gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superconductivity and electric field effect of 90 degree grain boundaries in YBa2Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ thin films (1997)

A three terminal device was fabricated by depositing YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO) thin films containing 90 degree grain boundaries which was covered with a SrTiO/sub 3/ gate layer and an Au gate electrode. YBCO thin films were grown by bi-epitaxial process on LaSrGaO/sub 4/(100) substrate. The resistance versus temperature curve of the YBCO microbridge containing 90 degree grain boundaries showed double resistive transitions. This result was interpreted by the weak link effect of 90 degree grain boundaries in YBCO thin films. A large electric field effect on 90 degree grain boundaries was observed. The superconducting transition temperature of the 90 degree grain boundaries was modulated up to 11.4% by applying an electric field of 4/spl times/10/sup 4/ V/cm.
Antibodies to HPV-16 E6 and E7 proteins as markers for HPV-16-associated invasive cervical cancer (1992)

Transforming proteins E6 and E7 of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are consistently expressed in HPV-associated cervical cancers. In ELISA with four HPV-16 E6-E7 peptides, patients with HPV-16-associated invasive cervical cancer (group 1) had a greater seroreactivity than all other groups, which included patients with HPV-16-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive cervical cancer patients without HPVs, and unaffected controls. A larger proportion of group 1 sera, as compared to sera of all other groups, was reactive with at least one peptide (49% vs 17-27%), and with two or more peptides (22% vs 0-6%). A clear difference between group 1 and all other groups was also found for high ELISA absorbance values to at least one peptide (22% vs 0-8%). This high seroreactivity of group 1 sera was confirmed by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay with in vitro transcribed and translated HPV-16 E7 protein. Sera from 50% of group 1 but only 3% of controls were reactive in this test. Antibodies to HPV-16 E6 and E7 proteins appear to be virus-specific and disease state-specific markers of HPV-associated cervical cancer.
Autocrine control of milk secretion by a milk protein (1993)

The rate of milk secretion is controlled acutely by the frequency and completeness of milk removal from the mammary gland. Numerous experiments in dairy animals have shown that this acute control is exerted locally within each gland, rather than by circulating galactopoietic hormones (Wilde & Peaker, 1990). Local regulation of milk secretion by milk removal is not related to physical distension of the gland by accumulated milk (Henderson & Peaker, 1984), but is instead the result of changes in the degree of chemical feedback inhibition exerted by a secreted milk constituent. Proteins that may act as feedback inhibitors of lactation (FIL) have been isolated from goat's milk (Addey et al , 1991a), cow's milk (Addey et al , 1991b) and human milk (Wilde, unpublished work) on the basis of their ability to inhibit synthesis of milk constituents in a rabbit tissue explant bioassay (Wilde et al , 1987a).
Software bundling selection for Cloud virtual machine images (2013)

Organisations and end-users are increasingly using Cloud resources to take advantage of the anticipated benefits of a more cost effective and agile IT infrastructure. Virtual machines are provisioned based on a selection of available images, which often contain the operating system and the software stack required by applications. When managing an image library, some of the challenges faced by a resource provider include (i) identifying the optimal number of virtual machine images that satisfy most user requirements, and (ii) bundling software systems into images to minimise the time to provision virtual machines and ease the selection of images from an end-user's perspective. Using a traditional data centre workload, this paper proposes an algorithm for selecting software bundles for virtual machine images and examines the impact of bundle selection on the number and characteristics of resulting images. The main finding is that creating a small set of virtual machine images packed with the most popular software systems is enough to drastically reduce the time to deploy the software stack required by applications, and hence minimise the time for provisioning virtual servers in a Cloud infrastructure.
Faulty chip identification in a multi chip module system (2002)

A built-in self test scheme for multi chip module (MCM) systems based on data compression is presented which not only detects faults but also identifies the faulty chip. It is assumed that a faulty chip may generate many erroneous outputs. In this approach outputs from all the chips in the MCM are compressed into two bits using two linear space compressors and compared with two reference signals generated for a fault free system in a comparator. If they differ fault is detected and the faulty chip is identified using N consecutive outputs from the comparators, where N=log/sub 2/(M+1) and M denotes the number of chips in the MCM. The approach can be implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) which can be part of an MCM. Multiple chip failures can be identified as long as the faults do not overlap during the N consecutive test patterns.
I can attend a meeting too! Towards a human-like telepresence avatar robot to attend meeting on your behalf (2020)

