gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber Optic Microneedles for Transdermal Light Delivery: Ex Vivo Porcine Skin Penetration Experiments (2010)

Shallow light penetration in tissue has been a technical barrier to the development of light-based methods for in vivo diagnosis and treatment of epithelial carcinomas. This problem can potentially be solved by utilizing minimally invasive probes to deliver light directly to target areas. To develop this solution, fiber optic microneedles capable of delivering light for either imaging or therapy were manufactured by tapering step-index silica-based optical fibers employing a melt-drawing process. Some of the microneedles were manufactured to have sharper tips by changing the heat source during the melt-drawing process. All of the microneedles were individually inserted into ex vivo pig skin samples to demonstrate the feasibility of their application in human tissues. The force on each microneedle was measured during insertion in order to determine the effects of sharper tips on the peak force and the steadiness of the increase in force. Skin penetration experiments showed that sharp fiber optic microneedles that are 3 mm long penetrate through 2 mm of ex vivo pig skin specimens. These sharp microneedles had a minimum average diameter of 73 mum and a maximum tip diameter of 8 mum. Flat microneedles, which had larger tip diameters, required a minimum average diameter of 125 mum in order to penetrate through pig skin samples. Force versus displacement plots showed that a sharp tip on a fiber optic microneedle decreased the skin's resistance during insertion. Also, the force acting on a sharp microneedle increased more steadily compared with a microneedle with a flat tip. However, many of the sharp microneedles sustained damage during skin penetration. Two designs that did not accrue damage were identified and will provide a basis of more robust microneedles. Developing resilient microneedles with smaller diameters will lead to transformative, novel modes of transdermal imaging and treatment that are less invasive and less painful for the patient.
Versatile functionalization of the NU-1000 platform by solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (2014)

Solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI) was utilized to efficiently insert various carboxylate-derived functionalities into the Zr-based metal-organic framework NU-1000 as charge compensating moieties strongly bound to the Zr6 nodes. SALI-derived functionalities are accessible for further chemical reactions such as click chemistry, imine condensation and pyridine quaternization.
Highly Active and Stable Fe–N–C Catalyst for Oxygen Depolarized Cathode Applications (2017)

Anion immunity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has tremendous implications in electrocatalysis with applications for fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and oxygen depolarized cathodes (ODCs) in the anodic evolution of chlorine. The necessity of exploring ORR catalysts with immunity to anion adsorption is particularly significant considering that platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts are costly and highly vulnerable to impurities such as halides. Herein, we report a metal organic framework (MOF)-derived Fe-N-C catalyst that exhibits a dramatically improved half-wave potential of 240 mV compared to the state-of-the-art Rh<sub>x</sub>S<sub>y</sub>/C catalyst in a rotating disk electrode in the presence of Cl<sup>-</sup>. The Fe-N<sub>4</sub> active sites in Fe-N-C are intrinsically immune to Cl<sup>-</sup> poisoning, in contrast to Pt/C, which is severely susceptible to Cl<sup>-</sup> poisoning. As a result, the activity of Fe-N-C decreases only marginally in the presence of Cl<sup>-</sup>, far exceeding that of Pt/C. The viability of this catalyst as ODCs is further demonstrated in real-life hydrochloric acid electrolyzers using highly concentrated HCl solution saturated with Cl<sub>2</sub> gas as the electrolyte. The introduction of Fe-N-C materials as ODC catalysts here overcomes the limitations of (i) the low intrinsic ORR activity of Rh<sub>x</sub>S<sub>y</sub>/C as the state-of-the-art ODC catalyst; (ii) the vulnerability to Cl<sup>-</sup> poisoning of Pt/C as the state-of-the-art ORR catalyst; and (iii) the high cost of precious metals in these two materials, resulting in a cost-effective ODC catalyst with the overall performance exceeding that of all previously reported materials.
Prolactin-releasing peptide: a new tool for obesity treatment (2016)

