gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emulsion Polymerization Process for Organically Soluble and Electrically Conducting Polyaniline (1998)

An emulsion process has been developed for the direct synthesis of the emeraldine salt of polyaniline (PANI) that is soluble in organic solvents. The process entails formation of emulsion particles with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 150 nm and consisting of a water-soluble organic solvent (e.g., 2-butoxyethanol), a water-insoluble organic acid (e.g., dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid), aniline, and water. Aniline is protonated by the organic acid to form a salt which partitions into the organic phase. As oxidant (ammonium peroxydisulfate) is added to the reaction mixture, PANI intermediates are formed in the organic phase. As the reaction proceeds, the emulsion flocculates, forming a two-phase system. The reaction features an induction period followed by an exothermic polymerization, at which time soluble PANI forms in the organic phase. The reaction progress is conveniently monitored by temperature, pH, and open circuit potential. When dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (DNNSA) is employed as the organic acid, the resulting product is highly soluble in organic solvents such as xylene and toluene (not a dispersion), has high molecular weight (Mw > 22 000), and forms moderately conductive (10-5 S/cm) films. We have also found that the conductivity of PANI−DNNSA films may be enhanced (up to 5 orders of magnitude) by treating the films with surfactants such as benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) or low-molecular-weight alcohols and ketones such as methanol and acetone. Electron microscopy shows that the conductivity enhancement phenomenon observed upon treatment with surfactants is due to self-assembly of PANI−DNNSA molecules into an interconnected network morphology. In the case of alcohol or ketone treatment the film conductivity is enhanced due to extraction of excess dopant, densification of the polymer, and a concomitant increase in crystallinity.
Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probes for Bioimaging (2012)

Abstract With the extensive use of two‐photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) in the biomedical field, the need for development of fluorescent probes with improved two‐photon fluorescence (2PF) properties has triggered extensive studies in the synthesis of new probes that undergo efficient two‐photon absorption (2PA). In order to provide a more comprehensive comparison of fluorophores for 2PF bioimaging, a figure of merit ( F M ) was developed by normalizing the 2PA action cross‐section, a commonly used parameter for characterizing bioimaging 2PF probes, by the photodecomposition quantum yield. Another important aspect of developing 2PA fluorophores is hydrophilicity. Although hydrophilic fluorophores are generally preferred in 2PFM bioimaging, hydrophobic fluorophores are typically easier to synthesize and purify, and have been used successfully in 2PFM bioimaging. The methodologies of dispersing hydrophobic fluorophores into aqueous media, such as in a DMSO/water mixture, micelles, silica nanoparticles, or forming polymer nanoparticles, are reviewed. The design and synthesis of hydrophilic 2PA fluorophores, achieved by introducing polyethylene glycol (PEG), anionic acid groups, cationic ammonium salt, and PAMAM dendrimers, is presented. Introduction of specificity to target certain biomarkers via labeling of antibodies, DNA, smallbioactive molecules, and peptides, and for the sensing of sepcific cations and pH, is also reviewed.
Perylenamidine‐imide dyes (1995)

Abstract Perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid 3,4‐anhydride‐9,10‐imides are condensed with primary diamines to a number of new basic chromophores with amidine‐imide structures. Lightfast dyes are obtained which exhibit a strong fluorescence in solution. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the title compounds are bathochromically shifted compared to those of the perylene dyes.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Irciniastatin Analogues: Simplification of the Tetrahydropyran Core and the C(11) Substituents (2016)

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of irciniastatin A (1) analogues, achieved by removal of three synthetically challenging structural units, as well as by functional group manipulation of the C(11) substituent of both irciniastatins A and B (1 and 2), has been achieved. To this end, we first designed a convergent synthetic route toward the diminutive analogue (+)-C(8)-desmethoxy-C(11)-deoxy-C(12)-didesmethylirciniastatin (6). Key transformations include an acid-catalyzed 6-exo-tet pyran cyclization, a chiral Lewis acid mediated aldol reaction, and a facile amide union. The absolute configuration of 6 was confirmed via spectroscopic analysis (CD spectrum, HSQC, COSY, and ROESY NMR experiments). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 6 demonstrate that the absence of the three native structural units permits access to analogues possessing cytotoxic activity in the nanomolar range. Second, manipulation of the C(11) position, employing late-stage synthetic intermediates from our irciniastatin syntheses, provides an additional five analogues (7-11). Biological evaluation of these analogues indicates a high functional group tolerance at position C(11).
Integration of NMR with Other Openhole Logs for Improved Formation Evaluation (1998)

