gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 32nm High-<inf>k</inf> metal gate SRAM with adaptive dynamic stability enhancement for low-voltage operation (2010)

A 3.4 Mb SRAM macro is developed with a built-in stability sensor for adaptive wordline under-drive (AWLUD) in 32 nm HK-MG CMOS technology. By tracking temperature, voltage and process variation of each die, the AWLUD is shown to lower VCCmin by 130 mV, increase yield by 9% at a target frequency, and is projected to reduce test time up to 40% by eliminating die-by-die WLUD programming.
Vector Control of Dual-Three-Phase Induction-Motor Drives Using Two Current Sensors (2006)

A rotor field-oriented control (RFOC) scheme, employing only two current sensors, is presented in this paper for a dual-three-phase induction-machine drive. The induction machine has two sets of stator three-phase windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The reduction of the current sensor count, which is possible due to the particular machine structure, does not affect significantly the performance of the vector-control scheme. Experimental results are presented for a 10-kW RFOC dual-three-phase induction-motor-drive prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solutions
Case History: Challenges Using Ultraviolet Light to Control Bacteria in Marcellus Completions (2011)

Abstract Covering nearly 60 million acres in New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and Kentucky, the Marcellus formation is a proven gas resource for years to come. The keys to unlocking the hydrocarbons trapped in this deep shale are horizontal drilling and high-volume water fracturing. Large amounts of water are needed to perform the completions and must be treated to control bacterial growth. Previously, the only method available was the use of chemical aids, which could represent a health hazard during operations in storage, addition, and recovery of returned fluids. The use of a new, environmentally acceptable process that has shown the ability to kill 99.9% of the bacteria in fracturing water is presented. Disinfection is accomplished on-the-fly while pumping downhole at normal job rates as required by design. Conditions for optimum kill are detailed, along with case histories from jobs that used the process. In addition, a solution is detailed for locations with substandard makeup water to accomplish high kill rates when pumping on-the-fly. The units used were truck-mounted to help ensure access to any locations that fracturing equipment could access.
Essential role of the family‐22 carbohydrate‐binding modules for β‐1,3‐1,4‐glucanase activity of <i>Clostridium stercorarium</i> Xyn10B (2004)

Clostridium stercorarium Xyn10B is a modular enzyme comprising two family-22 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), a family-10 catalytic module of glycoside hydrolases, a family-9 CBM, and two S-layer homologous modules consecutively from the N-terminus. To investigate the role of the family-22 CBMs, truncated proteins were constructed: a recombinant catalytic module polypeptide (rCD), a CBM polypeptide composed of two family-22 CBMs (rCBM) and a polypeptide composed of the family-22 CBMs and the catalytic module (rCBM-CD). We found that rCBM-CD was highly active toward beta-1,3-1,4-glucan; however, rCD was negligibly active toward the same substrate. The V(max)/K(m) value of rCBM-CD for beta-1,3-1,4-glucan was 7.8 times larger than that for oat-spelt xylan, indicating that rCBM-CD should be specified as a beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase rather than a xylanase despite the fact that family-10 catalytic modules are well-known xylanase modules. These results indicate that the family-22 CBMs in rCBM-CD are essential for hydrolysis of beta-1,3-1,4-glucan.
9-Hydroxycanthin-6-one, a β-Carboline Alkaloid from <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i>, Is the First Wnt Signal Inhibitor through Activation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β without Depending on Casein Kinase 1α (2015)

Wnt signaling regulates various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and embryo development. However, numerous diseases have been attributed to the aberrant transduction of Wnt signaling. We screened a plant extract library targeting TCF/β-catenin transcriptional modulating activity with a cell-based luciferase assay. Activity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of the E. longifolia root led to the isolation of 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one (1). Compound 1 exhibited TCF/β-catenin inhibitory activity. Compound 1 decreased the expression of Wnt signal target genes, mitf and zic2a, in zebrafish embryos. Treatment of SW480 cells with 1 decreased β-catenin and increased phosphorylated β-catenin (Ser 33, 37, Tyr 41) protein levels. The degradation of β-catenin by 1 was suppressed by GSK3β-siRNA, while compound 1 decreased β-catenin even in the presence of CK1α-siRNA. These results suggest that 1 inhibits Wnt signaling through the activation of GSK3β independent of CK1α.
Association of Lonafarnib Treatment vs No Treatment With Mortality Rate in Patients With Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (2018)

Among patients with HGPS, lonafarnib monotherapy, compared with no treatment, was associated with a lower mortality rate after 2.2 years of follow-up. Study interpretation is limited by its observational design.
Reducing the optimization problem for the efficient motion planning of kinematically redundant parallel robots (2013)

