gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The High Affinity IgE Receptor (FcεRI) as a Target for Anti-allergic Agents (2005)

Prevention of the effector cell activation via high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) is thought to be a straightforward strategy for suppressing the allergic reaction. Among the numerous methods to prevent the activation through FcεRI, three versions are described in this article. The first and second ideas involve inhibition of binding between FcεRI and IgE with a soluble form of the FceRI α chain and a humanized antibody directed against the a chain, respectively. Both of these paths involve suppression the histamine release from human peripheral blood basophils in vitro. They also inhibited the allergic reaction in vivo. The soluble α inhibited the anaphylactic reaction in rodents and the Fab fragments of the humanized anti-FcεRI α chain antibody suppressed the dermal response in rhesus monkeys. The third idea involves repression of FcεRI expression by suppressing the transcription of the genes encoding the subunits of FceRI. Although no plausible candidate molecule for actualizing this idea can be identified at present, further analyses of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the human FcεRI α and β chain genes will lead to the discovery of novel targets for developing anti-allergic agents.
Large Scale Phased Array Calibration Using Satellites (2019)

We describe a new method for calibrating large phased arrays using satellites of opportunity (SarCal), that permits rapid calibration of large phased arrays on site, and removes the need for expensive near field facility testing. This calibration method has been demonstrated on a large S-Band phased array, and its accuracy validated.
Two-fiber optical shared protection ring with bi-directional 4/spl times/4 optical switch fabrics (2001)

A two-fiber optical shared protection ring has been demonstrated with a protection time under 7 ms, and a revert to normal time of under 2 ms. The number of 4/spl times/4 optical switch fabrics required to perform the protection switching has been reduced from two per optical channel to one. This reduction in number of optical switches is enabled by the inclusion of interleavers to separate and combine the two wavelengths of the duplex optical channel. The switches then operated in a bi-directional fashion, allowing the add and drop of an optical channel to propagate the same optical path through the switch. This leads to cost savings if eight interleavers or bandsplitters cost less than the 4/spl times/4 optical switch fabric technology being used.
<title>Texture analysis of pulmonary parenchyma in normal and emphysematous lung</title> (1996)

Tissue characterization using texture analysis is gaining increasing importance in medical imaging. We present a completely automated method for discriminating between normal and emphysematous regions from CT images. This method involves extracting seventeen features which are based on statistical, hybrid and fractal texture models. The best subset of features is derived from the training set using the divergence technique. A minimum distance classifier is used to classify the samples into one of the two classes--normal and emphysema. Sensitivity and specificity and accuracy values achieved were 80% or greater in most cases proving that texture analysis holds great promise in identifying emphysema.
Pixel-Level Deep Segmentation: Artificial Intelligence Quantifies Muscle on Computed Tomography for Body Morphometric Analysis (2017)

Pretreatment risk stratification is key for personalized medicine. While many physicians rely on an "eyeball test" to assess whether patients will tolerate major surgery or chemotherapy, "eyeballing" is inherently subjective and difficult to quantify. The concept of morphometric age derived from cross-sectional imaging has been found to correlate well with outcomes such as length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. However, the determination of the morphometric age is time intensive and requires highly trained experts. In this study, we propose a fully automated deep learning system for the segmentation of skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) on an axial computed tomography image taken at the third lumbar vertebra. We utilized a fully automated deep segmentation model derived from an extended implementation of a fully convolutional network with weight initialization of an ImageNet pre-trained model, followed by post processing to eliminate intramuscular fat for a more accurate analysis. This experiment was conducted by varying window level (WL), window width (WW), and bit resolutions in order to better understand the effects of the parameters on the model performance. Our best model, fine-tuned on 250 training images and ground truth labels, achieves 0.93 ± 0.02 Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 3.68 ± 2.29% difference between predicted and ground truth muscle CSA on 150 held-out test cases. Ultimately, the fully automated segmentation system can be embedded into the clinical environment to accelerate the quantification of muscle and expanded to volume analysis of 3D datasets.
Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon-Enabled Broadband Light-Harvesting Enhancement for High-Efficiency Panchromatic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

In photovoltaic devices, light harvesting (LH) and carrier collection have opposite relations with the thickness of the photoactive layer, which imposes a fundamental compromise for the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Unbalanced LH at different wavelengths further reduces the achievable PCE. Here, we report a novel approach to broadband balanced LH and panchromatic solar energy conversion using multiple-core–shell structured oxide-metal-oxide plasmonic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles feature tunable localized surface plasmon resonance frequencies and the required thermal stability during device fabrication. By simply blending the plasmonic nanoparticles with available photoactive materials, the broadband LH of practical photovoltaic devices can be significantly enhanced. We demonstrate a panchromatic dye-sensitized solar cell with an increased PCE from 8.3% to 10.8%, mainly through plasmon-enhanced photoabsorption in the otherwise less harvested region of solar spectrum. This general and simple strategy also highlights easy fabrication, and may benefit solar cells using other photoabsorbers or other types of solar-harvesting devices.
Enhanced Privacy ID from Bilinear Pairing for Hardware Authentication and Attestation (2010)

