gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high concentration metal vapour beam for lasers (1984)

A compact sputtering device uses a supersonic flow of argon to produce a collimated beam (semi-divergence angle 3 degrees , diameter approximately 10 mm, beam length 200 mm) of metal vapour with a ground state concentration of the order of 1014 cm-3. The concentration increases as the square of the discharge current density over the range 0 to 600 mA cm-2. The gas flow decouples the processes responsible for the sputtering and subsequent excitation of the metal atoms, allowing separate discharges and independent control of the metal atom concentration and of the excitation discharge current. The proposed model describes the influence of the gas flow on an abnormal glow discharge in terms of an effective pressure. This allows the existing theory of the cathode fall to be applied to a glow discharge with a gas flow.
Test generation for mixed-signal devices using signal flow graphs (2002)

We describe a new reverse simulation approach to analog and mixed-circuit test generation that parallels the digital test generation process. We invert the signal flow graph of the analog circuit, reverse simulate it with good and bad machine outputs, and obtain component tolerances, given circuit output tolerances. The inverted graph lets us backtrace from analog outputs to get analog input sinusoids that justify them. Mixed-signal circuits are easily tested using this approach, and we present test generation results for three analog circuits and two mixed-signal circuits. This analog backtrace method can generate tests for high-order analog circuits and non-linear circuits, which cannot be handled by existing methods because they lack a fault model and a backtrace method.
Antagonizing the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 with antalarmin reduces the progression of endometriosis (2018)

Abstract Endometriosis is a disorder in which endometrial tissue is found outside the uterus causing pain, infertility and stress. Finding an effective and long-term treatment for endometriosis still remains one of the most significant challenges in the field. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is one of the main signaling peptides within the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis released in response to stress. CRH can affect nervous and visceral tissues such as the uterus and gut via activation of two types of CRH receptors: CRHR1 and CRHR2. Our aim was to determine if blocking CRHR1 with antalarmin will reduce endometriosis progression. First, we induced endometriosis in female rats by suturing uterine horn tissue next to the intestinal mesentery and allowed to progress for 7 days. We determined that after 7 days, there was a significant increase in CRHR1 within endometriotic vesicles as compared to normal uterus. A second group of rats received endometriosis but also antalarmin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) during the first 7 days after surgery. As separate group of sham surgery rats served as controls. Endometriosis was allowed to progress until 60 days after surgery. At time of sacrifice, rats were tested for anxiety behaviors and endometriotic vesicles, and uterus were collected. Rats with endometriosis that received antalarmin significantly reduced the size (67% decrease) and number (30% decrease) of endometriotic vesicles. Antalarmin also prevented the increase in CRH and CRHR1 within endometriotic vesicles but not of glucocorticoid receptor. Behaviorally, endometriosis increased anxiety in the zero-maze test but antalarmin did not modify it. Our data provides the first demonstration for the effective use on CRHR1 antagonist for the treatment of endometriosis with promising effects for long-term therapy of this debilitating disease.
Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Based Nanoparticle-Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs) for Advanced Heat Transfer Fluids (2012)

Herein we describe the chemical and physical properties of Nanoparticle Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs) and highlight their potential as novel heat transfer fluids. The Ionic Liquids (ILs) contain the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide anion and a variety of imidazolium cations. Alumina nanoparticles were added to ILs and increased the heat capacity above that for the ILs. This report discusses our current results with characterizing NEILs and evaluating the corrosion behavior of a target IL against common materials.
Shadow write and read for at-speed BIST of TDM SRAMs (2002)

Time Domain Multiplex (TDM) SRAMs are a new type of multi-port SRAMs. Due to their small area and flexibility, they have found a wide range of applications in telecommunication ASICs. For a TDM SRAM, the memory core runs many times faster than the circuits that access it. In other words, the memory runs at an internal clock that is much faster than the system clock. This slow system clock coupled with the fast internal clock creates new challenges for at-speed testing of TDM SRAMs. This paper proposes a novel BIST solution for at-speed testing of TDM SRAMs with a slow system clock. The solution can be implemented with most commercial BIST controllers for conventional SRAMs. All the required modifications can be included in a modified memory collar The hardware addition is small. The test time is the same as that for a conventional multi-port SRAM of the same size.
An integrated hardware-software approach to flexible transactional memory (2007)

