gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated publication 17.1% efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>‐based thin‐film solar cell (1995)

Abstract We report a world‐record, total‐area efficiency of 17.1% for a polycrystalline thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 ‐based photovoltaic solar cell. the incorporation of Ga to raise the absorber bandgap has been accomplished successfully and in such a manner that an open‐circuit voltage of 654 mV and a fill factor of greater than 77% have been achieved. We describe briefly the deposition process, the device structure, and the device performance characteristics.
Compressive Acquisition of Dynamic Scenes (2012)

Compressive sensing (CS) is a new approach for the acquisition and recovery of sparse signals and images that enables sampling rates significantly below the classical Nyquist rate. Despite significant progress in the theory and methods of CS, little headway has been made in compressive video acquisition and recovery. Video CS is complicated by the ephemeral nature of dynamic events, which makes direct extensions of standard CS imaging architectures and signal models difficult. In this paper, we develop a new framework for video CS for dynamic textured scenes that models the evolution of the scene as a linear dynamical system (LDS). This reduces the video recovery problem to first estimating the model parameters of the LDS from compressive measurements, and then reconstructing the image frames. We exploit the low-dimensional dynamic parameters (the state sequence) and high-dimensional static parameters (the observation matrix) of the LDS to devise a novel compressive measurement strategy that measures only the dynamic part of the scene at each instant and accumulates measurements over time to estimate the static parameters. This enables us to lower the compressive measurement rate considerably. We validate our approach with a range of experiments involving both video recovery, sensing hyper-spectral data, and classification of dynamic scenes from compressive data. Together, these applications demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Functional expression of the capsule polymerase of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X: A new perspective for vaccine development (2013)

Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis. A key feature in pathogenicity is the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that prevents complement activation and thus supports bacterial survival in the host. Twelve serogroups characterized by immunologically and structurally different CPSs have been identified. Meningococcal CPSs elicit bactericidal antibodies and consequently are used for the development of vaccines. Vaccination against the epidemiologically most relevant serogroups was initially carried out with purified CPS and later followed by conjugate vaccines which consist of CPS covalently linked to a carrier protein. Of increasing importance in the African meningitis belt is NmX for which no vaccine is currently available. Here, we describe the molecular cloning, recombinant expression and purification of the capsule polymerase (CP) of NmX called CsxA. The protein expressed with N- and/or C-terminal epitope tags was soluble and could be purified to near homogeneity. With short oligosaccharide primers derived from the NmX capsular polysaccharide (CPSX), recombinant CsxA produced long polymer chains in vitro that in immunoblots were detected with NmX-specific antibodies. Moreover, the chemical identity of in vitro produced NmX polysaccharides was confirmed by NMR. Besides the demonstration that the previously identified gene csxA encodes the NmX CP CsxA, the data presented in this study pave the way for the use of the recombinant CP as a safe and economic way to generate the CPSX in vaccine developmental programs.
Heat Pipe Augmented Solar Heating System (2010)

The focus of this project is on simulation and testing of a novel passive solar heating system that utilizes the one-way heat transfer of heat pipes to significantly improve heating performance relative to conventional passive solar systems. A set of programmed thermal networks were used to simulate the performance of several conventional passive solar heating systems, including direct gain, concrete wall indirect gain and water wall indirect gain, and the heat pipe system. Simulations performed for four US locations representing a range of winter temperatures and available insolation exhibited higher performance for the heat pipe system, particularly in cold climates with low insolation. A small-scale laboratory model was constructed and tested under controlled conditions to confirm simulated system component performance and to test a range of component variations. Measured system efficiency was 85.1 ± 0.72%. A full-scale prototype was constructed, installed and instrumented. Results from a 21-day period in April show a prototype thermal efficiency range from 60–75% and an average of 66.2%; and a 30-day period in October and November ranges from 60–85% with an average of 73.9%. An opaque cover over the prototype, periodically installed to minimize unwanted gains during the cooling season, reduced overall gains by an average of 75%.
Scalable and Efficient End-to-End Network Topology Inference (2008)

We consider using tools like traceroute to infer the underlay topology among a group of hosts. Traditional Max-Delta inference relies on a central server and is not scalable. In this paper, we investigate a distributed inference scheme to support scalable inference. In our scheme, each host joins an overlay tree before conducting traceroute. A host then independently selects paths to traceroute and exchanges traceroute results with others through the overlay tree. As a result, each host can maintain a partially discovered topology. Furthermore, we propose several techniques to reduce the measurement cost, including (a) integrating the Doubletree algorithm to reduce measurement redundancy; (b) setting up a lookup table for routers to reduce traceroute size, and (c) conducting topology abstraction and reducing the computing frequency to reduce computational overhead. In our scheme, the computation loads for target selection are distributed to all the hosts instead of a single server, and the consumption of edge bandwidth at a host is hence limited. We have done simulations on Internet-like topologies and conducted measurements on PlanetLab. The results show that the constructed tree has a low diameter. Furthermore, the proposed improvements can efficiently reduce measurement redundancy, computational overhead and bandwidth consumption.
Block-Based Major Color Method for Foreground Object Detection on Embedded SoC Platforms (2012)

