gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trichothecenes accumulated in liquid culture of a mutant of Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 (1989)

A UV-generated mutant of Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 was altered in its ability to biosynthesize T-2 toxin, as shown by a rapid screen with monoclonal antibodies to T-2. This stable mutant accumulated two trichothecenes that were not observed in liquid cultures of the parent strain. The two compounds were identified as 3,15-diol 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene and 3,15-diol 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene 3-acetate on the basis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. This is the first report of either of these two compounds as secondary metabolites of F. sporotrichioides and of a trichothecene acetylated at C-3 by this species.
Parallel polarization state generation and measurement with a single metasurface (Conference Presentation) (Withdrawal Notice) (2018)

Publisher’s Note: This conference presentation recording, originally published on 14 March 2018, was withdrawn per author request on 22 March, 2018.
Data from Improved Antitumor Activity and Tumor Targeting of NH<sub>2</sub>-Terminal–Specific PEGylated Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered an attractive anticancer agent due to its tumor cell–specific cytotoxicity. However, its low stability, solubility, unexpected side effects, and weak pharmacokinetic profiles restrict its successful clinical application. To develop efficient TRAIL-based anticancer biotherapeutics, a new version of trimeric TRAIL was constructed by incorporating trimer-forming zipper sequences (HZ-TRAIL), and then NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal–specific PEGylation was done to produce PEGylated TRAIL (PEG-HZ-TRAIL). The biological, physicochemical, and pharmaceutical characteristics of PEG-HZ-TRAIL were then investigated using various <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments, including a cell-based cytotoxicity test, a solubility test, pharmacokinetic analysis, and antitumor efficacy evaluations. Although slight activity loss occurred after PEGylation, PEG-HZ-TRAIL showed excellent tumor cell–specific cytotoxic effects via apoptotic pathways with negligible normal cell toxicity. The stability and pharmacokinetic problems of HZ-TRAIL were successfully overcome by PEGylation. Furthermore, <i>in vivo</i> antitumor tests revealed that PEG-HZ-TRAIL treatment enhanced therapeutic potentials compared with HZ-TRAIL in tumor xenograft animal models, and these enhancements were attributed to its better pharmacokinetic properties and tumor-targeting performance. These findings show that PEG-HZ-TRAIL administration provides an effective antitumor treatment, which exhibits superior tumor targeting and better inhibits tumor growth, and suggest that PEG-HZ-TRAIL should be considered a potential candidate for antitumor biotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(6); 1719–29. ©2010 AACR.</p></div>
Comparative evaluation of inversion algorithms for magnetic resonance elastography (2003)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a phase contrast based MRI imaging technique that can directly visualize and quantitatively measure propagating acoustic shear waves in tissue-like materials subjected to harmonic mechanical excitation. Full 3D complex displacement information can be acquired at MR pixel resolution throughout a 3D volume. This data allows the calculation of local quantitative values of shear modulus and the generation of images that depict tissue elasticity or stiffness. Various inversion algorithms to perform such calculations have been proposed. We discuss the assumptions underlying three such algorithms, and compare their noise sensitivity and resolution on synthetic, phantom and in vivo data sets.
New Huprine Derivatives Functionalized at Position 9 as Highly Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (2011)

A series of 24 huprine derivatives diversely functionalized at position 9 have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against human recombinant acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These derivatives were prepared in one to five steps from huprine 1 bearing an ester function at position 9. Ten analogues (1, 2, 6-9, 13-15, and 23) are active in the low nanomolar range (IC(50) <5 nM), very close to the parent compound huprine X. Compounds 2, 6, and 7 show a very good selectivity for AChE, with AChE inhibitory activities 700-1160-fold higher than those for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The inhibitory potency of these compounds decreases with the steric bulk of the substituents at position 9. According to docking simulations, small substituents fit into the acyl-binding pocket, whereas the larger ones stick out of the active site gorge of AChE. Determination of the kinetic parameters of three of the most potent huprines (2, 6, and 7) showed that most of the difference in K(D) is accounted by a decrease in k(on) , which is correlated to the increase of the substituent size. A first in vivo evaluation has been performed in mice for the most active compound 2 (IC(50) =1.1 nM) and showed a rather weak toxicity (LD(50) =40 mg kg(-1) ) and an ability to cross the blood-brain barrier with doses above 15 mg kg(-1).
Serum level of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is a strong and independent predictor of survival in human immunodeficiency virus infection (2000)

