gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulating birth to investigate clinician-applied loads on newborns (1995)

This report describes the design, development and testing of a force-measuring birth stimulator. Designed to mimic the feel of an obstetric emergency, the simulator is named shoulder dystocia birth model (SDBM). The SDBM consists of a simply supported overhung beam, instrumented with two strain gauges and one commercially-available sensor, all of which are embedded in a maternal manikin that rests on a height-adjustable scissors jack. Rigidly affixed to the free end of the beam, a model of a newborn head protrudes from the manikin to allow physicians to simulate the loads they exert when delivering a newborn. A microcomputer-based data acquisition system monitors, analyses and processes the output from the gauges and the sensor in real time. The system measures axial force and vertical force to within 2% accuracy and the end-moment to within 5% accuracy. Testing with 15 University of Maryland clinicians simulating routine, difficult and SD deliveries reveals average peak force magnitudes of 68 N, 118 N and 172 N and average peak moment magnitudes of 138 N. cm, 384 N.cm and 621 N.cm, respectively. The standard deviations for these average peak values are large indicating wide variation in perceived loads required to deliver. Confirming clinical observation, average peak forces for some difficult and many shoulder dystocia deliveries exceed the force necessary to induce clavicle fracture at birth.
DT-GC: Adaptive Garbage Collection with Dynamic Thresholds for SSDs (2014)

Solid state drives (SSDs) are rapidly growing used in both personal computer and enterprise server area in the past several years. Compare with traditional hard disk drive, the advantages of SSDs are great performance, small size and shock resistance. However, SSDs suffer from obvious performance dropping when free physical pages become lacking, after plenty of data writing. Because time-consuming garbage collection has to be ran to gaining enough free pages. Most algorithms determine a certain threshold of free page proportion, which could not adapt to various application environments, to trigger the garbage collection process. To achieve efficient garbage collection in most application environments, we propose DT-GC, an adaptive garbage collection method with dynamic thresholds. In such scheme, garbage collection request with different priority could be triggered intelligently by dynamic thresholds, which are determined by the running state of SSDs.
Z-Selectivc Olefin Metathesis using Chelating Ruthenium Alkylidene Catalysts (2014)

Publications about olefin metathesis will generally discuss how the discovery and development of well-defined catalysts to carry out this unique transformation have revolutionized many fields, from natural product and materials chemistry, to green chemistry and biology. However, until recently, an entire manifestation of this methodology had been inaccessible. Except for a few select examples, metathesis catalysts favor the thermodynamic trans- or E-olefin products in cross metathesis (CM), macrocyclic ring closing metathesis (mRCM), ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), and many other types of reactions. Judicious choice of substrates had allowed for the direct synthesis of cis- or Z-olefins or species that could be converted upon further reaction, however the catalyst controlled synthesis of Z-olefins was not possible until very recently. Research into the structure and stability of metallacyclobutane intermediates has led to the proposal of models to impart Z-selectivity in metathesis reactions. Having the ability to influence the orientation of metallacyclobutane substituents to cause productive formation of Z- double bonds using steric and electronic effects was highly desired. The first successful realization of this concept was by Schrock and Hoveyda et al. who synthesized monoaryloxide pyrolidine (MAP) complexes of tungsten and molybdenum that promoted Z-selective CM. The Z-selectivity of these catalysts was attributed to the difference in the size of the two axial ligands. This size difference influences the orientation of the substituents on the forming/incipient metallacyclobutane intermediate to a cis-geometry and leads to productive formation of Z-olefins. These catalysts have shown great utility in the synthesis of complicated natural product precursors and stereoregular polymers. More recently, ruthenium catalysts capable of promoting Z-selective metathesis have been reported by our group and others. This thesis will discuss the development of ruthenium-based NHC chelated Z-selective catalysts, studies probing their unique metathesis mechanism, and synthetic applications that have been investigated thus far. Chapter 1 will focus on studies into the stability of NHC chelated complexes and the synthesis of new and improved stable chelating architectures. Chapter 2 will discuss applications of the highly active and Z-selective developed in Chapter 1, including the formation of lepidopteran female sex pheromones using olefin cross metathesis and highly Z- and highly E-macrocycles using macrocyclic ring closing metathesis and Z-selective ethenolysis. Chapter 3 will explore studies into the unique mechanism of olefin metathesis reactions catalyzed by these NHC chelated, highly Z-selective catalysts, explaining observed trends by investigating the stability of relevant, substituted metallacyclobutane intermediates.
Human cytomegalovirus capsid assembly protein precursor (pUL80.5) interacts with itself and with the major capsid protein (pUL86) through two different domains (1997)

