gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on antioxidative substances in sesame seed. (1985)

Our previous study revealed the presence of some potent antioxidative components other than γ-tocopherol and sesamol in sesame seed and oil. In the present study, the effective components were extracted from mashed sesame seed with acetone, followed by removal of triglycerides by freezing. The acetone extract showed strong antioxidative activity with the thiocyanate method and gave 4 active antioxidative substances after a series of chromatographic separations. The molecular formulae were determined to be C20H20O6 (PI), C20H20O7 (P2), C20H18O7 (P3) and C10H10O4 (P4). Compounds PI and P4 were respectively identified as a bisepoxylignan analogue and trans-ferulic acid. Though preliminary structural data for P2 and P3 indicate them to be a sesamolin analogue and a sesamin analogue, respectively, work is currently underway to confirm this. The antioxidative activities were in the order of P3 > P2 > P1 > P4. The same components were also obtained from the 80% ethanol extractable polar fraction of the sesame oil cake treated with β-glucosidase, which suggested the presence of the active substances also as their glycosides in sesame seed.
The Integration of In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N Multiple-Quantum-Well Laser Diodes with Copper Substrates by Laser Lift-Off (2000)

Indium-gallium nitride (InGaN) multiple-quantum-well ridge-waveguide laser diodes (LDs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates were successfully transferred onto Cu substrates using a laser lift-off (LLO) process. Characterization of the InGaN LDs before and after the sapphire substrate removal revealed no measurable degradation in device performance. The threshold current, under pulsed operation, for a 3 µm ridge-waveguide device and the laser-emission spectrum remained essentially unchanged after the LLO process. In addition, the conductive Cu substrate permitted realization of LDs with vertical-current injection using the Cu as the backside contact.
Synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole nucleosides <i>via</i> the acid‐catalyzed fusion procedure (1972)

Abstract The acid‐catalyzed fusion of methyl 1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylate, 4‐cyano‐1,2,3‐triazole, and 4‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole with an acylated ribofuranose provided the corresponding 2‐β‐D‐ribo‐furanosyl‐4‐substituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles along with the isomeric 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐4‐substituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles. The structures of these nucleosides were assigned on the basis of their nmr spectra. The synthesis of 2‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxamide from both the corresponding methyl ester and cyano nucleosides is described. The cyano nucleosides were utilized to prepare 2‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐thiocarboxaḿide and 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐thiocarboxamide. Reduction of the 4‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole nucleosides provided 4‐amino‐2‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,3‐triazole and the isomeric 4‐amino‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,3‐triazole. The acid‐catalyzed fusion procedure with 1,2,3‐triazole afforded 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,3‐triazole and 2‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,3‐triazole.
An achievement of over 12 percent efficiency in an organic dye-sensitized solar cell (2014)

Dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated by using a novel metal-free alkoxysilyl carbazole as a sensitizing dye and a Co(3+/2+)-complex redox electrolyte exhibited light-to-electric energy conversion efficiencies of over 12% with open-circuit photovoltages higher than 1 V by applying a hierarchical multi-capping treatment to the photoanode.
Unsupervised Detection of Planetary Craters by a Marked Point Process (2011)

With the launch of several planetary missions in the last decade, a large amount of planetary images is being acquired. Preferably, automatic and robust processing techniques need to be used for data analysis because of the huge amount of the acquired data. Here, the aim is to achieve a robust and general methodology for crater detection. A novel technique based on a marked point process is proposed. First, the contours in the image are extracted. The object boundaries are modeled as a configuration of an unknown number of random ellipses, i.e., the contour image is considered as a realization of a marked point process. Then, an energy function is defined, containing both an a priori energy and a likelihood term. The global minimum of this function is estimated by using reversible jump Monte-Carlo Markov chain dynamics and a simulated annealing scheme. The main idea behind marked point processes is to model objects within a stochastic framework: Marked point processes represent a very promising current approach in the stochastic image modeling and provide a powerful and methodologically rigorous framework to efficiently map and detect objects and structures in an image with an excellent robustness to noise. The proposed method for crater detection has several feasible applications. One such application area is image registration by matching the extracted features.
Hierarchical Structures: Ice‐Templated Scaffolds with Microridged Pores Direct DRG Neurite Growth (Adv. Funct. Mater. 23/2012) (2012)

