gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in monoamine transmitter concentration in freshwater mussel tissues (1992)

Freshwater mussels were analyzed for biogenic amine transmitter substances in gill tissue, suprabranchial nerve and blood. Gill tissue from normal pondwater-acclimated mussels contained significant amounts of monoamine neurotransmitter substances. In comparison with the suprabranchial nerve the gill tissue contained 42% of the dopamine, 7% of the serotonin and 490% of norepinephrine. Exposing the animals to deionized water (salt-depleted) resulted in a loss of transmitter substances from gill tissue, but serotonin reduction was modest. The mussel gill tissue content of serotonin and the precursor tryptophan was regulated at nearly constant levels. Serotonin is an important transmitter substance in mussels and the many functions it controls, including sodium transport regulation, would depend on its continued presence.
High-Reliability Sub-Nanosecond Network Time Synchronization Method Enabled by Double-Frequency Distributed Time Synchronization (2018)

Time synchronization is a long-standing challenge in distributed systems like indoor/outdoor positioning, coordinated multi-point in 4G/5G mobile communication, etc., which require nanosecond-level high-reliable time sync networks. At present, a widely adopted solution for time sync networks is the precision time protocol specified in IEEE 1588v2, which can provide sub-microsecond sync accuracy. In addition, a novel network time sync method called distributed time synchronization has also been proposed recently, which can achieve 50-ns-level accuracy and stronger survivability in metro, regional, and backbone networks. However, both of the above methods encounter difficulties in achieving nanosecond sync accuracy and network reliability simultaneously. In this paper, by analyzing the main factors influencing the degradation of time sync accuracy, we reveal that the finite clock resolution is a major barrier to achieving nanosecond-level time synchronization. In order to establish a low-cost, high-reliability, and sub-nanosecond-level time sync network, we propose a novel network time sync method called double-frequency distributed time synchronization (DF-DTS). By selecting two specific and distinct frequencies for the sending and receiving clocks of the nodes/devices being synchronized, the time sync errors induced by the finite clock resolution can be reduced by a statistical approach. We set up a theoretical model for the DF-DTS and analyze the time sync accuracy through both mathematical derivations and network simulations. Furthermore, we propose a failure-restoration mechanism to enhance the reliability of DF-DTS networks by improving the time sync accuracy under failures and reducing the failure recovery time. Finally, we conduct both point-to-point and network time sync experiments to validate the proposed DF-DTS method. The results demonstrate that DF-DTS can achieve sub-nanosecond-level sync accuracy that is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the clock resolution in a prototype four-node DF-DTS network. Moreover, a network simulation under failure cases is conducted, and the results show that our method has significant advantages in both time sync accuracy and recovery time in the failure-restoration process compared to IEEE 1588v2.
A New Approach to Design of Cross-Linked Second-Order Nonlinear Optical (1991)

Abstract : A new class of crosslinked second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers has been developed by processing a NLO-dye and a polymer similar to conventional 'doped polymer' system. Intermolecular crosslinking was carried out by UV radiation subsequent to electric field induced poling of the composite. Cinnamate (C6H5-CH=CH-CO2-) and styrylacrylate (C6H5-CH=CH-CH=CH-CO2-) moieties are selected as the photoreactive chromophores which are attached to both the NLO molecules at two positions and randomly substituted to a vinyl polymer. The poled crosslinked polymers exhibit stable nonlinear activity over a long period of time as characterized by temporal response of second-harmonic generation signal and UV absorption characteristics.
Fluidized bed combustion: Achievements and problems. Invited Review (1996)

A survey is made of fluidized bed combustion with special emphasis on the behavior of the combustion chamber of an atmospheric circulating fluidized bed combustor. The following subjects are briefly touched: mixing and combustion of fuel, desulfurization, and formation of nitrogen oxides, especially N2O. The general conclusion is that there is much work done concerning fluidized bed combustiion in the form of laboratory studies, but it is uncertain how this information can be translated to the combustion chamber processes, principally because the actual processes occurring in a large-scale combustion chamber are not sufficiently known.
Targeting therapy to the neuromuscular junction: Proof of concept (2013)

