gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor-β Secreted from CD4+ T Cells Ameliorates Antigen-Induced Eosinophilic Inflammation: A Novel High-Dose Tolerance in the Trachea (1999)

The induction of peripheral tolerance is one of the feasible approaches for the control of autoimmunities and allergies. Tolerance induction in the intestine has been studied extensively and therapeutic applications to autoimmunities are in progress, whereas tolerance in the respiratory tract is poorly investigated. We examined the immunoregulatory mechanisms for evading exaggerated inflammatory responses in the murine airway mucosa. Administration of an optimal dose of ovalbumin (OVA) to the trachea elicited eosinophilic inflammation in the trachea of OVA/aluminum hydroxide-sensitized BALB/c mice, whereas higher doses were unable to do so. This failure paralleled the downregulation of interleukin-4 production by mediastinal lymph node (LN) T cells. This high-dose tolerance was attributable to the mechanisms of antigen (Ag)-specific suppression, because the adoptive transfer of CD4(+) LN T cells from the OVA-tolerant mice inhibited the OVA-specific, but not irrelevant Ag KLH-specific, eosinophilic responses. The inhibitory effects were neutralized by the intratracheal administration of anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, but not that of anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma, monoclonal antibodies, indicating that the high-dose tolerance was mediated by secreted TGF-beta, but not by the dominance of transferred T helper (Th)1 cells over Th2 cells. The pivotal role of TGF-beta was reinforced by the finding that the LN cells from the OVA-tolerant mice produced TGF-beta in response to the in vitro Ag stimulation. These results demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism in the airway: that TGF-beta secreted by T cells plays an important role in the downmodulation of the immune responses to high doses of Ag which might otherwise induce deleterious inflammation in the airway mucosal tissues.
Early Assessment Window for Predicting Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant Therapy Using Biomarkers, Ultrasound, and Diffuse Optical Tomography (2020)

Abstract Background: Neoadjuvant Therapy (NAT) permits less aggressive breast and axillary surgery and better assessment of systemic response. Establishing accurate and early predictors of NAT response would help limit morbidity of ineffective regimens through modification of treatment regimens and thereby optimize clinical outcomes. The purpose of the study was to assess the utility of tumor biomarkers, ultrasound (US) and US-guided diffuse optical tomography (DOT) in early prediction of breast cancer response to NAT. Methods This prospective HIPAA compliant study was approved by the institutional review board. Forty one patients were imaged with US and US-guided DOT prior to NAT, at completion of the first three treatment cycles, and prior to definitive surgery from February 2017 to January 2020. Miller-Payne grading was used to assess pathologic response. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were derived from logistic regression using independent variables, including: tumor biomarkers, US maximum diameter, percentage reduction of the diameter (%US), pretreatment maximum total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) and percentage reduction in HbT (%HbT) at different treatment time points. Resulting ROCs were compared using area under the curve (AUC). Statistical significance was tested using two-sided two-sample student t-test with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Thirty-eight patients (mean age =47, range 24-71 years) successfully completed the study, including 15 HER2+ of which 11 were ER+; 12 ER+ or PR+/HER2-, and 11 triple negative. The combination of HER2 and ER biomarkers, %HbT at the end of cycle 1 (EOC1) and %US (EOC1) provided the best early prediction, AUC = 0.941 (95% CI: 0.869 ­ –1.0). Similarly an AUC of 0.910 (95% CI: 0.810–1.0) with %US (EOC1) and %HbT (EOC1) can be achieved independent of HER2 and ER status. The most accurate prediction, AUC = 0.974 (95% CI: 0.933–1.0), was achieved with %US at EOC1 and %HbT (EOC3) independent of biomarker status. Conclusion The combined use of tumor HER2 and ER status, US, and US-guided DOT may provide accurate prediction of NAT response as early as the completion of the first treatment cycle. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT02891681Registration time: September 7, 2016https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02891681
Modulation of RAGE expression influences the adhesion of red blood cells from diabetic patients. (2006)

