gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Reaction Multiplex Reverse Transcription PCR for Detection of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Viruses (2016)

Clinical manifestations of Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and dengue virus infections can be similar. To improve virus detection, streamline molecular workflow, and decrease test costs, we developed and evaluated a multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR for these viruses.
Measuring Intertrochanteric Fracture Stability with a Novel Strain-Sensing Sliding Hip Screw (2020)

Abstract Background Bone healing after internal fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures is difficult to monitor with radiography, particularly with internal fixation implants such as the sliding hip screw (SHS). In this study, we evaluate a robust, user-friendly device to non-invasively determine the loading on the screw implant. This will allow clinicians to better monitor the status of bone healing and take preventative steps if complications occur. Methods A novel strain-sensing sliding hip screw (SS-SHS) was designed and refined using a finite element model of a simple intertrochanteric fracture and a standard SHS implant. The SS-SHS houses an internally fixed indicator rod, whose position relative to the screw body can be viewed on plain film radiographs to measure screw bending. Screw bending was assessed in an intact femur and an unstable A1 intertrochanteric fracture using a finite element computational model and compared with experimental axial loading of a femoral Sawbones composite and human cadaveric femur specimens. Indicator rod position relative to the screw was visually tracked using plain radiographs at each load state. Results The indicator rod was found to displace linearly in response to implant strain in the unstable fracture. This movement was consistently visible and measurable using radiography throughout loading cycles across the mechanical and cadaveric fracture models. Sensor movement was not detected in healed fracture models. The slope of the curve was approximately equal in the computations, composite and cadaveric models (0.08 µm/N, 1.0 µm/N, 0.08 µm/N, respectively). The noise level was approximately 25 N in the composite model and 63 N in the cadaveric specimen and this was sufficient to see 1/10 th of body weight or more for an 80 kg patient which is likely good enough to track fracture healing. Conclusions In current practice, clinicians must carefully monitor their patients for signs of implant failure after surgery. However, by the time signs of failure are apparent, it is often too late to avoid revision surgery. This device enables clinicians to quantitatively track fracture healing, and better communicate the process to the patient. Clinicians can also take preventive measures with at-risk patients before revision surgery is needed, thus reducing mortality risks. Clinical Relevance By augmenting an existing SHS system with an indicator rod, crucial information on the status of fracture healing can be ascertained from follow-up radiographs already taken with no additional risk to the patient.
A Voltage-Edge-Rate-Limiting Soft-Switching Inverter for Wide-Bandgap Devices (2018)

Wide-bandgap (WBG) switches can achieve switching times on the order of several nanoseconds. However, faster switches generate larger inverter output dv/dt. Various deleterious effects attributed to large inverter dv/dt have been observed in various applications, especially in motor drive systems. The effects include false turn-on of WBG switches due to crosstalk, transient over-voltages at motor terminals, electromagnetic interference, and motor bearing failures due to micro arcs. A common approach for limiting peak inverter dv/dt involves the insertion of a dv/dt filter. However, the dv/dt filter introduces extra power losses and increases the size/weight of the heat sink. Soft-switching circuits can reduce inverter dv/dt and switching losses, but using soft-switching to accurately control dv/dt has not been fully explored. A new soft-switching circuit, entitled the auxiliary resonant soft-edge pole (ARSEP), is set forth. The ARSEP improves the available soft-switching circuits so that the dv/dt can be accurately controlled through circuit parameter design. An ARSEP inverter prototype based on SiC MOSFETs was designed, simulated, built, and tested to verify its performance and benefits. Compared to a conventional hard-switched inverter with a dv/dt filter, the ARSEP inverter results in a significant reduction in overall power loss, inductor volume, and weight.
<title>Fast automatic correction of motion artifacts in shoulder MRI</title> (2001)

