gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Interband Cascade Laser (2020)

We review the history, development, design principles, experimental operating characteristics, and specialized architectures of interband cascade lasers for the mid-wave infrared spectral region. We discuss the present understanding of the mechanisms limiting the ICL performance and provide a perspective on the potential for future improvements. Such device properties as the threshold current and power densities, continuous-wave output power, and wall-plug efficiency are compared with those of the quantum cascade laser. Newer device classes such as ICL frequency combs, interband cascade vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, interband cascade LEDs, interband cascade detectors, and integrated ICLs are reviewed for the first time.
Upper-Extremity Prostheses: A Renewed Approach (2009)

Upper-extremity (UE) prostheses are increasingly more functional and proportionately more costly, rendering them largely unattainable for impoverished amputees in the United States (US) and abroad. Recognizing the increasing need for appropriate devices, PhysioNetics, LLC is developing a heavy-duty, transradial body-powered (BP) UE prosthesis which can be prescribed with minimal instruction. The design of the key components, the split-hook terminal device [TD] and universal adjustable interface is presented in this paper. The TD is primarily fabricated from plastics to eliminate galvanic corrosion in saltwater environments, weighs 5.4 oz (153 g) and uses inexpensive rubber bands to generate pinch force. Unique gripping contours provide versatile grasp and replicate five (5) prehension patterns while six (6) discrete force settings provide 2 – 17 lbf (8.9 – 76 N) of pinch. Three (3) universal interface sizes (small, medium, and large) accommodate most amputees and comfortably support axial loads up to 40 lbf (178 N). Estimated manufacturing cost for a complete unit is less than US$250. Field testers report lower but comparable comfort to their individually custom-fabricated interfaces, and are highly satisfied with fit and function of the prosthesis overall. Ongoing development includes reduction of manufacturing costs, increasing interface comfort and implementing task-specific variant designs.
Real-Time Speaker Tracking Using Particle Filter Sensor Fusion (2004)

Sensor fusion for object tracking has become an active research direction during the past few years. But how to do it in a robust and principled way is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a new fusion framework that combines both the bottom-up and top-down approaches to probabilistically fuse multiple sensing modalities. At the lower level, individual vision and audio trackers are designed to generate effective proposals for the fuser. At the higher level, the fuser performs reliable tracking by verifying hypotheses over multiple likelihood models from multiple cues. Unlike traditional fusion algorithms, the proposed framework is a closed-loop system where the fuser and trackers coordinate their tracking information. Furthermore, to handle nonstationary situations, the proposed framework evaluates the performance of the individual trackers and dynamically updates their object states. We present a real-time speaker tracking system based on the proposed framework by fusing object contour, color and sound source location. We report robust tracking results.
Dual-Luminophore-Doped Silica Nanoparticles for Multiplexed Signaling (2004)

We have synthesized dual-luminophore-doped silica nanoparticles for multiplexed signaling in bioanalysis. Two luminophores, Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)osmium(II)bis(hexafluorophosphate) (OsBpy) and Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II)hexahydrate (RuBpy), were simultaneously entrapped inside silica nanoparticles at precisely controlled ratios, with desirable sizes and required surface functionality. Single-wavelength excitation with dual emission endows the nanoparticles with optical encoding capability for rapid and high-throughput multiplexed detection. The nanoparticles can be prepared with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers, with specific ratios of luminescence intensities at two well-resolved wavelengths and with excellent reproducibility. These nanoparticles also possess unique properties of high signal amplification, excellent photostability, and easy surface bioconjugation for highly sensitive measurements when used as signaling markers. A simplified ligand binding system using avidin-biotin and an application extension to immunoassays have been explored, demonstrating the potential use of these easily obtainable bioconjugated nanoparticles for multiplexed signaling and bioassays.
Control of Friction at the Nanoscale (2003)

We propose a new algorithm to control frictional dynamics of a small array of particles towards preassigned values of the average sliding velocity. The control is based on the concepts of non-Lipschitzian dynamics and terminal attractor. Extensive numerical simulations illustrate the robustness, efficiency, and convenience of the algorithm.
Immunogenicity of Attenuated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Expressing HIV Type 1 Env and SIV Gag Proteins: Comparison of Intranasal and Intramuscular Vaccination Routes (2004)

