gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Type 1 Phosphatase, a Negative Regulator of Cardiac Function (2002)

Increases in type 1 phosphatase (PP1) activity have been observed in end stage human heart failure, but the role of this enzyme in cardiac function is unknown. To elucidate the functional significance of increased PP1 activity, we generated models with (i) overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PP1 in murine hearts and (ii) ablation of the PP1-specific inhibitor. Overexpression of PP1 (threefold) was associated with depressed cardiac function, dilated cardiomyopathy, and premature mortality, consistent with heart failure. Ablation of the inhibitor was associated with moderate increases in PP1 activity (23%) and impaired beta-adrenergic contractile responses. Extension of these findings to human heart failure indicated that the increased PP1 activity may be partially due to dephosphorylation or inactivation of its inhibitor. Indeed, expression of a constitutively active inhibitor was associated with rescue of beta-adrenergic responsiveness in failing human myocytes. Thus, PP1 is an important regulator of cardiac function, and inhibition of its activity may represent a novel therapeutic target in heart failure.
Printing Behavior of Roll Surface Texture to Hot-dip Galvanized Steel Sheet in Temper Rolling (2009)

Surface texture plays an important role in product quality of steel sheet, which may reduce friction in sheet metal forming and improve paint appearance, especially in the automotive industry. Temper rolling is one of the key processes to determine the surface texture, because it is finally printed by appropriate work-roll surface.However, the printing behavior of surface texture from work-roll to steel sheet are not sufficiently understood, and the qualitative prediction are necessary for higher quality and adequate production operation. The requirements become larger for widely used hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, but the printing behavior has not been clarified.Therefore, the paper is concerned with the printing behaviors of roll surface textures on hot-dip galvanized steel surface in temper rolling. Firstly, the printing behavior is experimentally investigated by using different work-roll surfaces. Then, as representative parameters, average roughness, peak per inch and waviness are characterized. Also, the mutual relations among the parameters are discussed and possible method to predict the surface parameters is proposed and evaluated.
Digital power amplifier: A new way to exploit the switched-capacitor circuit (2012)

A digital power amplifier (DPA) that uses switched-capacitor circuits in 90 nm CMOS to efficiently amplify signals with large peak-toaverage power ratios is described in this article. In traditional DPAs, a digital code word representing a desired output envelope voltage is used to control a combination of wide-dynamic range current sources. In contrast, the switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) provides a linear output characteristic by using the digital code word to selectively switch or not switch a bank of integrated capacitors at the RF carrier frequency. Therefore, the SCPA combines the functionalities of an envelope DAC and a power amplifier, and achieves excellent efficiency and output power levels. The SCPA benefits from CMOS transistor scaling, which makes RF SOC integration realizable.
Breast density mapping based upon system calibration, x-ray techniques, and FFDM images (2007)

Clinical studies have correlated a high breast density to a women's risk of breast cancer. A breast density measurement that can quantitatively depict the volume distribution and percentage of dense tissues in breasts would be very useful for risk factor assessment of breast cancer, and might be more predictive of risks than the common but subjective and coarse 4-point BIRADS scale. This paper proposes to use a neural-network mapping to compute the breast density information based upon system calibration data, x-ray techniques, and Full Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) images. The mapping consists of four modules, namely, system calibration, generator of beam quality, generator of normalized absorption, and a multi-layer feed-forward neural network. As the core of breast density mapping, the network accepts x-ray target/filter combination, normalized x-ray absorption, pixel-wise breast thickness map, and x-ray beam quality during image acquisition as input elements, and exports a pixel-wise breast density distribution and a single breast density percentage for the imaged breast. Training and testing data sets for the design and verification of the network were formulated from calibrated x-ray beam quality, imaging data with a step wedge phantom under a variety x-ray imaging techniques, and nominal breast densities of tissue equivalent materials. The network was trained using a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm based back-propagation learning method. Various thickness and glandular density phantom studies were performed with clinical x-ray techniques. Preliminary results showed that the neural network mapping is promising in accurately computing glandular density distribution and breast density percentage.
Green laser light activates the inner ear (2009)

