gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond the arithmetic constraint (2008)

Look-up table based FPGAs have migrated from a niche technology for design prototyping to a valuable end-product component and, in some cases, a replacement for general purpose processors and ASICs alike. One way architects have bridged the performance gap between FPGAs and ASICs is through the inclusion of specialized components such as multipliers, RAM modules, and microcontrollers. Another dedicated structure that has become standard in reconfigurable fabrics is the arithmetic carry chain. Currently, it is only used to map arithmetic operations as identified by HDL macros. For non-arithmetic operations, it is an idle but potentially powerful resource
Feedback-Directed Optimizations in GCC with Estimated Edge Profiles from Hardware Event Sampling (2008)

Traditional feedback-directed optimization (FDO) uses static instrumentation to collect profiles. This method has shown good application performance gains, but is not commonly used in practice due to the high runtime overhead of profile collection, the tedious dual-compile usage model, and difficulties in generating representative training data sets. In this paper, we show that edge frequency estimates can be successfully constructed with heuristics using profile data collected by sampling of hardware events, incurring low runtime overhead (e.g., less then 2%), and requiring no instrumentation, yet achieving competetive performance gains. Our initial results show a 3-4% performance gain on the SPEC C benchmarks.
Spectral-based calorimetric calibration of a 3CCD color camera for fast and accurate characterization and calibration of LCD displays (2011)

LCD displays exhibit significant amount of variability in their tone-responses, color responses and backlight-modulation responses. LCD display characterization and calibration using a spectrometer or a color meter, however, leads to two basic deficiencies: (a) It can only generate calibration data based on a single spot on the display (usually at panel center); and (b) It generally takes a significant amount of time to do the required measurement. As a result, a fast and efficient system for a full LCD display characterization and calibration is required. Herein, a system based on a 3CCD calorimetrically-calibrated camera is presented which can be used for full characterization and calibration of LCD displays. The camera can provide full tri-stimulus measurements in real time. To achieve high-degree of accuracy, colorimetric calibration of camera is carried out based on spectral method.
A novel tetracationic phthalocyanine as a potential skin phototherapeutic agent (2005)

An amphiphilic tetracationic derivative of Zn(II)-phthalocyanine (RLP068) was prepared by means of chemical synthesis and was showed to possess efficient photophysical and photosensitizing properties against model biological substrates. RLP068 was incorporated into a gel formulation, which allowed its ready penetration into the epidermal layers, but not into the dermis, of both Balb/c and hairless SKH1 mice after 1-2 h of topical deposition. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the phthalocyanine thus formulated does not enter the general blood circulation. The epidermis-associated amount of phthalocyanine was sufficient to cause an important cutaneous damage upon irradiation with red light (600-700 nm; 100-180 mW/cm(2), 160 J/cm(2)); the latter was confined to the epidermal area with no apparent diffusion to the underlying dermal layers or appearance of photosensitivity in distal skin areas. A systematic investigation of the interplay among the different parameters (deposition time of the formulated phthalocyanine on mouse skin, irradiation fluence rate and total light fluence) allowed us to identify the minimal phototoxic dose, as well as to define irradiation protocols allowing the repeatability of the phototherapeutic treatment. The potential of RLP068 to act as a PDT agent for cutaneous diseases is briefly discussed.
Five New Monotetrahydrofuran Ring Acetogenins from the Leaves of <i>Annona muricata</i> (1996)

Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the leaves of Annona muricata resulted in the isolation of annopentocins A (1), B (2), and C(3), and cis- and trans-annomuricin-D-ones (4, 5). Compounds 1-3 are the first acetogenins reported bearing a mono-tetrahydrofuran (THF) ring with one flanking hydroxyl, on the hydrocarbon side, and another hydroxyl, on the lactone side, that is one carbon away from the THF ring. Compounds 4 and 5 were obtained in a mixture and are new mono-THF ring acetogenins bearing two flanking hydroxyls and an erythro-diol located between the THF and the ketolactone rings. Compound 1 was selectively cytotoxic to pancreatic carcinoma cells (PACA-2), and 2 and 3 were selectively cytotoxic to lung carcinoma cells (A-549); the mixture of 4 and 5 was selectively cytotoxic for the lung (A-549), colon (HT-29), and pancreatic (PACA-2) cell lines with potencies equal to or exceeding those of Adriamycin.
Eight-element array of three-axis fiber optic magnetometers for undersea applications (1994)

