gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Killer Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells: The Synthetic Embodiment of a ‘Guided Missile‘ (2010)

At present, the treatment of T-cell-dependent autoimmune diseases relies exclusively on strategies leading to nonspecific suppression of the immune systems causing a substantial reduced ability to control concomitant infections or malignancies. Furthermore, long-term treatment with most drugs is accompanied by several serious adverse effects and does not consequently result in cure of the primary immunological malfunction. By contrast, antigen-specific immunotherapy offers the potential to achieve the highest therapeutic efficiency in accordance with minimal adverse effects. Therefore, several studies have been performed utilizing antigen-presenting cells specifically engineered to deplete allo- or antigen-specific T cells ('guided missiles'). Many of these strategies take advantage of the Fas/Fas ligand signaling pathway to efficiently induce antigen-presenting cell-mediated apoptosis in targeted T cells. In this article, we discuss the advantages and shortcomings of a novel non-cell-based 'killer artificial antigen-presenting cell' strategy, developed to overcome obstacles related to current cell-based approaches for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmunity.
Pedestrian detection and tracking with night vision (2003)

This paper presents a method for pedestrian detection and tracking using a night vision video camera installed on the vehicle. To deal with the nonrigid nature of human appearance on the road, a two-step detection/tracking method is proposed. The detection phase is performed by a support vector machine (SVM) with size-normalized pedestrian candidates and the tracking phase is a combination of Kalman filter prediction and mean shift tracking. The detection phase is further strengthened by information obtained by a road detection module that provides key information for pedestrian validation. Experimental comparisons have been carried out on gray-scale SVM recognition vs. binary SVM recognition and entire body detection vs. upper body detection.
An Approach to Eliminate Initializing Process from Manufacturing of Phase Change Optical Recording Media. (2001)

A new method of eliminating the initializing process from phase change recording media production has been proposed. The process is based on the use of krypton instead of argon for the deposition of GeSbTe recording film. By this method the kinetic energy of sputtered atoms can be reduced by collisions with gas atoms. Fairly good recording performance was demonstrated on a non-initialized disc based on the DVD-RAM ver.2.0 format.
Human T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Virus: The Retrovirus of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (1983)

Human T (thymus-derived)-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) is a new retrovirus first isolated from T-cell lines from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma from the southeastern United States. Closely related viruses have since been isolated from several patients with adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma (and some normal persons) from different areas of the world. HTLV is not a genetically transmitted endogenous virus of humans, but it rather is acquired by postzygotic infection. Natural antibodies to several purified viral proteins have been observed in infected individuals. HTLV is transmissible in vitro to human cord blood T cells, and infection results in an increased growth rate, a reduced requirement for (and often independence from) T-cell growth factor, and an abrogation of the crisis period that usually occurs a month after the establishment of normal T-cell cultures. These data suggest that HTLV is the etiologic agent in some human cases of leukemia and lymphoma.
Dual-Mode Wideband Speech Compression (2007)

Many bandwidth extension techniques attempt to predict the high-band frequencies based on features extracted from the lower band. Recent work suggests that such methods are limiting because the correlation between the low band and the high band is insufficient for adequate representation. As a result, additional high-band information must be sent to the decoder. In this paper, we propose a dual mode wideband speech coding algorithm based on the principles of bandwidth extension. The principal contributions include a mode selection algorithm based on greedy algorithm that maximizes the loudness criteria, and a bandwidth extension algorithm based on a constrained MMSE estimator. Results reveal that the proposed system improves the quality of narrowband speech while performing at a lower bit rate.
MIDTAL (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Mi</span>croarrays for the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">D</span>etection of Toxic <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Al</span>gae) (2013)

