gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase-Transduced Human Cytotoxic T Cells Suppress the Growth of Human Melanoma in Immunodeficient Mice (2004)

Immunotherapy of melanoma by adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive T lymphocytes aims at increasing the number of activated effectors at the tumor site that can mediate tumor regression. The limited life span of human T lymphocytes, however, hampers obtaining sufficient cells for adoptive transfer therapy. We have shown previously that the life span of human T cells can be greatly extended by transduction with the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, without altering antigen specificity or effector function. We developed a murine model to evaluate the efficacy of hTERT-transduced human CTLs with antitumor reactivity to eradicate autologous tumor cells in vivo. We transplanted the human melanoma cell line melAKR or melAKR-Flu, transduced with a retrovirus encoding the influenza virus/HLA-A2 epitope, in RAG-2(-/-) IL-2Rgamma (-/-) double knockout mice. Adoptive transfer of the hTERT-transduced influenza virus-specific CTL clone INFA24 or clone INFA13 inhibited the growth of melAKR-Flu tumors in vivo and not of the parental melAKR melanoma cells. Furthermore, the hTERT-transduced CTL clone INFA13 inhibited tumor growth to the same extent in vivo as the untransduced CTL clone, as determined by in vivo imaging of luciferase gene-transduced melAKR-Flu tumors, indicating that hTERT did not affect the in vivo function of CTL. These results demonstrate that hTERT-transduced human CTLs are capable of mediating antitumor activity in vivo in an antigen-specific manner. hTERT-transduced MART-1-specific CTL clones AKR4D8 and AKR103 inhibited the growth of syngeneic melAKR tumors in vivo. Strikingly, melAKR-Flu cells were equally killed by the MART-1-specific CTL clones and influenza virus-specific CTL clones in vitro, but only influenza-specific CTLs were able to mediate tumor regression in vivo. The influenza-specific CTL clones were found to produce higher levels of IFNgamma on tumor cell recognition than the MART-1-specific CTL clones, which may result from the higher functional avidity of the influenza virus-specific CTL clones. Also, melAKR-Flu tumors were growing faster than melAKR tumors, which may have surpassed the relatively modest antitumor effect of the MART-1-specific CTL, as compared with the influenza virus-specific CTL. Taken together, the adoptive transfer model described here shows that hTERT-transduced T cells are functional in vivo, and allows us to evaluate the balance between functional activity of the CTL and tumor growth rate in vivo, which determines the efficacy of CTLs to eradicate tumors in adoptive transfer therapy.
Application of a eutectic mixture of lidocaine/prilocaine cream to the moustache area prior to electrolysis provides effective analgesia (1995)

AbstractElectrolysis for removal of unwanted facial hair can be painful and uncomfortable. Any therapy that reduces the pain of this procedure is likely to increase the efficacy and acceptability of electrolysis and encourage more patients to return for subsequent treatments. We therefore determined the effectiveness and practicality of applying a eutectic mixture of lidocaine/prilocaine cream to the moustache area (upper lip) prior to electrolysis. In a randomized, double-bund, single-center, crossover trial, 21 female patients applied lidocaine/prilocaine cream to one-half of the moustache area and placebo to the other under an occlusive dressing for 60 min. The pain experienced by the patient during electrolysis was rated on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and by the electrologist on a verbal rating scale (VRS). There was a statistically significant difference in favor of the lidocaine/prilocaine cream compared with placebo, for both the VAS score and VRS rating. The results demonstrate that lidocaine/prilocaine cream is an effective and practical method for alleviating the pain experienced during electrolysis. Sufficient amounts of cream, typically between 1.5 and 5 g on each half of the moustache area, should be applied under occlusion 1 h prior to the procedure.Key Words: EMLAElectrolysis
Inchworm controller for fine approach in a scanning tunneling microscope (1991)

This article addresses the problem of controlling the smooth approach of a scanning tunneling microscope using a commercial ferroelectric tube or ‘‘inchworm’’ device for both coarse and fine adjustment. A circuit is described for adapting the commercial control electronics such that the tip to sample approach time is less than 10 min with a fine control resolution of better than 1 Å to prevent the tip crashing into the surface.
The drawing behavior of linear polyethylene. I. Rate of drawing as a function of polymer molecular weight and initial thermal treatment (1976)

