gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Robust Watermarking Resistant Againts Copy Attack (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Cytofluorographic analysis of receptors for IgA on human polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes and the correlation of receptor expression with phagocytosis (1983)

Receptors for the Fc portion of IgA (RFc alpha) were identified on human monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) by cytofluorograph analysis using FITC-labeled IgA and by rosette formation with IgA-sensitized indicator cells. Larger percentages of PMNs obtained from the oral cavity expressed RFc alpha than did blood PMNs. These oral PMNs also expressed more RFc alpha per cell than blood PMNs. Moreover, the expression of these receptors on blood PMNs was enhanced by overnight incubation with IgA. In functional studies, RFc alpha appeared to cooperate with receptors for IgG in enhancing blood and oral PMN mediated phagocytosis of target cells coated with IgG and IgA. Furthermore, and in contrast with blood PMNs, oral PMNs were capable of phagocytosing target cells coated with IgA alone. Thus, receptors for IgA may be important to the ability of RFc alpha bearing effector cell populations to mediate protection at mucosal surfaces.
The Reasonable Crowd: Towards evidence-based and interpretable models of driving behavior (2021)

Autonomous vehicles must balance a complex set of objectives. There is no consensus on how they should do so, nor on a model for specifying a desired driving behavior. We created a dataset to help address some of these questions in a limited operating domain. The data consists of 92 traffic scenarios, with multiple ways of traversing each scenario. Multiple annotators expressed their preference between pairs of scenario traversals. We used the data to compare an instance of a rulebook [1], carefully hand-crafted independently of the dataset, with several interpretable machine learning models such as Bayesian networks, decision trees, and logistic regression trained on the dataset. To compare driving behavior, these models use scores indicating by how much different scenario traversals violate each of 14 driving rules. The rules are interpretable and designed by subject-matter experts. First, we found that these rules were enough for these models to achieve a high classification accuracy on the dataset. Second, we found that the rulebook provides high interpretability without excessively sacrificing performance. Third, the data pointed to possible improvements in the rulebook and the rules, and to potential new rules. Fourth, we explored the interpretability vs performance trade-off by also training non-interpretable models such as a random forest. Finally, we make the dataset publicly available to encourage a discussion from the wider community on behavior specification for AVs. Please find it at github.com/bassam-motional/Reasonable-Crowd.
<title>Implementation of a foveated image coding system for image bandwidth reduction</title> (1996)

We have developed a preliminary version of a foveated imaging system, implemented on a general purpose computer, which greatly reduces the transmission bandwidth of images. The system is based on the fact that the spatial resolution of the human eye is space variant, decreasing with increasing eccentricity from the point of gaze. By taking advantage of this fact, it is possible to create an image that is almost perceptually indistinguishable from a constant resolution image, but requires substantially less information to code it. This is accomplished by degrading the resolution of the image so that it matches the space-variant degradation in the resolution of the human eye. Eye movements are recorded so that the high resolution region of the image can be kept aligned with the high resolution region of the human visual system. This system has demonstrated that significant reductions in bandwidth can be achieved while still maintaining access to high detail at any point in an image. The system has been tested using 256 by 256 8 bit gray scale images with a 20 degree field-of-view and eye-movement update rates of 30 Hz (display refresh was 60 Hz). users of the system have reported minimal perceptual artifacts at bandwidth reductions of up to 94.7% (a factor of 18.8). Bandwidth reduction factors of over 100 are expected once lossless compression techniques are added to the system.
Induction of Islet Cell Differentiation and New Islet Formation in the Hamster–Further Support for a Ductular Origin (1996)

