gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparing spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope probes on capped carbon nanotubes by Fe doping: A first-principles study (2009)

Our first-principles calculations indicate the possibility of preparing spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) probes from Fe-doped capped carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The structural stability, magnetic moment, and electronic property of hybrid systems are found to depend on the Fe adsorption site, which is attributed to the hybridization between Fe 3d and C 2p orbitals. The CNTs with Fe atoms adsorbed at the tip-top are demonstrated to be promising candidates for the SP-STM probe, with a high spin polarization leading to a completely spin-polarized current at lower voltages. In contrast, the CNTs encapsulating Fe atom are basically nonmagnetic, and thus useless for the SP-STM probe application in nature.
Managing SLAs of heterogeneous workloads using dynamic application placement (2008)

In this paper we address the problem of managing heterogeneous workloads in a virtualized data center. We consider two different workloads: transactional applications and long-running jobs. We present a technique that permits collocation of these workload types on the same physical hardware. Our technique dynamically modifies workload placement by leveraging control mechanisms such as suspension and migration, and strives to optimally trade off resource allocation among these workloads in spite of their differing characteristics and performance objectives. Our approach builds upon our previous work on dynamically placing transactional workloads. This paper extends our framework with the capability to manage long-running workloads. We achieve this goal by using utility functions, which permit us to compare the performance of various workloads, and which are used to drive allocation decisions. We demonstrate that our technique maximizes heterogeneous workload performance while providing service differentiation based on high-level performance goals.
Inversion of Configuration of (S)--Hydroxy--butyrolactone with Total Retention of the Enantiomeric Purity (1999)

In this paper we report the inversion of configuration of (S)-β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone [(S)-1] to its (R) enantiomer (R)-1, with total retention of the enantiomeric purity, by a four-step procedure. The (R)-β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone [(R)-1] was thus synthetized with an overall chemical yield of 47% and > 97% ee. This transformation opens an economic route to the production of (R)-GABOB and (R)-carnitine, among other biologically active compounds, from a D-hexose source, or, alternatively, from the industrial waste compound (S)-carnitine. During the reaction sequence, the intermediate β-lactone 4 is also prepared, which is now under investigation as a chiral synthon for new synthetic applications.
Interactive Error Resolution Strategies for Speech-to-Speech Translation Systems (2013)

In this demonstration, we will showcase BBN’s Speech-to-Speech (S2S) translation system that employs novel interaction strategies to resolve errors through user-friendly dialog with the speaker. The system performs a series of analysis on input utterances to detect out-ofvocabulary (OOV) named-entities and terms, sense ambiguities, homophones, idioms and ill-formed inputs. This analysis is used to identify potential errors and select an appropriate resolution strategy. Our evaluation shows a 34% (absolute) improvement in cross-lingual transfer of erroneous concepts in our English to Iraqi-Arabic S2S system.
An adaptive dictionary encoding scheme for SOC data buses (2003)

As bus lengths on multi-hundred-million transistor SOCs (systems-on-a-chip) grow and as inter-wire capacitances of sub-0.1 /spl mu/m technologies increase, the resulting high switching capacitances of buses (and interconnects in general) have a non-negligible impact on the power consumption of a whole SOC. In this paper, we address this problem by introducing our bus encoding technique 'ADES' that minimizes the power consumption of data buses through a dictionary-based encoding technique. We show that our technique saves between 18% and 40% of bus energy compared to the non-encoded cases using a large set of (freely-accessible) real-world applications. Furthermore, we compare our technique to the best-known data bus encoding techniques to date and show that it exceeds all of them in energy savings for the same set of applications. The additional hardware effort for our bus en/decoder is thereby very small.
The influence of hydrogen on the chemical, mechanical, optical/electronic, and electrical transport properties of amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (2015)

