gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security Vulnerabilities of Obfuscated Analog Circuits (2020)

Vulnerabilities of key based analog obfuscation methodologies that modify the transistor dimensions of a circuit are evaluated. Two attack vectors on a common source amplifier, differential amplifier, operational amplifier, and voltage controlled oscillator are developed. The first attack exploits the lack of possible key combinations permitted around the correct key, which is a result of requiring a unique key to lock the circuit. An average of 5 possible key combinations were returned in an average of 5.47 seconds when executing the key spacing attack. The second attack vector utilizes the monotonic relationship between the sizing of the transistors and the functional response of the circuit to determine the correct key. The average time to execute the attack, while assuming process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variation of 10%, was 1.18 seconds. Both equal key spacing and non-monotonic key dependencies are discussed as ways to mitigate the threats to future analog obfuscation techniques.
Noninvasive remote activation of the ventral midbrain by transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex (2013)

The midbrain lies deep within the brain and has an important role in reward, motivation, movement and the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression and addiction. To date, the primary means of acting on this region has been with pharmacological interventions or implanted electrodes. Here we introduce a new noninvasive brain stimulation technique that exploits the highly interconnected nature of the midbrain and prefrontal cortex to stimulate deep brain regions. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex, we were able to remotely activate the interconnected midbrain and cause increases in participants' appraisals of facial attractiveness. Participants with more enhanced prefrontal/midbrain connectivity following stimulation exhibited greater increases in attractiveness ratings. These results illustrate that noninvasive direct stimulation of prefrontal cortex can induce neural activity in the distally connected midbrain, which directly effects behavior. Furthermore, these results suggest that this tDCS protocol could provide a promising approach to modulate midbrain functions that are disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders.
On the estimation of polarization orientation angles induced from azimuth slopes using polarimetric SAR data (2002)

In recent studies, Schuler et al. (1996) applied the polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) derived orientation angles to measure topography, and Lee et al. (1999) used the orientation angles for polarimetric SAR data compensation, to ensure accurate estimation of geophysical parameters, such as, biomass, soil moisture, and surface roughness, in rugged terrain area. Consequently, it is important to accurately estimate orientation angles that were induced by the azimuth slope variations. However, in these studies, inconsistency in the estimation of orientation angles was encountered in several areas, introducing noisy and erroneous results. Two methods have been proven to be effective in the orientation angle estimation. The peak-seeking method in polarization signatures was a credible one. The other method is based on the circular polarizations in which the phase difference between right-right circular and left-left circular polarization is used to estimate the orientation angles. The present authors explore a theoretical model based on Bragg scattering, to verify the circular polarization method, and to discover problems associated with orientation estimation and data compensation. The advantage of applying polarimetric SAR speckle filter is also investigated.
Process for producing ethanol, acetic acid and/or acetaldehyde, from synthesis gas. [solid catalyst of Rh in combination with Mo and/or W] (1978)

A process is claimed for selectively preparing a mixture of two-carbon atom oxygenated hydrocarbons in which ethanol is the major component which comprises continuously contacting a reaction mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a solid catalyst comprising rhodium in combination with molybdenum and/or tungsten at reaction conditions correlated so as to favor the formation of such two-carbon atom products, namely, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and/or ethanol.
PREPARATION OF HOP EXTRACTS RICH IN PARTICULAR CONSTITUENTS* (1980)

When a column containing powdered hops is extracted with liquid carbon dioxide, chromatographic separation of hop components occurs. They are extracted in the order essential oils, β-acids, α-acids; and the separation is enhanced when finely milled hops are extracted. Early fractions (∼0·5 hour) contain a high proportion of the available essential oils when hops are extracted at −20°C and such extracts are suitable as a replacement for dry hops. Fractions can be obtained from extractions at ∼7°C which are rich in α-acids and contain low levels of β-acids. Small amounts of fats and waxes are normally present in fractions collected towards the end of a run when seeded hops are extracted.
Parallel, Realistic and Controllable Terrain Synthesis (2015)

