gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Connexin-43 induces chemokine release from spinal cord astrocytes to maintain late-phase neuropathic pain in mice (2014)

Accumulating evidence suggests that spinal cord astrocytes play an important role in neuropathic pain sensitization by releasing astrocytic mediators (e.g. cytokines, chemokines and growth factors). However, it remains unclear how astrocytes control the release of astrocytic mediators and sustain late-phase neuropathic pain. Astrocytic connexin-43 (now known as GJ1) has been implicated in gap junction and hemichannel communication of cytosolic contents through the glial syncytia and to the extracellular space, respectively. Connexin-43 also plays an essential role in facilitating the development of neuropathic pain, yet the mechanism for this contribution remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether nerve injury could upregulate connexin-43 to sustain late-phase neuropathic pain by releasing chemokine from spinal astrocytes. Chronic constriction injury elicited a persistent upregulation of connexin-43 in spinal astrocytes for >3 weeks. Spinal (intrathecal) injection of carbenoxolone (a non-selective hemichannel blocker) and selective connexin-43 blockers (connexin-43 mimetic peptides (43)Gap26 and (37,43)Gap27), as well as astroglial toxin but not microglial inhibitors, given 3 weeks after nerve injury, effectively reduced mechanical allodynia, a cardinal feature of late-phase neuropathic pain. In cultured astrocytes, TNF-α elicited marked release of the chemokine CXCL1, and the release was blocked by carbenoxolone, Gap26/Gap27, and connexin-43 small interfering RNA. TNF-α also increased connexin-43 expression and hemichannel activity, but not gap junction communication in astrocyte cultures prepared from cortices and spinal cords. Spinal injection of TNF-α-activated astrocytes was sufficient to induce persistent mechanical allodynia, and this allodynia was suppressed by CXCL1 neutralization, CXCL1 receptor (CXCR2) antagonist, and pretreatment of astrocytes with connexin-43 small interfering RNA. Furthermore, nerve injury persistently increased excitatory synaptic transmission (spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents) in spinal lamina IIo nociceptive synapses in the late phase, and this increase was suppressed by carbenoxolone and Gap27, and recapitulated by CXCL1. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of astrocytic connexin-43 to enhance spinal cord synaptic transmission and maintain neuropathic pain in the late-phase via releasing chemokines.
Advancements in complementary carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (2004)

High performance p- and n-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) are obtained by using high and low work function metals, Pd and Al as source/drain (S/D) electrodes respectively. Ohmic contacts made to chemically intrinsic SWNTs, with no or small Schottky barriers (SB), afford high ON-state currents up to 20 /spl mu/A per tube. The lack of significant Fermi-level pinning at the nanotube-metal interfaces allows for fine-tuning of the barrier heights for p-and n-channel conductions by changing the contact metals. The air-stable p- and n-FETs thus obtained can be used for complementary nanoelectronics, as demonstrated with the fabrication of an inverter. Other important issues regarding nanotube FETs including hysteresis, OFF-state leakage currents, choice of nanotube diameter, and threshold voltage control are discussed.
Synthesis and Structures of Potassium and Rubidium Arenesulfonates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Structures of Potassium and Rubidium ArenesulfonatesBrian J. Gunderman and Philip J. SquattritoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 13, 2924–2931Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00091a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00091a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Multicast Flow Control Protocol (1999)

