gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual search for color differences with foveal and peripheral vision (1990)

Color differences required for fast parallel searches were measured for small and large display fields. The main purpose of the measurement was to test the hypothesis that serial searches obtained with small color differences in large display fields are due to poor discrimination in the peripheral visual field and to the need for foveal fixation. Results do not support this hypothesis but show that the color differences required for parallel search are just as large in a display confined to an area roughly the size of the fovea as in a large display. However, results also show that the color difference required for a fast, parallel search is dependent on the size of the stimuli in a large display field. This result is consistent with the possibility that poor discrimination in the periphery may contribute to the size of the required differences if the stimuli are small.
Optimal time allocation for two‐way relay channel using physical‐layer network coding (2014)

This study proposes an optimal time allocation scheme for two‐way relay channel (TWRC) using the physical‐layer network coding (PNC). In other words, this study analytically determines the optimal transmit time durations for the first and the second time slot, which maximise the achievable sum rate under a sum time constraint for a given squared magnitude of the channel coefficients and transmit power values. Numerical results show that the achievable sum rate for the proposed optimal time allocation is greater than or equal to that for equal time allocation.
Utilización de la noción “ser múltiplo” por maestros de educación primaria en formación (2013)

El presente trabajo forma parte de una investigacion en desarrollo sobre divisibilidad como conocimiento matematico de maestros de educacion primaria en formacion. En este documento presentamos algunos resultados sobre una de las relaciones consideradas: �ser multiplo�. Analizamos las producciones de 55 futuros maestros mediante una prueba escrita, con el fin de delimitar si identificamos diferentes formas de expresar tal relacion. Los futuros maestros no utilizaron el termino relacion en sus respuestas sobre ser multiplo. Mayoritariamente, se basaron en operaciones aritmeticas, con predominio del producto.
Agents as Web services (2002)

Web services are extremely flexible. Most advantageously, a developer of Web services need not know who or what will use the services being provided. The paper discusses current standards for Web services, directory services and the Semantic Web. It considers how agents extend Web services in several important ways.
Molecular characterization of a cross-reactive idiotope on human immunoglobulins utilizing the VH4-21 gene segment. (1993)

The anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibody (Ab) 9G4 binds a cross-reactive idiotope (CRI) present in a select group of human autoantibodies. This Id has been localized to the portion of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) chains encoded by the VH4-21 gene segment, a member of the human VH4 family. This gene segment is utilized by essentially all cold agglutinin (CA) Abs with I/i specificity isolated from patients with CA disease stemming from chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. In this study, mutational analysis of a CA has been used to determine the structural basis for 9G4 binding to Abs utilizing the VH4-21 gene segment. Recombinant CA H chain mutants were produced and their 9G4 reactivity determined. Mutants were generated by exchanging VH4-21 sequences in the FR1, CDR1, and CDR2 with corresponding sequences from a closely related gene segment V71-2, a VH4 family member that is associated neither with Abs having CA activity nor with Abs that react with 9G4. The results indicate that the motif AVY at amino acid positions 23-25 in FR1 defines the 9G4 idiotope. Reaction of these recombinant Abs with a polyclonal rabbit anti-CA antiserum absorbed to render it specific for a CA CRI also maps predominantly to FR1. These findings indicate that the solvent-exposed FR1 plays an important role in eliciting an immune response to Igs.
Matrix Attachment Region Binding Protein MFP1 Is Localized in Discrete Domains at the Nuclear Envelope (1999)

Recently, it has been suggested that nuclear processes, such as replication, transcription, and splicing, are spatially organized and associated with a nuclear framework called the nuclear matrix, a structure of unknown molecular composition. It has been shown that chromatin is attached to the nuclear matrix via specific DNA fragments called matrix attachment regions (MARs). We have begun to dissect the plant nuclear matrix by isolating a DNA binding protein with specific affinity for MARs. Here, it is shown that MAR binding filament-like protein 1 (MFP1) is associated with specklelike structures at the nuclear periphery that are part of isolated nuclei and the nuclear matrix. A predicted N-terminal transmembrane domain is necessary for the specific targeting of MFP1 to the speckles, indicating an association with the nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum continuum. In addition, it is shown that a marker protein for plant microtubule organizing centers, which has been shown to be localized on the outside of the plant nuclear envelope, is also part of the nuclear matrix. These findings indicate a close and previously undescribed connection in plants between the nuclear envelope and the internal nuclear matrix, and they suggest a function for MFP1 in attaching chromatin to specific sites at the nuclear periphery.
A Comparative Study on Disparity Analysis Based on Convergentand Rectified Views (2000)

