gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Clean Reservoir Fluid Bubblepoint and Other Properties in Real Time Using PCA Asymptote of Optical Sensor Data and Equation of State (2018)

Abstract Mud filtrate invasion occurs in the immediate vicinity of the well as a result of the overbalance pressure of the mud column in the well. Oil-based muds (OBM), unlike water-based muds (WBM), are miscible with reservoir fluid, and OBM contamination alters the properties of the original formation fluid. The bubblepoint of contaminated fluid is usually lower than clean fluid. While fluid is pumped out of the formation, it becomes cleaner and the bubblepoint increases; the upper limit of the increase is the clean formation fluid. While increasing the pumping rate can shorten cleanup time, pumping below the bubblepoint can modify the fluid phase behavior and cause asphaltene content in the formation fluid to precipitate out and sensor data to become erratic and noisy. Therefore, it is important not to pump below the bubblepoint, knowing the clean fluid bubblepoint in real time provides a guideline for the field engineer. The purpose of fluid sampling is to collect a representative formation fluid—samples with an acceptably low contamination. The clean fluid bubblepoint provides a lower limit on pumping pressure, which helps ensure pumping does not go below the bubblepoint and the sample is in single phase. This paper describes how clean fluid compositions are determined from the asymptote of the principal component analysis (PCA) reconstructed scores and then used as input for the equation of state (EOS) program to compute fluid properties such as bubblepoint and gas/oil ratio (GOR). The optical spectral data from the optical fluid analyzer is first despiked, and outliers from the despiked data are removed using the robust ordinary least squares regression (ROLSR) method and robust PCA (RPCA). After removing outliers, clean fluid spectra data are reconstructed using asymptotic PCA scores and PCA loadings. Using a neural network model, clean fluid compositions are determined from reconstructed fluid spectral data, and fluid compositions are used as input for the EOS program to determine fluid properties. Results confirm that the clean fluid bubblepoint and GOR do not change significantly after a few tens of liters of fluid pumpout. Analysis of the first principal component (PC1) confirms that most of the variations occur during the first few tens of liters of pumpout, indicating the predicted clean fluid compositions and properties are somewhat stable. This approach can help determine the clean fluid properties, even while pumping before taking the sample, helping ensure a monophasic fluid sample. When pumpout accumulated volume reaches 40 to 50 L—within 15 to 20 min of pumping out contaminated fluid—clean fluid compositions and properties can be estimated and used to determine reservoir continuity. Additionally, knowing the clean reservoir GOR and API gravity can help determine the type of reservoir fluid in real time.
[Social factors and their effect on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Far North areas]. (1990)

Though in the Far North areas there is a decrease in the epidemic causes of tuberculosis, one can observe a greater role of negative social and sanitary factors influencing its morbidity. In the pattern of factors predisposing to newly diagnosed cases of the disease, unsatisfactory housing and living conditions as well as unqualified physical labour performed under unfavourable production and extreme climatic conditions, which are often combined with hazardous habits and concomitant diseases, are becoming more common. Higher tuberculosis morbidity among the aboriginal population with lower rates of their contamination are directly related to the level of their social and sanitary conditions, traditional way of life, occupational activities and disadvantages in the social development of the areas of their preferential habitation. In this connection, while taking further steps against tuberculosis in the Far North areas, it seems necessary to intensify social and preventive measures as well as antituberculous care of the groups which are influenced by clearly negative social and sanitary factors.
Document image processing based on enhanced border following algorithm (2002)

An enhanced border-following algorithm and its application to document image processing is presented. Various kinds of components (characters, text lines, text blocks, figures, tables, etc.) in a document image can be flexibly segmented and extracted with a variable-size mask for border following instead of the conventional 3*3-size mask. An automatic document image structuring process to construct a multimedia document and a raster/geometric conversion method for the segmented graphic parts of the image. such as diagrams and tables, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthases: Falling together by coming apart (2003)

icroorganisms have invented many devious ways to thwart their foes and survive in adverse environments.Non-motile microbes, especially ones that inhabit soil and marine environments, are noted for an ability to produce a wide range of chemicals (1).
Photolithographic Micropatterning of Conducting Polymers on Flexible Silk Matrices (2015)

High-resolution micropatterning of a PEDOT:PSS conducting-polymer–silksericin composite is presented using a water-based, benchtop photolithographic process. Conducting microstructures formed on a flexible silk fibroin sheet allow a fully organic, flexible bioelectronic device. Large-area microfabricated devices such as biosensors that are biocompatible and degradable over a controlled period of time can be formed. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Trifluoromethionine, a Prodrug Designed against Methionine γ-Lyase-Containing Pathogens, Has Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo against <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> (2001)

Methionine gamma-lyase, the enzyme which catalyzes the single-step conversion of methionine to alpha-ketobutyrate, ammonia, and methanethiol, is highly active in many anaerobic pathogenic microorganisms but has no counterpart in mammals. This study tested the hypothesis that this pathogen-specific enzyme can be exploited as a drug target by prodrugs that are exclusively activated by it. Trifluoromethionine was confirmed as such a prodrug and shown to be highly toxic in vitro to the anaerobic protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, to anaerobic bacteria containing methionine gamma-lyase, and to Escherichia coli expressing the trichomonad gene. The compound also has exceptional activity against the parasite growing in vivo, with a single dose preventing lesion formation in five of the six mice challenged. These findings suggest that trifluoromethionine represents a lead compound for a novel class of anti-infective drugs with potential as chemotherapeutic agents against a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic anaerobic pathogens.
Whole Virus Mass Analysis by Electrospray Ionization. (2003)

This article recounts the development of techniques that lead to the first mass measurement of an intact virus. The results of that experiment, based on the method of charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS), are described in the context of other ESI-MS approaches to ultra-high mass ion analysis. The limits of current charge measurement technology are described and prospects for improved virus mass detection with a CMOS integrated circuit ion detector are discussed.
Analysis of DS-CDMA parallel interference cancellation with phase and timing errors (1996)

We consider the use of multistage parallel interference cancellation at the base station of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) wireless system. Previous work in this area has demonstrated the potential for significant improvements in capacity and near-far resistance. However, most previous work has assumed perfect synchronization with the signals of interest. Practical systems will experience phase jitter and timing errors. We undertake an analysis of the effects of phase and timing errors, obtaining a closed form result for bit-error rate (BER) performance after an arbitrary number of stages of cancellation in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. This result is shown to agree well with simulations. Simulation results are also presented for the important case of frequency selective Rayleigh fading. The results from both analysis and simulations demonstrate that interference cancellation is fairly robust to phase and timing errors.
Integrated passive devices (IPD) integration with eWLB (embedded wafer level BGA) for high performance RF applications (2010)

The demand for wireless communications is increasing through use of smart phones, 3G handsets wherein high speed and reliable data communication are crucial requirements. Multi-bands networks help to facilitate these at higher range of radio frequencies. In many wireless communications, power amplifiers (PA) are used to increase the amplitude of relatively weak signals. These PAs depend on matching circuits that generally include capacitor and inductors, to match the impedances of the power amplifier to other radio components. The reduction in cost and die size of multi-mode power amplifiers and matching networks in RF functional blocks is highly desired. So they need to be designed with high efficiency and be integrated for optimum performance. eWLB technology provides the solution for multi die integration. It enables small form-factor and good electrical performance using well controlled wafer fab process and fine line width/spacing. In this work, multi-die eWLB has been successfully developed where both PA die and IPD die for impedance matching network have been placed side-by side, thus providing better multi-chip packaging solution with better performance. Simulation, characterization and design work for PA and IPD integration in eWLB packaging are presented in this paper. The developed IPD mainly consists of inductors resistors, and capacitors for target impedance matching with PA. Simulation results show that the optimized IPD design change improves impedance more than 10% to meet the target impedance which helps to achieve the optimum power amplifier output impedance and maximum output power. Modified inductor design tuning shows significant improvement in impedance values of power amplifier and also enables overall good performance of the eWLB packaging. And package level reliability test results are also presented in this paper.
Experimental and Theoretical Development of Multiple Fluid Mode Magnetorheological Isolators (2008)

