gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of <i>Rhizobium japonicum</i> Strains at Temperatures Above 27°C (1981)

A study was conducted to examine the growth responses of different Rhizobium japonicum strains to increasing temperatures, determine the degree of variability among strains in those responses, and identify temperature-related growth characteristics that could be used to select temperature-tolerant strains. Each of 42 strains was grown in liquid culture for 96 h at 19 incubation temperatures ranging from 27.4 to 54.1 degrees C in a temperature gradient apparatus. Growth was estimated by measuring the change in optical density over time. Strains differed in their responses to increasing temperatures. Three characteristic temperatures were determined for each strain: the temperature giving the maximum optical density at 96 h (optimum temperature), the maximum temperature allowing a continuous increase in optical density during the 96-h period (maximum permissive temperature), and the maximum temperature allowing growth of the cultures after they were transferred to a uniform incubation temperature of 28 degrees C (maximum survival temperature). The three characteristic temperatures varied among strains and had the following ranges: optimum temperature, from 27.4 to 35.2 degrees C; maximum permissive temperature, from 29.8 to 38.0 degrees C; and maximum survival temperature, from 33.7 to 48.7 degrees C. Significant positive correlations were found between maximum permissive temperature and optimum temperature and between maximum permissive temperature and maximum survival temperature. Eight strains which had the highest maximum permissive temperature, optimum temperature, and maximum survival temperature were considered tolerant of high temperatures and were able to grow at temperatures higher than those previously reported for the most tolerant R. japonicum strains. The strains were of diverse geographical origin, but the response to high temperatures was not related to their origin. Evaluation of the temperature responses in pure culture may be useful in the search for R. japonicum strains better suited to environments in which high soil temperature is a limiting factor.
A hybrid coder based on a new phase model for synchronization between harmonic and waveform coded segments (2002)

This paper presents a hybrid coder with a new phase model to synchronize harmonic and waveform coded segments, with a target bit rate of 4 kbps. The coder also employs a new technique based on analysis by synthesis to distinguish between stationary and transitional segments. Harmonic excitation is synchronized with the LPC residual by transmitting the location of the pitch pulse closest to the frame boundary and a phase value that represents the shape of the corresponding pitch pulse. The performance of this phase model and the classification technique is evaluated using a hybrid coder. The coder has three modes: scaled white noise excitation colored by LPC for unvoiced, ACELP for transitions, and harmonic excitation for stationary segments. Subjective listening tests show that the coder produces good quality speech and the switching between the modes is transparent.
The β-catenin/VegT-regulated early zygotic gene <i>Xnr5</i> is a direct target of SOX3 regulation (2003)

In Xenopus laevis, beta-catenin-mediated dorsal axis formation can be suppressed by overexpression of the HMG-box transcription factor XSOX3. Mutational analysis indicates that this effect is due not to the binding of XSOX3 to beta-catenin nor to its competition with beta-catenin-regulated TCF-type transcription factors for specific DNA binding sites, but rather to SOX3 binding to sites within the promoter of the early VegT- and beta-catenin-regulated dorsal-mesoderm-inducing gene Xnr5. Although B1-type SOX proteins, such as XSOX3, are commonly thought to act as transcriptional activators, XSOX3 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Xnr5 in both the intact embryo and animal caps injected with VegT RNA. Expression of a chimeric polypeptide composed of XSOX3 and a VP16 transcriptional activation domain or morpholino-induced decrease in endogenous XSOX3 polypeptide levels lead to an increase in Xnr5 expression, as does injection of an anti-XSOX3 antibody that inhibits XSOX3 DNA binding. These observations indicate that maternal XSOX3 acts in a novel manner to restrict Xnr5 expression to the vegetal hemisphere.
Inferring transport characteristics in a fractured rock aquifer by combining single‐hole ground‐penetrating radar reflection monitoring and tracer test data (2012)

