gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New transmissive star couplers for full duplex channels (1986)

The letter describes a new type of optical transmissive star coupler which allows full duplex operation to be achieved with half the transmission channels of conventional transmissive star networks.
Rejection of Bluetooth interference in 802.11 WLANs (2003)

We investigate the use of complex coefficient adaptive filters for interference suppression in the direct sequence spread spectrum IEEE 802.11b system. Extensive simulations are carried out to optimize the parameters of a recursive least-squares lattice filter, which mitigates the effect of a hopping narrowband interferer such as Bluetooth. The BER curves, as well as the probability of packet loss, are presented. Moreover, the limitations of the adaptive filter approach, in the suppression of multiple jammers, is determined. It is shown that with a low order filter, the hopping jammer can be successfully suppressed.
Individuación e información parte-todo: representación para el procesamiento computacional del lenguaje (2000)

Se analiza la codificacion linguistica de la informacion parte todo, desde los puntos de vista lexico (relaciones meronimicas) y sintagmatico (estructuras partitivas). se propone un tratamiento unificado de ambos aspectos, orientado a la codificacion de la informacion en formalismos de procesamiento computacional del lenguaje, con especial atencion a los problemas de composicion semantica de los grupos partitivos. El marco teorico general es la semantica conceptual de Jacrendoff y la gramatica cognitiva. La formalizacion se realiza en el marco de la teoria del lexicon generativo, de Postejovsky. Y la propuesta de implementacion en el formalismo LKB-LRL; de Copestake, basado en estructuras de rasgos.
Regions on adenylyl cyclase that are necessary for inhibition of activity by βγ and G <sub>iα</sub> subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins (1999)

The two large cytoplasmic domains (C1 and C2) of adenylyl cyclases (AC), when expressed separately and mixed together, reconstitute enzyme activity that can be regulated by various modulators. Therefore, we have used the C1 or its C1a subdomain and C2 regions from type I AC (ACI) and type V AC (ACV) to identify the region on ACI that interacts with beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. In addition, we also used a chimeric C1 domain (VC1aIC1b) in which the C1a region was derived from ACV and the C1b region was from ACI. By mixing the C1 or C1a or VC1aIC1b domains with C2 regions of ACI or ACV, we have shown that the C1a region (amino acids 236-471) of ACI is sufficient to observe beta gamma-mediated inhibition of enzyme activity, which is stimulated by either constitutively active G(salpha) (G(salpha)*) or Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM). Although the C1b region and C2 domain of ACI were by themselves not sufficient for inhibition of activity by beta gamma subunits, the presence of both of these regions formed another beta gamma interaction site that was sufficient to observe G(salpha)*- or Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated activity. Inhibition of AC activity attributable to interaction of beta gamma subunits at either of the two sites was blocked by a peptide (QEHA) that has previously been shown to inhibit the effects of beta gamma on various effectors. Moreover, the C1 region of ACI was sufficient to observe G(ialpha1)-elicited inhibition of Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated activity. Although the C1a region of ACV was sufficient for inhibition of activity by G(ialpha1), the presence of C1b region from either ACI or ACV increased sensitivity to inhibition by the inhibitory G protein. Thus, the inhibitory influences of G(ialpha1) are mediated on the C1 regions of both ACI and ACV. The effects of beta gamma on ACI can be mediated by interactions with the C1a region and a beta gamma interacting site formed by the C1b and C2 domains of this enzyme.
DBSCAN++: Towards fast and scalable density clustering (2018)

DBSCAN is a classical density-based clustering procedure with tremendous practical relevance. However, DBSCAN implicitly needs to compute the empirical density for each sample point, leading to a quadratic worst-case time complexity, which is too slow on large datasets. We propose DBSCAN++, a simple modification of DBSCAN which only requires computing the densities for a chosen subset of points. We show empirically that, compared to traditional DBSCAN, DBSCAN++ can provide not only competitive performance but also added robustness in the bandwidth hyperparameter while taking a fraction of the runtime. We also present statistical consistency guarantees showing the trade-off between computational cost and estimation rates. Surprisingly, up to a certain point, we can enjoy the same estimation rates while lowering computational cost, showing that DBSCAN++ is a sub-quadratic algorithm that attains minimax optimal rates for level-set estimation, a quality that may be of independent interest.
Inspection point placement and path planning algorithms for automatic CMM inspection (2000)

This paper discusses development of automatic inspection point placement and path planning methods, for use in the integration of computer-aided design with coordinate measuring machine (CMM) inspection. The proposed system demonstrates that optimal collision-free inspection paths can be efficiently generated for geometrically complex parts consisting of multiple intersecting features. This is achieved by using iterative subdivision of surfaces for point placement coupled with, efficient 3D collision avoidance and path planning. This planning module is an integral part of an overall inspection planner to fully automate rapid and reliable inspection using computer-controlled CMMs. The paper discusses the structures and algorithms used, and presents experimental results.
Clinical Rejection Is Distinguished from Subclinical Rejection by Increased Infiltration by a Population of Activated Macrophages (1999)

It has been reported previously that one-third of protocol renal biopsies in asymptomatic, biochemically stable renal transplant recipients in the first 6 mo show unsuspected subclinical graft rejection (both infiltrate and tubulitis) and that subclinical rejection is a risk factor for chronic renal dysfunction. This study was performed to determine whether differences in phenotype or activation status of graft-infiltrating cells underlie these different manifestations of acute rejection. Biopsies with normal histology (n = 10), subclinical rejection (n = 13), and clinical rejection (n = 9) were studied using immunohistochemistry and computerized image analysis. Subclinical and clinical rejections had similar histologic Banff scores. Univariate analysis showed a trend for a higher infiltration with CD8+ (P = 0.053) and CD68+(P = 0.06) cells in clinical rejection. Of the activation markers studied (CD25, perforin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), only allograft inflammatory factor-1+-activated macrophages were significantly (P = 0.014) increased in the infiltrate of clinical rejection biopsies. These data suggest that activated macrophages or their products are responsible for acute renal dysfunction associated with clinical rejection episodes.
Belief propagation algorithms for constraint satisfaction problems (2006)

We consider applications of belief propagation algorithms to Boolean constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), such as 3-SAT , when the instances are chosen from a natural distribution---the uniform distribution over formulas with prescribed ratio of the number of clauses to the number of variables. In particular, we show that survey propagation, which is the most effective heuristic for random 3-SAT problems with density of clauses close to the conjectured satisfiability threshold, is in fact a belief propagation algorithm. We define a parameterized distribution on partial assignments, and show that applying belief propagation to this distribution recovers a known family of algorithms ranging from survey propagation to standard belief propagation on the uniform distribution over satisfying assignments. We investigate the resulting lattice structure on partial assignments, and show how the new distributions can be viewed as a smoothed version of the uniform distribution over satisfying assignments, which is a first step towards explaining the superior performance of survey propagation over the naive application of belief propagation. Furthermore, we use this lattice structure to obtain a conditional improvement on the upper bound for the satisfiability threshold. 
The design of survey propagation is associated with the structure of the solution space of random 3-SAT problems. In order to shed light on the structure of this space for the case of general Boolean CSPs we study it in Schaefer's framework. Schaefer's dichotomy theorem splits Boolean CSPs into polynomial time solvable and NP-complete problems. We show that with respect to some structural properties such as the diameter of the solutions space and the hardness of deciding its connectivity, there are two kinds of Boolean CSPs, but the boundary of the new dichotomy differs significantly from Schaefer's. 
Finally, we present an application of a method developed in this thesis to the source-coding problem. We use the dual of good low-density parity check codes. For the compression step we define an appropriate distribution on partial assignments and apply belief propagation to it, using the same technique that was developed to derive survey propagation as a belief propagation algorithm. We give experimental evidence that this method yields performance very close to the rate distortion limit.
Loss of RPGR glutamylation underlies the pathogenic mechanism of retinal dystrophy caused by <i>TTLL5</i> mutations (2016)

Mutations in the X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene are a major cause of retinitis pigmentosa, a blinding retinal disease resulting from photoreceptor degeneration. A photoreceptor specific ORF15 variant of RPGR (RPGR(ORF15)), carrying multiple Glu-Gly tandem repeats and a C-terminal basic domain of unknown function, localizes to the connecting cilium where it is thought to regulate cargo trafficking. Here we show that tubulin tyrosine ligase like-5 (TTLL5) glutamylates RPGR(ORF15) in its Glu-Gly-rich repetitive region containing motifs homologous to the α-tubulin C-terminal tail. The RPGR(ORF15) C-terminal basic domain binds to the noncatalytic cofactor interaction domain unique to TTLL5 among TTLL family glutamylases and targets TTLL5 to glutamylate RPGR. Only TTLL5 and not other TTLL family glutamylases interacts with RPGR(ORF15) when expressed transiently in cells. Consistent with this, a Ttll5 mutant mouse displays a complete loss of RPGR glutamylation without marked changes in tubulin glutamylation levels. The Ttll5 mutant mouse develops slow photoreceptor degeneration with early mislocalization of cone opsins, features resembling those of Rpgr-null mice. Moreover TTLL5 disease mutants that cause human retinal dystrophy show impaired glutamylation of RPGR(ORF15) Thus, RPGR(ORF15) is a novel glutamylation substrate, and this posttranslational modification is critical for its function in photoreceptors. Our study uncovers the pathogenic mechanism whereby absence of RPGR(ORF15) glutamylation leads to retinal pathology in patients with TTLL5 gene mutations and connects these two genes into a common disease pathway.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance with a Conditional Pacemaker at Three Tesla Field Strength (2018)