Abstract The challenge in terrain synthesis for virtual environments is to provide a combination of precise user control over landscape form, with interactive response and visually realistic results. We present a system that builds on parallel pixel‐based texture synthesis to enable interactive creation of an output terrain from a database of heightfield exemplars. We also provide modelers with control over height and surrounding slope by means of constraint points and curves; a paint‐by‐numbers interface for specifying the local character of terrain; coherence controls that allow localization of changes to the synthesized terrain; and copy‐paste functionality to directly transplant terrain regions. Together these contributions provide a level of realism that, based on user experiments, is indistinguishable from real source terrains; user control sufficient for precise placement of a variety of landforms, such as cliffs, ravines and mesas; and synthesis times of 165ms for a 1024 2 terrain grid.
Fast and accurate detection of changes in data streams (2014)

Abstract Change detection is one of the most important tasks in time series analysis. When the series is very long, or when it is rapidly updated, it has to be treated as a stream. This means that the change detection algorithm must process each sample in O (1) time and memory. A good algorithm must be generic in terms of the type of changes it can detect. Beyond all, a good algorithm must present a favorable and controlled ratio of the number of samples needed to detect a change to the rate of false positives. We present a change‐point detection algorithm called ProTO which dynamically manages a set of candidate change‐points whose expected size is a controllable constant. In terms of sample processing, ProTO is comparable with the fastest known algorithm—the Page‐Hinkley Test ( PHT ). Yet, because PHT is limited to just one candidate, ProTO outperforms it in terms of the ratio of the delay to the false positive rate, as well as in terms of robustness. We provide variants of ProTO for detecting changes in the mean or the variance of the stream, and experiment with two realistic applications, as well as with synthetic data. On real problems, ProTO compares favorably with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms implemented in the R‐package, which require more than O (1) time per sample.
Mammalian hyaluronan synthases and their functions (1999)

Conference Abstract| February 01 1999 Mammalian hyaluronan synthases and their functions Naoki Itano; Naoki Itano 1Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480–1139, Japan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Mamoru Yoshida; Mamoru Yoshida 1Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480–1139, Japan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Yoichi Yamada; Yoichi Yamada 1Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480–1139, Japan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Petros Lenas; Petros Lenas 1Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480–1139, Japan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Andrew P. Spicer; Andrew P. Spicer †Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar John A. McDonald; John A. McDonald *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Samuel C. Johnson Medical Research Building, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Koji Kimata Koji Kimata 1Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480–1139, Japan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (1): A10. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a010b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Naoki Itano, Mamoru Yoshida, Yoichi Yamada, Petros Lenas, Andrew P. Spicer, John A. McDonald, Koji Kimata; Mammalian hyaluronan synthases and their functions. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1999; 27 (1): A10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a010b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Dose-Titration Effects of Fish Oil in Osteoarthritic Dogs (2010)

Increasing the amount of fish oil beyond that in the baseline food results in dose-dependent increases in serum EPA and DHA concentrations and modest improvements in the clinical signs of OA in pet dogs.
Facile Formation of High-Quality InGaN/GaN Quantum-Disks-in-Nanowires on Bulk-Metal Substrates for High-Power Light-Emitters (2016)

High-quality nitride materials grown on scalable and low-cost metallic substrates are considerably attractive for high-power light-emitters. We demonstrate here, for the first time, the high-power red (705 nm) InGaN/GaN quantum-disks (Qdisks)-in-nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs) self-assembled directly on metal-substrates. The LEDs exhibited a low turn-on voltage of ∼2 V without efficiency droop up to injection current of 500 mA (1.6 kA/cm(2)) at ∼5 V. This is achieved through the direct growth and optimization of high-quality nanowires on titanium (Ti) coated bulk polycrystalline-molybdenum (Mo) substrates. We performed extensive studies on the growth mechanisms, obtained high-crystal-quality nanowires, and confirmed the epitaxial relationship between the cubic titanium nitride (TiN) transition layer and the hexagonal nanowires. The growth of nanowires on all-metal stack of TiN/Ti/Mo enables simultaneous implementation of n-metal contact, reflector, and heat sink, which greatly simplifies the fabrication process of high-power light-emitters. Our work ushers in a practical platform for high-power nanowires light-emitters, providing versatile solutions for multiple cross-disciplinary applications that are greatly enhanced by leveraging on the chemical stability of nitride materials, large specific surface of nanowires, chemical lift-off ready layer structures, and reusable Mo substrates.
Automatic magnetic resonance prostate segmentation by deep learning with holistically nested networks (2017)

