gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image enhancement and quality measures for dietary assessment using mobile devices (2012)

Measuring accurate dietary intake is considered to be an open research problem in the nutrition and health fields. We are developing a system, known as the mobile device food record (mdFR), to automatically identify and quantify foods and beverages consumed based on analyzing meal images captured with a mobile device. The mdFR makes use of a fiducial marker and other contextual information to calibrate the imaging system so that accurate amounts of food can be estimated from the scene. Food identification is a difficult problem since foods can dramatically vary in appearance. Such variations may arise not only from non-rigid deformations and intra-class variability in shape, texture, color and other visual properties, but also from changes in illumination and viewpoint. To address the color consistency problem, this paper describes illumination quality assessment methods implemented on a mobile device and three post color correction methods.
Validation of a Polysomnographic Score for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (2005)

This quantitative method to assess the severity of RBD polysomnographic features appears to be both valid and reliable in patients at risk for RBD because of neurodegenerative disorders.
Increased Resolution on an ICFLCD Through Field Sequential Sub Pixel Illumination (1998)

Abstract The ultimate goal of many types of display system (HMD, digital movie projector, simulator) is to produce images with an angular resolution approaching the human eye's natural limit. For most displays, this implies a resolution of many thousands of lines — far beyond what is possible for any real time system in existence today. DTI has demonstrated a technique that promises to produce ultra‐high resolution images through innovative illumination of a fast low cost ICFLCD or potentially a DLP. DTI's method creates images with more resolution than is provided by the pixels themselves by using time multiplexed illumination. Specifically, during four sequential scans of the ICFLCD, the four quadrants of each pixel are illuminated in sequence, building up an image made up of the illuminated quadrants rather than the pixels themselves.
Global Model for Failure Prediction for Rod Pump Artificial Lift Systems (2013)

Abstract This paper presents a new generalized global model approach for failure prediction for rod pumps. By embedding domain knowledge into an Expectation Maximization clustering algorithm, the proposed global model is able to statistically recognize pre-failure and failure patterns from normal patterns during the training stage. Compared with previous field-specific models, the enriched training set for the global model learns from much larger scale of normal and failure examples from all fields with which a generalized Support Vector Machine (SVM) is trained and is able to predict failures for all fields. The data set for this paper is taken from five real-world assets using rod pump artificial lift systems which contain nearly 2,000 rod pumps. The results show that the global model of failure prediction is capable of capturing future rod pump and tubing failures that produce acceptable precision and recall. The resulting global model is scalable and can be used for predicting failures for proactive maintenance to reduce lost oil production. Results from our case studies with multiple fields data show that precision and recall are better than 65% with this global model. Our prior work [1] used machine learning techniques to generate high quality failure prediction models with good accuracy. However, these efforts suffer from two major drawbacks. First, this used machine learning techniques that require labeled datasets for training the model. Generating these labeled datasets is human-intensive and time-consuming. Second, this model is field-specific which is only applicable to the specific field from which the labeled dataset is derived. These field-specific models generally perform poorly on other fields because of the differences in the data characteristic caused by field geology, operational procedure, etc. Moreover, these models have to be maintained independently, which accordingly raises nontrivial maintenance costs.
Chest CT: Automated Nodule Detection and Assessment of Change over Time—Preliminary Experience (2001)

The authors developed a computer system that automatically identifies nodules at chest computed tomography, quantifies their diameter, and assesses for change in size at follow-up. The automated nodule detection system identified 318 (86%) of 370 nodules in 16 studies (eight initial and eight follow-up studies) obtained in eight oncology patients with known nodules. Assessment of change in nodule size by the computer matched that by the thoracic radiologist (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.932).
Effect of the components of maize on the quality of masa and tortillas during the traditional nixtamalisation process (2001)

In this work the importance of maize pericarp and germ in relation to the overall quality of masa and tortillas was studied. Alkaline-cooking originated alterations in the outer layers of the grain. Its components were hydrated and the pericarp fraction assumed a gummy and sticky texture. During the liming process, some components from the germ, pericarp and tip cap fractions released ‘maize hull gums’, increasing the contents of xylose, galactose and D-glucuronic acid. The presence of gums and insolubilised germ that remained after the traditional washing of the nixtamal improved the viscosity, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of the masa and tortillas as compared to the dry masa and tortillas from nixtamal with the germ removed and from exhaustively washed nixtamal, where most of the hull gums and germ were removed. Fresh tortillas or tortillas stored for 24 h at room temperature prepared using the traditional process of nixtamalisation (washed twice) were more stretchable, elastic and resistant to tearing and cracking than tortillas prepared with exhaustively washed nixtamal or with nixtamal washed twice with the germ removed. Tortillas from nixtamal with the germ removed showed the worst texture, rollability and puffing. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Pattern change discovery between high dimensional data sets (2011)

