gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental and social impact assessment studies for Iringa - Mbeya - Tunduma - Sumbawanga 400kV transmission line : executive summary (2018)

The development objective of the Tanzania-Zambia Transmission Interconnector Project for Africa is to establish cross-border transmission capacity between the Southern African Power Pool and the Eastern Africa Power Pool to enable regional power trade. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) prepare and implement erosion and sediment control plans,particularly in areas identified as having high erosion potential; (ii) hazardous materials must be stored in a manner that prevents interaction with each other or with the environment or from being tampered accidentally; (iii) Contractor will protect all soil stockpiles subject to winderosion using a barrier, windscreen or vegetation; (iv) all trucks that cart away excavated soils will be covered using a tarpaulin sheet; (v) minimize construction impacts on receiving water bodies by implementing an erosion and sediment control plan and following best management practices; (vi) The Project Contractor will minimize vegetation clearing of the ROW, access roads and substation areas to only what is required for the construction phase processes; (vii) identified bat roosts such as those identified in tree holes, banana trees and rock cliffs should be avoided; (viii) all PAPs should be compensated for agricultural crops and fruit treesat the most current and applicable market rates; (ix) Contractor will procure and erect road traffic furniture for communicating with motorists about the construction works. Such road furniture will be erected after acquiring the necessary permits from the appropriate authorities; (x) Contractor will develop and implement an organizational Gender Policy that will ensure employment and business opportunities are accorded to men and women equally, and where necessary, affirmative actions are applied to bridge gender gaps that may exist; (xi) Contractor shall ensurethat separate accommodation and ablution facilities are provided for women.
Antineoplastic Agents. 362. Isolation and X-ray Crystal Structure of Dibromophakellstatin from the Indian Ocean Sponge <i>Phakellia mauritiana</i> (1997)

Bioassay-guided isolation procedures using human tumor cell lines led to isolation of dibromophakellstatin (4) from the Republic of Seychelles sponge Phakellia mauritiana. The isolation, X-ray crystal structure elucidation, absolute stereochemistry, and antineoplastic activity have been summarized. P. mauritiana was also found to contain dibromophakellin (1), debromohymenialosine (2), thymidine, deoxyuridine, and thymine.
Kinetics and MR-Based Monitoring of AAV9 Vector Delivery into Cerebrospinal Fluid of Nonhuman Primates (2018)

Here we evaluated the utility of MRI to monitor intrathecal infusions in nonhuman primates. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) spiked with gadoteridol, a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent, enabled real-time visualization of infusions delivered either via cerebromedullary cistern, lumbar, cerebromedullary and lumbar, or intracerebroventricular infusion. The kinetics of vector clearance from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed. Our results highlight the value of MRI in optimizing the delivery of infusate into CSF. In particular, MRI revealed differential patterns of infusate distribution depending on the route of delivery. Gadoteridol coverage analysis showed that cerebellomedullary cistern delivery was a reliable and effective route of injection, achieving broad infusate distribution in the brain and spinal cord, and was even greater when combined with lumbar injection. In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection resulted in strong cortical coverage but little spinal distribution. Lumbar injection alone led to the distribution of MRI contrast agent mainly in the spinal cord with little cortical coverage, but this delivery route was unreliable. Similarly, vector clearance analysis showed differences between different routes of delivery. Overall, our data support the value of monitoring CSF injections to dissect different patterns of gadoteridol distribution based on the route of intrathecal administration.
Analysis of Organic Acids in Fruit Juices by Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry: An Enhanced Tool for Authenticity Testing (2011)

Organic acid analysis plays a fundamental role in the testing of authenticity of fruit juices. Analytical methods used routinely for organic acids suffer from poor reproducibility, often give false positives/negatives for tartaric acid, and do not offer the possibility of analyte confirmation. There are conflicting reports in the literature on the presence/absence of tartaric acid in pomegranate juice, a potential indicator of adulteration with grape juice. In this work, a method based on stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is described for citric, malic, quinic, and tartaric acid in fruit juices. Validation data including precision and recovery in six types of juice are presented. Tartaric and quinic acids were confirmed in pomegranate juice at concentrations of 1-5 and ∼1 mg/L, respectively. These concentrations are much lower than those resulting from adulteration with grape juice and apple juice, respectively, at the 5% level. A separate method for isocitric acid in orange juice based on the single standard addition method is also described.
Engineering multifunctional bioactive citrate-based biomaterials for tissue engineering (2022)

