gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological segmentation and partial volume analysis for volumetry of solid pulmonary lesions in thoracic CT scans (2006)

Volumetric growth assessment of pulmonary lesions is crucial to both lung cancer screening and oncological therapy monitoring. While several methods for small pulmonary nodules have previously been presented, the segmentation of larger tumors that appear frequently in oncological patients and are more likely to be complexly interconnected with lung morphology has not yet received much attention. We present a fast, automated segmentation method that is based on morphological processing and is suitable for both small and large lesions. In addition, the proposed approach addresses clinical challenges to volume assessment such as variations in imaging protocol or inspiration state by introducing a method of segmentation-based partial volume analysis (SPVA) that follows on the segmentation procedure. Accuracy and reproducibility studies were performed to evaluate the new algorithms. In vivo interobserver and interscan studies on low-dose data from eight clinical metastasis patients revealed that clinically significant volume change can be detected reliably and with negligible computation time by the presented methods. In addition, phantom studies were conducted. Based on the segmentation performed with the proposed method, the performance of the SPVA volumetry method was compared with the conventional technique on a phantom that was scanned with different dosages and reconstructed with varying parameters. Both systematic and absolute errors were shown to be reduced substantially by the SPVA method. The method was especially successful in accounting for slice thickness and reconstruction kernel variations, where the median error was more than halved in comparison to the conventional approach.
A test for the presence of covariance between time-uncertain series of data with application to the Dongge Cave speleothem and atmospheric radiocarbon records (2010)

[1] Statistical measures of the relationships between time series are generally altered by the presence of errors in timing, i.e., when applied to time-uncertain series. For example, the covariance sampled between two time series which in truth covary will generally be decreased by errors in timing. Most previous work on this subject has sought to maximize some goodness of fit between time-uncertain series either heuristically or through more quantitative methods. However, there is a danger that unrelated records can be made to appear to covary by time adjustment. Here we propose a statistical test for the presence of covariance between time-uncertain series wherein the probability of obtaining a maximum covariance from randomly realized time-uncertain series is assessed using the theory of order statistics. The results of this analytical method provide insight into the influence of timing errors upon covariance and are shown to be consistent with results derived from a Monte Carlo procedure. We apply this methodology to evaluate the covariance between a time-uncertain stalagmite record and atmospheric radiocarbon during the Holocene and find, contradictory to previous interpretation, that there is insignificant covariance between the two at the 95% confidence level.
AMPK: A Key Sensor of Fuel and Energy Status in Skeletal Muscle (2006)

Contraction induces marked metabolic changes in muscle, and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a good candidate to explain these effects. Recent work using a muscle-specific knockout of the upstream kinase, LKB1, has confirmed that the LKB1-->AMPK cascade is the signaling pathway responsible for many of these effects.
RETRACTED: CUL4B promotes aggressive phenotypes of HNSCC via the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway (2019)

Previous studies have revealed that CUL4B is overexpressed in various types of cancer and that its overexpression is related to the progression and metastasis of tumors. However, the biological functions of CUL4B in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are still not well understood. In the current study, we aimed to determine the changes in biological functions and molecular events that are related to CUL4B overexpression. Interestingly, our results showed that CUL4B is upregulated in HNSCC and that its upregulation is associated with poor survival and worse histological grade. Overexpression of CUL4B promoted cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas the loss of CUL4B abrogated these malignant phenotypes. Moreover, our mechanistic investigations suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated by CUL4B overexpression. Treatment with a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor decreased CUL4B-induced migration and invasion, establishing a key role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mediating the effects of CUL4B expression. Together, these results demonstrate a key contribution of CUL4B overexpression in the malignant behavior of HNSCC cells, at least in part through the stimulation of angiogenesis and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Lowered blood concentration of tacrolimus and its recovery with changes in expression of CYP3A and P-Glycoprotein after high-dose steroid therapy (2002)

Our results indicate that the decrease in the blood FK506 concentration caused by high-dose steroid therapy is a consequence of the induction of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A in the liver and intestine, and these changes were reversed within 2 weeks after cessation of steroid therapy.
Inhibition of metastatic potential by fucosidase: An NMR study identifies a cell surface metastasis marker (1988)

