gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Sensor for Free Radical Detection (2005)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not only a product of the reactions catalyzed by a large number of highly selective oxidases but also an essential mediator in food, pharmaceutical and environmental analysis. Therefore its determination is of paramount importance in many areas in chemical, biological and clinical fields. Most H2O2 biosensors developed till date are based on enzymes and proteins which have a limited sensor life. Moreover, complex procedures are followed for sensor fabrication. Therefore an inorganic material based sensor with a simple design and longer shelf-life is highly desirable. In this work, the development of a novel cerium oxide nanomaterial based electrochemical sensor for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide is described. This has direct ramifications in the development of sensors for other superoxide radicals.
A practical approach for image quality assesment (2007)

Image quality assessment is a research field that becomes more and more important in the mobile devices market. In practice, estimation of the image quality has applications in several fields such as mobile printing, user assistance and memory management, to mention a few. In this paper we propose a novel practical approach for image quality assessment. More specifically, we introduce an iterative algorithm able to estimate the amount of blur from the input image. The proposed approach is well suited to be used in mobile implementations.
Modal Equalization of Loudspeaker-Room Responses at Low Frequencies (2003)

The control of excessively long decays in a listening room with strong low-frequency modes is problematic, expensive, and sometimes impossible with conventional passive means. A systematic methodology is presented to design active modal equalization able to selectively reduce the mode decay rate of a loudspeaker ‐ room system at low frequencies in the vicinity of a sound engineer’s listening location. Modal equalization is able to increase the rate of initial sound decay at mode frequencies, and can be used with conventional magnitude equalization to optimize the reproduced sound quality. Two methods of implementing active modal equalization are proposed. The first modifies the primary sound such that the mode decay rates are controlled. The second uses separate secondary radiators and controls the mode decays with additional sound fed into the secondary radiators. Case studies are presented of implementing active modal control according to the first method.
Giant tunneling magnetoresistance up to 330% at room temperature in sputter deposited Co2FeAl/MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junctions (2009)

Magnetoresistance ratio up to 330% at room temperature (700% at 10 K) has been obtained in a spin-valve-type magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) consisting of a full-Heusler alloy Co2FeAl electrode and a MgO tunnel barrier fabricated on a single crystal MgO (001) substrate by sputtering method. The output voltage of the MTJ at one-half of the zero-bias value was found to be as high as 425 mV, which is the largest reported to date in MTJs using Heusler alloy electrodes. The present finding suggests that Co2FeAl may be one of the most promising candidates for future spintronics devices applications.
Wide-area monitoring of electromechanical oscillations in large electric power systems (2012)

This paper gives a survey of two approaches applied to detection of critical power oscillations in electric power systems. The developed techniques are based on models identified in real-time from measured data. The resulting models yield the actual power system dynamics. They can be used for monitoring purposes as well as for design of stabilizing/damping controllers applied to any fast acting power electronic devices installed in power systems such as HVDC, FACTS devices or excitation systems of synchronous generators. The described monitoring algorithms have already been implemented using existing hardware and productized. This makes it possible to show some results and practical experience collected in cooperation with several transmission system operators.
Carbonic anhydrase enzymes regulate mast cell-mediated inflammation (2017)

Abstract Type 2 cytokine responses are necessary for the development of protective immunity to helminth parasites but also cause the inflammation associated with allergies and asthma. Recent studies have found that peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells contribute to type 2 cytokine-mediated inflammation through their enhanced ability to develop into mast cells. Here we show that carbonic anhydrase (Car) enzymes are upregulated in type 2-associated progenitor cells and demonstrate that Car enzyme inhibition is sufficient to prevent murine mast cell responses and inflammation following Trichinella spiralis infection or the induction of food allergy-like disease. Further, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology and illustrate that genetically editing Car1 is sufficient to selectively reduce mast cell development. Finally, we demonstrate that Car enzymes can be targeted to prevent human mast cell development. Collectively these studies identify a previously unrecognized role for Car enzymes in regulating mast cell lineage commitment and suggest that Car enzyme inhibitors may possess therapeutic potential that can be employed to treat mast cell-mediated inflammation.
A Miniaturized Reconfigurable CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (2018)

Composite Right-/Left-Handed (CRLH) Leaky-Wave Antennas (LWAs) are a class of radiating elements characterized by an electronically steerable radiation pattern. The design is comprised of a cascade of CRLH unit cells populated with varactor diodes. By varying the voltage across the varactor diodes, the antenna can steer its directional beam from broadside to backward and forward end-fire directions. In this paper, we discuss the design and experimental analysis of a miniaturized CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna for the 2.4 GHz WiFi band. The miniaturization is achieved by etching Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) underneath each CRLH unit cell. As opposed to the conventional LWA designs, we take advantage of a LWA layout that does not require thin interdigital capacitors; thus we significantly reduce the PCB manufacturing constraints required to achieve size reduction. The experimental results were compared with a nonminiaturized prototype in order to evaluate the differences in impedance and radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna is a significant achievement because it will enable CRLH LWAs to be a viable technology not only for wireless access points, but also potentially for mobile devices.
Non-Adaptive Pattern Reordering to Improve Scan Chain Diagnostic Resolution (2019)

The following topics are dealt with: integrated circuit testing; fault diagnosis; integrated circuit design; logic testing; logic design; system-on-chip; design for testability; learning (artificial intelligence); field programmable gate arrays; IEEE standards.
Highly Integrated Guidewire Ultrasound Imaging System-on-a-Chip (2020)

In this article, we present a highly integrated guidewire ultrasound (US) imaging system-on-a-chip (GUISoC) for vascular imaging. The SoC consists of a 16-channel US transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) electronics, on-chip power management IC (PMIC), and quadrature sampler. Using a synthetic aperture imaging algorithm, a Tx/Rx pair, connected to capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs), can be activated at any time. The Tx generates acoustic waves by driving the CMUT, while the Rx picks up the echo signal and amplify it to be delivered through an interconnect that is driven by a buffer. On-chip logic controls the pulsers that generate the high-voltage (HV)-pulse for Tx. An on-chip PMIC provides 1.8-, 5-, 39-, and 44-V supplies and a clock signal from the two interconnects besides GND. A quadrature sampler down-converts the Rx echo signal to baseband, reducing its bandwidth requirement for the output interconnect. The system design, including transimpedance amplifier (TIA) optimization, based on the equivalent circuit of a specific CMUT is presented. The SoC was fabricated by a 0.18-<i>μ</i>m HV CMOS process, occupying 1.5-mm2 active area and consuming 25.2 and 44 mW from 1.8 to 44 V supplies, respectively. The US Tx and Rx show bandwidths of 32-42 and 32.7-37.5 MHz, respectively. The input-referred noise of the system was measured as 9.66 nA in band with 2-m-long 52 American Wire Gauge (AWG) wire interconnects. The functionality of the GUISoC was verified <i>in vitro</i> by imaging wire targets.
Advances in sapphire-fiber-based intrinsic interferometric sensors (1992)

We present recent advances in the development of a sapphire-fiber-based interferometric sensor. The dependence of the fringe contrast of the sensor output on the quality of the silica-to-sapphire fiber splice is investigated. Sensor performance has been improved by optimizing both the sensor geometry and its method of fabrication. This sensor was demonstrated for the measurement temperature above 1510°C, and a resolution of 0.1°C has been obtained.
Continuous Process for Production of CuCF<sub>3</sub> via Direct Cupration of Fluoroform (2014)

The first continuous flow process has been developed for the synthesis of a superior trifluoromethylating reagent, “ligandless” CuCF3, from fluoroform, by far the best CF3 source in terms of availability, cost, and atom economy. Optimization of the residence time and feed rates for CHF3 (gas), the cuprating reagent (premade from CuCl and t-BuOK in a 1:2 ratio) in DMF, and the stabilizer (Et3N·3HF) at 23 °C and atmospheric pressure has allowed for the continuous production of CuCF3 in consistently high yields of up to 94%. The thus produced CuCF3 has been shown to be as highly efficient a trifluoromethylating agent as the one from the previously developed batch process.
Modulated imaging: quantitative analysis and tomography of turbid media in the spatial-frequency domain (2005)

Experiments performed on turbid phantoms demonstrate that spatially modulated illumination facilitates quantitative wide-field optical property mapping and tomographic imaging in turbid media.
Doppler as a new dimension for multiple access in LEO satellite systems (1997)

The problem of flow control for little LEO satellite communications systems is studied. In these systems the satellite functions as a ‘bent pipe’ transponder for messaging between small terminals and a command and data acquisition (CDA) earth station. A novel scheme for averting traffic overflow on the inbound channel (from terminal to CDA), which we call ‘Doppler-based multiple access’ (DBMA), is introduced. In DBMA the CDA specifies a subset of the visibility footprint as a region of eligibility (ROE). Only terminals located in the ROE are permitted to transmit. By varying the size and location of the ROE, effective flow control on the inbound channel is achieved. The ROEs are specified in terms of parameters of the Doppler frequency shift versus time curve observed at terminals on the outbound downlink channel (from satellite to terminal). The effectiveness and elegance of the DBMA protocol are illustrated through computer simulation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable Five-Nanosecond Writing of Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random-Access Memory (2019)

We report reliable 5 ns switching of spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random-access memory devices of nominal size 43 nm and a resistance area product of 11 Ω·µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . We measured 256 devices with a 100% write-error-rate (WER) yield at a WER floor of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and a steep WER slope as a function of voltage. A single device had a WER less than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-10}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for 5 ns write pulses. We show promising 3 ns switching performance, with a 94% WER yield at a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> WER floor, for 64 devices of nominal size 50 nm.
Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies from Large‐Scale Mammalian Cell Culture Perfusion Systems (1987)

Abstract Methodology for the purification of monoclonal antibodies from large‐scale mammalian cell culture systems has been investigated. The concentration of monoclonal antibodies in conditioned cell culture media was generally found to be in the milligram per liter range, requiring 100–1,000 liters for production of gram quantities. To reduce the volumes, several ultrafiltration systems, including hollow fiber, plate, and frame, and spiral cartridges were investigated and found to be effective for large‐scale work. Once a concentrated product was obtained, several methods including ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange, protein. A agarose, and size exclusion chromatograhy were utilized and compared. The best results were obtained when concentrated conditioned medium was either diluted or diafiltered (to reduce the high ionic strength of conditioned medium) and fractionated by cation exchange chromatography. Variations in isoelectric points for different monoclonal antibodies require that specific pH and ionic strength parameters be determined to optimize binding and elution. Additional purification was achieved by further ion exchange steps or the use of ammonium sulfate precipitation. For particularly difficult purifications, protein A affinity chromatography was used. Once a purity of 90–95% was achieved, size exclusion chromatography was used as a final step to remove aggregates, process chemicals, contaminant proteins, and to exchange the antibody into the formulation buffer.
X-Band Archimedean Spiral Antenna Array with Sloped-Wall Backing Cavity (2019)

An Archimedean Spiral Antenna Array with Sloped-Wall Backing Cavity was designed to achieve the broad bandwidth with high gain, circular polarization, and low-profile configuration for X-band (8-12 GHz) Deep Space communications for CubeSats. The designed 2 by 2 array showed good impedance matching and a low axial ratio (<; 3 dB) from 8 to 12 GHz. The addition of the slope-wall backing cavity increases the realized gain of the Archimedean Spiral Antenna by greater than 3.2 dBiC across the frequency band without the drop in gain experienced by conventional cavities. The designed array fits on the 1U (100 x 100 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) face of the CubeSat.
Turbo-charging hidden database samplers with overflowing queries and skew reduction (2010)

Recently, there has been growing interest in random sampling from online hidden databases. These databases reside behind form-like web interfaces which allow users to execute search queries by specifying the desired values for certain attributes, and the system responds by returning a few (e.g., top-k) tuples that satisfy the selection conditions, sorted by a suitable scoring function. In this paper, we consider the problem of uniform random sampling over such hidden databases. A key challenge is to eliminate the skew of samples incurred by the selective return of highly ranked tuples. To address this challenge, all state-of-the-art samplers share a common approach: they do not use overflowing queries. This is done in order to avoid favoring highly ranked tuples and thus incurring high skew in the retrieved samples. However, not considering overflowing queries substantially impacts sampling efficiency.
Microwave dielectric sensing of bulk density of granular materials (2001)

A nondestructive dielectric method for sensing bulk density of granular materials is presented. The bulk density is determined from measurement of the dielectric properties of these materials at a single microwave frequency without knowledge of their moisture content and temperature. Bulk density calibration equations are generated from a complex-plane representation of the dielectric properties normalized with respect to bulk density. The effectiveness of the method is shown through measurement of the dielectric properties at 7 GHz for materials with significant compositional and structural differences, i.e. wheat, oats, corn and soybeans, over wide ranges of moisture content and temperature. The standard error of calibration and the relative error calculated for each material indicate that the method is as accurate as or better than commonly used methods for on-line density determination. Because the density is expressed in terms of the relative complex permittivity, the method can be applied regardless of the measurement technique (using transmission lines, a resonant cavity, admittance or impedance).
Controlled Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin Films Using Spin-Assembly (2001)

Spin-assembly is an excellent method for controlling the amount and thickness of adsorbed polyelectrolyte in fabricating multilayer thin films. These films are investigated by means of ellipsometry and UV-vis spectroscopy and their spectral properties are used to determine the effect of the polyelectrolyte concentration, the speed of rotation, and other experimental parameters on the film thickness and uniformity. Adjusting these parameters allows fine-tuning of the multilayer thin films and provides the spin-assembly method with a control tool for many future applications.
Unconstrained Voronoi Grids for Densely Spaced Complex Wells in Full-Field Reservoir Simulation (2014)

Summary Accurate representation of near-well flow is an important subject matter in reservoir simulation. In today's field-scale reservoir simulation, cell-centered structured grids remain the predominant practice. Typically, well-inflow performance of the perforated cells is connected to the finite-volume solution by means of well indices that may not be well-defined when the wellbore intersects the finite-volume cells in a complex trajectory. Fine gridding is also required to resolve the flow dynamics in the near-well regions. Strong grid-orientation sensitivities can also contribute to the numerical errors and may require significant local grid refinement to alleviate. There are ongoing resesarch-and-development (R&D) efforts on applying unstructured grids to better represent the near-well flow in reservoir simulation, but their applications are mainly in single-well study or sector modeling with a few wells. Some of the reasons cited for this include (1) the lack of an effective, easy-to-use full-field complex well-gridding tool; (2) the lack of supporting unstructured workflow for full-cycle reservoir simulation; (3) the cost of unstructured-grid simulation; and (4) the availability of post-analysis and visualization tools for unstructured-grid simulation. The paper describes a novel method to automatically generate unstructured grids that conform to complex well paths in field-scale simulation. The method uses a multilevel approach to place cells optimally within the solution domain on the basis of the “regions of interests.” The wellbore geometry is honored by means of the construction of a near-well grid that is complemented with multilevel quad-tree (Fig. 1) refinements to achieve the desired resolution in grid transition zones. The method includes an algorithm to remove small cells and pinching cells on the basis of local grid quality measures and cell prioritization to honor well paths. The gridding process forms a component of a production-level reservoir-simulation workflow. The use of unstructured grid results in computational savings by placing cells where the resolution is needed. An in-house massively parallel simulator is used to run the unstructured-grid models. Simulation examples for full-field applications with hundreds of complex wells by use of both structured grids and unstructured grids will be used to compare results, accuracy, and performance of the gridding method for reservoir simulation.
A New Parameterization Technique for the Calibration of Facies Proportions in History–matching Processes (2010)

In this paper, we propose a parameterization technique to automatically adjust facies proportions in a history-matching process. Facies proportions being usually non stationary, they involve a number of parameters proportional to the number of grid blocks which can not be handled in practice. Our technique allows us to vary facies proportions from a reduced number of parameters. This method depends on the ratio of average proportions between facies groups with a priori poorly known proportions. The changes in the ratio values are driven by the optimization process and induce variations in facies proportions over the target area. Two different algorithms are introduced depending on the geological environment. The simplest and most efficient one generates discontinuity between the target area and the embedding environment while the second one ensures continuity. One advantage of both techniques is that they do not depend on the stochastic method used to simulate the facies realizations. To stress the potential of this approach, we recap the results obtained for a faulted turbidite field located in offshore Angola and show how this technique helped to improve the calibration of 4D seismic data.
Developments in Low Loss, Low Ripple SAW Filters (1982)

SAW filters are often required by systems to possess low loss, low passband ripple and high out-of-band rejection properties simultaneously. This paper describes two recent developments in the design of such low loss filters. In the first approach, three bidirectional transducers are arranged colinearly to eliminate half of the 6 dB bidirectional loss. The unique feature of this design lies in the use of centrosymmetric transducers for broadband triple transit suppression. Two design examples are reported. The filter fractional bandwidths range from 1.8% to 10.5%. For the second approach, a new type of connecting and matching the group type undirectional transducer (UDT) is described for narrowband filters. In this method, one of the two groups in the UDT is inductively matched to serve as acoustic reflector. Triple transit level of better than -50 dB is achieved for a device of 8 dB loss. The in-band peak-to-peak (p-p) amplitude ripple is less than 0.05 dB.
SCRIPT: a critical path tracing algorithm for synchronous sequential circuits (1991)

The basic critical path tracing method for combinational circuits is outlined, and it is shown how it can produce pessimistic results in certain cases where fault effects propagate along multiple paths. The problem of extending the critical path tracing method to sequential circuits is considered. It is shown that the pessimistic nature of critical path tracing in combinational circuits may lead to optimistic results in sequential circuits, and a modification of the critical path tracing method to make it exact for combinational circuits is proposed. Based on this modification, a critical path tracing algorithm for synchronous sequential circuits is developed which is also exact.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>