gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable GPU Virtualization with Dynamic Sharing of Graphics Memory Space (2018)

With increasing GPU-intensive workloads deployed on cloud, cloud service providers are seeking for practical and efficient GPU virtualization solutions. However, the cutting-edge GPU virtualization techniques such as gVirt still suffer from the restriction of scalability, which constrains the number of guest virtual GPU instances. This paper presents gScale, a scalable and practical open source GPU virtualization solution based on gVirt. gScale presents a sharing mechanism which combines partition and sharing together to break the hardware limitation of global graphics memory space. Particularly, we propose two approaches for gScale: (1) the private shadow graphics translation table (GTT) , which enables global graphics memory space sharing among virtual GPUs, (2) ladder mapping and fence memory space pool, which allows CPU access host physical memory space (serving the graphics memory) to bypass global graphics memory space. Furthermore, to mitigate the performance degradation caused by switching private shadow GTT when the number of vGPUs scales up, four other mechanisms are proposed: (1) slot sharing, which improves the performance of vGPU by dividing the high global graphics memory into multiple slots, (2) fine-grained slotting, which provides a flexible virtual graphics memory configuration, (3) predictive GTT copy mechanism, which reduces the performance loss by switching private shadow GTT before context switch, (4) predictive-copy aware scheduling, which maximizes the improvement of predictive GTT copy mechanism in cloud environment. Evaluation shows that gScale scales up to 15 guest virtual GPU instances in Linux or 12 guest virtual GPU instances in Windows, which is 5x and 4x, respectively, that of gVirt. At the same time, gScale incurs a slight but acceptable runtime overhead when hosting multiple virtual GPU instances.
Rain, fog, and clouds for aircraft simulators (1981)

Environmental chamber creates realistic fog and rain effects in aircraft simulator. It reproduces clouds, homogeneous fog, patches of fog, rain and fog, and rain only. It is used with real time digital computer, color computer generated image display that simulates airport lights, or color television camera that produces moving display of airport runway as depicted on model terrain board.
A New Manufacturing Control System using Mahalanobis Distance (2001)

Primary productivity in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, which includes cycle time, cost and production, depend to a great extent on the capability of manufacturing administrators (MA), particularly with regards to the critical trade-offbetween cycle time and tool utilization. The Mahalanobis distance (MO) has significance in pattern recognition, and we have found a method to make use of the MD as the core of a manufacturing control system. By using this system we can easily distinguish deviations from normality in respect of productivity, specifi the root cause of the abnormality and decide how to prioritize the problem. As a result, we can efficiently concentrate limited resources on the root cause in the absence of a capable MA, and restore productivity on a minimum timescale.
Identifying Semiconductors by D.C. Ionization Conductivity (2006)

We describe a method for identifying semiconductor radiation detector materials based on the mobility of internally generated electrons and holes. It was designed for the early stages of exploration, when samples are not available as single crystals, but as crystalline powders. Samples are confined under pressure in an electric field and semiconductors are identified by an increase in d.c. conductivity during exposure to a high-intensity source of /sup 60/Co gamma rays. Using this method, we have determined that BiOI, PbIF, BiPbO/sub 2/Cl, BiPbO/sub 2/Br, BiPbO/sub 2/I, Bi/sub 2/GdO/sub 4/Cl, Pb/sub 3/O/sub 2/I/sub 2/, and Pb/sub 5/O/sub 4/I/sub 2/ are semiconductors.
Investigation of nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound therapy for treating implanted breast tumors in mice (2017)

The presence of nanoparticles within an ultrasonic field has been previously shown to cause ultrasound to preferentially destroy cancerous cells over corresponding normal cells. Such treatment, termed nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound therapy (NAUT), has now been applied to subcutaneously implanted tumors in mice. Xenografted tumors were exposed to therapeutic ultrasound, with and without intratumoral injections of nanoparticles over a period of 4 weeks. Post-treatment, tumors that received nanoparticle injections were found to be substantially smaller than controls, suggesting that nanoparticle presence significantly increases the efficacy of ultrasonic treatment of solid tumors.
Highly Ordered Gold Nanotubes Using Thiols at a Cleavable Block Copolymer Interface (2009)

