gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Decimal Floating-Point Adder with Decoded Operands and a Decimal Leading-Zero Anticipator (2009)

The IEEE 754-2008 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic was officially approved this year. One of the most important revisions to IEEE 754-1985 is the introduction of decimal floating-point (DFP) formats and operations. Since IEEE 754-1985 was revised, major microprocessor vendors have been working on hardware designs and software libraries for decimal arithmetic. Because the new standard has been approved, many software vendors are planning to adapt the new decimal formats into their applications. Therefore, it is important to investigate efficient algorithms and hardware designs for common DFP arithmetic operations to improve the performance of these applications. This paper presents a novel DFP adder with decoded operands and a decimal leading-zero anticipator (LZA). The DFP adder is based on a previous DFP adder design with several new features, including a new internal format, an improved operand pre-correction stage, and a novel decimal LZA to obtain better timing for decimal addition and subtraction. Synthesis results show that the new DFP adder is roughly 14% faster than the previous design.
Shotgun Metagenomics Study Suggests Alteration in Sulfur Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Children with Autism and Improvement after Microbiota Transfer Therapy (2022)

Links between gut microbiota and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been explored in many studies using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun sequencing. Based on these links, microbiome therapies have been proposed to improve gastrointestinal (GI) and ASD symptoms in ASD individuals. Previously, our open-label microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) study provided insight into the changes in the gut microbial community of children with ASD after MTT and showed significant and long-term improvement in ASD and GI symptoms. Using samples from the same study, the objective of this work was to perform a deeper taxonomic and functional analysis applying shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Taxonomic analyses revealed that ASD Baseline had many bacteria at lower relative abundances, and their abundance increased after MTT. The relative abundance of fiber consuming and beneficial microbes including <i>Prevotella</i> (<i>P. dentalis</i>, <i>P. enoeca</i>, <i>P. oris</i>, <i>P. meloninogenica</i>), <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>, and a sulfur reducer <i>Desulfovibrio piger</i> increased after MTT-10wks in children with ASD compared to Baseline (consistent at genus level with the previous 16S rRNA gene study). Metabolic pathway analysis at Baseline compared to typically developing (TD) children found an altered abundance of many functional genes but, after MTT, they became similar to TD or donors. Important functional genes that changed included: genes encoding enzymes involved in folate biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism and oxidative stress. These results show that MTT treatment not only changed the relative abundance of important genes involved in metabolic pathways, but also seemed to bring them to a similar level to the TD controls. However, at a two-year follow-up, the microbiota and microbial genes shifted into a new state, distinct from their levels at Baseline and distinct from the TD group. Our current findings suggest that microbes from MTT lead to initial improvement in the metabolic profile of children with ASD, and major additional changes at two years post-treatment. In the future, larger cohort studies, mechanistic in vitro experiments and metatranscriptomics studies are recommended to better understand the role of these specific microbes, functional gene expression, and metabolites relevant to ASD.
Resilient Password Manager Using Physical Unclonable Functions (2021)

The offline dictionary attacks on the database of passwords (PW) or even hashed PW are damaging as a single server break-in leads to many compromised PWs. In this regard, using Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) to increase the security of PW manager systems has been recently proposed. Using PUFs allows replacing the hashed PW with PUF responses, which provide an additional hardware layer of security. In this way, even with accessing the database, an adversary should have physical control of the PUF to find the PWs. However, such a scheme cannot operate without a backup in case of catastrophic failure of the PUFs. The likelihood of a failure is low unless the opponent finds a way to destroy the PUF. The scheme used in this article includes a mechanism to make the system works consistently if the PUF fails, with redundant elements. In this method, two PUF outputs are saved in the database to register a user. In authentication, the first PUF output in the database is just checked. The second PUF output in the database is only checked in the exceptional cases when the first PUF does not work correctly; therefore, both false reject rates and latencies are not degraded. A PW manager node is implemented using a low-cost microcontroller, SRAM PUF, and nonvolatile SRAM. The nonvolatile SRAM is embedded in the PWM node circuit as a local database. Statistical tests on the applied commercial SRAM in this article show better PUF quality than those used in previous research. Also, to handle the error in PUF responses, only the stable SRAM cells are used. This article presents the first prototype of a resilient PW manager node with an embedded local database to the best of our knowledge.
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy plus dystonia is caused by a mitochondrial DNA point mutation (1995)

