gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection of Mice against Brucellosis by Vaccination with<i>Brucella melitensis</i>WR201(16MΔ<i>purEK</i>) (1999)

Human brucellosis can be acquired from infected animal tissues by ingestion, inhalation, or contamination of the conjunctiva or traumatized skin by infected animal products. A vaccine to protect humans from occupational exposure or from zoonotic infection in areas where the disease is endemic would reduce an important cause of morbidity worldwide. Vaccines currently used in animals are unsuitable for human use. We tested a live, attenuated, purine-auxotrophic mutant strain of Brucella melitensis, WR201, for its ability to elicit cellular and humoral immune responses and to protect mice against intranasal challenge with B. melitensis 16M. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with WR201 made serum antibody to lipopolysaccharide and non-O-polysaccharide antigens. Splenocytes from immunized animals released interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, and IL-10 when cultured with Brucella antigens. Immunization led to protection from disseminated infection but had only a slight effect on clearance of the challenge inoculum from the lungs. These studies suggest that WR201 should be further investigated as a vaccine to prevent human brucellosis.
Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription: Novel Targets for Anticancer Therapeutics (1999)

BACKGROUND: Through specific activation of gene expression, the family of proteins known as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) converts extracellular stimuli into diverse biological responses. Beyond the normal signaling functions of STATs, recent evidence indicates that aberrant activation of STATs contributes to neoplastic transformation. METHODS: Current literature pertaining to the role of STAT proteins in oncogenesis is presented. Also, the rationale for developing novel approaches to disrupt STAT signaling is discussed, and the potential of STATs as anticancer targets in treating human cancer is reviewed. RESULTS: The discovery that certain oncoproteins constitutively activate specific STATs, coupled with observations that elevated STAT activity occurs frequently in a spectrum of human tumors, establishes a direct link between STAT activation and neoplastic transformation. Significantly, abrogation of STAT signaling blocks oncogenesis in model in vitro and in vivo systems. These results make STATs attractive targets for rational design of small molecule inhibitors and gene therapy approaches to disrupt STAT signaling. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of genetic, biochemical, and crystallographic analyses, the functional domains of STAT proteins have been well characterized. Based on these data, selective inhibitors of STAT function can be designed. Because disrupting STAT signaling has proven effective in blocking neoplastic transformation, it is proposed that STAT proteins represent promising targets for development of novel molecular therapeutics to treat human cancer.
Two Methods for Producing Foamed Materials in Space (2011)

This article is intended to review methods of producing foamed materials in space. Patents and papers will be reviewed which discuss various approaches to producing foamed materials on the ground and in space as well as other microgravity processing techniques. The physics of foam formation will be briefly discussed as well as foam structure. Different methods of foam formation primarily with metals and in particular with aluminum will be discussed. Finally, two patents for producing foamed materials in space developed by the author will be discussed in detail.
A high gain single stage gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (1980)

A high gain gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier. experiment has been performed in which net linear gains exceeding 50 dB have been observed. The experiment, which operates at 35 GHz in the TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> circular-electric mode, uses a resistive wall waveguide for stabilization against both reflective instability due to feedback by reflections at the input and output couplers and absolute instability due to feedback by coupling to the backward traveling wave by the electron beam. A 70 kV annular electron beam with a perpendicular velocity to parallel velocity ratio of approximately 1.5 was used, with beam currents up to 3 amps. The experiment supports calculations in showing that bandwidth improvement occurs as an additional benefit of the lossy wall. Also, the gain reduction due to the lossy wall is about one third the cold tube loss implying that stability can be achieved without serious sacrifice of gain.
Synthesis of Java Deserialisation Filters from Examples (2022)

