gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromigration Injection from a Small Loop in Capillary Electrophoresis (1996)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is now clearly the separation technique of the decade. One aspect that is still in need of improvement is concentration sensitivity, especially when CE is used in conjunction with on-column UV-visible absorptiometry, by far the most common practice. Electromigration injection (EI) is among the most prominent techniques in CE that serves to improve the attainable limits of detection; it is also the most convenient and simplest of all injection modes. Unfortunately, EI is affected both from sample to sample (the amount of an analyte introduced depends on sample conductance) and from analyte to analyte within a sample (the introduction is strongly biased on analyte electrical mobility). Previously we have shown the utility of small loops affixed at the tip of a capillary (Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 3853-3860; 1996, 68, 1164-1168). The present paper shows that there are remarkable advantages to be gained from forming a film of the sample solution on a wire loop and using the loop itself as the high-voltage electrode to perform electromigration from a very small sample volume. The sample constituents can be essentially exhaustively electromigrated from this volume in less than 1 min, and the mobility induced bias is dramatically lowered. The observed experimental behavior agrees with theoretical models.
<i>PCGEM1</i>, a prostate-specific gene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer (2000)

A prostate-specific gene, PCGEM1, was identified by differential display analysis of paired normal and prostate cancer tissues. Multiple tissue Northern blot analysis revealed that PCGEM1 was expressed exclusively in human prostate tissue. Analysis of PCGEM1 expression in matched normal and primary tumor specimens revealed tumor-associated overexpression in 84% of patients with prostate cancer by in situ hybridization assay and in 56% of patients by reverse transcription-PCR assay. Among various prostate cancer cell lines analyzed, PCGEM1 expression was detected only in the androgen receptor-positive cell line LNCaP. Extensive DNA sequence analysis of the PCGEM1 cDNA and genomic DNA revealed that PCGEM1 lacks protein-coding capacity and suggests that it may belong to an emerging class of noncoding RNAs, also called "riboregulators." The PCGEM1 locus was mapped to chromosome 2q32. Taken together, the remarkable prostate-tissue specificity and androgen-dependent expression of PCGEM1 as well as its elevated expression in a significant percentage of tumor tissues suggest specific functions of PCGEM1 in the biology and tumorigenesis of the prostate gland.
Layered compression for high-precision depth data (2015)

With the development of depth data acquisition technologies, access to high-precision depth with more than 8-b depths has become much easier and determining how to efficiently represent and compress high-precision depth is essential for practical depth storage and transmission systems. In this paper, we propose a layered high-precision depth compression framework based on an 8-b image/video encoder to achieve efficient compression with low complexity. Within this framework, considering the characteristics of the high-precision depth, a depth map is partitioned into two layers: 1) the most significant bits (MSBs) layer and 2) the least significant bits (LSBs) layer. The MSBs layer provides rough depth value distribution, while the LSBs layer records the details of the depth value variation. For the MSBs layer, an error-controllable pixel domain encoding scheme is proposed to exploit the data correlation of the general depth information with sharp edges and to guarantee the data format of LSBs layer is 8 b after taking the quantization error from MSBs layer. For the LSBs layer, standard 8-b image/video codec is leveraged to perform the compression. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed coding scheme can achieve real-time depth compression with satisfactory reconstruction quality. Moreover, the compressed depth data generated from this scheme can achieve better performance in view synthesis and gesture recognition applications compared with the conventional coding schemes because of the error control algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> Promoted O‐Alkylation of Acids. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Near-optimal private approximation protocols via a black box transformation (2011)

We show the following transformation: any two-party protocol for outputting a (1+e)-approximation to f(x,y) = ∑j=1n g(xj, yj) with probability at least 2/3, for any non-negative efficienty computable function g, can be transformed into a two-party private approximation protocol with only a polylogarithmic factor loss in communication, computation, and round complexity. In general it is insufficient to use secure function evaluation or fully homomorphic encryption on a standard, non-private protocol for approximating f. This is because the approximation may reveal information about x and y that does not follow from f(x,y). Applying our transformation and variations of it, we obtain near-optimal private approximation protocols for a wide range of problems in the data stream literature for which previously nothing was known. We give near-optimal private approximation protocols for the lp-distance for every p ≥ 0, for the heavy hitters and importance sampling problems with respect to any lp-norm, for the max-dominance and other dominant lp-norms, for the distinct summation problem, for entropy, for cascaded frequency moments, for subspace approximation and block sampling, and for measuring independence of datasets. Using a result for data streams, we obtain private approximation protocols with polylogarithmic communication for every non-decreasing and symmetric function g(xj,yj) = h(xj-yj) with at most quadratic growth. If the original (non-private) protocol is a simultaneous protocol, e.g., a sketching algorithm, then our only cryptographic assumption is efficient symmetric computationally-private information retrieval; otherwise it is fully homomorphic encryption. For all but one of these problems, the original protocol is a sketching algorithm. Our protocols generalize straightforwardly to more than two parties.
An Evaluation Method of Electromagnetic Interference Based on a Fast <i>S</i>-Transform and Time–Frequency Space Model (2021)

