gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress and Prospects of Spin Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (2012)

We report our progress on material improvement, device design, wafer processing, integration with CMOS, and testing of STT-RAM memory chips at 54 nm node with cell sizes of 14 and 28 F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (F=54 nm). A dual tunnel barrier MTJ structure was found to have lower and more symmetric median spin transfer torque writing switching currents, and much tighter parallel to antiparallel switching current distribution. In-plane MTJ devices write endurance data, read and write soft error rates data and simulation fits, and solutions to the long write error rate tail at fast write speeds are discussed.
Binding of a Bovine Oviductal Fluid Catalase to Mammalian Spermatozoa1 (1998)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species that at low concentration is toxic to sperm. H2O2 inhibits not only sperm viability but also the acrosome reaction, sperm-egg binding, and oocyte penetration. Catalase activates the decomposition of H2O2 into water and oxygen, thus removing an initiator of free radical chain reactions leading to lipid peroxidation. Since the oviduct is known to enhance sperm survival, we hypothesized that it might secrete catalase. We found that oviductal fluid, harvested from washed cells collected at the slaughterhouse, possessed catalase-specific activity that varied during the estrous cycle. Catalase activity increased during the cycle and reached its maximal level just before ovulation (Days 18-20). No significant difference in activity was seen between fluid from the isthmus and that from the ampulla. Indirect immuno-staining of spermatozoa incubated in the oviductal fluid revealed the association of catalase in the region of the acrosomal cap. Addition of a commercial antibody directed against bovine liver catalase completely inhibited catalase activities from the oviductal fluid. Catalase activity was also detected in porcine oviductal fluid, human oviductal fluid, and cervical mucus. Western blots of oviductal fluid probed with the anti-catalase antibody revealed two major bands at 60 and 40 kDa. An immunoaffinity column was used to purify oviductal catalase, showing a unique band at about 60 kDa when analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The purified protein was incubated with bovine, boar, and human sperm, and Western blots of these sperm after several washes detected a band at 60 kDa, indicating that the protein was bound to sperm membranes. However, bovine liver catalase did not bind to sperm. Since H2O2 is one of the key reactants in the chain reaction of free radical production, this enzyme may play an important role in sperm survival within the female tract.
An iterative identification method for equivalent circuit battery models (2017)

The exact battery model has always been a thorny problem in battery management system (BMS). In order to meet the actual working conditions, battery model parameters should be identified from a variety of experimental data (charging, discharging and rest periods). In this paper, we propose a parameter identification method based on iterative learning for the equivalent circuit battery models. This method can be used for parameter identification under complex operating conditions. Simulated and experimental studies validate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Dynamic Boltzmann Machines for Second Order Moments and Generalized\n Gaussian Distributions (2017)

Dynamic Boltzmann Machine (DyBM) has been shown highly efficient to predict\ntime-series data. Gaussian DyBM is a DyBM that assumes the predicted data is\ngenerated by a Gaussian distribution whose first-order moment (mean)\ndynamically changes over time but its second-order moment (variance) is fixed.\nHowever, in many financial applications, the assumption is quite limiting in\ntwo aspects. First, even when the data follows a Gaussian distribution, its\nvariance may change over time. Such variance is also related to important\ntemporal economic indicators such as the market volatility. Second, financial\ntime-series data often requires learning datasets generated by the generalized\nGaussian distribution with an additional shape parameter that is important to\napproximate heavy-tailed distributions. Addressing those aspects, we show how\nto extend DyBM that results in significant performance improvement in\npredicting financial time-series data.\n
C-TAK1 protein kinase phosphorylates human Cdc25C on serine 216 and promotes 14-3-3 protein binding. (1998)

Cdc25C is a dual-specificity protein kinase that controls entry into mitosis by dephosphorylating Cdc2 on both threonine 14 and tyrosine 15. Cdc25C is phosphorylated on serine 216 throughout interphase but not during mitosis. Serine 216 phosphorylation mediates the binding of 14-3-3 protein to Cdc25C, and Cdc25C/14-3-3 complexes are present throughout interphase but not during mitosis. Here we report the cloning of a human kinase denoted C-TAK1 (for Cdc twenty-five C associated protein kinase) that phosphorylates Cdc25C on serine 216 in vitro. C-TAK1 is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues and cell lines and is distinct from the DNA damage checkpoint kinase Chk1, shown previously to phosphorylate Cdc25C on serine 216. Cotransfection of Cdc25C with C-TAK1 resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine 216. In addition, a physical interaction between C-TAK1 and Cdc25C was observed upon transient overexpression in COS-7 cells. Finally, coproduction of Cdc25C and C-TAK1 in bacteria resulted in the stoichiometric phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine 216 and facilitated 14-3-3 protein binding in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that one function of C-TAK1 may be to regulate the interactions between Cdc25C and 14-3-3 in vivo by phosphorylating Cdc25C on serine 216.
Pyrrolothieno[1,4]diazepines. Part V. Study of their chemical reactivity and first synthesis of oxazino[4,3‐<i>c</i>]pyrrolo[1,2‐<i>a</i>]thieno[2,3‐<i>f</i>] [1,4]diazepines (1997)

