gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Weil and Tate pairings for elliptic and hyperelliptic curves (2003)

We present algorithms for computing the squared Weil and Tate pairings on an elliptic curve and the squared Tate pairing for hyperelliptic curves. The squared pairings introduced in this paper have the advantage that our algorithms for evaluating them are deterministic and do not depend on a random choice of points. Our pairings save about 20-30 % over the usual pairings.
Mining concept-drifting data streams using ensemble classifiers (2003)

Recently, mining data streams with concept drifts for actionable insights has become an important and challenging task for a wide range of applications including credit card fraud protection, target marketing, network intrusion detection, etc. Conventional knowledge discovery tools are facing two challenges, the overwhelming volume of the streaming data, and the concept drifts. In this paper, we propose a general framework for mining concept-drifting data streams using weighted ensemble classifiers. We train an ensemble of classification models, such as C4.5, RIPPER, naive Beyesian, etc., from sequential chunks of the data stream. The classifiers in the ensemble are judiciously weighted based on their expected classification accuracy on the test data under the time-evolving environment. Thus, the ensemble approach improves both the efficiency in learning the model and the accuracy in performing classification. Our empirical study shows that the proposed methods have substantial advantage over single-classifier approaches in prediction accuracy, and the ensemble framework is effective for a variety of classification models.
High-Contrast Chirped-Pulse Amplification Enabled by In-Band Noise Filtering (2017)

Lasers that generate ultra-intense light pulses are under development for experiments in high-field and high-energy-density physics, as well as for applications such as particle acceleration. Extensions to even higher powers are being considered for future investigations that can only be imagined today, such as the quantum electrodynamics of plasmas and isolated attosecond-pulse generation with solid targets. For all of these areas, it is vital to produce high-contrast pulses, so that no pre-plasma is created in the target before the arrival of the main pulse. However, noise is unavoidable in high-gain amplification, and is manifested in the form of background light that accompanies pulses generated by chirped-pulse amplification (CPA). Here, we introduce a linear filtering technique based on spatio-spectral coupling, which allows in-band filtering of amplified pulses for the first time. Experiments demonstrate approximately 40 times contrast enhancement in optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) and provide a foundation for scaling to much higher performance. The simplicity, efficiency, and direct compatibility with existing techniques for short-pulse generation will make spatio-spectral filtering attractive to a wide range of applications in ultrafast optics and time-resolved spectroscopy, and may open new directions in noise reduction.
Simple Tetrahydroisoquinolines Are Potent and Selective Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists (2017)

Potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonists have been derived from the <i>N</i>-substituted <i>trans</i>-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine class of pure opioid receptor antagonists. In order to determine if the 3-hydroxyphenyl and/or the piperidine amino groups are required for obtaining the pure opioid antagonists, (3<i>R</i>)-7-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-[(1<i>S</i>)-2-methyl-1-(piperidine-1-ylmethyl)propyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroiosquinoline-3-carboxamide (<b>1</b>), which does not have a 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl) group, and (3<i>R</i>)-<i>N</i>-(1<i>R</i>)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-methylpropyl]-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide (<b>2</b>), which does not have a 4-hydroxylphenyl or a piperidine amino group, were synthesized and evaluated for their [<sup>35</sup>S]GTPγS binding properties at the μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors. Surprisingly compound <b>1</b> remained a pure opioid antagonist with a <i>K</i><sub>e</sub> = 6.80 nM at the κ opioid receptor and is 21- and 441-fold selective for the κ receptor relative to the μ and δ opioid receptors, respectively. Even more unexpected and novel is the finding that <b>2</b> has a <i>K</i><sub>e</sub> = 0.14 nM at κ and is 1730- and 4570-fold selective for κ relative to the μ and δ opioid receptors, respectively.
Phase analysis and single domain detection in hexaferrite powders for magnetic recording (1988)

