gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated Temperatures in the Absence of Divalent Cations (2009)

Summary At elevated temperatures in aqueous solution, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAMs) experience hydrolysis of amide side groups. However, in the absence of dissolved oxygen and divalent cations, the polymer backbone can remain stable so that HPAM solutions were projected to maintain at least half their original viscosity for more than 8 years at 100°C and for approximately 2 years at 120°C. Within our experimental error, HPAM stability was the same with and without oil (decane). An acrylamide-AMPS copolymer [with 25% 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (AMPS)] showed similar stability to that for HPAM. Stability results were similar in brines with 0.3% NaCl, 3% NaCl, or 0.2% NaCl plus 0.1% NaHCO3. At temperatures of 160°C and greater, the polymers were more stable in brine with 2% NaCl plus 1% NaHCO3 than in the other brines. Even though no chemical oxygen scavengers or antioxidants were used in our study, we observed the highest level of thermal stability reported to date for these polymers. Our results provide considerable hope for the use of HPAM polymers in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) at temperatures up to 120°C if contact with dissolved oxygen and divalent cations can be minimized. Calculations performed considering oxygen reaction with oil and pyrite revealed that dissolved oxygen will be removed quickly from injected waters and will not propagate very far into porous reservoir rock. These findings have two positive implications with respect to polymer floods in high-temperature reservoirs. First, dissolved oxygen that entered the reservoir before polymer injection will have been consumed and will not aggravate polymer degradation. Second, if an oxygen leak (in the surface facilities or piping) develops during the course of polymer injection, that oxygen will not compromise the stability of the polymer that was injected before the leak developed or the polymer that is injected after the leak is fixed. Of course, the polymer that is injected while the leak is active will be susceptible to oxidative degradation. Maintaining dissolved oxygen at undetectable levels is necessary to maximize polymer stability. This can be accomplished readily without the use of chemical oxygen scavengers or antioxidants.
A user's guide to PICL a portable instrumented communication library (1990)

This report is the PCL user's guide. It contains an overview of PICL and how it is used. Examples in C Fortran are included. PICL is a subroutine library that can be used to develop parallel programs that are portable across several distributed-memory multiprocessors. PICL provides a portable syntax for key communication primitives and related system calls. It also provides portable routines to perform certain widely-used, high-level communication operations, such as global broadcast and global summation. Finally, PICL provides execution tracing that can be used to monitor performance or to aid in debugging. 2 refs., 12 figs.
A framework for detection of malicious software in Android handheld systems using machine learning techniques (2015)

Nowadays the Android platform is the fastest growing handheld operating system. As such, it has become the most coveted and viable target of malicious applications. The present study aims at designing and developing new approaches to detect malicious applications in Android-based devices. More precisely, MaLDroide (Machine Learning–based Detector for Android malware), a framework for detection of Android malware based on Machine Learning techniques, is introduced here. It is devised to identify malicious applications. To start with, features of real–world known-benign and known–malicious applications are extracted, gathering 299 features grouped into 8 categories: stats, requested permissions, used permission, API calls, Intents, risks, system calls, and content access. MaLDroide uses static analysis in order to automatically extract these features. As an essential part of the work, a mechanism for dimensionality reduction, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), was applied, the original 299 features are reduced to 27, retaining 90% of the variance, and dramatically reducing time and space consumption. Once determined the appropriate data set, a training process of the seven most widely used Machine Learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and AdaBoost) is undertaken. After an evaluation process with 436 normal applications and 2295 malware samples, and on the basis of the evaluation results, one can conclude that Support Vector Machine classifier produces the most accurate predictions, and identifies malware with an accuracy of 99.8%. The evaluation also shows that our framework constitutes a valuable tool which is effective in detecting malware for Android devices.
High speed single-pixel imaging via time domain compressive sampling (2014)

We report a high speed single-pixel microscopic imaging method by compressive sampling accomplished with time-stretch technique. By this method, we demonstrate a single-pixel imaging system with 1000 times faster than the conventional single-pixel cameras.
Toxic effects of aldehydes released from fixed pericardium on bovine aortic endothelial cells (1989)

Glutaraldehyde (GA) and formaldehyde (FA) were shown to be released from 1 cm2 fixed pericard patches into 2-mL storage solutions after three 2-min washings in concentrations of about 1 mg/L. The cytotoxicity of these aldehyde concentrations on bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) was evaluated in vitro, by proliferation capacity, cellular ATP content, PGI2 release and cyclic AMP synthesis. Continuous incubation of BAECs with GA greater than 0.1 mg/L and FA greater than 0.5 mg/L resulted in a significantly inhibited proliferation and in an increase of the intracellular Ca2+ triggered parameters, PGI2 and cyclic AMP, up to three fold. This strongly suggests an aldehyde-induced inhibition of the plasma-membrane bound Ca2+-ATPase, an enzyme which normally maintains low intracellular Ca2+-level. From these findings there is evidence that aldehydes released from bioprosthetic valve tissue may contribute to the lack of endothelial cell coverage in human implants.
[Genetic transformation of sugar beet: evolution of theoretical and experimental approaches]. (2005)