An experimental AIDS vaccine based on attenuated, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV), when administered by a combination of parenteral and mucosal routes, has proven effective at preventing AIDS in a rhesus macaque model (Rose NF, et al.: Cell 2001;106:539-549). In an effort to determine the optimal route of vaccine administration we evaluated the ability of rVSV-based vaccine vectors expressing HIV-1 Env and SIV Gag proteins, when given either intramuscularly (i.m.) or intranasally (i.n.), to elicit antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, and to protect from a subsequent vaginal challenge with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV89.6P). Our results demonstrate that macaques vaccinated by the i.n. route developed significantly higher antigen-specific cellular immune responses as determined by MHC class I tetramer staining, IFN-gamma ELISPOT, and cytotoxic T cell assays. However, systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses did not vary significantly with the route of vaccine administration. Given the importance of cell-mediated immune responses in slowing AIDS progression, intranasal delivery of a VSV-based AIDS vaccine may be an optimal as well as practical route for vaccination and should be considered in design of clinical trials.
A 3&#x00D7;3.8Gb/s four-wire high speed I/O link based on CDMA-like crosstalk cancellation (2009)

A signaling technique realizing three differential links over four wires is proposed. The technique uses code division multiple access (CDMA) principles to cancel the crosstalk between the links. A 3times3.8 Gb/s, 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> BER, prototype IC built in 90 nm CMOS is described and measurement results are presented.
Engineered lentiviral vector targeting astrocytes <i>In vivo</i> (2008)

Astrocytes are involved in key physiological brain processes, such as glutamatergic transmission and energy metabolism, often altered in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeted gene expression in astrocytes is needed to assess the contribution of these cells to physiological processes and for the development of new therapeutic strategies. However, most of the viral vectors currently used for gene transfer in the central nervous system (CNS) are highly neurotropic. We used mokola pseudotyping to shift the tropism of lentiviral vectors toward astrocytes and a detargeting strategy with miRNA to eliminate residual expression in neuronal cells. In primary cultures, we showed that incorporating target sequences for the neuron-specific miR124 effectively abolished transgene expression in neurons post-transcriptionally. Targeted expression of the LacZ reporter gene in astrocytes was achieved in the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum of the adult mouse in vivo. As a proof-of-principle, this new lentiviral vector was used to either overexpress or downregulate (RNA interference) the glial glutamate transporter GLAST into striatal astrocytes in vivo. These vectors provide new opportunities for cell type-specific gene transfer in the CNS.
High electron density, atmospheric pressure air glow discharges (2003)

The pulsed electron heating effect has been studied on an atmospheric pressure air glow discharge. Application of a high voltage pulse causes a shift in the electron energy distribution function to higher energies. This causes a temporary increase of the ionization rate and consequently an increase of the electron density. The electron density after a 10 ns pulse application to a direct current glow discharge increased from its DC value of 2 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ to 2.8 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/. The average power density, required for sustaining the high pressure plasma with a given minimum electron density, was found to be lowered when the discharge was operated in a repetitive pulsed mode compared to a DC mode. For an atmospheric pressure air plasma, an average power density of 1.5 kw/cm/sup 3/ and 50 w/cm/sup 3/ is required for an average electron density of 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ and 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/, respectively. This value is less by a factor of three than that required to sustain a DC plasma with the same base electron density.
Regular Paper Constraint-Based Rule Mining in Large, Dense Databases (2000)

Constraint-based rule miners find all rules in a given data-set meeting user-specified constraints such as minimum support and confidence. We describe a new algorithm that directly exploits all user-specified constraints including minimum support, minimum confidence, and a new constraint that ensures every mined rule offers a predictive advantage over any of its simplifications. Our algorithm maintains efficiency even at low supports on data that is dense (e.g. relational tables). Previous approaches such as Apriori and its variants exploit only the minimum support constraint, and as a result are ineffective on dense data due to a combinatorial explosion of frequent itemsets.
The GlycoFilter: A Simple and Comprehensive Sample Preparation Platform for Proteomics, N-Glycomics and Glycosylation Site Assignment (2013)

Current strategies to study N-glycoproteins in complex samples are often discrete, focusing on either N-glycans or N-glycosites enriched by sugar-based techniques. In this study we report a simple and rapid sample preparation platform, the GlycoFilter, which allows a comprehensive characterization of N-glycans, N-glycosites, and proteins in a single workflow. Both PNGase F catalyzed de-N-glycosylation and trypsin digestions are accelerated by microwave irradiation and performed sequentially in a single spin filter. Both N-glycans and peptides (including de-N-glycosylated peptides) are separately collected by filtration. The condition to effectively collect complex and heterogeneous N-glycans was established on model glycoproteins, bovine ribonuclease B, bovine fetuin, and human serum IgG. With this platform, the N-glycome, N-glycoproteome and proteome of human urine and plasma were characterized. Overall, a total of 865 and 295 N-glycosites were identified from three pairs of urine and plasma samples, respectively. Many sites were defined unambiguously as partially occupied by the detection of their nonsugar-modified peptides (128 from urine and 61 from plasma), demonstrating that partial occupancy of N-glycosylation occurs frequently. Given the likely high prevalence and variability of partial occupancy, glycoprotein quantification based exclusively on deglycosylated peptides may lead to inaccurate quantification.
Development of a Low-Cost Catalyst for Hydrazine. (1969)

