gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color image sensor using stacked organic photoconductive films with transparent readout circuits separated by thin interlayer insulator (2014)

We have been working on developing an image sensor with three stacked organic photoconductive films (OPFs) sensitive to only one primary color component (red—R, green—G, or blue—B); each OPF has a signal readout circuit. This type of stacked sensor is advantageous for the manufacture of compact color cameras with high-quality pictures, since color separation systems, such as prisms or color filter arrays, are eliminated because of the color selectivity of OPFs. To achieve a high-resolution stacked sensor, its total thickness should be reduced to less than 10 μm. In this study, we fabricated a color image sensor with R and G-sensitive OPFs by applying amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistor (TFT) readout circuits. A 10 μm-thick interlayer insulator separated the R and G-sensitive layers. The entire fabrication process for the device was implemented below 150°C to avoid damaging the OPFs. Output signals were successfully read from each OPF through the TFT circuit, and multi-color images were reproduced from the fabricated sensor.
Oberflächenhärtung von austenitischen Stählen unter Beibehaltung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit* (2001)

Abstract Es wird über Untersuchungen zur Steigerung der Verschleißbeständigkeit austenitischer Stähle durch Aufkohlen berichtet. Randbedingung war, dass die hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit des austenitischen Werkstoffes nicht beeinträchtigt werden darf. Bei der Prozessführung kommt neben weiteren Parametern der Temperatur eine wesentliche Bedeutung zu, um eine Mikrostruktur einzustellen, bei der sich Kohlenstoff in Lösung befindet und keine Chromcarbide ausgeschieden werden. Die Durchführung der Versuche wird beschrieben und die Ergebnisse werden anhand röntgenographischer, chemischer sowie metallographischer Untersuchungen analysiert und bewertet.
Interleukin-5-mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation Inhibits the Human Surfactant Protein C Promoter in Transgenic Mice (2001)

Allergen challenge in the lung of humans and animals is associated with surfactant dysfunction, but the mechanism of this effect has not been established. By using a murine model of asthma we now report the effect of allergen-induced airway inflammation on the expression of transgenes regulated by the human surfactant protein (hSP)-C promoter. The hSP-C 3.7-kilobase pair promoter was used to direct the expression of eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective chemokine, into the lungs of several transgenic lines. As expected, the transgenic mice expressed increased amounts of eotaxin mRNA and protein compared with wild-type mice. Surprisingly, following allergen challenge, there was a marked down-regulation of transgene mRNA in three independent transgenic lines. The down-regulation was in contrast to other related proteins such as endogenous eotaxin and surfactant protein D levels, which were both increased following allergen challenge. Consistent with specific down-regulation of the eotaxin transgene, there was no increase in pulmonary eosinophil levels in the transgenic mice above that found in wild-type mice. Analysis of hSP-C transgenic mice with distinct reporter genes and 3'-untranslated regions revealed that allergen challenge was directly affecting the hSP-C promoter. We hypothesized that allergen-induced down-regulation of the hSP-C promoter was related to the eosinophilic inflammation. To test this, we blocked eosinophilic inflammation in the lungs by treating mice with neutralizing antiserum against interleukin-5. Interestingly, this treatment also blocked allergen-induced inhibition of the hSP-C promoter. These results establish that allergic airway inflammation is associated with up-regulation of the surfactant proteins primarily involved in immunity, whereas down-regulation of the surfactant protein primarily involved in maintaining airway patency. Furthermore, the marked down-regulation of the hSP-C promoter is interleukin-5-dependent, implying a critical role for eosinophilic inflammation. These results suggest that alterations in surfactant protein levels may contribute to immune and airway dysfunction in asthma.
Development of an Ankle-Foot Orthosis with Dorsiflexion Assist, Part 2 (1999)

An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) for hemiplegic patients called the DACS (dorsiflexion assist controlled by spring) AFO was developed. Previous studies have shown the DACS AFO to have the following desirable characteristics: 1) the magnitude of the dorsiflexion assist moment and the initial ankle angle of the AFO can be changed easily, and 2) no plantarflexion assist moment is generated. DACS AFOs were used daily by 5 hemiplegic patients, and their evaluations were favorable. In this paper, the structure and the mechanical characteristics of the DACS AFO and the gait improvement of hemiplegic patients with the DACS AFO are shown.
Microminiature refrigeration (1984)

We present a review of the recently developed microminiature, Joule–Thomson cryogenic refrigerators. These extremely small devices are finding wide scale use in instrumentation and as coolers for the study of materials. They have recently become available through the development of a novel, low-cost photolithographic fabrication process. We present the essentials of heat exchanger design, upon which the refrigerators are critically dependent, discuss the fabrication process, and review some of the present applications and limitations of the refrigerators, together with possible future application for cooling SQUID devices.
Active Documentation: Helping Developers Follow Design Decisions (2019)

