gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition of Sulfur-Containing Components in Onion and Their Flavor Characters (1994)

Sulfur-containing components in an ethanol extract and boiled water extract of onion (Allium cepa L.) were analyzed by HPLC. Trans-(+)-S-propenyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (PeCSO) and its γ-glutamyl peptide (γ-Glu-PeCSO) were the major constituents in the ethanol extract, whereas cycloalliin was the most abundant one in the boiled water extract. The large amount of cycloalliin found in the boiled water extract was mostly derived from PeCSO by heating. PeCSO and γ-Glu-PeCSO showed a characteristic kokumi flavor (continuity, thickness, and mouthfulness) by a sensory test in an umami solution containing 0.05% (w/v) each of monosodium glutamate and disodium inosinate.
The Maximum Entropy Distribution of an Asset Inferred from Option Prices (1996)

This paper describes the application ofthe Principle of Maximum Entropy to the estimation of the distribution of an underlying asset from a set of option prices. The resulting distri? bution is least committal with respect to unknown or missing information and is, hence, the least prejudiced. The maximum entropy distribution is the only information about the asset that can be inferred from the price data alone. An extension to the Principle of Mini? mum Cross-Entropy allows the inclusion of prior knowledge of the asset distribution. We show that the maximum entropy distribution is able to accurately fit a known density, given simulated option prices at different strikes.
Messages in the medium: an experimental investigation of Web advertising effectiveness and attitudes toward Web content (2005)

Although there is much practical interest in Web advertising as a component of marketing on the Internet, there is little theory or evidence about how it works in the context of Web content. This paper reports a laboratory experiment that examines the impact of advertising format (less or more intrusive) medium (print or Web) and Web content structure (linear or non-linear) on a broad range of measures of advertising effectiveness and evaluation of Web content. Several hypotheses based on human information processing considerations are developed and tested. The results show that advertising effectiveness is constant across advertising formats, media, and Web content structures. Evaluation of content was found to be unaffected by medium or Web content structure, but positive related to the presence of advertising, and negatively associated with the level of intrusiveness of advertising format.
Comments on Amy Clampitt’s 'Matoaka' (1994)

"If you're a poet compelled to write a poem for a particular occasion, your muse might well freeze up. Almost a century ago, for example, at Charter Day, 1897, Thomas W. Higginson hailed the College in a poem that included a pleasing tribute (couched in a clever metaphor) from Harvard to William & Mary as "Thou earliest College of our native land/ The first conceived, yet not the earliest born!" But Higginson's poem is flaccid, done in by the bombast characteristic of the genre..."
Client-oriented web alteration detection system using link change state of a web page based on past and current page content (2015)

In this paper, we propose a client-oriented web alteration detection system that uses the changed state of links between the past and current versions of a browsing web page. Some measures against malicious web page alterations have been developed, such as URL-blacklist based access control. The limitations of such measures, however, are the coverage and timeliness. It is very difficult to capture all maliciously altered web page data on the Internet. A time delay from when an attacker alters a web page to when a browser blocks access to the web page is unavoidable. We focus on a page alteration such as a code injection or a page modification without a change in the visual layout. Such an alteration may lead users to experience further security threats. To detect altered web pages, whenever a user views a web page, our system extracts the link-based feature data from the page and stores it in a database. In addition, if the database has the feature data of a browsing web page from a previous access time, the system extracts the change in state of all links on the web page based on both the previous and current page content. Moreover, the results are provided to the users through a visual representation. Our system assists web-browsing users to remain aware of malicious alterations to a browsing web page. We believe that our system can engage web-browsing users to monitor web page alterations.
Attenuating PP/PET bicomponent melt blown microfibers (2003)

