gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of Friend erythroleukemic cell cytodifferentiation by 5-amino levulinic acid; porphyrins, cell size, segregation of sialoglycoproteins, and nuclear translocation. (1988)

The late events of erythroid differentiation in Friend erythroleukemic cells (FELC), stimulated by 5-amino levulinic acid (5-ALA), were studied. Cultivation of the cells in 5-ALA-enriched media triggered a chain reaction, beginning with an immediate and rapid accumulation of endogenous porphyrins, in particular protoporphyrin and hemin. Incorporation of 14C-ALA was rapid and independent of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induction. In parallel, on the second day of growth, a marked decrease in cell volume was elucidated by flow cytometry. The total protein content was reduced, while Fe uptake and hemoglobin synthesis were increased. The combination of DMSO and 5-ALA produced the most effective induction of the FELC, and the differentiation criteria were the most advanced. The cells exposed to the combined stimulation became loaded with heme and hemoglobin and their generation time was prolonged up to 35 h. Transmission electron microscopy of these treated cells showed a morphological alteration to pearlike cells, associated with a typical nuclear translocation phenomenon and a regional segregation of sialoglycoproteins. An uneven distribution of organelles was revealed; one part of the cell contained numerous ribosomes and the nucleus, while the other part was hemoglobinized, contained mitochondria, and the outer membrane was heavily labeled with ferritin hydrazide, a marker for sialoglycoproteins. The enhanced stimulation of Friend cells by 5-ALA promoted an advanced step of erythroid maturation that has much in common with the late events of normal nuclear extrusion process.
CDP7657, an anti-CD40L antibody lacking an Fc domain, inhibits CD40L-dependent immune responses without thrombotic complications: an in vivo study (2015)

These findings demonstrate for the first time that anti-CD40L antibodies lacking a functional Fc region do not induce thrombotic events in Rhesus monkeys and fail to activate platelets in vitro but, nevertheless retain pharmacological activity and support the investigation of CDP7657 as a potential therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases.
28 GHz channel modeling using 3D ray-tracing in urban environments (2015)

In this paper, we analyze the radio channel characteristics at mmWave frequencies for 5G cellular communications in urban scenarios. 3D-ray tracing simulations in the downtown areas of Ottawa and Chicago are conducted in both the 2 GHz and 28 GHz bands. Each area has two different deployment scenarios, with different transmitter height and different density of buildings. Based on the observations of the ray-tracing experiments, important parameters of the radio channel model, such as path loss exponent, shadowing variance, delay spread and angle spread, are provided, forming the basis of a mmWave channel model. Based on the analysis and the 3GPP 3D-Spatial Channel Model (SCM) framework, we introduce a a preliminary mmWave channel model at 28 GHz.
Electrochemical Sensors (2006)

This review gives an overview of electrochemical sensor research for the calendar years 2004 and 2005. References were collected by topic and author searches using databases such as ACS SciFinder. Since searches with sensor-related keywords are normally not as meaningful because of the vast use of the term sensor in the chemical sciences, we also manually skimmed through tables of contents of journals to identify key publications. Unfortunately, the limit of 200 references made it impossible to comprehensively cover the entire field of electrochemical sensors. Instead, emphasis was on fundamental advances of sensing principles, materials and characteristics. Only original and review articles published in widely available journals written in English were considered. Patents, book chapters, or book serials were omitted for this review. Applications, including electronic tongues and noses, are not covered here either to give more room for fundamental advances. Today, electrochemical sensors are tightly integrated and hyphenated with sampling, fluidic handling, separation, and other detection principles. Unfortunately, this review does not has sufficient room to cover these topics, and a reader should keep in mind that the topic of electrochemical sensors is relatively mature and has found its way into commercial products and advanced integrated sensing systems. Again, the focus here was on the reporting of fundamental advances, not so much on fabrication, integration, and hyphenation. As in past years, we have organized this review by topic, in the order of potentiometric, voltammetric, and gas sensors as well as reference electrodes that generally avoid the use of biological recognition elements, followed by electrochemical biosensors including affinity sensing principles. It should be emphasized that many such biosensors are not sensors in the strict sense, as their response behavior is often not reversible. Please keep in mind that this is a subjective collection of publications. Given the rather vast and active field of electrochemical sensor research, it is inevitable that this review gives an incomplete account of the status of the field. The authors apologize in advance for any possible oversights of important contributions, as they are bound to have occurred. Nonetheless, it should give the reader a snapshot of current activity in this important field and hopefully will provide motivation for further work on the understanding and development of chemical sensors.
The reaction of superoxide radical with catalase. Mechanism of the inhibition of catalase by superoxide radical. (1984)

We have studied the time course of the absorption of bovine liver catalase after pulse radiolysis with oxygen saturation in the presence and absence of superoxide dismutase. In the absence of superoxide dismutase, catalase produced Compound I and another species. The formation of Compound I is due to the reaction of ferric catalase with hydrogen peroxide, which is generated by the disproportionation of the superoxide anion (O-2). The kinetic difference spectrum showed that the other species was neither Compound I nor II. In the presence of superoxide dismutase, the formation of this species was found to be inhibited, whereas that of Compound I was little affected. This suggests that this species is formed by the reaction of ferric catalase with O-2 and is probably the oxy form of this enzyme (Compound III). The rate constant for the reaction of O-2 and ferric catalase increased with a decrease in pH (cf. 4.5 X 10(4) M-1 s-1 at pH 9 and 4.6 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at pH 5.). The pH dependence of the rate constant can be explained by assuming that HO2 reacts with this enzyme more rapidly than O-2.
New Methods to Project Panoramas for Practical and Aesthetic Purposes (2007)

Recent advances in digital photomontage have simplified the creation of extreme wide-angle views from a vantage point, including the recreation of the entire sphere (we will refer to these type of images as panoramas). In order to minimize the distortion from the point of view of the viewer, panoramas have been typically presented using curved displays (such as the original panoramas, by Barker, in 1787; or several cinematographic systems, such as Circle-Vision 360, still in use), and more recently with the help of the computer (such as the QuickTime VR format). Unfortunately requiring such systems restricts their use, and little research has been done in the representation of panoramas into a flat surface. In this paper we propose the use of several geographic map projections to project a panorama into a flat surface, both for realistic purposes (where the projection can be easily accepted as a faithful representation of the original image) and for artistic purposes (where the projection is used as an artistic tool intended for the creation of an innovative interpretation of the panorama). Finally we explore the use of inclinometers and map projections to automatically project an image from a wide-angle lens (rectilinear or fisheye) into a new image that is more aesthetically pleasant. We believe the projections discussed in this paper will be useful to photographers, artists, and the designers of virtual reality environments, all of who might require the displaying of images with a wide field-of-view.
Recent advances in the fabrication of hollow glass waveguides (1998)

Hollow glass waveguides are an attractive fibers delivery system for a broad range of IR wavelengths, including the 3 μm Er:YAG and 10.6 μm CO<SUB>2</SUB> lasers. The losses for these waveguides are as low as 0.2 dB/m at the 10.6 wavelength for waveguides with a 700 μm bore. At the shorter wavelengths, like that of the Er:YAG laser, losses are higher than those predicted theoretically. This is shown to be a result of the increasing effect of surface roughness of the inner coatings. Variation of attenuation from waveguide to waveguide is examined, and the variation in the dielectric layer is evaluated.
TransMIL: Transformer based Correlated Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Image Classification (2021)

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a powerful tool to solve the weakly supervised classification in whole slide image (WSI) based pathology diagnosis. However, the current MIL methods are usually based on independent and identical distribution hypothesis, thus neglect the correlation among different instances. To address this problem, we proposed a new framework, called correlated MIL, and provided a proof for convergence. Based on this framework, we devised a Transformer based MIL (TransMIL), which explored both morphological and spatial information. The proposed TransMIL can effectively deal with unbalanced/balanced and binary/multiple classification with great visualization and interpretability. We conducted various experiments for three different computational pathology problems and achieved better performance and faster convergence compared with state-of-the-art methods. The test AUC for the binary tumor classification can be up to 93.09% over CAMELYON16 dataset. And the AUC over the cancer subtypes classification can be up to 96.03% and 98.82% over TCGA-NSCLC dataset and TCGA-RCC dataset, respectively. Implementation is available at: https://github.com/szc19990412/TransMIL.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> malate synthase is a laminin‐binding adhesin (2006)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) uses the glyoxalate bypass for intracellular survival in vivo. These studies provide evidence that the M. tb malate synthase (MS) has adapted to function as an adhesin which binds to laminin and fibronectin. This binding is achieved via the unique C-terminal region of the M. tb MS. The ability to function as an adhesin necessitates extracellular localization. We provide evidence that despite the absence of a Sec-translocation signal sequence the M. tb MS is secreted/excreted, and is anchored on the cell wall by an undefined mechanism. The MS of Mycobacterium smegmatis is cytoplasmic but the M. tb MS expressed in M. smegmatis localizes to the cell wall and enhances the adherence of the bacteria to lung epithelial A549 cells. Antibodies to the C-terminal laminin/fibronectin-binding domain interfere with the binding of the M. tb MS to laminin and fibronectin and reduce the adherence of M. tb to A549 cells. Coupled to the earlier evidence of in vivo expression of M. tb MS during active but not latent infection in humans, these studies show that a housekeeping enzyme of M. tb contributes to its armamentarium of virulence promoting factors.
The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation (2011)

This book compiles, for the first time, Stephen W. Porges's decades of research. A leading expert in developmental psychophysiology and developmental behavioral neuroscience, Porges is the mind behind the groundbreaking Polyvagal Theory, which has startling implications for the treatment of anxiety, depression, trauma, and autism. Adopted by clinicians around the world, the Polyvagal Theory has provided exciting new insights into the way our autonomic nervous system unconsciously mediates social engagement, trust, and intimacy.
Metal accumulation by heterotrophic marine bacterioplankton (2009)

Radioisotopes of six metals ( 54 Mn, 55 Fe, 65 Zn, 109 Cd, 137 Cs, and 241 Am) were used to assess the accumulation of these metals by five species of heterotrophic marine bacteria in laboratory cultures exposed to environmentally realistic metal concentrations in natural seawater. Typically, uptake proceeded rapidly for the first 24 h and slowed down over the following 72‐96 h. At steady state, the bioconcentration of metals in cells was Fe > Am ≃ Mn ≃ Cd > Zn > Cs. Concentration factors were 0.6–2.8 × 10 6 for Fe, 0.6–3.5 × 10 4 for Mn and Am, 0.2–4.8 × 10 4 for Cd, 0.5–1.6 × 10 3 for Zn, and 1.9 × 10 2 for Cs. Rinsing with oxalate did not result in significantly lower Fe concentrations, but rinsing the cells with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid resulted in significantly lower concentration factors for Mn and Am in one species. Interspecific differences in metal uptake were small under the conditions tested and were proportional to surface : volume ratios of the cells. The Q 10 of Zn uptake in two bacterial species examined was about 1, suggesting passive uptake. The Q 10 of Mn uptake was in the range of 1.8–3.6, indicating active uptake and transport into the cells. Given typical bacterial biomass in surface waters, we calculate that < 1% of most metals, but ~ 20% of Fe, should be associated with bacterial cells; they may serve as enriched sources of some metals for those organisms that consume them.
Visual Playlist Generation On The Artist Map. (2005)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Segmenting Twitter Hashtags (2016)

Of Hashtags Is Necessary As Precursor To Understandingtheir Meanings. This Paper Describes Our Work On Segmenting Nondelimited Strings Of Hashtag-Type English Text. We Adapt And Extend Methods Used Mostly In Non-English Context For Word Segmentation, To Handle Hashtags In English, Obtaining Effective Results.
Dynamic element matching in decomposed digital-to-analog converters (2005)

A dynamic element matching (DEMJ technique is proposed that aims at improving the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DAG) implemented with a decomposed architecture. The architecture consists of a number of small binary-weighted DACs that are controlled such that only a minimum number of unit current sources are switching for the most critical code transitions. The DEM is obtained by scrambling bit pairs with equal weight. In contrast to most other DEM techniques, the scrambling is performed conditionally so that the number of switching current sources does not increase compared with the unscrambled case. Hence, the good glitch properties of the decomposed convener architecture are maintained. Simulations on a behavioral level of some decomposed DACs have been performed. Assuming random uncorrelated matching errors with Gaussian distribution and a 5% standard deviation, the SFDR value giving 90 % yield is increased with 5.6 dB for a 14-bit DAC using scrambling of the two bit pairs with the largest weights. The hardware cost for the required scrambling circuits should be low since only two pairs of bits are scrambled.
Recommendation Technologies: Survey of Current Methods and Possible Extensions (2004)

The paper presents a survey of the field of recommender systems and describes current recommendation methods that are usually classified into the following three main categories: content-based, collaborative, and hybrid recommendation approaches. The paper also describes various limitations of current recommendation methods and discusses possible extensions that can improve recommendation capabilities. These extensions include, among others, improvement of understanding of users and items, incorporation of the contextual information into the recommendation process, support for multi-criteria ratings, and provision of more flexible and less intrusive types of recommendations.
Simulation of Nanoscale Round-Top-Gate Bulk FinFETs with Optimal Geometry Aspect Ratio (2006)

In this paper, we explore electrical characteristics of a 25 nm round-top-gate FinFET on both bulk silicon and SOI substrates. Assuming an ideal fin angle Θ = 90°, device performance of the FinFET with doped and undoped channels are simulated with a three-dimensional quantum correction transport model. Theoretical comparison shows that undoped bulk FinFETs possess promising electrical characteristics among different structures. Effect of non-ideal fin angle and fin height on device performance is investigated in terms of different short-channel effects. Optimal configuration of structure for the 25 nm round-top-gate bulk FinFETs is drawn to show the strategy of fabrication in nanoscale CMOS devices.
The <i>repA</i> Gene of the Linear <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Prophage PY54 Functions as a Circular Minimal Replicon in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

The Yersinia enterocolitica prophage PY54 replicates as a linear DNA molecule with covalently closed ends. For replication of a circular PY54 minimal replicon that has been derived from a linear minireplicon, two phage-encoded loci are essential in Escherichia coli: (i) the reading frame of the replication initiation gene repA and (ii) its 212-bp origin located within the 3' portion of repA. The RepA protein acts in trans on the origin since we have physically separated the PY54 origin and repA onto a two-plasmid origin test system. For this trans action, the repA 3' end carrying the origin is dispensable. Mutagenesis by alanine scan demonstrated that the motifs for primase and for nucleotide binding present in the protein are essential for RepA activity. The replication initiation functions of RepA are replicon specific. The replication initiation proteins DnaA, DnaG, and DnaB of the host are unable to promote origin replication in the presence of mutant RepA proteins that carry single residue exchanges in these motifs. The proposed origins of the known related hairpin prophages PY54, N15, and PKO2 are all located toward the 3' end of the corresponding repA genes, where several structure elements are conserved. Origin function depends on the integrity of these elements.
A novel computerized multiharmonic active load-pull system for the optimization of high efficiency operating classes in power transistors (2002)

A fully automated multiharmonic load-pull system allowing accurate measurement and control of the first three harmonic load terminations of RF and microwave transistors is presented in this paper. The technical originality of the proposed system lies in that the first, second and third harmonic load terminations can be independently and automatically monitored and fixed while varying the input power driving the transistor at the fundamental frequency. Appropriate hardware and software allow fast and automatic plots of power/efficiency performances of DUTs versus input power for different harmonic loadings. To demonstrate an attractive application of the system, measurements of a 1800 /spl mu/m gate periphery MESFET at 1.8 GHz for mobile communication applications are presented. Both suitable harmonic load terminations and nonappropriate ones yielding respectively optimum and poor power added efficiency are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Role of Vitamin E in Human Health and Some Diseases (2014)

Vitamin E is the major lipid-soluble component in the cell antioxidant defence system and is exclusively obtained from the diet. It has numerous important roles within the body because of its antioxidant activity. Oxidation has been linked to numerous possible conditions and diseases, including cancer, ageing, arthritis and cataracts; vitamin E has been shown to be effective against these. Platelet hyperaggregation, which can lead to atherosclerosis, may also be prevented by vitamin E; additionally, it also helps to reduce the production of prostaglandins such as thromboxane, which cause platelet clumping. The current literature review discusses the functions and roles of vitamin E in human health and some diseases as well as the consequences of vitamin E deficiency. The main focus of the review is on the tocopherol class of the vitamers.
Chemical Vapour Deposition of Tungsten by the Reduction of WF<sub>6</sub>using Si, SiH<sub>4</sub>, Si<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, Si<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, PH<sub>3</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub> (1991)

This paper reports on the chemical vapor-deposition of tungsten (CVD W) by the reduction of WF6 using Si, silane (SiH4) polysiiane (Si2H6 and Si3H8: SinH2n+2), diborane (B2H6), phosphine (PH3), and H2. These depositions can be changed from selective to blanket configuration by increasing the deposition temperature. In the selective deposition, deposition rate of tungsten by SiH4 and SinH2n+2 reductions is faster even at low temperature than by H2, B2H6, and PH3 reductions. The deposition rate of tungsten using SiH4 and Si2H6 reductions does not change with temperatures, the only exception is WF6 reduction by H2. Deposition rate decreases with the magnitude of selectivity loss. The deposition temperature decreases with molecular number for SinH2n+2. Tungsten deposition starts at 180 °C for SiH4, 80 °C for Si2H6 and 40 °C for Si3H8. Tungsten deposits selectively in the temperature range from 300 °C to 340 °C using B2H6 and PH3. H2 reduction starts at about 250 °C, similar to Si reduction period. Silicon substrate is damaged to significant depths in H2 reduction at 450 °C because of the occurrence of Si reduction and etching by the byproducts. Since SiH4 and Sin H2n+2 reductions occur at low temperatures, Si reduction is absent and Si substrate is undamaged. Porous and columnar structures are observed in the region where deposition changes from the selective to blanket mode. High temperature deposition and particles sticking to the oxide surface affect the selectivity loss. Low temperature depositions using WF6 reduction by SiH4 and SinH2n+2 are well suited for selective tungsten deposition.
Spatiotemporal QRST cancellation techniques for improved characterization of atrial fibrillation in the surface ECG (2002)

A new two-step approach to QRST complex cancellation in ECGs with atrial fibrillation is presented in which spatiotemporal properties of the ECG are considered. The method was found to produce QRS related residuals with a substantially lower amplitude and thereby the resulting residual ECG should be better suited for spectral analysis.
Detection of Anti-Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Antibody in Whole Blood by a Novel Counting Immunoassay (2003)

The CIA method can be used in screening for HTLV-I. The use of whole blood rather than serum or plasma reduces the sample volume and number of blood collections required, as well as assay time.
Simultaneous Measurement of Ventricular Fluid and Fontanelle Pressure in Neonates and Infants with Hydrocephalus (1985)

Simultaneous measurement of fontanelle and ventricular fluid pressure was performed during 1-2 hours in 17 neonates and infants with hydrocephalus at a mean age of 7 weeks on 19 occasions. The fontanelle pressure recorded by a Ladd sensor was on the average 1.1 mmHg lower than the ventricular fluid pressure and differed from it by a standard deviation of +/- 3.5 mmHg. The most important problem in continuous fontanometry is the evaluation of the precise application pressure at the beginning of the examination. Fontanometry is for the present appropriate to trend analysis and screening examination, but not to measure the exact intracranial pressure.