gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wind Farms With HVdc Delivery in Inertial Response and Primary Frequency Control (2010)

This paper develops a coordination control strategy for wind farms with line commutated converter-based HVdc delivery for participating in inertial response and primary frequency control. The coordination philosophy is to feedback the grid frequency and its derivative and adjust the delivery power of the HVdc link according to the feedback signals. The feedback loop employing the derivative of the grid frequency aims to improve the inertial response while the feedback loop employing the grid frequency deviation introduces a droop at the rectifier control loop. When the grid frequency is too high or too low, active power flow through the HVdc link will be ramped down or up. In turn, the wind generation will increase or decrease the blade angles to reduce or increase the captured wind power through pitch control. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the inertial enhancement and frequency droop in HVdc control. Simulation results in transient security assessment tool are given.
Microbial composition analysis of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infections in an ulcerative colitis patient treated with multiple fecal microbiota transplantations (2014)

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapy for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, questions remain regarding efficacy and safety in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, as well as longitudinal stability of donor stool composition. This report describes an IBD patient with two CDIs 18 months apart, each successfully treated with FMT with no IBD flares or complications. Microbiome composition analysis of patient samples during each infection revealed low-diversity microbiota patterns similar to those previously described in non-IBD patients with CDI and active IBD alone. Samples taken after each transplant demonstrated quick remodeling towards the donor's sample composition coinciding with symptom resolution. Of note, samples taken from the same donor 18 months apart reflected marked differences in microbiota abundances, suggesting that the use of single donors in FMT programs offers little benefit in ensuring predictability of donor stool composition over time. This report describes similar microbial composition patterns during CDI in IBD patients to those described previously in non-IBD patients, and supports FMT as safe and effective treatment for recurring CDI in this patient population.
Advanced metrology needs for nanoelectronics lithography (2006)

The semiconductor industry has exploited productivity improvements through aggressive feature size reduction for over four decades. While enormous effort has been expended in developing the optical lithography tools to print ever finer features, significant advances have also been required to measure the printed features. In this article we will discuss the current state of the art in the metrology for measuring critical dimensions of printed features for scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and describe work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology advancing these tools as well as exploratory work on two new promising techniques, scatterfield microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. Line width roughness critical dimension and overlay metrology and control are two of the most significant industry needs mentioned in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (2005).
IgG4-related disease: pathophysiologic insights drive emerging treatment approaches. (2016)

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory condition that can affect essentially any organ. The disease shows similar histopathology findings across organ systems, consisting of a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate enriched in IgG4-positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. IgG4 itself appears to be a reactive phenomenon rather than the primary disease driver. Recent investigations have focused on the interactions between cells of the B cell lineage and a novel CD4+ SLAMF7+ cytotoxic T cells capable of promoting fibrosis. Plasmablasts appear to play a crucial role along with B cells in the presentation of antigen to this T cell. IgG4-RD is marked by responsiveness to glucocorticoids, but frequent disease relapse, the inability to taper glucocorticoids completely, and steroid toxicity are problematic. Targeted treatment approaches against the B cell lineage appear promising, and therapeutic efforts focused upon the CD4+ SLAMF7+ cytotoxic T cell may also be feasible.
Effects of β Subunit Cytoplasmic Domain Deletions on the Recruitment of the Integrin αvβ6 to Focal Contacts (1994)

The integrin alpha v beta 6 is expressed primarily in epithelial cells and mediates attachment to the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. We recently observed that alpha v beta 6 localizes to focal contacts when cells that express the receptor are plated on fibronectin. To determine which regions of the beta 6 cytoplasmic domain are required for recruitment to focal contacts, the wild type human beta 6 cytoplasmic domain are required for recruitment to focal contacts, the wild type human beta 6 subunit and mutants containing selective deletions within the beta 6 cytoplasmic domain were stably expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. The beta 6 cytoplasmic domain is composed of a 41 amino acid region that is highly conserved among integrin beta subunits, and a unique 11 amino acid carboxy terminal extension. The 11 amino acid extension was not required for localization to focal contacts; in fact, its removal appeared to increase receptor localization. However, removal of any of the 3 conserved regions previously identified as important for the localization of beta 1 integrins to focal contacts (Reszka, et al., 1992, J. Cell Biol. 117:1321-30) eliminated recruitment of beta 6 to focal contacts. These data suggest that, as with the integrin beta 1 subunit, multiple regions within the first 41 amino acids of the beta 6 cytoplasmic domain are necessary for recruitment of alpha v beta 6 to focal contacts. However, the unique 11 amino acid carboxy terminus of beta 6 is not required for this recruitment, and may actually play a negative regulatory role.
Protective effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors against epidermal basement membrane damage: skin equivalents partially mimic photoageing process (2005)

