gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P-31 NMR Studies of Equilibria and Ligand Exchange in Triphenylphosphine Rhodium Complex and Related Chelated Bisphosphine Rhodium Complex Hydroformylation Catalyst Systems (1982)

Triphenylphosphine-rhodium complex hydroformylation catalyst systems discovered by Wilkinson and developed by Union Carbide, Davy Powergas, and Johnson Matthey (Ph3P)3Rh(CO)H + nPh3P ⇌ (Ph3P)2Rh(CO)H + (n + l)Ph3P (n = 0 - 140) were studied in toluene solution by P-31 NMR in the + 5°-+105°C temperature range. In general, the equilibria favored the trisphosphine rather than the bisphosphine complex. The dissociation of the tris-tertiary-phosphine-rhodium carbonyl hydride complex to the corresponding trans-bis-tertiary-phosphine-rhodium complex is postulated to provide the active intermediate for the selective terminal hydroformylation of 1-olefins. The tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium carbonyl hydride complex also was used via ligand exchange to obtain known chelate complexes of bisphosphines Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2 and Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2 for similar studies. These stabilized complexes exhibited sharply reduced ligand exchange under comparative conditions.
Fabrication of bulk superconducting ceramics (1988)

Mixtures of ceramic powders and plastics can be formed into a variety of useful shapes, which for superconductors are most commonly tapes or wires. Procedures for processing monolithic ceramic superconductors and composite superconductors are described, and factors limiting the properties of these conductors and possible means of enhancing the properties are discussed. 20 refs., 3 figs.
Asymmetric ridge waveguide radiating element for a scanned planar array (1990)

A novel linear array radiating element for use in a large low-sidelobe, planar slot array electronically scanned in azimuth is described. The planar array consists of many vertical resonant linear array elements; i.e. single ridge waveguides with broadwall shunt slots, closely spaced to avoid array grating lobes when the array is scanned in azimuth. Traditional linear broadwall slot arrays require alternating slot displacement from the waveguide centerline, which generates undesirable secondary beams in skewed directions during electronic scan. To eliminate the secondary beams, a design has been devised in which all slots are exactly collinear and lie on the waveguide centerline. The methods considered to achieve the required waveguide asymmetry, the design procedure used in the successful approach, and the experimental results obtained with a demonstration model are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HLA‐B35‐restricted immune responses against survivin in cancer patients (2004)

Two HLA-A2 restricted epitopes have recently been identified from the broadly expressed tumor antigen survivin, and several vaccination trials in cancer patients based on these survivin-derived peptides have been initiated. Consequently, there is a crucial need for the identification of survivin epitopes restricted to other HLA-molecules in order to extend the proportion of patients that can enter these ongoing clinical trials. In the present study, we characterized 2 survivin-derived epitopes, which are restricted to HLA-B35. Specific T-cell reactivity against these survivin-derived epitopes was found in the peripheral blood from patients with different B-cell malignancies and melanoma. Substitution of the C-terminal anchor residue of the survivin-derived peptides improved the recognition by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from melanoma patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated spontaneous cytotoxic T-cell responses to survivin in a primary melanoma lesion. The characterization of these epitopes allows more patients can be included in the ongoing peptide-based survivin vaccination trials against cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Vegetable‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2015)

Abstract Review: overview of vegetable pigments in dye‐sensitized solar cells, starting from main limitations of cell performance to cost analysis and scaling‐up prospects; 669 refs.
Mechanistic studies and radiofluorination of structurally diverse pharmaceuticals with spirocyclic iodonium(<scp>iii</scp>) ylides (2016)

