gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of dual-frequency excitation method to improve the accuracy of an optical current sensor (2009)

We report a simple yet effective method to improve the accuracy of an optical current sensor (OCS) by compensating the temperature dependency of the Verdet constant with a low-power source operating at a known frequency combined with a lookup table. Neither a complex digital signal processing system nor extra rare earth bulk glass material is used to achieve the accuracy of the current's measurement. Modeling and simulations are carried out. An OCS has been designed and fabricated. The dynamic range of 1620 RMS ampere with a sensitivity of 0.36 ampere is achieved with a single-path SF57 bulk glass.
Management of Irritant Contact Dermatitis and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (2012)

Cutaneous skin changes are common in patients undergoing treatment for cancer. However, changes in central line care, maintenance practices, and chemotherapy protocols in the early 2000s may have led to the development of a common problem of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) at peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion sites. Repeated exposure to chlorhexidine gluconate topical antiseptic solution, used in the general dressing care and maintenance with PICCs, may be the leading contributor to the development of ICD at the insertion site. A number of additional factors theoretically contribute to the development of ICD at the PICC insertion site in patients receiving chemotherapy. In this article, ICD will be defined, incidence and potential risk factors will be identified, and diagnostic framework will be explored; in addition, pathophysiology, onset, presentation, evaluation, and differential diagnosis of ICD at PICC sites will be analyzed. Finally, a synopsis of three different treatment approaches from healthcare facilities in Canada as well as implications for nursing practice and research will be presented.
Multiresolution Graph Fourier Transform for Compression of Piecewise Smooth Images (2014)

Piecewise smooth (PWS) images (e.g., depth maps or animation images) contain unique signal characteristics such as sharp object boundaries and slowly varying interior surfaces. Leveraging on recent advances in graph signal processing, in this paper, we propose to compress the PWS images using suitable graph Fourier transforms (GFTs) to minimize the total signal representation cost of each pixel block, considering both the sparsity of the signal's transform coefficients and the compactness of transform description. Unlike fixed transforms, such as the discrete cosine transform, we can adapt GFT to a particular class of pixel blocks. In particular, we select one among a defined search space of GFTs to minimize total representation cost via our proposed algorithms, leveraging on graph optimization techniques, such as spectral clustering and minimum graph cuts. Furthermore, for practical implementation of GFT, we introduce two techniques to reduce computation complexity. First, at the encoder, we low-pass filter and downsample a high-resolution (HR) pixel block to obtain a low-resolution (LR) one, so that a LR-GFT can be employed. At the decoder, upsampling and interpolation are performed adaptively along HR boundaries coded using arithmetic edge coding, so that sharp object boundaries can be well preserved. Second, instead of computing GFT from a graph in real-time via eigen-decomposition, the most popular LR-GFTs are pre-computed and stored in a table for lookup during encoding and decoding. Using depth maps and computer-graphics images as examples of the PWS images, experimental results show that our proposed multiresolution-GFT scheme outperforms H.264 intra by 6.8 dB on average in peak signal-to-noise ratio at the same bit rate.
Potent Inhibitors of Subgenomic Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication through Optimization of Indole-<i>N</i>-Acetamide Allosteric Inhibitors of the Viral NS5B Polymerase (2005)

Infections caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a significant world health problem for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. Compounds that block replication of subgenomic HCV RNA in liver cells are of interest because of their demonstrated antiviral effect in the clinic. In followup to our recent report that indole-N-acetamides (e.g., 1) are potent allosteric inhibitors of the HCV NS5B polymerase enzyme, we describe here their optimization as cell-based inhibitors. The crystal structure of 1 bound to NS5B was a guide in the design of a two-dimensional compound array that highlighted that formally zwitterionic inhibitors have strong intracellular potency and that pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation (an undesired off-target activity) is linked to a structural feature of the inhibitor. Optimized analogues devoid of PXR activation (e.g., 55, EC(50) = 127 nM) retain strong cell-based efficacy under high serum conditions and show acceptable pharmacokinetics parameters in rat and dog.
Interference Relay Channel with Precoded Dynamic Decode and Forward Protocols (2011)

In this paper, a full duplex relay using a Dynamic Decode and Forward (DDF) protocol is considered for improving the performance of multiple source-destination pairs interfering one on each other. A relay precoder is optimized as a function of the symbols correctly decoded by the relay in order to improve the channel capacity. Furthermore, a DDF-Patching technique allows for increasing the number of precoded symbols by the relay and providing highly improved performance in interference-limited scenarios.
Tumor treating fields: a novel treatment modality and its use in brain tumors (2016)

Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are low-intensity electric fields alternating at an intermediate frequency (200kHz), which have been demonstrated to block cell division and interfere with organelle assembly. This novel treatment modality has shown promise in a variety of tumor types. It has been evaluated in randomized phase 3 trials in glioblastoma (GBM) and demonstrated to prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) when administered together with standard maintenance temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. TTFields are continuously delivered by 4 transducer arrays consisting each of 9 insulated electrodes that are placed on the patient's shaved scalp and connected to a portable device. Here we summarize the preclinical data and mechanism of action, the available clinical data, and further outlook of this treatment modality in brain tumors and other cancer indications.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Altohyrtin C (Spongistatin 2): Synthesis of the AB‐ and CD‐Spiroketal Subunits (1997)

The first total synthesis of a spongipyran macrolide, altohyrtin C (spongistatin 2; see picture below), has been realized. The spongipyrans derived from marine sponges are among the most potent cytotoxic compounds yet isolated, and exhibit subnanomolar activities against a variety of human cancer cell lines. While the structures proposed for the independently isolated altohyrtins and spongistatins are largely homologous, they differ significantly with regard to internal stereochemical relationships. This discrepancy has been resolved by the total synthesis, which verifies the altohyrtin structural assignment and establishes the identity of altohyrtin C and the independently isolated spongistatin 2.
The glycoprotein hormones: recent studies of structure‐function relationships (1988)

The structural features of the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones (LH, FSH, TSH, and hCG) are briefly reviewed. Removal of carbohydrate chains does not reduce binding of the hormones to membrane receptors, but markedly reduces biological responses. The glycopeptides from the hormone do not reduce binding of native hormone to receptors but do reduce biological responses. Newer data concerned with replication of different regions of the peptide chains of these molecules using synthetic peptides are reviewed and presented. These studies indicate that two regions on the common alpha subunit are involved with receptor binding of the LH, hCG, and TSH molecules. These regions are alpha 26 to 46 and alpha 75-92. Two synthetic disulfide loop peptides from the hCG beta subunit beta 38-57 and beta 93-100 also block binding of hCG to its receptor. In addition, the beta 38-57 peptide stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells. These data indicate that glycoprotein hormone binding to plasma membrane receptors involves a discontinuous site on the hormone that spans both the alpha and beta subunits, and that the alpha subunit sites are similar for several hormones.
Beyond deployments and testbeds (2012)

We describe our experiences with deploying a vehicular Internet access service on public transit buses. Our system, called WiRover, has been running on these buses since April 2010 for about 18 months till date providing a WiFi hotspot to which bus passengers can connect. As of Dec. 1, 2011 we have observed 17,567 unique client devices connect to the WiRover system. These devices have downloaded more than 337.53 GB and uploaded 48.19 GB of content through our system. Since the initial deployment, the buses have logged more than 9,331 hours of operation and have traveled over much of the northern Midwest of the United States. Through this paper we provide different insights acquired in deploying and running a continuous service with real users, present various user and usage characteristics in these systems, discuss various design and management strategies for these networks, and explore different network traffic optimizations possible.
The virtual path identifier and its applications for routeing and priority of connectionless and connection‐orientated services (1988)

Abstract A feature of ATM networks is that they can be configured with paths routed through a number of switching stages which can each take many thousands of connections and which can each be assigned capacity dynamically. A large number of such paths, known as virtual paths, can be established from each network node without consuming much network capacity, since they can be assigned limited or zero capacity when unused. Virtual paths can be used to provide faster connection set‐up times or a faster transfer time for connectionless messages, and greater routeing flexibility. In particular they can be used to provide very fast transfer of signalling information between any two processors in a set of many thousands configured as a distributed processing control plane. They can also be used to indicate quality of service (QOS) values. These different issues are discussed in this paper, leading to some recommendations on the size of the virtual path identifier (VPI) field suitable for signalling and connectionless and connection‐orientated services.
A high-performance 0.08 μm CMOS (2002)

We demonstrate a 0.08 /spl mu/m CMOS suitable for high-performance (V/sub dd/=1.8 V) and low-power applications (V/sub dd/<1.5 V) with the best current drive at a given off-current reported in the literature to date. Excellent short-channel effects were obtained for L/sub eff/ down to 0.06 /spl mu/m in the NFET and 0.08 /spl mu/m in the PFET. Aggressive lateral and vertical dopant engineering allow the VT to be reduced with no degradation in short-channel effects resulting in a 50% improvement in delay at V/sub dd/=1 V over the regular-V/sub T/ process.
Imaginary modules (1992)