Enhanced Privacy ID (EPID) is a cryptographic scheme that enables the remote authentication and attestation of a hardware device while preserving the privacy of the device. EPID can be seen as a direct anonymous attestation scheme with enhanced revocation capabilities. In EPID, a device can be revoked if the private key embedded in the hardware device has been extracted and published widely so that the revocation manager finds the corrupted private key. In addition, the revocation manager can revoke a device based on the signatures the device has created, if the private key of the device is not known. In this paper, we introduce a new security notion of EPID including the formal definitions of anonymity and unforgeability. We also give a construction of an EPID scheme from bilinear pairing. Our EPID scheme is efficient and provably secure in the random oracle model under the strong Diffie-Hellman assumption and the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption.
Stereospecific conversion of penicillin to thienamycin (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific conversion of penicillin to thienamycinSandor Karady, Joseph S. Amato, Robert A. Reamer, and Leonard M. WeinstockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 22, 6765–6767Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00412a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00412a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views691Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An architecture and admission control algorithm for multi-precedence voice over IP (VolP) calls (2005)

Packet networks provide an environment where different types of network applications like voice and video would converge in a common physical network infrastructure. For the military networks, convergence may prove beneficial since this would enable the easy implementation of rich multimedia applications such as voice and data. Voice over IP (VoIP) is a technology that enables the transmission of voice over an IP network. A challenging task for the commercial application of VoIP is the fact that classical IP networks do not provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees that voice transmission requires. This requirement is even more important in the military environment since these networks carry mission-critical communication. In addition, military networks need to support different levels of voice precedence classes such that each class may see a different call blocking probability and high precedence calls may preempt lower precedence calls if the network resources are not adequate for both. In this paper, we introduce a novel QoS architecture and a measurement-based call admission control algorithm that supports quality of service for multiple voice classes. The algorithm uses link utilization measurements to derive call blocking decisions. The performance modeling results suggest that our proposed solution can limit the packet loss ratio, and hence guarantee voice QoS, even during major traffic overloads.
Efficacy of Cladribine Tablets in ORACLE Study Patients Who Retrospectively Met 2010 McDonald Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Criteria at Baseline (P3.035) (2016)

Objective: To investigate the effects of cladribine tablets over 96 weeks on time to a next relapse or disability worsening, after applying the 2010 McDonald criteria to the ORACLE-MS patient cohort at baseline. Background: ORACLE-MS showed that cladribine 3.5 and 5.25 mg/kg decreases significantly the risk of conversion to clinically definite MS (a combined endpoint of next relapse or 3-month confirmed EDSS progression) compared with placebo, in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event. Methods: In ORACLE-MS, patients were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo or 1 of 2 cumulative doses of cladribine (3.5 or 5.25 mg/kg bodyweight). For the present analysis, the risk of next relapse or disability progression was determined in those patients who would have fulfilled the revised McDonald 2010 criteria for MS at baseline per retrospective review of MRI scans. Results: Of 616 patients in ORACLE-MS, 36.2[percnt] would have met the criteria for diagnosis of MS if the 2010 McDonald diagnostic criteria had been applied at baseline. In these patients, the risk of the combined endpoint of a next relapse or 3-month confirmed disability progression was significantly lower in patients treated with cladribine 3.5 mg/kg (n=68) than in placebo (N=72) recipients (HR 0.26, 95[percnt]CI 0.12-0.58; p=0.0009), consistent with a risk reduction of 74[percnt] relative to placebo. Risk of the combined endpoint was also lower in patients treated with cladribine 5.25 mg/kg (n=83); however, the difference vs. placebo was not significant (HR 0.63, 95[percnt]CI 0.34-1.16; p=0.1364). In the overall all-patient analysis of ORACLE-MS, the incidence of adverse events was similar across treatment groups. Conclusions: This retrospective analysis shows that in patients who met the 2010 McDonald MS criteria at baseline, the risk of further relapse/disability worsening was significantly reduced with cladribine 3.5 mg/kg vs. placebo. Study supported by: Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany
Ir(III) Cyclometalated Complexes Containing Phenylphenanthridine Ligands with Different Substitutions: Effects on the Electrochemiluminescence Properties (2020)

