gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Photographic Image Intensification By Neutron Activation Of Gold Toned Negatives</title> (1980)

A gold-toning neutron-activation process has been developed at NRL for the purpose of intensifying or amplifying the contrast in extremely weak images in photographic negatives where the exposure level may be as low as 1.5% of optimum. Such contrast enhancement of photoreconnaissance and intelligence films allows the recovery of image information which may be taken under adverse lighting or obscured in the shadows and which might otherwise be lost by conventional methods using chemical/photographic or densitometer/computer techniques. The gold-toning neutron-activation process differs significantly from the usual nuclear methods of photographic image enhancement in two important ways: (a) A nonradiochemical toning solution is used to gold plate the image silver grains before activation. This procedure eliminates all hazards of handling radioactive solutions. (b) The neutron activation of the gold image is superior to either direct neutron activation of the silver image or radiochemical toning of the silver image both with regard to the efficiency of image activation and the speed and ease of producing autoradiographs. Recent results of the optimized gold-toning neutron-irradiation technique clearly demonstrated the recovery of image information which was not detectable by standard densitometer computer scans of the original film at the 1.5% exposure level. Such analog nuclear techniques can complement the power and flexibility of computer enhancement by significantly extending the lower limit of optical detection.
Combination of geometric and finite difference models for radio wave propagation in outdoor to indoor scenarios (2010)

In this paper, a new model used to compute the outdoor to indoor signal strength emitted by a base station is presented. This model is based on the combination of 2 existing models: IRLA (Intelligent Ray Launching), a 3D geometric-like model especially optimized for outdoor predictions, and MR-FDPF (Multi Resolution Frequency Domain ParFlow), a 2D FDTD-like model initially implemented for indoor propagation. The combination of these models implies the conversion of the ray launching signals on the border of the buildings, into virtual source flows that will be used as an input for the indoor model. The performance of the new combined model is evaluated via measurements, and it appears to be an efficient solution for radio network planning, both in term of accuracy and computational cost.
Hydrogen production by Tuning the Photonic Band Gap with the Electronic Band Gap of TiO2 (2013)

Tuning the photonic band gap (PBG) to the electronic band gap (EBG) of Au/TiO2 catalysts resulted in considerable enhancement of the photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen under direct sunlight. Au/TiO2 (PBG-357 nm) photocatalyst exhibited superior photocatalytic performance under both UV and sunlight compared to the Au/TiO2 (PBG-585 nm) photocatalyst and both are higher than Au/TiO2 without the 3 dimensionally ordered macro-porous structure materials. The very high photocatalytic activity is attributed to suppression of a fraction of electron-hole recombination route due to the co-incidence of the PBG with the EBG of TiO2 These materials that maintain their activity with very small amount of sacrificial agents (down to 0.5 vol.% of ethanol) are poised to find direct applications because of their high activity, low cost of the process, simplicity and stability.
Does lipidomic serum analysis support the assessment of digestive efficiency in chickens? (2018)

The increasing cost of conventional feedstuffs used in poultry diets has bolstered interest in genetic selection for digestive efficiency (DE) to improve the adaptation of the birds to various alternative feedstuffs. However, DE measurement through AMEn is time-consuming and constraining. To simplify selection for DE, the potential of serum composition to predict AMEn was evaluated based on 40 birds from two broiler lines (D+ and D-) divergently selected on the fecal AMEn of a difficult-to-digest wheat-based diet. Differences in serum coloration were suspected between the two lines, and thus a spectrophotometric analysis was carried out, revealing a significant difference in absorption between 430 nm and 516 nm, corresponding to the signature of orange-red lipophilic pigments such as xanthophylls. To go further, the liposoluble fraction of the serum was explored for its lipidome by mass spectrometry. Discriminant analysis revealed that a pattern of 10 metabolites, including zeaxanthin/lutein, can explain 82% of the lipidomic differences between the two lines. Colorimetry combined with lipidomics studies confirmed the relationship between digestive efficiency and serum composition, which opens up new possibilities for using it as a quick and easy proxy of digestive efficiency.
Whole fiber switched p-cycles (2009)

