gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative in vivo and in vitro activation of human natural killer cells by two recombinant alpha-interferons differing in antiviral activity. (1984)

Natural killer (NK) cell activation by two interferon-alpha subtypes, interferon-alpha A and interferon-alpha D, was examined in vitro and in vivo in eight cancer patients. When assessed in vitro, NK cells in six of eight patients lysed K562 target cells to a greater extent when incubated with interferon-alpha A (1 ng/ml) than with the same concentration of interferon-alpha D. However, when patients were evaluated collectively, no significant difference was detectable in the effectiveness of the two subtypes in enhancing NK cell activity. Patients received the same interferons given as four injections which were randomized with respect to subtype and were separated by intervals of six or more days. NK cell activity was consistently elevated in peripheral mononuclear cells sampled 24 hr but not seven days after injection as compared to peripheral mononuclear cells sampled just prior to each injection (p less than 0.001 for both subtypes). At a given dose level, both interferon subtypes resulted in comparable NK cell activation. However, a negative correlation existed between the amount of interferon administered and the magnitude of enhancement (p less than 0.05). In 16 separate paired determinations, there were eight in which NK cell activity was lower after the second injection of an interferon dose than after the first injection of the same dose (15 or 45 micrograms, irrespective of subtype), and eight in which the alternate pattern occurred. Thus, repeated injection in the same patient of one or the other dose resulted in no consistent changes in the extent of NK cell stimulation. Since the two interferons have a 20-fold difference in specific antiviral activity for human amnion cells and up to an 80-fold difference in human fibroblasts, either different mechanisms are involved in antiviral and NK cell-stimulatory activity, or activities of these two subtypes for cells of different histogenesis vary. Greater NK cell-stimulatory activity therefore occurred at the lowest tested doses, a dose which was less than 10% of previously reported maximally tolerated doses of these interferons.
What's new with CO2? Recent advances in its copolymerization with oxiranes (2012)

The present review highlights recent advances in the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides (oxiranes) to produce polycarbonates with specific regard for catalysts designed to afford high selectivity for copolymer versus cyclic carbonate formation.
Identification of Immunologically Relevant Proteins of<i>Chlamydophila abortus</i>Using Sera from Experimentally Infected Pregnant Ewes (2010)

Chlamydophila abortus is an intracellular pathogen and the etiological agent of enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE). C. abortus has a biphasic development cycle; extracellular infectious elementary bodies (EB) attach and penetrate host cells, where they give rise to intracellular, metabolically active reticulate bodies (RB). RB divide by binary fission and subsequently mature to EB, which, on rupture of infected cells, are released to infect new host cells. Pregnant ewes were challenged with 2 x 10(6) inclusion forming units (IFU) of C. abortus cultured in yolk sac (comprising both EB and RB). Serum samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 27, 30, 35, 40, and 43 days postinfection (dpi) and used to identify antigens of C. abortus expressed during disease. Additionally, sera from fetal lambs were collected at 30, 35, 40, and 43 dpi. All serum samples collected from experimentally infected pregnant ewes reacted specifically with several antigens of EB as determined by one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D gel electrophoresis; reactive antigens identified by mass spectrometry included the major outer membrane protein (MOMP), polymorphic outer membrane protein (POMP), and macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP) lipoprotein.
Formation of 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoindoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Hydride Reduction (2007)

Substituted 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindoles (2, isoindolines) were prepared and subjected to palladium-catalyzed formate reduction. Alkyl isoindolines were reduced to 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-isoindoles (1). Only partial reduction was observed for 5-methoxyisoindoline, and 4-methoxy-, 5-carbomethoxy-, amino-, and amidoisoindolines were inert to the reaction. Halogen-substituted isoindolines were dehalogenated and reduced to 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-isoindoles. Isoindole 24 was also reduced to a mixture of an isoindoline and a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-isoindole. In contrast, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indoles 21 underwent dehydrogenation to give thermodynamically stable indoles. Theoretical calculations show the significant difference in aromaticity between isoindoles and indoles, corresponding to the observed differences in reactivities. Tetrahydro-2H-isoindoles 1 were oxidized to 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-diones in the presence of NBS and air.
Use of heating rate and specific absorption rate in the hyperthermia clinic (1990)

