gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of fluorinated amphiphilic triblock copolymer and its application in high temperature PEM fuel cells (2012)

New fluorinated amphiphilic triblock copolymers composed of fluorinated poly(arylene ether) and sulfonated poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) were synthesized through condensation polymerization followed by controlled radical polymerization, for application in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The morphological structure of the triblock copolymers was investigated as a function of hydrophilic block length, and was related to the proton conductivity and durability of the copolymer membranes. Unlike commercially available Nafion, which shows a decrease of the proton conductivity at high temperatures above 80 °C, the newly synthesized membranes exhibit high proton conductivity and continuous increases in proton conductivity with increasing temperature from 30 °C to 100 °C. They also show excellent thermal, oxidative and hydrolytic stabilities.
An Application of Coulostatic Method for Rapid Evaluation of Metal Corrosion Rate in Solution (1978)

The coulostatic method was successfully applied to a rapid evaluation of metal corrosion rate in solution, where a known amount of small charge was supplied to the test piece, and the potential decay curve recorded was analyzed to obtain the corrosion rate. According to the theory developed, polarization resistances of mild steels in sulfuric acid and in distilled water were obtained, which agreed fairly well with resistances measured by usual methods. The coulostatic method developed in this study can be useful without ohmic drop correction, even in a high impedance solution. The time needed for measurement is considerably shorter, compared to the well‐known linear polarization method.
The SECOQC Quantum-Key-Distribution Network in Vienna (2009)

We present a prototypic Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) back-bone network, formed by seven QKD-Link devices that connect five subsidiaries of SIEMENS Austria. This highly integrated trusted-repeater type QKD network allows integration of heterogeneous QKD technologies.
Cross-Mixing Hybrid Beamformer for Wideband Apertures (2021)

Existing beamforming arrays suffer from the size and cost of the RF front-end and digital back-end components. In this paper, a novel hybrid beamforming configuration for wideband receivers is introduced. The design replaces phase shifters and local oscillators (LO) with cross mixing antenna elements to maximize diversity gain. In this paper, an analytical model of the cross mixing beamformer (CMB) is first presented. Simulations are carried out showing that a maximum diversity gain can be achieved with the CMB approach. Two prototypes were implemented using <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> element arrays and tested at 2.31 GHz. Measured results show that CMB achieves coherent signal combining and can preserve the phase delay information needed for hybrid beamforming setups.
CD34<sup>+</sup>AC133<sup>+</sup>Cells Isolated from Cord Blood are Highly Enriched in Long‐Term Culture‐Initiating Cells, NOD/SCID‐Repopulating Cells and Dendritic Cell Progenitors (1998)

The AC133 antigen is a novel antigen selectively expressed on a subset of CD34+ cells in human fetal liver, bone marrow, and blood as demonstrated by flow cytometric analyses. In this study, we have further assessed the expression of AC133 on CD34+ cells in hemopoietic samples and found that there was a highly significant difference between normal bone marrow and cord blood versus aphereses (p <0.0001) but not between bone marrow and cord blood. Most of the clonogenic cells (67%) were contained in the CD34+AC133+ fraction. Compared with cultures of the CD34+AC133- cells, generation of progenitor cells in long-term culture on bone marrow stroma was consistently 10- to 100-fold higher in cultures initiated with CD34+AC133+ cells and was maintained for the 8-10 weeks of culture. Only the CD34+AC133+ cells were capable of repopulating NOD/SCID mice. Human cells were detectable as early as day 20, with increased levels (67%) apparent 40 days post-transplantation. Five thousand CD34+AC133+ cells engrafted about 20% of the mice, while no engraftment was observed in animals transplanted with up to 1.2 x 10(5) CD34+AC133- cells. The CD34+AC133+ population was also enriched (seven-fold) in dendritic cell precursors, and the dendritic cells generated were functionally active in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. AC133+ cells should be useful in the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating primitive hemopoietic cells.
Robust speech recognition using neural networks and hidden Markov models (2002)

