gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptual modelling for banding detection (2022)

Banding is an annoying visual artifact that frequently appears at various stages along the chain of video acquisition, production, distribution and display. With the thriving popularity of ultra-high definition, high dynamic range, wide color gamut content, and the increasing user expectations that follow, the banding effect has been attracting a growing deal of attention for its strong negative impact on viewer experience in visual content that could otherwise have nearly perfect quality. What often frustrates many industrial practitioners is that simply increasing the bit-depth or bitrate of a video does not necessarily lead to removal or even reduction of banding. Indeed, with the recent accelerated growth of ultra-high definition (UHD), high dynamic range (HDR), wide color gamut (WCG) in content production, distribution services, and consumer display devices, severe banding occurs even more frequently than before and the visual effect is often much stronger. This is because UHD/HDR/WCG content typically covers a wider range of luminance levels and color variations than those of the traditional standard dynamic range (SDR) content. This, together with the limited and varying capabilities of display devices, creates major challenges to maintain smooth visual transitions simultaneously across all luminance levels and color variations. Automatic or objective image/video quality assessment (IQA/VQA) has been a highly active topic in the past two decades. However, popular IQA/VQA methods such as PSNR, SSIM, and MS-SSIM are insensitive to banding impairments. Therefore, the industry is in an urgent need of innovative approaches that are able to detect, control, and remove/reduce banding in an automated fashion. Here we present two different types of technologies of great promise on banding detection. The first is based on domain knowledge gained through deep and thorough understandings of the human visual system (HVS) and the video acquisition, production, distribution and display processes. Computational models derived from such domain knowledge are then combined to construct an overall banding detection and assessment model. In contrast to the first type of domain knowledge-driven methods, the second type of approaches are data-driven, with no or little domain knowledge assumed. Instead, a large number of images/videos and their ground-truth labels (with or without banding) are collected, and machine learning methods are then used to train black-box models such as the deep neural networks (DNNs) using the image/video dataset, so that the learned model may make good banding predictions on unseen image/video content.
Differential activation of the influenza virus polymerase via template RNA binding (1995)

Primary transcripts synthesized by the influenza virus polymerase contain the capped 5' ends of eukaryotic mRNAs. These sequences are derived from host mRNA and scavenged by the viral polymerase as a prerequisite to transcription. The first step in this reaction is the specific binding of the viral polymerase to the cap structure of the host RNA. The role that template RNA plays in this RNA binding reaction was examined in quantitative capped mRNA binding and endonuclease assays. Capped RNA binding was shown to be a template-dependent property of the influenza virus polymerase. Addition of only the 5' end of viral RNA stimulates capped mRNA binding by the viral polymerase, but endonuclease activity requires the addition of the 3' end. The addition of template RNA corresponding to the positive-sense complementary RNA replicative intermediate was also able to stimulate capped mRNA binding but was not able to efficiently activate the viral endonuclease. Thus, regulation of endonuclease activity by the influenza virus polymerase can be dependent on template RNA binding.
Partial sequence of the rRNA operon of Pneumocystis carinii isolates from Puerto Rico. (1997)

Several reports indicate geographic variation of isolates of Pneumocystis carinii hominis. We have sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit Group I intron of rRNA genes from P. carinii DNA obtained from two patients from Puerto Rico. Both can be subclassified as Type II, according to the sequence of the ITS region. A system capable of identifying individual isolates will be an essential tool for epidemiological studies of the organism. The amplification of DNA from fixed tissues may facilitate the processing of a large number of samples.
Investigation of Conditions of Processing Influence on Micro-Hardness Distribution in Surface Layer during Diamond Burnishing of Samples of FeC0.15Cr12Ni2 Steel (2017)

The article shows the results of experimental investigation influence of process conditions on parameters, defining plastic deformation, during diamond burnishing process: maximum of micro-hardness and depth of hardened layer (depth of workhardening). Empirical dependences, linking the maximum of micro-hardness and depth of workhardening to the diamond burnishing process parameters, were obtained on the base of the experimental investigation.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐OXO‐2H‐(1,2,4)OXADIAZOLO(2,3‐C)PYRIMIDINE‐5‐CARBAMATES (1983)

Abstract Von den nach einer schon bekannten Reaktion bei der thermischen Cyclisierung des Pyrimidin‐ N‐oxid‐dicarbarnats (I) im Verhältnis 95: 5 entstehenden regioisomeren Oxadiazolopyrimidin‐Derivaten (II) und (V) wird (V) aus (II) über die Stufen (III) und (IV) dargestellt.
Tailored liposomes against bacterial toxins: A novel approach at anti-infective therapy (2015)

Almost one century after the first systemic administration of antibacterial compounds, bacterial pathogens continue to threaten human health as medications are increasingly made ineffective by the development of bacterial resistance. Ironically, it is precisely the great success of antibiotic therapy that has delayed the pursuit of alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. However, the fear of untreatable antibiotic-resistant infections has recently rekindled research interest in alternative approaches.
Processability and performance enhancement of high K polymer-ceramic nano-composites (2003)

Integral or embedded capacitor technology could increase packaging density, improve electrical performance and reduce assembly cost compared with traditional discrete capacitor technology. Developing a successful dielectric material that satisfies electrical, reliability and processing requirements is one of the major challenges for incorporating capacitors into the large-area substrates. Polymer-ceramic nano-composites have been of great interest as the high dielectric constant (K) material because they combine the processability of polymers with the desired electrical properties of ceramics. Nevertheless, there are some technical barriers for the polymer-ceramic composites to be used in the organic substrates. Most significantly, for a very high dielectric constant of about 150 as reported so far by our group, a necessary rather high ceramic filler loading (85% by volume) gave problems in well dispersion of the ceramic fillers within the organic matrix, and there was almost no adhesion towards other layers in the printed circuit board structure. In order to develop polymer-ceramic nano-composites with a dielectric constant as high as possible together with compatibility toward manufacturing process of organic printed circuit boards, we have introduced dispersants into the formulations. Comprehensive formulation techniques have resulted in a much higher dielectric constant (e.g., typically over 65 at a ceramic loading of 40% by volume) as well as excellent adhesion performance.
Noise suppression in scatter correction for cone‐beam CT (2009)

Scatter correction is crucial to the quality of reconstructed images in x-ray cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Most of existing scatter correction methods assume smooth scatter distributions. The high-frequency scatter noise remains in the projection images even after a perfect scatter correction. In this paper, using a clinical CBCT system and a measurement-based scatter correction, the authors show that a scatter correction alone does not provide satisfactory image quality and the loss of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the scatter corrected image may overwrite the benefit of scatter removal. To circumvent the problem and truly gain from scatter correction, an effective scatter noise suppression method must be in place. They analyze the noise properties in the projections after scatter correction and propose to use a penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS) algorithm to reduce the noise in the reconstructed images. Experimental results on an evaluation phantom (Catphan600) show that the proposed algorithm further reduces the reconstruction error in a scatter corrected image from 10.6% to 1.7% and increases the CNR by a factor of 3.6. Significant image quality improvement is also shown in the results on an anthropomorphic phantom, in which the global noise level is reduced and the local streaking artifacts around bones are suppressed.
Photoacoustic Doppler flow measurement in optically scattering media (2007)

We recently observed the photoacoustic Doppler effect from flowing small light-absorbing particles. Here, we apply the effect to measure blood-mimicking fluid flow in an optically scattering medium. The light scattering in the medium decreases the amplitude of the photoacoustic Doppler signal but does not affect either the magnitude or the directional discrimination of the photoacoustic Doppler shift. This technology may hold promise for a new Doppler method for measuring blood flow in microcirculation with high sensitivity.
Virtualization of power for data center and telecom environments (2017)

CE+T Power has developed hardware to allow the virtualization of power and bringing change to the datacenter market. This new concept, unique in the industry, offers the missing link to respond to the multiple and contradictory challenges the industry will be facing in managing power. The concept of a rack mounted Power Pack sized for average loads, allowing peak shaving, and microgrid utilization. The combination of renewable power sources and grid connections enables cost savings while increasing the resilience of the overall infrastructure. The “Uninterruptible Power Array” operates like a decentralized double conversion UPS with all the advantages of centralized architecture.
Wideband negative permeability metamaterial with non-Foster compensation of parasitic capacitance (2012)

The analysis and simulation of negative effective permeability of a magnetic metamaterial is presented, including parasitic effects. Beyond known issues of non-Foster circuit stability, such parasitics can limit bandwidth improvement. Based on the analysis, ideal non-Foster elements are added to split rings to achieve broadband negative effective permeability while compensating parasitic effects. Results indicate that both a negative capacitance and negative inductance are needed to achieve negative permeability from 0.5 to 4.5 GHz.
Safety and Efficacy of the Avirulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain K5054 as a Live Vaccine in Poultry (2004)

A Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolate from an atypically mild outbreak in turkey breeders was found to be similar to house finch isolates by DNA analyses. A preliminary study in turkeys showed that this isolate (K5054) caused very mild lesions and protected turkeys against subsequent challenge with a virulent MG strain. In this study, K5054 was further evaluated as a potential vaccine strain in commercial layer-type chickens and turkeys. The safety of K5054 was evaluated by aerosol challenge followed by evaluation of gross and histopathologic lesions as well as serologic reactions and isolation of MG from the trachea and air sacs. Infection of chickens (trial 1) and turkeys (trial 2) with K5054 resulted in little evidence of MG lesions. There was weak seroconversion, and K5054 was consistently reisolated from the tracheas of chickens and turkeys. The efficacy of K5054 as a vaccine was evaluated by aerosol challenge of vaccinated chickens (trial 3) and turkeys (trial 4) with virulent R strain. There was evidence of protection from lesions associated with MG.
Virtual Impactor-Based Label-Free Pollen Detection using Holography and Deep Learning (2022)

Exposure to bio-aerosols such as pollen can lead to adverse health effects. There is a need for a portable and cost-effective device for long-term monitoring and quantification of various types of pollen. To address this need, we present a mobile and cost-effective label-free sensor that takes holographic images of flowing particulate matter (PM) concentrated by a virtual impactor, which selectively slows down and guides particles larger than 6 μm to fly through an imaging window. The flowing particles are illuminated by a pulsed laser diode, casting their inline holograms on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensor in a lens-free mobile imaging device. The illumination contains three short pulses with a negligible shift of the flowing particle within one pulse, and triplicate holograms of the same particle are recorded at a single frame before it exits the imaging field-of-view, revealing different perspectives of each particle. The particles within the virtual impactor are localized through a differential detection scheme, and a deep neural network classifies the pollen type in a label-free manner based on the acquired holographic images. We demonstrated the success of this mobile pollen detector with a virtual impactor using different types of pollen (i.e., bermuda, elm, oak, pine, sycamore, and wheat) and achieved a blind classification accuracy of 92.91%. This mobile and cost-effective device weighs ∼700 g and can be used for label-free sensing and quantification of various bio-aerosols over extended periods since it is based on a cartridge-free virtual impactor that does not capture or immobilize PM.
Phase contrast MRI with flow compensation view sharing (2014)

FCVS can accelerate PC-MRI acquisitions while maintaining flow and velocity measurement accuracy when there is limited temporal variation in the FC data.
Telescopic Contact Lenses and the Fiber-Coupled Scale Model Eye (2014)

Catadioptric telescopes that can switch between 1x and 3x magnification have been built into scleral contact lenses. We'll describe lens design and fabrication, the first clinical test, and a scale-model eye used for laboratory characterization.
Solving Recent Challenges for Wrought Ni-Base Superalloys (2020)

This paper reviews the status of technology in design and manufacture of new wrought polycrystalline Ni-base superalloys for critical engineering applications. There is a strong motivation to develop new alloys that are capable of operating at higher temperatures to realize improvements in thermal efficiency, which are necessary to achieve environmental targets for reduced emissions of harmful green-house gases. From the aerospace sector, the development of new powder metallurgy and ingot metallurgy alloys is discussed for disk rotor and static applications. New compositions for powder metallurgy contain about 50 to 55 pct of gamma prime (c) strengthening precipitates to ensure components operate successfully at temperatures up to 788 C (1450 F). In contrast, new compositions for ingot metallurgy aim to occupy a design space in temperature capability between Alloy 718 and current powder alloys that are in-service, and show levels of c of about 30 to 44 pct. The focus in developing these alloys was design for manufacturability. To complement the aerospace developments, a review of work to understand the suitability of candidate alloys for multiple applications in Advanced-Ultra Supercritical (AUSC) power plants has been undertaken by Detrois, Jablonski, and Hawk from the National Energy Technology Laboratory. In these power plants, steam temperatures are required to reach 700 C to 760 C. The common thread is to develop alloys that demonstrate a combination of high-temperature properties, which are reliant on both the alloy composition and microstructure and can be produced readily at the right price. For the AUSC applications, the emphasis is on high-temperature strength, long-term creep life, phase stability, oxidation resistance, and robust welding for fabrications. Whereas for powder disk rotors in aircraft engines, the priority is enhanced resistance to time-dependent crack growth, phase stability, and resistance to environmental damage, while extending the current strength levels, which are shown by existing alloys, to higher temperatures.
Scavenging Free Radicals To Preserve Enhancement and Extend Relaxation Times in NMR using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2010)

