gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen permeation and thermo-chemical stability of oxygen separation membrane materials for the oxyfuel process (2009)

The reduction of CO2 emissions, generally held to be one of the most significant contributors to global warming, is a major technological issue. CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) techniques applied to large stationary sources such as coal-fired power plants could efficiently contribute to the global carbon mitigation effort. The oxyfuel process, which consists in the burning of coal in an oxygen-rich atmosphere to produce a flue gas highly concentrated in CO2, is a technology considered for zero CO2 emission coal-fired power plants. The production of this O2-rich combustion gas from air can be carried out using high purity oxygen separation membranes. Some of the most promising materials for this application are mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) materials with perovskite and K2NiF4 perovskite-related structures. The present work examines the selection of La0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta (LSCF58), La2NiO4+delta, Pr0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta (PSCF58) and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF50) as membrane materials for the separation of O2 and N2 in the framework of the oxyfuel process with flue gas recycling. Annealing experiments were carried out on pellets exposed to CO2, water vapour, O2 and Cr2O3 in order to determine the thermo-chemical resistance to the atmospheres and the high temperature conditions present during membrane operation in a coal-fired power plant. The degradation of their microstructure was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in combination with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Also, the oxygen permeation fluxes of selected membranes were investigated as a function of temperature. The membrane materials selected were characterised using thermo-analytical techniques such as precision thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermo mechanical analysis (TMA). An increase in thermal expansion and oxygen permeation associated with an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration, observed also in the TGA curves, occurs during heating. BSCF50 exhibits permeation fluxes well above those of LSCF58, PSCF58 and La2NiO4+delta, which are quite similar to each other. After exposure, no degradation of LSCF58, La2NiO4+delta and PSCF58 occurs. On the other hand BSCF50 is found to be unstable in CO2- and/or H2O-containing atmospheres and also to exhibit a chemical demixing. The thermo-chemical stability and the oxygen permeation performances are both crucial factors in the selection of high purity oxygen separation membranes for the oxyfuel process, thus making LSCF58, PSCF58 and La2NiO4+delta in this study the most suitable materials for this application. Serious issues arise, however, from the fact that secondary non-ion conducting oxide phases are formed in the bulk of every material, forming obstacles for oxygen ion migration, and also that a reaction with chromia occurs, preventing their use without protection.
Visualization of combinatorial models and test plans (2016)

Combinatorial test design (CTD) is an effective and widely used test design technique. CTD provides automatic test plan generation, but it requires a manual definition of the test space in the form of a combinatorial model. One challenge for successful application of CTD in practice relates to this manual model definition and maintenance process. Another challenge relates to the comprehension and use of the test plan generated by CTD for prioritization purposes.
Do design records really benefit software maintenance (2002)

Recently the design record concept has been suggested for reducing software life-cycle costs. A design record is a collection of information, usually in an online repository, to support software evolution. The impact to date of design records on software maintenance is examined. Design record terminology and related work are discussed. How design records can affect maintenance and whether they have done so are also discussed. It is shown that, despite the popularity of the concept, relatively little quantitative experimental evidence exists that design records reduce maintenance costs in practice. Open issues that design record researchers should address to make design records more beneficial to software maintenance and criteria for what information should be in a design record, especially if the design record is to have a significant impact on software maintenance, are suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A longitudinal study of serum insulin and glucose levels in relation to colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women (2011)

These data suggest that elevated serum glucose levels may be a risk factor for colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women.
Comparison of performance of one-color and two-color gene-expression analyses in predicting clinical endpoints of neuroblastoma patients (2010)

Microarray-based prediction of clinical endpoints may be performed using either a one-color approach reflecting mRNA abundance in absolute intensity values or a two-color approach yielding ratios of fluorescent intensities. In this study, as part of the MAQC-II project, we systematically compared the classification performance resulting from one- and two-color gene-expression profiles of 478 neuroblastoma samples. In total, 196 classification models were applied to these measurements to predict four clinical endpoints, and classification performances were compared in terms of accuracy, area under the curve, Matthews correlation coefficient and root mean-squared error. Whereas prediction performance varied with distinct clinical endpoints and classification models, equivalent performance metrics were observed for one- and two-color measurements in both internal and external validation. Furthermore, overlap of selected signature genes correlated inversely with endpoint prediction difficulty. In summary, our data strongly substantiate that the choice of platform is not a primary factor for successful gene expression based-prediction of clinical endpoints.
Scenarios and Analysis for Introducing IPv6 into ISP Networks (2005)

