gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feeder-Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Messenger RNA (2012)

The therapeutic promise of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has spurred efforts to circumvent genome alteration when reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency. Approaches based on episomal DNA, Sendai virus, and messenger RNA (mRNA) can generate "footprint-free" iPSCs with efficiencies equaling or surpassing those attained with integrating viral vectors. The mRNA method uniquely affords unprecedented control over reprogramming factor (RF) expression while obviating a cleanup phase to purge residual traces of vector. Currently, mRNA-based reprogramming is relatively laborious due to the need to transfect daily for ~2 weeks to induce pluripotency, and requires the use of feeder cells that add complexity and variability to the procedure while introducing a route for contamination with non-human-derived biological material. We accelerated the mRNA reprogramming process through stepwise optimization of the RF cocktail and leveraged these kinetic gains to establish a feeder-free, xeno-free protocol which slashes the time, cost and effort involved in iPSC derivation.
Data on bone marrow stem cells delivery using porous polymer scaffold (2015)

Low bioavailability and/or survival at the injury site of transplanted stem cells necessitate its delivery using a biocompatible, biodegradable cell delivery vehicle. In this dataset, we report the application of a porous biocompatible, biodegradable polymer network that successfully delivers bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) at the wound site of a murine excisional splint wound model. In this data article, we are providing the additional data of the reference article "Porous polymer scaffold for on-site delivery of stem cells - protects from oxidative stress and potentiates wound tissue repair" (Ramasatyaveni et al., 2016) [1]. This data consists of the characterization of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) showing the pluripotency and stem cell-specific surface markers. Image analysis of the cellular penetration into PEG-PU polymer network and the mechanism via enzymatic activation of MMP-2 and MMP-13 are reported. In addition, we provide a comparison of various routes of transplantation-mediated BMSCs engraftment in the murine model using bone marrow transplantation chimeras. Furthermore, we included in this dataset the engraftment of BMSCs expressing Sca-1(+)Lin(-)CD133(+)CD90.2(+) in post-surgery day 10.
ILR: Where'd My Gadgets Go? (2012)

Through randomization of the memory space and the confinement of code to non-data pages, computer security researchers have made a wide range of attacks against program binaries more difficult. However, attacks have evolved to exploit weaknesses in these defenses. To thwart these attacks, we introduce a novel technique called Instruction Location Randomization (ILR). Conceptually, ILR randomizes the location of every instruction in a program, thwarting an attacker's ability to re-use program functionality (e.g., arc-injection attacks and return-oriented programming attacks). ILR operates on arbitrary executable programs, requires no compiler support, and requires no user interaction. Thus, it can be automatically applied post-deployment, allowing easy and frequent re-randomization. Our preliminary prototype, working on 32-bit x86 Linux ELF binaries, provides a high degree of entropy. Individual instructions are randomly placed within a 31-bit address space. Thus, attacks that rely on a priori knowledge of the location of code or derandomization are not feasible. We demonstrated ILR's defensive capabilities by defeating attacks against programs with vulnerabilities, including Adobe's PDF viewer, acroread, which had an in-the-wild vulnerability. Additionally, using an industry-standard CPU performance benchmark suite, we compared the run time of prototype ILR-protected executables to that of native executables. The average run-time overhead of ILR was 13% with more than half the programs having effectively no overhead (15 out of 29), indicating that ILR is a realistic and cost-effective mitigation technique.
Gas chromatography–chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1970)

Linking a gas chromatograph to a mass spectrometer equipped with a chemical ionization source requires no splitter nor separator since the carrier gas for gas chromatography becomes the reactant gas for chemical ionization.
Advances in Power Generator Control: Precise Control of Power Systems Islands Using Time-Synchronized Measurements (2014)

Flexibility in the control of electric power generation within an industrial facility can be improved through the implementation of technology associated with recent advances in electrical system measurement techniques and communication protocols. Although generator speed governing and synchronization technology has remained relatively static in recent years, advancements in generator control, including the ability to eliminate the need for stand-alone bus synchronization systems, are described in this article. For such advanced systems, time-synchronized measurement and the control of generators are required, using technology such as IEEE C37.118 (synchronized phasor measurements) [1]. Time-synchronized measurements implemented in each generator governor controller allow for the precise control of a power system island or group of islands relative to each other or to a master reference. Accordingly, independent, perpetually synchronized power system islands were tested in a laboratory using time-synchronized governor controllers. The results are documented, and conclusions are drawn regarding the feasibility and usefulness of such technology. Additionally, challenges related to control and synchronization difficulties faced at a variety of industrial facilities are discussed as well as how this new control technology can help overcome such difficulties.
The Dynamics and Prognostic Potential of DNA Methylation Changes at Stem Cell Gene Loci in Women's Cancer (2012)

