gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trellis precoding: combined coding, precoding and shaping for intersymbol interference channels (1992)

On a linear Gaussian channel with intersymbol interference (ISI), trellis precoding is a method that achieves the equalization performance of Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) precoding, the coding gain of any known lattice-type coset code, and a considerable shaping gain. Trellis precoding may be viewed as a generalization of trellis shaping to Gaussian ISI channels, or, alternatively, as a generalization of TH precoding, with coded modulation that achieves shaping gain. With trellis precoding channel capacity can be approached essentially as closely on any strictly bandlimited, high signal-to-noise ratio Gaussian channel as on the ideal channel, using the same coding techniques. For first- and second-order FIR and IIR (finite and infinite impulse response) channels, it is shown that shaping gains close to 1 dB can be obtained with a two-dimensional four-state trellis code. Trellis precoding is quite practical whenever channel information is available at the transmitter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discovery of Novel and Long Acting Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonists (2008)

High throughput screening and subsequent optimization led to the discovery of novel quaternary ammonium salts as highly potent muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists with excellent selectivity. Compounds 8a, 13a, and 13b showed excellent inhibitory activity and long duration of action in bronchoconstriction in vivo models in two species via intranasal or intratracheal administration. The novel inhaled muscarinic receptor antagonists are potentially useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other bronchoconstriction disorders.
Novel monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme immunoassay for determining plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity (2006)

BACKGROUND: ADAMTS13 specifically cleaves unusually large von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers, which induce platelet thrombi formation under high shear stress. ADAMTS13 activity is deficient in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The determination of plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity is a prerequisite for a differential diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathies. Here, a unique and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of ADAMTS13 activity is described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: ADAMTS13 hydrolyzes the peptide bond between Y1605 and M1606 of VWF. In this assay, a recombinant fusion protein (GST‐VWF73‐His) is used as a substrate. A panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that specifically recognizes Y1605, which is the C‐terminal edge residue of the VWF‐A2 domain and is generated by the enzymatic cleavage, has been produced. These antibodies were prepared with a synthetic decapeptide, termed N‐10 (1596‐DREQAPNLVY‐1605), as the immunogen. Twenty‐six clones specific to N10 were obtained, and one anti‐N10 MoAb was used in this study. RESULTS: With horseradish peroxidase–conjugated anti‐N10 MoAb, a standard enzyme assay was established. This assay was highly sensitive, and the detection limit was 0.5 percent of the normal. Further, an inhibitor of ADAMTS13 was measured to a level of 0.1 Bethesda units per mL. ADAMTS13 activity was measured in 20 patients with Upshaw‐Schulman syndrome, a congenital TTP, and 61 acquired TTP patients. The activity measured by this assay and by the classic VWF multimer assay showed high correlation. CONCLUSION: A convenient and highly sensitive EIA for ADAMTS13 activity has been established. This assay can be introduced for routine laboratory work in transfusion medicine.
Succinic Acids as Potent Inhibitors of Plasmid-borne IMP-1 Metallo-β-lactamase (2001)

IMP-1 metallo-beta-lactamase (class B) is a plasmid-borne zinc metalloenzyme that efficiently hydrolyzes beta-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, rendering them ineffective. Because IMP-1 has been found in several clinically important carbapenem-resistant pathogens, there is a need for inhibitors of this enzyme that could protect broad spectrum antibiotics such as imipenem from hydrolysis and thus extend their utility. We have identified a series of 2,3-(S,S)-disubstituted succinic acids that are potent inhibitors of IMP-1. Determination of high resolution crystal structures and molecular modeling of succinic acid inhibitor complexes with IMP-1 has allowed an understanding of the potency, stereochemistry, and structure-activity relationships of these inhibitors.
Design Considerations for 1.06-<tex>$mu$</tex>m InGaAsP–InP Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes (2006)

For Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, the two most important performance metrics for most applications are dark count rate (DCR) and photon detection efficiency (PDE). In 1.06-mum separate-absorber-avalanche (multiplier) InP-based devices, the primary sources of dark counts are tunneling through defect levels in the InP avalanche region and thermal generation in the InGaAsP absorber region. PDE is the probability that a photon will be absorbed (quantum efficiency) times the probability that the electron-hole pair generated will actually cause an avalanche. A device model based on experimental data that can simultaneously predict DCR and PDE as a function of overbias and temperature is presented. This model has been found useful in predicting changes in performance as various device parameters, such as avalanche layer thickness, are modified. This has led to designs that are capable simultaneously of low DCR and high PDE
Gallium Nitride Diode Lasers Fueling the Fusion of Illumination, Sensing, and Communication (2022)