This paper proposes a robust, speaker-independent isolated word speech recognition (IWSR) system (SMQ/HMM-SVQ/HMM)/MLP which combines dual split matrix quantization (SMQ) and split vector quantization (SVQ) pair combined with both the strength of the HMM in modeling stochastic sequences and the non-linear classification capability of MLP neural networks (NN). The system efficiently utilizes processing resources and improves speech recognition performance by using neural networks as the classifier of the system. Computer simulation clearly indicates the superiority over conventional VQ/HMM and MQ/HMM systems with 98% and 95.8% recognition accuracy at 20 dB and 5 dB SNR levels, respectively in a car noise environment, based on the TIDIGIT database.
A NOVEL INTERACTION BETWEEN AT1 RECEPTOR AND SOLUBLE EPOXIDE HYDROLASE IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (2018)

There is a critical need to identify new therapeutic targets to treat the microvascular damage associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) because nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes and 60% of those with type 2 diabetes develop DR. Activation of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to retinal hyperpermeability and neovascularization in DR. Clinical studies have suggested that RAS may be a promising therapeutic target in treating DR. Blockade of RAS has reduced the incidence of DR in clinical studies, yet, RAS blockade did not decrease the incidence of diabetic macular edema or reduce the progression of DR. Hence, the FDA still does not approve the use of RAS blockade to treat DR. In short, lack of understanding of the molecular mechanism of retinal microvascular damage induced by RAS is a critical barrier to the use of RAS blockade to prevent or treat DR. Here we show that 1) Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases retinal soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) levels by 2.8 fold (2.84 ± 1.1 vs. 1 ± 0.08, P < 0.05, n = 4), which is blunted by an AT1 blocker; 2) both sEH blockade and knockout (KO), which accumulate epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), promote Ang II‐induced retinal albumin leakage (an index of blood‐retinal barrier (BRB) injury) by 1.58 (1.58 ± 0.4 vs. 1 ± 0.13, P < 0.05, n = 4) and 2.8 fold (2.8 ± 1.7 vs. 1 ± 0.09, P < 0.05, n = 4), respectively; 3) treatment with synthetic 11,12‐EET potentiates intravitreal Ang II‐induced retinal albumin leakage by 2.2 fold (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1 ± 0.18, P < 0.05, n = 4); 4) while sEH KO and blockade reduce Ang II‐induced retinal vascular remodeling, sEH KO causes retinal vascular leakage (fluorescein angiogram analysis) in sEH‐null mice treated with Ang II; and 5) sEH KO potentiates diabetes (STZ)‐induced retinal damage via promoting retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT‐1). Overall, our data demonstrate that in DR, activation of retinal AT1 triggers a compensatory mechanism by increasing retinal sEH, but decreasing EETs. Our studies hold the promise of providing a new strategy, the use of combined EETs blockade with AT1 blocker, to prevent or reduce DR. Support or Funding Information AHA Grant‐in‐Aid AHASE00144 (M.H.W.) and R01 EY023315 (M.A.S.) This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Association of interleukin‐1 gene polymorphisms with Alzheimer's disease (2000)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is markedly overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease. We found the IL-1A 2,2 genotype in 12.9% of 232 neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease patients and 6.6% of 167 controls from four centers in the United Kingdom and United States (odds ratio, 3.0; controlled for age and for ApoE [apolipoprotein E] genotype). Homozygosity for both allele 2 of IL-1A and allele 2 of IL-1B conferred even greater risk (odds ratio, 10.8). IL-1 genotypes may confer risk for Alzheimer's disease through IL-1 overexpression and IL-1–driven neurodegenerative cascades. Ann Neurol 2000;47:365–368
The devil is in the details: implementing flash page reuse with WOM codes (2016)

