gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of vitamin D (calciferol) and its analogs. 41. 18-Substituted derivatives of vitamin D: 18-acetoxy-1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and related analogs (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of vitamin D (calciferol) and its analogs. 41. 18-Substituted derivatives of vitamin D: 18-acetoxy-1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and related analogsDavid F. Maynard, Anthony W. Norman, and William H. OkamuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 11, 3214–3217Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00037a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00037a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Borylborazines as New Precursors for Boron Nitride Fibres. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low-cost Virtual Rehabilitation of the Hand for Patients Post-Stroke (2006)

We are witnessing the convergence of game technology (both software and hardware) with rehabilitation science to form a second-generation virtual rehabilitation framework. This is fortunate in view of the need to reduce system costs and thus facilitate adoption in clinical practice. This paper presents an Xbox-based physical rehabilitation system currently under development at Rutgers University. Unlike its high-end precursor aimed at hand training for patients post-stroke, the experimental system described here uses an inexpensive P5 game glove and Java 3D simulations. This results in significant cost savings, albeit with some tradeoff in functionality
The handwritten trie (1995)

The emergence of the pen as the main interface device for personal digital assistants and pen-computers has made handwritten text, and more generally ink, a first-class object. As for any other type of data, the need of retrieval is a prevailing one. Retrieval of handwritten text is more difficult than that of conventional data since it is necessary to identify a handwritten word given slightly different variations in its shape. The current way of addressing this is by using handwriting recognition, which is prone to errors and limits the expressiveness of ink. Alternatively, one can retrieve from the database handwritten words that are similar to a query handwritten word using techniques borrowed from pattern and speech recognition. In particular, Hidden Markov Models (HMM) can be used as representatives of the handwritten words in the database. However, using HMM techniques to match the input against every item in the database (sequential searching) is unacceptably slow and does not scale up for large ink databases. In this paper, an indexing technique based on HMMs is proposed. The new index is a variation of the trie data structure that uses HMMs and a new search algorithm to provide approximate matching. Each node in the tree contains handwritten letters, where each letter is represented by an HMM. Branching in the trie is based on the ranking of matches given by the HMMs. The new search algorithm is parametrized so that it provides means for controlling the matching quality of the search process via a time-based budget. The index dramatically improves the search time in a database of handwritten words. Due to the variety of platforms for which this work is aimed, ranging from personal digital assistants to desktop computers, we implemented both main-memory and disk-based systems. The implementations are reported in this paper, along with performance results that show the practicality of the technique under a variety of conditions.
Ocean Bottom Seismic (OBS) timing drift correction using passive seismic data (2010)

The ocean contains low‐frequency passive acoustic waves that are readily detected on seismic recording devices. One source of this ambient noise is from wind and wave action at the sea surface that creates passive sound waves that propagate in all directions. Passive energy recorded during an ocean bottom seismic (OBS) survey in 1000 m of water is analyzed using seismic interferometry and a low‐ frequency dispersive arrival is observed that is interpreted using the normal mode theory of water waves. The interferometry arrivals allow the detection of clock drifts on individual sensors by analyzing the time asymmetry between the causal and acausal arrivals. The clock drifts are found to increase with time in a manner consistent with other observations. A second method for clock drift detection is developed that takes advantage of the long wavelengths in the passive energy that are typically many times the separation distance between OBS sensors. A synthetic co‐located node is created at the location of an existing sensor by interpolation of the data from neighboring sensors. Comparing the arrival times on the synthetic and real data allows for the timing drift error identification. This technique produces results consistent with the interferometry observations. Both of these techniques are useful for improving the timing fidelity of OBS data. In existing OBS node designs, up to 50% of the battery energy is used to power the oven‐ heated clocks that maintain a stable known temperature. The new methods open up the possibility of significantly extending node life by using less energy‐intensive clocks.
Implementation and Evaluation of Bi-Directional WiFi Back-channel Communication (2018)

This paper presents implementation and validation of innovative back-channel wireless communication techniques for ultra-low power (ULP) devices. Back-channel schemes allow ULP devices that are not WiFi-compliant to communicate with already-deployed WiFi infrastructure without any hardware modification. This paper introduces an improved payload bit crafting procedure to create back-channel messages embedded in standard WiFi OFDM packets. In addition, the concept of bi-directional WiFi back-channel is newly introduced and validated in the prototype system. Using a commercial WiFi chip and Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) X310 hardware platform, two downlink back-channel schemes as well as an uplink back-channel scheme are successfully demonstrated rendering realistic real-time communication performance. Field trials are performed for over-the-air wireless back-channel bi-directional communications. System characterization confirms that the proposed back-channel can operate at lower signal-to-noise ratio than what standard WiFi systems require.
Fusion of visual attention cues by machine learning (2011)

