gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognizing Patterns In Log-Polar Coordinates (1992)

Log-Hough transform is basis of improved method for recognition of patterns - particularly, straight lines - in noisy images. Takes advantage of rotational and scale invariance of mapping from Cartesian to log-polar coordinates, and offers economy of representation and computation. Unification of iconic and Hough domains simplifies computations in recognition and eliminates erroneous quantization of slopes attributable to finite spacing of Cartesian coordinate grid of classical Hough transform. Equally efficient recognizing curves. Log-Hough transform more amenable to massively parallel computing architectures than traditional Cartesian Hough transform. In-place nature makes it possible to apply local pixel-neighborhood processing.
Formation of a solid lubricant in boron carbide by nitrogen ion implantation and laser annealing (1990)

A boron nitride(lubricant)/boron carbide composite (approximately 70% boron nitride) has been formed in approximately the first 750 Å of surface and near-surface regions of a polycrystalline boron carbide sample by implanting nitrogen (N) ions at 100 keV with a total dose of 4×1017 N ions/cm2 followed by xenon chloride laser annealing. The composition and the profile of the boron, carbon, and nitrogen in the sample at various stages were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. During laser annealing, the deeply implanted N atoms diffused back toward the heated surface with about 50% of them remaining in the near-surface region. Argon sputtering and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed the formation and distribution of boron nitride.
Ti:sapphire-pumped, high-repetition-rate femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (1992)

A broadly tunable femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on KTiOPO(4) that is externally pumped by a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is described. Continuous tuning is demonstrated from 1.22 to 1.37 microm in the signal branch and from 1.82 to 2.15 microm in the idler branch by using one set of OPO optics. The potential tuning range of the OPO is from 1.0 to 2.75 microm and requires three sets of mirrors and two crystals. Without prisms in the OPO cavity, 340 mW (475 mW) of chirped-pulse power is generated in the signal (idler) branch for 2.5 W of pump power. The total conversion efficiency as measured by the pump depletion is 55%. With prisms in the cavity, pulses of 135 fs are generated, which can be shortened to 75 fs by increasing the output coupling.
Towards an enterprise XML architecture (2005)

XML is being increasingly used in diverse domains ranging from data and application integration to content management. Oracle provides an enterprise wide platform for managing all types of XML content. Within the Oracle database and the application server, the XML content can be efficiently stored using a variety of storage and indexing methods and it can be processed using multiple standard languages within different programmatic environments.
An interactive, smart notepad for context-sensitive information seeking (2009)

We are building an interactive, smart notepad system where users enter brief notes to drive a dynamic information-seeking process. In this paper, we focus on describing our work from two aspects: 1) dynamic interpretation of user notes in context to infer a user's information needs, and 2) automatic generation of data queries to satisfy the inferred user needs. Compared to existing information systems, our work offers three unique contributions. First, our system allows users to focus on what to retrieve instead of how, since users can use brief notes to express their information needs without worrying about specific retrieval details. Second, users can use notes to efficiently request multiple pieces of information at once instead of issuing one query at a time. Third, users can easily update any part of their notes to obtain new or updated information. Whenever a user's notes are modified, our system automatically detects and evaluates all affected note sections to retrieve new or updated information. Our preliminary evaluation shows the promise of this work.
Genetic and Infectious Prion Diseases (1993)

