gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-Activity Analysis of the Dermcidin-derived Peptide DCD-1L, an Anionic Antimicrobial Peptide Present in Human Sweat (2012)

Dermcidin encodes the anionic amphiphilic peptide DCD-1L, which displays a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity under conditions resembling those in human sweat. Here, we have investigated its mode of antimicrobial activity. We found that DCD-1L interacts preferentially with negatively charged bacterial phospholipids with a helix axis that is aligned flat on a lipid bilayer surface. Upon interaction with lipid bilayers DCD-1L forms oligomeric complexes that are stabilized by Zn(2+). DCD-1L is able to form ion channels in the bacterial membrane, and we propose that Zn(2+)-induced self-assembly of DCD-1L upon interaction with bacterial lipid bilayers is a prerequisite for ion channel formation. These data allow us for the first time to propose a molecular model for the antimicrobial mechanism of a naturally processed human anionic peptide that is active under the harsh conditions present in human sweat.
Comparative analysis of glucose and glutamine metabolism in transformed mammalian cell lines, insect and primary liver cells (1996)

Glucose and glutamine metabolism in several cultured mammalian cell lines (BHK, CHO, and hybridoma cell lines) were investigated by correlating specific utilization and formation rates with specific maximum activities of regulatory enzymes involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Results were compared with data from two insect cell lines and primary liver cells. Flux distribution was measured in a representative mammalian (BHK) and an insect (Spodoptera frugiperda) cell line using radioactive substrates. A high degree of similarity in many aspects of glucose and glutamine metabolism was observed among the cultured mammalian cell lines examined. Specific glucose utilization rates were always close to specific hexokinase activities, indicating that formation of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose (catalyzed by hexokinase) is the rate limiting step of glycolysis. No activity of the key enzymes connecting glycolysis with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, could be detected. Flux distribution in BHK cells showed glycolytic rates very similar to lactate formation rates. No glucose- or pyruvate-derived carbon entered the tricarboxylic acid cycle, indicating that glucose is mainly metabolized via glycolysis and lactate formation. About 8% of utilized glucose was metabolized via the pentose phosphate shunt, while 20 to 30% of utilized glucose followed pathways other than glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, or the pentose phosphate shunt. About 18% of utilized glutamine was oxidized, consistent with the notion that glutamine is the major energy source for mammalian cell lines. Mammalian cells cultured in serum-free low-protein medium showed higher utilization rates, flux rates, and enzyme activities than the same cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium. Insect cells oxidized glucose and pyruvate in addition to glutamine. Furthermore, insect cells produced little or no lactate and were able to channel glycolytic intermediates into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Metabolic profiles of the type presented here for a variety of cell lines may eventually enable one to interfere with the metabolic patterns of cells relevant to biotechnology, with the hope of improving growth rate and/or productivity.
Conditioned taste aversion induced by toluene administration in rats. (1984)

Effect of toluene as unconditioned stimulus in the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning in rats was investigated for a behavioral assessment of toluene toxicity. Intraperitoneal (200-800 mg/kg B.W.) and intravenous (20-40 mg/kg B.W.) administration of toluene induced dose-dependent CTA. Inhalation exposure to toluene at 1650-3300 ppm for 4 hr also induced moderate CTA. These results suggest that toluene functions as a "behaviorally aversive" stimulus and that the required dose for the conditioning varies with the route of administration. In addition, the interference effect of toluene vapor odor on the taste stimulus, which would reduce the strength of CTA, was examined but not revealed.
CK1δ Kinase Activity Is Modulated by Chk1-Mediated Phosphorylation (2013)

