gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Arylamine-Substituted Porphyrins as Hole-Transporting Materials in High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

To develop new hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis{4-[N,N-di(4-methoxylphenyl)amino-phenyl]}-porphyrin was prepared in gram scale through the direct condensation of pyrrole and 4-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]benzaldehyde. Its Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes exhibit excellent thermal and electrochemical stability, specifically a high hole mobility and very favorable energetics for hole extraction that render them a new class of HTMs in organometallic halide PSCs. As expected, ZnP as HTM in PSCs affords a competitive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.78%, which is comparable to that of the most powerful HTM of Spiro-MeOTAD (18.59%) under the same working conditions. Meanwhile, the metal centers affect somewhat the photovoltaic performances that CuP as HTM produces a lower PCE of 15.36%. Notably, the PSCs employing ZnP show a much better stability than Spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, the two porphyrin-based HTMs can be prepared from relatively cheap raw materials with a facile synthetic route. The results demonstrate that ZnP and CuP can be a new class of HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best performance that porphyrin-based solar cells could show with PCE > 17%.
Rate-Compatible Short-Length Protograph LDPC Codes (2013)

This paper produces a rate-compatible protograph LDPC code at 1k information blocklength with superior performance in both waterfall and error floor regions. The design of such codes has proved difficult in the past because the constraints imposed by structured design (protographs), rate-compatibility, as well as small block length, are not easily satisfied together. For example, as the block length decreases, the predominance of decoding threshold as the main parameter in coding design is reduced, thus complicating the search for good codes. Our rate-compatible protograph codes have rates ranging from 1/3 to 4/5 and show no error floor down to $10^{-6}$ FER.
Metformin enhances insulin signalling in insulin‐dependent and ‐independent pathways in insulin resistant muscle cells (2002)

1 Metformin lowers blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. To evaluate the insulin sensitizing action of metformin on skeletal muscle cells, we have used C2C12 skeletal muscle cells differentiated in chronic presence or absence of insulin. 2 Metformin was added during the last 24 h of differentiation of the C2C12 myotubes. Insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was determined. 3 Chronic insulin treatment resulted in 60 and 40% reduction in insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1, respectively. Treatment with metformin was able to increase the tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1 by 100 and 90% respectively. 4 Chronic insulin treatment drastically reduced (45%) insulin-stimulated phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity. Metformin treatment restored PI 3-kinase activity in insulin-resistant myotubes. 5 Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was impaired in chronically insulin-treated myotubes. Metformin increased basal glucose uptake to significant levels (P<0.05), but metformin did not increase insulin-stimulated glucose transport. 6 All the three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were activated by insulin in sensitive myotubes. The activation of p38 MAPK was impaired in resistant myotubes, while ERK and JNK were unaffected. Treatment with metformin enhanced the basal activation levels of p38 in both sensitive and resistant myotubes, but insulin did not further stimulate p38 activation in metformin treated cells. 7 Treatment of cells with p38 inhibitor, SB203580, blocked insulin- and metformin-stimulated glucose uptake as well as p38 activation. 8 Since the effect of metformin on glucose uptake corresponded to p38 MAPK activation, this suggests the potential role p38 in glucose uptake. 9 These data demonstrate the direct insulin sensitizing action of metformin on skeletal muscle cells.
Extended towed array processing by an overlap correlator (1989)

