gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Observation of Sol−Gel Conversion:  The Role of the Solvent in Organogel Formation (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirect Observation of Sol−Gel Conversion: The Role of the Solvent in Organogel FormationRong Wang, Cristina Geiger, Liaohai Chen, Basil Swanson, and David G. WhittenView Author Information Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 Center for Photoinduced Transfer Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10, 2399–2400Publication Date (Web):February 24, 2000Publication History Received12 November 1999Published online24 February 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja993991thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja993991trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2346Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fibers,Liquids,Molecules,Phase transitions,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Ceramic Materials - Progress in Modern Ceramics (2012)

This text covers ceramic materials from the fundamentals to industrial applications. This includes their impact on the modern technologies, including nano-ceramic, ceramic matrix composites, nanostructured ceramic membranes, porous ceramics, and the sintering theory model of modern ceramics.
A knowledge-based framework for dynamic semantic Web services brokering and management (2004)

The concept of automating Web services, specifically the brokering activities, is an active research topic. We need a comprehensive and overarching framework that handles the discovery, differentiation, negotiation and selection processing within the context of workflow management, and addresses the issues related to virtual organizations. The goal is to add semantics to Web services to endow them with capabilities currently lacking in the literature, but necessary for their successful deployment in future systems. This paper references how such a framework, called the KDSWS framework, addresses in an integrated end-to-end manner, the life-cycle of activities involved in brokering and managing semantic Web services. The following issues are addressed: semantic specification of services' capabilities; brokering the services, workflow management, resource management, interoperation and evolution of the virtual organization.
Boron (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoronAlton Banks Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1, 14Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1990Published inissue 1 January 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ed067p14RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views596Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (593 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
RURAL BROADBAND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS: SPECTRUM OCCUPANCY AND PROPAGATION MODELING IN WESTERN MONTANA (2017)

Fixed and mobile spectrum monitoring stations were implemented to study the spectrum range from 174 to 1000 MHz in rural and remote locations within the mountains of western Montana, USA. The measurements show that the majority of this spectrum range is underused and suitable for spectrum sharing. This work identifies available channels of 5-MHz bandwidth to test a remote mobile broadband network. Both TV broadcast stations and a cellular base station were modelled to test signal propagation and interference scenarios.
<title>Development of long-lifetime low-contamination beam dumps for NIF</title> (1997)

The laser architecture of the NIF beamlines requires small-area beam dumps to safely absorb back reflections from the output and leakage through the PEPC switch. The problems presented by these beam dumps are that fluences they must absorb are very large, beyond the damage threshold of any material, and ablation of beam dump materials potentially contaminates adjacent optical components. Full scale tests have demonstrated that a stainless steel beam dump will survive fluence levels and energies as high as 820 j/CM{sup 2} and 2.5 kJ, respectively. Small scale tests with tungsten, tantalum, and stainless steel have demonstrated erosion rates less than about 0.5 {mu}m/shot, with stainless steel having the smallest rate. They also suggest that increased angles of incidence ({ge}60{degree}) will greatly reduce the material ablated directly back along the beam path.
Biomedical Questions on Water Pollution Databases (1983)

A recent question on acid rain toxicity motivated this informal look at SDC's WATERLIT and DIALOG'S Water Resources Abstracts. Thc same question was Iormulated for comparison on BIOSIS. The data bases were examined for ease of access to the indexing through key citations. The scope of the two water databases is discussed from the perspective of biomedical queries.
Surface Characterization of Functionalized Polylactide through the Coating with Heterobifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)/Polylactide Block Copolymers (2000)

An AB-type block copolymer composed of alpha-acetalpoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the hydrophilic segment and polylactide (PLA) as the hydrophobic segment was synthesized and utilized to construct a functionalized PEG layer possessing a reactive aldehyde group at the free end of the tethered PEG chain by simple coating on polylactide substrates. Detailed characterization of the functionalized PEGylated surfaces was done from the physicochemical (contact angle and zeta potential) as well as the biological (protein adsorption) point of view to highlight their potential utility as biofunctional interfaces. The amount of protein adsorption was inversely correlated with the degree of water structuring around the PEG molecules, which facilitates the formation of a strongly bound water film to increase the surface hydration. For these surfaces investigated, the extent of surface hydration was more important in determining the materials biocompatibility rather than the actual PEG molecular weight, as evidenced by an extremely low receding contact angle directly related to the adhesive energy of a water molecule. Furthermore, the contact angle relaxation less than a few minutes proved to be determinant for the receding contact angle and resultant hysteresis, caused by rearrangement of the hydrophilic PEG component. Aldehyde groups were confirmed to be present at the tethered PEG chain end using an electron spin resonance probe and can be derivatized with bioactive molecules with amino or hydrazide functionality. The functionalized PEG layer thus prepared on a biodegradable polylactide surface has both nonfouling and ligand-binding properties and may have promising utility as engineered biomaterials including tissue engineering scaffolds.
Service delivery models of cloud computing: security issues and open challenges (2016)

