gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal Stochastic Channel Model for Absolute Polarization State and Polarization-Mode Dispersion (2017)

© 2017 Optical Society of America. We propose and validate a discrete-time channel model for the temporal drift of the absolute polarization state and polarization-mode dispersion for coherent fiber optic systems. The model can be used in simulations to test and develop DSP for coherent receivers.
Retinohypothalamic projections in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A study using cholera toxin subunit B (1999)

Retinal projections in vertebrates reach the primary visual, accessory optic, and circadian timing structures. The central feature of the circadian timing system is the principal circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The direct projections from the retina to the SCN are considered the entrainment pathway of the circadian timing system. In this study, unilateral intravitreal injections of cholera toxin subunit B were used to trace the retinal projections to the marmoset hypothalamus. The retinohypothalamic tract reaches the ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus bilaterally, as anticipated from previous studies. However, labeled fibers were found in several other hypothalamic regions, such as the medial and lateral preoptic areas, supraoptic nucleus, anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, retrochiasmatic area, and subparaventricular zone. These results reveal new aspects of retinohypothalamic projection in primates and are discussed in terms of their implications for circadian as well as noncircadian control systems.
Energy management system as a mean for the integration of distributed energy sources with low voltage network (2011)

The paper concerns energy management in low voltage grid-connected microgrid integrating renewable and controllable energy sources, loads and storage systems. The central control system is presented which optimize the microgrid operation by minimizing the costs of energy in the time horizon. The system determines set-points for controllable sources and storage units. In formulating the objective function constraints regarding the network capacity are taken into account, i.e. voltage limits in the network nodes and load carrying capacity limits of lines and the supplying transformer. The management system enables the integration of energy sources into existing networks without re-designing the network itself and microgrid operation at minimum costs.
Etching and Optical Characteristics in GaAs/GaAlAs Surface Emitting Laser Fabrication Using a Novel Spray Etch (1992)

We present some results on a novel spray wet etch technique and surface characterization in forming short cavity structures for GaAs/GaAlAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. A completely flat epitaxial surface was obtained for the output-side mirror by selectively removing the GaAs substrate. The surface reflectivity was uniform and the reproducibility was drastically improved.
Therapeutic effects of imidapril on cerebral lesions observed by magnetic resonance imaging in malignant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (1994)

These results suggest that imidapril has therapeutic effects on stroke lesions, as well as prophylactic effects on the recurrence of stroke.
p-Cycle Network Design for Specified Minimum Dual-Failure Restorability (2007)

Dual-failure scenarios are a real possibility in today's optical networks and it is becoming more and more important for carriers and network operators to consider them when designing their networks. In this paper, we develop and analyze a linear programming model to design a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> -cycle network to meet a user-specified minimum dual failure restorability. Results show that <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> -cycle networks designed for single-failure restorability only exhibit some inherent dual-failure restorability, and that explicitly providing dual-failure restorability is less costly in more richly connected networks.
Context-aided false alarm reduction for SAR automatic target recognition (2002)

This paper introduces techniques for context-aided false alarm reduction for automatic target recognition (ATR) in airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Candidate target pixels are identified using constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection. If only a single radar image is available, a 2-D site model is constructed and used to determine regions inhospitable to targets. In multipass imagery, false alarm reduction is based on consistent appearance of the target blob in two or more images after registration. Finally, a target-versus-clutter discrimination based on size, shape and intensity features further reduces false alarms in preparation for target recognition algorithms.
Cloning the Antibody Response in Humans with Inflammatory Central Nervous System Disease: Analysis of the Expressed IgG Repertoire in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Brain Reveals Disease-Relevant Antibodies That Recognize Specific Measles Virus Antigens (1999)

