gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chub Mackerel Gonads Support Colonization, Survival, and Proliferation of Intraperitoneally Transplanted Xenogenic Germ Cells1 (2010)

The production of xenogenic gametes from large-bodied, commercially important marine fish species in closely related smaller host fish species with short generation times may enable rapid and simple seed production of the target species. As a first step toward this goal, we assessed the suitability of chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, as a small-bodied recipient species for xenogenic spermatogonial transplantation. Histological observation of the early gonadal development of chub mackerel larvae and transplantation of fluorescent-labeled spermatogonia from Nibe croaker, Nibea mitsukurii, revealed that 5.3-mm chub mackerel larvae were suitable recipients for successful transplantation. Intraperitoneally transplanted xenogenic spermatogonia efficiently colonized the gonads of these recipient larvae, and donor-derived Nibe croaker germ cells proliferated rapidly soon after colonization. Moreover, gonadal soma-derived growth factor (gsdf) mRNA, a gonadal somatic cell marker, was expressed in recipient-derived cells surrounding the incorporated donor-derived germ cells, suggesting that donor-derived germ cells had settled at an appropriate location in the recipient gonad. Our data show that xenogenic spermatogonial transplantation was successful in chub mackerel and that the somatic microenvironment of the chub mackerel gonad can support the colonization, survival, and proliferation of intraperitoneally transplanted xenogenic germ cells derived from a donor species of a different taxonomic family.
Clinical testing of a photoacoustic probe for port wine stain depth determination (2002)

PWS lesion depth can be determined by a photoacoustic method that utilizes acoustic propagation time.
p‐Type Plastic Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials (2021)

Abstract Deformable thermoelectrics have great potential in self‐powered flexible or hetero‐shaped electronics. The exceptional room‐temperature plasticity recently discovered in several inorganic semiconductors makes it possible to develop new thermoelectric (TE) materials with both high performance and intrinsic deformability. Nonetheless, all the known plastic or ductile TE materials are n‐type semiconductors. It is urgent to explore p‐type counterparts for device design and fabrication. In this study, the first p‐type plastic inorganic TE material is reported. Via alloying Cu in n‐type plastic Ag 2 S 0.7 Se 0.3 to modulate the charged crystal defects, (Ag 1− x Cu x ) 2 S 0.7 Se 0.3 ( x = 0.7–0.8) can simultaneously realize good plasticity and p‐type conduction. Particularly, (Ag 0.2 Cu 0.8 ) 2 S 0.7 Se 0.3 with a hexagonal structure shows a maximum zT of 0.42 at 800 K. Via the introduction of Cu deficiencies, the good plasticity is well maintained while the maximum zT is greatly enhanced to 0.95 at 800 K, a record‐high value for plastic TE materials. This study is expected to accelerate the development of plastic TE semiconductors and full‐inorganic deformable TE devices for the application in hetero‐shaped power generators.
In vitro integration of retrotransposon Ty1: a direct physical assay. (1994)

Retrotransposon Ty1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inserts a double-stranded Ty1 cDNA into the yeast genome by a reaction analogous to the integration mechanism used by retroviruses. A quantitative in vitro integration assay that directly detects integrative recombination products was developed for Ty1. Blunt-ended artificial radioactive substrates bearing Ty1 termini integrate into circular or linear target DNAs. The reaction is specific for native integrase isolated in the form of virus-like particles; virus-like particles prepared from integrase mutants were completely inactive in this assay. The products are radioactive, allowing direct detection after gel electrophoresis by autoradiography. Using this simple and amenable system, we characterized the biochemical requirements of the system and the structures of the major integration products. Two classes of products were detected: those that were the result of bona fide complete integration events (concerted reactions) and single-end joinings of substrate to target (half-reactions). Additionally, we used a genetic selection scheme to identify and characterize target sites of complete integration events into a circular target plasmid; a 5-bp target site duplication flanking the inserted DNA resembling the duplication characteristic of in vivo integration was observed.
A Persona-based Multi-turn Conversation Model in an Adversarial Learning Framework (2019)

In this paper, we extend the persona-based sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) neural network conversation model to multi-turn dialogue by modifying the state-of-the-art hredGAN architecture. To achieve this, we introduce an additional input modality into the encoder and decoder of hredGAN to capture other attributes such as speaker identity, location, sub-topics, and other external attributes that might be available from the corpus of human-to-human interactions. The resulting persona hredGAN ($phredGAN$) shows better performance than both the existing persona-based Seq2Seq and hredGAN models when those external attributes are available in a multi-turn dialogue corpus. This superiority is demonstrated on TV drama series with character consistency (such as Big Bang Theory and Friends) and customer service interaction datasets such as Ubuntu dialogue corpus in terms of perplexity, BLEU, ROUGE, and Distinct n-gram scores.
Isolation of the protein backbone of an arabinogalactan-protein from the styles of Nicotiana alata and characterization of a corresponding cDNA. (1994)

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) from the styles of Nicotiana alata were isolated by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. After deglycosylation by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, the protein backbones were fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC. One of the protein backbones, containing mainly hydroxyproline, alanine, and serine residues (53% of total residues), was digested with proteases, and the peptides were isolated and sequenced. This sequence information allowed the cloning of a 712-bp cDNA, AGPNa1. AGPNa1 encodes a 132-amino acid protein with three domains: an N-terminal secretion signal sequence, which is cleaved from the mature protein; a central sequence, which contains most of the hydroxyproline/proline residues; and a C-terminal hydrophobic region. AGPNa1 is expressed in many tissues of N. alata and related species. The arrangement of domains and amino acid composition of the AGP encoded by AGPNa1 are similar to that of an AGP from pear cell suspension culture filtrate, although the only sequence identity is at the N termini of the mature proteins.
Correlation-based estimation of ego-motion and structure from motion and stereo (1999)

This paper describes a correlation-based, iterative, multi-resolution algorithm which estimates both scene structure and the motion of the camera rig through an environment from the stream(s) of incoming images. Both single-camera rigs and multiple-camera rigs can be accommodated. The use of multiple synchronized cameras results in more rapid convergence of the iterative approach. The algorithm uses a global ego-motion constraint to refine estimates of inter-frame camera rotation and translation. It uses local window-based correlation to refine the current estimate of scene structure. All analysis is performed at multiple resolutions. In order to combine, in a straightforward way, the correlation surfaces from multiple viewpoints and from multiple pixels in a support region, each pixel's correlation surface is modeled as a quadratic. This parameterization allows direct, explicit computation of incremental refinements for ego-motion and structure using linear algebra. Batches can be of arbitrary size, allowing a trade-off between accuracy and latency. Batches can also be daisy-chained for extended sequences. Results of the algorithm are shown on synthetic and real outdoor image sequences.
On the Designing of Planar Optical Lens based on Dielectric Gratings (2009)

We present the method of engineering the phase front shape of the reflected or transmitted optical wave from a dielectric grating, so that planar device but work as concave or convex lenses can be designed.
Novel distributed fiber optic leak detection system (2004)

A novel distributed fiber optic leak detection sys- tem is proposed. Its configuration is similar to an in-line Sa- gnac interferometer. The linear measurable range is from 3 310 24 to 3310 22 rad/AHz with a dynamic range around 40 dB. © 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Low-Noise Microwave Oven Magnetrons With Fast Start-Oscillation by Azimuthally Varying Axial Magnetic Fields (2004)

A technique has been proven to significantly reduce the noise and to hasten the startup in microwave signals from dc operating oven magnetrons. The technique is based on imposition of an azimuthally varying axial magnetic field in magnetrons. For an N-cavity magnetron operating in pi-mode, the optimal number of periods of azimuthal variations in the axial magnetic field is N/2. This technique demonstrates the fastest startup and lowest start-oscillation current by prebunching the electrons. Measurements show dramatic reduction in noise of 600-800 W oven magnetrons operating dc near 2.45 GHz. The sidebands are eliminated (*30 dB) and the noise within 50 MHz from the carrier is reduced by 30 dB. Noise reduction is observed at low (up to 60 mA), medium (60-200 mA) and high currents (200-300 mA), for both aged and fresh oven magnetrons. The reduction in power and in electronic efficiency is of order of 10%, in this low-noise, fast startup operation.
<i>noxR3</i> , a Novel Gene from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> , Protects <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> from Nitrosative and Oxidative Stress (1999)

