gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Timing-jitter reduction in a dispersion-managed soliton system (1998)

We found by using Monte Carlo simulations that the timing jitter in a dispersion-managed soliton system decreases as the strength of the dispersion management and hence the ratio of the pulse energy to the pulse bandwidth increases. The results are in qualitative but not quantitative agreement with earlier predictions that the decrease is inversely proportional to the square root of the pulse energy. Using an improved semi-analytical theory, we obtained quantitative agreement with the simulations.
Ligand Engineering for the Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Ruthenium Sensitizers and Cobalt Electrolytes (2016)

Over the past 20 years, ruthenium(II)-based dyes have played a pivotal role in turning dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) into a mature technology for the third generation of photovoltaics. However, the classic I3(-)/I(-) redox couple limits the performance and application of this technique. Simply replacing the iodine-based redox couple by new types like cobalt(3+/2+) complexes was not successful because of the poor compatibility between the ruthenium(II) sensitizer and the cobalt redox species. To address this problem and achieve higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), we introduce here six new cyclometalated ruthenium(II)-based dyes developed through ligand engineering. We tested DSCs employing these ruthenium(II) complexes and achieved PCEs of up to 9.4% using cobalt(3+/2+)-based electrolytes, which is the record efficiency to date featuring a ruthenium-based dye. In view of the complicated liquid DSC system, the disagreement found between different characterizations enlightens us about the importance of the sensitizer loading on TiO2, which is a subtle but equally important factor in the electronic properties of the sensitizers.
A wireless interstitial pressure sensor with a Guyton chamber (2013)

In this paper, we present a wireless interstitial fluid pressure sensor incorporating a perforated chamber first introduced by A. C. Guyton. The Guyton chamber allows for an accurate measurement of IFP without the interference from various cellular components by permitting the interstitial fluid to penetrate the chamber after implantation. The sensor consists of a coil, an air chamber, a silicone membrane embedded with a nickel plate, and a Guyton chamber. The fabricated device is 6 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness. The measured sensitivity is 20 kHz/mmHg from -5 to 15 mmHg.
2.3 ‒ 2.6 µm CW High-Power Room Temperature Broaden Waveguide SCH-QW InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb Diode Lasers (1998)

In this paper we describe a mid-infrared quantum well diode laser with CW room temperature operation up to 2.65 µm.
Large-Scale Domain Adaptation via Teacher-Student Learning (2017)

High accuracy speech recognition requires a large amount of transcribed data for supervised training.In the absence of such data, domain adaptation of a well-trained acoustic model can be performed, but even here, high accuracy usually requires significant labeled data from the target domain.In this work, we propose an approach to domain adaptation that does not require transcriptions but instead uses a corpus of unlabeled parallel data, consisting of pairs of samples from the source domain of the well-trained model and the desired target domain.To perform adaptation, we employ teacher/student (T/S) learning, in which the posterior probabilities generated by the source-domain model can be used in lieu of labels to train the target-domain model.We evaluate the proposed approach in two scenarios, adapting a clean acoustic model to noisy speech and adapting an adults' speech acoustic model to children's speech.Significant improvements in accuracy are obtained, with reductions in word error rate of up to 44% over the original source model without the need for transcribed data in the target domain.Moreover, we show that increasing the amount of unlabeled data results in additional model robustness, which is particularly beneficial when using simulated training data in the target-domain.
A phase 3 randomized trial of veliparib (ABT-888) plus carboplatin and paclitaxel versus investigator’s choice of standard chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with metastatic/advanced non-squamous (NSq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2015)

TPS8106 Background: Standard chemotherapy for patients (pts) with metastatic NSq NSCLC consists of 4−6 cycles of platinum-based doublet therapy +/– subsequent maintenance monotherapy. Clinical outcomes are generally poor, with the majority of pts surviving ~1 year. Veliparib is a potent, orally bioavailable PARP1/2 inhibitor shown to enhance antitumor activity of platinum-based therapy in preclinical models. A recent phase 2 trial suggested that the addition of veliparib to carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (T) may provide clinical benefit in pts with NSCLC (Ramalingam et al, Ann Oncol 2014;25(Suppl 4):1234P). Smoking status was a strong predictor of efficacy for veliparib-chemotherapy combination in advanced NSCLC. This study compares veliparib plus C and T with investigator’s choice of chemotherapy in NSq NSCLC. Methods: This is a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial (NCT02264990). Current or former smokers ( ≥ 18 years) who have received no prior chemotherapy for advanced/metastatic NSq NSCLC are randomized 1:1 to veliparib (120 mg p.o. BID on Days −2 through 5 of each 21-day cycle) plus C (AUC 6 mg/mL/min i.v. on Day 1) and T (200 mg/m2 i.v. on Day 1), or investigator’s choice of chemotherapy (C + T, or C + pemetrexed [P], or cisplatin + P). Randomization is stratified by smoking status, investigator’s preferred platinum therapy, gender, and ECOG PS. Treatment continues for a maximum of 6 cycles, or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Pts in either arm may receive maintenance P (500 mg/m2 i.v. q3 weeks). The trial tests if combination treatment with veliparib improves survival in current smokers (primary objective) and in the overall population (secondary objective) compared with investigator’s choice of chemotherapy. PFS and objective response rate are also compared between the 2 treatment arms, both in current smokers and the overall population. Duration of overall response, safety, tolerability, ECOG PS, and quality of life are evaluated. Recruitment began in Oct 2014 and 525 pts are planned to be included. Clinical trial information: NCT02264990.
Transglutaminase Inhibitor from Milk (2003)

