gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Single-Mask Process for Micromachined Magnetic Devices (2000)

A method of fabrication is presented in which interlinked, electrically isolated magnetic coils and cores can be realized using a self-aligned, single-mask process. The process relies on two electroplating techniques: the differential filling and subsequent removal of metals in different aspect-ratio trenches of the same mold, in combination with more conventional plate-through-mold techniques. Since both the electromagnetic coil and the magnetic core are fabricated using the same mold, only one photolithographic process is required. Different materials can be deposited into the different aspect ratio portions of the mold. For example, in the fabrication of magnetic actuators, copper is used to fill in the high aspect-ratio winding trenches while NiFe permalloy is used to till in the low aspect-ratio core trenches. Since the process results in electrically-self-isolated structures, the molds do not need to be removed and subsequent planarization issues (e.g., for surface micromachined devices) are greatly ameliorated. Actual geometrical limits (differences in aspect ratio) for which the process still yields functional devices were also investigated. Utilizing this process, functional electromagnetic coils of coil line widths of 15 and 50 pm have been fabricated and tested.
Evaluation of shrinkage temperature of bovine pericardium tissue for bioprosthetic heart valve application by differential scanning calorimetry and freeze-drying microscopy (2007)

Bovine pericardium bioprosthesis has become a commonly accepted device for heart valve replacement. Present practice relies on the measurement of shrinkage temperature, observed as a dramatic shortening of tissue length. Several reports in the last decade have utilized differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as an alternative method to determine the shrinkage temperature, which is accompanied by the absorption of heat, giving rise to an endothermic peak over the shrinkage temperature range of biological tissues. Usually, freeze-drying microscope is used to determine collapse temperature during the lyophilization of solutions. On this experiment we used this technique to study the shrinkage event. The aim of this work was to compare the results of shrinkage temperature obtained by DSC with the results obtained by freeze-drying microscopy. The results showed that both techniques provided excellent sensitivity and reproducibility, and gave information on the thermal shrinkage transition via the thermodynamical parameters inherent of each method.
Glutathione and mitochondria (2014)

Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-protein thiol in cells whose functions are dependent on the redox-active thiol of its cysteine moiety that serves as a cofactor for a number of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. While synthesized exclusively in the cytosol from its constituent amino acids, GSH is distributed in different compartments, including mitochondria where its concentration in the matrix equals that of the cytosol. This feature and its negative charge at physiological pH imply the existence of specific carriers to import GSH from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix, where it plays a key role in defense against respiration-induced reactive oxygen species and in the detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides and electrophiles. Moreover, as mitochondria play a central strategic role in the activation and mode of cell death, mitochondrial GSH has been shown to critically regulate the level of sensitization to secondary hits that induce mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and release of proteins confined in the intermembrane space that once in the cytosol engage the molecular machinery of cell death. In this review, we summarize recent data on the regulation of mitochondrial GSH and its role in cell death and prevalent human diseases, such as cancer, fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
Individualizing immunosuppression in lung transplantation (2018)

Immunosuppression management after lung transplantation continues to evolve, with an increasing number of agents available for use in various combinations allowing for more choice and individualization of immunosuppressive therapy. Therapeutic developments have led to improved outcomes including lower acute rejection rates and improved survival. However, a one size fits all approach for any immunosuppressive strategy may not be best suited to the individual patient and ultimately patient specific factors must be considered when designing the immunosuppressive regimen. Recipient factors including age, race, co-morbidities, immunologic risk, genetic polymorphisms, concomitant and previous pharmacotherapy, and overall immunosuppression burden should be considered. There are several significant drug-drug interactions with select immunosuppressive agents utilized in lung transplant pharmacotherapy that must be considered when choosing and devising a dosing strategy for an individual immunosuppressive agent. Herein, considerations for immunosuppression management in the individual patient will be reviewed.
Synthesis of .beta.-lactams from substituted hydroxamic acids (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .beta.-lactams from substituted hydroxamic acidsMarvin J. Miller, Phillip G. Mattingly, Marjorie A. Morrison, and James F. Kerwin Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 23, 7026–7032Publication Date (Print):November 5, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00543a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00543a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1669Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Knitted Poly-lactide-co-glycolide Scaffold Loaded with Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Repair and Regeneration of Rabbit Achilles Tendon (2003)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphology and biomechanical function of Achilles tendons regenerated using knitted poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) loaded with bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs). The animal model used was that of an adult female New Zealand White rabbit with a 10-mm gap defect of the Achilles tendon. In group I, 19 hind legs with the created defects were treated with allogeneic bMSCs seeded on knitted PLGA scaffold. In group II, the Achilles tendon defects in 19 hind legs were repaired using the knitted PLGA scaffold alone, and in group III, 6 hind legs were used as normal control. The tendon-implant constructs of groups I and II were evaluated postoperatively at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks using macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, specimens from group I (n = 7), group II (n = 7), and group III (n = 6) were harvested for biomechanical test 12 weeks after surgery. Postoperatively, at 2 and 4 weeks, the histology of group I specimens exhibited a higher rate of tissue formation and remodeling as compared with group II, whereas at 8 and 12 weeks postoperation, the histology of both group I and group II was similar to that of native tendon tissue. The wound sites of group I healed well and there was no apparent lymphocyte infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the regenerated tendons were composed of collagen types I and type III fibers. The tensile stiffness and modulus of group I were 87 and 62.6% of normal tendon, respectively, whereas those of group II were about 56.4 and 52.9% of normal tendon, respectively. These results suggest that the knitted PLGA biodegradable scaffold loaded with allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells has the potential to regenerate and repair gap defect of Achilles tendon and to effectively restore structure and function.
Base treated H-mordenite as stable catalyst in alkylbenzene transalkylation (2009)