This document describes different scenarios for the introduction of
IPv6 into an ISP's existing IPv4 network without disrupting the
IPv4 service. The scenarios for introducing IPv6 are analyzed, and the
relevance of already defined transition mechanisms are evaluated.
Known challenges are also identified. This memo provides information
for the Internet community.
Model-based system engineering using SysML: Deriving executable simulation models with QVT (2014)

Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is used to define hierarchical system models in model-based engineering (MBE). Although SysML may effectively serve the description of complex systems, it can not effectively support all model-based engineering activities. For example, system validation is usually performed via simulation. In this case, SysML system models should be transformed to domain-specific models, e.g. executable simulation models suitable for specific simulation tools. This paper identifies the key issues for efficient SysML model simulation, utilizing Model Driven Architecture (MDA) concepts. The generation of executable simulation code from SysML system models is considered as a model transformation from the SysML meta-model to the simulation meta-model. Since SysML meta-model is defined using Meta-Object Facility (MOF), the definition of MOF simulation meta-models and the utilization of the Query/View/Transformation (QVT) language for model transformations are analytically discussed. The presented approach is not restricted in a specific simulation framework or type. However, in this paper, the experience obtained from a case study on discrete event simulation is evaluated and the conditions that favor the selection of specific simulation frameworks are identified.
Text mining for chat message analysis (2008)

Instant Messaging (IM) is a peer-to-peer service for remote users to communicate with each others. There are many IM systems such as MSN Messenger and Yahoo Messenger which are used by millions of users everyday. However, IM technology serves as a double edged sword and could be misused for illegitimate information exchange or committing crimes for its anonymity and completely uncontrolled chatting environment. To help enforce legitimate contents communicated in chat environments, IM monitoring systems have been developed for monitoring chat messages. Although most of these systems can provide good monitoring functions, they only provide simple message analysis features such as browsing and simple keyword-based searching of the recorded messages. In this paper, we propose a system, called IMAnalysis, that supports intelligent chat message analysis using text mining techniques. The IMAnalysis system provides functions on chat message retrieval, social network analysis and topic analysis. Chat message retrieval provides general browsing and retrieval support. Social network analysis discovers the social interactions of IM users with their contacts. And topic analysis detects automatically the topics that IM users are involved in.
A novel buck-boost Z-source rectifier (2006)

This paper presents a novel buck/boost Z-Source rectifier, in which an impedance network is employed to couple the rectifier main circuit to the load, thus it provides unique features that cannot be obtained in a traditional full-bridge rectifier. The Z-Source rectifier can access buck or boost function without using two-stage power conversion, so it overcomes the limitations of the traditional cascaded buck rectifier. The simulation and experiment had been presented to verify the proposed theories.
Maximum likelihood approach for blind audio source separation using time-frequency Gaussian source models (2006)

In this paper we propose a simple time-frequency Gaussian model of audio signals that allows for separation of possibly underdetermined and noisy linear instantaneous mixtures. An efficient EM algorithm is proposed to estimate the mixing matrix, the noise covariance and covariances of the source t-f coefficients over a chosen frame/subband tiling of the time-frequency domain. Results are given on 4 /spl times/ 4 and 3 /spl times/ 4 noisy mixtures of audio sources.
Estimation of energy consumption in machine learning (2019)

Energy consumption has been widely studied in the computer architecture field for decades. While the adoption of energy as a metric in machine learning is emerging, the majority of research is still primarily focused on obtaining high levels of accuracy without any computational constraint. We believe that one of the reasons for this lack of interest is due to their lack of familiarity with approaches to evaluate energy consumption. To address this challenge, we present a review of the different approaches to estimate energy consumption in general and machine learning applications in particular. Our goal is to provide useful guidelines to the machine learning community giving them the fundamental knowledge to use and build specific energy estimation methods for machine learning algorithms. We also present the latest software tools that give energy estimation values, together with two use cases that enhance the study of energy consumption in machine learning.
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ (2006)