The review is dedicated to several aspects of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) biotechnology: in vitro cultivation, callus induction, plant regeneration and genetic transformation. Media composition, methods of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and protoplast culture are analysed. The use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and gold particle bombardment is the base for modern genetic transformation methods.
Heat shock causes the collapse of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in <i>Drosophila</i> embryos (1990)

Heat shock has a dramatic effect on the organization of the cytoplasm, causing the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to aggregate at the nucleus. This has previously been shown in cultured Drosophila and mammalian cells. In this paper we analyze the heat lability of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in early Drosophila embryos by indirect immunofluorescence. At all stages of embryogenesis tested, the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, which is maternally provided, is severely disturbed by 30 min heat shock at 37 degrees C. After the nuclei have migrated to the subcortical cytoplasm, it collapses around them. Nuclei in all heat-shocked embryos are considerably enlarged and become displaced. Embryos before cellular blastoderm stage, in which heat shock protein synthesis is not inducible, are irreversibly arrested in development by heat shock. Embryos at or after cellular blastoderm, which do synthesize heat shock proteins in response to stress, are also immediately arrested in development but continue development when returned to 25 degrees C. We discuss the possibility that cytoplasmic events such as the intermediate filament cytoskeleton rearrangement may be involved in heat shock-mediated phenocopy induction.
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY USING QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS (2009)

Author Institution: Bruker Optics, Billerica, MA 01821; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenem-Susceptible Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli in the Clinical Laboratory (2006)

Rapid detection of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing gram-negative pathogens is critical to prevent their widespread dissemination. Thus far, no standardized phenotypic method is available, and previously reported techniques have poor sensitivity for detecting carbapenem-susceptible MBL-carrying isolates, an increasingly described phenomenon. We developed a phenotypic detection method using both a double-disk synergy test and a combined-disk test with imipenem and 292 microg EDTA on one agar plate. Genotypic confirmation was used for validation. Of the 134 clinical isolates, 84 were confirmed to carry an MBL. Of these, 51 (61%) were susceptible to at least one carbapenem, and 22 (26%) were isolated from blood. The phenotypic method correctly differentiated all MBL-producing isolates (sensitivity, 100%). Fifty-one of the 52 MBL-negative isolates were correctly differentiated (specificity, 98%). This study reports the validation of a simple and accurate MBL detection method that can be easily incorporated into the daily routine of a clinical laboratory. Early detection of MBL-carrying organisms, including those with susceptibility to carbapenems, is of paramount clinical importance, as it allows rapid initiation of strict infection control practices as well as therapeutic guidance for confirmed infection.
New Trends in Microbial Production of 3-hydroxypropionic Acid (2014)

Production of bio-based chemicals nowadays is more crucial than ever. The fact that 3-Hydroxypropionic acid can serve as a building block chemical for the production of other high added value chemicals, has made it as one of the most valuable chemicals according to US DOE. Recently, researchers have turned their interest to the construction of a microbial cell factory that will be capable of producing 3-hydroxypropionic acid from renewable raw materials. Most of the work is dedicated to the utilization of glycerol as raw material by employing either Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Several genes were tested and evaluated and different cultivation techniques were applied. During the last few years, promising levels of 3- hydroxypropionic acid were obtained, however more efforts have to be dedicated in this direction of the commercialization of the process that seems to be closer than even before. Keywords: 3-hydroxypropionic acid, building block chemicals, glycerol, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, metabolic engineering.
Anti‐IL‐17A Autovaccination Prevents Clinical and Histological Manifestations of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2007)

Excessive or inappropriate production of IL-17A has been reported in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. The potential clinical relevance of these correlations was suggested by the protective effects of anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibodies in various mouse disease models. However, the chronic nature of the corresponding human afflictions raises great challenges for Ab-based therapies. An alternative to passive Ab therapy is autovaccination. Covalent association of self-cytokines with foreign proteins has been reported to induce the production of antibodies capable of neutralizing the biological activity of the target cytokine. We recently reported that cross-linking of IL-17A to ovalbumin produced highly immunogenic complexes that induced long-lasting IL-17A-neutralizing antibodies. Vaccinated SJL mice were completely protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by proteolipid protein peptide (PLP 139-151), and a monoclonal anti-IL-17A Ab (MM17F3), derived from C57Bl/6 mice vaccinated against IL-17A-OVA, also prevented disease development. Here we report that this Ab also protects C57Bl/6 mice from myelin oligdendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE. Histological analysis of brain sections of C57Bl/6 mice treated with MM17F3 showed a complete absence of inflammatory infiltrates and evidence for a marked inhibition of chemokine and cytokine messages in the spinal cord. These results further extend the analytical and therapeutic potential of the autovaccine procedure.
Errors and Omissions in Anesthesia: A Pilot Study Using a Pilot???s Checklist (2005)