Atherothrombotic complications are frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes. Red blood cells (RBC) from diabetic patients exhibited an increased adhesion which correlated to the extent of vascular complications. In the present study we have investigated the adhesive interactions of RBCs with endothelium, using flow-based assessments. RBCs and endothelial cells were unstimulated or stimulated using respectively adrenaline and TNFalpha. Adhesion assays were carried-out by drawing the RBC suspension through a glass microcapillary tube precoated by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These microslides were then incorporated into a controlled flow system equipped with a computerized video-microscopic image analysis. RBCs from diabetic patients bind to endothelial cells and could withstand wall shear stresses above 0.1 Pa. After stimulation by TNFalpha the adhesion was 1.5-fold higher. Blocking experiments demonstrated that the adhesion was mediated by the receptor for AGE (RAGE). Adrenaline-treated RBCs showed a transient increase in adhesion at low shear stresses. Inflammatory mediators or catecholamine amplifying diabetic RBC adhesion may aggravate endothelial cell damages.
PARK2-mediated mitophagy is involved in regulation of HBEC senescence in COPD pathogenesis (2015)

Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mitochondrial damage with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been implicated in COPD pathogenesis by accelerating senescence. Mitophagy may play a pivotal role for removal of CS-induced damaged mitochondria, and the PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1)-PARK2 pathway has been proposed as a crucial mechanism for mitophagic degradation. Therefore, we sought to investigate to determine if PINK1-PARK2-mediated mitophagy is involved in the regulation of CS extract (CSE)-induced cell senescence and in COPD pathogenesis. Mitochondrial damage, ROS production, and cell senescence were evaluated in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Mitophagy was assessed in BEAS-2B cells stably expressing EGFP-LC3B, using confocal microscopy to measure colocalization between TOMM20-stained mitochondria and EGFP-LC3B dots as a representation of autophagosome formation. To elucidate the involvement of PINK1 and PARK2 in mitophagy, knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed. PINK1 and PARK2 protein levels in lungs from patients were evaluated by means of lung homogenate and immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that CSE-induced mitochondrial damage was accompanied by increased ROS production and HBEC senescence. CSE-induced mitophagy was inhibited by PINK1 and PARK2 knockdown, resulting in enhanced mitochondrial ROS production and cellular senescence in HBEC. Evaluation of protein levels demonstrated decreased PARK2 in COPD lungs compared with non-COPD lungs. These results suggest that PINK1-PARK2 pathway-mediated mitophagy plays a key regulatory role in CSE-induced mitochondrial ROS production and cellular senescence in HBEC. Reduced PARK2 expression levels in COPD lung suggest that insufficient mitophagy is a part of the pathogenic sequence of COPD.
Dental endosseous implants in the medically compromised patient<sup>1</sup> (2007)

The literature contains numerous observations on the significance of systemic disorders as contraindications to dental endosseous implant treatment, but the justification for these statements is often apparently allegorical. Although implants are increasingly used in healthy patients, their appropriateness in medically compromised patients is less equivocal. Perhaps surprisingly, the evidence of their efficacy in these groups of patients is quite sparse. Indeed, there are few if any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this field. Furthermore, any health risks from the placement of implants are unclear. We review the current evidence for the risks associated with endosseous implants in a range of systemic disorders. There is clearly a need for prospective systematic trials. The degree of disease-control may be far more important that the nature of the disorder itself, and individualized assessment, including the medical condition, quality of life and life expectancy is indicated. The benefits of implants to many of these patients may outweigh any risks. However, proper informed consent is mandatory.
Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions Catalysed by Copper‐Free Palladium Zeolites (2004)

Abstract A heterogeneous copper‐free [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ /(NH 4 )Y catalyst was employed to achieve the heterogeneous Sonogashira reaction of aryl halides with terminal alkynes. Several reaction parameters like solvent, base and temperature were evaluated. When optimised, the coupling reaction of bromobenzene with phenylacetylene gave a 45% yield of diphenylacetylene within 3 h using only 1 mol % Pd. This catalyst was successfully applied to the coupling reaction of a range of aryl iodides and bromides: aryl iodides and activated aryl bromides gave almost quantitative yields and non‐activated aryl bromides led to reasonable yields (20% to 45%). This heterogeneous [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ /(NH 4 )Y catalyst was shown to be efficient, stable towards leaching and recyclable for the copper‐free Sonogashira reaction.
Enhanced crystallinity of silicon films grown from eutectic melt on aluminum sheets (1976)

