gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A modular hybrid PSPMT/SiPM depth encoding detector for high resolution positron emission tomography (2015)

PERFORMANCE of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners can be improved by using detectors that can measure depth of interaction (DOI) [1]. Dual ended readout is one of the widely studied methods to measure DOI. In this design two photodetectors are coupled to either end of a crystal or a block of crystals and DOI is estimated using the ratio of signal amplitudes recorded by the two photodetectors [2][3][4][5][6]. A hybrid dual ended readout DOI detector that uses a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) and an Avalanche photo diode (APD) for photodetection was presented in [2]. This prototype was further developed into a modular detector that encapsulates the electronic and mechanical functionality of a gamma detector to a compact self contained unit [7]. The modular detector can be easily integrated into new scanner designs with no changes to the detector itself. This facilitates rapid and cost effective development of application specific PET scanners. Such modules may also be rapidly transferred from one scanner gantry to another. The APD used in [7] requires a bias voltage of over 1800 V. The signal produced by APD is orders of magnitude smaller compared to PSPMT signal and requires extremely high amplification. Moreover, APD signal has to be routed near the body of the PSPMT. Therefore, shielding is required to reduce the interference from PSPMT. To address these shortcoming a modular detector was designed using SiPMs instead of APDs. SiPMs used in this detector requires bias voltages in the range 26V-29.5V and requires simpler amplifier circuitry due to the stronger signals produced.
Sand Mapping Using Multiwavelet Seismic Trace Decomposition and Reconstruction (2006)

Abstract A seismic trace is decomposed into a set of Ricker wavelets of different dominant frequencies and amplitudes. The seismic trace can then be accurately reconstructed with all the wavelets in the set of wavelets. With certain targeted objective in mind, a new seismic trace can be reconstructed with a selected subset of the wavelets. This reconstruction is found very effective in reservoir sand mapping and characterization. Some examples are demonstrated.
Synthesis of menaquinones (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of menaquinonesClinton D. Snyder and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 26, 8046–8054Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00833a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00833a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views775Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Saposin C promotes survival and prevents apoptosis via PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway in prostate cancer cells. (2004)

We postulate that as a mitogenic, survival, and anti-apoptotic factor for prostate cancer cells, saposin C or prosaposin may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis at its early androgen-dependent or metastatic AI state.
Nyquist ghost correction of breast diffusion weighted imaging using referenceless methods (2018)

Referenceless methods provide a robust way to reduce Nyquist ghosts in breast DWI without the need for any additional calibration scan.
Reduced shear stress: A major component in the ability of mammalian tissues to form three‐dimensional assemblies in simulated microgravity (1993)

BHK-21 cells were cultured under various shear stress conditions in an Integrated Rotating-Wall Vessel (IRWV). Shear ranged from 0.5 dyn/cm2 (simulated microgravity) to 0.92 dyn/cm2. Under simulated microgravity conditions, BHK-21 cells complexed into three-dimensional cellular aggregates attaining 6 x 10(6) cells/ml as compared to growth under 0.92 dyn/cm2 conditions. Glucose utilization in simulated microgravity was reduced significantly, and cellular damage at the microcarrier surface was kept to a minimum. Thus, the integrated rotating wall vessel provides a quiescent environment for the culture of mammalian cells.
Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) – Ultrasound (US) Imaging System for Co-registered Intravascular Imaging (2010)

We report on an integrated intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) – ultrasound (US) imaging system. The dual-modality OCT-US probe combines OCT components with an ultrasound transducer, enabling OCT and ultrasound imaging at the same time.
Independently center-fed dipole array (2005)

We propose a new antenna-array concept, called an independently center-fed dipole array (ICDA). Such an antenna array is capable of minimizing the nonlinear phase characteristics inherent to the log-periodic dipole array (LPDA). The characteristics of a two-element ICDA array are analyzed numerically and assessed experimentally. By using the method of moments (MoM) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, we show that the workable frequency range of the ICDA is the sum of the individual elements' bandwidths. In addition, two ICDA arrays are built. The SWR and transmission coefficient S21 are measured, and the same conclusion is derived. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 545–548, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20874
Impedance imaging using interior and exterior measurements (1993)

