gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Long-Range UHF-Band Passive RFID Tag IC Based on High- $Q$ Design Approach (2008)

We present a fully integrated long-range UHF-band passive radio-frequency-identification tag chip fabricated in 0.35-mum CMOS using titanium (Ti/Al/Ta/Al)-silicon Schottky diodes. The diodes showed low turn-on voltages of 95 and 140 mV for diode currents of 1 and 5 muA, respectively. In addition, the Schottky diodes exhibited low-resistive loss, and a high-Q -factor design approach was exploited to achieve a long read range for the tag integrated circuit (IC). An optimized voltage multiplier resulted in an excellent sensitivity of -14.8 dBm and corresponding power-conversion efficiency of 36.2% for generating an output voltage of 1.5 V at 900 MHz. The range analysis of the measured multiplier performance indicated an operating range of more than 9 m at 4-W Effective Isotropically Radiated Power reader power. The subthreshold-mode operation of an ASK demodulator allowed ultralow power operation. Under power consumption as low as 27 nW, the demodulator supported a data rate of 150 kb/s and a modulation depth of 40%. A new architecture for generating a stable system clock (2.2 MHz) for the tag IC was employed to deal with supply voltage and temperature variations. Measurements showed that the clock generator had an error of 0.91% from the center frequency owing to an 8-b digital calibration scheme.
Two-dimensional linear prediction and its application to adaptive predictive coding of images (1984)

This paper summarizes a study on two-dimensional linear prediction of images and its application to adaptive predictive coding of monochrome images. The study was focused on three major areas: two-dimensional linear prediction of images and its performance, implementation of an adaptive predictor and adaptive quantizer for use in image coding, and linear prediction and adaptive predictive coding of density (logarithm of intensity) images. Among the issues investigated are: autoregressive modeling of 2-D image sequences, estimation of the nonzero average bias of the image samples, stability of the inverse prediction error filter, and estimation of the parameters of a 2-D separable linear predictor. The implementation of the adaptive predictor is based on the results of linear predictive analysis. The adaptive quantization of the prediction error signal is done by using a flexible three-level quantizer for code words of fixed or variable length. The above ideas are further applied to density images for exploiting the multiplicative structure of images. The results of this research indicate that by using adaptive prediction and quantization, intensity and density coded images of high quality can be obtained at information rates as low as 0.7 bits/pixel.
Fetal and Maternal Genes’ Influence on Gestational Age in a Quantitative Genetic Analysis of 244,000 Swedish Births (2013)

Although there is increasing evidence that genetic factors influence gestational age, it is unclear to what extent this is due to fetal and/or maternal genes. In this study, we apply a novel analytical model to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to pregnancy history records obtained from 165,952 Swedish families consisting of offspring of twins, full siblings, and half-siblings (1987-2008). Results indicated that fetal genetic factors explained 13.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.8, 19.4) of the variation in gestational age at delivery, while maternal genetic factors accounted for 20.6% (95% CI: 18.1, 23.2). The largest contribution to differences in the timing of birth were environmental factors, of which 10.1% (95% CI: 7.0, 13.2) was due to factors shared by births of the same mother, and 56.2% (95% CI: 53.0, 59.4) was pregnancy specific. Similar models fit to the same data dichotomized at clinically meaningful thresholds (e.g., preterm birth) resulted in less stable parameter estimates, but the collective results supported a model of homogeneous genetic and environmental effects across the range of gestational age. Since environmental factors explained most differences in the timing of birth, genetic studies may benefit from understanding the specific effect of fetal and maternal genes in the context of these yet-unidentified factors.
Physician-attributable Differences in Intensive Care Unit Costs (2006)

There are large differences among intensivists in the amount of resources they use to manage critically ill patients. Higher resource use was not associated with lower length of stay or mortality.
Antiproliferative Triterpenoid Saponins of <i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> from the Madagascar Dry Forest (2009)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOH extract obtained from the roots of the Madagascan plant Dodonaea viscosa led to the isolation of two new antiproliferative oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, dodoneasides A and B (1 and 2). The structures of these two new compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1 and 2 showed antiproliferative activity against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line with IC(50) values of 0.79 and 0.70 muM, respectively.
Synchronous Capture of Image Sequences from Multiple Cameras. (1995)

