gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Responses and Barrier Function of Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2018)

Several studies have reported endothelial cell (EC) derivation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, few have explored their functional properties in depth with respect to line-to-line and batch-to-batch variability and how they relate to primary ECs. We therefore carried out accurate characterization of hiPSC-derived ECs (hiPSC-ECs) from multiple (non-integrating) hiPSC lines and compared them with primary ECs in various functional assays, which included barrier function using real-time impedance spectroscopy with an integrated assay of electric wound healing, endothelia-leukocyte interaction under physiological flow to mimic inflammation and angiogenic responses in in vitro and in vivo assays. Overall, we found many similarities but also some important differences between hiPSC-derived and primary ECs. Assessment of vasculogenic responses in vivo showed little difference between primary ECs and hiPSC-ECs with regard to functional blood vessel formation, which may be important in future regenerative medicine applications requiring vascularization.
High-sensitivity uncooled microcantilever infrared imaging arrays (2006)

The design and operation of an advanced bimorph microcantilever based infrared imaging detector are presented. This technology has the potential to achieve very high sensitivities due to its inherent high responsivity and low noise sensor and detection electronics. The sensor array is composed of bimaterial, thermally sensitive microcantilever structures that are the moving elements of variable plate capacitors. The heat sensing microcantilever structures are integrated with CMOS control and amplification electronics to produce a low cost imager that is compatible with standard silicon IC foundry processing and materials. The bimorph sensor structure is fabricated using low thermal expansion, high thermal isolation silicon oxide and oxynitride materials, and a high thermal expansion aluminum alloy bimetal. The microcantilever paddle is designed to move away from the substrate at elevated imaging temperatures, leading to large modeled sensor dynamic ranges (~16 bits). A temperature coefficient of capacitance, ▵C/C, (equivalent to TCR for microbolometers) above 30% has been modeled and measured for these structures, leading to modeled NEDT < 20 mK and thermal time constants in the 5-10 msec range giving a figure-of-merit [1] NEDT.Tau = 100-200 mK.msec. The development efforts to date have focused on the fabrication of 160x120 pixel arrays with 50 micron pitch pixels. Results from detailed thermo-electro-opto-mechanical modeling of the operation of these sensors are compared with experimental measurements from various test and integrated sensor structures and arrays.
Metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible ultra-long-range surface plasmon modes (2008)

Long-range surface plasmons traveling on thin metal films have demonstrated promising potential in subwavelength waveguide applications. In work toward device applications that can leverage existing silicon microelectronics technology, it is of interest to explore the propagation of surface plasmons in a metal-oxide-semiconductor geometry. In such a structure, there is a high refractive index contrast between the semiconductor (n≈3.5 for silicon) and the insulating oxide (typically n≈1.5−2.5). However, the introduction of dielectrics with disparate refractive indices is known to strongly affect the guiding properties of surface plasmons. In this paper, we analyze the implications of high index contrast in 1D layered surface plasmon structures. We show that it is possible to introduce a thin dielectric layer with a low refractive index positioned next to the metal without adversely affecting the guiding quality. In fact, such a configuration can dramatically increase the propagation length of the conventional long-range mode. While this study is directed at silicon-compatible waveguides working at telecommunications wavelengths, this configuration has general implications for surface plasmon structure design using other materials and operating at alternative wavelengths.
Nanosecond liquid crystalline technologies for high speed optical communications: electro-optic switching through nanosecond electric modification of order parameter (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate nanosecond electric modification of the order parameter (NEMOP). Nanosecond electro-optic switching is equally fast for both filed-on and field-off driving what allows using liquid crystals for high speed optical communication devices.
HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Signatures and Application to Epitope-Targeted Vaccine Design (2019)