Synthesis of non-activated electron-rich and sterically hindered <sup>18</sup>F-arenes remains a major challenge due to limitations of existing radiofluorination methodologies. Herein, we report on our mechanistic investigations of spirocyclic iodonium(III) ylide precursors for arene radiofluorination, including their reactivity, selectivity, and stability with no-carrier-added [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoride. Benchmark calculations at the G2[ECP] level indicate that pseudorotation and reductive elimination at iodine(III) can be modeled well by appropriately selected dispersion-corrected density functional methods. Modeling of the reaction pathways show that fluoride-iodonium(III) adduct intermediates are strongly activated and highly regioselective for reductive elimination of the desired [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroarenes (difference in barriers, ΔΔ<i>G</i><sup>‡</sup> > 25 kcal·mol<sup>-1</sup>). The advantage of spirocyclic auxiliaries is further supported by NMR spectroscopy studies, which bolster evidence for underlying decomposition processes which can be overcome for radiofluorination of iodonium(III) precursors. Using a novel adamantyl auxiliary, sterically hindered iodonium ylides have been developed to enable highly efficient radiofluorination of electron-rich arenes, including fragments of pharmaceutically relevant nitrogen-containing heterocycles and tertiary amines. Furthermore, this methodology has been applied for the syntheses of the radiopharmaceuticals 6-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-<i>meta</i>-tyrosine ([<sup>18</sup>F]FMT, 11 ± 1% isolated radiochemical yield, non-decay-corrected (RCY, n.d.c.; <i>n</i> = 3), and <i>meta</i>-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorobenzylguanidine ([<sup>18</sup>F]mFBG, 14 ± 1% isolated RCY, n.d.c., <i>n</i> = 3) which cannot be directly radiolabeled using conventional nucleophilic aromatic substitution with [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoride.
A method to synchronize high-intensity, focused ultrasound with an arbitrary ultrasound imager (2006)

Ultrasound imaging is useful for monitoring high-intensity, focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy; however, interference on the ultrasound image, caused by HIFU excitation, must be avoided. A method to synchronize HIFU excitation with ultrasound imaging is described here. Synchronization was tested with two unmodified, commercial imagers and two tissue phantoms.
Abstract 4689: Anti-proliferative effect and tumor targeting properties of SurVaxM-derived monoclonal antibodies (2017)

Abstract Background: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) which is upregulated in many cancers. SurVaxM (active anti-survivin immunotherapy) is currently being evaluated in a multi-center phase II clinical trial. Circulating anti-survivin antibodies were recently detected in recurrent glioblastoma patients who received SurVaxM immunizations in a previous phase I study. Though primarily functioning as an intracellular molecule, survivin has also been identified in patient serum, and, recently, in tumor-derived exosomes. Methods: Patients in the completed SurVaxM phase I clinical trial produced both antibody and CD8+ T cell responses against survivin. In order to gauge whether antibodies to the vaccine provided any therapeutic benefit, or might serve as potential biomarkers for SurVaxM responsiveness, we tested these antibodies in pre-clinical tumor models. Murine hybridomas derived from the SurVaxM peptide were established and purified yielding several high-affinity IgG antibodies. These antibodies were characterized for target recognition and therapeutic potential. Results: Two of the clones with the highest affinities, 2C2 (IgG2a) and H30 (IgG1), recognized both SurVaxM peptide and the wild type survivin counterpart (ELISA assay), as well as endogenous, full-length survivin (western blotting). Survivin was detected on cells with these antibodies using both immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Following s.c. implantation of glioblastoma (GL261) and melanoma (B16) tumors in immuno-competent C57BL/6 mice, administration of 2C2 and H30 antibodies (i.p. injection) reduced tumor growth in both models compared to an irrelevant IgG. An orthotopic intracranial glioma study showed similar anti-tumor effects when treated with SurVaxM-derived antibodies. Tumor growth was also inhibited in immuno-compromised (nude) animals treated with 2C2 or H30 antibodies, although to a lesser extent. Conclusions: Antibodies generated in response to the SurVaxM vaccination are highly cross-reactive to survivin and provide therapeutic benefit in immuno-competent mouse tumor models. These antibodies retain some efficacy in immuno-compromised models, indicative of a direct T-cell independent effect. An anti-tumor response through anti-survivin targeted antibodies is unexpected as surface-accessible survivin expression has not yet been well described in the literature. Data presented here highlight possible avenues for investigation of mechanism(s) of action. Citation Format: Michael J. Ciesielski, Sheila Figel, Laura Wiltsie, Phillip Galbo, Cheryl Frank, Robert A. Fenstermaker. Anti-proliferative effect and tumor targeting properties of SurVaxM-derived monoclonal antibodies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4689. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4689
Dispersion relation for a three-dimensional lamellar grating (2011)

