gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving High Mobility in IGTO Thin-Film Transistors at a Low Temperature via Film Densification (2018)

The effects of chamber pressure ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> ) on the structural and chemical properties of an indium gallium tin oxide (IGTO) channel layer were examined. Smoother and denser IGTO films were obtained with decreasing <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> , which were explained based on the enhanced kinetic energy of sputtered particles due to fewer collisions with the plasma atmosphere. The resulting IGTO thin-film transistor exhibited a high mobility of 35.0 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs, subthreshold gate swing of 0.17 V/decade, threshold voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ) of -0.45 V, and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON/OFF</sub> ratio >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> , even at a low annealing temperature of 150 °C.
Packaging assessment of porous ultra low-k materials (2003)

The need for lower effective dielectric constants for both inter- and intra-layer dielectrics is clearly stated in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Recently some progress has been reported with regards to integration and reliability assessment of these new, relatively weak porous ultra low-k materials. Due to their mechanical weakness, these materials also present unique challenges to the packaging process. If no appropriate precautions are taken, the parts cannot be packaged at all. In this paper first results are presented for packaging of a porous ultra low-k material with different integration schemes, employing three assembly techniques: flip chip, gold ball bonding, and aluminum wedge bonding. All of these assembly techniques achieved good assembly yields when proper integration schemes were used.
Wavefield Tomography Based on Local Image Correlations (2013)

Seismic imaging includes the estimation of both the position of the structures that generate the data recorded at the surface and a model that describes the propagation in the subsurface. The waves recorded at the surface are extrapolated in the model by solving a wave equation, and they are crosscorrelated with a synthetic source wavefield simulated in the same model. Reflectors are located where the source and receiver wavefields match in time and space. If the velocity model is inaccurate, the reflectors are positioned at incorrect locations. We propose an objective function in the image space that does not require common-image gathers (CIGs). We consider pairs of images from adjacent experiments and reformulate the semblance principle in the physical space, instead of the extended space at selected CIGs. We use penalized local correlations of two images to estimate shifts in the image space.
Comparative Study of Face-to-Face and Online Teaching Outcomes in Biology (2023)

Since the introduction of the Internet in China in 2000, the number of Internet users has consistently grown (TITC, 2010). Amidst the global pandemic, electronic applications have proven advantageous in delivering education. In this study, we designed a progress test involving 60 students who covered the same content in the biology course at the Vocational Education College of China's Ministry of Education and Culture, both through online and inclass formats. There was no significant difference in the overall results for the first semester between students who studied biology online and those in the traditional classroom setting. However, the test scores of online students were found to be slightly lower than those of their counterparts in the classroom. The reliability of the evaluation task developed in this study is deemed good, and improvement is needed, particularly in terms of the discrimination index, which stands at 54.4%. About 32.1% of the tasks were rated as good or very good, with the majority (78.8%) being categorized as relatively easy based on the difficulty index. Based on our research findings, it is plausible to consider conducting biology lessons in the future through online or hybrid courses in addition to traditional classroom settings. Биологийн хичээлийн цахим болон танхимын сургалтын үр дүнг харьцуулсан судалгаа БНХАУ-д 2000 оноос цахим сүлжээ нэвтэрч жилээс жилд цахим хэрэглэгчдийн тоо өссөөр байна. Дэлхий нийтийг хамарсан цар тахлын үед энэхүү цахим хэрэглээ нь боловсролын салбарт тулгамдсан сургалтыг явуулахад давуу тал болсон юм. Бидний судалгаа БНХАУ-ын ӨМӨЗО-ны мэргэжлийн боловсрол олгох коллежийн Биологийн хичээлийн ижил агуулгыг цахим болон танхимаар судалсан нийт 60 суралцагсдаас явцын шалгалтын даалгавар боловсруулж авсан. Энэхүү даалгаврын найдвартай байдал, хүндрэлийн болон ялгах чадварын индексийг тооцож, цахим болон танхимын сургалтын талаар асуулга судалгаа авав. Биологийн хичээлийг цахим болон танхимаар судалсан суралцагсдын нэгдүгээр улирлын ерөнхий дүнг харьцуулахад ялгаагүй, цахимаар судалсан суралцагсдын шалгалтын оноо танхимаар судалсан суралцагсдаас бага байв. Бидний боловсруулсан үнэлгээний даалгаврын найдвартай байдал сайн, ялгах чадварын индексээр даалгаврыг засаж сайжруулах шаардлагатай даалгавар 67.9%; сайн, маш сайн даалгавар 32.1% гарсан бол хүндрэлийн индексээр даалгаврын ихэнх хувийг (78.8%) хөнгөн даалгавар эзэлж байв. Судалгааны асуулгын үр дүнгээр биологийн хичээлийг танхимаас гадна хосолсон сургалтаар явуулах боломжтойг харуулж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Биологийн хичээл, Цахим, Танхим
SITE-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE GENE EXPRESSION IN EARLY OSTEOARTHRITIS USING THE POND-NUKI MODEL IN DOGS (2005)

