gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference cancellation vs. joint detection for the uplink of the joint detection mobile radio concept (1997)

In Europe, third generation systems are likely to be based on GSM. A tempting idea is to attain the air interface of a next generation mobile radio system by supplying the TDMA based GSM with an additional CDMA component. This is the basic idea of the JD-CDMA mobile radio concept. In comparison with other mobile radio systems or system concepts employing CDMA, the JD-CDMA concept is a hybrid CDMA concept. JD and interference cancellation (IC) data detection algorithms are investigated for the JD-CDMA mobile radio concept. For the uplink of the system, the deployment of dual receiver antenna diversity is considered. The simulation results show that the JD algorithms employing decision feedback perform better than the IC algorithms. (6 pages)
Characterization of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in Cultured Rat Pituitary Cells (1980)

The properties of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors were analyzed in isolated pituitary cells prepared by enzymatic dispersion with trypsin or collagenase-hyaluronidase. The initial impairment of LH responses to GnRH in isolated cells prepared by both methods was reversed during culture for 2 days in multiwell vessels. However, specific binding sites for GnRH, assayed by equilibration with [125I]iodi0[D-Ser(t-BU)6]des-Gly10-GnRH N-ethylamide (GnRH-A) were demonstrable in collagenase-dispersed cells, both initially and after 2 days in culture. Cellular uptake of GnRH-A was temperature dependent, with rapid and saturable binding to a limited number of specific receptor sites with high affinity for the labeled analog (Ka = 4.0 +/- 0.8 X 10(9) M-1). These sites showed common binding specificity for GnRH-A and the native GnRH peptide, with significantly lower affinity for the natural peptide (Ka = 2.3 X 10(7) M-1). Other protein and peptide hormones, including ovine LH, ovine PRL, hCG, TRH, somatostatin, and angiotensin II (up to 10(-6) M) did not inhibit binding of GnRH-A to its receptors. Cellular binding of GnRH-A was followed by increased cGMP production and LH release within 10 min. The analog was 50 times more potent than native GnRH in stimulating LH release. The Kact values derived for GnRH and GnRH-A were 0.5 and 0.01 nM, respectively, considerably lower than the Kd values of 50 and 0.25 nM derived from receptor binding analysis. These results indicate that GnRH receptors can be identified in isolated pituitary cells, in which peptide binding is followed by increased cGMP production and LH release. The impaired LH responses in acutely dispersed pituitary cells are not due to the loss of receptor sites but to a reversible postreceptor defect. Occupancy of about 20% of the GnRH-binding sites elicits a near-maximal LH response, indicating the nonlinearity of GnRH-receptor coupling to secretory responses in the cultured gonadotroph.
Differential Sensitivity of Glioma- versus Lung Cancer–Specific EGFR Mutations to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors (2012)

Approximately 40% of human glioblastomas harbor oncogenic EGFR alterations, but attempts to therapeutically target EGFR with first-generation EGFR kinase inhibitors have failed. Here, we demonstrate selective sensitivity of glioma-specific EGFR mutants to ATP-site competitive EGFR kinase inhibitors that target the inactive conformation of the catalytic domain.
Reduced Rate of Repeated Prostate Biopsies Observed in ConfirmMDx Clinical Utility Field Study. (2014)

In this study, a low rate of repeat prostatic biopsies was observed in the group of men with previous histopathologically negative biopsies who were considered to be at risk for harboring cancer. The data suggest that patients managed using the ConfirmMDx for Prostate Cancer negative results had a low rate of repeat prostate biopsies. These results warrant a large, controlled, prospective study to further evaluate the clinical utility of the epigenetic test to lower the unnecessary repeat biopsy rate.
Using a validation model to measure the agility of software development in a large software development organization (2009)

