gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Member of the Heterodimeric Amino Acid Transporter Family Presumed to be Associated with an Unknown Heavy Chain (2001)

We identified a novel amino acid transporter designated Asc-2 (for asc-type amino acid transporter 2). Asc-2 exhibited relatively low but significant sequence similarity to the members of the heterodimeric amino acid transporters. The cysteine residue responsible for the disulfide bond formation between transporters (light chains) and heavy chain subunits in the heterodimeric amino acid transporters is conserved for Asc-2. Asc-2 is, however, not colocalized with the already known heavy chains such as 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) or related to b(0,+) amino acid transporter (rBAT) in mouse kidney. Because Asc-2 solely expressed or coexpressed with 4F2hc or rBAT did not induce functional activity, we generated fusion proteins in which Asc-2 is connected with 4F2hc or rBAT. The fusion proteins were sorted to the plasma membrane and expressed the function corresponding to the Na(+)-independent small neutral amino acid transport system asc. Distinct from the already identified system asc transporter Asc-1 which is associated with 4F2hc, Asc-2-mediated transport is less stereoselective and did not accept some of the high affinity substrates of Asc-1 such as alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine. Asc-2 message was detected in kidney, placenta, spleen, lung, and skeletal muscle. In kidney, Asc-2 protein was present in the epithelial cells lining collecting ducts. In the Western blot analysis on mouse erythrocytes and kidney, Asc-2 was detected as multiple bands in the nonreducing condition, whereas the bands shifted to a single band at lower molecular weight, suggesting the association of Asc-2 with other protein(s) via a disulfide bond. The finding of Asc-2 would lead to the establishment of a new subgroup of heterodimeric amino acid transporter family which includes transporters associated not with 4F2hc or rBAT but with other unknown heavy chains.
<title>Strong two-photon absorption and singlet oxygen photogeneration in near-IR with new porphyrin molecule</title> (2002)

Classical photodynamic therapy (PDT) has a drawback of limited penetration of visible light. It has been proposed that by utilizing two-photon absorption (TPA), where illumination is carried out at near-IR wavelengths falling into tissue transparency window, the PDT can be used for deeper treatment of tumors. Here we introduce new porphyrin photosensitizer 5-(4-diphenylaminostilbene),15-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-21H,23H- porphine (hereafter referred as DPASP) with greatly enhanced TPA cross-section in near-IR range of wavelengths. The design of DPASP was based on structure-property relationships, empirically known to enhance TPA cross-section in organic (pi) -conjugated chromophores. In our case introduction of a 4-(diphenylaminostilbene)-substituent into the 5-position of the tetrapyrrole ring results in 20-fold enhancement of TPA cross-section at (lambda) <SUB>exc</SUB> = 780 nm as compared with parent molecule 5-phenyl,15-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (DPP). The high value of TPA cross-section of DPASP enables to reliably detect for the first time an efficient luminescence of singlet oxygen produced upon two-photon excitation of porphyrin. Singlet oxygen luminescence was also measured upon two-photon excitation of several other porphyrins including water-soluble derivative 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-N-methylpyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TmpyP).
Face verification using error correcting output codes (2005)

The error correcting output coding (ECOC) approach to classifier design decomposes a multi-class problem into a set of complementary two-class problems. We show how to apply the ECOC concept to automatic face verification, which is inherently a two-class problem. The output of the binary classifiers defines the ECOC feature space, in which it is easier to separate transformed patterns representing clients and impostors. We propose two different combining strategies as the matching score for face verification. The first uses the first order Minkowski metric, and requires a threshold to be set. The second is a kernel-based method and has no parameters to set. The proposed method exhibits better performance on the well known XM2VTS data set compared with previous reported results.
An architecture for self-test of a wireless communication system using sampled IQ modulation and boundary scan (1999)

An architecture for system-level self-test of a wireless communication transceiver integrates the functional (parametric) self-test of the radio frequency subsystem, and the structural self-test of the digital subsystem. The digital subsystem is tested using extensions of the IEEE 1149.1 boundary scan standard to verify connections within circuit boards and between boards. The RF subsystem is tested using a loopback connection between the RF transmitter and receiver. An RF parametric self-test is performed using a digitally modulated signal (as opposed to a sinusoidal tone) as the test stimulus, and using samples from the receiver digitizer as test data. This loopback test scheme imposes a relatively small overhead on the RF system design.
ChemInform Abstract: THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC ENANTIOMER SEPARATION BY USING LIGAND EXCHANGE (1984)