Good documentation has long been argued to be key to helping developers write code more quickly and consistently with design decisions, but is left largely disconnected from code. We propose a method for active documentation, where design decisions are made explicit as design rules and checked against code. Developers can discover how to follow a design rule by navigating to examples in their codebase. After editing code, developers receive immediate feedback about which design rules are satisfied and which are violated, notifying developers who miss design decisions about the existence of these design decisions. We implemented our approach in a prototype tool and conducted a user study. Compared to developers using a traditional design document, developers working in an unfamiliar codebase with active documentation were faster and more successful, using active documentation to learn how to follow design decisions through examples and receive immediate feedback on their changes.
A binaural short time objective intelligibility measure for noisy and enhanced speech (2015)

Objective intelligibility measures are increasingly being used to assess the performance of speech processing algorithms, e.g. for hearing aids. It has been shown that the short time objective intelligibility (STOI) measure yields good results in this respect. In this paper we propose a binaural extension of the STOI measure, which predicts binaural advantage using a modified equalization cancellation (EC) stage. The proposed method is evaluated for a range of acoustic conditions. Firstly, the method is able to predict the advantage of spatial separation between a speech target and a speech shaped noise (SSN) interferer. Secondly, the method yields results comparable to the monaural STOI measure when presented with noisy speech processed by ideal time-frequency segregation (ITFS). Finally, the method also performs well when presented with a selection of different acoustic conditions combined with beamforming as used in hearing aids.
Video Compression for Object Detection Algorithms (2018)

Video compression algorithms have been designed aiming at pleasing human viewers, and are driven by video quality metrics that are designed to account for the capabilities of the human visual system. However, thanks to the advances in computer vision systems more and more videos are going to be watched by algorithms, e.g. implementing video surveillance systems or performing automatic video tagging. This paper describes an adaptive video coding approach for computer vision-based systems. We show how to control the quality of video compression so that automatic object detectors can still process the resulting video, improving their detection performance, by preserving the elements of the scene that are more likely to contain meaningful content. Our approach is based on computation of saliency maps exploiting a fast objectness measure. The computational efficiency of this approach makes it usable in a real-time video coding pipeline. Experiments show that our technique outperforms standard H.265 in speed and coding efficiency, and can be applied to different types of video domains, from surveillance to web videos.
Ecology of yeast and epidemiology of yeast infections. (1986)

In the normal human flora yeasts occur regularly and most of them are potential pathogens. Apart from C. albicans, C. glabrata and P. orbiculare they originate mainly from sources outside man. Thus Cryptococcus neoformans has its main reservoir in pidgeon manure. The epidemiology of yeast infections and more particularly those caused by C. albicans has not been well understood until recently when 3 different methods have been developed that allow for differentiation of strains of C. albicans. These methods are based on sensitivity to various chemicals, results of various biochemical tests and the sensitivity to various killer toxins. The methods have made it possible to trace the source and spreading of C. albicans, and may prove useful also in the differentiation of other yeast species.
An Efficient General Method for the Synthesis of Some Intermediates for Heterocyclic Steroids (1981)

Ausgehend von den Ketonen (I) sind auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg Acetyl- (V) und Carbonsaure-Derivate (VI) hergestellt worden, die uber die Zwischenstufe der Secosteroide (VII) in die 1 1-Azasteroide umgewandelt werden konnen.
Synthesis of 1,2,3‐thiadiazolo[4,5‐<i>d</i>] pyridazines, A new heterocyclic ring system (1976)

Abstract A method was developed for the synthesis of 5‐carbethoxy‐4‐formyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole (I), its isomer (II); 5‐benzoyl‐4‐formyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole (III), and its isomer (IV). It was demonstrated that although compounds I, III and IV with hydrazine gave 7 H ‐1,2,3‐thiadiazolo[4,5‐ d ]‐pyridazin‐7‐one (XXII), 7‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazolo[4,5‐ d ]pyridazine (XXIII) and 4‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazolo[4,5‐ d ]pyridazine (XXV), respectively; however, compound I gave its corresponding hydrazone (XXIV).
Pilot‐ and full‐scale two‐phase anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge (1995)

