gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic temperature compensation of highly resistive high-Q silicon microresonators via charge carrier depletion (2010)

We report on a novel temperature compensation technique that exploits the dependence of TCF on the free charge carriers in silicon bulk acoustic resonators (SiBARs). The free charge carriers are considerably minimized by creating single and multiple pn-junction based depletion regions in the body of the resonator. The TCF of a highly resistive (>1000 Ω-cm) conventional rectangular SiBAR has been reduced from -32 ppm/°C to -3 ppm/°C. We previously exploited the dependence of TCF on silicon resonator geometry for TCF compensation. However, at large charge carrier depletion levels achieved in this work, the TCF is found to become independent of silicon resonator geometry.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF 6‐KETONES OF THE MORPHINE SERIES WITH FORMAMIDINESULFINIC ACID. STEREOSELECTIVITY OPPOSITE TO THAT OF HYDRIDE REDUCTIONS (1977)

Abstract In der Morphin‐Reihe werden die 6‐Ketone (I) mit Formamidin‐sulfinsäure zu den entsprechenden öß‐Hydroxy‐Verbindungen reduziert.
Synthesis of 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1980)

In order to investigate the biological significance of 26-hydroxylation of vitamin D3, 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was prepared from 24-tosyloxy-25,26,27-trinorcholest-5-en-3β-yl tetrahydropyranyl ether.
Generation of a helium inductively coupled plasma in a low-gas-flow torch (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration of a helium inductively coupled plasma in a low-gas-flow torchShi Kit. Chan, Raymond L. Van Hoven, and Akbar. MontaserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 11, 2342–2343Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00124a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00124a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gate-Length Scaling of Ultrashort Metamorphic High-Electron Mobility Transistors With Asymmetrically Recessed Gate Contacts for Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Applications (2011)

We have fabricated and characterized ultrashort gate-length metamorphic high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) optimized for high gain performance for millimeter- and submillimeter-wave applications. In this paper, we have systematically evaluated the impact of gate length in the range of 25-50 nm on the device performance by exploring epitaxial layer designs, gate-to-channel distances, and recess widths. The study shows the 25-nm devices underperform their 50-nm counterparts in most of the key figures of merit including output conductance, voltage gain, off-state breakdown, on-state breakdown, and, most importantly, the maximum stable gain. This observation is actually in good agreement with the state-of-the-art results published so far, which indicate that the best overall performance of HEMTs for millimeter- and submillimeter-wave applications comes from devices with gate lengths ranging from 35 to 50 nm. The 25-nm devices, on the other hand, appear to have difficulty in achieving the proper vertical scaling for optimum gain, which is limited by the minimum gate layer thickness necessary to retain good Schottky characteristics. This limitation may eventually be overcome with the adoption of new materials used as the gate layer that can be integrated into the HEMT fabrication process.
Endurance-aware cache line management for non-volatile caches (2014)

Nonvolatile memories (NVMs) have the potential to replace low-level SRAM or eDRAM on-chip caches because NVMs save standby power and provide large cache capacity. However, limited write endurance is a common problem for NVM technologies, and today's cache management might result in unbalanced cache write traffic, causing heavily written cache blocks to fail much earlier than others. Although wear-leveling techniques for NVM-based main memories exist, we cannot simply apply them to NVM-based caches. This is because cache writes have intraset variations as well as interset variations, while writes to main memories only have interset variations. To solve this problem, we propose i 2 WAP, a new cache management policy that can reduce both inter- and intraset write variations. i 2 WAP has two features: Swap-Shift, an enhancement based on existing main memory wear leveling to reduce cache interset write variations, and Probabilistic Set Line Flush, a novel technique to reduce cache intraset write variations. Implementing i 2 WAP only needs two global counters and two global registers. In one of our studies, i 2 WAP can improve the NVM cache lifetime by 75% on average and up to 224%. We also validate that i 2 WAP is effective in systems with different cache configurations and workloads.
Reception and Measurement of MIMO-OFDM Signals with a Single Receiver (2007)

OFDM multi-carrier modulation is expected to be the enabling technology for 4G wireless systems. One of the features that make OFDM the primary choice for 4G is its MIMO compatibility, because MIMO has a very significant potential of enhancing wireless systems for capacity, data rate, and coverage aspects. In this paper, the challenges of MIMO- OFDM measurements are addressed in comparison to SISO, with a special emphasis on WiMAX systems, which employ MIMO- OFDM technology. It is proposed to perform the reception and measurement of MIMO-OFDM signals using a single receiver branch rather than multiple receivers. A complete guide to perform impairment estimation for WiMAX MIMO signals with a single receiver according to the 802.16 standards is also provided.
A Bayesian sequential processor approach to spectroscopic portal system decisions (2007)