The effect of post treatment methods on the pore structure of hierarchical mordenite and its catalytic performance in transalkylation of heavy alkylbenzenes were studied. While the catalytic stability of H-mordenite deteriorated with dealumination by acid or steam treatment, it was improved with desilication by base post treatment. Comparing to the state-of-the-art Pt/mordenite catalysts, the desilicated H-mordenite showed comparable stability giving the best benzene product purity at lower hydrogen and energy consumption and presented the greenest solution. The improved stability is attributed to an enhanced diffusion behavior in the meso-micro hierarchical structure. As confirmed by NMR and sorption data, base treatment can preferentially remove framework silica and re-insert octahedral aluminium into the mordenite structure simultaneously, through which it created enlarged mesopores and defected 12-MR micropores to form a hierarchical porous structure.
Secondary Structure and Dynamics of the r(CGG) Repeat in the mRNA of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1<i>(FMR1)</i>Gene (2007)

The CGG triplet repeat found within the 5'UTR of the FMR1 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of both fragile X syndrome and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The repeat has been shown to form both hairpins and tetraplexes in DNA; however, the secondary structure of CGG-repeat RNA has not been well defined. To this end, we have performed NMR spectroscopy on in vitro transcribed CGG-repeat RNAs and see clear evidence of intramolecular hairpins, with no evidence of tetraplex structures. Both C*G and G*G base pairs form in the hairpin stem, though in a dynamic equilibrium of conformations. In addition, we investigated the effect of an AGG repeat interruption on hairpin stability; such interruptions are often interspersed within the CGG repeat element and are thought to modulate secondary structure of the RNA. While the AGG repeat lowers the Tm of the hairpin at low Mg2+ concentrations, this difference disappears at physiological Mg2+ levels.
Strength-Duration Characteristics of Estrogen Effects on Gonadotropin Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Women. II. Effects of Varying Concentrations of Estradiol (1976)

This study was designed to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of estradiol, administered to normal women, upon the gonadotropin response to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LRF). Beginning at 4 pm on the first day of the menstrual cycle, 19 studies were performed in subjects who received injections of estradiol benzoate (E2B every 12 h for 6 days). Concentrations of E2B administered (mug/kg/12 h) were: 0.3, 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0. Mean serum estradiol concentrations achieved at these respective concentrations of E2B were 43, 53, 91, 145, 195, and 305 pg/ml. Twelve h after the last E2B injection, an intravenous bolus of 100 mug GnRH was administered. Gonadotropin response to this dose of GnRH after E2B was compared with each subject's response in the early follicular phase of a previous (control) cycle during which no exogenous estradiol was administered.
An object-color space (2009)