NMR spectroscopy is able to detect subtle changes to the surface chemistry of cells. We have previously shown that high-resolution 1H NMR methods can identify tumor cells with the capacity to metastasize, and we now report that the long T2 relaxation value (500-800 ms) observed in metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells is removed by treatment with fucosidase. Two-dimensional scalar-correlated NMR (COSY) spectra of fucosidase-treated cells show that a cross peak, consistent with scalar coupling between the methyl and methine groups on fucose and usually associated with malignancy and metastatic ability, is absent. Metastases were observed in only two out of ten rats injected subcutaneously with enzyme-treated cells compared to eight out of ten with untreated cells. NMR studies on isolated cellular lipids identified the long T2 relaxation value only in the ganglioside fraction. This fraction accounts for 51% of the total 14C-labelled fucose incorporated into the cells. We propose that fucogangliosides are an indicator of metastatic potential in rats. The observation that a cell surface metastasis marker has an NMR signal with a characteristically long relaxation value has important consequences for the future use of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in the cancer clinic.
Temperature and annual cycle of nitrification in waters of Narragansett Bay. (1990)

Pelagic nitrification, measured over an annual cycle at two sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, was strongly correlated with temperature. At a nutrient‐poor site, rates ranged from near zero in winter to almost 1 µ mol N liter −1 d −1 in summer, with an apparent Q 10 of 6.8. Rates were always higher at a nutrient‐rich Providence River estuary site, with a summer maximum >11 µ mol N liter −1 d −1 and an apparent Q 10 of 17.6. Laboratory experiments that examined the response of nitrification to temperature alone resulted in a Q 10 of 7.5. The high summer rate of nitrification was balanced by NO 3 − uptake by phytoplankton. Elevated levels of NO 3 − in fall resulted from a marked decline in phytoplankton uptake and a continuing slow rate of nitrification and were not dependent on river inputs. Other N transformations do not respond to temperature as strongly as nitrification did, thus temperature increases may effect the distribution of N.
Architectures for space astronomical telescopes using Fresnel optics (2006)

We have developed a novel chromatic correction scheme for a large aperture space astronomy telescope, using a Fresnel lens as the primary aperture. Systems built around Fresnel optics hold the possibility of drastically reducing mission costs. The use of a Fresnel optic allows a light weight primary lens which results in lighter systems, which in turn can be flown on smaller, less expensive launchers. Costs are also reduced in the manufacture of the primary lens. The performance of the telescope will be given and the tolerancing of the system discussed. The key issue of the mitigation of the intrinsic chromatic aberration will be discussed in detail, as well as deployment methods of a large monolithic lens. It will be shown that architectures based on Fresnel optics can be considered viable and should be considered in the technology selection for future missions.
Investigation of the crystallization of zeolites in the SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-(TEA)2O-H2O system (2011)

The crystallization of zeolites in the SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-(TEA)2O-H2O system, where (TEA)2O is tetraethylammonium oxide, has been investigated over a wide range of variations in the SiO2: Al2O3 ratio (from 5 to 19). It has been found that, in the composition region under investigation, zeolites crystallize with structures of paulingite, beta, phillipsite, merlinoite, erionite, mordenite, and garronite. The formation of the aforementioned phases is determined by the composition of the initial gels and the synthesis temperature. The cocrystallization of paulingite, phillipsite, and merlinoite is explained by the structural features of these zeolites.
Dynamic Detection of Malicious Code in COTS Software (2000)

COTS components are very attractive because they can substantially reduce development time and cost, but they pose significant security risks (e.g. backdoors, Trojan horses, time bombs, etc.). These types of attack are not detected by standard virus detection utilities, which are essentially the only commercially available tools that work directly on binaries. This paper presents a dynamic approach that intends to address this problem. The complexity of a real time-bomb and hopefully of all types of malicious actions- is presents. This is the first step toward a fully automated tool to detect malicious actions in all their forms. The method, which monitors processor instructions directly is currently intended specifically Windows NT running on an Intel processor. It could easily be extended to other platforms. This paper also discusses the possibility of using dynamic analysis techniques to overcome the inadequacy of the static methods. Finally, a brief survey is presented of commercial tools that attempt to address this issue, considering where these products are today and what is needed to obtain a credible sense of security, as opposed to the often false sense offered by some commercial tools.
Phase-stable swept source OCT angiography in human skin using an akinetic source (2016)

