gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-optical clock extraction performance of a mode-locked diode laser with a novel external-cavity configuration (2002)

Optical clock recovery, where optical clock pulses are synchronized to ultrahigh-speed optical signals are extracted for use in optical demultiplexers and repeaters, is one of the key techniques for achieving ultrahigh-speed optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) systems. We present a mode-locked diode laser with an external-cavity configuration that is specially designed for optical clock extraction.
Separations of Hazardous Organics from Gas and Liquid Feedstreams Using Phosphazene Polymer Membranes (1993)

Abstract In this paper the liquid-liquid and gas separation properties for the separation of hazardous organic feed streams using pervaporation and gas separation methods with poly[bis(phenoxy)phosphazene] based membranes are reported. Liquid transport behavior was determined using pervaporation techniques. The preliminary gas separations were studied using a mixed gas separation method which we have described previously. Using the membrane pervaporation technique, separation factors of 10,000 have been routinely achieved for the separation of methylene chloride from water. Other tests have shown similar results for the removal of hydrocarbon vapors from air. Membranes were prepared using solution casting techniques. Solvent evaporation rates during the casting and subsequent curing processes were controlled to provide a consistent membrane microstructure. These results suggest that polyphosphazene membrane technology could effectively be used in cleaning up air and ground water that has been contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons.
<title>Site-specific tumor-targeted fluorescent contrast agents</title> (2001)

Site-specific delivery of drugs and contrast agents to tumors protects normal tissues from the cytotoxic effect of drugs, and enhances the contrast between normal and diseased tissues. In optical medicine, biocompatible dyes can be used as photo therapeutics or as contrast agents. Previous studies have shown that the use of covalent or non-covalent dye conjugates of carries such as antibodies, liposomes, and polysaccharides improves the delivery of such molecules to tumors. However, large biomolecules can elicit adverse immunogenic reactions and also result in prolonged blood circulation times, delaying visualization of target tissues. A viable alternative to this strategy is to use small bioactive molecule-dye conjugates. These molecules have several advantages over large biomolecules, including ease of synthesis of a variety of high purity compounds for combinatorial screening of new targets, enhanced diffusivity to solid tumors, and the ability to affect the pharmocokinetics of the conjugates by minor structural changes. Thus, we conjugated a near IR light absorbing dye to bioactive peptides that specifically target over expressed tumor receptors in established rat tumor lines. High tumor uptake of the conjugates was obtained without loss of either the peptide receptor affinity or the dye fluorescence. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of a small peptide-dye conjugate strategy for in vivo tumor imaging. Site-specific delivery of photodynamic therapy agents may also benefit form this approach.
Abstract 39: Platelet Reactivity to Prostaglandin E2 is a Novel Modifiable Risk Factor for St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2016)

Background: Patients with lower thresholds for platelet activation are at increased risk for primary and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and overall cardiovascular (CV) mortality. We have demonstrated that there are two phenotypes of platelet response to Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), such that it increases threshold for aggregation in 45% of individuals (inhibitory) and lowers threshold for aggregation in 55% (potentiating). As PGE 2 is present in atherosclerotic plaques, and its receptors are present on platelets, biologic variability in PGE 2 responses may have clinical implications. We hypothesized that patients with higher thresholds for platelet activation would have a lower risk of thrombotic CV events, specifically ST-Elevation MI (STEMI). Methods: 85 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for stable or unstable coronary disease were phenotyped for PGE 2 response. Platelet rich plasma was treated with various concentrations of U46,619 (thromboxane agonist) with or without PGE 2 100 nM, and phenotype determined by light aggregometry. Analysis of the maximum PGE 2 effect (maximum aggregation with PGE 2 minus maximum aggregation without it) was performed using linear and non-linear statistical methods. Results: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were similar between groups. A higher percentage of patients with the potentiating phenotype had a history of STEMI than those with the inhibitory phenotype. Logistic regression using restricted cubic spline showed that the predicted probabilities of STEMI increased from 0.04 (at the strongest inhibitory phenotype) to 0.43 (at the median phenotype). The OR of phenotype at the median relative to that at the 10th quantile was 7.4 (95 % CI=1.6, 34.8). Conclusions: PGE 2 inhibitory phenotype confers a decreased lifetime risk of STEMI in individuals at high risk for CV events. We have previously shown that an EP3 receptor antagonist converts the potentiating to the inhibitory phenotype. Thus, the PGE2 phenotype may be a novel marker of cardiovascular risk that may also identify patients who would benefit from an EP3 antagonist.
Bright color reflective displays with interlayer reflectors (2011)

A good solution to the reflective display of color has been a major challenge for the display industry, with very limited color gamuts demonstrated to date. Conventional side-by-side red, green and blue color filters waste two-thirds of incident light. The alternative of stacking cyan, magenta and yellow layers is also challenging--a 10% loss per layer compounds to nearly 50% overall. Here we demonstrate an architecture that interleaves absorbing-to-clear shutters with matched wavelength selective reflectors. This increases color gamut by reducing losses and more cleanly separating the color channels, and gives much wider choice of electro-optic colorants.
Removal of Image Artifacts Due to Sensor Dust (2007)

Image artifacts that result from sensor dust are a common but annoying problem for many photographers. To reduce the appearance of dust in an image, we first formulate a model of artifact formation due to sensor dust. With this artifact formation model, we make use of contextual information in the image and a color consistency constraint on dust to remove these artifacts. When multiple images are available from the same camera, even under different camera settings, this approach can also be used to reliably detect dust regions on the sensor. In contrast to image inpainting or other hole-filling methods, the proposed technique utilizes image information within a dust region to guide the use of contextual data. Joint use of these multiple cues leads to image recovery results that are not only visually pleasing, but also faithful to the actual scene. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated in experiments with various cameras.
Bulk preparation of holey graphene via controlled catalytic oxidation (2013)

Structural manipulation of the two dimensional graphene surface has been of significant interest as a means of tuning the properties of the nanosheets for enhanced performance in various applications. In this report, a straightforward and highly scalable method is presented to prepare bulk quantities of "holey graphenes", which are graphene sheets with holes ranging from a few to tens of nm in average diameter. The approach to their preparation takes advantage of the catalytic properties of silver (Ag) nanoparticles toward the air oxidation of graphitic carbon. In the procedure, Ag nanoparticles were first deposited onto the graphene sheet surface in a facile, controllable, and solvent-free process. The catalyst-loaded graphene samples were then subjected to thermal treatment in air. The graphitic carbons in contact with the Ag nanoparticles were selectively oxidized into gaseous byproducts, such as CO or CO2, leaving holes in the graphene surface. The Ag was then removed by refluxing in diluted nitric acid to obtain the final holey graphene products. The average size of the holes on the graphene was found to correlate with the size of the Ag nanoparticles, which could be controlled by adjusting the silver precursor concentration. In addition, the temperature and time of the air oxidation step, and the catalyst removal treatment conditions were found to strongly affect the morphology of the holes. Characterization results of the holey graphene products suggested that the hole generation might have started from defect-rich regions present on the starting graphene sheets. As a result, the remaining graphitic carbon structures on the holey graphene sheets were highly crystalline, with no significant increase of the overall defect density despite the presence of structural holes. Preliminary experiments are also presented on the use of holey graphene sheets as fillers for polymeric composites. The results indicated that these sheets might be better reinforcing fillers than the starting graphene sheets due to their perforated structure. Other unique potentials of these materials, such as for energy storage applications, are also discussed.
A dynamic model buffer for parametric motion vector prediction in random-access coding scenarios (2013)

Motion compensated inter prediction is a powerful tool used in modern hybrid video codecs to reduce the temporal redundancy of video sequences. However, the motion information needed for motion compensation is highly redundant as well. Thus, motion vector prediction and difference coding is a common method in modern video codecs. During the standardization of HEVC, new methods for motion prediction such as temporal motion vector prediction have been analyzed. This paper presents a method for motion vector prediction from perspective motion models in random access scenarios with hierarchical group of picture structures. To enable this kind of prediction a dynamic buffer system for generating, compressing and transmitting the underlying motion models is introduced. Bit rate reductions of up to 5% underline the performance of the complete system.
Quest for Zeolite-like Metal−Organic Frameworks:  On Pyrimidinecarboxylate Bis-Chelating Bridging Ligands (2008)

Two novel porous zeolitelike metal-organic frameworks (ZMOFs) were constructed via the single metal ion-based molecular building block approach from rigid and directional tetrahedral building units and pyrimidinecarboxylate bridging ligands; their ion exchange and hydrogen sorption properties were evaluated.
Bayesian region selection for adaptive dictionary-based Super-Resolution (2013)

The performance of dictionary-based super-resolution (SR) strongly depends on the
contents of the training dataset. Nevertheless, many dictionary-based SR methods randomly select patches from of a larger set of training images to build their dictionaries
[
8
,
14
,
19
,
20
], thus relying on patches being diverse enough. This paper describes
a dictionary building method for SR based on adaptively selecting an optimal subset of
patches out of the training images. Each training image is divided into sub-image entities,
named regions, of such a size that texture consistency is preserved and high-frequency
(HF) energy is present. For each input patch to super-resolve, the best-fitting region is
found through a Bayesian selection. In order to handle the high number of regions in
the training dataset, a local Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbor (NBNN) approach is used.
Trained with this adapted subset of patches, sparse coding SR is applied to recover the
high-resolution image. Experimental results demonstrate that using our adaptive algo-
rithm produces an improvement in SR performance with respect to non-adaptive training.
Opportunities in software engineering research for web API consumption (2017)