We have prepared functionalized nanoporous thin films from a polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide block copolymer, which was made cleavable due to the intervening disulfide bond. The cleavage reaction of the disulfide bond leaves behind free thiol groups inside the nanopores of polystyrene thin film. This nanoporous thin film can be used as a template for generating gold nanoring structures. This strategy can provide a facile method to form a highly ordered array of biopolymer or metal-polymer composite structures.
Whole genome association analysis shows that ACE is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and fails to replicate most candidates from Meta-analysis. (2010)

For late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the only confirmed, genetic association is with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus on chromosome 19. Meta-analysis is often employed to sort the true associations from the false positives. LOAD research has the advantage of a continuously updated meta-analysis of candidate gene association studies in the web-based AlzGene database. The top 30 AlzGene loci on May 1(st), 2007 were investigated in our whole genome association data set consisting of 1411 LOAD cases and neuropathoiogicaiiy verified controls genotyped at 312,316 SNPs using the Affymetrix 500K Mapping Platform. Of the 30 "top AlzGenes", 32 SNPs in 24 genes had odds ratios (OR) whose 95% confidence intervals that did not include 1. Of these 32 SNPs, six were part of the Affymetrix 500K Mapping panel and another ten had proxies on the Affymetrix array that had >80% power to detect an association with α=0.001. Two of these 16 SNPs showed significant association with LOAD in our sample series. One was rs4420638 at the APOE locus (uncorrected p-value=4.58E-37) and the other was rs4293, located in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) locus (uncorrected p-value=0.014). Since this result was nominally significant, but did not survive multiple testing correction for 16 independent tests, this association at rs4293 was verified in a geographically distinct German cohort (p-value=0.03). We present the results of our ACE replication aiongwith a discussion of the statistical limitations of multiple test corrections in whole genome studies.
Establishment and characterization of metastatic gastric cancer cell lines from murine gastric adenocarcinoma lacking Smad4, p53, and E‐cadherin (2014)

There is a strong need for murine gastric cancer cell line models recapitulating human gastric cancers. Here, we describe two murine gastric cancer cell lines designated as NCC-S1 and NCC-S3. They were generated from gastric adenocarcinomas that formed in a Villin-cre, Smad4(F/F) , Trp53(F/F) , Cdh1(F/wt) mouse and a Pdx1-cre, Trp53(F/F) , Cdh1(F/F) mouse, respectively. Molecular profiles of both cell lines were very similar to human gastric cancer. NCC-S1M and NCC-S3M subpopulation clones were isolated from pulmonary metastasis of heterotopic allografts of NCC-S1 and NCC-S3 cells, respectively. NCC-S1M and NCC-S3M showed enhanced in vivo growth rates and metastatic potentials and exhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition features. NCC-S1M cells developed orthotopic and heterotopic tumors in immunocompetent mice in predictable manner, and were useful for testing the efficacy of an immunotherapeutic agent, anti-4-1BB antibody. NCC-S1M and NCC-S3M cells demonstrated Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, and knockdown of Ctnnb1 reversed the metastatic phenotype of NCC-S1M. These results underscore the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in metastatic phenotype of gastric cancer. Taken together, our novel metastatic gastric cancer cell lines are useful resources for drug development and metastasis research.
III-nitride LEDs with photonic crystal structures (2005)