Abstract This research investigated the attenuation of polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bicomponent (bico) filaments during the melt blowing (MB) process. It was found that both mono‐ and bi‐component filaments attenuated from several hundred micrometers to a few micrometers in the first 5 centimeters from the die. However, fiber diameter distributions were found to be broad in these regions. The filaments were attenuated much slower but exhibited narrower diameter distributions as they moved further from the die. The diameters of bico MB filaments were between those of 100% PP and 100% PET filaments. The PET component in a bico filament controls the final fiber diameter. During melt blowing, filaments were aligned orderly with the airflow direction in a short distance near the die. Filament entanglements started at about 2.5 cm from the die and became more and more randomly oriented as the distance‐from‐the‐die (DFD) increased. The fiber diameter distribution of bico filaments was broader than that of 100% PP filaments. A higher airflow rate led to a narrower fiber size distribution for bico filaments.
<i>Bacillus</i>species in soil as a natural resource for plant health and nutrition (2019)

The genus Bacillus is one of the predominant bacterial genera found in soil, and several species of this genus have been reported from diverse ecological niches. Endowed with tremendous genetic and metabolic diversity, Bacillus spp. serve multiple ecological functions in soil ecosystem from nutrient cycling to conferring stress tolerance to plants. Members of the genus Bacillus are known to have multiple beneficial traits which help the plants directly or indirectly through acquisition of nutrients, overall improvement in growth by production of phytohormones, protection from pathogens and other abiotic stressors. This functionally versatile genus is one of the most commercially exploited bacteria in the agro-biotechnology industry. Still its potential has not been realized sufficiently and requires an emphasis towards translating the relevant technologies from laboratory to land for the benefit of mankind.
In vitro human embryonic stem cell hematopoiesis mimics MYB-independent yolk sac hematopoiesis (2014)

Although hematopoietic precursor activity can be generated in vitro from human embryonic stem cells, there is no solid evidence for the appearance of multipotent, self-renewing and transplantable hematopoietic stem cells. This could be due to short half-life of hematopoietic stem cells in culture or, alternatively, human embryonic stem cell-initiated hematopoiesis may be hematopoietic stem cell-independent, similar to yolk sac hematopoiesis, generating multipotent progenitors with limited expansion capacity. Since a MYB was reported to be an excellent marker for hematopoietic stem cell-dependent hematopoiesis, we generated a MYB-eGFP reporter human embryonic stem cell line to study formation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. We found CD34(+) hemogenic endothelial cells rounding up and developing into CD43(+) hematopoietic cells without expression of MYB-eGFP. MYB-eGFP(+) cells appeared relatively late in embryoid body cultures as CD34(+)CD43(+)CD45(-/lo) cells. These MYB-eGFP(+) cells were CD33 positive, proliferated in IL-3 containing media and hematopoietic differentiation was restricted to the granulocytic lineage. In agreement with data obtained on murine Myb(-/-) embryonic stem cells, bright eGFP expression was observed in a subpopulation of cells, during directed myeloid differentiation, which again belonged to the granulocytic lineage. In contrast, CD14(+) macrophage cells were consistently eGFP(-) and were derived from eGFP-precursors only. In summary, no evidence was obtained for in vitro generation of MYB(+) hematopoietic stem cells during embryoid body cultures. The observed MYB expression appeared late in culture and was confined to the granulocytic lineage.
Fault tolerant memory design for HW/SW co-reliability in massively parallel computing systems (2003)

A highly dependable embedded fault-tolerant memory architecture for high performance massively parallel computing applications and its dependability assurance techniques are proposed and discussed in this paper. The proposed fault tolerant memory provides two distinctive repair mechanisms: the permanent laser redundancy reconfiguration during the wafer probe stage in the factory to enhance its manufacturing yield and the dynamic BIST/BISD/BISR (built-in-self-test-diagnosis-repair)-based reconfiguration of the redundant resources in field to maintain high field reliability. The system reliability which is mainly determined by hardware configuration demanded by software and field reconfiguration/repair utilizing unused processor and memory modules is referred to as HW/SW Co-reliability. Various system configuration options in terms of parallel processing unit size and processor/memory intensity are also introduced and their HW/SW Co-reliability characteristics are discussed. A modeling and assurance technique for HW/SW Co-reliability with emphasis on the dependability assurance techniques based on combinatorial modeling suitable for the proposed memory design is developed and validated by extensive parametric simulations. Thereby, design and Implementation of memory-reliability-optimized and highly reliable fault-tolerant field reconfigurable massively parallel computing systems can be achieved.
Detection of chicken meat in raw meat mixtures by the double method of an enzyme immunoassay and an immunoblotting technique (1994)

