gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgene-Mediated and Elicitor-Induced Perturbation of Metabolic Channeling at the Entry Point into the Phenylpropanoid Pathway (1999)

3H-l-Phenylalanine is incorporated into a range of phenylpropanoid compounds when fed to tobacco cell cultures. A significant proportion of (3)H-trans-cinnamic acid formed from (3)H-l-phenylalanine did not equilibrate with exogenous trans-cinnamic acid and therefore may be rapidly channeled through the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) reaction to 4-coumaric acid. Such compartmentalization of trans-cinnamic acid was not observed after elicitation or in cell cultures constitutively expressing a bean phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) transgene. Channeling between PAL and C4H was confirmed in vitro in isolated microsomes from tobacco stems or cell suspension cultures. This channeling was strongly reduced in microsomes from stems or cell cultures of transgenic PAL-overexpressing plants or after elicitation of wild-type cell cultures. Protein gel blot analysis showed that tobacco PAL1 and bean PAL were localized in both soluble and microsomal fractions, whereas tobacco PAL2 was found only in the soluble fraction. We propose that metabolic channeling of trans-cinnamic acid requires the close association of specific forms of PAL with C4H on microsomal membranes.
Surface properties of Streptococcus salivarius HB and nonfibrillar mutants: measurement of zeta potential and elemental composition with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1988)

To characterize the functional cell surface, the zeta potentials and elemental surface composition of Streptococcus salivarius HB and a range of mutants with known molecular surface structures were determined. Zeta potentials of fully hydrated cells were measured as a function of pH in dilute potassium phosphate solutions, yielding isoelectric points of the strains. Elemental composition (O, C, N, and P) of the outer 2 to 5 nm of the freeze-dried cell surfaces were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An increasing loss of proteinaceous fibrillar surface antigens of the mutants was found to be accompanied by a progressive decrease in the N/C ratio from 0.104 in the parent strain HB to 0.053 in mutant HBC12. Simultaneously, the value of the isoelectric point shifted from 3.0 to 1.3. In a previous study (A.H. Weerkamp, H.C. van der Mei, and J. W. Slot, Infect. Immun. 55:438-455, 1987) on the cell surfaces of the same strains, it was shown that removal of fibrils led to increased exposure of (lipo)teichoic acid at the surface, which explains the low isoelectric point caused by the low pKa of the phosphate groups.
Irreversible light-enhanced degradation in amorphous silicon solar cells at elevated temperatures (1996)

An irreversible light-enhanced degradation has been observed in amorphous silicon solar cells exposed to intense illumination (50 suns) at elevated temperature (≳130 °C). Unlike the light-induced degradation observed at lower temperatures, the light-enhanced degradation observed at elevated temperatures is not reversed by annealing and it not suppressed by a strong reverse bias. An analysis of the time decay of the short-wavelength spectral response at various temperatures indicates that the degradation mechanism is associated with the diffusion of hydrogen at elevated temperatures both in the dark and under intense illumination.
Nanoscale Metal–Organic Layers for Deeply Penetrating X‐ray‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy (2017)

Abstract We report the rational design of metal–organic layers (MOLs) that are built from [Hf 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (HCO 2 ) 6 ] secondary building units (SBUs) and Ir[bpy(ppy) 2 ] + ‐ or [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ ‐derived tricarboxylate ligands (Hf‐BPY‐Ir or Hf‐BPY‐Ru; bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, ppy=2‐phenylpyridine) and their applications in X‐ray‐induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) of colon cancer. Heavy Hf atoms in the SBUs efficiently absorb X‐rays and transfer energy to Ir[bpy(ppy) 2 ] + or [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ moieties to induce PDT by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ability of X‐rays to penetrate deeply into tissue and efficient ROS diffusion through ultrathin 2D MOLs (ca. 1.2 nm) enable highly effective X‐PDT to afford superb anticancer efficacy.
Design-Technology Co-Optimization of Standard Cell Libraries on Intel 10nm Process (2018)

This paper highlights the co-optimization of process technology, std. cell library offerings and block-level TFM on Intel 10nm node to enable unprecedented scaling opportunity for products ranging from high performance client/server to low power mobile/IoT segments. The 10nm short height library enables 2.7x transistor density scaling going from 14nm counterpart. The taller height libraries are optimized to meet performance and reliability requirements of Intel's leading edge client/server products. PPA trade-offs are analyzed both at std. cell level and block level on an industry standard Core IP design.
Vehicle Routing with Pickup and Delivery (2012)

