gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 4'-ethynyl-purine nucleosides possessing anti-HIV activity (2000)

Searching for more effective anti-HIV agents, we have prepared 4'-ethynyl-purine nucleosides. They were derived in several steps from 4-C-triethylsilylethynyl ribose, which was used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleosides. The adenine derivative exhibited significant anti-HIV activity and favorable cytotoxicity profile in vitro.
Review of passive wireless sensors utilizing the intermodulation communication (2014)

This paper reviews different kinds of passive wireless sensors utilizing the intermodulation communication principle. The reviewed sensor architectures are based either on a mechanical resonator, electrically non-linear sensing element, or on a separate mixer, low-frequency resonance circuit and a sensing element. The benefits and drawbacks of different architectures are compared and some experimental measurement results are presented.
Holographic system for figure sensing of large primary mirrors (1982)

Large deformable mirrors, such as those envisioned for advanced space telescopes and the space laser program, will require a method for actively sensing the mirror figure while it is in use. Figure sensing is usually done at the center of curvature of the mirror; placing an interferometer at this point requires extending the telescope structure by many meters, which is not desirable because it introduces additional structural and packaging problems. There have been a variety of schemes presented in the past for figure sensing near the focal plane of the mirror. Of these schemes, the full aperture holographic zone plate studied by Erickson 1 is particularly attractive, since it provides full aperture phase information and does not require modifications of the mirror other than to the coating.
Microscale cell manipulation by using photodegradable hydrogel (2014)

In this work, we present a novel photocleavable crosslinker to form photodegradable hydrogel through one step reaction by mixing with biocompatible polymers containing amino moieties (amino-terminated tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) or gelatin). Our new photocleavable crosslinker can be utilized as potentially versatile and convenient material to prepare photodegradable hydrogels with amino terminated biocompatible polymers. We present a couple of cell manipulation technique using the photodegradable hydrogels prepared with our photocleavable crosslinker.
Biodegradation of petroleum in seawater at low temperatures (1972)

To evaluate the significance of biodegradation in the removal of polluting oil from cold oceans, freshly collected seawater samples were treated with petroleum and were incubated at controlled temperatures between 5 and 20 °C. Biodegradation was monitored by the measurement of CO 2 evolution and by quantitative gas chromatographic analysis. Low water temperatures not only resulted in slower degradation rates, but caused increasing lag periods that preceded the onset of measurable biodegradation. A substantial portion of these lag periods was eliminated when, instead of fresh petroleum, a "weathered" sample was used. The results suggest that some volatile components of petroleum that are inhibitory to oil-degrading microorganisms evaporate only very slowly at low temperatures, and thus retard biodegradation.
Generation and external validation of a tumor‐derived 5‐gene prognostic signature for recurrence of lymph node‐negative, invasive colorectal carcinoma (2012)

To the authors' knowledge, the 5-gene rule (OncoDefender-CRC) is the first molecular prognostic that has been validated in both stage I CRC and stage II colon cancer. It outperforms standard clinicopathologic prognostic criteria and obviates the need to retrieve ≥12 lymph nodes for accurate prognostication. It identifies those patients most likely to develop recurrent disease within 3 years after curative surgery and, thus, those most likely to benefit from adjuvant treatment.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes: Improvement in Accuracy by Correcting for Background Current (2010)

Compared to no correction, a correction for the estimated background current of a commercially available glucose sensor led to greater accuracy and better detection of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The accuracy-optimizing scheme presented here can be implemented in real time.
Simultaneous multi-topology multi-objective sizing across thousands of analog circuit topologies (2007)

This paper presents MOJITO, a system which optimizes across thousands of analog circuit topologies simultaneously, and returns a set of sized topologies that collectively provide a performance tradeoff.MOJITO defines a space of possible topologies as a hierarchically organized combination of trusted analog building blocks.To minimize the setup burden: no topology selection rules or abstract behaviors need to be specified, and performance calculations are SPICE-based.The search algorithm is a novel multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that uses an age-layered population structure to balance exploration vs. exploitation.Results are shown for a space having 3528 one-and two-stage operational amplifier topologies.
High-Quality 10 /s Amorphous Silicon Germanium Alloy Solar Cells by Hot-Wire CVD: Preprint (2001)