Putting aside metaphorical meanings of the term, color space is understood as a vector space, where lights having the same color (i.e., subjectively indistinguishable) are represented as a point. The CIE 1931 color space, empirically based on trichromatic color measurements, is a classical example. Its derivatives, such as CIELAB and sRGB, have been successfully used in many applications (e.g., in color management). However, having been designed for presenting the color of self-luminous objects, these spaces are less suitable for presenting color of reflecting objects. Specifically, they can be used to represent color of objects only for a fixed illumination. Here I put forward a color space to represent the color of objects independently of illumination. It is based on an ideal color atlas comprising the reflectance spectra taking two values: k or 1 - k (0 < or = k < or = 1), with two transitions (at wavelengths lambda(1) and lambda(2)) across the spectrum. This color atlas is complete; that is, every reflecting object is metameric to some element of the atlas. When illumination alters, the classes of metameric reflectance spectra are reshuffled but in each class there is exactly one element of the atlas. Hence, the atlas can uniquely represent the metameric classes irrespective of illumination. Each element of the atlas (thus, object color) is specified by three numbers: (i) lambda = (lambda(1) + lambda(2))/2, which correlates well with hue of object color (as dominant wavelength correlates with hue of light color); (ii) delta =/lambda(1) - lambda/, which correlates with whiteness/blackness; and (iii) alpha =/1 - 2k/, which correlates with chroma of object color (as colorimetric purity correlates with saturation of light color). Using a geographical coordinate system, each element of the atlas (thus, each object color) is geometrically represented as a radius vector so that its length equals alpha, the latitude and longitude being proportional to delta and lambda, respectively.
Fluid substitution in NMR T2 distribution and resistivity independent saturation computation using synthetic capillary pressure data (2022)

Petrophysicists and reservoir engineers utilise the capillary pressure and saturation-height function for calculating the water saturation of any reservoir, at a given height above the free water level. The results have a big impact on reserve estimation. The majority of capillary pressure studies are carried out in labs with core data. Cores, on the other hand, are usually altered from their original state before being delivered to laboratories. Moreover, the accuracy of discrete sets of core data in describing entire reservoir parameters, is still up for debate. Prediction of the capillary pressure curve in reservoir condition is an important subject that is challenging to perform. The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs for oil and gas exploration has grown in popularity over the last few decades. However, most of the time the utilization of the data is limited for evaluating porosity-permeability, distributions and computation of irreducible water saturation. After the advent of fluid substitution methods, NMR T2 distributions may now be used to synthesize core equivalent capillary pressure curves. Using fluid substitution workflow, our study introduces a better approach for obtaining capillary pressure curves from the NMR T2 distribution. The available core data has been used to calculate calibration parameters for better saturation height modelling. The workflow introduces a novel approach in resistivity independent saturation computation. In the exploratory wells of our study area, computed water saturation derived from the saturation height function exhibits encouraging agreement with resistivity based water saturation from multi-mineral model. The NMR based saturation height modelling approach has been included in study area for the first time so far.
Effect of Mechanism of Phosphorus and Boron on Creep Deformation of Alloy 718 (1997)

The effect of P and B on creep deformation of alloy 7 1X was studied. It was found that both P and B increase the resistance to creep deformation with P being a much stronger strengthening element than B. This result is in sharp contrast with the general belief that P is a detrimental element. Also of note is the strong synergistic effect of P and B revealed in alloy 7 18. The combined addition of P and B generated an increase in stress rupture life time or a decrease in the creep rate much greater than the sum of the individual effect of P or B. The P and B combined effect peaked at approximately P = 0.022 wt.% and B = 0.012 wt.% and can be expressed as:
Turning Corners into Cameras: Principles and Methods (2017)

We show that walls, and other obstructions with edges, can be exploited as naturally-occurring “cameras” that reveal the hidden scenes beyond them. In particular, we demonstrate methods for using the subtle spatio-temporal radiance variations that arise on the ground at the base of a wall's edge to construct a one-dimensional video of the hidden scene behind the wall. The resulting technique can be used for a variety of applications in diverse physical settings. From standard RGB video recordings, we use edge cameras to recover 1-D videos that reveal the number and trajectories of people moving in an occluded scene. We further show that adjacent wall edges, such as those that arise in the case of an open doorway, yield a stereo camera from which the 2-D location of hidden, moving objects can be recovered. We demonstrate our technique in a number of indoor and outdoor environments involving varied floor surfaces and illumination conditions.
The 7–8 August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, central Aleutian Islands, Alaska (2010)

