gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chemical Design and Synthesis of Linkers Used in Antibody Drug Conjugates (2018)

Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) use targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies to deliver potent cytototoxic payloads to their intended target. The linker encompasses a conjugating functionality suitable for attachment to the antibody, a spacer unit that typically incorporates a hydrophilic element and a trigger which releases the potent cytototoxic warhead. Understanding the conflicting requirements of ADC design, providing stability in systemic circulation but efficient payload release once the ADC reaches its intended target, is crucial to effective linker development. ADC linker design has been approached in a variety of different ways, with increasingly elegant solutions continuing to be reported as understanding of the intricate design complexities increases. This review focuses on the synthetic approaches used in ADC linkers, and the impact of linker design on antibody conjugation, ADC pharmacokinetics and payload release. Linker approaches utilized in commercial ADCs as well as ADCs currently in clinical, pre-clinical and early stage development are discussed.
A Study into the Effect of Mobile Device Configurations on Co-Located Collaboration using AR (2022)

The increasing availability of portable handheld mobile Augmented Reality technology is revolutionising the way digital information is embedded into the real world. As this data is embedded, it enables new forms of cross-device collaborative work. However, despite the widespread availability of handheld AR, little is known about the role that device configurations and size play on collaboration. This paper presents a study that examines how completing tasks using a simple mobile AR interface on different device sizes and configurations impacts key factors of collaboration such as collaboration strategy, behaviour, and efficacy. Our results show subtle differences between device size and configurations that have a direct influence on the way people approach tasks and interact with virtual models. We highlight key observations and strategies that people employ across different device sizes and configurations.
A Smartphone Application for Personal Assessments of Body Composition and Phenotyping (2016)

Personal assessments of body phenotype can enhance success in weight management but are limited by the lack of availability of practical methods. We describe a novel smart phone application of digital photography (DP) and determine its validity to estimate fat mass (FM). This approach utilizes the percent (%) occupancy of an individual lateral whole-body digital image and regions indicative of adipose accumulation associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic disease. We measured 117 healthy adults (63 females and 54 males aged 19 to 65 years) with DP and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and report here the development and validation of this application. Inter-observer variability of the determination of % occupancy was 0.02%. Predicted and reference FM values were significantly related in females (R² = 0.949, SEE = 2.83) and males (R² = 0.907, SEE = 2.71). Differences between predicted and measured FM values were small (0.02 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.96 and 0.07 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.96) for females and males, respectively. No significant bias was found; limits of agreement ranged from 5.6 to -5.4 kg for females and from 5.6 to -5.7 kg for males. These promising results indicate that DP is a practical and valid method for personal body composition assessments.
Can We Get a List of AWWA Standards–Approved Products and Equipment? (2006)

This month's question concerns product certification by AWWA. The article explains that this is a misunderstanding, that AWWA Standards don't include a certification or testing component. Standards aren't endorsements, and AWWA doesn't test, certify, endorse, or approve any product, service, or manufacturer. An AWWA Standard is a guide for product manufacturing; the use of AWWA Standards by manufacturers and utilities is voluntary. The article supplies further information on: the AWWA Sourcebook, a buyer's reference guide listing products and services and the companies that provide them to water utilities; NSF/ANSI certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives; and, the AWWA Standards Signature that, when applied by a company to their product, means that they support the use of AWWA Standards, and is not to be interpreted as certification of a company or a product.
Analysis of heat transfer in building thermal insulation (1980)

The measurement of the apparent thermal properties (i.e., conductivity, resistivity, and resistance) of insulation by the guarded hot-plate technique is mathematically simulated on a computer by assuming that coupled conductive and radiative heat transfer occurs in an absorbing and emitting single-phase gray medium. Calculations are performed for insulation extinction coefficients between 0.001 and 1000 ft-/sup 1/, thicknesses between 0.0208 and 1.0 ft, continuous-phase thermal conductivities between 0.1800 and 0.1980 Btu in./(h ft/sup 2/ /sup 0/F), hot-plate temperatures between 485 and 635/sup 0/R, and cold-plate temperatures between 435 and 585/sup 0/R. A three-region approximate solution to coupled conductive and radiative heat transfer in an infinite slab of absorbing and emitting gray material bounded by black surfaces is also developed and shown to agree to within +-0.5% of the numerical results for most cases. The approximate solution to the coupled problem and the exact solution to the uncoupled problem are used to establish the effect of test conditions (such as specimen thickness, plate emissivity, plate temperatures, and continuous-phase thermal conductivity) on the measured apparent thermal properties of an insulation specimen. Examples of the temperature profiles within the insulation and a table of representative thicknesses for guarded hot-plate test specimens (i.e., the minimum specimen thickness required for measurement of an apparent thermal resistivity that is within 2% of the value at infinite thickness) are also presented. A means to extrapolate thermal resistance data from thin to thick specimens is suggested by ths analysis. Predictions from the extrapolation are shown to be consistent with existing thermal resistance data on low-density mineral fiber building insulation batts.
Adaptive Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (Graph CNNs) are generalizations of classical CNNs to handle graph data such as molecular data, point could and social networks. Current filters in graph CNNs are built for fixed and shared graph structure. However, for most real data, the graph structures varies in both size and connectivity. The paper proposes a generalized and flexible graph CNN taking data of arbitrary graph structure as input. In that way a task-driven adaptive graph is learned for each graph data while training. To efficiently learn the graph, a distance metric learning is proposed. Extensive experiments on nine graph-structured datasets have demonstrated the superior performance improvement on both convergence speed and predictive accuracy.
[Isolation and identification of yibeinoside A]. (1990)

