gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The overexpression of OsACBP5 protects transgenic rice against necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic and biotrophic pathogens (2020)

The most devastating diseases in rice (Oryza sativa) are sheath blight caused by the fungal necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani, rice blast by hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and leaf blight by bacterial biotroph Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo). It has been reported that the Class III acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) such as those from dicots (Arabidopsis and grapevine) play a role in defence against biotrophic pathogens. Of the six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ACBPs, AtACBP3 conferred protection in transgenic Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae, but not the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. Similar to Arabidopsis, rice possesses six ACBPs, designated OsACBPs. The aims of this study were to test whether OsACBP5, the homologue of AtACBP3, can confer resistance against representative necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic and biotrophic phytopathogens and to understand the mechanisms in protection. Herein, when OsACBP5 was overexpressed in rice, the OsACBP5-overexpressing (OsACBP5-OE) lines exhibited enhanced disease resistance against representative necrotrophic (R. solani & Cercospora oryzae), hemibiotrophic (M. oryzae & Fusarium graminearum) and biotrophic (Xoo) phytopathogens. Progeny from a cross between OsACBP5-OE9 and the jasmonate (JA)-signalling deficient mutant were more susceptible than the wild type to infection by the necrotroph R. solani. In contrast, progeny from a cross between OsACBP5-OE9 and the salicylic acid (SA)-signalling deficient mutant was more susceptible to infection by the hemibiotroph M. oryzae and biotroph Xoo. Hence, enhanced resistance of OsACBP5-OEs against representative necrotrophs appears to be JA-dependent whilst that to (hemi)biotrophs is SA-mediated.
*-Aware charging of lithium-ion battery cells (2016)

Lithium-ion cells are widely used in various platforms, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and mobile devices. Complete and fast charging of cells has always been the goal for sustainable system operation. However, fast charging is not always the best solution, especially in view of a new finding that cells need to rest/relax after being charged with high current to avoid accelerated capacity fading. Fast charging for its typical Charge-and-Go scenario does not allow this needed relaxation. In this paper, we propose ∗-Aware, a novel charging algorithm which maximizes the charged capacity within the user-specified available charging time (i.e., user-awareness) while ensuring enough relaxation (i.e., cell-awareness). We motivate and evaluate ∗-Aware via extensive measurements over 10 months. ∗-Aware is shown to improve the charged capacity by 6.9-50.5% over other charging algorithms that also ensure relaxation, and by almost 3x in some extreme cases. Furthermore, ∗-Aware slows down the capacity fad- ing by 49.55% when compared to fast charging.
Elimination of transient vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser oscillations using photoactive feedback (1999)

It is demonstrated numerically that photoactive layers placed in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) cavity eliminate the generic transient oscillations caused by the increasing rate of carrier depletion with increasing photon flux ∂(dN/dt)/∂P&lt;0. Reversing the sign ∂(dN/dt)/∂P&gt;0, using appropriately chosen photoactive layers, makes the cavity relaxation frequency purely imaginary; the laser asymptotes to steady state without modulation as an overdamped oscillator. The sign reversal depends mainly on the layer doping parameters, but not on the laser power, thus suppression holds over the laser operation range.
Development and electrical properties of wurtzite (Al,Ti)N materials for thin film thermistors (2016)

Nitride thin-film materials are deposited on resin substrates for application as flexible thin-film temperature sensors. Highly crystalline wurtzite (Al,Ti)N films deposited on polyimide substrates offer both negative temperature coefficient properties and flexibility. Thermistor constants (B values) are analyzed by measuring the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity, Hall resistivity, and thermoelectric power. The B value is found to largely depend on the nitrogen content rather than on the titanium content in (Al,Ti)N, which suggests that electrical conduction through nitrogen atoms plays an important role in thermistor properties. The difference in electrical conduction mechanism between nitrides and oxides is also discussed on the basis of the analysis.
Picture Collage (2009)

In this paper, we address a novel problem of automatically creating a picture collage from a group of images. Picture collage is a kind of visual image summary-to arrange all input images on a given canvas, allowing overlay, to maximize visible visual information. We formulate the picture collage creation problem in a conditional random field model, which integrates image salience, canvas constraint, natural preference, and user interaction. Each image is represented by a group of weighted rectangles, which indicate the salient regions. Then picture collage is resolved by minimizing the energy, guided by the constraints. A two-step optimization method is proposed. First, a quick initialization algorithm based on the proposed 1D collage method is presented. Second, a very efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo method is designed for the refined optimization. We also integrate user interaction in the formulation and optimization to obtain an interactive collage reflecting personalized preference. Visual and quantitative experimental evaluations indicate the efficiency of the proposed collage creation technique.
The rotavirus surface protein VP8 modulates the gate and fence function of tight junctions in epithelial cells (2004)