We present a new class of light sources based on semipolar gallium nitride laser diodes. By combining highefficiency blue laser diodes with phosphors, LaserLight white light sources offer 10–100X higher brightness than LEDs and fuse illumination with sensing and communication for the future of lighting.
Text Input to Handheld Devices for People with Physical Disabilities (2018)

There has been little study of how to adapt handheld devices for use by people with physical disabilities. We found that the tiny stylus keyboards on PalmOS devices work well for some people with Muscular Dystrophy, who tend to have good accuracy but little strength or range of motion. However, for people with other disabilities, such as Cerebral Palsy, Parkinson's Disease and other neuro-muscular disorders, accuracy is a problem. Text entry is also difficult on handhelds for able-bodied users some situations, such as when using small mobile devices while walking or riding. The EdgeWrite text entry technique is a new design which provides better stability of motion due to tracing along physical edges, ease of learning due to the similarity of its letters to Roman characters, and a simple implementation on a wide variety of input devices. Studies suggest that EdgeWrite works well when implemented for use with a stylus on a handheld device, a joystick on a power wheelchair or a videogame controller, and for a touchpad on a desktop computer. Future implementations will explore desktop text entry using a trackball and mobile phone text entry using tactile bumps.
Plutonium NDA by thermal fluxmetry (1987)

Quantitative nondestructive assay (NDA) measurements of calorific materials by calorimetry often encounter, in the case of samples with a volume {approx}1l or more, the difficulty of long measurement times. Nondestructive measurements at industrial production sites can sometimes be regarded as satisfactory, even with measurements that might carry a higher uncertainty, provided that the long measurement times can be significantly reduced. With this in mind, the authors have developed a spider-like thermal flux-meter for making quick nondestructive measurements of thermal powers up to 20 W for sample containers with a volume between 0.5 and 10l. The Fluxmeters developed are constructionally adapted to several different types of measurement features. The authors describe three types of fluxmeters that are suitable for rapid measurement times and have accuracies from 1 to a few percent for storage recesses or production facilities in the paper. Usually 5 to 8, and up to 25, fluxmeters are working simultaneously to reduce the mean measurement duration for a sample. The paper presents the results of an inventory control period involving the measurement of several hundred containers within 3 days by a three-man team.
A Pneumococcal Protein That Elicits Interleukin‐8 from Pulmonary Epithelial Cells (2000)

To understand how neutrophils are recruited to the lung in pneumococcal pneumonia, the ability of pneumococcal components to elicit the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 from monolayers of cultured human type II cells was assessed. Heat-killed clinical and laboratory strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and secreted proteins from exponentially growing pneumococci elicited significant quantities of IL-8 from A549 cells. All strains that elicited IL-8 production secreted a protein ( approximately 90 kDa) that comigrated on SDS-PAGE with a C3-binding protein previously identified in S. pneumoniae. As little as 7 pmol of the purified 90-kDa protein readily elicited levels of IL-8 production equivalent to those obtained with 1 U of IL-1alpha. Supernatant proteins and heat-killed cells of an isogenic mutant that failed to produce the C3-binding protein elicited significantly less IL-8 than did supernatant proteins or heat-killed cells of the parent strain. These results implicate the C3-binding protein of S. pneumoniae in a novel pathway of pulmonary inflammation.
Development of Antibodies to PspA Families 1 and 2 in Children after Exposure to <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2008)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PspA exists as two major families, which include variable but serologically cross-reactive proteins. Previous studies with a family 1 PspA antigen suggested that children develop low concentrations of anti-PspA after pneumococcal carriage or infection. In this study, antibody to PspA families 1 and 2 was measured by an enzyme immunoassay of the serum and saliva of children with a history of culture-proven pneumococcal colonization and/or acute otitis media and in the serum and saliva of adults. The PspA families of the pneumococcal strains isolated from children were determined. The majority of the children had high serum and salivary anti-PspA concentrations to the PspA family they had encountered and low concentrations to the other, whereas adults had high antibody concentrations to both PspA families, both in serum and in saliva. The results suggest that children have a relatively family-specific antibody response to the PspA family they have been exposed to and that any PspA vaccine for children should contain members of both major PspA families.
Cider (2014)

We present Cider, an operating system compatibility architecture that can run applications built for different mobile ecosystems, iOS or Android, together on the same smartphone or tablet. Cider enhances the domestic operating system, Android, of a device with kernel-managed, per-thread personas to mimic the application binary interface of a foreign operating system, iOS, enabling it to run unmodified foreign binaries. This is accomplished using a novel combination of binary compatibility techniques including two new mechanisms: compile-time code adaptation, and diplomatic functions. Compile-time code adaptation enables existing unmodified foreign source code to be reused in the domestic kernel, reducing implementation effort required to support multiple binary interfaces for executing domestic and foreign applications. Diplomatic functions leverage per-thread personas, and allow foreign applications to use domestic libraries to access proprietary software and hardware interfaces. We have built a Cider prototype, and demonstrate that it imposes modest performance overhead and runs unmodified iOS and Android applications together on a Google Nexus tablet running the latest version of Android.
N-fluoropyridinium pyridine heptafluorodiborate: a useful fluorinating agent (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-fluoropyridinium pyridine heptafluorodiborate: a useful fluorinating agentA. J. Poss, M. Van der Puy, D. Nalewajek, G. A. Shia, W. J. Wagner, and R. L. FrenetteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 20, 5962–5964Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00020a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00020a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views599Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and fabrication of segmented, slotted waveguides for electro-optic modulation (2007)

Recently, slotted waveguides have been used in conjunction with second order nonlinear optical polymers to provide a platform for electro-optic modulation at telecommunication frequencies. A challenge with these devices is the need to provide high-frequency electrical driving signals to the slots. The silicon resistivity must be high to reduce optical loss, and as a result electrical performance can be severely limited. We have designed and fabricated a class of waveguide that achieves quasicontinuous electrical contact with subwavelength segmentations and has low optical losses of 4dB∕cm, allowing both millimeter-wave and optical fields to be concentrated in the same area.
Treatment with a Laminin-Derived Peptide Suppresses Lupus Nephritis (2005)

The role of DNA as the target for pathogenic lupus autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus is equivocal and renal damage may be due to cross-reactivity of lupus Abs with glomerular components. We have previously shown that lupus autoantibodies bind to the laminin component of the extracellular matrix. In the present work, we have analyzed the fine specificity of the interaction of pathogenic murine lupus autoantibodies with this molecule and the effect of inhibiting their binding to laminin during the course of the disease. We have found that pathogenic murine lupus autoantibodies react with a 21-mer peptide located in the globular part of the alpha-chain of laminin. Immunization of young lupus-prone mice with this peptide accelerated renal disease. Analysis of transgenic, congenic, and RAG-1(-/-) mice confirmed the importance of this epitope in the pathogenesis of lupus renal disease. We have synthesized a panel of peptides that cross-react with the anti-laminin Abs and have found that the binding of lupus autoantibodies to the extracellular matrix could be inhibited in vitro by some of these competitive peptides. Treatment of MRL/lpr/lpr mice with these peptides prevented Ab deposition in the kidneys, ameliorated renal disease, and prolonged survival of the peptide-treated mice. We suggest that laminin components can serve as the target for lupus Abs. The interaction with these Ags can explain both the tissue distribution and the immunopathological findings in lupus. Moreover, inhibition of autoantibody binding to the extracellular matrix can lead to suppression of disease.
Packaging Dissimilar Materials for Microfluidic Applications (2002)

In this paper we address the problem of assembling several different microfluidic devices, often made from different materials, into a hybrid packaged system. The focus will be on integration of silicon microfluidic die into larger hybrid systems. Details of three different approaches are presented: 1) a plastic flow manifold with tape die attach, 2) multiple capillary die insertion utilizing PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane – silicone adhesive) for sealing and structural support, and 3) die attachment to a glass flow manifold utilizing anodic bonding. The unique tools required for each of these three techniques will be described. Sealed microfluidic connections (&gt;10 ATM pressure) between silicon microfluidic chips (die) and flow manifolds are demonstrated.
Improved Synthesis of Bis(borano)hypophosphite Salts (2010)

A synthesis of the bis(borano)hypophosphite anion with various counterions has been developed to make use of more benign and commercially available reagents. This method avoids the use of potentially dangerous reagents used by previous methods and gives the final products in good yield. Details of the crystal structure determination of the sodium salt in space group Ama2 are given using a novel computational technique combined with Rietveld refinement.
Intraventricular Electrogram Analysis for Ventricular Tachycardia Detection: Statistical Validation (1990)

Time-domain analysis of intraventricular electrogram morphology during ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation (SR/AF) has been proposed as a method for increasing the specificity of pathological tachycardia detection by antitachycardia devices. However, few studies have validated the use of such analysis with statistical methods. When statistical methods have been utilized, it has been assumed that the distribution of the values derived from analysis of the intracardiac electrograms have had a normal (gaussian) distribution. In this study, we sought to determine whether: (1) the distribution of values derived from analysis of intracardiac electrogram during SR/AF and VT is gaussian or nongaussian; and (2) the discrimination of monomorphic VT from SR/AF using SR/AF templates can be validated statistically. Two previously proposed time-domain methods--correlation waveform analysis (CWA) and area of difference (AD)--were selected for evaluation of 29 patients with 33 distinct, sustained monomorphic VTs. An initial SR/AF template was used to analyze subsequent SR/AF and VT passages with a minimum of 50 consecutive depolarizations using a "best-fit" alignment. The values derived from each analysis were examined subsequently for skewness (asymmetry) and kurtosis (shape) using two-tailed tests (P less than 0.02). For passages of SR/AF, a normal (gaussian) distribution was present in only 24% (CWA), and 45% (AD); for passages of VT, normal distribution was present in only 58% for both CWA and AD. Using appropriate statistical testing with nonparametric tolerance intervals, CWA and AD discriminated VT from SR/AF in 29 out of 33 (88%), and 30 out of 33 (91%) instances, respectively, with 95% confidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wound healing potential of topical bacteriophage therapy on diabetic cutaneous wounds (2013)

Chronic wounds that fail to heal are a common complication of diabetes mellitus and the most common precipitating reason for nontraumatic lower limb amputation. Unfortunately, the bacterial species that cause these infections are becoming more resistant to antibiotics, making them increasingly difficult to treat. We assessed the feasibility of combating chronic bacterial infections with a topically delivered bacteriophage cocktail in two animal models of diabetes mellitus. Microbiological, planimetric, and histological parameters were compared in debrided infected wounds with or without topical bacteriophage treatment. We determined that bacteriophage treatment effectively decreased bacterial colony counts and improved wound healing, as indicated by smaller epithelial and dermal gaps, in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections but was not as effective against Acinetobacter baumannii. Although the improvements were more significant in the rodent model than in the porcine model, our results suggest that topically administered bacteriophage treatment may be effective in resolving chronic infections, especially when applied in conjunction with wound debridement. These findings have important implications for the feasibility of using topical antimicrobial therapies to safely treat chronic infections in diabetes mellitus patients.
InAlAsSb/InGaSb double heterojunction bipolar transistor (2004)

In this paper we report on the development of an npn double bipolar transistor with an InGaSb base and InAlAsSb alloys for the emitter and collector. The combination of alloys with a lattice constant of 6.2 a is illustrated. Silvaco simulation indicate that large collector currents, I/sub c/, are possible with this system at smaller base emitter voltages, V/sub BE/, than are measured in the InP based HBT. An important advantage of this system is that the conduction band offset between the InGaSb base and the InAlAsSb may be tuned over a large range while maintaining large valence band offsets that are useful for minimizing parasitic base currents.
Abstract 2829: Preclinical characterization of TKM-080301, a lipid nanoparticle formulation of a small interfering RNA directed against polo-like kinase 1 (2011)

Abstract Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have tremendous potential for the selective inhibition, or ‘silencing’, of genes involved in cancer cell growth and division. This inhibition occurs through a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a target that has multiple critical roles in cell cycle regulation and cytokinesis. Here we describe the preclinical characterization of TKM-080301, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation of an siRNA directed against human PLK1 mRNA. Studies were performed to assess the in vitro pharmacologic activity and inherent immune stimulatory potential of various siRNAs. PLK1 siRNA formulated in LNP resulted in potent anti-proliferative activity and gene-specific silencing in many cancer cell lines; and TKM-080301 exhibited strong anti-tumor activity in several xenograft models of human cancer, including tumors implanted intra-hepatically and subcutaneously. RNAi and the intended pharmacologic effects were confirmed in these models by histopathology, to visualize mitotic disruption, and by molecular methods, to confirm the presence of the RNAi-induced PLK1 mRNA cleavage product, the degree of PLK1 silencing relative to housekeeping genes, and the duration of silencing. In vivo, PLK1 silencing persisted for up to 7-10 days after a single administration and, importantly, occurred in the absence of any measurable stimulation of the innate immune system. Finally, unlike most small molecule PLK1 inhibitors, which are highly myelosuppresive, the toxicity profile of TKM-080301 was governed by the distribution profile of the LNP and toxicity was largely restricted to the liver and spleen. Collectively, these studies support the clinical evaluation of TKM-080301 as a new approach to targeting PLK1 in solid tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2829. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2829