gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method of immobilizing carbon dioxide from gas streams (2023)

This invention is a method for rapidly and continuously immobilizing carbon dioxide contained in various industrial off-gas streams, the carbon dioxide being immobilized as dry, stable, and substantially water-insoluble particulates. Briefly, the method comprises passing the gas stream through a fixed or fluidized bed of hydrated barium hydroxide to remove and immobilize the carbon dioxide by converting the bed to barium carbonate. The method has several important advantages: it can be conducted effectively at ambient temperature; it provides a very rapid reaction rate over a wide range of carbon dioxide concentrations; it provides high decontamination factors; and it has a high capacity for carbon dioxide. The invention is especially well suited for the removal of radioactive carbon dioxide from off-gases generated by nuclear-fuel reprocessing facilities and nuclear power plants.
Predictive and Prognostic Factors for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer--Potholes in the Road to the Promised Land (2011)

Surgery offers the best chance of long-term cures for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer, the most common form of lung cancer. However, between one-third and one-half of early-stage tumors will relapse after curative intent resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) offers a survival advantage for up to 15% of early-stage resected cancers and has become the standard of care. Thus, having the ability to select the minority of patients who are likely to benefit from ACT would be enormously beneficial to the majority of earlystage patients who undergo resection who could avoid experiencing the morbidity associated with ACT. This strategy would also create economic benefits in addition to the health benefits for patients. In this issue of the Journal, Chen et al. (1) present a microarray-based gene expression signature that has both prognostic and predictive values for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer. Many markers have been tested for their predictive and prognostic value in lung cancer, and some have entered clinical practice. These include pathological typing that may be used to include or exclude certain forms of therapy—for example, adenocarcinoma histology is a strong predictor of outcome of pemetrexed therapy in advanced patients, and serious hemorrhagic complications may occur after bevacizumab therapy in patients with squamous histol
Microwave modulation of CO2 lasers in GaAs optical waveguides (1974)

Sideband power has been generated at frequencies offset approximately 10 GHz from a CO2 laser line, P(20)00°1→10°0, in a thin slab of GaAs. Efficent nonlinear interaction was accomplished by having the thin slab serve as both an optical waveguide and a microwave minigap ridge waveguide. With a 20-W microwave signal applied to a 30-μm-thick optical waveguide contained in a 0.9-cm-long ridge section, about 0.4% laser power has been transferred into the sidebands, consistent with the theory.
Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin and <scp>YKL</scp> ‐40 as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (2015)

CSF neurogranin and YKL-40 do not improve the diagnostic accuracy of either prodromal AD or AD dementia when compared to the core CSF AD biomarkers. Nevertheless, the CSF level of neurogranin is selectively increased in AD dementia, whereas YKL-40 is increased in both AD and FTD suggesting that synaptic degeneration and glial activation may be important in these neurodegenerative conditions.
A two stage defect recognition method for parquet slab grading (2002)

This paper demonstrates the use of a simple but effective color-based inspection method in parquet slab grading. The approach is to divide the image to small rectangular regions and calculate color percentile features from these areas. Classification is performed in two stages: defect detection and recognition. The recognition results are further used in determining the final grade for the parquet slabs. Comparative results are also presented.
Information Technology of Remote Monitoring and Control (2021)

Remote monitoring of objects or technological processes is used in many industries and service-oriented companies to obtain up-to-date information about the state of things or technical processes. The article is devoted to developing, analyzing, and implementing information technology (IT) for remote monitoring. The high-level design of IT and system for its implementation is based on the IDEF0 Functional Modeling methodology that describes the system hierarchy and establishes horizontal links between various activities. The achieved results confirm the possibility of implementing the proposed technology. The results will be of interest to technical specialists involved in the development of relevant applications but also to business analysts and managers for a better understanding of modern applied information technologies.
Real-time fusion of endoscopic views with dynamic 3-D cardiac images: a phantom study (2005)

Minimally invasive robotically assisted cardiac surgical systems currently do not routinely employ 3-D image guidance. However, preoperative magnetic resonance and computed tomography (CT) images have the potential to be used in this role, if appropriately registered with the patient anatomy and animated synchronously with the motion of the actual heart. This paper discusses the fusion of optical images of a beating heart phantom obtained from an optically tracked endoscope, with volumetric images of the phantom created from a dynamic CT dataset. High quality preoperative dynamic CT images are created by first extracting the motion parameters of the heart from the series of temporal frames, and then applying this information to animate a high-quality heart image acquired at end systole. Temporal synchronization of the endoscopic and CT model is achieved by selecting the appropriate CT image from the dynamic set, based on an electrocardiographic trigger signal. The spatial error between the optical and virtual images is 1.4/spl plusmn/1.1 mm, while the time discrepancy is typically 50-100 ms.
An in-situ infection detection sensor coating for urinary catheters (2016)

