gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The vocabulary and grammar of color patterns (2000)

We determine the basic categories and the hierarchy of rules used by humans in judging similarity and matching of color patterns. The categories are: (1) overall color; (2) directionality and orientation; (3) regularity and placement; (4) color purity; (5) complexity and heaviness. These categories form the pattern vocabulary which is governed by the grammar rules. Both the vocabulary and the grammar were obtained as a result of a subjective experiment. Experimental data were interpreted using multidimensional scaling techniques yielding the vocabulary and the hierarchical clustering analysis, yielding the grammar rules. Finally, we give a short overview of the existing techniques that can be used to extract and measure the elements of the vocabulary.
Flow control in Output Buffered Switch with Input Groups (2008)

We have recently proposed a novel architecture called Output Buffered Switch with Input Groups (OBIG) together with a scheduler called Parallel Wrapped Wave Front Arbiter with Fast Scheduler (PWWFA-FS) for building large, fast switches. In this paper we continue this work and tackle the issue of flow control. We show how on/off and credit flow control schemes can be applied in OBIG; we further introduce implicit flow control that does not use any explicit control information. Simulation results show how the proposed flow control schemes perform in our architecture.
AIDE (2019)

In order to use and manage IoT devices, a prerequisite is to onboard them so that they can be initialized and connected to the infrastructure. This requires mapping each physical device with its digital identity. Doing so manually is tedious, error-prone and not scalable. In this paper, we propose AIDE, a mechanism that provides Augmented onboarding of IoT Devices at Ease. AIDE offers a streamlined on-boarding process by automatically associating devices at different locations with their corresponding Received Signal Strength (RSS) profiles, which can be applied to a wide range of wireless technologies such as WiFi, BLE and Zigbee. AIDE does not require additional infrastructure or hardware support, and can work by simply using a COTS smartphone as receiver. The mechanism employs a carefully designed measurement approach and a post-processing algorithm to mitigate multi-path effect and improve measurement accuracy. Preliminary experiments in different indoor environments show that AIDE achieves about 90% on-boarding accuracy when devices are 6 feet away from the measurement point, and 100% accuracy when devices are directly approachable.
Adaptive Preamble Embedding With MIMO to Support User-Defined Functionalities in WLANs (2021)

As the Wi-Fi technology transitions into its sixth generation (Wi-Fi 6), there is a growing consensus on the need to support security and coordination functions at the Physical (PHY) layer. In contrast to the costly approach of extending the PHY-layer header to support new functions (e.g., Spatial Reuse field in the Wi-Fi 6 frame), we propose to turn specific parts of the frame preamble into a reliable data field while maintaining its primary functions. Specifically, in this paper, we develop a scheme called <i>extensible preamble modulation (eP-Mod)</i> for 802.11n/ac/ax protocols that are built on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). For each frame, <i>eP-Mod</i> can embed up to 144 user bits into the 802.11ac preamble of an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 8$</tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$40\;$</tex-math></inline-formula> MHz transmission. The proposed scheme is adaptive to channel conditions and enables several promising PHY-layer services, such as PHY-layer encryption and channel/device authentication, and PHY-layer signaling. At the same time, it allows legacy ( <i>eP-Mod</i> -unaware) devices to continue to process the received preamble as normal by guaranteeing that the proposed preamble waveforms satisfy the structural properties of a standardized preamble. Through numerical analysis, extensive simulations, and hardware experiments, we validate the practicality and reliability of <i>eP-Mod</i> .
Generation of electromagnetic radiation from a rotating electron ring in a rippled magnetic field (1985)

Calculations show that modes resembling the free-electron laser (FEL) instability are excited when electrons move in quasicircular orbits under the combined action of a uniform axial magnetic field and an azimuthally periodic wiggler magnetic field. In the model, a thin annular ring of rotating electrons is confined in a hollow cylindrical waveguide, or between concentric cylinders comprising a coaxial waveguide, and the dispersion equations for the transverse magnetic (TMlm ) modes are derived and analyzed. Coherent radiation occurs near frequencies ω corresponding to the crossing points of the electromagnetic modes ω=ωc(l,m) and the beam modes ω=(l+N)Ω∥, where ωc and Ω∥ are the waveguide cutoff frequency and the electron cyclotron frequency, respectively, and N is the number of wiggler periods.
Variable-Energy Ion Beams For Modification Of Surfaces (1989)

