gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CASTLE: Architecting Assured System-on-Chip Firmware Integrity (2021)

Modern System-on-Chip (SoC) designs include a large number of embedded microcontrollers that execute custom firmware. Firmware provides the flexibility of updating security features, i.e., it enables patching or in-field update, in response to an emerging security threat, bug, or changing requirements. Unfortunately, current firmware update mechanisms are complex, manual, and error-prone. In this paper we present CASTLE, an architectural framework to enable systematic and assured updates to SoC firmware. The main workhorse of CASTLE is a centralized, dedicated IP in the SoC that is responsible for receiving, authenticating, and installing a patch. The architecture works with off-chip firmware validation flows, e.g., cloud-based service for validating a proposed patch, and identifying compatibility constraints on other resident firmware in the SoC. The result is a comprehensive infrastructure that works seamlessly across architectures, vendors, and service providers, while meeting deployment and usability requirements. We demonstrate the application of proposed framework in addressing functional and security flaws of existing firmware patching mechanisms including firmware incompatibility, inadequate authentication, and time-of-check vs. time-of-use (TOCTOU) constraints.
Mammaglobin Is Found in Breast Tissue as a Complex with BU101 (2001)

The mammaglobin gene has been shown to be preferentially expressed in breast tissue. Few genes match its specificity. Mammaglobin has generated much interest, and studies are ongoing to develop diagnostic tests for breast cancer based on the detection of mammaglobin. While searching the Incyte Genomics Lifeseq database for tissue-specific markers, we observed a second secretoglobin, BU101, also known as lipophilin B. We report here that mammaglobin, in breast tissue, is found as a complex with BU101. The complex was isolated from breast cancer tissue and was characterized as the biologically relevant form of mammaglobin.
Isotope separation of oxygen-17, oxygen-18, carbon-13, and deuterium by ion laser induced formaldehyde photopredissociation (1977)

Near ultraviolet photopredissociation of formaldehyde has been verified as a highly selective method for enrichment of the rare stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon contained in this molecule. High resolution absorption spectra of rare-isotope-substituted fomaldehyde show coincidences to within the Doppler profile with strong ion laser transitions in Xeiii at 345 nm and Neii at 332 and 338 nm. By tuning each ion laser transition with an intracavity etalon, optimum enrichment of each isotope was selected by monitoring formaldehyde fluorescence. Oxygen-18 was enriched up to ninefold using natural neon lasing at 332.374 nm, while substituting Ne-22 permitted up to ninefold O-17 enrichment and 33-fold C-13 enrichment at 332.371 nm. Use of D2CO instead of H2CO permitted 44-fold O-18 and 27-fold O-17 enrichment. Hydrogen photoproducts showed 24-fold HD enrichment at 337.822 nm, 60-fold HD enrichment at 345.426 nm, and 180-fold D2 enrichment at 332.377 nm. Single vibronic level photolysis of HDCO shows greater than 90% molecular photoproducts at wavelengths longer than 330 nm and a sudden rise to greater than 50% radical photoproducts below 320 nm. Photopredissociation of D2CO at 332 nm yields less than 1% radical photoproducts. Isotope scrambling in HDCO is about 40% at 325 nm, but drops to less than 6% at 338 nm. Isotope scrambling is 24% for both C-13 and O-18 at 332 nm. Enrichment of deuterium, carbon-13, and oxygen-18 was carried out using formaldehyde with initial isotope composition ranging from natural abundance to 50% to yield photoproduct with up to 88% isotopic purity.
Cytotoxicity of ascorbate, lipoic acid, and other antioxidants in hollow fibre in vitro tumours (2001)

