gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lithium in Transition Metal Layers of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials on Electrochemical Properties (2015)

Li was incorporated into transition metal layers of Ni-rich Li[Ni0.95Co0.05]O-2 by formation of a solid solution with Li2MnO3 (layer notation: Li[Li(0.33)Mu(0.67)]O-2), which can be denoted as (1-x)Li[Ni0.95Co0.05]O-2 - xLi[Li(0.33)Mu(0.67)]O-2, to understand the effect of Li on the structure, electrochemistry and thermal characteristic of the cathode. Structural analysis data obtained by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data indicate that the additional Li can be found in the transition metal layers of (1-x)Li[Ni0.95Co0.05]O-2 - xLi[Li0.33Mn0.67]O-2. An interesting feature is that the average oxidation states of Ni and Mn are 3+ and 4+, respectively, for (1-x)Li[Ni0.95Co0.05]O-2 - xLi[Li0.33Mn0.67]O-2 as demonstrated by X-ray absorption study. The first discharge capacity was approximately 217 mAh g(-1), and the resulting retention was above 90% for 0.9Li[Ni0.95Co0.05]O-2 - 0.1Li[Li0.3Mn0.67]O-2 (Li[Li0.033Ni0.855Co0.045Mn0.067]O-2) in the range of 2.7 to 4.5 V for 100 cycles, which is a surprising result for Ni-rich compounds. Moreover, the thermal stability of (1-x)Li[Ni0.95Co0.05]O-2 - xLi[Li0.33Mn0.67]O-2 was significantly improved over the cathodes with identical Ni fraction. These results highlight the role of tetravalent Mn ions, even in small amounts, in stabilizing the electrochemical performances and thermal properties in the Ni-rich layer cathodes. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society.
Glutathione Content of Lactic Acid Bacteria (1993)

The quantity of intracellular total thiol groups and glutathione was analyzed in a variety of lactic acid bacteria.The concentration of thiol groups (.7 to 81 nmoV mg of protein) and glutathione (6 to 51 nmoVmg of protein) varied widely.Concentrations were highest in strains of Lactococcus lactis ssp.cremoris and Streptococcus thermophilus, followed by Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp.cremoris.Glutathione was not detected in Lactococcus lactis ssp.lactis, micrococci, pediococci, and lactobacilli (except Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ 32) cultures.The effect of several growth conditions on total thiol groups and glutathione content was studied with L. lactis ssp.cremoris Z8.During growth in Elliker broth, glutathione concentration increased during exponential growth; in M17 broth, intracellular concentrations of glutathione did not vary as a function of growth phase, and lower concentrations were detected.Aeration resulted in a temporarily increased accumulation of glutathione.When cultures were grown in milk, the highest concentrations of thiol groups and glutathione occurred during the stationary phase.Supplementation of milk with glutathione or the precursor amino acids of glutathione resulted in increased intracellular glutathione.
Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis (2014)

The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as "microbiota" and their collective genomes as "microbiome". The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human body, although other parts, such as the skin, vaginal mucosa, or respiratory tract, also harbour specific microbiota. This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota can occur by changes in composition (dysbiosis), function, or microbiota-host interactions and they can be directly correlated with several diseases. The only disease in which a clear causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated is the case of Clostridium difficile infections. Nonetheless, alterations in composition and function of the microbiota have been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, or irritable bowel syndrome), as well as extra-intestinal pathologies, such as those affecting the liver, or the respiratory tract (e.g., allergy, bronchial asthma, and cystic fibrosis), among others. Species of Bifidobacterium genus are the normal inhabitants of a healthy human gut and alterations in number and composition of their populations is one of the most frequent features present in these diseases. The use of probiotics, including bifidobacteria strains, in preventive medicine to maintain a healthy intestinal function is well documented. Probiotics are also proposed as therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal disorders and other pathologies. The World Gastroenterology Organization recently published potential clinical applications for several probiotic formulations, in which species of lactobacilli are predominant. This review is focused on probiotic preparations containing Bifidobacterium strains, alone or in combination with other bacteria, which have been tested in human clinical studies. In spite of extensive literature on and research into this topic, the degree of scientific evidence of the effectiveness of probiotics is still insufficient in most cases. More effort need to be made to design and conduct accurate human studies demonstrating the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention, alleviation, or treatment of different pathologies.
A Selective SiO2 Film‐Formation Technology Using Liquid‐Phase Deposition for Fully Planarized Multilevel Interconnections (1993)