Nowadays, invoking third party code increasingly involves calling web services via their web APIs, as opposed to the more traditional scenario of downloading a library and invoking the library's API. However, there are also new challenges for developers calling these web APIs. In this paper, we highlight a broad set of these challenges and argue for resulting opportunities for software engineering research to support developers in consuming web APIs. We outline two specific research threads in this context: (1) web API specification curation, which enables us to know the signatures of web APIs, and (2) static analysis that is capable of extracting URLs, HTTP methods etc. of web API calls. Furthermore, we present new work on how we combine (1) and (2) to provide IDE support for application developers consuming web APIs. As web APIs are used broadly, research in supporting the consumption of web APIs offers exciting opportunities.
A passive micromachined device for alignment of arrays of single-mode fibers for hermetic photonic packaging-the CLASP concept (1996)

A micro-machined fiber alignment device, called the capture and locking alignment spring positioner (CLASP) has been fabricated. It uses a nickel leaf spring to passively capture vertical arrays of single-mode fibers with /spl sim/2 /spl mu/m accuracy.
LCU-based adaptive interpolation filter (2012)

Interpolation filter that supports motion estimation with fractional-pel accuracy is one of important coding tools for improving efficiency of inter frame coding. A lot of interpolation filters were proposed to standardization activity of Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) to establish a next video coding standard called High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). DCT-based interpolation filter (DCT-IF) is currently employed in the HEVC test model (HM) software. However, the values of the filter coefficients are constant regardless of the characteristic of the input video. The authors proposed a region-based adaptive interpolation filter (RBAIF) that optimizes the filter coefficients on a region-by-region basis. In this paper, some modifications are added to the conventional RBAIF. Simulation results showed that, compared to the HM software, the proposed filter offers about 0.5% and 0.4% average coding gains for luminance and chrominance, respectively. Runtime of the encoder and the decoder were 101.4% and 102.5% on average, respectively.
MySong (2008)

We introduce MySong, a system that automatically chooses chords to accompany a vocal melody. A user with no musical experience can create a song with instrumental accompaniment just by singing into a microphone, and can experiment with different styles and chord patterns using interactions designed to be intuitive to non-musicians.
Cadmium sulfide surface stabilization and Schottky barrier enhancement for InP based optoelectronic devices (2002)

We have investigated the use of CdS interlayers grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD). We have deposited CdS on a wide variety of III-V semiconductors. We found that native oxides were reduced by the CdS treatment. CdS-treated and untreated HEMTs and metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSMs) were compared. Thin 50 /spl Aring/ layers were effective in reducing gate and surface leakage. The thin CdS layers reduced the gate leakage of InA1As/InGaAs HEMTs and the dark current of InA1As/InGaAs optical detectors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates a reduction of surface oxides and the prevention of subsequent group III or V oxide formation. Backside processing of InGaAs/lnA1As MSMs allows complete coverage of the mesas. The CBD process for depositing CdS is inherently adaptable to a wide range of optoelectronic device processes.
RNA Libraries and RNA Recognitiona (1996)

Random RNA libraries, consisting of > 10(13) unique sequences, contain molecules capable of specifically binding small molecule and protein ligands by noncovalent interaction. Successive steps of affinity purification and amplification allow the propagation and eventual isolation of specific binding molecules, called aptamers. Although protein- and small-molecule-binding aptamers have been characterized previously, selection of RNA aptamers capable of binding nucleic acids has previously yielded only molecules capable of Watson-Crick base pairing to the nucleic acid ligand used for selection. On the other hand, it is known from studies on catalytic and other RNAs that both inter- and intramolecular RNA-RNA interaction can occur by non-Watson-Crick means. We have therefore incorporated a strategy to obviate the possibility of Watson-Crick interaction into a selection scheme for the isolation of RNA-recognizing aptamers. The aptamers so isolated do not show extensive Watson-Crick complementarity with the RNA ligand used for the selection, thereby validating the selection strategy. Curiously, all of the aptamers characterized contain several oligo-G stretches bounded by U residues. This sequence motif, which occurs as DNA in telomeres (chromosome ends) may therefore be a general RNA-RNA interaction motif. An additional sequence motif is apparently superimposed on this background structure.
Power Efficient Sense Amplifier For Emerging Non Volatile Memories (2020)