Vitamin C (ascorbate) is toxic to tumour cells, and has been suggested as an adjuvant cancer treatment. Our goal was to determine if ascorbate, in combination with other antioxidants, could kill cells in the SW620 hollow fibre in vitro solid tumour model at clinically achievable concentrations. Ascorbate anti-cancer efficacy, alone or in combination with lipoic acid, vitamin K3, phenyl ascorbate, or doxorubicin, was assessed using annexin V staining and standard survival assays. 2-day treatments with 10 mM ascorbate increased the percentage of apoptotic cells in SW620 hollow fibre tumours. Lipoic acid synergistically enhanced ascorbate cytotoxicity, reducing the 2-day LC(50)in hollow fibre tumours from 34 mM to 4 mM. Lipoic acid, unlike ascorbate, was equally effective against proliferating and non-proliferating cells. Ascorbate levels in human blood plasma were measured during and after intravenous ascorbate infusions. Infusions of 60 g produced peak plasma concentrations exceeding 20 mM with an area under the curve (24 h) of 76 mM h. Thus, tumoricidal concentrations may be achievable in vivo. Ascorbate efficacy was enhanced in an additive fashion by phenyl ascorbate or vitamin K3. The effect of ascorbate on doxorubicin efficacy was concentration dependent; low doses were protective while high doses increased cell killing.
Efficient direct ethanol production from cellulose by cellulase- and cellodextrin transporter-co-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2013)

Efficient degradation of cellulosic biomass requires the synergistic action of the cellulolytic enzymes endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase. Although there are many reports describing consolidation of hydrolysis and fermentation steps using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae that express cellulolytic enzymes, the efficiency of cellulose degradation has not been sufficiently improved. Although the yeast S. cerevisiae cannot take up cellooligosaccharide, some fungi can take up and assimilate cellooligosaccharide through a cellodextrin transporter. In this study, a S. cerevisiae strain co-expressing genes for several cell surface display cellulases and the cellodextrin transporter was constructed for the purpose of improving the efficiency of direct ethanol fermentation from phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). The cellulase/cellodextrin transporter-coexpressing strain produced 1.7-fold more ethanol (4.3 g/L) from PASC during a 72-h fermentation than did a strain expressing cellulase only (2.5 g/L). Direct ethanol production from PASC by the recombinant S. cerevisiae strain was improved by co-expression of cellulase display and cellodextrin transporter genes. These results suggest that cellulase- and cellodextrin transporter-co-expressing S. cerevisiae could be a promising technology for efficient direct ethanol production from cellulose.
A Combined Yeast/Bacteria Two-hybrid System (2005)

Two-hybrid screening is a standard method used to identify and characterize protein-protein interactions and has become an integral component of many proteomic investigations. The two-hybrid system was initially developed using yeast as a host organism. However, bacterial two-hybrid systems have also become common laboratory tools and are preferred in some circumstances, although yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems have never been directly compared. We describe here the development of a unified yeast and bacterial two-hybrid system in which a single bait expression plasmid is used in both organismal milieus. We use a series of leucine zipper fusion proteins of known affinities to compare interaction detection using both systems. Although both two-hybrid systems detected interactions within a comparable range of interaction affinities, each demonstrated unique advantages. The yeast system produced quantitative readout over a greater dynamic range than that observed with bacteria. However, the phenomenon of "autoactivation" by baits was less of a problem in the bacterial system than in the yeast. Both systems identified physiological interactors for a library screen with a cI-Ras test bait; however, non-identical interactors were obtained in yeast and bacterial screens. The ability to rapidly shift between yeast and bacterial systems provided by these new reagents should provide a marked advantage for two-hybrid investigations. In addition, the modified expression vectors we describe in this report should be useful for any application requiring facile expression of a protein of interest in both yeast and bacteria.
Detection of <i>Pectinatus</i> spp. by PCR Using 16S-23S rDNA Spacer Regions (2000)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus and P. frisingensis was developed. The 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) and the spacer regions between the 16S rDNA and the 23S rDNA genes were used for the PCR reaction. The species-specific sequences in the spacer region between the 16S rDNA and the 23S rDNA genes were selected for use as PCR primers. The method developed in this study was rapid and sensitive. Furthermore, this method allowed identification at the species level, even between very closely related species, such as P. cerevisiiphilus and P. frisingensis.
Gel route preparation of low fusing dental porcelain frit (1983)

