gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the Utilization of Micro-operation Caches in x86 Processors (2020)

Most modern processors employ variable length, Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) instructions to reduce instruction fetch energy cost and bandwidth requirements. High throughput decoding of CISC instructions requires energy hungry logic for instruction identification. Efficient CISC instruction execution motivated mapping them to fixed length micro-operations (also known as uops). To reduce costly decoder activity, commercial CISC processors employ a micro-operations cache (uop cache) that caches uop sequences, bypassing the decoder. Uop cache's benefits are: (1) shorter pipeline length for uops dispatched by the uop cache, (2) lower decoder energy consumption, and, (3) earlier detection of mispredicted branches.In this paper, we observe that a uop cache can be heavily fragmented under certain uop cache entry construction rules. Based on this observation, we propose two complementary optimizations to address fragmentation: Cache Line boundary AgnoStic uoP cache design (CLASP) and uop cache compaction. CLASP addresses the internal fragmentation caused by short, sequential uop sequences, terminated at the I-cache line boundary, by fusing them into a single uop cache entry. Compaction further lowers fragmentation by placing to the same uop cache entry temporally correlated, non-sequential uop sequences mapped to the same uop cache set. Our experiments on a x86 simulator using a wide variety of benchmarks show that CLASP improves performance up to 5.6% and lowers decoder power up to 19.63%. When CLASP is coupled with the most aggressive compaction variant, performance improves by up to 12.8% and decoder power savings are up to 31.53%.
Water soluble derivatives of rebeccamycin. (1990)

Although rebeccamycin exhibits significant in vivo antitumor activity against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma, its limited solubility in aqueous media posed some problems in further evaluation. In order to find more water-soluble analogues wa have carried out structural modifications of rebeccamycin and in this communication we report some of the promising analogues
In Vivo Active Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors with Improved Selectivity: Lead Optimization Providing a Series of Pyridine Substituted 3,4-Dihydro-1<i>H</i>-quinolin-2-one Derivatives (2008)

Pyridine substituted naphthalenes (e.g., I-III) constitute a class of potent inhibitors of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). To overcome the unwanted inhibition of the hepatic enzyme CYP1A2, we aimed at reducing the number of aromatic carbons of these molecules because aromaticity has previously been identified to correlate positively with CYP1A2 inhibition. As hypothesized, inhibitors with a tetrahydronaphthalene type molecular scaffold (1-11) exhibit a decreased CYP1A2 inhibition. However, tetralone 9 turned out to be cytotoxic to the human cell line U-937 at higher concentrations. Consequent structural optimization culminated in the discovery of heteroaryl substituted 3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-ones (12-26), with 12, a bioisostere of 9, being nontoxic up to 200 microM. The investigated molecules are highly selective toward both CYP1A2 and a wide range of other cytochrome P450 enzymes and show a good pharmacokinetic profile in vivo (e.g., 12 with a peroral bioavailability of 71%). Furthermore, isoquinoline derivative 21 proved to significantly reduce plasma aldosterone levels of ACTH stimulated rats.
Acoustophoretic rapid media exchange and continuous-flow electrotransfection of primary human T cells for applications in automated cellular therapy manufacturing (2019)

Autologous cellular therapies based on modifying T cells to express chimeric antigen receptor genes have been highly successful in treating hematological cancers. Deployment of these therapies is limited by the complexity and costs associated with their manufacturing. Transitioning these processes from virus-based methods for gene delivery to a non-viral method, such as electroporation, has the potential to greatly reduce cost and manufacturing time while increasing safety and efficacy. Major challenges with electroporation are the negative impacts on cell health associated with exposure to high-magnitude electric fields, and that most commercial bulk electroporators are low-precision instruments designed for manually-operated, lower-throughput batch processing of cells. Negative effects on cell health can be mitigated by use of specialized electroporation medias, but this adds processing steps, and long-term exposure to these medias can reduce transfection efficiency and post-transfection viability. To enable automated, clinical-scale production of cellular therapies using electrotransfection in specialized medias, we developed a high-precision microfluidic platform that automatically and continuously transfers cells from culture media into electroporation media using acoustophoresis, and then immediately applies electric fields from integrated electrodes. This limits cell residence time in electroporation media to seconds, and enables high transfection efficiency with minimum impact on cell viability. We tested our system by transferring primary human T cells from a standard cell media to electroporation media, and then transfecting them with mRNA encoding an mCherry fluorescent protein. We achieved a media exchange efficiency of 86% and transfection efficiency of up to 60%, with less than a 5% reduction in viability.
Iterative channel and parameter estimation for noise with non-gaussian distributions (2004)

