gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressureless all‐solid‐state sodium‐ion battery consisting of sodium iron pyrophosphate glass‐ceramic cathode and β″‐alumina solid electrolyte composite (2019)

Abstract In recent years, the expansion of demand for lithium ion batteries has resulted in soaring prices of the constituent resources. From the viewpoint of safety, studies on all‐solid‐state batteries are actively being carried out. In this study, we succeeded in driving all‐solid‐state batteries derived from nontoxic oxide glasses at room temperature without requiring scarce resources such as lithium and cobalt. The main structure of the ceramic batteries with a simple structure in which Na 2 FeP 2 O 7 crystallized glass and β″‐alumina solid solution are joined by pressureless cofiring at 550°C. During the crystallization of Na 2 O‐Fe 2 O 3 ‐P 2 O 5 glass, fusion with the β″‐alumina solid solution is achieved. Reversible charge and discharge of 80 mAh/g were achieved at room temperature. It is not necessary to apply pressure during cell preparation or the use of the batteries. Furthermore, the strong junction at the cathode and electrolyte interface does not peel off during charge and discharge over a long period of 623 cycles. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed partial Fe 4+ induction and a reversible charge and discharge reaction even after overcharging to 9 V. It was demonstrated that Na 2 FeP 2 O 7 is very stable against overcharging to 9 V.
Identification of Moving Loads from the Response of Simply Supported Beam (1995)

In this paper, the method of the identification of moving loads from beam response is introduced. The effect of test error, loads number, loads interval and speed of moving loads on the identification is discussed. The efficiencies of load identification using different methods are compared
Performance analysis of an efficient multipath delay estimation approach in a CDMA multiuser environment (2002)

In this paper, we introduce an efficient and simple technique for estimating closely-spaced multipath delays in an asynchronous multiuser CDMA systems. The subchip resolution is achieved via a nonlinear quadratic operator called Teager-Kaiser operator, which exploits the structure of the cross-correlation function between the received signal and the reference code. Simulation results in the presence of multiple interfering users and Rayleigh fading multipath channels are presented. It is shown that the proposed technique is near-far resistant, and its performance in the presence of closely spaced multipaths is much better compared to the peak tracking with subtraction method. Moreover, it has the advantage of a very simple implementation, compared to other maximum likelihood approaches.
Applicability of Software Validation Techniques to Scientific Programs (1980)

Error analysis involves the examination of a collection of programs whose errors are known. Each error is analyzed and validation techniques which would discover the error are identified. The errors that were present in version five of a package of Fortran scientific subroutines and then later corrected in version six were analyzed. An integrated collection of static and dynamic analysis methods would have discovered the errors in version five before its release. An integrated approach to validation and the effectiveness of individual methods are discussed.
Computations of fully nonlinear three-dimensional wave–wave and wave–body interactions. Part 2. Nonlinear waves and forces on a body (2001)

The mixed-Eulerian–Lagrangian method using high-order boundary elements, described in Xue et al . (2001) for the simulation of fully nonlinear three-dimensional wave–wave and wave–body interactions, is here extended and applied to the study of two nonlinear three-dimensional wave–body problems: ( a ) the development of bow waves on an advancing ship; and ( b ) the steep wave diffraction and nonlinear high-harmonic loads on a surface-piercing vertical cylinder. For ( a ), we obtain convergent steady-state bow wave profiles for a flared wedge, and the Wigley and Series 60 hulls. We compare our predictions with experimental measurements and find good agreement. It is shown that upstream influence, typically not accounted for in quasi-two-dimensional theory, plays an important role in bow wave prediction even for fine bows. For ( b ), the primary interest is in the higher-harmonic ‘ringing’ excitations observed and quantified in experiments. From simulations, we obtain fully nonlinear steady-state force histories on the cylinder in incident Stokes waves. Fourier analysis of such histories provides accurate predictions of harmonic loads for which excellent comparisons to experiments are obtained even at third order. This confirms that ‘ringing’ excitations are directly a result of nonlinear wave diffraction.
Multiplex PCR for Enterotoxigenic, Attaching and Effacing, and Shiga Toxin-Producing<i>Escherichia coli</i>Strains from Calves (1998)

A multiplex PCR was developed to identify enterotoxigenic, attaching and effacing, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains by amplifying genes encoding K99 and F41 fimbriae, heat-stable enterotoxin a, intimin, and Shiga toxins 1 and 2. This multiplex PCR was specific and sensitive. It will be useful for identification of E. coli strains which cause diarrhea in calves.
EVALUATION OF AREA-BASED IMAGE MATCHING APPLIED TO DTM GENERATION WITH HIRISE IMAGES (2012)