Enriching fractions from Syrian hamster (SHa) brain for scrapie prion infectivity led to the discovery of the prion protein (PrP). Prion diseases include scrapie of sheep and bovine spongiform encephalopathy of cattle as well as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) of humans. Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing both SHa and mouse (Mo) PrP genes were used to probe the molecular basis of the species barrier and the mechanism of scrapie prion replication. Bioassays of brain extracts from two scrapie-infected Tg lines showed that the prion inoculum determines that prions are synthesized de novo, even though the cells express both PrP genes. Studies with artificial prions produced from chimeric Mo/SHaPrP transgenes underscore the concept that inoculated prion dictates which prion will be replicated. Discovery of mutations in the PrP genes of humans with GSS and familial CJD established that prion diseases are both genetic and infectious. Transgenic mice expressing high levels of MoPrP-P101L, corresponding to the GSS point mutation (P102L) in human PrP, spontaneously develop neurologic dysfunction, spongiform degeneration, and astrocytic gliosis. Inoculation of brain extracts prepared from these Tg (MoPrP-P101L) mice produced neurodegeneration in recipient animals after prolonged incubation times. These results are in accord with those of other studies and argue that prions are devoid of foreign nucleic acid. Structural investigations of cellular prion protein (PrPC) and prion protein scrapie (PrPSc) suggest that the difference may be conformational. Conditions that diminished the beta-sheet content of PrPSc were the same as those identified previously that inactivate prion infectivity. Whether prion diversity as reflected by distinct "strains" producing different patterns of PrPSc accumulation is due to different conformers of PrPSc remains to be established. Advances in the purification and characterization of both PrPC and PrPSc seem to have identified the central event in PrPSc synthesis and prion propagation, ie, the unfolding of PrPC followed by its refolding into PrPSc. These findings underscore the fundamental features of prion structure and propagation that differentiate prions from other transmissible pathogens.
Four-arm variable-resolution x-ray detector for CT target imaging (2005)

The basic VRX technique boosts spatial resolution of a CT scanner in the scan plane by two or more orders of magnitude by reducing the angle of incidence of the x-ray beam with respect to the detector surface. A four-arm Variable-Resolution X-ray (VRX) detector has been developed for CT scanning. The detector allows for "target imaging" in which an area of interest is scanned at higher resolution than the remainder of the subject, yielding even higher resolution for the focal area than that obtained from the basic VRX technique. The new VRX-CT detector comprises four quasi-identical arms each containing six 24-cell modules (576 cells total). The modules are made of individual custom CdWO4 scintillators optically-coupled to custom photodiode arrays. The maximum scan field is 40 cm for a magnification of 1.4. A significant advantage of the four-arm geometry is that it can transform quickly to the two-arm, or even the single-arm geometry, for comparison studies. These simpler geometries have already been shown experimentally to yield in-plane CT detector resolution exceeding 60 cy/mm (<8μ) for small fields of view. Geometrical size and resolution limits of the target VRX field are calculated. Two-arm VRX-CT data are used to simulate and establish the feasibility of VRX CT target imaging. A prototype target VRX-CT scanner has been built and is undergoing initial testing.
Insulin-coated gold nanoparticles as a new concept for personalized and adjustable glucose regulation (2015)

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by high blood glucose levels, affecting millions of people around the world. Currently, the main treatment for diabetes requires multiple daily injections of insulin and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, which markedly affect patients' quality of life. In this study we present a novel strategy for controlled and prolonged glucose regulation, based on the administration of insulin-coated gold nanoparticles (INS-GNPs). We show that both intravenous and subcutaneous injection of INS-GNPs into a mouse model of type 1 diabetes decreases blood glucose levels for periods over 3 times longer than free insulin. We further showed that conjugation of insulin to GNPs prevented its rapid degradation by the insulin-degrading-enzyme, and thus allows controlled and adjustable bio-activity. Moreover, we assessed different sizes and concentrations of INS-GNPs, and found that both parameters have a critical effect in vivo, enabling specific adjustment of blood glucose levels. These findings have the potential to improve patient compliance in diabetes mellitus.
Ambient wind energy harvesting using cross-flow fluttering (2011)

In this experimental study, we propose and test a bioinspired piezo-leaf architecture which converts wind energy into electrical energy by wind-induced fluttering motion. While conventional fluttering devices are arranged in parallel with the flow direction, here we explore a dangling cross-flow stalk arrangement. This architecture amplifies the vibration by an order of magnitude, making it appropriate for low-cost organic piezomaterials. We fabricated prototypes using flexible piezoelectric materials as stalks and polymer film as leaves. A series of experiments demonstrated a peak output power of approximately 600 μW and maximum power density of approximately 2 mW/cm3 from a single leaf.
Temporal video structuring for preservation and annotation of video content (2009)

As books have chapters, sections, paragraphs, sentences, etc., videos have an inherent hierarchical structure as well. Chapters, scenes, shots and sub-shots are the temporal units in videos. Because manual structure extraction is time-consuming, automatic segmentation has been a research effort in the past 10 to 15 years and is a prerequisite for efficient video indexing, annotation, search and retrieval. This paper focuses on our recent research in the fields of scene, shot and sub-shot extraction and their combination into a video structure detection system. The first step is the detection of shot transitions with separate detectors for hard cuts, fades, dissolves and wipes. Then complex shots are further segmented into semantically meaningful units called sub-shots. Finally the results are employed to extract scenes. We propose to use film-grammar based on shot transition types to improve the results of scene detection. The algorithms proposed are robust to distortions and artefacts found in digitized archived video.
Segmentation of Juxtapleural Pulmonary Nodules Using a Robust Surface Estimate (2011)

An algorithm was developed to segment solid pulmonary nodules attached to the chest wall in computed tomography scans. The pleural surface was estimated and used to segment the nodule from the chest wall. To estimate the surface, a robust approach was used to identify points that lie on the pleural surface but not on the nodule. A 3D surface was estimated from the identified surface points. The segmentation performance of the algorithm was evaluated on a database of 150 solid juxtapleural pulmonary nodules. Segmented images were rated on a scale of 1 to 4 based on visual inspection, with 3 and 4 considered acceptable. This algorithm offers a large improvement in the success rate of juxtapleural nodule segmentation, successfully segmenting 98.0% of nodules compared to 81.3% for a previously published plane-fitting algorithm, which will provide for the development of more robust automated nodule measurement methods.
Explorative Randomized Phase II Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Finafloxacin versus Ciprofloxacin for Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (2018)

The broad-spectrum C-8-cyano-fluoroquinolone finafloxacin displays enhanced activity under acidic conditions. This phase II clinical study compared the efficacies and safeties of finafloxacin and ciprofloxacin in patients with complicated urinary tract infection and/or pyelonephritis. A 5-day regimen with 800 mg finafloxacin once a day (q.d.) (FINA05) had results similar to those of a 10-day regimen with 800 mg finafloxacin q.d. (FINA10). Combined microbiological and clinical responses at the test-of-cure (TOC) visit were 70% for FINA05, 68% for FINA10, and 57% for a 10-day ciprofloxacin regimen (CIPRO10) in 193 patients (64 for FINA05, 68 for FINA10, and 61 for CIPRO10) of the microbiological intent-to-treat (mITT) population. Additionally, the clinical effects of ciprofloxacin on patients with an acidic urine pH (80% of patients) were reduced, whereas the effects of finafloxacin were unchanged. Finafloxacin was safe and well tolerated. Overall, 43.4% of the patients in the FINA05 group, 42.7% in the FINA10 group, and 54.2% in the CIPRO10 group experienced mostly mild and treatment-emergent but unrelated adverse events. A short-course regimen of 5 days of finafloxacin resulted in high eradication and improved clinical outcome rates compared to those for treatment with ciprofloxacin for 10 days. In contrast to those of ciprofloxacin, the clinical effects of finafloxacin were not reduced by acidic urine pH. Hospitalized adults were randomized 1:1:1 to finafloxacin treatment (800 mg q.d.) for either 5 or 10 days or to ciprofloxacin treatment (400 mg/500 mg b.i.d.) for 10 days with an optional switch from intravenous (i.v.) to oral administration at day 3. The primary endpoint was the combined microbiological and clinical response at the TOC visit in the microbiological intent-to-treat population. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01928433.).
Induction of BIM Is Essential for Apoptosis Triggered by EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Mutant EGFR-Dependent Lung Adenocarcinomas (2007)

