gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability-Centered Maintenance Planning based on Computer-Aided FMEA (2002)

For proper management of life cycle of machines and manufacturing facilities, it is important to perform appropriate maintenance operations, and to keep machine status for better reuse and recycling opportunity. For this purpose, a virtual maintenance system is very effective, where facility life cycle model is constructed in computer, and reliability and availability of machines are predicted based on usage deterioration modelling. FMEA(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is a powerful method to extensively investigate possible machine failure and functional deterioration, and to predict reliability. However it is very time-consuming and tedious to perform FMEA by conventional manual method. In this paper, computer aided FMEA is proposed, and its theoretical basis is discussed. An extended product model is introduced, where possible machine failure information is added to describe used machine status. By applying generic behaviour simulation to extended product models, it is possible to detect abnormal or mal-behaviour of machines under used conditions. Based on this behaviour analysis and extended product models, FMEA process can be performed by computer-aided manner, and can be very efficient to avoid laborious work and possible errors. Based on FMEA results, maintenance planning can be evaluated by simulating life cycle operations of machines and by predicting reliability during operation. For validating the proposed computer-aided FMEA method, several experiments are performed for mechatronics products.
Lower Risk of Dementia in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Taking Non‐Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study (2021)

Background A higher risk of developing dementia is observed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Results are inconsistent regarding the risk of dementia when patients with AF use different anticoagulants. We aimed to investigate the risk of dementia in patients with AF receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared with those receiving warfarin. Methods and Results We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of incident cases using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We initially enlisted all incident cases of AF and then selected those treated with either NOACs or warfarin for at least 90 days between 2012 and 2016. First-ever diagnosis of dementia was the primary outcome. We performed propensity score matching to minimize the difference between each cohort. We used the Fine and Gray competing risk regression model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for dementia. We recruited 12 068 patients with AF (6034 patients in each cohort). The mean follow-up time was 3.27 and 3.08 years in the groups using NOACs and warfarin, respectively. Compared with the HR for the group using warfarin, the HR for dementia was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.73-0.92; <i>P</i>=0.0004) in the group using NOACs. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that users of NOAC aged 65 to 74 years, with a high risk of stroke or bleeding were associated with a lower risk of dementia than users of warfarin with similar characteristics. Conclusions Patients with AF using NOACs were associated with a lower risk of dementia than those using warfarin. Further randomized clinical trials are greatly needed to prove these findings.
Vista: a microstorage architecture that implements file systems and object databases (2002)

Vista is a system for storing, retrieving and manipulating data that supports a new generation of applications that provide more powerful features for end users. Vista does not directly implement these end user features, but it provides technology that allows applications to easily implement them. To understand the design of Vista, it is important to first understand these end user features. Although most of these features can be implemented in a file system, they are not simply extensions to files. They also apply to other storage models, and some fit more closely with other, more powerful, storage models. Vista and the microstorage architecture extends the popular idea of separating policy from mechanism to storage architectures by separating the storage model from the underlying storage mechanism. Until now, file systems, databases, and object stores were viewed as separate systems with their own semantics and implementation. Data in one system could not be used in another, and applications were designed to work with only one system. Vista unifies these system, by implementing them on a common substrate so they share data seamlessly. In Vista, different applications or different parts of the same application may use different storage models to manipulate the same data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INCA: a computational platform for isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis (2014)

13C flux analysis studies have become an essential component of metabolic engineering research. The scope of these studies has gradually expanded to include both isotopically steady-state and transient labeling experiments, the latter of which are uniquely applicable to photosynthetic organisms and slow-to-label mammalian cell cultures. Isotopomer network compartmental analysis (INCA) is the first publicly available software package that can perform both steady-state metabolic flux analysis and isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis. The software provides a framework for comprehensive analysis of metabolic networks using mass balances and elementary metabolite unit balances. The generation of balance equations and their computational solution is completely automated and can be performed on networks of arbitrary complexity.
Application of electro optical frequency mapping (EOFM) in scan chain failure analysis for ASIC (2017)

