gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT EXTRACTION (UNEX) PROCESS. II. FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF THE UNEX PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF CESIUM, STRONTIUM, AND ACTINIDES FROM ACTUAL ACIDIC RADIOACTIVE WASTE (2001)

A novel solvent extraction process, the Universal Extraction (UNEX) process, has been developed for the simultaneous separation of cesium, strontium, and the actinides from acidic waste solutions. The UNEX process solvent consists of chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide for the extraction of 137Cs, polyethylene glycol for the extraction of 90Sr, and diphenyl-N,N-dibutylcarbamoyl phosphine oxide for the extraction of the actinides and lanthanides. A nonnitroaromatic polar diluent consisting of phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone has been developed for this process. A UNEX flowsheet consisting of a single solvent extraction cycle has been developed as a part of a collaborative effort between the Khlopin Radium Institute (KRI) and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). This flowsheet has been demonstrated with actual acidic radioactive tank waste at the INEEL using 24 stages of 2-cm diameter centrifugal contactors installed in a shielded cell facility. The activities of 137Cs, 90Sr, and the actinides were reduced to levels at which a grout waste form would meet NRC Class A LLW requirements. The extraction of 99Tc and several nonradioactive metals by the UNEX solvent has also been evaluated.
Opaque Silica Glass Fabricated by Slip Casting and Sintering. (Part 2). Bubble Formation. (2000)

Bubbles are essential in the formation of opaque silica glass, because opacity results from light scattering by bubbles dispersed throughout the glass matrix. In this sintering study of slip casting of a silica compact, the formation of bubbles was observed. In the final densification stage, a large number of small bubbles formed at around 1600°C. With increasing sintering temperature, isolated bubbles became larger and, concurrently, the number of bubbles decreased. Opacity increased with increasing sintering temperature up to 1800°C. These results are discussed from the viewpoint of the critical bubble size which determines whether bubbles expand or shrink.
Multimodal digital holographic microscopy for simultaneous phase and fluorescence imaging (2018)

This paper introduces a new type of multimodal digital holographic microscopy for biological applications. Off-axis digital holography is applied both in 3D phase imaging and 3D fluorescence imaging. In addition, image recovery by iterative method to obtain focused fluorescence images are introduced.
Holographic opto-fluidic microscopy (2010)

Over the last decade microfluidics has created a versatile platform that has significantly advanced the ways in which micro-scale organisms and objects are controlled, processed and investigated, by improving the cost, compactness and throughput aspects of analysis. Microfluidics has also expanded into optics to create reconfigurable and flexible optical devices such as reconfigurable lenses, lasers, waveguides, switches, and on-chip microscopes. Here we present a new opto-fluidic microscopy modality, i.e., Holographic Opto-fluidic Microscopy (HOM), based on lensless holographic imaging. This imaging modality complements the miniaturization provided by microfluidics and would allow the integration of microscopy into existing on-chip microfluidic devices with various functionalities. Our imaging modality utilizes partially coherent in-line holography and pixel super-resolution to create high-resolution amplitude and phase images of the objects flowing within micro-fluidic channels, which we demonstrate by imaging C. elegans, Giardia lamblia, and Mulberry pollen. HOM does not involve complicated fabrication processes or precise alignment, nor does it require a highly uniform flow of objects within microfluidic channels.
Towards an Algorithmic Theory of Compressed Sensing (2005)

In Approximation Theory, the fundamental problem is to reconstruct a signal A ∈ Rn from linear measurements 〈A, ψi 〉 with respect to a dictionary Ψ for Rn. Recently, there has been tremendous excitement about the novel direction of Compressed Sensing [10] where the reconstruction can be done with very few — Õ(k)—linear measurements over a modified dictionary Ψ ′ if the information of the signal is concentrated in k coefficients over an orthonormal basis Ψ. These results have reconstruction error on any given signal that is optimal with respect to a broad class of signals. In a series of papers and meetings over the past year, a theory of Compressed Sensing has been developed by mathematicians. We develop an algorithmic perspective for the Compressed Sensing problem, showing that Compressed Sensing results resonate with prior work in Group Testing, Learning theory and Streaming algorithms. Our main contributions are new algorithms that present the most general results for Compressed Sensing with 1 + ɛ approximation on every signal, faster The dictionary Ψ denotes an orthonormal basis for Rn, i.e. Ψ is a set of n real-valued vectors
Detection, Attribution and Localization of GAN Generated Images (2020)

Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have led to the creation of realistic-looking digital images that pose a major challenge to their detection by humans or computers. GANs are used in a wide range of tasks, from modifying small attributes of an image (StarGAN [14]), transferring attributes between image pairs (CycleGAN [91]), as well as generating entirely new images (ProGAN [36], StyleGAN [37], SPADE/GauGAN [64]). In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect, attribute and localize GAN generated images that combines image features with deep learning methods. For every image, co-occurrence matrices are computed on neighborhood pixels of RGB channels in different directions (horizontal, vertical and diagonal). A deep learning network is then trained on these features to detect, attribute and localize these GAN generated/manipulated images. A large scale evaluation of our approach on 5 GAN datasets comprising over 2.76 million images (ProGAN, StarGAN, CycleGAN, StyleGAN and SPADE/GauGAN) shows promising results in detecting GAN generated images.
Error Sources and Performance Limits in Digital Holographic Data Storage (1996)

Starting with the work of van Heerden 1 , many estimates of the potential storage capacity of a holographic data storage system have been made. While some effort has been made to theoretically predict 2–3 and to measure 4–5 the practical limits imposed by noise sources, most results deal with fundamental limits imposed by the finite spatial frequency resolution of the recording medium and the optical system. We are interested in characterizing the noise statistics in a typical holographic storage system and using these statistics to predict the ultimate limits on system performance. Toward this end, we have developed theoretical models to describe several fundamental noise sources. These models are used to predict limits on the storage capacity and transfer rate achievable in a practical device. We have constructed an experimental system that is used to obtain data on bit-error-rate performance and to verify theoretical predictions. Finally, we are using the experimental system to develop efficient techniques for overcoming noise sources so that we can achieve performance closer to the theoretical limits.
A High-Speed Optical Multi-Drop Bus for Computer Interconnections (2008)

Buses have historically provided a flexible communications structure in computer systems. However, signal integrity constraints of high-speed electronics have made multi-drop electrical busses infeasible. Instead, we propose an optical data bus for computer interconnections. It has two sets of optical waveguides, one as a fan-out and the other as a fan-in, that are used to interconnect different modules attached to the bus. A master module transmits optical signals which are received by all the slave modules attached to the bus. Each slave module in turn sends data back on the bus to the master module. Arrays of lasers, photodetectors, waveguides, microlenses, beamsplitters and Tx/Rx integrated circuits are used to realize the optical data bus. With 1 mW of laser power, we are able to interconnect 8 different modules at 10 Gb/s per channel. An aggregate bandwidth of over 25 GB/s is achievable with 10 bit wide signaling paths.
Early prostate cancer detected using expression of non‐functional cytolytic P2X<sub>7</sub> receptors (2004)

The appearance of P2X(7) receptors in normal prostate tissue adjacent to prostate tumours makes direct tumour biopsy less critical for positive cancer diagnosis and enables cancer progression to be monitored.
Increased plasma N-glycome complexity is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes (2017)