A new computational scheme for visual attention modeling is proposed. It adopts both low-level and high-level features to predict visual attention from a video signal and fuses the features by using machine learning. We show that such a scheme is more robust than those using purely single level features. Unlike conventional techniques, our scheme is able to avoid perceptual mismatch between the estimated saliency and the actual human fixation. We show that selecting the representative training samples according to the fixation distribution improves the efficacy of regressive training. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme.
Magnetically Responsive Nanostructures with Tunable Optical Properties (2016)

Stimuli-responsive materials can sense specific environmental changes and adjust their physical properties in a predictable manner, making them highly desired components for designing novel sensors, intelligent systems, and adaptive structures. Magnetically responsive structures have unique advantages in applications, as external magnetic stimuli can be applied in a contactless manner and cause rapid and reversible responses. In this Perspective, we discuss our recent progress in the design and fabrication of nanostructured materials with various optical responses to externally applied magnetic fields. We demonstrate tuning of the optical properties by taking advantage of the magnetic fields' abilities to induce magnetic dipole-dipole interactions or control the orientation of the colloidal magnetic nanostructures. The design strategies are expected to be extendable to the fabrication of novel responsive materials with new optical effects and many other physical properties.
A review of the biology of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), its role as a cofactor in the bovine respiratory disease complex and development of improved vaccines (2007)

Infection of cattle by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) can lead to upper respiratory tract disorders, conjunctivitis, genital disorders and immune suppression. BHV-1-induced immune suppression initiates bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which costs the US cattle industry approximately 3 billion dollars annually. BHV-1 encodes at least three proteins that can inhibit specific arms of the immune system: (i) bICP0 inhibits interferon-dependent transcription, (ii) the UL41.5 protein inhibits CD8+ T-cell recognition of infected cells by preventing trafficking of viral peptides to the surface of the cells and (iii) glycoprotein G is a chemokine-binding protein that prevents homing of lymphocytes to sights of infection. Following acute infection of calves, BHV-1 can also infect and induce high levels of apoptosis of CD4+ T-cells. Consequently, the ability of BHV-1 to impair the immune response can lead to BRDC. Following acute infection, BHV-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG) and germinal centers of pharyngeal tonsil. Periodically BHV-1 reactivates from latency, virus is shed, and consequently virus transmission occurs. Two viral genes, the latency related gene and ORF-E are abundantly expressed during latency, suggesting that they regulate the latency-reactivation cycle. The ability of BHV-1 to enter permissive cells, infect sensory neurons and promote virus spread from sensory neurons to mucosal surfaces following reactivation from latency is also regulated by several viral glycoproteins. The focus of this review is to summarize the biology of BHV-1 and how this relates to BRDC.
Comparison of modified sulfur cement and hydraulic cement for encapsulation of radioactive and mixed wastes (1990)

The majority of solidification/stabilization systems for low-level radioactive waste (LLW) and mixed waste, both in the commercial sector and at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, utilize hydraulic cement (such as portland cement) to encapsulate waste materials and yield a monolithic solid waste form for disposal. A new and innovative process utilizing modified sulfur cement developed by the US Bureau of Mines has been applied at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the encapsulation of many of these problem'' wastes. Modified sulfur cement is a thermoplastic material, and as such, it can be heated above it's melting point (120{degree}C), combined with dry waste products to form a homogeneous mixture, and cooled to form a monolithic solid product. Under sponsorship of the DOE, research and development efforts at BNL have successfully applied the modified sulfur cement process for treatment of a range of LLWs including sodium sulfate salts, boric acid salts, and incinerator bottom ash and for mixed waste contaminated incinerator fly ash. Process development studies were conducted to determine optimal waste loadings for each waste type. Property evaluation studies were conducted to test waste form behavior under disposal conditions by applying relevant performance testing criteria established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (for LLW) and the Environmental Protection Agency (for hazardous wastes). Based on both processing and performance considerations, significantly greater waste loadings were achieved using modified sulfur cement when compared with hydraulic cement. Technology demonstration of the modified sulfur cement encapsulation system using production-scale equipment is scheduled for FY 1991. 12 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.
Polymorphisms in the human glucocerebrosidase gene (1992)

The two glucocerebrosidase genes from a patient with Gaucher disease were cloned and 8850 bp of each sequenced. Each clone had a single nucleotide change accounting for the clinical glucocerebrosidase deficiency, an A to G transition at cDNA nucleotide 1226 in one clone, and an insertion of a G at cDNA nucleotide 84 in the other clone. Sequence analysis revealed that there were 11 additional differences between the two clones. The clone with the nt 1226 mutation was, as is always the case, Pv1.1- (polymorphic PvuII site present). The 84GG clone was Pv1.1+. Examination of 35 normal subjects and 51 Gaucher disease patients was consistent with the existence of only two major haplotypes. Two additional minor haplotypes were found, one in Africans and one in the white population. These represented additional mutations superimposed on the basic two haplotypes. Two unrelated patients with Gaucher disease seemed to be exceptions in the 5' end of the gene was heterozygous for the + and - haplotypes but the most 3' marker was homozygous. These patients are believed to have a gene deletion on one allele. In addition to these studies, we correct 28 minor errors in the originally published sequence.
Progress in design and applications of CCD cameras for Electron Microscopy (1995)

Over the last several years the long-awaited revolution in direct-digital readout systems has begun, with the introduction of efficient slow-scan CCD cameras. Earlier, the introduction of video cameras to electron microscopes had brought a quantum leap in the speed and efficiency of carrying out a host of operations. The high sensitivity of the video cameras provided the ability to see the image in much more detail and at a lower beam intensity than had been possible previously by viewing the fluorescent screen. The ability to assess, on line, characteristics such as specimen quality and image focus, even qualitatively, gave feedback to the operator that previously took hours to obtain. Due to the low resolution of these video systems, however, they were rarely useful for data recording. The current generation of CCD cameras goes a long way toward meeting the needs of data recording in many, though certainly not all, applications.
Rapid Construction of Antitumor T-cell Receptor Vectors from Frozen Tumors for Engineered T-cell Therapy (2018)

Abstract T cells genetically engineered with tumor antigen–specific T-cell receptor (TCR) genes have demonstrated therapeutic potential in patients with solid tumors. In order to achieve broader application, an efficient method to identify TCR genes for an array of tumor antigens and HLA restriction elements is required. Here, we have developed a method to construct a TCR-expression library from specimens, including frozen tumor biopsies, that contain antigen-specific T cells. TCR-expressing cassettes were constructed and cloned in a retroviral plasmid vector within 24 hours by unbiased PCR amplification of TCR α and β chain variable regions assembled with TCR constant regions. The method was validated by constructing TCR-expressing vectors from tumor antigen–specific T-cell clones and functionally assessing TCR gene–transduced T cells. We applied this method to frozen ovarian tumor specimens that were infiltrated by tumor antigen–specific T cells. The tumor-derived TCR libraries were expressed in peripheral T cells from healthy volunteers and screened for tumor antigen–specific TCR pairs with the use of an MHC/peptide tetramer reagent. Tumor antigen–specific TCR-expressing transgenes were recovered from isolated tetramer-positive T cells. Peripheral T cells that were engineered with library-derived TCR gene showed potent therapeutic antitumor effect in a tumor xenograft model. Our method can efficiently and rapidly provide tumor-specific TCR-expressing viral vectors for the manufacture of therapeutic and personalized antitumor T-cell products. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 594–604. ©2018 AACR.
Traffic Driven Automated Synthesis of Network-on-Chip from Physically Aware Behavioral Specification (2019)

The process of laying out the various interconnect components and configuring them, is termed as interconnect synthesis. A Network-on-Chip (NoC), has various building blocks such as Routers, Resizers, Power and Clock domain converters (PCDCs), Pipeline elements etc. A software tool is needed to connect these various components (topology) and then configure them (including routing) so that the user constraints are met and the overall logic and wiring cost along with power is kept low. In this paper we present a tool which generates Power, Performance and Area (PPA) optimized NoCs. The input is a behavioral specification which consists of a rough floor-plan, bridge parameters, available clock, power and voltage domains, address spaces, stochastic traffic (including classes and latency criticality), traffic dependency and any partial topology for the locked down portions of the NoC. The output is an optimized NoC, with instantiation and placement of components (routers, Resizers etc.), Virtual Channel (VC) assignments, clock-domain assignments, routing, bridge parameter tuning, FIFO sizes etc. Using this flow, we are able to generate NoCs which are within 15% of the hand-tuned designs (optimized over several months), for various metrics and exceed critical metrics by as much as 30%.
Niclosamide enhances abiraterone treatment via inhibition of androgen receptor variants in castration resistant prostate cancer (2016)