Two‐phase anaerobic digestion tests were conducted at DuPage County, III., to ascertain if this process configuration would alleviate severe foaming and overloading conditions experienced by the existing high‐rate digestion system. Pilot‐scale two‐phase digestion of activated sludge exhibited aggregated carbohydrate‐protein‐lipid and volatile solids (VS) reductions of more than 70%, and gas yield and gas production rate of 0.29 m 3 /kg VS·d and 2.2 volume per culture volume per day, respectively, at an hydraulic retention time 12 days and a loading rate of 4.7 kg VS/m 3 ·d without any evidence of digester foaming; this performance was considerably better than that of high‐rate digestion. Acid‐ and methane‐phase digester culture development was completed in approximately a month. The acid‐digester gases contained 67% CO 2 , 30% CH 4 , 2% nitrogen, 1% H 2 S compared with 30% CO 2 , 69% CH 4 , 0% N 2 , and 0.1% H 2 S in the methane‐digester gases. The methane digester generated 90 volume percent to 95 volume percent of the system methane production. An enrichment culture of fermentative acidogens was established in the acid‐phase digester, whereas the methane digester harbored a dominant population of methanogenic organisms. The existing high‐rate digestion system was converted to a two‐phase digestion process.
Smooth muscle–derived progenitor cell myofibroblast differentiation through KLF4 downregulation promotes arterial remodeling and fibrosis (2020)

Resident vascular adventitial SCA1+ progenitor (AdvSca1) cells are essential in vascular development and injury. However, the heterogeneity of AdvSca1 cells presents a unique challenge in understanding signaling pathways orchestrating their behavior in homeostasis and injury responses. Using smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage-tracing models, we identified a subpopulation of AdvSca1 cells (AdvSca1-SM) originating from mature SMCs that undergo reprogramming in situ and exhibit a multipotent phenotype. Here we employed lineage tracing and RNA-sequencing to define the signaling pathways regulating SMC-to-AdvSca1-SM cell reprogramming and AdvSca1-SM progenitor cell phenotype. Unbiased hierarchical clustering revealed that genes related to hedgehog/WNT/beta-catenin signaling were significantly enriched in AdvSca1-SM cells, emphasizing the importance of this signaling axis in the reprogramming event. Leveraging AdvSca1-SM-specific expression of GLI-Kruppel family member GLI1 (Gli1), we generated Gli1-CreERT2-ROSA26-YFP reporter mice to selectively track AdvSca1-SM cells. We demonstrated that physiologically relevant vascular injury or AdvSca1-SM cell-specific Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) depletion facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of AdvSca1-SM cells to a profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype rather than macrophages. Surprisingly, AdvSca1-SM cells selectively contributed to adventitial remodeling and fibrosis but little to neointima formation. Together, these findings strongly support therapeutics aimed at preserving the AdvSca1-SM cell phenotype as a viable antifibrotic approach.
Verification at RTL Using Separation of Design Concerns (2018)

Design-for-test, logic built-in self-test, memory technology mapping, and clocking concerns require team-months of verification time as they traditionally happen at gate-level. We present a novel concern-oriented methodology that enables automatic insertion of these concerns at the register-transfer-level where verification is easier. The methodology involves three main phases: 1) flipflop inference and instantiation algorithms that handle parametric register transfer level (RTL) modules; 2) transformations that take entry RTL and produce RTL modules where memory elements are separated from functionality; and 3) a concern weaving tool that automatically inserts memory related design concerns implemented in recipe files into the RTL modules. The transformation is sound as proven and validated by equivalence checking using formal verification. We implemented the methodology in a tool that is currently used in an industrial setting wherein it reduced design verification time by more than 40%. The methodology is also effective with open source embedded system frameworks.
Algorithmic Randomness of Closed Sets (2007)

Journal Article Algorithmic Randomness of Closed Sets Get access George Barmpalias, George Barmpalias School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. E-mail: georgeb@math.leeds.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Paul Brodhead, Paul Brodhead Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118105, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. E-mail: brodhead@math.ufl.edu; cenzer@math.ufl.edu; mashadeo@math.ufl.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Douglas Cenzer, Douglas Cenzer Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118105, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. E-mail: brodhead@math.ufl.edu; cenzer@math.ufl.edu; mashadeo@math.ufl.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seyyed Dashti, Seyyed Dashti Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118105, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. E-mail: brodhead@math.ufl.edu; cenzer@math.ufl.edu; mashadeo@math.ufl.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rebecca Weber Rebecca Weber Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755-3551, UK. E-mail: rebecca.weber@dartmouth.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Logic and Computation, Volume 17, Issue 6, December 2007, Pages 1041–1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exm033 Published: 01 December 2007 Article history Received: 20 October 2006 Published: 01 December 2007
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel kallikrein transcript in colon and its distribution in human tissues. (1994)

1. We have cloned and characterized a new species of kallikrein cDNA from a human colon cDNA library. The new kallikrein cDNA clone contains a part of intron 2 of the tissue kallikrein gene which is spliced to the remaining exon sequences. It does not contain exons 1 and 2. 2. An in-frame open reading frame is present in the new kallikrein cDNA allowing translation of a 216-amino acid product. The intron-containing kallikrein transcript was detected in salivary glands, pancreas, kidney, colon, prostate gland, testis, spleen, and lung by reverse-transcription/polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blot analysis using an intron-containing kallikrein-specific oligonucleotide probe. 3. The results indicate that the new species of kallikrein may be processed by alternative splicing or arises from a different transcription initiation site.
Solution-based routes to transition-metal oxide one-dimensional nanostructures (2006)

Abstract One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have drawn continuous research attention because of their unique electrical, optical, and magnetic properties different from that of bulk and nanoparticles, as well as their potential applications in mesoscopic research and nanodevices. The main challenge in this area is how to precisely control the sizes, dimensionalities, compositions, and crystal structures in nanoscale, which may serve as a powerful tool for the tailoring of physical/chemical properties of materials in a controllable way. Here, we review the advances in the solution-based routes to prepare 1D nanostructures. Particularly, three systems of MnO 2 , rare-earth compounds, and silicates have been chosen to show the synthetic strategy under hydrothermal conditions. As the main theme, a rolling mechanism has been given special attention to present a relative general understanding of the growth of various transition-metal oxide (TMO) 1D nanostructures under solution conditions.
Antibodies to synovial antigens in recent‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (1995)

IgG antibodies in the sera of patients with recent-onset RA show positive immunoblots for 3 novel synovial antigens of 35-kd, 55-kd, and 45-kd, as well as for 2 previously characterized antigens (La and IgG). Thus, a variety of synovial antigens appear to be recognized by B cells even early in the clinical course of RA.
iWinrNFL: A Simple and Well-Calibrated In-Game NFL Win Probability Model (2017)

During the last sports season a lot of discussion has been generated for the several, high-profile, comebacks that were observed in almost all sports. The Cavaliers won the championship after being down 3-1 in the NBA final's series, which was exactly the case for Chicago Cubs and the World Series. The Patriots won the Super Bowl even though they were trailing by 25 points late in the third quarter, while more recently FC Barcelona in the top-16 round of Champions League scored 3 goals during the last 7 minutes of the game (including stoppage time) against PSG to advance in the tournament. This has brought the robustness and accuracy of the various probabilistic prediction models under high scrutiny. In this paper, we discuss some of the issues that have been brought up in the wake of last year's events and we also develop our own in-game win probability model for NFL (iWinrNFL). In particular, we build a simple logistic regression model that utilizes a set of 10 variables to predict the running win probability of the home team. In order to account for non-linearities that exist at the final minutes of the game we enhance the logistic regression model with a radial basis Support Vector Machine model for the last 3 minutes of the regulation. We train our model using detailed play-by-play data from the last 8 NFL seasons obtained through the league's API. Our results indicate that in 74% of the cases iWinrNFL provides an accurate winner projection, while most importantly the probabilities are well-calibrated.
VLSI architectures for high speed recognition of context-free languages and finite-state languages (1982)

This paper presents two VLSI architectures for the recognition of context-free languages and finite-state languages. The architecture for context-free languages consists of n(n+1)/2 identical cells and it is capable of recognizing an input string of length n in 2n time units. The architecture for finite-state languages consists of n cells and it can recognize a string of length n in constant time. Since both architectures have characteristics such as modular layout, simple constrol and dataflow pattern, high degree of multiprocessing and/or pipelining, etc., they are very suitable for VLSI implementation.
Navigating registers in placement for clock network minimization (2005)

The progress of VLSI technology is facing two limiting factors: power and variation. Minimizing clock network size can lead to reduced power consumption, less power supply noise, less number of clock buffers and therefore less vulnerability to variations. Previous works on clock network minimization are mostly focused on clock routing and the improvements are often limited by the input register placement. In this work, we propose to navigate registers in cell placement for further clock network size reduction. To solve the conflict between clock network minimization and traditional placement goals, we suggest the following techniques in a quadratic placement framework: (1) Manhattan ring based register guidance; (2) center of gravity constraints for registers; (3) pseudo pin and net; (4) register cluster contraction. These techniques work for both zero skew and prescribed skew designs in both wirelength driven and timing driven placement. Experimental results show that our method can reduce clock net wirelength by 16%~33% with no more than 0.5% increase on signal net wirelength compared with conventional approaches.
The new Neptune bathlift from Mountway (1999)

The new Neptune bathlift is one of 21 removable powered bathlifts currently on the market. This type of bathlift does not require any installation and can be used in most baths, even in some corner baths. The bathlift was in operation at the Disabled Living Centre for a period of 1 week.
Oxidative Povarov Reaction via sp<sup>3</sup> C–H Oxidation of <i>N</i>-Benzylanilines Induced by Catalytic Radical Cation Salt: Synthesis of 2,4-Diarylquinoline Derivatives (2015)

Oxidative Povarov reaction of N-benzylanilines was realized under catalytic radical cation salt induced conditions. The mechanism studies revealed that a radical intermediate was involved in this catalytic oxidation. This method provides a new way to synthesize 2,4-diarylquinoline derivatives.