The development of faster more reliable techniques to detect radioactive contraband in a portal type scenario is an extremely important problem especially in this era of constant terrorist threats. Towards this goal the development of a model-based, Bayesian sequential data processor for the detection problem is discussed. In the sequential processor each datum (detector energy deposit and pulse arrival time) is used to update the posterior probability distribution over the space of model parameters. The nature of the sequential processor approach is that a detection is produced as soon as it is statistically justified by the data rather than waiting for a fixed counting interval before any analysis is performed. In this paper the Bayesian model-based approach, physics and signal processing models and decision functions are discussed along with the first results of our research.
i3DP, a robust 3D printing approach enabling genetic post-printing surface modification (2013)

Initiator integrated 3D printing, namely i3DP, was developed by incorporating a vinyl-terminated initiator into UV curable resin to make functional structural materials that enable genetic post-printing surface-initiated modification. Taking advantage of 3D printing and surface-initiated ATRP, the feasible i3DP makes 3D printed complex architectures possible for nearly any desired surface modification for various applications, for example, even pouring water into a sieve was readily achieved.
Selective Cytotoxicity of Rhodium Metalloinsertors in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Cells (2011)

Mismatches in DNA occur naturally during replication and as a result of endogenous DNA damaging agents, but the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway acts to correct mismatches before subsequent rounds of replication. Rhodium metalloinsertors bind to DNA mismatches with high affinity and specificity and represent a promising strategy to target mismatches in cells. Here we examine the biological fate of rhodium metalloinsertors bearing dipyridylamine ancillary ligands in cells deficient in MMR versus those that are MMR-proficient. These complexes are shown to exhibit accelerated cellular uptake which permits the observation of various cellular responses, including disruption of the cell cycle, monitored by flow cytometry assays, and induction of necrosis, monitored by dye exclusion and caspase inhibition assays, that occur preferentially in the MMR-deficient cell line. These cellular responses provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the selective activity of this novel class of targeted anticancer agents.
Growth of Multilayer Graphene with a Built-in Vertical Electric Field (2020)

Multilayer graphene is considered a promising material for various optoelectronic devices. To exploit its intriguing electronic properties, an electric field must be achieved inside this material. However, creation of a desired electric field in multilayer graphene is difficult because any external electric field is mostly screened by its outermost surface. Here, we report a one-step chemical vapor deposition method for the synthesis of Bernal-like stacked graphene with a built-in vertical electric field that can be tuned over a wide range. This method can be used to control the optoelectronic properties of graphene in the synthesis stage. Owing to this built-in vertical electric field and Bernal-like stacking, the synthesized graphene exhibits vertical photovoltaic effects, which is very promising for various optoelectronic applications.
Nonlinear Analysis of Heart Rate Variability: <i>Fractal and Complexity Measures of Heart Rate Behavior</i> (2000)

Many new methods of analyzing heart rate (HR) variability have been developed to describe the features in HR behavior that cannot be detected by traditional time‐ and frequency‐domain methods. Some of the new methods, such as analysis of fractal correlation properties and complexity of HR dynamics, have provided clinically useful information in various patient populations. Importantly, some fractal analysis methods are better risk predictors of mortality than traditional HR variability measures, and analysis of complexity of HR dynamics has been shown to predict the spontaneous onset of atrial fibrillation. New analysis methods based on nonlinear dynamics are a promising tool for better understanding of normal and abnormal HR behavior. More work will be needed to establish the clinical applicability of traditional and new analysis methods of HR variability.
Development of New Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Progesterone Receptor (Clone SP2) (2006)

Evaluation of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PgR) status in breast cancer is widely used for the prediction of the response to endocrine therapy and as a biologic parameter closely related to disease prognosis. The IHC method is considered to be a specific, sensitive, and economical method for determining ER and PgR status. The authors developed the first rabbit anti-PgR mAb (clone SP2) used in IHC on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from breast carcinomas. This new antibody, compared with currently available anti-PgR antibodies, has important advantages, including its reactivity even without heat-based antigen retrieval of fixed-embedded tissue sections in IHC and the predominance of nuclear immunostaining with only very low cytoplasmic signal. A comparative study of IHC on 107 histologic specimens from breast cancer cases showed that SP2 yields the same results as the wellknown mouse mAb to PgR (clone 1A6). The antibody affinity of SP2 is 12 times higher than that of 1A6. Thus, SP2 may prove of great value in the assessment of PgR status in human breast cancer.
Photonic IP routing (1999)

