gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative ultrasonic assessment of tissue macroscopic heterogeneity (2003)

Ultrasonic image analysis is proposed as a quantitative technique for assessment of meat quality. Experimental results on the measurement of meat macroscopic heterogeneity due to the connective tissue are presented. The method is based on the estimation of the cross-correlation coefficient of echographic signals. In the case of a homogeneous scattering medium, the cross-correlation coefficient is theoretically expected to rapidly vanish with the distance between signals. The value of the cross-correlation coefficient depends only on the beam width. In the case of a heterogeneous medium (macroscopic connective tissue), the correlation coefficient does not vanish and its value depends on the degree of heterogeneity. The degree of heterogeneity is also estimated through the ratio between the area of the macroscopic echogenic structure and the whole image area. It is shown that the degree of heterogeneity influences both the cross-correlation coefficient and the image surface ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Voltage Isolated Gate Drive Circuit for 10 kV, 100 A SiC MOSFET/JBS Power Modules (2008)

A high-current, high-voltage-isolated gate drive circuit developed for characterization of high-voltage, high- frequency 10 kV, 100 A SiC MOSFET/JBS half-bridge power modules is presented and described. Gate driver characterization and simulation demonstrate that the circuit satisfies the gate drive requirements for the SiC power modules in applications such as the DARPA WBST-HPE solid state power substation (SSPS). These requirements include 30 kV voltage-isolation for the high-side MOSFETs, very low capacitance between the ground and floating driver sides, and 20 kHz operation. Block diagram and detailed discussion of principles of operation of the gate drive circuit are given, together with measured and simulated waveforms of performance evaluation.
Vibration control based on dynamic compensation in an electric power steering system (2002)

The market for power assist steering in small cars is expanding. Most common among the products rapidly coming to the market are electrically powered hydraulic units and electrically powered systems that act directly on the steering column or on the steering gear. Control system stability and system vibrations are always a concern. While the system synthesized in this paper is a straight-forward torque amplifier, the compensation necessary to assure control system stability, attenuate vibrations and preserve bandwidth can be a challenging control design problem. Although the system is inherently nonlinear, it has been demonstrated that the linear approximation is sufficiently accurate to provide valid results over a useful range of operation. We discuss the dynamic model of a power steering system. Dynamic compensator design and comparison analysis are given. Earlier results obtained by authors on dynamic and stability analysis of a power steering system with an ideal actuator and development of quantitative measures of a steering system performance are presented.
Toxicity of Some Terpenoids Against Fungi Infesting Fruits and Seeds of <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. During Storage (1984)

Abstract On mycoflora analysis of dried fruits and seeds of chilli stored for six months, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were the more frequent out of eighteen fungi isolated. Some terpenoids viz, Citral, Citronellal, Citronellol, Eugenol, Farnesol and Nerol showed absolute toxicity against A. flavus and A. niger at 0.5 per cent concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and nature (fungistatic/fungicidal) of all the terpenoids against both these fungi were determined, Citral, Eugenol and Nerol exhibited a broad range of toxicity and were found to be more efficacious than some synthetic fungicides.
A Light‐Driven DNA Nanomachine for the Efficient Photoswitching of RNA Digestion (2010)

Photons as fuel: A photoresponsive DNA enzyme was constructed that can work at the single-molecule level. Complete ON–OFF photoswitching of RNA digestion was realized by photoregulating the topological structure of a DNAzyme/RNA complex. The key components of the photoswitch are azobenzene units. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Simplified procedures for designing adhesively bonded composite joints (1989)

Procedures for the preliminary design of composite adhesive joints are described. Typical joints, their respective free body diagrams, and approximate equations for estimating the stresses in each of these typical joints are summarized. Equations are also presented to check the critical conditions of the joint such as minimum length, maximum adhesive shear stress, and peel-off stress. To illustrate the procedure, sample designs are described in step-by-step fashion for a butt joint with single doubler subjected to static loads, cyclic loads, and environmental effects. The results show that unsymmetric adhesive joints are inefficient and should be avoided, and hygrothermal environments and cyclic loads dramatically reduce the structural integrity of the joint and require several joint lengths compared with those for static load with no environmental effects.
Heterogeneity-aware resource allocation and scheduling in the cloud (2011)

