gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant Magnetoelectric coupling in Single Phase Pb(Zr0.20Ti0.80)0.70Pd0.30O3-{\delta} Multiferroics (2016)

During the last fifteen years, multiferroic (MF) research communities have been searching for an alternative room temperature MF material with large magnetoelectric (ME) coupling for possible applications in high density electronic components, low heat dissipation memory and logic devices. We have studied Pb(Zr0.20Ti0.80)0.70Pd0.30O3-{\delta} (PZTP30) system with an unusually large (30%) palladium occupancy in B site of PZT. This material exhibited a giant ME coupling coefficient ~0.36 mV/cm.Oe. Interestingly, this is the first time any room temperature single phase compound that showed ME trends, and magnitude similar to those in the well established mechanical strain-mediated ferroelectric and ferromagnetic composites; the latter ones are already in the commercial stage as nT/pT magnetic field sensors due to their large ME values. The presence of Pd in PZTP30 has been confirmed by XPS and XRF studies and assigned with related binding energies of Pd+2 and Pd+4 ions as 336.37 eV, 342.9 eV, and 337.53 eV, 343.43 eV, respectively, which may be the origin of room temperature magnetism in Pd substituted PZT ceramics. A sharp first order ferroelectric phase transition was observed at ~569 K (+/-5 K) that is confirmed from dielectric, Raman, and thermal analysis. Both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric orderings with large ME coupling were found above room temperature, a significant step forward in the development of single phase ME material with enhanced functionalities.
Irradiance adjustment system developed for various types of solar cells and illumination conditions (2015)

Abstract A new irradiance adjustment system for the light source named “Programmable Reference cell system for Irradiance adjustment by Spectral Measurement ( PRISM )” has been developed for photovoltaics evaluation. It can be applied for various kinds of solar cells and illumination conditions without the preparation of conventional reference cells. This system consists of a device for absolute spectral responsivity measurements, that is, the spectral responsivity unit, and a device for irradiance adjustment of the light source, that is, the spectral reference cell. First, the short circuit current of the target solar cell ( I ref ) is calculated by convolution of the absolute spectral responsivity with the spectral irradiance under STC ( AM 1.5 G, 1 kW/m 2 , 25°C) as defined in IEC 60904‐3. The spectral irradiance of the light source is then adjusted for I–V measurements so that the short‐circuit current of the spectral reference cell ( I cal ), calculated by convolution of the absolute spectral responsivity with the spectral irradiance of the light source, agrees with I ref . The difference between I ref and the short circuit current, as determined at an internationally recognized test center under STC , was within ±2% for crystalline silicon solar cells and ±3% for organic solar cells. The difference between I cal and the short‐circuit current measured under a solar simulator or LED in which the irradiance was adjusted by this system was within ±4% when the irradiance was higher than 4 W/m 2 .
Abstract 472: Cardiac Fibroblasts Regulate Myocardial Proliferation and Ventricular Formation through {beta}1 Integrin Signaling (2008)

Ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential to support increasing hemodynamic demands during late cardiogenesis. The increase in thickness of the ventricle is achieved by greater proliferation in the compact myocardium than in the trabecular myocardium. Disruption of this process leads to a disease known as ventricular non-compaction. Although epicardial-derived signals may contribute to the proliferative process, the factors and cell types responsible for development of the compact layer are unclear. In particular, the function of embryonic cardiac fibroblasts, derivatives from epicardium, and their secreted factors are largely unknown. By analyzing cell markers, we found that cardiac fibroblasts appeared in the compact myocardium at embryonic day 12.5 and increased in number coincident with growth of the compact myocardium. Using a novel co-culture system, we found that embryonic cardiac fibroblasts were much more effective in inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation than adult cardiac fibroblasts. A genome-wide screen and siRNA knockdown experiments revealed that fibronectin and collagen were embryonic cardiac fibroblast-specific signals that promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation through β1 integrin signaling in primary culture. In vivo, cardiomyocyte expression of β1 integrin was upregulated as cardiac fibroblasts appeared in the heart and secreted extracellular matrix proteins. In agreement with a critical role for β1 integrin, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of β1 integrin in mice resulted in reduced myocardial proliferation and ventricular compaction, with downregulation of cyclinD1 and cyclinE1 and upregulation of cyclinG2 and p21, leading to prenatal death. These findings demonstrate that cardiac fibroblasts regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and ventricular compaction through extracellular matrix/β1 integrin signaling.
<title>Optimization of noisy nonuniform sampling and image reconstruction for fast MRI using a human vision model</title> (2001)

