gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the photochemical properties of biopterin and its reduced forms (2009)

UV irradiation (270–390 nm, 20 min, I = 3.2 W m−2) of deaerated biopterin solution containing electron donor (Na2-EDTA) led to the formation of 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (H 2 BPT), which, when excited, underwent reduction to form 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H 4 BPT). Protonated molecules of H4BPT were resistant to oxidation by O2 both in the “dark” incubated and UV-irradiated solutions at pH below 3.0. The rate of H4BPT oxidation dramatically increased at pH above 3.0, and, then, up to pH 10.0, it did not change, showing no dependence on UV irradiation. At the initial stage (5 min) of H4BPT oxidation in neutral solution, UV irradiation stimulated the accumulation of quinonoid 6,7-dihydrobiopterin (q-H 2 BPT) in addition to H2BPT. UV irradiation of H2BPT induced its oxidation to biopterin and unidentified products.
A roadmap towards green packaging: the current status and future outlook for polyesters in the packaging industry (2017)

Approximately 99% of the plastics used in the packaging industry today are petroleum-based. However, the adoption of biobased plastics could help to greatly reduce the environmental footprint of packaging materials and help to conserve our non-renewable petroleum resources. This tutorial review provides an overview of renewable polyesters and their potential packaging materials.
Intramolecular coupling of active sites in the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1978)

The intramolecular passage of substrate between the component enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli was examined. A series of partly reassembled complexes, varying only in their E1 (pyruvate decarboxylase, EC 1.2.4.1) content, was incubated with pyruvate in the absence of CoA, conditions under which the lipoic acid residues covalently bound to the E2 (lipoate acetyltransferase, EC2.3.1.12) chains of the complex become reductively acetylated, and the reaction then ceases. The fraction of E2 chains thus acetylated was estimated by specific reaction of the thiol groups in the acetyl-lipoic acid moieties with N-ethyl[2,3-14C]maleimide. The simplest interpretation of the results was that a single E1 dimer is capable of catalysing the rapid acetylation of 8-12 E2 chains, in good agreement with the results of Bates, Danson, Hale, Hooper & Perham [(1977) Nature (London) 268, 313-316]. This novel functional connexion of active sites must be brought about by transacetylation reactions between lipoic acid residues of neighbouring E2 chains in the enzyme complex. There was also a slow transacylation process between the rapidly acetylated lipoic acid residues and those that did not react in the initial, faster phase. This interaction was not investigated in detail, since it is too slow to be of kinetic significance in the normal enzymic reaction.
Case 30: Hypereosinophilia (2006)

A young man presented with systemic symptoms and marked eosinophilia. Subsequently cyclical weight gain and edema contributed to a diagnosis.
Études variées sur l'U.R.S.S. et l'Europe de l'Est (1972)

George Pierre. Études variées sur l'U.R.S.S. et l'Europe de l'Est. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 81, n°443, 1972. pp. 103-107.
The mVSA-UT: A miniaturized differential mechanism for a continuous rotational variable stiffness actuator (2012)

In this paper, we present the mechanical design of the mVSA-UT, a miniaturized variable stiffness actuator. The apparent output stiffness of this innovative actuation system can be changed independently of the output position by varying the transmission ratio between the internal mechanical springs and the actuator output. The output stiffness can be tuned from zero to almost infinite by moving a pivot point along a lever arm. The mVSA-UT is actuated by means of two motors, connected in a differential configuration, which both work together to change the output stiffness and the output position. The output shaft can perform unbounded and continuous rotation. The design ensures high output torque capability, light weight and compact size to realize a multiple purpose actuation unit for a great variety of robotic and biomechatronic applications.
Gas sensor and permeation apparatus for the determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas sensor and permeation apparatus for the determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in waterJoseph R. Stetter and Zhuang. CaoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 2, 182–185Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00201a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00201a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leveraging multi-faceted tagging to improve search in folksonomy systems (2010)

In this paper we present ranking algorithms for folksonomy systems that exploit additional contextual information attached to tag assignments available. We evaluate the algorithms in the TagMe! system, a tagging front-end for Flickr, and show that our algorithms, which exploit categories, spatial information, and URIs describing the semantics of tag assignments, perform significantly better than the FolkRank that does not consider such contextual information.
Glutathionyl Transferase-Catalyzed Addition of Glutathione to COMC:  A New Hypothesis for Antitumor Activity (2002)

Data are presented indicating that the potent antitumor activity of 2-crotonyloxymethyl-(4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexenone (COTC)\nand 2-crotonyloxymethyl-2-cyclohexenone (COMC) is not likely the result of glyoxalase I inhibition, as has long been assumed. An alternative\nhypothesis is presented, based on the finding that COMC is a substrate for human glutathionyl transferase, which produces a transient, highly\nelectrophilic glutathionylated 2-exomethylenecyclohexanone that can covalently modify proteins and nucleic acids.
Oolong Tea Polyphenols–Phospholipids Complex Reduces Obesity in High Fat Diet‐Induced Mice Model (2017)