Silicon films were grown from Al-Si eutectic melt directly formed on aluminum sheets. High-energy silicon atoms were deposited onto aluminum sheets at 420 °C in an argon discharge atmosphere of 5×10−4 Torr using an rf ion-plating system. A significant increase in the crystallinity of silicon films was observed from transmission electron diffraction studies. The mechanism of silicon eutectic growth on aluminum sheets is also discussed.
MIMO for ATSC 3.0 (2016)

This paper provides an overview of the optional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna scheme adopted in ATSC 3.0 to improve robustness or increase capacity via additional spatial diversity and multiplexing by sending two data streams in a single radio frequency channel. Although it is not directly specified, it is expected in practice to use cross-polarized 2×2 MIMO (i.e., horizontal and vertical polarization) to retain multiplexing capabilities in line-of-sight conditions. MIMO allows overcoming the channel capacity limit of single antenna wireless communications in a given channel bandwidth without any increase in the total transmission power. But in the U.S. MIMO can actually provide a larger comparative gain because it would be allowed to increase the total transmit power, by transmitting the nominal transmit power in each polarization. Hence, in addition to the MIMO gains (array, diversity, and spatial multiplexing), MIMO could exploit an additional 3 dB power gain. The MIMO scheme adopted in ATSC 3.0 re-uses the single-input single-output antenna baseline constellations, and hence it introduces the use of MIMO with non-uniform constellations.
Unsupervised Pre-training for Natural Language Generation: A Literature Review (2019)

Recently, unsupervised pre-training is gaining increasing popularity in the realm of computational linguistics, thanks to its surprising success in advancing natural language understanding (NLU) and the potential to effectively exploit large-scale unlabelled corpus. However, regardless of the success in NLU, the power of unsupervised pre-training is only partially excavated when it comes to natural language generation (NLG). The major obstacle stems from an idiosyncratic nature of NLG: Texts are usually generated based on certain context, which may vary with the target applications. As a result, it is intractable to design a universal architecture for pre-training as in NLU scenarios. Moreover, retaining the knowledge learned from pre-training when learning on the target task is also a non-trivial problem. This review summarizes the recent efforts to enhance NLG systems with unsupervised pre-training, with a special focus on the methods to catalyse the integration of pre-trained models into downstream tasks. They are classified into architecture-based methods and strategy-based methods, based on their way of handling the above obstacle. Discussions are also provided to give further insights into the relationship between these two lines of work, some informative empirical phenomenons, as well as some possible directions where future work can be devoted to.
중국 윈난성(雲南省) 디칭(迪慶) 티베트자치주 중디엔(中甸)의 개명과 이미지의 관계 (2016)

인간의 의식은 일차적으로 눈에 들어온 이미지로 만들어지고 고정화된다. 이미지는 앎의 대상이 아니라 느낌과 감각의 대상이기 때문이다. 따라서 어떤 이미지의 각인과 규정화는 사람들에게 일상에 대한 과도한 기대를 낳고 사물의 본질이 아닌 사물의 허상 즉, 이미지의 환상을 좇게 만들 수 있다. 즉 이미지로 인하여 재구성된 현실이 새로운 가치관, 규범, 질서, 문화를 만드는 것이다. 이것은 이미지 사용의 목적과 활용이 뚜렷할수록 두드러진다. 중국 윈난(雲南) ``중디엔``(中甸)현이 ``샹그릴라``(香格里拉)현으로 개명한 사례가 그러하다. 2001년 12월 17일 중국 윈난의 ``중디엔``지역은 정부의 적극적인 추진으로 ``샹그릴라``현으로 개명되었다. 중디엔은 샹그릴라로 개명한 후, 토착민들의 삶의 형태와 지향점, 정체성, 문화, 가치관 등의 변화를 초래하였다. 어떤 집단이나 사회가 새로운 개념이나 이미지의 파장에 들어갔다는 가장 분명한 신호 중의 하나는 기존의 그들의 시공간을 지탱해주던 객관적 정체성과 정신적 토대들을 포기하거나 애써 잊어버리고 그것들에 상응하는 새로운 물적 토대와 문화를 만들어내고 그것을 함께 공유한다는 것이다. 개명된 샹그릴라 지역의 토착민들은 지금 그러한 경험을 하고 있다. 본 글의 목적은 18세기 서구의 다양한 계층(식물학자, 탐험가, 선교사, 고고학자)들의 개인적 도전과 국가차원의 지원 속에서 추진된 아시아의 탐험, 요컨대 그들의 목숨을 건 경험과 고찰 속에서 발견된 중국 윈난지역이 어떻게 중국 안에서 새롭게 ``샹그릴라``라는 개념과 이미지로 탄생했는지? 또한 개명된 샹그릴라는 어떤 이미지를 계승하고 개념화하고 있는지를 추적하면서, 그 출발점을 19세기에서 20세기 초 서구사회에서 ``샹그릴라``라는 키워드가 대중적으로 각인된 사회적 배경과 그로 인한 상징의미가 무엇인지를 입체적으로 살펴볼 것이다. 그리고 그러한 샹그릴라의 이미지와 개념이 전통적인 중디엔 지역에서 어떤 파급효과와 새로운 이미지를 파생하고 있는지도 살펴볼 것이다.
Reforming the Movies (2012)