Abstract. In the generation of Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) from space images area-based image matching techniques are used in most cases; the image matching strategy, though, is to be tailored to the specific mission characteristics. In this paper, a series of tests have been performed with real and synthetic space images to study the performance of our implementation of the Least Squares Matching algorithm. To this aim, patches extracted from a pair of Hirise images were processed with our DTM generation software Dense Matcher (DM) as well as with Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP) and the results compared to a reference DTM; moreover, synthetic images, generated from the reference DTM and overlaid with artificial texture ideal for image matching, were processed as well, to discriminate the influence of texture and surface topography on the DTM accuracy. With real images, both software show RMSE ranging from 15 to 38 cm; with synthetic images, processed only with DM, RMSE ranges from 12 to 18 cm.
Complement in skin diseases. (2011)

Complement is one of the most important mechanisms of natural resistance preventing infections in humans and animals. It is actively involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including skin diseases, characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, foreign microorganisms, altered tissue cells, and the presence of mannan. Complement is intended to kill invading microorganisms but it can also destroy the organism's own damaged or altered cells. It is characterized by vigorous activity and is also potentially harmful for the host if triggered in its own body. This review discusses the significance of complement activation for emerging skin diseases and highlights the importance of serological laboratory tests for the detection of complement system activity alterations in skin diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, herpes gestationis, dermatitis herpetiformis, porphyria, urticaria, angioedema, cutaneous vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, partial lipodystrophy, lichen planus, xeroderma pigmentosum, psoriasis, and recurrent cutaneous infections. Finally, we draw attention to the current potential for treating these diseases with complement inhibitors.
Design and Architecture of Hardware-based Random Function Security Primitives (2017)

In recent years, security has grown into a critical issue in modern information systems. Electronic hardware security, in particular, has emerged as one of the most serious challenges due to electronic devices penetrating every aspect of our society. Furthermore, due to the trend in globalization, system integrators have had to deal with integrated circuit (IC)/intellectual property (IP) counterfeiting more than ever. These counterfeit hardware issues counterfeit hardware that have driven the need for more secure chip authentication, since traditional ID or key storage have been demonstrated to be vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. In addition, due to the need for highly secure electronic information systems, almost every important and valuable document or piece of data is stored/transferred in some type of encrypted form to prevent attackers from compromising privacy or stealing information for nefarious uses. High entropy random numbers from physical sources are a critical component in authentication and encryption processes within secure systems. Secure encryption is dependent on sources of truly random numbers for generating keys, and there is a need for an on chip random number generator to achieve adequate security. Furthermore, the Internet of Things (IoT) adopts a large number of these hardware based security and prevention solutions in order to securely exchange data in resource-efficient manner. Note that due to the nature of IoT systems, these networked devices are particularly vulnerable to attacks that involve physical manipulations. In this work, we have developed several methodologies of hardware based random functions in order to address the issues and enhance the security and trust of ICs. The methodologies proposed in this thesis include: a novel DRAM-based intrinsic Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) for system-level security and authentication along with analysis of the impact of various environmental conditions, particularly silicon aging; a DRAM remanence based True Random Number Generation (TRNG) to produce random sequences with a very low-cost overhead; a DRAM TRNG model using its startup value behavior for creating random bit streams; an efficient power-supply noise based TRNG model for generating an infinite number of random bits which has been evaluated as a cost effective technique; architectures and hardware security solutions for the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. Since IoT devices are heavily resource-constrained, our proposed designs can alleviate the concerns and issues of establishing trustworthy and secure systems in an efficient and low-cost manner.
Dual Surface‐Functionalized Janus Nanocomposites of Polystyrene/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> for Simultaneous Tumor Cell Targeting and Stimulus‐Induced Drug Release (2013)

Folic acid (FA) and doxorubicin (DOX) are coupled separately onto Fe3O4@SiO2 and polystyrene surfaces of a unique polystyrene/Fe3O4@SiO2 Janus structure. This super-paramagnetic, dual-functionalized Janus nanocomposite enables effective tumor cell targeting and internalization via the folate receptor, and induces significant cancer cell death by controlled, stimulus-induced drug release under acidic conditions in endosomal compartments. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Wedge‐Shaped ultrathin polyacrylamide and agarose gels for isoelectric focusing: A new method for typing phosphoglucomutase (PGM<sub>1</sub>) in semen stains and vaginal swabs (1985)

