gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Teaching lens, optical systems, and opto-mechanical systems design at the Irvine Center for Applied Competitive Technologies (CACT) (2007)

For well over a decade, the Laser Electro-Optics Technology (LET) program has been teaching introductory laser and optics classes at Irvine Valley College (IVC). At the beginning of the telecom boom, the Irvine CACT was established to teach optics fabrication to support the many optics fabrication businesses in Southern California. In the past few years, these two programs have merged - with some help from the Optics Institute of Southern California (OISC) - and grown under the newly established Advanced Technology and Education Park (ATEP). IVC and ATEP are both operated by the South Orange County Community College District (SOCCCD). This year a new program of three courses was established to teach, in sequence, lens, optical systems and optomechanical systems design. This paper reviews the reasons for establishing these courses and their content, the students' motivations for taking them and their employers' incentives for encouraging the students.
A Quantization Noise Pushing Technique for $\Delta\Sigma$ Fractional-$N$ Frequency Synthesizers (2008)

This paper demonstrates our proposed quantization noise pushing technique, which moves the quantization noise to higher frequencies and utilizes the low-pass characteristic of the phased-lock loop (PLL) to further suppress the quantization noise. In addition, it can separate the operating frequency of the DeltaSigma modulator and the comparison frequency of the phase/frequency detector (PFD) so as to reduce the loop gain of the PLL and lower the in-band phase noise. This synthesizer was fabricated using the UMC 0.18-mum CMOS process. The chip area measures 0.85 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The supply voltage is 2 V, corresponding to a total power consumption of 26.8 mW. The experimental results show that, with this technique, the in-band phase noise can be lowered by 12 dB, while the out-of-band phase noise can be reduced by more than 15 dB, compared to a synthesizer with the same PFD comparison frequency.
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of .beta.-(methanesulfonyl)oxyenones with organostannanes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of .beta.-(methanesulfonyl)oxyenones with organostannanesChristina M. Hettrick, James K. Kling, and William J. ScottCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4, 1489–1492Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00004a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00004a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Contact, co-variation, and sociolinguistic salience: what Mister Rogers knows about language change (2017)

This study asks whether and how the features that define a language variety co-vary within the communities and speakers said to be representative of it. Of particular interest is the relationship between multiple variables in a setting known to promote contact-induced language change. The central idea that emerges here is that less salient linguistic variables are more likely to co-vary, that is, to be uniformly influenced by the contact setting, than are variables of higher salience. This claim is supported by an analysis of five variables in the speech of four Spanish-speaking adults, two of whom have lived their entire lives in the contact setting and two who are recent arrivals to it. The variables are (1) filled pauses, (2) the presence vs. absence of subject pronouns, (3) subject pronoun position (i.e., pre- vs. post-verbal), (4) general subject position (the pre- or post-verbal position of non-pronominal subjects, e.g. lexical NPs, clauses, etc.), and (5) coda /s/ weakening, examined in terms of rates of deletion as well two acoustic parameters. It is only with respect to the last of these features, which is highly salient sociolinguistically, that strong regionally delineated continuity in the Spanish of the U.S. born speakers is clearly observed. The four lower salience features have shifted in parallel, increasing in similarity to the use of analogous features in English. These results indicate that in a setting characterized by language contact, the fate of socio-linguistic variables is mediated by salience. Low salience features are more susceptible to the influence of the contact setting and are more likely to be uniformly reshaped by it. High salience features, in contrast, are differentiated by speakers’ greater awareness of their social signaling potential and are more likely to unfold along autonomous and individuated trajectories.
A Scalable Multimedia Multicast Protocol for Emergency Systems (2006)

