gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological properties of streptonigrin derivatives. II. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity. (1986)

Antitumor antibiotic streptonigrin (STN-COOH) is a potent inhibitor of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptases. The carboxyl group at 2'-position of STN-COOH was modified to give esters, hydrazide, amides and amino acid derivatives for biological studies. Against AMV reverse transcriptase, the hydrazide, amides and amino acid derivatives showed inhibitory activity, which compared favorably to that of STN-COOH, with the ID50 values ranging 2-8 μg/ml. In contrast, the esters lacked this activity except for those having a dimethylamino group in the substituent. Splenomegaly caused by Friend leukemia virus infection was significantly inhibited by STN-COOH and STN-COO(CH2)3N(CH3)2, but not STN-CONH(CH2)3N(CH3)2. Doxorubicin-resistant murine lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells showed collateral sensitivity to both STN-COOH and STN-COO(CH2)3N(CH3)2 not only in vitro but also in vivo.
Comparing the Accuracy and Explainability of Dividend, Free Cash Flow, and Abnormal Earnings Equity Value Estimates (2000)

Jennifer Francis, Per Olsson, Dennis R. Oswald, Comparing the Accuracy and Explainability of Dividend, Free Cash Flow, and Abnormal Earnings Equity Value Estimates, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Spring, 2000), pp. 45-70
Conditional <i>Dicer</i> Gene Deletion in the Postnatal Myocardium Provokes Spontaneous Cardiac Remodeling (2008)

Overall, these results indicate that modifications in miRNA biogenesis affect both juvenile and adult myocardial morphology and function.
Principle and Algorithm for Tomography-Based 3-D Anisotropic Elastography (2004)

Pathological changes often alter the elastic properties of the tissues and organs. To quantify the biomedical material properties and assist diagnosis of cancerous tumors, elastography has been developed to quantitatively visualize distribution of the elastic modulus in biological media, incorporating measurements of displacement and force.
Space Invariant Independent Component Analysis and ENose for Detection of Selective Chemicals in an Unknown Environment (2007)

In this paper, we present a space invariant architecture to enable the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to solve chemical detection from two unknown mixing chemical sources. The two sets of unknown paired mixture sources are collected via JPL 16-ENose sensor array in the unknown environment with, at most, 12 samples data collected. Our space invariant architecture along with the maximum entropy information technique by Bell and Sejnowski and natural gradient descent by Amari has demonstrated that it is effective to separate the two mixing unknown chemical sources with unknown mixing levels to the array of two original sources under insufficient sampled data. From separated sources, they can be identified by projecting them on the 11 known chemical sources to find the best match for detection. We also present the results of our simulations. These simulations have shown that 100% correct detection could be achieved under the two cases: a) under-completed case where the number of input (mixtures) is larger than number of original chemical sources; and b) regular case where the number of input is as the same as the number of sources while the time invariant architecture approach may face the obstacles: overcomplete case, insufficient data and cumbersome architecture.
Design and evaluation of locked nucleic acid-based splice-switching oligonucleotides<i>in vitro</i> (2014)

Antisense-mediated modulation of pre-mRNA splicing is an attractive therapeutic strategy for genetic diseases. Currently, there are few examples of modulation of pre-mRNA splicing using locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides, and, in particular, no systematic study has addressed the optimal design of LNA-based splice-switching oligonucleotides (LNA SSOs). Here, we designed a series of LNA SSOs complementary to the human dystrophin exon 58 sequence and evaluated their ability to induce exon skipping in vitro using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrated that the number of LNAs in the SSO sequence and the melting temperature of the SSOs play important roles in inducing exon skipping and seem to be key factors for designing efficient LNA SSOs. LNA SSO length was an important determinant of activity: a 13-mer with six LNA modifications had the highest efficacy, and a 7-mer was the minimal length required to induce exon skipping. Evaluation of exon skipping activity using mismatched LNA/DNA mixmers revealed that 9-mer LNA SSO allowed a better mismatch discrimination. LNA SSOs also induced exon skipping of endogenous human dystrophin in primary human skeletal muscle cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that LNA SSOs are powerful tools for modulating pre-mRNA splicing.
Cyber assist project for situated human support (2002)

