gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective fabrication of InGaN nanostructures by the focused ion beam/metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process (2000)

In the present article we report on the selective fabrication of InGaN nanostructures on Si coated GaN/sapphire substrates using the focused ion beam (FIB)/metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process. InGaN quantum dots and InGaN quantum wires have been fabricated. The process combines window openings in the Si mask layer with localized highly energetic Ga+ FIB irradiation, subsequent photo-assisted wet chemical etching in a solution of KOH:H2O2 (3:1 by mole) and finally the growth of InGaN/GaN nanostructures using MOCVD. This technique proved to be efficient in realizing practically damage-free etching, hence preventing the deterioration of the nanostructure’s crystal quality. The density, size, and positions of the nanostructures could be well designed and controlled using the above process. Structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy observations, and optical investigation by cathodoluminescence were carried out.
Trimethylsilyl Triflate Induced Reaction of Humulene 6,7-Epoxide. Cyclization to 5-Hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyltricyclo[6.3.0.02,4]undec-9-ene (1982)

Abstract Humulene 6,7-epoxide was converted by treatment with trimethylsilyl triflate to 5-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl[6.3.0.02,4]undec-9-ene in 81% yield.
Deep Abstract Q-Networks (2018)

We examine the problem of learning and planning on high-dimensional domains with long horizons and sparse rewards. Recent approaches have shown great successes in many Atari 2600 domains. However, domains with long horizons and sparse rewards, such as Montezuma's Revenge and Venture, remain challenging for existing methods. Methods using abstraction (Dietterich 2000; Sutton, Precup, and Singh 1999) have shown to be useful in tackling long-horizon problems. We combine recent techniques of deep reinforcement learning with existing model-based approaches using an expert-provided state abstraction. We construct toy domains that elucidate the problem of long horizons, sparse rewards and high-dimensional inputs, and show that our algorithm significantly outperforms previous methods on these domains. Our abstraction-based approach outperforms Deep Q-Networks (Mnih et al. 2015) on Montezuma's Revenge and Venture, and exhibits backtracking behavior that is absent from previous methods.
An Intelligent Thermal Error Compensation System for CNC Machining Centers (2007)

A measurement and compensation control system for the spindle thermal expansion of machine tools has been developed in this study. The low cost but accurate thermal sensor of AD 590 IC and the tool setting probe MP4 of Renishaw Co. were developed for the measurements of temperature and spindle expansion respectively. Instead of the non-cutting condition as specified by the ISO230-3, the proposed thermal error model is derived from the real cutting condition. With the proper selection of sensor locations, a linear error model with respect to only one or two temperature terms could always be single board computer was then developed to compensate for the thermal error in real time. As the error model can be generated in one day under hazard conditions and the whole system is low cost, this system is suitable for industrial use. The intelligent features of this system include: fast model generation, self-malfunction detection, real-time temperature display, EMI removal, automatic compensation, and suitable for most ambient conditions. Experimental tests show the thermal error of a general type CNC machining center can be controlled to within 10µm.
Dimerization of the Human E3 Ligase CHIP via a Coiled-coil Domain Is Essential for Its Activity (2004)

The Hsp70-interacting E3-ubiquitin ligase CHIP has been implicated in the decision as to whether a target protein enters the refolding or the degradation pathway. To further characterize the activity of CHIP we purified untagged Homo sapiens and Drosophila melanogaster CHIP (hCHIP, dCHIP). In contrast to other E3-ubiquitin ligases, both hCHIP and dCHIP proteins formed homodimers at physiological concentrations. We identified a predicted coiled-coil region in a mixed charge segment of the hCHIP and dCHIP sequence and found it to be necessary and sufficient for dimer formation. A mutant of hCHIP lacking this segment (hCHIPdelta-(128-229)) was incapable of dimer formation, but the segment by itself (hCHIP-(128-229)) readily dimerized. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dimerization is a prerequisite for activity of hCHIP in the reconstituted ubiquitination assay. Control of dimerization may thus provide a mechanism for regulation of CHIP activity.
Electrochemical Aptasensors (2009)

Abstract This review presents electrochemical aptasensors reported in the literature. Their development has been growing as evidenced by the increasing number of scientific publications on this subject since 2004. Aptasensors are presented according to their transduction mode, including the most described amperometric and impedimetric devices as well as FETs and the first very recently reported potentiometric aptasensor. ‘Signal‐on’ (positive readout signal) and less sensitive ‘signal‐off’ (negative readout signal) aptasensors are reviewed based on target binding‐induced conformational change of aptamers or on target binding‐induced strand displacement or even on both processes. Aptamer‐labeled and aptamer label‐free devices are presented separately.
Syntheses of 4-methyl-s-triazolo(4,3-a)purin-9(4H)-ones and tetrazolo(1,5-a)purin-9(4H)-ones as aza analogs of "Y" bases. (1985)

4-Methyl-s-triazolo [4, 3-a] purin-9 (4H)-ones (IV) were synthesized by the condensation of 2-hydrazino-3-methylpurin-6 (3H)-ones (III), which were derived from the reaction of 3-methyl-2-thioxanthines (II) with hydrazine hydrate, with appropriate ortho esters. 7-Aryl-4-methyl-s-triazolo [4, 3-a] purin-9 (4H)-ones (VI) were synthesized by the oxidative cyclization of 2-arylidenehydrazino-3-methylpurin-6 (3H)-ones (V), which were derived from the reaction of III with appropriate benzaldehydes, with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DAD) or with air in glacial acetic acid. 7-Mercapto-4-methyl-s-triazolo [4, 3-a] purin-9 (4H)-ones (VII) were also prepared in a manner similar to that used for III, but using carbon disulfide, and VII were further converted into the corresponding 7-alkylthio derivatives VIII by alkylation. The treatment of III with nitrous acid afforded the corresponding 4-methyltetrazolo [1, 5-a] purin-9 (4H)-ones (IX).
Determination of Solvent–Polymer and Polymer–Polymer Flory–Huggins Interaction Parameters for Poly(3-hexylthiophene) via Solvent Vapor Swelling (2013)

We report the use of solvent vapor swelling of ultrathin polymer films to determine Flory–Huggins solvent–polymer and polymer–polymer interaction parameters (χi–j) for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polystyrene (PS) over a wide solvent composition range. From the calculated interaction parameters, we constructed a polymer/polymer/solvent phase diagram that was validated experimentally. χtetrahydrofuran–P3HT (1.04 ± 0.04) and χCHCl3–P3HT (0.99 ± 0.01) were determined through swelling of ultrathin P3HT films. Similar experiments using PS films gave χtetrahydrofuran–PS = 0.41 ± 0.02 and χCHCl3–PS = 0.39 ± 0.01, consistent with literature values. As expected, these χi–j parameters indicated that P3HT is less compatible than PS with either solvent. From δPS (17.9 ± 0.2 MPa1/2) and δP3HT (14.8 ± 0.2 MPa1/2), determined through regular solution theory, we calculated χPS–P3HT = 0.48 ± 0.06 at 23 °C. The resulting phase diagram was validated by solution-based transmission measurements of PS/P3HT blends in o-xylene. Although we focused on PS/P3HT blends in this work, this approach is easily adaptable to other polymer/polymer combinations of interest.
Structural and optical properties of sol-gel-processed BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films (1991)

BaTiO3 thin films having a perovskite structure were deposited onto stainless steel and fused quartz substrates by sol-gel processing. Crystalline, transparent, and crack-free films of 5000 Å thickness were fabricated by spinning and post-deposition annealing at a temperature of 600 °C. Ferroelectric properties were confirmed by P-E hysteresis loops. The dielectric constant and optical transmission were also measured.
Power Aware NUMA Scheduler in VMware's ESXi Hypervisor (2015)

Virtualized platforms have emerged as the top solution for cloud computing, especially in today's power-constrained data centers. Virtualization helps save power and energy by allowing physical machines to be replaced by virtual machines (VMs) and then consolidated onto a smaller number of physical hosts. The number of physical hosts that are powered on can even be dynamically varied, as with VMware's Distributed Power Management (DPM) feature. At a lower level, it remains valuable to manage power usage within each individual host, and typical systems, including VMware's ESXi hypervisor, do so by adjusting each processor's P-states (frequency and voltage states) and Cstates (idle states) according to the demands of the current workload. With current NUMA systems, however, there is an intermediate level of power management possible that has gone largely unexplored. In this paper we propose to optimize the placement of virtual machines on NUMA enabled systems, such that the overall energy consumption of the virtualized system is reduced with minimal impact on VM performance. Our heuristics exploit a relatively new CPU hardware feature, called independent package C-states. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first work on making a NUMA scheduler power-aware by exploiting independent package C-states. We implemented a simple heuristic in ESXi and observed power savings of up to 26% and energy efficiency improvements of up to 30% using four realistic workloads and two micro-benchmarks.
Comparative Assessment of GORETEX™ and NEOPRENE™ Vapor Barriers in a Firefighter Turn-Out Coat (1980)

A series of 18 laboratory tests using one male and two female subjects was carried out to assess the impact of a GORETEXTM barrier and a NEOPRENE™ vapor barrier on the ventilation characteristics of a firefighter turn-out coat. Clothing air-space temperatures were monitored while test subjects performed under a standardized treadmill exercise protocol. It was found that a GORETEX barrier contributed to lower clothing heat build-up than did a NEOPRENE vapor barrier. The improved heat dissipation characteristics of the GORETEX barrier may reduce heat stress and improve comfort for firefighters during firefighting operations.
Comparison of Nonmaize Hosts to Support Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Biology (2004)

With the recent commercialization of transgenic rootworm-resistant maize with high levels of antibiosis to larval feeding, the biology of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on hosts beyond maize, Zea mays L., has become an important topic for which data are limited. Larval survivorship and growth parameters were monitored on the roots of 29 plant species comprised of maize, maize-field weeds, native prairie grasses, forage grasses, and small grain crops. Data on larval recovery and growth (measured as increases in head capsule width and accumulation of dry weight) were recorded at five samplings (6, 10, 14, 20, and 24 d) after initial infestation of the 29 species. Recovery and growth parameters were analyzed for inter- and intraspecific differences within and among sampling dates. Larvae survived at least 6 d after infestation on 27 species and 24 d on 23 plant species. Larval recovery and growth were impacted by both species and time after infestation. Growth and development of larvae were significantly slower on most plant species beyond maize; however, 18 of the species had larvae develop to the second instar, whereas larvae on 14 species developed to the third instar. Adults were recovered from five plant species in addition to maize. Because rootworm-resistant transgenic maize with high levels of antibiosis has become a part of the agroecosystem, weeds in grassy maize fields as well as adjacent forage grass species may become more important in the western corn rootworm life cycle, particularly because genes conferring resistance to postemergent herbicides such as glyphosate are stacked with transgenic rootworm-resistant maize hybrids.
Molecular Recognition of Carbohydrates with Acyclic Pyridine-Based Receptors (2004)

The recognition capabilities of acyclic pyridine-based receptors toward monosaccharides were evaluated. Aminopyridine receptors based on the 2,4,6-trimethyl- or 2,4,6-triethylbenzene frame show high beta vs alpha binding selectivity in the recognition of glucopyranosides. Amidopyridine receptors, which are sterically less hindered at nitrogen, display high efficiency and an inverse selectivity. The 2-aminopyridine group has been established as a highly effective recognition group in the binding of monosaccharides. The factors influencing the binding properties of receptors 1-15, which differ in the nature and number of binding and spacer subunits used as the buildings blocks, are discussed.
Large, unstable inserts in the chromosome affect virulence properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli O6 strain 536 (1986)

The hemolytic, uropathogenic Escherichia coli 536 (O6:K15:H31) contains two inserts in its chromosome (insert I and insert II), both of which carried hly genes, were rather unstable, and were deleted spontaneously with a frequency of 10(-3) to 10(-4). These inserts were not found in the chromosome of two nonhemolytic E. coli strains, whereas the chromosomal sequences adjacent to these inserts appeared to be again homologous in the uropathogenic and two other E. coli strains. Insert I was 75 kilobases in size and was flanked at both ends by 16 base pairs (bp) (TTCGACTCCTGTGATC) which were arranged in direct orientation. For insert I it was demonstrated that deletion occurred by recombination between the two 16-bp flanking sequences, since mutants lacking this insert still carried a single copy of the 16-bp sequence in the chromosome. Both inserts contained a functional hemolysin determinant. However, the loss of the inserts not only affected the hemolytic phenotype but led to a considerable reduction in serum resistance and the loss of mannose-resistant hemagglutination, caused by the presence of S-type fimbriae (sfa). It is shown that the Sfa-negative phenotype is due to a block in transcription of the sfa genes. Mutants of strain 536 which lacked both inserts were entirely avirulent when tested in several animal model systems.
The journey to electronic interdisciplinary care plans (2012)

