gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing Precoder/Channel Mismatch and Enhancing Secrecy in Practical MIMO Systems Using Artificial Signals (2020)

Practical multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems depend on a predefined set of precoders to provide spatial multiplexing gain. This limitation on the flexibility of the precoders affects the overall performance. Here, we propose a transmission scheme that can reduce the effect of mismatch between users' channels and precoders. The scheme uses the channel knowledge to generate an artificial signal, which realigns the predefined precoder to the actual channel. Moreover, the scheme can provide an additional level of secrecy for the communication link. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using bit-error rate (BER), error vector magnitude (EVM), and secrecy capacity. The results show a significant improvement for the legitimate user, along with a degradation for the eavesdropper.
CD4+ T cells contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the absence of CD8+ T cells in mice vaccinated with DNA encoding Ag85A (2000)

The contribution of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell-mediated effector functions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection elicited by i.m. vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding the immunodominant Ag85A antigen of M. tuberculosis was studied. Ag85A DNA-vaccinated β2-microglobulin gene-deficient (β2m–/–) mice, which lack CD8+ T cells, produced Ag85-specific antibodies and Th1 type cytokines similar to wild-type mice. Although β2m–/– mice were more susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection, following vaccination they efficiently controlled bacterial replication in spleen and lungs 4 weeks post-infection. In contrast, mice lacking CD4+ T cells were neither sensitized by the Ag85A DNA vaccine to produce Ag85-specific antibodies or Th1 type cytokines nor did they contain a M. tuberculosis challenge infection. In addition, Ag85A DNA-vaccinated IFN-γ gene knockout mice produced Ag85-specific antibodies and IL-2 but died rapidly following a M. tuberculosis challenge infection. Collectively, these data support the view that IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells, independently of CD8+ T cells, may mediate the protective effect of the Ag85A DNA vaccine.
A deep resistivity logging-while-drilling device for proactive geosteering (2004)

Reading deep into the formation has always been an ojective of formation evaluation. Historically, when drilling vertical wells, reading deep involved imaging seismic reflectors with intermediate vertical seismic profile (VSP) runs to “look ahead” and to assess invasion or borehole damage with deep-resistivity devices.
862Syncav with multipoint pacing improves acute left ventricular hemodynamics (2020)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Abbott Introduction SyncAV has been shown to improve electrical synchronization by automatically adjusting atrioventricular delay (AVD) according to the intrinsic atrioventricular conduction time. Additional incremental electrical synchronization may be gained by the addition of second left ventricular (LV) pulse with MultiPoint Pacing (MPP). While the electrical synchronization benefits of SyncAV have been previously explored, there has been no assessment of the acute hemodynamic impact of SyncAV with or without MPP. Objective Evaluate the acute LV hemodynamic impact of SyncAV with and without MPP. Methods Heart failure patients with LBBB and QRS duration (QRSd) &gt; 140 ms undergoing CRT-P/D implant with a quadripolar LV lead were enrolled in this prospective study. A guidewire or catheter with pressure transducer was placed in the LV chamber and the maximum pressure change (dP/dtmax) was recorded during the following pacing modes: intrinsic conduction, conventional biventricular pacing with SyncAV (BiV + SyncAV), and MPP with SyncAV (MPP + SyncAV). Twelve-lead surface ECG was used to determine the patient-tailored SyncAV offset that minimized QRSd. Results Twenty-seven patients (67% male, 44% ischemic, 30 ± 7% ejection fraction) completed the acute recordings. Relative to the intrinsic QRSd of 163 ms, BiV + SyncAV reduced QRSd by 21.5% to 124 ms (p &lt; 0.001 vs. intrinsic) and MPP + SyncAV reduced QRSd by 26.6% to 120 ms (p &lt; 0.05 vs. BiV + SyncAV). Beyond electrical synchronization, SyncAV significantly improved acute hemodynamics. Relative to the intrinsic dP/dtmax of 842 mmHg/s, BiV + SyncAV elevated dP/dtmax by 6.3% to 900 mmHg/s (p &lt; 0.001 vs. intrinsic) and MPP + SyncAV elevated dP/dtmax by 8.8% to 926 mmHg/s (p &lt; 0.005 vs. BiV + SyncAV). Despite both QRSd and dP/dtmax improvement with SyncAV and MPP, correlation between electrical and hemodynamic measurements was poor (R2 = 0.0 for BiV + SyncAV, R2 = 0.1 for MPP + SyncAV). Conclusion SyncAV may significantly improve acute LV hemodynamics in addition to electrical synchrony in LBBB patients. Further incremental improvement was achieved by combining SyncAV with MPP. Abstract Figure.
Diversity and functional plasticity of eukaryotic selenoproteins: Identification and characterization of the SelJ family (2005)