Telepresence robots are used in various forms in various use-cases that helps to avoid physical human presence at the scene of action. In this work, we focus on a telepresence robot that can be used to attend a meeting remotely with a group of people. Unlike a one-to-one meeting, participants in a group meeting can be located at a different part of the room, especially in an informal setup. As a result, all of them may not be at the viewing angle of the robot, a.k.a. the remote participant. In such a case, to provide a better meeting experience, the robot should localize the speaker and bring the speaker at the center of the viewing angle. Though sound source localization can easily be done using a microphone-array, bringing the speaker or set of speakers at the viewing angle is not a trivial task. First of all, the robot should react only to a human voice, but not to the random noises. Secondly, if there are multiple speakers, to whom the robot should face or should it rotate continuously with every new speaker? Lastly, most robotic platforms are resource-constrained and to achieve a real-time response, i.e., avoiding network delay, all the algorithms should be implemented within the robot itself. This article presents a study and implementation of an attention shifting scheme in a telepresence meeting scenario which best suits the needs and expectations of the collocated and remote attendees. We define a policy to decide when a robot should rotate and how much based on real-time speaker localization. Using user satisfaction study, we show the efficacy and usability of our system in the meeting scenario. Moreover, our system can be easily adapted to other scenarios where multiple people are located.
A Temperature Optical Fiber Sensor Network: From Laboratory Feasibility To Field Trial (1992)

In recent years there has been considerable interest shown in the optical sensor design and multiplexing concepts. Optical fiber sensors have been successfully demonstrated for a variety of physical fields. The aim of our study was to demonstrate a temperature optical fiber sensor network for electrical engineering applications and especially for AC generators. The need was to monitor individually the temperature of the water boxes of the stator bars, and therefore, optical fiber sensors were attractive candidates due to their immunity to the high electric fields encountered inside these generators. Moreover, as you can have up to 200 points to monitor, we needed a sensor concept compatible with a multiplexing technique.
Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses Lacking the C-Terminal Third of the Attachment (G) Protein Are Immunogenic and Attenuated In Vivo and In Vitro (2004)

The design of attenuated vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) historically focused on viruses made sensitive to physiologic temperature through point mutations in the genome. These prototype vaccines were not suitable for human infants primarily because of insufficient attenuation, genetic instability, and reversion to a less-attenuated phenotype. We therefore sought to construct novel attenuated viruses with less potential for reversion through genetic alteration of the attachment G protein. Complete deletion of G protein was previously shown to result in RSV strains overly attenuated for replication in mice. Using reverse genetics, recombinant RSV (rRSV) strains were engineered with truncations at amino acid 118, 174, 193, or 213 and respectively designated rA2cpDeltaG118, rA2cpDeltaG174, rA2cpDeltaG193, and rA2cpDeltaG213. All rA2cpDeltaG strains were attenuated for growth in vitro and in the respiratory tracts of BALB/c mice but not restricted for growth at 37 degrees C. The mutations did not significantly affect nascent genome synthesis in human lung epithelial (A549) cells, but infectious rA2cpDeltaG virus shed into the culture medium was dramatically diminished. Hence, the data suggested that a site within the C-terminal 85 amino acids of G protein is important for efficient genome packaging or budding of RSV from the infected cell. Vaccination with the rA2cpDeltaG strains also generated efficacious immune responses in mice that were similar to those elicited by the temperature-sensitive cpts248/404 strain previously tested in human infants. Collectively, the data indicate that the rA2cpDeltaG strains are immunogenic, not likely to revert to the less-attenuated phenotype, and thus candidates for further development as vaccines against RSV.
Lithographic applications of conducting polymers (1991)

Electrically conducting polyaniline is found to be suitable for several lithographic applications. Because the polyaniline is not significantly soluble in the conducting state, the material has generally been processed by first applying the soluble, nonconducting version of the material, and in a second step externally doping the polymer film with aqueous acids. We have eliminated the need for this type of external doping by developing methods of inducing the doping in a dry fashion in situ in the polymer. This is accomplished by incorporating onium salts or amine triflate salts in the polyaniline which decompose upon radiation or thermal treatment, respectively, to generate the active dopant species, i.e., protonic acids. The use of these in situ dopants simplifies the processing of the conducting polyaniline and makes the material more convenient for lithographic applications. With the use of onium salts, the polyaniline is made into a high resolution negative conducting resist. 0.25 μm conducting lines have been patterned with e-beam radiation. Polyaniline is found to be an effective discharge layer for e-beam lithography and a removable discharge layer for the high resolution inspection and dimensional measurements of x-ray and optical masks by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the polyaniline can be used for both electrolytic and electroless-type metallization processes.
PWM inverter controlled by a small saturable core (1987)

A sinusoidal PWM inverter with MOSFETs controlled by an extremely small magnetic core is presented, which is simple and of high efficiency under high frequency switching. The circuit is based on the principle of the transistor core multivibrator. However the saturable core is used for PWM in the gate drive circuit. This inverter is especially suitable for small UPS system.
Intense terahertz generation based on the photo-Dember effect (2010)

We demonstrate a new scheme for generating THz radiation based on the photo-Dember effect in lateral geometry. By micro-structuring a semiconductor surface we achieve strongly enhanced THz emission comparable to high-efficiency externally biased photoconductive emitters.
Effect of Scaffold Design on Bone Morphology <i>In Vitro</i> (2006)

Silk fibroin is an important polymer for scaffold designs, forming biocompatible and mechanically robust biomaterials for bone, cartilage, and ligament tissue engineering. In the present work, 3D biomaterial matrices were fabricated from silk fibroin with controlled pore diameter and pore interconnectivity, and utilized to engineer bone starting from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Osteogenic differentiation of hMSC seeded on these scaffolds resulted in extensive mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the formation of interconnected trabecular- or cortical-like mineralized networks as a function of the scaffold design utilized; allowing mineralized features of the tissue engineered bone to be dictated by the scaffold features used initially in the cell culture process. This approach to scaffold predictors of tissue structure expands the window of applications for silk fibroin-based biomaterials into the realm of directing the formation of complex tissue architecture. As a result of slow degradation inherent to silk fibroin, scaffolds preserved their initial morphology and provided a stable template during the mineralization phase of stem cells progressing through osteogenic differentiation and new extracellular matrix formation. The slow degradation feature also facilitated transport throughout the 3D scaffolds to foster improved homogeneity of new tissue, avoiding regions with decreased cellular density. The ability to direct bone morphology via scaffold design suggests new options in the use of biodegradable scaffolds to control in vitro engineered bone tissue outcomes.
Comparison of instantaneous frequency analysis methods for acoustic detection of coronary artery disease (2011)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic illness of the cardiovascular system that progressively diminishes the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart. The acoustic method of CAD diagnosis is safe, inexpensive and easy to administer and could be suitable as an early screening tool. However, few studies have shown clinically significant accuracy using this method. The Hilbert-Huang transform, an instantaneous frequency (IF) analysis method, has been shown to distinguish normal and diseased subjects with high accuracy. Recently, more accurate methods of IF analysis, such as direct quadrature and a normalized HH transform, have been proposed. In this study the HH transform was compared with direct quadrature and the normalized HH transform to determine if this new IF estimation method improved signal classification. Each method was used to analyze acoustic signals from 16 normal and 15 diseased subjects. None of the tested analysis methods appeared superior. The highest accuracy measurement was skewness of the IF, as derived through the HH transform. This measure retrospectively classified subjects with 74% accuracy and a sensitivity-specificity of 67%-81%.
Growth and characterization of epitaxial cubic boron nitride films on silicon (1991)

We report the growth of boron nitride films on (001) faces of silicon using the method of pulsed-excimer-laser ablation. The structure of the deposited films is cubic zinc blende with a lattice constant of 3.619 \AA{}. The films were found to be heteroepitaxial with the cubic BN〈100〉 axes parallel to Si〈100〉, as characterized by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We find evidence for an unusual 3:2 commensurate lattice matching.
Antiulcer agents. 4. Conformational considerations and the antiulcer activity of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and related analogs (1989)

Definition of the interrelationship between the conformational characteristics of a series of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and their antiulcer activity was investigated by examining the conformational properties of 3-cyano-2-methyl-8-(phenylmethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (1), using a variety of experimental and theoretical methods. The results of these studies was the identification of two distinctly different candidates, designated the "folded" and the "extended" conformation, respectively, to represent the two possible minimum-energy conformations of 1. In order to select the biologically relevant conformer, a group of 3-substituted 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, having either a cis or a trans 2-phenylethenyl substituent at the 8-position were designed as conceptually simple and synthetically accessible semirigid analogues of the respective candidate conformers. Gastric antisecretory activity was found to reside only in the trans isomers (compounds 11, 15, and 17), which mimic the "extended" conformation. This observation led to the construction of 8,9-dihydro-2-methyl-9-phenyl-7H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrano[2,3-c]pyridi ne-3- acetonitrile (40), a rigid tricyclic analogue that is effectively locked in the "extended" conformation and that exhibited an antiulcer profile comparable to that of prototype 1. These results unequivocally demonstrate that, in accord with expectation for a drug operating at a specific receptor, the conformational characteristics of the molecule have a substantial effect in determining its antiulcer activity. More precisely, it has been demonstrated that it is the "extended" conformation of 1 that represents the "bioactive" form of the drug. These results constitute the basis for a molecular probe that should aid in the investigation of the as yet uncharacterized gastric proton pump enzyme (H+/K+-ATPase), by means of which 1 and its analogues presumably exert their pharmacologic actions.
Selektive Acylierungen von 3(5)‐Alkyl‐5(3)‐amino‐1<i>H</i>‐pyrazolen und eine neue Pyrazolo[5,1‐<i>c</i>]‐1,2,4‐triazol‐Synthese (1994)

Selective Acylations of 3(5)‐Alkyl‐5(3)‐amino‐1 H ‐pyrazoles and a New Pyrazolo[5,1‐ c ]‐1,2,4‐triazole Synthesis ( Z )‐5‐Amino‐1‐[1‐(hydroximino)alkyl]‐1 H ‐pyrazoles 3 have been synthesized by acylation of 3(5)‐alkyl‐5(3)‐amino‐1 H ‐pyrazoles 1 with nitrile oxides. The tosylation of the hydroxyimino group of 3 to ( Z )‐5‐amino‐1‐[1‐( p ‐tosyloximino)alkyl]‐1 H ‐pyrazoles 4 and the subsequent acetylation of the 5‐amino group give ( E )‐ and ( Z )‐5‐acetamido‐1‐[1‐( p ‐tosyloximino)alkyl]‐1 H ‐pyrazoles 5 , which undergo cyclization under basic conditions to pyrazolo[5,1‐ c ]‐1,2,4‐triazoles 6, 7 or 8 .
Establishing the Framework for Fabrication of a Bioartificial Heart (2015)

There is a chronic shortage of donor hearts. The ability to fabricate complete bioartificial hearts (BAHs) may be an alternative solution. The current study describes a method to support the fabrication and culture of BAHs. Rat hearts were isolated and subjected to a detergent based decellularization protocol to remove all cellular components, leaving behind an intact extracellular matrix. Primary cardiac cells were isolated from neonatal rat hearts, and direct cell transplantation was used to populate the acellular scaffolds. Bioartificial hearts were maintained in a custom fabrication gravity fed perfusion culture system to support media delivery. The functional performance of BAHs was assessed based on left ventricle pressure and on electrocardiogram. Furthermore, BAHs were sectioned and stained for the whole heart cardiac tissue distribution and for cardiac molecules, such as α-actinin, cardiac troponin I, collagen type I, connexin 43, von Willebrand factor, and ki67. Bioartificial hearts replicated a partial subset of properties of natural rat hearts. The current study provided a method for fabrication of a BAH and revealed challenges toward BAH fabrication with functional performance metrics of natural mammalian hearts.
55.2: Bit‐Depth‐Extension: Overcoming LCD‐Driver Limitations by Using Models of the Equivalent Input Noise of the Visual System (2004)

Abstract Continuous tone, or “contone”, imagery usually has 24 bits/pixel as a minimum, with eight bits each for the three primaries in typical displays. However, lower‐cost displays constrain this number because of various system limitations. Conversely, higher quality displays seek to achieve 9–10 bits/pixel/color, though there may be system bottlenecks limited at 8. The two main artifacts from reduced bit‐depth are contouring and loss of amplitude detail; these can be prevented by dithering the image prior to these bit‐depth losses. Early work in this area includes Roberts’ noise modulation technique [1], Mitsa's blue noise mask [2], Tyler's technique of bit‐stealing [3], and Mulligan's use of the visual system's spatiotemporal properties for spatiotemporal dithering [4]. However, most halftoning/dithering work was primarily directed to displays at the lower end of bits/pixel (e.g., 1 bit as in halftoning) and higher ppi. We approach the problem from the higher end of bits/pixel/color, say 6‐8. Bit‐depth extension with a high starting bit‐depth (and often lower spatial resolution) changes the game substantially from halftoning experience. For example, complex algorithms like error diffusion are not needed. In addition, dynamic displays allow for the use of a temporal dithering component. This paper will report on techniques and observations made in achieving contone quality on ∼100 ppi 6 bits/pixel/color LCD displays with no visible dither patterns, noise, contours, or loss of amplitude detail at viewing distances as close as the near focus limit (∼ 120 mm).
Positive selection vectors for high-fidelity PCR cloning. (2003)

The power of PCR cloning of a target DNA fragment is limited by polymerase-induced mutations. While high-fidelity PCR products can be achieved by reducing the number of PCR cycles, the cloning of the very small amount of DNA thus amplified should give only a few recombinant clones (carrying an insert), which would be very difficult to screen from thousands of background false-positive clones generated by all the currently available vectors, including the positive selection vectors. False-positive clones are mostly generated by the recircularization of linearized vectors that have lost some bases at their ends due to digestion with contaminating exonuclease activities present in restriction enzymes, ligases, polymerases, and other reagents. To overcome this problem, two positive selection vectors, pRGR1Ap and pREM5Tc, have been developed, based on the principles of reporter gene reconstruction and regulatory element modulation, respectively. A PCR primer carrying a vector-specific sequence at its 5' end is used in PCR. When the resultant PCR products are ligated to the specific vector, an antibiotic resistance gene is expressed, thus donating positive selection capability to the harboring cells in a specific selection medium. These vectors cloned PCR fragments generated from less than a femtomole quantity of Escherichia coli genomic DNA after only three cycles of PCR amplification, thus greatly reducing the number of recombinant clones containing polymerase-induced mutations.