gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and antitumor activity of a rearranged ester of cephalotaxine (1975)

For further evaluation of structure-activity relationships among the Cephalotaxus alkaloids, a "rearranged" ester (2b) of cephalotaxine was prepared, one which is an isomer of deoxyharringtonine (5a). The parent alkaloid, cephalotaxine (1a), was allowed to react with thionyl chloride to replace its hydroxyl group with chlorine. The resulting chloro compound 1b, on treatment with the silver salt of half ester 6, yielded 2b via an allylic rearrangement followed by further double bond migration. The new "rearranged" deoxyharringtonine isomer 2b proved to be inactive in the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia system and thus further delineated the structural requirements for antitumor activity in this series of alkaloids.
Evolving Status of Clinical Immunotherapy with Oncolytic Adenovirus (2021)

Cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors shows efficacy in several human cancers, but "cold tumors" that lack immune cells are typically unresponsive. Among the potential therapeutic approaches that could "heat" or promote lymphocyte infiltration of cold tumors, oncolytic viruses have attracted interest for their lytic and immunogenic mechanisms of action. In this article, we review the use of oncolytic adenoviruses in cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on preclinical and clinical data of oncolytic adenovirus-triggered immune responses against tumor antigens. We also discuss parameters to consider in clinical trial design and the combination of oncolytic adenoviruses with conventional treatments or other immunotherapies.
Diene‐based polymer nanoparticles: Preparation and direct catalytic latex hydrogenation (2012)

Abstract The diene‐based polymer nanoparticles represented by poly(butadiene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile) were prepared in the semibatch emulsion polymerization system using Gemini surfactant (GS) trimethylene‐1,3‐bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) as the emulsifier. The nanoparticles within the range of 17–54 nm were achieved with narrow molecular weight and particle size distributions. A spherical morphology was observed for the produced nanoparticles. The effects of GS concentration on the particle size, molecular weight, polymerization conversion and solid content, and composition of copolymer were investigated. The semibatch process using monomeric and conventional surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was compared. At the second stage of this study, the prepared unsaturated nanoparticles were employed as the substrates for the latex hydrogenation in the presence of Wilkinson's catalyst, that is, RhCl(P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ) 3 . The effects of the particle size and catalyst concentration on the latex hydrogenation rate were investigated. The particle size is found to have a significant effect on the reaction rate. When the 17‐nm nanoparticles were used as the substrates, a high conversion of 95 mol % was obtained within 18 h using only 0.1 wt % RhCl(P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ) 3 . The latex hydrogenation process was completely free of organic solvents. The present synthesis and following “green” hydrogenation process can be extended to latices made from semibatch emulsion containing other diene‐based polymers. This study shows great promise for decreasing the demanded quantity of expensive catalyst and eliminating the organic solvent in the hydrogenation process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Efficient and low-cost video transcoding (2002)

We present a low cost high performance scheme for video transcoding. Our scheme includes the information look-ahead structure and the transcoding algorithm. It is this look-ahead mechanism that greatly facilitates the use of information embedded in the bitstream for informative and intelligent transcoding. Furthermore, our transcoding algorithm has four new features: 1) picture complexity look-ahead for efficient rate allocation and control; 2) dynamic bit allocation weighting on picture types based on the scene complexity and bit rate; 3) adaptive nonlinear rate control on macroblocks based on complexity distribution in the picture; 4) Intra frame requantization adjustment to reduce the transcoding distortion. The software simulation results have proven that the performance of our transcoding scheme is significantly better than the reencoding scheme and comparable to the direct encoding scheme.
Performance of Multi-Layered Hollow Fiber Membrane, MHF. (2000)

We have developed a Multi-Layered Hollow Fiber Membrane, MHF which has a unique structure and good gas permeability. The thin intermediate layer of the MHF is of non-porous structure and permeable to gas and impermeable to liquid. The outside and inside support layers of the MHF are made of polyolefin with a porous structure which has a porosity of about 40vol%. This membrane is useful for artificial lung and also deaerator to remove dissolved gas in the semiconductor pure water, developer and industrial alcohol.
Integrated biophotonic sensor with single-molecule resolution (2004)

