gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proof of Concept for X-Ray Backscatter Imaging Tomosynthesis Using Spectral Detection (2017)

This paper describes a proof of concept for X-ray backscatter imaging beyond its common 2D radiograph capabilities by utilizing energy discrimination on detectors in an X-ray backscatter system. This study is a direct improvement over previous works, which required a separate scan for each depth being imaged; the current study achieves depth sensitive images with just a single scan. This technique is applicable to images generated from materials found in both medical and non-destructive testing environments. The system consists of a collimated pencil-beam of radiation surrounded by detectors that measure the fluence of backscattered photons coming from the object under investigation. Since X-ray tubes emit a spectra of radiation and the penetration depth of a photon is energy dependent, detectors using energy discrimination will measure signals generated from different depths within the object. The stochastic radiation transport code MCNP6 was used to simulate and test this concept. The simulated backscatter system used a 5 mm pencil-beam surrounded by four 5 cm diameter detectors, with the photon spectra modeled after a 150 kVp lead target X-ray tube. The system raster scanned over a phantom made of tissue that had the letters U and F embedded 6 cm and 8 cm deep, respectively. The letter U was made of air while the letter F was made of compact bone. The measured signals were discriminated into two energy groups, one consisting of photons less than 90 keV and the other anything above it. The two resulting images clearly proved the depth sensitive imaging capability, with the lower energies detected only showing the letter U, while the higher energies showed both the letters U and F. This technique should easily be applicable to industrial materials, though higher interrogation energies are likely needed.
Determination of optimal conditions for selected adsorbent combinations to recover used frying oils (1999)

Abstract The treatment of frying oils with adsorbents could practically extend the frying life of oils. Combined synthetic adsorbent treatment of used frying oils was studied the first time. The combinations of four commonly used filter aids: Britesorb (Br), Hubersorb 600 (HB), Frypowder (Fr), and Magnesol (Ma) were evaluated for frying oil recovery. AOCS official methods were used to evaluate their adsorptiveness, including free fatty acids (FFA), conjugated diene value, total polar components, oxidative stability index (OSI), and absorbance at 420 nm. The selected combinations HB+Ma+Fr and HB+Ma+Br exhibited consistent high recovery abilities on various used oil samples. A 3, 3, and 2% HB, Ma, and Fr, respectively, for the first combination (F), and 2, 3, and 2% HB, Ma, and Br, respectively, for the second combination (B) were the most effective. The optimal treatment duration was 6–9 min and 3–6 min for combinations F and B, respectively, which reduced FFA by 82.6–87.6%, absorbance by 26.8–32.6%, and Foodoil Sensor readings by 5.6–8.6%. Addition of antioxidant, such as 50 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene and 50 ppm propyl gallate, increased the OSI value by 48.9–80.8%. Such adsorbent combinations may be used in practical operation to extend frying life of frying oils and improve the healthy aspects of used frying oils.
P240Use of IL-10 overexpressing macrophages for targeted anti-inflammatory therapy in humans - benefit of the M2 polarization? (2014)

Purpose: Inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or myocarditis represent therapeutic challenges. Systemic and non-directional immunosuppressive therapy is related with side effects. Macrophages specifically target inflammatory tissues. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. Thus, overexpression of IL-10 in macrophages could result in a targeted and highly efficient therapeutic effect. We already could apply this therapy successfully in a murine model of autoimmune myocarditis. Now this approach should be transferred to human macrophages. Methods: Human macrophages were isolated from buffy coats. Using magnetically labelled antibodies against CD3, CD7, CD16, CD19, CD56, CD123 and Glycophorin A finally CD14-positive cells were negative selected. FACS against CD14 and CD16 characterized the target cells. After 7 days in culture (RPMI 1640, 20% FCS; M1: 200 U/ml GM-CSF; M2: 100 ng/ml M-CSF) cells differentiated to macrophages. M1 polarization was induced by culture in RPMI 1640, 5% FCS, 100 ng/ml LPS and 20 ng/ml interferon-gamma. M2 polarization was induced by RPMI 1640, 5% FCS and 20 ng/ml IL-4. mRNA-nucleofection was used for overexpression of IL-10. Production of IL-10, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were detected in the supernatant by ELISA. Results: Isolated cells were identified as human macrophages. After IL-10 overexpression a significant increase of IL-10 was detected compared with the control (50 pg/ml vs. 220 pg/ml). IL-6 (14 pg/ml vs. 26 pg/ml) and TNF-alpha (18 pg/ml vs. 26 pg/ml) showed a low concentration without relevant differences to the control. The M1 population was characterized by a spontaneous IL-10 concentration of 183 pg/ml. mRNA-nucleofection could not increase this amount significantly (215 pg/ml). Spontaneous expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was high with 630 pg/ml and 1000 pg/ml, respectively. The M2 population presented with a low spontaneous production of IL-10 (51 pg/ml), but concentrations for IL-6 (15 pg/ml) and TNF-alpha (10 pg/ml) were even lower. After overexpression of IL-10 a nearly 10-fold increase of IL-10 was detected (472 pg/ml). Conclusions: M2 polarization of human macrophages is characterized by low inflammatory markers. Here the highest overexpression of IL-10 could be achieved. In contrast the M1 population presents pro-inflammatory with high IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. Here only a low overexpression of IL-10 is possible. As nucleofection is according to the GMP guidelines an in vivo application of this therapeutic approach in humans seems feasible. By use of the M2 polarization anti-inflammatory effects could be increased.
Discovery of MK-8153, a Potent and Selective ROMK Inhibitor and Novel Diuretic/Natriuretic (2021)

A renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK, Kir1.1) is a putative drug target for a novel class of diuretics with potential for treating hypertension and heart failure. Our first disclosed clinical ROMK compound, <b>2</b> (MK-7145), demonstrated robust diuresis, natriuresis, and blood pressure lowering in preclinical models, with reduced urinary potassium excretion compared to the standard of care diuretics. However, <b>2</b> projected to a short human half-life (∼5 h) that could necessitate more frequent than once a day dosing. In addition, a short half-life would confer a high peak-to-trough ratio which could evoke an excessive peak diuretic effect, a common liability associated with loop diuretics such as furosemide. This report describes the discovery of a new ROMK inhibitor <b>22e</b> (MK-8153), with a longer projected human half-life (∼14 h), which should lead to a reduced peak-to-trough ratio, potentially extrapolating to more extended and better tolerated diuretic effects.
Circularly polarized traveling-wave microstrip antenna (2002)

In the proposed antenna, a high-order mode is used in a double-layer structure to facilitate the radiation process while matching the input impedance. The high-order modes become leaky when the propagation constant is less than that of the free-space wave number. The major technical difficulties for the leaky-wave excitation are the input impedance matching and the suppression of the surface modes. A double-layer structure has been proposed by the authors to vary the field strength at the feed location, thus property matching the input impedance. Once the input impedance is chosen for a particular leaky-wave propagation, the surface modes will be automatically suppressed due to the difference between the impedances of the surface and leaky waves. In order to produce a circularly polarized (CP) radiation, the double-layer microstrip structure is made to a circular shape. As the leaky wave propagates along the circular microstrips of a properly designed double-layer antenna, a good CP radiation results over a wide frequency range.
Thrombin proteolysis of purified factor viii procoagulant protein: correlation of activation with generation of a specific polypeptide (1983)

Factor VIII procoagulant protein (VIII:C) purified from commercial factor VIII concentrate contained multiple polypeptides ranging in mol wt from 79,000 to 188,000, all of which were removed from solution by a monoclonal anti-VIII:C antibody specific for a thrombin-sensitive epitope. In a time-course digest of the purified VIII:C using a trace amount of purified human alpha-thrombin, changes occurred in all VIII:C polypeptides during the activation and inactivation of VIII:C activity. The generation and destruction of a mol wt 92,000 polypeptide paralleled the increase and decrease in VIII:C activity, suggesting that this polypeptide represents an activated form. These results provide the basis for a working hypothesis for the mechanism of thrombin activation of VIII:C.
18.3: Dynamic Driving Characteristics of Plasma Tubes Array (2004)

Abstract The plasma tubes array is expected to realize the wall size display. However, as a reflection of our tube designing policy for high luminous efficacy, the basic electrical characteristics of plasma tubes array are different from those of conventional PDPs. Some new driving technologies were developed to make the dynamic driving sequence for conventional PDPs adoptable for this high efficacy plasma tubes array. With these results, a full‐colour 1m by 128 mm tubes array composed of 128 plasma tubes with the luminous efficacy of 3.1 lm/W was developed.
Reconfigurable Topologies for Smarter PV Modules: Simulation, Evaluation and Implementation (2016)