In the design of survivable optical networks, the cost and complexity of wavelength assignment and conversion and wavelength-selective switching is always a dominant consideration. And yet, while nodes and single DWDM channels may fail, a pre-dominant source of unavailability is physical damage to optical cables. Thus, we have considered: If it is ultimately glass that fails, what if we just replace the glass directly? More specifically, what if p-cycles were used to rapidly, simply and efficiently provide for the direct replacement of failed fiber sections with whole replacement fibers? As long as the loss budgets are adequate, entire DWDM wavebands could be restored with no switching or manipulation of individual lightpaths. Following a substitution transient, the DWDM layer would never know the break happened. In environments where fiber switching devices are low cost, and ducts are full of dark fiber, this could provide a very low cost alternative to protect an entire DWDM transport layer (or working capacity envelope) against the single largest cause of outage. Here, we make a first proposal of considering this approach. A main motivation is to remove the complexity due to wavelength assignment and wavelength continuity constraints when configuring p-cycles in a fully transparent network context. Another objective is the overall real CAPEX and OPEX cost reductions.
Host Plant Kairomonal Effects on Heliothis Mate-Finding Behavior (1993)

We investigated the possible attraction of species of Helicoverpa and Heliothis to host plant odors and to male pheromone as a prelude to a larger investigation of host chemical effects on moth sexual and reproductive behavior. Both sexes of H. armigera and H. peltigera were attracted to particular host plants or host plant extracts. Heliothis virescens was also found to be attracted to a flowering shrub it may use as a nectar source. Unmated females of H. armigera and H. peltigera were attracted to live males and to a male pheromone extract prepared from exposed filter papers in cages of males. Some attraction of unmated female H. zea to males was also evident, but at much lower response rate.
Compressive Domain Interference Cancellation (2009)

Abstract—In this paper we consider the scenario where a compressive sensing system acquires a signal of interest corrupted by an interfering signal. Under mild sparsity and orthogonality conditions on the signal and interference, we demonstrate that it is possible to efficiently filter out the interference from the compressive measurements in a manner that preserves our ability to recover the signal of interest. Specifically, we develop a filtering method that nulls out the interference while maintaining the restricted isometry property (RIP) on the set of potential signals of interest. The construction operates completely in the compressive domain and has computational complexity that is polynomial in the number of measurements.
Low Temperature Sintering and Piezoelectric Properties in Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–Pb(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–Pb(Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics (2005)

High-power ceramics of the composition 0.8Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 –0.2Pb[(Zn 0.8 Ni 0.2 ) 1/3 Nb 2/3 ]O 3 (0.8PZT–0.2PZNN) + 0.5 wt% MnO 2 have excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties such as d 33 =320 pC/N, ε 33 T / ε o =1227, k p =0.54, and Q m =1265. However, the sintering temperature of this composition is high, approximately 1200°C, restricting the use of cheap base metal electrodes in the fabrication of multilayer components. In this study, we provide a solution to this problem and report a low sintering temperature high-power composition in a PZT–PZNN system. CuO and Al 2 O 3 were selected as sintering agents. It was found that the addition of CuO can reduce the sintering temperature to 920°C, but it can also significantly reduce the piezoelectric properties. The reduction of Q m magnitude was 81% when 0.5 wt% CuO was added. The addition of Al 2 O 3 as a sintering agent was found to improve Q m magnitude but significant reductions in piezoelectric and dielectric properties were observed. The addition of excess ZnO and NiO was found to improve the density and piezoelectric properties, but it was also found to reduce Q m magnitude. Consequently, the optimization of the concentration of the sintering agents was carried out, and the optimized low sintering temperature high-power composition was found to be 0.875Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 –0.125Pb[(Zn 0.8 Ni 0.2 ) 1.5/3 Nb 2/3 ]O 3 + 0.5 wt% MnO 2 + 0.2 wt% CuO + 0.3 wt% Al 2 O 3 . The piezoelectric properties of the specimens of this composition sintered at 920°C were found to be k p =0.581, Q m =809, d 33 =345 pC/N, ε 3 T / ε o =1345, and T c =330°C.
Ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography for small-animal whole-body imaging (2012)

