gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody blockade of semaphorin 4D breaks down barriers to enhance tumoricidal immune infiltration and supports rational immunotherapy combinations (2015)

Meeting abstracts Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D, CD100) and its receptor plexin-B1 are broadly expressed in cancer and expression correlates with invasive disease in several human tumors. SEMA4D normally functions to regulate the motility and differentiation of multiple cell types, including those of the
Two-stage coal gasification and desulfurization (1990)

The present invention is directed to a system which effectively integrates a two-stage, fixed-bed coal gasification arrangement with hot fuel gas desulfurization of a first stream of fuel gas from a lower stage of the two-stage gasifier and the removal of sulfur from the sulfur sorbent regeneration gas utilized in the fuel-gas desulfurization process by burning a second stream of fuel gas from the upper stage of the gasifier in a combustion device in the presence of calcium-containing material. The second stream of fuel gas is taken from above the fixed bed in the coal gasifier and is laden with ammonia, tar and sulfur values. This second stream of fuel gas is burned in the presence of excess air to provide heat energy sufficient to effect a calcium-sulfur compound forming reaction between the calcium-containing material and sulfur values carried by the regeneration gas and the second stream of fuel gas. Any ammonia values present in the fuel gas are decomposed during the combustion of the fuel gas in the combustion chamber. The substantially sulfur-free products of combustion may then be combined with the desulfurized fuel gas for providing a combustible fluid utilized for driving a prime mover. 1 fig.
<title>Spectral Extrapolation With Spatial Constraints</title> (1978)

A new technique is described for improving transform encoded signal reconstruction by extrapolating missing coefficients in the transform domain. The extrapolation algorithm is very simple and it can easily be incorporated into one-and two-dimensional transform hardware. Examples of signal reconstruction are included for one- and two-dimensional signals. The extrapolation algorithm is especially simple in the case of the Haar transform, due to the global-local properties of the Haar coefficients. The generalized formula is derived for both Haar and Walsh-Hadamard transforms. The incorporation of the spectral extrapolation into a real time bandwidth compression system is also described.
MAP symbol decoding in channels with error bursts (2001)

We analyze the forward-backward algorithm for the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding of information transmitted over channels with memory and propose a suboptimal forward-only algorithm. We assume that both the information source and channel are described using hidden Markov models (HMMs). The algorithm lends itself to parallel implementation and pipelining. We apply the algorithm to MAP decoding of symbols which were trellis-code modulated and transmitted over channels with error bursts.
Historic Overview and Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Super-statins (2010)

Satins are the most frequently prescribed and efficient drugs for treatment of lipid disorders. These drugs represent one of the most valuable therapeutic classes of compounds in the pharmaceutical sector. Since their discovery as fungal metabolites, many structural modifications have been performed during the past 30 years to obtain structurally refined and even more potent derivatives. These modifications led to the group of fully synthetic statins which are frequently addressed as super-statins. Structurally these compounds consist of a heterocyclic core attached to the chiral 3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic or heptanoic acid side chain. Given their economical importance and well-established therapeutic applications with new indications continuously rising, much effort has been devoted to the improvement of primary synthetic strategies towards super-statins. Indeed, high consumption and multi-ton world wide production of super-statins pose continuous challenge for their economical and eco-friendly synthesis which makes super-statins attractive synthetic target for the organic chemist. Therefore, over the past two decades synthetic chemists have developed an assortment of routes to super-statins. In pursuit to develop easy and practical approaches to super-statins array of new and innovative strategies have been developed. Many of these are outstanding synthetic achievements, especially in the area of chiral side chain synthesis. This review highlights the main methods for the synthesis of super-statin chiral side chain and heterocyclic core building blocks and provides a comprehensive survey of the evolution of synthetic approaches to marketed super-statins: fluvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and pitavastatin.
Salmonella Typhimurium Detection on Food Surface using Magnetoelastic Biosensors (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Synergetic engineering of central carbon and nitrogen metabolism for the production of <i>N</i>‐acetylglucosamine in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2019)

N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a nitrogen-containing compound, which is widely used as a nutraceutical and pharmaceutical. In our previous work, we constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain for the biosynthesis of GlcNAc by engineering the central carbon metabolism. However, nitrogen is also required for the synthesis of GlcNAc. Hence, it is necessary to simultaneously coordinate the carbon and nitrogen metabolism to improve production of GlcNAc. In this work, we attempted to enhance GlcNAc production in B. subtilis by increasing supply of precursors N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate (GlcNAc6P) and glutamate. The expression of a key enzyme, GlcNAc6P N-acetyltransferase (GNA1), was enhanced by engineering the promoter and ribosome binding site to enhance the production of GlcNAc6P. Next, we examined the effect of different nitrogen sources on GlcNAc synthesis. We observed that urea can promote nitrogen assimilation for GlcNAc synthesis. The glutamate synthesis was improved by deleting the two endogenous glutamate dehydrogenase genes (rocG and gudB) and by integrating one exogenous glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh). This strategy enhanced the intracellular glutamate and glutamine by 69.8% and 46.9%, respectively. The synergetic engineering of central carbon and nitrogen metabolisms increased the GlcNAc titer from 14.0 to 22.2 g/L in the shaker flask. Hence, our study demonstrated the importance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism coordination in the production of nitrogen-containing compounds.
Sprout: A Functional Caching Approach to Minimize Service Latency in Erasure-Coded Storage (2016)