In this paper, we present results of a comparative study on disparity analysis of convergent stereo systems. If the epipolar geometry is known, disparity analysis can be performed by computing the disparity along the epipolar line in the original views. Using a parallel stereo algorithm, the convergent views have to be rectified in order to have horizontal and parallel epipolar lines. In this study, both approaches are investigated with respect to the computational effort and the quality of the disparity analysis results.
Holographic Whisper (2017)

We propose a novel method of spatial audio rendering using ultrasound. An ultrasonic phased array generates one or more focal points in air, and they act as point sources of audible sound when the ultrasound waves are modulated. Our sound-point loudspeaker has two major advantages over conventional ultrasound-based sound-beam (superdirectional) loudspeakers. The higher audience selectivity means that our sound-point loudspeaker can deliver sound to the ears of the target person, whereas a sound-beam loudspeaker delivers sound to not only the target person but also other persons standing in the same direction. The other advantage is lower exposure to ultrasound; while an audible sound beam travels along an ultrasonic beam in a soundbeam loudspeaker, audible sound can be heard along the direction perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam in our soundpoint loudspeaker. This paper reports the principles of our sound-point loudspeaker, prototype construction, evaluation, and applications.
A Large-Scale Architecture for Restricted Boltzmann Machines (2010)

Deep Belief Nets (DBNs) are an emerging application in the machine learning domain, which use Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) as their basic building block. Although small scale DBNs have shown great potential, the computational cost of RBM training has been a major challenge in scaling to large networks. In this paper we present a highly scalable architecture for Deep Belief Net processing on hardware systems that can handle hundreds of boards, if not more, of customized logic with near linear performance increase. We elucidate tradeoffs between flexibility in the neuron connections, and the hardware resources, such as memory and communication bandwidth, required to build a custom processor design that has optimal efficiency. We illustrate how our architecture can easily support sparse networks with dense regions of connections between neighboring sets of neurons, which is relevant to applications where there are obvious spatial correlations in the data, such as in image processing. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by implementing a multi-FPGA system. We show that a speedup of 46X-112X over an optimized single core CPU implementation can be achieved for a four-FPGA implementation.
The Status Gradient of Trends in Social Media (2021)

An active line of research has studied the detection and representation of trends in social media content. There is still relatively little understanding, however, of methods to characterize the early adopters of these trends: who picks up on these trends at different points in time, and what is their role in the system? We develop a framework for analyzing the population of users who participate in trending topics over the course of these topics' lifecycles. Central to our analysis is the notion of a {\em status gradient}, describing how users of different activity levels adopt a trend at different points in time. Across multiple datasets, we find that this methodology reveals key differences in the nature of the early adopters in different domains.
Synthesis and properties of cross-linkable polysiloxane via incorporating benzocyclobutene (2014)

Benzocyclobutene (BCB), as a reactive group, was incorporated into the side chains of polysiloxane via platinum/carbon hydrosilylation reaction. The hydrosilylation reaction showed good tunability for the incorporation ratio of BCB pendant groups. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that upon heating the BCB-containing polysiloxanes, great exothermic reaction occurred via [4+2] cycloaddtion reaction involving vinyl and BCB. The onset decomposition temperature ( T donset ) of the BCB-siloxane resins reaches 518°C. This high T d demonstrates an excellent thermal resistance. The high-temperature performance of the resulting polymers illustrates the power of benzocyclobutene pendant groups in the design and preparation of potential high-performance silicon resins.
Estimating regional brain activity from evoked potential fields on the scalp (1993)

Potential fields on the surface of the brain were estimated from discretely sampled scalp fields in human subjects. Relatively simple methods of linear algebra were combined with detailed anatomical information from magnetic resonance imaging. The method was verified using a tank model of the human head that encased a fully hydrated human skull in a polymer matrix of controlled resistivity matching that of human brain and scalp. Brain surface fields evoked by checkerboard contrast reversal, spread less than their scalp field counterparts, and provided information helpful in localizing brain activity.
Efficient Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered Olefins with Borane−Methyl Sulfide Complex (1996)