A photonic Internet protocol (IP) routing is proposed in which the IP address, mapped onto optical code, is recognized by performing optical correlation in the time domain in a parallel manner. Preliminary experiment shows that it can process 6.5/spl times/10/sup 9/ packets per second. It will help overcome the bottleneck in current electrical IP routers; i.e., the time it takes to look up addresses in the routing table.
Recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators (2020)

An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is a microwave photonic system that produces microwave signals with ultralow phase noise using a high-quality-factor optical energy storage element. This type of oscillator is desired in various practical applications, such as communication links, signal processing, radar, metrology, radio astronomy, and reference clock distribution. Recently, new mode control and selection methods based on Fourier domain mode-locking and parity-time symmetry have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated in OEOs, which overcomes the long-existing mode building time and mode selection problems in a traditional OEO. Due to these mode control and selection methods, continuously chirped microwave waveforms can be generated directly from the OEO cavity and single-mode operation can be achieved without the need of ultranarrowband filters, which are not possible in a traditional OEO. Integrated OEOs with a compact size and low power consumption have also been demonstrated, which are key steps toward a new generation of compact and versatile OEOs for demanding applications. We review recent progress in the field of OEOs, with particular attention to new mode control and selection methods, as well as chip-scale integration of OEOs.
Dystrophin expression in myotubes formed by the fusion of normal and dystrophic myoblasts (1991)

Mdx mouse dystrophy is characterized by the absence in the muscle cytoplasmic membrane of a high molecular weight protein called dystrophin. A possible avenue for treatment of muscular dystrophies is to inject normal myoblasts in a dystrophic muscle to form hybrid muscle fibers. Hybrid myotubes were formed in vitro by the fusion of normal rat and dystrophic mouse (mdx) myoblasts. Staining with Hoechst dye 33258 permitted the clear distinction of mouse and rat nuclei. Immunostaining demonstrated that dystrophin was present over the entire membrane of all hybrid myotubes even when nuclei ratio normal/dystrophic was low.
Mist fabrication of light emitting diodes with colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots (2008)

In this letter, we report a mist-deposition process for the assembly and patterning of nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) during the fabrication of quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD-LEDs), which allows for tight controls over the thickness, surface morphology, composition, and resolution of NQD emissive layers. A defect-free featuring uniform brightness QD-LED containing a mist-deposited emissive CdSe(ZnS) NQD layer was demonstrated. Additionally, the technique of successive mist deposition of multicolor NQDs through a set of registered shallow masks was employed to create a 6×6 matrix of alternating pixels composed of 5nm diameter CdSe(ZnS) NQDs (green) and 8nm diameter CdSe(ZnS) NQDs (red) on the same substrate. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of mist-deposition technology in the future development of full-color QD-LED displays.
Inverse reconstruction of three-dimensional tomographic images of objects in turbid media from time-sliced two-dimensional transmission measurements (1998)

Time-sliced two-dimensional intensity distribution of transmitted light measured using a time-gated imaging system is used to reconstruct three-dimensional images of an object inside a turbid medium. The inversion algorithm combines a two-dimensional matrix inversion with a one-dimensional Fourier transform inversion in cylindrical coordinates for a fast three-dimensional image reconstruction. A L-curve method is used for choosing suitable regularization parameters. The method was used to reconstruct images of an absorbing object located inside a highly scattering turbid medium using both simulated and experimental data.
FEA of CMUTs suitable for wide gas pressure range applications (2010)

The ability of ultrasound transducers to operate over a wide and varying pressure range is essential in applications such as ultrasonic flow metering (UFM) of flare gas. We propose a new operational mode for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), in which the plate is in permanent contact with the bottom of the cavity, even at zero DC bias and 1 atm pressure. Finite element analysis (FEA) software was used to investigate the performance of these CMUTs within the pressure range of 1 to 20 atm. First, we performed a static analysis to determine the plate deflection and, thus, the gap height. Further, from the static analysis, we obtained the static and free capacitances for calculating the coupling efficiency, and a modal analysis identified possible design geometries for frequencies lower than ~ 300 kHz. Our calculations show that conventionally operated CMUTs have huge changes in static operational point at different pressures, while our proposed mode exhibits an acceptable frequency range (73 - 340 kHz) over 1 - 20 atm pressure and an improved coupling efficiency at lower dc bias voltages. A donut shape partial electrode further allows us to tune the coupling efficiency, which translates into a better performance, especially at the higher pressure range. FEA shows that our proposed operation mode is a promising solution for flare gas metering applications.
ESD: a pervasive reliability concern for IC technologies (1993)

Several aspects of ESD are described from the point of view of the test, design, product, and reliability engineering. A review of the ESD phenomena along with the test methods, the appropriate on-chip protection techniques, and the impact of process technology advances from CMOS to BiCMOS on the ESD sensitivity of IC protection circuits are presented. The status of understanding in the field of ESD failure physics and the current approaches for modeling are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Improvements of Ferrite Magnets (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Holographic microscope and its biological application (2021)

Holographic structured illumination combined with optogenetics enables patterned stimulation of neurons and glial cells in an intact living brain. Moreover, in vivo functional imaging of cellular activity with recent advanced microscope technologies allows for visualization of the cellular responses during learning, emotion and cognition. Integrating these techniques can be used to verify the link between cell function and behavior output. However, there are technical limitations to stimulate multiple cells with high spatial and temporal resolution with available techniques of optogenetic stimulation. Here, we summarized a two-photon microscope combined with holographic system to stimulate multiple cells with high spatial and temporal resolution for living mice and their biological application.
Characterization of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses with the Region Responsible for Type 2 T-Cell Responses and Pulmonary Eosinophilia Deleted from the Attachment (G) Protein (2004)

It is essential that preventative vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) elicit balanced T-cell responses. Immune responses dominated by type 2 T cells against RSV antigens are believed to cause exaggerated respiratory tract disease and may also contribute to unwanted inflammation in the airways that predisposes infants to wheeze through adolescence. Here we report on the construction and characterization of recombinant RSV (rRSV) strains with amino acids 151 to 221 or 178 to 219 of the attachment (G) glycoprotein deleted (rA2cpDeltaG150-222 or rA2cpDeltaG177-220, respectively). The central ectodomain was chosen for modification because a peptide spanning amino acids 149 to 200 of G protein has recently been shown to prime several strains of naïve inbred mice for polarized type 2 T-cell responses, and peripheral blood T cells from most human donors recognize epitopes within this region. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that synthesis of nascent rRSV genomes in human lung epithelial cell lines was similar to that for the parent virus (cp-RSV). Plaque assays further indicated that rRSV replication was not sensitive to 37 degrees C, but pinpoint morphology was observed at 39 degrees C. Both rRSV strains replicated in the respiratory tracts of BALB/c mice and elicited serum neutralization and anti-F-protein immunoglobulin G titers that were equivalent to those elicited by cp-RSV and contributed to a 3.9-log(10)-unit reduction in RSV A2 levels 4 days after challenge. Importantly, pulmonary eosinophilia was significantly diminished in BALB/c mice primed with native G protein and challenged with either rA2cpDeltaG150-222 or rA2cpDeltaG177-220. These findings are important for the development of attenuated RSV vaccines.
Piezoelectric ceramic filters using the edge‐mode vibration (1985)

Abstract For a conventional MF‐band piezoelectric filter, the contour vibration has mainly been used in which the whole of the vibrator body vibrates, and the vibrator is supported at its nodal point by a spring or a soldered wire. This degrades the characteristics of the filters, widens their manufacturing deviations, and limits their reliability and miniaturization. This paper proposes a new type of piezoelectric ceramic filter for the MF‐band using the edge‐mode vibration. This type of filter has a simple shape and a small size, and can be supported by vibration‐absorptive means such as a trapped‐energy type vibrator. The three‐terminal single‐mode filter is presented in which the electrode is divided with a gap into two parts to be used for the input and output. The relationship between the width of the gap and the fractional bandwidth of the filter is calculated theoretically, and the upper limit of its bandwidth is given. By using Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 pieaoelectric ceramics, two types of 455‐kHz filters having the 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 1.3% and 1.6%, respectively, have been produced experimentally. By connecting 3 or 4 units of either type of the filters in cascade, a filter having the out‐of‐band attenuation greater than 50 dB over the wide frequency range up to ten times the center frequency has been produced successfully. To widen the bandwidth of the edge‐mode piezoelectric filter, the double‐mode filter consisting of two acoustically coupled resonators is also proposed. Experimental results confirm the practical usefulness of this type of filter.