The rapid growth of data traffic in storage systems has put a significant burden on the underlying networks of cloud storage systems. Historically, a key solution to relieve this traffic burden is caching [1]. Many companies have adopted erasure-coded storage systems. However, caching for data centers when the files are encoded with an erasure code has not been studied to the best of our knowledge. This paper proposes a new functional caching approach called Sprout that can efficiently capitalize on existing file coding in erasure-coded storage systems. In contrast to exact caching that stores chunks identical to original copies, our functional caching approach forms d new data chunks, which together with the existing n chunks satisfy the property of being an (n + d, k) MDS code. Thus, the file can now be recovered from any out of n + d chunks (rather than k out of n under exact caching), effectively extending coding redundancy, as well system diversity for scheduling file access requests. The proposed functional caching approach saves latency due to more flexibility to obtain k-d chunks from the storage system a very minimal additional computational cost of creating the coded cached chunks. While quantifying service latency erasure-coded storage systems is an open problem, we generalize previous results on probabilistic scheduling policy [2,3] that distributes file requests to cache and storage nodes with optimized probabilities, and derive a closed-form upper bound on mean service latency for the proposed functional caching approach.
Separation and Characterization of Reactive and Non-Reactive Sulfur in Petroleum and Its Fractions (2015)

We present an efficient, easy-to-use chromatographic method to separate reactive and nonreactive sulfur compounds in crude oil for subsequent quantitative analysis and molecular characterization. Sulfur compounds in petroleum samples are separated by ligand exchange chromatography (LEC) on a silver-modified strong-cation exchange (SCX) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. LEC separation takes advantage of the bonding affinity of different sulfur types with silver-cations. The elution of a particular sulfur type (reactive or nonreactive) depends on the “strength” of the solvent used. One solvent mixture elutes nonreactive sulfur compounds (thiophenics and diaryl sulfides) into the first fraction. A second solvent mixture elutes reactive S-compounds (sulfides and disulfides) into the second fraction. A third reactive sulfur class (thiols) irreversibly reacts with the impregnated silver-ion to form silver thiolates that are insoluble in the solvent mixtures employed. The distribution of reactive and nonreactive sulfur in a sample can be determined by measurement of sulfur content in separated fractions. The isolated fractions are also well-suited for molecular characterization by a variety of techniques including gas-chromatography-based methods (e.g., GC or GC × GC-SCD, GC-MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), both of which are demonstrated herein.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Mg&ndash;Zn&ndash;La Amorphous Alloys Containing Nanoscale hcp-Mg Particles (1992)

An amorphous single phase and coexistent amorphous and hcp-Mg phases in the Mg–Zn–La system were found to form in the composition ranges of 20 to 40%Zn and 0 to 12%La and 12 to 20%Zn and 0 to 4%La, respectively. The hcp phase has an ellipsoidal morphology and the particle size and interparticle distance are in the range of 5 to 10 nm and 3 to 10 nm, respectively. The mixed phase alloys exhibit high mechanical strength combined with good ductility and the tensile strength (σB) and fracture elongation (εf) at 288 K are 675 MPa and 4.3% for Mg85Zn12La3. The yield strength (σy) decreases from 570 to 150 MPa with increasing temperature from 288 to 368 K, accompanying an increase of εf to 50%. The maximum εf value is obtained near the temperature (≅365 K) at which the hcp Mg phase begins to precipitate. The largest values of σB and εf are considerably larger than those (600 MPa and 2.0%) for amorphous Mg–Zn–La alloys. The increase in σB by the formation of the mixed structure is presumably due to a dispersion hardening of the hcp supersaturated solution which has the hardness higher than that of the amorphous phase with the same composition.
Metallic glass composition. [That does not embrittle upon annealing] (1984)

This patent pertains to a metallic glass alloy that is either iron-based or nickel-based or based on a mixture of iron and nickel, containing lesser amounts of elements selected from the group boron, silicon, carbon and phosphorous to which is added an amount of a ductility-enhancing element selected from the group cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium and neodymium sufficient to increase ductility of the metallic glass upon annealing.
Two-dimensional halide perovskites featuring semiconducting organic building blocks (2020)