The experimental and theoretical development of a multiple fluid mode magnetorheological isolator is addressed in this study. First of all, a multiple fluid mode magnetorheological isolator that operates using shear, flow, and squeeze modes, and can isolate multi-degree-of-freedom excitations, is configured and fabricated. The damper characteristics of the magnetorheological isolator are experimentally evaluated using metrics of equivalent viscous damping and complex stiffness. To analytically predict the damper characteristics of the magnetorheological isolator, the Bingham-plastic isolator model is constructed and its important model parameters are identified using an averaging method derived from sinusoidal force-displacement and force-velocity data. Comparison of the measured and predicted results using the Bingham-plastic isolator model is conducted. To improve model prediction ability, a nonlinear hysteretic model is introduced. Comparison of the two isolator models is conducted using extensive experimental results.
Building nanostructures using RAFT polymerization (2010)

Abstract Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is one of the most extensively studied controlled/living radical polymerization methods that has been used to prepare well‐defined nanostructured polymeric materials. This review, with more 650 references illustrates the range of well‐defined functional nanomaterials that can be accessed using RAFT chemistry. The detailed syntheses of macromolecules with predetermined molecular weights, designed molecular weight distributions, controlled topology, composition and functionality are presented. RAFT polymerization has been exploited to prepare complex molecular architectures, such as stars, blocks and gradient copolymers. The self‐assembly of RAFT‐polymer architectures has yielded complex nanomaterials or in combination with other nanostructures has generated hybrid multifunctional nanomaterials, such as polymer‐functionalized nanotubes, graphenes, and inorganic nanoparticles. Finally nanostructured surfaces have been described using the self‐organization of polymer films or by the utilization of polymer brushes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Accuracy and convergence properties of the fixed‐stress iterative solution of two‐way coupled poromechanics (2015)

Summary The paper deals with the numerical solution of Biot's equations of coupled consolidation obtained by a mixed formulation combining continuous Galerkin finite‐element and multipoint flux approximation finite‐volume methods. The solution algorithm relies on the recently developed fixed‐stress solution scheme, in which first the flow problem and then the mechanical one are addressed iteratively. We show that the algorithm can be interpreted as a particular block triangular preconditioning strategy applied within a Richardson iteration. The key component to the success of the preconditioner is the sparse approximation to the Schur complement based on a pressure space mass matrix scaled by a weighting factor that depends element‐wise on the inverse of a suitable bulk modulus. The accuracy of the method is assessed, making use of well‐known analytical solutions from the literature. Numerical results demonstrate robustness and low computational cost of the fixed‐stress scheme in accurately capturing the two‐way coupling between deformation and pressure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting Physical: A Specific Boost for Cognition in Epilepsy? (2020)

Effect of Combined Physical Training on Cognitive Function in People With Epilepsy: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial Feter N, Alt R, Häfele CA, et al. Epilepsia . 2020;61(8):1649-1658. doi: 10.1111/epi.16588 . PMID: 32602966. Objective: To examine the effect of 12-week exercise program on cognitive function in people with epilepsy. Methods: Twenty-one physically inactive patients were randomized into 2 groups: the exercise group (EG) or the control group. Exercise group performed 12 weeks of combined physical training. Control group was advised to maintain usual daily activities. Exercise group received a structured, individually supervised exercise program with two 60-minute sessions per week. Each session included warmup (5 minutes), aerobic (15-20 minutes at 14-17 on Borg scale), strength (2-3 sets, 10-15 repetitions), and 5-minute active stretches. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, memory (Digit Span Test [DST]), executive function (Trail Making Test [TMT] A and B), Stroop Color and Word Test, a verbal fluency task, global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and hip and waist circumferences), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> o 2 max]), and strength (dynamometer) were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Results: Exercise decreased time spent on TMT-A from baseline to postintervention (difference = −7.9 seconds, 95% CI = −14.5 to −1.3, P = .023). Exercise group improved total number of words on the verbal fluency task after intervention (difference = 8.1 words, 95% CI = 3.0-13.2, P = .002). Exercise group also improved the score on MoCA at 1.7 (95% CI = 0.1-3.3, P = .043) points. We observed a 22.4% (95% CI = 13.1-31.6, P = .021) improvement in executive function in EG. No effect of group, time, or group × time was observed on any other cognitive test. Changes in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> o 2 max were negatively associated with changes in performance on DST (r = −0.445, P = .049) and overall memory score (r = −0.544, P = .042). Significance: This randomized controlled trial provided the first evidence that combined physical training improves executive function in adults with epilepsy, showing main improvements in attention and language tasks. Physical exercise should be encouraged for people with epilepsy to reduce the burden on cognitive function associated with this disease.
Polymer‐Assisted Metal Deposition (PAMD) for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Principle, Materials, Printing, and Devices (2019)

