gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVALUATING A PROTOTYPE ESSAY SCORING PROCEDURE USING OFF‐THE‐SHELF SOFTWARE (1995)

ABSTRACT Constructed‐response items, whose responses consist of words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and essays are among the most difficult and costly to score. The increased use of constructed‐response items like essays creates a need for tools to partially or fully automatically score these responses. This study explores one approach to analyzing essay‐length natural language constructed‐responses. In this study we develop and evaluate a decision model for scoring essays. The decision model uses off‐the‐shelf software for grammar and style checking of the English language. The first part of this study consisted of an evaluation of several commercial grammar checking programs. From this evaluation we select the best performing grammar checking programs to construct a decision model for scoring the essays. The second part of the study uses data produced from the selected grammar checking program(s) to make a decision about the score for an essay. Through statistical and linguistic methods, we analyze the performance of the decision model in an effort to understand its usefulness and practicality in a production scoring setting.
Multispectral endoscopy and microscopy imaging system using a spectrally programmable light engine (2005)

We report a spectrally and temporally programmable light engine based on a spatial light modulator that can dynamically create any narrow or broadband spectral profile for hyperspectral, fluorescence, or principal component imaging. Most hyperspectral or multispectral imaging systems use wavelength selection devices such as acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs), tunable grating or prism-based monochromators, or filter wheels. While these devices can select wavelengths they cannot create arbitrary spectral profiles. This simple and economical system can be controlled at high speed (up to 5000 illumination profiles per second). Digitally controlled illumination is bit additive with image data providing high dynamic range imaging with monochrome or color imaging devices. This is especially advantageous for endoscopes employing small well CCD or CMOS sensors since the dynamic range now can extend beyond the limits of the sensor itself. In this report we show multispectral images of in vivo tissue and in vitro tissue samples using endoscopes, surgical microscopes and conventional microscopes.
Simultaneous templating of polymer nanocapsules and entrapped silver nanoparticles (2010)

Nanorattles made of hollow polymer nanocapsules with entrapped silver nanoparticles were synthesized in one step by using lipid vesicles as templates. Free radical photoinitiator facilitated both polymerization within the bilayer and formation of metal nanoparticles in the aqueous core.
An Affordable Bio-Sensing and Activity Tagging Platform for HCI Research (2018)

We present a novel multi-modal bio-sensing platform capable of integrating multiple data streams for use in real-time applications. The system is composed of a central compute module and a companion headset. The compute node collects, time-stamps and transmits the data while also providing an interface for a wide range of sensors including electroencephalogram, photoplethysmogram, electrocardiogram, and eye gaze among others. The companion headset contains the gaze tracking cameras. By integrating many of the measurements systems into an accessible package, we are able to explore previously unanswerable questions ranging from open-environment interactions to emotional response studies. Though some of the integrated sensors are designed from the ground-up to fit into a compact form factor, we validate the accuracy of the sensors and find that they perform similarly to, and in some cases better than, alternatives.
Scelp: Lowdelay audio coding with noise shaping based on spherical vector quantization (2006)

In this contribution a new wideband audio coding concept is presented that provides good audio quality at bit rates below 3 bits per sample with an algorithmic delay of less than 10 ms.The new concept is based on the principle of Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) in an analysis-by-synthesis framework, as known from speech coding.A spherical codebook is used for quantization at bit rates which are higher in comparison to low bit rate speech coding for improved performance for audio signals.For superior audio quality, noise shaping is employed to mask the coding noise.In order to reduce the computational complexity of the encoder, the analysis-bysynthesis framework has been adapted for the spherical codebook to enable a very efficient excitation vector search procedure.The codec principle can be adapted to a large variety of application scenarios.In terms of audio quality, the new codec outperforms ITU-T G. 722 [4] at the same bit rate of 48 kbit/sec and a sample rate of 16 kHz.
Characterization of a Radiation-Pressure-Driven Micromechanical Oscillator (2006)

We present results of an experimental study of the oscillation frequency, linewidth, RF-spectrum and the phase noise of a radiation-pressure-driven optomechanical oscillator in a microtoroidal geometry. Through this study we identify the critical parameters that can be used for tailoring the desired characteristics of this device
Are the Duocarmycin and CC-1065 DNA Alkylation Reactions Acid-Catalyzed? Solvolysis pH−Rate Profiles Suggest They Are Not (1999)