Dental porcelain frits have been prepared by the gel route, a procedure involving solubilization of alkalies, boron, rare earth, and other compounds in an alumina-silica sol. Using this procedure, porcelain frits suitable for metal-ceramic application have been prepared that fire to maturity at temperatures lower than current commercial porcelains. Solubilities, translucencies, thermal expansion coefficients, dilatometric softening temperatures, and flexure strengths are within the ranges of current commercial porcelains. The high degree of dispersion of pigments and phosphors made possible by gel route technology and the technology's ability to disperse crystalline phases to strengthen porcelain offers many processing advantages. Gel route technology also offers a great degree of freedom in modifying porcelain properties.
A high energy-density tin anode for rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (2012)

A high energy-density Sn anode capable of displaying superior operating voltages and capacity, for rechargeable Mg-ion batteries, is highlighted. The intended application and performance of the anode is confirmed by coupling it with a Mo(6)S(8) cathode in a conventional battery electrolyte.
A Symmetric Derivative of the Trimetallic Nitride Endohedral Metallofullerene, Sc<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub> (2001)

The reaction of Sc3N@C80 with 6,7-dimethoxyisochroman-3-one (13C labeled) provides the first functionalized derivative of the trimetallic nitride template (TNT) endohedral metallofullerene family. The reaction mixture is dominated by a single 13C labeled monoadduct product that was purified by HPLC. The 13C labeled monoadduct was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The proposed structure for this novel symmetric monoadduct is consistent with derivatization at the [5,6] ring juncture on the Sc3N@C80 cage.
Haptic Retargeting Video Showcase (2016)

Manipulating a virtual object with appropriate passive haptic cues provides a satisfying sense of presence in virtual reality. However, scaling such experiences to support multiple virtual objects is a challenge as each one needs to be accompanied with a precisely-located haptic proxy object. We showcase a solution that overcomes this limitation by hacking human perception. Our framework for repurposing passive haptics, called haptic retargeting, leverages the dominance of vision when our senses conflict. With haptic retargeting, a single physical prop can provide passive haptics for multiple virtual objects. We introduce three approaches for dynamically aligning physical and virtual objects: body manipulation, world manipulation and a hybrid technique which combines both world and body warping. This video accompanies our CHI paper.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Halo Derivatives. Part 6. Microbiological and Chemical Evaluations of 3‐Chloro‐2‐oxazolidinones. (1977)

Abstract Die antimikrobielle Aktivität der N‐Chlor‐Derivate (I), (II), (III) und (IV) wird verglichen.
Stylus tip positioning technique (1982)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation John A. van Raalte, David W. Fairbanks; Stylus tip positioning technique. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 December 1982; 72 (6): 2059. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.388536 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Identification of Additional Antigenic Sites on Dane Particles and the Tubular Forms of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (1976)

SUMMARY Additional antigenic sites, distinct from those present on spherical 20 nm diam. particles of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), are exposed on the surface of Dane particles and tubular forms of HBsAg. The immunological relationship of these sites to e-antigen, an antigen detected earlier in HBsAg-positive sera from patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or acute hepatitis but not in healthy HBsAg-carriers, was established by immune electron microscopy and affinity chromatography. These findings suggest that e-antigen may be potentially useful in active immunization against hepatitis B.
Gain-tailored SBS suppressing photonic crystal fibers for high power applications (2012)