Selenoproteins are a diverse group of proteins that contain selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid. In the genetic code, UGA serves as a termination signal and a Sec codon. This dual role has precluded the automatic annotation of selenoproteins. Recent advances in the computational identification of selenoprotein genes have provided a first glimpse of the size, functions, and phylogenetic diversity of eukaryotic selenoproteomes. Here, we describe the identification of a selenoprotein family named SelJ. In contrast to known selenoproteins, SelJ appears to be restricted to actinopterygian fishes and sea urchin, with Cys homologues only found in cnidarians. SelJ shows significant similarity to the jellyfish J1-crystallins and with them constitutes a distinct subfamily within the large family of ADP-ribosylation enzymes. Consistent with its potential role as a structural crystallin, SelJ has preferential and homogeneous expression in the eye lens in early stages of zebrafish development. A structural role for SelJ would be in contrast to the majority of known selenoenzymes. The unusually highly restricted phylogenetic distribution of SelJ, its specialization, and the comparative analysis of eukaryotic selenoproteomes reveal the diversity and functional plasticity of selenoproteins and point to a mosaic evolution of the use of Sec in proteins.
Effect of Impact-Ionization-Generated Holes on the Breakdown Mechanism in LDMOS Devices (2009)

The breakdown mechanism in LDMOS devices with high resistive drift region sustaining high-voltage applications is analyzed and explained. Holes generated by the impact-ionization in the drift region are found to hinder the formation of the breakdown condition by increasing the potential underneath the gate-overlap region. This mechanism is modeled and implemented into the compact model HiSIM_HV for circuit simulation. Good agreement of simulated characteristics with 2D-device simulation results has been achieved.
Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Polyimide Aerogel Microparticles (2014)

In the study described here, novel, polyimide (PI)‐based spherical aerogelmicroparticles are fabricated. The aerogel microparticles proposed in this study have an advantage over film‐shaped aerogels because the microparticles can be easily used for thermal insulation, drug release, and catalyst support. By using only a PI polymer as the raw material for the proposed PI aerogel microparticles, the problems associated with reinforcing conventional silica aerogels, such as inferior thermal resistance or incorporation with silica aerogel, are circumvented. The porosity of PI aerogel microparticles was determined to be 80% and specific surface area was determined as 103 m 2 g −1 . The pore sizes measured using mercury intrusion porosimetry are between 4 and 100 nm, with a representative pore size of 15 nm.
Depot Local Anesthetic in Polymethylmethacrylate Bone Cement (2004)

Acrylic bone cement has been used successfully as a slow-release depot for antibiotics after orthopaedic surgery. The feasibility of administering local anesthetics in this way was examined in this preliminary in vitro study. Discs weighing approximately 4 g were prepared from five brands of acrylic cement (40 g) containing as much as 2 g of anesthetic base. Elution of the anesthetics into saline was measured during 72 hours. Prilocaine eluted the fastest and bupivacaine the slowest, with lidocaine between them. The elution rates were greatest in the first hour, declining thereafter. Rates also depended on the brand of cement with the quickest elution from CMW3 and the slowest from Surgical Simplex P. Using cement as a depot, therapeutic levels of a drug should be achievable in vivo at a negligible risk of toxicity. Before in vivo trials it is necessary to optimize elution of drugs in relation to the cement (brand, microstructure, method of preparation) and the concentration of a drug in the cement above which the cements' mechanical and adhesive properties are compromised.
Abstract 2220: Insight ALK ScreenTM, a highly sensitive and specific RT-qPCR first-line screening assay for comprehensive detection of all oncogenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions: clinical validation (2011)

