gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of argon‐plasma treatment on proliferation of human‐skin–derived fibroblast on chitosan membrane <i>in vitro</i> (2005)

Chitosan is not only a nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer, but has also a chemical structure similar to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which promote scarless wound healing of skin. In this study, chitosan membranes were treated with argon plasma to improve their surface hydrophilicity. The results showed that the water contact angles of these surface-treated membranes were significantly reduced from 60.76 to 11.57 degrees . The total surface energy was increased from 41.06 to 67.31 mJ/m(2), with 60-86.95% improvement in the gamma-negative component and a 20% difference in the nonpolar component. Argon-plasma-treated chitosan membranes exhibited excellent attachment, migration, and proliferation of the human-skin-derived fibroblasts (hSFs) compared to the untreated ones. It was found that the duration of argon-plasma treatment influenced the cell proliferation, and the optical densities in MTT assay were enhanced. Argon-plasma treatment improved the surface hydrophilicity of chitosan membranes and promoted the attachment and proliferation of hSFs.
Hydrocarbon Emissions of SI Engines as Influenced by Fuel Absorption-Desorption in Oil Films (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In-cylinder absorption and desorption of fuel by lubricating oil films is assumed to be among the main sources of unburned hydrocarbon emissions from spark ignition engines. As this phenomenon is mainly conditioned by the solubility of fuel in lubricant, differences in hydrocarbon emission levels were measured running an automotive engine, with various couples of singular constituent fuels and lubricants. In this way it was found that lowering the solubility by a factor of 40 caused an average HC emission reduction of 30%.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It was found too that with commercial unleaded fuels the lubricant constitution had little influence on the emissions. As this fact was difficult to explain, and because the gasoline solubility values are not available, a single cylinder engine with an extended piston was specially designed to run with or without oil between the cylinder liner and the piston rings. The experimental method has been validated using an insoluble gaseous fuel (propane). Other experiments carried out with this set-up confirmed the results obtained with the automotive single cylinder engine, and showed once again the relatively low interaction between commercial fuels and lubricants.</div>
Fat Suppression in MR Imaging: Techniques and Pitfalls (1999)

Fat suppression is commonly used in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to suppress the signal from adipose tissue or detect adipose tissue. Fat suppression can be achieved with three methods: fat saturation, inversion-recovery imaging, and opposed-phase imaging. Selection of a fat suppression technique should depend on the purpose of the fat suppression (contrast enhancement vs tissue characterization) and the amount of fat in the tissue being studied. Fat saturation is recommended for suppression of signal from large amounts of fat and reliable acquisition of contrast material-enhanced images. The main drawbacks of this technique are sensitivity to magnetic field nonuniformity, misregistration artifacts, and unreliability when used with low-field-strength magnets. Inversion-recovery imaging allows homogeneous and global fat suppression and can be used with low-field-strength magnets. However, this technique is not specific for fat, and the signal intensity of tissue with a long T1 and tissue with a short T1 may be ambiguous. Opposed-phase imaging is a fast and readily available technique. This method is recommended for demonstration of lesions that contain small amounts of fat. The main drawback of opposed-phase imaging is unreliability in the detection of small tumors embedded in fatty tissue.
A Weak TATA Box Is a Prerequisite for Glucocorticoid-dependent Repression of the Osteocalcin Gene (1997)

The TATA box element is not only important for establishing basal levels of transcription, but it can also be used to modulate cell type or stage specific gene activity. In the case of the human osteocalcin gene, which is transcriptionally repressed by glucocorticoids, a specific binding element for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) overlaps a noncanonical TATA box. In the present study, the relevance and function of the TATA element in glucocorticoid-mediated repression of the human osteocalcin gene was characterized. Mutating this noncanonical TATA box into a consensus TATA box within the context of the osteocalcin promoter greatly decreased hormone-dependent transcriptional repression by GR. TATA-binding protein (TBP) bound this mutated element much more strongly suggesting a physiologically relevant role for the weak osteocalcin TATA element in the regulation of this bone specific gene. The optimization of the putative transcription factor IIB recognition site did not affect the level of GR-mediated repression. Our results support a model wherein competitive DNA binding of GR and TBP for their overlapping sites explains conditional repression of the osteocalcin gene by glucocorticoids.
Influence of periodic wall roughness on the slip behaviour at liquid/solid interfaces: molecular-scale simulations versus continuum predictions (2006)