A method of extending towed array measurements that provides an aperture greater than that of the physical array is presented. Such a technique can be used by matched-field estimators to obtain information about the range and depth of a source and in other towed array applications requiring a very large aperture. The approach is to combine coherently the acoustic signals arriving at a moving array of hydrophones by making proper compensation through a factor that corrects for considerable fluctuations in phase irregularities in the tow path of the physical array as well as fluctuations in amplitude experienced during the coherent integration time. In this manner, the finite aperture of the physical array is exploited in a process that synthesizes the extended aperture of the method. The concept is based on an algorithm that we call an ‘‘overlap correlator,’’ which provides the phase correction factor by correlating overlapping space samples of the acoustic signal received at successive moments by the moving towed array. This is in contrast to the standard, passive synthetic aperture technique, which requires either highly accurate a priori knowledge of the source frequency or a maneuver in order to obtain a wavenumber or bearing estimate. The algorithm has been tested on numerical data generated by the SACLANT Undersea Research Centre’s normal mode model SNAP. The effects of space and time coherence of the signal and the random and systematic errors on the extended towed array measurements are examined and used to derive guidelines for experimental applications of this algorithm.
Eyemotion: Classifying facial expressions in VR using eye-tracking\n cameras (2017)

One of the main challenges of social interaction in virtual reality settings\nis that head-mounted displays occlude a large portion of the face, blocking\nfacial expressions and thereby restricting social engagement cues among users.\nHence, auxiliary means of sensing and conveying these expressions are needed.\nWe present an algorithm to automatically infer expressions by analyzing only a\npartially occluded face while the user is engaged in a virtual reality\nexperience. Specifically, we show that images of the user's eyes captured from\nan IR gaze-tracking camera within a VR headset are sufficient to infer a select\nsubset of facial expressions without the use of any fixed external camera.\nUsing these inferences, we can generate dynamic avatars in real-time which\nfunction as an expressive surrogate for the user. We propose a novel data\ncollection pipeline as well as a novel approach for increasing CNN accuracy via\npersonalization. Our results show a mean accuracy of 74% ($F1$ of 0.73) among 5\n`emotive' expressions and a mean accuracy of 70% ($F1$ of 0.68) among 10\ndistinct facial action units, outperforming human raters.\n
Therapeutically targeting glypican-3 via a conformation-specific single-domain antibody in hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Glypican-3 (GPC3) has emerged as a candidate therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the oncogenic role of GPC3 in HCC is poorly understood. Here, we report a human heavy-chain variable domain antibody, HN3, with high affinity (Kd = 0.6 nM) for cell-surface-associated GPC3 molecules. The human antibody recognized a conformational epitope that requires both the amino and carboxy terminal domains of GPC3. HN3 inhibited proliferation of GPC3-positive cells and exhibited significant inhibition of HCC xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. The underlying mechanism of HN3 action may involve cell-cycle arrest at G1 phase through Yes-associated protein signaling. This study suggests a previously unrecognized mechanism for GPC3-targeted cancer therapy.
Association of Cryptorchidism with a Specific Haplotype of the Estrogen Receptor α Gene: Implication for the Susceptibility to Estrogenic Environmental Endocrine Disruptors (2005)

The association of CO with homozygosity for the specific ESR1 haplotype suggests the relevance of genetic susceptibility to EEDs in the development of CO.
Thermionic converter. [with auxiliary emitter] (1976)

A gas-filled thermionic converter is provided with a collector and an emitter having a main emitter region and an auxiliary emitter region in electrical contact with the main emitter region. The main emitter region is so positioned with respect to the collector that a main gap is formed therebetween and the auxiliary emitter region is so positioned with respect to the collector that an auxiliary gap is formed therebetween partially separated from the main gap with access allowed between the gaps to allow ionizable gas in each gap to migrate therebetween. With heat applied to the emitter the work function of the auxiliary emitter region is sufficiently greater than the work function of the collector so that an ignited discharge occurs in the auxiliary gap and the work function of the main emitter region is so related to the work function of the collector that an unignited discharge occurs in the main gap sustained by the ions generated in the auxiliary gap. A current flows through a load coupled across the emitter and collector due to the unignited discharge in the main gap. 7 claims, 5 figures.
Colorless tunable optical dispersion compensator based on a silica arrayed-waveguide grating and a polymer thermooptic lens (2006)

