gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Bypass Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression (2018)

The immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms to balance an extensive immune response. Distinct immunosuppressive cells could protect from excessive tissue damage and autoimmune disorders. Tumor cells take an advantage of those immunosuppressive mechanisms and establish a strongly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which inhibits antitumor immune responses, supporting the disease progression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a crucial role in this immunosuppressive TME. Those cells represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with a strong immunosuppressive potential. They inhibit an antitumor reactivity of T cells and NK cells. Furthermore, they promote angiogenesis, establish pre-metastatic niches, and recruit other immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that the enrichment and activation of MDSC correlated with tumor progression, recurrence, and negative clinical outcome. In the last few years, various preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting MDSC showed promising results. In this review, we discuss different therapeutic approaches on MDSC targeting to overcome immunosuppressive TME and enhance the efficiency of current tumor immunotherapies.
Money's Past is Fintech's Future: Wildcat Crypto, the Digital Dollar, and Citizen Central Banking (2019)

I argue that crypto-currencies will soon go the way of the ‘wildcat’ banknotes of the mid-19th century. As central banks worldwide upgrade their payments systems, the Fed will begin issuing a ‘digital dollar’ that leaves no licit function for what I call ‘wildcat crypto.’ But the imminent change heralds far more than a shakeout in ‘fintech.’ It will also make possible a new era of what I call ‘Citizen Central Banking.’ The Fed will administer a national system of what I call ‘Citizen Accounts.’ This will not only end the problem of the ‘unbanked,’ it also will simplify monetary policy. Instead of working through private bank ‘middlemen’ that it hopes will lend QE money to borrowers during a downturn, the Fed will be able to do ‘helicopter drops’ directly into Fed Citizen Accounts. And rather than rely solely on interbank lending rate hikes or countercyclical capital buffering during periods of froth, the Fed will be able to impound money through the more ‘carrot-like’ measure of interest credited to those accounts. We are at last on the verge of establishing a true ‘Fed for the People.’
Design, synthesis and evaluation of the osimertinib analogue (C-005) as potent EGFR inhibitor against NSCLC (2018)

Osimertinib has been approved as a first-line treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients whose tumor carries EGFR activation and / or resistant mutations. To mitigate Osimertinib's toxicity caused by AZ5104, the N-demethylation metabolite of Osimertinib, we designed and synthesized a series of Osimertinib analogs with different headpieces. In vitro and in vivo analysis rendered a potential clinical candidate C-005 which had pyrrolo-pyridine headpiece. Biochemically, C-005 and its main human hepatocyte metabolite showed over 30 fold selectivity of L858R/T790M mutant EGFR over WT EGFR. Such selectivity profile was retained at cellular level. In general, C-005 is 2-14 fold more selective than Osimertinib in a panel of WT EGFR cancer cell lines. Furthermore, C-005 demonstrated robust antitumor efficacy and good tolerability in NCI-H1975, PC-9 and HCC827 xenograft mouse models, making it a potential candidate for human test in clinical.
Computational Assignment of the EC Numbers for Genomic-Scale Analysis of Enzymatic Reactions (2004)

The EC (Enzyme Commission) numbers represent a hierarchical classification of enzymatic reactions, but they are also commonly utilized as identifiers of enzymes or enzyme genes in the analysis of complete genomes. This duality of the EC numbers makes it possible to link the genomic repertoire of enzyme genes to the chemical repertoire of metabolic pathways, the process called metabolic reconstruction. Unfortunately, there are numerous reactions known to be present in various pathways, but they will never get EC numbers because the EC number assignment requires published articles on full characterization of enzymes. Here we report a computerized method to automatically assign the EC numbers up to the sub-subclasses, i.e., without the fourth serial number for substrate specificity, given pairs of substrates and products. The method is based on a new classification scheme of enzymatic reactions, named the RC (reaction classification) number. Each reaction in the current dataset of the EC numbers is first decomposed into reactant pairs. Each pair is then structurally aligned to identify the reaction center, the matched region, and the difference region. The RC number represents the conversion patterns of atom types in these three regions. We examined the correspondence between computationally assigned RC numbers and manually assigned EC numbers by the jackknife cross-validation test and found that the EC sub-subclasses could be assigned with the accuracy of about 90%. Furthermore, we examined the correlation with genomic information as represented by the KEGG ortholog clusters (OC) and confirmed that the RC numbers are correlated not only with elementary reaction mechanisms but also with protein families.
Intermediates in the peroxy acid oxidation of phenyl phenylmethanethiosulfinate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermediates in the peroxy acid oxidation of phenyl phenylmethanethiosulfinateFillmore Freeman and Christos N. AngeletakisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 20, 3991–3996Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00333a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (660 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 14059: Lycopene Reduces Formation of Cholesterol Crystals and Accelerates Their Dissolution (2021)