The presence of increased IgG in the brains of humans with infectious and inflammatory CNS diseases of unknown etiology such as multiple sclerosis may be a clue to the cause of disease. For example, the intrathecally synthesized oligoclonal bands (OGBs) in diseases such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) or cryptococcal meningitis have been shown to represent Ab directed against the causative agents, measles virus (MV) or Cryptococcus neoformans, respectively. Using SSPE as a model system, we have developed a PCR-based strategy to analyze the repertoire of IgG V region sequences expressed in SSPE brain. We observed abnormal expression of germline V segments, overrepresentation of particular sequences that correspond to the oligoclonal bands, and substantial somatic mutation of most clones from the germline, which, taken together, constitute features of Ag-driven selection in the IgG response. Using the most abundant or most highly mutated gamma H chain and kappa or lambda L chain sequences in various combinations, we constructed functional Abs in IgG mammalian expression vectors. Three Abs specifically stained MV-infected cells. One Ab also stained cells transfected with the MV nucleoprotein, and a second Ab stained cells transfected with the MV-fusion protein. This technique demonstrates that functional Abs produced from putative disease-relevant IgG sequences can be used to recognize their corresponding Ags.
A Neisserial autotransporter NalP modulating the processing of other autotransporters (2003)

Autotransporters constitute a relatively simple secretion system in Gram-negative bacteria, depending for their translocation across the outer membrane only on a C-terminal translocator domain. We have studied a novel autotransporter serine protease, designated NalP, from Neisseria meningitidis strain H44/76, featuring a lipoprotein motif at the signal sequence cleavage site. Indeed, lipidation of NalP could be demonstrated, but the secreted 70 kDa domain of NalP lacked the lipid-moiety as a result of additional N-terminal processing. A nalP mutant showed a drastically altered profile of secreted proteins. Mass-spectrometric analysis of tryptic fragments identified the autotransporters IgA protease and App, a homologue of the adhesin Hap of Haemophilus influenzae, as the major secreted proteins. Two forms of both of these proteins were found in the culture supernatant of the wild-type strain, whereas only the lower molecular-weight forms predominated in the culture supernatant of the nalP mutant. The serine-protease active site of NalP was required for the modulation of the processing of these autotransporters. We propose that, apart from the autoproteolytic processing, NalP can process App and IgA protease and hypothesize that this function of NalP could contribute to the virulence of the organism.
PP.14.20 (2015)

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) was the major risk factors for heart failure, initially manifesting as diastolic dysfunction. In this present study, the effects and the mechanisms of astragaloside IV (AST) were investigated on high fructose/high fat diet (HFFD) induced MS rats. Design and method: The rat MS model was established by feeding HFFD for 24 weeks. Rats were divided into four groups as normal control group, MS group, MS+AST 0.5 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) group and MS+AST 2 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) group. The hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters were used to assess the left ventricular functions. Rat left ventricular tissue and plasma samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analysis. Results: Our HFFD fed rats had hypertriglyceridaemia, high blood glucose, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood pressure, weight gain, and diastolic dysfunction. AST could improve diastolic dysfunction without any effect on systolic function in MS rats. In the present study, the experimental results showed that nitric oxide (NO) production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level decreased while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in the left ventricular cardiomyocytes of MS rats. After treatment with AST in MS rats, cardiac MDA was attenuated as well as NO production and SOD level were dose-dependently improved. The highest dose of AST (2.0 mg/kg) increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production in the myocardium. At the mean time, the total endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression had no significant changes. Compared with the normal control rats, eNOS dimer was decreased in HFFD induced MS rats. Both low and high dose AST treatments restored the eNOS dimer expression of myocardium in MS rats. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that AST ameliorated the oxidative stress damage and metabolic abnormalities in HFFD induced MS rats. The antioxidant properties of AST and its protection function of the left ventricular diastolic function worked through the eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway.
매체 탐색을 통한 만다라 미술활동이 만2세 영아의 사회정서 유능성과 문제행동에 미치는 효과 (2021)

