gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Tasks and Semi-structured Messages to Support Decision Follow Up (2006)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a coordination mechanism to support follow up of decisions made in meetings, using task management and semi-structured messages in an integrated way. Two questions lead our research: i) can a set of group support mechanisms, enabling the link between pre-meeting, meeting and post-meeting activities, allow for better coordination of decisions being implemented?; ii) can electronic elements, which belong to daily project scenarios, provide awareness of decision implementation's problems? Our evaluations and conclusions indicate that such elements (ie. tasks and emails) provide means for coordination of decision follow up
JANUS (1981)

This paper describes the architecture of a proposed document composition system named JANUS, which is intended to provide support for authors of complex documents containing mixtures of text, line art, and tone art. The JANUS system is highly interactive, providing authors with immediate feedback and direct electronic control over page layouts, using a special two-display workstation. Authors communicate with the system by marking up their documents with high-level descriptive “tags”. A tag definition language is provided whereby new tags may be defined and the format of each tagged object may be controlled.
Promising results on PSF correction applied in the reconstruction process of a small animal PET image (2011)

In this work we present the effects on the spatial resolution of a small animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using continuous crystals when their Point Spread Function (PSF) information is considered in an iterative reconstruction algorithm. The PET system consisted of eight detector modules with slight differences in their detection efficiency and intrinsic resolution. We have experimentally determined the PSF for each detector using a grid of 7×7 uniformly distributed holes. An image reconstruction algorithm including the PSF information has been implemented. The quantitative performance of PSF reconstruction was compared with the one obtained with a standard reconstruction algorithm. This comparative analysis was carried out with a phantom formed by 9×9 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na point-like sources. They had 1 mm in diameter and the distance between adjacent centers was 5 mm. We obtained a resolution improvement of up to 13% when the PSF information was considered in the reconstruction process.
Listeria monocytogenes Is Resistant to Lysozyme through the Regulation, Not the Acquisition, of Cell Wall-Modifying Enzymes (2014)

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that is highly resistant to lysozyme, a ubiquitous enzyme of the innate immune system that degrades cell wall peptidoglycan. Two peptidoglycan-modifying enzymes, PgdA and OatA, confer lysozyme resistance on L. monocytogenes; however, these enzymes are also conserved among lysozyme-sensitive nonpathogens. We sought to identify additional factors responsible for lysozyme resistance in L. monocytogenes. A forward genetic screen for lysozyme-sensitive mutants led to the identification of 174 transposon insertion mutations that mapped to 13 individual genes. Four mutants were killed exclusively by lysozyme and not other cell wall-targeting molecules, including the peptidoglycan deacetylase encoded by pgdA, the putative carboxypeptidase encoded by pbpX, the orphan response regulator encoded by degU, and the highly abundant noncoding RNA encoded by rli31. Both degU and rli31 mutants had reduced expression of pbpX and pgdA, yet DegU and Rli31 did not regulate each other. Since pbpX and pgdA are also present in lysozyme-sensitive bacteria, this suggested that the acquisition of novel enzymes was not responsible for lysozyme resistance, but rather, the regulation of conserved enzymes by DegU and Rli31 conferred high lysozyme resistance. Each lysozyme-sensitive mutant exhibited attenuated virulence in mice, and a time course of infection revealed that the most lysozyme-sensitive strain was killed within 30 min of intravenous infection, a phenotype that was recapitulated in purified blood. Collectively, these data indicate that the genes required for lysozyme resistance are highly upregulated determinants of L. monocytogenes pathogenesis that are required for avoiding the enzymatic activity of lysozyme in the blood.
Palaeogeography in exploration (2018)