Obesity is an escalating epidemic, but an effective noninvasive therapy is still scarce. For obesity treatment, anorexigenic neuropeptides are promising tools, but their delivery from the periphery to the brain is complicated because peptides have a low stability and limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize results of several studies with our newly designed lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP). PrRP is involved in feeding and energy balance regulation as demonstrated by obesity phenotypes of both PrRP- and PrRP-receptor-knockout mice. Lipidized PrRP analogs showed binding affinity and signaling in PrRP receptor-expressing cells similar to natural PrRP. Moreover, these analogs showed high binding affinity also to anorexigenic neuropeptide FF (NPFF)-2 receptor. Acute peripheral administration of myristoylated and palmitoylated PrRP analogs to mice and rats induced strong and long-lasting anorexigenic effects and neuronal activation in the brain areas involved in food intake regulation. Two-week-long subcutaneous administration of palmitoylated PrRP31 and myristoylated PrRP20 lowered food intake, body weight, improved metabolic parameters and attenuated lipogenesis in mice with diet-induced obesity. A strong anorexigenic, body weight-reducing and glucose tolerance-improving effect of palmitoylated-PrRP31 was shown also in diet-induced obese rats after its repeated 2-week-long peripheral administration. Thus, the strong anorexigenic and body weight-reducing effects of palmitoylated PrRP31 and myristoylated PrRP20 make these analogs attractive candidates for antiobesity treatment. Moreover, PrRP receptor might be a new target for obesity therapy.
Nonmyopic data association aware belief space planning for robust active perception (2017)

One key assumption of Belief Space Planning (BSP) is that the data association is known perfectly. In this paper, we relax this assumption in the context of non-myopic planning as well as belief being a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Interestingly, explicit reasoning about the data association within the belief enables our framework to have parsimonious data association, thereby resulting in a scalable solution compared with naïve permutational approaches. Unlike in some of the recent approaches where the number of components in a GMM belief can only be reduced, in our approach this can also go up such as due to perceptual aliasing present in the environment. Furthermore, our approach naturally integrates with inference, providing a unified framework for robust passive and active perception. We demonstrate key aspects of our approach and its comparison with the state of the art on a general abstract domain as well as in a real robot setup.
Color nonuniformity in projection-based displays: analysis and solutions (2004)

Large-area displays made up of several projectors show significant variation in color. In this paper, we identify different projector parameters that cause the color variation and study their effects on the luminance and chrominance characteristics of the display. This work leads to the realization that luminance varies significantly within and across projectors, while chrominance variation is relatively small, especially across projectors of same model. To address this situation, we present a method to achieve luminance matching across all pixels of a multiprojector display that results in photometrically uniform displays. We use a camera as a measurement device for this purpose. Our method comprises a one-time calibration step that generates a per channel per projector luminance attenuation map (LAM), which is then used to correct any image projected on the display at interactive rates on commodity graphics hardware. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to match luminance across all the pixels of a multiprojector display.
Using Antibodies to Analyze Polyglutamine Stretches (2004)

Expansion of a homomeric stretch of glutamine residues beyond a critical threshold can produce neurodegenerative disease. This observation led to the idea that abnormal polyglutamine stretches can alter protein structure in ways that contribute to disease. Because they are prone to aggregation, proteins with abnormal polyglutamine expansions have been difficult to study with conventional biophysical approaches. Some of these proteins are also very large, complicating efforts to generate them in vitro or to purify them for biochemical studies. An alternative approach has been to use antibodies with known binding specificity as probes of protein folding and protein structure. Antibodies can often bind to specific protein epitopes in situ and are, therefore, one of the few tools that can be used to probe protein structure in a physiological context and in the presence of that protein's normal binding partners. However, antibodies are complex reagents, and an understanding of their binding properties, methods of use, and limitations is needed to interpret results properly. We have developed monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize expanded polyglutamine stretches in mutant huntingtin. Here, we describe several methods for using one of these antibodies to explore the structure of abnormal polyglutamine expansions and the proteins that contain them.
Computer-Aided Rational Drug Design:  A Novel Agent (SR13668) Designed to Mimic the Unique Anticancer Mechanisms of Dietary Indole-3-Carbinol to Block Akt Signaling (2007)

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a naturally occurring anticancer agent and has entered clinical trials for cancer prevention. However, the clinical development of I3C has been impeded by its poor metabolic profile. The active components of I3C were used to develop a novel class of indole analogs to optimize I3C's anticancer actions, including blocking growth factor-stimulated Akt activation. The most promising of these analogs, SR13668, exhibited potent oral anticancer activity against various cancers and no significant toxicity.
In Vivo Inhibition of Elevated Myocardial β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase Activity in Hybrid Transgenic Mice Restores Normal β-Adrenergic Signaling and Function (1999)

Novel hybrid transgenic mice can be created with concomitant cardiac-specific overexpression of 2 independent transgenes with opposing actions. Elevated myocardial betaARK1 in transgenic mouse hearts (to levels seen in human HF) can be inhibited in vivo by a peptide that can prevent agonist-stimulated desensitization of cardiac betaARs. This may represent a novel strategy to improve myocardial function in the setting of compromised heart function.
Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers in consumer electronics: The next little thing? (2016)

