gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Load Value Prediction Using Multiple Predictors and Filters (2019)

Value prediction [1], [2] has the potential to break through the performance limitations imposed by true data dependencies. Aggressive value predictors can deliver significant performance improvements, but usually require large hardware budgets. While predicting values of all instruction types is possible, prior work has shown that predicting just load values is most effective with a modest hardware budget (e.g., 8KB of prediction state [3], [4]). However, with hardware budget constraints and high prediction accuracy requirements (99%), prior work has struggled to increase the fraction of predicted loads (coverage) beyond the low 30s. In this paper, we analyzed four state-of-the-art load value predictors, and found that they complement each other. Based on that finding, we evaluated a new composite predictor that combines all four component predictors. Our results show that the composite predictor, combined with several optimizations we proposed, improve the benefit of load value prediction by 54%-74% depending on the total predictor budget. Moreover, our composite predictor delivers more than twice the coverage of first championship value prediction winner predictor (EVES [4]), and substantially increases the delivered speedup by more than 50%.
Development of planar waveguide based integrated optic SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) sensor array (2007)

An integrated optic SPR biosensor array with on-substrate integrated photodetectors has been developed. The device is able to generate SPR electrical signal directly and has the potential for high throughput optical sensing.
Characterization of the Transcription Unit of Mouse Kv1.4, a Voltage-gated Potassium Channel Gene (1996)

The mouse voltage-gated K+ channel gene, Kv1.4, is expressed in brain and heart as approximately 4.5- and approximately 3.5-kilobase (kb) transcripts. Both mRNAs begin at a common site 1338 bp upstream of the initiation codon, contain 3477 and 4411 nucleotides, respectively, and are encoded by two exons; exon 1 contains 0.5 kb of the 5'-noncoding region (NCR), while exon 2 encodes the remaining 0.8 kb of the 5'-NCR, the entire coding region (2 kb), and all of the 3'-NCR. The 3.5-kb transcript terminates at a polyadenylation signal 177 bp 3' of the stop codon, while the 4.5-kb mRNA utilizes a signal 94 bp farther downstream. Although the proteins generated from either transcript are identical, the two mRNAs are functionally different, the 3.5-kb transcript producing approximately 4-5-fold larger currents when expressed in Xenopus oocytes compared to the 4. 5-kb mRNA. The decreased expression of the longer transcript is due to the presence of five ATTTA repeats in the 3'-NCR which inhibit translation; such motifs have also been reported to destabilize the messages of many other genes and might therefore shorten the life of the 4.5-kb transcript during its natural expression. The Kv1.4 basal promoter is GC-rich, contains three SP1 repeats (CCGCCC, -65 to -35), lacks canonical TATAAA and GGCAATCT motifs, and has no apparent tissue specificity. One region enhances activity of this promoter. Thus, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of mKv1.4, coupled with selective usage of the two alternate Kv1.4 mRNAs, may modulate the levels of functional Kv1.4 channels.
Magnetic and structural properties of<i>L</i>1<sub>1</sub>type CoPt-C ordered alloy perpendicular films as a function of C content (2010)

Magnetic and structural properties of L11 type (Co0.5Pt0.5)100-X-CX ordered alloy perpendicular films, fabricated on 2.5 inch size glass disks by sputter deposition, were examined as a function of C content, X. L11 type Co0.5Pt0.5-C polycrystalline films (10 nm thickness), with <111> axis (the easy axis) perpendicular to the film plane, were successfully fabricated even for a 30 vol% C content. Structural analysis indicated the segregation of C to the grain boundaries. Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, Ku, of Co0.5Pt0.5 films without C addition was relatively low, about 1.5x107 erg/cm3 under the present deposition conditions. However, the addition of 5 vol.% C to Co-Pt films enhanced the ordering, resulting in an increase in Ku to around 2.5 x107 erg/cm3. A further increase in C content reduced Ku; however, Ku maintained a relatively large value of about 1.8x107 erg/cm3 even for a 20vol% C content, without degrading the easy axis orientation perpendicular to the film plane. Experimental results demonstrated the potential of the L11 type Co0.5Pt0.5-C films for use in granular media applications, due to their very high Ku, the relatively low fabrication temperature, and good controllability of the grain orientation.
LED to LEC Transition Behavior in Polymer Light‐Emitting Devices (2008)