In this study, the anti‐obesity effect of oolong tea polyphenols–phospholipids complex (OTC) was investigated. OTC was prepared with oolong tea polyphenols (OTP) and phospholipids, and exhibited higher stability than OTP in vitro. Then high fat diet‐induced obesity human flora‐associated (HFA) mice model were obtained, and the administration of both OTP and OTC alleviated the changes of the serum and liver levels induced by high fat diet dramatically. The numbers (log 10 cell mL −1 ) of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus / Enterococcus spp., Bacteroides ‐ Prevotella and Clostridium histolyticum in obesity models fed with OTC after 8 weeks were 8.28 ± 0.03, 8.21 ± 0.01, 7.23 ± 0.02, and 7.05 ± 0.03 compared with 8.21 ± 0.02, 8.07 ± 0.02, 7.31 ± 0.02, and 7.10 ± 0.01, respectively, in the control. Together, it confirmed the potential of phospholipids in the promotion of intestinal transport of polyphenols, suggesting OTC may have prebiotic‐like activity to prevent obesity‐related metabolic disorders. Oolong tea polyphenols–phospholipids complex show modulatory effect on the intestinal microbiota of high fat diet‐induced obesity mice model, and may have prebiotic‐like activity contributing to the prevention of obesity.
Topology preserving neural networks that achieve a prescribed feature map probability density distribution (2005)

In this paper, a new learning law for one-dimensional topology preserving neural networks is presented in which the output weights of the neural network converge to a set that produces a predefined winning neuron coordinate probability distribution, when the probability density function of the input signal is unknown and not necessarily uniform. The learning algorithm also produces an orientation preserving homeomorphic function from the known neural coordinate domain to the unknown input signal space, which maps a predefined neural coordinate probability density function into the unknown probability density function of the input signal. The convergence properties of the proposed learning algorithm are analyzed using the ODE approach and verified by a simulation study.
Gametophytic and zygotic selection leads to segregation distortion through in vivo induction of a maternal haploid in maize (2013)

Production of maternal haploids via a male inducer can greatly accelerate maize breeding and is an interesting biological phenomenon in double fertilization. However, the mechanism behind haploid induction remains elusive. Segregation distortion, which is increasingly recognized as a potentially powerful evolutionary force, has recently been observed during maternal haploid induction in maize. The results present here showed that both male gametophytic and zygotic selection contributed to severe segregation distortion of a locus, named segregation distortion 1 (sed1), during maternal haploid induction in maize. Interestingly, analysis of reciprocal crosses showed that sed1 is expressed in the male gametophyte. A novel mapping strategy based on segregation distortion has been used to fine-map this locus. Strong selection for the presence of the sed1 haplotype from inducers in kernels with haploid formation and defects could be detected in the segregating population. Dual-pollination experiments showed that viable pollen grains from inducers had poor pollen competitive ability against pollen from normal genotypes. Although defective kernels and haploids have different phenotypes, they are most probably caused by the sed1 locus, and possible mechanisms for production of maternal haploids and the associated segregation distortion are discussed. This research also provides new insights into the process of double fertilization.
Tobacco smoking and cancer: The promise of molecular epidemiology (1997)

Neoplastic development is a multistage process that includes multiple genetic changes. In this article the authors review studies on molecular epidemiology of tobacco. Current concepts of the multistage carcinogenic model are reviewed, as are their use in observational studies. Finally, benzo[a]pyrene are analyzed as an example.
Magnetic susceptibility quantitation with MRI by solving boundary value problems (2003)

Magnetic susceptibility measurement is of considerable research interest in MRI and MRS. A rigorous method was previously developed to quantify the susceptibility of an arbitrarily shaped uniform object in an inhomogeneous external field. However, it requires using the field distribution information on a spherical surface or shell in the surrounding homogeneous medium enclosing the object. In this work, a new approach was developed through solving the boundary value problems of the Laplace equation, which has an advantage that the boundary providing the necessary field distribution information can have an arbitrary shape. This method has been validated on rectangular boundaries with both numerical simulation as well as experimental data. It has also been realized that MRI provides an experimental means of solving some boundary value problems of partial differential equations, if proper boundary condition can be set up.
Polarization Beam Splitter and Rotator for Polarization-Independent Silicon Photonic Circuit (2007)

We propose a novel polarization beam splitter (PBS) and rotator (PBR) for polarization diversity configuration to implement a polarization-independent silicon photonic circuit. Our PBS, which is based on a directional coupler (DC), exhibits the polarization extinction ratio (PER) of 10 dB for the C-band, and the maximum PER is 23 dB. For the PBR, which consists of a Si wire and an off-axis silicon oxinitride (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> ) waveguide, the simulated PER exceeds 20 dB in the efficient wavelength range of over 6 THz.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Oligodendrocytes Regulates Myelin Sheath Thickness (2012)