Microalgae in marine and brackish waters of Europe regularly cause harmful effects, considered from the human perspective, in that they cause economic damage to fisheries and tourism. Cyanobacteria cause similar problems in freshwaters. These episodes encompass a broad range of phenomena collectively referred to as harmful algal blooms (HABs). For adequate management of these phenomena, monitoring of microalgae is required. However, present day monitoring is time consuming and based on morphology as determined by light microscopy, which may be insufficient to give definitive species and toxin attribution. In the European Union (EU) FP7 project MIDTAL (microarrays for the detection of toxic algae), we will first target rapid species identification using rRNA genes. The variable regions of the rRNA genes can be used for probe design to recognize species or even strains. Second, a toxin based microarray will be developed that includes antibody reactions to specific toxins produced by these microalgae because even when cell numbers are low, toxins can be present and can accumulate in the shellfish. Microarrays are the state of the art technology in molecular biology for the processing of bulk samples for detection of target RNA/DNA sequence. Existing rRNA probes and antibodies for toxic algal species/strains and their toxins will be adapted and optimized for microarray use. The purpose of MIDTAL is to support the common fisheries policy and to aid the national monitoring agencies by providing new rapid tools for the identification of toxic algae and their toxins so they can comply with EU directive 91/1491/CEE to monitor for toxic algae, and reduce the need for the mouse bioassay.
Synthesis of an olefinic sterol derivative for use as a membrane probe (1985)

J. Drew, G. Gowda, P. Morand, P. Proulx, A. G. Szabo and D. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 901 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000901
Picosecond optical electronics: new approaches to high speed electronics instrumentation (1982)

We shall review recent progress toward the development of a complete electronics instrumentation system for precision measurements of electronic devices and materials with picosecond resolution. This approach is based on use of new high speed photoconductivity materials in novel circuit configurations, which, when illuminated by picosecond optical pulses, can be used to generate and sample picosecond electrical impulses. The specifications of a typical system operating at 82 MHz are.
High performance, 64-chip, 160 Gchip/s fiber grating based OCDMA receiver incorporating a nonlinear optical loop mirror (2002)

We demonstrate a grating based 64-chip, 160 Gchip/s optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system incorporating a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) within the receiver to enhance the code recognition signature. Error-free, penalty-free operation is obtained with complete recovery of the original input pulse shape in a range of transmission experiments.
Improved 3D late gadolinium enhancement MRI for patients with arrhythmia or heart rate variability (2013)

Background Arrhythmia and heart rate variability have adverse effects on the image quality of Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE). Due to the incomplete recovery after an inversion pulse, changes in the RR-interval length induce a k-space weighting, which results in ghosting artifacts in the images. While the impact of heart-rate variability is less pronounced in 2D LGE due to short scan times (10-15 sec), it often results in non-diagnostic image quality in 3D LGE (scan time 6-10 min). Our aim is to develop a novel LGE imaging sequence for patients with heart rate variability or arrhythmia.
IgG subclass distribution of the rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies to citrullinated fibrin (2005)

In the rheumatoid synovium, deiminated ('citrullinated') forms of fibrin are the major targets of IgG autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA), the most specific serological markers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further the characterization of ACPA, we determined their subclass distribution. From a previously validated highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) onto in vitro deiminated human fibrinogen - antihuman fibrin(ogen) autoantibodies (AhFibA)-ELISA - we derived and calibrated four ELISAs, using monoclonal antibodies to each of the four IgG subclasses, to determine the proportions of AhFibA subclasses in the sera. A series of 186 serum samples from RA patients was analysed. All AhFibA-positive sera contained IgG1-AhFibA, which reached the highest titres and accounted for more than 80% of AhFibA in three-quarters of the sera. One or two other subclasses were associated with IgG1 in 39% of the sera, IgG4-AhFibA being observed much more frequently and at higher titres than IgG3- or IgG2-AhFibA. IgG1 alone or IgG(1 + 4)-AhFibA were the AhFibA subclass profiles found in more than 80% of patients. AhFibA are mainly IgG1 and, to a lesser extent, IgG4. Such IgG subclass profiles may influence the effector phases of the immunological conflict between ACPA and deiminated fibrin that takes place specifically in the rheumatoid synovium and therefore may play a critical role in the self-maintenance of rheumatoid inflammation.
Lipid-Modified Aminoglycoside Derivatives for In Vivo siRNA Delivery (2013)

