gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of exogenous substrates to acetyl coenzyme A: measurement by carbon-13 NMR under non-steady-state conditions (1990)

A method is presented for the rapid determination of substrate selection in a manner that is not restricted to conditions of metabolic and isotopic steady state. Competition between several substrates can be assessed directly and continuously in a single experiment, allowing the effect of interventions to be studied. It is shown that a single proton-decoupled 13C NMR spectrum of glutamate provides a direct measure of the contribution of exogenous 13C-labeled substrates to acetyl-CoA without measurement of oxygen consumption and that steady-state conditions need not apply. Two sets of experiments were performed: one in which a metabolic steady state but a non-steady-state 13C distribution was achieved and another in which both metabolism and labeling were not at steady state. In the first group, isolated rat hearts were supplied with [1,2-13C]acetate, [3-13C]lactate, and unlabeled glucose. 13C NMR spectra of extracts from hearts perfused under identical conditions for 5 or 30 min were compared. In spite of significant differences in the spectra, the measured contributions of acetate, lactate, and unlabeled sources to acetyl-CoA were the same. In the second set of experiments, the same group of labeled substrates was used in a regional ischemia model in isolated rabbit hearts to show regional differences in substrate utilization under both metabolic and isotopic non steady state. This sensitive probe of substrate selection was also demonstrated in intact hearts where excellent time resolution (3 min) of substrate selection was feasible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Au-nanorod-clusters patterned optical fiber SERS probes fabricated by laser-induced evaporation self-assembly method (2020)

Optical fiber surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes provide a novel platform for liquid-phase in situ and remote SERS detections. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate noble metal nanostructures with large SERS enhancement factor (EF) onto optical fiber surfaces. In this article, we successfully prepare Au-nanorod cluster structures on optical fiber facets by a laboratory-developed laser-induced evaporation self-assembly method. It is demonstrated that the optimized optical fiber SERS probes show high detection sensitivity (10<sup>-10</sup> M for rhodamine 6G solution, and 10<sup>-8</sup> M for malachite green or crystal violet solution) and excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation less than 6%). As the laser-induced evaporation self-assembly method is a simple and low-cost method capable of achieving automatic and reproducible preparations of cluster patterned optical fiber SERS probes, this work may find important application prospects in various liquid-phase SERS detection areas.
Single-mode surface plasmon laser (2000)

Summary form only given.The requirement of prohibitively thick dielectric waveguides has so far hindered the development of long wavelength infrared semiconductor lasers. However, optical confinement can take place also at the interface between two materials with dielectric constants of opposite sign. These surface plasmon waves are the basis for a high performance 17 /spl mu/m wavelength laser where light is guided at the interface between the top metal contact and the underlying semiconductor, dramatically reducing the required thicknesses. The concept of distributed feedback (DFB) for surface plasmon propagation is introduced by developing a periodic modulation of the penetration depth in a two-metal grating. Lasing is achieved on a single longitudinal mode with high purity and temperature tuning rates of /spl sim/1 nm/K. We employ a quantum cascade (QC) active material with variable period superlattices.
Indium-113m-labeled polyfunctional phosphonates as bone-imaging agents. (1975)

Indium-113m complexed with polyfunctional phosphonates EDTMP (an analog of EDTA with carboxylic groups replaced by phosphate groups) and DTPMP (an analog of DTPA) showed preferential skeletal localization in experimental animals. Excellent images of the rabbit skeleton were obtained with both 113mIn and 111In complexes using the scintillation camera. In tissue radioassay using 85Sr as a simultaneous biologic standard, 113mIn-EDTMP compound showed higher concentration in the skeleton than the DTPMP complex and its bone uptake was comparable to that of 85Sr. Renal excretion was greater for the DTPMP complex (70% vs. 50% for EDTMP at 4 hr) and its blood clearance was faster than EDTMP. EDTMP was found to be the superior agent also to two other polyfunctional phosphonates, NTMP and HMDTMP. Because of the excellent skeletal localization with minimal soft-tissue levels, 113mIn-EDTMP may find use in bone scanning in humans wherever 99mTc bone-imaging agents are not available. These compounds may prove useful also in demonstrating acute myocardial infarcts, particularly for repeat studies after 99mTc bone agents have already been administered.
Visualizing Sound with an Electro-Optical Eardrum (2014)

As science educators, one of our important responsibilities is ensuring students possess the proper tools and accommodations to examine phenomena in a laboratory setting. It is our job to innovate methods enabling students with disabilities to participate in all aspects of investigations. This article describes an experimental accommodation allowing a deaf student to determine and plot the sensitivity of an electro-optical eardrum in the sound range of 10–150 Hz.
High-performance camel-gate field effect transistor using high-medium-low doped structure (1995)

We report an improved camel-gate field effect transistor using a high-medium-low doped channel. A 1000-Å-thick n=1×1017 cm−3 GaAs layer is employed to form the camel gate, which prevents the planar-doped barrier from being dropped abruptly. In addition to transition channel, a thin (200 Å) heavily doped (n=5×1017 cm−3) GaAs layer works as the main active channel to enhance the current drivability and transconductance. For our 1.5×100 μm2 device, the maximum current density of over 850 mA/mm was obtained. Moreover, an enhanced voltage-independent transconductance was also observed. Generally, the device exhibits a transconductance of 220 mS/mm which is compatible to that of MESFETs and is two- or threefold to that of reported camel-gate FETs. In addition, the proposed device demonstrates a large gate voltage swing for high transconductance operation. Due to the excellent device performance, our devices do hold promise for both large signal and digital circuits application, simultaneously.
Oxidase‐Like Activity of Polymer‐Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract Anorganisches Enzym? Ceroxidnanopartikel zeigen einzigartige Oxidaseaktivität bei niedrigen pH‐Werten. Diese Redoxkatalysatoren können in Immunassays (ELISA) verwendet werden, wenn sie mit geeigneten Liganden modifiziert sind (siehe Bild; hellblau, gelb: Nanopartikel mit Liganden). Diese Modifizierung ermöglicht sowohl die Bindung als auch die Detektion durch katalytische Oxidation empfindlicher kolorimetrischer Farbstoffe (z. B. TMB). magnified image
Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCFM1107 treatment ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury in a mouse model of chronic alcohol feeding (2015)

Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCFM1107 was screened for high antioxidative activity from 55 lactobacilli. The present study attempted to explore the protective properties of L. rhamnosus CCFM1107 in alcoholic liver injury. A mouse model was induced by orally feeding alcohol when simultaneously treated with L. rhamnosus CCFM1107, the drug Hu-Gan- Pian (HGP), L. rhamnosus GG (LGG), and L. plantarum CCFM1112 for 3 months. Biochemical analysis was performed for both serum and liver homogenate. Detailed intestinal flora and histological analyses were also carried out. Our results indicated that the administration of L. rhamnosus CCFM1107 significantly inhibited the increase in the levels of serum aminotransferase and endotoxin, as well as the levels of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) in the serum and in the liver. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were elevated while the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased. The enteric dysbiosis caused by alcohol was restored by increasing the numbers of both lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and decreasing the numbers of both enterococci and enterobacter. Histological analysis confirmed the protective effect of L. rhamnosus CCFM1107. Compared with the other lactobacilli and to the drug Hu-Gan-Pian, there is a high chance that L. rhamnosus CCFM1107 provides protective effects on alcoholic liver injury by reducing oxidative stress and restoring the intestinal flora.
Sn whisker mitigation by a thin metallic-glass underlayer in Cu-Sn (2013)

This study investigates the effects of thin film metallic glass (TFMG) as an underlayer on the Sn whisker mitigation in the Cu-Sn couples. Samples with and without TFMG underlayers were subjected to various heat treatments at elevated temperatures up to 85 °C in monotonic and cyclic modes. TFMG underlayer effectively blocks the Cu/Sn interaction even with the thickness as thin as 25 nm. In addition, with very thin thickness, the introduction of TFMG underlayer is expected to yield insignificant degrees of compressive stress, which is anticipated to occur when the samples are exposed to thermal cycling. Their thin thickness and amorphous nature are considered beneficial to make TFMGs as a promising diffusion barrier for Sn whisker mitigation.
Algorithms for computing QoS paths with restoration (2003)

