gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Margins of safety of intravascular contrast media: body weight, surface area or toxicokinetic approach? (2005)

The margin of safety of a drug is defined as the ratio between toxicity in animals and safety in humans. For intravascular contrast media, the margin of safety is traditionally the ratio between LD50 and diagnostic dose, both doses being based on bodyweight. The shift to surface area dramatically reduces this margin to unacceptable values. Toxicokinetics, which relates systemic exposure associated with early toxic signs in animals to plasma level in man, seems the most accurate and predictive criterion.
Influence of Resin Structure, Tether Length, and Solvent upon the High-Resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectra of Solid-Phase-Synthesis Resins (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTInfluence of Resin Structure, Tether Length, and Solvent upon the High-Resolution 1H NMR Spectra of Solid-Phase-Synthesis ResinsPaul A. KeiferView Author Information Varian NMR Instruments, 3120 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, California 94304 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5, 1558–1559Publication Date (Web):March 8, 1996Publication History Received13 November 1995Published online8 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo952001thttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo952001trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Organic polymers,Polymers,Quality management,Solvents Get e-Alerts
A New Method for Determining the Connection Resistance of the Compression Connector in Cable Joint (2018)

The compression connector of a cable joint is one of the major components causing joint overheating. This paper proposed a new model to determine the connection resistance of the compression connector. It innovatively integrated electrical contacts model analysis (ECMA) with finite element analysis (FEA) in the modeling. The compacted stranded structure of the cable conductor was taken into account in the proposed model. The streamline distortion effect on the connection resistance was also established. To verify the applicability of the proposed model, the connection resistances of five compression connectors with different cross sections were measured. The modeling results and measurement results were in close agreement with each other.
Fc Receptor Heterogeneity: Immunofluorescent Studies of B, T, and “Third Population” Lymphocytes in Human Blood with Rabbit IgG b4/Anti-b4 Complexes (1977)

IgG Fc receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were characterized by immunofluorescence studies with defined rabbit IgG b4 allotype/anti-allotype complexes. Three discrete types of Fc receptor-bearing cells, totaling approximately 33% of PBL, were identified. Fc receptors of the three types differed in their sensitivity to trypsin and in either absolute or localized density (topography) as determined by variable requirements for anti-IgC cross-linking in order to visualize bound complexes microscopically. The question of additional heterogeneity related to differences in individual Fc receptor affinity for complexed IgG was not approached in this study. Ten to 15% of PBL had pronase-sensitive, trypsin-resistant Fc receptors readily detected by direct immunofluorescence by using large fluorescein-conjugated complexes prepared near equivalence. Double label and lymphocyte fractionation experiments established this population to be largely distinct from suface IgM+ B cells and T cells, and identical to EA Ripley rosette-forming cells. Approximately 50% of surface IgM+ B cells and approximately 10% of T cells had lower density Fc receptors identified by indirect immunofluorescence with small complexes prepared in antigen excess or by cross-linking fluorescein-conjugated complexes with anti-rabbit IgG anti-serum. An additional approximately 15% peripheral T and B cells had very low density Fc receptors detectable by complexing the IgG on the cell surface by sequential incubations of cells with b4 IgG and anti-b4. Fc receptors on B and T cells were sensitive to both pronase and trypsin digestion. The heterogeneity of IgG Fc receptors on different lymphocyte subpopulations as defined by these these experiments may be of relevance for further analysis of normal and abnormal immune function.
Micrometer axial resolution OCT for corneal imaging (2011)

An optical coherence tomography (OCT) for high axial resolution corneal imaging is presented. The system uses 375 nm bandwidth (625 to 1000 nm) from a broadband supercontinuum light source. The system was developed in free space to minimize image quality degradation due to dispersion. A custom-designed spectrometer based on a Czerny Turner configuration was implemented to achieve an imaging depth of 1 mm. Experimentally measured axial resolution was 1.1 μm in corneal tissue and had a good agreement with the theoretically calculated resolution from the envelope of the spectral interference fringes. In vivo imaging was carried out and thin corneal layers such as the tear film and the Bowman's layer were quantified in normal, keratoconus, and contact lens wearing eyes, indicating the system's suitability for several ophthalmic applications.
Society for Neuroscience--28th annual meeting. Glutamate receptors. 7-12 November 1998, Los Angeles, CA, USA. (1999)

