gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MCL-1 inhibitors – where are we now (2019)? (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) is an anti-apoptotic member of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of proteins that regulates apoptosis. Elevated levels of MCL-1 contribute to tumorigenesis and resistance, not only to conventional chemotherapies but also to targeted therapies, including the BCL-2 selective inhibitor venetoclax. Accordingly, researchers in both the pharmaceutical industry and academia have been actively seeking MCL-1 inhibitors in the quest for new anti-cancer drugs. <b>Areas covered</b>: This review covers the patent literature on the discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors of MCL-1 since 2017. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Pharmacologic inhibition of MCL-1's oncogenic activity has certainly come of age with the discovery of numerous inhibitors spanning a variety of chemotypes that selectively inhibit MCL-1 in the picomolar range and with on-target cell activity. Furthermore, seminal research by Servier has demonstrated for the first time that MCL-1 inhibition is tolerable in animal models of cancer, paving the way for the six Phase 1 clinical trials that are currently underway for hematological malignancies, among other cancers. After more than a decade of research, the hurdles and obstacles are mostly behind us, and uncovering the therapeutic impact of disrupting the protein-protein interactions of MCL-1 in humans is imminent.
STACL: Simultaneous Translation with Implicit Anticipation and Controllable Latency using Prefix-to-Prefix Framework (2019)

Mingbo Ma, Liang Huang, Hao Xiong, Renjie Zheng, Kaibo Liu, Baigong Zheng, Chuanqiang Zhang, Zhongjun He, Hairong Liu, Xing Li, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang. Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2019.
Structure-Based Design of a Macrocyclic Inhibitor for Peptide Deformylase (2003)

A macrocyclic, peptidomimetic inhibitor of peptide deformylase was designed by covalently cross-linking the P1' and P3' side chains. The macrocycle, which contains an N-formylhydroxylamine side chain as the metal-chelating group, was synthesized from a diene precursor via olefin metathesis using Grubbs's catalyst. The cyclic inhibitor showed potent inhibitory activity toward Escherichia coli deformylase (K(I) = 0.67 nM) and antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC = 0.7-12 microg/mL).
Modeling Exception Flows in Integration Systems (2014)

Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIP) are a collection of widely used patterns for integrating enterprise applications and business processes. These patterns represent a "de-facto" standard for design decisions when integrating enterprise applications. In previous work, the EIP control and data flow syntax and semantics have been expressed in the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) as a semantic model for message-based integration. However, exceptions during message processing were left for further studies. In this work, we specify common exceptional situations in integration systems and derive exception types, for which we define a compliant representation in BPMN, resulting in general patterns for exception handling and compensation. The patterns extend previous work by the Exception Flow, evaluated syntactically and semantically for representative integration scenarios.
Low resistance laser formed lateral links (1982)

A new technique is described for reliably forming low resistance links by using a laser to bridge a lateral gap between two Al conductors deposited on insulating polysilicon. Resistances in the range of 1-10 ohms were achieved for gap widths of approximately 2-3 microns using 1 msec pulses from an argon laser. This technique should be ideally suited to implementing defect avoidance using redundancy in large RAM's and complex VLSI circuits. It requires a single level of metal and should provide higher density and lower capacitance when compared to alternative techniques.
Hallmarks of the cancer cell of origin: Comparisons with “energetic” cancer stem cells (e-CSCs) (2019)

Here, we discuss the expected hallmark(s) of the cancer cell of origin and how this may be related to a new tumor cell phenotype, namely "energetic" cancer stem cells (e-CSCs). e-CSCs show many features that would be characteristic of the cancer cell of origin, including the over-expression of p21-WAF (CDKN1A), a key marker of senescence. It is tempting to speculate that the cancer cell of origin and e-CSCs are closely related entities. e-CSCs possess a hybrid phenotype, sharing key hallmarks of senescence, "stemness" and cancer. e-CSCs are hyper-proliferative and have elevated mitochondrial metabolism, with an NRF2-mediated anti-oxidant response signature, including glutaredoxin (GLRX) and ALDH3A1 over-expression, possibly related to their escape from senescence. Finally, in e-CSCs, BCAS1 (Breast carcinoma-amplified sequence-1) protein expression was up-regulated by >100-fold. BCAS1 is a candidate oncogene associated with "stemness" and aggressive oncogenic behavior, such as Tamoxifen resistance.
An Example-Based Japanese Proofreading System for Offshore Development (2012)

More than 70 % of Japanese IT companies are engaged in the offshore development of their products in China. However, a decrease in the quality of the accompanying Japanese engineering documentation has become a serious problem due to errors in Japanese grammar. A proofreading system is therefore required for offshore development cases. The goal of this research is to construct an automatic proofreading system for the Japanese language that can be used in offshore development. We considered an example-based proofreading approach that can effectively use our proofreading corpus and simultaneously process multiple types of error. There are three main steps in the proofreading system. They are the search step, the check step and the replace step. We will make a demostration for the proofreading system and simulated the use of our example-based approach. The results show that using the entire corpus can reduce the errors
Molecular discrimination and contrast enhancement using a scanning coherent anti-stokes Raman microscope (1983)