Electrical operation of III-Nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs) with photonic crystal structures is demonstrated. Employing photonic crystal structures in III-Nitride LEDs is a method to increase light extraction efficiency and directionality. The photonic crystal is a triangular lattice formed by dry etching into the III-Nitride LED. A range of lattice constants is considered (a ~ 270 - 340nm). The III-Nitride LED layers include a tunnel junction providing good lateral current spreading without a semi-absorbing metal current spreader as is typically done in conventional III-Nitride LEDs. These photonic crystal III-Nitride LED structures are unique because they allow for carrier recombination and light generation proximal to the photonic crystal (light extraction area) yet displaced from the absorbing metal contact. The photonic crystal Bragg scatters what would have otherwise been guided modes out of the LED, increasing the extraction efficiency. The far-field light radiation patterns are heavily modified compared to the typical III-Nitride LED’s Lambertian output. The photonic crystal affects the light propagation out of the LED surface, and the radiation pattern changes with lattice size. LEDs with photonic crystals are compared to similar III-Nitride LEDs without the photonic crystal in terms of extraction, directionality, and emission spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: PERHYDROPHENANTHRENES: NOVEL LIQUID CRYSTALS (1982)

Abstract Aus den Cyclohexanonen (I) erhält man mit Methylvinylketon die Addukte (II), deren Cyclisierungsprodukte (III) auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg in die nematischen Perhydrophe‐ 65 nanthrene (IX) übergeführt werden.
<title>Advantages of micro-optics over holograms for document authentication</title> (2002)

Holograms have been utilized to authenticate financial instruments and high value products for many years. The security provided by embossed holograms is limited by their low surface relief, typically 0.25 micron, which makes them susceptible to counterfeiting: stripping the hologram from the substrate exposes the complete holographic microstructure which can be easily used to create counterfeit tooling. A large improvement in counterfeit deterrence can be gained by the use of high precision non-holographic micro-optics and microstructures having a surface relief greater than a few microns. An unlimited range of distinctive optical effects can be obtained from micro-optic systems. Many of the possible optical effects, such as optical interactions between discrete elements, cannot be effectively simulated by any other means, including holography. We present descriptions of five Visual Physics document authentication micro-optic systems that provide sophisticated optical effects: Virtual Image, BackLite, Encloak, Optical Black, and Structural Color . Visual Physics document authentication micro-optics impose an additional level of counterfeit deterrence because the production of polymer films incorporating these microstructures requires unconventional manufacturing methods; conventional holographic reproduction processes, typical of hologram counterfeiting operations, are inadequate to faithfully reproduce the details and the function of these micro-optic elements. We have developed mastering, tooling, and high precision/high speed manufacturing processes that can faithfully replicate these complex surface relief micro-optics at low cost.
Electroactivity of Electrochemically Synthesized Poly(Aniline Boronic Acid) as a Function of pH: Role of Self-Doping (2004)