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: \n\nBetter understanding of type 2 diabetes and its prevention is a pressing need. Changes in human plasma N-glycome are associated with many diseases and represent promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Variations in glucose metabolism directly affect glycosylation through the hexosamine pathway but studies of plasma glycome in type 2 diabetes are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein N-glycome is changed in individuals who are at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. ----- \n\nMETHODS: \n\nUsing a chromatographic approach, we analysed N-linked glycans from plasma proteins in two populations comprising individuals with registered hyperglycaemia during critical illness (increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes) and individuals who stayed normoglycaemic during the same condition: AcuteInflammation (59 cases vs 49 controls) and AcuteInflammation Replication (52 cases vs 14 controls) populations. N-glycome was also studied in individuals from FinRisk (37 incident cases of type 2 diabetes collected at baseline vs 37 controls), Orkney Complex Disease Study (ORCADES; 94 individuals with HbA1c > 6.5% [47.5 mmol/mol] vs 658 controls) and Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) cohort studies (307 individuals with HbA1c > 6.5% [47.5 mmol/mol] vs 307 controls). ----- \n\nRESULTS: \n\nIndividuals with increased risk for diabetes type 2 development (AcuteInflammation and AcuteInflammation Replication populations), incident cases of type 2 diabetes collected at baseline (FinRisk population) and individuals with elevated HbA1c (ORCADES and SABRE populations) all presented with increased branching, galactosylation and sialylation of plasma protein N-glycans and these changes were of similar magnitude. ----- \n\nCONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: \n\nIncreased complexity of plasma N-glycan structures is associated with higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and poorer regulation of blood glucose levels. Although further research is needed, this finding could offer a potential new approach for improvement in prevention of diabetes and its complications.
Meandered line microstrip filter with suppression of harmonic passband response (2003)

This paper presents a new technology for implementing parallel-coupled line filters with suppression of passband harmonics. The meandered line design suppresses passband harmonics by using numerous bends and angles to equalize the phase velocities of the odd and even mode field distributions that occur in conventional straight-coupled line filters. A meandered line filter fabricated as part of this study achieved 40% size reduction and 70 dB rejection at the 2/sup nd/ harmonic without degrading the passband performance.
High-Index-Contrast Grating (HCG) and Its Applications in Optoelectronic Devices (2009)

We review recent advances in subwavelength high-index-contrast gratings (HCGs) and a variety of applications in optoelectronic devices, including vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), tunable VCSELs, high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> optical resonators, and low-loss hollow-core waveguides (HWs). HCGs can serve as broadband (Delta lambda/lambda ~ 35%), high-reflectivity (>99%) mirrors for surface-normal incident light, which is useful to replace conventional distributed Bragg reflectors in optical devices. HCGs can also be designed as high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> resonators with output coupling in the surface-normal direction. Finally, we discuss a novel design of HCG as shallow angle reflectors and HWs.
Flat is not dead: Current and future performance of Si-MEMS Quad Mass Gyro (QMG) system (2014)

This paper presents detailed performance status, modeling, and projections for the silicon MEMS Quadruple Mass Gyroscope (QMG) - a unique high Q, lumped mass, mode-symmetric Class II Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscope (CVG) with interchangeable whole angle, self-calibration, and force rebalance mechanizations. To support experimental work, a standalone CVG control and test suite was developed and implemented, comprising a packaged MEMS transducer, an analog buffer card, a digital control card, HRG-style real time closed loop control firmware, and a PC GUI for test control and data logging. Analysis of a QMG sealed without getter with a Q-factor of 1e3 reveals an Angle Random Walk (ARW) of 0.02 deg/rt-hr limited only by the fundamental Mechanical-Thermal Noise (MTN). Propagation of a detailed noise model to a QMG sealed with getter at a Q-factor of 1e6 (previously demonstrated) showed better than Navigation Grade ARW of 0.001 deg/rt-hr. Combination of the very low ARW with the mode-symmetry enabled self-calibration substantiates the navigation grade performance capacity of the Si-MEMS QMG.
<title>Development of the Water Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope</title> (1994)

