gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithography-free Nanoscale Patterned Growth of GaAs on Si(001) with Sub-100-nm Silica Nanoparticles by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2011)

Lithography-free, nanoscale patterned, molecular beam epitaxial growth of GaAs on Si is demonstrated on a Si(001) substrate coated with a dense, single-particle-high, stack of ∼80-nm-diameter silica nanoparticles (NPs). The NP stack plays the role of a high aspect ratio, deep sub-100 nm opening area SiO2 pattern which is small enough for nanoscale patterned growth of large lattice-mismatched heterostructures. The GaAs, selectively grown through the interparticle spaces, proceeds over the NP stack initially with island formation and ultimately buries the NP stack by epitaxial lateral overgrowth and coalescence. X-ray diffraction confirms that the GaAs grown over the NP stack has highly improved crystallinity as compared with a reference growth on unpatterned Si. This is explained by necking of the defects propagating along {111} by the small opening, high aspect ratio characteristic of the NP stack.
GaN thin films by growth on Ga-rich GaN buffer layers (2000)

The influence of the composition of the low-temperature GaN buffer layer on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the subsequently grown GaN epilayer by molecular-beam epitaxy is investigated. It is found that decreasing the N/Ga flux ratio during the buffer layer growth yields excess Ga in the buffer layer. GaN epilayers grown on the buffer layer with excess Ga showed increased electron Hall mobility and reduced threading dislocation density. The tilt and twist disorders of the epilayer were also significantly reduced. The compressive stress in the epilayers at room temperature increased as the N/Ga flux ratio during the buffer layer growth was reduced. The improved properties of the epilayers are explained by the hypothesis that excess Ga in the buffer layer facilitates stress relaxation at the epilayer growth temperature.
Can GPGPU Programming Be Liberated from the Data-Parallel Bottleneck? (2012)

With the growth in transistor counts in modern hardware, heterogeneous systems are becoming commonplace. Core counts are increasing such that GPU and CPU designs are reaching deep into the tens of cores. For performance reasons, different cores in a heterogeneous platform follow different design choices. Based on throughput computing goals, GPU cores tend to support wide vectors and substantial register files. Current designs optimize CPU cores for latency, dedicating logic to caches and out-of-order dependence control. Heterogeneous parallel primitives (HPP) addresses two major shortcomings in current GPGPU programming models: it supports full composability by defining abstractions and increases flexibility in execution by introducing braided parallelism. Heterogeneous parallel primitives is an object-oriented, C++11-based programming model that addresses these shortcomings on both CPUs and massively multithreaded GPUs: it supports full composability by defining abstractions using distributed arrays and barrier objects, and it increases flexibility in execution by introducing braided parallelism. This paper implemented a feature-complete version of HPP, including all syntactic constructs, that runs on top of a task-parallel runtime executing on the CPU. They continue to develop and improve the model, including reducing overhead due to channel management, and plan to make a public version available sometime in the future.
Undersea laser communication using polarization and wavelength modulation (2014)

We report a technique to increase the data rate of a free-space all-undersea laser communication link using polarization and wavelength modulation. Measurements were made at various background light levels to estimate the required power increase as a function of bits per pulse. Transmission measurements were made of laser light through a 2-m-long tube filled with a mixture of Maalox and water to simulate ocean-water conditions for several receiver field-of-view (FOV) angles. A degree of polarization greater than 98% was measured at FOVs up to 100 mrad at an attenuation of 14 extinction lengths.
Multiphase backing materials for piezoelectric broadband transducers (1984)

A multiphase, high-impedance damper to be used as a backing material for broadband piezoelectric transducers is described. The use of three or more phases, including a high-impedance alloy matrix, allows dampers to be made reproducibly which have acoustical impedances in the range of 20–45×105 g/(cm2⋅s). A simple model based upon the elastic properties of the constituents is described which was developed to predict the impedance of multiphase mixtures. This model was experimentally verified for two- and three-phase mixtures. Using this model a combination of tungsten, copper, and an indium–lead alloy was chosen as an optimum transducer backing. A backing made from these constituents was pressed onto a 10-MHz, PZT-5A blank, and the results of the pulse–echo response are presented.
Application of quantitative immunofluorescence to clinical serology: antibody levels of Toxoplasma gondii (1989)