Partial obstruction of the adult hamster pancreas leads to islet cell differentiation and new islet formation. From morphologic and morphometric observations, we have tentatively identified the source of the new islet tissue to be from cells in the ducts. In this study, in vivo labeling with a single pulse of tritiated thymidine after partial duct obstruction was used to ascertain whether newly formed islet cells were in fact derived from cells in the ductal epithelium. Supportive evidence for this formulation was also sought using immunocytochemistry for islet hormones and in situ hybridization for glucagon and insulin mRNA to probe areas of proliferating duct cells. Endocrine cell differentiation was observed as a migration of cells out from small ducts beginning at about 10 days after obstruction. Duct and islet cell labeling indices (LI;%) in control animals remained at a low level (0.25 +/- 0.01 and 0.26 +/- 0.03, respectively) throughout the experiment. In contrast, at 2 weeks after partial obstruction, the duct and islet cell LI were 4.2 +/- 0.7 and 0.80 +/- 0.1 (p < 0.05 vs. control). After 2 weeks, there was a rapid and significant 86% decline in the duct cell LI to a low of 0.6 +/- 0.2 at 8 weeks, which was accompanied by a comparable, but reciprocal, 113% increase in the islet cell LI to a high of 1.7 +/- 0.8 (p < 0.05). In situ hybridization demonstrated glucagon and insulin mRNA-positive cells within intralobular ducts as early as 6 and 8 days, respectively, after obstruction. Glucagon and insulin peptides appeared in these cells at approximately 8 and 10 days, respectively, as cells migrated out from the duct wall. This study provides additional evidence that further supports our concept that pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation in this model reiterates the normal ontogeny of beta cell differentiation from cells in the ductular epithelium.
Multiphase flow imaging by Capacitance Tomography using Simulated Annealing Inversion (2003)

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a technique for obtaining crosssectional images of the electrical permittivity distribution inside an electrically non-conducting body. It can be used to map the composition of two-phase mixtures like gas-oil systems and provides a useful tool for multiphase flow visualization and measurement and potential applications in petroleum industry. The ECT sensor collects the measured capacitances which are then inverted with a suitable reconstruction algorithm in order to produce an image of the permittivity distribution. But the linear, iterative or regularizing inversion techniques commonly used introduce unwanted smoothing effects in the reconstructed images, may become unstable or may not converge towards the desired solution. In this work we apply the simulated annealing (SA) method to the reconstruction images from ECT measurements. The forward problem is calculated by using a finite volume space discretization mehod to avoid geometrical singularities (as occurs with a classical finite difference method), and to take advantage from its conservative formulation. We test the SA inversion method using static physical models and simulate the typical distribution patterns of two-component flows. This inversion technique has some advantages over approaches based on damping least-square inversions: they find good solutions starting with poor initial models, implement more easily complex a priori information, and do not introduce smoothing effects in the final permittivities.
Phase Equilibria of Cu-In-Se III. The In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>-Se-Cu<sub>2</sub>Se Subsystem (2000)

In three subsequent publications we report new results on the phase equilibria of Cu-In-Se. In part I and part II, we have described the In 2 Se 3 -Cu 2 Se isopleth (subsystem I), which constitutes a quasibinary section, and the InIn 2 Se 3 -Cu 2 Se-Cu subsystem (subsystem II). The present and final part, part III, deals with the subsystem In 2 Se 3 -Se-Cu 2 Se (subsystem III) and completes our investigation of the entire composition triangle. For the In 2 Se 3 -Se-Cu 2 Se subsystem we describe the liquidus surface, two reaction schemes of the phase equilibria, and three different isopleths. Isothermal sections at 900°C, 800°C, and 500°C connect this subsystem to the subsystems I and II. Finally, we discuss the phase equilibria of the Cu-In-Se system as a whole. In total, we have found forty four-phase planes in this system, eighteen critical tie lines, and twenty-nine different liquidus surfaces. Monotectic and metatectic critical tie lines establish four surfaces of primary crystallization for the a phase (CuInSe 2 ), a semiconductor with promising properties for thin-film solar cells. At 500°C, the typical temperature for the fabrication of such solar cells, the a phase is in equilibrium with eight solid phases and one liquid phase. Our results help to develop new processing strategies and reveal what kind of complications may occur.
URINE-DERIVED STEM CELLS FOR UROLOGICAL INJECTION THERAPY (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used for regenerative medicine. Traditionally, the procedures of MSC isolation are usually invasive and time-consuming. Urine is merely a body waste, and recent studies have suggested that urine represents an alternative source of stem cells. We, therefore, determined whether the possibility of isolating mesenchymal-like stem cells was practical from human urine.A total of 16 urine samples were collected from pediatric patients. Urine-derived cells were isolated, expanded, and identified for specific cell surface markers using flow cytometry. Cell morphology was observed by microscopy. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential were determinded by culturing cells in specific induction medium, and assessed by alkaline phosphatase and oil red O stainings, respectively.Clones were established and passaged successfully from primary cultures of urine cells. Cultured urine-derived cells at passage 3 were fusiform and arranged with certain directionality.Urine-derived cells at passage 5 displayed expressions of cell surface markers (CD29, CD105, CD166, CD90, and CD13). There was no expression of the general hematopoietic cell markers (CD45, CD34, and HLA-DR). Under in vitro induction conditions, urine-derived cells at passage 5 were able to differentiate into osteoblasts, but not adipocytes.Urine may be a noninvasive source for mesenchymal-like stem cells. These cells could potentially provide a new source of autologous stem cells for regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
Discovery of a 4-Azetidinyl-1-thiazoyl-cyclohexane CCR2 Antagonist as a Development Candidate (2012)