A few years ago, Andrews and Brau (AB) presented the dispersion relation for a lamellar grating in two dimensions (2D) as a step in understanding coherent Smith-Purcell radiation. This involved solving Maxwell's equations both in the grooves and in the region above the grooves, where Floquet theory was used. The coupling with an electron beam was studied, and an expression for the gain as a function of current was derived. Their approach has been supported by 2D simulations using particle-in-cell (PIC) codes, and more recently by a demonstration experiment that used a wide grating. We present here the dispersion relation (in the absence of beam) of a grating in three dimensions, which turns out to be a relatively straightforward extension of the AB results. The predictions of this theory are compared with PIC simulations, and also with measurements of the transmission coefficient as a function of frequency. Extremely good agreement is observed.
Noncatalytic Direct Liquefaction of Biorefinery Lignin by Ethanol (2017)

There is a growing interest in lignin valorization to biofuels and chemicals. Here, we propose a novel and simple noncatalytic process to directly liquefy lignin rich solid residual from second generation bioethanol production by solvolysis with ethanol. Through an extensive parameter study in batch autoclaves assessing the effects of varying reaction temperature, reaction time, and solvent:lignin ratio, it is shown that hydrothermally pretreated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin solvolysis in supercritical ethanol can produce a heptane soluble bio-oil without the need for exhaustive deoxygenation. The process does not require addition of catalyst or a reducing agent such as hydrogen. The process is advantageously carried out with a low reaction period (<1 h) and with a reduced amount of solvent to lignin feedstock (ethanol:lignin (w/w) ratio of 2:1) which is a previously unexplored domain for lignin solvolysis. The resulting bio-oil product is mainly a mixture of di- and monomeric lignin species where the original lignin unit linkages have been broken. The oxygen content is lowered to <10 wt % (corresponding to an HHV of 36 MJ/kg) and the bio-oil is stable and acid free (verified by NMR), and due to the use of sulfur free lignin rich residual as feedstock, the resulting oil product is equally sulfur free. The residual solid product (char) has a reduced oxygen content relative to the lignin feed and equally increased higher heating value, making it a candidate for use as a biochar.
Efficient transcranial ultrasound delivery via excitation of lamb waves: Concept and preliminary results (2017)

Transcranial focused ultrasound is approved for non-invasive treatment of essential tremor, and is being researched as a noninvasive means of ablating brain tumors, neuromodulation, and of increasing delivery of cancer therapeutics through the blood-brain barrier. Present technology relies on the use of an array of transducers placed in a helmet and aimed at the skull at normal incidence, leading to inefficient transmission, excess heating of the skull, and limited treatment envelope to the center of the brain. We propose an array of ultrasound wedge transducers capable of efficiently delivering focused ultrasound energy into the brain with minimal heating of the skull and expanding the treatment envelope to include the entire brain.
Modelocked external cavity semiconductor laser for applications in photonic arbitrary waveform generation and photonic synthesis (2003)

Summary form only given. A photonic arbitrary waveform generator (PAWG)/photonic synthesizer can be used for a broad range of functions in optical analog and digital communications, direct detection and coherent detection architectures, and RF/microwave applications. Building on our development of low-jitter modelocked semiconductor lasers, we propose a PAWG architecture that produces 1) short, low jitter optical pulses for OTDM applications, 2) coherent combs of phase locked optical carriers for dense WDM applications, 3) low noise RF/microwave clock signals, and 4) sinusoidal and pulsed intensity modulations on optical carriers with 75 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth (limited by the WDM filter bandwidth), using low RF drive signals. The novelty here is the use of a WDM filter to separate the individual longitudinal modes (as many as filter channels) of a modelocked laser. The benefit of the present approach is the potential for photonic arbitrary waveform generation through modulation of individual channels before recombining them.
High-order and tunable balanced bandpass filters using mixed technology resonators (2021)

