gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current Status of Neuroprotection for Cerebral Ischemia (2008)

Abundant preclinical studies have identified multiple mechanisms of ischemic brain injury and have provided proof of principle that strategies designed to counter these mechanisms can protect the ischemic brain. This review article emphasizes the translation of these strategies from the laboratory to clinical trials. It is a disappointing fact that many agents have been brought to clinical trial despite only modest or inconsistent preclinical evidence of neuroprotective efficacy. Preclinical investigations require rigorous attention to a variety of variables that may influence outcome. The widely touted STAIR criteria represent constructive guidelines for preclinical testing but, as experience has shown, do not increase the likelihood of translational success. Of the approximately 160 clinical trials of neuroprotection for ischemic stroke conducted as of late 2007, only approximately 40 represent larger-phase completed trials, and fully one half of the latter utilized a window to treatment of >6 hours, despite strong preclinical evidence that this delay exceeds the likely therapeutic window of efficacy in acute stroke. Other shortcomings of these trials include the use of agents lacking robust, consistent preclinical efficacy; inability to achieve adequate dosing in humans; and suboptimal clinical and statistical design features. Taken together, these factors identify areas of needed improvement for future trials.
Chemoselective Ligation Applied to the Synthesis of a Biantennary <i>N</i>-Linked Glycoform of CD52 (2003)

We report here a strategy for the synthesis of N-linked glycopeptide analogues that replace the glycosidic linkages extending from the core pentasaccharide with thioethers amenable to construction by chemoselective ligation. The key building block, a pentasaccharide-Asn analogue containing two thiol residues, was incorporated into CD52 by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. An undecasaccharide mimetic was then readily generated by alkylation of this glycopeptide with an N-bromoacetamido trisaccharide. The rapid assembly of a complex type N-linked glycopeptide mimetic was accomplished using this technique.
An Adaptive Search Algorithm Based on Block Classification for Fast Block Motion Estimation (2006)

This paper presents a new motion estimation algorithm, called the adaptive motion estimation (AME). The AME algorithm exploits the information gathered from the previous frame to derive a parameter, called CF (correlation parameter), and employs CF to classify the blocks in the current frame into potentially dependent blocks and potentially independent blocks. AME applies different motion estimation methods for potentially dependent blocks and potentially independent blocks to achieve better estimation accuracy and lower computational complexity. Simulation results showed that the proposed AME algorithm has both lower computational complexity and higher PSNR than other motion estimation algorithms, such as three-step search (TSS), new three-step search (NTSS), four-step search (4SS), and the NPSA (new predictive search area) algorithm.
A phase I trial of amifostine (WR-2721) and melphalan in children with refractory cancer. (1995)

Melphalan has a steep dose-response curve, but the use of high doses results in unacceptable myelosuppression. Strategies to circumvent this dose-limiting myelosuppression would allow for the administration of higher, more effective doses of melphalan. Amifostine (WR-2721) has been shown in preclinical studies to protect the bone marrow from the myelotoxicity of melphalan, and in clinical trials, to protect from the myelotoxicity of other alkylating agents. A Phase I trial of the combination of amifostine and melphalan was performed in children with refractory cancers to: (a) define the acute toxicities of amifostine and its maximum tolerated dose (MTD); and (b) to determine whether the dose of melphalan could be safely escalated when administered in combination with amifostine. Amifostine was administered i.v. as a 15-min infusion 30 min before melphalan. The starting dose of amifostine was 750 mg/m2, with planned dose escalations in 30% increments. Melphalan was administered as a 5-min infusion using the previously defined MTD in heavily pretreated patients, 35 mg/m2, as the starting dose. The dose of melphalan was escalated by 30% increments. Nineteen patients, ranging in age from 3 to 24 years (median, 15 years), were entered on trial. The dose of amifostine was escalated to 2700 mg/m2, which is approximately 3-fold higher than the adult recommended dose, without reaching a MTD. Fifteen patients experienced nondose-limiting (< 25%), transient decreases in blood pressure after the amifostine infusion. Other nondose-limiting toxicities of amifostine included mild nausea and vomiting, flushing, anxiety, diarrhea, and urinary retention. Six patients, three each at the 2100 and 2700 mg/m2 amifostine dose levels were treated with an escalated dose of melphalan (45 mg/m2). All of these patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia (< 500/mm3), and five of six patients had grade 4 thrombocytopenia. The duration of this dose-limiting myelosuppression exceeded 7 days in four of six patients. Although no dose-limiting (grade 3 or 4) toxicity was attributed to amifostine, significant anxiety and reversible urinary retention occurred at the two highest amifostine dose levels. A dose of 1650 mg/m2 for pediatric Phase II trials is recommended. High doses of amifostine, however, do not appear to allow for escalation of melphalan beyond its single agent MTD of 35 mg/m2.
Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in human pancreatic cancer (2003)