There are recent concerns that anesthesiologists are becoming less skilled in providing general anesthesia for Cesarean delivery. We considered whether a verbal checklist would help in the preparation for this event. We created a list of items to be checked when preparing to administer general anesthesia for a Cesarean delivery using expert opinion. This list was loaded onto an electronic checklist system with voice prompts and tested on 20 anesthesiologists using a high-fidelity anesthesia simulator. Participants omitted to check a median of 13 (range, 7-23) of 40 items. Common omissions included not checking that the difficult intubation trolley was available and not optimizing the patient's head position. Most (95%) participants felt that the checklist was useful and 80% would like to use it for practicing simulated scenarios; 60% preferred a written checklist and 40% preferred the verbal checklist. Important checks may be forgotten when preparing to give a general anesthetic for Cesarean delivery, and the use of a checklist could improve patient safety.
Poly(vinyl alcohol): review of its promising applications and insights into biodegradation (2016)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) is a promising class of synthetic polymer biodegradable under a two-step metabolism consisting of an oxidation and hydrolysis.
Dual-polarized flat array antenna (2002)

In Europe, satellite broadcasting services such as ASTRA are getting more popular. The services currently use 4-types of communication satellites with 516 channels. It is necessary for large number of channels reception that the antenna has a wide frequency band-width (10.7 GHz to 11.7 GHz) on both vertical and horizontal polarization with high efficiency, and a compact structure for easy installation. This paper presents a small sized, wide band and dual polarized flat antenna for this application, and also proposes a dual circular polarized antenna for DBS reception.
Temperature compensating bias circuit for GaAs HBT RF power amplifiers with stage bypass architecture (2008)

The design of a temperature compensating bias circuit applicable to GaAs HBT radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) is presented. It is developed by adding a simple voltage-compensation circuit to the existing base bias circuit. It is applied to a stage bypass RF PA and the experimental results show that the quiescent current (Q-current) remains nearly unchanged over a temperature range between −30–85°C, which markedly improves the linearity of the PA at low temperatures.
A 57.9-to-68.3 GHz 24.6 mW Frequency Synthesizer With In-Phase Injection-Coupled QVCO in 65 nm CMOS Technology (2014)

A fully integrated 60 GHz frequency synthesizer with an in-phase injection-coupled quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (IPIC-QVCO) is proposed. Through a particular symmetrical coupling network formed by diode-connected transistors, the in-phase coupling is realized in the IPIC-QVCO, which reduces both phase noise and phase error. A compact inductor-less divider chain is designed to reduce power consumption. A self-correcting low spur charge pump is employed to reduce reference spur. A standalone 60 GHz IPIC-QVCO and a fully integrated PLL are implemented in standard 65 nm low power CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the QVCO covers a frequency range from 57.88 to 68.33 GHz while consuming 11.4 mW power from a 1.2 V supply. The phase noise of the QVCO is -92 ~ -95 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The FOM and FOM T of the QVCO are -178.1 ~ -179.7 and -182.5 ~ -184.1 dBc/Hz respectively. The tuning range of the frequency synthesizer is from 57.9 to 68.3 GHz, and the power consumption is 24.6 mW. The phase noise of the frequency synthesizer is -89.8 ~ -91.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset across the frequency band.
A new polymer thin film with electrical bistable states (2005)

Abstract Thin film polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) with electrical bistable states at room temperature has been obtained by vacuum deposition. The grain size of the film was less than 100 nm with a roughness of a few nanometers. This film showed a good thermal stability up to 150 °C. The impedance of the film can be changed from a high‐impedance state to a conductive state when a voltage higher than 3.5 V is applied, and the transition time was less than 20 ns. This material is suitable for producing ultrahigh‐capacity memory. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Usefulness of Crevicular Coptidis Rhizoma Therapy for Periodontal Disease. (2000)