We are developing clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strategies using spiral acquisition techniques that sample k-space nonuniformly. These methods require a regridding process. Multiple regridding and reconstruction algorithms have been proposed, and we use a perceptual difference model (PDM) to optimize them. We acquired sixteen in vivo MR brain images and simulated reconstruction from a spiral k-space trajectory. Regridding was done by the conventional method of Jackson et al., the block uniform resampling algorithm (BURS), and a newly developed method named matrix rescaling. Each of 16 reference images was reconstructed with multiple parameter sets resulting in a total of over 800 different images. The spiral MR images were compared to the original, fully sampled image using a PDM. Of the three reconstruction methods, the conventional and high-level matrix rescaling methods produce high quality images, but the latter method executed much faster. BURS worked only in extremely low- noise instances, making it often inappropriate. We also demonstrated the effect of display parameters, such as grayscale windowing on image quality. We believe that the PDM techniques provide a promising tool for the evaluation of MR image quality that can aid the engineering design process.
Initial Studies on the Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (1992)

This research focuses on an evaluation of the performance of a new process being called the “anaerobic sequencing batch reactor” (ASBR). The ASBR operates on an intermittent, fill and draw regimen. This results in alternating high substrate/low substrate (feast/famine) conditions. The high substrate conditions right after feeding results in high rates of substrate conversion to biogas. The low substrate concentration near the end of the react sequence results in efficient bioflocculation and solids separation.
The β subunit sliding DNA clamp is responsible for unassisted mutagenic translesion replication by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (1998)

The replication of damaged nucleotides that have escaped DNA repair leads to the formation of mutations caused by misincorporation opposite the lesion. In Escherichia coli, this process is under tight regulation of the SOS stress response and is carried out by DNA polymerase III in a process that involves also the RecA, UmuD' and UmuC proteins. We have shown that DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is able to replicate, unassisted, through a synthetic abasic site in a gapped duplex plasmid. Here, we show that DNA polymerase III*, a subassembly of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme lacking the beta subunit, is blocked very effectively by the synthetic abasic site in the same DNA substrate. Addition of the beta subunit caused a dramatic increase of at least 28-fold in the ability of the polymerase to perform translesion replication, reaching 52% bypass in 5 min. When the ssDNA region in the gapped plasmid was extended from 22 nucleotides to 350 nucleotides, translesion replication still depended on the beta subunit, but it was reduced by 80%. DNA sequence analysis of translesion replication products revealed mostly -1 frameshifts. This mutation type is changed to base substitution by the addition of UmuD', UmuC, and RecA, as demonstrated in a reconstituted SOS translesion replication reaction. These results indicate that the beta subunit sliding DNA clamp is the major determinant in the ability of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme to perform unassisted translesion replication and that this unassisted bypass produces primarily frameshifts.
Tunable-Coupling Resonator Arrays for Chip-Based Quantum Enigma Machines (2016)

A large-scale tunable-coupling ring resonator array is demonstrated in a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics platform to achieve tunable frequency-dependent group delay. The system is proposed for a phase-encoded quantum data locking protocol.
Influence of spraying distance and postcooling on cryogen spray cooling for dermatologic laser surgery (2001)