SrFe/sub 12/O/sub 19/, SrInFe/sub 11/O/sub 19/, and SrCo/sub 0.9/Ti/sub 0.9/Fe/sub 10.2/O/sub 19/ hexagonal ferrites were prepared by the metallorganic precursor method to test their characteristics as particulate media for magnetic recording applications. The chemical reactivity and the magnetic characteristics were analyzed as a function of thermal treatment. Reversible transverse susceptibility curves were used to verify the single- or polydomain state of the particles. All the magnetic data are explained on the basis of the phase diagram. It is concluded that the substitution of iron in hexaferrite results in a decreased reactivity and that the more drastic thermal treatment required for optimizing the magnetic properties deteriorates the morphological characteristics of the powders. It is possible, however, to define for each compound a suitable thermal treatment allowing single-domain particles with good magnetic properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inactivation of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in shell eggs by sequential application of heat and ozone (2008)

Shell eggs are the most common vehicle for human infection by Salmonella Enteritidis. Many cases of egg-related salmonellosis are reported annually despite efforts to reduce contamination, including thermal pasteurization of shell eggs and egg products. Treatment with ozone-based combination should produce shell eggs safer than those treated with heat alone.
Multiple quantum well 10 μm GaAs/Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As infrared detector with improved responsivity (1987)

We have achieved a high responsivity, R=1.9 A/W, 10 μm infrared detector using intersubband absorption in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum well superlattices. The photocurrent is produced by intersubband absorption followed by efficient photoexcited tunneling. This responsivity is nearly four times higher than our previous results and has been obtained by using thicker and higher AlxGa1−xAs superlattice barriers thereby reducing the dark current and allowing the detector to be operated at higher biases.
Adjustable-speed drive with single-phase induction machine for HVAC applications (2002)

A novel low-cost drive with a single-phase induction machine for HVAC applications that require adjustable-speed operation is proposed. An experimental drive based on the proposed setup has been developed and built to verify its practical viability and properties. The paper presents results of investigation obtained by means of numerical simulations as well as experiments and discusses the properties and characteristics of the drive.
Synthetic multi‐epitope peptides identified <i>in silico</i> induce protective immunity against multiple influenza serotypes (2007)

Influenza causes yearly epidemics of mild disease and, occasionally, pandemics with millions of fatalities. Currently, no vaccine is effective against all influenza strains. Analysis of influenza sequences from animal and human isolates using CLUSTALW and a novel proprietary epitope prediction algorithm identified six conserved T cell-reactive regions in several proteins. Immunisation of transgenic mice with a preparation of these six regions as chemically synthesised peptides (FLU-v) induced a specific HLA-A*0201-mediated CD8(+) T cell response. This T cell population also reacted against human cells infected with three non-related influenza strains, confirming that the identified regions contain epitopes naturally presented by infected human cells and conserved amongst non-related viruses. Moreover, FLU-v immunisation significantly increased survival of transgenic mice against lethal challenge with influenza. Overall, FLU-v represents a promising influenza vaccine candidate, obviating the need for yearly vaccinations and allowing the stockpiling and initiation of a worldwide vaccination program in advance of a pandemic outbreak.
Cardiac Pacing, Defibrillation and Resynchronization: A Clinical Approach (2008)

Contributors, vii Preface, ix 1 Clinically Relevant Basics of Pacing and Defibrillation, 1 T. Jared Bunch, David L. Hayes, Paul A. Friedman 2 Hemodynamics of Device Therapy, 43 David L. Hayes, Paul A. Friedman, Samuel J. Asirvatham 3 Indications for Pacemakers, ICDs and CRT, 82 Apoor S. Gami, David L. Hayes, Paul A. Friedman 4 Generator and Lead Selection, 121 Samuel J. Asirvatham, David L. Hayes, Paul A. Friedman 5 Implantation and Extraction Techniques, 144 David L. Hayes, Paul A. Friedman, Samuel J. Asirvatham 6 Implantation-related Complications, 202 David L. Hayes, Paul A. Friedman 7 Pacemaker and Cardiac Resynchronization Timing Cycles and Electrocardiography, 234 David L. Hayes, Paul J. Wang, Samuel J. Asirvatham, Paul A. Friedman 8 Programming, 300 David L. Hayes, Charles D. Swerdlow, Paul A. Friedman 9 Rate-adaptive Pacing, 380 David L. Hayes, Samuel J. Asirvatham 10 Troubleshooting, 401 Paul A. Friedman, Charles D. Swerdlow, David L. Hayes 11 Pacemaker, ICD and CRT Radiography, 517 David L. Hayes, Paul A. Friedman 12 Electromagnetic Interference and Implantable Devices, 550 David L. Hayes, Paul A. Friedman 13 Follow-up, 572 David L. Hayes, Niloufar Tabatabaei, Michael Glikson, Paul A. Friedman Index, 617
Regenerative Sorption Refrigerator (1991)

