gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEW MAGNETIC FIELD–ENHANCED PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS WASTES (1999)

ABSTRACT A new magnetic adsorbent material, called magnetic polyamine-epichlorohydrin (MPE) resin, was prepared by attaching activated magnetite to the outer surface of polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin beads. Experiments were carried out in the presence of a 0.3-tesla magnetic field to investigate the removal of actinides (plutonium and americium) from pH 12 wastewater using this new resin. The results demonstrated that the MPE resin has a significantly enhanced capacity for actinides over conventional ferrite-based surface complexation adsorption processes (where no field is applied) and over traditional high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) processes that remove suspended particles. This enhancement was attributed to the presence and subsequent removal of suspended actinide nanoparticles through an HGMS effect, with the magnetite acting as a very effective HGMS element. A theoretical analysis verified this supposition by showing that under adequate pHs and particle-particle separations, the attractive...
Photoinactivation of catalase sensitizes a wide range of bacteria to ROS-producing agents and immune cells (2022)

Bacteria have evolved to cope with the detrimental effects of ROS using their essential molecular components. Catalase, a heme-containing tetramer protein expressed universally in most aerobic bacteria, plays an indispensable role in scavenging excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, through use of wild-type and catalase-deficient mutants, we identified catalase as an endogenous therapeutic target of 400-420 nm blue light. Catalase residing inside bacteria could be effectively inactivated by blue light, subsequently rendering the pathogens extremely vulnerable to H2O2 and H2O2-producing agents. As a result, photoinactivation of catalase and H2O2 synergistically eliminated a wide range of catalase-positive planktonic bacteria and P. aeruginosa inside biofilms. In addition, photoinactivation of catalase was shown to facilitate macrophage defense against intracellular pathogens. The antimicrobial efficacy of catalase photoinactivation was validated using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced mouse abrasion model. Taken together, our findings offer a catalase-targeting phototherapy approach against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
A Diffusion Barrier for Flexible Thin Film Photovoltaics (2013)

Thin film solar cells on flexible metal substrates require diffusion barriers in order to prevent the diffusion of detrimental species from the metallic flexible substrate into the photovoltaic device layers. This work demonstrates that an electrolessly deposited 300 nm nickel phosphorous film functions as a diffusion barrier to iron and chromium diffusion on a flexible stainless steel substrate.
On the Design of DACs for Dynamic Calibration Applications using Periodic Sequences from ΣΔ Modulators (2019)

This paper presents a design procedure for constructing DACs for dynamic calibration applications using periodic sequences from ΣΔ modulators. These DACs are in a unique class of their own and have unique design requirements. The design procedure follows a three step process: (1) selecting the ΣΔ modulator order based on the desired output full-scale range, (2) selecting the cut-off frequency of the low pass filter based on the desired bit resolution, followed by (3) the selection of the low pass filter order that yields the lowest settling time. A design example is used through out the paper to show how this procedure can be used. A comparison with other DAC realizations will also be presented. It will be shown that the proposed procedure creates a DAC realization that has extremely low settling time (relatively speaking), which is a very important performance measure in DACs that are used in dynamic calibration applications.
Grain Size Controlled High-Strength Silicon Nitride Ceramics (1995)

Silicon nitride sintered bodies composed of finegrained α-Si3N4 and β′-sialon were fabricated by the gas-pressing sintering method. The silicon nitride sintered body showed a very high strength of about 2.0 GPa at room temperature, shock resistance of about 20kJ·m-2 (Charpy impact value) and 3-point bending fatigue limit of about 1.3 GPa.
Pseudobinary Al2Te3-Sb2Te3 material for high speed phase change memory application (2012)

Al2Sb2Te6 is a pseudobinary material constructed by Sb2Te3 (fast crystallization speed but thermally unstable) and Al2Te3 (thermally stable but without memory switching ability). Al2Sb2Te6 material possesses advantages of these two binary compounds showing good memory switching ability with fast switching speed and good thermal stability. These improvements are believed to be closely related to the coordination situations of Al atoms in Al2Sb2Te6 material. Phase change memory device using Al2Sb2Te6 showed high speed (∼5 ns), low power consumption, and high endurance (∼106 cycles). Thus, we consider that Al2Sb2Te6 can be one of the most promising materials for phase change memory use.
Independent-tree ad hoc multicast routing (ITAMAR) (2002)

