gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinal illuminance from luminance: An engineering model for the display industry (1996)

Abstract— Retinal‐illuminance distributions are the inputs of vision and of vision models, yet there has not until now been a model to compute retinal‐illuminance distributions from externally measured luminance distributions. The problematic part of the luminance‐to‐illuminance transformation is that retinal illuminance is proportional to pupil diameter, and pupil diameter has not been connected analytically to the spatiotemporal distribution of light. To remedy this deficiency, the present paper outlines a pupil‐diameter model that is currently part of an image‐quality metric. The model, a generalization of the model of Trezona with dynamics adapted from Stark, allows easy computation of retinal illuminance from measured luminance distributions in space and time.
DocuGram (2016)

In this paper we describe DocuGram, a novel tool to capture and share documents originating from any application. As users scroll through pages of their document inside the native application (Word, Google Docs, web browser), the system captures and analyses in real-time the rendered video frames and reconstitutes the original document pages into an easy to view HTML-based representation. In addition to detecting and regenerating the document pages, a DocuGram also includes the interactions users had over them, e.g. mouse motions and voice comments. A DocuGram allows users to flexibly share enhanced documents across applications.
Ion beam oxidation (1981)

We describe a new technique for controlled oxide growth using a directed low-energy ion beam. The technique is evaluated by fabricating Ni-oxide-Ni and Cr-oxide-Ni tunneling junctions, using oxygen ion beams with energies ranging from 30 to 180 eV. High ion current densities are achieved at these low energies by replacing the conventional dual grid extraction system of the ion source with a single fine mesh grid. Junction resistance decreases with increasing ion energy, and oxidation time dependence shows a characteristic saturation, both consistent with a process of simultaneous oxidation and sputter etching, as in the rf oxidation process. In contrast with rf oxidized junctions, however, ion beam oxidized junctions contain less contamination by backsputtering, and the quantitative nature of ion beam techniques allows greater control over the growth process.
Ultra wideband multiple resonant transducer (2003)

Tonpilz piston transducers are generally operated in the vicinity of their fundamental resonance while operation above resonance is usually required for wider band performance. However, this wide band performance is often limited by nulls in the response due to cancellation between the modes of vibration and the inability of the drive system to perform at these null frequencies. The Multiple Resonant (MR) transducer concept avoids these problems and excites a large number of extensional resonant modes of a distributed transducer system in a way, which allows addition between these modes. Our approach uses a distributed transmission line transducer with the transduction elements specifically situated to excite both odd and even numbered modes (1, 2, 3, etc.), accomplishing in-phase addition between modes. Wide bandwidth is obtained by excitation of all the modes up to the frequency at which the active transduction element is one wavelength long. Feedback control is used to smooth the response and provide velocity control under interactive array steered conditions.
A 28GHz quadrature fractional-N synthesizer for 5G mobile communication with less than 100fs jitter in 65nm CMOS (2016)

A 26-32GHz quadrature cascaded phase locked loop (PLL) is presented. The PLL is implemented in 65nm bulk CMOS, consuming 27mW and has less than 100fsec integrated jitter with -114.4 and -112.6dBc/Hz phase noise at 1MHz offset for integer and fractional modes, respectively.
ENF analysis on recaptured audio recordings (2013)

Electric Network Frequency (ENF) based forensic analysis is a promising tool for timestamp authentication and forgery detection in such multimedia recordings as audios and videos. ENF signal is embedded in an audio recording due to electromagnetic interference from the power lines. The time of creation of a multimedia recording can be determined by comparing the ENF signal embedded in the recording with a reference ENF database collected from the power grid. In this paper, we conduct a study of the effect of recapturing of audio recordings on the ENF embedding. We demonstrate that recaptured audio recordings pick up two ENF signals: the content ENF signal which is inherited from the original audio recording; and the recapturing ENF signal which is embedded from the recapturing process. Conventional ENF signal extraction techniques on such recordings may fail when the two ENF signals are at the same nominal value. A decorrelation algorithm is proposed to extract the content ENF signal and the recapturing ENF signal. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the estimation of both the ENF signals.
Transmission-line-based multi-way lossless power combining and outphasing system (2014)