There is a growing interest among service providers to offer new services with quality of service (QoS) guaranties that are also resilient to failures. Supporting QoS connections requires the existence of a routing mechanism, that computes the QoS paths, i.e., paths that satisfy QoS constraints (e.g., delay or bandwidth). Resilience to failures, on the other hand, is achieved by providing, for each primary QoS path, a set of alternative QoS paths used upon a failure of either a link or a node. The above objectives, coupled with the need to minimize the global use of network resources, imply that the cost of both the primary path and the restoration topology should be a major consideration of the routing process. We undertake a comprehensive study of problems related to finding suitable restoration topologies for QoS paths. We consider both bottleneck QoS constraints, such as bandwidth, and additive QoS constraints, such as delay and jitter. This is the first study to provide a rigorous solution, with proven guarantees, to the combined problem of computing QoS paths with restoration. It turns out that the widely used approach of disjoint primary and restoration paths is not an optimal strategy. Hence, the proposed algorithms construct a restoration topology, i.e., a set of bridges, each bridge protecting a portion of the primary QoS path. This approach guaranties to find a restoration topology with low cost when one exists. In addition to analysis, we test our approach also by way of simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed approximation algorithms identify QoS restoration paths whose cost is significantly smaller than those provided by alternative approaches.
Copper-Catalyzed Recycling of Halogen Activating Groups via 1,3-Halogen Migration (2012)

A Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-halogen migration reaction effectively recycles an activating group by transferring bromine or iodine from a sp(2) to a benzylic carbon with concomitant borylation of the Ar-X bond. The resulting benzyl halide can be reacted in the same vessel under a variety of conditions to form an additional carbon-heteroatom bond. Cross-over experiments using an isotopically enriched bromide source support intramolecular transfer of Br. The reaction is postulated to proceed via a Markovnikov hydrocupration of the o-halostyrene, oxidative addition of the resulting Cu(I) complex into the Ar-X bond, reductive elimination of the new sp(3) C-X bond, and final borylation of an Ar-Cu(I) species to turn over the catalytic cycle.
Progress with luminescence imaging for the characterisation of silicon wafers and solar cells (2022)

S.22-31
Association of the muscarinic cholinergic 2 receptor <i>(CHRM2)</i> gene with major depression in women (2002)

Cholinergic neurons have been implicated in depression and in the disorders of REM sleep in depression. We examined a common A-> T 1890 polymorphism in the 3' UTR of the cholinergic muscarinic receptor 2 (CHRM2) gene. There was a significant increase in the frequency of 11 homozygotes in 126 women with major depression (43.7%) compared to 304 women without major depression (25.7%), P =.001. There was no increase in the frequency of 11 homozygotes in 52 men with depression (26.9%) compared to 278 men without depression (27.7%). Regression analysis, scoring subjects with the 11 genotype as 1, and those with other genotypes as 0, showed that in women r(2) =.030, F = 13.37, P =.0003. By contrast, in men r(2) =.00001, F = 0.002, P =.96. These results are consistent with a gender-specific role of the CHRM2 gene in depression in women.
High-efficiency transformation of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> by the lepidopteran transposable element <i>piggyBac</i> (2005)

Functional analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum genome is restricted because of the limited ability to genetically manipulate this important human pathogen. We have developed an efficient transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis method much needed for high-throughput functional genomics of malaria parasites. A drug-selectable marker, human dihydrofolate reductase, added to the lepidopteran transposon piggyBac, transformed parasites by integration into the P. falciparum genome in the presence of a transposase-expressing helper plasmid. Multiple integrations occurred at the expected TTAA target sites throughout the genome of the parasite. We were able to transform P. falciparum with this piggyBac element at high frequencies, in the range of 10(-3), and obtain stable clones of insertional mutants in a few weeks instead of 6-12 months. Our results show that the piggyBac transposition system can be used as an efficient, random integration tool needed for large-scale, whole-genome mutagenesis of malaria parasites. The availability of such an adaptable genetic tool opens the way for much needed forward genetic approaches to study this lethal human parasite.
Novel microelectromechanical systems image reversal fabrication process based on robust SU-8 masking layers (2011)

This paper discusses a novel fabrication process that uses a combination of negative and positive photoresists with positive tone photomasks, resulting in masking layers suitable for bulk micromachining high-aspect ratio microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. MicroChem's negative photoresist Nano™ SU-8 and Clariant's image reversal photoresist AZ 5214E are utilized, along with a barrier layer, to effectively convert a positive photomask into a negative image. This technique utilizes standard photolithography chemicals, equipment, and processes, and opens the door for creating complementary MEMS structures without added fabrication delay and cost. Furthermore, the SU-8 masking layer is robust enough to withstand aggressive etch chemistries needed for fabrication research and development, bulk micromachining high-aspect ratio MEMS structures in silicon substrates, etc. This processing technique was successfully demonstrated by translating a positive photomask to an SU-8 layer that was then utilized as an etching mask for a series of trenches that were micromachined into a silicon substrate. In addition, whereas the SU-8 mask would normally be left in place after processing, a technique utilizing Rohm and Haas Microposit™ S1818 as a release layer has been developed so that the SU-8 masking material can be removed post-etching.
Cooperative driving: Beyond V2V as an ADAS sensor (2012)

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication systems utilize wireless communications for shared sensing between vehicles. This paper discusses how V2V systems could be utilized, beyond shared sensing, for shared decision making between cooperative vehicles. We propose distributed receding horizon control (DRHC) as an appropriate mechanism for scalable, shared decision making. Two automated driving applications, platooning and cooperative merging, illustrate the use of essential enabling technologies, including geo-spatial positions, digital road maps, collision avoidance, and path prediction, and how each is incorporated through our DRHC-centric framework. At the core of the framework is a four-task logic that allows partially-synchronous execution of local, computationally-efficient, optimization problems on board each vehicle.
Efficient catalytic greenhouse gas-free hydrogen and aldehyde formation from aqueous alcohol solutions (2017)

Single-site molybdenum di-oxo catalyst generates hydrogen fuel from aqueous alcohols under mild conditions.
Adaptive off-diagonal MIMO canceller (ODMC) for VDSL upstream self FEXT mitigation (2008)

This contribution presents a linear off-diagonal MIMO can-celler (ODMC) that aims at mitigating the upstream self far-end cross-talk (FEXT) that severely impacts the performance of very high speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) services at the central office (CO). The ODMC operates per frequency and is thus well suited for DMT-based VDSL systems. We in-troduce a low complexity and low latency adaptive algorithm that converges towards the optimum ODMC that simultane-ously maximizes the distributed Shannon capacities of the upstream links, under mild assumptions for nominal VDSL systems. The adaptive algorithm does not require any matrix inversion and is designed to learn and engage the ODMC seamlessly while operating in data mode. Further, we prove that the optimum ODMC approximately achieves FEXT-free capacity. Simulations show that the FEXT-free capacity can be achieved in roughly 200 iterations. 1.
Phase-locked semiconductor laser diode arrays (1985)

Phase-locked semiconductor diode laser arrays are capable of emitting light at high power in low divergence beams. Moreover, because of their small size and high electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency, these devices have many applications. The presentation begins with a review of semiconductor diode lasers and the principles of phased arrays. Various experiments relating to the lasers themselves and to their operation in external cavities are reviewed and the theory of their operation and conditions needed to favor lasing in a desired array mode (supermode) is discussed. The talk concludes with recent results concerning reliability.
Genetic variation in apolipoprotein H (β2-glycoprotein I) affects the occurrence of antiphospholipid antibodies and apolipoprotein H concentrations in systemic lupus erythematosus (1999)

Apolipoprotein H (apoH, protein; APOH, gene) is a required cofactor for the production of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). In this study we have examined whether genetic variation in the APOH gene affects variation in risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occurrence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA), anti-apoH, and plasma apoH concentrations. A total of 222 white SLE women were screened for four APOH polymorphisms (codons 88, 247, 306, and 316) by polymerase chain reaction, and for plasma apoH concentrations by ELISA. Of these, 29.3% were positive for APA (APA-positive group) and 31.1% for anti-apoH. None of the four APOH polymorphisms were significantly associated with variation in risk for SLE. The codons 306 and 316 polymorphisms showed significant, gene-dosage effects on plasma apoH concentrations (P<0.0001) and explained 30% and 13%, respectively, of the residual variation in apoH concentrations. No significant association was observed between anti-apoH status and APOH polymorphisms or plasma apoH levels. However, plasma apoH concentrations were significantly higher in patients positive for APA than in patients negative for APA (18.5+/-4.0 mg/dl vs 17.1+/-3. 8 mg/dl; P=0.02). The distribution of the Trp316Ser polymorphism was significantly different between the APA-positive and APA-negative groups. The frequency of the mutant allele (Ser316) was significantly lower in the APA-positive group than the APA-negative group (3.1% vs 12.1% P<0.04), indicating that the Ser316 mutation is protective against the production of phospholipid-apoH dependent APA. Our data indicate that common genetic variation in the APOH gene is a significant determinant of plasma apoH variation in SLE patients, and the Trp316Ser polymorphism appears to provide protection against the production of APA in SLE patients.
Utilization of date syrup as a tablet binder, comparative study (2010)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using dates syrup as a tablet binder. Dates syrup (40%, 50%, 60% w/w dates syrup:water) was utilized for the granulation of sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate as examples for water-soluble and water-insoluble materials; correspondingly. Those two materials represent examples of bulky drugs as well. Starch paste (10% w/w starch in water) and sucrose syrup (50% w/w sucrose in water), the well-known tablet binders, were used in the granulation of the same materials for the sake of comparison. The granulations were evaluated with regard to particle size and particle size distribution, granule strength, bulk density, flowability, moisture content and compression behavior. In addition, tablets prepared and evaluated from these granules. Taste and flavor of the prepared tablet have been tested by seven healthy volunteers. Within the scope of this work, dates syrup showed excellent properties as a tablet binder in comparison to starch paste or sucrose syrup for the granulation of both water-soluble and water-insoluble materials. Also, better flavoring and masking taste have been noticed from an evaluation by human volunteers demonstrating the usefulness of the date syrup as sweetener and flavoring the tablets in addition to its use as binder.
Research and Development of Synthetic Test Equipement for High Voltage Thyristor Valves (2006)

Synthetic test equipment is the most important operational test equipment for high voltage thyristor valves. In this paper, the main circuit analysis and design, control and protection strategy analysis and system design have been introduced. The commission results have validated that research and development of the synthetic test equipment is success, which will provide the test base, R&D platform, engineering experiments and technology consultation for high power electronics technology applied in electric power system.
Relationship Between the Temporal Profile of Plasma microRNA and Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients After Myocardial Infarction (2011)

A time-dependent change in miRs occurred in post-MI patients, including an early and robust increase in miRs that has affected myocardial growth, fibrosis, and viability. Thus, serially profiling miRs in the plasma of post-MI patients may hold both mechanistic and prognostic significance.
AlGaInP light-emitting diode with metal reflector structure (2005)

We have remarkably improved the Metal Bonding (MB) AlGaInP LED luminous efficiency in the dominant wavelength range form 570 nm to 630 nm. Micro Shaping technology is fabricated on the Surface of LED Chip in order to enhance the extraction efficiency. As a result, the luminous efficiency of the new micro shaping Structure AlGaInP LED can achieve 80 lm/w, at 615 nm dominant wavelength under 20mA injection current. The luminous efficiency increased up to 50% than report valve before.