Sterically hindered olefins are efficiently reduced to the corresponding alkanes by the borane−methyl sulfide (BMS) complex at room temperature (or below) in dichloromethane containing a mild one-electron oxidant (such as an aromatic cation radical) or by the passage of an anodic current. In an alternative procedure, the hydrogenation of the same (electron-rich) olefins with the BMS complex (in the absence of a one-electron oxidant) is also carried out in the presence of a strong Brønsted acid (such as HBF4). In the oxidative activation, olefin cation radicals are the first observable intermediates, and separate experiments (including transient electrochemistry) confirm the facile reduction of the olefin cation radical by borane to produce the corresponding alkane. The direct protonation of olefins produces carbocationic intermediates which are also efficiently reduced by borane to the corresponding alkanes. The intermediacy of both olefin cation radicals and carbocations in the hydrogenation procedure with borane is discussed.
The role of M2‐2 PDZ‐binding motifs in pulmonary innate immune responses to human metapneumovirus (2020)

Abstract Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in pediatric and geriatric populations. We recently found that two PDZ‐binding motifs of the M2‐2 protein, 29‐DEMI‐32 and 39‐KEALSDGI‐46, play a significant role in mediating HMPV immune evasion in airway epithelial cells (AECs). However, their role in the overall pulmonary responses to HMPV infection has not been investigated. In this study, we found that two recombinant HMPVs (rHMPV) lacking the individual M2‐2 PDZ‐binding motif are attenuated in mouse lungs. Mice infected with mutants produce more cytokines/chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid compared to mice infected with wild‐type rHMPV. In addition, both mutants are able to enhance the pulmonary recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells and induce effective protections against the HMPV challenge. The DC maturation is also significantly improved by the motif mutation. Taken together, our data provide proof‐of‐principle for two live‐attenuated M2‐2 mutants to be promising HMPV vaccine candidates that are effective in inducing higher pulmonary innate immunity and generating protection against HMPV infection.
Popularity Prediction of Social Multimedia Based on Concept Drift (2013)

Microblogging services such as Twitter and Plurk allow users to easily access and share different types of social multimedia (e.g. images and videos) over the online social world. However, information overload happens to users and prohibits them from reaching popular and important digital contents. This paper studies the problem of predicting the popularity of social multimedia which is embedded in short messages of microblogging social networks. Social multimedia exhibits the property that they might be persistently or periodically re-shared and thus their popularity might resurrect at some time and evolve over time. We exploit the idea of concept drift to capture this property. We formulate the problem using classification, and propose to tackle the tasks of Re-share classification and Popularity Score classification. Two categories of features are devised and extracted, including information diffusion and explicit multimedia meta information. We develop a concept drift-based popularity predictor, by ensembling multiple trained classifiers from social multimedia instances in different time intervals. The key lies in dynamically determining the ensemble weights of classifiers. Experiments conducted on the Plurk data show the high accuracy on the popularity classification and the promising results on detecting popular social multimedia.
The <i>in vivo</i> distribution of autologous human and murine lymphoid cells grown in T cell growth factor (TCGF): implications for the adoptive immunotherapy of tumors. (1980)

Abstract The in vivo distribution of lymphoid cells grown in T cell growth factor (TCGF) has been studied after i.v. injection in both the mouse and human. Lymphoid cells were cultured in TCGF for 3 to 4 wk and increased in cell number 103- to 104-fold. Murine cells were labeled with 51Cr, and the in vivo distribution of normal and TCGF-cultured cells were compared by performing whole body and individual organ counts at varying intervals after i.v. injection. Cells cultured in TCGF were localized to the lungs in the first 4 hr after injection and redistributed to the liver and spleen over the next 24 hr; 72% and 57% of the injected counts remained in the mouse at 4 and 28 hr, respectively. Human lymphoid cells grown in TCGF were labeled with 67Ga or I11In, and the organ distribution of injected cells was noninvasively measured by rectilinear scanning using a whole body imager, point counting over individual organs with a collimated whole body scanner, and using a computer-interfaced gamma camera to assess total organ distribution of measured radioactivity. In addition, blood and urine samples were collected at varying intervals after cell injection and analyzed for radioactivity. The in vivo distribution of cells grown in TCGF in the human was very similar to that in the mouse. Cells at 4 hr appeared in high numbers in the lungs (30%), and subsequently at 24 and 48 hr they were found almost exclusively in the liver (48%) and spleen (25%). No toxicity of any kind was seen after the infusion of up to 5 × 108 cells i.v. in the human. These studies represent the first attempts to study in vivo in the human the effects of lymphoid cells grown in TCGF and demonstrate the safety of i.v. injection of these cells. The implications for the role of these cells in the immunotherapy of human and experimental tumors is discussed.
Forensic analysis of wireless networking evidence of Android smartphones (2012)

This paper introduces a method for acquiring forensic-grade evidence from Android smartphones using open source tools. We investigate in particular cases where the suspect has made use of the smartphone's Wi-Fi or Bluetooth interfaces. We discuss the forensic analysis of four case studies, which revealed traces that were left in the inner structure of three mobile Android devices and also indicated security vulnerabilities. Subsequently, we propose a detailed plan for forensic examiners to follow when dealing with investigations of potential crimes committed using the wireless facilities of a suspect Android smartphone. This method can be followed to perform physical acquisition of data without using commercial tools and then to examine them safely in order to discover any activity associated with wireless communications. We evaluate our method using the Association of Chief Police Officers' (ACPO) guidelines of good practice for computer-based, electronic evidence and demonstrate that it is made up of an acceptable host of procedures for mobile forensic analysis, focused specifically on device Bluetooth and Wi-Fi facilities.
Interaction of diethyldithiocarbamate with n-type cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide: efficient photoelectrochemical oxidation to the disulfide and flat-band potential of the semiconductor as a function of adsorbate concentration (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of diethyldithiocarbamate with n-type cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide: efficient photoelectrochemical oxidation to the disulfide and flat-band potential of the semiconductor as a function of adsorbate concentrationJames W. Thackeray, Michael J. Natan, Pohleng. Ng, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 13, 3570–3577Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00273a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00273a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views411Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quasi-Pilot Signals: Improving Sensitivity and TTFF without Compromises (2011)

The scope of this paper is to present the new concept of Quasi-Pilot signals. The solution here proposed is designed specifically for the Galileo E1-OS signal to replace the E1-C component, but as it will be shown could be easily extended to any satellite navigation signal. The paper starts with a review of the Galileo E1-OS signal structure, properties and a short assessment of its performance, in order to better point out the objectives aimed by the introduction of the Quasi-Pilot concept. In the successive section this concept is introduced and its properties and characteristics are deepened. In particular it will be explained that the primary goal is to optimize the Galileo E1-OS signal structure in order to solve one of its major shortcomings, and namely the long waiting time for retrieving the system time reference from the I/NAV message. As it will be shown the intended solution is to transmit on the current pilot channel a data message at a very low data rate containing just the system time reference. The Quasi-Pilot message will be shown to be 100% predictable and therefore, once achieved fine-time synchronization, the receiver can perform a wipe off of the predicted symbol sequence and use the Quasi-Pilot as a pure pilot signal, with all the benefits when tracking data-less signals. The design of the signal will be presented considering different configurations each with a different level of impact on the current Galileo E1-OS signal structure. A specific section is also dedicated to the issue of secondary codes, discussing the opportunity of adding a secondary code on top of the Quasi-Pilot symbols with the scope of aiding the symbol synchronization and increasing the CDMA isolation among the codes. In the last two sections the receiver architecture modifications to include the Quasi-Pilot is presented and a complete signal performance assessment is provided, where it will be demonstrated that impact on the Galileo signal structure and the implications for the receiver design are minimal. The paper is concluded with some considerations on the concept itself and the obtained results.
Diffusion Adaptation Strategies for Distributed Optimization and Learning Over Networks (2012)

We propose an adaptive diffusion mechanism to optimize global cost functions in a distributed manner over a network of nodes. The cost function is assumed to consist of a collection of individual components. Diffusion adaptation allows the nodes to cooperate and diffuse information in real-time; it also helps alleviate the effects of stochastic gradient noise and measurement noise through a continuous learning process. We analyze the mean-square-error performance of the algorithm in some detail, including its transient and steady-state behavior. We also apply the diffusion algorithm to two problems: distributed estimation with sparse parameters and distributed localization. Compared to well-studied incremental methods, diffusion methods do not require the use of a cyclic path over the nodes and are robust to node and link failure. Diffusion methods also endow networks with adaptation abilities that enable the individual nodes to continue learning even when the cost function changes with time. Examples involving such dynamic cost functions with moving targets are common in the context of biological networks.
Surface alignment bistability of nematic liquid crystals by orientationally frustrated surface patterns (2001)

We demonstrate a robust in-plane bistability of liquid-crystal surface alignment based on tailored submicrometer-sized surface domains imposing a frustrated alignment. By a nanorubbing technique utilizing the atomic force microscope, we prepared an orientational checkerboard pattern on polyimide layer, consisting of square unit domains on which the alignment is locally constrained to be planar yet orthogonal between the neighboring domains. Due to the four-fold rotational symmetry of the pattern, the two diagonal axes of the square domain become equally stable directions for the macroscopic liquid crystal alignment. The alignment could be switched between these two states by an in-plane electric field above a certain threshold, determined by the local azimuthal anchoring.