gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
24.7 A 60nV/&#x221A;Hz 15-channel digital active electrode system for portable biopotential signal acquisition (2014)

Dry active electrodes (AE), i.e., the combination of dry electrodes with in situ amplification, are increasingly used for biopotential measurements in emerging healthcare and lifestyle applications [1]. Compared to gel-based wet electrodes, dry electrodes enable fast set-up time, greater user comfort, and long-term monitoring. AE amplifiers ensure local amplification providing improved robustness to noise interference and cable motion artifacts. However, current AEs have analog outputs requiring powerful analog buffers to drive biopotential signals over measurement cables. Furthermore, analog outputs must be digitized by the back-end (BE) system [2,3]. Besides, parameter mismatch between AEs limits the overall CMRR. CMFB [1] or CMFF [2] helps but comes at the expense of increased number cables between the BE and AEs. These problems significantly increase the overall system complexity and cost.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR THE CONVERSION OF N‐TOSYLSULFOXIMINES TO SULFOXIMINES. SULFOXIMINE DERIVATIVES OF 1,3‐DITHIANE (1978)

Abstract 1,3‐Dithian (I) wird mit Chloramin T (II) in 1‐Tosylimino‐1,3‐dithian (III) übergeführt, mit Kaliumpemianganat zu (IV) oxidiert und mit Natrium in Ammoniak zum 1‐Imino‐1,3,3‐trioxo‐1,3‐dithian (V) gespalten.
Feline leukemia virus subgroup C phenotype evolves through distinct alterations near the N terminus of the envelope surface glycoprotein. (1992)

Feline leukemia viruses (FeLVs) belonging to the C subgroup induce aplastic anemia in domestic cats and have the ability, unique among FeLV strains, to proliferate in guinea pig fibroblasts in tissue culture. Previous studies have shown that the pathogenic and host range specificity of a prototype molecular clone of FeLV-C [FeLV-Sarma-C (FSC)] colocalize to a region encoding the 3' 73 amino acids of the pol gene product and the N-terminal 241 amino acids of the envelope surface glycoprotein named SU. Here, we amplified, via PCR, cloned, and sequenced the SU coding sequence from three additional anemia-inducing subgroup C FeLV isolates. Chimeric viruses were constructed by replacement of fragments of FeLV-C envelope genes into the FeLV-A prototype virus 61E. Using a modified vesicular stomatitis virus-FeLV pseudotype assay, we demonstrated that the subgroup C receptor specificity for each virus was determined by changes within the N-terminal 87-92 amino acids of SU, in which most changes occurred within the 15- to 20-amino-acid first variable region (V1). Determinants for growth in guinea pig cells colocalized to this region. Despite the consistent localization of biological determinants, the only consistent features that distinguished the deduced FeLV-A and FeLV-C proteins was one lysine-to-arginine change and a structural prediction of an alpha-helix in FeLV-A proteins versus random coil in FeLV-C proteins within V1. However, arginine in equilibrium with lysine substitutions were not sufficient to convert the subgroup A virus to the subgroup C phenotype or vice versa. Thus, certain distinct structural changes within the N-terminal region of FeLV SU can result in convergent viral phenotypes.
Telephone-responsive device for muting the sound output of a television set (1993)

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Real-time flat-panel detector-based cone beam volume CT breast imaging: phantom and specimen study (2003)

Conventional film-screen mammography is the most effective tool for the early detection of breast cancer currently available. However, conventional mammography has relatively low sensitivity to detect small breast cancers (under several millimeters) owing to an overlap in the appearances of benign and malignant lesions, and surrounding structure. The limitations accompanying conventional mammography is to be addressed by incorporating a cone beam volume CT imaging technique with a recently developed flat panel detector. Computer simulation and preliminary studies have been performed to prove the feasibility of developing a flat panel detector-based cone beam volume CT breast imaging (FPD-CBVCTBI) technique. In this study, a specimen experiment is performed to confirm the findings in the computer simulation and previous phantom studies using the current prototype cone beam volume CT scanner. The results indicate that the CBVCTBI technique effectively removes structure overlap and significantly improves the detectability of small breast tumors. More importantly, the results also demonstrate CBVCTBI offers good correlation with pathology images with the radiation dose level less than or equal to that of conventional mammography. The results from this study suggest that FPD-CBVCTBI is a potentially powerful breast-imaging tool.
Theory of dispersive microlenses (1993)

A dispersive microlens is a miniature optical element which simultaneously focuses and disperses light. Arrays of dispersive mircolenses have potential applications in multicolor focal planes. They have a 100 percent optical fill factor and can focus light down to detectors of diffraction spot size, freeing up areas on the focal plane for on-chip analog signal processing. Use of dispersive microlenses allows inband color separation within a pixel and perfect scene registration. A dual-color separation has the potential for temperature discrimination. We discuss the design of dispersive microlenses and present sample results for efficient designs.
Novel Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitor with Anticancer Activity in Multiple Myeloma (2016)

