gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of a Unique and Immunodominant Epitope of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (1990)

The identification and isolation of unique and immunogenic recombinant epitopes for human T cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) type I might allow the development of an antibody-based assay to differentiate between HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections. To test the feasibility of this approach, an HTLV-I envelope epitope was isolated by immunoscreening of a lambda gt11 recombinant HTLV-I DNA library with a human monoclonal antibody to HTLV-I. This recombinant epitope. MTA-4, when tested with sera from HTLV-I- or HTLV-II-infected individuals, was reactive with all HTLV-I and nonreactive with all HTLV-II antisera. These results indicate that MTA-4 is a unique and immunodominant epitope on HTLV-I and confirm the usefulness of human-derived monoclonal antibodies in an experimental approach to dissect the human humoral response to a viral pathogen.
Aromatic polyesters via transesterification of dimethylterephthalate/isophthalate with bisphenol‐A (1996)

As a part of our work in the area of transesterification chemistry, we have studied the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate/isophthalate with bisphenol-A for the synthesis of aromatic polyester. The process comprises two steps. The first step comprises preparation of aromatic polyester prepolymer by reacting the dimethyl esters of terephthalic/isophthalic acids and bisphenol-A in the melt phase via catalyzed interchange reaction. The second step involves the postpolycondensation of aromatic polyester prepolymer under reduced pressure, eliminating the by-product and driving the equilibrium of the reversible reaction to the formation of a high molecular weight aromatic polyester. In both steps, methanol is eliminated as a by-product. The method explored is the simplest one, permits the use of commercial materials as the feed stock, and leads to a low boiling by-product that can be recycled. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Translating language with technology's help (2007)

In this article, we introduced an iterative system for improving speech recognition in the context of human mediated translation scenarios. In contrast to related work conducted in this field, we included scenarios in which only spoken language representations are available. One key feature of our iterative system is that all involved system components, ASR as well as MT, are improved. Particularly in the context of a spoken source language representation, not only is the target language ASR automatically improved but so is the source language ASR. Using Spanish as the source language and English as the target language, we were able to reduce the WER of the English ASR by 35.8% when given a written-source language representation. Given a spoken-source language representation, we achieved a relative WER reduction of 29.9% for English and 20.9% for Spanish
<title>Full-complex modulation with two one-parameter SLMs</title> (1991)

Although the action of a spatial light modulator (SLM) is usually restricted to certain locations on the operating curve of the complex plane, NASA is planning to use architectures that allow two continuously variable SLMs to function jointly so as to access the full interior of a closed curve in the complex plane. This paper describes three fundamental methods for attaining full complex modulation. The mathematics for two of these methods is presented, and signal decomposition in their terms is outlined.
Data compression using the deconvolution algorithm CLEAN (1994)

Abstract We describe an application of the nonlinear deconvolution algorithm CLEAN in which a priori knowledge of the point‐spread function allows transmission of nonredundant information. We refer to this as CLEAN compression. The point‐spread function is viewed as a redundancy function. The data set may be regarded as a convolution of the nonredundant information with the redundancy function. Since the nonredundant data is a small subset of the overall data set, images or telecommunication messages may be transmitted over narrowband channels using CLEAN. Effective analog data compression is maximized; the analog signal may be significantly compressed with CLEAN even before any additional compression or digital encoding algorithms are applied.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Three Birds, One Excipient: Development of an Improved pH, Isotonic, and Buffered Ketamine Formulation for Subcutaneous Injection (2022)

Subcutaneous (SC) ketamine has been found to be effective in pain management, though reports of injection site irritation and sterile abscesses exist with currently available ketamine HCl formulations. Such adverse SC reactions are commonly associated with low pH, high osmolality and/or high injection volumes. An optimal SC formulation of ketamine would thus have a pH and osmolality close to physiological levels, without compromising on concentration and, thus, injection volume. Such a formulation should also be buffered to maintain the pH at the acceptable level for extended time periods. As many of these physicochemical properties are interrelated, achieving these aims represented a significant challenge in formulation development. We describe the development of a novel Captisol<sup>®</sup>-based formulation strategy to achieve an elevated pH, isosmotic and buffered formulation of ketamine (hence, three birds, one excipient) without compromising on concentration. This strategy has the potential to be readily adapted to other amine-based APIs.
Measurement of transient reflectance (1976)

Real-time reflectometer, adjusted to a fraction of a second, monitors transient effects and allows sample to be exposed to environment continuously. Reflectance and reference signals share same optical path, minimizing extraneous effects.
Approximation and Reconstruction from Attenuated Radon Projections (2007)