Developing bioactive biomaterials with highly controlled functions is crucial to enhancing their applications in regenerative medicine. Citrate-based polymers are the few bioactive polymer biomaterials used in biomedicine because of their facile synthesis, controllable structure, biocompatibility, biomimetic viscoelastic mechanical behavior, and functional groups available for modification. In recent years, various multifunctional designs and biomedical applications, including cardiovascular, orthopedic, muscle tissue, skin tissue, nerve and spinal cord, bioimaging, and drug or gene delivery based on citrate-based polymers, have been extensively studied, and many of them have good clinical application potential. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the multifunctional design and biomedical applications of citrate-based polymers. We also discuss the further development of multifunctional citrate-based polymers with tailored properties to meet the requirements of various biomedical applications.
Regulation of Phosphoglucose Isomerase/Autocrine Motility Factor Activities by the Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Family-14 (2007)

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme essential for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. PGI is a multifunctional dimeric protein that extracellularly acts as a cytokine [autocrine motility factor (AMF)] eliciting mitogenic, motogenic, and differentiation functions through binding to its cell surface receptor gp78/AMF receptor (AMFR). AMFR contains a seven-transmembrane domain with RING-H2 and leucine zipper motifs showing ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) activity and is exposed on the endoplasmic reticulum surface. Augmented expressions of both PGI/AMF and AMFR have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, and an intracellular binding partner of PGI/AMF is expected to regulate in part its diverse biological functions. Thus, we screened a cDNA library using a yeast two-hybrid system to search for interacting protein(s) and report on the finding of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-14 (PARP-14) to be a binding partner with PGI/AMF. PARP-14-PGI/AMF interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and immunolocalization. We also report that PGI/AMF degradation is mainly regulated by the ubiquitin-lysosome system and RNA interference experiments revealed that PARP-14 inhibits PGI/AMF ubiquitination, thus contributing to its stabilization and secretion. This newly characterized PARP-14 protein should assist in understanding the regulation of PGI/AMF intracellular function(s) and may provide a new therapeutic target for inhibition of PGI/AMF inducing tumor cell migration and invasion during metastasis.
Improved Pedestrian Navigation Based on Drift-Reduced MEMS IMU Chip (2010)

We previously presented a prototype of a personal navigation system called NavShoe™ which uses shoe-mounted inertial sensors and magnetometers to achieve GPS-denied navigation with very low drift rates in most circumstances [1]. Zero-velocity updates (ZUPTs) were obtained during the stance phase of each step to correct position and velocity drift, and carefully-screened and compensated magnetometer readings helped constrain the heading drift of the low-cost MEMS gyroscopes.
The system worked extremely well in many environments, but the heading accuracy would gradually degrade in environments where no usable readings of earth’s magnetic field can be obtained for an extended period of time, or where distorted readings are very difficult to distinguish and reject from the Kalman filter. In an effort to make the NavShoe more robust and less dependent on compass measurements which can sometimes cause accuracy problems, we set out to design a new IMU called NavChip™ with better performance and smaller size than the InertiaCube3 that was used in the original NavShoe prototype system. This paper introduces the new NavChip sensor, and evaluates the improvement in raw dead-reckoning performance of the NavShoe obtained by using it, without aiding from magnetometer, GPS or any other complementary technology. The improvement in heading drift is substantial, which will facilitate the development of more robust and accurate pedestrian localization systems by fusing the NavShoe inertial dead-reckoning data with complementary technologies. A simplistic error accumulation model for gyro-based dead-reckoning systems is provided to help understand the way errors accumulate as a function of time, distance and path.
Part I: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 induced migraine-like attacks in patients with and without familial aggregation of migraine (2016)

Background Intravenous infusion of adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) provokes migraine-like attacks in 65-70% of migraine sufferers. Whether aggregation of migraine in first-degree relatives contributes to this discrepancy in PACAP38-induced response is unknown. We hypothesized that genetic enrichment plays a role in triggering of migraine and that migraine without aura patients with a high family load ( ≥ 2 first-degree relatives with migraine) would report more migraine-like attacks after intravenous infusion of human PACAP38. Methods In this study, we allocated 32 previously genotyped migraine without aura patients to receive intravenous infusion of 10 pmol/kg/min PACAP38 and recorded migraine-like attacks including headache characteristics and associated symptoms. Information of familial aggregation was obtained by telephone interview of first-degree relatives using a validated semi-structured questionnaire. Results PACAP38 infusion induced a migraine-like attack in 75% (nine out of 12) of patients with high family load compared to 70% (14 out of 20) with low family load ( P = 0.761). In an explorative investigation, we found that the migraine response after PACAP38 was not associated with the risk allele of rs2274316 ( MEF2D), which confers increased risk of migraine without aura and may regulate PACAP38 expression. Conclusion Migraine response to PACAP38 infusion in migraine without aura patients is not associated with high family load or the risk allele of rs2274316 ( MEF2D).
Enterohepatic circulation in man of a gamma-emitting bile-acid conjugate, 23-selena-25-homotaurocholic acid (SeHCAT). (1982)