Because of its high electrical resistivity, low dielectric constant (κ), high thermal neutron capture cross section, and robust chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties, amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (a-BxC:Hy) has garnered interest as a material for low-κ dielectric and solid-state neutron detection applications. Herein, we investigate the relationships between chemical structure (atomic concentration B, C, H, and O), physical/mechanical properties (density, porosity, hardness, and Young's modulus), electronic structure [band gap, Urbach energy (EU), and Tauc parameter (B1/2)], optical/dielectric properties (frequency-dependent dielectric constant), and electrical transport properties (resistivity and leakage current) through the analysis of a large series of a-BxC:Hy thin films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from ortho-carborane. The resulting films exhibit a wide range of properties including H concentration from 10% to 45%, density from 0.9 to 2.3 g/cm3, Young's modulus from 10 to 340 GPa, band gap from 1.7 to 3.8 eV, Urbach energy from 0.1 to 0.7 eV, dielectric constant from 3.1 to 7.6, and electrical resistivity from 1010 to 1015 Ω cm. Hydrogen concentration is found to correlate directly with thin-film density, and both are used to map and explain the other material properties. Hardness and Young's modulus exhibit a direct power law relationship with density above ∼1.3 g/cm3 (or below ∼35% H), below which they plateau, providing evidence for a rigidity percolation threshold. An increase in band gap and decrease in dielectric constant with increasing H concentration are explained by a decrease in network connectivity as well as mass/electron density. An increase in disorder, as measured by the parameters EU and B1/2, with increasing H concentration is explained by the release of strain in the network and associated decrease in structural disorder. All of these correlations in a-BxC:Hy are found to be very similar to those observed in amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H), which suggests parallels between the influence of hydrogenation on their material properties and possible avenues for optimization. Finally, an increase in electrical resistivity with increasing H at &lt;35 at. % H concentration is explained, not by disorder as in a-Si:H, but rather by a lower rate of hopping associated with a lower density of sites, assuming a variable range hopping mechanism interpreted in the framework of percolation theory.
RUNX inhibitor suppresses graft‐versus‐host disease through targeting <i>RUNX‐NFATC2</i> axis (2021)

Patients with refractory graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have a dismal prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are still needed to be identified. Runt-related transcriptional factor (RUNX) family transcription factors are essential transcription factors that mediate the essential roles in effector T cells. However, whether RUNX targeting can suppress, and GVHD is yet unknown. Here, we showed that RUNX family members have a redundant role in directly transactivating <i>NFATC2</i> expression in T cells. We also found that our novel RUNX inhibitor, Chb-M', which is the inhibitor that switches off the entire RUNX family by alkylating agent-conjugated pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides, inhibited T-cell receptor mediated T cell proliferation and allogenic T cell response. These were designed to specifically bind to consensus RUNX-binding sequences (TGTGGT). Chb-M' also suppressed the expression of <i>NFATC2</i> and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in vitro. Using xenogeneic GVHD model, mice injected by Chb-M' showed almost no sign of GVHD. Especially, the CD4 T cell was decreased and GVHD-associated cytokines including tissue necrosis factor-α and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were reduced in the peripheral blood of Chb-M' injected mice. Taken together, our data demonstrates that RUNX family transcriptionally upregulates <i>NFATC2</i> in T cells, and <i>RUNX-NFATC2</i> axis can be a novel therapeutic target against GVHD.
Characteristics of Y-junction laser arrays (1987)

Y -junction laser arrays, grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, have been shown to couple effectively the adjacent emitters inphase. The inphase radiation pattern emits symmetrical to the normal of the cleaved facet, and the number of radiating lobes is determined by the emitter width and separation. The index guided arrays of emitters have been fabricated using both buried heterostructure waveguides and inverted channeled substrate planar waveguides. These guiding structures minimize the evanescent coupling between the guides, which would normally tend to enhance the out-of-phase radiation mode. Stable far-field patterns characteristic of the inphase mode were observed up to 400 mW. In this case the radiation pattern contained three lobes. By flaring the waveguides prior to the facet the near-field fill factor was increased to >80% resulting in near-single-lobe emission. Theoretical analysis of the Y -junction array indicates that the lowest-order spatial mode is dominant and that the near-field radiation pattern is nearly uniform with only the outermost stripes decreased in intensity by ½. The uniform near field uses the injected charges more efficiently than an evanescently coupled array. Thus the modal discrimination is greater even at the higher-power levels.
Efficient and effective link analysis with precomputed salsa maps (2008)

SALSA is a link-based ranking algorithm that takes the result set of a query as input, extends the set to include additional neighboring documents in the web graph, and performs a random walk on the induced subgraph. The stationary probability distribution of this random walk, used as a relevance score, is significantly more effective for ranking purposes than popular query-independent link-based ranking algorithms such as PageRank. Unfortunately, this requires significant effort at query-time, to access the link graph and compute the stationary probability distribution. In this paper, we explore whether it is possible to perform most of the computation off-line, prior to the arrival of any queries. The off-line phase of our approach computes a "score map" for each node in the web graph by performing a SALSA-like algorithm on the neighborhood of that node and retaining the scores of the most promising nodes in the neighborhood graph. The on-line phase takes the results to a query, retrieves the score map of each result, and returns for each result a score that is the sum of the matching scores from each score map. We evaluated this algorithm on a collection of about 28,000 queries with partially labeled results, and found that it is significantly more effective than PageRank, although not quite as effective as SALSA. We also studied the trade-off between ranking effectiveness and space requirements.
Improvement of Red Blood Cell Maturation <i>In Vitro</i> by Serum-Free Medium Optimization (2019)