Abstract Es wird eine einfache Methode zur dünnschichtchromatographischen Enantio‐ merentrennung von Aminosäuren beschrieben.
First Ayurvedic Approach Towards Green Drugs: Anti Cervical Cancer-Cell Properties of Clerodendrum viscosum Root Extract (2013)

The concept of Ayurvedic expert guided drug discovery and development is defined and put to test systematically for the first time in literature. Western Science has explored only ~5% of the approximately 25,000 species of higher plants for drug leads. The ancient medical science of Ayurveda has however employed a much larger spectrum of plants for clinical treatment. Clerodendrum viscosum (CV), a commonly growing weed in the Indian subcontinent has been employed by S. Nirmalananda (Ayurvedic expert) for the treatment of cervical cancer. Here we isolate and characterize a water extract fraction (Cv-AP) from the root of CV and evaluate its anticervical cancer cell bioactivity. Our results indicate that Cv-AP possesses pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory activity in a dose-dependent fashion against cervical cancer cell lines. In contrast, primary fibroblasts (control healthy cells), when exposed to similar concentrations of this extract, fail to undergo apoptosis and remain relatively unaffected. These findings suggest that Clerodendrum viscosum (CV) is a readily available source of components with potent anti-cancer activity and selective bioactivity against cervical cancer cells. The major component in CV-AP was identified as a glycoprotein via SDS Page and Concanavalin-A binding studies. This study serves to illustrate that systematic collaboration with Ayurveda is a practical and powerful strategy in drug discovery and development.
Simple refractometry using optical path separation via multiple pinholes (2017)

We herein report on a simple and novel method of refractometry that uses a micro image defocusing technique. This simple method makes use of a three-pinhole aperture attached to a microscopic optical system. In order to develop our proposed method, an analytical formula was derived from the principles of optical modelling, taking into consideration imaging optics, and was verified experimentally. In order to verify and demonstrate the method, the refractive index (RI) of several materials with known and certified RIs were measured. The results demonstrate a good level of accuracy, with a difference between the certification and the measurements of the order of 10−4 RIU (refractive index unit).
Depolarization of D–T plasmas by recycling in material walls (1984)

The feasibility of using polarized deuterium (D) and tritium (T) plasmas in fusion reactors may be seriously affected by recycling in material walls. Theoretical and experimental results are reviewed which show how the depolarization rates of absorbed D and T depend on first wall parameters such as the temperature, the bulk and surface diffusivities, the density of electronic states at the Fermi surface, the spectral density of microscopic fluctuating electric field gradients, and the concentration of paramagnetic impurities. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of hydrogenated and deuterated amorphous semiconductors suggests that low-Z nonmetallic materials may provide a satisfactory first wall or limiter coating under reactor conditions with characteristic depolarization times of several seconds. Experiments are proposed to test the consequences of our analysis.
Binding of a hairpin polyamide in the minor groove of DNA: Sequence-specific enthalpic discrimination (polyamide-DNA binding affinityyisothermal calorimetryy2:1 pyrrole-imidazole DNA binding motifypolyamide-base hydrogen bondsyimidazole-guanine interaction) (1996)

Hairpin polyamides are synthetic ligands for sequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of double- helical DNA. A thermodynamic characterization of the DNA- binding properties exhibited by a six-ring hairpin polyamide, ImPyPy-g-PyPyPy-b-Dp (where Im 5 imidazole, Py 5 pyr- role, g 5 g-aminobutyric acid, b 5 b-alanine, and Dp 5 dimethylaminopropylamide), reveals an '1-2 kcalymol greater affinity for the designated match site, 5*-TGTTA-3*, relative to the single base pair mismatch sites, 5*-TGGTA-3* and 5*-TATTA-3*. The enthalpy and entropy data at 20°C reveal this sequence specificity to be entirely enthalpic in origin. Correlations between the thermodynamic driving forces underlying the sequence specificity exhibited by Im- PyPy-g-PyPyPy-b-Dp and the structural properties of the heterodimeric complex of PyPyPy and ImPyPy bound to the minor groove of DNA provide insight into the molecular forces that govern the affinity and specificity of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides.
Electrochemically-based dose measurement for closed-loop drug delivery applications (2011)

We present a method for accurate, real-time tracking of drug dose volume in reservoir-based drug pump systems using electrochemical impedance measurements. Detection of physiologically-relevant drug volumes (500 nL-64 μL) and on-the-fly flow rate variations (2.78-80 μL/min) from a MEMS drug delivery system were demonstrated. The sensor consists of two microelectrodes integrated within the drug reservoir. This method is attractive for its simplicity, sensitivity (0.2 Ω/nL), and wide drug compatibility. The capability of electronic, real-time dose measurement paves the way for fully-integrated closed-loop drug delivery systems.
Thermochemical principles of the production of lightweight aggregates from waste coal bottom ash (2020)

