gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel tuning technique for RF phase arrays using fully-integrated monolithic AC-coupled 1-D VCO network (2008)

An integrated circuit design and analysis of a fully monolithic 1-Dimensional (1-D) AC-coupled voltage-controlled-oscillators (VCOs) network for potential applications on phase array antennas is presented. This fully monolithic RF VCO array integrates inductors with on-chip bias current sources and contains an odd number of VCOs AC-coupled through switchable resistor arrays. Our design can control the phasing of this on-chip VCO-array by means of tuning the edge elements and/or by varying the coupling strength via different resistor values. SPICE simulation shows promising results allowing phase and amplitude configurations across the array offering high directivity and a possible element-to-element phase tuning arrangement that can be achieved by simply manipulating the on-chip coupling network with edge VCOs tuning. Moreover, simulation data shows that these conditions allow a ~plusmn20deg coverage from broadside without the need for phase shifters or additional circuitry complexity. This AC-coupled 1-D VCO array, therefore, shows great potential for RF active antennas applications to perform wide angle beam steering for the highly used S-band.
Simultaneous Pattern and Data Clustering for Pattern Cluster Analysis (2008)

In data mining and knowledge discovery, pattern discovery extracts previously unknown regularities in the data and is a useful tool for categorical data analysis. However, the number of patterns discovered is often overwhelming. It is difficult and time-consuming to 1) interpret the discovered patterns and 2) use them to further analyze the data set. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new method that clusters patterns and their associated data simultaneously. When patterns are clustered, the data containing the patterns are also clustered; and the relation between patterns and data is made explicit. Such an explicit relation allows the user on the one hand to further analyze each pattern cluster via its associated data cluster, and on the other hand to interpret why a data cluster is formed via its corresponding pattern cluster. Since the effectiveness of clustering mainly depends on the distance measure, several distance measures between patterns and their associated data are proposed. Their relationships to the existing common ones are discussed. Once pattern clusters and their associated data clusters are obtained, each of them can be further analyzed individually. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experimental results on synthetic and real data are reported.
Controlling light-with-light without nonlinearity (2012)

According to the fundamental Huygens superposition principle, light beams traveling in a linear medium will pass though one another without mutual disturbance. Indeed, the field of photonics is based on the premise that controlling light signals with light requires intense laser fields to facilitate beam interactions in nonlinear media, where the superposition principle can be broken. Here we challenge this wisdom and demonstrate that two coherent beams of light of arbitrarily low intensity can interact on a metamaterial layer of nanoscale thickness in such a way that one beam modulates the intensity of the other. We show that the interference of beams can eliminate the plasmonic Joule losses of light energy in the metamaterial or, in contrast, can lead to almost total absorption of light. Applications of this phenomenon may lie in ultrafast all-optical pulse-recovery devices, coherence filters and terahertz-bandwidth light-by-light modulators.
Turning Waste into Value: Potassium‐Promoted Red Mud as an Effective Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> (2020)

Since 1887, red mud has been an unavoidable waste derived from the production of alumina in the Bayer process. Because of its high alkalinity and metal loading, red mud disposal and storage constitute a significant environmental risk. With worldwide storage capacity reaching its limits and no alternatives to the Bayer Process, the development of methods for the valorization of red mud is a must. In this study, red mud is converted into an efficient catalyst for the valorization of CO<sub>2</sub> . By simple potassium promotion, 45 % conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> with a light olefin (C<sub>2</sub> -C<sub>4</sub> ) selectivity of 36 % is achieved at 375 °C, 30 bar, and 9600 mL g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> , matching the performance of some of the best catalysts reported to date.
Identification of a CYP84 Family of Cytochrome P450-Dependent Mono-Oxygenase Genes in <i>Brassica napus</i> and Perturbation of Their Expression for Engineering Sinapine Reduction in the Seeds (2000)