In drug-sensitive EGFR mutant lung cancer cells, induction of BIM is essential for apoptosis triggered by EGFR kinase inhibitors. This finding implies that the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation may influence sensitivity and/or resistance of EGFR mutant lung tumor cells to EGFR kinase inhibition. Manipulation of the intrinsic pathway could be a therapeutic strategy to enhance further the clinical outcomes of patients with EGFR mutant lung tumors.
Direct Electrical Heating of Subsea Pipelines—Technology Development and Operating Experience (2007)

The formation of hydrates in the subsea production of oil and gas is a well-known problem. As the unprocessed well stream cools down, hydrates start to form around 25 degC, depending on the water cut and pressure in the pipeline. Several solutions are available to solve this problem. Generally, chemicals (i.e., methanol) have been used. Methanol reduces the critical temperature where hydrates are formed. Alternatively, hydrates can be prevented by using thermal insulation in combination with direct electrical heating (DEH). Thus, the well stream is kept above the critical temperature for hydrate formation. DEH heats the pipeline by forcing a large electric current to flow through the pipeline steel. The system model for design and sizing of the system is presented. DEH uses a single-phase system where the heated pipeline is electrically connected to the surrounding sea water. Thus, the system current is divided between sea water and pipeline, requiring additional sacrificial anodes on the pipeline. The anode system for a pipeline with DEH is discussed. There are currently more than 100 km of DEH pipelines on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The operating experience from these installations is discussed. This paper presents the research and development for application of the system for pipelines with lengths up to 50 km
The <i>Saccharomyces</i> telomere-binding protein Cdc13p interacts with both the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α and the telomerase-associated Est1 protein (2000)

Saccharomyces telomeres consist of ∼350 bp of C 1-3 A/TG 1-3 DNA. Most of this ∼350 bp is replicated by standard, semiconservative DNA replication. After conventional replication, the C 1-3 A strand is degraded to generate a long single strand TG 1-3 tail that can serve as a substrate for telomerase. Cdc13p is a single strand TG 1-3 DNA-binding protein that localizes to telomeres in vivo. Genetic data suggest that the Cdc13p has multiple roles in telomere replication. We used two hybrid analysis to demonstrate that Cdc13p interacted with both the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α, Pol1p, and the telomerase RNA-associated protein, Est1p. The association of these proteins was confirmed by biochemical analysis using full-length or nearly full-length proteins. Point mutations in either CDC13 or POL1 that reduced the Cdc13p–Pol1p interaction resulted in telomerase mediated telomere lengthening. Over–expression of the carboxyl terminus of Est1p partially suppressed the temperature sensitive lethality of a cdc13-1 strain. We propose that Cdc13p's interaction with Est1p promotes TG 1-3 strand lengthening by telomerase and its interaction with Pol1p promotes C 1-3 A strand resynthesis by DNA polymerase α.
High resolution ultrasonic interferometry for quantitative nondestructive characterization of interfacial adhesion in multilayer (metal/polymer/metal) composites (1993)

We describe an ultrasonic method for the quantitative and nondestructive characterization of interfacial adhesion. Near an interface, such as polymer/metal, there exists a thin interfacial boundary layer at the nm length scale where the polymer may have properties different from those of the bulk polymer. On the other hand, ultrasonics measures linear mechanical properties of materials on a length scale which is that of the wavelength, usually in the range of several μm. Hence, it is usually stated that standard ultrasonic techniques cannot probe interfaces effectively. Here, we report on an ultrasonic interferometry technique that is built around metal/polymer/metal structures and that exhibits high sensitivity to interfacial properties, even at usual ultrasonic wavelengths. A rigorous mathematical model for the ultrasonic response of multilayered media that accounts for viscoelasticity is presented. Results of numerical calculations point out scaling features for interfacial properties in terms of specific stiffness S. We describe our technique and illustrate some experimental results on sample multilayers where interfacial adhesion properties were modified through chemical action on the metal substrates. We show that the measurements confirm the predictions from the model. In particular, it is suggested that adhesion is not a shear-related problem only, but that extensional forces are also important. Finally, we discuss our results in relation to other techniques for characterizing confined molecular systems. This work is meant to be openended, leading to applications for nondestructive evaluation and also to perspectives in the field of fundamentals of adhesion.
Video coding for the mobile capture of higher dynamic range image sequences (2009)