The effort, during this period, has been devoted to the improvement of the catalyst low temperature activity, to the improvement of catalyst pellet strength and surface area, and to the screening of potential non-noble metal catalyst materials.
Perforated semiconductor neutron detectors for battery operated portable modules (2007)

Perforated semiconductor diode detectors have been under development for several years at Kansas State University for a variety of neutron detection applications. The fundamental device configuration is a <i>pin</i> diode detector fabricated from high-purity float zone refined Si wafers. Perforations are etched into the diode surface with inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching (RIE) and backfilled with <sup>6</sup>LiF neutron reactive material. The perforation shapes and depths can be optimized to yield a flat response to neutrons over a wide variation of angles. The prototype devices delivered over 3.8% thermal neutron detection efficiency while operating on only 15 volts. The highest efficiency devices thus far have delivered over 12% thermal neutron detection efficiency. The miniature devices are 5.6 mm in diameter and require minimal power to operate, ranging from 3.3 volts to 15 volts, depending upon the amplifying electronics. The battery operated devices have been incorporated into compact modules with a digital readout. Further, the new modules have incorporated wireless readout technology and can be monitored remotely. The neutron detection modules can be used for neutron dosimetry and neutron monitoring. When coupled with high-density polyethylene, the detectors can be used to measure fission neutrons from spontaneous fission sources. Monto Carlo analysis indicates that the devices can be used in cargo containers as a passive search tool for spontaneous fission sources, such as <sup>240</sup>Pu. Measurements with a <sup>252</sup>Cf source are being conducted for verification.
A network-state management service (2014)

We present Statesman, a network-state management service that allows multiple network management applications to operate independently, while maintaining network-wide safety and performance invariants. Network state captures various aspects of the network such as which links are alive and how switches are forwarding traffic. Statesman uses three views of the network state. In observed state, it maintains an up-to-date view of the actual network state. Applications read this state and propose state changes based on their individual goals. Using a model of dependencies among state variables, Statesman merges these proposed states into a target state that is guaranteed to maintain the safety and performance invariants. It then updates the network to the target state. Statesman has been deployed in ten Microsoft Azure datacenters for several months, and three distinct applications have been built on it. We use the experience from this deployment to demonstrate how Statesman enables each application to meet its goals, while maintaining network-wide invariants.
Selective inhibition of herpes simplex virus by 5-amino-2,5-dideoxy-5-iodouridine (1975)

5-Amino-2,5-dideoxy-5-iodouridine, a nel thymidine analogue, is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication. In contrast to most other nucleoside analogues which possess antiviral activity, 5-amino-2,5-dideoxy-5-iodouridine exhibits little, if any, cellular toxicity. Preliminary evidence suggests that 5-amino-2,5-dideoxy-5-iodouridine selectively inhibits viral-specific DNA synthesis.
Dynamic test sequence compaction for sequential circuits (2002)

This work addresses two important issues in dynamic test sequence compaction for sequential circuits: (1) extension of partially specified test sequence to detect other faults, and (2) reduction in the number of secondary faults that have to be considered while extending partially specified test sequence. We present a sliding anchor frame technique to specify unspecified signal in a test sequence. Key features of the sliding anchor frame technique are: (1) test generator deterministically assigns logic values to unspecified signals rather then randomly specified signals as 0 or 1, and (2) every vector in the partially specified test sequence is considered as an anchor vector during the extension of the sequence. This effectively shows observation of fault effects at any vector in the sequence, which is essential for obtaining test sets of high quality. Experimental results on several sequential circuits show that the sliding anchor frame technique results in significant reductions in test set size end test application cycles.
<title>Advances in sapphire optical fiber sensors</title> (1993)

We describe the development and testing of two sapphire fiber sensor designs intended for use in high temperature environments. The first is a birefringence-balanced polarimetric sapphire fiber sensor. In this sensor, two single crystal sapphire rods, acting as the birefringence sensing element, are connected to each other in such a way that the slow axis of the first rod is aligned along with the fast axis of the second rod, and the fast axis of the first rod is along the slow axis of the second rod. This sensor has been demonstrated for measurement of temperature up to 1500 C. The second is a sapphire-fiber-based intrinsic interferometric sensor. In this sensor, a length of uncoated, unclad, structural-graded multimode sapphire fiber is fusion spliced to a singlemode silica fiber to form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The reflections from the silica-to-sapphire fiber splice and the free endface of the sapphire fiber give rise to the interfering fringe output. This sensor has been demonstrated for the measurement of temperature above 1510 C, and a resolution of 0.1 C has been obtained.
DOSE: Detecting user-driven operating states of electronic devices from a single sensing point (2015)

