gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microstrip resonant biosensor for aqueous glucose detection in microfluidic medical applications (2014)

A highly sensitive biosensor to detect small variations of glucose concentrations in water is proposed. The sensor structure is based on a planar half-wavelength (lambda/2) microstrip line (MSL) resonator with a microflu-idic container placed on top. The interaction between the electric field and the milliliter range water-glucose solutions under test can be observed measuring the phase shift of the S-parameter from 3.95 to 4.10 GHz. Combining the microwave detection and the microfluidic network, a time efficient and low cost architecture is presented. With this technique, a very sensitive water-glucose concentration of less than 50 mg/dl can be separated.
Flexure strength of multilayer ceramic capacitors (1999)

The flexure strength (MOR) of multilayer ceramic (MLC) capacitors has been investigated by three point loading tests, using a specially designed, miniaturised test rig. The starting materials were blanks and MLC capacitors of Z5U and X7R formulations containing different numbers of electrodes and ink laydown concentrations. It was found for blanks that MOR decreased as the specimen thickness increased, while for X7R capacitors the MOR increased with the number of electrodes. Electron microscopy showed major differences in the mode of fracture of Z5U and X7R MLC capacitors. In as fired components the MOR varied with the ink laydown concentration, but in equivalent components which had been terminated and annealed, the flexure strength was uniformly high and independent of ink concentration.
Hypertension and pre‐eclampsia in women with gestational glucose intolerance (1993)

The relationship between pregnancy-induced hypertension (and pre-eclampsia) and gestational glucose intolerance was examined prospectively in 81 women with gestational diabetes mellitus. A borderline group consisted of 203 women with a single abnormal value on an oral glucose tolerance test. Controls consisted of 327 healthy women with normal glucose tolerance test at 28-32 weeks of gestation. The women with gestational diabetes were older (p < 0.01) and their prepregnancy weight and body mass index were higher (p < 0.001) than those in the control group. Also the women in the borderline group had higher prepregnancy weight (p < 0.01) and body mass index (p < 0.001) than the women in the control group. However, the pregnancy weight gain was lower in the gestational diabetics than in the control women (p < 0.001). Birth weight, birth trauma, low Apgar scores and hypoglycemia did not differ between the groups. However, hyperbilirubinemia occurred more frequently (28.4% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.001) in the gestational diabetics than in the controls. The frequency of both chronic hypertension (2.5% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.05) and pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia (19.8% vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001) were higher in the gestational diabetes group, but not in the borderline group when compared with the controls.
Angiogenic oligosaccharides of hyaluronan enhance the production of collagens by endothelial cells (1993)

The present study demonstrates a relationship between angiogenic oligosaccharides of hyaluronan (HA) and the production of collagens during the process of angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. The addition of angiogenic oligosaccharides of HA to the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo induced a deposition of collagen fibrils. The treatment of sub-confluent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells with the same oligosaccharides (1 microgram/ml) increased the uptake of [3H]proline by approximately 60%. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of treated cultures demonstrated the enhanced synthesis of type I and type VIII collagens. The production of type VIII collagen was confirmed by western blotting and immunocytochemistry using antibodies to sheep and bovine type VIII collagen. Type VIII collagen is a short chain collagen that has a high degree of homology to cartilage-specific type X collagen. The biological functions of type VIII and type X collagens are unknown. We have suggested that the two collagens play a role in the process of angiogenesis.
Comparison of AFLPs, RAPD Markers, and Isozymes for Diversity Assessment of Garlic and Detection of Putative Duplicates in Germplasm Collections (2003)

Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) is an asexually propagated crop that displays much morphological diversity. Studies which have assessed garlic diversity with isozymes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generally agreed with the morphological observations but sometimes failed to discriminate clones. To discriminate among closely related garlic clones in more detail, we introduced amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLPs) to evaluate the genetic diversity and phenetic relatedness of 45 garlic clones and three A. longicuspis clones and we compared AFLP results with RAPD markers and isozymes. Three AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 183 polymorphic fragments. Although similarities between the clusters were low (≥0.30), some clones within the clusters were very similar (>0.95) with AFLP analysis. Sixteen clones represented only six different banding patterns, within which they shared 100% polymorphic AFLPs and RAPD markers, and likely are duplicates. In agreement with the results of other investigators, A. longicuspis and A. sativum clones were clustered together with no clear separation, suggesting these species are not genetically or specifically distinct. The topology of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme dendrograms were similar, but RAPD and isozyme dendrograms reflected less and much less polymorphism, respectively. Comparison of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) dendrograms of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme cluster analyses using the Mantel test indicated a correlation of 0.96, 0.55, and 0.57 between AFLP and RAPD, AFLP and isozyme, and RAPD and isozyme, respectively. Polymorphic AFLPs are abundant in garlic and demonstrated genetic diversity among closely related clones which could not be differentiated with RAPD markers and isozymes. Therefore, AFLP is an additional tool for fingerprinting and detailed assessment of genetic relationships in garlic.
Effect of Dietary Fiber, Glucomannan, on Absorption of Sulfonylurea in Man (1983)