CK1δ, a member of the casein kinase 1 family, is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes and has been associated with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore recently, interest in generating highly specific inhibitors for personalized therapy has increased enormously. However, the efficacy of newly developed inhibitors is affected by the phosphorylation state of CK1δ. Cellular kinases phosphorylating CK1δ within its C-terminal domain have been identified but still more information regarding the role of site-specific phosphorylation in modulating the activity of CK1δ is required. Here we show that Chk1 phosphorylates rat CK1δ at serine residues 328, 331, 370, and threonine residue 397 as well as the human CK1δ transcription variants 1 and 2. CK1δ mutant proteins bearing one, two or three mutations at these identified phosphorylation sites exhibited significant differences in their kinetic properties compared to wild-type CK1δ. Additionally, CK1δ co-precipitates with Chk1 from HT1080 cell extracts and activation of cellular Chk1 resulted in a significant decrease in cellular CK1δ kinase activity. Taken together, these data point towards a possible regulatory relationship between Chk1 and CK1δ.
A strategy to convert propane to aromatics (BTX) using TiNp<sub>4</sub> grafted at the periphery of ZSM-5 by surface organometallic chemistry (2019)

The direct conversion of propane into aromatics (BTX) using modified ZSM-5 was achieved with a strategy of "catalysis by design". In contrast to the classical mode of action of classical aromatization catalysts which are purely based on acidity, we have designed the catalyst associating two functions: One function (Ti-hydride) was selected to activate the C-H bond of propane by σ-bond metathesis to further obtain olefin by β-H elimination and the other function (Brønsted acid) being responsible for the oligomerization, cyclization, and aromatization. This bifunctional catalyst was obtained by selectively grafting a bulky organometallic complex of tetrakis(neopentyl)titanium (TiNp4) at the external surface (external silanol ([triple bond, length as m-dash]Si-OH) group) of [H-ZSM-5300] to obtain [Ti/ZSM-5] catalyst 1. This metal was chosen to activate the C-H bond of paraffin at the periphery of the ZSM-5 while maintaining the Brønsted acid properties of the internal [H-ZSM-5] for oligomerization, cyclization, and aromatization. Catalyst 2 [Ti-H/ZSM-5] was obtained after treatment under H2 at 550 °C of freshly prepared catalyst 1 ([Ti/ZSM-5]) and catalyst 1 was thoroughly characterized by ICP analysis, DRIFT, XRD, N2-physisorption, multinuclear solid-state NMR, XPS and HR-TEM analysis including STEM imaging. The conversion of propane to aromatics was studied in a dynamic flow reactor. With the pristine [H-ZSM-5300] catalyst, the conversion of propane is very low. However, with [Ti-H/ZSM-5] catalyst 2 under the same reaction conditions, the conversion of propane remains significant during 60 h of the reaction (ca. 22%). Furthermore, the [Ti-H/ZSM-5] catalyst shows a good and stable selectivity (55%) for aromatics (BTX) of time on stream. With 2, it was found that the Ti remains at the periphery of the [H-ZSM-5] even after reaction time.
2018년 최저임금 인상의 효과 추정 (2019)

본 연구에서는 2018년 최저임금 인상이 고용과 근로시간에 미치는 효과를 추정한다. 평행 추세를 가정한 모형에서는 최저임금 인상이 고용을 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 추정되지만, 추세의 영향이 집단별로 상이할 수 있는 요인 모형(factor model)에서는 최저임금 인상이 고용에 영향을 주지 않은 것으로 추정된다. 추정 결과에 따르면, 기업들은 최저임금...
Differential spectrophone measurements of the absorption of laser energy by atmospheric dust (1975)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Stuart A. Schleusener, James D. Lindberg, and Kenneth O. White, "Differential spectrophone measurements of the absorption of laser energy by atmospheric dust," Appl. Opt. 14, 2564-2565 (1975) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Growth and characterization of In<sub>1-x</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub>As/InAs<sub>0.65</sub>Sb<sub>0.35</sub> strained layer superlattice infrared detectors (2017)