This meeting, stretching over 5 days with approximately 24,000 registrants, had approximately 13,000 oral and poster presentations covering all areas of neuroscience. This review focuses on a selection of new developments in the field of glutamate receptors. This area is receiving considerable attention from research groups in both academic and industrial establishments, and it is notable that many efforts are collaborative between workers from these different types of establishment. Glutamate receptors (GluR) can be classified as ionotropic (iGluR) or metabotropic (mGluR) receptors. Amongst the ionotropic receptors are the NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors and kainate receptors, whilst there are eight subtypes of mGluRs which can be placed into three groups on the basis of sequence homology, pharmacology and intracellular transduction mechanism.
The Islamic Legal Remedy on Husband's Imprisonment (2019)

The need of a prisoner’s wife is often not an issue of concern for many. Despite financial struggle, the imprisonment of the husband may affect the wife’s emotional being and inner needs. Since the repulsion of harm (mafsadah) serves as the objective of Islamic legal rulings, this paper seeks to examine the juristic views of different schools of laws in Islam on the remedy available where the husband has been sentenced for imprisonment. For comparative purpose, the provisions of law related to husband’s imprisonment as applied in Malaysia, Jordan, Egypt and Morocco are also discussed. Using content analysis method, the findings indicate that where the husband has been imprisoned, dissolution of marriage is allowed based on the ground of protecting the interest of the spouse, as well as an appraisal to the Islamic principle of repulsion of harm.
High-Resolution NMR and Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy of Port Wine (2004)

The use of high-resolution NMR and high-resolution diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) for the characterization of selected Port wine samples of different ages with the aim of identifying changes in composition is described. Conventional 1D and 2D NMR methods enabled the identification of about 35 compounds, including minor components such as some medium-chain alcohols, amino acids, and organic acids. High-resolution (HR) DOSY extended sample characterization, increasing the number of compounds identified and NMR assignments made, by providing information on the relative molecular sizes of the metabolites present. Port wines of different ages were found to differ mainly in their content of (a) organic acids and some amino acids, (b) an unidentified possible disaccharide, and (c) large aromatic species. The relative amount of these last high Mw aromatics is seen to decrease significantly in the oldest wine, as expected from the known formation and precipitation of anthocyanin-based polymers during red wine aging.
Lithium implantation at low temperature in silicon for sharp buried amorphous layer formation and defect engineering (2013)

The crystalline-to-amorphous transformation induced by lithium ion implantation at low temperature has been investigated. The resulting damage structure and its thermal evolution have been studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy channelling (RBS/C) and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Lithium low-fluence implantation at liquid nitrogen temperature is shown to produce a three layers structure: an amorphous layer surrounded by two highly damaged layers. A thermal treatment at 400 °C leads to the formation of a sharp amorphous/crystalline interfacial transition and defect annihilation of the front heavily damaged layer. After 600 °C annealing, complete recrystallization takes place and no extended defects are left. Anomalous recrystallization rate is observed with different motion velocities of the a/c interfaces and is ascribed to lithium acting as a surfactant. Moreover, the sharp buried amorphous layer is shown to be an efficient sink for interstitials impeding interstitial supersaturation and {311} defect formation in case of subsequent neon implantation. This study shows that lithium implantation at liquid nitrogen temperature can be suitable to form a sharp buried amorphous layer with a well-defined crystalline front layer, thus having potential applications for defects engineering in the improvement of post-implantation layers quality and for shallow junction formation.
Automating the identification of insects: a new solution to an old problem (1997)

Abstract In this paper we describe a semi-automated digital image analysis system which is capable of discriminating five closely related species of Ichneumonidae. Specimens were distinguished by differences in their wings. The system functions by (a) extracting the significant variation (principal components) among a training set of images of the same species, (b) using these principal components to efficiently represent the morphology of wings of that species, and (c) exploiting the fact that images of the same species will share characteristic principal components, while images of different species will not. Such an approach allows the construction of modular species classifiers, to which like species correlate strongly, while dissimilar species do not. A recognition accuracy of 94% was achieved when the system was tested on 175 images of wings of the five ichneumonids. The wing images were caricatured to accentuate their venation and pigmentation patterns.
A High Performance InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors Integrated Amplifier Circuit for Capacitance Sensing (2018)

An operational amplifier with indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film-transistors (InGaZnO TFTs) is proposed and investigated. The proposed amplifier features introduction of positive feedback with negative equivalent output resistance for high voltage gain. Biasing conditions for every TFTs and voltage gain are systematically discussed. In addition, influences of threshold voltage shift on both static and dynamic performances are discussed. Comparison results show that the voltage gain can be increased from 40 to 67 dB, and stability of the constant tail-current biasing is better than that of constant voltage biasing method. Further, an oscillating capacitance touch sensing circuit based on the proposed amplifier is shown, and sub-pF touching capacitance can be distinguished. The proposed InGaZnO TFTs integrated amplifier is promising for high performance system on panel designs.
Intake of copper has no effect on cognition in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot phase 2 clinical trial (2008)