The hearing performance with conventional hearing aids and cochlear implants is dramatically reduced in noisy environments and for sounds more complex than speech (e. g. music), partially due to the lack of localized sensorineural activation across different frequency regions with these devices. Laser light can be focused in a controlled manner and may provide more localized activation of the inner ear, the cochlea. We sought to assess whether visible light with parameters that could induce an optoacoustic effect (532 nm, 10-ns pulses) would activate the cochlea. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded preoperatively in anesthetized guinea pigs to confirm normal hearing. After opening the bulla, a 50-microm core-diameter optical fiber was positioned in the round window niche and directed toward the basilar membrane. Optically induced ABRs (OABRs), similar in shape to those of acoustic stimulation, were elicited with single pulses. The OABR peaks increased with energy level (0.6 to 23 microJ/pulse) and remained consistent even after 30 minutes of continuous stimulation at 13 microJ, indicating minimal or no stimulation-induced damage within the cochlea. Our findings demonstrate that visible light can effectively and reliably activate the cochlea without any apparent damage. Further studies are in progress to investigate the frequency-specific nature and mechanism of green light cochlear activation.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL AMINO‐SUBSTITUTED 3‐QUINOLINECARBOXYLIC ACID ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (1985)

Abstract Dargestellt werden die Oxodihydrochinolinone (VIII) und (IX), deren antibakterielle Aktivität bestimmt wird.
A Novel Method for Continuous Online Glucose Monitoring in Humans: The Comparative Microdialysis Technique (2001)

The aim of this study was to prove the feasibility of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring in humans using the comparative microdialysis technique (CMT). The performance of the CMT was determined by comparing tissue glucose values with venous or capillary blood glucose values in healthy volunteers and type 1 diabetic subjects. The CMT is a microdialysis-based system for continuous online glucose monitoring in humans. This technique does not require calibration by the patient. Physiological saline with glucose (5.5 mM) is pumped in a stop-flow mode through a microdialysis probe inserted into the abdominal s.c. tissue. Tissue glucose concentration is calculated by comparing the dialysate and perfusate glucose concentrations. The time delay due to the measurement process is 9 min. We tested the CMT on six healthy volunteers and six type 1 diabetic patients for 24 h in our clinical setting. Comparisons were made to HemoCue analyzer (Angelholm, Sweden) capillary blood glucose measurements (healthy volunteers) and to venous blood glucose concentration determined with a Hitachi analyzer (diabetic patients). The mean absolute relative error of the CMT glucose values from the blood glucose values was 17.8+/-15.5% (n = 167) for the healthy volunteers and 11.0+/-10.8% (n = 425) for the diabetic patients. The mean difference was 0.42+/-1.06 mM (healthy volunteers) and -0.17+/-1.22 mM (diabetic patients). Error grid analysis for the values obtained in diabetic patients demonstrated that 99% of CMT glucose values were within clinically acceptable regions (regions A and B of the Clarke Error Grid). The study results show that the CMT is an accurate technique for continuous online glucose monitoring.
Degradation of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) Using Mechanically Alloyed Mg/Pd (2009)

Abstract A heterogenous catalytic system consisting of mechanically alloyed Mg/Pd particles has been used to degrade the peroxide explosive, triacetone triperoxide (TATP). The degradation of the TATP with the Mg/Pd particles (half life of 1.2×10 1 min) was compared to the degradation with microscale Mg particles (half life of 1.7×10 3 min) and 10% Pd on activated carbon (half life of 8.7×10 2 min). Combining the Mg and Pd on carbon (Pd/C) through a mechanical alloying process is shown to produce reactive particles that can be used to degrade TATP. The major product of the degradation of TATP with mechanically alloyed Mg/Pd particles was acetone. A material balance for carbon was also calculated for the degradation reaction with 94±5% (mean±standard deviation) of the TATP carbons accounted for in the production of acetone.
Cell-Based Methods for the Identification of MYC-Inhibitory Small Molecules (2013)

Oncoproteins encoded by dominant oncogenes have long been considered as targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. However, oncogenic transcription factors have often been dismissed as "undruggable." Members of Myc family of transcription factors have been identified as promising targets for cancer chemotherapy in multiple publications reporting the requirement of Myc proteins for maintenance of almost every type of tumor. Here, we describe cell-based approaches to identify c-Myc small molecule inhibitors by screening complex libraries of diverse small molecules based on Myc functionality and specificity.
Retraction Notice for Carbon Nanotubes Are Able To Penetrate Plant Seed Coat and Dramatically Affect Seed Germination and Plant Growth (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionRetraction Notice for Carbon Nanotubes Are Able To Penetrate Plant Seed Coat and Dramatically Affect Seed Germination and Plant GrowthMariya Khodakovskaya*, Enkeleda Dervishi, Meena Mahmood, Yang Xu, Zhongrui Li, Fumiya Watanabe, and Alexandru S. Biris*Cite this: ACS Nano 2012, 6, 8, 7541Publication Date (Web):August 20, 2012Publication History Received3 July 2012Published online20 August 2012Published inissue 28 August 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn302965whttps://doi.org/10.1021/nn302965wcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4669Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (45 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Catalysts,Germination,Morphology,Plants Get e-Alerts
Mixed-Backbone Oligonucleotides Containing Segments of Deoxynucleosides Phosphorothioate and 2'-<i>O</i>-Methylribonucleosides Methylphosphonate: Synthesis and Properties (1999)

Synthesis of mixed-backbone oligonucleotides containing segments of deoxynucleoside. phosphorothioate and 2'-O-methylribonucleoside methylphosphonate have been achieved by using N-Pent-4-enoyl (PNT) heterocyclic base-protected 2'-O-methylribonucleoside methylphosphonamidites. Use of PNT for heterocyclic base-protection allows the deprotection to be carried out under milder conditions without affecting base labile methylphosphonate internucleotide linkages. New MBOs have reduced phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages while maintaining affinity with target RNA and are stable towards nucleases.
Interactive acoustic modeling of complex environments (1999)

A primary challenge in acoustic modeling is computation of reverberation paths from sound sources fast enough for real-time auralization. This talk describes a system that uses precomputed spatial subdivision and ‘‘beam tree’’ data structures to enable real-time acoustic modeling and auralization in interactive virtual environments. The spatial subdivision is a partition of 3-D space into convex polyhedral regions (cells) represented as a cell adjacency graph. A beam-tracing algorithm recursively traces pyramidal beams through the spatial subdivision to construct a beam tree data structure representing the regions of space reachable by each potential sequence of transmission and specular reflection events at cell boundaries. From these precomputed data structures, high-order specular reflection and transmission paths can be computed at interactive rates to spatialize fixed sound sources in real-time as the user moves through a virtual environment. Unlike previous acoustic modeling work, this beam-tracing method: (1) supports evaluation of reverberation paths at interactive rates, (2) scales to compute high-order reflections and large environments, and (3) extends naturally to compute paths of diffraction and diffuse reflection efficiently. A system based on this method is being used to develop interactive applications in which a user experiences a virtual environment immersively via simultaneous auralization and visualization.
Colonoscopy Peer Review Utilizing Automated Video Capture (2009)

Purpose: Colonoscopy is the screening modality of choice for detecting early colorectal cancer in the United States. Several retrospective reports show that colorectal cancers may appear within 3 years of a colonoscopy, suggesting some polyps or cancers are missed. Despite these findings, no standardized, validated method exists to objectively evaluate the skill set of an endoscopist. Aim: to evaluate an anonymous, automated video capture system used in conjunction with novel software to facilitate peer review of endoscopic performance, and to see if higher quality exams correlate with withdrawal time. Methods: Existing infrastructure and software were used to capture entire colonoscopies which were then stored as digital video files and reviewed anonymously. Video colonoscopy files were randomly obtained from 2 endoscopy suites at Mayo Clinic-Rochester over the course of 4 days in 2007. Three endoscopists with varied endoscopic experience (1 fellow, 1 junior staff and 1 senior staff) reviewed a set of 24 anonymous video colonoscopies, and provided feedback via a graphical user interface. The 3 reviewers were asked to assign numerical scores on several parameters: adequacy of colonic mucosal visualization including the proximal side of haustral folds, flexures, rectal valves and the ileocecal valve (0-100), adequacy of removal of fluid/feces during exam (0-10), and adequacy of luminal distention during exam (0-10). Additionally, reviewers identified key time points during each colonoscopy and a withdrawal time was calculated. Results: The panel of 3 individual reviewers demonstrated agreement when asked to evaluate 24 random colonoscopy video files of varied quality. Specifically, the intraobserver agreement for the visualization score (0-100) was good, reflected by a disagreement range of 19 ± 13 (Mean+SD). Similarly, scores for adequacy of fluid/feces removal (0-10) and adequacy of luminal distention (0-10), showed good agreement also reflected by low intra-observer disagreement; range 2.0 ± 1.3, and 2.1 ± 1.5 (Mean+SD), respectively. There was no relationship between visualization score and withdrawal time for each reviewed case: least squares analysis showed no correlation between the two (R2 = 0.04). Conclusion: Our results show that a standardized, anonymous method utilizing video capture and new software technology allows effective and consistent peer review of individual colonoscopies. The close agreement among reviewers suggests that this peer review method is independent of the evaluator's experience. Therefore, our method can be used to ensure that an endoscopist meets a minimal standard of quality, assessed in an anonymous and reproducible fashion. Our results question the utility of withdrawal time as a standard for quality. Disclosure: PC de Groen - stock in EndoMetric J Wong - stock in EndoMetric W Tavanapong - stock in EndoMetric J Oh - stock in EndoMetric.
Complement proteins C5b-9 cause release of membrane vesicles from the platelet surface that are enriched in the membrane receptor for coagulation factor Va and express prothrombinase activity. (1988)

We have investigated the composition and function of membrane microparticles released from platelets exposed to the C5b-9 proteins of the complement system. Gel-filtered human platelets were incubated with sub-lytic amounts of the purified C5b-9 proteins and the distribution of surface antigens was analyzed using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. C5b-9 assembly caused secretory fusion of the alpha-granule membrane with the plasma membrane and the release of membrane vesicles (approximately 0.1-micron diameter) that contained the plasma membrane glycoproteins (GP) GP Ib and GP IIb-IIIa as well as the alpha-granule membrane protein GMP-140. These microparticles were highly enriched in the C9 neoantigen of the C5b-9 complex. The apparent surface density of C5b-9 on the microparticles was approximately 10(3)-fold higher than on the platelet itself, suggesting that the vesicles were selectively shed from the plasma membrane at the site of C5b-9 insertion. C5b-9 induced the expression of an activation-dependent epitope (recognized by monoclonal antibody, PAC1) in GP IIb-IIIa on the platelet surface but not in GP IIb-IIIa on the microparticles. The surface of the microparticles was also highly enriched in alpha-granule-derived coagulation factor V (or Va), accounting for nearly half of all the membrane-bound factor V detected. The number of potential membrane binding sites for factor Va was probed by adding saturating concentrations of factor Va light chain. Under these conditions, the density of factor Va binding sites on the microparticle surface exceeded that on the C5b-9-treated platelet by three to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, the microparticles provided most of the membrane surface for conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by VaXa. These studies demonstrate that the microparticles shed by C5b-9-treated platelets (and not the platelets themselves) provide the principal binding sites for coagulation factor Va and the principal catalytic surface for the prothrombinase complex. Platelet-derived microparticles formed during complement activation in vivo could provide a membrane surface that facilitates the assembly and dissemination of procoagulant enzyme complexes.
Ergodic and Outage Performance of Fading Broadcast Channels With 1-Bit Feedback (2009)

In this paper, the ergodic sum rate and the outage probability of a downlink single-antenna channel with K users are analyzed in the presence of Rayleigh flat fading, where limited channel state information (CSI) feedback is assumed. Specifically, only 1-bit feedback per fading block per user is available at the base station. We first study the ergodic sum rate of the 1-bit feedback scheme and consider the impact of feedback delay on the system. A closed-form expression for the achievable ergodic sum rate is presented as a function of the fading temporal correlation coefficient. It is proved that the sum rate scales as log log K, which is the same scaling law achieved by the optimal nondelayed full CSI feedback scheme. The sum-rate degradation due to outdated CSI is also evaluated in the asymptotic regimes of either large K or low SNR. The outage performance of the 1-bit feedback scheme for both instantaneous and outdated feedback is then investigated. Expressions for the outage probabilities are derived, along with the corresponding diversity-multiplexing tradeoffs (DMTs). It is shown that, with instantaneous feedback, a power allocation based on the feedback bits enables doubling of the DMT compared with the case with short-term power constraint in which a dynamic power allocation is not allowed. However, with outdated feedback, the advantage of power allocation is lost, and the DMT reverts to that achievable with no CSI feedback. Nevertheless, for finite SNR, improvement in terms of outage probability can still be obtained.
Design and characterization of a CMOS off-chip driver/receiver with reduced power-supply disturbance (1992)

A CMOS off-chip signal driver that achieves a 2.5-3 times smaller di/dt noise than the conventional design while not incurring the penalty of signal delay is described. It minimizes L di/dt effects by reducing the output signal swing by about a factor of 2 and by providing a controlled ramp rate for the output current. The circuit has a nearly constant output resistance for source termination of transmission lines, and includes a receiver designed for the smaller signal swing. Simulations show a driver-receiver delay of 3 ns for a 7.5-cm line on a multichip package with a peak di/dt of only 12 mA/ns. Driver-receiver delay and noise measurements are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>