gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
39‐2: Development of Advanced LTPS TFT Technology for Low Power Consumption and Narrow Border LCDs (2019)

We have developed an advanced LTPS TFT technology in which top‐gate oxide TFTs are used in each pixel and CMOS LTPS TFTs are used in gate drivers and multiplexers in the peripheral circuits. Oxide TFTs have excellent I ds –V gs characteristics with a small V th shift under negative bias temperature illumination stress (NBTIS).
The efficacy and safety of Favipiravir in treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials (2021)

Abstract The novel coronavirus outbreak began in late December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide, critically impacting public health systems. A number of already approved and marketed drugs are being tested for repurposing, including Favipiravir. We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of Favipiravir in treatment of COVID-19 patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis were reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We registered the protocol in the PROSPERO (CRD42020180032). All clinical trials which addressed the safety and efficacy of Favipiravir in comparison to other control groups for treatment of patients with confirmed infection with SARS-CoV2 were included. We searched electronic databases including LitCovid hub/PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of Sciences, Cochrane, and Scientific Information Database up to 31 December 2020. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies using Cochrane Collaboration criteria. All analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2, and the risk ratio index was calculated. Egger and Begg test was used for assessing publication bias. Nine studies were included in our meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant clinical improvement in the Favipiravir group versus the control group during seven days after hospitalization (RR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.41; P=0.001). Viral clearance was more in 14 days after hospitalization in Favipiravir group than control group, but this finding marginally not significant (RR=1.11, 95% CI: 0.98-1.25; P=0.094). Requiring supplemental oxygen therapy in the Favipiravir group was 7% less than the control group, (RR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.67-1.28; P=0.664). Transferred to ICU and adverse events were not statistically different between two groups. The mortality rate in the Favipiravir group was approximately 30% less than the control group, but this finding not statistically significant. Favipiravir possibly exerted no significant beneficial effect in the term of mortality in the general group of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. We should consider that perhaps the use of antiviral once the patient has symptoms is too late and this would explain their low efficacy in the clinical setting.
Significance of Design and Operational Variables in Chemical Phosphorus Removal (2008)

Batch and continuous experiments using model and real wastewaters were conducted to investigate the effect of metal salt (ferric and alum) addition in wastewater treatment and the corresponding phosphate removal from a design and operational perspective. Key factors expected to influence the phosphorus removal efficiency, such as pH, alkalinity, metal dose, metal type, initial and residual phosphate concentration, mixing, reaction time, age of flocs, and organic content of wastewater, were investigated. The lowest achievable concentration of orthophosphate under optimal conditions (0.01 to 0.05 mg/L) was similar for both aluminum and iron salts, with a broad optimum pH range of 5.0 to 7.0. Thus, in the typical operating range of wastewater treatment plants, pH is not a sensitive indicator of phosphorus removal efficiency. The most significant effect for engineering practice, apart from the metal dose, is that of mixing intensity and slow kinetic removal of phosphorus in contact with the chemical sludge formed. Experiments show that significant savings in chemical cost could be achieved by vigorously mixing the added chemical at the point of dosage and, if conditions allow, providing a longer contact time between the metal hydroxide flocs and the phosphate content of the wastewater. These conditions promoted the achievement of less than 0.1 mg/L residual orthophosphate content, even at lower metal-to-phosphorus molar ratios. These observations are consistent with the surface complexation model presented in a companion paper (Smith et al., 2008).
Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 binds to and stabilizes monoubiquitin in neuron (2003)

Mammalian neuronal cells abundantly express a deubiquitylating enzyme, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCH L1). Mutations in UCH L1 are linked to Parkinson's disease as well as gracile axonal dystrophy (gad) in mice. In contrast to the UCH L3 isozyme that is universally expressed in all tissues, UCH L1 is expressed exclusively in neurons and testis/ovary. We found that UCH L1 associates and colocalizes with monoubiquitin and elongates ubiquitin half-life. The gad mouse, in which the function of UCH L1 is lost, exhibited a reduced level of monoubiquitin in neurons. In contrast, overexpression of UCH L1 caused an increase in the level of ubiquitin in both cultured cells and mice. These data suggest that UCH L1, with avidity and affinity for ubiquitin, insures ubiquitin stability within neurons. This study is the first to show the function of UCH L1 in vivo.
A scintigraphic comparison of iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine and an iodine-labeled somatostatin analog (Tyr-3-octreotide) in metastatic carcinoid tumors. (1992)