We present a colorless tunable optical dispersion compensator (TODC) comprised of a silica arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) directly coupled to a polymer thermooptic lens. Using silica for the AWG allows it to be low loss and manufactured by a standard process, and using polymer for the thermooptic lens allows it to have a large tuning range and low electrical power consumption. This hybrid TODC is fully solid-state and scales to a large figure-of-merit (dispersion range times bandwidth squared). We demonstrate a version with 100-GHz free-spectral range and 1300-ps/nm tuning range with a 3-dB bandwidth >39 GHz and a lens power consumption <74 mW
Automating selective dynamic compilation (2002)

Run-time specialization of programs can potentially improve execution time by exploiting the (semi-)invariance of values. Several research prototypes have been developed that enable the user to apply run-time specialization using annotations in the source code. While they were a great improvement over previous manual systems, in reality their use has been limited because writing annotations that achieve good program speedups is a challenging task for humans, requiring a deep understanding of the program&apos;s characteristics and of the applicable run-time optimizations and their effects on the underlying computer architecture. In this
Anti‐Hepatitis B Virus X Protein in Sera Is One of the Markers of Development of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer Mediated by HBV (2009)

Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the significance of circulating antibody to hepatitis B virus X antigen (anti-HBx) in sera remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the titers of anti-HBx (IgG) in the sera from 173 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 106 liver cirrhosis (LC), and 61 HCC by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our data showed that the positive rates of anti-HBx were higher in sera of LC (40.6%) and HCC (34.4%) than those of CHB (10.4%), P < .05. In all 40 patients with anti-HBx+ out of 340 patients, 39 (97.5%) were HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc+ and 1 (2.5%) was anti-HBs+ (P < .01), suggesting that anti-HBx in sera is a marker of HBV replication rather than a protective antibody. Thus, our findings reveal that circulating anti-HBx in sera is one of the markers of development of LC and HCC mediated by HBV.
Light scattering Mueller matrix for a surface contaminated by a single particle in the Rayleigh limit (1992)

A ray-tracing model was used to derive the light scattering Mueller matrix element curves for a dipole near a perfect surface as a function of incident angle, scattering angle, and surface refractive index. This system represents a fundamental system composed of a perfect plane surface and a perfect (Rayleigh) scatterer.
Development of Animal Recombinant DNA Vaccine and Its Efficacy in Foxes (1988)

Rabies is prevalent in most parts of the world. An extensive reservoir of the disease is present in the population of wild animals. The fox in particular is a major vector of the disease in North America and Europe. Although attempts to control rabies by vaccination of wild carnivores with attenuated rabies virus have met with some success, this approach remains controversial. The potential of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein for the protection of foxes against rabies was examined. Both the parental (wild-type) and recombinant viruses were found to be innocuous to foxes. Inoculation of live recombinant virus via the subcutaneous, intradermal, or oral routes uniformly elicited high titers of neutralizing antibodies, and animals that received 10(8) plaque-forming units of the recombinant virus in bait resisted severe challenge with live rabies virus.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Organoboronic Acids to Aldimines Using Chiral Spiro Monophosphite-Olefin Ligands: Method Development and Mechanistic Studies (2018)

The synthesis of a novel type of chiral spiro monophosphite-olefin (SMPO) ligands based on a hexamethyl-1,1'-spirobiindane scaffold was accomplished starting from Bisphenol C. The optimal ligand could serve as an elegant chiral bidentate ligand in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric 1,2-addition of organoboronic acids to various acyclic/cyclic aldimines, leading to chiral amines with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Detailed stereochemical models for enantioselective induction were elucidated through DFT calculations and postulated the origins of the higher enantioselectivity of phosphite-olefin ligands.
Development of a novel micromachined parylene membrane filter device for capture and characterization of circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood. (2006)

