gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O-263 Effect of clindamycin and a live biotherapeutic containing lactobacilli on the reproductive outcomes of IVF patients with abnormal vaginal microbiota: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial (2023)

Abstract Study question Does treatment of abnormal vaginal microbiota improve the reproductive outcomes of IVF patients? Summary answer Data is being analysed and will be presented at ESHRE 2023. What is known already An increasing number of studies reported an association between abnormal genital tract microbiota and adverse reproductive outcomes in IVF patients. One hypothesis could be that vaginal microbiota ascend to the endometrium where the microbiota hampers implantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study powered to investigate causality between abnormal genital tract microbiota - in this study defined by a bacterial vaginosis like vaginal microbiota - and clinical pregnancy rate in IVF patients. Study design, size, duration Double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial in IVF patients diagnosed with abnormal vaginal microbiota and subsequently randomised into three parallel groups 1:1:1. The first group received clindamycin 300 mg ×2 daily for 7 days followed by vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus until the clinical pregnancy scan. The second group received clindamycin and placebo, whereas the third group received placebo/placebo. A total of 1518 patients were screened, and 338 patients were randomised. The study duration was from 2017 to 2023. Participants/materials, setting, methods IVF patients with any cause of infertility embarking on their first, second or third IVF stimulation cycle or embryo transfer were approached for inclusion. At a minimum 12 days prior to embryo transfer, patients were screened for abnormal vaginal microbiota defined by a qPCR assay, targeting high quantitative loads of Fannyhessea vaginae and Gardnerella spp. Patients were excluded if they had intrauterine malformations like polyps, septum, and fibroma. Main results and the role of chance Data and safety monitoring board has decided not to open the randomization code yet. The final dataset is being completed. Data is being analysed and will be presented at ESHRE 2023. Limitations, reasons for caution Data is being analysed and will be presented at ESHRE 2023. Wider implications of the findings The present drug intervention study used clindamycin and a live biotherapeutic containing Lactobacillus crispatus. The results of the study could have a worldwide important clinical impact on daily IVF practice as currently there is no evidence that screening and treating IVF patients with abnormal vaginal microbiota improves the reproductive outcome. Trial registration number EudraCT 2016-002385-31
Hardware decoders for polar codes: An overview (2016)

Polar codes are an exciting new class of error correcting codes that achieve the symmetric capacity of memoryless channels. Many decoding algorithms were developed and implemented, addressing various application requirements: from error-correction performance rivaling that of LDPC codes to very high throughput or low-complexity decoders. In this work, we review the state of the art in polar decoders implementing the successive-cancellation, belief propagation, and list decoding algorithms, illustrating their advantages.
Colorectal Cancer Detection Using Targeted Serum Metabolic Profiling (2014)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers in the world. Despite an expanding knowledge of its molecular pathogenesis during the past two decades, robust biomarkers to enable screening, surveillance, and therapy monitoring of CRC are still lacking. In this study, we present a targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling approach for identifying biomarker candidates that could enable highly sensitive and specific CRC detection using human serum samples. In this targeted approach, 158 metabolites from 25 metabolic pathways of potential significance were monitored in 234 serum samples from three groups of patients (66 CRC patients, 76 polyp patients, and 92 healthy controls). Partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were established, which proved to be powerful for distinguishing CRC patients from both healthy controls and polyp patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves generated based on these PLS-DA models showed high sensitivities (0.96 and 0.89, respectively, for differentiating CRC patients from healthy controls or polyp patients), good specificities (0.80 and 0.88), and excellent areas under the curve (0.93 and 0.95). Monte Carlo cross validation was also applied, demonstrating the robust diagnostic power of this metabolic profiling approach.
Energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials and high voltage scavenging circuitry (2008)

Piezoelectric transducers are increasingly being used to harvest energy from environmental vibrations in order to power remote sensors or to charge batteries that power the sensors. In this paper, two modifications have been analyzed and tested to increase the harvested electrical power from a vibrating piezoelectric material. First, the voltage inversion method, which has recently been used in piezoelectric-based energy harvesting, and that shapes the voltage to be in phase with current in order to increase the harvested power is reviewed. By injecting additional current, a new voltage inversion scheme, referred as voltage compensation scheme, is introduced. This new scheme provides more than 14% increase in harvesting power over the parallel inversion method (parallel SSHI) alone and more than 50% in the case of series inversion method (series SSHI) alone. Second, the tapered cantilever beams were shown to be more effective in generating a uniform strain profile over rectangular and trapezoidal beams if they are precisely shaped. Using this modification, it is shown that a 300% increase in harvested power over available methods in the literature is obtainable.
Quantum circuits for floating-point arithmetic (2018)