A number of neoplasms are known to express somatostatin receptors, and the use of somatostatin receptor imaging in their localization has recently been described. We compared an 123I-labeled somatostatin analog Tyr-3-octreotide (TOCT) and 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in seven patients with histologically proven metastatic carcinoid tumors. The optimum time for identifying tumor uptake on scanning after [123I]MIBG was 24-48 hr, and after 123I-TOCT 10-30 min postinjection. Both radiopharmaceuticals showed a varying spectrum of tracer uptake ([123I]MIBG showed no uptake in one patient; minimal in two; moderate in two; and intense in two; 123I-TOCT showed no uptake in two patients; minimal uptake in one; moderate uptake in two; and intense uptake in two). In two patients, 123I-TOCT identified metastatic lesions not seen by [123I]MIBG scintigraphy. These preliminary results suggest that [123I]MIBG and 123I-TOCT are useful and complementary imaging techniques for detecting metastatic carcinoid tumors.
Catalytic activity of biomass-supported Pd nanoparticles: Influence of the biological component in catalytic efficacy and potential application in ‘green’ synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals (2013)

Five gram negative and two gram positive bacterial strains known for their heavy metal tolerance or ability to reduce metal ions were coated with Pd(0) nanoparticles (NPs) via reduction of soluble Pd(II) ions under H2 following an initial uptake of PdCl42- without added electron donor ('biosorption'), where the gram negative strains had a ~5-fold greater capacity for Pd(II). Cupriavidis metallidurans accumulated Pd(II) exceptionally; the possibility of reduction to Pd(0) via an endogenous electron donor was not discounted. The initial rate of subsequent H2-mediated Pd(II) reduction correlated with the Pd(II) removed during biosorption (r2 = 0.9). TEM showed strain-specific variations of Pd-NPs. At a 1:3 loading of Pd:biomass the cell surfaces of Escherichia coli and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans showed uniform coverage with small NPs with the other strains showing larger aggregates. NPs made by the gram positive cells appeared larger than their gram negative counterparts. At a loading of 1:19 all were active catalysts in Cr(VI) reduction and in two Heck coupling reactions. BioPdE. coli and bioPdD. desulfuricans and bioPdA. oxydans were consistently the best and worst catalysts respectively. BioPdE. coli was further tested as a process catalyst according to industrial protocols in Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions. Laboratory and industrial tests (coupling of phenyl iodide and ethyl acrylate) gave 75% and 78% conversion to ethyl cinnamate, respectively. The biomaterial catalysed Heck and Suzuki reactions using bromoacetophenone and 4-bromoanisole (Heck) and 4-chloroanisole (Suzuki) but not 3-chlorotoluene. In accordance with known chemical catalysis the catalytic efficacy was related to electron-withdrawing substituents on the phenyl ring, with more than 90% conversion (Suzuki) using 4-bromobenzotrifluoride.
Magnetized inductively coupled plasma etching of GaN in Cl2/BCl3 plasmas (2000)

In this study, Cl2/BCl3 magnetized inductively coupled plasmas were used to etch GaN, and the effects of magnetic confinements of inductively coupled plasmas on the GaN etch characteristics were investigated as a function of Cl2/BCl3. Also, the effects of Kr addition to the magnetized Cl2/BCl3 plasmas on the GaN etch rates were investigated. The characteristics of the plasmas were estimated using a Langmuir probe and quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS). Etched GaN profiles were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The small addition of BCl3 (10%–20%) in Cl2 increased the GaN etch rates for plasmas both with and without magnetic confinements. The application of magnetic confinements to the Cl2/BCl3 inductively coupled plasmas increased the GaN etch rates and changed the Cl2/BCl3 gas composition of the peak GaN etch rate from 10% BCl3 to 20% BCl3. It also increased the etch selectivity over the photoresist, while slightly reducing the selectivity over SiO2. The application of the magnetic field significantly increased positive BCl2+ measured by QMS and total ion saturation current measured by the Langmuir probe. Other species such as Cl, BCl, and Cl+ increased, whereas species such as BCl2 and BCl3 decreased with the application of the magnetic field. Therefore, it appears that the increase of the GaN etch rate in our experiment is related to the increased dissociative ionization of BCl3 by the application of the magnetic field. The addition of 10% Kr in an optimized Cl2/BCl3 condition (80% Cl2/20% BCl3) with the magnets increased the GaN etch rate about 60%. A more anisotropic GaN etch profile was obtained with the application of the magnetic field, and a vertical GaN etch profile was obtained with the addition of 10% Kr in an optimized Cl2/BCl3 condition with the magnets.
Amides of Trivalent Phosphorus Acids as Phosphorylating Reagents for Proton-Donating Nucleophiles (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmides of Trivalent Phosphorus Acids as Phosphorylating Reagents for Proton-Donating NucleophilesEdward E. Nifantiev, Mikhail K. Grachev, and Sergei Yu. BurmistrovView Author Information V. I. Lenin Moscow State Pedagocical University, Chemistry Department, Nesvizhskii per., 3, 119021 Moscow, Russian Federation Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 10, 3755–3800Publication Date (Web):September 22, 2000Publication History Received31 August 1999Published online22 September 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9601371https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9601371research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2580Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Amides,Cell and molecular biology,Phosphorus,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Terpenoids by Promiscuous Squalene–Hopene Cyclases (2013)