We present design and first demonstration of integrated optical ARROW waveguides with liquid cores. Low optical loss, wavelength selectivity and high collection efficiency make them ideal for measuring fluorescence and Raman scattering from single biomolecules.
Sizing and Desizing Polyester / Cotton Blend Yarns Using Liquid Carbon Dioxide (1996)

We report a preliminary investigation of nonaqueous sizing and desizing where liquid carbon dioxide is the solvent. New size formulations are required for this process because traditional size materials are not directly soluble in liquid carbon dioxide. Candidate size compounds are first tested for solubility, and those found to be soluble are then applied to polyester/cotton yarns using two methods: immersing the yarn in a size-saturated carbon dioxide solution and drawing the yarn through a hot melt of the compound. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the sized yarns are deter mined. Complete removal of the size compounds from the treated yarns by means of liquid carbon dioxide extraction is demonstrated.
High Frequency Targeted Mutagenesis Using Engineered Endonucleases and DNA-End Processing Enzymes (2013)

Targeting DNA double-strand breaks is a powerful strategy for gene inactivation applications. Without the use of a repair plasmid, targeted mutagenesis can be achieved through Non-Homologous End joining (NHEJ) pathways. However, many of the DNA breaks produced by engineered nucleases may be subject to precise re-ligation without loss of genetic information and thus are likely to be unproductive. In this study, we combined engineered endonucleases and DNA-end processing enzymes to increase the efficiency of targeted mutagenesis, providing a robust and efficient method to (i) greatly improve targeted mutagenesis frequency up to 30-fold, and; (ii) control the nature of mutagenic events using meganucleases in conjunction with DNA-end processing enzymes in human primary cells.
Life recognition based on color variations in fingerprint images of live and artificial fingers (2006)

Life-related signal detected from a finger-tip can be used to prevent frauds by finger-replicas. A finger deformation induces blood movement and the light scattered inside the finger carries this life-related information. We propose to look at the changes in color and luminance extracted from the central part of the fingerprint images. In experiments, we examined input actions taken by more than 30 participants as well as six replicas made of various materials. For the live fingers, chromaticity coordinates x and luminance Y showed a relatively large hysteresis as a function of the area of the fingerprint images. This hysteresis was smaller in case of the replicas. Based on this fact, we were able to define indices and criteria for life recognition so that all the replicas were rejected while the most live fingers were accepted. However, the recognition was not perfect due to the small hysteresis shown by some replicas. Improvements in the input hardware and the algorithms for life-related information extraction need to be addressed in future.
High thermoelectric figure of merit in heavy hole dominated PbTe (2011)

Thermoelectric transport properties of p-type PbTe:Na, with high hole concentrations of approximately 1020 cm−3, are reinvestigated from room temperature to 750 K. The greatly enhanced Seebeck coefficient at these doping levels can be understood by the presence of a sharp increase in the density of states around the Fermi level. As a result, the thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, reaches ∼1.4 at 750 K. The influence of these heavy hole carriers may contribute to a similarly high zT observed in related p-type PbTe-based systems such as Tl-doped PbTe and nanostructured composite materials.
The Development of New Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2007)

Recent work at 3M has focused on the development of solvent cast proton exchange membranes (PEM's) for use in PEM fuel cells. These new membranes are a perfluorinated sulfonic acids based on a low molecular weight perfluorinated monomer and they exhibit excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability and high ionic conductivity. The low molecular weight of the monomer allows membranes with equivalent weight as low as 800 g/mole to have good mechanical properties when hydrated. Stabilizing additives in these membranes have been shown to improve the oxidative stability in Fenton's tests. Physical property, conductivity and fuel cell tests have been performed. When incorporated into membrane electrode assemblies, these new membranes have provided excellent performance and a greater than 15-fold increase in durability under accelerated fuel cell test conditions, compared with similar commercial PEM's.
DRAPE (2012)