Presented at the 2001 NCPV Program Review Meeting: High-quality high-deposition-rate (10 angstrom/s) a-SiGe:H alloy solar cells have been made by hot-wire chemical-vapor deposition. High-quality high-deposition-rate (10 {angstrom}/s) amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe:H) alloy solar cells have been made by hot-wire chemical-vapor deposition (HWCVD). HW a-SiGe:H alloys are evaluated in the SS/n-i-p/ITO solar cell configuration, where the n- and i-layers are deposited by HWCVD at NREL and the p-layer by conventional glow discharge in a separate reactor by United Solar. Effects of Ge concentration, hydrogen dilution, substrate temperature, and step-wise bandgap profile in the i-layer have been studied and optimized. The best cell has an average optical bandgap of 1.6 eV with a low H-dilution at 250 C and a 3-stepwise bandgap profile where the narrowest bandgap is near the p-i interface. The best initial power output has exceeded 4 mW/cm{sup 2} under AM 1.5 illumination with a {lambda}>530-nm filter. When combining with a USSC a-Si:H top solar cell, the best double-junction solar cell exhibits an initial 11.7% active-area efficiency, and a 9.6% stable efficiency after 1000 hours of one-sun light soaking.
Plant elicitor peptides are conserved signals regulating direct and indirect antiherbivore defense (2013)

Insect-induced defenses occur in nearly all plants and are regulated by conserved signaling pathways. As the first described plant peptide signal, systemin regulates antiherbivore defenses in the Solanaceae, but in other plant families, peptides with analogous activity have remained elusive. In the current study, we demonstrate that a member of the maize (Zea mays) plant elicitor peptide (Pep) family, ZmPep3, regulates responses against herbivores. Consistent with being a signal, expression of the ZmPROPEP3 precursor gene is rapidly induced by Spodoptera exigua oral secretions. At concentrations starting at 5 pmol per leaf, ZmPep3 stimulates production of jasmonic acid, ethylene, and increased expression of genes encoding proteins associated with herbivory defense. These include proteinase inhibitors and biosynthetic enzymes for production of volatile terpenes and benzoxazinoids. In accordance with gene expression data, plants treated with ZmPep3 emit volatiles similar to those from plants subjected to herbivory. ZmPep3-treated plants also exhibit induced accumulation of the benzoxazinoid phytoalexin 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside. Direct and indirect defenses induced by ZmPep3 contribute to resistance against S. exigua through significant reduction of larval growth and attraction of Cotesia marginiventris parasitoids. ZmPep3 activity is specific to Poaceous species; however, peptides derived from PROPEP orthologs identified in Solanaceous and Fabaceous plants also induce herbivory-associated volatiles in their respective species. These studies demonstrate that Peps are conserved signals across diverse plant families regulating antiherbivore defenses and are likely to be the missing functional homologs of systemin outside of the Solanaceae.
Research and Development of the Super High Energy Products Magnet. (1994)

For a further improvement to achieve extremely high magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet, extensive investigation has been done. In order to improve the residual flux density (Br) of this magnet, it is very important to increase the amount of Nd2Fe14B(T1) matrix phase up to 95% with keeping the amount of the Nd1.1Fe4B4 (T2) and Nd-rich phases, which generate the liquid phase in the sintering process, as low as posible and to densify the magnet up to the theoretical value by the liquid phase sintering. Also, in order to increase the value of intrinsic coercivity(iHc) without any additives which decrease the saturated magnetization of R2Fe14B intermetallic compound, it is an essential key technology to control the particle size and its distribution to be fine and uniform. Furthermore, for obtaining the super high energy magnet, it is a fundamental technology to realize the excellent alignment of T1 grains. As a result of these investigation on controlling the chemical composition and the microstructure of this magnet, we have succeeded in obtaining the super high energy products magnet having Br=1.495T(14.95kG), (BH)max=431 kJ/m3 (54.2MGOe), iHc=845kA/m(10.62kOe).
Mechanical Behavior of Several Hybrid Ceramic‐Matrix‐Composite Laminates (1996)

Several different hybrid laminated composites comprised of alternating layers of dense ceramic sheets (either SiC or Si 3 N 4 ) and fiber‐reinforced ceramic‐matrix‐composite (CMC) layers (Nicalon fibers with either glass or glass‐ceramic matrices) have been fabricated and characterized. The effects of the reinforcement architecture (unidirectional vs cross‐ply) and the relative volume fractions of the phases on the tensile and flexural properties have been examined. Comparisons have been made with the properties of the constituent layers. Rudimentary models have been developed to describe the onset of cracking and for the minimum volume fraction of CMC required to develop multiple cracks and thus obtain a high failure strain.
Regrowth-free waveguide-integrated photodetector with efficient total-internal-reflection coupling (1993)

A novel technique utilizing an etched total-internal-reflection mirror for vertical waveguide-to-photodetector coupling is described. An 83% quantum efficiency and 5-GHz bandwidth are achieved at lambda =0.84 mu in a GaAs MSM photodetector illuminated by a low-loss (0.5 dB/cm) AlGaAs double-heterostructure (DH) waveguide. A significant advantage of total-internal-reflection coupling is its compatibility with the integration of low-loss active DH waveguide components without requiring epitaxial regrowth. This coupling technique is independent of both optical wavelength and polarization, and permits efficient waveguide coupling to extremely small-area photodetectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High resolution musical note oscillator and instrument that includes the note oscillator (1985)

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Modified Cellulose Products by Bleaching and Its Uses — A Preliminary Study (1985)

Abstract The reaction of cellulose with hypochlorite at high and low pH was studied, but no apparent use of the resulting product is known. The method outlined here involves treatment of cellulose materials with appropriate amounts of hypochlorite at low pH, resulting in a chemically modified cellulose, which is suitable as a carrier vehicle for a wide variety of active cosmetic, personal care products, and possibly as a food additive.
A generalized fluid system simulation program to model flow distribution in fluid networks (1997)

This paper describes a general purpose computer program for analyzing steady state and transient flow in a complex network. The program is capable of modeling phase changes, compressibility, mixture thermodynamics and external body forces such as gravity and centrifugal. The program's preprocessor allows the user to interactively develop a network simulation consisting of nodes and branches. Mass, energy and specie conservation equations are solved at the nodes; the momentum conservation equations are solved in the branches. The program contains subroutines for computing real fluid thermodynamic and thermophysical properties for 33 fluids. The fluids are: helium, methane, neon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, fluorine, hydrogen, parahydrogen, water, kerosene (RP-1), isobutane, butane, deuterium, ethane, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, krypton, propane, xenon, R-11, R-12, R-22, R-32, R-123, R-124, R-125, R-134A, R-152A, nitrogen trifluoride and ammonia. The program also provides the options of using any incompressible with constant density and viscosity or ideal gas. Seventeen different resistance/source options are provided for modeling momentum sources or sinks in the branches. These options include: pipe flow, flow through a restriction, non-circular duct, pipe flow with entrance and/or exit losses, thin sharp orifice, thick orifice, square edge reduction, square edge expansion, rotating annular duct, rotating radial duct, labyrinth seal, parallel plates, common fittings and valves, pump characteristics, pump power, valve with a given loss coefficient, and a Joule-Thompson device. The system of equations describing the network is solved by a hybrid numerical method that is a combination of the Newton-Raphson and successive substitution methods. This paper also illustrates the application and verification of the code by comparison with Hardy Cross method for steady state flow and analytical solution for unsteady flow.
Low-temperature nanoredox two-step sintering of gelatin nanoskin-stabilized submicrometer-sized copper fine particles for preparing highly conductive layers (2015)

A conductive paste was prepared with submicrometer-sized copper fine particles that were coated by a gelatin nanoskin.
Real-time, time–frequency mapping of event-related cortical activation (2012)

