gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectroscopy over Optical Fibers with the Use of a Near-IR FT Spectrometer (1988)

A commercial Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer was modified for remote near-IR Raman spectroscopy. In one configuration, a single optical fiber was used to guide the excitation light to the specimen and to collect scattered light from the specimen. In an alternative configuration, separate fibers were used for excitation and collection. The optical fiber probes were used to record the Raman spectra of both liquid and solid specimens. The Raman scattering of the optical fibers interfered with the analyte signal. This fiber interference was affected by the optical properties of the specimen and the optical sampling configuration. These interferences were partially removed by subtracting a background spectrum. Potential applications and improvements are discussed.
Phase II trail cisplatin in refractory childhood cancer: Children's Cancer Study Group Report. (1981)

A total of 114 children with solid tumors refractory to conventional therapy were evaluated for response and/or toxic effects after receiving cisplatin at doses of 3.0-4.5 mg/kg with aggressive hydration and mannitol diuresis every 3 weeks; a minimum of two courses was required for evaluation of response (110 patients). Objective responses were noted in 18 patients: rhabdomyosarcoma (three), Wilm's tumor (three), osteogenic sarcoma (three). Ewing's sarcoma (two), neuroblastoma (one), undifferentiated sarcoma (one), hepatoblastoma (one), ovarian teratoma (one), hepatocellular carcinoma (one), embryonal carcinoma of the mediastinum (one), and thymoma (one). Twenty-six patients had some evidence of renal toxicity. Asymptomatic hearing loss was commonly found when audiometry was performed (eight of 18 patients tested). Eight additional patients had symptomatic hearing problems--tinnitus or hearing loss. Myelosuppression was mild. Hypomagnesemia and/or hypocalcemia were common but only one patient had symptoms. Cisplatin, administered at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg with aggressive hydration and mannitol diuresis, is reasonably well-tolerated. Its role in the therapy for those tumors against which it shows activity remains to be determined.
<title>High-contrast SSFLC display utilizing naphthalene-base liquid crystal materials and conductive orientation films (Invited Paper)</title> (1992)

This paper reports the electrical properties of a surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display provided by an almost ideal bookshelf layer structure. The bookshelf layer structure is obtained by ordinary rubbed polymer film cell by utilizing a particular liquid crystal material; naphthalene-ring contained liquid crystals. First, we show the layer structure of the naphthalene base FLCs analyzed by x-ray diffractions. Second, the electro-optic switchings of the naphthalene base FLCs are discussed. Then the effect of the depolarization field on the polarization switching is mentioned. Some polarization switching phenomena in conjunction with the the conductivity of the orientation layer is shown. Finally, we mention our multiplexed FLC prototype. It has 640 X 201 pixels, shows 40:1 contrast ratio, and 40 transmittance.
Constraining Interwell Water Flood Imaging with Geology and Petrophysics: An Example from the Middle East (2009)

Abstract Time-lapse cross-well electromagnetic (EM) surveys are used to monitor two types of fluid injection (Water Injection and Water Alternating Gas) in a giant field in the Middle East. Cross-well EM data will help optimize sweep efficiency, identify bypassed pay, and predict fluid-related issues such as water breakthrough by providing an image of the resistivity distribution between boreholes in time lapse. This paper explores the influence of a high quality background geologic model in constraining the interwell results and providing a higher resolution image of the ongoing flooding processes. The classic EM inversion process determines a coarse (3 to 5 m resolution) resistivity distribution from a basic initial static reservoir model built from logs. This study refines the model by adding variable resolutions to encompass the small-scale heterogeneities common to carbonate reservoirs. Incorporating geological data derived from seismic attributes, core descriptions, and detailed log analyses into the static model helps optimize the EM inversion and increases the resolution of the resulting inverted model.
CHARACTERISTIC OF MILD ACID FUNCTIONALIZED MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES TOWARDS HIGH DISPERSION WITH LOW STRUCTURAL DEFECTS (2012)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have a great potential in wide applications but faces limitation in term of dispersion feasibility. The aggregation of MWCNTs floss has restricted its usage and thus, acid treatment is expected to promote the MWCNTs reaggregation. The functionalization process of MWCNTs involves oxidation reaction using mild aqueous acid mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 (1:3 v/v), via ultrasonication technique. The results were then confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Xray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. From the FTIR spectrum, the existence of carboxyl group indicates the oxidation of MWCNTs on the outer surface wall. TEM and FE-SEM micrographs show the occurrence of surface modification on the MWCNTs structure. The method used in functionalization MWCNTs has created fragmented structure toward the functionalized MWCNTs. TGA analysis on functionalized MWCNTs also shows the presence of the oxygenated group decomposition. Finally, a well dispersed of MWCNTs colloidal was successfully obtained with less MWCNTs structure collapsed.
Developmental and evolutionary diversity of plant MADS-domain factors: insights from recent studies (2012)