The specific absorption rate (SAR), which is the mass-normalized rate of energy absorption by a biological body, has been used by hyperthermia researchers to characterize energy deposition and heating patterns in tissues and in biological models. Before thermal diffusion and blood flow alter the temperature distribution, energy deposition and heating rate (HR) are related by constants. Therefore SAR is usually calculated from the initial rate of temperature rise measured during heating. SAR is an appropriate parameter for theoretical calculations or electric field measurement in tissue. However, the ultimate parameter in hyperthermia is temperature. Instead of computing the temperature rise from SAR (W/kg) and specific heat (kcal/kg.degree C) which were originally obtained from temperature measurements, it is simpler and more convenient to use HR (degree C/W-min) directly, especially when heterogeneous tissues are involved. The advantages of using HR instead of SAR in hyperthermia clinics are discussed.
Comparison of Milk Oligosaccharides Pattern in Colostrum of Different Horse Breeds (2015)

Colostrum oligosaccharides are known to exhibit prebiotic and immunomodulatory properties. Oligosaccharide composition is species-specific, and equine colostrum has been reported to contain unique oligosaccharides. Therefore, equine oligosaccharides (EMOS) from colostrum from different horse breeds were analyzed by CE-LIF, CE-MS(n), HILIC-MS(n), and exoglycosidase degradation. Sixteen EMOS were characterized and quantified, of which half were neutral and half were acidic. EMOS showed about 63% structural overlap with human milk oligosaccharides, known for their bioactivity. Seven EMOS were not reported before in equine oligosaccharides literature: neutral Gal(β1-4)HexNAc, Gal(β1-4)Hex-Hex, β4'-galactosyllactose, and lactose-N-hexaose, as well as acidic 6'-Sialyl-Hex-Ac-HexNAc, sialyllacto-N-tetraose-a, and disialylacto-N-tetraose (isomer not further specified). In all colostrum samples, the average oligosaccharide concentration ranged from 2.12 to 4.63 g/L; with β 6'and 3'- galactosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, and disialyllactose as the most abundant of all oligosaccharides (27-59, 16-37, 1-8, and 1-6%, respectively). Differences in presence and in abundance of specific EMOS were evident not only between the four breeds but also within the breed.
Elephant movement in Karra C.D. block - a spatio-temporal analysis. (2009)

In this paper, GIS has been used to systematize, standardize and manage the enormous amounts of spatial data generated by the movement of elephant in the background of disturbance to the landscape. Real time habitat use information by elephant along with the spatial distribution of habitat and temporal changes has been analysed for habitat evaluation. Limitations of conventional methods of physical survey have been avoided by using remote sensing and G.I.S. technology.
The influence of adenine and benzyladenine on rooting and development of Fuchsia hybrida cuttings (2012)

Cytokinins are a group of plant hormones stimulating, among others, axillary bud formation and inhibiting rhizogenesis. Adenine, their common component, often expresses cytokinin-like activity in plant development. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of adenine on rooting and development of <em>Fuchsia hybrida </em>cuttings. The influence of adenine was also assessed in comparison to benzyladenine, including their cooperation with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Anatomical analysis of the rooting process was also undertaken. Application of BA, both alone or together with NAA, strongly inhibited rhizogenesis, but stimulated axillary shoot outgrowth. Adenine exhibited cytokinin-like activity on axillary shoot development in <em>Fuchsia hybrida </em>cuttings, but did not show the inhibitory effect on root development typical for cytokinins. This compound, particularly at higher concentrations, stimulated both axillary shoot development and rooting, which was expressed as an increase in root number and rooting percentage, even after direct application to the base of the cuttings. Anatomical analysis revealed adenine-derived acceleration during elongation of adventitious root primordia.
Association Between Percent Total Alkaloids and Other Traits in Flue‐cured Tobacco<sup>1</sup> (1976)

