gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airflow regulation in variable-speed systems for residential HVAC applications (1996)

In the majority of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, air is the final medium for adding or extracting heat from or to the space to be air conditioned. Air is heated by passing it over a heat transfer device called a coil, which is a heat exchanger with air on the outside and the primary heating/cooling medium (water, steam, electricity, refrigerant, etc.) on the inside. One of the major factors determining heat transfer is the airflow rate, which can be controlled by mechanical means or by controlling the speed of the fan. Centrifugal fans driven by single-speed induction motors traditionally have been used in the JVAC industry but have an airflow characteristic that depends on the static pressure seen by the system. Variable-speed systems are starting to emerge as a strong alternative to traditional systems because of their ability to match the demand of the air-conditioned space, resulting in higher efficiencies and higher comfort. System efficiency can be improved by constraining the range of airflows provided by the fan or blower system in response to system pressure, that is, by controlling the airflow over the heat exchanger. This paper presents a method to regulate airflow independent of the staticmore » pressure and without the need for airflow sensors.« less
Concepts of active payload modules and end-effectors suitable for standard interface for Robotic Manipulation of Payloads in Future Space Missions (SIROM) interface (2018)

The increasing variety of space missions, combined with their rising complexity and need for more environmentally-friendly, yet cost-effective, solutions, is putting the traditional spacecraft and rover designs to the test. In fact, the majority of nowadays spacecraft and planetary rovers are mostly monolithic, one-of-a-kind, single-use systems, hardly offering any possibility for their future servicing, upgrade or re-use. The EU-funded H2020 project Standard Interface for Robotic Manipulation of Payloads in Future Space Missions (SIROM) aims to bridge this gap by developing an integrated and inherently optimized multi-functional standard interface for mechanical, data, electrical and thermal transfer. The interface, in combination with a custom end-effector and active payload modules (APMs), will allow designing modular and re-configurable systems that could be easily serviced and upgraded via a dedicated robotic system for in-orbit or planetary environment. With respect to the existing state-of-the-art, the interface and modules in SIROM are being developed considering the need for scalability, reusability, compatibility with robotic manipulation and suitability for both environments. Within this context, the paper aims to analyze the feasibility of APM and end-effector concepts, within the system requirements of the project, in order to identify their most suitable preliminary concepts. The analysis is performed in terms of functionalities and architecture, and in case of APMs, considers a remote sensing and power storage system as payloads for orbital and planetary scenarios, respectively. The methodology used for the evaluation of APM and end-effector concepts is a top-down methodology generally used for the design and sizing of payloads of space missions. It consists of: (a) definition of payload objectives and its desired capabilities, (b) identification of candidates, (c) estimation of their characteristics based on analogy, scaling or component budgeting, and (d) evaluation and selection of a reference concept. Moreover, in case of the end-effector analysis, interactions and configurations with APM concepts were also taken into consideration. The results of the analysis point out the feasibility of APMs and end-effectors, within the system requirements of the project, and outline concepts that could be used in the future steps of the project as a guideline in the detailed design of APMs and end-effectors.
Mining emerging patterns by streaming feature selection (2012)

Building an accurate emerging pattern classifier with a high-dimensional dataset is a challenging issue. The problem becomes even more difficult if the whole feature space is unavailable before learning starts. This paper presents a new technique on mining emerging patterns using streaming feature selection. We model high feature dimensions with streaming features, that is, features arrive and are processed one at a time. As features flow in one by one, we online evaluate each coming feature to determine whether it is useful for mining predictive emerging patterns (EPs) by exploiting the relationship between feature relevance and EP discriminability (the predictive ability of an EP). We employ this relationship to guide an online EP mining process. This new approach can mine EPs from a high-dimensional dataset, even when its entire feature set is unavailable before learning. The experiments on a broad range of datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach against other well-established methods, in terms of predictive accuracy, pattern numbers and running time.
Lateral-Flow Assay for Rapid Serodiagnosis of Human Leptospirosis (2001)

An assay device for the rapid detection of Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in human sera is presented. The sensitivity (85.8%) and specificity (93.6%) of the assay compared well (91.9% agreement) with those of an IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay routinely used in the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. The sensitivity of the assay varied with the stage of the disease. The assay uses stabilized components and is simply performed by the addition of serum and sample fluid to the sample well of the assay device. The assay is read after 10 min, and a positive result is obtained when staining of the test line is observed.
Atorvastatin and fluvastatin are associated with dose‐dependent reductions in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, among patients with hepatitis C virus: Results from ERCHIVES (2016)