Abstract This paper reports on high-order balanced bandpass filters (BPFs) that are continuously tunable in terms of frequency and bandwidth and can be intrinsically switched-off. They use a hybrid integration scheme based on two different types of capacitively loaded resonators—ceramic coaxial and microstrip—that reduce the filter size, enhance its out-of-band selectivity and common-mode suppression, and allow for multiple levels of transfer function tuning. High selectivity is obtained in the differential mode due to the high number of poles and transmission zeros present. The common mode is highly suppressed through the introduction of additional transmission zeros and resistively loaded resonators. Furthermore, the use of ceramic coaxial resonators results in supplementary transmission zeros that are used to lower the out-of-band transmission in the differential mode. Multiple levels of tuning are obtained by reconfiguring only the frequency of the BPF's resonators. For experimental validation, a tunable mixed-technology microstrip prototype was manufactured and measured at S-band. It exhibited frequency tuning between 2.22 and 2.94 GHz, bandwidth tuning between 104 and 268 MHz, and an intrinsically switched-off mode with isolation >50 dB in the differential mode. For all states, the common mode was suppressed by at least 35 dB at the center frequency and within a wide range.
Detecting evasion attacks at high speeds without reassembly (2006)

Ptacek and Newsham [14] showed how to evade signature detection at Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) using TCP and IP Fragmentation. These attacks are implemented in tools like FragRoute, and are institutionalized in IPS product tests. The classic defense is for the IPS to reassemble TCP and IP packets,and to consistently normalize the output stream. Current IPS standards require keeping state for 1 million connections. Both the state and processing requirements of reassembly and normalization are barriers to scalability for an IPS at speeds higher than 10 Gbps.In this paper, we suggest breaking with this paradigm using an approach we call Split-Detect. We focus on the simplest form of signature, an exact string match, and start by splitting the signature into pieces. By doing so the attacker is either forced to include at least one piece completely in a packet, or to display potentially abnormal behavior (e.g., several small TCP fragments or out-of-order packets) that cause the attacker's flow to be diverted to a slow path. We prove that under certain assumptions this scheme can detect all byte-string evasions. We also show using real traces that the processing and storage requirements of this scheme can be 10% of that required by a conventional IPS, allowing reasonable cost implementations at 20 Gbps. While the changes required by Split-Detect may be a barrier to adoption, this paper exposes the assumptions that must be changed to avoid normalization and reassembly in the fast path.
Discovery of Novel Trisubstituted Asymmetric Derivatives of (2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-2-benzhydryl-5-benzylaminotetrahydropyran-4-ol, Exhibiting High Affinity for Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporters in a Stereospecific Manner (2005)

In our structure-activity relationship study on 3,6-disubstituted pyran derivatives, we have carried out asymmetric synthesis and biological characterization of trisubstituted (2S,4R,5R)-2-benzhydryl-5-benzylaminotetrahydropyran-4-ol and (3S,4R,6S)-6-benzhydryl-4-benzylaminotetrahydropyran-3-ol derivatives and their enantiomers. All synthesized derivatives were tested for their affinities for the dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the brain by measuring their potency in inhibiting the uptake of [(3)H]DA, [(3)H]-5-HT, and [(3)H]NE, respectively. Compounds were also tested for their binding affinity at the DAT by their inhibition of [(3)H]WIN 35,428. Biological results indicated that regioselectivity and stereoselectivity played important roles in determining activity for monoamine transporters as only (-)-isomers of 2-benzhydryl-5-benzylaminotetrahydropyran-4-ol derivatives exhibited appreciable potency for the monoamine transporters, in particular for the SERT and NET. Among the active analogues, (-)-9d exhibited potent and selective affinity at the NET (K(i), [(3)H]NE = 4.92 nM; DAT/NET = 91 and SERT/NET = 140). One of the derivatives with p-methoxybenzyl substitution, (-)-9a, was potent at both SERT and NET (K(i), [(3)H]-5-HT = 25.9 and [(3)H]NE = 15.8 nM, respectively). In the active analogue series ((-)-9a-(-)-9e), a cis-relationship between the biphenyl and the amino moiety was maintained for the SERT and NET interactions, as was observed with our earlier 3,6-disubstituted pyran compounds for the DAT interaction. To the best of our knowledge, this current series of compounds represents a novel class of pyran derivatives as blockers for monoamine transporters.
Observation of Exceptional Points in Passive Plasmonic Nanostructure (2019)

