gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly directional thermal emission from two-dimensional silicon structures (2013)

We simulate, fabricate, and characterize near perfectly absorbing two-dimensional grating structures in the thermal infrared using heavily doped silicon (HdSi) that supports long wave infrared surface plasmon polaritons (LWIR SPP's). The devices were designed and optimized using both finite difference time domain (FDTD) and rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) simulation techniques to satisfy stringent requirements for thermal management applications requiring high thermal radiation absorption over a narrow angular range and low visible radiation absorption over a broad angular range. After optimization and fabrication, characterization was performed using reflection spectroscopy and normal incidence emissivity measurements. Excellent agreement between simulation and experiment was obtained.
MicroRNA-155 Promotes Myeloid Proliferation and Is Overexpressed in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (2007)

Abstract Recent discoveries have implicated microRNAs, which are small 22–24 nucleotide long RNA molecules, as important regulators of many cellular processes, including differentiation and development. The microRNA-155 (miR-155) is known to be overexpressed in subsets of B-cell neoplasms and is thought to be important in the activation and function of B-lymphocytes. Here, we show that miR-155 is signficantly overexpressed in human acute myeloid leukemia and that its overexpression is most consistently seen in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. These findings led us to investigate the effects of overexpression of miR-155 in hematopoietic cells. By utilizing retroviral infection and transfer of murine bone marrow, we introduced miR-155 overexpressing hematopoietic stem cells into lethally irradiated recipient mice. Following reconstitution of hematopoietic organs, the mice demonstrated a profound myeloproliferative condition in the bone marrow characterized by replacement of the marrow by proliferating and dysplastic myelomonocytic cells. In addition, extramedullary hematopoiesis was observed in the spleen and examination of the peripheral blood revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. To begin to explore the mechanisms whereby miR-155 overexpression results in this myeloproliferative phenotype, we utilized computational methods to identify targets predicted to be regulated by miR-155. This revealed several genes that have previously been implicated in myeloid development and neoplasia, which were confirmed to be targets of miR-155 by reverse-transcription/quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT/QPCR) and by downregulation of luciferase protein upon fusion of the luc gene with the respective 3′ untranslated regions. These studies show a hitherto uncharacterized role of miR-155 in myeloid development and proliferation. Importantly, these findings lay the groundwork for understanding the complex regulatory networks underlying myeloid development in the context of microRNAs, and may point to new therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of myeloid malignancies.
Anionic polymerization of acrylic monomers. 16. Living anionic copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and tert-butyl acrylate as promoted by lithium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxide (1994)

peer reviewed
Controlled enzymatic production of astrocytic hydrogen peroxide protects neurons from oxidative stress via an Nrf2-independent pathway (2010)

Neurons rely on their metabolic coupling with astrocytes to combat oxidative stress. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) appears important for astrocyte-dependent neuroprotection from oxidative insults. Indeed, Nrf2 activators are effective in stroke, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease models. However, key endogenous signals that initiate adaptive neuroprotective cascades in astrocytes, including activation of Nrf2-mediated gene expression, remain unclear. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plays an important role in cell signaling and is an attractive candidate mediator of adaptive responses in astrocytes. Here we determine (i) the significance of H(2)O(2) in promoting astrocyte-dependent neuroprotection from oxidative stress, and (ii) the relevance of H(2)O(2) in inducing astrocytic Nrf2 activation. To control the duration and level of cytoplasmic H(2)O(2) production in astrocytes cocultured with neurons, we heterologously expressed the H(2)O(2)-producing enzyme Rhodotorula gracilis D-amino acid oxidase (rgDAAO) selectively in astrocytes. Exposure of rgDAAO-astrocytes to D-alanine lead to the concentration-dependent generation of H(2)O(2). Seven hours of low-level H(2)O(2) production (∼3.7 nmol·min·mg protein) in astrocytes protected neurons from oxidative stress, but higher levels (∼130 nmol·min·mg protein) were neurotoxic. Neuroprotection occurred without direct neuronal exposure to astrocyte-derived H(2)O(2), suggesting a mechanism specific to astrocytic intracellular signaling. Nrf2 activation mimicked the effect of astrocytic H(2)O(2) yet H(2)O(2)-induced protection was independent of Nrf2. Astrocytic protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition also protected neurons from oxidative death, representing a plausible mechanism for H(2)O(2)-induced neuroprotection. These findings demonstrate the utility of rgDAAO for spatially and temporally controlling intracellular H(2)O(2) concentrations to uncover unique astrocyte-dependent neuroprotective mechanisms.
ACCURATE LOCATION OF FAULTS ON THREE-TERMINAL LINE WITH USE OF THREE-END UNSYNCHRONISED MEASUREMENTS (2008)