A novel point mutation in the ND6 subunit of complex I at position 14,459 of the mitochondrial DNA (MTND6*LDY T14459A) was identified as a candidate mutation for the highly tissue-specific disease. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy plus dystonia. Since the MTND6*LDYT14459A mutation was identified in a single family, other pedigrees with the mutation are needed to confirm its association with the disease. Clinical, biochemical, and genetic characterization is reported in two additional pedigrees. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy developed in two family members in one pedigree. The daughter had clinically silent basal ganglia lesions. In a second pedigree, a single individual presented with childhood-onset generalized dystonia and bilateral basal ganglia lesions. Patient groups that included individuals with Leigh's disease, dystonia plus complex neurodegeneration, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy did not harbor the MTND6*LDYT14459A mutation, suggesting that this mutation displays a high degree of tissue specificity, thus producing a narrow phenotypic range. These results confirm the association of the MTND6*LDYT14459A mutation with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and/or dystonia. As the first genetic abnormality that has been identified to cause generalized dystonia, this mutation suggests that nuclear DNA or mitochondrial DNA mutations in oxidative phosphorylation genes are important considerations in the pathogenesis of dystonia.
Optofluidic distributed feedback dye laser (2006)

We demonstrated an optofluidic distributed feedback (DFB) dye laser on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chip. Single-mode operation was obtained with 0.21 nm linewidth. We achieved nearly 60 nm continuously tunable output by mechanically varying the grating period.
Effects of crystalline precipitates on the soft magnetic properties of metallic glasses (1982)

Effects of crystalline precipitates, nucleating at temperatures slightly below the crystallization temperatures, on the soft magnetic properties are reported for some selected metallic glasses. Emphasis is placed on the effects due to the difference of the crystalline symmetry of the precipitates. The glassy alloys selected for the present study are Fe85B15, Fe77B23, and Fe60Ni25B15, which tend to precipitate bcc-Fe, bct-Fe3B, and fcc Fe-Ni crystalline particles, respectively. It is concluded that the differences in structure of the precipitates are more important than their morphology in determining the ac properties of the materials at frequencies greater than 50 kHz.
Visible band lens-free imaging using coded aperture techniques (2009)

Traditionally, coded aperture techniques have been applied to short-wavelength imaging: X-rays and γ-rays. For these wavelengths, it is valid to neglect diffraction and describe the operation of the imager in purely geometric-optics terms. We have investigated coded aperture imaging in the visible band. The much longer wavelengths in this region of the spectrum mean that diffraction effects cannot be neglected. We describe the effects of diffraction and the implications for image resolution. We present experimental results from a lens-free coded-aperture imager operating in the visible band and describe the techniques used to obtain good quality images of complex greyscale scenes.
A Novel Measurement Method for Coal Thermoplasticity: Permeation Distance (2015)

A novel measurement method for coal thermoplasticity was developed, where permeation distance of thermally plastic coal into glass beads layer placed on the coal sample was measured. The characteristic of this method is simulating the condition in a coke oven, especially void structure around the plastic layer by using glass beads and coking pressure by applying a load. In a standard condition, the coal sample is heated to 550 °C, and coal sample softens and permeates into the glass beads layer, then the permeation distance is measured after cooling the sample. The maximum permeation distance measured is roughly correlated with Gieseler fluidity, however large deviation is observed especially for high fluidity coals. Moreover, the deterioration of coke strength is observed in case that long permeation distance coal is used in a coal blend for cokemaking. This new measurement method clearly shows the difference in coking property of high fluidity coal as well as solving the problems in Gieseler plastometer method for evaluating high fluidity coals. By employing the permeation distance method, contribution to the production of high strength coke and effective usage of caking coal will be expected.
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human iPSC-derived motor neurons resolves early and predictive ALS signatures (2020)

Summary Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neural cultures from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients can reflect disease phenotypes targetable by treatments. However, widely used differentiation protocols produce mixtures of progenitors, neurons, glia, and other cells at various developmental stages and rostrocaudal neural tube segments. Here we present a methodology using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to distinguish cell type expression in C9orf72 ALS, sporadic ALS, control, and genome-edited cultures across multiple subjects, experiments, and commercial platforms. Combinations of HOX and developmental gene expression with global clustering classified rostrocaudal, progenitor, and mantle zone fates. This demonstrated that iPSC-differentiated cells recapitulate fetal hindbrain and spinal cord development and resolved early, reproducible, and motor neuron-specific signatures of familial and sporadic ALS. This includes downregulated ELAVL3 expression, which persists into disease endstages. Single-cell analysis thus yielded predictive ALS markers in other human and mouse models which were otherwise undiscovered through bulk omics assays.
Intracavity loss modulation of GaInAsP diode lasers (1981)

Diode lasers with an intracavity electroabsorption modulator have been fabricated in the GaInAsP/InP material system. The additional absorption loss produced by operating the modulator near maximum reverse bias increased the laser threshold by a factor of as much as 2.9 relative to the threshold with the modulator open circuited. Large depth of modulation of the laser output at frequencies up to 2.5 GHz, the measurement system limit, has been achieved by application of a microwave signal to the modulator.
An Analysis of Affine Coordinates for Pairing Computation. (2010)

Abstract. In this paper we analyze the use of affine coordinates for pairing computation. We observe that in many practical settings, e.g. when implementing optimal ate pairings in high security levels, affine coordinates are faster than using the best currently known formulas for projective coordinates. This observation relies on two known techniques for speeding up field inversions which we analyze in the context of pairing computation. We give detailed performance numbers for a pairing implementation based on these ideas, including timings for base field and extension field arithmetic with relative ratios for inversion-to-multiplication costs, timings for pairings in both affine and projective coordinates, and average timings for multiple pairings and products of pairings.
An Envelope Domain III–based Chimeric Antigen Produced in Pichia pastoris Elicits Neutralizing Antibodies Against All Four Dengue Virus Serotypes (2008)

There is currently no vaccine to prevent dengue (DEN) virus infection, which is caused by any one of four closely related serotypes, DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, or DEN-4. A DEN vaccine must be tetravalent, because immunity to a single serotype does not offer cross-protection against the other serotypes. We have developed a novel tetravalent chimeric protein by fusing the receptor-binding envelope domain III (EDIII) of the four DEN virus serotypes. This protein was expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris, and purified to near homogeneity in high yields. Antibodies induced in mice by the tetravalent protein, formulated in different adjuvants, neutralized the infectivity of all four serotypes. This, coupled with the high expression potential of the P. pastoris system and easy one-step purification, makes the EDIII-based recombinant protein a potentially promising candidate for the development of a safe, efficacious, and inexpensive, tetravalent DEN vaccine.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: The Problems of a Growing Family (1992)

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is now recognized as an important component of the control of many fundamental aspects of cellular function, including growth and differentiation, cell cycle and cytoskeletal integrity. In vivo, the net level of phosphorylation of tyrosyl residues in a target substrate reflects the balance between the competing action of kinases and phosphatases. We are examining physiological roles for protein tyrosine phosphorylation, pursuing the problem from the perspective of the enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation reaction, the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). The PTPases have, until recently, been somewhat neglected relative to the protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). However, considerable progress has been made in identifying new members of the PTPase family, and it appears that they constitute a novel class of signal transducing molecules that rival the PTKs in their structural diversity and complexity. One of the principal reasons that the study of PTPases has lagged behind that of the...
Pyrochlore based oxides with high dielectric constant and low temperature coefficient (1995)

The temperature dependent dielectric constants in the vicinity of room temperature have been measured for bulk ceramics which are phase-mixtures of Pb2(Nb,Mg,Ti)2O6+x pyrochlores and Pb(Nb,Mg,Ti)O3 perovskites. A band of compositions is found in which the negative temperature coefficient of dielectric constant for the pyrochlore is very closely compensated by the positive temperature coefficient of dielectric constant of the perovskite. These compositions have dielectric constants near 200, with measured Q’s near 200 at 100 kHz.
A compiler and runtime for heterogeneous computing (2012)

Heterogeneous systems show a lot of promise for extracting high-performance by combining the benefits of conventional architectures with specialized accelerators in the form of graphics processors (GPUs) and reconfigurable hardware (FPGAs). Extracting this performance often entails programming in disparate languages and models, making it hard for a programmer to work equally well on all aspects of an application. Further, relatively little attention is paid to co-execution---the problem of orchestrating program execution using multiple distinct computational elements that work seamlessly together.
A VLSI single chip (255,223) Reed-Solomon encoder (1985)

A description of a working single chip implementation of a Reed-Solomon encoder. The code used is the Consultative Committee on Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standard (255,223) code. The architecture that leads to this single very large scale integration chip design makes use of a bit-serial finite field multiplication algorithm of E. R. Berlekamp.
A common human <i>SCN5A</i> polymorphism modifies expression of an arrhythmia causing mutation (2003)

SCN5A encodes the alpha-subunit of the ion channel that carries Na current in human heart. From a human cardiac cDNA library we recloned SCN5A. The new clone hH1b differed from existing clones hH1 in four and from hH1a in three positions. The common polymorphism H558R was uniquely present in hH1b. Voltage clamp study showed minor but potentially important kinetic differences between hH1b and the other clones. More dramatically, when the LQT3 mutation M1766L was introduced into the different clones, Na current was markedly reduced in the hH1 and hH1a backgrounds, whereas in hH1b the Na current was not reduced. Immunocytochemistry experiments showed a trafficking defect for M1766L Na channels in hH1 and hH1a but not in hH1b. The double-mutation M1766L/H558R in the hH1a background restored normal trafficking and current including persistent late current, suggesting the disease phenotype was the result of a "double hit" that included the common polymorphism, H558R. These results show that the choice of background clone must be carefully considered in mutagenesis studies. This also represents an example of intragenic complementation, the first for such a large protein.
Geminivirus C3 Protein: Replication Enhancement and Protein Interactions (2005)

Most dicot-infecting geminiviruses encode a replication enhancer protein (C3, AL3, or REn) that is required for optimal replication of their small, single-stranded DNA genomes. C3 interacts with C1, the essential viral replication protein that initiates rolling circle replication. C3 also homo-oligomerizes and interacts with at least two host-encoded proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the retinoblastoma-related protein (pRBR). It has been proposed that protein interactions contribute to C3 function. Using the C3 protein of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, we examined the impact of mutations to amino acids that are conserved across the C3 protein family on replication enhancement and protein interactions. Surprisingly, many of the mutations did not affect replication enhancement activity of C3 in tobacco protoplasts. Other mutations either enhanced or were detrimental to C3 replication activity. Analysis of mutated proteins in yeast two-hybrid assays indicated that mutations that inactivate C3 replication enhancement activity also reduce or inactivate C3 oligomerization and interaction with C1 and PCNA. In contrast, mutated C3 proteins impaired for pRBR binding are fully functional in replication assays. Hydrophobic residues in the middle of the C3 protein were implicated in C3 interaction with itself, C1, and PCNA, while polar resides at both the N and C termini of the protein are important for C3-pRBR interaction. These experiments established the importance of C3-C3, C3-C1, and C3-PCNA interactions in geminivirus replication. While C3-pRBR interaction is not required for viral replication in cycling cells, it may play a role during infection of differentiated cells in intact plants.
A novel simplified process for fabricating a very high density p-channel trench gate power MOSFET (2000)

A novel simplified fabrication method of a very high density p-channel trench gate power MOSFET using four mask layers and nitride/TEOS sidewall spacers is realized. The proposed process showed improved on-resistance characteristics of the device with increasing cell density and the cost-effective production capability due to the lesser number of processing steps. By using this process technique, a remarkably increased high density (100 Mcell/inch <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) trench gate power MOSFET with a cell pitch of 2.5 μm could be effectively realized. The fabricated device had a low specific on-resistance of 1.1 m/spl Omega/-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a breakdown voltage of -36 V.
Notch pathway activation targets AML-initiating cell homeostasis and differentiation (2013)

Notch signaling pathway activation is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of a spectrum of human malignancies, including T cell leukemia. However, recent studies have implicated the Notch pathway as a tumor suppressor in myeloproliferative neoplasms and several solid tumors. Here we report a novel tumor suppressor role for Notch signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and demonstrate that Notch pathway activation could represent a therapeutic strategy in this disease. We show that Notch signaling is silenced in human AML samples, as well as in AML-initiating cells in an animal model of the disease. In vivo activation of Notch signaling using genetic Notch gain of function models or in vitro using synthetic Notch ligand induces rapid cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis of AML-initiating cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that Notch inactivation cooperates in vivo with loss of the myeloid tumor suppressor Tet2 to induce AML-like disease. These data demonstrate a novel tumor suppressor role for Notch signaling in AML and elucidate the potential therapeutic use of Notch receptor agonists in the treatment of this devastating leukemia.
High-performance liquid chromatography using spherical aggregates of hydroxyapatite micro-crystals as adsorbent (1986)

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using spherical aggregates of hydroxyapatite (HA) microcrystals as adsorbent has been developed; preliminary performance tests were carried out by using several types of protein. In comparison with previously developed plate-like HA packed columns for HPLC, spherical HA packed columns show considerably high chromatographic resolutions in spite of extremely reduced column lengths of 0.5-3 cm. The pressure generated by the latter columns is much higher than that generated by the former, however.
Inertial energy storage device. [Patent application] (1977)

The inertial energy storage device described comprises a composite ring formed of circumferentially wound resin-impregnated filament material, a flanged hollow metal hub concentrically disposed in the ring, and a plurality of discrete filament bandsets coupling the hub to the ring. Each bandset is formed of a pair of parallel bands affixed to the hub in a spaced apart relationship with the axis of rotation of the hub being disposed between the bands and with each band being in the configuration of a hoop extending about the ring along a chordal plane. The bandsets are disposed in an angular relationship with one another so as to encircle the ring at spaced-apart circumferential locations while being disposed in an overlapping relationship on the flanges of the hub. The energy storage device of the present invention has the capability of substantial energy storage due to the relationship of the filament bands to the ring and the flanged hub. The invention described relates generally to inertial energy storage devices, and more particularly to a fiber composite flywheel utilizing filamentary material in a resin matrix.
External ear canal pressure regulating device and tinnitus suppression device (1992)

First Page