This chapter describes Protestant movie reform as an effort to counteract any negative influence and turn the cinema into an ally of home, school, and church. To both fend off legal censorship and expand its prospects with middle-class audiences, in 1909 the film industry empowered the National Board of Censorship (later Review) of Motion Pictures to enlist a group of New York’s cultural custodians to sign off on movies for general consumption. Though ecumenical, the National Board’s membership was heavily Protestant. The Board was eventually stymied by its conflicting purposes. In effect censoring movies to protect the industry from legal censorship, the Board was unable to maintain a broad enough consensus on standards to adequately reflect diverse public opinion.
Performance-analysis-based acceleration of image quality assessment (2012)

Two stages are commonly employed in modern algorithms of image/video quality assessment (QA): (1) a local frequency-based decomposition, and (2) block-based statistical comparisons between the frequency coefficients of the reference and distorted images. This paper presents a performance analysis of and techniques for accelerating these stages. We specifically analyze and accelerate one representative QA algorithm recently developed by the authors (Larson and Chandler, 2010). We identify the bottlenecks from the abovementioned stages, and we present methods of acceleration using integral images, inline expansion, a GPGPU implementation, and other code modifications. We show how a combination of these approaches can yield a speedup of 47×.
C-reactive protein co-localizes with complement in human hearts during acute myocardial infarction (1996)

BACKGROUND: Rises in circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototypical acute-phase protein in humans, correlate with clinical outcome in patients with myocardial ischemia and infarction. We hypothesized that these correlations might reflect active participation of CRP in the local inflammatory response ensuing in the jeopardized myocardium because on binding to a ligand, CRP is able to activate the classic pathway of complement, and in addition, complement activation has been shown to occur locally in infarcted myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS: To verify our hypothesis, we investigated localization of CRP in relation to deposition of complement in tissue specimens of infarcted and healthy heart tissue obtained from 17 patients who had died after acute myocardial infarction. CRP was found to be deposited only in infarcted regions and not in normal-appearing areas of the myocardium, being colocalized with depositions of C4 and C3 activation fragments of the complement system. Deposition of CRP and complement in infarcted myocardium appeared to be time dependent, because it was found in all infarctions except for one of young age ( <12 hours old) and two of greater age (> 1 year old), whereas another tissue specimen of an infarct <12 hours old showed only moderate but positive staining for both CRP and complement in comparison with older infarctions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in humans, CRP may localize in infarcted heart tissue and suggest that this acute-phase protein promotes local complement activation, and hence tissue damage, in acute myocardial infarction
Commentary: SWS Brain-Wave Music May Improve the Quality of Sleep: An EEG Study (2021)

A Commentary on \nSWS Brain-Wave Music May Improve the Quality of Sleep: An EEG Study\n\nby Gao, D., Long, S., Yang, H., Cheng, Y., Guo, S., Yu, Y., et al. (2020). Front. Neurosci. 14:67. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00067
The effect of radome on the transmitted electromagnetic field (2002)

The more efficient conjugate gradient and fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) method is applied to study the influence of the salient radome parameters such as wall thickness, material loss and presence of windows on the electromagnetic transmission field of the missile radome. The simulation is checked by the exact results for the spherical shells.
The past, present, and future of x-ray technology for <i>in vivo</i> imaging of function and form (2009)

