gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Increase of Taxation in Behavior of Consumers in Developing Countries, Case of Albania (2016)

Income in developing countries represents a vital factor in the wellbeing of inhabitants and the whole society. The consumer behavior changes in linearity with the change, meaning so increase and decrease, of the tax rate. Albania, as a post-dictatorial country and yet a transitional economy with a very fragile economy, has been having a very unstable tax policy. The change of taxes had an impact on the development of the economy, so periods of time with low or flat taxes are accompanied with higher incomes and a higher rate of GDP. Constructive state policy in the field of consumption plays an important role in sustainable social and economic development of the economy. The state regulates the consumption process by means of fiscal policy, building the socially oriented budget of the country, creating a fair taxation system for the population that stimulates domestic demand and economic activity. The aim of this article is to verify if the income after taxes influences in the consumer behavior. If there happens to be found a linear correlation between the income and consumer behavior and we know that higher tax rate means a smaller amount of net income what is the correlation between taxes and consumer behavior? In this continuity of the article the major tasks are analysis of income level to the type of consumer behavior and social group of the consumers; analysis of the influence of Albanian taxation system on the possibilities of increasing the domestic demand of different population groups; defining the measures intended for increase and growth of domestic demand.
Jerusalem, Arabs and Jews (1987)

A training project for Jewish and Arab paraprofessional workers with the elderly was developed using social group work principles, with the hope that tensions between the two groups would be minimized. A joint training team of Arab and Jewish social workers set the tone for mutual respect and cooperation, both Arab and Jewish sections of Jerusalem were used as training sites, Hebrew and Arabic were used as languages of instruction, and group dynamic techniques encouraged interaction between the groups. Results indicate that short-term improvement in negative attitudes were achieved, but more continued contacts need to be maintained to provide the possibility for more lasting change.
Nondestructive Testing (1977)

It was undoubtedly a decision of some moment when The Institute of Physics originally introduced the concept of specialist groups into the framework of its constitution. One feels now, in hindsight, that it was perhaps a perceptive decision of equal moment to have singled out industrial radiology as the first area of applied physics to qualify for this distinctive treatment.
Periodicity, directionality, and randomness: Wold features for perceptual pattern recognition (2002)

One of the fundamental challenges in pattern recognition is choosing a set of features appropriate to a class of problems. In applications such as image retrieval, if is important that features used by the system in pattern comparison provide good measures of "perceptual similarity". The authors present a new set of features and an image model based on the three mutually orthogonal components produced by the 2-D Wold decomposition of random fields. These components have visual properties which approximate the three most important perceptual dimensions of human texture perception. The method presented here is different from the existing Wold-based models in that it tolerates certain local inhomogeneities which arise in natural textures and reduces computation for comparison of patterns subjected to transformations such as rotation. An image retrieval algorithm based on the new texture model is presented. The effectiveness of the new Wold features for retrieving perceptually similar natural textures is demonstrated by comparing it to that of other well-known pattern recognition methods. The Wold model appears to offer a perceptually more satisfying measure of pattern similarity.
The Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Associated Protein, Dek, Forms a Splicing-Dependent Interaction with Exon-Product Complexes (2000)

DEK is an approximately 45-kD phosphoprotein that is fused to the nucleoporin CAN as a result of a (6;9) chromosomal translocation in a subset of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). It has also been identified as an autoimmune antigen in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. Despite the association of DEK with several human diseases, its function is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that DEK, together with SR proteins, associates with the SRm160 splicing coactivator in vitro. DEK is recruited to splicing factor-containing nuclear speckles upon concentration of SRm160 in these structures, indicating that DEK and SRm160 associate in vivo. We further demonstrate that DEK associates with splicing complexes through interactions mediated by SR proteins. Significantly, DEK remains bound to the exon-product RNA after splicing, and this association requires the prior formation of a spliceosome. Thus, DEK is a candidate factor for controlling postsplicing steps in gene expression that are influenced by the prior removal of an intron from pre-mRNA.
Development of a Low-Cost, Lightweight Hyperspectral Imaging System Based on a Polygon Mirror and Compact Spectrometers (2015)

