gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Independent Component Analysis for Simultaneous Active Noise Canceling and Blind Signal Separation (2003)

A new algorithm is presented to perform active noise canceling and blind signal separation simultaneously. In many real-world problems speech signal is contaminated by noises, some of which are completely unknown while the other may be estimated by microphones located near the noise sources. Electric ‘line’ signals of audio equipments may also be used to estimate the noises. The active noise canceling removes the estimated noises with reverberation, while blind signal separation extracts speech signal from unknown noisy mixtures. Both algorithms are based on independent component analysis (ICA), which assumes statistical-independence among acoustic sources. The ICA-based active noise canceling utilizes higher-order statistics, and outperforms the standard least-meansquare (LMS) algorithm with quadratic statistics in real-world applications.
Optical Processors Using Holographic Optical Elements. (1978)

This report describes an investigation of holographic optical elements for use in optical data processors. Thin, lightweight, potentially inexpensive, and allowing compact folded light paths, holographic optics offers significant advantages in applications such as optical processors for terminal guidance. Holographic lenses for a matched-filter optical processor and a Fourier spectrum processor were designed and analyzed. Holographic lenses were fabricated and assembled into optical processors; and the performance of the processors was measured and compared to the analysis. Both the analytical and the experimental results of this research suggest that holographic optics can perform well as the Fourier transforming lenses in optical processors, making them an attractive alternative to conventional optics for those optical processing applications that can benefit from the unique properties of holographic optics. A useful quality criterion that was developed for analyzing matched filter optical processors is the standard deviation phase error criterion. (Author)
Large bandwidth continuously tunable delay using silicon microring resonators (2009)

We demonstrate a distortion free tunable delays as long as 72 ps with a 10 GHz bandwidth using thermally tuned silicon microring resonators. The device is compact measuring only 30 mum wide by 250 mum long.
Highly Stretchable Interconnects for Flexible Electronics Applications (2015)

Interconnects that can deform under monotonous and/or repeated loading are increasingly important to a new class of electronic devices used for wearable applications. Such interconnects integrate different material sets such as polymers and metallic conductors and are subjected to large strain levels. A typical method to overcome the material incompatibility involves the conductor in the form of a serpentine or an out-of-the plane buckled geometry. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel combination of interconnect materials that enables significant improvement in the interconnect stretchability using Indium over the state-of-the-art without affecting the system performance. This was achieved without the necessity of the serpentine interconnects geometry that significantly improves the routing density. The manufacturing method used for this approach is also described. Finally, we discuss the cost competitiveness of the materials and the manufacturing method to assess the commercial viability of this approach. (5nm)
Generation and characterization of a high‐affinity chimaeric antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (2006)

Antibody against HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) is advocated for the passive immunotherapy in certain cases of hepatitis B infections. A recombinant monoclonal antibody against HBsAg would offer several advantages over the currently used polyclonal human hepatitis B immunoglobulin. 5S is a mouse monoclonal antibody that binds to HBsAg with very high affinity. However, this mouse antibody cannot be used for therapeutic purposes, as it may elicit antimouse immune responses. Chimaerization, by replacing mouse constant domains with human counterparts, can reduce the immunogenicity of this molecule. We have cloned the V(H) (heavy-chain variable region) and V(L) (light-chain variable region) genes of this mouse antibody, and fused them with C(H)1 (heavy-chain constant domain 1) of human IgG1 and C(L) (light-chain constant domain) of human kappa chain respectively. These chimaeric genes were cloned into a mammalian expression vector (pFab-CMV), which has a modular cassette coding for part of the hinge, C(H)2 and C(H)3 of human IgG1. The recombinant construct was transfected in CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells to generate a stable transfectoma. The resulting transfectoma was maintained in a serum-free medium and the full-length chimaeric anti-HBsAg antibody was purified from the culture supernatant. The yield of the purified chimaeric antibody was moderate ( approximately 5.5 mg/l). We further characterized the chimaeric antibody using several in vitro techniques. It was observed that the chimaeric molecule was glycosylated and expressed in the expected heterodimeric form. This chimaeric antibody has very high affinity and specificity, similar to that of the original mouse monoclonal antibody.
Enhancement of High Damping VIV Through Roughness Distribution for Energy Harnessing at 8×103 &lt; Re &lt; 1.5×105 (2008)

Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder in a steady flow is enhanced using distributed surface roughness. VIV enhancement is needed in harnessing clean and renewable energy from ocean/river currents using the VIVACE (VIV for Aquatic Clean Energy) Converter (Bernitsas et al. 2006a, 2006b; Raghavan et al. 2007). High damping is mandatory in energy harnessing and higher Reynolds numbers are required to reach the high lift TrSL3 regime. Roughness is added to the surface of the cylinder in the form of sandpaper strips to achieve three goals: (1) Trip separation in a controlled manner. (2) Fully correlate the flow regardless of the Reynolds number regime. (3) Energize the boundary layer, thus inducing higher vorticity and circulation and consequently lift. Our experiments show that it is possible to achieve all three goals and reach VIV amplitudes of 2.1 to 2.7 diameters under high damping. The range of synchronization increased dramatically but its end was not observed within the capabilities of our experimental facility.
Evaluation of FNO and F[sub 3]NO as Substitute Gases for Semiconductor CVD Chamber Cleaning (2003)

Two types of FNO compounds (FNO and were evaluated as candidates for new chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber cleaning gases. and were measured as the reference. Like as these gases have no carbon in their molecules, no perfluoro carbon (PFC) is thought to be emitted. FNO is a compound highly susceptible to hydrolysis. is expected to decompose more easily than in the atmosphere because its N-F bond has been weakened by introducing an bond into the molecule. Hence, the contribution to global warming of these compounds is expected to be small. Performance of these gases was evaluated by measuring their etch rates and their exhaust gases. The results showed that the etch rate of is virtually the same as that of whereas the etch rate of FNO is about 1/2 that of However, from the results of exhaust gas analysis, it was found that an unexpected side reaction had occurred in the chamber, and therefore, it was confirmed that it is important to take this property into account in designing applications. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Deep Network Flow for Multi-object Tracking (2017)

Data association problems are an important component of many computer vision applications, with multi-object tracking being one of the most prominent examples. A typical approach to data association involves finding a graph matching or network flow that minimizes a sum of pairwise association costs, which are often either hand-crafted or learned as linear functions of fixed features. In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to learn features for network-flow-based data association via backpropagation, by expressing the optimum of a smoothed network flow problem as a differentiable function of the pairwise association costs. We apply this approach to multi-object tracking with a network flow formulation. Our experiments demonstrate that we are able to successfully learn all cost functions for the association problem in an end-to-end fashion, which outperform hand-crafted costs in all settings. The integration and combination of various sources of inputs becomes easy and the cost functions can be learned entirely from data, alleviating tedious hand-designing of costs.
Oligonucleotide Probes Complementary to Variable Regions of Ribosomal RNA Discriminate between Mycoplasma Species (1987)

On the basis of information from computer-assisted sequence comparison of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences with sequences from various other mycoplasmal and bacterial species, we constructed M. pneumoniae-specific oligonucleotide probes complementary to variable regions in the 16S rRNA molecule. Using a DNA/RNA dot blot hybridization procedure, it was possible to detect less than 1 X 10(3) mycoplasmas. This test is a most sensitive assay for species-specific detection of bacteria. It can easily be adapted for detection and identification of other bacterial species and may have wide medical and industrial application.
Improved data acquisition efficiency for respiratory motion correction in coronary MRI (2012)

To investigate the performance of a novel algorithm for correcting respiratory-induced heart motion for wholeheart coronary MRI.
Miniature electrooptical air flow sensor (1984)

A sensor for measuring flow direction and airspeed that is suitable, because of its small size, for rapid instrumentation of research airplanes is described. A propeller driven sphere rotating at a speed proportional to airspeed presents a reflective target to an electro-optical system such that the duty cycle of the resulting electrical output is proportional to yaw angle and the frequency is proportional to airspeed.
Immunogenicity of <i>Clostridium difficult</i> DNA-based vaccine in an aging mouse model (VAC7P.959) (2014)