The 1/r3 dependence of the magnetic field with distance r makes the vector magnetometer an ideal sensor in undersea systems for the localization and tracking of vessels. Since the undersea system typically spans several hundred meters to several kilometers, use of fiber optics for both telemetry and sensing offers inherent advantages of low cable weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference on the signal transmission paths, and high channel capability.
<title>Recent progress in quantum well infrared photodetector research and development at Jet Propulsion Lab.</title> (1998)

One of the simplest device realizations of the classic particle-in-the-box problem of basic quantum mechanics is the quantum well IR photodetector (QWIP). In this paper we discuss the optimization of the detector design, material growth and processing that has culminated in realization of 15 micron cutoff 128 X 128 QWIP focal plane array camera, hand-held and palmsize 256 X 256 long wavelength QWIP cameras and 648 X 480 long-wavelength cameras, holding forth great promise for myriad applications in 6-25 micron wavelength range in science, medicine, defense and industry. In addition, we present the recent developments in broadband QWIPs and mid-wave long-wave dualband QWIPs at Jet Propulsion Lab for various NASA and DOD applications.
Activation Tagging of the Floral Inducer <i>FT</i> (1999)

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which acts in parallel with the meristem-identity gene LEAFY (LFY) to induce flowering of Arabidopsis, was isolated by activation tagging. Like LFY, FT acts partially downstream of CONSTANS (CO), which promotes flowering in response to long days. Unlike many other floral regulators, the deduced sequence of the FT protein does not suggest that it directly controls transcription or transcript processing. Instead, it is similar to the sequence of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), an inhibitor of flowering that also shares sequence similarity with membrane-associated mammalian proteins.
A Dual-Band Coupled-Line Balun Filter (2007)

In this paper, a new type of device called dual-band coupled-line bandpass balun filter is presented. Based on the traditional coupled-line filter theory and Marchand balun configuration, a new device with both filter-type, as well as balun-type characteristics is proposed. The new device utilizes -type transmission-line stepped-impedance resonators to achieve a dual-band operation. Besides providing a simple design procedure for the device, its working mechanism is also revealed mathematically. A prototype balun filter operating at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz has been realized using traditional printed circuit board technology to validate the proposed concept and theory, showing promising application potentials for future multiband RF wireless transceiver modules. Experimental measurements show good agreement with analytical and computer simulations.
Amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Anode for Rechargeable Sodium Ion Batteries (2011)

Sodium ion batteries are an attractive alternative to lithium ion batteries that alleviate problems with lithium availability and cost. Despite several studies of cathode materials for sodium ion batteries involving layered oxide materials, there are few low-voltage metal oxide anodes capable of operating sodium ion reversibly at room temperature. We have synthesized amorphous titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO2NT) electrodes directly grown on current collectors without binders and additives to use as an anode for sodium ion batteries. We find that only amorphous large diameter nanotubes (>80 nm I.D.) can support electrochemical cycling with sodium ions. These electrodes maximize their capacity in operando and reach reversible capacity of 150 mAh/g in 15 cycles. We also demonstrate for the first time a full cell all-oxide Na ion battery using TiO2NT anode coupled to a Na1.0Li0.2Ni0.25Mn0.75Oδ cathode at room temperature exhibiting good rate capability.
Virtual path group protection switching-A method for fast ATM network survivability (2002)