This paper introduces some of the projects conducted at the Advanced Institute of Science in Japan strongly related to the field of distributed multimedia systems. Among several national strategies of AIST, a main target is to create technologies that contribute to make society keep up with this information age so that people will feel safe to live. At the same time, we are cultivating a new industrial field. Specifically, we research and develop a human-centered information support system that is safe and easy to use for anyone. To combine device design, information sensor networks and intellectual agents organically, and to review them thoroughly, including it’s information communication infrastructure. Our aim is to make a center, which is able to dispatch this new image of research to all over the world.
Local hyperthermia improves uptake of a chimeric monoclonal antibody in a subcutaneous xenograft model. (1997)

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of local hyperthermia on the tissue distribution of a chimeric human/mouse IgG2 monoclonal antibody, 81C6, reactive with the extracellular matrix protein tenascin, which is expressed at high levels in gliomas, carcinomas of the breast and prostate, and other neoplasms. The D-54 MG s.c. glioma xenograft was treated with hyperthermia by immersion of the tumor-bearing leg in a circulating water bath. By 4 h after injection (immediately after heating), administration of chimeric 125I-labeled 81C6 (ch81C6) concomitantly with a 4-h local hyperthermia treatment at 41.8 degreesC resulted in an increase in tumor uptake of monoclonal antibody from a median of 12% of injected dose/g of tumor in normothermic mice to 42% of injected dose/g in mice receiving local hyperthermia. The increased level of uptake persisted in the heated tumors over the first 48 h and at 96 h. Additionally, heating increased the tumor:blood ratio of ch81C6 more than 7-fold at 4 h postinjection. The rate of uptake was also dramatically improved, with 60 and 90% of the maximum level of uptake achieved by 4 and 24 h, respectively, in the hyperthermia-treated mice, whereas the normothermic mice reached only 31 and 69% of their maximum uptake at those time points. In summary, local hyperthermia enhanced the absolute level and the rate of tumor uptake as well as tumor:normal tissue ratios for ch81C6. This approach may facilitate the clinical application of radionuclides with shorter half-lives, such as 211At, for the therapy of solid malignancies.
School restructuring and downsizing: using TQM to promote costeffectiveness (1995)

Examines an alternative to downsizing in the restructuring of organizations. Suggests that the restructuring and downsizing of staff often result from economic inefficiency. They are used to make immediate financial savings and to keep floundering organizations solvent. Such practices seldom produce sustained results. New financial difficulties soon arise because the root of the problem is not addressed – poor management practices.
The tylenchid (Nematoda) egg shell: structure, composition and permeability (1976)

Summary The fine structure of egg shells of four different genera belonging to the order Tylenchida has been examined. The species examined were Meloidogyne javanica, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Pratylenchus minyus . They are all similar in their basic structure, being composed of vitelline membrane, chitin and lipid layers, but there is considerable variability in the thickness of these layers. We have retained the conventional nomenclature because of its convenience, but it is clear that these layers have a variety of chemical components. However, they do appear to contain the compounds from which they take their name. Thus chitin occurs in the chitin layer, and lipid in the lipid layer. The latter is removed by the technique used in isolating the shell from the egg. Chemical analysis of the hydrolysis products of these shells has revealed a high (35 %) proline content which appears to be a characteristic of those nematode egg shells which have been examined so far. These analyses and treatment with enzymes indicate that the chitin layer is a chitin–protein complex. Experiments on the permeability of eggs of M. javanica at different temperatures indicate that changes in permeability are not due to the melting of a single lipid with a distinct melting point as had been thought in the past. We have found that Arrhenius activation energies calculated from the two slopes of an Arrhenius plot were 17·8 kcal/mol and 43·0 kcal/mol respectively, the transition from one to the other taking place at 62°C. We think that these changes are due to changes in the properties of lipoprotein membranes in the lipid layer. These membranes appear to be of paramount importance in controlling the permeability of the nematode egg shell.
Desulfurization and denitrogenation of gasoline and diesel fuels by means of ionic liquids (2011)