Solving the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and its related variants is at the heart of scientific research for optimizing logistics planning. One important variant of the VRP is the Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP). In the PDP, it is generally required to find one or more minimum cost routes to serve a number of customers, where two types of services may be performed at a customer location, pickup or a delivery. We considered two variants of the PDP, the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (PDPTW), and the One-commodity Pickup and Delivery Problem (1-PDP). We investigated heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches for solving the selected PDP variants. Our research focuses on handling the difficult problem constraints in a simple and effective way. Two main aspects of the solution algorithm are directed to achieve this goal, the solution representation and the neighborhood moves. In general, the findings of the research indicate the success of our approach in devising simple and robust solution mechanisms that can be integrated with vehicle routing optimization tools and used in a variety of real world applications.
Effect of <i>Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge</i> on Cerebral Infarct in Ischemia-reperfusion Injured Rats (2003)

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, cerebral infarction results from blood stasis, and the method of quickening the blood and dispelling stasis is used to treat cerebral infarct. salvia miltorrhiza bunge (SM) is a Chinese herb, which is considered to have an action of quickening the blood and dispelling stasis, and is frequently used to treat related disorders of blood stasis such as cerebrovascular accident and ischemic heart disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of SM on cerebral infarct in ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were studied. A model of focal cerebral infarct was developed by occluding both common carotid arteries and the right middle cerebral artery for 90 minutes. After 24 hours reperfusion, the rats were killed and the brain tissue was stained with 2, 3, 5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The areas of cerebral infarct were calculated, and lumino-chemiluminesence (CL) counts and lucigenin-CL counts of peripheral blood taken at this time were measured. The changes in the area of cerebral infarct were used as an index to evaluate the effect of SM on cerebral infarct. The results indicated that pretreatment with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg SM reduced the area of cerebral infarct and also reduced the luminol-CL counts of peripheral blood in ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. This study has demonstrated that SM can reduce the area of cerebral infarct in ischemia-reperfusion injured rats, suggesting it may be useful in the treatment of cerebral infarct in humans. The therapeutic effect of SM may be partly due to its free radical scavenging activities.
LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND LEARNING (1996)

Long-term potentiation (LTP), a relatively long-lived increase in synaptic strength, remains the mot popular model for the cellular process that may underlie information storage within neural systems. The strongest arguments for a role of LTP in memory are theoretical and involve Hebb's Postulate, Marr's theory of hippocampal function, and neural network theory. Considering LTP research as a whole, few studies have addressed the essential question: Is LTP a process involved in learning and memory? The present manuscript reviews research that attempts to link LTP with learning and memory, focusing on studies utilizing electrophysiological, pharmacological, and molecular biological methodologies. Most evidence firmly supports a role for LTP in learning memory. However, an unequivocal experimental demonstration of a contribution of LTP to memory is hampered by our lack of knowledge of the biological basis of memory and of the ways in which memories are represented in ensembles of neurons, the existence of a variety of cellular forms of LTP, and the likely resistance of distributed memory stores to degradation by treatments that incompletely disrupt LTP.
Compact CMOS Analog Counter for SPAD Pixel Arrays (2014)

In this brief, the design and experimental characterization of a compact analog readout circuit for photon counting is presented. A test chip, including a 20 × 20 counter array, has been manufactured in a standard 0.35-μm CMOS technology. The circuit delivers an output voltage proportional to the input pulse count, with a programmable voltage step. The counting resolution can be set to 7 or 8 bits with a readout noise of 0.15 and 0.3 electrons, respectively, and an output nonuniformity of 4% across the array, which brings a factor 3 improvement with respect to previous analog designs. A worst case integral nonlinearity of ±0.6 and ±1 LSB and a differential nonlinearity of ±0.3 and ±0.6 LSB were measured over the whole array of counters at 7- and 8-bit resolution, respectively. The area occupation of this analog implementation (230 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is a factor 10 smaller than a digital counter of the same resolution. Due to the compactness and the lower counter power consumption with regard to the former designs, the proposed circuit can be exploited for signal processing in high-spatial resolution single-photon-avalanche-diode-based image sensors.
Granulocyte-macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Provokes RAS Activation and Transcription of c-fos through Different Modes of Signaling (1996)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) provokes a proliferative response and induction of early-response genes such as c-fos in target cells. It also induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, including the beta subunit (betac) of its functional receptor. However, locations and functions of phosphorylated tyrosine residues within the betac are unclear. To elucidate the mechanism of the human GM-CSF receptor signal transduction, mutational analyses were made of the cytoplasmic domain of the beta-c, using murine BA/F3 cells. Deletion of the conserved box 1 motif resulted in loss of tyrosine phosphorylation of the betac, thereby indicating an essential role for this motif in activating the tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates betac. A C-terminal truncated mutant at position 589 activated the c-fos promoter, and this activation was diminished by a substitution at tyrosine 577 (Tyr577). However, the same substitution in the full-length betac did not completely abrogate the c-fos promoter activation, hence, redundant signaling pathways probably exist. When we analyzed signaling molecules functioning downstream of the beta-c we found that Tyr577 is essential for Shc phosphorylation, while tyrosine phosphorylation of PTP1D was mediated through Tyr577 as well as through other site(s). We suggest that GM-CSF stimulates at least two modes of signals leading to Ras activation, an event which ultimately gives rise to promoter activation of c-fos.
Adenovirus Infections after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Still Unravelling the Story (2007)

It was realized during the early history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that a major hindrance in improving outcome was posttransplant viral infections. Cytomegalovirus infection was identified early as a major cause of mortality, and the efforts invested in the understanding of the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus disease and its prevention over the past 2 decades have had a significant impact in reducing deaths directly related to the virus. Discoveries involving Epstein-Barr virus‐associated posttransplantation lymphoproliferation provided understanding, as well. These developments led to the emergence of other viral pathogens, such as adenoviruses, as major contributors to posttransplantation mortality.
On key distribution protocols for repeated authentication (1993)

In [KSL92], Kehne et al. present a protocol (KSL) for key distribution. Their protocol allows for repeated authentication by means of a ticket. They also give a proof in BAN logic [BAN89] that the protocol provides the principals with a reasonable degree of trust in the authentication and key distribution. They present an optimality result that their protocol contains a minimal number of messages. Nonetheless, in [NS93] Neuman and Stubblebine present a protocol (NS) as an explicit alternative to KSL that requires one less message in the initial authentication and key distribution. One goal of this paper is to examine some of the reasons for this discrepancy. Another goal is to demonstrate possible attacks on NS. Like any attacks on cryptographic protocols, these depend on assumptions about implementation details. But, when possible they are serious: a penetrator can initiate the protocol, masquerade as another principal, obtain the session key, and even generate the session key herself. 1 We will set out implementation assumptions required for the attacks to take place and implementation assumptions that preclude such an attack. We will also look at other protocols, including one that is not subject to this form of attack and has the same number of messages as NS. Finally, we will briefly discuss the logical analysis of these repeat authentication protocols.
Beam-steering in microstrip patch antenna array using DGS based phase shifters at 5.2 GHz (2015)

Design and experimental analysis of beam steering in microstrip patch antenna array using dumbbell shaped Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for S-band (5.2 GHz) application was carried out in this study. The Phase shifting in antenna has been achieved using different size and position of dumbbell shape DGS. DGS has characteristics of slow wave, wide stop band and compact size. The obtained radiation pattern has provided steerable main lobe and nulls at predefined direction. The radiation pattern for different size and position of dumbbell structure in microstrip patch antenna array was measured and comparative study has been carried out.
Type Classification of Semi-Structured Documents (1995)

Semi-structured documents (e.g. journal art,icles, electronic mail, television programs, mail order catalogs, . ..) a.re often not explicitly typed; the only available t,ype information is the implicit structure. An explicit t,ype, however, is needed in order to a.pply objectoriented technology, like type-specific methods. In this paper, we present a.n experimental vector space cla.ssifier for determining the type of semi-structured documents. Our goal was to design a. high-performa.nce classifier in t,erms of accuracy (recall and precision), speed, and extensibility.
Identification of distinct regions of 5' flanking DNA that mediate constitutive, IFN-gamma, STAT1, and TGF-beta-regulated expression of the class II transactivator gene. (1998)

Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a master regulator required for constitutive and IFN-gamma-inducible expression of class II MHC genes. Although the role of CIITA is greatly appreciated, the mechanisms underlying constitutive and IFN-gamma-induced expression of CIITA are not understood. The study of CIITA induction is extremely important, but has been fraught with difficulty. This study describes for the first time a large (7-kb) fragment of 5' flanking sequences that mediates the B cell-specific, IFN-gamma-induced, and TGF-beta-suppressed expression of CIITA. This pattern of expression matches the authentic expression of the endogenous gene. Within the 7-kb fragment, sequences that lie between nucleotides -545 and -113 relative to the transcriptional start site are critical for constitutive promoter expression in B cells. In contrast, inducible activation of CIITA by IFN-gamma requires sequences contained in an additional 4 kb of upstream DNA. This region mediates an IFN-gamma response when linked to either the endogenous CIITA promoter or a heterologous promoter. A role for STAT1 in regulation of the CIITA promoter is shown by the rescue of IFN-gamma induction by expression of STAT1 in STAT1-defective U3A cells. TGF-beta significantly inhibits IFN-gamma-mediated induction of the CIITA promoter in 2fTGH fibroblasts, which indicates that the promoter is a target for TGF-beta. This inhibition is achieved by suppression of the basal promoter. This study provides a focal point for understanding the mechanism of B cell-specific, IFN-gamma-induced, and TGF-beta-suppressed expression of CIITA.
Queuine, a tRNA anticodon wobble base, maintains the proliferative and pluripotent potential of HL-60 cells in the presence of the differentiating agent 6-thioguanine. (1991)

