gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial focusing by indefinite complementary metamaterials (2008)

We have experimentally realized a two-dimensional partial focusing within a planar waveguide using complementary indefinite metamaterials. When the electric fields emitted from the dipole are TE polarized, the focusing condition requires negative magnetic response in the propagation direction of the waveguide, which can be achieved by the complementary electric resonator (CELC) structures. We have carefully designed the experimental configurations and the dimensions for the CELC structures. The experimental result is consistent with the theoretical prediction, which validates the partial focusing phenomenon.
Self‐Healing Polymers (2010)

Abstract Increasing demand for petroleum and the effect of the use of petroleum products on the environment continue to create the need for more sustainable technologies. Self‐healing technologies present an opportunity to quickly add a sustainable dimension to materials that are already being used in a wide variety of applications. The present work is a discourse that includes the classification of self‐healing and related technologies into autonomic and non‐autonomic approaches and further sub‐classification into the various types of self‐healing systems including one‐capsule, dual‐capsule, and microvascular. The varying chemistries that have been evaluated in the disparate classes of self‐healing systems are also discussed along with the compartmentalization of the reactants, self‐healing performance, and evaluation in relevant applications.
Gene Evolution of Epoxide Hydrolases and Recommended Nomenclature (1995)

We have analyzed amino acid sequence relationships among soluble and microsomal epoxide hydrolases, haloacid dehalogenases, and a haloalkane dehalogenase. The amino-terminal residues (1-229) of mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase are homologous to a haloacid dehalogenase. The carboxy-terminal residues (230-554) of mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase are homologous to haloalkane dehalogenase, to plant soluble epoxide hydrolase, and to microsomal epoxide hydrolase. The shared identity between the haloacid and haloalkane dehalogenases does not indicate relatedness between these two types of dehalogenases. The amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal homologies of mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase to the respective dehalogenases suggests that this epoxide hydrolase, but not the soluble epoxide hydrolase of plant or the microsomal epoxide hydrolase, derives from a gene fusion. The homology of microsomal to soluble epoxide hydrolase suggests they derive from a gene duplication, probably of an ancestral bacterial (epoxide) hydrolase gene. Based on homology to haloalkane dehalogenase, the catalytic residues for the soluble and microsomal epoxide hydrolases are predicted. A nomenclature system based on divergent molecular evolution is proposed for these epoxide hydrolases.
Processed B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Is a Biomarker of Postinterventional Restenosis in Ischemic Heart Disease (2013)

Processed forms of BNP may serve as viable potential biomarkers to rule out restenosis.
Cloned Defective Interfering Influenza RNA and a Possible Pan-Specific Treatment of Respiratory Virus Diseases (2015)

Defective interfering (DI) genomes are characterised by their ability to interfere with the replication of the virus from which they were derived, and other genetically compatible viruses. DI genomes are synthesized by nearly all known viruses and represent a vast natural reservoir of antivirals that can potentially be exploited for use in the clinic. This review describes the application of DI virus to protect from virus-associated diseases in vivo using as an example a highly active cloned influenza A DI genome and virus that protects broadly in preclinical trials against different subtypes of influenza A and against non-influenza A respiratory viruses. This influenza A-derived DI genome protects by two totally different mechanisms: molecular interference with influenza A replication and by stimulating innate immunity that acts against non-influenza A viruses. The review considers what is needed to develop DI genomes to the point of entry into clinical trials.
Non-coding RNAs in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure (2013)

Heart failure is a leading cause of death in industrialized nations especially in an aging population. The recent improvements in cardiac revascularization therapy reduced death rates because of myocardial infarction but steadily increased the number of individuals developing cardiac remodeling and heart failure in the future. Conceptual novel approaches entering the clinics to treat cardiac remodeling and heart failure remain scarce. MicroRNAs emerged as powerful and dynamic modifiers of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the current approaches using microRNAs as novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiac remodeling and heart failure are highlighted. Other gene regulatory mechanisms presented include long (>200 bp) noncoding RNAs that function as an additional regulatory machinery of the genome controlling both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events also in the cardiovascular system.
A multiple antigen peptide from the repetitive sequence of the <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> circumsporozoite protein induces a specific antibody response in mice of various H‐2 haplotypes (1990)

