gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial mapping of dynamic cerebral autoregulation by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy in high-grade carotid artery disease (2014)

The exact spatial distribution of impaired cerebral autoregulation in carotid artery disease is unknown. In this pilot study, we present a new approach of multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (mcNIRS) for non-invasive spatial mapping of dynamic autoregulation in carotid artery disease. In 15 patients with unilateral severe carotid artery stenosis or occlusion, cortical hemodynamics in the bilateral frontal cortex were assessed from changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration using 52-channel NIRS (spatial resolution ∼2 cm). Dynamic autoregulation was graded by the phase shift between respiratory-induced 0.1 Hz oscillations of blood pressure and oxyhemoglobin. Ten of 15 patients showed regular phase values in the expected (patho) physiological range.Five patients had clearly outlying irregular phase values mostly due to artifacts. In patients with a regular phase pattern, a significant side-to-side difference of dynamic autoregulation was observed for the cortical border zone area between the middle and anterior cerebral artery (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dynamic cerebral autoregulation can be spatially assessed from slow hemodynamic oscillations with mcNIRS. In high-grade carotid artery disease,cortical dynamic autoregulation is affected mostly in the vascular border zone. Spatial mapping of dynamic autoregulation may serve as a powerful tool for identifying brain regions at specific risks for hemodynamic infarction.
Nanocarrier Cross-Linking Density and pH Sensitivity Regulate Intracellular Gene Transfer (2009)

Treatment of diseases on the molecular level by genetic material is limited by effective delivery mechanisms. We focused on the synthesis of a pH-sensitive gene delivery vehicle based on dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with tunable swelling, cross-linking density, and DNA release kinetics within the endosomal pH range. Our strategy, which utilized a single step for DNA encapsulation, enhanced gene transfection efficiency and reduced cytotoxicity relative to polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly-L-lysine (PLL).
Brain peptides and glial growth. II. Identification of cells that secrete glia-promoting factors. (1986)

Glia-promoting factors (GPFs) are brain peptides which stimulate growth of specific macroglial populations in vitro. To identify the cellular sources of GPFs, we examined enriched brain cell cultures and cell lines derived from the nervous system for the production of growth factors. Ameboid microglia secreted astroglia-stimulating peptides, while growing neurons were the best source of the oligodendroglia-stimulating factors. These secretion products co-purified by gel filtration, anion exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with GPFs isolated from goldfish and rat brain. Our findings suggest that glial growth in the central nervous system is regulated in part by a signaled release of peptides from specific secretory cells.
Mass Transport in Gas‐Diffusion Electrodes: A Diagnostic Tool for Fuel‐Cell Cathodes (1998)

Two mathematical models of gas‐diffusion electrodes, one for liquid electrolytes and one for ion‐exchange polymer electrolytes, are presented to investigate the effects of mass‐transport limitations on the polarization characteristics of a reaction obeying Tafel kinetics. The focus is on low‐temperature fuel‐cell cathodes, and in particular, contrasting two limiting cases that may be encountered at high current densities: control by kinetics and dissolved oxygen mass transport vs. control by kinetics and ionic mass transport. It is shown that two distinct double Tafel slopes may arise from these two limiting cases. The former is first order, and the latter is half‐order with respect to oxygen concentration. How the modeling results may be applied to diagnose the performance of fuel‐cell cathodes is also presented. Since the ionic‐mass‐transport‐limited case has generally been neglected in previous gas‐diffusion electrode models, specific examples of fuel‐cell cathode data from the literature which display the behavior predicted by the models in this case are given and briefly discussed.
Unilateral vagus nerve stimulation improves ventricular autonomic nerve distribution and functional imbalance in a canine heart failure model. (2015)

Unilateral vagus nerve stimulation increased vagus nerve activity, slowed heart rate, recovered autonomic nerve homogeneity and function imbalance, and improved heart function in HF.
Transdermal Evaporation Drug Delivery System: Concept to Commercial Products (2018)