Rationally designed siRNA delivery materials that are enabled by lipid-modified aminoglycosides are demonstrated. Leading materials identified are able to self-assemble with siRNA into well-defined nanoparticles and induce efficient gene knockdown both in vitro and in vivo. Histology studies and liver function tests reveal that no apparent toxicity is caused by these nanoparticles at doses over two orders of magnitude.
Optimization of Peptidomimetics as Selective Inhibitors for the β-Catenin/T-Cell Factor Protein–Protein Interaction (2019)

The β-catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf) protein-protein interaction (PPI) plays a critical role in the β-catenin signaling pathway which is hyperactivated in many cancers and fibroses. Based on compound 1, which was designed to target the Tcf4 G<sup>13</sup>ANDE<sup>17</sup> binding site of β-catenin, extensive structure-activity relationship studies have been conducted. As a result, compounds 53 and 57 were found to disrupt the β-catenin/Tcf PPI with the K<sub>i</sub> values of 0.64 and 0.44 μM, respectively, and exhibit good selectivity for β-catenin/Tcf over β-catenin/E-cadherin and β-catenin/adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) PPIs. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium (MTS) cell viability assays revealed that 56, the ethyl ester of 53, was more potent than 53 in inhibiting viability of most of the Wnt/β-catenin hyperactive cancer cells. Further cell-based studies indicated that 56 disrupted the β-catenin/Tcf PPI without affecting the β-catenin/E-cadherin and β-catenin/APC PPIs, suppressed transactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dose-dependent manners, and inhibited migration and invasiveness of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cancer cells.
Self-balanced Q- and gain-switched erbium all-fiber laser (2011)

We demonstrate a 980-nm CW-pumped fully passive pulsed all-Er3+ all-fiber laser, self-balancing between being Q- and gain-switched at S and L bands. The laser was passively Q-switched at 1510 nm with the saturable absorber in an intra-cavity gain-switched at 1570 nm. The time spacing between the Q- and gain-switched pulse peaks was steadily 0.92 or 2.75 μs depending on the absorber lengths. Sequential 1510-nm pulsing with a pulse energy of 3.8 μJ and a pulse width of 280 ns at a repetition rate of 1.7 kHz was achieved with a pump power of 175 mW.
A new test facility for black liquor evaporation (2005)

In the pulp and paper industry, the black liquor evaporation process is a large energy consumer. Black liquor is generated during the production of chemical pulp from wood or annual plants and its main constituents are dissolved wood (lignin), cooking chemicals and a large amount of process water. Research on the energy efficiency of the pulp and paper process has shown that heat integration of the evaporation with other parts of the process might considerably increase energy recovery and thus save significant amounts of live steam. The aim of our research is thus to develop basic experimental and theoretical knowledge about heat transfer during evaporation of black liquor under new conditions. To be able to obtain this knowledge a research evaporator has been built at Chalmers in cooperation with Kvaerner Power. The evaporator consists of one 4.5 m long vertical tube with a falling film of black liquor flowing on the outside. Heating is accomplished by condensing steam on the inside of the tube. To be able to measure heat flux locally, the evaporator tube is equipped with 18 pairs of thermocouples mounted at different positions both vertically and circumferentially. The paper will focus on the design of the temperature and heat flux measurement system, but will also include examples of measurement data obtained. Heat transfer coefficients from the experimental measurement are in the same range as the heat transfer coefficient calculated from the theoretical correlations from literature, however the measurement conditions in the initial tests have not been stable enough to reach acceptable accuracy levels.
Improving Performance of Effect-Cause Diagnosis with Minimal Memory Overhead (2007)