Emergency system and public safety have been of major concern to authorities of all countries in the world for the last decade. It is usually the case that multi- disciplinary rescuers may need to join hands in achieving a common goal; which implies a large number of people to be coordinated. However, the deployment of a multi-disciplinary emergency system and/or the deployment of a public safety system might involve a large number of nodes in ad hoc networks. On one side, scalability of ad hoc networks has always been a challenge mainly because of limited bandwidth and limited resources of the participating nodes. While on the other side, ensuring public safety and the solicitation of quick emergency responses are always desirable but remain challenging. This paper presents a scalable multimedia multicast protocol for emergency system (SCAMMES), based on the affinity of nodes' movement in a group and the localisation of emergency operations, to distribute multimedia efficiently in Large Ad hoc Networks for Emergency System (LANES).
Nonlinear Influence of Public Services on Urban Housing Prices: A Case Study of China (2021)

Owing to China’s rapid urbanization and internal migration, public services are unevenly distributed in cities, affecting urban housing prices. This study examines the dynamic effect of China’s public service levels on urban housing prices. We used the entropy method to calculate the public service index of 30 cities in China and a panel threshold regression model to explore the relationship between urban public service levels and housing prices. We found that the degree of the effect of public service levels on urban housing prices varies with the per capita disposable income of urban residents, demonstrating an inverted U-shaped curve. The role of public services in promoting urban housing prices increases with the increase in the level of urbanization. When the level of urbanization exceeds its threshold, the enhancement effect increases. These results help us better understand the theories of housing price changes in Chinese cities and support policymakers in formulating effective control measures for the housing market.
Identification of poxvirus CD8+ T cell determinants to enable rational design and characterization of smallpox vaccines (2004)

The large size of poxvirus genomes has stymied attempts to identify determinants recognized by CD8+ T cells and greatly impeded development of mouse smallpox vaccination models. Here, we use a vaccinia virus (VACV) expression library containing each of the predicted 258 open reading frames to identify five peptide determinants that account for approximately half of the VACV-specific CD8+ T cell response in C57BL/6 mice. We show that the primary immunodominance hierarchy is greatly affected by the route of VACV infection and the poxvirus strain used. Modified vaccinia virus ankara (MVA), a candidate replacement smallpox vaccine, failed to induce responses to two of the defined determinants. This could not be predicted by genomic comparison of viruses and is not due strictly to limited MVA replication in mice. Several determinants are immunogenic in cowpox and ectromelia (mousepox) virus infections, and immunization with the immunodominant determinant provided significant protection against lethal mousepox. These findings have important implications for understanding poxvirus immunity in animal models and bench-marking immune responses to poxvirus vaccines in humans.
Proteomics-Based Methods for Discovery, Quantification, and Validation of Protein–Protein Interactions (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTProteomics-Based Methods for Discovery, Quantification, and Validation of Protein–Protein InteractionsYana V. Miteva, Hanna G. Budayeva, and Ileana M. Cristea*View Author Information 210 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States*Phone: 6092589417. Fax: 6092584575. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 2, 749–768Publication Date (Web):November 16, 2012Publication History Published online12 December 2012Published inissue 15 January 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac3033257https://doi.org/10.1021/ac3033257review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4264Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biological databases,Isolation,Mass spectrometry,Nucleic acid structure,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Enzyme and Reaction Engineering in Biocatalysis: Synthesis of (S)-Methoxyisopropylamine (= (S)-1-Methoxypropan-2-amine) (1999)

Methoxyisopropylamine is a chiral amine moiety common to the chemical structures of two important chloroacetamide herbicides, metolachlor and dimethenamid. The activity of both products lies predominantly in their (S)-enantiomeric forms. Celgro scientists have developed a high-productivity biocatalytic process to (S)-methoxyisopropylamine via transamination of methoxyacetone and isopropylamine. Biocatalyst and process optimization was achieved by integration of molecular biology, fermentation, enzymology, and engineering disciplines to identify and overcome kinetic, stability, and thermodynamic constraints on productivity. The result was a 50° vacuum reaction producing 2M (S)-methoxyisopropylamine (18 wt-%) at >99% ee, with 97% conversion of methoxyacetone in 7 h, meeting economic targets applicable to agrochemical manufacturing.
From local structure to a global framework: recognition of protein folds (2014)