This paper presents a non-isolating multi-way outphasing and power combining system that achieves nearly resistive loading of branch amplifiers over the entire output power range through a combiner network comprising only transmission line sections. We derive a design methodology and describe an outphasing control law that selects control angles to minimize the peak susceptive loading of the branch PAs over a specified output power range. The approach is demonstrated in a 2.14-GHz, four-way outphasing amplifier system that achieves >60% drain efficiency over a 6.2-dB output power range.
Anomaly Detection Using Program Control Flow Graph Mining From Execution Logs (2016)

We focus on the problem of detecting anomalous run-time behavior of distributed applications from their execution logs. Specifically we mine templates and template sequences from logs to form a control flow graph (cfg) spanning distributed components. This cfg represents the baseline healthy system state and is used to flag deviations from the expected behavior of runtime logs. The novelty in our work stems from the new techniques employed to: (1) overcome the instrumentation requirements or application specific assumptions made in prior log mining approaches, (2) improve the accuracy of mined templates and the cfg in the presence of long parameters and high amount of interleaving respectively, and (3) improve by orders of magnitude the scalability of the cfg mining process in terms of volume of log data that can be processed per day. We evaluate our approach using (a) synthetic log traces and (b) multiple real-world log datasets collected at different layers of application stack. Results demonstrate that our template mining, cfg mining, and anomaly detection algorithms have high accuracy. The distributed implementation of our pipeline is highly scalable and has more than 500 GB/day of log data processing capability even on a 10 low-end VM based (Spark + Hadoop) cluster. We also demonstrate the efficacy of our end-to-end system using a case study with the Openstack VM provisioning system.
Enhancement to Non-Contacting Stress Measurement of Blade Vibration Frequency (2011)

A system for turbo machinery blade vibration has been developed that combines time-of-arrival sensors for blade vibration amplitude measurement and radar sensors for vibration frequency and mode identification. The enabling technology for this continuous blade monitoring system is the radar sensor, which provides a continuous time series of blade displacement over a portion of a revolution. This allows the data reduction algorithms to directly calculate the blade vibration frequency and to correctly identify the active modes of vibration. The work in this project represents a significant enhancement in the mode identification and stress calculation accuracy in non-contacting stress measurement system (NSMS) technology when compared to time-of-arrival measurements alone.
Identification of a New <i>all-trans</i>-Retinol Metabolite Produced through a New Retinol Metabolic Pathway (1998)

In vitro incubation of all-trans-retinol (atROL) with kidney homogenate from vitamin A-deficient and retinoic acid-supplemented (VAD-RAS) female rats produces a new retinol metabolite. Reverse-phase (RP) and normal-phase (NP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that this metabolite coelutes with the unknown all-trans-retinol (atROL) metabolite previously found in the day 10 conceptus and kidneys of vitamin A-deficient rats maintained on all-trans-retinoic acid (VAD-RA) and given 2 microg of [3H]atROL. Normal-phase (NP) HPLC purification of the metabolite collected from a RP HPLC column further separated the radiolabeled material into two components. The two isolated compounds have identical or very similar spectroscopic properties. Their nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and mass spectra (MS) indicated that they are isomers. Spectroscopic studies of the metabolites and their derivatives showed that they are nine-carbon fragments resulting from an oxidative cleavage of the side chain of atROL. The cleavage occurs at C-9, and the product is then oxidized to a keto group. The primary hydroxy group from atROL is preserved in the metabolite. A sulfide bridge is formed between C-11 and C-14, which interrupts the conjugation. The formation of the new metabolites, possessing a 2,5-dihydrothiophene ring, is catalyzed by an enzyme(s) located in the cytosolic fraction of kidneys. The process represents a new retinol metabolic pathway; however, its biological significance is unknown.
Scalable integrity monitoring in virtualized environments (2010)