Type-II strained layer superlattices (SLS) are an active research topic in the infrared detector community and applications for SLS detectors continue to grow. SLS detector technology has already reached the commercial market due to improvements in material quality, device design, and device fabrication. Despite this progress, the optimal superlattice design has not been established, and at various times has been believed to be InAs/GaSb, InAs/InGaSb, or InAs/InAsSb. Building on these, we investigate the properties of a new mid-wave infrared SLS material: InGaAs/InAsSb SLS. The ternary InGaAs/InAsSb SLS has three main advantages over other SLS designs: greater support for strain compensation, enhanced absorption due to increased electron-hole wavefunction overlap, and improved vertical hole mobility due to reduced hole effective mass. Here, we compare three ternary SLSs, with approximately the same bandgap (0.240 eV at 150 K), comprised of Ga fractions of 5%, 10%, and 20% to a reference sample with 0% Ga. Enhanced absorption is both theoretically predicted and experimentally realized. Furthermore, the characteristics of ternary SLS infrared detectors based on an nBn architecture are reported and exhibit nearly state-of-the-art dark current performance with minimal growth optimization. We report standard material and device characterization information, including dark current and external quantum efficiency, and provide further analysis that indicates improved quantum efficiency and vertical hole mobility. Finally, a 320×256 focal plane array built based on the In<sub>0.8</sub>Ga<sub>0.2</sub>As/InAs<sub>0.65</sub>Sb<sub>0.35</sub> SLS design is demonstrated with promising performance.
Regulation of gene expression at the beginning of mammalian development and the TEAD family of transcription factors (1998)

In mouse development, transcription is first detected in late 1-cell embryos, but translation of newly synthesized transcripts does not begin until the 2-cell stage. Thus, the onset of zygotic gene expression (ZGE) is regulated at the level of both transcription and translation. Chromatin-mediated repression is established after formation of a 2-cell embryo, concurrent with the developmental acquisition of enhancer function. The most effective enhancer in cleavage stage mouse embryos depends on DNA binding sites for TEF-1, the prototype for a family of transcription factors that share the same TEA DNA binding domain. Mice contain at least four, and perhaps five, genes with the same TEA DNA binding domain (mTEAD genes). Since mTEAD-2 is the only one expressed during the first 7 days of mouse development, it is most likely responsible for the TEAD transcription factor activity that first appears at the beginning of ZGE. All four mTEAD genes are expressed at later embryonic stages and in adult tissues; virtually every tissue expresses at least one family member, consistent with a critical role for TEAD proteins in either cell proliferation or differentiation. The 72-amino acid TEA DNA binding domains in mTEAD-2, 3, and 4 are approximately 99% homologous to the same domain in mTEAD-1, and all four proteins bind specifically to the same DNA sequences in vitro with a Kd value of 16-38 nM DNA. Since TEAD proteins appear to be involved in both activation and repression of different genes and do not appear to be functionally redundant, differential activity of TEAD proteins must result either from association with other proteins or from differential sensitivity to chromatin-packaged DNA binding sites.
Cu<sub>2</sub>[<i>o</i>-Br-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>·(DMF)<sub>8</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>:  A Framework Deliberately Designed To Have the NbO Structure Type (2001)

The synthesis of an NbO-type metal-organic framework was achieved by design: o-Br-BDC (BDC = benzenedicarboxylate) was used to direct the formation of Cu2(CO2)4 paddle wheel units at 90 degrees to each other and thus yield the target network. The compound was formulated as Cu2[o-Br-BDC]2(H2O)2.(DMF)8(H2O)2 (MOF-101) and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [cubic, space group Imm (No. 229) with a = 21.607(3) A, V = 10088(2) A3, Z = 6], which fully confirmed the presence of the expected structure. Despite having very large apertures and voids, MOF-101 has a noninterpenetrated structure, an intriguing observation that is discussed in the context of dual structures.
Genome Analyses of Icelandic Strains of<i>Sulfolobus islandicus</i>, Model Organisms for Genetic and Virus-Host Interaction Studies (2011)