In order to clarify whether a dietary fiber has any effect upon the intestinal absorption of sulfonylurea, changes in plasma concentration of glibenclamide were determined during a six-hour period in nine healthy volunteers who took 2.5 mg of glibenclamide together with a breakfast and 3.9 g of glucomannan in a form of konjac powder and were compared with those of the control experiment in which the same amount of the hypoglycemic agent was given without the dietary fiber. In the control, mean plasma glibenclamide level increased rapidly, reaching a peak at 60 min and decreased gradually thereafter, whereas an increase in plasma glibenclamide level was blunted in the test experiment, thus plasma concentration of glibenclamide being lower at 30, 60, 90 and 150 min compared with the corresponding value of the control (31.7 +/- 24.5 ng/ml vs 76.4 +/- 25.0 ng/ml at 30 min; 51.3 +/- 35.5 ng/ml vs 120.9 +/- 56.0 ng/ml at 60 min; 60.0 +/- 38.8 ng/ml vs 117.4 +/- 53.1 ng/ml at 90 min; 54.0 +/- 31.5 ng/ml vs 100.7 +/- 46.5 ng/ml at 150 min). Mean plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower at 30 min in the test experiment than in the control despite the lower level of plasma glibenclamide in the former. The results suggest that glucomannan may influence the intestinal absorption of glibenclamide. A dietary fiber must be prescribed in due consideration of these facts.
Neural networks based algorithm for detecting high impedance faults on power distribution lines (2003)

This paper investigates a new technique for accurate high impedance fault detection on power distribution lines using artificial neural networks (ANN). The need for ANN techniques in such applications is described and the implementation for power distribution lines is described. The backpropagation learning algorithm is used for adjusting the weights in a multilayer neural network to minimize the prediction error with respect to the connection weights in the network. The paper shows the ability of the new protection scheme to identify high impedance faults for improved protection discrimination.
Hepatitis B virus infection of transplanted human hepatocytes causes a biochemical and histological hepatitis in immunocompetent rats (2003)

These data indicate that human hepatocytes transplanted into rats rendered tolerant to these cells, when infected by HBV, results in biochemical as well as histological evidence of hepatitis that accompanies viral gene expression, and DNA replication.
Addendum. Analytical Chemistry of Amygdalin (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddendum. Analytical Chemistry of AmygdalinThomas. Cairns, Jerry E. Froberg, Steve. Gonzales, William S. Langham, John J. Stamp, John K. Howie, and Donald T. SawyerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 6, 832Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50027a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (77 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effects of glycogen synthase kinase-3[beta] inhibition on the development of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice * (2007)

Objective: Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 is a ubiquitous serine-threonine protein kinase that participates in a multitude of cellular processes and signal transduction pathways. It also plays an important role in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases characterized by an enhanced or unregulated inflammatory response. Here we investigate the effects of GSK-3[beta] inhibition on the development of experimental acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein in mice. Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: University-based research laboratory. Subjects: One-hundred and sixty anesthetized male CD mice. Interventions: Pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (hourly ×5, 50 μg/kg). In the treatment group, the potent and selective GSK-3[beta] inhibitor 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8) was administered 1 hr and 6 hrs after the first injection of cerulein (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Sham groups were treated with vehicle (0.1 mL of 0.9% NaCl, intraperitoneally) and TDZD-8. In another set of experiments, mice were monitored for 24 days to determine their mortality rate.
Glucocorticoids increase salt appetite by promoting water and sodium excretion (2007)