Beam of low-energy negative oxygen ions used to grow layer of silicon dioxide on silicon. Beam unique both in purity, contains no molecular oxygen or other charged species, and in low energy, which is insufficient to damage silicon by physically displacing atoms. Low-energy growth accomplished with help of ion-beam apparatus. Directs electrons into crosswise stream of gas, generating stream of negative ions. Pair of charged plates separates ions from accompanying electrons and diverts ion beam to target - silicon substrate. Diameter of beam at target 0.5 to 0.75 cm. Promises useful device to study oxidation of semiconductors and, in certain applications, to replace conventional oxidation processes.
Morlet Wavelet transformed holograms for numerical adaptive view-based reconstruction (2014)

We provide an efficient method of using Morlet wavelets for transforming a hologram and reconstructing parts of a scene based on the position of viewer by using a sparse set of Morlet transformed coefficients. We provide a design of a Morlet wavelet and explain an efficient discretization method for the application of view-dependent representation systems. Results are provided based on the numerical reconstruction, and it is shown that view- dependent representation along with Morlet wavelets form a good starting step for compressing holographic data for next generation 3DTV applications.
Preparative-Scale Isolation of Four Anthocyanin Components of Black Currant (<i>Ribes nigrum</i>L.) Fruits (2001)

Four anthocyanin components of black currant, delphinidin 3-O-beta-rutinoside (D3R), cyanidin 3-O-beta-rutinoside (C3R), delphinidin 3-O-beta-glucoside (D3G), and cyanidin 3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G), were successfully isolated as crystalline forms on a preparative scale. In this process, selective hydrolysis of the glucosides (D3G and C3G) and rhamnosides (D3R and C3R) was achieved by treatment with beta-glucosidase and hesperidinase (alpha-rhamnosidase), respectively, to improve resolution of anthocyanin components. Especially, selective conversion of the rutinosides into glucosides made the amounts of D3G and C3G increase about 4- and 7-fold, respectively. D3R, C3R, D3G, and C3G were isolated from enzymatic hydrolysates of black currant anthocyanins through Amberlite XAD-7HP absorption followed by preparative HPLC separation, and their crystals were obtained as the flavylium chloride.
PLGA microparticle combination therapy induces a tolerogenic phenotype in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (2016)

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Robust and Efficient Distributed Compression for Cloud Radio Access Networks (2012)

This work studies distributed compression for the uplink of a cloud radio access network where multiple multi-antenna base stations (BSs) are connected to a central unit, also referred to as cloud decoder, via capacity-constrained backhaul links. Since the signals received at different BSs are correlated, distributed source coding strategies are potentially beneficial, and can be implemented via sequential source coding with side information. For the problem of compression with side information, available compression strategies based on the criteria of maximizing the achievable rate or minimizing the mean square error are reviewed first. It is observed that, in either case, each BS requires information about a specific covariance matrix in order to realize the advantage of distributed source coding. Since this covariance matrix depends on the channel realizations corresponding to other BSs, a robust compression method is proposed for a practical scenario in which the information about the covariance available at each BS is imperfect. The problem is formulated using a deterministic worst-case approach, and an algorithm is proposed that achieves a stationary point for the problem. Then, BS selection is addressed with the aim of reducing the number of active BSs, thus enhancing the energy efficiency of the network. An optimization problem is formulated in which compression and BS selection are performed jointly by introducing a sparsity-inducing term into the objective function. An iterative algorithm is proposed that is shown to converge to a locally optimal point. From numerical results, it is observed that the proposed robust compression scheme compensates for a large fraction of the performance loss induced by the imperfect statistical information. Moreover, the proposed BS selection algorithm is seen to perform close to the more complex exhaustive search solution.
Ion trap mass analysis at high pressure: an experimental characterization (2009)

In recent years, it has become increasingly interesting to understand the performance of mass spectrometers at pressures much higher than those employed with conventional operating conditions. This interest has been driven by several influences, including demand for the development of reduced-power miniature mass spectrometers, desire for improved ion transfer into and through mass spectrometers, enhanced-yield preparative mass separations, and mass filtering at the atmospheric pressure interface. In this study, an instrument was configured to allow for the performance characterization of a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) at pressures up to 50 mtorr with air used as the buffer gas. The mass analysis efficiency, mass resolution, isolation efficiency, and collision-induced dissociation (CID) efficiency were evaluated at pressures ranging from 1 to 50 mtorr. The extent of degradation of mass resolution, isolation efficiency and ion stability as functions of pressure were characterized. Also, the optimal resonance ejection conditions were obtained at various pressures. Operations at 50 mtorr demonstrated improved CID efficiency in addition to peak widths of 2 and 5 m/z units (full width at half-maximum, FWHM) for protonated caffeine (m/z 195) and Ultramark (m/z 1521) respectively.
Development and Prototype Testing of an Agricultural Nozzle Clog Detection Device (2020)

