gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Phosphorus-oxidizing Enzyme from Pseudomonas stutzeri WM88 (2001)

The ptxD gene from Pseudomonas stutzeri WM88 encoding the novel phosphorus oxidizing enzyme NAD:phosphite oxidoreductase (trivial name phosphite dehydrogenase, PtxD) was cloned into an expression vector and overproduced in Escherichia coli. The heterologously produced enzyme is indistinguishable from the native enzyme based on mass spectrometry, amino-terminal sequencing, and specific activity analyses. Recombinant PtxD was purified to homogeneity via a two-step affinity protocol and characterized. The enzyme stoichiometrically produces NADH and phosphate from NAD and phosphite. The reverse reaction was not observed. Gel filtration analysis of the purified protein is consistent with PtxD acting as a homodimer. PtxD has a high affinity for its substrates with Km values of 53.1 +/- 6.7 microm and 54.6 +/- 6.7 microm, for phosphite and NAD, respectively. Vmax and kcat were determined to be 12.2 +/- 0.3 micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) and 440 min(-1). NADP can substitute poorly for NAD; however, none of the numerous compounds examined were able to substitute for phosphite. Initial rate studies in the absence or presence of products and in the presence of the dead end inhibitor sulfite are most consistent with a sequential ordered mechanism for the PtxD reaction, with NAD binding first and NADH being released last. Amino acid sequence comparisons place PtxD as a new member of the d-2-hydroxyacid NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, the only one to have an inorganic substrate. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed biochemical study on an enzyme capable of direct oxidation of a reduced phosphorus compound.
An efficient particle filter with variable number of particles for bearings-only tracking (2010)

In this paper, the observability in BOT problem is analyzed and defined in form of leg by leg, the basic relationship between observability and the number of particles is opened out, and a fast particle filter with variable number of particles which calculated by this relationship is proposed to adopt the observability in BOT to save the computation resource. The simulation results show that the definition of observability accords with the reality and the proposed method decreases the computation time while remaining the tracking quality.
The Epithelial Mg2+ Channel Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 6 Is Regulated by Dietary Mg2+ Content and Estrogens (2006)

The kidney is the principal organ responsible for the regulation of the body Mg(2+) balance. Identification of the gene defect in hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia recently elucidated transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) as the gatekeeper in transepithelial Mg(2+) transport, whereas its homolog, TRPM7, is implicated in cellular Mg(2+) homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the tissue distribution in mouse and regulation of TRPM6 and TRPM7 by dietary Mg(2+) and hormones. This study demonstrates that TRPM6 is expressed predominantly in kidney, lung, cecum, and colon, whereas TRPM7 is distributed ubiquitously. Dietary Mg(2+) restriction in mice resulted in hypomagnesemia and renal Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) conservation, whereas a Mg(2+)-enriched diet led to increased urinary Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) excretion. Conversely, Mg(2+) restriction significantly upregulated renal TRPM6 mRNA levels, whereas a Mg(2+) enriched diet increased TRPM6 mRNA expression in colon. Dietary Mg(2+) did not alter TRPM7 mRNA expression in mouse kidney and colon. In addition, it was demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol but not 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) or parathyroid hormone regulates TRPM6 renal mRNA levels. Renal TRPM7 mRNA abundance remained unaltered under these conditions. The renal TRPM6 mRNA level in ovariectomized rats was significantly reduced, whereas 17beta-estradiol treatment normalized TRPM6 mRNA levels. In conclusion, kidney, lung, cecum, and colon likely constitute the main sites of active Mg(2+) (re)absorption in the mouse. In addition, Mg(2+) restriction and 17beta-estradiol upregulated renal TRPM6 mRNA levels, whereas a Mg(2+)-enriched diet stimulated TRPM6 mRNA expression in colon, supporting the gatekeeper function of TRPM6 in transepithelial Mg(2+) transport.
Synthesis of <sup>14</sup>C‐labelled 1‐methanesulphonyl‐3‐(1‐methyl‐5‐nitro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐YL)‐2‐imidazolidinone, (Go 10213) (1983)

Abstract For pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies in animals and humans, Go 10213 was labelled with carbon‐14 at the 2‐position of the 5‐nitroimidazole ring system, in an overall yield of 22% starting with potassium[ 14 C]‐thiocyanate. The labelled compound had a specific activity of 4.65 μCi/mg or 1.34 mCi/mmol.
Total synthesis of (+)-CC-1065 and ent-(-)-CC-1065 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (+)-CC-1065 and ent-(-)-CC-1065Dale L. Boger and Robert S. ColemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4, 1321–1323Publication Date (Print):February 17, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00212a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00212a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views733Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of ad-hoc routing protocols under a peer-to-peer application (2004)

