gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive Q-switching at 1.54 µm of a Er-Yb:GdCa4O(BO3)3 Laser with a Co :MgAl2O4 Saturable Absorber (2005)

A train of Q-switched pulses is formed in a diode-pumped microchip laser consisting of an Er-Yb:GdCa4 O(BO3)3 active and a Co2+:MgAl2O4 passive elements. The pulses durations were in the range of 1.6-6 ns.
Interfacial Effects in ε-Li<sub><i>x</i></sub>VOPO<sub>4</sub> and Evolution of the Electronic Structure (2015)

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate ε-VOPO<sub>4</sub> is a promising cathode material for high-capacity Li ion batteries, owing to its demonstrated ability to reversibly incorporate two lithium ions per redox center. As lithium is inserted into the nanosized particles within the cathode, the electrochemical reaction can be largely affected by the interfacial chemistry at the nanoparticle surface. We performed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using both soft (XPS) and hard (HAXPES) X-rays to chemically distinguish and depth-resolve the interfacial phase transitions in ε-VOPO<sub>4</sub> electrodes as a function of electrochemical discharge. Our analysis shows that the second lithium reaction begins before the full incorporation of the first lithium. This results in a pronounced lithium gradient within the nanoparticles, with the ε-Li<sub>2</sub>VOPO<sub>4</sub> phase only forming near the surface. These results indicate that a disruption of the kinetics are limiting the realized capacity in our hydrothermally synthesized ε-VOPO<sub>4</sub>. Moreover, from inspection of the valence band region, we were able to monitor the evolution of ε-VOPO<sub>4</sub> to ε-Li<sub>2</sub>VOPO<sub>4</sub> at the surface of our nanoparticles. These assignments are confirmed by hybrid density functional theory of the three end phases.
Priming in Systemic Plant Immunity (2009)

Plants possess inducible systemic defense responses when locally infected by pathogens. Bacterial infection results in the increased accumulation of the mobile metabolite azelaic acid, a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid, in the vascular sap of Arabidopsis that confers local and systemic resistance against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Azelaic acid primes plants to accumulate salicylic acid (SA), a known defense signal, upon infection. Mutation of the AZELAIC ACID INDUCED 1 (AZI1) gene, which is induced by azelaic acid, results in the specific loss of systemic immunity triggered by pathogen or azelaic acid and of the priming of SA induction in plants. Furthermore, the predicted secreted protein AZI1 is also important for generating vascular sap that confers disease resistance. Thus, azelaic acid and AZI1 are components of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses.
Selective Surfaces: High-Surface-Area Zinc Tin Sulfide Chalcogels (2011)

Porous zinc tin sulfide aerogel materials were constructed by metathesis reactions between Zn(acac)2·H2O and tetrahedral thiostannate cluster salts containing discrete [SnS4]4-, [Sn2S6]4-, and [Sn4S10]4- units. Self-assembly reactions of the Zn2+ linker and anionic thiostannate clusters yielded polymeric random Zn/Sn/S networks with gelation properties. Supercritical drying of the gels and solvent/counterion removal resulted in a metal sulfur framework. Zn2SnxS2x+2 (x = 1, 2, 4) aerogels showed high surface areas (363−520 m2/g) and pore volumes (1.1−1.5 cm3/g), and wide bandgap energies (2.8−3.2 eV). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies show the pores are micro- (d < 2 nm), meso- (2 nm < d < 50 nm), and macro- (d > 50 nm) regions. The zinc chalcogenide aerogels also possess high affinities toward soft heavy metals and reversible absorption of strong electron-accepting molecules.
Multimodal speech synthesis (2002)

Multimodal speech synthesis ("talking heads") encompasses synthesis of speech from text ("text-to-speech", TTS) plus synthesis of a visual presentation of a face that is lip-synced to the generated audio ("visual TTS", VTTS). Talking heads are now practical because of the ever-increasing computing power and falling prices of computer hardware. This paper highlights recent technological breakthroughs relevant to the two modalities. In addition, it exposes synergies between the audio and visual technology components. Finally, the paper summarizes test results that highlight the impact of multimodal speech synthesis in communications and e-commerce applications.
Is Platelet Adhesion Assay Able To Quantify Drug-Induced Platelet Dysfunction? (2005)