Traditional designs of mobile communication receivers commonly rely on a (colored or white) Gaussian model of the signal disturbance. Such a model does not accurately reflect the statistics of co-channel interference, a dominant source of signal disturbance that limits the capacity of most cellular networks. Consequently, the performance of receivers designed based on the Gaussian model is often far from optimum in a heavily loaded network. In this paper, we explore the potential of suppressing interference in channel estimation by using a non-Gaussian noise model of the signal disturbance. An EM-based, iterative algorithm is derived for jointly estimating the channel response and the parameters that characterize the non-Gaussian noise model. As an example, we also consider a special case where the non-Gaussian model has a constant envelope characteristic. Using the GSM/EDGE air interface, we demonstrate that significant performance gains can be obtained with the proposed channel estimation algorithm when a dominant GMSK-modulated interference exists. The proposed algorithm can also be used in combination with equalizers designed for non-Gaussian noise models to provide further performance gains.
Signal encoding in magnetic particle imaging: properties of the system function (2009)

Since to date, the MPI system function has to be measured in time-consuming calibration scans, the additional information derived here can be used to reduce the amount of information to be acquired experimentally and can hence speed up system function acquisition. Furthermore, redundancies found in the system function can be removed to arrive at sparser representations that reduce memory load and allow faster image reconstruction.
Scanner characterization for color measurement and diagnostics (2007)

We propose a novel scanner characterization approach for applications requiring color measurement of hardcopy output in calibration, characterization, and diagnostics applications. The method is advantageous for common practical color printing systems that use more than the minimum of three colorants necessary for subtractive color reproduction; printing with cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K) is the most prevalent example we use in our description. The proposed method exploits the fact that for the scenarios in consideration, in addition to the scanner RGB values for a scanned patch, the CMYK control values used to print the patch are also available and can be exploited in characterization. An indexed family of 3D scanner characterizations is created, each characterization providing a mapping from scanner RGB to CIELAB for a fixed value of K, the latter constituting the index for the characterization. Combined together, the family of 3D characterizations provides a single 4D characterization that maps scanner RGB obtained from scanning a patch and the K control value used for printing the patch to a colorimetric CIELAB measurement for the patch. A significant improvement in the robustness of the method to variations in printing is obtained by modifying the K index to utilize the scanned output for a black-only patch printed with the corresponding K value instead of directly utilizing the control K value used at the printer. Results show that the proposed 4D scanner characterization technique can significantly outperform standard 3D approaches in the target applications.
Automatic antenna tuning unit for software-defined and cognitive radio (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new architecture for a closed-loop controlled antenna tuning unit (ATU) system (only transmitting path is shown). In contrast to previous work, no analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are used. Using the ATU, the narrow instantaneous bandwidth of an electrically small antenna (ESA) is automatically tuned over a much wider frequency range by the ATU. This matching scheme ensures that the narrowband antenna is automatically matched to any desired frequency under all environmental conditions using circuits with practical component values and tolerances. It is imperative that the entire tuning process be completed rapidly using efficient algorithms and fast hardware, and for these algorithms and hardware to consume as little power as possible.
<title>Photovoltaic systems based on spectrally selective holographic concentrators</title> (1992)

A holographic device has been developed that greatly improves the efficiency of solar energy conversion. The single-element hologram focuses light to the side and also spectrally splits it. The output appears as a thin concentrated line, focused perpendicular to the hologram and displaced to the side. Different wavelengths are diffracted, concentrated, and dispersed to different locations on the line which resembles an elegant rainbow in the visible. The hologram lets each of two or more different solar cells absorb only those wavelengths which can efficiently convert to electric power. The device also prevents overheating by diffracting unwanted infrared radiation away from the cells. The side focus eliminates shadow effects, and cooling is easy, since the cells are not cascaded and the heat load is minimal. This novel system is ideal for concentrated, split-spectrum, high efficiency solar power generation.
A dynamic capacitive power transfer system with reduced power pulsation (2016)