Eliciting HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) remains a challenge for vaccine development, and the potential of passively delivered bNAbs for prophylaxis and therapeutics is being explored. We used neutralization data from four large virus panels to comprehensively map viral signatures associated with bNAb sensitivity, including amino acids, hypervariable region characteristics, and clade effects across four different classes of bNAbs. The bNAb signatures defined for the variable loop 2 (V2) epitope region of HIV-1 Env were then employed to inform immunogen design in a proof-of-concept exploration of signature-based epitope targeted (SET) vaccines. V2 bNAb signature-guided mutations were introduced into Env 459C to create a trivalent vaccine, and immunization of guinea pigs with V2-SET vaccines resulted in increased breadth of NAb responses compared with Env 459C alone. These data demonstrate that bNAb signatures can be utilized to engineer HIV-1 Env vaccine immunogens capable of eliciting antibody responses with greater neutralization breadth.
Dynamic optical coherence tomography measurements of elastic wave propagation in tissue-mimicking phantoms and mouse cornea<i>in vivo</i> (2013)

We demonstrate the use of phase-stabilized swept-source optical coherence tomography to assess the propagation of low-amplitude (micron-level) waves induced by a focused air-pulse system in tissue-mimicking phantoms, a contact lens, a silicone eye model, and the mouse cornea in vivo. The results show that the wave velocity can be quantified from the analysis of wave propagation, thereby enabling the estimation of the sample elasticity using the model of surface wave propagation for the tissue-mimicking phantoms. This noninvasive, noncontact measurement technique involves low-force methods of tissue excitation that can be potentially used to assess the biomechanical properties of ocular and other delicate tissues in vivo.
The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Enhances the Immune Responses to the RSV F Protein in an Enveloped Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate (2023)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a serious human respiratory pathogen, but no RSV vaccine has been licensed. Many vaccine candidates are focused on the viral F protein since the F protein is more conserved than the viral G protein across RSV strains and serotypes; thus, the F protein is thought more likely to induce a broader range of protection from infection. However, it is the G protein that binds the likely receptor, CX3CR1, in lung ciliated epithelial cells, raising the question of the importance of the G protein in vaccine candidates. Using virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates, we have directly compared VLPs containing only the prefusion F protein (pre-F), only the G protein, or both glycoproteins. We report that VLPs containing both glycoproteins bind to anti-F-protein-specific monoclonal antibodies differently than do VLPs containing only the prefusion F protein. In RSV-naive cotton rats, VLPs assembled with only the pre-F protein stimulated extremely weak neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers, as did VLPs assembled with G protein. However, VLPs assembled with both glycoproteins stimulated quite robust neutralizing antibody titers, induced improved protection of the animals from RSV challenge compared to pre-F VLPs, and induced significantly higher levels of antibodies specific for F protein antigenic site 0, site III, and the AM14 binding site than did VLPs containing only the pre-F protein. These results indicate that assembly of pre-F protein with G protein in VLPs further stabilized the prefusion conformation or otherwise altered the conformation of the F protein, increasing the induction of protective antibodies. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) results in significant disease in infants, young children, and the elderly. Thus, development of an effective vaccine for these populations is a priority. Most ongoing efforts in RSV vaccine development have focused on the viral fusion (F) protein; however, the importance of the inclusion of G in vaccine candidates is unclear. Here, using virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled with only the F protein, only the G protein, or both glycoproteins, we show that VLPs assembled with both glycoproteins are a far superior vaccine in a cotton rat model compared with VLPs containing only F protein or only G protein. The results show that the presence of G protein in the VLPs influences the conformation of the F protein and the immune responses to F protein, resulting in significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers and better protection from RSV challenge. These results suggest that inclusion of G protein in a vaccine candidate may improve its effectiveness.
Self-Controlled Writing and Erasing in a Memristor Crossbar Memory (2011)

The memristor device technology has created waves in the research community and led to the consideration of using the device in multiple avenues. The most likely candidate for early adoption is the nonvolatile memory due to the small cell size (increased scaling potential), increased density as compared to flash, and ability to stack these devices in a crossbar structure. This paper analyzes the feasibility of a memristor memory and introduces an adaptive read, write, and erase method that may be used to realize a more resilient memory system in the face of low yield in the nanotechnology regime. The proposed method is evaluated in simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) and a hand analysis model is extracted to help explain the sources of power and energy consumption. Finally, the power metrics are compared to flash memory technology, and the memristor memory is shown to have an energy per bit consumption about one-tenth that of flash when programming, comparable to flash when erasing, and about one-fourth of flash when reading.
Advances in Cardiac Pacing: Beyond the Transvenous Right Ventricular Apical Lead (2010)

