gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Closed loop predictive control of adaptive optics systems with convolutional neural networks (2021)

ABSTRACT Predictive wavefront control is an important and rapidly developing field of adaptive optics (AO). Through the prediction of future wavefront effects, the inherent AO system servo-lag caused by the measurement, computation, and application of the wavefront correction can be significantly mitigated. This lag can impact the final delivered science image, including reduced strehl and contrast, and inhibits our ability to reliably use faint guide stars. We summarize here a novel method for training deep neural networks for predictive control based on an adversarial prior. Unlike previous methods in the literature, which have shown results based on previously generated data or for open-loop systems, we demonstrate our network’s performance simulated in closed loop. Our models are able to both reduce effects induced by servo-lag and push the faint end of reliable control with natural guide stars, improving K-band Strehl performance compared to classical methods by over 55 per cent for 16th magnitude guide stars on an 8-m telescope. We further show that LSTM based approaches may be better suited in high-contrast scenarios where servo-lag error is most pronounced, while traditional feed forward models are better suited for high noise scenarios. Finally, we discuss future strategies for implementing our system in real-time and on astronomical telescope systems.
Probability of lightning hits to tall structures taking account of upward lightning (2010)

It was revealed that serious lightning faults of high voltage power transmission lines in winter along the coastal area of the Sea of Japan were due to upward lightning initiated from transmission towers. Wind turbines in the same region, reportedly suffer from high lightning fault rate, must also generate frequent upward lightning. Taking account of the aerological data which indicate the heights of the charged region in thunderclouds, a method to evaluate frequency of upward lightning from tall structures in cold regions of Japan in winter is proposed. With this new method, it is possible to evaluate the probability of lightning hits to tall structures in Japan through the year.
Differential occurrence of mutations in mitochondrial DNA of human skeletal muscle during aging (1998)

Seven mtDNA mutations (five base substitutions and two deletions) were studied in skeletal muscle samples of 18 human subjects aged 1 hr to 90 years. Quantitative PCR procedures were applied to determine the incidence (frequency of occurrence) and abundance (percentage of mutant mtDNA out of total mtDNA). The base substitutions, in general, showed a very early onset, three such mutations being detectable in the muscles of infants aged 1 hr and 5 weeks. Of two disease-associated point mutations studied, 3243 A-->G showed significant accumulation with age (P < 0.05), while 8993 T-->G showed no significant age accumulation (P > 0.1). Moreover, three arbitrarily chosen mutations (not disease-associated) showed no age-associated accumulation: two (7029 C-->T and 7920 A-->G) showed little change over the years (P > 0.1), while the other (13167 A-->G) showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). both the 4,977-bp and 7,436-bp deletions showed a significant age-associated occurrence (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The age of onset of detectable deletions is about 20-40 years; thereafter, the incidence and abundance of deletions tend to increase as a function of advancing age. The seven specific mutations were found to occur independent of each other, indicating the random nature of mtDNA mutations in skeletal muscle. Moreover, the age-associated accumulation of multiple deletions was observed in the same set of muscle tissues, each extract displaying a unique set of multiple PCR products. Thus, mutations in mtDNA occur differentially in human skeletal muscle during aging.
A Review of Data Classification Using K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm (2013)

Abstract—To classify data whether it is in the field of neural networks or maybe it is any application of Biometrics viz: Handwriting classification or Iris detection, feasibly the most candid classifier in the stockpile or machine learning techniques is the Nearest Neighbor Classifier in which classification is achieved by identifying the nearest neighbors to a query example and using those neighbors to determine the class of the query. K-NN classification classifies instances based on their similarity to instances in the training data. This paper presents various output with various distance used in algorithm and may help to know the response of classifier for the desired application it also represents computational issues in identifying nearest neighbors and mechanisms for reducing the dimension of the data.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> Plants Having Defects in Nonsense‐mediated mRNA Decay Factors UPF1, UPF2, and UPF3 Show Photoperiod‐dependent Phenotypes in Development and Stress Responses (2012)

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an important mRNA quality surveillance pathway in all eukaryotes that eliminates aberrant mRNAs derived from various sources. Three NMD factor proteins, UPF1, UPF2, and UPF3 are required for the NMD process and were found to be also involved in certain stress responses in mammalian and yeast cells. Using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of UPF1 and UPF3 and UPF2-silenced lines (irUPF2), we examined the involvement of UPF1, UPF2, and UPF3 in development and in response to stresses, wounding and infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000. Under the long (16 h) photoperiod condition, Arabidopsis having a defect in NMD factors exhibited altered morphologies of various organs, disturbed homeostasis of wounding-induced jasmonic acid and pathogen-elicited salicylic acid, and abnormal wounding- and methyl jasmonate-induced changes in the transcript levels of two defense-related genes, LOX2 and VSP2. Importantly, when plants were cultivated under the short (10 h) photoperiod condition, mutants of UPF1 and UPF3 and irUPF2 showed smaller differences from the wild-type plants in growth and stress-induced responses. These data suggest a complex regulatory network, likely composed of light signaling and NMD factor-mediated pathways, in influencing plant development and adaption to environmental stresses.
Simultaneous reticulocyte and platelet counting on a clinical flow cytometer (1985)