Multicasting is an efficient means of one to many communication and is typically implemented by creating a multicasting tree. Because of the severe battery power and transmission bandwidth limitations in ad hoc networks, multicast routing can significantly improve the performance of this type of network. However, due to the frequent and hard-to-predict topological changes of ad hoc networks, maintenance of a multicasting tree to ensure its availability could be a difficult task. We borrow from the concept of alternate path routing, which has been studied for providing QoS routing, effective congestion control, security, and route failure protection, to propose a scheme in which a set of multicasting trees is continuously maintained. A tree is used until it fails at which time it is replaced by an alternative tree in the set, so that the time between failure of a tree and resumption of multicast routing is minimal. We introduce the scheme and present a number of heuristics to compute a set of alternate trees. The heuristics are then compared in terms of transmission cost, improvement in the average time between multicast failures and the probability of usefulness. Simulations show significant gains over a wide range of network operational conditions. In particular, we show that using alternate trees has the potential of improving mean time between interruption by 100-600% in a 50 node network (for most multicast group sizes) with small increase in the tree cost and the route discovery overhead.
Applications of Compact Dielectric-Based Accelerators (2012)

Important progress on the development of dielectric based accelerators has been made both experimentally and theoretically in the past few years. One advantage of dielectric accelerators over their metallic counterparts is their compact size, which make them attractive for industrial or medical applications. In this article, we discuss the design of dielectric based accelerators focusing on those technologies relevant toward these needs.
Liquid as a required catalyst phase for carbon single-walled nanotube growth (2005)

The evolution of the iron catalyst during carbon single-walled nanotube growth is studied using calorimetry, temperature-programmed oxidation and Raman measurements. Carbon-induced solid-liquid, and solid-liquid-solid phase transitions of the nanocatalyst during the synthesis were observed. We found that liquid phase is favored for the growth of nanotubes, while the solidification of the catalyst nearly terminates the growth. No growth was observed below the eutectic point, when the catalyst is in solid phase. Our results support a growth mechanism of single-walled carbon nanotubes on liquid catalyst particles.
Color-tunable organic light-emitting devices (1996)

We demonstrate an integrated, two-color organic light-emitting device for flat-panel display applications. The device utilizes a unique stacked pixel architecture which allows for independent tuning of color and intensity. Each of the two addressable colors is sufficiently bright for video display applications, so that the compact stacked pixel, which maximizes display resolution, may form the basis of a new type of full-color display.
Implant-apertured and index-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (I<sup>2</sup>-VCSELs) (1999)

We have fabricated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) which, for the first time, effectively combine a shallow ion implanted aperture, for current confinement under a thin highly conducting lateral current injection layer, and an independent index guide for optical beam confinement (I/sup 2/-VCSELs). Both features are possible only because they are made before a top dielectric mirror is deposited and patterned, and are photolithographically defined for improved size reproducibility compared to oxide-confined designs. The devices emit near 980 nm and have optical power outputs of 1 mW at 2.5-mA input. The 12-VCSEL design also easily incorporates coplanar contacts allowing us to operate flip-chip bonded I/sup 2/-VCSEL's on silicon test chips at data rates of nearly 1 Gb/s.
Ultra-fast dynamic line-field optical coherence elastography (2021)

In this work, we present an ultra-fast line-field optical coherence elastography system (LF-OCE) with an 11.5 MHz equivalent A-line rate. The system was composed of a line-field spectral domain optical coherence tomography system based on a supercontinuum light source, Michelson-type interferometer, and a high-speed 2D spectrometer. The system performed ultra-fast imaging of elastic waves in tissue-mimicking phantoms of various elasticities. The results corroborated well with mechanical testing. Following validation, LF-OCE measurements were made in in situ and in in vivo rabbit corneas under various conditions. The results show the capability of the system to rapidly image elastic waves in tissues.
Semenogelins are ectopically expressed in small cell lung carcinoma. (2001)

Two proteins recovered from cell surface adhesion complexes in a small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell line were identified as fragments of the seminal plasma proteins semenogelin I and semenogelin II. Association of both proteins with the adhesion complexes was induced by epidermal growth factor. Expression of semenogelins was previously thought to be highly specific to seminal vesicles, but Western blot analysis demonstrated that semenogelin II is widely expressed in SCLC cell lines and occasionally in other malignant cell lines. Although semenogelin expression is normally restricted to males, two SCLC cell lines from female patients were also positive for semenogelin II expression. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated diffuse expression of semenogelins in 12 of 13 SCLC tumors and focal expression in a minority of lung squamous and adenocarcinomas. Semenogelins were secreted into the medium by cultured SCLC cells, which suggested that these proteins may be useful markers for detecting residual tumor burden or recurrence of SCLC after treatment.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reconstruction of the cotton fiber length distribution from a High Volume Instrument® fibrogram (2022)