Methods currently used for immunofluorescent reagent standardization require subjective visual comparison of reagents with control materials. Reactivities of reagents in immunofluorescence test kits vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. To solve these problems, a quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) method which uses a calibrated photometric system and incorporates reducing agents into the mounting medium to reduce fading was developed to replace the visual method of endpoint determination. A uranyl glass slide was used to calibrate the instrument's voltage measurements, permitting daily comparisons and measurement of the instrument reading fluctuations. The QIF method was initially tailored to the determination of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by measuring the fluorescence intensity of individual tagged organisms. The nonspecific fluorescence intensity resulting from the counterstain was eliminated by use of a red-suppressing filter. The dilution-correlated polar fluorescence component was removed by subtraction of the intensity for the matching negative control dilution from each sample dilution intensity. The QIF method showed a 94% correlation with the visual comparison method for 62 clinical specimens.
Motion Retargeting and Control for Teleoperated Physical Human-Robot Interaction (2019)

In this paper, we present motion retargeting and control algorithms for teleoperated physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). We employ unilateral teleoperation in which a sensor-equipped operator interacts with a static object such as a mannequin to provide the motion and force references. The controller takes the references as well as current robot states and contact forces as input, and outputs the joint torques to track the operator's contact forces while preserving the expression and style of the motion. We develop a hierarchical optimization scheme combined with a motion retargeting algorithm that resolves the discrepancy between the contact states of the operator and robot due to different kinematic parameters and body shapes. We demonstrate the controller performance on a dual-arm robot with soft skin and contact force sensors using pre-recorded human demonstrations of hugging.
Parallel computation of skyline and reverse skyline queries using mapreduce (2013)

The skyline operator and its variants such as dynamic skyline and reverse skyline operators have attracted considerable attention recently due to their broad applications. However, computations of such operators are challenging today since there is an increasing trend of applications to deal with big data. For such data-intensive applications, the MapReduce framework has been widely used recently. In this paper, we propose efficient parallel algorithms for processing the skyline and its variants using MapReduce. We first build histograms to effectively prune out nonskyline (non-reverse skyline) points in advance. We next partition data based on the regions divided by the histograms and compute candidate (reverse) skyline points for each region independently using MapReduce. Finally, we check whether each candidate point is actually a (reverse) skyline point in every region independently. Our performance study confirms the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed algorithms.
Enhanced Ion Utilization Efficiency Using an Electrodynamic Ion Funnel Trap as an Injection Mechanism for Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2008)

Conventional ion mobility spectrometers that sample ion packets from continuous sources have traditionally been constrained by an inherently low duty cycle. As such, ion utilization efficiencies have been limited to <1% in order to maintain instrumental resolving power. Using a modified electrodynamic ion funnel, we demonstrated the ability to accumulate, store, and eject ions in conjunction with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which elevated the charge density of the ion packets ejected from the ion funnel trap (IFT) and provided a considerable increase in the overall ion utilization efficiency of the IMS instrument. A 7-fold increase in signal intensity was revealed by comparing continuous ion beam current with the amplitude of the pulsed ion current in IFT-IMS experiments using a Faraday plate. Additionally, we describe the IFT operating characteristics using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer attached to the IMS drift tube.
18.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Eco‐Display ‐ An LCD‐TV Powered by a Battery? (2009)

Abstract Color break‐up (CBU) is a lethal issue of a high light efficiency field‐sequential‐color (FSC) LCD. Applying local color‐backlight‐dimming technology to FSC‐LCDs, we demonstrated “Stencil‐FSC” methods with a field rate as low as 120Hz to render a high luminance “multi‐color” image on the first‐field and effectively suppress CBU at the same time. In addition, the color filterless LCD with an intelligent LED backlight and even non‐polarized LC cell, optical thruput can increase by a factor of 10, yet with lower material cost/count for an Eco‐Display.
Glucagonlike Peptide I (7–37) Actions on Endocrine Pancreas (1989)

Glucagonlike peptide I (7-37) [GLP-I-(7-37)], encoded with glucagon and glucagonlike peptide II and intervening peptide II in the rat and human glucagon gene, is processed from proglucagon in both pancreas and intestine and is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion. Unequivocal insulin release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas is elicited by a 10(-11) M concentration of this peptide, and a weak response is found at 10(-12) M. We found that GLP-I-(7-37) is approximately 100 times more potent than glucagon in the stimulation of insulin secretion. Insulin release in response to GLP-I-(7-37) is highly dependent on the ambient glucose concentration; no response is detectable at a glucose concentration of 2.8 mM, and at 6.6 and 16.7 mM, insulin release is augmented by 4.7 and 22.8 ng/ml, respectively. The pattern of insulin secretion stimulated by GLP-I-(7-37) is biphasic, with an initial spike followed by a plateau of sustained release. The effects on insulin release of GLP-I-(7-36) amide, a GLP-I analogue, and GLP-I-(7-37) at concentrations of 10(-11) M were indistinguishable. We also found that GLP-I-(7-37) at 10(-9) M does not influence glucagon secretion and that glucagonlike peptide II and the intervening peptide II, two other peptides encoded by the glucagon gene, have no detectable effects on insulin secretion.
Invariant and perceptually consistent texture mapping for content-based image retrieval (2002)

Texture is an important visual feature for content-based image retrieval. An ideal content-based retrieval system should compare images in its database with the query in a manner that is consistent with human's perception of visual similarity. Moreover, texture matching should be invariant to texture scale and orientation because the same texture can appear in the images in varying scales and orientations. In practice, however, texture similarity computed using computational texture features is not necessarily consistent with human's perception. This paper presents a method of mapping texture features into a texture space that is scale and orientation invariant, and at the same time, consistent with human's perception. Test results show that this method achieves a better retrieval performance than methods that are not invariant and not perceptually consistent.
Photonic-Enabled RF Canceller for Wideband In-Band Full-Duplex Wireless Systems (2019)

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) wireless systems offer the ability to revolutionize frequency spectrum utilization for future networks. This is only possible if the self-interference generated by each wireless node is sufficiently mitigated, and becomes more challenging as the bandwidth increases. RF cancellation is one of the critical components that enables this interference reduction, but has previously been limited to narrowband operation or restricted to distinctive environments. This paper presents a novel RF canceller that utilizes photonic components to create a wideband vector modulator architecture with tunable time-delay taps. A prototype system with 20 canceller taps has been demonstrated to provide 25 and 20 dB of cancellation over 500-MHz and 1-GHz instantaneous bandwidths, respectively, and is tunable between 0.5 and 5.5 GHz. This unique photonic-enabled RF canceller design provides a path forward to achieve the wideband operation and high tap counts that will be required to successfully deploy future wireless systems with IBFD technology.
Protection and fundamental vulnerability of GNSS (2008)

An increasing number of mobile applications and services require that devices are aware of their location. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are the predominant enabling technology. But location information provided by commercial GNSS is not secure, unlike what is the usual assumption. There are only few exceptions in the literature that present GNSS vulnerabilities. In this paper, we contribute the first detailed quantitative analysis of attacks against GNSS-based localization. We show how replay attacks against GNSS can have a significant impact: even against cryptographically secured GNSS instantiations, an adversary can manipulate the location and time calculated by victim GNSS receivers. We explain in detail how such attacks can be mounted, measure their impact, and discuss the effectiveness of possible countermeasures.
Chemical and structural studies provide a mechanistic basis for recognition of the MYC G-quadruplex (2018)

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical DNA structures that frequently occur in the promoter regions of oncogenes, such as MYC, and regulate gene expression. Although G4s are attractive therapeutic targets, ligands capable of discriminating between different G4 structures are rare. Here, we describe DC-34, a small molecule that potently downregulates MYC transcription in cancer cells by a G4-dependent mechanism. Inhibition by DC-34 is significantly greater for MYC than other G4-driven genes. We use chemical, biophysical, biological, and structural studies to demonstrate a molecular rationale for the recognition of the MYC G4. We solve the structure of the MYC G4 in complex with DC-34 by NMR spectroscopy and illustrate specific contacts responsible for affinity and selectivity. Modification of DC-34 reveals features required for G4 affinity, biological activity, and validates the derived NMR structure. This work advances the design of quadruplex-interacting small molecules to control gene expression in therapeutic areas such as cancer.
Measuring error propagation in waveform relaxation algorithms (2002)

An analysis tool is introduced that measures subcircuit coupling and error attenuation in waveform relaxation (WR) circuit simulation algorithms with full dimensionality. Unlike current methods that use heuristics to calculate scalar gains, this method capture all the effects of error attenuation over time and space. An example is provided of how this technique can be used to study the performance of various partitions, schedules, and WR algorithms on a wide range of technologies, including BiCMOS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the Algorithmization of Janashia-Lagvilava Matrix Spectral Factorization Method (2017)

We consider three different ways of algorithmization of the Janashia-Lagvilava spectral factorization method. The first algorithm is faster than the second one, however, it is only suitable for matrices of low dimension. The second algorithm, on the other hand, can be applied to matrices of substantially larger dimension. The third algorithm is a superfast implementation of the method, but only works in the polynomial case under the additional restriction that the zeros of the determinant are not too close to the boundary. All three algorithms fully utilize the advantage of the method, which carries out spectral factorization of leading principal submatrices step-by-step. The corresponding results of numerical simulations are reported in order to describe the characteristic features of each algorithm and compare them to other existing algorithms.
Heparan Sulfate, Including That in Bruch’s Membrane, Inhibits the Complement Alternative Pathway: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2010)