Glucocorticoids [e.g., corticosterone and dexamethasone (Dex)], when administered systemically, greatly increase water drinking elicited by angiotensin and sodium ingestion in response to mineralocorticoids [e.g., aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)], possibly by acting in the brain. In addition, glucocorticoids exert powerful renal actions that could influence water and sodium ingestion by promoting their excretion. To test this, we determined water and sodium intakes, excretions, and balances during injections of Dex and DOCA and their coadministration (DOCA+Dex) at doses commonly employed to stimulate ingestion of water and sodium. In animals having only water to drink, Dex treatment greatly increased water and sodium excretion without affecting water intake, thereby producing negative water and sodium balances. Similar results were observed when Dex was administered together with DOCA. In animals having water and saline solution (0.3 M NaCl) to drink, Dex treatment increased water and sodium excretion, had minimal effects on water and sodium intakes, and was associated with negative water and sodium balances. DOCA treatment progressively increased sodium ingestion, and both water and sodium intakes exceeded their urinary excretion, resulting in positive water and sodium balances. The combination of DOCA+Dex stimulated rapid, large increases in sodium ingestion and positive sodium balances. However, water excretion outpaced total fluid intake, resulting in large, negative water balances. Plasma volume increased during DOCA treatment and did not change during treatment with Dex or DOCA+Dex. We conclude that increased urinary excretion, especially of water, during glucocorticoid treatment may explain the increased ingestion of water and sodium that occurs during coadministration with mineralocorticoids.
DATABASE SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (1993)

Cooperative problem solving can be viewed as a complex activity requiring harmonious and dynamic interaction between active agents and passive agents. This problem is currently being addressed by the research community at various levels of abstraction. Broadly, this paper analyzes the problem of cooperative problem solving from a database perspective and argues that recent advances in database technology facilitate development of a viable solution to the above problem. Specifically, in this paper, we first analyze the problem of cooperative problem solving to identify its underlying key characteristics. Based upon our analysis, we partition the problem space into classes along a spectrum and indicate the level of cooperation required. We propose near-term as well as long-term solutions for cooperative problem solving that progressively enhances the functionality of database systems by synthesizing appropriate abstractions and techniques. Furthermore, we identify problems, such as agent capability modeling that require further research to address the most general form of cooperative problem solving.
Functional Differences of Anti‐T‐Cell Antibody in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Ulcerative Colitis (1983)

The loss of suppressor T-cell function results in an abundant production of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As a cause of this suppressor T-cell defect, anti-T-cell antibody seems to be of prime importance. On the other hand, anti-T-cell antibodies can be detected in various other autoimmune diseases, but their functional characteristics have not been determined. In the present study, the functional characteristics of anti-T-cell antibody from a selected subgroup of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were compared with those from patients with SLE. Anti-T-cell antibody from the patients with SLE reacted with a T8 subset, resulting in a suppressor defect, whereas anti-T-cell antibody from the UC patients reacted primarily with a T4 subset. Functionally, SLE- T cells failed to proliferate in response to concanavalin A, whereas UC- T cells from UC patients failed to proliferate in response to phytohaemagglutinin. In the Ig synthesis system, both SLE- and UC- T cells increased Ig production of B cells. Since UC+ T cells did not contribute to the generation of Con-A-inducible suppressor activity, we believe that serum from the selected subgroup of patients with UC reacted with the inducer T-cell subset.
In vitro and in vivo antichlamydial activities of newly developed quinolone antimicrobial agents (1993)

The in vitro and in vivo activities of three newly developed quinolone antimicrobial agents (sparfloxacin, tosufloxacin, and OPC-17116) were investigated. All three agents showed potent in vitro activities against Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis, and C. pneumoniae with MICs that ranged from 0.031 to 0.125 micrograms/ml. These values were higher than those of minocycline (0.0075 to 0.015 micrograms/ml) but lower than those of erythromycin (0.25 to 0.5 micrograms/ml) and ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (0.5 to 1.0 micrograms/ml). Mice were challenged with 10(5) inclusion-forming units of C. psittaci each by nasal instillation. All untreated control animals died within 7 days. The survival rates of mice treated with 40 mg of sparfloxacin, OPC-17116, or tosufloxacin per kg of body weight every 12 h for 7 days were 73, 73, and 60%, respectively, 7 days after the challenge. The survival rate of mice treated with ofloxacin at the same dosage was 53%. On the basis of the above results, we concluded that these three new quinolones might be useful in the treatment of chlamydial respiratory infections.
Micelles in Analytical Chemistry (1990)

Abstract Molecules which possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures may associate in aqueous media to form dynamic aggregates commonly called micelles. Interest in these aggregates commonly called micelles. Interest in these aggregates has grown over the years from the original work of Hartley,1 which describes what is still accepted as a functional model of the geometry of micelles. Fortunately, our understanding of the geometry as well as other features of micelles has increased markedly over the intervening years as evidence by the abundance of reviews concerning micelles just since 1980 (over 350 reviews as searched via online CAS). While mose of these papers deal with micelle structure, catalysis, or dynamics, this report continues a tradition of reviews concerning the utility of micelles in analytical chemistry.
Essential fatty acids and the skin (1991)