A new C-nor-D-homosteroidal alkaloid named Yibeinoside B was isolated from the bulb of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk by column chromatographic techniques. The structure has been determined based on spectral and chemical data.
Therapeutic role of vasopressin receptor antagonism in patients with liver cirrhosis (2003)

Vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone, is a peptide hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to changes in blood pressure and plasma osmolality. The main pathophysiological states associated with high plasma vasopressin concentrations are cirrhosis, cardiac failure and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. Pharmacological treatments for disorders of excess vasopressin secretion have been limited. However, oral bio-available selective and non-selective V(1) and V(2) receptor antagonists have recently become available for clinical use. Water retention in cirrhosis is a common problem, leading to ascites, peripheral oedema and hyponatraemia. Raised plasma vasopressin concentrations and decreased delivery of glomerular filtrate are believed to be the most important factors in the development of water retention. V(2) receptor antagonists are aquaretic agents that promote water excretion and improve hyponatraemia. Their potential role in cirrhosis has been examined in a number of recent studies that have shown increased free water clearance and serum sodium concentrations with few adverse effects. V(2) receptor antagonists represent a novel and promising new class of agent that may have major clinical utility in the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis.
Coaxial Nozzle-assisted 3D Printing with in-situ UV LED Curing for Microfluidic Connectors (2019)

Mechanical interface with external tubing is the technical barrier to microfluidic commercialization. This paper presents an alternative approach to fabricate microfluidic connectors based on coaxial nozzle-assisted 3D printing with in-situ UV LED curing. An assembled coaxial nozzle was designed to enable co-fluid extrusion. The inner fluid is water (as the sacrificial channel) and the outer fluid is the UV curable adhesive. With the assistance of UV LED fixed at the neighborhood, cured hollow cylindrical connectors can be vertically printed on the substrate with matching holes. In order to master the coaxial printing process, UV curing kinematics were characterized by a rheometer to predict the cross-linking state while co-flow behaviors were investigated to enable successful printing without collapse. The hollow cylindrical connector with an inner diameter at the order of 100 microns demonstrated its feasibility for microfluidic application.
Online Valve Monitoring Systems Used on Off-Shore Platforms in the North Sea (2002)

Monitoring the leakage and condition of Emergency Shutdown Valves (ESVs) on offshore oil and gas platforms is an essential part of maintaining the safety of personnel and protecting the environment. Failure of these valves to operate when they are needed also has an enormous economic impact. The ESVs are intended to isolate each section of the platform in the event of a line break or fire, preventing hydrocarbons from flowing into the affected section. This paper describes a unique approach to monitoring these valves for leakage while the systems are in operation.
Al0.48In0.52 As/Ga0.47In0.53 As/Al0.48In0.52As double-heterostructure lasers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy with lasing wavelength at 1.65 μm (1981)

The preparation and operation of lattice-matched Al0.48Ga0.52As/Ga0.47In0.52As/Al0.48In0 .52As double-heterostructure lasers lasing at 1.65 μm grown on InP substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy are described. The present result represents the first current injection semiconductor laser ever fabricated from the Al0.48In0.52As/Ga0.47In0.53As/Al0.48In0 .52As double heterostructure. Broad-area Fabry-Perot laser (0.15-μm-thick Ga0.47In0.53As active layer) with pulsed current threshold density as low as 3.3 kA/cm2 has been obtained at room temperature and operated at heat-sink temperatures as high as 115 °C studied. The threshold-current temperature dependence has a characteristic temperature T0 of 70 °C in the temperature range of 25°–115 °C.
MCAK associates with the tips of polymerizing microtubules (2005)