Jones, Keisha L. MHA, BSN, RN; Jamerson, Carlene MSA, BSN, RN, FACHE; Pike, Suzanne BS, BSN, RN Author Information
Reproducibility of stable isotope-labeled tracer measures of VLDL-triglyceride and VLDL-apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics (2007)

To gain insight into the mechanisms regulating plasma lipid homeostasis, FFA, VLDL-triglyceride (TG), and VLDL-apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) kinetics are commonly assessed using stable isotope-labeled tracer methods. The reproducibility of these measurements, which is critical for the experimental design, is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the repeatability of plasma FFA, VLDL-TG, and VLDL-apoB-100 kinetics in eight healthy men using stable isotope-labeled tracer techniques. There were no systematic differences in plasma FFA, VLDL-TG, and VLDL-apoB-100 concentrations and kinetics between the two studies. Intraindividual day-to-day variability for various outcome variables ranged from 15% to 25%, and almost all of this was of biological origin. The most robust outcome variables were FFA rate of appearance and hepatic VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB-100 secretion rates; the least robust were VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB-100 plasma clearance rates and mean residence times. Overall, physiologically meaningful differences in mean values (i.e., 25-30% in magnitude) can be obtained with a sample size of 6-10 subjects for paired studies and 12-20 subjects per group for cross-sectional studies, assuming a type I error rate of 0.05 and a type II error rate of 0.20 (i.e., 80% power). These findings will be useful for future studies investigating FFA, VLDL-TG, and VLDL-apoB-100 kinetics with the methods described.
Novel Micro/Nanostructures of Polyaniline in the Presence of Different Amino Acids via a Self-assembly Process (2007)

Abstract Novel micro/nanostructures of polyaniline were synthesized via a self-assembly method in the presence of different amino acids, such as tryptophan, lysine, and aspartic acid. It was found that the morphologies, including spinous microspheres, smooth nanospheres, and nanosticks/tubes determined by SEM and TEM images, were related to the kind of different amino acids. The structures of the products were measured by FT-IR spectra and UV–vis spectra.
Adaptive Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation for Satellite Downlinks: Architecture Trades and Performance Analysis (2013)

Dual Polarization Frequency Reuse (DPFR) effectively doubles the available frequency spectrum by simultaneously transmitting two independent signals over the same frequency band by using orthogonal polarizations. The result is a communication link whose capacity is essentially doubled. Such system gain does not come without its potential impairments. At higher frequencies, depolarization can occur due to several factors such as rain or poor antenna axial ratio thereby inducing interference and reducing link availability. For satellite-to-ground links, Adaptive Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation (AXPIC) can be employed to mitigate the effects of depolarization and maximize link availability. Using the framework of a modem to be employed in a satellite downlink, AXPIC design trades and their system impacts are discussed. Laboratory tests producing cross-polarization channels are described along with performance test results for a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) AXPIC. As a benchmark with respect to un-restricted system complexity, modulation constrained information rate analysis for DPFR with cross-polarization interference is derived. Information theoretic analysis for a MMSE AXPIC is also presented with laboratory test results showing performance gains consistent with analysis.
[Preparation and degradation characteristics of bone repair composite--PDLLA/HA/DBM]. (2003)

The emulsion blend method is a new method to prepare bone repair materials. As a new bone repair material, PDLLA/HA/DBM is suitable for bone tissue engineering for its good characteristics of porosity and degeneration.
Increased CD200 expression in acute myeloid leukemia is linked with an increased frequency of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (2012)

Increased CD200 expression in acute myeloid leukemia is linked with an increased frequency of FoxP3 + regulatory T cells
Using metal nanostructures to form hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight (2011)