The realisation that essential fatty acids are of crucial importance for the maintenance of a healthy skin coincided with their discovery. Burr and Burr (1) first described the symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency thus: “An abnormal, scaly condition of the skin is observed between the 70th and 90th day of life. Later the tip of the tail may become inflamed and swollen, and the whole tail soon is heavily scaled and ridged . . . . . . The hair on the back of the body becomes filled with dandruff. . . . . . Sores often appear on the skin. The skin of the face especially seems to become sore at times and the irritation causes the animal to rub the face continually with his fore feet.” deficiency in the adult human (3, 4) made EFA deficiency seem a practical irrelevance. As a consequence, sources of EFA’s were not included in the early parenteral feeding preparations, and the early days of parenteral feeding produced a series of case reports illustrating the development of EFA deficiency in human adults (5-10). These case reports provide a graphic illustration of the clinical signs of EFA deficiency.
Evidence that coronavirus superspreading is fat-tailed (2020)

Superspreaders, infected individuals who result in an outsized number of secondary cases, are believed to underlie a significant fraction of total SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we combine empirical observations of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and extreme value statistics to show that the distribution of secondary cases is consistent with being fat-tailed, implying that large superspreading events are extremal, yet probable, occurrences. We integrate these results with interaction-based network models of disease transmission and show that superspreading, when it is fat-tailed, leads to pronounced transmission by increasing dispersion. Our findings indicate that large superspreading events should be the targets of interventions that minimize tail exposure.
Integrated Air/Ground Vehicle System for Semi-Autonomous Off-Road Navigation (2018)

Current unmanned vehicle systems enable exploration of and travel through remote areas, but demand significant communications resources and constant human operation. DARPA and the US Army have recognized these limitations and are now pursuing semi-autonomous vehicle systems in the Future Combat Systems (FCS) program. FCS places high demands on robotic systems, which must assess mobility hazards under all weather conditions, day and night, in the presence of smoke and other airborne obscurants, and with the possibility of communications dropouts. Perhaps the most challenging mobility hazard is the "negative obstacle", such as a hole or ditch. These hazards are difficult to see from the ground, limiting maximum vehicle speed. From the air, however, these obstacles are often far easier to detect. In this context, we present a novel semi-autonomous unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) that includes a dedicated unmanned air vehicle - a "Flying Eye" (FE) - that flies ahead of the UGV to detect holes and other hazards before the onboard UGV sensors would otherwise be able detect them. This concept is shown in Figure 1. The FE can be considered a longer-range “scout” to explore terrain before the UGV must traverse it, allowing the UGV to avoid certain areas entirely because of hazards or cul-de-sacs detected by the FE. The UGV itself carries its own extensive sensor suite to address the broad range of operating conditions at slower speeds and to confirm the hazards seen from the air. In the fully developed system, the UGV will deploy the FE from a landing bay on the back of the UGV. For covert operations, the FE will return to its landing bay on the back of the UGV. This paper presents the current prototype system as well as initial field experiments on the performance of the system.
Improved Purification and Further Characterization of an Isomaltodextranase from<i>Arthrobacter globiformis</i>T6 (1988)

A highly purified isomalto-dextranase (EC 3.2.1.94) was simply separated from the cell-free culture broth of Arthrobacter globiformis T6 by CM-cellulose column chromatography and characterized further. The purified enzyme was essentially homogeneous on PAGE and SDS-PAGE as well as isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was an acidic protein with pI 5.15. at 280 nm was 24.6. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 69,000 by SDS-PAGE. No carbohydrate moiety seemed to be associated with the enzyme protein. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme was pH 5.3 and 65°C, respectively. The enzyme was completely stable over the range of pH 3.0 ~ 8.0 at 4°C for 24 hr, and retained about 90% of its original activity after heating at 60°C for 10 min. Inactivation of the enzyme was found to be partial with 5mm Ag +, and complete with 5mm Hg2+, Fe3+, KMnO4, and NBS. The enzyme split dextran, retaining the α-configuration of the anomeric carbon atoms in the hydrolysis products. The Km value of the enzyme for dextran was 0.038%. Isomaltitol was a potent competitive inhibitor (Ki= 0.79 mm).