gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enriched Tallow on Egg Hatchability and Quality in Chicken (2005)

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was shown to increase the level of saturated fatty acids in egg yolk, alter interior egg quality, and induce embryo mortality in fertile eggs. Since CLA may soon be used as an animal feed supplement, the objective of this study was to determine if feeding chickens tallow from beef cattle fed a CLA-supplemented diet would induce embryo mortality and cause changes in egg quality. Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens (10 per treatment) were fed a diet containing 0.5% canola oil (CO), 0.5% CLA (CLA), 10% regular tallow (RT), 9.5% regular tallow plus 0.5% CLA (RT+CLA), 10% tallow from beef cattle fed 1% CLA (TCLA1), or 10% tallow from beef cattle fed 2.5% CLA (TCLA2.5) for 18 d. For hatchability studies, hens were artificially inseminated weekly. Eggs were collected daily, stored at 15EC for 24 h, and then incubated. Twenty eggs per treatment were stored at 4EC for 30 d and analyzed for pH. After 18 d of feeding, 3 hens per group were euthanized with carbon dioxide exposure and liver and adipose tissue samples were obtained. Fat from yolk, liver and adipose tissue were extracted for fatty acid analysis. After the 8th d of feeding, embryo mortality was 100% in CLA group versus 7, 9, 5, 6, and 7% in CO, RT, RT+CLA, TCLA1, and TCLA2.5, respectively. Relative CLA levels (% of fatty acids) of yolk from CO, CLA, RT, RT+CLA, TCLA1, and TCLA2.5 were 0, 2.31, 0.99, 1.67, 1.18, and 1.35%, respectively. Diets containing CLA and RT+CLA resulted in increased C16:0 and C18:0 and decreased C16:1(n-7) and C18:1(n-9) in the egg yolk. The CLA but not TCLA1 or TCLA2.5 diet resulted in decreased levels of C20:4(n-6) in yolk and liver compared to CO. Yolk pH increased and albumen pH decreased in the eggs from the CLA relative to CO (8.09 and 8.63 versus 6.13 and 9.04, respectively). Abnormal pH changes did not develop in the eggs from CO, RT, RT+CLA, TCLA1 and TCLA2.5. These results showed that tallow from beef cattle fed CLA or tallow supplemented with CLA had no adverse effects on hatchability and egg quality.
In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Dihydropyrimidinone C-5 Amides as Potent and Selective α<sub>1A</sub> Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2000)

alpha(1) Adrenergic receptors mediate both vascular and lower urinary tract tone, and alpha(1) receptor antagonists such as terazosin (1b) are used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recently, three different subtypes of this receptor have been identified, with the alpha(1A) receptor being most prevalent in lower urinary tract tissue. This paper explores 4-aryldihydropyrimidinones attached to an aminopropyl-4-arylpiperidine via a C-5 amide as selective alpha(1A) receptor subtype antagonists. In receptor binding assays, these types of compounds generally display K(i) values for the alpha(1a) receptor subtype <1 nM while being greater than 100-fold selective versus the alpha(1b) and alpha(1d) receptor subtypes. Many of these compounds were also evaluated in vivo and found to be more potent than terazosin in both a rat model of prostate tone and a dog model of intra-urethral pressure without significantly affecting blood pressure. While many of the compounds tested displayed poor pharmacokinetics, compound 48 was found to have adequate bioavailability (>20%) and half-life (>6 h) in both rats and dogs. Due to its selectivity for the alpha(1a) over the alpha(1b) and alpha(1d) receptors as well as its favorable pharmacokinetic profile, 48 has the potential to relieve the symptoms of BPH without eliciting effects on the cardiovascular system.
Two Separate Gene Clusters Encode the Biosynthetic Pathway for the Meroterpenoids Austinol and Dehydroaustinol in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2012)