Abstract The drawing behavior of a series of linear polyethylene homopolymers with weight‐average molecular weight (M̄ w ) ranging from 67,800 to ∼3,500,000 and variable distribution (M̄ w /M̄ n = 5.1−20.9) has been studied. Sheets were prepared by two distinct routes: either by quenching the molten polymer into cold water or by slow cooling below the crystallization temperature (∼120°C) followed by quenching into cold water. When the samples (2 cm long) were drawn in air at 75°C using a crosshead speed of 10 cm/min it was found that for low M̄ w polymers the initial thermal treatment has a dramatic effect on the rate at which the local deformation proceeds in the necked region. At high M̄ w such effects are negligible. An important result was that comparatively high draw ratios (λ > 17) and correspondingly high Young's moduli could be obtained for a polymer with M̄ w as high as 312,000. It is shown how some of the structural features of the initial materials (mainly studied by optical microscopy, small‐angle x‐ray scattering and low‐frequency laser Raman spectroscopy) can be interpreted in terms of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymers. Although crystallization and morphology can be important at low M̄ w , it suggested that the concept of a molecular network which embraces both crystalline and noncrystalline material is more helpful in understanding the drawing behavior over the whole range of molecular weights.
Detection of Receptor Activator of NF-κ β Ligand in Apical Periodontitis (2004)

A novel protein known as receptor activator of NF-kappa beta ligand (RANK-L) has been identified as a potential osteoclast differentiation factor. However, comparatively little is known about the expression of RANK-L in the pathogenesis of periradicular lesions. In this study, RANK-L expression was evaluated in biopsy specimens from apical periodontitis. Tissue samples from 21 periapical lesions were collected. RANK-L mRNA was isolated by using the guanidinium isothiocyanate acid phenol method. This was followed by generation of cDNA using specific primer for RANK-L by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification. RANK-L expression in each periapical sample was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis analysis showed a single band of 385 bp corresponding to RANK-L in every periapical lesion. By contrast, normal control tissue showed no detectable RANK-L mRNA expression. In conclusion, RANK-L may play a role in apical periodontitis-induced bone resorption.
High-efficiency orange to near-infrared emissions from bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes with phenyl-benzoquinoline isomers as ligands (2009)

We report the synthesis and characterization of three novel bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes with phenyl-benzoquinoline (pbq) analogs as ligands, namely, Ir(pbq-f)2acac, Ir(dpbq-f)2acac, and Ir(pbq-g)2acac, where pbq-f, dpbq-f and pbq-g representing 3-phenyl-benzo[f]quinoline, 1,3-diphenyl-benzo[f]quinoline, and 2-phenyl-benzo[g]quinoline, respectively. Interesting distinctions were observed in the electronic structures, photophysical and electroluminescent properties of these complexes. Ir(pbq-f)2acac and Ir(dpbq-f)2acac are orange-red emissive phosphors with strong metal–ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) emission bands centered at 577 and 604nm, respectively, while Ir(pbq-g)2acac shows the largest red-shift to near-infrared (NIR) region with a peak emission at 708nm and a shoulder around 780nm in solution. All the phosphors exhibit strong electrophosphorescence with negligible triplet-triplet annihilation due to quite short phosphorescent lifetimes (∼0.5µs) and high emission quantum yields. Orange-red emissive Ir(dpbq-f)2acac gives a maximum current efficiency of 17.4 cd/A and external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 10.5%. NIR emissive Ir(pbq-g)2acac shows a promising emission centered at 720nm with a shoulder above 780nm. Forward light output is 4.6 mW/cm2 at 13V and the maximum ηext is nearly 1.1%. Our study demonstrates that the constitutional isomers of cyclometallated ligand distinctly control the electronic structures and emissive properties of the corresponding Ir complexes and the obtained NIR emissive Ir(pbq-g)2acac implies the potential to realize highly efficient NIR OLEDs based on Ir(III) complexes.
A novel label-free cell-based assay technology using biolayer interferometry (2016)

Biolayer interferometry (BLI) is a well-established optical label-free technique to study biomolecular interactions. Here we describe for the first time a cell-based BLI (cBLI) application that allows label-free real-time monitoring of signal transduction in living cells. Human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells were captured onto collagen-coated biosensors and serum-starved, followed by exposure to agonistic compounds targeting various receptors, while recording the cBLI signal. Stimulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with EGF, the β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor with dopamine, or the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/c-MET) with an agonistic antibody resulted in distinct cBLI signal patterns. We show that the mechanism underlying the observed changes in cBLI signal is mediated by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, a process referred to as dynamic mass redistribution (DMR). A panel of ligand-binding blocking and non-blocking anti-EGFR antibodies was used to demonstrate that this novel BLI application can be efficiently used as a label-free cellular assay for compound screening and characterization.
Optical sampling system at 1.5 µm using twophotonabsorption in Si avalanche photodiode (1998)

A highly sensitive optical sampling system at 1.5 µm is described, in which an Si avalanche photodiode is used as a two photon absorber for the cross-correlation measurement of optical pulse shapes. The sampling pulse is generated from a passively and actively modelocked external-cavity semiconductor laser with a repetition rate of 10 GHz, and 2 ps temporal resolution is achieved.
Opioid antagonists for pain (2013)