Aberrant DNA methylation is an important cancer hallmark, yet the dynamics of DNA methylation changes in human carcinogenesis remain largely unexplored. Moreover, the role of DNA methylation for prediction of clinical outcome is still uncertain and confined to specific cancers. Here we perform the most comprehensive study of DNA methylation changes throughout human carcinogenesis, analysing 27,578 CpGs in each of 1,475 samples, ranging from normal cells in advance of non-invasive neoplastic transformation to non-invasive and invasive cancers and metastatic tissue. We demonstrate that hypermethylation at stem cell PolyComb Group Target genes (PCGTs) occurs in cytologically normal cells three years in advance of the first morphological neoplastic changes, while hypomethylation occurs preferentially at CpGs which are heavily Methylated in Embryonic Stem Cells (MESCs) and increases significantly with cancer invasion in both the epithelial and stromal tumour compartments. In contrast to PCGT hypermethylation, MESC hypomethylation progresses significantly from primary to metastatic cancer and defines a poor prognostic signature in four different gynaecological cancers. Finally, we associate expression of TET enzymes, which are involved in active DNA demethylation, to MESC hypomethylation in cancer. These findings have major implications for cancer and embryonic stem cell biology and establish the importance of systemic DNA hypomethylation for predicting prognosis in a wide range of different cancers.
<title>High-power separate-confinement heterostructure AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes with broadened waveguide</title> (1996)

AlGaAs/GaAs graded-index separate-confinement heterostructure single quantum well (GRINSCH-SQW) lasers with different waveguide thickness have been analyzed experimentally and compared with results from modeling using transverse optical field distributions. We have found that for GRINSCH lasers the halfwidth of near-field and far-field patterns depends very weakly on the waveguide thickness due to the focusing of the optical field in the transverse direction by the graded-index waveguide. At the same time, the mode intensity in the cladding layers is reduced by two orders of magnitude as the waveguide thickness is increased from 40 nm to 1200 nm. As a result, a 20% improvement in the differential quantum efficiency ((eta) <SUB>d</SUB>) is realized, while the threshold current density remains unchanged. Differential quantum efficiency as high as 78% and output power exceeding 4 W cw have been obtained for broadened waveguide lasers.
A method for signalling block-adaptive quantization in baseline sequential JPEG (2009)

The traditional JPEG compression standard, unlike JPEG2000, does not prescribe a means for spatially-variable quantization of transform coefficients. This prevents useful features such as region-of-interest (ROI) coding, where, for example, the subject in a photograph may be lightly compressed while the background is heavily compressed to hide irrelevant details. In this paper, we show how the quantization may be adapted in each block and, more importantly, how the adaptation may be signalled to the decoder in a memory-efficient manner. The method takes advantage of previously unused slots in the Huffman tables employed for entropy coding. The adaptation allows, for example, ROI coding of subject and background. We demonstrate how the encoder may be modified to produce an output that is standards-compliant, and how the decoder may be modified to correctly recover the adaptively quantized image. We show that the dequantization of an adaptively-quantized image with a standard, non-adaptive decoder, amounts to filtering in the DCT domain. Examples are shown to illustrate adaptive quantization, signalling, and decoding.
Melanin determination using optimised inverse Monte Carlo for skin &#x2014; Light interaction (2012)

Abnormality of melanin production causes skin pigmentation disorders. Many simulation models of light interaction with human skin have been reported. The most accurate skin model is based on Monte Carlo approach. An inverse model is used to derive optical properties of skin by fitting the spectral reflectance obtained from the model of light interaction to the actual spectral reflectance obtained from empirical data. Currently there is no an inverse Monte Carlo model which is designed to analyse skin chromophores especially melanin type and its concentration. In this paper, a development of an inverse Monte Carlo model to analyse skin pigmentation model is presented. The inverse model is first validated with 37 spectral reflectance data obtained from normal participants. An observational clinical study involving 11 melasma patients is then conducted. As expected, result shows that the concentrations of eumelanin and pheomelanin of all melasma lesions are higher than concentration of eumelanin and pheomelanin of normal skin, resulting in higher light photon absorption. It can be inferred that the developed inverse model is able to determine relative concentrations of eumelanin and pheomelanin.
A Multihypothesis Motion-Compensated Temporal Filter for Video Denoising (2006)

Most existing filters for video denoising are spatio-temporal filters which operate on data over 3 dimensions. This paper presents a purely linear temporal filter with multihypothesis motion compensation (MC). Compared to the spatio-temporal filters, the proposed one needs much fewer inputs and much simpler operation. Experimental results show that just by involving 3 pixels, the proposed filter can achieve very good noise suppression performance. Moreover, as a purely temporal filter, it can well preserve spatial details and achieve satisfactory visual quality.
Influence of intravitreal injections of HPMPC and related nucleoside analogues on intraocular pressure in guinea pig eyes. (1998)