Since two decades or so transdermal route established itself as better alternative to traditional oral route. This is possible due to continuous innovations in transdermal drug delivery (TDD), which not only enables researchers from academia and industry to successfully develop and launch many new pharmaceuticals but also allow to include new classes of drugs that can be developed into transdermal formulations. These successes are achieved due to the use of novel techniques based on either physical or chemical approaches. However, both of these techniques suffer due to their own disadvantages. Comparatively, a simple method of supersaturation to enhance drug permeation across skin has created a new wave of interest. Even though the application supersaturated principle in topical and TDD has been used from 1960s, but proper control of drug release and formation of stable supersaturated states has been the core of intense research in the last decade. Out of various methods used to get supersaturated system, evaporation method is considered as most efficient and practically feasible for TDD. Therefore, in this review concept of supersaturation, selection of solvent system and the mechanism of inhibition of crystallization are discussed. Application of evaporation systems in the development of transdermal formulations such as solutions, semisolids and metered dose therapeutic systems (MDTS) and the commercial evaporative systems are also discussed in this review.
Removal of Nickel and Cadmium Ions from Wastewater by Sorptive Flotation: Single and Binary systems (2023)

The removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by sorptive flotation using Amberlite IR120 as a resin, and flotation column, was investigated. A combined two-stage process is proposed as an alternative of the heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions. The first stage is the sorption of heavy metals onto Amberlite IR120 followed by dispersed-air flotation. The sorption of metal ions on the resin, depending on contact time, pH, resin dosage, and initial metal concentration was studied in batch method .Various parameters such as pH, air flow rate, and surfactant concentration were investigated in the flotation stage. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) were used as anionic and cationic surfactant respectively. The sorption process, which is PH dependent, shows maximum removal of metal ions at pH 7. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm expressions were found to give both a good fit to the experimental data. Kinetic data correlated well with Lagergren second order kinetic model, and flotation step enhanced the removal efficiency of nickel and cadmium from wastewater from about 75% to 94% and reduce turbidity so it can dispense with the filtering process, which is expensive technology. It is believed that flotation separation has great potential as a clean water and wastewater treatment technology.
Design of a high voltage fully differential driver for a double axis scanning micromirror (2009)

The design of a high voltage fully differential driver in a 0.18 mum Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology for the actuation of a double axis scanning micromirror is presented. The proposed circuit has a driving voltage capability up to 25 V and a low Total Harmonic Distortion in order to prevent the excitation of unwanted micromirror's higher resonating modes. This design features a low voltage input stage and a programmable output common mode voltage. After a description of the circuit, results of simulations performed with an equivalent electrical model of the micromirror are presented.
<scp>FEATURES:</scp> Real‐time adaptive feature and document learning for web search (2001)

Abstract In this article we report our research on building FEATURES —an intelligent web search engine that is able to perform real‐time adaptive feature (i.e., keyword) and document learning. Not only does FEATURES learn from the user's document relevance feedback, but it also automatically extracts and suggests indexing keywords relevant to a search query and learns from the user's keyword relevance feedback so that it is able to speed up its search process and to enhance its search performance. We design two efficient and mutual‐benefiting learning algorithms that work concurrently, one for feature learning and the other for document learning. FEATURES employs these algorithms together with an internal index database and a real‐time meta‐searcher to perform adaptive real‐time learning to find desired documents with as little relevance feedback from the user as possible. The architecture and performance of FEATURES are also discussed.
Analysis of immune complexes of cerebrospinal fluid by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (1989)

From the cerebrospinal fluid of 32 patients with different neurological diseases immune complexes were isolated using protein A-Sepharose. The isolated heavy and light chains and their constituents were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In addition to immunoglobulins, some proteins such as albumin, apolipoprotein A-I and a number of unknown proteins were detected in all preparations. A complex consisting of three proteins with molecular masses between 52-55 kDa reacted slightly with polyclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein. Whether the linkage between these antigens and the Ig is due to the Fab region or the Fc region remains unknown in our study. In some immune complexes of neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, astrocytoma and multiple sclerosis, differences are easily recognizable in the gel pattern.
A High-Resolution PET Demonstrator using a Silicon “Magnifying Glass” (2012)

To assist ongoing investigations of the limits of the tradeoff between spatial resolution and noise in PET imaging, several PET instruments based on silicon-pad detectors have been developed. The latest is a segment of a dual-ring device to demonstrate that excellent reconstructed image resolution can be achieved with a scanner that uses high-resolution detectors placed close to the object of interest or surrounding a small field-of-view in combination with detectors having modest resolution at larger radius. The outer ring of our demonstrator comprises conventional BGO block detectors scavenged from a clinical PET scanner and located at a 500mm radius around a 50mm diameter field-of-view. The inner detector-in contrast to the high-Z scintillator typically used in PET-is based on silicon-pad detectors located at 70mm nominal radius. Each silicon detector has 512 1.4mm x 1.4mm x 1mm detector elements in a 16 x 32 array and is read out using VATA GP7 ASICs (Gamma Medica-Ideas, Northridge, CA). Even though virtually all interactions of 511 keV annihilation photons in silicon are Compton-scatter, both high spatial resolution and reasonable sensitivity appears possible. The system has demonstrated resolution of ~0.7mm FWHM with Na-22 for coincidences having the highest intrinsic resolution (silicon-silicon) and 5-6mm FWHM for the lowest resolution BGO-BGO coincidences. Spatial resolution for images reconstructed from the mixed silicon-BGO coincidences is ~1.5mm FWHM demonstrating the "magnifying-glass" concept.
Understanding NMR spectroscopy (2006)

