gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zero-forcing blind equalization based on subspace estimation for multiuser systems (2001)

Input signal recovery from frequency-selective fading channels is a problem of great theoretical and practical importance. We present several new blind algorithms that utilize second-order statistics for direct multichannel equalization. The algorithms are based on the subspace extraction of a preselected block column of the channel convolution matrix. For a multiuser system, user signal separation can be achieved based on partial information of the composite channel response. These equalization algorithms do not rely on the precise separation of signal and noise subspaces and therefore tend to be less sensitive to channel order (or column rank) estimation errors. Equalization is directly achieved without channel identification. Furthermore, the equalizability conditions of these algorithms are discussed.
A self‐healing biomaterial based on free‐radical polymerization (2013)

Self-healing chemistry used for damage repair have not previously been demonstrated for free-radical polymerization pathways. However, this chemistry is important for addition polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) used in bone cement and epoxy vinyl ester used in dental resins. Self-healing biomaterials offer the potential for safer and longer lasting implants and restoratives by slowing or arresting crack damage. In the free-radical self-healing system reported here, the three components required for polymerization (free-radical peroxide initiator, tertiary amine activator, and vinyl acrylate monomers) are compartmentalized into two separate microcapsules-one containing the peroxide initiator, and the other containing both monomer and activator. Crack damage ruptures the capsules so that the three components mix and react to form a new polymer that effectively rebonds the crack and restores approximately 75% of the original fracture toughness. Optimal healing is obtained by a systematic evaluation of the effect of monomer, initiator, and activator concentration on healing performance.
Improving Approximate Value Iteration with Complex Returns by Bounding (2015)

Approximate value iteration (AVI) is a widely used technique in reinforcement learning. Most AVI methods do not take full advantage of the sequential relationship between samples within a trajectory in deriving value estimates, due to the challenges in dealing with the inherent bias and variance in the $n$-step returns. We propose a bounding method which uses a negatively biased but relatively low variance estimator generated from a complex return to provide a lower bound on the observed value of a traditional one-step return estimator. In addition, we develop a new Bounded FQI algorithm, which efficiently incorporates the bounding method into an AVI framework. Experiments show that our method produces more accurate value estimates than existing approaches, resulting in improved policies.
Synthesis of polymers with controlled stereochemistry using olefin metathesis catalysts (2014)

Ruthenium based olefin metathesis catalysts have provided new routes to olefins that appear in a variety of\nstructures. Their functional group tolerance and ease of use allow their application in the synthesis of\nmultifunctional bioactive mols. that are being explored as pharmaceutical agents. The same systems are also\nuseful for the synthesis of an array of new materials from multifunctional polymers to supramol. systems.\nUnderlying these developments has been the discovery of active catalysts with controlled selectivity through\nthe synthesis of new ligands that control the geometry of the intermediate carbene and metallacycle\ncomplexes. A recent finding has been a ligand system that controls the geometry of the double bond that is\nformed in the metathesis process. New catalysts have been developed that produce highly tactic ROMP\npolymers with Z double bond geometry.
Monochromatic X-ray and XUV imaging with multilayer optics (1988)

The development of techniques for the fabrication of multilayer coated mirrors which can function as energy selective X-ray and XUV mirrors at normal incidence has greatly expanded the options available to the astronomical spectroscopist. We have developed a rocket spectroheliograph which utilizes multilayer optics in three configurations : i) As Cassegrain telescopes for imaging at 256 Å (He II) and 173 Å (Fe IX, X ) ; ii) As tertiary mirrors used with a conventional Wolter I telescope for imaging at 44 Å (Si XI, XII), 173 Å, and 256 Å ; iii) As off-axis spherical mirrors for imaging at 44 Å and 256 Å. We report on laboratory images and performance measurements obtained with these optical systems, and briefly on Solar Observations.
Medusa (2011)

We present Medusa, a proximity-aware multi-touch tabletop. Medusa uses 138 inexpensive proximity sensors to: detect a user's presence and location, determine body and arm locations, distinguish between the right and left arms, and map touch point to specific users and specific hands. Our tracking algorithms and hardware designs are described. Exploring this unique design, we develop and report on a collection of interactions enabled by Medusa in support of multi-user collaborative design, specifically within the context of Proxi-Sketch, a multi-user UI prototyping tool. We discuss design issues, system implementation, limitations, and generalizable concepts throughout the paper.
High accuracy decoding of user intentions using EEG to control a lower-body exoskeleton (2013)

Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) systems allow users to control external mechanical systems using their thoughts. Commonly used in literature are invasive techniques to acquire brain signals and decode user's attempted motions to drive these systems (e.g. a robotic manipulator). In this work we use a lower-body exoskeleton and measure the users brain activity using non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG). The main focus of this study is to decode a paraplegic subject's motion intentions and provide him with the ability of walking with a lower-body exoskeleton accordingly. We present our novel method of decoding with high offline evaluation accuracies (around 98%), our closed loop implementation structure with considerably short on-site training time (around 38 sec), and preliminary results from the real-time closed loop implementation (NeuroRex) with a paraplegic test subject.
<title>Multiplexed interferometric fiber sensor arrays</title> (1992)