Abstract The study of the chemical reactivity of methyloxopyrrolothienodiazepinones led to new derivatives such as oximes, methyloximes, hydrazones and alcohols and also, according to an intramolecular cyclization, to new oxazino[4,3‐ c ]pyrrolo[1,2‐ a ]thieno[3,2‐ f ][1,4]diazepines.
Interframe video coding using overlapped motion compensation and perfect reconstruction filter banks (1992)

Interframe video coders using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and motion compensation (MC) produce block artifacts in the decoded video at low bit-rates. Results on lapped orthogonal transforms (LOTs) suggest that they can reduce these artifacts. However, LOTs are difficult to use efficiently with motion compensation because of block overlap. The authors propose a new video coding algorithm that forms a natural connection between LOTs and motion compensation using two novel concepts: overlapped motion compensation (OMC) and overlapped macroblocks using frequency domain coefficients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
124 K SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN Cu-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (1995)

A superconducting phase with a transition temperature up to 124 K has been detected in multiphase samples of Cu-Ba-Ca-Cu-O synthesized under pressures between 5.5 and 6 GPa and at temperatures between 820 and 870°C. The 124 K transition is attributed to a phase closely related to CuBa 2 Ca n−1 Cu n O y , which is known to be superconducting only below 117 K, with a possible subtle change in the local atomic arrangement or stoichiometry. Structure details and the optimal synthesis conditions of the 124 K phase have yet to be determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of HIV Protease Inhibitors Targeting Protein Backbone: An Effective Strategy for Combating Drug Resistance (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Whole program paths (1999)

Whole program paths (WPP) are a new approach to capturing and representing a program's dynamic---actually executed---control flow. Unlike other path profiling techniques, which record intraprocedural or acyclic paths, WPPs produce a single, compact description of a program's entire control flow, including loop iteration and interprocedural paths.This paper explains how to collect and represent WPPs. It also shows how to use WPPs to find hot subpaths, which are the heavily executed sequences of code that should be the focus of performance tuning and compiler optimization.
Water‐Soluble Nanocrystals Through Dual‐Interaction Ligands (2008)

Nicht wasserscheu: Hydrophobe Nanokristalle (NCs) werden hydrophil, wenn Liganden mit doppelten Wechselwirkungen (koordinativ und van der Waals) an die Oberfläche angelagert werden. Die resultierenden NCs sind in wässrigen Lösungen bei pH 1–14, verschiedenen Salzkonzentrationen und beim Erwärmen beständig. Mit diesen Liganden beschichtete Quantenpunkte sind ausgezeichnete Fluoreszenzmarkierungen für Immuntests. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z800434_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Remote shopping advice (2014)

Consumers shopping in "brick-and-mortar" (non-virtual) stores often use their mobile phones to consult with others about potential purchases. Via a survey (n = 200), we detail current practices in seeking remote shopping advice. We then consider how emerging social platforms, such as social networking sites and crowd labor markets, could offer rich next-generation remote shopping advice experiences. We conducted a field experiment in which shoppers shared photographs of potential purchases via MMS, Facebook, and Mechanical Turk. Paid crowdsourcing, in particular, proved surprisingly useful and influential as a means of augmenting in-store shopping. Based on our findings, we offer design suggestions for next-generation remote shopping advice systems.
Cell-Specific Aptamers for Targeted Therapies (2009)

Many signalling proteins involved in diverse functions such as cell growth and differentiation can act as oncogenes and cause cellular transformation. These molecules represent attractive targets for cancer diagnosis or therapy and therefore are subject to intensive investigation. Aptamers are small, highly structured nucleic acid molecules, isolated from combinatorial libraries by a procedure termed SELEX. Aptamers bind to a target molecule by providing a limited number of specific contact points imbedded in a larger, defined three-dimensional structure. Recently, aptamers have been selected against whole living cells, opening a new path which presents three major advantages: (1) direct selection without prior purification of membrane-bound targets, (2) access to membrane proteins in their native conformation similar to the in vivo conditions and (3) identification of (new) targets related to a specific phenotype. The ability to raise aptamers against living cells opens some attractive possibilities for new therapeutic and delivery approaches. In this chapter, the most recent advances in the field will be reviewed together with detailed descriptions of the relevant experimental approaches.
<title>Three-dimensional measurement of multiple points using a TV camera with circular shifting apparatus</title> (2001)