Abstract The recently introduced measurement of total porosity from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools can help to identify the hydrocarbon type and to improve the determination of formation total porosity (t) and water saturation (Swt) in combination with other openhole logs. In shaly formations, porosities are difficult to estimate in the presence of hydrocarbons, especially for gas and light oils. Water saturations are even more difficult to estimate because critical parameters such as clay cation exchange capacities per unit pore volume (Qv), formation factors (F) and formation water resistivity (Rw) might not be known. The latter quantities are essential inputs into the Waxman-Smits and Dual-Water model saturation equations. In the typical case of shaly gas bearing formations, both the total porosity corrected for the gas effect and the gas saturation (Sxgas) in the flushed zone can be derived by combining total NMR porosity (TCMR) and density porosity (DPHI). Adding resistivity logs such as Rxo and Rt helps to differentiate between gas and oil. Furthermore, the flushed zone water saturation (Sxot) computed from 1 - Sxgas can be used in many ways. One procedure uses Sxot in conjunction with the Rxo saturation equation to determine Qv or F. Another technique uses Sxot in conjunction with SP to estimate Qv when Rw is known. Yet, another method estimates Qv directly from the NMR short relaxation time part of the T2 distribution and use Sxot in conjunction with SP to estimate Rw. The new interpretation procedure follows the sequential shaly sands approach: first, determine porosity; second, determine shaliness and third, determine saturation. The new procedure improves on the classical method by offering new ways to compute Qv, F and Rw. The methodology is applied to a number of field examples. P. 245
Improved Decoding of Folded Reed-Solomon and Multiplicity Codes (2018)

In this work, we show new and improved error-correcting properties of folded Reed-Solomon codes and multiplicity codes. Both of these families of codes are based on polynomials over finite fields, and both have been the sources of recent advances in coding theory. Folded Reed-Solomon codes were the first explicit constructions of codes known to achieve list-decoding capacity; multivariate multiplicity codes were the first constructions of high-rate locally correctable codes; and univariate multiplicity codes are also known to achieve list-decoding capacity. However, previous analyses of the error-correction properties of these codes did not yield optimal results. In particular, in the list-decoding setting, the guarantees on the list-sizes were polynomial in the block length, rather than constant; and for multivariate multiplicity codes, local list-decoding algorithms could not go beyond the Johnson bound. In this paper, we show that Folded Reed-Solomon codes and multiplicity codes are in fact better than previously known in the context of list decoding and local list-decoding. More precisely, we first show that Folded RS codes achieve list-decoding capacity with constant list sizes, independent of the block length; and that high-rate univariate multiplicity codes can also be list-recovered with constant list sizes. Using our result on univariate multiplicity codes, we show that multivariate multiplicity codes are high-rate, locally list-recoverable codes. Finally, we show how to combine the above results with standard tools to obtain capacity achieving locally list decodable codes with query complexity significantly lower than was known before.
<i>Myrothecium verrucaria</i>isolates and formulations as bioherbicide agents for kudzu (2007)

Abstract The fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) has previously been shown to have potential as a bioherbicide for kudzu (Pueraria lobata) control. It has also been shown that MV wild-type (MV-wt) often forms sectors, when grown on various nutrient media. Experiments compared MV-wt and MV sector efficacy when grown on agar or on rice grains. In greenhouse evaluations of sectors, applied as foliar sprays in water or in other formulations (corn oil, surfactant, and corn oil plus surfactant) for efficacy against kudzu seedlings, some sectors possessed bioherbicidal activity equal that of MV-wt, but others exhibited lower activity. Without a dew period, aqueous formulations of MV-wt, a yellow sector, and a white sector provided zero control, but all three isolates were active without a dew period when formulated in corn oil, Silwet L-77 surfactant, and in surfactant plus corn oil. Generally, the yellow sector was less effective than the other two isolates in any formulations, and the MV-wt and white sector provided approximately 100% mortality of the test plants. Dew (10 h) increased weed control to 100, 33, and 65%, respectively, for MV-wt, the yellow sector and the white sector. All isolates provided nearly 100% control in the oil and surfactant formulations with a dew period compared to treatments receiving no dew. Soil incorporation studies were also performed to compare MV-wt efficacy of preparations grown on agar versus growth on rice grains. Higher efficacies (1.75–3.3-fold increase) were obtained from rice grain preparations compared to preparations grown on agar, when preparations were incorporated at several rates into soil prior to planting. Cell-free extracts of the MV-rice cultures were also phytotoxic to kudzu seedlings up to the eight- to 10-leaf growth stage. Thus, formulation, growth media, and the application method are important determinants in the efficacy of MV and MV sectors on kudzu seedlings.
Alternately perpendicular polarisation in chequer-patternmatrix arrays ofVCSELs (1995)