Multiple myeloma cells secrete more disulfide bond-rich proteins than any other mammalian cell. Thus, inhibition of protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) required for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) should increase ER stress beyond repair in this incurable cancer. Here, we report the mechanistically unbiased discovery of a novel PDI-inhibiting compound with antimyeloma activity. We screened a 30,355 small-molecule library using a multilayered multiple myeloma cell-based cytotoxicity assay that modeled disease niche, normal liver, kidney, and bone marrow. CCF642, a bone marrow-sparing compound, exhibited a submicromolar IC50 in 10 of 10 multiple myeloma cell lines. An active biotinylated analog of CCF642 defined binding to the PDI isoenzymes A1, A3, and A4 in MM cells. In vitro, CCF642 inhibited PDI reductase activity about 100-fold more potently than the structurally distinct established inhibitors PACMA 31 and LOC14. Computational modeling suggested a novel covalent binding mode in active-site CGHCK motifs. Remarkably, without any further chemistry optimization, CCF642 displayed potent efficacy in an aggressive syngeneic mouse model of multiple myeloma and prolonged the lifespan of C57BL/KaLwRij mice engrafted with 5TGM1-luc myeloma, an effect comparable to the first-line multiple myeloma therapeutic bortezomib. Consistent with PDI inhibition, CCF642 caused acute ER stress in multiple myeloma cells accompanied by apoptosis-inducing calcium release. Overall, our results provide an illustration of the utility of simple in vivo simulations as part of a drug discovery effort, along with a sound preclinical rationale to develop a new small-molecule therapeutic to treat multiple myeloma. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3340-50. ©2016 AACR.
Synthesis of Submicrometer Hollow Particles with a Nanoscale Double-Layer Shell Structure (2012)

The morphology of hollow, double-shelled submicrometer particles is generated through a rapid aerosol-based process. The inner shell is an essentially hydrophobic carbon layer of nanoscale dimension (20 nm), and the outer shell is a hydrophilic silica layer of approximately 40 nm, with the shell thickness being a function of the particle size. The particles are synthesized by exploiting concepts of salt bridging to lock in a surfactant (CTAB) and carbon precursors together with iron species in the interior of a droplet. This deliberate negation of surfactant templating allows a silica shell to form extremely rapidly, sealing in the organic species in the particle interior. Subsequent pyrolysis results in a buildup of internal pressure, forcing carbonaceous species against the silica wall to form an inner shell of carbon. The incorporation of magnetic iron oxide into the shells opens up applications in external stimuli-responsive nanomaterials.
Fluorinated coal as an internal standard for unit mass assignment (1976)

Abstract Fluorination of bituminous coal by elemental fluorine yields a solid product from which a solid distillate can be made by vacuum pyrolysis. Both fluorinated materials are easily made and are useful for mass spectrometric unit mass assignments. They have certain advantages over the commonly used perfluorokerosene, particularly for use in the high mass region.
Self-protonating spiropyran-co-NIPAM-co-acrylic acid hydrogel photoactuators (2013)

Up to now, photoresponsive hydrogels and ionogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymerised with pendant spiropyran groups require exposure to external acidic solution (usually milimolar HCl) to generate the swollen gel prior to photo-triggered contraction. This serious functional limitation has been solved by copolymerising acrylic acid into the gel matrix, to provide an internal source of protons. Due to the relative pKa values of acrylic acid and the spiropyran and merocyanine isomers, the protonation and deprotonation occurs internally within the gel and there is no need for an external source of protons. Furthermore, the shrinking–expansion cycles of these gels in deionised water are repeatable, as protonation throughout the gel does not rely on movement of protons from an external acidic solution into the bulk gel. In contrast to previous formulations, these gels do not show degradation of their photo-induced shrinking ability after multiple washings in deionised water and repeated switching over a 2 month period.
LeveragingtheTalentofHandAnimators toCreateThree-DimensionalAnimation (2009)

The skills required to create compelling three-dimensional animation using computer software are quite different from those required to create compelling hand animation with pencil and paper. The three-dimensional medium has several advantages over the traditional medium—it is easy to relight the scene, render it from different viewpoints, and add physical simulations. In this work, we propose a method to leverage the talent of traditionally trained hand animators to create three-dimensional animation of human motion, while allowing them to work in the medium that is familiar to them. The input to our algorithm is a set of hand-animated frames. Our key insight is to use motion capture data as a source of domain knowledge and ‘lift’ the two-dimensional animation to three dimensions, while maintaining the unique style of the input animation. A motion capture clip is projected to two dimensions. First, time alignment is done to match the timing of the hand-drawn frames and then, the limbs are aligned to better match the pose in the hand-drawn frames. Finally the motion is reconstructed in three dimensions. We demonstrate our algorithm on a variety of hand animated motion sequences on different characters, including ballet, a stylized sneaky walk, and a sequence of jumping jacks.
Aziridine-Mediated Ligation and Site-Specific Modification of Unprotected Peptides (2011)