We describe a complete system for animating realistic clothing on synthetic bodies of any shape and pose without manual intervention. The key component of the method is a model of clothing called DRAPE (DRessing Any PErson) that is learned from a physics-based simulation of clothing on bodies of different shapes and poses. The DRAPE model has the desirable property of "factoring" clothing deformations due to body shape from those due to pose variation. This factorization provides an approximation to the physical clothing deformation and greatly simplifies clothing synthesis. Given a parameterized model of the human body with known shape and pose parameters, we describe an algorithm that dresses the body with a garment that is customized to fit and possesses realistic wrinkles. DRAPE can be used to dress static bodies or animated sequences with a learned model of the cloth dynamics. Since the method is fully automated, it is appropriate for dressing large numbers of virtual characters of varying shape. The method is significantly more efficient than physical simulation.
Herpes simplex virus vectors overexpressing the glucose transporter gene protect against seizure-induced neuron loss. (1995)

We have generated herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors vIE1GT and v alpha 4GT bearing the GLUT-1 isoform of the rat brain glucose transporter (GT) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus ie1 and HSV alpha 4 promoters, respectively. We previously reported that such vectors enhance glucose uptake in hippocampal cultures and the hippocampus. In this study we demonstrate that such vectors can maintain neuronal metabolism and reduce the extent of neuron loss in cultures after a period of hypoglycemia. Microinfusion of GT vectors into the rat hippocampus also reduces kainic acid-induced seizure damage in the CA3 cell field. Furthermore, delivery of the vector even after onset of the seizure is protective, suggesting that HSV-mediated gene transfer for neuroprotection need not be carried out in anticipation of neurologic crises. Using the bicistronic vector v alpha 22 beta gal alpha 4GT, which coexpresses both GT and the Escherichia coli lacZ marker gene, we further demonstrate an inverse correlation between the extent of vector expression in the dentate and the amount of CA3 damage resulting from the simultaneous delivery of kainic acid.
Stereo-Complex Crystallization of Poly(lactic acid)s in Block-Copolymer Phase Separation (2010)

Block-copolymer containing a poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) segment was blended with pure poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) chain in chloroform solution and casted into the dried film. This method could form the stereocomplex (Sc) crystal of PLLA/PDLA within the nanometer-sized phase separation self-assembled by block-copolymer. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of the prepared and annealed films gave the maximum achievable melting temperature of 245 °C, which was highest among those previously reported for PLA Sc-crystals. Surprisingly, all of added PDLA chains were Sc-crystallized, depending on the blend composition with block-copolymer containing PLLA.
Fibrin gels as biological filters and interfaces (1984)

We present data which show that fibrin gels are ordered network structures, the porosity of which is determined by the amount of thrombin being present during the activation step preceding gelation. On activation of fibrinogen, fibrinopeptides are released and simultaneously polymers are formed, obeying apparent first order kinetics. The pore size of the network is inversely related to the rate of polymer formation. It is proposed that at the time of gelation the polymers form an ordered lattice structure, which in the organism may serve as a biological interface.
Selective dopamine D<sub>3</sub>receptor antagonists. A decade of progress: 1997 – 2007 (2008)

Background: A growing number of patent applications on dopamine (DA) D3 receptors have been filed over the last 10 years. The increased interest in this target correlates with evidence that implicates the DA D3 receptor in the control of drug-seeking behavior and in the pathophysiology of some impulse control disorders and schizophrenia. Objectives: This manuscript provides an overview of the most recent literature in support of the biologic rationale for the use of selective DA D3 receptor antagonists for neuropsychiatric indications, and reviews > 80 patents that reflect 10-year advances in the discovery of these compounds by pharmaceutical companies, national research institutes and academic groups. Methods: Analysis of > 100 primary literature and 80 patent references of the last 10 years. Conclusions: The recent synthesis and profiling of new highly potent and selective DA D3 receptor antagonists over the last 10 years has permitted the testing of these compounds in a wide range of preclinical animal models of neuropsychiatric diseases. Clinical trials have now been initiated and clinical proof-of-concept is expected in the forthcoming years.
Coupling of vias in electronic packaging and printed circuit board structures with finite ground plane (2003)