We have discovered a novel series of 4-azetidinyl-1-aryl-cyclohexanes as CCR2 antagonists. Divergent SAR studies on hCCR2 and hERG activities led to the discovery of compound 8d, which displayed good hCCR2 binding affinity (IC50, 37 nM) and potent functional antagonism (chemotaxis IC50, 30 nM). It presented an IC50 of >50 μM in inhibition of the hERG channel and had no effect on the QTc interval up to 10 mg/kg (i.v.) in anesthetized guinea pig and dog CV studies. It also displayed high selectivity over other chemokine receptors and GPCRs, and amendable oral bioavailability in dogs and primates. In a thioglycollate-induced inflammation model in hCCR2KI mice, it had ED50 of 3 mg/kg on inhibition of the influx of leukocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and T-lymphocytes.
High Voltage Operation of Ni‐Rich NMC Cathodes Enabled by Stable Electrode/Electrolyte Interphases (2018)

Abstract The lithium (Li) metal battery (LMB) is one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, it is still a significant challenge to operate LMBs with high voltage cathodes under high rate conditions. In this work, an LMB using a nickel‐rich layered cathode of LiNi 0.76 Mn 0.14 Co 0.10 O 2 (NMC76) and an optimized electrolyte [0.6 m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide + 0.4 m lithium bis(oxalato)borate + 0.05 m LiPF 6 dissolved in ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate (4:6 by weight)] demonstrates excellent stability at a high charge cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. Remarkably, these Li||NMC76 cells can deliver a high discharge capacity of >220 mA h g −1 (846 W h kg −1 ) and retain more than 80% capacity after 1000 cycles at high charge/discharge current rates of 2C/2C (1C = 200 mA g −1 ). This excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the greatly enhanced structural/interfacial stability of both the Ni‐rich NMC76 cathode material and the Li metal anode using the optimized electrolyte.
Revision of the loose glenoid component in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. (2013)

Loosening of the glenoid component is a frequent cause of failure of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The etiology of glenoid component loosening is multifactorial and includes aseptic osteolysis, rotator cuff insufficiency, soft tissue instability, and infection. A loose glenoid component is frequently associated with a substantial loss of glenoid bone, which necessitates additional procedures to implant a new component. Several studies have shown that patients with a new glenoid component have better clinical outcomes, which makes successful glenoid reimplantation a priority. The reconstructive options when facing a loose glenoid component in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty include the established techniques of reaming the high side or bone grafting the deficient glenoid combined with a one or two stage revision. Augmented glenoid components may allow surgeons to limit eccentric reaming or the extent of bone grafting necessary in a bone deficient glenoid. The reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is emerging as a useful reconstructive option capable of addressing bony and soft tissue problems encountered in revision TSA. The ream-and-run procedure remains the least desirable option in the face of significant glenoid bone deficiency. The increasing use of augmented glenoids and rTSA in revision TSA may provide opportunities for new areas of clinical outcomes research in this challenging reconstructive problem.
Robust monolithic polymer(resorcinol-formaldehyde) reinforced alumina aerogel composites with mutually interpenetrating networks (2019)