This paper investigates the general problem of pattern change discovery between high-dimensional data sets. Current methods either mainly focus on magnitude change detection of low-dimensional data sets or are under supervised frameworks. In this paper, the notion of the principal angles between the subspaces is introduced to measure the subspace difference between two high-dimensional data sets. Principal angles bear a property to isolate subspace change from the magnitude change. To address the challenge of directly computing the principal angles, we elect to use matrix factorization to serve as a statistical framework and develop the principle of the dominant subspace mapping to transfer the principal angle based detection to a matrix factorization problem. We show how matrix factorization can be naturally embedded into the likelihood ratio test based on the linear models. The proposed method is of an unsupervised nature and addresses the statistical significance of the pattern changes between high-dimensional data sets. We have showcased the different applications of this solution in several specific real-world applications to demonstrate the power and effectiveness of this method.
Precise machining of ceramic dental prosthesis with ultra-short laser pulses using online depth profiling (2004)

Creating individual dental prostheses in hot isostatic pressed (HIP) zirconia by conventional mechanical machining, e.g. milling, is time consuming and subject to significant loss in bending strength due to microcracking during the milling process. Ultra-short laser pulses offer a possibility in machining ceramic with negligible damage to the surface of the ceramic. Dental prosthesis are three dimensional objects requiring five axis milling machines when manufacturing high strength ceramic conventionally. During milling only a certain amount of bulk material is removed, dependent only on the movement of the milling cutter. Using ultra-short laser pulses to accomplish the same task needs careful monitoring of the material ablated, especially the ablation depth. To process high strength ceramics, ultra-short laser pulse systems presently have small ablation rates compared to conventional milling machines. To overcome this drawback and to speed up the process of manufacturing dental prostheses, a special ablation strategy was developed. Large amounts of material are simply cut away. To avoid damage by ablating too deep into the bulk material, the depth has to be monitored carefully.
ERp57 modulates STAT3 activity in radioresistant laryngeal cancer cells and serves as a prognostic marker for laryngeal cancer (2015)

Although targeting radioresistant tumor cells is essential for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy, the signals activated in resistant tumors are still unclear. This study shows that ERp57 contributes to radioresistance of laryngeal cancer by activating STAT3. Increased ERp57 was associated with the radioresistant phenotype of laryngeal cancer cells. Interestingly, increased interaction between ERp57 and STAT3 was observed in radioresistant cells, compared to the control cells. This physical complex is required for the activation of STAT3 in the radioresistant cells. Among STAT3-regulatory genes, Mcl-1 was predominantly regulated by ERp57. Inhibition of STAT3 activity with a chemical inhibitor or siRNA-mediated depletion of Mcl-1 sensitized radioresistant cells to irradiation, suggesting that the ERp57-STAT3-Mcl-1 axis regulates radioresistance of laryngeal cancer cells. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between ERp57 and phosphorylated STAT3 or Mcl-1 and in vivo interactions between ERp57 and STAT3 in human laryngeal cancer. Importantly, we also found that increased ERp57-STAT3 complex was associated with poor prognosis in human laryngeal cancer, indicating the prognostic role of ERp57-STAT3 regulation. Overall, our data suggest that ERp57-STAT3 regulation functions in radioresistance of laryngeal cancer, and targeting the ERp57-STAT3 pathway might be important for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in human laryngeal cancer.
XML Schema Representation of DICOM Structured Reporting (2003)

With the framework described it is feasible to generate XML Schema using the existing DICOM SR specification. It can also be applied to generate XML Schemas for other DICOM information objects.
Fabrication of a plasmonic modulator incorporating an overlaid grating coupler (2014)

The fabrication of a novel plasmonic reflection modulator is presented and described. The modulator includes plasmon excitation using a diffraction grating coupler and is based on a metal-insulator-semiconductor structure on silicon. Fabrication includes a thin thermal oxide, a plasmonic metal surface defined by optical lithography, a metal grating coupler defined by overlaid e-beam lithography, a passivation layer with metalized vias, and electrical contacts. Physical characterization of intermediate structures is provided along with modulation measurements at λ0 ∼ 1550 nm which verify the concept.
AuPt Alloy Nanoparticles for CO‐Tolerant Hydrogen Activation: Architectural Effects in Au‐Pt Bimetallic Nanocatalysts (2007)