Investigations of solute transport in fractured rock aquifers often rely on tracer test data acquired at a limited number of observation points. Such data do not, by themselves, allow detailed assessments of the spreading of the injected tracer plume. To better understand the transport behavior in a granitic aquifer, we combine tracer test data with single‐hole ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) reflection monitoring data. Five successful tracer tests were performed under various experimental conditions between two boreholes 6 m apart. For each experiment, saline tracer was injected into a previously identified packed‐off transmissive fracture while repeatedly acquiring single‐hole GPR reflection profiles together with electrical conductivity logs in the pumping borehole. By analyzing depth‐migrated GPR difference images together with tracer breakthrough curves and associated simplified flow and transport modeling, we estimate (1) the number, the connectivity, and the geometry of fractures that contribute to tracer transport, (2) the velocity and the mass of tracer that was carried along each flow path, and (3) the effective transport parameters of the identified flow paths. We find a qualitative agreement when comparing the time evolution of GPR reflectivity strengths at strategic locations in the formation with those arising from simulated transport. The discrepancies are on the same order as those between observed and simulated breakthrough curves at the outflow locations. The rather subtle and repeatable GPR signals provide useful and complementary information to tracer test data acquired at the outflow locations and may help us to characterize transport phenomena in fractured rock aquifers.
The Mod 2 Neurocomputer system design (1992)

The Mod 2 Neurocomputer, the latest in a series of neurocomputing systems at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, is a neural network processing system incorporating individual neural networks as subsystems in a layered hierarchical architecture. The Mod 2 is designed to support parallel processing of image data at sensor (real-time) rates. Basic concepts implemented in the Mod 2 are (1) maintaining data representations as frames of data processed as a whole at each layer, (2) a general interconnect design supporting data transfer requirements such as generation of parallel pathways, fan-up/fan-down, and feedforward and feedback, and (3) a neuroprocessing block supporting several neural network paradigms. The basis for the system implementation is the Intel 80170NX neural network processor. Examples are given for the implementation strategy for neural substructures such as the multilayer perceptron and temporal and spatiotemporal image processing, as well as the implementation of a multifunction processing system.
High Levels of Ergonovine and Lysergic Acid Amide in Toxic <i>Achnatherum inebrians</i> Accompany Infection by an <i>Acremonium</i>-like Endophytic Fungus (1996)

Achnatherum inebrians (drunken horse grass) causes symptoms in sheep and horses reminiscent of ergot alkaloid intoxication. Microscopical examination of seed and leaf tissues revealed the presence of an endophytic fungus that did not produce spores when grown in culture and which was serologically related to endophytic Acremonium species of the Albo-lanosa section Morgan-Jones & Gams. ELISA indicated the presence of high concentrations of ergot alkaloids. Ergonovine and lysergic acid amide were identified by HPLCat levels up to 2500 and 400 mg kg-1, respectivelyas the major ergot alkaloids by their retention times and their UV and fluorescence scans. Their identities were confirmed by HPLC analysis of epimerized extracts, and the identity of ergonovine was further confirmed by high-resolution FAB-MS and HPLC−FAB-MS. These are the highest levels of ergonovine and lysergic acid amide so far reported in an endophyte-infected grass, and the similarity of many of the symptoms of A. inebrians intoxication to those previously reported for ergonovine and lysergic acid amide implicates these alkaloids as causative agents of the toxicosis. Endophyte-free A. inebrians did not contain detectable levels of ergot alkaloids and may therefore be useful for stock fodder. A. inebrians was also examined for the presence of other alkaloids that are commonly found in endophyte−grass associations. N-Acetylloline and N-formylloline were not detected by GC, and peramine was not detected by HPLC, in endophyte-infected A. inebrians. However, ELISA and HPLC analyses were consistent with the presence of low levels of analogues of the indole−diterpenoids paxilline and lolitrem B. Keywords: Achnatherum inebrians; Stipa inebrians; Acremonium; endophyte; ergonovine; ergonovinine; lysergic acid amide; isolysergic acid amide
Ultra thin dipole antenna backed by new planar artificial magnetic conductor (2009)

