gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-brightness slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers (2007)

We have been developing a high power, high brightness semiconductor diode laser concept, the Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide Laser (SCOWL). This laser concept is based upon slab coupling, in which a large, multimode waveguide is converted to a large, single mode waveguide by means of slab coupling of the higher order waveguide modes. SCOWL devices feature large, nearly circular mode sizes (≈4 x 4 &mgr;m and larger) and low modal loss, leading to low gain per unit length, allowing for the construction of long (≈1 cm cavity length) devices. These characteristics allow for high single mode output power. For 980-nm AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs-based SCOWL devices, we have demonstrated > 1 W CW output power in a single spatial mode, with brightness levels of > 100 MW/cm<sup>2</sup>-str. We have constructed high power arrays of SCOWL devices with bar widths of 1 cm and cavity lengths of 3 mm, and have demonstrated > 90 W under CW operation. By using the technique of wavelength beam combining (WBC), which is analogous to wavelength division multiplexing in optical communications, we have been able to combine the outputs from the elements of a SCOWL array to obtain 50 W peak power (30 W CW) with nearly diffraction-limited beam quality. These SCOWL arrays combined by WBC have demonstrated record single bar brightness levels, 3.6 GW/cm<sup>2</sup>- str. The WBC SCOWL approach is inherently scalable, and offers a route to obtaining kW-class, nearly diffraction limited output from an all-diode laser source. We have also recently extended single SCOWL devices to the multi-Watt regime, demonstrating 2.8 W CW output power from a 980-nm SCOWL with a novel design.
Identification of the erythrocyte binding domains of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion. (1994)

Plasmodium vivax and the related monkey malaria, P. knowlesi, require interaction with the Duffy blood group antigen, a receptor for a family of chemokines that includes interleukin 8, to invade human erythrocytes. One P. vivax and three P. knowlesi proteins that serve as erythrocyte binding ligands in such interactions share sequence homology. Expression of different regions of the P. vivax protein in COS7 cells identified a cysteine-rich domain that bound Duffy blood group-positive but not Duffy blood group-negative human erythrocytes. The homologous domain of the P. knowlesi proteins also bound erythrocytes, but had different specificities. The P. vivax and P. knowlesi binding domains lie in one of two regions of homology with the P. falciparum sialic acid binding protein, another erythrocyte binding ligand, indicating conservation of the domain for erythrocyte binding in evolutionarily distant malaria species. The binding domains of these malaria ligands represent potential vaccine candidates and targets for receptor-blockade therapy.
Simulation of Coherent Smith-Purcell Radiation (2005)

Summary form only given. Incoherent Smith-Purcell (SP) radiation was discovered in the 50's. It arises when an electron beam passes above a conducting grating of period L. For a given beam velocity (v=betac), this emission occurs at all angles with a wavelength given by the following diffraction formula lambda=L/n(1/beta-cos thetas). Today, there is a revival of interest in studying table-top SP sources, particularly in the THz domain where medical applications are emerging. Such a source should have a reasonable level of power which requires a coherent process of SP emission. We have studied numerically a SP configuration by using the particle-in-cell code MAGIC in a 2D-cartesian geometry. Our simulations, which are performed in the GHz regime, show strong electron beam bunching associated with highly directional coherent SP emission. This is due to the excitation of an electromagnetic wave in the grating region which is evanescent in the direction perpendicular to the beam and which propagates forward but has negative group velocity. The frequency of this wave cannot match any wavelength given by the above relation; its role is to strongly bunch the beam. The resulting modulated current contains many harmonics of this evanescent mode of the grating and these can satisfy the SP relationship for particular angles. Furthermore, we observe that the SP gain is proportional to the cube root of the beam current, in agreement with previous theoretical studies by Brau and co-workers
SPACE LAYOUT IN OCCUPANT BEHAVIOR SIMULATION (2011)

Occupant behavior is widely regarded as one of the most significant sources of uncertainty in the predic-tion of building energy use. Preexisting simulation methods address this issue by automatically reproduc-ing patterns of behavior found in historical occupant schedules. We extend these methods to incorporate spatial information. In our work, space layout influ-ences the selection of individuals who participate in an activity, and the location where the activity occurs. Participants and locations are randomly selected based on probabilities derived from cost functions. One of these cost functions encourages participation between occupants of nearby workstations. Another discour-ages overcrowding. We apply the method to an exist-ing office building to study how effectively an occu-pant model can be customized, and how accurately it can predict space utilization.
High density associated enzymes: their role in vascular biology (1998)

Enzymes associated with circulating HDL include lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase, phospholipid transfer protein, cholesterol ester transfer protein, paraoxonase 1 and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase. Together with lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase these enzymes produce important lipoprotein remodeling and modulate their structure and function and therefore their role in artery wall metabolism.
On the use of compressed sampling algorithms for impairments compensation in dynamic nonlinear transmitters (2015)

Since its introduction, compressed sampling (CS) has found use in various applications ranging from image restoration, radar and sensing to channel and system identification. Recently in the radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) design and linearization communities, there have been many attempts to utilize the CS technique to enable the development of efficient wireless transmitters. This paper provides a brief review of the use of CS in PA and transmitter linearization. Mainly two approaches are discussed: the use of CS to recover amplitude-distorted signals, and the use of CS to reduce the complexity of the digital predistorters. Experimental results obtained using an envelope tracking (ET) PA prototype show the potential and value of the CS technique in developing efficient predistorters at a low computational cost.
Relationship between Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion and ion conduction for single-crystal and powder garnet-type electrolytes studied by <sup>7</sup>Li PGSE NMR spectroscopy (2019)

Ion-conducting garnets are important candidates for use in all-solid Li batteries and numerous materials have been synthesized with high ionic conductivities. For understanding ion conduction mechanisms, knowledge on Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion behaviour is essential. The proposed nano-scale lithium pathways are composed of tortuous and narrow Li<sup>+</sup> channels. The pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR method provides time-dependent <sup>7</sup>Li diffusion on the micrometre space. For powder samples, collision-diffraction echo-attenuation plots were observed in a short observation time, which had not been fully explained. The diffraction patterns were reduced or disappeared for single-crystal garnet samples of Li<sub>6.5</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>Ta<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZO-Ta) and Li<sub>6.5</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZO-Nb). The inner morphology and grain boundaries affect importantly the collision-diffraction behaviours which is inherent to powder samples. The <sup>7</sup>Li diffusion observed by PGSE-NMR depends on the observation time (Δ) and the pulsed field gradient (PFG) strength (g) in both powder and single-crystal samples, and the anomalous effects were reduced in the single-crystal samples. The scattered Li diffusion constants converged to a unique value (D<sub>Li</sub>) with a long Δ and a large g, which is eventually the smallest value. The D<sub>Li</sub> activation energy was close to that of the ionic conductivity (σ). The D<sub>Li</sub> values are plotted versus the σ values measured for four powder and two single-crystal garnet samples. Assuming the Nernst-Einstein (NE) relation which was derived for isolated ions in solution, the carrier numbers (N<sub>NE</sub>) were estimated from the experimental values of D<sub>Li</sub> and σ. The N<sub>NE</sub> values of metal-containing garnets were large (<10<sup>23</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>) and insensitive to temperature. They were larger than Li atomic numbers in cm<sup>3</sup> calculated from the density, molecular formula and Avogadro number for LLZOs except for cubic LLZO (Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, N<sub>NE</sub>∼ 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>).
Re-evaluation of formulae for X-ray stress analysis in polycrystalline specimens with fibre texture (2009)