Despite recent studies on media additives, the low viability and dysplastic features of terminally mature erythroid cells are still major problems in enhancing erythroid cell yields <i>in vitro</i>. Moreover, research on enhancing terminal erythropoiesis has been focused on the immature stage of erythroid cells such as burst forming unit-erythroid and colony forming unit-erythroid. Here, we tested many commercially available serum-free culture media and developed a superior culture media formulation compared with the conventional control for higher expansion-fold, higher viability, and therefore enhanced red cell productivity. The addition of the specific medium to the previously known best media at a specific ratio, whose effects were not dose-dependent, enabled the generation of significantly higher erythrocyte products with over 1.3 million-fold proliferation of erythroid cells after maintenance for 21 days throughout the maturation stages from CD34+ cells. The cells cultured in this condition expressed maturation markers and were significantly superior in differentiation and enucleation. Comparative mRNA profiling revealed that erythroid cells in this medium showed more efficient maturation in mRNA levels. The cultured cells showed comparable erythroblast survival and also restored better red blood cell (RBC) functions of oxygen saturation profile with expression of adult globin up to 99%. However, to develop chemically defined media, the well-known supplements including hormones, cytokines, and serum-replacement reagents were not sufficient to replace the optimized media in producing mature RBCs. Taken together, our optimized medium formulation under serum-free culture conditions produced the best reproducible results on productivity and maturation in erythroid cells with economic benefits. These culture conditions may thus serve as a useful platform for further investigation of <i>in vitro</i> erythropoiesis and to develop defined serum-free media for clinical trials.
Custom Factor Attribution (2008)

Portfolio analysts often use one set of decision variables for attributing portfolio returns and a different set for attributing risk. This practice obscures the relationship between the sources of risk and return. This article demonstrates how to align the attribution model with the investment process. The attribution methodology can be applied ex ante or ex post. A factor-based investment process illustrates the general framework. Specifically, active return, tracking error, and the information ratio are attributed to a user-defined set of factors that reflect the manager's investment decision-making process. A concrete example with actual market data, a style portfolio, and a parsimonious set of custom factors illustrates how to apply the analysis.
Thiol-based inhibitors of mammalian collagenase. Substituted amide and peptide derivatives of the leucine analogue, 2-[(R,S)-mercaptomethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid. (1990)

To define the inhibitory requirements of mammalian collagenase, several N-substituted amide and peptide derivatives of the mercaptomethyl analogue of leucine, 2-[(R,S)mercaptomethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid (H psi[SCH2]-DL-leucine), were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of pig synovial collagenase with soluble type I collagen as substrate. H psi[SCH2]-DL-leucine (IC50 = 320 microM) was about 10 times more potent than the beta-mercaptomethyl compound, N-acetylcysteine. The amide of H psi[SCH2]-DL-leucine was six times more potent than the parent thiol acid. Aliphatic N-substituted amides were less potent than the unsubstituted amide, whereas the N-benzyl amide was slightly more potent. Dipeptides, particularly those with an aromatic group at P2', were up to 20-fold more potent, while tripeptides with an aromatic L-amino acid at P2' and Ala-NH2 at P3' were up to 2200 times more potent than H psi[SCH2]-DL-leucine. The resolved diastereomers of H psi[SCH2]-DL-Leu-Phe-Ala-NH2 inhibited by 50% at 0.3 and 0.04 microM, respectively. The most potent inhibitor synthesized, an isomer of H psi[SCH2]-DL-Leu-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-Ala-NH2, exhibited an IC50 of 0.014 microM, a value about 300 times less than similar thiol-based analogues of the P'-cleavage sequence of type I collagen, H psi[SCH2]-DL-Leu-Ala-Gly-Gln-. These structure-function studies establish within the present series of compounds that the most effective inhibitors of mammalian collagenase are not closely related to the P2'-P3' elements of the cleavage site of the natural substrate but rather have an aromatic group at the P2' position and Ala-NH2 at the P3' position.
A novel wavelength assignment algorithm for 4-fiber WDM self-healing rings (2002)

This work proposes algorithms to achieve full mesh connectivity in 4-fiber WDM self-healing rings (SHRs). The number of wavelengths required is calculated for both odd and even number of nodes on the ring and an optimal wavelength assignment algorithm is presented. This algorithm uses a simple matrix approach for calculating the wavelength assignment between nodes on the ring so as to achieve full mesh connectivity while avoiding any possible violation of the color clash constraint.
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (2004)