ABSTRACT Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) produced by activated macrophages participate in host defense against the facultative intracellular pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhimurium . To survive within macrophages, such pathogens may have evolved ROI and RNI resistance mechanisms. ROI resistance pathways have been intensively studied. Much less is known about the mechanisms of resistance to RNI. To identify possible RNI resistance genes in M. tuberculosis , a mycobacterial library was expressed in S. typhimurium and subjected to selection by exposure to the NO donor S -nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in concentrations sufficient to kill the vast majority of nontransformed salmonellae. Among the rare surviving recombinants was a clone expressing noxR3 , a novel and previously anonymous M. tuberculosis gene predicted to encode a small, basic protein. Expression of noxR3 protected S. typhimurium not only from GSNO and acidified nitrite but also from H 2 O 2 . noxR3 is the third gene cloned from M. tuberculosis that has been shown to protect heterologous cells from both RNI and ROI. This suggests diversity in the repertoire of mechanisms that help pathogens resist the oxidative and nitrosative defenses of the host.
Effect of Flow Parameter Variations on Full Coverage Film-Cooling Effectiveness for a Gas Turbine Blade (2011)

The effect of film-cooling holes placed along the span of a fully cooled high pressure turbine blade in a stationary, linear cascade on film-cooling effectiveness is studied using the pressure sensitive paint technique. The effect of showerhead injection at the leading edge and the presence of compound angled, diffusing holes on the pressure and suction sides are also examined. Six rows of compound angled shaped film-cooling holes are provided on the pressure side while four such rows are provided on the suction side of the blade. The holes have a laidback and fan-shaped diffusing cross-section. Another three rows of cylindrical holes are drilled at a typical angle on the leading edge to capture the effect of showerhead film coolant injection. The film-cooling hole arrangement simulates a typical film cooled blade design used in Stage 1 rotor blades for gas turbines used for power generation. An optimal target blowing ratio is defined for each film hole row, and tests are performed for 100%, 150%, and 200% of this target value. Tests are performed for inlet Mach numbers of 0.36 and 0.45 with corresponding exit Mach numbers of 0.51 and 0.68, respectively. The flow remains subsonic in the throat region for both Mach numbers. The corresponding freestream Reynolds numbers, based on the axial chord length and the exit velocity, are 1.3×106 and 1.74×106, respectively. Freestream turbulence intensity level at the cascade inlet is 6%. The results show that varying blowing ratios can have a significant impact on film-cooling effectiveness distribution. Large spanwise variations in effectiveness distributions are also observed. Similar distributions were observed for both Mach numbers.
Synthesis and polymerization of fluorinated monomers bearing a reactive lateral group?part 7. Copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene with ?-hydroxy trifluorovinyl monomers (1999)