Kasatochi volcano in the central Aleutian Islands erupted unexpectedly on 7–8 August 2008. Kasatochi has received little study by volcanologists and has had no confirmed historical eruptions. The island is an important nesting area for seabirds and a long‐term biological study site of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. After a notably energetic preeruptive earthquake swarm, the volcano erupted violently in a series of explosive events beginning in the early afternoon of 7 August. Each event produced ash‐gas plumes that reached 14–18 km above sea level. The volcanic plume contained large amounts of SO 2 and was tracked around the globe by satellite observations. The cumulative volcanic cloud interfered with air travel across the North Pacific, causing many flight cancelations that affected thousands of travelers. Visits to the volcano in 2008–2009 indicated that the eruption generated pyroclastic flows and surges that swept all flanks of the island, accumulated several tens of meters of pyroclastic debris, and increased the diameter of the island by about 800 m. Pyroclastic flow deposits contain abundant accidental lithic debris derived from the inner walls of the Kasatochi crater. Juvenile material is crystal‐rich silicic andesite that ranges from slightly pumiceous to frothy pumice. Fine‐grained pyroclastic surge and fall deposits with accretionary lapilli cover the lithic‐rich pyroclastic flow deposits and mark a change in eruptive style from episodic explosive activity to more continuous ash emission with smaller intermittent explosions. Pyroclastic deposits completely cover the island, but wave erosion and gully development on the flanks have begun to modify the surface mantle of volcanic deposits.
Transformation of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics<i>in vivo</i>: Ultrastructural and physicochemical characterization (1989)

Specially prepared biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) macroporous ceramics consisting of an intimate association of beta tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) with beta-TCP/HA weight ratios of 15/85, 35/65, and 85/15 were implanted in surgically created periodontal osseous defects in dogs and recovered after 6 months. A decrease in average size of crystals in BCP ceramics and an increase in the size of microporosities in the surface and at the core of the ceramic after implantation were observed, indicating that in vivo dissolution has taken place. The resorbability (reflecting in vivo dissolution) of BCP ceramics depended on their beta-TCP/HA ratios, the higher the ratio, the greater the resorbability. The formation of microcrystals with crystallographic properties and Ca/P ratio similar to those of bone apatite crystals were also observed. The abundance of these crystals were directly related to the beta-TCP/HA ratio of the BCP ceramic before implantation. The formation of the bone apatite-like crystals may be due to the precipitation of calcium and phosphate ions released from the dissolving ceramic crystals (the beta-TCP component dissolving preferentially to the HA component). Results from this study suggested that one of the means of controlling resorbability (in vivo dissolution) of BCP ceramic is by varying its beta-TCP/HA ratio.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Intra‐Articular Injection Versus Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation as Treatments for Cartilage Pathology: From Early Degeneration to Osteoarthritis (2011)

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Activation of High-<i>T</i><sub>C</sub> Ferromagnetism in Mn<sup>2+</sup>-Doped ZnO using Amines (2005)

We report the discovery that high-TC ferromagnetism in manganese-doped ZnO (Mn2+:ZnO) can be activated by amine binding and calcination. The activation of ferromagnetism is attributed to the incorporation of uncompensated p-type dopants into the ZnO lattice upon amine calcination, a process that has substantial precedence in the literature surrounding p-type ZnO. The experimental observations are consistent with a microscopic mechanism involving formation of bound magnetic polarons upon introduction of p-type dopants into Mn2+:ZnO. These results clearly demonstrate that Mn2+:ZnO ferromagnetism is critically sensitive to defects other than the magnetic dopants themselves, offering some insight into the diversity of experimental observations reported previously for this material.
Optimizing Object-Oriented collection join queries through path traversals (2003)

Path traversals have been recognized as one of the strengths of object-oriented query processing as object retrieval can be carried out through pointer navigation. Apart from path traversals, explicit join between objects is sometimes necessary in Object-Oriented Databases (OODB), due to the absence of pointer connections or the need for value matching between objects. Like in Relational Databases (RDBMS), join operations are still, if not more, expensive in OODB. In this paper, we propose an optimization strategy for object-oriented collection join queries through the use of path traversals. Our performance evaluation shows that optimization of collection join queries gains some performance benefits.
Location estimation in large indoor multi-floor buildings using hybrid networks (2013)

This paper presents results for an approach for indoor location estimation that integrates received signal strength (RSS) data from both WiFi and GSM networks. Previous work has focused on relatively small indoor environments. In many potential applications, getting approximate location information, such as in which room the mobile user is, is adequate. A hierarchical clustering method is used to partition the RSS space. To choose the best transmitters in a partition, we assess the amount of RSS variance that is attributable to different base stations (BSs) or access points (APs) by transforming the RSS tuples into principal components (PCs). This allows us to retain most of the useful information of detectable transmitters in fewer dimensions. In our experiments, we collected WiFi and cellular RSS on the 2nd and 3rd-floor electronic engineering (EE) building in Queen Mary campus. The experiment results show that the proposed method can provide a good accuracy of room prediction, especially when we integrate WiFi RSS with GSM RSS together to do the positioning.