Flash memory is prevalent in modern servers and devices. Coupled with the scaling down of flash technology, the popularity of flash memory motivates the search for methods to increase flash reliability and lifetime. Erasures are the dominant cause of flash cell wear, but reducing them is challenging because flash is a write-once medium-memory cells must be erased prior to writing. \n\nAn approach that has recently received considerable attention relies on write-once memory (WOM) codes, designed to accommodate additional writes on write-once media. However, the techniques proposed for reusing flash pages with WOM codes are limited in their scope. Many focus on the coding theory alone, while others suggest FTL designs that are application specific, or not applicable due to their complexity, overheads, or specific constraints of MLC flash. \n\nThis work is the first that addresses all aspects of page reuse within an end-to-end implementation of a general-purpose FTL on MLC flash. We use our hardware implementation to directly measure the short and long-term effects of page reuse on SSD durability, I/O performance and energy consumption, and show that FTL design must explicitly take them into account.
Complex Nuclear Localization Signals in the Matrix Protein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (2002)

The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) functions from within the nucleus to inhibit bi-directional nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, we show that M protein can be imported into the nucleus by an active transport mechanism, even though it is small enough (approximately 27 kDa) to diffuse through nuclear pore complexes. We map two distinct nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing regions of M protein, each of which is capable of directing the nuclear localization of a heterologous protein. One of these regions, comprising amino acids 47-229, is also sufficient to inhibit nucleocytoplasmic transport. Two amino acids that are conserved among the matrix proteins of vesiculoviruses are important for nuclear localization, but are not essential for the inhibitory activity of M protein. Thus, different regions of M protein function for nuclear localization and for inhibitory activity.
4D DSA reconstruction using tomosynthesis projections (2017)

We investigate the use of tomosynthesis in 4D DSA to improve the accuracy of reconstructed vessel time-attenuation curves (TACs). It is hypothesized that a narrow-angle tomosynthesis dataset for each time point can be exploited to reduce artifacts caused by vessel overlap in individual projections. 4D DSA reconstructs time-resolved 3D angiographic volumes from a typical 3D DSA scan consisting of mask and iodine-enhanced C-arm rotations. Tomosynthesis projections are obtained either from a conventional C-arm rotation, or from an inverse geometry scanning-beam digital x-ray (SBDX) system. In the proposed method, rays of the tomosynthesis dataset which pass through multiple vessels can be ignored, allowing the non-overlapped rays to impart temporal information to the 4D DSA. The technique was tested in simulated scans of 2 mm diameter vessels separated by 2 to 5 cm, with TACs following either early or late enhancement. In standard 4D DSA, overlap artifacts were clearly present. Use of tomosynthesis projections in 4D DSA reduced TAC artifacts caused by vessel overlap, when a sufficient fraction of non-overlapped rays was available in each time frame. In cases where full overlap between vessels occurred, information could be recovered via a proposed image space interpolation technique. SBDX provides a tomosynthesis scan for each frame period in a rotational acquisition, whereas a standard C-arm geometry requires the grouping of multiple frames.
Graph based crawler seed selection (2009)

This paper identifies and explores the problem of seed selection in a web-scale crawler. We argue that seed selection is not a trivial but very important problem. Selecting proper seeds can increase the number of pages a crawler will discover, and can result in a collection with more ``good" and less "bad" pages. Based on the analysis of the graph structure of the web, we propose several seed selection algorithms. Effectiveness of these algorithms is proved by our experimental results on real web data.
Artificial Neural Networks for Volt/VAR Control of DER Inverters at the Grid Edge (2018)

With increased grid penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), volt/VAR control (VVC) is becoming increasingly complex and challenging in distribution systems. Conventional VVC approaches in distribution networks reside typically on the primary feeder. However, these approaches are ineffective for handling the voltage variability caused by DERs and load dynamics on the secondary side, termed as the grid edge. With more and more deployments of DERs at the grid edge, advanced VVC technologies through controlling DER inverters are perceived to be the key enabling technologies for distributed voltage control to meet the future smart grid requirements. Nevertheless, a great challenge is that DER inverters would fight each other when operated autonomously in participating grid voltage control using the conventional control methods. This paper proposes a novel VVC strategy based on an artificial neural network (ANN) control. The proposed approach is able to properly handle DER inverter constraints in achieving VVC objectives at the grid edge and overcomes the challenges of conventional DER inverter control techniques. The behaviors of the proposed method are evaluated via simulation and hardware experiments, which demonstrate great advantages of the ANN-based VVC for controlling DER inverters at the grid edge.
A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications (2009)