Abstract Manufacturing lightweight aggregate (LWA) (ie, porous ceramics) by means of a sintering technique requires a delicate balance among three conditions: (a) forming a sufficient amount of molten liquid phase during sintering, (b) reaching an appropriate viscosity for solid‐liquid suspension, and (c) emitting a sufficient amount of gas that can be entrapped by the liquid phase to form pores. This study evaluates these three conditions in the production of LWAs made from two types of waste coal bottom ash (low‐calcium and high‐calcium), and relates them to the formation of LWA pore structure. A thermochemical analytical approach, including thermodynamic modeling and the Browning viscosity model, was used to quantify the extent of the liquid phase and calculate its viscosity. In conjunction with thermochemical analysis, an experimental approach including quantitative x‐ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and x‐ray computed tomography was also used to identify the candidate chemical compounds that contribute to gas emission during sintering and to evaluate the LWA pore structure. The results indicated that a mass fraction of at least 50% for the liquid phase is required for a successful entrapment of emitted gaseous phases during sintering. Larger pores were observed in the microstructure of LWA samples made using high‐calcium bottom ash in comparison to those made with low‐calcium bottom ash. This observation was mainly attributed to the high‐calcium samples forming liquid phases with lower viscosities and emitting higher amounts of gaseous phase during sintering than did the low‐calcium samples. It was found that the gaseous phase was generated by hematite reduction and anhydrite decomposition, which led to the release of O 2 and SO 2 .
Lipase Catalyzed Transesterification of Unsaturated Lipids in a Microemulsion (1989)

Abstract A series of triglycerides having varying degrees of unsaturation of the acyl groups has been transesterified with stearic acid. It is shown that the position of the double bonds, not the degree of unsaturation, is the decisive factor in the rate of reaction. A A‐6 double bond, which is present in petroselinic acid and ylinolenic acid, prevents reaction. Unsymmetrical triglycerides containing only one acyl group with δ‐6 unsaturation reacts regiospecifically with the A‐6 acyl group facing away from the enzyme. γ‐Linolenic acid can be incorporated into an unhindered triglyceride through lipase catalyzed transesterification, indicating that the active site can in fact accommodate a δ‐6 fatty acid, although not the corresponding triglyceride.
Fast, relatively-fast CsI-phoswich detectors (1993)

The authors have developed a CsI-phoswich detector (dimension 7.6x7.6 cm{sup 2}x6.4 cm) for the identification of charged particles (x where x = p, d, t). The working principle of phoswich detectors is based on the use of two scintillators with different decay times viewed by a single, compatible, photomultiplier tube. The authors have improved on the CsI-phoswich by using the fast response of a thin plastic scintillator (Bicron 404) which they separate from the {open_quotes}relatively-fast{close_quotes} light-output component of CsI. The authors used these detectors in coinicidence with the Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Los Alamos, to make measurements of the exclusive reaction ({pi}{sup {+-}}, {pi}{sup {+-}}{prime}x) on targets {sup 2}H, {sup 3}He and {sup 4}He.
Link and Code: Fast Indexing with Graphs and Compact Regression Codes (2018)

Similarity search approaches based on graph walks have recently attained outstanding speed-accuracy trade-offs, taking aside the memory requirements. In this paper, we revisit these approaches by considering, additionally, the memory constraint required to index billions of images on a single server. This leads us to propose a method based both on graph traversal and compact representations. We encode the indexed vectors using quantization and exploit the graph structure to refine the similarity estimation. In essence, our method takes the best of these two worlds: the search strategy is based on nested graphs, thereby providing high precision with a relatively small set of comparisons. At the same time it offers a significant memory compression. As a result, our approach outperforms the state of the art on operating points considering 64-128 bytes per vector, as demonstrated by our results on two billion-scale public benchmarks.
Deterministic Control of Magnetization Dynamics in Reconfigurable Nanomagnetic Networks for Logic Applications (2016)