We present experimental studies of PM Yb-doped photonic crystal fibers possessing acoustic and Yb-ion concentration tailoring. In the initial design, the concentration of dopants in two regions of the core were selected such that the corresponding Brillouin shifts were sufficiently separated to allow for further stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression through thermal effects. The Yb-ion concentration was maintained uniformly throughout the entire core. When this fiber was utilized in a counter-pumped amplifier configuration, ~500 W of single-frequency (kHz linewidth) output was obtained in a 10 m long fiber. Further power scaling with good beam quality beyond 500 W was limited by modal instabilities. A second fiber design was developed in which the Yb-ion concentration was modified to have preferential overlap with the fundamental mode as well as reduced pump absorption. The onset of the modal instabilities was sufficiently suppressed to allow for an output of 990 W with a nominal linewidth of 300 MHz and good beam quality.
<title>Design and fabrication of reflective nematic displays with only one polarizer</title> (1997)

Reflective LCDs (RLCDs) have high brightness and are free from viewing parallax. They also cost less materials to construct and are compatible with existing manufacturing and driving practices. In this paper, a parameter space description of RLCD as a function of polarizer angle, liquid crystal twist angle and birefringence is discussed. It is shown that all published RLCD modes can be depicted in this parameter space, including the twisted-nematic-electrically controlled birefringence (TN-ECB) modes, the hybrid field effect (HFE) mode, the mixed-mode TN (MTN), and the self-compensated TN (SCTN) mode. Additionally we show several new RLCD modes, including the reflective TN (RTN) and the reflective STN (RSTN) which can be obtained from searching the parameter space systematically. All RLCD modes are related by a variation of the 3 LCD parameters. The RTN and RSTN modes have applications to both direct view and projection display systems. Sample RTN and RSTN displays were fabricated. Experimental results show good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Reduction of seizures by transplantation of cortical GABAergic interneuron precursors into Kv1.1 mutant mice (2009)

Epilepsy, a disease characterized by abnormal brain activity, is a disabling and potentially life-threatening condition for nearly 1% of the world population. Unfortunately, modulation of brain excitability using available antiepileptic drugs can have serious side effects, especially in the developing brain, and some patients can only be improved by surgical removal of brain regions containing the seizure focus. Here, we show that bilateral transplantation of precursor cells from the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) into early postnatal neocortex generates mature GABAergic interneurons in the host brain. In mice receiving MGE cell grafts, GABA-mediated synaptic and extrasynaptic inhibition onto host brain pyramidal neurons is significantly increased. Bilateral MGE cell grafts in epileptic mice lacking a Shaker-like potassium channel (a gene mutated in one form of human epilepsy) resulted in significant reductions in the duration and frequency of spontaneous electrographic seizures. Our findings suggest that MGE-derived interneurons could be used to ameliorate abnormal excitability and possibly act as an effective strategy in the treatment of epilepsy.
On efficient multiplier-free implementation of channel estimation and equalization (2002)

In state-of-the-art digital communication systems, channel estimation and/or equalization is an indispensable part of the system. Due to limited resources, only relatively simple algorithms with low complexity can be applied for channel estimation and equalization in high data-rate systems. In fact, the complexity of these algorithms can become prohibitive for very high bit-rate applications, for example, several 100 Msymbols-per-second. We explore the signal constellation structure of practical digital communication systems and describe an efficient computation technique that not only eliminates multiplications but also minimizes the number of addition operations required to implement channel estimation algorithms such as the least mean squares (LMS) estimation and equalization algorithms such as the maximum likelihood (ML) sequence detection using the Viterbi algorithm. This new technique preserves the numerical precision of the algorithms while it reduces their complexity dramatically.
3D myocardial tissue tracking with slice followed cine DENSE MRI (2008)

Slice followed cine DENSE provides an accurate method for 3D tissue tracking.
3D path planning and extension for endoscopic guidance (2007)