The advantages of networking fiber sensors using optical telemetry techniques to form all-optical arrays of sensor-elements are well recognized. Interest in this general area began in the early 1980s, and over the past six years at NRL we have attempted to experimentally and theoretically characterize various different array configurations for interferometric sensor arrays based on frequency-division, time-division and coherence multiplexing schemes. Recently a number of tests by the U.S. Navy have successfully demonstrated the operation of multiplexed sensors at sea. Work has also been conducted on other novel multiplexing schemes for non-linear phase transduction based sensors and intensity-modulation based schemes. This paper will review the progress made in this area in recent years, and discuss some aspects of current research interest.
40nm wavelength tunable gain-switched optical comb source (2011)

A wavelength tunable optical comb is generated based on the gain-switching of an externally seeded Fabry-Pérot laser diode. The comb consists of about eight clearly resolved 10 GHz coherent sidebands within 3 dB spectral envelope peak and is tunable over the entire C-band (1530 to 1570 nm). The optical linewidth of the individual comb tones is measured to be lower than 100 kHz, and the RIN of the individually filtered comb tones (<-120 dB/Hz) is shown to be comparable to the entire unfiltered comb (<-135 dB/Hz). Besides, expansion of the tunable gain switched comb is achieved with the aid of an optical phase modulator, resulting in near doubling of the number of comb tones.
Compliant lightweight non-invasive standalone “Marine Skin” tagging system (2018)

Abstract Current marine research primarily depends on weighty and invasive sensory equipment and telemetric network to understand the marine environment, including the diverse fauna it contains, as a function of animal behavior and size, as well as equipment longevity. To match animal morphology and activity within the surrounding marine environment, here we show a physically flexible and stretchable skin-like and waterproof autonomous multifunctional system, integrating Bluetooth, memory chip, and high performance physical sensors. The sensory tag is mounted on a swimming crab ( Portunus pelagicus ) and is capable of continuous logging of depth, temperature, and salinity within the harsh ocean environment. The fully packaged, ultra-lightweight (<2.4 g in water), and compliant “Marine Skin” system does not have any wired connection enabling safe and weightless cutting-edge approach to monitor and assess marine life and the ecosystem’s health to support conservation and management of marine ecosystems.
A Minimal Fragment of MUC1 Mediates Growth of Cancer Cells (2008)

The MUC1 protein is aberrantly expressed on many solid tumor cancers. In contrast to its apical clustering on healthy epithelial cells, it is uniformly distributed over cancer cells. However, a mechanistic link between aberrant expression and cancer has remained elusive. Herein, we report that a membrane-bound MUC1 cleavage product, that we call MUC1*, is the predominant form of the protein on cultured cancer cells and on cancerous tissues. Further, we demonstrate that transfection of a minimal fragment of MUC1, MUC1*(1110), containing a mere forty-five (45) amino acids of the extracellular domain, is sufficient to confer the oncogenic activities that were previously attributed to the full-length protein. By comparison of molecular weight and function, it appears that MUC1* and MUC1*(1110) are approximately equivalent. Evidence is presented that strongly supports a mechanism whereby dimerization of the extracellular domain of MUC1* activates the MAP kinase signaling cascade and stimulates cell growth. These findings suggest methods to manipulate this growth mechanism for therapeutic interventions in cancer treatments.
Sampled nonlinearly-chirped fiber-Bragg-grating for the tunable dispersion compensation of many WDM channels simultaneously (2003)

We have fabricated and characterized a tunable dispersion compensator that utilizes a specially designed sampled nonlinearly-chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is suitable for wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) channels. The dispersion can be tuned from 200 to -1200 ps/nm. We experimentally demonstrated tunable dispersion compensation using the sampled nonlinearly chirped FBG in a 10-Gbit/s WDM system. All three channels achieve BER=10/sup -9/ after both 60 km and 120 km of SMF by tuning the dispersion of the grating between -550 and -1100 ps/nm.
CLL-1, a Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Leukemic Stem Cells, Is a Potential Target for Immunotherapy of AML (2008)