In some wireless communications it is desirable for antennas to have a low profile configuration. In such a design, the overall height of the antenna structure is usually less than one tenth of the operating wavelength. A fundamental challenge in low profile wire antenna design is the coupling effect of a nearby ground plane. A compact highly directional dipole antenna backed by our novel proposed planar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure with an overall height of 0.034 ¿ investigated. Two different dipoles are used in this study, wire and printed dipole antenna over the proposed AMC. A comparative study is conducted to study the return loss of the dipole antenna parallel above the proposed AMC and the ideal perfect electric conductor (PEC). A numerical simulation model using Ansoft high frequency structure simulator (Ansoft-HFSS¿) is developed to predict the reflection phase stop band of the proposed structure. The peak gain of the antenna over the proposed AMC is close to 8 dBi.
Segmentation of Salient Regions in Outdoor Scenes Using Imagery and 3-D Data (2008)

This paper describes a segmentation method for extracting salient regions in outdoor scenes using both 3-D laser scans and imagery information. Our approach is a bottom- up attentive process without any high-level priors, models, or learning. As a mid-level vision task, it is not only robust against noise and outliers but it also provides valuable information for other high-level tasks in the form of optimal segments and their ranked saliency. In this paper, we propose a new saliency definition for 3-D point clouds and we incorporate it with saliency features from color information.
Effect of Load Distribution on the Voltage Drop and the Luminance Variation in an AC-PDP (2007)

In an alternating-current plasma display panel (AC-PDP), the displayed luminance of a cell is often different from the target luminance because the luminance is affected by the voltage applied to the cell, which is determined by the distribution of on-cells. In this letter, a circuit model of an AC-PDP is presented, and the effect of load distribution on the applied voltage is analyzed with the circuit model. The analytical results are validated by the experimental measurements with an AC-PDP set.
Coronary Artery Plaque Characteristics Associated With Adverse Outcomes in the SCOT-HEART Study (2019)

Adverse coronary plaque characteristics and overall calcified plaque burden confer an increased risk of coronary heart disease death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. (Scottish COmputed Tomography of the HEART Trial [SCOT-HEART]; NCT01149590).
Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Culture for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Brazilian Adults (2008)

TB culture is potentially effective and cost-effective for HIV-positive patients in resource-constrained settings. Reliable transmission of culture results to patients and integration with existing systems are essential.
Mitochondrial medicine – recent advances (1999)

Mitochondria contain the respiratory chain enzyme complexes that carry out oxidative phosphorylation and produce the main part of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential subunits of the respiratory chain and is thus critical for maintaining cellular energy production. The first pathogenic mtDNA mutations were reported in 1988, and today more than 50 disease-causing mtDNA mutations have been identified. In addition, mtDNA mutations have been implicated in ageing and in common disorders such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure and Parkinson's disease. This review will summarize recent advances in the rapidly expanding field of mitochondrial medicine.
Single-Well Tracer Test in Complex Pore Systems (1986)

Abstract About 22 single-well chemical tracer tests have been performed in carbonate formations since 1971, to determine residual oil saturation after water flooding. The results in almost every case have been very different from equivalent tests run in sandstone reservoirs. The tracer profiles observed in carbonate tests show a set of characteristic distortions. Among these are poor apparent material balance; excessive early dilution of tracers; early arrival of poorly defined peaks for tracers that were displaced away from the well during injection; and abnormally large mean retention volumes, caused by extended concentration tails. A modified form of the "dead-end" pore model has been shown to reproduce all of these features. The various parameters examined in the model relate to the fraction of the pore space which is non-flowing, connected to the flowing fraction only by diffusion paths. Diffusion of each tracer in the non-flowing pore fraction is a function of tracer distribution coefficient; mixing length in the flowing fraction, equivalent to the usual dispersion parameter; and the residual oil saturation in both pore fractions. This model has been used to simulate single-well tracer tests in west Texas dolomites, Canadian reefs, and other carbonate formations. The best-fit values of non-flowing fraction of pore space have been 0.40–0.75. The observed diffusion effects, which are a ratio of test duration to the characteristic time of diffusion of tracer in the non-flowing pores, varies from less than 0.5 to more than 5, depending on the test. In the higher range of the diffusion parameter, the tracer profiles approach ideal shape. This indicates that the distribution of tracer between the two pore fractions is near equilibrium. For low values of the diffusion parameter, the profiles are extremely distorted. Slow diffusion limits the access of the tracers to the non-flowing fraction of the pore space.
Effect of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids and elevated concentrations of dietary protein on the performance of sows (2008)