Carbonic anhydrase IX expression is observed in both ductal epithelial and cancer cells of the pancreas. Although the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in pancreatic cancer is not associated with angiogenesis or advanced disease, it may well be a target for carbo-anhydrase inhibitors in a subset of pancreatic cancers.
One-Step Synthesis of Low Molecular Weight Poly(<i>p</i>-phenyleneethynylenevinylene)s via Polyaddition of Aromatic Diynes by Catalysis of the [Ru(<i>p</i>-cymene)Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>/AcOH System (2008)

pi-Conjugated low molecular weight polymers characterized by regio- and stereoregular alternation of phenylene and ( E)-1-en-3-yne moieties have been synthesized by polyaddition of 1,4-diethynylbenzene or of 2,5-diethynyl-1,4-alkoxybenzene monomers, employing the commercially available di-micro-chlorobis[( p-cymene)chlororuthenium(II)] complex as the metal catalyst source, under homogeneous, atom-economical, amine- and phosphine-free conditions. Bulk materials of poly( p-phenyleneethynylenevinylene) derivatives are obtained with yields larger than 80%, from which polymers readily soluble in chlorinated solvents and in tetrahydrofuran are extracted in 60-75% yields. The polymers with average degrees of polymerization in the range n AV = 4-8 display optical properties in solution similar to those of the higher molecular weights analogues.
Planar optics enables chromatic aberration correction in immersive near-eye displays (2020)

We demonstrate an optical chromatic aberration correction method for virtual reality (VR) displays using cost-efficient flat optics. The fabricated ultra-broadband liquid crystal thin-film polymer lens is based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and manifests over 97% first-order diffraction efficiency over the display spectrum. By cascading the fabricated polymer lens with the conventional Fresnel VR lens, the lateral color breakup in the near-eye display system can be reduced by more than 10 times. Both optical designs and experimental results are presented and discussed.
High‐Affinity “Click” RGD Peptidomimetics as Radiolabeled Probes for Imaging α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Integrin (2017)

Nonpeptidic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-mimic ligands were designed and synthesized by click chemistry between an arginine-azide mimic and an aspartic acid-alkyne mimic. Some of these molecules combine excellent in vitro properties (high α<sub>v</sub> β<sub>3</sub> affinity, selectivity, drug-like logD, high metabolic stability) with a variety of radiolabeling options (e.g., tritium and fluorine-18, plus compatibility with radio-iodination), not requiring the use of chelators or prosthetic groups. The binding mode of the resulting triazole RGD mimics to α<sub>v</sub> β<sub>3</sub> or α<sub>IIb</sub> β<sub>3</sub> receptors was investigated by molecular modeling simulations. Lead compound 12 was successfully radiofluorinated and used for in vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) studies in U87 tumor models, which showed only modest tumor uptake and retention, owing to rapid excretion. These results demonstrate that the novel click RGD mimics are excellent radiolabeled probes for in vitro and cell-based studies on α<sub>v</sub> β<sub>3</sub> integrin, whereas further optimization of their pharmacokinetic and dynamic profiles is necessary for successful use in in vivo imaging.
[The effect of selenium and vitamin E on the healing process of experimental corneal lesions in the eye of the rabbit]. (1998)

Solution used in our study was tolerated very well. Faster healing process was noticed in eyes where antioxidants were used.
Real-Time Model-Based Fault Detection of Continuous Glucose Sensor Measurements (2016)

The proposed fault detection algorithm can decrease the effects of faults on insulin infusion rates and reduce the potential for hypo- or hyperglycemia for patients with T1D.
Generation of near-infrared frequency combs from a MgF_2 whispering gallery mode resonator (2011)

