gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disposition of Nuclear Waste Using Subcritical Accelerator-Driven Systems: Technology Choices and Implementation Scenarios (2000)

Los Alamos National Laboratory has led the development of accelerator-driven transmutation of waste (ATW) to provide an alternative technological solution to the disposition of nuclear waste. While ATW will not eliminate the need for a high-level waste repository, it offers a new technology option for altering the nature of nuclear waste and enhancing the capability of a repository. The basic concept of ATW focuses on reducing the time horizon for the radiological risk from hundreds of thousands of years to a few hundred years and on reducing the thermal loading. As such, ATW will greatly reduce the amount of transuranic elements that will be disposed of in a high-level waste repository. The goal of the ATW nuclear subsystem is to produce three orders of magnitude reduction in the long-term radiotoxicity of the waste sent to a repository, including losses through processing. If the goal is met, the radiotoxicity of ATW-treated waste after 300 yr would be less than that of untreated waste after 100 000 yr.These objectives can be achieved through the use of high neutron fluxes produced in accelerator-driven subcritical systems. While critical fission reactors can produce high neutron fluxes to destroy actinides and select fission products, the effectiveness of the destruction is limited by the criticality requirement. Furthermore, a substantial amount of excess reactivity would have to be supplied initially and compensated for by control poisons. To overcome these intrinsic limitations, we searched for solutions in subcritical systems freed from the criticality requirement by taking advantage of the recent breakthroughs in accelerator technology and the release of liquid lead/bismuth nuclear coolant technology from Russia. The effort led to the selection of an accelerator-driven subcritical system that results in the destruction of the actinides and fission products of concern as well as permitting easy operational control through the external control of the neutron source.
Adiponectin and Leptin Concentrations May Aid in Discriminating Disease Forms in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes (2004)

In pediatric diabetes, where diagnosis of disease is often difficult, these studies suggest that the adiponectin-to-leptin ratio may provide additional help in the discrimination between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
A Small Diameter Standing Wave Linear Accelerator Structure (1985)

A compact, small diameter, standing-wave linear accelerator structure suitable for industrial and medical applications is presented. The novel structure utilizes a new type of coaxial cavity as the coupling cavity for π/2 mode, standing-wave operation. This structure offers a significant reduction in overall diameter over the side-coupled, annular ring, and existing coaxial coupled structures, while maintaining a high shunt impedance and large nearest neighbor coupling (high group velocity). A prototype 4 MeV, 36 cm long, S-band accelerator incorporating the new structure has been built and tested. Theoretical accelerator design parameters, as well as experimental results, are presented.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pathogenic Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus from Salivary Gland Homogenates of Infected Animals (2013)

The sequence of guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) was determined by direct sequencing of salivary gland homogenates obtained following sustained, serial in vivo passage of pathogenic virus in guinea pigs. The 233,501-nucleotide salivary gland (SG) genome was noted to have 11 differences compared to the tissue culture-passaged virus, although no variations were noted in putative protein coding sequences.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-(2-deoxy-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-(methylmercapto)-2-pyrimidinone (1981)

1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-(methylmercapto)-2-pyrimidinone (1b) was synthesized via modification of the silyl method. 1b inhibits the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (98%) and type 2 (97%) at a concentration which is nontoxic to human HeLa cells. The compound shows 50 times greater binding affinity (lower Ki) to the virus-specific thymidine kinase than to the thymidine kinase of uninfected HeLa cells.
Learning autonomous vehicle passengers’ preferred driving styles using g-g plots and haptic feedback (2019)

In this work, we present and experimentally test a framework for learning an autonomous vehicle passenger's preferred driving style. The study is performed with N = 3 human subjects in a vehicle simulator that consists of a 3-DOF motion simulator, providing feelings of longitudinal and lateral acceleration to the passenger, an automatically controlled steering wheel, providing information about the steering controller behavior, and a computer monitor, providing a virtual rendering of the view through the windshield. The vehicle controller is designed to track speeds while satisfying limits on the maximum allowable longitudinal and lateral accelerations. These accelerations are related to the passenger's preferences and are represented as a surface on a g-g plot. The passenger's preferences are learned from comfort labels provided by the passenger, which correspond to positive and negative assessments of the vehicle's current driving behavior. In the framework that we present, these labels directly change the corresponding parametrization of the g-g plot, thereby modifying the limiting constraints to be enforced by the controller on-line, which leads to a change in the behavior of the vehicle. The collected data supports the hypothesis that there is a personalized driving style preference, and also shows that our proposed preference-learning scheme converges to a preferred driving style.
Development of a Water Hydraulic Servovalve. (1998)