This paper provides a metric for evaluating the agility of software development projects and organizations. The metric is based on a validation model derived from the V&V model. In this metric, agility is defined as minimizing the time between the production of intermediate deliverables and the validation of those deliverables. The major distinguishing feature of this metric is that it is independent of any particular software development process model, such as agile software development methods or the waterfall model. Therefore, this metric can be used for software development organizations that have a wide variety of software development projects with varying kinds of development processes. This metric has been shown to be practical in large software development organizations through exhaustive use in more than 7,000 projects over the last 9 years.
Topoisomerase I activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (1995)

In recent preclinical and clinical trials, topoisomerase I inhibitors have shown great promise as antitumor agents. These agents are most effective against tumors with high topoisomerase I activity. Therefore, determining topoisomerase I activity in advance may predict response to topoisomerase I inhibitors. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and normal tissue samples were obtained from 12 patients. Cellular extracts were prepared, and topoisomerase I activity assays were performed. The results suggest that topoisomerase I activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is increased approximately sixtyfold compared to normal tissue. Increased activity often correlates with clinical responsiveness; these results predict that topoisomerase I inhibitors should be effective and selective against squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Effects of compensatory growth on milk protein gene expression and mammary differentiation (1988)

This experiment was conducted to develop an understanding of mechanisms responsible for effects of a compensatory (stair-step) growth pattern on the expression of milk protein genes and mammary differentiation. One hundred thirty weanling female rats were randomly assigned to either a control or a test group (compensatory growth). Early lactating mammary tissues from the compensatory growth group showed an increase in the RNA:DNA ratio, protein:DNA ratio, DNA, RNA, and protein while exhibiting a decrease in the lipid content as compared with those of the control group (2.2, 1.6, 1.7, 3.8, 2.8, and 0.5 times, respectively). Mammary tissues from the compensatory growth group contained about 1.1- to 1.4-fold more total cytoplasmic mRNA for caseins and whey acidic protein than those of the control group. The compensatory growth pattern increased beta-casein mRNA accumulation, milk protein secretion, and amino acid uptake in mammary acinar culture (1.3, 1.3, and 1.1 times, respectively) compared with those of the control group. These results indicate that the compensatory growth pattern increases milk protein mRNA transcripts and may contribute to an increase in the functional activity of the mammary gland.
Nickel‐Supported on La<sub>2</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> Pyrochlores for Methane Steam Reforming: Insight into the Difference between Tin and Zirconium in the B Site of the Compound (2014)

Abstract La 2 Sn 2 O 7 and La 2 Zr 2 O 7 , two pyrochlore compounds with different B‐site cations, were prepared and used as supports for Ni in methane steam reforming. Compared with Ni/γ‐Al 2 O 3 , both Ni/La 2 Zr 2 O 7 and Ni/La 2 Sn 2 O 7 show very stable reaction performance. Whereas Ni/La 2 Zr 2 O 7 also displays reasonably high activity for the reaction, the activity of Ni/La 2 Sn 2 O 7 is extremely low. It was found that severe coking occurred with Ni/γ‐Al 2 O 3 , but no coke formation was observed on the two pyrochlore catalysts. On the reduced and spent Ni/La 2 Sn 2 O 7 catalyst, the Ni 3 Sn 2 and Ni 3 Sn alloys were detected; these alloys suppressed coke formation but also decreased the activity of the catalyst. In comparison, a large amount of La 2 O 2 CO 3 was formed on the used Ni/La 2 Zr 2 O 7 catalyst; these species reacted with the carbon deposits formed on the Ni particles and continuously restored the Ni sites. Thus, coking was effectively suppressed and the initial high activity of the catalyst was maintained. Thus, Ni/La 2 Zr 2 O 7 is a superior catalyst having the potential for industrial use.
A Photochromic Bioconjugate with Photoactivatable Fluorescence for Superresolution Imaging (2016)