We demonstrate noninvasive structural and microvascular contrast imaging of human skin in vivo, using phase difference swept source OCT angiography (pOCTA). The pOCTA system employs an akinetic, all-semiconductor, highly phase-stable swept laser source which operates at 1340 nm central wavelength, with 37 nm bandwidth (at 0 dB region) and 200 kHz A-scan rate. The phase sensitive detection does not need any external phase stabilizing implementations, due to the outstanding high phase linearity and sweep phase repeatability within 2 mrad. We compare the performance of phase based OCTA to speckle based OCTA for visualizing human vascular networks. pOCTA shows better contrast especially for deeper vascular details as compared to speckle based OCTA. The phase stability of the akinetic source allows the OCTA system to show decent vascular contrast only with 2 B-scans. We compare the performance of using 2 versus 4 B-scans for calculating the vascular contrast. Finally, the performance of a 100 nm bandwidth akinetic laser at 1310 nm is investigated for both OCT and OCTA.
Zero-phonon linewidth of single nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals (2008)

Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in type Ib diamond nanocrystals shows that in spite of spectral diffusion and spin-nonconserving transitions, zero-phonon linewidth as small as $16\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, which is nearly lifetime limited, can be observed at low temperature. Relatively small effects of spectral diffusion have also been observed in a small fraction of NV centers.
Effect of Glow Discharge Conditions on Structure and Thermal Properties of Polysilazane Thin Films (1978)

Abstract Polysilazane thin films were prepared by glow discharge polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane in mixture with various gases: argon, nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia. The effect of gas type on thermal stability and chemical structure of glow discharge polysilazane was studied. Thermo-gravimetric measurements performed within a temperature range of 20–1000° C, showed that the best thermal stability was exhibited by polysilazane prepared at the presence of ammonia in the reaction mixture. IR analyses data revealed that polymers prepared from mixture with ammonia or hydrogen contained more Si-H groups than those obtained with argon or nitrogen. It proves that in the presence of ammonia or hydrogen, greater monomer fragmentation through Si-C bonds cleavage takes place. More detailed investigations were carried out for polysilazanes prepared in mixture with ammonia. It was found that thermal stability as well as chemical structure of polymer depend strongly on polymerization conditions, i. e., ammonia contents in the reaction mixture, deposition time, discharge current density. Thermal stability of polysilazane improved with the increase in deposition time and current density. Increasing these parameters caused also the Si-NH-Si bonds content in the polymer to grow. The results prove that ammonia is a reactive comonomer and that the polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane at the presence of this gas may proceed through the formation of Si-NH-Si bonds.
History of RASS and its use for turbulence measurements (2002)

A summary of the history of this measuring technique is given, and the most common types of RASS are described. RASS is usually associated with the measurement of temperature profiles, while its potential role for wind and high resolution turbulence studies is less recognized. The usefulness of RASS for such applications is discussed and examples are presented.
A Heparan Sulfate-Binding Cell Penetrating Peptide for Tumor Targeting and Migration Inhibition (2015)

As heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are known as co-receptors to interact with numerous growth factors and then modulate downstream biological activities, overexpression of HS/HSPG on cell surface acts as an increasingly reliable prognostic factor in tumor progression. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short-chain peptides developed as functionalized vectors for delivery approaches of impermeable agents. On cell surface negatively charged HS provides the initial attachment of basic CPPs by electrostatic interaction, leading to multiple cellular effects. Here a functional peptide (CPPecp) has been identified from critical HS binding region in hRNase3, a unique RNase family member with in vitro antitumor activity. In this study we analyze a set of HS-binding CPPs derived from natural proteins including CPPecp. In addition to cellular binding and internalization, CPPecp demonstrated multiple functions including strong binding activity to tumor cell surface with higher HS expression, significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell migration, and suppression of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, different from conventional highly basic CPPs, CPPecp facilitated magnetic nanoparticle to selectively target tumor site in vivo. Therefore, CPPecp could engage its capacity to be developed as biomaterials for diagnostic imaging agent, therapeutic supplement, or functionalized vector for drug delivery.
Handling motion blur in multi-frame super-resolution (2015)