This paper presents an optimization procedure used to efficiently maximize the potentials of parallel manipulators with kinematic redundancy within real-time. The proposed approach consists of reducing the search space defined by the optimization problem beforehand, through minimizing the amount of optimization points necessary to induce the optimization problem. Furthermore, the computation time of the fitness function is reduced during run-time. Therefore, the relationship between the Cartesian path of the end-effector and the resulting optimization problem is studied and a procedure to minimize the given dependencies is presented. Exemplarily, a kinematically redundant 3(P)RRR parallel robot is considered to quantify the efficiency of the discussed procedure. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to outperform existing procedures by one to two orders of magnitude.
Spectral Reflectance Properties of French Fries (1996)

Spectral reflectance properties of three color groups of french fries were determined using a spectrophotometer. These three color groups were light, normal, and dark, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (at 95% confidence interval) based on average percent reflectance readings between color groups of french fries. Mahalanobis distances of average percent reflectance readings also showed correlations to discriminate significant differences between color groups. Ten additional features were derived from the combination of percent reflectance readings either at single wavelengths or over ranges of wavelengths. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the color group discrimination capability of each feature. Knowledge of these spectral reflectance properties aided in identifying suitable light sources and camera(s) for developing a color computer vision system for automatic color classification of french fries.
Sensing by proxy in buildings with agglomerative clustering of indoor temperature movements (2017)

As the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) develops, buildings are equipped with increasingly heterogeneous sensors to track building status as well as occupant activities. As users become more and more concerned with their privacy in buildings, explicit sensing techniques can lead to uncomfortableness and resistance from occupants. In this paper, we adapt a sensing by proxy paradigm that monitors building status and coarse occupant activities through agglomerative clustering of indoor temperature movements. Through extensive experimentation on 86 classrooms, offices and labs in a five-story school building in western Europe, we prove that indoor temperature movements can be leveraged to infer latent information about indoor environments, especially about rooms' relative physical locations and rough type of occupant activities. Our results evidence a cost-effective approach to extending commercial building control systems and gaining extra relevant intelligence from such systems.
Evaluation of Study and Patient Characteristics of Clinical Studies in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review (2015)

Optimal PPMS study methods involve appropriate patient selection, especially regarding the PPMS phenotype and progression rate. Functional composite endpoints might be more sensitive than single endpoints in capturing progression.
High Dimensional Statistical Inference and Random Matrices (2006)

Multivariate statistical analysis is concerned with observations on several variables which are thought to possess some degree of inter-dependence. Driven by problems in genetics and the social sciences, it first flowered in the earlier half of the last century. Subsequently, random matrix theory (RMT) developed, initially within physics, and more recently widely in mathematics. While some of the central objects of study in RMT are identical to those of multivariate statistics, statistical theory was slow to exploit the connection. However, with vast data collection ever more common, data sets now often have as many or more variables than the number of individuals observed. In such contexts, the techniques and results of RMT have much to offer multivariate statistics. The paper reviews some of the progress to date.
Analysis of Terpenes in Cannabis sativa L. Using GC/MS: Method Development, Validation, and Application (2019)

Terpenes are the major components of the essential oils present in various <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. varieties. These compounds are responsible for the distinctive aromas and flavors. Besides the quantification of the cannabinoids, determination of the terpenes in <i>C. sativa</i> strains could be of importance for the plant selection process. At the University of Mississippi, a GC-MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of terpenes in cannabis plant material, viz., <i>α</i>-pinene, <i>β</i>-pinene, <i>β-</i>myrcene, limonene, terpinolene, linalool, <i>α</i>-terpineol, <i>β</i>-caryophyllene, <i>α</i>-humulene, and caryophyllene oxide. The method was optimized and fully validated according to AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) guidelines against reference standards of selected terpenes. Samples were prepared by extraction of the plant material with ethyl acetate containing <i>n</i>-tridecane solution (100 µg/mL) as the internal standard. The concentration-response relationship for all analyzed terpenes using the developed method was linear with <i>r2</i> values > 0.99. The average recoveries for all terpenes in spiked indoor cultivated samples were between 95.0 - 105.7%, with the exception of terpinolene (67 - 70%). The measured repeatability and intermediate precisions (% relative standard deviation) in all varieties ranged from 0.32 to 8.47%. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for all targeted terpenes were determined to be 0.25 and 0.75 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method is highly selective, reliable, and accurate and has been applied to the simultaneous determination of these major terpenes in the <i>C. sativa</i> biomass produced by our facility at the University of Mississippi as well as in confiscated marijuana samples.
Emulsion copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene with redox system containing <i>tert</i>‐butylperbenzoate. I. Polymerization conditions and components (1994)