We demonstrate a method to effectively target a therapeutic agent to the NMJ.
A critical condition in Fresnel diffraction used for ultra-high resolution lithographic printing (2000)

10.1088/0022-3727/33/17/307
Wireless wideband SAW sensor - antenna design (2010)

Wireless SAW RFID sensors offer several advantages over similar silicon technology that include passive operation, radiation hardness, and the ability to operate in extreme temperatures. Due to these unique material and device properties, NASA has shown considerable interest in passive, wireless SAW sensors for ground and space flight operations. Several embodiments of SAW sensors have been well established in literature, but often the limiting factor on device size and performance is the tag antenna. Therefore, in order to develop a unified sensor target, a discussion of design principles and tradeoffs for both the SAW device and antenna will be presented in this paper. Antennas designed and fabricated will be presented, including a simple disk monopole, a planar open-sleeve dipole, and an on-wafer meandered dipole, with a discussion on gain, size, and bandwidth. The evolution of the antenna design is toward smaller antennas that minimize tradeoffs. The eventual wafer level integration of the antenna allows the sensor application to exploit some of the known SAW substrate advantages and has application in high temperature or strain sensors. Example orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) temperature sensors on YZ-LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> for use at 250 and 915MHz will be used as device examples. By properly designing the combined antenna/SAW target matching, insertion loss can be minimized and range increased. Experimental results on the integration of several sensor targets will be presented. Work presented is a foundation for a realizable wireless, multi-sensor platform.
Fabry-Perot laser based wavelength converter without external injection (2009)

We propose an all optical wavelength converter using a multi-longitudinal-mode Fabry-Perot laser diode without any external probe beam or external build-in cavity. The proposed converter apparatus is simple and cost-effective for WDM network applications.
Titanium-Containing Porous Silica Prepared by a Modified Sol−Gel Method (1999)

Titanium-containing porous silica with a mesostructured unit as secondary pore walls has been synthesized at room temperature by a modified sol−gel method using a structure-directing agent. The transparent gel formed as a precursor resulted in high titanium incorporation in the silicate framework of up to 15 mol % Ti. The increase in Ti in the silicate network was accompanied by a change in the framework porosity from mesoporous to microporous properties. Microporous samples with more than 12 mol % Ti have a high specific surface area of over 900 m2/g at 500 °C and a uniform micropore diameter of 0.84−0.90 nm, irrespective of the broad pore size distribution for mesoporous products. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Raman spectra, and UV−vis spectra indicated that most Ti atoms were incorporated as isolated Ti sites into the silicate framework up to 15 mol % Ti, while additional small amounts of a titania phase were formed in the silica matrix at 25 mol % Ti. The products exhibit catalytic activities in the liquid phase in peroxide oxidations of olefins with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and reveal a higher conversion on cyclic than on linear olefins.
The Hybrid Sulfur Cycle for Nuclear Hydrogen Production (2005)

Two Sulfur-based cycles--the Sulfur-Iodine (SI) and the Hybrid Sulfur (HyS)--have emerged as the leading thermochemical water-splitting processes for producing hydrogen utilizing the heat from advanced nuclear reactors. Numerous international efforts have been underway for several years to develop the SI Cycle, but development of the HyS Cycle has lagged. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the background, current status, recent development results, and the future potential for this thermochemical process. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology since 2004 to evaluate and to conduct research and development for the HyS Cycle. Process design studies and flowsheet optimization have shown that an overall plant efficiency (based on nuclear heat converted to hydrogen product, higher heating value basis) of over 50% is possible with this cycle. Economic studies indicate that a nuclear hydrogen plant based on this process can be economically competitive, assuming that the key component, the sulfur dioxide-depolarized electrolyzer, can be successfully developed. SRNL has recently demonstrated the use of a proton-exchange-membrane electrochemical cell to perform this function, thus holding promise for economical and efficient hydrogen production.
Water‐Thawing of Fish Using Low Frequency Acoustics (1982)