Abstract Colloidal suspensions of AuPt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by using a rapid butyllithium reduction of Au 3+ and Pt 4+ precursors in oleylamine. The resulting 2.5 nm (av) particles were characterized by TEM with EDX, XRD, XPS and UV‐vis spectroscopy. With less butyllithium, nanowires are formed from fused NPs and grow to 100 nm in length. The activities of three different AuPt NP architectures (alloy, contact aggregate and monometallic NPs) were evaluated for catalytic hydrogen oxidation in CO‐contaminated fuel streams (1.0 % Pt loadings in Al 2 O 3 supports). The alloy catalyst showed superior H 2 and CO oxidation activity, was unaffected by iron promoters and appears to operate by a different mechanism. The heteroaggregate showed a marked improvement in activity with iron promoters and is more selective for CO oxidation.
Widening the Latency Gap in Chelated Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2011)

The synthesis of novel sulfur-chelated ruthenium benzylidenes afforded latent catalysts with a wider range of activities and new isomeric forms. A ruthenium complex with a tridentate ligand displayed latency for even one of the most reactive ROMP monomers, dicyclopentadiene, while a room temperature latent trifluoromethyl-substituted thioether derivative was shown to be the most active sulfur-chelated precatalyst to date in several metathesis reactions at higher temperatures. These new complexes widen the spectrum of activity for this family of catalysts, enabling several practical applications and enhancing the understanding for the mechanisms of activation in strongly chelated ruthenium alkylidenes.
Three dimensional digital holographic aperture synthesis (2015)

Aperture synthesis techniques are applied to temporally and spatially diverse digital holograms recorded with a fast focal-plane array. Because the technique fully resolves the downrange dimension using wide-bandwidth FMCW linear-chirp waveforms, extremely high resolution three dimensional (3D) images can be obtained even at very long standoff ranges. This allows excellent 3D image formation even when targets have significant structure or discontinuities, which are typically poorly rendered with multi-baseline synthetic aperture ladar or multi-wavelength holographic aperture ladar approaches. The background for the system is described and system performance is demonstrated through both simulation and experiments.
The design and implementation of a secure auction service (2002)

We present the design and implementation of a distributed service for performing sealed-bid auctions. This service provides an interface by which clients, or "bidders", can issue secret bids to the service for an advertised auction. Once the bidding period has ended, the auction service opens the bids, determines the winning bid, and provides the winning bidder with a ticket for claiming the item bid upon. Using novel cryptographic techniques, the service is constructed to provide strong protection for both the auction house and correct bidders, despite the malicious behavior of any number of bidders and even a constant fraction of the servers comprising the auction service. Specifically, it is guaranteed that (i) bids of correct bidders are not revealed until after the bidding period has ended, (ii) the auction house collects payment for the winning bid, (iii) losing bidders forfeit no money, and (iv) only the winning bidder can collect the item bid upon. We also discuss techniques to enable anonymous bidding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How can we genetically engineer oilseed crops to produce high levels of medium-chain fatty acids? (2001)

The end products of fatty acid synthase activities are usually 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids. There are however, several plant species that store 8- to 14-carbon (medium-chain) fatty acids in their oil seeds. Among the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), caprylic (8:0) and capric (10:0) are minor components of coconut oil, which are used in many industrial, nutritional and pharmaceutical products. Engineering crop plants such as Brassica could provide an economical source of these oils. During the last decade many laboratories have identified, cloned and characterized both the biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes regulating the composition and levels of these unusual fatty acids in seed oil. Among the biosynthetic enzymes thioesterases (TE), β-ketoacyl-ACP synthases (KAS) and acyltransferases are best characterized. In fact several independent investigators have shown that combined expression of the medium-chain specific enzymes, specifically, TE, KAS and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) results in the production of significant levels of MCFA in seed that otherwise do not accumulate any medium-chain fatty acid. However, any additional increase in the levels of MCFA in transgenic seeds will require further detailed studies, such as possible induction of the medium-chain specific enzymes in β-oxidation and the glyoxylate pathways. To examine such a possibility, a number of genes involved in the β-oxidation cycle among them a novel enzyme now designated as ACX3, a medium-chain specific acyl-CoA-oxidase, has also been cloned. This article is an attempt to summarize our current knowledge and the present status of engineering oilseed crops for production of medium-chain fatty acids.
20. Directed Evolution of AAV2 Yields Novel Capsid Variants (2004)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a highly promising gene delivery vehicle, though gene transfer barriers can in cases limit its efficiency. These barriers arise at every step of delivery: the transit of the vector from injection to a cell surface, receptor binding and uptake, intracellular trafficking, and nuclear steps. The AAV gene transfer properties at each of these steps are determined by its capsid structure. Previous capsid modifications that alter AAV tropism, as well as the existence of multiple AAV serotypes, suggest that the structure-function relationships of the AAV capsid are reasonably plastic. We have taken advantage of this remarkable capsid plasticity to generate a large random mutant AAV library (1e6) and select for mutant AAV virions that can overcome several barriers to infection. Specifically, we have selected the AAV2 library for infectious particles with altered heparan sulfate (HS) affinity and for the ability to evade an AAV2 immune response. First, we have generated mutants with both lower and higher affinity to heparin, which could prove valuable in controlling the therapeutic zone of an AAV vector in tissues where ECM HS hinders AAV2 diffusion. Furthermore, we have generated vector variants that have greater than 100-fold improved resistance to human serum that neutralizes wild type AAV2, yet retain AAV2 gene delivery efficiency. These vectors may enable high gene delivery efficiency even in patients with pre-existing immunity, and the locations of point mutations on the capsid surface suggest new regions of functional importance to the virus. These AAV libraries therefore both provide useful variants for gene therapy applications as well as offer new avenues to dissect basic AAV biology.
Fast optical character recognition through glyph hashing for document conversion (2005)

