gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature Stability Analysis of CMOS-SAW Devices by Embedded Heater Design (2008)

The design, finite element (FE) modeling, and electrical characterization of an embedded heater in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) are presented. The heater is used to analyze the temperature stability behavior of CMOS-surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The heater employs n-well layer of standard CMOS technology to provide high efficiency resistive heating without physically perturbing the SAW architectures and performances. A detailed 3-D model and FE investigation is laid out to characterize the heat, current, temperature, and thermal energy distributions within the substrate and the piezoelectric material of interest ZnO. Electrical characterization based on Wheatstone configuration is presented to analyze the temperature stability of the sputtered ZnO and the CMOS-SAW delay lines. A temperature coefficient of frequency of -48.815/degC for the fabricated SAW devices with operating frequency of 322.5 MHz is obtained. The experimental results show close agreement with the FE simulations. The results demonstrate that the embedded heater design can be used as a robust analytical tool to investigate temperature stability of CMOS-SAW devices and potentially be utilized as an on-chip element for chemical, biological, and temperature sensor applications.
Chenodeoxycholate Is an Inhibitor of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Spore Germination (2008)

Some cholate derivatives that are normal components of bile can act with glycine to induce the germination of Clostridium difficile spores, but at least one bile component, chenodeoxycholate, does not induce germination. Here we show that chenodeoxycholate inhibits the germination of C. difficile spores in response to cholate and taurocholate.
The Globoseries Glycosphingolipid Sialosyl Galactosyl Globoside Is Found in Urinary Tract Tissues and Is a Preferred Binding Receptor In Vitro for Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Expressing <i>pap</i> -Encoded Adhesins (1998)

Women with a history of recurrent Escherichia coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) are significantly more likely to be nonsecretors of blood group antigens than are women without such a history, and vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) from women who are nonsecretors show enhanced adherence of uropathogenic E. coli isolates compared with cells from secretors. We previously extracted glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from native VEC and determined that nonsecretors (but not secretors) selectively express two extended globoseries GSLs, sialosyl galactosyl globoside (SGG) and disialosyl galactosyl globoside (DSGG), which specifically bound uropathogenic E. coli R45 expressing a P adhesin. In this study, we demonstrated, by purifying the compounds from this source, that SGG and DSGG are expressed in human kidney tissue. We also demonstrated that SGG and DSGG isolated from human kidneys bind uropathogenic E. coli isolates expressing each of the three classes of pap-encoded adhesins, including cloned isolates expressing PapG from J96, PrsG from J96, and PapG from IA2, and the wild-type isolates IA2 and R45. We metabolically 35S labeled these five E. coli isolates and measured their relative binding affinities to serial dilutions of SGG and DSGG as well as to globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4), two other globoseries GSLs present in urogenital tissues. Each of the five E. coli isolates bound to SGG with the highest apparent avidity compared with their binding to DSGG, Gb3, and Gb4, and each isolate had a unique pattern of GSL binding affinity. These studies further suggest that SGG likely plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UTI and that its presence may account for the increased binding of E. coli to uroepithelial cells from nonsecretors and for the increased susceptibility of nonsecretors to recurrent UTI.
Enantiospecific Electrodeposition of Chiral CuO Films from Copper(II) Complexes of Tartaric and Amino Acids on Single-Crystal Au(001) (2004)

Chiral films of CuO were electrochemically deposited onto achiral Au(001) using chiral precursors such as tartaric acid and the amino acids alanine and valine to complex the Cu(II). The chirality of the electrodeposited films was dictated by the chiral solution precursor. X-ray diffraction pole figures and azimuthal scans, in conjunction with stereographic projections, were used to determine the absolute configuration and enantiomeric excess of the chiral CuO films. CuO films grown from l-tartaric acid have a (11̄1̄) orientation with an enantiomeric excess of 95%, while the films grown from d-tartaric acid have a (1̄11) orientation with an enantiomeric excess of 93%. CuO films grown from chiral amino acids have two types of chiral orientations, each showing lower enantiomeric excess compared with the films deposited from tartaric acid. The films grown from l-alanine and l-valine solution have an excess of the (1̄11) and (1̄1̄1̄) orientations, while the films grown from d-alanine and d-valine have an excess of (11̄1̄) and (111). Films of CuO deposited from a solution of achiral glycine consist of a racemic mixture of the (1̄11) and (11̄1̄) orientations. Chiral CuO films deposited on both single-crystal Au(001) and polycrystalline Au films were shown to exhibit chiral recognition for the electrochemical oxidation of tartaric acid.
Sandia National Laboratories Medical Isotope Reactor concept. (2010)