Our results indicate that MMPs are involved in the degradation of BM in SEs, and that MMP inhibitors exert a protective effect against BM damage.
Measurements of dose distributions in small beams of 6 MV X-rays (1987)

Dose distributions produced by small circular beams of 6 MV x-rays have been measured using ionisation chambers of small active volume. Specific quantities measured include tissue maximum ratios (TMR), total scatter correction factors (St), collimator scatter correction factors (Sc) and off-axis ratios (OAR). Field sizes ranged from 12.5 to 30 mm diameter, and were defined by machined auxiliary collimators with the movable jaws set for a 4 cm x 4 cm field size. Due to the lack of complete lateral electronic equilibrium for these small fields, the accuracy of the measurements was also investigated. This was accomplished by studying dose response as a function of detector size. Uncertainties of 2.5% were observed for the central axis dose in the 12.5 mm field when measuring with an ionisation chamber with a diameter of 3.5 mm. The total scatter correction factor exhibits a strong field size dependence for fields below 20 mm diameter, while the collimator scatter correction factor is constant and is defined by the setting of the movable jaws. Off-axis ratio measurements show larger dose gradients at the beam edges than those achieved with conventional collimator systems. Corrected profiles measured with an ionisation chamber are compared with measurements made with photographic film and LiF thermoluminescent dosemeters.
Managing with a Book Club [Associate Editors View (2010)

It was a Saturday in late October 2009. I was on a business trip in Taipei and had to stay over the weekend. A few local friends decided to take me hiking on the scenic Tianmu Gudao (Ancient Tianmu Trail), located in the Shilin District and bordering an area best known as an enclave for Taiwan's expatriate community. The Tianmu Trail is also known as Shuiguan Trail (Water Pipe Trail) since a big water pipe lies along most part of the trail. The water pipe is part of a waterway system built during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan. Today, the pipe supplies 19,000 tons of water per day to residents.
Readers panel - A fine solution (2010)

Should hospitals face financial penalties for readmissions? We asked our readers panel
Presence, Habitat Use, and Prey Selection of Champlain ValleyOwls, New York (2016)

Published in SUNY Plattsburgh's Scientia Discipulorum Journal of Undergraduate Research. Volume 8, issue 1, pages 22-42. 2016.
Por una tipología de la experiencia backpacker (2011)

La socio−antropología del backpacking y del turismo nunca se ha preocupado realmente del sentido sociológico de la práctica backpacker. Este artículo pretende paliar este problema, presentando una tipología de experiencias backpacker, tomando en cuenta el sentido que esa práctica toma para aquellos individuos que las viven y las narran. Examinamos aquí el sentido que dichos backpackers confieren al backpacking, desde el punto de vista del significado para la cultura de la que provienen los backpackers. Se adjudica una atención especial al mandato de la identitaria performativa y a la cuestión de la autenticidad.
Id/KLH Vaccine (FavId™) Following Treatment with Rituximab: An Analysis of Response Rate Improvement (RRI) and Time-to-Progression (TTP) in Follicular Lymphoma (FL). (2004)

Abstract Background: Id/KLH vaccine (FavId) administered as a single agent has been associated with tumor regressions in patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) FL. B-cell depletion has been demonstrated to augment the T-cell immune response to subsequent vaccine administration in mice (Qin 1998 Nat Med 4:627). Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Id-KLH administered during the period of rituximab induced B-cell depletion. Eligibility: FL pts who were: treatment naïve (TN); RR following chemotherapy; or relapsed following rituximab. Treatment: Following rituximab (375mg/m2 i.v. weekly x 4) pts received Id-KLH (1 mg s.q. monthly x 6) starting on week 12. GM-CSF, 250 mcg, was administered s.q. at the Id-KLH injection site on days 1–4. Pts could continue Id-KLH until progression. Results: 103 pts received rituximab. Response to rituximab at month 3 was 35% (3-CR; 33-PR). Eleven (11) pts were PD following rituximab (11%). Id/KLH could not be made for 4 pts (4%). Eighty-eight (88) pts were begun on Id-KLH. Among the 45 RR pts, 32 (72%) have not progressed at a median follow-up of 12 months compared with 40% of historical control pts treated with rituximab alone (Witzig 2002 JCO 20:2453). Among the 43 TN pts, 82% have not progressed after a median follow-up of 9 months. RRI (SD to PR, PR to CR after month 3) was observed in 21 pts (12-SD to PR; 9-PR to CR). Robust T-cell responses to both Id and KLH were observed (3 of 3 pts tested). Anti-KLH antibody responses were generally not seen until B-cell recovery. The most frequent adverse event was an injection site reaction. A flu-like syndrome was also observed consistent with GM-CSF administration. Conclusion: Id/KLH vaccine (FavId), administered to pts with FL during a period of B-cell depletion induced by rituximab, can result in an anti-Id T-cell response, and appears to result in an RRI and an increased TTP compared to historical controls. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trial of rituximab + FavId has been initiated.
Solar-blind AlxGa1−xN-based avalanche photodiodes (2005)

