gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Influences on Sonic Hedgehog and Apoptosis in the Rat Penis1 (2008)

The role of sonic hedgehog (SHH) in maintaining corpora cavernosal morphology in the adult penis has been established; however, the mechanism of how SHH itself is regulated remains unclear. Since decreased SHH protein is a cause of smooth muscle apoptosis and erectile dysfunction (ED) in the penis, and SHH treatment can suppress cavernous nerve (CN) injury-induced apoptosis, the question of how SHH signaling is regulated is significant. It is likely that neural input is involved in this process since two models of neuropathy-induced ED exhibit decreased SHH protein and increased apoptosis in the penis. We propose the hypothesis that SHH abundance in the corpora cavernosa is regulated by SHH signaling in the pelvic ganglia, neural activity, or neural transport of a trophic factor from the pelvic ganglia to the corpora. We have examined each of these potential mechanisms. SHH inhibition in the penis shows a 12-fold increase in smooth muscle apoptosis. SHH inhibition in the pelvic ganglia causes significantly increased apoptosis (1.3-fold) and decreased SHH protein (1.1-fold) in the corpora cavernosa. SHH protein is not transported by the CN. Colchicine treatment of the CN resulted in significantly increased smooth muscle apoptosis (1.2-fold) and decreased SHH protein (1.3-fold) in the penis. Lidocaine treatment of the CN caused a similar increase in apoptosis (1.6-fold) and decrease in SHH protein (1.3-fold) in the penis. These results show that neural activity and a trophic factor from the pelvic ganglia/CN are necessary to regulate SHH protein and smooth muscle abundance in the penis.
Video Inpainting With Short-Term Windows: Application to Object Removal and Error Concealment (2015)

In this paper, we propose a new video inpainting method which applies to both static or free-moving camera videos. The method can be used for object removal, error concealment, and background reconstruction applications. To limit the computational time, a frame is inpainted by considering a small number of neighboring pictures which are grouped into a group of pictures (GoP). More specifically, to inpaint a frame, the method starts by aligning all the frames of the GoP. This is achieved by a region-based homography computation method which allows us to strengthen the spatial consistency of aligned frames. Then, from the stack of aligned frames, an energy function based on both spatial and temporal coherency terms is globally minimized. This energy function is efficient enough to provide high quality results even when the number of pictures in the GoP is rather small, e.g. 20 neighboring frames. This drastically reduces the algorithm complexity and makes the approach well suited for near real-time video editing applications as well as for loss concealment applications. Experiments with several challenging video sequences show that the proposed method provides visually pleasing results for object removal, error concealment, and background reconstruction context.
Computing communities in large networks using random walks (long version) (2005)

Dense subgraphs of sparse graphs (communities), which appear in most real-world complex networks, play an important role in many contexts. Computing them however is generally expensive. We propose here a measure of similarities between vertices based on random walks which has several important advantages: it captures well the community structure in a network, it can be computed efficiently, and it can be used in an agglomerative algorithm to compute efficiently the community structure of a network. We propose such an algorithm, called Walktrap, which runs in time O(mn^2) and space O(n^2) in the worst case, and in time O(n^2log n) and space O(n^2) in most real-world cases (n and m are respectively the number of vertices and edges in the input graph). Extensive comparison tests show that our algorithm surpasses previously proposed ones concerning the quality of the obtained community structures and that it stands among the best ones concerning the running time.
Placental Extracellular Vesicles and Feto-Maternal Communication (2015)

The human placenta is an anatomically unique structure that extrudes a variety of extracellular vesicles into the maternal blood (including syncytial nuclear aggregates, microvesicles, and nanovesicles). Large quantities of extracellular vesicles are produced by the placenta in both healthy and diseased pregnancies. Since their first description more than 120 years ago, placental extracellular vesicles are only now being recognized as important carriers for proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which may play a crucial role in feto-maternal communication. Here, we summarize the current literature on the cargos of placental extracellular vesicles and the known effects of such vesicles on maternal cells/systems, especially those of the maternal immune and vascular systems.
Horizontal ‘gene drives’ harness indigenous bacteria for bioremediation (2020)