We describe a novel infection-responsive coating for urinary catheters that provides a clear visual early warning of Proteus mirabilis infection and subsequent blockage. The crystalline biofilms of P. mirabilis can cause serious complications for patients undergoing long-term bladder catheterisation. Healthy urine is around pH 6, bacterial urease increases urine pH leading to the precipitation of calcium and magnesium deposits from the urine, resulting in dense crystalline biofilms on the catheter surface that blocks urine flow. The coating is a dual layered system in which the lower poly(vinyl alcohol) layer contains the self-quenching dye carboxyfluorescein. This is capped by an upper layer of the pH responsive polymer poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (Eudragit S100®). Elevation of urinary pH (>pH 7) dissolves the Eudragit layer, releasing the dye to provide a clear visual warning of impending blockage. Evaluation of prototype coatings using a clinically relevant in vitro bladder model system demonstrated that coatings provide up to 12h advanced warning of blockage, and are stable both in the absence of infection, and in the presence of species that do not cause catheter blockage. At the present time, there are no effective methods to control these infections or provide warning of impending catheter blockage.
Interactive cellular and cordless video telephony: State-of-the-art system design principles and expected performance (2000)

Second-generation (2G) mobile radio standards have not been designed with video communications in mind, although the employment of error-resilient, constant-bit-rate proprietary video codecs over these systems is realistic. The third-generation (3G) systems are capable of providing higher rates and better communications integrity in support of video applications. This paper advocates the employment of burst-by-burst adaptive transceivers, which are capable of accommodating the time-variant channel quality fluctuation of wireless channels. This paper is concluded with a range of performance figures and system design guidelines for wireless systems.
Two-Dimensional h-BN and MoS2 as Diffusion Barriers for Ultra-Scaled Copper Interconnects (2017)

Copper interconnects in modern integrated circuits require ultra-thin barriers to prevent intermixing of Cu with surrounding dielectric materials. Conventional barriers rely on metals like TaN, however their finite thickness reduces the cross-sectional area and significantly increases the resistivity of nanoscale interconnects. In this study, a new class of two-dimensional (2D) Cu diffusion barriers, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), is demonstrated for the first time. Using time-dependent dielectric breakdown measurements and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, these 2D materials are shown to be promising barrier solutions for ultra-scaled interconnect technology. The predicted lifetime of devices with directly deposited 2D barriers can achieve three orders of magnitude improvement compared to control devices without barriers.
Chambers Earth Sciences Dictionary (1991)

A reference book providing coverage of geology, mineralogy, mineral extraction and crystallography, as well as relevant aspects of physics and chemistry. It is intended particularly for students at first-year undergraduate level but should also be useful for A-level students.
Can ecosystem-based deep-sea fishing be sustained? (2011)

Can there ever be a truly sustainable deep-sea fishery and if so, where and under what conditions? Ecosystembased fisheries management requires that this question be addressed such that habitat, bycatch species, and targeted fish populations are considered together within an ecosystem context. To this end, we convened the first workshop to develop an ecosystem approach to deep-sea fisheries and to ask whether deep-sea species could be fished sustainably. The workshop participants were able to integrate bycatch information into their framework but found it more difficult to integrate other ecosystem indicators such as habitat characteristics. (First two paragraphs from the Executive Summary)
ELEVATED LEVELS OF CIRCULATING INTERLEUKIN-6 AND TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-beta 1 IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC PROSTATIC CARCINOMA (1999)

IL-6 and TGF-beta1 correlate with tumor burden as assessed by serum PSA or clinically evident metastases. Further research is needed to determine the response to androgen ablation as well as the source(s) and actions of these cytokines.
A Highly Linear Dual-Gain CMOS Low-Noise Amplifier for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Band (2017)

A highly linear X-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed and implemented in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The LNA features both high- and low-gain operation modes. In its normal high-gain mode, the LNA shows a small-signal gain of 13.6 dB with an IIP3 of +9.5 dBm and a noise figure of 4.7 dB. The two-stage amplifier draws 90 mA from the 3.3-V power supply to achieve +14.8 dBm output P1dB (+2.2 dBm input P1dB). In the low-gain mode, the gain is reduced by about 10 dB to further enhance the linearity and to accommodate very large blockers. Accordingly, the input P1dB is enhanced to +13.7 dBm while the noise figure is increased by 8.1 dB. A technique is also introduced to maintain the input matching when the LNA is switched to operate in the low-gain mode.
Self-Healing Networks - Gridlock Prevention with Capacity Regulating Traffic Lights (2012)

