gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Formation of 1,4-Disubstituted Triazoles from Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Terminal Alkynes and Organic Azides: Scope and Reaction Mechanism (2012)

The catalytic activity of a series of ruthenium complexes lacking cyclopentadienyl ligands has been evaluated for the cycloaddition of terminal alkynes and azides to give selectively 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The complex RuH(η2-BH4)(CO)(PCy3)2 was found to be an effective catalyst for the cycloaddition reactions. In the presence of RuH(η2-BH4)(CO)(PCy3)2, primary and secondary azides reacted with a range of terminal alkynes containing various functionalities to selectively produce 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The ruthenium-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition appears to proceed via a Ru–acetylide species as the key intermediate, which undergoes formal cycloaddition with an azide to give a ruthenium triazolide complex. The 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole product is generated by metathesis of the triazolide complex with a terminal alkyne. In support of the reaction mechanism, the acetylide complex Ru(C≡CCMe3)2(CO)(PPh3)3 reacts cleanly with benzyl azide to give a ruthenium triazolide complex, which reacts with excess tert-butylacetylene in the presence of PPh3 to give 4-tert-butyl-1-benzyl-1,2,3-triazole and the diacetylide complex Ru(C≡CCMe3)2(CO)(PPh3)3. The mechanism is also supported by DFT calculations.
Structure of agarose gels: Mean pore radius (1989)

To use an agarose gel's sieving for the biophysical characterization of macromolecules and supramolecular complexes, the effective gel's pore radius (P E ) is determined as a function of the agarose percentage ( A ). In previous studies, performed by use of agarose gel electrophoresis, the sieving of spheres of known radius (R) was used, together with two different (unproven) theories of sieving, to obtain P E . The P E values obtained were self-consistent and independent of R. The P E vs. A relationship did not agree with that predicted by a model that represents the gel as straight, randomly-oriented fibers (random fiber model). To test the accuracy of both the empirical P E vs. A relationship and the previously assumed model of gel structure, in the present study thin sections of agarose gels have been examined by use of electron microscopy. Gels of the agarose previously used to quantify sieving (SeaKem LE, Marine Colloids) were cast in the buffer previously used: 0.025 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.001M MgCl 2 . Pieces of gel were fixed with osmium tetroxide, dehydrated and embedded in Epon. Dark gold (120 nm) sections were examined with a JEM-100CX transmission electron microscope. Electron micrographs were captured with a DataTranslation QuickCapture video digitizer and were processed on a Macintosh II computer using the program, Image.4
Prefetching Techniques for Near-memory Throughput Processors (2016)

Near-memory processing or processing-in-memory (PIM) is regaining a lot of interest recently as a viable solution to overcome the challenges imposed by memory wall. This trend has been mainly fueled by the emergence of 3D-stacked memories. GPUs are touted as great candidates for in-memory processors due to their superior bandwidth utilization capabilities. Although putting a GPU core beneath memory exposes it to unprecedented memory bandwidth, in this paper, we demonstrate that significant opportunities still exist to improve the performance of the simpler, in-memory GPU processors (GPU-PIM) by improving their memory performance. Thus, we propose three light-weight, practical memory-side prefetchers to improve the performance of GPU-PIM systems. The proposed prefetchers exploit the patterns in individual memory accesses and synergy in the wavefront-localized memory streams, combined with a better understanding of the memory-system state, to prefetch from DRAM row buffers into on-chip prefetch buffers, thereby achieving over 75% prefetcher accuracy and 40% improvement in row buffer locality. In order to maximize utilization of prefetched data and minimize thrashing, the prefetchers also use a novel prefetch buffer management policy based on a unique dead-row prediction mechanism together with an eviction-based prefetch-trigger policy to control their aggressiveness. The proposed prefetchers improve performance by over 60% (max) and 9% on average as compared to the baseline, while achieving over 33% of the performance benefits of perfect-L2 using less than 5.6KB of additional hardware. The proposed prefetchers also outperform the state-of-the-art memory-side prefetcher, OWL by more than 20%.
A wireless chemical sensor using ferroparticles embedded hydrogel (2013)

In this paper, we present a wireless chemical sensor using ferroparticles-embedded hydrogel (ferrogel). Chemically triggered reversible swelling and de-swelling of ferrogel immobilized on top of a planar inductor results in a modulated inductance through two competing mechanisms; ferroparticle density and magnetic field passing through the volume-changing ferrogel. Overall, the effect of the magnetic flux passing through the ferrogel dominates, thus increasing the inductance as the ferrogel swells. The resulting inductance change can be remotely monitored through wireless tracking of the coil self-resonant frequency. A pH sensor based on poly (methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogel was fabricated and tested. The test was carried out in a laser machine acrylic chamber with buffers of varying pH values flowing through while monitoring the resonant frequency with a network analyzer. The sensor shows sensitivity of 200 kHz/pH between pH values of 6 to 5 and 105 kHz/pH from 5 to 4 with approximately 30 minutes of response time.
Inhibition of ovarian cancer cell proliferation by a cell cycle inhibitory peptide fused to a thermally responsive polypeptide carrier (2009)