Polyclonal antibodies were raised in male New Zealand White rabbits against a 0.5% (v/v) Lubrol PX protein extract of crude chicken red bone marrow. Following serum protein removal by ammonium sulphate precipitation, the serum was affinity‐purified against muscle protein from a selection of different species. The antiserum, when assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, was shown not to recognize any proteins from specimens other than chicken hand‐deboned (HDM) and mechanically separated (MSM) meats, with the reaction towards MSM chicken being significantly stronger than that against HDM chicken. When the same samples were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose by Western blotting and immunochemically stained with the affinity‐purified antiserum, they showed specific staining of protein bands within chicken HDM and MSM, with no reaction towards any proteins of any other species. A band common to both chicken HDM and MSM at about 45 kDa , and a band specific for MSM at 70 kDa were the major immunoreactive proteins.
Epoetin Delta as an Antifibrotic Agent in the Remnant Kidney Rat: A Possible Role for Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (2010)

Epoetin delta treatment could delay the progression of CRF through antiapoptotic and antifibrotic mechanisms. This protective action of epoetin delta on the kidney probably is not directly related to its hematopoietic effects.
Experimental studies and experience on a 1 MWe superheated steam tower CSP demonstrator (2018)

This paper presents the synthesis of experimental studies on a 1MWe superheated steam tower CSP demonstrator in Beijing. The demonstrator includes solar field with 100 heliostats of 100 m2, a cavity steam receiver composed of a steam tank, evaporator panels and superheater panels, power block and thermal energy storage system using thermal oil as storage fluid. A series of campaigns have been carried out since 2012 to study the demonstrator performance. The campaign topics cover superheated steam production, power generation, system start-up/shut-down, transient scenario response, and thermal storage system charging/discharging. Through the feedback of campaigns, experiences have been gained on system operation, maintenance, transient scenario response and thermal energy storage.
Utility-interactive solar power conditioner using high-frequency sinewave modulated inverter for distributed small-scale power supply (2002)

The utility interactive sinewave soft commutation inverter using IGBTs for solar photovoltaic power conditioner with a high frequency transformer is presented for residential applications. As compared with the conventional full-bridge hard switching sinewave PWM inverter with a high frequency link, the simplest single-ended quasi-resonant soft switching sinewave inverter with a sinewave duty cycle control scheme is developed, resulting in size and weight reduction, low-cost and efficiency. This paper presents a prototype system of the sinewave ZVS-PWM inverter for solar power generator, along with its operating principle and unique features. In addition to these, this paper discusses a control implementation to deliver high quality output current to be injected into the utility 1φ AC. The power loss analysis under actual power conditioning and processing is also discussed and evaluated from an experimental point of view. A compact utility-interactive sinewave power conditioning circuit which achieves 92.5% efficiency under 4 kW output is demonstrated.
Discovery and characterization of inhibitors of human palmitoyl acyltransferases (2006)

The covalent attachment of palmitate to specific proteins by the action of palmitoyl acyltransferases (PAT) plays critical roles in the biological activities of several oncoproteins. Two PAT activities are expressed by human cells: type 1 PATs that modify the farnesyl-dependent palmitoylation motif found in H- and N-Ras, and type 2 PATs that modify the myristoyl-dependent palmitoylation motif found in the Src family of tyrosine kinases. We have previously shown that the type 1 PAT HIP14 causes cellular transformation. In the current study, we show that mRNA encoding HIP14 is up-regulated in a number of types of human tumors. To assess the potential of HIP14 and other PATs as targets for new anticancer drugs, we developed three cell-based assays suitable for high-throughput screening to identify inhibitors of these enzymes. Using these screens, five chemotypes, with activity toward either type 1 or type 2 PAT activity, were identified. The activity of the hits were confirmed using assays that quantify the in vitro inhibition of PAT activity, as well as a cell-based assay that determines the abilities of the compounds to prevent the localization of palmitoylated green fluorescent proteins to the plasma membrane. Representative compounds from each chemotype showed broad antiproliferative activity toward a panel of human tumor cell lines and inhibited the growth of tumors in vivo. Together, these data show that PATs, and HIP14 in particular, are interesting new targets for anticancer compounds, and that small molecules with such activity can be identified by high-throughput screening.
New Fe&ndash;Co&ndash;Ni&ndash;Zr&ndash;B Amorphous Alloys with Wide Supercooled Liquid Regions and Good Soft Magnetic Properties (1997)

New Fe-based amorphous alloys in Fe–Co–Ni–Zr–B system exhibiting a wide supercooled liquid region before crystallization and good soft magnetic properties were found to be formed by melt spinning. The composition range of the amorphous (Fe1−x−yCoxNiy)70Zr10B20 alloys with the wide supercooled liquid region above 50 K extends from 0 to 36 at%Co and 0 to 30%Ni and the largest value of the supercooled liquid region defined by the difference between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tx), ΔTx(=Tx−Tg) is 68 K for Fe56Co7Ni7Zr10B20. The crystallization from the supercooled liquid of the Fe56Co7Ni7Zr10B20 alloy upon continuous heating occurs through a single stage and the resulting crystallized structure consists of α-Fe, Fe2Zr and Fe3B phases containing Co and Ni elements. These Fe-based amorphous alloys exhibit good soft magnetic properties and the saturation magnetization, coercive force, permeability at 1 kHz and Curie temperature are respectively 0.96 T, 2.41 A/m, 17700 and 567 K for the amorphous Fe56Co7Ni7Zr10B20 alloy annealed for 600 s at 750 K. The finding of the Fe-based amorphous alloys with good soft magnetic properties and high thermal stability of the supercooled liquid is important for future development of ferromagnetic bulk amorphous alloys.
Characterization of Vanadium Deposit Formation at a Hydrogen Evolving Electrode in Alkaline Media (2001)

Although nickel exhibits a high electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction, it undergoes extensive deactivation as a cathode during alkaline water electrolysis. The addition of dissolved to the electrolyte results in partial reactivation of nickel cathodes in 8 mol/L KOH at 70°C by formation of a vanadium-rich deposit. Various analytical techniques were employed to characterize the deposit in terms of surface morphology, phase analysis, and chemical composition. The deposit on nickel had a smooth and compact surface with a thickness of 1-2 μm. X-ray diffraction results indicated an amorphous structure with a Scherrer's length less than 2 nm. Chemical and thermal analyses led to an empirical compound formula of That formula implied a mixed-valence vanadium compound, later confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanism of deposit formation was then investigated by cyclic voltammetry on a mercury electrode. A cathodic peak representing the reduction of vanadium species was apparent near the onset of hydrogen evolution on mercury. The behavior of the cathodic peak with concentration and sweep rate revealed key steps in the mechanisms of deposit formation. Deposit formation was modeled as an irreversible precipitation/polymerization reaction following a charge transfer step, to produce a large, mixed-valence vanadium compound. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The angiotensin I converting enzyme gene and predisposition to high blood pressure. (1993)