The capacity of a road network is predetermined by the green times at its intersections. As these are typically designed for expected traffic demands, spontaneous demand peaks or lane blockings will likely lead to congestion spreading over larger parts of the network. We show that gridlock effects can be prevented by a capacity regulating traffic light control designed to avoid critical spill-backs and to distribute traffic among remaining road capacities. The idea is that traffic lights do not serve more vehicles than subsequent roads can accommodate. The regulation of inflow in over-saturated road segments with shorter green times implies that remaining turning directions can be served with longer green times. In consequence, defective parts of the network are relieved from some traffic, whereas remaining capacities on surrounding roads are made available by promoting alternative routes. In this way, a redistribution of traffic on bypass routes goes hand in hand with an instantaneous reallocation of green times.
Real-time causal message ordering in multimedia systems (2002)

In multimedia systems, not only do messages that are sent to and received by multiple sites need to have a consistent order imposed by all sites, but cause and effect relations must be maintained. Causal ordering allows the cause and effect relations of messages to be maintained. This paper presents an algorithm that insures that multimedia data with real-time deadlines are delivered to the application layer in causal order. The algorithm is designed to insure that any message that arrives at a destination site before its deadline will be delivered to the application before the message expires. In addition, by focusing on a form of causal ordering violations caused by "the triangle inequality," this algorithm has a low overhead with respect to the amount of information that must be appended to each message.
Dynamic Staffing and Rescheduling in Software Project Management: A Hybrid Approach (2016)

Resource allocation could be influenced by various dynamic elements, such as the skills of engineers and the growth of skills, which requires managers to find an effective and efficient tool to support their staffing decision-making processes. Rescheduling happens commonly and frequently during the project execution. Control options have to be made when new resources are added or tasks are changed. In this paper we propose a software project staffing model considering dynamic elements of staff productivity with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Hill Climbing (HC) based optimizer. Since a newly generated reschedule dramatically different from the initial schedule could cause an obvious shifting cost increase, our rescheduling strategies consider both efficiency and stability. The results of real world case studies and extensive simulation experiments show that our proposed method is effective and could achieve comparable performance to other heuristic algorithms in most cases.
Modulators for Terahertz Communication: The Current State of the Art (2019)

With the increase of communication frequency, terahertz (THz) communication technology has been an important research field; particularly the terahertz modulator is becoming one of the core devices in THz communication system. The modulation performance of a THz communication system depends on the characterization of THz modulator. THz modulators based on different principles and materials have been studied and developed. However, they are still on the way to practical application due to low modulation speed, narrow bandwidth, and insufficient modulation depth. Therefore, we review the research progress of THz modulator in recent years and evaluate devices critically and comprehensively. We focus on the working principles such as electric, optical, optoelectrical, thermal, magnetic, programmable metamaterials and nonlinear modulation methods for THz wave with semiconductors, metamaterials, and 2D materials (such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide, and tungsten disulfide). Furthermore, we propose a guiding rule to select appropriate materials and modulation methods for specific applications in THz communication.
A learning support tool with clinical cases based on concept maps and medical entity recognition (2012)

The search for truthful health information through Internet is an increasingly complex process due to the growing amount of resources. Access to information can be difficult to control even in environments where the goal pursued is well-defined, as in the case of learning activities with medical students. In this paper, we present a computer tool devised to ease the process of understanding medical concepts from information in clinical case histories. To this end, it automatically constructs concept maps and presents reliable information from different ontologies and knowledge bases. The two main components of the system are an Intelligent Information Access interface and a Concept Map Graph that retrieves medical concepts from a text input, and provides rich information and semantically related concepts. The paper includes a user evaluation of the first component and a systematic assessment for the second component. Results show that our proposal can be efficient and useful for students in a medical learning environment.
Oxidative processes of desulfurization of liquid fuels (2010)