This paper proposes a glyph hashing approach to optical character recognition with applications in document conversion. The viability and efficiency of the approach is tested through its implementation in a print driver on 68,987 PDF documents containing 1.15 billion characters. Results indicate that a hash table with (a) 3.2 million hashes is sufficient to represent all characters from these documents, and (b) 480 fonts are sufficient to cover over 90% of these documents. Glyph recognizing experiments indicate that 80% of unique character glyphs and over 96% of all characters from unseen documents can be found in a hash table built using all 68,987 documents. The hashing approach is used to not only recognize the character codes but also, size, style (bold, italic, etc), and font name. We found that the hashing approach can scale to hundreds of fonts and thousands of characters per font. Further, it is extremely fast and can recognize over 100,000 characters per second. Owing to its speed, such a hashing approach can complement any existing OCR system by acting as a pre-filter to produce a 4-5 times speedup during document conversion.
Image-based document management (2014)

Many companies still operate critical business processes using paper-based forms, including customer surveys, inspections, contracts and invoices. Converting those handwritten forms to symbolic data is expensive and complicated. This paper presents an overview of the Image-Based Document Management (IBDM) system for analyzing handwritten forms without requiring conversion to symbolic data. Strokes captured in a questionnaire on a tablet are separated into fields that are then displayed in a spreadsheet. Rows represent documents while columns represent corresponding fields across all documents. IBDM allows a process owner to capture and analyze large collections of documents with minimal IT support. IBDM supports the creation of filters and queries on the data. IBDM also allows the user to request symbolic conversion of individual columns of data and permits the user to create custom views by reordering and sorting the columns. In other words, IBDM provides a "writing on paper" experience for the data collector and a web-based database experience for the analyst.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Pathogenesis and Interaction with the Immune System (2015)

This review addresses important issues of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, immunity, pathogenesis, and control. Worldwide, PRRS is the most economically important infectious disease of pigs. We highlight the latest information on viral genome structure, pathogenic mechanisms, and host immunity, with a special focus on immune factors that modulate PRRSV infections during the acute and chronic/persistent disease phases. We address genetic control of host resistance and probe effects of PRRSV infection on reproductive traits. A major goal is to identify cellular/viral targets and pathways for designing more effective vaccines and therapeutics. Based on progress in viral reverse genetics, host transcriptomics and genomics, and vaccinology and adjuvant technologies, we have identified new areas for PRRS control and prevention. Finally, we highlight the gaps in our knowledge base and the need for advanced molecular and immune tools to stimulate PRRS research and field applications.
Synthetic Biological Protein Nanowires with High Conductivity (2016)

Genetic modification to add tryptophan to PilA, the monomer for the electrically conductive pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens, yields conductive protein filaments 2000-fold more conductive than the wild-type pili while cutting the diameter in half to 1.5 nm.
Induction Motor Dynamic Control (2018)

Induction motors consume over half of the electric energy produced. Much of it is wasted because efficiency drops when induction motors are not fully loaded. Typically, motors are oversized to meet peak load demands and are inefficient for lesser loads. This paper describes a system for dynamically matching the motor to the load by increasing stator turns for light loads. This decreases stator current and power absorbed from the power line. Stator turns are adjusted in half cycle increments. This results in a wide range of possible average adjustments and quick response. Dynamic power control increases efficiency and improves power factor.
Novel multifunctional hyperbranched polymeric photoinitiators with built-in amine coinitiators for UV curing (2007)

A new class of hyperbranched polymeric photoinitiators with built-in amine coinitiators has been developed, showing high functionality, low viscosity, good compatibility with the usual radiation curable formulations, high photoactivity and low extractability from the cured sample.