Abstract CLL-1 (C-type Lectin-Like Molecule-1) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on myeloid cells which was previously shown to be expressed on AML cancer stem cells. To further validate the potential therapeutic against CLL-1, we generated a series of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CLL-1 and assessed their cytotoxic and anti-cancer activities. While expression of CLL-1 was restricted to myeloid cells, it was expressed in 80% (37/46) of AML blasts but not in ALL blasts (n=5). Expression on AML CD34+/CD38- stem cells was detected in 71% (12/17) of cases. Selected anti-CLL-1 mAbs mediated dose-dependent. Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) against various AML-derived cell lines with no detectable cytotoxic activity against lymphoid derived cell lines. Moreover, human embryonic kidney 293 cells became susceptible to anti-CLL-1 mAb mediated killing only after transfection with CLL-1, demonstrating that cytotoxic activity is mediated through a specific interaction with CLL-1. Furthermore, anti-CLL-1 mAbs showed CDC activity against all AML blasts tested in ex vivo assays (n=13), while no activity was observed against ALL blasts. CLL-1 efficiently internalizes upon antibody binding in both 293 transfected cells as well as AML cell lines, demonstrating the potential therapeutic opportunity for toxin-conjugation of anti-CLL-1 mAbs. In vivo anti-cancer activity of the lead chimeric mAb against CLL-1 was tested in an HL-60 xenograft model. In this model, growth of established tumors was reduced by 38% at 5 mg/kg twice weekly dosing. Our results demonstrate CLL-1 as an attractive target for AML with restricted expression on cells from myeloid origin, AML blasts and leukemic stem cells, as well as specific cytotoxic activity in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays. We are currently undertaking additional xenograft models to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these mAbs against primary AML engrafted cells and in combination with chemotherapy in vivo.
Electrochemical synthesis of poly(sulphur nitride) (1983)

A. J. Banister, Z. V. Hauptman and A. G. Kendrick, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 1016 DOI: 10.1039/C39830001016
Elevated<i>FMR1</i>mRNA in premutation carriers is due to increased transcription (2007)

Carriers of premutation alleles (55-200 CGG repeats) of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene have levels of FMR1 mRNA that are elevated by as much as 10-fold in peripheral blood leukocytes and CNS tissue. The excess expanded-repeat mRNA, per se, is now believed to result in forms of clinical involvement that are largely restricted to premutation carriers, including the neurodegenerative disorder, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Although evidence to date suggests that the elevated mRNA is not due to increased stability, the basis for the increase is not known. In the current study, we have determined the relative transcriptional activities of premutation and normal FMR1 alleles using a highly sensitive nuclear run-on assay that involves immunocapture of digoxigenin-modified run-on transcripts followed by PCR amplification of the nascent transcripts. Using the nuclear run-on approach, we demonstrate that the rate of run-on synthesis of FMR1 transcripts is increased in premutation alleles. The current run-on assay should be broadly applicable to studies of other genes with promoters of weak to moderate strength. The fraction of capped FMR1 mRNA remains unaltered for premutation transcripts, indicating that elevated message levels are not due to premature escape from the cotranscriptional capping process. We also show that, in contrast to the situation with myotonic dystrophy, there is no net nuclear sequestration of premutation FMR1 mRNA. Finally, we have demonstrated that AGG interruptions within the CGG repeat element do not influence FMR1 mRNA levels.
Active Silicon Photonic Devices and Integrated Circuits (2012)

A number of important breakthroughs in the past decade have focused attention on Si as a photonic platform. We review here recent progress in this field, focusing on efforts to make lasers, amplifiers, modulators and photodetectors on or in silicon. We also describe progress in silicon photonic integrated circuits. The impact active silicon photonic integrated circuits could have on telecommunications and on silicon electronics is reviewed.
Atmospheric pressure glow discharge for enhanced combustion. Final report, November 1993-April 1995 (1995)

The goal of this program was to further develop a unique atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium glow discharge in natural gas to enhance combustion; specifically to produce soot to increase radiant heat transfer, to decrease NOx, to increase flame stability, and to improve ignition properties. Injection of the products directly into air dramatically increased radiation from a natural gas - air diffusion flame so that it could not be observed without protective glasses. Electrical and chemical conversion efficiencies were both high. The electrical efficiency was 82%; 26% of the electrical power input went into chemical change and 56% into heating the discharge gas. Means for recovering the lost energy are discussed. For the first time, a glow discharge was initiated at one atmosphere.
Specific Contribution of Estrogen Receptors on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways and Vascular Cell Activation (2003)

Randomized clinical trials have not provided conclusive data that hormone replacement therapy confers cardioprotection against coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. However, other studies have shown that estrogens can induce beneficial effects on the vasculature. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta on vascular cells is not well characterized. Therefore, we used an antisense gene therapy approach to investigate the contribution of ERalpha and ERbeta on p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and on vascular cell responsiveness. Treatment of porcine smooth muscle cells (PSMCs) with platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced p38 and p42/44 MAPK activation and their migration and proliferation. These effects were prevented by pretreatment with 17beta-estradiol (17betaE). The inhibitory effects of 17betaE on PSMCs were abrogated by the downregulation of ERbeta protein expression with selective ERbeta mRNA antisense oligomers, whereas the downregulation of ERalpha had no effect. However, treatment of porcine aortic endothelial cells with 17betaE promoted p38 and p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation and their migration and proliferation. These effects were ERalpha dependent, as defined by antisense gene therapy. These results suggest that in PSMCs, 17betaE reduces p42/44 and p38 MAPK activity through ERbeta stimulation, whereas in contrast, in porcine aortic endothelial cells, 17betaE induces p42/44 and p38 MAPK through ERalpha activation. 17betaE may contribute to the vascular healing process and to the prevention of restenosis by improving reendothelialization through ERalpha activation and by decreasing smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation through ERbeta stimulation.
The "Parallel bar" bubble propagating circuit (1973)