A conjugated bile acid, 23-selena-25-homotaurocholic acid (SeHCAT), labeled with the gamma emitter Se-75, has been evaluated in man. Absorption and excretion were compared with that of simultaneously administered [23-14C]cholic acid. SeHCAT is absorbed quantitatively following oral administration, secreted into the bile at the same rate as cholic acid, reabsorbed from the small intestine, and resecreted. It is not absorbed when the terminal ileum has been excised or bypassed. SeHCAT is therefore the first of a new class of radiopharmaceuticals, namely, gamma-emitting tracers of the complete cycle of the enterohepatic circulation. Its use will simplify investigation of the functional state of the terminal ileum by eliminating the need to collect and process feces.
Evolution of Graphene Molecules: Structural and Functional Complexity as Driving Forces behind Nanoscience (2014)

The evolution of nanoscience is based on the ability of the fields of chemistry and physics to share competencies through mutually beneficial collaborations. With this in mind, in this Perspective, I describe three classes of compounds: rylene dyes, polyphenylene dendrimers, as well as nanographene molecules and graphene nanoribbons, which have provided a superb platform to nurture these relationships. The synthesis of these complex structures is demanding but also rewarding because they stimulate unique investigations at the single-molecule level by scanning tunneling microscopy and single-molecule spectroscopy. There are close functional and structural relationships between the molecules chosen. In particular, rylenes and nanographenes can be regarded as honeycomb-type, discoid species composed of fused benzene rings. The benzene ring can thus be regarded as a universal modular building block. Polyphenylene dendrimers serve, first, as a scaffold for dyes en route to multichromophoric systems and, second, as chemical precursors for graphene synthesis. Through chemical design, it is possible to tune the properties of these systems at the single-molecule level and to achieve nanoscale control over their self-assembly to form multifunctional (nano)materials.
The synthesis and determination of acidic ionization constants of certain 5‐substituted 2‐aminopyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐4‐ones and methylated analogs (1996)

Abstract The acidic ionization constants were determined for a series of 5‐substituted 2‐aminopyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones and N ‐3‐ and N ‐7‐methylated analogs thereof. The syntheses of the methylated analogs are also described.
Multimodal Question Answering over Structured Data with Ambiguous Entities (2017)

In recent years, we have witnessed profound changes in the way people satisfy their information needs. For instance, with the ubiquitous 24/7 availability of mobile devices, the number of search engine queries on mobile devices has reportedly overtaken that of queries on regular personal computers. In this paper, we consider the task of multimodal question answering over structured data, in which a user supplies not just a natural language query but also an image. Our system addresses this by optimizing a non-convex objective function capturing multimodal constraints. Our experiments show that this enables it to answer even very challenging ambiguous entity queries with high accuracy.
Consensus guideline on the management of medication related dysphagia (2007)

Connect Medical has published a consensus guideline in response to the problems health professionals, including nurse prescribers, encounter when managing the growing numbers of patients who have difficulties swallowing their medication. In this article Richard Griffith and Cassam Tengnah describe how the guideline will assist medication management and protect nurse prescribers from liability when treating patients with medication-related dysphagia.
Interrelationships between the development of the gastric cytoprotective effects of prostacyclin, atropine, cimetidine and the gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase activity in rats. (1984)

Gastric mucosal damage was produced by the intragastric administration of 96% ethanol or 0.6 M HCl. The cytoprotective doses of prostacyclin (PGI2) (5 micrograms/kg), atropine (0.025 mg/kg) or cimetidine (2.5 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally 30 min before the administration of the necrotizing agents. The animals were killed 1 hr later. The number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions (ulcer) were recorded. At the time of the sacrifice of the animals, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was prepared from the gastric fundic mucosa and its activity was measured. It was found that PGI2 (5 micrograms/kg), atropine (0.025 mg/kg) and cimetidine (2.5 mg/kg) significantly decreased the number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions (ulcers) produced by the intragastric administration of 96% ethanol a 0.6 M HCl, PGI2, atropine, cimetidine, given in cytoprotective doses, significantly mounted the ethanol-induced increase of gastric mucosal SOD activity; PGI2, atropine, cimetidine, given them in cytoprotective doses significantly shunted the HCl-induced decrease of gastric mucosal SOD activity. It has been concluded that; chemically different cytoprotective agents (PGI2, atropine, cimetidine) give rise to similar tendencies in the changes of gastric mucosal SOD activity; both the significant decrease (in the ethanol-model) and the significant increase (in the HCl-model) of this enzyme seem to be involved in the development of gastric mucosal protection by PGI2, atropine and cimetidine.
Delay-Dependent Stability of Single-Loop Controlled Grid-Connected Inverters with <italic>LCL</italic> Filters (2015)