The major repetitive epitopes of the surface circumsporozoite (CS) protein of malaria sporozoites represent candidates for the development of subunit vaccines against malaria. However, previous experimental work has shown that repetitive peptides from the CS proteins of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. yoelii and P. berghei are immunogenic only in mice with the H-2b or H-2k haplotype. This led to the conclusion that strong T helper epitopes from the non-repetitive CS sequences were required in the design of sporozoite vaccines. In the present study, we investigated the immunogenicity in mice of a octa-branched multiple antigen peptide (MAP) containing repeats of the CS protein of the human malaria parasite, P. malariae, [MAP8(NAAG)6], and found that mice with an H-2b, H-2d, H-2k, H-2f, H-2q, and H-2s haplotype produced anti-peptide antibodies after immunization and that only H-2r mice were nonresponsive. This antibody response, not induced in athymic H-2b nu/nu mice, was directed against the (NAAG) sequence, but not against the lysine core of the MAP construct. Finally, when covalently linked to a synthetic polymer of the repetitive (NANP) sequence of the P. falciparum CS protein, [MAP8(NAAG)6] behaved as a carrier molecule for the production of anti-(NANP)n antibodies in H-2d and H-2k mice, genetically nonresponder to the (NANP)n sequence. Should this wide immunogenicity of the P. malariae CS (NAAG) repetitive sequence also apply to humans, it might be considered for the design of multivalent subunit malaria vaccines.
Improved electrostatic coalescense system with independent ac and dc hydrophilic electrodes. [Patent application] (1980)

An improved electrostatic coalescence system is provided in which independent AC and DC hydrophilic electrodes are employed to provide more complete dehydration of an oil emulsion. The AC field is produced between an AC electrode array and the water-oil interface wherein the AC electrode array is positioned parallel to the interface which acts as a grounded electrode. The emulsion is introduced into the AC field in an evenly distributed manner at the interface. The AC field promotes drop-drop and drop-interface coalescence of the water phase in the entering emulsion. The continuous oil phase passes upward through the perforated AC electrode array and enters a strong DC field produced between closely spaced DC electrodes in which small dispersed droplets of water entrained in the continuous phase are removed primarily by collection at hydrophilic DC electrodes. Large droplets of water collected by the electrodes migrate downward through the AC electrode array to the interface. All phase separation mechanisms are utilized to accomplish more complete phase separation.
A Real-Time Confocal Scanning Optical Microscope (1987)

A new type of real-time confocal scanning optical microscope, with the same measured resolution as a conventional confocal scanning optical microscope, is described. The system uses a rotating Nipkow disk with 150,000 pinholes etched in it, to yield a 640 frame/sec, 7000-line image. The transverse definition is of the order of 0.3 μm, and the 3 dB range resolution, with a 0.8 N.A. objective lens, is better than 0.75 μm.
<title>Device- and illuminant-independent color reproduction using principal component analysis and neural networks</title> (1995)

There exist several attempts to develop a system for device-independent color reproduction in desktop publishing. However, because conventional color management system is calibrated only by the colorimetric values under the standard illuminant, perceptual difference between the original and the reproduced colors will occur when these colors are viewed under non-standard illuminant. In this study, we present a method for device-and-illuminant independent color reproduction by adopting the spectral reflectance as an intermediate color representation. We trained three layered neural networks to realize the transformation from CMY values of the proof printer to the principal components (PCs) of the spectral reflectance, and the transformation from these PCs to C'M'Y' values of dye-sublimation printer. after the learning process, we evaluated the accuracy of the transformation from CMY to C'M'Y' through PCs by the trained neural networks.
Four-band quantum well infrared photodetector array (2004)

In this paper, four-band quantum well infrared photodetector array has been demonstrated by stacking different multi quantum well structures based on GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs material system.
Toward controlling gene expression at will: Specific regulation of the <i>erbB</i> - <i>2</i> / <i>HER</i> - <i>2</i> promoter by using polydactyl zinc finger proteins constructed from modular building blocks (1998)