Abstract Palaeogeography is the representation of the past surface of the Earth. It provides the spatial context for investigating how the Earth evolves through time, how complex processes interact and the juxtaposition of spatial information. In hydrocarbon exploration, palaeogeographies have been used to map and investigate the juxtaposition, distribution and quality of play elements (source, reservoir, seal and trap), as boundary conditions for source-to-sink analysis, climate modelling and lithofacies retrodiction, but most commonly as the backdrop for presentations and montages. This paper demonstrates how palaeogeography has been and can be used within an exploration workflow to help mitigate exploration risk. A comprehensive workflow for building palaeogeographies is described which is designed to provide a standard approach that can be applied to a range of tasks in exploration and academia. This is drawn from an analysis of the history of palaeogeography and how it has been applied to exploration in the past and why. Map applications, resolution and content depend on where in the exploration and production (E&P) cycle the map is used. This is illustrated here through three case studies, from the strategic decisions of global new ventures exploration to the more detailed basin and petroleum analyses of regional asset teams evaluating basins and plays. Through this, the paper also addresses three commonly asked questions: (1) How can I use palaeogeography in my workflow? (2) How reliable are the maps? (3) How do I build a palaeogeography?
Client-server programming and applications : BSD socket version (1993)

1. Introduction and Overview. 2. The Client Server Model and Software Design. 3. Concurrent Processing in Client-Server Software. 4. Program Interface to Protocols. 5. The Socket Interface. 6. Algorithms and Issues in Client Software Design. 7. Example Client Software. 8. Algorithms and Issues in Server Software Design. 9. Iterative, Connectionless Servers (UDP). 10. Iterative, Connection-Oriented Servers (TCP). 11. Concurrent, Connection-Oriented Servers (TCP). 12. Single-Process Concurrent Servers (TCP). 13. Multiprotocol Servers (TCP, UDP). 14. Multiservice Servers (UDP, TCP). 15. Uniform, Efficient Management of Server Concurrency. 16. Concurrency in Clients. 17. Tunneling at the Transport and Application Levels. 18. Application Level Gateways. 19. External Data Representation (XDR). 20. Remote Procedure Call Concept (RPC). 21. Distributed Program Generation (Rpcgen Concept). 22. Distributed Program Generation (Rpcgen Example). 23. Network File System Concepts (NFS). 24. Network File System Protocol (NFS, Mount). 25. TELNET: An Example Client Design. 26. TELNET: An Example Server Design. 27. Practical Hints and Techniques for UNIX Servers. Appendix 1: System Calls and Library Routines Used with Sockets. Appendix 2: Manipulation of UNIX File and Socket Descriptors. Bibliography. Index.
Optimized CO<sub>2</sub> Capture of the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ZIF-8 Modified by Solvent-Assisted Ligand Exchange (2021)

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, like ZIF-8 and related structures, have shown great potential for the capture of carbon dioxide. Modifying their structure by exchanging part of the constituent organic ligands is a proven method for enhancing the capacity to absorb CO<sub>2</sub>. In this work, we performed solvent-assisted ligand exchange (SALE) on nanosized ZIF-8 (nZIF-8) with a series of functionalized imidazole derivatives (exchange percentages, after 24 h): 2-bromoimidazole (19%), 2-chloroimidazole (29%), 2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole (4%), 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (4%), and 2-nitroimidazole (54%). The sodalite topology and porosity of nZIF-8 were maintained with all SALE modifications. Low-pressure CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption of nZIF-8 (38.5 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) at STP was appreciably enhanced with all mixed-linker SALE products. Using halogenated (-Cl, -Br, and -CF<sub>3</sub>) imidazole derivatives in a 24 h SALE treatment resulted in increases between 11 and 22% in CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption, while the thiol (-SH)- and nitro (-NO<sub>2</sub>)-functionalized SALE products led to 32 and 100% increases in CO<sub>2</sub> uptakes, respectively. These CO<sub>2</sub> uptakes were further optimized by varying the SALE treatment time. The SHbIm- and NO<sub>2</sub>Im-exchanged SALE products of nZIF-8 show 87 and 98 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> of CO<sub>2</sub> uptakes after 60 and 120 h of SALE, respectively. These are record high CO<sub>2</sub> adsorptions for all reported ZIF derivatives at low-pressure conditions.
A Square-Root-Free Matrix Decomposition Method for Energy-Efficient Least Square Computation on Embedded Systems (2014)