The influence of pH on the electrochemical behavior of electropolymerized, self-doped poly(aniline boronic acid) thin films in the presence of d-fructose has been investigated with voltammetry and potentiometry in phosphate-buffered saline solution. It was found that the complexation of boronic acid with d-fructose and subsequent formation of self-doped polymer extends the electroactivity of poly(aniline boronic acid) to neutral and alkaline media in a manner similar to that of other self-doped polyanilines. However, the electroactivity exhibits more complex pH-dependent behavior, suggesting a transition between species involved in the self-doping process. Results obtained with in situ UV−vis spectroscopy and ex situ FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with 11B and 19F NMR studies of monomeric species indicate that the self-doped structure of poly(aniline boronic acid) is pH sensitive and that the anionic boronic acid complex involves either fluoride or hydroxide depending on pH.
MO786: Monitoring of Arterio-Venous Fistula Maturation using Central-Venous Oxygen Saturation and Estimated Upper-Body Blood Flow: Impact on Catheter Residence Time (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS In hemodialysis patients, assessment of arterio-venous fistula (AVF) maturation is key to reduce the residence time of central venous catheters (CVC). We have introduced the use of central-venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and estimated upper-body blood flow (eUBBF) as means to monitor AVF maturation [1]. We now report CVC residence time in patients with and without ScvO2-based AVF maturation monitoring. METHOD We studied hemodialysis patients in who ScvO2-based AVF maturation monitoring was implemented within the framework of a clinical quality improvement project (QIP). ScvO2 and hematocrit were measured with Crit-Line (Fresenius Medical Care, Waltham, MA). eUBBF was computed as described previously [1]. We used time-to-event analysis to compare the CVC residence time post-AVF creation between patients who participated in the QIP (intervention group) and non-QIP patients (control group). Both groups were dialyzed in the same geography. Patients were censored at the time of death, change of dialytic modality, transplantation, lost to follow up, recovery of kidney function and end of the observation period (15 November 2021). RESULTS The intervention group comprised 44 patients [age 57 ± 17 years; 27 (61%) males]. In five patients, two AVF were created; in 34 (69%) CVC were removed. The control group comprised of 378 patients (age 59 ± 15 years, 61% males). CVC was removed in 199 (53%) control patients. In the intervention group, CVC were removed 125 days [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 102–171] after AVF creation. In the control group, this time was 236 days (95% CI: 173–404) (P &lt; 0.0003; log rank test; Figure). CONCLUSION Compared to controls, the CVC residence time post AVF-creation was shortened significantly— by about 3.6 months—in patients who participated in a QIP that used ScvO2-baseed assessment of AVF maturation. Measurement of ScvO2 and computation of eUBBF are simple, non-invasive means to track AVF maturation, trigger timely interventions and AVF cannulation and shorten CVC residence time.
Survival of antigenic epitope requires class II MHC capture prior to lysosomal proteolysis (93.21) (2007)

Abstract The paradigmatic model for the generation of peptide determinants for class II major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC II) is that proteolytic fragmentation of antigen precedes the capture of the resulting peptides by MHC II (cut/trim first, bind later). However, circumstantial evidence exists to support an alternate model in which MHC II binding of antigenic epitope occurs prior to the proteolytic fragmentation of that antigen (bind first, cut/trim later). To distinguish between these two models, we analyzed the interaction of HLA-DR1 with two protein antigens, type II collagen and influenza hemagglutinin. Here, using a novel cell?free antigen processing system composed solely of purified soluble protein components, HLA-DR1, two cathepsins, and HLA-DM, combined with mass spectrometric identification of the bound peptides, we demonstrate for both antigens that; the protein antigens bind MHC class II prior to digestion by lysosomal proteases, the immunodominant epitope of the antigens are degraded by lysosomal proteases if not bound to MHC class II, and the epitopes, when bound to MHCII, are protected from proteolytic degradation. These findings conclusively support the “bind first, cut/trim later” model and have important implications in understanding the sequence of events in antigen processing and the correlation between antigen structure and immunodominance.
Wavelet based head movement artifact removal from electrooculography signals (2017)

Electrooculography (EOG) signals acquire different types of eye movements, which can be employed for human-machine interfaces (HMI) and also for diagnostic purposes. In realistic circumstances, EOG signals tend to be contaminated with noise due to unconstrained head movements. This noise degrades the signal quality as well as increases the misclassification rate of eye movement detection. General filtering and preprocessing techniques are unable to remove this noise. This paper presents a novel approach of head-movement noise removal from EOG signals by employing a biorthogonal wavelet transform to extract the level-4 approximation coefficients, which are also exploited as features classified by k- nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier. This approach enhances the classification performance remarkably. Even when this wavelet based technique is applied as denoising technique and features to the prior arts, it improves the performance of those existing techniques too. Moreover, the proposed technique is suitable for real time applications.
Function of Tetrahedral ZnS<sub>3</sub>O Building Blocks in the Formation of SrZn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O: A Phase Matchable Polar Oxysulfide with a Large Second Harmonic Generation Response (2018)