The stress–strain relation presented by Tanaka, Akiniwa, Ito & Inoue [ Jpn Soc. Mech. Eng. Int. J. Ser. A , (1999), 42 , 224–234] for X-ray stress analysis for polycrystalline specimens with fibre texture is re-examined. By introducing the symmetry of reciprocal lattices for constituent crystallites, the physical meaning of taking an average of the strains observed by X-ray diffraction and the validity of the approximation used are made clear. By applying the present treatment to a cubic specimen in the m{\overline 3}m point group, hkl Bragg reflections with h ≠ k ≠ l split into doublets owing to the existence of crystallites with two different orientations. The formulae derived for cubic polycrystalline specimens with 〈111〉 fibre texture in the biaxial state in the Reuss model are in good agreement with those given previously. This technique is applicable to polycrystalline specimens of any symmetry with fibre texture.
Crosstalk reduction in optical switching (1975)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. A. Soref and L. R. Schissler, "Crosstalk reduction in optical switching," Appl. Opt. 14, 2559-2560 (1975) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Piezoelectric transformer using inter-digital internal electrodes (2002)

A piezoelectric transformer with longitudinal vibration mode in both input and output part using inter-digital internal electrodes is proposed, Equivalent circuit analysis was carried out to obtain typical electric characteristics at first. Then in experiment, output power 20 W, power density 12 W/cc and efficiency 91% were obtained.
High-sensitivity detection of TNT (2006)

We report high-sensitivity detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by using laser photoacoustic spectroscopy where the laser radiation is obtained from a continuous-wave room temperature high-power quantum cascade laser in an external grating cavity geometry. The external grating cavity quantum cascade laser is continuously tunable over ≈400 nm around 7.3 μm and produces a maximum continuous-wave power of ≈200 mW. The IR spectroscopic signature of TNT is sufficiently different from that of nitroglycerine so that unambiguous detection of TNT without false positives from traces of nitroglycerine is possible. We also report the results of spectroscopy of acetylene in the 7.3-μm region to demonstrate continuous tunability of the IR source.
Single-chip 4 TX &#x002B; 4 RX optical module based on holey SiGe transceiver IC (2013)

Optical 4 + 4 transceivers based on holey Optochip design using IBM BiCMOS8HP technology have been successfully assembled and characterized. The transceiver Optochip consists of an 8-channel single chip SiGe IC, containing all of the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) amplification circuitry, with flip-chip attached 4-channel VCSEL and photodiode arrays. Optical access to the conventional topside emitting 850-nm optoelectronic arrays is achieved through optical vias (holes) integrated into the transceiver IC. A laser ablation process was used to fabricate the 8 optical vias in individual SiGe ICs. For the Optochip assembly, the 2 optoelectronic arrays are sequentially flip-chip soldered to the IC using AuSn solder. The Optochips were subsequently flip-chip soldered to 8 mm × 8 mm high-speed high-density organic carriers forming the complete transceiver module. Electrical I/O is provided through BGA pads on 0.8mm pitch at the bottom of the module while optical access is provided through the 8 optical vias through the backside of the IC. The fully assembled transceiver modules are soldered to a test card for high speed evaluation. The Nelco 4000 test card contains a BGA site in the center for attachment of the optical transceiver module and differential high-speed transmission lines routed from high-speed electrical connectors to the module TX inputs and RX outputs. The optical inputs/outputs to the Optochip are coupled to MMF probes through the optical vias. Eye-diagrams were measured for TX outputs as well as TX-to-RX links at data rates 20 Gb/s to 38 Gb/s. Measurements on all 8 optical links between 2 transceiver modules showed all operate error free (BER <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ) up to 36 Gb/s. This record per channel data rate for a parallel optical transceiver is achieved using feed forward equalization (FFE) circuitry incorporated in the SiGe IC. At 36 Gb/s, the transceiver module achieves a bidirectional aggregate bandwidth of 144 Gb/s with power efficiency of 20 pJ/bit for each TX-RX link.
Abstract 2664: PQR309: Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel, selective, dual pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (2015)