Low-altitude hyperspectral observation systems using aerial observation with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have advantages over satellite systems with respect to frequency, accuracy, and spatial resolution. Although low-cost lightweight UAVs have become available in recent years, the current price ranges of lightweight pushbroom and snapshot hyperspectral sensors remain high. For sustainable operation of UAV-mounted hyperspectral sensing, the challenge in production has been shifted from the size and weight to the cost of the lightweight hyperspectral sensors. In this paper, we develop a low-cost, lightweight whiskbroom hyperspectral imaging system. The gross weight of the sensor is 1200 g. The spectral range of the 256-band spectrometer extends from 340 to 750 nm with a 14-nm spectral resolution. The viewing angle across the flight direction is controlled by the rotation of an eight-sided polygon mirror. When the exposure time, flight altitude, flight speed, and focal length of the optical lens are 3.2 ms, 10 m, 10 m/s, and 8 mm, respectively, then the estimated values of the swath and the area coverage per second are 13.4 m and 134.1 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\hbox{m}^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> /s, respectively. The spatial resolution is 0.97 (m) (flight direction) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.46 (m) (scanning direction). In preliminary close-range measurements with a 3.2-ms exposure time per area and a 1224-ms rotation period of the polygon mirror, the reflected light from 12 areas of a printed checkered color pattern in the moving direction were measured. We found that the calculated reflectance based on the measurements is spatially consistent and spectrally accurate.
A role of fibrinolytic activity in angiogenesis. Quantitative assay using in vitro method. (1989)

The functional role of the fibrinolytic system in capillary growth was investigated using bovine capillary endothelial cells (BCEs) cultured on a Type I collagen gel matrix, into which the cells migrated to form capillary-like tubular structures. The length of the tubes formed were measured morphometrically using an image analyzer in the absence and presence of fibrinolytic proteases, namely plasminogen, plasminogen activators (PAs) and PA inhibitor (PAI). The addition of plasminogen (25 micrograms/ml) to the gel matrix significantly increased the length of BCE tubes found on the 9th day of culture (p less than 0.01), with a dose-dependent tendency. The simultaneous addition of a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 10 ng/ml) enhanced this tube formation as early as the 3rd day of culture (p less than 0.01). Cultured BCEs secreted both tissue-type and urokinase-type PAs (tPA and uPA) and PAI-1 into the culture medium, and the secretion of both PAs was enhanced by the addition of bFGF. However, the secreted tPA was composed mostly of an inactive form of tPA.PAI-1 complex, and the PA activity was derived mostly from uPA. Inhibitors of plasmin suppressed the enhancing effect of plasminogen on angiogenesis. In addition, anti-uPA IgG markedly inhibited the enhancing effect of plasminogen on the 4th and 7th days of culture (p less than 0.01), whereas anti-tPA IgG showed an inhibitory tendency only on the 4th day of culture (p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that the plasminogen-PAs system, especially uPA synthesized and secreted by BCEs, plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endothelial cell biology in relation to current concepts of vessel wall structure and function. (1991)

Vascular endothelium is now appreciated to modulate vessel wall structure and function in health and disease. Strategically located between the intravascular space and vessel wall proper, the endothelium has a broad capacity to modify the functional state of adjacent or trafficking cells. Furthermore, recent findings indicate that the endothelium is an interactive tissue capable of responding to numerous mechanical, chemical, and cellular stimuli. The focus of this review will be a discussion of endothelial cell biology in relation to vascular structure and function, with particular emphasis on endothelial modulation of vasomotor tone. It is evident that endothelial cells contribute to the local control of vascular tone by releasing potent vasodilatory mediators, such as endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and vasoconstrictor mediators such as endothelin-1. The endothelium also serves to modify blood-borne signals to which vascular tissues respond. The kidney shares, directly and indirectly, in these events, making this emerging new area a focus of major interest for nephrologists.
Characterization of the Rabbit as an<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>Model to Assess the Effects of Fibrinogenolytic Activity of Snake Venom on Coagulation (2017)