Abstract Cloud computing represents the most recent enterprise trend in information technology and refers to the virtualization of computing resources that are available on demand. Cloud computing saves cost and time for businesses. Moreover, this computing process reflects a radical technological revolution in how companies develop, deploy, and manage enterprise applications over the Internet. Virtualized cloud computing mainly offers cloud‐computing delivery models such as software as a service, platform as a service, and infrastructure as a service. Security and privacy are presently considered critical factors in the adaptation of any cloud‐service delivery model. Cloud computing leverages several technologies; in the process, this model can inherit potential security threats. Thus far, security issues in cloud computing have rarely been addressed at the service delivery level. Key security concerns include Web application security, network security, data security, integration, vulnerabilities in the virtualized environment, and physical security. The aim of this research is to comprehensively present the security threats with respect to their cloud service deliver models. This study also determines how service delivery models differ from existing enterprise applications, classify these models, and investigate the inherent security challenges. This study primarily focuses on the security concerns of each layer of the cloud‐service delivery model, as well as on existing solutions and approaches. In addition, countermeasures to potential security threats are also presented for each cloud model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Interaction between Survivin and Smac/DIABLO Is Essential for the Anti-apoptotic Activity of Survivin during Taxol-induced Apoptosis (2003)

Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family that has been implicated in both apoptosis inhibition and cell cycle control. However, its inhibitory mechanism and subcellular localization remain controversial. In this report, we provided evidence for the first time that Survivin physically interacts with Smac/DIABLO both in vitro and in vivo. A point mutation (D71R) in the baculovirus IAP repeat motif and a C-terminal deletion mutant (Surv-BIR) of Survivin fail to bind to Smac/DIABLO and abrogate its ability to inhibit apoptosis. The N-terminal of mature Smac/DIABLO is absolutely required for Survivin.Smac complex formation. Subcellular distributions of Survivin and Smac/DIABLO showed that they co-localized within the cytosol during interphase. In addition, Survivin was found to be incapable of binding to caspase. We also identified that the co-presence of Smac/DIABLO and XIAP was required for Survivin to inhibit caspase cleavage in a cell-free system. In conclusion, our results provide the first evidence that the interaction between Smac/DIABLO and Survivin is an essential step underling the inhibition of apoptosis induced by Taxol.
T7- and T3-specific RNA polymerases: characterization and mapping of the in vitro transcripts read from T3 DNA (1977)

The late genetic region of the T3 bacteriophage genome is transcribed by a phage-specified RNA polymerase, the product of T3 gene 1. In vitro, purified T3 RNA polymerase acting with T3 DNA template synthesizes six major RNA products, with molecular weights of 5.5 X 10(6), 4.2 X 10(6), 1.7 X 10(6), 0.87 X 10(6), 0.52 X 10(6), and 0.23 X 10(6). These are designated T3 RNA species I through VI, respectively. These RNAs are formed in equimolar amounts, with the exception of T3 species V, which is made in approximately twice this amount. T3 RNA species I, II, and VI have been mapped by the use of terminally deleted templates and are found to originate from promoters located at 56, 67, and 98% genome length, respectively, and to share a common terminator at approximately 100%. T3 species III, IV, and V must originate from the class III region of the T3 genome between 37.5 and 56%. Although the pattern of transcription by T3 RNA polymerase in vitro closely resembles that of the RNA polymerase from the related phage T7, neither polymerase is able to use major promoter sites for the other enzyme at an appreciable rate.
Conjunctival bacterial flora in diabetic patients (2014)