Phenotypic abnormalities of the renin-angiotensin system have been associated with the predisposition to high blood pressure. The angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been implicated as a candidate gene. We examined the distribution of common alleles of the ACE gene and measured circulating components of the renin-angiotensin system and urinary sodium excretion in 170 young Caucasian adults with contrasting genetic predisposition to high blood pressure. Predisposition was defined on the basis of personal and parental blood pressure levels by using the four corners sampling method. Young adults with greatest predisposition who had high blood pressure and two parents with high blood pressure did not show any significant difference in the distribution of the markers of the ACE gene, either as genotype or allele frequencies, when compared with young adults with least predisposition who had low blood pressure and two parents with low blood pressure. Offspring with urinary sodium excretion above the median (143.4 mmol per day) also showed no significant differences in the distribution of ACE alleles or genotype between groups. Different genotypes were associated with different average serum ACE concentrations (p < 0.0001), but plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone showed no significant variation with ACE genotype. These results suggest that in a group of Caucasians selected from the general population, the ACE gene is not associated with genetic predisposition to high blood pressure. In this population common ACE gene allelic markers would not be useful indexes of susceptibility to hypertension.
Faraday communications. From bulk CeO<sub>2</sub>to supported cerium–oxygen clusters: a diffuse reflectance approach (1992)

The diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–VIS) of bulk and silica-supported CeO2(⩽1.10% Ce) are presented. Very small supported cerium oxide particles (10–15 Å) are obtained, which exhibit distinct spectral features assigned to surface cerium oxygen species.
Parametric sensitivity of stoichiometric flux balance models applied to wild‐type <i>Escherichia coli</i> metabolism (1995)

Stoichiometrically based flux balance models provide a method to quantify the metabolic pathway fluxes within a living cell. Predictions of flux balance models are expected to have applications in pathway engineering as well as in bioprocess design and control. These models utilize optimality principles applied to metabolic pathway stoichiometry along with the metabolic requirements for growth to determine the flux distribution in a metabolic network. A flux balance model has been developed for Escherichia coli W3110 using five experimentally determined strain-specific parameters. In this report, we determine the sensitivity of the predictions of the flux balance model to these five strain-specific parameters. Model predictions are shown to be sensitive to the two parameters describing metabolic capacity, while they are relatively insensitive to the three parameters that describe the metabolic requirements for growth. Thus, when stoichiometrically based models are formulated for additional strains one needs to measure the metabolic capacity (maximum rates of nutrient and oxygen utilization) accurately. Determination of metabolic capacity from batch experiments is relatively easy to perform. On the other hand, the harder to determine maintenance parameters need not be as accurately determined. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acquired Spontaneous, Nontraumatic Normal-Pressure Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulas Originating from the Middle Fossa (1977)

Five cases of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas originating from the middle fossa are described, including one patient with an "empty" sella. It is suggested that acquired meningocele and meningoencephalocele progress to become CSF fistulas. The normal anatomical and physiological factors which give rise to acquired bone/dural/arachnoid dehiscences are discussed and illustrated.
2-D shape classification using hidden Markov model (1991)

The authors present a planar shape recognition approach based on the hidden Markov model and autoregressive parameters. This approach segments closed shapes to make classifications at a finer level. The algorithm can tolerate a lot of shape contour perturbation and a moderate amount of occlusion. An orientation scheme is described to make the overall classification insensitive to shape orientation. Excellent recognition results have been reported. A distinct advantage of the approach is that the classifier does not have to be trained again when a new class of shapes is added.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification and characterization of phosphatidylinositol synthase from human placenta (1994)

Phosphatidylinositol synthase (CDP-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:myoinositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase, EC 2.7.8.11) was purified from the microsomal fraction of human placenta. The Triton X-100-extracted enzyme was purified 8300-fold over the microsomal fraction by affinity chromatography on CDP-diacylglycerol-Sepharose followed by ion-exchange chromatography on Mono Q. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 24,000 Da on SDS/PAGE. The enzyme had a pH optimum at 9.0, required Mn2+ or Mg2+, and was inhibited by Ca2+ and Zn2+. The Km for myo-inositol was determined to be 0.28 mM. Optimal activity was obtained at 0.2-0.4 mM CDP-diacylglycerol; higher concentrations of the lipid substrate inhibited the enzyme reaction. The enzyme was inhibited by nucleoside di- and tri-phosphates, Pi and PPi. CDP competitively inhibited the enzyme reaction with a Kis of 4 mM. The optimal temperature for the PtdIns synthase reaction was 50 degrees C.