Vitamin C for longer lifetimes: N-oxide radicals that are widely used for dynamic nuclear polarization can be reduced by scavengers such as sodium ascorbate (vitamin C) during the dissolution process, thus diminishing losses of polarization during the transfer and extending transverse and longitudinal relaxation times in NMR spectroscopy (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High-speed dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy imaging of polymers: an adaptive multiloop-mode approach (2017)

Adaptive multiloop-mode (AMLM) imaging to substantially increase (over an order of magnitude) the speed of tapping-mode (TM) imaging is tested and evaluated through imaging three largely different heterogeneous polymer samples in experiments. It has been demonstrated that AMLM imaging, through the combination of a suite of advanced control techniques, is promising to achieve high-speed dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy imaging. The performance, usability, and robustness of the AMLM in various imaging applications, however, is yet to be assessed. In this work, three benchmark polymer samples, including a PS-LDPE sample, an SBS sample, and a Celgard sample, differing in feature size and stiffness of two orders of magnitude, are imaged using the AMLM technique at high-speeds of 25 Hz and 20 Hz, respectively. The comparison of the images obtained to those obtained by using TM imaging at scan rates of 1 Hz and 2 Hz showed that the quality of the 25 Hz and 20 Hz AMLM imaging is at the same level of that of the 1 Hz TM imaging, while the tip-sample interaction force is substantially smaller than that of the 2 Hz TM imaging.
Tissue-like phantoms for near-infrared fluorescence imaging system assessment and the training of surgeons (2006)

We demonstrate how to construct calibrated, stable, and inexpensive tissue-like phantoms for near-IR (NIR) fluorescence imaging applications. The bulk phantom material is composed of gelatin, intralipid, hemoglobin, and indocyanine green (ICG). Absorbance, scatter, background fluorescence, and texture can be tuned as desired. NIR fluorescent inclusions are comprised of ICG-labeled polystyrene divinylbenzene beads and Pam78-labeled hydroxyapatite crystals. The former mimic tumor masses of controllable size and contrast agent concentration, and the latter mimic microcalcifications in breast cancer. NIR-fluorescent inclusions can be positioned precisely in phantoms, with one or more regions having different optical properties, and their position can be verified independently using microcomputed tomography. We demonstrate how these phantoms can be used to calibrate and compare imaging systems, and to train surgeons to operate under NIR fluorescence image guidance.
Radical Acceleration of Nuclear Reprogramming by Chromatin Remodeling with the Transactivation Domain of MyoD (2011)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be created by reprogramming differentiated cells through introduction of defined genes, most commonly Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM). However, this process is slow and extremely inefficient. Here, we demonstrate radical acceleration of iPSC creation with a fusion gene between Oct4 and the powerful transactivation domain (TAD) of MyoD (M(3)O). Transduction of M(3) O as well as Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc into fibroblasts effectively remodeled patterns of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and protein binding at pluripotency genes, raising the efficiency of making mouse and human iPSCs more than 50-fold in comparison to OSKM. These results identified that one of the most critical barriers to iPSC creation is poor chromatin accessibility and protein recruitment to pluripotency genes. The MyoD TAD has a capability of overcoming this problem. Our approach of fusing TADs to unrelated transcription factors has far-reaching implications as a powerful tool for transcriptional reprogramming beyond application to iPSC technology.
Magnetic recording medium (1985)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nobutaka Yamaguchi, Nobuo Tsuji, Yasutoshi Okuzawa, Norio Nasu, Masaaki Fujiyama; Magnetic recording medium. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 August 1985; 78 (2): 825. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.393052 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Chemical downstream etching of silicon–nitride and polycrystalline silicon using CF4/O2/N2: Surface chemical effects of O2 and N2 additives (1995)

By comparing the etching characteristics of silicon and silicon nitride in CF4/O2/N2 microwave downstream plasmas we demonstrate clearly how low concentrations of energetic species can play a dominant role in remote plasma processing: Injection of 5% N2 to a CF4/O2 plasma increases the silicon nitride etch rate by a factor of 7, while not significantly affecting the bulk composition of the discharge. Downstream injection of N2 is ineffective. Using surface spectroscopies we directly show a dramatic enhancement of the reactivity of fluorine and oxygen atoms with silicon and silicon–nitride surfaces upon N2 injection to the discharge. Our results can be explained by the production of energetic metastable species in the discharge region which transport energy to the gas-surface interface.