gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zwitterionic organofunctional siloxanes as aqueous surfactants: synthesis and characterization of betaine functional siloxanes and their comparison to sulfobetaine functional siloxanes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZwitterionic organofunctional siloxanes as aqueous surfactants: synthesis and characterization of betaine functional siloxanes and their comparison to sulfobetaine functional siloxanesSteven A. Snow, William N. Fenton, and Michael J. OwenCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 5, 868–871Publication Date (Print):May 22, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 22 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00053a009https://doi.org/10.1021/la00053a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanoscopically Flat Open-Ended Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Substrates for Continued Growth (2006)

Continued growth is a way of growing nanotubes targeted to produce continuous and chirality-controlled single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) materials. This growth method strongly depends on efficient preparation of open-ended SWNT substrates. Nanoscopically flat open-ended SWNT substrates have been prepared by cutting the SWNT spun fiber with a focused ion beam cutting technique and followed by etching schemes for cleaning amorphous carbon and opening the ends of the SWNTs. The open ends were effectively characterized through selective etch back of open SWNT ends by carbon dioxide gas at 950 degrees C. High density continued growth was demonstrated from these nanoscopically flat open-ended substrates.
Human hair follicle equivalents in vitro for transplantation and chip-based substance testing (2011)

The ability to create an organoid, the smallest functional unit of an organ, in vitro across many human tissues and organs is the key to both efficient transplant generation and predictive preclinical testing regimes. The hair follicle is an organoid that has been much studied based on its ability to grow quickly and to regenerate after trauma. Replacing hair lost due to pattern baldness or more severe alopecia, including that induced by chemotherapy, remains a significant unmet medical need. By carefully analyzing and recapitulating the growth and differentiation mechanisms of hair follicle formation, we recreated human hair follicles in tissue culture that were capable of producing a hair shaft and revealed a striking similarity to their in vivo counterparts. Extensive molecular and electron microscopy analysis were used to track the assembly of follicular keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts into the final hair shaft producing microfollicle architecture. The hair follicle generation process was optimized in terms of efficiency, reproducibility and compliance with regulatory requirements for later transplantation. In addition, we developed a procedure to integrate the de novo created human microfollicles into our existing chip-based human skin equivalents for substance testing. This would allow the evaluation of the role of hair follicles in dermal substance transport mechanisms for cosmetic products. Finally, we describe the challenges and opportunities we are facing for first-in-man transplantation trials.
Compact, lensless digital holographic microscope for remote microbiology (2016)

In situ investigation of microbial life in extreme environments can be carried out with microscopes capable of imaging 3-dimensional volumes and tracking particle motion. Here we present a lensless digital holographic microscope approach that provides roughly 1.5 micron resolution in a compact, robust package suitable for remote deployment. High resolution is achieved by generating high numerical-aperture input beams with radial gradient-index rod lenses. The ability to detect and track prokaryotes was explored using bacterial strains of two different sizes. In the larger strain, a variety of motions were seen, while the smaller strain was used to demonstrate a detection capability down to micron scales.
A compact accelerator-based epithermal photoneutron source for boron neutron capture therapy (1994)

A conceptual design for a device to produce photoneutrons for use in boron neutron capture therapy is described. In this device, electron beams impinge inward on tungsten targets located at the outer radius of a small cylindrical tank of heavy water. The tank may include up to approximately 50% ( by volume) of beryllium within the heavy water region. A fraction of the energy of the electrons is converted in the tungsten targets into radially inward-directed bremsstrahlung radiation. Photoneutrons are subsequently generated in the heavy water regions in the tank.
Spatial light modulation by beam coupling in GaAs crystals (1987)

We present the first reported demonstration of spatial light modulation in GaAs using the photorefractive effect. The demonstration was done with a special configuration in which polarization rotation created by beam coupling was utilized.
Electrospinning of Bioresorbable Polymers for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2006)

Since the inception of the field of tissue engineering, there has been a considerable effort to develop an "Ideal" tissue engineering scaffold. To date, investigators have developed materials such as collagen, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) for use in matrix construction with frequently unacceptable results. The construction of an "Ideal" tissue engineering scaffold requires that multiple criteria are met. The first criterion is that the material be biocompatible and function without interrupting other physiological processes. This functionality includes an ability to promote normal cell growth and differentiation while maintaining three-dimensional orientation/space for the cells. Additionally, the scaffold should not induce any adverse tissue reaction. Another criterion involves the production of the scaffold. Scaffold production must include efficient material and construction parameters. The construction must also involve a process by which the scaffold can be easily reproduced to a wide range of shapes and sizes. Once implemented in vitro or in vivo, the material should be completely resorbable, leaving only native tissue. The method of electrospinning provides a simple method to achieve the goals of an "Ideal" tissue engineering scaffold. Electrospinning is the deliberate application of the phenomenon of electrostatic spraying which occurs when electrical forces at the surface of the polymer solution overcome the surface tension, creating a polymer solution jet. The jet produces a fiber with diameters in the micron to nanoscale range (down to 50 nm) as the solvent evaporates. The biodegradable polymer scaffold production (flexible, quick, and simple) utilizes the jet formation of the polymer-based solution from a nozzle to a grounded rotating mandrel. We have successfully electrospun PGA and PLA as pure polymers, co-polymers, and blends with each other as well as with PCL in order to develop novel tissue engineering scaffolds. The electrospinning process allows the production of PGA scaffolds comprised of 100 nm to 1.5 micron diameter fibers. For the PLA and PLA/PCL blends, the fiber diameter produced ranges from 8-10 microns. Obviously, with various composition and fiber dimensions, we can tailor both the mechanical properties and the degradation rates of the electrospun scaffoldings. The electrospinning process also allows us to control fiber orientation in the final fibrous scaffolds, ranging from completely random to predominately aligned. Thus, with these very promising results, it may now be possible to utilize this technology to create the "Ideal" tissue engineering scaffold (mimic tissue structure on demand).
Ultrafine Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings (2018)

Gravity die casting of spheroidal graphite iron had been attempted controlling free nitrogen during preparing base molten iron, magnesium treatment, inoculation and pouring. In this study, the actual CO/SiO2 reaction temperature of base molten irons was surveyed and magnesium treatment was conducted at that temperature. The mold was made of steel and the cavity size was thickness of 5.4 mm and diameter of 35 mm. As the results, ultrafine graphite nodules were obtained without chill in as-cast condition. They were average diameter of 7 µm and density count of over 3,000/mm2. Knuckle for automobile was also cast taking the same procedure. Knuckle had no meager defect like shrinkage, chill etc. in as-cast conditions. The possibility of no chill has become extremely higher than former study.
Magnetic microscopic imaging with an optically pumped magnetometer and flux guides (2017)

By combining an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) with flux guides (FGs) and by installing a sample platform on automated translation stages, we have implemented an ultra-sensitive FG-OPM scanning magnetic imaging system that is capable of detecting magnetic fields of ∼20 pT with spatial resolution better than 300 μm (expected to reach ∼10 pT sensitivity and ∼100 μm spatial resolution with optimized FGs). As a demonstration of one possible application of the FG-OPM device, we conducted magnetic imaging of micron-size magnetic particles. Magnetic imaging of such particles, including nano-particles and clusters, is very important for many fields, especially for medical cancer diagnostics and biophysics applications. For rapid, precise magnetic imaging, we constructed an automatic scanning system, which holds and moves a target sample containing magnetic particles at a given stand-off distance from the FG tips. We show that the device was able to produce clear microscopic magnetic images of 10 μm-size magnetic particles. In addition, we also numerically investigated how the magnetic flux from a target sample at a given stand-off distance is transmitted to the OPM vapor cell.
Electrooptic Polarization Modulation in Multielectrode Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1- x/As Rib Waveguides (1982)

A single mode rib waveguide (RWG) polarization modulator is described with a measured extinction ratio /spl gsim/27 dB, a power conversion /spl ap/0.99, and a switching voltage of 12.5 V at /spl lambda/ = 1.064 µm. The modulator is based on a modified step delta beta-reversal configuration. Contact with CdO and an Au overlay ensures low optical losses (/spl lsim/1 cm/sup -1/) for both polarizations.
Terahertz quantum cascade structures using step wells and longitudinal optical-phonon scattering (2009)

