gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal modulation of corticospinal excitability in adults with Asperger’s syndrome (2012)

Most candidate genes and genetic abnormalities linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are thought to play a role in developmental and experience-dependent plasticity. As a possible index of plasticity, we assessed the modulation of motor corticospinal excitability in individuals with Asperger's syndrome (AS) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We measured the modulatory effects of theta-burst stimulation (TBS) on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single-pulse TMS in individuals with AS as compared with age-, gender- and IQ-matched neurotypical controls. The effect of TBS lasted significantly longer in the AS group. The duration of the TBS-induced modulation alone enabled the reliable classification of a second study cohort of subjects as AS or neurotypical. The alteration in the modulation of corticospinal excitability in AS is thought to reflect aberrant mechanisms of plasticity, and might provide a valuable future diagnostic biomarker for the disease and ultimately offer a target for novel therapeutic interventions.
Intraperitoneal Radioimmunotherapy with a Humanized Anti-TAG-72 (CC49) Antibody with a Deleted CH2 Region (2005)

The application of intraperitoneal (i.p.) radioimmunotherapy to treat i.p. tumor loci has been limited by bone marrow toxicity secondary to circulating radiolabeled antibodies. The generation of novel genetically engineered monoclonal antibodies, which can achieve high tumor uptake and rapid blood clearance, should enhance the therapeutic index of i.p. radioimmunotherapy. In this regard, a novel humanized anti-TAG-72 monoclonal antibody with a deleted CH2 region (HuCC49DeltaCH2) has been described, which localized well to subcutaneous xenograft tumors and had a rapid plasma clearance. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of this radiolabeled reagent when administered through the i.p. route in mice bearing i.p. tumor (LS174T). The DeltaCH2 molecule and intact humanized CC49 (HuCC49) monoclonal antibody were conjugated to PA-DOTA and radiolabeled with (177)Lu. Both molecules retained high-affinity binding to TAG-72 positive LS174T tumor cells in vitro. The radiolabeled DeltaCH2 molecule had a modest decrease in tumor localization, as compared to the intact molecule when administered i.p. to tumor-bearing mice and a dramatically shorter plasma disappearance T(1/2) at 2.7 hours compared to 61.2 hours for the intact antibody. The radiolabeled DeltaCH2 molecule thus had very high tumor:blood ratios. Using an (131)I-labeled system, the maximum tolerated dose of DeltaCH2 was >3x that of intact HuCC49. Autoradiography of tumors showed low radiation dose rates at tumor centers early (1 and 4 hours), as compared to higher dose rates at tumor periphery but a more uniform distribution by 24 hours. Dose-rate distributions were similar for both reagents. Animals bearing LS174T i.p. tumors were treated with 300 microCi of (177)Lu-labeled DeltaCH2 or intact HuCC49 by i.p. route daily x 3. The (177)Lu-DeltaCH(2) molecule mediated an increase in median survival compared to controls (67.5 +/- 7.5 days versus controls of 32 +/- 3.3) while the same dose of (177)Lu-HuCC49 produced early toxic deaths. These studies suggest that i.p. radioimmunotherapy using radiolabeled HuCC49DeltaCH2 should allow higher radiation doses to be administered with less marrow toxicity and potentially improved efficacy.
Nondestructive analysis of automotive paints with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2016)

We have demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an analytical tool for nondestructively characterizing the individual paint layer thickness of multiple layered automotive paints. A graph-based segmentation method was used for automatic analysis of the thickness distribution for the top layers of solid color paints. The thicknesses measured with OCT were in good agreement with the optical microscope and ultrasonic techniques that are the current standard in the automobile industry. Because of its high axial resolution (5.5 μm), the OCT technique was shown to be able to resolve the thickness of individual paint layers down to 11 μm. With its high lateral resolution (12.4 μm), the OCT system was also able to measure the cross-sectional area of the aluminum flakes in a metallic automotive paint. The range of values measured was 300-1850 μm<sup>2</sup>. In summary, the proposed OCT is a noncontact, high-resolution technique that has the potential for inclusion as part of the quality assurance process in automobile coating.
Action of heptaminol hydrochloride on contractile properties in frog isolated twitch muscle fibre (1991)

1. Heptaminol stopped or delayed the progressive decline in tension which characterizes the phenomenon of fatigue in frog isolated twitch muscle fibre. 2. Heptaminol had no action on the sodium, potassium and calcium voltage-dependent ionic conductances. 3. The hypothesis of an action via an internal alkalinization was tested by comparison with the action of NH4Cl. Both substances increased the tension. 4. The action of heptaminol was suppressed in sodium-free (TRIS) solution or in the presence of amiloride while the action of NH4Cl was always observed. 5. These results could be explained by a stimulation of the Na/H antiport by heptaminol.
Zero-Cost Proxies for Lightweight NAS (2021)