.Pond-Nuki Model: The ACL in one knee (stifle) of three adult mongrel dogs (mean weight 26.2 kg) was completely transected (ACL-X) through a lateral parapatellar arthrotomy. After recovery from surgery, the dogs were allowed unrestricted use of the limb. The contralateral knee of each dog was used as the nonoperated control. After four weeks, the dogs were euthanatized and evaluated. Tissue harvest: Separate full-thickness cartilage samples were collected from the cranial medial femoral condyle (CrMF), caudal medial femoral condyle (CaMF), cranial lateral femoral condyle (CrLF), caudal lateral femoral condyle (CaLF), cranial medial tibial plateau (CrMT), caudal medial tibial plateau (CaMT), cranial lateral tibial plateau (CrLT), and caudal lateral tibial plateau (CaLT) of both knees and used for gene expression and biochemical evaluation. RNA extraction : Total RNA was extracted using the Trispin method, and stored at -80 ◦ C until used for gene expression analysis. Real time RT-PCR: Real time RT-PCR analysis was performed on total RNA (1µg) to determine the relative gene expression levels of collagens 1 and 2 (COL 1, 2), aggrecan (Agg), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 (TIMP- 1, -2), matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3, 9, and 13 (MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, -13), aggrecanases 1 and 2 (ADAMTS 4, 5), inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) compared to the housekeeping gene GAPDH using the QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR master mix. Biochemical analysis: Total sulfated GAG content was determined using the dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay. Total collagen content was determined by measuring hydroxyprolene (HP) content. Statistical Analysis: Relative expression levels for the genes studied were determined using QGene. Significant differences in gene expression levels between groups were determined using the relative expression statistical tool, REST-XL. Biochemical data were analyzed by ANOVA with significance at p<0.05.
Restoration of Tumor Immunosurveillance via Targeting of Interleukin-13 Receptor-α2 (2008)

In previous studies, we described a "counter-immunosurveillance" mechanism initiated by tumor-activated, interleukin-13 (IL-13)-producing natural killer T cells that signal Gr-1(+) cells to produce transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), a cytokine that suppresses the activity of tumor-inhibiting cytolytic CD8(+) T cells. Here, we show that in two tumor models (the CT-26 metastatic colon cancer and the 15-12RM fibrosarcoma regressor models), this counter-surveillance mechanism requires the expression of a novel IL-13 receptor, IL-13R alpha(2), on Gr-1(intermediate) cells, because down-regulation of IL-13R alpha(2) expression or the activator protein-1 signal generated by the receptor via in vivo administration of specific small interfering RNA or decoy oligonucleotides leads to loss of TGF-beta(1) production. Furthermore, acting on prior studies showing that IL-13R alpha(2) expression is induced (in part) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), we show that receptor expression and TGF-beta(1) production is inhibited by administration of a TNF-alpha-neutralizing substance, TNF-alpha R-Fc (etanercept). Taking advantage of this latter fact, we then show in the CT-26 model that counter-immunosurveillance can be inhibited, anti-CT-26-specific CD8(+) cytolytic activity can be restored, and CT-26 metastatic tumor nodules can be greatly decreased by administration of TNF-alpha R-Fc. Corroborative data were obtained using the 15-12RM fibrosarcoma model. These studies point to the prevention of metastatic cancer with an available agent with already known clinically acceptable adverse effects and toxicity.
Manufacturing Natural Killer Cells as Medicinal Products (2016)

Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells (ILC) with cytotoxic and regulatory properties. Their functions are tightly regulated by an array of inhibitory and activating receptors, and their mechanisms of activation strongly differ from antigen recognition in the context of human leukocyte antigen presentation as needed for T-cell activation. NK cells thus offer unique opportunities for new and improved therapeutic manipulation, either <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i>, in a variety of human diseases, including cancers. NK cell activity can possibly be modulated <i>in vivo</i> through direct or indirect actions exerted by small molecules or monoclonal antibodies. NK cells can also be adoptively transferred following more or less substantial modifications through cell and gene manufacturing, in order to empower them with new or improved functions and ensure their controlled persistence and activity in the recipient. In the present review, we will focus on the technological and regulatory challenges of NK cell manufacturing and discuss conditions in which these innovative cellular therapies can be brought to the clinic.
Laboratory Investigation of a Suspected Enterovirus 71 Outbreak in Central Taiwan (1999)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) was first identified in the US in 1969. It was also, of all known enteroviruses, the last one identified. Subsequently, infections have been reported from all over the world. The virus can induce, in addition to some special clinical symptoms such as hand-food-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina, serious complications of the nervous system such as meningitis and encephalitis. Its pathogenicity therefore is high. Between January and May 1999, of all suspected EV71 case reported by contract laboratories in the northern, central, southern, and eastern parts of Taiwan, only three were confirmed. However, since June 1999, one provisional medical center in central Taiwan unusually reported in series six EV71 cases. To avoid any panic of the public resulting from inadequate evaluation, Division of Viral Diseases and Division of Surveillance of Center for Disease Control in Taiwan immediately conducted relevant laboratory and epidemiological investigations of the incident. By visiting cases, understanding the laboratory procedures of the said provisional medical center, and further laboratory testing of specimens, it was decided that the six cases were Coxsackie A16 virus infections.
Distributed denial of service attacks (2002)

We discuss distributed denial of service attacks in the Internet. We were motivated by the widely known February 2000 distributed attacks on Yahoo!, Amazon.com, CNN.com, and other major Web sites. A denial of service is characterized by an explicit attempt by an attacker to prevent legitimate users from using resources. An attacker may attempt to: "flood" a network and thus reduce a legitimate user's bandwidth, prevent access to a service, or disrupt service to a specific system or a user. We describe methods and techniques used in denial of service attacks, and we list possible defences. In our study, we simulate a distributed denial of service attack using ns-2 network simulator. We examine how various queuing algorithms implemented in a network router perform during an attack, and whether legitimate users can obtain desired bandwidth. We find that under persistent denial of service attacks, class based queuing algorithms can guarantee bandwidth for certain classes of input flows.
A biomechanic-based model for the animation of human locomotion (1999)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Rosiglitazone improves lipoatrophy in patients receiving thymidine-sparing regimens (2010)

In the absence of tNRTI, rosiglitazone significantly improves lipoatrophy without deleterious effect on bone mineral density. Total cholesterol, but not triglycerides, significantly increased in the rosiglitazone arm. The glitazones may be a promising addition for accelerating fat recovery in individuals who had switched off tNRTI and remain with significant lipoatrophy.
Synthesis and photocatalytic hydrogen production of a novel photocatalyst LaCO3OH (2013)