Java natively supports serialisation and deserialisation, features that are necessary to enable distributed systems to exchange Java objects. Deserialisation of data from malicious sources can lead to security exploits including remote code execution because by default Java does not validate deserialised data. In the absence of validation, a carefully crafted payload can trigger arbitrary functionality. The state-of-the-art general mitigation strategy for deserialisation exploits in Java is deserialisation filtering that validates the contents of an object input stream before the object is deserialised using user-provided filters. In this paper we describe a novel technique called ds-prefix for automatic synthesis of deserialisation filters (as regular expressions) from examples. We focus on synthesis of allowlists (permitted behaviours) as they provide a better level of security. ds-prefix is based on deserialisation heuristics and specifically targets synthesis of deserialisation allowlists. We evaluate our approach by executing ds-prefix on popular open-source systems and show that ds-prefix can produce filters preventing real CVEs using a small number of training examples. We also compare our approach with other synthesis tools which demonstrates that ds-prefix outperforms existing tools and achieves better F1-score.
Data analysis on interactive whiteboards through sketch-based interaction (2011)

When faced with the task of understanding complex data, it is common for people to work on whiteboards, where they can collaborate with others, brainstorm lists of important questions, and sketch simple visualizations. However, these sketched visualizations seldom contain real data. We address this gap by extending these sketched whiteboard visualizations with the actual data to be analyzed. Guided by an iterative design process, we developed a better understanding of the challenges involved in bringing sketch-based interaction to data analysis. In this work we contribute insights into the design challenges of sketch-based charting, and we present SketchVis, a system that leverages hand-drawn input for exploring data through simple charts.
Advanced luminescence based effective series resistance imaging of silicon solar cells (2008)

A technique for fast and spatially resolved measurement of the effective series resistance of silicon solar cells from luminescence images is introduced. Without compromising the speed of existing luminescence based series resistance imaging methods, this method offers significant advantages in that it is more robust against variations in local diode characteristics. Lateral variations in the series resistance of an industrial screen printed multicrystalline silicon solar cell obtained from this method show excellent correlation with a Corescan measurement and are also shown to be unaffected by lateral variations in the diode properties.
Glycan modifications to the gp120 immunogens used in the RV144 vaccine trial improve binding to broadly neutralizing antibodies (2018)

To date, the RV144 HIV vaccine trial has been the only study to show that immunization can confer protection from HIV infection. While encouraging, the modest 31.2% (P = 0.04) efficacy achieved in this study left significant room for improvement, and created an incentive to optimize the AIDSVAX B/E vaccine immunogens to increase the level of vaccine efficacy. Since the completion of the RV144 trial, our understanding of the antigenic structure of the HIV envelope protein, gp120, and of the specificity of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bN-mAbs) that bind to it, has significantly improved. In particular, we have learned that multiple families of bN-mAbs require specific oligomannose glycans for binding. Both of the monomeric gp120 immunogens (MN- and A244-rgp120) in the AIDSVAX B/E vaccine used in the RV144 trial were enriched for glycans containing high levels of sialic acid, and lacked critical N-linked glycosylation sites required for binding by several families of bN-mAbs. The absence of these epitopes may have contributed to the low level of efficacy achieved in this study. In this report, we describe our efforts to improve the antigenic structure of the rgp120 immunogens used in the vaccine by optimizing glycan-dependent epitopes recognized by multiple bN-mAbs. Our results demonstrated that by shifting the location of one PNGS in A244-rgp120, and by adding two PNGS to MN-rgp120, in conjunction with the production of both proteins in a cell line that favors the incorporation of oligomannose glycans, we could significantly improve the binding by three major families of bN-mAbs. The immunogens described here represent a second generation of gp120-based vaccine immunogens that exhibit potential for use in RV144 follow-up studies.
Towards predictive system-level modelling of miniaturized photoacoustic gas sensors (2022)

We present a novel modeling approach that integrates the sub-models of the different physical domains of a PAS sensor. In this way, a connected system-level-model is created considering the optical power of the infrared source, the transmissivity of the optical filter, the absorption behavior of a target gas, and the sensitivity of the microphone used. Based on this model, the influence of the individual components on the overall system is determined in order to identify possible candidates as target gases for miniaturized PAS systems.
Nonlinear Equalizer for High-Density Optical Disc Reproducing Apparatus (2004)

This paper presents an equalizer for a high-density optical disc reproducing apparatus. The equalizer ensures small bit error rate (BER) applying simple circuitry. The results of the experimental tests of the equalizer are described. The experimental comparison of the proposed equalizer with a known limit equalizer is given.
Multiple frequency submillimeter-wave heterodyne imaging using an AB millimetre MVNA (2006)

A multiple frequency heterodyne imaging system has been established and is now being used to study a range of biological and material samples in the submillimeter wave frequency regime. Advantages of this imaging system include signal-to-noise >80 dB from 200 to 700 GHz, true magnitude and phase, simple frequency shifting, dual simultaneous frequency measurements, and transportable transmit and receive heads. This paper describes the test system and presents some examples of its use for biological and space science applications.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals - Structure and Design (1984)

Abstract Interest in the synthesis of optically active smectic liquid crystals has increased considerably since the advent of a fast switching, bistable, electrooptic device configuration based on their ferroelectric properties. A number of structurally separate ferroelectric liquid crystal phases have been defined which possess differing properties. These types of phase can be utilized in different forms of application. The structures of the various ferroelectric smectic phases and the types of material which exhibit these modifications are discussed in detail. The design and engineering of materials to suit certain device criteria is related to the properties of the smectic ferroelectric phases. A relationship between the absolute spacial configuration of the optically active materials which exhibit ferroelectric smectic phases, the twist direction of the phase and the direction of the spontaneous polarization is developed.
Interferon-β Induction Through Toll-Like Receptor 3 Depends on Double-Stranded RNA Structure (2005)

Type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) play an essential role in both innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. IFN- beta is produced by fibroblasts and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) upon viral infection or in response to doublestranded RNA (dsRNA). Several intracellular molecules having a dsRNA-binding motif such as dsRNA-dependent protein kinase recognize dsRNA in a sequence-independent manner and induce antiviral innate responses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, a member of TLR family proteins, recognizes extracellular dsRNA and activates NF- kappaB and the IFN-beta promoter leading to the induction of IFN-beta production. Here we analyzed the dsRNA structure capable of inducing TLR3-mediated IFN-beta production using various synthetic RNA duplexes. In contrast to the recognition of dsRNA by intracellular molecules, TLR3 preferentially recognizes polyriboinocinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) rather than synthetic virus-derived dsRNAs. 2'-O-methyl or 2'-fluoro modification of cytidylic acid abolished the IFN-beta-inducing ability of the poly(I:C) duplex, and these modified dsRNAs inhibited poly(I:C)-induced TLR3-mediated IFN-beta production by fibroblasts and DCs. In addition, poly(dI:dC), a non-IFN inducer, also blocked poly(I:C)-induced IFN-beta induction. Since TLR3 is localized in the intracellular compartment of DCs where signaling occurs, modified dsRNAs may compete with poly(I:C) for binding to the cell-surface receptor that transfers dsRNA into TLR3-enriched vesicles. Thus, TLR3 recognizes a unique dsRNA structure that largely differs from those recognized by other dsRNA-binding proteins.
Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis: a comparison with historical features in patients with chronic hepatitis C (2002)

A simple index including age, sex, and five biochemical markers accurately predicts significant hepatitis C-related fibrosis. This index is more accurate than an index of historical features, the addition of which to the existing index was not helpful.
One-sided transparency: A novel visualization for tubular objects (2014)

This paper describes a unique method for tubular object visualization. The method involves rendering the exterior of the tube invisible while keeping the interior visible. This “One-sided-transparency” technique renders a more complete view of the tube's interior. When applied to virtual colonoscopy (VC), it compares favorably to existing methods. It provides more complete images, reduces computational time, and reduces memory requirements while preserving VCs benefits for patients and practitioners. The approach also has various potential uses outside of VC.
1.BETA.-Methyl-2-(5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio)carbapenems; 2. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 5-Aminopropyl and 5-Aminopropenyl Pyrrolidine Derivatives. (1997)

The synthesis and biological activity of (1R, 5S, 6S)-2-[(3S, 5S)-5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio]6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl- l-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid, in which aminopropyl, aminopropenyl, and aminopropynyl groups were introduced as substituents, are described. Aminopropyl and aminopropenyl derivatives showed potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa.
The Characterization of the Repertoire of Wheat Antigens and Peptides Involved in the Humoral Immune Responses in Patients with Gluten Sensitivity and Crohn's Disease (2011)

Intestinal T cells from gluten sensitivity/celiac disease patients respond to a heterogeneous array of peptides. Our study extended this heterogeneity to humoral immune response to various wheat proteins and peptides in patients with gluten sensitivity or Crohn's disease. IgG and IgA antibodies in sera from those patients and healthy control subjects were measured against an array of wheat antigens and peptides. In gluten-sensitive patients, IgG reacted most against transglutaminase, prodynorphin, wheat extract, and α-, γ-, and ω-gliadin; IgA reacted most against wheat then transglutaminase, glutenin, and other peptides. In the sera of Crohn's disease patients, IgG reacted most against wheat and wheat germ agglutinin then transglutaminase, prodynorphin, α-, and γ-gliadin; IgA reacted foremost against prodynorphin then transglutaminase and α-gliadin. These results showed a substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of IgG and IgA response against various wheat antigens and peptides. Measurements of IgG and IgA antibodies against such an array of wheat peptides and antigens can enhance the sensitivity and specificity of serological assays for gluten sensitivity and celiac disease and may also detect silent celiac disease or its overlap with inflammatory bowel disease.
Focused Ultrasonic Propulsion of Kidney Stones: Review and Update of Preclinical Technology (2013)

A noninvasive tool to reposition kidney stones could have significant impact in the management of stone disease. Our research group has developed a noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound device. A review and update of the current status of this technology is provided. DISCUSSION OF TECHNOLOGY: Stone propulsion is achieved through short bursts of focused, ultrasonic pulses. The initial system consisted of an eight-element annular array transducer, computer, and separate ultrasound imager. In the current generation, imaging and therapy are completed with one ultrasound system and a commercial probe. This generation allows real-time ultrasound imaging, targeting, and propulsion. Safety and effectiveness for the relocation of calyceal stones have been demonstrated in the porcine model. ROLE IN ENDOUROLOGY: This technology may have applications in repositioning stones as an adjunct to lithotripsy, facilitating clearance of residual fragments after lithotripsy, expelling de novo stones, and potentially repositioning obstructing stones. Human trials are in preparation.
Isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the human c-kit receptor (1992)

Stem cell factor (SCF) stimulates the growth of burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) by binding to a specific cell surface receptor. The receptor for SCF is encoded by the protooncogene c-kit. After immunizing mice with the human erythroleukemia cell line OCIM1, we obtained a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that recognizes the human c-kit receptor. This MoAb, designated SR-1, blocks binding of 125I-human SCF to the c-kit receptor, and neutralizes the biologic effects of SCF in hematopoietic colony assays. With few exceptions, c-kit expression was identified on all hematopoietic and lymphoid cell lines tested by indirect immunofluorescent analysis using SR-1 and by binding studies with 125I-SCF. SR-1 recognizes a small fraction of normal bone marrow mononuclear cells, and these cells have the morphologic appearance of blasts. Colony assays show that BFU-E and CFU-GM display the c-kit receptor. SR-1 does not cross-react with murine c-kit protein, indicating that the binding epitopes of the human and murine c-kit receptors are antigenically distinct. This MoAb may be useful to characterize the spectrum of cells that display the c-kit receptor and to further define the role of SCF in hematopoiesis.
Cloning of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase genes from B. stearothermophilus and B. macerans. (1987)

CGTase (EC 2.4.1.19) genes from B. stearothermophilus and B. macerans were cloned and expressed in E. coli and B. subtilis. Enzymes from recombinants have the same enzymatic properties as those from donor strains, respectively. Amino acid sequences of the enzymes were deduced from DNA sequences of the two genes. B. stearothermophilus enzyme is consisted of 711 amino acids which is contained 31 residues as a signal peptide. On the other hand, B. macerans enzyme is consisted of 713 amino acids which is contained 27 residues as a signal peptide. Amino acid homology between two enzymes is 60%, and those between CGTases and α-amylases from various origins are 20-30%. Amino acid homology between each CGTase and A. oryzae α-amylase is the highest, 30%.
Quantitative in vivo monitoring of methemoglobinemia using noninvasive Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (2004)

We present noninvasive in vivo measurements of methemoglobin (MetHb) formation and reduction in rabbits using diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). The absolute concentrations of MetHb, Hb-R, and Hb-O2 were quantified during nitrite infusions and again during methylene blue treatment. The fractions of MetHb to the total hemoglobin concentration correlate very closely with cooximetry values (R2 > 0.83).
Multi‐primary‐color LCD: Its characteristics and extended applications (2011)

Abstract— The development of multi‐primary‐color (MPC) display systems is one of the big paradigm shifts in recent display technologies and induces new potentials of display devices. The development of MPC display systems for different goals is briefly reviewed. Especially, by employing MPC systems, it is possible to reproduce the real material colors faithfully and efficiently. For signal processing, MPC systems have a big advantage in the so‐called color‐reproduction redundancy. A number of applications can be derived from this characteristic, such as improving the viewing‐angle dependency issue and power savings. On the other hand, MPC systems have a typical trade‐off versus RGB‐standardized input signals, especially for reproducing bright green. New algorithms to moderate this trade‐off on MPC systems by employing color‐reproduction redundancy are proposed. The goal of our algorithms is to maintain the compatibility with RGB‐based input signals though the initial display design so that the characteristics of MPC systems are not changed or lost. These algorithms indicate that MPC display systems are applicable not only for a specifically limited objective but also for other applications, e.g. , TV broadcasting.
Gamut Mapping for Computer Generated Images (II) (1996)

Computer Generated (CG) images on a CRT monitor cannot be accurately reproduced on a hardcopy output when the gamut of the CRT monitor exceeds that of the printer. Such cases require that the out-of-gamut colors be mapped inside the output device's gamut while preserving the appearance of original image as much as possible. This technique is called gamut mapping. While several gamut mapping techniques have been suggested for the natural images, techniques for CG images have rarely been discussed.In this paper, a three-dimensional gamut mapping technique for CG images is considered. A weighted color difference equation for lightness, chroma, and hue, along with normal CIE 1976 color difference equation were used in the gamut mapping. Visual experiments were performed to evaluate the importance of these attributes in image appearance. Results showed that human visual system is most sensitive to lightness change, and least sensitive for chroma change. Surprisingly, for CG images, hue change was less noticeable than the lightness change.
An optimal service policy for buffer systems (1995)

Consider a switching component in a packet-switching network, where messages from several incoming channels arrive and are routed to appropriate outgoing ports according to a service policy. One requirement in the design of such a system is to determine the buffer storage necessary at the input of each channel and the policy for serving these buffers that will prevent buffer overflow and the corresponding loss of messages. In this paper, a class of buffer service policies, called Least Time to Reach Bound (LTRB), is introduced that guarantees no overflow, and for which the buffer size required at each input channel is independent of the number of channels and their relative speeds. Further, the storage requirement is only twice the maximal length of a message in all cases, and as a consequence the class is shown to be optimal in the sense that any nonoverflowing policy requires at least as much storage as LTRB.