Laser flow cytometric analysis is well suited to many clinical immunofluorescent and hematologic applications. One of these is automated reticulocyte and platelet enumerations. We have performed a clinical evaluation of a fluorescence laser flow cytometer reticulocyte and platelet enumeration method using the fluorochrome acridine orange. One hundred and thirty-two clinical specimens from inpatients in our comprehensive cancer center were analyzed for platelet counts and 101 samples from the same population were analyzed for reticulocyte counts by the flow cytometer and simultaneously by conventional techniques. Both the reticulocyte and platelet enumerations achieved a high degree of correlation with standard methods for the nonbone marrow-transplant patients studied (R = .989 for reticulocytes and R = .995 for platelets). Marrow transplant patients had a slightly poorer correlation coefficient for the reticulocyte enumeration (R = .923), but analysis of serial determinations of these patients' samples for reticulocyte counts revealed that results were more consistent over time with the automated method than with the traditional manual method. The laser flow cytometer fluorescence reticulocyte and platelet enumeration methods described are efficient, rapid, and reliable for platelet and reticulocyte counting.
TAK1 Mediates TGF beta-1 Responses in Gingival Fibroblasts (2014)

In fibroblasts, transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1) signals via canonical and non-canonical pathways to promote wound healing or hyper-contractile responses resulting in scars. The oral cavity however does not scar and fibrotic responses such as gingival hyperplasia are characterized by a hyper-proliferative response. The involvement of non-canonical, TGFβ-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) - mediated TGFβ1 signaling in gingival fibroblasts has not been previously examined. Here I show that TAK1 selective inhibitor (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol blocks TGFβ1-induced expression of wound healing and fibrotic marker CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor) in gingival fibroblasts. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed that essentially all TGFβ1 induced genes were in fact sensitive to TAK1 inhibition in gingival fibroblasts (139/147) including those involved in proliferative and wound healing responses. This data was confirmed using RT-qPCR to detect mRNA expression as well as functional cell proliferation assay. (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol might be investigated in the treatment of gingival hyperplasia in the future.
Manufacturing test of fibre channel communications cards and optical subassemblies (2002)

Fiber optic communications is an established technology in the telecommunications industry. In the computer industry it is an emerging technology due to its high bandwidth and its ability to communicate at high speeds over distances that far exceed what is possible using wire cable. In the last six years, fiber optic technology for Fibre Channel (FC) applications has advanced from 266 Mb/sec to 1063 Mb/sec. This paper describes the testing of FC cards and the manufacture of low cost plastic optical subassemblies (OSAs). Future trends in fiber optic communications cards are also discussed.
New differentially expressed genes and differential DNA methylation underlying refractory epilepsy (2016)

Epigenetics underlying refractory epilepsy is poorly understood, especially in patients without distinctive genetic alterations. DNA methylation may affect gene expression in epilepsy without affecting DNA sequences. Herein, we analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in brain tissues of 10 patients with refractory epilepsy using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation linked with sequencing and mRNA Sequencing. Diverse distribution of differentially methylated genes was found in X chromosome, while differentially methylated genes appeared rarely in Y chromosome. 62 differentially expressed genes, such as MMP19, AZGP1, DES, and LGR6 were correlated with refractory epilepsy for the first time. Although general trends of differentially enriched gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways in this study are consistent with previous researches, differences also exist in many specific gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways. These findings provide a new genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression in brain tissues of patients with refractory epilepsy, which may provide a basis for further study on the etiology and mechanisms of refractory epilepsy.
Effects of Lactitol and Tributyrin on Growth Performance, Small Intestinal Morphology and Enzyme Activity in Weaned Pigs (2006)