Effect-cause diagnosis procedures are the most commonly used in industry to diagnose VLSI circuits that fail manufacturing test or field applications. Fast and effective diagnosis procedures are essential to diagnose large numbers of failing dies for yield ramp-up. We have recently proposed a method to speed up effect-cause diagnosis procedures by using a dictionary of small size [26]. In this paper we propose methods to further reduce the dictionary size and still achieve higher performance. Experiments on several industrial designs demonstrate that, on average, effect-cause diagnosis procedures can be speeded up by 3.5X while requiring minimal memory overhead for a very small dictionary.
Adaptive radiofrequency hyperthermia-phased array system for improved cancer therapy: phantom target measurements (1994)

A computer-controlled adaptive radio-frequency hyperthermia system for improved therapeutic tumour heating is experimentally investigated. Adaptive array feedback techniques are used to modify the electric-field and temperature distribution in hyperthermia experiments with homogeneous and heterogeneous phantom targets. A commercial hyperthermia phased-array antenna system at the SUNY Health Science Center in Syracuse, New York, has been modified to implement adaptive nulling and adaptive focusing algorithms. The hyperthermia system is the BSD Medical Corporation Model BSD-2000 with Sigma-60 annular phased-array antenna applicator. The transmit phased array system is made adaptive by software modifications which invoke a gradient-search feedback algorithm. The gradient-search algorithm implements the method of steepest descent for adaptive nulling (power minimization) and the method of steepest ascent for adaptive focusing (power maximization). The feedback signals are provided by electric-field short-dipole probe antennas. With an adaptive hyperthermia array using real-time measured data, it may be possible to maximize the applied electric field at a tumour position in a complex scattering target body and simultaneously minimize or reduce the electric field at target positions where undesired high-temperature regions (hot spots) occur. The measured phantom-target data indicate that adaptive nulling can reduce the electric field at one or more target positions while simultaneously focusing the electric field at a deep-seated position within the target.
Segment 8 encodes a structural protein of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV); the co-linear transcript from Segment 7 probably encodes a non-structural or minor structural protein (2002)

In this study we present the cloning, expression and partial identification of Genomic Segment 7 of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). The nucleotide sequence corresponding to Segment 7 was isolated from a bacteriophage lambda cDNA library and contained 2 overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) of 903 and 522 bases respectively. It also contained an ISAV-specific conserved nucleotide motif in the mRNA 5' region. The co-linear transcript representing the large ORF undergoes a splicing event that removes a 526 nucleotide intron to form a mRNA corresponding to the smaller reading frame. Thus, ISAV Genomic Segment 7 has a similar coding strategy as influenza A virus Segments 7 and 8. The largest ORF of Segment 7 and the first ORF of Segment 8 was expressed in E. coli as fusion proteins and rabbit antiserum was raised against the recombinant protein from Segment 8. Immunoblot studies using this antiserum and a serum against purified virus, show that Segment 8 encodes one of the major structural proteins of the virus whereas the co-linear ORF of Segment 7 probably encodes a non- or minor structural protein
Human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen mimicry by mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23. Characterization of the immunogenicity in syngeneic hosts (1991)

Previous studies have shown that the mouse antiidiotypic mAb MK2-23 elicited with the syngeneic anti-human high molecular weight melanoma-associated Ag (HMW-MAA) mAb 763.74 elicits anti-HMW-MAA antibodies in syngeneic hosts and in patients with melanoma. The present investigation has characterized the fine specificity of antibodies elicited by mAb MK2-23, tested its ability to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to HMW-MAA-bearing melanoma cells and analyzed the variables that influence the immunogenicity of mAb MK2-23. The anti-HMW-MAA antibodies elicited by mAb MK2-23 recognize the same population of molecules recognized by mAb 763.74, react with the same (or spatially close) determinant(s) and express the idiotopes recognized by mAb MK2-23 in their Ag-combining sites. The antiidiotypic antibodies that bind to HMW-MAA have a lower titer than those that do not. These results in conjunction with those obtained in mice using a suboptimal immunization schedule suggest that the idiotope(s) that mimic(s) the mAb 763.74-defined determinant of the HMW-MAA is less immunogenic than those that do not. mAb MK2-23 induces a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to HMW-MAA-bearing melanoma cells. Therefore, mAb MK2-23 represents the first example of mouse antiidiotypic mAb that induces a cellular and humoral immunity to a human tumor-associated Ag (TAA), because the previously described mouse antiidiotypic mAb that bear the mirror image of TAA have been shown to induce only humoral anti-TAA immunity. The immunogenicity of mAb MK2-23 is markedly enhanced by its conjugation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and its administration with FA. Furthermore, the number of immunizations and the doses of mAb MK2-23 injected influence its immunogenicity, although to a lower extent than conjugation to a carrier and mixing with an adjuvant. The information derived from the present investigation represents a useful background to optimize the immunization schedule with mAb MK2-23 in patients with melanoma.
Fabrication of electrochromically tunable photonic crystals (2006)