By setting a refractor with a certain angle against the optical axis of the CCD camera lens, the image of a measuring point recorded on the image plane is displaced by the corresponding amounts related to the distance between the camera and the measuring point. When the refractor that keeps the angle against the optical axis is rotated physically at high speed during the exposure of the camera, the image of a measuring point draws a circular streak. Since the size of the circular streak is inversely proportional to the distance between the camera and the measuring point, the 3D position of the measuring point can be obtained by processing the streak. When the measuring point is moving against the camera, the measuring point draws a spiral streak on an image plane since the circular shift is added to the movement of the measuring point. The size of the spiral streak also concerns to the depth of the measuring point. The pitch of the spiral streak concerns to the velocity parallel to the image plane of the camera and the variation rate of the spiral size concerns to the velocity in the direction of the optical axis of the camera.
Direct Regioselective Enzymatic Acylation of Nucleosides: Building‐Blocks for the Solution Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Proteolytic N-terminal Truncation of Cardiac Troponin I Enhances Ventricular Diastolic Function (2004)

Besides the core structure conserved in all troponin I isoforms, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) has an N-terminal extension that contains phosphorylation sites for protein kinase A under beta-adrenergic regulation. A restricted cleavage of this N-terminal regulatory domain occurs in normal cardiac muscle and is up-regulated during hemodynamic adaptation (Z.-B. Yu, L.-F. Zhang, and J.-P. Jin (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 15753-15760). In the present study, we developed transgenic mice overexpressing the N-terminal truncated cTnI (cTnI-ND) in the heart to examine its biochemical and physiological significance. Ca(2+)-activated actomyosin ATPase activity showed that cTnI-ND myofibrils had lower affinity for Ca(2+) than controls, similar to the effect of isoproterenol treatment. In vivo and isolated working heart experiments revealed that cTnI-ND hearts had a significantly faster rate of relaxation and lower left ventricular end diastolic pressure compared with controls. The higher baseline relaxation rate of cTnI-ND hearts was at a level similar to that of wild type mouse hearts under beta-adrenergic stimulation. The decrease in cardiac output due to lowered preload was significantly smaller for cTnI-ND hearts compared with controls. These findings indicate that removal of the N-terminal extension of cTnI via restricted proteolysis enhances cardiac function by increasing the rate of myocardial relaxation and lowering left ventricular end diastolic pressure to facilitate ventricular filling, thus resulting in better utilization of the Frank-Starling mechanism.
Encoded injection of microbubbles to improve flow velocity measurements using cross-correlation technique (2021)

Abstract We present techniques to measure fluid flow rates in single- and multi-phase fluid flows by detecting the motion of injected tracers. Our methods exploit acoustic impedance differences between liquids and gases to allow one to sense the presence of micron-sized gas bubbles in a liquid when it is irradiated with ultrasonic energy. By cross-correlating signals at multiple locations along the path of flow, the velocity of the moving fluid can be accurately estimated. We report experimental results in single- and two-phase fluid flows and describe the methodologies used in each case that are necessary to enable accurate measurements. In cases of single- and two- phase flows, respectively, flow rates can be measured to less than 5% and less than 10%–15% of known flow rates. While our experiments leveraged differences in acoustic properties, the methods may be generalized to other means of measurement.
Validating of Atmospheric Signals Associated with some of the Major Earthquakes in Asia (2003-2009) (2010)

The recent catastrophic earthquake in Haiti (January 2010) has provided and renewed interest in the important question of the existence of precursory signals related to strong earthquakes. Latest studies (VESTO workshop in Japan 2009) have shown that there were precursory atmospheric signals observed on the ground and in space associated with several recent earthquakes. The major question, still widely debated in the scientific community is whether such signals systematically precede major earthquakes. To address this problem we have started to validate the anomalous atmospheric signals during the occurrence of large earthquakes. Our approach is based on integration analysis of several physical and environmental parameters (thermal infrared radiation, electron concentration in the ionosphere, Radon/ion activities, air temperature and seismicity) that were found to be associated with earthquakes. We performed hind-cast detection over three different regions with high seismicity Taiwan, Japan and Kamchatka for the period of 2003-2009. We are using existing thermal satellite data (Aqua and POES); in situ atmospheric data (NOAA/NCEP); and ionospheric variability data (GPS/TEC and DEMETER). The first part of this validation included 42 major earthquakes (M greater than 5.9): 10 events in Taiwan, 15 events in Japan, 15 events in Kamchatka and four most recent events for M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake (May 2008) in China and M7.9 Samoa earthquakes (Sep 2009). Our initial results suggest a systematic appearance of atmospheric anomalies near the epicentral area, 1 to 5 days prior to the largest earthquakes, that could be explained by a coupling process between the observed physical parameters, and the earthquake preparation processes.
BLINKS (2007)

