gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral administration of anti‐sPLA2‐IB antibodies reduces sepsis mortality in murine endotoxemia (2013)

Annually 750,000 people develop severe sepsis and 215,000 die at a cost of more than $28 billion. Evidence suggests sepsis progresses when bacteria translocate across a compromised intestinal epithelial barrier. Secretory intestinal phospholipase (sPLA 2 ‐IB) may play an important role in regulation of gutmediated inflammation. The objective of this study was to demonstrate reduced sepsis mortality by oral administration of antibodies against sPLA 2 ‐IB. We made peptide antibodies to ten 8 amino acid sequences of the sPLA 2 ‐IB molecule and tested their efficacy in inhibiting sPLA 2 enzyme activity and in reducing endotoxin (LPS) induced TNF production in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro . Three antibodies inhibited sPLA 2 activity and four antibodies decreased LPS induced TNFα by more than 50%. We orally administered these antibodies to female Balb/c mice given 10mg/kg LPS. Mice fed antibody that inhibited TNF (anti‐ TYSYSCSG) had 100% endotoxin‐induced mortality while antibody that inhibited PLA2 activity (anti‐VPYNKEYK) had 0% mortality and mice receiving no oral antibody had 45% mortality. Antibody #6 is so specific that changing the primary sequence target by 4 amino acids in either the amino or carboxyl direction makes it ineffective. In summary, oral administration of an antibody that inhibits sPLA 2 ‐IB enzyme activity prevents sepsis related mortality caused by endotoxemia. Research supported by a Draper Technology Innovation Fund Grant.
SURVNET, a Prototype Survivable Local Area Network (1983)

MITRE is investigating the use of a multiple-bus local area network architecture for making tactical command and control systems more survivable and has developed an experimental survivable network, SURVNET. The network consists of several bus segments, adaptively interconnected by microprocessors that can detect bus faults and automatically enable paths around them. Fault detection and reconfiguration algorithms exercised in the microprocessors control reconfiguration. The bus access method is an adaptation of the draft IEEE Standard 802.4 token-passing protocol. This paper describes the architecture, the algorithms, and the experimental network.
Dynamic measurement of the corneal tear film with a Twyman-Green interferometer (2015)

An interferometer for measuring dynamic properties of the in vivo tear film on the human cornea has been developed. The system is a near-infrared instantaneous phase-shifting Twyman-Green interferometer. The laser source is a 785 nm solid-state laser, and the system has been carefully designed and calibrated to ensure that the system operates at eye-safe levels. Measurements are made over a 6 mm diameter on the cornea.Successive frames of interferometric height measurements are combined to produce movies showing both the quantitative and qualitative changes in the topography of the tear film surface and structure. To date, measurement periods of up to 120 s at 28.6 frames per second have been obtained. Several human subjects have been examined using this system, demonstrating a surface height resolution of 25 nm and spatial resolution of 6 μm. Examples of features that have been observed in these preliminary studies of the tear film include postblink disruption, evolution, and stabilization of the tear film; tear film artifacts generated by blinking; tear film evaporation and breakup; and the propagation of foreign objects in the tear film. This paper discusses the interferometer design and presents results from in vivo measurements.
A framework for real-time near-optimal train run-curve computation with dynamic travel time and speed limits (2015)

This paper studies the problem to generate the most energy efficient run-curves subject to given travel time requirements. The target is to provide a train with the ability to quickly adjust its run curve according to different travel time requirements and speed limits along the track before departing a terminal. Using a train model considering train length, varying track gradient and speed limit profile, the optimal run-curve problem is formulated into a bi-criteria optimization problem that minimizes weighted energy consumption and weighted travel time. By selecting appropriate weight values, the optimization problem would generate a run-curve with near-optimal energy consumption. We propose a two stage procedure framework, which includes an off-line stage and a real-time stage. A series of geometric relation between weight in the objective function and travel time are derived. The actual run-curves are generated in the real-time stage using approximate dynamic programming. For the first time, a framework provides trains with the ability to fast response to dynamic travel time requirement using complex physical models.
Immune Modulation and Stereotactic Radiation: Improving Local and Abscopal Responses (2013)

New and innovative treatment strategies for cancer patients in the fields of immunotherapy and radiotherapy are rapidly developing in parallel. Among the most promising preclinical treatment approaches is combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy where early data suggest synergistic effects in several tumor model systems. These studies demonstrate that radiation combined with immunotherapy can result in superior efficacy for local tumor control. More alluring is the emergence of data suggesting an equally profound systemic response also known as "abscopal" effects with the combination of radiation and certain immunotherapies. Studies addressing optimal radiation dose, fractionation, and modality to be used in combination with immunotherapy still require further exploration. However, recent anecdotal clinical reports combining stereotactic or hypofractionated radiation regimens with immunotherapy have resulted in dramatic sustained clinical responses, both local and abscopal. Technologic advances in clinical radiation therapy has made it possible to deliver hypofractionated regimens anywhere in the body using stereotactic radiation techniques, facilitating further clinical investigations. Thus, stereotactic radiation in combination with immunotherapy agents represents an exciting and potentially fruitful new space for improving cancer therapeutic responses.
Detection and Correction of Lip-Sync Errors Using Audio and Video Fingerprints (2009)

A method for measuring and maintaining time synchronization between an audio and video stream is described. Audio and video fingerprints are used to create a combined audio/video synchronization signature (A/V Sync Signature) at a known reference point. This signature is used at later points to measure audio/video timing synchronization relative to the reference point. This method may be used, for example, to automatically detect and correct audio/video synchronization (i.e. lip-sync) errors in broadcast systems and other applications. — Advantages of the method described over other existing methods include that it does not require modification of the audio or video signals, it can respond to dynamically changing synchronization errors, and it is designed to be robust to modifications of the audio/video signals. — While the system requires data to be conveyed to the detection point, this data does not need to be synchronized with, or directly attached to, the audio or video streams. As this method uses fingerprints it also enables other fingerprinting applications within systems, such as content identification and verification. In addition, it may be used to maintain synchronization of other metadata associated with audio/video streams.
Immune capture and detection of Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in urine, blood, or tissues from infected ticks, mice, dogs, and humans (1991)

Current biological and serological techniques for demonstrating infections by Borrelia burgdorferi can be inconclusive. In order to monitor Lyme borreliosis, we developed a rapid and sensitive assay for B. burgdorferi antigens in infected hosts. Polyclonal rabbit antisera were raised against membrane vesicles and an 83-kDa vesicle-associated protein band that was purified from in vitro B. burgdorferi cultures. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were recovered from these sera and tested for a species-specific reaction with several geographically diverse Borrelia isolates by immunoblot analysis. Parlodion-coated electron microscope grids were activated with anti-vesicle F(ab')2 fragments and then incubated with confirmed or experimental sources of spirochetal antigens. Such sources included cultured spirochetes; spirochete culture supernatants; samples of urine, blood, or serum from mice, dogs, and humans; triturates of Ixodes ticks; and bladder, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, or brain tissues from infected or control mice. Captured antigens were assayed by immune electron microscopy by using anti-83-kDa IgG antibodies and protein A-colloidal gold conjugates. The results indicated that B. burgdorferi appears to shed surface antigens which are readily detectable in urine, blood, and several organs from infected hosts. Such antigens were detectable in mouse urine at dilutions exceeding 10(-6). Intact spirochetes were frequently observed on grids incubated with blood, spleen, or bladder preparations, and B. burgdorferi was reisolated from the urinary bladders of all experimentally infected mice. These results indicated that B. burgdorferi antigens arise in a variety of host materials. Such antigens can be captured and identified with specific polyclonal antibodies, providing a sensitive assay for monitoring and studying Lyme borreliosis.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Assessment Using Optical Coherence Tomography with Active Optic Nerve Head Tracking (2006)

A retinal-tracking system was successfully developed and integrated into a commercial OCT unit. Tracking OCT improved the consistency of scan registration, but did not influence NFL thickness measurement reproducibility in this small sample study.
Imaging using multimode fibers (2013)

We demonstrate high resolution fluorescent imaging using multimode fibers in conjunction with Digital Phase Conjugation to undo the randomness of the light propagation within the multimode fibers. High-resolution images of stained biological samples are presented.
Sequences around the unnatural base pair in DNA templates for efficient replication (2008)

Unnatural base pairs, compatible with PCR amplification, could potentially increase the versatility of nucleic acids. We recently reported an unnatural base pair, between 7-(2-thienyl)-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (denoted by Ds) and 2-nitropyrrole (denoted by Pn), which specifically and efficiently functions in PCR. Toward the efficient incorporation of extra, functional components into DNA fragments, we examined the influence of the sequences around the unnatural base pair and the dependence of the substrate concentrations on the selectivity and efficiency of replication by DNA polymerase.
Self-Adaptive Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity of Metal-Oxide Memristors (2016)

Metal-oxide memristors have emerged as promising candidates for hardware implementation of artificial synapses - the key components of high-performance, analog neuromorphic networks - due to their excellent scaling prospects. Since some advanced cognitive tasks require spiking neuromorphic networks, which explicitly model individual neural pulses ("spikes") in biological neural systems, it is crucial for memristive synapses to support the spike-time-dependent plasticity (STDP). A major challenge for the STDP implementation is that, in contrast to some simplistic models of the plasticity, the elementary change of a synaptic weight in an artificial hardware synapse depends not only on the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic signals, but also on the initial weight (memristor's conductance) value. Here we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, an STDP behavior that ensures self-adaptation of the average memristor conductance, making the plasticity stable, i.e. insensitive to the initial state of the devices. The experiments have been carried out with 200-nm Al2O3/TiO2-x memristors integrated into 12 × 12 crossbars. The experimentally observed self-adaptive STDP behavior has been complemented with numerical modeling of weight dynamics in a simple system with a leaky-integrate-and-fire neuron with a random spike-train input, using a compact model of memristor plasticity, fitted for quantitatively correct description of our memristors.
A novel inert crystal delivery medium for serial femtosecond crystallography (2015)

Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) has opened a new era in crystallo-graphy by permitting nearly damage-free, room-temperature structure determination of challenging proteins such as membrane proteins. In SFX, femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser pulses produce diffraction snapshots from nanocrystals and microcrystals delivered in a liquid jet, which leads to high protein consumption. A slow-moving stream of agarose has been developed as a new crystal delivery medium for SFX. It has low background scattering, is compatible with both soluble and membrane proteins, and can deliver the protein crystals at a wide range of temperatures down to 4°C. Using this crystal-laden agarose stream, the structure of a multi-subunit complex, phycocyanin, was solved to 2.5 Å resolution using 300 µg of microcrystals embedded into the agarose medium post-crystallization. The agarose delivery method reduces protein consumption by at least 100-fold and has the potential to be used for a diverse population of proteins, including membrane protein complexes.
Formation of pH‐Resistant Monodispersed Polymer–Lipid Nanodiscs (2017)

Abstract Polymer lipid nanodiscs are an invaluable system for structural and functional studies of membrane proteins in their near‐native environment. Despite the recent advances in the development and usage of polymer lipid nanodisc systems, lack of control over size and poor tolerance to pH and divalent metal ions are major limitations for further applications. A facile modification of a low‐molecular‐weight styrene maleic acid copolymer is demonstrated to form monodispersed lipid bilayer nanodiscs that show ultra‐stability towards divalent metal ion concentration over a pH range of 2.5 to 10. The macro‐nanodiscs (>20 nm diameter) show magnetic alignment properties that can be exploited for high‐resolution structural studies of membrane proteins and amyloid proteins using solid‐state NMR techniques. The new polymer, SMA‐QA, nanodisc is a robust membrane mimetic tool that offers significant advantages over currently reported nanodisc systems.
Establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line (GF‐1) derived from grouper, <i>Epinephelus coioides</i> (Hamilton): a cell line susceptible to grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV) (1999)

A new continuous cell line (GF‐1) was established and characterized. The GF‐1 cell line, derived from the fin tissue of a grouper, Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton), was maintained in L15 medium containing 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS) at 28 °C, and has been subcultured more than 160 times since 1995. The majority of GF‐1 cells are fibroblast‐like, together with some epithelioid cells. Spontaneous transformation of GF‐1 cells occurred during subculture 50 to subculture 80, and led to an increase of plating efficiency, less requirement of FBS and de novo susceptibility to grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV). Cytopathic effects (CPEs) could be observed in GF‐1 cells 3–5 days post‐infection with pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), hard clam reovirus (HCRV), eel herpes virus Formosa (EHVF) and GNNV. In addition, abundant GNNV particles were found in the cytoplasm of GNNV‐infected GF‐1 cells using electron microscopy and nucleic acids of GNNV virus were detected by polymerase chain reaction in the culture medium of GNNV‐infected cells after CPE appeared. The experimental results indicated that GF‐1 can effectively proliferate fish nodavirus and is a promising tool for studying fish nodavirus.
Antibody to a recombinant merozoite protein epitope identifies horses infected with Babesia equi (1992)

Horses infected with Babesia equi were previously identified by the presence of antibodies reactive with a merozoite surface protein epitope (D. P. Knowles, Jr., L. E. Perryman, L. S. Kappmeyer, and S. G. Hennager. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2056-2058, 1991). The antibodies were detected in a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI ELISA) by using monoclonal antibody 36/133.97, which defines a protein epitope on the merozoite surface. The gene encoding this B. equi merozoite epitope was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant merozoite protein, designated equi merozoite antigen 1 (EMA-1), was evaluated in the CI ELISA. Recombinant EMA-1 bound antibody from the sera of B. equi-infected horses from 18 countries. The antibody response to EMA-1 was then measured in horses experimentally infected with B. equi via transmission by the tick vector Boophilus microplus or by intravenous inoculation. Anti-EMA-1 antibody was detected 7 weeks post-tick exposure and remained, without reexposure to B. equi, for the 33 weeks of the evaluation period. The data indicate that recombinant EMA-1 can be used in the CI ELISA to detect horses infected with B. equi.
Production of H/sub 2/ and CO-containing gases (1983)

Product gas is produced by partial gasification of coke or coal. The coke or coal is admitted in particulate form into a gasification zone where it undergoes partial gasification. The residue of coke or coal is then forwarded into a combustion zone where it is combusted to liberate heat. A gaseous heat carrier is first passed through the combustion zone to become heated therein, is then passed through the gasification zone to sustain the partial gasification process, and is then recirculated into the combustion zone to be reheated.
Transverse oscillations for phased array vector velocity imaging (2010)

Medical ultrasound imaging is widely used to visualize blood flow in the human circulatory system. However, conventional methods are angle dependent. The Transverse Oscillation (TO) method is able to measure the lateral velocity component, and it has been demonstrated in in vivo measurements of superficial blood vessels. To broaden the usability of the method, it should be expanded to a phased array geometry enabling vector velocity imaging of the heart. Therefore, the scan depth has to be increased to 10-15 cm. This paper presents suitable pulse echo fields (PEΓ). Two lines are beamformed in receive to obtain lateral spatial in-phase and quadrature components. The relative mean bias and standard deviation of the lateral velocity component are computed as performance measures. For the PEF, the coefficient of variance, CV, of the spectral frequencies, and the energy ratio, ER, of leakage into negative frequencies are used as metrics to assess estimator performance. At 10 em's depth for an initial setup, the relative mean bias and standard deviation are 9.1% and 9.5%, respectively. At a depth of 15 cm, the values are 20% and 13%, respectively. The PEF metric ER can be used to assess the bias (correlation coefficient, R: -0.76), and therefore predict estimator performance. CV is correlated with the standard deviation (R=0.74). The results demonstrate the potential for using a phased array for vector velocity imaging at larger depths, and potentially for imaging the heart.
Engaged Cutting Edge Effects on Tool-Wear and Tool-Life in Turning Operations Using Grooved Cutting Tools (1997)

Abstract This paper presents a systematic approach to the assessment of tool-wear/tool-life and provides a new relationship between the effective engaged cutting edge and tool-wear in machining with grooved tools. It is found that the tool-wear patterns change with varying cutting edge angles and nose radii; both of which affect the engaged length of the cutting tool. Four different cutting edge angles and nose radii are tested. Tool-life is then validated by a new tool-life equation which includes the operational effects of the cutting edge angle and the tool nose radius.
Time-resolved EPR investigation of charge recombination to a triplet state in a carotene-diporphyrin triad (2006)

Photoinduced charge separation and recombination were investigated in a triad consisting of a carotenoid (C), a tetraarylporphyrin (P) and a tris(heptafluoropropyl)porphyrin (PF), C–P–PF, by means of time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance. The electron transfer process was studied in a glass of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 10 K, in the crystalline phase at 150 K and in the liquid nematic phase of the uniaxial LC E-7 at 295 K, and in the nematic phase of the LC ZLI-1167 at 300 K. In all the different media and in the different phases, the molecular triad undergoes two-step photoinduced electron transfer, with the generation of a long-lived charge-separated state (C•+–P–), and charge recombination to the triplet state, localized in the carotene moiety 3C–P–PF. Low-temperature charge separation and triplet recombination are common features of both fullerene-based and diporphyrin molecular triads, proving that the large delocalized π-electron system of the porphyrin electron acceptor leads to low total reorganization energy and low sensitivity to solvent stabilization of the radical ions in a similar way as for fullerene systems.
Dry Fractionation and Crystallization Kinetics of High‐Oleic High‐Stearic Sunflower Oil (2011)

Abstract Fractionation of fats and oils makes it possible to generate products with specific properties from natural fats that contain a variety of triacylglycerol (TAG) species. High‐oleic high‐stearic (HOHS) sunflower oils contain high levels of saturated fatty acids, mainly stearate, on a high‐oleic background. Accordingly, HOHS oils could be a source of disaturated TAGs appropriate for cocoa butter equivalent formulations. We examined the kinetics of HOHS oil crystallization, paying special attention to the influence of crystal seeding and temperature on the process and the composition of the final fractions. This oil was fractionated at 18 °C, and seeding increased the amount of disaturated TAGs recovered in the precipitate from 23% to up to 30%. The experimental data collected were fitted using the models of Gompertz and Avrami to study how well these models fitted the data and their utility in predicting the progress of crystallization. At seeding additions above 0.25% there was a change in the crystallization mechanism that improved the process of fractionation. The effect of temperature was also studied, showing important increases in the maximum rates of crystallization when fractionations were carried out at lower temperatures. Finally, the melting profiles of the fractions enriched in saturated fatty acids were studied, showing amounts of solids intermediate between the initial oil and cocoa butter.
New test methodology for resistive open defect detection in memory address decoders (2004)

Intra-gate resistive open defects not only cause sequential behaviour in CMOS memory address decoders, but also lead to delay behaviour. This paper evaluates the fault coverage of the resistive open defects in the memory address decoders. It shows that both the strong and the weak open defects are not completely covered by applying the well-known March tests and special test pattern sequences published in the literature. We demonstrate that the fault coverage is increased by varying the duty cycle of the internal clock of the address decoder. For the self-timed memories, we introduce a simple DFT technique to control the duty cycle of the internal clock which activates/deactivates the word lines. Using defect-oriented test, we also created a fault dictionary based on the defect location, transistor types, the terminal name and also the faulty behaviour. The fault dictionary in combination with the bit-map fail data will facilitate the localization of the open defects.