gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced capacitor for one-transistor memory cell (1976)

Ion implantation has been used to increase the depletion-layer capacitance beneath the inversion layer of an MOS capacitor in order to enhance the charge storage per unit area. Boron and arsenic implants were used to increase the depletion-layer capacitance, approximately halving the area required for a given charge storage.
Silicon Carbide Base Ceramic Fiber Synthesis from Polycarbosilane-Polymethylsilane Blend Polymers by Melt Spinning (2006)

A melt-spinnable precursor for SiC based fibers was prepared from blend polymers of polycarbosilane (PCS) and polymethylsilane (PMS). After melt spinning, thermal oxidation curing, and pyrolysis, Si-C-O fibers were obtained. The addition of a small amount of PMS (0.2 or 0.5 mass%) to PCS was effective in increasing the resulting ceramic yield at 1273 K. Fiber decomposition temperature of the obtained Si-C-O fibers shifted to higher temperature (~100 K) by the PMS addition. For high PMS content (20 mass%), however, cross-linking of the blend polymers made the spinning process impossible. Doping of a radical trapping agent in the starting blend polymers was effective in preventing the cross-linking process. Si-C-O fibers with high oxygen content and reduced C/Si ratio were obtained in this case.
Casein-specific IL-4- and IL-13-secreting T cells: a tool to implement diagnosis of cow's milk allergy (2014)

Background Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is a frequent food allergy in young children. The oral food challenge is the gold standard for diagnosis, and there is currently no reliable biological test. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a functional assay quantifying allergen-specific Th2 cells in CMA children. Methods A total of 29 children aged 2.8–10.5 years underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) to cow's milk. Blood was collected before performing the DBPCFC, and peripheral mononuclear cells were cultured in an 18-h ELISpot assay with casein, α-lactalbumin, or β-lactoglobulin. Numbers of antigen-specific IL-4- and IL-13-secreting lymphocytes and serum-specific IgE, IgG4, and total IgE levels were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. Results A total of 17 (59%) children reacted to cow's milk and were therefore considered as allergic to cow's milk (CMA). The mean number of casein-specific IL-4- and IL-13-secreting T cells was higher in CMA than in non-CMA children (P = 0.009, 0.004, respectively). Moreover, it was inversely correlated with the cumulative dose of cow's milk tolerated (P = 0.003, 0.0009, respectively). ROC curve of combined IL-4 and IL-13 analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.98 (95% CI 0.90–1.06). For a cutoff of 10 IL-4- and 12 IL-13-secreting T cells, sensitivity and negative predictive value were 100%. Conclusions Enumeration of casein-specific IL-4- and IL-13-secreting T cells appears a promising tool to improve diagnosis and, if confirmed in larger studies, could permit less frequent use of the oral food challenge.
Amino- and guanidinoacylryanodines: basic ryanodine esters with enhanced affinity for the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium (2+)-release channel (1993)

Amino- and guanidinoacyl esters of ryanodine were prepared to evaluate the effect of basicity on the binding affinity of these derivatives for the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-release channel (SR CRC). In the presence of DCC and DMAP Cbz-beta-alanine reacts with ryanodine in CH2Cl2 to give O10eq-Cbz-beta-alanylryanodine (3a), which on hydrogenolysis yields the beta-alanyl ester (4a). N,N'-bis-Cbz-S-methylthiourea reacts with 4a to yield beta-N,N'-bis-Cbz-guanidinopropionylryanodine (5a). O10eq-beta-guanidinopropionylryanodine (6a) is obtained on hydrogenolytic deprotection of 5a. The binding affinity of beta-alanine ester (4a) and its glycyl congener (4b) is 2-3-fold greater, and that of the beta-guanidinopropionyl ester (6a) and its acetyl congener (6b) 3-6-fold greater, than that of ryanodine. The effect of ryanodine on SR Ca2+ flux is of a biphasic nature: nanomolar levels open (activate) the channel, while micromolar levels close (deactivate) it. The base-substituted esters 4a and 6a both display a unidirectional effect: they only open the channel. An understanding of ryanodine's mode of action and the design of effective SR CRC activating and deactivating ryanoids for possible therapeutic application are major research objectives.
Fine Granularity Scalability Encryption of MPEG-4 FGS Bitstreams (2005)