A synthesis of aziridine-containing peptides via the Cu(II)-promoted coupling of unprotected peptide thioacids and N-H aziridine-2-carbonyl peptides is reported. The unique reactivity of the resulting N-acylated aziridine-2-carbonyl peptides facilitates their subsequent regioselective and stereoselective nucleophilic ring-opening to give unprotected peptides that are specifically modified at the ligation site. The aziridine-mediated peptide ligation concept is exemplified using H(2)O as the nucleophile, producing a Xaa-Thr linkage (where Xaa can be an epimerizable and hindered amino acid). The overall process is compatible with a variety of unprotected amino acid functionality, most notably the N-terminal and Lys side chain amines.
Development and use of a high-throughput screen to identify novel modulators of the corticotropin releasing factor binding protein (2022)

These results provide the first evidence of specific roles for CRF<sub>2</sub> and CRFBP(10kD) in the modulation of neuronal activity and suggest that CRFBP(10kD)-CRF<sub>2</sub> NAMs can be further developed for the treatment of stress-related disorders including alcohol and substance use disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5,6‐DIHYDROXYINDOLE: A NOVEL REDUCTIVE CYCLIZATION OF (E)‐4,5‐DIHYDROXY‐2,β‐DINITROSTYRENE (1985)

Abstract 5,6‐Dihydroxyindol (VI) wird ausgehend von Nitropiperonal (I) oder dem geschützten Dinitrostyrol (V) nach dem Formelschema hergestellt.
Modified kinetics of enzymes interacting with nanoparticles (2015)

Enzymes are important players in multiple applications, be it bioremediation, biosynthesis, or as reporters. The business of catalysis and inhibition of enzymes is a multibillion dollar industry and understanding the kinetics of commercial enzymes can have a large impact on how these systems are optimized. Recent advances in nanotechnology have opened up the field of nanoparticle (NP) and enzyme conjugates and two principal architectures for NP conjugate systems have been developed. In the first example the enzyme is bound to the NP in a persistent manner, here we find that key factors such as directed enzyme conjugation allow for enhanced kinetics. Through controlled comparative experiments we begin to tease out specific mechanisms that may account for the enhancement. The second system is based on dynamic interactions of the enzymes with the NP. The enzyme substrate is bound to the NP and the enzyme is free in solution. Here again we find that there are many variables , such as substrate positioning and NP selection, that modify the kinetics.
<title>Automated Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) Infrared Analyzer</title> (1981)

The development of efficient infrared acoustooptic materials along with techniques for growing these materials as large single crystals of good optical quality has extended the operating spectral range of acoustooptic tunable filters into the near and mid-infrared. As a result, it is now possible to construct compact, high-throughput infrared spectral analyzers controlled by microcomputers. We describe here the design and operation of such a filter, and discuss results of some tests of its application as an infrared gas analyzer.
Integrated model-based retargeting and optical proximity correction (2011)

Conventional resolution enhancement techniques (RET) are becoming increasingly inadequate at addressing the challenges of subwavelength lithography. In particular, features show high sensitivity to process variation in low-k1 lithography. Process variation aware RETs such as process-window OPC are becoming increasingly important to guarantee high lithographic yield, but such techniques suffer from high runtime impact. An alternative to PWOPC is to perform retargeting, which is a rule-assisted modification of target layout shapes to improve their process window. However, rule-based retargeting is not a scalable technique since rules cannot cover the entire search space of two-dimensional shape configurations, especially with technology scaling. In this paper, we propose to integrate the processes of retargeting and optical proximity correction (OPC). We utilize the normalized image log slope (NILS) metric, which is available at no extra computational cost during OPC. We use NILS to guide dynamic target modification between iterations of OPC. We utilize the NILS tagging capabilities of Calibre TCL scripting to identify fragments with low NILS. We then perform NILS binning to assign different magnitude of retargeting to different NILS bins. NILS is determined both for width, to identify regions of pinching, and space, to locate regions of potential bridging. We develop an integrated flow for 1x metal lines (M1) which exhibits lesser lithographic hotspots compared to a flow with just OPC and no retargeting. We also observe cases where hotspots that existed in the rule-based retargeting flow are fixed using our methodology. We finally also demonstrate that such a retargeting methodology does not significantly alter design properties by electrically simulating a latch layout before and after retargeting. We observe less than 1% impact on latch Clk-Q and D-Q delays post-retargeting, which makes this methodology an attractive one for use in improving shape process windows without perturbing designed values.
High‐Performance Liquid and Solid Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a Novel Metal‐Free Organic Sensitizer (2008)