We studied the hydroboration of the C<sub>70</sub> fullerene using both B3LYP-D3(BJ)/6-311G(d,p) and M06-2X-D3/6-311G(d,p) levels of theory, incorporating the empirical dispersion interaction, and Fukui index calculations. Potential energy surfaces (PESs) and Gibbs free energy surfaces (GFESs) were calculated for the pathways from four BH<sub>3</sub> adducts (located at the <b><i>AB</i></b>, <b><i>CC</i></b>, <b><i>D</i></b>, and <b><i>E</i></b> sites) on the C<sub>70</sub> to eight products formed by the 1,2-addition of BH<sub>3</sub> across the four [6,6]-ring fused bonds (<b><i>AB</i></b>, <b><i>CC</i></b>, <b><i>DE</i></b>, and <b><i>EE</i></b>) and across the two [5,6]-ring fused bonds (<b><i>AA</i></b> and <b><i>DD</i></b>). These pathways are two-step consecutive reactions. We denoted the positions on the fullerene cage as <b><i>A</i></b> through <i>E</i>, from the pole to the equator, based on the D<sub>5h</sub> symmetry of the C<sub>70</sub> fullerene. In the first step reaction, the product ratios for the four adduct intermediates should be as the primary intermediate BH<sub>3</sub>(<b><i>D</i></b>), the secondary intermediate BH<sub>3</sub>(<b><i>AB</i></b>), the tertiary intermediate BH<sub>3</sub>(<b><i>CC</i></b>), and the minor intermediate BH<sub>3</sub>(<b><i>E</i></b>), based on the Fukui indices. In addition, in the second step reaction, transition states (TSs) from four adduct intermediates to eight product isomers, namely, BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>A</i></b>)H (<b><i>B</i></b>) to BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>E</i></b>)H (<b><i>E</i></b>), were obtained using the QST2 method. The calculated reaction coordinates showed exothermic reactions for all bonds except the <b><i>EE</i></b> bond. We also confirmed the transition states by frequency calculations and intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) analyses. The PESs and GFESs suggest spontaneous processes for the four isomers, of which the primary products are BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>A</i></b>)H (<b><i>B</i></b>) and its isomer BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>B</i></b>)H (<b><i>A</i></b>), the secondary product is BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>C</i></b>)H (<b><i>C</i></b>), and the tertiary product is BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>D</i></b>)H (<b><i>D</i></b>), all formed through adduct intermediates. Therefore, through the hydroboration reaction of C<sub>70</sub>, we could predict and design the site selectivity of C<sub>70</sub> by controlling the energy barrier of the transition state in the second step of the reaction. This implies that we could selectively synthesize mainly BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>B</i></b>)H (<b><i>A</i></b>) isomers across the AB-[6,6]-ring fused bond and also design BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>D</i></b>)H(<b><i>D</i></b>) isomers across the DD-[5,6]-ring fused bond. Also, the calculations of formation rate constants can well simulate the experimental ratio of two C<sub>70</sub>H<sub>2</sub> isomers by the hydrolysis of BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>A</i></b>)H(<b><i>B</i></b>), BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>B</i></b>)H(<b><i>A</i></b>), and BH<sub>2</sub>(<b><i>C</i></b>)H(<b><i>C</i></b>) products at room temperature.
Characterization of azobenzene chromophores for reversible optical data storage: molecular quantum calculations (2000)

Azobenzene chromophores are promising as molecularly engineered materials for reversible optical data storage based on molecular reorientation. In this paper, the optical properties of several different azobenzene chromophores are studied using molecular quantum calculations. Special emphasis is put on molecular anisotropy since a high degree of anisotropy is essential for the storage performance. The trans isomers are all found to be practically one-dimensional whereas the anisotropy of the cis isomers is highly dependent on substituents. Molecular reorientation of chromophores in liquid-crystalline polymers is simulated in order to study the influence of lacking cis anisotropy. It is demonstrated that photoinduced birefringence is significantly reduced in materials characterized by a low degree of cis anisotropy.
A Time-of-Flight Range Sensor Using Four-Tap Lock-In Pixels with High near Infrared Sensitivity for LiDAR Applications (2019)

In this paper, a back-illuminated (BSI) time-of-flight (TOF) sensor using 0.2 µm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is developed for long-range laser imaging detection and ranging (LiDAR) application. A 200 µm-thick bulk silicon in the SOI substrate is fully depleted by applying high negative voltage at the backside for higher quantum efficiency (QE) in a near-infrared (NIR) region. The proposed SOI-based four-tap charge modulator achieves a high-speed charge modulation and high modulation contrast of 71% in a NIR region. In addition, in-pixel drain function is used for short-pulse TOF measurements. A distance measurement up to 27 m is carried out with +1.8~-3.0% linearity error and range resolution of 4.5 cm in outdoor conditions. The measured QE of 55% is attained at 940 nm which is suitable for outdoor use due to the reduced spectral components of solar radiation.
Visual Features that Convey Meaning in Graphic Symbols: A Comparison of PCS and Artists' Depictions. (2007)