Attenuated Radon projections with respect to the weight function $W_\mu(x,y) = (1-x^2-y^2)^{\mu-1/2}$ are shown to be closely related to the orthogonal expansion in two variables with respect to $W_\mu$. This leads to an algorithm for reconstructing two‐dimensional functions (images) from attenuated Radon projections. Similar results are established for reconstructing functions on the sphere from projections described by integrals over circles on the sphere, and for reconstructing functions on the three‐dimensional ball and cylinder domains.
SAW analysis of the Mg/sub X/Zn/sub 1-X/O/SiO/sub 2//Si system (2004)

Magnesium zinc oxide (Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O) is a new piezoelectric material formed by alloying ZnO and MgO. In this study, the SAW velocity dispersion and electromechanical coupling coefficients (K/sup 2/) in the Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O (x=0-30%)/SiO/sub 2//Si system is analyzed using the transfer matrix method. Si is chosen as the substrate for potential integration of SAW device with the main stream integrated circuits technology. The use of different Mg content in Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O films leads to change in piezoelectric properties. The SAW characteristics of the system can be further tailored by varying the thickness ratio between the Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O and SiO/sub 2/ layers. The effect of different Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O to SiO/sub 2/ thickness ratios on SAW propagation in the multilayer structure is investigated. Four possible multilayer SAW device configurations, including IDT/ Mg/sub 2/Zn/sub 1-x/O/SiO/sub 2//Si, Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O /IDT/SiO/sub 2//Si, IDT/Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O/ metal ground plane/ SiO/sub 2//Si, and metal ground plane/ Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O O/IDT/SiO/sub 2//Si, are studied. It is found that at the high frequency range, with each 10% increase of the Mg content in the Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O, SAW velocity increases by 5/spl sim/8%, whereas K/sup 2/ decreases by around 30%. With same IDT configuration, V/sub SAW/ decreases as SiO/sub 2/ layer thickens. However, as Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O thickness-frequency products hf reach high values, the SAW energy for the base wave mode is trapped in the Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O layer and the thickness of SiO/sub 2/ no longer affects the SAW propagation. The multilayer configurations also play an important role. It is found that the Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O /IDT/SiO/sub 2//Si configuration with Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O: SiO/sub 2/ yields the highest coupling coefficient (x=0) and the highest SAW velocity (x=0.3). The current study indicates that using Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O -based multilayer structures will provide flexibility in SAW device design as well as the ability to tailor SAW properties.
Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries Based on Tin–Germanium–Antimony Alloys (2014)

Here we provide the first report on several compositions of ternary Sn-Ge-Sb thin film alloys for application as sodium ion battery (aka NIB, NaB or SIB) anodes, employing Sn50Ge50, Sb50Ge50, and pure Sn, Ge, Sb as baselines. Sn33Ge33Sb33, Sn50Ge25Sb25, Sn60Ge20Sb20, and Sn50Ge50 all demonstrate promising electrochemical behavior, with Sn50Ge25Sb25 being the best overall. This alloy has an initial reversible specific capacity of 833 mAhg(-1) (at 85 mAg(-1)) and 662 mAhg(-1) after 50 charge-discharge cycles. Sn50Ge25Sb25 also shows excellent rate capability, displaying a stable capacity of 381 mAhg(-1) at a current density of 8500 mAg(-1) (∼10C). A survey of published literature indicates that 833 mAhg(-1) is among the highest reversible capacities reported for a Sn-based NIB anode, while 381 mAhg(-1) represents the optimum fast charge value. HRTEM shows that Sn50Ge25Sb25 is a composite of 10-15 nm Sn and Sn-alloyed Ge nanocrystallites that are densely dispersed within an amorphous matrix. Comparing the microstructures of alloys where the capacity significantly exceeds the rule of mixtures prediction to those where it does not leads us to hypothesize that this new phenomenon originates from the Ge(Sn) that is able to sodiate beyond the 1:1 Na:Ge ratio reported for the pure element. Combined TOF-SIMS, EELS TEM, and FIB analysis demonstrates substantial Na segregation within the film near the current collector interface that is present as early as the second discharge, followed by cycling-induced delamination from the current collector.
Distributed Compressed Sensing of Jointly Sparse Signals (2006)

Compressed sensing is an emerging field based on the revelation that a small collection of linear projections of a sparse signal contains enough information for reconstruction. In this paper we expand our theory for distributed compressed sensing (DCS) that enables new distributed coding algorithms for multi-signal ensembles that exploit both intra- and inter-signal correlation structures. The DCS theory rests on a new concept that we term the joint sparsity of a signal ensemble. We present a second new model for jointly sparse signals that allows for joint recovery of multiple signals from incoherent projections through simultaneous greedy pursuit algorithms. We also characterize theoretically and empirically the number of measurements per sensor required for accurate reconstruction.
Uplink Contention Based Multiple Access for 5G Cellular IoT (2015)