Detailed notes accompanying a graduate course given in 2002 for the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine. This course is aimed at those who are already familiar with using NMR on a day-to-day basis, but who wish to deepen their understanding of how NMR experiments work and the theory behind them. It will be assumed that you are familiar with the concepts of chemical shifts and couplings, and are used to interpreting proton and 13C spectra. It will also be assumed that you have at least come across simple two-dimensional spectra such as COSY and HMQC, and perhaps may have used such spectra in the course of your work. Similarly, some familiarity with the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) will be assumed.
An Evanescent-mode Cavity Resonator Based Thermal Sensor (2007)

This paper reports the use of an evanescent-mode cavity resonator as a temperature sensor. The frequency loading is achieved by a capacitive post in the center of the cavity confining the electric field in a small volume. The resonant frequency of a loaded evanescent-mode cavity is related to the capacitance of the loading mechanism. As a sensing mechanism, a rectangular array of thermally actuated bilayered microcantilever beams on a silicon substrate has been fabricated using conventional microfabrication processes and placed inside the resonator. A temperature change causes the microcantilevers to deflect, changing the parasitic capacitance of the cavity and hence the resonant frequency of the resonator. Loaded microwave cavities have been fabricated using a layer by layer stereolithographic process and then metallized. The Si hosting the cantilevers is attached to the cavity. The resonant frequency of the sensor is monitored as a function of temperature and varies from 11.34 GHz at room temperature to 12 GHz at 90degC. At room temperature, the sensor has a temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of 0.029%/degC.
Mechanics of Inflatable Fabric Beams (2008)

In this paper we present a summary of the behaviour of inflatable fabric beams. Analytical studies on inflatable fabric beams are presented and inflatable fabric beam finite elements are described. The stiffness matrixes take into account the inflation pressure. Shakedown analysis is used to calculate limit loads of inflatable fabric beams. Results on the dynamic behaviour of inflatable beams are finally displayed.
AuI and AgI Complexes with Tertiary Phosphines and Perfluorinated Carboxylates as Precursors for CVD of Gold and Silver (2000)

Gold is an excellent contact, connect, and wiring material for microelectronic devices,while silver is of interest for optics, superconducting, and magnetic applications. However, the usual precursors for these materials are difficult to synthesize and handle. This work reports on a new group of precursors based on complexes of AuI and AgI with tertiary phosphines and perfluorinated carboxylates. It is shown that the quality of the films obtained depends on the length of the perfluorinated chain as well as the deposition temperature.
Inducing Document Plans for Concept-to-Text Generation (2013)

In a language generation system, a content planner selects which elements must be included in the output text and the ordering between them.Recent empirical approaches perform content selection without any ordering and have thus no means to ensure that the output is coherent.In this paper we focus on the problem of generating text from a database and present a trainable end-to-end generation system that includes both content selection and ordering.Content plans are represented intuitively by a set of grammar rules that operate on the document level and are acquired automatically from training data.We develop two approaches: the first one is inspired from Rhetorical Structure Theory and represents the document as a tree of discourse relations between database records; the second one requires little linguistic sophistication and uses tree structures to represent global patterns of database record sequences within a document.Experimental evaluation on two domains yields considerable improvements over the state of the art for both approaches.
Modulation of markers associated with aggressive phenotype in MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells by sulforaphane. (2009)