ABSTRACT Blocks of Pacific cod (plate frozen; 91‐mm thickness and 12.7 kg) were thawed in an 18°C circulated water bath and simultaneously exposed to 1500 Hz acoustic energy not exceeding 60 watts. A ceramic transducer was positioned for light contact with a frozen block. A motorized belt moved the block in order to distribute the 239 cm 2 transducer over the 1500 cm 2 block surface. At 60 watts continuous input to the transducer, the block thawed in 71% less time than water‐only controls. Quality analyses indicated that the flesh was not adversely affected by the acoustic waves.
Angular spectrum tailoring in solid immersion microscopy (2008)

We present a technique that involves tailoring the angular spectrum in optical microscopy of silicon integrated circuits, with a solid immersion lens. Spatial light modulation to select only supercritical light at the substrate/dielectric interface, yields only evanescent and scattered light in the interconnect layers. We demonstrated the technique in optical excitation microscopy of 65nm silicon-on-insulator circuits, which enabled localization of a fault during microprocessor development. Acquiring images with and without angular spectrum tailoring allowed longitudinal localization of the electrical response to optical excitation. Lateral registration of electrical response and confocal reflection images to the circuit layout was also significantly improved.
Invariant Pattern Recognition by Semi-Definite Programming Machines (2003)

Knowledge about local invariances with respect to given pattern transformations can greatly improve the accuracy of classification.
Isolation of Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus (LAV) and Detection of LAV Antibodies From US Patients With AIDS (1985)

A human retrovirus was isolated from the peripheral blood of three American patients newly diagnosed with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In each case the major core viral protein (p25) was shown to be antigenically identical to that of the prototype lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). Two of the viral isolates were derived from intravenous narcotics abusers, the first demonstration of LAV isolation from this risk group. Antibody to LAV was detected by an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serum samples of these and 14 additional American patients with AIDS and in none of 12 hospital worker controls. These findings provide support for the etiologic association of LAV and AIDS.
Approaches to the Engineering of Hemoglobin‐Based Oxygen Carriers (2004)

SUMMARY Molecular biology offers the opportunity to construct hemoglobin molecules as blood substitutes tailored to specific therapeutic applications. Oxygen affinity can be manipulated by amino acid substitutions in the heme pocket or on the protein surface. A response to the concentration of plasma‐Cl ‐ that mimics the effect of 2,3‐DPG was also introduced in human Hb. Polymerization of tetrameric Hb prevents the vasoconstriction associated with infusion of Hb solutions. Polymers have been obtained through the formation of intermolecular S‐S bonds between cysteine residues introduced on the Hb surface. In a mouse model, transfusion of polymeric hemoglobins reduced the volume of cerebral infarction. This effect was particularly evident with polymers having a high oxygen affinity (P 50 ≤˜2.0 Torr) and no cooperativity (n = 1). These are the same functional characteristics of myoglobin. Polymers of myoglobin have been constructed and could be a viable alternative to the use of polymeric hemoglobins in some pathological conditions.
Computational Discovery of Li–M–O Ion Exchange Materials for Lithium Extraction from Brines (2018)

