gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Selective Allosteric M<sub>1</sub>Receptor Modulator with Suitable Development Properties Based on a Quinolizidinone Carboxylic Acid Scaffold (2011)

One approach to ameliorate the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been to restore neuronal signaling from the basal forebrain cholinergic system via the activation of the M(1) muscarinic receptor. A number of nonselective M(1) muscarinic agonists have previously shown positive effects on cognitive behaviors in AD patients, but were limited due to cholinergic adverse events thought to be mediated by the activation of the M(2) to M(5) subtypes. One strategy to confer selectivity for M(1) is the identification of positive allosteric modulators, which would target an allosteric site on the M(1) receptor rather than the highly conserved orthosteric acetylcholine binding site. Quinoline carboxylic acids have been previously identified as highly selective M(1) positive allosteric modulators with good pharmacokinetic and in vivo properties. Herein is described the optimization of a novel quinolizidinone carboxylic acid scaffold with 4-cyanopiperidines being a key discovery in terms of enhanced activity. In particular, modulator 4i gave high plasma free fractions, enhanced central nervous system (CNS) exposure, was efficacious in a rodent in vivo model of cognition, and afforded good physicochemical properties suitable for further preclinical evaluation.
Design of Smearing Filters for Data Transmission Systems (1985)

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to design smearing and desmearing filters for data transmission systems to suppress pulse-like disturbances inserted in the communication channel. Our method is based on time domain considerations. It consists of the optimization of two merit factors defined for the impulse response functions of the filters. The first one is a measure of the smearing efficiency, and the second one is a measure of the amount of intersymbol interference caused by the insertion of the two filters in the transmission system. Our method will be applied to smearing and desmearing filters for baseband signals as well as for passband signals. In particular, we show that our method leads to filters having a better smearing efficiency and a simpler implementation than the filters obtained by the classical frequency domain approach.
Technical note: Phantom‐based training framework for convolutional neural network CT noise reduction (2022)

The proposed phantom-based training framework demonstrated strong noise reduction while preserving spatial detail. Because this method is based within the image domain, it can be easily implemented without access to projection data.
Does Infliximab Influence Surgical Morbidity of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis? (2007)

Although preoperative treatment with infliximab alone does not significantly increase the incidence of postoperative complications, using both inflixiamb and cyclosporine A before colectomy in refractory ulcerative colitis is associated with high surgical morbidity.
Vocabulary independent discriminative utterance verification for nonkeyword rejection in subword based speech recognition (1996)

An integral part of any deployable speech recognition system is the capability to detect if the input speech does not contain any of the words in the recognizer vocabulary set. This capability, which is called utterance verification (or keyword recognition and nonkeyword rejection), is therefore becoming increasingly important as speech recognition systems continue to migrate from the laboratory to actual applications. We present a framework and a method for vocabulary independent utterance verification in subword-based speech recognition. The verification process is cast as a statistical hypothesis test, where vocabulary independence is accomplished through a two-stage verification process: subword-level verification followed by string-level verification. A verification function is defined and discriminatively trained to perform subword-level verification. String-level verification is accomplished by defining and evaluating an overall string-level log likelihood ratio that is a function of the subword-level verification scores. Experimental results show that this vocabulary-independent discriminative utterance verification method significantly outperforms a baseline method commonly used in wordspotting tasks.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES OF IGNITION PROCESSES IN LARGE NATURAL GAS ENGINES USING LASER SPARK IGNITION (2005)

The current report details project progress made during the first quarterly reporting period of the DOE sponsored project ''Fundamental studies of ignition processes in large natural gas engines using laser spark ignition''. The goal of the overall research effort is to develop a laser ignition system for natural gas engines, with a particular focus on using fiber optic delivery methods. In this report we present our successful demonstration of spark formation using fiber delivery made possible though the use of novel coated hollow fibers. We present results of (high power) experimental characterizations of light propagation using hollow fibers using both a high power research grade laser as well as a more compact laser. Finally, we present initial designs of the system we are developing for future on-engine testing using the hollow fibers.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Hyperforin (2012)

A modular, 18-step total synthesis of hyperforin is described. The natural product was quickly accessed using latent symmetry elements, whereby a group-selective, Lewis acid-catalyzed epoxide-opening cascade cyclization was used to furnish the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core and set two key quaternary stereocenters.
Morphology and Mechanical Property of Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites Prepared by Ultrasonication (2014)