Metastasis as a complex process involves loss of adhesion, migration, invasion and proliferation of cancer cells. Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of naturally occurring cancer chemopreventive isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables, consumption of which has been associated with reduced risk of cancer. In this study, we describe effect of SFN on various aspects determining invasive behavior of MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells. We studied modulation of molecules associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxic marker CA IX and mitochondrially located peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) using flow cytometry, gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP1, 3, 7, 9, 14, transcription factors POU5F1 and Twist1 mRNA by RT PCR, and cytokine production by multiplex bead assay. SFN downregulated PBR and vimentin expression in a dose dependent manner, but significantly affected neither HIF-1alpha, nor CA IX protein expression, nor VEGF and GLUT1 mRNA levels. Among studied MMPs, MMP7 and MMP14 mRNA were downregulated while no apparent effect on MMP1, MMP3 and MMP9 was observed. Further, we found significant down regulation of Twist1 and POU5F1, transcription factors that mediate EMT and the self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. SFN reduced also the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, immunomodulating cytokine IL-4 and growth factors involved in angiogenesis PDGF and VEGF. Our study shows that SFN efficacy is associated with the reversal of several biological characteristics connected with EMT or implicated in the matrix degradation and extracellular proteolysis, as well as with reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic growth factors in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Response of 100% internal quantum efficiency silicon photodiodes to 200 eV-40 keV electrons (1997)

Electron irradiation of 100% internal quantum efficiency silicon photodiodes having a thin (60 /spl Aring/) SiO/sub 2/ dead layer results in measured responsivities ranging from 0.056 A/W at an incident electron energy E/sub 0/=0.2 keV to 0.24 A/W at E/sub 0/=40 keV. By comparing the data to a Monte Carlo simulation of electron interactions with the photodiode over an energy range of 1-40 keV, we derive an average electron-hole pair creation energy of 3.71 eV, in close agreement with other studies. Analysis of electron energy lost to processes that do not contribute to electron-hole pair creation shows that the energy lost in the SiO/sub 2/ dead layer is dominant for E/sub 0/<1.5 keV, whereas the energy removed by backscattered electrons is dominant for E/sub 0/>1.5 keV. At E/sub 0/=300 eV, the Monte Carlo simulation results show that the electron projected range is significantly less than the dead layer thickness even though the measured response is 0.082 A/W, indicating that electron-hole pairs generated in the oxide dead layer are collected by the junction.
Ultraviolet curing of epoxy coating on wood surface (1997)

Different formulations were developed with EB-600 (Ebcryl-600), an epoxy acrylate oligomer in the presence of N-vinylpyrrolidone and trimethylol propane triacrylate. Thin films were prepared with these formulated solutions under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These solutions were coated on a low-grade wood substrate (simul) and cured under UV light. Both UV-cured thin films and surface coatings were characterized, and the best formulations for coating wood surface were evaluated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1997–2004, 1997
Nanomechanics of Cation–π Interactions in Aqueous Solution (2013)

The first direct probing of the nanomechanics of cation–π interactions in aqueous media was accomplished by using a surface forces apparatus with complementary theoretical simulations. The tetraethylammonium (TEA) ion breaks the adhesion between poly-L-tryptophan (PTrp) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) with a 100 times higher sensitivity relative to the K+ ion (PS=polystyrene, PTyr=poly-L-tyrosine, and ACh=acetylcholine). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sensitive and specific enzymatic assay for the determination of precursor forms of prostate-specific antigen after an activation step. (2002)

Proforms of PSA are a considerable fraction of free PSA in the blood of patients with increased total PSA. The approach described can be used to study the diagnostic value of proPSA and active PSA in patients with BPH and prostate cancer.
Equilibrium calculations for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas (2010)

Abstract Thermodynamic analysis of single‐step synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas over a bi‐functional catalyst (BFC) in a slurry bed reactor has been investigated as a function of temperature (200–240°C), pressure (20–50 bar), and composition feed ratio (H 2 /CO: 1–2). The BFC was prepared by physical mixing of CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 as a methanol synthesis catalyst and H‐ZSM‐5 as a methanol dehydration catalyst. The three reactions including methanol synthesis from CO and H 2 , methanol dehydration to DME and water–gas shift reaction were chosen as the independent reactions. The equilibrium thermodynamic analysis includes a theoretical model predicting the behaviour and a comparison to experimental results. Theoretical model calculations of thermodynamic equilibrium constants of the reactions and equilibrium composition of all components at different reaction temperature, pressure, and H 2 /CO ratio in feed are in good accordance with experimental values.
Inflammation in Myocardial Diseases (2012)

Inflammatory processes underlie a broad spectrum of conditions that injure the heart muscle and cause both structural and functional deficits. In this article, we address current knowledge regarding 4 common forms of myocardial inflammation: myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, sepsis, viral myocarditis, and immune rejection. Each of these pathological states has its own unique features in pathogenesis and disease evolution, but all reflect inflammatory mechanisms that are partially shared. From the point of injury to the mobilization of innate and adaptive immune responses and inflammatory amplification, the cellular and soluble mediators and mechanisms examined in this review will be discussed with a view that both beneficial and adverse consequences arise in these human conditions.