While for decades right ventricular (RV) apical pacing has been the standard of care for patients requiring pacemaker or defibrillator lead placement, investigators have sought alternatives to achieve more physiologic electrical activation of the heart and reduce long-term pathologic effects of nonphysiologic apical pacing. These investigations have included attempts at identifying superior pacing sites within the right atrium and RV and development of new leads to enhance specificity of sensing and capture. This review focuses on recent advances in alternative sites for pacing and developments in novel pacing technology ranging from intramyocardial electrodes to leadless pacemakers. First, there have been several studies demonstrating potential benefits of site-specific pacing, including His bundle pacing and RV outflow tract pacing in potentially attenuating electromechanical dyssynchrony and long-term functional decline seen with RV apical pacing. Available options for lead placement have been enhanced by development of intramyocardial electrodes that may significantly reduce far-field oversensing and nonchamber specific capture. With development of intramyocardial electrodes, the potential for atrioventricular septal pacing has recently been described, making synchronous activation of both ventricles with a one-lead system possible without crossing the tricuspid valve and offering an alternative to modern cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Finally, recent advances in leadless pacemaker systems using ultrasound or magnetic fields are briefly discussed. The results of these studies suggest that there may be options to the RV apex, made possible by novel lead and pacemaker technology. These advances can potentially aid in reducing long-term negative effects of chronic pacemaker therapy.
Stage‐specific detection of mRNA for the sperm antigen SP‐10 in human testes (1993)

SP-10 is a sperm-specific, intra-acrosomal protein that is considered to be a vaccine candidate for immunocontraception. In the present study, in situ hybridization with biotin and 35S labeled riboprobes was used to determine the pattern of SP-10 mRNA expression in human testes. Both methods demonstrated SP-10 mRNA primarily in round spermatids found in stages I, II, and III of the seminiferous cycle. Morphometric analysis of silver grains with the 35S-labeled probe showed less SP-10 mRNA in spermatids at stages IV, V, and VI than in previous stages, and rarely was label found in spermatogonia or spermatocytes. The expression of SP-10 mRNA first appeared at stage I coincident with the appearance of the protein, which was shown previously to persist in the acrosomal matrix throughout spermiogenesis. The decrease in SP-10 mRNA occurred when spermatids underwent polarization, nuclear condensation, and elongation. The appearance of SP-10 mRNA in round spermatids suggests that increases in SP-10 transcription or SP-10 mRNA stability or both occur as spermatids develop from the Golgi phase to the cap phase. The subsequent decline of SP-10 mRNA, despite the persistence of the SP-10 protein in all spermatids, suggests that a decrease in SP-10 transcription or an increase in mRNA degradation occurs when spermatids elongate.
New Approach to Predict the Quality of Service of Vehicle-Based GPS System in Mobile Environment (2009)

This paper reports a novel approach to simulate on-vehicle GPS system performance which offers a fast estimate of quality of service (QoS) in realistic vehicle operation environments. The GPS simulator, which was developed based on the proposed approach, is a dynamic RF link budget calculator that calculates the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the GPS receiver in a vehicle with each GPS satellite vehicle (SV) in view at a given time. Monte Carlo method was applied to the RF link budget calculation process to account for the random nature of the vehicle dynamics and the broad range of vehicle operation environments. Performance of the GPS simulator was validated against that of the commercial hardware based GPS simulator.
Dendrimers and other dendritic polymers (2001)