Cotton fiber length is one of the most critical parameters of fiber quality for ring-spun and air-jet-spun yarns. Currently, two of the most common instruments for testing cotton fiber length are the USTER High Volume Instrument (HVI) and the USTER Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS). The HVI bases its length measurement on the fibrogram concept. It is fast but reports only two length measurements—the upper half mean length (UHML) and the uniformity index (UI), where the UI is the percentage ratio of mean length (ML) to UHML. The AFIS is slower and more costly per test because it individualizes fibers to provide a complete fiber length distribution per sample. This paper presents a method that can reconstruct a complete fiber length distribution from an HVI fibrogram based on established fibrogram theory. Results show that the algorithm can accurately recover different types of distributions based on synthetically generated data. Results also show that reconstructed distributions of three different types of samples—upland, pima, and viscose—differ in ways that make sense based on known characteristics of their length distributions. Finally, a variety of statistics computed from the reconstructed distributions are compared to the HVI-reported length parameters. Results show a good correlation with HVI output with R 2 ranging from 0.730 to 0.965 across nine different methods of calculating the ML, UHML, and UI. Interestingly, statistics calculated from an approximation of the length distribution by weight are the most closely related to the HVI length parameters.
The design of active vision system for variable view imaging of micro objects (2006)

Insufficient vision information such as occlusion and low resolvability is one of the important issues that limit the micromanipulation and microassembly. In this paper, we proposed the active vision system that can interact with the environment by changing optical system parameters such as spatial position, orientation and focus plane. As an optomechatronic system, the proposed system integrates a pair of wedge prism, a scanning mirror, a deformable mirror and off-the-shelf optics. The compact double wedge prisms can change the view direction, however the aberration induced by wedge prisms can be corrected by deformable mirror. Combining with a scanning mirror, active optical system can observe the micro object in different view. Owing to the orthogonality of the Zernike polynomials, the proposed deformable mirror control algorithm can correct the aberration in each Zernike mode instead of controlling each actuator, which simplifies the control issue of deformable mirror. The preliminary experiment setup was built, and initial experiments were demonstrated to investigate the validity of the concept of the proposed system.
Plasma Etching of Deep High-Aspect Ratio Features Into Fused Silica (2017)

This paper reports research performed on developing and optimizing a process recipe for the plasma etching of deep high-aspect ratio features into fused silica (fused quartz) material using an inductively coupled plasma reactive-ion etch process. As part of this effort, we performed a design of experiments (DOE), wherein the etch recipe parameters having the most impact on the etch process were varied over fixed ranges of predetermined values, while the other etch recipe process parameters were unchanged. Subsequently, the etched samples were analyzed so as to quantify the etch outcomes. Using the experimental data collected during the DOE, we then performed multiple regression analysis on this data to determine optimal etch tool parameters in order to achieve the desired etch results. Based on this work, we have demonstrated the ability to etch very deep features into fused silica of over 100 microns, having nearly vertical sidewalls, and with aspect ratios of over 10 to 1 using the optimized etch process. The ability to fabricate deep high-aspect ratio features into fused silica has important implications for a number of micro-electromechanical systems applications. The etch technology developments presented herein are applicable to fused silica, as well as to other silicon-dioxide-based materials including crystalline quartz.
Effective Gene Silencing in a Microsporidian Parasite Associated with Honeybee ( <i>Apis mellifera</i> ) Colony Declines (2010)

Honeybee colonies are vulnerable to parasites and pathogens ranging from viruses to vertebrates. An increasingly prevalent disease of managed honeybees is caused by the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. Microsporidia are basal fungi and obligate parasites with much-reduced genomic and cellular components. A recent genome-sequencing effort for N. ceranae indicated the presence of machinery for RNA silencing in this species, suggesting that RNA interference (RNAi) might be exploited to regulate Nosema gene expression within bee hosts. Here we used controlled laboratory experiments to show that double-stranded RNA homologous to specific N. ceranae ADP/ATP transporter genes can specifically and differentially silence transcripts encoding these proteins. This inhibition also affects Nosema levels and host physiology. Gene silencing could be mediated solely by Nosema or in concert with known systemic RNAi mechanisms in their bee hosts. These results are novel for the microsporidia and provide a possible avenue for controlling a disease agent implicated in severe honeybee colony losses. Moreover, since microsporidia are pathogenic in several known veterinary and human diseases, this advance may have broader applications in the future for disease control.
Prevention of Barite Sag in Water-Based Drilling Fluids by A Urea-Based Additive for Drilling Deep Formations (2020)

