gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can Ultrasound-Guided Xenon Delivery Provide Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury? (2022)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high mortality and morbidity in children and adults. Unfortunately, there is no effective management for TBI in the acute setting. Rodent studies have shown that xenon, a well-known anesthetic gas, can be neuroprotective when administered post-TBI. Gas inhalation therapy, however, the approach typically used for administering xenon, is expensive, inconvenient, and fraught with systemic side effects. Therapeutic delivery to the brain is minimal, with much of the inhaled gas cleared by the lungs. To bridge major gaps in clinical care and enhance cerebral delivery of xenon, this study introduces a novel xenon delivery technique, utilizing microbubbles, in which a high impulse ultrasound signal is used for targeted cerebral release of xenon. Briefly, an ultrasound pulse is applied along the carotid artery at the level of the neck on intravenous injection of xenon microbubbles (XeMBs) resulting in release of xenon from microbubbles into the brain. This delivery technique employs a hand-held, portable ultrasound system that could be adopted in resource-limited environments. Using a high-fidelity porcine model, this study demonstrates the neuroprotective efficacy of xenon microbubbles in TBI for the first time.
Method of isolating erythrocytes influences their measured polyamine content. (1987)

Journal Article Method of isolating erythrocytes influences their measured polyamine content. Get access G A van den Berg, G A van den Berg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G H Munneke, G H Munneke Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A W Kingma, A W Kingma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J W Smit, J W Smit Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F A Muskiet F A Muskiet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 33, Issue 6, 1 June 1987, Pages 1081–1082, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.6.1081a Published: 01 June 1987
Building reconstruction from a single DEM (2008)

We present a new approach for building reconstruction from a single Digital Elevation Model (DEM). It treats buildings as an assemblage of simple urban structures extracted from a library of 3D parametric blocks (like a LEGO <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> set). This method works on various data resolutions such as 0.7 m satellite and 0.1 m aerial DEMs and allows us to obtain 3D representations with various levels of detail. First, the 2D supports of the urban structures are extracted either interactively or automatically. Then, 3D blocks are placed on the 2D supports using a Gibbs model. A Bayesian decision finds the optimal configuration of 3D blocks using a RJMCMC sampler. Experimental results on complex buildings and dense urban areas are presented using data at various resolutions.
Channeled Implants in 6H Silicon Carbide (2000)

Implants of MeV B-11, Al-27 and Ga-69 into the channel of 6H-SiC have been performed and concentration versus depth profiles have been obtained utilizing secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The experiment shows that the deepest channeled Ga ions reach a depth of 6.6 mum, which is 4 times deeper than the projected range of a random angle implantation, while the deepest channeled B ions only exceed the random projected range by 40%. Measurements at several implantation fluences show that implantation induced damage quench the deep channeling at fluences around 2 and 10x10(13) cm(-2) for Al and Ga, respectively, while only a minor fluence dependence is found in the B implants at fluences up to 2.6x10(14) cm(-2). The ion mass dependence of these effects is explained by the electronic to nuclear stopping ratios. Monte Carlo simulations of the channeling implants have also been performed and good agreements are found between simulations and experimental data.
Dosimetry of Room-Air Germicidal (254 nm) Radiation Using Spherical Actinometry (1999)

Abstract A method is demonstrated for measuring germicidal (254 nm) ultraviolet radiation (GUVR) in an omnidirectional manner. This method has application for those situations in which GUVR from more than one direction or source impinges on a three-dimensional object, and when it is of interest to determine the radiant fluence experienced by the object. For this purpose spherical quartz vessels were constructed varying from 0.8 to 1.25 cm in outside diameter. The vessels were filled with an actinometric solution consisting of KI and KIO3. This solution is optically opaque at 254 nm and is insensitive to room light. Upon exposure to GUVR this solution, which counts all of the 254 nm photons, forms triiodide. Following radiation, the contents of the vessel are removed, the absor-bance of triiodide measured and the fluence rate determined based on a relationship that takes the volume to cross-sectional area of the actinometer into account It is demonstrated that, in accordance with theory, the area of the sphere that intercepts the radiant energy is equal to the cross-sectional area of the sphere. A demonstration of the utility of this method was carried out in a test facility 90 m3 equipped with five GUVR lamps, one in each corner and one in the center of the room, arranged so as to irradiate the air in the upper portion of the room. Twenty spherical actinometers were evenly distributed around the room and exposed for either 30 or 90 min. The fluence rate varied from one part of the room to another, peaking near the GUVR lamps at 65–85 uW per cm2. By averaging over all 20 points, a pseudoaverage fluence rate for the room was found to be 42 and 44 u.W per cm2 for the 30 and 90 min exposures, respectively. The similarities in the values for this metric demonstrates that the actinometric response is linear over this exposure range.
Comparação entre a utilização de saliva e sangue para determinação do lactato mínimo em cicloergômetro e ergômetro de braço em mesa-tenistas (2004)