Protein folding has been a major area of research for many years. Nonetheless, the mechanisms leading to the formation of an active biological fold are still not fully apprehended. The huge amount of available sequence and structural information provides hints to identify the putative fold for a given sequence. Indeed, protein structures prefer a limited number of local backbone conformations, some being characterized by preferences for certain amino acids. These preferences largely depend on the local structural environment. The prediction of local backbone conformations has become an important factor to correctly identifying the global protein fold. Here, we review the developments in the field of local structure prediction and especially their implication in protein fold recognition.
Mitochondrial biogenesis and increased uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue of mice fed a ketone ester diet (2012)

We measured the effects of a diet in which D-β-hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3 butanediol monoester [ketone ester (KE)] replaced equicaloric amounts of carbohydrate on 8-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice. Diets contained equal amounts of fat, protein, and micronutrients. The KE group was fed ad libitum, whereas the control (Ctrl) mice were pair-fed to the KE group. Blood d-β-hydroxybutyrate levels in the KE group were 3-5 times those reported with high-fat ketogenic diets. Voluntary food intake was reduced dose dependently with the KE diet. Feeding the KE diet for up to 1 mo increased the number of mitochondria and doubled the electron transport chain proteins, uncoupling protein 1, and mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating proteins in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT). [(18)F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in IBAT of the KE group was twice that in IBAT of the Ctrl group. Plasma leptin levels of the KE group were more than 2-fold those of the Ctrl group and were associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity to IBAT. The KE group exhibited 14% greater resting energy expenditure, but the total energy expenditure measured over a 24-h period or body weights was not different. The quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index was 73% higher in the KE group. These results identify KE as a potential antiobesity supplement.
Sirtuin 1 inhibition delays cyst formation in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (2013)

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2 and is characterized by the development of multiple bilateral renal cysts that replace normal kidney tissue. Here, we used Pkd1 mutant mouse models to demonstrate that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent (NAD-dependent) protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is involved in the pathophysiology of ADPKD. SIRT1 was upregulated through c-MYC in embryonic and postnatal Pkd1-mutant mouse renal epithelial cells and tissues and could be induced by TNF-α, which is present in cyst fluid during cyst development. Double conditional knockouts of Pkd1 and Sirt1 demonstrated delayed renal cyst formation in postnatal mouse kidneys compared with mice with single conditional knockout of Pkd1. Furthermore, treatment with a pan-sirtuin inhibitor (nicotinamide) or a SIRT1-specific inhibitor (EX-527) delayed cyst growth in Pkd1 knockout mouse embryonic kidneys, Pkd1 conditional knockout postnatal kidneys, and Pkd1 hypomorphic kidneys. Increased SIRT1 expression in Pkd1 mutant renal epithelial cells regulated cystic epithelial cell proliferation through deacetylation and phosphorylation of Rb and regulated cystic epithelial cell death through deacetylation of p53. This newly identified role of SIRT1 signaling in cystic renal epithelial cells provides the opportunity to develop unique therapeutic strategies for ADPKD.
Domain Adaptation in the Absence of Source Domain Data (2016)

The overwhelming majority of existing domain adaptation methods makes an assumption of freely available source domain data. An equal access to both source and target data makes it possible to measure the discrepancy between their distributions and to build representations common to both target and source domains. In reality, such a simplifying assumption rarely holds, since source data are routinely a subject of legal and contractual constraints between data owners and data customers. When source domain data can not be accessed, decision making procedures are often available for adaptation nevertheless. These procedures are often presented in the form of classification, identification, ranking etc. rules trained on source data and made ready for a direct deployment and later reuse. In other cases, the owner of a source data is allowed to share a few representative examples such as class means. In this paper we address the domain adaptation problem in real world applications, where the reuse of source domain data is limited to classification rules or a few representative examples. We extend the recent techniques of feature corruption and their marginalization, both in supervised and unsupervised settings. We test and compare them on private and publicly available source datasets and show that significant performance gains can be achieved despite the absence of source data and shortage of labeled target data.
Digitalisation, energy and data demand: The impact of Internet traffic on overall and peak electricity consumption (2018)