We propose a passive plasmonic nanostructures operating at an exceptional point (EP), which get enhanced sensitivity with small external perturbation. EP plasmonic sensor will pave the way to highly sensitive plasmonic devices.
Notice of Removal: Integration of percutaneous cardiac catheter for HIFU ablation and image guidance (2017)

Removed.
High-efficiency deep-red laser pumped by doubled Nd:YAG* (1982)

Frequency shifting of doubled Nd:YAG laser radiation to 750 and 850 nm in holmium- and erbium-doped lithium yttrium fluoride (YLF) is reported. By resonantly pumping laser transitions in the solid medium, conversion efficiencies of up to 39 percent have been demonstrated and an average power loading of 80 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> has been sustained in uncooled operation. This approach provides multicolor capabilities to doubled Nd:YAG lasers, using stable crystalline media.
Factors in reactor design for carbon dioxide capture with solid, regenerable sorbents (2008)

Fossil-fuel burning power plants, which produce a substantial amount of electric power within the United States, are point sources that can emit significant quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2). In a carbon sequestration scenario, the CO2 must first be captured from the point source, or flue gas, and then be permanently stored. Since the capture/separation step dominates the cost of sequestration, various capture/separation technologies are being investigated, and regenerable, solid sorbents are the basis for one promising technique for capturing CO2 from flue gas. The solid sorbent must be able to absorb the CO2 in the first step and then be regenerated by releasing the CO2 in the second step. Due to the low operating pressure of a conventional pulverized coal-fired combustor and its subsequent low partial pressure of CO2, it is envisioned that temperature swing absorption is applicable to the sorbent capture technology. Various CO2 capture sorbents are being examined in this research area, for example physical adsorbents as well as chemical absorbents. However, with respect to process development, various reactor configurations are presently being considered. The reactor designs range from stationary beds of sorbent to those systems where the sorbent is transported between the absorber and regenerator. Emphasis ismore » placed on design implications of employing a regenerable solid sorbent system. Key sorbent parameters required for the sorbents have been identified, including the heat of adsorption, heat capacity of the solid, delta CO2 loading between the absorption and regeneration steps, and any role co-sorption of competitive gases, such as moisture, may play. Other sorbent properties, such as the effect of acid gases within the flue gas or the attrition of the sorbent, must be considered in the reactor design. These factors all impact the reactor design for a particular type of sorbent. For a generic sorbent, reactor designs have been formulated, including a stationary, isothermal reactor, a fluidized bed, and a moving bed. Through calculations, benefits and disadvantages of the designs have been outlined. The implication of the sorbent properties (and thus desired experimental information) on sorbent reactor design are described, and recommendations for operation of these types of capture systems are discussed.« less
Partial grooving in vertical Bloch line memory (1992)

Partially grooved regions in magnetic garnets, used to stabilize minor-loop stripe domains in vertical Bloch line memories have been investigated using arrays of grooves in garnets with a zero-field stripe-width of 2.36 mu m and thickness of 2.26 mu m. Rectangular grooved regions were used to confine the minor loop stripes, using a groove depth of 10% and groove widths of 1.5 mu m and 2.00 mu m. Major line regions were defined by two successive 10% grooving steps. Bias field margins were measured experimentally and computed using a two-dimensional, magnetic-domain computer simulation. The computed margins were shown to be in quantitative agreement with experimentally measured bias field margins. Interpretation of the simulations and the experimental data in these samples indicates that magnetostatic effects dominate magnetostrictive effects in defining bias field stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>