Electron transport properties of terahertz (THz) longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon quantum cascade (QC) structures were modeled, in order to investigate high gain quantum cascade laser (QCL) structures. A new structure, a step well QC structure, was proposed. Under such an arrangement, there are three main energy levels within the step well, where the transition from the upper state to the middle state is at the THz radiative spacing and the transition from the middle state to the lower state is at or near the LOphonon energy (~ 36 meV in GaAs). Because of the inherent difficulties in using rate equations for this type of transport analysis, a Monte Carlo simulation was developed. Step well injectors were modeled and shown to be capable of high injection efficiencies (~ 90%), higher than previously obtained. Comparisons to conventional square well LOphonon structures are made, including a Monte Carlo analysis of a high power THz QCL. Interface roughness scattering was shown to be significant only for roughness greater than approximately one monolayer. It was found that step well structures are capable of high gains and injection efficiencies, with comparable characteristics to other square well designs, but do have increased scattering from the upper state to the lower states.
Family and Line Selection for Elevated Palmitate of Soybean (1999)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with elevated palmitate content is more oxidatively stable than conventional soybean oil. The objective of this study was to compare the family and line methods of selection for elevated palmitate content in four populations segregating for the major genes fap2‐b and fap4 and for modifying genes that influence the trait. Five random F 3 ‐derived lines from each of 20 F 2 families were evaluated in replicated tests during 2 yr at two locations. For the family method, the mean palmitate content of the five F 3 ‐derived lines of each F 2 family was computed for individual replications and the mean of two replications at each environment. For families with ≥250 g kg− 1 palmitate, lines with ≥250 g kg− 1 were selected. For the line method, lines with ≥250 g kg− 1 were chosen without regard to the F 2 family mean. The palmitate contents of the selected and unselected lines based on data from one environment were compared with their mean palmitate content in the other three test environments. There were 50% of the lines incorrectly rejected by the family method and 31% by the line method. Of the lines chosen, 63% were correctly selected by the family method and 60% for the line method. For development of cultivars with elevated palmitate, breeding methods that rely on family Performance would not be more effective or efficient than methods that ignore family structure.
Ranging in a Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) System (2008)

In this letter, optimal ranging in a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system is studied. The theoretical limits on the accuracy of time-of-arrival (TOA) (equivalently, range) estimation are calculated in terms of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Unlike the conventional phased array antenna structure, a more generic fading model is employed, which allows for the analysis of spatial diversity gains from the viewpoint of a ranging system. In addition to the optimal solution, a two-step suboptimal range estimator is proposed, and its performance is compared with the CRLBs.
Conductive elastomeric foams prepared by <i>in situ</i> vapor phase polymerization of pyrrole and copolymerization of pyrrole and N‐methylpyrrole (1998)

Abstract Electrically conductive elastomer foams were prepared by in situ vapor phase copolymerization of pyrrole and N‐methylpyrrole within preformed polyurethane foams. The conductive polymer is formed within the dense polymer phase of the foam, and the conductivity of the composite foam ranged from 10 −1 to 10 −7 S/cm. The conductvity depended on the density of the foam, the amount of conducting polymer incorporated, and the copolymer composition. Replacing with N‐methylpyrrole in the copolymer lowered the conductivity.
The influence of burst length in optical burst switching system with completely isolated classes (2005)

In optical burst switching (OBS) networks, class differentiation is achieved by assigning an adequately long offset time between a burst control packet (BCP) and a data burst (DB). Blocking probability is one of the main performance measures in OBS networks. Though the effects of length distribution of low-class burst and the ratio of arrival rates of low-class and high-class on high-class blocking probability have been studied, there has been no examination of the effects of the length of low-class on burst blocking probability. In this paper, we analyze loss performance of OBS network by examining the burst size of low-class bursts. When we vary the burst size of low-class burst from large to small, the evaluation results show that while the high-class blocking probability remains same, the low-class blocking probability decreases significantly. These results imply that it is important for OBS network designers to take into account the burst size of low-class to improve system performance in OBS networks
Hyperspectral Algorithm for Mapping Tissue Oxygen Saturation (2006)

A simple algorithm based on computational estimates of spectral feature amplitudes in hyperspectral images is described for mapping oxygen delivery in tissue. Features are determined from contiguous image bands spanning the prominent absorption wavelengths of hemoglobin. Pixel values along the z-axis at each image coordinate establish a spectral curve. A reference baseline is obtained by linear interpolation between isosbestic points on the curve which are insensitive to changes in oxygen saturation of the blood. An oxygen-sensitive vector is determined from areas between the recorded curve and baseline, which estimates relative amounts of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin that contribute to the blood spectrum. Corrections are applied to account for variation in total light between recordings, and for the volume of blood at each pixel location in the recording. Here we apply the method to map relative oxygen saturation in the optic nerve head and overlying retinal vessels at normal and elevated intraocular pressure.
Synthesis of some novel potent and selective catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitors (1989)