In patients with chronic HCV, statin use was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in incident cirrhosis and HCC. Atorvastatin and fluvastatin were associated with the most significant antifibrotic effects, compared with other statins. (Hepatology 2016;64:47-57).
Pattern recognition using dual-tree complex wavelet features and SVM (2006)

A novel descriptor for pattern recognition is proposed by using dual tree complex wavelet features and SVM. The approximate shift-invariant property of the dual tree complex wavelet and its good directional selectivity in 2D make it a very appealing choice for pattern recognition. Recently, SVM has been shown to be very successful in pattern recognition. By combining these two tools we find that better recognition results are obtained. The recognition rate of similar patterns improves from 94% to 99.25% for both the Gaussian kernel and the wavelet kernel. It is concluded that the dual-tree complex wavelet should be used instead of the scalar wavelet for pattern recognition applications
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by the Sawdust of Grevillea A Cunn (1991)

The popular tree,Grevillea robusta, is planted throughout California for shade and decoration. The heartwood, which is durable and light-colored, can be used for decorative boxes, bracelets, etc. The allergen, present in the heartwood, is closely related to poison ivy and poison oak. This report concerns a wood-worker who was required to change occupations because of allergic sensitivity to this wood.
Integral equations of the first kind (1985)

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Quantum efficiency model for the CCD flash gate (1986)

A model is presented that predicts the quantum efficiency performance for the backside-illuminated CCD accumulated with a flash gate. Predicted values from this model are compared to experimental measurements taken from a flash gated CCD. We discuss critical CCD parameters used in the model that be controlled to achieve optimum response over a wide spectral range.
A 16 Gb/s receiver with DC wander compensated rail-to-rail AC coupling and passive linear-equalizer in 22 nm CMOS (2014)

A 16 Gb/s receiver implemented in 22 nm SOI CMOS technology is reported. The analog frontend accepts a rail-to-rail input common-mode imposed from the transmitter side. It consists of a baseline wander compensated passive linear equalizer that AC-couples the received signal to the subsequent active CTLE with a regulated common-mode level. The programmable passive linear equalizer features a frequency response suitable for low-frequency equalization such as for skin-effect losses. When its zero is programmed at 200 MHz minimum frequency, the measured maximum mid-band peaking is 7 dB. The receiver architecture is half-rate and comprises an 8-tap DFE and a baud-rate CDR. With no FFE at the transmitter, 0.9 Vppd PRBS31 NRZ data are recovered error-free (BER<;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ) across a copper channel with 34 dB attenuation at 8 GHz.
Using MPEG-7 Audio Fingerprinting in Real-World Applications (2003)

Finalized in 2001, the MPEG-7 Audio standard provides a universal toolbox for the content-based description of audio material. While the descriptive elements defined in this standard may be used for many purposes, audio fingerprinting (i.e. automatic identification of audio content) was already among the initial set of target applications that were conceived during the design of the standard. This paper reviews the basics of MPEG-7 based audio fingerprinting and explains how the technology has been used in a number of real-world applications, including metadata search engines, database maintenance, broadcast monitoring and audio identification on embedded systems. Appropriate selection of fingerprinting parameters and performance numbers are discussed.
Phylogenetic analysis of human rhinovirus capsid protein VP1 and 2A protease coding sequences confirms shared genus-like relationships with human enteroviruses (2005)

Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 human rhinovirus (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the established two species, Human rhinovirus A (HRV-A) and Human rhinovirus B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in both HRV species were more variable than those within any Human enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification by VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always be possible for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. Distribution of pairwise nucleotide identity values between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those between heterologous members of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues between HRV-B and polioviruses than between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together but behaved like members of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two human picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.
Introduction – The Current Status of Chromium(III) (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: References
A Neo-Aristotelian Theory of Interactive Drama (2000)

Interactive drama has been discussed for a number of years as a new form of AI-based interactive entertainment (Laurel 1986, Bates 1992). While there has been
Review article: the clinical importance of growth in children with inflammatory bowel disease: is it important to the gastroenterologist? (2007)

Failure of normal growth in a child with inflammatory bowel disease is an indicator of insufficient and unsuccessful therapy. The major causative factor is chronic anorexia because of chronic catabolic illness. Growth resumes to normal after effective control of the disease and nutritional intake. Regular follow-up of growth in these children is mandatory, and the measurement of both height and weight is an ideal indication of effective treatment. Failure of sustained growth in a child or adolescent with inflammatory bowel disease is a warning to consider a change of clinical strategy.
Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Brassinosteroids (1991)