Abstract – This paper presents a new fault location algorithm for three-terminal line utilising unsynchronised measurements of three-end currents and voltages. The distributed parameter line model is strictly considered for formulating three subroutines of the algorithm. Efficient procedure for selecting the valid results is introduced. The presented results of the ATP-EMTP evaluation prove the validity of the fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.
Carbene-based ruthenium photosensitizers (2011)

A new series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-pyridine ruthenium complexes incorporating a carbene unit as an ancillary ligand were designed and successfully synthesized by using simple synthetic methods. The photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these NHC-pyridine based ruthenium complexes were investigated. These complexes showed photoelectric conversion efficiencies in the range of 6.43 ∼ 7.24% under the illumination of AM 1.5 (100 mW cm(-2)). Interestingly, the modifications on the ancillary ligand of these sensitizers by removal of an alkoxyl group and replacement of the octyl chain with a 3,5-difluorobenzyl group showed a 13% increase in the conversion efficiency for the CifPR dye. These results demonstrated that structural modifications on the NHC-pyridine ancillary ligand of ruthenium complexes results in dye-sensitized solar cells exhibiting a comparable cell performance to that obtained using the standard N719 dye.
An Investigation Into the Feasibility of Real-Time Soccer Offside Detection From a Multiple Camera System (2009)

In this paper, we investigate on the feasibility of multiple camera system for automatic offside detection. We propose six fixed cameras, properly placed on the two sides of the soccer field (three for each side) to reduce perspective and occlusion errors. The images acquired by the synchronized cameras are processed to detect the players' position and the ball position in real-time; a multiple view analysis is carried out to evaluate the offside event, considering the position of all the players in the field, determining the players who passed the ball, and determining if active offside condition occurred. The whole system has been validated using real-time images acquired during official soccer matches, and quantitative results on the system accuracy were obtained comparing the system responses with the ground truth data generated manually on a number of extracted significant sequences.
Focusing light in deep tissue with time-reversed ultrasound microbubble encoded light(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Optical scattering of biological tissue limits the penetration depth of conventional optical techniques, which rely on the detection of ballistic photons. Recent developed optical phase conjugation (OPC) technique breaks through this depth limit by shaping an optical wavefront that can “undo” the optical scattering. Assisted with an ultrasound focus, this technique enables optical focusing inside biological tissue in a freely addressable fashion. However, ultrasound modulation efficiency is low and the focusing resolution is limited by the ultrasound. Here we present a new technique, time-reversed ultrasound microbubble encoded (TRUME) optical focusing, which is able to provide high focusing efficiency and sub-ultrasound resolution. This technique achieves the wavefront solution by taking the difference of the optical fields captured outside the sample before and after ultrasound-driven microbubble destruction. A conjugated wavefront was then reconstructed and sent back to the sample to form a focus at the site of microbubble destruction. We experimentally demonstrate that a focus with ~2 um size was formed through a 2-mm thick biological tissue using this method. While the size the microbubble sets the resolution of an individual focus, the scale of the ultrasound focus limits the focusing addressability of this technique. Importantly, by utilizing the nonlinear destruction of microbubbles, the TRUME technique breaks the addressable focus resolution barrier imposed by the ultrasound focus. We experimentally demonstrate a 2-fold improvement in addressability using this effect. Since microbubbles are widely used as ultrasound contrast agents in human, this technique provides a promising solution for focusing light deep inside biological tissue.
An Incentive-Based Demand Response (DR) Model Considering Composited DR Resources (2018)

Demand response (DR) has been recognized as a powerful tool to help mitigate power imbalances in a future smart energy system. This paper takes the point of view of a grid operator (GO) to establish an intraday resource trading framework, over which DR resources from different sectors (large industrial consumers and small- or middle-sized customers) are brought to the system level and are assessed by the GO along with the generators, with the aim of procuring the required system resources at minimal cost. Considering the distinct behaviors of the involved entities, Stackelberg game theory was adopted to analyze the coordination among the various decision makers. A unique Stackelberg equilibrium was identified that yields the optimal outcome for the resource trading game between the GO and demand-side participators. Simulation results demonstrated that the total procurement cost was minimized by applying the proposed approach.
Fault Tolerance Middleware for Cloud Computing (2010)

The Low Latency Fault Tolerance (LLFT) middleware provides fault tolerance for distributed applications deployed within a cloud computing or data center environment, using the leader/follower replication approach. The LLFT middleware consists of a Low Latency Messaging Protocol, a Leader-Determined Membership Protocol, and a Virtual Determinizer Framework. The Messaging Protocol provides are liable, totally ordered message delivery service by employing a direct group-to-group multicast where the ordering is determined by the primary replica in the group. The Membership Protocol provides a fast reconfiguration and recovery service when a replica becomes faulty and when a replica joins or leaves a group. The Virtual Determinizer Framework captures ordering information at the primary replica and enforces the same ordering at the backup replicas for major sources of non-determinism. The LLFT middleware maintains strong replica consistency, offers application transparency, and achieves low end-to-end latency.
Music synthesizer and a method of generating a synthesizer output with a constant beat (2006)