The platelet adhesion assay (PADA) is an innovative method for the detection of both normal, pathologically increased or decreased platelet adhesiveness. Adhesion is the first important phase of platelet activation, followed by shape change and aggregation. Adhesion is triggered by glycoproteins (GP) on the platelet surface, mainly by GPIIb/IIIa, and to a lesser extent also by GPIb/V/IX. Since fibrinogen serves as adhesive protein for GPIIb/IIIa receptors, and since the PADA uses polymer particles that become coated with fibrinogen, the PADA is able to monitor GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists and to detect overdosing, potentially leading to bleeding complications. Ex vivo, citrated whole blood from healthy volunteers and patients was spiked with increasing GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor concentrations and PADA was measured. Comparing these results with GPIIb/IIIa receptor occupancy, determined by FACS, a basic consistency of the data was shown. Via intracellular signaling, the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor mechanism is closely involved in the activation of GPIIb/IIIa receptors so that also ADP receptor antagonists of the thienopyridine type, especially clopidogrel, can be quantitatively determined by the PADA. In patients under clopidogrel therapy, the therapeutic effect was monitored and also individual dose adjustments were realized. Furthermore, patients having partial or full clopidogrel resistance were identified. Overdoses can be detected as well.
Mouse cell line authentication (2013)

The scientific community has responded to the misidentification of human cell lines with validated methods to authenticate these cells; however, few assays are available for nonhuman cell line identification. We have developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay that targets nine tetranucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) markers in the mouse genome. Unique profiles were obtained from seventy-two mouse samples that were used to determine the allele distribution for each STR marker. Correlations between allele fragment length and repeat number were determined with DNA Sanger sequencing. Genotypes for L929 and NIH3T3 cell lines were shown to be stable with increasing passage numbers as there were no significant differences in fragment length with samples of low passage when compared to high passage samples. In order to detect cell line contaminants, primers for two human STR markers were incorporated into the multiplex assay to facilitate detection of human and African green monkey DNA. This multiplex assay is the first of its kind to provide a unique STR profile for each individual mouse sample and can be used to authenticate mouse cell lines.
Carbon based prosthetic devices (1998)

This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The project objective was to evaluate the use of carbon/carbon-fiber-reinforced composites for use in endoprosthetic devices. The application of these materials for the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints of the hand was investigated. Issues concerning mechanical properties, bone fixation, biocompatibility, and wear are discussed. A system consisting of fiber reinforced materials with a pyrolytic carbon matrix and diamond-like, carbon-coated wear surfaces was developed. Processes were developed for the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of pyrolytic carbon into porous fiber preforms with the ability to tailor the outer porosity of the device to provide a surface for bone in-growth. A method for coating diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the articulating surface by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was developed. Preliminary results on mechanical properties of the composite system are discussed and initial biocompatibility studies were performed.
Characterization of two glycosyl hydrolases, putative prophage endolysins, that target Clostridium perfringens (2018)

Clostridium perfringens, a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium, causes food poisoning and gas gangrene in humans and is an agent of necrotizing enteritis in poultry, swine and cattle. Endolysins are peptidoglycan hydrolases from bacteriophage that degrade the bacterial host cell wall causing lysis and thus harbor antimicrobial therapy potential. The genes for the PlyCP10 and PlyCP41 endolysins were found in prophage regions of the genomes from C. perfringens strains Cp10 and Cp41, respectively. The gene for PlyCP10 encodes a protein of 351 amino acids, while the gene for PlyCP41 encodes a protein of 335 amino acids. Both proteins harbor predicted glycosyl hydrolase domains. Recombinant PlyCP10 and PlyCP41 were expressed in E. coli with C-terminal His-tags, purified by nickel chromatography and characterized in vitro. PlyCP10 activity was greatest at pH 6.0, and between 50 and 100 mM NaCl. PlyCP41 activity was greatest between pH 6.5 and 7.0, and at 50 mM NaCl, with retention of activity as high as 600 mM NaCl. PlyCP10 lost most of its activity above 42°C, whereas PlyCP41 survived at 50°C for 30 min and still retained >60% activity. Both enzymes had lytic activity against 75 C. perfringens strains (isolates from poultry, swine and cattle) suggesting therapeutic potential.
Elimination of Li2O out-diffusion waveguide in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 (1977)