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage in various laser dermatological procedures such as treatment of port wine stain birthmarks and hair removal.However, the spray characteristics and combination of CSC and heating (laser) to obtain optimal treatments have not yet been determined.The distance between the nozzle tip and the skin surface for commercial devices was apparently chosen based on the position at which the cryogen spray reached a minimum temperature, presumably with the expectation that such a minimum would correspond to maximal heat flux.We have systematically measured spray characteristics of various nozzles, such as mean droplet diameter, velocity, temperature, and heat transfer coefficient, as a function of distance from the nozzle tip.Among other interesting correlations between these spray characteristics, it is shown that, for nozzle-to-skin distances between 20 to 80 mm, variations in the heat transfer coefficient are larger than those in the spray temperature and, therefore, maximization of the heat flux should be better dictated by the distance at which the heat transfer coefficient is maximized rather than that at which the spray temperature is minimized.Also, the influence of droplet diameter appears to be more influential on the heat transfer coefficient value than that of droplet velocity.Based on spray characteristic correlations, different ranges for positioning the nozzles are recommended, depending on the clinical application.Also, a 2D finite-difference method has been developed to study the spatial and temporal thermal variations within the skin.Our results show that it is possible to decrease significantly the epidermal damage after laser irradiation provided the heat transfer coefficient is significantly increased.The influence of post-cooling has minimal effects for the cases studied.
O2–02–08: Duplication of the APP locus in a Dutch family with early–onset Alzheimer dementia (2006)

Evidence is accumulating that genetic variability in the expression of APP, encoding the amyloid beta precursor protein, can cause Alzheimer dementia (AD) through relative increase in production of the pathogenic peptide Abeta42. Early evidence came from the observation of AD, Abeta deposits and congophilic amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in patients with trisomy 21, and a report of APP duplication in sporadic AD. Recently, Rovelet–Lecrux et al. described a duplication of the APP locus on chromosome 21 in families with autosomal dominant early–onset AD (EOAD) and concurrent CAA. In EAOD patients we identified heterozygous APP promoter mutations that increased APP expression by nearly two–fold, mimicking APP trisomy 21. We investigated the contribution of copy number variants of APP to EAOD in a population–based Dutch sample using real–time PCR. The sample included probands of 11 families with autosomal dominant EAOD. We identified a duplication of APP in one proband, in whom mutations in the known AD genes were absent. Linkage analysis in this family had previously resulted in inconclusive linkage to the APP region (LOD score<1). The duplication was present in two affected siblings and absent from all healthy siblings >50 years. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of interphase nuclei confirmed the presence of a duplication of APP in this family. Brain autopsy in two affected individuals was compatible with definite AD, but also revealed extensive CAA. Clinically, the disease presented with progressive memory loss at 55 years on average, extending to other areas of cognition and accompanied by seizures and roaming behavior. The mean duration of the disease was 6.5 years. None of the APP duplication carriers has had intracerebral hemorrhage. Semi–quantitative multiplex PCR studies are ongoing to delineate the length of the duplicated area. We are currently assessing the presence of duplications in an extended sample of familial and sporadic EAOD patients from the same region, but our preliminary data suggest that duplication of APP might explain 9% of autosomal dominant EAOD, which corroborates with the recently reported findings. Our results further confirm that duplications of APP give rise to AD dementia with concurrent CAA.
Recombinant lipoprotein-based vaccine candidates against C. difficile infections (2015)

These results indicate that rlipoA-RBD formulated with B-rRBD could be an excellent vaccine candidate for preclinical studies and future clinical trials.
Structure and catalytic consequence of Mg‐modified VO<sub>x</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (2017)

