gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Characterization of a Novel Cyclotronic Plasma Actuator (2020)

A novel axisymmetric device with pulsed spark emission was developed as an active flow control alternative to passive vortex generators. The flowfield induced by the actuator was studied in quiescent flow. The current-voltage characteristics and power requirements of the high-voltage circuit that powered the discharge were detailed at different operating power levels. A descending current-voltage characteristic typical for electric breakdown was identified. Schlieren visualization was used to study the thermal effects of the plasma on the surrounding air. The induced flow velocity close to the actuator face was directly related to the influence of the rotating discharge, whereas the flow farther away from the actuator face was dominated by thermal instabilities. Phase-locked stereoscopic particle image velocimetry data were acquired across seven evenly-spaced planes perpendicular to the surface of the actuator at three different power levels. These data were used to reconstruct three-component volumetric averaged velocity fields. The induced velocity by the plasma discharge was found to increase with supplied power. Two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional isosurfaces were used to describe the induced flow and characterize the vorticity created during actuation. An annular vorticity region was discovered centered above the electrode gap.
Calibration-free sinusoidal rectification and uniform retinal irradiance in scanning light ophthalmoscopy (2014)

Sinusoidal rectification (i.e., desinusoiding) is necessary for scanning imaging systems and is typically achieved by calculating a rectification transform from a calibration image such as a regular grid. This approach is susceptible to error due to electronic or mechanical instability that can alter the phase of the imaging window with respect to the calibration transform. Here, we show a calibration-free rectification method implemented from live video of a scanning light ophthalmoscope (SLO) with or without adaptive optics (AO). This approach, which capitalizes on positional differences in the images obtained in the forward and backward scan directions, dynamically keeps the imaging window in phase with the motion of the sinusoidal resonant scanner, preventing errors from signal drift over time. A benefit of this approach is that it allows the light power across the field-of-view (FOV) to be modulated inversely to achieve uniform irradiance on the retina, a feature desirable for functional imaging methods and light safety in SLOs.
ChemInform Abstract: VINBLASTIN‐23‐OYL AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES: CHEMISTRY, PHYSICOCHEMICAL DATA, TOXICITY, AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES AGAINST P388 AND L1210 LEUKEMIAS (1985)

Abstract Dargestellt und auf Antitunlor‐Aktivität untersucht werden die Verbindungen (l).
Hypocholesterolemic and Hypolipidemic Activity of Some Novel Morpholine Derivatives with Antioxidant Activity (2000)

In this investigation, we study the synthesis and the evaluation of antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activity of a number of 2-biphenylyl morpholine derivatives, which are structurally similar to some substituted morpholines possessing antioxidant activity, as well as to hypocholesterolemic 3-biaryl-quinuclidines. The novel derivatives are found to inhibit the ferrous/ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation of microsomal membrane lipids, the most potent derivative, 2-(4-biphenyl)-4-methyl-octahydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ol (compound 7), having an IC(50) value of 250 microM. In addition, these compounds demonstrate hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic action. The most active compound (7) decreases total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides in plasma of Triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats by 54%, 51%, and 49%, respectively, at 28 micromol/kg (ip). The above results indicate that the new molecules may be proven useful as leads for the design of novel compounds as potentially antiatherogenic factors.
Hybrid Cascade-Type Energy Cell for Harvesting Solar and Mechanical Energy (2016)

This paper presents the first cascade-type compact hybrid energy cell (CHEC) that is capable of simultaneously or individually harvesting solar and strain energies. The CHECs ability is demonstrated by deploying a single 1.0 cm2-sized CHEC to charge a commercial capacitor.
Control of the Lysine Biosynthesis Sequence in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> as Analyzed by Overexpression of the Individual Corresponding Genes (1991)