In a reconfigurable PV panel, the connections between groups of cells (cell-strings) can be rearranged in order to increase the overall power output under non-uniform conditions. In a traditional PV panel, current mismatch between the series-connected cells (due to irradiation differences of differential aging) limits the generated power output by either reducing the overall current or by bypassing the substring containing the limiting cells. A reconfigurable panel can respond to such a situation by changing the connections to a more favorable configuration, allowing the majority of the cells to operate at their MPP. This paper elaborates on such a topology and its components (high current switches, wiring). To get a clearer picture of the added value of such a reconfigurable panel, a detailed energy yield analysis was performed which includes the performance of those added components. The simulation model used for this analysis is calibrated with extensive measurement results. A comparison of that model and corresponding measurements will be discussed. The analysis shows that a reconfigurable PV panel can outperform the traditional panels when suboptimal conditions are predominant, as encountered for instance in BIPV. As a demonstration of the principle, a small-scale prototype was created and will be presented in this paper.
Oxygen Substitution for Li–Si–P–S–Cl Solid Electrolytes toward Purified Li<sub>10</sub>GeP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub>-Type Phase with Enhanced Electrochemical Stabilities for All-Solid-State Batteries (2020)

Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3 (LSiPSCl), which exhibits a Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS)-type structure, presents the highest reported Li-ion conductivity for solid electrolytes, but the formation of a secondary phase and a limited electrochemical stability restricts its performance in all-solid-state cells. Herein, oxygen atoms were substituted into LSiPSCl, and a monophasic LGPS-type solid solution was obtained (Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7–zCl0.3Oz, LSiPSClOz; 0 < z ≤ 0.6). Compared with LSiPSCl, the oxygen-substituted sample showed an improved ionic conductivity (7.4 ± 0.2 mS cm–1) for its cold-pressed powder pellet containing both bulk and grain-boundary resistances. This trend is consistent with the bulk conductivities at 298 K (28 ± 3 mS cm–1) estimated from impedance measurements at low temperatures. The electrochemical stabilization effect of oxygen substitution was confirmed by the charge–discharge measurement for an all-solid-state cell using the oxygen-substituted material as a separator electrolyte, which exhibited improved cycling compared to the cell using the nonsubstituted phase. Oxygen substitution in the LGPS-type phase of the Li–Si–P–S–Cl system therefore provides a higher purity and enhances the electrochemical stability of all-solid-state batteries, suggesting that oxygen substitution could lead to stable LGPS-type superionic conductors in the halogen-substituted Li–M–P–S (M = Ge, Si, and Sn) system.
Photodegradable polyethylene (1975)

Abstract Polymer photodegradation can be achieved by introducing carbonyl groups which absorb radiations above the 300 mμ wavelength and thus are sensitized by solar or atmospheric radiations. We introduced these groups in polyethylene by oximation of aliphatic chain with photoactivated NOCI and hydrolysis of the oxime. Modified polymers show, during accelerated aging in Weather‐O‐Meter, a constant molecular weight decrease, which is directly proportional to the concentration of carbonyl groups.
Automated Problem List Generation from Electronic Medical Records in IBM Watson (2015)

Identifying a patient’s important medical problems requires broad and deep medical expertise, as well as significant time to gather all the relevant facts from the patient’s medical record and assess the clinical importance of the facts in reaching the final conclusion. A patient’s medical problem list is by far the most critical information that a physician uses in treatment and care of a patient. In spite of its critical role, its curation, manual or automated, has been an unmet need in clinical practice. We developed a machine learning technique in IBM Watson to automatically generate a patient’s medical problem list. The machine learning model uses lexical and medical features extracted from a patient’s record using NLP techniques. We show that the automated method achieves 70% recall and 67% precision based on the gold standard that medical experts created on a set of deidentified patient records from a major hospital system in the US. To the best of our knowledge this is the first successful machine learning/NLP method of extracting an open-ended patient’s medical problems from an Electronic Medical Record (EMR). This paper also contributes a methodology for assessing accuracy of a medical problem list generation technique.
4-Esters of Trimellitic Anhydride (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-Esters of Trimellitic AnhydrideImre Puskas and Ellis K. FieldsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1970, 9, 3, 403–407Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360035a025https://doi.org/10.1021/i360035a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Progress in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Tissue-Type Imaging of the Prostate Based on Spectrum Analysis and Nonlinear Classifiers. (1999)

Spectrum analysis of radiofrequency (RF) ultrasonic echo signals often can sense tissue differences that are not visible on conventional ultrasonic images. Spectrum-analysis parameter values combined with other variables, such as serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration, can be classified by neural networks to distinguish effectively between cancerous and noncancerous prostate tissues. Images based on neural network classification of spectral parameters and clinical variables can be advantageous for biopsy guidance, staging, and treatment planning and monitoring. A study based on 644 biopsies from 137 patients showed that these methods are significantly superior to B-mode image interpretation for differentiating cancerous from noncancerous prostate tissues. Using the histologic determination of tissue types as the gold standard, the area under the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve for neural network classification based on spectrum analysis and PSA value for the 644 biopsies was 0.87 +/- 0.04, and the ROC curve are for a level-of-suspicion (LOS) assignment based on B-mode imaging was 0.64 +/- 0.04. Color-encoded and gray-scale images derived from neural network assignment of suspicion for cancer at each pixel location showed remarkable detail and suggested potential clinical value for biopsy guidance using real-time two-dimensional (2D) images and staging, treatment planning, and monitoring using three-dimensional (3D) images.
Real time motion generation and control for biped robot -2<sup>nd</sup> report: Running gait pattern generation- (2009)