QR decomposition (QRD) is used to solve least-squares (LS) problems for a wide range of applications. However, traditional QR decomposition methods, such as Gram-Schmidt (GS), require high computational complexity and nonlinear operations to achieve high throughput, limiting their usage on resource-limited platforms. To enable efficient LS computation on embedded systems for real-time applications, this paper presents an alternative decomposition method, called QDRD, which relaxes system requirements while maintaining the same level of performance. Specifically, QDRD eliminates both the square-root operations in the normalization step and the divisions in the subsequent backward substitution. Simulation results show that the accuracy and reliability of factorization matrices can be significantly improved by QDRD, especially when executed on precision-limited platforms. Furthermore, benchmarking results on an embedded platform show that QDRD provides constantly better energy-efficiency and higher throughput than GS-QRD in solving LS problems. Up to 4 and 6.5 times improvement in energy-efficiency and throughput, respectively, can be achieved for small-size problems.
Post-Gastrectomy Osteopenia in the Rat: Bone Structure is Preserved by Retaining 10%-30% of the Oxyntic Gland Area (2002)

The results of the present study indicate that 10%-30% of the fundic mucosa is needed to preserve bone. The Gx/Fx-evoked osteopenia may be explained by hormonal deficiency caused by surgically eliminating or diminishing one of the endocrine cell populations in the fundic mucosa.
Lyotropic Behavior of Poly(2,5-dinonyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) (1994)

It has been revealed that a concentrated chloroform solution of poly(2,5-dinonyloxy- p -phenylenevinylene) (NO-PPV) can be in a lyotropic liquid crystalline state at room temperature. The lyotropic NO-PPV solution exhibits redshift of optical absorption compared with the isotropic solution. X-ray diffraction analysis of an NO-PPV film cast from the chloroform solution suggested that a so-called sanidic (boardlike) mesophase formed in the solution state: i.e. the polymer main chains are extended, aligned side-by-side, and stacked parallel to each other. Preparation of fibers and films with preferred orientation from the NO-PPV solution was also described.
Tomography with Geological Constraints - An Alternative Solution for Resolving of Carbonates (2013)

Carbonates are often present in close proximity to salt in the sedimentary basins around the world. They could be highly heterogeneous and in addition are often interspersed with lower-velocity sediments. The occurrence of high-velocity contrast layering in some portion of the lithology section could pose a problem for grid tomography and may result in insufficient resolution and poor delineation of the layer boundaries, unless many iterations of high-resolution tomography are run. We present a method for successful delineation of carbonate layers by introducing implicit and explicit geological constraints during the global common image point (CIP) tomography updates. The use of geological constraints in the CIP tomography yields high-resolution models over large areas of significant complexity with a reduced number of iterations. In addition, it eliminates the need to consider separate geobodies and multilayer representation of the medium. We show examples of successful application of this method to data sets with variable acquisition geometries from the Gulf of Mexico and offshore West Africa.
A sketch-based interface for detail-preserving mesh editing (2005)

In this paper we present a method for the intuitive editing of surface meshes by means of view-dependent sketching. In most existing shape deformation work, editing is carried out by selecting and moving a handle , usually a set of vertices. Our system lets the user easily determine the handle, either by silhouette selection and cropping, or by sketching directly onto the surface. Subsequently, an edit is carried out by sketching a new, view-dependent handle position or by indirectly influencing differential properties along the sketch. Combined, these editing and handle metaphors greatly simplify otherwise complex shape modeling tasks.
Workspace and Design Analysis of Cable-Suspended Planar Parallel Robots (2002)