6-Thioguanine (6-TG)-induced differentiation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (IMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8)-deficient HL-60 cells is characterized by 2 days of growth, after which morphological differentiation proceeds. Addition of the tRNA wobble base queuine, in the presence of 6-TG, maintains the proliferative capability of the cells. The ability of 6-TG to induce differentiation correlates with c-myc mRNA down-regulation, but queuine has no effect on this parameter. Treatment with 6-TG for 2-3 days commits HL-60 cells to granulocytic differentiation, and, once committed, these cells do not respond to the monocytic inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Nonetheless, when cells are treated with queuine and 6-TG, they maintain the promyelocytic morphology and are capable of being induced down the monocytic pathway by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate as indicated by stabilization of c-fms mRNA and cell adherence. In the absence of queuine, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is incapable of inducing monocytic markers in the 6-TG-treated cells. The data presented indicate that 6-TG-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells is a tRNA-facilitated event and that the tRNA wobble base queuine is capable of maintaining both the proliferative and pluripotent potential of the cells.
Role of soluble and cell surface molecules in the pathogenesis of autoimmune skin diseases. (2006)

The skin is one of the most commonly involved tissue in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Different mechanisms are thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of skin lesions. In genetically predisposed individuals, ultraviolet (UV) light can contribute to the induction of skin lesions via an inflammatory process. UV light promotes the release of cytokines by keratinocytes and the induction of adhesion molecules on the surface of epidermal cells initiating a cascade of inflammatory events and recruiting immunoinflammatory cells into the skin. In this review data regarding the expression of TNF-alpha in lesional skin tissue from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients and the role of interferons in the pathogenesis of skin manifestations of rheumatic autoimmune diseases are reported. In addition, an overview on the expression of cellular adhesion molecules in these diseases is provided.UV light can also induce apoptosis in keratinocytes. During this cell death several enzymes became activated. Among them, desoxyribonuclease (DNase) is an enzyme involved in degrading DNA during apoptosis. Data regarding the activity of DNAse in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus as a possible risk factor for the development of systemic disease are here reported.
Surface Activity of Sputum From Acute Asthmatic Patients (1997)

The cause of airway resistance that develops during an asthma attack is not fully understood. Besides bronchospasm and airway edema, a surfactant dysfunction has been suggested as a reason for an increase in airway resistance. This study sought to determine if surface activity of airway fluid is altered in acute asthmatic attacks. Sputa were collected serially from seven patients with acute asthmatic attacks and compared with that of normal subjects (n = 15) and subjects with stable asthma (n = 14). Sputa were analyzed for minimal surface tension (STmin), phospholipids (PL), and total proteins (TP). There were no significant differences in STmin, PL, and TP between sputa from normal subjects and subjects with stable asthma. In the acute phase of the attack, TP, TP/PL ratio, and STmin significantly increased. However, in the recovery phase of the attack, TP/PL ratio and STmin significantly decreased. These data demonstrated that surface properties of airway fluid deteriorated in the early phase of the asthma attack, but were ameliorated in the recovery phase possibly by the surfactant recruitment. The drastic changes in surface activity of sputum suggest that changes in airway surfactant may be partly involved in the pathogenesis of the airway obstruction during asthmatic attack.
Novel Dual-Polarized Planar Ultrawideband Monopole Antenna (2014)

A novel dual-polarized ultrawideband planar monopole antenna operating in the microwave frequency band is presented. The novel antenna is designed around a disc-loaded monopole antenna with a single microstrip feed and three polarization controlling switches. The antenna is designed on low-cost FR-4 substrate with 1/2-oz copper cladding. The overall size of the antenna is 53 × 70 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The dual-polarized antenna exhibits over 97.6% 10-dB return loss at 3.1 GHz, a gain of ~ 1 dBi across the band of operation with a polarization isolation better than 15 dB across the band.
Emerging reconfigurable nanotechnologies (2018)

Several emerging reconfigurable technologies have been explored in recent years offering device level runtime reconfigurability. These technologies offer the freedom to choose between p- and n-type functionality from a single transistor. In order to optimally utilize the feature-sets of these technologies, circuit designs and storage elements require novel design to complement the existing and future electronic requirements. An important aspect to sustain such endeavors is to supplement the existing design flow from the device level to the circuit level. This should be backed by a thorough evaluation so as to ascertain the feasibility of such explorations. Additionally, since these technologies offer runtime reconfigurability and often encapsulate more than one functions, hardware security features like polymorphic logic gates and on-chip key storage come naturally cheap with circuits based on these reconfigurable technologies. This paper presents innovative approaches devised for circuit designs harnessing the reconfigurable features of these nanotechnologies. New circuit design paradigms based on these nano devices will be discussed to brainstorm on exciting avenues for novel computing elements.