A timely review of recent exciting progress is provided regarding the molecular design, optical characterization, and device fabrications of novel 2D halide perovskite materials incorporating functional organic semiconducting building blocks.
Improvement of Galactose Uptake in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> through Overexpression of Phosphoglucomutase: Example of Transcript Analysis as a Tool in Inverse Metabolic Engineering (2005)

Through genome-wide transcript analysis of a reference strain and two recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with different rates of galactose uptake, we obtained information about the global transcriptional response to metabolic engineering of the GAL gene regulatory network. One of the recombinant strains overexpressed the gene encoding the transcriptional activator Gal4, and in the other strain the genes encoding Gal80, Gal6, and Mig1, which are negative regulators of the GAL system, were deleted. Even though the galactose uptake rates were significantly different in the three strains, we surprisingly did not find any significant changes in the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes catalyzing the first steps of the pathway (i.e., the genes encoding Gal2, Gal1, Gal7, and Gal10). We did, however, find that PGM2, encoding the major isoenzyme of phosphoglucomutase, was slightly up-regulated in the two recombinant strains with higher galactose uptake rates. This indicated that PGM2 is a target for overexpression in terms of increasing the flux through the Leloir pathway, and through overexpression of PGM2 the galactose uptake rate could be increased by 70% compared to that of the reference strain. Based on our findings, we concluded that phosphoglucomutase plays a key role in controlling the flux through the Leloir pathway, probably due to increased conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate. This conclusion was supported by measurements of sugar phosphates, which showed that there were increased concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate, galactose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate in the strain construct overexpressing PGM2.
Semaphorin 3A is a marker for disease activity and a potential immunoregulator in systemic lupus erythematosus (2012)

This is the first study in which a reduced serum level of sema3A was found in association with SLE disease activity. It also raises the possibility that sema3A may have a regulatory function in SLE.
Targeting of Rifamycin SV to the Colon for Treatment of Travelers' Diarrhea: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Phase 3 Study (2014)

RIF-MMX shortened the duration of TD in patients with a broad range of pathogens and was well tolerated. The unique pharmacokinetic properties of the drug offer evidence that TD pathogens work at the level of the colon.
Copper‐ and Palladium‐Containing Perovskites: Catalysts for the Ullmann and Sonogashira Reactions. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Repair welding technologies for heat recovery steam generator tubing (2006)

AbstractA number of premature failures have been observed in heat recovery steam generators, both along the length of finned tubes and at attachment locations where tubes are joined to the upper or lower header. Such failures are expensive to correct; furthermore, poor welding access and repair practices often result in recurrence of the failures with existing welding technology. Two separate welding technologies under development to address tube failures are described. In the first, for failures along the length of the tube, damaged sections are severed from the existing tube and replaced via gas metal arc welding from the inside of the tube. A welding head has been specifically designed to perform this inside out 'window weld' repair. The second technology addresses tube to header attachment damage via removal of the existing stub from the inside of a header and its replacement with a slightly oversized and tapered tube. The two technologies identified have the potential to give significant improvements in repair of heat recovery steam generator tube failures by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and repair organisations.Keywords: REPAIR WELDINGFINNED TUBESHEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATORSHEAT EXCHANGER TUBING
Analysis of multiple‐acquisition SSFP (2004)

Refocused steady-state free precession (SSFP) is limited by its high sensitivity to local field variation, particularly at high field strengths or the long repetition times (TRs) necessary for high resolution. Several methods have been proposed to reduce SSFP banding artifact by combining multiple phase-cycled SSFP acquisitions, each differing in how individual signal magnitudes and phases are combined. These include maximum-intensity SSFP (MI-SSFP) and complex-sum SSFP (CS-SSFP). The reduction in SSFP banding is accompanied by a loss in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency. In this work a general framework for analyzing banding artifact reduction, contrast, and SNR of any multiple-acquisition SSFP combination method is presented. A new sum-of-squares method is proposed, and a comparison is performed between each of the combination schemes. The sum-of-squares SSFP technique (SOS-SSFP) delivers both robust banding artifact reduction and higher SNR efficiency than other multiple-acquisition techniques, while preserving SSFP contrast.
Spiking neural network model of cortical auditory source segregation (2014)

Humans have the remarkable ability to tune into a particular voice even in loud noisy environments. The neural underpinnings of this amazing perceptual phenomenon are not yet fully understood. Recent EcoG [1] and MEG studies [2] have established that the neural representation of the attended speaker’s speech is much stronger than the unattended (distractor) speech when human subjects are asked to pay attention to a target speaker in a mixture of speech. How the brain sieves through the mixture waveform to enhance the target speaker’s speech and attenuate the background acoustic scene is still being investigated. In this work, we propose a spiking neural network architecture based on the theory of temporal coherence [3] to achieve auditory source segregation.

