gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Twin Multicore Fiber Interferometers for Precision Sensing (2019)

Multicore fiber (MCF) sensors is an emerging research field. MCFs provide new alternatives for the development of innovative sensing devices whose performance cannot be achieved with conventional optical fibers. In general, MCFs have diameters similar to that of a standard single mode fiber (SMF) and have multiple individual cores sharing a common cladding. So far, a number of sensors based on MCF have been reported. Our group, for example, has reported different sensors based on single MCF interferometers that consist of a piece of MCF spliced to SMF [1,2]. One key issue of such sensors is the difficulty of discriminating the target parameter (measurand) from unwanted external perturbations that may be present during the use of the sensor. To address this issue, here, we introduce an innovative architecture that consists of two identical (twin) MCF interferometers in series that are interrogated in reflection mode, see Fig. 1. Our architecture has important advantages. As there are two MCF interferometers, one can be used as a reference or filter and the other as a sensor [3]. The signal of our twin MCF interferometers is the multiplication of individual reflection spectra. Consequently, their reflection exhibits a single narrow peak whose position in wavelength is easy to track. We have observed that periodic bending (vibrations) in one them resulted in prominent shifts in the reflection spectrum.
A Biochemical Phenotype for a Disease Resistance Gene of Maize. (1992)

In maize, major resistance to the pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus (Helminthosporium) carbonum race 1 is determined by the dominant allele of the nuclear locus hm. The interaction between C. carbonum race 1 and maize is mediated by a pathogen-produced, low molecular weight compound called HC-toxin. We recently described an enzyme from maize, called HC-toxin reductase, that inactivates HC-toxin by pyridine nucleotide-dependent reduction of an essential carbonyl group. We now report that this enzyme activity is detectable only in extracts of maize that are resistant to C. carbonum race 1 (genotype Hm/Hm or Hm/hm). In several genetic analyses, in vitro HC-toxin reductase activity was without exception associated with resistance to C. carbonum race 1. The results indicate that detoxification of HC-toxin is the biochemical basis of Hm-specific resistance of maize to infection by C. carbonum race 1.
On a class of organic superconductors: A summary of findings (1976)

It was found experimentally that six compounds of the homologous cholates and their acids exhibit a new kind of superconductivity not hitherto seen in the superconducting metals or alloys. This superconductivity is manifested in a two-phase state, with the superconducting state occurring in small randomly dispersed domains side by side with the bulk insulating state in which the superconducting domains are sparsely dispersed. The transition temperature of these compounds ranged from 7.5 K for the sodium dioxycholate to 277 K for the sodium cholanate.
Location Disambiguation in Local Searches Using Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (Industrial Paper) (2010)

search is a specialization of the web search that allows users to submit geographically constrained queries. However, one of the challenges for local search engines is to uniquely understand and locate the geographical intent of the query. Geographical constraints (or location references) in a local search are often incomplete and thereby suffer from the referent ambiguity problem where the same location name can mean several different possibilities. For instance, just the term Springfield by itself can refer to 30 different cities in the USA. Previous approaches to location disambiguation have generally been hand compiled heuristic models. In this paper, we examine a data-driven, machine learning approach to location disambiguation. Essentially, we separately train a Gradient Boosted Decision Tree (GBDT) model on thousands of desktop and mobile-based local searches and compare the performance to one of our previous heuristic based location disambiguation system (HLDS). The GBDT based approach shows promising results with statistically significant improvements over the HLDS approach. The error rate reduction is about 9% and 22% for the desktop-based and the mobile-based local searches respectively. Additionally, we examine the relative influence of various geographic and non- geographic features that help with the location disambiguation task. It is interesting to note that while the distance between the user and the intended location has been considered as an important variable, the relative influence of distance is secondary to the popularity of the location in the GBDT learnt models.
Modeling and Attitude Control Analysis of a Spherical VTOL Aerial Vehicle (2013)