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 3-tesla (3T) has inherent technical challenges that are increasingly being overcome. Recently, some pacemakers and leads have been approved for 3T conditional use. The purpose of this report is to review B1+RMS, a new, more accurate parameter used to define energy deposition during magnetic resonance imaging, as well as to present the imaging protocol and procedure utilized to rule out causes of heart block in a patient with a pacemaker in-situ. This case demonstrates that high quality, diagnostic images can be obtained at 3T with conditional pacemakers in situ.
Measurement of the point spread function in the ocean (1990)

A new instrument to measure the point spread function (PSF) in the ocean is described. This instrument uses a CCD solid state camera to measure the angular radiance field due to a pulsed Lambertian source. In this way the PSF can be measured easily at sea, when precise alignments over ranges >10 m cannot be maintained. With the large dynamic range of the camera system, the PSF can be measured over short ranges (10 m), and the variation of the PSF with depth, or range, can be investigated.
Europium‐doped barium halide X‐ray scintillators (2007)

Abstract Single crystals of europium‐doped barium chloride, bromide, and iodide were investigated under x‐ray and γ‐ray excitation. The Eu 2+ ‐related x‐ray excited luminescence is at 402, 404, and 425 nm for the chloride, bromide, and iodide, respectively. BaCl 2 :Eu 2+ has the most promising scintillation properties of the systems investigated. The light yield is about 20,000 ± 2,000 photons per MeV of absorbed γ‐ray energy, the energy resolution for the 662 keV photopeak is 9% ± 1%, and the scintillation decay time is (390 ± 40) ns. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enantioselective synthesis of all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers in acyclic systems (2011)

Most of the methods for the creation of all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers in acyclic systems were developed in the last decade showing the contemporary interest of this field of research. Initial strategies, where chiral entities were linked to carbon skeleton, to enantioselective catalysis and finally to strategies where several carbon-carbon bonds were created in a single-pot operation, reflect the constant strive and creativity in the design and execution of synthetic sequences. This feature article summarizes these sequences and is divided into sections on substitution and additions reactions, alkylation, aldol, Mannich and rearrangements reactions. It is safe to predict that this field of chemistry will continue to grow exponentially in the coming decades and the ready availability of a wide range of these chiral entities will provide an excellent opportunity to further enrich mainstream synthetic methodologies.
Biodegradation of azo and heterocyclic dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1990)

Biodegradation of Orange II, Tropaeolin O, Congo Red, and Azure B in cultures of the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was demonstrated by decolarization of the culture medium, the extent of which was determined by monitoring the decrease in absorbance at or near the wavelength maximum for each dye. Metabolite formation was also monitored. Decolorization of these dyes was most extensive in ligninolytic cultures, but substantial decolorization also occurred in nonligninolytic cultures. Incubation with crude lignin peroxidase resulted in decolorization of Azure B, Orange II, and Tropaeolin O but not Congo Red, indicating that lignin peroxidase is not required in the initial step of Congo Red degradation.
Continuous catalytic upgrading of ethanol to n-butanol and >C<sub>4</sub> products over Cu/CeO<sub>2</sub> catalysts in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Direct production of BuOH from EtOH is compared over four Cu catalysts, supported on different solid acids. The activity of these catalysts to perform the Guerbet reaction was assessed using a continuous flow reactor and the effect of using scCO<sub>2</sub> was also monitored. Cu on high surface area CeO<sub>2</sub> showed the best activity for BuOH formation, with yields above 30%.
Adenosine, the heart, and coronary circulation. (1991)

Adenosine is known to regulate myocardial and coronary circulatory functions. Adenosine not only dilates coronary vessels, but attenuates beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated increases in myocardial contractility and depresses both sinoatrial and atrioventricular node activities. The effects of adenosine are mediated by two distinct receptors (i.e., A1 and A2 receptors). A1 adenosine receptors, located in atrial and ventricular myocardium and sinoatrial/atrioventricular nodes, are responsible for inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. A2 adenosine receptors, located in coronary endothelial and smooth muscle cells, are responsible for stimulation of this enzyme activity. During increased myocardial oxygen demand due to rapid pacing and exercise, although both coronary blood flow and adenosine concentrations in the myocardium and coronary efflux increased, there is no clear consensus explaining its cause and effect relation at present. However, ischemia/reperfusion-induced coronary hyperemia is believed to be mostly attributed to released adenosine, and it has been proven that adenosine attenuates the severity of ischemia due to its coronary vasodilatory action. The beneficial effects of adenosine during ischemia/reperfusion processes do not seem simple. This is because myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury is caused by 1) activated leukocytes and platelets, 2) ATP depletion and calcium overload of myocardium, and 3) catecholamine release from the presynaptic nerves as well as 4) the impaired coronary circulation. Intriguingly adenosine attenuates all of these deleterious actions and thereby attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury. Indeed, adenosine attenuates the severity of contractile dysfunction (myocardial stunning) and limits the infarct size. Thus, administration of adenosine or potentiators of adenosine production in the ischemic myocardium may be beneficial for the attenuation of ischemic and reperfusion injuries, although further clinical investigations are necessary.
Human and animal spongiform encephalopathies are the result of chronic autoimmune attack in the CNS: a novel medical theory supported by overwhelming experimental evidence. (2005)

