gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local and Network Structure of Thermoreversible Polyrotaxane Hydrogels Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) and Methylated α-Cyclodextrins (2006)

Thermoreversible gelation and microphase formation of aqueous solutions of a methylated polyrotaxane (MePR) were investigated by means of differential scanning microcalorimetry, rheometry, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The aqueous solutions of MePR show a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and form an elastic gel with increasing temperature. The sol-gel transition of the MePR solutions was induced by formation and deformation of aggregates of methylated alpha-cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs) of polyrotaxane due to hydrophobic dehydration and hydration, respectively. The XRD investigation revealed localization and highly ordered arrangement of methylated alpha-CDs along the PEG chain in the gel. The arrangement of CDs was also reflected by the changes in elasticity and long relaxation behavior of the solution around the sol-gel transition. The quasiequilibrium shear modulus of MePR solutions showed the critical phenomena against temperature. The scaling exponents measured at two different concentrations were almost equal to the values predicted by a gel percolation theory. Therefore, the heat-induced gelation of aqueous MePR solutions is well explained by a model in which clusters assembled with methylated alpha-CDs are gradually connected to the network as the temperature increases.
Spatial Sequencing: A Perspective (2020)

Fluorescent spatial sequencing brings next-generation sequencing into a new realm capable of identifying nucleic acids in the cell's natural environment. For the first time, scientists are able to multiplex the assignment of specific locations to hundreds of transcriptional targets and lay the foundation for understanding how genetic changes control the fate of each cell within the tissue microenvironment. In this perspective, we discuss the capabilities of fluorescent spatial sequencing in the context of other spatial imaging technologies and describe how these new technologies offer a data-rich, multiomic solution to many research applications. Fluorescent spatial sequencing has opened options for exploring many fundamental questions in biology, helping us gain a better understanding of cell and tissue development and disease progression.
Breakpoints: An analysis of potential hypervisor attack vectors (2013)

Cloud computing is rapidly transforming the delivery of information services. It offers a scalable, reliable platform to dynamically provision computing resources for geographically distributed users. Despite the benefits of low-cost computing and infrastructure on-demand, the risk of compromised clouds detracts many potential adopters. Cloud services are rendered by virtualized operating systems called virtual machines. Virtual machines reside on specialized servers called hypervisors. Hypervisors provide a conduit to the underlying hardware and resources. Because of their important role, they also represent a prime target for attack. They not only contain virtual machines, but also grant access to hardware resources. The growing number of publicized vulnerabilities indicates that attackers have set their sights on the hypervisor. This research considers vulnerabilities in the ESXi 5.0 hypervisor platform. It focuses on attacks which escalate permissions to exploit host metadata. Four potential attacks vectors are identified and analyzed. Recommendations for coping with these increasing threats are suggested.
A study on the role of the dispersion of repolarization in the induction of ventricular fibrillation using the suction electrode technique. (1989)

The arrhythmogenic role of increased dispersion of repolarization (Dispersion) in monophasic action potentials (MAPs) was studied in 12 open-chest dogs. Following exposure of the heart by pericardial cradle, four MAPs were recorded simultaneously from the right and left ventricular surfaces using the suction electrode technique. Maximum dispersion (maxDIS) was defined as the greatest Dispersion between any two of the four MAPs in atrial pacing and ventricular premature stimulation (VPS). Dispersion was increased by warming the heart with a heat lamp and regional cooling with a cold saline (2-4 degrees C) drip. In control experiments maxDIS in atrial pacing (PCL: 500 ms) was 21 +/- 10 ms. MaxDIS was increased when the VPS was applied at the right ventricular apex (RVa) (maxDIS: 73 +/- 17 ms), at the left ventricular base (LVb) (maxDIS: 78 +/- 34 ms), and at the left ventricular apex (LVa) (maxDIS: 89 +/- 20 ms). Ventricular fibrillation, however was not induced by any VPSs. Warming the heart and regional cooling increased Dispersion from the control value to 180 +/- 58 ms (p less than 0.001), mainly because of the increased MAP duration difference (delta MAPD) in atrial pacing, but no ventricular fibrillation occurred spontaneously. VPS applied at the LVa induced ventricular fibrillation following marked increase of maxDIS, which was due to added contributions of delta MAPD and the maximal difference between activation times (delta AT). With RVb cooling ventricular fibrillation was induced in 16/20 cases (80%) (maxDIS: 286 +/- 124 ms), with RVa cooling in 6/9 cases (67%) (maxDIS: 263 +/- 109 ms), and with LVb cooling in 11/23 cases (48%) (maxDIS: 172 +/- 67 ms). There was significant linear correlation between maxDIS and delta AT (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01), and also delta MAPD (r = 0.80, p less than 0.01). We conclude that the increased Dispersion plays an important role in the induction of ventricular fibrillation. This temperature gradient model is a favorable tool to study the role of Dispersion as one of the important factors which induce ventricular fibrillation.
Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Severe Asthma (2019)

Severe asthma (SA) is a chronic lung disease characterized by recurring symptoms of reversible airflow obstruction, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and inflammation that is resistant to currently employed treatments. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular sensor that detects microbial motifs and endogenous danger signals and represents a key component of innate immune responses in the airways. Assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to caspase 1-dependent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 as well as pyroptosis. Accumulating evidence proposes that NLRP3 activation is critically involved in asthma pathogenesis. In fact, although NLRP3 facilitates the clearance of pathogens in the airways, persistent NLRP3 activation by inhaled irritants and/or innocuous environmental allergens can lead to overt pulmonary inflammation and exacerbation of asthma manifestations. Notably, administration of NLRP3 inhibitors in asthma models restrains AHR and pulmonary inflammation. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SA, present molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant inflammatory responses in the airways, summarize recent studies pertinent to the biology and functions of NLRP3, and discuss the role of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis of asthma. Finally, we contemplate the potential of targeting NLRP3 as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of SA.
Association between dense CADM1 promoter methylation and reduced protein expression in high‐grade CIN and cervical SCC (2008)

We previously showed that silencing of TSLC1, recently renamed CADM1, is functionally involved in high-risk HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. CADM1 silencing often results from promoter methylation. Here, we determined the extent of CADM1 promoter methylation in cervical (pre)malignant lesions and its relation to anchorage-independent growth and gene silencing to select a CADM1-based methylation marker for identification of women at risk of cervical cancer. Methylation-specific PCRs targeting three regions within the CADM1 promoter were performed on high-risk HPV-containing cell lines, PBMCs, normal cervical smears, and (pre)malignant lesions. CADM1 protein expression in cervical tissues was analysed by immunohistochemistry. All statistical tests were two-sided. Density of methylation was associated with the degree of anchorage-independent growth and CADM1 gene silencing in vitro. In cervical squamous lesions, methylation frequency and density increased with severity of disease. Dense methylation (defined as >or= 2 methylated regions) increased from 5% in normal cervical samples to 30% in CIN3 lesions and 83% in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and was significantly associated with decreased CADM1 protein expression (p < 0.00005). The frequency of dense methylation was significantly higher in >or= CIN3 compared with <or= CIN1 (p = 0.005), as well as in SCCs compared with adenocarcinomas (83% versus 23%; p = 0.002). Detection of dense CADM1 promoter methylation will contribute to the assembly of a valuable marker panel for the triage of high-risk HPV-positive women at risk of >or= CIN3.
Optimal time-delay spiking deconvolution and its application in the physical model measurement (1999)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a program containing a combination of social skills training (SST) and parenting training (PT) for the enrichment of social interaction skills and reduction of parenting stress for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) and their parents in Japan. Twenty-two patients with HFASD from second to fourth grade and their parents were assigned to a training group (TG) or treatment as usual (TAU) and compared. The children with HFASD and their parents who were assigned to the TG participated in the manualized program for over a period of five to six months. Subjects provided demographic and medical information and completed teacher and parent-rating scales for social competence (Social Responsiveness Scale-2: SRS-2) and parent-rating of parenting stress (Parental Stress Index: PSI) and mental health (General Health Questionnaire-28: GHQ-28). The participants exhibited some improvements pre-, middle-, and post-treatment, particularly regarding the GHQ, PSI and SRS-2, as reported by parents. However, the social skills improvement reported by teachers was not significant. At the three-month follow-up, parent-rated GHQ and PSI maintained improvement, and SRS-2 achieved the greatest improvement from the baseline rating. Although some findings indicate that a program combination of SST and PT might be useful for enhancing social skills and improving parental stress and mental health, some subscales did not show a sufficient effect. Future research should consider program contents and provide longitudinal follow-up data to test the durability of the treatment.
The human cytomegalovirus IE2 86-kilodalton protein interacts with an early gene promoter via site-specific DNA binding and protein-protein associations (1995)

The 86-kDa immediate-early 2 protein (IE2 86) of human cytomegalovirus is a powerful transactivator of homologous and heterologous promoters, including the human cytomegalovirus 1.2-kb RNA early promoter. Two potential mechanisms for gene activation by IE2 86 include interaction with cellular proteins and direct DNA binding. In this report, we show that the 1.2-kb RNA promoter contains a cis-acting AP-1 site, critical for its activation by IE2 86 in vivo, and that IE2 86, purified as a glutathione S-transferase-IE86 fusion protein, can interact with c-Jun and JunB. Additionally, by coimmunoprecipitation, we document that JunB and IE2 86 do associate in vivo. Further in vitro analysis reveals that Fos proteins are able to associate with glutathione S-transferase-IE86 only when present as a Jun-Fos heterodimer. With a set of IE2 86 mutants, we demonstrate that three independent regions of the IE2 86 interact in vitro with c-Jun, two of which are essential for activation of the 1.2-kb RNA promoter in vivo. We also show that IE2 86 can bind directly to this promoter through a sequence located just upstream of the AP-1 site between nucleotides -125 and -97. This discrete domain shares sequence homology with the cis-repression signal on the IE gene.
Galectin-4 and Galectin-6 Are Two Closely Related Lectins Expressed in Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract (1998)

Galectins are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that share a conserved sequence and affinity for beta-galactosides. Some, such as galectin-1, are isolated as dimers and have a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in each monomer, whereas others, such as galectin-4, are isolated as monomers and have two CRDs in a single polypeptide chain. In the course of studying mouse colon mRNA for galectin-4, we detected a related mRNA that encodes a new galectin that also has two CRDs in a single peptide chain. The new galectin, galectin-6, lacks a 24-amino acid stretch in the link region between the two CRDs that is present in galectin-4. Otherwise, these two galectins have 83% amino acid identity. Expression of both galectin-4 and galectin-6 is confined to the epithelial cells of the embryonic and adult gastrointestinal tract. Galectin-4 is expressed at about equal levels in colon and small intestine but much less in stomach, whereas galectin-6 is expressed at about equal levels throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Aberrant cardiolipin metabolism in the yeast <i>taz1</i> mutant: a model for Barth syndrome (2003)

In eukaryotic cells, the acyl species of the phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) are more highly unsaturated than those of the other membrane phospholipids. Defective acylation of CL with unsaturated fatty acids and decreased total CL are associated with Barth syndrome, an X-linked cardio- and skeletal myopathy attributed to a defect in the gene G4.5 (also known as tafazzin). We constructed a yeast mutant (taz1) containing a null mutation in the homologue of the human G4.5 gene. The yeast taz1Delta mutant was temperature sensitive for growth in ethanol as sole carbon source, but grew normally on glucose or glycerol plus ethanol. Total CL content was reduced in the taz1Delta mutant, and monolyso-CL accumulated. The predominant CL acyl species found in wild-type cells, C18:1 and C16:1, were markedly reduced in the mutant, whereas CL molecules containing saturated fatty acids were present. Interestingly, CL synthesis increased in the mutant, whereas expression of the CL structural genes CRD1 and PGS1 did not, suggesting that de novo biosynthetic enzyme activities are regulated by CL acylation. These results indicate that the taz1Delta mutant is an excellent genetic tool for the study of CL remodelling and may serve as a model system for the study of Barth syndrome.
Teaford, Jon C. <i>Cities of the Heartland: The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest</i> (1994)

Teaford, Jon C. Cities of the Heartland: The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 300. 22 black and white plates, tables, notes, index. $39.95 cloth. An article from journal Urban History Review / Revue d'histoire urbaine (Volume 23, Number 1, November 1994, pp. 3-71), on Érudit.
Fault section identification and location on a distribution feeder using travelling waves (2003)

This paper describes how the fault generated travelling waves detected in the current signals at a single location on a distribution feeder can be used for fault section identification and location. The method identifies the fault section and the probable location of the fault by comparing the relative distance of each "peak" in the high frequency current signals to the known reflection points in the distribution feeder. The probable fault location is then used within a transient power system simulator that models the actual network. The resulting simulated current waveforms are then cross-correlated against the signal captured on the real network. If the estimated fault location is correct, the high frequency signatures in the simulated waveform will be similar to that of the measured waveforms and the cross-correlation value will be a high positive value. Simulation studies using PSCAD/EMTDC and analysis using cross-correlation technique suggest that the method described can accurately locate a fault on a distribution feeder using measurement at a single location.
Inverse ZrO2/Cu as a highly efficient methanol synthesis catalyst from CO2 hydrogenation (2020)

Enhancing the intrinsic activity and space time yield of Cu based heterogeneous methanol synthesis catalysts through CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation is one of the major topics in CO<sub>2</sub> conversion into value-added liquid fuels and chemicals. Here we report inverse ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Cu catalysts with a tunable Zr/Cu ratio have been prepared via an oxalate co-precipitation method, showing excellent performance for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to methanol. Under optimal condition, the catalyst composed by 10% of ZrO<sub>2</sub> supported over 90% of Cu exhibits the highest mass-specific methanol formation rate of 524 g<sub>MeOH</sub>kg<sub>cat</sub><sup>-1</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> at 220 °C, 3.3 times higher than the activity of traditional Cu/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalysts (159 g<sub>MeOH</sub>kg<sub>cat</sub><sup>-1</sup>h<sup>-1</sup>). In situ XRD-PDF, XAFS and AP-XPS structural studies reveal that the inverse ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Cu catalysts are composed of islands of partially reduced 1-2 nm amorphous ZrO<sub>2</sub> supported over metallic Cu particles. The ZrO<sub>2</sub> islands are highly active for the CO<sub>2</sub> activation. Meanwhile, an intermediate of formate adsorbed on the Cu at 1350 cm<sup>-1</sup> is discovered by the in situ DRIFTS. This formate intermediate exhibits fast hydrogenation conversion to methoxy. The activation of CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrogenation of all the surface oxygenate intermediates are significantly accelerated over the inverse ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Cu configuration, accounting for the excellent methanol formation activity observed.
Rapid and fully automated bacterial pathogen detection on a centrifugal-microfluidic LabDisk using highly sensitive nested PCR with integrated sample preparation (2015)

Diagnosis of infectious diseases suffers from long turnaround times for gold standard culture-based identification of bacterial pathogens, therefore impeding timely specific antimicrobial treatment based on laboratory evidence. Rapid molecular diagnostics-based technologies enable detection of microorganisms within hours however cumbersome workflows and complex equipment still prevent their widespread use in the routine clinical microbiology setting. We developed a centrifugal-microfluidic "LabDisk" system for rapid and highly-sensitive pathogen detection on a point-of-care analyser. The unit-use LabDisk with pre-stored reagents features fully automated and integrated DNA extraction, consensus multiplex PCR pre-amplification and geometrically-multiplexed species-specific real-time PCR. Processing merely requires loading of the sample and DNA extraction reagents with minimal hands-on time of approximately 5 min. We demonstrate detection of as few as 3 colony-forming-units (cfu) of Staphylococcus warneri, 200 cfu of Streptococcus agalactiae, 5 cfu of Escherichia coli and 2 cfu of Haemophilus influenzae in a 200 μL serum sample. The turnaround time of the complete analysis from "sample-to-result" was 3 h and 45 min. The LabDisk consequently provides an easy-to-use molecular diagnostic platform for rapid and highly-sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens without requiring major hands-on time and complex laboratory instrumentation.
Assessment of serum and bile levels of CA19‐9 and CA125 in cholangitis and bile duct carcinoma (1991)

In this study, CA19-9 and CA125 in serum and bile were measured to evaluate their diagnostic value in cholangitis and bile duct carcinoma. Patients were classified into three groups: group A, the control group, had cholelithiasis without infection (n = 23), group B had acute cholangitis (n = 25) and group C had bile duct carcinoma without bacterial infection (n = 18). All patients had undergone surgery, and bile and serum of the patients were measured for the two tumour markers by radio-immunoassay. The positivity rate for serum CA19-9 was 4.4% in the control group, 28.0% in group B and 61.1% in group C. The positivity rates for serum CA125 in groups control, B and C were 0%, 4% and 27.78% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy for bile duct carcinoma was 67.4% for both CA19-9 or CA125. The concentration of CA19-9 in bile was more than 1200 ng/mL in 72% of patients with acute cholangitis, in 61.1% of all patients with bile duct carcinoma and 0% in the control group. The frequency of concentrations of CA125 in bile greater than 200 ng/mL was 38.89% in bile duct carcinoma and none was observed in the control or acute cholangitis groups. In conclusion, the concentration of CA19-9 was increased not only by the tumour itself, but also by infection. In the diagnosis of bile duct carcinomas, the sensitivity of CA125 was low but its specificity was very high.
Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates human immunodeficiency virus replication in human monocytic cells (1994)

Macrophage activation resulting from phagocytosis has the potential to modulate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. We have determined the effects of phagocytosis of particulate stimuli on transcription and release of HIV. Using THP-1 and Mono Mac 6 human monocytic cell lines transfected with HIV long terminal repeat sequence chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (LTR CAT) constructs we have demonstrated that phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhanced HIV-1 and -2 LTR CAT expression. However phagocytosis of zymosan or inert latex beads had little or no effect on CAT expression. Enhancement of HIV LTR CAT expression was dependent upon intact NF-kappa B binding sites and was independent of tumour necrosis factor alpha secretion. M. tuberculosis strains of different degrees of virulence induced similar levels of enhanced CAT expression. In contrast, phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis by HIV-1-infected THP-1 cells reduced supernatant reverse transcriptase (RT) activity without suppression of p24 antigen release. Phagocytosis of zymosan granules or latex particles did not alter released RT activity. However, phagocytosis of either M. tuberculosis, zymosan granules or latex particles by HIV-1-infected human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages reduced supernatant RT activity. These data indicate that phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis may enhance HIV transcription in monocytic cells although it may reduce release of intact HIV.
mHRG: Miniature CVG with beyond navigation grade performance and real time self-calibration (2016)

This paper reports two new milestones in the development of miniaturized Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes (CVG) with beyond navigation grade performance. Firstly, a small size and low parts count milli-Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscope (mHRG) based on a drastically simplified production unit is demonstrated with measured 0.00025 deg/rt-hr ARW and 0.005 deg/hr bias. Secondly, real time self-calibration is validated using a dual mHRG system achieving strategic grade stability of 0.001 deg/hr over days of time and over temperature. We believe results of this work provide a valuable state of the art reference to both the inertial and MEMS communities pursuing next generation CVG architectures, designs, and self-calibration.