We report the Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) growth, fabrication, and characterization of solar blind AlxGa1−xN∕GaN-based avalanche photodiodes. The photocurrent voltage characteristics indicate a reproducible avalanche gain higher than 25 at a 72 V applied reverse bias. Under a 25 V reverse bias voltage, the 100 μm diameter devices had a maximum quantum efficiency of 55% and a peak responsivity of 0.11A∕W at 254 nm, and a NEP of 1.89x10−16 W∕Hz1∕2.
Structure Based Refinement of a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody That Targets Tumor Antigen Disialoganglioside GD2 (2014)

Disialoganglioside GD2 is an important target on several pediatric and adult cancer types including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma, small-cell lung cancer, brain tumors, sarcomas, and cancer stem cells. We have utilized structural and computational methods to refine the framework of humanized monoclonal antibody 3F8, the highest affinity anti-GD2 antibody in clinical development. Two constructs (V3 and V5) were designed to enhance stability and minimize potential immunogenicity. Construct V3 contained 12 point mutations and had higher thermal stability and comparable affinity and in vitro tumor cells killing as the parental hu3F8. Construct V5 had nine point mutations to minimize potential immunogenicity, but resulted in weaker thermal stability, weaker antigen binding, and reduced tumor killing potency. When construct V3 was combined with the single point mutation HC:G54I, the resulting V3-Ile construct had enhanced stability, antigen binding, and a nearly sixfold increase in tumor cell killing. The resulting product is a lead candidate for clinical development for the treatment of GD2-positive tumors.
Pricing the competing risks of mortgage default and prepayment in stochastic metropolitan economies (1998)

Outlines previous research relevant to the risks involved in residential mortgages and suggests some reasons for the gap between theory and market practice. Develops a model which adds household income, ability to pay problems and mortgage underwriting constraints to the standard pricing models, using a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and the backward finite difference method to apply it to data on house prices, income and interest rates for 62 US metropolitan areas. Discusses the results which suggest that prepayment risk dominates default risk in all except very low growth housing markets. Adds that increasing loan‐to‐value levels decrease loan values in low growth markets, slightly increase them in high growth/low volatility markets (due to decline in prepayment risk), but have little impact on high growth/high volatility markets (because they are offset by changes in default and prepayment costs). Considers the practical implications of the findings, e.g. for portfolio managers.
Colour and Texture Based Gastrointestinal Tissue Discrimination (2006)

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy is a colour imaging technology that enables close examination of the interior of the entire small intestine. The Wireless Capsule Endoscope (WCE) operates for ∼ 8 hours and captures ∼ 40, 000 useful images. The images are viewed by a clinician as a video sequence, generally taking over an hour to analyse. In this paper we present a method of automatically discriminating stomach and intestine tissue which can significantly speed-up one key part of the video analysis time, namely the process of locating the Pylorus- the valve between the stomach and the intestine. We divide the WCE image into 28 sub-regions and process only those regions where tissue is clearly visible. We create a feature vector using colour and texture information. The colour features are derived from Hue Saturation chromaticity histograms of the useful regions, compressed using a hybrid transform, incorporating the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The texture features are derived by Singular Value Decomposition of the same tissue regions. After training the Support Vector classifier, we apply a discriminator algorithm, which scans the video with an increasing step and builds up a classification result sequence. By minimizing the number of misclassifications within this sequence, we predict the most probable position of the Pylorus. We present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Computational method of inverse elastostatics for anisotropic hyperelastic solids (2006)

Abstract The paper presents a computational method for predicting the initial geometry of a finitely deforming anisotropic elastic body from a given deformed state. The method is imperative for a class of problem in stress analysis, particularly in biomechanical applications. While the basic idea has been established elsewhere Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1996; 136 :47–57; Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 1998; 43 : 821–838), the implementation in general anisotropic solids is not a trivial exercise, but comes after a systematic development of Eulerian representations of constitutive equations. In this paper, we discuss the general representation in the context of fibrous hyperelastic solids, and provide explicit stress functions for some commonly used soft tissue models including the Fung model and the Holzapfel model. A three‐field mixed formulation is introduced to enforce quasi‐incompressibility constraints. The practical utility of this method is demonstrated using an example of aneurysm stress analysis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The SonicFinder: An Interface That Uses Auditory Icons (1989)

