gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small Molecule Inhibitors of α-Synuclein Filament Assembly (2006)

Alpha-synuclein is the major component of the filamentous inclusions that constitute defining characteristics of Parkinson's disease and other alpha-synucleinopathies. Here we have tested 79 compounds belonging to 12 different chemical classes for their ability to inhibit the assembly of alpha-synuclein into filaments in vitro. Several polyphenols, phenothiazines, porphyrins, polyene macrolides, and Congo red and its derivatives, BSB and FSB, inhibited alpha-synuclein filament assembly with IC(50) values in the low micromolar range. Many compounds that inhibited alpha-synuclein assembly were also found to inhibit the formation of Abeta and tau filaments. Biochemical analysis revealed the formation of soluble oligomeric alpha-synuclein in the presence of inhibitory compounds, suggesting that this may be the mechanism by which filament formation is inhibited. Unlike alpha-synuclein filaments and protofibrils, these soluble oligomeric species did not reduce the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that the soluble oligomers formed in the presence of inhibitory compounds may not be toxic to nerve cells and that these compounds may therefore have therapeutic potential for alpha-synucleinopathies and other brain amyloidoses.
Bucolic Suicide: Suicidal Shepherds and Shepherdesses in Miguel de Cervantes's La Galatea and Gonzalo de Saavedra's Los pastores del Betis (2013)

Death is no stranger to the pastoral mode. Although spatially separated from the negotium of chaotic city life, a locus amoenus cannot escape from this omnipresent phenomenon. Even the Greek Theocritus, the supposed father of pastoral poetry, includes a shepherd’s demise in the first idyll when Thyrsis sings “The Affliction of Daphnis,” which tells of a shepherd who pines away from amorous rejection and eventually dies:
Primary and secondary store‐loyal customer perceptions of grocery retailers (1998)

Gaining competitive advantage in retailing requires knowledge of the attributes consumers use to evaluate stores and an understanding of why these attributes are important. Although a number of store‐image studies have identified store attributes, evidence suggests that these attributes vary by store type and over time, but no work has considered the most crucial aspects to retailers, namely store loyalty. As no study has examined the links between store attributes and store loyalty, our knowledge remains largely speculative. This article explores this link using Kelly′s repertory grid methodology to assess the store images of three UK grocery retailers. Important differences were seen between primary store‐loyal customers’ perception of their store and secondary store‐loyal customers’ perception of that store. For example, primary‐loyal Tesco customers perceived quality, convenience and value factors in that order of importance, whilst primary‐loyal Kwik‐Save customers perceived quality, value and convenience factors when considering Tesco. Implications for retail positioning strategies and the development of store loyalty are discussed.
Anticancer activity of resveratrol on implanted human primary gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice (2005)

Resveratrol is able to induce apoptosis of transplanted tumor cells. This apoptosis may be mediated by down-regulating apoptosis-regulated gene bcl-2 and up-regulating the expression of apoptosis-regulated gene bax.
Indoor Millimeter Wave MIMO: Feasibility and Performance (2011)

In this paper, we investigate spatial multiplexing at millimeter (mm) wave carrier frequencies for short-range indoor applications by quantifying fundamental limits in line-of-sight (LOS) environments and then investigating performance in the presence of multipath and LOS blockage. Our contributions are summarized as follows. For linear arrays with constrained form factor, an asymptotic analysis based on the properties of prolate spheroidal wave functions shows that a sparse array producing a spatially uncorrelated channel matrix effectively provides the maximum number of spatial degrees of freedom in a LOS environment, although substantial beamforming gains can be obtained by using denser arrays. This motivates our proposed mm-wave MIMO architecture, which utilizes arrays of subarrays to provide both directivity and spatial multiplexing gains. System performance is evaluated in a simulated indoor environment using a ray-tracing model that incorporates multipath effects and potential LOS blockage. Eigenmode transmission with waterfilling power allocation serves as a performance benchmark, and is compared to the simpler scheme of beamsteering transmission with MMSE reception and a fixed signal constellation. Our numerical results provide insight into the spatial variations of attainable capacity within a room, and the combinations of beamsteering and spatial multiplexing used in different scenarios.
A Case Report of an Unusual Collateral Fistula (2019)