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a possibilidade de determinar o teste de lactato mínimo (TLM) com concentrações de sódio (Na+), potássio (K+) e lactato (LAC) na saliva em ergômetro de braço e cicloergômetro. Foram participantes deste estudo oito mesa-tenistas de nível internacional. Como estímulo anaeróbio no TLM em ambos os ergômetros foram utilizados testes máximos de 30 segundos. No ergômetro de braço isocinético (Cybex Ube 2432) foi aplicada a força máxima com rotação fixa em 102rpm e no cicloergômetro, aplicada a carga de 7,5% do peso corporal (Kp). Após o estímulo anaeróbio no ergômetro de braço, foi iniciado um teste incremental com rotações na manivela constante a 60rpm, iniciado a 49 watts com aumento de 16 watts a cada estágio de três minutos de exercício. A intensidade correspondente ao TLM foi determinado com amostras de sangue e saliva (LACmin braço; Na+min braço-saliva e K+min braço-saliva, respectivamente). Para o cicloergômetro, a carga inicial foi de 85 watts e aumento de 17 watts com rotação do pedal constante a 70rpm. Cada estágio de exercício também teve a duração de três minutos. O LACmin foi determinado utilizando amostras de sangue e saliva (LACmin ciclo; Na+min ciclo-saliva, K+min ciclo-saliva e LACmin ciclo-saliva, respectivamente). Em ambos os ergômetros, as intensidades obtidas no TLM foram correspondentes à derivada zero do ajuste polinomial entre metabólito versus intensidade. Foram utilizados, como procedimentos estatísticos, o teste ANOVA One Way, teste t de Student pareado e teste de correlação de Pearson com níveis de significância de 5%. Os LACmin determinados com amostras de sangue e de saliva, tanto para o ergômetro de braço (LACmin braço 91,71 ± 12,43; Na+min braço-saliva 71,99 ± 23,42; K+min braço-saliva 79,67 ± 17,72), quanto para cicloergômetro (LACmin ciclo 157,68 ± 13,48; LACmin ciclo-saliva 135,49 ± 33,2; Na+min ciclo-saliva 121,81 ± 51,31; K+min ciclo-saliva 135,49 ± 33,21), não foram diferentes significativamente. Contudo, essas intensidades não apresentaram correlações significativas. Pode-se então concluir que a utilização de metabólitos na saliva para determinação do TLM não parece ser possível para esse protocolo quando os ergômetros utilizados são o ergômetro de braço isocinético e o cicloergômetro.
Electrostatic Energy Harvester and Li-Ion Charger Circuit for Micro-Scale Applications (2006)

Modern portable micro-systems like biomedical implants and ad-hoc wireless transceiver micro-sensors continue to integrate more functions into smaller devices, which result in low energy levels and short operational lives. Researchers and industry alike are consequently considering harvesting energy from the surrounding environment as a means of offsetting this energy deficit. Even with power efficient designs, low duty-cycle operation, smart power-aware network architectures, and batteries with improved energy density, the stored energy in micro-scale systems is simply not sufficient to sustain extended lifetimes. Fortunately, the surrounding environment is a rich source of energy, from solar and thermal to kinetic, but harnessing it without dissipating much power in the process is challenging. In this paper, an electrostatic vibrational energy harvester circuit is proposed and evaluated. It harnesses energy from inherent vibrations in the system (e.g., engine-powered applications) by modulating the parallel-plate distance of a variable capacitor and channeling the resulting change in charge into a secondary Li-ion micro-battery. The varactor, in essence, behaves like a vibration-dependent current source. Simulations show that a 100-to-1 pF variable plate capacitor subjected to vibrations with a period of 15 μs produces an average harvesting current of 40.8 μA, an energy gain of 569 pj per cycle, and a net average power gain of 38 μW.
Effective reinforcement in carbon nanotube–polymer composites (2008)

Carbon nanotubes have mechanical properties that are far in excess of conventional fibrous materials used in engineering polymer composites. Effective reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes is difficult due to poor dispersion and alignment of the nanotubes along the same axis as the applied force during composite loading. This paper reviews the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and their polymer composites to highlight how many previously prepared composites do not effectively use the excellent mechanical behaviour of the reinforcement. Nanomechanical tests using atomic force microscopy are carried out on simple uniaxially aligned carbon nanotube-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres prepared using electrospinning processes. Dispersion of the carbon nanotubes within the polymer is achieved using a surfactant. Young's modulus of these simple composites is shown to approach theoretically predicted values, indicating that the carbon nanotubes are effective reinforcements. However, the use of dispersant is also shown to lower Young's modulus of the electrospun PVA fibres.
Using simulation to assist recruitment in seasonally dependant contact centers (2015)