We report on generation of a 20 nm wide, 35 GHz repetition rate optical frequency comb in a magnesium fluoride whispering gallery mode resonator pumped with 2 mW of 1543 nm light. The high efficiency of comb generation is associated with the small anomalous group velocity dispersion of the resonator. Growth dynamics of the comb is studied and compared with earlier theoretical predictions.
Attempted Modulation of Disulfide Antitumor Activity in Balb/c Mice through Glutathione Depletion (1989)

We investigated the effects of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-mediated glutathione (GSH) depletion on the antitumor activity in Balb/c mice produced by four disulfide derivatives of 6-TG and 6-MP. Initial studies indicated that 14 h after BSO (5 mmol/kg) injections, tumor GSH levels were maximally depleted, while normal tissue GSH levels had returned to near control levels. Tumor growth delays and growth rates were compared for groups of animals receiving disulfides I–IV with and without BSO administration 14 h previous. Treatments with BSO alone produced no delay or growth rate differences from the control. Compounds II or III administered in the presence and absence of BSO also produced no delay or growth rate differences from control. Compound I (10 mg/kg) alone showed a delay of 5.2 days and a growth rate significantly slower than that of control (p = 0.05). In combination with BSO the effects were not enhanced. Compound IV (50 mg/kg) also produced delays in 2 separate trials (3.1 and 4.8 days) and significantly slower growth rates on each occasion compared to the control (p = 0.05). The growth rates were not significantly lowered in the presence of BSO. Administration of two doses of IV, 4 days apart, produced a delay (4.9 days) similar to that seen with a single dose. It produced 2 cures and was also more toxic, causing 3 deaths. Two doses of IV in combination with BSO pretreatment had a greater delay (16.0 days) and a significantly longer growth rate (p = 0.05) than two doses of IV alone. This treatment produced 1 cure, but also increased the number of deaths to 5/8. 6-TG (50 mg/kg) produced a delay of 11.8 days which was not enhanced with BSO. If compared to that of IV, on an equimolar ratio the delay produced by 6-TG was equivalent. BSO pretreatment, in general, was more toxic than drug alone and provided enhancement of antitumor activity only with the double dose of compound IV (50 mg/kg).
3~5 GHz Cascoded UWB Power Amplifier (2006)

In this paper, a two-stage cascaded power amplifier (PA), which consists of cascode topology, for ultrawideband (UWB) systems operating in the 3.1-4.8 GHz frequency range is presented. The shunt-shunt feedback is used to arrive at wideband matching. A three-section ladder output network is exploited to achieve excellent output match in a wideband fashion and to optimize the power performance. The PA is implemented by TSMC 0.18mm mixed signal/RF process. The measured results show the following performance: S21 of 20.7-dB, more than 10-dB input and output return loss, 5.8% maximum power-added-efficiency and 2.57dBm output P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> with 15.57dB power gain at 3GHz
The equivalence of quasistatic flow in fluid-saturated porous media and Biot’s slow wave in the limit of zero frequency (1981)

We have established in a simple and straightforward fashion that the analysis of quasistatic flow in fluid-saturated porous media due to Rice and Cleary is derivable from the low-frequency limit of Biot’s slow compressional/diffusive mode. The single material parameter of the problem, the diffusivity, is simply related to the bulk and shear moduli and permeability of the skeletal frame and to the viscous and elastic properties of the constitutive media. Since this common theory treats fluid and solid displacements on an equal footing, it is the most general linearized description of the problem; other treatments are special cases. These latter include the rigid frame approximation used in the petroleum industry and the weak frame approximation used by De Gennes to describe the motion of polymer gels.
Copper doping of silicate glasses by the ion-exchange technique: A photoluminescence spectroscopy study (2002)

Copper–alkali ion exchange is used for doping superficial layers of different silicate glasses (commercial soda-lime and BK7) with copper ions. Spectroscopic and time-resolved photoluminescence properties of the obtained systems are studied in the range of 80–294 K. Analysis indicates the presence of Cu+ ions located in distorted octahedral sites, and a different position of the triplet electronic levels for the two glass matrices. The luminescence decay-time signal is simulated by a biexponential behavior, interpreted on the basis of a four-level scheme.
Design and testing of a 50N hydrogen peroxide monopropellant rocket thruster (2011)