MCAK is a member of the kinesin-13 family of microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing kinesins. We show that the potent MT depolymerizer MCAK tracks (treadmills) with the tips of polymerizing MTs in living cells. Tip tracking of MCAK is inhibited by phosphorylation and is dependent on the extreme COOH-terminal tail of MCAK. Tip tracking is not essential for MCAK's MT-depolymerizing activity. We propose that tip tracking is a mechanism by which MCAK is preferentially localized to regions of the cell that modulate the plus ends of MTs.
Toll-like Receptors. I. Structure, Function and Their Ligands (2005)

The innate immune system senses invading microorganisms by a phylogenetically conserved family of proteins PRRs of which TLRs are ones of the most important. There are at least 10 different TLRs in humans and 11 in mice. They have in the course of evolution specialized for the recognition of conserved structures among microorganisms called PAMPs. Activation of TLRs results in induction of innate immunity mechanisms as well in development of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, thus bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
Effect of current density and perchloric acid concentration on the formation of lead anodes in sulphuric acid baths (1972)

Abstract At. appr. 1.66 volts and relatively low current densities PbO 2+ ions are able to diffuse through the pores of the lead dioxide layer being formed and may be oxidised directly to yield PbO 2 . In the presence of perchloric acid in the sulfate is formed in the pores of the lead dioxide layer at perchloric acid concentration exceeding 0.1 N. When formation adjuvants — which, on principle, are desirable — are used, certain concentrations must not be exceeded therefore. In addition, it is necessary to maintain the current density around 0.45 ma/cm 2 because only under such conditions the porosity of the lead dioxide layer is sufficient for the diffusion of Pb 2+ ions. The possibility of a direct oxidation of Pb 2+ ions. is shown in terms of the calculated current consumption in the different formation stages.
Empirical Analysis of Operation Iraqi Freedom Combat Mortality Using the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database for Applications to Tactical Medical Logistics Modeling and Simulation (2009)

Abstract : Reducing U.S. forces? battlefield mortality is a paramount concern. Methods to more accurately forecast medical needs, for example by tactical medical logistics modeling and simulation, are constantly being developed. The Naval Health Research Center's (NHRC) Tactical Medical Logistics (TML+) simulation tool continues to gain respect in the planning community. However, further testing and improvement is needed to confirm or strengthen its capabilities to deliver accurate and useful information to planners. The main objectives of this study were describe a data-mining research effort, and determine if a probability model could adequately describe the mortality events in a casualty's medical treatment flow as recorded in the NHRC Combat Trauma Registry (CTR) database. Confirming or updating expert medical doctor (MD) panel (2003) outcomes with a statistical analysis of empirical mortality results was an obvious research goal. Results indicate that using subject matter expert (SME) input to provide missing timing data is a legitimate way to strengthen biomedical science data records. Additionally, statistical analysis results showed a strong graphical agreement with results estimated by the 2003 MD SME panel, thus bolstering the efficacy of TML+ output.
From Speech Signals to Semantics — Tagging Performance at Acoustic, Phonetic and Word Levels (2018)

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is to decode the semantic information embedded in speech input. SLU decoding can be significantly degraded by mismatched acoustic/language models between training and testing of a decoder. In this paper we investigate the semantic tagging performance of bidirectional LSTM RNN (BLSTM-RNN) with input at acoustic, phonetic and word levels. It is tested on a crowdsourced, spoken dialog speech corpus spoken by non-native speakers in a job interview task. The tagging performance is shown to be improved successively from low-level, acoustic MFCC, midlevel, stochastic senone posteriorgram, to high-level, ASR recognized word string, with the corresponding tagging accuracies at 70.6%, 82.1% and 85.1%, respectively. With a score fusion of the three individual RNNs together, the accuracy can be further improved to 87.0%.
Enabling Web Services Policy Negotiation with Privacy preserved using XACML (2007)

In recent Web services research, there are increasing demands and discussions about negotiation technologies for different Web services applications. One of the important topics is the policy negotiation. As many business activities become automated, policy compliance negotiation between human agents can be a bottleneck. In this paper, we focus on the policy negotiation research issues in privacy policy. We adopt the extensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) as a policy description language and explore its potential in privacy policy negotiation. We first formalize the negotiation process in the context of Web services. Then, we illustrate the policy negotiation model by introducing a policy negotiation point (PNP) between the policy enforcement point (PEP) and policy decision point (PDP) in the XACML policy management architecture. We discuss different phases in a privacy policy negotiation and finally we illustrate how PNP can help on negotiating policies through an example scenario
Broad-Spectrum PPO-Inhibiting<i>N</i>-Phenoxyphenyluracil Acetal Ester Herbicides (2015)