DOI: 10.1002/adma.200702325 Figure 2 of this article is incorrect. The corrected figure appears below:
Primitive-based 3D Building Modeling, Sensor Simulation, and Estimation (2019)

As we begin to consider modeling large, realistic 3D building scenes, it becomes necessary to consider a more compact representation over the polygonal mesh model. Due to the large amounts of annotated training data, which is costly to obtain, we leverage synthetic data to train our system for the satellite image domain. By utilizing the synthetic data, we formulate the building decomposition as an application of instance segmentation and primitive fitting to decompose a building into a set of primitive shapes. Experimental results on WorldView-3 satellite image dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our 3D building modeling approach.
Preparation of functionalized polycarbonates via ring‐opening polymerization of diverse mixed oligomeric cyclic carbonates (1991)

Abstract The preparation and polymerization of a variety of cyclic oligomeric carbonates containing diverse functionality is described. The preparation of bisphenols containing ether, amide, ester, urethane, etherketone, or ethersulfone functionalities is described. The functionalized bisphenols were converted to dichloroformates via phosgenation, and were subjected to cyclization reactions, forming cyclic oligomeric carbonates containing various functionality. Anionic, ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic oligomers leads to high molecular weight polymers containing carbonate and other functionality. Depending on the nature of the functionalized bisphenol starting material, the product polymers may be alternating, block, or random copolymers.
<title>One-step lithography for mass production of multilevel diffractive optical elements using high-energy beam sensitive (HEBS) gray-level mask</title> (1996)

Micro-optics such as diffractive optics and computer generated holograms are essential components for modern optical design. To reduce their unit fabrication cost we describe a method of reproducing micro-optics in quantities. A true gray-level mask was fabricated in High Energy Beam Sensitive (HEBS)-Glass by means of a single e-beam direct write step. This gray-level mask was used in a optical contact aligner to print a multilevel Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) in a single optical exposure. A chemically assisted ion beam etching process has been used to transfer the DOE structure from the resist into the substrate.
Solid-state Raman lasers (2006)

Crystalline solid-state Raman lasers offer practical and efficient frequency conversion from existing (pulsed) solid-state laser sources which, in combination with SFG, provides for wavelength selection from near-ir to visible and uv at multiwatt average powers.
Werkwijze voor het bepalen van de respiratiesnelheid van respirerend materiaal in een continue processtroom & voor dergelijke toepassing geschikte inrichting. (1986)

Method and device for determining the respiration rate of a respiring material such as active sludge in a continuous process flow before and after holding thereof in a respiration chamber. The oxygen content in the continuous process current is done at a single measurement point. This is done by reversing the incoming and outgoing current of the respiration chamber. Preferably the process flow consists of a mixture of respiring material and waste water to be biologically purified
Real-time pattern matching using projection kernels (2005)

A novel approach to pattern matching is presented in which time complexity is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to traditional approaches. The suggested approach uses an efficient projection scheme which bounds the distance between a pattern and an image window using very few operations on average. The projection framework is combined with a rejection scheme which allows rapid rejection of image windows that are distant from the pattern. Experiments show that the approach is effective even under very noisy conditions. The approach described here can also be used in classification schemes where the projection values serve as input features that are informative and fast to extract.
Integrated, all-optical, particle characterization and sorting in microfluidic systems (2007)

We demonstrate an integrated, microfluidic, all-optical characterization and sorting system. The integrated optical system is created by femtosecond micromachining, and the particle manipulation is performed with a novel optical trapping system.
Development of an airborne wind measurement system (2009)