Conjunctival flora refers to population of microorganisms that dwell within the eyes of healthy individuals and is important in maintaining a healthy ocular surface and normal conjunctival function. Conjunctival flora may be altered by a variety of factors that include age, immunosuppression and geography. Immune function is compromised in diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to see the pattern of conjunctival bacterial flora in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. This cross sectional study was carried out in BSMMU during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. Total 500 conjunctival swabs were collected from both eyes of 50 diabetic patients attending OPD of Endocrinology Department of BSMMU and 200 non-diabetic individuals. Significant number of culture was positive in diabetic patients (64.0%) compared to that of non-diabetic individuals (38.0%). Staphylococcus epidermidis was predominant in both study groups (diabetic vs non-diabetic: 41.3% vs 65.26%). Staphylococcus aureus (15.22%), Escherichia coli (6.52%) and Enterobacter (8.33%) were isolated in diabetic patients. Rate of positive culture in both and single eyes were higher in diabetic (28%, 36.0%) than that of non-diabetic individuals (9.5%, 28.5%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v7i1.17698 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2013; 7(1): 5-8
Two Dosages of Imipramine in Hospitalized Endogenous and Neurotic Depressives (1976)

Fifty-one newly hospitalized depressed patients participated in a double-blind comparison of two dosage levels of imipramine hydrochloride (150 mg vs 300 mg daily). Although some patients were suffering from neurotic depressions, they, together with the endogenous depressives, were a severely depressed group who required hospitalization. Improvement occurred with both dosage regimens, although a greater and more consistent improvement was noted in the 300-mg group than in the 150-mg group. There were a few differences between the response of the endogenous and that of the neurotic depressives, as assessed by the physician and self=rating scales. However, endogenous depressives who received 150 mg were overrepresented in the treatment failure group. A comparison of the response of deluded and nondeluded depressives indicated that the deluded patients responded less well than the nondeluded depressives, although half of the delusional group did respond to the treatment.
Limitation of infarct expansion and ventricular remodeling by late reperfusion. Study of time course and mechanism in a rat model. (1993)

Late reperfusion causes a permanent reduction in postinfarction expansion that is present even after complete infarct healing. The time after coronary occlusion in which reperfusion is of benefit in reducing subsequent expansion and remodeling is substantially longer than previously established. The mechanism by which late reperfusion limits expansion may involve changing the rate of healing and the nature of myocardial necrosis but does not involve preserving subepicardial cells.
Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone prevents wasting syndrome and death in HIV-1 transgenic mice. (1997)

At birth, transgenic mice, homozygous for the HIV-1 provirus pNL4-3, deleted in gag/pol, are normal in appearance and weight. Within several days after birth, the pups develop a syndrome characterized by dry, scaly, hyperkeratotic skin, growth failure, and death. The possibility that the homozygous embryos are being protected during gestation by a maternal factor led us to treat the newborn animals with various pregnancy-related hormones including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen, progesterone, and dexamethasone. Treatment with hCG prevented death, led to normal growth, and markedly reduced skin lesions. In contrast to the skin of the untreated homozygous pups, which expressed high levels of HIV mRNA and proteins (i.e., gp120 and Nef), the skin of the hCG-treated pups showed a marked reduction in both HIV mRNA and proteins. Discontinuation of hCG resulted in the reappearance of HIV transcripts and proteins, skin lesions, and growth failure resulting in death. In addition, HIV transcripts and proteins were reduced significantly in heterozygous mothers during pregnancy, but reappeared after parturition. Similarly, hCG treatment resulted in a decrease of HIV proteins in the skin of nonpregnant heterozygous transgenic mice. These findings suggest that the inhibiting effect of hCG on HIV expression may be clinically useful in the treatment of HIV infections, and may be responsible, during pregnancy, for the low transmission of HIV from infected mothers to their offspring.
An enhanced inter-access point protocol for uniform intra and intersubnet handoffs (2005)

An enhanced IEEE 802.11 inter-access point protocol (IAPP) is proposed to provide a unified solution for both intra and intersubnet handoff processes. The proposed enhancement relies on the access point's (AP's) interoperability with other APs, provided by the IP-based IAPP, so as to enable the intra and intersubnet link-layer frame buffering-and-forwarding. This enhancement not only eliminates frame losses during an intrasubnet handoff but, more importantly, realizes loss-free, fast intersubnet handoffs without modifying the IP-mobility protocols such as mobile IP. Our ns-2-based simulation results show that the intersubnet handoff process is transparent to the mobile host's TCP session. Moreover, the enhanced IAPP supports higher user mobility and achieves a higher TCP throughput - up to 50 percent improvement over the original IAPP.
Constraint-driven bus matrix synthesis for MPSoC (2006)