Several applications today need to digitally capture every frame of a video stream or a camera.These range from psychological studies to surveillance to video processing.Some applications also need to capture the frames from multiple video streams synchronously and to correlate them with one another.A video stream of color data, though, represents a sustained bandwidth of about 26 Mbytes per second from the digitizing hardware to a secondary storage device without compression.This rate is well beyond the capabilities of most affordable systems today.We present a system that can synchronously capture every frame --or any user-specified subset of them -from multiple cameras at full resolution and store them on a reg- ular secondary storage device.The outputs of the cameras are recorded on tape using conventional VCRs.The Vertical Interval Time Code (VITC) is inserted onto each stream before recording.Each tape is played back, repeatedly under computer control if necessary, off-line on an editing VCR to grab the frames using a commercial digitizer.The VITC data is used to directly identify the frames while the tape is played back.We believe this is the first system in the world that can capture every frame from multiple video streams synchronously, fully scalable in the number of streams and the duration of capture.Finally, the system is inexpensive, costing $500 per channel.We present the system, its components, and the process of verifying the capturing process.We then discuss a few computer vision research projects made feasible by such a system.
DC and RF Performance of Gate-Last AlN/GaN MOSHEMTs on Si With Regrown Source/Drain (2013)

This paper presents the fabrication and characteristics of self-aligned gate-last AlN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOSHEMTs) featuring regrown source/drain for low ON-state resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ). Previously, we demonstrated conventional enhancement-mode AlN/GaN MOSHEMTs on Si substrate with excellent DC performance but limited RF characteristics by large parasitic gate-to-source/drain overlap capacitance. In this paper, the self-aligned gate-last process was developed to minimize the parasitic capacitance. SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> sidewall and supporting layer were inserted to separate the gate head and source/drain. In the gate-last devices, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> has been improved to be ~40 GHz with a channel length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) of 210 nm. Delay time analysis showed that drain delay was relatively small compared with gate transit and parasitic charging time because of the self-aligned structure.
Risk Perception and Response to the COVID-19 Infectious Disease Crisis (2021)

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between economic risk, lifestyle, psychological state, and risk prevention behavior under COVID-19 risk perception. As a result of the analysis, it was found that risk perception regarding COVID-19 has a significant effect on economic risk, lifestyle, and psychological state. Based on these research results, the policy implications for the infectious disease crisis are as follows. First, in order to conduct education for the prevention of infectious diseases, it is necessary to develop and disseminate educational materials for each characteristic of infectious disease, and to enhance the infectious disease management capabilities of schools and offices of education. Second, in order to protect individual psychological health from infectious diseases, it is important to take measures such as psychological intervention and support. Third, the economic risk caused by COVID-19 requires the establishment of an institution at the government level. Considering the long-term spread of COVID-19, the high fatality rate and the degree of damage, it is difficult to solve the problem with disaster subsidies or disaster basic income alone, so it is necessary to link the tax system, disaster subsidy, and disaster basic income system.
Identification and Characterization of GIV, a Novel Gαi/s -interacting Protein Found on COPI, Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Transport Vesicles (2005)

In this report, we characterize GIV (Galpha-interacting vesicle-associated protein), a novel protein that binds members of the Galpha(i) and Galpha subfamilies of heterotrimeric G proteins. The Galpha(s) interaction site was mapped to an 83-amino acid region of GIV that is enriched in highly charged amino acids. BLAST searches revealed two additional mammalian family members, Daple and an uncharacterized protein, FLJ00354. These family members share the highest homology at the Galpha binding domain, are homologous at the N terminus and central coiled coil domain but diverge at the C terminus. Using affinity-purified IgG made against two different regions of the protein, we localized GIV to COPI, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport vesicles concentrated in the Golgi region in GH3 pituitary cells and COS7 cells. Identification as COPI vesicles was based on colocalization with beta-COP, a marker for these vesicles. GIV also codistributes in the Golgi region with endogenous calnuc and the KDEL receptor, which are cis Golgi markers and with Galpha(i3)-yellow fluorescent protein expressed in COS7 cells. By immunoelectron microscopy, GIV colocalizes with beta-COP and Galpha(i3) on vesicles found in close proximity to ER exit sites and to cis Golgi cisternae. In cell fractions prepared from rat liver, GIV is concentrated in a carrier vesicle fraction (CV2) enriched in ER-Golgi transport vesicles. beta-COP and several Galpha subunits (Galpha(i1-3), Galpha(s)) are also most enriched in CV2. Our results demonstrate the existence of a novel Galpha-interacting protein associated with COPI transport vesicles that may play a role in Galpha-mediated effects on vesicle trafficking within the Golgi and/or between the ER and the Golgi.
Mono-Energy Coronary Angiography with a Compact Synchrotron Source (2017)

X-ray coronary angiography is an invaluable tool for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, the use of iodine-based contrast media can be contraindicated for patients who present with chronic renal insufficiency or with severe iodine allergy. These patients could benefit from a reduced contrast agent concentration, possibly achieved through application of a mono-energetic x-ray beam. While large-scale synchrotrons are impractical for daily clinical use, the technology of compact synchrotron sources strongly advanced during the last decade. Here we present a quantitative analysis of the benefits a compact synchrotron source can offer in coronary angiography. Simulated projection data from quasi-mono-energetic and conventional x-ray tube spectra is used for a CNR comparison. Results show that compact synchrotron spectra would allow for a significant reduction of contrast media. Experimentally, we demonstrate the feasibility of coronary angiography at the Munich Compact Light Source, the first commercial installation of a compact synchrotron source.
STEALTHMEM: system-level protection against cache-based side channel attacks in the cloud (2012)

Cloud services are rapidly gaining adoption due to the promises of cost efficiency, availability, and on-demand scaling. To achieve these promises, cloud providers share physical resources to support multi-tenancy of cloud platforms. However, the possibility of sharing the same hardware with potential attackers makes users reluctant to offload sensitive data into the cloud. Worse yet, researchers have demonstrated side channel attacks via shared memory caches to break full encryption keys of AES, DES, and RSA. We present STEALTHMEM, a system-level protection mechanism against cache-based side channel attacks in the cloud. STEALTHMEM manages a set of locked cache lines per core, which are never evicted from the cache, and efficiently multiplexes them so that each VM can load its own sensitive data into the locked cache lines. Thus, any VM can hide memory access patterns on confidential data from other VMs. Unlike existing state-of-the-art mitigation methods, STEALTHMEM works with existing commodity hardware and does not require profound changes to application software. We also present a novel idea and prototype for isolating cache lines while fully utilizing memory by exploiting architectural properties of set-associative caches. STEALTHMEM imposes 5.9% of performance overhead on the SPEC 2006 CPU benchmark, and between 2 % and 5 % overhead on secured AES, DES and Blowfish, requiring only between 3 and 34 lines of code changes from the original implementations.
Assessment of PROFIBUS Networks Using a Fault Injection Framework (2006)

Industrial control systems architectures have been evolving to the decentralization of control tasks. This evolution associated with the time-critical nature of these tasks, increases the dependability requirements for one of their most critical components: the communication system. Therefore, this is an important aspect on the control system design which must be properly evaluated. In this paper the dependability of a PROFIBUS network is assessed. By using of a fault injection framework the network operation is disturbed with fault scenarios which are representative of industrial environments. From these experiments, the stability of the PROFIBUS logical ring is analyzed, the main outages causes are identified and their probabilities are obtained.
High power density superconducting rotating machines—development status and technology roadmap (2017)

Superconducting technology applications in electric machines have long been pursued due to their significant advantages of higher efficiency and power density over conventional technology. However, in spite of many successful technology demonstrations, commercial adoption has been slow, presumably because the threshold for value versus cost and technology risk has not yet been crossed. One likely path for disruptive superconducting technology in commercial products could be in applications where its advantages become key enablers for systems which are not practical with conventional technology. To help systems engineers assess the viability of such future solutions, we present a technology roadmap for superconducting machines. The timeline considered was ten years to attain a Technology Readiness Level of 6+, with systems demonstrated in a relevant environment. Future projections, by definition, are based on the judgment of specialists, and can be subjective. Attempts have been made to obtain input from a broad set of organizations for an inclusive opinion. This document was generated through a series of teleconferences and in-person meetings, including meetings at the 2015 IEEE PES General meeting in Denver, CO, the 2015 ECCE in Montreal, Canada, and a final workshop in April 2016 at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign that brought together a broad group of technical experts spanning the industry, government and academia.
Randomized Phase I Healthy Volunteer Study of <scp>UTTR</scp>1147A (<scp>IL</scp>‐22Fc): A Potential Therapy for Epithelial Injury (2018)

Most treatments for epithelial injury target hematopoietic mechanisms, possibly causing immunosuppression. Interleukin (IL)-22 promotes tissue regeneration, acting directly on epithelial cells. UTTR1147A, a human IL-22Fc (immunoglobulin G (IgG)4) fusion protein, activates IL-22 signaling. This phase I placebo-controlled trial of single, ascending, i.v. (1-120 μg/kg) and s.c (3-120 μg/kg) doses of UTTR1147A analyzed its effects on safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in healthy volunteers. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate. The maximum tolerated i.v. dose in healthy volunteers was 90 μg/kg. Predominant AEs were dose-dependent reversible skin effects consistent with IL-22 pharmacology. UTTR1147A exposure increased approximately dose-proportionally, with a half-life of ~1 week. IL-22 biomarkers (regenerating islet protein 3A (REG3A), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP)) increased dose-dependently. Neither inflammatory symptoms and signs nor cytokines increased with CRP elevations. UTTR1147A demonstrated acceptable safety, pharmacokinetics, and IL-22R engagement, supporting further clinical development.
Experimental evidence that corticosterone affects offspring sex ratios in quail (2006)

Recent studies have shown that some species of birds have a remarkable degree of control over the sex ratio of offspring they produce. However, the mechanism by which they achieve this feat is unknown. Hormones circulating in the breeding female are particularly sensitive to environmental perturbations, and so could provide a mechanism for her to bias the sex ratio of her offspring in favour of the sex that would derive greatest benefit from the prevailing environmental conditions. Here, we present details of an experiment in which we manipulated levels of testosterone, 17beta-oestradiol and corticosterone in breeding female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) using Silastic implants and looked for effects on the sex ratio of offspring produced. Offspring sex ratio in this species was significantly correlated with faecal concentrations of the principal avian stress hormone, corticosterone, and artificially elevated levels of corticosterone resulted in significantly female-biased sex ratios at laying. Varying testosterone and 17beta-oestradiol had no effect on sex ratio alone, and faecal levels of these hormones did not vary in response to corticosterone. Our results suggest that corticosterone may be part of the sex-biasing process in birds.
Mechanical performances of a symmetrical, monolithic three-dimensional fine-motion stage for nanometrology (1999)

A centro-symmetrical, monolithic three-dimensional fine-motion stage was investigated in terms of its static and dynamic characteristics. The outer frame with the size of a 100 mm cube includes differently sized, concentric X/Y/Z linear motion stages. The yaw, pitch and roll of each stage are reduced to less than 0.014 arcsec µm-1 by adjusting the position of the axial load. From three-axis laser-interferometer measurements, a uniaxial load led to linear displacement with the deviation along the other axes of less than 0.06% of 10 µm travel. A simple frequency spectrum for the impulse response without any resonance crosstalk other than the expected resonance peak was obtained for each axis.
Application of Molecular Absorption Properties of Horseradish Peroxidase for Self-Indicating Enzymatic Interactions and Analytical Methods (2004)

In this paper an in depth study is presented of the use of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme as a self-indicating biorecognition reagent in UV-vis molecular absorption spectrometry. The HRP/H2O2 reaction mechanism in the absence of an external substrate has been clarified, and the interaction between HRP and glucose oxidase (GOx) has been studied. It has been demonstrated that GOx can act as a substrate of HRP; in both cases the kinetic constants have been obtained and mathematical models have been developed. Second, the HRP/H2O2 reaction is used to follow a H2O2-producing enzymatic reaction, the glucose reaction with GOx being used as a model. As an application of this, two methodologies have been proposed for glucose determination: with or without previous incubation of glucose with GOx. In both cases mathematical models relating HRP absorbance changes to glucose concentration have been developed and tested; both methods have been optimized, analytically characterized, and tested for glucose determination in samples. The methodology described could be applied to other heme-proteins and to other H2O2-producing enzymatic reactions. The models permit the reaction constants to be calculated. From the analytical chemistry point of view the models allow the prediction of the method sensitivity for other analytes involved in this type of reaction if the kinetic constants are known and can be used in the design of optical sensors.
Exploring the Use of Mothers' Own Milk as Oral Care for Mechanically Ventilated Very Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants (2013)

There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of positive tracheal aspirates and blood cultures after implementation of oral care with mothers' own milk. The findings of this study suggest that using mothers' own milk as part of the VAP-prevention bundle is a feasible and safe practice; however, further research is needed to determine the immunological benefits of this practice.
Sexually dimorphic response of colorectal motility to noxious stimuli in the colorectum in rats (2020)

We previously demonstrated that noxious stimuli in the colorectum enhance colorectal motility through activation of descending pain inhibitory pathways in male rats. It can be expected that the regulatory mechanisms of colorectal motility differ in males and females owing to remarkable sex differences in descending pain inhibitory pathways. Thus, we aimed to clarify sex differences in responses of colorectal motility to noxious stimuli in rats. Colorectal motility was measured in vivo in anaesthetized rats. Administration of a noxious stimulant, capsaicin, into the colorectal lumen enhanced colorectal motility in male rats but not in female rats. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that TRPV1 expression levels in the dorsal root ganglia and in the colorectal mucosa were comparable in male and female rats. When a GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor inhibitor was intrathecally administered to the L6-S1 level of the spinal cord, colorectal motility was facilitated in response to intracolonic capsaicin even in female rats. The capsaicin-induced response in the presence of the GABA blocker in female rats was inhibited by intrathecal administration of 5-HT2 and -3 receptor antagonists but not by a D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist. Our findings demonstrate that intracolonic noxious stimulation activates GABAergic and serotoninergic descending neurons in female rats, whereas serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurons are dominantly activated in male rats. Thus, the difference in the descending neurons operating after noxious stimulation would be responsible for the sexually dimorphic responses of colorectal motility. Our findings provide a novel insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of sex differences in functional defaecation disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome.
Larch arabinogalactan effects on reducing incidence of upper respiratory infections (2013)

The present study demonstrated that larch arabinogalactan increased the body's potential to defend against common cold infection. While the immunomodulatory effect of arabinogalactan can be assumed, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.