Background modeling and foreground object detection are crucial techniques for embedded image surveillance systems. The most popular and accurate methods are mostly pixel based, taking up more memory and requiring longer execution times. Thus, these techniques are not suitable for embedded platforms. This paper presents a block-based major color background modeling and a foreground detection algorithm that possesses efficient processing and low memory requirement in a complex scene, making them feasible for embedded platforms. Our proposed approach consumes 37% less memory and increases accuracy by at least 2% compared to existing methods. Last, implementing the object detection algorithm on the VIA VB8001 platform, we can achieve 22 frames per second for the benchmark video with image size 768 576.
Oblivious Parallel RAM. (2014)

A machine is said to be oblivious if the sequences of memory accesses made by the machine for two inputs with the same running time are identically (or close to identically) distributed. Oblivious RAM (ORAM) compilers|compilers that turn any RAM program into a oblivious RAM 0 , while only incurring a \small, polylogarithmic, slow-down|have been extensively studied since the work of Goldreich and Ostrovsky [GO96] and have numerous fundamental applications. These compilers, however, do not leverage parallelism: even if can be heavily parallelized, 0 will be inherently sequential. In this work, we present the rst Oblivious Parallel RAM (OPRAM) compiler, which compiles any PRAM into an oblivious PRAM while only incurring a polylogarithmic slowdown.
Active multistatic track initiation cued by passive acoustic detection (2012)

Fields of distributed passive and multistatic active sonar sensors provide surveillance capabilities against quiet submarine threats in Anti-Submarine Warfare scenarios. The joint cooperative use of passive and active sonar offers synergistic and complimentary acoustic performance as well as operational advantages. However, a significant challenge of heterogeneous, multi-sensor systems is the successful fusion of information from the various sensors to enable robust target detection, classification, localization, and tracking. This paper describes a fusion algorithm which is based on a passive acoustic detection cue that triggers a multistatic active sonar system. It provides the capability to reduce false track rate by selectively initiating active tracks via a passive cue. The algorithm is developed for the case of fixed passive arrays, which are unable to determine target range. However, the passive system may automatically detect Closest-Point-of-Approach (CPA) events and forward these as cues to the active system for multistatic active track initiation. The passive range and bearing ambiguities, time-of-CPA and speed-to-range ratio as provided by CPA detections are then mapped into a set of hypotheses in a 4-dimensional Cartesian space (x and y positions and velocities) via a Gaussian Mixture representation for active track initiation. The highly probable target state hypothesis is identified within a multi-bank multistatic tracker. The paper describes the algorithm and presents results on a simulated passive-active dataset. It demonstrates the effective “hand off” of the cue, target localization, tracking and false alarm reduction.
Combining Parametric And Waveform-Matching Coders For Low Bit-Rate Speech Coding (2000)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
A Machine Learning Approach to Ranging Error Mitigation for UWB Localization (2012)

Location-awareness is becoming increasingly important in wireless networks. Indoor localization can be enabled through wideband or ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) transmission, due to its fine delay resolution and obstacle-penetration capabilities. A major hurdle is the presence of obstacles that block the line-of-sight (LOS) path between devices, affecting ranging performance and, in turn, localization accuracy. Many techniques have been proposed to address this issue, most of which make modifications to the localization algorithm. Since many localization algorithms work with distance or angle estimates, rather than received waveforms, information inherent in the wideband waveform is lost, leading to sub-optimal ranging error mitigation. To avoid this information loss, we present a novel approach to mitigate ranging errors directly in the physical layer. In contrast to existing techniques, which detect the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition, our approach directly mitigates the bias incurred in both LOS and non-LOS conditions. In particular, we apply two classes of non-parametric regressors to form an estimate of the ranging error. Our work is based on, and validated by, an extensive indoor measurement campaign with FCC-compliant UWB radios. The results show that the proposed regressors provide significant performance improvements in various practical localization scenarios, compared to conventional approaches.
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) and mortality in end-stage renal disease (2011)

MIC-1/GDF15 is a novel independent serum marker of mortality in CKD capable of significantly improving the mortality prediction of other established markers. MIC-1/GDF15 may mediate protein-energy wasting in CKD and represent a novel therapeutic target for this fatal complication.
Electrostatic gating of hybrid halide perovskite field-effect transistors: balanced ambipolar transport at room-temperature (2015)