It was a fundamental insight of Shelah that the equivalence classes of a definable equivalence relation on a structure M often behave like (and indeed must be treated like) the elements of the structure itself, and that these so-called imaginary elements are both necessary and sufficient for developing many aspects of stability theory. The expanded structure M eq was introduced to make this insight explicit and manageable. In M eq we have “names” for all things (subsets, relations, functions, etc.) “definable” inside M. Recent results of Bruno Poizat allow a particularly simple and more or less algebraic modification of M eq in the case that M is a module. It is the purpose of this paper to describe this nearly algebraic structure in such a way as to make the usual algebraic tools of the model theory of modules readily available in this more general context. It should be pointed out that some of our discussion has been part of the “folklore” of the subject for some time; it is certainly time to make this “folklore” precise, correct, and readily available. Modules have proved to be good examples of stable structures. Not, we mean, in the sense that they are well-behaved (which, in the main, they are), but in the sense that they are straightforward enough to provide comprehensible illustrations of concepts while, at the same time, they have turned out to be far less atypical than one might have supposed. Indeed, a major feature of recent stability theory has been the ubiquitous appearance of modules or more general “abelian structures” in abstract stable structures.
Ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal nanocavities based on 4H silicon carbide (2019)

Photonic nanocavities with high quality (Q) factors are essential components for integrated optical circuits. The use of crystalline silicon carbide (SiC) for such nanocavities enables the realization of devices with superior properties. We fabricate ultrahigh-Q SiC photonic crystal nanocavities by etching air holes into a 4H-SiC slab that is prepared without using hydrogen ion implantation, which usually causes higher absorption losses. In addition, compared to usual designs, a relatively thin slab is utilized to avoid losses through cross-polarized mode coupling induced by the tapered air holes. We obtain a heterostructure nanocavity with a high experimental Q factor of 6.3×105, which is 16 times larger than the highest Q among the previously reported values for nanocavities based on crystalline SiC. We also show that our nanocavity exhibits a high normalized second-harmonic conversion efficiency of 1900%/W.
Gender differences in the genetic epidemiology of major depression. (2001)

This article reviews the current state of knowledge about gender differences in the genetic epidemiology of major depression. In particular, this article seeks to answer two central questions: (1) Is the magnitude of the genetic influences on the liability to major depression similar in men and women? and (2) Are the genetic factors that predispose women to major depression the same as those that predispose men to major depression?
SFC Path Tracer: A troubleshooting tool for Service Function Chaining (2017)

Service Function Chaining (SFC) is a prominent research field in networking with several proposals from industry and academia. The lack of tools to check SFC path correctness forces network operators to spend a significant effort in guaranteeing that an SFC configuration meets their intent behavior. This work presents the SFC Path Tracer, a tool for troubleshooting SFC in NFV/SDN environments. The tool enables the identification of problems in an SFC configuration through the display of the whole path traversed by packets in a given SFC path. SFC Path Tracer is agnostic to the SFC encapsulation mechanism and incurs in low overhead on the SFC architecture.
Multi-user routing to single destination with confluence (2016)

The recent increase in attention to ride-sharing applications demonstrates the importance of routing algorithms for multiple users who obtain benefits from confluence, that is, traveling together on all or part of their routes. We propose novel and flexible formulation of routing optimization for multiple users who have their respective sources and a single common destination. The formulation is general enough to express each user's benefit (or cost) of confluence for every combination of users. Hence, the formulation can represent a wide range of applications and subsumes almost all formulations proposed in literature. We establish an efficient exact method for the formulation. Interestingly, we found well-known Dreyfus-Wagner Algorithm for the Minimum Steiner Tree Problem (MSTP) is extensible for ours, although our formulation is much harder than the MSTP. Our experimental results obtained on large-scale road networks reveal that our method is efficient in practical settings.
Ras oncogene mutation in multiple myeloma. (1989)

The frequency of ras (H-, K-, and N-ras) and c-myc oncogenes was investigated in multiple myeloma (MM). By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/oligonucleotide hybridization method, DNA from 56 tumor biopsies was analyzed for the presence of activating mutations involving codons 12 and 61 of the H-, K-, and N-ras genes and codon 13 of the N-ras gene. Mutations, involving the N- or K-ras genes, were detected in 18 of 56 (32%) cases of which 12/43 (27%) were at diagnosis and 6/13 (46%) were after treatment. In some cases, multiple mutations affecting different ras alleles were detected. Direct nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR products indicated that a more heterogeneous nature of the base pair changes than previously shown for other tumors along with a preferential involvement of N-ras codon 61. The heterogeneity of MM cases with respect to the presence of ras oncogenes prompted an analysis of possible correlations with different clinico-pathologic characteristics of MM from which a correlation between the presence of ras oncogenes and a partial or complete lack of response to therapy emerged. The frequency of activating rearrangements or mutations of the c-myc gene were studied by Southern blot analysis and PCR sequencing, respectively. However, contrary to previous reports involving mostly MM cell lines, no structural alterations of the c-myc gene were found. These results indicate that ras, but not c-myc, oncogenes are activated in vivo in MM cells, representing the first oncogene alteration that has been associated at appreciable frequency with this type of malignancy. While the mechanism of occurrence and biological role of ras activation in MM remains to be elucidated, the preliminary correlations observed in this study between the presence of ras oncogenes and poor therapeutic response suggest that further investigations of the possible prognostic significance of these alterations are necessary.
Planar Triorthogonal Diversity Slot Antenna (2017)

