gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pseudopodial Actin Dynamics Control Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Metastatic Cancer Cells (2010)

A key cellular process associated with the invasive or metastatic program in many cancers is the transformation of epithelial cells toward a mesenchymal state, a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition or EMT. Actin-dependent protrusion of cell pseudopodia is a critical element of mesenchymal cell migration and therefore of cancer metastasis. However, whether EMT occurs in human cancers and, in particular, whether it is a prerequisite for tumor cell invasion and metastasis, remains a subject of debate. Microarray and proteomic analysis of actin-rich pseudopodia from six metastatic human tumor cell lines identified 384 mRNAs and 64 proteins common to the pseudopodia of six metastatic human tumor cell lines of various cancer origins leading to the characterization of 19 common pseudopod-specific proteins. Four of these (AHNAK, septin-9, eIF4E, and S100A11) are shown to be essential for pseudopod protrusion and tumor cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of each of these proteins in metastatic cells resulted in reduced actin cytoskeleton dynamics and induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) that could be prevented by the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin-dependent pseudopodial protrusion and tumor cell migration are therefore determinants of EMT. Protein regulators of pseudopodial actin dynamics may represent unique molecular targets to induce MET and thereby inhibit the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
Mechanism of Magnetic Domain Refinement on Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel by Laser Irradiation (2002)

The residual stress distributions near the laser-irradiated line in a crystal grain of an electrical steel sheet were measured by the X-ray stress measurement method for a single crystal, in order to clarify the mechanism of the magnetic domain refinement which can be applied to reduce the core losses. A specimen containing only one grain was cut from a grain-oriented silicon steel, and was irradiated with a laser. The distributions of the residual stresses and those of the half value width (HVW) of the diffraction profile, which indicates the plastic strain level near the laserirradiated line, were measured before and after the stress-relief annealing, and their magnetic domain structures were observed. Before annealing, the HVW was increased near the laser-irradiated line, since the local plastic deformation was induced by the peening effect of the laser irradiation and the process of melting, cooling, and contraction after the laser irradiation. Therefore, the tensile residual stresses were induced near the laser-irradiated line. Next, the magnetic domains were refined more than they were before the laser irradiation. After annealing, the HVW was constant at the initial value, and the residual stresses were relieved. The magnetic domain then returned to its original width. Therefore, it was confirmed that the magnetic domain was refined due to the residual stress induced by the laser irradiation.
Mining stackoverflow for program repair (2018)

In recent years, automatic program repair has been a hot research topic in the software engineering community, and many approaches have been proposed. Although these approaches produce promising results, some researchers criticize that existing approaches are still limited in their repair capability, due to their limited repair templates. Indeed, it is quite difficult to design effective repair templates. An award-wining paper analyzes thousands of manual bug fixes, but summarizes only ten repair templates. Although more bugs are thus repaired, recent studies show such repair templates are still insufficient. We notice that programmers often refer to Stack Overflow, when they repair bugs. With years of accumulation, Stack Overflow has millions of posts that are potentially useful to repair many bugs. The observation motives our work towards mining repair templates from Stack Overflow. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called SOFix, that extracts code samples from Stack Overflow, and mines repair patterns from extracted code samples. Based on our mined repair patterns, we derived 13 repair templates. We implemented these repair templates in SOFix, and conducted evaluations on the widely used benchmark, Defects4J. Our results show that SOFix repaired 23 bugs, which are more than existing approaches. After comparing repaired bugs and templates, we find that SOFix repaired more bugs, since it has more repair templates. In addition, our results also reveal the urgent need for better fault localization techniques.
Three-Dimensional Centimeter-Sized Colloidal Silica Crystals Formed by Addition of Base (2006)

Three-dimensional (3D) centimeter-sized colloidal crystals can be spontaneously formed simply by dropping a NaOH solution (10 mM, approximately 10 microL) into an aqueous dispersion of dilute charged colloidal silica (particle diameter 110 nm, particle volume fraction phi = 0.023, 3-4 mL). The charge number of the silica particle increases with pH. Upon adding the NaOH solution, first, sub-millimeter-sized polycrystals are formed in the upper part of the sample due to charge-induced crystallization. The local phi value in the crystal region becomes nonuniform. The crystals with a high phi value accumulate at the bottom of the cell and then grow upward as columnar crystals. The crystal widths increase discontinuously with the growth, and in some cases, 3D centimeter-sized crystals are formed. The centimeter-sized crystals are also obtainable by the controlled diffusion of the base from its dilute reservoir. The present findings may prove valuable in the fabrication of large 3D single-crystalline photonic materials.
Quantitative analysis of lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation <i>in vitro</i> using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (1999)

