gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mullite Whiskers and Mullite-whisker Felt (1993)

The Naval Surface Warfare Center has developed processes for the preparation of mullite (3(Al2O3)(dot)2(SiO2)) whiskers and mullite-whisker felt. Three patents on the technology were issued in 1990. The processes are based on chemical reactions between AlF3, Al2O3, and SiO2. The felt is formed in-situ during the processing of shaped powdered precursors. It consists of randomly oriented whiskers which are mutually intergrown forming a rigid structure. The microstructure and properties of the felt and size of the whiskers can be modified by varying the amount of Al2O3 in the starting mixture. Loose mullite whiskers can be used as a reinforcement for polymer-, metal-, and ceramic-matrix composites. The felt can be used as preforms for fabricating composite materials as well as for thermal insulation and high temperature, chemically stable filters for liquids (melts) and gases.
An Efficient Method for Production of Uridine 5′-Diphospho-<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine (2000)

Uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) has been synthesized by a yeast-based method from 5'-UMP and glucosamine, in which yeast cells catalyze the conversion of 5'-UMP to 5'-UTP and provide enzymes involved in UDP-GlcNAc synthesis using 5'-UTP and glucosamine as substrates. However, this conventional method is not suitable for practical production of UDP-GlcNAc because of the low yield of the product. We found that the yqgR gene product of Bacillus subtilis, which has been identified as a glucokinase, can catalyze the phosphorylation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to give GlcNAc-6-phosphate, an intermediate of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis. The addition of the yqgR gene product to the yeast-based reaction system enabled us to synthesize UDP-GlcNAc using GlcNAc in place of glucosamine. The addition of two enzymes, GlcNAc-phosphate mutase and UDP-GlcNAc pyrophosphorylase, increased the yield of UDP-GlcNAc. Using this novel method, UDP-GlcNAc was produced at an amount of 78 mM from 100 mM 5'-UMP and 100 mM GlcNAc.
A novel mosaicking algorithm for in vivo full-field thickness mapping of the human tympanic membrane using low coherence interferometry (Conference Presentation) (2016)

Tympanic membrane (TM) thickness can provide crucial information for diagnosing several middle ear pathologies. An imaging system integrating low coherence interferometry (LCI) with the standard video otoscope has been shown as a promising tool for quantitative assessment of in-vivo TM thickness. The small field-of-view (FOV) of TM surface images acquired by the combined LCI-otoscope system, however, makes the spatial registration of the LCI imaging sites and their location on the TM difficult to achieve. It is therefore desirable to have a tool that can map the imaged points on to an anatomically accurate full-field surface image of the TM. To this end, we propose a novel automated mosaicking algorithm for generating a full-field surface image of the TM with co-registered LCI imaging sites from a sequence of multiple small FOV images and corresponding LCI data. Traditional image mosaicking techniques reported in the biomedical literature, mostly for retinal imaging, are not directly applicable to TM image mosaicking because unlike retinal images, which have several distinctive features, TM images contain large homogeneous areas lacking in sharp features. The proposed algorithm overcomes these challenges of TM image mosaicking by following a two-step approach. In the first step, a coarse registration based on the correlation of gross image features is performed. Subsequently, in the second step, the coarsely registered images are used to perform a finer intensity-based co-registration. The proposed algorithm is used to generate, for the first time, full-field thickness distribution maps of in-vivo human TMs.
Dermal drug delivery by liposome encapsulation: Clinical and electron microscopic studies (1990)

The fate of liposomes and the encapsulated drug was studied after topical application on the skin. Lidocaine applied on the forearm of human volunteers produced greater local anaesthetic effect in the liposomal form than in the cream form (p less than or equal to 0.001 after 1 h application). Autoradiography demonstrated higher concentration (p less than or equal to 0.01) of 14C-lidocaine in the epidermis and dermis of guinea pigs treated with liposome-encapsulated lidocaine as opposed to lidocaine in Dermabase cream. Electron microscopic observations, using colloidal iron as an electrodense marker, indicated that intact liposomes penetrated into the skin and deposited in the dermis where they acted as a slow release depot system. On the basis of results in the human volunteers and animals, a hypothetical model for liposome-skin interaction is proposed.
The Development of a Surface Arthroplasty for the Elbow (1986)

Complex kinematics, anatomical features, and load distribution have contributed to the poor function of constrained and semiconstrained cemented arthroplasties of the elbow. Resurfacing by porous-coated components has the potential, by reproduction of normal joint geometry and restoration of ligament balance, to re-create relatively normal kinematics and load-bearing and provide relief of pain. A method was developed to provide information on the geometry of the lower humeral joint surface and olecranon fossa. The information gained was used to design components to resurface the trochlea, capitellum, and olecranon fossa. A technique was also developed to remove a minimal amount of subchondral bone from the ulna and humerus in a precisely directed fashion for exact fit of the porous-coated components.
Increased Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering Functionality Using the Active Pinion Concept (2006)

The traditional way of assisting car drivers during steering is with the help of hydraulic power assisted steering (HPAS) systems, which were introduced in the 1960's. In these systems, the torque ...
Stabilization of a channeled spectropolarimeter by self-calibration (2006)

A novel method to stabilize a channeled spectropolarimeter is described. The fluctuating retardations of the high-order retarders used in the spectropolarimeter are calibrated in parallel to the measurement of the wavenumber-dependent state of polarization (SOP) of light. Both the calibration of the retarders and the measurement of the SOP can be made simultaneously using a single light to be measured, and hence the resultant wavenumber-dependent SOP is almost immune to fluctuation of the retardations. The effectiveness of this method is experimentally demonstrated with retardation fluctuations induced by a temperature change up to 40 degrees C.
<title>JPEG decompression with reduced artifacts</title> (1994)

The major artifacts of JPEG compressed images are blocking and ringing, which are mainly due to the quantization of low frequency and high frequency DCT components respectively. The ringing artifacts are particularly dominant in document images, where sharp edges present commonly in text and graphics are more likely to be encountered. In this paper we describe a decompression algorithm with reduction in both ringing and blocking artifacts.
Preparation of 1‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(6H)‐ones as Potent, Selective and Bioavailable Inhibitors of Coagulation Factor Xa. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Defect-engineered zeolite porosity and accessibility (2020)

The rational use of intrinsic and chemically induced defects makes zeolite dissolution go beyond the limit set by the zeolite structure and synthesis conditions and allows the tuning of zeolite porosity and acidity at the meso- and nano-scale.
Cyclic Test of Concrete Bridge Column Utilizing Ultra-High Performance Concrete Shell (2020)

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a durable material that can be used in constructing new and unique structural elements. This research utilizes UHPC to construct prefabricated shells that act as stay-in-place forms for bridge columns and eliminate the use of traditional formwork. These innovative structural elements reduce the on-site construction time, improve the structural performance of the column, and act as a protective layer in aggressive environments. Generally, during the construction process, the prefabricated UHPC shell is placed around the column reinforcement, which is fabricated using conventional methods. To connect the UHPC shell and column reinforcement with the footing and footing dowels, a step made of UHPC is utilized. The UHPC step connection is designed to shift the plastic hinge away from the column-to-footing interface. In the next stage, normal concrete is cast inside the shell, forming a concrete-filled UHPC shell. The final stage of construction involves placing and connecting a prefabricated cap-beam using the same UHPC step connection. The column specimen was tested under constant axial load and incremental lateral load. In this test, the UHPC shell cracked on the north side at a drift ratio of 3%; however, the column had a significant capacity and behaved similarly to a conventional reinforced concrete column during higher cycles of drift ratios. The test was completed after the column had reached a drift ratio of 7.5% when the first bar ruptured. No damage occurred in the footing and UHPC step which proved that the design was successful in shifting the plastic hinge away from the column-to-footing interface.
Laser assisted machining: Its potential and future (2010)

Laser-assisted machining has emerged as a promising technique for improving machinability and reducing the cost of difficult-to-machine materials. This paper highlights some of the key developments in laser-assisted machining as applied to ceramics, metals and metal matrix composites. The beneficial attributes LAM offers are described in terms of cutting force, surface finish, surface integrity and tool life. In addition, economic benefits of LAM are presented as case studies for certain materials. Finally, the future potentials of LAM are discussed.
Compressed Sensing for MRI (2011)

This work explores and extends the concept of applying compressed sensing to MRI. Asuccessful CS reconstruction requires incoherent measurements,signal sparsity, and a nonlinearsparsity promoting reconstruction. To optimize the performance of CS, the acquisition, thesparsifying transform and the reconstruction have to be adapted to the application of interest.This work presents new approaches for sampling, signal sparsity and reconstruction, which areapplied to three important applications: dynamic MR imaging, MR parameter mapping andchemical-shift based water-fat separation.The methods presented in this work allow to more fully exploit the potential of compressedsensing to improve imaging speed. Future development of these methods, and combination withexisting techniques for fast imaging, holds the potential to improve the diagnostic quality ofexisting clinical MR imaging techniques and to open up opportunities for entirely new clinicalapplications of MRI.
A big data approach to acoustic model training corpus selection (2014)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently become the state of the art technology in speech recognition systems. In this paper we propose a new approach to constructing large high quality unsupervised sets to train DNN models for large vocabulary speech recognition. The core of our technique consists of two steps. We first redecode speech logged by our production recognizer with a very accurate (and hence too slow for real-time usage) set of speech models to improve the quality of ground truth transcripts used for training alignments. Using confidence scores, transcript length and transcript flattening heuristics designed to cull salient utterances from three decades of speech per language, we then carefully select training data sets consisting of up to 15K hours of speech to be used to train acoustic models without any reliance on manual transcription. We show that this approach yields models with approximately 18K context dependent states that achieve 10% relative improvement in large vocabulary dictation and voice-search systems for Brazilian Portuguese, French, Italian and Russian languages.
Closed-loop field conjugation using decentralized multi-conjugate adaptive optics (2007)

Imaging through turbulence using adaptive optics is limited by scintillation, even with perfect wavefront sensing and reconstruction. Such errors can be mitigated in closed loop by multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems consisting of two phase correctors, each of which is driven by a pair of wavefront sensor phase measurements, along with an internal probe beam that samples the beam train along a common path while propagating in the opposite direction as the external signal beam or beacon wavefront that samples the turbulence. With this arrangement, not only direct measurement and feedback of irradiance but also intensive and/or highly coupled nonlinear control algorithms can be avoided in favor of more conventional, simple, decentralized linear control laws. Linear stability analysis of such systems is feasible in spatial frequency domain, and nonlinear wave-optic simulations in time domain suggest that, given sufficient temporal bandwidth, rejection of combined phase and amplitude disturbances can be enhanced by a factor of two or more (as quantified by error variances or Strehl ratio logarithms). Previous studies by other authors are extended using simplified regularization methods.
Unsupervised Learning of Metric Representations with Slow Features from Omnidirectional Views (2020)

Unsupervised learning of Self-Localization with Slow Feature Analysis (SFA) using omnidirectional camera input has been shown to be a viable alternative to established SLAM approaches. Previous models for SFA self-localization purely relied on omnidirectional visual input. The model led to globally consistent localization in SFA space but the lack of odometry integration reduced the local accuracy. However, odometry integration and other downstream usage of localization require a common coordinate system, which previously was based on an external metric ground truth measurement system. Here, we show an autonomous unsupervised approach to generate accurate metric representations from SFA outputs without external sensors. We assume locally linear trajectories of a robot, which is consistent with, for example, driving patterns of robotic lawn mowers. This geometric constraint allows a formulation of an optimization problem for the regression from slow feature values to the robot’s position. We show that the resulting accuracy on test data is comparable to supervised regression based on external sensors. Based on this result, using a Kalman filter for fusion of SFA localization and odometry is shown to further increase localization accuracy over the supervised regression model.
Fault-Tolerant Homopolar Magnetic Bearings (2004)

This paper summarizes the development of a novel magnetic suspension that improves reliability via fault-tolerant operation. The suspension is suitable for flywheels used in satellites and space stations for attitude control and energy storage. Specifically, we show that flux coupling between poles of a homopolar magnetic bearing can deliver desired forces even after termination of coil currents to a subset of "failed poles". Linear, coordinate-decoupled force-voltage relations are also maintained before and after failure by bias linearization. We determined current distribution matrices that adjust the currents and fluxes following a pole set failure for many faulted pole combinations. We used one-dimensional magnetic circuit models with fringe and leakage factors derived from detailed, three-dimensional finite-element field models to obtain the current distribution matrices and the system response. Reliability is based on the success criterion that catcher bearing-shaft contact does not occur after pole failures. The magnetic bearing reliability is improved by increasing the number of the radial poles. An advantage of our method over other redundant approaches is a significantly reduced requirement for backup hardware such as additional actuators or power amplifiers.
Occlusive-cuff controller (1976)

Device can be automatically set to supply desired amount of pressure for given time and may be triggered manually or from patient's electrocardiograph.
Finite Tunneling Spin Polarization at the Compensation Point of Rare-Earth-Metal–Transition-Metal Alloys (2005)

We show, using superconducting tunneling spectroscopy and tunneling magnetoresistance measurements, that ferrimagnetic alloys of Co and Gd can exhibit both positive and negative spin polarization depending on temperature and composition. These observations can be understood by considering the relative contributions of independent spin-polarized tunneling currents from the rare-earth-metal and transition-metal subnetwork magnetizations, which are coupled antiferromagnetically. At the compensation point of the alloy, where the subnetwork magnetizations are equal and the alloy has nearly zero net magnetization, nevertheless large tunneling spin polarization is observed.
Security context transfer in vertical handover (2004)