The gene cluster that codes for feedback-resistant aspartate kinase (lysCalpha and lysCbeta) and aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) was cloned from a mutant strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Its functional analysis by subcloning, enzyme assays, and type of aspartate kinase regulation enabled the isolation of a fragment for separate expression of the feedback-resistant kinase without aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase expression. This was used together with other clones constructed (J. Cremer, L. Eggeling, and H. Sahm, Mol. Gen. Genet. 220:478-480, 1990) to overexpress individually each of the six genes that convert aspartate to lysine. Analysis of lysine formation revealed that overexpression of the feedback-resistant kinase alone suffices to achieve lysine formation (38 mM). Also, sole overexpression of wild-type dihydrodipicolinate synthase resulted in lysine formation but in a lower amount (11 mM). The other four enzymes had no effect on lysine secretion. With a plasmid overexpressing both relevant enzymes together, a further increase in lysine yield was obtained. This shows that of the six enzymes that convert aspartate to lysine the kinase and the synthase are responsible for flow control in the wild-type background and can be useful for construction of lysine-producing strains.
Essential Role of Yl <i>MPO1</i> , a Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Homologue of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN4</i> , in Mannosylphosphorylation of N- and O-Linked Glycans (2010)

Mannosylphosphorylation of N- and O-glycans, which confers negative charges on the surfaces of cells, requires the functions of both MNN4 and MNN6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To identify genes relevant to mannosylphosphorylation in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, the molecular functions of five Y. lipolytica genes showing significant sequence homology with S. cerevisiae MNN4 and MNN6 were investigated. A set of mutant strains in which Y. lipolytica MNN4 and MNN6 homologues were deleted underwent glycan structure analysis. In contrast to S. cerevisiae MNN4 (ScMNN4), the Y. lipolytica MNN4 homologue, MPO1 (YlMPO1), encodes a protein that lacks the long KKKKEEEE repeat domain at its C terminus. Moreover, just a single disruption of YlMPO1 resulted in complete disappearance of the acidic sugar moiety in both the N- and O-linked glycan profiles. In contrast, even quadruple disruption of all ScMNN6 homologues, designated YlKTR1, YlKTR2, YlKTR3, and YlKTR4, resulted in no apparent reduction in acidic sugar moieties. These findings strongly indicate that YlMpo1p performs a significant role in mannosylphosphorylation in Y. lipolytica with no involvement of the Mnn6p homologues. Mutant strains harboring the YlMPO1 gene disruption may serve as useful platforms for engineering Y. lipolytica glycosylation pathways for humanized glycans without any yeast-specific acidic modifications.
A soft ionization method for semivolatile compounds (2015)

This paper presents an improved conditioned glow discharge ionization method, based on Penning ionization by metastable argon atoms at fore-vacuum gas pressures. The afterglow flow passes through a capillary to remove charged species (so called “conditioning”) and then the analyte molecules are mixed with metastable atoms within the throat of a supersonic jet. The method provides exclusively M+. molecular ions accompanied by limited fragmentation, even for alkanes, phthalates, and nitro compounds. When in-source fragmentation is induced, spectra appear similar to NIST ones. The signal is a linear function of concentration within a dynamic range of at least four orders of magnitude and is notably independent on the presence of a chemical matrix. Sensitivity is uniform within a wide range of analyte compounds, including alkanes and fatty acids. A combination of soft ionization, NIST identification of fragment spectra, and quantitative analysis presents a novel opportunity in analytical chemistry. The method may be particularly suitable for the analysis of crude oils and for quantitative metabolomic measurements.
Close-down process scheduling of wafer residence time-constrained multi-cluster tools (2017)

Semiconductor manufacturing industry has adopted multi-cluster tools as wafer fabrication equipment that is extraordinarily pricey but highly attractive owing to their higher productivity than single cluster tools can achieve. A challenging issue is how to schedule these tools. It is especially difficult to schedule their frequently occurring close-down processes subject to wafer residency constraints. Such processes appear frequently as caused by wafer lot switches and preventive and emergency maintenances. They are dynamical and non-cyclic. We analyze the synchronization conditions for multiple robots to perform concurrent activities. Upon these conditions, for the situations that an optimal schedule can be found in the steady state, a linear program model is proposed to find a feasible and optimal schedule for close-down processes. An example shows the application and efficiency of our proposed method.
System Level Applications of Adaptive Computing (SLAAC) (2003)

SLAAC assembled a multidisciplinary team with expertise in signal processing, design tools and adaptive architectures to develop distributed adaptive computing systems (ACS) and methodologies for Defense processing. SLAAC was organized around challenge applications that collectively guided the research, including: Synthetic Aperture Radar/Automatic Target Recognition (SAR/ATR), SONAR Beamforming, Wide-Band RF Receiver Processing Hyperspectral Image Processing, Electronic Counter Measures (ECM), and Infrared ATR. The challenges were selected to stress ACS systems in dimensions of computational density, memory bandwidth and latency, I/O bandwidth, and scalability. SLAAC had technology transitions in SAR, SONAR and ECM.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Using a Small Sample of Topcrossed and F4 Progeny from Maize (1994)

Plant breeders have an interest in the identification of genomic regions associated with the expression of quantitative traits because they recognize that such information could be used to improve realized heritability and reduce time per cycle of selection. The development of molecular marker technologies may provide tools to accomplish these goals. Maize ( Zea mays L.) breeders develop new inbred parents of hybrids through top‐crossed and per se evaluation of numerous quantitative traits in segregating progeny from planned breeding crosses. This study was conducted to determine if regions of the genome associated with variability of agronomicaily important traits could be identified by a small, but typical, sample of top‐crossed and F 2:4 progeny from the cross B73×MO17. We identified genomic regions in 24 agronomic traits, using interval mapping and simultaneous estimation of multiple quantitative trait locus models. The estimated numbers of quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified per trait were about three five. Many of the identified QTL were the same for correlated traits. Interestingly, yield QTL were not in the same regions previously reported for B73×MO17. This comparison contains a number of potential confounding factors: source of parental inbreds, type of progeny, different genotype × environment interaction effects, and different small samples of progeny from the cross. Consideration of these factors and the power of the tests to identify QTL suggests that the sampling of progeny is the most likely explanation for the differences.
Evaluation of anti-TNF therapeutic response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Current and novel biomarkers (2021)

Neutralizing tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies have been widely used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the clinical practice. In this review, the principal biomarker analysis revealed that faecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, serum or mucosal concentrations of anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibodies to anti-TNF mAbs are commonly used as current biomarkers in the evaluation of anti-TNF therapeutic efficacy. However, mucosal cytokine transcripts. microRNAs, proteomics and faecal and mucosal gut microbiota profile and mucosal histological features are reported to be novel candidates of biomarkers with high clinical utility in the evaluation of anti-TNF therapeutic efficacy in patients with IBD. Therefore, a robust validation of novel promising biomarkers and comparison studies between current used and novel biomarkers are urgently required to improve their value in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and optimization of personalized medicine and identification of IBD candidates for anti-TNF therapy in future clinical practice.
Cladding-mode-resonances in air-silica microstructure optical fibers (2000)

We present a comprehensive study of mode propagation in a range of different air-silica microstructured fibers. The inscription of both Bragg and long-period gratings (LPGs) into the photosensitive core region of microstructured air-silica fibers has allowed us to generate complex transmission spectra from a range of fibers with various fill fractions and with increasing air-clad hole diameters. The spectral characteristics for typical air-hole geometry's are explained qualitatively and modeled using beam propagation simulations, where the numerical modeling corroborates the experimental measurements. Specifically, the data reveal the propagation of higher order leaky modes in fibers with periodically spaced air-holes, and relatively small air-fill fraction. And as the air-hole diameter increases, spectra show cladding modes defined solely by the inner air-clad region. We describe these measurements and corresponding simulations and discuss their implications for the understanding of such air-hole structures.
Phase-Change Memory Development Status (2007)