The relationships between percent total alkaloids and nine agronomic and chemical traits were studied in isogenic lines derived from 10 cultivars of flue‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). Isogenic lines with low total alkaloids percentage (approximately 0.20%) were compared with their “normal” recurring parents (total alkaloids 1.85 to 2.70%). The differences in traits other than alkaloid levels between the low alkaloid lines and their recurrent parent should reflect physiological associations (pleiotropism) and/or genetic linkages. Yield, grade index, total N, and reducing sugar content in the low alkaloid lines were lower than in the normal flue‐ cured cultivars. Chlorophyll contents, at time of harvest, were higher in the low alkaloid lines than in their recurrent parent. Alkaloid levels had little or no association with plant height, leaves per plant, or days to flower.
Isolating the Role of On-site Interpretation in a Satisfying Experience (2007)

The role of interpretation in tourist experience is widely acknowledged. However, little research has been conducted to directly document or precisely quantify the influence that the interpretive dimensions of experience have on tourist satisfaction. A purpose of this study was to determine whether these dimensions could be isolated and quantified in the experiences of 727 national and international tourists in the Panama Canal Watershed (PCW). Results revealed that the global satisfaction of PCW tourists was due primarily to their satisfaction with the interpretive dimensions of their visit, as opposed to other services and setting attributes. Respondents’ satisfaction with five interpretive services correlated more highly with a global satisfaction measure than did any of six non-interpretive services and explained nearly half the variance in global satisfaction. Respondents’ satisfaction with non-interpretive services explained only 23% of the variance. These findings suggest that the interpretive dimensions of tourist experience can exert a positive influence on global satisfaction. This relationship was especially strong for visitors traveling as part of a guided tour. Factor and reliability analyses confirmed validation of a single “interpretive satisfaction” construct, providing evidence that an interpretive dimension of tourist satisfaction can be empirically isolated. Practical implications and suggestions for further research are offered.
Solution-Processed Chalcopyrite Thin-film Solar Cell (2008)

An air-stable solution-processed inorganic thin-film solar cell is demonstrated with a power conversion efficiency of 3.50 % under 1-sun condition. This demonstration offers new insight into cost-effect processing for solar energy conversion.
Resazurin reduction as a function of respiratory burst in bovine neutrophils (1997)

Abstract Objective To determine whether the respiratory burst of neutrophils from bovine blood and milk can be analyzed by use of a fluorometric resazurin reduction assay. Sample Population Neutrophils were obtained from EDTA-anticoagulated blood of 7 dairy cows. Neutrophils also were isolated from milk samples of a cow intramammarily challenge exposed with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Procedure The respiratory burst of neutrophils was analyzed in parallel, using the conventional luminol-enhanced luminometric procedure and a novel fluorometric procedure with resazurin as the fluorogenic substrate. Opsonized zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate were used as stimulants. The mechanism of the fluorescent response was analyzed, using metabolic inhibitors to various cell functions. Luminometry and fluorometry were carried out in parallel, using microtitration tray-reading instruments. Results Stimulation of neutrophils induced resazurin reduction to resorufin and a fluorescent response. The luminescent response was transient, but the fluorescent response (build-up of fluorescent resorufin) was cumulative. Therefore, a single end-point measurement can be used for the fluorometric assay. Conclusions The proposed fluorometric microtitration tray technology is simple and has a high throughput capacity. The fluorometric and luminometric assays seem to have similar potential in the analysis of phagocyte functions. ( Am J Vet Res 1997;58:601–607)
Implementation of Real-Time Monitoring System for Livestock Growth Environment Information using Wireless Sensor Network (2012)

In this paper, a real-time monitoring system based on WSN is designed and implemented to monitor livestock growth environment information which includes the temperature, humidity and harmful gases such as <TEX>$CO_{2},\;CO,\;NH_{3},\;H_{2}S$</TEX> and so on. The proposed system consists of the wireless sensor nodes, the monitoring management device, the management server and the user interface program based on PC/Smart phone. To verify the performance of the implemented system, gas measurement experiments are performed in laboratory environment by using the designed wireless sensor nodes. And it is able to estimate the concentration of gases. The implemented system is able to monitor the proposed environmental element information through the developed GUI.
Magnetic Measurements on Molecule-Based Magnets under High Pressure (2007)