We have used the yeast GAL4 two-hybrid system to examine interactions between the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major capsid protein (MCP, encoded by UL86) and the precursor assembly protein (pAP, encoded by UL80.5 and cleaved at its carboxyl end to yield AP) and found that (i) the pAP interacts with the MCP through residues located within the carboxy-terminal 21 amino acids of the pAP, called the carboxyl conserved domain (CCD); (ii) the pAP interacts with itself through a separate region, called the amino conserved domain (ACD), located between amino acids His34 and Arg52 near the amino end of the molecule; (iii) the simian CMV (SCMV) pAP and AP can interact with or replace their HCMV counterparts in these interactions, whereas the herpes simplex virus pAP and AP homologs cannot; and (iv) the HCMV and SCMV maturational proteinase precursors (ACpra, encoded by UL80a and APNG1, respectively) can interact with the pAP and MCP. The ACD and CCD amino acid sequences are highly conserved among members of the betaherpesvirus group and appear to have counterparts in the alpha- and gammaherpesvirus pAP homologs. Deleting the ACD from the HCMV pAP, or substituting Ala for a conserved Leu in the ACD, eliminated detectable pAP self-interaction and also substantially reduced MCP binding in the two-hybrid assay. This finding indicates that the pAP self-interaction influences the pAP-MCP interaction. Immunofluorescence studies corroborated the pAP-MCP interaction detected in the GAL4 two-hybrid experiments and showed that nuclear transport of the MCP was mediated by pAP but not AP. We conclude that the pAP interacts with the MCP, that this interaction is mediated by the CCD and is influenced by pAP self-interaction, and that one function of the pAP-MCP interaction may be to provide a controlled mechanism for transporting the MCP into the nucleus.
Improved Electrochemistry in Low-Polarity Media Using Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate Salts as Supporting Electrolytes (2000)

The noncoordinating anion [B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) solubilizes cations and polycations, allowing the generation and study of such systems in low-dielectric media. Thus, when [NBu(4)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] is used as a supporting electrolyte, cyclic voltammetry is possible in aliphatic ethers and other solvents of very low polarity.
Perseus -- A Personalized Reputation System (2007)

We propose Perseus, a personalized reputation system. In Perseus, reputations comprise of three aspects: how much I personally trust another individual, how trustworthy others think the individual is, and how much I trust the opinions of others. Perseus is adaptive in the sense that user feedback is used to modify the way the different aspects are considered. We also present simulation experiments, which indicate that Perseus is robust and able to survive under extreme conditions of misbehavior. In addition, Perseus encourages individuals to rate the other party and give fair ratings. We also compare Perseus against other well-known reputation systems.
Cursive Script Textline Image Transformation for Improving OCR Accuracy (2019)

Over the years, there has been significant progress in field of OCR for cursive script, such as italic and handwritten text. However, complex cursive script is still a major challenging factor to parse OCR correctly from the image. Additionally, most of the OCR systems trained on straight scripts textline images, could not produce reasonable results for cursive script textline images. In this paper, our main focus is to transform cursive script textline images into straight scripts textline images with the intention of equally using straight script OCR systems for both straight and cursive scripts textline images. We use generative adversarial networks (GANs) models in conditional settings to transform cursive scripts into straight scripts. Our experiment shows that the transformed cursive script performs better than the original cursive script on open-source straight script OCR systems to parse character.
Structural analysis of mouse glycine receptor alpha subunit genes. Identification and chromosomal localization of a novel variant. (1994)

The inhibitory glycine receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel protein that occurs in different developmentally regulated isoforms in the mammalian central nervous system. Here, we have analyzed genomic clones covering the coding regions of the murine glycine receptor alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunit genes. Both genes contain eight intronic regions with precisely conserved boundaries. The same structure was also found for seven exons of a third homologous gene, alpha 4, identified during screening. The predicted alpha 4 polypeptide displays very high homology to the alpha 2 subunit. Like the alpha 2 gene, the alpha 4 gene maps to the mouse X chromosome. Our data indicate that the genomic organization of glycine receptor alpha subunit genes is conserved during evolution.
Cyclic oligoadenylate signaling and regulation by ring nucleases during type III CRISPR defense (2021)

In prokaryotes, CRISPR-Cas immune systems recognize and cleave foreign nucleic acids to defend against mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Type III CRISPR-Cas complexes also synthesize cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers, which activate CRISPR ancillary proteins involved in antiviral defense. In particular, cOA-stimulated nucleases degrade RNA and DNA nonspecifically, which slows MGE replication but also impedes cell growth, necessitating mechanisms to eliminate cOA in order to facilitate cell recovery. Extant cOA is degraded by a new class of enzyme termed a "ring nuclease," which cleaves cOA specifically and switches off CRISPR ancillary enzymes. Several ring nuclease families have been characterized to date, including a family used by MGEs to circumvent CRISPR immunity, and encompass diverse protein folds and distinct cOA cleavage mechanisms. In this review we examine cOA signaling, discuss how different ring nucleases regulate the cOA signaling pathway, and reflect on parallels between cyclic nucleotide-based immune systems to reveal new areas for exploration.
Analysis of the Tetronomycin Gene Cluster: Insights into the Biosynthesis of a Polyether Tetronate Antibiotic (2008)

The biosynthetic gene cluster for tetronomycin (TMN), a polyether ionophoric antibiotic that contains four different types of ring, including the distinctive tetronic acid moiety, has been cloned from Streptomyces sp. NRRL11266. The sequenced tmn locus (113 234 bp) contains six modular polyketide synthase (PKS) genes and a further 27 open-reading frames. Based on sequence comparison to related biosynthetic gene clusters, the majority of these can be assigned a plausible role in TMN biosynthesis. The identity of the cluster, and the requirement for a number of individual genes, especially those hypothesised to contribute a glycerate unit to the formation of the tetronate ring, were confirmed by specific gene disruption. However, two large genes that are predicted to encode together a multifunctional PKS of a highly unusual type seem not to be involved in this pathway since deletion of one of them did not alter tetronomycin production. Unlike previously characterised polyether PKS systems, oxidative cyclisation appears to take place on the modular PKS rather than after transfer to a separate carrier protein, while tetronate ring formation and concomitant chain release share common mechanistic features with spirotetronate biosynthesis.
High-performance and Ultra-compact Endless Automatic Polarization Controller based on Thin-film Lithium Niobate (2022)

Based on thin-film lithium niobate platform, we experimentally demonstrate an endless automatic polarization controller which only requires a driving voltage range of 10 V, and achieves a polarization tracking speed of 10 Krad/s.
Phasor transformation and its application to the DC/AC analyses of frequency phase-controlled series resonant converters (SRC) (1990)

A novel modeling technique based on phasor transformation that provides a unified model of series resonant converters (SRCs) is proposed. The approach gives explicit and simple equations that provide fruitful physical insight. When the switching frequency deviates from the resonant frequency, a first-order SRC model is obtained, and in the case of resonance a second-order model is obtained. It is shown that the frequency band of the second-order model is very narrow in practice. The time constant, small-signal gains, and system order are highly dependent on the switching frequency, load resistor, and output capacitor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential Effects of CD40 Ligand/Trimer Stimulation on the Ability of Dendritic Cells to Replicate and Transmit HIV Infection: Evidence for CC-Chemokine-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (1999)

The role of exogenous stimulation of CD40 by CD40 ligand (CD40L) in dendritic cell (DC) maturation, CC-chemokine production, and CCR5 receptor expression was examined using a soluble trimeric CD40L agonist protein (CD40LT). Stimulation of monocyte-derived DCs with CD40LT enhanced the production of the CC-chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and RANTES and diminished surface expression of CCR5. Based on these findings, the functional role of CD40LT stimulation on the ability of DCs to replicate and transmit HIV viral infection was studied. The addition of CD40LT to cocultures of naive CD4+ T cells and autologous DCs (T/DC) infected with the macrophage-tropic isolate, HIVBaL, caused a striking reduction in reverse transcriptase (RT) activity after 10 and 14 days of culture. The addition of a mixture of Abs against CC-chemokines abrogated the decrease in RT activity, demonstrating that the inhibitory effect mediated by CD40LT was CC-chemokine-dependent. In contrast, the presence of CD40LT in T/DC cocultures infected with the T cell-tropic isolate, HIV IIIB, caused an increase in RT activity that was CC-chemokine-independent. Of note, CD40LT stimulation also inhibited RT activity in cultures containing macrophage-tropic virus (HIVBaL)-infected DC only. However, in contrast to the results seen in the T/DC cocultures, CD40LT stimulation inhibited RT activity in cultures of DCs alone in a CC-chemokine-independent manner. Together, these results show that CD40LT stimulation of DCs suppresses HIV replication and transmission to CD4+ T cells by two potentially different mechanisms.
Electrical Transport and Channel Length Modulation in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (2013)

We perform finite-element analysis modeling and characterization of quasi-ballistic electrical transport in semiconducting carbon nanotube field effect transistors, and fit experimental electrical transport data from both suspended and on-substrate single-walled carbon nanotube transistors fabricated using chemical vapor deposition. Previous studies have focused on modeling ballistic transport in carbon nanotube field effect transistors, but have ignored the spatial dependence of the resistance, voltage, and Fermi energy. These spatial variations play an important role in several high voltage effects that are particularly important in the quasi-ballistic transport regime where most current or near-term devices operate. We show the relationship between device geometry and pinch-off, current saturation, and channel length modulation in the quantum capacitance regime. Output resistance is found to increase with gate coupling efficiency with a power law behavior. This model can be used for the extraction of device properties from experimental data and as a design environment tool.
Hippocampal resections impair associative learning and recognition memory in the monkey (1982)

Damage to the hippocampus has been implicated in the permanent loss of memory in patients with medial temporal lobe resections. In two previous studies, it was established that bilateral ablations of the hippocampus in the monkey impaired performance on an associative learning task and on an object discrimination retention task. The two objectives of the present study were to assess the long term effects of hippocampal resections in the monkey and to extend the analysis of the effects of these resections to recognition memory. Therefore, the performance of monkeys with either hippocampal ablations or fornix transections, sustained 5 years earlier, was compared (1) on a concurrent discrimination task--a previously unencountered associative learning task--and (2) on a nonmatching-to-sample recognition task with either delays interposed between the presentation of the sample object and the recognition trial or with lists of either 1-, 3-, 5-, or 10-object samples. Significant impairment on both tasks was found after hippocampal, but not after fornix, damage. Though monkeys in the hippocampal group were impaired on both delays and lists, the impairment was more severe on the lists, with abnormal sensitivity to pro- and retroactive interference as a possible source of difficulty. Thus, in parallel with clinical findings, ablations of the hippocampus in the nonhuman primate produce an enduring disruption of memory.
Pathogenicity potential of<i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>strains isolated from canine carriers and from dogs with infection signs (2013)

Keywords: : biofilmcanine infectionpathogenicityprotein A Staphylococcus pseudintermedius toxinvirulence
Modulation of epitope‐specific anti‐hepatitis C virus E2 (anti‐HCV/E2) antibodies by anti‐viral treatment (2006)

The dynamic features of three specific anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody subpopulations directed against different conformational epitopes of the viral E2 protein (HCV/E2) have been evaluated in patients with primary and persistent HCV infection; the three subpopulations are present in patients infected with different HCV genotypes and have shown a different activity using a pseudovirus neutralization assay (antibodies e301 and e137 exhibiting high neutralizing activity, while antibody e509 enhancement of HCV infectivity). In sequential samples from five patients with primary HCV infection and different virological outcome, all samples tested negative with the single exception of the e509 antibody in a patient not clearing the virus. In sequential samples from 28 patients with persistent infection under treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin (14 sustained virological responders and 14 non-responders), the therapy did not selectively influence titers of the two neutralizing antibody subpopulations; otherwise, a net increase of the e509 antibody subpopulation related to enhancement of HCV infectivity was observed in non-responders, but not in sustained virological responders (P = 0.0156). This increase was not related to the trend of total anti-HCV/E2 response. The data indicate that a specific antibody response against these epitopes is elicited only late during the infection, thus not influencing virus clearance during primary infection, and that a selective increase of the antibody subpopulation enhancing virus infectivity is observed only in the cohort of patients not responding to antiviral therapy.
Zebrafish: from disease modeling to drug discovery. (2003)

The study of zebrafish, a leading model organism for developmental biology, is rapidly expanding to include human disease. Zebrafish models based on known disease mechanisms have been developed in several therapeutic areas, including blood diseases, diabetes, muscular dystrophy, neurodegenerative disease, angiogenesis and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent progress in disease model development, and outlines the potential of zebrafish to contribute to drug discovery through the identification of novel drug targets, validation of those targets and screening for new therapeutic compounds.
Looking at the Middle Ages in the Cinema: An Overview (1999)

Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies - Volume 29, Numbers 1-2, 1999
Submicrometer FET gate fabrication using resistless and focused ion beam techniques (1985)

We report using a focused ion beam lithography, without the use of organic resists, to produce submicrometer gates. Refractory metal gates of WTi, with a minimum length near 0.1 μm, and p-type polysilicon gates, with lengths down to 0.5 μm, were fabricated. The gate lithography utilizes focused beams of Si++ or B+ ions produced from Au–Si or B–Pt alloy liquid metal ion sources and a three-lens mass-separating focusing column. We found that using proper implant and subsequent etch conditions causes the gate material to behave as a negative resist thus enabling gate definition. NMOS FET’s were fabricated with the WTi and p-type Si gates using these techniques and these devices had gate oxide thicknesses of 38 and ∼13 nm. The gate lengths varied between 2.0 and 0.15 μm. Transconductances as large as 180 mS/mm were obtained.
Interactive robotic framework for multi-sensory therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder (2016)

We present an interactive robotic framework that delivers emotional and social behaviors for multi-sensory therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders. Our framework includes emotion-based robotic gestures and facial expressions, as well as vision and audio-based monitoring system for quantitative measurement of the interaction. We also discuss the special aspects of interacting with children with autism with multi-sensory stimuli and the potentials of our approach for personalized therapies for social and behavioral learning.
A Procedure for Optimal Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment Design (1986)

Abstract A numerical procedure for determining proppant schedules for hydraulic fracturing treatments has been devised. This procedure uses previously developed fracture conductivity distribution curves1 to minimize the amount of proppant used in a treatment. Coupling this procedure to a fractured-well simulator and a fracturing treatment economics model allows the optimization of different aspects of a fracturing treatment.