5147 Metastasis is probably the most important event determining clinical outcome in cancer patients. Sensitive detection of earliest metastatic spread of tumor in a minimally invasive and user-friendly manner will revolutionize the clinical management of caner patients. The current methodology for circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture and identification has significant barriers including multiple procedural steps, handling of relatively large volumes of blood, substantial human intervention, extremely high cost and importantly, the lack of reliability and standardization for the detection methods. We report here development, optimization and actual clinical application of a novel parylene membrane filter microdevice for capturing CTC from undiluted human peripheral blood. To our knowledge, this is the first micromachined membrane filter used for rare CTC detection. Even without much optimization, the device already demonstrates greater than 80% recovery with high enrichment factor, which out-performs most current methods used in the field. Moreover, less than 10 minutes are required for each CTC capture operation, compared to current multi-step processing requiring more than an hour. Data will be presented for the application of this tumor cell capture device in both model system using cultured cancer cells admixed in blood and cancer patient blood samples. This novel filter based CTC enrichment device will provide a cost effective method for CTC monitoring with higher recovery rate, faster processing time and more reliable results due to minimal human intervention.
Generation of Humanized Mice Susceptible to Peptide-Induced Inflammatory Heart Disease (1999)

Our data provide the first genetic and functional evidence that human MHC class II molecules and a human alpha-myosin heavy chain-derived peptide can cause inflammatory heart disease and suggest that human inflammatory cardiomyopathy can be caused by organ-specific autoimmunity. The humanized mice generated in this study will be an ideal animal model to further elucidate the pathogenesis of inflammatory heart disease and facilitate the development of rational treatment strategies.
The Role of OTS Density on Pentacene and C<sub>60</sub> Nucleation, Thin Film Growth, and Transistor Performance (2009)

Abstract In organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), charge transport occurs in the first few monolayers of the semiconductor near the semiconductor/dielectric interface. Previous work has investigated the roles of dielectric surface energy, roughness, and chemical functionality on performance. However, large discrepancies in performance, even with apparently identical surface treatments, indicate that additional surface parameters must be identified and controlled in order to optimize OTFTs. Here, a crystalline, dense octadecylsilane (OTS) surface modification layer is found that promotes two‐dimensional semiconductor growth. Higher mobility is consistently achieved for films deposited on crystalline OTS compared to on disordered OTS, with mobilities as high as 5.3 and 2.3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 for C 60 and pentacene, respectively. This is a significant step toward morphological control of organic semiconductors which is directly linked to their thin film charge carrier transport.
Design of an efficient NoC architecture using millimeter-wave wireless links (2012)

The Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an enabling technology to integrate large numbers of embedded cores on a single die. Traditional multi-core designs based on the NoC paradigm suffer from high latency and power dissipation due to the inherent multi-hop nature of communication. The performance of NoC fabrics can be significantly enhanced by introducing long-range, low power, and high-bandwidth single-hop links between far apart cores. In this paper we present a design methodology and performance evaluation for a hierarchical small-world NoC with on-chip millimeter (mm)-wave wireless channels as long-range communication links. The proposed wireless NoC offers significantly better performance in terms of achievable bandwidth and energy dissipation compared to its conventional multi-hop wired counterpart in both uniform and non-uniform traffic scenarios. The performance improvement is achieved through efficient data routing, an optimum placement of the wireless hubs, and an energy-efficient transceiver design.
A hierarchical approach to deep learning and its application to tomographic reconstruction (2019)

