gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress cutaneous radiation syndrome: Implications for increasing therapeutic gain in cancer radiotherapy (2004)

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for head and neck, skin, anogenital, and breast cancers. However, radiation-induced skin morbidity limits the therapeutic benefits. A low-toxicity approach to selectively reduce skin morbidity without compromising tumor killing by radiotherapy is needed. We found that the antitumor agents known as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (phenylbutyrate, trichostatin A, and valproic acid) could suppress cutaneous radiation syndrome. The effects of HDAC inhibitors in promoting the healing of wounds caused by radiation and in decreasing later skin fibrosis and tumorigenesis were correlated with suppression of the aberrant expression of radiation-induced transforming growth factor beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Our findings implicate that the inhibition of HDAC may provide a novel strategy to increase the therapeutic gain in cancer radiotherapy by not only inhibiting tumor growth but also protecting normal tissues.
Preclinical safety & toxicity evaluation of pooled, allogeneic human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (2016)

Our results showed that the pooled hBMMSC population was non-toxic, non-teratogenic and non-tumorigenic in animals. Further studies need to be done to find out if it can be safely administered in human patients.
Versatile Covalent Postsynthetic Modification of Metal Organic Frameworks via Thermal Condensation for Fluoride Sensing in Waters (2021)

Having access to safe drinking water is one of the 17 sustainable development goals defined by the United Nations (UN). However, many settlements around the globe have limited access to drinkable water due to non-anthropogenic pollution of the water sources. One of those pollutants is fluoride, which can induce major health problems. In this manuscript, we report on a post synthetic functionalization of metal organic frameworks for the sensing of fluoride in water. The proposed thermal condensation methodology allows for a high yield of functionalization using few steps, reducing reagent costs and generating minimal by-products. We identified a Rhodamine B functionalized Al-BDC-NH2 metal organic framework as one particularly suitable for fluoride detection in water.
DNA of Erythroid Origin Is Present in Human Plasma and Informs the Types of Anemia (2017)

Abstract BACKGROUND There is much interest in the tissue of origin of circulating DNA in plasma. Data generated using DNA methylation markers have suggested that hematopoietic cells of white cell lineages are important contributors to the circulating DNA pool. However, it is not known whether cells of the erythroid lineage would also release DNA into the plasma. METHODS Using high-resolution methylation profiles of erythroblasts and other tissue types, 3 genomic loci were found to be hypomethylated in erythroblasts but hypermethylated in other cell types. We developed digital PCR assays for measuring erythroid DNA using the differentially methylated region for each locus. RESULTS Based on the methylation marker in the ferrochelatase gene, erythroid DNA represented a median of 30.1% of the plasma DNA of healthy subjects. In subjects with anemia of different etiologies, quantitative analysis of circulating erythroid DNA could reflect the erythropoietic activity in the bone marrow. For patients with reduced erythropoietic activity, as exemplified by aplastic anemia, the percentage of circulating erythroid DNA was decreased. For patients with increased but ineffective erythropoiesis, as exemplified by β-thalassemia major, the percentage was increased. In addition, the plasma concentration of erythroid DNA was found to correlate with treatment response in aplastic anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Plasma DNA analysis using digital PCR assays targeting the other 2 differentially methylated regions showed similar findings. CONCLUSIONS Erythroid DNA is a hitherto unrecognized major component of the circulating DNA pool and is a noninvasive biomarker for differential diagnosis and monitoring of anemia.
Effectiveness of Metyrapone in Treating Cushing's Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in 195 Patients (2015)

Metyrapone is effective therapy for short- and long-term control of hypercortisolemia in CS.
Discovery of the natural anti‐Gal antibody and its past and future relevance to medicine (2013)

This is a personal account of the discovery of the natural anti-Gal antibody, the most abundant natural antibody in humans, the reciprocal distribution of this antibody and its ligand the α-gal epitope in mammals and the immunological barrier this antibody has formed in porcine to human xenotransplantation. This barrier has been overcome in the recent decade with the generation of α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs. However, anti-Gal continues to be relevant in medicine as it can be harnessed for various therapeutic effects. Anti-Gal converts tumor lesions injected with α-gal glycolipids into vaccines that elicit a protective anti-tumor immune response by in situ targeting of tumor cells for uptake by antigen-presenting cells. This antibody further accelerates wound and burn healing by interaction with α-gal nanoparticles applied to injured areas and induction of rapid recruitment and activation of macrophages. Anti-Gal/α-gal nanoparticle immune complexes may further induce rapid recruitment and activation of macrophages in ischemic myocardium and injured nerves, thereby inducing tissue regeneration and prevention of fibrosis.
Development of novel small molecule inhibitors targeting CXCR4 against cancer metastasis (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4742 

