gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions of thiol-containing androgens with human placental aromatase (1989)

A series of thiol androgens were synthesized and investigated to characterize structural features important for the inhibition of aromatase. Analogues of androstenedione with thiol groups in either the 2 alpha-, 10 beta-, or 19-positions caused time-dependent inhibition of human placental aromatase. When their KI and kcat values were compared with those of 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (4-OHa) and 10 beta-propargylestr-4-ene-3,17-dione (PED), the thiol androgen 10 beta-mercaptoestr-4-ene-3,17-dione (10 beta-SHnorA) proved to be the most potent suicide substrate. However, 19-mercaptoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (19-SHA) was the best all-around inhibitor. All compounds except 19-SHA exhibited normal type I P-450 difference spectra with partially purified/solubilized, human placental aromatase. The Ks values for the series of compounds compared qualitatively to the KI values determined from the time and concentration-dependent inhibition experiments. 19-SHA induced split Soret peaks at 380 and 474 nm, which suggested binding of the 19-thiolate directly to the ferric iron of aromatase. This binding could be displaced by aminoglutethimide but not by androstenedione. The inhibitory activity of 19-SHA may be explained by two independent mechanisms: (1) suicide inactivation of aromatase in the ferrous state; and (2) a direct "hyper-type II" binding to the remaining portion of the cytochrome in the ferric state. A free thiol group was necessary for the suicide inhibitory activity of 19-SHA; time-dependent inactivation of aromatase by 19-(acetylthio)androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (19-SAcA) and 19-xanthogenylandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (19-XanA) could be prevented if the microsomes were preincubated with a carboxyesterase inhibitor. Aromatase previously inactivated by either thiol androgens,4-OHA, or PED could not be reactivated after incubation with the disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol, which suggests that a disulfide bond may not be involved in aromatase inactivation by these inhibitors.
Engineering a root‐specific, repressor‐operator gene complex (2005)

Strong, tissue-specific and genetically regulated expression systems are essential tools in plant biotechnology. An expression system tool called a 'repressor-operator gene complex' (ROC) has diverse applications in plant biotechnology fields including phytoremediation, disease resistance, plant nutrition, food safety, and hybrid seed production. To test this concept, we assembled a root-specific ROC using a strategy that could be used to construct almost any gene expression pattern. When a modified E. coli lac repressor with a nuclear localization signal was expressed from a rubisco small subunit expression vector, S1pt::lacIn, LacIn protein was localized to the nuclei of leaf and stem cells, but not to root cells. A LacIn repressible Arabidopsis actin expression vector A2pot was assembled containing upstream bacterial lacO operator sequences, and it was tested for organ and tissue specificity using beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and mercuric ion reductase (merA) gene reporters. Strong GUS enzyme expression was restricted to root tissues of A2pot::GUS/S1pt::lacIn ROC plants, while GUS activity was high in all vegetative tissues of plants lacking the repressor. Repression of shoot GUS expression exceeded 99.9% with no evidence of root repression, among a large percentage of doubly transformed plants. Similarly, MerA was strongly expressed in the roots, but not the shoots of A2pot::merA/S1pt::lacIn plants, while MerA levels remained high in both shoots and roots of plants lacking repressor. Plants with MerA expression restricted to roots were approximately as tolerant to ionic mercury as plants constitutively expressing MerA in roots and shoots. The superiority of this ROC over the previously described root-specific tobacco RB7 promoter is demonstrated.
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Hardware and Neural Architecture Co-Search With Hot Start (2020)

Hardware and neural architecture co-search that automatically generates artificial intelligence (AI) solutions from a given dataset are promising to promote AI democratization; however, the amount of time that is required by current co-search frameworks is in the order of hundreds of GPU hours for one target hardware. This inhibits the use of such frameworks on commodity hardware. The root cause of the low efficiency in existing co-search frameworks is the fact that they start from a “cold” state (i.e., search from scratch). In this article, we propose a novel framework, namely, HotNAS, that starts from a “hot” state based on a set of existing pretrained models (also known as model zoo) to avoid lengthy training time. As such, the search time can be reduced from 200 GPU hours to less than 3 GPU hours. In HotNAS, in addition to hardware design space and neural architecture search space, we further integrate a compression space to conduct model compressing during the co-search, which creates new opportunities to reduce latency, but also brings challenges. One of the key challenges is that all of the above search spaces are coupled with each other, e.g., compression may not work without hardware design support. To tackle this issue, HotNAS builds a chain of tools to design hardware to support compression, based on which a global optimizer is developed to automatically co-search all the involved search spaces. Experiments on ImageNet dataset and Xilinx FPGA show that, within the timing constraint of 5 ms, neural architectures generated by HotNAS can achieve up to 5.79% Top-1 and 3.97% Top-5 accuracy gain, compared with the existing ones.
Method of treatment of a mixture of air and at least partially radioactive rare gases. [Cryogenic distillation] (1977)

