gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombosomes Show Dose-Dependent Increase in Thrombus Formation in a Model of Deep Arterial Injury (2011)

Abstract Abstract 2319 Introduction Thrombosomes are novel lyophilized human platelet derivatives that retain a number of key platelet structural and functional properties. Building on preliminary in vitro studies, we here sought to investigate whether Thrombosomes, suspended in platelet free plasma (PFP), would enhance and be incorporated in thrombus generated under flow conditions within a validated and well-characterised model of deep arterial injury. Methods PFP was obtained by centrifuging citrated whole blood from six healthy non-smoking volunteers and filtering with a 0.22μm filter. Thrombosomes were suspended in 60 mL of PFP to generate final concentrations of 20 and 200 × 106Thrombosomes /mL. Immediately prior to use, 1.2 mL of 1M CaCl2 was added to permit fibrin generation. Thrombus formation was assessed using the Badimon Chamber at low (212 s−1) and high (1690 s−1) shear rates with porcine aortic tunica media as the thrombogenic substrate. Total thrombus area and platelet-rich area were measured histomorphometrically using conventional and immunohistochemical staining respectively. Fluorescent labeled Thrombosomes were added to the extracorporeal circuit in the Badimon chamber to study the ex vivo thrombus generation in the whole blood. Electron microscopy of Thrombosomes and platelets was undertaken. Results Thrombosomes contributed towards thrombus formation in whole human blood as evidenced by incorporation of fluorescent-labeled Thrombosomes into the thrombus. Immunohistochemical staining of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor confirmed incorporation of Thrombosomes into the thrombus. In the high shear chamber, mean thrombus area increased in a dose-dependent manner following the addition of Thrombosomes (704 μm2 [95% CI, 224 – 1184 μm2], 1511 μm2 [95% CI, 687 – 2336 μm2] and 2378 μm2 [95% CI, 1567 – 3189 μm2] for PFP and Thrombosomes at concentrations of 20 and 200 × 106/mL respectively [P= 0.003]). In the low shear chamber, total thrombus area for the PFP was 4962 μm2 (95% CI, 2489 – 7434 μm2). The addition of Thrombosomes at concentrations of 20 and 200 × 106/mL led to a numerical increase in mean thrombus area to 6170 μm2 (95% CI, 3944 – 8397 μm2) and 7504 μm2 (95% CI, 3864 – 11144 μm2) respectively, although this was not statistically significant (P= 0.2969). Conclusions Thrombosomes suspended in PFP and exposed to injured arterial tissue under physiologically relevant flow conditions are incorporated into thrombus and enhance thrombus formation in a dose dependent manner. These findings act as impetus to undertake clinical studies of this rehydrated, lyophilized infusible hemostatic platelet product. Disclosures: Fitzpatrick: Cellphire Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Feuerstein:Cellphire: Consultancy. Newby:Cellphire: Research Funding.
Hypoxic Depolarization of Cerebellar Granule Neurons by Specific Inhibition of TASK-1 (2002)

Our data provide compelling evidence that hypoxia depolarizes central neurons by specific inhibition of TASK-1. Since this hypoxic depolarization may be an early, contributory factor in the response of central neurons to hypoxic/ischemic episodes, TASK-1 may provide a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of stroke.
Stress- and annealing-dependent magnetic properties of amorphous wires (1990)

The stress-dependent AC magnetisation, remanence and susceptibility of three as-quenched and annealed amorphous wires have been studied. Instead of any minor loop at low field, high-magnetostrictive wires show a large Barkhausen jump when the applied field exceeds a critical value. The dependence of this critical value on stress has also been studied. The results have been interpreted by taking into account the unique distribution of internal stresses which produces two distinct radial and axial anisotropy regions in high-magnetostrictive wires. These two distinct regions are absent in low-magnetostrictive wires and hence their behaviour is similar to that of amorphous ribbons.
A Rotman lens fed ridge-element multibeam array demonstrator (2004)