There has been considerable recent interest in both hardware andsoftware transactional memory (TM). We present an intermediateapproach, in which hardware serves to accelerate a TM implementation controlled fundamentally by software. Specifically, we describe an alert on update mechanism (AOU) that allows a thread to receive fast, asynchronous notification when previously-identified lines are written by other threads, and a programmable data isolation mechanism (PDI) that allows a thread to hide its speculative writes from other threads, ignoring conflicts, until software decides to make them visible. These mechanisms reduce bookkeeping, validation, and copying overheads without constraining software policy on a host of design decisions. We have used AOU and PDI to implement a hardwareacceleratedsoftware transactional memory system we call RTM. We have also used AOU alone to create a simpler "RTM-Lite". Across a range of microbenchmarks, RTM outperforms RSTM, a publicly available software transactional memory system, by as much as 8.7x (geometric mean of 3.5x) in single-thread mode. At 16 threads, it outperforms RSTM by as much as 5x, with an average speedup of 2x. Performance degrades gracefully when transactions overflow hardware structures. RTM-Lite is slightly faster than RTM for transactions that modify only small objects; full RTM is significantly faster when objects are large. In a strongargument for policy flexibility, we find that the choice between eager (first-access) and lazy (commit-time) conflict detection can lead to significant performance differences in both directions, depending on application characteristics.
Closed-loop optical stabilization and digital image registration in adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (2014)

Eye motion is a major impediment to the efficient acquisition of high resolution retinal images with the adaptive optics (AO) scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). Here we demonstrate a solution to this problem by implementing both optical stabilization and digital image registration in an AOSLO. We replaced the slow scanning mirror with a two-axis tip/tilt mirror for the dual functions of slow scanning and optical stabilization. Closed-loop optical stabilization reduced the amplitude of eye-movement related-image motion by a factor of 10–15. The residual RMS error after optical stabilization alone was on the order of the size of foveal cones: ~1.66–2.56 μm or ~0.34–0.53 arcmin with typical fixational eye motion for normal observers. The full implementation, with real-time digital image registration, corrected the residual eye motion after optical stabilization with an accuracy of ~0.20–0.25 μm or ~0.04–0.05 arcmin RMS, which to our knowledge is more accurate than any method previously reported.
6-Hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>)-dione Derivatives as Novel <scp>d</scp>-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitors (2015)

A series of 2-substituted 6-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione derivatives were synthesized as inhibitors of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). Many compounds in this series were found to be potent DAAO inhibitors, with IC50 values in the double-digit nanomolar range. The 6-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione pharmacophore appears metabolically resistant to O-glucuronidation unlike other structurally related DAAO inhibitors. Among them, 6-hydroxy-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 11h was found to be selective over a number of targets and orally available in mice. Furthermore, oral coadministration of D-serine with 11h enhanced the plasma levels of D-serine in mice compared to the oral administration of D-serine alone, demonstrating its ability to serve as a pharmacoenhancer of D-serine.
Phase Retrieval in Tabletop Radar Range (2020)

We are describing the capability to measure the phase of the return signal in a tabletop radar range. The radar rage has a scale factor of 100,000 which allows to use near IR wavelength instead of radio frequency. Accurate scale models are manufactured using multiphoton 3D printer with nanometric resolution. We demonstrated that using phase shifting interferometry, this radar range can retrieve the phase of the radar cross section of complex objects similar to SAR or ISAR radar systems.
Anisotropic magnetism in field-structured composites (2000)

Magnetic field-structured composites (FSCs) are made by structuring magnetic particle suspensions in uniaxial or biaxial (e.g., rotating) magnetic fields, while polymerizing the suspending resin. A uniaxial field produces chainlike particle structures, and a biaxial field produces sheetlike particle structures. In either case, these anisotropic structures affect the measured magnetic hysteresis loops, with the magnetic remanence and susceptibility increased significantly along the axis of the structuring field, and decreased slightly orthogonal to the structuring field, relative to the unstructured particle composite. The coercivity is essentially unaffected by structuring. We present data for FSCs of magnetically soft particles, and demonstrate that the altered magnetism can be accounted for by considering the large local fields that occur in FSCs. FSCs of magnetically hard particles show unexpectedly large anisotropies in the remanence, and this is due to the local field effects in combination with the large crystalline anisotropy of this material.
Application of non-thermal plasmas to pollution control (1993)

Non-thermal plasma techniques can be used to destroy many types of hazardous molecules. They are particularly efficient when the toxic materials are present in very small concentrations. This paper discusses three particular applications of non-thermal plasmas: (1) decomposition of hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S), (2) removal of trichloroethylene (TCE), and (3) removal of nitric oxides (NO{sub x}) Emphasis is placed on the energy cost for implementing the decomposition or removal of these pollutants. Some of the factors affecting the energy cost are discussed. We discuss in detail our work at LLNL on pulsed plasma processing for the treatment of NO{sub x} in diesel engine exhaust. Our results suggest that our plasma reactor can remove up to 70% of NO{sub x} with relatively high initial concentrations (up to 500 ppM) at a power consumption cost of 2.5% for an engine with an output of 14 kill and an exhaust gas flow rate of 1200 liters per minute.
Preparation of Ordered Stacked Phthalocyanine Polymers through Olefin Metathesis Reaction (2001)

Novel phthalocyanine polymers 2 and 3 were prepared from two phthalocyanine monomers CuPc(−CHCH2)8 and CuPc(−CHCH2)2 bearing eight and two terminate olefin groups, respectively, through olefin metathesis reaction using a ruthenium initiator. The phthalocyanine moieties were contained in the polymer network and the main chain of the resulting phthalocyanine polymers. The polymerizations of the phthalocyanine monomers were monitored by UV−vis, NMR, MALDI-TOF-Ms, and GPC analyses. The structures of the resulting phthalocyanine polymers were studied in the solid state by X-ray diffraction measurement and transmission electron microscopy. A linear polymer 3 prepared from CuPc(−CHCH2)2 produced a rodlike nanostructure, in which the copper phthalocyanine moieties were stacked with the regular stacking distance.
Preparation and Activity of Recyclable Polymer-Supported Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2002)

The ruthenium catalysts (PCy3)2Ru(C(H)Ph)Cl2 (1), (PCy3)Ru(IMes)(C(H)Ph)Cl2 (2), (PCy3)Ru(SIMes)(C(H)Ph)Cl2 (3), (PCyp3)Ru(IMes)(CHCHC(CH3)2)Cl2 (4), and (PCy3)Ru(IPr)(3-phenylindenylid-1-ene)Cl2 (5), where IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, SIMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene, IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, Cy = cyclohexyl, and Cpy = cyclopentyl, have been grafted to polymer supports and found to be effective heterogeneous catalysts for ring-closing metathesis. In some cases, they are recyclable, show comparable reactivity to their homogeneous counterparts, tolerate functional groups, and perform very well with unsubstituted dienes.
Enhancing Dynamic Symbolic Execution by Automatically Learning Search Heuristics (2021)

We present a technique to automatically generate search heuristics for dynamic symbolic execution. A key challenge in dynamic symbolic execution is how to effectively explore the program's execution paths to achieve high code coverage in a limited time budget. Dynamic symbolic execution employs a search heuristic to address this challenge, which favors exploring particular types of paths that are most likely to maximize the final coverage. However, manually designing a good search heuristic is nontrivial and typically ends up with suboptimal and unstable outcomes. The goal of this paper is to overcome this shortcoming of dynamic symbolic execution by automatically learning search heuristics. We define a class of search heuristics, namely a parametric search heuristic, and present an algorithm that efficiently finds an optimal heuristic for each subject program. Experimental results with industrial-strength symbolic execution tools (e.g., KLEE) show that our technique can successfully generate search heuristics that significantly outperform existing manually-crafted heuristics in terms of branch coverage and bug-finding.
Experimental demonstration of phase-sensitive regeneration of a binary phase-shift keying channel without a phase-locked loop using Brillouin amplification (2016)

All-optical phase regeneration of a binary phase-shift keying signal is demonstrated at 10-30 Gb/s without a phase-locked loop in a phase-sensitive amplification-based system using Brillouin amplification of the idler. The system achieves phase noise reduction of up to 56% and up to 11 dB OSNR gain at 10<sup>-5</sup> bit error rate for the 10 Gb/s signal. The system's sensitivity to different parameters and stability is also evaluated.
Ultrasound Applications in Electrodiagnosis (2012)

This review article discusses the current scope of high-resolution diagnostic ultrasound in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disease, both as a complementary tool to electrodiagnosis and in some cases as a stand-alone imaging modality. Indications, limitations, potential for research, and training and credentialing are discussed. Indications include needle guidance for nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography, diagnosis of nerve entrapment, diagnostic muscle imaging via grayscale analysis, and dynamic real-time imaging, including sonopalpation, to provide additional diagnostic information. The role of neuromuscular ultrasound in research is discussed, including the need to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and cost-effectiveness of these techniques when they are used alone or in combination. Training and credentialing are reviewed, specifically noting the challenge of the lack of formal training programs and the relatively long, flat learning curve of diagnostic ultrasound.
INEL Spray-forming Research (1992)

Spray forming is a near-net-shape fabrication technology in which a spray of finely atomized liquid droplets is deposited onto a suitably shaped substrate or mold to produce a coherent solid. The technology offers unique opportunities for simplifying materials processing without sacrificing, and oftentimes substantially improving, product quality. Spray forming can be performed with a wide range of metals and nonmetals, and offers property improvements resulting from rapid solidification (e.g., refined microstructures, extended solid solubilities and reduced segregation). Economic benefits result from process simplification and the elimination of unit operations. Researchers at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) are developing spray-forming technology for producing near-net-shape solids and coatings of a variety of metals, polymers, and composite materials. Results from several spray forming programs are presented to illustrate the range of capabilities of the technique as well as the accompanying technical and economic benefits. Low-carbon steel strip greater than 0.75 mm thick and polymer membranes for gas/gas and liquid/liquid separations that were spray formed are discussed; recent advances in spray forming molds, dies, and other tooling using low-melting-point metals are described.
Featureless chaotic spread spectrum modulation of arbitrary data constellations (2011)

Chaotic spread spectrum communication systems provide a number of advantages for secure communications due to the apparent randomness of the underlying spreading signal. Many of these chaotic signals exhibit colored spectra, providing discernible features that enable their detection independent of the transmitted data. A recent digital chaotic circuit has been shown to exhibit a truly white spectrum in addition to apparent time-domain randomness. This maximal entropy characteristic supports Shannon's criteria for maximal channel capacity communication, low probability of interception/ detection (LPI/LPD), and a compact bandlimited white spectrum. Such a signal is featureless, susceptible only by energy detection. The disadvantage of such spread communication systems, one shared equally by all spread spectrum systems, is that the channel capacity is constrained by the bandwidth increases required for spreading gain. A traditional approach to increasing bandwidth efficiency is generalizing the modulated digital signaling constellation to include multiple levels of amplitude and phase modulation, which enhances exploitable cyclostationary features unless compensated. This paper presents a framework for adapting the maximal entropy digital chaotic signal to featureless chaotic spread spectrum modulation of arbitrary discrete-time discrete-amplitude data constellations, permitting higher throughputs in chaotic spread spectrum communication systems without sacrificing any of the maximum entropy characteristics that provide LPI/LPD.
Modeling and Analysis of a Dual-Active-Bridge-Isolated Bidirectional DC/DC Converter to Minimize RMS Current With Whole Operating Range (2017)

The triple phase shift (TPS) modulation scheme, which provides three control freedoms, is of great importance for the optimized operation of a dual active bridge (DAB) isolated bidirectional dc/dc converter. First of all, this paper introduces an accurate, universal model to describe the analytic expressions of the DAB converter under TPS control. Based on this, six operating modes of the DAB converter are further discussed. Afterwards, the concept of global optimal condition (GOC) equations is proposed to derive the closed form of analytic expressions of an optimal modulation scheme that makes the DAB converter operate with minimized root-mean-square (rms) current during whole power range with different operating modes. According to the GOC equations, the physical explanation of the proposed modulation scheme is further given in details, and the complex interaction among the control variables, the transferred power, and rms current is revealed. The real-time optimization process of the proposed method is also specified. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to a laboratory prototype. The experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis and practical feasibility of the proposed strategies.
Design for an Automated Tension Infiltrometer (1988)

Abstract An automated tension infiltrometer useful for a range of water tensions from 0.02 to 0.50 m and for infiltration rates of 1 × 10 −8 to 5 × 10 −4 m s 1 is described. Infiltration rates are calculated from the change in water height in a Mariotte column. Water height is automatically measured by using the difference in tension between two pressure transducers, one installed at the top, and the other at the bottom, of the Mariotte column. Precision of water height measurement using two transducers (SD = 2.2 mm) is increased as compared with height measurements made with only one transducer (SD = 6.2 mm). With only one transducer, much of the measurement error is due to tension fluctuations or “noise” caused by bubbling in the Mariotte column. The new design also incorporates several features used or suggested by other workers. A bubble tower is used for tension regulation, and interchangeable Mariotte columns of different diameters are used to match column volume with expected cumulative infiltration. Advantages of the new device include (i) quick and accurate tension control at low tensions, (ii) improved measurement precision at low flow rates, and (iii) automatic measurement and data collection, which increases measurement speed and eliminates bubbling‐induced variability.
Variation at position 350 in the Chikungunya virus 6K-E1 protein determines the sensitivity of detection in a rapid E1-antigen test (2018)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne pathogen, consists of three genotypes: East/Central/South African (ECSA), West African (WA), and Asian. Although a current rapid immunochromatographic (IC) test detecting CHIKV E1-antigen showed high sensitivity to ECSA-genotype viruses, it showed poor performance against the Asian-genotype virus that is spreading in the American continents. To understand the basis for the low performance of this IC test against Asian-genotype virus, we re-examined the anti-CHIKV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in the assay for their interaction with E1-antigen of the three CHIKV genotypes. We found that the reactivity of one mAb for Asian-genotype virus was lower than that for ECSA virus. Comparison of E1 amino acid sequences revealed that the ECSA virus used to generate these mAbs possesses glutamic acid (E) at position 350, in contrast to WA and Asian, which possess aspartic acid (D) at this position. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that the mutation altered mAb reactivity, since E-to-D substitution at position 350 in ECSA reduced recognition by the mAb, while D-to-E substitution at this position in Asian and WA increased affinity for the mAb. Taken together, these results indicate that residue 350 of the CHIKV 6K-E1 is a key element affecting the performance of this IC assay.