Adipose tissue plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, not only in storing triglycerides, but also responding to nutrient, neural, and hormonal signals and secreting adipokines that control feeding, thermogenesis, immunity, and neuroendocrine function. A rise in leptin signals satiety to the brain through receptors in hypothalamic and brainstem neurons. Leptin activates tyrosine kinase, Janus kinase 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, leading to increased levels of anorexigenic peptides, e.g., alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, and inhibition of orexigenic peptides, e.g., neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide. Obesity is characterized by hyperleptinemia and hypothalamic leptin resistance, partly caused by induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3. Leptin falls rapidly during fasting and potently stimulates appetite, reduces thermogenesis, and mediates the inhibition of thyroid and reproductive hormones and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These actions are integrated by the paraventicular hypothalamic nucleus. Leptin also decreases glucose and stimulates lipolysis through central and peripheral pathways involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Adiponectin is secreted exclusively by adipocytes and has been linked to glucose, lipid, and cardiovascular regulation. Obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis have been associated with reduced adiponectin levels, whereas adiponectin treatment reverses these abnormalities partly through activation of AMPK in liver and muscle. Administration of adiponectin in the brain recapitulates the peripheral actions to increase fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity and reduce glucose. Although putative adiponectin receptors are widespread in peripheral organs and brain, it is uncertain whether adiponectin acts exclusively through these targets. As with leptin, adiponectin requires the central melanocortin pathway. Furthermore, adiponectin stimulates fatty acid oxidation and reduces glucose and lipids, at least in part, by activating AMPK in muscle and liver.
The 3BP2 Adapter Protein Is Required for Optimal B-Cell Activation and Thymus-Independent Type 2 Humoral Response (2007)

3BP2 is a pleckstrin homology domain- and Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing adapter protein that is mutated in the rare human bone disorder cherubism and which has also been implicated in immunoreceptor signaling. However, a function for this protein has yet to be established. Here we show that mice lacking 3BP2 exhibited a perturbation in the peritoneal B1 and splenic marginal-zone B-cell compartments and diminished thymus-independent type 2 antigen response. 3BP2(-/-) B cells demonstrated a proliferation defect in response to antigen receptor cross-linking and a heightened sensitivity to B-cell receptor-induced death via a caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway. We show that 3BP2 binds via its SH2 domain to the CD19 signaling complex and is required for optimum Syk phosphorylation and calcium flux.
Model order reduction of large circuits using balanced truncation (1999)

A method is introduced for model order reduction of large circuits extracted from layout. The algorithm, which is based on balanced realization, can be used for reducing the order of circuits before circuit-level simulation. In contrast to Pade-based algorithms which match the reduced order system with original system in some given frequencies, balanced realization based model algorithms provide a nearly optimal matching over all frequencies. Hence the balanced realization method produces stable and more accurate results compared to the Pade-based algorithms for model reduction. In addition given an upper bound for error, it is possible to compute the minimum degree for the reduced order model a priori. A numerically efficient method for balanced truncation of large circuits using the Arnoldi algorithm is presented and experimental results are reported.
Laser-boosted light sail experiments with the 150-kW LHMEL II CO 2 laser (2002)

Laser-boosted lightsail experiments were carried out on 4-8 December 2000 with the 150 kW LHMEL II carbon dioxide CW laser at Wright Patterson Air Force Base - in their 2.74 m long, 2.13-, diameter vacuum chamber. All 5-cm diameter sail specimens were fabricated by ESLI. The prior Dec. '99 pendulum tests used ultralight carbon microtruss discs, sputter-coated with molybdenum on the front face to improve reflectivity at 10.6 um - and are the first known measurements of high power laser photonic thrust with real candidate lightsail materials. The Dec. '00 vertical wire- guided tests employed an improved moly-coated carbon-foil material with the same basic microtruss substructure. The performance of this new carbon foil sail was superior to the earlier specimens.
Chondrogenic potential of progenitor cells derived from human bone marrow and adipose tissue: A patient-matched comparison (2005)

The tissue formed by the aggregate culture of the expanded ADPC population was less cartilaginous. It is unclear whether this is because there are fewer chondroprogenitor cells or if the monolayer expansion culture favors cells with higher proliferative rates but without differentiation potential. Under the conditions described in this study, BMPCs may represent a better choice for progenitor cell-based strategies for cartilage repair.
Dopamine D1 Receptors, Regulation of Gene Expression in the Brain, and Neurodegeneration (2010)

Dopamine (DA), the most abundant catecholamine in the basal ganglia, participates in the regulation of motor functions and of cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Abnormalities in dopaminergic systems are thought to be the bases for some neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction, Parkinson's disease, and Schizophrenia. DA exerts its arrays of functions via stimulation of D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) DA receptors which are located in various regions of the brain. The DA D1 and D2 receptors are very abundant in the basal ganglia where they exert their functions within separate neuronal cell types. The present paper focuses on a review of the effects of stimulation of DA D1 receptors on diverse signal transduction pathways and gene expression patterns in the brain. We also discuss the possible involvement of the DA D1 receptors in DA-mediated toxic effects observed both in vitro and in vivo. Future studies using more selective agonist and antagonist agents and the use of genetically modified animals should help to further clarify the role of these receptors in the normal physiology and in pathological events that involve DA.
Virtually Heaven: Transhumanist Constructions of Christian Heaven in "Ready Player One" and "San Junipero" (2018)