The appropriate use of nonspeech sounds has the potential to add a great deal to the functionality of computer interfaces. Sound is a largely unexploited medium of output, even though it plays an integral role in our everyday encounters with the world, a role that is complementary to vision. Sound should be used in computers as it is in the world, where it conveys information about the nature of sound-producing events. Such a strategy leads to auditory icons, which are everyday sounds meant to convey information about computer events by analogy with everyday events. Auditory icons are an intuitively accessible way to use sound to provide multidimensional, organized information to users. These ideas are instantiated in the SonicFinder, which is an auditory interface I developed at Apple Computer, Inc. In this interface, information is conveyed using auditory icons as well as standard graphical feedback. I discuss how events are mapped to auditory icons in the SonicFinder, and illustrate how sound is used by describing a typical interaction with this interface. Two major gains are associated with using sound in this interface: an increase in direct engagement with the model world of the computer and an added flexibility for users in getting information about that world. These advantages seem to be due to the iconic nature of the mappings used between sound and the information it is to convey. I discuss sound effects and source metaphors as methods of extending auditory icons beyond the limitations implied by literal mappings, and I speculate on future directions for such interfaces.
Scalable Energy Efficient Location Aware Multicast Protocol for MANET (SEELAMP) (2010)

Multicast plays an important role in implementing the group communications in bandwidth scarce multihop mobile ad hoc networks. However, due to the dynamic topology of MANETs it is very difficult to build optimal multicast trees and maintaining group membership, making even more challenging to implement scalable and robust multicast in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). A scalable and energy efficient location aware multicast algorithm, called SEELAMP, for mobile ad hoc networks is presented in the paper that is based on creation of shared tree using the physical location of the nodes for the multicast sessions. It constructs a shared bi-directional multicast tree for its routing operations rather than a mesh, which helps in achieving more efficient multicast delivery. The algorithm uses the concept of small overlapped zones around each node for proactive topology maintenance with in the zone. Protocol depends on the location information obtained using a distributed location service, which effectively reduces the overheads for route searching and shared multicast tree maintenance. In this paper a new technique of local connectivity management is being proposed that attempts to improve the performance and reliability. It employs a preventive route reconfiguration to avoid the latency in case of link breakages and to prevent the network from splitting.
An Essential Role for Water in an Enzyme Reaction Mechanism:  The Crystal Structure of the Thymidylate Synthase Mutant E58Q<sup>,</sup> (1996)

A water-mediated hydrogen bond network coordinated by glutamate 60(58) appears to play an important role in the thymidylate synthase (TS) reaction mechanism. We have addressed the role of glutamate 60(58) in the TS reaction by cocrystalizing the Escherichia coli TS mutant E60(58)Q with dUMP and the cofactor analog CB3717 and have determined the X-ray crystal structure to 2.5 A resolution with a final R factor of 15.2% (Rfree = 24.0%). Using difference Fourier analysis, we analyzed directly the changes that occur between wild-type and mutant structures. The structure of the mutant enzyme suggests that E60(58) is not required to properly position the ligands in the active site and that the coordinated hydrogen bond network has been disrupted in the mutant, providing an atomic resolution explanation for the impairment of the TS reaction by the E60(58)Q mutant and confirming the proposal that E60(58) coordinates this conserved hydrogen bond network. The structure also provides insight into the role of specific waters in the active site which have been suggested to be important in the TS reaction. Finally, the structure shows a unique conformation for the cofactor analog, CB3717, which has implications for structure-based drug design and sheds light on the controversy surrounding the previously observed enzymatic nonidentity between the chemically identical monomers of the TS dimer.
Early Kick Detection Through Liquid Level Monitoring in the Wellbore (1998)

Abstract Through the years many tools have been developed to detect kicks in their early stages, when they can be handled more easily and safely. However, most of these tools are dependent upon the well being full of fluid with the liquid at the surface. When drilling wells where there are severe lost circulation problems (e.g., no returns to the surface) many of the major kick detection tools do not function properly since the liquid level may be hundreds or thousands of feet below the surface. During tripping operations, the major kick indicator is measurement of the volume of drilling fluid required to "fill" the hole to replace the volume of steel removed. If the annulus cannot be filled, again due severe losses to the open formation, measurement of the fluid pumped into the annulus does not give meaningful information as to formation fluid influx until the influx is great enough to begin to unload the annulus. This paper proposes the use of an acoustic device installed on the casing valve to continuously monitor the liquid level in the annulus of wells experiencing complete loss of returns. A rise in liquid level can be interpreted as an early indication of a kick during drilling or tripping operations. The liquid level can also be used to determine the correct volume of fluid to pump into the well while tripping out of the hole. This paper presents the results of tests run using common acoustic tools to monitor the liquid level in the wellbore of an Austin Chalk re-entry. Results of these tests show that the liquid level can be accurately monitored during complete lost returns so that kicks can be detected early during drilling or tripping operations. P. 889