Monolithic polymer(resorcinol-formaldehyde) reinforced alumina (RF/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) aerogel composites were prepared using a sol-gel method and supercritical fluid CO<sub>2</sub> drying. The formation mechanism, chemical compositions, pore structures, morphologies, thermal and mechanical performances of RF/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> aerogel composites with different RF/Al molar ratios were investigated. The results show that the two networks of organic resorcinol-formaldehyde and inorganic alumina are completely independent of one another. The as-synthesized RF/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> aerogels consist of spherical organic carbon particles and fibrous alumina, which possess low bulk density (0.077-0.112 g cm<sup>-3</sup>), low shrinkage (1.55-2.76%), low thermal conductivity (0.024-0.028 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), and high specific surface area (453.26-722.75 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>). Especially, the sample prepared with molar ratio RF/Al = 1 shows the best network structure with the higher compressive strength (1.83 MPa) and Young's modulus (122.57 MPa). The resulting robust RF/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> aerogel composites could be potentially used as thermal insulators, catalysts and adsorbents.
Diagnosis of Gonorrhea Using a Genetic Transformation Test on Mailed Clinical Specimens (1982)

The genetic transformation test (GTT), a technique used for the detection of gonococcal DNA in clinical specimens, was compared with culture testing for the diagnosis of gonorrhea. At the De Kalb County Venereal Disease Clinic, Decatur, Ga., 454 cervical and 160 rectal specimens from women and 191 urethral specimens from men were collected in duplicate. One of each of the two specimens from each anatomic site was immediately plated on Martin-Lewis medium and incubated; the other specimen was mailed to Philadelphia for a GTT. Using culture results as a standard, the GTT had a specificity of 98.1% although some "false-positive" GTT results were probably a reflection of false-negative culture results. The sensitivity of the GTT was greater than 96% except when specimens were collected with Culturettes (Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.). In situations where Gram staining is not appropriate or where on-site culture facilities are not available, GTT may be the method of choice for the diagnosis of gonorrhea.
From a fully ballistic FET to ultra-low noise cryogenic HEMTs (2016)

Based on AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction, a 2DEG (Two dimensional Electron Gas) with high electron mobility at low temperature can be obtained and used to investigate quantum transports of electrons at low temperature in mesoscopic physics. Beyond the basic research, we used a 2DEG and the QPC (Quantum Point Contact) configuration to demonstrate a fully ballistic FET (Field-Effect Transistor) at 4.2 K and the experimental result is confirmed by the simulation, using Landauer-Buttiker formalism from the mesoscopic physics. The know-how in mesoscopic devices and ballistic FET under cryogenic conditions allowed us to realize specific cryogenic HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) and to decrease their noise voltage and noise current to the range of sub-nV/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> and of aA/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> , respectively. Really, these HEMTs fill a gap in high impedance and low-frequency deep cryogenic readout electronics and few applications will be shown.
Behavior Based Human Authentication on Touch Screen Devices Using Gestures and Signatures (2016)