A full wave method is presented for modeling and analyzing multiple interactions among vertical vias in densely packaged integrated circuits and printed circuit board with ground plane of finite extent. In such structures, the TEM mode in the planar structure is excited and can propagate and cause interaction of waves among vias. Reflections will also occur at the edges of the finite ground plane. The electromagnetic analysis methodology is an extension of the previous methodology in analyzing multiple scattering among vias for infinite ground plane . The analysis is based upon the cylindrical wave mode expansion of the magnetic field Green's function, the Foldy-Lax multiple scattering formalism and utilizing the resonator modes of a circular cavity. The circular resonator modes are transformed into cylindrical waves onto the cylindrical via structures. Numerical results illustrate the physics of the underlying resonance scattering problems. We consider the cases of a) two coupled active vias of differential mode and b) two coupled vias of common mode. Results are also illustrated for ground plane resonance and the effects of shorting vias on such resonance. The effects of off-centering and the presence of idle vias are also illustrated.
Fast full search equivalent encoding algorithms for image compression using vector quantization (1992)

Three fast search routines to be used in the encoding phase of vector quantization (VQ) image compression systems are presented. These routines, which are based on geometric considerations, provide the same results as an exhaustive (or full) search. Examples show that the proposed algorithms need only 3-20% of the number of mathematical operations required by a full search and fewer than 50% of the operations required by recently proposed alternatives.
Improved Y–X junction laser array (1990)

A new Y–X junction semiconductor laser array that exhibits increased modal discrimination and has a uniform dominant mode to avoid nonuniform gain saturation is proposed.
Mechanism of Inactivation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by <i>N</i><sup>ω</sup>-Allyl-<scp>l</scp>-Arginine (1997)

Nω-Allyl-l-arginine is shown to be a competitive reversible inhibitor and time-dependent inactivator of bovine brain nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The enzyme is protected against inactivation by the presence of the substrate, the absence of O2, or if NADP+ is substituted for NADPH. The NADPH absorption spectrum is converted to that of NADP+ concomitant with inactivation. The latter two results indicate that redox chemistry is required for inactivation. Nω-Allyl-Nω-hydroxy-l-arginine is synthesized and shown also to be a competitive inhibitor and time-dependent inactivator of nNOS, suggesting that it is a viable intermediate in the inactivation process. Inactivation of nNOS with Nω-allyl-[14C]-l-arginine or Nω-[3H]allyl-l-arginine followed by gel filtration or dialysis results in no radioactivity bound to the enzyme. It is shown spectrophotometrically as well as by HPLC that the heme is modified to four different species during inactivation. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry is used to show that 1 equiv of ferric ion is present in the modified hemes. When the heme is isolated after inactivation by the two radiolabeled inactivators, it is found that no 14C is associated, but 0.9 equiv of 3H is bound to the heme. This indicates that only the allyl part of the inactivator is bound to the heme. HPLC−electrospray mass spectrometry is used to show that the four modified hemes have the same mass which corresponds to heme plus an allyl group plus a hydrogen. The fact that the modified hemes no longer have an absorption at 400 nm but, instead, absorb at 280 nm suggests that four reduced and allylated hemes are produced (such as 34 or 35). Nω-Propyl-l-arginine also is shown to be a competitive inhibitor and time-dependent inactivator of nNOS; inactivation requires O2 and NADPH, and the substrate protects the enzyme from inactivation. Twenty-six equivalents of citrulline and nitric oxide is produced during inactivation with Nω-propyl-l-arginine. This suggests that the double bond of the allyl group is not important to the inactivation mechanism. Possible mechanisms that rationalize these results are suggested. No Nω-allyl-l-citrulline (39) is detected from the inactivation of nNOS by Nω-allyl-l-arginine, which indicates that initial hydroxylation of the guanidino imine nitrogen does not occur. The only radioactive metabolite generated from Nω-allyl-[14C]-l-arginine inactivation is citrulline (13 equiv). Approximately 13 equiv of nitric oxide also are generated. When Nω-allyl-Nω-hydroxy-l-arginine is the inactivator, about 20 equiv of citrulline and nitric oxide is produced. When Nω-[3H]allyl-l-arginine is the inactivator, approximately equal amounts of 3H2O and acrolein are produced (8−9 equiv); arginine also is a product. Acrolein does not inactivate nNOS. These last few findings support cleavage of the α-C−H bond of the allyl group as a turnover pathway which does not lead to inactivation.
Haptic PIVOT (2020)