Prior art synthesizers often select a small interval d to detune. For example, if the nominal oscillator frequency was 1000 Hz, then applying a detune parameter of 10 cent would result in a detuned oscillator frequency of 1006 Hz. However, at the next octave, the nominal frequency would be 2000 Hz with the detuned oscillator frequency of 2012 Hz. Accordingly, a detuned oscillator has a frequency deviation which is proportional to its nominal frequency. Hence, when mixing detuned oscillators, the resulting signal has a beat frequency which varies with the pitch and doubles with each octave. An aim of the present invention is to provide a music synthesizer whereby sounds are generated with a constant optimum beat across a large range of tones. The present invention relates to a music synthesizer comprising a first and second oscillator and a signal generator which applies a constant beat parameter to a pitch signal to derive the input for said second oscillator, thereby enabling a synthesizer output to be generated at a substantially constant beat.
Modulating Shrimp Tropomyosin-Mediated Allergy: Hypoallergen DNA Vaccines Induce Regulatory T Cells to Reduce Hypersensitivity in Mouse Model (2019)

Shellfish allergy is one of the most common food allergies, with tropomyosin as the major cross-reactive allergen. However, no allergen-specific immunotherapy is clinically available. Recently, we designed two shrimp hypoallergens MEM49 and MED171. This study aimed to examine and compare the efficacy of the MEM49- and MED171-based DNA vaccines (pMEM49 and pMED171) in modulating shrimp allergy in a murine model of shrimp tropomyosin sensitivity. Intradermal immunization of BALB/c mice with pMEM49 or pMED171 effectively down-modulated allergic symptoms, tropomyosin-specific IgE levels, intestinal Th2 cytokines expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Both pMEM49 and pMED171 increased the frequency of regulatory T cells, but to a greater extent by pMED171 with upregulation of gut-homing molecules integrin-α4β7. The functionality of the pMED171-induced Treg cells was further illustrated by anti-CD25-mediated depletion of Treg cells and the adoptive transfer of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>Treg cells. Collectively, the data demonstrate that intradermal administration of pMED171 leads to the priming, activation, and migration of dermal dendritic cells which subsequently induce Treg cells, both locally and systemically, to downregulate the allergic responses to tropomyosin. This study is the first to demonstrate the potency of hypoallergen-encoding DNA vaccines as a therapeutic strategy for human shellfish allergy via the vigorous induction of functional Treg cells.
Inactivation by phthalocyanine photosensitization of multiple forms of human immunodeficiency virus in red cell concentrates (1996)

Pc 4 and red light are effective in eliminating the infectivity of HIV in red cell concentrates. The usefulness of this approach for blood banking depends on future demonstration of the preservation of red cell circulatory survival and function in vivo.
New families of supermicroporous metal oxides: the link between zeolites and mesoporous materials (2005)

Sol-gel hydrolysis reactions in propanol of two or more metal acetates or alkoxides in n-alkylamines have been found to yield porous mixed oxides with the presence of pores largely in the 10-20 A region.
In vivo regeneration of neo-nephrons in rodents by renal progenitor cell transplantation (2021)

Renal progenitor cells induced from pluripotent stem cells have attracted attention as a cell source for organ regeneration. Here, we report an <i>in vivo</i> protocol for the regeneration of urine-producing nephrons, i.e., neo-nephrons, in mice. We outline steps to transplant exogenous renal progenitor cells into the nephrogenic zone of transgenic mice and subsequently analyze these neo-nephrons. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Fujimoto et al. (2020).
Advances in Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (2007)

The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego has been involved in the continuing development of obstacle avoidance for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) towards the aim of a high level of autonomous navigation. An autonomous USV can fulfill a variety of missions and applications that are of increasing interest for th e US Navy and other Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security organizations. The USV obstacle avoidance package is being developed first by accurately creating a world mode l based on various sensors such as vision, radar, and nautical charts. Then, with this world model the USV can avoid obstacles with the use of a far-field deliberative obstacle avoidance comp onent and a near-field reactive obstacle avoidance component. This paper addresses the advances made in USV obstacle avoidance during the last two years.
Human adenovirus-36 antibody status is associated with obesity in children (2010)

Ad-36 infection is common in obese Korean children and correlates highly with obesity. Ad-36 may have played a role in the obesity and Type 2 diabetes epidemic in children.
Tomographic inversion by matrix transformation (2008)

Abstract We have developed a new method to build seismic velocity models for complex structures. In our approach, we use a spatially nonuniform parameterization of the velocity model in tomography and a uniform grid representation of the same velocity model in ray tracing to generate the linear system of tomographic equations. Subsequently, a matrix transformation is applied to the system of equations to produce a new linear system of tomographic equations using nonuniform parameterization. In this way, we improved the stability of tomographic inversion without adding computing costs. We tested the effectiveness of our process on a 3D synthetic data example.
Enhanced solid-state multispin metrology using dynamical decoupling (2012)