LCL filters have been widely used for grid-connected inverters. However, the problem that how time delay affects the stability of digitally controlled grid-connected inverters with LCL filters has not been fully studied. In this paper, a systematic study is carried out on the relationship between the time delay and stability of single-loop controlled grid-connected inverters that employ inverter current feedback (ICF) or grid current feedback (GCF). The ranges of time delay for system stability are analyzed and deduced in the continuous s-domain and discrete z-domain. It is shown that in the optimal range, the existence of time delay weakens the stability of the ICF loop, whereas a proper time delay is required for the GCF loop. The present work explains, for the first time, why different conclusions on the stability of ICF loop and GCF loop have been drawn in previous studies. To improve system stability, a linear predictor-based time delay reduction method is proposed for ICF, while a time delay addition method is used for GCF. A controller design method is then presented that guarantees adequate stability margins. The delay-dependent stability study is verified by simulation and experiment.
A versatile color tuning strategy for iridium(III) and platinum(II) electrophosphors by shifting the charge-transfer states with an electron-deficient core (2009)

By fusing an electron-deficient ring system with the phenyl ring of a 2-phenylpyridine (ppy)-type ligand, a new and synthetically versatile strategy for the phosphorescence color tuning of cyclometalated iridium(III) and platinum(II) metallophosphors has been established. Two robust red electrophosphors with enhanced electron-injection/electron-transporting features were prepared by using an electron-trapping fluoren-9-one chromophore in the ligand design. The thermal, photophysical, redox and electrophosphorescent properties of these complexes are reported. These exciting results can be attributed to a switch of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) character of the transition from the pyridyl groups in the traditional Ir<sup>III</sup> or Pt<sup>II</sup> ppy-type complexes to the electron-deficient ring core, and the spectral assignments corroborate well with the electrochemical data as well as the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The electron-withdrawing character of the fused ring results in much more stable MLCT states, inducing a substantial red-shift of the triplet emission energy from yellow to red for the Ir<sup>III</sup> complex and even green to red for the Pt<sup>II</sup> counterpart. Electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) doped with these red emitters fabricated by using vacuum evaporation technique have been realized with reasonable performance.
Psychosocial correlates of health practices in black South African university students (2001)

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of health practices among young male and female adults.OpsommingDie doel van die navorsing was om die voorkeur en die korrelasies van psigososiale gesondheidspraktyke van jong manlike en vroulike volwassenes te bestudeer.  *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Investigation of the mean free path of hot electrons in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures (1994)

The mean free path of hot electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures is investigated. For the first time grating-induced Smith-Purcell emission is studied as a function of the grating period length. The mean free path is obtained from the changes in intensity and width of the experimental spectra by performing a Fourier analysis of the effective interaction potential. In the direction of the applied electric field a mean free path of lambda approximately 300 nm is obtained, whereas perpendicular to the electric field the mean free path is smaller ( lambda approximately=150 nm).
Effects on bone mass after eight years of hormonal replacement therapy (1997)

Eight years of treatment with HRT resulted in a significant, substantial gain of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine. The distal radius, ulna and Ward's triangle showed a significantly higher bone mineral density in the HRT group compared with the placebo/untreated group.
Development and Infrared Applications of Chalcogenide Glass Optical Fibers (2000)

Chalcogenide glass fibers based on sulphide, selenide, telluride, and their rare earth doped compositions are being actively pursued both at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. (NRL) and worldwide. Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses using improved chem ical purification techniques, but further improvements are needed in both purification and fiberization technology to attain the theoretical optical losses. Despite this, current singlemode and multimode chalcogenide glass fibers are enabling numerous applications. Some of these applications include laser power delivery, chemical sensing, imaging, scanning near field microscopy spectroscopy, fiber infrared (IR) sources lasers, amplifiers, and optical switches. The authors assert that the research and development of chalcogenide glasses will grow in the foreseeable future, especially with respect to improvements the optical quality of the fibers and the performance of the fibers in existing future applications.
A diamond in the making (2011)

Vacuum logic OR gates based on nanodiamond emission devices have been demonstrated by researchers at Vanderbilt University in the US. By fabricating two identical nanodiamond lateral field emission diodes on a silicon-on-insulator wafer, and using diode-resistor logic, they have been able to realise logic devices that have the potential to be used in extreme environment applications.