Diagnosis and treatment of some disease states of the heart can be facilitated with knowledge of the electrical activity and resistivity properties within the heart muscle. A method of obtaining such information is through the use of electrical impedance tomography. Impedance imaging systems apply current patterns to the exterior of an object, measure the resulting voltages, and from these measurements construct an approximation to the spatially varying resistivity of the interior. By placing electrodes on the exterior of the heart or thorax as well as inside one of the heart chambers, using a catheter or by other means, it may be possible to construct images which reflect the resistivity distribution of the heart wall. In this work, we consider a simple model of the heart and thorax where electrodes are situated on both the interior and exterior boundaries of an annulus. The optimal current patterns to be applied are determined for the case of a homogeneous resistivity distribution and for the case of a single inhomogeneous layer. The question of the measurement precision required to distinguish between a homogeneous resistivity distribution and an inhomogeneous resistivity distribution is also discussed.
Plant compounds that induce polychlorinated biphenyl biodegradation by Arthrobacter sp. strain B1B (1997)

Plant compounds that induced Arthrobacter sp. strain B1B to cometabolize polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were identified by a screening assay based on the formation of a 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl ring fission product. A chemical component of spearmint (Mentha spicata), l-carvone, induced Arthrobacter sp. strain B1B to cometabolize Aroclor 1242, resulting in significant degradation of 26 peaks in the mixture, including selected tetra- and pentachlorobiphenyls. Evidence for PCB biodegradation included peak disappearance, formation of a phenylhexdienoate ring fission product, and chlorobenzoate accumulation in the culture supernatant. Carvone was not utilized as a growth substrate and was toxic at concentrations of greater than 500 mg liter-1. Several compounds structurally related to l-carvone, including limonene, p-cymene, and isoprene, also induced cometabolism of PCBs by Arthrobacter sp. strain B1B. A structure-activity analysis showed that chemicals with an unsaturated p-menthane structural motif promoted the strongest cometabolism activity. These data suggest that certain plant-derived terpenoids may be useful for promoting enhanced rates of PCB biodegradation by soil bacteria.
Pixel placement correction in polygonal scanners (1984)

Two major sources of pixel placement error in a flying spot laser scanner are Motor Hunt and Polygon Signature, both of which are caused by a variation in the scan velocity of the spot. Since the incremental change in frequency needed to correct scan velocity variation may be very small, a highly accurate method is required to both measure the facet-dependent velocity differences and correct them. An all-digital system which has the required high accuracy has been successfully demonstrated for the correction of these effects. The system employs a crystal time base and adjusts the frequency of a bit clock by fractional control of its phase. The accuracy of the measurements of the polygon characteristics is augmented by averaging many measurements.
<i>TMPRSS2-ETS</i> fusion prostate cancer: biological and clinical implications (2007)

Commentary on the paper by Rajput et al (see page 1238)
Dynamics of Coalescence-Induced Jumping Water Droplets (2013)

This fluid dynamics video shows the different interaction mechanisms of coalescence-induced droplet jumping during condensation on a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface. High speed imaging was used to show jumping behavior on superhydrophobic copper oxide and carbon nanotube surfaces. Videos demonstrating multi-jumping droplets, jumping droplet return to the surface, and droplet-droplet electrostatic repulsions were analyzed. Experiments using external electric fields in conjunction with high speed imaging in a custom built experimental chamber were used to show that all coalescence-induced jumping droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces become positively charged upon leaving the surface, which is detailed in the video.
Digital-controlled power factor corrector with transition current mode control without zero current detection (2009)

It is well known that transition current mode control for power factor corrector can reduce the reversal recovery loss for the diode. This method can be realized using discrete control integrated circuit which requires zero-crossing detection circuit. In this paper, a novel control technique for digital-controlled power factor corrector to achieve transition current mode control is proposed. The switching period to retain zero current switching is predicted and the turn-on period is determined by the voltage controller. Experimental results derived from a DSP-based controller are presented for confirmation. The power factor corrector is with 100 V/AC input and 400 V/DC output. Its power rating is 250 W. Experimental results show that the power factor is higher than 0.98, efficiency is greater than 94% and current total harmonics distortion (THDi) is smaller than 4% under full load condition and confirms the above-mentioned claims very well.
Polarization characteristics of mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope (1994)

A mode locked fiber laser gyroscope (MLFLG) [1] has a laser cavity formed with a fiber amplifier with a planar mirror at one end and a Sagnac loop interferometer at the other end, as shown in figure 1. The Sagnac interferometer functions as a loop mirror, and a phase modulator in the interferometer is used to modulate the reflectivity of the loop mirror.
Metal nanoshells: a novel substrate for immunoassays (2001)