Formation of the CNS white matter is developmentally tightly regulated, but the molecules and mechanisms of myelination control in the postnatal CNS are poorly understood. Here, we show that myelin growth is controlled by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, originally identified as a proliferative signal for oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in vitro. We created two lines of mice lacking both FGF receptor 1 (Fgfr1) and Fgfr2 in oligodendrocyte-lineage cells but found that in these mice OPC proliferation and differentiation were unaffected. In addition, axonal ensheathment and the initiation of myelination were on time. However, the rapid growth of CNS myelin, normally occurring in the second postnatal week, was strongly inhibited. Throughout adulthood, the myelin sheath remained disproportionately thin relative to the axon caliber. In adult mice, mutant oligodendrocytes were normal in number, whereas the transcription of major myelin genes was reduced. This FGF receptor-mediated stimulation of mature oligodendrocytes could also be modeled in vitro, demonstrating that enhanced expansion of oligodendroglial processes requires signaling by extracellular signal regulated kinase-1 and -2 (Erk1/2), downstream mediators of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In vivo, Erk1/2-MAPK activity was reduced in the hypomyelinated CNS of Fgfr1/Fgfr2 mutant mice. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized function of FGF receptor signaling in oligodendrocytes that contributes to the regulation of myelin sheath thickness and that uncouples the initiation of ensheathment from the later phase of continued myelin growth.
Executive Director’s Note (2015)

The Journal has highlighted local and regional history in text and images for over one hundred years. While the focus in the past has been on social and architectural history, articles have taught us also about the art, political, military, and economic history of Newport County, and have done so in a venue that is accessible to all of our friends and members. Under a new editor and refreshed publications committee, the Journal will offer a broader scope of scholarly articles, but will continue to be publically accessible.
Cascaded operation of SiC JFETs in medium voltage solid state circuit breakers (2016)

This paper reports cascaded operation of 1200V normally-on SiC JFETs in a solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) designed for medium voltage DC systems. The SSCB detects the short circuit fault by sensing the voltage rise between its two terminals and consequently uses this fault condition to power up the control circuit to turn and hold off the SiC JFETs to interrupt the fault current. Voltage sharing and balancing among the cascaded SiC JFETs during the fault current interruption process are important design considerations. Both simulation and experimental work are performed to identify an optimal circuit solution. The final SSCB prototype experimentally demonstrated a fault current interruption capability up to 125 amperes at a DC bus voltage of 1000 volts within 2.5 micro seconds.
Biochemical composition of coronary arteries in Finnish children. (1986)

To study the early features of atherosclerosis, we analyzed coronary artery intima medias from 63 boys and 30 girls who were newborn to 15 years old at the time of accidental death. Fatty streaks were found in five boys and one girl and, with one exception, were not present until the second decade of life. From birth there was a continuous increase in esterified cholesterol (EC) and a two- to threefold rise in free cholesterol and phospholipid. DNA, total protein, and collagen tended to rise after the first decade. The content of hyaluronic acid remained fairly constant, but sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) rose during the second decade; the highest increases were in dermatan and chondroitin sulphates. The content of arterial EC showed significant positive correlations with those of GAGs, but associations with the contents of DNA, total protein, and collagen were not significant. As judged by the observed gradual increase in arterial EC and a change in its fatty acid composition, there is a continuous increase with age in LDL-derived EC in the arterial wall. The mechanism of this accumulation is unknown, but the findings provide circumstantial evidence to support the concept that arterial GAGs may cause retention of plasma-derived lipids, which may subsequently be altered and internalized by the intimal cells.
Carbon‐Nanotube Shape and Individualization Critical for Renal Excretion (2008)

Nanotube shape and the degree of individualization are found to play a critical role in their in vivo transport and translocation profile. Carbon nanotubes (see image) that are well individualized and soluble in biological milieu can cross the kidney barrier and be excreted in urine.
Adrenergic calcium signaling in astrocyte networks within the hippocampal slice (1995)