In this paper, we present a method to obtain the workspace of cable-suspended planar parallel robots. The significant difference between regular parallel robots and cable-suspended parallel robots is that the cables in cable-suspended robots can only carry tension forces. Hence, static equilibrium equations must be used to compute the forces in the cable robot. The workspace is characterized as the set of points where the reference point on the end-effector platform can reach with tensions in the cables. In this paper, we address this problem for robots with two, three, or more cables. Then, we study the question of design of the cable robot to determine the number of cables, location of the suspension points of the cables, and size of the moving platform to attain the largest workspace.
Injection Snoreplasty: Extended Follow‐Up and New Objective Data (2003)

Success and snoring relapse rates of injection snoreplasty are similar to those of other current treatments. Objective analysis confirms the procedure is effective in reducing palatal flutter snoring. Preprocedure snoring analysis may predict patient response to palatal stiffening treatments.
How Hadoop Clusters Break (2012)

This article describes an examination of a sample of several hundred support tickets for the Hadoop ecosystem, a widely used group of big data storage and processing systems; a taxonomy of errors and how they are addressed by supporters; and the misconfigurations that are the dominant cause of failures. Some design "antipatterns" and missing platform features contribute to these problems. Developers can use various methods to build more robust distributed systems, thereby helping users and administrators prevent some of these rough edges.
Selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with nickel boride. (1989)

Nickel boride (Ni2B) easily reduced aromatic nitro compounds at 40°C in 3N HCl or 15N NH4OH medium to afford the corresponding amines in good yields. However, olefin, aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, amide, carboxylic acid and ester functional groups were unaffected under these conditions.
2D Sound Source Localization in Azimuth &#x00026; Elevation from Microphone Array by Using a Directional Pattern of Element (2007)

This paper describes a two-dimensional sound source localization method which uses the directional pattern of each microphone to perform acute beam forming in azimuth and elevation using a 32-channel distributed microphone array. The localization method is based on delay and sum beam forming (DSBF) and frequency band selection (FBS). The microphone arrangement is determined by simulation of the proposed beam forming method. As an example application, a speaker detection system in a house environment is developed using the 32ch microphone array unit, which is mounted on the ceiling of each room. Finally, the 2D directional localization accuracy of the system for multiple sound sources is evaluated.
Cardiovascular Effects of Nitric Oxide in the Brain Stem Nuclei of Rats (1996)

Nitric oxide, synthesized from the semiessential amino acid L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase, is a remarkable regulatory molecule and plays an important role in physiological functions. However, the physiological role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular regulation by the central nervous system is not well understood. In this study we investigated the cardiovascular effects of nitric oxide in the lateral ventricle, nucleus tractus solitarii, area postrema, and rostral ventrolateral medulla in urethane-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Microinjection of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, into the cerebral ventricle of rats elicited a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure and heart rate. This suggests that nitric oxide may be involved in central cardiovascular regulation. Unilateral microinjection (60 nL) of L-arginine (1 to 100 nmol) into the nucleus tractus solitarii and rostral ventrolateral medulla produced prominent dose-related depressor and bradycardic effects and reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity. However, L-arginine had no significant cardiovascular effects in the area postrema. In addition, 4 to 6 hours after intravenous injection of bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg), there was a time-related potentiation of the L-arginine-induced depressor and bradycardic effects in the nucleus tractus solitarii. These results indicate that nitric oxide is involved in central cardiovascular regulation. The depressor effect of nitric oxide in the nucleus tractus solitarii and rostral ventrolateral medulla may be through inhibition of renal sympathetic nerve activity.
Cytokines that Signal Through the Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor‐β Complex in the Nervous System (2000)

Cytokines that signal through the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor, such as LIF and ciliary neuronotrophic factor, have a wide range of roles within both the developing and mature nervous system. They play a vital role in the differentiation of neural precursor cells into astrocytes and can prevent or promote neuronal differentiation. One of the conundrums regarding signalling through the LIF receptor is how it can have multiple, often conflicting roles in different cell types, such as enhancing the differentiation of astrocytes while inhibiting the differentiation of some neuronal cells. Factors that can modulate signal transduction downstream of cytokine signalling, such as "suppressor of cytokine signalling" proteins, which inhibit the JAK/STAT but not the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, may therefore play an important role in determining how a given cell will respond to cytokine signalling. This review discusses the general effects of cytokine signalling within the nervous system. Special emphasis is placed on differentiation of neural precursor cells and the role that regulation of cytokine signalling may play in how a given precursor cell responds to cytokine stimulation.
Si Hybrid Solar Cells with 13% Efficiency <i>via</i> Concurrent Improvement in Optical and Electrical Properties by Employing Graphene Quantum Dots (2015)