Our model does not require training on the background noise or prior exposure to the target speech. Along with using bottom-up spectro-temporal features and pitch features, the model can also accommodate top-down attentional mechanisms to generate segregated phase locked neural representations to target speaker’s speech envelope. The model comprises of a feature extraction stage followed by clustering stage. The feature extraction stage mimics the auditory pathway starting from a cochlear representation followed by a multi-resolution analysis of the cochlear output using a bank of band-pass filters (cortical stage), to provide a rich timbre representation. Dominant pitch tracks are extracted from the sound mixture and processed through the same set of band-pass filters as the timbre channels. The output of the feature extraction stage comprising of the pitch and timbre channels are transduced into a spike-based representation using leaky integrate and fire neurons with time constants tuned to the bandwidth of the multi-resolution band-pass filters. The clustering stage comprises of a bank of coincidence detector neurons. Using the pitch signals as anchors the coincidence detector neurons can segregate the two sources from the mixture timbre representation. Thus, the output of the coincidence detector neurons comprises only of responses phase locked to the envelope of a single source.

This model does not require any weight learning, is unsupervised and can segregate sources online. Previous studies on correlation based sound segregation employed network of neurons with intrinsic oscillator dynamics [4]. In this work, clustering of features belonging to a single source is driven only by the temporal coherence of spectro-temporal features of the given source. This spike-based representation provides an easy mechanism to group coherent features, which otherwise would require computationally expensive numerical routines for online, adaptive principal components analysis. Future work is aimed at reconstructing the speech waveform from the segregated spike trains.
Expression Pattern and Gene Characterization ofAsporin (2001)

We have discovered a new member of the class I small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family which is distinct from the other class I SLRPs since it possesses a unique stretch of aspartate residues at its N terminus. For this reason, we called the molecule asporin. The deduced amino acid sequence is about 50% identical (and 70% similar) to decorin and biglycan. However, asporin does not contain a serine/glycine dipeptide sequence required for the assembly of O-linked glycosaminoglycans and is probably not a proteoglycan. The tissue expression of asporin partially overlaps with the expression of decorin and biglycan. During mouse embryonic development, asporin mRNA expression was detected primarily in the skeleton and other specialized connective tissues; very little asporin message was detected in the major parenchymal organs. The mouse asporin gene structure is similar to that of biglycan and decorin with 8 exons. The asporin gene is localized to human chromosome 9q22-9q21.3 where asporin is part of a SLRP gene cluster that includes extracellular matrix protein 2, osteoadherin, and osteoglycin. Further analysis shows that, with the exception of biglycan, all known SLRP genes reside in three gene clusters.
System Identification of Mistuned Bladed Disks From Traveling Wave Response Measurements (2003)

A new approach to modal analysis is presented that allows the modes and natural frequencies of a mistuned bladed disk to be determined from its response to a traveling wave excitation. The resulting modes and natural frequencies are then used as input to a system identification method to determine the bladed disk’s mistuning while it is rotating. This capability is useful since it provides a basis for determining blade frequencies under engine operational conditions and could help monitor the health of the engine.
Methylene Chloride Extraction of Gossypol from Cottonseed Products (1981)

ABSTRACT Methylene chloride was used to reduce the amount of free and total (free plus bound) gossypol in hexane‐defatted meal and the liquidcyclone‐processed (LCP) underflow fraction of glanded cottonseeds from 2.6% and 3.4% to 0.013% and 0.15%, respectively (the accepted level of free gossypol in cottonseed products for food is 0.045%). The cottonseed meals were pretreated one of three ways to rupture the gossypol glands: (a) equilibrated with additional water; (b) suspended in various water‐propylene glycol mixtures; or (c) mixed with an acetic acid‐water‐propylene glycol solution. The gossypol was then readily extracted from the meals with methylene chloride. Low levels of water and acetic acid in propylene glycol aided methylene chloride in the removal of free and total gossypol and did not greatly alter the proximate composition, solubility, and gel electrophoretic properties of proteins; amino acid content; and chemical scores of the treated meals. Success with this process should improve the potential of LCP‐cottonseed by‐product (underflow) as feed or food.
Effect of melatonin on intraocular pressure (1988)

We studied the effect of orally administered melatonin on intraocular pressure in humans. We suppressed serum melatonin levels by exposing our subjects to bright light. Our experiments suggest that melatonin lowers intraocular pressure in man. This may prove to be a therapeutically useful agent since melatonin appears to be relatively free of side effects and is effective in small quantities.