Hierarchically structured scaffolds are generated by controlled freeze casting of an aqueous biopolymer solution. As reported by Ulrike G. K. Wegst and coworkers on page 4920, under specific freezing conditions, the scaffolds exhibit a highly regular and aligned lamellar architecture. These ridges run parallel to the pore axis and are seen to act as secondary guidance features to align the neuritis of dorsal root ganglia, which is imaged by fluorescent microscopy.
Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 for the management of major depression with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, multi-centre, pilot clinical study (2018)

<i>B. coagulans</i> MTCC 5856 showed robust efficacy for the treatment of patients experiencing IBS symptoms with major depressive disorder. The improvement in depression and IBS symptoms was statistically significant and clinically meaningful. These findings support <i>B. coagulans</i> MTCC 5856 as an important new treatment option for major depressive disorder in IBS patients.
Troglitazone in Combination With Sulfonylurea Restores Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (1998)

Patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea can be effectively managed with a combination of troglitazone and sulfonylurea that is safe, well tolerated, and represents a new approach to achieving the glycemic targets recommended by the American Diabetes Association.
Speech Denoising with Deep Feature Losses (2019)

We present an end-to-end deep learning approach to denoising speech signals by processing the raw waveform directly. Given input audio containing speech corrupted by an additive background signal, the system aims to produce a processed signal that contains only the speech content. Recent approaches have shown promising results using various deep network architectures. In this paper, we propose to train a fully-convolutional context aggregation network using a deep feature loss. That loss is based on comparing the internal feature activations in a different network, trained for acoustic environment detection and domestic audio tagging. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in objective speech quality metrics and in large-scale perceptual experiments with human listeners. It also outperforms an identical network trained using traditional regression losses. The advantage of the new approach is particularly pronounced for the hardest data with the most intrusive background noise, for which denoising is most needed and most challenging.
Acoustic chaos for enhanced detectability of cracks by sonic infrared imaging (2004)

The technique of sonic infrared imaging (SIR) consists of the excitation of an object with a short pulse of 15 to 40 kHz sound, in combination with IR imaging of the object’s surface temperature as a function of time. Sonic infrared imaging is effective for detecting surface and subsurface cracks. The recent discovery of acoustic chaos has provided a means of greatly enhancing the effectiveness of SIR. We describe the properties of chaotic sound in the context of SIR crack detection, and show examples of the enhancement of the detectability of cracks through the use of chaotic sound.
On the performance enhancement of adaptive signal averaging: A means for improving the sensitivity and rate of data acquisition in magnetic resonance and other analytical measurements (2012)

A few years back, our lab developed a signal averaging technique that greatly reduces the number of scans required to achieve a comparable signal-to-noise ratio to that of conventional signal averaging for continuous wave magnetic resonance measurements. We utilize an adaptive filter in a signal averaging scheme without any prior knowledge of the signal under observation. We termed this technique adaptive signal averaging (ASA). The technique was successful in reducing the noise variance by a factor of at least 10 in a single trace and is shown to converge in time by the same factor. ASA can also be useful in many other applications where signal averaging is utilized, such as medical imaging, electrocardiography, or electroencephalography. The purpose of this paper is to describe the advancements made to the technique, present a derivation of its performance enhancement, and illustrate the power of the technique through a set of simulations.
High-dimensional similarity joins (2002)