This communication proposes an easily manufacturable multifunction multiport planar slot antenna with triorthogonal pattern diversity. Distinct radiation patterns are emitted via a common square radiative slot by exploiting three orthogonal modes. These slot modes consist of a magnetic current loop mode with an omnidirectional linearly polarized (OLP) radiation pattern, and two degenerated linear slot modes radiating broadside with orthogonal linear polarizations (LPs). The triorthogonal patterns are obtained in an overlapping frequency band, and the mutual coupling between the ports is minimized through a differential feeding arrangement. This new concept of multiport diversity slot antenna is validated experimentally at a frequency of 5.9 GHz, successfully demonstrating the operation modalities of OLP and LP radiation patterns. A minimum triorthogonal overlapping impedance bandwidth of 2.3% is measured with interport coupling below -35 dB. The proposed antenna could be used as a pattern and polarization diversity antenna, where additionally, a linear combination of the primary triorthogonal patterns can be exploited to further enhance flexibility in pattern generation.
Implementation Face Recognition Attendance Monitoring System for Lab Surveillance with Hash Encryption (2020)

Abstract Face recognition (FR) is becoming popular to identify people. In fact, using the FR scheme, surveillance tasks can be built by recognizing people from their faces. This paper presents the implementation of face recognition as a biometric method for smart attendance as well as we also proposed the integrated scheme from capturing data from edge devices (CCTVs), streaming data to the dedicated server, then presenting the real-time data through android mobile devices. In this scheme, we proposed to employ deep learning algorithms based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Through the CCTV data streaming, faces are captured and matched with the database. Therefore, it is considered as their logging attendance. Furthermore, it is marked and stored into the database. This system prototype is developed by big data technology to tackle this complexity of data. The recognized faces can be monitored in real time monitoring. Eventually, real time reports are delivered through the web and android device with API after the data transmission is secured with hash encryption.
T Cell Responses to Influenza Virus Infection: Effector and Memory Cells (2004)

New approaches to visualizing antigen-specific primary responses to influenza and the development of memory subsets in distinct sites suggest that both CD4 and CD8 T cells play complex roles in primary viral clearance and have the potential to contribute to protection from secondary infection.
A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies (2019)

Indoor localization has recently witnessed an increase in interest, due to the potential wide range of services it can provide by leveraging Internet of Things (IoT), and ubiquitous connectivity. Different techniques, wireless technologies and mechanisms have been proposed in the literature to provide indoor localization services in order to improve the services provided to the users. However, there is a lack of an up-to-date survey paper that incorporates some of the recently proposed accurate and reliable localization systems. In this paper, we aim to provide a detailed survey of different indoor localization techniques, such as angle of arrival (AoA), time of flight (ToF), return time of flight (RTOF), and received signal strength (RSS); based on technologies, such as WiFi, radio frequency identification device (RFID), ultra wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, and systems that have been proposed in the literature. This paper primarily discusses localization and positioning of human users and their devices. We highlight the strengths of the existing systems proposed in the literature. In contrast with the existing surveys, we also evaluate different systems from the perspective of energy efficiency, availability, cost, reception range, latency, scalability, and tracking accuracy. Rather than comparing the technologies or techniques, we compare the localization systems and summarize their working principle. We also discuss remaining challenges to accurate indoor localization.
Plant Nematodes of Agricultural Importance (2007)

The microscopic soil and plant nematodes that are parasitic on crop plants can be very damaging, and are generally not visible to the naked eye. Their microscopic size means that associating them with crop damage is mainly dependent on determining the symptoms of their effects on plants or plant growth. The damage and symptoms caused can be visible
Characterization of Al Incorporation into HfO2 Dielectric by Atomic Layer Deposition (2019)

This study presents the characteristics of HfAlO films for a series of Al incorporation ratios into a HfO<sub>2</sub> dielectric by atomic layer deposition on a Si substrate. A small amount of Al doping into the HfO<sub>2</sub> film can stabilize the tetragonal phase of the HfO<sub>2</sub>, which helps to achieve a higher dielectric constant (<i>k</i>) and lower leakage current density, as well as a higher breakdown voltage than HfO<sub>2</sub> film on its own. Moreover, assimilation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> into HfO<sub>2</sub> can reduce the hysteresis width and frequency dispersion. These are indications of border trap reduction, which was also verified by the border trap extraction mechanism. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis also verified the HfAlO microstructural properties for various Al compositions. In addition, higher amounts of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in HfAlO resulted in better interface and dielectric behavior through trap minimization, although the equivalent-oxide-thickness (EOT) values show the opposite trend.