This paper describes the use of Electrical Optical Frequency Mapping (EOFM) in amplitude and phase mode to binary search the broken scan cell and missing clock activities in scan-chain failure for Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) die inside the sensor device. Due to the smaller size of the ASIC die at the bottom stack of the GCELL and the Evaluation Board (EVB) design which not favorable for higher Numerical Aperture (NA) objective lens analysis, it limits the use of FA techniques such as top side probing and Electro Optical Probing (EOP) using Solid Immersion Lens (SIL). Due to these limitation, the EOFM by using airgap lens from backside is evaluated to compliment the top side probing analysis or EOP using SIL. It is observed both the phase and amplitude mode in EOFM will assist in isolating the faulty scan cell and faulty scan clock module. Two case studies presented in this paper will demonstrate how the EOFM helps to isolate the broken scan cell and the missing clock module.
Proteomics and Diabetic Nephropathy (2003)

Summary: Proteomic methods have found broad applications in kidney disease research and more specifically in diabetic nephropathy (DN) research. Proteomic methods such as 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis have been used to gain insight into glomerular and tubular nephropathies including DN. At the protein level, differences in high-abundant proteins in DN have been shown to reflect primarily differentially posttranslationally modified plasma proteins. Higher-sensitivity proteomic methods (eg, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry) have pushed the boundaries on the known urinary proteome to include more than 1,500 proteins. These same high-sensitivity methods have been applied toward profiling urinary peptides, which has resulted in methods to diagnostically screen urine to differentiate between type-2 diabetes mellitus and type-1 diabetes mellitus urine, normal versus microalbuminuria, or by angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment. Proteomic methods are being used to show response to insulin gene therapy in an animal model or alterations in the renal cortex mitochondrial proteome with the development of the diabetic phenotype. Proteomic methods continue to aid in the discovery of new mechanisms of diabetic pathology and understanding of the etiology of diabetic complications.
The supporting structures and layers on the medial side of the knee: an anatomical analysis. (1979)

The goal of this study was to delineate the consistent anatomical structures in the medial side of the knee and to determine their relationship to one another. One hundred and fifty-four fresh human knee joints were dissected. A three-layered pattern was found in which ligaments could be consistently placed. We have made suggestions regarding the nomenclature of these structures. The limits of of the so-called capsule and its significance as a stabilizer of the knee joint were examined. Only minor variations in the over-all anatomical pattern were found.
The rhetoric and reality: radicalization and political discourse (2012)

This article will illustrate how the term ‘radicalization’ has both contributed to and been the subject of the social construction of risk surrounding violence and radicalization. To this extent, contemporary discussions of radicalization are related to ideas of ‘vulnerability’ and susceptibility to ‘extremism’ – topics which facilitate problematic assertions of inherent relationships between challenging ideas and the propensity for violence. The article will close by providing some corrective suggestions to push forward less subjectively framed research, while still engaging in the complex examination of the relationships between identities, ideas, and violence.
Analysis of Sample Correlations for Monte Carlo Rendering (2019)

Abstract Modern physically based rendering techniques critically depend on approximating integrals of high dimensional functions representing radiant light energy. Monte Carlo based integrators are the choice for complex scenes and effects. These integrators work by sampling the integrand at sample point locations. The distribution of these sample points determines convergence rates and noise in the final renderings. The characteristics of such distributions can be uniquely represented in terms of correlations of sampling point locations. Hence, it is essential to study these correlations to understand and adapt sample distributions for low error in integral approximation. In this work, we aim at providing a comprehensive and accessible overview of the techniques developed over the last decades to analyze such correlations, relate them to error in integrators, and understand when and how to use existing sampling algorithms for effective rendering workflows.
2D Materials Based Optoelectronic Memory: Convergence of Electronic Memory and Optical Sensor (2019)

The continuous development of electron devices towards the trend of “More than Moore” requires functional diversification that can collect data (sensors) and store (memories) and process (computing units) information. Considering the large occupation proportion of image data in both data center and edge devices, a device integration with optical sensing and data storage and processing is highly demanded for future energy-efficient and miniaturized electronic system. Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have exhibited broadband photoresponse and high photoresponsivity in the configuration of optical sensors and showed fast switching speed, multi-bit data storage, and large ON/OFF ratio in memory devices. In addition, its ultrathin body thickness and transfer process at low temperature allow 2D materials to be heterogeneously integrated with other existing materials system. In this paper, we overview the state-of-the-art optoelectronic random-access memories (ORAMs) based on 2D materials, as well as ORAM synaptic devices and their applications in neural network and image processing. The ORAM devices potentially enable direct storage/processing of sensory data from external environment. We also provide perspectives on possible directions of other neuromorphic sensor design ( e.g ., auditory and olfactory) based on 2D materials towards the future smart electronic systems for artificial intelligence.
Comparison of different antibiotic regimens for therapy of 32 cases of Q fever endocarditis (1991)