A selective film‐formation technology using liquid‐phase deposition (LPD) around room temperature for fully planarized multilevel interconnections is developed. The LPD technique utilizes supersaturated hydrofluosilicic acid aqueous solution as a source liquid. The films can be selectively formed on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) underlayers in the trenches between photoresist patterns or tungsten wiring with photoresist as mask. For polysilicon patterns with photoresist masks, the films creep along the polysilicon and photoresist sidewalls. The selective deposition mechanism can be explained as siloxane oligomers, which are formed in the supersaturated aqueous solution, have different chemical reactivity between the photoresist and substrate surface. Global planarization of trenches between tungsten wiring is achieved, using the selective deposition technique. A fully planarized double‐level tungsten interconnection is realized using both selective film deposition and selective tungsten CVD via filling. Low contact resistance of ca. 0.3 Ω/unit is achieved for via holes 0.8 μm in diam.
Tackling the Bus Turnaround Overhead in Real-Time SDRAM Controllers (2017)

Synchronous dynamic random access memories (SDRAMs) are widely employed in multiand many-core platforms due to their high-density and low-cost. Nevertheless, their benefits come at the price of a complex two-stage access protocol, which reflects their bank-based structure and an internal level of explicitly managed caching. In scenarios in which requestors demand real-time guarantees, these features pose a predictability challenge and, in order to tackle it, several SDRAM controllers have been proposed. In this context, recent research shows that a combination of bank privatization and open-rowpolicy (exploiting the caching over the boundary of a single request) represents an effective way to tackle the problem. However, such approach uncovered a new challenge: the data bus turnaround overhead. In SDRAMs, a single data bus is shared by read and write operations. Alternating read and write operations is, consequently, highly undesirable, as the data bus must remain idle during a turnaround. Therefore, in this article, we propose a SDRAM controller that reorders read and write commands, which minimizes data bus turnarounds. Moreover, we compare our approach analytically and experimentally with existing real-time SDRAM controllers both from the worst-case latency and power consumption perspectives.
Synthesis of Pyrimidine, Thiazolopyrimidine, Pyrimidotriazine and Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives and their Biological Evaluation (1999)

Pyrimidin-4-one-2-thione (3) was synthesized via the reaction of thiourea (1) with ethyl benzoylacetate (2) and was taken as a starting material for the present study via its reactions with the halogen-containing reagents 6a-d and lOa-c to give the corresponding thiazolopyrimidines 8, 9 and 12a-c. The 2-hydrazino derivatives 5 were synthesized either via the reaction of 3 or 4 with hydrazine hydrate. Compound 5 reacted with 6a-c and lOa-c to give the corresponding pyrimidotriazines 17a-c and 19 respectively. Also, compound 5 reacted with the active methylene-containing reagents 13 and 2a,b to give the corresponding 2-pyrazolopyrimidines 15 and 22a,b respectively. On the other hand, the triazolopyrimidines 21a,b and 30a,b were also obtained via the reaction of 5 with each of formic acid, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate and carbon disulfide respectively. Some of the newly synthesized heterocyclic derivatives were tested for their biological activity
Interaction of JC Virus Agno Protein with T Antigen Modulates Transcription and Replication of the Viral Genome in Glial Cells (2001)

In addition to encoding the structural and regulatory proteins, many viruses encode auxiliary proteins, some of which have been shown to play important roles in lytic and latent states of the viruses. The human neurotropic JC virus (JCV) genome encodes an auxiliary protein called Agno whose function remains unknown. Here, we investigated the functional role of JCV Agno protein on transcription and replication of the viral genome in glial cells. Results from transfection of human glial cells showed that Agno protein suppresses both T-antigen-mediated transcription of the viral late gene promoter and T-antigen-induced replication of viral DNA. Affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the Agno protein and T antigen physically interact with each other. Through the use of a series of deletion mutants, we demonstrated that the T-antigen-interacting region of Agno protein is localized to its amino-terminal half and the Agno-interacting domain of T antigen maps to its central portion. Furthermore, utilizing various Agno deletion mutants in functional studies, we confirmed the importance of the Agno-T antigen interaction in the observed down-modulation of T antigen function upon viral gene transcription and DNA replication by Agno protein. Taken together these data suggest that the Agno protein of JCV, which is produced late during the late phase of the lytic cycle, can physically and functionally interact with the viral early protein, T antigen, and downregulate viral gene expression and DNA replication. The importance of these observations in the lytic cycle of JCV is discussed.
Integrating Physical and Digital Interactions on Walls for Fluid Design Collaboration (2008)

ABSTRACT Web designers use pens, paper, walls, and tables for explaining, developing, and communicating ideas during the early phases of design. These practices inspired The Designers' Outpost. With Outpost, users collaboratively author Web site information architectures on an electronic whiteboard using physical media (sticky notes and images), structuring and annotating that information with electronic pens. This interaction is enabled by a touch-sensitive electronic whiteboard augmented with a computer vision system. The Designers' Outpost integrates wall-scale, paper-based design practices with novel electronic tools to better support collaboration during early-phase design. Our studies with professional designers showed this integration to be especially helpful for fluidly transitioning to other design tools, access and exploration of design history, and remote collaboration.
A novel heterozygous splice site <i>OPA1</i> mutation causes exon 10 skipping in Japanese patients with dominant optic atrophy (2016)

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most common form of inherited optic neuropathy and characterized by slowly progressive visual loss, temporal pallor of optic discs, central visual field defects,...
Reconsideration of the role of fibronectin binding in endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (1996)

The adherence characteristics in vivo and virulence of two isogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus differing in fibronectin binding were compared in a rat model of catheter-induced infective endocarditis. No differences were found between the two strains. The results strongly point to the multifactorial nature of bacterial adherence to damaged heart valves and suggest that other binding functions can compensate for the lack of fibronectin binding in S. aureus.
HOT DRY ROCK (HDR) GEOTHERMAL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT FENTON HILL, NEW MEXICO (2002)

INTRODUCTION Conventional geothermal technology entails the production of useful energy from natural sources of steam or, much more commonly, hot water. These hydrothermal resources are found in a number of locations around the world, but they are the exception rather than the rule. In most places, the earth grows hotter with increasing depth, but mobile water is absent. The vast majority of the world’s accessible geothermal energy is found in rock that is hot but essentially dry -the so-called hot dry rock (HDR) resource. The total amount of heat contained in HDR at accessible depths has been estimated to be on the order of 10 billion quads (a quad is the energy equivalent of about 180 million barrels of oil and 90 quads represents the total US energy consumption in 2001). This is about 800 times greater than the estimated energy content of all hydrothermal resources and 300 times greater than the fossil fuel resource base that includes all petroleum, natural gas, and coal. (Tester, et al. 1989). Like hydrothermal energy resources already being commercially extracted, HDR holds the promise for being an environmentally clean energy resource, particularly with regard to carbon dioxide emissions, which can be expected to be practically zero. The total HDR resource base noted above was calculated by summing the thermal energy content of rock beneath the landmasses of the world at temperatures above 25C (77F), from the surface to a depth of 30,000 ft (9,150 m). Obviously, much of this HDR resource resides in rock that is only marginally warmer than 25C and is thus of such low-grade that it is not practical to recover it. In addition, a large part of the resource may be located in parts of the world where its exploitation may not be economically worthwhile. Nevertheless, with such a large resource base, the potential for HDR to be a major contributor to the world’s energy supply makes its development well worth pursuing, especially when considered in light of its environmental advantages. One method of evaluating the potential for HDR development in a region is to examine its geothermal gradient -the rate at which the earth gets hotter with depth. The geothermal gradient varies widely from place to place, being much higher in tectonically active regions and in areas of volcanic activity. Figure 1 shows a geothermal gradient map of the United States. It is apparent from this map that HDR resources at useful temperatures (above 100C) are abundant in many parts of the west.
Tutorial 14: multisensor data fusion (2008)