Information processing based on nanomagnetic networks is an emerging area of spintronics, as the energy consumption and integration density of the current semiconductor technology are reaching their fundamental limits. Nanomagnet-based devices rely on manipulating the magnetic ground states for device operations. While the static behavior of nanomagnets has been explored, little information is available on their dynamic behavior. Here, we demonstrate an additional functionality based on their collective dynamic response and explore the concept utilizing networks of bistable rhomboid nanomagnets. The control of the magnetic ground states of the networks was achieved by the geometrical design of the nanomagnets instead of the conventional interelement dipolar coupling. Dynamic responses of both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ground states were monitored using broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the Brillouin light scattering technique, and direct magnetic force microscopy. Micromagnetic simulations and numerical calculations validate our experimental observations. This method would have potential implications for low-power magnonic devices based on reconfigurable microwave properties.
Cell surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma cruzi: protective immunity in mice and antibody levels in human chagasic sera (1983)

Two cell surface glycoproteins from Trypanosoma cruzi have been compared for their ability to protect mice against an acute lethal infection. One of these, a 90,000 glycoprotein found on all stages of the parasite, protected against both bloodstream and metacyclic trypomastigote challenge. A 72,000 glycoprotein found only on insect-derived stages of T. cruzi protected only against a metacyclic trypomastigote challenge. Antibody against both of these glycoproteins was present in human chagasic sera.
Bullatacin and Bullatacinone: Two Highly Potent Bioactive Acetogenins from Annona bullata (1989)

Screening of crude extracts of the bark of Annona bullata showed cytotoxic and pesticidal activities. By monitoring with brine-shrimp lethality, two novel, extremely potent acetogenins, bullatacin [1] and bullatacinone [2], were isolated. Spectral and chemical methods identified bullatacin as a diastereomer of asimicin. Bullatacinone represents bullatacin with the lactone cleaved and reformed at the 4-OH. Compounds 1 and 2 show selective cytotoxicities in human tumor cell lines, and certain susceptible cells give ED50 values as low as 10(-12)-10(-15) micrograms/ml. Bullatacin was pesticidal at concentrations as low as 1 ppm, but bullatacinone lacked pesticidal activities. The known compounds liriodenine and (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid were also isolated and were lethal to brine shrimp but were not significantly cytotoxic.
Resonant magnetic field sensor with frequency output (2005)

This paper presents a new type of micromachined resonant magnetic field sensor, delivering a frequency change as output signal. The cantilever-based microsensor is fabricated using an industrial CMOS process in combination with postprocessing micromachining. The cantilever beam with integrated electrothermal excitation and piezoresistive detection elements is embedded in an amplifying feedback loop, resulting in a stable oscillation at its resonance frequency. By generating a Lorentz force (with the magnetic field to be measured) proportional to the resonator position, the spring constant, and therefore the resonance frequency of the resonant cantilever beam is modified. The measured devices have a fundamental resonance frequency of about 200 kHz, and show a sensitivity of 40 kHz/Tesla at atmospheric pressure. The short-term frequency stability of the resonators in closed-loop operation is below 0.1 Hz, which corresponds to a sensor resolution in the 10 /spl mu/Tesla range.
Morphological Evolution of Two-Dimensional Porous Hexagonal Trimesic Acid Framework (2020)

Hexagonal single crystal structure (Form II) of trimesic acid (TMA) has been isolated by dissolving the interpenetrated Form I of TMA in tetrahydrofuran. Form II (hexagonal) was converted to Form I (interpenetrated) at room temperature through some intermediate structures. A detailed time-dependent FESEM study shows that the external morphology of Form II (hexagonal) is a hollow hexagonal tube that mimics its crystal structure. The block-shaped (morphology) of Form I (interpenetrated) was converted to the hollow hexagonal tube through some intermediate morphologies which are corresponding to particular crystal structures. Here, we have established a strong correlation between crystal structures with the morphology. These hollow tubes have been employed for Rhodamine B dye adsorption studies and showed an uptake of 82%, much more significant than Form I (interpenetrated) (39%) due to the presence of a pore channel in the crystal structure.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with semitransparent metallic mirrors and high quantum efficiencies (1990)

Semitransparent thin silver films are employed as both the top mirrors and electrodes for GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The semitransparent silver films allow the emission of light from the top epitaxial side. Quarter-wave AlAs/AlxGa1−xAs stacks are used as the bottom n-type mirrors. Light output versus excitation current measurements yields an efficiency of 0.76 mW/mA from the top silver mirror side, which corresponds to an external differential quantum efficiency of 54% at a lasing wavelength of 0.88 μm. The internal differential quantum efficiency is estimated to be ≳94%. An optical output power of 10 mW is obtained at a pulsed excitation current of 72 mA.
Comparing Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Symptomatic Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic or Open Ventral Hernia Repair (2008)

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair provides improved quality-of-life, compared with open repair, 6 months postoperatively. Nearly all physical variables measured by the CCS were significantly better when ventral hernias were repaired laparoscopically.