Abstract Emulsion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene with ammonium perfluorooctanoate, initiated by a redox system containing tert ‐butylperbenzoate (TBPB) was carried out. The effect of the components of the redox system Is (TBPB, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and CH 2 (OH)SO 2 Na.2H 2 O) on the polymerization rate ( R ) and molecular weight ( $\[ \bar M_n \] $ ) was studied. Among redox system components, Fe 2+ concentration exerts the most significant effect (by power of 0.54) on the polymerization rate. It was found that R ∝ [Is] 0.2–0.54 and M n ∝ [Is] 0.0–0.1 and polymerization reaction scheme was suggested for the action of the initiating system. The influence of the copolymerization conditions (pressure, temperature, stirring speed, and pH) is also discussed. The apparent activation energy of the reaction was found to be 46.0 kJ/mol. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hydrolysis of β‐galactosides using polymer‐entrapped lactase. A study towards producing lactose‐free milk (1973)

Abstract A yeast lactase, Maxilact, was immobilized in crosslinked polyacrylamide using a bead‐polymerization technique. The polymer beads obtained, containing the entrapped enzyme, were used for the preparation of lactose‐free milk. The binding yield of the enzyme and residual enzymic activity in the “enzyme beads” were studied as a function of the amounts of monomeric acrylamide and cysteine and bovine serum albumin present as protecting agents in the monomer‐enzyme solution prior to polymerization. A maximum of about 75% of the enzyme could be immobilized using a 20% (w/v) solution of acrylamide plus N, N′‐methylenebis‐acrylamide, whereas the highest activity quotient (bound to free) of about 60% was observed on using a 25% solution. The presence of cysteine increased the activity by up to 30% and that of serum albumin up to about 15%.
Clofazimine-Containing Regimen for the Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus Lung Disease (2017)

Patients with lung disease caused by <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i> (here <i>M. abscessus</i>) typically have poor treatment outcomes. Although clofazimine (CFZ) has been increasingly used in the treatment of <i>M. abscessus</i> lung disease in clinical practice, there are no reported data on its effectiveness for this disease. This study sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a CFZ-containing regimen for the treatment of <i>M. abscessus</i> lung disease. We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 42 patients with <i>M. abscessus</i> lung disease who were treated with CFZ-containing regimens between November 2013 and January 2015. CFZ was administered in combination with other antibiotics as an initial antibiotic regimen in 15 (36%) patients (initial treatment group), and it was added to an existing antibiotic regimen for refractory <i>M. abscessus</i> lung disease in 27 (64%) patients (salvage treatment group). Overall, there was an 81% treatment response rate based on symptoms and a 31% response rate based on radiographic findings. Conversion to culture-negative sputum samples was achieved in 10 (24%) patients after CFZ-containing antibiotic treatment, and during treatment, there were significant decreases in the positivity of semiquantitative sputum cultures for acid-fast bacilli in both the initial (<i>P</i> = 0.018) and salvage (<i>P</i> = 0.001) treatment groups. Our study suggests that CFZ-containing regimens may improve treatment outcomes in patients with <i>M. abscessus</i> lung disease and that a prospective evaluation of CFZ in <i>M. abscessus</i> lung disease is warranted.
Follow-up Studies in the Posterior Fossa in Children using Computerized Tomography (1981)

Tumours in the posterior fossa in children only present minor problems in diagnosis since the introduction of the computerized tomogram, but in postoperative follow-up studies it is rather difficult to distinguish between the various findings in the posterior fossa. This holds true especially for medulloblastomas and ependymomas. Operative changes in the anatomical structures, metal-clips, scar-like changes, post-radiation sclerosis and other findings are reasons why it is almost impossible to diagnose early recurrence of these tumours. In order to obtain more information after operation, CT findings were studied in 36 children with tumours in the posterior fossa. The findings are summarized and discussed.
Draft Genome Sequence of “ <i>Candidatus</i> Methanomethylophilus” sp. 1R26, Enriched from Bovine Rumen, a Methanogenic Archaeon Belonging to the <i>Methanomassiliicoccales</i> Order (2016)

Here, we present the draft genome of "Candidatus Methanomethylophilus" sp. 1R26, a member of the newly described Methanomassiliicoccales order of Euryarcheaota. The enrichment culture was established from bovine rumen contents and produced methane from trimethylamine and methanol. The draft genome contains genes for methanogenesis from methylated compounds.
Effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on reproductive system (2021)