To create a universal system for the control of gene expression, we have studied methods for the construction of novel polydactyl zinc finger proteins that recognize extended DNA sequences. Elsewhere we have described the generation of zinc finger domains recognizing sequences of the 5'-GNN-3' subset of a 64-member zinc finger alphabet. Here we report on the use of these domains as modular building blocks for the construction of polydactyl proteins specifically recognizing 9- or 18-bp sequences. A rapid PCR assembly method was developed that, together with this predefined set of zinc finger domains, provides ready access to 17 million novel proteins that bind the 5'-(GNN)6-3' family of 18-bp DNA sites. To examine the efficacy of this strategy in gene control, the human erbB-2 gene was chosen as a model. A polydactyl protein specifically recognizing an 18-bp sequence in the 5'-untranslated region of this gene was converted into a transcriptional repressor by fusion with Kr uppel-associated box (KRAB), ERD, or SID repressor domains. Transcriptional activators were generated by fusion with the herpes simplex VP16 activation domain or with a tetrameric repeat of VP16's minimal activation domain, termed VP64. We demonstrate that both gene repression and activation can be achieved by targeting designed proteins to a single site within the transcribed region of a gene. We anticipate that gene-specific transcriptional regulators of the type described here will find diverse applications in gene therapy, functional genomics, and the generation of transgenic organisms.
Decorrelation-based viscosity measurement using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation) (2017)

A robust method to measure viscosity of microquantities of biological samples, such as blood and mucus, could lead to a better understanding and diagnosis of diseases. Microsamples have presented persistent challenges to conventional rheology, which requires bulk quantities of a sample. Alternatively, fluid viscosity can be probed by monitoring microscale motion of particles. Here, we present a decorrelation-based method using M-mode phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure particle Brownian motion. This is similar to previous methods using laser speckle decorrelation but with sensitivity to nanometer-scale displacement. This allows for the measurement of decorrelation in less than 1 millisecond and significantly decreases sensitivity to bulk motion, thereby potentially enabling in vivo and in situ applications. From first principles, an analytical method is established using M-mode images obtained from a 47 kHz spectral-domain OCT system. A g(1) first-order autocorrelation is calculated from windows containing several pixels over a time frame of 200-1000 microseconds. Total imaging time is 500 milliseconds for averaging purposes. The autocorrelation coefficient over this short time frame decreases linearly and at a rate proportional to the diffusion constant of the particles, allowing viscosity to be calculated. In verification experiments using phantoms of microbeads in 200 µL glycerol-water mixtures, this method showed insensitivity to 2 mm/s lateral bulk motion and accurate viscosity measurements over a depth of 400 µm. In addition, the method measured a significant decrease of the apparent diffusion constant of soft tissue after formalin fixation, suggesting potential applications in mapping tissue stiffness.
Intelligent Data Fusion for Wide-Area Assessment of UXO Contamination. SERDP Project MM-1510. 2006 Annual Report (2007)

Abstract : Intelligent data fusion techniques are being developed and optimized for use in enhancing wide-area assessment UXO remediation efforts. A data fusion framework will be created to provide a cohesive data management and decision-making utility that will capture all available data and more efficiently direct the expenditure of time, labor, and resources. The objectives of the first year are to determine the feasibility of feature selection methods for data fusion. The first year of project MM-1510 successfully demonstrated the feasibility of feature extraction from wide-area assessment survey data. In contrast to the individual data sources, feature extraction yielded enhanced data for the Pueblo PBR #2 that was well-suited for data fusion. Preliminary combination of feature maps from the various data sources yielded a map for the Pueblo site that was more accurate than any one data source alone. Probability densities were generated from the feature maps and make possible the combination of estimates of data quality, UXO-related features, non-UXO backgrounds, and correlations among the data sets in a Bayesian-based approach to data fusion.
An Automated Micro-Total Immunoassay System for Measuring Cancer-Associated α2,3-linked Sialyl N-Glycan-Carrying Prostate-Specific Antigen May Improve the Accuracy of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis (2017)