A new metal-free organic sensitizer (see figure) for high-performance and applicable dye-sensitized solar cells is presented. In combination with a solvent-free ionic liquid electrolyte, a ∼ 7% cell made with this sensitizer shows an excellent stability measured under thermal and light-soaking dual stress. For the first time a 4.8% efficiency is reached for all-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on an organic dye. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
On the design and analysis of fault tolerant NoC architecture using spare routers (2011)

The aggressive advent in VLSI manufacturing technology has made dramatic impacts on the dependability of devices and interconnects. In the modern manycore system, mesh based Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is widely adopted as on chip communication infrastructure. It is critical to provide an effective fault tolerance scheme on mesh based NoC. A faulty router or broken link isolates a well functional processing element (PE). Also, a set of faulty routers form faulty regions which may break down the whole design. To address these issues, we propose an innovative router-level fault tolerance scheme with spare routers which is different from the traditional microarchitecture-level approach. The spare routers not only provide redundancies but also diversify connection paths between adjacent routers. To exploit these valuable resources on fault tolerant capabilities, two configuration algorithms are demonstrated. One is shift-and-replace-allocation (SARA) and the other is defect-awareness-path-allocation (DAPA) that takes advantage of path diversity in our architecture. The proposed design is transparent to any routing algorithm since the output topology is consistent to the original mesh. Experimental results show that our scheme has remarkable improvements on fault tolerant metrics including reliability, mean time to failure (MTTF), and yield. In addition, the performance of spare router increases with the growth of NoC size but the relative connection cost decreases at the same time. This rare and valuable characteristic makes our solution suitable for large scale NoC design.
A sonic net excludes birds from an airfield: implications for reducing bird strike and crop losses (2016)

Collisions between birds and aircraft cause billions of dollars of damages annually to civil, commercial, and military aviation. Yet technology to reduce bird strike is not generally effective, especially over longer time periods. Previous information from our lab indicated that filling an area with acoustic noise, which masks important communication channels for birds, can displace European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) from food sources. Here we deployed a spatially controlled noise (termed a "sonic net"), designed to overlap with the frequency range of bird vocalizations, at an airfield. By conducting point counts, we monitored the presence of birds for four weeks before deployment of our sonic net, and for four weeks during deployment. We found an 82% reduction in bird presence in the sonic net area compared with change in the reference areas. This effect was as strong in the fourth week of exposure as in the first week. We also calculated the potential costs avoided resulting from this exclusion. We propose that spatially controlled acoustic manipulations that mask auditory communication for birds may be an effective long term and fairly benign way of excluding problem birds from areas of socioeconomic importance, such as airfields, agricultural sites, and commercial properties.
In Situ Measurements of Water Vapor Partial Pressure and Temperature Dynamics in a PEM Fuel Cell (2009)

A fast in situ sensor was developed for detection of water vapor partial pressure and temperature simultaneously in the flow channels of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Utilizing tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with wavelength modulation, this technique determined the ratio of harmonic signals of spectral absorption using a software lock-in amplifier. A curve-fitting analysis ensured errors less than in water partial pressure and in gas temperature. Measurements were taken at steady and dynamic operating conditions in a serpentine channel prototypical PEM fuel cell while simultaneously sampling the anode and cathode gas channels near the inlet and outlet ports. External load and inlet humidity conditions were varied. With increasing current density, water vapor concentration increased toward both outlets, but the increase was more prominent on the cathode side. The temporal variation in water vapor during dynamic operation of the fuel cell was examined with a time resolution of . For sudden external load changes, transients in water concentration were observed near the anode outlet due to the increase in electro-osmotic drag through the membrane. This dynamic water transport was observed and can be used to characterize the step response of the cell to external changes in current.
Automated identification of Relatively Permanent Pigmented or Vascular Skin Marks (RPPVSM) (2013)

In cases of child pornography and child sexual abuse, criminals are usually careful to hide or cover their faces and tattoos, thus making identification difficult. However, naturally occurring skin marks can be observed in close-up views of their back, chest, or thighs, which are usually present in evidence images. Recently, a group of skin marks named Relatively Permanent Pigmented or Vascular Skin Marks (RPPVSM) was proposed as a biometric trait for identification. Manual RPPVSM identification can be tiring and time consuming. We propose in this paper an automated RPPVSM identification system, which is composed of RPPVSM detection and matching algorithms. Three learning-based detection algorithms were developed to automatically detect RPPVSMs in color images. To evaluate these algorithms, experiments were performed on a database containing 216 back torso images from 118 subjects. The results show that high identification accuracy can be achieved and that the proposed RPPVSM identification system has high potential for forensic investigation.