Electricity and appliance usage information can often reveal the nature of human activities in a home. For instance, sensing the use of vacuum cleaner, a microwave oven, and kitchen appliances can give insights into a person's current activities. Instead of putting a sensor on each appliance, our technique is based on the idea that appliance usage can be sensed by their manifestations in an environment's existing electrical infrastructure. Prior approaches using this technique could only detect an appliance's on-off states; that is, they only sense “what” is being used, but not “how” it is used. In this paper, we introduce DOSE, a significant advancement for inferring operating states of electronic devices from a single sensing point in a home. When an electronic device is in operation, it generates time-varying Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) based upon its operating states (e.g., vacuuming on a rug vs. hardwood floor). This EMI noise is coupled to the power line and can be picked up from a single sensing hardware attached to the wall outlet in a house. Unlike prior data-driven approaches, we employ domain knowledge of the device's circuitry for semi-supervised model training to avoid tedious labeling process. We evaluated DOSE in a residential house for 2 months and found that operating states for 16 appliances could be estimated with an average accuracy of 93.8%. These fine-grained electrical characteristics affords rich feature sets of electrical events and have the potential to support various applications such as in-home activity inference, energy disaggregation and device failure detection.
Balanced membrane micromachined loudspeaker for hearing instrument application (2001)

Different actuator principles are rated with respect to an application as a loudspeaker in a hearing instrument. Fundamental rules are presented that have to be considered when different actuation principles are compared. A loudspeaker design using the most promising actuator principle, namely the balanced change in reluctance principle, is presented and first results of the production of planar coils are discussed.
Increasing PRPG-based compression by delayed justification (2010)

Scan testing and scan compression have become key components for reducing test cost, and most high-compression schemes are based on linear, sequential compressors e.g., pseudo-random pattern generators (PRPG). We present a novel technique to increase PRPG-based compression by modifying test generation so that justification of certain decision nodes is delayed and merged with PRPG seed computation. Our method does not affect test coverage or diagnosis, requires no hardware support, and can be applied to any linear compression scheme. Results on industrial designs demonstrate consistent increase in compression.
Remote Atmospheric Lasing (2010)

Abstract : This paper considers a remote atmospheric lasing configuration which utilizes a combination of an ultrashort pulse laser to form a plasma filament (seed electrons) by tunneling ionization and a heater beam which thermalizes the seed electrons. The thermalized electrons collisionally excite the nitrogen molecules and induce lasing in the ultraviolet. The lasing gain is sufficiently high to reach saturation within the length of the plasma filament. A remotely generated ultraviolet source may have applications for standoff detection of biological and chemical agents.
Universal logic gates via liquid-electronic hybrid divider (2012)

We demonstrated two-input microdroplet-based universal logic gates using a liquid-electronic hybrid divider. All 16 Boolean logic functions have been realized by manipulating the applied voltages. The novel platform consists of a microfluidic chip with integrated microdroplet detectors and external electronic components. The microdroplet detectors act as the communication media for fluidic and electronic information exchange. The presence or absence of microdroplets at the detector translates into the binary signal 1 or 0. The embedded micro-mechanical pneumatically actuated valve (PAV), fabricated using the well-developed multilayer soft lithography technique, offers biocompatibility, flexibility and accuracy for the on-chip realization of different logic functions. The microfluidic chip can be scaled up to construct large-scale microfluidic logic computation. On the other hand, the microfluidic chip with a specific logic function can be applied to droplet-based chemical reactions for on-demand bio or chemical analysis. Our experimental results have presented an autonomously driven, precision-controlled microfluidic chip for chemical reactions based on the IF logic function.
Broadband, acoustically transparent, nonresonant PVDF hydrophone (1989)

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8.2: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Elevated‐Metal Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor with Self‐Aligned Source/Drain Regions (2019)

Driving of a large‐area, high‐resolution and high frame‐rate active‐matrix display demands proper control of the signal delay along a scan line, thus also the parasitic overlap capacitance between the source/drain (S/D) regions and the gate electrode of an address‐transistor. While such capacitance can be minimized by employing a transistor with the edges of the regions self‐aligned to those of the electrode, actual implementation is easier with a top‐gate rather than the more popularly deployed bottom‐gate architecture. Presently reported is the demonstration of a self‐aligned bottom‐gate indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide transistor. The extent of the overlap between the S/D and the bottom gate is determined by a thermal “activation” process, similar to how it is controlled in a conventional top‐gate, self‐aligned transistor.