This paper presents solutions for security context transfer for vertical handover between heterogeneous networks. Seamless vertical handover is an important function of Beyond 3G systems. Context transfer can help support seamless vertical handover while maintaining required security level. So as to come to solutions for security context transfer, this paper first analyses trust relationship between different participants of vertical handover and gives a definition of security context. Context transfer schemes for no coupling, loose coupling and tight coupling of networks are then presented.
Spin Transfer Torque Memory With Thermal Assist Mechanism: A Case Study (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We have investigated spin transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) with a thermal-assist programming scheme using finite-element thermal simulation. We conducted the study on a specific memory element design to analyze the thermal dynamics and thermal programming mechanism. We paid particular attention to the scalability and design potential of the thermal-assist programming scheme by varying the memory element dimension and resistance-area product. In addition we systematically analyzed and compared thermal-assisted STT-RAM and standard STT-RAM based on these results. Finally, we provide a summary of the programming scheme and some recommendations for improving writeability and scalability of this technology. </para>
Narrow-ridge interband cascade laser emitting high CW power (2006)

A five-stage interband cascade laser with ridge width 22 µm and Au electro-plating for improved epitaxial-side-up heatsinking emits >260 mW per facet for CW operation at 80 K (λ=3.4 µm) and 100 mW at 200 K (λ=3.6 µm). The maximum CW operating temperature is 250 K, and the beam quality for a sister device without Au electro-plating is 1.5–3.8 times the diffraction limit.
Shake meter (2016)

In this paper, we intend to demonstrate a novel system to measure the high-speed vibration of an anonymous vibrating object using COTS camera and optical strobing. The whole process is unobtrusive and frugal, can be used in machine inspection. The camera used has a frame rate of 30 frames per second (fps), so in conventional fashion, it is incapable to detain significant information about any vibration frequency which is not in the range of Nyquist theory of frequency (within a range of ±15 Hz). We have solved the challenge using optical strobing phenomena for capturing modulo (of division) between object's frequency and strobing frequency using camera. Motion in the video is tracked by conventional image processing technique. Finally, object vibration is calculated from the frequency plot and optical strobing frequency. Under most of the cases, the application estimates vibration frequency values, within a range of ±1.5% of error.
Use of the Boulder Model to Predict Coupling between Dipoles in the Core and Chiral Tail of Fluorinated Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1991)

Abstract Ferroelectric (chiral) smectic C* liquid crystals have been shown to exhibit high speed, multistate electro-optic, display device and opto-electronic computing applications, particularly when incorporated into the surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) light valve. High polarizations are necessary to achieve the speeds desired in opto-electronic computing, waveguide, and fiber-optic applications. By coupling the dipole(s) in the core of the FLC with dipole(s) associated with the chiral tail, a significant increase in polarization can be achieved. Use of the Boulder Model allows us to examine the most probable conformations of an FLC molecule in a hypothetical smectic C “binding site” and thereby predict the sign and order of magnitude of the spontaneous polarization based on electronic and steric arguments for the particular chemical structure.
Automatic Real-time Left Ventricular Tracking in 3D Echocardiography : Using probabilistic contour tracking and sequential state estimation algorithms (2006)

This thesis presents a new framework for automatic real-time left ventricular (LV) tracking in 3D+T echocardiography. The framework enables usage of existing biomechanical deformation models for the heart, with nonlinear modes of deformation, combined with edge models for the endocardium boundary. Tracking is performed in a sequential state estimation fashion, using an extended Kalman filter to recursively predict and update contour deformations in real-time. Contours are detected using normal-displacement measurements from points on the predicted contour, and are processed efficiently using an information-filter formulation of the Kalman filter. Promising results are shown for LV-tracking using a truncated ellipsoid contour model, with deformation parameters for translation, rotation, scaling and bending in all three dimensions. The tracking framework automatically detects LV position initially, even in situations where it is partially outside the volume. It also successfully tracks the dominant motion throughout the heart cycle, and correctly identifies the long-axis.
A bioprosthetic ovary created using 3D printed microporous scaffolds restores ovarian function in sterilized mice (2017)

Emerging additive manufacturing techniques enable investigation of the effects of pore geometry on cell behavior and function. Here, we 3D print microporous hydrogel scaffolds to test how varying pore geometry, accomplished by manipulating the advancing angle between printed layers, affects the survival of ovarian follicles. 30° and 60° scaffolds provide corners that surround follicles on multiple sides while 90° scaffolds have an open porosity that limits follicle-scaffold interaction. As the amount of scaffold interaction increases, follicle spreading is limited and survival increases. Follicle-seeded scaffolds become highly vascularized and ovarian function is fully restored when implanted in surgically sterilized mice. Moreover, pups are born through natural mating and thrive through maternal lactation. These findings present an in vivo functional ovarian implant designed with 3D printing, and indicate that scaffold pore architecture is a critical variable in additively manufactured scaffold design for functional tissue engineering.