Abstract Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major source of morbidity and mortality, costing our healthcare system ~ $1 billion/year. Over 90% of CDI-related deaths occur in individuals &gt;85yrs. Protection against severe C. difficile-associated disease and recurrent CDI is mediated by host antibody responses against C. difficile toxins. Our goal is to determine the immunogenicity of a DNA based anti-toxin vaccine in an aging mouse model. Young (4 mo.) and old (&gt;18mo.) mice were immunized with our optimized DNA vaccine encoding toxin A and toxin B receptor-binding domain of C. difficile (A-RBD; B-RBD). Day 12 after the first immunization the younger mice had significantly higher IgG titers against A-RBD than older mice (25 ug/ul vs. 5 ug/ul anti-toxin serum IgG). However 10 days post second immunization the both groups had comparable IgG titers (~500 ug/ul IgG) against A-RBD. Anti toxin B-RBD IgG responses in older mice remained lower when compared to young following the second immunization. This suggests our DNA vaccine platform can generate an antibody response against C. difficile toxin in older mice but defects in vaccine priming may be occurring leading to lower titers. Day 14 post second immunization, mice cellular responses were analyzed. Higher frequencies of CD4+/CD44+ (activated) T cells and toxin-specific CD4+ T cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL2) and Th2 cytokines (IL4, IL10) were generated in older mice.
Radiation efficiency of electrically small microstrip antennas with width discontinuities (2005)

When patch segments of different widths are adjoined to form a microstrip antenna, the resonant frequency is significantly lower than that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna with the same overall length. It is shown, however, that the radiation efficiency is substantially reduced as the antenna becomes small at a given frequency. As the resonant frequency decreases, the radiated power is lowered at a faster rate than the conduction and dielectric losses.
Human Papilloma Virus Specific Immunogenicity and Dysfunction of CD8+ T Cells in Head and Neck Cancer (2018)

Human papillomavirus subtype 16 (HPV16) is the primary cause of an increasing number of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), providing strong rationale for T-cell immune therapies against HPV<sup>+</sup> HNSCC. Here we assess immunogenicity of HPV16-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (CTL) and characterize HPV-specific mechanisms of T-cell dysfunction. We identified 16 strong and 29 moderately immunogenic CTL-epitopes from HPV16 E2, E6, and E7 antigens restricted by 12 common HLA class I alleles. E2-specific CTL-reactivity was higher in patients with HPV<sup>+</sup> HNSCC than in healthy controls (>3-fold; <i>P</i> = 0.026). Patient-derived E2, E6, and E7 peripheral CTLs exhibited heterogeneity in dysfunctional phenotypes. Immunogenomic analyses of 119 HNSCC transcriptomes revealed high T-cell infiltration and dysfunction in HPV<sup>+</sup> HNSCC and correlation of HPV antigen expression with T-cell exhaustion gene signatures. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) was strongly expressed in HPV<sup>+</sup> HNSCC versus HPV<sup>-</sup> HNSCC (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and correlated with E7 expression (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.84; <i>P</i> = 0.033). Combination treatment with PD-1 blockade and IDO-1 inhibition overcame profound CTL-dysfunction, enhancing HPV<sup>+</sup> HNSCC sensitivity to CTL-cytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> (up to 10-fold in E7-CTLs, <i>P</i> = 0.011). Our findings implicate mechanisms of T-cell escape in HPV<sup>+</sup> HNSCC, wherein high tumoral HPV-antigen load results in high expression of immune dysfunction genes on tumor cells (e.g., IDO-1), and dysfunction of HPV-specific CTLs (e.g., E7, E2-CTLs). The HPV16 CTL-epitopes identified in this study, in combination with blockade of HPV<sup>+</sup> HNSCC-specific PD-1/IDO-1 checkpoints, may be useful for targeted immunotherapy.<b>Significance:</b> This study evaluates the HPV antigen T-cell immunogenicity role of inhibitory receptors and other exhaustion markers in the cytotoxic function of HPV antigen-specific CTLs and identifies combined inhibition of PD-1/IDO-1 as a strategy to enhance CTL targeting of HPV<sup>+</sup> HNSCC. <i>Cancer Res; 78(21); 6159-70. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Discovery of Fluconazole, a Novel Antifungal Agent (1990)

