gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the protein production levels in <i>Escherichia coli</i> with a strong promoter (2010)

In biotechnology, the use of Escherichia coli for recombinant protein production has a long tradition, although the optimal production conditions for certain proteins are still not evident. The most favorable conditions for protein production vary with the gene product. Temperature and induction conditions represent parameters that affect total protein production, as well as the amount of soluble protein. Furthermore, the choice of promoter and bacterial strain will have large effects on the production of the target protein. In the present study, the effects of three different promoters (T7, trc and lacUV5) on E. coli production of target proteins with different characteristics are presented. The total amount of target protein as well as the amount of soluble protein were analyzed, demonstrating the benefits of using a strong promoter such as T7. To understand the underlying causes, transcription levels have been correlated with the total amount of target protein and protein solubility in vitro has been correlated with the amount of soluble protein that is produced. In addition, the effects of two different E. coli strains, BL21(DE3) and Rosetta(DE3), on the expression pattern were analyzed. It is concluded that the regulation of protein production is a combination of the transcription and translation efficiencies. Other important parameters include the nucleotide-sequence itself and the solubility of the target protein.
TLR4- and TRIF-dependent stimulation of B lymphocytes by peptide liposomes enables T cell–independent isotype switch in mice (2012)

Immunoglobulin class switching from IgM to IgG in response to peptides is generally T cell-dependent and vaccination in T cell-deficient individuals is inefficient. We show that a vaccine consisting of a dense array of peptides on liposomes induced peptide-specific IgG responses totally independent of T-cell help. Independency was confirmed in mice lacking T cells and in mice deficient for MHC class II, CD40L, and CD28. The IgG titers were high, long-lived, and comparable with titers obtained in wild-type animals, and the antibody response was associated with germinal center formation, expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and affinity maturation. The T cell-independent (TI) IgG response was strictly dependent on ligation of TLR4 receptors on B cells, and concomitant TLR4 and cognate B-cell receptor stimulation was required on a single-cell level. Surprisingly, the IgG class switch was mediated by TIR-domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF), but not by MyD88. This study demonstrates that peptides can induce TI isotype switching when antigen and TLR ligand are assembled and appropriately presented directly to B lymphocytes. A TI vaccine could enable efficient prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination of patients with T-cell deficiencies and find application in diseases where induction of T-cell responses contraindicates vaccination, for example, in Alzheimer disease.
Metal(II) ion binding onto chelating exchangers with nitrogen donor atoms: some new observations and related implications (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal(II) ion binding onto chelating exchangers with nitrogen donor atoms: some new observations and related implicationsArup K. Sengupta, Yuewei Zhu, and Diane HauzeCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 3, 481–488Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/es00015a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views531Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Switching the mode of sucrose utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

Higher cell densities during batch cultures on 20 g/L sucrose were achieved by using a S. cerevisiae strain engineered in the sucrose uptake system. Such result was accomplished by effectively reducing sucrose uptake by the yeast cells, avoiding overflow metabolism, with the concomitant reduction in ethanol production. The use of this modified yeast strain in simpler batch culture mode can be a viable option to more complicated traditional sucrose-limited fed-batch cultures for biomass-directed processes of S. cerevisiae.
Ulnar osteosarcoma in dogs: 30 cases (1992–2008) (2013)

The prognosis for ulnar osteosarcoma in this population was no worse and may have been better than the prognosis for dogs with osteosarcoma involving other appendicular sites. Partial ulnar ostectomy was associated with a low complication rate and good to excellent function and did not compromise survival time. Telangiectatic or telangiectatic-mixed histologic subtype was a negative prognostic factor for survival time. The efficacy of chemotherapy requires further evaluation.
Modeling and simulation of networked low-power embedded systems: a taxonomy (2014)

Abstract Simulation has been widely adopted for the evaluation of novel protocols or other designs for networked low-power embedded systems, especially for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A large number of simulation tools have been developed for WSNs in the past few years. However, different tools may emphasize on different features. For example, general network simulators mainly focus on the high-level performance evaluation with certain assumptions, while some SystemC-based simulators have been developed recently to realize the hardware and software co-design of sensor node at the system level. Therefore, it is necessary to study the different modeling methodologies and to distinguish the various features of the existing WSN simulators. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy that categorizes the existing simulation tools into four groups, i.e., network simulators with node models, network simulators with node emulators, node system simulator with network models, and node emulators with network models. To demonstrate the rationality and usability of the proposed taxonomy, we use it to conduct a survey of the existing simulation tools. This study is intended to be comprehensive to cover all important simulation tools.
Conversion of Glycerol to Ethylene Glycol over Pt-modified Ni Catalyst (2010)