Engineering bacteria to clean-up oil spills is rapidly advancing but faces regulatory hurdles and environmental concerns. Here, we develop a new technology to harness indigenous soil microbial communities for bioremediation by flooding local populations with catabolic genes for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. Overexpressing three enzymes (almA, xylE, p450cam) in Escherichia coli led to degradation of 60-99% of target hydrocarbon substrates. Mating experiments, fluorescence microscopy and TEM revealed indigenous bacteria could obtain these vectors from E. coli through several mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), including conjugation and cytoplasmic exchange through nanotubes. Inoculating petroleum-polluted sediments with E. coli carrying the vector pSF-OXB15-p450camfusion showed that the E. coli cells died after five days but a variety of bacteria received and carried the vector for over 60 days after inoculation. Within 60 days, the total petroleum hydrocarbon content of the polluted soil was reduced by 46%. Pilot experiments show that vectors only persist in indigenous populations when under selection pressure, disappearing when this carbon source is removed. This approach to remediation could prime indigenous bacteria for degrading pollutants while providing minimal ecosystem disturbance.
Interleukin 1 binds to specific receptors on human keratinocytes and induces granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA and protein. A potential autocrine role for interleukin 1 in epidermis. (1988)

Cultured human keratinocytes have been shown to produce IL-1 alpha and beta mRNA and protein. IL-1 biological activity has been identified in normal human epidermis; in vitro, most biologically active IL-1 resides in a cell-associated compartment. The potential for autocrine effects of IL-1 on human keratinocytes was assessed by measurement of keratinocyte IL-1 receptors. Both high- and low-affinity cell surface receptors that bound recombinant (r) IL-1 alpha and beta with comparable affinities could be identified on cultured human keratinocytes, using 125I-labeled rIL-1. Chemical crosslinking experiments identified a cell surface molecule of roughly 72,500 Mr that bound 125I-labeled IL-1, similar to the molecular weight of previously described IL-1 receptors on fibroblasts, B cells, and T cells. To assess the biological consequences of keratinocyte IL-1 binding, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene expression was measured. The addition of exogenous rIL-1 alpha led to a dose-dependent increase in the accumulation of GM-CSF mRNA, as measured by a sensitive and specific S1 nuclease assay. This increase in mRNA was reflected in a marked increase in GM-CSF biological activity as measured by proliferation of blast cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. The biological activity was completely inhibitable by an antibody to human rGM-CSF. GM-CSF activates mature neutrophils and macrophages and appears to enhance the efficiency of Langerhans cell antigen presentation to T cells. Release of IL-1 from injured or activated keratinocytes may lead to enhanced epidermal GM-CSF gene expression via an autocrine mechanism, thus enhancing local host defense.
Continuous Motion Rig (CMR Technology) - A Step Change In Drilling Efficiency (2014)

During the last 20 years the drilling industry has been through extensive mechanization and automation of tasks on the drill floor previously done manually. However the efficiency of operations has not improved through this development, neither has the development been able to improve well safety, an important aspect of drilling and well operations. During the same period the costs of rig rental and services associated with drilling operations have had a significant increase. The increased cost for drilling is an essential aspect in the discussion of oil recovery from existing reservoirs and in the decision to explore new structures, thereby affecting the oil revenue of oil companies and governments. The importance of lowering drilling costs has been clearly pointed out at various industry conferences. Mature oil provinces will experience an unnecessary decrease in oil production due to extensive drilling costs. The ability to reduce these costs is urgent and is heavily addressed by the major operators. Significant more drilling is necessary to prolong the production on the many mature fields As the drilling for oil and gas is moving into more demanding areas the need for safer drilling practices is imminent. The drilling industry has after several accidents a need for improved equipment that yields a higher standard in well safety. West Drilling Products AS has invented and patented a new generation drilling technology - Continuous Motion Rig (CMR), a technology that promises a significant breakthrough in drilling efficiency, cost savings and well safety. CMR technology has a potential to reduce drilling time with 50 % and overall drilling costs with 40 – 50 %. The main principle in this new breakthrough technology is to be able to run jointed drill pipe and casing continuously, to drill continuously while maintaining circulation. The CMR technology facilitates Underbalanced Drilling, MPD, and full snubbing capabilities. CMR will be the first fully robotize drilling process. This paper will present the CMR technology, the development status and that the CMR Technology is a valuable and visible contribution of lowering drilling costs and introducing higher standard in well safety.
Effect of multiple doses of losartan on the pharmacokinetics of single doses of digoxin in healthy volunteers. (1995)