Many emerging data mining applications require a similarity join between points in a high-dimensional domain. We present a new algorithm that utilizes a new index structure, called the /spl epsiv/-kdB tree, for fast spatial similarity joins on high-dimensional points. This index structure reduces the number of neighboring leaf nodes that are considered for the join test, as well as the traversal cost of finding appropriate branches in the internal nodes. The storage cost for internal nodes is independent of the number of dimensions. Hence the proposed index structure scales to high-dimensional data. Empirical evaluation, using synthetic and real-life datasets, shows that similarity join using the /spl epsiv/-kdB tree is 2 to an order of magnitude faster than the R/sup +/ tree, with the performance gap increasing with the number of dimensions.
Cross-sectional Imaging of Block Copolymer Thin Films on Chemically Patterned Surfaces (2010)

We have developed a method of using Ar ion milling and SEM to visualize the cross section of blockcopolymer films that were 50 nm thick. Directed assembly of lamellae-forming PS-b-PMMA on one-to-one and two-to-one chemical patterns was studied by both experiment and molecular simulation. The density multiplied PMMA domains were distorted and the PS domains had a 'U-shaped' structure on the substrate.
Genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) mixed infections in India reveals a recent spread of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from a single ancestor for each of these viruses (1994)

DNA sequences encoding the surface envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) were amplified by PCR from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with serologically defined HIV-1/HIV-2 mixed infections from Bombay, India. HIV-1-specific PCR products were obtained in seven of seven randomly chosen doubly reactive cases, while HIV-2-specific sequences were detected in five of seven cases (71%). DNA sequence analysis showed that the HIV-1 gp120 coding sequences were closely related to each other (nucleotide sequence divergence of between 3.1 and 6.8%). Phylogenetic tree analysis placed the Indian strains within the C subtype of HIV-1, being most similar to sequences previously found in East and South Africa. The HIV-2 sequences were also closely related to each other, with an overall sequence divergence of between 5.6 and 10.5%. The low level of nucleotide divergence among Indian HIV-1 and HIV-2 sequences suggests a fairly recent introduction of each virus into this population from a single point of entry in each case. The HIV-2 sequences reported here represent the first analysis of Asian HIV-2 strains and confirm the serological pattern previously detected in India. These data show that a substantial spread of HIV-2, together with HIV-1, has appeared outside Africa in a population hitherto unexposed to HIV. These findings imply that further spread of HIV-2 worldwide is to be expected and have important implications for future vaccine and therapy development.
Efficacy and Toxicity of Peritumoral Delivery of Nanoconjugated Cisplatin in an In Vivo Murine Model of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2013)

Nanoconjugated HA-cisplatin significantly improves tumor efficacy with lower toxicity compared with standard cisplatin in locally advanced HNSCC in vivo, justifying additional translational studies.
Higher order nonlinear ultrasonic imaging (2001)

The processing of second harmonic echoes from both biological tissue and contrast agents has generated new diagnostic methods in medical ultrasound. The work presented here demonstrates the extraction of higher order nonlinearities. The underlying idea is to model the nonlinear wave propagation or reflection from a contrast bubble by a polynomial expansion of some basis waveform. When this model is excited by a number of transmit pulses which only differ in their amplitude and phase then the coefficients of this polynomial model can be extracted through least squares inversion. The coefficients correspond to the individual nonlinear components. An important feature of the method is the evaluation of nonlinear components whose spectra are folded back into the transmission band. All odd order nonlinearities can create such echo components. The reception of these components eliminates the high bandwidth requirements encountered in second harmonic imaging. Higher-order even harmonics may also be detected by taking advantage of the harmonic fold-back process. Folded frequency components will be centered around DC and at two times the transmit frequency (2 f0). This still requires a bandwidth sufficient to detect signals at 2 f0 but eliminates the reception at higher multiples of f0.
Laser optical disk position encoder with active heads (1991)