One hundred and sixty crossbred pigs (6.620.36 kg) weaned at day 181 were used to investigate the effects of lactitol and tributyrin on performance, small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The pigs were assigned to one of five dietary groups (4 pens/diet with 8 pigs/pen) and were fed the negative control diet or the negative control diet supplemented with 10 g/kg glutamine (as a positive control), or 3 g/kg lactitol (-D-galactopyranosyl-(14)-D-sorbitol), or 5 g/kg tributyrin (butanoic acid 1,2,3propanetriyl ester), or 3 g/kg lactitol+5 g/kg tributyrin. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly during the 4-week study. On day 7, four pigs per dietary treatment were sacrificed to examine small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the negative control diet, the positive control diet improved weight gain and feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and over the entire study (p<0.05), and also decreased duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05), but did not alter intestinal enzyme activity (p>0.05). Lactitol improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05), but did not improve weight gain and feed intake, intestinal morphology or enzyme activity (p>0.05). Tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study. Tributyrin significantly decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum, and increased duodenal lactase and ileal maltase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased weight gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, and improved feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased the jejunal villus height, and decreased the duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin also increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). ( decreased the ileal crypt depth, and improved the duodenal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+ tributyrin improved weight gain during weeks 3-4, improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, increased the ileal villus height, and increased jejunal lactase, sucrase and maltase activity (p<0.05). These results showed that tributyrin improved performance, intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, while the effect of lactitol was very limited. These results also showed that, compared with glutamine, tributyrin was more effective in improving intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, and tributyrin exerted a superior effect in improving performance as weaning progressed. These observations suggest that, as a chemical for repairing intestinal atrophy, glutamine and tributyrin should be used in the first and second periods of the starter phase, respectively. (
Radical Copolymerization of Isobutylene and Ethyl Acrylate with LiCB<sub>11</sub>Me<sub>12</sub> Catalyst (2011)

In nonpolar media LiCB11Me12 catalyzes the radical copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with isobutylene. The reaction is initiated by azo-tert-butane at 75−80 °C or with UV-irradiated di-tert-butyl peroxide at room temperature. Nonalternating copolymers with novel somewhat branched structures were produced and characterized by NMR. Isobutylene incorporation (up to 56 mol %) depends on the comonomer ratio, and a copolymerization mechanism is proposed.
The comparison of the detecting performance between the ground and the aerial visual analytics in the UGV-UAV collaborative system (2016)

Unmanned systems can watch the area that people cannot monitor directly. Thus they are used widely, and largely divided into a UGV and UAV depending on the domain they move. Because each system has advantages and disadvantages, for complementary utilizing we designed the hardware interface and software architecture of a UGV-UAV collaborative system based on the surveillance mechanism. In addition, each visual analytics output from the surveillance video of UAV and UGV is compared by 3 type of standard like latency, detection rate, and coverage. Through this, the effective cooperation of each surveillance video was derived.
Identification of a Second Region of the Spo0A Response Regulator of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Required for Transcription Activation (2000)

Deletion of the 10 C-terminal amino acids of the Bacillus subtilis response regulator Spo0A or valine substitution at D258 and L260 resulted in a sporulation-negative phenotype and loss of in vivo activation of the spoIIG and spoIIA operon promoters. Repression of the abrB promoter was not affected by the mutations. In combination with the previously characterized mutation (A257V), the results identify amino acids at positions 257, 258, and 260 as being required for transcription activation by Spo0A.
IL10, A Tale of an Evolutionarily Conserved Cytokine across Vertebrates (2016)

IL10 was discovered in 1989, and since then it has been the subject of intense investigation, which has revealed its potent anti-inflammatory and regulatory activities in most immune processes during infection and disease. In 2003, the first non-mammalian IL10 sequence was identified in teleost fish, followed in 2004 by the chicken IL10 sequence. In this review, we summarize the work performed in non-mammalian vertebrates in which the IL10, IL10 receptors (IL10Rs), and their signaling components have been identified. We review the genomic organization, genes, and protein structure of IL10(Rs); we focus on studies providing a functional characterization of their biological activities. In addition, we describe the activities of viral IL10s identified in viruses infecting non-mammalian hosts. Altogether, our analysis reveals remarkable conservation of the anti-inflammatory and regulatory activities of (viral) IL10 across vertebrates, confirming the crucial role of IL10 throughout evolution. Interestingly, in some teleost fish, the presence of multiple copies of IL10(Rs) adds an additional degree of complexity. In fact, the evidence suggests that gene duplication does not necessarily imply functional redundancy, and leaves teleosts with additional possibilities to fine tune IL10 activities. Finally, we discuss the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a complementary animal model for the study of IL10 activities in non-mammalian vertebrates.
Combinatorial Auction-Based Marketplace Mechanism for Cloud Service Reservation (2012)