Supported VO x catalysts are promising nonoxidative propane dehydrogenation (PDH) materials for their commercially attractive activity and propylene selectivity. However, they frequently suffer from rapid deactivation caused by coke deposition. This article describes the promoting role of magnesium on the stability of VO x /Al 2 O 3 catalysts for PDH. A series of VO x /Al 2 O 3 and Mg‐modified VO x /Al 2 O 3 catalysts were synthesized by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were carefully characterized by Raman spectra, UV‐Vis spectra, STEM, TGA and in situ DRIFTS. We showed that the stability of a 12V/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was significantly improved on addition of small amounts of MgO. Experimental evidences indicate that V 2 O 5 nanoparticles emerge in the 12V/Al 2 O 3 samples, and appropriate Mg addition helps dispersing the V 2 O 5 nanoparticles into 2D VO x species thus decreasing coke formation and improving stability in nonoxidative dehydrogenation of propane. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 2017
<title>Subcarrier-based path-integrating strain sensor array utilizing fiber Bragg gratings</title> (1994)

A fiber optic sensor system capable of detecting the strain distribution in a long length of optical fiber containing a series of fiber Bragg gratings is described. The technique utilizes RF sub-carrier based determination of the optical propagation time between the grating elements, and wavelength division-based addressing of the individual FBGs in the system. The approach will have applications in structural strain monitoring where long gage length sensing is required at multiple locations.
Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone lung tumorigenesis by arylalkyl isothiocyanates in A/J mice. (1991)

Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), 3-phenylpropyl isothiocyanate (PPITC), 4-phenylbutyl isothiocyanate (PBITC), and the newly synthesized 5-phenylpentyl isothiocyanate (PPeITC), 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PHITC), and 4-(3-pyridyl)butyl isothiocyanate (PyBITC) were tested for their abilities to inhibit tumorigenicity and DNA methylation induced by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the lungs of A/J mice. Mice were administered isothiocyanates by gavage for 4 consecutive days at doses of 5, 1, or 0.2 mumol/day prior to administration of 10 mumol of NNK by i.p. injection. Mice were sacrificed 16 weeks after NNK administration and pulmonary adenomas were quantitated, PEITC effectively inhibited NNK-induced lung tumors at a dose of 5 mumol/day but was not inhibitory at doses of 1 or 0.2 mumol/day. PPITC, PBITC, PPeITC, and PHITC were all considerably more potent inhibitors of NNK lung tumorigenesis than PEITC. While virtually no differences in inhibitory activity could be ascertained for PPITC, PBITC, and PPeITC, PHITC appeared to be the most potent tumor inhibitor of all of the compounds. At a dose of 0.2 mumol/day, PHITC pretreatment reduced tumor multiplicity by 85%. PyBITC, an analogue of both NNK and PBITC, was ineffective as an inhibitor. Using the same protocol, the compounds were found to have qualitatively similar inhibitory effects on NNK-induced DNA methylation when administered at 1 mumol/day. These results extend our previous findings that increased alkyl chain length enhances the inhibitory activity of an arylalkyl isothiocyanate toward NNK lung tumorigenesis and demonstrate the exceptional chemopreventive potentials of two new isothiocyanates, PPeITC and PHITC.
Selenium derivatization of nucleic acids for crystallography (2006)

The high-resolution structure of the DNA (5'-GTGTACA-C-3') with the selenium derivatization at the 2'-position of T2 was determined via MAD and SAD phasing. The selenium-derivatized structure (1.28 A resolution) with the 2'-Se modification in the minor groove is isomorphorous to the native structure (2.0 A). To directly compare with the conventional bromine derivatization, we incorporated bromine into the 5-postion of T4, determined the bromine-derivatized DNA structure at 1.5 A resolution, and found that the local backbone torsion angles and solvent hydration patterns were altered in the structure with the Br incorporation in the major groove. Furthermore, while the native and Br-derivatized DNAs needed over a week to form reasonable-size crystals, we observed that the Se-derivatized DNAs grew crystals overnight with high-diffraction quality, suggesting that the Se derivatization facilitated the crystal formation. In addition, the Se-derivatized DNA sequences crystallized under a broader range of buffer conditions, and generally had a faster crystal growth rate. Our experimental results indicate that the selenium derivatization of DNAs may facilitate the determination of nucleic acid X-ray crystal structures in phasing and high-quality crystal growth. In addition, our results suggest that the Se derivatization can be an alternative to the conventional Br derivatization.
Analysis of the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid as an Air Traffic Simulation Tool (2012)