A coumarin fluorophore and an oxazine photochrome can be integrated within the same molecular skeleton and connected covalently to a secondary antibody. Illumination of the antibody–dyad conjugate at an appropriate activation wavelength opens the oxazine ring reversibly and shifts bathochromically the ground-state absorption of the coumarin component. Selective excitation of the photochemical product then produces significant fluorescence and allows the detection of activated bioconjugates at the single-molecule level. Such fluorescence activation events can be exploited to resolve temporally individual emitters and reconstruct images of immunolabeled cells with subdiffraction resolution. Relying on a similar conjugation protocol, a model compound, incorporating the same chromophore of the photochemical product, can also be connected covalently to a secondary antibody. Stimulated emission can be exploited to deplete the excited state of the bioconjugated chromophores and switch their fluorescence off. These operating principles for fluorescence switching also permit the imaging of immunolabeled cells with subdiffraction resolution. Thus, these photoswitchable molecules, in combination with the labeling ability of antibodies, can evolve into valuable probes for bioimaging with superresolution.
Optically Pumped GeSn Lasers Operating at 270 K with Broad Waveguide Structures on Si (2019)

Lasing from direct bandgap group-IV GeSn alloys has opened a new venue for the development of Si-based monolithic laser. In this work, we demonstrate optically pumped GeSn lasers based on both ridge and planar waveguide structures. The near room temperature operation at 270 K was achieved with optically pumped edge-emitting devices. Moreover, due to the reduced side-wall surface recombination and improved thermal management, the 100 μm wide ridge waveguide laser features a lower lasing threshold compared to other devices. The advance reported in this work, enabled by the material growth via an industry standard chemical vapor deposition reactor and low-cost commercially available precursors, is a major step forward toward Si-based mid-infrared sources for photonics integration.
Discussion of the History and Relevance of the CO2/H2S Ratio (2011)

Abstract During the past decade or so, there has been an increase in the use of a rule-of-thumb that there is a dividing line between CO2 and H2S corrosion where the CO2/H2S gas partial pressure is 500. Most users of this ratio are familiar with neither the origins of the ratio, the assumptions that it implies nor of its practical limits. This work investigated both the history and the basis for the ratio. In doing so, it was determined that although there is a sound scientific basis for the ratio, the error band produced by variations in thermodynamic data inputs is so large as to make the ratio’s use impractical as an engineering guideline.
New Technologies for Construction of Medium-Rise Buildings in Seismic Regions: The XLAM Case (2008)

This paper reports on the outcomes of an experimental test performed on a full-scale building constructed using innovative technology. The experimental results are compared with the outcomes of a numerical analysis with the aim to derive the behaviour factor q used in a simplified elastic design of the building under seismic actions.
Effects of combinations of transforming growth factor-<i>beta</i>1 and tumor necrosis factor on induction of differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic cell lines. (1990)

Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), either alone or in combination with TNF, on the induction of differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic cell lines were examined. TGF-beta 1 alone induced differentiation of a human monocytic leukemia U-937 line into the cells with macrophage characteristics. When combined with TNF, TGF-beta 1 synergistically or additively induced differentiation associated properties. A human myeloblastic leukemia cell line, ML-1, differently responded to TGF-beta 1 in induction of differentiation. FcR activity and phagocytic activity induced by TNF were suppressed by TGF-beta 1. However, nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity was synergistically induced by combinations of TGF-beta 1 and TNF. Scatchard analysis of TNF receptors indicated that the number of binding sites and dissociation constant of TNF for its receptors on U-937 or ML-1 cells were not changed by treatment with TGF-beta 1. Although IFN-gamma, IL-6, granulocyte CSF, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF-induced nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity of U-937 cells, only IFN-gamma, and TNF induced it synergistically in combination with TGF-beta 1. Synergism between TGF-beta 1 and TNF was also observed in inhibition of growth of U-937 and ML-1 cells. Although TGF-beta 1 induction of differentiation of other monocytoid leukemic THP-1 cells was similar to that of U-937 cells, TGF-beta 1 only slightly induced differentiation of promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells, either alone or in combination with TNF. Our observations indicate that TGF-beta 1 strongly modulates differentiation and proliferation of human myelogenous leukemia cells, macrophage precursors.
Calculating the benefits of sponsored data for an individual content provider (2014)