Abstract Environmental concerns have introduced a need to remove sulfur‐containing compounds from light oil. As oxidative desulfurization is conducted under very mild reaction conditions, much attention has recently been devoted to this process. In this contribution, the developments in selective removal of organosulfur compounds present in liquid fuels via oxidative desulfurization, including both chemical oxidation and biodesulfurization, are reviewed. At the end of each section, a brief account of the research directions needed in this field is also included. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Di‐ and Trisubstituted Adenosine Derivatives (V) and (VIII) and Their Affinities at Human Adenosine Receptor Subtypes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Knowledge Awakens (2016)

Entity search over news, social media and the Web allows users to precisely retrieve concise information about specific people, organizations, movies and their characters, and other kinds of entities. This expressive search mode builds on two major assets: 1) a knowledge base (KB) that contains the entities of interest and 2) entity markup in the documents of interest derived by automatic disambiguation of entity names (NED) and linking names to the KB. These prerequisites are not easily available, though, in the important case when a user is interested in a newly emerging entity (EE) such as new movies, new songs, etc. Automatic methods for detecting and canonicalizing EEs are not nearly at the same level as the NED methods for prominent entities that have rich descriptions in the KB.
The <i>sbcC</i> and <i>sbcD</i> genes of <i>Escherichia coli</i> encode a nuclease involved in palindrome inviability and genetic recombination (1996)

We have shown that sbcCD encodes a nuclease. The purified protein has double-strand DNA exonuclease and single-strand DNA endonuclease activities. We propose that SbcCD cleaves secondary structures formed at replication forks and that the broken forks can be repaired by homologous recombination.
Patterns for How Users Overcome Obstacles in Voice User Interfaces (2018)

Voice User Interfaces (VUIs) are growing in popularity. However, even the most current VUIs regularly cause frustration for their users. Very few studies exist on what people do to overcome VUI problems they encounter, or how VUIs can be designed to aid people when these problems occur. In this paper, we analyze empirical data on how users (n=12) interact with our VUI calendar system, DiscoverCal, over three sessions. In particular, we identify the main obstacle categories and types of tactics our participants employ to overcome them. We analyzed the patterns of how different tactics are used in each obstacle category. We found that while NLP Error obstacles occurred the most, other obstacles are more likely to frustrate or confuse the user. We also found patterns that suggest participants were more likely to employ a "guessing" approach rather than rely on visual aids or knowledge recall.
A Pretargeted PET Imaging Strategy Based on Bioorthogonal Diels–Alder Click Chemistry (2013)

The high quality of the images produced by this pretargeting approach, combined with the ability of the methodology to dramatically reduce nontarget radiation doses to patients, marks this system as a strong candidate for clinical translation.
Detection of biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using a hybrid univariate gene selection methods (2012)

To strengthen the effectiveness of the univariate selection methods, we propose a hybrid approach by intersecting several of these methods in a cascaded manner. This approach surpasses all of univariate selection methods when used individually according to biological interpretation and the examination of gene expression signal profiles.
JLAG Perspectives: China's Belt and Road Initiative: What Role for Latin America? (2018)

Though excluded from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in its earliest phases, the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region was recently designated as a potential destination for Belt and Road investors. However, the extent to which LAC stands to benefit from enhanced Chinese engagement will depend more on the region’s capacity for policy coordination and strategic planning than on its official inclusion in the Belt and Road.
Repeat expansion detection analysis of (CAG)n tracts in tumor cell lines, testicular tumors, and testicular cancer families. (1997)

The mutational expansion of triplet repeat microsatellite sequences underlies the transmission of a number of heritable neurological disorders. However, this form of microsatellite instability has not previously been observed in association with malignant disease. Because trinucleotide expansions can dramatically alter gene expression and protein function, we hypothesized that they might occur in neoplastic cells as a mechanism through which to alter cancer genes. Accordingly, we used the repeat expansion detection technique to determine whether (CAG)n triplet repeat expansions were present in DNA from malignant cells. No expansions were observed in a survey of 20 tumor cell lines derived from neoplasms of the breast, ovary, cervix, endometrium, lung, colon, placenta, or hematopoietic system. However, we did observe expanded (CAG)n tracts in DNA from 5 of 11 testicular tumor cell lines and in 1 of 11 sporadic testicular tumors. Examination of the corresponding normal DNA, when available, revealed that some of the expansions were germline in nature. To assess the possibility that (CAG)n expansions underlie some cases of inherited testicular cancer, we also analyzed germline DNA from members of five kindreds predisposed to this malignancy. An increase in (CAG)n tract size was observed in all five families and was particularly striking in one large pedigree in which expansions were observed in three of four affected siblings. These observations raise the possibility that the germline transmission of expanded (CAG)n tracts may play a role in testicular tumorigenesis.