Several in vitro investigations have demonstrated that anticoagulant effects of fibrinogenolytic snake venom metalloproteinases have been abrogated in human plasma by modifying fibrinogen with iron (Fe) and carbon monoxide (CO) to prevent catalysis or by directly inhibiting these enzymes with CO. To translate these findings, we chose to assess the rabbit as a model of envenomation with Crotalus atrox venom. It was determined with thrombelastography that 15 times the concentration of venom noted to compromise coagulation in plasma in vitro was required to cause coagulopathy in vivo, likely secondary to venom binding to blood cells and being cleared from the circulation rapidly. Unlike human plasma, rabbit plasma pre-treated with Fe/CO was not protected from fibrinogenolysis by venom. Consequently, the administration of purified human fibrinogen (with or without Fe/CO) would be required before venom administration to rabbits. Of greater interest, venom exposed to CO had complete loss of fibrinogenolytic effect in rabbit plasma and partial loss of activity in whole blood, indicative of unbinding of CO from venom and binding to haemoglobin. Thus, venom exposed to CO could remain partially or completely inhibited in whole blood long enough for clearance from the circulation, allowing rabbits to be a useful model to test the efficacy of regional CO administration to the bite site. Future investigations are planned to test these novel approaches to attenuate venom-mediated coagulopathy in the rabbit.
Interactive digital video networks: lessons from a commercial deployment (1997)

Broadband networks are now being used in numerous trials throughout the world to provide interactive video services for residential customers. These trials and small-scale commercial deployments lack novel applications and services that make effective use of network capabilities and attract users to experiment with them. The rapid explosion of the Internet has also played a role in the current lack of interest and investment in broadband video networks. This article examines the lessons learned from the commercial deployment of a switched fiber-coax video dial tone network in Dover Township, New Jersey, USA. Future broadband networks will have to combine the capabilities of video dial tone networks and the Internet at an attractive price. Innovative end-to-end applications that go beyond cable TV and movies on demand are needed to renew commercial interest in residential broadband networks.
Toward Understanding Positive Bias Temperature Instability in Fully Recessed-Gate GaN MISFETs (2016)

In this paper, fully recessed-gate GaN MISFETs with two different gate dielectrics, i.e., plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) SiN and ALD Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate dielectric, are used to study the origin of positive bias temperature instability (PBTI). By employing a set of dedicated stress-recovery tests, we study PBTI during the stress and relaxation. Hence, a defect band model with different distributions of defect levels inside the gate dielectric is proposed, which can excellently reproduce the experimental data and provide insightful information about the origin of PBTI in GaN MISFETs. The results indicate that the serious PBTI in the device with PEALD SiN is mainly due to a wide distribution of defect levels (σ ~ 0.67 eV), centered below the conduction band of GaN (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> - 0.05 eV), and can be easily accessed by the channel carriers already at a low-gate voltage. On the other hand, ALD Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate dielectric shows a narrower distribution of defects (σ ~ 0.42 eV), which are far from the conduction band of GaN (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> + 1.15 eV). This observations explain the improved PBTI reliability observed in devices with ALD Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> .
Real-Time Blur Rendering of Moving Objects in an Augmented Reality Environment (2014)

When moving objects occur a large number of blurred situations, the augmented reality rendering virtual objects can't consistent with motion blur. As the above problem, we proposed a three-dimensional motion blur rendering virtual objects algorithm. First, an image structure model of motion-blurred template matching was used, which was used to track motion blurred objects. Second, we used the same image structure model to generate blur. We produced motion blur for 3D motion by mixing 2D distorted and 3D rendering. Through experimental comparison, our method generated virtual blurred objects realistically. And our rendering speed was faster than without using OpenGL approximation. Therefore, our method was better performance.
Visual testing of Graphical User Interfaces: An exploratory study towards systematic definitions and approaches (2012)

Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing literature emphasizes testing a system's functionality through its GUI, rather than testing visual aspects of the GUI itself. In this paper we introduce the notion of visual testing as a subset of GUI testing. To explore visual testing, we have conducted a study of defects in four open source systems. We found that visual defects represent between 16% and 33% of reported defects in those systems. Two categories of visual defects are identified with six subcategories within each of them. Other findings are also reported that are aimed at motivating the importance and the need for systematically conducting visual testing among researchers and practitioners.
A fully integrated paperfluidic molecular diagnostic chip for the extraction, amplification, and detection of nucleic acids from clinical samples (2016)