The method of treatment of a mixture of air and at least partially radioactive gases such as xenon and krypton in particular, especially gaseous effluents derived from the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuels, comprises a stage of concentration of the rare gases in solution in liquid oxygen by cryogenic distillation of the light gases and especially nitrogen from the liquefied mixture.
Proactive and Nondisruptive Channel Probing for Wavelength Switching in Optical Transmission (2017)

Proactive and nondisruptive channel probing is investigated for the measurement of channel power, amplifier channel gain, and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) without disrupting established wavelength-division multiplexed channels. Using a nondisruptive probe signal over a three-span link, wavelength switching-induced power excursions are predicted to be within ±0.2 dB, and OSNR as high as 20 dB is accurately measured with a maximum of 0.5 dB error.
A knockin mouse model of the Bardet–Biedl syndrome 1 M390R mutation has cilia defects, ventriculomegaly, retinopathy, and obesity (2007)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that results in retinal degeneration, obesity, cognitive impairment, polydactyly, renal abnormalities, and hypogenitalism. Of the 12 known BBS genes, BBS1 is the most commonly mutated, and a single missense mutation (M390R) accounts for approximately 80% of BBS1 cases. To gain insight into the function of BBS1, we generated a Bbs1(M390R/M390R) knockin mouse model. Mice homozygous for the M390R mutation recapitulated aspects of the human phenotype, including retinal degeneration, male infertility, and obesity. The obese mutant mice were hyperphagic and hyperleptinemic and exhibited reduced locomotor activity but no elevation in mean arterial blood pressure. Morphological evaluation of Bbs1 mutant brain neuroanatomy revealed ventriculomegaly of the lateral and third ventricles, thinning of the cerebral cortex, and reduced volume of the corpus striatum and hippocampus. Similar abnormalities were also observed in the brains of Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-), and Bbs6(-/-) mice, establishing these neuroanatomical defects as a previously undescribed BBS mouse model phenotype. Ultrastructural examination of the ependymal cell cilia that line the enlarged third ventricle of the Bbs1 mutant brains showed that, whereas the 9 + 2 arrangement of axonemal microtubules was intact, elongated cilia and cilia with abnormally swollen distal ends were present. Together with data from transmission electron microscopy analysis of photoreceptor cell connecting cilia, the Bbs1 M390R mutation does not affect axonemal structure, but it may play a role in the regulation of cilia assembly and/or function.
Tuning ligament shape in dealloyed nanoporous tin and the impact of nanoscale morphology on its applications in Na-ion alloy battery anodes (2018)

Control over the morphology of nanostructured materials is of primary importance in structure-property relationship studies. Although the size of ligaments and pores in dealloyed nanoporous metals can be controlled by thermal and/or (electro)chemical treatments, tuning the shape of those ligaments is much harder. In the present work, we use corroding media with different reactivity to effectively tailor the ligament shape in nanoporous tin (NP-Sn) during dealloying by free corrosion. NP-Sn architectures with nanowire and granular ligament shapes were made by controlling the pH of the corroding solution, and thus the rate of Sn oxidation relative to the etching rate of the sacrificial component. The standard nanowire structure was formed under acidic conditions where oxidation was slow, but a hierarchical granular structure was formed when fusion of the Sn nanocrystals was inhibited by surface oxidation. To demonstrate the advantages of this architectural control, these two materials systems were investigated as electrodes for Na-ion battery anodes. Similar initial Na storage capacities of $\ensuremath{\sim}500$ and 550 mAh/g were achieved in the nanowire and granular materials, respectively, but the cycle life of the two materials was quite different. NP-Sn with a granular ligament shape showed enhanced stability with a capacity retention of $\ensuremath{\sim}55%$ over 95 cycles at a specific current of 40 mA/g. By contrast, NP-Sn with a nanowire ligament shape showed very fast capacity fading within the first 10 cycles. This work thus demonstrates the dramatic impact of the nanoscale morphology on the electrochemical performance of nanoporous materials and highlights the need for both shape and size control in dealloyed nanoporous metals.
A data‐driven, high‐throughput methodology to determine tissue‐specific differentially methylated regions able to discriminate body fluids (2021)

Tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (tDMRs) are regions of the genome with methylation patterns that modulate gene expression in those tissue types. The detection of tDMRs in forensic evidence can permit the identification of body fluids at trace levels. In this report, we have performed a bioinformatic analysis of an existing array dataset to determine if new tDMRs could be identified for use in body fluid identification from forensic evidence. Once these sites were identified, primers were designed and bisulfite modification was performed. The relative methylation level for each body fluid at a given locus was then determined using qPCR with high-resolution melt analysis (HRM). After screening 127 tDMR's in multiple body fluids, we were able to identify four new markers able to discriminate blood (2 markers), vaginal epithelia (1 marker) and buccal cells (1 marker). One marker for each target body fluid was also tested with pyrosequencing showing results consistent with those obtained by HRM. This work successfully demonstrates the ability of in silico analysis to develop a novel set of tDMRs capable of being differentiated by real time PCR/HRM. The method can rapidly determine the body fluids left at crime scenes, assisting the triers of fact in forensic casework.
An Energy Recovery Circuit for AC Plasma Display Panel with Serially Coupled Load Capacitance-SER1 (2001)