An angular position encoder that minimizes the effects of eccentricity and other misalignments between the disk and the read stations by employing heads with beam steering optics that actively track the disk in directions along the disk radius and normal to its surface is discussed. The device adapts features prevalent in optical disk technology to the application of angular position sensing.
Specificity of substrate analogue inhibitors of human urinary kallikrein. (1985)

A series of acetyl-peptidyl-amides containing the amino acid sequence around the Arg-Ser kallikrein cleavage site of bovine kininogen were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit both the kinin-releasing activity and the amidase activity of purified human urinary kallikrein. The substrate analogues were competitive inhibitors for human urinary kallikrein and the heptapeptides (P4-P3'), hexapeptides (P3-P3'), and pentapeptides (P2-P3') gave Ki values of 140, 64, and 18 microM respectively, while the tetrapeptides (P1-P3'), tripeptides (P1'-P3') and dipeptides (P2'-P3') had little or no inhibitory activity. The effective analogues had neither kinin-like nor kinin-blocking activity on the rat uterus either before or after exposure to human urinary kallikrein. The effective human urinary kallikrein inhibitors were further examined for their effect on other serine proteases, including human plasma kallikrein, plasmin, complement components (C1s, C1r), bovine coagulation factors (IIa, IXa, and Xa), elastase, and trypsin. These peptides showed little inhibition of the circulating serine proteases but yielded a Ki for the nonspecific protease trypsin in the microM range. These results should provide the basis for the development of highly specific tissue kallikrein inhibitors to aid in elucidating the in vivo role(s) of tissue kallikreins.
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 (SCA13) (2012)

We report a female patient of German descent with a molecular diagnosis of SCA13 who presented with a history of cerebellar ataxia and epilepsy. The underlying mutation R420H had been shown to cause a dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC3. Despite widespread KCNC3 expression in the central nervous system, the patient presented with a left mesiotemporal electroencephalogram focus and left hippocampal sclerosis. This is the first case, which reports an association between mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and spinocerebellar ataxia type 13. This demonstrates that epilepsy of structural-metabolic cause may be contingent upon genetically defined channelopathies.
<title>Axial and transverse displacement tolerances during excimer laser surgery for myopia</title> (1991)

This paper presents an analysis of the effects of axial and transverse displacement on the optical quality and accuracy of lenses created during excimer laser photoablation. Tolerance levels for axial positioning of the cornea prior to and during surgery are presented. The axial tolerance levels are dependent upon a number of parameters which include the intended dioptric correction and laser system cone angle. A collimation lens is introduced as a means of desensitizing the laser system to axial displacement. Transverse displacement tolerances during laser treatment are shown to depend upon the treatment diameter, dioptric correction and acceptable distortion level in the lens ablated into the anterior corneal stroma. A video and computer analysis of transverse motion during seven randomly selected excimer laser refractive surgeries is presented. Although transverse displacement exceeded the tolerance levels presented, it did not appear to affect the quality of correction in the eight patients analyzed.
An ELISA Technique for Quantification of Surfactant Apoprotein (SP)-C in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (2002)

Pulmonary surfactant apoprotein C (SP-C) is a small, unique peptide that contributes to the reduction of alveolar surface tension. Due to the extreme hydrophobic nature of this peptide it was hitherto not possible to quantify SP-C in biological samples by immunological techniques. Using a newly developed polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant human SP-C in rabbits, we now describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantitate SP-C in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Solid phase binding of the hydrophobic SP-C was achieved by transfer of the standard or BALF samples (diluted in 80% isopropanol, pH 3.5) to polystyrene microtiter plates. Sequential treatment with trifluoroethanol and methanol (2x) was employed to improve antigen presentation and to minimize the influence of phospholipids. With this assay, SP-C from human, rabbit, porcine, and bovine surfactant was detectable. No cross-reactivity of the antibody to human SP-A and monomeric and dimeric SP-B was encountered. Total serum proteins did not affect ELISA signals, as evident from spiking experiments. The detection limit of the ELISA ranged below 3 ng/ml, and intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 3.5% (n = 16) and 5.3% (n = 6), respectively. Serial dilutions of BALF showed good linearity, and excellent recovery rates were obtained upon spiking of human BALF. A mean value of 579.5 +/- 45.9 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) SP-C was found in BALF samples of human healthy volunteers (n = 22), corresponding to 26.61 +/- 1.91 microg SP-C/mg total phospholipids (PL). SP-C levels were significantly lower in BALF of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (286.9 +/- 19.8 ng/ml [p < 0.001]; 13.92 +/- 1.93 microg SP-C/mg PL [p < 0.001], n = 48). We conclude that SP-C may be quantified with high specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity in bronchoalveolar lavage samples by the presently described ELISA technique and that SP-C levels are significantly decreased in ARDS.
Simplified phonograph capable of selecting desired grooves on a record disk (1981)