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Mandala art activities through exploring materials on social-emotional competence and problem behavior of 2-year old infants. The subjects of this study were 26 infants who attended a child care in Gyeong-Gi province. A planned Mandala art program through exploring materials was conducted in the experimental group twice a week for a total of 16 sessions. For the control group, the ordinary program based on the standard child care process was implemented. For the data analysis, the SPSS 23.0 statistical program was used and a paired t-test was performed for the pre- and post-test of the experimental and comparative groups. The major results of the study are as follows. First, there was a significant difference in measuring of infants’ social-emotional competence after conducting the Mandala art activities through exploring materials. Looking at each sub-factor, it had positive effects on both social-emotionality and social relationship. Second, there was a significant difference in measuring of infants’ problem behavior after carrying out the activities. Looking at each sub-factor, it had a positive effect on external problem behavior, excluding internal problem behavior. Based on the results, it is emphasized to carry out Mandala art activities through variety of materials to develop social-emotional and behavior of young children.
Integrated CNI avionics using F-22 modular products (2002)

This paper has defined a generic CNI subsystem architecture and a straightforward approach for using F-22 CNI electronics and Common Integrated Processor modules in new integrated CNI implementations for military avionics systems. The design approach outlined uses this generic architecture with buses and interconnects which are available to industry as open specifications. The design methodology uses common modules to build new suites which can then be adapted to military platforms through interface modifications. The advantages to using common F-22 LRMs include a significantly reduced life cycle cost through increased production volume and common support training and facilities.
Bacterio-electric leaching of metals (2023)

The separation of cationic materials from an ore body is assisted by the application of an electric potential, and resulting current, to the ore body, in association with iron or sulphur oxidizing bacteria. The combined process induces migration of cationic metals to a cathode suspended within the ore body so that the cationic metal can be preferentially separated from the ore body.
Strained GaN quantum-well FETs on single crystal bulk AlN substrates (2017)

We report the first realization of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown strained GaN quantum well field-effect transistors on single-crystal bulk AlN substrates. The fabricated double heterostructure FETs exhibit a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density in the excess of 2 × 1013/cm2. The ohmic contacts to the 2DEG channel were formed by the n+ GaN MBE regrowth process, with a contact resistance of 0.13 Ω · mm. The Raman spectroscopy using the quantum well as an optical marker reveals the strain in the quantum well and strain relaxation in the regrown GaN contacts. A 65-nm-long rectangular-gate device showed a record high DC drain current drive of 2.0 A/mm and peak extrinsic transconductance of 250 mS/mm. Small-signal RF performance of the device achieved the current gain cutoff frequency fT∼120 GHz. The DC and RF performances demonstrate that bulk AlN substrates offer an attractive alternative platform for strained quantum well nitride transistors for the future high-voltage and high-power microwave applications.
Targeted advertising using behavioural data and social data mining (2016)

The explosive growth of social networks has led to prolific availability in customer tastes and preferences. This data can be exploited to serve the customers better and offer them the advertisements they would be delighted to see. To provide relevant advertisements to consumers, one has to consider the location of the consumer as well. The consumers will be highly contented if the offers shown to them are easily accessible in nearby areas. In this paper, we propose a model combining the idea of social and spatial data to provide targeted advertisements. Social data is acquired through user's Facebook profile and location of the user is found with the help of Beacons.
Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Still an Important Issue (2004)