Physicians use endoscopic procedures to diagnose and treat a variety of medical conditions. For example, bronchoscopy is often performed to diagnose lung cancer. The current practice for planning endoscopic procedures requires the physician to manually scroll through the slices of a three-dimensional (3D) medical image. When doing this scrolling, the physician must perform 3D mental reconstruction of the endoscopic route to reach a specific diagnostic region of interest (ROI). Unfortunately, in the case of complex branching structures such as the airway tree, ROIs are often situated several generations away from the organ's origin. Existing image-analysis methods can help define possible endoscopic navigation paths, but they do not provide specific routes for reaching a given ROI. We have developed an automated method to find a specific route to reach an ROI. Given a 3D medical image, our method takes as inputs: (1) pre-defined ROIs; (2) a segmentation of the branching organ through which the endoscopic device will navigate; and (3) centerlines (paths) through the segmented organ. We use existing methods for branching-organ segmentation and centerline extraction. Our method then (1) identifies the closest paths (routes) to the ROI; and (2) if necessary, performs a directed search for the organ of interest, extending the existing paths to complete a route. Results from human 3D computed tomography chest images illustrate the efficacy of the method.
Progress in the development of large-area modular 64/spl times/64 CdZnTe imaging arrays for nuclear medicine (1998)

Previous efforts by our group have demonstrated the potential of hybrid semiconductor detector arrays for use in gamma-ray imaging applications. In this paper, we describe progress in the development of a prototype imaging system consisting of a 64/spl times/64-pixel CdZnTe detector array mated to a multiplexer readout circuit that was custom designed for our nuclear medicine application. The detector array consists of a 0.15 cm thick slab of CdZnTe which has a 64/spl times/64 array of 380 /spl mu/m square pixel electrodes on one side produced by photolithography; the other side has a continuous electrode biased at -150 V. Electrical connections between the detector electrodes and corresponding multiplexer bump pads are made with indium bump bonds. Although the CdZnTe detector arrays characterized in this paper are room-temperature devices, a slight amount of cooling is necessary to reduce thermally generated dark current in the detectors. Initial tests show that this prototype imager functions well with more than 90% of its pixels operating. The device is an excellent imager; phantom images have a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm, limited by the collimator bore.
Performance of a continuous real-time qt interval monitoring algorithm for the critical-care setting (2006)

We developed an automated continuous real-time QTc interval monitoring algorithm for the critical-care setting. The performance of the QT interval measurement algorithm was tested on the PhysioNet adult QT ECG dataset (n=105), and on a pediatric ECG dataset (n=20) and a neonatal dataset (n = 24) recorded from intensive care units. The algorithm performance is measured by sensitivity (the ability to measure the QT interval), and accuracy (the difference between the automated QT measurements and cardiologists’ manual annotations). We obtained 92% sensitivity in the adult group, 85% in the pediatric group and 75% in the neonatal group. On the 95 adult cases which had both an algorithm and a cardiologist measurement, the mean difference was 1 ms with a standard deviation of 35 ms. On the pediatric ECGs, the mean difference was −12 ms with a standard deviation of 20 ms. In the neonatal cases, the mean difference was -6 ms with a standard deviation of 12 ms.
Deconstruction of Lignin Model Compounds and Biomass-Derived Lignin using Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts (2013)

Lignin is an underutilized value stream in current biomass conversion technologies because there exist no economic and technically feasible routes for lignin depolymerization and upgrading. Base-catalyzed deconstruction (BCD) has been applied for lignin depolymerization (e.g., the Kraft process) in the pulp and paper industry for more than a century using aqueous-phase media. However, these efforts require treatment to neutralize the resulting streams, which adds significantly to the cost of lignin deconstruction. To circumvent the need for downstream treatment, here we report recent advances in the synthesis of layered double hydroxide and metal oxide catalysts to be applied to the BCD of lignin. These catalysts may prove more cost-effective than liquid-phase, non-recyclable base, and their use obviates downstream processing steps such as neutralization. Synthetic procedures for various transition-metal containing catalysts, detailed kinetics measurements using lignin model compounds, and results of the application of these catalysts to biomass-derived lignin will be presented.