A new research platform, the Air Traffic Monotonic Lagrangian Grid, has been developed to serve as a simulation tool for easy and fast testing of various air traffic system concepts. The underlying algorithm is the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid, which is a fast nearest-neighbors interaction algorithm used for sorting and tracking many moving and interacting objects. The nodes of the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid represent the locations of individual aircraft, and the grid moves at each time step as the aircraft move. The model is used to simulate a 24 h period of air traffic flow in the National Airspace System, during which there are 41,594 flights, and this requires only 79 s of wall-clock time on a single processor of a 1.3 GHz Altix. An analysis is presented of the number of nearest-neighbor nodes that must be checked to ensure adequate separation among aircraft. An investigation of the effect of removing waypoints from aircraft trajectories indicates that this may result in a significant reduction in total flight time. Finally, the model is compared with the traditional Latitude—Longitude grid approach, in which the airspace volume is partitioned into fixed stationary grid cells. Results of the comparison indicate that the main advantage of the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid method is that it is a general sorting algorithm that can sort on multiple properties, providing more computational efficiency.
Optical Polarimetry of Random Fields (2005)

The state of polarization of an optical field provides detailed information concerning both the radiation emission processes and the intricate interaction between light and matter. We report here a novel approach for characterizing the polarization properties of electromagnetic fields for which the electric field vector at a point may fluctuate in three dimensions. Using probes which couple all three components of the field, we were able to extract the polarized and unpolarized components of such fields. Our results constitute the proof of concept for what could be called three-dimensional optical polarimetry.
Comparison Between Analog Radio-Over-Fiber and Sigma Delta Modulated Radio-Over-Fiber (2017)

With the continuously increasing demand of cost effective, broadband wireless access, radio-over-fiber (RoF) starts to gain more and more momentum. Various techniques already exist, using analog (ARoF) or digitized (DRoF) radio signals over fiber; each with their own advantages and disadvantages. By transmitting a sigma delta modulated signal over fiber (SDoF), a similar immunity to impairments as DRoF can be obtained while maintaining the low complexity of ARoF. This letter describes a detailed experimental comparison between ARoF and SDoF that quantifies the improvement in linearity and error vector magnitude (EVM) of SDoF over ARoF. The experiments were carried out using a 16-QAM constellation with a baudrate from 20 to 125 MBd modulated on a central carrier frequency of 1 GHz. The sigma delta modulator runs at 8 or 13.5 Gbps. A high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) operating at 850 nm is used to transmit the signal over 200-m multimode fiber. The receiver amplifies the electrical signals and subsequently filters to recover the original RF signal. Compared with ARoF, improvements exceeding 40 dB were measured on the third order intermodulation products when SDoF was employed, the EVM improves between 2.4 and 7.1 dB.
Motion adaptive indexing for moving continual queries over moving objects (2004)

This paper describes a <i>motion adaptive</i> indexing scheme for efficient evaluation of moving continual queries (MCQs) over moving objects. It uses the concept of <i>motion-sensitive bounding boxes</i> (<i>MSB</i>s) to model moving objects and moving queries. These bounding boxes automatically adapt their sizes to the dynamic motion behaviors of individual objects. Instead of indexing frequently changing object positions, we index less frequently changing object and query <i>MSB</i>s, where updates to the bounding boxes are needed only when objects and queries move across the boundaries of their boxes. This helps decrease the number of updates to the indexes. More importantly, we use <i>predictive query results</i> to optimistically precalculate query results, decreasing the number of searches on the indexes. Motion-sensitive bounding boxes are used to incrementally update the predictive query results. Our experiments show that the proposed motion adaptive indexing scheme is efficient for the evaluation of moving continual range queries.