Acetaminophen (APAP), the most commonly sold over-the-counter antipyretic analgesic, is generally considered harmless at therapeutic doses. However, APAP overdose causes severe and sometimes fatal hepatic damage in humans and experimental animals. In the United States and Europe, the incidence of liver injury due to APAP overdose, either with suicidal intent or by accident, is increasing. Recently, even in Japan, APAP has become more commonly used alone, especially in children with a view to prevention of Reye's syndrome. Thus, understanding the hepatotoxicity induced by APAP overdose is very important. To date, the mechanisms underlying APAP toxicity are considered to be associated with i) covalent binding to cellular macromolecules of a reactive intermediate metabolite of APAP produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP), N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, and ii) oxidative stress. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is modified by associated risk factors such as alcohol abuse, fasting and concomitant drugs. Even therapeutic doses of APAP sometimes induce hepatic damage in the presence of these risk factors. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), one of the cysteine prodrugs, is the most widely used for treating APAP-induced liver injury. In addition to NAC, CYP2E1 inhibitors and antioxidants may also serve as mechanism-based antidotes for APAP overdose. Moreover, inducers of heat shock protein (HSP) (in particular HSP25 and HSP70i) without any side effects might be new-type antidotes.
A low-power radio chipset in 40nm LP CMOS with beamforming for 60GHz high-data-rate wireless communication (2013)

The link budget of multi-Gb/s wireless communication systems around 60GHz improves by beamforming. CMOS realizations for this type of communication are mostly limited to either one-antenna systems [1], or beamforming ICs that do not implement all radio functions [2]. The sliding-IF architecture of [3] uses RF phase shifting, which deteriorates noise performance.
A Single Cell Study on the Temperature Effects of Electroporation (2004)

In electroporation, the charging of the cell membrane due to an applied electric field is followed by a localized structural rearrangement of the membrane, which consequently creates pores or aqueous pathways that perforate the membrane. A tremendous increase in ionic and molecular transport through the membrane occurs because of the presence of these aqueous pores. As part of a comprehensive study on the effects of temperature on electroporation of cells, we have designed a micro device capable of integrating single cells into an electronic circuit while controlling the temperature. In the present work, we have studied the effect of temperature on the electroporation of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK) with a micro-electroporation device. It was found that the critical voltage for electropermeabilization was strongly dependent on temperature, increasing by a factor of 2 with decreasing temperature from 37 to 5 °C. Data shows there is a correlation among the viscoelastic properties of the cell membrane and the temperature.
In Vivo CD86 Blockade Inhibits CD4+ T Cell Activation, Whereas CD80 Blockade Potentiates CD8+ T Cell Activation and CTL Effector Function (2002)

To address whether a functional dichotomy exists between CD80 and CD86 in naive T cell activation in vivo, we administered anti-CD80 or CD86 blocking mAb alone or in combination to mice with parent-into-F(1) graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). In this model, the injection of naive parental T cells into unirradiated F(1) mice results in either a Th1 cytokine-driven, cell-mediated immune response (acute GVHD) or a Th2 cytokine-driven, Ab-mediated response (chronic GVHD) in the same F(1) recipient. Combined CD80/CD86 blockade beginning at the time of donor cell transfer mimicked previous results seen with CTLA4Ig and completely abrogated either acute or chronic GVHD by preventing the activation and maturation of donor CD4(+) T cells as measured by a block in acquisition of memory marker phenotype and cytokine production. Similar results were seen with selective CD86 blockade; however, the degree of CD4 inhibition was always less than that seen with combined CD80/CD86 blockade. A more striking effect was seen with selective CD80 blockade in that chronic GVHD was converted to acute GVHD. This effect was associated with the induction of Th1 cytokine production, donor CD8(+) T cell activation, and development of antihost CTL. The similarity of this effect to that reported for selective CTLA4 blockade suggests that CD80 is a critical ligand for CTLA4 in mediating the down-regulation of Th1 responses and CD8(+) T cell activation. In contrast, CD86 is critical for the activation of naive CD4(+) T cells in either a Th1 or a Th2 cytokine-mediated response.
VT-464: A novel, selective inhibitor of P450c17(CYP17)-17,20 lyase for castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC). (2012)