Castasterone was found to be a biosynthetic precursor of brassinolide using Catharanthus roseus crown gall cells. However, castasterone was not converted to brassinolide in tissues of mung bean and rice, indicating that growth-promoting activity of castasterone observed in these tissues was exerted by castasterone itself.
White Tea extract induces lipolytic activity and inhibits adipogenesis in human subcutaneous (pre)-adipocytes (2009)

White Tea extract is a natural source that effectively inhibits adipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis-activity. Therefore, it can be utilized to modulate different levels of the adipocyte life cycle.
Frequency multipliers for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths (1992)

Theory and tools for analysis and design of millimeter- and submillimeter-wave multipliers are discussed. Experimental work is reviewed. The Schottky diode model at submillimeter frequencies, use of Schottky multiplier chains versus direct higher-order multipliers, and the effect of cooling on Schottky diode multipliers are discussed. Alternative diodes such as the high electron mobility varactor (HEMV), the barrier-intrinsic-n/sup +/ diode (BIN), the barrier-n-n/sup +/ diode (BNN), the quantum well diode (QWD), and the single barrier varactor (SBV) are discussed, with attention given to their potential submillimeter frequency multipliers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Presence of a Matrix-Derived Neutrophil Chemoattractant in Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Lung Transplantation (2009)

Lung transplantation is a therapeutic modality frequently used in end-stage lung disease. Unfortunately, lung transplant recipients have poor clinical outcomes, often due to the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). This process is often characterized by the pathologic findings of obliterative bronchiolitis: neutrophil influx and extracellular matrix remodeling leading to luminal obstruction and airway inflammation. The molecular mechanisms underlying BOS are poorly understood and disease-specific biomarkers are lacking. We report that in addition to increased levels of IL-8, the level of the neutrophil chemoattractant proline-glycine-proline (PGP) is elevated in BOS patient bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The enzymes responsible for generating PGP, matrix metalloproteases 8 and -9 and prolyl endopeptidase, are also elevated in these samples. Together, IL-8 and PGP account for most of the neutrophil chemoattractant capacity seen in BOS BAL fluid. Using specific neutralizing Abs to both IL-8 and PGP, we demonstrate that PGP is a prominent neutrophil chemoattractant found in BAL fluid from individuals at the time of diagnosis of BOS. These findings highlight the influence of a matrix-derived neutrophil chemoattractant in posttransplantation BOS and provide opportunities for the development of unique diagnostics and therapeutics to potentially improve disease outcomes.
Range unfolding for Time-of-Flight depth cameras (2010)

Time-of-Flight depth cameras provide a direct way to acquire range images, using the phase delay of the incoming reflected signal with respect to the emitted signal. These cameras, however, have a challenging problem called range folding, which occurs due to the modular error in phase delay—ranges are modulo the maximum range. To our best knowledge, we exploit the first approach to estimate the number of mods at each pixel from only a single range image. The estimation is recasted into an optimization problem in the Markov random field framework, where the number of mods is considered as a label. The actual range is then recovered using the optimal number of mods at each pixel, so-named range unfolding. As demonstrated in the experiments with various range images of real scenes, the proposed method accurately determines the number of mods. In result, the maximum range is practically extended at least twice of that specified by the modulation frequency.
Systemic anti-VEGF treatment strongly reduces skin inflammation in a mouse model of psoriasis (2009)

Although(,) vascular remodeling is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, anti-vascular strategies to treat these conditions have received little attention to date. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of systemic blockade of VEGF-A by the inhibitory monoclonal antibody G6-31, employing a therapeutic trial in a mouse model of psoriasis. Simultaneous deletion of JunB and c-Jun (DKO*) in the epidermis of adult mice leads to a psoriasis-like phenotype with hyper- and parakeratosis and increased subepidermal vascularization. Moreover, an inflammatory infiltrate and elevated levels of cytokines/chemokines including TNFalpha, IL-1alpha/beta, IL-6, and the innate immune mediators IL-22, IL-23, IL-23R, and IL-12p40 are detected. Here we show that anti-VEGF antibody treatment of mice already displaying disease symptoms resulted in an overall improvement of the psoriatic lesions leading to a reduction in the number of blood vessels and a significant decrease in the size of dermal blood and lymphatic vessels. Importantly, anti-VEGF-treated mice showed a pronounced reduction of inflammatory cells within the dermis and a normalization of epidermal differentiation. These results demonstrate that systemic blockade of VEGF by an inhibitory antibody might be used to treat patients who have inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis.
Phase Transitions for the Information Bottleneck in Representation Learning (2020)

