gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planning for Robust Airline Operations: Optimizing Aircraft Routings and Flight Departure Times to Minimize Passenger Disruptions (2006)

Airlines typically construct their schedules assuming that every flight leg will depart and arrive as planned. Because this optimistic scenario rarely occurs, these plans are frequently disrupted and airlines often incur significant costs in addition to those originally planned. Flight delays and schedule disruptions also cause passenger delays and disruptions. A more robust plan can reduce the occurrence and impact of these delays, thereby reducing costs. In this paper, we present two new approaches to minimize passenger disruptions and achieve robust airline schedule plans. The first approach involves routing aircraft, and the second involves retiming flight departure times. Because each airplane usually flies a sequence of flight legs, delay of one flight leg might propagate along the aircraft route to downstream flight legs and cause further delays and disruptions. We propose a new approach to reduce delay propagation by intelligently routing aircraft. We formulate this problem as a mixed-integer programming problem with stochastically generated inputs. An algorithmic solution approach is presented. Computational results obtained using data from a major U.S. airline show that our approach can reduce delay propagation significantly, thus improving on-time performance and reducing the numbers of passengers disrupted. Our second area of research considers passengers who miss their flight legs due to insufficient connection time. We develop a new approach to minimize the number of passenger misconnections by retiming the departure times of flight legs within a small time window. We formulate the problem and an algorithmic solution approach is presented. Computational results obtained using data from a major U.S. airline show that this approach can substantially reduce the number of passenger misconnections without significantly increasing operational costs.
Studying the Effects of Predatory Presence and Enrichment on Cryptoprocta ferox Behavior (2020)

The Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens houses two fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox), a male and a female. C. ferox is an endangered species of Malagasy mongoose from the island of Madagascar. In October of 2018, an amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) was moved across from the male and female C. ferox. This study was used to identify if the presence of P. p. orientalis would affect the stereotypic pacing behavior of the female C. ferox. Staff were also curious about the impact of daily-renewed enrichment on the frequency of pacing in the female. Our analysis showed the P. p. orientalis did not have a significant impact on pacing or behavior in the female C. ferox. The exchange of enrichment every day did not result in a significant difference in the frequency of pacing. Several solutions were presented to the staff to relieve the amount of pacing and to ensure successful breeding.
Enhanced cellular uptake of nanoparticles by increasing the hydrophobicity of poly(lactic acid) through copolymerization with cell-membrane-lipid components (2015)

The influence of hydrophobicity on the internalization of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) remains poorly investigated. The hydrophobicity of poly(L-lactide) was increased by copolymerization with cell-membrane-lipid components, and this significantly enhanced the uptake of NPs up to 60% in the human cervical cancer cell line in comparison to unmodified poly(L-lactide) NPs.
The Electronic Passport and the Future of Government-Issued RFID-Based Identification (2007)

Passports and other identification documents may be enhanced using recent advancements in technology. Various national and international bodies are pursuing machine-readable approaches with biometric information. In particular, the international civil aviation organization (ICAO) has adopted standards whereby passports can store biometric identifiers. Countries that participate in the visa waiver program (VWP) began issuing electronic passports in 2006. However, the selection of technologies remains questionable due to privacy and security concerns. This paper examines policy regarding these electronic approaches and developments toward electronic data storage and transmission. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices for electronic passports and other existing identity documents are discussed.
Preferential expression of novel MUC1 tumor antigen isoforms in human epithelial tumors and their tumor-potentiating function (1997)

The human MUC1 gene expresses at least 2 type 1 membrane proteins: MUC1/REP, a polymorphic high m.w. MUC1 glycoprotein often highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and containing a variable number of tandem 20 amino acid repeat units, and the MUC1/Y protein, which lacks this repeat array and, therefore, is not polymorphic. Despite their documented importance in signal transduction processes, the relative expression of the 2 isoforms in epithelial tumors is unknown. Using antibody reagents which recognize different MUC1 domains, the expression of these isoforms in malignant epithelial cells has been evaluated. A comparison of the amounts of the 2 isoforms revealed preferential expression of the novel MUC1/Y protein in breast cancer tissue samples. Furthermore, although the MUC1/REP protein is almost undetectable in HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma epithelial cells, the MUC1/Y isoform is extensively expressed in these cells. The presence of the MUC1/Y sequence as well as that of an additional tandem-repeat-array-lacking isoform, designated MUC1/X, were demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR amplification of RNA extracted from HeLa and ovarian carcinoma cells. It has been shown previously that the MUC1 cytoplasmic domain interacts with the SH2 domain containing GRB2 protein, which transduces signals to ras, a protein which in its activated form can lead to cell transformation. We present here data demonstrating that MUC1/Y isoform expression increases the tumorigenic potential of DA3 mouse mammary epithelial cells; in contrast, potentiation of tumorigenicity is not observed with MUC1/REP expression. Our studies thus demonstrate that expression of the MUC1 gene in epithelial tumors can give rise to substantial levels of MUC1 proteins devoid of the tandem repeat array, which are generated by alternative splicing mechanisms.
Shed More Light on Bloom Filter's Variants (2019)

