gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-based real-time visualization of realistic three-dimensional heat maps for mobile eye tracking and eye tracking in virtual reality (2016)

Heat maps, or more generally, attention maps or saliency maps are an often used technique to visualize eye-tracking data. With heat maps qualitative information about visual processing can be easily visualized and communicated between experts and laymen. They are thus a versatile tool for many disciplines, in particular for usability engineering, and are often used to get a first overview about recorded eye-tracking data.
Effect of bicarbonate on glutamine and glutamate metabolism by rat kidney cortex mitochondria (1985)

Isolated rat kidney cortex mitochondria were incubated at pH 7.4 in the presence or absence of a CO2/bicarbonate buffer (28 mM) to investigate the pH-independent role of bicarbonate on glutamine and glutamate metabolism. Changes in the concentration of key intermediates and products during the incubations were used to calculate metabolite flux rates through specific mitochondrial enzymes. With 1 mM glutamine and 2 mM glutamate as substrates, bicarbonate caused an inhibition of glutamate oxalacetate transaminase flux and a stimulation of glutamate deamination. The same effects were also produced with addition of either aminooxyacetate or malonate. These effects of bicarbonate were prevented when 0.2 mM malate was included as an additional substrate. Bicarbonate ion was identified as a potent competitive inhibitor of rat kidney cortex succinate dehydrogenase. These results indicate that aminooxyacetate, malonate, and bicarbonate all act to stimulate glutamate deamination through a suppression of glutamate transamination, and that the control by transamination of glutamate deamination is due to alterations in alpha-ketoglutarate metabolism. In contrast, in mitochondria incubated with glutamine in the absence of glutamate, bicarbonate was found to inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase flux. This effect was found to be due in part to the lower intramitochondrial pH observed in incubations with bicarbonate. These findings indicate that bicarbonate ion, independent of pH, may have an important regulatory role in renal glutamine and glutamate metabolism.
Ultrabroadband terahertz spectroscopy of chalcogenide glasses (2012)

Chalcogenide glasses are receiving a lot of attention due to their unique optical properties. In this paper we study the optical properties of As2S3 and GaLaS glasses in a broad terahertz (THz) frequency range (0.2-18 THz). Complex dispersion behavior with drastic changes of refractive index and absorption coefficient is found for both glasses. We observe the breakdown of the universal power-law dependence of the absorption coefficient due to atomic vibrations observed at low THz frequencies in disordered materials, and see the transition to localized vibrational dynamics for the As2S3 compound at higher frequencies. In addition, As2S3 displays two transparency regions, at 7-8 THz and 12.2 THz, of potential interest for future nonlinear applications in the THz range.
Analytical investigation of styrax and benzoin balsams by HPLC‐ PAD‐fluorimetry and GC‐MS (2007)

An HPLC and GC study has been conducted on the aromatic oleoresins styrax and benzoin produced by several American, Mediterranean and East-Asian trees, and widely used in ancient civilisations for their therapeutic and odoriferous properties. Initial experiments were performed by HPLC-PAD-fluorimetry for the analysis of several aromatic components, and then completed by GC-MS for the characterisation of both aromatic and triterpenic derivatives. In this work, it was crucial to isolate from fresh natural exudates, and to characterise by two-dimensional NMR, some of the major constituents in order to extend the standard molecular pool prior to chromatographic identifications. This study reveals coniferyl benzoate as an excellent distinctive fluorescent biomarker of Siam benzoin substrate. It also confirms that fluorimetric-coupled detection is a powerful analytical tool for the identification of compounds in Hamamelidaceae extracts that are almost undetectable by UV. GC-MS was successfully applied to the determination of the botanical origin of Sumatra benzoin, and to the identification of lupeol [3beta-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol] for the first time in such balsam-type materials.
Multi-pose lipreading and audio-visual speech recognition (2012)

In this article, we study the adaptation of visual and audio-visual speech recognition systems to non-ideal visual conditions. We focus on overcoming the effects of a changing pose of the speaker, a problem encountered in natural situations where the speaker moves freely and does not keep a frontal pose with relation to the camera. To handle these situations, we introduce a pose normalization block in a standard system and generate virtual frontal views from non-frontal images. The proposed method is inspired by pose-invariant face recognition and relies on linear regression to find an approximate mapping between images from different poses. We integrate the proposed pose normalization block at different stages of the speech recognition system and quantify the loss of performance related to pose changes and pose normalization techniques. In audio-visual experiments we also analyze the integration of the audio and visual streams. We show that an audio-visual system should account for non-frontal poses and normalization techniques in terms of the weight assigned to the visual stream in the classifier.
Flat plate loop heat pipe with a novel evaporator structure (2005)