Imaging x-ray microscopes currently under development at the Marshall Space Flight Center utilize multilayer x-ray/EUV optical systems and structural components similar to those developed for normal incidence imaging solar x-ray telescopes. The Water Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope is specifically designed to operate at x-ray wavelengths within the `water window' regime, wherein water is relatively transmissive and carbon is highly absorptive. This important natural property of the interaction of x-rays with matter should permit this microscope to sharply delineate carbon based structures within living cells. The ability to image living cells in aqueous physiological environments, with high spatial resolution and high contrast, may afford advantages not available with conventional microscopes and make possible non-invasive strategies for examining living tumor cells without the need of stains or exogeneous chemicals that can produce limiting artifacts. The Water Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope represents a `spinoff' of multilayer x-ray telescope technology. This paper reviews the multilayer x-ray telescope developments which led to this x-ray microscope research. It considers the design, fabrication, optical assembly, alignment, and testing of the prototype microscopes and provides the results of recent studies of ultrahigh resolution photographic films and the design of high reflectivity multilayer coatings for applications in the water window.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza A Virus. XIV. Production and Evaluation of Influenza A/Georgia/74-ts-I[E] Recombinant Viruses in Human Adults (1977)

The two temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions present in influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] (H3N2 68) virus were transferred via genetic reassortment to influenza A/Georgia/74 (H3N2 74) wild-type virus. A recombinant clone possessing both ts lesions and the shutoff temperature of 38 C of the Hong Kong/68 ts donor and the two surface antigens of the Georgia/74 wild-type virus was administered to 32 seronegative adult volunteers. Thirty-one volunteers were infected, of whom only five experienced mild afebrile upper respiratory tract illness. The wild-type recipient virus was a cloned population that induced illness in five of six infected volunteers. Therfore, the attenuation exhibited by the Georgia/74-ts-1[E] virus could reasonably be assumed to be due to the acquisition of the two ts-1[E] lesions by the Georgia/74 wild-type virus. The serum and nasal wash antibody responses of the ts-1[E] vaccinees were equivalent to those of the volunteers who received wild-type virus. The two ts lesions present in the Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] virus have now been transferred three times to a wild-type virus bearing a new hemagglutinin, and in each instance the new ts recombination exhibited a similar, satisfactory level of attenuation and antigenicity for adults. It seems likely that the transfer of the ts-1[E] lesions to any new influenza virus will regularly result in attenuation of a recombinat virus possessing the new surface antigens.
10.3: Electro‐Optical Devices from Banana‐Shaped Liquid Crystals (2001)

Abstract We present the first displays using antiferroelectric smectic phases of banana‐shaped liquid crystal molecules. In appearance these displays are similar to Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (PDLC) but the physical mechanisms responsible for the electrically controlled light scattering are different. In the present case the scattering is due to defect walls separating domains with different tilt directions. In addition there can be two distinct ground—states (“racemic” and “chiral”) that work in opposite ways. The racemic state is scattering in the OFF state and is optically clear under electric fields. The chiral state is transparent at zero fields and is scattering in the field ON state. These two structures may be reversibly interchanged implying their use in devices that consume energy only during switching from one stable state to other.
Endothelial Argininosuccinate Synthase mRNA 5′-Untranslated Region Diversity (2002)

Based on the integral role that argininosuccinate synthase (AS) plays in the production of nitric oxide in vascular endothelial cells and urea in liver, an analysis was carried out to determine whether signals reside in the AS mRNA to account for tissue differences in AS function and location. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and sequence analysis showed that the AS mRNA coding region was the same for both endothelial cells and liver; however, 5'-RACE analysis (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) identified AS mRNA species in endothelial cells in addition to a major 43-nucleotide (nt) 5'-untranslated region (UTR) AS mRNA with overlapping extended 5'-UTRs of 66 and 92 nt. Comparison to the genomic sequence immediately upstream of the reported transcription start site for the human and mouse AS gene suggested that expression of all three species of bovine endothelial AS mRNA are driven by a common promoter and that 5'-UTR diversity in endothelial cells results from three transcriptional initiation sites within exon 1. RNase protection analysis and real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR verified and quantitated the differential expression of the extended 5'-UTR species relative to the major 43-nt 5'-UTR AS mRNA. In vitro translation studies showed a less pronounced but similar discordant expression. Sequential deletions starting from the 5' terminus of the 92-nt 5'-UTR construct resulted in a corresponding increase in translational efficiency, but the most pronounced effect resulted from mutation of an upstream open reading frame, which restored translational efficiency of the 92-nt 5'-UTR AS mRNA. When the different AS mRNA 5'-UTRs, cloned in front of a luciferase reporter gene, were transfected into endothelial cells, the pattern of luciferase expression was nearly identical to that observed for the different 5'-UTR AS mRNAs in endothelial cells. Given the different roles ascribed for argininosuccinate synthase, urea versus NO production, these results suggest that sequence in the AS gene represented by position -92 to -43 nt from the translation start site in the extended AS mRNA 5'-UTRs plays an important role in differential and tissue-specific expression.
User profile-driven resource allocation for cellular networks (2002)

This paper describes a simple method for enhancing the quality of service (QoS) accorded to customers of cellular networks. User mobility profiles of customers are created and maintained based on prior use at the mobile switching centers (MSC). Network resources like cellular channels and bandwidth are preferentially allocated to priority customers. At the same time, regular users of the network are treated fairly. A profile based resource allocation algorithm is described. Simulation results demonstrate the resulting improved QoS like reduced handoff failures to priority users while ensuring good QoS to other customers.
Low complexity sensors for body area networks (2010)

In this work, we present signal processing approaches to offload complexity from resource constrained sensor nodes to gateway/receiver nodes with better power, memory and CPU budgets. We consider the resources in commercially available cell phone platforms to fill the role of both gateway and receiver nodes in emerging Body Sensor Networks, with applications in healthcare. We leverage Compressed Sensing (CS), wherein signals can be reconstructed fairly accurately with high probability from significantly fewer measurements than that suggested by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling rate, albeit with additional complexity at the receiver. This enables receiver nodes with better resource budgets to leverage computationally intensive signal processing algorithms in lieu of on-board processing at the sensor node. We show that aliasing can be avoided at the sensor by trading analog domain complexity for a modest increase in digital domain complexity with synthetic examples and real-time pulse oximeter implementation. We describe ways to leverage receiver resources for mitigating packet losses and sensing artifacts and present experimental results with ECG. Finally, we motivate multi-sensor fusion at the receiver and show that CS paradigm can be used to reduce sensor complexity with sloppy clock management schemes.
A Mixed Double-Sided Incremental Forming Toolpath Strategy for Improved Geometric Accuracy (2015)

Double-sided incremental forming (DSIF) is a relatively new dieless forming process which uses two hemispherical ended tools, one on each side of the sheet, moving along a predefined trajectory to locally deform a peripherally clamped sheet of metal. DSIF provides greater process flexibility, higher formability, and eliminates the tooling cost when compared to conventional sheet forming processes. While DSIF provides much improved geometric accuracy compared to other incremental forming processes, current toolpath planning strategies suffer from long forming times. A novel mixed double-sided incremental forming (MDSIF) toolpath strategy is proposed in the present study. It simultaneously reduces the total forming time by half while preserving the best currently achievable geometric accuracy. The effect of the forming parameters, i.e., of the incremental depth and of tool positioning on the geometric accuracy of the parts formed with MDSIF was investigated and compared to those formed by traditional DSIF strategies.
Rational Synthesis Pathway for Ordered Mesoporous Carbon with Controllable 30‐ to 100‐Angstrom Pores (2008)

A new synthesis strategy for ordered mesoporous carbon with precisely controllable pore sizes in the range of 3 to 10 nm using an inorganic pore expanding agent is demonstrated. The synthesis mechanism involves the formation of borosilicate and boron oxide nanolayers between carbon framework and silica surface within the mesopores of the silica template caused by spontaneous phase separation and subsequent solid state reaction during carbonization. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/c2209_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.