PROMISCUOUS ENZYMES: The substrate promiscuity of squalene-hopene cyclases has been explored and applied in the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of heterocyclic terpenoids. Features of this work include cyclization reactions without pyrophosphate activation, and stereospecific ring closure of substrates of varying chain length and terminal nucleophile. This provides a biocatalytic alternative to traditional chemical catalysts.
Probing the structure‐activity relationship of <i>Escherichia coli</i> LT‐A by site‐directed mutagenesis (1994)

Computer analysis of the crystallographic structure of the A subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT) was used to predict residues involved in NAD binding, catalysis and toxicity. Following site-directed mutagenesis, the mutants obtained could be divided into three groups. The first group contained fully assembled, non-toxic new molecules containing mutations of single amino acids such as Val-53-->Glu or Asp, Ser-63-->Lys, Val-97-->Lys, Tyr-104-->Lys or Asp, and Ser-114-->Lys or Glu. This group also included mutations in amino acids such as Arg-7, Glu-110 and Glu-112 that were already known to be important for enzymatic activity. The second group was formed by mutations that caused the collapse or prevented the assembly of the A subunit: Leu-41-->Phe, Ala-45-->Tyr or Glu, Val-53-->Tyr, Val-60-->Gly, Ser-68-->Pro, His-70-->Pro, Val-97-->Tyr and Ser-114-->Tyr. The third group contained those molecules that maintained a wild-type level of toxicity in spite of the mutations introduced: Arg-54-->Lys or Ala, Tyr-59-->Met, Ser-68-->Lys, Ala-72-->Arg, His or Asp and Arg-192-->Asn. The results provide a further understanding of the structure-function of the active site and new, non-toxic mutants that may be useful for the development of vaccines against diarrhoeal diseases.
A 150 MHz voltage controlled oscillator using lithium niobate RF-MEMS resonator (2017)

This paper presents the first radio frequency (RF) voltage controlled MEMS oscillator (VCMO) using a high Q Lithium Niobate (LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) micromechanical resonator. The resonator has a quality factor of 650 in air with a motional impedance of 262 Ω. The oscillator's measured phase noise is -84.4 dBc/Hz and -146 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and 1 MHz offsets respectively from a 149.13 MHz carrier with an output power of -8.6 dBm. The oscillator consumes less than 1 mA with a tuning range of 0.42 MHz. Such VCMOs are envisioned to enable low power, and low phase noise RF signal synthesis for Internet of Things applications.
Learning maximum likelihood semi-naive Bayesian network classifier (2003)

We propose a technique to construct a sub-optimal semi-naive Bayesian network when given a bound on the maximum number of variables that can be combined into a node. We theoretically show that our approach has less computation cost when compared with the traditional semi-naive Bayesian network. At the same time, we can obtain a resulting sub-optimal structure according to the maximum likelihood criterion. We conduct a series of experiments to evaluate our approach. The results show our approach is encouraging and promising.
Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection, Applications and Challenges (2015)

Influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen which causes both seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics; infection continues to be a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Current influenza vaccines principally stimulate humoral immune responses that are largely directed towards the variant surface antigens of influenza. Vaccination can result in an effective, albeit strain-specific antibody response and there is a need for vaccines that can provide superior, long-lasting immunity to influenza. Vaccination approaches targeting conserved viral antigens have the potential to provide broadly cross-reactive, heterosubtypic immunity to diverse influenza viruses. However, the field lacks consensus on the correlates of protection for cellular immunity in reducing severe influenza infection, transmission or disease outcome. Furthermore, unlike serological methods such as the standardized haemagglutination inhibition assay, there remains a large degree of variation in both the types of assays and method of reporting cellular outputs. T-cell directed immunity has long been known to play a role in ameliorating the severity and/or duration of influenza infection, but the precise phenotype, magnitude and longevity of the requisite protective response is unclear. In order to progress the development of universal influenza vaccines, it is critical to standardize assays across sites to facilitate direct comparisons between clinical trials.
Exposed core microstructured optical fiber Bragg gratings: refractive index sensing (2014)

Bragg gratings have been written in exposed-core microstructured optical fibers for the first time using a femtosecond laser. Second and third order gratings have been written and both show strong reflectivity at 1550 nm, with bandwidths as narrow as 60 pm. Due to the penetration of the guided field outside the fiber the Bragg reflections are sensitive to the external refractive index. As different modes have different sensitivities to refractive index but the same temperature sensitivity the sensor can provide temperature-compensated refractive index measurements. Since these Bragg gratings have been formed by physical ablation, these devices can also be used for high temperature sensing, demonstrated here up to 800°C. The fibers have been spliced to single mode fiber for improved handling and integration with commercial interrogation units.
Iron supplying systems of<i>Salmonella</i>in diagnostics, epidemiology and infection (1995)