ABSTRACT Cross‐linking experiments of skimmed bovine milk with bacterial transglutaminase isolated from Streptoverticillium mobaraense showed only some degree of formation of high‐molecular‐weight casein polymers. Studies on the nature of this phenomenon revealed that bovine milk contains an inhibitor of transglutaminase activity. Removal of the casein and whey proteins from the milk resulted in a protein‐poor fraction that still inhibited transglutaminase activity at cross‐linking of β‐casein and in several activity assays of transglutaminase. The inhibitor was partially purified by column chromatography and appeared to be a heat labile low molecular weight component. Inhibition of transglutaminase activity was observed with microbial transglutaminase, plasma transglutaminase and guinea pig liver transglutaminase. The inhibiting activity was found in bovine, goat, sheep, and human milk, but could not be detected in horse milk.
Magnetic Analog Random-Access Memory (1991)

Proposed integrated, solid-state, analog random-access memory base on principle of magnetic writing and magnetoresistive reading. Current in writing conductor magnetizes storage layer. Remanent magnetization in storage layer penetrates readout layer and detected by magnetoresistive effect or Hall effect. Memory cells are part of integrated circuit including associated reading and writing transistors. Intended to provide high storage density and rapid access, nonvolatile, consumes little power, and relatively invulnerable to ionizing radiation.
First lithographic results from the extreme ultraviolet Engineering Test Stand (2001)

The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Engineering Test Stand (ETS) is a step-and-scan lithography tool that operates at a wavelength of 13.4 nm. It has been developed to demonstrate full-field EUV imaging and acquire system learning for equipment manufacturers to develop commercial tools. The initial integration of the tool is being carried out using a developmental set of projection optics, while a second, higher-quality, projection optics is being assembled and characterized in a parallel effort. We present here the first lithographic results from the ETS, which include both static and scanned resist images of 100 nm dense and isolated features throughout the ring field of the projection optics. Accurate lithographic models have been developed and compared with the experimental results.
Design and Hardware Implementation of the Peak Current Mode Switching Cycle Control for Voltage Balancing of Modular Multilevel Converters (2021)

The voltage balancing control of cell capacitors and energy storage reduction is one of the key issue in the development of the modular multilevel converters (MMCs). This paper proposes a peak current mode switching cycle control (PCM-SCC) for the capacitor voltage balancing control of MMCs. The proposed method utilizes the shoot-through states of one phase leg that are seldomly used in conventional control methods to charge and discharge the cell capacitors once per switching cycle. The duration of the shoot-through states within each switching cycle is indirectly determined by controlling the peak value of the arm inductor current. The average value of each cell capacitor voltage is regulated at a given voltage reference level in a closed-loop form. With the proposed control method, the line frequency voltage ripples on cell capacitors are significantly reduced. Therefore, the requirement on the cell capacitance is remarkably released to achieve high power density and lower cost. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed capacitor voltage balancing control method.
Detection of environmental contaminants by time resolved laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique (2002)

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a reliable tool for very fast multi-elemental pollutants' analysis. Its principle of operation lies in the avalanche ionization effect produced by an intense laser beam focused on the sample to be investigated. Under the effect of the intense EM field of the laser, the material is separated into its atomic constituents, with a very high degree of ionization and electron temperatures reaching several tens of eV. With the recombination of atoms and electrons, an extremely intense emission of right (laser spark) takes place. The latter is collected and analysed for discerning the characteristic emission lines of the different elements in the sample. It may be appropriate to quote the possibility of getting quantitative information on the whole sample composition in a single run, through the simultaneous detection of the emission line patterns of different elements present in the material under analysis. This peculiar feature of the LIBS system allows for very fast sample analysis and thus, when necessary, for continuous monitoring of its composition. The applications of the LIES technique to industrial exhaust monitoring take great advantage of these characteristics, along with the possibility of LIBS operation in hostile environments. It is possible to arrange a setup in which the most delicate parts of the apparatus are kept protected in a safe environment far apart from the dangerous and/or potentially damaging site to be monitored. Remote operation is also useful in polluted soil and water analysis.
Controllable protein delivery from coated surgical sutures (2010)