Ubiquitous motion blur easily fails multi-frame super-resolution (MFSR). Our method proposed in this paper tackles this issue by optimally searching least blurred pixels in MFSR. An EM framework is proposed to guide residual blur estimation and high-resolution image reconstruction. To suppress noise, we employ a family of sparse penalties as natural image priors, along with an effective solver. Theoretical analysis is performed on how and when our method works. The relationship between estimation errors of motion blur and the quality of input images is discussed. Our method produces sharp and higher-resolution results given input of challenging low-resolution noisy and blurred sequences.
Serum Surfactant Protein D: Biomarker of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2012)

Background : Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a lung-specific protein proposed to predict clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the changes in serum SP-D during acute exacerbation (AECOPD) episodes and the relationship of serum SP-D with the overall severity of the disease in stable COPD (SCOPD) remain unclear. Methods : Serum SP-D levels were analyzed in three groups, including AECOPD ( n =40), SCOPD ( n =71), and controls ( n =60). In AECOPD group, serum SP-D levels were determined at 1, 5, 14, and 30 days post-exacerbation. In SCOPD group, BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, exercise capacity) index was evaluated for severity assessment. Results : Serum SP-D levels were sequentially elevated from the controls to the SCOPD, and then to the AECOPD ( p < 0.001). During an AECOPD episode, the raised serum SP-D levels subsided at day 5 ( p > 0.05), fell markedly at day 14 ( p < 0.001), and continued to decline at day 30 ( p < 0.001). Among patients with SCOPD, serum SP-D levels correlated positively with the BODE index ( p < 0.01). Conclusions : The longitudinal changes in serum SP-D levels during an AECOPD episode suggest that SP-D may be a potential systemic biomarker for COPD exacerbation. The correlation of serum SP-D levels with the BODE index suggests that circulating SP-Ds can reflect the overall severity of SCOPD.
A Functional Comparison of BRCA1 C-terminal Domains in Transcription Activation and Chromatin Remodeling (2000)

The BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domain is present in a number of proteins that are involved in various aspects of chromosomal events. The BRCT domain of BRCA1 is important for its function in DNA repair and transcriptional activation. When tethered to chromosomal DNA, this region of BRCA1 is capable of inducing changes in chromatin structure. Despite the sequence homology and functional proximity shared by the BRCT-containing proteins, it is not clear whether different BRCT domains confer a common biochemical activity. Much less is known about the functional significance of the characteristic amino acid residues in the BRCT motif. Here, we show that chromatin remodeling and transcription activation is not a common feature of BRCT domains. However, the BRCT domain of the multi-functional repressor-activator protein 1 (RAP1) can activate transcription and remodel chromatin in a manner similar to that shown for the BRCA1 BRCT domain. Most of the conserved amino acid residues in the second BRCA1 BRCT domain are essential for its function in transcriptional activation. In contrast, mutations of many analogous amino acid residues in the RAP1 BRCT domain greatly elevate the transcriptional activity. These data indicate that the conserved residues in these two BRCT domains may play different roles in transcriptional activation.
The Application of X-ray Inspection In PCB Assembly (2011)

The rapid development of high density packaging technology has already bring up the new challenge to testing technology.For replying challenge,the new testing technology continuously appears,X-ray inspection is one of them,it can be used to control quality of BGA soldering and assembly.Now X-ray inspection systems have been specifically designed for PCB Assembly and semiconductor industries offering high resolution X-ray systems not only within failure analysis laboratories but also within the production environment.This paper simply introduces the theory and the application of X-ray inspection,indicates that X-ray inspection is necessary method to guarantee the quality of electronics assembly.
Environmentally stable all-normal-dispersion femtosecond fiber laser (2008)

We demonstrate a mode-locked all-normal-dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser constructed with polarization-maintaining fibers. Spectral filtering of a chirped pulse in the cavity, along with a semiconductor saturable absorber, produce self-starting femtosecond mode-locked operation with large normal dispersion. Environmentally stable generation of 2 nJ and 300 fs pulses is achieved.
Selective modification of DNA controlled by an ionic signal (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective modification of DNA controlled by an ionic signalTianhu Li and Steven E. RokitaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 20, 7771–7773Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00020a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00020a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts