gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An all-lag rotating-reference correlator and its efficient implementation (2002)

This paper proposes an all-lag correlator that employs a rotating reference code sequence. The proposed correlator has an advantage over the previously proposed all-lag correlator, which employs a fixed reference code, in that correlation peaks remain at the same output positions regardless of update from newly arrived data samples. Therefore, the correlation information can be more conveniently manipulated in certain applications, and the posterior signal processing requirement can be reduced. Low-complexity implementation of the correlator using a recursive form is also presented. The degree of implementation complexity is of the order N, the reference-code length.
A Nanoscale Memory and Transistor Using Backside Trapping (2004)

We report results on a new structure that provides a scalable memory cell and a scalable transistor simultaneously in the same structure. The operational distinction is achieved through a difference in the bias range. The device employs a modified silicon-on-insulator substrate where charge is stored in a defected region underneath a thin single-crystal silicon layer employed for the formation of the transistor channel. At low voltages (below 1.5 V), the device operates as a transistor making use of the front silicon interface (preferred form), or the back interface, or both. The memory operation is obtained by use of high voltages, which allow injection of charge into the defected region in a stack of insulating films underneath the thin silicon channel, as well as the removal of the charge. The transistors are scalable because of the thin silicon technology and the memories are highly scalable because they allow efficient coupling between the carriers and storage region. The structure provides for a very useful decoupling of the memory read and transistor operation from the memory electrical storage operation. The experimental operation of the devices is described.
An Audio Integrated Motorcycle Helmet (2010)

This paper presents an audio-integrated motorcycle helmet that provides music, voice communication, and noise reduction functions. The effects of degrading the music and speech signals by the motorcycle noise were studied Experimental setup with real ambience of a person riding a motorcycle, wearing a helmet with active noise control (ANC), and listening to audio under noisy conditions was built. The performance of the audio-integrated system in reducing noise and preserving the quality of audio signals was evaluated using computer simulations and real-time experiments with recorded motorcycle noise.
Interplay of nonlinearity and gain shaping in femtosecond fiber amplifiers (2006)

A study of chirped-pulse amplification in the presence of large nonlinear phase shifts (as large as approximately 12pi) and finite gain bandwidth is presented. Numerical simulations that include the effect of nonlinearity, group-velocity dispersion, higher-order dispersion, and finite gain bandwidth predict the spectral signature of the interplay of nonlinearity with gain shaping. Experimental results obtained for up to approximately 0.4 microJ pulse energies from a Yb fiber amplifier agree with the numerical calculations.
Improving index performance through prefetching (2001)

This paper proposes and evaluate Prefetching B+-Trees (pB+-Trees), which use prefetching to accelerate two important operations on B+-Tree indices: searches and range scans. To accelerate searches, pB+-Trees use prefetching to effectively create wider nodes than the natural data transfer size: e.g., eight vs. one cache lines or disk pages. These wider nodes reduce the height of the B+-Tree, thereby decreasing the number of expensive misses when going from parent to child without significantly increasing the cost of fetching a given node. Our results show that this technique speeds up search and update times by a factor of 1.21-1.5 for main-memory B+-Trees. In addition, it outperforms and is complementary to “Cache-Sensitive B+-Trees.” To accelerate range scans, pB+-Trees provide arrays of pointers to their leaf nodes. These allow the pB+-Tree to prefetch arbitrarily far ahead, even for nonclustered indices, thereby hiding the normally expensive cache misses associated with traversing the leaves within the range. Our results show that this technique yields over a sixfold speedup on range scans of 1000+ keys. Although our experimental evaluation focuses on main memory databases, the techniques that we propose are also applicable to hiding disk latency.
Studies on .BETA.-fructofuranosidase from Arthrobacter sp. K-1. Part I. Purification and some properties of .BETA.-fructofuranosidase I from Arthrobacter sp. K-1. (1990)

Arthrobacter sp. K-1, isolated from soil, produces β-fructofuranosidase. This enzyme preparation was separated into three fractions (I, II, and III) by butyl-Toyopearl 650 M column chromatography. The β-fructofuranosidase I was purified to homogeneity by disc-electrophoresis after consecutive column chromatographies. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 52, 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 51, 000 by gel filtration with Ultrogel Ac A 44, and an isoelectric point of 4.3. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.5-6.8 and at 55°C and stable up to 45°C at pH 6.5 for 30min of incubation, and from pH 5.5 to 10.0 at 40°C in 2hr of incubation. This enzyme hydrolyzed sucrose, erlose, raffinose, fructosylxyloside, neokestose, and stachyose at the relative velocities of 100, 75, 61, 59, 54, and 11, but hardly hydrolyzed 1-kestose and nystose (<0.02).
Reconstructing frequency‐magnitude statistics from detection limited microseismic data (2012)

ABSTRACT Microseismic monitoring, particularly the monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in gas‐ and oil‐bearing shales, has developed significantly over the last ten years. Early work focused on the location of microseismic events but more recently there have been attempts to extract more of the information afforded by this rich data source. In particular, the recovery of the frequency‐magnitude distribution, which is expected to follow a Gutenberg‐Richter distribution, may provide insights into the prevailing effective stress regime in the vicinity of the events. This stress regime varies with distance from the hydraulic fracturing: at the propagating fracture one expects conditions for tensile or shear failure, away from the fracture one may broadly expect microseismicity associated with pre‐existing weakness in the rock, occurring at effective stress conditions close to the conditions existing prior to the treatment. All geophysical experiments are detection limited and the microseismic monitoring case does not differ in this regard. In constructing a statistical indicator such as the distribution of moment magnitudes we would like the estimate to be robust and use as much of the data as possible. In analysing earthquake catalogues the predominant practise is to determine a magnitude of completeness denoting the detection limit of the catalogue. This approach defines a minimum magnitude above which all events are thought to have been reliably recorded. In effect, this imposes an artificial, conservative detection limit to replace the unknown detection limit of the catalogue. We present the case of an arbitrary detection limit and introduce an approach from astronomy that is particularly suited to the single‐well observing geometry most prevalent in hydraulic fracture monitoring. We calculate b‐values for a set of event magnitudes from the Barnett Shale formation, where multiple stimulation treatments were applied in a pair of wells (‘zipper frac’) followed by a four‐stage treatment in a third well and find significant variations in the b‐value between the pumped stages.
Effective Trend Detection within a Dynamic Search Context (2016)

In recent years, studies about trend detection in online social media streams have begun to emerge. Since not all users are likely to always be interested in the same set of trends, some of the research also focused on personalizing the trends by using some predefined personalized context.
CO 2 -laser polishing for reductoin of 351-nm surface damage initiation in fused silica (2002)

We have applied a carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) raster scanning laser polishing technique on two types of fused silica flat optics to determine the efficacy of CO<SUB>2</SUB>-laser polishing as a method to increase the 351-nm laser damage resistance of optic surfaces. R-on-1 damage test results show that the fluence for any given 355-nm damage probability is 10-15 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> higher (at 3 ns pulse length, scaled) for the CO<SUB>2</SUB>-laser polished samples. Poor quality and good quality surfaces respond to the treatment such that their surface damage resistance is brought to approximately the same level. Surface stress and the resultant effect on wavefront quality remain key technology issues that would need to be addressed for a robust deployment.
Clonal Insulinoma Cell Line That Stably Maintains Correct Glucose Responsiveness (1994)

A number of pancreatic beta-tumor cell (beta TC) lines have been derived from insulinomas arising in transgenic mice expressing the SV40 T antigen gene under control of the insulin promoter. Some of these lines secrete insulin in response to physiological glucose concentrations. However, this phenotype is unstable. After propagation in culture, these nonclonal lines become responsive to subphysiological glucose levels and/or manifest reduced insulin release. Here we report the use of soft-agar cloning to isolate single-cell clones from a beta TC line, which give rise to sublines that maintain correct glucose responsiveness and high insulin production and secretion for > 55 passages (over a year) in culture. One of these clonal lines, denoted beta TC6-F7, was characterized in detail. beta TC6-F7 cells expressed high glucokinase and low hexokinase activity, similarly to normal islets. In addition, they expressed mRNA for the GLUT2 glucose transporter isotype and no detectable GLUT1 mRNA, as is characteristic of normal beta-cells. These results demonstrate that transformed beta-cells can maintain a highly differentiated phenotype during prolonged propagation in culture, which has implications for the development of continuous beta-cell lines for transplantation therapy of diabetes.
“Paintable” 3D printed structures via a post-ATRP process with antimicrobial function for biomedical applications (2013)

3D printing technology is becoming a new attractive manufacturing approach in medical and biomedical fields. In this paper, 3D printed structures were "painted" with functional polymer brushes via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to achieve antimicrobial properties for biomedical applications. An ATRP initiator was added into 3D printing ink without affecting the optical and polymerization properties. After the 3D printing process using the functionalized ink, the surface readily binds with the Br terminated initiator for the following surface modification. Moreover, since the initiator exists in the bulk material and thus the entire printed structure, if needed, any damaged surface can be easily re-painted with a single step of the ATRP polymerization process. To demonstrate the technique, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA) was grafted onto the surface and the adhesion of bacteria was significantly reduced. In addition, the functionalized surface can also inhibit the growth of bacteria on the surface. Enabling new functions of the printed structures, the developed technique has significantly expanded the capability of 3D printing technology for biomedical applications.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection and Discrimination of the Soybean Rust Pathogens<i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i>and<i>P. meibomiae</i> (2002)