Considerable evidence from both clinical and experimental studies suggests that androgen receptor variants, particularly androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7), are critical in the induction of resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone. In this study, we investigated the role of AR-V7 in the cross-resistance of enzalutamide and abiraterone and examined if inhibition of AR-V7 can improve abiraterone treatment response. We found that enzalutamide-resistant cells are cross-resistant to abiraterone, and that AR-V7 confers resistance to abiraterone. Knock down of AR-V7 by siRNA in abiraterone resistant CWR22Rv1 and C4-2B MDVR cells restored their sensitivity to abiraterone, indicating that AR-V7 is involved in abiraterone resistance. Abiraterone resistant prostate cancer cells generated by chronic treatment with abiraterone showed enhanced AR-V7 protein expression. Niclosamide, an FDA-approved antihelminthic drug that has been previously identified as a potent inhibitor of AR-V7, re-sensitizes resistant cells to abiraterone treatment in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this preclinical study suggests that overexpression of AR-V7 contributes to resistance to abiraterone, and supports the development of combination of abiraterone with niclosamide as a potential treatment for advanced castration resistant prostate cancer.
capacity assignment algorithm for packet switching network with different grades of service (1994)

Abstract A multimedia communication network is expected to treat various kinds of information, e.g., voice, image, and data which have different demands of grade of service. Furthermore, in new high‐speed networks, end‐to‐end delay distributions or packet‐loss probabilities rather than average delays become more important performance measures. This paper presents a new heuristic design algorithm for packet switching communication networks in which the end‐to‐end delay distribution and packet‐loss probabilities are adopted as design constraints. It is shown that, while the total cost is increased slightly when compared with the former approach, end‐to‐end delays and packet‐loss probabilities between every two end‐nodes can satisfy predefined constraint as expected.
Augmented infant resuscitation (air) device to improve management of intrapartum related deaths (“birth asphyxia”) (2014)

We describe a device to improve initial training, ongoing skills maintenance, and clinical practice of newborn resuscitation with a bag valve mask (BVM) ventilator. The Augmented Infant Resuscitator (AIR) device measures ventilation parameters and presents realtime feedback on ventilation quality. A technology acceptance and feasibility study in Uganda confirms the viability of the AIR prototype. Users were receptive to the idea of live feedback during instruction, simulation, and clinical practice. Future work will focus on quantitative validation of the device and further improvements to the user interface.
Extremum-seeking control integrated online input selection with application to a chilled-water plant (2021)

Extremum seeking control (ESC) is a model-free control solution for real-time optimization of system operation where model acquisition is difficult and/or cost prohibitive. For many HVAC and refrigeration systems, there can be a large number of candidate inputs for ESC design; however, some inputs affect the performance measure to a greater degree than others. This article presents an online input selection method for multivariable ESC, which uses a singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis coupled with a dither-demodulation-based online Hessian estimate for the underlying static map. A subset of physical inputs or a new set of inputs via linear combination of the physical inputs can be determined using the proposed approach. We present an analysis for quantifying the loss bound of achievable optimum output with the underlying input selection. Further, the Hessian estimation error bound is quantified with perturbation analysis. The proposed method is evaluated with Modelica simulation models of chilled-water plants, one with a single chiller and the other with two parallel chillers. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method of input selection.
Cover Picture: Engineering of Cellobiose Dehydrogenases for Improved Glucose Sensitivity and Reduced Maltose Affinity (ChemElectroChem 4/2017) (2017)

The Front Cover picture shows mutated cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) immobilized on a graphite electrode and how preferentially glucose is oxidized by this enzyme. The enzyme consists of a larger catalytic dehydrogenase domain (grey) containing FAD as cofactor (orange) and a smaller cytochrome domain (lavender) containing heme as cofactor (yellow) connected through a linker region (green). The two electrons transferred from glucose to FAD in the catalytic reaction are then sequentially transferred from FAD to heme and, from there, directly to the electrode in a mediatorless fashion. The CDH in the picture is a mutant specially made to drastically decrease the affinity of the enzyme for maltose to minimize false readout values of blood of diabetic patients. More information can be found in the Article by R. Ortiz, L. Gorton, and co-workers on page 846 in Issue 4, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600781).