Highlights Prototypes of an agricultural nozzle clog detection system (for 18 nozzles) have been successfully developed. Spray quality characteristics (droplet size, pattern, and coverage) were not significantly affected when testing the device with extended-range nozzles (TeeJet XR8004). Most of the spray quality characteristics were significantly affected when testing the device with ultra low-drift nozzles (John Deere PSULDQ2004). Abstract . Agricultural nozzles are the main components that perform the spraying of agrochemicals, and their proper functionality is a key element for uniform spray application on crops. Because nozzles have small orifices, they can become clogged when there is debris from the agrochemical in the tank. Nozzle clogging during spray application results in poor pest and weed management and increased cost for re-spraying the affected crop row. Measures used to prevent nozzles from clogging include using screens or strainers to filter out debris before it reaches the nozzle tip, as well as performing regular checks on the nozzles. However, nozzle clogging still occurs during spraying despite the precautions taken. Thus, a device that can detect nozzle clogging during spraying is necessary to enable a quicker response that will ensure uniform application across each row of the crop. A novel, patented device for detecting clogged nozzles that is externally attachable to each nozzle on a sprayer boom was developed in the Precision Application Technology Lab at Arkansas State University. The main objective of this article is to present a general description of this prototype nozzle clog detection device and the nozzle clog detection system. Spray droplet size and pattern tests under controlled conditions and spray coverage tests under field conditions were conducted with and without the device to determine if there were significant differences in droplet size, spray pattern, or spray coverage between using and not using the device. The tests demonstrated that this new technology has potential for detecting clogged nozzles without significantly influencing spray quality for extended-range nozzles but not for ultra low-drift nozzles. To increase the reliability of the performance of this new technology, further improvements in the design need to be considered. Keywords: Clogged nozzle, Detection, Droplet size, Prototype device, Spray coverage, Spray pattern.
XLDA: Cross-Lingual Data Augmentation for Natural Language Inference and Question Answering (2019)

While natural language processing systems often focus on a single language, multilingual transfer learning has the potential to improve performance, especially for low-resource languages. We introduce XLDA, cross-lingual data augmentation, a method that replaces a segment of the input text with its translation in another language. XLDA enhances performance of all 14 tested languages of the cross-lingual natural language inference (XNLI) benchmark. With improvements of up to $4.8\%$, training with XLDA achieves state-of-the-art performance for Greek, Turkish, and Urdu. XLDA is in contrast to, and performs markedly better than, a more naive approach that aggregates examples in various languages in a way that each example is solely in one language. On the SQuAD question answering task, we see that XLDA provides a $1.0\%$ performance increase on the English evaluation set. Comprehensive experiments suggest that most languages are effective as cross-lingual augmentors, that XLDA is robust to a wide range of translation quality, and that XLDA is even more effective for randomly initialized models than for pretrained models.
Mathematical framework for time-scale modification of speech signals (1977)

There are a variety of applications in which it is desired to modify a speech signal in such a way that its speed is changed while its intelligibility and natural quality is retained. An appropriate mathematical representation for the speech waveform is formulated such that time scaling the parameters of the representation corresponds to effecting the desired time-scale modification. A high-quality analysis/synthesis system based on this representation was designed and simulated. This system employs short-time Fourier analysis techniques to implement the desired modification of the speech signal and is capable of producing high-quality speed-transformed speech with large compression and expansion factors. Issues such as non-integer scale factors, phase unwrapping, and feature-dependent (nonuniform) modifications will be considered.
Structure&ndash;activity exploration of a small-molecule Lipid II inhibitor (2015)

We have recently identified low-molecular weight compounds that act as inhibitors of Lipid II, an essential precursor of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Lipid II comprises specialized lipid (bactoprenol) linked to a hydrophilic head group consisting of a peptidoglycan subunit (N-acetyl glucosamine [GlcNAc]-N-acetyl muramic acid [MurNAc] disaccharide coupled to a short pentapeptide moiety) via a pyrophosphate. One of our lead compounds, a diphenyl-trimethyl indolene pyrylium, termed BAS00127538, interacts with the MurNAc moiety and the isoprenyl tail of Lipid II. Here, we report on the structure-activity relationship of BAS00127538 derivatives obtained by in silico analyses and de novo chemical synthesis. Our results indicate that Lipid II binding and bacterial killing are related to three features: the diphenyl moiety, the indolene moiety, and the positive charge of the pyrylium. Replacement of the pyrylium moiety with an N-methyl pyridinium, which may have importance in stability of the molecule, did not alter Lipid II binding or antibacterial potency.
A statistical watermark detection technique without using original images for resolving rightful ownerships of digital images (1999)