The ongoing debate concerning the ethics of human embryonic stem cells has brought to light the clinical potential of stem cell-based therapies for treating various human afflictions, ranging from cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and diabetes. Although the future of stem cell research holds much promise, tissue bioengineering utilizing embryonic stem cell technology is still at an early stage of development (1–3). The routine use of postnatal stem cells in clinical applications has been successfully demonstrated in certain circumstances, such as the rescue of hematopoietic bone marrow using mobilized peripheral blood stem cells in cancer patients (4, 5). These results have fueled investigations into the potential of other stem cell populations found to exist in a wider range of adult tissues than originally anticipated. One important development to emerge from these studies is the concept of plasticity,the ability of stem cell populations to develop into multiple cell lineages from diverse tissues, therefore greatly expanding the potential of stem cells beyond the constraints of their tissue of origin. In this chapter, we describe the stem cell-like qualities of putative postnatal dental pulp stem cells and speculate on the future clinical benefits that may arise from their further characterization.
Table detection in online ink notes (2006)

In documents, tables are important structured objects that present statistical and relational information. In this paper, we present a robust system which is capable of detecting tables from free style online ink notes and extracting their structure so that they can be further edited in multiple ways. First, the primative structure of tables, i.e., candidates for ruling lines and table bounding boxes, are detected among drawing strokes. Second, the logical structure of tables is determined by normalizing the table skeletons, identifying the skeleton structure, and extracting the cell contents. The detection process is similar to a decision tree so that invalid candidates can be ruled out quickly. Experimental results suggest that our system is robust and accurate in dealing with tables having complex structure or drawn under complex situations.
Silicon Microchannel Cooling for High Power Chips (2006)

In this work, single-phase Si microchannel coolers have been designed and characterized for cooling very high power density chips in single-chip modules (SCMs) in a laboratory environment. The average heat transfer coefficient was determined for a wide range of microchannel designs. Through the use of multiple heat exchanger zones and optimized cooler fin design, an average unit thermal resistance of 16.2°C·mm2/W between the chip surface and the inlet cooling water was demonstrated for an Si microchannel cooler attached to a chip with Ag epoxy in an SCM. Very good uniformity from SCM to SCM (±2%) and within an SCM (±5%) was achieved. Further, cooling of a thermal test chip with a microchannel cooler bonded to it and packaged in an SCM was also demonstrated for a chip power density greater than 400 W/cm2. Coolers of this design should be able to cool chips with average power densities of 500 W/cm2 or more.
A Shared Method of Metal Object Detection and Living Object Detection Based on the Quality Factor of Detection Coils for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging (2023)

High power alternating magnetic fields can cause lesions and pathological changes in living object bodies entering the wireless charging area. Also, as for metal objects, the eddy effect can cause the security risks such as fire and ignition hazards. Hence, metal object detection (MOD) and living object detection (LOD) are the necessary functions for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. A shared method of MOD and LOD based on the quality factor of detection coils for electric vehicle wireless charging was proposed in this paper to realize the dual functions by the same detection coil array. Firstly, the effect of metal objects and living objects on the detection coil quality factor was analyzed in detail. Secondly, a method of real-time calculation of quality factor was proposed to detect whether the foreign object exists. Then, a distinction algorithm based on the phase variation trend of resonant capacitor voltage was designed to classify the type of foreign objects. Finally, a 3.3 kW experimental prototype, including a foreign object detection (FOD) system, was established to verify the validity. The advantage of the quality factor as the core indicator for FOD was analyzed in detail. Under the condition of an iron wafer, aluminum wafer, and beef chunk placed on the detection coil, the quality factor calculation results of the detection coil in contrast to those without foreign objects decreased by 80.8%, 50.5%, and 69.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the phase difference of the excitation relative to the resonant capacitor voltage changed -61.3°, -74.6°, and 49.4°, respectively.
Diametral tensile strength and compressive strength of a calcium phosphate cement: Effect of applied pressure (2000)

The diametral tensile strength (DTS) and compressive strength (CS) of a calcium phosphate cement comprised of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous were studied. Cement powder and water were mixed at a powder/liquid ratio of 4.0. The resulting cement pastes were placed in molds and a pressure ranging from 0-2.8 MPa was applied for various lengths of time (0.5-24 h). DTS and CS measurements were conducted on 24-h wet samples. The strength was found to be significantly (p<0.05) affected by the pressure but not by the time. Samples prepared under a pressure of 0.7 MPa had a mean DTS value of 10.8+/-1.0 MPa (n = 5), which is comparable to the values reported in the literature for the same cement prepared under similar conditions. In contrast, the mean CS value obtained in the present study, 66.1+/-5.0 MPa (n = 5), was significantly higher than the value (51+/-4.5 MPa) previously reported. The higher CS may be attributed to an improved mold design that may reduce sample damage during demolding, and to the use of a loading device that applied a constant pressure to the sample during setting. The average standard deviation of the mean for the 19 DTS sample groups (n = 5 in each group) was 1.1 MPa, corresponding to 9.6% of the mean DTS value. The average standard deviation of the 7 CS sample groups (n = 5 in each group) was 4.5 MPa, corresponding to 7.1% of the mean CS value. Published 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.