Sponsored content is a mechanism in which content providers can pay the operator of a wireless network to make their content free to end users. Such offerings have recently been introduced in both the US and Asia and they raise many challenging questions regarding which sites should be candidates for sponsoring and how much the service provider should charge the content provider. Recent papers have proposed models for the economic dynamics between the participants in the system but all of these models require multiple parameters including the expected traffic increase due to the sponsoring and additional revenue that the content provider receives for each extra view. In this paper we offer two contributions. We first describe a detailed methodology for extracting these parameters given access to traffic data and published financial reports. We then discuss how this type of analysis can be used to select sites that are candidates for a sponsored promotion.
Vakantierechten van zieke werknemers na Schultz-Hoff: wie betaalt de Europese rekening? (2010)

Na het Schultz-Hoff-arrest is duidelijk dat de Nederlandse vakantieregeling (art. 7:635 lid 4 BW) in strijd is met richtlijn 2003/88/EG. In deze bijdrage wordt aan de hand van de jurisprudentie van het HvJ EG onderzocht wat de reikwijdte van de verplichting tot richtlijnconforme interpretatie is. Dit onderzoek leidt tot de conclusie dat een richtlijnconforme uitlegging van art. 7:635 lid 4 BW niet mogelijk is. Vervolgens wordt bezien welke mogelijkheden de (zieke) werknemer heeft om zijn Europese (vakantie)rekening toch betaald te krijgen door de werkgever of de staat.
Deep learning-based selection of human sperm with high DNA integrity (2019)

Despite the importance of sperm DNA to human reproduction, currently no method exists to assess individual sperm DNA quality prior to clinical selection. Traditionally, skilled clinicians select sperm based on a variety of morphological and motility criteria, but without direct knowledge of their DNA cargo. Here, we show how a deep convolutional neural network can be trained on a collection of ~1000 sperm cells of known DNA quality, to predict DNA quality from brightfield images alone. Our results demonstrate moderate correlation (bivariate correlation ~0.43) between a sperm cell image and DNA quality and the ability to identify higher DNA integrity cells relative to the median. This deep learning selection process is directly compatible with current, manual microscopy-based sperm selection and could assist clinicians, by providing rapid DNA quality predictions (under 10 ms per cell) and sperm selection within the 86<sup>th</sup> percentile from a given sample.
Enhancement of BRCA1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity through Direct Interaction with the BARD1 Protein (2003)

The breast and ovarian cancer-specific tumor suppressor RING finger protein BRCA1 has been identified as an E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase through in vitro studies, which demonstrated that its RING finger domain can autoubiquitylate and monoubiquitylate histone H2A when supplied with Ub, E1, and UBC4 (E2). Here we report that the E3 ligase activity of the N-terminal 110 amino acid residues of BRCA1, which encodes a stable domain containing the RING finger, as well as that of the full-length BRCA1, was significantly enhanced by the BARD1 protein (residues 8-142), whose RING finger domain itself lacked Ub ligase activity in vitro. The results of mutagenesis studies indicate that the enhancement of BRCA1 E3 ligase activity by BARD1 depends on direct interaction between the two proteins. Using K48A and K63A Ub mutants, we found that BARD1 stimulated the formation of both Lys(48)- and Lys(63)-linked poly-Ub chains. However, the enhancement of BRCA1 autoubiquitylation by BARD1 mostly resulted in poly-Ub chains linked through Lys(63), which could potentially activate biological pathways other than BRCA1 degradation. We also found that co-expression of BRCA1 and BARD1 in living cells increased the abundance and stability of both proteins and that this depended on their ability to heterodimerize.
Multicamera phase measuring profilometry for accurate depth measurement (2007)