Abstract The hybrid halide perovskites combine the low-cost processing characteristics of organic materials with the performance factors of inorganic compounds. Recently the power conversion efficiencies of perovskite photovoltaic solar cells have reached a respective value of ∼20%. The charge transport properties were indirectly approximated in these compounds because of lack of available field-effect transistors (FETs). Here we report the fabrication and room-temperature operation of FETs based on the hybrid perovskites. We obtained balanced electron and hole transport with mobilities of ∼1 cm 2 /Vs. We also found that the yield, as well as the operational and environmental stability of the fabricated transistors is limited.
Ribbon-type transducer with a multi-layer diaphragm (1986)

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CMSM: an efficient and effective code management for software managed multicores (2013)

As we scale the number of cores in a multicore processor, scaling the memory hierarchy is a major challenge. Software Managed Multicore (SMM) architectures are one of the promising solutions. In an SMM architecture, there are no caches, and each core has only a local scratchpad memory. If all the code and data of the task mapped to a core do not fit on its local scratchpad memory, then explicit code and data management is required. In this paper, we solve the problem of efficiently managing code on an SMM architecture. We extend the state of the art by: i) correctly calculating the code management overhead, ii) even in the presence of branches in the task, and iii) developing a heuristic CMSM (Code Mapping for Software Managed multicores) that results in efficient code management execution on the local scratchpad memory. Our experimental results collected after executing applications from MiBench suite [1] on the Cell SPEs (Cell is an SMM architecture) [2], demonstrate that correct management cost calculation and branch consideration can improve performance by 12%. Our heuristic CMSM can reduce runtime in more than 80% of the cases, and by up to 20% on our set of benchmarks.
Fabrication of NbN/AlN superconducting multilayers (1987)

Multilayers consisting of superconducting niobium nitride alternated with layers of insulating aluminum nitride have been fabricated using dc magnetron reactive sputtering. Under the proper conditions NbN can be produced in a (111) orientation and AlN in a (0001) orientation with an in-plane lattice mismatch of only 0.27%. Proper preparation of the aluminum target was necessary to ensure uniform deposition. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy verify the layered nature of these samples. Transport properties are studied as they relate to the structure of the system.
Error correction on 64/66 bit encoded links (2006)

The IEEE 802.3ae task force adopted a 64b/66b encoding scheme for 10 Gb Ethernet, where each 64-bit word is scrambled using a self-synchronous scrambler with polynomial x58+x39+1. Because of its acceptable run length and low overhead, the 64b/66b encoding is also a candidate encoding scheme for high speed inter-shelf, chip-to-chip, and backplane interconnections. While scrambling facilitates data synchronization, a self-synchronous scrambler has the disadvantage of duplicating errors, i.e. every transmission error results, after descrambling, in two or more additional errors. There is, however, no provision in the IEEE 802.3ae for single or multiple error correction of 64b/66b encoded links. We propose a fast and efficient error-correction scheme that can be used in conjunction with the 64b/66b encoding in products where intra-board or inter-shelf interconnections of high speed elements are required. The proposed algorithm takes into account the duplication of errors through computing the position of such errors, and generating a syndrome table accordingly. The algorithm also accounts for errors which cross the codeword boundaries entering into the next codeword (carry over errors). The proposed algorithm is 64-bit aligned, compatible with the structure of 10 GbE specified in the IEEE 802.3. Moreover, the algorithm is general; it is applicable to M-bit encoded links, where M is any arbitrary number of bits in an encoded codeword, and the self-synchronous scrambler could be of any polynomial. We specify the functional blocks of the algorithm including error control blocks at the transmitter and receiver, the buffer structure to store the code words, the CRC computation algorithm, a syndrome table, and a comparator to compare the calculated syndrome with the syndrome table in order to detect and correct single bit errors. We also perform a simulation with exhaustive test vectors (all possible errors) to demonstrate that the algorithm detects and corrects all single-bit errors on a 64/66 bit encoded links
A practical system for road marking detection and recognition (2012)

We present a system for detecting and recognizing road markings from video input obtained from an in-car camera. Our system learns feature-based templates of road markings from training data and matches these templates to detected features in the test images during runtime. We use MSER features and perform the template matching in an efficient manner so that our system can detect multiple road markings in a single image. Our system also scales well with the number of categories of road markings to be detected. For evaluating our system, we present an extensive dataset (available from www.ananth.in/RoadMarkingDetection.html) of road markings with ground truth labels, which we hope will be useful as a benchmark dataset for future researchers in this area.
Orthogonal spin transfer MRAM (2011)