A telecommunications network often has survivability capabilities to restore service following the occurrence of various service-affecting defects. To ensure high reliability over a wide range of services, the network must be able to restore service very quickly, on the order of 60 to 200 ms. This requirement can place extreme and costly processing demands on network elements (NEs). Many different survivability techniques are possible depending on an application's cost, service, and performance requirements. Furthermore, networks are now being developed based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology and carried within a synchronous digital hierarchy/synchronous optical network (SDH/SONET) physical layer. In these networks, the existing physical-layer protection switching capabilities (for example, SDH/SONET line or path protection switching) cannot detect ATM-specific defects (such as loss of ATM connection continuity) and thus cannot protect against them. While protection switching of individual ATM virtual connections (virtual path [VP] or virtual channel [VC]) could be added to accommodate ATM-specific defects, such a large-scale defect as a facility failure will cause a fault on each of hundreds or even thousands of separate ATM connections and thus will require as many simultaneous and independent restoration operations. The virtual path group (VPG) protection switching technique described in this paper offers both fast restoration (on the order of 60 ms) and minimum processing. This technique, useful in a broad range of ATM networking applications, provides high-performance network protection largely consistent with established ATM standards. It forms a basis for emerging ATM network protection standards, and it will provide leading-edge network survivability features to future Lucent Technologies ATM solutions.
[Construction of engineered Streptococcus zooepidemicus for the production of hyaluronic acid ligosaccharide]. (2019)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used in many fields, such as medicine, cosmetics and food. The bioactivity of HA depends on its molecular weight (Mw). Owing to the important physiological activities and special physiological functions, HA oligosaccharides have important application prospects in medicine fields. Streptococcus zooepidemicus has wide applications in commercial production of HA, due to its short fermentation cycle and strong production intensity. In order to efficiently synthesize HA oligosaccharides and solve the dissolved oxygen in the fermentation process, in this study, we overexpressed HA synthase (HasA) and introduced and optimized the leech hyaluronidase LHAase in Streptococcus zooepidemicus WSH-24. As a result, HA oligosaccharides were efficiently produced with improved dissolved oxygen. After 24 h, HA oligosaccharides production intensity reached to 294.2 mg/(L·h), and the concentration accumulated to 0.97 g/L in flask cultures, which was 1.82 times of the wild strain. Impressively, HA oligosaccharides were increased to 7.06 g/L in 3 L fermentor. The constructed Streptococcus zooepidemicus strain for producing HA oligosaccharides would have broad application prospects.
FocusStack: Orchestrating Edge Clouds Using Location-Based Focus of Attention (2016)

Allocating and managing resources in the Internet of Things (IoT) presents many new challenges, including massive scale, new security issues, and new resource types that become critical in making orchestration decisions. In this paper, we investigate whether clouds of edge devices can be managed as Infrastructure-as-a-Service clouds. We describe our approach, FocusStack, that uses location based situational awareness, implemented over a multi-tier geographic addressing network, to solve the problems of inefficient awareness messaging and mixed initiative control that IoT device clouds raise for traditional cloud management tools. We provide an extended case study of a shared video application as initial demonstration and evaluation of the work and show that we effectively solve the two key problems above.
Potential energy savings in refrigeration systems using optimal set-points (2005)

Energy efficiency of refrigeration systems has gradually been improved with help of control schemes utilizing the more flexible components. This paper proposes an approach in line with this trend, where a suboptimal condenser pressure is found in order to minimize the energy consumption. The objective is to give an idea of how this optimization scheme works as well as to show what amount of energy it is possible to save. A steady state model of a simple refrigeration system can be used as a basis for the optimization.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation promotes development in mice of mature human muscle from immortalized human myoblasts (2015)

Our results indicate that control and FSHD human myofibers can form in mice engrafted with hMPCs and that iNMES enhances engraftment and subsequent development of mature human muscle.
Portable Magnetic Gradiometer for Real-Time Localization and Classification of Unexploded Ordnance (2006)