A study of the solvolysis pH-rate profiles for two key reactive CC-1065/duocarmycin alkylation subunit analogues is detailed. Unlike the authentic alkylation subunits and N-BOC-CBI (4) which are too stable to establish complete solvolysis pH-rate profiles, the analogues N-BOC-CBQ (5) and N-BOC-CNA (6) are reactive throughout the pH range of 2-12. Moreover, they possess progressively diminished vinylogous amide conjugation resulting in a corresponding progressively increasing reactivity adopting and reflecting conformations analogous to that proposed for DNA-bound CC-1065. For both, the acid-catalyzed reaction was observed only at the lower pH of 2-5, and the uncatalyzed solvolysis reaction rate dominated at pH >/=6, indicating that the CC-1065 and duocarmycin DNA alkylation reaction observed at pH 7.4 need not be an acid-catalyzed reaction. The studies provide further strong evidence that catalysis for the DNA alkylation reaction (pH 7.4) is derived from a DNA binding-induced conformational change in the agents that disrupts the stabilizing alkylation subunit vinylogous amide conjugation activating the agents for nucleophilic attack independent of pH.
Vertical cavity single quantum well laser (1989)

We have achieved room-temperature pulsed and cw lasing at 980 nm in an optically pumped vertical cavity structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy containing only a single quantum well (SQW) of In0.2Ga0.8As. Limited gain due to the extremely short active material length of 80 Å implies that losses due to absorption, scattering, and mirror transmission are extremely low. Using 10 ps pump pulses at 860 or 880 nm, the estimated energy density absorbed in the spacer was ∼12 fJ/μm2 at threshold, indicating a carrier density approximately four times that required for transparency. Continuous wave pumping yielded an estimated threshold absorbed intensity of ∼7 μW/μm2.
Sectored interstitial ultrasound applicators for angular control of MR-guided thermal therapy (Invited Paper) (2005)

Hyperthermia and high temperature thermal therapy are currently used in the clinical treatment for a variety of cancers. Despite the increasing use of thermal therapies, heat treatments have not gained large-scale clinical acceptance, due in part to inconsistencies in controlling heat deposition in vivo and the lack of precise temperature measurement. Interstitial ultrasound applicators provide superior spatial control of power deposition and heating patterns compared to other interstitial techniques. Real-time MR temperature imaging (MRTI) provides thermal therapies with an accurate, non-invasive method for measuring temperature within the body during treatment. In this study, three MR-compatible water-cooled interstitial ultrasound applicators designs were developed and evaluated for dynamic angular control of the thermal dose to a target area. Two of the applicator designs utilize an ultrasound transducer separated into three individually powered sectors allowing the user to control heating deposition for the creation of odd size and shape thermal lesions. The third design utilizes a 90o sectored transducer that can be rotated to target the thermal treatment to a specified area. Comparisons and predictions of the in vivo performance of all applicators was examined with experiments in ex vivo tissue and simulations created by a biothermal model that incorporates changes in acoustic attenuation and perfusion as a function of thermal dose. Ex vivo experiments with real-time MRTI correlated well with results from the biothermal model. The results of this study bracket the feasibility and potential in vivo performance of the applicator designs for minimally invasive cancer treatment with MRTI.
Characterization of Epitope-Specific Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Anti-RSV) Antibody Responses after Natural Infection and after Vaccination with Formalin-Inactivated RSV (2016)

RSV is an importance cause of hospitalization of infants. The development of a vaccine against RSV has been hampered by the disastrous results obtained with FI-RSV vaccine preparations in the 1960s that resulted in vaccination-induced enhancement of disease. To get a better understanding of the antibody repertoire induced after infection or after vaccination against RSV, we investigated antibody levels against fusion (F) protein, attachment (G) protein, and F-specific epitopes in human and animal sera. The results indicate the importance of prefusion-specific antigenic site Ø antibodies as well as of antibodies targeting other epitopes in virus neutralization. However, vaccination of cotton rats with FI-RSV specifically resulted in the induction of weakly neutralizing, antigenic site I-specific antibodies, which may play a role in the enhancement of disease observed after vaccination with such preparations.
Automated astatination of biomolecules – a stepping stone towards multicenter clinical trials (2015)

To facilitate multicentre clinical studies on targeted alpha therapy, it is necessary to develop an automated, on-site procedure for conjugating rare, short-lived, alpha-emitting radionuclides to biomolecules. Astatine-211 is one of the few alpha-emitting nuclides with appropriate chemical and physical properties for use in targeted therapies for cancer. Due to the very short range of the emitted α-particles, this therapy is particularly suited to treating occult, disseminated cancers. Astatine is not intrinsically tumour-specific; therefore, it requires an appropriate tumour-specific targeting vector, which can guide the radiation to the cancer cells. Consequently, an appropriate method is required for coupling the nuclide to the vector. To increase the availability of astatine-211 radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy, their production should be automated. Here, we present a method that combines dry distillation of astatine-211 and a synthesis module for producing radiopharmaceuticals into a process platform. This platform will standardize production of astatinated radiopharmaceuticals, and hence, it will facilitate large clinical studies focused on this promising, but chemically challenging, alpha-emitting radionuclide. In this work, we describe the process platform, and we demonstrate the production of both astaine-211, for preclinical use, and astatine-211 labelled antibodies.
SynthAssist (2014)