Accurate automatic segmentation of the prostate in magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a challenging task due to the high variability of prostate anatomic structure. Artifacts such as noise and similar signal intensity of tissues around the prostate boundary inhibit traditional segmentation methods from achieving high accuracy. We investigate both patch-based and holistic (image-to-image) deep-learning methods for segmentation of the prostate. First, we introduce a patch-based convolutional network that aims to refine the prostate contour which provides an initialization. Second, we propose a method for end-to-end prostate segmentation by integrating holistically nested edge detection with fully convolutional networks. Holistically nested networks (HNN) automatically learn a hierarchical representation that can improve prostate boundary detection. Quantitative evaluation is performed on the MRI scans of 250 patients in fivefold cross-validation. The proposed enhanced HNN model achieves a mean ± standard deviation. A Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of [Formula: see text] and a mean Jaccard similarity coefficient (IoU) of [Formula: see text] are used to calculate without trimming any end slices. The proposed holistic model significantly ([Formula: see text]) outperforms a patch-based AlexNet model by 9% in DSC and 13% in IoU. Overall, the method achieves state-of-the-art performance as compared with other MRI prostate segmentation methods in the literature.
Comparison of the Fluorescent Protein Performance in Deep-Tissue Small-Animal Imaging Applications (2008)

The performance of various fluorescent proteins for in-vivo deep tissue molecular imaging applications is presented. Experimental results and theoretical model prediction show the superiority of the red-shifted fluorescent proteins. Article not available.
Bioabsorbable laminated membranes for guided bone regeneration (2002)

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR), or guided bone regeneration (GBR), can be considered as sub-areas of tissue engineering because the characteristics of newly forming tissue are commonly influenced as usual by the surgical intervention and more importantly by the morphology or topography of a biomaterial surface. Thus, in guided tissue regeneration no cell seeding and culturing is used, but the effect is reached via an implanted device, normally a membrane. The terms were first introduced in periodontal and oral applications, and in GTR the membrane is placed between the periodontal defect and the gingival tissue and in GBR the membrane is placed between the bone defect and the gingival tissues [1]. Later, the terms have been expanded to use in other fields, including repairing craniofacial bone defects [2–4]. Materials commonly used in GBR and GTR are membranes of GoreTex©R (non-resorbable PTFE membrane, needs to be removed in the long term), collagen and aliphatic polyesters (PLA, PGA, copolymers) [2,5–9]. Other materials, including polymer and hydroxyapatite membranes have also been studied for GBR [10]. Two different types of GBR-membranes having occlusive layer on one side and a layer with controlled porosity on the other side of the membrane were developed and studied here in vitro and in vivo.
Consistent stylization of stereoscopic 3D images (2012)

The application of stylization filters to photographs is common, Instagram being a popular recent example. These image manipulation applications work great for 2D images. However, stereoscopic 3D cameras are increasingly available to consumers (Nintendo 3DS, Fuji W3 3D, HTC Evo 3D). How will users apply these same stylizations to stereoscopic images?
Estimation of Serum TSH Receptor Autoantibody Concentration and Affinity (2006)

We have used the human monoclonal TSH receptor (TSHR) autoantibody (M22) as a labeled ligand in competition with individual patient TSHR autoantibodies (TRAb) to estimate their serum concentrations and affinities. TSHR coated tubes, 125I-labeled M22 IgG and Fab, and patient sera IgG and Fab were used in these studies. In 15 patients with Graves’ disease, TRAb concentrations ranged from 50 to 500 ng/mL of serum (5– 60 parts per million of total serum IgG) and TRAb IgG affinities from 3.0 ± 1.0–6.7 ± 1.54–1010 L/mol (mean ± SD; n=3). Fab fragment affinities were similar to those of intact IgG. Serum TRAb with blocking (TSH antagonist; 4 patients) activity had similar affinities (3.0 ± 0.25–7.2 ± 2.2–1010 L/mol) to TRAb IgG from patients with Graves’ disease, but blocking TRAb concentrations were higher (1.7 – 27 mg/mL of serum). The concentrations of TRAb that we observed in the sera of the 15 Graves’ patient (0.33 – 3.3 nmol/L) can be compared with that of circulating TSH. In particular, a serum TSH concentration of 100mU/L (0.7 nmol/L) is in the same range as the concentrations of TRAb we observed. Such a TSH concentration (similar to that observed after injection of 0.9 mg of recombinant human TSH) would be expected to cause a similar degree of thyrotoxicosis as seen in Graves’ disease. Consequently, the thyroid-stimulating potencies (i.e., activity per mol) of patient serum TRAb and human TSH appear to be of a similar magnitude in vivo as well as in vitro. Overall, our results indicate that serum TRAb affinities are high and show only limited variations between different sera whereas concentrations of the autoantibodies vary widely.
Staphylococcus aureus strains which are not identified by rapid agglutination methods are of capsular serotype 5 (1989)