The ability to correct certain types of MR images for motion artifacts from the raw data alone by iterative optimization of an image quality measure has recently been demonstrated. In the first study on a large data set of clinical images, we showed that such an autocorrection technique significantly improved the quality of clinical rotator cuff images, and performed almost as well as navigator echo correction while never degrading an image. One major criticism of such techniques is that they are computationally intensive, and reports of the processing time required have ranged form a few minutes to tens of minutes per slice. In this paper we describe a variety of improvements to our algorithm as well as approaches to correct sets of adjacent slices efficiently. The resulting algorithm is able to correct 256x256x20 clinical shoulder data sets for motion at an effective rate of 1 second/image on a standard commercial workstation. Future improvements in processor speeds and/or the use of specialized hardware will translate directly to corresponding reductions in this calculation time.
All-optical regeneration of differential phase-shift keyed signals (2007)

All-optical regeneration of differential phase-shift keyed signals is demonstrated experimentally. Phase-preserving amplitude regeneration can be achieved by exploiting gain saturation in a fiber optical parametric amplifier, either with or without wavelength conversion. Phase regeneration requires use of phase-sensitive amplifiers, based on either four-wave mixing or nonlinear interferometers, both of which offer the possibility of combining phase and amplitude regeneration in a single device. Both implementations are investigated experimentally.
Projection-based dose metric: accuracy testing and applications for CT design (2013)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a projection-based dose metric that enables computationally efficient dose estimation. The two physical quantities determining dose, absorbed energy and mass, were estimated in projection space. The absorbed energy was estimated using the difference between the imparted energy and detected energy. The mass was estimated using the area under the attenuation profile. A series of phantom simulations were conducted to test the metric’s applicability for multi-material phantoms, different kVp settings, and bowtie filters. Projection-based dose estimates were benchmarked against results from the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The projection-based dose metric shows a strong linear correlation with MC dose estimates (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.96). The prediction errors for projection-based dose metric are below 14%. This study demonstrates a computationally efficient and relatively accurate dose estimation method based on the projection data. It further suggests the possibility to achieve real-time and patient-specific dose optimization when applied prior to a CT scan.
Acceleration of Transition Test Generation for Acyclic Sequential Circuits Utilizing Constrained Combinational Stuck-At Test Generation (2005)

This paper presents a transition test generation method for acyclic sequential circuits. In this method, to generate test sequences for transition faults in a given acyclic sequential circuit, constrained combinational stuck-at test generation is performed on its double time-expansion model that is composed of two copies of a time-expansion model of the given circuit. This method is complete, i.e., this method can generate test sequences for all the testable transition faults and can identify all the untestable transition faults in a given acyclic sequential circuit. Experimental results show that our method can achieve higher fault efficiency with drastically shorter test generation time than that achieved by a conventional method.
Xeomin®, a Commercial Formulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A, Promotes Regeneration in a Preclinical Model of Spinal Cord Injury (2023)

Xeomin<sup>®</sup> is a commercial formulation of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) clinically authorized for treating neurological disorders, such as blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, limb spasticity, and sialorrhea. We have previously demonstrated that spinal injection of laboratory purified 150 kDa BoNT/A in paraplegic mice, after undergoing traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), was able to reduce excitotoxic phenomena, glial scar, inflammation, and the development of neuropathic pain and facilitate regeneration and motor recovery. In the present study, as proof of concept in view of a possible clinical application, we studied the efficacy of Xeomin<sup>®</sup> in the same preclinical SCI model in which we highlighted the positive effects of lab-purified BoNT/A. Data comparison shows that Xeomin<sup>®</sup> induces similar pharmacological and therapeutic effects, albeit with less efficacy, to lab-purified BoNT/A. This difference, which can be improved by adjusting the dose, can be attributable to the different formulation and pharmacodynamics. Although the mechanism by which Xeomin<sup>®</sup> and laboratory purified BoNT/A induce functional improvement in paraplegic mice is still far from being understood, these results open a possible new scenario in treatment of SCI and are a stimulus for further research.
A novel α4/7‐conotoxin LvIA from <i>Conus lividus</i> that selectively blocks α3β2 <i>vs.</i> α6/α3β2β3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (2014)