With the rich functionalities and enhanced computing capabilities available on mobile computing devices with touch screens, users not only store sensitive information (such as credit card numbers) but also use privacy sensitive applications (such as online banking) on these devices, which make them hot targets for hackers and thieves. To protect private information, such devices typically lock themselves after a few minutes of inactivity and prompt a password/PIN/pattern screen when reactivated. Passwords/ PINs/patterns based schemes are inherently vulnerable to shoulder surfing attacks and smudge attacks. In this paper, we propose BEAT, an authentication scheme for touch screen devices that authenticates users based on their behavior of performing certain actions on the touch screens. An action is either a gesture, which is a brief interaction of a user's fingers with the touch screen such as swipe rightwards, or a signature, which is the conventional unique handwritten depiction of one's name. Unlike existing authentication schemes for touch screen devices, which use what user inputs as the authentication secret, BEAT authenticates users mainly based on howthey input, using distinguishing features such as velocity, device acceleration, and stroke time. Even if attackers see what action a user performs, they cannot reproduce the behavior of the user doing those actions through shoulder surfing or smudge attacks. We implemented BEATon Samsung Focus smart phones and Samsung Slate tablets running Windows, collected 15,009 gesture samples and 10,054 signature samples, and conducted real-time experiments to evaluate its performance. Experimental results show that, with only 25 training samples, for gestures, BEATachieves an average equal error rate of 0.5 percent with three gestures and for signatures, it achieves an average equal error rate of 0.52 percent with single signature.
Tethered protein/peptide-surface-modified hydrogels (2004)

We investigated a wet chemistry method to covalently bond polyethylene glycol (PEG)-tethered extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (laminin and fibronectin) or peptide (fibronectin-adhesion-peptide sequence) onto the surface of a poly(2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate-co-methylacrylic acid) (PHEMA/MAA) hydrogel that could potentially be used as a replacement for corneal tissue in the eye. An essential requirement for the success of such a surface in the biological environment is its ability to support the growth and attachment of corneal epithelial cells; ECM proteins are known to promote cellular attachment and growth. We hypothesized that the use of tethers or long hydrophilic chains would allow the attached ECM protein/peptide molecules to move two-dimensionally in space, thereby increasing their ability to bind with epithelial cell membranes. Additionally, the tethers would prevent the specifically added growth-enhancing factors from being obscured by any non-specific protein binding occurring on the hydrogel surface. In this surface-modification study, carbodiimidazole (CDI) was used to activate the carboxylic groups (-COOH) on the hydrogel surface in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) before addition of the PEGylated proteins/peptide. The resulting tethered protein/peptide surface-modified hydrogels were analyzed in terms of percent grafting efficiency, biological activity and mechanical properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 125I radioactive labeling demonstrated the successful covalent bonding between the moieties and the hydrogel surface. Radiolabeling and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies indicated that the tethered proteins attached to the hydrogel surface at a concentration of approx. 0.1 microg/cm2. ELISA testing further showed that tethered proteins remained biologically active. However, mechanical tensile testing indicated that the mechanical properties of these chemically modified hydrogels were somewhat altered in comparison with the unmodified hydrogel. Future studies will evaluate the cellular response to these surface-modified materials in vitro and in vivo.
VARIABLE STEP-SIZE LEAST MEAN SQUARE ALGORITHM S OVER ADAPTIVE NETWORKS (2010)

This paper presents two new variations for algorithms over adaptive networks using a variable step-size strategy in or­ der to enhance the overall performance. Variable step-size least mean square (VSSLMS) algorithms for incremental as well as diffusion strategies are studied and the results are compared with existing results. A comparison is done with the recently proposed Diffusion LMS algorithm with adap­ tive combiners and it is shown that VSSLMS provides a sim­ plified solution than that of the Diffusion LMS algorithm with adaptive combiners. Also, a great improvement in per­ formance is obtained when compared with the fixed step­ size Incremental and Diffusion LMS techniques.
Low-head hydroelectric power using pneumatic conversion (1989)

New hydroelectric power installations at low-head river sites are often an uneconomic proposition using conventional water turbines. This article deals with alternative power-conversion systems based on air as an intermediate fluid which are aimed at achieving a more economic solution to the problem. A novel water-to-air power-conversion system has been built at Borrowash on the River Derwent which utilises a flexible membrane as a self-oscillating interface between water and air to drive an air turbine and generator. Problems of this new technology are discussed and a number of improvements are proposed which should lead to a viable and economic alternative to conventional low-head hydro stations