ABSTRACT The genomes of two Sulfolobus islandicus strains obtained from Icelandic solfataras were sequenced and analyzed. Strain REY15A is a host for a versatile genetic toolbox. It exhibits a genome of minimal size, is stable genetically, and is easy to grow and manipulate. Strain HVE10/4 shows a broad host range for exceptional crenarchaeal viruses and conjugative plasmids and was selected for studying their life cycles and host interactions. The genomes of strains REY15A and HVE10/4 are 2.5 and 2.7 Mb, respectively, and each genome carries a variable region of 0.5 to 0.7 Mb where major differences in gene content and gene order occur. These include gene clusters involved in specific metabolic pathways, multiple copies of VapBC antitoxin-toxin gene pairs, and in strain HVE10/4, a 50-kb region rich in glycosyl transferase genes. The variable region also contains most of the insertion sequence (IS) elements and high proportions of the orphan orfB elements and SMN1 miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs), as well as the clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based immune systems, which are complex and diverse in both strains, consistent with them having been mobilized both intra- and intercellularly. In contrast, the remainder of the genomes are highly conserved in their protein and RNA gene syntenies, closely resembling those of other S. islandicus and Sulfolobus solfataricus strains, and they exhibit only minor remnants of a few genetic elements, mainly conjugative plasmids, which have integrated at a few tRNA genes lacking introns. This provides a possible rationale for the presence of the introns.
Vision-Based Blind Spot Monitoring Using Rear-View Camera and Its Real-Time Implementation in an Embedded System (2018)

Blind spot monitoring (BSM) is one of the essential functions of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). In this paper, we propose a vision-based monitoring algorithm to detect vehicles in a blind-spot area using a rear-view camera. Instead of moving around the whole image to search for a vehicle, we use well-defined detection windows with fixed position and size. And we used histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and the support vector machine (SVM) to detect a vehicle in each detection window. When a vehicle is detected, we compute the motion vector of the vehicle to determine if it approaches the ego vehicle or not. The alarm signal is finally generated based on history of events. To evaluate performance of the BSM algorithm, we captured various kinds of sequences by using a rear-view camera. Experimental results reveal precision higher than 98% and recall higher than 99%. We also develop high-speed methods to improve processing speed while keeping performance degradation as minimal as possible. Implementation of this fast algorithm on a commercial embedded device validated real-time characteristics of the proposed BSM algorithm.
Singles list mode data processing for MADPET-II (2005)

The MADPET-II small animal PET scanner consists of a ring of 18 dual-layer detector modules (O 71 mm), each containing a 4/spl times/8 array of 2/spl times/2/spl times/6 mm (front) and 2/spl times/2/spl times/8 mm (back) LSO crystals coupled one-to-one to a 4/spl times/8 APD array. To take advantage of the detector geometry, each of the 1152 crystals in the system are read out individually without any light sharing or data reduction. Thus, the system must be able to handle high data rates. Time, energy and position for every singles event are stored in list mode format, and coincidences are sorted post-acquisition in software. The output count rate (singles) of a 128 channel prototype responded linearly with activity up to 3 mCi (R/sup 2/=0.999), indicating a very low dead time per channel. We present results from our investigations into the implications of this design. For example, coincidence time window and energy threshold can be adjusted post acquisition, and multiple coincidence events can be identified and treated independently. As the energy threshold is lowered from 400 keV to 160 keV, the relative number of triple coincidence events to double coincidence events increases from 0.5% to 28% for a wide coincidence timing window. We have the option to lower the energy- threshold, and to include (or exclude) these events, improving sensitivity while preserving resolution. The intrinsic axial spatial resolution was measured to be 1.15 mm FWHM by stepping a point source of /sup 18/FDG along the central axis and plotting coincidences in direct planes, and the mean energy and timing resolutions were measured to be 20.7% FWHM and 10.8 ns FWMH, respectively.
Direct measurements of the true vibrational amplitudes in shear force microscopy (1995)