Single crystals of a new zinc oxysulfide SrZn2S2O were grown in a eutectic KF–KCl flux, and the structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. SrZn2S2O crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric polar space group Pmn21 with lattice parameters of a = 3.87440(10) Å, b = 9.9847(3) Å, and c = 6.0916(2) Å. In the crystal structure, close-packed corrugated double layers of ZnS3O tetrahedra, which are derived from the wurtzite structure, are vertically separated by Sr2+ ions. In addition, the O/S anion ordered arrangement in each close-packed layer yields two distinct orientations of the Zn-centered tetrahedra. The crystals of SrZn2S2O are colorless and transparent, and the oxysulfide has a band gap of 3.86 eV, based on UV–vis–NIR diffuse reflectance measurements. Thermogravimetric measurements showed that SrZn2S2O is stable up to 650 °C in O2 gas atmosphere. First-principle calculations indicate that the valence band maximum is mainly composed of O-2p and S-3p states, whereas the conduction band minimum is derived from Zn-4s, Zn-4p, and Sr-4d states. The calculated band dispersion reveals a direct band gap corresponding to a transition between S-3p and Zn-4s energy levels. Second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements determined that SrZn2S2O is phase matchable with twice the SHG intensity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) in contrast to CaZnSO with similar ZnS3O building units, which exhibits non-phase matching behavior.
Multicarrier signal detection and parameter estimation in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels (1997)

A new joint signal detection and channel parameter estimation scheme is proposed for multiple subcarrier signaling with pilot symbol-assisted modulation (PSAM) schemes. The proposed scheme estimates a pair of parameters associated with the generation process of the fading frequency selectivity, which is common to all the subcarriers. This parameter estimation can effectively extract information regarding the fading frequency selectivity through the pilot symbols received not only by the subcarrier of interest, but by other ones as well. The fading complex envelope with each subcarrier is derived from the estimates of the parameter pair. With the proposed scheme, performances are evaluated through simulations and are compared with the performance of a subcarrier-by-subcarrier detection scheme.
The l-Cysteine/l-Cystine Shuttle System Provides Reducing Equivalents to the Periplasm in Escherichia coli (2010)

Intracellular thiols like L-cysteine and glutathione play a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes. Escherichia coli has multiple L-cysteine transporters, which export L-cysteine from the cytoplasm into the periplasm. However, the role of L-cysteine in the periplasm remains unknown. Here we show that an L-cysteine transporter, YdeD, is required for the tolerance of E. coli cells to hydrogen peroxide. We also present evidence that L-cystine, a product from the oxidation of L-cysteine by hydrogen peroxide, is imported back into the cytoplasm in a manner dependent on FliY, the periplasmic L-cystine-binding protein. Remarkably, this protein, which is involved in the recycling of the oxidized L-cysteine, is also found to be important for the hydrogen peroxide resistance of this organism. Furthermore, our analysis of the transcription of relevant genes revealed that the transcription of genes encoding FliY and YdeD is highly induced by hydrogen peroxide rather than by L-cysteine. These findings led us to propose that the inducible L-cysteine/L-cystine shuttle system plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance through providing a reducing equivalent to the periplasm in E. coli.
Polysilane‐Supported Pd and Pt Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalysts for Organic Synthesis. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Imaging Color Target for Off-Axis Illumination Reflectance Microscopy (2014)

A color target has been designed and fabricated for off-axis illumination reflectance microscopy that utilizes microlens arrays and color mirrors. The color mirrors are optical interference coatings that are similar to designs used for anti-counterfeiting effect pigments. This system of microlenses and color mirrors allows the user to image different colored specular highlights. An infinite number of spectral reflectance profiles can be created with these color targets and used not only colorimetrically, but also for multispectral imaging applications. The targets are not limited to the visible region; they can also be designed to work in the ultraviolet and infrared wavelength regions. This paper will describe how these targets work, the image capturing considerations (flat-fielding, white balance, etc.), and some experimental results.