Mature T and B lymphocytes respond to receptor-delivered signals received during and following activation. These signals regulate the rates of cell death, growth, differentiation and migration that ultimately establish the behaviour patterns collectively referred to as immune regulation. We have been pursuing the philosophy that in vitro systems of lymphocyte stimulation, when analysed quantitatively, help reveal the logical attributes of lymphocyte behaviour. The development of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) to track division has enabled the variable of division number to be incorporated into these quantitative analyses. Our studies with CFSE have established a fundamental link between differentiation and division number. Isotype switching, expression of T cell cytokines, surface receptor alterations and changes to intracellular signalling components all display independent patterns of change with division number. The stochastic aspects of these changes and the ability of external signals to independently regulate them argue for a probabilistic modelling framework for describing and understanding immune regulation.
CsBi <sub>4</sub> Te <sub>6</sub> : A High-Performance Thermoelectric Material for Low-Temperature Applications (2000)

Thermoelectric (Peltier) heat pumps are capable of refrigerating solid or fluid objects, and unlike conventional vapor compressor systems, they can be miniaturized without loss of efficiency. More efficient thermoelectric materials need to be identified, especially for low-temperature applications in electronics and devices. The material CsBi(4)Te(6) has been synthesized and its properties have been studied. When doped appropriately, it exhibits a high thermoelectric figure of merit below room temperature (ZT(max) approximately 0.8 at 225 kelvin). At cryogenic temperatures, the thermoelectric properties of CsBi(4)Te(6) appear to match or exceed those of Bi(2-x)Sb(x)Te(3-y)Se(y) alloys.
Rejection of the Kidney Allograft (2010)

This review gives an account of our current understanding of the mechanisms of rejection of renal allografts. New immunosuppressive agents show promise, but graft survival beyond 5 years has not improved substantially.
Refocusing cancer multidisciplinary team meetings in the United Kingdom: comparing urology with other specialties (2020)

To facilitate decisions on which patients require discussion in an MDT meeting, factors adding to case complexity across all tumour types were identified, including rare tumour type, cognitive impairment and previous treatment failure. This study confirms that urology MDT members are supportive of changing from reviewing all new cancer diagnoses to discussing complex cases but managing others with a more protocolised pathway. The mechanisms for how to do this and how to ensure the safety of patients require further clarification.
An integrated, optically powered, optoelectronic 'smart' logic pixel for interconnection and computing applications (1993)

An architecture for optoelectronic interconnection and computing applications, based on the concept of supplying local power to several locations on a 2-D array of circuits using optical means, is described. Optical powering has the advantage of supplying power with reduced crosstalk while simplifying the layout complexity of the arrays. The concept is demonstrated using an integrated and optically powered optoelectronic smart logic pixel that operates variously as a thresholding amplifier, bistable switch/latch, and a signal inverter. The mode of operation is set by the intensity of an optical control beam, and the power is supplied by illumination of an integrated photovoltaic cell array. The circuits are integrated in the InGaAs(P) materials system, and have a bandwidth of 40 MHz, a data beam switching energy of 3.8 pJ, and an optoelectronic gain as high as 11. Analysis of circuit operation and fabrication, as well as comparisons with competing technologies for smart pixel interconnections, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expanding Touch Interaction Capabilities for Smart-rings: An Exploration of Continual Slide and Microroll Gestures (2022)

