gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bismuth Substituted Strontium Cobalt Perovskites for Catalyzing Oxygen Evolution (2019)

In this study, we employ the strategy of substitution with more electronegative/acidic A-site ions in the cobalt perovskites to alter O 2p-band center, surface hydroxide affinity, and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and stability in the basic electrolyte. Galvanostatically charged Bi0.2Sr0.8CoO3-δ (δ close to zero) was shown to exhibit record OER specific activity exceeding not only LaxSr1-xCoO3-δ but also charged SrCoO3-δ (δ close to zero), one of the most active oxide OER catalysts reported so far. The enhanced OER activity of charged Bi0.2Sr0.8CoO3-δ can be attributed to greater hydroxide affinity facilitating the deprotonation of surface bound intermediates due to the presence of strong Lewis acidic A-site Bi3+ ions, while the high stability can result from lowered O 2p-band center relative to the Fermi level. This work provides a novel example in the rational design of highly active oxide catalysts for OER by leveraging the inductive effect.
On the Extraction of Curve Skeletons using Gradient Vector Flow (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new variational framework for computing continuous curve skeletons from discrete objects that are suitable for structural shape representation. We have derived a new energy function, which is proportional to some medialness function, such that the minimum cost path between any two medial voxels in the shape is a curve skeleton. We have employed two different medialness functions; the Euclidean distance field and a variant of the magnitude of the gradient vector flow (GVF), resulting in two different energy functions. The first energy controls the identification of the shape topological nodes from which curve skeletons start, while the second one controls the extraction of curve skeletons. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed framework are validated both quantitatively and qualitatively against competing techniques as well as several 3D shapes of different complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF SPARSOMYCIN AND ITS ANALOGS: OCTYLSPARSOMYCIN: THE FIRST ANALOG MORE ACTIVE THAN SPARSOMYCIN (1984)

Abstract Dargestellt und auf cxtostatische Aktivität untersucht werden die Verbindungen (IV), (V) und (VII ).
Stable, single-(array)-mode operation from phase-locked, interferometric arrays of index-guided AlGaAs/GaAs diode lasers (1988)

Single-array-mode (L=8) oscillation is achieved with virtually diffraction-limited beams to three times above lasing threshold, and with beamwidths 1.5 times the diffraction limit at 4.7 times above lasing threshold and 130 mW output power per uncoated emitting facet. The arrays are 10/11-element wide-waveguide-interferometric (WWI) AlGaAs/GaAs lasers grown by liquid-phase epitaxy over channeled substrates. Selection of the L=8 mode is a consequence of two mode-dependent loss mechanisms: transverse antiguiding between elements and radiation losses in the interferometer. Near-field pattern analysis indicates that the (high-order) array mode is self-stabilizing with increasing drive above threshold. Simple means of achieving single-lobe operation are discussed.
New paradigm for tumor theranostic methodology using bacteria-based microrobot (2013)

We propose a bacteria-based microrobot (bacteriobot) based on a new fusion paradigm for theranostic activities against solid tumors. We develop a bacteriobot using the strong attachment of bacteria to Cy5.5-coated polystyrene microbeads due to the high-affinity interaction between biotin and streptavidin. The chemotactic responses of the bacteria and the bacteriobots to the concentration gradients of lysates or spheroids of solid tumors can be detected as the migration of the bacteria and/or the bacteriobots out of the central region toward the side regions in a chemotactic microfluidic chamber. The bacteriobots showed higher migration velocity toward tumor cell lysates or spheroids than toward normal cells. In addition, when only the bacteriobots were injected to the CT-26 tumor mouse model, Cy5.5 signal was detected from the tumor site of the mouse model. In-vitro and in-vivo tests verified that the bacteriobots had chemotactic motility and tumor targeting ability. The new microrobot paradigm in which bacteria act as microactuators and microsensors to deliver microstructures to tumors can be considered a new theranostic methodology for targeting and treating solid tumors.
Detection and measurement of surface contamination by multiple antineoplastic drugs using multiplex bead assay (2014)

The use of FCMIA with a simple sampling technique has potential for low cost simultaneous detection and semi-quantitative measurement of surface contamination from multiple antineoplastic drugs.
Improved temperature stability in SAW resonator filters using multiple coupling paths (1979)

An extension of the interfering delay path concept, put forth by Browning and Lewis, is used to provide temperature compensation within a class of two-section SAW resonator filters without adding significantly to to filter complexity. An example calculation shows that the temperature range ΔT for ±1° phase stability can be increased by threefold over the ΔT range provided by conventional filters on ST-X quartz. Design equations are given.
Extension of Single Scatter Simulation to Scatter Correction of Time-of-Flight PET (2007)