ABSTRACT Soybean rust occurs in Australia and many countries throughout Africa, Asia, and South America. The causal agents of soybean rust are two closely related fungi, Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae, which are differentiated based upon morphological characteristics of the telia. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region revealed greater than 99% nucleotide sequence similarity among isolates of either P. pachyrhizi or P. meibomiae, but only 80% sequence similarity between the two species. Utilizing differences within the ITS region, four sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed specifically for P. pachyrhizi and two sets for P. meibomiae. Classical and real-time fluorescent PCR assays were developed to identify and differentiate between P. pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae. Identification of P. pachyrhizi from infected soybean leaves using the real-time PCR assay will allow for more rapid diagnoses.
The solid-state ring laser gyro: current and future trends (2013)

We report our progress towards a high performance solid-state ring laser gyro using a diode-pumped Nd-YAG crystal as the gain medium. We then discuss the possibility of including in this device a highly dispersive medium, which could serve for testing the recent proposal by Shariar and coworkers of a fast-light ring laser gyro. This discussion is supported in particular by the recent results obtained at Laboratoire Aimé Cotton with electromagnetically induced transparency in metastable helium
Fast algorithms for online generation of profile association rules (2002)

The results discussed in this paper are relevant to a large database consisting of consumer profile information together with behavioral (transaction) patterns. We introduce the concept of profile association rules, which discusses the problem of relating consumer buying behavior to profile information. The problem of online mining of profile association rules in this large database is discussed. We show how to use multidimensional indexing structures in order to actually perform the mining. The use of multidimensional indexing structures to perform profile mining provides considerable advantages in terms of the ability to perform very generic range-based online queries.
Applications of Mesoporous Materials as Excipients for Innovative Drug Delivery and Formulation (2013)

Due to uniquely ordered nanoporous structure and high surface area as well as large pore volume, mesoporous materials have exhibited excellent performance in both controlled drug delivery with sustained release profiles and formulation of poorly aqueoussoluble drugs with enhanced bioavailability. Compared with other bulk excipients, mesoporous materials could achieve a higher loading of active ingredients and a tunable drug release profile, as the high surface density of surface hydroxyl groups offered versatility to be functionalized. With drug molecules stored in nano sized channels, the pore openings could be modified using functional polymers or nano-valves performing as stimuli-responsive release devices and the drug release could be triggered by environmental changes or other external effects. In particular, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have attracted much attention for application in functional target drug delivery to the cancer cell. The smart nano-vehicles for drug delivery have showed obvious improvements in the therapeutic efficacy for tumor suppression as compared with conventional sustained release systems, although further progress is still needed for eventual clinical applications. Alternatively, unmodified mesoporous silica also exhibited feasible application for direct formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance dissolution rate, solubility and thus increase the bioavailability after administration. In summary, mesoporous materials offer great versatility that can be used both for on-demand oral and local drug delivery, and scientists are making great efforts to design and fabricate innovative drug delivery systems based on mesoporous drug carriers.
Adenoviral/retroviral vector chimeras: a novel strategy to achieve high‐efficiency stable transduction in vivo (1997)

Gene therapy to correct defective genes requires efficient gene delivery and long-term gene expression. Realization of both goals with available vector systems has so far not been achieved. As a novel approach to solve this problem, we have developed a chimeric viral vector system that exploits favorable aspects of both adenoviral and retroviral vectors. In this schema, adenoviral vectors induce target cells to function as transient retroviral producer cells in vivo. The progeny retroviral vector particles can then effectively achieve stable transduction of neighboring cells. In this system, the nonintegrative adenoviral vector is rendered functionally integrative via the intermediate generation of an induced retroviral producer cell. Such chimeric vectors may now allow realization of the requisite goals for specific gene therapy applications.
Closed-form solution to directly design face waveforms for beampatterns using planar array (2015)

In multiple-input multiple-output radar systems, it is usually desirable to steer transmitted power in the region-of-interest. To do this, conventional methods optimize the waveform covariance matrix,R, for the desired beampattern, which is then used to generate actual transmitted waveforms. In this paper, we provide a low complexity closed-form solution to design covariance matrix for the given planar beampattern using the planar array, which is then used to derive a novel closedform algorithm to directly design the finite-alphabet constantenvelope waveforms. The proposed algorithm exploits the two-dimensional fast-Fourier-transform. The performance of our proposed algorithm is compared with the existing methods that are based on semi-definite quadratic programming with the advantage of a considerably reduced complexity.
Molecular characterization of a gene encoding a 72-kilodalton mosquito-toxic crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (1988)