Of the HPMP series, the cyclic analogue of HPMPC (cHPMPC) and HPMPC are the least toxic of the compounds that show potent anti-human cytomegalovirus activity (HCMV). PMEG, the most potent anti-HCMV compound of the PME series, is toxic at higher doses. Further evaluation of lower doses is needed. Compounds of the PMP series are not toxic, but they show no anti-HCMV activities. The IOP-lowering effect of these compounds appears to be associated with an effect on the ciliary body.
Full C-band slope-matched dispersion compensation based on a phase sampled Bragg grating (2004)

A 51 channel fiber Bragg grating slope-matched dispersion compensator is produced with a complex phase mask. The phase mask includes a phase sampling function with a linearly chirped sampling period to achieve dispersion slope-matching.
Human Norovirus Neutralized by a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the HBGA Pocket (2018)

Temporal changes in the GII.4 human norovirus capsid sequences occasionally result in the emergence of genetic variants capable of causing new epidemics. The GII.4 persistence is believed to be associated with the recognition of numerous histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) types and antigenic drift. We found that one of the earliest known GII.4 isolate (1974) and a more recent epidemic GII.4 variant (2012) had varied norovirus-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactivities, yet similar HBGA binding profiles. To better understand the binding interaction of one MAb (10E9) that had varied reactivities with these GII.4 variants, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the NSW-2012 GII.4 P domain 10E9 Fab complex. We showed that the 10E9 Fab interacted with conserved and variable residues, which could be associated with antigenic drift. Interestingly, the 10E9 Fab binding pocket partially overlapped the HBGA pocket and haddirect competition for conserved HBGA binding residues (i.e., Arg345 and Tyr444). Indeed, the 10E9 MAb blocked norovirus VLPs from binding to several sources of HBGAs. Moreover, the 10E9 antibody completely abolished virus replication in the human norovirus intestinal enteroid cell culture system. Our new findings provide first direct evidence that competition for GII.4 HBGA binding residues and steric obstruction could lead to norovirus neutralization. On the other hand, the 10E9 MAb recognized residues flanking the HBGA pocket, which are often substituted as the virus evolves. This mechanism of antigenic drift likely influences herd immunityand impedes the possibility of acquiring broadly reactive HBGA-blocking antibodies.
High temperature adhesive silicone foam composition, foam generating system and method of generating foam. [For access denial] (1983)

Access to a space is impeded by generation of a sticky foam from a silicone polymer and a low boiling solvent such as a halogenated hydrocarbon. In a preferred aspect, the formulation is polydimethylsiloxane gel mixed with F502 Freon as a solvent and blowing agent, and pressurized with CO/sub 2/ in a vessel to about 250 PSI, whereby when the vessel is opened, a sticky and solvent resistant foam is deployed. The foam is deployable, over a wide range of temperatures, adhering to wet surfaces as well as dry, is stable over long periods of time and does not propagate flame or lose adhesive properties during an externally supported burn.
On efficient link error prediction based on convex metrics (2005)

A methodology is presented to predict the frame error rate (FER) in wireless links for a wide range of channel conditions and retransmission strategies. This method measures the variations in signal amplitude and noise variance within a frame and applies a convex metric based on Shannon's capacity formula to account for Doppler penalties and diversity gains due to multipath combining and retransmission strategies such as hybrid ARQ with Chase combining or with incremental redundancy. This method requires very little information about the received signals and uses a single (AWGN) reference curve for the given channel code. This link error prediction (LEP) method is of great value for system monitoring, scheduling and system simulations.
Exploiting the Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation system for glycoengineering vaccines and diagnostic tools directed against brucellosis (2012)

Bacterial engineered glycoproteins show promising applications for the development on an array of diagnostics and immunoprotective opportunities in the future.
Oocyte cryopreservation (1998)

Cryopreservation of human oocytes has been employed with little success in clinical practice, even though it may solve the legal and ethical problems linked to embryo freezing. Various attempts to cryopreserve human oocytes have mostly been unsuccessful, leading to low oocyte survival rates after thawing, and the search for an optimal protocol for oocyte cryopreservation remains elusive. A preliminary study was undertaken to evaluate some of the factors influencing the survival rate of human oocytes and the efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as an insemination procedure. A total of 38 women with tubal infertility were enrolled in the study. The cryopreservation procedure consisted of a slow freeze-rapid thawing technique using 1,2 propanediol and sucrose as cryoprotectants. The overall oocyte survival rate was approximately 60%. A better survival rate was obtained when the oocytes were cryopreserved in the presence of partially removed cumulus oophorus rather than in the presence of totally enzymatically removed cumulus oophorus. The cryoprotectant concentration and the equilibration time also appear to influence the oocyte survival rate. ICSI may be an efficient method of achieving a satisfactory outcome in terms of fertilization in cryopreserved human oocytes. Embryonic morphological quality does not seem to be compromised by cryopreservation. In conclusion, these data show that cryopreservation may ensure that the integrity of the human oocyte is adequate for normal fertilization and embryo development.
<title>Glass waveguides by ion exchange with ionic masking</title> (1991)

The fabrication of single-mode glass waveguides by silver ion exchange with ionic masking has been studied. In this ionic masking process metallic stripes are first patterned to mask the potassium ion exchange. Then the stripes are removed and silver ion exchange is performed. This produces waveguides in the previously masked regions where potassium ions are not present. The study on the efficiency of the ionic mask is presented. Then the measured mode profiles are compared to the calculated mode profiles. Finally, the situation in which potassium ion exchange does not increase the refractive index of the glass is discussed.
Thermostable Î±-galactosidase from<i>Thermotoga neapolitana</i>: cloning, sequencing and expression (1998)

A gene encoding a thermostable alpha-galactosidase from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga neapolitana was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the 552-amino acid protein is similar to Escherichia coli Raf type alpha-galactosidase and belongs to Family 36 of the glycosyl hydrolases. Recombinant alpha-galactosidase expressed in E. coli has a molecular mass of ca. 61 kDa, and an optimum activity at 93 degrees C at pH 7.0. The enzyme is highly thermostable and retains 75% of activity after heating to 80 degrees C for 4 h. The potential application of the enzyme to high temperature processing of soy molasses has been demonstrated.
Online anomaly detection with concept drift adaptation using recurrent neural networks (2018)

Anomaly detection in time series is an important task with several practical applications. The common approach of training one model in an offline manner using historical data is likely to fail under dynamically changing and non-stationary environments where the definition of normal behavior changes over time making the model irrelevant and ineffective. In this paper, we describe a temporal model based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for time series anomaly detection to address challenges posed by sudden or regular changes in normal behavior. The model is trained incrementally as new data becomes available, and is capable of adapting to the changes in the data distribution. RNN is used to make multi-step predictions of the time series, and the prediction errors are used to update the RNN model as well as detect anomalies and change points. Large prediction error is used to indicate anomalous behavior or a change (drift) in normal behavior. Further, the prediction errors are also used to update the RNN model in such a way that short term anomalies or outliers do not lead to a drastic change in the model parameters whereas high prediction errors over a period of time lead to significant updates in the model parameters such that the model rapidly adapts to the new norm. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach on a diverse set of synthetic, publicly available and proprietary real-world datasets.
Laser heterodyne interferometer with rotational error compensation for precision displacement measurement (2018)

A laser heterodyne interferometer with rotational error compensation is proposed for precision displacement measurement. In this interferometer, the rotational error of the measured object is obtained by using an angle detecting unit which is composed of a semi-reflective film, a polarizing beam splitter, a quarter-wave plate, a convex lens and a two-dimensional position sensitive detector. And the obtained rotational angle is used for compensating its influence on displacement measurement result. The optical configuration of the proposed interferometer is designed, and the mathematical model for displacement measurement with rotational error compensation is established. The coupling effect of axial displacement on rotational angle measurement and the rotational angle range used for compensation on displacement measurement are discussed in detail. To verify feasibility of the proposed interferometer, the experimental setup was constructed and several verification experiments were performed.
Antibody Protection against Botulinum Neurotoxin Intoxication in Mice (2009)

Adulteration of food or feed with any of the seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a potential bioterrorism concern. Currently, there is strong interest in the development of detection reagents, vaccines, therapeutics, and other countermeasures. A sensitive immunoassay for detecting BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A), based on monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) F1-2 and F1-40, has been developed and used in complex matrices. The epitope for F1-2 has been mapped to the heavy chain of BoNT/A, and the epitope of F1-40 has been mapped to the light chain. The ability of these MAbs to provide therapeutic protection against BoNT/A intoxication in mouse intravenous and oral intoxication models was tested. High dosages of individual MAbs protected mice well both pre- and postexposure to BoNT/A holotoxin. A combination therapy consisting of antibodies against both the light and heavy chains of the toxin, however, significantly increased protection, even at a lower MAb dosage. An in vitro peptide assay for measuring toxin activity showed that pretreatment of toxin with these MAbs did not block catalytic activity but instead blocked toxin entry into primary and cultured neuronal cells. The timing of antibody rescue in the mouse intoxication models revealed windows of opportunity for antibody therapeutic treatment that correlated well with the biologic half-life of the toxin in the serum. Knowledge of BoNT intoxication and antibody clearance in these mouse models and understanding of the pharmacokinetics of BoNT are invaluable for future development of antibodies and therapeutics against intoxication by BoNT.