This paper introduces novel UL access methods for 5G cellular IoT where devices can directly send a scheduler grant or a small data packet in the contention-based (CB) manner. The novelty of this work is in the combination of medium access control (MAC) contention access with physical layer optimization with new numerology applied to single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) waveforms to remove the need for pre-synchronization of devices on the uplink (UL). An analysis of the new procedures compared with the current LTE random access procedure is provided. The simulation results show that over 50% latency reduction and about 500% capacity increment can be achieved by contention based scheduling request (CB SR) compare to the LTE UL grant via random access. Further, it is shown that CB data is a viable method to transmit small data packets compare to LTE scheduling request via random access followed by scheduled data transmission.
Electrokinetic Extraction of Chromate from Unsaturated Soils (1995)

A new electrokinetic electrode apperatus was designed, constructed and tested to removed water soluble chromium from unsaturated soils. This electrode setup was tested in two laboratory scale experiments. In the first experiment, a narrow strip of soil contaminated with chromate was placed between two electrodes. A 10 mA constant current was applied for a period of 8 days. During this time 88% of the applied chromate was removed from the anode. In a simular laboratory experiment, where all of the soil between the electrodes was contaminated with chromate, 78% of the chromium was recovered at the anode. These results indicate that heavy metals such as chromium can be removed in-situ from unsaturated soils by appling an electric field.
Environmentally-Friendly Navigation (2007)

One of the major successes in ITS technology lately has been in the area of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). In particular, there are now many good navigation systems that can advise drivers on route selection within a roadway network. This type of navigation software is now available on the Internet that can be used for trip planning, as well as in on-board navigation systems that can calculate optimal routes based on current vehicle location. The primary role of these navigation systems is to help drivers find their destinations. More advanced navigation systems can now help drivers avoid congestion on the roadways based on receiving real-time roadway data information. To date, these navigation systems have embedded algorithms that attempt to minimize trip distance and/or travel time. However, many drivers are now becoming increasingly concerned with rising fuel costs and pollutant emissions. Therefore, it is desirable to create new "environmentally-friendly" navigation algorithms. Taking advantage of the latest navigation technology, we have developed new navigation techniques that focus on minimizing energy consumption and pollutant emissions. These methods combine sophisticated mobile-source energy and emission models with route minimization algorithms that are used for navigational purposes. These new methods have been applied in several Southern California case studies resulting in significant energy savings compared to standard navigation techniques.
Application of an Automatic Plagiarism Detection System in a Large-scale Assessment of English Speaking Proficiency (2019)

This study aims to build an automatic system for the detection of plagiarized spoken responses in the context of an assessment of English speaking proficiency for non-native speakers. Classification models were trained to distinguish between plagiarized and nonplagiarized responses with two different types of features: text-to-text content similarity measures, which are commonly used in the task of plagiarism detection for written documents, and speaking proficiency measures, which were specifically designed for spontaneous speech and extracted using an automated speech scoring system. The experiments were first conducted on a large data set drawn from an operational English proficiency assessment across multiple years, and the best classifier on this heavily imbalanced data set resulted in an F1-score of 0.761 on the plagiarized class. This system was then validated on operational responses collected from a single administration of the assessment and achieved a recall of 0.897. The results indicate that the proposed system can potentially be used to improve the validity of both human and automated assessment of non-native spoken English.
Edge Caching for Directory Based Web Applications (2006)

In this paper, a dynamic content caching framework is proposed for deploying directory based applications at the edge of the network, closer to the client. The framework consists of a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory cache and the offloaded application running at a proxy. The LDAP directory cache is an enhanced LDAP proxy server which stores results and semantic information for search requests (queries) and answers incoming queries which are semantically contained in them. A simplified query containment approach based on the concept of LDAP templates is proposed. Caching algorithms have been proposed which take advantage of referential locality in the access pattern. A generic framework is used to offload the application at the edge and to support prefetching of LDAP queries based on application logic. A real enterprise directory application and real workloads are used to evaluate performance of the caching algorithms. The LDAP directory cache architecture, along with the proposed algorithms can be used to improve performance and scalability of directory based services
Calicheamicin Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Improved Properties (2021)

Calicheamicin antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are effective therapeutics for leukemias with two recently approved in the United States: Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) targeting CD33 for acute myeloid leukemia and Besponsa (inotuzumab ozogamicin) targeting CD22 for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Both of these calicheamicin ADCs are heterogeneous, aggregation-prone, and have a shortened half-life due to the instability of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linker in circulation. We hypothesized that we could improve upon the heterogeneity, aggregation, and circulation stability of calicheamicin ADCs by directly attaching the thiol of a reduced calicheamicin to an engineered cysteine on the antibody via a disulfide bond to generate a linkerless and traceless conjugate. We report herein that the resulting homogeneous conjugates possess minimal aggregation and display high <i>in vivo</i> stability with 50% of the drug remaining conjugated to the antibody after 21 days. Furthermore, these calicheamicin ADCs are highly efficacious in mouse models of both solid tumor (HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer) and hematologic malignancies (CD22<sup>+</sup> non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Safety studies in rats with this novel calicheamicin ADC revealed an increased tolerability compared with that reported for Mylotarg. Overall, we demonstrate that applying novel linker chemistry with site-specific conjugation affords an improved, next-generation calicheamicin ADC.
Computing quality scores and uncertainty for approximate pattern matching in geospatial semantic graphs (2015)

