gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of Arabidopsis thaliana Roots with Altered Lipid Transfer Protein (LTP) Gene Expression to the Clubroot Disease and Salt Stress (2015)

The clubroot disease of Brassicaceae is caused by the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae. The disease is characterized by abnormal tumorous swellings of infected roots that result in reduced drought resistance and insufficient distribution of nutrients, leading to reduced crop yield. It is one of the most damaging diseases among cruciferous crops worldwide. The acquisition of nutrients by the protist is not well understood. Gene expression profiles in Arabidopsis thaliana clubroots indicate that lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) could be involved in disease development or at least in adaptation to the disease symptoms. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the role of some, of the still enigmatic LTPs during clubroot development. For a functional approach, we have generated transgenic plants that overexpress LTP genes in a root specific manner or show reduced LTP gene expression. Our results showed that overexpression of some of the LTP genes resulted in reduced disease severity whereas the lipid content in clubs of LTP mutants seems to be unaffected. Additional studies indicate a role for some LTPs during salt stress conditions in roots of A. thaliana.
A case study of T-beams with hybrid section shear characteristics of reactive powder concrete (2023)

Abstract As an extension of recent developments in concrete understanding, an extensive study is currently being conducted on the structural performance of reactive powder concrete (RPC). This article guides how to investigate the shear behavior of RPC T-beams and calculate their ultimate and breaking shear capacities. The mechanical features of this construction material and approach to revising the reactive powder shear hybrid segment T-beams are cast-off in this motion and are investigated in this experimental study. To evaluate the effects of volumetric ratio of steel fibers, silica fume ratio, and tensile steel ratio, introductory section on the effectiveness of T-beam shearing reactive powder, the program of experimentation involved trying four beams. The research aimed to determine the deflection conduct of the load, downtime approach, strain amount over the beams’ depth, and failure form of cracks. In examining reaction powder’s mechanical characteristics mixtures, steel fiber volumetric ratio and silica fume volumetric ratio were also studied. Furthermore, a hybrid beam study revealed that by using reactive powder web and regular concrete in flange effectively, T-beam concert is enhanced when associated with normal concrete T-beams by 12%. Hybrid beams have also revealed that using reactive powder flange and usual concrete in a web effectively advances the show of T-beams when associated with standard concrete T-beams by 28%.
Photoreactions in detergent solutions. Enhancement of regioselectivity resulting from the reduced dimensionality of substrates sequestered in a micelle (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreactions in detergent solutions. Enhancement of regioselectivity resulting from the reduced dimensionality of substrates sequestered in a micelleNicholas J. Turro and William R. CherryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 23, 7431–7432Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00491a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00491a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Evaluation of Mechanical Rail Joints (2008)

This article describes a performance evaluation of mechanical, or non-insulated, rail joints in revenue service main lines. Although joint-related accident rates have been falling, better information on the performance of rail joints will help the industry to better allocate resources towards improvement. The authors describe mechanical rail joints and the effects on them generated by railroad car wheels. The authors relate there are about 143,000 joints or 286 joint bars in main line service. Their findings suggest the need for more rigorous modeling and testing to better understand the relationship between load environment and the behavior of the joint bars. They also suggest that joint design should more closely match the life expectancy of the parent rail, and that rail fabricators should work more closely with track engineers to develop a better foundation for the joints.
Very low hysteresis organic thin-film transistors (2009)

Very low hysteresis vanadyl-phthalocyanine/para-sexiphenyl thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated using benzocyclobutenone (BCBO) derivatives/tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5)/BCBO triple gate dielectrics. The field effect mobility, on/off current ratio and threshold voltage of organic TFTs are 0.45 cm2 V−1 s−1, 3.5 × 104 and −6.8 V, respectively. To clarify the mechanism of hysteresis, devices with different dielectrics have been studied. It is found that the bottom BCBO derivatives (contact with a gate electrode) block the electron injection from a gate electrode to dielectrics. The top BCBO derivatives are also found to improve the properties of interface between the dielectrics and organic semiconductor. Then very low hysteresis devices are obtained.
Hydrogen: A Potential New Adjuvant Therapy for COVID-19 Patients (2020)

Hydrogen has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hormone-regulating, and apoptosis-resistance properties, among others. Based on a review of the research, the use of hydrogen might reduce the destructive cytokine storm and lung injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) in the early stage, stimulating ropy sputum drainage, and ultimately reducing the incidence of severe disease. Molecular hydrogen treatment has the potential to become a new adjuvant therapy for COVID-19, but its efficacy and safety require large clinical trials and further confirmation.
Learning: A Challenge for Whom? (2006)

A frightening cultural gap is developing between the teachers and the students as the teachers are not as digitally oriented as the students. Schools need an interactive open-system model, where children are responsible for their own learning with the help of gadgets like the Internet, multi-user virtual environments and mobile wireless devices.
Ring-opening polymerization of y-butyrolactone and its derivatives: A review (2017)

γ-Butyrolactone (γ-BL) derivatives are reviewed from the point of view of their ability to form polymers by ring-opening polymerization. The thermodynamic limitations for polymerization of γ-BL are discussed. Polymerizability of naturally available unsaturated and synthetic functional γ-BL derivatives enabling postfunctionalization of final polyesters is presented. Homopolymerization of γ-BL derivatives with significant effect of the substituent on the γ-BL ring strain is shown.
Modeling Exposure to Persistent Chemicals in Hazard and Risk Assessment (2009)

Fate and exposure modeling has not, thus far, been explicitly used in the risk profile documents prepared for evaluating the significant adverse effect of candidate chemicals for either the Stockholm Convention or the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. However, we believe models have considerable potential to improve the risk profiles. Fate and exposure models are already used routinely in other similar regulatory applications to inform decisions, and they have been instrumental in building our current understanding of the fate of persistent organic pollutants (POP) and persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals in the environment. The goal of this publication is to motivate the use of fate and exposure models in preparing risk profiles in the POP assessment procedure by providing strategies for incorporating and using models. The ways that fate and exposure models can be used to improve and inform the development of risk profiles include 1) benchmarking the ratio of exposure and emissions of candidate chemicals to the same ratio for known POPs, thereby opening the possibility of combining this ratio with the relative emissions and relative toxicity to arrive at a measure of relative risk; 2) directly estimating the exposure of the environment, biota, and humans to provide information to complement measurements or where measurements are not available or are limited; 3) to identify the key processes and chemical or environmental parameters that determine the exposure, thereby allowing the effective prioritization of research or measurements to improve the risk profile; and 4) forecasting future time trends, including how quickly exposure levels in remote areas would respond to reductions in emissions. Currently there is no standardized consensus model for use in the risk profile context. Therefore, to choose the appropriate model the risk profile developer must evaluate how appropriate an existing model is for a specific setting and whether the assumptions and input data are relevant in the context of the application. It is possible to have confidence in the predictions of many of the existing models because of their fundamental physical and chemical, mechanistic underpinnings and the extensive work already done to compare model predictions and empirical observations. The working group recommends that modeling tools be applied for benchmarking PBT and POPs according to exposure-emissions relationships and that modeling tools be used to interpret emissions and monitoring data. The further development of models that combine fate, long-range transport, and bioaccumulation should be fostered, especially models that will allow time trends to be scientifically addressed in the risk profile.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of KZrF5. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis block sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex produced by repeated stress, but not fear-potentiated startle (1998)

1. The effects of lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) on the acquisition of conditioned fear were examined. In Experiment 1, BST lesions did not block acquisition of fear-potentiated startle to an explicit visual conditioned stimulus (CS) over 20 days of training. However, BST lesions blocked a gradual elevation in baseline startle also seen over the course of training. 2. The gradual increase in baseline startle was replicated in Experiment 2 without the presence of an explicit CS, using unoperated subjects. Experiment 2 showed that the elevation was due to repetitive exposure to shock, because unshocked control subjects did not show any elevation over sessions. 3. In Experiment 3, lesions of the BST did not disrupt rapid sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock, showing that different neural substrates underlie sensitization of startle by acute and chronic exposure to footshock. 4. These data indicate that the BST, despite its anatomical continuity with the amygdala, is not critically involved in the acquisition of conditioned fear to an explicit CS. Nevertheless, the BST is involved in mediating a stress-induced elevation in the startle reflex. This suggests that the BST and the CeA, which constitute part of the "extended amygdala" have complementary roles in responses to stress.
MS2 Viruslike Particles: A Robust, Semisynthetic Targeted Drug Delivery Platform (2012)

We show that viruslike particles (VLPs) reassembled in vitro with the RNA bacteriophage MS2 coat protein and an RNA conjugate encompassing a siRNA and a known capsid assembly signal can be targeted to HeLa cells by covalent attachment of human transferrin. The siRNA VLPs protect their cargoes from nuclease, have a double-stranded conformation in the capsid and carry multiple drug and targeting ligands. The relative efficiency of VLP reassembly has been assessed, and conditions have been determined for larger scale production. Targeted VLPs have been purified away from unmodified VLPs for the first time allowing improved analysis of the effects of this synthetic virion system. The particles enter cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis and produce siRNA effects at low nanomolar concentrations. Although less effective than a commercial cationic lipid vector at siRNA delivery, the smaller amounts of internalized RNA with VLP delivery had an effect as good as if not better than the lipid transfection route. This implies that the siRNAs delivered by this route are more accessible to the siRNA pathway than identical RNAs delivered in complex lipid aggregates. The data suggest that the MS2 system continues to show many of the features that will be required to create an effective targeted drug delivery system. The fluorescence assays of siRNA effects described here will facilitate the combinatorial analysis of both future formulations and dosing regimes.
Active Synchronizing Control of a Microgrid (2011)

A microgrid is an aggregation of multiple distributed generators (DGs), such as renewable energy sources, conventional generators, and energy storage systems that provide both electric power and thermal energy. Typically, a microgrid operates in parallel with the main grid. However, there are cases in which a microgrid operates in an islanded mode, or in a disconnected state. Islanded microgrid can change its operational mode to grid-connected operation by reconnection to the grid, which is referred to as synchronization. Generally, a single machine simply synchronizes with the grid using a synchronizer. However, the synchronization of microgrids that operate with multiple DGs and loads cannot be controlled by a traditional synchronizer. It is needed to control multiple generators and energy storage systems in a coordinated way for the microgrid synchronization. This is not a simple problem, considering that a microgrid consists of various power electronics-based DGs as well as alternator-based generators that produce power together. This paper proposes an active synchronizing control scheme that adopts the network-based coordinated control of multiple DGs. From the simulation results using Simulink dynamic models, it is shown that the scheme provides the microgrid with a deterministic and reliable reconnection to the grid. The proposed method is verified by using the test cases with the experimental setup of a practical microgrid pilot plant.
Non-local quantum evolution of entangled ensemble states in neural nets and its significance for brain function and a theory of consciousness (1999)

Current quantum theories of consciousness suggest a configuration space of an entangled ensemble state as global work space for conscious experience. This study will describe a procedure for adjustment of the singlet evolution of a quantum computation to a classical signal input by action potentials. The computational output of an entangled state in a single neuron will be selected in a network environment by "survival of the fittest" coupling with other neurons. Darwinian evolution of this coupling will result in a binding of action potentials to a convoluted orbit of phase-locked oscillations with harmonic, m-adic, or fractal periodicity. Progressive integration of signal inputs will evolve a present memory space independent from the history of construction. Implications for mental processes, e.g., associative memory, creativity, and consciousness will be discussed. A model for the generation of quantum coherence in a single neuron will be suggested.
A gold(<scp>iii</scp>) porphyrin complex as an anti-cancer candidate to inhibit growth of cancer-stem cells (2012)

A cytotoxic gold(III) complex of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin ([Au(TPP)]Cl, denoted gold-1a) blocks the self-renewal ability of cancer stem-like cells and shows appealing safety pharmacological profiles in rodents.
Isolation of predominantly submicron‐sized UHMWPE wear particles from periprosthetic tissues (1995)

A method of tissue digestion using sodium hydroxide was applied to the isolation and recovery of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles from tissues around failed total hip replacements. Density gradient ultracentrifugation of the digested tissues was performed to separate the UHMWPE from cell debris and other particulates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) verified that the recovered particles were UHMWPE. When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, individual particles were clearly observed and were either rounded or elongated. The majority were submicron in size. The application of this method to the study of particles from periprosthetic tissues may elucidate aspects of biomaterial particle size and shape that are important to the biologic response to, and clinical outcome of, total joint replacement.
An architecture of active agent repository for dynamic networking (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new multiagent framework to improve performance of the agent's cooperative works by using the behavioral history of each agent.
GPCR Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach for CB2 Antagonist Search (2007)

The potential for therapeutic specificity in regulating diseases has made cannabinoid (CB) receptors one of the most important G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets in search for new drugs. Considering the lack of related 3D experimental structures, we have established a structure-based virtual screening protocol to search for CB2 bioactive antagonists based on the 3D CB2 homology structure model. However, the existing homology-predicted 3D models often deviate from the native structure and therefore may incorrectly bias the in silico design. To overcome this problem, we have developed a 3D testing database query algorithm to examine the constructed 3D CB2 receptor structure model as well as the predicted binding pocket. In the present study, an antagonist-bound CB2 receptor complex model was initially generated using flexible docking simulation and then further optimized by molecular dynamic and mechanical (MD/MM) calculations. The refined 3D structural model of the CB2-ligand complex was then inspected by exploring the interactions between the receptor and ligands in order to predict the potential CB2 binding pocket for its antagonist. The ligand-receptor complex model and the predicted antagonist binding pockets were further processed and validated by FlexX-Pharm docking against a testing compound database that contains known antagonists. Furthermore, a consensus scoring (CScore) function algorithm was established to rank the binding interaction modes of a ligand on the CB2 receptor. Our results indicated that the known antagonists seeded in the testing database can be distinguished from a significant amount of randomly chosen molecules. Our studies demonstrated that the established GPCR structure-based virtual screening approach provided a new strategy with a high potential for in silico identifying novel CB2 antagonist leads based on the homology-generated 3D CB2 structure model.
Inflammatory skin disease in transgenic mice that express high levels of interleukin 1 alpha in basal epidermis. (1995)

Resting epidermal keratinocytes contain large amounts of interleukin 1 (IL-1), but the function of this cytokine in the skin remains unclear. To further define the role of IL-1 in cutaneous biology, we have generated two lines of transgenic mice (TgIL-1.1 and TgIL-1.2) which overexpress IL-1 alpha in basal keratinocytes. There was high-level tissue-specific expression of transgene mRNA and protein and large quantities of IL-1 alpha were liberated into the circulation from epidermis in both lines. TgIL-1.1 mice, which had the highest level of transgene expression, developed a spontaneous skin disease characterized by hair loss, scaling, and focal inflammatory skin lesions. Histologically, nonlesional skin of these animals was characterized by hyperkeratosis and a dermal mononuclear cell infiltrate of macrophage/monocyte lineage. Inflammatory lesions were marked by a mixed cellular infiltrate, acanthosis, and, in some cases, parakeratosis. These findings confirm the concept of IL-1 as a primary cytokine, release of which is able to initiate and localize an inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, these mice provide the first definitive evidence that inflammatory mediators can be released from the epidermis to enter the systemic circulation and thereby influence, in a paracrine or endocrine fashion, a wide variety of other cell types.
Increasing Drilling Efficiencies Through Improved Collaboration and Analysis of Real-Time and Historical Drilling Data (2010)

Abstract Spears and Associates (2009) estimated spending on drilling and completions at over USD 250 billion in 2008. With rig costs estimated to consume 37% or USD 92.5 billion of that spending, every effort to reduce drilling time has a direct impact on our bottom line. Estimates of non-productive time (NPT) ran from 15–40% or USD 14–37 billion, depending on well type and operator. The causes were varied and included technical and non-technical challenges such as wellbore stability, stuck pipe, weather, logistics, etc. Obviously any effort made to reduce NPT will tremendously impact bottom line spending. Given that causes of drilling inefficiencies are often known and predictable, why do we struggle to improve our results? The challenge is often one of fundamental knowledge management, which includes: difficulty in using historical data, lack of access to relevant data, and the inability to effectively correlate multiple wells in a single view. Imagine how much more efficient the drilling process would be if you could plan future wells based on nearby offset wells populated with important drilling knowledge from a living drilling knowledge base. The knowledge base would contain all surface drilling parameter data, BHAs, bit records, MWD/LWD data, drilling events, lessons learned, best practices, etc., associated with each well. Data from new wells added to the knowledge base in real time make it more robust, allowing for tracking of position with respect to the shared earth model and updating of the model while drilling. All pertinent data could be displayed side-by-side, allowing correlation of multiple wells by formation, depth or time, in one, two, or three dimensions. Comparison of multiple wells in a single view facilitates better well planning through anticipation of problems and mitigation of risks. This comparative ability leads to an increase in drilling efficiency and a decrease in rig time, which can result in reduced spending. This paper illustrates techniques for improving collaboration and analysis of real-time and historical drilling data, increasing the cost effectiveness of drilling efforts, and presents a case study highlighting the achievable benefits.