Current treatment of solid tumors is limited by normal tissue tolerance, resulting in a narrow therapeutic index. To increase drug specificity and efficacy and to reduce toxicity in normal tissues, we have developed a polypeptide carrier for a cell cycle inhibitory peptide, which has the potential to be thermally targeted to the tumor site. The design of this polypeptide is based on elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). The coding sequence of ELP was modified by the addition of the cell penetrating peptide Bac-7 at the N-terminus and a 23 amino acid peptide derived from p21 at the C-terminus (Bac-ELP1-p21). Bac-ELP1-p21 is soluble in aqueous solutions below physiological temperature (37 degrees C) but aggregates when the temperature is raised above 39 degrees C, making it a promising thermally responsive therapeutic carrier that may be actively targeted to solid tumors by application of focused hyperthermia. While Bac-ELP1-p21 at 37 degrees C did not have any effect on SKOV-3 cell proliferation, the use of hyperthermia increased the antiproliferative effect of Bac-ELP1-p21 compared with a thermally unresponsive control polypeptide. Bac-ELP1-p21 displayed both a cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution in the SKOV-3 cells, with nuclear-localized polypeptide enriched in the heated cells, as revealed by confocal microscopy. Using Western blotting, we show that Bac-ELP1-p21 caused a decrease in Rb phosphorylation levels in cells treated at 42 degrees C. The polypeptide also induced caspase activation, PARP cleavage, and cell cycle arrest in S-phase and G2/M-phase. These studies indicate that ELP is a promising macromolecular carrier for the delivery of cell cycle inhibitory peptides to solid tumors.
On-line chemiluminescence detector for hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn-line chemiluminescence detector for hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptanStanford R. Spurlin and Edward S. YeungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 2, 318–320Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00239a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00239a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Moon-based earth observation for large scale geoscience phenomena (2016)

Although the precision of the surface parameters calculated from satellite data gets higher and higher, it is still difficult to guarantee the temporal consistency and spatial continuity for large scale geoscience phenomena. Developing new earth observation platforms is a feasible way to improve the consistency and the continuity. As the only natural satellite of the Earth, the Moon has special advantages as a platform for earth observation. This paper mainly discusses the advantages and the potential applications of moon-based earth observation, as well as the train of thoughts of further researches.
Efficient Preparation of Liquid Fuel 2,5-Dimethylfuran from Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Ru–NaY Catalyst (2015)

An efficient catalytic process for the selective conversion of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to high quality liquid fuel 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) was achieved over Ru nanoparticles dispersed on NaY zeolite. The structural and morphological features of the catalysts were studied by using various physicochemical characterization techniques. HMF conversion of 100 mol % with 78 mol % DMF yield was achieved using 2 wt %Ru–NaY catalyst in a short duration of the reaction. This catalyst displayed excellent recyclability without any loss in activity when it was used for five times. The study clearly showed that well-dispersed Ru nanoparticles are highly active and selective for the conversion of HMF to DMF. The reaction pathway for the conversion of HMF to DMF was explored by monitoring the reaction intermediates at different stages and intervals of the reaction.
Vaccine candidates for dengue virus type 1 (DEN1) generated by replacement of the structural genes of rDEN4 and rDEN4Δ30 with those of DEN1 (2007)

The attenuation phenotype in SCID-HuH-7 mice, rhesus monkeys, and mosquitoes and the protective immunity observed in rhesus monkeys suggest that rDEN1/4Delta30(ME) should be considered for evaluation in a clinical trial.
A low-cost, portable, and quantitative spectral imaging system for application to biological tissues (2010)

The ability of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to extract quantitative biological composition of tissues has been used to discern tissue types in both pre-clinical and clinical cancer studies. Typically, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy systems are designed for single-point measurements. Clinically, an imaging system would provide valuable spatial information on tissue composition. While it is feasible to build a multiplexed fiber-optic probe based spectral imaging system, these systems suffer from drawbacks with respect to cost and size. To address these we developed a compact and low cost system using a broadband light source with an 8-slot filter wheel for illumination and silicon photodiodes for detection. The spectral imaging system was tested on a set of tissue mimicking liquid phantoms which yielded an optical property extraction accuracy of 6.40 +/- 7.78% for the absorption coefficient (micro(a)) and 11.37 +/- 19.62% for the wavelength-averaged reduced scattering coefficient (micro(s)').
Batteries: An Advanced Na–FeCl<sub>2</sub> ZEBRA Battery for Stationary Energy Storage Application (Adv. Energy Mater. 12/2015) (2015)

In article number 1500357, Guosheng Li, Jin Y. Kim, and co-workers report a remarkably reliable Na-FeCl2 ZEBRA battery for stationary energy storage applications. The removal of surface oxide passivation layers on iron particles is critical and it is attributed to polysulfide species generated from sulfur-based additives through polysulfide reactions. The Na-FeCl2 cells presented can be assembled at the discharge state (NaCl + Fe powder) without handling highly hazardous materials such as anhydrous FeCl2 and metallic sodium.
Catalytic hydroprocessing of heavy coal liquids (1979)

hydrogenation of 450/sup 0/ + Solvent Refined Coal (SRC-I) solids from Illinois No. 6 and Wyodak coals blended at 33% with SRC recycle solvent (180-450/sup 0/C bp) in a fixed-bed continuous downflow pilot reactor at 330-425/sup 0/C, 2000 psi hydrogen, and 0.1 to 1.1 LHSV over a commercial Co-Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst removed over 90% sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen, increased hydrogen content from below 7% by wt to about 11%, and converted a large fraction of the SRC to lower boiling, a solvent-range material. In similarly hydroprocessing a 200/sup 0/C+ H-Coal fuel oil fraction from Illinois No. 6 coal, over 90% of the sulfur and oxygen and over 80% of the nitrogen were removed at the highest hydrogenation severity. Under equivalent conditions, the H-Coal fuel oil yielded somewhat better products than the SRC blend. SRC product analysis by gradient elution chromatography suggested that resins and eluted asphaltenes are intermediates in the conversion of polar and noneluted asphaltenes to oils and saturates, and that oxygen removal is an important step in the conversion of heavy oil liquids to higher products. A simple kinetic model for SRC conversion, based on a consecutive, first-order reaction scheme is proposed.
Efficient Synthesis of Sodium Borohydride: Balancing Reducing Agents with Intrinsic Hydrogen Source in Hydrated Borax (2020)

Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) has been identified as one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials; however, it is still challenging to produce NaBH4 with low cost and high efficiency, which are largely determined by the sources of boron and hydrogen and reducing agents used. Herein, we report an economical method to produce NaBH4 by ball milling hydrated borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O and/or Na2B4O7·5H2O) with different reducing agents such as MgH2, Mg, and NaH under ambient conditions. The direct use of natural hydrated borax avoids the dehydration process (at 600 °C) and consequently reduces cost and improves overall energy efficiency. A high yield of 93.1% can be achieved for a short ball mill duration (3.5 h) for Na2B4O7·5H2O-NaH-MgH2 system. In this system, H2 is generated in situ which subsequently reacts with Mg forming MgH2. Low cost Mg is therefore employed to replace the majority of MgH2, leading to an attractive yield of 78.6%. To further reduce the cost of raw materials and improve the utilization of hydrogen source in the hydrated borax, Na2B4O7·10H2O is used to partially substitute for Na2B4O7·5H2O, leading to a complete replacement of MgH2. Compared with literature results, the optimized recipe features low cost and high efficiency since it utilizes hydrogen from the hydrated water in natural borax and avoids high temperatures. Our finding is expected to facilitate applications of NaBH4 for hydrogen storage.
Bit-fixing in pseudorandom sequences for scan BIST (2001)

A low-overhead scheme for achieving complete (100%) fault coverage during built-in self test of circuits with scan is presented. It does not require modifying the function logic and does not degrade system performance (beyond using scan). Deterministic test cubes that detect the random-pattern-resistant (r.p.r.) faults are embedded in a pseudorandom sequence of bits generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR). This is accomplished by altering the pseudorandom sequence by adding logic at the LFSR's serial output to "fix" certain bits. A procedure for synthesizing the bit-fixing logic for embedding the test cubes is described. Experimental results indicate that complete fault coverage can be obtained with low hardware overhead. Further reduction in overhead is possible by using a special correlating automatic test pattern generation procedure that is described for finding test cubes for the r.p.r. faults in a way that maximizes bitwise correlation.
A combination of histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 and the hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG is highly active against human CML-BC and AML cells with constitutively active mutant FLT-3 tyrosine kinase (2004)

6541 Background: We have reported that treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors, LAQ824 and LBH589 (Novartis Pharma AG), and hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG attenuates the levels of Bcr-Abl and FLT-3, as well induces apoptosis of human CML-BC and AML cells. In these studies we determined the antileukemia activity of the combination of LBH589 and 17-AAG. Methods: K562 (CML-BC), MV4–11 (AML cells with the activating length mutation of FLT-3) and primary AML (with FLT-3 mutation) were exposed to 0.1 to 2.0 uM 17-AAG and/or 5 to 100 nM LBH589 for 24 to 48 hours. Following this, the cell cycle status and apoptosis (by flow cytometry), as well as the expressions of p21, hsp70, p-FLT-3, FLT-3, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT5 (by Western analyses) were determined. Results: LBH589 treatment induced p21 levels and mediated cell cycle G1 phase accumulation as well as apoptosis of MV4–11 and K562 cells. In MV4–11 cells, this was associated with marked attenuation of the protein levels of p-FLT-3, FLT-3, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT5, as well as the DNA binding activity of STAT5. Furthermore, co-treatment with LBH589 and the FLT-3 kinase inhibitor PKC412 (Novartis Pharma AG) exerted synergistic cytotoxic effect against MV4–11 cells. In K562 cells, exposure to LBH589 attenuated Bcr-Abl, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT5. Treatment with 17-AAG or LBH589 inhibited the chaperone association of hsp90 with FLT-3 and Bcr-Abl in MV4–11 and K562 cells, respectively, resulting in polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of FLT-3 and Bcr-Abl. Significantly, co-treatment with LBH589 and 17-AAG induced more apoptosis of MV4–11 and K562 cells that either agent alone. The combination also attenuated the levels of mutant T315I Bcr-Abl and induced apoptosis of Gleevec-refractory primary CML-BC,as well as induced more apoptosis of primary AML cells with FLT-3 mutations. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that the combination of LBH589 and 17-AAG may be highly effective in attenuating p-FLT-3 and Bcr-Abl, as well as inducing apoptosis of CML-BC and AML cells with FLT-3 mutations. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Corp. Novartis Corp.
Histidinylated linear PEI: a new efficient non-toxic polymer for gene transfer (2011)

A series of linear polyethylenimine (lPEI) substituted with histidine residue (His-lPEI) was synthesized using the Michael reaction in order to provide new highly efficient vectors for gene therapy applications (up to 95% of transfected cells) with remarkable low cytotoxicity compared to lPEI-based polyplexes.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Superconductivity in a Single Copper‐Oxygen Plane. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Retractable spiked barrier strip for law enforcement (1995)

The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory has designed an laboratory tested a prototype retractable spiked barrier strip for law enforcement. The proposed system, which is ready for controlled field testing, expands the functionality of existing spiked barrier strips. A retractable barrier strip, one that can place the spikes in either the active (vertical) or passive (horizontal) position, would allow law enforcement personnel to lay the unobtrusive strip across a road far in advance of a fleeing vehicle. No damage occurs to passing vehicles until the spikes are activated, and that can be done from a safe distance and at a strategic location when the offending vehicle is close to the strip. The concept also allows the strips to be place safely across several roadways that are potential paths of a fleeing vehicle. Since they are not activated until needed, they are harmless to nonoffending vehicles. The laboratory tests conducted on the system indicate that it will puncture tires only when the spikes are rotated to the active position and is safe to travel over when the spikes are in the down position. The strip itself will not cause instability to a vehicle driving over it, nor is the strip disturbed or adversely affected by vehicles driving over it. The spikes can be quickly rotated between the active (vertical) and passive (horizontal) position. However, the laboratory tests have only demonstrated that the retractable spiked barrier strip can perform its intended function in a laboratory environment. Field tests are needed to finalize the design and develop the system into a functional law enforcement tool.
Discovery of 3-Piperidinyl-1-cyclopentanecarboxamide as a Novel Scaffold for Highly Potent CC Chemokine Receptor 2 Antagonists (2007)

Introduction of ring restrictions to a linear aminobutyramide CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonist lead (2) led to the discovery of a 1,3-disubstituted cyclopentane scaffold with enhanced hCCR2 receptor binding and antagonist activity. (1S,3R)-N-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1-methyl-3-[(1R,3'R)-methyl-1'H-spiro[indene-1,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl]cyclopentanecarboxamide (16) had IC50 of 1.3 nM (binding) and 0.45 nM (functional chemotaxis) against hCCR2. It also showed activity against the mouse CCR2 receptor with an IC50 of 130 nM. Compound 16 is selective against other chemokine receptors, including CCR5 ( approximately 500-fold).
A Practical and Stereoconservative Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)‐3‐Amino‐4‐(trimethylammonio)butanoate [(<i>R</i>)‐Aminocarnitine], and Its Trimethylphosphonium and Simple Ammonium Analogues Starting from <scp>D</scp>‐Aspartic Acid (2003)

Abstract We have developed a new stereospecific synthesis of ( R )‐aminocarnitine using D ‐aspartic acid as the starting material. This strategy, which is simple and amenable to an industrial scale‐up, gives the target compound in six steps and in fairly good overall yields (41%). Other aminocarnitine related molecules such as optically pure ( R )‐3‐amino‐4‐(trimethylphosphonio)butanoic acid and ( R )‐3,4‐diaminobutanoic acid dihydrochloride have also been prepared according to the same synthetic strategy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)