Rotaviruses constitute a major cause of diarrhea in young mammals. Rotaviruses utilize different integrins as cell receptors, therefore upon their arrival to the intestinal lumen their integrin receptors will be hidden below the tight junction (TJ), on the basolateral membrane. Here we have studied whether the rotavirus outer capsid proteins are capable of opening the paracellular space sealed by the TJ. From the outermost layer of proteins of the rotavirus, 60 spikes formed of protein VP4 are projected. VP4 is essential for virus-cell interactions and is cleaved by trypsin into peptides VP5 and VP8. Here we found that when these peptides are added to confluent epithelial monolayers (Madin-Darby canine kidney cells), VP8 is capable of diminishing in a dose dependent and reversible manner the transepithelial electrical resistance. VP5 exerted no effect. VP8 can also inhibit the development of newly formed TJs in a Ca-switch assay. Treatment with VP8 augments the paracellular passage of non-ionic tracers, allows the diffusion of a fluorescent lipid probe and the apical surface protein GP135, from the luminal to the lateral membrane, and triggers the movement of the basolateral proteins Na+-K+-ATPase, alphanubeta3 integrin and beta1 integrin subunit, to the apical surface. VP8 generates a freeze-fracture pattern of TJs characterized by the appearance of loose end filaments, that correlates with an altered distribution of several TJ proteins. VP8 given orally to diabetic rats allows the enteral administration of insulin, thus indicating that it can be employed to modulate epithelial permeability.
Polydiacetylene: The Ideal Low Dimensional Organic Material (1984)

Abstract Polydiacetylenes, owing to their unique backbone structure and crystalline organization, can be considered to be the prototype one dimensional systems. We have developed techniques to engineer the diacetylene monomer in a manner that polydiacetylene is grown in the form of a large area-oriented film with controlled thickness and optical qualities. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of these systems have been investigated.
Wireless Sensing using Vehicle Headlamps for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Proof of Concept (2019)

Vehicular communication and sensing technologies are mainly based on the conventional radio frequency (RF) or laser technologies. These systems suffer from several issues such as RF interference and poor performance in scenarios where the incidence angle between the speed detector and the vehicle is rapidly varying. Introducing a new sensing technology will add diversity to these systems and enhance the reliability of the real-time data. In this study, we investigate our speed estimation sensing system named “Visible Light Detection and Ranging (ViLDAR)”. ViLDAR utilizes visible light sensing technology to measure the variation of the vehicle's headlamp light intensity and estimate the vehicle speed. The measurement settings of the ViLDAR experiments are presented. The preliminary results obtained in the real-world environment/setting are promising when compared to the simulations. Additional measurements using the ViLDAR prototype will be conducted under different conditions and scenarios to further optimize the system.
Microstructural and crystallographic aspects of thin film recording media (2000)

Various aspects of the structure of thin film longitudinal recording media are presented and discussed. In particular we discuss the role that the various layers of thin film media play in controlling the microstructure and magnetic properties of the magnetic layer. These include the grain size of the films, the texture of the films, the role of the intermediate layer and the role of chemical segregation.
Singularity-Free Workspace Aimed Optimal Design of a 2T2R Parallel Mechanism for Automated Fiber Placement (2015)

This paper introduces a new concept of applying a parallel mechanism in automated fiber placement (AFP) for aerospace part manufacturing. By investigating the system requirements, a 4DOF parallel mechanism consisting of two revolute–prismatic–spherical joints (2RPS) and two universal–prismatic–spherical joints (2UPS) limbs with two rotational (2R) and two translational (2T) motions is proposed. Both inverse and forward kinematics models are obtained and solved analytically. Based on the overall Jacobian matrix in screw theory, singularity loci are presented and the singularity-free workspace is correspondingly illustrated. To maximize the singularity-free workspace, locations of the 2UPS limbs with the platform and base sizes are used in the optimization which gives a new design of a 4DOF parallel mechanism. A dimensionless Jacobian matrix is also defined and its condition number is used for optimizing the kinematics performance in the optimization process. A numerical example is presented with physical constraint considerations of a test bed design for AFP.
Chemical repellency in birds: Relationship between chemical structure and avoidance response (1991)