A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids (O3FA) with or without elevated concentrations of protein on the performance of sows during the first and the subsequent parity. Sixty-four pregnant gilts with BW of 195.0 +/- 2.1 kg and backfat (BF) thickness of 12.9 +/- 0.2 mm were assigned to 4 dietary treatments from d 60 of gestation (late gestation) to d 21 of lactation. Dietary treatments were 1) a control diet; 2) a high-protein diet (HP); 3) the control diet + 0.2% O3FA (O3); and 4) the HP diet + 0.2% O3FA (HPO3). For the control and O3 treatments, CP contents were 12.3% for late gestation and 17.9% for lactation, and for the HP and HPO3 treatments, CP contents were 18.4% for late gestation and 19.5% for lactation. On d 60 and 110 of gestation and after farrowing (within 12 h postfarrowing), on d 10 and 21 of lactation, BW, BF thickness, and blood samples were obtained. The total number of piglets and the number of piglets born alive and their birth weights were measured within 12 h postfarrowing. Colostrum and milk samples were obtained on d 2 and 21 of lactation, respectively. All piglets were weaned at 21 d. The wean-to-estrus interval and ADFI were recorded. The same measurements were obtained from the control and O3 groups during the subsequent parity. Dietary treatment did not affect BW, BF thickness, ADFI, and the wean-to-estrus interval of sows during their first reproductive cycle. Supplementation of O3FA increased both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents (P < 0.05) in colostrum and mature milk. First-parity litter size and piglet birth weight did not differ among treatment groups. Piglet BW was greater (P < 0.05) for the O3 group compared with both the control and HPO3 groups at d 10 and 21 of lactation. The same pattern was also noted for overall piglet BW gain. Both piglet and litter characteristics of the HP group did not differ from those of other groups throughout lactation. During the subsequent parity, both total and live piglet birth weights tended (P < 0.07) to be greater for the O3 group than for the control group. Compared with the control group, piglet BW and BW gain in the O3 group showed a pattern similar to the previous parity. Results indicated that O3FA alone during lactation improved the growth of nursing piglets, regardless of parity. However, the O3FA diet, with or without elevated protein, did not affect first-parity gestation performance, although O3FA alone may have improved piglet birth weight in the subsequent litter.
An XML Storage System for Object-Oriented/Object-Relational DBMSs. (2003)

As XML has become popular as a document standard in the World Wide Web, a lot of research has been done on the XML storage systems for storing and managing XML documents using existing DBMSs. Most of the research activities, however, assume a relational DBMS instead of an object-oriented/object-relational (OO/OR) DBMS, which offers more powerful modeling capabilities. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an XML storage system designed for an OO/OR DBMS. Specifically, we first analyze the mapping from an XML document structure to OO/OR database schema. Second, we propose a method for describing the mapping using a standard language called the XML Schema Language. Third, we propose system catalog classes for storing the mapping information specified by users in the database. Fourth, we propose a detailed algorithm for storing XML documents in an OO/OR database, based on the mapping information. We believe the proposed system is practically usable for object-oriented programmers and DBMS implementors.
Characterization of Directionally Solidified B<SUB>4</SUB>C-TiB<SUB>2</SUB> Composites Prepared by a Floating Zone Method (2002)