International audience
Colored and paintable bilayer coatings with high solar-infrared reflectance for efficient cooling (2020)

Solar reflective and thermally emissive surfaces offer a sustainable way to cool objects under sunlight. However, white or silvery reflectance of these surfaces does not satisfy the need for color. Here, we present a paintable bilayer coating that simultaneously achieves color and radiative cooling. The bilayer comprises a thin, visible-absorptive layer atop a nonabsorptive, solar-scattering underlayer. The top layer absorbs appropriate visible wavelengths to show specific colors, while the underlayer maximizes the reflection of near-to-short wavelength infrared (NSWIR) light to reduce solar heating. Consequently, the bilayer attains higher NSWIR reflectance (by 0.1 to 0.51) compared with commercial paint monolayers of the same color and stays cooler by as much as 3.0° to 15.6°C under strong sunlight. High NSWIR reflectance of 0.89 is realized in the blue bilayer. The performances show that the bilayer paint design can achieve both color and efficient radiative cooling in a simple, inexpensive, and scalable manner.
A Syringe and Cartridge Method for Down‐Hole Sampling for Trace Organics in Ground Water (1984)

ABSTRACT A newly developed technique which allows the down‐hole sampling and subsequent analysis of ground water for trace organic contaminants was tested during an investigation of contaminant migration at an inactive landfill site in Burlington, Ontario, Canada. The sampling device, which is lowered down piezometers with a tube, consists of a small cylindrical cartridge of sorbent material attached to a syringe. Vacuum or pressure applied at the surface controls the movement of the plunger in the syringe. The volume of the syringe determines the volume of sample water that passes through the cartridge. The cartridge is removed from the syringe at the surface. One cartridge is used for each sampling; the syringe is reusable. The residual water in the cartridge is removed in the laboratory, and the cartridge is desorbed to a fused silica capillary column for analysis by gas chromatography (GC). The analyses discussed here were performed on a GC/mass spectrometer/data system (GC/MS/DS). Of the many organic compounds that were identified in the samples, three compounds were clearly landfill‐related: 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, and para‐dichlorobenzene. The three compounds were found at levels substantially above blank levels in 9, 5, and 5 piezometers, respectively. The average concentrations were 14., 5.3, and 0.88μg/1 (ppb), respectively. The pooled coefficients of variation for the analyses for the three compounds were 27., 6.9, and 6.4%, respectively. The volatility of 1,1,1‐trichloroethane was probably the cause of the greater variability in its analytical data. The main advantages of the technique over most conventional sampling methods include: (1) down‐hole sampling in a manner which minimizes the potential for volatilization losses; (2) avoidance of passage of the sample through long sections of tubing that may contaminate the sample or cause adsorptive losses; (3) convenience of sample handling, storage, and shipping; and (4) high sensitivity.
Effect of Respiratory Motion in CT-Based Attenuation Correction in SPECT Using Different CT Scanners and Protocols (2006)

Artifacts can arise in reconstructed SPECT images using CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC) due to patient respiratory motion. We investigate the extent of these artifacts using different CT scanners ranging from single-slice to state-of-the-art multi-slice units. The 4D NCAT phantom was used to realistically model different patient respiratory patterns (breathhold, shallow, normal, and deep breathing). In-111 ProstaScint/spl reg/ and Tc-99m Sestamibi SPECT emission projection data including the effects of attenuation, collimator-detector response and scatter were simulated from the phantoms. CT images were generated using different CT scanners with varying rotation speeds (0.5 to 14 sec/rotation). The CT data were converted into attenuation maps and used to reconstruct the emission projections with attenuation correction (AC). In each case, the CT-based AC SPECT images (with and without artifacts) were compared to assess the effect of the respiratory motion. CT respiratory artifacts were found to increase with slower rotation speeds and to affect the SPECT reconstructions using CTAC. Though less susceptible to respiratory motion, the fastest CT scanner was still found to result in artifacts in the SPECT images due to the mismatch between the CT (/spl sim/breathhold) and SPECT (average motion) data. In both cases (CT motion and CT-SPECT mismatch), the artifacts were reduced using a shallow breathing pattern. We conclude that respiratory motion is an important consideration in SPECT-CT imaging when using CT-based AC. Careful work must be done to design protocols to reduce CT artifacts while minimizing the mismatch between the CT and SPECT data.
CoP Nanoparticles Intertwined with Graphene Nanosheets as a Superior Anode for Half/Full Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2021)