“Those stories you heard? About going to a wonderful place [after you die] called ‘heaven’ where there is no more pain or death and you live forever in a state of perpetual happiness? …total bullshit.”[1] Wade Watts, the protagonist of the 2011 novel Ready Player One, describes the blissful Christian afterlife in distinctly derisive terms. His scornful skepticism of Christian constructs like heaven, represent the typical stance of science fiction and media. Although some sci-fi media is created by Christians for Christians,[2] the vast majority tends to condemn organized religions like Christianity for being too irrational and exclusive. To promote technological rather than religious ideologies, transhumanists like Max More believe that “transhumanism (like humanism) can act as a philosophy of life that fulfills some of the same functions as a religion without any appeal to a higher power, a supernatural entity, to faith, and without the other core features of religions.”[3]This message—that transhumanist technologies including immersive virtual reality (IVR) improve upon Christian belief systems—becomes reinforced within sci-fi media. \n[1] Ernest Cline, Ready Player One, 1st ed. (New York: Crown Publishers, 2011). 18.\n[2] For example, Madeline L’Engle’s young adult novel, A Wrinkle in Time and C.S. Lewis’ “Cosmic Trilogy”.\n[3] Max More and Natasha Vita-More, The Transhumanist Reader: Classical and Contemporary Essays on the Science, Technology, and Philosophy of the Human Future (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013): 8.
Introducing the QEST broker: Scaling the IoT by bridging MQTT and REST (2012)

In the “Internet of Things” (IoT) vision the physical world blends with virtual one, while machine-to-machine interaction improve our daily life. Clearly, how these virtual objects are exposed to us is critical, so that their user interface must be designed to support the easiness of usage that is driven by the users' needs, which is different from what machines requires. These two requirements must be solved, and an integrated solution should emerge, if we want to bring the IoT to the 50 billions network that is predicted to became in the next years. We believe that these requirements cannot be met by the same communication protocol, and so we propose a new kind of broker, named QEST that can bridge the two worlds, represented by their state-of-the-art protocols: MQTT and REST. In this paper, we demonstrate that our approach allows rapid development of user-facing IoT systems, while grating machines all the performance they need.
Novel and Efficient One-Pot Tandem Synthesis of 2-Styryl-Substituted 4(3<i>H</i>)-Quinazolinones (2008)

A novel one-pot tandem synthesis of 2-styryl-4(3 H)-quinazolinones in an acidic ionic liquid is reported. In this procedure isatoic anhydride, a primary aniline or ammonium acetate, and triethylorthoacetate are reacted in the presence of imidazolium trifluoroacetate [Hmim]TFA. Subsequently an aromatic aldehyde is added to the mixture to afford the title compounds in high to excellent yields.
Preliminary assessment of a rotary detonation engine concept. (1983)

Results of a preliminary, experimental assessment of a rotary detonation engine concept are reported.Measure- ments were taken of the torque produced by a stationary rotor model as a result of a single detonation process initiated within the rotor under known premixed gas con- ditions.Mixtures of ethylene and oxygen and ethylene and oxygen with three moles of nitrogen ballast were utilized.The results represent the lower bound to values of torque produced by the rotor model.Modifications of the instru- mentation and torque measurement system are recommended to allow the transient process and resulting torque to be measured in greater detail, a comparison to be made with the results of numerical modeling, and a definitive assess- ment of the potential of the concept to be concluded.
Sorbent coatings for nitroaromatic vapors: applications with chemical sensors (1998)

The solubility properties of a series of nitroaromatic compounds have been determined and utilized with known linear solvation energy relationships to calculate their sorption properties in a series of chemoselective polymers. These measurements and results were used to design a series of novel chemoselective polymers to target polynitroaromatic compounds. The polymers have been evaluated as thin sorbent coatings on surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for their vapor sorption and selectivity properties. The most promising materials tested, include siloxane polymers functionalized with acidic pendant groups that are complimentary in their solubility properties for nitroaromatic compounds. The most sensitive of the new polymers exhibit SAW sensor detection limits for nitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene at 3 parts per billion (ppb) and 235 parts per trillion (ppt) respectively. Optimized polymers exhibit low water vapor sorption, and rapid signal kinetics for nitrobenzene, reaching 90% of signal response in 4 seconds. Studies with an in-situ infra-red spectroscopy technique are used to determine the mechanism of interaction between nitroaromatic compounds and the chemoselective polymer.