Electromagnetic interference has a serious impact on the normal operation of electronic equipment. Evaluating the complexity degree of electromagnetic interference is a prerequisite for effective anti-interference. This article proposes a novel electromagnetic environment complexity evaluation algorithm based on the fast <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -transform (FST) and time–frequency space model, which can extract three main characteristic parameters simultaneously. First, the equations for the time complexity, frequency complexity, and energy complexity are derived simultaneously by using the FST. Then, the computational methods and concepts of qualitative and quantitative evaluation degrees are introduced using the time–frequency space model. To overcome the 1-D limitations of the traditional method, the 3-D time–frequency space coincidence degree and root-mean-square are selected as two important evaluation indicators. Finally, combined with the time–frequency space model, we performed an electromagnetic interference experiment taking the radio frequency identification card as a test subject. The simulation and experimental results show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Potent Affinity Labeling Peptide Inhibitors of Calpain (1990)

Abstract We have employed a recently described affinity labeling approach using S-(3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl) group (Npys) to devise unique inhibitors of the Ca++-dependent thiol protease, calpain. Compounds with Npys group bound on the peptides with Leu-Leu or Val-Val sequences were found to be highly potent inhibitors of calpain.
End-to-end scheduling for all-optical data centers (2015)

This paper considers the end-to-end scheduling for all-optical data center networks with zero in-network buffer and non-negligible reconfiguration delay. It is known that in the regime where the scheduling reconfiguration delay is non-negligible, the rate of schedule reconfiguration should be limited in such a way as to minimize the impact of reduced duty-cycles and to ensure bounded delay. However, when the scheduling rate is restricted, the existing literature also tends to restrict the rate of monitoring and decision processes. We first present a framework for scheduling with reconfiguration delay that decouples the rate of scheduling from the rate of monitoring. Under this framework, we then present two scheduling algorithms for switches with reconfiguration delay, both based on the well-known MaxWeight scheduling policy. The first one is the Periodic MaxWeight (PMW), which is simpler in computation, but requires prior knowledge of traffic load. The other is the Adaptive MaxWeight (AMW), which, in contrast, requires no prior knowledge. We show the stability condition for both algorithms and evaluate their delay performance through simulations.
Evaluating topologically diverse metal–organic frameworks for cryo-adsorbed hydrogen storage (2016)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials synthesized by combining inorganic and organic molecular building blocks into crystalline networks of distinct topologies.
4D robust optimization including uncertainties in time structures can reduce the interplay effect in proton pencil beam scanning radiation therapy (2018)

The current study shows the potential of reducing interplay effects in proton pencil beam scanning radiotherapy by incorporating organ motion and delivery characteristics in a 4D robust optimization.
Emerging applications for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (2010)

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 850 nm have experienced explosive growth in the past decade because of their many attractive optical features and incredibly low-cost manufacturability. This review reviews the foundations for GaAs-based VCSEL technology as well as the materials and device challenges to extend the operating wavelength to both shorter and longer wavelengths. We discuss some of the applications that are enabled by the integration of VCSELs with both active and passive semiconductor elements for telecommunications, both in vivo and in vitro biosensing, high-density optical storage and imaging at wavelengths much less than the diffraction limit of light.
High-Voltage ESD Protection Device With Fast Transient Reaction and High Holding Voltage (2019)

A stacked p-n-p(s) and grounded-gate NMOS (ggNMOS) electrostatic discharge (ESD) solution, with higher holding voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> ) and faster transient reaction than a p-n-p-embedded SCR, is proposed for high-voltage (HV) applications. The lowering of the beta gain (β) of the p-n-p by the use of a deep-N-well (DNW)-based p-n-p in the proposed ESD device is a key to weakening the parasitic SCR action and results in an increase of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> . A lower voltage overshoot and fast transient reaction in a charged device model (CDM) event are due to the ggNMOS (parasitic n-p-n). The trigger and ESD shunting mechanisms are determined by the p-n-p(s) in series with the ggNMOS. This is an attractive configuration for achieving an effective, HV ESD device with high VH and low-voltage overshoot under CDM conditions.
Active Control and Gate-Driver Design for Voltage Balancing of Both MOSFETs and Body-Diodes in Series-Connected SiC MOSFETs (2021)