Research on AAC symbols has focused almost exclusively on iconicity and complexity, and thus has not established whether additional visual features are necessary for conveying meaning in graphic representations. Despite variations in individual depictions of an “apple,” we understand the underlying concept due to shared consensus on the set of necessary visual elements. This initial investigation examined 25 concepts depicted in Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) in terms of a diverse set of visual features and principles. Additionally, seven artists drew the same concepts to determine whether patterns emerged across artist groups and within semantically related concepts. While visual profiles of PCS and artists’ renditions differed for most concepts, they were identical for some concrete concepts. Additionally, common patterns were noted for semantically related concepts. These findings suggest that a broader set of visual features may be useful for analyzing how meaning is conveyed in existing AAC symbol sets and for developing novel symbols.
The Transfusion Advisor: A Knowledge-Based System for the Blood Bank (1988)

The Transfusion Advisor is a knowledge-based system designed to facilitate the review of transfusion requests in the hospital blood bank. We have developed and performed an evaluation of a research prototype of the system which draws conclusions about twelve hemostatic disorders and critiques the appropriateness of the use of frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate (cryo), and platelets, which are products most commonly used for the treatment of hemostatic disorders. Our evaluation of the system revealed that there was closer agreement of the expert system with the domain expert than with the clinicians ordering the transfusions, and that the use of the transfusion advisor to screen transfusion requests may result in a substantial decrease in the use of these blood products.
Modeling and performance evaluation for dual-polarized Ricean MIMO channels (2012)

Dual-polarized (DP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are known to be beneficial in terms of the spectral efficiency under certain conditions on the channel and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In order to assess under which conditions DP antenna setups are advantageous over single-polarized (SP) antenna setups, an accurate yet analytically tractable modeling of such channels is a necessary but challenging task. We propose a novel channel model for DP mobile Ricean MIMO channels for which the statistical channel parameters are readily obtained from a moment-based channel decomposition. An approximate evaluation of the mutual information (MI), expressed as a function of the statistical channel parameters of the proposed channel model, is derived. This approximation allows to assess when it is beneficial in terms of the MI to switch from an SP to a DP setup. Finally, we evaluate the MI for selected SP and DP setups based on channel measurements at 2.53 GHz. We find that the DP setup only provides an improvement in terms of the MI in medium- to high-K-factor scenarios above a certain SNR. The approximate evaluation of the MI is able to accurately reproduce the SNR at which one should switch from an SP to the DP setup.
Las relaciones entre Japón y China: ¿puede continuar la enrarecida atmósfera bilateral? (2006)

Ha pasado un año desde las gigantescas protestas antijaponesas en China. En los últimos meses ha seguido aumentando la tensión entre Pekín y Tokio, recalentada por temas históricos estrechamente vinculados al presente político y material del vínculo bilateral. La calidad de la relación entre los Gobiernos ha seguido descendiendo y el contacto diplomático al más alto nivel ha sido discontinuo. Así las cosas, las declaraciones y los gestos cobran más importancia que nunca.\n\nEste análisis se propone, primero, mostrar el cambio de tono y algunas nuevas posturas en la relación sino-japonesa con respecto a la situación de hace un año. Segundo, analizará algunos indicadores que inciden en el marco bilateral. Y tercero, se pregunta si el distanciamiento puede seguir prolongadamente en el tiempo sin un guión político al más alto nivel.
Effect of concentration by ultrafiltration on the heat stability of skim-milk (1980)

SUMMARY An examination has been made of the heat stability characteristics of skim-milk concentrate prepared by ultrafiltration (UF). Concentrate prepared by UF was found to be more stable than that prepared by conventional evaporation. In contrast to conventional concentrate, the heat stability of UF concentrate was not appreciably affected by forewarming or addition of permitted stabilizers, but the effect of addition of urea was generally the same for both UF and conventional concentrates; an increase in heat stability was obtained if the milk total solids level was less than 14%. As with conventional concentrate, addition of simple aldehydes induced large increases in the heat stability of UF concentrate. It is suggested that a novel range of sterile milk products could be prepared from UF concentrates. Because of the high protein and low lactose contents of these concentrates, the products might be nutritionally more attractive than those prepared from conventional concentrates.
Rotating orthogonal polarization imaging (2008)

Surface reflections often present a problem in the polarization difference imaging of tissue. The technique described involves illumination in a single polarization state and detection in the orthogonal polarization state. Synchronously rotating both the illumination and orthogonal detection states provides an image free from surface reflections that is sensitive to the polarization properties of the underlying tissue. Results on tissue phantoms demonstrate that polarization sensitive measurements of a test target can be made up to a depth of 12 mean free paths within a scattering medium. Preliminary images of bovine tendon are also demonstrated.
Therapy and prevention of arthritis by recombinant adeno-associated virus vector with delivery of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (2000)

This gene therapy, by combining highly efficient and stable rAAV gene delivery, disease-regulated gene expression, and the antiinflammatory effect of IL-1Ra, provides a valuable approach for long-term protection against, and prevention of, arthritis.
Vacuum packaging technology using localized aluminum/silicon-to-glass bonding (2002)

A vacuum package based on localized aluminum/silicon-to-glass bonding has been successfully demonstrated. With 3.4 watts heating power, /spl sim/0.2 MPa applied contact pressure, and 90 minutes wait time before bonding, vacuum encapsulation at 25 mtorr can be achieved. Folded-beam comb drive /spl mu/-resonators are encapsulated and used as pressure monitors. Long-term testing of un-annealed vacuum-packaged /spl mu/-resonators with a Q of 2500 has demonstrated stable operation after 20 weeks. A /spl mu/-resonator with Q of /spl sim/9600 has been vacuum encapsulated and shown to be stable after 7 weeks.
Influence of heterogeneous nucleation on thermodynamic properties of isotactic polypropylene (2013)

Abstract In this paper we have investigated the effect of 1,2,3-trideoxy-4,6:5,7-bis-O-[(4-propylphenyl)methylene]-nonitol sorbitol used in varying amounts (0.01 - 1 wt %) on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix. We have used dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study glass transition temperatures and crystallinity as a function of the nucleating agent concentration. Isotactic polypropylene samples showed a strong dependency on amount of α nucleating agent used. An increasing content of sorbitol based nucleating agent led to an increase of crystallization temperature upon cooling from the melt at constant rate and a decrease of the glass transition temperatures.
Effects of temperature and lipophilic agents on poliovirus formation and RNA synthesis in a cell-free system (1993)

The translation and primary processing events of poliovirus polyproteins in HeLa cell extracts were more efficient at 34 degrees C than at 30 or 36 degrees C. The cleavage products of P2 such as 2Apro, 2BC, and 2C appeared early in the reaction before the appearance of the cleavage products of P1 and of 3CDpro, an observation suggesting that P2 was cleaved in cis by 3CDpro. Proteolytic processing of the capsid precursor P1 into VP0, VP1, and VP3 was also more efficient at 34 degrees C than at either 30 or 32 degrees C. Surprisingly, processing of 3CDpro to 3Cpro and 3Dpol was almost completely inhibited at 36 degrees C. The synthesis of virus in the cell extract was greatly enhanced at 34 degrees C over that at 30 or 32 degrees C, whereas incubation at 36 degrees C yielded very little virus. Cerulenin, an inhibitor of lipid synthesis, did not appear to affect virus-specific translation or protein processing, but it almost completely inhibited viral synthesis in vitro. Oleic acid drastically inhibited in vitro translation at 100 microM and in vitro poliovirus synthesis at 25 microM. Addition of HeLa cell smooth membranes partially restored translation but not virus formation. Our observations suggest that in vitro translation, proteolytic processing, and virus formation require intact membranes. Analysis of the in vitro translation products revealed that viral RNA polymerase activity increased linearly during incubation of the translation mixture. RNA polymerase in the crude mixture was inhibited by oleic acid but not by cerulenin. Surprisingly, oleic acid had no direct effect on oligo(U)-primed, poly(A)-dependent poly(U) synthesis catalyzed by purified 3Dpol.
Triplet‐sensitized irradiation of a main‐chain liquid crystalline poly(aryl cinnamate) in three different phases (2001)