In contemporary tissue engineering there is a need for drug delivery approaches that offer controllable release kinetics from common surgical devices, particularly at healing tissue interfaces. We describe a generally applicable approach to release therapeutic proteins from sutures in a controllable manner. Results demonstrated that several common, commercially available surgical sutures could be coated with nano-porous hydroxyapatite mineral layers using a biomimetic process. The nanoscale morphology, composition, and dissolution rate of these coatings were controlled by varying the degree of carbonate substitution during calcium phosphate (CaP) mineral growth. Coated sutures could efficiently bind both an acidic protein and a basic protein, and subsequent sustained protein release was controllable by varying the coating composition. Interestingly, decreases in pH could trigger enhanced coating dissolution and, in turn, increased protein release kinetics. Importantly, CaP coatings on Orthocord sutures were robust enough to endure under clinically relevant conditions, as protein-containing coatings remained intact after multiple passages through sheep tendon and meniscus tissues. The use of CaP-coated Orthocord sutures in a sheep rotator cuff repair model demonstrated that suture coatings did not negatively impact their utility at a bone–tendon interface. Considering the ubiquitous use of sutures and their proximity to damaged tissue, the approach described in this study may provide an efficient, site-specific way of regulating new tissue formation in emerging tissue engineering schemes.
ANSWER: information routing based on active networks (1999)

The paper describes a new information discovery model called ANSWER (Active Network Supported WEb Rendezvous) which is based upon an active network framework and an information ontology hierarchy. It provides a symmetrical architecture for information filtering and binding in the network and opens new possibilities for information discoveries and distributions in an internetworking environment.
A 638 Mbps low-complexity rate 1/2 polar decoder on FPGAs (2015)

Polar codes are capacity-achieving error-correcting codes with an explicit construction that can be decoded with low-complexity algorithms. In this work, we show how the state-of-the-art low-complexity decoding algorithm can be improved to better accommodate low-rate codes. Dedicated hardware is added to efficiently decode new constituent codes. Also, we use polar code construction alteration to further improve the latency and throughput. A polar decoder for a (1024, 512) code is implemented on two different FPGAs. It has 25% lower latency over the previous work and a coded throughput of 436 Mbps and 638 Mbps on the Xilinx Virtex 6 and Altera Stratix IV FPGAs, respectively.
Dot-product engine for neuromorphic computing (2016)

Vector-matrix multiplication dominates the computation time and energy for many workloads, particularly neural network algorithms and linear transforms (e.g, the Discrete Fourier Transform). Utilizing the natural current accumulation feature of memristor crossbar, we developed the Dot-Product Engine (DPE) as a high density, high power efficiency accelerator for approximate matrix-vector multiplication. We firstly invented a conversion algorithm to map arbitrary matrix values appropriately to memristor conductances in a realistic crossbar array, accounting for device physics and circuit issues to reduce computational errors. The accurate device resistance programming in large arrays is enabled by close-loop pulse tuning and access transistors. To validate our approach, we simulated and benchmarked one of the state-of-the-art neural networks for pattern recognition on the DPEs. The result shows no accuracy degradation compared to software approach (99 % pattern recognition accuracy for MNIST data set) with only 4 Bit DAC/ADC requirement, while the DPE can achieve a speed-efficiency product of 1,000× to 10,000× compared to a custom digital ASIC.
Second order temperature compensated piezoelectrically driven 23 MHz heavily doped silicon resonators with &#x00B1;10 ppm temperature stability (2015)

We report quartz level temperature stability of piezoelectrically driven silicon MEMS resonators. Frequency stability of better than ±10 ppm is measured for 23 MHz extensional mode resonators over a temperature range of T = -40 ... + 85°C. The temperature compensation mechanism is entirely passive, relying on the tailored elastic properties of heavily doped silicon with a doping level of n > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , and on an optimized resonator geometry. The result highlights the potential of silicon MEMS resonators to function as pin-to-pin compatible replacements for quartz crystals without any active temperature compensation.
Revisiting the deoxydehydration of glycerol towards allyl alcohol under continuous-flow conditions (2017)

Highly selective flash deoxydehydration of glycerol towards allyl alcohol under continuous-flow conditions.
Vectorized Rebinning Algorithm for Fast Data Down-Sampling (2013)