The radical copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and trifluorovinyl ω-hydroxy comonomers [F2CCF(CH2)mOH with m = 1 (FA1) and m = 3 (FA3)] for the synthesis of fluorinated polymers bearing hydroxy side groups is presented. FA1 was prepared by dehydrofluorination of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol, whereas FA3 was obtained in a three-step scheme starting from the radical addition of 1,2-dichloroiodotrifluoroethane to allyl alcohol. The copolymerization conditions (in bulk or in solution in di n-butyl ether) and the polymer compositions considerably influenced the molecular weights, the molecular weight distributions, and the thermal properties of these copolymers. The kinetics of copolymerization of both couples enabled to determine the reaction order to the initiator (being 0.9) and the close values of apparent activation energies for [TFE/FA1 (Ea = 52.4 kJ · mol−1) and for TFE/FA3 (Ea = 46.8 kJ · mol−1)] couples. From the Tidwell and Mortimer method, the relative reactivity ratios were calculated by elemental analysis or by 19F-NMR spectroscopy, showing a higher reactivity of the TFE to incorporate the copolymer (rTFE = 2.47 and rFA1 = 0.41; rTFE = 1.57 and rFA3 = 0.45). The high values of the reaction order to the initiator and low molecular weights of copolymers were associated to the allylic chain transfer of the hydroxy comonomers and a mechanism of copolymerization was proposed. The comonomer diad and triad distribution was determined by the statistic theory and allowed one to calculate the average length of the comonomer sequences. Finally, the thermal decomposition of these cooligomers showed that those containing FA3 units are more thermostable than those synthesized from FA1, and that the higher the fluorinated alcohol content, the faster the thermal decomposition. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 189–202, 1999
High power tunable femtosecond pulse source based on amplification in Tm fiber (2005)

We demonstrate a tunable (1930-2018 nm and 965-1009 nm) femtosecond source based on amplification in Tm fiber. Average powers of 1.8 W and 530 mW are obtained at 1994 nm and 997 nm, respectively.
Electron beam assisted chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 (1983)

We have demonstrated electron beam assisted chemical vapor deposition of silicon dioxide films on silicon substrates via electron impact dissociation of SiH4 and N2O gas. Dissociation of reactant gases occurs primarily in the confined planar region of the electron beam created plasma. Electron beam deposited SiO2 films have been categorized in terms of their electrical, physical, and chemical properties.
Using end-user feedback to optimize the design of the Versius Surgical System, a new robot-assisted device for use in minimal access surgery (2019)

This surgical robot system has been developed using feedback from end users throughout the design process and aims to minimize barriers to robotic MAS uptake. Additionally, these studies demonstrate system success in the surgical procedures it was designed for. The studies reported here, and further studies of the Versius Surgical System, are intended to align with IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study) Framework guidance.
Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons Inducing Volumetric Light Confinement (2017)

The ability to transform two-dimensional (2D) materials into a three-dimensional (3D) structure while preserving their unique inherent properties might offer great enticing opportunities in the development of diverse applications for next generation micro/nanodevices. Here, a self-assembly process is introduced for building free-standing 3D, micro/nanoscale, hollow, polyhedral structures configured with a few layers of graphene-based materials: graphene and graphene oxide. The 3D structures have been further modified with surface patterning, realized through the inclusion of metal patterns on their 3D surfaces. The 3D geometry leads to a nontrivial spatial distribution of strong electric fields (volumetric light confinement) induced by 3D plasmon hybridization on the surface of the graphene forming the 3D structures. Due to coupling in all directions, resulting in 3D plasmon hybridization, the 3D closed box graphene generates a highly confined electric field within as well as outside of the cubes. Moreover, since the uniform coupling reduces the decay of the field enhancement away from the surface, the confined electric field inside of the 3D structure shows two orders of magnitude higher than that of 2D graphene before transformation into the 3D structure. Therefore, these structures might be used for detection of target substances (not limited to only the graphene surfaces, but using the entire volume formed by the 3D graphene-based structure) in sensor applications.
Generalised rate <i>N</i> /( <i>N</i> +1) codes (1999)

A generalised construction of rate N/(N+1) run-length limited codes is presented. The (d, k, l, r) constraints are (0, N/4 + 1, N/8, N/8). Encoding and decoding based on the use of multiple pivot bits are described. The encoding and decoding are systematic enough to allow the writing of software to generate efficient logic equations for different N. The logic equations can be further minimised using an automatic synthesis tool.
Multihop route`s link parameters controlling method, involves determining parameter common to all links along entire multihop route based on given end-to-end transmit parameter constraint, and assigning parameters for each link. (2005)