198 Background: CYP17 is a single protein with two distinct enzyme activities, 17 α-hydroxylase (hydroxylase) and 17,20-lyase (lyase). Reduction of extragonadal androgen production through CYP17 inhibition is a validated CRPC treatment paradigm. While treatment with the recently-approved CYP17 inhibitor, abiraterone acetate (AA), increases overall survival in post-docetaxel CRPC patients (de Bono et al, N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1995–2005), it is also associated with cortisol (F) suppression and increased steroid concentrations up-stream of CYP17 hydroxylase. The clinical candidate VT-464 is an oral, non-steroidal, lyase-selective CYP17 inhibitor. The study objectives were to compare VT-464 to abiraterone in regards to in vitro selectivity and to compare VT-464 to AA in regards to in vivo primate endocrine response. Methods: Human CYP17 hydroxylase and lyase IC 50 values were determined for VT-464 and abiraterone in vitro. Plasma progesterone (P), F, and testosterone (T) responses were measured 0-24 hours after single subcutaneous doses of AA (12.5 mg/kg), VT-464 (6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg), or vehicle in adult, castrate, male rhesus monkeys. Results: Human lyase and hydroxylase IC 50 values were 69nM and 670nM for VT-464 and 15nM and 2.5nM for abiraterone, respectively. AA and both dose levels of VT-464 produced a similar overall reduction in plasma T, compared to vehicle (p ≤ 0.009). AA treatment resulted in an elevated plasma P (peak increase >9,000%; p ≤ 0.05), compared to both VT-464 treatments and vehicle. F was not affected by either VT-464 dose, whereas AA resulted in F suppression (p ≤ 0.005) compared to vehicle. Conclusions: VT-464 was 10-fold more selective for human CYP17 lyase vs. hydroxylase inhibition. This selectivity was associated with androgen suppression, but not increases of up-stream steroids or F suppression in male monkeys. In contrast, abiraterone was 6-fold more selective for hydroxylase vs. lyase inhibition resulting in associations with increased up-stream steroids and F suppression in AA-treated male monkeys, consistent with clinical observations in CRPC. VT-464 may thus provide a more lyase-selective alternative to AA for extra-gonadal androgen suppression in CRPC.
Estimation method of electromagnetic wave emission from electronic equipment (2002)

The maximum emission estimation method (MEEM) described here simplifies the procedure for measuring undesired electromagnetic emissions from electronic products and does not require measurements to be made at specified test sites. Although the source distributions of the emissions in actual electronic products are rather complicated, in many cases the main sources of the emissions are considered to be cables, such as power cords and cables connecting peripherals. With MEEM, it is necessary only to measure the maximum value of the current standing waves at each frequency, The field intensities in the far field region are calculated as the maximum possible emission. While MEEM overestimates the emission intensity, the values agree within a few decibels with those measured in a semi-anechoic chamber in the frequency range from 30 to 300 MHz.
A flexible proximity sensor formed by duplex screen/screen-offset printing and its application to non-contact detection of human breathing (2016)

We describe a flexible capacitance-type sensor that can detect an approaching human without contact, fabricated by developing and applying duplex conductive-ink printing to a film substrate. The results of our calculations show that the difference in size between the top and bottom electrodes of the sensor allows for the spatial extension of the electric field distribution over the electrodes. Hence, such a component functions as a proximity sensor. This thin and light device with a large form factor can be arranged at various places, including curved surfaces and the back of objects such that it is unnoticeable. In our experiment, we attached it to the back of a bed, and found that our device successfully detected the breathing of a subject on the bed without contacting his body. This should contribute to reducing the physical and psychological discomfort among patients during medical checks, or when their condition is being monitored.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorylation of Benzyl‐Protected Sugar Derivatives via 1‐H‐Phosphonate Intermediates: Synthesis of DL‐Myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐Tris‐1‐H‐phosphonate. (1988)

Abstract The stable crystalline ammonium salt (I) is used to phosphonylate prim., sec., or anomeric hydroxyl group of benzyl protected (pseudo)sugar derivatives to yield (IIIb) (or (VII) or (VIII) which are obtained analogously).