Series-connected SiC MOSFETs under ac load current requires the voltage balancing for both MOSFETs and body-diodes. The passive snubber solution improves the voltage sharing of both MOSFETs and body-diodes but significantly increases the switching losses. Although the existing active voltage balancing (AVB) methods minimize the extra switching losses, they can only achieve the voltage adjustment of MOSFETs. To achieve the active voltage adjustment for both MOSFETs and body-diodes, this paper proposes a new AVB method for two series-connected SiC MOSFETs: after the turn-off transient, an extra short-pulse gate signal is applied on one device to adjust the channel resistance and control the voltage sharing. This paper first presents the detailed impact and implementation of the short-pulse gate signal on the voltage sharing under ac load current. The closed-loop control of short-pulse width and its integration with gate driver design is then introduced. To verify the proposed AVB approach and the designed gate driver, experiments with two series-connected 10 kV SiC MOSFETs under different conditions are conducted and presented at the end of the paper.
Stabilization and optimum biasing of dynamic-single-mode coupled-cavity lasers (1984)

Stabilization and control of coupled-cavity lasers are considered. Constant output power plots on the I1 vs I2 plane determine optimum dc bias points and how the rf modulation should be applied. A double feedback-loop control circuit provides stable, single-mode operation over wide ranges of temperature and power under modulation. Experiments demonstrate ≥24 dB of spurious mode suppression under almost complete on/off high-speed modulation over &gt;15 °C.
<title>Automated detection of pulmonary nodules in helical computed tomography images of the thorax</title> (1998)

We are developing a fully automated method for the detection of lung nodules in helical computed tomography (CT) images of the thorax. In our computerized method, gray-level thresholding is used to segment the lungs from the thorax region within each CT section. A rolling ball operation is employed to more accurately delineate the lung boundaries, thereby incorporating peripheral nodules within the segmented lung regions. A multiple gray-level thresholding scheme is then used to capture nodules by creating a series of binary images in which a pixel is turned `on' if the corresponding image pixel has a gray level greater than the selected threshold. Groups of contiguous `on' pixels are identified as individual signals. To distinguish nodules from vessels, geometric descriptors are calculated for each signal detected in the series of binary images. The values of these descriptors are input to an artificial neural network, which allows for the elimination of a high percentage of false-positive signals.
Video coding of dynamic 3D point cloud data (2019)

<p>Due to the increased popularity of augmented (AR) and virtual (VR) reality experiences, the interest in representing the real world in an immersive fashion has never been higher. Distributing such representations enables users all over the world to freely navigate in never seen before media experiences. Unfortunately, such representations require a large amount of data, not feasible for transmission on today's networks. Thus, efficient compression technologies are in high demand. This paper proposes an approach to compress 3D video data utilizing 2D video coding technology. The proposed solution was developed to address the needs of "tele-immersive" applications, such as VR, AR, or mixed reality with "Six Degrees of Freedom" capabilities. Volumetric video data is projected on 2D image planes and compressed using standard 2D video coding solutions. A key benefit of this approach is its compatibility with readily available 2D video coding infrastructure. Furthermore, objective and subjective evaluation shows significant improvement in coding efficiency over reference technology. The proposed solution was contributed and evaluated in international standardization. Although it is was not selected as the winning proposal, as very similar solution has been selected developed since then.</p>
LQ-MPC Design for Degradation-Conscious Control of PEM Fuel Cells (2019)

This paper presents a formulation for degradation-conscious control of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells with the particular goal of improving the membrane's mechanical durability. Specifically, a 1D through-the-membrane model of the PEM fuel cell is developed as the plant model based on the authors' previous work. The model is two-phase, non-isothermal, and has 36 states in total. This model is then reduced for control purposes to obtain an 8-state, parameter varying model that retains the main features of the full-order model. The reduced model is then linearized about the current operating point to render a linear model for a linear quadratic model predictive control (LQ-MPC) problem formulation. The control objective is to meet a power demand while satisfying various constraints on membrane hydration and temperature, liquid accumulation in the catalyst layers, and actuator limits. Simulation results demonstrate the promise of the resulting LQ-MPC framework in enabling degradation-conscious control for PEM fuel cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Modulated Chemical Doping of Individual Carbon Nanotubes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DINE: A Next Generation Diet Management and Evaluation System (1995)

Abstract Currently, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (1989), the Dietary Goals for the United States (1977), the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (1990), the Nutrition Facts Label, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Health and Human Services (USDA/HHS, 1992) Food Guide Pyramid are the major standards used to assess the nutritional adequacy of eating patterns and to provide food guidance for Americans. None of these guidelines has a composite scoring system and is inclusive of all the important nutrients. The DINE evaluation process was developed, based on national nutrition objectives, to quickly and accurately evaluate food choices using a straightforward scoring procedure with predictor nutrients. The DINE process also includes a diet management system that provides a comparison of an individual's actual diet with his or her ideal diet and personalized messages. Evaluations with diversified populations were conducted over a 10-year period to develop and to refine the process.
Laminated plastic microfluidic components for biological and chemical systems (1999)

Laminated plastic microfluidic components are being developed for biological testing systems and chemical sensors. Applications include a DNA thermal cycler, DNA analytical systems, electrophoretic flow systems, dialysis systems, and metal sensors for ground water. This article describes fabrication processes developed for these plastic microfluidic components, and the fabrication of a chromium metal sensor and a microdialysis device. Most of the components have a stacked architecture. Using this architecture, the fluid flows, or is pumped through, as many as nine laminated functional levels. Functions include pumping, mixing, reaction, detection, reservoirs, separations, and electronics. Polyimide, poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), and polycarbonate materials with thicknesses between 25 and 125 μm are used to construct the components. This makes the components low cost, inert to many biological fluids and chemicals, and disposable. The components are fabricated by excimer laser micromachining the microchannel patterns and microstructures in the various laminates. In some cases, micropumps are integrated into these components to move the fluids. Vias and interconnects are also cut by the laser and integrated with micropumps. The laminates are sealed and bonded by adhesive and thermal processes and are leak tight. The parts withstand pressures as high as 790 kPa. Typical channel widths are 50 to 100 μm, with aspect ratios near 5.
A novel online rotor temperature estimator for induction machines based on a cascading motor parameter estimation scheme (2005)

This paper proposes a cascading motor parameter estimation scheme to obtain an online estimate of the rotor temperature for a small to medium size mains-fed induction machine. The stator winding resistance at ambient temperature is the only motor parameter needed as an input. First the inductances are estimated according to the equivalent circuit developed from the rotor flux field orientation. Then the estimated inductances are fed into the rotor resistance estimation algorithm to yield an estimate of the rotor resistance. The rotor speed, obtained from the rotor slot harmonics detection algorithm, is also used as an input to the rotor resistance estimation algorithm. Finally the rotor temperature is calculated from the linear relationship between the temperature and the rotor resistance. Experimental results are shown to validate the proposed scheme with accurate tracking of the rotor temperature rises at different load levels. The whole scheme is fast and reliable and is therefore suitable to be incorporated into an existing rotor thermal protection system.
Genetics of individual differences in bitter taste perception: lessons from the <i>PTC</i> gene (2004)

The ability or inability to taste the compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is a classic inherited trait in humans and has been the subject of genetic and anthropological studies for over 70 years. This trait has also been shown to correlate with a number of dietary preferences and thus may have important implications for human health. The recent identification of the gene that underlies this phenotype has produced several surprising findings. This gene is a member of the T2R family of bitter taste receptor genes. It exists in seven different allelic forms, although only two of these, designated the major taster and major non-taster forms, exist at high frequency outside sub-Saharan Africa. The non-taster allele resides on a small chromosomal region identical by descent, indicating that non-tasters are descended from an ancient founder individual, and consistent with an origin of the non-taster allele preceding the emergence of modern humans out of Africa. The two major forms differ from each other at three amino acid positions, and both alleles have been maintained at high frequency by balancing natural selection, suggesting that the non-taster allele serves some function. We hypothesize that this function is to serve as a receptor for another, as yet unidentified toxic bitter substance. At least some of the remaining five haplotypes appear to confer intermediate sensitivity to PTC, suggesting future detailed studies of the relationships between receptor structure and taste function.
58.5: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : 14.3 inch Active Matrix‐Based Plastic Electrophoretic Display Using Low Temperature Processes (2007)

Abstract A 14.3‐inch black and white plastic electrophoretic display (EPD) was developed at the resolution of 1280 × 900 lines (112 ppi). All of the processes of TFT and electrophoretic sheet (EPS) lamination were not only carried out below 120°C, but also optimized for large area TFT‐EPD on PEN plastic films.