We extend the single scatter simulation (SSS) algorithm for scatter correction of three dimensional positron emission tomography to include the case in which the scattered annihilation radiation is discriminated according to its differential time-of-flight (TOF). Good agreement between computed and measured TOF dependent scatter is observed in phantom and human data. Significant differences between TOF dependent and non-TOF dependent scatter are found. Because TOF scoring removes the degeneracy in ray sum calculations, TOF SSS takes about seven times longer than non-TOF SSS to compute the scatter sinogram itself. However, when the overhead due to image computation and iteration is factored in, the clinical performance is only a factor of three slower.
Evaluation of the accessibility of CCA metals in liquefied CCA-treated wood sludge for recovery and reuse (2009)

CCA-treated wood was liquefied with polyethylene glycol/glycerin and sulfuric acid. The heavy metals were precipitated by Ca(OH)2 from liquefied CCA-treated wood. The original CCA-treated wood and precipitated wood sludge were fractionated by a modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The purpose of the BCR sequential extraction used in this study was to exam the accessibility of the heavy metals in CCA-treated wood for reuse. The two different size CCA-treated wood particles used for liquefaction had similar heavy metal distributions. As and Cr showed similar distributions as original CCA-treated wood and principally existed in an oxidizable fraction (As, 67%; Cr, 88%). Cu was largely present in the reducible fraction (49%) and exchangeable/acid extractable fraction (34%) in original CCA-treated wood. The distribution of As and Cr changed markedly after liquefaction. The amount of As in the exchangeable/acid extractable fraction increased from16% to 85% while the amount of Cr increased from 3% to 54%. Based on these results from sequential extraction procedures, it can be concluded that the accessibilities of CCA metals was increased markedly by the liquefaction-precipitation process. Only a small amount of heavy metals were precipitated by direct centrifugation and most were precipitated with Ca(OH)2. The distributions of the heavy metals didn’t vary markedly between the liquefied CCA-treated wood sludge samples obtained by filtration and centrifugation methods.
Differential and gradient microphone arrays (2003)

Differential microphone arrays have been in existence for more than 7 decades and are the basis of most commercial directional microphones in use today. These microphones obtain directionality by combining the acoustic pressure and the pressure-difference to form what is termed a first-order differential microphone. Differential microphones are inherently superdirectional since they can obtain broadband directional gains of up to 6.0 dB in an array that is physically much smaller than the acoustic wavelength. Differential arrays constructed by subtracting omnidirectional microphones are inherently more flexible in that the directional response can be easily and continuously varied from omnidirectional to hypercardioid. The simultaneous measurement of the acoustic pressure and particle velocity allows one to estimate the complex acoustic intensity along the axis of a microphone pair. A measure of the complex acoustic intensity vector can be obtained using a minimum of four pressure-sensing microphones. Higher-order differential microphones are also possible by using more microphone elements, but the problems of microphone calibration and signal-to-noise combine to practically realize microphones of differential order greater than third order. We will present some of the history of differential microphone array design and discuss some applications related to hands-free communication, hearing aids, and spatial audio recording.
Colquirite doped with Cr3+: a new solid-state laser (1988)

We have investigated the spectroscopic and laser properties of LiCaAlF6, or colquirite, doped with Cr3+ ions. The crystal seems quite promising as a laser host, as the material has been observed to crystallize well and to lase with a rather low threshold of 50 mW of pump power when utilizing 1 % output coupling. We have conducted preliminary measurements of the slope efficiency with 5% output coupling and have found the values to be comparable with those reported for alexandrite, which is currently recognized to be the most efficient Cr3+ solid-state laser.
Traitements automatiques pour la migration de documents numériques vers XML (2006)

De plus en plus de societes migrent leur systeme de gestion de fonds documentaires vers le formalisme XML, le standard industriel pour l’echange de donnees. Afin de reduire les couts de la migration, nous proposons une approche pour realiser des conversions de documents orientes presentation vers des documents semantiques. L’interet de notre methode consiste a automatiser le processus de conversion en utilisant des techniques d’apprentissage supervise pour apprendre un modele de conversion pour une collection de documents. Nous decomposons la conversion en deux etapes pour simplifier le probleme, une premiere etape d’annotation semantique et une seconde etape de structuration semantique du document qui respecte le schema XML decrivant la classe des documents finaux.
Transparent Ceramic Scintillators for Gamma Spectroscopy and Imaging (2017)

New transparent ceramic scintillators offer advantages for applications in gamma spectroscopy and X-ray imaging. For gamma spectroscopy, excellent light yield, material uniformity, light yield proportionality, mechanical and environmental ruggedness can be achieved in polycrystalline ceramic oxide garnets. We have fabricated 5 in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Ce-doped Gd garnet transparent ceramics. GYGAG(Ce) garnet transparent ceramics offer ρ = 5.8g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> = 48, principal decay of <;100 ns, and light yield of 50,000 Ph/MeV. When pixelated, we obtain R(662 keV) = 3.0%, for GYGAG(Ce) with silicon photodiode readout. For lens-coupled radiographic imaging, thin transparent scintillators without optical scatter are required. The transparent ceramic bixbyite scintillator, (Gd,Lu,Eu) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , or “GLO,” offers excellent x-ray stopping, due to its Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> = 68 and density of 9.1 g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . High transparency is achieved by minimizing the formation of secondary phases by adding Gd to the Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> structure. The 12” x 12” GLO imaging plates outperform scintillator glass for MeV radiography, due to higher light yield (55,000 Ph/MeV) and better stopping, while providing spatial resolution of >8 lp/mm for MeV X-rays.
New active paclitaxel glucuronide derivative with improved water solubility. (1998)

Poor solubility of paclitaxel constitutes an important limitation to its administration to cancer patients. In order to increase solubility, while preserving cytotoxicity, a new paclitaxel derivative substituted at the 2' position of the side chain was prepared. The first step consisted in the introduction of a glutaryl group at the 2' position by esterification of the free hydroxyl followed by an amidation with 6-amino hexanol previously attached to a glucuronide group. The new water soluble derivative was cytotoxic in vitro against an ovarian teratocarcinoma cell line.
Dasotraline in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Six-Week, Placebo-Controlled, Fixed-Dose Trial (2019)

In this placebo-controlled study, treatment with dasotraline 4 mg/day significantly improved ADHD symptoms and behaviors, including attention and hyperactivity, in children aged 6-12 years. The most frequently reported AEs observed on dasotraline included insomnia, decreased appetite, decreased weight, and irritability.
Mutation Causing von Willebrand’s Disease in Scottish Terriers (2000)

Von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) in the Scottish Terrier breed is a serious, often fatal, hereditary bleeding disorder. Elimination of the mutated gene by selective breeding is an important goal for the health of this breed. Although the standard protein-based tests are accurate for identification of affected Scottish Terriers, they are not reliable for the identification of carriers of the mutant gene unless multiple replicate assays are performed. A simple, highly accurate test for carriers of the disease is needed so that veterinarians can counsel clients on which animals to use in their breeding programs. The complete coding region of von Willebrand factor (vWF) complementary DNA (cDNA) was sequenced from an affected animal, and a single base deletion in the codon for amino acid 85 of the prepro-vWF cDNA that leads to Scottish Terrier vWD was identified. A highly accurate polymerase chain reaction assay was developed that can distinguish homozygous normal animals from those that are homozygous affected or heterozygous. In a voluntary survey of 87 animals provided by Scottish Terrier owners, 15 were carriers and 4 were affected with vWD, 2 of which had previously been shown to have undetectable vWF. The determination of the complete canine vWF cDNA sequence should facilitate the identification of additional vWD alleles in other breeds and other species.
A fast algorithm for DCT-domain inverse motion compensation (2002)

One of the important tasks of a multiuser video network server is to composite compressed video streams from several sources into a single compressed video stream. A great deal of the computational load can be saved if this composition is performed directly in the compressed domain rather than using the brute-force approach of converting back to the uncompressed domain, compositing pixel-by-pixel in the spatial domain, and re-compressing the composite stream. We propose a fast algorithm that converts motion compensated compressed video into a sequence of DCT-domain blocks corresponding to the spatial domain blocks of the current frame alone, without prediction based on other frames, i.e., removing the inter-frame element of the compression-decompression. This step enables video compositing in the DCT compressed domain as well as several compositing operations, e.g., scaling, overlapping, translation, filtering, etc. The proposed algorithm saves about 47% of the computations compared to the brute-force approach even without assuming sparseness of the DCT blocks. For typical sparse DCT blocks, where only the top-left 4/spl times/4 quadrant is nonzero, the reduction in computational complexity is about 68%.
Molecular Cloning of the Gene for a Conserved Major Immunoreactive 28-Kilodalton Protein of<i>Ehrlichia canis</i>: a Potential Serodiagnostic Antigen (1999)

A gene encoding a 28-kDa protein of Ehrlichia canis was cloned, sequenced, and expressed, and a comparative molecular analysis with homologous genes of E. canis, Cowdria ruminantium, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis was performed. The complete gene has an 834-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 278 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 30.5 kDa. An N-terminal signal sequence was identified, suggesting that the protein undergoes posttranslational modification to a mature 27.7-kDa protein (P28). The E. canis p28 gene has significant nucleic acid and amino acid sequence homologies with the E. chaffeensis outer membrane protein-1 (omp-1) gene family, with the Cowdria ruminantium map-1 gene, and with other E. canis 28-kDa-protein genes. Southern blotting revealed the presence of at least two additional homologous p28 gene copies in the E. canis genome, confirming that p28 is a member of a polymorphic multiple-gene family. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that E. canis P28 has four variable regions, and it shares similar surface-exposed regions, antigenicity, and T-cell motifs with E. chaffeensis P28. The p28 genes from seven different E. canis isolates were identical, indicating that the gene for this major immunoreactive protein is highly conserved. In addition, reactivity of sera from clinical cases of canine ehrlichiosis with the recombinant P28 demonstrated that the recombinant protein may be a reliable serodiagnostic antigen.
<title>Novel biological sources of electrochemiluminescence and potential applications to metals detection</title> (1996)

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an electrochemical means of generating light from certain organic-metal complexes (e.g., Cr, Os, or Ru with bipyridine) and other types of molecules. Thus, it may be possible to develop an ECL-based metals sensor or biosensor consisting of organic molecules coated onto electrodes which emit light only upon complexation of particular metal ions and application of a small voltage. Toxic metals in water sources are of environmental concern. Some marine invertebrates, such as tunicates (i.e., `sea squirts') and molluscs, are noted for their ability to concentrate toxic metals as much as 100 million-fold over ambient seawater concentrations. In the present work, extracts from a tunicate species, as well as synthetic tunicate blood pigments or `tunichromes', oysters, and other organisms are examined for intrinsic ECL in the presence and absence of various metal ions. Results suggest a promising novel, potentially sensitive, and specific means for metal ion detection based on ECL.
Multibit $\Sigma$–$\Delta$ PWM Digital Controller IC for DC–DC Converters Operating at Switching Frequencies Beyond 10 MHz (2007)

An integrated digital controller for dc-dc switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) used in portable applications is introduced. The controller has very low power consumption, fast dynamic response, and can operate at programmable constant switching frequencies exceeding 10 MHz. To achieve these characteristics, three novel functional blocks, a digital pulse-width modulator based on second-order sigma-delta concept (Sigma-Delta DPWM), dual-clocking mode compensator, and nonlinear analog-to-digital converter are combined. In steady state, to minimize power consumption, the controller is clocked at a frequency lower than SMPS switching frequency. During transients the clock rate is increased to the switching frequency improving transient response. The controller integrated circuit (IC) is fabricated in a standard 0.18-mum process and tested with a 750-mW buck converter prototype. Experimental results show the controller current consumption of 55 muA/MHz and verify closed-loop operation at programmable switching frequencies up to 12.3 MHz. Simulation results indicating that this architecture can potentially support operation at switching frequencies beyond 100 MHz are also presented.
Encapsulation of Gold Nanoclusters in Silica Materials via an Inverse Micelle/Sol−Gel Synthesis (1997)

Nanometer-sized gold particles were encapsulated in the micropores of xerogels and aerogels. The synthesis involves the sequential reduction of a gold salt followed by sol−gel processing in an inverse micelle solution. The inverse micelle solution solubilizes the metal salt and provides a microreactor for the nucleation, growth, and stabilization of the nanometer-sized clusters. Hydrolysis and condensation of an added siloxane precursor produces a wet gel embedding the particles. Characterization of the particle size and composition and the particle growth process was completed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, and UV−visible absorption spectrometry. Characterization of the gel surface areas was completed with N2 porosimetry. Material properties determined as a function of the gel precursor (TEOS vs a prehydrolyzed form of TEOS), the water to gel precursor reaction stoichiometry, and surfactant concentration are discussed in terms of the unique solution chemistry occurring in the microheterogeneous inverse micelle solutions.
The Microtube Strip Heat Exchanger (1991)

Abstract The advantages of designing heat exchangers in the laminar-flow regime are discussed from a theoretical standpoint. It is argued that laminar-flow designs have the advantages of reducing thermodynamic and hydrodynamic irreversibilities, and hence increasing system efficiency. More concretely, laminar-flow heat exchangers are free from the turbulence-induced vibration common in conventional heat exchangers, and can thus offer longer life and greater reliability. The problems of manufacturing heat exchangers suited to laminar flow are discussed. A method of manufacture is outlined that allows compact, modular design. Experience with this method of manufacture is described. Experimental results with a prototype heat exchanger bank are presented; these results show good agreement with theory at moderate levels of effectiveness (75-85%), but fall below predicted values at higher levels. It is argued that this discrepancy results from flow maldistribution. The problems of fouling and flow maldistribution are briefly discussed, and some possible applications are mentioned.