The effects of pressure on two prototypes of molecule-based magnets have been investigated through dc magnetic measurements in an attempt to realize these higher transition temperatures ( T C 's). The target compounds are (1) a genuine organic radical weak-ferromagnet, p -NC-C 6 F 4 -CNSSN ( T C = 35.5 K) with through-space intermolecular interaction and (2) a metal-complex ferrimagnet [Mn(en)] 3 [Cr(CN) 6 ] 2 ·4H 2 O ( T C = 69 K) with a cyanide bridge network between magnetic metal ions. In (1), T C is enhanced as d T C /d P = 22.0 K/GPa, and it exceeds 70 K at around 1.5 GPa. Exceeding a border of 70 K is worthy in the field of the genuine organic system. In (2), pressure dependences of T C and magnetic moment have been investigated over wider pressure region. The ideal material control for higher- T C was realized at around 5 GPa. Two types of pressure cells developed for these studies are also mentioned.
A campaign strategy for your career. (2012)

Organizations are inherently political, and pretending they're not is just plain impractical. But strategizing like a politician to advance your career doesn't have to mean compromising your integrity. You can craft a campaign plan that actually gets results without making you feel soiled. So argues Clark, who has worked with top-tier politicians and business executives as they strive to achieve their goals. She recommends that in business, as in politics, aspiring leaders choose their career milestones from the get-go and plan precisely what reaching each one will demand. That means taking inventory of the skills you'll need to acquire and figuring out exactly where and how you'll develop them. The best career planners work backward on the calendar: They start with the end points and carefully mark, in reverse, all the steps along the way. Then they set out on the course, identifying influential people whose favor they need to win and getting specific about how to garner it. They use power maps to home in on the most influential individuals and groups, and they aren't shy about courting votes. "Being political" still sounds negative to many people in business, but learning how to play the game doesn't have to be a Machiavellian endeavor. Indeed, harming people in the process won't help you at all, but if you eschew the political process altogether, you'll only harm yourself.
Thin film multilayer fan-beam x-ray monochromator (2001)

Spatially extended quasi-monoenergetic x-ray beams will allow improved performance for many applications in diagnostic radiology. X-rays with well-defined energies between 15 keV and 20 keV can be used to enhance the contrast of mammography images while reducing dose to the patient. Diagnostic radiology using iodine, xenon, or barium as a contrast agent can be made more sensitive by using nearly monoenergetic x-rays with energies just above and below their K edges near 33 keV, 34 keV, and 37 keV. We describe the design and preliminary performance measurements of a prototype thin film multilayer x-ray narrow-band filter or monochromator designed to produce fan-shaped beams of x-rays at 33 keV. A set of closely spaced thin foil substrates coated with graded Pt/C multilayers provides energy selectivity when illuminated by a diverging broad-band x-ray beam incident on the foils at near-grazing angles from 0.2 degrees to 0.3 degrees. The individual thin foil mirrors are mounted into top and bottom precision alignment structures formed by deep reactive ion etching 1-mm thick silicon wafers.
Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 in Tumorigenesis (2012)

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1, aka PGP9.5) is an abundant, neuronal deubiquitinating enzyme that has also been suggested to possess E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and/or stabilize ubiquitin monomers in vivo. Recent evidence implicates dysregulation of UCH-L1 in the pathogenesis and progression of human cancers. Although typically only expressed in neurons, high levels of UCH-L1 have been found in many nonneuronal tumors, including breast, colorectal, and pancreatic carcinomas. UCH-L1 has also been implicated in the regulation of metastasis and cell growth during the progression of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lymphoma. Together these studies suggest UCH-L1 has a potent oncogenic role and drives tumor development. Conversely, others have observed promoter methylation-mediated silencing of UCH-L1 in certain tumor subtypes, suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role for UCH-L1. In this paper, we provide an overview of the evidence supporting the involvement of UCH-L1 in tumor development and discuss the potential mechanisms of action of UCH-L1 in oncogenesis.
Protein pI and Intracellular Localization (2021)