Introduction: Cholesterol crystals are one of the main culprits behind the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and resultant thrombosis, the process responsible for the development of heart attack and ischemic stroke, the world’s leading causes of mortality. Today there are no drugs or treatment able to target these crystals. Hypothesis/Objectives and Methods: Effect of lycopene on the growth of cholesterol crystals was investigated. A study was also made on the effect of this carotenoid on the dissolution of already formed cholesterol crystals in vitro and in human atherosclerotic plaques. Results: It was found that lycopene was directly able to disrupt, slow down and facilitate the reversal of the cholesterol crystallisation process. In in vitro experiments, lycopene delayed the time of the beginning of the process by 8 fold and its rate of this process itself by 5 fold. In addition it was able to reduce the cholesterol mass involved into crystallisation by 60%, fig. 1. Even when the cholesterol crystals were formed in the presence of lycopene their size was significantly smaller than when the crystals grew undisrupted, fig. 2. This effect could be observed in a ratio of 1 molecule of lycopene to 1,000-10,000 molecules of cholesterol, which indicates that these two molecules can create a thermodynamically favourable complex, which triggers a long-range ordering transition in their folding. Conclusion: The presented findings provide a sound rationale for future studies of lycopene on its potential prevention of cholesterol crystal formation and facilitation of their disassembly in patients with clinical complications of atherosclerosis.
Beam-Scanning Continuous Transverse Stub Antenna Fed by a Ridged Waveguide Slot Array (2017)

A continuous transverse stub (CTS) array antenna is presented for beam-scanning applications. Rotatable ridged waveguide slot array (RWSA) is used as a line source to feed a CTS array for the first time. The proposed RWSA has easy design, compact structure, light weight, and easy sidelobe control. The CTS array and RWSA can be designed and optimized separately. A good beam-scanning capability of ±30° is achieved by rotating the RWSA at almost the same angles, thus obtaining a fine beam-scanning resolution. The measured aperture efficiency exceeds 60% in the entire beam-scanning range. Therefore, the proposed antenna can be a good alternative for radar systems and satellite communication terminals, which require low cost and high gain.
Targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Short Salt-Resistant Synthetic Peptides (2014)

The seriousness of microbial resistance combined with the lack of new antimicrobials has increased interest in the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as novel therapeutics. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of two short synthetic peptides, namely, RRIKA and RR. These peptides exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and their antimicrobial effects were significantly enhanced by addition of three amino acids in the C terminus, which consequently increased the amphipathicity, hydrophobicity, and net charge. Moreover, RRIKA and RR demonstrated a significant and rapid bactericidal effect against clinical and drug-resistant Staphylococcus isolates, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), linezolid-resistant S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. In contrast to many natural AMPs, RRIKA and RR retained their activity in the presence of physiological concentrations of NaCl and MgCl2. Both RRIKA and RR enhanced the killing of lysostaphin more than 1,000-fold and eradicated MRSA and VRSA isolates within 20 min. Furthermore, the peptides presented were superior in reducing adherent biofilms of S. aureus and S. epidermidis compared to results with conventional antibiotics. Our findings indicate that the staphylocidal effects of our peptides were through permeabilization of the bacterial membrane, leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents and cell death. Furthermore, peptides were not toxic to HeLa cells at 4- to 8-fold their antimicrobial concentrations. The potent and salt-insensitive antimicrobial activities of these peptides present an attractive therapeutic candidate for treatment of multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections.
Research of an Intelligent Auto-Controlling System for LCD Screen Flicker (2015)

The application of LCD has been very common. One important inspection item for LCD manufacturers is screen flicker, and its optimization has become a crucial task. An automated inspection system that aims to achieve such a goal is presented. It uses photodetector to detect the degree of LCD screen flicker and converts the detected result to digital signal by sampling circuit, acquires the degree of flickering by signal analysis, and applies signal control method to adjust LCD's VCOM voltage which optimize LCD flickering automatically to improve measurement efficiency and meet the product requirements. This translates into an improvement in efficiency by 90%, and the accuracy is also improved .
Inside Bluetooth Low Energy (2016)

Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) is one of the latest enhancement to Bluetooth technology and, as the name suggests, it is aimed at ultra low power devices, such as heart rate monitors, thermometers, and sensors. Due to very low power consumption, devices compliant with this standard can operate for several years on coin cell batteries without the need for recharging. This cutting-edge book helps you understand the whats , whys , and hows of Bluetooth LE. It includes a broad view of the technology, identifies the various building blocks, and explains how they come together. You also find discussions on Bluetooth basics, providing the background information needed to master Bluetooth LE.The book explains the architecture of Bluetooth LE stack and the functionality provided by each of the layers. You find expert guidance in setting up your own system in a quick and efficient manner with inexpensive, easily available hardware and just a couple of PCs running Linux. This unique volume features two chapters that are dedicated to writing application programs. They explain how to build basic Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy applications using the various building blocks. You also find detailed and easily understandable presentations of real-world applications that can be used as a starting point for your projects in the field. Moreover, the book included several tips and tricks on debugging Bluetooth applications. Additionally, this practical reference features exercises, sniffer air captures, message sequence charts and sample programs to help you get a first-hand feel of how the technology works.Contents: Introduction. Background of Bluetooth. Bluetooth Lower Layers. Bluetooth Upper Layers and Profiles. Getting the Hands Wet. Bluetooth Low Energy Fundamentals. Physical Layer. Link Layer. Host Controller Interface and Commands. Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP). Security Manager (SM). Attribute Protocol (ATT). Generic Attribute Profile (GATT). Generic Access Profile (GAP). GATT Based Profiles. Developing LE Applications, Testing and Qualification. Glossary of Acronyms and Important Terms.
Targeting NKG2D in tumor surveillance (2012)

Our knowledge in the precise mechanism of anti-tumor immunity is rapidly increasing. While NKG2D is known as primary cytotoxicity receptor in NK cell activation by recognizing 'induced-self' ligands on stressed cells including tumor cells, there are increasing evidences that NKG2D recognition can result in both immune activation and immune silencing. Future combined application of conventional cancer therapy and new therapy utilizing such stress-induced recognition systems will provide a novel opportunity to control malignant tumor progression of cancer disease.
Repression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin-inducible Transcription by Evi-1 (2005)

Smads, key effectors of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, activin, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, regulate gene expression and interact with coactivators and corepressors that modulate Smad activity. The corepressor Evi-1 exerts its oncogenic effects by repressing TGF-beta/Smad3-mediated transcription, thereby blocking TGF-beta-induced growth arrest. Because Evi-1 interacts with the highly conserved MH2 domain of Smad3, we investigated the physical and functional interaction of Evi-1 with Smad1 and Smad2, downstream targets of BMP and activin signaling, respectively. Evi-1 interacted with and repressed the receptor-activated transcription through Smad1 and Smad2, similarly to Smad3. In addition, Evi-1 repressed BMP/Smad1- and activin/Smad2-mediated induction of endogenous Xenopus gene expression, suggesting a role of repression of BMP and activin signals by Evi-1 in vertebrate embryogenesis. Evi-1 also repressed the induction of endogenous Smad7 expression by TGF-beta family ligands. In the course of these studies, we observed Evi-1 repression of Smad transactivation even when Smad binding to DNA was kept constant. We therefore explored the mechanism of Evi-1 repression of TGF-beta family-inducible transcription. Evi-1 repression did not result from displacement of Smad binding to DNA or to CREB-binding protein but from the recruitment of Evi-1 by Smad3 and CREB-binding protein to DNA. Following TGF-beta stimulation, Evi-1 and the associated corepressor CtBP were recruited to the endogenous Smad7 promoter. Evi-1 recruitment to the promoter decreased TGF-beta-induced histone acetylation, coincident with its repression of Smad7 gene expression. In this way, Evi-1 acts as a general Smad corepressor to inhibit TGF-beta-, activin-, and BMP-inducible transcription.
Principles of storage location assignment in multi-tier shuttle warehouse system (2017)

In order to balance the number of outbound and inbound tasks of each aisle and improve the working efficiency of the multi-tier shuttle system, three principles of storage location assignment were put forward: the principle of minimum correlation degree, the principle of equalization of product items and the principle of equalization of tasks, which were expected to be followed when storing products. The association rule analysis method in data mining was used to analyze the historical order data, and the correlation degree between different product items was obtained. According to the above three principles, simulation experiment of storage location assignment was carried out and the variance of the number of tasks in each aisle was calculated. The simulation results showed that the variance of the number of tasks of each aisle is the smallest when the three principles were adopted synthetically. It could be concluded that the three principles we put forward were of use to balance the number of tasks of each aisle in multi-tier shuttle system.
Membrane Topology and Glycosylation of the Human Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein (1996)