Contibutors. Series Preface. A Brief Historical Perspective (D.A. Tomalia naad J.M.J. Frecht) B>I Introduction and Progress in the Control of Macromolecular Architecture Introduction to the Dendritic State (D.A. Tomalia and J.M. Frechet) Structure Control of Linear Macromolecules (C.J. Hawker) Progress in the Branched Architectural State (J. Roovers) Developments in the Accelerated Convergent Synthesis of Dendrimers (A.W. Freeman and J.M.J. Frechet) Formation, Structure and Properties of the Crosslinked State Relative to Precursor Architecture (K. Dusek and M. Duskova--Smrckova) Regioselectively--Crosslinked Nanostructures (C.G. Clark Jr and K. L. Wooley) Hybridization of Architectural States: Dendritic--linear Copolymer Hybrids (P.R.L. Malenfant and J.M.J. Frechet) Statistically Branched Dendritic Polymers (E. Malmstrom and A. Hult) Semi--Controlled Dendritic Structure Synthesis (R.A. Kee et al) II Characterization of Dendritic Polymers Gel Electrophoretic Characterization of Dendritic Polymers (C. Zhang and D.A. Tomalia) Characterization of Dendritically Branched Polymers by Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Small Angle X--ray Scattering (SAXS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (B.J. Bauer and E.J. Amis) Atomic Force Microscopy for the Characterization of Dendritic Polymers and Assemblies (J. Li and D.A. Tomalia) Characterization of Dendrimer Structures by Spectroscopic Techniques (N.J. Turro et al) Rheology and Solution Properties of Dendrimers (P. Dvornic and S. Uppuluri) III Properties and Applications of Dendritic Polymers Dendritic and Hyperbranched Glycoconjugates as Biomedical Anti--Adhesion Agents (R. Roy) Some Unique Features of Dendrimers based upon Self--assembly and Host--Guest Properties (J. Weener et al) Dendritic Polymers: Optical and Photchemical Properties (D.L. Jiang and T Aida) Bioapplications of PAMAM Dendrimers (J.D. Eichman et al) Dendrimer--Based Biological Reagents: Preparation And Applications in Diagnostics (P. Singh) Dendritic Polymer Applications: Catalysts (A.W. Kleij et al ) Optical Effects Manifested by PAMAM Dendrimer Metal Nano--Composites (T. Goodson III) Dendrimers in Nanobiological Devices (S.C. Lee) Antibodies to PAMAM dendrimers: Reagents for immune detection, patterning and assembly of Dendrimers (S.C. Lee et al) IV Laboratory Preparation of Dendrimers and Conclusion Preparation of a Frechet--typea Polyether Dendrons and Aliphatic Polyester Dendrimers by Convergent Growth: an experimental primer (J.M.J. Frechet et al) Laboratory Synthesis of Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Dendrimers (R. Esfand and D.A. Tomalia) Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Propylene imine) Dendrimers (M.H.P. van Genderen et al) Laboratory Synthesis and Characterization of Megamers: Core--shell Tecto(dendrimers) (D.A. Tomalia) Conclusion/Outlook -- Toward Higher Macromolecular Complexity in the Twenty--first Century (D.A. Tomalia and J.M.J. Frechet) Index
Recognizing iris texture by phase demodulation (1994)

A method for rapid visual recognition of personal identity is described, based on the failure of a statistical test of independence. The most unique phenotypic feature visible in a person's face is the detailed texture of each eye's iris: an estimate of its statistical complexity in a sample of the human population reveals variation corresponding to several hundred independent degrees-of-freedom. Morphogenetic randomness in the texture expressed phenotypically in the iris trabecular meshwork ensures that a test of statistical independence on two coded patterns originating from different eyes is passed almost certainly, whereas the same test is failed almost certainly when the compared codes originate from the same eye. >
Novel Drosophila receptor that binds multiple growth factors (1986)