The paper proposes the fabrication and test of flat plate loop heat pipe (FPLHP) with a novel evaporator structure. The IC industry of Taiwan, ROC is one of the most competitive industries in the world. With the increase in electric heat dissipation and miniaturization, we need advanced cooling systems to solve the high temperature problems. We describe the evaporator design and a new stretched design. Finally, the test results show that the new design of FPLHP works very well.
Primary cilium—is it an osteocyte's strain‐sensing flowmeter? (2003)

With few exceptions, the non-cycling cells in a vast range of animals including humans have a non-motile primary cilium that extends from the mother centriole of the pair of centrioles in their centrosomes located between their Golgi apparatuses and nuclei. It has very recently been shown that the primary cilium of a dog or a mouse embryonic kidney cell is a fluid flowmeter studded with heterodimeric complexes of mechanoreceptors linked to Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels that when the cilium is bent can send Ca(2+) signals into the cell and beyond to neighboring cells through gap junctions. More than 30 years ago, osteocytes were reported also to have primary cilia, but this was promptly ignored or forgotten. Osteocytes are the bones' strain sensors, which measure skeletal activity from the effects of currents of extracellular fluid caused by their bones being bent and squeezed during various activities such as walking and running. Since bending a kidney cell's primary cilium can send a Ca(2+) wave surging through itself and its neighbors, the bending of an osteocyte's primary cilium by sloshing extracellular fluid is likely to do the same thing and thus be involved in measuring and responding to bone strain.
Obituary Vol.30(4) (2013)

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 245 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i4.14773
Surface-engineered bacterial cellulose as template for crystallization of calcium phosphate (2006)

Bacterial cellulose (BC), produced by Acetobacter xylinum, and cotton linters as reference were surface modified by ozone-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid and used as a template for crystallization of calcium phosphate. The grafting was verified using attenuated total reflection-infrared radiation (ATR-IR) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). ATR-IR revealed an additional absorption band at 1700 cm(-1), corresponding to the carbonyl group in polyacrylic acid. ESCA figures show, apart from the characteristic peaks for cellulose, additional peaks at 285 eV and 289 eV that correspond to groups in acrylic acid. The grafting yield is higher on cotton linters compared with BC, which most likely has to do with differences in crystallinity and reactivity of the different cellulose materials. No morphology difference directly caused by grafting could be seen with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which might indicate that acrylic acid was grafted as a thin film on the surface of the cellulose micro fibrils. Calcium phosphate was formed on the surface-modified cellulose by first pre-soaking the materials in a saturated Ca(OH)2 and later in simulated body fluid (SBF). The atomic ratio of calcium phosphate was determined by ESCA to be about 1.5 for the different materials. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to map and verify that the crystals were calcium phosphate. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was also used to verify the presence of calcium phosphate complex onto BC. SEM images showed the difference in dimension, distribution and morphology of the crystals depending on the materials. Smaller and a greater number of crystals were obtained on the surface-modified BC and larger and fewer crystals on surface-modified cotton linters. Structural and grafting differences between the celluloses may lead to differences in nucleation sites and possibly differences in the morphology of the Ca-P crystals. The BC-calcium phosphate composite is expected to be useful as a scaffold for bone tissue regeneration.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Inefficacity of Treatment With Metronidazole (1977)

<p>Physical Education (PE) is beneficial for students' mental and physical health, however, teenagers are increasingly becoming less motivated to actively participate in the current form of PE. Motivational studies show that collective physical activity augmented by playful interactions could encourage more participation and social engagement in physical activities (PA). In this paper, we present a within-subject field study with 20 teenagers formed into five groups sized equally. The study is conducted using Shuttlezap, a prototype that provides real-time playful audio augmentation to the process of the activity. Results show that the teenagers enjoyed playful audio augmentation and were socially engaged with an enhancement of their perception of competence. By further comparing the conditions between with and without the audio augmentation, we found that the playful audio augmentation positively contributed to the playfulness in terms of perceived relaxation and expression. We conclude with design implications for social play in the context of PE for teenagers.</p>
Profile of conbercept in the treatment of&nbsp;neovascular age-related macular degeneration (2015)