Based on experimental results, we propose a mechanism that allows the use of metal nanostructures to synthesize hydrocarbons and carbohydrates from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. When sunlight impinges on cobalt nanostructures in a glass chamber, its intensity is greatly enhanced around the tips of the nanostructures through surface plasmon excitations focusing effect, and it then photodissociates the water and carbon dioxide molecules through enhanced photon absorptions of ions around the tips of the nanostructures. The photodissociated molecules in excited states remain on the cobalt nanostructure surfaces and various hydrocarbons and carbohydrates then will be formed around the surfaces at temperatures much lower than 100 oC.
Fault Locator approach for high-impedance grounded or ungrounded distribution systems using synchrophasors (2015)

Fault Locators in general are designed for HV solidly grounded systems because of the importance of fault location detection in the overhead transmission lines. In distribution line fault location there are some developments that are based again on the impedance measurement from one end. Accurate fault location in distribution systems is more difficult to achieve because of the existence of multiple branches and also because system neutral point is usually grounded through the high impedance or is ungrounded. In these conditions, fault current is low and with a high capacitive component.
Efficacy and safety of fosravuconazole L‐lysine ethanolate, a novel oral triazole antifungal agent, for the treatment of onychomycosis: A multicenter, double‐blind, randomized phase <scp>III</scp> study (2018)

Fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate (F-RVCZ) is a prodrug of ravuconazole, a novel triazole antifungal agent, exerting broad and potent antifungal activity. The efficacy and safety of F-RVCZ, compared with a placebo, were investigated in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study of Japanese onychomycosis patients with 25% or more clinical involvement of the target toenail. Subjects (n = 153) were randomly assigned to receive F-RVCZ (100 mg RVCZ, n = 101) or placebo (n = 52) p.o. once daily for 12 weeks. The primary end-point was the rate of complete cure (clinical cure [0% clinical involvement of the target toenail] plus mycological cure [negative potassium hydroxide examination]) at week 48 (36-week post-treatment visit). Secondary end-points were changes over time in the efficacy and mycological effect of F-RVCZ. Safety was also evaluated. The complete cure rate at week 48 was significantly higher with F-RVCZ (59.4%, 60/101) than the placebo (5.8%, 3/52) in the full analysis set (P < 0.001). The mycological cure rate at week 48 was also significantly higher with F-RVCZ (82.0%, 73/89) than the placebo (20.0%, 10/50, P < 0.001). Regarding safety, adverse events were observed in 83.2% (84/101) and 80.8% (42/52), and adverse drug reactions (ADR) in 23.8% (24/101) and 3.8% (2/52) of F-RVCZ and placebo subjects, respectively. ADR were mild to moderate in severity, with none being serious. F-RVCZ (equivalent to 100 mg ravuconazole) administrated once daily for 12 weeks was more effective than placebo and tolerable in patients with onychomycosis, suggesting it to be a promising drug for onychomycosis treatment.
<title>Verifying the secure setup of UNIX client/servers and detection of network intrusion</title> (1996)

This paper describes our technical approach to developing and delivering Unix host- and network-based security products to meet the increasing challenges in information security. Today's global `Infosphere' presents us with a networked environment that knows no geographical, national, or temporal boundaries, and no ownership, laws, or identity cards. This seamless aggregation of computers, networks, databases, applications, and the like store, transmit, and process information. This information is now recognized as an asset to governments, corporations, and individuals alike. This information must be protected from misuse. The Security Profile Inspector (SPI) performs static analyses of Unix-based clients and servers to check on their security configuration. SPI's broad range of security tests and flexible usage options support the needs of novice and expert system administrators alike. SPI's use within the Department of Energy and Department of Defense has resulted in more secure systems, less vulnerable to hostile intentions. Host-based information protection techniques and tools must also be supported by network-based capabilities. Our experience shows that a weak link in a network of clients and servers presents itself sooner or later, and can be more readily identified by dynamic intrusion detection techniques and tools. The Network Intrusion Detector (NID) is one such tool. NID is designed to monitor and analyze activity on the Ethernet broadcast Local Area Network segment and product transcripts of suspicious user connections. NID's retrospective and real-time modes have proven invaluable to security officers faced with ongoing attacks to their systems and networks.