Accidents to airliners caused by air turbulence have been increasing in recent years. At present there is no sure way of avoiding encounters with clear air turbulence (CAT) because conventional airborne weather radars cannot detect turbulence in clear conditions. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is therefore developing a Doppler LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) which can measure wind speeds ahead of an aircraft even in clear air. Turbulence prediction in flight has already been demonstrated using experimental Doppler LIDARs, and the latest prototype aims at turbulence detection up to 5 nautical miles (9 km) ahead at jet airliner cruising altitudes. Wind velocity measurement by LIDAR is difficult at high altitude because of low aerosol particle density. Regular atmospheric observation flights are therefore being made to establish the basic specifications of a practical device. Furthermore, since air turbulence information should be displayed on the flight deck, a graphical turbulence display is also being studied. This paper describes the development of the airborne wind measurement system and presents examples of flight experiment results.
Integral Imaging With Full Parallax Based on Mini LED Display Unit (2019)

Integral imaging has been considered as the most applicable technology of true 3D display in the near future. In this paper, we propose the method to achieve full parallax and large-screen integral imaging display based on mini LED. Compared to the existing integral imaging systems based on the LED, the proposed method can present both horizontal and vertical parallaxes. We explore the optical parameter matching method between mini LED display unit and lenslet unit and design three different shapes of lenslet arrays. The imaging performance of lenslet arrays of circular-shape, square-shape, and hexagonal-shape is analyzed. The method of window interception is proposed to generate elemental images for the lenslet arrays with different apertures and arranging structures. The experimental results show that the true 3D display with full parallax and screen scalability has been realized using the proposed method and the display effect of lenslet array with hexagonal-shape is the best according to the evaluation of both subjective and objective merits.
Stopping a Phishing Attack, Even when the Victims Ignore Warnings (2005)

Several factors make phishing a very challenging security problem. First, the victim unknowingly assists the attacker, by typing her credentials into a spoofed web site. Second, it is hard to identify web sites as suspicious using a fixed algorithm: phishers adapt quickly, and it is difficult to anticipate the ingenuity of all future attackers with a fixed set of rules. Third, users tend to ignore popups or security warnings: a good detection system doesn’t help if users “drive past ” the alerts. The scheme we propose overcomes these difficulties. We assume that victims will type their passwords at insecure sites, we assume that phishers will adapt, and we assume that many or most victims will ignore all the warnings we give. And yet, we save substantially all users. The scheme is very simple, and consists of a client browser plug-in and a server component. The client detects when passwords are re-used at unfamiliar sites, and reports this fact to the server. Only when several clients report suspicious re-use events against a target/phisher pair of sites does the phisher get added to a Unique Password Required list. Our scheme does not assume that users have different passwords for different sites: we expect that they recycle a small number of passwords for all their accounts. Our scheme has no blacklist: no user is ever blocked from navigating to a site. We do have a Unique Password Required list, but the consequences of getting on this list are mild. Even if perfectly innocent sites end up on this list, nobody is prevented from logging into a pre-existing account. The harshest consequence of being mistakenly suspected is that those setting up new accounts will be forced to choose unique passwords. Finally, even users who typed their password at a phishing site before it was suspected can be saved: the credentials of all compromised accounts are sent to the site under attack. 1.
SoC — A real challenge for ESD protection? (2005)

We are facing the task to provide ESD protection concepts for complex system on chip (SoC) solutions including RF components, high voltage circuits and mixed signal functionality. Critical issues like protection of sensitive interfaces between supply domains, ESD master bus, system level ESD/EOS requirements and test methodology, are reviewed. Concepts are presented for a SoC and a system-in-package product in a 0.13 mum CMOS process.
Higher-order Network Representation Learning (2018)

This paper describes a general framework for learning Higher-Order Network Embeddings (HONE) from graph data based on network motifs. The HONE framework is highly expressive and flexible with many interchangeable components. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of learning higher-order network representations. In all cases, HONE outperforms recent embedding methods that are unable to capture higher-order structures with a mean relative gain in AUC of 19% (and up to 75% gain) across a wide variety of networks and embedding methods.
Electrochromism of Anodic Iridium Oxide Films: III . Anion Mechanism (1980)

