gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation data statistics for digital radio systems design (1989)

Describes results obtained in a propagation measurements program currently being carried out in Brazil. The experiments objective is to obtain statistics of propagation data relevant to terrestrial digital radio systems design. The results are being used in the planning of 144 Mbit/s, 16 QAM and 64 QAM digital radio relay networks by the Brazilian Administration. The multipath fading occurrence factor and two-ray model parameters, namely the maximum fading depth and the relative delay between rays, are being continuously measured and recorded in ten line-of-sight analog radio links of Brazilian Communications Network. A set-up based on the Taylor and Shafi (1983) method has been selected due to its simplicity, since the measurements program intends to cover several different climatic zones in Brazil. >
Some Reactions of 3-Cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2(1H)pyridinethione. Part-2 (1996)

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 17 March 1994, revised 27 June 1994, accepted 11 August 1994</em> Some Reactions of 3-Cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2(1<em>H</em>)pyridinethione. Part-2
Exercising Moral Authority: The Power of Guilt in Health and Fitness Discourses (2016)

In this article, I discuss the presence and power of guilt in health and fitness discourses. As an intangible force, guilt has material—often negative—effects on women's lives; it is an active ingredient in gendered societal messages celebrating and moralizing an idealized fit feminine body. I invoke “the imperative pathway” to illustrate how discourses around women's exercise, health, and bodies create an impasse fraught with guilt feelings: complex social forces impose a nexus of competing responsibilities and expectations, even while bodies impose physical limitations. Ultimately, I question the ethical sensitivity of health and fitness promoters who induce guilt feelings.
Electrochemical preparation of a Prussian blue analog: iron-ruthenium cyanide (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical preparation of a Prussian blue analog: iron-ruthenium cyanideKingo Itaya, Tatsuaki Ataka, and Shinobu ToshimaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 13, 3751–3752Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00377a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views735Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Association Studies in Populus tomentosa Reveal the Genetic Interactions of Pto-MIR156c and Its Targets in Wood Formation (2016)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression in many biological processes, but the significance of the interaction between a miRNA and its targets in perennial trees remains largely unknown. Here, we employed transcript profiling and association studies in Populus tomentosa (Pto) to decipher the effect of genetic variation and interactions between Pto-miR156c and its potential targets (Pto-SPL15, Pto-SPL20, and Pto-SPL25) in 435 unrelated individuals from a natural population of P. tomentosa. Single-SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) based association studies with analysis of the underlying additive and dominant effects identified 69 significant associations (P < 0.01), representing 51 common SNPs (minor allele frequency > 0.05) from Pto-MIR156c and its three potential targets, with six wood and growth traits, revealing their common roles in wood formation. Epistasis analysis uncovered 129 significant SNP-SNP associations with ten traits, indicating the potential genetic interactions of Pto-MIR156c and its three putative targets. Interestingly, expression analysis in stem (phloem, cambium, and xylem) revealed that Pto-miR156c expression showed strong negative correlations with Pto-SPL20 (r = -0.90, P < 0.01) and Pto-SPL25 (r = -0.65, P < 0.01), and a positive correlation with Pto-SPL15 (r = 0.40, P < 0.01), which also indicated the putative interactions of Pto-miR156c and its potential targets and their common roles in wood formation. Thus, our study provided an alternative approach to decipher the interaction between miRNAs and their targets and to dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits in trees.
Acceleration of Electrons by the Interaction of a Bunched Electron Beam with a Plasma (1985)

A new scheme for accelerating electrons, employing a bunched relativistic electron beam in a cold plasma, is analyzed. We show that energy gradients can exceed 1 GeV/m and that the driven electrons can be accelerated from ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}m{c}^{2}$ to $3{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}m{c}^{2}$ before the driving beam slows down enough to degrade the plasma wave. If the driving electrons are removed before they cause the collapse of the plasma wave, energies up to $4{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}^{c}m{c}^{2}$ are possible. A noncollinear injection scheme is suggested in order that the driving electrons can be removed.
A Global Routing Algorithm for General Cells (1984)

An algorithm is presented which accomplishes the global routing for a building block or general cell routing problem. A line search technique is employed and therefore no grid is assumed either for the module placements or the pin locations. Instead of breaking the routing surface up into channels, a maze search finds acceptable global routes while avoiding the blocks. Both multi-pin terminals and multi-terminal nets are accomodated. It is shown that the Lee-Moore grid-based approach is actually a special case of the general search algorithm presented. This algorithm is borrowed from the field of artificial intelligence where it has been applied to many state-space search problems.
Division versus Fusion: Dnm1p and Fzo1p Antagonistically Regulate Mitochondrial Shape (1999)

In yeast, mitochondrial division and fusion are highly regulated during growth, mating and sporulation, yet the mechanisms controlling these activities are unknown. Using a novel screen, we isolated mutants in which mitochondria lose their normal structure, and instead form a large network of interconnected tubules. These mutants, which appear defective in mitochondrial division, all carried mutations in DNM1, a dynamin-related protein that localizes to mitochondria. We also isolated mutants containing numerous mitochondrial fragments. These mutants were defective in FZO1, a gene previously shown to be required for mitochondrial fusion. Surprisingly, we found that in dnm1 fzo1 double mutants, normal mitochondrial shape is restored. Induction of Dnm1p expression in dnm1 fzo1 cells caused rapid fragmentation of mitochondria. We propose that dnm1 mutants are defective in the mitochondrial division, an activity antagonistic to fusion. Our results thus suggest that mitochondrial shape is normally controlled by a balance between division and fusion which requires Dnm1p and Fzo1p, respectively.
Design and Characterization of a 28-nm Bulk-CMOS Cryogenic Quantum Controller Dissipating Less Than 2 mW at 3 K (2019)

Implementation of an error-corrected quantum computer is believed to require a quantum processor with a million or more physical qubits, and, in order to run such a processor, a quantum control system of similar scale will be required. Such a controller will need to be integrated within the cryogenic system and in close proximity with the quantum processor in order to make such a system practical. Here, we present a prototype cryogenic CMOS quantum controller designed in a 28-nm bulk CMOS process and optimized to implement a 16-word (4-bit) <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">XY</i> gate instruction set for controlling transmon qubits. After introducing the transmon qubit, including a discussion of how it is controlled, design considerations are discussed, with an emphasis on error rates and scalability. The circuit design is then discussed. Cryogenic performance of the underlying technology is presented, and the results of several quantum control experiments carried out using the integrated controller are described. This article ends with a comparison to the state of the art and a discussion of further research to be carried out. It has been shown that the quantum control IC achieves promising performance while dissipating less than 2 mW of total ac and dc power and requiring a digital data stream of less than 500 Mb/s.
Self partitioning backpropagation network for target recognition (2002)

A method for qualifying the degree of noncooperation that exists among the target members of the training set is presented. Both the network architecture and the training algorithm are taken into consideration while computing non-cooperation measures. Based on these measures, the network automatically creates several topologically identical partitions. Each partition learns a subset of the targets. The partitioning takes place only when necessary and requires minima computation. Each partition is simple with only one hidden layer and one node in the output layer. A fusion network combines partial results to produce the final response. Simulation results indicate that the method is robust and capable of self organization to overcome the ill effects of non-cooperating targets in the training set. Thus the network complexity and training time are significantly reduced. The self partitioning neural network (SPNN) approach has been tested through extensive simulation using more than 15 sets of real ATR data provided by the US Army Missile Command. Each data set consisted of hundreds of images which were extracted by the target detection system from the sensor's field of view for further processing. The study has indicated that the SPNN approach has the potential for use in real-time target recognition applications.
Ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope with sample cleaving mechanism (1994)

Our newly constructed ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope (UHV AFM) with a sample cleaving mechanism is described. The cantilever is scanned by a tube scanner and its deflection is detected by the fiber-optic interferometer method. Our AFM has dual-axes piezoelectric micropositioners. The x-axis micropositioner is used for sample cleavage, which forces the sample to press a block for cleavage. The z-axis micropositioner is used for coarse positioning of the cantilever to the sample. All the components of the fiber-optic interferometer, except for the optical fiber, are located outside the chamber, so that a very compact and simple UHV AFM design is possible. The performance of the instrument is discussed with images of both graphite and GaAs (110) surface obtained in UHV.
Cloud Radio Access Network: Virtualizing Wireless Access for Dense Heterogeneous Systems (2015)

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means of cloud computing. This results in a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wireless access points, known as radio units (RUs) or remote radio heads (RRHs), are centrally managed by a reconfigurable centralized "cloud", or central, unit (CU). C-RAN allows operators to reduce the capital and operating expenses needed to deploy and maintain dense heterogeneous networks. This critical advantage, along with spectral efficiency, statistical multiplexing and load balancing gains, make C-RAN well positioned to be one of the key technologies in the development of 5G systems. In this paper, a succinct overview is presented regarding the state of the art on the research on C-RAN with emphasis on fronthaul compression, baseband processing, medium access control, resource allocation, system-level considerations and standardization efforts.
CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia without HIV Infection -- No Lights, No Camera, Just Facts (1993)

The devastating global impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has greatly sensitized the public to the threat of new microbes that are capable of wreaking havoc on the world's population. It is not surprising, therefore, that the unanticipated revelation last July at the Ninth International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam of a small number of people with markedly depressed CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, with or without opportunistic diseases, in the absence of any evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other recognizable cause of immunosuppression resulted in extraordinary media attention and hence great public concern. Among the several subsequent meetings . . .
Development of Engineered Bacteriophages for <i>Escherichia coli</i> Detection and High-Throughput Antibiotic Resistance Determination (2017)

T7 bacteriophages (phages) have been genetically engineered to carry the lacZ operon, enabling the overexpression of beta-galactosidase (β-gal) during phage infection and allowing for the enhanced colorimetric detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Following the phage infection of E. coli, the enzymatic activity of the released β-gal was monitored using a colorimetric substrate. Compared with a control T7 phage, our T7<sub>lacZ</sub> phage generated significantly higher levels of β-gal expression following phage infection, enabling a lower limit of detection for E. coli cells. Using this engineered T7<sub>lacZ</sub> phage, we were able to detect E. coli cells at 10 CFU·mL<sup>-1</sup> within 7 h. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential for phage-based sensing of bacteria antibiotic resistance profiling using our T7<sub>lacZ</sub> phage, and subsequent β-gal expression to detect antibiotic resistant profile of E. coli strains.
Photoamperic probes in scanning tunneling microscopy (1994)

The charge generated at the apex of a semiconductor tip upon laser irradiation is utilized in a scanning tunneling microscope. We show such arrangements can produce photoinduced tunnel currents of several hundred picoamperes, sufficient for stable STM operation and sensitive enough to detect nanowatt variations in the incident optical power.
TriggerNER: Learning with Entity Triggers as Explanations for Named Entity Recognition (2020)

Training neural models for named entity recognition (NER) in a new domain often requires additional human annotations (e.g., tens of thousands of labeled instances) that are usually expensive and time-consuming to collect. Thus, a crucial research question is how to obtain supervision in a cost-effective way. In this paper, we introduce "entity triggers," an effective proxy of human explanations for facilitating label-efficient learning of NER models. An entity trigger is defined as a group of words in a sentence that helps to explain why humans would recognize an entity in the sentence. We crowd-sourced 14k entity triggers for two well-studied NER datasets. Our proposed model, Trigger Matching Network, jointly learns trigger representations and soft matching module with self-attention such that can generalize to unseen sentences easily for tagging. Our framework is significantly more cost-effective than the traditional neural NER frameworks. Experiments show that using only 20% of the trigger-annotated sentences results in a comparable performance as using 70% of conventional annotated sentences.
Aging and sex affect soluble alpha klotho levels in bonobos and chimpanzees (2018)

We suggest that contrasting sex differences in adult α-Kl levels mirror the dominance relations between females and males of the two <i>Pan</i> species; and that this might be related to corresponding sex differences in their exposure to stress. In humans, higher cortisol levels were found to be related to lower α-Kl levels. We conclude that there is great potential for studying aging processes in hominoids, and perhaps also in other non-human primates, by measuring α-Kl levels. To better understand the causes for sex differences in this aging marker, consideration of behavioural parameters such as competition and stress exposure will be required as well as other physiological markers.
Gates and wavelength converters for ATM optical switching (1993)

Optical Integrated Broadband Communication Networks (IBCN) will provide high throughput, so it is convenient to keep the information on optical form during the switching process to avoid the conversion between high bitrate optical and electronic signals. Techniques for photonic switching are consequently subject to tremendous interest. Central components for the optical switching process are gates and wavelength converters where the latter enables use of the wavelength dimension that is unique relative to electronic switching.
Direct purification of lysozyme from hen egg white using high density mixed mode adsorbent (1999)

The high density mixed mode adsorbent known by the trade name of Mimo- AD was used to purify lysozyme directly from the hen egg white (HEW). The homogenized hen egg white was treated with the adsorbent in a stirred vessel for lysozyme adsorption, and then the adsorbent, easily separated from the HEW by sedimentation, was packed into a column. The remaining HEW and contaminant proteins were removed by washing with pH 11 distilled water in an expanded-bed state, and subsequently the elution was performed with pH 12 distilled water in a packed-bed state. By this simple and rapid adsorption, washing, and elution procedure, lysozyme was purified to &gt;95% with an overall recovery yield of 66%. This process offers a great potential for industrial application by allowing the extraction of lysozyme while retaining the commercial value of HEW.
QoS-Aware Autonomic Resource Management in Cloud Computing (2015)

As computing infrastructure expands, resource management in a large, heterogeneous, and distributed environment becomes a challenging task. In a cloud environment, with uncertainty and dispersion of resources, one encounters problems of allocation of resources, which is caused by things such as heterogeneity, dynamism, and failures. Unfortunately, existing resource management techniques, frameworks, and mechanisms are insufficient to handle these environments, applications, and resource behaviors. To provide efficient performance of workloads and applications, the aforementioned characteristics should be addressed effectively. This research depicts a broad methodical literature analysis of autonomic resource management in the area of the cloud in general and QoS (Quality of Service)-aware autonomic resource management specifically. The current status of autonomic resource management in cloud computing is distributed into various categories. Methodical analysis of autonomic resource management in cloud computing and its techniques are described as developed by various industry and academic groups. Further, taxonomy of autonomic resource management in the cloud has been presented. This research work will help researchers find the important characteristics of autonomic resource management and will also help to select the most suitable technique for autonomic resource management in a specific application along with significant future research directions.
Baking High‐Ratio White Layer Cakes with Microwave Energy (1981)

ABSTRACT Microwave energy was evaluated as a means of baking high‐ratio white‐layer cakes by considering the effects of various processing conditions and amounts of ingredients. Minimal water in cakes baked with microwave energy did not result in surface collapse as with cakes baked by conventional means. As the amount of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate in the baking powder blend was increased, volume and specific volume decreased and crumb firmness and internal score increased. There was no evidence of any significant internal nor surface batter flow in the conventional cake, while in the microwave cake considerable batter flow was observed on the surface and internally in the upper central regions of the cake. Scanning electron micrograph showed differences in cell structure between both types of cake. The cells in the center of the cake baked with microwave energy were more irregular and had thicker cell walls than the conventional cake.
Clinical significance of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA as marker of HCV infection (1994)

We have evaluated the clinical significance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA determination by analyzing a group of 221 hospitalized patients with abnormal liver function tests. Serum HCV RNA was detected by "nested" PCR amplification followed by nonisotopic hybridization. Of the 200 (90.5%) patients with anti-HCV-positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results, 152 (76%) were RIBA reactive, 47 (23.5%) had indeterminate results, and 1 (0.5%) was nonreactive. Of the 180 (90%) patients positive for anti-HCV and HCV RNA, 138 (76.7%) were RIBA reactive and 42 (23.3%) were RIBA indeterminate. The pattern of RIBA reactivity did not correlate with the presence of HCV RNA. Elevated alanine aminotransferase levels were associated neither with the presence of viremia nor with the RIBA pattern. Histological findings consistent with non-A non-B hepatitis correlated with the presence of HCV RNA but not with the RIBA pattern. HCV RNA was detected in 11 of 21 (52.4%) anti-HCV-negative patients. These 11 patients were either immunosuppressed or in the prodromic phase of acute hepatitis C. Circulating HCV RNA can therefore be described as being predictive of virus-induced liver damage in anti-HCV-positive patients and may be useful in the diagnosis of HCV infection in anti-HCV-negative immunosuppressed patients or in those with early acute infection.