Spongiform encephalopathies, also called "prion diseases", are fatal degenerative diseases of the central nervous system which can occur in animals (such as the "mad cow disease" in cattle) and also in humans. This paper presents a novel medical theory concerning the pathogenic mechanisms for various human and animal spongiform encephalopathies. It is hypothesized that various forms of prion diseases are essentially autoimmune diseases, resulting from chronic autoimmune attack of the central nervous system. A key step in the pathogenic process leading towards the development of spongiform encephalopathies involves the production of specific autoimmune antibodies against the disease-causing prion protein (PrPsc) and possibly other immunogenic macromolecules present in the brain. As precisely explained in this paper, the autoimmune antibodies produced against PrPsc are responsible for the conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) to PrPsc, for the accumulation of PrPsc in the brain and other peripheral tissues, and also for the initiation of an antibody-mediated chronic autoimmune attack of the central nervous system neurons, which would contribute to the development of characteristic pathological changes and clinical symptoms associated with spongiform encephalopathies. The validity and correctness of the proposed theory is supported by an overwhelming body of experimental observations that are scattered in the biomedical literature. In addition, the theory also offers practical new strategies for early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various human and animal prion diseases.
Multi-antenna systems for wireless capsule endoscopy (2016)

With the advent of new medical diagnostic techniques, the wireless capsule endoscopy has been emerged as more convenient than traditional endoscopy for the digestive tract monitoring. The typical use of wireless capsule endoscopy is to diagnose intricate areas of the small intestine. However, the current wireless capsule endoscopy systems suffer from low data rate which cannot meet the requirement for transmitting high resolution images. The poor quality of received images can bring ambiguities during the diagnosis. In this master thesis, the MIMO antennas employing polarization diversity is proposed for a wireless capsule endoscopy system at 433 MHz ISM band. The polarization diversity between in-body capsule and on-body receiver is considered to be main responsible for increasing the data rate. Two conformal dual polarized loop antennas are designed for the in-body capsule transmitter, while two planar dual polarized printed monopole antennas are designed for the on-body receiver. The on-body receiving antennas are designed using the flat and flexible substrates to study their impacts on the size, bandwidth and efficiency. The simulated refection coefficients of proposed in-body MIMO antennas are less than -10 dB over the required bandwidth (400-500 MHz). The mutual coupling between them is found to be less than -20 dB over a wide range of frequencies. The on-body MIMO antennas are measured on the liquid phantom to validate the simulated results. The simulated and measured results showed good agreement of matching in terms of reflection coefficients and mutual coupling. Moreover, the size of on-body antennas found to be compact by using the high permittivity substrate. The on-body MIMO antennas are also measured on the human body. It is observed that the lossy properties of skin significantly reduce the mutual coupling between the MIMO antennas.
Wafer-Level Artificial Photosynthesis for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction into CH<sub>4</sub> and CO Using GaN Nanowires (2015)

We report on the first demonstration of high-conversion-rate photochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) on gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire arrays into methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). It was observed that the reduction of CO2 to CO dominates on as-grown GaN nanowires under ultraviolet light irradiation. However, the production of CH4 is significantly increased by using the Rh/Cr2O3 core/shell cocatalyst, with an average rate of ∼3.5 μmol gcat–1 h–1 in 24 h. In this process, the rate of CO2 to CO conversion is suppressed by nearly an order of magnitude. The rate of photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 can be further enhanced and can reach ∼14.8 μmol gcat–1 h–1 by promoting Pt nanoparticles on the lateral m-plane surfaces of GaN nanowires, which is nearly an order of magnitude higher than that measured on as-grown GaN nanowire arrays. This work establishes the potential use of metal-nitride nanowire arrays as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the direct photoreduction of CO2 into chemical fuels. It also reveals the potential of engineered core/shell cocatalysts in improving the selectivity toward more valuable fuels.