The aim of this paper is to present a con guration for a multi-functional spherical robotic vehicle designed for search and rescue purposes, which combines the advantages of hover, level ight, and ground mobility. The spherical frame allows the vehicle to encounter an object without the risk of damaging the propeller and onboard components, and can land anywhere without the need of coordinated landing maneuverability. Called the Unmanned Flying and Rolling Orb (UFRO), the Japan Flying Sphere (JFS) developed by the Technical Research and Development Institute (TRDI) of Japan is used as the template for the preliminary design. The current prototype consists of a single propeller and eight control vanes enclosed in a reinforced spherical frame. A detailed dynamic model is established using the Newton-Euler formulation and linearized to estimate the attitude for hovering ight in trim conditions. Successful attitude stability during takeo and maintaining hover-mode ight is demonstrated using a COTS PID controller.
Photoelectrical imaging and coherent spin-state readout of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2019)

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have become an important instrument for quantum sensing and quantum information science. However, the readout of NV spin state requires bulky optical setups, limiting fabrication of miniaturized compact devices for practical use. Here we realized photoelectrical detection of magnetic resonance as well as Rabi oscillations on a single-defect level. Furthermore, photoelectrical imaging of individual NV centers at room temperature was demonstrated, surpassing conventional optical readout methods by providing high imaging contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. These results pave the way toward fully integrated quantum diamond devices.
Design of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Trials in the Era of Approved Therapies (2019)

The approval of nintedanib and pirfenidone for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has introduced complexity into the design of clinical trials for new drugs on many levels. Placebo-controlled trials excluding background therapy may have issues with feasibility. Those that allow background therapy must consider the possibility of drug-drug interactions with existing therapies, as well as the narrower therapeutic window available to demonstrate incremental slowing of lung function decline with a new agent. While many trial participants will already be on background therapy, a significant number will not, complicating the study design and analysis. Various approaches to improve the efficiency of IPF clinical trials include attempts to validate new endpoints and biomarkers that reflect functional status or quality of life as well as the use of pragmatic and adaptive trial designs.
A current-mode analog multiplier based on translinear principle (2002)

A novel current-mode analog multiplier based on translinear principle is presented. The input and output signals are all in current-mode. The circuit has favorable precision, wide dynamic range and is insensitive to variations in temperature and processing. It is suitable for VLSI implementation and can be used in many hardware design fields such as fuzzy logic controllers and analog neural networks.
Three-Dimensional Steerable Magnetic Field (3DSMF)Sensor System for Classification of Buried Metal Targets (2006)

Abstract : Most EMI sensors do not take advantage of all the available information that is inherent in the metal target response. The sensors tend to measure only a single dimension of a target response or, in the case of a spatially scanned target, try to infer a multi dimensional response. Experimental EMI sensors that do attempt to generate a 3D magnetic field and measure a 3D target response do so with magnetic field antennas that have fixed and complex spatial magnetic field distributions With a conventional pulsed EMI metal detector, a current loop transmitter is placed in the vicinity of the buried metal target, and steady current flows in the transmitter for a sufficiently long time to allow the turn-on transients in the soil to dissipate. The transmitter loop current is then turned off. According to Faraday's Law, the collapsing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (emf) in nearby conductors, such as the metal target. This emf causes eddy currents to flow in the conductor. Because there is no energy to sustain the eddy currents, they begin to decrease with a characteristic decay time that depends on the size, shape, and electrical and magnetic properties of the conductor. The decay currents generate a secondary magnetic field that is detected by a magnetic field receiver located above the ground and coupled to the transmitter via a data acquisition and control system. The direction of the magnetic field and the field strength generated by a conventional loop EMI metal detector are a complex function of the distance of the antenna to the target. As the antenna is moved over the target, data are collected from different antenna-target aspect angles. An automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithm attempts to combine the measured time or frequency signature from the target with the spatial data to perform target classification.
Optical Matrix-Vector Multiplication Using Floating-Point Arithmetic (1985)