We examined how molecular structure of 24 anthranilate and benzoic acid derivatives correlated with drinking behavior in European starlings Sturnus vulgaris. The effectiveness of bird repellents was associated with basicity, the presence of an electron-donating group in resonance with an electron-withdrawing carboxylic group on a phenyl ring, and a heterocyclic ring in the same pi cloud plane as the phenyl ring. Of the benzoic acid derivatives tested in this study, methyl, ethyl, dimethyl, and linalyl anthranilate as well as anthranilic acid and 4-ketobenztriazine were repellent to birds. Water consumption was significantly reduced relative to control levels at concentrations as low as 0.05% (weight/volume) for the best repellents. Further statistical tests showed that reduction in consumption for the best repellents was absolute, not significantly different from zero consumption. Anthranilic acid isomers were moderately good repellents. The ability to generate a model predicting repellency allows for the efficient identification and development of ecologically sound, nonlethal, taxa-specific repellents to be used for the protection of wildlife in agricultural and industrial applications.
Dose effects of temazepam in transient insomnia. (1990)

A transient insomnia model, the "first night" effect in the sleep laboratory, was used to assess the dose range for the hypnotic and sleep stage effects of temazepam. 201 healthy, normal subjects (97 men and 104 women), 21 to 49 years old, with no sleep complaints were studied. Each was randomly assigned to receive either placebo, 7.5, 15, or 30 mg temazepam hard gelatin capsules (Restoril) administered double-blind 30 min before bedtime on their first night in the sleep laboratory. Over the 8-h polysomnogram total sleep time and sleep efficiency increased significantly in a linear fashion with increasing doses of temazepam. Sleep tendency was significantly reduced by increasing doses again in a linear manner. Wake time during the sleep period was reduced significantly only by the higher dose. The percentage of stage 1 sleep was reduced and the percentage of stage 2 sleep was increased, each linearly with increasing doses. These data are the first to demonstrate the hypnotic effects of a 7.5 mg dose of temazepam and also support previous studies of 15 and 30 mg temazepam administered to chronic insomniacs. They also illustrate the utility of the "first night" effect as a model of transient insomnia.
Scope for using plant viruses to present epitopes from animal pathogens (1998)

Epitope presentation to the immune system for vaccination purposes can be achieved either via an inactivated or attenuated form of a pathogen or via its isolated antigenic sequences. When free, these peptides can adopt a variety of conformations, most of which will not exist in their native environment. Conjugation to carrier proteins restricts mobility of the peptides and increases their immunogenicity. A high local concentration of epitopes boosts the immune response further and can be generated by the use of self-aggregating carriers, such as the capsid proteins of viruses. In this regard plant viruses have in recent years started to make an impact as safer alternatives to the use of bacterial and attenuated animal viruses: the latter both require propagation in costly cell-culture systems where they can undergo reversion towards a virulent form and/or become contaminated by other pathogens. Plant virus-based vectors can be multiplied cheaply and to high yields (exceeding 1 mg/g plant tissue) in host plants. Both helical (tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X, alfalfa mosaic virus) and icosahedral (cowpea mosaic virus, tomato bushy stunt virus) particles have been used to express a number of animal B-cell epitopes, whose immunogenic properties have been explored to varying degrees. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Strains Intended for the Production of Inactivated Polio Vaccine at Low-Containment After Eradication (2015)

Poliomyelitis has nearly been eradicated through the efforts of the World Health Organization's Global Eradication Initiative raising questions on containment of the virus after it has been eliminated in the wild. Most manufacture of inactivated polio vaccines currently requires the growth of large amounts of highly virulent poliovirus, and release from a production facility after eradication could be disastrous; WHO have therefore recommended the use of the attenuated Sabin strains for production as a safer option although it is recognised that they can revert to a transmissible paralytic form. We have exploited the understanding of the molecular virology of the Sabin vaccine strains to design viruses that are extremely genetically stable and hyperattenuated. The viruses are based on the type 3 Sabin vaccine strain and have been genetically modified in domain V of the 5' non-coding region by changing base pairs to produce a cassette into which capsid regions of other serotypes have been introduced. The viruses give satisfactory yields of antigenically and immunogenically correct viruses in culture, are without measurable neurovirulence and fail to infect non-human primates under conditions where the Sabin strains will do so.
Effect of 8-iso Prostaglandin E2 on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Monkeys (1998)

The application of 8-iso PGE2 may have potential for the treatment of glaucoma as an outflow facility-increasing drug.
Comparison of two optical-core networks (2001)

The resource requirements for two optical-core network architectures are compared. One architecture is a highly optimized, multihop mesh of optical switches, in which the number of optical nodes traversed by a light path is bounded. The other is a single-hop composite-star structure. We show in a case study that although the composite star may require a higher fiber-distance value than the optimized mesh structure, it needs many fewer ports and a smaller optical switching fabric to achieve the same throughput. The single-hop network does not require any wavelngth conversion, it eliminates the need for traffic engineering, and is resilient to changes in the spatial distribution of traffic. Results are quantified through simulation.
Production as a service: A centralized framework for small batch manufacturing (2017)

