gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bottom-Up Fabrication of Activated Carbon Fiber for All-Solid-State Supercapacitor with Excellent Electrochemical Performance (2016)

Activated carbon (AC) is the most extensively used electrode material for commercial electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) given its high specific surface area (SSA) and moderate cost. However, AC is primarily used in the forms of powders, which remains a big challenge in developing AC powders into continuous fibers. If AC powders can be processed into fiber, then they may be scaled up for practical applications to supercapacitors (SCs) and satisfy the rapid development of flexible electronics. Herein, we report a bottom-up method to fabricate AC fiber employing graphene oxide (GO) as both dispersant and binder. After chemical reduction, the fiber has high electrical conductivity (185 S m(-1)), high specific surface area (1476.5 m(2) g(-1)), and good mechanical flexibility. An all solid-state flexible SC was constructed using the prepared fiber as electrode, which is free of binder, conducting additive, and additional current collector. The fiber-shaped SC shows high capacitance (27.6 F cm(-3) or 43.8 F g(-1), normalized to the two-electrode volume), superior cyclability (90.4% retention after 10 000 cycles), and good bendability (96.8% retention after bending 1000 times).
Potential antileprotic agents. 3. Inhibition of mycobacterial dihydrofolic reductase by 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-alkylquinazolines (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential antileprotic agents. 3. Inhibition of mycobacterial dihydrofolic reductase by 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-alkylquinazolinesJ. I. DeGraw, V. H. Brown, W. T. Colwell, and N. E. MorrisonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 7, 762–764Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00253a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00253a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On computing three-finger force-closure grasps of polygonal objects (1995)

This paper addresses the problem of computing stable grasps of 2-D polygonal objects. We consider the case of a hand equipped with three hard fingers and assume point contact with friction. We prove new sufficient conditions for equilibrium and force closure that are linear in the unknown grasp parameters. This reduces computing the stable grasp regions in configuration space to constructing the three-dimensional projection of a five-dimensional polytope. We present an efficient projection algorithm based on linear programming and variable elimination among linear constraints. Maximal object segments where fingers can be positioned independently while ensuring force closure are found by linear optimization within the grasp regions. The approach has been implemented and several examples are presented.
Catalytic Synthesis of <i>n</i>-Alkyl Arenes through Alkyl Group Cross-Metathesis (2013)

n-Alkyl arenes were prepared in a one-pot tandem dehydrogenation/olefin metathesis/hydrogenation sequence directly from alkanes and ethylbenzene. Excellent selectivity was observed when ((tBu)PCP)IrH2 was paired with tungsten monoaryloxide pyrrolide complexes such as W(NAr)(C3H6)(pyr)(OHIPT) (1a) [Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3; pyr = pyrrolide; OHIPT = 2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3O]. Complex 1a was also especially active in n-octane self-metathesis, providing the highest product concentrations reported to date. The thermal stability of selected olefin metathesis catalysts allowed elevated temperatures and extended reaction times to be employed.
Stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emission: Measurements in humans and simulations with an active cochlear model (2008)

An efficient method for measuring stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) was developed incorporating (1) stimulus with swept frequency or level and (2) the digital heterodyne analysis. SFOAEs were measured for 550-1450 Hz and stimulus levels of 32-62 dB sound pressure level in eight normal human adults. The mean level, number of peaks, frequency spacing between peaks, phase change, and energy-weighted group delays of SFOAEs were determined. Salient features of the human SFOAEs were stimulated with an active cochlear model containing spatially low-pass filtered irregularity in the impedance. An objective fitting procedure yielded an optimal set of model parameters where, with decreasing stimulus level, the amount of cochlear amplification and the base amplitude of the irregularity increased while the spatial low-pass cutoff and the slope of the spatial low-pass filter decreased. The characteristics of the human cochlea were inferred with the model. In the model, an SFOAE consisted of a long-delay component originating from irregularity in a traveling-wave peak region and a short-delay component originating from irregularity in regions remote from the peak. The results of this study should be useful both for understanding cochlear function and for developing a clinical method of assessing cochlear status.
Nucleotide-Induced Stable Complex Formation by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (1997)