Summary form only given. Metal nanoshells are a novel class of nanoparticles with unique optical properties, including a tunable optical absorption and substantial enhancement of Raman scattering. Conventional roughened metal SERS substrates demonstrate optimal SERS enhancement at a single wavelength due to their fixed plasmon resonance. Metal nanoshells, however, possess a tunable plasmon resonance-permitting SERS in the Near-IR "water window" of 800-1300 nm, where deep optical penetration into biological samples should permit retrieval of Raman signals across tissue boundaries. This study examines the use of metal nanoshells as a substrate for the rapid, solution-based optical detection of analytes in complex biological solutions such as whole blood, using near-IR surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Volatile Constituents in Oil from Different Plant Parts of Methyl Eugenol-Rich<i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i>L.f. (syn.<i>O. sanctum</i>L.) Grown in South India (2005)

Abstract Ocimum tenuiflorum L.f. (syn. O. sanctum L.) (Lamiaceae) is an indigenous ayurvedic medicinal plant of India and is popularly known as holy basil/sacred basil. Oils obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves, stems, inflorescence and whole herb were analyzed by GC and GC/MS and retention indices. Methyl eugenol was the major constituent of all the oils (72.5%, 75.3%, 83.7% and 65.2% in oils from whole herb, leaf, stem and inflorescence, respectively). β-Caryophyllene was the second most dominant constituent and the respective concentration in each oil (5.5%, 6.4%, 2.7% and 12.0%).
An 8Mb 1T1C ferroelectric memory with zero cancellation and micro-granularity redundancy (2006)

New design techniques facilitate a high reliability 1T1C 8Mb ferroelectric random access memory with 0.71u <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell operating at 1.5V on a 130nm 5LM Cu process. Zero cancellation increases the cell interrogation voltage by using a nonswitching ferroelectric capacitor to remove charge from the bit line that compensates the linear charge from the cell capacitor. A micro-granularity redundancy approach preserves high repair probability for up to 128 single bit failures. Trim data is stored in 2T2C configuration rows for redundancy, reference, regulator and control logic adjustment
Recent Advances in MRI of Articular Cartilage (2009)

MRI has great promise as a noninvasive comprehensive tool for cartilage evaluation.
Preparation of Highly Soluble N-Substituted Polyanilines and Their Novel Solvatochromism (1991)

Poly(N-dodecylaniline), poly(N-dodecylaniline-co-aniline) and poly(N-octanoylaniline-co-aniline) were prepared from reduced polyaniline using the elimination reaction of hydrogen halide of 1-bromododecane or octanoyl chloride. They are soluble in several organic solvents. Solvatochromic shifts of spectra of their solutions have been observed and analyzed in terms of various solvent parameters. The linear relationships between the energy of absorption maxima and donor number of solvents or Taft's β parameters have been found. Color changes of solutions are explained by the changes in solute-solvent interactions.
ITLinQ: A New Approach for Spectrum Sharing in Device-to-Device\n Communication Systems (2013)

We consider the problem of spectrum sharing in device-to-device communication\nsystems. Inspired by the recent optimality condition for treating interference\nas noise, we define a new concept of "information-theoretic independent sets"\n(ITIS), which indicates the sets of links for which simultaneous communication\nand treating the interference from each other as noise is\ninformation-theoretically optimal (to within a constant gap). Based on this\nconcept, we develop a new spectrum sharing mechanism, called\n"information-theoretic link scheduling" (ITLinQ), which at each time schedules\nthose links that form an ITIS. We first provide a performance guarantee for\nITLinQ by characterizing the fraction of the capacity region that it can\nachieve in a network with sources and destinations located randomly within a\nfixed area. Furthermore, we demonstrate how ITLinQ can be implemented in a\ndistributed manner, using an initial 2-phase signaling mechanism which provides\nthe required channel state information at all the links. Through numerical\nanalysis, we show that distributed ITLinQ can outperform similar\nstate-of-the-art spectrum sharing mechanisms, such as FlashLinQ, by more than a\n100% of sum-rate gain, while keeping the complexity at the same level. Finally,\nwe discuss a variation of the distributed ITLinQ scheme which can also\nguarantee fairness among the links in the network and numerically evaluate its\nperformance.\n
Vehicle Rollover Detection Index (2009)

Vehicle rollover resistance can be enhanced using differential braking control, rear-wheel steering, front steering control, suspension damping control, or the combination of any of them. In each control action, the controller receives the vehicle dynamics information from various sensors, such as a yaw-velocity sensor, a lateral accelerometer, a roll-velocity sensor (if available), and suspension displacement sensors (if available), and determines a control action to be taken. A balance between controlling vehicle roll motion and vehicle yaw motion needs to be reached to achieve the optimal vehicle response. Therefore, detection of the current and impending vehicle situations, especially pertaining to the vehicle roll, is vital for the quality of control. Various methodologies have been developed in the past to detect vehicle situations that may lead to rollover. Generally, rollover detection is based on roll velocity sensor and roll angle estimation. In most of these methods, thresholds for roll velocity and roll angle are established to detect imminent rollover. Even though roll velocity and roll angle are the two most important elements in vehicle roll motion, they may not be sufficient to timely detect impending rollover. This paper proposes a vehicle rollover detection index that can be used in a control algorithm to enhance vehicle rollover resistance. It uses roll angle and velocity (measured or estimated), yaw velocity, vehicle speed, and lateral acceleration. Further enhancement to the proposed algorithm is then briefly discussed that includes the effect of vehicle lateral load transfer on the detection.
Enhancing Bitumen Flotation with Colloidal Nanoparticles (2015)

In bitumen flotation, ultra-dispersed hydrophilic nanoparticles are found to be capable of stabilizing biwettable ore fines in aqueous phase by adsorbing onto fines surfaces. As a result, fine solids move away from oil/water interfaces reducing slime-coating onto liberated bitumen droplets. It was demonstrated that reduction of slime-coating increases bitumen recovery during flotation of low grade ore by more than 5%. Addition of nanoparticles has no negative effect on froth quality as well as on oil, water and solids separation in naphthenic and paraffinic froth treatment processes. Detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed mechanisms which improve bitumen liberation from mined oil sands in flotation process. Therefore our studies demonstrate that colloidal nanoparticles affect all stages of bitumen extraction process from bitumen separation to clay wettability alteration.
Video Frame Interpolation via Adaptive Convolution (2017)

Video frame interpolation typically involves two steps: motion estimation and pixel synthesis. Such a two-step approach heavily depends on the quality of motion estimation. This paper presents a robust video frame interpolation method that combines these two steps into a single process. Specifically, our method considers pixel synthesis for the interpolated frame as local convolution over two input frames. The convolution kernel captures both the local motion between the input frames and the coefficients for pixel synthesis. Our method employs a deep fully convolutional neural network to estimate a spatially-adaptive convolution kernel for each pixel. This deep neural network can be directly trained end to end using widely available video data without any difficult-to-obtain ground-truth data like optical flow. Our experiments show that the formulation of video interpolation as a single convolution process allows our method to gracefully handle challenges like occlusion, blur, and abrupt brightness change and enables high-quality video frame interpolation.
XPlainer-Eclipse (2006)

The popularity of XML has motivated the development of novel XML processing tools many of which embed the XPath language for XML querying, transformation, constraint specification, etc. XPath developers (as well as less technical users) have access to commercial tools to help them use the language effectively. Example tools include debuggers that return the result of XPath subexpressions visualized in the context of the input XML document.This paper provides a glimpse of the functionality of XPlainer-Eclipse, a novel kind of query understanding and debugging tool that provides visual explanations of why XPath expressions return a specific answer. XPlainer-Eclipse combines editors for visualizing both XML documents and XPath expressions as trees together with the explanation of the answers.
A comparative analysis of face recognition performance with visible and thermal infrared imagery (2003)

We present a comprehensive performance analysis of multiple appearance-based face recognition methodologies, on visible and thermal infrared imagery. We compare algorithms within and between modalities in terms of recognition performance, false alarm rates and requirements to achieve specified performance levels. The effect of illumination conditions on recognition performance is emphasized, as it underlines the relative advantage of radiometrically calibrated thermal imagery for face recognition.
Confocal diffraction phase microscopy of live cells (2008)

We present a new quantitative phase microscopy technique, confocal diffraction phase microscopy, which provides quantitative phase measurements from localized sites on a sample with high sensitivity. The technique combines common-path interferometry with confocal microscopy in a transmission geometry. The capability of the technique for static imaging is demonstrated by imaging polystyrene microspheres and live HT29 cells, while dynamic imaging is demonstrated by quantifying the nanometer scale fluctuations of red blood cell membranes.
Preparation of highly stacked graphene papers via site-selective functionalization of graphene oxide (2013)

Simple and effective preparation methods for highly stacked graphene papers are presented by site-selective functionalization of graphene oxides with di-functional small molecules, 1,4-butandiol and ethylenediamine. It was found that hydroxyl groups of 1,4-butandiol react mostly with edges of graphene oxides, while more reactive amine groups of ethylenediamine can react with carboxylic acid and epoxy groups on both edges and basal planes, which results in the interconnected graphene morphology in aqueous media. The graphene papers fabricated from the functionalized graphene oxide suspensions show a well stacked layer structure with a smaller interlayer distance than that of unmodified graphene oxide papers. Furthermore, high temperature annealing enhances the electrical conductivities of graphene papers fabricated from graphene sheets linked by ethylenediamine as high as 1716 S cm−1, due to the better stacked structure, further graphitization, and N-doping effects.