Tunable photonic crystals offer an interesting possibility to adjust the photonic band gap (PBG) as per requirement. Various methods of achieving this have been tried that include polarization of liquid crystals, thermal effects and more. Electrochromic (EC) materials in which a reversible optical property change can be induced with the application of a small electric field offer a novel possibility to tune the PBG in a controlled and reversible way. The reversible chemical change and the ensuing change of optical constants in these periodically arranged EC materials make the PBG tunability possible. In a recent work we have demonstrated for the first time the PBG tunability of EC materials deposited in the form of periodic inverse opals. This earlier work was carried out with the well known Tungsten Trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) EC thin films into which lithium intercalation was done by a dry lithiation method. In the present work we report on the fabrication of a simple tunable photonic crystal device based on electrochemical insertion/extraction of lithium based on WO<sub>3</sub> inverse opals.
Purification of folate binding factor in normal umbilical cord serum. (1975)

Human umbilical cord serum was found to contain both free folate and folate complexed to a high-molecular weight factor. The complexed folate was bound to a very high affinity binder and was present in concentrations equivalent to as much as 60 ng of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid per ml of serum. Acidification of the serum caused disassociation of the folate-binder complex. Released folates were separated from binder by Sephadex gel filtration, zonal centrifugation through sucrose gradients, or adsorption onto activated charcoal. The separated binding factor, either saturated or unsaturated with folate, had a molecular weight of about 40,000 on Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Binding of [3H]pteroylglutamic acid was rapid and, as in the original endogenous folate-binder complex, was essentially irreversible at neutral pH. The affinity and specificity of the binder were examined by competition experiments using [3H]pteroylglutamic acid and nonradioactive folate derivatives. Oxidized folates were bound in preference to reduced derivatives, but only three to four times more unlabeled 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid than pteroylglutamic acid was required to produce an equal level of competition. The strong affinity for 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, the main serum folate, suggests that the binder could be part of the mechanism by which the fetus concentrates maternally supplied folate for its growth and development.
A check-valved silicone diaphragm pump (2002)

Two generations of check-valved silicone rubber diaphragm pumps are presented. Significant improvements have been made from pump to pump including the design and fabrication of a double-sided check valve, a bossed silicone membrane, and silicone gaskets. Water flow rates of up to 13 ml/min and a maximum back pressure of 5.9 kPa were achieved through pneumatic operation with an external compressed air source. Using a custom designed solenoid actuator, flow rates of up to 4.5 ml/min and a maximum back pressure of 2.1 kPa have been demonstrated.
Addressable Microlens Array to Improve Dynamic Range of Shack–Hartmann Sensors (2006)

In this paper, we have demonstrated an addressable array (5-by-5) of high-quality microlenses suitable for application in a Shack-Hartmann (SH) sensor in a microoptical system. Specific lenses in the array can be addressed using a new selection scheme (that we have designed, built, and tested) in which the mechanical resonant frequencies of individual lens-support carriages are varied. Thus, by changing the frequency of the drive voltage, we require only two electrical connections per row in the lens system to identify the selected lens by its resonating focal image. We show that using this lens-identification method will allow us to improve the dynamic range of SH sensors by a factor of 12-46 above values reported for conventional SH designs