This paper describes air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) for consumer electronics applications including time-of-flight range-finding, proximity and presence sensing, and gesture recognition. These applications require sensors that are small size, low-cost, and ultra-low-power, all of which are characteristics of PMUTs.
Development of a Potent Thrombin Receptor Ligand (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of a Potent Thrombin Receptor LigandDong-Mei Feng, Daniel F. Veber, Thomas M. Connolly, Cindra Condra, Mei-Jy Tang, and Ruth F. NuttCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 20, 4125–4130Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00020a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00020a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prodrugs of 9-(.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine. 2. Synthesis and evaluation of a number of 2',3'- and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives (1979)

A number of 2',3'- and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (1) were prepared and evaluated as antivirals. These compounds, designed as prodrugs of 1, offer a range of solubilities and lipophilicities, as well as a resistance to adenosine deaminase, that render some as being attractive as possibly useful antiviral agents. Of particular note is 9-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine that was found to be effective as a topical agent in a guinea pig model of genital herpes.
On Maximizing Tree Bandwidth for Topology-Aware Peer-to-Peer Streaming (2007)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in peer-to-peer (P2P) multimedia streaming. In this paper, we consider constructing a high-bandwidth overlay tree for streaming services. We observe that underlay information such as link connectivity and link bandwidth is important in tree construction, because two seemingly disjoint overlay paths may share common links on the underlay. We hence study how to construct a high-bandwidth overlay tree given the underlay topology. We formulate the problem as building a Maximum Bandwidth Multicast Tree (MBMT) or a Minimum Stress Multicast Tree (MSMT), depending on whether link bandwidth is available or not. We prove that both problems are NP-hard and are not ap-proximable within a factor of (2/3 + epsiv), for any epsiv > 0, unless P = NP. We then present approximation algorithms to address them and analyze the algorithm performance. Furthermore, we discuss some practical issues (e.g., group dynamics, resilience and scalability) in system implementation. We evaluate our algorithms on Internet-like topologies. The results show that our algorithms can achieve high tree bandwidth and low link stress with low penalty in end-to-end delay. Measurement study based on Plan-etLab further confirms this. Our study shows that the knowledge of underlay is important for constructing efficient overlay trees.
Photodynamic therapy dosimetry by fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopies (2004)

Instrumentation is developed for real-time determination of photodynamic therapy dosimetry in vivo, employing measurements of fluorescence emission spectra corrected for effects of dynamic tissue optical properties using white light diffuse reflectance. This system accurately measures photosensitizer photobleaching, photoproduct formation, and tissue oxygenation, all of which are useful as dose metrics.
A model-based noninvasive temperature estimation technique for monitoring HIFU therapy using backscattered ultrasound (2004)

A new noninvasive temperature estimation technique using the bioheat transfer equation (BHTE) to constrain inversion of ultrasonic travel time data has been developed for HIFU therapy monitoring. Initial estimates for BHTE parameters and ultrasonic travel time temperature dependence δτ(T) are noninvasively obtained in situ using ultrasound backscatter signals acquired during two probe heating exposures performed prior to therapy: one to obtain medium thermal parameters, the other to estimate the magnitude of the local HIFU heat source. These estimates are used in BHTE simulations and compared to local travel time changes measured periodically during therapy using a medical ultrasound imager. Quantitative 2-D temperature maps are obtained by constrained data fitting. Preliminary results obtained from in vitro experiments in tissue mimicking phantoms will be presented. Temperature maps are computed throughout therapy delivery and posttreatment cooling periods, and validated against independent temperature measurements obtained using thermocouples placed close to but not at the HIFU focus. This model-based technique permits temperature estimation throughout the entire therapeutic range and is completely noninvasive, and is thus a departure from previously reported techniques. This ultrasound-based approach could serve as an alternative to MRI-based temperature estimation methods in a clinical setting.
Microwave-induced acoustic imaging of biological tissues (1999)

We present tomographic imaging of biological tissues by use of microwave-induced acoustic signal. It was demonstrated that the acoustic signal was proportional to the intensity of the incident microwave and was related to the absorption property of microwave in the medium. Pulsed microwave radiation was used to illuminate the samples. Absorbed microwave energy caused thermoelastic expansion that radiated acoustic waves. A focused ultrasonic transducer detected the time-resolved acoustic signals. Each acoustic signal was converted into a one-dimensional image. A linear scanning of the ultrasonic transducer yielded multiple one-dimensional images, which formed a two-dimensional image. The imaging contrast is based on the difference in the dielectric constants among biological tissues. Because of the large contrast in microwave absorption among different tissue types, microwave-induced acoustic tomography could potentially provide a new modality for detecting early-stage cancers.
Building blocks for PWM VLSI neural network (2002)