Epoxy-clay nanocomposites have been synthesized using organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay, Nanomer I.30E as nanoreinforcement in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy using ultrasonication. X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis showed that the interlayer spacing of clay increased as a result of sonication mixing. It was observed that the morphology of the resultant nanocomposites were dominated by disordered intercalated morphology with some ordered intercalated structure. Tensile tests results illustrated that while the addition of nanoclay increased the modulus of elasticity, noticeable reduction in strength and failure strain was observed. Fractographic analysis was curried out for the tensile fracture surfaces using SEM which illustrated that the roughness of the nanocomposites surface were high compared with the smooth surfaces of the pure epoxy indicating an improvement in the fracture toughness. It also demonstrated that during tensile loading for nanocomposites the cracks were initiated at either clay aggregates or microvoids which explained the reduction in strength for nanocomposites.
Damage Detection in Thick Steel Plates Using Guided Ultrasonic Waves and Non-Contact Laser Vibrometry (2016)

This paper presents damage detection in thick steel plates by using guided ultrasonic waves and non-contact laser vibrometry. Guided waves are generated by piezoelectric transducers (PZT). A scanning laser Doppler vibrometer is used to measure the full velocity wavefield of guided waves in the plate, based on the Doppler Effect. The measured full wavefield in terms of time and space contains a wealth of information regarding guided wave propagation in the plate as well as guided wave interaction with damage. Through wavefield analysis, the cumulative energy map of damage induced waves is derived for damage detection and quantification. For the proof of concept, an experiment is performed on a ¼ inch steel plate with three surface defects of different sizes and shapes. The detection result shows that the locations and sizes of high energy areas in the cumulative energy map agree well with those of the actual defects. Overall the method presented in this paper using guided waves and non-contact laser vibrometry is effective to detect and quantify location, size and shape of damage in thick steel plates.
Enhanced interval trees for dynamic IP router-tables (2004)

We develop an enhanced interval tree data structure that is suitable for the representation of dynamic IP router tables. Several refinements of this enhanced structure are proposed for a variety of IP router tables. For example, the data structure called BOB (binary tree on binary tree) is developed for dynamic router tables in which the rule filters are nonintersecting ranges and in which ties are broken by selecting the highest-priority rule that matches a destination address. Prefix filters are a special case of nonintersecting ranges and the commonly used longest-prefix tie breaker is a special case of the highest-priority tie breaker. When an n-rule router table is represented using BOB, the highest-priority rule that matches a destination address may be found in O(log/sup 2/n) time; a new rule may be inserted and an old one deleted in O(logn) time. For general ranges, the data structure CBOB (compact BOB) is proposed. For the case when all rule filters are prefixes, the data structure PBOB (prefix BOB) permits highest-priority matching as well as rule insertion and deletion in O(W) time, where W is the length of the longest prefix, each. When all rule filters are prefixes and longest-prefix matching is to be done, the data structure LMPBOB (longest matching-prefix BOB) permits longest-prefix matching in O(W) time; rule insertion and deletion each take O(logn) time. On practical rule tables, BOB and PBOB perform each of the three dynamic-table operations in O(logn) time and with O(logn) cache misses. The number of cache misses incurred by LMPBOB is also O(logn). Experimental results also are presented.
Safe Reasoning Over Ontologies (2009)

As ontologies proliferate and automatic reasoners become more powerful, the problem of protecting sensitive information becomes more serious. In particular, as facts can be inferred from other facts, it becomes increasingly likely that information included in an ontology, while not itself deemed sensitive, may be able to be used to infer other sensitive information. We first consider the problem of testing an ontology for safeness defined as its not being able to be used to derive any sensitive facts using a given collection of inference rules. We then consider the problem of optimizing an ontology based on the criterion of making as much useful information as possible available without revealing any sensitive facts.
1,2,4-Triazolyl Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes: A New Series of Potent and Selective Dopamine D<sub>3</sub>Receptor Antagonists (2009)

