gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ouabain-Binding Protein(s) From Human Plasma (2002)

Conservation of the binding site on mammalian Na+,K+-ATPase for cardiac glycosides and the importance of the Na+ pump in mammalian cellular physiology has stimulated the search for a mammalian analog of these plant compounds. One candidate, isolated from brain and blood, appears to be ouabain itself or a closely related isomer, the ouabain-like compound. Little is known about the circulating form. Because human steroid hormones circulate with carrier proteins, we produced a ouabain-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb 1-10) and used it to probe normal human plasma for ouabain-protein carrier complex. Ouabain-like biological activity was isolated in association with protein bands of 80, 50, and 25 kDa. These proteins appear to be human immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin-like because they are recognized by anti-human immunoglobulin antibodies, but not by anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies. The protein-containing fractions inhibit the binding of mAb 1-10 to immobilized ouabain, and with further purification on protein A, the immunoglobulin-like protein binds radioactive ouabain with an IC50 of 200 to 600 nmol/L, but binds digoxin with 100-fold less affinity, suggesting specificity for ouabain or its isomer. Active protein fractions after purification on C18 inhibit Na+ pump activity in human erythrocytes (IC50 approximately 4 nmol/L, ouabain equivalents), and this chromatography appears to dissociate the ouabain-like compound from the immunoglobulin protein(s). These immunoglobulin-like molecules may represent a subset of immunoglobulins (< or =0.5% of total protein A immunoglobulin) that function as a reservoir and delivery system for ouabain-like compounds in the modulation of human Na+, K+-ATPase in vivo.
Antagonists of alcohol inhibition of cell adhesion (2000)

Increasing evidence suggests that alcohols act within specific binding pockets of selective neural proteins; however, antagonists at these sites have not been identified. 1-Alcohols from methanol through 1-butanol inhibit with increasing potency the cell-cell adhesion mediated by the immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule L1. An abrupt cutoff exists after 1-butanol, with 1-pentanol and higher 1-alcohols showing no effect. Here, we demonstrate surprisingly strict structural requirements for alcohol inhibition of cell-cell adhesion in L1-transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells treated with BMP-7, an inducer of L1 and neural cell adhesion molecule. The target site discriminates the tertiary structure of straight-chain and branched-chain alcohols and appears to comprise both a hydrophobic binding site and an adjacent hydrophilic allosteric site. Modifications to the 2- and 3-carbon positions of 1-butanol increased potency, whereas modifications that restrict movement about the 4-carbon abolished activity. The effects of ethanol and 1-butanol on cell-cell adhesion were antagonized by 1-pentanol (IC(50) = 715 microM) and 1-octanol (IC(50) = 3.6 microM). Antagonism by 1-octanol was complete, reversible, and noncompetitive. 1-Octanol also antagonized ethanol inhibition of BMP-7 morphogenesis in NG108-15 cells. 1-Octanol and related compounds may prove useful in dissecting the role of altered cell adhesion in ethanol-induced injury of the nervous system.
Synthesis, computational studies, antimycobacterial and antibacterial properties of pyrazinoic acid–isoniazid hybrid conjugates (2019)

Benzotriazole and microwave mediated syntheses led to a new set of hybrid conjugates of pyrazinoic acid with isoniazid <i>via</i> amino acid linkers in excellent yields with retention of chirality. Microbiological screening of the synthesized conjugates revealed an exceptionally high activity against some of the pathogenic bacterial strains at low concentrations. Promising antimycobacterial properties were observed against tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Robust molecular models (2D-QSAR and 3D-pharmacophore) support the observed biological properties. Safety profile of the synthesized conjugates against human normal cell (RPE1) was evaluated by MTT technique.
Efficient Public-Key Revocation Management for Secure Smart Meter Communications Using One-Way Cryptographic Accumulators (2018)

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) forms a communication network for the collection of power data from smart meters in Smart Grid. As the communication within an AMI needs to be secure, public-key cryptography can be used to reduce the overhead of key management. However, it still has certain challenges in terms of certificate revocation and management. In particular, distribution and storage of the Certificate Revocation List (CRL), which holds the revoked certificates, is a major challenge due to its overhead. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a novel revocation management scheme by utilizing cryptographic accumulators which not only reduces the space requirements for revocation information but also enables convenient distribution of revocation information to all smart meters. We implemented this one-way cryptographic accumulator-based revocation scheme on ns- 3 using IEEE 802.11s mesh standard as a model for AMI and demonstrated its superior performance with respect to traditional methods of CRL management through extensive simulations.
The separation of ethylbenzene from <i>p</i>‐ and <i>m</i>‐xylene by extractive distillation using mixtures of polychloro compounds (1980)

Abstract The use of a single compound as the agent in modifying the apparent relative volatility in extractive distillation is well known. In the separation of ethylbenzene from para‐ and meta‐xylenes by extractive distillation, it was found that mixtures containing from two to four components were more effective than any known single compound. Hundreds of combinations of extractive agents were investigated in vapor‐liquid equilibrium stills, and from these, twenty‐seven different combinations of chlorinated organic compounds showed merit. The relative volatility of ethylbenzene to p ‐xylene is 1.06 and to m ‐xylene 1.08. The promising combinations were investigated in three glass perforated plate extractive distillation columns containing twelve, fifteen and nineteen theoretical plates, respectively. Of the twenty‐seven different extractive agents tested in the columns, sixteen yielded a relative volatility greater than 1.20. The best one, a mixture of pentachlorophenol, benzene hexachloride and 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene, gave a relative volatility of 1.27. Other combinations approaching this relative volatility are pentachlorophenol, benzene hexachloride and 2,4‐dichlorotoluene giving 1.25 and polychlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, benzene hexachloride and 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene giving 1.26, when used in the ratio of two parts of extractive agent to one part of ethylbenzene‐xylene mixture. All the extractive agents boil sufficiently above xylene to make their recovery by distillation easy and complete. Life studies showed no excessive decomposition of any of them while in use.
Indirect Presentation of Donor MHC Determinants Causes Induction of Autoimmunity to Cardiac Myosin Following Heart Transplantation (1999)

53 Recently, we have demonstrated that allotransplant-associated autoimmunity to murine cardiac myosin (CM), a tissue-specific autoantigen known to induce autoimmune myocarditis in mice, contributes to cardiac allograft rejection. Following heterotopic transplantation of A.TL hearts to singly MHC class I mismatched A/J mice, autoimmune CD4+, MHC class II (Ak)-restricted T cell and B cell responses to CM were observed in transplanted mice. Importantly, sensitization of recipient mice with CM prior to transplantation lead to accelerated rejection of allogeneic transplanted hearts and caused the rejection of syngeneic cardiac allografts. No breakdown of tolerance to CM was observed in recipient mice following syngeneic heart transplant without prior CM sensitization. Therefore, in transplant situation initial alloresponse is a prerequisite for priming heart autoimmunity. To investigate whether cardiac myosin determinants are presented by donor or recipient antigen-presenting cells (APC) (indirect vs direct presentation), A.TL mice were transplanted with BALB/c cardiac allografts. BALB/c and A.TL mice express different MHC class II molecules (H-2d and II-2k, respectively). Strong γIFN production to CM was detected in all transplanted mice (n=5). This response was shown to be blocked by anti-Ak (recipient MHC) but not by anti-Ad (donor MHC) mAb. These data show that 1) breakdown of tissue-specific autoimmunity may represent a general phenomenon, 2) the presentation of pathogenic autoimmune CM determinants is likely to occur through indirect pathway, i.e. through presentation on recipient APCs. To investigate whether possible crossreactivity between processed donor MHC peptides (indirect presentation) and self-tissue-specific determinants could account for the induction of autoimmunity to CM, A.TL (H-2Ks) mice were transplanted with A/J (H-2Kk) cardiac allografts. Following rejection recipient spleen T cells were purified and tested by ELISAspot for their response to dominant donor MHC peptide Kk 61-80 in the presence of recipient APC. High frequency of γIFN-producing T cells specific to Kk 61-80 peptide was detected in this assay. Moreover, direct immunization of A.TL mice with donor Kk peptide lead to in vivo activation of CM-specific T cells. Concomitant T cell priming to both CM and Kk 61-80 following transplantation together with in vivo crossreactivity data suggest that indirect presentation of donor MHC determinants induces breakdown of tolerance to tissue-specific autoantigens. Supported by NIH grant AI-33704 to GB.
Optical properties of photorefractive whispering gallery mode resonators (2006)

Photorefractive properties of lithium niobate and tantalate are studied in infrared using whispering gallery mode resonators. Unusual dynamics in the resonator spectra with applied light is observed.
MPLS Upstream Label Assignment for LDP (2011)

This document describes procedures for distributing upstream-assigned labels for the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP). It also describes how these procedures can be used for avoiding branch Label Switching Router (LSR) traffic replication on a LAN for LDP point-to-multipoint (P2MP) Label Switched Paths (LSPs).
Novel Injectable pH and Temperature Sensitive Block Copolymer Hydrogel (2005)