The low specificity of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) is a major issue worldwide. The aim of this study to examine whether the serum PCa-associated α2,3-linked sialyl <i>N</i>-glycan-carrying PSA (S2,3PSA) ratio measured by automated micro-total immunoassay systems (μTAS system) can be applied as a diagnostic marker of PCa. The μTAS system can utilize affinity-based separation involving noncovalent interaction between the immunocomplex of S2,3PSA and <i>Maackia amurensis</i> lectin to simultaneously determine concentrations of free PSA and S2,3PSA. To validate quantitative performance, both recombinant S2,3PSA and benign-associated α2,6-linked sialyl <i>N</i>-glycan-carrying PSA (S2,6PSA) purified from culture supernatant of PSA cDNA transiently-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells were used as standard protein. Between 2007 and 2016, fifty patients with biopsy-proven PCa were pair-matched for age and PSA levels, with the same number of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients used to validate the diagnostic performance of serum S2,3PSA ratio. A recombinant S2,3PSA- and S2,6PSA-spiked sample was clearly discriminated by μTAS system. Limit of detection of S2,3PSA was 0.05 ng/mL and coefficient variation was less than 3.1%. The area under the curve (AUC) for detection of PCa for the S2,3PSA ratio (%S2,3PSA) with cutoff value 43.85% (AUC; 0.8340) was much superior to total PSA (AUC; 0.5062) using validation sample set. Although the present results are preliminary, the newly developed μTAS platform for measuring %S2,3PSA can achieve the required assay performance specifications for use in the practical and clinical setting and may improve the accuracy of PCa diagnosis. Additional validation studies are warranted.
Optical coherence tomography vs. high-frequency ultrasound during noninvasive laser coagulation of the canine vas deferens (2012)

A noninvasive approach to vasectomy may eliminate male fear of complications related to surgery and increase its acceptance. Noninvasive laser thermal occlusion of the canine vas deferens has recently been reported. In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) are compared for monitoring laser thermal coagulation of the vas in an acute canine model. Bilateral noninvasive laser coagulation of the vas was performed in 6 dogs (n=12 vasa) using a Ytterbium fiber laser wavelength of 1075 nm, incident power of 9.0 W, pulse duration of 500 ms, pulse rate of 1 Hz, and 3-mm-diameter spot. Cryogen spray cooling was used to prevent skin burns during the procedure. An OCT system with endoscopic probe and a HFUS system with 20-MHz transducer were used to image the vas immediately before and after the procedure. Vasa were then excised and processed for gross and histologic analysis for comparison with OCT and HFUS images. OCT provided high-resolution, superficial imaging of the compressed vas within the vas ring clamp, while HFUS provided deeper imaging of the vas held manually in the scrotal fold. Both OCT and high HFUS are promising imaging modalities for real-time confirmation of vas occlusion during noninvasive laser vasectomy.
Blockade of sigma 1 receptors alleviates sensory signs of diabetic neuropathy in rats (2016)

Blockade of σ1R avoids the development of diabetic neuropathy in rats, and may represent a potentially useful therapeutic approach to peripheral neuropathies in diabetic patients. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: This study presents evidences for the potential usefulness of sigma receptor blockade on diabetic neuropathy in rats. The methodology includes behavioural evidences, electrophysiological data and vascular-isolated models.
DEVELOPMENT OF ADAMTS13 ACTIVITY ELISA KIT AND EVALUATION OF ITS PERFORMANCE (2010)

ADAMTS13は，止血因子であるフォンビレブランド因子（VWF）のA2ドメイン内のTyr1605-Met1606間のペプチド結合を特異的に切断する酵素である．この切断により新たに生じるペプチドのC末端Tyr1605を特異的に認識するモノクローナル抗体を用いて，基質の切断生成物をELISA法で直接測定する原理に基づいたADAMTS13活性測定法のキット化を行い，そのキットの基本的な性能を評価した． 本キットの最小検出感度は，健常人のADAMTS13活性100％に対して，0.4％と高感度であった．また，調製したプレート内のウエル間の均一性（変動係数（CV）=3.3％）は良好で，濃度の違う検体での同時再現性（CV=1.1～4.7％）及び日差再現性（CV=2.6～7.5％）も良好であった．希釈試験では，原点に回帰する良好な直線性が得られた．またヘモグロビンやビリルビン等の共存物質の影響は，検討した濃度範囲では認められなかった．反応はEDTAで完全に阻害された． 臨床検体及び健常人検体を本キットで測定したときのADAMTS13活性は，健常人プール血漿100％に対し先天性のADAMTS13活性欠損症であるUpshaw-Schulman症候群（USS）で0.5％以下～2.7％，USS保因者群で7.7～85.3％，血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病（TTP）群で0.5％以下～58.1％，健常人で54.7～134.4％と測定され，TTPの診断に必要な判別能を有しており，SDS-agaroseゲル電気泳動法との相関は相関係数（r）=0.931と良好であった．本キットは優れた性能と操作性を有していることから，TTPの診断や血小板輸血時の適否判断などにおいて有用であると考えられた．
Path to plastics composed of ligninsulphonates (lignosulfonates) (2015)