1. Losartan (DuP 753, MK-954) is a novel, potent and highly selective AT1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist. The effect of multiple oral doses of losartan on digoxin pharmacokinetics was evaluated in healthy male subjects. 2. In a double-blind and randomized fashion, subjects received 50 mg losartan or placebo once daily for 15 days in each period. At least 7 days elapsed between the two treatment periods. On days 4 and 11 of each period, subjects also received a single 0.5 mg dose of digoxin intravenously and orally respectively. 3. Eleven of 13 subjects completed the study. Side effects were mild and transient (12 out of 13 subjects reported at least one adverse experience). During the study, no laboratory abnormalities were noted. 4. Multiple oral doses of losartan (50 mg daily) did not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of 0.5 mg of digoxin i.v. AUC(0.48h) of immunoreactive digoxin during losartan 28.8 +/- 2.9 vs 28.5 +/- 3.9 ng ml-1 h during placebo; not significant, and 96 h urinary excretion [% dose] during losartan 54.0 +/- 7.2 vs 51.9 +/- 6.5% during placebo; not significant). Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) for AUC and urinary excretion were respectively, 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) and 1.09 (0.98, 1.21). 5. Multiple oral doses of losartan did not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral digoxin AUC(0.48 h) during losartan 23.6 +/- 3.7 ng ml-1 h vs 22.4 +/- 2.6 ng ml-1 h during placebo; not significant, Cmax 3.5 +/- 0.7 ng ml-1 with vs 3.1 +/- 0.5 ng ml-1 without losartan; not significant and tmax 0.6 +/- 0.2 h with vs 0.9 +/- 0.7 h without losartan; not significant, and 96 h urinary excretion [% dose] during losartan 51.2 +/- 6.3 vs 46.3 +/- 2.4% during placebo; not significant). Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) for AUC and urinary excretion were respectively, 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) and 1.12 (0.97, 1.28). 6. We conclude that multiple oral doses of losartan (50 mg daily) do not alter the pharmacokinetics of immunoreactive digoxin, following either intravenous or oral digoxin. Furthermore, the co-administration of digoxin with losartan is well tolerated by healthy male volunteers.
A Retrospective Study of Time to Relapse following Guselkumab Withdrawal in Patients with Psoriasis (2023)

Background . Psoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated skin disease requiring long‐term management. However, for various reasons such as financial issues, treatment cessation is common among psoriasis patients who have achieved clinical remission. Currently, only few studies have assessed the time to relapse after guselkumab withdrawal in the real‐world setting. Objective . The study aimed at assessing the time to relapse after remission following guselkumab discontinuation in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in the real‐world setting. Materials and Methods . Eligible adult moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis patients received at least 2 doses of administration of guselkumab treatment between March 2020 and March 2022 were enrolled. The study included patients who achieved PASI < 3 at week 12. Relapse was defined as restart of systemic therapy upon guselkumab withdrawal. Time to relapse was defined as the time interval between the last guselkumab administration and restart of systemic therapy. Results . Totally, 76 patients were enrolled. Relapse was found in 60.5% of patients, with a median PASI score at relapse of 4.6 (IQR: 1.6, 8.4) and median time to relapse was 201 (IQR: 159, 314) days. The proportion of patients with comorbidities significantly differed between the relapse and nonrelapse groups at baseline ( P < 0.05). Compared with patients with PASI < 3, those with PASI ≥ 3 at relapse had longer time to relapse ( P < 0.001). Conclusions . Guselkumab provides durable maintenance of response after discontinuation of therapy in the real‐world setting. Higher PASI score at relapse was associated with longer time to relapse. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000041398 .
Comparative Area Studies and Middle East Politics after the Arab Uprisings (2015)

The Arab uprisings have brought about a new wave of Middle East political science research that seeks to comparatively account for the different political trajectories in the region. In order to situate these diverse post-2011 scholarly studies, this paper introduces Comparative Area Studies (CAS) as an analytical perspective which combines the context sensitivity of area studies with the explicit and systematic use of comparisons. It finds that while intra-regional comparisons are the mainstay of political science studies of the Arab uprisings, there is also an emerging, very promising strand of cross-regional comparisons that draws on insights from, for example, the post-Soviet space or from European history. The paper concludes by evaluating the promises, risks and prospects of following a CAS perspective in the study of Middle East politics.
Time Synchronization In ANT Wireless Low Power Sensor Network (2011)

Short range wireless data communication networks that are used for sport and health care are sometimes called Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) and they are located more or less on a person. Sole Integrated Gait Sensor (SIGS) is a research project in WBAN, where wireless pressure sensors are placed like soles in the shoes of persons with different kinds of deceases. The sensors can measure the pressure of the foot relative to the shoe i.e. the load of the two legs is measured. This information can be useful e.g. to not over or under load a leg after joint replacement or as a bio feedback system to help e.g. post stroke patients to avoid falling. The SIGS uses the ANT Protocol and radio specification. ANT uses the 2.4 GHz ISM band and TDMA is used to share a single frequency. The scheduling of time slots is adaptive isochronous co-existence i.e. the scheduling is not static and each transmitter sends periodically but checks for interference with other traffic on the radio channel. In this unidirectional system sole sensors are masters (transmitters) and the WBAN server is the slave in ANT sense. The message rate is chosen as 8 Hz which is suitable for low power consumption. Hence in the SIGS system, it is necessary to synchronize the left and the right foot sensors because of low message rate. In our thesis, we found a method and developed a prototype to receive the time synchronized data in WBAN server from ANT wireless sensor nodes in SIGS system. For this thesis work, a hardware prototype design was developed. The USB and USART communication protocols were also implemented in the hardware prototype. The suitable method for time synchronization was implemented on the hardware prototype. The implemented method receives the sensor data, checks for the correct stream of data; add timestamp to the sensor data and transmit the data to the Linux WBAN server. The time slots allocation in the ANT protocol was found. Alternative solution for the time synchronization in ANT protocol was also provided. The whole SIGS system was tested for its full functionality. The experiments and analysis which we performed were successful and the results obtained provided good time synchronization protocol for ANT low power wireless sensor network and for Wireless Bio-feedback system.
PIM Snooping over VPLS (2006)

In Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), as also in IEEE Bridged
Networks, the switches simply flood multicast traffic on all ports in
the LAN by default. IGMP Snooping is commonly deployed to ensure
multicast traffic is not forwarded on ports without IGMP receivers.
The procedures and recommendations for IGMP Snooping are defined in
[IGMP-SNOOP]. But when any protocol other than IGMP is used, the
common practice is to simply flood multicast traffic to all ports.
PIM-SM, PIM-SSM, PIM-BIDIR are widely deployed routing protocols. PIM
Snooping procedures are important to restrict multicast traffic to
only the routers interested in receiving such traffic. While most of
the PIM Snooping procedures defined here also apply to IEEE Bridged
Networks, VPLS demands certain special procedures due to the split-
horizon rules that require the Provider Edge (PE) devices to co-
operate. This document describes the procedures and recommendations
for PIM-Snooping in VPLS to facilitate replication to only those ports
behind which there are interested PIM routers and/or IGMP hosts. This
document also describes procedures for PIM Proxy. PIM Proxy is
required on PEs for VPLS Multicast to work correctly when Join
suppression is enabled in the VPLS. PIM Proxy also helps scale VPLS
Multicast much better than just PIM Snooping.
Novel Expression-Template-Based Automatic Differentiation of Fortran Codes for Aerodynamic Optimization (2020)

An elegant and robust approach for discrete adjoint-based automatic differentiation of the Fortran codes is proposed in this work. The technique aims at bridging the gap within the Fortran programming language that currently lacks certain metaprogramming paradigms that are readily available at compile time in C/C++ codes. More specifically, the present work uses an expression-based tape approach, which is the first-of-its-kind implementation in Fortran programming language, that can significantly reduce the memory footprint while improving the computational efficiency of the adjoint-based automatic differentiation (AD). The proposed expression-template-based approach is incorporated in our in-house AD toolbox, which currently is the only Fortran-based tool in the literature that uses a fixed-point-type operator-overloading adjoint sensitivity analysis. The improved version of the fast automatic differentiation using operator-overloading technique toolbox is then coupled with the in-house unstructured parallel compressible (UNPAC) flow solver for a robust design optimization framework (DOF), called UNPAC-DOF. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed technique and the resulting framework are tested for aerodynamic shape optimization problems applied to airfoil and wing geometries.
Hole-transporting-layer-free high-efficiency fluorescent blue organic light-emitting diodes (2007)

High-efficiency fluorescent blue organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated using hole-injection and carrier-confining effective device architecture without a hole-transporting layer. The diodes consist of 1250Å indium tin oxide/300Å blue-emissive layer/400Å electron-transporting layer/10Å lithium fluoride/1500Å aluminum. A high efficiency of 6.0% (12.5lm∕W) at 100cd∕m2 with a pan-blue emission of (0.19, 0.31) when trans-1,2-bis-(6-(N,N-di-p-tolylamino)naphthalene-2-yl)ethene was used in the emissive layer, or 3.9% (6.7lm∕W) with a blue emission of (0.15, 0.20) when 2-(N,N-diphenylamino)-6-[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-styryl]naphthalene was used. Besides having a thinner device structure, the marked improvement in efficiency is attributable mainly to the relatively low hole-injection barrier.
A peptomimetic inhibitor of BCL6 with potent antilymphoma effects in vitro and in vivo (2008)

The BCL6 transcriptional repressor is the most commonly involved oncogene in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). BCL6 lymphomagenic activity is dependent on its ability to recruit corepressor proteins to a unique binding site on its N-terminal BTB domain. A recombinant peptide fragment of the SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor) corepressor that blocks this site can inhibit BCL6 biologic functions. Shortening and conversion of this peptide to D-amino acid and retro configuration as well as the addition of a fusogenic motif yielded a far more potent and stable BCL6 inhibitor that still retained the specificity of the original SMRT fragment. Like the L-peptide, retroinverso BCL6 peptide inhibitor (RI-BPI) selectively killed BCR rather than OxPhos-type DLBCL cells. The RI-BPI could recapitulate the failure to form germinal centers seen in BCL6 null mice yet was nontoxic and nonimmunogenic even when administered for up to 52 weeks. RI-BPI showed superior duration of tissue penetration and could accordingly powerfully suppress the growth of human DLBCLs xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, RI-BPI could kill primary human DLBCL cells but had no effect on normal lymphoid tissue or other tumors.
Polymethylsilsesquioxane–Cellulose Nanofiber Biocomposite Aerogels with High Thermal Insulation, Bendability, and Superhydrophobicity (2014)

Polymethylsilsesquioxane-cellulose nanofiber (PMSQ-CNF) composite aerogels have been prepared through sol-gel in a solvent containing a small amount of CNFs as suspension. Since these composite aerogels do not show excessive aggregation of PMSQ and CNF, the original PMSQ networks are not disturbed. Composite aerogels with low density (0.020 g cm(-3) at lowest), low thermal conductivity (15 mW m(-1) K(-1)), visible light translucency, bending flexibility, and superhydrophobicity thus have been successfully obtained. In particular, the lowest density and bending flexibility have been achieved with the aid of the physical supporting effect of CNFs, and the lowest thermal conductivity is comparable with the original PMSQ aerogels and standard silica aerogels. The PMSQ-CNF composite aerogels would be a candidate to practical high-performance thermal insulating materials.