Ionic liquids can extract mono- and poly-aromatic sulfur and nitrogen compounds from gasoline and diesel and they perform better than conventional solvents. The extraction capacity of several ionic liquids for these heterocyclic compounds is determined and compared to the extraction capacity for aromatic hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the experimental results obtained are evaluated in view of the results reported in literature. It is shown that the ionic liquids investigated in this work are able to extract sulfur as well as nitrogen-containing aromatics in preference to aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, the ionic liquids [3-mebupy]N(CN)2, [4-mebupy]N(CN)2 and [bmim]C(CN)3 are superior to sulfolane, which has been used as a benchmark and also outperform the ionic liquids reported in literature so far. Finally, it has been shown that nitrogen-containing hetero-aromatics are significantly better extracted than sulfur-containing hetero-aromatics.
An approach to identifying geographic interdependencies among critical infrastructures (2009)

Interdependencies among Critical Infrastructures (CIs) are the basis for domino effects that may have serious consequences for society. Especially in urban areas, the high density of these infrastructures and their geographic proximity may result in failures due to geographic interdependencies, one of the four types of interdependencies that exist among CIs. Studying the issue of geographic interdependencies raises a specific problem that must be addressed. Such a study necessarily requires information on the location of system infrastructures in order to determine their proximity. Access to this kind of information is one of the major difficulties associated with the study of geographic interdependencies. Because this kind of information is confidential, systems are not willing to share it. This article presents an approach that makes it possible to study geographic interdependencies among CIs but requires only a minimum of information on the specific location of system infrastructures. Based on the concept of so-called flexible cartography, this approach provides relevant results for the processing of interdependencies, while respecting organisations' confidentiality constraints.
PhaseMax: Convex Phase Retrieval via Basis Pursuit (2018)

We consider the recovery of a (real- or complex-valued) signal from magnitude-only measurements, known as phase retrieval. We formulate phase retrieval as a convex optimization problem, which we call PhaseMax. Unlike other convex methods that use semidefinite relaxation and lift the phase retrieval problem to a higher dimension, PhaseMax is a “non-lifting” relaxation that operates in the original signal dimension. We show that the dual problem to PhaseMax is basis pursuit, which implies that the phase retrieval can be performed using algorithms initially designed for sparse signal recovery. We develop sharp lower bounds on the success probability of PhaseMax for a broad range of random measurement ensembles, and we analyze the impact of measurement noise on the solution accuracy. We use numerical results to demonstrate the accuracy of our recovery guarantees, and we showcase the efficacy and limits of PhaseMax in practice.
Mechanisms of peroxide stabilization. An investigation of some reactions of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of aminophosphonic acids (1992)

It has been established by continuous-flow studies in conjunction with EPR spectroscopy that the aminophosphonic acids 1–4 accelerate significantly the Fenton reaction between FeII and H2O2 in aqueous solution via complexation of the metal ion (with values of the rate constant k for the generation of the hydroxyl radical up to 2 × 105 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at room temperature). To a certain extent this behaviour parallels that of EDTA and some structurally-related aminocarboxylic acids. It is also shown that the N-oxides of the aminophosphonic acids 1–3 react readily with the hydroxyl radical to give long-lived nitroxides viaβ-scission of first-formed carbon-centred radicals.Neither of these findings is believed to correspond to the major chemistry which underlies the efficacy of these ligands as peroxide stabilizers. It is suggested instead that the crucial role of these compounds depends upon their ability to stabilize the higher valence state of iron, and hence not only to encourage oxidation of FeII by O2˙– and H2O2 but also to prevent effective reduction of FeIII by O2˙–, HO2˙ and H2O2. However, radical scavenging by N-oxides may be a secondary, contributory factor in this stabilizing function, especially in peroxide systems when the sequestrant is added before storage, when slow N-oxidation is to be expected.
Modeling and Simulation of a Fault-Tolerant Electromechanical Actuation System for Helicopter Swashplates in Modelica (2012)