We present PIVOT, a wrist-worn haptic device that renders virtual objects into the user's hand on demand. Its simple design comprises a single actuated joint that pivots a haptic handle into and out of the user's hand, rendering the haptic sensations of grasping, catching, or throwing an object anywhere in space. Unlike existing hand-held haptic devices and haptic gloves, PIVOT leaves the user's palm free when not in use, allowing users to make unencumbered use of their hand. PIVOT also enables rendering forces acting on the held virtual objects, such as gravity, inertia, or air-drag, by actively driving its motor while the user is firmly holding the handle. When wearing a PIVOT device on both hands, they can add haptic feedback to bimanual interaction, such as lifting larger objects. In our user study, participants (n=12) evaluated the realism of grabbing and releasing objects of different shape and size with mean score 5.19 on a scale from 1 to 7, rated the ability to catch and throw balls in different directions with different velocities (mean=5.5), and verified the ability to render the comparative weight of held objects with 87% accuracy for ~100g increments.
Macroscopic scale atom interferometers: introduction, techniques, and applications (2019)

This chapter introduces the fundamental principles and some of the applications of light-pulse atom interferometry. It includes tutorials on various atom optics techniques and on interferometer phase shift calculations. Recent advances in large momentum transfer atom optics and in the generation and manipulation of ultra-low-velocity-spread atom clouds have enabled atom interferometers that cover macroscopic scales in space (tens of centimeters) and in time (multiple seconds), dramatically improving interferometer sensitivity in a wide range of applications. This chapter reviews these advances and recent experiments performed with macroscopic scale atom interferometers in the 10-meter-tall atomic fountain at Stanford.
Site occupancy and glycan compositional analysis of two soluble recombinant forms of the attachment glycoprotein of Hendra virus (2011)

Hendra virus (HeV) continues to cause morbidity and mortality in both humans and horses with a number of sporadic outbreaks. HeV has two structural membrane glycoproteins that mediate the infection of host cells: the attachment (G) and the fusion (F) glycoproteins that are essential for receptor binding and virion-host cell membrane fusion, respectively. N-linked glycosylation of viral envelope proteins are critical post-translation modifications that have been implicated in roles of structural integrity, virus replication and evasion of the host immune response. Deciphering the glycan composition and structure on these glycoproteins may assist in the development of glycan-targeted therapeutic intervention strategies. We examined the site occupancy and glycan composition of recombinant soluble G (sG) glycoproteins expressed in two different mammalian cell systems, transient human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and vaccinia virus (VV)-HeLa cells, using a suite of biochemical and biophysical tools: electrophoresis, lectin binding and tandem mass spectrometry. The N-linked glycans of both VV and HEK293-derived sG glycoproteins carried predominantly mono- and disialylated complex-type N-glycans and a smaller population of high mannose-type glycans. All seven consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation were definitively found to be occupied in the VV-derived protein, whereas only four sites were found and characterized in the HEK293-derived protein. We also report, for the first time, the existence of O-linked glycosylation sites in both proteins. The striking characteristic of both proteins was glycan heterogeneity in both N- and O-linked sites. The structural features of G protein glycosylation were also determined by X-ray crystallography and interactions with the ephrin-B2 receptor are discussed.