gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft-Limiting Receiver Structures for Time-Hopping UWB in Multiple-Access Interference (2008)

A novel receiver structure based on soft-limiting is proposed for detecting a time-hopping ultrawide-bandwidth (UWB) signal in the presence of multiple-access interference (MAI). The proposed structure contains a nonlinear limiter for suppressing the MAI. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver achieves better bit-error-rate performance than the conventional matched receiver when operating in MAI. When operating in an MAI-plus-Gaussian-noise environment, the receiver structure outperforms the conventional matched-filter receiver for moderate to large values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A receiver structure with adaptive limiting threshold is further proposed to ensure that the performance of the soft-limiting receiver always meets or surpasses the performance of the conventional UWB receiver for all values of SNR. Application of the soft-limiting structure in the fingers of a rake receiver is shown to enhance the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio.
Bayesian/decision-feedback algorithm for blind adaptive equalization (1992)

A new blind equalization algorithm is presented that incorporates a Bayesian channel estimator and a decision-feedback (DF) adaptive filter. The Bayesian algorithm operates as a preprocessor on the received signal to provide an initial estimate of the channel coefficients. It is an approximate maximum <i>a posteriori</i> (MAP) sequence estimator that generates reliable estimates of the transmitted symbols. These decisions are then filtered by an adaptive decision-feedback algorithm to further reduce the intersymbol interference. The new algorithm is more robustto catastrophic error propagation thanthe standard decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), with only a modest increase in the computational complexity.
Universal Transformers (2018)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) sequentially process data by updating their state with each new data point, and have long been the de facto choice for sequence modeling tasks. However, their inherently sequential computation makes them slow to train. Feed-forward and convolutional architectures have recently been shown to achieve superior results on some sequence modeling tasks such as machine translation, with the added advantage that they concurrently process all inputs in the sequence, leading to easy parallelization and faster training times. Despite these successes, however, popular feed-forward sequence models like the Transformer fail to generalize in many simple tasks that recurrent models handle with ease, e.g. copying strings or even simple logical inference when the string or formula lengths exceed those observed at training time. We propose the Universal Transformer (UT), a parallel-in-time self-attentive recurrent sequence model which can be cast as a generalization of the Transformer model and which addresses these issues. UTs combine the parallelizability and global receptive field of feed-forward sequence models like the Transformer with the recurrent inductive bias of RNNs. We also add a dynamic per-position halting mechanism and find that it improves accuracy on several tasks. In contrast to the standard Transformer, under certain assumptions, UTs can be shown to be Turing-complete. Our experiments show that UTs outperform standard Transformers on a wide range of algorithmic and language understanding tasks, including the challenging LAMBADA language modeling task where UTs achieve a new state of the art, and machine translation where UTs achieve a 0.9 BLEU improvement over Transformers on the WMT14 En-De dataset.
Environmentally Acceptable Cement Fluid Loss Additive (2002)

Abstract The need for environmentally acceptable cement additives has encouraged the development of new additives based on biopolymers, especially in the North Sea area where environmental regulations are very strict. The main challenge is to develop environmentally acceptable chemicals that meet the relevant environmental legislation and operational criteria, and thus could replace synthetic materials that are currently being used. This paper will describe the development of a cement fluid loss additive that meets the challenges described above. Cellulose-type materials have been used for decades as additives to control cement fluid loss. These are PLONOR (pose little or no risk) listed materials, which means they do not have to be subjected to testing protocols. They were agreed upon by all OSPARCOM (Oslo-Paris Commission) countries, and thus, required no further extensive ecotoxicity testing before introduction. However, cellulose-type materials that have been used so far have several limitations: their fluid loss control properties decrease at temperatures above 200°F, their salt tolerance is limited and over-retardation problems can occur at low temperature. Furthermore, the slurry viscosity to fluid loss ratio is unfavorable compared to that of currently available synthetic fluid loss additives. When these cellulose type materials are combined with other additives to help improve their performance, the environmental advantages are compromised, and the resulting substance can no longer be listed as PLONOR. This paper describes the development of a modified cellulose (HEC) type of cement fluid loss product. It is salt tolerant, it can perform well up to temperatures as high as 280°F and is environmentally acceptable. After extensive laboratory testing, the production has been scaled up for introduction and a successful field trial has been performed in the North Sea area.
A Destructive Evolutionary Algorithm Process (2007)

This paper describes the application of evolutionary search to the problem of Flash memory wear-out. The current method for establishing memory operating parameters is a time consuming and expensive manual process of destructive testing. Understandably this process is normally undertaken only at design time. The results are sub optimum solutions which do not minimise ware-out over the lifetime of the device. We establish the viability of a hardware platform that utilises an EA (Evolutionary Algorithm) to discover optimal operating parameter settings automatically. Here we describe this hardware and reveal results demonstrating an average life extension of between 250% and 350% over the factory set conditions with a maximum life extension exhibited of 700% for cells within the same device. Furthermore since the process is automated it is possible to leverage the spread between process lots to further enhance device specifications, facilitating the near no cost life extension of a split-gate Flash memory device.
Plastic Antibodies for Cosmetics: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Scavenge Precursors of Malodors (2016)

Abstract Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic antibody mimics capable of specific molecular recognition. Advantageously, they are more stable, easy to tailor for a given application and less expensive than antibodies. These plastic antibodies are raising increasing interest and one relatively unexplored domain in which they could outplay these advantages particularly well is cosmetics. Here, we present the use of a MIP as an active ingredient of a cosmetic product, for suppressing body odors. In a dermo‐cosmetic formulation, the MIP captures selectively the precursors of malodorous compounds, amidst a multitude of other molecules present in human sweat. These results pave the way to the fabrication of a novel generation of MIPs with improved selectivities in highly complex aqueous environments, and should be applicable to biotechnological and biomedical areas as well.
Distinct Structural Elements That Direct Solution Aggregation and Membrane Assembly in the Channel-Forming Peptide M2GlyR (2002)

Restoration of chloride conductance via the introduction of an anion selective pore, formed by a channel-forming peptide, has been hypothesized as a novel treatment modality for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Delivery of these peptide sequences to airway cells from an aqueous environment in the absence of organic solvents is paramount. New highly soluble COOH- and NH(2)-terminal truncated peptides, derived from the second transmembrane segment of the glycine receptor alpha-subunit (M2GlyR), were generated, with decreasing numbers of amino acid residues. NH(2)-terminal lysyl-adducted truncated peptides with lengths of 22, 25, and 27 amino acid residues are equally able to stimulate short circuit current (I(SC)). Peptides with as few as 16 amino acid residues are able to stimulate I(SC), although to a lesser degree. In contrast, COOH-terminal truncated peptides show greatly reduced induced I(SC) values for all peptides fewer than 27 residues in length and show no measurable activity for peptides fewer than 21 residues in length. CD spectra for both the NH(2)- and COOH-truncated peptides have random structure in aqueous solution, and those sequences that stimulated the highest maximal I(SC) are predominantly helical in 40% trifluoroethanol. Peptides with a decreased propensity to form helical structures in TFE also failed to stimulate I(SC). Palindromic peptide sequences based on both the NH(2)- and COOH-terminal halves of M2GlyR were synthesized to test roles of the COOH- and NH(2)-terminal halves of the molecule in solution aggregation and channel forming ability. On the basis of the study presented here, there are distinct, nonoverlapping regions of the M2GlyR sequence that define solution aggregation and membrane channel assembly. Peptides that eliminate solution aggregation with complete retention of channel forming activity were generated.
Amplitude equalization of laser pulses obtained from rational harmonic mode locking of a ring-type fiber laser (1998)

Summary form only given. We have successfully demonstrated amplitude equalization of high repetition-rate optical pulses obtained from a rational harmonic mode locking of a ring-type fiber laser by using a laser injection scheme to another fiber laser with nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM).
Design, synthesis, and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of cytotoxic analogs of bombesin-like peptides containing doxorubicin or its intensely potent derivative, 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (1997)

Five peptide fragments, based on the C-terminal sequence of bombesin (BN)-(6-14) or BN-(7-14), were selected as carriers for radicals doxorubicin (DOX) and 2-pyrrolino-DOX to create hybrid cytotoxic analogs. All these compounds had a reduced peptide bond (CH2-NH or CH2-N) between positions 13 (Phe or Leu) and 14 (Phe, Leu, or Tac) (Tac = thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid). Three pseudononapeptide carriers contained N-terminal D-Phe or D-Tpi at position 6 (Tpi = 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid). Two pseudooctapeptides had Gln7 at the N terminus. The conjugation of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) doxorubicin (N-Fmoc-DOX)-14-O-hemiglutarate to the peptide carriers at the N terminus resulted in cytotoxic hybrids of BN-like peptides containing DOX. These hybrids could then be converted to analogs with 2-pyrrolino-DOX by a reaction with 4-iodobutyraldehyde. The ability of the carriers and the conjugates to inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled [Tyr4]BN to receptors for BN/gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) on Swiss 3T3 cells was determined. Cytotoxic conjugates of pseudooctapeptide carrier analogs displayed the highest binding affinity (KD approximately 1 nM). The cytotoxic BN analogs and their corresponding cytotoxic radicals exerted similar inhibitory effects on the in vitro growth of CFPAC-1 human pancreatic cancer, DMS-53 human lung cancer, PC-3 human prostate cancer, and MKN-45 human gastric cancer cell lines that have receptors for BN/GRP. In DMS-53 cells, the activity of 2-pyrrolino-DOX and its conjugates was approximately 2500 times higher than that of DOX and its hybrids. These highly potent cytotoxic analogs of BN have been designed as targeted anti-tumor agents for the treatment of various cancers that possess receptors for BN/GRP.
Improved thermoelectric properties in Zn-doped Ca5Ga2Sb6 (2013)

Zintl compounds with the chemical formula Ca5M2Sb6 have attracted attention as candidates for use in thermoelectric applications due to their low thermal conductivity and promising high temperature performance (i.e., zT = 0.6 at 1000 K in Ca5Al2−xNaxSb6). We have shown previously that, relative to Ca5Al2Sb6, both Ca5Ga2Sb6 and Ca5In2Sb6 have reduced phonon velocities and improved carrier mobility, suggesting that improved zT can be achieved in these materials. Here we further investigate Ca5Ga2Sb6, which is an intrinsic semiconductor with a small concentration of p-type carriers. By substituting Zn2+ on the Ga3+ site, we show that it is possible to increase and control the carrier concentration in Ca5Ga2−xZnxSb6 and thus optimize its thermoelectric behavior. A single parabolic band model was used to estimate an effective mass of m* = 1.6me, which is slightly lower than Al-based compounds. Though the reduced m* leads to a lower Seebeck coefficient, it also leads to a much higher electronic mobility. The high mobility leads to increased thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) at low and intermediate temperatures relative to Zn-doped Ca5Al2Sb6. However, due to the decreased band gap in Ca5Ga2Sb6 relative to Ca5Al2Sb6, the maximum zT in optimally doped Ca5Ga2Sb6 is reduced (peak zT ∼ 0.35 at T = 775 K).
The Synthesis and Utilization of a Polymeric Photo-Sensitizer Based on Poly(N-Tert. Butyliminoethylene) (1991)

Abstract α, ω-dianthryl-terminated poly (N-tert. butyliminoethylene) [poly(TBIE)] has been synthesized by end capping of bifunctionally living poly(TB1E) using 9(amino-methyl) anthracene (AMA) as a capping agent. It can be used as a polymeric photosensitizer for the photochemical conversion of tachysterol compounds into previtamin D2 and D3. The polymeric photosensitizer can be removed from the solution by extraction with aqueous HCl or by precipitation with a polyacid such as poly(acrylic acid).
Improved Result Ranking in P2P File-Sharing Systems by Probing for Metadata (2006)

One of the reasons that search performance of peer-to-peer file-sharing systems is poor is that results are poorly described, hurting the client's ability to rank them. This is a consequence of the independent and distributed nature of servers in this architecture. We propose automatically probing the network for better descriptions to improve result ranking. Search performance improvements are demonstrated through extensive simulation results
Novel sorbents for high temperature regenerative H/sub 2/S removal. Quarterly report No. 2, January-March 1984 (1984)

The overall objective of this project is to develop regenerable sorbents for fuel gas desulfurization at an operating temperature of 550 to 750/sup 0/C. Two classes of sorbents are being investigated for removal of H/sub 2/S from about 1 vol % to sub-ppM levels. The rapid absorption kinetics are realized by eliminating or minimizing the resistance associated with solid state diffusion. The main tasks planned for the second quarter of this project were: (1) limited parametric performance evaluation and completion of testing of the supported molten ZnO-V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ sorbents; and (2) development of a preparation technique and limited testing of high surface area, bulk metal oxide solid solutions. Experiments with the alumina-supported ZnO-V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ sorbents produced the following results. When the reactant gas did not contain H/sub 2/O (dry conditions), sulfidation at 700/sup 0/C proceeded up to 80% conversion (based on ZnO) before breakthrough. This sulfidation capacity was maintained in several cycles of successive sulfidation/regeneration and no evaporative loss of Zn was observed. However, in sorbents containing only ZnO on alumina (no vanadium), zinc was lost by evaporation under the same sulfidation conditions. Apparently, the vanadium stabilized the zinc in the support. In addition to its stabilization role,more » vanadium oxide provides considerable additional H/sub 2/S removal capacity (20% of total) by means of chemisorption. This has been demonstrated in separate runs with alumina impregnated with V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ only (no zinc). The important finding from these tests is that no stable vanadium sulfides are formed during sulfidation; instead, H/sub 2/S is chemisorbed on a reduced vanadium oxide, and can be fully retrieved in nitrogen purge following sulfidation. In the second class of sorbents, a number of preparations were attempted with the Zn-Fe-O system. Results are discussed. 16 refs., 9 figs., 5 tabs.« less
Decoupled Compressed Cache: Exploiting Spatial Locality for Energy Optimization (2014)

Last-level caches (LLCs) play a crucial role in reducing multicore system energy by filtering out expensive accesses to main memory. Cache compression can increase effective LLC capacity and reduce misses. However, previous designs limit compression benefits caused by internal fragmentation, limited tags, and energy-expensive recompaction when a block's size changes. The authors propose decoupled compressed cache (DCC), which uses decoupled superblocks and noncontiguous sub-block allocation to decrease tag overhead without increasing internal fragmentation and to eliminate the need for energy-expensive recompaction. They also demonstrate a practical design based on a recent commercial LLC design.
Molecular cloning and biological activity of ecdysis‐triggering hormones in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1999)

Ecdysis-triggering hormones (ETH) initiate a defined behavioral sequence leading to shedding of the insect cuticle. We have identified eth, a gene encoding peptides with ETH-like structure and biological activity in Drosophila melanogaster. The open reading frame contains three putative peptides based on canonical endopeptidase cleavage and amidation sites. Two of the predicted peptides (DrmETH1 and DrmETH2) prepared by chemical synthesis induce premature eclosion upon injection into pharate adults. The promoter region of the gene contains a direct repeat ecdysteroid response element. Identification of eth in Drosophila provides opportunities for genetic manipulation of endocrine and behavioral events underlying a stereotypic behavior.
Frame size adaptation for indoor wireless networks (2001)

An optimal frame size predictor for indoor wireless networks is proposed and studied. Kalman filtering is employed to predict the optimal frame size in order to obtain a guaranteed channel utilisation. Through simulation, it is shown that the proposed algorithm can substantially lower the estimation error.
Kinetic Studies on the Control of the Bean Rust Fungus (<i>Uromyces phaseoli</i> L.) by an Inhibitor of Polyamine Biosynthesis (1986)

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific and irreversible inhibitor of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, effectively inhibits mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi on defined media in vitro and provides systemic protection of bean plants against infection by Uromyces phaseoli L. race 0 (MV Rajam, AW Galston 1985 Plant Cell Physiol 26: 683-692; MV Rajam et al. 1985 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 6874-6878). We now find that application of 0.5 millimolar DFMO to unifoliolate leaves of Pinto beans up to 3 days after inoculation with uredospores of U. phaseoli completely inhibits the growth of the pathogen, while application 4 or 5 days after inoculation results in partial protection against the pathogen. Spores do not germinate on the surface of unifoliolate leaves treated with DFMO 1 day before infection, but addition of spermidine to the DFMO treatments partially reverses the inhibitory effect. The titer of polyamines in bean plants did not decline after DFMO treatment; rather, putrescine and spermidine contents actually rose, probably due to the known but paradoxical stimulation of arginine decarboxylase activity by DFMO.
Expression of a bacterial feedback‐insensitive 3‐deoxy‐<scp>d</scp>‐arabino‐heptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase of the shikimate pathway in Arabidopsis elucidates potential metabolic bottlenecks between primary and secondary metabolism (2012)

The shikimate pathway of plants mediates the conversion of primary carbon metabolites via chorismate into the three aromatic amino acids and to numerous secondary metabolites derived from them. However, the regulation of the shikimate pathway is still far from being understood. We hypothesized that 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) is a key enzyme regulating flux through the shikimate pathway. To test this hypothesis, we expressed a mutant bacterial AroG gene encoding a feedback-insensitive DAHPS in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The plants were subjected to detailed analysis of primary metabolism, using GC-MS, as well as secondary metabolism, using LC-MS. Our results exposed a major effect of bacterial AroG expression on the levels of shikimate intermediate metabolites, phenylalanine, tryptophan and broad classes of secondary metabolite, such as phenylpropanoids, glucosinolates, auxin and other hormone conjugates. We propose that DAHPS is a key regulatory enzyme of the shikimate pathway. Moreover, our results shed light on additional potential metabolic bottlenecks bridging plant primary and secondary metabolism.
New layered compounds with transition-metal oxide layers separated by covalently bound organic ligands. Molybdenum and tungsten trioxide-pyridine (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew layered compounds with transition-metal oxide layers separated by covalently bound organic ligands. Molybdenum and tungsten trioxide-pyridineJack W. Johnson, A. J. Jacobson, S. M. Rich, and J. F. BrodyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 17, 5246–5247Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00407a054RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (288 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Template update criterion for template matching of image sequences (2003)

This paper proposes a template update criterion used for feature tracking of image sequences using template matching. Template update is determined by evaluating the error which will occur in the next image using the criterion. This method requires no parameter to be adjusted and the intervals of template update become variable and adaptive to deformation and noise level. The criterion is defined based on the covariance matrix of a template matching error. Some experimental results using synthesized and natural image sequences are presented to show the validity of the criterion.