Visible light irradiation of thin films of a main-chain liquid crystalline poly(aryl cinnamate) using ketocoumarins as triplet sensitizers leads to photochemical crosslinking and UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopic changes associated with saturation of the cinnamate double bond, most likely by 2 + 2 photocycloaddition. The triplet sensitizers are themselves photolabile and are lost by photochemical reactions during the sensitization process. A new ketocoumarin sensitizer with decyloxy substituents and a reduced tendency to phase separate from the polymer is reported. A simple calculation of the sensitization stoichiometry shows that a single molecule of this ketocoumarin sensitizes the destruction of approximately 90 cinnamate chromophores in the “as cast” films below Tg and about 300 chromophores in the more-ordered glassy nematic films and in “as cast” films of poly(vinyl cinnamate). Triplet sensitization of fluid nematic films leads, upon initial irradiation, to UV-vis hyperchromism that is attributed to disruption of chromophore aggregation and, possibly, to disruption of the nematic mesophase as photoproducts begin to form. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 134–144, 2001
Discovery of Entrectinib: A New 3-Aminoindazole As a Potent Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), c-ros Oncogene 1 Kinase (ROS1), and Pan-Tropomyosin Receptor Kinases (Pan-TRKs) inhibitor (2016)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for the development of different tumor types. Despite the remarkable clinical activity of crizotinib (Xalkori), the first ALK inhibitor approved in 2011, the emergence of resistance mutations and of brain metastases frequently causes relapse in patients. Within our ALK drug discovery program, we identified compound 1, a novel 3-aminoindazole active on ALK in biochemical and in cellular assays. Its optimization led to compound 2 (entrectinib), a potent orally available ALK inhibitor active on ALK-dependent cell lines, efficiently penetrant the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in different animal species and highly efficacious in in vivo xenograft models. Moreover, entrectinib resulted to be strictly potent on the closely related tyrosine kinases ROS1 and TRKs recently found constitutively activated in several tumor types. Entrectinib is currently undergoing phase I/II clinical trial for the treatment of patients affected by ALK-, ROS1-, and TRK-positive tumors.
Structure of the complex of a yeast glucoamylase with acarbose reveals the presence of a raw starch binding site on the catalytic domain (2006)

Most glucoamylases (alpha-1,4-D-glucan glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.3) have structures consisting of both a catalytic and a starch binding domain. The structure of a glucoamylase from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera HUT 7212 (Glu), determined a few years ago, consists of a single catalytic domain. The structure of this enzyme with the resolution extended to 1.1 A and that of the enzyme-acarbose complex at 1.6 A resolution are presented here. The structure at atomic resolution, besides its high accuracy, shows clearly the influence of cryo-cooling, which is manifested in shrinkage of the molecule and lowering the volume of the unit cell. In the structure of the complex, two acarbose molecules are bound, one at the active site and the second at a site remote from the active site, curved around Tyr464 which resembles the inhibitor molecule in the 'sugar tongs' surface binding site in the structure of barley alpha-amylase isozyme 1 complexed with a thiomalto-oligosaccharide. Based on the close similarity in sequence of glucoamylase Glu, which does not degrade raw starch, to that of glucoamylase (Glm) from S. fibuligera IFO 0111, a raw starch-degrading enzyme, it is reasonable to expect the presence of the remote starch binding site at structurally equivalent positions in both enzymes. We propose the role of this site is to fix the enzyme onto the surface of a starch granule while the active site degrades the polysaccharide. This hypothesis is verified here by the preparation of mutants of glucoamylases Glu and Glm.