Abstract The switching power loss due to the panel capacitance during sustain period in AC PDP driving system can be minimized by using the energy recovery circuits. We proposed a new energy recovery circuit, SER1 (Seoul national univ. Energy Recovery circuit 1st). The experimental results of its application to a 42-inch surface discharge type AC PDP showed superior performance of SER1 in energy recovery efficiency and low distortion voltage waveform. Energy recovery efficiency of SER1 was measured up to 92.3 %, and the power dissipation during the sustain period was reduced by 15.2 W in 2000 pulse/frame compared with serial LC resonance energy recovery circuit.
Anionic polymerization of acrylic monomers. 5. Synthesis, characterization and modification of polystyrene-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) di- and triblock copolymers (1990)

peer reviewed
Preparation of Ethylene Glycol Esters from Synthesis Gas (1987)

C2-oxygenated products, particularly the acetate esters of ethylene glycol, may be prepared in good selectivities directly from synthesis gas in the presence of composite bimetallic homogeneous catalysts which contain mixtures of ruthenium and rhodium, as major and minor components respectively, together with promoters in the form of nitrogen-containing bases or alkali metal cations, in acetic acid as solvent/co-reactant. These are the first catalyst systems containing ruthenium as the major metallic component which have been demonstrated (i) to provide good molar selectivities (e.g. C2/C1 ~ 1-2) to specific C2-oxygenates, with no hydrocarbon formation, and (ii) to match the previously-documented behavior of mono-metallic rhodium catalysts in respect of both activity and selectivity.
Perfusion dephasing discriminated between coronary microvascular disease and multivessels coronary artery disease (2014)

Background Non-invasive imaging methods cannot reliably differentiate reliably between coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and multi-vessel coronary artery disease (including left main coronary artery disease; CAD) as both these conditions may result in diffuse myocardial ischemia, which on visual and quantitative analysis can have a similar appearance. Consequently, patients are subjected to invasive angiography, and coronary microvascular dysfunction is diagnosed after demonstrating normal coronary arteries in patients with myocardial ischemia. We hypothesized that the spatial and temporal distribution of the first-pass perfusion of the left ventricular myocardium is fundamentally different between these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of perfusion (perfusion dephasing analysis) to differentiate CMD and multivessel CAD. Methods This study included a total of 52 patients. All subjects underwent adenosine-stress first-pass perfusion CMR. Patients with a visually positive perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and functional multivessel disease (fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤0.8 in at least 2 vessels; n = 25) or a visually positive perfusion CMR and angiographically smooth coronary arteries (CMD Group; n = 27) were included. The datasets were analysed visually, quantified with Fermi deconvolution and assessed for perfusion dephasing (coefficient of variation of the time to peak of the myocardial signal intensity curve). Results Visual and quantitative analysis allowed a reliable diagnosis of significant CAD, but could not distinguish patients with multivessel CAD from patients with CMD as the total extent and severity of ischemia was similar between the two groups. In patients with CAD, perfusion analysis showed significant dephasing proportional to the extent and severity of the epicardial stenoses (average perfusion dephasing in the multivessel CAD group 17% ± 8%). In contrast, in patients with CMD there was very little perfusion dephasing (7% ± 2%;p 10.1% (p < 0.001; area under the ROC curve = 0.96). Conclusions In conclusion, perfusion-dephasing analysis, a novel method to measure temporal differences of myocardial perfusion, is highly accurate in distinguishing patients with functionally significant multivessel CAD from patients with CMD. Funding
Troposcatter antenna positioner (1980)

Abstract : This report covers results of a contract to provide for a rapid and accurate alignment procedure of troposcatter antennas. An experimental model embodying a microprocessor based computation routine at the receive antenna and a stable transmitted frequency allows for alignment of antennas along the great circle path. The test data shows that an alignment accuracy of better than plus or minus 1/3 degree or approximately plus or minus 1/10 of a beamwidth could be accomplished in approximately 10 minutes.
A New Sampler Design for Measuring Sedimentation in Streams (2005)