Abstract Conversion‐type CoP is a promising anode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) thanks to their abundant resources and high theoretical capacity. However, the low reversible capacity and inferior cycle life are two major obstacles that limit its practical application in SIBs. Herein, cobalt‐based metal‐organic framework derived CoP nanoparticles coupled with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite (CoP/RGO) has been successfully prepared. The optimized CoP/RGO presents a high reversible capacity (258.6 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 ), superior rate capability (173 mAh g −1 at 2 A g −1 ) and extraordinary durability (155 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 after 500 cycles with the per cycle capacity decay rate of only 0.065 %). In addition, electrochemical analyses reveal fast reaction kinetics and high surface capacitive contribution in CoP/RGO composite, which can be responsible for the excellent performance. Furthermore, the CoP/RGO//Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 sodium‐ion full cells are assembled successfully and display an initial charge capacity of 231.1 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 . Considering the low cost and great electrochemical performances, this work may provide some new opportunities for the synthesis of activity anode materials for SIBs.
VEGF-A<sub>165</sub> Induces Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Migration by Activating Neuropilin-1-VEGFR1-PI3K Axis (2008)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), one of the major cell types of the vascular wall, play a critical role in the process of angiogenesis under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including the cancer microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that VEGF-A 165 augments vascular SMC migration via VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk1) pathways. In this study, we found that VEGF-A 165 (recombinant protein or breast tumor cell-secreted) is also capable of inducing migration of VEGFR2-negative human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAOSMCs), and this induction is mediated through a molecular cross-talk of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), VEGFR1 (Flt-1), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling kinase. We found that VEGF-A 165 induces hAOSMC migration parallel with the induction of NRP-1 and VEGFR1 expressions and their associations along with the activation of PI3K/Akt. Neutralization of VEGF action by its antibody or inhibition of VEGF-induced PI3K/Akt kinase activation by wortmannin, a PI3K/Akt specific inhibitor, results in inhibition of VEGF-induced hAOSMC migration. Moreover, RNAi-mediated elimination of the NRP-1 expression or blocking of the activity of VEGFR1 by its antibody in hAOSMCs impairs the VEGF-A 165-induced migration of these cells as well as activation of PI3K/Akt kinase. Collectively, these results establish, for the first time, a mechanistic link among VEGF-A 165, NRP-1, VEGFR1, and PI3K/Akt in the regulation of migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells that eventually could be involved in the angiogenic switch.
Separation of bone from iodine- and gadolinium-based contrast agents using dual energy CT (2008)

This study aims to evaluate the separability of bone from iodine- and gadolinium-based intravenous contrast agents using dual energy CT techniques in a phantom. The phantom was prepared containing varying concentrations of iodine-based contrast, gadolinium-based contrast, and calcium hydroxyapatite (to simulate bone). Thirteen iodine concentrations from 0.1 to 12 mg/mL, twelve gadolinium concentrations from 0.72 to 34.42 mg/mL, and four calcium concentrations from 0 to 200 mg/mL were used. These phantoms were scanned on a dual source CT using two different source spectra, producing one set of data at 80 kVp and another at 140 kVp. On each resulting image, the mean HU was measured at every concentration level for iodine, gadolinium, and calcium, and plotted on a graph of HU value at 80 versus 140 kVp. Linear regression was used to produce a best-fit line for each material. These lines were compared to test for a difference of slopes between calcium and iodine as well as between calcium and gadolinium. Each material exhibited a linear relationship between the HU values at 140 and 80 kVp (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99) and demonstrated a unique slope to this line. The slope for iodine was 2.00, for gadolinium was 1.63, and for calcium was 1.55. The slopes of the calcium and iodine lines were significantly different (p < 0.05), while the slopes of the calcium and gadolinium lines were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that while it is technically feasible to separate iodine from bone, gadolinium-based contrast does not appear to be as readily separable from bone as iodine. This result is surprising as the atomic number and k-edge of calcium (Z = 20, k-edge = 4 keV) are closer to iodine (Z = 53, k-edge = 33 keV) than to gadolinium (Z = 64, k-edge = 50 keV).
The effect of heat inactivation of serum on aggregation of immunoglobulins. (1979)