A novel pH and temperature sensitive block copolymer was prepared by adding pH sensitive moiety to temperature sensitive block copolymer. This block copolymer solution showed a reversible sol-gel transition by a small pH change in the range of pH 7.4-8.0 and also by the temperature change in the region of body temperature. The very precise molecular weight control of block copolymer and the prudential tuning of hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance were needed to control the phase diagram. This block copolymer solution forms a gel at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4 (human body). When the block copolymer solution is at room temperature and pH 8.0 as a sol state, both the temperature and pH change are needed for the gelation. This material can be employed as injectable carriers for hydrophobic drugs and proteins, etc. Gelation inside the needle can be prevented by an increase in the temperature during injection, because it does not change into the gel form with only increasing temperature. This material can be used for even a long guide catheter into the body. The block copolymer hydrogel which shows the sol-gel transition by the small pH change from pH 8.0 to pH 7.4 has merits in the delivery system for protein and cells which show cytotoxicity in acidic (below pH 6.5) or basic (above pH 8.5) conditions. This block copolymer system could be used as a template technology for injectable delivery systems.
Training Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Resistive Cross-Point\n Devices (2017)

In a previous work we have detailed the requirements to obtain a maximal\nperformance benefit by implementing fully connected deep neural networks (DNN)\nin form of arrays of resistive devices for deep learning. This concept of\nResistive Processing Unit (RPU) devices we extend here towards convolutional\nneural networks (CNNs). We show how to map the convolutional layers to RPU\narrays such that the parallelism of the hardware can be fully utilized in all\nthree cycles of the backpropagation algorithm. We find that the noise and bound\nlimitations imposed due to analog nature of the computations performed on the\narrays effect the training accuracy of the CNNs. Noise and bound management\ntechniques are presented that mitigate these problems without introducing any\nadditional complexity in the analog circuits and can be addressed by the\ndigital circuits. In addition, we discuss digitally programmable update\nmanagement and device variability reduction techniques that can be used\nselectively for some of the layers in a CNN. We show that combination of all\nthose techniques enables a successful application of the RPU concept for\ntraining CNNs. The techniques discussed here are more general and can be\napplied beyond CNN architectures and therefore enables applicability of RPU\napproach for large class of neural network architectures.\n
An Efficient Conversion of (3<i>R,</i>3<i>‘</i><i>R,</i>6<i>‘</i><i>R</i>)-Lutein to (3<i>R,</i>3<i>‘</i><i>S,</i>6<i>‘</i><i>R</i>)-Lutein (3‘-Epilutein) and (3<i>R,</i>3<i>‘</i><i>R</i>)-Zeaxanthin (2002)

Two dietary carotenoids, (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein (1) and (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin (2), and their metabolite (3R,3'S,6'R)-lutein (3'-epilutein) (3) accumulate in human serum, milk, and ocular tissues. There is increasing evidence that compounds 1 and 2 play an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Therefore, the availability of these carotenoids for metabolic studies and clinical trials is essential. Compound 1 is isolated from extracts of marigold flowers (Tagete erecta) and is commercially available, whereas 2 is only accessible by a lengthy total synthesis, and a viable method for synthesis of 3 has not yet been developed. This report describes an efficient conversion of technical grade 1 to 2 via 3. Acid-catalyzed epimerization of 1 yields an equimolar mixture of diastereomers 1 and 3. The mixture was separated by enzyme-mediated acylation with lipase AK from Pseudomonas fluorescens that preferentially esterified 3 and after alkaline hydrolysis yielded this carotenoid in 90% diastereomeric excess (de). Compound 3 was also separated from 1 in 56-88% de by solvent extraction and low-temperature crystallization, Soxhlet extraction, or supercritical fluid extraction. Base-catalyzed isomerization of 3 gave 2 in excellent yield, providing a convenient alternative to the total synthesis of this important dietary carotenoid.
Generalilzed Beamforming with Multiple Computer Originated Holograms (1988)

Abstract : Generalized beamforming with optical systems using multiple computer- originated holographic optical elements (HOEs) was studied theoretically, through computer simulations, and through fabrication and experiments. A two HOE system was built for polar formatting of spotlight synthetic aperture radar data and was used with a spatial light modulator and a third phase-correcting HOE for real-time image formation. A two HOE system was designed using a novel iterative algorithm and successfully used for energy-efficient conversion of a Gaussian beam to a uniform far-field beam. A necessary condition was derived that a one- to-one coordinate transformation must satisfy to enable it to be performed with only two optical coordinate tranformations, each using the stationary phase approximation. Because of the importance of computer-generated holograms to this work, a brief study was made of computer-generated hologram fabrication facilities. Keywords: Computer generated holograms; Holographic optical elements.
pH-Zone-Refining Countercurrent Chromatography (1995)

pH-Zone-refining countercurrent chromatography (CCC) separates organic acids and bases into a succession of highly concentrated rectangular peaks that elute according to their pKas and hydrophobicities. The hydrodynamic mechanism of the present method is illustrated along with a simple mathematical analysis. Examples of the application of the present method are described to demonstrate its advantage over conventional CCC. Similarities and differences between pH-zone-refining CCC, displacement chromatography, and isotachophoresis are discussed.
Signal bias removal by maximum likelihood estimation for robust telephone speech recognition (1996)

An acoustical mismatch between the training and the testing conditions of hidden Markov model (HMM)-based speech recognition systems often causes a severte degradation in the recognition performance. In telephone speech recognition, for example, undesirable signal components due to ambient noise and channel distortion, as well as due to different variations of telephone handsets render the recognizer unusable for real- world applications. This paper presents a signal bias removal (SBR) method based on maximum likelihood1 estimation for the minimization of these undesirable effects. The proposed method is readily applicable in various architectures, i.e., dis- crete (vector-quantization based), semicontinuous and continuous density HMM. In this paper, the SBR method, integrated into a discrete density HMM, is applied to telephone speech recognition where the contamination due to extraneous signal components is assumed to be unknown. To enable real-time implementation, a sequential method for the estimation of the bias is presented. Experimental results for speaker-independent connected digit recognition show a reduction in the per digit error rate by up to 41% and 14% during mismatched and matclhed training and testing conditions, respectively.
Contribution of Fibrosis and the Autonomic Nervous System to Atrial Fibrillation Electrograms in Heart Failure (2012)

The amount and distribution of fibrosis in the HF atrium seems to contribute to slowing and increased organization of AF EGMs, whereas the nerve-rich fat in the HF posterior left atrium is positively correlated with AF EGM entropy. By allowing for improved detection of regions of dense fibrosis and high autonomic nerve density in the HF atrium, these findings may help enhance the precision and success of substrate-guided ablation for AF.
Annular Slot-Based Miniaturized Frequency-Agile MIMO Antenna System (2017)

In this letter, a miniaturized annular slot-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed frequency-agile antenna exhibits wide tuning range operation by covering several well known wireless standards including GSM1800/LTE/UMTS/WLAN along with several others. The resonance frequency varies from 1.8 to 2.45 GHz. The structure of each antenna element consists of a combination of annular and circular slots, and the antenna is made reconfigurable using a varactor diode within its annular slot. Only one varactor diode is used in achieving this wide tuning band of operation. The four-element MIMO antenna system is realized on a 60 × 120 × 0.76-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> RO4350 substrate. The proposed design is suitable for wireless handheld devices and mobile terminals as well as cognitive radio front ends. The measured results show maximum gain of 2.43 dBi and maximum efficiency (η) of 73%. The envelope correlation coefficient did not exceed 0.186 across the complete operating bands.
Demonstration of high-repetition-rate tabletop soft-x-ray lasers with saturated output at wavelengths down to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13.9</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.3em"/><mml:mi>nm</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>and gain down to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10.9</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.3em"/><mml:mi>nm</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2005)

Saturated tabletop lasers operating at $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Hz}$ repetition rate with average powers $>1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}$ were demonstrated at wavelengths between 16.5 and $13.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ in the $4d\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}--4p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}P_{1}$ transitions of Ni-like ions. The results were obtained using picosecond laser heating pulses with an energy of only $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}$ by optimizing the angle of incidence for maximum energy deposition. Lasing was also observed for shorter wavelength transitions of the same isoelectronic sequence, with amplification in the $11.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ line of Ni-like Sn approaching gain saturation, and progressively reduced gain for wavelengths as low as $10.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ for Ni-like Te. These high repetition rate soft x-ray lasers will enable new applications in science and the development of unique metrology and processing tools for industry.
Exploring Use of Image Analysis Technology for Evaluating Level of Service of Signalized Intersections (2006)

The image analysis based stopped-time delay estimation methods were applied to evaluating stopped-time delays at two approaches of signalized intersections with different camera angles and environments. The delays obtained by the image analysis were compared with the results of delay analyses by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2000) models (computed by HCS+) and the HCM recommended manual field delay measurements. The software effectuating the image analysis methods is still in the prototype stage; however, as the results of the study demonstrate, the technology is promising for automating the delay estimation process to help traffic engineers determine delays and levels of service of signalized intersection approaches. The major benefits of the image analysis method, when included in a video detection system as a new feature, will be a reduction in data collection costs and human errors and easy access to delay data by traffic engineers.
Surface-emitting distributed feedback semiconductor laser (1987)

Electrically pumped, surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers were for the first time demonstrated without any facet reflections. The devices contained second-order gratings etched into a thin p-AlGaAs cladding layer surface. A gold ohmic contact deposited directly onto the p-AlGaAs grating surface provided strong coupling to the waveguide mode. Single spatial mode devices with low divergence output beams and single frequency spectra were obtained at room temperature.
High beam quality from a nanosecond, image-rotating optical parametric oscillator (2003)

Summary from only given. We designed and built a KTiOPO/sub 4/ crystal collinear phase matching optical parametric oscillator (OPO) that rotates the image of the resonated wave by 90/spl deg/ on each pass of the cavity. Our goal is to verify the predictions of high beam quality from such an OPO even for high pulse energy and large Fresnel number.