The membrane topology of the human multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) was examined by flow cytometry phenotyping, immunoblotting, and limited proteolysis in drug-resistant human and baculovirus-infected insect cells, expressing either the glycosylated or the underglycosylated forms of this protein. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation in human cells by tunicamycin did not inhibit the transport function or the antibody recognition of MRP, although its apparent molecular mass was reduced from 180 kDa to 150 kDa. Extracellular addition of trypsin or chymotrypsin had no effect either on the function or on the molecular mass of MRP, while in isolated membranes limited proteolysis produced three large membrane-bound fragments. These experiments and the alignment of the MRP sequence with the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) suggest that human MRP, similarly to CFTR, contains a tandem repeat of six transmembrane helices, each followed by a nucleotide binding domain, and that the C-terminal membrane-bound region is glycosylated. However, the N-terminal region of MRP contains an additional membrane-bound, glycosylated area with four or five transmembrane helices, which seems to be a characteristic feature of MRP-like ATP-binding cassette transporters.
Comparative analytics of infusion pump data across multiple hospital systems (2015)

A Web-based analytics system for conducting inhouse evaluations and cross-facility comparisons of alert data generated by smart infusion pumps is described. The Infusion Pump Informatics (IPI) project, a collaborative effort led by research scientists at Purdue University, was launched in 2009 to provide advanced analytics and tools for workflow analyses to assist hospitals in determining the significance of smart-pump alerts and reducing nuisance alerts. The IPI system allows facility-specific analyses of alert patterns and trends, as well as cross-facility comparisons of alert data uploaded by more than 55 participating institutions using different types of smart pumps. Tools accessible through the IPI portal include (1) charts displaying aggregated or breakout data on the top drugs associated with alerts, numbers of alerts per device or care area, and override-to-alert ratios, (2) investigative reports that can be used to characterize and analyze pump-programming errors in a variety of ways (e.g., by drug, by infusion type, by time of day), and (3) “drill-down” workflow analytics enabling users to evaluate alert patterns—both internally and in relation to patterns at other hospitals—in a quick and efficient stepwise fashion. The formation of the IPI analytics system to support a community of hospitals has been successful in providing sophisticated tools for member facilities to review, investigate, and efficiently analyze smart-pump alert data, not only within a member facility but also across other member facilities, to further enhance smart pump drug library design.
Performance analysis and enhancements for IEEE 802.11e wireless networks (2005)

The IEEE 802.11 WLAN legacy standard cannot provide QoS support for multimedia applications. Thus, considerable research efforts have been carried out to enhance QoS support for 802.11. Among them, 802.11e is the upcoming QoS-enhanced standard proposed by the IEEE working group. This article describes in detail the new QoS features of 802.11e based on the latest version of the standard draft. We investigate the performance of 802.11e through computer simulations. Using simple examples, we show the effectiveness of adaptive schemes under the 802.11e framework.
Impedance spectral fingerprint of E. coli cells on interdigitated electrodes: A new approach for label free and selective detection (2016)

Impedance-based biosensors for bacterial detection offer a rapid and cost-effective alternative to conventional techniques that are time-consuming and require specialized equipment and trained users. In this work, a new bacteria detection scheme is presented based on impedance measurements with antibody-modified polysilicon interdigitated electrodes (3 μm pitch, IDEs). The detection approach was carried out taking advantage of the E. coli structure which, in electrical terms, is constituted by two insulating cell membranes that separate a conductive cytoplasmatic medium and a more conductive periplasm. Impedance detection of bacteria is usually analyzed using electrical equivalent circuit models that show limitations for the interpretation of such complex cell structure. Here, a differential impedance spectrum representation is used to study the unique fingerprint that arises when bacteria attach to the surface of IDEs. That fingerprint shows the dual electrical behavior, insulating and conductive, at different frequency ranges. In parallel, finite-element simulations of this system using a three-shell bacteria model are performed to explain such phenomena. Overall, a new approach to detect bacteria is proposed that also enables to differentiate viable bacteria from other components non-specifically attached to the IDE surface by just detecting their spectral fingerprints.
Magnetic and electrical properties of iron nitride films containing both amorphous matrices and nanocrystalline grains (2004)

We have investigated the magnetic and electrical properties of iron nitride films containing both amorphous matrices and nanocrystalline grains. It is found that both the number and the size of the grains in the amorphous matrix increase as the film thickness increases. The grain is confirmed to have anε-Fe3N structure and the grain size varies in the range of 10–300 nm. The saturation magnetization and the coercivity increase as the number and the size of the grains increase. The electrical resistivity of the iron nitride films is higher than that of the iron film. It is considered that the amorphous matrices cause the high resistivity in the iron nitride films