Functional mapping of eloquent cortex is a common and necessary component of neurosurgical operative planning. Current electrical stimulation-based techniques are inefficient, can evoke seizures and are prone to false-negative results. Here, we present a novel cortical mapping system that extracts event-related neural activity from passive electrocorticographic recordings to quickly and accurately localize sensory and motor cortices using the precise temporal properties of spectral alteration. This procedure generates a robust functional motor and sensory cortical map in seconds, and usually with less than five to ten trial events. Our algorithm demonstrates high concordance with results derived using independent electrical cortical stimulation mapping.
<title>Image restoration and diffusion processes</title> (1993)

A new supplementary a-priori constraint, the slow evolution from the boundary constraint, (SEB), sharply reduces noise contamination in a large class of space-invariant image deblurring problems that occur in medical, industrial, surveillance, environmental, and astronomical application. The noise suppressing properties of SEB restoration can be proved mathematically, on the basis of rigorous error bounds for the reconstruction, as a function of the noise level in the blurred image data. This analysis proceeds by reformulating the image deblurring problem into an equivalent ill-posed problem for a time-reversed diffusion equation. The SEB constraint does not require smoothness of the image. An effective, fast, non-iterative procedure, based on FFT algorithms, may be used to compute SEB restorations. For a 512 X 512 image, the procedure requires about 45 seconds of cpu time on a Sun/sparc2. A documented deblurring experiment, on an image with significant high frequency content, illustrates the computational significance of the SEB constraint by comparing SEB and Tikhonov-Miller reconstructions using optimal values of the regularization parameters.
A Protocol Test Generation Procedure. (1988)

Abstract A procedure presented here generates test sequences for checking the conformity of an implementation to the control portion of a protocol specification, which is modeled as a deterministic finite-state machine (FSM). A test sequence generated by the procedure given here tours all state transitions and uses a unique signature for each state, called the Unique Input/Output (UIO) sequence. A UIO sequence for a state is an input/output behavior that is not exhibited by any other state. An algorithm is presented for generating a minimum-length UIO sequence, should it exist, for a given state. UIO sequences may not exist for some states.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY TO PREVENT DEVIATION FROM AN INTENDED LANE WHILE TURNING USING VEHICLE DYNAMICS CONTROL (2003)

Active safety technology will become increasingly important in preventing collisions in the future. The possibility of accidents occurring due to instability in vehicle dynamics leading to deviation from the lane is particularly high when a vehicle enters a corner too fast or is on an icy or snow-covered road, or makes a sudden manoeuvre to avoid collision with an obstacle during a turn. A method of minimizing deviation through optimal control of moment and velocity and then utilizing four-wheel slip control based on estimates of vehicle dynamics is described. First, this project studied a system to control deviation from the intended course by providing accurate, real time estimates and control of four-wheel tire gripping forces based on estimates of vehicle dynamics parameters and the road friction coefficient. The method of the vehicle dynamics control utilized in this system was VSA (Vehicle Stability Assist). Next, the project studied a method of providing comprehensive control. This method utilizes information from the vehicle's navigation system to quantitatively predict the form of a corner before the vehicle enters it. This data is then utilized in combination with VSA to further minimize deviation from the lane. These two systems were fitted in a test vehicle and tested on snow-covered road surfaces. The results of these tests clearly demonstrate that this system reduces the incidence of deviation from the lane and will therefore be effective in reducing the number of accidents. For the covering abstract see ITRD E825082.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Antifungal Agents. In vitro Activity of Novel cis‐5‐Alkoxy‐(or Acyloxy)alkyl‐3‐phenyl‐3‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)‐2‐methylisoxazolidine Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract 1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the nitrone (I) with the ω‐hydroxyalkenes (II) yields the isoxazolidines (III) of which (IIIa) is converted to various O‐substituted derivatives such as (VIIa) ‐ (VIIc) via etherification or esterification processes followed by chromatographic work‐up.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 in China (2001)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 is responsible for 7% of affected families in the Chinese population. A correlation between the prevalence of SCA1 and the number of CAT interruptions in the trinucleotide chain suggests that a CAT-to-CAG substitution may have been the initial event contributing to the generation of expanded alleles and influencing relative prevalence of SCA1.
Phthalonitrile‐based conductive polymer (1987)