In the areas of signal, image, and information processing, more and more emphasis is being placed on parallel processing techniques for solving todays problems in real-time. Optics with its inherent parallelism has succesfully demonstrated its power in performing Fourier transforms, convolutions, and correlations. More recently, interest in performing matrix algebra optically is evident based on the proliferation of articles appearing in print in this field. However, if optical processing is to ever have a real impact on general matrix computation, then it will be necessary to generalise present, concepts to handle floating-point arithmetic as well.
Bis-benzylidine Piperidone RA190 treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma via binding RPN13 and inhibiting NF-κB signaling (2020)

RA190 has therapeutic activity in a xenograft model, and with sorafenib exhibited synergetic killing of HCC cells in vitro, suggesting further exploration of such a combination treatment of HCC is warranted.
A silicon nitride microphone diaphragm inspired by the ears of the parasitoid fly <i>Ormia ochracea</i> (2001)

A differential microphone is described that has been designed to employ similar operating principles to that of the ears of the parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. The ears of this fly have been shown to be highly directional even though they are only about 1 mm across [R. N. Miles, D. Robert, and R. R. Hoy, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 3059–3070 (1995)]. Analyses of the mechanics of this biological system suggest novel approaches to the design of miniature directional microphones. Finite element analysis results for the acoustic resonse of a 1 mm by 2 mm silicon nitride microphone diaphragm are presented. The diaphragm responds to pressure gradients in a manner that is inspired by Ormia’s ears. Predicted results for the natural frequencies, mode shapes, frequency response and directivity of our design are shown to compare closely with measured data obtained for a prototype silicon nitride diaphragm. [Work supported by NIH and DARPA.]
Patient specific ankle-foot orthoses using rapid prototyping (2011)

Background: Prefabricated orthotic devices are currently designed to fit a range of patients and therefore they do not provide individualized comfort and function. Custom-fit orthoses are superior to prefabricated orthotic devices from both of the above-mentioned standpoints. However, creating a custom-fit orthosis is a laborious and time-intensive manual process performed by skilled orthotists. Besides, adjustments made to both prefabricated and custom-fit orthoses are carried out in a qualitative manner. So both comfort and function can potentially suffer considerably. A computerized technique for fabricating patient-specific orthotic devices has the potential to provide excellent comfort and allow for changes in the standard design to meet the specific needs of each patient. Methods: In this paper, 3D laser scanning is combined with rapid prototyping to create patient-specific orthoses. A novel process was engineered to utilize patient-specific surface data of the patient anatomy as a digital input, manipulate the surface data to an optimal form using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, and then download the digital output from the CAD software to a rapid prototyping machine for fabrication. Results: Two AFOs were rapidly prototyped to demonstrate the proposed process. Gait analysis data of a subject wearing the AFOs indicated that the rapid prototyped AFOs performed comparably to the prefabricated polypropylene design. Conclusions: The rapidly prototyped orthoses fabricated in this study provided good fit of the subject's anatomy compared to a prefabricated AFO while delivering comparable function (i.e. mechanical effect on the biomechanics of gait). The rapid fabrication capability is of interest because it has potential for decreasing fabrication time and cost especially when a replacement of the orthosis is required.
New synthetic approaches to 3‐carhoxamides of 4‐hydroxy‐2<i>H</i>‐1,2‐benzothiazine 1,1‐dioxide (1976)

Abstract Two new synthetic approaches to the title compounds are reported. In the first of these, starting with N ‐carbobenzyloxysarcosine, four synthetic steps are employed to finally assemble the C 3 C 4 bond of the 1,2‐benzothiazine ring. In the second approach, an enol ether is employed as a protecting group to allow formation of the 3‐carboxamide function, which is followed by cleavage of the ether function to yield the desired 4‐hydroxy‐1,2‐benzothiazine‐3‐carboxamide 1,1‐dioxide.
Influences of Target Configurations on the Working Performances of Laser Triggered Vacuum Switch (2018)