Barite sag is a challenging phenomenon encountered in deep drilling with barite-weighted fluids and associated with fluid stability. It can take place in vertical and directional wells, whether in dynamic or static conditions. In this study, an anti-sagging urea-based additive was evaluated to enhance fluid stability and prevent solids sag in water-based fluids to be used in drilling, completion, and workover operations. A barite-weighted drilling fluid, with a density of 15 ppg, was used with the main drilling fluid additives. The ratio of the urea-based additive was varied in the range 0.25–3.0 vol.% of the total base fluid. The impact of this anti-sagging agent on the sag tendency was evaluated at 250 °F using vertical and inclined sag tests. The optimum concentration of the anti-sagging agent was determined for both vertical and inclined wells. The effect of the urea-additive on the drilling fluid rheology was investigated at low and high temperatures (80 °F and 250 °F). Furthermore, the impact of the urea-additive on the filtration performance of the drilling fluid was studied at 250 °F. Adding the urea-additive to the drilling fluid improved the stability of the drilling fluid, as indicated by a reduction in the sag factor. The optimum concentration of this additive was found to be 0.5–1.0 vol.% of the base fluid. This concentration was enough to prevent barite sag in both vertical and inclined conditions at 250 °F, with a sag factor of around 0.5. For the optimum concentration, the yield point and gel strength (after 10 s) were improved by around 50% and 45%, respectively, while both the plastic viscosity and gel strength (after 10 min) were maintained at the desired levels. Moreover, the anti-sagging agent has no impact on drilling fluid density, pH, or filtration performance.
New joint frame synchronisation and carrier frequency offset estimation method for OFDM systems (2008)

Abstract We propose a new joint frame synchronisation and carrier frequency offset estimation scheme for burst transmission mode OFDM systems. This scheme uses a central‐symmetric and comb‐like (CSCL) training sequence, which eases the power detection at the receiver without increasing the total training sequence power. Fine frame synchronisation as well as carrier frequency offset acquisition with a maximum acquisition range of $\pm {{N} \over {4\times {\rm SF}}}$ times the sub‐carrier spacing can also be performed based on the proposed CSCL training sequence, where N is the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) length and SF is an integer‐valued spreading factor used to generate CSCL. The post‐acquisition residual carrier frequency offset can be further estimated and corrected via a fine adjustment algorithm. In order to reduce performance loss due to the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of the CSCL training sequence, a time‐domain constant‐envelope (CE) training sequence is also proposed. The superior estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm over that of the Moose algorithm and the SS (Shi and Serpedin) algorithm is proved by computer simulation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attosecond active synchronization of passively mode-locked lasers by balanced cross correlation (2003)

A balanced cross correlator, the optical equivalent of a balanced microwave phase detector, is demonstrated. Its use in synchronizing an octave-spanning Ti: sapphire laser and a 30-fs Cr: forsterite laser yields 300-attosecond timing jitter measured from 10 mHz to 2.3 MHz. The spectral overlap between the two lasers is strong enough to permit direct detection of the difference in carrier-envelope offset frequency between the two lasers.
A New Compact High Resolution Solid Ink Print Head and its Application to a Plate Making Printer (1998)

A new ink jet printhead of the push mode type has been developed for use with solid ink and applied to a direct plate-making printer, Model SJ02A, for the offset press. Stack piezoelectric transducers (PZT), that displace in the direction of polarization, permit jetting of solid ink at frequencies in excess of 20 kHz. Standard dot density is 600 dpi. Drop size is modulated, by driving the transducers in a multi-pulse mode. A press plate is constructed by jetting hydrophobic solid ink from the printhead onto the hydrophilic plate. The plate is used directly on the offset press. Advantages of this printing system are the elimination of the developing process, and allowing use of various plate materials, such as, paper based plate, film plate, and aluminum based plate. The printhead can also be used to successfully jet liquid ink of viscosity in the range 5 - 20 cP, and thus can be applied to industrial printers in general.
Underwater sound source with tunable resonator for ocean acoustic tomography (2004)

A high Q tunable resonator makes possible the construction of an underwater sound source with a very high efficiency. Tuning this narrow-band resonator to match the instantaneous frequency of a reference signal enables control of sound projection over a wide spectrum width. At any given time the source has one fundamental resonant frequency equal to the instant frequency of the frequency modulating signal and the sound radiates with maximum efficiency. Such sound sources find application in ocean acoustic tomography and deep-penetration seismic profiling. The analysis of the simplest known Helmholtz resonator shows its ability to instantaneously switch its frequency or to quickly adjust to a changing reference frequency. From this simplest lumped resonant source the consideration then turns to a complicated distributed system, such as a tunable organ pipe. The analysis shows that the organ pipe can also be quickly swept and instantly switch the radiated signal frequency. The 200–300-Hz swept frequency sound source was designed for ocean acoustic tomography. Test results for this sound source are presented showing that it has a high efficiency, up to 50%, 3 dBi directivity gain, and depth independent parameters.
Aibrowser for multimedia (2007)

Multimedia content with Rich Internet Applications using Dynamic HTML (DHTML) and Adobe Flash is now becoming popular in various websites. However, visually impaired users cannot deal with such content due to audio interference with the speech from screen readers and intricate structures strongly optimized for sighted users.