First Page
Fluorescent-Antibody Measurement Of Cancer-Cell Urokinase (1993)

Combination of laboratory techniques provides measurements of amounts of urokinase in and between normal and cancer cells. Includes use of fluorescent antibodies specific against different forms of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, (uPA), fluorescence microscopy, quantitative analysis of images of sections of tumor tissue, and flow cytometry of different uPA's and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) found in suspended-tumor-cell preparations. Measurements provide statistical method for indicating or predicting metastatic potentials of some invasive tumors. Assessments of metastatic potentials based on such measurements used in determining appropriate follow-up procedures after surgical removal of tumors.
A novel projection for omni-directional video (2017)

Omnidirectional video coding typically involves mapping spherical image data onto a two-dimensional plane by means of a projection format. In this paper, we introduce and share results on a relatively new projection format called Rotated Sphere Projection (RSP). RSP uses two symmetric and perfectly continuous segments to represent sphere. It has a simple 3:2 aspect ratio, close proximity to sphere and a very simple mathematical representation that is same as Equirectangular Projection. Test results using JVET’s common testing conditions are also presented.
Technical note: Complementarity attacks and control vectors (1993)

A control vector is a data structure that specifies the nature and role of an associated cryptographic key. The control vector is checked by software and cryptographic hardware in order to limit the range of permissible operations to be undertaken with ciphertext produced with the key. The linking of the control vector and cryptographic key is such that attempts to modify, or substitute, control vectors will cause the subsequent processing to operate with a corrupted key, and hence ensure protection of data encrypted with the genuine key. A potential attack on the control vector approach is described in which the complement of the control vector is substituted. The manner in which such attacks are thwarted by the IBM implementation of control vectors is also described.
Extraction of the human cerebral ventricular system from MRI: inclusion of anatomical knowledge and clinical perspective (2004)

The human cerebral ventricular system is a complex structure that is essential for the well being and changes in which reflect disease. It is clinically imperative that the ventricular system be studied in details. For this reason computer assisted algorithms are essential to be developed. We have developed a novel (patent pending) and robust anatomical knowledge-driven algorithm for automatic extraction of the cerebral ventricular system from MRI. The algorithm is not only unique in its image processing aspect but also incorporates knowledge of neuroanatomy, radiological properties, and variability of the ventricular system. The ventricular system is divided into six 3D regions based on the anatomy and its variability. Within each ventricular region a 2D region of interest (ROI) is defined and is then further subdivided into sub-regions. Various strict conditions that detect and prevent leakage into the extra-ventricular space are specified for each sub-region based on anatomical knowledge. Each ROI is processed to calculate its local statistics, local intensity ranges of cerebrospinal fluid and grey and white matters, set a seed point within the ROI, grow region directionally in 3D, check anti-leakage conditions and correct growing if leakage occurs and connects all unconnected regions grown by relaxing growing conditions. The algorithm was tested qualitatively and quantitatively on normal and pathological MRI cases and worked well. In this paper we discuss in more detail inclusion of anatomical knowledge in the algorithm and usefulness of our approach from clinical perspective.