Replacing hydraulic primary flight control actuators by electromechanical actuators imposes the problem of reduced reliability. This problem may be overcome by using redundant actuators what in turn increases the system complexity. The appropriate redundancy level and component mapping must be assessed. In specific failure cases the system must be reconfigured in order to maintain the specified performance level to meet aircraft safety regulations. The assessment of the system's reaction upon such kind of scenarios is however a complicated task and must be supported by modeling and simulation. Therefore, modeling and simulation of such a faulttolerant electromechanical system in Modelica is described in this paper. Sample simulation results are presented and discussed.
Heat Conversion Systems (2023)

Heat Conversion Systems develops the underlying concepts of advanced Rankine-based absorption and compression cycles and introduces the Building Block Approach as a general concept. The Building Block Approach identifies all cycle configurations for a given application to ensure that system designers have available all important alternatives. The book features numerous examples of advanced cycles and includes single- and multi-stage absorption heat pumps and heat transformers and combined systems. The book also discusses single- and multi-stage vapor compression systems with multiple solution circuits, multiple compressors, and cascades. Aspects of working fluid selection and their influence on cycle options, performance evaluation, and estimating procedures for the Coefficient of Performance (COP) are addressed. Cycle analysis based on the Second Laws of Thermodynamics is examined. Heat Conversion Systems will be an important source for engineers in air-conditioning, heat pumping, refrigeration, and waste heat utilization. It can be used as text in courses on thermodynamics, efficient use of energy, and environmental protection.
Rendering Elimination: Early Discard of Redundant Tiles in the Graphics Pipeline (2019)

GPUs are one of the most energy-consuming components for real-time rendering applications, since a large number of fragment shading computations and memory accesses are involved. Main memory bandwidth is especially taxing battery-operated devices such as smart-phones. TileBased Rendering GPUs divide the screen space into multiple tiles that are independently rendered in on-chip buffers, thus reducing memory bandwidth and energy consumption. We have observed that, in many animated graphics workloads, a large number of screen tiles have the same color across adjacent frames. In this paper, we propose Rendering Elimination (RE), a novel micro-architectural technique that accurately determines if a tile will be identical to the same tile in the preceding frame before rasterization by means of comparing signatures. Since RE identifies redundant tiles early in the graphics pipeline, it completely avoids the computation and memory accesses of the most power consuming stages of the pipeline, which substantially reduces the execution time and the energy consumption of the GPU. For widely used Android applications, we show that RE achieves an average speedup of 1.74x and energy reduction of 43% for the GPU/Memory system, surpassing by far the benefits of Transaction Elimination, a state-of-the-art memory bandwidth reduction technique available in some commercial Tile-Based Rendering GPUs.
The Dimensional Stability of Carpets in Installations (1977)

Dimensional stability of floor coverings to forces encountered under end-use conditions has not been investigated extensively, although problems of wrinkling and puckering of carpets in stretch installations arise frequently. Mechanical actions from the stretching procedure during installation and from pedestrian traffic are a major source of forces which carpets must resist. A test method validated prior to adoption by the British Standards Institution was used to characterize a large number of carpets for dimensional stability to mechanical actions. A number of properties measured by this method were found to be highly correlated. Several carpet construction characteristics—total weight, gage, and stitch density—were found to have little relationship to stability to mechanical action. Woven carpets were found to have better stability than tufted carpets, with the stability of tufted carpets being highly dependent upon primary and secondary backing type. Generally, woven backings provided more stability than nonwoven backings.
lp-Norm Multiple Kernel Learning (2011)