Abstract Geospatial semantic graphs provide a robust foundation for representing and analyzing remote sensor data. In particular, they support a variety of pattern search operations that capture the spatial and temporal relationships among the objects and events in the data. However, in the presence of large data corpora, even a carefully constructed search query may return a large number of unintended matches. This work considers the problem of calculating a quality score for each match to the query, given that the underlying data are uncertain. We present a preliminary evaluation of three methods for determining both match quality scores and associated uncertainty bounds, illustrated in the context of an example based on overhead imagery data.
Classifier models and architectures for EEG-based neonatal seizure detection (2008)

Neonatal seizures are the most common neurological emergency in the neonatal period and are associated with a poor long-term outcome. Early detection and treatment may improve prognosis. This paper aims to develop an optimal set of parameters and a comprehensive scheme for patient-independent multi-channel EEG-based neonatal seizure detection. We employed a dataset containing 411 neonatal seizures. The dataset consists of multi-channel EEG recordings with a mean duration of 14.8 h from 17 neonatal patients. Early-integration and late-integration classifier architectures were considered for the combination of information across EEG channels. Three classifier models based on linear discriminants, quadratic discriminants and regularized discriminants were employed. Furthermore, the effect of electrode montage was considered. The best performing seizure detection system was found to be an early integration configuration employing a regularized discriminant classifier model. A referential EEG montage was found to outperform the more standard bipolar electrode montage for automated neonatal seizure detection. A cross-fold validation estimate of the classifier performance for the best performing system yielded 81.03% of seizures correctly detected with a false detection rate of 3.82%. With post-processing, the false detection rate was reduced to 1.30% with 59.49% of seizures correctly detected. These results represent a comprehensive illustration that robust reliable patient-independent neonatal seizure detection is possible using multi-channel EEG.
A Unique Cross-reactive HIV-1 Neutralizing CD4i Human Monoclonal Antibody Containing Only a Heavy Chain: Engineering a Domain Antibody and Improvement of Its Potency and Solubility (2005)

Naturally occurring human antibodies containing only heavy chain are very rare. All antibodies specific for HIV identified until now contain both light and heavy chains. By screening an immune HIV phage library we have identified an antibody, m12, that expresses only a heavy chain. The Fd of this heavy chain behaves as a CD4i antibody and binds gp120 complexed with CD4 better than gp120 alone. This antibody was further engineered to a single domain antibody, which is the smallest possible antibody fragment that still exhibits binding to the antigen. The domain m12 neutralized HIV isolates from different clades but had low solubility and was difficult to express. To further improve its solubility and potency we generated a mutant library. This library is being screened against gp120 and gp120-CD4. The results will be discussed if they become available. This unique domain antibody could have applications for design of potent HIV inhibitors.
Properties of Liquid Phase Crystallized Interdigitated Back-contact Solar Cells on Glass (2015)

We fabricated interdigitated back-contact silicon hetero-junction solar cells based on thin-film absorbers on glass. The Si absorbers were directly deposited on the glass and crystallized using liquid phase crystallization. To compare whether our contact system is applicable to a wide range of initial absorber conditions two different types of precursors were prepared with absorber thicknesses between 2.5-9 μm. Furthermore, glass superstrates, doping densities and interlayer stacks were varied. With a KOH random pyramid light trapping texture at the back more than 30 mA/cm2 were achieved on an electron beam evaporated precursor material and 655 mV on a PECVD precursor material.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Polyethylenimine Platinum Complexes with Potent in Vitro and in Vivo Antitumor Efficacy (2016)

The current interest for platinum N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in cancer research stems from their impressive toxicity reported against a range of different human cancer cells. To date, the demonstration of their in vivo efficacy relative to that of established platinum-based drugs has not been specifically addressed. Here, we introduce an innovative approach to increase the NHC-Pt complex potency whereby multiple NHC-Pt(II) complexes are coordinated along a polyethylenimine polymer (PEI) chain. We show that such NHC-Pt(II)-PEI conjugates induce human cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo in a xenograft mouse model with no observable side effects in contrast to oxaliplatin. Additional studies indicate nucleus and mitochondria targeting and suggest various mechanisms of action compared to classical platinum-based anticancer drugs.