We developed a new photoacoustic tomography system for small-animal whole-body imaging. With the novel design of ring-shaped light delivery and full-ring ultrasonic array detection, the system can generate a cross-sectional image in 1.6 seconds.
Differential Modulation of prM Cleavage, Extracellular Particle Distribution, and Virus Infectivity by Conserved Residues at Nonfurin Consensus Positions of the Dengue Virus pr-M Junction (2008)

In the generation of flavivirus particles, an internal cleavage of the envelope glycoprotein prM by furin is required for the acquisition of infectivity. Unlike cleavage of the prM of other flaviviruses, cleavage of dengue virus prM is incomplete in many cell lines; the partial cleavage reflects the influence of residues at furin nonconsensus positions of the pr-M junction, as flaviviruses share basic residues at positions P1, P2, and P4, recognized by furin. In this study, viruses harboring the alanine-scanning and other multiple-point mutations of the pr-M junction were generated, employing a dengue virus background that exhibited 60 to 70% prM cleavage and a preponderance of virion-sized extracellular particles. Analysis of prM and its cleavage products in viable mutants revealed a cleavage-suppressive effect at the conserved P3 Glu residue, as well as the cleavage-augmenting effects at the P5 Arg and P6 His residues, indicating an interplay between opposing modulatory influences mediated by these residues on the cleavage of the pr-M junction. Changes in the prM cleavage level were associated with altered proportions of extracellular virions and subviral particles; mutants with reduced cleavage were enriched with subviral particles and prM-containing virions, whereas the mutant with enhanced cleavage was deprived of these particles. Alterations of virus multiplication were detected in mutants with reduced prM cleavage and were correlated with their low specific infectivities. These findings define the functional roles of charged residues located adjacent to the furin consensus sequence in the cleavage of dengue virus prM and provide plausible mechanisms by which the reduction in the pr-M junction cleavability may affect virus replication.
High-Performance QR Decomposition for FPGAs (2018)

QR decomposition (QRD) is of increasing importance for many current applications, such as wireless and radar. Data dependencies in known algorithms and approaches, combined with the data access patterns used in many of these methods, restrict the achievable performance in software programmable targets. Some FPGA architectures now incorporate hard floating-point (HFP) resources, and in combination with distributed memories, as well as the flexibility of internal connectivity, can support high-performance matrix arithmetic. In this work, we present the mapping to parallel structures with inter-vector connectivity of a new QRD algorithm. Based on a Modified Gram-Schmidt (MGS) algorithm, this new algorithm has a different loop organization, but the dependent functional sequences are unchanged, so error analysis and numerical stability are unaffected. This work has a theoretical sustained-to-peak performance close to 100% for large matrices, which is roughly three times the functional density of the previously best known implementations. Mapped to an Intel Arria 10 device, we achieve 80us for a 256x256 single precision real matrix, for a 417 GFLOP equivalent. This corresponds to a 95% sustained to peak ratio, for the portion of the device used for this work.
A biomimetic acoustic system for threat detection and localization. (2008)

As part of our development efforts to transition cutting edge algorithms to practical devices for use in the field, hardware and software systems using the biomimetic approach are being designed for real world battlefield conditions. A new digital system has been developed that not only improves on existing sniper detection and localization technology but also enables many other capabilities useful for enhanced situational awareness. Capabilities include detection of vehicles and personnel sounds such as speech and footsteps. Systems in development include soldier-worn, vehicle-mounted, and robot-mounted systems, as well as unattended ground sensor systems. Our systems can integrate acoustic target data with GPS and other sensor information using simple GUIs. These systems are modular with multiple interface ports for USB, Ethernet, RS-232, and standard audio jacks. As these systems are transitioned to dismounted soldiers, power, weight, and size become the driving factors in design choices. Additional capabilities such as tracking/identifying a variety of acoustics targets, enhancing warfighter hearing, and fusing information with other sensors (for no additional increase in size, power, and weight) can make these acoustics systems an even more valuable asset. Authors associated with BMS may realize financial profit with the success of this work.
AAVI: A Novel Approach to Estimating Leaf Nitrogen Concentration in Rice From Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Multispectral Imagery at Early and Middle Growth Stages (2021)