Bipedal running can easily result in a fall due to poor availability of the ground reaction force at the boundary of the flight and support phases. We propose methods to decompose and synthesize a running gait pattern into vertical, horizontal and rotational components so that time-dependent ground friction limits are satisfied. We also extend previously proposed boundary condition, the divergent component of motion, for switching walking gait patterns into running which involves vertical acceleration of the center of gravity. Using these techniques, running at 10 km/h is achieved on a real robot whose dimension are same as ASIMO.
Experimental Study and Design of a Submerged Membrane Distillation Bioreactor (2008)

Abstract A hybrid process incorporating membrane distillation in a submerged membrane bioreactor operated at elevated temperature is developed and experimentally demonstrated in this article. Since organic particles are rejected by an ‘evaporation’ mechanism, the retention time of non‐volatile soluble and small organics in the submerged membrane distillation bioreactor (MDBR) is independent of the hydraulic retention time (mainly water and volatiles). A high permeate quality can be obtained in the one‐step compact process. The submerged MD modules were designed for both flat‐sheet membranes and tubular membrane configurations. The process performance was preliminarily evaluated by the permeate flux stabilities. The module configuration design and air sparging used in the MDBR process were tested. Flux declines were observed for the thin flat‐sheet hydrophobic membranes. Tubular membrane modules provided more stable permeate fluxes probably due to the turbulent condition generated from air sparging injected inside the tubular membrane bundles. The experiments with the submerged tubular MD module gave stable fluxes of approximately 5 L/m 2 h over 2 weeks at a bioreactor temperature of 56 °C. The total organic carbon in the permeate was consistently lower than 0.7 mg/L for all experiments.
Phase and Microstructure Analysis of Lead Germanate Thin Film Deposited by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1999)

Lead Germanate thin films have been successfully deposited on different electrodes by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system for the first time. Three different phases have been characterized. The single c -axis oriented Pb 5 Ge 3 O 11 phase has been deposited on Ir, Ir/Pt (Pt on top) and Pt electrodes respectively and shows a very uniform surface. A lead rich phase, Pb 3 GeO 5 , also was formed with a polycrystalline structure and large grain size exhibiting a very rough surface. Finally an unknown oxygen and/or lead deficient phase, which is considered here a non-stoichiometric phase of Pb 5 Ge 3 O 11 , appeared with a smaller interplanar spacing of about 9.4 Å compared with 10.68 Å for the Pb 5 Ge 3 O 11 phase. This unknown phase can co-exist with the c -axis oriented Pb 5 Ge 3 O 11 phase and deteriorates its ferroelectric properties. Post deposition annealing in an oxygen or oxygen plus lead ambient can recover the ferroelectric properties of this film.
Automatic mediation of privacy-sensitive resource access in smartphone applications (2013)

Mobile app development best practices suggest that developers obtain opt-in consent from users prior to accessing potentially sensitive information on the phone. We study challenges that mobile application developers have with meeting such requirements, and highlight the promise of using new automated, static analysis-based solutions that identify and insert missing prompts in order to guard otherwise unprotected resource accesses. We find evidence that third-party libraries, incorporated by developers across the mobile industry, may access privacysensitive resources without seeking consent or even against the user’s choice. Based on insights from real examples, we develop the theoretical underpinning of the problem of mediating resource accesses in mobile applications. We design and implement a graphtheoretic algorithm to place mediation prompts that protect every resource access, while avoiding repetitive prompting and prompting in background tasks or third-party libraries. We demonstrate the viability of our approach by analyzing 100 apps, averaging 7.3 MB in size and consisting of dozens of DLLs. Our approach scales well: once an app is represented in the form of a graph, the remaining static analysis takes under a second on average. Overall, our strategy succeeds in about 95 % of all unique cases. 1
Sub-nanometer resolution 300-kV analytical field-emission transmission electron microscope (1996)

This paper discusses the development of a high-performance analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with afield-emission gun. The TEM supports atomic level observation and elemental micro-analysis using a 0.8-nm electron probe with a probe current of 0.5 nA. The microscope has been applied to the analysis ofadvanced devices, which are characterized by nanometer-sized sub-structures. The dependence of bipolar transistor characteristics on thefine structure of the transistors, as well as information concerning the growth mechanism of wire crystals, was confirmed using the TEM.