Abstract An aromatic, diether‐linked phthalonitrile resin, prepared from 4,4′‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl, can be converted into an environmentally stable, highly conductive material by thermal means. The conductivity of the pyrolyzed polymer can be varied and controlled as a function of both the pyrolytic temperature and annealing time. This allows the generation of a range of electrical behavior from an insulator to semiconductor and approaching metallic regions.
Recherche de télomères à activité pharmacologique potentielle, 2. Télomères de l'acide acrylique et greffage de composés hydroxylés (1981)

Abstract Several telomers of acrylic acid with carbone tetrachloride were prepared. Their average degree of polymerization, which was between 10 and 50, was determined by several analytical methods (elemental analysis, viscosimetry, and GPC). From the kinetic equations of telomerization a relation between DP n of these telomers and the experimental conditions is established. Fixation of hydroxylic compounds through direct esterification was studied and it was found that the prepared telomers can be used as hydrosoluble carriers for drugs containing primary alcohol or phenol functions.
Practical coding for QAM transmission of HDTV (1993)

It is demonstrated how modulation schemes based on QPSK can be directly incorporated into QAM-based systems. It is argued that this leads directly to an easily implementable structure that is both efficient in bandwidth and data reliability. It is contended that the correct solution to the concatenated coding problem for HDTV transmission is to simply extend the modulation codes developed for QPSK-to-QAM modulation. In nonconcatenated situations, a trellis code based on a binary code at rate 2/3 is usually best. However, this is not the case for higher error rates at the output of the trellis decoder (e.g., when a symbol error correcting decoder follows as a concatenated code). The reason for this follows from an analysis of the effect of the number of nearest neighbors on the error rate. A four-way partition of QAM is a natural extension of QPSK modulation; it is a simple matter to incorporate any good QPSK code into a trellis coding scheme for QAM modulation. A concatenated coding scheme based on QPSK trellis codes and symbol error correcting coding is proposed. An example is presented to show the advantages of this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New opioid peptides, peptidomimetics, and heterocyclic compounds from combinatorial libraries (1999)

Here we review the use of combinatorial libraries in opioid receptor assays. Following a brief description of the history of the combinatorial field, methods for the generation of synthetic libraries and the deconvolution of mixture-based libraries are presented. Case studies involving opioid assays used to demonstrate the viability of combinatorial libraries are described. The identification of new opioid peptides from combinatorial libraries is reviewed. The peptides found are composed of L-amino acids, D-amino acids, or L-, D-, and unnatural amino acids, and range from tetrapeptides to decapeptides. Likewise, new opioid compounds identified from peptidomimetic libraries, such as peptoids and alkylated dipeptides, and those identified from acyclic (e.g., polyamine, urea) and heterocyclic (e.g., bicyclic guanidine) libraries, are reviewed.
Direct photoionization pumping of high gain VUV, UV and visible inversions in helium, cadmium and argon via two-electron (shakeup) and of sodium via the output from the LLNL soft-x-ray laser (1986)

Picosecond two‐electron (shakeup) photoionization due to the soft‐x‐ray flux from a laser‐produced plasma has been used to produce 1.3 cm−1 gain in He+ on the H‐like 3−2 transition at 164.0 nm, 0.25 cm−1 gain in Cd+ on the 4d9 5s6s−4d9 5s5p transition at 205.5 nm and 0.9 cm−1 gain in Ar+ on the 3p4 4p−3p4 4s transitions at 427.7 and 476.5 nm. These results, when taken together with the earlier demonstrations of gain in Cd1 and Zn2 via one‐electron photoionization, suggest that it should be possible to produce gain in Na on the 2p5 3s−2p6 transition at 37.2 nm by photoionization sodium vapor with the 20.6 and 20.9 nm outputs from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory soft‐x‐ray laser.