Members of the MADS-box transcription factor family play essential roles in almost every developmental process in plants. Many MADS-box genes have conserved functions across the flowering plants, but some have acquired novel functions in specific species during evolution. The analyses of MADS-domain protein interactions and target genes have provided new insights into their molecular functions. Here, we review recent findings on MADS-box gene functions in Arabidopsis and discuss the evolutionary history and functional diversification of this gene family in plants. We also discuss possible mechanisms of action of MADS-domain proteins based on their interactions with chromatin-associated factors and other transcriptional regulators.
Review on the Antimicrobial Properties of Carbon Nanostructures (2017)

Swift developments in nanotechnology have prominently encouraged innovative discoveries across many fields. Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising platforms for a broad range of applications due to their unique mechanical, electronic, and biological properties. Carbon nanostructures (CNSs) such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and diamond-like carbon (DLC) have been demonstrated to have potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activities toward pathogens. In order to ensure the safe and effective integration of these structures as antibacterial agents into biomaterials, the specific mechanisms that govern the antibacterial activity of CNSs need to be understood, yet it is challenging to decouple individual and synergistic contributions of physical, chemical and electrical effects of CNSs on cells. In this article, recent progress in this area is reviewed, with a focus on the interaction between different families of carbon nanostructures and microorganisms to evaluate their bactericidal performance.
Abstract 2474: Potent small molecule TEAD inhibitors targeting the Hippo pathway exhibit antiproliferation in vitro and anti-tumor effect in vivo (2020)

Abstract The Hippo signaling cascade is an important pathway for cancer biogenesis and tumor maintenance. The Hippo pathway is heavily mutated across many cancer indications through loss of function mutations in genes such as NF2. These pro-tumor mutations lead to the constitutive activation of the downstream transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ that drive the expression of many pro-survival and proliferation genes through the essential interaction with a TEAD protein family member. In addition, this unrestrained transcriptional program drives enhanced immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. To target this oncogenic pathway we identified novel small molecule inhibitors that selectively bind to TEAD and disrupt their interaction with YAP and TAZ thereby downregulating YAP- and TAZ-dependent transcription. These inhibitors prevent TEAD palmitoylation which is essential for the interaction between YAP and TEAD. Furthermore, they inhibit in vitro proliferation of YAP-dependent (i.e. Hippo pathway-deficient cancer cell lines), but not Hippo pathway wild type cancer cell lines. An attraction of targeting this pathway is that many differentiated cells and tissues do not rely on the Hippo pathway, but notable exceptions have been demonstrated with tissue specific mouse knockouts in the bile duct and kidney podocytes. Importantly, our compounds did not affect survival of a differentiated mouse podocyte cell line or compromise mouse kidney histology. Subsequent experiments in vivo demonstrate these inhibitors downregulate YAP-dependent genes in human tumor xenografts after oral dosing. In addition, these inhibitors exhibit single agent tumor growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in mice at well tolerated oral doses. These data demonstrate the potential for targeting this critical pathway in cancers with small molecules. Additional studies to identify tumor types that are Hippo pathway-driven and dependent on TEAD function are in progress. Citation Format: Ben Amidon, Sakeena Syed, Jill Cavanaugh, Hyejin Frosch, Prabitha Natarajan, Jeffrey Ecsedy, Karen McGovern, Alfredo C. Castro. Potent small molecule TEAD inhibitors targeting the Hippo pathway exhibit antiproliferation in vitro and anti-tumor effect in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2474.
Synthesis of Fe16N2 compound Free-Standing Foils with 20 MGOe Magnetic Energy Product by Nitrogen Ion-Implantation (2016)

Rare-earth-free magnets are highly demanded by clean and renewable energy industries because of the supply constraints and environmental issues. A promising permanent magnet should possess high remanent magnetic flux density (Br), large coercivity (Hc) and hence large maximum magnetic energy product ((BH)max). Fe16N2 has been emerging as one of promising candidates because of the redundancy of Fe and N on the earth, its large magnetocrystalline anisotropy (Ku > 1.0 × 10(7) erg/cc), and large saturation magnetization (4πMs > 2.4 T). However, there is no report on the formation of Fe16N2 magnet with high Br and large Hc in bulk format before. In this paper, we successfully synthesize free-standing Fe16N2 foils with a coercivity of up to 1910 Oe and a magnetic energy product of up to 20 MGOe at room temperature. Nitrogen ion implantation is used as an alternative nitriding approach with the benefit of tunable implantation energy and fluence. An integrated synthesis technique is developed, including a direct foil-substrate bonding step, an ion implantation step and a two-step post-annealing process. With the tunable capability of the ion implantation fluence and energy, a microstructure with grain size 25-30 nm is constructed on the FeN foil sample with the implantation fluence of 5 × 10(17)/cm(2).
Transistor matching in analog CMOS applications (2002)