We report progress toward achievement of a new magnetic tensor gradiometer technology that is being developed with support from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The objective of this R & D effort is to provide a man-portable magnetic tensor gradiometer for real-time, point-by-point detection, localization and classification (DLC) of unexploded ordnance (UXO). The portable gradiometer processes data from triaxial fluxgate magnetometers to develop sets of rotationally invariant, "gradient-contraction-type" scalar parameters. The scalar parameters provide the basis for a unique Scalar Triangulation and Ranging (STAR) method that determines the UXO's position and magnetic signature. In particular, our paper presents: (a) A review of the magnetic STAR concept, (b) Details of construction and operation of the portable STAR-type gradiometer, (c) Results of computer simulations of the effects of fluxgate noise on the gradiometer's target-tracking performance and (d) Results of experimental measurements of uncorrelated fluxgate noise and correlated gradient channel imbalance errors, (e) Preliminary results from a gradient imbalance noise compensation algorithm. The R & D results indicate that the magnetic STAR concept potentially will provide an exceptionally valuable, motion-noise-resistant magnetic sensing technology for real-time, DLC of UXO, and buried mines
Spectral Analysis of R Wave Attenuation and Heart Rate Variability for Detection of Cheyne Stokes Breathing (2005)

Spectral analysis was carried out on the R-Wave Attenuation (RWA) trend and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) series, derived from the polysomnographic Electrocardiogram (ECG) of the subjects with and without Cheyne Stokes Breathing. Nocturnal polysomnography was performed on 16 Normal subjects and 7 subjects with Cheyne Stokes Breathing (CSB) patients. The polysomnographic ECG data was divided into fifteen minute epochs for analysis. These epochs are processed to obtain the RWA. Hilbert Transform based algorithm [4] was used for QRS detection. Power spectrum of RWA and HRV are computed for each clip by using Welch's averaged periodogram method. HRV is sensitive to REM sleep as well and hence not specific to sleep apnea [12]. Hence the parameters derived from HRV alone cannot be used as diagnostic markers. Hence a combined detection scheme which uses parameters derived from RWA and HRV power spectrum is used in the proposed method to increase detection accuracy. This method produced a sensitivity of 84.75% and specificity of 87.03% in the training set and sensitivity of 85.78% and a specificity of 87.19% in the test set.
Direct-coupled interstitial ultrasound applicators for simultaneous thermobrachytherapy: a feasibility study (1996)

This study presents the design and performance evaluation of interstitial ultrasound applicators designed specifically for thermal therapy with simultaneous brachytherapy. The applicator consists of a multielement array of piezoceramic tubular radiators, each with separate power control, surrounded by thin layers of electrically-insulating and biocompatible coatings (< 2.6 mm OD). A catheter which is compatible with remote afterloaders and standard brachytherapy technology forms the inner lumen. These 'direct-coupled interstitial ultrasound applicators' (DCIUA's) are placed within the tumour or target region, with the coated transducer surface forming the outer wall of the implant catheter. Thermocouple sensors embedded in the coating over each transducer can be used for continuous monitoring of the tissue/applicator interface temperatures for feedback control of power to each transducer segment. Theoretical acoustic power deposition and corresponding temperature distributions from thermal simulations have demonstrated that the radius of effective heating is highly dependent upon the acoustic efficiency of the piezoceramic transducers, with effective heating extending > 1 - 1.5 cm radially for typical DCIUA applicators that are 60-65% efficient. This exceeds the effective heating radius of both thermal conduction and RF heating technologies. Measurements with prototype multielement ultrasound applicators have demonstrated acoustic efficiencies between 60 and 65% and beam distributions which are fairly uniform and collimated to the transducer axial length. Thermal dosimetry measurements within in vivo tissues have demonstrated controllable therapeutic temperature rises at 1 - 1.5 cm radial depth from the applicators, which were in agreement with the simulations. This study demonstrates that direct-coupled ultrasound applicators, designed without an active cooling mechanism in order to accommodate the insertion of radiation sources, are practicable for simultaneous thermobrachytherapy and promises to give more adjustable heating patterns than current alternative techniques.
An Economical Synthesis of Famciclovir (1999)

An economical synthesis of famciclovir from N-2-acetyl-7-benzylguanine by a novel regioselective alkylation with the diester cyclopropane compound was developed.
YBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub x composites with improved toughness and strength (1990)

Composite YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x}/Ag superconductors were cast into thin tapes. Tapes containing 15 volume % Ag were 2 to 2.5 times stronger than monolithic YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} tapes and had higher fracture toughnesses. The tapes containing Ag flakes were stronger than those containing Ag powder, possibly because of effects of preferred orientation. The superconducting properties of the tapes were not appreciably affected by Ag addition. Composite bars of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} and 10 mole % ZrO{sub 2} coated with Y{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5} were found to have double the fracture toughness of unreinforced YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x}. Strength was unaffected by ZrO{sub 2} addition, however, because of differences in flaw populations. 16 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Hepatitis B virus infection. Current concepts of chronicity and immunity. (1984)

Among the three types of viral hepatitis agents-A, B and non-A, non-B-the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been best characterized by immunologic and recombinant DNA technologies. The indefinite persistence of hepatitis B virus infection in 85% to 90% of perinatally infected infants and in about 10% of those infected later in life accounts for a worldwide epidemiologic reservoir of more than 200 million carriers who are at a high risk for the development of delta-infection, chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Active immunization with a safe and effective vaccine, derived from the plasma of carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is envisaged to avoid viral hepatitis type B and its chronic sequelae. In addition to serologic and immunohistochemical markers of hepatitis B virus infection, hybridization assays using cloned HBV DNA have provided new insight into the biology of this virus, its persistence and its oncogenic potential in humans and in animal models. Genetic similarities have been recognized between HBV and the antigenically distinct non-A, non-B agents implicated in some cases of transfusion-associated chronic hepatitis. Structurally this unique group of HBV and HBV-like agents are DNA viruses with functional attributes of integration and replication analogous to the retroviruses.
High-level noise source for the calibration of Johnson noise power thermometers (1978)

A new high-level noise source was developed specifically for the calibration of Johnson noise power thermometers (JNPT), but it is useful in other applications requiring a stable, wideband, well-defined noise power spectral density. The design concept for the noise source is based on the fact that the open-circuit thermal noise voltage of a feedback resistor, connecting the output to the input of an inverting amplifier, is available at the amplifier output from an equivalent low output impedance caused by the feedback mechanism. The noise power spectral density level at the noise source output is equivalent to the density of the open-circuit thermal noise of a 100-Omega resistor at a temperature of about 64 000 K. The noise source has an output power spectral density that is flat to within 0.1% (0.0043 dB) in the frequency range 1-150 kHz which brackets typical passbands of the signal-processing channels of JNPTs. The noise source was evaluated by comparing its output noise power with the thermal noise power generated by a platinum resistor of known ohmic value at the temperature of the aluminum freezing point (933.52 K). The measured noise power was within 0.06% of the value computed from the fundamental thermal noise equation of Nyquist. The power spectral density varies less than 0.03% for ambient temperature fluctuations in the range 15 degrees -35 degrees C.
Single-Molecule-Based Super-Resolution Images in the Presence of Multiple Fluorophores (2011)

Several super-resolution techniques exist, yet most require multiple lasers, use either large or weakly emitting fluorophores, or involve chemical manipulation. Here we show a simple technique that exceeds the standard diffraction limit by 5-15× on fixed samples, yet allows the user to localize individual fluorophores from among groups of crowded fluorophores. It relies only on bright, organic fluorophores and a sensitive camera, both of which are commercially available. Super-resolution is achieved by subtracting sequential images to find the fluorophores that photobleach (temporarily or permanently), photoactivate, or bind to the structure of interest in transitioning from one frame to the next. These fluorophores can then be localized via Gaussian fitting with selective frame averaging to achieve accuracies much better than the diffraction limit. The signal-to-noise ratio decreases with the square root of the number of nearby fluorophores, producing average single-molecule localization errors that are typically <30 nm. Surprisingly, one can often extract signal when there are approximately 20 fluorophores surrounding the fluorophore of interest. Examples shown include microtubules (in vitro and in fixed cells) and chromosomal DNA.