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and peer-to-peer (P2P) applications are emerging technologies based on the same paradigm: the peer-to-peer paradigm. Motivated, respectively, by the necessity of executing applications in environments with no previous infra-structure and the demand for applications that share, in a satisfying manner, files through the Internet, MANETs and P2P applications have brought onto themselves some interest from the community. As a characteristic of the distributed model which they follow, such technologies face a difficult task of routing requests in a decentralized environment. In this paper, we conducted a detailed study of a Gnutella-like application running over a mobile ad-hoc network where three different protocols were considered. The results show that each of the protocols analyzed performed well in some scenarios for some metrics yet had drawbacks in others.
Apoptosis induction of U937 human leukemia cells by diallyl trisulfide induces through generation of reactive oxygen species (2012)

The present study reveals that the cytotoxicity caused by DATS is mediated by generation of ROS and subsequent activation of the ROS-dependent caspase pathway in U937 leukemia cells.
Locating bridging faults using dynamically computed stuck-at fault dictionaries (1998)

Novel algorithms for locating bridging faults, based on the voting and wired models, in combinational circuits are presented. The algorithm uses small portions of the stuck-at fault dictionary, not the bridge fault dictionary, computed during fault location. This, along with an implicit representation of bridging faults, contributes significantly to the efficiency of the algorithm. Experimental evaluation of the algorithm on ISCAS circuits is presented.
Precision and type I error rate in the presence of genotype errors and missing parental data: a comparison between the original transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and TDTae statistics (2005)

Because missing parental genotypes and undetected genotype errors are unknown to the investigator, but are expected to be increasingly prevalent in multilocus datasets, we strongly recommend TDTae methods as a standard procedure, particularly where stricter significance levels are required.
Chapter 5: Physics of energetic ions (1999)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Automatically interpreting all faults, unconformities, and horizons from 3D seismic images (2016)

Extracting fault, unconformity, and horizon surfaces from a seismic image is useful for interpretation of geologic structures and stratigraphic features. Although others automate the extraction of each type of these surfaces to some extent, it is difficult to automatically interpret a seismic image with all three types of surfaces because they could intersect with each other. For example, horizons can be especially difficult to extract from a seismic image complicated by faults and unconformities because a horizon surface can be dislocated at faults and terminated at unconformities. We have proposed a processing procedure to automatically extract all the faults, unconformities, and horizon surfaces from a 3D seismic image. In our processing, we first extracted fault surfaces, estimated fault slips, and undid the faulting in the seismic image. Then, we extracted unconformities from the unfaulted image with continuous reflectors across faults. Finally, we used the unconformities as constraints for image flattening and horizon extraction. Most of the processing was image processing or array processing and was achieved by efficiently solving partial differential equations. We used a 3D real example with faults and unconformities to demonstrate the entire image processing.
Content Based Retrieval and Navigation of Music (1999)

Contents 1 Introduction ................................................... 3 2 Literature Review .............................................. 4 2.1 Navigation ............................................... 4 2.2 Navigation of audio ........................................ 4 2.3 Contentrepresentations ..................................... 5 2.3.1 The musical score ................................... 6 2.3.2 Performance data .................................... 6 2.3.3 Musical pitch contours ................................ 6 2.3.4 Alternative representations ............................ 7 2.3.5 The Fourier transform ................................ 7 2.4 Content based retrieval ..................................... 8 2.4.1 Retrieval of digital audio samples ....................... 8 2.4.2 Query by humming .................................. 8 2.4.3 Lemstrm and Laine ................................. 9 2.4.4 Image matching techniq
Signal Processing on Digitized Ladar Waveforms for Enhanced Resolution on Surface Edges (2021)

Automatic target recognition (ATR) relies on images from various sensors including 3-D imaging ladar. The accuracy of recognizing a target is highly dependent on the number of points on the target. The highest spatial frequencies of a target are located on edges. Therefore, a higher sampling density is desirable at these locations. A ladar receiver captures information on edges by detecting two surfaces when the beam lands partially on one surface and partially on another if the distance between the surfaces is greater than the temporal pulse width of the laser. In recent years, the ability to digitize the intensity of the light seen at the ladar receiver has led to digitized ladar waveforms that can be post-processed. Post-processing the data allows signal processing techniques to be implemented on stored waveforms. The digitized waveform provides more information than simply a range from the sensor to the target and the intensity of received light. Complex surfaces change the shape of the return. This thesis exploits this information to enhance the resolution on the edges of targets in the 3-D image or point cloud. First, increased range resolution is obtained by means of deconvolution. This allows two surfaces to be detected even if the distance between them is less than the width of the transmitted pulse. Second, the locations of multiple returns within the ladar beam footprint are computed. Using deconvolution on the received waveform, an increase from 30 cm to 14 cm in range resolution is reported. Error on these measurements has a 2 cm standard deviation. A method for estimating the width of a 19 cm slot was reported to have a standard deviation of 3.44 cm. A method for angle estimation from a single waveform was developed. This method showed a 1.4° standard deviation on a 75° surface. Processed point clouds show sharper edges than the originals. The processing method presented in this thesis enhances the resolution on the edges of targets where it is needed. As a result, the high spatial frequency content of edges is better represented. While ATR applications may benefit from this thesis, other applications such as 3-D object modeling may benefit from better representation of edges as well.
Rational Application Developer V7.5 Programming Guide (2009)