Accurate and timely monitoring of leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) in rice is crucial to optimize nitrogen fertilizer management and reduce environmental pollution. Existing vegetation indices (VIs) often perform well for high canopy cover conditions, but their performance becomes poor at early growth stages due to the significant exposure of background materials and the induced spectral mixing effect. This study proposed a novel approach to estimate the LNC at early and middle growth stages of paddy rice by using abundance adjusted VIs (AAVIs) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery. An AAVI was constructed by combining the traditional VI and the rice abundant from linear spectral mixture analysis of UAV imagery. Subsequently, the performance of AAVIs was evaluated in comparison with traditional VIs derived from all pixels or green pixels for individual growth stages or multiple stages. The results demonstrated that AAVIs exhibited better performance in LNC estimation, regardless of individual stages or across the entire early season. Specially, AACI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">red-edge</sub> showed the best performance among the AAVIs evaluated for LNC estimation. For universal modeling across early stages, the combination of AACI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">red-edge</sub> and AAEVI yielded the highest accuracy (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.78, RMSE = 0.26%, and rRMSE = 10.4%) performed remarkably better than the traditional VIs from all pixels or green pixels (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <;0.40). These findings illustrated that the AAVIs have great potential in monitoring nitrogen status at early growth stages with high-resolution aerial or satellite images in the context of precision crop management.
Optimized compression of triangle mesh geometry using prediction trees (2003)

Almost all triangle mesh compression algorithms to date are driven by the mesh connectivity code. The geometry code usually employs a straightforward prediction method applied to the vertex sequence as dictated by the connectivity code. This generates a suboptimal geometry code, which results in significant loss in code efficiency, since the geometry dominates the mesh information content. The paper proposes a manifold mesh code which optimizes the geometric component, at the slight expense of the connectivity code. This mesh geometry code is shown to be up to 50% more compact than the state-of-the-art geometry code of Touma and Gotsman (1998), especially for models with non-smooth geometry, such as CAD models.
Multi-Step Prediction of Occupancy Grid Maps With Recurrent Neural Networks (2019)

We investigate the multi-step prediction of the drivable space, represented by Occupancy Grid Maps (OGMs), for autonomous vehicles. Our motivation is that accurate multi-step prediction of the drivable space can efficiently improve path planning and navigation resulting in safe, comfortable and optimum paths in autonomous driving. We train a variety of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based architectures on the OGM sequences from the KITTI dataset. The results demonstrate significant improvement of the prediction accuracy using our proposed difference learning method, incorporating motion related features, over the state of the art. We remove the egomotion from the OGM sequences by transforming them into a common frame. Although in the transformed sequences the KITTI dataset is heavily biased toward static objects, by learning the difference between consecutive OGMs, our proposed method provides accurate prediction over both the static and moving objects.
Radioimmunoassay for Thymopoietin (1976)

A radioimmunoassay for thymopoietin was developed that detects thymopoietin concentrations greater than 5 ng/ml. A critical point in development of the radioimmunossay was preparation of 125I-labeled thymopoietin by the Bolton-Hunter method, since direct iodination of tyrosyl residues impaired the immunoreactivity of thymopoietin.
Phthalocyanines as photodynamic agents for the inactivation of microbial pathogens (2006)

A variety of 1,8(11),15(18),22(25)- and 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra-substituted and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa-susbtituted Zn (II) phthalocyanines, bearing dialkylaminophenoxy and trialkylammoniumphenoxy groups, have been synthetized, characterized and tested as photosensitizers against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. All phthalocyanines exhibited intense absorption bands in the phototherapeutically useful 670-700 nm region, with a molar extinction coefficient of the order of 10 5 M -1 .cm -1 . All derivatives bearing positive charges showed a good photosensitizing efficiency (causing a greater than 4 log reduction in cell survival), as well as a high quantum yield for generation of singlet oxygen. Variations of the chemical structure appeared to strongly affect both the physicochemical properties and the phototoxic activities against microorganisms.
Considerations on the relationship between distributed capacitance and power loss in a push-pull current-fed converter in buck-mode (1988)

It is shown how power loss in a push-pull current-fed converter for a high-voltage power supply increases markedly as the distributed capacitance in the high-voltage transformer increases. The relationship between distributed capacitance and power loss in buck mode is analyzed, and a novel design method for reducing the converter power loss is proposed. By decreasing the transformer core permeability to approximately one-seventh that of conventional high-voltage transformers, the converter power loss can be reduced by approximately one-third.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of the Binding of Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 (MLL1) and Histone 3 Peptides to WD Repeat Domain 5 (WDR5) for the Design of Inhibitors of the MLL1−WDR5 Interaction (2010)

MLL1 is a histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase and a promising new cancer therapeutic target. The catalytic activity of MLL1 is regulated by the formation of a core complex consisting of MLL1, WDR5, RbBP5, and Ash2L. The interaction between WDR5 and MLL1 plays an essential role in regulation of the H3K4 methyltransferase activity of MLL1 and targeting this interaction using small molecules may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy. In this study, we have defined the essential elements in MLL1 required for its high-affinity binding to WDR5. Our data showed that the minimal elements crucial for high-affinity binding of MLL1 to WDR5 are -CO-ARA-NH- motif and two intramolecular hydrogen bonds that stabilize the conformation of this motif. Two 3-mer peptides, Ac-ARA-NH(2) and Ac-ART-NH(2), were designed based upon MLL1 and H3 sequences and achieved K(i) values of 120 and 20 nM to WDR5, respectively. Our study provides a concrete basis for the design of potent peptidomimetics and nonpeptidic compounds to inhibit MLL1 activity by targeting the MLL1 and WDR5 interaction.
Generation of ion-acoustic waves in an inductively coupled, low-pressure discharge lamp (2006)

For a number of years it has been known that the alkali rf-discharge lamps used in atomic clocks can exhibit large amplitude intensity oscillations. These oscillations arise from ion-acoustic plasma waves and have typically been associated with erratic clock behavior. Though large amplitude ion-acoustic plasma waves are clearly deleterious for atomic clock operation, it does not follow that small amplitude oscillations have no utility. Here, we demonstrate two easily implemented methods for generating small amplitude ion-acoustic plasma waves in alkali rf-discharge lamps. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the frequency of these waves is proportional to the square root of the rf power driving the lamp and therefore that their examination can provide an easily accessible parameter for monitoring and controlling the lamp’s plasma conditions. This has important consequences for precise timekeeping, since the atomic ground-state hyperfine transition, which is the heart of the atomic clock signal, can be significantly perturbed by changes in the lamp’s output via the ac-Stark shift.
Predicting the popularity of online content (2010)

Early patterns of Digg diggs and YouTube views reflect long-term user interest.
A DLL-based programmable clock generator using threshold-trigger delay element and circular edge combiner (2004)

In this work, a DLL-based CMOS programmable clock generator is presented. A threshold-trigger delay element obtains better duty cycle and jitter performance without dc power consumption. A programmable edge combiner using circular scheme can operate at 0.8V supply voltage. A clock generator programmed by 1, 2, 3 and 6 is design using a 0.18-um 1p6m CMOS process. The input and output frequency ranges of multiply-by-1/2/3/6 clock generator at 1.8V supply voltage are 138 MHz /spl sim/ 277MHz and 138 MHz /spl sim/ 1.6GHz, respectively.