Among research and development activities concerning the monopropellant thrusters are on the safe handling of the propellant and the environmental issue rises from the toxicity of the combustion products. The development of the “green” propellant was a reaction toward controlling the release of toxic combustion products. Using the hydrogen peroxide as the monopropellant and silver screen as the catalyst to enhance the performance of thruster, oxygen and superheated steams are the only combustion products produced. The non-toxic hydrogen peroxide on its own is very stable at room temperature and with the non-toxic combustion products qualify it as green propellant. The results show that the output from decomposition process produces no other toxic materials. Thrusters of 50N thrust or below can be used in satellite application and the problem is to develop this thruster using Hydrogen Peroxide monopropellant. This paper presents the chemical equation of the silver-catalyst chemical decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide and the design of 50N hydrogen peroxide monopropellant rocket thruster. The provision for varying injector orifice diameter was also incorporated in the design. The test results of rocket thruster using hydrogen peroxide of concentration above 90% are presented. The results indicate that for the successful operation of rocket thruster, the catalyst pack should be heated above 100oC and high purity hydrogen peroxide should be used.
Wireless Power Transfer for Mobile Applications, and Health Effects [Telecommunications Health and Safety] (2013)

Recent interest and current optimism regarding battery-charging wireless power-transfer technology are driven by the ubiquity of cell phones and other mobile communication devices. In some ways, this is to make a dream come true: a truly wireless mobile or portable communication device, completely free from being tethered in any way. The concept of wireless power transfer is not new, even for charging batteries. Cellular service users and customers may be annoyed by or do not want to be bothered with having to plug the mobile device into an electrical outlet. If this is true - as appears to be the case - then time may well provide a fix to the grief. Aside from not having to plug in the mobile phone or laptop, a more probable cause for the sudden interest in battery charging through wireless power transfer may come from the potential for mobile communication devices to get their electrical power the same way they get their data. Unlike wireless communication uses, the level of transmitted electromagnetic power required for large-scale or commercial implementation of wireless power transfer could be substantial. A key feature of the system design and research effort should be consideration of biological effects and human safety.
Magnetic phase transitions in bechgaard salts and related compounds: Electronic localisation and interchain couplings (1991)

Abstract The physical properties of Bechgaard salts and related compounds are quickly described when an electronic localisation is present. In this case, the low-temperature ground state results in a competition between two instabilities: a Spin-Peierls distortion and an antiferromagnetic ordering. 1D theory results are compared with experimental data to show that the electronic localisation is not the only relevant parameter which drives this competition. The need for a quasi-1D theory is demonstrated with the introduction of relevant interchain couplings. The nature of these couplings is discussed to show that the Spin-Peierls ground state does not appear frequently, in agreement with experiment.
Biophysical studies and intracellular destabilization of pH‐sensitive liposomes (2000)

Abstract We examined changes in membrane properties upon acidification of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterylhemisuccinate liposomes and evaluated their potential to deliver entrapped tracers in cultured macrophages. Membrane permeability was determined by the release of entrapped calcein or hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (HPTS)‐ p ‐xylene‐bis‐pyridinium bromide (DPX); membrane fusion, by measuring the change in size of the liposomes and the dequenching of octadecylrhodamine‐B fluorescence; and change in lipid organization, by 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Measurement of cell‐associated fluorescence and confocal microscopy examination were made on cells incubated with liposomes loaded with HPTS or HPTS‐DPX. The biophysical studies showed (i) a lipid reorganization from bilayer to hexagonal phase progressing from pH 8.0 to 5.0, (ii) a membrane permeabilization for pH<6.5, (iii) an increase in the mean diameter of liposomes for pH<6.0, and (iv) a mixing of liposome membranes for pH<5.7. The cellular studies showed (i) an uptake of the liposomes that were brought from pH 7.5–7.0 to 6.5–6.0 and (ii) a release of ∼15% of the endocytosed marker associated with its partial release from the vesicles (diffuse localization). We conclude that the permeabilization and fusion of pH‐sensitive liposomes occur as a consequence of a progressive lipid reorganization upon acidification. These changes may develop intracellular after phagocytosis and allow for the release of the liposome content in endosomes associated with a redistribution in the cytosol.
Origin of RHEED intensity oscillations during the growth of (Y,Dy)<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films (1994)