This report describes the Sandia National Laboratories Medical Isotope Reactor and hot cell facility concepts. The reactor proposed is designed to be capable of producing 100% of the U.S. demand for the medical isotope {sup 99}Mo. The concept is novel in that the fuel for the reactor and the targets for the {sup 99}Mo production are the same. There is no driver core required. The fuel pins that are in the reactor core are processed on a 7 to 21 day irradiation cycle. The fuel is low enriched uranium oxide enriched to less than 20% {sup 235}U. The fuel pins are approximately 1 cm in diameter and 30 to 40 cm in height, clad with Zircaloy (zirconium alloy). Approximately 90 to 150 fuel pins are arranged in the core in a water pool {approx}30 ft deep. The reactor power level is 1 to 2 MW. The reactor concept is a simple design that is passively safe and maintains negative reactivity coefficients. The total radionuclide inventory in the reactor core is minimized since the fuel/target pins are removed and processed after 7 to 21 days. The fuel fabrication, reactor design and operation, and {sup 99}Mo production processing use well-developed technologies that minimize the technological and licensing risks. There are no impediments that prevent this type of reactor, along with its collocated hot cell facility, from being designed, fabricated, and licensed today.
Preliminary Testing of an Electrolysis Cell for Highly Tritiated Water (1988)

In the framework of the European fusion technology programme, SCK/CEN (Mol, Belgium) has continued the development of an electrolysis cell for highly tritiated water. In the resulting original concept, the liquid inventory is limited to the vertical porous gas separator which is wetted by capillarity. Use is made of thermoelectric heat pumps to cool the cell down to about 8 °C. Intensive testing with light water has been performed successfully during more than 10,000 cumulated hours with mock-up cells, and during more than 6,000 cumulated hours with a prototype cell. These tests have demonstrated the robustness and the long-term reliability of the proposed system. Further experiments are going on with the aim to characterize the working of the capillary cell. In the same time, peripheral equipment such as demisters and cold traps are being tested. These devices are to be incorporated in a dedicated loop for testing with tritiated water at the nominal specific activity (∼ 4.1019 Bq/m3).
Panoramic View of Human Jaw Under Ambiguity Intraoral Camera Movement (2020)

Intra-oral cameras are recommended tools in every dental clinic. The intra-oral camera allows dentists to capture images of difficult-to-reach areas in the mouth. Oral dental applications based on visual data suffer from various challenges such as the environmental effects and the unstable camera movement. We propose an approach, which addresses these challenges, to stitch human teeth images that are captured by an intra-oral camera. First, due to the low density of texture on the tooth surface, normal maps are estimated to reveals the impacted geometric properties of each image inside an area, boundary, and shape. Normal maps are rich with features, which can be used in the stitching process. Second, we investigate the unrestricted camera movement problem. The camera may be moved along the jaw curve with different angles and distances due to handshaking. To overcome this problem, we test each frame, after warping it, and only correct frames are used to generate the panoramic view. The proposed approach shows a similar performance of other cases, in which the camera movement is restricted.
Nonlinear ultrasonic waves for monitoring thermal stresses in solids (2013)

It is known that nonlinear ultrasonic waves in solids are sensitive to quasi-static stresses. The stress sensitivity of elastic waves is typically associated to finite strains (e.g., theory of acoustoelasticity). In the case of waveguides, classical nonlinear theories for guided waves are still based on the assumption of finite strains. In the case of constrained solids subjected to thermal excursions, however, there are theoretically no finite strains (for perfectly constrained solids) associated with thermal stresses. A new model is therefore needed to justify the existence of wave nonlinearities in this case of stress without strain. This problem is solved on the basis of the interatomic potential of the solid that indicates a “residual” strain energy, due to the prevented thermal expansion, which is at least cubic as a function of strain. Consequently, a nonlinear wave equation can be derived. The solution to this equation leads to a new nonlinear parameter for double harmonic generation that is directly related to the thermal stresses in the structure. This study finds applications in the monitoring of thermal stresses in buckling-prone structures, such as continuously welded railroad tracks and pipelines. Experimental tests conducted on railroad tracks with realistic support will be also presented.
Platinum Metal-Free Catalysts for Selective Soft Oxidative Methane → Ethylene Coupling. Scope and Mechanistic Observations (2015)

Using abundant soft oxidants, a high methane-to-ethylene conversion might be achievable due to the low thermodynamic driving force for over-oxidation. Here we report on the oxidative coupling of methane by gaseous S2 (SOCM). The catalytic properties of Pd/Fe3O4 are compared with those of Fe3O4, and it is found that high ethylene selectivities can be achieved without noble metals; conversion and selectivity on Fe3O4 are stable for at least 48 h at SOCM conditions. SOCM data for 10 oxides are compared, and ethylene selectivities as high as 33% are found; the C2H4/C2H6 ratios of 9-12 observed at the highest S2 conversions are significantly higher than the C2H4/C2H6 ratios usually found in the CH4 coupling with O2. Complementary in-detail analytical studies show that, on Mg, Zr, Sm, W, and La catalysts, which strongly coke during the reaction, lower ethylene selectivities are observed than on Fe, Ti, and Cr catalysts, which only coke to a minor extent. Further catalyst-dependent changes during SOCM in surface area, surface composition, and partial conversion to oxysulfides and sulfides are discussed. Evidence concerning the reaction mechanism is obtained taking into account the selectivity for the different reaction products versus the contact time. CH4 coupling proceeds non-oxidatively with the evolution of H2 on some catalysts, and evidence is presented that C2H4 and C2H2 formation occur via C2H6 and C2H4 dehydrogenation, respectively.
On interference abstractions (2011)