Abstract Sedimentation alters aquatic habitats and negatively affects fish and invertebrate communities but is difficult to quantify. To monitor bed load sedimentation, we designed a sampler with a 10.16-cm polyvinyl chloride coupling and removable sediment trap. We conducted a trial study of our samplers in riffle and pool habitats upstream and downstream of highway construction on a first-order Appalachian stream. Sediment samples were collected over three 6-week intervals, dried, and separated into five size-classes by means of nested sieves (U.S. standard sieve numbers 4, 8, 14, and 20). Downstream sediment accumulated in size-classes 1 and 2, and the total amount accumulated was significantly greater during all three sampling periods. Size-classes 3 and 4 had significantly greater amounts of sediment for the first two sampling periods at the downstream site. Differences between upstream and downstream sites narrowed during the 5-month sampling period. This probably reflects changes in site conditions, including the addition of more effective sediment control measures after the first 6-week period of the study. The sediment sampler design allowed for long-term placement of traps without continual disturbance of the streambed and was successful at providing repeat measures of sediment at paired sites.
Thermal Expansion of Aluminum–Fly Ash Cenosphere Composites Synthesized by Pressure Infiltration Technique (2006)

The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of commercially available pure aluminum and aluminum alloy composites containing hollow fly ash particles (cenospheres) of average size 125 mm are measured using a dilatometer. Three types of composites are made using the pressure infiltration technique at applied pressures and infiltration times of 35 kPa for 3 min, 35 kPa for 7 min, and 62 kPa for 7 min. The volume fractions of the fly ash cenospheres in the composites are around 65%. The CTE of the composites is measured to be in the range of 13.1×10 -6 -11×10 -6 /°C, which is lower than that of pure aluminum (25.3×10 -6 /°C). The infiltration processing conditions are found to influence the CTE of the composites. A higher applied pressure and a longer infiltration time lead to a lower CTE. The theoretical value of the CTE of fly ash cenospheres is estimated to be 6.1×10 -6 /°C.
Equalization in amplified WDM lightwave transmission systems (1992)

The authors introduce simple techniques to solve gain equalization problems in amplified wavelength-multiplexed lightwave transmission systems. By adjusting the channel powers at the terminals in a prescribed way, either the output powers or the output signal-to-noise ratios of all the channels can be equalized. All adjustments can be made using information provided by system telemetry. No new equipment, upgrades, or adjustments are required at intermediate amplifier sites.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A CMOS STI-Bound Single-Photon Avalanche Diode With 27-ps Timing Resolution and a Reduced Diffusion Tail (2009)

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) measure individual photons' time of arrival. Low detector jitter is required in many SPAD applications. This letter describes a method for significantly reducing SPAD jitter using an area-efficient shallow-trench-isolation guard ring. The structure prevents lateral drift and diffusion of charge carriers, resulting in improved timing resolution. Experimental results of the device, fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS technology, are presented. The timing resolution of the SPAD is 27-ps full-width at half-maximum. Importantly, the diffusion tail exhibits only 96-ps full-width at hundredth-maximum, a three times improvement over previously published SPAD results. The reduced jitter can be translated to improved bit error rates in quantum key distribution systems, faster bit rates in pulse position modulation optical links, and greater contrast in high-resolution fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
Photoelectrochemical Etching of p‐InP in Nitric Acid Solutions (1996)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies of p‐InP in various nitric acid solutions demonstrated that the semiconductor undergoes etching with favorable etch rates in the negative potential region. The etch rate increases with decreasing potentials to −1.0 V and exhibits a small decrease with still lower potentials. Etch rates are proportional to light intensity. The values of etch rate for p‐InP biased at −1.0 V vary from 0.07 to 1.24 μm/min for solutions with concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 M. With acid concentrations greater than 5 M, the etch rates were inconsistent. Little or no PEC etching was observed with nitric acid concentrations greater than 7.5 M. Voltammetry shows that photoreduction of protons and possibly nitric acid takes precedence over the photoreduction of InP to In higher concentrations.
Neuropeptide Y-based recombinant peptides ameliorate bone loss in mice by regulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell mobilization (2017)

Ovariectomy-induced bone loss is related to an increased deposition of osteoclasts on bone surfaces. We reported that the 36-amino-acid-long neuropeptide Y (NPY) could mobilize hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood by regulating HSPC maintenance factors and that mobilization of HSPCs ameliorated low bone density in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mouse model by reducing the number of osteoclasts. Here, we demonstrated that new NPY peptides, recombined from the cleavage of the full-length NPY, showed better functionality for HSPC mobilization than the full-length peptide. These recombinant peptides mediated HSPC mobilization with greater efficiency by decreasing HSPC maintenance factors. Furthermore, treatment with these peptides reduced the number of osteoclasts and relieved ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice more effectively than treatment with full-length NPY. Therefore, these results suggest that peptides recombined from full-length NPY can be used to treat osteoporosis. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(3): 138-143].
Self-neutralizing oligonucleotides with enhanced cellular uptake (2017)

There is tremendous potential for oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics, but low cellular penetration due to their polyanionic nature is a major obstacle.