Lithium is an essential element for today’s high-performance batteries. Brine resources contain most of the world’s lithium reserves, but conventional processes for extracting lithium from brines are limited by low lithium recovery and large evaporation ponds. Lithium ion exchange is an alternative extraction method with potential to access lower-quality resources and decrease costs. Ion exchange materials absorb lithium from brine resources and then release the lithium in acid while absorbing hydrogen. New ion exchange materials are sought to facilitate this transformative approach. We use high-throughput density functional theory and specific ion interaction theory to predict promising new lithium metal oxide compounds suitable for lithium extraction. Starting from the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD) of ∼400,000 compounds, we consider 77 candidate lithium metal oxide compounds that are stable or nearly stable in their lithiated states. We interrogate this list for compounds that thermodynamically release lithium while binding hydrogen in acid and that also release hydrogen while binding lithium in brine. We further screen for selective binding of lithium relative to sodium in brine. We find that most candidate compounds either bind lithium in both acid and brine solutions or bind hydrogen in both acid and brine solutions. Such compounds are not suitable for lithium ion exchange. However, we identify nine compounds that are most promising for lithium extraction from brines: LiAlO2, LiCuO2, Li2MnO3, Li4Mn5O12, Li2SnO3, Li4TiO4, Li4Ti5O12, Li7Ti11O24, and Li3VO4. Four additional compounds are promising when the pH of the brine is adjusted to 10 to help drive hydrogen release: Li2TiO3, LiTiO2, Li2FeO3, and Li2Si3O7. Four of the previously mentioned compounds are also promising for Li extraction from seawater: Li2MnO3, Li4Mn5O12, Li7Ti11O24, and Li3VO4.
Bovine colostrum improves neonatal growth, digestive function, and gut immunity relative to donor human milk and infant formula in preterm pigs (2016)

Mother's own milk is the optimal first diet for preterm infants, but donor human milk (DM) or infant formula (IF) is used when supply is limited. We hypothesized that a gradual introduction of bovine colostrum (BC) or DM improves gut maturation, relative to IF during the first 11 days after preterm birth. Preterm pigs were fed gradually advancing doses of BC, DM, or IF (3-15 ml·kg(-1)·3 h(-1), n = 14-18) before measurements of gut structure, function, microbiology, and immunology. The BC pigs showed higher body growth, intestinal hexose uptake, and transit time and reduced diarrhea and gut permeability, relative to DM and IF pigs (P < 0.05). Relative to IF pigs, BC pigs also had lower density of mucosa-associated bacteria and of some putative pathogens in colon, together with higher intestinal villi, mucosal mass, brush-border enzyme activities, colonic short chain fatty acid levels, and bacterial diversity and an altered expression of immune-related genes (higher TNFα, IL17; lower IL8, TLR2, TFF, MUC1, MUC2) (all P < 0.05). Values in DM pigs were intermediate. Severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was observed in >50% of IF pigs, while only subclinical intestinal lesions were evident from DM and BC pigs. BC, and to some degree DM, are superior to preterm IF in stimulating gut maturation and body growth, using a gradual advancement of enteral feeding volume over the first 11 days after preterm birth in piglets. Whether the same is true in preterm infants remains to be tested.
Bamboo fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites: Crystallization and interfacial morphology (1997)

Bamboo fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared. PP and two maleated polypropylenes (s-MAPP and m-MAPP) were used as matrices. Crystallization and interfacial morphology were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and optical microscopy. It has been shown that the addition of bamboo fiber to any of the three polymers causes an increase in the overall crystallization rate. A considerable amount of β-form crystallinity was produced in the PP, s-MAPP, and m-MAPP by mixing with bamboo fiber; and all the bamboo fiber-filled samples contain both the α- and the β-forms. The relative amount of the β-form in the samples was calculated from WAXD data by the K value. There is no β-form observed in the pure PP, s-MAPP, and m-MAPP. Bamboo fiber acted as both a reinforcement and a β-nucleator. The nucleation density of both s-MAPP and m-MAPP at the fiber surface is remarkably higher than that of PP because an improved interfacial adhesion is reached in the case of s-MAPP and m-MAPP as matrices. The transcrystalline growth of s-MAPP and m-MAPP on the bamboo fiber surface was observed under optical microscope with crossed polars. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1267–1273, 1997
CO2 Laser-assisted Sclerectomy Surgery Part I (2011)

The results in these experimental studies indicated that CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery using the OT-134 system is a safe and efficacious procedure for achieving effective fluid percolation.
High Performance Graph Convolutional Networks with Applications in Testability Analysis (2019)

Applications of deep learning to electronic design automation (EDA) have recently begun to emerge, although they have mainly been limited to processing of regular structured data such as images. However, many EDA problems require processing irregular structures, and it can be non-trivial to manually extract important features in such cases. In this paper, a high performance graph convolutional network (GCN) model is proposed for the purpose of processing irregular graph representations of logic circuits. A GCN classifier is firstly trained to predict observation point candidates in a netlist. The GCN classifier is then used as part of an iterative process to propose observation point insertion based on the classification results. Experimental results show the proposed GCN model has superior accuracy to classical machine learning models on difficult-to-observation nodes prediction. Compared with commercial testability analysis tools, the proposed observation point insertion flow achieves similar fault coverage with an 11% reduction in observation points and a 6% reduction in test pattern count.
50-Gb/s silicon optical modulator with traveling-wave electrodes (2013)

We demonstrate silicon Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) optical modulator with 50.1-Gb/s data rate and 5.56 dB dynamic extinction ratios. The phase shifter is composed by a 4 mm-long reverse-biased p-n junction with a modulation efficiency (V(π) · L(π)) of ~26.7 V · mm and phase shifter loss of ~1.04 dB/mm at V(bias) = -6 V. The measured electro-optic bandwidth reaches 25.6 GHz at V(bias) = -5 V. Compensation doping method and low loss traveling-wave electrodes are utilized to improve the modulator performance. Measurement result demonstrates that reasonable choosing of working point and doping profile of the silicon optical modulator is critical in order to match the performance requirement of the real application.
Geopolymerization technology for soil stabilization application (2014)

Received a Gold medal and in 25th International Invention, Innovation & Technology Exhibition (ITEX'14), 8th-10th May at Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre.
LTPS Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated Using New Selective Laser Annealing System (2018)

Selective laser annealing system was developed to realize fabrications of low-temperature poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) even for large substrate, while the conventional excimer laser annealing system has the limitation in substrate size due to the difficulty in obtaining uniform beam line. In this paper, this new system was applied to fabricate poly-Si TFTs, using two laser exposure methods such as the static exposure and the scan exposure. Grain size increased as the laser energy density increased, and TFTs with the field-effect mobility larger than 100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> with the ON- OFF ratio of drain current of approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> could be obtained. Furthermore, for the scan exposure, periodic grain structure was observed resulting from the lateral solidification. In this condition, variations of electrical properties of TFT could be reduced compared to the case of the static exposure.
Structure-Guided Lead Optimization of Triazolopyrimidine-Ring Substituents Identifies Potent<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors with Clinical Candidate Potential (2011)

Drug therapy is the mainstay of antimalarial therapy, yet current drugs are threatened by the development of resistance. In an effort to identify new potential antimalarials, we have undertaken a lead optimization program around our previously identified triazolopyrimidine-based series of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) inhibitors. The X-ray structure of PfDHODH was used to inform the medicinal chemistry program allowing the identification of a potent and selective inhibitor (DSM265) that acts through DHODH inhibition to kill both sensitive and drug resistant strains of the parasite. This compound has similar potency to chloroquine in the humanized SCID mouse P. falciparum model, can be synthesized by a simple route, and rodent pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated it has excellent oral bioavailability, a long half-life and low clearance. These studies have identified the first candidate in the triazolopyrimidine series to meet previously established progression criteria for efficacy and ADME properties, justifying further development of this compound toward clinical candidate status.
Wearable Sensor-Based In-Home Assessment of Gait, Balance, and Physical Activity for Discrimination of Frailty Status: Baseline Results of the Arizona Frailty Cohort Study (2014)

Our results indicate that unique parameters derived from objective assessment of gait, balance, and PA are sensitive for the identification of prefrailty and the classification of a subject's frailty level. The present findings highlight the potential of wearable sensor technology for in-home assessment of frailty status.