New applications of a nonlinear optical microscope using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (GARS) are presented. Excellent molecular discrimination using chemically similar molecular species and signal contrast enhancement using digital image processing are demonstrated. Limitations of the technique and future applications are discussed.
Light Harvesting: Near‐Infrared Harvesting Transparent Luminescent Solar Concentrators (Advanced Optical Materials 7/2014) (2014)

A transparent luminescent solar concentrator that selectively harvests NIR photons is demonstrated. On page 606, R. R. Lunt and co-workers describe the photophysical and electronic properties of the luminophores, the impact of ligandhost control, and the optimization of the solar concentrator architectures to realize their potential for use in electronic displays, solar windows, and other glazing systems with high defect tolerances and processability.
Lytic activity of the staphylolytic Twort phage endolysin CHAP domain is enhanced by the SH3b cell wall binding domain (2015)

Increases in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have elicited efforts to develop novel antimicrobials to treat these drug-resistant pathogens. One potential treatment repurposes the lytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages as antimicrobials. The phage Twort endolysin (PlyTW) harbors three domains, a cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolases/peptidase domain (CHAP), an amidase-2 domain and a SH3b-5 cell wall binding domain (CBD). Our results indicate that the CHAP domain alone is necessary and sufficient for lysis of live S. aureus, while the amidase-2 domain is insufficient for cell lysis when provided alone. Loss of the CBD results in ∼10X reduction of enzymatic activity in both turbidity reduction and plate lysis assays compared to the full length protein. Deletion of the amidase-2 domain resulted in a protein (PlyTW Δ172-373) with lytic activity that exceeded the activity of the full length construct in both the turbidity reduction and plate lysis assays. Addition of Ca(2+) enhanced the turbidity reduction activity of both the full length protein and truncation constructs harboring the CHAP domain. Chelation by addition of EDTA or the addition of zinc inhibited the activity of all PlyTW constructs.
A Generic Approach to Coat Carbon Nanotubes With Nanoparticles for Potential Energy Applications (2008)

A generic and material-independent dry route based on electrostatic force directed assembly (ESFDA) is used to assemble various nanoparticles onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Charged and nonagglomerated aerosol nanocrystals are first produced using a mini-arc plasma source and then delivered in an inert carrier gas to electrically biased CNTs. The electric field near the CNT is significantly enhanced, and the aerosol nanoparticles are attracted to the external surface of CNTs. For the first time, CNTs have been sequentially coated with nanoparticles of multiple materials to realize the multicomponent coating. High resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that the nonagglomerated entity of nanoparticles and the crystallinity of both nanoparticles and CNTs are preserved during the assembly. The ESFDA technique enables unique hybrid nanostructures attractive for various energy applications.
Melting, casting, and alpha-phase extrusion of the uranium-2. 4 weight percent niobium alloy (1981)

The experimental details of the melting, casting, homogenization, and alpha-phase extrusion process used to fabricate the uranium-2.4 wt % niobium alloy into 46-mm-diameter rods is described. Extrusion defects that were detected by an ultrasonic technique were eliminated by proper choice of extrusion parameters; namely, reduction ratio, ram speed, die angle, and billet preheat temperature.
Single-Assay Combination of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) EBNA1- and Viral Capsid Antigen-p18-Derived Synthetic Peptides for Measuring Anti-EBV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA Antibody Levels in Sera from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: Options for Field Screening (2006)

Assessment of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses to various Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen complexes, usually involving multiple serological assays, is important for the early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Through combination of two synthetic peptides representing immunodominant epitopes of EBNA1 and viral capsid antigen (VCA)-p18 we developed a one-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the specific detection of EBV reactive IgG and IgA antibodies in NPC patients (EBV IgG/IgA ELISA). Sera were obtained from healthy donors (n = 367), non-NPC head and neck cancer patients (n = 43), and biopsy-proven NPC patients (n = 296) of Indonesian and Chinese origin. Higher values of optical density at 450 nm for EBV IgG were observed in NPC patients compared to the healthy EBV carriers, but the large overlap limits its use for NPC diagnosis. Using either EBNA1 or VCA-p18 peptides alone IgA ELISA correctly identified 88.5% and 79.8% of Indonesian NPC patients, with specificities of 80.1% and 70.9%, whereas combined single-well coating with both peptides yielded sensitivity and specificity values of 90.1 and 85.4%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) for the combined EBNA1 plus VCA EBV IgA ELISA were 78.7% and 93.9%, respectively. In the Indonesia panel, the level of EBV IgA reactivity was not associated with NPC tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis stage, sex, and age group. In the China panel the sensitivity/specificity values were 86.2/92.0% (EBNA1 IgA) and 84.1/90.3% (VCA-p18 IgA) for single-peptide assays and 95.1/90.6% for the combined VCA plus EBNA1 IgA ELISA, with a PPV and an NPV for the combined EBV IgA ELISA of 95.6 and 89.3%, respectively. Virtually all NPC patients had abnormal anti-EBV IgG diversity patterns as determined by immunoblot analysis. On the other hand, healthy EBV carriers with positive EBV IgA ELISA result showed normal IgG diversity patterns. By using EBV IgG immunoblot diversity as confirmation assay for EBV IgA ELISA-positive samples, the sensitivity and specificity for NPC diagnosis increased to 98% and 99.2%, respectively, in the Indonesian NPC samples. The use of these combined methods for seroepidemiological screening studies is proposed.
Recent advances in quartz-enhanced gas-phase photoacoustic spectroscopy (2004)

Quartz crystal tuning forks were used as resonant microphones for photoacoustic gas sensing. This results in a novel technique for performing gas analysis of extremely small samples and sensor immunity to external acoustic noise.
A "Flying-Adder" frequency synthesis architecture of reducing VCO stages (2005)

The "Flying-Adder" architecture is a frequency and phase synthesis technique that is based on a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of multiple delay stages. Since the invention of this architecture, various improvements have been made during many implementations of this technique. One of the remaining issues is to reduce the number of delay stages inside the VCO for the benefit of low power consumption and easy design/layout implementation. This paper presents a modified version of the architecture, by utilizing the scalability presented by Xiu and You, 2002, to achieve this goal. The modified architecture can also be used to improve the number of synthesizable frequencies. The tradeoff for this architecture of reduced-delay-stage VCO is the circuit speed.
Solubility and diffusivity of hydrofluorocarbons in room‐temperature ionic liquids (2005)

Abstract Gaseous absorption measurements of hydrofluorocarbons (trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1‐trifluoroethane, and 1,1‐difluoroethane) in l‐ n ‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF 6 ]) and 1‐ n ‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF 4 ]) were performed using a gravimetric microbalance at various isothermal conditions (temperatures between 283.15 and 348.15 K) and at pressures < 2 MPa. This report shows for the first time the solubility and diffusivity data for the hydrofluorocarbons in room‐temperature ionic liquids and surprisingly large differences in the solubility among the hydrofluorocarbons. Experimental gas solubility data were successfully correlated with well‐known solution models (Margules, Wilson, and NRTL activity coefficient equations). Diffusivities obtained from the time‐dependent absorption data were well analyzed using a diffusivity model developed in this study. The present solubility and diffusivity data are also compared with those of CO 2 , studied in our previous study. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Intra-cavity Terahertz Difference-Frequency Generation in Quantum Cascade Lasers (2007)

We demonstrate intra-cavity terahertz difference-frequency generation in quantum cascade lasers. A two-wavelength quantum cascade laser with monolithically integrated optical nonlinearity emitting at 7.6 and 8.7 µm was used to generate difference frequency at 60 µm.
A/D conversion using an Asynchronous Delta-Sigma Modulator and a time-to-digital converter (2008)

An analog to digital conversion scheme based on an Asynchronous SigmaDelta Modulator is presented. It uses a Time-to-Digital converter to convert the continuous-time square wave signal produced by the Asynchronous SigmaDelta Modulator to a time-quantized digital signal. The original input signal is then recovered by applying a digital demodulation algorithm derived from general duty-cycle modulation theory. This technique shifts the complexity towards the digital domain and is therefore especially suited for ultra-low voltage technologies beyond 90 nm. Simulations show 13 bit accuracy for Bluetooth baseband 500 kHz with a first-order SigmaDelta modulator and a Time-to-Digital Converter with 10 ps resolution running at 12 MHz. Using a second-order feedback system to shape the quantization noise of the Time-to-Digital converter, the bandwidth can be increased to 12 MHz with 12 bit accuracy, suitable for video applications.
New fibrous phase of potassium titanate. (1979)

The new phase of potassium titanate was obtained by the water treatment of the blistered solids which were produced by the KDC process of reaction between titanium dioxide and potassium carbonate.The new phase of hydrous potassium titanate is expressed by the empirical formula of 2K2O⋅11TiO2⋅3H2O, and was dehydrated at 110°C and 130°C and decomposed to potassium hexatitanate and potassium oxide at 1100°C. The density of the new phase was measured to be 3.14g/cm3.
Macromol. Mater. Eng. 5/2010 (2010)

Cover: The cover shows a cartoon description and two examples of a fiber-welding process. Fibrous materials composed of cellulosic and protein polymers are transformed into extended hydrogen-bonded networks by a tunable process. Loose fibers are partially solublized by an ionic-liquid solvent and form a consolidated material upon removal of the solvent. Further details can be found in the article by L. M. Haverhals, W. M. Reichert, H. C. De Long, and P. C. Trulove* on page 425.
A versatile magnetic field gradient control system for NMR imaging (1981)

A device which generates and electronically manipulates the static and time-dependent magnetic field gradients necessary in NMR imaging experiments employing the projection reconstruction (zeugmatography), the sensitive line, and the sensitive point techniques is described. Selection of the imaging technique, the number of projections, and the image array size is provided by panel switches which also enable any projection, sensitive line or sensitive point to be arbitrarily chosen and examined. The device will function either independent of a conventional NMR Fourier transform spectrometer system when manual gradient scanning is employed, or synchronously with the spectrometer when gradients are scanned automatically. A gradient coil design and criteria for establishing the gradient amplitudes are discussed, and some NMR images which were generated with the system presented.
Daredevil (2014)

A variety of techniques have been used by prior work on the problem of smartphone location. In this paper, we propose a novel approach using sound source localization (SSL) with microphone arrays to determine where in a room a smartphone is located. In our system called Daredevil, smartphones emit sound at particular times and frequencies, which are received by microphone arrays. Using SSL that we modified for our purposes, we can calculate the angle between the center of each microphone array and the phone, and thereby triangulate the phone's position. In this early work, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and present initial results. Daredevil can locate smartphones in a room with an average precision of 3.19 feet. We identify a number of challenges in realizing the system in large deployments, and we hope this work will benefit researchers who pursue such techniques.
Multicast Routing and Wavelength Assignment in AWG-Based Clos Networks (2017)

In wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) switches, such as arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG)-based Clos networks, the supporting of multicast traffic must rise to the challenge of route and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem. In this paper, we study the non-blocking multicast RWA problem in two phases with respect to the cascaded combination of an AWG-based broadcast Clos network, called copy network, and a point-to-point AWG-based Clos network. In phase one, input requests generate broadcast trees in the copy network, and then point-to-point connections are established in the AWG-based Clos network in the second phase. The Clos-type AWG-based multicast networks can be constructed from modular AWGs of smaller sizes with the purpose of minimizing the number of wavelengths required and reducing the tuning range of the wavelength selective converters (WSCs). For solving the multicast RWA problem, we extend the rank-based routing algorithm for traditional space-division broadcast Clos networks such that broadcast trees can also be generated in the WDM copy network in a contention-free manner. However, due to wavelength routing properties of AWGs, the subset of requests input to each subnetwork in the middle stage may not satisfy the precondition of the rank-based RWA algorithm. Nevertheless, we prove that this problem can be solved by cyclically shifting the indices of wavelengths in each subnetwork, which provides the key to recursively route the multicast requests in a non-blocking and contention-free manner in the decomposed AWG-based broadcast Clos network. The time complexity of the proposed multicast RWA algorithm is comparable to that of an AWG-based unicast Clos network.
Printable and Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonant systems for wireless powering (2014)

In this paper, a printable compact Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (CSCMR) method for wireless powering is proposed. This new wireless power transfer method uses printed planar transmitter and receiver configurations on substrates to shrink the volume down to λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> /66. Also, self-resonant spirals, which do not need lumped capacitors to achieve resonance, are designed for our novel CSCMR systems. This simplifies the fabrication process of SCMR systems and repeatable designs can be easily achieved. The efficiency of our proposed methods is validated using measurements and simulations. Our proposed designs can be incorporated easily on PCBs and added onto modern handheld devices.
Evaluation of a New Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Porcine Antibodies against <i>Trichinella</i> Spp. (2009)

Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease that is caused by the nematode Trichinella spp. Both European Union regulations and guidelines from the World Organization for Animal Health foresee the possibility of conducting serological surveillance for Trichinella spp. A newly developed commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated against 2 existing diagnostic techniques: an in-house ELISA and an in-house Western blot. A total of 875 Trichinella larva-negative samples of pigs and 93 Trichinella larva-positive samples of both naturally and experimentally infected pigs were included in the study. Bayesian modeling techniques were used to correct for the absence of a perfect reference test. The sensitivity and specificity of the commercial ELISA was 97.1-97.8% and 99.5-99.8%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated high stability in the models. In a serological surveillance system, ELISA-positive samples should be tested by a confirmatory test. The Western blot is a suitable test for this purpose. With the use of the results of the models, the sensitivity and specificity of a test protocol in both ELISA and Western blot were 95.9% and 99.9%, respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity were achieved with a lower limit of detection than that of the routine artificial digestion test, suggesting that serological surveillance is a valuable alternative in surveillance for Trichinella spp. in pig production.