CYP84 is a recently identified family of cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenases defined by a putative ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H) from Arabidopsis. Until recently F5H has been thought to catalyze the hydroxylation of ferulate to 5-OH ferulate en route to sinapic acid. Sinapine, a sinapate-derived ester in the seeds, is antinutritional and a target for elimination in canola meal. We have isolated three F5H-like genes (BNF5H1-3) from a cultivated Brassica napus, whose amphidiploid progenitor is considered to have arisen from a fusion of the diploids Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Two cultivated varieties of the diploids were also found to contain BNF5H3 and additionally either BNF5H1 or BNF5H2, respectively. Whereas all three are >90% identical in their coding sequence, BNF5H1 and BNF5H2 are closer to each other than to BNF5H3. This and additional data suggest that the two groups of genes have diverged in an ancestor of the diploids. B. napus showed maximal F5H expression in the stems, least in the seeds, and subtle differences among the expression profiles of the three genes elsewhere. Transgenic B. napus with cauliflower mosaic virus 35S-antisense BNF5H contained up to 40% less sinapine, from 9.0 +/- 0.3 mg in the controls to 5.3 +/- 0.3 mg g(-1) seed. F5H from Arabidopsis and a similar enzyme from sweetgum (Liquidamber styraciflua) has recently been shown to have coniferaldehyde hydroxylase activity instead of F5H activity. Thus the supply of 5-OH coniferaldehyde or 5-OH ferulate has a bearing on sinapine accumulation in canola seeds.
Development of a Fluorescence Polarization Assay for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Grains (2002)

Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus are commonly found in human and animal foods including grains, cereals, peanut products, sorghum, and soy seeds. Exposure to aflatoxins has been associated with carcinogenicity. This paper reports a simple, portable, and rapid fluorescence polarization (FP) assay for aflatoxin determination in grains. This immunoassay is field portable, homogeneous, and without any washing and cleaning steps. The assay is based upon the competition between free aflatoxin and an aflatoxin−fluorescein tracer for an aflatoxin-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. A series of naturally contaminated corn, sorghum, peanut butter, and peanut paste samples were analyzed by FP and compared with HPLC results. Similarly, spiked popcorn samples were analyzed by FP. FP results of naturally contaminated samples correlated well with HPLC (r 2 = 0.97). FP analysis of spiked popcorn samples (with a mixture of B1/B2/G1/G2, 7/1/3/1, w/w) gave a good correlation with spiked values (r 2 = 0.99). However, FP consistently underestimated the aflatoxin contents. This was perhaps due to low cross-reactivity of the antibody used toward B2, G1, and G2 aflatoxins. These results combined with the portability and simplicity of the assay suggest that the assay can be used for screening total aflatoxin in grains. Keywords: Aflatoxins; fluorescence polarization
Transient behaviour of torque and process efficiency during inertia friction welding (2018)

Process efficiency is a crucial parameter for inertia friction welding (IFW). A new method is developed to determine the efficiency by comparing the workpiece torque used to heat and deform the joint to the total torque. Particularly, the former is measured by torque load cell attached to the non-rotating workpiece, while the latter is determined from the deceleration rate of flywheel. The efficiency measured for IFW of AISI 1018 steel is inputted into analytical heat balance calculation of the upset length and finite element thermo-mechanical modelling of the extruded flash profile. The calculated results are consistent with the respective experiment data. The transient behaviour of torque and efficiency is discussed based on the energy loss and the bond formation.
Giant nonlinear response from plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to intersubband transitions (2014)

We report highly-nonlinear metasurfaces based on coupling of electromagnetically-engineered plasmonic nanoresonators with quantum-engineered intersubband nonlinearities. Experimentally, effective nonlinear susceptibility over 50 nm/V was measured for second-harmonic generation under normal incidence.
The Use of Defined Peptides in Characterizing Idiotypes (1987)

The structural correlates of idiotypes have been sought in several antibody systems. The cumulative results suggest that the hypervariable regions (or complementarity-determining regions) of the heavy and light chains are the structural basis of idiotypes. However, in most cases, it is exceedingly difficult to associate a particular idiotypic determinant with a specific amino acid sequence. Recently, synthetic peptides were used to induce antibodies specific for predefined determinants in intact proteins. These findings led us and others to use synthetic peptides corresponding to the hypervariable regions/complementarity-determining regions to induce anti-idiotypes. These novel anti-idiotypic antibodies are easy to prepare, and are ideal reagents for structural and genetic studies of antibody responses.
Molecular Distinctions between Stasis and Telomere Attrition Senescence Barriers Shown by Long-term Culture of Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (2009)

Normal human epithelial cells in culture have generally shown a limited proliferative potential of approximately 10 to 40 population doublings before encountering a stress-associated senescence barrier (stasis) associated with elevated levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and/or p21. We now show that simple changes in medium composition can expand the proliferative potential of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) initiated as primary cultures to 50 to 60 population doublings followed by p16-positive, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive stasis. We compared the properties of growing and senescent pre-stasis HMEC with growing and senescent post-selection HMEC, that is, cells grown in a serum-free medium that overcame stasis via silencing of p16 expression and that display senescence associated with telomere dysfunction. Cultured pre-stasis populations contained cells expressing markers associated with luminal and myoepithelial HMEC lineages in vivo in contrast to the basal-like phenotype of the post-selection HMEC. Gene transcript and protein expression, DNA damage-associated markers, mean telomere restriction fragment length, and genomic stability differed significantly between HMEC populations at the stasis versus telomere dysfunction senescence barriers. Senescent isogenic fibroblasts showed greater similarity to HMEC at stasis than at telomere dysfunction, although their gene transcript profile was distinct from HMEC at both senescence barriers. These studies support our model of the senescence barriers encountered by cultured HMEC in which the first barrier, stasis, is retinoblastoma-mediated and independent of telomere length, whereas a second barrier (agonescence or crisis) results from telomere attrition leading to telomere dysfunction. Additionally, the ability to maintain long-term growth of genomically stable multilineage pre-stasis HMEC populations can greatly enhance experimentation with normal HMEC.
Checkerboard EBG Surfaces for Wideband Radar Cross Section Reduction (2015)

Electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures have noteworthy electromagnetic characteristics that include their reflection phase variations with frequency. This paper applies this unique reflection phase property to alter the direction of the fields scattered by a radar target to reduce its radar cross section (RCS). This redirecting of the scattered fields occurs when a surface is covered with a checkerboard of alternating EBG structures, and results in a wider frequency band RCS reduction. RCS reduction compared to a PEC surface of 10 dB can be realized over 60% frequency bandwidth. Simulations of monostatic and bistatic RCSs of two dual EBG checkerboard surfaces, square and hexagonal, are compared with those of equal-sized PEC ground planes. The simulated monostatic RCS is also compared with measurements. Both TE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sup> and TM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sup> polarizations for oblique incidence are considered. Excellent agreement is obtained between simulated and measured patterns, for both the square and the hexagonal EBG checkerboard surfaces. An approximate analytical expression is provided as a guideline for a 10-dB RCS reduction of a dual EBG checkerboard surface compared to that of a PEC.
Development of Si frame-mounting x-ray masks (1994)

A new type X-ray mask called Si frame-mounting X-ray mask, by using the bonded SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) technique has been successfully developed. The combination of bonding a flat 2000 micrometers -thickness Si mask-substrate and a 6 mm-thickness Si plate with 0.5 micrometers -thickness SiO<SUB>2</SUB> film, achieved the local flatness less than 0.3 micrometers in a 25 mm square area and 2.5 micrometers or better for a 3'-diameter mask-substrate. The bonding strength of the interface between a Si mask-substrate and a Si frame was over 0.4 kgf/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and showed sufficiently high chemical proof during a mask fabrication process. The SiCN, as an X-ray transmitting film, deposited by an RF magnetron sputtering system also showed substantially good properties. The amorphous SiCN film had quite smooth surface with Ra of 0.4 nm and high elasticity (E/(1-(upsilon) ) equals 3.2 X 10<SUP>12</SUP> dyn/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). Furthermore, the SiCN film coated with an anti-reflective (AR) film made of SiO<SUB>2</SUB> had high transparency of 94% for He-Ne laser beam (633 nm). Consequently, it was verified that this Si frame-mounting X-ray mask by using the bonded SOI technique was excellent in all properties for practical use of an X-ray mask.
Double-clad fiber with a tapered end for confocal endomicroscopy (2011)

We present a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) for use in confocal endomicroscopy to reduce speckle contrast, increase signal collection while preserving optical sectioning. The DCFC is made by incorporating a double-clad tapered fiber (DCTF) to a fused-tapered DCFC for achromatic transmission (from 1265 nm to 1325 nm) of > 95% illumination light trough the single mode (SM) core and collection of > 40% diffuse light through inner cladding modes. Its potential for confocal endomicroscopy is demonstrated in a spectrally-encoded imaging setup which shows a 3 times reduction in speckle contrast as well as 5.5 × increase in signal collection compared to imaging with a SM fiber.
Quinazolines and 1,4‐benzodiazepines LXXIX. 8‐nitro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐<i>a</i>]‐[1,4] benzodiazepines (1977)

Abstract The preparation of 8‐nitro substituted pyrazolobenzodiazepines from 2‐fluoro‐5‐nitrobenzo‐phenone ( 1 ) and 3,5‐diacetoxymethylpyrazole ( 2 ) is reported.
Crosstalk optimization in low extinction-ratio switch fabrics (2014)

Intelligently setting nominally-idle cells in a PIC photonic switch reduces crosstalk. 100Gb/s DP-QPSK simulation shows 0.3dB OSNR improvement, for 13dB extinction ratio of a practical photonic switch cell. The method operates correctly in a 10Gb/s NRZ test-bed.
THE BIOMIMETIC APPROACH TO SELF HEALING POLYMER COMPOSITE DEVELOPMENT IN THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY (2007)

The concept of healing polymers was already established in the 1980’s, but the presentation of self healing polymer composites by Dry[1] in 1993 and then the well cited White[2] publication in 2001 inspired world wide interest in these materials. Self healing composites were very quickly recognized as having enormous potential to impact upon the structural materials used in the aerospace industry[3]. Examples of the interest that has been shown in this relatively new type of material are seen through US Air force and European Space Agency investments in self healing polymers as well as the extension of continuum damage mechanics modeling to account for self healing capabilities.
Novel Splicing of the Human MHC-Encoded Peptide Transporter Confers Unique Properties (1999)

Presentation of intracellularly derived antigenic peptides to T cells requires their assembly together with MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Such peptides are delivered to the ER by an MHC-encoded transporter composed of TAP1 and TAP2 protein delivery. Here, the first alternative splicing of Tap2 is described. The human splice variant, termed Tap2iso, lacks exon 11 and original 3' untranslated region and contains a newly identified exon 12 and 3' untranslated region. The full-length Tap2iso cDNA (2496 bp) predicts a protein of 653 amino acids. Tap2iso mRNA was normally coexpressed with Tap2 mRNA in all human lymphocyte cell lines examined. Function of TAP2iso was evaluated at multilevel in TAP1/2iso and TAP1/2 cotransfected T2 cells, a mutant cell line deplete of endogenous Tap gene products. The TAP1-TAP2iso transporter facilitated the maturation of MHC class I molecules in the ER and restored surface expression of class I. Importantly, TAP1-TAP2iso transporters expressed in T2 cells exhibited distinct and opposing influences on peptide selectivities, at times exceeding 30-fold differences in competition experiments and attributable to diversity in the 3'-COOH tail. The common coexpression of an alternative splice product of the Tap2 gene may contribute to broaden immune diversity, a mechanism previously described to occur predominantly at the level of the TCR and MHC class I gene products.
Complex bandpass ΣΔAD modulator with noise-coupled architecture (2008)

Complex bandpass DeltaSigmaAD modulators can provide superior performance to a pair of real bandpass DeltaSigmaAD modulators of the same order. They process just input I and Q signals, not image signals, and AD conversion can be realized with low power dissipation, so that they are desirable for such low-IF receiver applications. This paper proposes a new architecture for complex bandpass DeltaSigmaAD modulators with noise-coupled topology, which effectively raises the order of the complex modulator and achieves higher SQNDR (Signal to Quantization Noise and Distortion Ratio) with low power dissipation. By providing the cross-coupled quantization noise injection to internal I and Q Paths, two quantizerspsila noise coupling can be realized in complex form, which enhances the order of noise shaping in complex domain, and provides a higher-order NTF using a lower-order loop filter in complex DeltaSigmaAD modulator. Proposed higher-order modulator can be realized just by adding some passive capacitors and switches, the additional integrator circuit composed of operation amplifier is not necessary, and the performance of the complex modulator can be effectively raised without more power dissipation. We have performed simulation with MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture can achieve the realization of higher-order enhancement, and improve the SQNDR of a complex bandpass DeltaSigmaAD modulator.
Synthesis of Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligonucleotides and Their Chimeras Using Phosphoramidite Chemistry (2016)