This paper proposes a combinatorial auction-based marketplace mechanism for cloud computing services, which allows users to reserve arbitrary combination of services at requested timeslots, prices and quality of service. The proposed mechanism helps enterprise users build workflow applications in a cloud computing environment, specifically on the platform-as-a-service, where the users need to compose multiple types of services at different timeslots. The proposed marketplace mechanism consists of a forward market for an advance reservation and a spot market for immediate allocation of services. Each market employs mixed integer programming to enforce a Pareto optimum allocation with maximized social economic welfare, as well as double-sided auction design to encourage both users and providers to compete for buying and selling the services. The evaluation results show that (1) the proposed forward/combinatorial mechanism outperforms other non-combinatorial and/or non-reservation (spot) mechanisms in both user-centric rationality and global efficiency, and (2) running both a forward market and a spot market improves utilization without disturbing advance reservations depending on the provider's policy.
Climate change and the slow reorientation of the American car industry (1979–2012): An application and extension of the Dialectic Issue LifeCycle (DILC) model (2014)

This paper uses the Dialectic Issue LifeCycle-model (DILC-model) to analyze the co-evolution of the climate change problem and strategic responses from the American car industry. The longitudinal and multi-dimensional analysis investigates the dynamics of the climate change problem in terms of socio-political mobilization by social movements, scientists, wider publics and policymakers. It also analyses how U.S. automakers responded to mounting pressures with socio-political, economic and innovation strategies oriented towards low-carbon propulsion technologies. We use a mixed methodology with a quantitative analysis of various time-series and an in-depth qualitative case study, which traces interactions between problem-related pressures and industry responses. We conclude that U.S. automakers are slowly reorienting towards low-carbon technologies, but due to weakening pressures have not yet fully committed to comprehensive development and marketing. The paper not only applies the DILC-model, but also proposes three elaborations: (a) the continued diversity of technical solutions, and ‘ups and downs’ in future expectations, creates uncertainty which delays strategic reorientation; (b) firms may develop radical innovations for political and social purposes in early phases of the model; (c) issue lifecycles are also shaped by external influences from other problems and contexts.
The Oligosaccharyltransferase Complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

The key step of N-glycosylation of proteins, an essential and highly conserved protein modification, is catalyzed by the hetero-oligomeric protein complex oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). So far, eight genes have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are involved in this process. Enzymatically active OST preparations from yeast were shown to be composed of four (Ost1p, Wbp1p, Ost3p, Swp1p) or six subunits (Ost2p and Ost5p in addition to the four listed). Genetic studies have disclosed Stt3p and Ost4p as additional proteins needed for N-glycosylation. In this study we report the identification and functional characterization of a new OST gene, designated OST6, that has homology to OST3 and in particular a strikingly similar membrane topology. Neither gene is essential for growth of yeast. Disruption of OST6 or OST3 causes only a minor defect in N-glycosylation, but an Deltaost3Deltaost6 double mutant displays a synthetic phenotype, leading to a severe underglycosylation of soluble and membrane-bound glycoproteins in vivo and to a reduced OST activity in vitro. Moreover, each of the two genes has also a specific function, since agents affecting cell wall biogenesis reveal different growth phenotypes in the respective null mutants. By blue native electrophoresis and immunodetection, a approximately 240-kDa complex was identified consisting of Ost1p, Stt3p, Wbp1p, Ost3p, Ost6p, Swp1p, Ost2p, and Ost5p, indicating that probably all so far identified OST proteins are constituents of the OST complex. It is also shown that disruption of OST3 and OST6 leads to a defect in the assembly of the complex. Hence, the function of these genes seems to be essential for recruiting a fully active complex necessary for efficient N-glycosylation.
Opportunistic health promotion: quantity or quality? (1989)

A cohort of 130 working class mothers has been studied in depth over five years to quantify the extent of recording and counselling of lifestyle problems by general practitioners and their staff. Clinical records and mothers' personal accounts at two home interviews five years apart provide the data for this work. Fifty-nine per cent of women had one or more aspects of lifestyle recorded in their records, the commonest being smoking habits. Despite this evidence for good coverage of smokers in the population, alcohol and exercise problems were under-recorded. Clinical records only included details of advice given and follow-up plans for lifestyle problems in 40% of patients' records yet the women themselves remembered advice being given in 48% of cases. An analysis of the womens' accounts in conjunction with the clinical records revealed that over three quarters of those receiving advice remembered it several years later. The primary care team was most likely to target advice and plans on women who were heavy smokers and very obese. This study shows that clinical records underestimate the amount of lifestyle counselling which is conducted in general practice and that a surprising number of working class women remember and act on the advice from their doctors. The implications for clinical recording of lifestyle factors are discussed.