gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of mammalian protein <i>O</i> -mannosyltransferase activity: Coexpression of POMT1 and POMT2 required for enzymatic activity (2003)

Defects in O-mannosylation of alpha-dystroglycan are thought to cause certain types of congenital muscular dystrophies with neuronal migration disorders. Among these muscular dystrophies, Walker-Warburg syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene encoding putative protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 (POMT1), which is homologous to yeast protein O-mannosyltransferases. However, there is no evidence that POMT1 has enzymatic activity. In this study, we first developed a method to detect protein O-mannosyltransferase activity in mammalian cells. Then, using this method, we showed that coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 (another gene homologous to yeast protein O-mannosyltransferases) was necessary for the enzyme activity, but expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone was insufficient. The requirement of an active enzyme complex of POMT1 and POMT2 suggests that the regulation of protein O-mannosylation is complex. Further, protein O-mannosylation appears to be required for normal structure and function of alpha-dystroglycan in muscle and brain. In view of the potential importance of this form of glycosylation for a number of developmental and neurobiological processes, the ability to assay mammalian protein O-mannosyltransferase activity should greatly facilitate progress in the identification and localization of O-mannosylated proteins and the elucidation of their functional roles.
Dynamic ICIC in LTE-Advanced Networks for Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation (2015)

Dynamic inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is a multi-point cooperation technology that has attracted significant interest for inter-cell interference mitigation in wireless communication systems due to its potential performance gain, robustness and relatively low complexity. This paper describes mechanisms for implementation of dynamic ICIC as well as the standardized support that exists for it in Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) Release 12. Corresponding evaluation results are also provided, which show that dynamic ICIC can provide useful and stable performance gain in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. Due to the robustness against backhaul delay and supported interface signaling in LTE-A, dynamic ICIC has the potential to be used for both single-vendor and multi-vendor eNB cooperation deployments.
Automated Bug Assignment in Software Maintenance Using Graph Databases (2018)

Processes involved in maintaining a system play a crucial role in enhancing customer satisfaction and longevity of the system. Maintenance engineers are the most critical resources in Software Maintenance. They play a significant role in fixing bugs and ensuring the normal functioning of systems. Software maintenance is a tedious task for novice engineers who are new to the system domain. The lack of up-to-date documentation makes system comprehension more challenging for inexperienced engineers. Assignment of high priority bugs to novice engineers may lead to inappropriate fixes and delay in the revival of an impacted system. Such issues may degrade customer satisfaction and also poor fixes can have a severe impact on the functioning of the system at a later stage. Our research is focussed on identification of engineers with the right level of experience to fix a given bug. We have used the concept of page ranking and graph databases to compute the importance of bugs and assignees in a graph. A newly reported bug will be scored and matched with bugs that have a similar score in the graph database. Assignees who have fixed a bug that closely maps the score of the reported bug will be assigned the task of fixing the bug. We have implemented this methodology using bug reports from QT framework on neo4j graph database. Our results are promising and will definitely pave way for a new bug assignment strategy in software maintenance.
Measurement of health status in patients with vertigo (1996)

In order to assess how much disability is caused by vertigo, health status scores of patients referred with dizziness or vertigo were compared with local population normative data and with the severity of illness, measured by a disease-specific questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered by post to patients awaiting an ENT out-patient appointment. There was a strong correlation (P = 0.001) between the eight dimensions of the SF-36 (Mos 36 item short-form health survey) and disease severity, measured by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire. Compared with the general population, vertigo sufferers had significant role limitation due to physical problems and social functioning (men) and physical problems and vitality (women). General health status is significantly affected by both the presence and severity of vertigo and the SF-36 may prove useful in assessing outcomes.
Low CD4 T Cell Immunity to Pneumolysin Is Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococci in Children (2007)

These data suggest that Ply induces CD4 T cell proliferative responses with production of IFN- gamma and TNF- alpha in PBMCs or of IFN- gamma and IL-10 in adenoidal MNCs, which may be important in modulating pneumococcal carriage in children.
Federated Learning with Non-IID Data (2018)

Federated learning enables resource-constrained edge compute devices, such as mobile phones and IoT devices, to learn a shared model for prediction, while keeping the training data local. This decentralized approach to train models provides privacy, security, regulatory and economic benefits. In this work, we focus on the statistical challenge of federated learning when local data is non-IID. We first show that the accuracy of federated learning reduces significantly, by up to 55% for neural networks trained for highly skewed non-IID data, where each client device trains only on a single class of data. We further show that this accuracy reduction can be explained by the weight divergence, which can be quantified by the earth mover's distance (EMD) between the distribution over classes on each device and the population distribution. As a solution, we propose a strategy to improve training on non-IID data by creating a small subset of data which is globally shared between all the edge devices. Experiments show that accuracy can be increased by 30% for the CIFAR-10 dataset with only 5% globally shared data.
Calculation of holograms from elemental images captured by integral photography (2006)