Scientists and clinicians have a keen interest in studying not just the structure of physiological systems, but their motion also, or more generally their form and function. This paper focuses on the technologies that underpin in vivo measurements of form and function of the human body for both research and medical treatment. A concise literature review of x-ray imaging, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide imaging, laser Doppler velocimetry, and particle image velocimetry is presented. Additionally, a more detailed review of in vivo x-ray imaging is presented. Finally, two techniques, which the authors believe are representative of the present and future of in vivo x-ray imaging techniques, are presented.
Synopsis of pathology (1980)

This pocket reference focuses on perioperative considerations, anesthetic management, and concerns for a broad spectrum of common disorders and operations. Numerous tables, outlines, and illustrations give treatment protocols, and a set of appendices provides drug lists, pediatric resuscitation guidelines, algorithms, and more.
Lane-Level Map-Matching Method for Vehicle Localization Using GPS and Camera on a High-Definition Map (2020)

Accurate vehicle localization is important for autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance systems. Existing precise localization systems based on the global navigation satellite system cannot always provide lane-level accuracy even in open-sky environments. Map-based localization using high-definition (HD) maps is an interesting method for achieving greater accuracy. We propose a map-based localization method using a single camera. Our method relies on road link information in the HD map to achieve lane-level accuracy. Initially, we process the image-acquired using the camera of a mobile device-via inverse perspective mapping, which shows the entire road at a glance in the driving image. Subsequently, we use the Hough transform to detect the vehicle lines and acquire driving link information regarding the lane on which the vehicle is moving. The vehicle position is estimated by matching the global positioning system (GPS) and reference HD map. We employ iterative closest point-based map-matching to determine and eliminate the disparity between the GPS trajectories and reference map. Finally, we perform experiments by considering the data of a sophisticated GPS/inertial navigation system as the ground truth and demonstrate that the proposed method provides lane-level position accuracy for vehicle localization.
Plasmacytoma of the Urethra Treated with Transurethral Resection and Radiotherapy (1990)

Plasmacytoma, which is a localized malignant plasma cell tumor, occurs rarely and is found mostly in the upper airways of older patients. Two urethral plasmacytomas have been reported, 1 of which was a primary lesion. We describe a primary plasmacytoma of the urethra in a 23-year-old woman who had been exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the tumor and radiation therapy and has been free of disease for more than 10 years.
Evidence of hydrogen bonding in chloroform and polyacrylates from NMR measurements (2012)

The presence of hydrogen bonding in chloroform and polyacrylate mixtures was demonstrated by observation of 1H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts. Comparison of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift in polymer solutions with their low molecular mass analogues showed the effect of steric hindrance on hydrogen bonding. This initial investigation is helpful for understanding the intermolecular interaction in relatively weak hydrogen bonding polymer solutions. 
Design and Analysis of Low Power Latch Sense Amplifier (2014)

Technology scaling has enabled us to integrate both memory and logic circuits on a single chip. However, the performance of embedded memory and its peripheral circuits can adversely affect the speed and power of the overall system. Sense amplifier is one of the important peripheral circuits in the memory as it strongly influences the memory access times. It retrieves the stored data from the memory array by amplifying the small differential signal on the bit lines. Therefore, the power dissipated within the on-chip caches, both active and standby will become dominant parts of the total power consumption of the chip. In view of the above, there apparent urgency to address the power dissipation of chip. The main objective of this paper is the design of Low Power Sense Amplifier. For lowering the power dissipation three techniques are used voltage scaling, half Vdd precharge circuits and VTCMOS. The most efficient way of reducing power dissipation is by scaling down the power supply voltage.
Drug-sensitive<i>FGFR2</i>mutations in endometrial carcinoma (2008)

Oncogenic activation of tyrosine kinases is a common mechanism of carcinogenesis and, given the druggable nature of these enzymes, an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Here, we show that somatic mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) tyrosine kinase gene, FGFR2, are present in 12% of endometrial carcinomas, with additional instances found in lung squamous cell carcinoma and cervical carcinoma. These FGFR2 mutations, many of which are identical to mutations associated with congenital craniofacial developmental disorders, are constitutively activated and oncogenic when ectopically expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Inhibition of FGFR2 kinase activity in endometrial carcinoma cell lines bearing such FGFR2 mutations inhibits transformation and survival, implicating FGFR2 as a novel therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma.