gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of New Sources of Soybean Resistance to Brown Stem Rot (2010)

Brown stem rot (BSR) of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], caused by Phialophora gregata (Allington & D.W. Chamb.) W. Gams 1971, is an economically important disease prevalent in soybean producing regions of the north‐central United States and Canada. To date, all BSR resistant genes identified are located on chromosome 16 (formerly molecular linkage group J). The objective of this study was to determine if four plant introductions from south‐central China identified as BSR resistant have resistance genes mapping to the same location on chromosome 16 as previously mapped BSR resistance genes. The four plant introductions, PI 594637, PI 594638B, PI 594650A, and PI 594858B, were crossed to the BSR‐susceptible cultivar ‘Century 84’ to develop four F 2 populations. Each segregating population and the parental lines were screened for BSR resistance in growth chamber conditions. The F 2:3 individual plants of each population were tested with the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Satt431 or Satt547, which map closely to BSR resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 16. Associations between molecular data and phenotypic data used to validate QTL were analyzed using single factor ANOVA. Three of the four populations had markers on chromosome 16 significantly associated with BSR resistance with R 2 values from 24 to 48%. However, when marker Satt547 was regressed on BSR resistance in population PI 594637 × Century 84, no significant association was observed. This result suggests that PI 594637 could have a new BSR resistance gene. Transgressive segregation also was observed in this population, and highly BSR resistant progeny could be used in the development of BSR resistant cultivars. Additional research and testing in this population will be conducted to identify resistance QTL(s) from this source.
Efficient instruction scheduling for delayed-load architectures (1995)

A fast, optimal code-scheduling algorithm for processors with a delayed load of one instruction cycle is described. The algorithm minimizes both execution time and register use and runs in time proportional to the size of the expression-tree. An extension that spills registers when too few registers are available is also presented. The algorithm also performs very well for delayed loads of greater than one instruction cycle. A heuristic that schedules DAGs and is based on our optimal expression-tree-scheduling algorithm is presented and compared with Goodman and Hsu's algorithm Integrated Prepass Scheduling (IPS). Both schedulers perform well on benchmarks with small basic blocks, but on large basic blocks our scheduler outperforms IPS and is significantly faster.
Localization of a Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene, <i>BRCA2</i> , to Chromosome 13q12-13 (1994)

A small proportion of breast cancer, in particular those cases arising at a young age, is due to the inheritance of dominant susceptibility genes conferring a high risk of the disease. A genomic linkage search was performed with 15 high-risk breast cancer families that were unlinked to the BRCA1 locus on chromosome 17q21. This analysis localized a second breast cancer susceptibility locus, BRCA2, to a 6-centimorgan interval on chromosome 13q12-13. Preliminary evidence suggests that BRCA2 confers a high risk of breast cancer but, unlike BRCA1, does not confer a substantially elevated risk of ovarian cancer.
Serotype-Specific Protection Against <i>Treponema hyodysenteriae</i> Infection in Ligated Colonic Loops of Pigs Recovered from Swine Dysentery (1983)

Resistance to Treponema hyodysenteriae (serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4) infection was evaluated in ligated colonic loops in pigs recovered from swine dysentery. Lesions were present in most loops from recovered swine inoculated with heterologous serotypes; however, lesions were not present in loops of recovered swine inoculated with homologous serotypes.
Strategy for sustainable power generation from fossil fuels (2008)

The strategic issues for the continued use of fossil fuels are described, with emphasis on the environmental challenges that this raises for continued coal use. This includes the need to embrace increased efficiency and fuel flexibility in the short term, near zero emission technology with CO2 capture and storage in mid term, and a longer term link to hydrogen. In particular, the need to establish techniques for the capture and long-term storage of carbon dioxide is a key requirement. The R&D issues are considered as are the market and regulatory issues that must be addressed if near zero emissions coal fired power plants are to be established in the foreseeable future.
Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) is not Detectable on the Surface of Rat Islet Cells Examined by Cytofluorometry and Complement-Dependent Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity of Monoclonal GAD Antibodies (1996)

After fusion of splenocytes from a Balb/c mouse which received three injections of human recombinant GAD65 44 hybridomas producing monoclonal GAD antibodies (mc-GAD Ab) could be established. 35 out of the 44 mc-GAD Ab specifically recognized the GAD65 isoform, whereas 9 showed a cross-reactivity with GAD67. All antibodies belong to the IgG class. The mc-GAD Ab were reactive with recombinant as well as natural GAD tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty-one antibodies stained islet cells very well in cryosections of human, monkey, rat, and pig pancreas. However, the mc-GAD Ab failed to bind on the surface of viable rat islet cells, although they reveal a striking binding on permeabilized cells examined by cytofluorometry. Furthermore, the mc-GAD Ab were analyzed for complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytoxicity (C'AMC) to rat islet cells. Whereas our monoclonal Beta-cell specific surface antibody K14D10 caused a high C'AMC measured as a 51Cr-release of 56.5 +/- 4.6%, n = 10, only 4/44 mc-GAD Ab provoked a moderate increase of 51Cr-release ranging from 7.1-10.5% (cut-off 7.0%). From these findings it is suggested that GAD is not detectable on the islet-cell surface by binding and cytotoxicity test.
Tracking Keystrokes Using Wireless Signals (2015)

We implement a passive remote keystroke detection mechanism using only changes in the wireless channel. The detection algorithm does not require the user to wear any active devices nor does it require a change in the user's wireless transmission technique. The receiver system is implemented with five antennas. We cancel the signals received on multiple antennas. The key insight to realizing a fine-grained localization system is to exploit the extremely high sensitivity of cancellation performance (interference cancellation in full-duplex for example) to exact amplitude and phase matching. The receiver design introduces a delay mismatch between the received signal streams to guarantee imperfect cancellation across the transmission bandwidth except at one in-band frequency resulting in a trough in the cancellation spectrum. We detect keystrokes by forming an array of observed trough frequency across different antenna pairs.
Emission and absorption properties of indocyanine green in Intralipid solution (2004)

Emission and absorption properties of indocyanine green (ICG) in Intralipid solution have been investigated. The study is focused on relatively low ICG concentration at a range of 0 to 20 microM. A diffusion model was used to analyze the emission properties of ICG solution at different concentrations. In the low-concentration region, the emission strength increases with the concentration of ICG, while in the high-concentration region, the emission decreases with the concentration. In general, a maximum of emission strength exists and its position (concentration) depends on the wavelength of the excitation light, the distance between the source and the detector, and the sample geometry and size. A so-called "inner-cell-effect" and re-absorption of emission photons are found to contribute to the decay of emission strength. Also, in the concentration range of 0 to 2 microM, ICG solution always has a higher absorption coefficient at wavelength 830 nm than that at 660 nm, which is quite different from the ICG in water case.
Oxidative Dimerization of (Hetero)aromatic Amines Utilizing <i>t</i>-BuOI Leading to (Hetero)aromatic Azo Compounds: Scope and Mechanistic Studies (2013)

A straightforward synthetic method of both symmetric and unsymmetric aromatic azo compounds through an efficient and cross-selective oxidative dimerization of aromatic amines using tert-butyl hypoiodite (t-BuOI) under metal-free and mild conditions has been developed. This method was also found applicable to the synthesis of heteroaromatic azo compounds. The spectroscopic study indicates the involvement of N,N-diiodoanilines in the oxidative reaction as the key intermediate.
Designing safer chemicals: predicting the rates of metabolism of halogenated alkanes. (1995)

A computational model is presented that can be used as a tool in the design of safer chemicals. This model predicts the rate of hydrogen-atom abstraction by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Excellent correlations between biotransformation rates and the calculated activation energies (delta Hact) of the cytochrome P450-mediated hydrogen-atom abstractions were obtained for the in vitro biotransformation of six halogenated alkanes (1-fluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1-difluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,1-trifluro-2,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-chloroethane, 1,1,1,2,2,-pentafluoroethane, and 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) with both rat and human enzyme preparations: In(rate, rat liver microsomes) = 44.99 - 1.79(delta Hact), r2 = 0.86; In(rate, human CYP2E1) = 46.99 - 1.77(delta Hact), r2 = 0.97 (rates are in nmol of product per min per nmol of cytochrome P450 and energies are in kcal/mol). Correlations were also obtained for five inhalation anesthetics (enflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane) for both in vivo and in vitro metabolism by humans: In[F(-)]peak plasma = 42.87 - 1.57(delta Hact), r2 = 0.86. To our knowledge, these are the first in vivo human metabolic rates to be quantitatively predicted. Furthermore, this is one of the first examples where computational predictions and in vivo and in vitro data have been shown to agree in any species. The model presented herein provides an archetype for the methodology that may be used in the future design of safer chemicals, particularly hydrochlorofluorocarbons and inhalation anesthetics.
A new MAC scheme in cognitive network for different priority of secondary users (2010)

The cognitive networks need the flexible utilization of the spectrum and bandwidths, without impacting the licensed Users(also called Primary Users, PU). While the cognitive radio network Media Access Control (MAC) layer is required not only to provide traditional services but also to perform an entirely new function for effective using the available bandwidths for the unlicensed users called Secondary Users (SU). To solve the problem, this paper develops a new MAC scheme that allows unlicensed users adaptively select spectrum, and it supports the QoS of high priority unlicensed users. The proposed MAC protocol offers differentiated access through the SUs' parameters setting AIFS[AC], CWmin[AC], CWmax[AC]. Each AC is equipped with a transmitting queue. Simulations verify the proposed MAC scheme for cognitive networks.
Tests for Comparing Two Ordered Multinomials (2017)

Abstract For a two‐arm study with ordinal outcomes, the proportional odds model (POM) based on cumulative logistic regression is commonly used to compare the two groups. When the assumption of the POM is questionable or the group variable is the only covariate in the model, other statistical approaches should be considered. When the assumption of the POM is not met, the nonparametric Wilcoxon mid‐rank test is often used to assess the group difference. Both the POM and the Wilcoxon test rely on their asymptotic limiting distributions to make statistical inference, and they generally do not have satisfactory performance with regard to type I error control for a study with sample size from small to medium. For these cases, exact approaches are recommended for use to bound the type I error rate and make proper statistical inference. Exact unconditional approach based on estimation and maximization is generally more powerful than exact conditional approach, although exact unconditional approaches are computationally intensive.
Automated 3D model generation for urban environments [online] (2003)

Abstract In this thesis, we present a fast approach to automated generation of textured 3D city models with both high details at ground level and complete coverage for birds-eye view. A ground-based facade model is acquired by driving a vehicle equipped with two 2D laser scanners and a digital camera under normal traffic conditions on public roads. One scanner is mounted horizontally and is used to determine the approximate component of relative motion along the movement of the acquisition vehicle via scan matching; the obtained relative motion estimates are concatenated to form an initial path. Assuming that features such as buildings are visible from both ground-based and airborne view, this initial path is globally corrected by Monte-Carlo Localization techniques using an aerial photograph or a Digital Surface Model as a global map. The second scanner is mounted vertically and is used to capture the 3D shape of the building facades. Applying a series of automated processing steps, a texture-mapped 3D facade model is reconstructed from the vertical laser scans and the camera images. In order to obtain an airborne model containing the roof and terrain shape complementary to the facade model, a Digital Surface Model is created from airborne laser scans, then triangulated, and finally texturemapped with aerial imagery. Finally, the facade model and the airborne model are fused to one single model usable for both walk- and fly-thrus. The developed algorithms are evaluated on a large data set acquired in downtown Berkeley, and the results are shown and discussed.
Fast response in-line gas sensor using C-type fiber and Ge-doped ring defect photonic crystal fiber (2013)

An in-line chemical gas sensor was proposed and experimentally demonstrated using a new C-type fiber and a Ge-doped ring defect photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The C-type fiber segment served as a compact gas inlet/outlet directly spliced to PCF, which overcame previous limitations in packaging and dynamic responses. C-type fiber was prepared by optimizing drawing process for a silica tube with an open slot. Splicing conditions for SMF/C-type fiber and PCF/C-type fiber were experimentally established to provide an all-fiber sensor unit. To enhance the sensitivity and light coupling efficiency we used a special PCF with Ge-doped ring defect to further enhance the sensitivity and gas flow rate. Sensing capability of the proposed sensor was investigated experimentally by detecting acetylene absorption lines.
An Autonomous Carrier Landing System for Unmannned Aerial Vehicles (2009)

One of the important problems related to naval Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), is the design of an automatic landing system that would enable autonomous landing of a UAV on an aircraft carrier. When landing needs to be accomplished safely in the high sea states and during the carrier turns, the problem becomes highly complex. In this paper we present an innovative autonomous carrier landing system for UAVs, referred to as the Carrier Motion Prediction & Autonomous Landing (CM-PAL) system. The system is based on real-time estimation of magnitudes and frequencies of waves encountered by the carrier, and online prediction of the carrier motion. This prediction generates information regarding the carrier states at touchdown; this information is in turn used to generate corrections in the UAV’s heading and flight path angle commands to achieve minimum dispersion around the desired touchdown point and heading. We also present performance evaluation results of the CM-PAL system on a high-fidelity simulation of typical aircraft carrier dynamics.
Further evidence for supporting cell conversion in the damaged avian basilar papilla (1997)

Two lines of evidence suggested that a process other than supporting cell divisions may give rise to new hair cells in the bird inner ear injured by either noise or ototoxic drugs. This process, supporting cell conversion, occurs when non-dividing supporting cells transdifferentiate into hair cells. First, noise-exposed chicks received zero, one or two daily i.p. injections of cytosine arabinoside (a DNA synthesis blocker), as well as two daily intraperitoneal injections of bromodeoxyuridine, for four days. Following sacrifice, the papillae were processed for bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry. All the ears demonstrated dividing cells, but increasing the number of cytosine arabinoside injections decreased the number of labeled cells. Indeed, two cytosine arabinoside injections per day nearly completely blocked supporting cell divisions in the short hair cell region within the sound-induced lesion. This suggested that unpaired, immature cells observed in a similar region with scanning electron microscopy, despite the presence of cytosine arabinoside, may have been products of supporting cell conversion. In the second experiment, birds were treated with gentamicin for three days. Upon sacrifice at 6 days post-treatment, papillae were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Several unusual cells were observed with phenotypic features of both hair cells and supporting cells. The peculiar cells may be in a transition from the supporting cell phenotype to that of a hair cell.
Gap Analyses of Environmental Management Frameworks for Nanotechnology (2006)

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field fraught with uncertainty due to the still nascent efforts to understand its potential health risks and ecosystem dynamics. Yet, nanotechnology, like other still-emerging technologies, provides fertile territory for establishing an "upstream" management system that minimizes future risks while still in research and design. Thus, to identify the characteristics of such a proactive nano management system, gap analyses were performed on the sustainable engineering frameworks: Twelve Principles of Green Engineering, Earth Systems Engineering and Management, Life Cycle Assessment, and Cradle to Cradle, with economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and technical criteria, using buckyballs (endohedral metallofullerenes), as a case study nanomaterial. It was determined that, partly due to the unavailability of most quantitative life cycle data, and the need for modifications of these frameworks to function both as proactive as well as nano-specific, it is premature to identify a specific optimal framework. Thus, a "hybrid" framework made partly from the tools, principles, and values of the existing methods like the ones analyzed here is proposed
Improving novelty detection for general topics using sentence level information patterns (2006)

The detection of new information in a document stream is an important component of many potential applications. In this work, a new novelty detection approach based on the identification of sentence level information patterns is proposed. First, the information-pattern concept for novelty detection is presented with the emphasis on new information patterns for general topics (queries) that cannot be simply turned into specific questions whose answers are specific named entities (NEs). Then we elaborate a thorough analysis of sentence level information patterns on data from the TREC novelty tracks, including sentence lengths, named entities, sentence level opinion patterns. This analysis provides guidelines in applying those patterns in novelty detection particularly for the general topics. Finally, a unified pattern-based approach is presented to novelty detection for both general and specific topics. The new method for dealing with general topics will be the focus. Experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of novelty detection for general topics as well as the overall performance for all topics from the 2002-2004 TREC novelty tracks.
Hgh Performance Miniaturized Microstrip Antennas on Locally Non-Homogeneous Substrates (1999)

A locally non-homogeneous substrate configuration is proposed for optimizing both the dimensions and the radiation efficiency of microstrip patch antennas. This is achieved through an optimal combination of a high permittivity substrate, for size criteria, with a foam matrix for radiation pattern improvement Comparisons between simulations, based upon the TLM method, and measurements are provided.
ORACLE: Optimized Radio clAssification through Convolutional neuraL nEtworks (2019)

This paper describes the architecture and performance of ORACLE, an approach for detecting a unique radio from a large pool of bit-similar devices (same hardware, protocol, physical address, MAC ID) using only IQ samples at the physical layer. ORACLE trains a convolutional neural network (CNN) that balances computational time and accuracy, showing 99% classification accuracy for a 16-node USRP X310 SDR testbed and an external database of >100 COTS WiFi devices. Our work makes the following contributions: (i) it studies the hardware-centric features within the transmitter chain that causes IQ sample variations; (ii) for an idealized static channel environment, it proposes a CNN architecture requiring only raw IQ samples accessible at the front-end, without channel estimation or prior knowledge of the communication protocol; (iii) for dynamic channels, it demonstrates a principled method of feedback-driven transmitter-side modifications that uses channel estimation at the receiver to increase differentiability for the CNN classifier. The key innovation here is to intentionally introduce controlled imperfections on the transmitter side through software directives, while minimizing the change in bit error rate. Unlike previous work that imposes constant environmental conditions, ORACLE adopts the `train once deploy anywhere' paradigm with near-perfect device classification accuracy.
An Efficient and Practical System for the Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids (2006)

Upon exposure to commercial bleach (approximately 5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite), nickel(II) chloride or nickel(II) acetate is transformed quantitatively into an insoluble nickel species, nickel oxide hydroxide. This material consists of high surface area nanoparticles (ca. 4 nm) and is a useful heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of many organic compounds. The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, secondary alcohols to ketones, aldehydes to carboxylic acids, and alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids to epoxy acids is demonstrated using 2.5 mol % of nickel catalyst and commercial bleach as the terminal oxidant. We demonstrate the controlled and selective oxidation of several organic substrates using this system affording 70-95% isolated yields and 90-100% purity. In most cases, the oxidations can be performed without an organic solvent, making this approach attractive as a "greener" alternative to conventional oxidations.