An 8 × 8 chequered-pattern matrix array of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with alternately perpendicular polarisation was monolithically fabricated. It consisted of 64 VCSELs with 6 × 4 µm2 rectangular post structures placed alternately perpendicular to each other, that is, they were placed alternately parallel and orthogonal to the 〈110〉 direction. The polarisation angle deviations of the two directions were only 4.1° and 2.9°, respectively. These results indicate that an arbitrarily-regulated-polarisation monolithic laser array can be obtained regardless of the wafer orientation.
Compression of facsimile graphics for transmission over digital mobile satellite circuits (2002)

A technique for reducing the transmission requirements of facsimile images while maintaining high intelligibility in mobile communications environments is described. The algorithms developed are capable of achieving a compression of approximately 32 to 1. The technique focuses on the implementation of a low-cost interface unit suitable for facsimile communication between low-power mobile stations and fixed stations for both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint transmissions. This interface may be colocated with the transmitting facsimile terminals. The technique was implemented and tested by intercepting facsimile documents in a store-and-forward mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multihop Backhaul Compression for the Uplink of Cloud Radio Access\n Networks (2013)

In cloud radio access networks (C-RANs), the baseband processing of the radio\nunits (RUs) is migrated to remote control units (CUs). This is made possible by\na network of backhaul links that connects RUs and CUs and that carries\ncompressed baseband signals. While prior work has focused mostly on single-hop\nbackhaul networks, this paper investigates efficient backhaul compression\nstrategies for the uplink of C-RANs with a general multihop backhaul topology.\nA baseline multiplex-and-forward (MF) scheme is first studied in which each RU\nforwards the bit streams received from the connected RUs without any\nprocessing. It is observed that this strategy may cause significant performance\ndegradation in the presence of a dense deployment of RUs with a well connected\nbackhaul network. To obviate this problem, a scheme is proposed in which each\nRU decompresses the received bit streams and performs linear in-network\nprocessing of the decompressed signals. For both the MF and the\ndecompress-process-and-recompress (DPR) backhaul schemes, the optimal design is\naddressed with the aim of maximizing the sum-rate under the backhaul capacity\nconstraints. Recognizing the significant demands of the optimal solution of the\nDPR scheme in terms of channel state information (CSI) at the RUs,\ndecentralized optimization algorithms are proposed under the assumption of\nlimited CSI at the RUs. Numerical results are provided to compare the\nperformance of the MF and DPR schemes, highlighting the potential advantage of\nin-network processing and the impact of CSI limitations.\n
TOD-BERT: Pre-trained Natural Language Understanding for Task-Oriented Dialogue (2020)

The underlying difference of linguistic patterns between general text and task-oriented dialogue makes existing pre-trained language models less useful in practice. In this work, we unify nine human-human and multi-turn task-oriented dialogue datasets for language modeling. To better model dialogue behavior during pre-training, we incorporate user and system tokens into the masked language modeling. We propose a contrastive objective function to simulate the response selection task. Our pre-trained task-oriented dialogue BERT (TOD-BERT) outperforms strong baselines like BERT on four downstream taskoriented dialogue applications, including intention recognition, dialogue state tracking, dialogue act prediction, and response selection. We also show that TOD-BERT has a stronger few-shot ability that can mitigate the data scarcity problem for task-oriented dialogue.
Transition test generation using replicate-and-reduce transform for scan-based designs (2003)

In this paper, we presented a new transition ATPG methodology flow for scan-based design using broad-side test format. A replicate and reduce (RR) circuit transform is introduced, which maps the two time frame processing of transition fault ATPG to a single time frame processing on duplicated iterative blocks with reduced connection. A complete ATPG methodology flow is proposed to generate high coverage transition test patterns both fast and efficiently. Experimentation results on several circuits from next generation Motorola microprocessor design are presented to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Indoor Person Identification through Footstep Induced Structural Vibration (2015)

Person identification is crucial in various smart building applications, including customer behavior analysis, patient monitoring, etc. Prior works on person identification mainly focused on access control related applications. They achieve identification by sensing certain biometrics with specific sensors. However, these methods and apparatuses can be intrusive and not scalable because of instrumentation and sensing limitations.
An algorithm based on graph theory for the assembly of contigs in physical mapping of DNA (1994)