This paper reviews the current development status of phase-change memory (PCM) and discusses the development road map for phase-change memory.
Flash Memory for Ubiquitous Hardware Security Functions: True Random Number Generation and Device Fingerprints (2012)

We demonstrate that unmodified commercial Flash memory can provide two important security functions: true random number generation and digital fingerprinting. Taking advantage of random telegraph noise (a type of quantum noise source in highly scaled Flash memory cells) enables high quality true random number generation at a rate up to 10Kbits / second. A scheme based on partial programming exploits process variation in threshold voltages to allow quick generation of many unique fingerprints that can be used for identification and authentication. Both schemes require no change to Flash chips or interfaces, and do not require additional hardware.
Continuously moving table SENSE imaging (2004)

A combination of continuously moving table imaging and parallel imaging based on sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is presented. One specific geometry is considered, where the receiver array is fixed to the MR magnet and does not move with the table, which allows for head-to-toe imaging with a small total number of coils. Sensitivity maps are defined for the enlarged virtual field of view and are composed according to the k-space sampling scheme such that established parallel reconstruction techniques are applicable to good approximation. In vivo experiments show the feasibility of this approach, and simulations determine the application range. Three-dimensional head-to-toe imaging of volunteers is performed in 77 s with a SENSE reduction factor of 2 in a virtual field of view of 1800 x 460 x 100 mm(3).
Exploration of the Active Site of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by the Design and Synthesis of Pyrrolidinomethyl 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives (2010)

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) represents an important therapeutic target for the prevention of brain injury and the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. A series of trans-substituted amino pyrrolidinomethyl 2-aminopyridine derivatives (8-34) was designed and synthesized. A structure-activity relationship analysis led to the discovery of low nanomolar nNOS inhibitors ((±)-32 and (±)-34) with more than 1000-fold selectivity for nNOS over eNOS. Four enantiomerically pure isomers of 3'-[2''-(3'''-fluorophenethylamino)ethoxy]pyrrolidin-4'-yl}methyl}-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (4) also were synthesized. It was found that (3'R,4'R)-4 can induce enzyme elasticity to generate a new "hot spot" for ligand binding. The inhibitor adopts a unique binding mode, the same as that observed for (3'R,4'R)-3'-[2''-(3'''-fluorophenethylamino)ethylamino]pyrrolidin-4'-yl}methyl}-4-methylpyridin-2-amine ((3'R,4'R)-3) (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132 (15), 5437 - 5442). On the basis of structure-activity relationships of 8-34 and different binding conformations of the cis and trans isomers of 3 and 4, critical structural requirements of the NOS active site for ligand binding are revealed.
Chitosan-platelet-rich plasma implants for tissue repair - in vitro and in vivo characteristics (2016)

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In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO<sub>2</sub>storage (2008)

The rate of natural carbonation of tectonically exposed mantle peridotite during weathering and low-temperature alteration can be enhanced to develop a significant sink for atmospheric CO 2 . Natural carbonation of peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, an uplifted slice of oceanic crust and upper mantle in the Sultanate of Oman, is surprisingly rapid. Carbonate veins in mantle peridotite in Oman have an average 14 C age of ≈26,000 years, and are not 30–95 million years old as previously believed. These data and reconnaissance mapping show that ≈10 4 to 10 5 tons per year of atmospheric CO 2 are converted to solid carbonate minerals via peridotite weathering in Oman. Peridotite carbonation can be accelerated via drilling, hydraulic fracture, input of purified CO 2 at elevated pressure, and, in particular, increased temperature at depth. After an initial heating step, CO 2 pumped at 25 or 30 °C can be heated by exothermic carbonation reactions that sustain high temperature and rapid reaction rates at depth with little expenditure of energy. In situ carbonation of peridotite could consume >1 billion tons of CO 2 per year in Oman alone, affording a low-cost, safe, and permanent method to capture and store atmospheric CO 2 .
Generation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Absence of Exogenous <i>Sox2</i> (2009)