Disturbed copper (Cu) homeostasis may be associated with the pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present report, we evaluated the efficacy of oral Cu supplementation in the treatment of AD in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial in patients with mild AD for 12 months. Sixty-eight subjects were randomized. The treatment was well-tolerated. There were however no significant differences in primary outcome measures (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, Cognitive subscale, Mini Mental Status Examination) between the verum [Cu-(II)-orotate-dihydrate; 8 mg Cu daily] and the placebo group. Despite a number of findings supporting the hypothesis of environmental Cu modulating AD, our results demonstrate that oral Cu intake has neither a detrimental nor a promoting effect on the progression of AD.
Rheology - Theory and Application to Biomaterials (2012)

Rheology is science which treats the deformation and flow of materials. The science of rheology is applied to the physics, chemistry, engineering, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, biology and so on. Classical theory of elasticity treats the elastic solid which is accordant to Hooke’s law [1]. The stress is directly proportional to strain in deformations and is not dependent of the rate of strain. On the other hand, that of hydrodynamics treats the viscous liquid which is accordant to Newton’s law [1]. The stress is directly proportional to rate of strain and is not dependent of the strain. However, most of materials have both of elasticity and viscosity, that is, viscoelastic properties. Mainly viscoelastic properties of the polymers are analyzed in rheology. Rheology would have two purposes scientifically. One is to determine relationship among deformation, stress and time, and the other is to determine structure of molecule and relationship between viscoelastic properties and structure of the materials.
Bad Blood (2011)

Editorial| September 01 2011 Bad Blood Rob White Rob White Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Film Quarterly (2011) 65 (1): 4–5. https://doi.org/10.1525/FQ.2011.65.1.04 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Rob White; Bad Blood. Film Quarterly 1 September 2011; 65 (1): 4–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/FQ.2011.65.1.04 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentFilm Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2011 by the Regents of the University of California.2011 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Novel Directional Gradient Descent Searches for Fast Block Motion Estimation (2009)

Search point pattern-based fast block motion estimation algorithms provide significant speedup for motion estimation but usually suffer from being easily trapped in local minima. This may lead to low robustness in prediction accuracy particularly for video sequences with complex motions. This problem is especially serious in one-at-a-time search (OTS) and block-based gradient descent search (BBGDS), which provide very high speedup ratio. A multipath search using more than one search path has been proposed to improve the robustness of BBGDS but the computational requirement is much increased. To tackle this drawback, a novel directional gradient descent search (DGDS) algorithm using multiple OTSs and gradient descent searches on the error surface in eight directions is proposed in this letter. The search point patterns in each stage depend on the minima found in these eight directions, and thus the global minimum can be traced more efficiently. In addition, a fast version of the DGDS (FDGDS) algorithm is also described to further improve the speed of DGDS. Experimental results show that DGDS reduces computation load significantly compared with the well-known fast block motion estimation algorithms. Moreover, FDGDS can achieve faster speedup compared with the UMHexagonS algorithm in H.264/AVC implementation while maintaining very similar rate-distortion performance.
ISOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE FILM AND FIBER STRUCTURES FOR OPTICAL LIMITING APPLICATION (1993)

The principal optical nonlinearities of isotropic liquid crystals are reviewed, and their potentials for all-optical limiting and switching applications are assessed. Our dynamic grating studies of a class of isotropic liquid crystals show that, in the nanosecond and longer time scales, the principal mechanisms for nonlinearities are laser induced ordering (molecular orientations), thermal and density fluctuations. We report optical limiting results obtained with bulk thin film and optical fiber fabricated from these isotropic crystals.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Injections in Dystonia (2013)

Local chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections to relax abnormally contracting muscles has been shown to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment in a variety of movement disorders and other neurological and non-neurological disorders. Despite almost 30 years of therapeutic use, there are only few studies of patients treated with BoNT injections over long period of time. These published data clearly support the conclusion that BoNT not only provides safe and effective symptomatic relief of dystonia but also long-term benefit and possibly even favorably modifying the natural history of this disease. The adverse events associated with chronic, periodic exposure to BoNT injections are generally minor and self-limiting. With the chronic use of BoNT and an expanding list of therapeutic indications, there is a need to carefully examine the existing data on the long-term efficacy and safety of BoNT. In this review we will highlight some of the aspects of long-term effects of BoNT, including efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity.
Noninvasive MR thermometry using paramagnetic lanthanide complexes of 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclodoecane‐α,α′,α″,α‴‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTMA<sup>4–</sup>) (2005)