Fluconazole, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propanol, is the result of a research program aimed at the development of a broad-spectrum antifungal agent active by both the oral and the intravenous routes for the treatment of superficial and systemic infections. The program began in 1978, and azole derivatives were chosen as a starting point because they were generally well tolerated and offered the advantage of a selective mode of action--inhibition of fungal sterol C-14 demethylation. Initial investigations focused on imidazole derivatives, but attention soon switched to triazole analogues because of their reduced susceptibility to metabolic activity. Polar derivatives were emphasized in an effort to facilitate the attainment of high levels in the blood and to reduce metabolic breakdown still further. This strategy resulted in a number of novel 1,3-bis-triazole-2-arylpropan-2-ol derivatives with good activity in a range of models of fungal infection. These models included systemic fungal infections in both normal and immunosuppressed animals and superficial infections in animals with normal immune function. The 2,4-difluorophenyl analogue, fluconazole, was chosen for development on the basis of an optimal combination of antifungal efficacy, pharmacokinetic characteristics, aqueous solubility, and safety profile.
Prototype laser-activated shape memory polymer foam device for embolic treatment of aneurysms (2007)

Conventional embolization of cerebral aneurysms using detachable coils is time-consuming and often requires retreatment. These drawbacks have prompted the development of new methods of aneurysm occlusion. We present the fabrication and laser deployment of a shape memory (SMP) polymer expanding foam device. Data acquired in an in vitro basilar aneurysm model with and without flow showed successful treatment, with the flow rate affecting foam expansion and the temperature at the aneurysm wall.
Open‐Pore Two‐Dimensional MFI Zeolite Nanosheets for the Fabrication of Hydrocarbon‐Isomer‐Selective Membranes on Porous Polymer Supports (2016)

Abstract Two‐dimensional zeolite nanosheets that do not contain any organic structure‐directing agents were prepared from a multilamellar MFI (ML‐MFI) zeolite. ML‐MFI was first exfoliated by melt compounding and then detemplated by treatment with a mixture of H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O 2 (piranha solution). The obtained OSDA‐free MFI nanosheets disperse well in water and can be used for coating applications. Deposits made on porous polybenzimidazole (PBI) supports by simple filtration of these suspensions exhibit an n ‐butane/isobutane selectivity of 5.4, with an n ‐butane permeance of 3.5×10 −7 mol m −2 s −1 Pa −1 (ca. 1000 GPU).
Null space imaging: Nonlinear magnetic encoding fields designed complementary to receiver coil sensitivities for improved acceleration in parallel imaging (2011)

To increase image acquisition efficiency, we develop alternative gradient encoding strategies designed to provide spatial encoding complementary to the spatial encoding provided by the multiple receiver coil elements in parallel image acquisitions. Intuitively, complementary encoding is achieved when the magnetic field encoding gradients are designed to encode spatial information where receiver spatial encoding is ambiguous, for example, along sensitivity isocontours. Specifically, the method generates a basis set for the null space of the coil sensitivities with the singular value decomposition and calculates encoding fields from the null space vectors. A set of nonlinear gradients is used as projection imaging readout magnetic fields, replacing the conventional linear readout field and phase encoding. Multiple encoding fields are used as projections to capture the null space information, hence the term null space imaging. The method is compared to conventional Cartesian SENSitivity Encoding as evaluated by mean squared error and robustness to noise. Strategies for developments in the area of nonlinear encoding schemes are discussed. The null space imaging approach yields a parallel imaging method that provides high acceleration factors with a limited number of receiver coil array elements through increased time efficiency in spatial encoding.
Terahertz wave source via difference-frequency mixing using cross-Reststrahlen band dispersion compensation phase matching: a material study (2000)

