gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Release system for controlled release fertilizers based on gel materials (2004)

A release system for controlled release fertilizer was developed for practical use, which was composed of main tube for holding fertilizers and branch tube for releasing nutrients. Natural and semi-natural materials such as chitosan and pectin were used as gel materials in branch tube, and the controlled release effect was checked in laboratory. The results showed that the nutrients in release system were released linearly, and a good controlled effect was observed. The nutrients release was modeled respectively according to the Second Fick Diffusion Law and Ohm law, and the results were almost the same. The nutrients release was mainly controlled by diffusion coefficient, resistance, diffusion area and thickness of gel materials. From this model nutrients were released linearly, which agreed with experimental result, and then the diffusion coefficient and resistance were evaluated, which gave a theory basis for further application.
Lactobacillus gasseri Gasser AM63T degrades oxalate in a multistage continuous culture simulator of the human colonic microbiota (2007)

Colonic oxalate-degrading bacteria have been shown to play an important role in human kidney stone formation. In this study, molecular analysis of the Lactobacillus gasseri genome revealed a cluster of genes encoding putative formyl coenzyme A transferase (frc) and oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase (oxc) homologues, possibly involved in oxalate degradation. The ability of Lactobacillus gasseri Gasser AM63(T) to degrade oxalate was confirmed in vitro. Transcription of both genes was induced by oxalate, and reverse transcription-PCR confirmed that they were co-transcribed as an operon. A three-stage continuous culture system (CCS) inoculated with human fecal bacteria was used to model environmental conditions in the proximal and distal colons, at system retention times within the range of normal colonic transit rates (30 and 60 hours). A freeze-dried preparation of L. gasseri was introduced into the CCS under steady-state growth conditions. Short chain fatty acid analysis indicated that addition of L. gasseri to the CCS did not affect the equilibrium of the microbial ecosystem. Oxalate degradation was initiated in the first stage of the CCS, corresponding to the proximal colon, suggesting that this organism may have potential therapeutic use in managing oxalate kidney stone disease in humans.
Personalized Assistive Web for Improving Mobile Web Browsing and Accessibility for Visually Impaired Users (2017)

Mobile web browsing has become a daily routine for many people, including those with visual impairments. However, usability and accessibility challenges of mobile handheld devices may compromise the benefits of mobile web access, particularly for users with visual impairments. To improve mobile web accessibility, we propose a Personalized Assistive Web (PAW) that aims to improve skimming in mobile web browsing for users with visual impairments through hierarchical outline view and personalization adaptations in this research. We empirically evaluated PAW via a controlled lab experiment with 21 blind participants and 34 sighted participants. The empirical results provide strong evidence for the positive impacts of the hierarchical outline view adaptation on user performance of information search (i.e., search time) and perceptions (i.e., perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness) across the two groups of participants and demonstrate that the positive effects of adaptation personalization vary with participants. The findings not only demonstrate the effectiveness of the hierarchical outline view adaptation for blind and sighted participants but also reveal some important similarities and interesting differences in the effect of personalized adaptation between the two groups of participants. This research provides design and technical insights that are instrumental for improving mobile web accessibility.
Modal and intensity noise of large-area multiple-transverse-mode VCSELs in multimode-optical-fiber links (1994)

The use of large-area multiple-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) to reduce modal noise in multimode-optical-fiber links has been recently demonstrated.1 Multimode fiber and waveguide systems are usually preferred over single-mode systems for short-distance optical links for reasons of packaging, reliability, and cost. However, when mode- selective losses (MSL), such as splitters and poor connectors, occur in a multimode link, the use of coherent lasers is known to cause modal noise and high bit-error-rate (BER) floors.2,3 Low-coherence self-pulsating laser diodes (SPLDs)4 and LEDs5 are used to avoid modal noise (e.g., in fiber-channel links), but their modulation bandwidths and coupling efficiencies to fiber are limited. VCSELs have high bandwidth, have high coupling efficiency, and are easy to package, but their coherence is an issue for multimode applications.
Contractile forces in platelet aggregates under microfluidic shear gradients reflect platelet inhibition and bleeding risk (2019)