Induced pluripotent stem cell technology has attracted enormous interest for potential application in regenerative medicine. Here, we report that a specific glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, CHIR99021, can induce the reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts transduced by only two factors, Oct4 and Klf4. When combined with Parnate (also named tranylcypromine), an inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1, CHIR99021 can cause the reprogramming of human primary keratinocyte transduced with the two factors, Oct4 and Klf4. To our knowledge, this is the first time that human iPS cells have been generated from somatic cells without exogenous Sox2 expression. Our studies suggest that the GSK-3 inhibitor might have a general application to replace transcription factors in both mouse and human reprogramming.
Isolation, purification, and partial characterization of suppressin, a novel inhibitor of cell proliferation. (1990)

Pituitary tissues were investigated for the presence of regulatory molecules that would alter the function of lymphoid cells. A novel endogenous polypeptide inhibitor of basal and mitogen-stimulated splenocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation, suppressin, was isolated from bovine pituitary glands. Suppressin is a potent inhibitor of basal and mitogen-stimulated splenocyte proliferation at picomole and nanomole concentrations with 50% inhibition occurring 2.8 x 10(-9) M. Suppressin was purified to apparent homogeneity using sequential (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and preparative native gel electrophoresis. Biochemical characterizations of suppressin showed that this inhibitory molecule was a monomeric polypeptide with (i) a Mr = 63,000 and (ii) a pI of 8.1. Finally, metabolic labeling studies using a rat pituitary tumor cell line, GH3, showed that suppressin was synthesized de novo and secreted by these cells.
Exploration of trabecular bone nonlinear elasticity using time of flight modulation (2007)

Bone tissue contains microcracks that may affect its mechanical properties as well as the whole trabecular structure. The relationship between crack density and bone strength is nevertheless poorly understood. Linear ultrasound techniques being almost insensitive to the level of damage, we propose a method to measure acoustic non- linearity in trabecular bone using time-of-flight modulation (TOFM) measurements. Ultrasonic short bursts times-of- flight (TOF) are modulated as a result of nonlinear interaction with a low-frequency (LF) wave in the medium. TOF variations are directly related to elastic modulus variations. Classical and nonclassical nonlinear parameters beta, delta, and alpha can be derived from these measurements. The method was validated in materials with classical, quadratic, nonlinear elasticity. In dense trabecular bone region, TOFM related to classical, quadratic, nonlinear elasticity as a function of the LF pressure exhibits tension-compression asymmetry. The TOFM amplitude measured in dense areas of trabecular bone is almost one order of magnitude higher than in a low-density area, but the linear parameters show much smaller variations: 5% for ultrasound propagation velocity and 100% for broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA). In high-density trabecular bone regions, beta depends on the LF pressure amplitude and can reach 400 at 50 kPa.
Three-level prime arrays for sparse sampling in direction of arrival estimation (2016)

This paper proposes array configurations that can be used for sparse direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. The proposed array uses three uniform linear subarrays where the number of elements in the subarrays are taken to be pairwise coprime integers. The proposed array is referred to as a three-level prime array (3LPA). If the number of elements are pairwise coprime integers and primitive Pythagorean triple (PPT), a special case of the 3LPA is generated and we refer to as a Pythagorean array (PA). The elements of subarray 1 are spaced by the number of elements of subarray 2 or the number of elements of subarray 3. The same is done for subarray 2 and subarray 3 such that the subarrays share only their first antenna element. The main objective of the proposed arrays is to increase the degree-of-freedom (DOF) using a small aperture size. To handle this, the DOF is optimized and formulated as a function of the number of elements in the subarrays. For the same number of elements, the proposed array has smaller aperture and achieve more unique lags and consecutive lags and consequently large DOF compared with coprime array. Simulation results confirm the advantage of the proposed configurations compared to prototype coprime arrays.