This paper gives an overview of MOSFET mismatch effects that form a performance/yield limitation for many designs. After a general description of (mis)matching, a comparison over past and future process generations is presented. The application of the matching model in CAD and analog circuit design is discussed. Mismatch effects gain importance as critical dimensions and CMOS power supply voltages decrease.
Measuring Blood Pressure for Decision Making and Quality Reporting: Where and How Many Measures? (2011)

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service.
Unraveling Muscle Impairment Associated With COVID-19 and the Role of 3D Culture in Its Investigation (2022)

COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been considered a public health emergency, extensively investigated by researchers. Accordingly, the respiratory tract has been the main research focus, with some other studies outlining the effects on the neurological, cardiovascular, and renal systems. However, concerning SARS-CoV-2 outcomes on skeletal muscle, scientific evidence is still not sufficiently strong to trace, treat and prevent possible muscle impairment due to the COVID-19. Simultaneously, there has been a considerable amount of studies reporting skeletal muscle damage in the context of COVID-19. Among the detrimental musculoskeletal conditions associated with the viral infection, the most commonly described are sarcopenia, cachexia, myalgia, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Of note, the risk of developing sarcopenia during or after COVID-19 is relatively high, which poses special importance to the condition amid the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The yet uncovered mechanisms by which musculoskeletal injury takes place in COVID-19 and the lack of published methods tailored to study the correlation between COVID-19 and skeletal muscle hinder the ability of healthcare professionals to provide SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with an adequate treatment plan. The present review aims to minimize this burden by both thoroughly exploring the interaction between COVID-19 and the musculoskeletal system and examining the cutting-edge 3D cell culture techniques capable of revolutionizing the study of muscle dynamics.
Raf kinase inhibitor protein mediates intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and promotes IBDs in humans and mice (2016)

RKIP contributes to colitis development by promoting inflammation and mediating IEC apoptosis and might represent a therapeutic target of IBD.
A connection-oriented model for service description (2002)

A model for the specification and analysis of telecommunication services for intelligent networks is proposed. The model is called connection-oriented because the state of each entity in the network is decomposed into the number of connections it has with the other entities. The dynamics of the system are described by rule sets which transform connection patterns. The object-oriented knowledge-based KIWIS system has been used to implement the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel double-density single-gate vertical-channel (SGVC) 3D NAND Flash utilizing a flat-channel thin-body device (2016)

We have developed a novel single-gate vertical channel (SGVC) 3D NAND Flash architecture. The device is a single-gate, flat-channel TFT charge-trapping device with ultra-thin body. The ultra-thin body TFT device enables tight initial Vt distribution as well as excellent short-channel effect that is comparable to and sometimes superior than the more prevailing gate-all-around (GAA) macaroni devices of other 3D NAND architectures. Unlike GAA device for which the electric field is a function of channel hole curvature, the flat cell is insensitive to etching CD, thus SGVC device is very tolerable to the non-ideal vertical etching and has shown superb layer-to-layer device uniformity. Even without help from curvature (like in GAA) our SGVC flat cell achieves excellent P/E window of >10V with only modest interferences that can support TLC (3 logic bits per cell) operation. Owing to the double-density in a single WL trench and much more efficient array design with minimal overhead, SGVC architecture offers 2 to 4 times memory density than GAA VC 3D NAND at the same stack layer number.
An Automated Production Fastening System for LGP and Hi-Lok Titanium Bolts for the Boeing 737 Wing Panel Assembly Line (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A new automated production system for installation of Lightweight Groove Proportioned (LGP) and Hi-Lock bolts in wing panels has been implemented in the Boeing 737 wing manufacturing facility in Renton, Washington. The system inserts LGP and Hi-Lok bolts into interference holes using a ball screw mechanical squeeze process supported by a back side rod-locked pneumatic clamp cylinder. Collars are fed and loaded onto a swage die retaining pin, and swaging is performed through ball screw mechanical squeeze. Offset and straight collar tools allow the machine to access 99.9% of fasteners in 3/16″, ¼″ and 5/16″ diameters. Collar stripping forces are resolved using a dynamic ram inertial technique that reduces the pull on the work piece. Titanium TN nuts are fed and loaded into a socket with a retaining spring, and installed on Hi-Loks Hi-Lok with a Bosch right angle nut runner. Bolt installation and collar swage heights and loads, as well as nut torque values are captured and logged for future reference.</div></div>
Semi-Automated Cell Panning for Efficient Isolation of FGFR3-Targeting Antibody (2021)