We studied 32 cases of Q fever endocarditis diagnosed in France between January 1985 and December 1989 to evaluate the efficacies of the different regimens of antibiotics used for treatment. Each patient was monitored during the treatment (range, 12 to 60 months), and clinical and biological information was computerized. Various treatments were prescribed, including doxycycline alone (9 cases) or in association with rifampin (4 cases), quinolones (16 cases), or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (1 case). Two patients died before the beginning of the treatment. Nineteen patients had hemodynamic failure and subsequently underwent valve replacement. Nine valve tissue cultures were positive despite previous antibiotic treatment. In terms of their effects on mortality, the difference between doxycycline alone and doxycycline plus quinolones is statistically significant. We conclude that the addition of quinolones to doxycycline is beneficial. On the basis of clinical, serological, and valve tissue culture results, no treatment was able to cure Q fever endocarditis within 2 years, even with a combination of antibiotics. We advise a minimum duration of treatment of 3 years with therapy combining quinolones and doxycycline.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PRESSURIZED GASIFICATION OF TYPICAL CHINESE COAL WITH CARBON DIOXIDE (2002)

Gasification experiments of three Chinese coals were performed in a pressurized thermogravimetric analyzer The reaction temperature ranged from 1?123?K to 1?223?K and pressure up to 2 0?MPa Effects of coal type, pressure and temperature on gasification process are discussed The reactivity order of three chars is found to be: Shenmu Binxian Wangfeng The gasification rate rises quickly with increasing pressure when pressure is less than 1 6?MPa However, pressure above 1 6?MPa does not lead to a significant increase in gasification rate Based on experimental data, an empirical correlation equation for gasification rate is derived as follows: d x d t=k 0P CO 2 1+aP CO 2 exp ( Ea/(RT))(1 x) n The calculated values of n can indicate the different stage characteristic of gasification at different temperatures and pressures
DMRS Design and Evaluation for 3GPP 5G New Radio in a High Speed Train Scenario (2017)

This paper proposes demodulation reference signal (DMRS) designs for the 3GPP 5G New Radio (NR) high speed train scenario. Considering a carrier frequency of 30 GHz, each DMRS design specifies the density and location of the DMRS symbols in the frequency- and time-domains. The proposed DMRS design sets are intended to support accurate channel estimation in a very high mobility environment up to 500 km/h while limiting DMRS overhead to an acceptable level. Throughout extensive link-level simulations, it is shown that satisfactory block error rate (BLER) and spectrum efficiency performances can be achieved by using the proposed DMRS design sets even with severe Doppler shift/spread.
STATCOM-STATic synchronous COMpensator: theory, modeling, and applications (1999)

This paper describes the theory and the modeling technique of a flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) device, namely, the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) using the EMTP simulation package. The STATCOM, a solid-state voltage source inverter coupled with a transformer, is tied to a transmission line. A STATCOM injects an almost sinusoidal current, of variable magnitude, at the point of connection. This injected current is almost in quadrature with the line voltage, thereby emulating an inductive or a capacitive reactance at the point of connection with the transmission line. The functionality of the STATCOM model is verified by regulating the reactive current flow through it. This is useful for regulating the line voltage.
Identification, Characterization, and Quantitation of Soluble HLA Antigens in the Circulation and Peritoneal Dialysate of Renal Patients (1991)

Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II antigens and beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) were identified in peritoneal dialysate (PD) and serum from patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunoassay. The HLA class I and class II antigens each exhibited approximate molecular weights of 50,000 to 60,000 daltons by chromatography on Sepharose CL 6B. Class I antigens in serum and PD fluid were associated with B2M. Free B2M (Mr 11,500) also was detected in both sera and PD fluids. Unlike class I antigens, class II antigens were not found to have attached B2M. Class I and class II antigens eluted from 2-diethylaminoethanol ion exchange gradient columns at 0.07 mol/L (molar) phosphate buffer pH 7.2 and migrated with alpha 2-beta 1 mobility in agarose electrophoresis. Class I antigens were purified from ESRD patients' PD fluid by solid-phase immunoaffinity chromatography. Enzyme-linked immunoassay demonstrated that this purified protein was composed of a class I heavy chain and B2M. Class I allospecificity was confirmed by neutralization on known HLA typing antisera in a microcytotoxicity assay. Soluble HLA class I antigen preparations specifically inhibited blast transformation of responder lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture reactions. Inhibition was dose dependent and ranged from 0% to 95%. The presence of soluble HLA antigens in body fluids may play an important part in the immunologic tolerance to self. This study demonstrates a ready source of large quantities of soluble HLA for detailed analysis.
Laboratory Evaluation of Test Procedures for Use in the RCRA Hazardous Waste Ignitability Characteristic (1985)

The purpose of this research project was to conduct a single-laboratory evaluation of three methods to determine and characterize the potential hazard posed by flammable materials disposed in landfills. The test procedures—(1) radiant heat ignition, (2) linear flame propagation and (3) extinguishability with water tests—were conducted in six replicates on 26 actual and simulated wastes, including three reference standards. Precision of the replicate analyses was approximately 30% and was consistent between actual samples and reference standards. Evaluation of the data from the three tests revealed a significant correlation between the radiant heat and flame propagation tests and hence a possible redundancy based on the samples analyzed. The data show that the ignitability of a waste is directly related to the rate of flame propagation and the volume of water necessary to extinguish the flame, and is inversely related to the time to ignition under a radiant heat source. These relationships were combined into an “ignitability factor” for assessing the overall ignition tendency for the samples tested.
Optimum transmit-receiver design in the presence of signal-dependent interference and channel noise (2003)

Optimal detection of a target return contaminated by signal-dependent interference, as well as additive channel noise, requires the design of a transmit pulse f(t) and a receiver impulse response h(t) jointly maximizing the output signal to interference plus noise ratio, SINR. Despite the highly nonlinear nature of this problem, it has been possible to show that f(t) may always be chosen minimum-phase. A full analysis concludes with the construction of an effective numerical procedure for the determination of optimal pairs (f,h) that appears to converge satisfactorily for most values of input SINR. Extensive simulation reveals that the shape of f(t) can be a critical factor. In particular the performance of a chirp-like pulse is often unacceptable, especially when the clutter and channel noise are low-pass dominant and comparable.
Analysis of the bacterial community in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease sputum samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time PCR (2014)

This study revealed strong relationship between alterations of sputum microbiota and COPD. By determining the content of several types of bacteria, we can provide evidence to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of COPD.
A Method for Including Control Effector Interactions in the Control Allocation Problem (2007)

Abstract : Much emphasis has been placed on over-actuated systems for air vehicles. Over-actuating an air vehicle provides a certain amount of redundancy for the flight control system, thus potentially allowing for recovery from off-nominal conditions. Due to this redundancy, control allocation algorithms are typically utilized to compute a unique solution to the over-actuated problem. As the number of control effectors placed on a vehicle increases, the likelihood of the occurrence of control effector interactions increases. For example, deflection of an aerodynamic surface that is upstream of another aerodynamic surface may cause the forces and moments produced by the downstream effector to differ from those produced when the upstream effector is not deployed. Another example can be found on launch vehicles that can use a combination of differential throttles and gimballed nozzles for attitude control. The effectiveness of gimballed nozzles are clearly influenced by the engine thrust. The above are examples of the control effector interaction problem. In this work, a method is devised, which utilizes linear programming methods in an iterative framework, to take into account control effector interactions. While nonlinear programming techniques could be directly applied to such problems, the lack of convergence guarantees precludes their use in flight critical systems. The use of linear programming methods is appealing because an optimal solution to each linear programming sub-problem can be determined in a finite amount of time.
The Fate of One-Dollar Coins in the U.S. (2004)

The United States has introduced two one-dollar coins in the past 25 years, both of which have not circulated widely. Many other countries have replaced lower-denomination notes with coins and have achieved wide circulation and cost savings. Lessons from those countries suggest that achieving widespread use of a dollar coin is much harder if the note is allowed to remain in circulation.
Soluble Flt‐1 as a diagnostic marker of pre‐eclampsia (2008)

sFlt-1 was elevated in women with PE compared to NP. The sFlt-1 also differentiated women destined to develop PE among those who presented with a diagnostic rise in maternal blood pressure. The sFlt-1 test is a useful diagnostic test for PE.