Over the last decade, concerns have been raised about increases in the electricity used by information technologies, other consumer electronic devices, data centres, and to a much lesser degree, Internet distribution networks. At the same time, ‘smart’ innovations are widely anticipated to help reduce energy demand across diverse sectors of society. Yet such potential savings, as well as the increasing use of other digital services, are predicated upon continued expansion of digital infrastructures. This paper focuses on the phenomenal growth in Internet traffic, as a trend with important implications for energy demand. It outlines an agenda to better understand how data demand is changing. Drawing on findings from our own research in combination with secondary data analysis, we examine the alignment of peak demand for electricity and data. Peaks in data appear to fall later in the evening, reflecting the use of online entertainment, but this is far from fixed. Overall, the paper argues that a better understanding of how everyday practices are shifting, in concert with the provision and design of online services, could provide a basis for the policies and initiatives needed to mitigate the most problematic projections of Internet energy use.
Tandem duplication of the MLL gene in myelodysplastic syndrome‐derived overt leukemia with trisomy 11 (1997)

Trisomy 11 as a sole chromosomal abnormality is a rare aberration observed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Recently a partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene, located on chromosome band 11q23, has been identified in de novo AML with trisomy 11. We describe a 72-year-old woman suffering from MDS-derived overt leukemia with trisomy 11 and a tandem duplication of the MLL gene. At first the patient was found to have myeloblasts with Auer rods in the peripheral blood and diagnosed as MDS, refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-T). After 2 months a picture of overt leukemia (AML; M2) developed as shown by an increased number of myeloblasts. Various chemotherapy regimens had little effect, and she died of disease progression 15 months after admission. During her clinical course, the chromosome analyses consistently showed 47,XX, +11. Southern blot analysis of leukemic blasts on admission and in accelerated phase revealed identical rearranged bands of the MLL gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis excluded the possibility of masked translocation of the MLL gene to other chromosomes. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis using a forward exon 6 primer and a backward exon 3 primer demonstrated an in-frame fusion of exon 8 with exon 2. Our results indicated that a partial tandem duplication of exons 2-8 of the MLL gene could be observed in MDS-derived overt leukemia as well as de novo AML with trisomy 11. Am. J. Hematol. 55:41-45, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects Of Mustard Seed Oil On Prolong On Protein-Bound Iodine,Globulin And Albumin Of Albino Rats (2014)

The effect of commercial-grade mustard seed oil on plasma protein-bound iodine (PBI), globulin and albumin levels was studied in albino rats. Group 2 (experimental rats) was given 0.1ml of the oil orally three times daily for five days, while group 1 (control) was not. At the end of the five days, the mean concentrations of PBI, globulin and albumin levels in the experimental rats were 3.96µg/ml, 0.35g/dl and 3.85mg/100ml respectively when compared with the control values of 3.43µg/ml. 0.35g/dl and 2.55mg/100ml respectively. This study indicates that mustard seed oil causes the binding away of metabolic iodine that does not involve immunologic mechanisms since the globulin level did not differ from that of the control, while not impairing the transport of thyroxine to the target organs as albumin level was not lowered. Keywords: Mustard seed oil, thyroxine, albumin and iodine.
Smart Driving of a Vehicle Using Model Predictive Control for Improving Traffic Flow (2014)

Traffic management on road networks is an emerging research field in control engineering due to the strong demand to alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas. Interaction among vehicles frequently causes congestion as well as bottlenecks in road capacity. In dense traffic, waves of traffic density propagate backward as drivers try to keep safe distances through frequent acceleration and deceleration. This paper presents a vehicle driving system in a model predictive control framework that effectively improves traffic flow. The vehicle driving system regulates safe intervehicle distance under the bounded driving torque condition by predicting the preceding traffic. It also focuses on alleviating the effect of braking on the vehicles that follow, which helps jamming waves attenuate to in the traffic. The proposed vehicle driving system has been evaluated through numerical simulation in dense traffic.