A family of neutral bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes based on phenanthridine (phent) derivates as cyclometalating ligands and picolinate as an ancillary ligand are described. The influence of extended conjugation, rigidity, and hydrophobicity as well as the electronic nature of the substituents were investigated in relation to the photoluminescence, PL, and electrochemiluminescence, ECL, properties. A significant increase of ECL in aqueous media is observed upon extension of the aromatic system or by substituting the phenyl with a dibenzofurane moiety, in compounds <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>, respectively. Under real immunoassay conditions, these complexes achieve up to 4-fold higher ECL efficiency than the commercial ruthenium standard. These values, among the highest reported in the literature under these conditions, confirm the potential of iridium complexes as alternative labels in commercial instruments.
Hepcidin-induced internalization of ferroportin requires binding and cooperative interaction with Jak2 (2009)

Hepcidin is a hormone secreted in response to iron loading and inflammation. Hepcidin binds to the iron exporter ferroportin, inducing its degradation and thus preventing iron entry into plasma. We determined that hepcidin binding to ferroportin leads to the binding and activation of the protein Janus Kinase2 (Jak2), which is required for phosphorylation of ferroportin. Ferroportin is a dimer and both monomers must be capable of binding hepcidin for Jak2 to bind to ferroportin. Once Jak2 is bound to the ferroportin dimer, both ferroportin monomers must be functionally competent to activate Jak2 and for ferroportin to be phosphorylated. These results show that cooperativity between the ferroportin monomers is required for hepcidin-mediated Jak2 activation and ferroportin down-regulation. These results provide a molecular explanation for the dominant inheritance of hepcidin resistant iron overload disease.
A mechatronic based robotic system for knee surgery (2002)

The paper describes experiments using a new concept in mechatronic robot surgery: that of a robot with a force control handle moved by the surgeon. The surgeon back-drives the robot under servo-assistance, whilst feeling the force from a rotating cutter during surgery, for example, in total knee replacement. Thus, when machining the knee bones to take a prosthetic metal replacement, the surgeon can use his inherent sensing to slow down, or take a lighter cut, when cutting hard bone. The robot however, can be provided with regions of force constraint so that, say, a flat or curved plane can be cut accurately into the bone to allow the prosthetic implant to be subsequently fitted. At the same time the robot can also be programmed to prevent entry to adjacent regions, thus avoiding damage to features such as ligaments. An experimental system using this active constraint robot (or ACROBOT) for knee surgery is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of a Diverse Purine‐Scaffold Library via One‐Step Palladium Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling. (2013)

Abstract A library of 6′‐substituted derivatives of Hsp90 inhibitor PU‐H71 (I) is synthesized by Suzuki, Stille, Heck, and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions (45 examples).
TruffleBot: Low-Cost Multi-Parametric Machine Olfaction (2018)

This paper presents a low-cost and flexible platform for bio-inspired machine olfaction, which aims to extend traditional electronic nose approaches by adding fluid-mechanical and spatiotemporal dimensions. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TruffleBot</i> contains an array of chemical, pressure, and temperature sensors in a small embedded platform. By “sniffing” vapors in a temporally-modulated sequence through four different air paths across eight sensor locations, we introduce spatial and temporal information that significantly enhances classification of odors. Using only chemical time series, we demonstrate 91% cross-validated classification accuracy for nine odors. With the addition of pressure and temperature time series, TruffieBot's classification accuracy can reach 95-98%.
Nonplanar photolithography with computer-generated holograms (2005)

We outline a method for accomplishing photolithography on grossly nonplanar substrates. First we compute an approximation of the diffraction pattern that will produce the desired light-intensity distribution on the substrate to be patterned. This pattern is then digitized and converted into a format suitable for manufacture by a direct-write method. The resultant computer-generated hologram mask is then used in a custom alignment tool to expose the photoresist-coated substrate. The technique has many potential applications in the packaging of microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems.
TFET-based Operational Transconductance Amplifier Design for CNN Systems (2015)

A Cellular Neural Network (CNN) is a powerful processor that can significantly improve the performance of spatio-temporal applications such as pattern recognition, image processing, motion detection, when compared to the more traditional von Neumann architecture. In this paper, we show how tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) can be utilized to enhance the performance of CNNs. Specifically, power consumption of TFET-based CNNs can be significantly lower when compared to MOSFET-based CNNs due to improved voltage controlled current sources (VCCSs) - an important component in CNN systems. We demonstrate that CNNs can benefit from low power conventional linear VCCSs implemented via TFETs. We also show that TFETs can be useful to realize non-linear VCCSs, which are either not possible or exhibit degraded performance when implemented via CMOS. Such non-linear VCCSs help to improve the performance of certain CNN operations (e.g., global maximum/minimum). We provide two case studies - image contrast enhancement and maximum row selection - that illustrate the benefits of non-linear VCCSs (e.g., reduced computation time, energy dissipation, etc.) when compared to CMOS-based approaches.
Creating Nested Mappings with Clio (2007)