Abstract More than 15 different ALK fusions (e.g., CLTC-ALK, multiple EML4-ALK variants, KIF5B-ALK, NPM-ALK, RanBP2-ALK, TFG-ALK, TPM4-ALK, others) cause malignancies including NSCLC, NHL, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Preliminary studies suggest several other cancer subsets may also express ALK fusions (e.g., breast, colorectal and esophageal cancers). Several ALK small-molecule inhibitors are in development, and patients treated with one clinical stage inhibitor have had marked antitumor responses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for ALK have been used to select patients likely to benefit from ALK inhibitor therapy; however, these methods are problematic. Both methods have suboptimal sensitivity for certain ALK fusions (e.g., EML4-ALK), and FISH is technically demanding and has a prolonged turn-around time (5-7 days). To address the unmet need for a highly sensitive, practical assay for clinical ALK detection, we developed Insight ALK Screen™, a real-time PCR test for ALK fusions and wild-type ALK upregulation. The test operates by qPCR of two regions corresponding to the ALK extracellular and intracellular kinase domains; for example, EML4-ALK or other ALK fusion events result in a ΔCt (change in threshold cycle) increase in transcripts encoding the ALK kinase domain over wild-type ALK expression levels.This assay design enables Insight ALK Screen to detect any ALK fusion regardless of the ALK fusion partner. We are validating Insight ALK Screen in comparison to ALK IHC and FISH using NSCLC FFPE specimens from the Clarient tumor bank. Eighty-two NSCLCs were screened using Insight ALK Screen, and 17 of the 82 (20.7%) showed either an ALK fusion or wild-type ALK upregulation. All 17 ALK-expressing NSCLCs were next tested using an EML4-ALK variant-specific RT-PCR assay; 6 (35.3%) of the 17 cases (7.3% of the original 82 cases) were shown to be EML4-ALK-positive. Ongoing studies are assessing the genetic mechanisms (e.g., other EML4-ALK variants not tested, other ALK fusions, ALK gene amplification, chromosome 2 polysomy, etc.) underlying the aberrant ALK expression in the other 11 of 17 NSCLCs; these data will be presented at the meeting together with complete IHC, FISH and clinical-molecular correlative information. Together with its ease-of-use, small tissue requirements, multiplex compatibility, quantitation of ALK expression levels, lack of bias for specific fusions, and quick turn-around (24-48 hrs), our preliminary results support Insight ALK Screen as the first-line ALK diagnostic method of choice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2220. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2220
Design Compact Recognizers of Handwritten Chinese Characters Using Precision Constrained Gaussian Models, Minimum Classification Error Training and Parameter Compression (2009)

In our previous work, a precision constrained Gaussian model (PCGM) was proposed for character modeling to design compact recognizers of handwritten Chinese characters. A maximum likelihood training procedure was developed to estimate model parameters from training data. In this paper, we extend the above work by using minimum classification error (MCE) training to improve recognition accuracy and split vector quantization technique to compress model parameters. Compared with the state-of-the-art MCE-trained and compressed classifiers based on modified quadratic discriminant function, PCGM-based classifiers can achieve much better memory-accuracy tradeoff, therefore offer a good solution to designing compact handwriting recognition systems for East Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.
An encoding scheme and encoder architecture for rate-compatible QC-LDPC codes (2011)

We consider the problem of rate-compatible (RC)-encoder and RC-puncturing of LDPC codes. The proposed encoder is based on a modification of MacKay encoding scheme. The introduced modification enables the application of MacKay scheme for quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes combined with a proposed matrix puncturing scheme based on an also proposed parity-check matrix construction to achieve code-rate compatibility. The proposed encoding scheme and VLSI encoder architecture address the problem of encoding complexity, since about 80% of MacKay encoding algorithm complexity is linearly depended on LDPC check node degree. The proposed matrix puncturing scheme can produce good BER performance especially for high puncturing rates, where only a few parity check symbols are transmitted. A comparison with prior art in puncturing is offered, which shows superior performance of the proposed scheme, in terms of coding gain without any hardware cost.
Personal Computer Transport Analysis Program (2012)

The Personal Computer Transport Analysis Program (PCTAP) is C++ software used for analysis of thermal fluid systems. The program predicts thermal fluid system and component transients. The output consists of temperatures, flow rates, pressures, delta pressures, tank quantities, and gas quantities in the air, along with air scrubbing component performance. PCTAP s solution process assumes that the tubes in the system are well insulated so that only the heat transfer between fluid and tube wall and between adjacent tubes is modeled. The system described in the model file is broken down into its individual components; i.e., tubes, cold plates, heat exchangers, etc. A solution vector is built from the components and a flow is then simulated with fluid being transferred from one component to the next. The solution vector of components in the model file is built at the initiation of the run. This solution vector is simply a list of components in the order of their inlet dependency on other components. The component parameters are updated in the order in which they appear in the list at every time step. Once the solution vectors have been determined, PCTAP cycles through the components in the solution vector, executing their outlet function for each time-step increment.
Comparing the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase and xylose isomerase pathways in arabinose and xylose fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (2008)

The combination of the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase pathway and the bacterial arabinose isomerase pathway resulted in both higher pentose sugar uptake and higher overall ethanol production than the combination of the xylose isomerase pathway and the bacterial arabinose isomerase pathway. Moreover, the flux through the bacterial arabinose pathway did not increase when combined with the xylose isomerase pathway. This suggests that the low activity of the bacterial arabinose pathway cannot be ascribed to arabitol formation via the xylose reductase enzyme.
MODIFICATION OF FATS AND OILS BY LIPASES (1989)

Abstract Enzymatic modification of fats and oils using lipases has recently come into limelight, giving rise to a breakthrough in modification technology. This paper describes the latest development and future trend of this new technology with respect to the enzyme lipases, lipase reactions, and bioreactor systems. Particular attention is paid to the utilization of this technology in industrial production of functional fats and oils. A new topic of the reasearch work of an enzymatic reaction of conversion from diglycerides to triglycerides in crude palm olein is presented in detail.
Remote Monitoring and Diagnostics of Pitch-Bearing Defects in an MW-Scale Wind Turbine Using Pitch Symmetrical-Component Analysis (2021)