Heating serum at 56 degrees is used to inactivate complement in several immunological assays. During heating, both heat-labile and heat-stable anticomplementary activity (ACA) develop. While heat-labile ACA can be completely inactivated, heat-stable ACA increases progressively with continued heating. Heat-stable ACA develops in deaggregated IgG and in normal, but not in hypogammaglobulinaemic, human and porcine serum heated at 56 degrees suggesting that this ACA is due to formation of immunoglobulin aggregates. These aggregates would produce false-positive tests for immune complexes and could inhibit a variety of cell-mediated reactions in assays which incorporate heat-inactivated serum. Other temperatures were tested to determine whether endogenous haemolytic activity could be destroyed without forming immunoglobulin aggregates. At 53 degrees both endogenous haemolytic activity and heat-labile ACA were inactivated and formation of heat-stable ACA in normal serum was minimal. ACA, however, could be induced in deaggregated IgG at 53 degrees. Moreover, the degree of heat-induced aggregation of IgG in vitro at either temperature was directly proportional to IgG concentrations and inversely related to albumin concentrations. Thus, pathological sera with these protein alterations might form more aggregates during heating than normal sera. These data suggest the following: (1) heat inactivation of complement at 53 degrees for 90 min is preferable to the traditional 56 degrees; (2) in any assay where immunoglobulin aggregates might interfere, normal serum may be an inadequate control and correlations will need to be made between serum IgG and albumin concentrations and the results obtained in these assays.
Current situation of cancer information on the internet, and our approach to address the improvement (2010)

インターネットの普及によって手に入れることができる情報は増えた。医療の情報を得ることも容易となったが，インターネットにおける，がん医療の情報は必ずしも正しくない。調査では，国内で「肺癌」と検索し，上位50に表示されたサイトの中で，正しい治療方法を提示していたサイトは5割に満たなかった。このような状況を改善するために，私たちのグループはWebサイトを主体的に評価し，医療関係者の立場から，患者やその家族に勧めることのできるサイトを抽出し，Webサイト（http://www.がん情報.net）に掲載する試みを始めた。
What Makes an Effective Information Security Policy? (2002)

It is a well-known fact that the information security policy is one of the most important controls needed within an organization to manage the implementation and ensure the effectiveness of information security. The information security policy is essentially the direction-giving document in an organization and defines the broad boundaries of information security. Furthermore, it indicates management’s commitment to, and support for, information security in an organization and defines the role it has to play in reaching and supporting the organization’s vision and mission.
Silicon Nitride Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 <i>in vitro</i> (2020)

ABSTRACT Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, remains viable and therefore potentially infectious on several materials. One strategy to discourage the fomite-mediated spread of COVID-19 is the development of materials whose surface chemistry can spontaneously inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), a material used in spine fusion surgery, is one such candidate because it has been shown to inactivate several bacterial species and viral strains. This study hypothesized that contact with Si 3 N 4 would inactivate SARS-CoV-2, while mammalian cells would remain unaffected. Materials SARS-CoV-2 virions (2×10 4 PFU/mL diluted in growth media) were exposed to 5, 10, 15, and 20% (w/v) of an aqueous suspension of sintered Si 3 N 4 particles for durations of 1, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively. Before exposure to the virus, cytotoxicity testing of Si 3 N 4 alone was assessed in Vero cells at 24 and 48 hour post-exposure times. Following each exposure to Si 3 N 4 , the remaining infectious virus was quantitated by plaque assay. Results Vero cell viability increased at 5% and 10% (w/v) concentrations of Si 3 N 4 at exposure times up to 10 minutes, and there was only minimal impact on cell health and viability up to 20% (w/v). However, the SARS-CoV-2 titers were markedly reduced when exposed to all concentrations of Si 3 N 4 ; the reduction in viral titers was between 85% - 99.6%, depending on the dose and duration of exposure. Conclusions Si 3 N 4 was non-toxic to the Vero cells while showing strong antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The viricidal effect increased with increasing concentrations of Si 3 N 4 and longer duration of exposure. Surface treatment strategies based on Si 3 N 4 may offer novel methods to discourage SARS-CoV-2 persistence and infectivity on surfaces and discourage the spread of COVID-19.
Effect of Intracellular Interactions on the Processing and Secretion of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 (BMP-15) and Growth and Differentiation Factor-9 (2003)

Bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) and growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Both molecules are closely related in their primary structures and share a nearly identical spatiotemporal expression pattern in the oocyte during folliculogenesis in mammals. Here we have established a series of cell lines, which express recombinant BMP-15, GDF-9, or both, and investigated whether they form homodimers and/or heterodimers. We demonstrate the first evidence that both BMP-15 and GDF-9 can form non-covalent homodimers when expressed individually, while when both are co-expressed BMP-15/GDF-9 heterodimers are produced. Interestingly, when GDF-9 and BMP-15 are co-expressed the processing of both proproteins are significantly impaired as compared with that of the singly expressed proproteins, suggesting that the proprotein heterodimer is less susceptible to proteolytic cleavage than the individual homodimers. Since BMP-15 mutant sheep, called Inverdale, exhibit severe defects in ovarian function we have also established stable transformants expressing the mutant BMP-15 (InvBMP-15) alone or together with GDF-9. Although InvBMP-15 was previously predicted to be unable to form homodimers, we show here that it does form non-covalent dimers; however, the processing efficiency of InvBMP-15 proprotein is significantly lower than wild-type BMP-15. Surprisingly, when GDF-9 is co-expressed, the processing and secretion of InvBMP-15 is abolished, and the processing of GDF-9 is also severely impaired, suggesting that the heterodimers of InvBMP-15/GDF-9 proproteins are not susceptible to proteolytic cleavage and thus degrade in the cells. Based on these findings we propose a novel hypothesis that a decrease in GDF-9 secretion may be involved in causing infertility in homozygous Inverdale ewes.
Associations of Plasma-Soluble Fas Ligand with Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2008)

An elevation of plasma sFasL with aging may play a role in the development of AMD and is a potential peripheral marker for monitoring disease progression.
Injectable Multiple Sclerosis Medications (2012)

Although injection-site reactions (ISRs) occur with US Food and Drug Administration-approved injectable disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis, there are currently few reports of real-world data on ISR management strategies or possible correlations between ISRs and patient demographics, disease characteristics, and missed injections. Patient-reported data on the use of DMTs, patient demographic and disease characteristics, missed injections, and ISR reduction strategies were collected via e-mail, a patient registry (www.ms-cam.org), and a Web-based survey. Of the 1380 respondents, 1201 (87%) indicated that they had used injectable DMTs, of whom 377 (31%) had used intramuscular (IM) interferon beta-1a (IFNβ-1a), 172 (14%) had used subcutaneous (SC) IFNβ-1a, 183 (15%) had used SC IFNβ-1b, and 469 (39%) had used glatiramer acetate (GA). The majority of respondents were older (73% were ≥40 years), female (79%), married or living with a partner (72%), white (94%), and nonsmoking (82%). Injection-site reaction incidence, grouped according to severity, varied among DMTs, with IM IFNβ-1a causing significantly (P < .001) fewer mild, moderate, or severe ISRs than the other therapies. Female sex and younger age were significantly (P < .05) associated with more moderate ISRs among users of IM IFNβ-1a, SC IFNβ-1b, and GA. Nonwhites reported severe ISRs more often than whites. For all DMTs injection-site massage and avoidance of sensitive sites were the most frequently used strategies to minimize ISRs. These data may help identify patients with characteristics associated with a higher risk for ISRs, allowing health-care professionals to provide anticipatory guidance to patients at risk for decreased adherence or discontinuation.