gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical reversal of root caries using ozone: 6-month results. (2007)

To assess the safety and efficacy of ozone either with or without a root sealant, for the management of leathery root caries.79 subjects with 220 root caries lesions were recruited into four study groups in this randomized, controlled trial. At baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months, the ECM III and DIAGNOdent were employed. Subsequently, the root caries lesions were clinically assessed for color, hardness, cavitation, dimensions, distance from the gingival margin, and severity index. Modified USPHS criteria were also performed after 1, 3, and 6 months. These groups were as follows: Group 1: Ozone application was performed for a period of 10 seconds on caries lesions; Group 2: There was neither ozone nor root sealant application on root caries; Group 3: Ozone treatment and a root sealant were applied to root caries lesions; and Group 4: Only root sealant was applied to root caries.At the 6-month recall, 78 subjects were examined. There were no observed adverse events. 38.1% of lesions became hard in the ozone only group, while none of the lesions became hard in the control group (P< 0.001). Noncavitated lesions were more likely to reverse than cavitated lesions. 38.4% of noncavitated lesions became hard, while only 5.7% of cavitated lesions became hard in the ozone only group. Modified USPHS criteria revealed that there were 66.6% intact sealants in the ozone and sealant group and 45.5% intact sealants in the sealant only group (P< 0.05). After 1, 3, and 6 months, the ECM and DIAGNOdent readings showed improvements in the ozone only group when compared to the control group (P< 0.001). The ozone and sealant group also had greater improvements in the ECM and DIAGNOdent values when compared to the sealant only group (P< 0.05).
Enhanced humanization and affinity maturation of neutralizing anti‐hepatitis B virus preS1 antibody based on antigen–antibody complex structure (2014)

To improve a previously constructed broadly neutralizing hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific preS1 humanized antibody (HzKR127), we further humanized it through specificity-determining residue (SDR) grafting. Moreover, we improved affinity by mutating two residues in heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions (CDR), on the basis of the crystal structure of the antigen-antibody complex. HzKR127-3.2 exhibited 2.5-fold higher affinity and enhanced virus-neutralizing activity compared to the original KR127 antibody and showed less immunogenic potential than HzKR127. Enhanced virus-neutralizing activity was achieved by the increased association rate, providing insights into engineering potent antibody therapeutics for HBV immunoprophylaxis. HzKR127-3.2 may be a good candidate for HBV immunoprophylaxis.
Development of Thermal Barriers for Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Joints (2001)

Joints in the Space Shuttle solid rocket motors are sealed by O-rings to contain combustion gases inside the rocket that reach pressures of up to 900 psi and temperatures of up to 5500 F. To provide protection for the O-rings, the motors are insulated with either phenolic or rubber insulation. Gaps in the joints leading up to the O-rings are filled with polysulfide joint-fill compounds as an additional level of protection. The current RSRM nozzle-to-case joint design incorporating primary, secondary, and wiper O-rings experiences gas paths through the joint-fill compound to the innermost wiper O-ring in about one out of every seven motors. Although this does not pose a safety hazard to the motor, it is an undesirable condition that NASA and rocket manufacturer Thiokol want to eliminate. Each nozzle-to-case joint gas path results in extensive reviews and evaluation before flights can be resumed. Thiokol and NASA Marshall are currently working to improve the nozzle-to-case joint design by implementing a more reliable J-leg design that has been used successfully in the field and igniter joint. They are also planning to incorporate the NASA Glenn braided carbon fiber thermal barrier into the joint. The thermal barrier would act as an additional level of protection for the O-rings and allow the elimination of the joint-fill compound from the joint.
Key Establishment and Pairing Management Protocol for Downloadable Conditional Access System Host Devices (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the possible security threats to downloadable conditional access system (DCAS) host devices. We then propose a DCAS secure micro (SM) and transport processor (TP) security protocol that counters identified security threats using a secure key establishment and pairing management scheme. The proposed protocol not only resists disclosed SM ID and TP ID threats and indirect connection between TA and TP threats, but also meets some desirable security attributes such as known key secrecy, perfect forward secrecy, key compromised impersonation, unknown key-share, and key control.
Abstract 3033: Immuno-PET detection of LAG-3 expressing intratumoral lymphocytes using the zirconium-89 radiolabeled fully human anti-LAG-3 antibody REGN3767 (2018)

Abstract Persistent antigen exposure and inflammatory signals in tumors induce expression of various co-inhibitory or immune checkpoint receptors on T cells, including programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3). Therapeutic antibodies blocking such co-inhibitory receptors have produced durable antitumor responses as single agents and in combinations. In order to monitor LAG-3 expression and potential changes in expression due to therapeutic intervention, we have developed a radionuclide-conjugated antibody to LAG-3 for immuno-PET. The fully human anti-LAG3 antibody REGN3767 was radiolabeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide Zirconium-89 (89Zr) using the bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Bn-Deferoxamine (DFO). 89Zr-REGN3767 demonstrated high radiochemical purity and immunoreactivity in cell binding assays. The ability of 89Zr-REGN3767 to successfully identify LAG-3 expression in vivo was initially assessed using MC38 mouse tumors expressing human LAG-3 (MC38/hLAG-3) implanted into immune-deficient mice. 89Zr-REGN3767 demonstrated higher uptake in MC38/hLAG-3 tumors compared to an 89Zr-isotype control antibody using immuno-PET, and specificity was confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution at day 6 post radiotracer injection (~35 and ~5 %ID/g for 89Zr-REGN3767 and 89Zr-isotype, respectively). Furthermore, a dose titration study of 89Zr-REGN3767 in immune deficient mice co-implanted subcutaneously with Raji lymphoma cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) demonstrated the ability of 89Zr-REGN3767 to target LAG-3-expressing intratumoral T-cells. 89Zr-REGN3767 immuno-PET and ex vivo biodistribution demonstrated specific localization to Raji/hPBMC co-implanted tumors; this uptake was significantly higher at antibody doses of 0.03 - 0.3 mg/kg than at 5 mg/kg. Doses of 0.03-0.3 mg/kg 89Zr-REGN3767 were also able to detect LAG-3 positive T cells in the spleen. This study shows the ability of 89Zr-REGN3767 to successfully image LAG-3 expressed on intratumoral and splenic T lymphocytes. This work supports the clinical translation of anti-LAG-3 immuno-PET for the assessment of LAG-3 expression, with the goal to investigate its utility for predicting and monitoring response to checkpoint blockade therapy. Citation Format: Marcus P. Kelly, Richard Tavare, Jason T. Giurleo, Sosina Makonnen, Carlos Hickey, Makenzie A. Danton, T Cody Arnold, Dangshe Ma, Jie Dai, Jerry Pei, Jessica R. Kirshner, William C. Olson, Gavin. Thurston. Immuno-PET detection of LAG-3 expressing intratumoral lymphocytes using the zirconium-89 radiolabeled fully human anti-LAG-3 antibody REGN3767 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3033.
CAPTURE AND RECREATION OF HIGHER ORDER 3D SOUND FIELDS VIA RECIPROCITY (2004)

We propose a unified and simple approach for capturing and recreating 3D sound fields by exploring the reciprocity principle that is satisfied between the two processes. Our approach makes the system easy to build, and practical. Using this approach, we can capture the 3D sound field by a spherical microphone array and recreate it using a spherical loudspeaker array, and ensure that the recreated sound field matches the recorded field up to a high order of spherical harmonics. A design example and simulation results are presented. For some regular or semi-regular microphone layouts, we design an efficient parallel implementation of the multi-directional spherical beamformer by using the rotational symmetries of the beampattern and of the spherical microphone array. This can be implemented in either software or hardware. A simple design example is presented to demonstrate the idea. It can be easily adapted for other regular or semi-regular layouts of microphones. 1.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Low Pressure Carbonylation of Allylic Alcohols by Catalytic Anhydride Activation (2021)

A direct carbonylation of allylic alcohols has been realized for the first time with high catalyst activity at low pressure of CO (10 bar). The procedure is described in detail for the carbonylation of E-nerolidol, an important step in a new BASF-route to (-)-ambrox. Key to high activities in the allylic alcohol carbonylation is the finding that catalytic amounts of carboxylic anhydride activate the substrate and are constantly regenerated with carbon monoxide under the reaction conditions. The identified reaction conditions are transferrable to other substrates as well.
Assay of Specific Anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibodies by ELISA Method (1996)

We measured anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) specific antibody titers by means of a newly-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method using an anti-C. pneumoniae specific antibody detection reagent. The clinical usefulness of this method was hereby evaluated. The IgG, IgA and IgM titers in 418 serum specimens obtained from patients with respiratory tract infections were measured by this new ELISA method, and the results were compared with the titers determined for the same specimens with the micro immunofluorescence (Micro-IF) method. The results showed good correlation coefficients for IgG, IgA and IgM. The two assay methods showed high agreement rates for positivity and for negativity. Specimens which did not yield the same results with the ELISA method and the Micro-IF method were subjected to analysis by the Western blot method, and the rates of agreement with the ELISA results were high. In addition, the child (0 approximately 15 yrs old; n = 122) and adult (16 approximately 90 yrs old; n = 133) cases were classified on the basis of being antigen-positive or antigen-negative at the initial examination, and their antibody-positive rates were determined. The adults showed no statistically significant differences in the antibody-positive rates for either IgG or IgA antibodies as a function of the pretreatment antigen status. However, the children showed statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences in the antibody-positive rates for both IgG and IgA antibodies as a function of the antigen status in the antigen-positive group compared with the rates in the antigen-negative group. Furthermore, the IgM-positive rates for the children were high in the antigen-positive group compared with the rates in the antigen-negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The IgM-positive rates in the adults were also significantly (p < 0.05) different between the antigen-positive group and the antigen-negative group. The Micro-IF method was applied to 34 specimens from antigen-positive patients, and 22 specimens were found to show an IgG titer of > or = 512 or an IgM titer of > or = 16. The diagnoses of these patients were acute respiratory disease in sixteen, pneumonia in four. Application of the ELISA-method to those 22 specimens showed all of them to exhibit IgG absorbance of > or = 0.6 and IgA absorbance of 0.2. The results described above indicate the clinical usefulness of our new ELISA method for the detection of antibodies specific for C. pneumoniae. The significance of this ELISA method for serological diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infections and the criteria for diagnosis of acute infections were also discussed.
Efficient Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis (2006)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a plant RNA-silencing technique that uses viral vectors carrying a fragment of a gene of interest to generate double-stranded RNA, which initiates the silencing of the target gene. Several viral vectors have been developed for VIGS and they have been successfully used in reverse genetics studies of a variety of processes occurring in plants. This approach has not been widely adopted for the model dicotyledonous species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), possibly because, until now, there has been no easy protocol for effective VIGS in this species. Here, we show that a widely used tobacco rattle virus-based VIGS vector can be used for silencing genes in Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia-0. The protocol involves agroinfiltration of VIGS vectors carrying fragments of genes of interest into seedlings at the two- to three-leaf stage and requires minimal modification of existing protocols for VIGS with tobacco rattle virus vectors in other species like Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The method described here gives efficient silencing in Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia-0. We show that VIGS can be used to silence genes involved in general metabolism and defense and it is also effective at knocking down expression of highly expressed transgenes. A marker system to monitor the progress and efficiency of VIGS is also described.
Immersive Trip Reports (2018)

Since the advent of consumer photography, tourists and hikers have made photo records of their trips to share later. Aside from being kept as memories, photo presentations such as slideshows are also shown to others who have not visited the location to try to convey the experience.However, a slideshow alone is limited in conveying the broader spatial context, and thus the feeling of presence in beautiful natural scenery is lost. We address this by presenting the photographs as part of an immersive experience. We introduce an automated pipeline for aligning photographs with a digital terrain model. From this geographic registration, we produce immersive presentations which are viewed either passively as a video, or interactively in virtual reality. Our experimental evaluation verifies that this new mode of presentation successfully conveys the spatial context of the scene and is enjoyable to users.
Discovering web structure with multiple experts in a clustering framework (2008)

The world wide web contains vast amounts of data, but only a small portion of it is accessible in an operational form by machines. The rest of this vast collection is behind a presentation layer that renders web pages in a human-friendly form but also hampers machine-processing of data. The task of converting web data into operational form is the task of data extraction. Current approaches to data extraction from the web either require human-effort to guide supervised learning algorithms or are customized to extract a narrow range of data types in specific domains. We focus on the broader problem of discovering the underlying structure of any database-generated web site. Our approach automatically discovers relational data that is hidden behind these web sites by combining experts that identify the relationship between surface structure and the underlying structure. 
Our approach is to have a set of software experts that analyze a web site's pages. Each of these experts is specialized to recognize a particular type of structure. These experts discover similarities between data items within the context of the particular types of structure they analyze and output their discoveries as hypotheses in a common hypothesis language. We find the most likely clustering of data using a probabilistic framework in which the hypotheses provide the evidence. From the clusters, the relational form of the data is derived. 
We develop two frameworks following the principles of our approach. The first framework introduces a common hypothesis language in which heterogeneous experts express their discoveries. The second framework extends the common language to allow experts to assign confidence scores to their hypotheses. 
We experiment in the web domain by comparing the output of our approach to the data extracted by a supervised wrapper-induction system and validated manually. Our results show that our approach performs well in the data extraction task on a variety of web sites. 
Our approach is applicable to other structure discovery problems as well. We demonstrate this by successfully applying our approach in the record deduplication domain.
A novel tracking control realization of phased array antenna for mobile satellite communications (2004)

This paper describes a realization of a tracking phased array antenna system for the shipboard station in X-band satellite communication. This antenna system is necessary to accurately track a target satellite due to the narrow beamwidth. This developed antenna has Tx and Rx antenna beams as well as tracking beam. These beams are independently steered electronically in elevation and mechanically in azimuth. However, a Korean target satellite will be launched into geostationary orbit after a few years. We verified the real-time tracking performance by means of transmission and reception of television broadcasting signal between the developed antenna system and satellite transponder simulator under operation of ship motion simulator. In addition, the measured results of antenna system are presented and discussed.
Detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus by latex agglutination with recombinant antigen (1987)

Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) env antigen was attached to polystyrene particles, and these complexes were used to develop the first latex agglutination assay for antibodies to HIV. A total of 95 positive and 116 negative human serum samples were assayed for antibodies to HIV by latex agglutination, and results were compared with those of a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Latex agglutination was also compared with, and found to be completely concordant with, Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with virion antigens.
Memristor crossbar based implementation of a multilayer perceptron (2017)

This paper describes a memristor-based neuromorphic system that can be used for ex-situ training of various multi-layer neural network algorithms. This system is based on an analog neuron circuit that is capable of performing an accurate dot product calculation. The presented ex-situ programming technique can be used to map many key neural algorithms directly onto the grid of resistances in a memristor crossbar. Using this weight-to-crossbar mapping approach along with the dot product calculation circuit, complex neural algorithms can be easily implemented using this system. To show the effectiveness and versatility of this circuit, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is trained to perform Sobel edge detection. Following these simulations, an analysis was presented that shows how both memristor accuracy and neuron circuit gain relates to output error. Additionally, this paper discusses how circuit noise and neural network layout contribute to testing accuracy.
Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in the airway epithelium of smokers is associated with lung cancer (2007)

PR-4 We have previously demonstrated that gene expression profiling of histologically normal bronchial airway epithelium obtained via brushings at the time of bronchoscopy can serve as a sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer [1]. In the current study, we have begun to explore how this cancer-specific molecular “field of injury” reflects information about the perturbation of specific oncogenic pathways within an individual, potentially allowing personalized genomic approaches to chemoprophylaxis and therapy. This approach is based on a previous study [2] whereby specific oncogenic pathways were individually perturbed in vitro in quiescent epithelial cells to identify a gene-expression signature for each pathway. Through the development of a computational framework, we applied these signatures to our airway epithelial dataset in order to determine pathway activation status in individual patient samples. Two oncogenic pathways were found to have increased activation in the histologically normal bronchial airway of smokers with lung cancer (p
Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection Enhancement by Acoustic Resonance Excitations in Turbulated Heat Exchangers (2019)

Abstract The present research deals with enhancing thermal performance of turbulated heat exchangers through application of sound pressure waves at acoustic resonance frequencies. Extending the findings of prior wind tunnel studies, where a standing wave greatly improved the forced convection in reattaching flows, this paper exploits such a phenomenon in a practical heat exchanger setting. The current experiments are conducted in representative turbulated plate and double pipe heat exchanger geometries, mounted in a dedicated facility. After identifying the inherent acoustic resonance frequencies of the passageways, the impact of excitation is studied in various sound pressure levels, blockage ratios, as well as Strouhal and Reynolds numbers. The acoustic resonance excitation resulted in heat transfer enhancement of 20% and 10% in the plate and double pipe designs respectively, absent of additional pressure penalties. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first demonstration of acoustic forced convection enhancement in turbulated heat exchanger geometries. Such a technology can pave the way towards future designs that require low pressure losses, minimal form factor and/or process controllability.
Synchronization Using Remote-Scope Promotion (2015)

Heterogeneous system architecture (HSA) and OpenCL define scoped synchronization to facilitate low overhead communication across a subset of threads. Scoped synchronization works well for static sharing patterns, where consumer threads are known a priori. It works poorly for dynamic sharing patterns (e.g., work stealing) where programmers cannot use a faster small scope due to the rare possibility that the work is stolen by a thread in a distant slower scope. This puts programmers in a conundrum: optimize the common case by synchronizing at a faster small scope or use work stealing at a slower large scope. In this paper, we propose to extend scoped synchronization with remote-scope promotion. This allows the most frequent sharers to synchronize through a small scope. Infrequent sharers synchronize by promoting that remote small scope to a larger shared scope. Synchronization using remote-scope promotion provides performance robustness for dynamic workloads, where the benefits provided by scoped synchronization and work stealing are hard to anticipate. Compared to a naïve baseline, static scoped synchronization alone achieves a 1.07x speedup on average and dynamic work stealing alone achieves a 1.18x speedup on average. In contrast, synchronization using remote-scope promotion achieves a robust 1.25x speedup on average, across a diverse set of graph benchmarks and inputs.