Two-stage sorption refrigerator achieves increased efficiency via regenerative-heating concept in which waste heat from praseodymium/cerium oxide (PCO) chemisorption compressor runs charcoal/krypton (C/Kr) sorption compressor. Waste heat from each PCO sorption compressor used to power surrounding C/Kr sorption compressor. Flows of heat in two compressor modules controlled by gas-gap thermal switches. Has no wearing moving parts other than extremely long life, room-temperature check valves operating about twice per hour. Virtually no measurable vibration, and has potential operating life of at least ten years.
Guided data repair (2011)

In this paper we present GDR, a Guided Data Repair framework that incorporates user feedback in the cleaning process to enhance and accelerate existing automatic repair techniques while minimizing user involvement. GDR consults the user on the updates that are most likely to be beneficial in improving data quality. GDR also uses machine learning methods to identify and apply the correct updates directly to the database without the actual involvement of the user on these specific updates. To rank potential updates for consultation by the user, we first group these repairs and quantify the utility of each group using the decision-theory concept of value of information (VOI). We then apply active learning to order updates within a group based on their ability to improve the learned model. User feedback is used to repair the database and to adaptively refine the training set for the model. We empirically evaluate GDR on a real-world dataset and show significant improvement in data quality using our user guided repairing process. We also, assess the trade-off between the user efforts and the resulting data quality.
A New Family of Potent AB5 Cytotoxins Produced by Shiga Toxigenic <i>Escherichia coli </i> (2004)

The Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O113:H21 strain 98NK2, which was responsible for an outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome, secretes a highly potent and lethal subtilase cytotoxin that is unrelated to any bacterial toxin described to date. It is the prototype of a new family of AB(5) toxins, comprising a single 35-kilodalton (kD) A subunit and a pentamer of 13-kD B subunits. The A subunit is a subtilase-like serine protease distantly related to the BA_2875 gene product of Bacillus anthracis. The B subunit is related to a putative exported protein from Yersinia pestis, and binds to a mimic of the ganglioside GM2. Subtilase cytotoxin is encoded by two closely linked, cotranscribed genes (subA and subB), which, in strain 98NK2, are located on a large, conjugative virulence plasmid. Homologues of the genes are present in 32 out of 68 other STEC strains tested. Intraperitoneal injection of purified subtilase cytotoxin was fatal for mice and resulted in extensive microvascular thrombosis, as well as necrosis in the brain, kidneys, and liver. Oral challenge of mice with E. coli K-12-expressing cloned subA and subB resulted in dramatic weight loss. These findings suggest that the toxin may contribute to the pathogenesis of human disease.
Synchronous High-Speed Reluctance Machine With Novel Rotor Construction (2013)

A new mechanically robust construction for an ultrahigh-speed synchronous reluctance rotor is presented. The two-pole rotor design incorporates soft magnetic flux guides inside nonmagnetic matrix material. Two prototypes based on the concept were constructed and tested. This paper describes the electromagnetic and mechanical design principles of the novel rotor concept.
Peripersonal space and object recognition for humanoids (2006)

This work is concerned with a framework for visual object recognition in real world tasks. Our approach is motivated by biological findings of the representation of space around the body, the so-called peripersonal space. We show that the principles behind those findings can lead to a natural structuring of object recognition tasks in artificial systems. We demonstrate this by the supervised learning and recognition of 20 complex-shaped objects from unsegmented visual input
Impedance-Matched Differential Superconducting Nanowire Detectors (2023)

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are the highest-performance photon-counting technology in the near infrared, but traditional designs typically trade off between timing resolution and detection efficiency. The authors utilize transmission-line engineering and differential readout to achieve a design with high detection efficiency and low jitter simultaneously. This design also enables imaging capabilities and photon-number resolution, and is compatible with commercial time taggers. The device is a versatile solution for photon counting in various applications, including quantum computing, quantum communication, biomedicine, and ranging.
High‐yield lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass using engineered xylose‐utilizing <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> (2020)

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass shows high potential as a renewable feedstock for use in biodiesel production via microbial fermentation. Yarrowia lipolytica , an emerging oleaginous yeast, has been engineered to efficiently convert xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass, into lipids for lignocellulosic biodiesel production. Yet, the lipid yield from xylose or lignocellulosic biomass remains far lower than that from glucose. Here we developed an efficient xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica strain, expressing an isomerase‐based pathway, to achieve high‐yield lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass. The newly developed xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica , YSXID, produced 12.01 g/L lipids with a maximum yield of 0.16 g/g, the highest ever reported, from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Consequently, this study shows the potential of isomerase‐based xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica for economical and sustainable production of biodiesel and oleochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.
Isolation of a human thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) complementary DNA with a single nucleotide transition A719G (TPMT*3C) and its association with loss of TPMT protein and catalytic activity in humans* (1998)

Objective Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the S-methylation of mercaptopurine, azathioprine, thioguanine and most of their nucleotide metabolites. TPMT exhibits genetic polymorphism, with about 10% of individuals having intermediate TPMT activity because of heterozygosity at the TPMT locus and about 1 in 300 inheriting TPMT deficiency as an autosomal recessive trait. Although several mutant alleles have now been associated with inheritance of TPMT deficiency in humans, the expression of only TPMT*2 and TPMT*3A has been established by isolation and characterization of complementary DNA (cDNA) from individuals with low TPMT activity. Methods Radiochemical assay, Western blot analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping, and cDNA sequencing were used to analyze TPMT activity and protein levels in erythrocytes and to determine TPMT genotype. Results We established expression of another common mutant allele, TPMT*3C (containing only the A719G mutation), by sequence analysis of cDNA isolated from an individual with a heterozygous TPMT phenotype (7 units/ml packed erythrocytes). The TPMT*3C allele was also confirmed in an unrelated individual by sequencing TPMT coding exons after PCR amplification of genomic DNA. Moreover, Western blot analysis of erythrocytes obtained from five heterozygous individuals with the TPMT*3C allele (i.e., TPMT*1/TPMT*3C) exhibited about 50% less immunodetectable TPMT protein compared with homozygous wild-type individuals, and a TPMT-deficient individual with a TPMT*3A/TPMT*3C genotype had no immunodetectable TPMT protein. Conclusion These data establish that the TPMT*3C allele is expressed in humans and is associated with lower immunodetectable TPMT protein and catalytic activity. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1998) 64, 46–51; doi:
Reduced human platelet uptake by pig livers deficient in the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 protein (2015)

The use of TALENs in liver-derived cells followed by SCNT enabled the production of healthy homozygous ASGR1 knock out pigs. Livers from ASGR1-/- pigs exhibit decreased human platelet uptake. Deletion of the ASGR1 gene is a viable strategy to diminish platelet destruction in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
The HyVac4 Subunit Vaccine Efficiently Boosts BCG-Primed Anti-Mycobacterial Protective Immunity (2012)