In the Information Bottleneck (IB), when tuning the relative strength between compression and prediction terms, how do the two terms behave, and what's their relationship with the dataset and the learned representation? In this paper, we set out to answer these questions by studying multiple phase transitions in the IB objective: $\text{IB}_β[p(z|x)] = I(X; Z) - βI(Y; Z)$ defined on the encoding distribution p(z|x) for input $X$, target $Y$ and representation $Z$, where sudden jumps of $dI(Y; Z)/d β$ and prediction accuracy are observed with increasing $β$. We introduce a definition for IB phase transitions as a qualitative change of the IB loss landscape, and show that the transitions correspond to the onset of learning new classes. Using second-order calculus of variations, we derive a formula that provides a practical condition for IB phase transitions, and draw its connection with the Fisher information matrix for parameterized models. We provide two perspectives to understand the formula, revealing that each IB phase transition is finding a component of maximum (nonlinear) correlation between $X$ and $Y$ orthogonal to the learned representation, in close analogy with canonical-correlation analysis (CCA) in linear settings. Based on the theory, we present an algorithm for discovering phase transition points. Finally, we verify that our theory and algorithm accurately predict phase transitions in categorical datasets, predict the onset of learning new classes and class difficulty in MNIST, and predict prominent phase transitions in CIFAR10.
Cavity-loss-induced generation of entangled atoms (1999)

We discuss the generation of entangled states of two two-level atoms inside an optical resonator. When the cavity decay is continuously monitored, the absence of photon counts is associated with the presence of an atomic entangled state. In addition to being conceptually simple, this scheme can be demonstrated with presently available technology. We describe how such a state is generated through conditional dynamics, using quantum jump methods, including both cavity damping and spontaneous emission decay, and evaluate the fidelity and relative entropy of entanglement of the generated state compared with the target entangled state.
Airway epithelial cell tolerance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2005)

The airway epithelial cell response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa entails adaptation and tolerance likely mediated, in part, by down-regulation of IRAK1.
Correction: Flexible self-supported metal–organic framework mats with exceptionally high porosity for enhanced separation and catalysis (2018)

Correction for ʻFlexible self-supported metal–organic framework mats with exceptionally high porosity for enhanced separation and catalysisʼ by Huixin Liang <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>J. Mater. Chem. A</italic>, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7ta08210j.
Delay in the diagnosis of endometriosis: a survey of women from the USA and the UK (1996)

We investigated the length of time between the onset of pain symptoms and the surgical diagnosis of endometriosis in women from the UK and the USA. A total of 218 women with surgically confirmed disease, recruited through endometriosis self-help groups, completed a postal questionnaire. The mean +/- SD delay in diagnosis for women from the USA was 11.73 +/- 9.05 years, significantly higher than the equivalent delay of 7.96 +/- 7.92 years for women from the UK (P < 0.01). The stage of disease did not effect the length of time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. Therefore there is considerable delay in the diagnosis of endometriosis for women from both the UK and the USA. Efforts to reduce this delay are required to minimize the suffering of women with this disease.
High‐Performance PM<sub>0.3</sub> Air Filters Using Self‐Polarized Electret Nanofiber/Nets (2020)

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) pollution in air is thought to be an important mortality risk factor globally. Most existing air filters face the extreme challenge of effectively removing PM 0.3 , which has the most penetration particle size (MPPS) of ≈0.3 µm yet is particularly harmful. Here, an innovative in situ electret electrospinning/netting technique that can manipulate both solution phase separation and crystal phase transition is reported to develop self‐polarized polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber/net membranes with 2D networks and superior surface adhesion. By combining the true nanoscale diameter (≈21 nm), small pore size (≈0.26 µm), and highly electret surface (6.8 kV potential) of the 2D nanonets, the synergistic effect of sieving and adhesion for MPPS PM 0.3 is achieved. Such double capture characteristic enables the high‐efficiency (≈99.998%) capture of PM 0.3 while maintaining low air resistance (≈0.1% atmosphere pressure). Moreover, the nanofiber/net filters show integrated properties of superhydrophobicity, desirable transparency (91%), and long‐term stability. The synthesis of such attractive nanomaterials presents a promising attempt toward the development of high‐performance filtration/separation materials for numerous applications.