In developed countries, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in individuals over the age of 65 years. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a vital role in the formation of neovascular AMD. VEGF regulates angiogenesis, enhances vascular permeability, and drives the formation of choroidal neovascularization. As a result of the introduction of anti-VEGF drugs, the incidence of blindness from neovascular AMD has greatly reduced. Anti-VEGF drugs are used as a first-line treatment for neovascular AMD. The most recent anti-VEGF drug is conbercept, also named KH902, which was approved for the treatment of neovascular AMD by the China Food and Drug Administration in December 2013. In this review, recent clinical information regarding the use of conbercept to treat neovascular AMD is summarized. Conbercept is a soluble receptor decoy that blocks all isoforms of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and PlGF, which has a high binding affinity to VEGF and a long half-life in vitreous. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its anti-angiogenesis activity in both ocular neovascular disease models and tumor models. Clinical trials of conbercept have shown its superior efficacy and safety. Patients respond well even with 3-month treatment intervals following loading doses once a month for 3 months. The potential therapeutic effect of conbercept on the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, a special type of neovascular AMD, is also promising. In summary, conbercept is a new treatment option for ophthalmologists and their patients and may help address the limitations of current anti-VEGF drugs.
A peptide hormone required for Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in <i>Arabidopsis</i> roots (2017)

Plants achieve mineral ion homeostasis by means of a hydrophobic barrier on endodermal cells called the Casparian strip, which restricts lateral diffusion of ions between the root vascular bundles and the soil. We identified a family of sulfated peptides required for contiguous Casparian strip formation in Arabidopsis roots. These peptide hormones, which we named Casparian strip integrity factor 1 (CIF1) and CIF2, are expressed in the root stele and specifically bind the endodermis-expressed leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase GASSHO1 (GSO1)/SCHENGEN3 and its homolog, GSO2. A mutant devoid of CIF peptides is defective in ion homeostasis in the xylem. CIF genes are environmentally responsive. Casparian strip regulation is not merely a passive process driven by root developmental cues; it also serves as an active strategy to cope with adverse soil conditions.
Characteristics of Organic Light-Emitting Devices by the Surface Treatment of Indium Tin Oxide Surfaces Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas (2004)

This study examined the effects of a He/O 2 and He/SF 6 atmospheric pressure plasma surface treatment of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass on the ITO surface and electrical characteristics of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The OLEDs composed of ITO glass/2-TNATA/NPD/Alq 3 /LiF/Al showed better electrical characteristics, such as lower turn-on voltage, higher power efficiency, etc., after the He/O 2 or He/SF 6 plasma treatment. The He/SF 6 treatment resulted in superior electrical characteristics compared with the He/O 2 treatment. The electrical improvement as a result of the He/SF 6 and He/O 2 plasma treatments is related to the decrease in the carbon and Sn 4+ concentration on the ITO surface and fluorine doping of the ITO possibly indicating a change in the work function as a result of the treatments.
Die Abbildung von Gehirnfunktionen über einzelne Blutgefäße mit einer multi-modalen fMRT-Plattform [Map brain function in vessels with a multi-modal fMRI platform] (2017)

A multi-modal fMRI platform is developed for a better understanding of the neuron-glio-vascular interaction in normal and diseased brain states of animals. Combining the single-vessel fMRI method with optogenetics and genetically encoded calcium indicators enables to identify the specific contributions of distinct vascular and cellular components to the fMRI signal. The translational application of this work is to identify vessel-specific dynamic biomarkers of patients with vascular dementia, ranging from small vessel diseases to degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s.
Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network (2019)

Graph neural network, as a powerful graph representation technique based on deep learning, has shown superior performance and attracted considerable research interest. However, it has not been fully considered in graph neural network for heterogeneous graph which contains different types of nodes and links. The heterogeneity and rich semantic information bring great challenges for designing a graph neural network for heterogeneous graph. Recently, one of the most exciting advancements in deep learning is the attention mechanism, whose great potential has been well demonstrated in various areas. In this paper, we first propose a novel heterogeneous graph neural network based on the hierarchical attention, including node-level and semantic-level attentions. Specifically, the node-level attention aims to learn the importance between a node and its meta-path based neighbors, while the semantic-level attention is able to learn the importance of different meta-paths. With the learned importance from both node-level and semantic-level attention, the importance of node and meta-path can be fully considered. Then the proposed model can generate node embedding by aggregating features from meta-path based neighbors in a hierarchical manner. Extensive experimental results on three real-world heterogeneous graphs not only show the superior performance of our proposed model over the state-of-the-arts, but also demonstrate its potentially good interpretability for graph analysis.
PSMA-Based Radioligand Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The Bad Berka Experience Since 2013 (2016)

A potential milestone in personalized nuclear medicine is theranostics of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) based on molecular imaging using PET/CT with <sup>68</sup>Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands and molecular radiotherapy using PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (PRLT) with <sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA ligands. <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA PET/CT enables accurate detection of mCRPC lesions with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and provides quantitative and reproducible data that can be used to select patients for PRLT and therapeutic monitoring. Our comprehensive experience over the last 3 years using different radioligands indicates that PRLT is highly effective for the treatment of mCRPC, even in advanced cases, and potentially lends a significant benefit to overall and progression-free survival. Additionally, significant improvement in clinical symptoms and excellent palliation of pain can be achieved.
Spectral- and energy-efficient antenna tilting in a HetNet using reinforcement learning (2013)

In cellular networks, balancing the throughput among users is important to achieve a uniform Quality-of-Service (QoS). This can be accomplished using a variety of cross-layer techniques. In this paper, the authors investigate how the down-tilt of base-station (BS) antennas can be adjusted to maximize the user throughput fairness in a heterogeneous network, considering the impact of both a dynamic user distribution and capacity saturation of different transmission techniques. Finding the optimal down-tilt in a multi-cell interference-limited network is a complex problem, where stochastic channel effects and irregular antenna patterns has yielded no explicit solutions and is computationally expensive. The investigation first demonstrates that a fixed tilt strategy yields good performances for homogeneous networks, but the introduction of HetNet elements adds a high level of sensitivity to the tilt dependent performance. This means that a HetNet must have network-wide knowledge of where BSs, access-points and users are. The paper also demonstrates that transmission techniques that can achieve a higher level of capacity saturation increases the optimal down-tilt angle. A distributed reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed, where BSs do not need knowledge of location data. The algorithm can achieve convergence to a near-optimal solution rapidly (6-15 iterations) and improve the throughput fairness by 45-56% and the energy efficiency by 21-47%, as compared to fixed strategies. Furthermore, the paper shows that a tradeoff between the optimal solution convergence rate and asymptotic performance exists for the self-learning algorithm.
Surface extensions of 3T3 cells towards distant infrared light sources. (1991)

Using a specially designed phase-contrast light microscope with an infrared spot illuminator we found that approximately 25% of 3T3 cells were able to extend pseudopodia towards single microscopic infrared light sources nearby. If the cells were offered a pair of such light sources next to each other, 47% of the cells extended towards them. In the latter case 30% of the responding cells extended separate pseudopodia towards each individual light source of a pair. The strongest responses were observed if the infrared light sources emitted light of wavelengths in the range of 800-900 nm intermittently at rates of 30-60 pulses per min. The temperature increases of the irradiated spots can be shown to be negligible. The results suggest that the cells are able to sense specific infrared wavelengths and to determine the direction of individual sources.
Multifunctional Cellular Targeting, Molecular Delivery, and Imaging by Integrated Mesoporous-Silica with Optical Nanocrescent Antenna: MONA (2022)

Multifunctional nanoprobes have attracted significant attention in a wide range of disciplines such as nanomedicine, precision medicine, and cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, integrating multifunctional ability in a nanoscale structure to precisely target, image, and deliver with cellular spatial/temporal resolution is still challenging <i>in cellulo</i> applications. This is because the development of such high-precision resolution needs to be carried out without labeling, photobleaching, and structurally segregating live cells. In this study, we present an integrated nanostructure of a mesoporous-silica nanosphere with an optical nanocrescent antenna (MONA) for multifunctional cellular targeting, drug delivery, and molecular imaging with spatiotemporal resolution. MONA comprises a systematically constructed Au nanocrescent (AuNC) antenna as a nanosensor and optical switch on a mesoporous-silica nanosphere as a cargo to molecular delivery. MONA made of antiepithelial cell adhesion molecules (anti-EpCAM)-conjugated AuNC facilitates the specific targeting of breast cancer cells, resulting in a highly focused photothermal gradient that functions as a molecular emitter. This light-driven molecular, doxorubicin (DOX) delivery function allows rapid apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Since MONA permits the tracking of quantum biological electron-transfer processes, in addition to its role as an on-demand optical switch, it enables the monitoring of the dynamic behavior of cellular cytochrome <i>c</i> pivoting cell apoptosis in response to the DOX delivery. Owing to the integrated functions of molecular actuation and direct sensing at the precisely targeted spot afforded by MONA, we anticipate that this multifunctional optical nanoantenna structure will have an impact in the fields of nanomedicine, cancer theranostics, and basic life sciences.