Structured light illumination refers to a scanning process of projecting a series of patterns such that, when viewed from an angle, a camera is able to extract range information. Ultimately, resolution in depth is controlled by the number of patterns projected which, in turn, increases the total time that the target object must remain still. By adding a second camera sensor, it becomes possible to not only achieve wrap around scanning but also reduce the number of patterns needed to achieve a certain degree of depth resolution. But a second camera also makes it possible to reconstruct 3-D surfaces through stereo-vision techniques and triangulation between the cameras instead of between the cameras and the projectors. For both of these two tasks, correspondence between points from two cameras is essential. In this paper, we develop a new method to find the correspondence between the two cameras using both the phase information generated by the temporal multiplexed illumination patterns and stereo triangulation. We also analyze the resulting correspondence accuracy as a function of the number of structured patterns as well as the geometric position of projector to cameras.
Simulation of a Chain of Collapsible Contracting Lymphangions With Progressive Valve Closure (2010)

The aim of this investigation was to achieve the first step toward a comprehensive model of the lymphatic system. A numerical model has been constructed of a lymphatic vessel, consisting of a short series chain of contractile segments (lymphangions) and of intersegmental valves. The changing diameter of a segment governs the difference between the flows through inlet and outlet valves and is itself governed by a balance between transmural pressure and passive and active wall properties. The compliance of segments is maximal at intermediate diameters and decreases when the segments are subject to greatly positive or negative transmural pressure. Fluid flow is the result of time-varying active contraction causing diameter to reduce and is limited by segmental viscous and valvular resistance. The valves effect a smooth transition from low forward-flow resistance to high backflow resistance. Contraction occurs sequentially in successive lymphangions in the forward-flow direction. The behavior of chains of one to five lymphangions was investigated by means of pump function curves, with variation of valve opening parameters, maximum contractility, lymphangion size gradation, number of lymphangions, and phase delay between adjacent lymphangion contractions. The model was reasonably robust numerically, with mean flow-rate generally reducing as adverse pressure was increased. Sequential contraction was found to be much more efficient than synchronized contraction. At the highest adverse pressures, pumping failed by one of two mechanisms, depending on parameter settings: either mean leakback flow exceeded forward pumping or contraction failed to open the lymphangion outlet valve. Maximum pressure and maximum flow-rate were both sensitive to the contractile state; maximum pressure was also determined by the number of lymphangions in series. Maximum flow-rate was highly sensitive to the transmural pressure experienced by the most upstream lymphangions, suggesting that many feeding lymphatics would be needed to supply one downstream lymphangion chain pumping at optimal transmural pressure.
Investigational CHK1 inhibitors in early phase clinical trials for the treatment of cancer (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitors have been in development for two decades. The initial CHK1 inhibitor staurosporine analog, UCN01, entered clinical trials whilst it was still considered to act via PKC inhibition; only later were trials performed in a more focused fashion to determine whether CHK1 inhibition could dysregulate cell cycle checkpoints. Many of the subsequently synthesized more specific CHK1 inhibitors have failed because of poor PK/PD or cumulative normal tissue toxicities in patients. CHK1 inhibitor monotherapy often demonstrates limited efficacy and in general, must be combined with other agents. The combination of CHK1 inhibitors with modern signaling regulators may be a better therapeutic strategy.<b>Areas covered</b>: This review discusses the history of, and translational use of CHK1 inhibitors; the latest generation of CHK1 inhibitors to enter clinic development are also examined.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Some CHK1 inhibitors can be administered safely, but that when they are combined with traditional cytotoxic DNA damaging agents, the normal tissue toxicities outweigh the very modest gains in therapeutic efficacy. Researchers need to think outside of the box and consider how CHK1 inhibitors can be combined with other signal transduction modulators such as MEK1/2 and PARP1 inhibitors to kill tumor cells.
High-precision plasma β-amyloid 42/40 predicts current and future brain amyloidosis (2019)

This study provides Class II evidence that plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels accurately determine amyloid PET status in cognitively normal research participants.