Spin-Transfer Magnetic Random Access Memory (ST-MRAM) devices hold great promise as a universal memory [Katine 2008]. ST-MRAM is non-volatile, has a small cell size, high endurance and may match the speed of SRAM. A disadvantage of the common collinearly magnetized ST-MRAM is their non-deterministic switching process, which leads to long switching times and broad switching time distributions [Devolder 2008, Koch 2004]. This delay is due to the fact that the torque is zero if the layers are either parallel or antiparallel [Slonczewski 1996] and hence switching cannot be initiated by the torque alone. Typically the process is started by an initial misalignment of the free layer stemming from thermal excitations. Relying on thermal initiation leads to incoherent reversal with an unpredictable incubation delay in the ns range [Devolder 2008] and broad switching time distributions [Koch 2004].
Exploring predictors of HIV-1 virologic failure to long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine: a multivariable analysis (2021)

CVF is an infrequent multifactorial event, with a rate of approximately 1% in the long-acting CAB+RPV arms across Phase 3 studies (FLAIR, ATLAS and ATLAS-2M) through Week 48. Presence of at least two of proviral RPV RAMs, HIV-1 subtype A6/A1 and/or BMI at least 30 kg/m2 was associated with increased CVF risk. These findings support the use of long-acting CAB+RPV in routine clinical practice.
Spreading and Retraction of Spilled Crude Oil on Seawater (2014)

ABSTRACT Oil-spills due to release of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs, and wells, and of other products such as diesel and bunker fuel, if uncontrolled, may have serious and sometimes long term environmental impact. This paper presents a method for reducing the areal coverage of spilled oil at sea or over other aqueous surfaces. The method can be used to contain spilled oil more efficiently during or after placement of booms. The surface tension of seawater causes rapid spreading of spilled oil over large distances. However, spreading of oil can be instantly reversed by reducing the surface tension of the seawater by means of minimal quantities of surfactant. A low concentration of a water-soluble surfactant, such as a non-ionic surfactant with low critical micelle concentration, is recommended for maximum effectiveness for the least amount of surfactant. A controlled amount of the surfactant may be continuously deployed at the inner-wall of the boom. The spilled oil is caused to...
Abstract 3687: A novel computational platform technology (VOLVOX™) for designing anticancer supramolecular therapeutics (2015)

Abstract Current chemotherapy approaches are limited by suboptimal pharmacology. For example, only a fraction of drug administered reaches the tumor. While drug delivery platforms, such as ADCs or nanoparticles, aim to address this limitation by aiming to enhance targeted tumor delivery, these too are limited by drug loading and stability. Here we describe the development of a computational platform technology, VOLVOX, for designing anticancer supramolecular therapeutics. Supramolecular therapeutics evolve as a result of supramolecular assembly of molecular building blocks, thereby altering the PK/PD profile of the building blocks, while increasing drug loading, stability and anti-tumor efficacy. Specifically, VOLVOX envisages interaction of drug candidates with lipid bilayers using molecular simulations, generating information on packing the right excipients in the lipid bilayer. This method is applicable in loading wide range of excipients or drugs having different chemical compositions governed by hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, shape (geometry/symmetry) and size, and in varying concentrations. This method is applicable for particle based simulation technique at different length and time scale (e.g., all atomistic molecular dynamics (MD), Coarse Grained MD, or Mesoscale MD). As proof of this platform technology, we present development of a novel taxane and a PI3K targeting supramolecular therapeutic. Citation Format: Prithvi Raj Pandey, Shiladitya Sengupta, Sudip Roy. A novel computational platform technology (VOLVOX™) for designing anticancer supramolecular therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3687. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3687
Technology for Measuring the Damping Force of Shock Absorbers and the Constant of Coil Springs Mounted on a Motorcycle by the Un-sprung Mass Vibration Method (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Technology for measuring and diagnosing the damping force of motorcycle shock absorbers and determining the constant of coil springs when mounted in-vehicle is difficult. Resultantly, it is clear that only the damping force can be detected by eliminating the spring force effect and the un-sprung mass, when the displacement of the wheel is zero.</div>
Enhancing the Cell Permeability of Stapled Peptides with a Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptide (2019)

Stapled peptides recapitulate the binding affinity and specificity of α-helices in proteins, resist proteolytic degradation, and may provide a novel modality against challenging drug targets such as protein-protein interactions. However, most of the stapled peptides have limited cell permeability or are impermeable to the cell membrane. We show herein that stapled peptides can be rendered highly cell-permeable by conjugating a cyclic cell-penetrating peptide to their N-terminus, C-terminus, or stapling unit. Application of this strategy to two previously reported membrane-impermeable peptidyl inhibitors against the MDM2/p53 and β-catenin/TCF interactions resulted in the generation of potent proof-of-concept antiproliferative agents against key therapeutic targets.