We examine the electrochromic effect of anodic iridium oxide films (AIROF's) in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. All experimental data in aqueous electrolytes are consistent with the hypothesis that electrochromism in AIROF's can occur via hydroxide ions, without insertion‐extraction of protons from the electrolyte. We also report new experiments in which electrochromism of AIROF's takes place by insertion‐extraction of anions (OH−, F−, CN−) from nonaqueous electrolytes.
Global-Locally Self-Attentive Dialogue State Tracker (2018)

Dialogue state tracking, which estimates user goals and requests given the dialogue context, is an essential part of task-oriented dialogue systems. In this paper, we propose the Global-Locally Self-Attentive Dialogue State Tracker (GLAD), which learns representations of the user utterance and previous system actions with global-local modules. Our model uses global modules to share parameters between estimators for different types (called slots) of dialogue states, and uses local modules to learn slot-specific features. We show that this significantly improves tracking of rare states and achieves state-of-the-art performance on the WoZ and DSTC2 state tracking tasks. GLAD obtains 88.1% joint goal accuracy and 97.1% request accuracy on WoZ, outperforming prior work by 3.7% and 5.5%. On DSTC2, our model obtains 74.5% joint goal accuracy and 97.5% request accuracy, outperforming prior work by 1.1% and 1.0%.
Powder metallurgy fabrication of palladium contact alloys (1988)

The authors have combined some novel processing approaches to synthesize a high-performance material using powder metallurgy. A basic Pd-Ag-Cu composition was modified with metalloid additions to attain a fine grain size in combination with rapid solidification techniques. The internal grain structure was ideal for supersolidus sintering, having a dendritic arm spacing on the order of 1 mu m. The result is a fully dense alloy with attractive properties for electrical contact applications, including good conductivity, strength, wear, and corrosion resistance, comparable to or better than traditionally formed palladium-gold-silver-copper alloys. The addition of metalloids to the basic ternary system optimizes properties such as hardness and aids sinterability; yet the alloy can be fabricated without additional expense.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monoclonal Antibodies as an Antibacterial Approach Against Bacterial Pathogens (2020)

In the beginning of the 21st century, the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has reached an apex, where even 4th and 5th generation antibiotics are becoming useless in clinical settings. In turn, patients are suffering from once-curable infections, with increases in morbidity and mortality. The root cause of many of these infections are the ESKAPEE pathogens (<i>Enterococcus</i> species, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i> species, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>), which thrive in the nosocomial environment and are the bacterial species that have seen the largest rise in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. While traditional small-molecule development still dominates the antibacterial landscape for solutions to AMR, some researchers are now turning to biological approaches as potential game changers. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)-more specifically, human monoclonal antibodies (Hu-mAbs)-have been highly pursued in the anti-cancer, autoimmune, and antiviral fields with many success stories, but antibody development for bacterial infection is still just scratching the surface. The untapped potential for Hu-mAbs to be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment for bacterial infection is exciting, as these biologics do not have the same toxicity hurdles of small molecules, could have less resistance as they often target virulence proteins rather than proteins required for survival, and are narrow spectrum (targeting just one pathogenic species), therefore avoiding the disruption of the microbiome. This mini-review will highlight the current antibacterial mAbs approved for patient use, the success stories for mAb development, and new Hu-mAb products in the antibacterial pipeline.
A palm-size μNMR relaxometer using a digital microfluidic device and a semiconductor transceiver for chemical/biological diagnosis (2015)