Interference is the bane of both concurrent programming and analysis. To avoid considering all possible interferences between concurrent threads, most automated static analysis employ techniques to approximate interference, e.g., by restricting the thread scheduler choices or by approximating the transition relations or reachable states of the program. However, none of these methods are able to reason about interference directly. In this paper, we introduce the notion of interference abstractions (IAs), based on the models of shared memory consistency, to reason about interference efficiently. IAs differ from the known abstractions for concurrent programs and cannot be directly modeled by these abstractions. Concurrency bugs typically involve a small number of unexpected interferences and therefore can be captured by small IAs. We show how IAs, in the form of both over- and under-approximations of interference, can be obtained syntactically from the axioms of sequential consistency. Further, we present an automatic method to synthesize IAs suitable for checking safety properties. Our experimental results show that small IAs are often sufficient to check properties in realistic applications, and drastically improve the scalability of concurrent program analysis in these applications.
Application-specific and QoS-aware scheduling for wireless systems (2014)

This paper describes how user-specific QoS requirements are a critical innovation that may be used to improve spectral utilization in wireless systems. Rate adaptation and MAC scheduling algorithms that process user-specific QoS to improve system capacity are proposed and evaluated. Through dynamically adapting the AMR codec mode or video data rate and the MAC scheduling algorithm to the user-specific QoS requirements, system capacity, as measured by the number of supportable users, is maximized, while user satisfaction, as measured by the Mean Opinion Score (MOS), is maintained at an acceptable level. OPNET system simulations were performed for a set of VoIP users and video users that were assigned specific QoS target levels. Simulation results show that significant system capacity improvement and acceptable MOS level can be achieved if such user-specific QoS requirements are considered in the rate adaptation and MAC scheduling algorithms.
Inherently Robust Micromachined Gyroscopes with 2-DOF Sense-Mode Oscillator (2006)

Commercialization of reliable vibratory micromachined gyroscopes for high-volume applications have proven to be extremely challenging, primarily due to the high sensitivity of the dynamical system response to fabrication and environmental variations. This paper reports a novel micromachined gyroscope with 2 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) sense-mode oscillator, that provides inherent robustness against structural parameter variations. The 2-DOF sense-mode oscillator provides a sense-mode frequency response with two resonant peaks and a flat region between the peaks, where the amplitude and phase of the response are insensitive to parameter fluctuations. Furthermore, the sensitivity is improved by utilizing dynamical amplification of oscillations in the 2-DOF sense-mode oscillator. Prototype gyroscopes were fabricated using a bulk-micromachining process, and the performance and robustness of the devices have been experimentally evaluated. With a 5.8mum drive-mode amplitude, the tested unit exhibited a measured noise-floor of 0.64deg/s/radic(Hz) at 50Hz bandwidth in atmospheric pressure. The sense-mode response in the flat operating region was also experimentally demonstrated to be inherently insensitive to pressure, temperature and DC bias variations
All-fiber denoising sampling of GHz-bandwidth temporal optical waveforms (2022)

We demonstrate denoising temporal sampling of arbitrary waveforms with GHz-bandwidths through an all-fiber Talbot-based amplification scheme.
Accelerating sparse matrix computations via data compression (2006)

Sparse matrix computations are important for many scientific computations, with matrix-vector multiplication being a fundamental operation for modern iterative algorithms. For large sparse matrices, the primary performance limitation on matrix-vector product is memory bandwidth, rather than algorithm performance. In fact, the wide disparity between memory bandwidth and CPU performance suggests that one could trade cycles for bandwidth and still improve the time to compute a matrix-vector product. Accordingly, this paper presents an approach to improving the performance of matrix-vector product based on lossless compression of the index information commonly stored in sparse matrix representations. Two compressed formats, and their multiplication algorithms, are given, along with experimental results demonstrating their effectiveness. For an assortment of large sparse matrices, compression ratios and corresponding speedups of up to 30% are achieved. The efficiency of the compression algorithm allows its cost to be easily amortized across repeated matrix-vector products.
Bringing icons to life (1991)