Paper diagnostics have successfully been employed to detect the presence of antigens or small molecules in clinical samples through immunoassays; however, the detection of many disease targets relies on the much higher sensitivity and specificity achieved via nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). The steps involved in NAAT have recently begun to be explored in paper matrices, and our group, among others, has reported on paper-based extraction, amplification, and detection of DNA and RNA targets. Here, we integrate these paper-based NAAT steps into a single paperfluidic chip in a modular, foldable system that allows for fully integrated fluidic handling from sample to result. We showcase the functionality of the chip by combining nucleic acid isolation, isothermal amplification, and lateral flow detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA directly from crude cervical specimens in less than 1 hour for rapid, early detection of cervical cancer. The chip is made entirely of paper and adhesive sheets, making it low-cost, portable, and disposable, and offering the potential for a point-of-care molecular diagnostic platform even in remote and resource-limited settings.
Definition, etiology, prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis – a review (2014)

Peri-implant inflammations represent serious diseases after dental implant treatment, which affect both the surrounding hard and soft tissue. Due to prevalence rates up to 56%, peri-implantitis can lead to the loss of the implant without multilateral prevention and therapy concepts. Specific continuous check-ups with evaluation and elimination of risk factors (e.g. smoking, systemic diseases and periodontitis) are effective precautions. In addition to aspects of osseointegration, type and structure of the implant surface are of importance. For the treatment of peri-implant disease various conservative and surgical approaches are available. Mucositis and moderate forms of peri-implantitis can obviously be treated effectively using conservative methods. These include the utilization of different manual ablations, laser-supported systems as well as photodynamic therapy, which may be extended by local or systemic antibiotics. It is possible to regain osseointegration. In cases with advanced peri-implantitis surgical therapies are more effective than conservative approaches. Depending on the configuration of the defects, resective surgery can be carried out for elimination of peri-implant lesions, whereas regenerative therapies may be applicable for defect filling. The cumulative interceptive supportive therapy (CIST) protocol serves as guidance for the treatment of the peri-implantitis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about current data and to give advices regarding diagnosis, prevention and treatment of peri-implant disease for practitioners.
Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Neuroblastoma (2009)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are an emerging class of novel anti-cancer drug targets. Recently, studies in adult cancers and in neuroblastoma have shown that individual HDAC family members are aberrantly expressed in tumors and correlate with disease stage and prognosis. In neuroblastoma, knockdown of individual HDAC family members causes distinct phenotypes ranging from differentiation to apoptosis. HDACs are involved in controlling MYCN function and are upregulated in chemotherapy-resistant neuroblastoma cells. Treatment with unselective pan-HDAC inhibitors causes cell cycle arrest, differentiation, apoptosis, and inhibition of clonogenic growth of neuroblastoma cells, and restores susceptibility to chemotherapy treatment. The molecular mechanisms mediating the anti-cancer effects of HDAC inhibitors on neuroblastoma cells are incompletely understood and involve targeting of aberrant epigenetic repression of tumor suppressor genes, activation of developmental differentiation pathways, as well as changing the acetylation level and function of non-histone proteins. In neuroblastoma mouse models, unselective HDAC inhibitors demonstrate anti-tumoral effects. First phase I clinical trials in children with refractory cancers using HDAC inhibitors depsipeptide and the recently approved vorinostat are underway. This review summarizes our current knowledge about classical HDAC family members as novel drug targets for neuroblastoma therapy and discusses the potential role of next generation, selective HDAC inhibitors.
Targeting Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Pathologies (2021)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) was discovered due to its importance in B cell development, and it has a critical role in signal transduction downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR). Targeting of BTK with small molecule inhibitors has proven to be efficacious in several B cell malignancies. Interestingly, recent studies reveal increased BTK protein expression in circulating resting B cells of patients with systemic autoimmune disease (AID) compared with healthy controls. Moreover, BTK phosphorylation following BCR stimulation <i>in vitro</i> was enhanced. In addition to its role in BCR signaling, BTK is involved in many other pathways, including pattern recognition, Fc, and chemokine receptor signaling in B cells and myeloid cells. This broad involvement in several immunological pathways provides a rationale for the targeting of BTK in the context of inflammatory and systemic AID. Accordingly, numerous <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> preclinical studies support the potential of BTK targeting in these conditions. Efficacy of BTK inhibitors in various inflammatory and AID has been demonstrated or is currently evaluated in clinical trials. In addition, very recent reports suggest that BTK inhibition may be effective as immunosuppressive therapy to diminish pulmonary hyperinflammation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we review BTK's function in key signaling pathways in B cells and myeloid cells. Further, we discuss recent advances in targeting BTK in inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies.