gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Interferometer Phase Error on Direct-Detection DPSK and DQPSK Signals (2004)

Based on the well-known Marcum's Q function, closed-form formulae are derived to evaluate the error probability of direct-detected differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) signals with interferometer phase error. For a signal-to-noise ratio penalty less than 1 dB, the phase error must be less than 16/spl deg/ and 6/spl deg/ for DPSK and DQPSK signals, respectively.
A critical role for neutrophil elastase in experimental bullous pemphigoid (2000)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by subepidermal blisters and autoantibodies against 2 hemidesmosome-associated proteins, BP180 and BP230. The immunopathologic features of BP can be reproduced in mice by passive transfer of anti-BP180 antibodies. Lesion formation in this animal model depends upon complement activation and neutrophil recruitment. In the present study, we investigated the role of neutrophil elastase (NE) in antibody-induced blister formation in experimental BP. Abnormally high levels of caseinolytic activity, consistent with NE, were detected in extracts of lesional skin and blister fluid of mice injected with anti-BP180 IgG. The pathogenic anti-BP180 IgG failed to induce subepidermal blistering in NE-null (NE(-/-)) mutant mice. NE(-/-) mice reconstituted with neutrophils from wild-type mice became susceptible to experimental BP. Wild-type mice given NE inhibitors (alpha1-proteinase inhibitor and Me-O-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH(2)Cl), but not mice given cathepsin G/chymase inhibitors (alpha1-antichymotrypsin or Z-Gly-Leu-Phe-CH(2)Cl), were resistant to the pathogenic activity of anti-BP180 antibodies. Incubation of murine skin with NE induced BP-like epidermal-dermal detachment. Finally, NE cleaved BP180 in vitro and in vivo. These results implicate NE directly in the dermal-epidermal cleavage induced by anti-BP180 antibodies in the experimental BP model.
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>Dap1p, a Novel DNA Damage Response Protein Related to the Mammalian Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor (2003)

The response to damage is crucial for cellular survival, and eukaryotic cells require a broad array of proteins for an intact damage response. We have found that the YPL170W (DAP1 [for damage response protein related to membrane-associated progesterone receptors]) gene is required for growth in the presence of the methylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The DAP1 open reading frame shares homology with a broadly conserved family of membrane-associated progesterone receptors (MAPRs). Deletion of DAP1 leads to sensitivity to MMS, elongated telomeres, loss of mitochondrial function, and partial arrest in sterol synthesis. Sensitivity of dap1 strains to MMS is not due to loss of damage checkpoints. Instead, dap1 cells are arrested as unbudded cells after MMS treatment, suggesting that Dap1p is required for cell cycle progression following damage. Dap1p also directs resistance to itraconazole and fluconazole, inhibitors of sterol synthesis. We have found that dap1 cells have slightly decreased levels of ergosterol but increased levels of the ergosterol intermediates squalene and lanosterol, indicating that dap1 cells have a partial defect in sterol synthesis. This is the first evidence linking a MAPR family member to sterol regulation or the response to damage, and these functions are probably conserved in a variety of eukaryotes.
Alcoholic ingredients in skin disinfectants increase biofilm expression of Staphylococcus epidermidis (2002)

The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus epidermidis is correlated with biofilm formation. We investigated the effect of three common alcoholic skin disinfectants, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol, on the biofilm formation of 37 clinical, icaADBC-positive S. epidermidis isolates. In alcohol-supplemented media 18 strains displayed increased biofilm expression. Sixteen of 19 strains were generally incapable of biofilm formation. In three representative isolates, the increase in biofilm formation was paralleled by increased polysaccharide intercellular adhesin synthesis. Regarding the widespread use of alcoholic skin disinfectants, it is possible that the alcohol-inducible biofilm phenotype of S. epidermidis could add to the development of foreign body-related infections.
Oral Deliverable Mucoadhesive Chitosan-Salmonella Subunit Nanovaccine for Layer Chickens (2020)

Sankar Renu, 1 Ashley D Markazi, 2 Santosh Dhakal, 1 Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa, 1 Revathi Shanmugasundaram, 2 Ramesh K Selvaraj, 3 Gourapura J Renukaradhya 1 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; 2Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 3Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USACorrespondence: Gourapura J RenukaradhyaFood Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USATel +1 330-263-3748Fax +1 330-263-3677Email gourapura.1@osu.eduRamesh K SelvarajDepartment of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAEmail selvaraj@uga.eduPurpose: Salmonellosis in poultry is a serious economic burden. A major concern is the public health hazard caused by consumption of Salmonella-contaminated poultry products. Currently used Salmonella vaccines are ineffective in combating poultry Salmonellosis warranting the need of a potent vaccine, especially an oral vaccine that can elicit robust local intestinal immunity.Materials and Methods: A Salmonella subunit chitosan nanoparticles (NPs)-based vaccine was prepared that contained immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and -flagellin (F) protein (OMPs-F-CS NPs). OMPs-F-CS NPs were administered as an oral vaccine in layer chickens and the resultant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and localization of NPs were examined using standard detection methods.Results: We demonstrated targeting of surface F-protein coated chitosan NPs to immune cells when delivered orally to layer chickens, the particles were localized in ileal Peyer&amp;rsquo;s patches. The OMPs-F-CS NPs vaccinated layer chickens had significantly higher OMPs-specific mucosal IgA production and lymphocyte proliferation response. The candidate vaccine increased the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, IFN-&amp;gamma;, TGF-&amp;szlig; and IL-4 mRNA expression in chicken cecal tonsils.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the chitosan-based oral Salmonella nanovaccine targets immune cells of chickens and induced antigen-specific B and T cell responses. This candidate oral Salmonella nanovaccine has the potential to mitigate Salmonellosis in poultry.Keywords: chickens, chitosan nanoparticle, Salmonella antigens, oral delivery, mucosal immune response
Moderate Hypoxia Potentiates Interleukin-1β Production in Activated Human Macrophages (2014)

These results indicate that hypoxia potentiates IL-1β expression in cultured human macrophages and in the context of atheromata, therefore unveiling a novel proinflammatory mechanism that may participate in atherogenesis.
Corrosion Assessment of Aluminium Conductor for Medium Voltage Cables for Subsea Umbilical System (2018)

High tensile strength aluminum offers great potential as a conductor material for Medium Voltage power cables within subsea umbilicals. Its excellent fatigue performance makes it suitable for dynamic umbilicals and its high tensile strength and light weight make it an ideal candidate for deepwater dynamic umbilicals either as an independent load bearing member or as an electrical conductor taking load share in an armoured or steel tube umbilical. Umbilicals, are the bundles of electrical and hydraulic components that connect and control elements of a subsea Oil and Gas production system. 6000 series aluminum conductors, commonly known as AAAC (All Aluminum Alloy) conductors are widely used on high voltage overhead transmission lines, primarily on long spans due to their increased tensile strength. They have been widely used in various environments and possess an excellent track record. However, the use of AAAC 6000 series in a subsea umbilical system is novel. The cable located inside an umbilical bundle is normally of a wet insulation design, and an area of concern is that the seawater may permeate through the cable insulation allowing the conductor material to be in contact with water throughout its design life. Hence the corrosion resistance of the AAAC 6000 series in a seawater environment is of paramount importance and therefore must be assessed. This paper details the corrosion assessment of the 6000 series aluminum power cable conductor at RINA Consulting Ltd’s laboratories together with complimentary field testing. The presented test results are based on long term (6–12 months) laboratory testing. The test programme investigated permeation, impact of temperature, effect of hydrostatic pressure and galvanic corrosion, with the tests being performed on material coupons and cable samples in a simulated seawater environment. Also detailed is the outcome of a full-scale cable field immersion test, 6 months under 1000m depth at seabed temperature of 10°C. The results demonstrated that there was no Cl− and Na+ ion permeation through the insulation layer. Also, there is no sign of aluminium conductor corrosion and no drop-in insulation resistance witnessed for all tested samples at temperatures up to 90°C and under a high pressure of 300bar after a one year test period, which is sufficient to qualify use in a subsea application. Based on the results of the presented laboratory testing and field immersion testing, it can be concluded that 6000 series aluminium conductors within ‘wet design’ Medium Voltage power cables will not be susceptible to corrosion in a subsea environment and could be used in other applications such as renewables.
Antibiotic disk diffusion testing revisited. Single strain regression analysis (1991)

The standardized (NCCLS, ICS, DIN etc.) disk diffusion method is the most widespread technique for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Interpretive zone breakpoints are calculated from the regular regression line between minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of bacterial isolates and the corresponding inhibition zone diameters around the disk containing the antibiotic. Studies of the regression line has revealed marked differences between different bacterial species. A newly described equation, the single strain regression analysis (SRA) equation, can be used to determine the regression line constants for individual strains. This method was applied to ciprofloxacin and S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, and P. maltophilia. The slope and intercept constants were determined for all 40 strains and showed a strong similarity within each species. A close similarity was also observed between the two Pseudomonas species and between S. aureus and E. faecalis. When the regression lines calculated by SRA for individual strains were extrapolated towards higher MIC values, the lines obtained for the more susceptible strains predicted the zones of more resistant strains within the species. The applications of SRA to several other antibiotics and bacterial species in earlier studies were reviewed. One exception to the predictive power of SRA has been detected earlier, H. influenzae and erythromycin. This led to the formulation of the standard curve regression analysis (SCA) equation which requires the use of two or more strains. Methodological aspects of SRA/SCA applications were presented. Three areas are particularly well suited for the use of SRA/SCA: 1. Calculation of interpretive zone breakpoints corresponding to recommended MIC limits in the individual laboratory. 2. Analysis of the effects of various disk contents of antibiotic on the resulting inhibition zones for various bacteria when new antibiotics are introduced. 3. Analytical tool as part of external quality control programmes.
The Spectrum of Fine-Grained Reservoirs From (2013)

Abstract A spectrum of combinations of rock and hydrocarbon properties in fine-grained rocks can result in significant production, effectively spanning 'conventional' tight oil to fractured 'shale' gas reservoirs, in four main families based on dominant porosity-permeability system and stratal relations (i.e., 'Conventional' tight, Hybrid/Interbedded, Porous 'shale', Fractured 'shale'). Fine-grained reservoir types comprise 'shale-oil' reservoirs at lower thermal maturities and pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions to 'shale-gas' reservoirs at higher maturities and P-T conditions. These fine-grained reservoirs can contain a variety of pore types: inter-granular, intra-granular, fracture, intra-kerogen, and intra-pyrobitumen/char -- the last two 'organic-hosted' types are more obvious at higher maturities. 'Shale-oil' reservoirs share many attributes with 'shale-gas' reservoirs, but have some distinct differences. The key additional dimension is the properties of the hydrocarbon fluids: Over geological time, fluid density and phase influence fluid saturation in the matrix, and in the short term, viscosity and phase affect flow and production rates. Hence, two main classes of attributes affect ultimate 'shale' reservoir performance: rock properties (mainly permeability) and fluid properties (mainly viscosity) that are influenced by the full geological history of the reservoir. Overall reservoir permeability includes both matrix and fracture characteristics: Matrix permeability is a function of original depositional composition, texture, bedding, and stratal stacking plus burial history (thermal stress, diagenesis). Fracture permeability is a function of the same controls as matrix permeability along with structural history (mechanical stress). Fluid properties (viscosity, density) are also controlled by original depositional properties (which determine kerogen type) and burial/uplift history, along with present-day reservoir pressure and temperature. The higher thermal maturities of 'shale-gas' reservoirs result in contrasts with 'shale-oil' reservoirs: they tend to have less smectite due to illitization, but more obvious porosity associated with kerogen and bitumen. These factors modify the porosity-permeability system and well-log responses. Appreciation of the similarities and differences between 'shale-gas' and 'shale-oil' enables more efficient and effective exploitation of the full range of resource types.
Comparison of various binary dividers in I/sup 2/L and CHIL technology (1979)

The conventional six-gate I/SUP 2/L binary divider and some four-gate dividers were built and compared. The six-gate divider requires the most real estate, but its design presents no critical problems; it has the highest maximum divider frequency and the smallest power dissipation per input switching operation.
Convenient syntheses of carboxylic acid functionalized fluoropolymer surfaces (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient syntheses of carboxylic acid functionalized fluoropolymer surfacesMolly S. Shoichet and Thomas J. McCarthyCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5, 982–986Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00005a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00005a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views593Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lipids, lysosomes and mitochondria: insights into Lewy body formation from rare monogenic disorders (2021)

Accumulation of the protein α-synuclein into insoluble intracellular deposits termed Lewy bodies (LBs) is the characteristic neuropathological feature of LB diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with LB (DLB). α-Synuclein aggregation is thought to be a critical pathogenic event in the aetiology of LB disease, based on genetic analyses, fundamental studies using model systems, and the observation of LB pathology in post-mortem tissue. However, some monogenic disorders not traditionally characterised as synucleinopathies, such as lysosomal storage disorders, iron storage disorders and mitochondrial diseases, appear disproportionately vulnerable to the deposition of LBs, perhaps suggesting the process of LB formation may be a result of processes perturbed as a result of these conditions. The present review discusses biological pathways common to monogenic disorders associated with LB formation, identifying catabolic processes, particularly related to lipid homeostasis, autophagy and mitochondrial function, as processes that could contribute to LB formation. These findings are discussed in the context of known mediators of α-synuclein aggregation, highlighting the potential influence of impairments to these processes in the aetiology of LB formation.
An improved gate driver for power MOSFETs using a cascode configuration (2014)

To overcome the limitations of existing gate drive topologies an improved gate drive concept is proposed to provide fast, controlled switching of power MOSFETs.The proposed topology exploits the cascode configuration with the inclusion of an active gate clamp to ensure that the driven MOSFET may be turned off under all load conditions.Key operating principles and advantages of the proposed gate drive topology are discussed.Characteristic waveforms are investigated via simulation and experimentation for the cascode driver in an inductive switching application at 375V and 10A.Experimental waveforms compared well with simulations with long gate charging delays (including the Miller plateau) being eliminated from the gate voltage waveform.
Effects of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Concentration on the Permeability of PEG-Grafted Liposomes (2005)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted liposomes (PEG-liposomes) were prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with various amounts of distearoyl-N-monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-succinyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (DSPE-PEG) with PEG molecular weights of 1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000. The effects of DSPE-PEG concentration on the permeability of PEG-liposomes were investigated using carboxyfluorescein (CF). In the gel state, the CF leakage from PEG-liposomes was decreased with increasing mole fractions of DSPE-PEG for all PEG molecular weights. In the liquid-crystalline state, the CF leakage from PEG-liposomes containing DSPE-PEG1000 gradually increased with increasing mole fractions of DSPE-PEG, while that of PEG-liposomes whose molecular weight in PEG units was above 2000 rapidly decreased by the addition of DSPE-PEG. Furthermore, no effect of PEG molecular weight on CF leakage was observed. The relationship between the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) (or 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH)) and the mole fraction of DSPE-PEG for PEG-liposomes was also investigated. No significant changes in fluorescence polarization of DPH for liposomal bilayer membranes was observed in the gel and liquid-crystalline states due to the addition of DSPE-PEG, while that of TMA-DPH was decreased compared with that of liposomes without DSPE-PEG in both states.
An area-efficient 5GHz/10GHz dual-mode VCO with coupled helical inductors in 0.13-UM CMOS technology (2011)

The helical inductor is a three-dimensional multi-layer inductor with relatively higher quality factor and self resonance frequency compare with other multi-layer inductors. A new dual-mode coupled-inductor VCO based on helical inductors is proposed, which is able to work on 5GHz and 10GHz band. Because of the helical inductors used, the proposed VCO is much more area-efficient than previous coupled-inductor structure. The simulation results show that the phase noise at 1 MHz offset is -101.6dBc/Hz and -101.3dBc/Hz at the frequency of 4.8GHz and 10.4GHz, respectively. The VCO draws 4mA from 1.2 V supply.
Somatotopical feedback versus non-somatotopical feedback for phantom digit sensation on amputees using electrotactile stimulation (2015)

We quantified the difference between SF and NF, and the influence of different number of stimulation channels. SF was better than NF in general, but the practical issues such as the limited area of stumps could constrain the use of SF. We found that more channels increased the amount and richness of information to the amputee while fewer channels resulted in higher performance, and thus the 3C/SF modality was a good compromise. Based on this study, we provide possible solutions to the practical problems involving the implementation of tactile feedback for amputees. These results are expected to promote the application of SF and NF tactile feedback for amputees in the future.