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection has been shown to result in up-regulation of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR/CD87) on leukocytes in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate whether this up-regulation is paralleled by higher serum levels of soluble uPAR (suPAR) in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease and whether the serum level of suPAR is predictive of clinical outcome. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the level of suPAR was measured retrospectively in serum samples from 314 patients with HIV-1 infection. By Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, the serum suPAR levels were correlated to survival with AIDS-related death as the end point. High levels of serum suPAR (greater than median) were associated with poor overall survival, and Kaplan-Meier analysis on patients stratified by suPAR level demonstrated a continuous increase in mortality rates with higher suPAR levels. After adjustment for accepted prognostic markers-including Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined clinical stages, CD4 counts, viral load, beta2-microglobulin, and age-the prognostic strength of suPAR remained highly significant, indicating that the serum suPAR level is a novel, strong, and independent predictor of survival in HIV-1 infection. This report is the first to demonstrate an important association between the plasminogen activator system and disease progression in HIV-1 infection.
Formulation and characterization of polyimide resilient foams of various densities for aircraft seating applications (1981)

Light weight, heat and fire resistant low smoke generating polyimide foams are developed for aircraft seating applications. The material is upgraded and classified into groups for fabrication of cushions possessing acceptable comfort properties. Refinement and selection of foaming processes using a variety of previously developd foaming techniques and definition of property relationships to arrive at the selection and classfication of polyimide foams into five groups in accordance with predetermined ILD values are emphasized.
Noise reduction and echo cancellation front-end for speech codecs (2003)

We present an enhancement front-end for speech codecs, which consists of the integrated elements of noise reduction and echo cancellation. By including these elements, the front-end performs the task of mitigating the objectionable effects of the two major factors, i.e., noise and echo, which adversely affect the quality of most transmission systems, especially when low bit rate codecs are used. The use of this front-end is demonstrated with the 7.4 kbps IS-641 codec (enhanced full-rate standard for IS-136 systems). The integrated speech-processing unit has the advantage of utilizing the synergy among its components: the voice activity detector in the speech codec, the noise reduction, and the echo canceller. This synergy manifests itself both in the form of a reduction of the overall computational complexity by the use of a number of shared elements among the unit's various components, as well as an improved performance resulting from these components working together. The system displays high performance in both clean and noisy environments and it works well with low bit rate codecs.
Pan-Shigella Surface Protein antigen 1 as potential cross-protective antigen for Shigella vaccine development. (P4286) (2013)

Abstract Shigellosis is a disease characterized by the destruction of the colonic epithelium in humans and one of the most severe diarrheal diseases, especially in children under 5 years of age in developing countries. We have identified several protein antigens that are shared by different shigella serotypes and species. Among these, one antigen, PSSP-1, induces cross-protection against experimental shigellosis induced by different species and serotypes. PSSP-1-induced protection requires (i) a mucosal route of administration; and (ii) the co-administration of a mucosal adjuvant (cholera toxin, mutant thermolabile enterotoxin (dmLT). When PSSP-1was formulated with dmLT, an adjuvant that has undergone human clinical testing, it induced cross-protection against S. flexneri 2a, 3a, 5a, 6, S. boydii and importantly also S. dysenteriae 1. While intradermally administered PSSP-1 adjuvanted with dmLT induced strong serum antibody responses, it failed to induce protection in the mouse lung pneumonia model (consisting of administering Shigella intranasally). In contrast, intranasal PSSP-1 + dmLT elicited efficient local (lung) and peripheral (spleen) antibody responses and regional and systemic IL-17 and IFNγ production. Interestingly, patients with recent onset shigellosis showed variable but significant antibody responses to most conserved Shigella protein antigens but not to PSSP-1. Although the above results are promising, these will have to be validated in humans.
Scalable RFID Systems: A Privacy-Preserving Protocol with Constant-Time Identification (2011)

In RFID literature, most “privacy-preserving” protocols require the reader to search all tags in the system in order to identify a single tag. In another class of protocols, the search complexity is reduced to be logarithmic in the number of tags, but it comes with two major drawbacks: it requires a large communication overhead over the fragile wireless channel, and the compromise of a tag in the system reveals secret information about other, uncompromised, tags in the same system. In this work, we take a different approach to address time complexity of private identification in large-scale RFID systems. We utilize the special architecture of RFID systems to propose a symmetric-key privacy-preserving authentication protocol for RFID systems with constant-time identification. Instead of increasing communication overhead, the existence of a large storage device in RFID systems, the database, is utilized for improving the time efficiency of tag identification.
A review of biconical taper couplers (1980)