Abstract A modified method of ultrathin‐layer isoelectric focusing is described. The method allows subtyping of phosphoglucomutase even in samples containing considerable amounts of salts and proteins without pretreatment. Wedge‐shaped polyacrylamide or agarose gels varying in thickness from 50 μm (cathode) to 300 μm (anode) are used. If the right pH gradient is chosen the isoenzymes will focus near the cathode where the gel is ultrathin. The sample is applied anodally where the gel is thickest and the capacity therefore high. Thus the effect of salts and proteins on the pH gradient is diminished. Comparative tests have shown that this method is superior to the conventional techniques using gels with a uniform thickness of 100 μm.
Fracture behavior of crumb rubber‐filled elastomers (1999)

The fracture behavior of a crumb rubber-filled elastomer was observed in optical micrographs. It was found that the failure started from the surface of the unfilled samples. The failure, however, started from a cavity around a crumb in the crumb-filled samples. This paper suggests that the failure mechanism in the crumb-filled elastomers (NR, NBR) was based on the microscopic observation of highly strained samples. This paper also considers the failure behavior of two-component systems: NR/NBR, SBR/NR, and NR/SBR. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3137–3144, 1999
Bandwidth requirements for fine resolution squinted SAR (2000)

The conventional rule-of-thumb for Synthetic Aperture Radar is that an RF bandwidth of c/(2{rho}{sub r}) is required to image a scene at the desired slant-range resolution {rho}{sub r}, and perhaps a little more to account for window functions and sidelobe control. This formulation is based on the notion that the total bandwidth required is the same bandwidth that is required for a single pulse. What is neglected is that efficient processing of an entire synthetic aperture of pulses will often require different frequency content for each of the different pulses that makeup a synthetic aperture. Consequently, the total RF bandwidth required of a Synthetic Aperture Radar may then be substantially wider than the bandwidth of any single pulse. The actual RF bandwidth required depends strongly on flight geometry, owing to the desire for a radar to maintain a constant projection of the Fourier space collection surface onto the {omega}{sub y} axis. Long apertures required for fine azimuth resolution, and severe squint angles with steep depression angles may require total RF bandwidths well beyond the minimum bandwidth required of any single transmitted pulse, perhaps even by a factor of two or more. Accounting for this is crucial to designing efficient versatile high-performance imaging radars. This paper addresses how a data set conducive to efficient processing might increase the total RF bandwidth, and presents examples of how a fixed RF bandwidth might then limit SAR geometries.
<i>Lycium barbarum</i> polysaccharide protects human keratinocytes against UVB-induced photo-damage (2017)

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation plays a key role in skin damage, which induces oxidative and inflammatory damages, thereby causing photoaging or photocarcinogenesis. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), the most biologically active fraction of wolfberry, possesses significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on multiple tissues. In the present study, the photoprotective effects and potential underlying molecular mechanisms of LBP against UVB-induced photo-damage were investigated in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). The data indicated that pretreatment with LBP significantly attenuated UVB-induced decrease in cell viability, increase in ROS production and DNA damage. LBP also significantly suppressed UVB-induced p38 MAPK activation, and subsequently reversed caspase-3 activation and MMP-9 expression. Notably, LBP was found to induce Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increase the expression of Nrf2-dependent ARE target genes. Furthermore, the protective effects of LBP were abolished by siRNA-mediated Nrf2 silencing. These results showed that the antioxidant LBP could partially protect against UVB irradiation-induced photo-damage through activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway, thereby scavenging ROS and reducing DNA damage, and subsequently suppressing UVB-induced p38 MAP pathway. Thus, LBP can be potentially used for skincare against oxidative damage from environmental insults.
High performance class-D amplifiers (2007)

Owing to its high efficiency, class-D amplifiers play important roles in audio applications. The main focus of this dissertation is to propose a high performance digital input class-D amplifier Integrated Circuit (IC) that satisfies following criteria: \n \n 1.Linearity of the output signal in the audio band to avoid harmonic distortion. \n 2.High timing accuracy for the switching-points of the pulses to give a precise representation of the input level in the mean value of the pulses.\n 3.Stable power supply for the switching levels. Variations in the switching levels lead to distortions and further modulation products.\n 4.Sharp edges to create a nearly ideal rectangular form of the pulses.\n 5.Feedback from the output to cancel errors produced by the power circuitry.\n 6.Reduced electromagnetic interference.\n \n Three different architectures of class-D amplifier have been proposed as the part of this work, and their theoretical verification is done by system-level simulations. The output stage in all of them is driven by Sigma-Delta Modulation (SDM). The first one consists of a delay-line analog-to-digital converter in the feedback. The second architecture achieves the feedback using continuous-time SDM. The third structure does not employ the feedback but suppresses the noise using multi-level output stage. System-level simulations are carried out using MATLAB and SIMULINK. The structures are then taken through the schematic design and layout using the CADENCE design suite. The first design is fabricated through the MOSIS design foundry. The fabricated device is then tested using custom made test PCB and the results of the testing are analyzed.
High-Performance Normally Off p-GaN Gate HEMT With Composite AlN/Al<sub>0.17</sub>Ga<sub>0.83</sub>N/Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ga<sub>0.7</sub>N Barrier Layers Design (2018)