We describe a method in which holograms can be produced by calculation from images captured by integral photography (IP). We present a basic algorithm obtained by simulating IP reconstruction, in which conditions are set so as not to cause aliasing in the holograms after the calculations. To reduce the calculation load, we also propose a way to limit the range of calculation considering the distribution of light and a way to shift the optical field on the exit plane of microlenses in a lens array. Finally, by optical experiments, we confirm that three-dimensional images can be reconstructed from holograms calculated from an integral photograph of a real object captured with an IP camera.
Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G determines osteoclast differentiation and bone loss (2015)

Immunglobulin G (IgG) sialylation represents a key checkpoint that determines the engagement of pro- or anti-inflammatory Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and the direction of the immune response. Whether IgG sialylation influences osteoclast differentiation and subsequently bone architecture has not been determined yet, but may represent an important link between immune activation and bone loss. Here we demonstrate that desialylated, but not sialylated, immune complexes enhance osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we find that the Fc sialylation state of random IgG and specific IgG autoantibodies determines bone architecture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In accordance with these findings, mice treated with the sialic acid precursor N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), which results in increased IgG sialylation, are less susceptible to inflammatory bone loss. Taken together, our findings provide a novel mechanism by which immune responses influence the human skeleton and an innovative treatment approach to inhibit immune-mediated bone loss.
Controlled Mesoporosity in <scp> <scp>SiOC</scp> </scp> via Chemically Bonded Polymeric “Spacers” (2013)

Silicon oxycarbides with controlled porosity in the mesopore range have been obtained through high‐temperature pyrolysis of newly developed reactive siloxane formulations. The starting gels have been synthesized via Pt catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction between polyhydromethylsiloxane ( PHMS ) and vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS ) of different molecular weights in the presence of tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane as a crosslinking enhancer. In our approach, the PDMS serves the double purpose of size‐controlling templating agent as well as solvent at the early stages of the synthesis. During the curing step, the vinyl‐terminated PDMS is chemically bonded to the preceramic network through the extremely efficient hydrosilylation reaction and “solidify.” Accordingly, its removal during pyrolysis occurs through decomposition of a solid phase with retention of the formed porosity. The structural and morphological evolution of the preceramic gels containing the molecular spacers have been investigated as a function of the thermal treatment temperature by N 2 physisorption measurements, thermogravimetry, and SEM analyses. The results show that the pore size distribution of the resulting SiOC s depends on the molecular weight of the PDMS and is directly related to the molecular volume assumimg that the PDMS chains are entangled into spheroidal shapes. The total pore volume is related to the initial amount of templating PDMS assuming its complete decomposition during pyrolysis.
Thomas Moore (2021)

Thomas Moore, regarded as a leading poet during his lifetime and probably best remembered for his Irish melodies, occasionally turned his literary skills to the political satire. In 1826 and 1827 he contributed many verses to the The Times, for which he received £400 a year. As well as the Mills, the Westminster Review enjoyed the support of several up-and-coming middle-class radicals, including George Grote, Albany Fonblanque, W. J. Fox and John Roebuck. Moore's skilfully constructed sally mocks a number of figures then associated with Bentham. The satirical thrust of J. S. Mill writing on 'Hints to Breeders' alludes to events when Mill was seventeen, probably in the summer of the 1823. The Westminster's editor, also a member of Bentham's circle, John Bowring, was a merchant of radical views and a growing reputation as a writer. His commercial activities had led to several visits across the Europe.
A combination of naso- and oropharyngeal swabs improves the diagnostic yield of respiratory viruses in adult emergency department patients (2019)

Adding an oropharynx sample to a nasopharynx sample increased the diagnostic yield of respiratory viruses. Oropharyngeal sampling was well tolerated.
Rubidium and Cesium Recovery from Brine Resources (2014)

In this paper, the methods for rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) recovery from brines including salt lake brine, geothermal water and concentrated seawater were summarized, and the main problems existed were also pointed out. More details for Rb and Cs recovery from salt lake brines through fractional precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction were discussed, and the new trend for Rb and Cs recovery in the future were also carried out.
Sex Ratio (2016)

Abstract A sex ratio is defined as the number of men relative to the number of women in any given population. Unequal sex ratios have sociological causes and consequences, which are tightly linked to family formation, marriage quality, and gender inequality in general. Scholars have predicted the consequences of unequal sex ratios through theories of social exchange, evolutional psychology, and tokenism. Further, examples of the impacts of unequal sex ratios are evident from around the world, including delayed or forgone marriage, and marital disillusionment. Future research should further examine the consequences of unequal sex ratios, their causes, and policy interventions.
Molecular monitoring of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using antigen receptor gene rearrangements and quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology. (2005)

The use of minimal residual disease (MRD) measurement as a surrogate marker of molecular response to treatment can potentially improve the evaluation of treatment response and enable estimates of the residual leukemic cell burden during clinical remission, thereby improving the selection of therapeutic strategies and, possibly, long-term clinical outcome. The most specific and sensitive methods for MRD monitoring currently available are polymerase chain reaction amplification of rearranged immunoglobulin and antigen-receptor genes, and flow cytometric detection of aberrant immunophenotypes. Several retrospective studies have demonstrated the strong association between MRD and risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), irrespective of the methodology used. The promising results on the predictivity of MRD evaluation at the end of induction treatment has challenged the need for a new definition of remission. There is now urgent need to incorporate MRD data into clinical studies, properly designed to address treatment questions, in order to explore whether a better tailored treatment would result in further improvement in cure rates for children with ALL. However, several critical issues must be resolved before MRD determinations can be routinely considered in clinical decision making.
Efficacy of the Treatment of Infectious Diarrhoea with Non-Absorbable Rifamycin SV Formulated as MMX Modified Release Tablet vs. Rifaximin (2013)

Background: The non absorbable antibiotic rifamycin SV newly formulated as modified colonic release MMX® tablets was preliminarily investigated. Methods: In a multi-centre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, parallelgroup study, efficacy and safety of the 200 mg tablets were investigated vs. rifaximin 200 mg tablets in infectious diarrhoea. Results: 22 rifamycin SV recipients (47.8%) were successes, whilst 24 (52.5%) discontinued. In the reference group 27 (50.9%) were successes, whilst 26 (49.1%) discontinued. The median time to last unformed stool was 67.5 h after rifamycin SV and 65.5 h after rifaximin. Conclusions: The efficacy of the new tablets was not significantly different from that of rifaximin administered 4 times a day for 3 days. The treatments did not differ in rate or frequency of therapeutic success. Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and lari, Escherichia coli, Anaerobiospirillum, Salmonella enteritidis and Shigella flexneri found at pre-treatment were not retrievable after rifamycin SV. Keywords: Infectious diarrhoea, MMX, non-absorbable antibiotics, rifamycin SV, rifaximin.
Rhythm map: Extraction of unit rhythmic patterns and analysis of rhythmic structure from music acoustic signals (2009)

This paper discusses an approach to extract constituent percussive bar-long patterns in a music piece given as acoustic signal and to analyze the music structure with a map of constituent rhythmic patterns. Possible applications include music genre classification, music information retrieval (MIR) and music modification such as replacing rhythmic patterns with others. We propose a mathematical method based on One-pass DP algorithm and k-means clustering to extract unit percussive rhythmic patterns. As the result of identifying and localization the unit patterns in the entire piece, we obtained a music structure in the form of a map of rhythmic patterns.
Epidemiology of Campylobacter pylori infection: ethnic considerations. (1988)

A proper perspective of the association of Campylobacter pylori with various diseases can be achieved only when the incidence of C. pylori infection in the normal population is known. We used the 13C urea breath test (a simple, specific, noninvasive, safe, and reproducible method to assess the presence of active C. pylori infection) to compare the frequency of C. pylori infection in healthy young adults from three areas of the world. We studied 26 women and 32 men (ages 20 to 29): 29 from the United States, 10 from China, 6 from Mexico, and 13 from India. All foreign nationals had been in the United States 5 years or less. The frequency of C. pylori infection was 21%, 67%, 33% and 46%, for those from the U.S., China, Mexico and India, respectively. Although, we found no difference in the frequency of C. pylori infection among ethnic groups from North America (U.S. citizens compared with citizens of Mexico), all individuals studied were of middle to upper class socioeconomic status. Subsequent studies will investigate whether the prevalence of C. pylori infection is different in economically disadvantaged populations. Our results suggest that there may be major differences in the age-related frequency of C. pylori infection in individuals from different parts of the world.
A Machine Learning Based Framework for Verification and Validation of Massive Scale Image Data (2017)

Big data validation and system verification are crucial for ensuring the quality of big data applications. However, a rigorous technique for such tasks is yet to emerge. During the past decade, we have developed a big data system called CMA for investigating the classification of biological cells based on cell morphology which is captured in diffraction images. CMA includes a collection of scientific software tools, machine learning algorithms, and a large-scale cell image repository. In order to ensure the quality of big data system CMA, we developed a framework for rigorously validating the massive scale image data as well as adequately verifying both the software tools and machine learning algorithms. The validation of big data is conducted by iteratively selecting the data using a machine learning approach. An experimental approach guided by a feature selection algorithm is introduced in the framework to select an optimal feature set for improving the machine learning performance. The verification of software and algorithms is developed on the iterative metamorphic testing approach due to the non-testable property of the software and algorithms. A machine learning approach is introduced for developing test oracles iteratively to ensure the adequacy of the test coverage criteria. Performance of the machine learning algorithm is evaluated with a stratified N-fold cross validation and confusion matrix. We describe the design of the proposed big data verification and validation framework with CMA as the case study, and demonstrate its effectiveness through verifying and validating the dataset, the software and the algorithms in CMA.
Transputer network for dynamic control of multiple manipulators (2002)

The design of a high-performance, real-time control system based on multiple processors is described. The hardware system is developed using Occam and the Transputer Development System. The main focus is on how to construct a modular hardware or software system for developing a flexible, powerful, and convenient real time controller. A proposed method is applied to a robotic control system, and good performance is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of the <i>Bacillus anthracis gyrA</i> Gene by Using a Minor Groove Binder Probe (2004)

ABSTRACT Identification of chromosomal markers for rapid detection of Bacillus anthracis is difficult because significant chromosomal homology exists among B. anthracis , Bacillus cereus , and Bacillus thuringiensis . We evaluated the bacterial gyrA gene as a potential chromosomal marker for B. anthracis . A real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of B. anthracis . After analysis of the unique nucleotide sequence of the B. anthracis gyrA gene, a fluorescent 3′ minor groove binding probe was tested with 171 organisms from 29 genera of bacteria, including 102 Bacillus strains. The assay was found to be specific for all 43 strains of B. anthracis tested. In addition, a test panel of 105 samples was analyzed to evaluate the potential diagnostic capability of the assay. The assay showed 100% specificity, demonstrating the usefulness of the gyrA gene as a specific chromosomal marker for B. anthracis .
An Atlas of Vagal Sensory Neurons and Their Molecular Specialization (2019)

Sensory functions of the vagus nerve are critical for conscious perceptions and for monitoring visceral functions in the cardio-pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. Here, we present a comprehensive identification, classification, and validation of the neuron types in the neural crest (jugular) and placode (nodose) derived vagal ganglia by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomic analysis. Our results reveal major differences between neurons derived from different embryonic origins. Jugular neurons exhibit fundamental similarities to the somatosensory spinal neurons, including major types, such as C-low threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs), A-LTMRs, Aδ-nociceptors, and cold-, and mechano-heat C-nociceptors. In contrast, the nodose ganglion contains 18 distinct types dedicated to surveying the physiological state of the internal body. Our results reveal a vast diversity of vagal neuron types, including many previously unanticipated types, as well as proposed types that are consistent with chemoreceptors, nutrient detectors, baroreceptors, and stretch and volume mechanoreceptors of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems.
Inflammatory Mediator Response as a Potential Risk Marker for Periodontal Diseases in Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients (1997)

T he gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and monocytic secretion of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) were measured in a group of 39 insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and 64 systemically healthy individuals. Diabetics were divided into Group A (gingivitis or mild periodontal disease) and Group B (moderate or severe periodontal disease). Diabetics had significantly higher GCF levels of both PGE 2 and IL‐1β as compared to non‐diabetic controls who were matched with regard to periodontal disease severity ( P < 0.00001 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Within the diabetic population, the GCF levels of these inflammatory mediators were almost 2‐fold higher in Group B as compared to Group A ( P = 0.01, P = 0.006, respectively for GCF‐PGE 2 and IL‐1β). Furthermore, diabetics as a group had a significantly higher monocytic PGE 2 and IL‐1β production in response to various concentrations of both Escherichia coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as compared to non‐diabetic patients with adult periodontitis ( P = 0.0001). LPS dose‐response curves demonstrated that monocytes from Group B diabetics produced approximately 3 times more PGE 2 than Group A monocytes; however, there was no significant difference in monocytic IL‐1β secretion within the IDDM patients. The levels of GCF or monocytic mediators did not correlate with age, race, or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1C ) levels. Our data suggest that the high GCF and monocytic secretion of PGE 2 and IL‐1β in IDDM patients may be a consequence of a systemic response trait and that the presence of Gram‐negative infections such as periodontal diseases may interact synergistically to yield high local levels of these mediators and a more severe periodontal condition. J Periodontol 1997;68:127–135 .