We present a Production as a Service (PaaS) framework that connects users (product developers) who have small batch production needs, with existing manufacturing facilities that have underutilized resources. PaaS is a web-based framework based on the service oriented architecture (SOA) design that breaks down the manufacturing of a product into several steps, or services, to incorporate various manufacturers with available capability in fulfilling the production request. Preservation of intellectual property (IP) is a major concern with SOA based manufacturing systems. Presented work aims to address this issue by using abstracted features to describe a product design, which enables manufacturers to provide quotations for the manufacturing steps without the need for the detailed technical data of the product. The paper also presents the optimization approaches employed to find feasible solutions based on the collected quotations for a production request by relaxing the precedence constraints on the manufacturing processes or the components. A case study is provided to illustrate the functionalities of the proposed framework. A detailed description of the PaaS architecture and the required APIs for its implementation are also provided.
Supplementary figure S3 from Differential PI3Kδ Signaling in CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Subsets Enables Selective Targeting of T Regulatory Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

<p>The inhibition of PI3KÎ± or PI3KÎ² does not block the activation of Akt in Tregs and Tconvs</p>
Making a Smart Grid Case: Fault circuit indicators (2013)

Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE) started implementing distribution automation (DA) into its distribution system operations since early 2000. With the advances in communications and technology, the number of available DA applications has significantly increased. In order to improve the system reliability, BGE decided to utilize fault circuit indicators (FCIs) as part of its Smart Grid Pilot Program. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the optimization technique that has been developed in order to determine the optimal location for any desired number of fault circuit indicators on the six test feeders, and provide the expected CAIDI values, cost-benefit analysis and discounted cash flow analysis, in order to make a business case for the FCI implementation across the whole system.
Functional Aspects of Human Sperm Binding to the Zona Pellucida Using the Hemizona Assay (1991)

The hemizona assay (HZA) has facilitated investigations of sperm function in relation to zona pellucida binding. In this study, the authors examined: 1) the association between hyperactivated sperm motility and HZA binding; 2) the binding kinetics and efficiency of sperm from subfertile men; and 3) the influence of sperm freezing and thawing on binding capacity. For each HZA, a nonviable human oocyte was cut into equal zona hemispheres. The mean number of bound sperm and the incidence of hyperactivation were significantly greater for samples of sperm from fertile men compared with sperm from subfertile men (P less than 0.05). Subfertile sperm had a binding curve that paralleled the curve for fertile sperm, although the magnitude of binding was markedly reduced. Freezing and thawing of sperm from fertile samples impaired their capacity to bind to the zona pellucida. The HZA binding efficiency was reduced by 30%, although the binding curves for fresh versus frozen samples remained parallel.
Speaker verification using temporal decorrelation post-processing (1992)

A text-dependent method of speaker verification processing which utilizes the statistical correlation between measured features of speech across whole words is described. The correlation is used in a linear discriminant analysis to define uncorrelated world-level features as a metric. Initial results indicate that this method can significantly reduce the amount of storage necessary for speaker-specific speech information. Furthermore, this method provides promise of improved verification performance compared to methods based on hidden Markov model (HMM) state level observation metrics. Since the linear discriminant analysis yields features which are decorrelated over entire words, this method should be more robust to signal distortions which are consistent over the entire utterance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine antibodies on the shedding and transmission of challenge viruses (2013)

Different genotypes of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 virus (APMV-1) circulate in many parts of the world. Traditionally, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is recognized as having two major divisions represented by classes I and II, with class II being further divided into sixteen genotypes. Although all NDV are members of APMV-1 and are of one serotype, antigenic and genetic diversity is observed between the different genotypes. Reports of vaccine failure from many countries and reports by our lab on the reduced ability of classical vaccines to significantly decrease viral replication and shedding have created renewed interest in developing vaccines formulated with genotypes homologous to the virulent NDV (vNDV) circulating in the field. We assessed how the amount and specificity of humoral antibodies induced by inactivated vaccines affected viral replication, clinical protection and evaluated how non-homologous (heterologous) antibody levels induced by live NDV vaccines relate to transmission of vNDV. In an experimental setting, all inactivated NDV vaccines protected birds from morbidity and mortality, but higher and more specific levels of antibodies were required to significantly decrease viral replication. It was possible to significantly decrease viral replication and shedding with high levels of antibodies and those levels could be more easily reached with vaccines formulated with NDV of the same genotype as the challenge viruses. However, when the levels of heterologous antibodies were sufficiently high, it was possible to prevent transmission. As the level of humoral antibodies increase in vaccinated birds, the number of infected birds and the amount of vNDV shed decreased. Thus, in an experimental setting the effective levels of humoral antibodies could be increased by (1) increasing the homology of the vaccine to the challenge virus, or (2) allowing optimal time for the development of the immune response.