Schema mappings play a central role in many data integration and data exchange scenarios. In those applications, users need to quickly and correctly specify how data represented in one format is converted into a different format. Clio (L. Popa et al., 2002) is a joint research project between IBM and the University of Toronto studying the creation, maintenance, and use of schema mappings. There have always been two goals in our work in Clio: 1) the automatic creation of logical assertions that capture the way one or more source schemas are mapped into a target schema, and 2) the generation of transformation queries or programs that transform a source data instance into a target data instance.
Neural network pattern recognition by means of differential absorption Mueller matrix spectroscopy (1999)

Artificial neural network systems were built for detecting amino acids, sugars, and other solid organic matter by pattern recognition of their polarized light scattering signatures in the form of a Mueller matrix. Backward-error propagation and adaptive gradient descent methods perform network training. The product of the training is a weight matrix that, when applied as a filter, discerns the presence of the analytes on the basis of their cued susceptive Mueller matrix difference elements. This filter function can be implemented as a software or a hardware module to a future differential absorption Mueller matrix spectrometer.
Thermal stabilization of a microring resonator using bandgap temperature sensor (2015)

We demonstrate a thermal stabilization method for a microring modulator by measuring the absolute temperature of the ring and surrounding areas using two pairs of matched p-n junctions. Stabilization is accomplished without needing optical power.
Xpert MTB/XDR: a 10-Color Reflex Assay Suitable for Point-of-Care Settings To Detect Isoniazid, Fluoroquinolone, and Second-Line-Injectable-Drug Resistance Directly from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Positive Sputum (2020)

We describe the design, development, analytical performance, and a limited clinical evaluation of the 10-color Xpert MTB/XDR assay (CE-IVD only, not for sale in the United States). This assay is intended as a reflex test to detect resistance to isoniazid (INH), fluoroquinolones (FLQ), ethionamide (ETH), and second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs) in unprocessed sputum samples and concentrated sputum sediments which are positive for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> The Xpert MTB/XDR assay simultaneously amplifies eight genes and promoter regions in <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and analyzes melting temperatures (<i>T<sub>m</sub></i> s) using sloppy molecular beacon (SMB) probes to identify mutations associated with INH, FLQ, ETH, and SLID resistance. Results can be obtained in under 90 min using 10-color GeneXpert modules. The assay can differentiate low- versus high-level resistance to INH and FLQ as well as cross-resistance versus individual resistance to SLIDs by identifying mutation-specific <i>T<sub>m</sub></i> s or <i>T<sub>m</sub></i> patterns generated by the SMB probes. The assay has a limit of detection comparable to that of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and successfully detected 16 clinically significant mutations in a challenge set of clinical isolate DNA. In a clinical study performed at two sites with 100 sputum and 214 clinical isolates, the assay showed a sensitivity of 94% to 100% and a specificity of 100% for all drugs except for ETH compared to that of sequencing. The sensitivity and specificity were in the same ranges as those of phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing. Used in combination with a primary tuberculosis diagnostic test, this assay should expand the capacity for detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis near the point of care.
Assessing the biomechanical properties of the porcine crystalline lens as a function of intraocular pressure with optical coherence elastography (2018)

In this study, we investigated the relationship between the biomechanical properties of the crystalline lens and intraocular pressure (IOP) using a confocal acoustic radiation force (ARF) and phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (OCE) system. ARF induced a small displacement at the apex of porcine lenses <i>in situ</i> at various artificially controlled IOPs. Maximum displacement, relaxation rate, and Young's modulus were utilized to assess the stiffness of the crystalline lens. The results showed that the stiffness of the crystalline increased as IOP increased, but the lens stiffening was not as significant as the stiffening of other ocular tissues such as the cornea and the sclera. A mechanical hysteresis in the lens was also observed while cycling IOP, indicating that the viscoelastic response of the lens is crucial to fully understanding its biomechanical properties.
The production of strawberry plants by<i>in vitro</i>micro-propagation (1974)

SummaryIn the presence of 6-benzylaminopurine strawberry plants produce many axillary buds which grow into shoots bearing more axillary buds. Rooted plantlets, however, are only formed in the absence of added cytokinins. A technique that can be used to multiply large numbers of strawberry plants very quickly is described.