IBM® Rational® Application Developer for WebSphere® Software v7.5 (Application Developer, for short) is the full function Eclipse 3.4 based development platform for developing Java™ Standard Edition Version 6 (Java SE 6) and Java Enterprise Edition Version 5 (Java EE 5) applications with a focus on applications to be deployed to IBM WebSphere Application Server and IBM WebSphere Portal. Rational Application Developer provides integrated development tools for all development roles, including Web developers, Java developers, business analysts, architects, and enterprise programmers.
Modeling Creep Behavior of Fiber Composites (1989)

A micromechanical model for the creep behavior of fiber composites is de veloped based on a typical cell consisting of a fiber and the surrounding matrix. The fiber is assumed to be linearly elastic and the matrix nonlinearly viscous. The creep strain rate in the matrix is assumed to be a function of stress. The nominal stress-strain relations are derived in the form of differential equations which are solved numerically for off-axis specimens under uniaxial loading. A potential function and the associated effective stress and effective creep strain rates are introduced to simplify the orthotropic relations.
Galectin-3-Mediated Glial Crosstalk Drives Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and (Re)myelination (2018)

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is the only chimeric protein in the galectin family. Gal-3 structure comprises unusual tandem repeats of proline and glycine-rich short stretches bound to a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). The present review summarizes Gal-3 functions in the extracellular and intracellular space, its regulation and its internalization and secretion, with a focus on the current knowledge of Gal-3 role in central nervous system (CNS) health and disease, particularly oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation, myelination and remyelination in experimental models of multiple sclerosis (MS). During myelination, microglia-expressed Gal-3 promotes OLG differentiation by binding glycoconjugates present only on the cell surface of OLG precursor cells (OPC). During remyelination, microglia-expressed Gal-3 favors an M2 microglial phenotype, hence fostering myelin debris phagocytosis through TREM-2b phagocytic receptor and OLG differentiation. Gal-3 is necessary for myelin integrity and function, as evidenced by myelin ultrastructural and behavioral studies from <i>LGALS3<sup>-</sup></i> <sup>/</sup> <i><sup>-</sup></i> mice. Mechanistically, Gal-3 enhances actin assembly and reduces Erk 1/2 activation, leading to early OLG branching. Gal-3 later induces Akt activation and increases MBP expression, promoting gelsolin release and actin disassembly and thus regulating OLG final differentiation. Altogether, findings indicate that Gal-3 mediates the glial crosstalk driving OLG differentiation and (re)myelination and may be regarded as a target in the design of future therapies for a variety of demyelinating diseases.
Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy in a Sheep Model of Tay–Sachs Disease (2017)

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (HexA). TSD also occurs in sheep, the only experimental model of TSD that has clinical signs of disease. The natural history of sheep TSD was characterized using serial neurological evaluations, 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiograms, electrodiagnostics, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Intracranial gene therapy was also tested using AAVrh8 monocistronic vectors encoding the α-subunit of Hex (TSD α) or a mixture of two vectors encoding both the α and β subunits separately (TSD α + β) injected at high (1.3 × 10<sup>13</sup> vector genomes) or low (4.2 × 10<sup>12</sup> vector genomes) dose. Delay of symptom onset and/or reduction of acquired symptoms were noted in all adeno-associated virus-treated sheep. Postmortem evaluation showed superior HexA and vector genome distribution in the brain of TSD α + β sheep compared to TSD α sheep, but spinal cord distribution was low in all groups. Isozyme analysis showed superior HexA formation after treatment with both vectors (TSD α + β), and ganglioside clearance was most widespread in the TSD α + β high-dose sheep. Microglial activation and proliferation in TSD sheep-most prominent in the cerebrum-were attenuated after gene therapy. This report demonstrates therapeutic efficacy for TSD in the sheep brain, which is on the same order of magnitude as a child's brain.
[Changes of serum lipids after soy isoflavone and calcium supplementation in postmenopausal Chinese women with different ER-beta genotypes]. (2011)

To observe the change of blood lipids after one-year of soy isoflavone and calcium supplementation in postmenopausal Chinese women with different ER-beta genotypes.Sixty postmenopausal women with normal serum lipid levels but with bone loss or even osteoporosis were selected from Wuhan. The ER-beta genotypes of subjects were identified. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, group I was given 440 mg/d calcium and VD 100 IU/d and group II was given calcium 440 mg/d, VD 100 IU/d and soy isoflavone 100mg/d for one year. Serum lipids, including TG, CHO, LDL and HDL were measured before and 12 months after intervention.Total cholesterol was decreased both in group I and group II (P <0. 05). The change of serum TG was significantly different between group I and group II in subjects with Rr/rr genotype (0. 20 +/- 0. 41 and 0. 44 +/- 0. 93, P <0. 05).Rational intervention with calcium and soy isoflavone for postmenopausal women might be in favor of their health in bone and blood lipids metabolism, but the effects might be varied by different ER-beta genotypes.
Antimetastatic action of RX-RA 69, a new potent PDE-inhibitor in the Lewis lung carcinoma of the mouse. (1982)

RX-RA 69, a pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative, is a new potent PDA-inhibitor which inhibits tumor cell induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Also ex vivo an inhibition was found after pretreating mice with 1 mg/kg RX-RA 69 orally one hour before collecting the blood. The same dosage is able to prevent the drop in platelet count induced by injecting a large number of tumor cells into mice. The same dosage schedule in the amputation experiment resulted in a reduction of incidence of matastases in all treated groups; the best results, however, were obtained by starting the treatment two days after the amputation. In the spontaneous model an inhibition of metastases formation by 10-20 mg/kg RX-RA 69 starting from the fourth day after tumor cell implantation was found in four independent experiments. The mechanism of the antimetastatic action of this drug remains to be evaluated.
Heuristic minimization of BDDs using don't cares (1994)

We present heuristic algorithms for finding a minimum BDD size cover of an incompletely specified function, assuming the variable ordering is fixed. In some algorithms based on BDDs, incompletely specified functions arise for which any cover of the function will suffice. Choosing a cover that has a small BDD representation may yield significant performance gains. We present a systematic study of this problem, establishing a unified framework for heuristic algorithms, proving optimality in some cases,and presenting experimental results.
Estrogen regulation of protein expression and signaling pathways in the heart (2014)

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease and cardiac physiology have been reported in humans as well as in animal models. Premenopausal women have reduced cardiovascular disease compared to men, but the incidence of cardiovascular disease in women increases following menopause. Sex differences in cardiomyocytes likely contribute to the differences in male-female physiology and response to disease. Sex differences in the heart have been noted in electrophysiology, contractility, signaling, metabolism, and cardioprotection. These differences appear to be due, at least in part, to differences in gene and protein expression as well as in posttranslational protein modifications. This review will focus primarily on estrogen-mediated male-female differences in protein expression and signaling pathways in the heart and cardiac cells. It should be emphasized that these basic differences are not intrinsically beneficial or detrimental per se; the difference can be good or bad depending on the context and circumstances.
Root respiration in citrus acclimates to temperature and slows during drought (1997)

ABSTRACT Citrus seedlings were grown in soil columns in which the root system was hydraulically separated into two equal layers; this enabled us to maintain roots in the upper layer without water for 110 d. The columns were placed into waterbaths modified so that soil temperatures in the top layer could be maintained at 25°C or at 35°C, while temperature in the bottom layer was maintained at 25°C. We hypothesized that, if citrus plants were grown in dry soil for an extended period, root mortality would increase if the cost of maintaining the roots was increased by elevating the soil temperature. However, during the drought period we did not observe any root mortality, even at the higher soil temperature. Moreover, we did not find that root respiration was increased by prolonged exposure to drought and higher soil temperature. We did find that root respiration rates slowed in dry soil. Furthermore, when the soil columns were switched from one temperature treatment to another, root respiration rates in wet soil rapidly increased when moved to a higher temperature or rapidly decreased when moved to a lower temperature. But after only 4 d, respiration rates returned to their original level; root respiration in dry soil was not affected by either short‐or long‐term shifts in soil temperature. Root respiration in citrus appears to acclimate rapidly to changes in soil temperature.
Vorticity Generation in Slow Cooling Flows (1997)

We show that any generic nonadiabatic slow flow of ideal compressible fluid develops a significant vorticity. As an example, an initially irrotational conductive cooling flow (CF) is considered. A perturbation theory for the vorticity generation is developed that employs, as a zero order solution, a novel two-dimensional similarity solution. Full gasdynamic simulations of this CF demonstrate the vorticity generation and support the theory. The relevance of this problem to the experiments with the ``hot channels'' is discussed.