The intended objective is the identification of small molecules that will attenuate tumor metastasis in vivo by blocking CXCR4 function whilst demonstrating a sufficient pharmacokinetic and specificity profile to merit advancement into human clinical evaluation. Even though CXCR4 is a good target for intervening various diseases, especially, cancer metastasis, there is no safe drug in the clinic until now. Metastasis is an end result for many solid tumor types and is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. This has attracted an increasing amount of attention from research groups over the last decade in both academia and industry, as a target for metastatic disease intervention and life extension. To date, a number of target molecules have been addressed that are linked mechanistically to the various sub-steps associated with metastasis including: i) establishment of angiogenesis at the primary site; ii) locomotion; iii) chemoattraction, homing, and adhesion of the metastatic cells to the defined organs; and iv) establishment of metastatic tumor growth and angiogenesis. The CXCR4/SDF-1 interaction, and the resulting cell signaling cascade, has recently emerged as one of the most relevant such targets as it has been shown to play a key role in all four steps outlined above. A set of small molecule CXCR4 antagonists have been discovered and we are currently in the process of evaluating specificity and potency. WZ40 is currently the most advanced, which potently bind to CXCR4, thus, blocking the CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling process. We have followed this discovery by demonstrating that WZ40 inhibits tumor metastasis by inhibiting the CXCR4/SDF-1 interaction in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Notes: Z. Liang and W. Zhan contributed equally to this work.
Low-Temperature Sintering of a Garnet-Type Li<sub>6.5</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>Ta<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Solid Electrolyte and an All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery (2023)

Garnet-type Ta-substituted Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> materials attract considerable attention as solid electrolytes for use in future oxide-based all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries owing to their superior ionic conductivity and chemical and electrochemical stabilities. However, high-temperature sintering above 1000 °C, which is needed to realize high lithium-ion conductivity, results in the formation of insulating interface impurities at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Herein, the low-temperature sintering of the Li<sub>6.5</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>Ta<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZT) solid electrolyte at a remarkably low temperature of 400 °C was demonstrated using the submicrometer-sized garnet-type LLZT fine powder sample prepared at 600 °C through a reaction of Li<sub>2</sub>O and La<sub>2.4</sub>Zr<sub>1.2</sub>Ta<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. The lithium-ion conductivity at 25 °C was 4.54 × 10<sup>-5</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> without any additives through low-temperature sintering at 400 °C. In addition, the preliminary battery performance of the oxide-based all-solid-state LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> full-battery cell fabricated at 400 °C using the present LLZT fine powder sample as the solid electrolyte was demonstrated.
Spatially-weighted Anomaly Detection (2018)

Many types of anomaly detection methods have been proposed recently, and applied to a wide variety of fields including medical screening and production quality checking. Some methods have utilized images, and, in some cases, a part of the anomaly images is known beforehand. However, this kind of information is dismissed by previous methods, because the methods can only utilize a normal pattern. Moreover, the previous methods suffer a decrease in accuracy due to negative effects from surrounding noises. In this study, we propose a spatially-weighted anomaly detection method (SPADE) that utilizes all of the known patterns and lessens the vulnerability to ambient noises by applying Grad-CAM, which is the visualization method of a CNN. We evaluated our method quantitatively using two datasets, the MNIST dataset with noise and a dataset based on a brief screening test for dementia.
Introduction of a condensed, reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle for additional CO <sub>2</sub> fixation in plants (2022)

Abstract Plants employ the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) to fix atmospheric CO 2 for the production of biomass. The flux of carbon through the CBC is limited by the activity and selectivity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). Alternative pathways that do not use RuBisCO to fix CO 2 exist but occur only in anaerobic microorganisms. Rather than modifying existing routes of carbon metabolism in plants, we have developed a synthetic carbon fixation cycle that does not exist in nature, but is inspired by metabolisms of bacterial autotrophs. This synthetic cycle uses endogenous plant metabolites to fix CO 2 and yield glyoxylate as a product. In this work, we build and characterize a condensed, reverse tricarboxylic acid (crTCA) cycle in vitro and in planta . We demonstrate that a simple, synthetic cycle can be used to fix carbon in vitro under aerobic and mesophilic conditions and that these enzymes retain activity when expressed transiently in planta . We then evaluate stable transgenic lines of Camelina sativa that have both phenotypic and physiologic changes. Transgenic C. sativa are shorter than controls with increased rates of photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation and changes in photorespiratory metabolism. This first iteration of a build-test-learn phase of the crTCA cycle provides promising evidence that this pathway can be used to increase photosynthetic capacity in plants.
Electrostatically actuated micromechanical switches (1997)