Phosphorodiamidate morpholinos (PMOs) and PMO-DNA chimeras have been prepared on DNA synthesizers using phosphoramidite chemistry. This was possible by first generating boranephosphoroamidate morpholino internucleotide linkages followed by oxidative substitution with four different amines: N,N-dimethylamine, N-methylamine, ammonia, and morpholine. When compared to a natural DNA duplex, the amino modified PMO was found to have a higher melting temperature with either complementary DNA or RNA, whereas the remaining PMO analogues having morpholino, dimethylamino, or N-methylamino phosphorodiamidate linkages had melting temperatures that were either comparable or reduced. Additionally the N,N-dimethylamino PMO-DNA chimeras were found to stimulate RNaseH1 activity. Treatment of HeLa cells with fluorescently labeled PMO chimeras demonstrated that these analogues were efficiently taken up by cells in the presence of a lipid transfection reagent. Because of the simplistic synthesis procedures, various PMO analogues are now readily available and should therefore open new pathways for research into the antisense, diagnostic, and nanotechnology oligonucleotide fields.
Automatic functional test program generation for pipelined processors using model checking (2003)

Formal techniques offer an opportunity to significantly reduce the cost of microprocessor verification. We propose a model checking based approach to automatically generate functional test programs for pipelined processors. We specify the processor architecture in an Architecture Description Language (ADL). The processor model is extracted from the ADL specification. Specific properties are applied to the processor model using SMV model checker to generate test programs. We applied this methodology on a single-issue DLX processor to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
Expression and Processing of an <i>Arabidopsis</i> 2S Albumin in Transgenic Tobacco (1990)

2S albumin seed storage proteins undergo a complex series of posttranslational proteolytic cleavages. In order to determine if this process is correctly carried out in transgenic plants, the gene AT2S1 encoding an Arabidopsis thaliana 2S albumin isoform has been expressed in transgenic tobacco. Initial experiments using a reporter gene demonstrated that the AT2S1 promoter directs seed specific expression in both transgenic tobacco and Brassica napus plants. The entire AT2S1 gene was then transferred into tobacco plants, where it showed a tissue specific and developmentally regulated expression. Arabidopsis 2S albumin accumulates up to 0.1% of the total high-salt extractable seed protein. Protein sequencing demonstrated that the amino termini of the two Arabidopsis 2S albumin subunits were correctly processed, suggesting that the protease(s) necessary for posttranslational processing of 2S albumin precursors may display common specificities among different dicot plant species. Immunocytochemical studies showed that the Arabidopsis 2S albumin is localized in the protein body matrix of tobacco endosperm and embryo. Correct processing and targeting of the 2S albumin in transgenic plants suggests that modified versions could be expressed, allowing the study of 2S albumin processing and in particular the possible roles of the processed fragments in protein stability and/or targeting.
Unpassivated high power deeply recessed GaN HEMTs with fluorine-plasma surface treatment (2006)

In this letter, unpassivated high power deeply recessed GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are reported. The introduction of a thick graded AlGaN cap layer and a novel fluorine-plasma surface treatment reduced the gate-leakage current and increased breakdown voltage significantly, enabling the application of much higher drain biases. Due to excellent dispersion suppression achieved at an epitaxial level, an output power density of more than 17 W/mm with an associated power added efficiency (PAE) of 50% was measured at 4 GHz and V/sub DS/=80 V without SiN/sub x/ passivation. These results demonstrate the great potential of this novel epitaxial approach for passivation-free GaN-based HEMTs for high-power applications.