The protein isoelectric point (pI) can be calculated from an amino acid sequence using computational analysis in a good agreement with experimental data. Availability of whole-genome sequences empowers comparative studies of proteome-wide pI distributions. It was found that the whole-proteome distributions of protein pI values are multimodal in different species. It was further hypothesized that the observed multimodality is associated with subcellular localization-specific differences in local pI distributions. Here, we overview the multimodality of proteome-wide pI distributions in different organisms focusing on the relationships between protein pI and subcellular localization. We also discuss the probable factors responsible for variation of the intracellular localization-specific pI profiles.
The Three-Dimensional Pallet Chart: An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Set of Feasible Layouts for a Class of Two-Dimensional Packing Problems (1984)

Kathryn A. Dowsland, The Three-Dimensional Pallet Chart: An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Set of Feasible Layouts for a Class of Two-Dimensional Packing Problems, The Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 35, No. 10 (Oct., 1984), pp. 895-905
Dynamic CQI resource allocation for OFDMA systems (2011)

In this paper, we propose a cross-layer dynamic CQI resource allocation (DCRA) scheme for OFDMA systems. Implemented at the base station (BS) side, DCRA algorithm chooses adaptively the mobile stations (MS) which are to send feedback to maintain their QoS constraints. Based on the channel quality indicator (CQI), feedback rate for each MS is determined exploiting the signaling of MAC layer automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol, users application and mobility profile. More specifically, DCRA first derives the optimal average feedback window values based on the user velocity and service class for a target packet error rate. Using this information, DCRA can then allocate the CQI resource dynamically on frame-by-frame basis. Simulations comparing our approach to an exiting Doppler based mechanism show that DCRA reduces the feedback overhead significantly while maintaining the application QoS constraints.
Ruthenium polypyridine complexes of tris-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine—unusual building blocks for the synthesis of photochemical molecular devices (2009)

The mononuclear compounds bis-(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii)-(tris(2-pyridyl)triazine) [(bpy)(2)Ru(tpt)](PF(6))(2) and bis-(4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii)-(tris(2-pyridyl)triazine) [(tbbpy)(2)Ru(tpt)](PF(6))(2) have been synthesised and fully characterised. The attempted syntheses of heterodinuclear complexes with the tris(2-pyridyl)triazine (tpt) ligand as bridging ligand and various palladium(ii)- and platinum(ii)-dichloro complexes using the ruthenium complexes as starting materials resulted in a partial hydrolysis of the triazine based bridging ligand in case of and an unselective decomposition in case of . Compound reacts with Pd(DMSO)(2)Cl(2) and Pt(DMSO)(2)Cl(2) substituting three ligands from the metal centres of these precursors with partial hydrolysis of the triazine moiety of the bridging ligand yielding the dinuclear complexes bis-(4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii)-N-((picolinamido)(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)picolinamide)chloro-palladium(ii) [(tbbpy)(2)Ru(tptO)PdCl](PF(6))(2) and bis-(4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium(ii)-N-((picolinamido)(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)picolinamide)chloro-platinum(ii) [(tbbpy)(2)Ru(tptO)PtCl](PF(6))(2). The newly formed bridging ligand coordinates in a bidentate fashion at the ruthenium centre and acts as a tridentate ligand for the second metal centre. The structures of all the complexes have been fully characterised and their photophysical properties are reported. A similar reaction sequence using the (4'-(p-bromophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)ruthenium(ii)-(tris(2-pyridyl)triazine) complex [(BrPhtpy)Ru(tpt)](PF(6))(2) and Pd(CH(3)CN)(2)Cl(2) as starting materials did not yield the hydrolysed bridging ligand but the expected dinuclear complex [(BrPhtpy)Ru(tpt)PdCl(2)](PF(6))(2) suggesting that the coordination of two pyridine rings of the tpt by the ruthenium centre is essential for the stabilisation of the tpt frame work. Preliminary investigations show that the dinuclear ruthenium-palladium and -platinum complexes are not active catalysts in the light-driven hydrogen production.