Use of trusted computing to achieve integrity guarantees remains limited due to the complexity of monitoring a large set of systems, the required changes to guest operating systems, and, e.g., relay attacks or time of measurement to time of reporting attacks. Datacenters with virtualization must scale to manage large numbers of virtual machines. We suggest an extension to virtualized trusted platform modules that significantly reduces the complexity of software attestation. It enables efficient event-based monitoring of a large number of virtual machines and eliminates attacks on the currently used attestation protocol. It targets patch and configuration management and audit. The virtual TPM extension requires only 700 lines of additional code. Our experiments confirm that this approach has very low performance overhead and is comparable to other resource monitoring tools.
Test Generation Approach for Post-Silicon Validation of High End Microprocessor (2012)

Post-Silicon Validation faces numerous challenges in the areas of test generation efficiency, time utilization and comprehensive coverage of the various functionalities of advanced microprocessors. The proposed approach uses the concept of building a Master Test Program that is used to build multiple test-streams by utilizing an instruction pool and a data pool. It utilizes lightweight modules such as the Instruction Classifier and Organizer and the Data Pool Generator that generate test streams on the fly. A key advantage of this is that it extends coverage of the processor state space while reducing the build time greatly.
Design and Synthesis of Orally Bioavailable Piperazine Substituted 4(1<i>H</i>)-Quinolones with Potent Antimalarial Activity: Structure–Activity and Structure–Property Relationship Studies (2017)

Malaria deaths have been decreasing over the last 10-15 years, with global mortality rates having fallen by 47% since 2000. While the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to combat malaria, the emergence of artemisinin resistant strains underscores the need to develop new antimalarial drugs. Recent in vivo efficacy improvements of the historical antimalarial ICI 56,780 have been reported, however, with the poor solubility and rapid development of resistance, this compound requires further optimization. A series of piperazine-containing 4(1H)-quinolones with greatly enhanced solubility were developed utilizing structure-activity relationship (SAR) and structure-property relationship (SPR) studies. Furthermore, promising compounds were chosen for an in vivo scouting assay to narrow selection for testing in an in vivo Thompson test. Finally, two piperazine-containing 4(1H)-quinolones were curative in the conventional Thompson test and also displayed in vivo activity against the liver stages of the parasite.
Quantum key distribution with integrated optics (2014)

We report on a quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment where a client with an on-chip polarisation rotator can access a server through a telecom-fibre link. Large resources such as photon source and detectors are situated at server-side. We employ a reference frame independent QKD protocol for polarisation qubits and show that it overcomes detrimental effects of drifting fibre birefringence in a polarisation maintaining fibre.
Discovery and Characterization of Sulfoxaflor, a Novel Insecticide Targeting Sap-Feeding Pests (2010)

The discovery of sulfoxaflor [N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-λ(4)-sulfanylidene] cyanamide] resulted from an investigation of the sulfoximine functional group as a novel bioactive scaffold for insecticidal activity and a subsequent extensive structure-activity relationship study. Sulfoxaflor, the first product from this new class (the sulfoximines) of insect control agents, exhibits broad-spectrum efficacy against many sap-feeding insect pests, including aphids, whiteflies, hoppers, and Lygus, with levels of activity that are comparable to those of other classes of insecticides targeting sap-feeding insects, including the neonicotinoids. However, no cross-resistance has been observed between sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid, apparently the result of differences in susceptibility to oxidative metabolism. Available data are consistent with sulfoxaflor acting via the insect nicotinic receptor in a complex manner. These observations reflect the unique structure of the sulfoximines compared with neonicotinoids.
Heart Sound Segmentation toward Automated Heart Murmur Classification in Pediatric Patents (2015)