An electrohydraulic servovalve that uses fresh water as a pressure medium (water hydraulic servovalve) is developed. conventional electrohydraulic servovalve cannot be operated with such a hostile fluid. In this paper, we explain the structure and functions of components, and the relationship between them, as well as the developmental procedure of the water hydraulic servovalve. The basic idea for the servovalve is to support the spool of the valve with hydrostatic bearings and to lead the water from the bearings to the flapper-nozzle system. The hydrostatic bearings constitute a laminar restriction that takes the place of the turbulent restriction in the conventional flapper-nozzle system. We also explain the design procedure of the hydrostatic bearing in the valve and the relationship between electromagnetic elements and fluidic elements. The water hydraulic servovalves fabricated show good characteristics of smooth motion, endurance and controllability, as well as good dynamic characteristics.
A Ray-Based Haptic Rendering Technique for Displaying Shape and Texture of 3D Objects in Virtual Environments (1997)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new ray-based haptic rendering method for displaying 3D objects in virtual environments. We have developed a set of software algorithms that work with a force reflecting haptic interface and enable the user to touch and feel arbitrary 3D polyhedral virtual objects. Using the interface device and the suggested model, the user feels as if exploring the shape and surface details of objects such as textures. The components of the model include a hierarchical database for storing geometrical and material properties of objects, collision detection algorithms, a simple mechanistic model for computing the forces of interaction between the 3D virtual objects and the force-reflecting device, and a haptic filtering technique for simulating surface details of objects such as smoothness and texture. The developed algorithms together with a haptic interface device have several applications in areas such as medicine, education, computer animation, teleoperation, entertainment, and rehabilitation.
Data-driven validation, completion and construction of event relationship networks (2003)

Event management is a focal point in building and maintaining high quality information infrastructures. We have witnessed the shift of the paradigm of event management in practice from root cause analysis (RCA) to action-oriented analysis (AOA). IBM has developed a pioneer event management methodology (EMD) based on the AOA paradigm and applied it to more than two hundred production sites with success. Foreseeably, more and more event management professionals will apply AOA in different incarnations in building proactive management facilities. By that, building correct and effective Event Relationship Networks (ERNs) becomes the dominating activity in AOA service design process. Currently, the quality of ERNs and the cost of building them largely depend on the knowledge of domain experts. We believe that we can utilize historical event logs in shortening the ERNs design process and perfecting the quality of ERNs. In this paper, we describe in detail how to apply this data-driven approach in ERN validation, completion and construction.
Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of a Selective Endothelin A Receptor (ETA) Antagonist (2001)

[structure: see text]. A practical, chromotography-free asymmetric synthesis was developed for the large scale preparation of an endothelin receptor antagonist 2. This synthesis includes a new efficient process for the preparation of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, a stereoselective conjugate addition of an aryllithium followed by stereospecific addition of the Grignard reagent of the top aryl bromide, and an aminophosphate-mediated sterospecific intramolecular enolate alkylation, which led to the formation of the five-membered ring bearing three contiguous asymmetric centers.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Organic Azides. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Utilizing the BitTorrent DHT for blind rendezvous and information exchange (2015)

This paper introduces a moving target blind rendezvous system leveraging the BitTorrent Distributed Hash Table (DHT) to securely locate other nodes in a distributed system and to exchange information without a single point of failure. We leverage cryptographic constructions such as Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange and secure hashing functions, as well as the immense size of the BitTorrent DHT swarm to build this secure system. We require a minimal amount of pre-shared information and additionally allow that pre-shared information to be publicly available in the form of public keys. Our goal in this work is to provide a means of secure information dissemination that improves the capability of privacy focused and censorship avoidance systems.
Rare-earth flextensional transducer (1984)

The grain-oriented rare-earth iron alloy, Trefonol D (Tb0.3 Dy0.7 Fe1.95), exhibits exceptionally high magnetostrictive strain capability. Using the flextensional shell to couple the rare-earth rod motion to the water medium, very high acoustic source levels may be achieved compared to a piezoelectric driven flextensional transducer. Also, due to the lower elastic modulus of Terfenol D, a smaller transducer results for a given frequency. A source level of 200 dB re: 1 μPa at 1 m was achieved at 1350 Hz for an experimental transducer having the shell dimensions of 6.8 in. × 6 in. × 3.1 in. Future flextensional transducers, using the rare earth alloy, will incorporate improvements that will reduce losses due to eddy currents and provide depth compensation.
NEMOx (2013)

Network MIMO (netMIMO) has potential for significantly enhancing the capacity of wireless networks with tight coordination of access points (APs) to serve multiple users concurrently. Existing schemes realize netMIMO by integrating distributed APs into one ``giant'' MIMO but do not scale well owing to their global synchronization requirement and overhead in sharing data between APs. To remedy this limitation, we propose a novel system, NEMOx, that realizes netMIMO downlink transmission for large-scale wireless networks. NEMOx organizes a network into practical-size clusters, each containing multiple distributed APs (dAPs) that opportunistically synchronize with each other for netMIMO downlink transmission. Inter-cluster interference is managed with a decentralized channel-access algorithm, which is designed to balance between the dAPs' cooperation gain and spatial reuse---a unique tradeoff in netMIMO. Within each cluster, NEMOx optimizes the power budgeting among dAPs and the set of users to serve, ensuring fairness and effective cancellation of cross-talk interference. We have implemented and evaluated a prototype of NEMOx in a software radio testbed, demonstrating its throughput scalability and multiple folds of performance gain over current wireless LAN architecture and alternative netMIMO schemes.
Study of the fluorescence properties of normal and neoplastic human cervical tissue (1993)

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were obtained in vitro for 18 cervical biopsies from 10 patients. At all excitation emission maxima, but especially at 330 nm excitation, 385 nm emission, the average normalized fluorescence intensity of histologically normal tissue is greater statistically than that of histologically abnormal tissue. A diagnostic algorithm based on the relative intensity at 330 nm excitation, 385 nm emission can differentiate histologically normal and abnormal biopsies with a higher sensitivity (89%), but a lower positive predictive value (67%) and specificity (44%) than colposcopy (78%, 88%, 89%, respectively). However, paired comparison of histologically normal and abnormal biopsies from the same patient results in a sensitivity of 75%, positive predictive value of 86% and specificity of 88% for spectroscopic identification of histologic abnormality similar to that of colposcopy. This pilot study indicates that fluorescence spectroscopy may be useful in differentiating normal and abnormal tissue; based on these results, a strategy for in vivo studies is discussed.
Heliothis spp.:1 Disruption of Pheromonal Communication with (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol Formate2 (1975)

Journal Article Heliothis spp.: Disruption of Pheromonal Communication with (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol Formate Get access Everett R. Mitchell, Everett R. Mitchell Agricultural Research Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Jacobson, Martin Jacobson Agricultural Research Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. H. Baumhover A. H. Baumhover Agricultural Research Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 4, Issue 4, 1 August 1975, Pages 577–579, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/4.4.577 Published: 01 August 1975 Article history Received: 30 January 1975 Published: 01 August 1975
Field emission from heavily phosphorus-doped homoepitaxial diamond (2006)

Field emission characteristics of heavily phosphorus doped homoepitaxial diamond (111) after H-plasma treatment and wet chemical oxidization are discussed. Although H-terminated surface has a negative electron affinity (NEA), higher threshold voltage have to be applied compared to wet chemical oxidized surface with a positive electron affinity (PEA). From field emission results and surface characterizations, we conclude that a surface electric field is present which prevents electrons in the bulk of diamond to reach the vacuum level.
Distributed quantum dot sensors for monitoring the integrity of protective aerospace coatings (2012)

The development of a non-destructive health-monitoring system for painted metal structures is being pursued. The system is based on sensing the fluorescence emission intensity of quantum dot particles that have been distributed throughout protective aerospace coatings. The quantum dots serve as distributed sensors that can provide localized information on the corrosive conditions that exist within the paint film. Consequently this provides an early indication of several key aspects, which include: the quality of film application; the in-service loss of corrosion inhibitor; and the mechanisms of failure. In this paper we present the successful distribution of CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles into a commercial chromate-inhibited aerospace primer and demonstrate a correlation between available levels of hexavalent chromium corrosion inhibitor and quantum dot photoluminescence during accelerated corrosion testing. The development of a non-destructive inspection device utilizing a microchannel gated intensifying camera is in progress. Finally, we discuss the limitations of available quantum dot materials and provide a vision for non-destructive corrosion inspection in metal structures.
Antibiotic Disk Susceptibility Tests with <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (1974)

We have used a standardized disk diffusion procedure to test the susceptibility of 892 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to six antibiotics. The disk diffusion test described is a modification of the disk test of Bauer, Kirby, Sherris, and Turck, which is widely used for susceptibility testing of fast-growing, aerobic pathogens. With all six antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and cephaloridine), disk test results were found to be reproducible and correlated well with the minimal inhibitory concentration as determined by an agar dilution procedure. The coefficients of correlation ranged from -0.79 with cephaloridine to -0.93 with penicillin. The technique described for disk susceptibility testing of gonococci can be used both for research and clinical purposes.
Paired comparison of the in vivo and in vitro results of storage of platelet concentrates in two containers (1984)

Both in vitro and in vivo methods are used to test the validity of techniques for storing platelet concentrates for transfusion. In this study, the characteristics of platelet concentrates stored for 5 days at 22 degrees C in two different containers were evaluated by paired comparison using two in vitro measurements and two in vivo measurements. On two occasions, 10 normal subjects donated concentrates that were stored in containers of either the CLX system or the PL-146 system. The first plastic used was chosen at random. If necessary, a concentrate platelet count was reduced to 1,200,000 per microliters by addition of plasma to avoid pH fall. Mean recoveries were 48.2 +/- 10.6 percent (mean +/- 1 SD) and 42.4 +/- 7.8 percent for platelets stored in containers of the CLX and PL-146 systems, respectively. Similarly, survivals (T 1/2 in days) were 3.4 +/- 0.8 and 3.0 +/- 0.7, respectively. Since a paired design was used, the superiority of the CLX system was demonstrable with a one-tailed paired t test. If a paired design had not been used, a pooled t test would have been appropriate and the differences would not have been significant. This result emphasizes the value of the paired design. Furthermore, two in vitro measurements that reflect platelet morphology, dispersion of the size distribution and extent of shape change with adenosine diphosphate, were superior for platelets stored in CLX containers as well, suggesting a relationship between these measurements and in vivo viability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Control of sequential fluid delivery in a fully autonomous capillary microfluidic device (2012)

Microfluidics and miniaturization of biosensors are fundamental for the development of point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic and analytical tools with the potential of decreasing reagent consumption and time of analysis while increasing portability. However, interfacing microfluidics with fluid control systems is still a limiting factor in practical implementation. We demonstrate an innovative capillary microfluidic design that allows sequential insertion of controlled volumes of liquids into a microfluidic channel with general applicability. The system requires only the placing of liquids at the corresponding inlets. Subsequently, the different solutions flow inside the microfluidic device sequentially and autonomously without the use of valves using integrated capillary pumps. The capillary microfluidic system is demonstrated with a model immunoassay.
Abstract 3946: Secretory ANXA3 endows liver cancer cells with tumorigenic and self-renewal abilities and promotes HCC development (2015)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of mortality in Southeast Asia and in Hong Kong. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of advanced HCC patients remains dismal. Contemporary challenge in treating HCC has been the common chemotherapy resistance and recurrence after therapy.Therefore, the identification of valid targets and the development of new therapies are urgently needed for more effective clinical management of this deadly disease. We found secretory annexin A3 (ANXA3) to be up-regulated in HCC cell lines, compared with immortalized normal liver cell line MIHA. Clinically, secretory ANXA3 levels in the serum were found to be progressively elevated from non-HCC individuals to early and advanced HCC patients, with up-regulation of serum ANXA3 to be tightly associated with gender, number of tumor nodules, tumor sizes and tumor stages. More importantly, the diagnostic value of secretory ANXA3, as evident by ROC analysis, was found to be more superior to the commonly used biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Subsequent functional studies found secretory ANXA3 to promote cancer and stem cell-like properties of HCC cells. Co-culture of conditioned medium from ANXA3-overexpressing cells with ANXA3-absent HCC cells potentiated the abilities of HCC cells to migrate, invade, self-renew, induce tube formation in endothelial cells, and resist apoptosis induced by staurosporine and chemotherapy. The in vivo tumor-initiating capacity was also significantly enhanced in HCC cells when co-cultured with ANXA3-containing conditioned medium compared with conditioned medium from cells transfected with empty vector control. Similar functional properties were also observed when MIHA cells were treated with recombinant ANXA3 proteins. In an effort to characterize the molecular mechanism by which ANXA3 drives cancer and stem cell-like properties in HCC, cDNA microarray profiling was performed to compare the gene expression between ANXA3-depleted and control cells. Pathway enrichment analysis found many of the deregulated genes to be closely associated with the JNK/AP-1 signaling cascade. Activation of JNK pathway was detected when cells were treated with recombinant ANXA3 proteins or ANXA3-containing conditioned medium. Collectively, our findings suggest that secretory ANXA3 plays pivotal roles in promoting tumor initiation, growth and chemoresistance through the activation of JNK signaling pathway in HCC. Citation Format: Man Tong, Stephanie Ma. Secretory ANXA3 endows liver cancer cells with tumorigenic and self-renewal abilities and promotes HCC development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3946. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3946