Nondenaturing gel electrophoresis was used to study the nucleotide substrate-induced conformational change in reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Dead-end complex was formed between HIV-1 RT, dideoxynucleotide chain-terminated primer, and DNA template in the presence of deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) complementary to the next position on the template. Complexes which form in the absence of the next complementary dNTP were disrupted by adding excess poly(rA)/oligo(dT) or heparin just prior to electrophoresis. Dead-end complex formation by noncomplementary dNTP's or ribonucleotides was at least 2000-fold less efficient than with the complementary nucleotide. When dA was the next nucleotide on the template, analogues of dTTP supported dead-end complex formation with increased apparent Kd (dTTP < dideoxy-TTP ≈ α-thio-dTTP < dUTP < 3‘-azidothymidine triphosphate). A similar relationship was observed for dGTP analogues across from dC on the template (dGTP < dideoxy-GTP < α-thio-dGTP << dITP < dideoxy-ITP). The optimal length of the primer/template duplex region for dead-end complex formation was between 20 and 32 base pairs. Primer-template with a mismatched primer terminus did not support dead-end complex formation, and primer terminated with 3‘-azidothymidine formed dead-end complex with 25-fold elevated apparent Kd. By contrast, dead-end complex formation on primer terminated with dideoxy-IMP base paired with dC on the template was more efficient than on primer terminated with dideoxy-GMP. Implications for the mechanisms of discrimination between nucleotide analogues by HIV-1 RT are discussed.
Metabolic Engineering of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in the Yeast <i>Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous</i> ( <i>Phaffia rhodozyma</i> ) (2003)

The crtYB locus was used as an integrative platform for the construction of specific carotenoid biosynthetic mutants in the astaxanthin-producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The crtYB gene of X. dendrorhous, encoding a chimeric carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme, could be inactivated by both single and double crossover events, resulting in non-carotenoid-producing transformants. In addition, the crtYB gene, linked to either its homologous or a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter, was overexpressed in the wild type and a beta-carotene-accumulating mutant of X. dendrorhous. In several transformants containing multiple copies of the crtYB gene, the total carotenoid content was higher than in the control strain. This increase was mainly due to an increase of the beta-carotene and echinone content, whereas the total content of astaxanthin was unaffected or even lower. Overexpression of the phytoene synthase-encoding gene (crtI) had a large impact on the ratio between mono- and bicyclic carotenoids. Furthermore, we showed that in metabolic engineered X. dendrorhous strains, the competition between the enzymes phytoene desaturase and lycopene cyclase for lycopene governs the metabolic flux either via beta-carotene to astaxanthin or via 3,4-didehydrolycopene to 3-hydroxy-3'-4'-didehydro-beta-psi-caroten-4-one (HDCO). The monocylic carotenoid torulene and HDCO, normally produced as minority carotenoids, were the main carotenoids produced in these strains.
Observation of microscopic diffusion anisotropy in the spinal cord using double‐pulsed gradient spin echo MRI (2008)

A double-pulsed gradient spin echo (d-PGSE) filtered MRI sequence is proposed to detect microscopic diffusion anisotropy in heterogeneous specimen. The technique was developed, in particular, to characterize local microscopic anisotropy in specimens that are macroscopically isotropic, such as gray matter. In such samples, diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) produces an isotropic or nearly isotropic diffusion tensor despite the fact that the medium may be anisotropic at a microscopic length scale. Using d-PGSE filtered MRI, microscopic anisotropy was observed in a "gray matter" phantom consisting of randomly oriented tubes filled with water, as well as in fixed pig spinal cord, within a range of b-values that can be readily achieved on clinical and small animal MR scanners. These findings suggest a potential use for this new contrast mechanism in clinical studies and biological research applications.
Measurements of the horizontal coefficient of restitution for a superball and a tennis ball (2002)

When a ball is incident obliquely on a flat surface, the rebound spin, speed, and angle generally differ from the corresponding incident values. Measurements of all three quantities were made using a digital video camera to film the bounce of a tennis ball incident with zero spin at various angles on several different surfaces. The maximum spin rate of a spherical ball is determined by the condition that the ball commences to roll at the end of the impact. Under some conditions, the ball was found to spin faster than this limit. This result can be explained if the ball or the surface stores energy elastically due to deformation in a direction parallel to the surface. The latter effect was investigated by comparing the bounce of a tennis ball with that of a superball. Ideally, the coefficient of restitution (COR) of a superball is 1.0 in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The COR for the superball studied was found to be 0.76 in the horizontal direction, and the corresponding COR for a tennis ball was found to vary from −0.51 to +0.24 depending on the incident angle and the coefficient of sliding friction.
Heuristics for Similarity Searching of Chemical Graphs Using a Maximum Common Edge Subgraph Algorithm (2002)

