gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition-element doping effects in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MnO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1999)

The influence of transition element (TE) doping on the magnetotransport properties of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ is studied for the entire transition element series ($\mathrm{T}\mathrm{E}=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{r},$ Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) for a fixed (5% at Mn sites) dopant concentration. The systematics of different properties such as the metal-insulator transition temperature ${T}_{p},$ the Curie temperature ${T}_{c},$ $\ensuremath{\rho}{(T}_{p}),\ensuremath{\rho}(5\mathrm{K}),$ and the maximum value of magnetoresistance (MR), with respect to lattice parameter and the ionic radii of dopants, are examined. The important findings include an interesting correlation between the maximum MR, the lattice parameter, and the ionic radii, and some distinct features exhibited by Fe, Cu, and Zn dopants.
The Müllerian Duct: Recent Insights into Its Development and Regression (2007)

Several recent publications have contributed to our understanding of the processes involved in development of the Müllerian ducts in both sexes and regression of these structures in male embryos. Additionally, new insights in the regulation of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling pathway, the pathway, which mediates the male specific degeneration of Müllerian ducts, have been gained. It has become clear that the Müllerian duct is formed by invagination of the coelomic epithelium and elongates primarily by proliferation. Later on cells of the coelomic epithelium perform epithelial to mesenchymal transition and move around the epithelium of the Müllerian duct to induce degeneration of this structure in male embryos. Besides AMH and its specific type II receptor AMHR2 two different type I receptors as well as different SMAD family members have been shown to be involved in the AMH signaling cascade. Other factors including WT1, WNT7a, beta-catenin and MMP2 act upstream and downstream of AMH signaling. Here we try to draw an overall picture of Müllerian duct formation and regression by integrating the recent literature in the field.
A new full-protected control mode to drive piezoelectric transformers in DC-DC converters (2002)

Due to their high power density and their low EMI generation, piezoelectric transformers (PTs) are an attractive solution to replace magnetic transformers in AC/DC power converters. However, this substitution implies changes in the power topology and the control strategy because of the very frequency-dependent behavior of PTs, and their capacitive features. In previous works, some power topologies have been presented to deal with this new component, and frequency modulation has been assumed as the natural way to control the output voltage, sometimes in combination with pulse width modulation (PWM), to achieve both line and load regulation. In the frame of a particular application, this paper presents a new control method for PT-based converters. This control method is very simple to design, requires very few components and regulates the output voltage maintaining constant the frequency and the pulse width, trying to obtain the best characteristics from the piezoelectric device.
Granulocyte migration through endothelium in culture (1979)

Using a model system with which we have previously investigated the adhesion of granulocytes to cultured endothelium, we have now shown that adherent granulocytes migrate through cultured endothelium in a manner closely resembling that found during the acute inflammatory response in vivo. The migration of granulocytes was markedly enhanced in the presence of erythrocytes, whereas blood platelets did not affect migration. Several test agents, including Paroven and some prostaglandins, had different effects upon migration and adhesion. We conclude that the adhesion of granulocytes to endothelium and their migration through it are responses that are, at least in part, separately controlled, and that migration does not depend exclusively upon extravascular stimuli.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer (2023)

In the United States, prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor malignancy in men and second to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in this group. Even though prostate cancer is responsible for 40,000 deaths per year, screening programs are a matter of controversy because scientific evidence is lacking that early detection decreases morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, treatment decisions are difficult to make because of the generally indolent nature of prostate cancer and because it tends to occur in older men who often have multiple, competing medical illnesses. Depending on the specific situation, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy or watchful waiting (observation) will be the most appropriate management option. In general, localized cancer is best treated with surgical removal of the prostate gland or radiotherapy. Hormone deprivation therapy is the primary method of controlling metastatic prostate cancer. At present, chemotherapy cannot cure disseminated prostate cancer. Watchful waiting is a reasonable management alternative for prostate cancer in an older patient or a patient with other serious illnesses.
Synthesis and Kinetic Studies on the Photochemical Behavior of Polymeric Mesoions from Novel Methacrylic Monomers and of Mesoionic Copolymers with Liquid Crystalline Properties (2003)

A new method for synthesis of mesoionic methacrylates with various spacer lengths was developed. Copolymers with methyl methacrylate and cholesteric monomers were prepared; the latter showed liquid crystalline properties. The rate constant of the photocyclization to the bis(β-lactame) structure of various spin-coated polymeric films was determined by irradiation with a HeCd laser (442 nm), whereby two different parameters controlling the rate constant could be found. It was shown that the length of the alkyl side chain on position 5 of the pyrimidinium-olate and the embedding of the mesoionic chromophore, which can be controlled by copolymerization with methyl methacrylate or liquid crystalline methacrylates, causes significant changes in the rate constant. In addition, heating of a polymer film caused a strong acceleration of the photoreaction above the glass transition temperature.
Intermolecular C–H Activations of Hydrocarbons Initiated by a Tungsten Trimethylsilylallyl Complex (2012)

Thermolysis of Cp*W(NO)(Npt)(η3-CH2CHCHSiMe3) [Cp* = η5-C5Me5; Npt = CH2CMe3] at 55 °C leads to the loss of neopentane and the formation of the 16-electron η2-allene intermediate Cp*W(NO)(η2-CH2═C═CHSiMe3), which activates hydrocarbons at their methyl groups. In the case of linear alkanes, only terminal C–H activation occurs. This selectivity persists in the presence of an ether functionality, but not with other oxygen-containing substrates such as aldehydes and alcohols. With these latter substrates, the organometallic complex is oxidized to Cp*W(O)2(Npt). The existence of the allene intermediate has been confirmed by its reaction with PMe3 to form the 18-electron adduct and by its diagnostic reaction with cyclohexene. Carbonylation of Cp*W(NO)(Npt)(η3-CH2CHCHSiMe3) with CO (550 psig) at room temperature results in the clean formation of the corresponding Cp*W(NO)(η1-C(═O)Npt)(η3-CH2CHCHSiMe3) complex, which exists as a mixture of two interconverting isomers differing in their modes of attachment of the (η3-CH2CHCHSiMe3) ligands to the tungsten centers. The congeneric molybdenum complex, Cp*Mo(NO)(Npt)(η3-CH2CHCHSiMe3), has also been synthesized, and although it generates the requisite η2-allene intermediate upon thermolysis, its preferred mode of reactivity is coupling of the allyl and alkyl ligands. Consequently, the molybdenum complex is inferior to the tungsten system for effecting C–H activations. All new complexes have been characterized by conventional spectroscopic and analytical methods, and the solid-state molecular structures of most of them have been established by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses.
Capacity increase in cellular radio networks using existing base station sites (1996)

A network feature in the form of an intra-cell handover (HO) algorithm is introduced to increase the capacity in digital cellular radio networks using existing 'Macro'-Base Station (BTS) sites. Capacity gain is obtained since the HO, which is triggered by the carrier to interference (C/I) level, dynamically allocates traffic thus enables a more efficient utilisation of radio channels than currently possible in ordinary networks. The theoretical principles on which the feature is based are presented. In addition simulations utilising data from a GSM network and results obtained from a trial in an actual radio network are also shown.
Direct Construction of Quaternary Carbons from Tertiary Alcohols via Photoredox-Catalyzed Fragmentation of<i>tert</i>-Alkyl<i>N</i>-Phthalimidoyl Oxalates (2013)

A convenient method for the direct construction of quaternary carbons from tertiary alcohols by visible-light photoredox coupling of tert-alkyl N-phthalimidoyl oxalate intermediates with electron-deficient alkenes is reported.
Fixed-PSNR Lossy Compression for Scientific Data (2018)

Error-controlled lossy compression has been studied for years because of extremely large volumes of data being produced by today's scientific simulations. None of existing lossy compressors, however, allow users to fix the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) during compression, although PSNR has been considered as one of the most significant indicators to assess compression quality. In this paper, we propose a novel technique providing a fixed-PSNR lossy compression for scientific data sets. We implement our proposed method based on the SZ lossy compression framework and release the code as an open-source toolkit. We evaluate our fixed-PSNR compressor on three real-world high-performance computing data sets. Experiments show that our solution has a high accuracy in controlling PSNR, with an average deviation of 0.1 ~ 5.0 dB on the tested data sets.
Private search on key-value stores with hierarchical indexes (2014)

Query processing that preserves both the query privacy at the client and the data privacy at the server is a new research problem. It has many practical applications, especially when the queries are about the sensitive attributes of records. However, most existing studies, including those originating from data outsourcing, address the data privacy and query privacy separately. Although secure multiparty computation (SMC) is a suitable computing paradigm for this problem, it has significant computation and communication overheads, thus unable to scale up to large datasets. Fortunately, recent advances in cryptography bring us two relevant tools - conditional oblivious transfer and homomorphic encryption. In this paper, we integrate database indexing techniques with these tools in the context of private search on key-value stores. We first present an oblivious index traversal framework, in which the server cannot trace the index traversal path of a query during evaluation. The framework is generic and can support a wide range of query types with a suitable homomorphic encryption algorithm in place. Based on this framework, we devise secure protocols for classic key search queries on B+-tree and R-tree indexes. Our approach is verified by both security analysis and performance study.
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal process implemented in membrane bioreactors to improve phosphorous recovery and recycling (2003)

The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was adapted to membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. One bench-scale plant (BSP, 200-250 L) and two pilot plants (PPs, 1,000-3,000 L each) were operated under several configurations, including pre-denitrification and post-denitrification without addition of carbon source, and two solid retention times (SRT) of 15 and 26 d. The trials showed that efficient Bio-P removal can be achieved with MBR systems, in both pre- and post-denitrification configurations. EBPR dynamics could be clearly demonstrated through batch-tests, on-line measurements, profile analyses, P-spiking trials, and mass balances. High P-removal performances were achieved even with high SRT of 26 d, as around 9 mgP/L could be reliably removed. After stabilisation, the sludge exhibited phosphorus contents of around 2.4%TS. When spiked with phosphorus (no P-limitation), P-content could increase up to 6%TS. The sludge is therefore well suited to agricultural reuse with important fertilising values. Theoretical calculations showed that increased sludge age should result in a greater P-content. This could not be clearly demonstrated by the trials. This effect should be all the more significant as the influent is low in suspended solids.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Metallobacteriochlorins (2012)

Access to metallobacteriochlorins is essential for investigation of a wide variety of fundamental photochemical processes, yet relatively few synthetic metallobacteriochlorins have been prepared. Members of a set of synthetic bacteriochlorins bearing 0-4 carbonyl groups (1, 2, or 4 carboethoxy substituents, or an annulated imide moiety) were examined under two conditions: (i) standard conditions for zincation of porphyrins [Zn(OAc)(2)·2H(2)O in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 60-80 °C], and (ii) treatment in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a strong base [e.g., NaH or lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)] followed by a metal reagent MX(n). Zincation of bacteriochlorins that bear 2-4 carbonyl groups proceeded under the former method whereas those with 0-2 carbonyl groups proceeded with NaH or LDA/THF followed by Zn(OTf)(2). The scope of metalation (via NaH or LDA in THF) is as follows: (a) for bacteriochlorins that bear two electron-releasing aryl groups, M = Cu, Zn, Pd, and InCl (but not Mg, Al, Ni, Sn, or Au); (b) for bacteriochlorins that bear two carboethoxy groups, M = Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, InCl, and Sn (but not Mg, Al, or Au); and (c) a bacteriochlorin with four carboethoxy groups was metalated with Mg (other metals were not examined). Altogether, 15 metallobacteriochlorins were isolated and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 8,8,18,18-tetramethylbacteriochlorin reveals the core geometry provided by the four nitrogen atoms is rectangular; the difference in length of the two sides is ∼0.08 Å. Electronic characteristics of (metal-free) bacteriochlorins were probed through electrochemical measurements along with density functional theory calculation of the energies of the frontier molecular orbitals. The photophysical properties (fluorescence yields, triplet yields, singlet and triplet excited-state lifetimes) of the zinc bacteriochlorins are generally similar to those of the metal-free analogues, and to those of the native chromophores bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriopheophytin a. The availability of diverse metallobacteriochlorins should prove useful in a variety of fundamental photochemical studies and applications.
Effects of short-term fasting in male Sprague-Dawley rats. (2011)

Fasting is a common procedure for animals in experiments. Although fasting may be necessary for scientific reasons, it should be minimized. In the current study, jugular-catheterized male Sprague-Dawley rats in metabolism cages were fasted for 0 to 24 h before measurement of various physiologic markers (serum chemistry, CBC analysis, serum corticosterone). When controlled for cohort, rats fasted for 6 and 16 h had significantly lower serum glucose than did nonfasted rats. Other values did not differ from controls. Only rats fasted for 24 h had elevated serum corticosterone levels. Therefore, fasting for as long as 16 h has fewer effects on rats that does fasting for 24 h. Fasting for 24 h or more therefore should receive appropriate consideration by both scientists and the IACUC in the experimental design and the animal-use protocol.
A Hydrophobic Dye‐Encapsulated Nano‐Hybrid as an Efficient Fluorescent Probe for Living Cell Imaging (2012)

Water-soluble hydrophobic-dye@nano-hybrids (DPN@NHs) with extraordinarily enhanced fluorescent performance were fabricated by encapsulating the hydrophobic dye molecules into the core of the hybrid nanospheres based on the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers followed by shell cross-linking using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxy-silane. The DPN@NHs are 50 nm in size, are monodispersed in aqueous solution and have a quantum yield enhanced by 30 times.
Dynamic database replica provisioning through virtualization (2010)

Data replication is a popular technique for providing good performance, high availability and fault tolerance in distributed database systems. We investigate data replication in a virtualized environment, focusing on provisioning when the master database server is heavily loaded or when it fails. We show that using virtualization, provisioning of the backup replica can be done quickly, thereby reducing service interruption time. We also show that this provisioning can efficiently support load balancing and failover in a virtualized environment.
<title>Mueller matrix measurements of black and white materials in the infrared</title> (2000)

We have investigated the degree of polarization (DOP) of infrared radiation reflected from rough white and black materials. Mueller matrices for these materials have been measured with an out-of-plane scatterometer with full polarization optics. We have compared the Mueller matrix data to the microfacet model. These results may have applications for stray light coatings for imaging polarimetric instruments.
An FPGA-based accelerator implementation for deep convolutional neural networks (2015)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) is highly efficient in image recognition tasks such as MNIST digit recognition. Accelerators based on FPGA platform are proposed since general purpose processor is disappointing in terms of performance when dealing with recognition tasks. Recently, an optimized FPGA-based accelerator design (work 1) has been proposed claiming best performance compared with existing implementations. But as the author acknowledged, performance could be better if fixed point presentation and computation elements had been used. Inspired by its methodology in implementing the Alexnet convolutional neural network, we implement a 5-layer accelerator for MNIST digit recognition task using the same Vivado HLS tool but using 11-bits fixed point precision on a Virtex7 FPGA. We compare performance on FPGA platform with the performance of the target CNN on MATLAB/CPU platform; we reach a speedup of 16.42. Our implementation runs at 150MHz and reaches a peak performance of 16.58 GMACS. Since our target CNN is simpler, we use much less resource than work 1 has used.
Nonreciprocal Phase-Shift Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Lines and Their Application to Leaky Wave Antennas (2009)

A new type of nonreciprocal phase-shift transmission line is proposed; it realizes the dominant right-handed mode in one direction of the power flow along the line, and the dominant left-handed mode in the opposite power direction. These right and left handed modes can have the same wave number vector at a specific frequency but there is no significant coupling effect. An equivalent circuit model is provided to explain its nonreciprocal transmission characteristics. A nonreciprocal phase-shift composite right/left handed transmission line is designed to satisfy specific performance parameters and fabricated as a ferrite microstrip line. The leaky wave radiation characteristics of the fabricated nonreciprocal line are investigated. An experiment and analyses confirm obliquely unidirectional leaky wave radiation from the line for the two different directions of the transmitted power.
Synthetic Entries to and Biological Activity of Pyrrolopyrimidines (2015)

This review summarizes recent literature (2000-2015) on the synthesis and pharmaceutical properties of pyrrolopyrimidines. These modified pyrimidine bases, fused to a pyrrole ring, and their corresponding nucleosides display a broad applicability in medicinal chemistry. This overview is divided into three main sections, according to the respective isomers: pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines, and pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Each section contains a description of common retro-synthetic strategies, with particular attention for newly reported synthetic entries to the scaffold. Next, the synthetic strategies and the ways in which the scaffolds can be further modified are exemplified according to the biological properties of the obtained products.
Automatic Time Gain Compensation in Ultrasound Imaging System (2009)

Many automatic time gain compensations are proposed, but most of them depart from the assumption that ultrasound signals are homogenous attenuated across examined tissues, which is often violated. In real ultrasound system, the large attenuation variation between different types of tissues confused the attenuation compensation. In this paper, considering the frequency shift effect, we propose the quadratic least square fitting to estimate the attenuation profile. Further, as for the large attenuation variations in image, especially around the anechoic regions, we proposed a new algorithm by adding two power functions to control the gain range and reduce the affluence of overwhelming gain value caused by noise and edges around anechoic regions. Test results of phantoms and ultrasound images show the new algorithm could effectively adapt to the large attenuation variation and provide a desired uniform image.