Ziel des Maschinellen Lernens ist das Erlernen unbekannter Konzepte aus Daten. In vielen aktuellen Anwendungsbereichen des Maschinellen Lernens, wie zum Beispiel der Bioinformatik oder der Computer Vision, sind die Daten auf vielfältige Art und Weise in Merkmalsgruppierungen repräsentiert. Im Voraus ist allerdings die optimale Kombination jener Merkmalsgruppen oftmals unbekannt. Die Methodologie des Lernens mit mehreren Kernen bietet einen attraktiven und mathematisch fundierten Ansatz zu diesem Problem. Existierende Modelle konzentrieren sich auf dünn besetzte Merkmals- bzw. Kernkombinationen, um deren Interpretierbarkeit zu erleichtern. Allerdings erweisen sich solche klassischen Ansätze zum Lernen mit mehreren Kernen in der Praxis als wenig effektiv. In der vorliegenden Dissertation betrachte ich das Problem des Lernens mit mehreren Kernen aus einer neuartigen, generelleren Perspektive. In dieser Sichtweise sind klassische Ansätze nur Spezialfälle eines wesentlich generelleren Systems des Lernens mit mehreren Kernen. Um effektivere Kernmischungen zu erhalten, entwickle ich die lp-norm multiple kernel learning Methodologie, die sich effizienter und effektiver als vorherige Lösungsansätze erweist. Insbesondere leite ich Algorithmen zur Optimierung des Problems her, die wesentlich schneller sind als existierende und es erlauben, gleichzeitig Zehntausende von Trainingsbeispielen und Tausende von Kernen zu verarbeiten. Ich analysiere die Effektivität unserer Methodologie in einer Vielzahl von schwierigen und hochzentralen Problemen aus den Bereichen Bioinformatik und Computer Vision und zeige, dass lp-norm multiple kernel learning Vorhersagegenauigkeiten erreicht, die den neuesten Stand der Forschung übertreffen. Die entwickelten Techniken sind tief untermauert in der Theorie des Maschinellen Lernens: Ich beweise untere und obere Schranken auf die Komplexität der zugehörigen Hypothesenklasse, was die Herleitung von Generalisierungsschranken erlaubt, die eine schnellere Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit haben als vorherige Schranken. Des Weiteren stelle ich den minimalen Wert der Schranken mit den geometrischen Eigenschaften der Bayes-Hypothese in Verbindung. Darauf basierend beweise ich, dass für eine grosse Anzahl von Szenarien lp-norm multiple kernel learning deutlich stärkere Generalisierungsgarantien aufweist als vorherige Anätze zum Lernen mit mehreren Kernen. Mit Hilfe einer von mir vorgeschlagenen Methodik, basierend auf den theoretischen Schranken und sogenannten kernel alignments, untersuche ich, warum sich lp-norm multiple kernel learning als hocheffektiv in praktischen Anwendungsgebieten erweist.
LUNG VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (2004)

Past studies have primarily focused on how altered lung vascular growth and development contribute to pulmonary hypertension. Recently, basic studies of vascular growth have led to novel insights into mechanisms underlying development of the normal pulmonary circulation and the essential relationship of vascular growth to lung alveolar development. These observations have led to new concepts underlying the pathobiology of developmental lung disease, especially the inhibition of lung growth that characterizes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We speculate that understanding basic mechanisms that regulate and determine vascular growth will lead to new clinical strategies to improve the long-term outcome of premature babies with BPD.
Extremely Cost‐Effective and Efficient Solar Vapor Generation under Nonconcentrated Illumination Using Thermally Isolated Black Paper (2017)

Passive solar vapor generation represents a promising and environmentally benign method of water purification/desalination. However, conventional solar steam generation techniques usually rely on costly and cumbersome optical concentration systems and have relatively low efficiency due to bulk heating of the entire liquid volume. Here, an efficient strategy using extremely low-cost materials, i.e., carbon black (powder), hydrophilic porous paper, and expanded polystyrene foam is reported. Due to the excellent thermal insulation between the surface liquid and the bulk volume of the water and the suppressed radiative and convective losses from the absorber surface to the adjacent heated vapor, a record thermal efficiency of ≈88% is obtained under 1 sun without concentration, corresponding to the evaporation rate of 1.28 kg (m<sup>2</sup> h)<sup>-1</sup>. When scaled up to a 100 cm<sup>2</sup> array in a portable solar water still system and placed in an outdoor environment, the freshwater generation rate is 2.4 times of that of a leading commercial product. By simultaneously addressing both the need for high-efficiency operation as well as production cost limitations, this system can provide an approach for individuals to purify water for personal needs, which is particularly suitable for undeveloped regions with limited/no access to electricity.