A novel phase-matching technique for coherent THz-wave generation was proposed. This approach uses cross- Reststrahlen band dispersion compensation phase-matching in a collinear optical mixing technique using isotropic, semiconductor nonlinear crystals. The pump and signal sources are in the near-IR transmission window of the nonlinear crystal and the generated idler wave is in the far-IR transmission window, on the other side of the crystal's Reststrahlen band. The choice of the nonlinear crystal for frequency conversion from the near-IR to the far-IR is highly dependent on the optical properties of the nonlinear crystal being used as the frequency converter element. We evaluate the use of the proposed phase-matching technique with a variety of III-V and II-VI compounds taking into account their optical dispersion and their phase- matching properties. Theoretical projections of the device performance such as perfect phase-matching conditions, coherence length and wavelength tuning range for different nonlinear crystals are compared.
Modeling of polarization mode coupling involved in a capillary optical fibre sensor (2011)

Theoretical and experimental work is reported on a distributed polarimetric fibre optic sensor designed for application in capillary gas chromatography. Emphasis is on the improvement of the modeling of the polarization mode coupling mechanism so as to get not only qualitative (vapor identification), but also quantitative (vapor concentration) information from the analysis of a time-modulated signal transmitted through a polarizer at the end of a custom capillary fibre.
Fluorescent Lamp Operating Characteristics at High Frequency (1984)

(1984). Fluorescent Lamp Operating Characteristics at High Frequency. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 14, 1984 IES Annual Conference papers, pp. 211-224.
Emerging versatility of a scannerless range imager (1996)

Sandia National Laboratories is nearing the completion of the initial development of a unique type of range imaging sensor. This innovative imaging optical radar is based on an active flood-light scene illuminator and an image intensified CCD camera receiver. It is an all solid-state device (no moving parts) and offers significant size, performance, reliability, simplicity, and affordability advantages over other types of 3D sensor technologies, including: scanned laser radar, stereo vision, and structured lighting. The sensor is based on low cost, commercially available hardware, and is very well suited for affordable application to a wide variety of military and commercial uses, including: munition guidance, target recognition, robotic vision, automated inspection, driver enhanced vision, collision avoidance, site security and monitoring, terrain mapping, and facility surveying. This paper reviews the sensor technology and its development for the advanced conventional munition guidance application, and discusses a few of the many other emerging applications for this new innovative sensor technology.
Privacy-Aware Human Motion Tracking with Realtime Haptic Feedback (2015)

In this paper, we describe a system that integrates 3D motion sensors, wearable devices, and smart phones to perform privacy-aware human motion tracking with real time hap tic feedback. The system is designed to enhance safe patient handling and thus reduce the injury rates of health caregivers in nursing homes and hospitals. Due to privacy concern and governmental regulations, it is paramount that only consented caregivers are tracked. Our system satisfies this requirement by employing a registration process for consented caregivers before their activities are monitored. The registration process involves the corroboration of human motion captured in different modalities (computer-vision-based and accelerometer-based). Patient handling activities of caregivers are assessed in real time using a rule-based approach. Upon detection of unsafe activities, hap tic feedback is delivered in real time to the caregiver via the wearable device worn by the caregiver.
Carbon Flux Trapping: Highly Efficient Production of Polymer‐Grade <scp>d</scp>‐Lactic Acid with a Thermophilic <scp>d</scp>‐Lactate Dehydrogenase (2016)

High production of polymer-grade d-lactic acid is urgently required, particularly for the synthesis of polylactic acid. High-temperature fermentation has multiple advantages, such as lower equipment requirement and energy consumption, which are essential for lowering operating costs. We identified and introduced a unique d-lactate dehydrogenase into a thermotolerant butane-2,3-diol-producing strain. Carbon flux "trapping" was achieved by a "trapping point" created by combination of the introduced enzyme and the host efflux pump, which afforded irreversible transport of d-lactic acid. The overall carbon flux of the engineered strain was significantly enhanced and was redistributed predominantly to d-lactic acid. Under optimized conditions at 50 °C, d-lactic acid reached the highest titer (226.6 g L(-1) ) reported to date. This discovery allows us to extend the carbon flux trapping strategy to engineering complex metabolic networks.