Herein, we describe a micro-nuclear magnetic resonance (μNMR) relaxometer miniaturized to palm-size and electronically automated for multi-step and multi-sample chemical/biological diagnosis. The co-integration of microfluidic and microelectronic technologies enables an association between the droplet managements and μNMR assays inside a portable sub-Tesla magnet (1.2 kg, 0.46 Tesla). Targets in unprocessed biological samples, captured by specific probe-decorated magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), can be sequentially quantified by their spin-spin relaxation time (T2) via multiplexed μNMR screening. Distinct droplet samples are operated by a digital microfluidic device that electronically manages the electrowetting-on-dielectric effects over an electrode array. Each electrode (3.5 × 3.5 mm(2)) is scanned with capacitive sensing to locate the distinct droplet samples in real time. A cross-domain-optimized butterfly-coil-input semiconductor transceiver transduces between magnetic and electrical signals to/from a sub-10 μL droplet sample for high-sensitivity μNMR screening. A temperature logger senses the ambient temperature (0 to 40 °C) and a backend processor calibrates the working frequency for the transmitter to precisely excite the protons. In our experiments, the μNMR relaxometer quantifies avidin using biotinylated Iron NPs (Φ: 30 nm, [Fe]: 0.5 mM) with a sensitivity of 0.2 μM. Auto-handling and identification of two targets (avidin and water) are demonstrated and completed within 2.2 min. This μNMR relaxometer holds promise for combinatorial chemical/biological diagnostic protocols using closed-loop electronic automation.
Cassava Starch Pearls as a Desiccant for Drying Ethanol (2011)

The fuel ethanol industry uses corn grits packed in fixed bed adsorption towers to dry hydrous ethanol vapors in an energy efficient manner. Spherical micropearl cassava starch exhibit a higher adsorption capacity than corn grits of the same size and may be a viable replacement for ground corn. Adsorption equilibrium curves, BET surface area measurements, and SEM images provide an explanation for the enhanced performance of cassava micropearls based on particle architecture and the surface area available to water molecules. The SEM images show that the micropearls form a core–shell structure with pregel starch acting as the scaffold that holds starch granules in an outer layer. This layer determines the BET surface area and the measured equilibrium adsorption capacity. The core–shell microstructure results in a shortened diffusion path-length and enhanced adsorption rates. These microstructural and operational characteristics provide a template for microfabrication of enhanced capacity starch based spherical adsorbents that could replace ground corn for the drying of ethanol.
Transglutaminase Inhibition by 2-[(2-Oxopropyl)thio]imidazolium Derivatives: Mechanism of Factor XIIIa Inactivation (1994)

The physiologic role of several transglutaminases could be more precisely defined with the development of specific inhibitors for these enzymes. In addition, specific plasma transglutaminase (fXIIIa) inhibitors may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of thrombosis. For these purposes, the inactivation of fXIIIa and human erythrocyte transglutaminase (HET) by 2-[(2-oxopropyl)thio]imidazolium derivatives, which comprise a novel class of transglutaminase inactivators, was studied. As a specific example, 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-[(2-oxopropyl)thio]imidazolium chloride (III) inactivated fXIIIa with an apparent second-order rate constant (specificity constant of inactivation) of 6.3 x 10(4) M-1 s-1, corresponding to a rate 4 x 10(7) times greater than its reaction rate with glutathione (GSH). The mechanism of fXIIIa inactivation by this class of compounds was investigated utilizing two [14C]-isotopic regioisomers of 1,3-dimethyl-2-[(2-oxopropyl)thio]imidazolium iodide (II). Structural analyses demonstrated that acetonylation of the active site cysteinyl residue of fXIIIa occurred along with the stoichiometric release of the complementary fragment of the inactivator as the corresponding thione. Kinetic analysis of the inactivation of fXIIIa by nonquarternary analogs of II and III indicated the formation of a reversible complex between the inactivator and fXIIIa prior to irreversible modification of the enzyme. At 1 mM, III displayed no detectable levels of inhibition or inactivation with several serine proteases and thiol reagent-sensitive enzymes. 2-[(2-Oxopropyl)thio]imidazolium derivatives and the related molecule 2-(1-acetonylthio)-5-methylthiazolo-[2,3]-1,3,4-thiadiazo lium perchlorate (I), when present at the time of clot formation at 1-10 microM, enhanced the rates of tissue plasminogen activator catalyzed clot lysis in vitro. These inactivators prevented the fXIIIa-catalyzed covalent incorporation of alpha 2-antiplasmin into the alpha chain of fibrin and the formation of high molecular weight fibrin alpha chain polymers, providing the basis for the observed enhancements in clot lysis rates.