PSS, the short circuit current and the fill factor of rear-contact optimized hybrid cells are increased from 32.11 to 36.26 mA/cm(2) and 62.85% to 63.87%, respectively. The organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell obtained herein holds the promise for developing photon-managing, low-cost, and highly efficient photovoltaic devices.
Regulation of T Cell Activation by Notch Ligand, DLL4, Promotes IL-17 Production and Rorc Activation (2009)

The activation and differentiation of T cells are dependent upon numerous initiating events that are influenced by the immune environment, nature of the Ag, as well as the activation state of APCs. In the present studies we have investigated the role of a specific notch ligand, delta-like 4 (Dll4). In particular, our data have indicated that Dll4 is inducible by pathogen-associated signals through TLR activation on dendritic cells but not early response inflammatory cytokines, IL-1 and IL-18 that also activate cells via MyD88 adapter pathway. Our observations from in vitro cultures confirmed earlier reports demonstrating that Dll4 inhibits Th2 cytokine production. Furthermore, Dll4 influences the generation of IL-17-producing T cells in the presence of additional skewing cytokines, IL-6 and TGF-beta. In the absence of notch signals, IL-17 production was significantly inhibited even under specific skewing conditions. These studies further demonstrate that Dll4 up-regulates Rorc expression in T cells and that both Rorc and Il17 gene promoters are direct transcriptional notch targets that further enhance the differentiation of Th17 cell populations. Thus, facilitation of efficient T cell differentiation may depend upon the activation of T cells via specific notch ligand stimulation.
Decontamination of Chemical Agent Simulant by Nanometal Oxides (2007)

The ability of a U.S. Army vehicle or a piece of equipment to decontaminate itself in situ from the threat of chemical agents is highly desirable and may reduce the weight and logistical footprints associated with decontamination operations. This work explores the ability of several nanometal oxide powders (that could potentially be incorporated into U.S. Army coatings) to decontaminate 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, a simulant for the blister agent sulfur mustard. Another mustard stimulant, 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide, and a simulant for the nerve agent GB, dimethyl methylphosphonate, were also examined.
Symmetry breaking, snap-through and pull-in instabilities under dynamic loading of microelectromechanical shallow arches (2009)

Arch-shaped microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been used as mechanical memories, micro-relays, micro-valves, optical switches and digital micro-mirrors. A bi-stable structure, such as an arch, is characterized by a multivalued load deflection curve. Here we study the symmetry breaking, the snap-through instability and the pull-in instability of a bi-stable arch-shaped MEMS under static and dynamic electric loads. Unlike a mechanical load, the electric load is a nonlinear function of the a priori unknown deformed shape of the arch. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing transient deformations of the arch is solved numerically using the Galerkin method and a time integration scheme that adaptively adjusts the time step to compute the solution within the prescribed tolerance. For the static problem, the displacement control and the pseudo-arc-length continuation methods are used to obtain the bifurcation curve of the arch's displacement versus a load parameter. The displacement control method fails to compute the arch's asymmetric deformations that are found by the pseudo-arc-length continuation method. For the dynamic problem, two distinct mechanisms of the snap-through instability are found. It is shown that critical loads and geometric parameters for instabilities of an arch under an electric load with and without consideration of mechanical inertia effects are quite different. A phase diagram between a critical load parameter and the arch height is constructed to delineate different regions of instabilities. We compare results from the present model with those from a continuum mechanics based approach, and with results of other models and experiments available in the literature.