This study was performed to discover and characterize the first potent α3β2-subtype-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand. A novel α4/7-conotoxin, α-CTxLvIA, was cloned from Conus lividus. Its pharmacological profile at Xenopus laevis oocyte-expressed rat nAChR subtypes was determined by 2-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology, and its 3-dimensional (3D) structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy. α-CTx LvIA is a 16-aa C-terminally-amidated peptide with 2-disulfide bridges. Using rat subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes, we found the highest affinity of α-CTxLvIA was for α3β2 nAChRs (IC50 8.7 nM), where blockade was reversible within 2 min. IC50 values were >100 nM at α6/α3β2β3, α6/α3β4, and α3β4 nAChRs, and ≥3 μM at all other subtypes tested. α3β2 vs. α6β2 subtype selectivity was confirmed for human-subunit nAChRs with much greater preference (300-fold) for α3β2 over α6β2 nAChRs. This is the first α-CTx reported to show high selectivity for human α3β2 vs. α6β2 nAChRs. α-CTxLvIA adopts two similarly populated conformations water: one (assumed to be bioactive) is highly structured, whereas the other is mostly random coil in nature. Selectivity differences with the similarly potent, but less selective, α3β2 nAChR antagonist α-CTx PeIA probably reside within the three residues, which differ in loop 2, given their otherwise similar 3D structures. α4/7-CTx LvIA is a new, potent, selective α3β2 nAChR antagonist, which will enable detailed studies of α3β2 nAChR structure, function, and physiological roles.
A Simple Method for the Production of Plasmid DNA in Bioreactors (2006)

The need for large quantities of purified plasmid DNA has increased as the applications of DNA vaccines continue to expand. This chapter describes a simple, scaleable procedure based on the fed-batch cultivation of various Escherichia coli clones, which can be easily implemented and scaled-up to large bioreactors. Although some clones may require minor modifications to the feeding strategy, in general, this procedure, implemented as described, is likely to support the production of milligram to gram quantities of plasmid DNA.
Planar helix slow-wave structure with straight-edge connections in the presence of coplanar ground planes (2011)

A planar helix slow-wave structure which has straight-edge connections has been studied for traveling-wave tube applications. The effects of coplanar ground planes, on the dielectric surfaces which also contain the top and bottom inclined helix strips, are examined. The phase velocity and interaction impedance are studied for two possible planar helix configurations. The coplanar ground planes reduce the phase velocity near the cut-off frequency and hence provide a relatively flat phase velocity versus frequency curve. A planar helix with coplanar ground planes has been designed and it produces 118% of bandwidth, for ±5% phase velocity variation, with significant interaction impedance. All results are simulated using CST Microwave Studio eigenmode solver.
Damping characteristics of particle dampers—some preliminary results (2001)

Particle dampers offer considerable potential for suppressing structural resonant conditions over a wide frequency range compared with tuned mass dampers or tuned vibration absorbers. However, they exhibit non-linear behaviour which relates to the motion of the particles that in turn is dependent on the excitation level. This communication describes some preliminary experimental results on the damping characteristics of a particle damping device which clearly show that the damping levels are dependent on the geometry of the device and the resulting motion of the particles arising from the level of the input excitation.
New SO<sub>2</sub> Resistant Mesoporous La—Co—Zr Mixed Oxide Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Oxidation. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tailoring the Thermal Expansion of Glass‐Ceramics by Controlled Twofold Crystallization of Li <sub>2</sub> Si <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> and CsAlSi <sub>5</sub> O <sub>12</sub> (2015)

The mechanical and optical properties of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 glass‐ceramics can be precisely controlled via the crystal morphology and content. However, the materials' coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) depends on the fraction as well as the CTE of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and the residual glass phase, and therefore covers a rather narrow range between 10.2 and 11.3 *10 −6 K −1 (100–400°C). This study presents a way to tailor the CTE of lithium disilicate‐based glass‐ceramics by controlled twofold precipitation of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and CsAlSi 5 O 12 as a minor crystal phase with high CTE from homogenous Cs 2 O comprising bulk base glasses. The Cs 2 O content in the base glass significantly influences the nucleation and crystallization process of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 as well as the microstructure of the glass‐ceramic materials. While the precipitation of Li 2 SiO 3 and Li 2 Si 2 O 5 starts at temperatures ≤700°C, CsAlSi 5 O 12 forms in parallel to the enhanced formation of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 as a result of Li 2 SiO 3 dissolution at crystallization temperatures >850°C. Glass‐ceramics with a CTE ranging from 11 to 13.1*10 −6 K −1 (25–500°C) and a mean biaxial strength ≥370 MPa were produced. The preliminary study of this glass system proofs the potential of twofold crystallization to control the CTE of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramics.
Interpolation Based Maximum-Likelihood (ML) Detection of Asynchronous Servo Repeatable Run Out (RRO) Data (2006)

This paper demonstrates the use of asynchronous maximum-likelihood (ML) detection to improve the detection performance of coded servo repeatable run out data. A suboptimal ML algorithm based on an absolute value metric is presented. This paper compares the performance of the ML algorithms with an asynchronous bit by bit (BBB) detection algorithm. Simulation results quantify the performance improvement over the BBB algorithm. A gain correction algorithm is also proposed to allow the asynchronous ML detection performance to be less sensitive to gain errors. The efficacy of the gain correction algorithm is quantified via simulations
Free form fabrication of thermoplastic composites (1998)

This report describes the results of composites fabrication research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories. They have developed, prototyped, and demonstrated the feasibility of a novel robotic technique for rapid fabrication of composite structures. Its chief innovation is that, unlike all other available fabrication methods, it does not require a mold. Instead, the structure is built patch by patch, using a rapidly reconfigurable forming surface, and a robot to position the evolving part. Both of these components are programmable, so only the control software needs to be changed to produce a new shape. Hence it should be possible to automatically program the system to produce a shape directly from an electronic model of it. It is therefore likely that the method will enable faster and less expensive fabrication of composites.
BIST-based diagnostics of FPGA logic blocks (2002)

Accurate diagnosis is an essential requirement in many testing environments, since it is the basis for any repair or replacement strategy used for chip or system fault-tolerance. In this paper we present the first approach able to diagnose faulty programmable logic blocks (PLBs) in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) with maximal diagnostic resolution. Our approach is based on a new Built-In Self-Test (BIST) architecture for FPGAs and can accurately locate any single and most multiple faulty PLBs. An adaptive diagnostic strategy provides identification of faulty PLBs with a 7% increase in testing time over the complete detection test, and can also be used for manufacturing yield enhancement. We present results showing identification of faulty PLBs in defective ORCA chips.
Flavonoid Biocides: Wood Preservatives Based on Condensed Tannins (1988)

The condensed tannins are natural wood preservatives found in high concentrations in the bark and wood of some tree species. Condensed tannin-containing bark extracts from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) were evaluated as wood preservatives using standard methods. Bark extracts by themselves did not cause any reduction in weight loss of pressure-treated wood blocks at the retentions tested. However, they do have efficacy as wood preservatives when complexed with copper (II) ions. The best experimental wood preservative formulation was a dual treatment using a sulphited bark extract first, followed by a CuCl < inf> 2 treatment. At some retentions, this method yielded wood blocks with greater resistance to decay by Coriolus versicolor than pentachlorophenol. A single stage treatment of extract plus copper using an aqueous ammoniacal solvent was also successful but not as effective as the dual treatment. Copyright © 1988 Walter de Gruyter
Structure–Activity Relationship of Novel and Selective Biaryl-Chroman GPR40 AgoPAMs (2018)

A series of biaryl chromans exhibiting potent and selective agonism for the GPR40 receptor with positive allosteric modulation of endogenous ligands (AgoPAM) were discovered as potential therapeutics for the treatment of type II diabetes. Optimization of physicochemical properties through modification of the pendant aryl rings resulted in the identification of compound AP5, which possesses an improved metabolic profile while demonstrating sustained glucose lowering.
High-power leaky-mode multiple-stripe laser (1981)

A new multiple-stripe injection laser has been developed. By fabricating a stripe array of buried heterostructures configured to operate in leaky modes, strong coupling is produced between the stripes leading to linear operation and stable output characteristics. Efficient utilization of the total emitting area results from leaky-mode operation, and peak pulsed output powers to 1.5 W have been observed.
Understanding the Dynamics of Hand Picking Patterns of Fresh Market Apples (2014)

<abstract> <bold>Abstract.</bold> Patterns and extent of grasping force and moment involved in manual apple picking is a fundamental information needed in designing an effective end-effector for robotic apple harvesting. The investigation of hand picking patterns will be useful to identify efficient way(s) of apple harvesting, which will lead to an effective and efficient end-effector design. In this research, hand grasping force was measured during manual harvesting of apples of different varieties, including âGranny Smithâ, âGalaâ, and âFujiâ in 2013 harvest season. The average firmness of these apples ranged from 51.0 to 76.4 N. The grasping force measurement system consisted of two force sensors attached to an ultrathin glove, a data acquisition card, and associated software. Sensorâs electrical output was calibrated to relate to actual force. Normal forces to the apple surface were measured during pulling, cutting, twisting against peduncle orientation, and twisting along peduncle orientation of apples. The magnitude of the grasping force was analyzed in relation to apple varieties, shape, weight, and firmness. Force applied to the apple surface varied substantially from one apple to the other. In general, grasping force ranged between 2.4 and 57.6 N, which was substantially smaller than firmness of the corresponding apple variety. This result indicated that a robotic end-effector can be developed for effective fruit detachment without causing any damage. Grasping force differed substantially between different types of grasping pattern from 9.6 N for cutting to 41.4 N for pulling, but little correlation with apple varieties, shape, weight, and firmness was observed. This knowledge is also useful for engineers to design and develop effective end-effectors to achieve desired grasping patterns.
Clique-based clustering for improving named entity recognition systems (2009)

We propose a system which builds, in a semi-supervised manner, a resource that aims at helping a NER system to annotate corpus-specific named entities. This system is based on a distributional approach which uses syntactic dependencies for measuring similarities between named entities. The specificity of the presented method however, is to combine a clique-based approach and a clustering technique that amounts to a soft clustering method. Our experiments show that the resource constructed by using this clique-based clustering system allows to improve different NER systems.
High phosphorous doped germanium: Dopant diffusion and modeling (2012)

The in situ n-type doping of Ge thin films epitaxial grown on Si substrates is limited to 1 × 1019 cm−3 by the phosphorous out-diffusion during growth at 600 °C. By studying the phosphorous diffusion in Ge with different background doping, we find that the diffusion coefficient is extrinsic and is enhanced 100 times in Ge doped at 1 × 1019 cm−3 compared to intrinsic diffusivity. To achieve higher phosphorous concentration, delta-doped layers are used as a dopant source for phosphorous in-diffusion. We show that the doping level is a result of the competition between in-diffusion and dopant loss. The high diffusivity at high n-type carrier concentration leads to a uniform distribution of phosphorous in Ge with the concentration above 3 × 1019 cm−3.
<title>Microfabricated interlock system for precision alignment</title> (1997)

A mechanical interlock system is reported that achieves the manual alignment of two components accurate to within plus or minus 10 micrometers in three spatial coordinates. In addition, the system allows rapid component interchange. The system is based on a novel two stage application of the principles of the kinematic location of instrument components. A macro scale kinematic mount allows manual handling while a micro scale mount delivers the accuracy required. Silicon microfabrication methods are used to create features in the micron size range accurately and repeatable for the micro scale mount. Such a system could be used for fluidic, pneumatic, electrical, optical, or mechanical interconnects. We use it for the alignment of optics to flow channel in an optical flow cytometer which is part of a microfluidic total chemical analysis system we are developing.