As smart-rings emerge in both research and commercial markets, their limited physical size remains to restrict the interaction potential and input vocabulary possible. Thus, focusing on touch interaction for its natural and preferred input potential, this early work explores the combination of slide and microroll gestures performed by the thumb in continual motion on a smart-ring’s touch capacitive surface. We first capture over 3000 slide and microroll gesture instances, extract features, and generate and test machine learning models that are able to discern the slide and microroll gestures within the same touch instance. Through the use of 18 features, our Random Forest model provides a 92.4% accuracy. We conclude with demonstrations of potential applications utilizing continual slide and microroll gestures, and a short discussion which provides future research directions stemming from the positive results obtained from this preliminary work.
Response of Bipotential Human Marrow Stromal Cells to Insulin-Like Growth Factors: Effect on Binding Protein Production, Proliferation, and Commitment to Osteoblasts and Adipocytes1 (1999)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important regulators of the activity of mature osteoblasts, but their effects on osteoprogenitor cells in human bone marrow stroma are unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of IGFs on a conditionally immortalized human marrow stromal cell line, hMS(3-4), which has the ability to differentiate to either mature osteoblasts or adipocytes. hMS(3-4) cells expressed functional receptors for IGFs as well as specific IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-3, -4, -5, and -6). IGF treatment of hMS(3-4) cells did not alter IGFBP expression, but resulted in distinct posttranslational modifications of secreted IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 proteins. IGF-I, IGF-II, and their receptor-activating analogs significantly increased by 2-fold the proliferation rate of the hMS(3-4) cells, but had a more complex effect on hMS(3-4) cell differentiation. Treatment with IGFs did not affect gene expression of Cbfa1 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (transcription factors involved in commitment to osteoblast and adipocyte pathways, respectively), alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin (markers of the osteoblast lineage), or lipoprotein lipase and adipsin (markers of the adipocyte lineage) and did not change alkaline phosphatase activity or type I collagen and osteocalcin protein relative to total protein production. In contrast, IGFs significantly increased type I collagen expression in differentiated hMS(3-4) cells as well as mature osteoblasts and promoted lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. In summary, hMS(3-4) cells express essential components of the IGF system and respond to IGF treatment with increased proliferation. There was no evidence for IGFs directly modulating the commitment of hMS(3-4) cells to either osteoblast or adipocyte pathways, and their effects on differentiation within these lineages were dependent on the stage of cell maturation.
Transendoscopic Doppler Ultrasound: Usefulness for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Malformations (1988)

Vascular malformations of the GI tract can be treated by thermal methods, including the YAG laser. The diagnosis of these lesions is not always easy, and it is difficult to evaluate the completeness of therapy of these lesions. We investigated the value of Doppler ultrasound in this respect. The TVD-1 (Key Med) transendoscopic vascular detector using the 2.5 mm diameter probe emitting at 7 MHz, was used through standard endoscopes. Outputs were monitored through a loudspeaker, and imaged on an oscilloscope, or recorded on a mingograph. Diagnostic usefulness was studied in 64 vascular lesions, 36 in the colon and 28 in the upper GI tract in ten patients. A Doppler signal was detected in 75% of the lesions, including all lesions larger than 5 mm in diameter. Forty-five lesions in 13 patients were studied before and immediately after laser therapy. Three out of five patients in whom Doppler-positive lesions persisted after laser treatment rebled, as compared with 2 out of 8 patients with Doppler-negativity. Disappearance of the signal, however, may be transient, and is probably due to laser-induced edema. These results suggest that endoscopic Doppler ultrasound may have a role in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular anomalies of the GI tract, and should stimulate further research.
The sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin does not prolong QT interval in a thorough QT (TQT) study (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01195675.
Method to improve optical parametric oscillator beam quality (2023)

A method to improving optical parametric oscillator (OPO) beam quality having an optical pump, which generates a pump beam at a pump frequency greater than a desired signal frequency, a nonlinear optical medium oriented so that a signal wave at the desired signal frequency and a corresponding idler wave are produced when the pump beam (wave) propagates through the nonlinear optical medium, resulting in beam walk off of the signal and idler waves, and an optical cavity which directs the signal wave to repeatedly pass through the nonlinear optical medium, said optical cavity comprising an equivalently even number of non-planar mirrors that produce image rotation on each pass through the nonlinear optical medium. Utilizing beam walk off where the signal wave and said idler wave have nonparallel Poynting vectors in the nonlinear medium and image rotation, a correlation zone of distance equal to approximately .rho.L.sub.crystal is created which, through multiple passes through the nonlinear medium, improves the beam quality of the OPO output.
Eventory -- An Event Based Media Repository (2007)

This paper focuses on the development of an event driven media sharing repository to facilitate community awareness. In this paper, an event refers to a real-world occurrences that unfolds over space and time. Our event model implementation supports creation of events using the standard facets of who, where, when and what. A key novelty in this research lies in the support of arbitrary event-event semantic relationships. We facilitate global as well as personalized event relationships. Each relationship can be unary or binary and can be at multiple granularities. The relationships can exist between events, between media, and between media and events. We have implemented a web based media archive system that allows people to create, explore and mange events. We have implemented an RSS based notification system that promotes awareness of actions. The initial user feedback has been positive and we are in the process of conducting a longitudinal study.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides and Sulfonates (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Against Protein TREM-Like Transcript-1 (TLT-1) (2006)