Digital watermarking has been proposed as the means for copyright protection of multimedia data. Many of existing watermarking schemes focused on the robust means to mark an image invisibly without really addressing the ends of these schemes. This paper first discusses some scenarios in which many current watermarking schemes fail to resolve the rightful ownership of an image. The key problems are then identified, and some crucial requirements for a valid invisible watermark detection are discussed. In particular, we show that, for the particular application of resolving rightful ownership using invisible watermarks, it might be crucial to require that the original image not be directly involved in the watermark detection process. A general framework for validly detecting the invisible watermarks is then proposed. Some requirements on the claimed signature/watermarks to be used for detection are discussed to prevent the existence of any counterfeit scheme. The optimal detection strategy within the framework is derived. We show the effectiveness of this technique based on some visual-model-based watermark encoding schemes.
Development of a human immuno-oncology therapeutic agent targeting HER2: targeted delivery of granzyme B (2019)

GrB-Fc-4D5 shows excellent, specific cytotoxicity and demonstrates no significant toxicity in normal, antigen-negative murine models. This construct constitutes a novel approach against HER2-expressing tumors and is an excellent candidate for further development.
Sleep-related Breathing Disorders: Experimental Models And Therapeutic Potential (2002)

Overview: pathophysiology of sleep-related breathing disorders in man - unanswered questions. General techniques: instrumentation and methods for chronic studies of sleep and breathing in rodents neurochemical evidence for the cholinergic modulation of sleep and breathing functional anatomical analysis of respiratory circuitry gene and protein expression and regulation in the central nervous system. Experimental sleep-related breathing disorders: intermittent hypoxia computer-controlled airway occlusion. Naturally occurring sleep-related breathing disorders: the pre-term lamb - a unique animal model of neonatal respiratory instability neonatal rat mature rat English bulldog aquatic mammals.
The automatic measurement system of large vertical storage tank volume based on 3D laser scanning principle (2017)

According to the traditional geometric methods have some shortcomings, such as low accuracy, low work efficiency and high risk factor in the capacity measurement, it is presented an automatic measurement system and method of large vertical storage tank volume based on three-dimensional (3D) Laser Scanning Principle in the paper. The calculation model of vertical tank volume is established and the key algorithms are researched for the point cloud data analysis. By calculating the cross-sectional area along the horizontal direction and integrating from vertical direction, the volume value is automatic calculated in the different liquids. Selected a vertical tank as the test object, which the nominal capacity is 1000m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , it is shown the good repeatability and reappearance of the system proposed in the paper. The experimental comparison system is designed, and the measurement experiment is carried out in three different vertical tanks which the nominal capacity is 1000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , 2500 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and 5000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , respectively. The validity of the proposed method is verified by using the traditional capacity measurement method as reference.
<i>delayed flowering1</i> Encodes a Basic Leucine Zipper Protein That Mediates Floral Inductive Signals at the Shoot Apex in Maize (2006)

Separation of the life cycle of flowering plants into two distinct growth phases, vegetative and reproductive, is marked by the floral transition. The initial floral inductive signals are perceived in the leaves and transmitted to the shoot apex, where the vegetative shoot apical meristem is restructured into a reproductive meristem. In this study, we report cloning and characterization of the maize (Zea mays) flowering time gene delayed flowering1 (dlf1). Loss of dlf1 function results in late flowering, indicating dlf1 is required for timely promotion of the floral transition. dlf1 encodes a protein with a basic leucine zipper domain belonging to an evolutionarily conserved family. Three-dimensional protein modeling of a missense mutation within the basic domain suggests DLF1 protein functions through DNA binding. The spatial and temporal expression pattern of dlf1 indicates a threshold level of dlf1 is required in the shoot apex for proper timing of the floral transition. Double mutant analysis of dlf1 and indeterminate1 (id1), another late flowering mutation, places dlf1 downstream of id1 function and suggests dlf1 mediates floral inductive signals transmitted from leaves to the shoot apex. This study establishes an emergent framework for the genetic control of floral induction in maize and highlights the conserved topology of the floral transition network in flowering plants.