In this paper, we present an encryption scheme for MPEG-4 FGS which provides the same or a little coarser granularity of scalability after encryption. The scheme encrypts compressed data of each video packet or block independently. Initialization vectors are generated with a method to minimize the overhead. The scalability provided in an encrypted codestream using this scheme enables intermediate nodes to truncate an encrypted bitstream at near R-D optimality directly without decryption, which enhances system security. The scheme has virtually negligible overhead, and produces encrypted codestream with virtually the same error resilience performance as the unencrypted case. These features are very desirable in many applications
Characteristics of a weakly ionized non-neutral plasma (1996)

A scheme that allows stable confinement of a weakly ionized non-neutral plasma is discussed. The method requires the forced rotation of the neutral gas within the trap about an axis that roughly coincides with the trap’s magnetic and mechanical axes. A number of the basic equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of such a trapped plasma are calculated.
The Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin (1997)

The ε-toxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D. The amino acid sequences that have been deduced for the toxins in these strains are identical except for one amino acid. Of a variety of tissue culture cells tested only Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were susceptible to the toxin. In these cells, the toxin caused changes in the actin cytoskeleton. An assay for the ε-toxin, using MDCK cells, has been used to demonstrate the presence of a receptor in rat brain, subsequently shown to be a 26 kDa sialoglycoprotein. The MDCK cell assay was also used to show, with site-directed mutants, that histidine or tryptophan residues do not play a key role in activity of the ε-toxin.
Determinants for the enhanced thermostability of hybrid (1‐3,1‐4)‐β‐glucanases (1993)

Hybrid (1-3,1-4)-beta-glucanases which contain an N-terminal region derived from the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens enzyme and a C-terminal region of the closely related B. macerans enzyme may exhibit a thermostability superior to both parental enzymes. A systematic series of hybrid enzymes were constructed in order to delineate the amino acid residues that affect protein stability. Hybrid enzymes with between one and four of the N-terminal residues for the mature B. amyloliquefaciens (1-3,1-4)-beta-glucanase exhibit no significant changes in biochemical characteristics as compared with the parental B. macerans enzyme. However, significantly enhanced thermostability was observed in the hybrid enzyme containing an N-terminal segment of eight amino acid residues derived from the B. amyloliquefaciens enzyme. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the combined effect of Gln1, Thr2, Ser5 and Phe7 confer enhanced stability on hybrid enzymes, probably by improving the hydrogen bonding that stabilizes the interactions between the N-terminal and the centre of the folded molecule, as well as between the two termini of the polypeptide chain. Furthermore, deletion of Tyr13 in the hybrid enzyme containing the 12 N-terminal amino acids from the B. amyloliquefaciens (1-3,1-4)-beta-glucanase results in a dramatic increase in stability at 70 degrees C with the half-life of 6 min increased to around 4 h. This is twofold higher than the hitherto most stable hybrid enzyme in which the N-terminal domain consisted of 16 residues of the B. amyloliquefaciens enzyme.
Design requirements for an integrated acoustic impedancematching layer (1995)

The design of an integrated acoustic impedance matching layer suitable for the construction of ultrasonic transducers is described. The electrical and acoustical design requirements for an efficient and controlled means of transferring acoustic energy are described. Results showing the impulse response for a transducer with an integrated impedance matching layer are presented.
Magnetic refrigeration with paramagnetic semiconductors at cryogenic temperatures (2017)

We propose paramagnetic semiconductors as active media for refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures by adiabatic demagnetization. The paramagnetism of impurity dopants or structural defects can provide the entropy necessary for refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures. We present a simple model for the theoretical limitations to specific entropy and cooling power achievable by demagnetization of various semiconductor systems. Performance comparable to that of the hydrate (CMN) is predicted.
Learning Singing From Speech (2019)