Directionally solidified B4C–TiB2 composites were prepared by a Floating Zone method. TiB2 phases in a rod shape were continuously connected in the B4C matrix. The c-axes of TiB2 and B4C phases were perpendicular and tilted 22° to the growth direction, respectively. The (101) and (1\\bar20) planes of the B4C were in parallel to the (001) and (100) planes of TiB2, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the composite parallel to the growth direction (σ||) was greater than monolithic B4C by a factor of 100 to 1000. The thermal conductivity of the composite parallel to the growth direction (κ||) was about one and a half times as high as that of B4C. The anisotropy of electrical and thermal conductivity were basically explained by a mixing law using the values of B4C and TiB2. The microhardness of the composite was almost the same as that of B4C. The electric discharge machining of the composite was possible owing to the enhancement of electrical conductivity.
Attenuated effect of PNPLA3 on hepatic fibrosis by HSD17B13 in Japanese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2020)

In Japanese patients with NAFLD, carriage of the HSD17B13 rs6834314 G allele attenuated the effect of the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype on advanced hepatic fibrosis.
Severe hypoglycemia masquerading as cerebellar stroke (2014)

Hypoglycemia is a common presenting feature of diabetes in the emergency department. Cardiovascular and neuroglycopenia features are well documented in the literature. We here report a case of 55-year-old female who came to our emergency with clinical features suggestive of cerebellar stroke. Laboratory investigations revealed severe hypoglycemia. The cerebellar signs and symptoms improved completely with intravenous dextrose infusion. Her MR imaging and Doppler of carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries were noncontributory. Hypoglycemia causes behavioral changes, confusion, loss of consciousness, and seizures. It is also well known to cause hemiplegia and aphasia. Hypoglycemia presenting as cerebellar stroke is rarely reported in the literature. This case highlights an uncommon manifestation of a common clinical condition. Physician must rule out hypoglycemia in every stroke patients.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura or Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation? Diagnostic Dilemma in the ICU (2020)

IC and TTP are two causes of thrombocytopenia that require timely diagnosis and different treatments. Both conditions can be difficult to recognize as clinical presentations vary and current diagnostic criteria lack specificity. Although clinical presentation and laboratory data often lead to the correct diagnosis, equivocal results can often preclude finding a clear etiology. This is the case of a 77 year old female with PMH of spinal degeneration s/p multiple spinal surgeries, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, who presented to the surgical ICU s/p T9-ileum posterior fusion transverse osteotomy, L1-L2 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, and T11-T12 posterior laminectomy. Our case demonstrates the difficulties in confirming a diagnosis with sensitive but nonspecific criteria. TTP and DIC share similar characteristics, but missing a timely diagnosis of TTP can prove fatal for the patient without treatment.
Retinal plasma extravasation in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats mediated by kinin B<sub>1</sub>and B<sub>2</sub>receptors (2008)

Kinin B(1) receptors are upregulated in retinas of STZ-diabetic rats through a mechanism involving oxidative stress. Both kinin B(1) and B(2) receptors contribute to increased plasma extravasation in diabetic retinopathy. Chronic inhibition of both kinin receptors, possibly with antioxidant adjuvants, may be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates SRC, relocating chaperones to the cell surface where GRP78/CD109 blocks TGF-β signaling (2018)

The discovery that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal chaperones such as GRP78/BiP can escape to the cell surface upon ER stress where they regulate cell signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, and immunity represents a paradigm shift. Toward deciphering the mechanisms, we report here that, upon ER stress, IRE1α binds to and triggers tyrosine kinase SRC activation, leading to ASAP1 phosphorylation and Golgi accumulation of ASAP1 and Arf1-GTP, resulting in KDEL receptor dispersion from the Golgi and suppression of retrograde transport. At the cell surface, GRP78 binds to and acts in concert with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, CD109, in blocking TGF-β signaling by promoting the routing of the TGF-β receptor to the caveolae, thereby disrupting its binding to and activation of Smad2. Collectively, we uncover a SRC-mediated signaling cascade that leads to the relocalization of ER chaperones to the cell surface and a mechanism whereby GRP78 counteracts the tumor-suppressor effect of TGF-β.