Micromechanical switches and relays realized by a simple surface micromachining process are presented. The devices use a nickel cantilever beam and gold-to-gold electrical contact, and are electrostatically actuated. They have lifetimes exceeding 109 cycles, and a current handling capability of 150 mA.
System-Level Design for Liquid Cooled Chiller-Less Data Center (2012)

In 2010, data center power usage amounted to 2% of total US energy consumption [1]. Approximately 25% of the energy consumed is used for IT cooling, which consists of facility refrigeration equipment used to provide computer room air conditioning [2]. As part of a US Department of Energy cost shared grant, a data center test facility was designed and constructed with the goal to demonstrate the potential to reduce IT cooling energy usage to less than 5% of the total IT and facilities energy usage by utilizing warm liquid cooling of the electronics rack. A system thermodynamic model was developed for this liquid cooled chiller-less data center design using theory, numerical simulations and manufacturer’s data sheets. The model was used for the design selection of data center level cooling infrastructure and of server liquid cooling components and for performance estimation of the liquid cooled chiller-less data center design. The system-level model was validated against experimental data and was used to predict the system performance in different geographies.
Flexible transparent conductive materials based on silver nanowire networks: a review (2013)

The class of materials combining high electrical or thermal conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility is crucial for the development of many future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Silver nanowire networks show very promising results and represent a viable alternative to the commonly used, scarce and brittle indium tin oxide. The science and technology research of such networks are reviewed to provide a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of this nanowire-based material while opening attractive new applications.
Capability and limitations of DFIG based wind turbines concerning negative sequence control (2013)

Modern wind turbine systems based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) technology offer negative sequence control capability during grid faults or unsymmetrical system operation. This paper deals especially with the effects of current and voltage limitation of a typically rated converter system design based on positive sequence control requirements. At first a short summary of the most common alternative negative sequence control objectives is given. Then the corresponding rotor side converter (RSC) control algorithms are described. This is followed by typical characteristics of current capabilities as well as voltage constraints. Finally detailed calculations regarding control possibilities and limitations in the positive and negative sequence are shown.
Backscatter-Aided Cooperative Transmission in Wireless-Powered Heterogeneous Networks (2020)

We propose backscatter-aided cooperative transmission for wireless-powered heterogeneous networks (WPHetNets). In WPHetNets, where various kinds of nodes such as high-power base station (e.g., TV tower and macro base station) and small-power access point (e.g., WiFi access point) coexist, we aim to increase transmission range and support fair communication through internet-of-things (IoT) device cooperation. For this, we first propose long-range bistatic backscatter (BB)-aided cooperative transmission with two-device cooperation where ambient backscatter (AB) enables short-range information exchange in sequential mode between devices nearby under energy neutral operation, termed `Cooperation mode'. To ensure fairness between devices, we formulate common-throughput maximization problem where an algorithm for time allocation is presented. Compared with `Non-cooperation mode' (i.e., no information exchange via AB) and active RF based cooperation schemes, the proposed scheme is shown to increase both the coverage and fairness between devices for battery-less IoT networks. We then generalize the architecture of backscatter-aided cooperative transmission with multiple-device cooperation where the information exchange is performed in sequential mode and parallel (broadcasting) mode. In the sequential mode, a graph-matching based suboptimal pairing algorithm is proposed whose validity is corroborated through comparison with a heuristic search based optimal pairing, and then we compare the two modes for multiple-device cooperation.
Studies on enzymatic production of oligosaccharides. part IV Pullulanase-amylase complex enzyme from Bacillus subtilis. (1987)

A novel pullulanase-amylase complex enzyme, which hydrolyzes pullulan into maltotriose as well as starch into maltose and maltotriose as the main products, was found in the culture filtrate of a strain of Bacillus subtilis newly isolated from soil. The enzyme was purified to almost complete homogeneity by means of calcium phosphate gel adsorption, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and Bio-gel A-1.5m filtration. The optimum pH of the pullulanase activity was observed at around 7.0 to 7.5, with a discernible shoulder around pH 5.0. While the optimum pH of the amylase activity was 6-7. The optimum temperatures of the pullulanase and amylase activities were about 60°C and about 50°C, respectively. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 450, 000 by the gel filtration method. The enzyme could be used for the production of glucose from starch with glucoamylase and the production of a new type of syrup containing a relatively high amount of maltotriose, 50-55%, from starch.
A new pitch/yaw stabilized bathymetric survey system (2002)