A novel technique was developed to eliminate the Li2O out-diffusion waveguide in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 incurred during the process of Ti in-diffusion. The out-diffusion waveguide can be suppressed by annealing the crystals in LiNbO3 powder at 900 °C in a flowing oxygen environment for 1 h or longer.
Cryptographic Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) for Secure Decision Making of Dynamic Policy With Multiauthority Attribute Tokens (2019)

This article aims to establish a cryptographic solution to improve security and reliability of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's attribute-based access control (ABAC) model. By breaking down the existing structure of attribute-based encryption, we propose a new cryptographic ABAC (C-ABAC) framework with dynamic policy authorization and real-time attribute credentials. Moreover, a practical C-ABAC construction is proposed to support provable policy decision making and verifiable attribute Tokens among multiple distributed authorities. In this construction, we develop a concrete approach of generating a cryptographic policy from access control markup language. We also prove that attribute Token has existential unforgeability under chosen-attribute and chosen-nonce attacks, and the cryptographic policy is existentially unforgeable under chosen-object attack. In addition, our C-ABAC construction provides semantic security against chosen-plaintext attack with Token and policy queries under the extended general Diffie-Hellman exponent assumption. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the C-ABAC system according to complexity analysis and experimental results. The results show that the C-ABAC system is reliable and easy to implement.
Evaporation rate and equilibrium phase separation data in relation to casting conditions and performance of porous cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes (1970)

Abstract Quantitative data on solvent evaporation rates and equilibrium phase separation compositions corresponding to different film casting conditions are given, and the results are discussed with reference to reverse osmosis data on membrane performance. A typical evaporation rate curve plotted on a semilog scale consists of an initial linear part from whose slope evaporation rate constants b have been determined. For a given casting solution composition and temperature, an optimum value of b exists for best membrane performance, and identical values of b result in same membrane performance. Treating the casting solution as a polymer–solvent–nonsolvent ternary system, the data on equilibrium phase separation compositions have been plotted in a triangular diagram for solution temperatures of −10°, 0°, and 24°C. The data indicate that even small changes in solution temperature can bring about significant changes in solution structure and hence membrane performance, and useful conclusions on solution structure can be drawn from such phase equilibrium diagrams. The data and correlations presented here offer a quantitative confirmation of the governing significance of the solution structure‐evaporation rate concept relating to the mechanism of phase separation and pore formation in the surface region during the process of making reverse osmosis membranes.
Lineage-Specific Requirement of c- <i>abl</i> Function in Normal Hematopoiesis (1989)

Structural abnormalities of the c-abl proto-oncogene are found in hematopoietic cells of more than 90 percent of individuals with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Therefore c-abl may be important in normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis. Normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells were exposed to three different c-abl sense or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, and the effects on myeloid and erythroid colony formation were examined. The c-abl antisense oligodeoxynucleotides inhibited myeloid, but not erythroid, colony formation. The c-abl sense oligodeoxynucleotides and bcr sense and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were not inhibitory in this assay. These data show that c-abl is critical in normal myelopoiesis and may explain the relatively selective expansion of leukocytes in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
High-density data storage based on the atomic force microscope (1999)

The atomic force microscope (AFM), with its ability to image and modify surfaces on the nanometer scale, offers the potential for simple, compact, high-density data storage devices. At the heart of the technique is a microfabricated cantilever with a sharp tip on the end. Using modern micromachining techniques, it is possible to batch fabricate cantilevers with tips that are sharp on the scale of 100 /spl Aring/. We have pursued a particular AFM storage scheme based on mechanical readback of topographic data using high-frequency piezoresistive silicon cantilevers. Areal densities of 65 Gbit/in/sup 2/ have been demonstrated, with readback rates greater than 10 Mbit/s. Nanoreplication techniques have been used to produce read-only disks. In addition, a write-once scheme was developed that uses integrated heating elements on the cantilevers in order to perform thermomechanical writing on a polymer substrate. Considerable progress has been made in addressing critical issues such as data rate, reliability, and practical implementation, but significant challenges still remain, both in the technology and in finding the most suitable applications.
Quick position determination using 1 or 2 LEO satellites (1998)

We describe an approach for a medium accuracy position determination of a user terminal (UT) on the Earth surface, using one or two low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. The positioning approach is intended to meet the requirements of a worldwide personal communications system using LEO satellites. The basic two requirements are: (1) immediate positioning, and (2) horizontal position accuracy of the order of 10 km. Those requirements stem from the need of the system to know the user's approximate location before it connects his call. The approach makes use of the two-way communication with the UT, which can receive, transmit, and make its own measurements. Delay and Doppler measurements are used in order to enable instantaneous positioning with one satellite, and in order to achieve unambiguous positioning with two satellites. A simplified Globalstar satellite constellation and the expected Globalstar delay and frequency measurement accuracy are used to demonstrate the concept and to evaluate its performances.
Laser mirror and method of fabrication. [Patent Application] (1982)

An improved laser mirror and heat exchanger and method of fabrication is described which comprises, in a preferred embodiment thereof, a carbon/carbon fiber matrix substrate having deposited thereon a transitional composition layer of carbon and tungsten carbide, and one or more layers of tungsten or tungsten carbide. These layers define a desired network of coolant passageways formed by depositing a low melting point material, such as antimony, in a raised pattern and thereover depositing the tungsten-containing layer, and subsequently melting out the low melting point material. The tungsten-containing layer may then be polished on the exposed surface to a laser mirror finish.
Group III-nitride nanowire structures for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation (2015)

The performance of photochemical water splitting over the emerging nanostructured photocatalysts is often constrained by their surface electronic properties, which can lead to imbalance in redox reactions, reduced efficiency, and poor stability. We have investigated the impact of surface charge properties on the photocatalytic activity of InGaN nanowires. By optimizing the surface charge properties through controlled p-type dopant (Mg) incorporation, we have demonstrated an apparent quantum efficiency of ∼17.1% and ∼12.3% for InGaN nanowire arrays under visible light irradiation (400 nm–490 nm) in aqueous methanol and in the overall neutral-pH water splitting reaction, respectively.
The Effect of an Arg/Trp Polymorphism in α2-Antiplasmin on Fibrinolysis. (2006)

Abstract α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) is a serine proteinase inhibitor with plasmin as its primary target. Plasmin plays a critical role in fibrin proteolysis and tissue remodeling and is highly regulated to prevent excessive proteolysis. α2AP is cleaved by antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme (APCE) between Pro12-Asn13 to yield a shortened version with Asn as the amino-terminus. Asn-α2AP is crosslinked into fibrin ~13 X faster than the full-length Met-α2AP. Clot lysis is slowed in direct proportion to the ratio of Asn-α2AP to Met-α2AP present during fibrin formation. The cloned gene for Met-α2AP contained either a CGG codon resulting in Arg as the sixth amino acid or TGG, resulting in Trp at that position. Both polymorphic forms of Met-α2AP, Arg6 and Trp6, have been found in human plasma. In the present study we determined the genotype frequency of the polymorphism and whether it affected cleavage of Met-α2AP to Asn-α2AP, and ultimately whether fibrinolytic rates were affected by one polymorphic form as opposed to the other. In our normal population, the genotype frequencies were found to be RR 60.9%; RW 35.8%; WW 3.4%. The R allele had a frequency of 78.8% and the W allele had a frequency of 21.2%. A primate DNA panel revealed that the polymorphism follows an evolutionary split with Old World monkeys having the WW genotype and Great Apes having the RR genotype. We found that the polymorphism affected the ratio of Asn-α2AP to Met-α2AP in plasma with WW having the highest percentage of Met-α2AP (56.4%), RR having the least (23.6%) and RW falling in between (40.6%). We examined whether this was due to Met-α2AP(Arg6) being a better substrate for APCE than Met-α2AP(Trp6). When purified α2AP(Arg6) or α2AP(Trp6) were digested with APCE, comparisons of reaction rates based on linear regression analysis of early time points revealed that APCE cleaved Met-α2AP(Arg6) ~8-fold faster that Met-α2AP(Trp6). This phenomenon was confirmed in whole plasma, by incubating plasma from subjects with either the RR, RW or WW genotype and determining the Asn-α2AP/Met-α2AP ratio at 0, 24 and 48 hours. When APCE was removed from the plasma by a specific antibody bound to chromatography beads, the ratio of Asn-α2AP to Met-α2AP did not change over the same time period. Since Asn-α2AP/Met-α2AP ratios are in direct proportion to clot lysis times, we determined whether the polymorphism also impacts and correlates with correspondent plasma clot lysis times. The first tertile of plasma clot lysis times contained all of the WW persons; the longer lysis times in the second and third tertiles contain only RR and RW persons. We conclude that the Arg6Trp polymorphism is functionally significant in that it clearly affects conversion of Met-α2AP to Asn-α2AP, and as a consequence, the rate of Asn-α2AP incorporation into fibrin. Based on these data, the Arg6Trp polymorphism may play a significant role in governing the long-term deposition/removal of intravascular fibrin.
No-carrier-added [.sup.18 F]-N-fluoroalkylspiroperidols (1989)

There is disclosed radioligands labeled with the position emitting radionuclide [.sup.18 F] suitable for dynamic study in living humans with position emission transaxial tomography. These new [.sup.18 F]-N-fluoroalkylspiroperidols, wherein the alkyl group contains from 2-6 carbon atoms, exhibit extremely high affinity for the dopamine receptors and provide enhanced uptake and retention in the brain concomitant with reduced radiation burden. These characteristics all combine to make these new radioligands useful for mapping dopamine receptors in normal and disease states in the living brain. Additionally, a new synthetic procedure for these radioligands as well as a new procedure for preparing the radiolabeled alkyl halide alkylating reagents are also disclosed.
On Superplastic Forming of Pure Titanium for Constructing Dental Implants (1999)

A newly designed dental implant (artificial tooth root) has been developed for the cases where ordinary osseointegrated implants cannot be applied because of the insufficient born quality or quantity. Superplastic forming enables to produce such dental implants from a pure titanium piece. A pre-machined pure titanium piece was sandwiched in between a pair of concavo-covex ceramic die that was formed directly from an image model of maxilla (upper jaw born), then superplastically formed into a dental implant. Therefore the implant has the tailor-made shape for individual patients. Superplastic forming was performed at 1()93K, 0.1mm/min of deformation rate. and 10 -3 - 10 -4 Pa of atmosphere. The forming procedure was finished after the load value reached and was kept at 100kgf for 3() minutes in order to ensure the detailed shape. Implantation to a patient had caused no trouble for more than 4 months after the operation. Besides the born quality or quantity, several other problems exist in the conventional osseointegrated implants (Branemark implant, for instance). In some cases, the bonding strength between the implant and the jaw born is not sufficient enough because the bonding is caused only by mechanical interlocking. In order to overcome this problem a new techniquc for getting a bioactive surface has been developed by the authors. That is hydroxyapatite-granule implantation on the titanium surface by using superplastic deformation, On applying this technique to the conventional dental implants, hydroxyapatite granules must be fixed on the cylindrical or screw-shaped surface of the implants. If the screw shape implants can be superplastically formed directly from a titanium pin, that enables the hydroxyapatite-granule implantation on the surface by operating granule implantation and shape forming simultaneously. In order to realize such implants, superplastically forming of a pure titanium pin into a screw shape was examined. As a result, it was found that the same mold forming method used for producing dental implants was also applicable for screw shape forming. A half-split mold along the screw axis was directly produced from the original screw.