The authors have recently reported the identification of a novel growth factor receptor from Drosophila cell cultures that has dual binding specificity for both insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF). This 100 kDa protein is also antigenically related to the cytoplasmic region of the mammalian EGF receptor-tyrosine kinase. They now report that this protein binds to mammalian nerve growth factor and human transforming growth factor alpha as well as insulin and EGF with apparent dissociation constants ranging from 10/sup -6/ to 10/sup -8/ M. The 100 kDa protein can be affinity-labeled with these /sup 125/I-labeled growth factors after immunoprecipitation with anti-EGF receptor antiserum. These four growth factors appear to share a common binding site, as evidenced by their ability to block affinity labelling by /sup 125/I-insulin. No significant binding to the 100 kDa protein was observed with platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, or glucagon. The 100 kDa Drosophila protein has a unique ligand-binding spectrum with no direct counterpart in mammalian cells and may represent an evolutionary precursor of the mammalian receptors for these growth factors.
CD4+CD25− T Cells Transduced to Express MHC Class I-Restricted Epitope-Specific TCR Synthesize Th1 Cytokines and Exhibit MHC Class I-Restricted Cytolytic Effector Function in a Human Melanoma Model (2008)

Cytolytic T cell-centric active specific and adoptive immunotherapeutic approaches might benefit from the simultaneous engagement of CD4(+) T cells. Considering the difficulties in simultaneously engaging CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in tumor immunotherapy, especially in an Ag-specific manner, redirecting CD4(+) T cells to MHC class I-restricted epitopes through engineered expression of MHC class I-restricted epitope-specific TCRs in CD4(+) T cells has emerged as a strategic consideration. Such TCR-engineered CD4(+) T cells have been shown to be capable of synthesizing cytokines as well as lysing target cells. We have conducted a critical examination of functional characteristics of CD4(+) T cells engineered to express the alpha- and beta-chains of a high functional avidity TCR specific for the melanoma epitope, MART-1(27-35), as a prototypic human tumor Ag system. We found that unpolarized CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells engineered to express the MART-1(27-35) TCR selectively synthesize Th1 cytokines and exhibit a potent Ag-specific lytic granule exocytosis-mediated cytolytic effector function of comparable efficacy to that of CD8(+) CTL. Such TCR engineered CD4(+) T cells, therefore, might be useful in clinical immunotherapy.
Optimization of sensitivity, dose and spatial resolution in edge illumination X-ray phase-contrast imaging (2014)

Edge illumination (EI) X-ray phase-contrast imaging has great potential for applications in a wide range of research, industrial and clinical fields. The optimization of the EI experimental setup for a given application is therefore essential, in order to take full advantage of the capabilities of the technique. In this work, we analyze the dependence of the angular sensitivity, spatial resolution and dose delivered to the sample upon the various experimental parameters, and describe possible strategies to optimize them. The obtained results will be important for the design of future EI experimental setups, in particular enabling their tailoring to specific applications.
Ion Mass/Velocity/Charge Spectrometer (1983)

Ion spectrometer distributes ions two-dimensionally and measures three characteristics of incident-ion beam: (1) mass/charge distribution, (2) ion velocity distribution, and (3) direction of incidence. Also useful for diagnosis in experimental plasma physics in collisionless regime. Ion spectrometer uses novel combination of standard electrostatic and magnetic deflection techniques to sort incident ions according to speed, diretion of incidence, and mass/ charge ratio.
Towards combining nonlinear and predictive control of diesel engines (2013)

The paper presents the results of a model predictive controller development for diesel engine air path control. The objective is to regulate the intake manifold pressure (MAP) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate estimate to the specified set-points by coordinated control of the Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT), EGR valve, and EGR throttle. The approach combines elements of nonlinear control (partial nonlinear inversion) and explicit Model Predictive Control (MPC) based on reduced order linear models. The application of nonlinear control renders the model “more linear”, which facilitates the application of predictive control and is shown to reduce the computational complexity. For example, after the nonlinear inversion, the DC gain reversal that is known to complicate the development of effective feedback controllers in diesel engines disappears. The number of controller zones that cover the engine operating region is reduced. The ability of the controller to handle input constraints and intake manifold pressure constraints while following the specified set-points is demonstrated and validated using nonlinear model simulations. Preliminary experimental results are reported.
Editorial: Liposomes, A Tale of Drug Targeting (1993)

(1993). Editorial: Liposomes, A Tale of Drug Targeting. Journal of Drug Targeting: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 3-6.