Abstract In glycerol hydrogenolysis, Ni/γ-Al2O3 gave 1,2-propanediol mainly. In contrast, modification of the Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with a small amount of Pt promoted the conversion to ethylene glycol and CH4 by hydrocracking. This property is related to the formation of a Pt–Ni alloy surface.
Hybrid Device Process Using A Focused Ion Beam And An Optical Stepper (1988)

The focused ion beam (FIB) process has been examined for device production with an optical stepper. The FIB system developed performs and alignment procedure with a precise controlled stage. The registration accuracy attained by FIB lithography using Be and Si ions with the same or different ion energies showed good values with alignment marks covered with resists. The hybrid process with fine pattern delineation depending on FIB and with high throughput depending on an optical stepper indicated a promising tool for submicron devices.
VGVM: Efficient GPU capabilities in virtual machines (2016)

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become a powerful platform, that can provide significant performance benefits to data parallel applications. Graphic processors are being increasingly introduced as accelerators in high performance computing (HPC) systems due to the development of GPGPU (General-Purpose Computation on GPUs). Furthermore, virtualization technologies are gaining interest in these domains, due to their benefits on server consolidation as well as the isolation and ease of management they offer. There is thus a growing need to combine the benefits of both fields by providing heterogeneous resources, particularly GPUs, in virtual environments. In this paper we address the challenge of integrating GPGPU into virtualized environments. We propose VGVM, a mechanism that enables the execution of GPU accelerated applications within Virtual Machines (VMs). Our framework consists of two components: a user level library and a paravirtualized driver, which enables communication with the host's GPU driver. To validate our approach, we conduct experiments on a variety of GPU applications, focusing on the virtualization overhead and the scalability of our framework.
Bernard Capp, Astrology and the Popular Press: English Almanacs, 1500–1800. London: Faber and Faber, 1979. 452 pp. £15.00. (1980)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Semiconductor device parameter extraction based on reconfigurable ring oscillator frequency measurements (2002)

The authors discuss an extended parameter extraction procedure including the program PETRA (parameter extraction based on transient ring analysis) for the evaluation of measured data on the reconfigurable ring oscillator (RRO). The measurement data and their evaluation are presented. The improved model parameters delivered by this program increase the accuracy of the propagation delay-time simulation for dynamic-type CMOS logic cells. The benefits of the proposed method are due to the high measurement accuracy of the oscillation frequency of the RRO and the sophisticated computer work for iteration of the optimum set of model parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new approach to recursive Fourier transform (1987)

In the recursive Fourier transform, the data window can be chosen such that the number of computations required to update the transform at each frequency upon reception of a new data sample is independent of the transform block length.
Intestinal fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease: progress in basic and clinical science (2008)

More studies are needed to improve knowledge of the pathophysiology of intestinal fibrosis if better preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures are to be expected in the near future.
Deep Uncoupled Discrete Hashing via Similarity Matrix Decomposition (2022)

Hashing has been drawing increasing attention in the task of large-scale image retrieval owing to its storage and computation efficiency, especially the recent asymmetric deep hashing methods. These approaches treat the query and database in an asymmetric way and can take full advantage of the whole training data. Though it has achieved state-of-the-art performance, asymmetric deep hashing methods still suffer from the large quantization error and efficiency problem on large-scale datasets due to the tight coupling between the query and database. In this article, we propose a novel asymmetric hashing method, called D eep U ncoupled D iscrete H ashing (DUDH), for large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search. Instead of directly preserving the similarity between the query and database, DUDH first exploits a small similarity-transfer image set to transfer the underlying semantic structures from the database to the query and implicitly keep the desired similarity. As a result, the large similarity matrix is decomposed into two relatively small ones and the query is decoupled from the database. Then both database codes and similarity-transfer codes are directly learned during optimization. The quantization error of DUDH only exists in the process of preserving similarity between the query and similarity-transfer set. By uncoupling the query from the database, the training cost of optimizing the CNN model for the query is no longer related to the size of the database. Besides, to further accelerate the training process, we propose to optimize the similarity-transfer codes with a constant-approximation solution. In doing so, the training cost of optimizing similarity-transfer codes can be almost ignored. Extensive experiments on four widely used image retrieval benchmarks demonstrate that DUDH can achieve state-of-the-art retrieval performance with remarkable training cost reduction (30× - 50× relative).
Cognitive Medium Access: Exploration, Exploitation and Competition (2007)

