gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional characterization of osteogenic growth peptide from human serum: identity with rat and mouse homologs. (1995)

The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) was recently characterized in regenerating bone marrow. In experimental animals, OGP increases osteogenesis. Immunoreactive OGP (irOGP) in high abundance was demonstrated in normal animal serum mainly as an OGP-OGP-binding protein (OGPBP) complex. Here we show the presence of an OGP-OGPBP system in normal human serum. The total irOGP content, of which the bound peptide comprises at least 80-90%, ranged from 480-4460 mumol/L, several orders of magnitude higher than that of other regulatory polypeptides. The steady state/total irOGP ratio declined between 23 and 49 yr of age. The bound irOGP, purified by boiling, ultrafiltration, and hydrophobic high pressure liquid chromatography, was identical to OGP obtained previously from rat regenerating marrow and mouse stromal cell cultures in terms of its amino acid sequence, immunoreactivity, and mitogenicity. These data demonstrate the usefulness of our immunoassay to measure circulating OGP. More importantly, the identity of the human OGP with that of other species indicates the peptide's evolutionary conservation and, thus, its biological importance. The natural occurrence of OGP in man signifies its potential role in the prevention of bone loss and rescue of bone mass, especially in osteoporosis.
Engine independence for logical analytic flows (2014)

A complex analytic flow in a modern enterprise may perform multiple, logically independent, tasks where each task uses a different processing engine. We term these multi-engine flows hybrid flows. Using multiple processing engines has advantages such as rapid deployment, better performance, lower cost, and so on. However, as the number and variety of these engines grows, developing and maintaining hybrid flows is a significant challenge because they are specified at a physical level and, so are hard to design and may break as the infrastructure evolves. We address this problem by enabling flow design at a logical level and automatic translation to physical flows. There are three main challenges. First, we describe how flows can be represented at a logical level, abstracting away details of any underlying processing engine. Second, we show how a physical flow, expressed in a programming language or some design GUI, can be imported and converted to a logical flow. In particular, we show how a hybrid flow comprising subflows in different languages can be imported and composed as a single, logical flow for subsequent manipulation. Third, we describe how a logical flow is translated into one or more physical flows for execution by the processing engines. The paper concludes with experimental results and example transformations that demonstrate the correctness and utility of our system.
Implementing an Append-Only Interface for Semiconductor Storage (2010)

Solid-state disks are currently based on NAND flash and expose a standard disk interface. To accommodate limitations of the medium, solid-state disk implementations avoid rewriting data in place, instead exposing a logical remapping of the physical storage. We present an alternative way to use flash storage, where an append interface is exposed directly to software. We motivate how an append interface could be used by a database system. We describe bit rot and space reclamation in direct-attached logstructured storage and give details of how to implement the interface in a custom controller. We then show how to make append operations idempotent, including how to create a fuzzy pointer to a page that has not yet been appended (and therefore whose address is not yet known), how to detect holes in the append sequence, and how to scale out read operations. 1 The Case for a Log-Structured Database Most database systems store data persistently in two representations, a database and a log. These representations are based in large part on the behavior of hard disk drives, namely, that they are much faster at reading and writing pages sequentially than reading and writing them randomly. The database stores related pages contiguously so they can be read quickly to process a query. Writes are written sequentially to the log in the order they execute
Evolution of Graphene Growth on Ni and Cu by Carbon Isotope Labeling (2009)

