gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Direction-of-Arrival Estimation in Array Signal Processing (2004)

A new computationally efficient subspace-based method without eigendecomposition (SUMWE) is investigated for the direction estimation of coherent narrowband signals impinging on a uniform linear array by exploiting the array geometry and its shift invariance property. In the proposed method, the computationally cumbersome eigendecomposition and the evaluation of all correlations of the array data are not required, and the effect of additive noise is eliminated. And the SUMWE can be extended to the spatially correlated noise by choosing appropriate subarrays. Further an adaptive implementation of the SUMWE is presented for tracking the directions of slowly moving signals. The performance of the presented algorithms is verified through numerical examples.
Flexible, high-efficiency solar cells: approaches and advanced design concepts (2013)

Flexible photovoltaic cells with a specific power of more than 275 W/kg have been demonstrated by depositing copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) absorber layers on ultra lightweight and highly durable titanium foil. Advanced device designs employing nanostructured optical coatings and exploiting optical cavity effects provide a pathway to further increase power-generating capability. Single-junction CIGS devices can potentially outperform multi-junction III-V structures in some environments, including under high air mass terrestrial spectrums.
Contrast-enhanced microwave imaging of breast tumors using sparsity regularization (2012)

We propose a technique for microwave imaging of breast tumors using contrast agents to influence the tumor dielectric properties. Scattered field data obtained before and after the agent alters the tumor properties are used to formulate a microwave inverse scattering problem whose solution is the change in dielectric properties introduced by contrast agent. A relatively small number of voxels are assumed to be influenced by the contrast agent, so the change in dielectric properties is obtained using a regularizer that encourages sparse solutions. A computational study using 2D numerical breast phantoms indicates tumors are accurately localized by this method and suggests this is a promising approach to tumor localization even in dense breast tissue.
Patient image retrieval: an object-oriented coupled knowledge-based/database approach (1992)

One of the challenging design problems in picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is to extend information retrieval technologies to handle multimedia information retrieval. This paper presents an object-oriented coupled knowledge-base/database design of an image retrieval expert system (IRES) that retrieves relevant previous patient images to aid the diagnosing of new patient images using PACS technology. A synthesized object-oriented entity-relationship (SOOER) methodology has been developed to derive the design of IRES. This methodology has several features unique to the family of object-oriented knowledge-base design methods and is applicable to general expert system and other multimedia information systems applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New PEG-ylated Mn(<scp>iii</scp>) porphyrins approaching catalytic activity of SOD enzyme (2005)

Two new tri(ethyleneglycol)-derivatized Mn(III) porphyrins were synthesized with the aim of increasing their bioavailability, and blood-circulating half-life. These are Mn(III) tetrakis(N-(1-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)pyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTTEG-2-PyP5+ and Mn(III) tetrakis(N,N'-di(1-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)imidazolium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTDTEG-2-ImP5+. Both porphyrins have ortho pyridyl or di-ortho imidazolyl electron-withdrawing substituents at meso positions of the porphyrin ring that assure highly positive metal centered redox potentials, E1/2 = +250 mV vs. NHE for MnTTEG-2-PyP5+ and E1/2 = + 412 mV vs. NHE for MnTDTEG-2-ImP5+. As expected, from established E1/2 vs. log kcat(O2 *-) structure-activity relationships for metalloporphyrins (Batinic-Haberle et al., Inorg. Chem., 1999, 38, 4011), both compounds exhibit higher SOD-like activity than any meso-substituted Mn(III) porphyrins-based SOD mimic thus far, log kcat = 8.11 (MnTTEG-2-PyP5+) and log kcat = 8.55 (MnTDTEG-2-ImP5+), the former being only a few-fold less potent in disproportionating O2*- than the SOD enzyme itself. The new porphyrins are stable to both acid and EDTA, and non toxic to E. coli. Despite elongated substituents, which could potentially lower their ability to cross the cell wall, MnTTEG-2-PyP5+ and MnTDTEG-2-ImP5+ exhibit similar protection of SOD-deficient E. coli as their much smaller ethyl analogues MnTE-2-PyP5+ and MnTDE-2-ImP5+, respectively. Consequently, with anticipated increased blood-circulating half-life, these new Mn(III) porphyrins may be more effective in ameliorating oxidative stress injuries than ethyl analogues that have been already successfully explored in vivo.
Novel Human Erythrovirus Associated with Transient Aplastic Anemia (1999)

Erythrovirus (formerly parvovirus) B19 causes a wide range of diseases in humans, including anemia due to aplastic crisis. Diagnosis of B19 infection relies on serology and the detection of viral DNA by PCR. These techniques are usually thought to detect all erythrovirus field isolates, since the B19 genome is known to undergo few genetic variations. We have detected an erythrovirus (V9) markedly different from B19 in the serum and bone marrow of a child with transient aplastic anemia. The B19 PCR assay yielded a product that hybridized only very weakly to the B19-specific probe and whose sequence diverged more from those of 24 B19 viruses (11 to 14%) than the divergence found within the B19 group (</=6.65%). Restriction enzyme analysis of the V9 genome revealed that this genetic divergence extended beyond the amplified region. Interestingly, serological tests failed to demonstrate a response characteristic of acute B19 infection. V9 could be a new erythrovirus, and new diagnostic tests are needed for its detection.
Ge Photodetectors Integrated with Waveguides for Electronic-Photonic Integrated Circuits on CMOS Platform (2007)

Ge p-i-n photodetectors monolithically integrated with silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride waveguides on Si CMOS platform are presented. The devices demonstrated high efficiency (1.08A/W) and high-speed (≫ 14 Gbit/s) performances at low bias.
Switchable Solvents Consisting of Amidine/Alcohol or Guanidine/Alcohol Mixtures (2007)

Liquids that consist of a mixture of an alcohol and either an amidine or a guanidine have been developed to switch from a low-polarity form to a high-polarity ionic liquid upon treatment with CO2 at atmospheric pressure. Treatment with N2 and/or mild heat (50−60 °C) reverses the process. These liquids can be used as switchable solvents to dissolve and then precipitate a solute or to dissolve reagents for a chemical synthesis and then precipitate the product.
Layered Predictive Coding of Time-Consistent Dynamic 3D Meshes using a Non-Linear Predictor (2007)

We present a layered predictive compression approach for time-consistent dynamic 3D meshes. The algorithm decomposes each frame of a dynamic 3D mesh in layers employing patch-based mesh simplification techniques. This layered decomposition is consistent in time. Following the predictive coding paradigm, local temporal and spatial dependencies between layers and frames are exploited for compression. Prediction is performed vertex-wise from coarse to fine layers exploiting local linear and non-linear dependencies between vertex locations for compression. It is shown that a non-linear predictive exploitation of the proposed layered configuration of vertices can improve the compression performance upon other state-of-the-art approaches by more than 15% in domains relevant for applications.
SU‐DD‐A3‐02: Slice Based Image Guidance with Tomotherapy (2005)

Purpose: To improve the temporal resolution of image guided radiation therapy with slice based CT images from treatment beams of tomotherapy. In slice based image guidance (SBIG), the patient position would be monitored nearly concurrently at the time treatment. Method and Materials: The experiment was performed on a benchtop tomotherapy (BT) and on a regular TomoTherapy Hi.Art 2.0 (TH2). BT consists of a 6MV source, a kV source, a standard CT detector and an actuator. A Rando phantom was scanned by BT with two different dose levels of 1 cGy and 0.1 cGy and a ROI was contoured on the lower dose image. The treatment beams that delivered conformal dose to the ROI were used to filter the sinogram of the higher dose scan. Based on multi‐resolution analysis, the incomplete filtered sinogram was locally reconstructed to obtain ROI, which was fused back to lower dose image. A similar process was repeated with lung phantom on the TH2 with MLC modulation. The number of projections for BT is 600/rotation and for TH2 is 51/rotation. Results: Images reconstructed from the conformal beams on BT shows that without additional beams, the ROI can be reconstructed with good quality. Fine structures with width of 2–4 mm are clear. The MLC reproducibility is higher than 99.97% but the ROI image from TH2 was degraded by severe artifacts. Conclusion: The fusion image from BT suggests that a positioning accuracy of 2mm is achievable. The SBIG image from TH2 shows substantial artifacts, which mainly because that the number of projections are too few and the scatters from the multi‐leaf collimator. The first problem can be solved by using pulses instead of the 51 angles from optimization. The second problem would require a modified optimization by adding conformal beams without MLC modulation.
Localization in sensor networks - A matrix regression approach (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to sensor localization problems, based on recent developments in machine leaning. The main idea behind it is to consider a matrix regression method between the ranging matrix and the matrix of inner products between positions of sensors, in order to complete the latter. Once we have learnt this regression from information between sensors of known positions (beacons), we apply it to sensors of unknown positions. Retrieving the estimated positions of the latter can be done by solving a linear system. We propose a distributed algorithm, where each sensor positions itself with information available from its nearby beacons. The proposed method is validated by experimentations.
Improved display calibration algorithm for wide viewing angle DICOM GSDF compliance (2008)

LCDs suffer from viewing angle dependency, meaning that characteristics of LCDs change with viewing angle. DICOM GSDF calibration and corresponding quality checks typically take place for on-axis viewing. However, users will use the display for a broad range of viewing angles. Several studies have shown that when calibration is done for on-axis viewing then the display is not accurately complying with the DICOM GSDF standard when viewing off-axis. This paper presents a novel solution: we adapt the DICOM GSDF calibration algorithm to have inherent robustness against change of viewing angle. A validation has been done by means of a 5 Mega Pixel medical display. Results show that it is possible to double the range of viewing angles (18° instead of 9°) for which the display is within the 10% tolerance as defined in the DICOM GSDF standard. This result is very useful because users typically will use their displays also for off-axis viewing angles.
Pneumatic oscillator circuits for timing and control of integrated microfluidics (2013)

Frequency references are fundamental to most digital systems, providing the basis for process synchronization, timing of outputs, and waveform synthesis. Recently, there has been growing interest in digital logic systems that are constructed out of microfluidics rather than electronics, as a possible means toward fully integrated laboratory-on-a-chip systems that do not require any external control apparatus. However, the full realization of this goal has not been possible due to the lack of on-chip frequency references, thus requiring timing signals to be provided from off-chip. Although microfluidic oscillators have been demonstrated, there have been no reported efforts to characterize, model, or optimize timing accuracy, which is the fundamental metric of a clock. Here, we report pneumatic ring oscillator circuits built from microfluidic valves and channels. Further, we present a compressible-flow analysis that differs fundamentally from conventional circuit theory, and we show the utility of this physically based model for the optimization of oscillator stability. Finally, we leverage microfluidic clocks to demonstrate circuits for the generation of phase-shifted waveforms, self-driving peristaltic pumps, and frequency division. Thus, pneumatic oscillators can serve as on-chip frequency references for microfluidic digital logic circuits. On-chip clocks and pumps both constitute critical building blocks on the path toward achieving autonomous laboratory-on-a-chip devices.
Depth sensing with focus and exposure adaptation (2012)

Automatic focus and exposure are the key components in digital cameras nowadays, which jointly play an essential role for capturing a high quality image. In this paper, we make an attempt to address these two challenging issues for future depth cameras. Relying on a programmable projector, we establish a structured light system for depth sensing with focus and exposure adaptation. The basic idea is to change current illumination pattern and intensity locally according to the prior depth information. Consequently, object surfaces appearing at different depths in the scene can receive proper illumination respectively. In this way, more flexible and robust depth sensing can be achieved in comparison with fixed illumination, especially at near depth.
Si-doped GaAs by SiCl4-AsCl3 liquid solution in AsCl3/GaAs-Ga/H2 chemical vapor deposition system (1981)

We have used SiC14/AsC13 liquid solutions for Si doping of GaAs epitaxial layers grown using the AsC13/GaAs-Ga/H2 chemical vapor deposition system. These solutions can be readily prepared with reproducible compositions and can provide excellent doping control. Fine adjustments in the doping level can be achieved by adjusting the H2 flow rate and by varying the temperature of the SiC14/AsC13 doping solution. The epitaxial layers doped using this technique have excellent room-temperature and liquid-nitrogen mobilities for electron concentrations between 1×1016 and 8×1018 cm−3. This doping method is particularly useful for the growth as GaAs epitaxial layers for field effect transistor devices.
ECG Biomarkers for Simultaneous Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cheyne-Stokes Breathing (2007)

Use of extended electrocardiography (ECG) for detection of sleep disordered breathing SDB when obstructive sleep apneas and Cheyne-Stokes breathing are simultaneously present is explored. A multi-tier algorithm is designed that uses quantitative changes in the morphology of the QRS complex of Lead 1 and V4 due of SDB events and combines those changes with variations in heart rate to detect each type of SDB. For this purpose, ECG signals are divided into 15 minute epochs. These epochs are then subjected to baseline wander removal and R peak detection. An envelope of R peaks is computed to derive R Wave Attenuation (RWA). Concurrently, the heart rate variability (HRV) is also computed. Various biomarkers derived from these trends are combined to develop an algorithm to classify Normal, OSA and CSR epochs. One hundred and five (105) data clips from 15 subjects were used to test the proposed algorithm. It produced detection rates of 93.75%, 100% and 83.3% for Normal, OSA and CSR epochs respectively in case of training set (66 clips). Detection rates of 75%, 85.71% and 70.5% for Normal, OSA and CSR epochs respectively were obtained in case of test set (39 clips).
Formation of Polymeric Toroidal-Spiral Particles (2011)

Compared to spherical matrices, particles with well-defined internal structure provide large surface to volume ratio and predictable release kinetics for the encapsulated payloads. We describe self-assembly of polymeric particles, whereby competitive kinetics of viscous sedimentation, diffusion, and cross-linking yield a controllable toroidal-spiral (T-S) structure. Precursor polymeric droplets are splashed through the surface of a less dense, miscible solution, after which viscous forces entrain the surrounding bulk solution into the sedimenting polymer drop to form T-S channels. The intricate structure forms because low interfacial tension between the two miscible solutions is dominated by viscous forces. The biocompatible polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA), is used to demonstrate the solidification of the T-S shapes at various configurational stages by UV-triggered cross-linking. The dimensions of the channels are controlled by Weber number during impact on the surface, and Reynolds number and viscosity ratio during subsequent sedimentation. We anticipate applications of the T-S particle in drug delivery, wherein diffusion through these T-S channels and the polymer matrix would offer parallel release pathways for molecules of different sizes. Polyphosphate, as a model macromolecule, is entrained in T-S particles during their formation. The in vitro release kinetics of polyphosphate from the T-S particles with various channel length and width is reported. In addition, self-assembly of T-S particles occurs in a single step under benign conditions for delicate macromolecules, and appears conducive to scaleup.
Mixed-Gas Sorption Joule-Thomson Refrigerator (1991)

Proposed mixed-gas sorption Joule-Thomson refrigerator provides cooling down to temperature of 70 K. Includes only one stage and no mechanical compressor. Simpler, operates without vibrating, and consumes less power in producing same amount of cooling. Same sorption principle of operation applicable in compressor that chemisorbs oxygen or hydrogen from mixture with helium, neon, and/or other nonreactive gases.
Bromine-Catalyzed Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> and Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates under Continuous Flow Conditions (2013)

A continuous method for the formation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide (CO2) is described. The catalysts used are inexpensive and effective in converting the reagents to the products in a residence time (t(R)) of 30 min. The cyclic carbonate products are obtained in good to excellent yield (51-92%). On the basis of a series of kinetics experiments, we propose a reaction mechanism involving epoxide activation by electrophilic bromine and CO2 activation by an amide.
Synthesis and some pharmacological properties of new V1/V2 antagonists of arginine-vasopressin with structural changes at their N-terminals. (1992)

In an effort to develop more effective and selective V2-antagonists of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) we designed and synthesized four new analogs of this hormone. The peptides were designed in order to explore how the combination of modification of thioacids occupying position 1 and substitutions of positions 2 and 4 by D-Phe and Ile respectively, will influence their antagonistic properties. Three of the reported analogs are moderately potent V1/V2 antagonists.
Relationships and unification of binary images data-hiding methods (2005)

There are several approaches proposed for embedding watermark data into binary images. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between these embedding schemes, in particular, the pixel-pattern method and key-weight method. We argue that a pixel-pattern method can be linked to key-weight method by selecting a set of (key, weight) matrices. A unification framework is given to show the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.
Capillarity-assisted fabrication of nanostructures using a less permeable mold for nanotribological applications (2006)

A simple kinetic model is presented to describe the capillary rise of a thin polymer film into a less permeable polyurethane acrylate mold. In this model, capillarity is explained by the competition between capillary and hydrodynamic forces in the course of pattern formation. For a less permeable mold, it was found that the capillary rise increases linearly with time. In addition, the contribution of viscosity and film thickness disappears such that the kinetics is solely governed by the permeation kinetics and capillary force. The present model would be useful to describe the evolution of molded nanostructures when a less permeable mold material other than polydimethylsiloxane is used for the patterning. Moreover, nanostructures with different tip shapes (rounded or dimpled) were observed depending on the fabrication temperature. The structures were tested for potential nanotribological applications such as reduction in adhesive and friction forces.
Efficacy of Heat Disinfection With the Aksys Personal Hemodialysis System (1997)

The first objective of this study was to validate the use of water at 85°C ± 5°C to achieve high-level disinfection of a clean-in-place extracorporeal dialysis circuit. The second objective was to demonstrate that applying this hot water method to the entire fluid pathways of a newly designed dialysis instrument, including an integral reverse-osmosis membrane, routinely allowed the production of back-filtered dialysate meeting the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) standard for the water for injection (WFI). In a first study, six dialyzers were inoculated with P. aeruginosa, incubated, and subjected to 75°C water for 30 minutes. No organisms could be recovered from the experimental dialyzers nor from three negative controls, but they were recovered from three positive controls. In a second study, the carbon tanks in the water inlet line and the dialysate tank were both inoculated with massive amounts of dialysis water-adapted Gram-negative organisms, followed by seven dialysis treatments using bovine blood, where the fifth and sixth procedures were separated by 2 idle days and the sixth and seventh procedures were separated by 3 idle days. In addition, the bovine blood used in each treatment was highly contaminated. In every case, the back-filtered dialysate met the WFI standard. From the above results we conclude that a hot water disinfection process is efficacious in reducing even grossly exaggerated contamination in the Aksys personal hemodialysis system to the point where it can produce water and dialysate that greatly exceed the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standards and priming and rinse-back solution (back-filtered dialysate) that meets the USP standard for WFI.