TREM-like transcript-1 (TLT-1) was initially characterized as the putative inhibitory receptor within the TREM locus on chromosome 6 and was suggested to play a critical role in modulating TREM-associated immunity. Recently, TLT-1 was found not to function as an inhibiting member of the TREM family; however, it may play a significant role in maintaining vascular hemostasis, coagulation, and inflammation at sites of injury through its location in platelets. In this study, we have successfully generated a monoclonal antibody that can be applied to assays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (Becton-Dickinson) (FACS), for the study of TLT-1 functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
The superoxide free radical: its biochemistry and pathophysiology. (1983)

The partial reduction of molecular oxygen in biologic systems produces the cytotoxic intermediates superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. The superoxide radical is now recognized to play significant roles in a number of pathophysiologic states including oxygen toxicity, radiation damage, phagocyte-mediated inflammation, and postischemic injury.
Discussion on fundamental issues of NPR measurements (2003)

This paper investigates the disagreement that exists between noise power ratio (NPR) measurements and a recently published statement that those measurements always underestimate the real nonlinear in-band distortions. A more fundamental approach to settle this discussion is presented. First, it is shown that nonlinear distortions can be split in different contributions, forming the fundamental parts of the NPR or in-band distortions. Next, measurement techniques are presented to obtain these different contributions.
An Introduction to Surfactants (2014)

Surfactants are surface active agents, molecules that have a significant role in emulsions, suspensions, and foams. They find widespread application in personal care, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and the food industry. The main objective of this graduate level textbook is to present an overview of the classification, physical properties, phase behavior, their effects and applications of surfactants, e.g. as emulsifiers, foam stabilizer, in nano- and microemulsions and as wetting agents.
Protamine (1985)

Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Address correspondence to Dr. Horrow, Department of Anesthesia, Hahnemann University, Broad and Vine Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19102. The author thanks Ms. Judy Wyman for document preparation and Dr. Jonathan Mark for constructive criticism of the manuscript. Accepted for publication November 1, 1984.
Ultrafast voltage-contrast scanning probe microscopy (1996)

Although scanning probe microscopy is traditionally limited to slow temporal response, techniques utilizing nonlinear tip-to-sample interactions can be used to capture very fast temporal signals (voltages, in our case). Such SPM-based techniques may deliver unrivaled spatial and temporal resolution. We have developed a scanning force microscope probe for measuring ultrafast voltage signals with picosecond time resolution. Measurements of VLSI and MMIC devices are shown.
Production of Waterproof Composite Magnesia Cement on the Basis of Local Mineral Resources (2015)

The given article contains the research results of the waterproof magnesia cement production on the basis of Kazakhstan mineral resources by the introduction of additives of natural and synthetic wollastonite and calcium hydrosilicate. The input additives promote a considerable consolidation of the magnesia stone’s structure and increasing water resistance coefficient from 0,56 to 0,93. The produced magnesite cement can be used for building of radio-protective constructions, manufacturing plates and panels for internal and external facing of buildings, making seamless floors, garages, car parks, working areas, etc.
Crystal and magnetic structures and their temperature dependence of Co2Z-type hexaferrite (Ba,Sr)3Co2Fe24O41 by high-temperature neutron diffraction (2006)

We have prepared nonoriented and magnetically oriented specimens of Co2Z-type Ba ferrite Ba3Co2Fe24O41 (Ba3Z) and those with Sr2+ substitution for Ba2+, i.e., Ba1.5Sr1.5Co2Fe24O41 (Ba1.5Sr1.5Z) and Sr3Co2Fe24O41 (Sr3Z) with the conventional solid-state reaction method. Permeability measurements of nonoriented specimens have shown that this substitution improves the frequency characteristic of permeability, though the permeability in Sr3Z significantly decreases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetization measurements of magnetically oriented specimens have shown that the magnetic moments of iron and cobalt ions in Ba3Z and Ba1.5Sr1.5Z lie in the c plane, but that those in Sr3Z deviate from the c plane. We have studied the substitution effect of Sr2+ for Ba2+ on the crystal structures and the effective sizes and directions of magnetic moments and their temperature dependences with high-temperature neutron diffraction technique. This substitution induces the change in the distribution of cobalt ions and moment directions of magnetic ions. Magnetic moments in Ba3Z and Ba1.5Sr1.5Z turn to the c axis when temperature rises from 523to573K. However, the moments in Sr3Z turn to the c axis at the lower temperature of 50K. These results were consistent with the present measurements on permeability, XRD, and magnetization. The change in moment direction caused by temperature rise must be attributed to the disappearance of effective moments of cobalt ions in these temperature regions.