There is an increasing need in the oil and gas industry, as well as the ocean research community, for mid to deep ocean survey systems that compensate fully for vessel pitch, roll and yaw motion. To respond to this requirement, L-3 Communications SeaBeam Instruments/ELAC Nautik are developing a new wide swath bathymetric sonar system. This system will use a two-dimensional projector array to concentrate the transmit beam in the athwart ship direction as well as the along track direction. By continuously sweeping this concentrated beam in the athwart ship direction while adjusting for ship's motion, complete compensation for pitch and yaw is achieved. As the ship advances, the seafloor is scanned in a series of parallel lines, analogous to a progressive scan CRT. The swept beam technique uses a single sonar frequency to ensonify the entire swath. It is therefore compatible with existing receiver hardware and echo signal processing software. This reduces the development required to implement the new transmitter in a bathymetric system. It also offers advantages in the shallow regions of operation relative to multiple frequency "sector scanned" operation, in that it can be applied at the shortest pulse widths consistent with frequency and array size. This allows not only full pitch and yaw compensation over the entire range of operation, but also opens the possibility for near field focusing, allowing the system to maintain its maximum resolution to its shallowest operating depth. The beam sweeps from one side of the swath to the other through a series of intermediate waypoints. The waypoints are at fixed across track angles. The angles with respect to the projector array are calculated dynamically each ping to compensate for vessel motion.
Portable mass spectrometer with one or more mechanically adjustable electrostatic sectors and a mechanically adjustable magnetic sector all mounted in (1992)

This patent describes a portable mass spectrometer. It comprises: a vacuum chamber; a source of material to be analyzed; an ionization chamber coupled to the vacuum chamber and adapted to receive material to be analyzed from the source and to form an ion beam comprising ions of the material; an adjustable electrostatic sector in the vacuum chamber generally aligned with the ion beam emerging from the ionization chamber; mechanical means for adjusting the electrostatic sector to focus the ion beam; an adjustable magnetic sector in the vacuum chamber generally aligned with the path of the ion beam emerging from the electrostatic sector; mechanical means for adjusting the magnetic sector to focus the ion beam; and detection means for detecting the ion beam focused by the electrostatic sector and the magnetic sector.
A functional model and simulation of spinal motor pools and intrafascicular recordings of motoneuron activity in peripheral nerve (2014)

Decoding motor intent from recorded neural signals is essential for the development of effective neural-controlled prostheses. To facilitate the development of online decoding algorithms we have developed a software platform to simulate neural motor signals recorded with peripheral nerve electrodes, such as longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs). The simulator uses stored motor intent signals to drive a pool of simulated motoneurons with various spike shapes, recruitment characteristics, and firing frequencies. Each electrode records a weighted sum of a subset of simulated motoneuron activity patterns. As designed, the simulator facilitates development of a suite of test scenarios that would not be possible with actual data sets because, unlike with actual recordings, in the simulator the individual contributions to the simulated composite recordings are known and can be methodically varied across a set of simulation runs. In this manner, the simulation tool is suitable for iterative development of real-time decoding algorithms prior to definitive evaluation in amputee subjects with implanted electrodes. The simulation tool was used to produce data sets that demonstrate its ability to capture some features of neural recordings that pose challenges for decoding algorithms.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bupropion Analogues as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Smoking Cessation (2010)

A series of bupropion (1a) analogues (1b-1ff) were synthesized, and their in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties evaluated with the goal of developing a 1a analogue that had better properties for treating addictions. Their in vitro pharmacological properties were examined by [(3)H]dopamine ([(3)H]DA), [(3)H]serotonin ([(3)H]5HT), and [(3)H]norepinephrine ([(3)H]NE) uptake inhibition studies, and by binding studies at the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters using [(125)I]RTI-55 in cloned transporters. Several analogues showed increased [(3)H]DA uptake inhibition with reduced or little change in [(3)H]5HT and [(3)H]NE uptake inhibition relative to bupropion. Thirty-five analogues were evaluated in a 1 h locomotor activity observation test and 32 in an 8 h locomotor activity observation test and compared to the locomotor activity of cocaine. Twenty-four analogues were evaluated for generalization to cocaine drug discrimination after i.p. administration, and twelve analogues were tested in a time course cocaine discrimination study using oral administration. 2-(N-Cyclopropylamino)-3-chloropropiophenone (1x) had the most favorable in vitro efficacy and in vivo pharmacological profile for an indirect dopamine agonist pharmacotherapy for treating cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and other drugs of abuse addiction.
Ultraviolet AlGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes (2003)

We demonstrate ultraviolet emission from current-injection AlGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes grown on sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Lasing was obtained in gain-guided laser diode test structures with uncoated facets and cavity length ranging from 400 to 1500 μm. Under pulsed bias conditions, threshold current densities as low as 23 kA/cm2 have been achieved for laser diodes with emission wavelengths between 359.7 and 361.6 nm. The maximum output power was 45 mW per facet with differential quantum efficiencies of 1.3%.