Platelets contract forcefully after their activation, contributing to the strength and stability of platelet aggregates and fibrin clots during blood coagulation. Viscoelastic approaches can be used to assess platelet-induced clot strengthening, but they require thrombin and fibrin generation and are unable to measure platelet forces directly. Here, we report a rapid, microfluidic approach for measuring the contractile force of platelet aggregates for the detection of platelet dysfunction. We find that platelet forces are significantly reduced when blood samples are treated with inhibitors of myosin, GPIb-IX-V, integrin α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3,</sub> P2Y<sub>12</sub>, or thromboxane generation. Clinically, we find that platelet forces are measurably lower in cardiology patients taking aspirin. We also find that measuring platelet forces can identify Emergency Department trauma patients who subsequently require blood transfusions. Together, these findings indicate that microfluidic quantification of platelet forces may be a rapid and useful approach for monitoring both antiplatelet therapy and traumatic bleeding risk.
Mesoscopic analysis of online social networks: The role of negative ties (2014)

A class of networks are those with both positive and negative links. In this manuscript, we studied the interplay between positive and negative ties on mesoscopic level of these networks, i.e., their community structure. A community is considered as a tightly interconnected group of actors; therefore, it does not borrow any assumption from balance theory and merely uses the well-known assumption in the community detection literature. We found that if one detects the communities based on only positive relations (by ignoring the negative ones), the majority of negative relations are already placed between the communities. In other words, negative ties do not have a major role in community formation of signed networks. Moreover, regarding the internal negative ties, we proved that most unbalanced communities are maximally balanced, and hence they cannot be partitioned into k nonempty sub-clusters with higher balancedness (k≥2). Furthermore, we showed that although the mediator triad ++- (hostile-mediator-hostile) is underrepresented, it constitutes a considerable portion of triadic relations among communities. Hence, mediator triads should not be ignored by community detection and clustering algorithms. As a result, if one uses a clustering algorithm that operates merely based on social balance, mesoscopic structure of signed networks significantly remains hidden.
Opposing Activity Changes in AMP Deaminase and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Hibernating Ground Squirrel (2015)

Hibernating animals develop fatty liver when active in summertime and undergo a switch to a fat oxidation state in the winter. We hypothesized that this switch might be determined by AMP and the dominance of opposing effects: metabolism through AMP deaminase (AMPD2) (summer) and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (winter). Liver samples were obtained from 13-lined ground squirrels at different times during the year, including summer and multiples stages of winter hibernation, and fat synthesis and β-fatty acid oxidation were evaluated. Changes in fat metabolism were correlated with changes in AMPD2 activity and intrahepatic uric acid (downstream product of AMPD2), as well as changes in AMPK and intrahepatic β-hydroxybutyrate (a marker of fat oxidation). Hepatic fat accumulation occurred during the summer with relatively increased enzymes associated with fat synthesis (FAS, ACL and ACC) and decreased enoyl CoA hydratase (ECH1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), rate limiting enzymes of fat oxidation. In summer, AMPD2 activity and intrahepatic uric acid levels were high and hepatic AMPK activity was low. In contrast, the active phosphorylated form of AMPK and β-hydroxybutyrate both increased during winter hibernation. Therefore, changes in AMPD2 and AMPK activity were paralleled with changes in fat synthesis and fat oxidation rates during the summer-winter cycle. These data illuminate the opposing forces of metabolism of AMP by AMPD2 and its availability to activate AMPK as a switch that governs fat metabolism in the liver of hibernating ground squirrel.
Unsupervised image classification, segmentation, and enhancement using ICA mixture models (2002)

An unsupervised classification algorithm is derived by modeling observed data as a mixture of several mutually exclusive classes that are each described by linear combinations of independent, non-Gaussian densities. The algorithm estimates the data density in each class by using parametric nonlinear functions that fit to the non-Gaussian structure of the data. This improves classification accuracy compared with standard Gaussian mixture models. When applied to images, the algorithm can learn efficient codes (basis functions) for images that capture the statistically significant structure intrinsic in the images. We apply this technique to the problem of unsupervised classification, segmentation, and denoising of images. We demonstrate that this method was effective in classifying complex image textures such as natural scenes and text. It was also useful for denoising and filling in missing pixels in images with complex structures. The advantage of this model is that image codes can be learned with increasing numbers of classes thus providing greater flexibility in modeling structure and in finding more image features than in either Gaussian mixture models or standard independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms.
STUDYING THE PROSPECTS OF USING PINEAPPLE WASTE RAW (2023)

The problem of expanding the range of herbal medicines can be solved through the use of plant objects traditionally used in the food industry, characterized by the presence of a wide range of pharmacological activity, and the most promising raw materials are processing waste, in terms of the content of biologically active substances (BAS), not inferior to the pharmacopoeial vegetable raw materials, which allows you to create waste-free processing technologies, covering both the food and pharmaceutical industries. A promising crop from this point of view is pineapple fruit, the production and consumption of which in the world is increasing every year. To date, the global pineapple market has grown to $14.9 billion, approximately 26.4 million tons. Purchases of pineapple seeds to Russia are constantly increasing. According to the Agrobusiness expert and analytical center, pineapple supplies in Russia increased by 23.7% by 2022 and amounted to more than 11 thousand tons. In recent years, the study of the chemical composition of infructescences and the features of their pharmacological action, including in systemic metabolic disorders and oncology, has attracted significant interest from researchers. At the same time, pineapple seedlings in the Russian Federation are not pharmacopoeial raw materials. Significant waste from the processing of seedlings in the food industry is disposed of. The aim of the work is to study the yield of products remaining after processing pineapple fruits of different varieties, followed by a preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaves and pulp of pineapple fruits and an assessment of the prospects for their further study. The authors, using gravimetric analysis, revealed the amount of waste represented by leaves, peel and pulp of peeled fruits after mechanical squeezing of juice for pineapple varieties mainly purchased in the Russian Federation. To determine the preliminary qualitative composition of pineapple processing products, a set of qualitative phytochemical reactions, most often used in pharmacopoeial analysis, was carried out with aqueous extracts from pulp and leaves of processed raw materials. The analysis confirmed the presence of substances of polyphenolic nature, amino acids and vitamins in the raw material. According to the authors, further study of pineapple fruit processing waste is an urgent and promising area of pharmaceutical research.
Localization of Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-Trisphosphate to Phagosomes in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Achieved Using Glutathione <i>S</i> -Transferase- and Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Lipid Biosensors (2009)

Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite that causes amoebic dysentery and liver abscess. Phagocytosis by the parasite is a critical virulence process, since it is a prerequisite for tissue invasion and establishment of chronic infection. While the roles of many of the proteins that regulate phagocytosis-related signaling events in E. histolytica have been characterized, the functions of lipids in this cellular process remain largely unknown in this parasite. In other systems, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP(3)), a major product of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3-kinase) activity, is essential for phagocytosis. Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are protein domains that specifically bind to PIP(3). In this study, we utilized glutathione S-transferase (GST)- and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled PH domains as lipid biosensors to characterize the spatiotemporal aspects of PIP(3) distribution during various endocytic processes in E. histolytica. PIP(3)-specific biosensors accumulated at extending pseudopodia and in phagosomal cups in trophozoites exposed to erythrocytes but did not localize to pinocytic compartments during the uptake of a fluid-phase marker, dextran. Our results suggest that PIP(3) is involved in the early stages of phagosome formation in E. histolytica. In addition, we demonstrated that PIP(3) exists at high steady-state levels in the plasma membrane of E. histolytica and that these levels, unlike those in mammalian cells, are not abolished by serum withdrawal. Finally, expression of a PH domain in trophozoites inhibited erythrophagocytosis and enhanced motility, providing genetic evidence supporting the role of PI3-kinase signaling in these processes in E. histolytica.
The waseda flutist robot No. 4 refined IV: enhancing the sound clarity and the articulation between notes by improving the design of the lips and tonguing mechanisms (2007)

As a result from our research, the Waseda Flutist Robot is able of playing the flute nearly similar to an intermediate level flutist. In order to enhance the expressiveness of its performance, we are focusing our research on improving the mechanical design of the simulated organs as well as implementing automated algorithms for the generation of expressive music performance. In a previous research, we have developed a human-like vocal cord to improve the production of vibrato. In this paper, we are presenting the newest version of the flutist robot; where the lips, oral cavity and tonguing mechanisms were improved. Such improvements were proposed to effectively control the attack time and double tonguing. The attack time is useful to produce clear sounds and the double tonguing is an important articulation that helps players to produce shaped notes and smooth transitions between notes. The lips mechanism is composed by 3-DOFs which enables the accurate control of the air stream parameters (width, thickness and angle). The lips of the robot were designed more human-like by using a thermoplastic rubber (septon). The oral cavity was designed similar to the human one also made by septon. Inside the oral cavity, an improved tonguing mechanism was designed (1-DOF) to reproduce better the double tonguing technique. A set of experiments were performed to analyze the improvements on the dynamical properties of the sound while playing the flute.
A novel method to detect Heart Beat Rate using a mobile phone (2010)

Heart Beat Rate calculation has traditionally been conducted using specialized hardware most commonly in the form of pulse oximeters or Electrocardiogram devices. Even though these methods offer high reliability, they require the users to have special sensor to measure their heart rate. In this paper we propose a system capable of estimating the heart beat rate using just a camera from a commercially available mobile phone. The advantage of this method is that the user does not need specialized hardware and s/he can take a measurement in virtually any place under almost any circumstances. Moreover the measurement provided can be used as a tool for health coaching applications or effective telecare services aimed in enhancing the user's well being.
Features of the formate dehydrogenase mRNA necessary for decoding of the UGA codon as selenocysteine. (1990)

The fdhF gene encoding the 80-kDa selenopolypeptide subunit of formate dehydrogenase H from Escherichia coli contains an in-frame TGA codon at amino acid position 140, which encodes selenocysteine. We have analyzed how this UGA "sense codon" is discriminated from a UGA codon signaling polypeptide chain termination. Deletions were introduced from the 3' side into the fdhF gene and the truncated 5' segments were fused in-frame to the lacZ reporter gene. Efficient read-through of the UGA codon, as measured by beta-galactosidase activity and incorporation of selenium, was dependent on the presence of at least 40 bases of fdhF mRNA downstream of the UGA codon. There was excellent correlation between the results of the deletion studies and the existence of a putative stem-loop structure lying immediately downstream of the UGA in that deletions extending into the helix drastically reduced UGA translation. Similar secondary structures can be formed in the mRNAs coding for other selenoproteins. Selenocysteine insertion cartridges were synthesized that contained this hairpin structure and variable portions of the fdhF gene upstream of the UGA codon and inserted into the lacZ gene. Expression studies showed that upstream sequences were not required for selenocysteine insertion but that they may be involved in modulating the efficiency of read-through. Translation of the UGA codon was found to occur with high fidelity since it was refractory to ribosomal mutations affecting proofreading and to suppression by the sup-9 gene product.
Improved Preservation of Warm Ischemia-Damaged Porcine Kidneys after Cold Storage in Ecosol, a Novel Preservation Solution (2015)

The preservation quality of warm ischemia-damaged, cold-stored porcine kidneys was improved using the recently developed Ecosol preservation solution compared to HTK.
The feasibility of modern technologies for reinforced concrete containment structures of nuclear power plants (2009)

HIV-1 infection impairs a number of macrophage effector functions, thereby contributing to development of opportunistic infections and the pathogenesis of AIDS. FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis by human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) is inhibited by HIV-1 infection in vitro, and the underlying mechanism was investigated in this study. Inhibition of phagocytosis directly correlated with the multiplicity of HIV-1 infection. Expression of surface FcgammaRs was unaffected by HIV-1 infection, suggesting that inhibition of phagocytosis occurred during or after receptor binding. HIV-1 infection of MDM markedly inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of the cellular proteins, which occurs following engagement of FcgammaRs, suggesting a defect downstream of initial receptor activation. FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis in HIV-infected MDM was associated with inhibition of phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases from two different families, Hck and Syk, defective formation of Syk complexes with other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, and inhibition of paxillin activation. Down-modulation of protein expression but not mRNA of the gamma signaling subunit of FcgammaR (a docking site for Syk) was observed in HIV-infected MDM. Infection of MDM with a construct of HIV-1 in which nef was replaced with the gene for the gamma signaling subunit augmented FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis, suggesting that down-modulation of gamma-chain protein expression in HIV-infected MDM caused the defective FcgammaR-mediated signaling and impairment of phagocytosis. This study is the first to demonstrate a specific alteration in phagocytosis signal transduction pathway, which provides a mechanism for the observed impaired FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis in HIV-infected macrophages and contributes to the understanding of how HIV-1 impairs cell-mediated immunity leading to HIV-1 disease progression.
Production Storage Resource Broker Data Grids (2006)

International data grids are now being built that support joint management of shared collections. An emerging strategy is to build multiple independent data grids, each managed by the local institution. The data grids are then federated to enable controlled sharing of files. We examine the management issues associated with maintaining federations of production data grids, including management of access controls, coordinated sharing of name spaces, replication of data between data grids, and expansion of the data grid federation.
Asymptotic behavior for a quadratic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (2008)

We study the initial-value problem for the quadratic nonlinear Schrodinger equation $$displaylines{ iu_{t}+frac{1}{2}u_{xx}=partial _{x}overline{u}^{2},quad xin mathbb{R},; t>1, cr u(1,x)=u_{1}(x),quad xin mathbb{R}. }$$ For small initial data $u_{1}in mathbf{H}^{2,2}$ we prove that there exists a unique global solution $uin mathbf{C}([1,infty );mathbf{H}^{2,2})$ of this Cauchy problem. Moreover we show that the large time asymptotic behavior of the solution is defined in the region $|x|leq Csqrt{t}$ by the self-similar solution $frac{1}{sqrt{t}}MS(frac{x}{sqrt{t}})$ such that the total mass $$ frac{1}{sqrt{t}}int_{mathbb{R}}MS(frac{x}{sqrt{t}}) dx=int_{mathbb{R}}u_{1}(x)dx, $$ and in the far region $|x|>sqrt{t}$ the asymptotic behavior of solutions has rapidly oscillating structure similar to that of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equations.
Modeling crystal shapes of organic materials grown from solution (2000)

Abstract The shape of a crystalline organic solid has a major impact on its downstream processing and on its end‐product quality, issues that are becoming increasingly important in the specialty and fine chemical, as well as the pharmaceutical and life science, industries. Though it is widely known that improved crystal shapes can be achieved by varying the conditions of crystallization (such as solvent type and impurity levels), there is far less understanding of how to effect such a change. Until recently, most methods for predicting crystal shapes were based exclusively on the internal crystal structure, and hence could not account for solvent or impurity effects. New approaches, however, offer the possibility of accurately predicting the effects of solvents. Models for predicting crystal shape are reviewed, as well as their utility for process and product design.