Deep learning (DL) has been successfully applied to many image analysis and image enhancement tasks, but applying DL to inverse problems such as tomographic reconstruction remains challenging due to its high dimensionality and non-local spatial relationship. This paper introduces a hierarchical network architecture that enables purely DL-based tomographic reconstruction for full-size computed tomography (CT) datasets. The proposed method recursively decomposes the reconstruction problem into hierarchical sub problems that can each be solved by a neural network. Overall, the hierarchical approach requires exponentially fewer parameters than a generic network would, and in theory, is of lower computational order of complexity than analytical filtered-backprojection (FBP) reconstruction. As an example, we built a hierarchical network to reconstruct 2D CT images directly from sinograms without relying on conventional analytical or iterative reconstruction components. The hierarchical approach is extensible to three dimensions and to other applications such as emission and magnetic resonance reconstruction. Such DL-based reconstruction opens the door to an entirely new type of reconstruction, which could potentially lead to a better tradeoff between image quality and computational complexity.
Using Quantitative Seroproteomics to Identify Antibody Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer (2016)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Less than 6% of patients survive beyond the fifth year due to inadequate early diagnostics and ineffective treatment options. Our laboratory has developed an allogeneic, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting pancreatic cancer vaccine (GVAX) that has been tested in phase II clinical trials. Here, we employed a serum antibodies-based SILAC immunoprecipitation (SASI) approach to identify proteins that elicit an antibody response after vaccination. The SASI approach uses immunoprecipitation with patient-derived antibodies that is coupled to quantitative stable isotope-labeled amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Using mass spectrometric analysis, we identified more than 150 different proteins that induce an antibody response after vaccination. The regulatory subunit 12A of protein phosphatase 1 (MYPT1 or PPP1R12A), regulatory subunit 8 of the 26S proteasome (PSMC5), and the transferrin receptor (TFRC) were shown to be pancreatic cancer-associated antigens recognized by postvaccination antibodies in the sera of patients with favorable disease-free survival after GVAX therapy. We further interrogated these proteins in over 80 GVAX-treated patients' pancreases and uniformly found a significant increase in the expression of MYPT1, PSMC5, and TFRC in neoplastic compared with non-neoplastic pancreatic ductal epithelium. We show that the novel SASI approach can identify antibody targets specifically expressed in patients with improved disease-free survival after cancer vaccine therapy. These targets need further validation to be considered as possible pancreatic cancer biomarkers.
Seven Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antigen-Antibody Combination Assays: Evaluation of HIV Seroconversion Sensitivity and Subtype Detection (2001)

In this study, we evaluated the performance of two prototype human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) combination assays, one from Abbott Laboratories (AxSYM HIV Ag-Ab) and the other from bioMerieux (VIDAS HIV Duo Ultra), versus five combination assays commercially available in Europe. The assays were Enzygnost HIV Integral, Genscreen Plus HIV Ag-Ab, Murex HIV Ag-Ab Combination, VIDAS HIV Duo, and Vironostika HIV Uniform II Ag-Ab. All assays were evaluated for the ability to detect p24 antigen from HIV-1 groups M and O, antibody-positive plasma samples from HIV-1 groups M and O, HIV-2, and 19 HIV seroconversion panels. Results indicate that although all combination assays can detect antibodies to HIV-1, group M, subtypes A to G, circulating recombinant form (CRF) A/E, and HIV-1 group O, their sensitivity varied considerably when tested using diluted HIV-1 group O and HIV-2 antibody-positive samples. Among combination assays, the AxSYM, Murex, and VIDAS HIV Duo Ultra assays exhibited the best antigen sensitivity (at approximately 25 pg of HIV Ag/ml) for detection of HIV-1 group M, subtypes A to G and CRF A/E, and HIV-1 group O isolates. However, the VIDAS HIV Duo Ultra assay had a lower sensitivity for HIV-1 group M and subtype C, and was unable to detect subtype C antigen even at 125 pg of HIV Ag/ml. The HIV antigen sensitivity of the VIDAS HIV Duo and Genscreen Plus combination assays was approximately 125 pg of HIV Ag/ml for detection of all HIV-1 group M isolates except HIV-1 group O while the sensitivity of Vironostika HIV Uniform II Ag-Ab and Enzygnost HIV Integral Ag-Ab assays for all the group M subtypes was >125 pg of HIV Ag/ml. Among the combination assays, the AxSYM assay had the best performance for detection of early seroconversion samples, followed by the Murex and VIDAS HIV Duo Ultra assays.