Since the comprehensive review by Leavitt in 2009, few new studies on the use of opioid antagonists for pain have been published. The few clinical trials generally consist of small populations. However, there does appear to be a trend of effectiveness of low doses (higher doses antagonize opioid agonist effects). How opioid antagonists can elicit an analgesic effect is still unclear, but a number of possibilities have been suggested. Although the data do not yet support recommendation of widespread application of this off-label use of opioid antagonists, further study appears worthwhile.
The Botany of Mangroves (2016)

Mangroves are distinctive tropical plant communities that occupy the intertidal zone between sea and land. They are of major ecological importance, have economic value as a source of food and raw materials, and serve as a buffer from flooding and climate change-induced sea level rise. Mangroves are under threat from pollution, clearance and over-exploitation, and increasing concern has driven demand for an improved understanding of mangrove species. This book provides an introduction to mangroves, including their taxonomy, habitat-specific features, reproduction and socio-economic value. Fully updated to reflect the last two decades of research, this new edition of a key text includes newly documented taxa, new understandings of vivipary and the evolution of mangrove species, and a rich set of colour illustrations. It will appeal to researchers and students across a range of disciplines, including botany, ecology and zoology.
Development and evaluation of health monitoring techniques for railway point machines (2015)

A more predictive maintenance approach for railway point machines can lead to fewer delays, lower operating costs, and improved safety for the railway industry. However, achieving this improvement in reliability, availability, and maintainability, necessitates the development of a predictive monitoring system for the fleet of point machines. This monitoring system would include acquiring the appropriate signals, the use of advanced pattern recognition and statistical methods for finding the early symptoms of point machine degradation, and a user interface for displaying and reporting the health results. This research effort focuses on the development of the statistical and pattern recognition tools for point machine health monitoring. The health monitoring algorithm development was performed for an MET electromechanical point machine, in which a test-bed was constructed for the data collection and algorithm development and validation. The introduction of seeded faults and degraded conditions were used on the test-bed to determine the level of accuracy, false alarm rate, and sensitivity of the health-monitoring algorithm to various failure modes. A series of algorithm processing steps, which include segmenting the point machine movements, statistical feature extraction, and multivariate health assessment tools such as principal component analysis and self-organizing maps were used in this study. The results showed significant promise, and it appears that the health condition assessment is quite good for various levels of friction degradation, obstacle detection, and detecting the higher levels of misalignment. From a technical perspective, future work could include a more robust and general approach for segmentation, along with an improved method for threshold setting. From an implementation perspective, there is still additional work needed for selecting the appropriate hardware and software platform for deploying this health monitoring system for point machines.
You Are What Apps You Use: Demographic Prediction Based on User's Apps (2021)

Understanding the demographics of app users is crucial, for example, for app developers, who wish to target their advertisements more effectively. Our work addresses this need by studying the predictability of user demographics based on the list of a user's apps which is readily available to many app developers. We extend previous work on the problem on three frontiers: (1) We predict new demographics (age, race, and income) and analyze the most informative apps for four demographic attributes included in our analysis. The most predictable attribute is gender (82.3 % accuracy), whereas the hardest to predict is income (60.3 % accuracy). (2) We compare several dimensionality reduction methods for high-dimensional app data, finding out that an unsupervised method yields superior results compared to aggregating the apps at the app category level, but the best results are obtained simply by the raw list of apps. (3) We look into the effect of the training set size and the number of apps on the predictability and show that both of these factors have a large impact on the prediction accuracy. The predictability increases, or in other words, a user's privacy decreases, the more apps the user has used, but somewhat surprisingly, after 100 apps, the prediction accuracy starts to decrease.
An Analysis of Evolution of Lending Patterns of IFAD China’s Rural Financial Project (2010)

This paper tells us briefly the background and aims of the foundation of IFAD. It points out that IFAD plays an important part in helping the development of agricultural and food production in developing countries, and in reducing the poverty conditions in the poorest countries. It tells us that IFAD has offered donation to China for 8 times, with a total amount reaching to 56.839 million dollars. With the development of the economy of China, IFAD has changed its leading financial policies to China from a highly beneficial policy to a moderate lending policy. The operation of the loan projects have greatly improved the living conditions and of the local and the conditions of agricultural production, promoting the improvement of economy, social stability, and environment. It discusses several lending patterns of IFAD China’ s rural financial projects. The government-lending model, which is represented by the IFAD financial loan. Market-oriented model of formal financial institution, which is represented by IFAD Rural Credit Cooperatives, with market oriented. Government supporting as secondary model, which are dominated by IFAD Women’s lending patterns and Village Development Fund lending model. In this paper, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and evaluated. It discusses the development trend of IFAD financial lending patterns in terms of Rural Credit Cooperatives and a pattern which is community –oriented and farmers-benefited.
Assessment of Image Quality Degraded by Tone Rendering Distortion (2011)