Abstract An optical coupler distributes light from a main fiber to one or more branch fibers. Optical signals can also be passed bidirectionally along a single fiber [1]. Usually couplers are passive devices which are attached to other components in a system by means of optical fiber connectors, or may be joined to them by splicing. Several basic coupler designs have been discussed in the literature, each having some advantages and disadvantages. The biconical taper coupler [2] consists of two fibers that are fused and subsequently tapered. These fibers may have step or graded index profiles. Beam-splitter types [3] (consisting of discrete components) are generally expensive. Mixing rods are simple and can be ruggedly constructed, but an extra 3dB loss above packing fraction loss is incurred when used with graded index fibers [4].
Resistive Ribbon Thermal Transfer Printing (1987)

Resistive Ribbon Thermal Transfer Printing (1-3) is the basic technology used in the IBM "Quietwriter" Printer family. This technology is a non-impact technology that has several characteristics that make it very appropriate for use in several low-end (low speed), high quality office printing and publishing systems. At the present time the available Resistive Ribbon printers have been designed to have characteristics and resolution suitable for use in typewriter, word processing and related desk top publishing applications. Inherently the technology is capable of achieving higher resolution as well as demonstrating several other characteristics that can be of use in the evolving office and computer assisted publishing application areas. This paper will briefly review the Resistive Ribbon Thermal Transfer Printing technology and its associated physical and materials (chemical) requirements. Although emphasis will be placed upon the present technology, several other properties of the Resistive Ribbon technology which are potentially suited to a wider range of office and publishing applications will be discussed.
DNA-Structured Linear Actuators (2016)

This work presents a series of DNA-structured linear actuators that have high displacements and compact profiles. These actuators operate by twisting and untwisting a double helix that resembles a DNA molecule. Unlike most similarly-motivated twisted string actuators (TSAs), these DNA-structured actuators can have the ability to exert both push and pull forces on a load. Thus, although originally designed for cable-driven robotics, these actuators have the ability to work as part of many different mechatronic systems. Two inherently different actuator designs were investigated, one with straight-line edges (rails) and one with helical rails. Two mathematical models of angular rotation versus linear displacement were developed and simulated, one for each design, and three prototypes were constructed to validate the models. The final prototype was tested for displacement, restorative torque, and pull force characteristics. This last prototype showed a 30.5 cm stroke for a 40.5 cm actuator, or a displacement of 75.3% of its total length.
<title>Capillary array electrophoresis: an approach to high-speed high-throughput DNA sequencing</title> (1993)

A laser-excited, confocal-fluorescence scanner is used for high-sensitivity, on-column detection of electrophoresis performed using an array of capillaries. The capabilities of this method and apparatus are illustrated by application to high-speed, high-throughput DNA sequencing. Sanger DNA sequencing fragments are separated on an array of capillaries and then distinguished by using a binary coding scheme that employs only two different fluorescently labeled dye primers to identify four sets of fragments. DNA sequencing results are presented using a 25-capillary array. This apparatus has the capability of sequencing DNA at a rate of approximately 25,000 bases/hour.
Asynchronous Semantic Background Subtraction (2020)

The method of Semantic Background Subtraction (SBS), which combines semantic segmentation and background subtraction, has recently emerged for the task of segmenting moving objects in video sequences. While SBS has been shown to improve background subtraction, a major difficulty is that it combines two streams generated at different frame rates. This results in SBS operating at the slowest frame rate of the two streams, usually being the one of the semantic segmentation algorithm. We present a method, referred to as "Asynchronous Semantic Background Subtraction" (ASBS), able to combine a semantic segmentation algorithm with any background subtraction algorithm asynchronously. It achieves performances close to that of SBS while operating at the fastest possible frame rate, being the one of the background subtraction algorithm. Our method consists in analyzing the temporal evolution of pixel features to possibly replicate the decisions previously enforced by semantics when no semantic information is computed. We showcase ASBS with several background subtraction algorithms and also add a feedback mechanism that feeds the background model of the background subtraction algorithm to upgrade its updating strategy and, consequently, enhance the decision. Experiments show that we systematically improve the performance, even when the semantic stream has a much slower frame rate than the frame rate of the background subtraction algorithm. In addition, we establish that, with the help of ASBS, a real-time background subtraction algorithm, such as ViBe, stays real time and competes with some of the best non-real-time unsupervised background subtraction algorithms such as SuBSENSE.
<title>Precision beam pointing for laser communication system using a CCD-based tracker</title> (1993)