Phage display technology is a widely used practical tool for isolating binding molecules against the desired targets in phage libraries. In the case of targeting the membrane protein with its natural conformation, conventional bio-panning has limitations on the efficient screening of the functionally relevant antibodies. To enrich the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) pools for recognizing the natural conformation of the membrane targets, the conventional bio-panning and screening process was modified to include the semi-automated cell panning protocol. Using FGFR3-overexpressing patient-derived cancer cells, biotin-X-DHPE was introduced and coupled to Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads for use in the solution-phage bio-panning procedure. The resulting clones of scFv were compared to the diversity of the binding region, especially on CDR-H3. The clones enriched further by cell-based panning procedure possessed a similar binding site and the CDR-H3 loop structure. The resulting antibodies inhibited cell growth and induced target degradation. This process may be a useful tool for screening biologically related antibodies that recognize natural conformational structure on cell membrane protein. Furthermore, cell-based panning has the potential to further expand to a high-throughput screening (HTS) system and automation process.
Optimal placement of heterogeneous wireless sensor and relay nodes (2011)

Oil and Gas industry shows great interest in deploying wireless sensor network for monitoring smart wells. The deployed sensors are very expensive and it is important to minimize the deployment cost while satisfying the coverage and connectivity requirements. In this work, we present a coverage-connectivity model for optimal deployment of sensors and relays. The monitored field is presented as a grid of 2D bounded space. We develop an Integer Linear Program (ILP) for minimizing the total cost of the sensors and relays for complete coverage of predetermined critical points in the monitored field and maintain and connectivity of the sensors with a central processing unit. The proposed model lends itself easily to a wide range of industrial applications. A numerical example is presented.
A Novel Rate-Adaptive Distributed Source Coding Scheme Using Polar Codes (2012)

In this paper, we propose a rate-adaptive distributed source coding (DSC) scheme for two correlated sources using polar codes. We change the rule of selecting new frozen bits when the decoder requests more information. In our scheme, new frozen bits are chosen according to successive cancellation (SC) decoding instead of Bhattacharyya parameter. On receipt of a new frozen bit, SC decoding will continue from the new bit rather than restart from the first one. The novel scheme eliminates the recalculation of the previously decoded bits while reaching a competitive compression rates compared with alternatives. Furthermore, we derive a method for computing the average compression rates of the schemes in this paper, which match with the simulation results properly. Analysis shows that our novel scheme can reduce the decoding complexity significantly.
Symmetry (2004)

All single crystals possess translational symmetry, and most possess other symmetry elements as well. In this chapter we describe the 32 crystallographic point groups used for single crystals. The seven Curie groups used for textured polycrystalline materials are enumerated in the next chapter. We live in a three-dimensional world which means that there are basically four kinds of geometric symmetry operations relating one part of this world to another. The four primary types of symmetry are translation, rotation, reflection, and inversion. As pictured in Fig. 3.1, these symmetry operators operate on a point with coordinates Z1, Z2, Z3 and carry it to a new position. By definition, all crystals have a unit cell that is repeated many times in space, a point Z1, Z2, Z3 is repeated over and over again as one unit cell is translated to the next. A mirror plane perpendicular to one of the principal axes is a two-dimensional symmetry element that reverses the sign of one coordinate. Rotation axes are one-dimensional symmetry elements that change two coordinates, while an inversion center is a zero-dimensional point that changes all three coordinates. In developing an understanding of the macroscopic properties of crystals, we recognize that the scale of physical property measurements is much larger than the unit cell dimensions. It is for this reason that we are not concerned about translational symmetry and work with the 32 point group symmetries rather than the 230 space groups. This greatly simplifies the structure–property relationships in crystal physics. Aside from the identity operator 1, there are only four types of rotational symmetry consistent with the translation symmetry common to all crystals. Fig. 3.2 shows why. Parallelograms, equilateral triangles, squares, and hexagons will pack together to fill space but, pentagons symmetry axes are found in crystals. This is the starting point for generating the 32 crystal classes. When taken in combination with mirror planes and inversion centers, these four types of rotation axes are capable of forming 32 self-consistent three-dimensional symmetry patterns around a point. These are the so-called 32 crystal classes or crystallographic point groups.
Mammalian expression vectors for metabolic biotinylation tandem affinity tagging by co-expression in cis of a mammalian codon-optimized BirA biotin ligase (2018)

We constructed and tested by transient transfections mammalian expression vectors for the co-expression from a single plasmid of N- or C-terminally tagged proteins bearing a tandem affinity tag comprised of the biotinylatable Avi tag and of a triple FLAG tag separated by a tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site, together with a mammalian codon-optimized BirA biotin ligase fused to green fluorescent protein. We also describe platform vectors for the N- or C-terminal AVI-TEV-FLAG tagging of any complementary DNA of choice. These vectors offer versatility and efficiency in the application of metabolic biotinylation tandem affinity tagging of nuclear proteins in mammalian cells.