Well-known and newly characterised mechanisms, both endogenous and exogenous, for the uptake of iron by Salmonella are outlined, and their possible roles at various stages in infection are discussed. The contributions of a detailed understanding of iron supplying systems to techniques for diagnosis, epidemiology and disease management are described.
Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) protects cells predominantly from alternative complement pathway-mediated C3-fragment deposition and cytolysis. (1993)

Membrane cofactor protein (MCP) cDNA was transfected into Chinese hamster ovarian tumor (CHO) cells and the functional properties of the expressed protein were studied. Cells adherent to flasks were essential for continuous expression of MCP on CHO cells. If the cells were maintained in noncoated flasks, MCP expression was markedly reduced but upon being transferred to coated flasks reexpressed the protein. MCP expressed on CHO cells had the expected m.w., approximately 50 kDa, and possessed factor I-cofactor activity. By a propidium iodide incorporation assay and by 51Cr release assay, antibody-sensitized CHO cells expressing MCP were protected from C-mediated cytotoxicity. The inhibition of lytic activity correlated with a decrease in C3 deposition. This host cell protective activity was exerted efficiently for the alternative pathway. The classical pathway was not blocked by MCP unless the cells were presensitized with low concentrations of antibody. These results imply that MCP primarily protects host cells from alternative pathway-mediated C3 targeting. In a pathologic state such as autoimmune diseases, the binding of an autoantibody to a target may overcome this protective effect of MCP via the classical pathway.
Release of glial fibrillary acidic protein is related to the neurovascular status in acute ischemic stroke (2006)

This study aimed at an analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in acute ischemic stroke, its association with the neurovascular status and its potential value as monitoring parameter. In 53 consecutive patients, serial venous blood samples were taken on admission, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after stroke onset. The neurovascular status was assessed by repetitive extracranial and transcranial duplex sonography. Neurologic deficits were quantified by the National Institutes of Health stroke scale, and functional outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale. Mean GFAP values were elevated from admission on with highest levels 48 h after stroke onset. GFAP release was highly correlated with severity of neurologic deficits and infarct volume. In patients with persistent middle cerebral artery occlusion, GFAP increased significantly compared with patients with normal sonographic findings (P = 0.019) and recanalization after thrombolysis resulted in a significant reduced increase (P = 0.038). GFAP concentrations were associated with the functional outcome after 3 months. Release kinetics of GFAP are associated with patients clinical deficits and infarct volume, depend on the neurovascular status on admission and on early recanalization after thrombolysis, and may be used as an additional predictor of the early course and functional outcome.
A Compact Ultrawideband MIMO Antenna With WLAN Band-Rejected Operation for Mobile Devices (2012)

This letter presents an ultrawideband multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that covers the WCDMA (1.92–2.17 GHz), WiMAX (2.3, 2.5 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz), and UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz) bands for wireless device applications. The proposed antenna consists of a printed folded monopole antenna coupled with a parasitic inverted-L element, with an open stub inserted in the antenna to reject the WLAN (5.15–5.85 GHz) band that interferes with the UWB band. These two antennas are symmetrically arranged on a mobile device substrate. The <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex></formula> 10-dB bandwidth of the designed antenna is 1.85–11.9 GHz without the WLAN band 5.15–5.85 GHz. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${ S}_{21}$</tex></formula> and the envelope correlation coefficient are lower than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex></formula> 17.2 dB and 0.18 in the operating bands, respectively. The size of the antenna is <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$55\times13.5 ~{\hbox{mm}}^{2}$</tex></formula> .
Food, Energy, and the Land-Grants: Point…Counterpoint (1977)

"Food, Energy, and the Land-Grants: Point…Counterpoint." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 9(5), pp. 62–63
Plasmonic and fluorescent sensors of metal ions in water based on biogenic gold nanoparticles (2018)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using a rapid, single step, and completely green biosynthetic method employing aqueous Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) extract, which was used as both the reducing and capping agent. Au(III) ions were rapidly reduced by the aqueous grapefruit extract, leading to the formation of highly stable and crystalline colloidal AuNPs, confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak centered at 544 nm in the UV–Vis spectra. Biogenic AuNPs have been evaluated as plasmonic, fluorescent and naked-eye sensors of Pb2+, Ca2+, Hg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions in aqueous media, with a good performance and selectivity. Of the three methods used for metal ions sensing, fluorescent sensors shows better results, specifically with Ca2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+. Copper was detected by both plasmonic and fluorescent methods.