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is quickly becoming the standard methodology to design neural network models. However, NAS is typically compute-intensive because multiple models need to be evaluated before choosing the best one. To reduce the computational power and time needed, a proxy task is often used for evaluating each model instead of full training. In this paper, we evaluate conventional reduced-training proxies and quantify how well they preserve ranking between multiple models during search when compared with the rankings produced by final trained accuracy. We propose a series of zero-cost proxies, based on recent pruning literature, that use just a single minibatch of training data to compute a model's score. Our zero-cost proxies use 3 orders of magnitude less computation but can match and even outperform conventional proxies. For example, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between final validation accuracy and our best zero-cost proxy on NAS-Bench-201 is 0.82, compared to 0.61 for EcoNAS (a recently proposed reduced-training proxy). Finally, we use these zero-cost proxies to enhance existing NAS search algorithms such as random search, reinforcement learning, evolutionary search and predictor-based search. For all search methodologies and across three different NAS datasets, we are able to significantly improve sample efficiency, and thereby decrease computation, by using our zero-cost proxies. For example on NAS-Bench-101, we achieved the same accuracy 4$\times$ quicker than the best previous result. Our code is made public at: https://github.com/mohsaied/zero-cost-nas.
Quantitative measurement of the degradation of EMI shielding and mating flange materials after environmental exposure (2002)

A test program that demonstrated that the electrical degradation of a conductive elastomer-aluminum flange joint could be determined using shielding effectiveness measurements is described. Two tests were developed. One measures the degradation of shielding effectiveness of a simulated gasketed enclosure seam (test set). Shielding effectiveness measurements are made at frequencies up to 10 GHz. The second test method yields a quantitative scale of conductive elastomer corrosivity (galvanic compatibility) and a quantitative measure of DC electrical degradation of the conductive elastomer. The tests demonstrated that a Ag-Al gasket/aluminum flange joint was more stable than a nickel-coated graphite gasket/aluminum flange joint after 192 h of sulfur dioxide salt fog exposure. This result reflects the greater stability of the Ag-Al gasket and the better galvanic compatibility of the Ag-Al gasket with the aluminum flange.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-scale visual tracking by sequential belief propagation (2004)

A novel statistical method is proposed in this paper to overcome abrupt motion for robust visual tracking. Existing tracking methods that are based on the small motion assumption are vulnerable to abrupt motion, which may be induced by various factors, such as the unexpected dynamics changes of the target, frame dropping and camera motion, etc. Although with computational benefits, methods based on hierarchical search is inadequate to this problem because the propagation of the searching error may end up with bad estimates in fine scales. Since different scales contain different salient image features, we propose a new formulation in which searching and matching will be done collaboratively in different scales. The theoretical foundation of this new approach is based on dynamic Markov networks, where the bi-directional propagation of the belief of the target's posteriors on different scales reveals the collaboration among them. A nonparametric sequential belief propagation algorithm for the dynamic Markov network is developed by implementing the collaboration of a set of particle filters. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method to cope with various types of abrupt motions.
A Polarization Splitter and Rotator Based on a Partially Etched Grating-Assisted Coupler (2016)

A fabrication-tolerant mid-infrared silicon polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) based on a partially etched grating-assisted coupler is proposed. The design of the partially etched structure allows to use different cladding layers, such as SiO2, to make the device compatible with the metal back-end of line process. Moreover, by using the grating-assisted coupler, the device is no longer limited by the precise requirement of the coupling length and strength as those in its counterparts based on directional couplers. The simulation results show that the PSR can work over a wide spectral range of 50 nm around the mid-infrared wavelength of 2.5 μm with the typical transverse electric (TE) to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization conversion efficiency of 96.83%, the conversion loss of -0.97 dB, and the polarization crosstalk of -21.48 dB. The TM-to-TM through insertion loss is around -0.76 dB. The effects of the fabrication errors are analyzed. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the device has a good fabrication tolerance larger than 45 nm.
GCG: Production of Multiple Sequence Alignment (2003)

Multiple sequence alignment is one of the most challenging lems in biocomputing. Sequence comparison, averaging, and so ticated editing are required to make the computer do wha researcher wants to do. However, frequently complaints are that an alignment is “bad” or “insufficient” if calculated auto cally. This is because of the fact that the computer does only pair alignments and comparisons, and compiles these results in a se step to produce the multiple sequence alignment. Further, the resea implies automatically which regions are to be “conserved” (i.e. to be interrupted by gaps or misaligned) and which sequence ments are less essential. Computationally, only match and mism scores are known at the beginning of an alignment, and feature conserved regions are established only during the program run.
High frequency of intestinal T <sub>H</sub> 17 cells correlates with microbiota alterations and disease activity in multiple sclerosis (2017)

T helper 17 (T<sub>H</sub>17) cells are key players in multiple sclerosis (MS), and studies in animal models demonstrated that effector T<sub>H</sub>17 cells that trigger brain autoimmunity originate in the intestine. We validate in humans the crucial role of the intestinal environment in promoting T<sub>H</sub>17 cell expansion in MS patients. We found that increased frequency of T<sub>H</sub>17 cells correlates with high disease activity and with specific alterations of the gut mucosa-associated microbiota in MS patients. By using 16<i>S</i> ribosomal RNA sequencing, we analyzed the microbiota isolated from small intestinal tissues and found that MS patients with high disease activity and increased intestinal T<sub>H</sub>17 cell frequency showed a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased relative abundance of <i>Streptococcus</i>, and decreased <i>Prevotella</i> strains compared to healthy controls and MS patients with no disease activity. We demonstrated that the intestinal T<sub>H</sub>17 cell frequency is inversely related to the relative abundance of <i>Prevotella</i> strains in the human small intestine. Our data demonstrate that brain autoimmunity is associated with specific microbiota modifications and excessive T<sub>H</sub>17 cell expansion in the human intestine.
[3D reconstruction based on sub-pixel points of structured light]. (2009)

In this paper, a method for detecting sub-pixel points based on zero-crossing detection combined with Steger's curvilinear detector has been presented. Finally, the feasibility and validity of this method has been confirmed by the experiment.
Single-photon emitting diode in silicon carbide (2015)

Electrically driven single-photon emitting devices have immediate applications in quantum cryptography, quantum computation and single-photon metrology. Mature device fabrication protocols and the recent observations of single defect systems with quantum functionalities make silicon carbide an ideal material to build such devices. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of bright single-photon emitting diodes. The electrically driven emitters display fully polarized output, superior photon statistics (with a count rate of >300 kHz) and stability in both continuous and pulsed modes, all at room temperature. The atomic origin of the single-photon source is proposed. These results provide a foundation for the large scale integration of single-photon sources into a broad range of applications, such as quantum cryptography or linear optics quantum computing.
Current Trends in Pretreatment and Fractionation of Lignocellulose as Reflected in Industrial Patent Activities (2015)

Abstract The pretreatment process to disintegrate lignocellulose and to fractionate its three main components hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, is a crucial step to enable sustainable and economic value chains based on biomass feedstock. This review provides an overview of the recent patenting activities on pretreatment. Most of these activities focus on optimization of different known processes to improve economics, such as increased catalyst efficiency, effluents recirculation, or lignin valorization. However, also a number of patents and demonstration activities based on emerging concepts for pretreatments are observed.
Towards Wearable Physiological Monitoring on a Mobile Phone (2011)

In this chapter, we present our experience in using mobile phones as a platform for real-time physiological monitoring and analysis. In particular, we describe in detail the TripleBeat system, a research prototype that assists runners in achieving predefined exercise goals via musical feedback, a glanceable interface for increased personal awareness and a virtual competition. We believe that systems like TripleBeat will play an important role in assisting users towards healthier and more active lifestyles.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Formation of self-assembled epitaxial nickel nanostructures (2003)

Highly orientated nickel magnetic nanoparticles were obtained by pulsed laser deposition technique on silicon (100) substrate using epitaxial titanium nitride film as the template. These nanoparticles have been characterized by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy Z-contrast imaging, and x-ray diffraction techniques. The results have shown that the growth of nickel on epitaxially grown titanium nitride follows a three-dimensional island growth mechanism. The predominant orientation of nickel islands observed is Ni(100)∥TiN(100)∥Si(100), the so-called “cube-on-cube” orientation relation. The islands are faceted with a truncated pyramidal shape and bounded by (111) planes at sides and (100) plane at the top. Islands with nontruncated pyramidal shape were also found in some samples, but with rotational orientation relations, where the nickel crystal rotates with an approximate angle of 90° with respect to one of TiN 〈110〉 directions parallel to the interface. The appearance of this rotational epitaxial growth did not show any obvious deposition temperature dependence in the range of 400–650 °C, rather it seemed to be closely related to the crystalline quality of TiN template. The actual size of islands varies from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers, depending on the deposition time and temperature. The three-dimensional growth of nickel islands and the island faceting could be explained by the surface energy anisotropy of both nickel and titanium nitride.
Alterations of cellular bioenergetics in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (2007)

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is pathogenetically related to low levels of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Because NO regulates cellular respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis, we hypothesized that abnormalities of bioenergetics may be present in IPAH. Evaluation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells from IPAH and control lungs in vitro revealed that oxygen consumption of IPAH cells was decreased, especially in state 3 respiration with substrates glutamate-malate or succinate, and this decrease paralleled reduction in Complex IV activity and IPAH cellular NO synthesis. IPAH pulmonary artery endothelial cells had decreased mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and lowered mitochondrial numbers per cell and mitochondrial DNA content, all of which increased after exposure to NO donors. Although IPAH/pulmonary artery endothelial cells' ATP content was similar to control under normoxia, cellular ATP did not change significantly in IPAH cells under hypoxia, whereas ATP decreased 35% in control cells, identifying a greater dependence on cellular respiration for energy in control cells. Evidence that glucose metabolism was subserving the primary role for energy requirements of IPAH cells was provided by the approximately 3-fold greater glycolytic rate of IPAH cells. Positron emission tomography scan with [18F]fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose performed on IPAH patients and healthy controls revealed significantly higher uptake in IPAH lungs as compared with controls, confirming that the glycolytic rate was increased in vivo. Thus, there are substantial changes in bioenergetics of IPAH endothelial cells, which may have consequences for pulmonary hypertensive responses and potentially in development of novel imaging modalities for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment.
Emotion Recognition from Skeletal Movements (2019)

Automatic emotion recognition has become an important trend in many artificial intelligence (AI) based applications and has been widely explored in recent years. Most research in the area of automated emotion recognition is based on facial expressions or speech signals. Although the influence of the emotional state on body movements is undeniable, this source of expression is still underestimated in automatic analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel method to recognise seven basic emotional states-namely, happy, sad, surprise, fear, anger, disgust and neutral-utilising body movement. We analyse motion capture data under seven basic emotional states recorded by professional actor/actresses using Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor. We propose a new representation of affective movements, based on sequences of body joints. The proposed algorithm creates a sequential model of affective movement based on low level features inferred from the spacial location and the orientation of joints within the tracked skeleton. In the experimental results, different deep neural networks were employed and compared to recognise the emotional state of the acquired motion sequences. The experimental results conducted in this work show the feasibility of automatic emotion recognition from sequences of body gestures, which can serve as an additional source of information in multimodal emotion recognition.
Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2018)

Cells can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) to communicate with neighboring or distant cells by EVs which are composed of a lipid bilayer containing transmembrane proteins and enclosing cytosolic proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Breast Cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy with more than 1 million new cases each year and ranks the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. In this review, we will discuss recent progresses of the roles and mechanisms of cancer-derived EVs in metastatic breast cancer, with a special attention on tumor microenvironment construction, progression, and chemo/radiotherapy responses. This review also covers EV roles as biomarker and therapeutic target in clinical application.
Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS‐CoV‐2 (2020)

From the beginning of 2002 and 2012, severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) crossed the species barriers to infect humans, causing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths, respectively. Currently, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has become the cause of the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was discovered. Until 18 February 2020, there were 72 533 confirmed COVID-19 cases (including 10 644 severe cases) and 1872 deaths in China. SARS-CoV-2 is spreading among the public and causing substantial burden due to its human-to-human transmission. However, the intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 is still unclear. Finding the possible intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 is imperative to prevent further spread of the epidemic. In this study, we used systematic comparison and analysis to predict the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of coronavirus spike protein and the host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The interaction between the key amino acids of S protein RBD and ACE2 indicated that, other than pangolins and snakes, as previously suggested, turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii, Chelonia mydas, and Pelodiscus sinensis) may act as the potential intermediate hosts transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to humans.
Effects of Calcitonin on Subchondral Trabecular Bone Changes and on Osteoarthritic Cartilage Lesions After Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency (2004)

Nonoperated (N-OP) knees were normal in both groups. In the PL-treated group, ACLT knees all exhibited OA changes, which predominated in the medial knee compartment. Furthermore, compared with N-OP knees, the BMD and BVF of ACLT joints were both markedly reduced in medial TP but not in lateral TP. In contrast, in the CT-treated group, cartilage OA lesions of ACLT knees were significantly reduced, and there was no difference in BMD and BFV between N-OP and ACLT knees. These findings suggest that the loss of subchondral trabeculae contributes to cartilage breakdown, possibly by enhancing cartilage deformation on joint loading. By counteracting bone loss, CT reduced cartilage OA lesions, and thus, might be useful in the treatment of OA in cruciate-deficient dogs.