Modern multi-processor system-on-chip (MPSoC) designs have high bandwidth constraints which must be satisfied by the underlying communication architecture. Bus matrix based communication architectures consist of several parallel buses which provide a suitable backbone to support high bandwidth systems, but suffer from high cost overhead due to extensive bus wiring inside the matrix. Manual traversal of the vast exploration space to synthesize a minimal cost bus matrix that also satisfies performance constraints is practically infeasible. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing an automated approach for synthesizing a bus matrix communication architecture which satisfies all performance constraints in the design and minimizes wire congestion in the matrix. To validate our approach, we consider several industrial strength applications from the networking domain and show that our approach results in up to 9/spl times/ component savings when compared to a full bus matrix and up to 3.2/spl times/ savings when compared to a maximally connected reduced bus matrix.
A Double-Stage Kalman Filter for Orientation Tracking With an Integrated Processor in 9-D IMU (2012)

This paper presents an application-specific integrated processor for an angular estimation system that works with 9-D inertial measurement units. The application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) was implemented on field-programmable gate array and interfaced with a gyro-plus-accelerometer 6-D sensor and with a magnetic compass. Output data were recorded on a personal computer and also used to perform a live demo. During system modeling and design, it was chosen to represent angular position data with a quaternion and to use an extended Kalman filter as sensor fusion algorithm. For this purpose, a novel two-stage filter was designed: The first stage uses accelerometer data, and the second one uses magnetic compass data for angular position correction. This allows flexibility, less computational requirements, and robustness to magnetic field anomalies. The final goal of this work is to realize an upgraded application-specified integrated circuit that controls the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor and integrates the ASIP. This will allow the MEMS sensor gyro plus accelerometer and the angular estimation system to be contained in a single package; this system might optionally work with an external magnetic compass.
Effect of pH, concentration and temperature on copper and zinc hydroxide formation/precipitation in solution (2011)

Understanding the effect of temperature on the speciation of multivalent metals in solution is essential for many applications in industry. The results of the present Cu(II) and Zn(II) solutions speciation studies in tandem with thermodynamic calculations have shown that Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions proliferate in acidic solutions whilst in alkaline medium, solid Cu(OH)2 or Zn(OH)2 colloidal particles form. The extent of metal hydroxide precipitation accentuates with increasing Cu(II) and Zn(II) concentrations or temperature in the manner predicted by thermodynamic modelling. More solid Cu(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2 is formed and precipitates with increased temperature. The influence of temperature and concentration on the hydrolysis of Cu(II) and Zn(II) species, specific adsorption of the hydrolysis products and surface nucleation onto silica particles are shown to have a striking impact on the zeta potential at high pH.
The effect of conductive borehole water on borehole radar (2004)

A wire dipole was modeled, without resistive loading. Even without loading, the modeled results correspond to the experimental results. Modeling suggests that the conductive water forms an extension to the arm of the antenna, dramatically altering the time domain response of the antenna. While conductive water does have some screening effect on the radar antenna, lowering the signal strength of the transmitted pulse, its main effect is to change the coupling between the antenna and the surrounding rock. Unexpected wave modes can then be set up causing anomalous responses in early time. Modeling suggests that minimal isolation between the antenna and the borehole can remove the anomalous response.
A decision-analytic stopping rule for validation of commercial software systems (2000)

The decision of when to release a software product commercially is not a question of when the software has attained some objectively justifiable degree of correctness. It is, rather, a question of whether the software achieves a reasonable balance among engineering objectives, market demand, customer requirements, and marketing directives of the software organization. We present a rigorous framework for addressing this important decision. Conjugate distributions from statistical decision theory provide an attractive means of modeling the cost and rate of bugs given information acquired during software testing, as well as prior information provided by software engineers about the fidelity of the software before testing begins. In contrast to other methods, the stopping analysis yields a computationally simple rule for deciding when to release a commercial software product based on information revealed to engineers during software testing-complicated numerical procedures are not needed. Our method has the added benefits that it is sequential: it measures explicitly the costs of customer dissatisfaction associated with bugs as well as the costs of declining market position while the testing process continues; and it incorporates a practical framework for cost-criticality assessment that makes sense to professional software developers.