This paper proposes a dynamic capacitive power transfer (CPT) system which utilizes electric fields to transfer power to a moving receiver. The transmitter is a long track, consisting of a pair of aluminum plates. One important property of this transmitter structure is reducing the power pulsations at the receiver. The receiver also consists of a one pair of aluminum plates that are capacitively coupled with the transmitter plates. The capacitive coupling delivers power to the receiver. An LCLC compensation topology is used at both the transmitter and receiver sides to provide resonances which boost the plate voltage in order to transfer power. A 150W prototype of a dynamic CPT system is designed and implemented. Each transmitter plate size is 1200mm×300mm, and each receiver plate size is 300mm×300mm. The switching frequency is 1.5MHz, and the dc-dc efficiency reaches 85.4%. When the receiver moves along the transmitter track, the output power varies within ±4.0% of the nominal power.
All-optical switching on a silicon chip (2004)

We present an experimental demonstration of fast all-optical switching on a silicon photonic integrated device by employing a strong light-confinement structure to enhance sensitivity to small changes in the refractive index. By use of a control light pulse with energy as low as 40 pJ, the optical transmission of the structure is modulated by more than 97% with a time response of 450 ps.
Resistant starch and starch pasting properties of a starch synthase IIa-deficient wheat with apparent high amylose (2006)

The bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) analysed in this study has been produced by genetically eliminating the starch synthase IIa and shows apparent high amylose (HA) in the flour starch. Some starch properties of the HA wheat were analysed. The HA wheat contained 2.8–3.6% resistant starch (RS), much more than the normal (control) wheat, which contained almost no RS. Autoclaving the HA and normal wheat starches increased RS. The former contained 10.5% RS and the latter 5.9 or 6.8% RS. Swelling of the HA wheat starch and its pasting properties using Rapid ViscoAnalyzer (RVA) were investigated. Swelling power (g/g) of the HA wheat in 0.1% AgNO3 and swelling volume (mL/g) in urea solution were significantly less than those of the normal wheat. The RVA profile of the HA wholemeal and starch also differed from the normal. The peak viscosity, minimum viscosity, and final viscosity of HA were low, and breakdown (peak minus minimum viscosity) was very small. These findings show that amount of resistant starch and pasting properties are unique in the HA wheat starch, probably caused by lack of starch synthase IIa.
A mathematical expression of nonlinear distortion in RF power amplifier (2005)

A mathematical expression of the nonlinear distortion of a power amplifier is studied, taking into consideration the effect of the even-order distortion component at base-band. In order to asses the feasibility of the mathematical expression, nonlinear distortion characteristics are investigated by numerical calculation for some test signals. Important characteristics such its the memory effect are explained with the mathematical model.
Thermal Pulse Combustion (1993)

Abstract This paper describes theoretical and experimental observations of combustion oscillations produced in a continuously mixed, jet-stirred combustion system. This work is distinct from other investigations of pulse combustion, because it is shown both theoretically and experimentally that combustion oscillations can be produced with a steady supply of fuel and air, requiring no mechanical or aerodynamic valves. The theory is a direct extension of thermal theories of combustion in back-mixed reactors, extended to include the unsteady behavior of the combustor and tailpipe. Because of the demonstrated effect of heat transfer on the oscillations, the name thermal pulse combustion is chosen to describe these oscillations. Effects of friction in the combustor tailpipe, heat loss from the combustion zone, and flow rate, are investigated theoretically. Depending on operating parameters, oscillating combustion, steady flames, or blow-out are all predicted. The effects of finite mixing rate are investigated by specifying a mixing time. Results of the simulation are then favorably compared to laboratory observations of a combustor operating with parameters similar to those used in the numeric model. Laboratory observations confirm that large amplitude oscillations can be produced in a jet-mixed combustor with a steady supply of fuel and air. Laboratory observations show qualitative agreement with predictions, and reasonable quantitative agreement at select conditions.
Electrical Characteristics of Piezoelectric RF-MEMS Tunable Capacitor (2007)

Piezoelectric RF-MEMS tunable capacitors are useful components for realizing reconfigurable RF circuits for multi-band mobile terminals. In this paper, we describe fabrication process of an AlN RF-MEMS tunable capacitor and electrical characteristics of the tunable capacitor. We chose AlN as piezoelectric material and Al as electrode material, because these materials are compatible with conventional CMOS processes. The tunable capacitor utilized the piezoelectric bimorph actuator with folded beam structure. The structure of the actuator can cancel curling of the beam due to residual stress of the AlN piezoelectric actuator. After subtraction of parasitic components, net capacitance of the tunable capacitor changed from 0.20pF to 0.51pF with drive voltage ranging from 0V to 8V. The tuning ratio was 2.6. Q factor of the capacitor varied 29 to 11 at the same voltage range.
Soft <scp>PEDOT:PSS</scp> aerogel architectures for thermoelectric applications (2016)

