gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Layered-Division-Multiplexing for In-Band Backhaul for ATSC 3.0 SFN and Gapfillers (2018)

Due to the rapid increase on the use of mobile devices, delivering mobile broadcasting services (TV/data) is one of the top-priority capabilities for future digital TV (DTV) systems, such as the ATSC 3.0. To improve the mobile service coverage performance for highly populated indoor and closed areas (airports, shopping malls, stadiums, etc.), it becomes necessary to deploy single-frequency-network (SFN) type low-power gapfillters, which could be very costly due to the required backhaul links. This paper proposes a novel technology to use Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) to implement in-band backhaul to multiple SFN gapfillers. By embedding the backhaul data of the mobile services in the LDM signal structure, a low-cost SFN relay station can be implemented as the gapfiller using conventional ATSC 3.0 receivers. Since the backhaul data is delivered using the same band as the mobile service signal, the proposed technology also achieves high spectrum efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed technology can be used to implement efficient backhaul solutions in the next generation mobile broadband systems (5G and beyond).
Micromachined Piezoelectrically Actuated Flextensional Transducers For High Resolution Printing (2000)

In this talk, we present a technique for the deposition of inks, toner, organic polymers, fuels, small solid particles, biological and chemical fluids, using a fluid ejector. The ejector design is based on a flextensional transducer that excites the axisymmetric resonant modes of a clamped circular plate. It is constructed by depositing a thin piezoelectric annular plate onto a thin, edge clamped, circular plate. Liquids or solid-particles are placed behind one face of the plate which has a small orifice at its center. By applying an ac signal across the piezoelectric element, continuous or drop-on-demand ejection of fluids has been achieved. The ejected drop size ranges in diameter from 5 micrometers at 3.5 MHz to 150 micrometers at 7 kHz, the corresponding ejected drop volume ranges from 65 femtoliters to 1.5 nanoliters, and the corresponding flow rate ranges from 0.2 microliters per second to 10 microliters per second. The unique features of the device are that the fluid is not pressurized, the fluid container is chemically or biologically compatible with most fluids, and the vibrating plate contains the orifice as the ejection source. The device is manufactured by silicon surface micromachining and implemented in the form of two-dimensional arrays. Individual elements are made of thin silicon nitride membranes covered by a coating of piezoelectric zinc oxide. Classical thin plate theory, Mindlin plate theory, and variational methods are applied to derive two-dimensional plate equations for the transducer, and to calculate the coupled electromechanical field variables such as mechanical displacement. These methods use classical kinematic relations for a plate and a variational equation for the coupled electromechanical field to reduce three-dimensional field equations to two-dimensional plate equations. As a result, three different exact solutions to corresponding systems are obtained. An equivalent circuit of the transducer is also obtained from these solutions.
Glucose-oligosaccharides comprising (al?6) and (al?4) glycosidic bonds, use thereof , and methods for providing them : Gluco-oligosaccharides comprising (alpha 1 to 4) and (alpha 1to 6) glycosidic bonds, use thereof, and methods for providing them (2010)

The invention relates to the field of poly- and oligosaccharides and their nutritional effects. In particular, it relates to the application of a-glucanotransferases in methods for preparing dietary fibers, including prebiotic oligosaccharides, and to novel oligosaccharides obtainable thereby. Provided is a method for producing a mixture of gluco-oligosaccharides having one or more consecutive (alpha 1 to 6) glucosidic linkages and one or more consecutive (alpha 1 to 4) glucosidic linkages, comprising contacting a poly- and/or oligosaccharide substrate comprising at least two (alpha 1 to 4) linked D-glucose units with an alpha-glucanotransferase capable of cleaving (alpha 1to 4) glucosidic linkages and making new (alpha 1 to 4) and (alpha 1 to 6) glucosidic linkages. Also provided are (isolated) gluco-oligosaccharides obtainable thereby, and their application in nutritional and cosmetic compositions.
Label-free optical lymphangiography: development of an automatic segmentation method applied to optical coherence tomography to visualize lymphatic vessels using Hessian filters (2013)

Lymphatic vessels are a part of the circulatory system that collect plasma and other substances that have leaked from the capillaries into interstitial fluid (lymph) and transport lymph back to the circulatory system. Since lymph is transparent, lymphatic vessels appear as dark hallow vessel-like regions in optical coherence tomography (OCT) cross sectional images. We propose an automatic method to segment lymphatic vessel lumen from OCT structural cross sections using eigenvalues of Hessian filters. Compared to the existing method based on intensity threshold, Hessian filters are more selective on vessel shape and less sensitive to intensity variations and noise. Using this segmentation technique along with optical micro-angiography allows label-free noninvasive simultaneous visualization of blood and lymphatic vessels in vivo. Lymphatic vessels play an important role in cancer, immune system response, inflammatory disease, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Development of imaging techniques and visualization tools for lymphatic vessels is valuable in understanding the mechanisms and studying therapeutic methods in related disease and tissue response.
Linearly Single Polarization Fibers with Zero Polarization Mode Dispersion (1982)

The optimum waveguide structure for linearly single polarization fibers, which satisfies the large modal birefringence and the zero polarization mode dispersion simultaneously, has been investigated. The basic waveguide structure is the single-mode optical fiber that has an elliptical core and stress-applying parts with a different expansion coefficient from that of the cladding. Waveguide parameters, such as index difference, core ellipticity, and cutoff wavelength, are first determined to obtain highly birefringent fibers with B = 1 X 10/sup -5/ or B = 5 X 10/sup -5/. The structure of the stress-applying parts that provides zero polarization mode dispersion is then determined.
Nanomechanical imaging of soft samples in liquid using atomic force microscopy (2013)

The widely used dynamic mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) suffers severe sensitivity degradation and noise increase when operated in liquid. The large hydrodynamic drag between the oscillating AFM cantilever and the surrounding liquid overwhelms the dissipative tip-sample interaction forces that are employed for nanomechanical imaging. In this article, we show that the recently developed Trolling-Mode AFM based on a nanoneedle probe can resolve nanomechanical properties on soft samples in liquid, enabled by the significantly reduced hydrodynamic drag between the cantilever and the liquid. The performance of the method was demonstrated by mapping mechanical properties of the membrane of living HeLa cells.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 7B mRNA: An unfavorable characteristic in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2010)

A cost- and time-efficient means to define the prognosis of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is desirable but does not yet exist. On the basis of the evidence that CLL cells have enhanced expression of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoform 7B (PDE7B), we hypothesized that PDE7B expression might provide such information. We assessed PDE7B mRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 85 patients and 30 normal subjects. We compared PDE7B mRNA expression with that of other disease features to determine if its expression correlates with the prognosis of patients with CLL. We found that CLL patients with PDE7B mRNA levels in the top quartile (greater than ninefold elevation relative to normal controls) have a several-year shorter median time-to-treatment (TTT, 36 months) compared to that of patients whose CLL cells express lower levels of PDE7B mRNA (TTT, 77 months, p=0.001). High PDE7B mRNA expression correlates with expression of zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP-70), unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) region genes and β2 microglobulin (β2M), but use of a multivariate Cox model revealed that high PDE7B mRNA expression independently predicts a short TTT, even after adjusting for several other disease characteristics (ZAP-70 or CD38 expression, IGHV mutation status and Rai status). High expression of PDE7B is an unfavorable characteristic in CLL. Assessment of PDE7B mRNA expression thus appears to be a clinically useful biomarker to define the prognosis of patients with CLL.
Doxycycline, Azithromycin and Vitamin C (DAV): A potent combination therapy for targeting mitochondria and eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs) (2019)

Here, we devised a new strategy for eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs), via a "synthetic-metabolic" approach, involving two FDA-approved antibiotics and a dietary vitamin supplement. This approach was designed to induce a "rho-zero-like" phenotype in cancer cells. This strategy effectively results in the synergistic eradication of CSCs, using vanishingly small quantities of two antibiotics. The 2 metabolic targets are i) the large mitochondrial ribosome and ii) the small mitochondrial ribosome. Azithromycin inhibits the large mitochondrial ribosome as an off-target side-effect. In addition, Doxycycline inhibits the small mitochondrial ribosome as an off-target side-effect. Vitamin C acts as a mild pro-oxidant, which can produce free radicals and, as a consequence, induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Remarkably, treatment with a combination of Doxycycline (1 μM), Azithromycin (1 μM) plus Vitamin C (250 μM) very potently inhibited CSC propagation by >90%, using the MCF7 ER(+) breast cancer cell line as a model system. The strong inhibitory effects of this DAV triple combination therapy on mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production were directly validated using metabolic flux analysis. Therefore, the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis due to mild oxidative stress, coupled with inhibition of mitochondrial protein translation, may be a new promising therapeutic anti-cancer strategy. Consistent with these assertions, Vitamin C is known to be highly concentrated within mitochondria, by a specific transporter, namely SVCT2, in a sodium-coupled manner. Also, the concentrations of antibiotics used here represent sub-antimicrobial levels of Doxycycline and Azithromycin, thereby avoiding the potential problems associated with antibiotic resistance. Finally, we also discuss possible implications for improving health-span and life-span, as Azithromycin is an anti-aging drug that behaves as a senolytic, which selectively kills and removes senescent fibroblasts.
Casein Kinase II Modulates Topoisomerase II Alpha Nuclear Export and Drug Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4032 Nuclear export of topoisomerase II alpha (topo IIα) to the cytoplasm results in de novo resistance to topo IIα inhibitors in hematological malignancies. We have previously demonstrated that topo IIα is exported from the nucleus of human multiple myeloma cells by a CRM1-dependent mechanism at densities similar to those in myeloma patient bone marrow (Engel et al, Exp. Cell Res. 295:421-31, 2004). We have also identified the nuclear export signals for topo IIα at amino acids 1017–1028 and 1054–1066 using mutated full-length FLAG-topo IIα protein and immunofluorescence microscopy, (Turner et al, J. Cell Sci. 117:3061-71, 2004). In addition, blocking nuclear export with a CRM1 inhibitor or by using CRM1-siRNA sensitizes myeloma cells to topo II poisons (Turner et al. Cancer Res. 69:6899-905, 2009). Therefore, preventing nuclear export may sensitize myeloma cells to topo II inhibitors. To determine what signals CRM1-mediated nuclear export of topo IIα we investigated the phosphorylation status of topo IIα, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, using proteomic technologies. Topo IIα was isolated from the nuclei and cytoplasm of human myeloma cells by immunoprecipitation. Purified topo IIα fractions were analyzed by Orbitrap mass spectroscopy. We found that serine 1524 was highly phosphorylated in the cytoplasmic fraction. Using site-directed mutagenesis we converted serine 1524 to an alanine to determine if mutated FLAG-tagged topo IIα export was reduced as compared to wild-type FLAG-tagged topo IIα. Serine 1524 is a CK2 phosphorylation site, therefore, we tested a recently published and highly specific inhibitor of CK2; CX-4945 (Ferguson et al, FEBS Letters 585:104–110, 2011). This drug was used in combination with the topo IIα inhibitor doxorubicin and assayed for apoptosis by caspase 3 cleavage and flow cytometry both in vitro using myeloma cell lines and ex vivo using patient bone marrow mononuclear cells. Using mass spectroscopy we found that cytoplasmic but not nuclear topo IIα was phosphorylated at serine 1524, a published CK2 motif. Using site-directed mutagenesis we converted serine 1524 to an alanine and found that mutated FLAG-topo IIα export was reduced, as compared to wild-type FLAG- topo IIα. The CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 induced apoptosis in both myeloma cell lines and in myeloma patient bone marrow aspirates. In addition, we found that CX-4945 prevented nuclear export of topo IIα in high-density cells. These data were duplicated using a CK2 specific siRNA to knockdown CK2 expression (90% knockdown). Blocking nuclear export of topo IIα with the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 or CK2-specific siRNA sensitized drug-resistant myeloma cells to the topo II poison doxorubicin. These data may have potential clinical implications in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dispensing and manipulation of nano-drops by pyro-EHD (electro-hydro-dynamic) effect (2011)

Nano- and pico-droplets have been extracted and dispensed from sessile drop or liquid film reservoirs through pyroelectric effect activated by a hot tip or an IR laser source on polar dielectric substrates. The manipulation of liquids in 2D and 3D was demonstrated without the need of high-voltage power supplies and/or circuits.
Aqueous route to facile, efficient and functional silica coating of metal nanoparticles at room temperature (2014)

Various metal (Ag, Au, and Pt)@thiol-functionalized silica (SiO2-SH) nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully prepared at room temperature by a facile, efficient, functional, universal and scalable coating process in alcohol-free aqueous solution using pre-hydrolyzed 3-(mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The controlled pre-hydrolysis of the silane precursor in water and the consecutive condensation processes are the key to achieve the effective and uniform silica coating on metal NPs in aqueous solution. The thickness of the silica shell is tuned by simply varying the coating time. The silica shell can act as an effective protecting layer for Ag NPs in Ag@SiO2-SH NPs under conditions for silica coating in aqueous solution; however, it leads to a directional dissolution of Ag NPs in a more strongly basic ammonia solution. The environmentally friendly silica coating process in water is also applied to prepare highly surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active Ag@SiO2-SH NPs with different types of Raman molecules for highly sensitive SERS-based applications in various fields.
Discovery of a Cryptic Antifungal Compound from <i>Streptomyces albus</i> J1074 Using High-Throughput Elicitor Screens (2017)

An important unresolved issue in microbial secondary metabolite production is the abundance of biosynthetic gene clusters that are not expressed under typical laboratory growth conditions. These so-called silent or cryptic gene clusters are sources of new natural products, but how they are silenced, and how they may be rationally activated are areas of ongoing investigation. We recently devised a chemogenetic high-throughput screening approach ("HiTES") to discover small molecule elicitors of silent biosynthetic gene clusters. This method was successfully applied to a Gram-negative bacterium; it has yet to be implemented in the prolific antibiotic-producing streptomycetes. Herein we have developed a high-throughput transcriptional assay format in Streptomyces spp. by leveraging eGFP, inserted both at a neutral site and inside the biosynthetic cluster of interest, as a read-out for secondary metabolite synthesis. Using this approach, we successfully used HiTES to activate a silent gene cluster in Streptomyces albus J1074. Our results revealed the cytotoxins etoposide and ivermectin as potent inducers, allowing us to isolate and structurally characterize 14 novel small molecule products of the chosen cluster. One of these molecules is a novel antifungal, while several others inhibit a cysteine protease implicated in cancer. Studies addressing the mechanism of induction by the two elicitors led to the identification of a pathway-specific transcriptional repressor that silences the gene cluster under standard growth conditions. The successful application of HiTES will allow future interrogations of the biological regulation and chemical output of the countless silent gene clusters in Streptomyces spp.
Doping profile recognition in silicon using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2014)

Here we demonstrate for the first time that terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) can be used to distinguish doping profile discrepancies in semiconductor silicon wafers. These proof of concept results suggest the suitability of the technique for in-line process control applications in both IC/photovoltaic (PV) industries. The experimental results show that THz radiation is sensitive to the implant dosage changes in the time domains.
Non-Deprotonative Primary and Secondary Amination of (Hetero)Arylmetals (2016)

Herein we disclose a novel method for the facile transfer of primary (−NH2) and secondary amino groups (−NHR) to heteroaryl- as well as arylcuprates at low temperature without the need for precious metal catalysts, ligands, excess reagents, protecting and/or directing groups. This one-pot transformation allows unprecedented functional group tolerance and it is well-suited for the amination of electron-rich, electron-deficient as well as structurally complex (hetero)arylmetals. In some of the cases, only catalytic amounts of a copper(I) salt is required.
Dyna (2015)

To look human, digital full-body avatars need to have soft-tissue deformations like those of real people. We learn a model of soft-tissue deformations from examples using a high-resolution 4D capture system and a method that accurately registers a template mesh to sequences of 3D scans. Using over 40,000 scans of ten subjects, we learn how soft-tissue motion causes mesh triangles to deform relative to a base 3D body model. Our Dyna model uses a low-dimensional linear subspace to approximate soft-tissue deformation and relates the subspace coefficients to the changing pose of the body. Dyna uses a second-order auto-regressive model that predicts soft-tissue deformations based on previous deformations, the velocity and acceleration of the body, and the angular velocities and accelerations of the limbs. Dyna also models how deformations vary with a person's body mass index (BMI), producing different deformations for people with different shapes. Dyna realistically represents the dynamics of soft tissue for previously unseen subjects and motions. We provide tools for animators to modify the deformations and apply them to new stylized characters.
A convenient synthesis of the key intermediate of selective COX-2 inhibitor Etoricoxib (2013)

An original strategy for the synthesis of ketone 1, the key intermediate for preparing Etoricoxib, an important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been developed. Inexpensive 5-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine was converted to the corresponding acetyl derivative in four practical synthetic steps. The following palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of acetylpicoline with 4-bromo- or 4-chlorophenyl methyl sulfone was efficiently optimized in order to afford ketone 1 in remarkable yield.
Quantitative magnetization transfer ultrashort echo time imaging using a time‐efficient 3D multispoke Cones sequence (2017)

The 3D multispoke UTE-Cones-MT sequence can be used for fast volumetric assessment of macromolecular and water components in short T<sub>2</sub> tissues. Magn Reson Med 79:692-700, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Identification and Structure−Activity Relationships of Chromene-Derived Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators for Treatment of Postmenopausal Symptoms (2009)

As part of a program aimed at the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), novel chromene scaffolds, benzopyranobenzoxapanes, were discovered. Many compounds showed binding affinity as low as 1.6-200 nM, displayed antagonist behaviors in the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line as well in Ishikawa cell line with IC(50) values in the range 0.2-360 nM. On the basis of the side chain substitution, various compounds demonstrated strong inhibitory activity in anti-uterotropic assay. Compound 7-(R) and its major metabolites 5-(R) and 6-(R) were evaluated in several in vivo models of estrogen action. Relative to a full estrogen agonist (ethynyl estradiol) and the SERM raloxifene, 7-(R) was found to be a potent SERM that behaved as antagonist in the uterus and exhibited estrogen agonistic activity on bone, plasma lipids, hot flush, and vagina. The overall pharmacokinetic profile and stability were significantly improved compared to those of the phase 2 development compound 9-(R).
Differential Measurement With the Balanced Response of Optically Pumped Atomic Magnetometers (2016)

Highly sensitive magnetic sensors for biomagnetic measurements are often used in gradiometers to suppress the magnetic noise from the environment. We propose a differential measurement method in optically pumped atomic magnetometers, where the frequency responses from the two magnetometers are balanced separately and the signals are subtracted. A magnetometer system that has two pairs of pump and probe beams was constructed to confirm the noise reduction experimentally. A general form for the transfer function of the magnetometer was derived and the parameters were experimentally fitted for the two magnetometers. The frequency responses were balanced with the inverse of the transfer function in the frequency domain, and the differential measurement improved the signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetometer system, even when the resonance frequency at the two sensing volumes differed by several hertz. This method considerably relaxes the requirement for the uniformity of the magnetic bias field at the two sensing volumes, which previously needed to be identical.
41.1 WITHDRAWN 41.2: <i>Invited Paper</i>: Phosphor Mixtures for White LEDs (2012)

Abstract White phosphor converted LEDs have become an important technology for innovative lighting applications. This paper compares white LEDs that were built by using only one phosphor (dichromatic concept) with LEDs employing mixtures of two phosphors (trichromatic LEDs), a green and a red luminescent material, and discusses the impact of these concepts on the quality of light, in particular the differences in color rendition.