We propose a mechanism for the origin of RHEED intensity oscillations during the growth of (Y,Dy)${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ thin films. Surface relaxation and RHEED intensity recovery observed during the growth of these materials are ascribed predominantly to the diffusion of already formed (Y,Dy)${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ units rather than to the chemical reaction of the constituents to form a unit cell. The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing the surface step densities determined from results of Monte Carlo simulations with RHEED intensity oscillations observed during pulsed laser deposition.
중국(中國) 대학(大學)스포츠의 현상(現狀) 및 법정책적(法政策的) 과제(課題) -경기(競技)스포츠를 중심(中心)으로- (2014)

대학의 경기스포츠란 대학에서 스포츠를 특기로 하거나 스포츠에 취미를 갖고 있는 학생선수를 모집하여 그들의 경기수준을 향상시킴으로써 학교간의 스포츠경기에 참가하는 것을 주요방식으로 우수한 경기성적을 이룩하는 일종 교육과정을 가리킨다. 중국은 1986년에 대학의 경기스포츠를 전개한 이래, 대학들이 힉생선수를 양성하는 면에서 일정한 성과를 거두었지만 아직도 적지 않은 문제들이 존재하고 있다. 예컨대, 경비의 내원이 제한되어 있고 선수의 모집경로가 협소하며, 대학스포츠경기체제가 뒤떨어져 있고 대학스포츠관리조직의 효율성이 낮은 등이다. 따라서 본문은 최근 20년간 중국의 대학들이 높은 수준의 선수를 양성하는 과정에서 얻은 경험과 존재하는 문제점들에 대하여 총결하고 검토하였고 이 기초위에서 국제적으로 대학경기스포츠의 발전수준이 높은 국가들의 경험을 참조하여 중국의 대학스포츠의 미래발전을 위해 새로운 발전방향을 제시하였다. 번영하는 대학스포츠는 가늠하기 어려운 가치를 가진 국가적인 자산이라고 생각한다. 중국 대학스포츠, 특히 현대적 대학경기스포츠는 그 발전기간이 비교적 짧아 필연적으로 여러 가지 문제들이 많이 존재한다. 따라서 응당 대학스포츠의 사회화, 시장화, 법제화, 경기수준의 선진화를 기본목표로 하여 기존의 대학경기스포츠의 발전과정에서 발생한 문제점들을 충분히 총결하고 검토한 기초위에서 선진국의 대학스포츠발전에 있어서의 우수한 경험을 참조하여 대학스포츠의 법정책체계를 구축 및 개선하고 대학스포츠의 관리체제, 경기체제, 경비조달체제를 개선하며 이념의 혁신을 강조하고 학생선수들의 합법적인 권리를 보장함으로써 중국 대학스포츠의 지속적인 발전을 촉진하고 학생, 대학, 국가, 사회의 전면적인 진보를 추구해야 한다.
Constituents of the Leaves of<i>Macaranga</i><i>t</i><i>anarius</i> (2005)

From the leaves of Macaranga tanarius, three new constituents, tanarifuranonol (1), tanariflavanone C (2), and tanariflavanone D (3), together with seven known compounds, were isolated and identified. Substances obtained in this investigation were evaluated against a panel of bioassays.
3GPP QoS-based scheduling framework for LTE (2016)

This paper proposes the design of a scheduling framework for the downlink of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system with the objective of meeting the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements as defined by the QoS architecture of the 3G Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications. We carry out a thorough review of 3GPP specifications analyzing the requirements of the 3GPP QoS architecture. LTE bearers may be associated with a Guaranteed Bit Rate (i.e., GBR bearers) or not (i.e., non-GBR bearers). Additionally, the specifications establish a Packet Delay Budget (PDB) to limit the maximum packet transfer delay. To achieve our goal, we design a channel-aware service discipline for GBR bearers which is able to fulfill not only the GBR but also the PDB. Additionally, we also design an algorithm for prioritizing GBR and non-GBR bearers from different QoS Class Identifiers (QCIs) following 3GPP QoS rules. We compare the proposed framework with two reference schedulers by means of network-level simulations. The results will show the ability of the proposed framework to address the QoS requirements from 3GPP specifications while providing an interesting performance from a spectral efficiency viewpoint.