An imbalance between activation and inhibition of the complement system has been implicated in the etiologies of numerous common diseases. Allotypic variants of a key complement fluid-phase regulatory protein, complement factor H (CFH), are strongly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of worldwide visual dysfunction, although its specific role in AMD pathogenesis is still not clear. CFH was isolated from individuals carrying combinations of two of the nonsynonymous coding variants most strongly associated with AMD risk, V62/H402 (risk haplotype variants), I62/Y402 (nonrisk haplotype variants), and V62/Y402. These proteins were used in two functional assays (cell surface- and fluid-phase-based) measuring cofactor activity of CFH in the factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b. Although no variant-specific differences in the cofactor activity were detected, when heparan sulfate (HS) was added to these assays, it accelerated the rate of C3b cleavage, and this effect could be modulated by degree of HS sulfation. Bruch's membrane/choroid, a site of tissue damage in AMD, contains high concentrations of glycosaminoglycans, including HS. Addition of human Bruch's membrane/choroid to the fluid-phase assay accelerated the C3b cleavage, and this effect was lost posttreatment of the tissue with heparinase III. Binding of CFH variants to Bruch's membrane/choroid isolated from elderly, non-AMD donor eyes, was similar, as was the functional activity of bound CFH. These findings refine our understanding of interactions of HS and complement and support the hypothesis that these interactions play a role in the transition between normal aging and AMD in Bruch's membrane/choroid.
Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and tissue water proton relaxation <i>in vivo</i> (1989)

In this study the exchange between 1H magnetization in "free" water (1Hf) and that in a pool with restricted motion (1Hr) was observed in tissues in vivo using NMR saturation transfer methods. Exchange between these two pools was demonstrated by a decrease in the steady-state magnetization and relaxation times of 1Hf with radiofrequency irradiation of 1Hr. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for the movement of magnetization from 1Hf to 1Hr was approximately 1 s-1 in kidney and approximately 3 s-1 in skeletal muscle in vivo. Proton NMR imaging demonstrated that this exchange was tissue specific and generated a novel form of NMR image contrast. The extent of exchange between 1Hf and 1Hr as well as the topological correlation of the exchange with relaxation weighted images suggests that this pathway is a major determinant of the observed relaxation properties of water 1H in vivo.
Plato: A Selective Context Model for Entity Resolution (2015)

We present Plato, a probabilistic model for entity resolution that includes a novel approach for handling noisy or uninformative features, and supplements labeled training data derived from Wikipedia with a very large unlabeled text corpus. Training and inference in the proposed model can easily be distributed across many servers, allowing it to scale to over 10 7 entities. We evaluate Plato on three standard datasets for entity resolution. Our approach achieves the best results to-date on TAC KBP 2011 and is highly competitive on both the CoNLL 2003 and TAC KBP 2012 datasets.
Potent and Selective Inhibition of the Open-Channel Conformation of AMPA Receptors by an RNA Aptamer (2010)

Inhibitors of AMPA receptors are useful as biochemical probes for structure-function studies and as drug candidates for a number of neurological disorders and diseases. Here we report the identification of an RNA inhibitor or aptamer by an in vitro evolution approach. Using a laser-pulse photolysis technique, we further characterized the mechanism of inhibition of this aptamer on the AMPA receptor channel-opening rate process in the microsecond-to-millisecond time domain. Our results show that the aptamer we isolated is a noncompetitive inhibitor that selectively inhibits the open-channel conformation of AMPA receptors with nanomolar affinity. The potency and the selectivity of this noncompetitive aptamer rival those of small molecule inhibitors. Our results therefore demonstrate the utility of this approach in developing water-soluble, highly potent, and conformation-selective noncompetitive inhibitors of AMPA receptors.
Comments, with reply, on "Modeling of planar varactor frequency multiplier devices with blocking barriers" by U. Lieneweg et al (1993)

The commenter reports that he has conducted a series of measurements for determining the effective series resistance, capacitance, and RC time constant of the back-to-back connected diodes, which exhibit behavior of the effective series resistance and capacitance that is somewhat different than assumed in the commenter's thesis (UCLA, 1991) or published in the above-titled paper by V. Lieneweg et al. (ibid., vol.40, no.5, p.839-45, May 1992). These results are presented and discussed. In their reply, Lieneweg et al. take issue with some of the commenter's points and defend their results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Massively parallel computing system (2022)

A parallel computing system and method having improved performance where a program is concurrently run on a plurality of nodes for reducing total processing time, each node having a processor, a memory, and a predetermined number of communication channels connected to the node and independently connected directly to other nodes. The present invention improves performance of the parallel computing system by providing a system which can provide efficient communication between the processors and between the system and input and output devices. A method is also disclosed which can locate defective nodes with the computing system.