A low power and low voltage sense amplifier is presented in this brief for emerging nonvolatile memories such as Phase Change Memory (PCM), Resistive RAM (ReRAM) and Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM). These memories use a special Alloy element, which is modeled as variable resistor. During programmed (RSET) and erased (SET) state, these elements exhibit large distribution in resistance value. This work presents a fast, reliable, power and area efficient sense amplifier in 110nm BCD technology with embedded PCM option. The proposed sense amplifier is able to sense sub $\mu$A current difference between memory cell and reference current at 1. 2V supply voltage and can operate at entire automotive grade temperature range from -40°C to 175°C.
Development of a post-processing algorithm to classify rhythms detected as ventricular tachyarrhythmias by Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (2007)

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICD) detect ventricular tachycardia /fibrillation (VT/VF) using atrial (A) and ventricular (V) electrograms (EGMs). ICD algorithms discriminate VT/VF from supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), but misclassify some SVTs as VT/VF. Clinicians review detected episodes to identify true SVT episodes and guide appropriate clinical action. A post-processing, expert-system algorithm was developed to classify tachyarrhythmias detected and stored in ICD memory. The algorithm was designed to diagnose rhythms with V EGM and/or timing of A/ V events. Rhythms that did not fulfill the criteria were classified as Unknown. The algorithm was tested using a dataset of 469 episodes. The algorithm correctly classified 80% of the episodes with 99% accuracy. This accuracy may be sufficient that physician review may be required only for Unknown episodes.
Systematic Approach to Optimizing Specifically Targeted Antimicrobial Peptides against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (2010)

Previously we reported a novel strategy of "targeted killing" through the design of narrow-spectrum molecules known as specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides (STAMPs) (R. Eckert et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:3651-3657, 2006; R. Eckert et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:1480-1488, 2006). Construction of these molecules requires the identification and the subsequent utilization of two conjoined yet functionally independent peptide components: the targeting and killing regions. In this study, we sought to design and synthesize a large number of STAMPs targeting Streptococcus mutans, the primary etiologic agent of human dental caries, in order to identify candidate peptides with increased killing speed and selectivity compared with their unmodified precursor antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We hypothesized that a combinatorial approach, utilizing a set number of AMP, targeting, and linker regions, would be an effective method for the identification of STAMPs with the desired level of activity. STAMPs composed of the Sm6 S. mutans binding peptide and the PL-135 AMP displayed selectivity at MICs after incubation for 18 to 24 h. A STAMP where PL-135 was replaced by the B-33 killing domain exhibited both selectivity and rapid killing within 1 min of exposure and displayed activity against multispecies biofilms grown in the presence of saliva. These results suggest that potent and selective STAMP molecules can be designed and improved via a tunable "building-block" approach.
Comprehensive Background Calibration of Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (2015)

A dynamic path-mismatch calibration operating on direct derivative information (DDI) augments the reference-path equalization technique of that treats static mismatch errors in time-interleaved (TI) analog-to-digital converters (ADC). The approach results in a comprehensive background calibration of interleaved ADC arrays suitable for digitizing wideband inputs. The DDI of the analog input is produced by a passive high-pass filter (HPF) followed by a zero-crossing comparator, and subsequently utilized in the process to extract the dynamic mismatch profiles of the TI conversion paths, i.e., timing skew, bandwidth mismatch, etc. A zero-forcing algorithm drives the adaptive tuning procedures of the converter front-end circuits to eliminate the mismatch errors at source. The non-idealities of the DDI circuitry and their impact on the calibration performance are discussed. Behavioral simulation of an 8-bit, 20-GS/s TI-ADC reveals that signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) over 47 dB and 70 dB, respectively, can be routinely obtained for single-tone inputs from DC to Nyquist after calibration, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed technique.
Serum D-Dimer Test Is Promising for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Timing of Reimplantation (2017)

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Depth image-based representations for static and animated 3D objects (2003)

We describe a novel depth image-based representation (DIBR) that has been adopted into the MPEG-4 animation framework extension (AFX). The idea of this approach is to build a compact representation of a 3D object or scene without storing the geometry information in traditional polygonal form. The main formats of the DIBR family are simple texture (an image together with depth array), point texture (a view of a scene from a single input camera but with multiple pixels along each line of sight), and octree image (octree data structure together with a set of images and their viewport parameters). The designed node specifications and rendering algorithms are addressed. The experimental results show the efficacy and fidelity of the proposed approach.
Golf green visualization (1991)

Television coverage of golf fails to bring the viewer an appreciation of the complex topography of a golf green and how that topography affects the putting of golf balls. A computer graphics simulation that enhances the viewer's perception of these features using shaded polygonal models of the actual golf green used in tournaments is presented. Mathematical modeling of the golf ball's trajectory on its way toward the hole further enhances viewer understanding. A putting difficulty map assesses the relative difficulty of putting from each location on the green to a given pin position. The object-oriented system is written in C and runs on a variety of 3D graphics workstations. As an experiment, the system was used at a professional golf tournament and correctly simulated all putts during the final round. >