While programming an audio synthesizer can be difficult, if a user has a general idea of the sound they are trying to program, they may be able to imitate it with their voice. In this technical demonstration, we demonstrate SynthAssist, a system that allows the user to program an audio synthesizer using vocal imitation and interactive feedback. This system treats synthesizer programming as an audio information retrieval task. To account for the limitations of the human voice, it compares vocal imitations to synthesizer sounds by using both absolute and relative temporal shapes of relevant audio features, and it refines the query and feature weights using relevance feedback.
Liquid lens enabling real-time focus and tilt compensation for optical image stabilization in camera modules (2010)

A new generation of liquid lenses based on electrowetting has been developed, using a multi-electrode design, enabling to induce optical tilt and focus corrections in the same component. The basic principle is to rely on a conical shape for supporting the liquid interface, the conical shape insuring a restoring force for the liquid liquid interface to come at the center position. The multi-electrode design enables to induce an average tilt of the liquid liquid interface when a bias voltage is applied to the different electrodes. This tilt is reversible, vanishing when voltage bias is cancelled. Possible application of this new lens component is the realization of miniature camera featuring auto-focus and optical image stabilization (OIS) without any mobile mechanical part. Experimental measurements of actual performances of liquid lens component will be presented : focus and tilt amplitude, residual optical wave front error and response time.
Photoluminescence Imaging for Photovoltaic Applications (2012)

Photoluminescence (PL) imaging is a versatile technique for the characterisation of silicon samples across almost the entire photovoltaic (PV) value chain. Within only a few years after the first demonstration of PL imaging on large-area silicon wafers at the University of New South Wales in 2005, this measurement principle has quickly evolved into a standard method for process monitoring in R&D and is now being used at most PV research institutes and leading wafer and solar cell manufacturers. The first part of this paper provides a brief overview on PL imaging and discusses some specific applications and quantitative analysis methods, including spatially resolved calibrated minority carrier lifetime and series resistance measurements. The high resolution and short measurement time of PL imaging also allow a range of applications for inline process monitoring in production. Emphasis is given in the second part of this paper to PL imaging applications in solar cell manufacturing at an early stage of the PV value chain, specifically the characterisation of silicon bricks and ingots prior to wafer cutting and of as-cut wafers prior to solar cell processing.
A data-driven demand charge management solution for behind-the-meter storage applications (2017)

In recent years, developments of the behind the meter energy managements systems (BTM-EMSs) has been considered as an effective approach to manage the energy usage of the industrial/commercial units. As the one of the most important missions, BTM-EMSs are responsible to reduce the customers' monthly demand peaks which is rewarded by significant decrease in the monthly demand charge. However, the unpredicted behavior of individual electricity loads casts a shadow over the profitability of installing BTM storage units. In this paper, a data driven demand charge management solution (DCMS) is proposed to find and realize the minimum achievable monthly demand peak, also called demand charge threshold (DCT), by appropriate battery storage charging and discharging. The proposed approach uses the last few months load profile to calculate time series of DCTs and then searches for the similar DCT time series of other observed loads stored in the data set. Finally, the obtained similar time series are employed to forecast the DCT of the coming month. The efficiency of the proposed approach is validated through the simulation studies on the real value load data.
Integration of monocular cues to create depth effect (2002)

This paper presents a novel approach for using monocular cues in a single 2D image to improve depth perception. Monocular depth cues-blur, shading, brightness, and occlusion-are applied to 2D images. The contribution of the first three cues to depth perception is additive, each weight being equivalent. Since occlusion cues modify the object geometry, they are applied after the application of other cues. Results show that monocular depth cues can successfully improve depth perception in a single 2D image, creating a pseudo 3D image. The advantage of this approach is that it requires a single image, rather than an image pair used in traditional methods. The main limitation is that only depth perception, not precise depth measurements, is possible. This work looks very promising for low bitrate video coding and other applications where bandwidth is limited.
Simulating Outcomes of Cataract Surgery: Important Advances in Ophthalmology (2021)

As the human eye ages, the crystalline lens stiffens (presbyopia) and opacifies (cataract), requiring its replacement with an artificial lens [intraocular lens (IOL)]. Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the world. The increase in IOL designs has not been paralleled in practice by a sophistication in IOL selection methods, which rely on limited anatomical measurements of the eye and the surgeon's interpretation of the patient's needs and expectations. We propose that the future of IOL selection will be guided by 3D quantitative imaging of the crystalline lens to map lens opacities, anticipate IOL position, and develop fully customized eye models for ray-tracing-based IOL selection. Conversely, visual simulators (in which IOL designs are programmed in active elements) allow patients to experience prospective vision before surgery and to make more informed decisions about which IOL to choose. Quantitative imaging and optical and visual simulations of postsurgery outcomes will allow optimal treatments to be selected for a patient undergoing modern cataract surgery.
Decomposition of hydrogen sulfide in on electric discharge (1973)

