gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD40 Ligand (CD154) Enhances the Th1 and Antibody Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the BALB/c Mouse (2000)

Abstract CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a cell surface costimulatory molecule expressed mainly by activated T cells. CD40L is critically important for T-B cell and T cell-dendritic cell interactions. CD40L expression promotes Th1 cytokine responses to protein Ags and is responsible for Ig isotype switching in B cells. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important pathogen of young children and the elderly, which causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Studies of mice infected with RSV suggest that a Th2 cytokine response may be responsible for enhanced pulmonary disease. To investigate the effect CD40L has on RSV immunity, mice were infected simultaneously with RSV and either an empty control adenovirus vector or one expressing CD40L or were coimmunized with plasmid DNA vectors expressing CD40L and RSV F and/or G proteins and subsequently challenged with RSV. The kinetics of the intracellular and secreted cytokine responses, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequency, NO levels in lung lavage, rates of virus clearance, and anti-RSV Ab titers were determined. These studies show that coincident expression of CD40L enhances the Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) cytokine responses, increases the expression of TNF-α and NO, accelerates virus clearance, and increases the anti-F and anti-G Ab responses. These data suggest that CD40L may have the adjuvant properties needed to optimize the safety and efficacy of RSV vaccines.
Oil palm vegetation liquor: a new source of phenolic bioactives (2011)

Waste from agricultural products represents a disposal liability, which needs to be addressed. Palm oil is the most widely traded edible oil globally, and its production generates 85 million tons of aqueous by-products annually. This aqueous stream is rich in phenolic antioxidants, which were investigated for their composition and potential in vitro biological activity. We have identified three isomers of caffeoylshikimic acid as major components of oil palm phenolics (OPP). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay confirmed potent free radical scavenging activity. To test for possible cardioprotective effects of OPP, we carried out in vitro LDL oxidation studies as well as ex vivo aortic ring and mesenteric vascular bed relaxation measurements. We found that OPP inhibited the Cu-mediated oxidation of human LDL. OPP also promoted vascular relaxation in both isolated aortic rings and perfused mesenteric vascular beds pre-contracted with noradrenaline. To rule out developmental toxicity, we performed teratological studies on rats up to the third generation and did not find any congenital anomalies. Thus, these initial studies suggest that OPP is safe and may have a protective role against free radical damage, LDL oxidation and its attendant negative effects, as well as vascular constriction in mitigating atherosclerosis. Oil palm vegetation liquor thus represents a new source of phenolic bioactives.
Continuous coaxial cable sensors for monitoring of RC structures with electrical time domain reflectometry (2003)

This study was aimed at developing and validating a new type of coaxial cable sensors that can be used to detect cracks or measure strains in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The new sensors were designed based on the change in outer conductor configuration under strain effects in contrast to the geometry-based design in conventional coaxial cable sensors. Both numerical simulations and calibration tests with strain gauges of a specific design of the proposed cables were conducted to study the cables' sensitivity. Four designs of the proposed type of sensors were then respectively mounted near the surface of six 3-foot-long RC beams. They were tested in bending to further validate the cables' sensitivity in concrete members. The calibration test results generally agree with the numerical simulations. They showed that the proposed sensors are over 10~50 times more sensitive than conventional cable sensors. The test results of the beams not only validate the sensitivity of the new sensors but also indicate a good correlation with the measured crack width.
Synchronizable Databases for the Web (2000)

SILS in urology has proven to be safe and feasible in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons, using specially designed ports and instruments in selected patients.
Optimising Flash non-volatile memory using machine learning (2012)

While near ubiquitous, the physical principles of Flash memory mean that its performance degrades with use. During fabrication and operation, its ability to be repeatedly programmed/erased (endurance) needs to be balanced with its ability to store information over months/years (retention).
<title>The X pinch as an x-ray source for point-projection radiography</title> (2005)

Two methods of using the X pinch as a source of X-ray radiation for the radiography of dense plasmas and other objects are presented. These methods do not use pinholes, instead taking advantage of the small source size (<1 mm, and in some cases <1 pm) and short X-ray emission duration (< 2 ns , and < 20 ps in some cases) of the X pinch radiation. Detailed measurements of the emission characteristics of X pinches made using different wire materials and in different energy ranges using a set of X-ray diagnostics with high temporal and spatial resolution are presented. Several applications of the X pinch are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL NONPHENOL OXIDATIVE COUPLING (1973)

Abstract Papaverin (I) wird bei der Oxidation mit VOF 3 in Trifluoressigsäure intermolekular zu dem Bis‐Molekül (II) gekuppelt, (i)‐Laudanosin (IIIa) dagegen durch intramolekulare Kupplung zu (i)‐Glaucin (IVa) cyclisiert.
Novel Ultraviolet Light Absorbing Polymers For Optical Applications (1988)

Ultraviolet light absorbing monomers have been developed that can be copolymerized with acrylates. The composition of the resultant stable copolymers can be adjusted to totally block the transmission of light below about 430 nm. Fabrication of lenses from the materials is accomplished by lathe cutting and injection molding procedures. These ultraviolet light absorbing materials are non-mutagenic and non-toxic and are currently being used in intraocular lenses.
Exploring an Alternative Cysteine-Reactive Chemistry to Enable Proteome-Wide PPI Analysis by Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry (2023)

The development of MS-cleavable cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has enabled the effective capture and identification of endogenous protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and their residue contacts at the global scale without cell engineering. So far, only lysine-reactive cross-linkers have been successfully applied for proteome-wide PPI profiling. However, lysine cross-linkers alone cannot uncover the complete PPI map in cells. Previously, we have developed a maleimide-based cysteine-reactive MS-cleavable cross-linker (bismaleimide sulfoxide (BMSO)) that is effective for mapping PPIs of protein complexes to yield interaction contacts complementary to lysine-reactive reagents. While successful, the hydrolysis and limited selectivity of maleimides at physiological pH make their applications in proteome-wide XL-MS challenging. To enable global PPI mapping, we have explored an alternative cysteine-labeling chemistry and thus designed and synthesized a sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable haloacetamide-based cross-linker, Dibromoacetamide sulfoxide (DBrASO). Our results have demonstrated that DBrASO cross-linked peptides display the same fragmentation characteristics as other sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable cross-linkers, permitting their unambiguous identification by MS<i><sup>n</sup></i>. In combination with a newly developed two-dimensional peptide fractionation method, we have successfully performed DBrASO-based XL-MS analysis of HEK293 cell lysates and demonstrated its capability to complement lysine-reactive reagents and expand PPI coverage at the systems-level.
Amphiphilic Networks (1991)

Amphiphilic networks comprising poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) linked (1) by polyisobutylene (PIB) segments have been synthesized by radical copolymerization of 2-(trimethylsiloxy)ethyl methacrylate (TMSEMA) with methacrylate-telechelic PIB (MA-PIBMA) followed by acid catalyzed removal of the trimethylsilyl groups. Conditions have been optimized for the synthesis of two series of PHEMA-1-PIB networks of various compositions. DSC traces exhibit a high and a low temperature Tg (i.e., from 98 to 111 °C and from -61 to -54 °C, respectively) which indicates microphase separation into PHEMA and PIB domains. The amphiphilic and co-continuous nature of PHEMA-1-PIB networks was demonstrated by swelling both in n-heptane and water. The dry networks are transparent tough products; after swelling with water or n-heptane the swollen gels still exhibit satisfactory properties for diverse manipulation. Drug delivery systems were prepared by loading the networks with theophylline. Release studies indicate sustained drug delivery with anomalous diffusion kinetics.
Towards End-to-end Spoken Language Understanding (2018)

Spoken language understanding system is traditionally designed as a pipeline of a number of components. First, the audio signal is processed by an automatic speech recognizer for transcription or n-best hypotheses. With the recognition results, a natural language understanding system classifies the text to structured data as domain, intent and slots for down-streaming consumers, such as dialog system, hands-free applications. These components are usually developed and optimized independently. In this paper, we present our study on an end-to-end learning system for spoken language understanding. With this unified approach, we can infer the semantic meaning directly from audio features without the intermediate text representation. This study showed that the trained model can achieve reasonable good result and demonstrated that the model can capture the semantic attention directly from the audio features.
PC‐based system for retrospective cardiac and respiratory gating of NMR data (1990)

A method and a means for retrospectively clustering NMR k-space measurement profiles with respect to both cardiac and respiratory phases were developed to explore strategies for (1) reducing cardiovascular and respiratory flow/motion image artifacts and (2) improving T1 and T2 characterization of the heart. The image data are collected at a uniform rate so that echo (TE) and repetition (TR) times are independent of the varying cardiac cycle R-R interval and/or respiratory motions. Cardiac (C) time, respiratory (R) time or diaphragm position, and NMR data acquisition (A) cycle time are collected by microcomputer in parallel with free running (untriggered) image collection on a standard magnetic resonance imager. After the raw data equivalent of multiple images are collected, the C-A-R phase timing data are uploaded from the microcomputer to the scanner's minicomputer for use in a normalized C-R phase plane clustering of the image raw data. Each profile's position in the C-R phase plane is determined and then clustered into a new set of data, one image being equivalent for each desired C-R phase combination. These raw data are then zero-filled and (optionally) filtered to compensate for the nonuniform k-space sampling and, finally, reconstructed. Cardiac "cines" made from these retrospectively gated images are comparable to similarly phased triggered images. When high time resolution is required, retrospective gating can be expected to show improvements over triggering, especially toward the critical latter part of the cardiac cycle, where coronary artery filling occurs. The system described can readily be assembled from generally available components.
Leveraging coherent distributed space-time codes for noncoherent communication in relay networks via training (2009)

For point to point multiple input multiple output systems, Dayal-Brehler-Varanasi have proved that training codes achieve the same diversity order as that of the underlying coherent space time block code (STBC) if a simple minimum mean squared error estimate of the channel formed using the training part is employed for coherent detection of the underlying STBC. In this letter, a similar strategy involving a combination of training, channel estimation and detection in conjunction with existing coherent distributed STBCs is proposed for noncoherent communication in amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks. Simulation results show that the proposed simple strategy outperforms distributed differential space-time coding for AF relay networks. Finally, the proposed strategy is extended to asynchronous relay networks using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.
Giant-chirp fiber oscillators (2010)

Recent work has shown that stable, highly-chirped pulses can be generated by all-normal-dispersion fiber lasers. Pulses in the ~100-ps range but with bandwidth to support ~500-fs pulses are produced, with energies of tens of nanojoules and at repetition rates of 1 MHz and below. The chirped pulses can be compressed to near the transform limit. Lasers that produce pulses with such giant chirp should greatly simplify chirped-pulse fiber amplifiers. After a brief review of fiber lasers based on dissipative solitons, recent developments will be summarized.
Radiation transport requirements for clinical applications of neutron capture therapy: The rtt-MC Monte Carlo module (1995)

The rtt-MC dose calculation module of the BNCT-Rtpe treatment planning system has been developed specifically for boron neutron cancer therapy. Due to the complicated nature of combined gamma, fast-, epithermal- and thermal-energy neutron transport in tissue, all approaches to treatment planning to date for this treatment modality rely on Monte Carlo or three-dimensional discrete ordinates methods. Simple, fast and accurate methods for this modality have simply not been developed. In this paper the authors discuss some of the unique attributes of this therapy and the approaches they have used to begin to merge into clinical applications. As this paper is under draft, the modern implementation of boron neutron cancer therapy in the US is being realized. Research of skin and tumor effect for superficial melanoma of the extremities has been initiated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and brain cancer therapy (using this planning system) has begun at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Optical reflectance spectroscopy for detection of human prostate cancer (2009)

We present the method and application of optical reflectance spectroscopy to differentiate prostate cancer from normal tissue using a needle like, bifurcated, fiber-optic probe. An analytical expression to model light reflectance recently published by Zonios et. al. was used to derive optical properties of tissue. A total of 23 cases of human prostate specimens were investigated to analyze statistical differences between the respective cancerous tissues versus normal tissues. The results demonstrate that the derived hemodynamic parameters and optical properties can serve as good bio-markers to differentiate tumor tissue from normal tissue in human prostate.
Two-step scheduling framework for space-wavelength modular optical interconnection networks (2010)

Current interconnection architectures based on electronics are approaching their physical limitations especially in terms of interconnection wiring and power density. To overcome these issues, the flexibility and the scalability of optical technologies can be exploited. This paper considers a modular optical interconnection architecture that consists of multiple cards, supporting a fixed number of ports and interconnected through a passive optical backplane. A two-step scheduling framework (TSS) is proposed, which exploits the modularity of the architecture and the existing scheduling algorithms, while satisfying the peculiar scheduling constraints of the architecture. In TSS, an intra-card step decides the wavelength switching configuration and then an inter-card step decides the space switching configuration. Each step can be run in parallel, on the cards and on the wavelengths, respectively. TSS is compared against a single-step scheduler suitable for non-modular architectures, under different traffic patterns and architecture configurations. TSS performs better in terms of lower packet delay, higher throughput and lower computational complexity. Finally, the possibility of increasing the packet transfer rate (transfer speedup) can be included in TSS without additional complexity and is especially beneficial for the bursty and skewed traffic patterns, typically experienced in real scenarios.
Switching layer engineering for memristive devices (2014)

We used reactive sputtering as a tool to deposit transition metal oxide materials with tunable chemical composition and electrical properties. We further developed heterogeneous bilayer memristive devices with designed switching properties. Finally, we developed a low voltage memristive based on chemically produced, 1 nm thick silicon oxide.
Inherited determinants of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis phenotypes: a genetic association study (2015)

International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium members funding sources (see Acknowledgments for full list).
Demonstration of demultiplexing in high speed OTDM systems using a two photon absorption based switch (2002)

A demultiplexer based on two-photon absorption in a commercial laser diode has been used to demonstrate essentially error free switching and detection of individual channels from an 80 Gbit/s optical-time-division-multiplexed data stream.
Virtual reality-enhanced ultrasound guidance: A novel technique for intracardiac interventions (2008)

Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, although a highly invasive interventional approach leading to numerous complications, is still the most common therapy option for treating many forms of cardiac disease. We are currently engaged in a project designed to replace many bypass surgeries with less traumatic, minimally invasive intracardiac therapies. This project combines real-time intra-operative echocardiography with a virtual reality environment providing the surgeon with a broad range of valuable information. Pre-operative images, electrophysiological data, positions of magnetically tracked surgical instruments, and dynamic surgical target representations are among the data that can be presented to the surgeon to augment intra-operative ultrasound images. This augmented reality system is applicable to procedures such as mitral valve replacement and atrial septal defect repair, as well as ablation therapies for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Our goal is to develop a robust augmented reality system that will improve the efficacy of intracardiac treatments and broaden the range of cardiac surgeries that can be performed in a minimally invasive manner. This paper provides an overview of our interventional system and specific experiments that assess its pre-clinical performance.
Control Scheme for Moving-Picture Coding using the Multi-Encoder System. (1996)

This paper describes a control scheme for the multi-encoder system that transmits multiple video signals under the unified control of each encoder. First, the rate-distortion characteristics of the MC+DCT (MPEG) encoder are analyzed. We show that the rate-distortion characteristics can be represented by a simple power function. Based on this function, a bit-rate distribution rule for multiple encoders and a method of applying this to moving pictures is proposed. A computer simulation using real moving pictures shows that the proposed scheme reduces the total distortion of the system as well as probability of severe distortion which occurs in the case of a “difficult” picture, as compared with the non bit-rate distribution method.
Pinning, ordering, and dynamics of vortices in conformal crystal and gradient pinning arrays (2014)

We numerically investigate magnetization, pinning, ordering, and dynamics of vortices interacting with pinning arrangements which have a density gradient. We focus on conformal crystal structures obtained by conformally transforming a spatially uniform periodic array, as well as nonconformal gradient structures and structures with quasiperiodic order. The conformal structures feature a density gradient and local ordering. Using magnetization simulations we find that conformal pinning arrays exhibit enhanced pinning compared to nonconformal gradient arrays as well as compared to random, periodic, and quasiperiodic arrays, for a broad range of fields. The effectiveness of conformal arrays arises from the continuum of length scales introduced into the arrays by the conformal transformation, allowing for a broad range of local commensuration effects. At higher vortex fillings above the range of conformal effectiveness, we show that a nonconformal rectangular gradient array exhibits strong pinning due to a novel commensuration effect and vortex ordering. Using transport simulations where vortices are driven along the gradient and at an angle to the gradient, we confirm the effectiveness of conformal pinning at increasing the critical current. For a rotated drive, the gradient arrays produce a strong vortex guidance effect in the direction perpendicular to the gradient.
<title>Native cellular fluorescence characteristics of normal and malignant epithelial cells from human larynx</title> (1997)

Many applications of native fluorescence spectroscopy of intrinsic biomolecules such as Try, Tyr, Phe, NADH and FAD are reported on both the characterization and the discrimination of malignant tissues from the normal. In the field of diagnostic oncology, extensive studies have been made to distinguish the normal from malignant condition in breast, cervix, colon and bronchus. From the studies made by Alfano and co-workers, it was found that the emission at 340 and 440 nm under UV excitation have shown statistically significant difference between normal and malignant tissues. As tissues are highly complex in nature, it is worth to known whether the changes arise from cells or from other extracellular tissue components, so as to enable us to have better understanding on the transformation mechanism of normal into malignant and to go for an improved approach in the effective optical diagnosis. In this context, the present study addresses the question of whether there are differences in the native cellular fluorescence characteristics between normal and malignant epithelial cells from human larynx. With this aim, the UV fluorescence emission spectra in the wavelength region of excitation between 270 - 310 nm and the excitation spectra for 340 nm emission were measured and analyzed. In order to quantify the altered fluorescence signal between the normal and malignant cells, different ratio parameters were introduced.
Metal Carbonyls: A New Class of Pharmaceuticals? (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Piezoelectric Properties of Bi<sub>3</sub>TiNbO<sub>9</sub>–BaBi<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Ceramics (2001)

Piezoelectric properties of lead-free bismuth layer structure oxides, (1- x )Bi 3 TiNbO 9 (BTN)– x BaBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 (BBN) ( m =2) ceramics, have been studied. We have observed large piezoelectric properties for x values between 0.1 and 0.3. Within this range of x values, these specimens have an orthorhombic structure, high anisotropy of the a and b axes and high resistivity. Also, for these samples, a large coercive force ( E c ) of 8.0 kV/mm, large remanent polarization ( P r ) of 7.1 µC/cm 2 at 200°C and high Curie temperatures ( T c ) of 700–900°C have been obtained. Maximum mechanical quality factor ( Q m ) of 9000 at 16 MHz thickness extensional third vibration mode (TE3rd) has been measured.