The existing VLSI neural network based on pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is analyzed and its new building blocks are proposed. A simple synapse multiplier with high precision and large linearity range is designed, which has no switching noise effects. To transform the neuron voltage state to a PWM signal, a voltage-pulse conversion circuit with high conversion precision and linearity is suggested. To verify the building blocks, a 2-2-1 PWM VLSI neural network is designed, its backpropagation (BP) learning algorithm is adjusted according to the circuit characteristics. The simulation result shows its ability to solve AND, OR and XOR problems. Its speed is more than 1000 times faster than software simulation.
Dry etching with gas chopping without rippled sidewalls (1999)

In the last years, silicon micromachining techniques based on high aspect ratio reactive ion etching with gas chopping have been developed. There the gas flow of etching and deposition gas precursors is chopped which results in controllable sidewall passivation and high anisotropy. However, the rippled sidewalls are a serious limit for various applications. We report on the development of a novel gas chopping etching technique (GCET) process in order to achieve a smooth (rippled free) sidewall surface. As the direct etch mask, we used a 1 or 2-μm-thick resist layer, which was lithographically patterned. The novelty of the process consists in the replacing of the isotropic etching step by an anisotropic etching step. In this way we omit the main source for sidewall ripples. GCET combined with inductively coupled plasmas and fluorine chemistry provide very high etch rates and good control of the sidewall slope. These techniques also can be applied to conventional reactive ion etching equipment with Cl or F based plasma chemistry. However, the techniques used in this study have lower selectivity (in range of 30) than the conventional GCET. A SiON/Si selectivity as high as 50 has been achieved.
HAL II: A Mixed Level Hardware Logic Simulation System (1986)

This paper describes a mixed level hardware logic simulation system, called Hardware Logic Simulator II (HAL II). This paper first shows a HAL II simulation method. Then, it overviews HAL II hardware and software system configurations, simulation mechanism and estimates system performance. The HAL II system can handle a maximum of 5.8 million gates and a high level design language FDL (Functional Description Language). Finally, it discusses system applications and results. The paper also indicates that HAL II has been successfully used.
Optical eigenmode imaging (2011)

We present an indirect imaging method that measures both amplitude and phase information from a transmissive target. Our method is based on an optical eigenmode decomposition of the light intensity and the first-order cross correlation between a target field and these eigenmodes. We demonstrate that such optical eigenmode imaging does not need any a priori knowledge of the imaging system and corresponds to a compressive full-field sampling, leading to high image extraction efficiencies. Finally, we discuss the implications with respect to second-order correlation imaging.
Lavender foal syndrome in Arabian horses is caused by a single‐base deletion in the <i>MYO5A</i> gene (2010)

Summary Lavender Foal Syndrome (LFS) is a rare autosomal recessive lethal disorder affecting Arabian foals which is also characterized by a dilute coat colour and severe neurological signs. Dilute mouse and rat mutants, and Griscelli syndrome type 1 in humans, which are characterized by similar clinical signs, are caused by mutations in the MYO5A gene. MYO5A was, therefore, identified as a possible candidate gene for LFS. Sequencing of the coding region identified a single‐base deletion in a conserved region of the tail domain. The deletion produces a truncated protein product through the insertion of a premature stop codon (p.Arg1487AlafsX13). The deletion was confirmed as the causative mutation by genotyping affected, carrier and normal individuals.
Validation of line‐of‐sight water vapor measurements with GPS (2001)

We present a direct comparison of nonisotropic, integrated water vapor measurements between a ground‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and a water vapor radiometer (WVR). These line‐of‐sight water vapor observations are made in the straight line path between a ground station and a GPS satellite. GPS double‐difference observations are processed, and the residual line‐of‐sight water vapor delays are extracted from the double‐difference residuals. These water vapor delays contain the nonisotropic component of the integrated water vapor signal. The isotropic component is represented by the zenith precipitable water vapor measurement and can be scaled to a specific elevation angle based on a mapping function. The GPS observations are corrected for station‐dependent errors using site‐specific multipath maps. The resulting measurements are validated using a WVR which pointed in the direction of the observed satellites. The double‐difference technique used to make these water vapor observations does not depend on accurate satellite clock estimates. Therefore it is especially well suited for near‐real‐time application in weather prediction and allows for sensing atmospheric structure that is below the noise level of current satellite and receiver clock errors. This paper describes the analysis technique and provides precision estimates for the GPS‐measured nonisotropic water vapor as a function of elevation angle for use with data assimilation systems.