For most shipborne and airborne communication, radar or EW applications, there are limited space and locations to deploy the various antenna systems optimally. Shared-aperture, multi-function systems have been proposed to reduce the number of apertures required. A broadband and wide scan antenna with multibeam performance would satisfy the requirements of such a system. A 1D multibeam antenna array demonstrator has been built around a ridge antenna element and a Rotman lens. The system has an octave bandwidth and scans /spl plusmn/51/spl deg/ in the azimuth plane. With supporting structures included, the array weighs 17 kg. It is a dual polarized array; the horizontally polarized elements are not used for the present series of tests and are terminated in 50 /spl Omega/ loads. There are 8 vertically polarized (VP) elements in total in each column, but the top and bottom elements of each column are parasitic elements. The 6 innermost VP elements in each column are combined to give a fixed beam in the elevation plane. There are a total of 32 columns but the two outermost columns at each end of the array are parasitic. The centre 28 columns are connected to the Rotman Lens via semi-rigid phased matched cables. The planar lens has 28 array ports and 18 beam ports. The beams can point in the fixed direction and 18 other directions. They remain invariant with frequency since the lens provides true time delay beam steering.
Analytical design method for a modified Schwarzschild optics (2006)

An innovative solution for the Schwarzschild optic, based on a modification of the position of the object, is proposed. This solution allows one to reach a larger numerical aperture and hence a better resolution compared with the standard configuration of the Schwarzschild optics. Furthermore, we propose an analytical solution that allows the optical system to be designed without the need of any ray-tracing software.
G-quadruplexes and their regulatory roles in biology (2015)

'If G-quadruplexes form so readily in vitro, Nature will have found a way of using them in vivo' (Statement by Aaron Klug over 30 years ago).During the last decade, four-stranded helical structures called G-quadruplex (or G4) have emerged from being a structural curiosity observed in vitro, to being recognized as a possible nucleic acid based mechanism for regulating multiple biological processes in vivo. The sequencing of many genomes has revealed that they are rich in sequence motifs that have the potential to form G-quadruplexes and that their location is non-random, correlating with functionally important genomic regions. In this short review, we summarize recent evidence for the in vivo presence and function of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes in various cellular pathways including DNA replication, gene expression and telomere maintenance. We also highlight remaining open questions that will have to be addressed in the future.
Some security alternatives for encrypting information on storage devices (2006)

Almost every few weeks there is some breaking news about some organization that has lost information via the physical loss of an unencrypted storage device. This paper reviews some alternatives for encrypting information on storage devices and how those alternatives might be used. The open source TrueCrypt system is covered is some detail. Some suggestions for information security policy guidelines are provided. From personal data to enterprise data, information security is becoming increasingly important.
Design, Synthesis, and Photochemical Validation of Peptide Linchpins Containing the <i>S,S</i>-Tetrazine Phototrigger (2012)

The design, solid-phase synthesis, and photochemical validation of diverse peptide linchpins, containing the S,S-tetrazine phototrigger, have been achieved. Steady state irradiation or femtosecond laser pulses confirm their rapid photofragmentation. Attachment of peptides to the C- and N-termini will provide access to diverse constrained peptide constructs that hold the promise of providing information about early peptide/protein conformational dynamics upon photochemical release.
Efficient hierarchical segmentation based on PSNR for low bit rate coding (2002)

This paper presents a hierarchical morphological segmentation algorithm based on PSNR for each region. The algorithm follows a top-down procedure. It first takes into account the global information and produces a coarse segmentation, that is, with a small number of regions. Then, each region has different quality in coarse segmented image. Thus, the region with low quality is selected by PSNR and improved by introducing regions corresponding to more local information. It is able to improve the subjective quality of the image while maintaining the bit rates and control the bit rates for certain applications such as mobile audiovisual communications and videotelephone through PSTN, of which the available transmission bandwidth is very limited.
Design, control, and energetics of an electrically actuated legged robot (1997)

To study the design, control and energetics of autonomous dynamically stable legged machines we have built a planar one-legged robot, the ARL Monopod. Its top running speed of 4.3 km/h (1.2 m/s) makes it the fastest electrically actuated legged robot to date. We adapted Raibert's control laws for the low power electric actuation necessary for autonomous locomotion and performed a detailed energetic analysis of our experiments. A comparison shows that the ARL Monopod with its 125 W average power consumption is more energy efficient than previously built robots.
Characterization of Rhodopsin P23H-Induced Retinal Degeneration in a<i>Xenopus laevis</i>Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa (2006)

These results support a role for rhoP23H misfolding and inner segment accumulation in rod death, possibly by ER overload or other cellular stress pathways rather than by altered rhodopsin signal transduction or aggresome formation.
Phosphorus Uptake by Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus (1985)

The objective of our study was to show that pure cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus could be Induced to accumulate large amounts of phosphorus (P), when P-starved cultures were enriched with phosphorus either in suspended growth or immobilized cell reactors. Suspended growth cultures of K. pneumoniae were more efficient than those of A. calcoaceticus, with specific uptake rates of 14.1 - 17.1 mg P1−1 hr−1 per O.D. unit, and 5.4 - 10.0 mg P1−1 hr −1 per O.D. unit, respectively. The absolute rate of P accumulation of 24.6 mg P1−1 hr−1 measured for a K. pneumoniae culture was among the highest ever reported in the literature. In an immobilized cell system, which facilitates the separation of the cells (for recycling) from the liquid phase, K. pneumoniae cells entrapped in agar gel beads, remained viable and showed rates of P uptake of 6.1 and 7.9 mg P1−1 hr−1. K. pneumoniae cultures also showed a high capacity for removing dissolved phosphate from municipal wastewater, with greater than 95% P removal in two hours. These studies suggest the important role such high-phosphate accumulating bacteria may play in wastewater treatment systems designed for enhanced biological phosphorus removal.
A Bacterial Transgene for Catalase Protects Translation of D1 Protein during Exposure of Salt-Stressed Tobacco Leaves to Strong Light (2007)

During photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) in cyanobacteria, salt stress inhibits the repair of photodamaged PSII and, in particular, the synthesis of the D1 protein (D1). We investigated the effects of salt stress on the repair of PSII and the synthesis of D1 in wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum 'Xanthi') and in transformed plants that harbored the katE gene for catalase from Escherichia coli. Salt stress due to NaCl enhanced the photoinhibition of PSII in leaf discs from both wild-type and katE-transformed plants, but the effect of salt stress was less significant in the transformed plants than in wild-type plants. In the presence of lincomycin, which inhibits protein synthesis in chloroplasts, the activity of PSII decreased rapidly and at similar rates in both types of leaf disc during photoinhibition, and the observation suggests that repair of PSII was protected by the transgene-coded enzyme. Incorporation of [(35)S]methionine into D1 during photoinhibition was inhibited by salt stress, and the transformation mitigated this inhibitory effect. Northern blotting revealed that the level of psbA transcripts was not significantly affected by salt stress or by the transformation. Our results suggest that salt stress enhanced photoinhibition by inhibiting repair of PSII and that the katE transgene increased the resistance of the chloroplast's translational machinery to salt stress by scavenging hydrogen peroxide.
Down-regulation of vinculin upon MK886-induced apoptosis in LN18 glioblastoma cells. (2007)

Glioblastomas are a type of malignant brain tumor and are among the most difficult cancers to treat. One strategy to treat aggressive cancers is the use of drugs that target multiple signaling pathways. MK886 is a drug known to inhibit both 5- lipoxygenase-activating-protein (FLAP) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha). The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability of MK886 to induce apoptotic cell death in LN18 glioblastoma cells and to characterize the cell death mechanisms. MK886 induced massive apoptotic LN18 cell death that was manifested by the release of nucleosomes, annexinV binding to phosphatidylserine in the absence of nuclear staining, and changes in the fluorescent intensity of Mito Tracker Deep Red 633 indicating changes in mitochondrial oxidative function and mass. The alteration of the mitochondrial function implied that MK886 induced apoptosis in LN18 cells via a mitochondrial pathway. The broad caspases inhibitor ZVAD-FMK inhibited MK886-induced nucleosome release, but not annexinV binding or MK886-altered mitochondrial function. Real time RT-PCR demonstrated that LN18 cells expressed significant levels of FLAP and PPAR- alpha mRNAs. A low level of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX-5) mRNA was detected, but little, if any, arachidonate 12- lipoxygenase (ALOX-12) mRNA was present. In addition, MK886-induced apoptosis in LN18 cells was accompanied by a decrease in the protein and mRNA levels of vinculin, but not other focal adhesion proteins. In summary, the data presented here indicate that disruption of the actin-vinculin-cell-cytoskeleton matrix of the LN18 glioblastoma is a component of the MK886 induced apoptosis. In addition, MK886 treated LN18 cells could provide one model in which to investigate drugs that target lipoxygenase and PPAR-alpha pathways in the chemotherapeutic treatment of glioblastomas.
AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL FOR ASSESSMENT OF RENAL RECOVERY FROM WARM ISCHEMIA (1983)

A study was made of the acute and chronic (15 days) functional and morphologic effects on the rat kidney of warm ischemia and contralateral nephrectomy, in order to define a suitable animal model for testing renal transplant preservation techniques when warm ischemia is a contributing factor. Spontaneous recovery from 30-min warm ischemia was complete, and the model was consequently unsuitable; the high mortality from 90 min was unacceptable. Warm ischemia of 60 minutes produced severe renal tubular necrosis, an acceptable mortality, residual morphologic damage, and impairment of isolated kidney perfusion parameters at 15 days. Renal function in vivo was normal in many of these animals, despite appreciable residual morphologic changes, and it is evident that functional data alone are not sufficient for assessment of preservation regimens.
Analysis of calibration and verification indirect methods of ultrasonic flowmeters (2017)

This article describes the features of the indirect calibration of the ultrasonic liquid flowmeters. This is due to the impossibility of carrying out calibration or verification of the flowmeter on a special pouring installation system or need for high costs to perform this operation. If important nuances were not taken into account when carrying out these procedures, this could lead to a significant exceeding of a permissible error. In turn, it leads to a negative attitude of users to ultrasonic methods of flow measurement in general. Within the framework of this article, the task is to increase the degree of confidence in the calibration methods used.
Initial learning of document structure (2002)

Proposes an approach for automatically generating a decision tree which is applied as a model for the logical labeling of business letters. Instead of top-down determination of the discriminating attributes, the system inspects a finite set of document instances that are presented to a learner in a bottom-up position. The learner itself figures out local similarities, rates them with respect to the overall structure, and determines the best structural match of two instances (neighborhood). The entire decision tree is grown step by step deducing subtrees by forming generalizations from a neighborhood. Consequently, heuristics are learned for structurally discriminating documents during subsequent classification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Steroid-converting enzymes in human adipose tissues and fat deposition with a focus on AKR1C enzymes. (2021)

Adipocytes express various enzymes, such as aldo-keto reductases (AKR1C), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD), aromatase, 5α-reductases, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSDs involved in steroid hormone metabolism in adipose tissues. Increased activity of AKR1C enzymes and their expression in mature adipocytes might indicate the association of these enzymes with subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition. The inactivation of androgens by AKR1C enzymes increases adipogenesis and fat mass, particularly subcutaneous fat. AKR1C also causes reduction of estrone, a weak estrogen, to produce 17β-estradiol, a potent estrogen and, in addition, it plays a role in progesterone metabolism. Functional impairments of adipose tissue and imbalance of steroid biosynthesis could lead to metabolic disturbances. In this review, we will focus on the enzymes involved in steroid metabolism and fat tissue deposition.
Nerve growth factor and substance P are useful plasma markers of disease activity in atopic dermatitis (2002)

These data represent the first reported evidence of increased plasma levels of NGF and SP in an allergic human skin disease. They suggest that these neurogenic factors systemically modulate the allergic response in AD, probably through interactions with cells of the immune-inflammatory component. In addition, NGF and SP may be useful markers of disease activity in patients with AD.
————‐Immunological Properties of <i>Rickettsia tsutsugamushi</i> Kawasaki Strain, Isolated from a Patient in Kyushu (1986)