This paper establishes the equivalence between cognitive medium access and the competitive multi-armed bandit problem. First, the scenario in which a single cognitive user wishes to opportunistically exploit the availability of empty frequency bands in the spectrum with multiple bands is considered. In this scenario, the availability probability of each channel is unknown to the cognitive user a priori. Hence efficient medium access strategies must strike a balance between exploring the availability of other free channels and exploiting the opportunities identified thus far. By adopting a Bayesian approach for this classical bandit problem, the optimal medium access strategy is derived and its underlying recursive structure is illustrated via examples. To avoid the prohibitive computational complexity of the optimal strategy, a low complexity asymptotically optimal strategy is developed. The proposed strategy does not require any prior statistical knowledge about the traffic pattern on the different channels. Next, the multi-cognitive user scenario is considered and low complexity medium access protocols, which strike the optimal balance between exploration and exploitation in such competitive environments, are developed. Finally, this formalism is extended to the case in which each cognitive user is capable of sensing and using multiple channels simultaneously.
Phosphonic acid‐containing polysulfones as anticorrosive layers (2015)

ABSTRACT As a part of research work to elaborate polymeric materials for metal corrosion protection, we have developed a new family of phosphonic acid‐containing polymers. The synthesis and the characterization of polysulfones bearing alkyl phosphonate ester side groups are first described. These polymers are synthesized by direct polycondensation of a phosphonate ester‐containing bisphenol by aromatic nucleophilic substitution. The physicochemical properties of the resulting polymers are described. Acidic hydrolysis of phosphonate esters results in the formation of phosphonic acid groups. A series of phosphonic acid‐containing polysulfones is therefore obtained and characterized. A preliminary evaluation of the anticorrosive properties of these polymers is described. In 0.25M Na 2 SO 4 solution, the corrosion rate of a polymer‐coated mild steel sample is much lower than of the free metal substrate. These results suggest that phosphonic acid‐containing polysulfones might be interesting as anticorrosive coatings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41890.
Cobalt Cross-Linked Redox-Responsive PEG Hydrogels: From Viscoelastic Liquids to Elastic Solids (2016)

We describe cobalt cross-linked redox-responsive 4-arm histidine-modified PEG (4A-PEG-His) hydrogels, which can be switched from self-healing viscoelastic liquids to form stable elastic solids through a simple oxidation step from Co2+ to Co3+. The dramatic change in gel properties is quantified in rheological measurements and is associated with the altered ligand exchange rate of the cross-linking cobalt ions. While Co2+ forms kinetically labile coordination bonds with low thermodynamic stability, Co3+ forms kinetically inert and highly stable coordination bonds. Unlike the Co2+ cross-linked hydrogels, the Co3+ cross-linked hydrogels do not dissolve in buffer and swell overtime, where they remain intact longer with increasing gel connectivity, increasing polymer concentration and decreasing temperature. Remarkably, these gels can even resist the strong chelator EDTA and withstand both low and high pH due to the low ligand exchange rates in the primary coordination sphere. Overall, the Co2+/3+ redox pair provides an attractive platform to produce redox-responsive materials with big deviations in mechanical and chemical properties.
Oil Spill Source Identification by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (1999)

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) with flame ionization detection has been applied to oil spill source identification. An oil spill case from the U.S. Coast Guard's Marine Safety Laboratories (MSL) was analyzed by GC × GC. A slightly weathered, marine diesel fuel spill sample was qualitatively and quantitatively compared to two potential source samples. The high resolving power of GC × GC separated several hundred components from the petroleum matrix. Compounds of similar chemical structure were grouped together in an ordered two-dimensional chromatogram. In these ordered groups, numerous small peaks representing minor components were separated and detected. This was especially helpful in determining compounds and compound classes to be used in the analysis. Several classes of compounds were found to be useful for comparing the samples, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, and anthracene/phenanthrenes. The GC × GC analysis resulted in a match between the spill sample and one of the source samples. This result was consistent with HRGC and GC/MS analyses employed by the MSL.
A Novel Fully Decoupled Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Parallel Wrist (2004)