A vectorized rebinning (down-sampling) algorithm, applicable to N-dimensional data sets, has been developed that offers a significant reduction in computer run time when compared to conventional rebinning algorithms. For clarity, a two-dimensional version of the algorithm is discussed to illustrate some specific details of the algorithm content, and using the language of image processing, 2D data will be referred to as "images," and each value in an image as a "pixel." The new approach is fully vectorized, i.e., the down-sampling procedure is done as a single step over all image rows, and then as a single step over all image columns. Data rebinning (or down-sampling) is a procedure that uses a discretely sampled N-dimensional data set to create a representation of the same data, but with fewer discrete samples. Such data down-sampling is fundamental to digital signal processing, e.g., for data compression applications.
Experimental study on the performance of miniature heat pipes with woven-wire wick (2001)

The thermal density of electronic system has been increased continuously because high speed and high density are required for them. The heat dissipation of CPU for a notebook PC has been recently increased to be more than 10 W, but, on the other hand, the available packaging space has been decreased. Therefore, it has become inevitable to perform cooling by using miniature heat pipes (MHPs). In the present study, a new woven-wire-type wick for the MHP is developed, which has a large capillary limit and a high productivity. These MHPs with diameters of 3 mm or 4 mm are applicable to small-sized electronic parts such as CPU of a notebook PC. Because the operational characteristics of MHPs with the diameters of 3 mm or 4 mm are different from those of general medium-size heat pipes, performance tests have been conducted in order to review heat-transfer characteristics and effects of various factors on the performance of MHPs. The design factors under consideration are fill ratio of working fluid, length of heat pipe, length of evaporator and condenser, inclination angle of installation, number of wick strand and thermal load.
High-Performance and Cost-Effective Detector Using Microcolumnar CsI:Tl and SiPM (2012)

We are developing a technique to fabricate high spatial resolution and cost-effective photon counting detectors using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and microcolumnar structured scintillator. Photon counting detectors using SiPMs are of much interest to the gamma- and X-ray detector community, but they have limitations at low energy due to their dark noise. In this paper, we report on vapor deposition of CsI:Tl directly onto a SiPM, a technique that improves optical coupling and allows for detection of low energy gamma- and X-rays. It simultaneously addresses related issues of light loss and light spread in the scintillator, thereby improving the performance of the detector. Devices made by this technique may be used for both photon counting and gamma- and X-ray imaging.
Robotic Handling of Surgical Instruments in a Cluttered Tray (2015)

We developed a unique robotic manipulation system that accurately singulates surgical instruments in a cluttered environment. A novel single-view computer vision algorithm identifies the next instrument to grip from a cluttered pile and a compliant electromagnetic gripper picks up the identified instrument. System is validated through extensive experiments. This research was motivated by the challenges of perioperative process in hospitals today. Current process of instrument counting, sorting, and sterilization is highly labor intensive. Improperly sterilized instruments have resulted in many cases of infections. To address these challenges, an integrated robotic system for sorting instruments in a cluttered tray is designed and implemented. A digital camera is used to capture an image of a cluttered tray. A novel single-view vision algorithm is used to detect the instruments and determine the top instrument. Position and orientation of the top instrument is transferred to a robot. A compliant electromagnetic gripper is developed to complete the gripping. Experiments have demonstrated high success rate of both instrument recognition and manipulation. In the future, error handling needs to be further reinforced under various exceptions for better robustness.
Systematic identification of engineered methionines and oxaziridines for efficient, stable, and site-specific antibody bioconjugation (2020)

The field of chemical modification of proteins has been dominated by random modification of lysines or more site-specific labeling of cysteines, each with attendant challenges. Recently, we have developed oxaziridine chemistry for highly selective modification of methionine called redox-activated chemical tagging (ReACT) but have not broadly tested the molecular parameters for efficient and stable protein modification. Here we systematically scanned methionines throughout one of the most popular antibody scaffolds, trastuzumab, used for antibody engineering and drug conjugation. We tested the expression, reactivities, and stabilities of 123 single engineered methionines distributed over the surface of the antibody when reacted with oxaziridine. We found uniformly high expression for these mutants and excellent reaction efficiencies with a panel of oxaziridines. Remarkably, the stability to hydrolysis of the sulfimide varied more than 10-fold depending on temperature and the site of the engineered methionine. Interestingly, the most stable and reactive sites were those that were partially buried, presumably because of their reduced access to water. There was also a 10-fold variation in stability depending on the nature of the oxaziridine, which was determined to be inversely correlated with the electrophilic nature of the sulfimide. Importantly, the stabilities of the best analogs were sufficient to support their use as antibody drug conjugates and potent in a breast cancer mouse xenograft model over a month. These studies provide key parameters for broad application of ReACT for efficient, stable, and site-specific antibody and protein bioconjugation to native or engineered methionines.