gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alterations of p11 in brain tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes in Parkinson’s disease (2017)

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from comorbid depression. P11 (S100A10), a member of the S100 family of proteins, is expressed widely throughout the body and is involved in major depressive disorder and antidepressant response. Central p11 levels are reduced in postmortem tissue from depressed individuals; however, p11 has not yet been investigated in PD patients with depression or those without depression. We investigated p11 levels in postmortem PD brains and assessed whether peripheral p11 levels correlate with disease severity. Substantia nigra, putamen, and cortical p11 protein levels were assessed in postmortem brain samples from PD patients and matched controls. In a different set of postmortem brains, p11 mRNA expression was measured in dopaminergic cells from the substantia nigra. Both p11 protein and mRNA levels were decreased in PD patients. Peripheral p11 protein levels were investigated in distinct leukocyte populations from PD patients with depression and those without depression. Monocyte, natural killer (NK) cell, and cytotoxic T-cell p11 levels were positively associated with the severity of PD, and NK cell p11 levels were positively associated with depression scores. Given that inflammation plays a role in both PD and depression, it is intriguing that peripheral p11 levels are altered in immune cells in both conditions. Our data provide insight into the pathological alterations occurring centrally and peripherally in PD. Moreover, if replicated in other cohorts, p11 could be an easily accessible biomarker for monitoring the severity of PD, especially in the context of comorbid depression.
QoS-GRAF: A Framework for QoS based Grid Resource Allocation with Failure provisioning (2006)

In this paper, it describes the QoS-GRAF, a framework for providing revenue maximization in a utility computing grid where jobs have multiple resource dependencies and differentiated QoS pricing. To solve the revenue maximization problem the linear relaxation based algorithms, MRPA and MLBA, that achieve performance within 1-5% of the optimal solution and significantly outperform alternative approaches are used. Both show better revenue earnings across small, medium and large jobs, with efficient resource utilization. As a part ongoing work, the backup algorithms for multiple failures is developed. Scheduling algorithms are incorporated to produce maximum profitable schedule considering job deadlines
Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels (2016)

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass based substrates, and hydrogel-based tube formation assays. These assays, while informative, do not recapitulate lumen geometry, proper extracellular matrix, and multi-cellular proximity, which play key roles in modulating vascular function. This manuscript describes an injection molding method to generate engineered vessels with diameters on the order of 100 µm. Microvessels are fabricated by seeding endothelial cells in a microfluidic channel embedded within a native type I collagen hydrogel. By incorporating parenchymal cells within the collagen matrix prior to channel formation, specific tissue microenvironments can be modeled and studied. Additional modulations of hydrodynamic properties and media composition allow for control of complex vascular function within the desired microenvironment. This platform allows for the study of perivascular cell recruitment, blood-endothelium interactions, flow response, and tissue-microvascular interactions. Engineered microvessels offer the ability to isolate the influence from individual components of a vascular niche and precisely control its chemical, mechanical, and biological properties to study vascular biology in both health and disease.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Rigid-Core Ionic Liquid Crystals (2007)

Ionic liquid crystals combine the unique solvent properties of ionic liquids with self-organization found for liquid crystals. We report a detailed analysis of the structure-property relationship of a series of new imidazolium-based liquid crystals with an extended aromatic core. Investigated parameters include length and nature of the tails, the length of the rigid core, the lateral substitution pattern, and the nature of the counterion. Depending on the molecular structure, two mesophases were observed: a bilayered SmA2 phase and the more common monolayered SmA phase, both strongly interdigitated. Most materials show mesophases stable to high temperatures. For some cases, crystallization could be suppressed, and room-temperature liquid crystalline phases were obtained. The mesomorphic properties of several mixtures of ionic liquid crystals were investigated. Many mixtures showed full miscibility and ideal mixing behavior; however, in some instances we observed, surprisingly, complete demixing of the component SmA phases. The ionic liquid crystals and mixtures presented have potential applications, due to their low melting temperatures, wide temperature ranges, and stability with extra ion-doping.
miR-155 augments CD8 <sup>+</sup> T-cell antitumor activity in lymphoreplete hosts by enhancing responsiveness to homeostatic γ <sub>c</sub> cytokines (2014)