Recently a method (RASCAL) for determining graph similarity using a maximum common edge subgraph algorithm has been proposed which has proven to be very efficient when used to calculate the relative similarity of chemical structures represented as graphs. This paper describes heuristics which simplify a RASCAL similarity calculation by taking advantage of certain properties specific to chemical graph representations of molecular structure. These heuristics are shown experimentally to increase the efficiency of the algorithm, especially at more distant values of chemical graph similarity.
FinFET compact modelling for analogue and RF applications (2010)

A new, compact expression for the effective FinFET gate resistance is derived and validated on experimental data. Moreover, FinFET thermal noise measurements are presented and analyzed. We show that the observed increase of drain current noise with drain-source voltage is not due to microscopic excess noise, but to the access resistances, which modify the transfer of channel thermal noise to the terminals.
Integrating traffic velocity data into predictive energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2015)

Recent advances in the traffic monitoring systems have made traffic velocity information accessible in real time. This paper proposes a supervised predictive energy management framework aiming to improve the fuel economy of a power-split plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) by incorporating dynamic traffic feedback data. Compared with conventional model predictive control (MPC), an additional supervisory state of charge (SOC) planning level is constructed in this framework. A power balance PHEV model is developed for this upper level to rapidly generate optimal battery SOC trajectories, which are utilized as final state constraints in the MPC level. The proposed PHEV energy management framework is evaluated under three different scenarios: (i) without traffic information, (ii) with static traffic information, and (iii) with dynamic traffic information. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy successfully integrates dynamic traffic velocity into the PHEV energy management, and achieves 5% better fuel economy compared with when no traffic information is utilized.
Light-emitting Diodes: A Brief Review and Clinical Experience. (2015)

Review of the literature revealed that differing wavelengths of light-emitting diode devices have many beneficial effects, including wound healing, acne treatment, sunburn prevention, phototherapy for facial rhytides, and skin rejuvenation. The authors' clinical experience with a specific yellow light-emitting diode device was mixed, depending on the condition being treated, and was likely influenced by the device parameters.
Computing the Pseudoinverse of Specific Toeplitz Matrices Using Rank-One Updates (2016)

Application of the pure rank-one update algorithm as well as a combination of rank-one updates and the Sherman-Morrison formula in computing the Moore-Penrose inverse of the particular Toeplitz matrix is investigated in the present paper. Such Toeplitz matrices appear in the image restoration process and in many scientific areas that use the convolution. Four different approaches are developed, implemented, and tested on a number of numerical experiments.
Magnetic resonance elastography of the lung parenchyma in an in situ porcine model with a noninvasive mechanical driver: Correlation of shear stiffness with trans‐respiratory system pressures (2011)

Quantification of the mechanical properties of lung parenchyma is an active field of research due to the association of this metric with normal function, disease initiation and progression. A phase contrast MRI-based elasticity imaging technique known as magnetic resonance elastography is being investigated as a method for measuring the shear stiffness of lung parenchyma. Previous experiments performed with small animals using invasive drivers in direct contact with the lungs have indicated that the quantification of lung shear modulus with (1) H based magnetic resonance elastography is feasible. This technique has been extended to an in situ porcine model with a noninvasive mechanical driver placed on the chest wall. This approach was tested to measure the change in parenchymal stiffness as a function of airway opening pressure (P(ao) ) in 10 adult pigs. In all animals, shear stiffness was successfully quantified at four different P(ao) values. Mean (±STD error of mean) pulmonary parenchyma density corrected stiffness values were calculated to be 1.48 (±0.09), 1.68 (±0.10), 2.05 (±0.13), and 2.23 (±0.17) kPa for P(ao) values of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O, respectively. Shear stiffness increased with increasing P(ao) , in agreement with the literature. It is concluded that in an in situ porcine lung shear stiffness can be quantitated with (1) H magnetic resonance elastography using a noninvasive mechanical driver and that it is feasible to measure the change in shear stiffness due to change in P(ao) .
Supply Chain using Smart Contract: A Blockchain enabled model with Traceability and Ownership Management (2019)

The concept of openness and decentralization is one which people have desired since years. Everyone wants transactional data to be transparent. When sensitive data are on the hand of third-parties, it may be susceptible to frauds and misuse. The advent of blockchain, a decentralized technology in cryptocurrency, has revealed an appropriate solution to address such issues. Blockchain maintains the integrity of a transaction. It not only secures from tempering and fraud but also ensures transactions are verifiable without involvement of an intermediate. Therefore, blockchain is applied to different decentralized domains that require trusted computing. Supply chain is one of these domains, that can benefit from trustworthy decentralized transactions initiated by multiple stakeholders. This paper presents a general model for a blockchain enabled supply chain. We have implemented this model using three smart contracts on an Ethereum platform. We have provided evidence of our verification and validation efforts. Our results convey the feasibility of the approach, which can streamline the administrative processes, and automatize the transactions making the system more efficient and transparent.
Role of P2X purinergic receptors in the rescue of ischemic heart failure (2008)

Evidence is accumulating to support the presence of P2X purinergic receptors in the heart. However, the biological role of this receptor remains to be defined. The objectives here were to determine the role of cardiac P2X receptors in modulating the progression of post-myocardial infarction ischemic heart failure and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) is an important subunit of native cardiac P2X receptors, and the cardiac-specific transgenic overexpression of P2X4R (Tg) was developed as a model. Left anterior descending artery ligation resulted in similar infarct size between Tg and wild-type (WT) mice (P > 0.1). However, Tg mice showed an enhanced cardiac contractile performance at 7 days, 1 mo, and 2 mo after infarction and an increased survival at 1 and 2 mo after infarction (P < 0.01). The enhanced intact heart function was manifested by a greater global left ventricular developed pressure and rate of contraction of left ventricular pressure in vitro and by a significantly increased fractional shortening and systolic thickening in the noninfarcted region in vivo (P < 0.05). The salutary effects on the ischemic heart failure phenotype were seen in both sexes and were not the result of any difference in infarct size in Tg versus WT hearts. An enhanced contractile function of the noninfarcted area in the Tg heart was likely an important rescuing mechanism. The cardiac P2X receptor is a novel target to treat post-myocardial infarction ischemic heart failure.
Influencia de los market-makers en el spread bid-ask.: Un enfoque basado en procesos estocásticos. (2012)

espanolUna forma indirecta de medir la asimetria de informacion es en funcion del spread de los precios accionarios. El proposito de este trabajo es analizar el comportamiento del spread bid-ask aplicando metodologias estocasticas. En primer lugar modelar el comportamiento del spread para algunas empresas, y en segundo lugar, analizar la influencia que puedan tener en el spread los actores que participan en la intermediacion de valores de oferta publica. La metodologia utilizada para modelar la serie de tiempo de cada una de las empresas analizadas esta basada en procesos estocasticos en los cuales la varianza condicionada de la informacion pasada no es constante: ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH, PARCH. El analisis realizado demuestra que existe una relacion entre el spread y el tamano de los agentes de bolsa. EnglishThe purpose of this paper is to apply a particular methodology to analyze the behavior of the bid-ask spread of a survey of companies. Firstly, model the behavior of the spread of a survey of companies; secondly, the influence that may have the actors involved in trading securities in the capital market. In the methodology used for modeling time series is assumed that the conditional variance of stochastic processes is not constant. Therefore, we used ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH and PARCH models. The analyze shows that exist a relationship between the size of the broker and the spread.
Graphene on SiC as a Q-switcher for a 2 μm laser (2012)

Double-layer graphene epitaxially grown on silicon carbide was used to Q-switch a Tm:YAG laser. Stable Q-switched laser pulses at the central wavelength of 2.01 μm were obtained. The maximum average output power, pulse repetition rate, and single pulse energy were 38 mW, 27.9 kHz, and 1.74 μJ, respectively. Our results illustrate that graphene can be used as a saturable absorber at the 2 μm region.
Cancer Epigenetics: Mechanisms and Crosstalk of a HDAC Inhibitor, Vorinostat (2013)

In recent years, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), a novel class of agents that targets mechanistic abnormalities in cancers, have shown promising anti-cancer activity in both hematological and solid cancers. Among them, vorinostat was approved by FDA to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and is being evaluated in other cancer types. Although initially designed to target histone deacetylase, vorinostat were found to have additional effects on other epigenetic machineries, for example acetylation of non-HDAC, methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression. In this review, we examined all known mechanisms of action for vorinostat. We also summarized the current findings on the `crosstalk' between different epigenetic machineries. These findings suggest that improved understanding of epigenetic regulatory role of vorinostat and/or other HDACis will provide novel insights in improving utilization of this class of novel agents.