In this paper we present a novel pointing parallel mechanism with fully decoupled degrees of freedom. The mechanism consists of two interconnected slider-crank linkages, each one of which independently actuates one of the Euler angles of the output link. Motors can be mounted on the frame. The parallel architecture provides the mechanism with compactness and robustness, while decoupling of motion guarantees a wide workspace, an easy mathematical treatment, and a simple control. Such a mechanism may be suitable for applications that require aiming bodies such as tools, telescopes, antennas, cameras, solar panels, human or humanoid artificial limbs, particularly if requisites on dimensions and stoutness on the one hand and mobility on the other are stringent.
cAMP prevents the glucose-mediated stimulation of GLUT2 gene transcription in hepatocytes (1997)

Glucose homoeostasis necessitates the presence in the liver of the high Km glucose transporter GLUT2. In hepatocytes, we and others have demonstrated that glucose stimulates GLUT2 gene expression in vivo and in vitro. This effect is transcriptionally regulated and requires glucose metabolism within the hepatocytes. In this report, we further characterized the cis-elements of the murine GLUT2 promoter, which confers glucose responsiveness on a reporter gene coding the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. 5'-Deletions of the murine GLUT2 promoter linked to the CAT reporter gene were transfected into a GLUT2 expressing hepatoma cell line (mhAT3F) and into primary cultured rat hepatocytes, and subsequently incubated at low and high glucose concentrations. Glucose stimulates gene transcription in a manner similar to that observed for the endogenous GLUT2 mRNA in both cell types; the -1308 to -212 bp region of the promoter contains the glucose-responsive elements. Furthermore, the -1308 to -338 bp region of the promoter contains repressor elements when tested in an heterologous thymidine kinase promoter. The glucose-induced GLUT2 mRNA accumulation was decreased by dibutyryl-cAMP both in mhAT3F cells and in primary hepatocytes. A putative cAMP-responsive element (CRE) is localized at the -1074/-1068 bp region of the promoter. The inhibitory effect of cAMP on GLUT2 gene expression was observed in hepatocytes transfected with constructs containing this CRE (-1308/+49 bp fragment), as well as with constructs not containing the consensus CRE (-312/+49 bp fragment). This suggests that the inhibitory effect of cAMP is not mediated by the putative binding site located in the repressor fragment of the GLUT2 promoter. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the elements conferring glucose and cAMP responsiveness on the GLUT2 gene are located within the -312/+49 region of the promoter.
Inflammatory Effect of Cleaved Bovine Lactoferrin by Elastase on Staphylococcal Mastitis (2006)

Elastase activity and concanavalin A (Con A) low affinity bovine lactoferrin (bLf) molecule were detected in mammary gland secretions (MGSs) from mammary glands (MGs) with clinical staphylococcal mastitis. Changes in clinical symptoms correlated with increases in both elastase activity and the concentration of Con A low-affinity Lf in MGSs from mastitic MGs. Bovine Lf treated with elastase (elastase-Lf) showed various small bLf molecules and the same image on Con A two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis as low Con A affinity bLf in MGSs. We confirmed the presence of four common bLf peptides for the elastase-bLf and low Con A affinity bLf molecules in mastitic MGSs, and synthesized four peptides. Strong mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was induced in bovine mammary epithelial cells on stimulation with low Con A affinity bLf, elastase-bLf, and GQRDLLFKDSAL, a synthesis bLf peptide based on nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation. These results suggest that bLf was cleaved by elastase, and that this cleavage changed the physical function of Lf. Our results indicate that elastase induced production of low Con A affinity bLf, including the bLf peptide GQRDLLFKDSAL, and had an inflammatory effect on staphylococcal mastitis.
Automatic segmentation of ultrasound images using morphological operators (1991)

A method for the automatic measurement of femur length in fetal ultrasound images is presented. Fetal femur length measurements are used to estimate gestational age by comparing the measurement to a typical growth chart. Using a real-time ultrasound system, sonographers currently indicate the femur endpoints on the ultrasound display station with a mouse-like device. The measurements are subjective, and have been proven to be inconsistent. The automatic approach described exploits prior knowledge of the general range of femoral size and shape by using morphological operators, which process images based on shape characteristics. Morphological operators are used first to remove the background (noise) from the image, next to refine the shape of the femur and remove spurious artifacts, and finally to produce a single pixel-wide skeleton of the femur. The skeleton endpoints are assumed to be the femur endpoints. The length of the femur is calculated as the distance between those endpoints. A comparison of the measurements obtained with the manual and with the automated techniques is included.