A series of disubstituted catechol derivatives was synthesized and tested as potential COMT inhibitors. The most active compounds were more than 1000 times more potent (IC50 = 3-6 nM) in vitro than the known COMT inhibitor, 3',4'-dihydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (U 0521, IC50 = 6000 nM). The new compounds were also highly selective COMT inhibitors with no activity against other essential enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of catecholamines.
Defect Monitor Method Based on Sampling Review Plan (2004)

Hi-speed and highly sensitive visual inspection tools are in practical use in the field of semiconductor wafer inspection. Defect review is a critical step to grasp the defect condition, that is, to know what types of defects are occurred on the wafer. However, it is not practical to review whole defects on the wafer because of a quantitative gap between the detected defects and defects to be reviewed within certain practical time. To bridge this gap, a visual pattern detection algorithm of spatially distributed defect points and an optimum defect sampling plan are proposed. Experimental result shows that partial defect review is enough to grasp the defect occurrence condition all over the wafer. by applying the proposed method for defect review.
<title>Application and demonstration of diffractive optics for head-mounted displays</title> (1994)

We present an overview of diffractive optics technology and the advantages this technology offers when applied to head-mounted displays (HMD). We show especially the impact on weight reduction when diffractive elements are used to correct chromatic aberrations in full-color HMDs. We discuss the effect of higher diffractive orders on image quality and show how to model these effects. Finally, we present the results of a demonstration of a diffractive element in a conventional monochromatic HMD, compare the performance of the hybrid and conventional systems, and demonstrate the validity of our model.
Asymmetric Cooperation Among Relays with Linear Precoding (2007)

Fixed and mobile relays are used, among other applications, in the downlink of cellular communications systems. Cooperation between relays can greatly increase their benefits in terms of extended coverage, increased reliability, and improved spectral efficiency. In this paper, we introduce the fundamental notion of asymmetric cooperation. For this, we consider a two-phase transmission protocol where, in the first phase, the base station (BS) sends several available messages to the relays over wireless links. But, depending on the channel state and the duration of the BS transmission, not all relays decode all messages. In a second phase, the relays, which may now have asymmetric message knowledge, use cooperative linear precoding for the transmission to the mobile stations. We show that for many channel configurations, asymmetric cooperation, although (slighlty) sub-optimum for the second phase, is optimum from a total-throughput point of view, as it requires less time and energy in the first phase. We give analytical formulations for the optimum operating parameters and the achievable throughput, and show that under typical circumstances, 20-30% throughput enhancement can be achieved over conventional systems.
Organic batteries: reversible n- and p- type electrochemical doping of polyacetylene, (CH) x (1981)

Films of polyacetylene, (CH)x may be reversibly electrochemically doped n-type and p-type with a veriety of species to give a series of organic metals which may be utilized as a anode- and/or cathode-active material in the fabrication of lightweight rechargeable storage batteries of various types.
<title>Automated recognition of acoustic-image clutter</title> (1996)

The shallow water coastal region is a particularly challenging environment in which to perform automated detection of mines. Sonar images taken in this region contain several types of acoustic image clutter including physical bottom clutter, high reverberation, multipath returns, and artifacts of sonar image construction such as high gain levels. The existence of image clutter is the primary difficulty in performing effective automated detection because this clutter typically results in a high false target rate. The identification and elimination of false targets is therefore required for effective automated target detection. A clutter recognition algorithm has been developed that has been very effective in reducing the false target rate for a set of side look sonars images. This algorithm acts as a supplement to detection and classification algorithms that identify and produce features spaces for possible minelike objects located in the images. The clutter recognition algorithm works by grouping detected objects by location and distance into image subspaces. Sets of group features are then calculated and the values of these features used to determine if each object is an actual mine or is part of an extended clutter formation. When used in conjunction with a statistics based detector and a fractal based target classifier, the clutter recognition algorithm produced an average false target rate of less than two false targets per image even though some of the more cluttered images contained over a hundred detected objects. Also, when used as an adjunct to a neural network classifier, the algorithm reduced the false target rate achieved by the network.
Low-cost dual-mode asymmetric filters in rectangular waveguide (2002)

Dual-mode microwave filters are extensively used in modern communication equipment because they can implement sophisticated and selective filter transfer functions. Their most common implementation is based on circular-waveguide technology and generally requires a rather complex development procedure. In this paper we describe a new implementation of dual-mode filters in standard rectangular waveguide that can be used to produce asymmetric transfer functions. The proposed filter structure can be analyzed and optimized very efficiently using multimode equivalent network representations thus leading to a simple and rapid development procedure. In addition to theory, the measured performance of several filter structures are also presented thereby fully validating the proposed filter concept.