H4-IC31® can efficiently boost BCG-primed immunity leading to an increased protective anti-M.tb immune response dominated by IFNγ/TNFα/IL-2 or TNFα/IL2 producing CD4 T cells. H4 in the CD4 T cell inducing adjuvant IC31® is presently in clinical trials.
Auto-reactive B cells against peripheral antigen, desmoglein 3, escape from tolerance mechanism (2004)

To examine the mechanism of B cell tolerance against natural peripheral self-antigen, we generated transgenic mice expressing IgM specific for desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) from AK7 monoclonal antibody which itself does not induce blisters. Dsg3 is mainly expressed on stratified squamous epithelium and is the target antigen of an autoimmune bullous disease, pemphigus vulgaris. Transgenic B cells reactive to Dsg3 were observed in the spleen and lymph node. Although these B cells are autoreactive, they did not develop into B1 B cells. These B cells were functionally competent and anti-Dsg3 IgM was detected in the serum and on the keratinocyte cell surface. These results indicate that auto-reactive B cells against peripheral antigen (Dsg3) are able to develop in the presence of Dsg3 but are ignored by the immune system.
Time Frequency Wavenumber Analysis of Surface Waves and Signal Enhancement Using S-Transform (2015)

Highly dispersive surface waves resulting from the combination of strong lateral seafloor heterogeneities, shallow water depths and hard sea bottom severely degrade seismic reflection data quality. Considering that seismic signals are nonstationary and surface waves have various spectra over time, we proposed S-transform-based time frequency wavenumber analysis technique which allows the dynamic analysis of spectrum over time. The data is first transformed from the time-space domain to the time-wavenumber domain through one-dimensional Fourier transform over the spatial variable, then the variable-factor S-transform is applied over time. Nonstationary filtering is then designed to identify and separate surface waves in complex wavefields, based on its low frequency and low velocity properties, in the time-frequency-wavenumber (TFK) domain. Application to field data illustrates that with this technique, not only is the surface wave effectively suppressed, but also the reflective signals are enhanced, which confirm the validity of the method.
Techniques for the growth of superconducting oxide thin films using pure ozone vapor (1989)

A simple, inexpensive apparatus for the production of pure ozone vapor for use in the in situ growth of superconducting oxide thin films is described. Pure condensed ozone is distilled at 77 K from a dilute mixture of ozone in oxygen gas. The condensed ozone is subsequently heated, raising its vapor pressure to provide an adequate flow of ozone gas into the thin film growth chamber. Thin films of YBa2 Cu3 O7−x with zero resistance at temperatures as high as 85 K have been grown with a deposition chamber pressure of only 2×10−7 Torr and without a post-deposition anneal processing step. Unlike most other commonly used forms of highly reactive oxygen, ozone can be made and stored in very pure form. This makes it very useful when a well-characterized oxidizing gas is needed for systematic studies of the growth kinetics and oxidation of the films. Safety aspects of the ozone-production process are discussed.
Managing static leakage energy in microprocessor functional units (2003)

Static energy due to subthreshold leakage current is projected to become a major component of the total energy in high performance microprocessors. Many studies so far have examined and proposed techniques to reduce leakage in on-chip storage structures. In this study, static energy is reduced in the integer functional units by leveraging the unique qualities of dual threshold voltage domino logic. Domino logic has desirable properties that greatly reduce leakage current while providing fast propagation times. However due to the energy cost of entering the low leakage current state (sleep mode), domino logic has thus far been used only for leakage reduction in the longterm standby mode. We examine the utility of the sleep mode (while considering the aforementioned costs) when idle times are relatively short, one to a few hundred cycles, as is often the case for functional units. Using an analytical energy model suitable for architecture-level analysis, we explore the interaction of the application and technology, and the effect on energy and performance as the underlying parameters are varied, on a set of benchmarks. Our results show that if the leakage approaches the magnitude as projected in the literature, even for short idle intervals as few as ten cycles, an aggressive policy of activating the sleep mode at every idle period performs well and a more complex control strategy may not be warranted. We also propose a simple design, called Gradual Sleep, to reduce the energy impact of using the sleep mode for smaller idle periods.