Recently, multiple wind turbine failure databases have reviewed that the pitch system is one of the subassemblies with the highest failure rates and largest contributors to the overall downtime. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest to provide remote health monitoring for wind turbine pitch system. While most of the research articles are discussing pitch actuation system (hydraulic or electric actuator) faults only, there is very limited research on pitch-bearing-defect detection. This article provides a remote and hardware-free solution to monitor multiaxis pitch-bearing health condition called pitch symmetrical-component analysis. It leverages readily available low-resolution (100 Hz) electrical measurements, mechanical measurements, and control signals from the existing pitch control platform, and innovatively applies symmetrical-component analysis in multiphase ac system to multiaxis pitch control system and introduces multiaxis pitch-bearing degradation trending curves. This hardware-free solution can be directly applied to the existing wind turbines and successfully give the wind farm operator an early warning before multiaxis pitch bearing fails. It has been proved to be accurate, low cost, and has minimum impacts on turbine normal operation, and has been validated by field data from several North America MW-scale wind farms. This approach turns out to be the first hardware-free (no additional hardware needed) method to remotely monitor and diagnose multiaxis wind turbine pitch-bearing condition.
Modeling the shielding effectiveness of metallized fabrics (1992)

A semi-empirical model describing the plane wave shielding effectiveness (SE) of metallized fabrics, both woven and non-woven, has been developed. The model incorporates the plane wave shielding theory of homogeneous metal foils, meshes, and thick perforated metal panels into a formulation for predicting the shielding effectiveness of metallized fabrics. Data is presented from 10 MHz to 17 GHz which shows the effects of surface resistivity, maximum fabric pore size, and fabric thickness on the shielding effectiveness of the metallized material. The model predictions are compared to measured data for low copper and high copper content nylon non-woven fabrics.
Reduction of tissue injury without compromising stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy (2002)

To ameliorate vascular injury without compromising stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy, we have recently developed an in situ pulse superposition technique to suppress large intraluminal bubble expansion [Zhong and Zhou, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 3283–3291 (2001)]. This strategy was implemented using a simple modification of a HM-3 lithotripter reflector. In this work, further optimization of the reflector geometry was carried out based on theoretical analysis and in vitro pressure waveform measurements using a fiber optical hydrophone. Using the upgraded reflector, no rupture of a cellulose hollow fiber (i.d.=0.2 mm) vessel phantom could be observed around the lithotripter beam focus even after 200 shocks at 24 kV. In comparison, less than 50 shocks were needed to cause a rupture of the vessel phantom using the original reflector at 20 kV. At corresponding output settings, stone comminution is comparable between the two reflector configurations, although the size of the fragments produced by the upgraded reflector is slightly larger. In addition, preliminary results from animal studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in tissue injury using the upgraded reflector, which confirms the validity of this approach in vivo. [Work supported by NIH.]
Method For Reactivating Solid Catalysts Used For Alklation Reactions (2005)

A method for reactivating a solid alkylation catalyst is provided which can be performed within a reactor that contains the alkylation catalyst or outside the reactor. Effective catalyst reactivation is achieved whether the catalyst is completely deactivated or partially deactivated. A fluid reactivating agent is employed to dissolve catalyst fouling agents and also to react with such agents and carry away the reaction products. The deactivated catalyst is contacted with the fluid reactivating agent under pressure and temperature conditions such that the fluid reactivating agent is dense enough to effectively dissolve the fouling agents and any reaction products of the fouling agents and the reactivating agent. Useful pressures and temperatures for reactivation include near-critical, critical, and supercritical pressures and temperatures for the reactivating agent. The fluid reactivating agent can include, for example, a branched paraffin containing at least one tertiary carbon atom, or a compound that can be isomerized to a molecule containing at least one tertiary carbon atom.
Optical heterodyne detection in cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1998)

Polarization-selective optical heterodyne detection is shown to enhance the practical sensitivity of cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Initial experiments demonstrate a signal-to-noise ratio above 31 dB. Minor improvements should yield shot-noise-limited operation.
Electrical Conductivity of Soils and Soil Properties (2008)

This paper provides a new calibration equation to accurately describe soil conductivity over a wide range of water contents using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) tests. Results of tests on a spectrum of laboratory compacted soils show that the calibration equation is robust and provides meaningful indications of electrical conductivities. The proposed calibration equation is then modified to account for soil density changes. Temperature and probe geometry adjustments are given for application to field measurements where a multiple rod probe is used. For field probes, probe geometry and soil temperature must be considered to achieve accurate values.