Spatial acquisition and precision beam pointing functions are critical to spaceborne laser communication systems. A recent system study indicated that a single high bandwidth CCD detector can be used to perform both spatial acquisition and tracking functions. Compared to previous lasercom hardware design, the array tracking concept offers reduced system complexity by reducing the number of optical elements in the design. Specifically, the design requires only one detector and one beam steering mechanism. It also provides means to optically close the point-ahead control loop. The technology required for high bandwidth array tracking was examined and shown to be consistent with current state of the art. It is believed that the single detector design can lead to a significantly reduced system complexity and a lower system cost.
Machine Translation without a Bilingual Dictionary (2002)

This paper outlines experiments conducted to determine the contribution of the traditional bilingual dictionary in the automatic alignment process to learn translation patterns, and at runtime. We found that by using automatically derived translation word pairs combined with a function word only lexicon, we were able to either match or nearly match the translation quality of the system that used a full traditional bilingual lexicon in addition. The language pairs studied were French-English and Spanish-English.
Photopolarimetric lidar duel-beam switching device and Mueller matrix standoff detection method (2007)

We present an optomechanical switching device (OSD) for a photopolarimetric lidar system with differential-absorption Mueller matrix spectroscopy standoff detection method. An output train of alternate continuous-wave CO2 laser beams [...L1:L2...] is directed onto suspect chemical-biological (CB) aerosol plume or the land mass it contaminates (S) vis-à-vis the OSD, where L1 [L2] is tuned on [detuned off] a resonant molecular absorption moiety of CB analyte. Moreover, both incident beams and their backscattered radiances, from S, are polarization-modulated synchronously so as to produce gated temporal voltage waveforms called scattergrams recorded on focus at the receiver end of polarization lidar sensor system. All 16 elements of the Mueller matrix (Mij) of S are measured via digital or analog filtration of constituent frequency components in these running scattergram data streams (phase-sensitive detection). A collective set of normalized differential elements {Mi,j} (ratioed to element M11) that are susceptible to the analyte, probed on-then-off its molecular absorption band, form a unique detection domain that is scrutinized. Any mapping onto this domain in Mueller-space, from incoming sensor scattergram data sets preprocessed by algorithm and forwarded through a trained neural network pattern recognition system, cues a standoff detection event.
Development of an energetic ion assisted mixing and deposition process for TiNx and diamondlike carbon films, using a co-axial geometry in plasma source ion implantation (1997)

Plasma source ion implantation (PSII) is a relatively simple technique for the ion implantation/deposition of materials. In PSII a substrate is immersed in a plasma, and high negative voltage pulses are applied to accelerate ions into the substrate resulting in modification of the properties of the material in the near surface region. A technique was developed to produce uniform diamondlike carbon coatings and TiNx films inside and outside a hollow cylinder (substrate). A description of apparatus, experimental methods for this type of deposition process, and preliminary results are presented in this article.
L-RED: Efficient Post-Training Detection of Imperceptible Backdoor Attacks without Access to the Training Set (2020)

Backdoor attacks (BAs) are an emerging form of adversarial attack typically against deep neural network image classifiers. The attacker aims to have the classifier learn to classify to a target class when test images from one or more source classes contain a backdoor pattern, while maintaining high accuracy on all clean test images. Reverse-Engineering-based Defenses (REDs) against BAs do not require access to the training set but only to an independent clean dataset. Unfortunately, most existing REDs rely on an unrealistic assumption that all classes except the target class are source classes of the attack. REDs that do not rely on this assumption often require a large set of clean images and heavy computation. In this paper, we propose a Lagrangian-based RED (L-RED) that does not require knowledge of the number of source classes (or whether an attack is present). Our defense requires very few clean images to effectively detect BAs and is computationally efficient. Notably, we detect 56 out of 60 BAs using only two clean images per class in our experiments on CIFAR-10.
AprilCal: Assisted and repeatable camera calibration (2013)

Reliable and accurate camera calibration usually requires an expert intuition to reliably constrain all of the parameters in the camera model. Existing toolboxes ask users to capture images of a calibration target in positions of their choosing, after which the maximum-likelihood calibration is computed using all images in a batch optimization. We introduce a new interactive methodology that uses the current calibration state to suggest the position of the target in the next image and to verify that the final model parameters meet the accuracy requirements specified by the user. Suggesting target positions relies on the ability to score candidate suggestions and their effect on the calibration. We describe two methods for scoring target positions: one that computes the stability of the focal length estimates for initializing the calibration, and another that subsequently quantifies the model uncertainty in pixel space. We demonstrate that our resulting system, AprilCal, consistently yields more accurate camera calibrations than standard tools using results from a set of human trials. We also demonstrate that our approach is applicable for a variety of lenses.