Meroterpenoids are a class of fungal natural products that are produced from polyketide and terpenoid precursors. An understanding of meroterpenoid biosynthesis at the genetic level should facilitate engineering of second-generation molecules and increasing production of first-generation compounds. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans has previously been found to produce two meroterpenoids, austinol and dehydroaustinol. Using targeted deletions that we created, we have determined that, surprisingly, two separate gene clusters are required for meroterpenoid biosynthesis. One is a cluster of four genes including a polyketide synthase gene, ausA. The second is a cluster of 10 additional genes including a prenyltransferase gene, ausN, located on a separate chromosome. Chemical analysis of mutant extracts enabled us to isolate 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid and 10 additional meroterpenoids that are either intermediates or shunt products from the biosynthetic pathway. Six of them were identified as novel meroterpenoids in this study. Our data, in aggregate, allow us to propose a complete biosynthetic pathway for the A. nidulans meroterpenoids.
PodSumm -- Podcast Audio Summarization (2020)

The diverse nature, scale, and specificity of podcasts present a unique challenge to content discovery systems. Listeners often rely on text descriptions of episodes provided by the podcast creators to discover new content. Some factors like the presentation style of the narrator and production quality are significant indicators of subjective user preference but are difficult to quantify and not reflected in the text descriptions provided by the podcast creators. We propose the automated creation of podcast audio summaries to aid in content discovery and help listeners to quickly preview podcast content before investing time in listening to an entire episode. In this paper, we present a method to automatically construct a podcast summary via guidance from the text-domain. Our method performs two key steps, namely, audio to text transcription and text summary generation. Motivated by a lack of datasets for this task, we curate an internal dataset, find an effective scheme for data augmentation, and design a protocol to gather summaries from annotators. We fine-tune a PreSumm[10] model with our augmented dataset and perform an ablation study. Our method achieves ROUGE-F(1/2/L) scores of 0.63/0.53/0.63 on our dataset. We hope these results may inspire future research in this direction.
D4 dopamine receptor-mediated signaling events determined in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1994)

A Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line stably expressing a recombinant human D4 dopamine receptor made from a synthetic gene has been used to determine potential D4-mediated signaling events. W e designed and synthesized a modified gene coding for a human D4 receptor with reduced G + C content but unaltered encoded amino acids. Stable expression of this gene was obtained in two cell lines, inducible expression in CHO lac1 cells and constitutive expression in HEK293 cells. In CHO lac1 cells induced to express D4 receptors but not in uninduced cells, dopamine and quinpirole inhibit forskolin-stimulated CAMP accumulation and potentiate ATP-stimulated [SHlarachidonic acid release through a mechanism that requires protein kinase C but is unaffected by membrane-soluble CAMP analogs. In addition, D4 receptor activation causes an increase in the rate of extracellular acidification measured by microphysiometry. This response is unaffected by protein kinase C down-regulation but is inhibited by removal of extracellular sodium and inhibitors of NaH-1 exchange, suggesting the involvement of a Na+/H+ exchanger. All responses are blocked by clozapine and are sensitive to pertussis toxin. D4 receptors, like other G/G,-linked receptors, mediate multiple signaling events, and the pathways activated are similar to those used by D2 and D3 receptors expressed in similar cells.
Massive signal tracing using on-chip DRAM for in-system silicon debug (2014)

Silicon debug is a major challenge due to continuously increasing design complexity. Traditional debug methods using signal tracing suffer from the limited capacity of on-chip trace buffers that only allow for signal observation during a short time window. We propose a low-cost debug architecture for massive signal tracing in ICs that integrate fast DRAM, such as 2D-ICs with embedded DRAM or 3D-stacked ICs with wide-I/O DRAM dies. The key idea is to use available on-chip DRAM for trace-data storage, which results in a significant increase of the observation window compared to traditional methods that use trace buffers. During a debug session, the entire observation window is divided into intervals and a signature is calculated for each observed interval using a multiple-input signature register. At run time, intervals containing erroneous bits are identified by comparing their signature with pre-calculated “golden” signatures that are stored in the DRAM a priori. Only failing intervals including their time stamp are stored into DRAM, which allows for a more efficient use of the memory, resulting in a larger observation window. The proposed method does not require multiple iterations or intermediate processing steps, hence it can be used during functional testing with minimum time overhead associated with the upload of golden signatures and the download of stored debug data to external equipment. We have created a Verilog RTL model for the proposed architecture, synthesized it using a 45 nm CMOS library, and verified its functionality by simulation. The results show that the observation window can be increased by orders of magnitude compared to prior work at comparable hardware cost.
Gradient nonlinear metasurfaces for continuous phase control (2016)

Gradient metasurfaces, or ultrathin optical components with engineered transverse impedance gradients along the surface have recently been demonstrated to provide control of the phase of scattered fields over sub-wavelength scale, enabling a broad range of linear optical components. More recently, sub-wavelength-thin nonlinear metasurfaces with tailored nonlinear responses have provided new degrees of freedom in metamaterial design, with potential applications such as super-resolution imaging, frequency conversion with greatly relaxed phase-matching constraints, and in all-optical switching and memories at nanoscale. However for all practical purposes, the level of nonlinear responses enabled by traditional materials, such as metals and dielectric crystals, is too weak, and nonlinear metasurfaces with orders of magnitude larger nonlinear susceptibilities are necessary to realistically enable a new paradigm in nonlinear optics, based on efficient frequency mixing in sub-wavelength films with relaxed phase-matching conditions and local in-place phase and amplitude control of the nonlinear response. We have recently reported polaritonic nonlinear metasurfaces with record-high nonlinear optical responses for second-harmonic generation based on coupling of electromagnetic modes in plasmonic nanoresonators with quantum-engineered intersubband nonlinearities in multi-quantum-well (MQW) semiconductor heterostructures. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate continuous 360-degrees phase control of the nonlinear response for second-harmonic nonlinear optical process at the individual nanoresonator level with practical level of nonlinear optical responses using a generalization of the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase approach to our MQW-based structures. Extending the ‘flat optics’ paradigm established with linear gradient metasurface, our result unveil a ‘flat nonlinear optics’ paradigm based on efficient frequency mixing and a complete control of the output wavefront with subwavelngth resolution.
Epitope Characterization of Malondialdehyde−Acetaldehyde Adducts Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1997)

Malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetaldehyde react together with proteins in a synergistic manner and form hybrid protein adducts, designated as MAA adducts. In a previous study, a polyclonal antibody specific for MAA-protein adducts was used in an immunoassay to detect the presence of MAA adducts in livers of ethanol-fed rats. In the present study, the specific epitope recognized by the antibody was defined and the chemistry of MAA adduct formation was further characterized. When several synthetic analogs were tested for their ability to inhibit antibody binding in a competitive ELISA, the results indicated that the major determinant of antibody binding was a highly fluorescent cyclic adduct composed of two molecules of MDA and one of acetaldehyde. The structure of this adduct was shown to be a 4-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbaldehyde derivative of an amino group of a protein. Examination of MAA adduct formation with a variety of proteins indicated that in addition to this specific fluorescent adduct, MAA adducts were also comprised of other nonfluorescent products. The amount of fluorescent epitopes present on a given protein was the major determinant of antibody binding as assessed in a competitive ELISA, although the efficiency of inhibition of antibody binding by these fluorescent epitopes on MAA-adducted proteins varied depending upon the particular protein. However, when these MAA-adducted proteins were hydrolyzed with Pronase, the concentration of these modified proteins necessary to achieve 50% inhibition of antibody binding in a competitive ELISA fell into a much narrower range of values, indicating that protein hydrolysis equalized the accessibility of the antibody to bind the epitope on these various derivatized proteins. In summary, a cyclic fluorescent adduct of defined structure has been identified as the epitope recognized by our MAA adduct antibody. In addition to this specific adduct, MAA adducts are also comprised of other nonfluorescent products.
Synthesis of a Ferrolite: A Zeolitic All‐Iron Framework (2016)

Crystals of the first sodalite-type zeolite containing an all-iron framework, a ferrolite, Ba<sub>8</sub> (Fe<sub>12</sub> O<sub>24</sub> )Na<sub>y</sub> (OH)<sub>6</sub> ⋅x H<sub>2</sub> O, were synthesized using the hydroflux method in nearly quantitative yield. Ba<sub>8</sub> (Fe<sub>12</sub> O<sub>24</sub> )Na<sub>y</sub> (OH)<sub>6</sub> ⋅x H<sub>2</sub> O crystallizes in the cubic space group Pm3‾m with a=10.0476(1) Å. Slightly distorted FeO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra are linked to form Fe<sub>4</sub> O<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sub>6</sub> O<sub>6</sub> rings, which in turn yield channels and internal cavities that are characteristic of the sodalite structure. Barium, sodium, and hydroxide ions and water molecules are found in the channels and provide charge balance. Magnetic measurements indicate that the ferrolite exhibits magnetic order up to at least 700 K, with the field-cooled and zero-field-cooled curves diverging. Analysis of the <sup>57</sup> Fe Mössbauer spectra revealed two spectral components that have equal spectral areas, indicating the presence of two subsets of iron centers in the structure. Dehydrated versions of the ferrolite were also prepared by heating the sample.
A Music Information Retrieval System Based On Singing Voice Timbre. (2007)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
A directionally adaptive edge anti-aliasing filter (2009)

The latest generation of graphics hardware provides direct access to multisample anti-aliasing (MSAA) rendering data. By taking advantage of these existing pixel subsample values, an intelligent reconstruction filter can be computed using programmable GPU shader units. This paper describes an adaptive anti-aliasing (AA) filter for real-time rendering on the GPU. Improved quality is achieved by using information from neighboring pixel samples to compute both an approximation of the gradient of primitive edges and the final pixel color.
Pore Characteristics for Efficient CO<sub>2</sub> Storage in Hydrated Carbons (2019)

Development of new approaches for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) capture is important in both scientific and technological aspects. One of the emerging methods in CO<sub>2</sub> capture research is based on the use of gas-hydrate crystallization in confined porous media. Pore dimensions and surface functionality of the pores play important roles in the efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> capture. In this report, we summarize work on several porous carbons (PCs) that differ in pore dimensions that range from supermicropores to mesopores, as well as surfaces ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Water was imbibed into the PCs, and the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake performance, in dry and hydrated forms, was determined at pressures of up to 54 bar to reveal the influence of pore characteristics on the efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage. The final hydrated carbon materials had H<sub>2</sub>O-to-carbon weight ratios of 1.5:1. Upon CO<sub>2</sub> capture, the H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> molar ratio was found to be as low as 1.8, which indicates a far greater CO<sub>2</sub> capture capacity in hydrated PCs than ordinarily seen in CO<sub>2</sub>-hydrate formations, wherein the H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> ratio is 5.72. Our mechanistic proposal for attainment of such a low H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> ratio within the PCs is based on the finding that most of the CO<sub>2</sub> is captured in gaseous form within micropores of diameter <2 nm, wherein it is blocked by external CO<sub>2</sub>-hydrate formations generated in the larger mesopores. Therefore, to have efficient high-pressure CO<sub>2</sub> capture by this mechanism, it is necessary to have PCs with a wide pore size distribution consisting of both micropores and mesopores. Furthermore, we found that hydrated microporous or supermicroporous PCs do not show any hysteretic CO<sub>2</sub> uptake behavior, which indicates that CO<sub>2</sub> hydrates cannot be formed within micropores of diameter 1-2 nm. Alternatively, mesoporous and macroporous carbons can accommodate higher yields of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrates, which potentially limits the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake capacity in those larger pores to a H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> ratio of 5.72. We found that high nitrogen content prevents the formation of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrates presumably due to their destabilization and associated increase in system entropy via stronger noncovalent interactions between the nitrogen functional groups and H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub>.
Beamforming codebook compensation for beam squint with channel capacity constraint (2017)