The weather is unpredictable and can have a large impact on the profitability of seasonal businesses, particularly if staffing requirements are highly temperature-dependent. In this paper we describe our efforts in developing a what-if analysis tool to assist affected Small and Medium Enterprises in determining the best case scenario for timing hiring new staff and deciding the optimum length of temporary employment contracts. Together with a boiler maintenance company we have developed a prototype simulation tool that can be employed by users with minimal statistical and modelling knowledge. Our usability tests with the boiler maintenance company confirmed the usefulness of the developed tool as a decision support aid for managers. In this paper we focus on describing the tool development and testing process. With regards to real world experimentation we are still waiting for the feedback from the company.
A H-ARQ scheme for polar codes (2016)

We consider the problem of supporting H-ARQ with polar codes. For supporting H-ARQ, we propose to create redundancy versions based on different, but equivalent, subsets of a polar code. The equivalent subsets are created from an initial subset of a polar code using an inherent symmetry in polar code construction. A greedy construction is used to create the initial subset of a polar code. We demonstrate performance of proposed constructions via simulations for binary input AWGN channel. We demonstrate that a (4096, 1024) polar code can be divided into two disjoint (2048, 1024) subset polar codes, which when decoded individually are within 0.2 dB (at $1 \%$ BLER) of a (2048, 1024) polar code, and achieve performance of a (4096, 1024) polar code when decoded jointly.
S-Adenosyl-L-Homocysteine: Simplified Enzymatical Preparation with High Yield (1982)

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) from adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (L-Hcy) in the absence of other enzymes, such adenosine deaminase, using Ado or L-Hcy as a substrate. Studies concerning the effect of substrates and enzyme concentrations with enzyme from beef liver, an inexpensive enzyme source, allowed the determination of the smallest amount of enzyme leading to total conversion to AdoHcy for the highest Ado and L-Hcy concentrations. Washing out the blood, homogenization of beef liver slices at pH 4.9 and precipitation with between 40% and 50% saturated (NH4)2SO4 eliminated contamination of tissue by blood adenosine deaminase. This enzyme preparation transforms Ado only into AdoHcy in the presence of L-Hcy. In a 1 1 final volume, an amount of enzyme preparation corresponding to at least 18.5 mg of fresh liver causes the total transformation of 60 mM Ado in the presence of 90mM L-Hcy after 40 hours incubation at 37 degrees C and pH 6.8. After purification by two crystallizations, the AdoHcy yield, based upon the Ado incubated, is about 80% of theory (1.0 g of AdoHcy per g of fresh beef liver).
Third complementarity‐determining region of mutated V<sub>H</sub> immunoglobulin genes contains shorter V, D, J, P, and N components than non‐mutated genes (2001)

The third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) of immunoglobulin variable genes for the heavy chain (VH) has been shown to be shorter in length in hypermutated antibodies than in non-hypermutated antibodies. To determine which components of CDR3 contribute to the shorter length, and if there is an effect of age on the length, we analysed 235 cDNA clones from human peripheral blood of VH6 genes rearranged to immunoglobulin M (IgM) constant genes. There was similar use of diversity (D) and joining (JH) gene segments between clones from young and old donors, and there was similar use of D segments among the mutated and non-mutated heavy chains. However, in the mutated heavy chains, there was increased use of shorter JH4 segments and decreased use of longer JH6 segments compared to the non-mutated proteins. The overall length of CDR3 did not change with age within the mutated and non-mutated categories, but was significantly shorter by three amino acids in the mutated clones compared to the non-mutated clones. Analyses of the individual components that comprise CDR3 indicated that they were all shorter in the mutated clones. Thus, there were more nucleotides deleted from the ends of VH, D, and JH gene segments, and fewer P and N nucleotides added. The results suggest that B cells bearing immunoglobulin receptors with shorter CDR3s have been selected for binding to antigen. A smaller CDR3 may allow room in the antibody binding pocket for antigen to interact with CDRs 1 and 2 as well, so that as the VDJ gene undergoes hypermutation, substitutions in all three CDRs can further contribute to the binding energy.
Challenges and novel approaches for photo resist removal and post-etch residue removal for 22 nm interconnects (2009)

The critical challenges of removal of post metal hard mask etch photo resist removal and post low-k etch residue removal are described. An overview of some new non-plasma based approaches is presented.
Lewis Base Induced Reversal of Diastereoselectivity in the Addition of Alcohols to Chiral Silylenes (2006)

The steric course of the addition of alcohol to photochemically generated chiral silylenes, (1-phenylethyl)methylsilylene and (1-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)methylsilylene, is reversed in the presence of Lewis bases. The reversal in the stereoselectivity results when the Lewis base coordinates inter-/intramolecularly to the silylene from the less hindered face, after which the addition of alcohol to the silylene takes place.
An Echo State Neural Network for QRST Cancellation During Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