The tone rendering distortion index (TRDI), which assesses image quality degradation via the distortion within a display of the tone rendering curve (TRC), is introduced and investigated. The effect of the tone rendering distortion upon image quality is different from the effect of data-loss during image compression. The tone rendering distortion changes the lightness, hue and chroma, which results in degradation of an image into irregular patterns depending upon the shape of the distorted TRC. While peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PNSR) and color differences do not represent the image quality very well, the TRDI shows a strong agreement with the human-perceived image quality, despite its simplicity. The method is useful for developing new display technology as well as for refining the image processing within display systems.
On the Optimal Radiation Bandwidth of Printed Slot Antennas Surrounded by EBGs (2006)

This paper describes a design strategy to achieve the maximum bandwidth and efficiency for a printed slot antenna surrounded by EBGs. First the dielectric constant and the thickness of the dielectric slab that guarantees an acceptable front to back radiation ratio is identified. Then electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures are designed to achieve the optimal bandwidth (BW) while obtaining high surface wave efficiency in the radiating half space. To achieve this goal the wave interaction between the slot and the EBG structures is investigated in depth and clearly described. For the case of Planar circularly symmetric (PCS) EBGs the maximum of radiation BW is shown to occur when the distance between the central antenna and the EBG is approximately half wavelength of the first surface wave, /spl lambda//sub sw//2.
Chinese cosmopolitanism and lyrical exoticism on the eve of World War II: Xu Xu’s novella<i>The Jewish Comet</i> (2019)

This abridged translation of the novella The Jewish Comet (Youtai de huixing 猶太的彗星) by the Chinese writer Xu Xu 徐訏 (1908–1980) introduces Western readers to the wartime fiction of one of the most popular authors of the Republican Period (1912–1949). Written in 1937 on the eve of the outbreak of World 10 War II, the Jewish Comet (Youtai de huixing 猶太的彗星) is an exotic romance that explores the adventures of a Chinese male narrator and a female Jewish secret agent during their boat journey from Shanghai to Italy. In a critical introduction, the translator illustrates that Xu Xu’s exotic wartime fiction needs to be read as a product of the cosmopolitan atmosphere of pre-war Shanghai where readers took great interest in East-West encounters, global politics, and the plight of the Jewish people. The translator further argues that Xu Xu’s aesthetics managed to answer to the national discourse of resistance literature by bestowing agency upon his protagonists and thereby alleviating his urban readers’ guilt over their own passivity while also responding to a shared desire for romance and personal fulfillment at a time when most wartime propaganda extolled an ideology of moral collectivism and national salvation.
Doping in Semiconductors (2023)

Master fundamental technologies for modern semiconductor integrated circuits with this definitive textbook. It includes an early introduction of a state-of-the-art CMOS process flow, exposes students to big-picture thinking from the outset, and encourages a practical integration mindset. Extensive use of process and TCAD simulation, using industry tools such as Silvaco Athena and Victory Process, provides students with deeper insight into physical principles, and prepares them for applying these tools in a real-world setting. Accessible framing assumes only a basic background in chemistry, physics and mathematics, providing a gentle introduction for students from a wide range of backgrounds; and over 450 figures (many in color), and more than 280 end-of-chapter problems, will support and cement student understanding. Accompanied by lecture slides and solutions for instructors, this is the ideal introduction to semiconductor technology for senior undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering, materials science and physics, and for semiconductor engineering professionals seeking an authoritative introductory reference.
Structural basis for substrate recognition by a unique <i>Legionella</i> phosphoinositide phosphatase (2012)

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen that causes sporadic and epidemic cases of Legionnaires' disease. Emerging data suggest that Legionella infection involves the subversion of host phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism. However, how this bacterium actively manipulates PI lipids to benefit its infection is still an enigma. Here, we report that the L. pneumophila virulence factor SidF is a phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate 3-phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the D3 phosphate of PI(3,4)P(2) and PI(3,4,5)P(3). This activity is necessary for anchoring of PI(4)P-binding effectors to bacterial phagosomes. Crystal structures of SidF and its complex with its substrate PI(3,4)P(2) reveal striking conformational rearrangement of residues at the catalytic site to form a cationic pocket that specifically accommodates the D4 phosphate group of the substrate. Thus, our findings unveil a unique Legionella PI phosphatase essential for the establishment of lipid identity of bacterial phagosomes.