gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the characteristic x ray of oxygen and other ultrasoft x rays using mercuric iodide detectors (1985)

This letter reports the detection and resolution of the characteristic x ray of oxygen at 523 eV and other ultrasoft x rays (photons energy less than 1 keV) using radiation detectors fabricated from the compound semi-insulator mercuric iodide (HgI2). These detectors are capable of operation at room ambient but in these experiments were slightly cooled using a Peltier element to 0 °C. A pulsed light feedback preamplifier with a Peltier element cooled (to −30 °) first stage field-effect transistor was used to amplify signals from the detector. Overall system noise level was 185 eV (full width at half-maximum) limited by the temperature of the first stage field-effect transistor. With optimal cooling of this element the characteristic x ray of carbon at 282 eV should be measurable. These results would seem to be important in measurement of biological samples in electron column instruments.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium—Indenylidene Complexes: Powerful Tools for Metathesis Transformations (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Correlation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation with Resistance of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected T Cells to Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Killing in a Rat Model (2002)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in infected individuals after a long incubation period. Despite the apparent transforming ability of HTLV-1 under experimental conditions, most HTLV-1 carriers are asymptomatic. These facts suggest that HTLV-1 is controlled by host immunity in most carriers. To understand the interplay between host immunity and HTLV-1-infected cells, in this study, we isolated several HTLV-1 Tax-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) lines from rats inoculated with Tax-coding DNA and investigated the long-term effects of the CTL on syngeneic HTLV-1-infected T cells. Our results demonstrated that long-term mixed culture of these CTL and the virus-infected T cells led to the emergence of CTL-resistant HTLV-1-infected cells. Although the Tax expression level in these resistant cells was equivalent to that in the parental cells, expression of surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) was significantly downregulated in the resistant cells. Downregulation of MHC-I was more apparent in RT1.A(l), which presents a Tax epitope recognized by the CTL established in this study. Moreover, peptide pulsing resulted in killing of the resistant cells by CTL, indicating that resistance was caused by a decreased epitope density on the infected cell surface. This may be one of the mechanisms for persistence of HTLV-1-infected cells that evade CTL lysis and potentially develop ATL.
PDP picture‐quality enhancement based on human‐visual‐system relevant features (2001)

Abstract— The success of a new display technology such as plasma is strongly related to the final picture quality assessed by the customer's eyes. The human visual system (HVS) characteristics enable the definition of new cost‐efficient methods to significantly reduce the visibility of all plasma‐specific artifacts. Simple optimized encoding methods based on the luminance perception will be presented as well as more‐complicated algorithms based on motion perception.
Effect of AGP on Emulsifying Stability of Gum Arabic (2011)

Gum arabic (Acacia senegal) is an important natural oil-in-water emulsifier, which is widely used in the food industry. However, emulsification performance of natural gum arabic greatly varies depending on origin, production area, tree age, the weather and changes in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) content during storage. The correlation between AGP components and emulsifying stability has been studied in detail using natural gum arabic. Molecular weight and AGP content were analysed using GPC-MALLS (Gel permeation chromatography – multi-angle laser light scattering) and emulsifying stability was evaluated by measuring the particle size of test emulsions after accelerated storage. AGP content of natural gum arabic varies greatly. Gum arabic with a higher AGP content has a higher emulsifying stability, whereas gum arabic with a lower AGP content has a lower emulsifying stability. It is very important for emulsion users to have access to a supply of high performance natural gum arabic with a higher and consistent AGP content.
<title>Spectral-sliced optical interconnect testbed</title> (1993)

One of the principal limitations in parallel real-time processing systems is the technique used to interconnect processors. Recent research has developed a novel optical transmission architecture to improve processor-to-processor connectivity bandwidth and permit reconfigurability of processor communications. Spectral sliced technology is used in this interconnect architecture to provide processor connectivity using a wavelength division multiple access addressing protocol. Spectral sliced technology employs the broad spectral output characteristics of light emitting diode (LED) sources and the spectral filtering characteristics of multiple channel WDM devices to provide a number of simultaneous non-blocking processor-to-processor connectivity paths. The spectral sliced interconnect technique can also support multicast and broadcast modes which permit one processor to simultaneously transfer data to more than one destination. This paper describes the architecture and provides measured results from an eight node prototype testbed configuration. A parametric study is presented that demonstrates the effects of source wavelength and spectral filter bandwidth on network performance and extent. These studies indicate that networks with high effective throughput rates can be constructed from commercially available off-the-shelf components.
Head group-functionalized poly(ethyleneglycol)–lipid (PEG–lipid) surface modification for highly selective analyte extractions on capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers (2014)

Polypropylene (PP) capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers were modified by adsorption of a head group-functionalized lipid to generate analyte-specific surfaces for application as a stationary phase in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or solid phase extraction (SPE). The aliphatic moiety of the lipid adsorbs strongly to the hydrophobic PP surface, with the hydrophilic active head groups orienting themselves toward the more polar mobile phase, thus allowing for interactions with the desired solutes. Initial proof-of-concept was achieved by adsorbing a biotin-poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized lipid to the surface of the PP C-CP fibers. Surface modification and uniformity was evaluated by binding streptavidin labeled with Texas Red (SAv-TR) to the biotin moiety. Isolation of SAv-TR from a mixture in neat buffer and in cleared lysate demonstrated the capability of the modified fibers to extract an analyte of interest from a complex viscous mixture. It is believed that this surface modification approach is generally applicable to a diversity of selective protein immobilization applications, including clinical diagnostics and preparative scale HPLC on C-CP fibers as well as to other hydrophobic supports.
Towards a preventive strategy for neosporosis: challenges and future perspectives for vaccine development against infection with <i>Neospora caninum</i> (2017)

Neosporosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Neospora caninum. This major disease-causing pathogen is responsible for inducing abortion in cattle, and these adverse events occur sporadically all over the world, including Japan. Currently, there are no vaccines on the market against infection with N. caninum. Because live and attenuated vaccines against N. caninum have had safety and effectiveness issues, development of a next-generation vaccine is urgently required. To develop a vaccine against neosporosis, my laboratory has been focused on the following: 1) understanding the host immune responses against Neospora infection, 2) identifying vaccine antigens and 3) developing an effective antigen-delivery system. The research strategy taken in my laboratory will have strong potential to progress current understanding of the pathogenesis of N. caninum infection and promote development of a novel subunit vaccine based on the specific vaccine antigen with an antigen-delivery system for controlling neosporosis.
Rheological and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) miscible blends (1986)

Abstract The properties of poly(vinyl chlorlde)/ehlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (61.6 percent C1) blends, prepared by melt and solution blending, were measured by various tests. Based on the chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) composition, percent chlorine, and mole percent CC1 2 groups, these blends were expected to show intermediate properties between miscible and immiscible systems. Indicative of miscible behavior were the single glass transition temperatures over the entire composition range for both melt and solution blended mixtures. A single phase was also indicated by transmission electron microscopy. However, the yield stress showed a minimum value less than either of the pure components in the 50 to 75 percent CPVC range, which is characteristic of two‐phased systems. Specific volume, glass transition temperature, and heat distortion temperature were linear with binary composition. The storage modulus showed a small maximum, suggesting a weak interaction between the two miscible polymers. Heats of melting for the residual PVC crystallinity were also less than expected from linear additivity. At 160°C and 210°C, the logarithm of the complex viscosity was essentially linear with volume fraction of CPVC, except for a very slight decrease in the 50 to 75 percent CPVC range, which may have been a result of lower crystallinity. At 140°C, the complex viscosity of the CPVC was less than that of PVC owing to the higher crystallinity of the latter. The viscosities were similar at 160°C, but at 210°C, where most of the crystallites had melted, the complex viscosity of the CPVC was higher because of its higher glass transition temperature.
Production and Quality Assurance of LYS-PLASMINOGEN Steam Treated (1988)

A highly purified plasminogen concentrate, LYS-PLASMINOGEN Steam Treated, has been developed for thrombolytic therapy of arterial and venous occlusions in combination with fibrinolytic agents. In search of a highly efficient drug covering this indication, we decided to select the lys-form of plasminogen because of its higher affinity to fibrin in contrast to the glu-form. This property of lys-plasminogen also led us to expect an improved thrombolytic activity as opposed to other forms of the proenzyme. The intermediate product is manufactured from pooled human citrated plasma by ethanol fractionation after separation of coagulation factor proteins. Further processing includes specific transformation and purification steps. The final product is a freeze-dried preparation characterized by a high specific activity greater than or equal to 18.0 CU/mg protein and a content of lys-plasminogen of greater than or equal to 95%. To reduce the risk of viral infections, the plasma pool includes only plasma donations which are ALT tested and negative for HBsAg and anti-HIV. In addition the intermediate freeze-dried bulk powder is subjected to a virus inactivation procedure based on steam treatment for 10 hours under standardized product specific conditions without using special protein stabilizers. Physical parameters of steam treatment provide for a maximum virus killing effect without impairing the biological plasminogen activity or changing the molecular integrity of the product. In a preclinical test HIV was inactivated by 6 log 10 after 3 hours of steam treatment leaving a 7 hour safety margin for inactivation of more heat resistant viruses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Highly Compact Circulators in Square-Lattice Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2014)

We propose, demonstrate and investigate highly compact circulators with ultra-low insertion loss in square-lattice- square-rod-photonic-crystal waveguides. Only a single magneto- optical square rod is required to be inserted into the cross center of waveguides, making the structure very compact and ultra efficient. The square rods around the center defect rod are replaced by several right-angled-triangle rods, reducing the insertion loss further and promoting the isolations as well. By choosing a linear-dispersion region and considering the mode patterns in the square magneto-optical rod, the operating mechanism of the circulator is analyzed. By applying the finite-element method together with the Nelder-Mead optimization method, an extremely low insertion loss of 0.02 dB for the transmitted wave and ultra high isolation of 46 dB∼48 dB for the isolated port are obtained. The idea presented can be applied to build circulators in different wavebands, e.g., microwave or Tera-Hertz.
Coherent Visual Description of Textual Instructions (2017)

Text is the easiest means to record information but need not always be the best means for understanding a concept. In psychological theories, it is argued that when information is presented visually, it provides a better means to understand a concept. While techniques exist for generating text from a given image, the inverse problem that is to automatically fetch coherent images to represent a given set of instructions (sequence of text), is a hard one. In this paper, we present a novel multistage framework to convert textual instructions into coherent visual descriptions (text instructions annotated with images). The key components in the proposed approach are: (i) novel framework, which combines the text as well as image analysis to generate visual descriptions; (ii) ensure coherency across visual descriptions, using a combination of deep learning and graph based approach. Effectiveness of our proposed approach is shown through a user study on a dataset of instructions and corresponding images collected from WikiHow website.
Application of Multispectral Imaging for Identification of Systemically Diseased Chicken (2004)

A multispectral imaging system for automated inspection of wholesome and systemicallydiseased chickens was developed and demonstrated. The disease of septicemia was selected as thedetection target because it is the most common chicken disease in US. From visible/near-infraredreflectance spectra of poultry carcasses, average CIELAB L*(lightness), a*(redness), andb*(yellowness) values were analyzed. The difference of lightness between wholesome andsepticemic chickens was significant. The multispectral imaging system consisted of a backilluminatedCCD camera and a spectrometer with four narrow-band interference filters for 488, 540,580, and 610 nm wavelengths, respectively. The 16-bit multispectral images of chicken carcasses were collected for image processing and analysis. Image processing algorithms, including imageregistration, flat-field correction, image segmentation, region of interest identification, featuremeasurement, and symptom recognition, were developed to differentiate septicemic chickens fromwholesome ones. The image from 610-nm wavelength was used to create a mask to extract chickenimages from background. The average reflectance intensities at 488, 540, 580, and 610 nm fromdifferent parts of the carcass in the front side were calculated. Moreover, four normalization methodsand four normalized differentiation methods between two wavelengths were also calculated forcomparison. Decision tree was applied to generate thresholds for differentiation between wholesomeand septicemic chickens. Images were collected at three time frames. The images from the first timeframe were used to generate first thresholds that were tested by the images from the second timeframes. Then, the images from the first and second time frames were used together to generatesecond thresholds. The first and second thresholds were tested by the images from the third timeframe, respectively. The results showed that using average intensity at 580 nm from the region ofinterest, 98.6% of septicemic chickens and 96.3% of wholesome chickens could be differentiatedfrom each other. More training data could help to generate more appropriate thresholds used atdifferent time frames.
Synergistic Interactions between Hepatitis B Virus RNase H Antagonists and Other Inhibitors (2016)

Combination therapies are standard for management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections; however, no such therapies are established for human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Recently, we identified several promising inhibitors of HBV RNase H (here simply RNase H) activity that have significant activity against viral replication <i>in vitro</i> Here, we investigated the <i>in vitro</i> antiviral efficacy of combinations of two RNase H inhibitors with the current anti-HBV drug nucleoside analog lamivudine, with HAP12, an experimental core protein allosteric modulator, and with each other. Anti-HBV activities of the compounds were tested in a HepG2-derived cell line by monitoring intracellular core particle DNA levels, and cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. The antiviral efficiencies of the drug combinations were evaluated using the median-effect equation derived from the mass-action law principle and combination index theorem of Chou and Talalay. We found that combinations of two RNase H inhibitors from different chemical classes were synergistic with lamivudine against HBV DNA synthesis. Significant synergism was also observed for the combination of the two RNase H inhibitors. Combinations of RNase H inhibitors with HAP12 had additive antiviral effects. Enhanced cytotoxicity was not observed in the combination experiments. Because of these synergistic and additive effects, the antiviral activity of combinations of RNase H inhibitors with drugs that act by two different mechanisms and with each other can be achieved by administering the compounds in combination at doses below the respective single drug doses.
Regenerative Adsorption and Removal of H<sub>2</sub>S from Hot Fuel Gas Streams by Rare Earth Oxides. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tellurium‐based screen‐printable conductor metallizations for crystalline silicon solar cells (2019)

Abstract Tellurium‐based screen‐printable conductor metallization pastes containing multiple inorganic solid‐state frits (ie, metallization pastes containing two or more individual discrete tellurium‐based frits) were evaluated on p‐type, mono‐crystalline silicon passivated emitter rear cell (PERC) wafers. Individual discrete frits with tellurium‐lead‐metal‐oxygen compositions of were prepared with varying ratios of tellurium and lead cations. Screen‐printed solar cells fabricated from metallization pastes containing multiple discrete frits (two, three, and four discrete frits) had state‐of‐the‐art solar cell electrical properties ( Eff = 21.1%). Mechanisms for the oxidation, dissolution, and removal of the SiN x :H antireflective coating (ARC) by tellurium‐based metallizations during solar cell firing are examined. In situ thermal analysis of a model frit‐silicon nitride system shows that frit glass transition temperatures coincide with the onset of silicon nitride oxidation during heating in accord with dissolution reactions. The advantage of multiple frit systems is an inherent ability to fine‐tune the final chemistry of the conductor metallization, beyond what is possible with single frit systems, to further improve solar cell performance, which is essential for advanced crystalline silicon solar cell devices and continued reductions in processing costs.
Revealing, identifying and assessing “non‐predictable flaws”, crack type IV, by quantitative acoustic emission non‐destructive inspection technology, photo‐elastic and metallurgical methods (2010)

Abstract QAE NDI technology has been adapted to revealing, identifying and assessing one type of previously non‐predictable failure of high energy equipment and piping, known as crack type IV. The research established the following: Cracks of type IV correspond to transverse shear crack mode II, according to the classification used in fracture mechanics and the physics of solids. The length of crack mode II jumps, the velocity of it propagation are significantly higher than in case crack mode I under the same loads. The earliest quantitative statistical Acoustic Emission (AE) indications and peculiarities necessary and sufficient to reveal cracks in specimens loaded by tension or shear loads, especially the differences in the AE power, median Energy, Average Frequency and Hit Rate of the AE signals flow. etc. Based on the findings described above have been formulated requirements and technological solutions for revealing, typifying and assessing crack IV.
A potent antioxidant small molecule aimed at targeting metal-based oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders (2013)

Metal-ion misregulation and oxidative stress have been linked to the progressive neurological decline associated with multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Transition metal-mediated oxidation of biomolecules via Fenton chemical reactions plays a role in disease progression. Herein we report the synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of 2; a pyclen derivative with enhanced antioxidant character.
Synthetic-Ferromagnet Pinning Layers Enabling Top-Pinned Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for High-Density Embedded Magnetic Random-Access Memory (2018)

Top-pinned perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions featuring a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) have been extensively studied for spin-transfer-torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM). However, degraded device performance after annealing remains a problem for this design, and hinders integration with CMOS technology. This study instead uses a synthetic $f\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c$ (SFM) pinning layer to enable high thermal tolerance in STT-MRAM stacks. Experiment and simulation confirm functionality in 20-nm devices, including current switching. The proposed design contributes significantly to the scalability of STT-MRAM, and enables future applications requiring a top-pinned stack.