Quantum algorithms to solve practical problems in quantum chemistry, materials science, and matrix inversion often involve a significant amount of arithmetic operations which act on a superposition of inputs. These have to be compiled to a set of fault-tolerant low-level operations and throughout this translation process, the compiler aims to come close to the Pareto-optimal front between the number of required qubits and the depth of the resulting circuit. In this paper, we provide quantum circuits for floating-point addition and multiplication which we find using two vastly different approaches. The first approach is to automatically generate circuits from classical Verilog implementations using synthesis tools and the second is to generate and optimize these circuits by hand. We compare our two approaches and provide evidence that floating-point arithmetic is a viable candidate for use in quantum computing, at least for typical scientific applications, where addition operations usually do not dominate the computation. All our circuits were constructed and tested using the software tools LIQ$Ui|\rangle{}$ and RevKit.
DNA Probe and Enzyme Analysis in Periodontal Diagnostics (1992)

Recent research in periodontology has indicated that a finite number of bacterial species are associated with periodontal disease. This has generated the hypothesis that periodontal disease is essentially an infection due to one or more of the putative periodontopathogens; i.e., the specific plaque hypothesis (SPH). This microbial specificity paradigm has already changed the way researchers and some clinicians view periodontal disease. The clinician must heed several cautions signs, however, if he is to use the SPH to provide treatment options that could enhance the delivery of care. There are several diagnostic technologies that can be used to detect and semi-quantitate those bacterial species that have been identified as periodontopathogens. This paper discusses diagnostic tests based upon the detection in plaque of DNA segments or enzyme activity(ies) that are unique for one or more of the suspected periodontopathogens. J Periodontol 1992; 63:1102- 1109.
Indirect Programming of Floating-Gate Transistors (2007)

Floating-gate (FG) transistors are useful for precisely programming a large array of current sources. Present FG programming techniques require disconnection of the transistor from the rest of its circuit while it is being programmed. We present a new method of programming FG transistors that does not require this disconnection. In this indirect programming method, two transistors share a FG allowing one to exist directly in a circuit while the other is reserved for programming. Since the transistor does not need to be disconnected from the circuit to program it, the switch count is reduced, resulting in fewer parasitics and better overall performance. Additionally, the use of these indirectly programmed FG transistors allows a circuit to be tuned such that the effects of device mismatch are negated. Finally, the concept of run-time programming is introduced which allows a circuit to be recalibrated while it is still operating within its system
Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Has the Era of the Biomarker Arrived? (2014)

Level II, diagnostic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ferret (2006)

Building content-based search tools for feature-rich data has been a challenging problem because feature-rich data such as audio recordings, digital images, and sensor data are inherently noisy and high dimensional. Comparing noisy data requires comparisons based on similarity instead of exact matches, and thus searching for noisy data requires similarity search instead of exact search.The Ferret toolkit is designed to help system builders quickly construct content-based similarity search systems for feature-rich data types. The key component of the toolkit is a content-based similarity search engine for generic, multi-feature object representations. To solve the similarity search problem in high-dimensional spaces, we have developed approximation methods inspired by recent theoretical results on dimension reduction. The search engine constructs sketches from feature vectors as highly compact data structures for matching, filtering and ranking data objects. The toolkit also includes several other components to help system builders address search system infrastructure issues. We have implemented the toolkit and used it to successfully construct content-based similarity search systems for four data types: audio recordings, digital photos, 3D shape models and genomic microarray data.
Improved Tumor-Targeting with Peptidomimetic Analogs of Minigastrin 177Lu-PP-F11N (2021)

The cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) is an attractive target in nuclear medicine due to its overexpression by different tumors. Several radiolabeled peptidic ligands targeting the CCK2R have been investigated in the past; however, their low stability against proteases can limit their uptake in tumors and metastases. Substitution of single or multiple amide bonds with metabolically stable 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as amide bond bioisosteres proved a promising strategy for improving the tumor-targeting properties of a truncated analog of minigastrin. In this study, we applied the previously studied structural modifications to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of PP-F11N, a minigastrin analog currently in clinical trials. Novel minigastrins (NMGs) as analogs of PP-F11N with one or two amide bonds substituted by 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized, radiolabeled with <sup>177</sup>Lu<sup>3+</sup>, and subjected to full evaluation in vitro (cell internalization, receptor affinity, stability in blood plasma) and in vivo (stability, biodistribution, SPECT/CT imaging). NMGs with triazoles inserted between the amino acids DGlu<sup>10</sup>-Ala<sup>11</sup> and/or Tyr<sup>12</sup>-Gly<sup>13</sup> showed a significantly increased cellular uptake and affinity toward the CCK2R in vitro. Resistance against the metabolic degradation of the NMGs was comparable to those of the clinical candidate PP-F11N. Imaging by SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies demonstrated a higher uptake in CCK2R-positive tumors but also in the CCK2R-positive stomach. The peptidomimetic compounds showed a slow tumor washout and high tumor-to-kidney ratios. The structural modifications led to the identification of analogs with promising properties for progression to clinical applications in the diagnosis and therapy of CCK2R-positive neoplasms.
Ubiquitous Low-Cost Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Distributed Methane Leak Detection (2016)

This paper presents a highly sensitive, energy efficient, and low-cost distributed methane (CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) sensor system (DMSS) for continuous monitoring, detection, and localization of CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> leaks in natural gas infrastructure, such as transmission and distribution pipelines, wells, and production pads. The CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> sensing element, a key component of the DMSS, consists of a metal-oxide nanocrystal functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube mesh, which, in comparison with the existing literature, shows stronger relative resistance change while interacting with lower parts per million concentration of CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . A Gaussian plume triangulation algorithm has been developed for the DMSS. Given a geometric model of the surrounding environment, the algorithm can precisely detect and localize a CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> leak as well as estimate its mass emission rate. A UV-based surface recovery technique making the sensor recover ten times faster than the reported ones is presented for the DMSS. A control algorithm based on the UV-accelerated recovery is developed, which facilitates faster leak detection.
Binuclear macrocyclic and macrobicyclic complexes for dioxygen activation and transport (1994)

Abstract
Sensitivity of chemical shift‐encoded fat quantification to calibration of fat MR spectrum (2015)

It is essential to use a multipeak fat model for accurate quantification of fat with CSE-MRI. Furthermore, fat quantification techniques using multipeak fat models are comparable, and no specific choice of spectral model has been shown to be superior to the rest.
Study of Electrostatic Actuator Voltage Reduction with a Tri-Electrode Actuator with Varying Pull-Down Voltage (2018)

Employing a tri-electrode topology for electrostatic actuators can significantly reduce needed control voltages. The tri-electrode topology employs a perforated intermediate electrode between the MEMS structure and pull-down electrode, and provides a low voltage control for the MEMS structure. Simulations of a spring supported MEMS in a conventional electrostatic actuator offering ~4.5 m displacement with 20 V on the pull-down electrode, were compared to the trielectrode actuator. This study showed that the intermediate electrode can act to provide similar controlled displacement with only 1/3 and 1/4 the voltage for the cases with the pull-down electrode held fixed at 20 V and 40 V respectively. A fabricated prototype experimentally showed that the intermediate electrode can provide similar displacement control with only 1/6 the normal control voltage of an electrostatic actuator.
Four days a week and less on appropriate antiviral combinations provided long-term optimal control over HIV-1 in 92 patients (2014)

Patients and treatments 92 volunteer patients on optimally suppressive antiviral combinations for 5 months or more consented to step wisely reduce their weekly treatment from 7 to 5 to 4 days/wk, or directly from 7 to 4 d/wk after bi-monthly checks on HIV plasma levels at < 50 copies. Weekly treatment was further reduced to 3, 2, and 1 d/wk for respectively 72, 59 and 12 pts. Antiviral combinations included : one integrase inhibitor-base + 2 or 3 NRTIs, or 1 NNRTI and 1 PI (for 4 d/wk regimens, (Rx); standard triple combinations of 1 PI or 1 NNRTI + 2 NRTIs (for 4, 3 , 2 d/wk Rx); novel quadruple antiviral compositions of 1 NNRTI + 3 NRTIs (for 4, 3 , 2, 1 d/wk Rx).
Measurement and interpretation of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions: Input/output functions and transient analyses (2001)

A stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission (SFOAE) is a cochlear-based signal measured in the ear canal in response to sine-tone stimulation. SFOAE responses are potentially related to other auditory-system responses to sine-tone stimulation, e.g., basilar membrane input/output (I/O) functions, and behavioral studies of nonlinearity. In preliminary experiments, system distortion has been measured in an ear simulator using SFOAE and DPOAE paradigms, and different probes. SFOAE I/O functions have been measured in subjects using the double-evoked method [D. H. Keefe, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 3489–3498 (1998)] in two approaches: equal-level stimuli in each loudspeaker, or a fixed high level in one loudspeaker and varying level in the other. The latter approach is particularly helpful, because it controls for mutual suppression effects in SFOAE responses. Based on the use of transient-gated stimuli, time-frequency representations of the OAE responses enable measurement of cochlear delays and detection of possible multiple internal reflections. Results will be described in terms of the reflection emission theory of OAEs [Zweig and Shera, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 2018–2047 (1995)] extrapolated to moderate stimulus levels, in which SFOAE nonlinearities are directly related to basilar-membrane nonlinearities. [Work supported by NIH (R01 DC003784, T32 DC00013).]
A New Technology for Fast Two-Dimensional Detection of Proton Therapy Beams (2012)