The spectrum sensing problem has gained new aspects with cognitive radio and opportunistic spectrum access concepts. It is one of the most challenging issues in cognitive radio systems. In this paper, a survey of spectrum sensing methodologies for cognitive radio is presented. Various aspects of spectrum sensing problem are studied from a cognitive radio perspective and multi-dimensional spectrum sensing concept is introduced. Challenges associated with spectrum sensing are given and enabling spectrum sensing methods are reviewed. The paper explains the cooperative sensing concept and its various forms. External sensing algorithms and other alternative sensing methods are discussed. Furthermore, statistical modeling of network traffic and utilization of these models for prediction of primary user behavior is studied. Finally, sensing features of some current wireless standards are given.
Corona-induced photoxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons over TiO2 in the absence of a UV light source – A novel and environmentally friendly method for oxidation (2005)

Corona-induced photooxidation is a novel oxidation methodology for the efficient oxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons utilizing the advantage of both the high oxidizing power of ozone formed in the reactor as well as the photooxidation capability of the UV light generated during the corona discharge.
Reactive ION Etching of III-V Compounds (1980)

Reactive ion etching (RIE) has been used to transfer high resolution sub-micron patterns into Si, SiO 2 , and Si 3 N 4 substrates. One example of this is the patterning of square wave gratings 250Å deep with 3200Å periodicity into SiO 2 (1) . The utility of this technique for the fabrication of component devices for integrated optics is manifest. We report the first successful application of this technique to GaAs, InP and In .83 Ga .17 As .37 P .63 . All edges of the etched structures are sharply defined, the smoothness of the walls are at present limited only by the quality of the masking. The floors of the substrate are largely flat and featureless.
The Role of SATB2 as a Diagnostic Marker for Tumors of Colorectal Origin (2014)

We conclude that SATB2 provides a new and advantageous supplement for clinical differential diagnostics.
Estimation Of Formation Stresses Using Borehole Sonic Data (2008)

Formation stresses play an important role in geophysical prospecting and development of oil and gas reservoirs. Both the direction and magnitude of these stresses are required in (a) planning for borehole stability, (b) hydraulic fracturing for enhanced production, and (c) selective perforation for sand control. The formation stress state is characterized by the magnitude and direction of the three principal stresses. Generally, the overburden stress is obtained by integrating the formation density from surface to the depth of interest. The minimum horizontal stress (Sh) can be estimated from a minifrac, closure pressure in an extended leak-off test, or from analysis of mud losses. However, estimating the maximum horizontal stress (SH) magnitude remains a challenge in the industry. The underlying theory behind the estimation of formation stresses using borehole sonic data is based on acoustoelastic effects in rocks. Acoustoelasticity refers to changes in elastic wave velocities caused by changes in the prestress in the propagating medium. A new Stress Magnitude Estimation algorithm yields SH magnitude using the three shear moduli outside the near-wellbore altered annulus together with the Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) that provides the overburden stress, pore pressure, and Sh as a function of depth. Cross-dipole shear moduli are measured in the two orthogonal sagittal planes containing the borehole axis. The third shear modulus in the borehole cross-sectional plane is estimated from Stoneley data. Since Stoneley data is significantly affected by tool effects and near-wellbore alterations, we estimate the far-field shear modulus in the borehole cross-sectional plane using the Stoneley shear velocity radial profiling algorithm. When the horizontal stresses are nearly the same (SH = Sh), there is no shear wave splitting and crossdipole shear slownesses are nearly equal. Under these circumstances, a Velocity Dispersion Gradient (VDG) algorithm can be used in a depth interval with a reasonably uniform lithology and where the volumetric distribution of clay and other minerals are nearly constant. The VDG algorithm inverts differences between dipole dispersions at two depths in the same lithology interval for estimating horizontal stress gradient within the chosen depth interval. It is assumed that observed differences in dipole dispersions are essentially caused by differences in the overburden and horizontal stresses at the two depths. We discuss results of using the two algorithms described above on waveforms acquired by a sonic tool recorded in a few wells. The MEM is built using drilling reports, mud reports, petrophysical logs as well as wellbore images.
Synergetic Effect of Grain Refinement and Spherical Shaped Precipitate Dispersions in Fracture Toughness of a Mg-Zn-Zr Alloy (2007)

Fracture toughness was examined on a commercial Mg-Zn-Zr alloy, ZK60. The commercial alloy was extruded at a temperature of 493 K to obtain fine grain structures having fine spherical shaped precipitates. The microstructures consisted of equi-axed grains. The average grain size and the precipitate diameter were about 3 μm and 25∼50 nm, respectively. The yield strength and elongation-to-failure were 287 MPa and 26.7%, respectively. The plane-strain fracture toughness, KIC, was estimated to be 34.8 MPam1⁄2 by the stretched zone analysis. These mechanical properties were superior to that of conventional wrought magnesium and magnesium alloys. The deformed microstructure observations showed i) the activation of non-basal dislocations even at room temperature and ii) the pinning of dislocations by the spherical shaped precipitates during the fracture toughness test. Thus, a combination of grain refinement and dispersion of fine spherical shaped precipitates were found to be effective methods for improving the fracture toughness of magnesium alloys.
Title: A new, low‐cost process for fabricating plasma display back panel (1999)

Abstract Many processes are being currently explored to fabricate the back panel of PDP. This paper presents a unique process for fabricating plasma display back panel, called “Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramic on Metal (LTCC‐M)” back panel which is very simple and most cost‐effective approach to color PDP manufacturing as compared to other processes. By eliminating the complicated processes and replacing the base glass plate with thin metal sheet for barrier rib fabrication, this process will provide the lowest cost. This back panel has weight of less than one third and thickness of one fourth of conventional glass panel. Furthermore this back panel has a base metal plate and thus provides many advantages such as excellent thermal dissipation, no thermal distortion and ease of handling due to its flexibility and robustness.
Design of embedded compute-intensive processing elements and their scheduling in a reconfigurable environment (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of solving computationally intensive algorithms such as multimedia and graphics applications. A novel methodology to design embedded compute-intensive processing elements (ECIPEs) is proposed. In order to identify common data flow patterns among core data flow graphs (DFGs), a low-complexity and parallelism-aware common subgraph extraction algorithm is proposed. In addition, a reconfiguration-aware static scheduling technique to manage task and resource dependencies is proposed. To validate the success of this approach, estimates of reconfiguration times obtained by performing several experiments (on an assorted set of algorithms taken from media standards such as MPEG-4 and frequently used graphics algorithms) are provided, and the potential for reduction in the number of reconfiguration cycles is shown.
Data embedding in audio signals (2002)

This paper presents results of two methods of embedding digital audio data into another audio signal for secure communication. The data-embedded, or stego, signal is created for transmission by modifying the power spectral density or the phase spectrum of the cover audio at the perceptually masked frequencies in each frame in accordance with the covert audio data. Embedded data in each frame is recovered from the quantized frames of the received stego signal without synchronization or reference to the original cover signal. Using utterances from Texas Instruments Massachusetts Institute of Technology (TIMIT) databases, it was found that error-free data recovery resulted in voiced and unvoiced frames, while high bit-errors occurred in frames containing voiced/unvoiced boundaries. Modifying the phase, in accordance with data, led to higher successful retrieval than modifying the spectral density of the cover audio. In both cases, no difference was detected in perceived speech quality between the cover signal and the received stego signal.