A gene encoding a 72,357-dalton (Da) crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was isolated from a native 75-MDa plasmid by the use of a gene-specific oligonucleotide probe. Bacillus megaterium cells harboring the cloned gene (cryD) produced significant amounts of the 72-kDa protein (CryD), and the cells were highly toxic to mosquito larvae. In contrast, cryD-containing Escherichia coli cells did not produce detectable levels of the 72-kDa CryD protein. The sequence of the CryD protein, as deduced from the sequence of the cryD gene, was found to contain regions of homology with two previously described B. thuringiensis crystal proteins: a 73-kDa coleopteran-toxic protein and a 66-kDa lepidopteran- and dipteran-toxic protein of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. A second gene encoding the B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 28-kDa crystal protein was located approximately 1.5 kilobases upstream from and in the opposite orientation to the cryD gene.
High-power room-temperature continuous-wave mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (2012)

We demonstrate cw output powers >290 mW into a nearly diffraction-limited (M² ≈2.2) output beam from an interband cascade laser operating at λ = 3.6-3.7 μm at room temperature. The interband cascade laser was designed for nearly equal electron and hole populations in the active region with heavy electron-injector doping, and was processed into narrow ridges mounted epitaxial side down on a copper heat sink. A 15.7-μm-wide, 4-mm-long ridge with the back facet coated for high reflection (HR) and an anti-reflection-coated front facet produced 253 mW of cw output power at T = 25°C into a beam with M² ≈2.7. Furthermore, corrugating the sidewalls of the ridge leads to a 20% improvement in the brightness. A 15.7-μm-wide, 0.5-mm-long ridge with an HR-coated back facet and an uncoated front facet exhibited a maximum cw wall-plug efficiency of nearly 15% at room temperature.
The Totem single-ring ordering and membership protocol (1995)

Fault-tolerant distributed systems are becoming more important, but in existing systems, maintaining the consistency of replicated data is quite expensive. The Totem single-ring protocol supports consistent concurrent operations by placing a total order on broadcast messages. This total order is derived from the sequence number in a token that circulates around a logical ring imposed on a set of processors in a broadcast domain. The protocol handles reconfiguration of the system when processors fail and restart or when the network partitions and remerges. Extended virtual synchrony ensures that processors deliver messages and configuration changes to the application in a consistent, systemwide total order. An effective flow control mechanism enables the Totem single-ring protocol to achieve message-ordering rates significantly higher than the best prior total-ordering protocols.
Progress in integrated gyroscopes (2004)

Fully integrated gyroscopes have some unique advantages in low power, size, weight and cost. The progress in bringing an integrated gyroscope to mass production is described, together with some of the strategies employed to overcome difficulties with this class of device, in particular, the measures to produce shock and vibration immunity. A natural progression for future products is also outlined.
Modulatory features of the novel spider toxin μ‐TRTX‐Df1a isolated from the venom of the spider <i>Davus fasciatus</i> (2017)

μ-TRTX-Df1a shows potential as a new molecule for the development of drugs to treat pain disorders mediated by voltage-gated ion channels.
Experimental Investigation of Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Modified Asphalt Binders and Mixtures (2016)

This paper presents a comprehensive set of experiments on the mechanical and compaction properties of asphalt binders and mixtures modified by the graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The experiments involve three commercially available GNP materials with a relative low cost, which are suitable for large-scale industrial applications. This study shows that the addition of GNPs could effectively improve the mechanical properties of the asphalt binders and mixtures, such as flexural strength and fracture energy at low temperatures without compromising the properties at intermediate and high temperatures. Meanwhile, it is found that the GNPs could also significantly improve the compaction process of the asphalt mixtures by reducing the number of compaction (gyration) cycles for a target air void. This has significant implications on the construction cost and the durability of asphalt pavements. These observed improvements of mechanical and compaction properties make the GNP-modified asphalt binders and mixtures a new promising class of pavement materials for building more cost-effective and durable roads.
Electrolyte Additives for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (1993)

Electrochemical characteristics of a series of modified phosphoric acid electrolytes containing fluorinated carbon compounds and silicone fluids as additives are presented. When used in phosphoric acid fuel cells, the modified electrolytes improve the performance due to the enhanced oxygen reduction rate. Among useful additives we found potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate , potassium nonafluorobutanesulfonate , perfluorotributylamine, and polymethylsiloxanes . The wettability of the electrodes by the modified electrolytes also is discussed, as is fuel‐cell performance with the modified electrolytes. Specific conductivity measurements of some of the modified phosphoric acid electrolytes are reported. At a given temperature, the conductivity of the electrolyte decreases with an increasing amount of the additive; the conductivity of the electrolyte, remains at the same value as the conductivity of the pure phosphoric acid. At a given composition, the conductivity of any modified electrolyte increases with temperature. We conclude that the improved cell performance for modified electrolytes is not due to any increase in conductivity.