The discovery of new highly potent and selective dopamine (DA) D(3) receptor antagonists has recently allowed the characterization of the DA D(3) receptor in a range of preclinical animal models of drug addiction. A novel series of 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, members of which showed a high affinity and selectivity for the DA D(3) receptor and excellent pharmacokinetic profiles, is reported here. Members of a group of derivatives from this series showed good oral bioavailability and brain penetration and very high in vitro affinity and selectivity for the DA D(3) receptor, as well as high in vitro potency for antagonism at this receptor. Several members of this series also significantly attenuate the expression of conditioned place preference (CPP) to nicotine and cocaine.
Analytical Validation of a Practical Molecular Assay Prognostic of Survival in Nonsquamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2013)

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Ambipolar Si nanowire field effect transistors for low current and temperature sensing (2011)

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of a pA current and temperature sensing device with ultra-low power consumption based on a Schottky barrier silicon nanowire transistor. Thermionic and trap-assisted tunneling current conduction mechanisms are identified and discussed on the base of the device sensitivity upon current and temperature biasing. In particular, very low current sensing properties are confirmed also with previously reported polysilicon-channel nanowire Schottky barrier transistors. demonstrating that these devices are suitable for temperature and current sensing applications. Moreover, the process flow compatibility for both sensing and logic applications makes these devices suitable for heterogeneous integration.
Deflection Sensitivity Calibration of Heated Microcantilevers Using Pseudo-Gratings (2012)

We report a technique to calibrate the sensitivity of sensor-integrated atomic force microscope cantilevers using pseudo-gratings. An offset signal superposed onto the cantilever control signal modulates the cantilever position over a flat surface, driving the cantilever toward and away from the surface in a controlled way. The relationship between the cantilever sensor signal and displacement provides the cantilever calibration. We show how this technique can be used to calibrate heated microcantilever sensors.
Risk estimation of distant metastasis in node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients using an RT-PCR based prognostic expression signature (2008)

The 14-gene signature is significantly associated with risk of distant metastasis. The signature has a predominance of proliferation genes which have prognostic significance above that of Ki-67 LI and may aid in prioritizing future mechanistic studies and therapeutic interventions.
Dynamic Diglyme-Mediated Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoclusters (2015)

We report the assembly of gold nanoclusters by the nonthiolate ligand diglyme into discrete and dynamic assemblies. To understand this surprising phenomenon, the assembly of Au20(SC2H4Ph)15-diglyme into Au20(SC2H4Ph)15-diglyme-Au20(SC2H4Ph)15 is explored in detail. The assembly is examined by high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and calorimetry. We establish a dissociation constant for dimer to monomer conversion of 20.4 μM. Theoretical models validated by transient absorption spectroscopy predict a low-spin monomer and a high-spin dimer, with assembly enabled through weak diglyme oxygen-gold interactions. Close spatial coupling allows electron delocalization between the nanoparticle cores. The resulting assemblies thus possess optical and electronic properties that emerge as a result of assembly.
Space-time coding and Kalman filtering for time-selective fading channels (2002)

This paper proposes a novel decoding scheme for Alamouti's (see IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.16, p.1451-1458, 1998) space-time (ST) coded transmissions over time-selective fading channels that arise due to Doppler shifts and carrier frequency offsets. Modeling the time-selective channels as random processes, we employ Kalman filtering for channel tracking in order to enable ST decoding with diversity gains. Computer simulations confirm that the proposed scheme exhibits robustness to time-selectivity with a few training symbols.
A probabilistic learning method for XML annotation of documents (2005)

We consider the problem of semantic annotation of semi-structured documents according to a target XML schema. The task is to annotate a document in a tree-like manner where the annotation tree is an instance of a tree class defined by DTD or W3C XML Schema descriptions. In the probabilistic setting, we cope with the tree annotation problem as a generalized probabilistic context-free parsing of an observation sequence where each observation comes with a probability distribution over terminals supplied by a probabilistic classifier associated with the content of documents. We determine the most probable tree annotation by maximizing the joint probability of selecting a terminal sequence for the observation sequence and the most probable parse for the selected terminal sequence. 1
<i>Bacillus brevis</i>, a Host Bacterium for Efficient Extracellular Production of Useful Proteins (1989)

The work described in this review was begun in 1971, when attempts were made to isolate micro-organisms that produce proteins extracellularly in large amounts. Fortunately, in vitro recombinant DNA technology emerged a few years after we had started this work. It was thus quite natural that we tried to utilize this splendid technology to obtain protein-hyperproducers to yield various important proteins. Although it took many years to explore the new technology, we succeeded in constructing an excellent host-vector system for producing foreign proteins, using protein-hyperproducing Bacillus brevis as the host
Camera-Radar Fusion for 3-D Depth Reconstruction. (2020)