Hydrogen sulfide was decomposed to elemental sulfur in an electrical discharge. With He, N/sub 2/, or Ar diluents, a threshold voltage between 1 and 3 kV was required for the decomposition reaction to occur in a laboratory ozonizer. Above the threshold voltage, the H/sub 2/S decomposition rate increased with increasing voltage, but the increase was more pronounced with argon diluent than with either nitrogen or helium. In common with other reactions in an electrical discharge, the H/sub 2/S decomposition decreased with increasing temperature in the range of -41/sup 0/ to +61/sup 0/C. The reaction did not appear to be rate controlled by a solid-gas sorption step because the introduction of activated charcoal into the electrical discharge zone did not significantly affect the decomposition yield. In the presence of polymeric chlorofluorocarbon oil, 90 percent conversion of the 3-percent H/sub 2/S in helium was obtained at 14 kV, 60 Hz, a 2-mm electrode gap, and a gas-residence time greater than 1 min. Under the same experimental conditions in the absence of oil, the conversion was only about 50 percent.
Abstract 1192: Impedance based kinetic cellular response profiling in drug discovery and development (2010)

Abstract A novel cell-based kinetic profiling approach using impedance readout for monitoring the effect of small molecule compounds will be described. This non-invasive readout allows continuous sampling of cellular responses to biologically active compounds and the ensuing kinetic profile provides information regarding the temporal interaction of compounds with cells. The utility of this approach was tested in two approaches. First, compounds with similar mechanism of action produced similar impedance-based time-dependent cell response profiles (TCRP). The TCRP was used to identify novel mechanisms for existing drugs and also identified potential off-target activity for COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib and the experimental compound, monastrol. The second approach entailed using this profiling approach to screen a 120,000 compound library. We identified novel anti-mitotic compounds as well as compounds interfering with DNA synthesis. Furthermore, we also identified compounds specific for oncogene addiction pathways. We will present data in support of both approaches in this presentation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1192.
Arterial spin labeling for the measurement of cerebral perfusion and angiography (2017)

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an MRI technique that was first proposed a quarter of a century ago. It offers the prospect of non-invasive quantitative measurement of cerebral perfusion, making it potentially very useful for research and clinical studies, particularly where multiple longitudinal measurements are required. However, it has suffered from a number of challenges, including a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, and a confusing number of sequence variants, thus hindering its clinical uptake. Recently, however, there has been a consensus adoption of an accepted acquisition and analysis framework for ASL, and thus a better penetration onto clinical MRI scanners. Here, we review the basic concepts in ASL and describe the current state-of-the-art acquisition and analysis approaches, and the versatility of the method to perform both quantitative cerebral perfusion measurement, along with quantitative cerebral angiographic measurement.
A strong early acting wound‐inducible promoter, RbPCD1pro, activates cryIAc expression within minutes of wounding to impart efficient protection against insects (2019)

The expression of insecticidal proteins under constitutive promoters in transgenic plants is fraught with problems like developmental abnormalities, yield drag, expression in unwanted tissues, and seasonal changes in expression. RbPCD1pro, a rapid, early acting wound-inducible promoter from rose that is activated within 5 min of wounding, was isolated and characterized. Wounding increased transcript levels up to 150 and 500 folds within 5 and 20 min coupled with high translation as seen by histochemical GUS enzyme activity within 5-20 min. RbPCD1pro was activated by both sucking and chewing insects and showed wound-inducible expression in various aerial tissues of plants representing commercially important dicot and monocot families. The promoter showed no expression in any vegetative tissue except upon wounding. Functionality of RbPCD1pro was tested by its ability to drive expression of the insecticidal protein gene cryIAc in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato. Strong wound-inducible CryIAc expression was observed in both plants that increased 100-350 fold (Arabidopsis) and 280-600 fold (tomato) over the unwounded background within 5 min and over 1000-1600 fold within 20 min. The unwounded background level was just 3-6% of the CaMV35S promoter while wound-induced expression was 5-27 folds higher than the best CaMV35S line in just 5 min and 80-fold higher in 20 min. Transgenic plants showed strong resistance even to larger fourth instar larvae of H. armigera and no abnormalities in development and general plant growth. This is one of the earliest acting promoters with wide biotechnological application across monocot and dicot plants.