We propose an algorithm that is capable of synthesizing high quality target speaker's singing voice given only their normal speech samples. The proposed algorithm first integrate speech and singing synthesis into a unified framework, and learns universal speaker embeddings that are shareable between speech and singing synthesis tasks. Specifically, the speaker embeddings learned from normal speech via the speech synthesis objective are shared with those learned from singing samples via the singing synthesis objective in the unified training framework. This makes the learned speaker embedding a transferable representation for both speaking and singing. We evaluate the proposed algorithm on singing voice conversion task where the content of original singing is covered with the timbre of another speaker's voice learned purely from their normal speech samples. Our experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm generates high-quality singing voices that sound highly similar to target speaker's voice given only his or her normal speech samples. We believe that proposed algorithm will open up new opportunities for singing synthesis and conversion for broader users and applications.
System for variable spectra solar light source (2009)

We present a variable spectral and angular light source generator. The design and presented results are focused on solar radiation simulation, reproducing the spectral and angular distribution observed from the sun. This system is particularly interesting in the area of solar concentration. It permits to measure and test multi-junction photovoltaic cells alone or together with concentrating optics. We present some system setups and its performance in reproducing solar radiation around the visible band.
Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanofibril Heterojunctions into Highly Photoconductive Materials (2010)

Photoconductive organic materials have gained increasing interest in various optoelectronics, such as sensors, photodetectors, and photovoltaics. However, the availability of such materials is very limited due to their intrinsic low charge carrier density and mobility. Here, we present a simple approach based on nanofibril heterojunction to achieve high photoconductivity with fast photoresponse, that is, interfacial engineering of electron donor (D) coating onto acceptor (A) nanofibers via optimization of hydrophobic interaction between long alkyl side-chains. Such nanofibril heterojunctions possess two prominent features that are critical for efficient photocurrent generation: the nanofibers both create a large D/A interface for increased charge separation and act as long-range transport pathways for photogenerated charge carriers toward the electrodes, and the alkyl groups employed not only enable effective surface adsorption of D molecules on the nanofibers for effective electron-transfer communication, but also spatially separate the photogenerated charge carriers to prevent their recombination. The reported approach represents a simple, adaptable method that allows for the development and optimization of photoconductive organic materials.
Novel Voltage Source Converter for 10 kV Class Motor Drives (2016)

This paper presents a novel seven-level (7L) voltage source converter for high-power medium-voltage applications. The proposed topology is an H-bridge connection of two nested neutral-point clamped (NNPC) converters and is referred to as an HNNPC converter. This converter exhibits advantageous features, such as operating over a wide range of output voltages, particularly for 10-15 kV applications, without the need to connect power semiconductors in series; high-quality output voltage; and fewer components relative to other classic seven-level topologies. A novel sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique is also developed for the proposed 7L-HNNPC converter to control flying capacitor voltages. One of the main features of the control strategy is the independent application of control to each arm of the converter to significantly reduce the complexity of the controller. The performance of the proposed converter is studied under different operating conditions via MATLAB/Simulink simulation, and its feasibility is evaluated experimentally on a scaled-down prototype converter.
Design of megawatt power level heat pipe reactors (2015)

An important niche for nuclear energy is the need for power at remote locations removed from a reliable electrical grid. Nuclear energy has potential applications at strategic defense locations, theaters of battle, remote communities, and emergency locations. With proper safeguards, a 1 to 10-MWe (megawatt electric) mobile reactor system could provide robust, self-contained, and long-term power in any environment. Heat pipe-cooled fast-spectrum nuclear reactors have been identified as a candidate for these applications. Heat pipe reactors, using alkali metal heat pipes, are perfectly suited for mobile applications because their nature is inherently simpler, smaller, and more reliable than “traditional” reactors. The goal of this project was to develop a scalable conceptual design for a compact reactor and to identify scaling issues for compact heat pipe cooled reactors in general. Toward this goal two detailed concepts were developed, the first concept with more conventional materials and a power of about 2 MWe and a the second concept with less conventional materials and a power level of about 5 MWe. A series of more qualitative advanced designs were developed (with less detail) that show power levels can be pushed to approximately 30 MWe.
Analogs of platelet activating factor. 8. Antagonists of PAF containing an aromatic ring linked to a pyridinium ring (1993)