A new method to measure the tip’s true vibrational amplitude in the shear force microscopy is demonstrated. The measurements are based on modifications of the beam diffraction method. In addition to the dither vibration, the equilibrium position of the tip is set to move along the direction of the vibration. The ratio of ac amplitude to the derivative of dc amplitude gives the tip’s vibration. The sensitivity of this method is determined by the size of the laser focal spot times the ratio of the ac to dc signals of the diffracted light.
Semiautomated Extraction of Street Light Poles From Mobile LiDAR Point-Clouds (2014)

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for extracting street light poles from vehicleborne mobile light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point-clouds. First, the algorithm rapidly detects curb-lines and segments a point-cloud into road and nonroad surface points based on trajectory data recorded by the integrated position and orientation system onboard the vehicle. Second, the algorithm accurately extracts street light poles from the segmented nonroad surface points using a novel pairwise 3-D shape context. The proposed algorithm is tested on a set of point-clouds acquired by a RIEGL VMX-450 mobile LiDAR system. The results show that road surfaces are correctly segmented, and street light poles are robustly extracted with a completeness exceeding 99%, a correctness exceeding 97%, and a quality exceeding 96%, thereby demonstrating the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithm to segment road surfaces and extract street light poles from huge volumes of mobile LiDAR point-clouds.
Affordable system for alerting, monitoring and controlling heat stroke inside vehicles (2015)

Human safety in a vehicle is a prime focus of research in past few years. Several attempts have been made by various groups of researchers, academics and industry people around the world to address the potential issues in non-crash related accidents. Of all non-crash related accidents, heatstroke is major factor that leads in children deaths. Our work is largely motivated by safety issues due to non crash related fatalities such as heat stroke. We propose a simple and cost effective solution to alert vehicle owners about the heat stroke inside a vehicle and to avoid the death apparently due to suffocation. The proposed project work is beneficial not only to the vehicle owner but also to the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA's). We indent to develop a prototype for Indian market.
Centrality Metrics’ Performance Comparisons on Stock Market Datasets (2019)

The stock market is an essential sub-sector in the financial area. Both understanding and evaluating the mountains of collected stock data has become a challenge in relevant fields. Data visualisation techniques can offer a practical and engaging method to show the processed data in a meaningful way, with centrality measurements representing the significant variables in a network, through exploring the aspects of the exact definition of the metric. Here, in this study, we conducted an approach that combines data processing, graph visualisation and social network analysis methods, to develop deeper insights of complex stock data, with the ultimate aim of drawing the correct conclusions with the finalised graph models. We addressed the performance of centrality metrics methods such as betweenness, closeness, eigenvector, PageRank and weighted degree measurements, drawing comparisons between the experiments’ results and the actual top 300 shares in the Australian Stock Market. The outcomes showed consistent results. Although, in our experiments, the results of the top 300 stocks from those five centrality measurements’ rankings did not match the top 300 shares given by the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange) entirely, in which the weighted degree and PageRank metrics performed better than other three measurements such as betweenness, closeness and eigenvector. Potential reasons may include that we did not take into account the factor of stock’s market capitalisation in the methodology. This study only considers the stock price’s changing rates among every two shares and provides a relevant static pattern at this stage. Further research will include looking at cycles and symmetry in the stock market over chosen trading days, and these may assist stakeholder in grasping deep insights of those stocks.
Improved conductivity of transparent single-wall carbon nanotube thin films via stable postdeposition functionalization (2007)

A simple postdeposition method for improving the conductivity of transparent and conducting single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films via exposure to nitric acid and thionyl chloride is reported. A systematic study on a range of films of variable density and from different commercial sources of SWNTs is performed. The functionalized films possess sheet resistances as low as that of indium tin oxide (ITO) (∼30Ω∕◻) albeit at lower transmittance (∼50%). At 80±5% transmittance, the functionalized films have resistance values ranging from 150to300Ω∕◻. The SWNT films, however, are more flexible than ITO. The stability of the functionalized films upon annealing and processing in solvents (water, methanol, and chloroform) is also reported.