Multisensor data fusion is an emerging discipline. The rapid evolution of high-performance, inexpensive, and low-power computing components for pervasive systems, such as wireless sensor networks, will enable the development of complex sensor fusion applications. The idea underlying data fusion is to combine information collected by different sensors, to make inferences at different levels of abstraction about an entity or a situation, and to enable either prompt human reactions or autonomous machine decisions. This paper presents the basic overview of data fusion terminology, models, and algorithms with the help of some examples related to next- generation car safety and driver assistance systems.
The Influence of Hemodynamic and Anatomic Factors on Hemorrhage from Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations (1994)

The physiological and anatomical aberrations that result in hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remain unclear. In an attempt to clarify which conditions may predispose to hemorrhage, we examined clinical and physiological indices on presentation groups of either hemorrhage or nonhemorrhage in a large cohort of patients (n = 449). Variables examined included AVM size, type of venous drainage, transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities, feeding mean arterial pressure (FMAP), and draining vein pressure. TCD and pressure data were obtained before any treatment. Age (mean +/- standard deviation) at the time of presentation was 33 +/- 13 years and did not differ between groups. Patients with small (< or = 2.5 cm) AVMs presented more frequently with hemorrhage (90%) than did patients with medium (> 2.5 and < or = 5.0 cm; 52%) or large (> 5.0 cm; 50%) AVMs (P = 0.0001). The 48 of 94 AVMs (51%) with deep venous drainage were more likely to have hemorrhage (P = 0.0219) than were those with superficial drainage (24 of 73 [33%]). Deep drainage was a predictor of hemorrhage even in the subgroup of medium and large supratentorial AVMs (P = 0.005). There was no difference in draining vein pressure (n = 18) between groups (21 +/- 10 and 19 +/- 11 mm Hg, respectively; P = 0.7812). FMAP (n = 52) was higher in the hemorrhage than in the nonhemorrhage group (44 +/- 13 versus 34 +/- 10 mm Hg; P = 0.0007) but was only weakly related to the size of the lesion (largest dimension) (y = -0.74x + 40; r = 0.09).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Foreword: Taking Subnational Constitutions Seriously (2012)

Subnational constitutions are constitutions within constitutions. They constitute governments that work within larger, national governments. Their characteristics, the subject of comparative study, differ in each federation. 
A group of younger scholars such as Giuseppe Martinico and Giacomo Delledonne have picked up the cause and are bringing new life to the scholarly enterprise, as indicated by this Special Issue. Many of those appearing in this Special Issue have not published, at least in English, on the topic before.
Direct vapor phase growth process and robust photoluminescence properties of large area MoS2 layers (2014)

There has been growing research interest in the use of molybdenum disulfide in the fields of optoelectronics and energy harvesting devices, by virtue of its indirect-to-direct band gap tunability. However, obtaining large area thin films of MoS2 for future device applications still remains a challenge. In the present study, the amounts of the precursors (S and MoO3) were varied systematically in order to optimize the growth of highly crystalline and large area MoS2 layers by the chemical vapor deposition method. Careful control of the amounts of precursors was found to the key factor in the synthesis of large area highly crystalline flakes. The thickness of the layers was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties and chemical composition were studied by photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The emergence of strong direct excitonic emissions at 1.82 eV (A-exciton, with a normalized PL intensity of ∼55 × 103) and 1.98 eV (B-exciton, with a normalized PL intensity of ∼5 × 103) of the sample at room temperature clearly indicates the high luminescence quantum efficiency. The mobility of the films was found to be 0.09 cm2/(V·s) at room temperature. This study provides a method for the controlled synthesis of high-quality two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide materials, useful for applications in nanodevices, optoelectronics and solar energy conversion.
A novel cardioprotective role of RhoA: new signaling mechanism for adenosine (2001)