A computerized heart murmur classification requires localization of two primary heart sounds, S1 and S2. In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation method for pediatric heart sounds. After identifying S1 and S2 candidates from the envelope signal, we identify the best S1 and S2 pairs from all possible combinations of candidates by examining the signal correlation and cardiac cycle information. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated on normal heart sounds, innocent murmurs, and pathological murmurs. The proposed algorithm yields an overall sensitivity of 96.7% and positive predictive value of 98.0%.
The spike-ACE2 binding assay: An in vitro platform for evaluating vaccination efficacy and for screening SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies (2022)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic, and there is a pressing need for the rapid development of novel therapeutic strategies. SARS-CoV-2 viral entry is mediated by interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and host cellular receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The lack of a high throughput screening (HTS) platform for candidate drug screening means that no targeted COVID-19 treatments have been developed to date. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel, rapid, simple, and HTS binding assay platform to screen potential inhibitors of the RBD-ACE2 complex. Three "neutralizing" mouse monoclonal antibodies capable of blocking the RBD-ACE2 interaction were identified using our binding assay and pseudovirus neutralization assay followed by further validation with the Focus Reduction Neutralization Test (FRNT), which analyzes the neutralization capacity of samples in the presence of live SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the consistency of our binding assay and FRNT results (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.68) was demonstrated by patients' serum, of which were COVID-19 positive (n = 34) and COVID-19 negative (n = 76). Several small molecules selected for their potential to inhibit the Spike-ACE2 complex in silico were also confirmed with the binding assay. In addition, we have evaluated vaccine efficacy using binding assay platform and validated through pseudovirus neutralization assay. The correlation between binding assay & psuedovirus assay of the post vaccinated serum showed well correlated (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.09) Moreover, our binding assay platform successfully validated different Spike RBD mutants. These results indicate that our binding assay can be used as a platform for in vitro screening of small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, and high-throughput assessment of antibody levels after vaccination. When conducting drug screening, computer virtual screening lacks actual basis, construction of pseudoviruses is relatively complicated, and even FRNT requires a P3 laboratory. There are few methods to determine the competitiveness of the target drug and SRBD or ACE2. Our binding assay can fill this gap and accelerate the process and efficiency of COVID-19 drug screening.
Design Of A White Light Radial Shear Interferometer For Segmented Mirror Control (1988)

This paper presents the optical description of a white light radial shear interferometer for use in the control of segmented mirror systems. White light from a segment of the mirror under control is caused to interfere with light from other segments. The resulting white light fringe position is modulated so that an error signal corresponding to wavefront offset may be generated.
Tightly-Coupled Integration of WiFi and MEMS Sensors on Handheld Devices for Indoor Pedestrian Navigation (2015)

The need for indoor pedestrian navigators is quickly increasing in various applications over the last few years. However, indoor navigation still faces many challenges and practical issues, such as the need for special hardware designs and complicated infrastructure requirements. This paper originally proposes a pedestrian navigator based on tightly coupled (TC) integration of low-cost microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors and WiFi for handheld devices. Two other approaches are proposed in this paper to enhance the navigation performance: the use of MEMS solution based on pedestrian dead reckoning/inertial navigation system (PDR/INS) integration and the use of motion constraints, such as non-holonomic constraints, zero velocity update, and zero angular rate update for the MEMS solution. There are two main contributions in this paper: TC fusion of WiFi, INS, and PDR for pedestrian navigation using an extended Kalman filter and better heading estimation using PDR and INS integration to remove the gyro noise that occurs when only vertical gyroscope is used. The performance of the proposed navigation algorithms has been extensively verified through field tests in indoor environments. The experiment results showed that the average root mean square position error of the proposed TC integration solution was 3.47 m in three trajectories, which is 0.01% of INS, 10.38% of PDR, 32.11% of the developed MEMS solution, and 64.58% of the loosely coupled integration. The proposed TC integrated navigation system can work well in the environment with sparse deployment of WiFi access points.
HBV-Specific Adaptive Immunity (2009)