ABSTRACT In this study, we present the first characterization of pure PEDOT:PSS aerogels fabricated via a facile and reproducible freeze–drying technique using no additional crosslinking agents, and it is demonstrated that these materials provide a promising path to new classes of polymeric thermoelectric materials. The morphology, chemical composition, and thermoelectric properties of these robust and mechanically stable aerogels were investigated upon treatment with ethylene glycol. By direct comparison to fully dense PEDOT:PSS thick films, it is shown that the electronic portion of thermoelectric transport in PEDOT:PSS was remarkably unaffected by morphological porosity, presenting exciting opportunities for novel soft materials that simultaneously integrate thermoelectric behavior while also capitalizing on the high surface area scaffolding accessible in such aerogel architectures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44070.
EGFL6 regulates the asymmetric division, maintenance and metastasis of ALDH+ ovarian cancer cells (2016)

Little is known about the factors that regulate the asymmetric division of cancer stem-like cells (CSC). Here, we demonstrate that EGFL6, a stem cell regulatory factor expressed in ovarian tumor cells and vasculature, regulates ALDH+ ovarian CSC. EGFL6 signaled at least in part via the oncoprotein SHP2 with concomitant activation of ERK. EGFL6 signaling promoted the migration and asymmetric division of ALDH+ ovarian CSC. As such, EGFL6 increased not only tumor growth but also metastasis. Silencing of EGFL6 or SHP2 limited numbers of ALDH+ cells and reduced tumor growth, supporting a critical role for EGFL6/SHP2 in ALDH+ cell maintenance. Notably, systemic administration of an EGFL6-neutralizing antibody we generated restricted tumor growth and metastasis, specifically blocking ovarian cancer cell recruitment to the ovary. Together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for EGFL6 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6396-409. ©2016 AACR.
Large-scale field-programmable analog arrays for analog signal processing (2005)

Field-programmable analog arrays (FPAAs) provide a method for rapidly prototyping analog systems. Currently available commercial and academic FPAAs are typically based on operational amplifiers (or other similar analog primitives) with only a few computational elements per chip. While their specific architectures vary, their small sizes and often restrictive interconnect designs leave current FPAAs limited in functionality and flexibility. For FPAAs to enter the realm of large-scale reconfigurable devices such as modern field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), new technologies must be explored to provide area-efficient accurately programmable analog circuitry that can be easily integrated into a larger digital/mixed-signal system. Recent advances in the area of floating-gate transistors have led to a core technology that exhibits many of these qualities, and current research promises a digitally controllable analog technology that can be directly mated to commercial FPGAs. By leveraging these advances, a new generation of FPAAs is introduced in this paper that will dramatically advance the current state of the art in terms of size, functionality, and flexibility. FPAAs have been fabricated using floating-gate transistors as the sole programmable element, and the results of characterization and system-level experiments on the most recent FPAA are shown.
The Stereospecificity of Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase from <i>Thermoanaerobacter </i><i>e</i><i>thanolicus</i> Is Partially Determined by Active Site Water (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Stereospecificity of Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus Is Partially Determined by Active Site WaterChristian Heiss, Maris Laivenieks, J. Gregory Zeikus, and Robert S. PhillipsView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556 Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2, 345–346Publication Date (Web):December 21, 2000Publication History Received5 September 2000Published online21 December 2000Published inissue 1 January 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja005575aCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (26 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Alcohols,Alkyls,Genetics,Peptides and proteins,Stereospecificity Get e-Alerts
Advanced excitation waveforms in ultrasound sub-surface atomic force microscopy (2019)

This technique uses an Atomic force microscope (AFM) to map the elastic properties of buried materials with high spatial resolution. Ultrasound excitation is applied to the tip-sample interface in the AFM, while the probe’s dynamic response is monitored. The excitation is a carrier of high frequency fc, that is amplitude-modulated at a lower frequency fm, at which the probe is sensitive. The amplitude and phase of the probe’s down-mixed response at fm is a function of elastic properties of surface and sub-surface structures.This project investigated developing advanced excitation waveforms for ultrasonic sub-surface AFM that significantly improve the strength of probe’s down-mixed response.
Multilayer Epitaxial Garnet Films for Magnetic Bubble Devices-Hard Bubble Suppression (1972)

A conventional magnetic bubble material consists of a magnetic garnet film deposited on a nonmagnetic substrate. Garnet films with stress- and/or growth-induced uniaxial anisotropy are deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) usually on Gd <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> substrates. In this B.S.T.J. Brief we report on the properties of multilayer garnet films deposited by LPE.