Query processing over graph-structured data is enjoying a growing number of applications. A top-k keyword search query on a graph finds the top k answers according to some ranking criteria, where each answer is a substructure of the graph containing all query keywords. Current techniques for supporting such queries on general graphs suffer from several drawbacks, e.g., poor worst-case performance, not taking full advantage of indexes, and high memory requirements. To address these problems, we propose BLINKS, a bi-level indexing and query processing scheme for top-k keyword search on graphs. BLINKS follows a search strategy with provable performance bounds, while additionally exploiting a bi-level index for pruning and accelerating the search. To reduce the index space, BLINKS partitions a data graph into blocks: The bi-level index stores summary information at the block level to initiate and guide search among blocks, and more detailed information for each block to accelerate search within blocks. Our experiments show that BLINKS offers orders-of-magnitude performance improvement over existing approaches.
Chromosomal Copy Number Analysis in Melanoma Diagnostics (2013)

The majority of melanocytic neoplasms can be correctly diagnosed using routine histopathologic analysis. However, a significant minority of tumors have ambiguous histopathologic attributes that overlap between melanocytic nevi and melanoma. Ancillary tests that assist in distinguishing potentially lethal melanomas from benign melanocytic nevi with atypical histopathologic features are available, but still need refining.Most melanomas have chromosomal copy number aberrations, frequently involving multiple chromosomes. With rare exceptions, such anomalies are not found in melanocytic nevi. This difference formed the basis to develop assays that can help distinguish melanoma from nevi by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). FISH can detect chromosomal copy number changes of a limited number of loci within individual cells. By contrast, CGH assesses copy number across the entire genome, but typically is performed on bulk cell populations so that copy number changes in individual cells or subpopulations of cells can go undetected. Both FISH and CGH have been used to provide genomic information in histopathologically ambiguous melanocytic tumors that can assist pathologists make correct diagnoses.
Optical bistability in vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (2006)

We present an overview of the properties and applications of optical bistability in vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs). The basic physics and analytical models of this optical nonlinearity are discussed. Experimental results obtained from a VCSOA operated in the 850 nm wavelength region are presented. Counterclockwise hysteresis loops are obtained over a range of initial phase detuning and bias currents. One hysteresis loop is observed experimentally with an input power as low as 2 muW when the device is biased at 98% of its lasing threshold. Numerical simulations based on the Fabry-Perot resonator model and rate equations we developed show good agreement with our experimental observations. In addition, a low input intensity high contrast (10:1) optical and gate and 2R regeneration are demonstrated. We believe that bistable VCSOAs can significantly advance the prospect of a dense two-dimensional array of low-switching-intensity all-optical logic and memory elements.
Colocalization of Barley Lectin and Sporamin in Vacuoles of Transgenic Tobacco Plants (1993)

Various targeting motifs have been identified for plant proteins delivered to the vacuole. For barley (Hordeum vulgare) lectin, a typical Gramineae lectin and defense-related protein, the vacuolar information is contained in a carboxyl-terminal propeptide. In contrast, the vacuolar targeting information of sporamin, a storage protein from the tuberous roots of the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), is encoded in an amino-terminal propeptide. Both proteins were expressed simultaneously in transgenic tobacco plants to enable analysis of their posttranslational processing and subcellular localization by pulse-chase labeling and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical methods. The pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that processing and delivery to the vacuole are not impaired by the simultaneous expression of barley lectin and sporamin. Both proteins were targeted quantitatively to the vacuole, indicating that the carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal propeptides are equally recognized by the vacuolar protein-sorting machinery. Double-labeling experiments showed that barley lectin and sporamin accumulate in the same vacuole of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf and root cells.
Tobacco Waste/Industrial Sludge Based Desulfurization Adsorbents:  Effect of Phase Interactions during Pyrolysis on Surface Activity (2007)

Industrial waste derived adsorbents were obtained by pyrolysis of tobacco waste with either metal sludge or waste oil sludge from a shipyard. The materials were used as media to remove hydrogen sulfide at room temperature in the presence of moisture. The initial and exhausted adsorbents after the breakthrough tests were characterized using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, XRD, elemental analysis, and surface pH measurements. It was found that mixing tobacco and industrial sludges results in a strong synergy, enhancing the catalytic properties of adsorbents. This synergy is observed in both surface chemistry and porosity. During pyrolysis, new mineral phases are formed as a result of solid-state reactions between the components of the sludges. They are highly dispersed on the surface of mesopores. A high volume of these pores is a result of activation of the carbon phase in the composite by alkaline earth metals and also by the release of water from the decomposition of an inorganic phase that is in the predominant quantity. A high temperature of pyrolysis is beneficial for the adsorbents due to the enhanced activation of the carbonaceous phase and the chemical stabilization of the inorganic phase. Samples obtained at low temperatures are sensitive to water, which deactivates their catalytic centers.