ing over time. This paper describes ten specific ways in Icons are used increasingly in interfaces because they are which animation could assist a user. It then focuses on one compact universal pictographic representations of specific kind of animation: the animated icon. computer functionality and processing. Animated icons can bring to life symbols representing complete applications or We define animated icons and discuss how animation might functions an application, thereby clarifying their solve some of the problems associated with icons while meaning, demonstrating their capabilities, and even Preserving their traditional strengths. We then discuss the explaining their method of use, TO test this hypothesis, we design of animated icons and describe our first attempt at a carried out an iterative design of a set of painting Set of animations for the Hypecard icons. Weaknesses icons that appear in the ~~~~rc~d tool palette. ~h~ design discovered through user testing led to a redesign which is discipline reseicted the animations to 10 to 20 second also described. The second set of animated icons was then sequences o~22x20 pixel bit maps, user testing was carried User tested in comparison with traditional static icons. The out on two interfaces - one with the static icons,.one with
Genetic modifications to temperate Enterococcus faecalis phage ϕEf11 that abolish the establishment of lysogeny and sensitivity to repressor, and increase host range and productivity of lytic infection (2013)

Ef11 is a temperate bacteriophage originally isolated by induction from a lysogenic Enterococcus faecalis strain recovered from an infected root canal, and the Ef11 prophage is widely disseminated among strains of E. faecalis. Because E. faecalis has emerged as a significant opportunistic human pathogen, we were interested in examining the genes and regulatory sequences predicted to be critical in the establishment/maintenance of lysogeny by Ef11 as a first step in the construction of the genome of a virulent, highly lytic phage that could be used in treating serious E. faecalis infections. Passage of Ef11 in E. faecalis JH2-2 yielded a variant that produced large, extensively spreading plaques in lawns of indicator cells, and elevated phage titres in broth cultures. Genetic analysis of the cloned virus producing the large plaques revealed that the variant was a recombinant between Ef11 and a defective FL1C-like prophage located in the E. faecalis JH2-2 chromosome. The recombinant possessed five ORFs of the defective FL1C-like prophage in place of six ORFs of the Ef11 genome. Deletion of the putative lysogeny gene module (ORFs 31-36) and replacement of the putative cro promoter from the recombinant phage genome with a nisin-inducible promoter resulted in no loss of virus infectivity. The genetic construct incorporating all the aforementioned Ef11 genomic modifications resulted in the generation of a variant that was incapable of lysogeny and insensitive to repressor, rendering it virulent and highly lytic, with a notably extended host range.
<i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> fermented milk product reduces inflammation by altering a niche for colitogenic microbes (2010)

Intestinal health requires the coexistence of eukaryotic self with the gut microbiota and dysregulated host-microbial interactions can result in intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that colitis improved in T-bet(-/-)Rag2(-/-) mice that consumed a fermented milk product containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173 010 strain. A decrease in cecal pH and alterations in short chain fatty acid profiles occurred with consumption, and there were concomitant increases in the abundance of select lactate-consuming and butyrate-producing bacteria. These metabolic shifts created a nonpermissive environment for the Enterobacteriaceae recently identified as colitogenic in a T-bet(-/-)Rag2(-/-) ulcerative colitis mouse model. In addition, 16S rRNA-based analysis of the T-bet(-/-)Rag2(-/-) fecal microbiota suggest that the structure of the endogenous gut microbiota played a key role in shaping the host response to the bacterial strains studied herein. We have identified features of the gut microbiota, at the membership and functional level, associated with response to this B. lactis-containing fermented milk product, and therefore this model provides a framework for evaluating and optimizing probiotic-based functional foods.
A 1.3 Ghz 100 KW Ultra-High Efficiency Klystron (2018)

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc., in collaboration with the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is developing a high efficiency, 1.3 GHz, 100 kW klystron for driving accelerators. The goal for the efficiency is at least 85%. Designs for the RF circuit, electron gun and collector are presented.
Multipoint Channel Charting for Wireless Networks (2018)

Multipoint channel charting is a machine learning framework in which multiple massive MIMO (mMIMO) base-stations (BSs) collaboratively learn a multi-cell radio map that characterizes the network environment and the users' spatial locations. The method utilizes large amounts of high-dimensional channel state information (CSI) that is passively collected from spatiotemporal samples by multiple distributed BSs. At each BS, a high-resolution multi-path channel parameter estimation algorithm extracts features hidden in the acquired CSI. Each BS then constructs a local dissimilarity matrix based on the extracted features for its collected samples and feeds it to a centralized entity which performs feature fusion and manifold learning to construct a multi-cell channel chart. The objective is to chart the radio geometry of a cellular system in such a way that the spatial distance between two users closely approximates their CSI feature distance. We demonstrate that (i) multipoint channel charting is capable of unravelling the topology of a Manhattan-grid system and (ii) the neighbor relations between CSI features from different spatial locations are captured almost perfectly.