Adenosine exerts a potent cardioprotective effect that is mediated by adenosine A1 and A3 receptors. The signaling pathways activated by the A1 and A3 receptors are distinct and involve selective coupling to phospholipases C and D, respectively. The objective of our study was to elucidate the signaling mechanism that mediates the coupling of each receptor to its respective phospholipase and to test the role of RhoA as a novel mediator leading from adenosine receptors to cardioprotection. C3 transferase and dominant negative RhoA (RhoAT19N) blocked the A3 receptor-mediated phospholipase D activation and cardioprotection but had no effect on A1 receptor-mediated phospholipase C activation or cardioprotection. In contrast, pertussis toxin treatment caused a greater inhibition of the diacylglycerol accumulation induced by the A1 agonist than by the A3 agonist, and it completely abrogated the A1 agonist-mediated cardioprotection. Thus, adenosine A1 and A3 receptors are linked to different G-proteins. The A3 receptor is coupled via RhoA to activate phospholipase D in exerting its cardioprotective effect, whereas the A1 receptor is linked via Gi to phospholipase C to produce cardioprotective responses. The present study identifies a novel role for RhoA and further suggests its importance in regulating cardiac cellular function.
A Hierarchical Model of Shape and Appearance for Human Action Classification (2007)

We present a novel model for human action categorization. A video sequence is represented as a collection of spatial and spatial-temporal features by extracting static and dynamic interest points. We propose a hierarchical model that can be characterized as a constellation of bags-of-features and that is able to combine both spatial and spatial-temporal features. Given a novel video sequence, the model is able to categorize human actions in a frame-by-frame basis. We test the model on a publicly available human action dataset [2] and show that our new method performs well on the classification task. We also conducted control experiments to show that the use of the proposed mixture of hierarchical models improves the classification performance over bag of feature models. An additional experiment shows that using both dynamic and static features provides a richer representation of human actions when compared to the use of a single feature type, as demonstrated by our evaluation in the classification task.
Inhibition of specific immune responses by feeding protein antigens. III. Evidence against maintenance of tolerance to ovalbumin by orally induced antibodies. (1979)

Single and multiple intragastric feedings of ovalbumin (OVA) to high-responder BDF1 mice resulted in virtually complete unresponsiveness to later parenteral immunization with OVA in Al(OH) 3 adjuvant, as indicated by antibody titers in Farr assays and in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assays for IgE antibodies. Repeated feedings of partially tolerizing doses of antigen had a cumulative inhibitory effect on subsequent responsiveness. Slight increases in primary antigen binding were detected in the serum of antigen-fed mice not given parenteral immunization, although rates of clearance of radiolabeled OVA from the blood were similar in normal and tolerant animals. Serum recovered from tolerant mice 7 or 14 days after feeding did not inhibit antibody responses of normal recipients. Responsiveness of normal or OVA-primed syngeneic spleen cells was substantially reduced upon transfer into recipients that were previously fed OVA, when compared with transfer into saline-fed recipients. The differences in responsiveness of lymphocytes transferred into OVA- and saline-fed mice were completely eliminated by irradiation (850 R) of the recipient animals either 7 or 20 days after feeding and immediately before the transfer. The results indicated that the state of tolerance after ingestion of OVA is actively maintained, but did not support the hypothesized mediation of this tolerance by orally induced antibodies or serum factors that have been associated with unresponsiveness to ingested antigens in similar experimental systems.