The Micromesh Gaseous Structure, or Micromegas, is a technology developed for high count-rate applications in high-energy physics experiments. Tests using a Micromegas chamber and specially designed amplifiers and readout electronics adapted to the requirements of the proton therapy environment and providing both excellent time and high spatial resolution are presented here. The device was irradiated at the Roberts Proton Therapy Center at the University of Pennsylvania. The system was operated with ionization gains between 10 and 200 and in low and intermediate dose-rate beams, and the digitized signal is found to be reproducible to 0.8%. Spatial resolution is determined to be 1.1 mm (1 σ ) with a 1 ms time resolution. We resolve the range modulator wheel rotational frequency and the thicknesses of its segments and show that this information can be quickly measured owing to the high time resolution of the system. Systems of this type will be extremely useful in future treatment methods involving beams that change rapidly in time and spatial position. The Micromegas design resolves the high dose rate within a proton Bragg peak, and measurements agree with Geant4 simulations to within 5%.
Synthesis of infectious human papillomavirus type 18 in differentiating epithelium transfected with viral DNA (1997)

The lack of a permissive system for the propagation of viral stocks containing abundant human papillomavirus (HPV) particles has hindered the study of infectivity and the early stages of HPV replication. The organotypic (raft) culture system has permitted the study of a number of the differentiation-specific aspects of HPV, including amplification of viral DNA, expression of late genes, and viral morphogenesis. However, these investigations have been limited to a single virus type, namely, HPV type 31 (HPV31). We have artificially introduced linearized HPV18 genomic DNA into primary keratinocytes by electroporation, followed by clonal expansion and induction of epithelial stratification and differentiation in organotypic culture. We report the synthesis of infectious HPV18 virions. Virus particles approximately 50 nm in diameter were observed by electron microscopy. HPV18 virions purified by isopycnic gradient were capable of infecting keratinocytes in vitro, as shown by the expression of multiple HPV18-specific, spliced transcripts.
Single-Shot Optical Neural Network (2022)

As deep neural networks (DNNs) grow to solve increasingly complex problems, they are becoming limited by the latency and power consumption of existing digital processors. For improved speed and energy efficiency, specialized analog optical and electronic hardware has been proposed, however, with limited scalability (input vector length $K$ of hundreds of elements). Here, we present a scalable, single-shot-per-layer analog optical processor that uses free-space optics to reconfigurably distribute an input vector and integrated optoelectronics for static, updatable weighting and the nonlinearity -- with $K \approx 1,000$ and beyond. We experimentally test classification accuracy of the MNIST handwritten digit dataset, achieving 94.7% (ground truth 96.3%) without data preprocessing or retraining on the hardware. We also determine the fundamental upper bound on throughput ($\sim$0.9 exaMAC/s), set by the maximum optical bandwidth before significant increase in error. Our combination of wide spectral and spatial bandwidths in a CMOS-compatible system enables highly efficient computing for next-generation DNNs.
Heparin Dodecasaccharide Containing Two Antithrombin-binding Pentasaccharides (2013)

The antithrombin (AT) binding properties of heparin and low molecular weight heparins are strongly associated to the presence of the pentasaccharide sequence AGA*IA (A(NAc,6S)-GlcUA-A(NS,3,6S)-I(2S)-A(NS,6S)). By using the highly chemoselective depolymerization to prepare new ultra low molecular weight heparin and coupling it with the original separation techniques, it was possible to isolate a polysaccharide with a biosynthetically unexpected structure and excellent antithrombotic properties. It consisted of a dodecasaccharide containing an unsaturated uronate unit at the nonreducing end and two contiguous AT-binding sequences separated by a nonsulfated iduronate residue. This novel oligosaccharide was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and its binding with AT was determined by fluorescence titration, NMR, and LC-MS. The dodecasaccharide displayed a significantly increased anti-FXa activity compared with those of the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, and low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin.
Photonic-Enabled RF Canceller for In-Band Full-Duplex 5G Networks (2018)

Future 5G wireless networks can benefit from the use of in-band full-duplex technologies that allow access to previously unused spectrum by suppressing consequential self-interference. While this interference mitigation is typically achieved using multiple techniques, existing RF cancellation schemes can limit a system's center frequency and instantaneous bandwidth. This paper introduces a unique RF canceller design that uses photonics and a vector modulator architecture to provide a high number of canceller taps with tunable time delays, which allow the canceller to operate over wide bandwidths. A prototype of this concept was built, and successfully demonstrated more than 17 dB of cancellation over a 1 GHz bandwidth centered at 2.5 GHz by utilizing 20 tunable canceller taps.