Lymphodepleting regimens are used before adoptive immunotherapy to augment the antitumor efficacy of transferred T cells by removing endogenous homeostatic "cytokine sinks." These conditioning modalities, however, are often associated with severe toxicities. We found that microRNA-155 (miR-155) enabled tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells to mediate profound antitumor responses in lymphoreplete hosts that were not potentiated by immune-ablation. miR-155 enhanced T-cell responsiveness to limited amounts of homeostatic γc cytokines, resulting in delayed cellular contraction and sustained cytokine production. miR-155 restrained the expression of the inositol 5-phosphatase Ship1, an inhibitor of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt, and multiple negative regulators of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5), including suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (Socs1) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase Ptpn2. Expression of constitutively active Stat5a recapitulated the survival advantages conferred by miR-155, whereas constitutive Akt activation promoted sustained effector functions. Our results indicate that overexpression of miR-155 in tumor-specific T cells can be used to increase the effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapies in a cell-intrinsic manner without the need for life-threatening, lymphodepleting maneuvers.
The anticipation and outcome phases of reward and loss processing: A neuroimaging meta‐analysis of the monetary incentive delay task (2018)

The processing of rewards and losses are crucial to everyday functioning. Considerable interest has been attached to investigating the anticipation and outcome phases of reward and loss processing, but results to date have been inconsistent. It is unclear if anticipation and outcome of a reward or loss recruit similar or distinct brain regions. In particular, while the striatum has widely been found to be active when anticipating a reward, whether it activates in response to the anticipation of losses as well remains ambiguous. Furthermore, concerning the orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal regions, activation is often observed during reward receipt. However, it is unclear if this area is active during reward anticipation as well. We ran an Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis of 50 fMRI studies, which used the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT), to identify which brain regions are implicated in the anticipation of rewards, anticipation of losses, and the receipt of reward. Anticipating rewards and losses recruits overlapping areas including the striatum, insula, amygdala and thalamus, suggesting that a generalised neural system initiates motivational processes independent of valence. The orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal regions were recruited only during the reward outcome, likely representing the value of the reward received. Our findings help to clarify the neural substrates of the different phases of reward and loss processing, and advance neurobiological models of these processes.
A cost-effective method for minimizing the sphere-of-confusion error of x-ray microdiffractometers (1999)

Microdiffractometers are used to obtain x-ray diffraction data from regions that are tens of microns or less in size. If a microdiffractometer’s rotation circles do not share the same center, or if the feature of interest on a sample does not lie at the center of all rotations, the sample feature will, upon rotation of the diffractometer circles, precess through a finite volume known as the sphere of confusion (SoC). If the size of the beam used for diffraction analysis is smaller than the SoC diameter, the beam may actually move off the region of interest. In this article, we describe a new technique, based on x-ray fluorescence imaging and coordinate transforms, which can maintain the sample position to within ±6 μm over all rotations even when a commercial diffractometer is used as the base for the microdiffractometer system. In this scheme, a grid held in place on the specimen surface is mapped using fluorescent radiation at various sample tilts. The transformation matrices, which relate the grid coordinates to the sample stage coordinates at different sample tilts, can then be used to bring the sample stage into coincidence with its original position.
Adversarial Diversity and Hard Positive Generation (2016)

State-of-the-art deep neural networks suffer from a fundamental problem - they misclassify adversarial examples formed by applying small perturbations to inputs. In this paper, we present a new psychometric perceptual adversarial similarity score (PASS) measure for quantifying adversarial images, introduce the notion of hard positive generation, and use a diverse set of adversarial perturbations - not just the closest ones - for data augmentation. We introduce a novel hot/cold approach for adversarial example generation, which provides multiple possible adversarial perturbations for every single image. The perturbations generated by our novel approach often correspond to semantically meaningful image structures, and allow greater flexibility to scale perturbation-amplitudes, which yields an increased diversity of adversarial images. We present adversarial images on several network topologies and datasets, including LeNet on the MNIST dataset, and GoogLeNet and ResidualNet on the ImageNet dataset. Finally, we demonstrate on LeNet and GoogLeNet that fine-tuning with a diverse set of hard positives improves the robustness of these networks compared to training with prior methods of generating adversarial images.
Cutoff Mechanisms in Bend-Insensitive Single-Mode Fibers (2011)

We present a comprehensive study that explains the specific mechanisms that govern the cutoff behaviors of G.657 single-trench-assisted Bend-Insensitive Single Mode Fibers (BI-SMFs) compared to those of the G.652 step-index Standard SMFs.
Allegorical Paintings and Alberti’s Istoria: Making the Unseen Seen (2016)

In his Della Pittura, Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) emphasized the importance of Istoria, the concept that painting was "not to impress by its size but rather by its monumentality and dramatic content."1To do this, painters should use invention and embellishment to recall themes of antiquity.2Though Alberti asserts that painters "have nothing to do with things that are not visible,3" the symbolism found in paintings such as Botticelli's Calumny of Apelles (1494) and La Primavera (1477-82), Raphael's School of Athens (1509), and Titian's Sacred and Profane Love (1514) gives visibility to the invisible in a way that contributes to the istoria of the paintings.Calumny of Apelles (Fig. 1) offers dramatic content and hints at invisible characteristics of the figures through visible means.Monumentality of content is especially emphasized in this panel; it is only 62 cm x 92 cm in size, yet exudes drama.Botticelli's painting certainly exhibits classical themes, as it is his interpretation of Lucian's description of On Calumny by the Greek painter, Apelles.4Classical architecture is also utilized with the barrel-vaulted arches.Part of the dramatic content
High-Efficiency Passive and Active Phased Arrays and Array Feeds for Satellite Communications (2015)

Satellite communication (Satcom) services are used worldwide for voice, data, and video links due to various appealing features. Parabolic reflector antennas are typically used to serve a cost effective scheme for commercial applications. However, mount degradation, roof sag, and orbital decay motivate the need for beam steering. Limited scan range beam steering opens a third option for electronic beam steering with lower cost than full aperture phased arrays and higher tracking speed and accuracy than mechanical-only steering.Multiple high efficiency passive patch array feeds were designed, fabricated, and measured, including a 2x2 MSA array, a stacked shorted annular patch antenna, and an SIW-fed hexagonal array feed based on PTFE material, achieving performance comparable to a horn feed. For multiband dual polarization applications, passive MSA feed solutions are also provided. Multiple MSA array feeds with high isolation were designed for dual band dual polarization applications. More functionality can be realized with multi-layer PCB techniques for complex communication scenarios.Limited scan range electronic beam-steering with a parabolic reflector fed by an active array feed which only needs gain control was demonstrated experimentally, leading to a low cost and effective solution for active beam scanning. A cost-effective flat-panel phased array with limited scan range electronic beam-steering was proposed by tiling high efficiency 4x4 passive subarrays and performing beam scanning at the tile level. The sidelobe issue was also investigated to comply with the pattern mask requirement set by FCC.To enable better use of circularly polarized (CP) MSAs for electronically beam-formed antenna systems, the impact of mutual coupling on the performance of high-sensitivity dual-polarized receivers for satellite communications applications was analyzed. A new analysis method for intrinsically dual-CP MSAs based on an equivalent circuit model and Jones matrices was proposed and validated to overcome the port isolation challenge. The model provides accurate estimates of impedances and S-parameters, as well as field parameters such as axial ratio. The feasible region for XPI and impedance mismatch factor is found for dual CP antennas. The circuit model enables multiple useful applications. Effective decoupling and matching schemes was proposed and demonstrated, leading to a high isolation, good match, and wide AR bandwidth dual CP MSA for satellite communications.
Regulation of Mammalian Epithelial Differentiation and Intestine Development by Class I Histone Deacetylases (2004)

The biochemical mechanisms underlying epigenetic control of gene expression are increasingly well known. In contrast, the contributions of individual modifications toward activation of lineage-specific genes during vertebrate development are poorly understood. Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs), which show restricted tissue distribution, regulate muscle-specific gene expression, in part through interactions with myogenic transcription factors. We have combined gene expression profiling with manipulation of fetal mouse intestinal tissue to define roles for other regulatory factors. We found that in the developing mouse intestine class I HDACs are confined to the prospective epithelium and that their levels decline coincidently with activation of differentiation genes, suggesting a functional relationship between these events. Overexpression of wild-type but not of mutant HDACs 1 and 2 in fetal intestine explants reverses expression of certain maturation markers. HDAC inhibitors, including the selective class I antagonist valproic acid, activate the same genes prematurely and accelerate cytodifferentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of freshly isolated organs reveals early HDAC2 occupancy at differentiation gene promoters and corresponding histone hypoacetylation that reverses as HDAC levels fall. Thus, modulation of endogenous class I HDAC levels represents a previously unappreciated mechanism to enable onset of tissue-restricted gene expression in a developing mammalian organ.
Novel real-time acousto-ultrasonic sensors using two phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings (2013)

A novel real-time acousto-ultrasonic sensor system using a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating rather than a normal fiber Bragg grating was investigated. The spectrum of the phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating was simulated and analyzed, which indicates that a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating has superior properties when compared to a normal fiber Bragg grating. Based on theoretical considerations, a novel real-time acousto-ultrasonic sensor system was proposed. Two identical 5-mm phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings, with slightly different Bragg wavelengths, were used as the filter and the sensor. An amplified spontaneous emission light source and an apodized fiber Bragg grating were connected to illuminate the phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings. The design allows the strain resulting from the ultrasonic wave to be precisely received and converted to the fluctuation of the output voltage. An ultrasonic wave generated in a carbon fiber–reinforced plastic plate using a macrofiber composite actuator was detected by both the phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating sensor system and a sensor system based on a normal fiber Bragg grating and arrayed waveguide grating. Comparison of the temporal and spectral responses of these two systems indicates that the phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating sensor system has a higher sensitivity than the fiber Bragg grating system. The results show that the phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating system does not require data averaging for noise reduction to measure the Lamb wave modes in a carbon fiber–reinforced plastic plate.
Strict 2-Surface Proximal Classifier with Application to Breast Cancer Detection in Mammograms (2007)

We propose a 2-plane learning method for binary classification, named as the strict 2-surface proximal (S2SP) classifier, by seeking two cross proximal planes based on two strict optimization objectives with a "square of sum" optimization factor, of which the nonlinearity is achieved by employing kernel functions. We apply the S2SP classifier for both linear and nonlinear classification to recognize malignant tumors from a set of 57 regions in mammograms, of which 20 are related to malignant tumors and 37 to benign masses. Ten different feature combinations are studied. Experimental results demonstrate that the linear S2SP classifier provides results comparable to those obtained by Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA). For one feature set (FSs), the linear classification performance was significantly improved to 0.97 by using the S2SP classifier, as compared to the FLDA performance of 0.82, in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. In the case of nonlinear classification, the S2SP classifier with the triangle kernel provided a perfect performance of 1.0 for all of the ten feature combinations, also evaluated in terms of the area under the ROC curve, but with good robustness limited to the setting of the kernel parameter in a certain range.
Photosensitizer delivery to vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: comparison of macrophage-targeted conjugate versus free chlorine(e6) (2006)

We have previously shown that a conjugate (MA-ce6) between maleylated serum albumin and the photosensitizer chlorin(e6) (ce6) is targeted in vitro to macrophages via class A scavenger receptors. We now report on the ability of this conjugate to localize in macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Both the conjugate and the free photosensitizer ce6 are studied after injection into New Zealand White rabbits that are rendered atherosclerotic by a combination of aortic endothelial injury and cholesterol feeding into normal rabbits. Rabbits are sacrificed at 6 and 24 h after injection and intravascular fluorescence spectroscopy is carried out by fiber-based fluorimetry in intact blood-filled arteries. Surface spectrofluorimetry of numbered excised aortic segments together with injured and normal iliac arteries is carried out, and quantified ce6 content by subsequent extraction and quantitative fluorescence determination of the arterial segments and also of nontarget organs. There is good agreement between the various techniques for quantifying ce6 localization, and high contrast between arteries from atherosclerotic and normal rabbits is obtained. Fluorescence correlates with the highest burden of plaque in the aorta and the injured iliac artery. The highest accumulation in plaques is obtained using MA-ce6 at 24 h. Free ce6 gives better accumulation at 6 h compared to 24 h. The liver, spleen, lung, and gall bladder have the highest uptake in nontarget organs. Macrophage-targeted photosensitizer conjugates may have applications in both detecting and treating inflamed vulnerable plaque.
Electronic Transport Properties of Few-Layer Graphene Materials (2011)

Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH discovered materials, and yet very little is known on few-layer graphene
Final report: (2002)

Screening tests to find new metallic inhibitors which had strong effects on the overall reaction rate were first conducted in premixed systems. The most promising candidates, Mn and Sn containing compounds, were thus tested for their ability to reduce the flame speed of premixed methane-air flames. These tests also provided a clear delineation of possible loss of effectiveness due to condensation for these low-residence time flames. Since these flames are amenable to numerical modeling of the gas-phase chemistry, such calculations, together with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, were then used to understand the reasons for the differences in effectiveness between Fe, Sn, and Mn. It was also desired to determine if blends of metals would help to overcome the loss of effectiveness due to condensation. For these investigations, we preformed premixed flame speed determinations with blends of Fe(C0)j and MMT.
Qualification of Commercial XIPS Ion Thrusters for NASA Deep Space Missions (2008)

Electric propulsion systems based on commercial ion and Hall thrusters have the potential for significantly reducing the cost and schedule-risk of Ion Propulsion Systems (IPS) for deep space missions. The large fleet of geosynchronous communication satellites that use solar electric propulsion (SEP), which will approach 40 satellites by year-end, demonstrates the significant level of technical maturity and spaceflight heritage achieved by the commercial IPS systems. A program to delta-qualify XIPS(R) ion thrusters for deep space missions is underway at JPL. This program includes modeling of the thruster grid and cathode life, environmental testing of a 25-centimeter electromagnetic (EM) thruster over DAWN-like vibe and temperature profiles, and wear testing of the thruster cathodes to demonstrate the life and benchmark the model results. This paper will present the delta-qualification status of the XIPS thruster and discuss the life and reliability with respect to known failure mechanisms.