We introduce and study the problem of camera-radar fusion for 3-D depth reconstruction. This problem is motivated by autonomous driving applications, in which we can expect to have access to both front-facing camera and radar sensors. These two sensors are complementary in several respects: the camera is a passive sensor measuring azimuth and elevation; the radar is an active sensor measuring azimuth and range. Fusing their measurements is therefore beneficial. Our fusion solution uses a modified encoder-decoder deep convolutional neural network. We train and evaluate this network on over 100 000 samples collected in highway environments. Our results demonstrate an improvement in reconstruction accuracy and robustness from fusing the two sensors.
Low Effective Mass Leading to High Thermoelectric Performance (2011)

High Seebeck coefficient by creating large density of state (DOS) around the Fermi level through either electronic structure modification or manipulating nanostructures, is commonly considered as a route to advanced thermoelectrics. However, large density of state due to flat bands leads to large effective mass, which results in a simultaneous decrease of mobility. In fact, the net effect of high effective mass is a lower thermoelectric figure of merit when the carriers are predominantly scattered by acoustic phonons according to the deformation potential theory of Bardeen-Shockley. We demonstrate the beneficial effect of light effective mass leading to high power factor in n-type thermoelectric PbTe, where doping and temperature can be used to tune the effective mass. This clear demonstration of the deformation potential theory to thermoelectrics shows that the guiding principle for band structure engineering should be low effective mass along the transport direction.
Development of ECOBRASS <sup>®</sup> Castings with Fine Grain (2006)

Our developed alloy ECOBRASS®, a lead-free free-cutting copper alloy, has gained a high reputation and is commercially used as a casting material due to its good castability and corrosion resistance. Aiming to further improve its performance and quality as a casting material, our work has now been accomplished to introduce ECOBRASS® castings with fine grain consisting of 3% Si, 76% Cu, 0.08% P, 0.005% Zr and remaining part Zn. The grains of ECOBRASS® castings with fine grain can be completely refined by the addition of 25ppm Zr when the content ratio between Zr and P is properly controlled, and thereby greatly improves its mechanical properties as well as castability. The mechanical properties of ECOBRASS® permanent mold castings with fine grain show 530N/mm2 for tensile strength and 35% for elongation. In addition, the solid phase of castings with fine grain in the molten state is granulated, making ECOBRASS® castings with fine grain suitable for semi-solid metal casting as well.
A universal approach to electrically connecting nanowire arrays using nanoparticles—application to a novel gas sensor architecture (2006)

We report on a novel, in situ approach toward connecting and electrically contacting vertically aligned nanowire arrays using conductive nanoparticles. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by development of a gas sensing device employing this nano-architecture. Well-aligned, single-crystalline zinc oxide nanowires were grown through a direct thermal evaporation process at 550 °C on gold catalyst layers. Electrical contact to the top of the nanowire array was established by creating a contiguous nanoparticle film through electrostatic attachment of conductive gold nanoparticles exclusively onto the tips of nanowires. A gas sensing device was constructed using such an arrangement and the nanowire assembly was found to be sensitive to both reducing (methanol) and oxidizing (nitrous oxides) gases. This assembly approach is amenable to any nanowire array for which a top contact electrode is needed.
LUCIDAH Ligative and Unligative Characters in a Dataset for Arabic Handwriting (2019)

Arabic script is inherently cursive, even when machine-printed. When connected to other characters, some Arabic characters may be optionally written in compact aesthetic forms known as ligatures. It is useful to distinguish ligatures from ordinary characters for several applications, especially automatic text recognition. Datasets that do not annotate these ligatures may confuse the recognition system training. Some popular datasets manually annotate ligatures, but no dataset (prior to this work) took ligatures into consideration from the design phase. In this paper, a detailed study of Arabic ligatures and a design for a dataset that considers the representation of ligative and unligative characters are presented. Then, pilot data collection and recognition experiments are conducted on the presented dataset and on another popular dataset of handwritten Arabic words. These experiments show the benefit of annotating ligatures in datasets by reducing error-rates in character recognition tasks.