Laser triggered vacuum switch (LTVS) is one of the pulsed power switches with superior working performances compared to the other triggered switches. Previous works about LTVS illustrated that the time-delay characteristics and working life of the switch are affected by its target apparently. However, except for the influences from various physicochemical properties of target materials, there are also influences from the target configurations. And the effects of target configurations on delay time mainly involve target structures. To study the influences of different target structures on the delay time of LTVS, the electric field distribution of vacuum gaps with different target structures, including cylindrical type, conical type, and hemispherical type, are simulated. Then the test prototypes of LTVS with above three type targets are established with the detachable vacuum chamber. Effects of target configurations on the time-delay characteristics of LTVS are tested under different operating voltage and laser energy; impacts of arc ablation on the targets are also compared. The tested results suggest that, LTVS adopted conical type target shows the best time-delay characteristics compared to the other two targets, as its delay time can be controlled within 17ns and jitter within 2ns. And the targets ought to be placed at proper distance beneath the electrode to avoid the arc ablation.
Antigen receptor-triggered secretion of a trypsin-type esterase from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1987)

Exocytosis of cytolysin-containing granules from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was studied with the use of granule enzyme (BLT esterase) as a convenient biochemical marker. Using cloned CTL, we demonstrate here that BLT esterase secretion into the supernatant is specifically triggered by antigen-bearing target cells and that this secretion is inhibited by soluble monoclonal antibodies against the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TcR). Immobilized anti-receptor antibodies induced efficient enzyme secretion in the absence of target cells, thus implying a direct involvement of TcR complex in triggering exocytosis of granules. These results support the role of the granule exocytosis in CTL functions and provide a quantitative and direct assay of a rapid CTL functional response to antigenic stimulation.
A Novel Shoulder Exoskeleton Robot Using Parallel Actuation and a Passive Slip Interface (2016)

This paper presents a five degrees-of-freedom (DoF) low inertia shoulder exoskeleton. This device is comprised of two novel technologies. The first is 3DoF spherical parallel manipulator (SPM), which was developed using a new method of parallel manipulator design. This method involves mechanically coupling certain DoF of each independently actuated linkage of the parallel manipulator in order to constrain the kinematics of the entire system. The second is a 2DoF passive slip interface used to couple the user upper arm to the SPM. This slip interface increases system mobility and prevents joint misalignment caused by the translational motion of the user's glenohumeral joint from introducing mechanical interference. An experiment to validate the kinematics of the SPM was performed using motion capture. The results of this experiment validated the SPM's forward and inverse kinematic solutions through an Euler angle comparison of the actual and command orientations. A computational slip model was created to quantify the passive slip interface response for different conditions of joint misalignment. In addition to offering a low inertia solution for the rehabilitation or augmentation of the human shoulder, this device demonstrates a new method of motion coupling, which can be used to impose kinematic constraints on a wide variety of parallel architectures. Furthermore, the presented device demonstrates a passive slip interface that can be used with either parallel or serial robotic systems.
Chicken pineal clock genes: implication of BMAL2 as a bidirectional regulator in circadian clock oscillation (2001)

The functional characterization of the chicken pineal clock molecules supports the key roles of BMAL1, BMAL2 and CLOCK which contribute to the E-box-dependent transcriptional regulation in the circadian clock system.
Biemamides A–E, Inhibitors of the TGF-β Pathway That Block the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (2018)

Screening of a marine natural products library for inhibitors of TGF-β revealed five pyrimidinedione derivatives, biemamides A-E (1-5). The structures were determined by 2D NMR and HRMS experiments; absolute configurations were established by advanced Marfey's analysis and ECD calculations. Biemamides A-E specifically inhibited in vitro TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in NMuMG cells. Additionally, using Caenorhabditis elegans, selected biemmamides were found to influence in vivo developmental processes related to body size regulation in a dose-dependent manner.
p53 Mutation and MDM2 amplification in human soft tissue sarcomas. (1993)

The p53 and MDM2 genes were analyzed in 24 human soft tissue sarcomas (11 malignant fibrous histiocytomas and 13 liposarcomas). Alterations of p53, consisting of point mutations, deletions, or overexpression, were detected in one-third (8 of 24) of the sarcomas. MDM2 gene amplification was detected in another 8 tumors, but no tumor contained an alteration of both genes. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the human MDM2 gene product were developed, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed nuclear localization and overexpression of MDM2 in those tumors with amplified MDM2 genes. These data support the hypothesis that p53 and MDM2 genetic alterations are alternative mechanisms for inactivating the same regulatory pathway for suppressing cell growth.
An HIV-1-infected T cell clone defective in IL-2 production and Ca2+ mobilization after CD3 stimulation (1991)

A chronically HIV-1-infected T cell clone (J1.1) derived from Jurkat cells was developed that possesses defects in CD3 signaling. This clone was phenotypically determined to be CD4- and express a reduced surface density of CD3 as compared with a pool of uninfected Jurkat clones. Although J1.1 could be induced with TNF-alpha to produce HIV-1 particles, stimulation via the CD3 (T3-Ti) complex, using mAb cross-linking, had no effect on viral production. Further investigation revealed that J1.1 secreted approximately 20-fold less IL-2 than did uninfected Jurkat cells after anti-CD3 treatment. In addition, a separate defect in Ca2+ mobilization was noted in the HIV-1-infected J1.1 line when compared with uninfected Jurkat cells after anti-CD3 cross-linking. The cell line described offers a new model in which to study the mechanisms of several defects directly imposed by HIV-1 on CD3+ cells.
Nucleic Acid (Patent US 2009/0019559 A1) (2009)

The invention relates to nucleic acid derived from Perkinsus marinus which encodes a 9-elongase, a Delta8-desaturase and a Delta5-desaturase enzyme. All of the coding sequences can be transcribed as a single transcript.
The molecular genetics of Huntingtonʼs disease (1994)

The past year has witnessed outstanding developments in research on Huntington's disease (HD). A gene was identified that contains an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat on HD chromosomes. Patterns of expression of this gene and the nature of two transcripts were identified. CAG repeat size ranges between 36 and 121 in affected persons, and it is highly sensitive and specific marker for HD. A correlation between CAG repeat size and the age of onset of HD was demonstrated. Identification of this mutation has facilitated direct approaches to predictive testing for HD. The new mutation rate, previously deemed to be exceedingly rare, is now shown to be responsible for up to 3% of affected persons. Although the mechanism by which CAG repeat length induces neuronal death is not known, there is evidence that the pathogenesis involves a gain of function in the HD gene.
Wavelength-dependent optimum output coupling enhances performance of external-cavity-tuned semiconductor lasers at 1.5 μm (1996)

The output power of an external-cavity-tuned laser has been significantly increased by using an output coupler with a wavelength-dependent reflectivity. Our algorithm for determining the optimum wavelength dependence uses a simple gain model, and all necessary parameters can be determined from measurements of the same actual gain medium that will be used in the tunable laser source. This approach also increases tuning range.
A Domain Adaptation Regularization for Denoising Autoencoders (2016)

Finding domain invariant features is critical for successful domain adaptation and transfer learning. However, in the case of unsupervised adaptation, there is a significant risk of overfitting on source training data. Recently, a regularization for domain adaptation was proposed for deep models by (Ganin and Lempitsky, 2015). We build on their work by suggesting a more appropriate regularization for denoising autoencoders. Our model remains unsupervised and can be computed in a closed form. On standard text classification adaptation tasks, our approach yields the state of the art results, with an important reduction of the learning cost.