Noninvasive techniques to monitor temperature have numerous useful biomedical applications. However, MR thermometry techniques based on the chemical shift, relaxation rates, and molecular diffusion rate of the water 1H signal suffer from poor thermal resolution. The feasibility of MR thermometry based on the strong temperature dependence of the hyperfine-shifted 1H signal from the paramagnetic lanthanide complex thulium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (TmDOTA-) was recently demonstrated. The use of paramagnetic lanthanide complexes for MR thermometry can be further enhanced by improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the observed signal. In this study, the use of lanthanide complexes of a methyl-substituted analog of DOTA4-, 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl 1,4,7,10-tetra azacyclodoecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acetate (DOTMA4-) was evaluated. DOTMA4- complexes have 12 magnetically equivalent methyl protons, which provide an intense and sharper resonance compared to the corresponding DOTA- complexes. Experiments with paramagnetic Pr3+, Yb3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, and Tm3+ complexes of DOTMA4- showed that the Tm3+ complex is most favorable for MR thermometery because of the high temperature dependence of its chemical shift and its relatively narrow linewidth. The chemical shift of the methyl 1H signal from TmDOTMA- was approximately 60 times more sensitive to temperature than the water 1H shift and was insensitive to changes in concentration, pH, [Ca2+], or the presence of other ions and macromolecules. The application of TmDOTMA- for measuring temperature in a subcutaneously implanted tumor model was demonstrated. Lastly, the feasibility of obtaining 3D images from the methyl 1H resonance of TmDOTMA- was demonstrated in phantom and live animal experiments. Overall, TmDOTMA- appears to be a promising probe for MR thermometry in vivo.
METABOLIC FLUX ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR GROWTH USING ADDITIONAL ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION DATA (2002)

Metabolic flux analysis of cellular growth is very important for the fe rmentation processes which have a small yield of metabolic products. In this pap er, a new analysis method is developed to calculate the least square solution of the intercellular metabolic flux distribu tion, which successfully combines cellular elemental composition data with cellu lar molecular composition data by incorporating carbon balance and generalized d egree of reduction balance into the calculating process. This method can make th e result more reliable, because it utilizes more measurement data and ensures da ta consistency. It should be mentioned that all results are derived from a simpl ified metabolic network of B.subtilis , which is created by representi ng the complex biomass synthesis network with some precursor requirement rates.
Late Holocene Landform Development and Change of Depositional Areas of Fluvial Sediment in the Central Echigo Plain, Central Japan (2006)

越後平野中部を対象として, 層相や土砂の堆積速度の地域的差異を検討し, 完新世後期における河川供給土砂の堆積場の変化と地形発達を明らかにした. 同地域では縄文海進時に内湾が形成され, 7,000～6,000yrsBPには湾奥部にまで海水の影響が及んだ. 縄文海進高頂期以降, 内湾は縮小と拡大を繰り返しながら, 信濃川の供給土砂によって徐々に埋積された. 土砂の堆積場の中心は, 完新世後期を通じて海側に移行する傾向が認められ, 4,000yrsBP以降には臨海部における土砂の前方付加や砂丘の形成が集中的に進行した. 一方, 堆積場の中心から外れた内陸側の氾濫原においては, 土砂の垂直的な堆積が徐々に進行し, その過程においては河川の洪水による土砂の堆積が少ない1,400～1,000yrsBPの「安定期」と, 土砂の堆積が活発化した1,000～800yrsBPの「堆積期」が認められた. 現在, 西川と中之口川の間の氾濫原にみられる自然堤防群の大半は, 1,000～800yrsBPに生じた河川の洪水による土砂堆積の活発化にともなって形成された.
Possible ways for efficiency improvement of thermoelectric materials (2002)

Various properties which influence zT can be improved by using modern technology for creation special submicron structures inside homogeneous thermoelectrics. Barriers for electrons with /spl epsiv/100 is electron gas in vacuum due to full absence of lattice thermal conductivity. Even after taking into account the losses due to radiation and electrical lead to emitter the thermionic converter can have zT/spl ges/20. In 1992 V. Nemchinsky and I presented to XI Int. Conf. on Thermoelectrics (Arlington, Texas) a paper [1] based on our calculations published in 70-ths in the Russian Confidential Journal on Energy Conversion. We discussed possibility to increase the figure of merit (zT) by introducing into a TE material special barriers for low energy electrons to increase Heltier coefficient (II=/spl alpha/T) that is entropy current accompanying the charge current. But, neither V Nemchinsky nor I could attend ICT92. This year I am in a position to come back to the discussion of the problem: how to increase zT by using new microelectronics technology for goal-directed improvements of homogeneous TE materials?.