We use multipulse dynamical decoupling to increase the coherence lifetime (${T}_{2}$) of large numbers of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) electronic spins in room temperature diamond, thus enabling scalable applications of multispin quantum information processing and metrology. We realize an order-of-magnitude extension of the NV multispin ${T}_{2}$ in three diamond samples with widely differing spin impurity environments. In particular, for samples with nitrogen impurity concentration $\ensuremath{\lesssim}$1 ppm, we extend ${T}_{2}$ to $>$2 ms, comparable to the longest coherence time reported for single NV centers, and demonstrate a tenfold enhancement in NV multispin sensing of ac magnetic fields.
Audio-visual unit selection for the synthesis of photo-realistic talking-heads (2002)

This paper investigates audio-visual unit selection for the synthesis of photo-realistic, speech-synchronized talking-head animations. These animations are synthesized from recorded video samples of a subject speaking in front of a camera, resulting in a photo-realistic appearance. The lip-synchronization is obtained by optimally selecting and concatenating variable-length video units of the mouth area. Synthesizing a new speech animation from these recorded units starts with audio speech and its phonetic annotation from a text-to-speech synthesizer. Then, optimal image units are selected from the recorded set using a Viterbi search through a graph of candidate image units. Costs are attached to the nodes and arcs of the graph that are computed from similarities in both the acoustic and visual domain. While acoustic similarities are computed by simple phonetic matching, visual similarities are estimated using a hierarchical metric that uses high-level features (position and sizes of facial parts) and low-level features (projection of the image pixels on principal components of the database). This method preserves coarticulation and temporal coherence, producing smooth, lip-synched animations. Once the database has been prepared, this system can produce animations from ASCII text fully automatically.
Concreting at Subfreezing Temperatures (1992)

Temperature affects the rate at which portland cement concrete develops strength. Below about 20°C, strength gain is retarded, whereas at higher temperatures it is accelerated. Strength gain is essentially stopped at temperatures below -5°C because water that otherwise would be available for hydration freezes. A series of chemicals was tested for the ability to promote strength gain of concrete at 20, -5, -10, and -20°C. The results show that low-temperature strength gain of concrete containing certain chemicals can be comparable to that of additive-free concrete cured at normal temperature. The best admixtures were those that depressed the freezing point of the mix water and accelerated the hydration of cement.
Laser emission from the 13.9-μm 1000→0110 CO2 transition in pulsed electrical discharges (1977)

Laser emission on the Q and P branches of the 1000→0110 transition of CO2 has been observed in a system using a cryogenically cooled pulsed electrical discharge as the excitation source. This is the first reported evidence that an inversion on this transition can be produced by direct electrical excitation of a gas mixture containing CO2. The inversion is created by using a delayed 10.6-μm laser pulse to saturate the 1000 state. Parameter ranges for the system operating in an optimal CO2 : N2 : He=1 : 2 : 25 gas mixture are as follows: pressure, 5–18 Torr; temperature, 140–220 °K; time delay of 10.6-μm laser pulse, 0.1–4 msec; and output energy, 15–20 μJ/pulse.
Wind Profiling from a New Compact, Pulsed, 2-Micron, Coherent- Detection Doppler Lidar Transceiver during Wind Measurement Intercomparison (2009)

NASA Langley Research Center has a long history of developing 2-micron laser transmitter for wind sensing. With support from NASA Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) and Instrument Incubator Program (IIP), NASA Langley Research Center has developed a state-of-the-art compact lidar transceiver for a pulsed coherent Doppler lidar system for wind measurement. This lidar system was recently deployed at Howard University facility in Beltsville, Maryland, along with other wind lidar systems. Coherent Doppler wind lidar ground-based wind measurements and comparisons with other lidars and other sensors will be presented.
Scalable, HIL, Unconstrained 3-Axis Test Bed for Attitude Control Systems (2010)

A new approach for verification and validation (V&V) of attitude control systems (ACSs) is presented. Air bearings have by far been the unanimous choice for attitude control test bed platforms. However, the infrastructure required in developing and using such air bearing systems are extensive and result in very expensive test beds, thereby restricting such facilities to a very small number. There has been limited research in the development of alternative forms of test beds. This paper introduces a simple and fast approach to validate attitude control systems which makes it suitable for testing responsive space hardware. The approach is primarily based on the measurement of output torque of the attitude actuator using a torque sensing platform called GATorSense developed in house. The approach also provides the ability to perform V&V in thermal and vacuum environments. Additionally, the utility of the GATorSense as an actuator characterization tool is presented with results from a test performed on a control moment gyroscope.