The rapid development of flexible and wearable electronics favors low-cost, solution-processing, and high-throughput techniques for fabricating metal contacts, interconnects, and electrodes on flexible substrates of different natures. Conventional top-down printing strategies with metal-nanoparticle-formulated inks based on the thermal sintering mechanism often suffer from overheating, rough film surface, low adhesion, and poor metal quality, which are not desirable for most flexible electronic applications. In recent years, a bottom-up strategy termed as polymer-assisted metal deposition (PAMD) shows great promise in addressing the abovementioned challenges. Here, a detailed review of the development of PAMD in the past decade is provided, covering the fundamental chemical mechanism, the preparation of various soft and conductive metallic materials, the compatibility to different printing technologies, and the applications for a wide variety of flexible and wearable electronic devices. Finally, the attributes of PAMD in comparison with conventional nanoparticle strategies are summarized and future technological and application potentials are elaborated.
An Imaging System to Visualize Gymnast's Form and Locus—Multi-Motion (1998)

A visualization system called “Multi-motion” has been developed, which shows a gymnast's form and locus in performing a vault. It extracts player's images quickly and automatically and displays forms from jump to finish, overlaying forms in a scene like a stroboscopic camera image, even when the gymnast is wearing a colorful uniform and the background is a complex pattern that includes moving objects such as walking spectators. To achieve this, a new extraction method has been developed which adopts motion analysis focusing on the feature that “a gymnast is bigger and moves faster, and spectators in the background are smaller and move slower.” The system was successfully applied to the live broadcast of the World Gymnastics Championship and gained public favor as well as the approval of the gymnastic community.
Interfacial redox processes of cytochrome b562 (2009)

The anionic soluble heme protein cytochrome b(562) was electrostatically immobilised on Ag electrodes coated with positively charged self-assembled monolayers of amino-terminated alkanethiols. The structure of the heme pocket, the redox equilibria, and the electron transfer dynamics were studied by stationary and time-resolved surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy, complemented by cyclic voltammetry measurements of the interfacial redox process. The conformational and redox equilibria of the immobilised protein are compared to those of the cationic heme protein cytochrome c immobilised on negatively charged electrode coatings. Similarities and differences can be rationalised in terms of the respective electric fields at the interfaces of amino- and carboxyl-terminated electrode coatings. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate of cytochrome b(562) only slightly increases with decreasing thickness from ca. 20 to 11 A, implying that the electron tunneling is not the rate-limiting step. In contrast to cytochrome c on carboxyl-terminated monolayers, this behaviour cannot be attributed to protein re-orientation gating the heterogeneous electron transfer. Instead, it may reflect the interplay between interprotein electron transfer and heterogeneous electron transfer via protein orientations exhibiting particularly high tunneling probabilities for the electron exchange with the electrode.
Physical Layer Encryption for Industrial Ethernet in Gigabit Optical Links (2018)

Industrial Ethernet is a technology widely spread in factory floors and critical infrastructures where a high amount of data need to be collected and transported. Fiber optic networks at gigabit rates fit well with that type of environment, where speed, system performance, and reliability are critical. In this paper, a new encryption method for high-speed optical communications suitable for such kinds of networks is proposed. This new encryption method consists of a symmetric streaming encryption of the 8b/10b data flow at physical coding sublayer level. It is carried out thanks to a format preserving encryption block cipher working in CTR (counter) mode. The overall system has been simulated and implemented in a field programmable gate array. Thanks to experimental results, it can be concluded that it is possible to cipher traffic at this physical level in a secure way. In addition, no overhead is introduced during encryption, getting minimum latency and maximum throughput.
Thermal aqueous liquid chromatography—the TALC technique (1981)

Abstract Thermal Aqueous Liquid Chromatography (TALC) using pure water as a mobile phase should be a very attractive technique promoting the use of liquid chromatography in routine analysis, either in the laboratory or in future on‐line process control. This simple form of chromatography, the selectivity of which depends on the fixed phase only, would allow the use of flame ionization as an almost universal, low‐cost detector in liquid chromatography. The potential of the TALC technique is illustrated by selected examples.