本研究は, 強い消炎 (清熱) 解毒作用を有する生薬, 黄連の歯周病に対する局所薬物療法剤としての有用性を評価することを目的とした。黄連の抗炎症能は, 活性酸素消去能および血管透過性試験から評価した。さらに, 黄連の抗炎症能を臨床的に評価する目的で, 10名の成人性歯周炎患者の歯周ポケットに黄連を局所投与した。評価項目は, 投与直前, 投与1日, 7日および14日後における歯周炎の臨床指標 (gingival index: GI, bleeding on probing: BOP), gingival crevicular fluid volume: GCF量) およびGCF中のInterleukin-1 (IL-1) α およびIL-1β 量の変動様態である。その結果, 黄連は強い活性酸素消去能を有した。また, 黄連は投与直後に一過性に血管透過性を亢進させたが, その作用は3時間以内に消失し, この機序にはヒスタミン遊離の影響が示唆された。臨床評価において, 黄連は, GIおよびBOPを投与後14日目まで有意に低下させP<0.005), GCF量を7日目まで有意に低下させた (P<0.01)。また, 黄連は, GCF中のIL-1α 量を投与1 4 (日目まで有意に低下させ, IL-1β 量を14日目後に有意に低下させた (p<0.01)。これらの結果から, 黄連は, 活性酸素およびインターロイキン1産生を抑制することで, 歯周組織の炎症反応を抑制する事が示唆された。
Progress in research and development for high temperature and low temperature superconductors (1992)

It is noted that the most significant result in the development of Nb-Ti conductors in the last few years is the attainment of the critical current density J/sub c/(5 T, 4.2 K)=(3-4)*10/sup 9/ A/m/sup 2/ in industrial lots of wires. This value is close to the upper limit for traditional thermomechanical treatments with low-temperature annealing. New results on Nb/sub 3/Sn and other A-15 compounds have been obtained using methods that overcome some weak points of the bronze process. However, the bronze technology will remain the most suitable for large-scale production. Active work on the first stage of HTSC (high-temperature superconductor) development has produced some promising results. Critical current density values at 4.2 K and 77.3 K have been obtained in bulk samples such that practical applications of HTSC in high current technologies can be seriously considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Vivo Elution Rate of Drug Eluting Ceramic Leads with a Reduced Dose of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (1990)

We have evaluated the in vivo elution rate and the threshold voltage performance of a new lead incorporating a controlled delivery device based on a porous ceramic collar. The drug, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP less than 0.2 mg), was contained within the pores of a ceramic collar that was positioned externally and adjacent to a 4 mm2 Pt/Ir coated electrode. Thirty-three leads comprising a porous ceramic drug eluting collar (DEC) were implanted in the right ventricle of 12 sheep. In vivo elution was determined by analyzing the drug remaining in the collar after 1, 3, 11, and 28 days. Voltage thresholds were measured at implant and then weekly for 28 days on three sheep. Results were compared to leads with identical electrodes but with silicone DEC (DSP less than 0.5 mg). The in vivo elution rate of the ceramic DEC leads was fast with approximately 50% of the drug content on the first day. Although the drug content and elution rates were different for the ceramic and silicone DEC leads, the threshold performance of the leads was similar. For ceramic and silicone DEC leads, threshold voltages at implant and at 4 weeks were 0.29 +/- 0.09 compared to 0.37 +/- 0.08 and 0.42 +/- 0.08 compared to 0.44 +/- 0.13, respectively. The results show that a relatively rapid release of a reduced dose of DSP from a DEC is still effective in reducing threshold peaking.
Surgical debulking promotes recruitment of macrophages and triggers glioblastoma phagocytosis in combination with CD47 blocking immunotherapy (2017)

Surgical resection is a standard component of treatment in the clinical management of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, experimental therapies are rarely investigated in the context of tumor debulking in preclinical models. Here, a surgical debulking GBM xenograft model was developed in nude rats, and was used in combination with CD47 blocking immunotherapy, a novel treatment strategy that triggers phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages in diverse cancer types including GBM. Orthotopic patient-derived xenograft tumors expressing CD47 were resected at 4 weeks after implantation and immediately thereafter treated with anti-CD47 or control antibodies injected into the cavity. Debulking prolonged survival (median survival, 68.5 vs 42.5 days, debulking and non-debulking survival times, respectively; n = 6 animals/group; P = 0.0005). Survival was further improved in animals that underwent combination treatment with anti-CD47 mAbs (median survival, 81.5 days vs 69 days, debulking + anti-CD47 vs debulking + control IgG, respectively; P = 0.0007). Immunohistochemistical staining of tumor sections revealed an increase in recruitment of cells positive for CD68, a marker for macrophages/immune cell types, to the surgical site (50% vs 10%, debulking vs non-debulking, respectively). Finally, analysis of tumor protein lysates on antibody microarrays demonstrated an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as CXCL10, and a decrease in angiogenic proteins in debulking + anti-CD47 vs non-debulking + IgG tumors. The results indicated that surgical resection combined with anti-CD47 blocking immunotherapy promoted an inflammatory response and prolonged survival in animals, and is therefore an attractive strategy for clinical translation.