Norepinephrine (NE) and glutamate (Glu) initiate intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transients, oscillations, and intracellular [Ca2+]i waves in cultured astrocytes. To further elucidate the significance of NE- and Glu-evoked astrocytic [Ca2+]i signaling to neuron-astrocyte communication in the mature CNS, [Ca2+]i of astrocyte networks within hippocampal slices (P21-42) was measured during bath application of NE and Glu receptor agonists. Astrocytes in stratum radiatum were identified by highly negative membrane potentials (75 +/- 3 mV), absence of action potentials, and dye coupling following intracellular injection of the [Ca2+]-sensitive dye calcium orange. NE (2-100 microM) evoked [Ca2+]i increases (7 of 8 slices, 24 of 24 cells in responding slices) characterized by an initial rise, 20-50 sec to peak, followed by a slower return to baseline (over approximately 8 min). The alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine (PE) (10-100 microM) evoked complex [Ca2+]i signals (22 of 26 slices, 90 of 90 cells in responding slices) composed of both a prolonged component (5.1 +/- 1.8 min), synchronized in neighboring cells, and multiple, mainly asynchronous [Ca2+]i spikes (25.0 +/- 11.6 sec). PE responses were completely blocked by the alpha 1-antagonist prazosin (200 nM, n = 4 slices), but not by the alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine (n = 3 slices). The alpha 2-agonist clonidine (10-100 microM) did not increase [Ca2+]i (n = 4 slices). alpha 1-mediated [Ca2+]i transients were observed after removal of extracellular [Ca2+]o (n = 8 of 9 slices), indicating PE-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Adrenergic responses were mediated by alpha 1-receptors localized to astrocytes because PE and NE increased [Ca2+]i of acutely isolated hippocampal astrocytes. Glu (0.75-2.0 mM) did not increase astrocytic [Ca2+]i in slices (0 of 7), even in the presence of the Glu uptake inhibitor L-trans-pyrrollidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) (0 of 5 slices), or in acutely isolated astrocytes (0 of 7 cells). The metabotropic agonist t-ACPD (30 or 50 microM) did not increase astrocytic [Ca2+]i in hippocampal slices (0 of 5), while kainate (200 microM or 1 mM) induced brief (1-2 min) [Ca2+]i increases only rarely (2 of 8 applications in 6 slices). These results support a primary role of NE release and alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation in neuron-astrocyte communication in the mature CNS.
A 0.5V 8bit 10Msps Pipelined ADC in 90nm CMOS (2007)

A true low voltage 0.5 V 8 bit pipelined A/D converter is realized in 90 nm CMOS technology using regular V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">tau</sub> devices. A cascaded sampling technique is used to combat the OFF leakage of the switches. The converter prototype occupies 0.85 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ; operating at 10 Msps, it consumes 2.4 mW and achieves an SNDR of 48.1 dB with a 0.4 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ppdiff</sub> full-scale input.
Exploring some issues in acoustic full waveform inversion (2008)

ABSTRACT The least‐squares error measures the difference between observed and modelled seismic data. Because it suffers from local minima, a good initial velocity model is required to avoid convergence to the wrong model when using a gradient‐based minimization method. If a data set mainly contains reflection events, it is difficult to update the velocity model with the least‐squares error because the minimization method easily ends up in the nearest local minimum without ever reaching the global minimum. Several authors observed that the model could be updated by diving waves, requiring a wide‐angle or large‐offset data set. This full waveform tomography is limited to a maximum depth. Here, we use a linear velocity model to obtain estimates for the maximum depth. In addition, we investigate how frequencies should be selected if the seismic data are modelled in the frequency domain. In the presence of noise, the condition to avoid local minima requires more frequencies than needed for sufficient spectral coverage. We also considered acoustic inversion of a synthetic marine data set created by an elastic time‐domain finite‐difference code. This allowed us to validate the estimates made for the linear velocity model. The acoustic approximation leads to a number of problems when using long‐offset data. Nevertheless, we obtained reasonable results. The use of a variable density in the acoustic inversion helped to match the data at the expense of accuracy in the inversion result for the density.
Solubilization and Electrophoretic Characterization of Select Edible Nut Seed Proteins (2009)

The solubility of almond, Brazil nut, cashew nut, hazelnut, macadamia, pecan, pine nut, pistachio, walnut, and peanut proteins in several aqueous solvents was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. In addition, the effects of extraction time and ionic strength on protein solubility were also investigated. Electrophoresis and protein determination (Lowry, Bradford, and micro-Kjeldahl) methods were used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of proteins, respectively. Depending on the seed, buffer type and ionic strength significantly affected protein solubility. The results suggest that buffered sodium borate (BSB; 0.1 M H(3)BO(3), 0.025 M Na(2)B(4)O(7), 0.075 M NaCl, pH 8.45) optimally solubilizes nut seed proteins. Qualitative differences in seed protein electrophoretic profiles were revealed. For a specific seed type, these differences were dependent on the solvent(s) used to solubilize the seed proteins. SDS-PAGE results suggest the polypeptide molecular mass range for the tree nut seed proteins to be 3-100 kDa. The results of native IEF suggested that the proteins were mainly acidic, with a pI range from >4.5 to <7.0. Western immunoblotting experiments indicated that rabbit polyclonal antibodies recognized substantially the same polypeptides as those recognized by the corresponding pooled patient sera IgE.