A total of 183 recent Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were tested with three commercially available rapid agglutination methods. The capsular polysaccharide type and resistance to oxacillin of these isolates were also determined. Seven isolates were not identified correctly by agglutination methods. All isolates not identified by the rapid methods were of capsular serotype 5, and of these isolates, six were resistant to oxacillin. The results suggest that these agglutination kits can be improved by the use of antibodies reactive with S. aureus capsular polysaccharide.
Holonomic Quantum Control with Continuous Variable Systems (2016)

Universal computation of a quantum system consisting of superpositions of well-separated coherent states of multiple harmonic oscillators can be achieved by three families of adiabatic holonomic gates. The first gate consists of moving a coherent state around a closed path in phase space, resulting in a relative Berry phase between that state and the other states. The second gate consists of "colliding" two coherent states of the same oscillator, resulting in coherent population transfer between them. The third gate is an effective controlled-phase gate on coherent states of two different oscillators. Such gates should be realizable via reservoir engineering of systems that support tunable nonlinearities, such as trapped ions and circuit QED.
Rapid and Quantitative Determination of Sildenafil in Cocktail Based on Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2019)

Sildenafil (SD) and its related compounds are the most common adulterants found in herbal preparations used as sexual enhancer or man's virility products. However, the abuse of SD threatens human health such as through headache, back pain, rhinitis, etc. Therefore, it is important to accurately detect the presence of SD in alcoholic beverages. In this study, the Opto Trace Raman 202 (OTR 202) was used as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active colloids to detect SD. The results demonstrated that the limit of detection (LOD) of SD was found to be as low as 0.1 mg/L. Moreover, 1235, 1401, 1530, and 1584 cm<sup>-1</sup> could be qualitatively determined as SD characteristic peaks. In a practical application, SD in cocktail could be easily detected using SERS based on OTR 202. Also, there was a good linear correlation between the intensity of Raman peaks at 1235, 1401, 1530, and 1584 cm<sup>-1</sup> and the logarithm of SD concentration in cocktail was in the range of 0.1-10 mg/L (0.9822 < R<sup>2</sup> < 0.9860). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 12.7% and the recovery ranged from 93.0%-105.8%. Moreover, the original 500-1700 cm<sup>-1</sup> SERS spectra were pretreated and the partial least squares (PLS) was applied to establish the prediction model between SERS spectra and SD content in cocktail and the highest determination coefficient (Rp<sup>2</sup>) reached 0.9856. In summary, the SD in cocktail could be rapidly and quantitatively determined by SERS, which was beneficial to provide a rapid and accurate scheme for the detection of SD in alcoholic beverages.
Second Messengers of Insulin Action (1990)

Despite significant advances in past years on the chemistry and biology of insulin and its receptor, the molecular events that couple the insulin-receptor interaction to the regulation of cellular metabolism remain uncertain. Progress in this area has been complicated by the pleiotropic nature of the actions of insulin. These most likely involve a complex network of pathways resulting in the coordination of mechanistically distinct cellular effects. Because the well-recognized mechanisms of signal transduction (i.e., cyclic nucleotides, ion channels) appear not to be central to insulin action, investigators have searched for a novel second-messenger system. A low-molecular-weight substance has been identified that mimics certain actions of insulin on metabolic enzymes. This substance has an inositol glycan structure, and is produced by the insulin-sensitive hydrolysis of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol in the plasma membrane. This hydrolysis reaction, which is catalyzed by a specific phospholipase C, also results in the production of a structurally distinct diacylglycerol that may selectively regulate one or more of the protein kinases C. The glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol precursor for the inositol glycan enzyme modulator is structurally analogous to the recently described glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane protein anchor. Preliminary studies suggest that a subset of proteins anchored in this fashion may be released from cells by a similar insulin-sensitive phospholipase-catalyzed reaction. Future efforts will focus on the precise role of the metabolism of glycosyl phosphatidylinositols in insulin action.