A single-phase transverse-field bubble propogating circuit is discussed. Bar shape difference, with corresponding demagnetizing factor difference, is used to convert alternating applied field into a travelling magnetic wave. A computer analysis was carried out using a simplified model for the Permalloy magnetization process. Good agreement is achieved between these predictions and experimental observations.
CSIscan: Learning CSI for Efficient Access Point Discovery in Dense WiFi Networks (2020)

Network densification through the deployment of WiFi access points (APs) is a promising solution towards achieving high connectivity rates required for emerging applications. A critical first step is to discover an AP before an active association between the client and the AP can be established. Legacy AP discovery procedures initiated by the client result in high latency in the order of a few 100 ms and waste spectrum, especially when clients need to frequently switch between multiple APs. We propose CSIscan that exploits the broadcast nature of WiFi channels by embedding discovery related information within an AP's ongoing regular transmissions. The AP does this by intelligently distorting the transmitted OFDM frame by inducing perturbations in the preamble, and these injected `bits' of information are detected via changes in the perceived channel state information (CSI). A deep learning framework allocates the optimal level of distortion on a per-subcarrier basis that keeps the resulting packet error rate to less than 1%. Existing clients perceive no changes in their ongoing communication, while potential new clients quickly obtain discovery information at the same time. We experimentally demonstrate that CSIscan reduces the overall WiFi latency from 150 ms to 10 ms and improves spectrum utilization with ~72% reduction in the probe traffic. We show that CSIscan delivers up to 40 discovery information bits in the outgoing WiFi packet in an indoor environment.
Visual Subtitles for Internet Videos (2013)

We present a visual aid for the hearing impaired to enable access to internet videos. The visual tool is in the form of a time synchronized lip movement corresponding to the speech in the video which is embedded in the original internet video. Conventionally, access to the audio or speech, in a video, by the hearing impaired is provided by means of either text subtitles or sign language gestures by an interpreter. The proposed tool would be beneficial, especially in situations where such aids are not readily available or generating such aids is difficult. We have conducted a number experiments to determine the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed visual aid.
Line-up (2010)

Modular development of concurrent applications requires thread-safe components that behave correctly when called concurrently by multiple client threads. This paper focuses on linearizability, a specific formalization of thread safety, where all operations of a concurrent component appear to take effect instantaneously at some point between their call and return. The key insight of this paper is that if a component is intended to be deterministic, then it is possible to build an automatic linearizability checker by systematically enumerating the sequential behaviors of the component and then checking if each its concurrent behavior is equivalent to some sequential behavior.
Probing the Molecular Basis for Potent and Selective Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibition (2002)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important for the control of proper cellular tyrosine phosphorylation. Despite the large number of PTPs encoded in the human genome and the emerging roles played by PTPs in human diseases, a detailed understanding of the role played by PTPs in normal physiology and in pathogenic conditions has been hampered by the absence of PTP-specific inhibitors. Such inhibitors could serve as useful tools for determining the physiological functions of PTPs and may constitute valuable therapeutics in the treatment of several human diseases. However, because of the highly conserved nature of the active site, it has been difficult to develop selective PTP inhibitors. By taking an approach to tether together two small ligands that can interact simultaneously with the active site and a unique proximal noncatalytic site, we have recently acquired Compound 2 (see Fig. 1), the most potent and selective PTP1B inhibitor identified to date, which exhibits several orders of magnitude selectivity in favor of PTP1B against a panel of PTPs. We describe an evaluation of the interaction between 2 and its analogs with PTP1B and its site-directed mutants selected based on hydrogen/deuterium exchange of PTP1B backbone amides in the presence and absence of 2. We have established the binding mode of Compound 2 and identified 12 PTP1B residues that are important for the potency and selectivity of Compound 2. Although many of the residues important for Compound 2 binding are not unique to PTP1B, the combinations of all contact residues differ between PTP isozymes, which suggest that the binding surface defined by these residues in individual PTPs determines inhibitor selectivity. Our results provide structural information toward understanding of the molecular basis for potent and selective PTP1B inhibition and further establish the feasibility of acquiring potent, yet highly selective, PTP inhibitory agents.