An algorithm is described for mapping DNA contigs based on an interval graph (IG) representation. In general terms, the input to the algorithm is a set of binary overlapping relations among finite intervals spread along a real line, from which the algorithm generates sets of ordered overlapping fragments spanning that line. The implications of a more general case of the IG, called a probe interval graph (PIG), in which only a subset of cosmids are used as probes, are also discussed. In the specific case of cosmids hybridizing to regions of a YAC, the algorithm takes cross-hybridization information using the cosmids as probes, and orders them along the YAC; if gaps exist due to insufficient coverage of cosmid contigs along the length of the YAC, repetitive use of the algorithm generates sets of ordered overlapping fragments. Both the IG and the PIG can expose problems caused by false overlaps, such as hybridizations due to repetitive elements. The algorithm, has been coded in C; CPU time is essentially linear with respect to the number of cosmids analyzed. Results are presented for the application of a PIG to cosmid contig assembly along a human chromosome 13-specific YAC. An alignment of 67 cosmids spanning a YAC took 0.28 seconds of CPU time on a Convex 220 computer.
Recent Developments in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) (1996)

Properties and applications of newly developed homogeneous Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization catalysts as well as Photo-induced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization catalysts are discussed. In contrast to well-defined, one-component metal-carbene catalysts, the aqueous ROMP with simple RuII salts is a chain reaction and not a living polymerization. One-component Photo-ROMP initiators were developed with good thermal latency and are either based on early-transition-metal alkyl complexes or on [Ru(arene)2]2+ complexes. Mechanistic aspects of the photochemically induced solvation of RuII complexes are presented.
Flexible transparent electrode (2011)

This paper presents the properties of the EclipseTEC<sup>TM</sup> transparent conductor. EclipseTEC<sup>TM</sup> is a room temperature deposited nanostructured thin film coating system comprised of metal-oxide semiconductor elements. The system possesses metal-like conductivity and glass-like transparency in the visible region. These highly conductive TEC films exhibit high shielding efficiency (35dB at 1 to 100GHz). EclipseTEC<sup>TM</sup> can be deposited on rigid or flexible substrates. For example, EclipseTEC<sup>TM</sup> deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is extremely flexible that can be rolled around a 9mm diameter cylinder with little or no reduction in electrical conductivity and that can assume pre-extension states after an applied stress is relieved. The TEC is colorless and has been tailored to have high visible transmittance which matches the eye sensitivity curve and allows the viewing of true background colors through the coating. EclipseTEC<sup>TM</sup> is flexible, durable and can be tailored at the interface for applications such as electron- or hole-injecting OLED electrodes as well as electrodes in flexible displays. Tunable work function and optical design flexibility also make EclipseTEC<sup>TM</sup> well-suited as a candidate for grid electrode replacement in next-generation photovoltaic cells.
SilkRoute (2002)

XML is the "lingua franca" for data exchange between interenterprise applications. In this work, we describe SilkRoute, a framework for publishing relational data in XML. In SilkRoute, relational data is published in three steps: the relational tables are presented to the database administrator in a canonical XML view; the database administrator defines in the XQuery query language a public, virtual XML view over the canonical XML view; and an application formulates an XQuery query over the public view. SilkRoute composes the application query with the public-view query, translates the result into SQL, executes this on the relational engine, and assembles the resulting tuple streams into an XML document. This work makes some key contributions to XML query processing. First, it describes an algorithm that translates an XQuery expression into SQL. The translation depends on a query representation that separates the structure of the output XML document from the computation that produces the document's content. The second contribution addresses the optimization problem of how to decompose an XML view over a relational database into an optimal set of SQL queries. We define formally the optimization problem, describe the search space, and propose a greedy, cost-based optimization algorithm, which obtains its cost estimates from the relational engine. Experiments confirm that the algorithm produces queries that are nearly optimal.
Abstract 14268: MiR-133 Modulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switch in vitro and in vivo (2010)

Background: MicroRNA (mi-R)-1 and -133 are involved in various cardiovascular processes such as cardiac differentiation, development, hypertrophy and proliferation. However, the role of miR-1 and m...
Managing responsiveness of virtual desktops using passive monitoring (2009)

Desktop virtualization is a new computing approach to application delivery and management. It leverages OS virtualization and remoting protocols to provide users with remote access to virtual machines running in a centralized data center. It promises significant benefits in terms of improved data security, reduced management complexity, and more efficient and flexible resource usage. However, it brings a lot of management challenges typical for centralized systems, with performance and quality of service management being one of the most important. This paper proposes a management algorithm suitable for efficient resource allocation in virtualized desktop environments and takes application performance QoS features into consideration. It proposes a novel, non-intrusive method for application and remoting protocol agnostic desktop responsiveness monitoring. Moreover, it is based on studies of desktop workload usage which enabled us to discover and leverage workload patterns that can lead to increased efficiency both in terms of desktop responsiveness and resource usage. We have prototyped the system and discuss several case studies validating the approach and illustrating the most important features of the solution.