The influence of surface roughness on the slip behaviour of a Newtonian liquid in steady planar shear is investigated using three different approaches, namely Stokes flow calculations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and a statistical mechanical model for the friction coefficient between a corrugated wall and the first liquid layer. These approaches are used to probe the behaviour of the slip length as a function of the slope parameter $ka\,{=}\,2 \pi a/\lambda$ , where $a$ and $\lambda$ represent the amplitude and wavelength characterizing the periodic corrugation of the bounding surface. The molecular and continuum approaches both confirm a monotonic decay in the slip length with increasing $ka$ but the rate of decay as well as the magnitude of the slip length obtained from the Stokes flow solutions exceed the MD predictions as the wall feature sizes approach the liquid molecular dimensions. In the limit of molecular-scale wall corrugation, a Green–Kubo analysis based on the fluctuation–dissipation theorem accurately reproduces the MD results for the behaviour of the slip length as a function of $a$ . In combination, these three approaches provide a detailed picture of the influence of periodic roughness on the slip length which spans multiple length scales ranging from molecular to macroscopic dimensions.
Optimizing T4 DNA Polymerase Conditions Enhances the Efficiency of One-Step Sequence- and Cligation-Independent Cloning (2017)

Previously, we developed a one-step sequence- and ligation-independent cloning (SLIC) method that is simple, fast, and cost-effective. However, although one-step SLIC generally works well, its cloning efficiency is occasionally poor, potentially due to formation of stable secondary structures within the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) region generated by T4 DNA polymerase during the 2.5 min treatment at room temperature. To overcome this problem, we developed a modified thermo-regulated one-step SLIC approach by testing shorter T4 DNA polymerase treatment durations (5 s-2.5 min) over a wide range of temperatures (25-75°C). The highest cloning efficiency resulted when inserts with homology lengths <20 bases were treated with T4 DNA polymerase for 30 s at 50°C. This briefer T4 polymerase treatment at a higher temperature helps increase cloning efficiency for inserts with strong secondary structures at their ends, increasing the utility of one-step SLIC for the cloning of short fragments.
Localized muscle vibration reverses quadriceps muscle hypotrophy and improves physical function: a clinical and electrophysiological study (2017)

Quadriceps weakness has been associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). High-frequency localized muscle vibration (LMV) has been proposed recently for quadriceps strengthening in patients with knee OA. The purpose of this study was (a) to investigate the clinical effectiveness of high-frequency LMV on quadriceps muscle in patients with knee OA and (b) to disentangle, by means of surface electromyography (sEMG), the underlying mechanism. Thirty patients, aged between 40 and 65 years, and clinically diagnosed with knee OA were included in this randomized, controlled, single-blinded pilot study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a study group treated with LMV, specifically set for muscle strengthening (150 Hz), by means of a commercial device VIBRA, and a control group treated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Clinical outcome was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Visual Analogue Scale, knee range of motion, Timed Up and Go test, and Stair climbing test. To assess changes in muscle activation and fatigue a subgroup of 20 patients was studied with the use of sEMG during a sustained isometric contraction. The LMV group showed a significant change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score, Visual Analogue Scale score, Timed Up and Go test, Stair Climbing Test, and knee flexion. These improvements were not significant in patients treated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation. sEMG analysis suggested an increased involvement of type II muscle fibers in the group treated with LMV. In conclusion, the present study supports the effectiveness of local vibration in muscle function and clinical improvement of patients with knee OA.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Microscopy (1998)

Editor: Celis, J. E. et al.; Genre: Book; Issued: 1998; Keywords: FRET; fluorescence; Förster resonance energy transfer; Fluorescence resonance energy transfer<br/>; Title: Fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy
Inhibition of Interleukin-17A, But Not Interleukin-17F, Signaling Lowers Blood Pressure, and Reduces End-Organ Inflammation in Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension (2016)

Monoclonal antibodies to IL-17A or IL-17RA, but not IL-17F, may be a useful adjunct treatment for hypertension and the associated end-organ dysfunction.
A Method of Color Image Segmentation Based on DPCNN (2008)

A method of color image segmentation is proposed based on double pulse-coupled neural networks (DPCNN) in this paper. First, color quantization is performed on the color images in the HSI color pattern. Then the method uses the result of color quantization as the input of DPCNN to form the initial segmented regions. Finally, the initial regions are merged based on the region distance defined by the color and spatial information. A rule here is given to decide the termination of merging process. The method can segment image edge properly and effective which is shown by the experiment results.
MicroRNAs play a role in spontaneous recovery from acute liver failure (2014)

Our data suggest that miR-122, miR-21, and miR-221 are involved in liver regeneration and might contribute to spontaneous recovery from ALF. Prospective studies will show whether serological detection of those miRNAs might be of prognostic value to predict ALF outcome.
Adjustable Flat Layouts for Two-Failure Tolerant Storage Systems (2019)

Systems suffer component failure at sometimes un-predictable rates. Storage systems are no exception; they add redundancy in order to deal with various types of failures. The additional storage constitutes an important capital and operational cost and needs to be dimensioned appropriately. Unfortunately, storage device failure rates are difficult to predict and change over the lifetime of the system. Large disk-based storage centers provide protection against failure at the level of objects. However, this abstraction makes it difficult to adjust to a batch of devices that fail at a higher than anticipated rate. We propose here a solution that uses large pods of storage devices of the same kind, but that can re-organize in response to an increased number of failures of components seen elsewhere in the system or to an anticipated higher failure rate such as infant mortality or end-of-life fragility. Here, I present ways of organizing user data and parity data that allow us to move from three-failure tolerance to two-tolerance and back. A storage system using disk drives that might be suffering from infant mortality can switch from an initially three-failure-tolerant layout to a two-failure-tolerant one when disks have been burnt in. It gains capacity by shedding failure tolerance that have become unnecessary. A storage system using Flash can sacrifice capacity for reliability as its components have undergone many write-erase cycles and thereby become less reliable. Adjustable reliability is easy to achieve using a standard layout based on RAID Level 6 stripes where it is easy to convert components containing user data to ones containing parity data. Here, we present layouts that unlike the RAID layout use only exclusive-or operations, and do not depend on sophisticated, but power-hungry processors. There main advantage is a noticeable increase in reliability over RAID Level 6.
A lifetime of stress: ATF6 in development and homeostasis (2018)

In conclusion, the review encourages further elucidation of ATF6 regulatory operations during organogenesis and tissue homeostasis, to spawn the development of ATF6-targeted therapeutic strategies.
Sympathetic Neural Activation in Nondiabetic Metabolic Syndrome and Its Further Augmentation by Hypertension (2004)

Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor in the metabolic syndrome (MS) in which the presence of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, abnormal lipoprotein metabolism, and central obesity all confer an increased risk. Because essential hypertension (EHT), insulinemia, and visceral fat are associated with sympathetic hyperactivity, which is itself known to increase cardiovascular risk, the aim of this study was to see if MS is a state of sympathetic nerve hyperactivity and if the additional presence of EHT intensifies this hyperactivity. In 69 closely matched subjects, comprising hypertensive MS (MS+EHT, 18), normotensive MS (MS-EHT, 17), hypertensives without MS (EHT, 16), and normotensive controls without MS (NC, 18), we measured resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) as assessed from multiunit discharges and from single units with defined vasoconstrictor properties (s-MSNA). The s-MSNA in MS+EHT (76+/-3.1 impulses/100 beats) was greater (at least P<0.01) than in MS-EHT (62+/-3.2 impulses/100 beats) and in EHT (60+/-2.3 impulses/100 beats), and all these were significantly greater (at least P<0.01) than in NC (46+/-2.7 impulse/100 beats). The multi-unit MSNA followed a similar trend. These findings suggest that MS is a state of sympathetic nerve hyperactivity and that the additional presence of hypertension further intensifies this hyperactivity. The degree of sympathetic hyperactivity seen in this study could be argued at least partly to contribute to the higher cardiovascular risk and metabolic abnormalities seen in MS+EHT patients.
Design and Field Application of Chemical Gels for Water Control in Oil Wells Producing From Naturally Fractured Carbonated Reservoirs (1989)

ABSTRACT During primary production life of naturally fractured reservoirs with active bottom water drive, the water-oil ratio may increase rapidly. To overcome this problem which is common in oilfields in southeastern Turkey; a project covering utilization of two different chemical gels (polyacrylamide-chromium gel and silica gel) was performed by Turkish Petroleum Corp. (TPAO) in 1987. This paper reviews laboratory studies, design and field application of the treatments and the results obtained from ten wells. Although in some of the wells no increase in net oil production was observed, some treatments have resulted in significant additional oil recovery.
In vivo modulation of macrophage tumoricidal activity by oral administration of the liposome-encapsulated macrophage activator CGP 19835A. (1994)

The present study evaluated the in vivo biological activity of synthetic muramyl tripeptide, CGP 19835A, when encapsulated into phosphatidylcholine liposomes (POPC-19835A) and administered as an p.o. immunomodulator to BALB/c mice. Liposomes were rapidly absorbed in the intestine and reached the systemic circulation within 4 h. Alveolar macrophages harvested from the lungs of mice 24 h after a single p.o. feeding of POPC-19835A were tumoricidal toward syngeneic murine renal cell carcinoma target cells. Repeated daily feedings with POPC-19835A generated sustained activation of the alveolar macrophages. Activation of peritoneal macrophages to the tumoricidal state required at least three daily feedings of POPC-19835A. In vitro studies demonstrated the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 by macrophages activated by POPC-19835A in the presence of gamma-interferon. Interleukin 1 and nitric oxide were not induced in macrophages by this liposomal preparation. Daily administration of POPC-19835A after i.v. injection of renal cell carcinoma tumor in BALB/c mice inhibited the development of experimental lung metastasis and confirmed the potential role of long-term therapy with this new p.o. immunomodulator.
Combined spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system (2009)

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) and optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) are two reflectancebased imaging technologies that may be utilized for high-resolution microscopic screening of internal organs. SECM provides en face images of tissues with a high lateral resolution of 1-2 μm, and a penetration depth of up to 300 μm. OFDI generates cross-sectional images of tissue architecture with a resolution of 10-20 μm and a penetration depth of 1- 2 mm. Since the two technologies yield complementary microscopic information on two different size scales (SECM-cellular and OFDI-architectural) that are commonly used for histopathologic evaluation, their combination may allow for more accurate optical diagnosis. Here, we report the integration of these two imaging modalities in a single bench top system. SECM images of swine small intestine showed the presence of goblet cells, and OFDI images revealed the finger-shaped villous architecture. In clinical study of 9 gastroesophageal biopsies from 8 patients, a diverse set of architectural and cellular features was observed, including squamous mucosa with mild hyperplasia and gastric antral mucosa with gastric pits and crypts. The capability of this multimodality device to enable the visualization of microscopic features on these two size scales supports our hypothesis that improved diagnostic accuracy may be obtained by merging these two technologies into a single instrument.
Innovative treatments for (2001)

Lung cancer remains the most frequent and most lethal cancer worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises the vast majority of the histological types. Surgery remains the standard therapy for early stage disease but for advanced stage disease, modern treatment is unsatisfactory. However, during the past ten years, improvements in response and survival have been seen with the use of newer chemotherapy regimens. Early studies of neo-adjuvant (pre-operative) chemotherapy for resectable stage III patients have shown promising results. For patients with non-resectable NSCLC platinum-based doublets are now established as first-line treatment, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy. Innovative non-platinum based combinations are actively being evaluated. The most promising non-platinum agents at this time include gemcitabine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan and vinorelbine. These agents appear to be effective as single agents and in combinations and also have improved toxicity profiles. Several other systemic approaches are under active evaluation; the most promising areas include anti-angiogenesis agents, immunotoxins, interleukins, vaccines and molecular therapy.
Nonlinear Collapse of Offshore Jacket Structures (1994)

The Joint Industry Tubular Frames Project was established with ten oil industry sponsors to investigate the reserve and residual strength of frames typical of offshore structures. To date ten large scale frame tests have been undertaken on what are thought to be the largest specimens loaded to collapse in a controlled manner. Both member and tubular joint failures have been exhibited and the mechanisms of load redistribution at progressive collapse have been examined. In parallel with the experimental programme, software has been developed and calibrated against the test results. An adaptive method has been used so that the structural model subdivides only introducing plasticity and mesh refinement when and where it is required. This leads to the efficient solution of complex nonlinear problems without placing reliance on the user to predict where plasticity will occur. The software is now being applied to the collapse analysis of jacket structures for requalification. Data from the first phase of the Frames Project were released from confidentiality in 1993, having first been used by other organisations to validate nonlinear software in a series of 'blind' benchmarking exercises commissioned by the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE). This paper presents the findings and lessons learned through the Frames Project. Comprehensive background can be found in a major review on the reserve strength of structures recently completed by Billington Osborne-Moss Engineering Limited for the HSE.
NASA Space Sciences Strategic Planning (2004)

The purpose of strategic planning roadmap is to:Fulfill the strategic planning requirements; Provide a guide to the science community in presenting research requests to NASA; Inform and inspire; Focus investments in technology and research for future missions; and Provide the scientific and technical justification for augmentation requests.
Stimulation of Fetal Hypothalamus Induces Uterine Contractions in Pregnant Rats at Term1 (2008)

The fetal brain is thought to have a role in the onset and progression of labor. Evidence also exists for fetal oxytocin release just before and during parturition. The present study examined whether activation of the fetal brain could induce uterine myometrial contractions through oxytocin receptors in the dam. Under urethane anesthesia, electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus of fetal rats that were still connected with the dams by an intact umbilical cord induced uterine contractions in term pregnant rats. Intraperitoneal injections of synthetic oxytocin in fetuses induced uterine contractions in the dams similar to those induced by electrical stimulation of the fetal hypothalamus. Maternal intravenous injections of an oxytocin antagonist immediately attenuated uterine contractions induced by fetal oxytocin injections and electrical stimulation of the fetal hypothalamus. These findings suggest the possibility that oxytocin released from the fetal hypothalamus is involved in parturition.
Enhancement of the ΔpH‐dependent dissipation of excitation energy in spinach chloroplasts by light‐activation: correlation with the synthesis of zeaxanthin (1989)

The extent of energy‐dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in broken spinach chloroplasts has been quantitatively related to the size of the thylakoid proton gradient as measured by the quenching of 9‐aminoacridine fluorescence by titration at constant irradiance with the uncoupler nigericin or by change in irradiance. It was found that chloroplasts prepared from leaves that had been pre‐illuminated with strong light for 30 min showed energy‐dependent quenching at a lower proton gradient than chloroplasts prepared from dark‐adapted leaves. Measurement of the carotenoid composition of the thylakoids showed that light treatment raised the ratio of zeaxanthin: violaxanthin. The possible dependence of energy‐dependent quenching on xanthophyll composition and the physiological implications of this light‐activation process to the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport are discussed.