Substituted N-aryluracils were first discovered in the late eighties at Hoffman-La Roche as an extremely active subclass of herbicidal protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors. Interest by Uniroyal followed but it was not until 2001 that uracil-based butafenacil was commercially introduced by Syngenta and saflufenacil by BASF in 2009. In the mid-nineties, unique 3-ring N-phenoxy-phenyl-triazolinones with an oxyproprionate side-chain on the diphenylether part of the molecule were reported by FMC to be very active protox-inhibiting herbicides. Structurally-related N-aryloxy-phenyl-uracils having an oxyacetate group on the diaryl ether were subsequently patented by Sumitomo. Here, we report on the synthesis and herbicidal activity of a series of acetal ester-substituted N-phenoxy-phenyl-uracils where we had interest as potential short-residual herbicides for postemergent-applied weed control (pre-plant) in row crops, especially for control of glyphosate and ALS resistant weeds.
Studies on s Triazinyl Aryl Alkyl Sulphones Part III (1977)

2- alpha-Glutarylamino-4-aryl/alkylamino-s-triazin-6-yl-p-chlorophenyl sulphones have been prepared and tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi. Phenol co-efficients of sulphones were determined. The haloanilino compounds have been found to possess high phenol co-efficient.
A novel linearity tester for optical detectors using high-brightness light emitting diodes (2005)

We present a linearity tester for optical detectors, which is based on the flux-addition method using two high-brightness light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. The tester is operated with a novel data-acquisition algorithm that determines the switching and data-reading sequence for eliminating the measurement error caused by a drift of the LED radiant flux. Linearity measurement with an uncertainty of as low as 10−4 in a dynamic range over six decades is experimentally demonstrated with simple setup, short measurement time and fully automated operation.
Identification and subcellular localization of proteins that are rapidly phosphorylated in tyrosine in response to colony-stimulating factor 1. (1988)

To investigate growth factor-mediated signal transduction, we have studied phosphorylation events that take place within seconds of the binding of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) to its cell-surface receptor. CSF-1 stimulated rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins in murine BAC1.2F5 macrophages at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C. The pattern of CSF-1-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of at least 15 different proteins at both temperatures was similar and unchanged by treatment of the lysate with reducing agent. With the exception of the 185-kDa CSF-1 receptor, a 260-kDa protein and a 133-kDa protein, the proteins were predominantly cytoplasmic. At 37 degrees C, all the proteins were phosphorylated within 30 sec of addition of growth factor. At 4 degrees C, CSF-1 receptor sites were saturated after 2 min of incubation in the presence of high concentrations of CSF-1 and differences in the order of appearance of phosphorylated proteins were observed: 185 kDa (CSF-1 receptor) (by 2 min); 99 kDa (by 4 min); 125 kDa (by 10 min); 61 kDa (by 30 min); and 260 kDa, 84 kDa, and 41 kDa (by 180 min). In addition to stimulating the phosphorylation of these proteins in tyrosine, CSF-1 caused dephosphorylation of phosphorylated serine residues on the receptor. As neither CSF-1 nor its receptor is internalized at 4 degrees C, analysis of these early reactions and the phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in intact cells under these conditions should lead to an understanding of the early events in growth factor receptor-mediated signal transduction.
Alignment of ReMMo with RBAC to manage access rights in the frame of enterprise architecture (2015)

Aligning the business operations with the appropriate IT infrastructure is a challenging and critical activity. Without efficient business/IT alignment, the companies face the risk not to be able to deliver their business services satisfactorily and that their image is seriously altered and jeopardized. Among the many challenges of business/IT alignment is the access rights management which should be conducted considering the rising governance needs, such as taking into account the business actors' responsibility. Unfortunately, in this domain, we have observed that no solution, model and method, fully considers and integrates the new needs yet. Therefore, the paper proposes firstly to define an expressive Responsibility metamodel, named ReMMo, which allows representing the existing responsibilities at the business layer and, thereby, allows engineering the access rights required to perform these responsibilities, at the application layer. Secondly, the Responsibility metamodel has been integrated with ArchiMate® to enhance its usability and benefits from the enterprise architecture formalism. Finally, a method has been proposed to define the access rights more accurately, considering the alignment of ReMMo and RBAC. The research was realized following a design science and action design based research method and the results have been evaluated through an extended proof of concept at the Hospital Center in Luxembourg.
A VLSI chip set for a multiprocessor workstation. II. A memory management unit and cache controller (1989)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.24, no.6, p.1688-98 (1989). The authors describe a memory management unit and a cache controller (MMU/CC) for a 40-70-MIPS multiprocessor workstation. The MMU/CC implements a novel memory management scheme, in-cache address translation, which does not require a translation lookaside buffer. It also implements a snooping bus protocol to maintain data consistency across all caches in the system. The chip is implemented in a 1.6- mu m double-layer-metal CMOS technology and is being used in a multiprocessor workstation (SPUR) successfully executing a UNIX-like network-based operating system called Sprite as well as many applications, including LISP programs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>