Bloom Filter is a probabilistic membership data structure and it is excessively used data structure for membership query. Bloom Filter becomes the predominant data structure in approximate membership filtering. Bloom Filter extremely enhances the query response time, and the response time is very fast. Bloom filter (BF) is used to detect whether an element belongs to a given set or not. The Bloom Filter returns True Positive (TP), False Positive (FP), or True Negative (TN). The Bloom Filter is widely adapted in numerous areas to enhance the performance of a system. In this paper, we present a) in-depth insight on the Bloom Filter,and b) the prominent variants of the Bloom Filters.
Methylothermus thermalis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel moderately thermophilic obligate methanotroph from a hot spring in Japan (2005)

A novel moderately thermophilic methanotroph, strain MYHT(T), was isolated from a hot spring in Japan. The isolate grew on methane or methanol at 37-67 degrees C, and optimally at 57-59 degrees C. It was found to be a Gram-negative aerobe, with colourless colonies of non-motile coccoid cells, possessing type I intracytoplasmic membranes and regularly arranged surface layers of linear (p2) symmetry. Strain MYHT(T) expressed only the particulate methane monooxygenase and employed the ribulose monophosphate pathway for formaldehyde assimilation. It is a neutrophilic and halotolerant organism capable of growth at pH 6.5-7.5 (optimum pH 6.8) and in up to 3% NaCl (optimum 0.5-1% NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain MYHT(T) is most closely related to the thermophilic undescribed methanotroph 'Methylothermus' HB (91% identity) and the novel halophilic methanotroph Methylohalobius crimeensis 10Ki(T) (90% identity). Comparative sequence analysis of particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA) genes also confirmed the clustering of strain MYHT(T) with 'Methylothermus' HB and Methylohalobius crimeensis 10Ki(T) (98 and 92% derived amino acid sequence identity, respectively). The DNA G+C content was 62.5 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C(16:0) (37.2%) and C(18:1)omega9c (35.2%) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major ubiquinone was Q-8. On the basis of comparative phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, a new genus and species, Methylothermus thermalis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed, with MYHT(T) as the type strain (=VKM B-2345(T)=IPOD FERM P-19714(T)).
Multimedia proxy caching mechanism for quality adaptive streaming applications in the Internet (2002)

The Internet has witnessed a rapid growth in deployment of Web-based streaming applications during recent years. In these applications, the server should be able to perform end-to-end congestion control and quality adaptation to match the delivered stream quality to the average available bandwidth. Thus the delivered quality is limited by the bottleneck bandwidth on the path to the client. This paper proposes a proxy caching mechanism for layered-encoded multimedia streams in the Internet to maximize the delivered quality of popular streams to interested clients. The main challenge is to replay a quality-variable cached stream while performing quality adaptation effectively in response to the variations in available bandwidth. We present a prefetching mechanism to support higher quality cached streams during subsequent playbacks and improve the quality of the cached stream with its popularity. We exploit inherent properties of multimedia streams to extend the semantics of popularity and capture both level of interest among clients and usefulness of a layer in the cache. We devise a fine-grain replacement algorithm suited for layered-encoded streams. Our simulation results show that the interaction between the replacement algorithm and prefetching mechanism causes the state of the cache to converge to an efficient state such that the quality of a cached stream is proportional to its popularity, and the variations in quality of a cached stream are inversely proportional to its popularity. This implies that after serving several requests for a stream, the proxy can effectively hide low bandwidth paths to the original server from interested clients.
Continuity and change in House elections (2001)

1. An introduction to continuity and change in congressional elections David W. Brady, John Cogan and Morris P. Fiorina 2. Reversal of fortune: the transformation of US house elections in the 1990s Gary C. Jacobson 3. Partisan changes in the Southern congressional delegation and the consequences Charles S. Bullock III 4. Money and office: the sources of the incumbency advantage in Congressional Campaign finance Stephen Ansolabhere and James Snyder 5. The electoral impact of majority-minority districts David Epstein and Sharyn O'Halloran 6. Public disapproval of Congress can be dangerous to majority party candidates: the uniqueness of 1994 John R. Hibbing and Eric Tiritilli 7. The nationalization of electoral forces revisited David Brady, Robert D'Onofrio and Morris Fiorina 8. Representation of constituency ideology in Congress Robert S. Erikson and Gerald C. Wright 9. Out of step, out of office: legislative voting behavior and House Election outcomes David W. Brady, Brandice J. Canes and John F. Cogan 10. Causes and consequences of issue emphasis by house challengers in the 1994 elections Richard Hess and David Leal 11. The electoral connection between party and constituency reconsidered: evidence from the US House of Representatives, 1972-94 Melissa P. Collie and John L. Mason.
Synthesizing emotions in speech: is it time to get excited? (2002)

Modern speech synthesis systems with very high intelligibility are readily available in a number of languages. However, the output from all present systems is still readily identifiable as being machine generated-the output does not sound "natural". One aspect of naturalness is the variability introduced by the emotional state of the speaker, and related pragmatic effects; no current commercial systems include such variation. Comparatively little work has been done to investigate how a speaker's emotional state creates variation in the speech signal, and this work has traditionally been performed by psychologists and has remained distinct from mainstream speech science. Current research suggests that there will be considerable effort involved in producing any accurate description of pragmatic variations in speech, but there has recently been increasing interest in this area due to potential applications in many branches of speech technology. The paper describes a prototype system which has been constructed to simulate emotion in speech synthesized by rule. The system is based on emotion information from the literature, and it simulates a range of emotions using a commercial synthesiser. The use of emotion models and their applicability in the area of speech technology is discussed. The limitations of our current knowledge in the area of vocal emotion are discussed, and suggestions are presented for future research in this area.
Mutations Conferring Resistance to SCH6, a Novel Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor (2005)

Drug resistance is a major issue in the development and use of specific antiviral therapies. Here we report the isolation and characterization of hepatitis C virus RNA replicons resistant to a novel ketoamide inhibitor of the NS3/4A protease, SCH6 (originally SCH446211). Resistant replicon RNAs were generated by G418 selection in the presence of SCH6 in a dose-dependent fashion, with the emergence of resistance reduced at higher SCH6 concentrations. Sequencing demonstrated remarkable consistency in the mutations conferring SCH6 resistance in genotype 1b replicons derived from two different strains of hepatitis C virus, A156T/A156V and R109K. R109K, a novel mutation not reported previously to cause resistance to NS3/4A inhibitors, conferred moderate resistance only to SCH6. Structural analysis indicated that this reflects unique interactions of SCH6 with P'-side residues in the protease active site. In contrast, A156T conferred high level resistance to SCH6 and a related ketoamide, SCH503034, as well as BILN 2061 and VX-950. Unlike R109K, which had minimal impact on NS3/4A enzymatic function, A156T significantly reduced NS3/4A catalytic efficiency, polyprotein processing, and replicon fitness. However, three separate second-site mutations, P89L, Q86R, and G162R, were capable of partially reversing A156T-associated defects in polyprotein processing and/or replicon fitness, without significantly reducing resistance to the protease inhibitor.
Li(Ni,Co,Al)O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Delithiation: A Combination of Topological Analysis, Density Functional Theory, Neutron Diffraction, and Machine Learning Techniques (2017)

Here we have combined topological analysis, density functional theory (DFT) modeling, operando neutron diffraction, and machine learning algorithms within the comparative analysis of the known widely LiNiO2 (LNO) and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode materials. Full configurational spaces of the mentioned materials during delithiation were set using the topological approach starting from the 2 × 2 × 1 supercell (12 formula units in total) of the LNO structure (space group R3̅m). Several types of the DFT models were applied for the structural relaxation of entries of the LNO configurational space (87 configurations) demonstrating a strong dependence of the results of optimization on the initial structure guess (at the latter delithiation stages) and on the Hubbard correction application (for the whole range of delithiation). Within the computationally easiest model considered for LNO, subsequent modeling of the NCA configurational space (20760 configurations) results in structural changes of the model cell that are well-consistent (relative errors <1.5% with respect to the lattice parameter values) with data of operando neutron diffraction experiments during charge–discharge cycling. In the scope of the machine learning approach, topology of Li layers and relative disposition of Li and Al in NCA structure are found to be the most important descriptors during the energy balance estimations.
Silver Nanowire–Conducting Polymer–ITO Hybrids for Flexible and Transparent Conductive Electrodes with Excellent Durability (2015)

PSS, ITO, or both of them were systematically examined. Among the films, the AgNW-PEDOT:PSS-ITO hybrid film exhibits a high transmittance (88%) and a low sheet resistance (44 Ω sq(-1)) with a small haze (1.9%). Moreover, the hybrid films show excellent durability to a variety of environmental stresses. By virtues of the high performance and durability, it is believed that the AgNW-PEDOT:PSS-ITO hybrid electrodes are highly suitable for practical use.
Low Copy Number of the AMY1 Locus Is Associated with Early-Onset Female Obesity in Finland (2015)

In conclusion, our findings suggest that AMY1 copy number differences play a role in childhood-onset obesity but the effect differs between males and females. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm these observations.
A Single STAT Recruitment Module in a Chimeric Cytokine Receptor Complex Is Sufficient for STAT Activation (1997)

We established a system of receptor chimeras that enabled us to induce heterodimerization of different cytoplasmic tails. Fusion constructs were created that are composed of the extracellular parts of the interleukin-5 receptor alpha and beta chains, respectively, and the transmembrane and intracellular parts of gp130, the signal transducing chain of the interleukin-6 receptor complex. In COS-7 transfectants we observed a dose-dependent interleukin-5-inducible STAT1 activation for which the presence of both the alpha and the beta chain chimera was needed. No STAT activity was detected if one of the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor complex was deleted, indicating that STAT activity resulted from a receptor dimer rather than from higher receptor aggregates. We further investigated whether dimerization of STAT1 depends on the juxtaposition of two STAT recruitment modules in a receptor complex. We show that a receptor dimer with only a single STAT1 docking site was still able to lead to STAT1 activation. This indicates that the formation of a paired set of STAT binding sites in a receptor complex is not the prerequisite for STAT factor dimerization. Our findings are discussed in view of alternative STAT dimerization models.
Just relax: Convex programming methods for subset selection and sparse approximation (2004)

Abstract. Subset selection and sparse approximation problems request a good approximation of an input signal using a linear combination of elementary signals, yet they stipulate that the approximation may only involve a few of the elementary signals. This class of problems arises throughout electrical engineering, applied mathematics and statistics, but small theoretical progress has been made over the last fifty years. Subset selection and sparse approximation both admit natural convex relaxations, but the literature contains few results on the behavior of these relaxations for general input signals. This report demonstrates that the solution of the convex program frequently coincides with the solution of the original approximation problem. The proofs depend essentially on geometric properties of the ensemble of elementary signals. The results are powerful because sparse approximation problems are combinatorial, while convex programs can be solved in polynomial time with standard software. Comparable new results for a greedy algorithm, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, are also stated. This report should have a major practical impact because the theory applies immediately to many real-world signal processing problems. 1.
Co-integrated resonant tunneling and heterojunction bipolar transistor full adder (2002)

We present the first resonant tunneling bipolar transistor integrated circuits operating at room temperature. The circuits are comprised of co-integrated resonant tunneling and double heterojunction bipolar transistors based on III-V heteroepitaxy on InP substrates. The resonant tunneling bipolar transistors exhibit a peak-to-valley collector current ratio exceeding 70 which is higher than previous room temperature reports. Using this technology we demonstrate a 3-transistor XNOR, a 6-transistor XOR, a 5-transistor CARRY, and a 17-transistor full adder, all using a 3 V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Demonstration of Highly Miniaturized, Low Cost Panel Level Glass Package for MEMS Sensors (2017)

This paper describes an ultra-thin, low cost 3D glass sensor packaging platform for near-hermeticity with novel feedthrough and encapsulation technologies. Glass panels of thicknesses ranging from 50 μm to 300 μm are used which limits overall form factor to 10 MPa) and Dow Chemical's Benzocyclobutene (BCB) 14-P005 is found to be the best candidate for panel level glass-glass bonding. Modelling of the proposed three-layer glass packaging platform was performed in COMSOL Multiphysics. Results show a maximum deformation of about 2.3 μm - 2.5 μm in the BCB and GX-92 bonded package and the least average internal stress of 6.40 MPa in the BCB bonded package. The complete manufacturing cycle starting from cavity formation on bare glass to final 3D assembly to form the lidded/open cavity package including singulation is panel based, enabling significant cost reduction (depending on die dimensions and panel size) compared to ceramic and other substrate technologies.
Pain management in dementia: so far, not so good (2016)

Pain is highly prevalent in the aging population. Individuals with neurological disorders such as dementia aresusceptible patient groups in which pain is frequently under-recognised, underestimated, and under-treated.The inability to successfully communicate pain in moderate-severe dementia is a major barrier to effectivetreatment and several observational studies indicate that pain is under-treated among cognitively impairedelderly people.Pain has been related to neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, such as agitation, aggression, mood syndromeand sleep problems. Adequate pain management has been demonstrated as possibly effective in mediatingor alleviating those symptoms.Recent guidelines (American Geriatric Society 2009, British Geriatric Society 2013) recommend a comprehensive,disease-specific assessment to determine appropriate treatment for each individual. Whereas in oldpatients data on pain management are becoming more consistent, we still lack clinical evidence in those affectedby dementia.In this narrative review, we summarize the best-available evidence regarding the aetiology, assessment andtreatment of pain in people with dementia. Further large-scale trials of treatment approaches in people withdementia are needed to improve clinical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of pain in these fragile individuals.