Data analytics are key applications running in the cloud computing environment. To improve performance and cost-effectiveness of a data analytics cluster in the cloud, the data analytics system should account for heterogeneity of the environment and workloads. In addition, it also needs to provide fairness among jobs when multiple jobs share the cluster. In this paper, we rethink resource allocation and job scheduling on a data analytics system in the cloud to embrace the heterogeneity of the underlying platforms and workloads. To that end, we suggest an architecture to allocate resources to a data analytics cluster in the cloud, and propose a metric of share in a heterogeneous cluster to realize a scheduling scheme that achieves high performance and fairness.
A Direct Synthesis of γ-, δ-, and ε-Lactones Utilizing SmI2-induced Barbier-type Reaction in the Presence of Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide (HMPA) (1987)

Abstract By using an efficient reduction system of SmI2-THF-HMPA, the coupling reaction of β-, γ, or δ-bromoesters with carbonyl compounds was completed within a minute at room temperature affording γ-, δ-, or ε-lactones, respectively, in good yields. Cp2ZrCl2 was also found to be effective for the coupling with ketones.
GSK3: a key target for the development of novel treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer disease (2011)

As a constitutively active kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a kinase which regulates body metabolism by phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) and other substrates. Considerable evidence suggests that GSK3 is involved in the common pathology underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The overexpression or overactivation of GSK3 could induce a series of pathological changes, most of which are hallmarks of AD and T2DM. Therefore, GSK3 could be a novel target to treat these two age-dependent diseases. The inhibition of this kinase can prevent the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. GSK3 inhibition can also be a promising strategy to ameliorate neurodegenerative developments. Its potential association with memory formation has been shown in electrophysiological and behavioral experiments. The neuroprotective effects of novel drugs developed to treat T2DM, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its long-lasting analogs, have a possible link to GSK3 modification. Recent investigations of the interaction between the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway and the protective effect of novel GPL-1 receptor agonist geniposide on PC12 cells support this theory.
Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Therapeutic Potential for Bacterial Skin Infections and Wounds (2018)

Alarming data about increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics are reported, while at the same time the development of new antibiotics is stagnating. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are mainly caused by the so called ESKAPE pathogens (<i>Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Enterobacter</i> species) which belong to the most recalcitrant bacteria and are resistant to almost all common antibiotics. <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> are the most frequent pathogens isolated from chronic wounds and increasing resistance to topical antibiotics has become a major issue. Therefore, new treatment options are urgently needed. In recent years, research focused on the development of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with lower toxicity and improved activity compared to their endogenous counterparts. AMPs appear to be promising therapeutic options for the treatment of SSTIs and wounds as they show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, low resistance rates and display pivotal immunomodulatory as well as wound healing promoting activities such as induction of cell migration and proliferation and angiogenesis. In this review, we evaluate the potential of AMPs for the treatment of bacterial SSTIs and wounds and provide an overview of the mechanisms of actions of AMPs that contribute to combat skin infections and to improve wound healing. Bacteria growing in biofilms are more resistant to conventional antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts due to limited biofilm penetration and distinct metabolic and physiological functions, and often result in chronification of infections and wounds. Thus, we further discuss the feasibility of AMPs as anti-biofilm agents. Finally, we highlight perspectives for future therapies and which issues remain to bring AMPs successfully to the market.
Acclimation to High CO<sub>2</sub> in Monoecious Cucumbers (1986)

CO(2) concentrations of 1000 compared to 350 microliters per liter in controlled environment chambers did not increase total fruit weight or number in a monoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Chipper) nor did it increase biomass, leaf area, or relative growth rates beyond the first 16 days after seeding. Average fruit weight was slightly, but not significantly greater in the 1000 microliters per liter CO(2) treatment because fruit numbers were changed more than total weight. Plants grown at 1000 and 350 microliters per liter CO(2) were similar in distribution of dry matter and leaf area between mainstem, axillary, and subaxillary branches. Early flower production was greater in 1000 microliters per liter plants. Subsequent flower numbers were either lower in enriched plants or similar in the two treatments, except for the harvest at fruiting when enriched plants produced many more male flowers than the 350 microliters per liter treatments.
Type curves for evaluation and performance prediction of low-permeability gas wells stimulated by massive hydraulic fracturing (1979)

Amoco Production Co. presents corrected equations and type curves - useful in analyzing the performance of tight gas wells stimulated by massive hydraulic fracturing - that had been printed incorrectly in an earlier report.
Protonation States of Methionine Aminopeptidase and Their Relevance for Inhibitor Binding and Catalytic Activity (2003)

We have performed a computational study of different protomeric states of the methionine aminopeptidase active site using a combined quantum-mechanical/molecular mechanical simulation approach. The aim of this study was to clarify the native protonation state of the enzyme, which is needed for the development of novel irreversible inhibitors that can possibly be used as antiangiogenic and antibiotic drugs by virtual screening and other drug design methods. The results of the simulations indicated that two protonation states are possible without disturbing the overall geometry of the active site. We then verified experimentally the presence of the two protonation states by studying the substrate hydrolysis and inhibitor binding reactions at different pH values and come to the conclusion that one of the protomeric states is relevant for inhibitor binding, whereas the other is relevant for substrate hydrolysis. This result has implications for the development of other inhibitors of this class of enzymes and adds a new perspective to the pharmacological properties of the antiangiogenic drug fumagillin, which is an irreversible inhibitor of the human methionine aminopeptidase type II.
Emotion Detection from Text via Ensemble Classification Using Word Embeddings (2017)

Emotion detection from text has become a popular task due to the key role of emotions in human-machine interaction. Current approaches represent text as a sparse bag-of-words vector. In this work, we propose a new approach that utilizes pre-trained, dense word embedding representations. We introduce an ensemble approach combining both sparse and dense representations. Our experiments include five datasets for emotion detection from different domains and show an average improvement of 11.6% in macro average F1-score.
Detection of up to 65% of Precancerous Lesions of the Human Colon and Rectum by Mutation Analysis of APC, K-Ras, B-Raf and CTNNB1 (2010)

In the present study a recently conceived 4-gene marker panel covering the Wnt and Ras-Raf-MEK-MAPK signaling pathways was used to analyze 20 colorectal serrated lesions and 41 colorectal adenoma samples and to determine the percentage of each of the above-mentioned potentially precancerous lesions carrying at least one of the four above-mentioned genes in a mutated form. CTNNB1 and B-Raf were screened by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, K-Ras by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the APC gene mutation cluster region (codons 1243-1567) by direct DNA sequencing. APC mutations were only detected in 10% of the serrated lesions but in 34% of the adenomas. Twenty percent of the serrated lesions and 14% of the adenomas carried a mutated K-Ras. B-Raf was found to be mutated in 50% of the serrated lesions and in 22% of the adenomas. CTNNB1 was altered in 12% of the adenomas, but not in serrated lesions. By using the above gene marker panel it could be shown that 65% of the serrated lesions and 61% of the adenomas carried at least one of the four genes in a mutated form. Based on its excellent performance in detecting mutations in sporadic preneoplastic (in this study) and neoplastic lesions (in a previous study) of the human colon and rectum, this primer combination might also be suited to efficiently and non-invasively detect genetic alterations in stool DNA of patients with early colorectal cancer.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Dementia: An Update (2018)

nAChRs have consistently presented a promising theoretical use in the treatment of AD; however, trials thus far have been complicated by adverse effects or minimal improvement. This review will provide an update on several pharmacological nAChR agonists trialed and reasons that further investigation of nAChR agonists is merited.
Impact of Out-of-Band Emission in OFDM and in DFT-SOFDM (2009)

This paper presents statistical properties and the impact of out-of-band emission in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and in Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-SOFDM) on the link performance. The analysis on the power spectrum density shows that if the signal distortion by a nonlinear power amplifier is not considered, OFDM has the same average power spectrum density as DFT-SOFDM. Hence, the average out-of-band emission (OOBE) power is equal for both systems. However, the fourth- order moment of frequency-domain symbols of DFT-SOFDM is larger than for the case of OFDM, which leads to larger variance of OOBE power in DFT-SOFDM than in OFDM. The link simulation demonstrates that larger variance of OOBE power in DFT-SOFDM does not degrade the link performance of the victim system compared to OFDM as long as the average OOBE power is same. Furthermore, the impact of the intra-system interference due to nonlinear power amplifiers on the link performance is also investigated both for OFDM and DFT-SOFDM systems.
Current aspects of invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis in adult intensive care patients (2010)

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU), with Candida spp. in the forefront among the important pathogens. As recent studies have shown, survival outcome is strongly influenced by adequate antifungal therapy at an early stage that is often delayed by the time lag associated with microbiological diagnosis. Risk factor-based prediction models have a high negative predictive value, but positive prediction of candidaemia in the individual patient remains elusive. New antigen- or DNA-based methods for early diagnosis still await clinical validation. Their routine use is hampered by methodological issues. Species distribution of invasive Candida isolates in the ICU appears to be influenced primarily by age, previous hospitalisation and colonising species. In the context of the importance of adequate first-line treatment, recent guidelines favour the use of echinocandins in critically ill patients with symptoms evoking high suspicion of invasive candidiasis. This is supported by robust clinical trial data, a few interactions and low toxicity. Fluconazole is characterised by reduced activity against some important Candida species, elevated rates of persistent infection seen in comparative trials. Amphotericin B deoxycholate should be considered obsolete in ICU patients because of its high toxicity. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a rare devastating infection in the general ICU population, but some centres have reported elevated incidences and underdiagnosis as determined in autopsy-controlled studies. Treatment with mould-active agents such as voriconazole must be initiated early in patients with suspected IA.
UWB-based Single-anchor Low-cost Indoor Localization System (2017)

In this demo, we present a low-cost indoor localization system based on the off-the-shelf ultra-wideband transceiver Decawave DW1000. To obtain an accurate position information, the system makes use of a single anchor and of multipath reflections from walls, hence removing the need of installing a network of anchors or any other additional infrastructure. The procedure of determining the position of a tag can be divided in four consecutive stages. First, the location of virtual anchors is computed by mirroring the anchor position at reflective surfaces. Using two-way ranging, the distance and channel impulse response (CIR) between anchor and tag is obtained. This actual CIR is compared with expected CIRs from possible tag locations using a maximum likelihood approach to estimate the tag's position. Finally, a switchable directional antenna can be exploited to improve the robustness of the system by suppressing undesired, interfering multipath components. By following this procedure, the proposed system can achieve a decimeter accuracy and react to position updates in real-time.
Synthesis of Strombine. A New Method for Monocarboxymethylation of Primary Amines. (1983)

Carboxymethylation d'alkylamines, arylamines, α-aminoacides et du dialamine a l'aide de l'acide glyoxylique
Physical Properties of Laterally Fluorinated Isothiocyanato Phenyl-tolane Single Liquid Crystals Components and Mixtures (2008)

We have designed, synthesized, and evaluated the physical properties of some high birefringence (Δn) isothiocyanato phenyl-tolane liquid crystals. These compounds exhibit a Δn ≃ 0.48–0.52 at room temperature and wavelength λ = 633 nm. Laterally substituted short alkyl chains and fluorine atom both eliminate smectic phase formation and lower the melting temperature. Both the moderate melting temperature and very high clearing temperature make those compounds attractive for eutectic mixture formulation. Examples of the mixtures containing the described components are presented.
Fluorous Electrophilic Scavengers for Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Surface acoustic wave depth profiling of elastically inhomogeneous materials (2000)

The potential of Rayleigh wave spectroscopy for the in-depth reconstruction of elastic properties of multilayers for materials with a continuous profile of elastic properties is explored. Two models to calculate the surface acoustic wave (SAW) dispersion spectrum from the profile of the elastic parameters are elaborated and compared. It is found that the relevant elastic parameters for Rayleigh wave dispersion in multilayers are the “effective” Rayleigh velocities, i.e., the Rayleigh velocities calculated for virtually semi-infinite layers. For the solution of the inverse problem, a neural network and a singular value decomposition model are proposed and tested on simulated SAW spectra. The reconstruction techniques are applied to reconstruct the elastic depth profile of shot-peened steel samples from laser-generated and laser-detected SAW data.
The use of morphometric and fractal parameters to assess the effects of 5-fluorouracil, interferon and dexamethasone treatment on colonic anastomosis healing: an experimental study in rats (2011)

Adjuvant chemotherapy and steroid therapy have been demonstrated to interfere with the wound healing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 5-fluorouracil, interferon, and dexamethasone, on the healing of colon anastomosis by assessing morphometric and fractal parameters of the colonic wall. An experimental anastomosis of the ascending colon was performed in 60 male Wistar rats, which were then randomly assigned to four groups. On the second to sixth post-operative days, the rats were administered 5-fluorouracil, interferon-α, dexamethasone, or 0.9% NaCl solution as a control. Macroscopic, histomorphometric and microbiological evaluation was performed in order to assess healing of the anastomosis. In three animals from the dexamethasone group, there was leakage of anastomosis; adhesion formation was highest in the interferon group, and significantly higher than in the control and 5-fluorouracil groups. Histomorphometric parameter alterations were most pronounced on the seventh and fourteenth post-operative days in all treatment groups, with submucosal thickness the most affected parameter. Connective tissue fractal dimension was significantly decreased in those animals treated with interferon and dexamethasone. All three pharmaceutical agents impaired healing of anastomosis, and promoted infection in the anastomosis and skin wound sites. As dexamethasone induced both morphometric and macroscopic alterations, it was considered the most detrimental in this study.