gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Chemistry Control of Colloidal Quantum Dot Band Gap (2018)

Surface chemistry modification of as-synthesized colloidal inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals (QDs), commonly referred to as ligand exchange, is mandatory toward effective QD-based optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications. The widespread recourse to ligand exchange procedures on metal chalcogenide QDs often narrows the optical band gap, although little consensus exists on explanation of this experimental evidence. This work attempts at providing a comprehensive description of such a phenomenon by exploiting rationally designed thiol ligands at the surface of colloidal PbS QDs, as archetype of material in the strong quantum confinement regime: the thiol(ate)-induced QD optical band gap reduction almost linearly scales with the inorganic core surface-to-volume ratio and mainly depends on the sulfur binding atom, which is here suggested to contribute occupied 3p orbitals to the valence band edge of the QDs. As opposed to QD models based on the analogy with core/shell heterostructures, the indecomposable character of ligand/core adducts (the colloidal QDs themselves) arises.
Exploration of the Pattern of Journalism and Communication Practice Teaching and Cultivation of Creative Talents (2012)

Creativity cultivation and synthetic ability enhancement of students have become the core elements of university teaching actual operating at present,especially in Journalism and Communication where better practical skills and actual operating abilities are demanded.Practice teaching is essential in comprehensive personnel cultivation.This paper combined with teaching practice,conducts researches on the idea,system,content,pattern,method of teaching,and management pattern emphasizing on the importance,necessity and rationality of practice teaching for Journalism and Communication students.It has significant practical reference value and practical significance in cultivation of the creativity spirit and comprehensive ability of students.
Variable slew‐rate spiral design: Theory and application to peak <i>B</i><sub>1</sub> amplitude reduction in 2D RF pulse design (2007)

A new class of spiral trajectories called variable slew-rate spirals is proposed. The governing differential equations for a variable slew-rate spiral are derived, and both numeric and analytic solutions to the equations are given. The primary application of variable slew-rate spirals is peak B(1) amplitude reduction in 2D RF pulse design. The reduction of peak B(1) amplitude is achieved by changing the gradient slew-rate profile, and gradient amplitude and slew-rate constraints are inherently satisfied by the design of variable slew-rate spiral gradient waveforms. A design example of 2D RF pulses is given, which shows that under the same hardware constraints the RF pulse using a properly chosen variable slew-rate spiral trajectory can be much shorter than that using a conventional constant slew-rate spiral trajectory, thus having greater immunity to resonance frequency offsets.
Simulated annealing algorithm with multi-molecule: an approach to analog synthesis (1996)

The research presented in this paper is concerned with the design automation of analog integrated circuits, simply called analog synthesis. A new algorithm, namely a simulated annealing algorithm with multi-molecule (SAMM), is proposed to solve analog synthesis problems. Besides inheriting the global convergence of the traditional simulated annealing algorithm (SA), SAMM can avoid the excessively time-consuming final iterations of SA, which makes it more efficient and suitable for analog synthesis. Several analog synthesis examples are also given in this paper to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of SAMM.
Plate modes in piezoelectric multilayered structures (1985)

Recent experiments have shown that interdigital transducers can couple strongly to plate modes in piezoelectric composite membranes. In this paper the dispersive properties and the piezoelectric coupling (Δν/ν) to these plate modes are presented The various types of modes are identified and related to crystalline symmetry. Results are given for stiffened-shear modes in zinc oxide and selenium membranes and for stiffened-Lamb modes in ZnO and Se membranes as well as in ZnO-on-Si and ZnO-on-GaAs, composite plates. Piezoelectric coupling (Δν/ν) values ranging from one to eight percent are found to be typical for such plate modes. Details of coupling factors, dispersion characteristics, and passband properties which illustrate the properties of these modes are given.
Electrophoresis of sheared polyelectrolytes (2018)

A shear flow breaks the spherical symmetry of a flexible polymer, which has some interesting consequences for the electrophoresis of polyelectrolytes. In addition to introducing a chain-length dependence of the electrophoretic velocity, there is also the possibility of migration of the molecule perpendicular to the direction of coaxial gradients in pressure and electric potential. This has been shown to produce a rapid and highly localised concentration of DNA within a microfluidic capillary, with a number of potential applications to on-chip preparation and analysis of genomic DNA. In this paper, dedicated to Prof. Daan Frenkel, I will describe a calculation of the electrophoretic motion of a long polyelectrolyte under a coaxial flow and electric field.
Virulence properties of Streptococcus Mutans (2004)

Streptococcus mutans is considered one of the primary causative agents of dental caries and can also be a source of infective endocarditis. The main virulence factors associated with cariogenicity include adhesion, acidogenicity, and acid tolerance. Each of these properties works coordinately to alter dental plaque ecology. The ecological changes are characterized by increased proportions of S. mutans and other species that are similarly acidogenic and aciduric. The selection for a cariogenic flora increases the magnitude of the drop in pH following the fermentation of available carbohydrate and increases the probability of enamel demineralization. This review focuses on the bacterial components that contribute to each of the major virulence properties. Further understanding of how these components work together in the development of dental caries will be aided by the recent completion of the sequence of the S. mutans genome and experimental designs that model the dental plaque biofilm.
Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. I. Open-circuit field (1993)

An analytical technique for predicting the instantaneous magnetic field distribution in the airgap region of radial-field topologies of brushless permanent-magnet DC motors, under any specified load condition and accounting implicitly for the stator winding current waveform and the effect of stator-slot-openings, has been developed. It is based on the superposition of the component fields due to the permanent magnet and the stator excitation. A 2D analytical method for predicting the open-circuit airgap field distribution in both internal and external rotor radial-field motor topologies is presented. It involves the solution of the governing field equations in polar coordinates in the annular airgap/magnet region of a multipole slotless motor in which the magnets are assumed to have uniform radial magnetization and a constant relative recoil permeability. Results for various radial-field motors are compared with predictions from corresponding finite element analyses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topical Combination of NGF and DHA Increases Rabbit Corneal Nerve Regeneration after Photorefractive Keratectomy (2005)

NGF plus DHA treatment after PRK in rabbits is associated with increased corneal nerve surface area, increased epithelial proliferation, and decreased rose bengal staining compared with NGF, DHA, or vehicle control alone. The combination of NGF plus DHA yields faster nerve recovery after PRK and may have therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of post-PRK dry eye and other neurotrophic keratopathies.
Synthesis and processing of bone sialoproteins during de novo bone formation in vitro (2001)

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) are sulphated and phosphorylated sialoglycoproteins that regulate the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals during de novo bone formation. To gain insights into the relationship between the synthesis and posttranslational modification of BSP and OPN and the mineralization of bone, pulse-chase studies were conducted on cultures of newly forming bone nodules produced by fetal rat calvarial cells in vitro. Cultures were pulse labelled with 35SO4, or with either 32PO4 or [gamma-32P]ATP to study intracellular and extracellular phosphorylation, respectively, and chased in isotope-free medium for various times up to 24 h. The presence of radiolabelled BSP and OPN was determined in the cells, in culture medium, and in various tissue compartments obtained by dissociative extraction with 4 M GuHCl (G1), 0.5 M EDTA (E), and again with 4 M GuHCl (G2) and a bacterial collagenase digestion of the demineralized collagenous tissue residue. With each isotope employed, radiolabelled BSP and OPN were detected in the E extract within the 1-h chase period and increased in amount with time. Similarly, 35SO4- and 32PO4-labelled BSP increased in the G2 extract, but OPN was not detected. In the G1 extract the 35SO4-labelled BSP decreased with chase time, whereas the 32PO4-labelled BSP increased. No differences were evident in the profiles of BSP labelled with 32PO4 or [gamma-32P]ATP. In the absence of beta-glycerophosphate, which is required for optimal mineralization of the bone nodules, 35SO4-labelled BSP was increased in the medium and G1 extract and decreased in the E extract and G2 extract after 3 h. In addition to differences in the tissue compartmentalization of BSP and OPN, these studies indicate that 35SO4 is lost from BSP during mineralization and that isoforms of BSP exist with a selective affinity for the organic and mineral phases. Moreover, the additional phosphorylation of BSP and OPN catalyzed by ectokinase activity does not appear to alter the distribution of these sialoproteins.
Occluded object imaging via optimal camera selection (2013)

High performance occluded object imaging in cluttered scenes is a significant challenging task for many computer vision applications. Recently the camera array synthetic aperture imaging is proved to be an effective way to seeing object through occlusion. However, the imaging quality of occluded object is often significantly decreased by the shadows of the foreground occluder. Although some works have been presented to label the foreground occluder via object segmentation or 3D reconstruction, these methods will fail in the case of complicated occluder and severe occlusion. In this paper, we present a novel optimal camera selection algorithm to solve the above problem. The main characteristics of this algorithm include: (1) Instead of synthetic aperture imaging, we formulate the occluded object imaging problem as an optimal camera selection and mosaicking problem. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first one for occluded object mosaicing. (2) A greedy optimization framework is presented to propagate the visibility information among various depth focus planes. (3) A multiple label energy minimization formulation is designed in each plane to select the optimal camera. The energy is estimated in the synthetic aperture image volume and integrates the multi-view intensity consistency, previous visibility property and camera view smoothness, which is minimized via Graph cuts. We compare our method with the state-of-the-art synthetic aperture imaging algorithms, and extensive experimental results with qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach.
A depthwise separable convolutional neural network for keyword spotting on an embedded system (2020)

Abstract A keyword spotting algorithm implemented on an embedded system using a depthwise separable convolutional neural network classifier is reported. The proposed system was derived from a high-complexity system with the goal to reduce complexity and to increase efficiency. In order to meet the requirements set by hardware resource constraints, a limited hyper-parameter grid search was performed, which showed that network complexity could be drastically reduced with little effect on classification accuracy. It was furthermore found that quantization of pre-trained networks using mixed and dynamic fixed point principles could reduce the memory footprint and computational requirements without lowering classification accuracy. Data augmentation techniques were used to increase network robustness in unseen acoustic conditions by mixing training data with realistic noise recordings. Finally, the system’s ability to detect keywords in a continuous audio stream was successfully demonstrated.
New trends in natural language processing: statistical natural language processing. (1995)

The field of natural language processing (NLP) has seen a dramatic shift in both research direction and methodology in the past several years. In the past, most work in computational linguistics tended to focus on purely symbolic methods. Recently, more and more work is shifting toward hybrid methods that combine new empirical corpus-based methods, including the use of probabilistic and information-theoretic techniques, with traditional symbolic methods. This work is made possible by the recent availability of linguistic databases that add rich linguistic annotation to corpora of natural language text. Already, these methods have led to a dramatic improvement in the performance of a variety of NLP systems with similar improvement likely in the coming years. This paper focuses on these trends, surveying in particular three areas of recent progress: part-of-speech tagging, stochastic parsing, and lexical semantics.
Interleukin-36 Cytokine/Receptor Signaling: A New Target for Tissue Fibrosis (2020)

Tissue fibrosis is a major unresolved medical problem, which impairs the function of various systems. The molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood, which hinders the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence from recent studies indicates that interleukin 36 (IL-36) and the corresponding receptor (IL-36R), a newly-characterized cytokine/receptor signaling complex involved in immune-inflammation, play an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in multiple tissues. This review focuses on recent experimental findings, which implicate IL-36R and its associated cytokines in different forms of organ fibrosis. Specifically, it outlines the molecular basis and biological function of IL-36R in normal cells and sums up the pathological role in the development of fibrosis in the lung, kidney, heart, intestine, and pancreas. We also summarize the new progress in the IL-36/IL-36R-related mechanisms involved in tissue fibrosis and enclose the potential of IL-36R inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to combat pro-fibrotic pathologies. Given its high association with disease, gaining new insight into the immuno-mechanisms that contribute to tissue fibrosis could have a significant impact on human health.
Glycogen metabolism has a key role in the cancer microenvironment and provides new targets for cancer therapy (2016)

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells and contributes to their adaption within the tumour microenvironment and resistance to anticancer therapies. Recently, glycogen metabolism has become a recognised feature of cancer cells since it is upregulated in many tumour types, suggesting that it is an important aspect of cancer cell pathophysiology. Here, we provide an overview of glycogen metabolism and its regulation, with a focus on its role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells under stress conditions such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation and anticancer treatment. The various methods to detect glycogen in tumours in vivo as well as pharmacological modulators of glycogen metabolism are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic value of targeting glycogen metabolism as a strategy for combinational approaches in cancer treatment.
Une stéle de la dame Tagemirmount (1999)

A soluble alloantigen enhances solid tumor growth, as does an insoluble factor present in stored syngeneic whole blood. The immunomodulation associated with this factor begins to enhance tumor growth within 7 days after transfusion.
Mechanism of Pyridine-Catalyzed SiO<sub>2</sub> Atomic Layer Deposition Studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (2006)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) investigations were performed to study the mechanism of catalytic SiO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) using pyridine as the catalyst. Pyridine adsorption on hydroxylated SiO2 surface was examined by monitoring both the changes to the O−H stretching vibrations and the appearance of pyridine molecular vibrations. The strong hydrogen bonding of pyridine to the isolated hydroxyl groups with a desorption energy of 9 ± 2 kcal/mol is believed to make oxygen a stronger nucleophile for nucleophillic attack on the SiCl4 reactant. The SiCl4 reaction with the hydroxylated SiO2 surface was then investigated by monitoring the disappearance of O−H stretching vibrations and appearance of Si−Cl stretching vibrations. These FTIR results revealed that the SiCl4 reaction completely removed the isolated hydroxyl species and left a small fraction of hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl species. The H2O reaction was studied by observing the disappearance of the Si−Cl stretching vibration and the appearance of the O−H stretching vibration. To understand the role of pyridine during the H2O reaction, the Si−Cl stretching vibration of the SiClx surface species was monitored during pyridine adsorption. The weak interaction between pyridine and the SiClx surface species suggested that the pyridine catalyzes the H2O reaction by hydrogen bonding to the incoming H2O reactant. The FTIR spectra also revealed that a pyridinium salt was left behind on the SiO2 surface at lower temperatures after both the SiCl4 and H2O reactions. The pyridinium salt can desorb from the SiO2 surface and no pyridinium salt was observed for surface temperatures >340 K after either the SiCl4 or H2O reactions.
Effectiveness of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs for Removal of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Spores from Hands (2010)

Hand washing with soap and water is significantly more effective at removing C. difficile spores from the hands of volunteers than are ABHRs. Residual spores are readily transferred by a handshake after use of ABHR.
Zero oxidation state compounds of scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides (1993)

F. G. N. Cloke, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1993, 22, 17 DOI: 10.1039/CS9932200017
Differential Modulation of Nuclear Receptor LRH-1 through Targeting Buried and Surface Regions of the Binding Pocket (2022)

Liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) is a phospholipid-sensing nuclear receptor that has shown promise as a target for alleviating intestinal inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in the liver. LRH-1 contains a large ligand-binding pocket, but generating synthetic modulators has been challenging. We have had recent success generating potent and efficacious agonists through two distinct strategies. We targeted residues deep within the pocket to enhance compound binding and residues at the mouth of the pocket to mimic interactions made by phospholipids. Here, we unite these two designs into one molecule to synthesize the most potent LRH-1 agonist to date. Through a combination of global transcriptomic, biochemical, and structural studies, we show that selective modulation can be driven through contacting deep versus surface polar regions in the pocket. While deep pocket contacts convey high affinity, contacts with the pocket mouth dominate allostery and provide a phospholipid-like transcriptional response in cultured cells.
Lumahelm (2013)

We wear helmets to protect us from injury, but how much more can they do for us in their everyday use? LumaHelm turns the helmet into a display through which we can communicate, express and play. We are exploring how this can make cycling safer, skateboarding more expressive, improve communication on construction sites, and affect any other activity requiring a helmet. Through this design and research process we want to find out what wearable technology in the future may look like and how it can be more intimately integrated in our everyday lives.
Highly efficient acoustooptic tunable filter based on cladding etched single-mode fiber (2002)

The efficiency enhancement of an acoustooptic tunable filter on cladding etched single-mode fiber (SMF) is investigated experimentally. When the fiber diameter is etched down to 30 μm, the acoustooptic coupling efficiency from the LP/sub 01/ core mode to the LP/sub 11/ cladding mode was increased by an order of magnitude, and the RF power consumption was reduced by two orders of magnitude. A highly efficient 8-cm-long 25-μm-thick AOTF on cladding etched SMF with an insertion loss of <0.2 dB, and RF power as low as 1.1 mW was demonstrated.
Intranasal Vaccination with an Engineered Influenza Virus Expressing the Receptor Binding Subdomain of Botulinum Neurotoxin Provides Protective Immunity Against Botulism and Influenza (2015)

Influenza virus is a negative segmented RNA virus without DNA intermediate. This makes it safer as a vaccine delivery vector than most DNA viruses that have potential to integrate their genetic elements into host genomes. In this study, we developed a universal influenza viral vector, expressing the receptor binding subdomain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A). We tested the growth characters of the engineered influenza virus in chicken eggs and Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK), and showed that it can be produced to a titer of 5 × 10(6) plaque forming unites/ml in chicken eggs and MDCK cells. Subsequently, mice intranasally vaccinated with the engineered influenza virus conferred protection against challenge with lethal doses of active BoNT/A toxin and influenza virus. Our results demonstrated the feasibility to develop a dual purpose nasal vaccine against both botulism and influenza.
Optimizing Nanohydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering (2019)

Bone tissue engineering involves the combined use of materials with functional properties to regenerate bone. Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) can influence the behavior of cells. The functional and structural properties of nHA can be controlled during nanoparticle synthesis. This review defines the relationship between the attributes of nHA nanoparticles and their biological effects, focusing on biocompatibility, surface-area-to-volume ratio, bonding chemistry, and substrate functionality. The paper explores how these aspects have been applied in the development of scaffolds for the repair of damaged bone or regeneration of missing bone.
Modeling practical reasoning (1993)

Knowledge modeling perspectives on knowledge acquisition suggest that it is reasonable to analyze knowledge bases as collections of models. This article focuses on those parts of the knowledge base that model the practical reasoning processes of human experts, and asks what properties those models might be expected to have. It surveys the general notion of a model and its connotations in information systems science. It analyze the structure of practical reasoning as a control process with information flows involving essential uncertainty and adaptivity, where robustness is more significant than optimality. Systemic considerations suggest that models of the relevant knowledge will consist of a collection of isolated productions, many of which will be concerned with avoidance rather than goal achievement. the relations of such models to role-limiting methods, generic tasks, and deep knowledge are discussed. Finally, the implications of the knowledge modeling perspectives for developments in knowledge acquisition are discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.