A series of platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists containing a quaternary pyridinium ring connected through an amide, imide, or carbamate linkage to a substituted aromatic ring was prepared. Of these compounds, those containing a branched imide linkage of the form (CON-(COCH3)CH2, 37-51, and 59) generally showed excellent PAF antagonist properties in vitro. Structure-activity relationships within this series of compounds were studied extensively with respect to substituents and the position of substitution in both the aromatic and pyridinium rings. Several of these compounds (40 and 44) showed in vitro PAF antagonism at less than 0.1 microM and are as potent as CV-6209, the most potent PAF antagonist reported in the literature. Less active PAF antagonists were those bearing simple amide linkages (20-23, 27-29, and 31-35), linear imide linkages (62-63), or carbamate linkages (66 and 68), between the two aromatic rings. A number of our PAF antagonists were tested in vivo in mice and rabbits for their ability to protect these animals against a lethal injection of PAF. Those antagonists that are particularly potent (IC50 < 0.1 microM) provide excellent protection against an LD97 dose of PAF in rabbits. The relationships between structure and activity in vitro and in vivo are presented and compared to literature standards.
Clearmedia: A Proxy-based Architecture for Streaming Media Services over Wireless Networks (2007)

Streaming media over wireless networks typically rely on end-to-end feedback from client devices to help media servers adjust to changing channel conditions. In rapidly fluctuating channel conditions, the client device may not be able to effectively track changes and report them to the server. Furthermore, bandwidth constraints often limit the frequency of end-to-end feedback. In order to overcome these constraints, we propose Clearmedia, a signaling proxy-based architecture for streaming media services over wireless networks. This architecture enables media servers to receive frequent and reliable feedback on network conditions, which leads to enhanced service quality. Our performance studies show that the Clearmedia architecture achieves improvement in several key performance metrics that are representative of end-user perceived video quality.
Chemical Visualization with Optically Super-resolved InfraRed Imaging micro-Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) (2023)

We've developed a microscopy technique for chemical imaging and tomography with high spatial resolution (~100 nm). Data analysis reveals the chemical makeup of the sample as well as the infrared spectrum of each chemical component.
Multi-Dialect Speech Recognition with a Single Sequence-to-Sequence Model (2018)

Sequence-to-sequence models provide a simple and elegant solution for building speech recognition systems by folding separate components of a typical system, namely acoustic (AM), pronunciation (PM) and language (LM) models into a single neural network. In this work, we look at one such sequence-to-sequence model, namely listen, attend and spell (LAS) [1], and explore the possibility of training a single model to serve different English dialects, which simplifies the process of training multi-dialect systems without the need for separate AM, PM and LMs for each dialect. We show that simply pooling the data from all dialects into one LAS model falls behind the performance of a model fine-tuned on each dialect. We then look at incorporating dialect-specific information into the model, both by modifying the training targets by inserting the dialect symbol at the end of the original grapheme sequence and also feeding a 1-hot representation of the dialect information into all layers of the model. Experimental results on seven English dialects show that our proposed system is effective in modeling dialect variations within a single LAS model, outperforming a LAS model trained individually on each of the seven dialects by 3.1~16.5% relative.
Room-temperature single photon sources with definite circular and linear polarizations (2010)