A novel orthorhombic LaCO3OH photocatalyst is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The prepared LaCO3OH sample exhibits high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from aqueous methanol solutions under UV light irradiation, which is about 3 times higher than that of anatase TiO2. The Mott–Schottky plot shows the VCB of the prepared LaCO3OH of −0.87 V vs. RHE at pH 7. Theoretical calculations of the electronic structures for LaCO3OH reveal that the top of the valence band (VB) and the bottom of the conduction band (CB) are mainly composed of O 2p and La 4f states, respectively. The superior photocatalytic performance of LaCO3OH could be ascribed predominantly to the high reduction potential of photoinduced electrons. A possible mechanism for the hydrogen evolution over LaCO3OH is proposed. This work highlights the potential application of lanthanum-based materials in the field of energy conversion.
[Pure culture of bacteria using chromates and bichromates as hydrogen acceptors during development under anaerobic conditions]. (1977)

A pure bacterial culture utilizing chromates and bichromates as oxygen donors during growth on organic substances in anaerobic conditions was isolated from active ooze of sewage and industrial wastes containing a weak solution of chromates. A medium for growth of the bacterium was selected, and its morphological and cultural properties were studied. Chromates and bichromates are reduced only in anaerobic conditions by the bacterium or active ooze containing it, the hexavalent chromium becoming trivalent. The culture does not belong to any known species and has been therefore classed as Pseudomonas dechromaticans.
Fast and accurate view classification of echocardiograms using deep learning (2018)

Echocardiography is essential to cardiology. However, the need for human interpretation has limited echocardiography's full potential for precision medicine. Deep learning is an emerging tool for analyzing images but has not yet been widely applied to echocardiograms, partly due to their complex multi-view format. The essential first step toward comprehensive computer-assisted echocardiographic interpretation is determining whether computers can learn to recognize these views. We trained a convolutional neural network to simultaneously classify 15 standard views (12 video, 3 still), based on labeled still images and videos from 267 transthoracic echocardiograms that captured a range of real-world clinical variation. Our model classified among 12 video views with 97.8% overall test accuracy without overfitting. Even on single low-resolution images, accuracy among 15 views was 91.7% vs. 70.2-84.0% for board-certified echocardiographers. Data visualization experiments showed that the model recognizes similarities among related views and classifies using clinically relevant image features. Our results provide a foundation for artificial intelligence-assisted echocardiographic interpretation.
Serum cytokines, proteins, and receptors in acute pancreatitis: Mediators, markers, or more of the same? (2001)

Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Nursing Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine and Nursing Baltimore, MD
Online vehicle detection using deep neural networks and lidar based preselected image patches (2016)

In this paper we present a vehicle detection system using convolutional neural networks on 2d image data. Since realtime capabilities are crucial for object detection systems running in real-traffic situations, we will show how the calculation time of our algorithm can be significantly reduced by taking advantage of depth information from lidar sensors. One part of this work focusses on useful network topologies and network parameters to increase the classification precision. We will test the presented algorithm on an autonomous car in different real-traffic scenarios with regards to detection accuracy and calculation time and show experimental results.
Diversity Covering AMA1-MSP1 <sub>19</sub> Fusion Proteins as Malaria Vaccines (2013)

To overcome polymorphism in the malaria vaccine candidate Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1), fusion protein chimeras comprised of three diversity-covering (DiCo) PfAMA1 molecules (D1, D2, and D3) and two allelic variants of the C-terminal 19-kDa region of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) (variants M1 and M2) were generated. A mixture of fusion proteins (D1M1/D2M2D3) and the D1M1D2M2D3 fusion were compared to a single-unit mixture (D1/D2/D3/M1) in an immunological study in groups of rabbits. Following immunization, titers of antibodies (Abs) against four naturally occurring PfAMA1 alleles were high for all groups, as were growth inhibition assay (GIA) levels against two antigenically distinct laboratory parasite strains. Fusion of AMA1 to MSP119 did not suppress levels of antibodies against the AMA1 component. In addition, the breadth of antibody responses was unaffected. Anti-AMA1 antibodies were largely responsible for parasite growth inhibition, as shown in reversal-of-inhibition experiments by adding competing AMA1 antigen. For all groups, titration of the MSP119 antigen into the GIA led to only a small decrease in parasite inhibition, although titers of antibodies against MSP119 were increased 15-fold for the groups immunized with fusion proteins. GIA with affinity-purified anti-MSP119 antibodies showed that the 50% inhibitory concentrations of the anti-MSP119 antibody preparations were in the same order of magnitude for all animals tested, leading to the conclusion that fusing MSP119 to PfAMA1 leads to a small but significant increase in functional antibody levels. This study shows that combination of multiple vaccine candidates in fusion proteins may lead to improved characteristics of the vaccine.
Mapping the Reaction Coordinates of Enzymatic Defluorination (2011)

The carbon-fluorine bond is the strongest covalent bond in organic chemistry, yet fluoroacetate dehalogenases can readily hydrolyze this bond under mild physiological conditions. Elucidating the molecular basis of this rare biocatalytic activity will provide the fundamental chemical insights into how this formidable feat is achieved. Here, we present a series of high-resolution (1.15-1.80 Å) crystal structures of a fluoroacetate dehalogenase, capturing snapshots along the defluorination reaction: the free enzyme, enzyme-fluoroacetate Michaelis complex, glycolyl-enzyme covalent intermediate, and enzyme-product complex. We demonstrate that enzymatic defluorination requires a halide pocket that not only supplies three hydrogen bonds to stabilize the fluoride ion but also is finely tailored for the smaller fluorine halogen atom to establish selectivity toward fluorinated substrates. We have further uncovered dynamics near the active site which may play pivotal roles in enzymatic defluorination. These findings may ultimately lead to the development of novel defluorinases that will enable the biotransformation of more complex fluorinated organic compounds, which in turn will assist the synthesis, detoxification, biodegradation, disposal, recycling, and regulatory strategies for the growing markets of organofluorines across major industrial sectors.
Practical Gram-Scale Synthesis of Iboxamycin, a Potent Antibiotic Candidate (2021)

A gram-scale synthesis of iboxamycin, an antibiotic candidate bearing a fused bicyclic amino acid residue, is presented. A pivotal transformation in the route involves an intramolecular hydrosilylation-oxidation sequence to set the ring-fusion stereocenters of the bicyclic scaffold. Other notable features of the synthesis include a high-yielding, highly diastereoselective alkylation of a pseudoephenamine amide, a convergent sp<sup>3</sup>-sp<sup>2</sup> Negishi coupling, and a one-pot transacetalization-reduction reaction to form the target compound's oxepane ring. Implementation of this synthetic strategy has provided ample quantities of iboxamycin to allow for its <i>in vivo</i> profiling in murine models of infection.
Lens distortion correction using a checkerboard pattern (2008)

In many AR applications, 2D-3D projective mapping is usually modeled with the linear pin-hole camera model. However, the images of real cameras suffer from lens distortion. We present a method to correct the radial distortion caused by camera lens. As the radial distortion correction is achieved via a non-iterative process, the proposed method is computationally efficient and very fast. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed system are verified on the experimental results of several indoor and outdoor images.
Remaining useful life prediction of MEMS sensors used in automotive under random vibration loading (2013)

The Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS, such as gyros or accelerometers) applied in modern automotive usually work in relatively critical environmental conditions, such as random vibration, shock/high impact, and extreme temperature. The package and interconnection of MEMS are critical concerns that influence the reliability and performance of MEMS sensors. This paper focuses on a prediction methodology based on finite element analysis and random vibration simulation to study the reliability and the remaining useful life prediction of package and interconnection of MEMS. The results show that solder joint is the weakest link which is subject to fatigue failures. Damage accumulation for multiple vibration loadings was calculated using Miner's rule. The method for remaining useful life prediction is discussed.