The successful control of HBV infection requires an efficient expansion of distinct elements of the adaptive immune system (B cells, helper and cytotoxic T cells) that, due to the hepatotropic nature of HBV, need to operate in the liver parenchyma. In this respect, we will discuss broad features of HBV immunity in patients with resolved or chronic HBV infection and analyze how the liver environment can directly modulate HBV-immunity.
A Novel Method to Recycle Scrap Tires: High-Pressure High-Temperature Sintering (2002)

Abstract High-pressure high-temperature sintering (HPHTS) is a novel recycling technique that makes it possible to recycle vulcanized rubber powders made from waste rubber (namely scrap tires) through only the application of heat and pressure. A brief look into the mechanism of sintering will be presented along with information about the influence of molding variables, such as time, temperature, pressure and rubber particle size on the mechanical properties of the produced parts. One of the most interesting observations is that powders of every crosslinked elastomer attempted sintered together via this technique, including silicone rubber (SI), sulfur cured [natural rubber (NR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)], peroxide cured butadiene rubber (BR), and fluoroelastomers (FKM). Early work on sintered rubber made from commercially available rubber powder had a modulus of 1 to 2 MPa, strength of 4 to 7 MPa and an elongation at break of 150–250%. Recently, in-house ground samples of SBR have had sintered values over 9.5 MPa strength and 275% elongation, or greater than 60% retention of the original properties. Many of these mechanical properties are comparable with industrially manufactured rubbers, and it is believed that recycled rubbers produced via HPHTS offer the potential to replace virgin rubber in numerous applications.
All-optical half adder using single mechanism of XGM in semiconductor optical amplifiers (2005)

By using gain nonlinearity characteristics of semiconductor optical amplifier, an all-optical binary half adder at 10 Gbps is demonstrated. The half adder operates in single mechanism, which is XGM. The half adder utilizes two logic functions of SUM and CARRY, which can be demonstrated by using the XOR gate and the AND gate, respectively. In the XOR (A NOT B + NOT A B) gate, Boolean A NOT B is obtained by using signal A as a probe beam and signal B as a pump beam in SOA-1. Also, Boolean NOT A B is obtained by using signal B as a probe beam and signal A as a pump beam in SOA-2. By adding two outputs from SOA-1 and SOA-2, Boolean A NOT B + NOT A B (logic XOR) can be obtained. In the AND (AB ) gate, Boolean NOT B is firstly obtained by using signal B as a pump beam and clock signal as a probe beam in SOA-3. By passing signal A as a probe beam and NOT B as a pump beam through SOA-4, Boolean AB is acquired. By achieving this experiment, we also explored the possibilities for the enhanced complex logic operation and higher chances for multiple logic integration.
Superconducting pulse conserving logic and Josephson-SRAM (2023)

Superconducting digital pulse-conserving logic and Josephson static random access memory (JSRAM) memory together enable scalable circuits with energy efficiency 100× beyond leading-node CMOS. Circuit designs support high throughput and low latency when implemented in an advanced fabrication stack with high-critical-current-density Josephson junctions of 1000 μA/μm2. Pulse-conserving logic produces one single-flux-quantum output for each input and includes a three-input, three-output gate producing logical or3, majority3, and and3. Gate macros using dual-rail data encoding eliminate inversion latency and produce efficient implementations of all standard logic functions. A full adder using 70 Josephson junctions has a carry-out latency of 5 ps corresponding to an effective 12 levels of logic at 30 GHz. JSRAM memory uses single-flux-quantum signals throughout an active array to achieve throughput at the same clock rate as the logic. The unit cell has eight Josephson junctions, a signal propagation latency of 1 ps, and a footprint of 2 μm2. Projected density of JSRAM is 4 MB/cm2, and computational density of pulse-conserving logic is on par with leading node CMOS accounting for power densities and clock rates.