We report experimental results of two room-temperature single photon sources with definite polarization based on emitters embedded in either cholesteric or nematic liquid crystal hosts. In the first case, a cholesteric 1-D photonic bandgap microcavity provides circular polarization of definite handedness of single photons from single colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (nanocrystals). In these experiments, the spectral position of the quantum dot fluorescence maximum is at the bandedge of a photonic bandgap structure. The host does not destroy fluorescence antibunching of single emitters. In the second case, photons with definite linear polarization are obtained from single dye molecules doped in a planar-aligned nematic liquid crystal host. The combination of sources with definite linear and circular polarization states of single photons can be used in a practical implementation of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol.
Structure-Based Design of 3-(4-Aryl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-Biphenyl Derivatives as P2Y<sub>14</sub> Receptor Antagonists (2016)

UDP and UDP-glucose activate the P2Y14 receptor (P2Y14R) to modulate processes related to inflammation, diabetes, and asthma. A computational pipeline suggested alternatives to naphthalene of a previously reported P2Y14R antagonist (3, PPTN) using docking and molecular dynamics simulations on a hP2Y14R homology model based on P2Y12R structures. By reevaluating the binding of 3 to P2Y14R computationally, two alternatives, i.e., alkynyl and triazolyl derivatives, were identified. Improved synthesis of fluorescent antagonist 4 enabled affinity quantification (IC50s, nM) using flow cytometry of P2Y14R-expressing CHO cells. p-F3C-phenyl-triazole 65 (32) was more potent than a corresponding alkyne 11. Thus, additional triazolyl derivatives were prepared, as guided by docking simulations, with nonpolar aryl substituents favored. Although triazoles were less potent than 3 (6), simpler synthesis facilitated further structural optimization. Additionally, relative P2Y14R affinities agreed with predicted binding of alkynyl and triazole analogues. These triazoles, designed through a structure-based approach, can be assessed in disease models.
Plasma source ion implantation of argon for shallow boron doping (2002)

Summary form only given. A recoil implantation technique is investigated for ultra-shallow p+/n junction formation, which is one of the biggest challenges for submicron CMOS technology. In this method, a thin boron layer is first sputtered onto the Si wafer. Then -3kV argon Plasma Source Ion Implantation (PSII) drives the boron atoms into the Si substrate by means of ion beam mixing. The remainder of the boron film is chemically etched away prior to the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) step. The effects of process parameters, such as boron film thickness, Ar dose, and anneal temperature, on the junction characteristics are studied.
DNA Sequencing and Analysis of the Low-Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Response Plasmid pCD1 of<i>Yersinia pestis</i>KIM5 (1998)

The low-Ca2+-response (LCR) plasmid pCD1 of the plague agent Yersinia pestis KIM5 was sequenced and analyzed for its genetic structure. pCD1 (70,509 bp) has an IncFIIA-like replicon and a SopABC-like partition region. We have assigned 60 apparently intact open reading frames (ORFs) that are not contained within transposable elements. Of these, 47 are proven or possible members of the LCR, a major virulence property of human-pathogenic Yersinia spp., that had been identified previously in one or more of Y. pestis or the enteropathogenic yersiniae Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Of these 47 LCR-related ORFs, 35 constitute a continuous LCR cluster. The other LCR-related ORFs are interspersed among three intact insertion sequence (IS) elements (IS100 and two new IS elements, IS1616 and IS1617) and numerous defective or partial transposable elements. Regional variations in percent GC content and among ORFs encoding effector proteins of the LCR are additional evidence of a complex history for this plasmid. Our analysis suggested the possible addition of a new Syc- and Yop-encoding operon to the LCR-related pCD1 genes and gave no support for the existence of YopL. YadA likely is not expressed, as was the case for Y. pestis EV76, and the gene for the lipoprotein YlpA found in Y. enterocolitica likely is a pseudogene in Y. pestis. The yopM gene is longer than previously thought (by a sequence encoding two leucine-rich repeats), the ORF upstream of ypkA-yopJ is discussed as a potential Syc gene, and a previously undescribed ORF downstream of yopE was identified as being potentially significant. Eight other ORFs not associated with IS elements were identified and deserve future investigation into their functions.