In this paper, a novel normally off p-gallium nitride (GaN) gate high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with composite AlN/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.17</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.83</sub> N/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> N barrier layers is proposed. Compared to the standard (STD) p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure, the composite barriers (CB) with AlN etchstop layer can effectively improve the uniformity of the device threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ) and reduce the leakage current. The CB p-GaN gate HEMT achieved a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> of 1.7 ± 0.06 V; this value was 2.1 ± 0.2 V for STD HEMT. In addition, the off-state drain leakage current was suppressed one order of magnitude by adopting a composite barrier design.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Membranes for Electrochemical Systems: (I) Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Systems (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MoTe2 Thin Films Synthesized by Solid State Reactions between Mo and Te Thin Films (1992)

MoTe2 layers are obtained by solid state reactions – induced by annealing – between the Mo and Te constituents in the form of thin films, sequentially deposited (Mo/Te/…/Mo). The films are investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical absorption, and electrical resistivity measurements. It is found that the films are nearly stoichiometric although there is Te deficiency. MoTe2 in hexagonal form is obtained by annealing for 24 h at 823 K. The films are well crystallized. The c-axis of the crystallites is perpendicular to the plane of the glass substrate. The surface of the films is smooth and their optical properties are in good agreement with those of the single crystals. Electrical properties are discussed in terms of an Mo excess segregation at the grain boundary. Après dépôt par évaporation de fines couches superposées de molybdène et de tellure (Mo/Te/…/Mo), un recuit de ces structures permet l'obtention de couches minces de MoTe2. Les couches ont été caractérisées par diffraction de rayons X, spectroscopie de photoélectrons (XPS), microscopie électronique à balayage et à transmission (MEB, MET), absorption optique et par étude de l'évolution de leur résistivité en fonction de la température. On montre que les couches sont proches de la stoechiométrie, quoiqu'elles soient légèrement déficitaire en tellure. Les couches cristallisent, par recuit de 24 h à 823 K, dans la structure hexagonale attendue. Dans le cas de dépôts sur verre les cristallites sont orientés de telle façon que leur axe-c soit perpendiculaire au plan du substrat. La surface des couches est lisse et leurs propriétés optiques sont en bon accord avec celles des monocristaux. Les propriétés électriques sont interprétées en supposant qu'il y a accumulation de l'excès de molybdène au niveau des joints de grains.
A Double Residue Substitution in the Coenzyme-binding Site Accounts for the Different Kinetic Properties between Yeast and Human Formaldehyde Dehydrogenases (1999)

Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) is the main enzymatic system for formaldehyde detoxification in all eukaryotic and many prokaryotic organisms. The enzyme of yeasts and some bacteria exhibits about 10-fold higher k(cat) and K(m) values than those of the enzyme from animals and plants. Typically Thr-269 and Glu-267 are found in the coenzyme-binding site of yeast FALDH, but Ile-269 and Asp-267 are present in the FALDH of animals. By site-directed mutagenesis we have prepared the T269I and the D267E mutants and the D267E/T269I double mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FALDH with the aim of investigating the role of these residues in the kinetics. The T269I and the D267E mutants have identical kinetic properties as compared with the wild-type enzyme, although T269I is highly unstable. In contrast, the D267E/T269I double mutant is stable and shows low K(m) (2.5 microM) and low k(cat) (285 min(-1)) values with S-hydroxymethylglutathione, similar to those of the human enzyme. Therefore, the simultaneous exchange at both residues is the structural basis of the two distinct FALDH kinetic types. The local structural perturbations imposed by the substitutions are suggested by molecular modeling studies. Finally, we have studied the effect of FALDH deletion and overexpression on the growth of S. cerevisiae. It is concluded that the FALDH gene is not essential but enhances the resistance against formaldehyde (0.3-1 mM). Moreover, the wild-type enzyme (with high k(cat) and K(m)) provides more resistance than the double mutant (with low k(cat) and K(m)).
Indenone Derivatives:  A Novel Template for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Agonists (2006)

Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) are of interest as a treatment for diabetes, which prompted the identification of a new class of non-TZD PPAR gamma agonist. Moreover, compound 14c has displayed the most active agonistic activity with an EC50 value of 50 nM, in addition to exhibiting a new binding mode in the X-ray cocrystal structure.