Nine isolates of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were obtained from patients with Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) in Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyushu. Immunological analyses of these patients' sera and the isolates were performed by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect immunoperoxidase or immunoblotting techniques. In the analysis of reactions of the patients' sera with the prototype strains Gilliam, Karp, and Kato and with the isolates, sera from two patients, including Kawasaki, showed similar profiles and cross-reaction with the two isolates recovered from the corresponding patients, but reacted only weakly with the prototype strains. With guinea pig polyclonal antibodies against the isolate and prototype strains, Kawasaki strain showed some degree of cross-reaction with Gilliam strain but not with either Karp or Kato strain, nor with Shimokoshi strain which is known to be different antigenically from the prototype strains. Additionally, strain-specific murine monoclonal antibodies against Gilliam, Karp, and Kato strains did not react at all with Kawasaki strain. These results suggest that the Kawasaki strain may be different antigenically from the prototype strains and Shimokoshi strain. The finding two strains of the same antigenic type (Kawasaki) among only nine isolates suggests the presence of Kawasaki-type rickettsiae in Miyazaki Prefecture. Shimokoshi strain also did not react with these strain-specific monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that strains of R. tsutsugamushi antigenically distinct from the prototype strains, such as Kawasaki and Shimokoshi strains, may easily be recognized by their nonreactivity with these monoclonal antibodies.
Influence of Surface Roughness on Tensile Strength of Reduced-Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steels Using Small Specimens (2015)

Small specimen test technology (SSTT) is a key technique in evaluating the irradiation performance of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAF/M) steels used in fusion demonstration plants. Because SSTT results are rather sensitive to surface finishing conditions (mechanical damage, roughness, and dimensional accuracy), the effect of surface finishing on tensile data was examined. Sheet tensile specimens were 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, and 0.76 mm thick gage sections (SS-J3 type) prepared from 15-mm-thick plates of RAF/M steel F82H (F82H-B07 heat). SS-J3 specimens were obtained from the plates by wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM). The surfaces of the specimens were finished using several techniques: polishing with abrasive paper, chemical polishing, and polishing with alumina suspensions. With these techniques, four types of surface-finished specimens were prepared: (1) WEDM specimens, (2) specimens finished by abrasive paper polishing, (3) specimens finished by abrasive paper polishing followed by alumina suspension polishing, and (4) specimens finished by abrasive paper polishing followed by chemical and alumina suspension polishing. Tensile tests were conducted at a nominal strain rate of 3.33 × 10−4 /s. The effects of surface finishing were not strong. Specimens finished by method 4 exhibited the highest yield stress level. Those finished by method 3 exhibited similar but slightly smaller strength values. The tensile results were fairly uniform along the thickness of the plates. The ultimate tensile strength values obtained from the specimens finished using method 3 were 645 MPa (standard deviation of 16 MPa) for the 15-mm-thick plates. The area reduction of the 15-mm-thick plates was 0.76 in natural strain.
HMM-based Offline Recognition of Handwritten Words Crossed Out with Different Kinds of Strokes (2008)

In this work, we investigate the recognition of words that have been crossed-out by the writers and are thus degraded. The degradation consists of one or more ink strokes that span the whole word length and simulate the signs that writers use to cross out the words. The simulated strokes are superimposed to the original clean word images. We considered two types of strokes: wave-trajectory strokes created with splines curves and line-trajectory strokes generated with the delta-lognormal model of rapid line movements. The experiments have been performed using a recognition system based on hidden Markov models and the results show that the performance decrease is moderate for single writer data and light strokes, but severe for multiple writer data.
Integrative proteomic analysis of the NMDA NR1 knockdown mouse model reveals effects on central and peripheral pathways associated with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (2014)

Taken together, this multi-platform profiling study has identified peripheral changes which are potentially linked to central alterations in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function associated with NMDAR-NR1 hypofunction. Therefore, the reported proteomic changes may be useful as translational biomarkers in human and rodent model drug discovery efforts.