Analog beamforming with phased arrays is a promising technique for 5G wireless communication in millimeter wave bands. A beam focuses on a small range of angles of arrival or departure and corresponds to a set of fixed phase shifts across frequency due to practical hardware constraints. In switched beamforming, a discrete codebook consisting of multiple beams is used to cover a larger angle range. However, for sufficiently large bandwidth, the gain provided by the phased array is frequency dependent even if the radiation pattern of the antenna elements is frequency independent, an effect called beam squint. This paper shows that the beam squint reduces channel capacity of a uniform linear array (ULA). The beamforming codebook is designed to compensate for the beam squint by imposing a channel capacity constraint. For example, our codebook design algorithm can improve the channel capacity by 17.8% for a ULA with 64 antennas operating at bandwidth of 2.5 GHz and carrier frequency of 73 GHz. Analysis and numerical examples suggest that a denser codebook is required to compensate for the beam squint compared to the case without beam squint. Furthermore, the effect of beam squint is shown to increase as bandwidth increases, and the beam squint limits the bandwidth given the number of antennas in the array.
Policies for temporal placement control of video frames in B-ISDN networks (2002)

Proposes a new method of traffic smoothing for frames of different video sources. The authors assume that each video source transmits frames at fixed intervals and that the network is free to decide the relative temporal spacing of video frames from different sources. They propose three control policies (two heuristic and one based on an optimization problem via some Fourier analysis). These are compared against the case in which the video frames from different sources are randomly distributed (i.e., no control is exercised). They show that significant performance advantages accrue if one controls the temporal placement of the video frames from different sources.
Domain Decomposition by the Advancing-Partition Method (2013)

A new method of domain decomposition has been developed for generating unstructured grids in subdomains either sequentially or using multiple computers in parallel. Domain decomposition is a crucial and challenging step for parallel grid generation. Prior methods are generally based on auxiliary, complex, and computationally intensive operations for defining partition interfaces and usually produce grids of lower quality than those generated in single domains. The new technique, referred to as "Advancing Partition," is based on the Advancing-Front method, which partitions a domain as part of the volume mesh generation in a consistent and "natural" way. The benefits of this approach are: 1) the process of domain decomposition is highly automated, 2) partitioning of domain does not compromise the quality of the generated grids, and 3) the computational overhead for domain decomposition is minimal. The new method has been implemented in NASA's unstructured grid generation code VGRID.
Preparation of fermented soymilk curd with commercial proteinases. (1989)

Soymilk curd was prepared by using three kinds of proteinases having soymilk-clotting activity (subtilisin, thermolysin and bromelain) as a coagulant followed by lactic acid fermentation. Among these fermented soymilk curds, the curd made with thermolysin showed a little higher moisture content than the others. On the other hand, the curd made with bromelain had a little higher protein recovery and yield than the others. In order to estimate the extent of proteolysis in fermented soymilk curd, analyses were made on electrophoretic patterns, the ratio of water soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen, and free amino acid content. The results of these experiments showed that thermolysin and subtilisin hydolyzed the protein in fermented soymilk curd more than bromelain did. None of the soymilk curd which was fermented for 2 weeks developed bitterness or rancidity. The fermented soymilk curd made with thermolysin was slightly superior in texture (smoothness) to that made with the others. The results of this study suggest that thermolysin, as compared with subtilisin and bromelain, is more suitable for making fermented soymilk curd with respect to proteolysis and texture (smoothness).
Generation of Organic Isocyanates from Amines, Carbon Dioxide, and Electrophilic Dehydrating Agents (1996)

Isocyanates are produced on the billions of pounds scale annually and are generated almost exclusively via phosgenation technology. The reaction of an amine with phosgene has several drawbacks, including the high toxicity of phosgene and the generation of HCl. The use of carbon dioxide as a phosgene replacement has been explored, and conditions for the highly selective synthesis of isocyanates from carbamate anions (generated from amines and carbon dioxide) have been found using various "dehydrating agents". One of the goals is not only to eliminate the use of phosgene in the production of isocyanates but also to eliminate salt waste. The initial results will be presented along these lines by the use of recyclable dehydrating agents.
Total Synthesis of the Carbohydrate Fragments of Esperamicin A<sub>1</sub> (1992)

In optically active form the two carbohydrate fragments of the enediyne anti-cancer antibiotic esperamicin A (1) were obtained. Both were also equipped with protecting groups suitable for a total synthesis of the natural product.