Since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019, it has rapidly spread across many countries and it has become a crucial global health concern. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection not only effect on respiratory system, but on reproductive system of human. However, there has been not any review described the transmission paths and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human reproductive system, systematically. In order to describe the transmission paths of SARS-CoV-2, effect on the male/female reproductive system of SARS-CoV-2 and some successful prevention measures. We would like to review effect of SARS-CoV-2 on reproductive system. To conclude, SARS-CoV-2 infection might damage to male reproductive system via ACE2 receptor mediating and male patients were reportedly slightly more affected than women by SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Mapping Protein Surface Accessibility via an Electron Transfer Dissociation Selectively Cleavable Hydrazone Probe (2012)

A protein's surface influences its role in protein-protein interactions and protein-ligand binding. Mass spectrometry can be used to give low resolution structural information about protein surfaces and conformations when used in combination with derivatization methods that target surface accessible amino acid residues. However, pinpointing the resulting modified peptides upon enzymatic digestion of the surface-modified protein is challenging because of the complexity of the peptide mixture and low abundance of modified peptides. Here a novel hydrazone reagent (NN) is presented that allows facile identification of all modified surface residues through a preferential cleavage upon activation by electron transfer dissociation coupled with a collision activation scan to pinpoint the modified residue in the peptide sequence. Using this approach, the correlation between percent reactivity and surface accessibility is demonstrated for two biologically active proteins, wheat eIF4E and PARP-1 Domain C.
Networked object oriented verification with C++ and Verilog (2002)

Verilog is a good language for modeling hardware, but it lacks a rich set of data structures that a verification engineer requires for verifying complex ASICs and systems. C++ provides a rich set of data structures but lacks support for modeling hardware. This paper discusses a tool which brings together these two languages, so hardware designers can model their hardware in Verilog and verification engineers can write their tests and test environments in C++.
B<scp>iocompatibility of</scp> D<scp>ental</scp> C<scp>asting</scp> A<scp>lloys</scp> (2002)

Most cast dental restorations are made from alloys or commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Many orthodontic appliances are also fabricated from metallic materials. It has been documented in vitro and in vivo that metallic dental devices release metal ions, mainly due to corrosion. Those metallic components may be locally and systemically distributed and could play a role in the etiology of oral and systemic pathological conditions. The quality and quantity of the released cations depend upon the type of alloy and various corrosion parameters. No general correlation has been observed between alloy nobility and corrosion. However, it has been documented that some Ni-based alloys, such as beryllium-containing Ni alloys, exhibit increased corrosion, specifically at low pH. Further, microparticles are abraded from metallic restorations due to wear. In sufficient quantities, released metal ions-particularly Cu, Ni, Be, and abraded microparticles-can also induce inflammation of the adjacent periodontal tissues and the oral mucosa. While there is also some in vitro evidence that the immune response can be altered by various metal ions, the role of these ions in oral inflammatory diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis is unknown. Allergic reactions due to metallic dental restorations have been documented. Ni has especially been identified as being highly allergenic. Interestingly, from 34% to 65.5% of the patients who are allergic to Ni are also allergic to Pd. Further, Pd allergy always occurrs with Ni sensitivity. In contrast, no study has been published which supports the hypothesis that dental metallic materials are mutagenic/genotoxic or might be a carcinogenic hazard to man. Taken together, very contradictory data have been documented regarding the local and systemic effects of dental casting alloys and metallic ions released from them. Therefore, it is of critical importance to elucidate the release of cations from metallic dental restorations in the oral environment and to determine the biological interactions of released metal components with oral and systemic tissues.
Design of zoom homogenizer to control size of illumination field (2018)

We proposed a zoom homogenizer that can control the size of the illumination field by adding one lens array to the conventional imaging-type beam homogenizer. An equivalent lens system was used to derive the imaging condition and size of the illumination field. The result of the ray-tracing simulation shows the validity of the zoom homogenizer to generate the uniform and sharp-edged beam. We presented the strengths and weaknesses of the zoom homogenizer in terms of its etendue with the maximum acceptance angle of the system.
Data Analytics and Machine Learning for Smart Process Manufacturing: Recent Advances and Perspectives in the Big Data Era (2019)

Safe, efficient, and sustainable operations and control are primary objectives in industrial manufacturing processes. State-of-the-art technologies heavily rely on human intervention, thereby showing apparent limitations in practice. The burgeoning era of big data is influencing the process industries tremendously, providing unprecedented opportunities to achieve smart manufacturing. This kind of manufacturing requires machines to not only be capable of relieving humans from intensive physical work, but also be effective in taking on intellectual labor and even producing innovations on their own. To attain this goal, data analytics and machine learning are indispensable. In this paper, we review recent advances in data analytics and machine learning applied to the monitoring, control, and optimization of industrial processes, paying particular attention to the interpretability and functionality of machine learning models. By analyzing the gap between practical requirements and the current research status, promising future research directions are identified. Keywords: Big data, Machine learning, Smart manufacturing, Process systems engineering