NOVELTY - The method involves determining a parameter common to all links along an entire multihop route based on a given end-to-end (ETE) transmit parameter constraint. A set of three interdependent link transmit parameters is assigned for each number of links, where each parameter is dependent on local link characteristics such as a link transmit parameter representative of link transmit energy, link transmit time, link transmit bandwidth and link code word consumption, and a link transmit parameter representative of link transmit power, based on a common parameter and the local link characteristics. USE - Used for controlling link parameters for a multihop route in a multihop network (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The determination of common parameter to all links along the entire multihop route based on the given end-to-end (ETE) transmit parameter constraint more flexibly and efficiently assigns/allocates link transmit parameters in a multihop network, thus providing improved method for controlling link transmit parameters for a route in the multihop network. The method more optimally utilizes the available network resources for transmitting information over the links, while ensuring a certain quality for the route and minimizes the use of expensive resources such as transmit energy/power. The improved method performs efficient multihop routing, joint routing and end-to-end (ETE) considerate link control, enables improved link adaptation and power control strategy and allows reduced interference, specific absorption rates (SAR) and increased battery lifetime. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) a method of routing in a multihop network (2) an arrangement for controlling link parameters for a multihop route (3) an arrangement for routing in a multihop network (4) an apparatus for controlling link parameters for a multihop route, comprising a resource controller. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic flow representation of a method for controlling link transmit parameters for a multihop route.
Sulfidative Purification of Carbon Nanotubes Integrated in Transistors (2005)

We demonstrate a simple purification method of carbon nanotubes via sulfidation reaction of carbon, C + 2S --> CS2, to selectively remove carbonaceous impurities from nanotubes. The sulfidative purification of carbon nanotubes integrated in field-effect transistors results in a dramatic improvement of switching characteristics due to removal of carbonaceous impurities.
An active-passive distributed absorber for vibration and sound radiation control (1998)

A new device has been developed to reduce structural vibrations and their associated radiated sound. The work is a contribution to the research of efficient and low cost devices that implement simultaneously the advantages of active and passive noise control techniques. A theoretical model was developed to investigate the potential of a new ‘‘active-passive distributed vibration absorber.’’ From this knowledge, prototypes have been designed and their potential experimentally investigated. The device subsequently developed can be described as a skin that can be mechanically and electrically tuned to reduce unwanted vibration and/or sound in a distributed manner. Preliminary results show that the new distributed treatment out-performs state-of-the-art point active-passive absorbers. The compact design and its efficiency make it suitable for many applications especially in the transportation industry. [Work supported by the ONR.]
THE EFFECTS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION ON ALKALI-SILICA REACTION IN REINFORCED CONCRETE (1992)

Corrosion of steel reinforcement and the alkali silica reaction (ASR) are well documented problems. Many reinforced concrete highway structures are deteriorating as a result of corrosion induced by de-icing salts. Cathodic protection (CP) is one of a variety of techniques available for dealing with this. In principle, CP is likely to cause an increase in the alkalinity of the concrete around the cathodically polarised reinforcing steel with the consequential risk that ASR will be induced in concretes containing reactive aggregates. This report describes research aimed at investigating the possibility of a link between CP and ASR.
Impairment of salivary epidermal growth factor secretory response to esophageal mechanical and chemical stimulation in patients with reflux esophagitis. (1994)

Impairment in sEGF secretion during mechanical and chemical intraesophageal stimulation, mimicking the natural scenario occurring during gastroesophageal reflux, may facilitate the development of esophageal mucosal pathology and delay the healing of already developed mucosal injury.
Model for dynamic self-assembled magnetic surface structures (2010)

We propose a first-principles model for the dynamic self-assembly of magnetic structures at a water-air interface reported in earlier experiments. The model is based on the Navier-Stokes equation for liquids in shallow water approximation coupled to Newton equations for interacting magnetic particles suspended at a water-air interface. The model reproduces most of the observed phenomenology, including spontaneous formation of magnetic snakelike structures, generation of large-scale vortex flows, complex ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic ordering of the snake, and self-propulsion of bead-snake hybrids.