This paper is concerned with the problem of capturing higher dynamic range video with a mobile device. We assume the mobile device has a standard (or low) dynamic range image sensor, and that the device is constrained by power and processing capability. To address these issues, we develop a system that captures a video sequence containing time varying exposure settings, encodes this sequence without modification, and then transmits the sequence to a decoder. The bit-stream is constructed so that legacy decoding devices only decode a single exposure setting while advanced devices decode multiple exposure settings and then use the decoded data to reconstruct a higher dynamic range image sequence.
Regeneration of spent catalysts from coal liquefaction and petroleum residual processing operations (1982)

HRI has developed a catalyst regeneration procedure for spent catalysts from both coal liquefaction and heavy petroleum residual upgrading operations to remove carbonaceous matter as well as most of the metal contaminants by chemical treatment. Test results show that activities of the regenerated catalysts from the H-Coal Process were either superior or equivalent to those of fresh catalyst. Useful vanadium and nickel salts can be reclaimed. The regeneration process is being optimized and readied for commercial application.
An in vitro study of anterior cruciate ligament graft placement and isometry (1988)

Isometric positioning of the ACL graft or prosthesis is an important consideration in successful reconstruction of the ACL-deficient knee. This study documented the relationship between graft placement and intraarticular graft length changes and graft tension changes during knee passive range of motion. Fifteen fresh cadaveric knees were mounted in stabilizing rigs. The ACL was identified and cut in each specimen. Intraarticular reconstruction was then performed using a 6 mm polypropylene braid (3M LAD, St. Paul, MN). The following graft placements were evaluated: 1) over-the-top, 2) modified over-the-top with a femoral bone trough, 3) femoral drill hole positions, and 4) tibial drill hole positions. The proximal end of the graft was fixed to the lateral aspect of the femur with a screw and spiked washer. The distal end of the graft was attached to a turnbuckle attached to a load cell on the anterior aspect of the tibia. The knee was then extended passively from 90 degrees to 0 degrees. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment A, the turnbuckle was adjusted to keep graft tension constant and the graft length changes were recorded. In Experiment B, the graft fixation sites were not altered and tension changes with range of motion were recorded. A change in the graft distance between attachment sites with knee range of motion can be monitored either by ligament length or by tension change. With the over-the-top technique, in Experiment A, the graft distance between attachment sites increased as the knee was extended (means = 4.9 mm); in Experiment B, large tension increases were recorded with knee extension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Precision holographic optical elements in Bayfol HX photopolymer (2016)

The versatility of Volume Holographic Optical Elements (vHOE) is high, especially because of their tunable angular and spectral Bragg selectivity. Those unique lightweight, thin and flat optical elements are enabled by the new instant developing photopolymer film Bayfol® HX technology, which allows to mass produce cost effective diffractive optics due to its simplified and robust holographic recording process. From a pure scientific point of view volume holography is well established. In practice though, commercially available optical design software is not adapted to handle the specific characteristics of photopolymer diffractive optical elements and their recording. To achieve high quality vHOE precision optics, the recording setup needs to accommodate several aspects that will be covered in this paper. We report on means how to deal with photopolymer shrinkage and average refractive index changes of the recording media. An important part in diffractive optics design is the compensation of different conditions between the holographic recording setup and in a final product containing the vHOE. Usually substrates might need to be changed (in material, in refractive index) as well the illumination sources are using incoherent light having angular and spectral emission profiles with finite bandwidth. Recently special in- and out-coupling vHOEs are becoming attractive e.g. in near eye displays and in compact lighting devices. We will report on design considerations and adjustments to the recording condition for a specific in-coupling vHOE and demonstrate the effects of pre-compensation on this example.