A novel method for QRST cancellation during atrial fibrillation (AF) is introduced for use in recordings with two or more leads. The method is based on an echo state neural network which estimates the time-varying, nonlinear transfer function between two leads, one lead with atrial activity and another lead without, for the purpose of canceling ventricular activity. The network has different sets of weights that define the input, hidden, and output layers, of which only the output set is adapted for every new sample to be processed. The performance is evaluated on ECG signals, with simulated f-waves added, by determining the root mean square error between the true f-wave signal and the estimated signal, as well as by evaluating the dominant AF frequency. When compared to average beat subtraction (ABS), being the most widely used method for QRST cancellation, the performance is found to be significantly better with an error reduction factor of 0.24-0.43, depending on f-wave amplitude. The estimates of dominant AF frequency are considerably more accurate for all f-wave amplitudes than the AF estimates based on ABS. The novel method is particularly well suited for implementation in mobile health systems where monitoring of AF during extended time periods is of interest.
Industrial applications of piezoelectric polymer transducers (1995)

The discovery of highly active piezoelectric polymer materials was first reported in 1969. Since then an enormous amount of research work has been conducted, mainly aimed at discovering the structure and properties of these fascinating materials with the further aim of improving their piezoelectric and pyroelectric behaviour. An equally vast amount of literature devoted to applications of these polymers has appeared and even a cursory glance at all this shows that they have been applied as the basis for a wide range of devices. The subject has now reached a degree of maturity and in the nondestructive testing field, there is perhaps a 'niche market' emerging for transducers based on polyvinylidene fluoride and its derivatives. In certain areas such as miniature under water hydrophones, piezoelectric polymers have become the material of choice. This being so, it is appropriate to review the subject.
General scheme of region competition based on scale space (2001)

We propose a general scheme of region competition (GSRC) for image segmentation based on scale space. First, we present a novel classification algorithm to cluster the image feature data according to the generally defined peaks under a certain scale and a scale space-based classification scheme to classify the pixels by grouping the resultant feature data clusters into several classes with a standard classification algorithm. Next, to reduce the resultant segmentation error, we develop a nonparametric probability model from which the functional for GSRC is derived. We also design a general and formal approach to automatically determine the initial regions. Finally, we propose the kernel procedure of GSRC which segments an image by minimizing the functional. The strategy adopted by GSRC is first to label pixels whose corresponding regions can be determined in large likelihood, and then to fine-tune the final regions with the help of the nonparametric probability model, boundary smoothing, and region competition. Although the description of the scheme is nonparametric in this paper, GSRC can also work parametrically if all nonparametric procedures in this paper are substituted with the parametric counterparts.
Anaokulu Öğrencileri Ayrılık Kaygısı ölçeği (2016)

Very often we come across among the beginners of kindergarten with students troubling from adjustment disorders. One reason among others, which leads to adjustment disorders is the intense feeling of separation anxiety. This article aims at introducing a scale which may be employed in discriminating students with adjustment disorders arising from separation anxiety.
Magnetic and electric field meters developed for the US Department of Energy (1988)

This report describes work done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the Office of Energy Storage and Distribution of DOE on the measurement of power line fields. A magnetic field meter is discussed that uses fiber optics to couple a small measuring probe to a remote readout device. The use of fiber optics minimizes electric field perturbation due to the presence of the probe and provides electric isolation for the probe, so that it could be used in a high field or high voltage environment. Power to operate the sensor electronics is transferred via an optical fiber, and converted to electrical form by a small photodiode array. The fundamental, the second and third harmonics of the field are filtered and separately measured, as well as the broadband rms level of the field. The design of the meter is described in detail and data from laboratory tests are presented. The report also describes work done to improve the performance of a DC bushing in a Swedish factory, using the improved meter. The DC electric fields are measured with synchronous detection to provide field magnitude data in two component directions.
Brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) growth and condition along a winter thermal gradient in temperate streams (2016)

Winter harshness and the degree to which it can impact stream-dwelling salmonid populations has received considerable attention from fisheries biologists, although some debate exists regarding the importance of winter severity for local populations. Groundwater input may buffer stream water temperature and benefit fish in buffered versus unbuffered streams. Overwinter growth and condition of individual brown trout were measured in 24 groundwater-dominated streams, and the relations between winter growth and condition to stream thermal regime (quantified by regressions of air and water temperature) and diet quality (amount and caloric density of prey) were examined in a subset of 16 streams. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth rate (mg·g −1 ·day −1 ) was positive overwinter in 18 of 24 streams, and there was no significant change in condition between early and late winter. Juvenile fish grew faster than adults, but there was no significant difference in condition between adults and juveniles. Thermal regime positively influenced winter growth for both adults and juveniles, likely mediated through moderation of water temperature by groundwater, whereas diet had no significant effect on growth.