Large-area graphene growth is required for the development and production of electronic devices. Recently, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of hydrocarbons has shown some promise in growing large-area graphene or few-layer graphene films on metal substrates such as Ni and Cu. It has been proposed that CVD growth of graphene on Ni occurs by a C segregation or precipitation process whereas graphene on Cu grows by a surface adsorption process. Here we used carbon isotope labeling in conjunction with Raman spectroscopic mapping to track carbon during the growth process. The data clearly show that at high temperatures sequentially introduced isotopic carbon diffuses into the Ni first, mixes, and then segregates and precipitates at the surface of Ni forming graphene and/or graphite with a uniform mixture of (12)C and (13)C as determined by the peak position of the Raman G-band peak. On the other hand, graphene growth on Cu is clearly by surface adsorption where the spatial distribution of (12)C and (13)C follows the precursor time sequence and the linear growth rate ranges from about 1 to as high as 6 mum/min depending upon Cu grain orientation. This data is critical in guiding the graphene growth process as we try to achieve the highest quality graphene for electronic devices.
Antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic media layers for thermally stable high-density recording (2000)

We describe a magnetic recording media composed of antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) magnetic recording layers as an approach to extend areal densities of longitudinal media beyond the predicted superparamagnetic limit. The recording medium is made up of two ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic layer whose thickness is tuned to couple the layers antiferromagnetically. For such a structure, the effective areal moment density (Mrt) of the composite structure is the difference between the ferromagnetic layers allowing the effective magnetic thickness to scale independently of the physical thickness of the media. Experimental realizations of AFC media demonstrate that thermally stable, low-Mrt media suitable for high-density recording can be achieved.
Active tissue factor and activated factor XI in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events (2011)

Circulating active TF and FXIa occur frequently in acute cerebrovascular ischemic events. Active FXIa in plasma might be useful as a novel risk marker of worse functional outcomes in patients with acute cerebrovascular events.
Concept And Design Of An Integrated Wavelength Demultiplexer (1984)

Design of a hybrid integrated optical/bulk device that spatially separates wavelength multiplexed channels on a ferroelectric substrate is discussed. Parameter optimization yields a 2 millimeter long structure with 50 channels at crosstalk below 60 db and with 0.2% wavelength resolution. It is well understood that development of optoelectronic systems that combine optical and electronic signal processing functions on a single substrate can serve to advance optical communications technology. Recent work demonstrating photodetection in laser recrystallized silicon films on ferroelectric substrates represents a potential contribution to that development. In this paper we discuss characteristics of a demultiplexer that is designed for integration on a ferroelectric substrate as one of several coplanar signal processing devices in an optical wavelength encoded multiple channel communication system. Related though different devices have been previously studied. We have analyzed the properties of the structure shown in Figure 1 for the demultiplexer application. The device consists of a tapered diffused waveguide with a chirped grating that produces radiation out of the plane of the waveguide and into the substrate. The grating period and chirp rate are selected so that the emerging beams focus on either the crystal face opposite the grating or on the same face as the grating. Reflection from the opposite surface is required for the latter case. The chirped grating serves to focus the beams and to spatially disperse beams of different wavelength. Aspects of the design are dictated by fabrication considerations for the silicon detectors that are shown in the figure.
Modulation of Hsp90 function by ansamycins sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in an RB- and schedule-dependent manner. See: E. A. Sausville, Combining cytotoxics and 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin: sequence and tumor biology matters, Clin. Cancer Res., 7: 2155-2158, 2001. (2001)

17-allyl-aminogeldanamycin (17-AAG) is an ansamycin antibiotic that binds to a highly conserved pocket in the Hsp90 chaperone protein and inhibits its function. Hsp90 is required for the refolding of proteins during cellular stress and the conformational maturation of certain signaling proteins. 17-AAG has antitumor activity in cell culture and animal xenograft models and is currently in clinical trial. It causes an RB-dependent G(1) arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. RB-negative cells arrest in mitosis and undergo apoptosis. Hsp90 plays an important role in the cellular response to environmental stress. Therefore, we tested whether the regulation of Hsp90 function by 17-AAG could sensitize cells to cytotoxic agents. 17-AAG sensitized tumor cells to Taxol and doxorubicin. Taxanes cause growth arrest in mitosis and apoptosis. The addition of 17-AAG to cells after exposure to Taxol significantly increased both the activation of caspases 9 and 3 and apoptosis. In cells with intact RB, exposure to 17-AAG before Taxol resulted in G(1) arrest and abrogated apoptosis. Schedule dependence was not seen in cells with mutated RB, because both agents blocked cells in mitosis. Schedule- or RB-dependence was also not observed when cells were treated with 17-AAG and doxorubicin, a DNA-intercalating agent that acts on different phases of the cell cycle. These findings suggest that inhibition of Hsp90 function by 17-AAG enhances the apoptotic effects of cytotoxic agents. The sequence of drug administration and the RB status significantly influence efficacy.
Accelerating Clinical Trial Documentation Through Human Aided Medical Writing Automation System (2019)

Medical Writing Automation is needed for speeding up the process of new drug development and reducing the costs involved in creating and updating required documents. This paper presents a system that focuses on automating many critical Medical Writing Documents. Proposed System will not be a replacement of Medical Writers, but will help medical writers in speeding up the process of preparation and update of many critical clinical trial and scientific writing related documents with ease, faster and with requisite quality that comply with regulations. Proposed system will minimally involve domain expert for validation and update of output documents.
An adaptable task-oriented dialog system for stand-alone embedded devices (2019)

Long Duong, Vu Cong Duy Hoang, Tuyen Quang Pham, Yu-Heng Hong, Vladislavs Dovgalecs, Guy Bashkansky, Jason Black, Andrew Bleeker, Serge Le Huitouze, Mark Johnson. Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations. 2019.
Age Invariant Face Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Set Distances (2017)

Biometric security systems based on facial characteristics face a challenging task due to variability in the intrapersonal facial appearance of subjects traced to factors such as pose, illumination, expression and aging. This paper innovates as it proposes a deep learning and set-based approach to face recognition subject to aging. The images for each subject taken at various times are treated as a single set, which is then compared to sets of images belonging to other subjects. Facial features are extracted using a convolutional neural network characteristic of deep learning. Our experimental results show that set-based recognition performs better than the singleton-based approach for both face identification and face verification. We also find that by using set-based recognition, it is easier to recognize older subjects from younger ones rather than younger subjects from older ones.
Cosine (2021)

We present a self-designing key-value storage engine, Cosine, which can always take the shape of the close to "perfect" engine architecture given an input workload, a cloud budget, a target performance, and required cloud SLAs. By identifying and formalizing the first principles of storage engine layouts and core key-value algorithms, Cosine constructs a massive design space comprising of sextillion (10 36 ) possible storage engine designs over a diverse space of hardware and cloud pricing policies for three cloud providers - AWS, GCP, and Azure. Cosine spans across diverse designs such as Log-Structured Merge-trees, B-trees, Log-Structured Hash-tables, in-memory accelerators for filters and indexes as well as trillions of hybrid designs that do not appear in the literature or industry but emerge as valid combinations of the above. Cosine includes a unified distribution-aware I/O model and a learned concurrency-aware CPU model that with high accuracy can calculate the performance and cloud cost of any possible design on any workload and virtual machines. Cosine can then search through that space in a matter of seconds to find the best design and materializes the actual code of the resulting storage engine design using a templated Rust implementation. We demonstrate that on average Cosine outperforms state-of-the-art storage engines such as write-optimized RocksDB, read-optimized WiredTiger, and very write-optimized FASTER by 53x, 25x, and 20x, respectively, for diverse workloads, data sizes, and cloud budgets across all YCSB core workloads and many variants.
Scintimammography: the new role of technetium-99m Sestamibi imaging for the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. (1997)

Technetium-99-Sestamibi scintimammography has emerged as a new procedure for the imaging of breast tumors. Currently, a large clinical experience has been developed and the results published. At the present time, the major drawback of this procedure appears to be its low sensitivity for the detection of breast carcinomas smaller than 1 cm in diameter. There are other biologic and technical issues that remain to be overcome to optimally image the breasts. Some of these include: development of a dedicated breast imager using nuclear medicine techniques, development of stereotactic needle localization of the abnormalities that demonstrate focal increase uptake in women with normal mammogram and breast physical examination, manufacturing of a breast compression device so that we can immobilize the breast in place for more adequate imaging, overcoming the issue of unilateral or bilateral diffuse breast uptake that is noted in 7-10 percent of the cases and finally, determination of optimal dose and imaging factors. This review includes our experience at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center with the use of this agent for breast imaging since 1992.
A novel process for manufacture of methanol. Progress report, March 1--May 31, 1990 (1990)

A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. During the last quarter, the effect of operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, feed H{sub 2}/CO ratio and feed flow rate on the MeOH synthesis rate were investigated. The specific rate of MeOH synthesis was found to vary with gas feed rate -- an unexpected result. It is proposed that this is due to the presence of small amounts of an inhibiting agent which accumulates in the liquid at low flow rates. Work also continued on the modification of the experimental equipment to permit on-line monitoring of liquid and gas compositions.
Low-frequency digital lock-in amplifier (1985)

A digital lock-in amplifier which simultaneously measures in phase and in quadrature components at a reference frequency and at twice this frequency is described. It is drift free, insensitive to harmonics, has a very high gain stability (25 ppm/K), and operates up to 1250 Hz with no limitations on the low-frequency side.
A Method for Detecting Circulating Tumor Cells Based on the Measurement of Single‐Cell Metabolism in Droplet‐Based Microfluidics (2016)

The number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood is strongly correlated with the progress of metastatic cancer. Current methods to detect CTCs are based on immunostaining or discrimination of physical properties. Herein, a label-free method is presented exploiting the abnormal metabolic behavior of cancer cells. A single-cell analysis technique is used to measure the secretion of acid from individual living tumor cells compartmentalized in microfluidically prepared, monodisperse, picoliter (pL) droplets. As few as 10 tumor cells can be detected in a background of 200 000 white blood cells and proof-of-concept data is shown on the detection of CTCs in the blood of metastatic patients.
Anisotropic metamaterial realization of a flat gain-enhancing lens for antenna applications (2011)

A metamaterial design is presented that implements a far-field collimating lens for microwave antenna gain enhancement applications. Using a combination of dual-split ring resonators and end-loaded dipole meta-molecules, the bulk properties are shown to be a good approximation of a low-index uniaxial material with a z-oriented optical axis for both permittivity and permeability between 8 and 9 GHz. Full-wave simulations demonstrate that a large-area lens comprised of the designed unit cell and fed by a crossed-dipole successfully acts as a collimating lens with 6dB gain improvement over the same antenna without the meta-lens.
Optical polarization tractography revealed significant fiber disarray in skeletal muscles of a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2015)

Optical polarization tractography (OPT) was recently developed to visualize tissue fiber architecture with cellular-level resolution and accuracy. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using OPT to study muscle disease in the mdx4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The freshly dissected tibialis anterior muscles of mdx4cv and normal mice were imaged. A "fiber disarray index" (FDI) was developed to quantify the myofiber disorganization. In necrotic muscle regions of the mdx4cv mice, the FDI was significantly elevated and can be used to segment the 3D necrotic regions for assessing the overall muscle damage. These results demonstrated the OPT's capability for imaging microscopic fiber alternations in muscle research.
Protirelin (TRH) (1984)

The isolation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, protirelin) in 1969<sup>1,2</sup>allowed an initial definition of specific biochemical mechanisms by which the brain regulates the release of pituitary hormones. The neuroendocrine role of TRH (initiating the pituitary release of thyrotropin) still remains as the best resolved physiologic function of this tripeptide molecule.<sup>3</sup> See also p 1149. The name "thyrotropin-releasing hormone," reflecting this hypophysiotropic action, is perhaps overly restrictive in light of further discoveries during the last 15 years. It has been demonstrated that TRH and its receptors are widely distributed within the CNS and in peripheral organs, and that the numerous pharmacologic effects of this substance include potent actions on autonomic, somatic, and behavioral systems.<sup>3-5</sup>These properties of TRH are independent of its pituitary-thyroid involvement and seem to indicate that TRH has more universal functions as a neuromodulator. The pharmacologic use of TRH may therefore prove to have great
Lift Control Using MEMS-Based Moving Trailing-Edge Tabs (2002)

Micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) translational tabs are introduced for active lift control on aircraft. These tabs are mounted near the trailing edge of lifting surfaces such as aircraft wings and tails, deploy approximately normal to the surface, and have a maximum deployment height on the order of one percent of the section chord. Deployment of the tab effectively changes the sectional camber, thereby changing the aerodynamic characteristics of a lifting surface. Tabs with said deployment height generate a change in the section lift coefficient of approximately ±0.3. The microtab design and the techniques used to fabricate and test the tabs are presented.
Effect of ploidy, recruitment, environmental factors, and tamoxifen treatment on the expression of sigma-2 receptors in proliferating and quiescent tumour cells (1999)

Recently, we demonstrated that sigma-2 receptors may have the potential to be a biomarker of tumour cell proliferation (Mach et al (1997) Cancer Res 57: 156-161). If sigma-2 receptors were a biomarker of tumour cell proliferation, they would be amenable to detection by non-invasive imaging procedures, thus eliminating many of the problems associated with the flow cytometric measures of tumour cell proliferation presently used in the clinic. To be a good biomarker of tumour cell proliferation, the expression of sigma-2 receptors must be essentially independent of many of the biological, physiological, and/or environmental properties that are found in solid tumours. In the investigation reported here, the mouse mammary adenocarcinoma lines, 66 (diploid) and 67 (aneuploid), 9L rat brain tumour cells, and MCF-7 human breast tumour cells were used to study the extent and kinetics of expression of sigma-2 receptors in proliferative (P) and quiescent (Q) tumour cells as a function of species, cell type, ploidy, pH, nutrient depletion, metabolic state, recruitment from the Q-cell compartment to the P-cell compartment, and treatment with tamoxifen. In these experiments, the expression of sigma-2 receptors solely reflected the proliferative status of the tumour cells. None of the biological, physiological, or environmental properties that were investigated had a measurable effect on the expression of sigma-2 receptors in these model systems. Consequently, these data suggest that the proliferative status of tumours and normal tissues can be non-invasively assessed using radiolabelled ligands that selectively bind sigma-2 receptors.
Pseudorabies virus gIII and bovine herpesvirus 1 gIII share complementary functions (1991)

The gIII glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) and of pseudorabies virus (PRV) are structurally homologous. Both proteins also play preeminent roles in mediating virus attachment to permissive cells. To directly compare the functional relation between these glycoproteins, we constructed a recombinant BHV-1 in which the BHV-1 gIII coding sequence was replaced by the PRV gene homolog. The resultant recombinant virus efficiently expressed PRV gIII and then incorporated it into its envelope. The levels of PRV gIII expression and incorporation were equivalent to those achieved by the wild-type virus for BHV-1 gIII. The recombinant virus was fully susceptible to neutralization by anti-PRV gIII neutralizing antibody. In addition, the virus attachment and penetration functions, as well as the virus replication efficiency, which were lost by deleting the BHV-1 gIII gene, were restored by expressing the PRV gIII homolog in its place. These results demonstrated that PRV gIII and BHV-1 gIII share complementary functions.
Progress against follicular lymphoma (2013)

Follicular lymphoma is a very common and still incurable form of lymphoma. However, recent genomic and in-vivo biological studies are beginning to unveil the molecular drivers of follicular lymphoma. This coincides with the development of effective small-molecule inhibitors against key targets. Together these developments suggest that we are at a long overdue watershed moment in the treatment of follicular lymphoma.