In tensile behaviour, polymeric materials containing only methylated ball-milled lignin surpass polystyrene, while 85% w/w ligninsulphonate blends approach polyethylene.
Exploiting Platform Heterogeneity for Power Efficient Data Centers (2007)

It has recently become clear that power management is of critical importance in modern enterprise computing environments. The traditional drive for higher performance has influenced trends towards consolidation and higher densities, artifacts enabled by virtualization and new small form factor server blades. The resulting effect has been increased power and cooling requirements in data centers which elevate ownership costs and put more pressure on rack and enclosure densities. To address these issues, in this paper, we enable power-efficient management of enterprise workloads by exploiting a fundamental characteristic of data centers: "platform heterogeneity". This heterogeneity stems from the architectural and management-capability variations of the underlying platforms. We define an intelligent workload allocation method that leverages heterogeneity characteristics and efficiently maps workloads to the best fitting platforms, significantly improving the power efficiency of the whole data center. We perform this allocation by employing a novel analytical prediction layer that accurately predicts workload power/performance across different platform architectures and power management capabilities. This prediction infrastructure relies upon platform and workload descriptors that we define as part of our work. Our allocation scheme achieves on average 20% improvements in power efficiency for representative heterogeneous data center configurations, highlighting the significant potential of heterogeneity-aware management.
An instrument for measuring the momentum flux from atomic and charged particle jets (1990)

We have developed an instrument to measure the momentum flux from an intense plasma stream for which the standard techniques used for low-pressure gases (&lt;10 Torr) at room temperature are unsuitable. With a response time of &lt; 50 ms, this device, a plasma momentum meter, can measure forces of 10−5–103 N onto surfaces of different materials immersed in dense plasmas (n≳1012cm−3). Such forces are transmitted predominantly by ionic and neutral species, with 10’s of eV’s of kinetic energy, are accompanied by high heat fluxes, and are pulsed. The momentum flux onto a biasable target plate is transferred via a suspended quartz tube onto a sensitive force transducer, a capacitance-type pressure gauge. This protects the transducer from thermal damage, arcing, and sputtering. An absolute force calibration of the PMM to 1% accuracy has been made and is described. A flat carbon target has been used in measurements of the momentum flux of He, Ne, Ar, and Kr plasmas produced in a magnetized linear plasma device.
Implementation of an Evaluation Platform for Unwanted Traffic Control via Trust Management (2012)

People's life has been totally changed by the fast growth of the Internet, which provides opportunities to get access to huge amount of information resources, killer services and applications, offering users great convenience. However, various unwanted or unexpected contents could be distributed over the Internet, which greatly burden both users and internet service providers. People have conducted much research on unwanted traffic control via trust and reputation mechanisms, but literature still lacks a good evaluation platform that could simulate various kinds of attacks on the trust management systems and evaluate their performance. This paper reports the design and implementation of a MATLAB-based evaluation platform, which can simulate a network environment and evaluate trust management performance under various intrusion and attack models for unwanted traffic control. We investigate the effectiveness of the evaluation platform through case studies on two trust management systems: global trust management system and hybrid trust management system. Our evaluation results show the applicability of our platform.
BDNF gene delivery within and beyond templated agarose multi-channel guidance scaffolds enhances peripheral nerve regeneration (2016)

Combinatorial treatment with multichannel bioengineered scaffolds and distal growth factor delivery significantly improves peripheral nerve repair, rivaling the gold standard of autografts.