Abstract Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling is key to the control of many physiological and pathophysiological processes, and promotes cancer and inflammatory disease. Therefore, targeting of PI3K and/or mTOR pathways is currently explored in numerous clinical studies. PQR309 is a novel, brain penetrant, potent and selective pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with PK properties suitable for once a day oral dosing in humans. Structure activity relationship studies for PI3K and mTOR interactions are presented, including X-Ray analysis of PI3Kgamma co-crystal structures, modeling of PI3Kalpha and mTOR structures, and chemical derivatization. This led to the identification of PQR309 as a potent pan-PI3K and moderate mTOR inhibitor. PQR309 displays excellent selectivity versus PI3K-related lipid kinases (PIKKs) and protein kinases (KINOMEscan), as well as excellent selectivity versus unrelated targets (Cerep expresSProfile). PQR309 features excellent cell permeability, and was characterized as a BCS class II compound due to its limited water solubility (40 μM). Moreover, PQR309 is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp). In A2058 melanoma cells PQR309 demonstrated inhibition of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt; pS473) and ribosomal protein S6 (S6, pSer235/236) phosphorylation with IC50 values of 0.13 μM and 0.58 μM, respectively. In IGF-stimulated MCF7 breast cancer cells, PQR309 at 1 μM inhibited phosphorylation of downstream substrates of PI3K including PKB/Akt, S6, p70S6 kinase, GSK3 and Bad by 60-95%. PQR309 inhibited proliferation of all 58 cell lines of the NCI60 panel (GI50 from 50 to 3300 nM), of the NTRC Oncoline panel (44 cell lines, GI50 from 100-6700 nM) and of a lymphoma cell line panel (40 lymphoma cell lines, GI50 from 25-1740 nM). A concise 4-step synthetic process utilizing a novel protective group strategy provides a robust and scalable supply of PQR309 for clinical trials. In summary, PQR309 is a novel, potent, dual pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with a balanced PI3K vs. mTOR profile, and displays excellent physico-chemical and pharmacological properties. The safety profile of PQR309 is currently addressed in Phase I clinical studies. Citation Format: Vladimir Cmiljanovic, Natasa Cmiljanovic, Romina Marone, Florent Beaufils, Xuxiao Zhang, Marketa Zvelebil, Paul Hebeisen, Marc Lang, Juergen Mestan, Anna Melone, Thomas Bohnacker, Eugenio Gaudio, Chiara Tarantelli, Francesco Bertoni, Reto Ritschard, Vincent Pretre, Andreas Wicki, Doriano Fabbro, Petra Hillmann, Roger Williams, Bernd Giese, Matthias P. Wymann. PQR309: Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel, selective, dual pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2664. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2664
Detecting ddos attacks in stub domains (2006)

DoS attacks have least impact when mitigated close to the attacks' source. This is more important for Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks since they are difficult to road Hudson, NH zipmitigate at the victim without affecting service to legitimate flows. This is a challenging task since DDoS attack traffic may have relatively low flow rates and attack packets are indistinguishable from legitimate packets. Current source-end detection schemes such as MULTOPS and D-WARD are centralized and hence, are not easily deployable in multi-gateway stub networks with asymmetric traffic. We present a scalable, distributed DDoS detection system that can be deployed in single- as well as multi-homed stub networks to detect DDoS attacks using TCP packets. The detection system can detect attacks with very low flow rates and in multi-gateway networks, even with significant asymmetric TCP flows. We evaluate the performance of our detection system using extensive packet level simulations under different attack scenarios. Our results show that with relatively less node state and processing, in networks with symmetric flows, our system can accurately detect attack flows that are one-third the intensity of an average flow in the network. In the case of multi-gateway networks, the detection system can detect all attacks for all rates of asymmetry when the attack rate is at least five times the average flow rate in the network. We extend the system to detect attacks aimed at multiple hosts in a subnet instead of a single host. Subnet attacks seem more diffused for detection schemes designed to detect host attacks. Hence, it is harder for these schemes to detect these attacks. Our subnet attack detection scheme can detect attacks that target hosts in large subnets (/21) and in the presence of non-attack traffic to other hosts in the subnet. Our packet level simulations show that, in single gateway networks, our scheme can detect attacks with an aggregate flow intensity equal to an average flow in the network in less than a minute. Using these simulations, we also show that our scheme detects attacks in networks with up to four gateways and when up to 50\% of the flows are asymmetric.
Syntheses of Spiro(oxazolidinediones): Spiro[1H-isoindole-1,5'-oxazolidine]-2',3(2H),4'-triones and Spiro[1,2-benzisothiazole-3(2H),5'-oxazolidine]-2',4'-dione 1,1-Dioxides (1994)

AbstracbMembers of two novel families of spiro(oxazolidinediones) have been prepared.Spim[lH-isoindole-1.5'-oxazolidinel-2'. 3(211),4'-triones ( 4 ) were synthesized from the corresponding I-hydroxy-I-carboxyethylisoindol-3-one (7) or (10) or their primary amide derivatives (14).In tum 7 and 10 were prepared from 2-bmmobenzoic acid amides ( 6) and ( 9). or fmm N-alkylated isoquinolin-I, 3. 4(W)-hiones (12)., 5'oxazolidinel-2'.4-dione 1.1-dioxides (5) were constructed from the appropriate 2.3-dihydro-3hydroxy-I,2-bendsathiazole-3-carboxamide 1.1-dioxide (17).The immediate precursors 10 14. ethyl esters ( 16) and ( 19). were prepared from benzenesulfonamide (15).or from 2bmmobenzenesulfonamide (IS).Several members from two novel families of heterocyclic spirosuccinimides have recently been shown to possess antidiabetic activity.For instance, compounds (1) and (3) (the succinimide moiety spirofused to isoindolone or to benzisothiazole-l,l-dioxide rings, respectively) lowered plasma glucose levels in animal models of type 2 diabetes (insulin resistant mice).'Members of the former class, for example 2, also possessed aldose reductase inhibitor activity and therefore have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of diabetic complications.'In an effort to improve upon these biological properties we wished to replace the succinimide moiety of 1-3 with other 5-membered cyclic imide-containing ring systems.This structural change had previously been explored in the area of aldose reductase inhibitors.For example, the hydantoin, succinimide, thiazolidine-2.4-dioneand oxazolidine-2,4-dione ring systems could be interchanged without drastic alterations in the degree of inhibitor activity.'One modification we considered was the replacement of the succinimide ring by an oxazolidine-2.4-dionering.The targets, shown by generic structures (4) and (S), were novel heterocyclic ring systems and therefore new procedures had to be developed to accomplish their synthesis.Herein, we report the syntheses of several members of these two classes of compounds.Syntheses of Spiro[lH-isoindole-l,5'-oxazolidine]-2',32H),4'-trion (4).We required synthesis procedures versatile enough to provide analogs of 4 or 5 such that the R group could be an alkyl, aryl or aralkyl unit.We were especially interested in obtaining compounds in which the R group was ap-halogenated benzyl moiety.We felt that the oxazolidindione ring of 4 could be constructed from an appropriate l-hydroxy-l-carboxyisoindol-3-one derivative, such as 7 (Scheme I), so this became our initial target.In this regard, reaction
A multidisciplinary design and optimization methodology for the Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM) (2006)

Dynamic optical systems that include active and adaptive optical elements allow the pursuit of scientific investigations, military applications, and medical diagnostics that are well beyond the theoretical capabilities of a purely static optical design. However, the design of such systems is particularly challenging because of the large number of design variables, multiple operating configurations, and the need to coordinate different simulation tools (e.g. optical ray tracing, finite element analysis, dynamic simulations, etc.) during the design and optimization process. This paper presents a design methodology to facilitate the design and optimization of our novel Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM), which includes a fast steering mirror (FSM), a custom designed scanner lens, and a MEMS deformable mirror (DM) to effectively enlarge the field of view in optical microscopy. An "all at once" formulation of the optimization problem using a traditional construction of the merit function proved inadequate. Instead, our approach first partitions the design problem into manageable sub-problems and uses the Collaborative Optimization (CO) framework to coordinate the system wide optimization of the sub-problems while maintaining a physically consistent solution between the simulation codes. Next, we demonstrate the efficacy of the approach by presenting two ASOM designs that were generated using this methodology. The first design is based on high fidelity simulations and the second lower cost version has been constructed and tested in our laboratory using a 32 actuator deformable mirror. We conclude by summarizing our experiences and discussing how the approach could be generalized to other optical system design challenges.