gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape understanding from Lambertian photometric flow fields (2003)

A novel idea for the analysis of shape from reflectance maps is introduced. It is shown that local surface orientation and curvature constraints can be obtained at points on a smooth surface by computing the instantaneous rate of change of reflected scene radiance caused by angular variations in illumination geometry. The resulting instantaneous changes in image irradiance values across an optic sensing array of pixels constitute what is termed a photometric flow field. There is no correspondence problem with respect to obtaining the instantaneous change in image irradiance values between successive image frames. This is because the object and camera remain static relative to one another as the illumination geometry changes. Simulations show how photometric flow fields quantitatively determine local surface orientation from a known incident orientation of an illuminator, as well as determining incident illuminator orientation from a known local surface orientation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Claustrophobia and premature termination of magnetic resonance imaging examinations (2007)

Claustrophobic reactions cause a relatively low incidence of ptMRI and are influenced by sex, body part examined, and positioning within the MR scanner. Sedation and prone positioning might help overcome these reactions.
MAP-PF Position Tracking with a Network of Sensor Arrays (2006)

The maximum a posteriori penalty function (MAP-PF) approach is applied to target position tracking with a network of sensor arrays. The track estimation problem is formulated directly from the array data using the MAP estimation criterion. The penalty function method of nonlinear programming is used to obtain a tractable solution. A sequential update procedure is developed in which penalized maximum likelihood estimates of target bearing and power are computed for each array, and then used as synthetic measurements in an extended Kalman filter. The two steps are coupled via the penalty function. The current target state is used to guide the bearing estimation, and estimated signal powers control the influence of the bearing estimates from each array on the final track estimate. The algorithm can be implemented in a decentralized manner where bearing estimation is performed at the arrays, and track estimation is performed at a central processing site.
A Positioning Algorithm for Wireless Sensors in Rich Multipath Environments (2008)

A novel positioning algorithm is described for locating wireless sensor nodes in the extreme multi-path conditions encountered in industrial storage vessels. Here, pulse leading edge detection is combined with high-resolution spatial diversity, to facilitate both precision positioning and cumulative error estimation. The 2-D prototype described within may be readily adapted for 3-D full scale commercial applications.
More than a carbon economy: nutrient trade and ecological sustainability in facultative arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses (2009)

Symbiosis is well recognized as a major force in plant ecology and evolution. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the functional, ecological and evolutionary benefits of the very widespread facultative arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations, in which the plants can grow and reproduce whether or not they are colonized by AM fungi. Here we address the significance of new research findings that are overturning conventional views that facultative AM associations can be likened to parasitic fungus-plant associations. Specifically, we address the occurrence and importance of phosphate uptake via AM fungi that does not result in increases in total phosphorus (P) uptake or in plant growth, and possible signalling between AM fungi and plants that can result in plant growth depressions even when fungal colonization remains very low. We conclude that, depending on the individual AM fungi that are present, the role of facultative AM associations in the field, especially in relation to plant competition, may be much more subtle than has been previously envisaged.
The effects of kisspeptin‐54 on blood pressure in humans and plasma kisspeptin concentrations in hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (2010)

Elevation of plasma kisspeptin-IR is not associated with an alteration in BP in humans.
Summary Abstract: A review of silicon-on-insulator formation by oxygen ion implantation (1984)

First Page
Birth defects in Singapore: 1994-2000. (2005)

There was an increasing trend of abortion for birth defects, accompanied by a falling trend in the congenital anomalies of live births. Both extremes of maternal age were at higher risk of non-chromosomal birth defects while advanced maternal age was at higher risk of chromosomal defects.
Ketosteroid isomerase provides further support for the idea that enzymes work by electrostatic preorganization (2010)

One of the best systems for exploring the origin of enzyme catalysis has been the reaction of ketosteroid isomerase (KSI). Studies of the binding of phenolates to KSI have been taken as proof that the electrostatic preorganization effect only makes a minor contribution to the binding of the real, multiring, transition state (TS). However, our simulation study has determined that the difference between the phenolates and the TS arises from the fact that the nonpolar state of the phenolate can rotate freely relative to the oxyanion hole and thus loses the preorganization contribution. A recent study explored the reactivity of both small and multiring systems and concluded that their similar reactivity contradicts our preorganization idea. Herein, we establish that the available experiments in fact provide what is perhaps the best proof and clarification of the preorganization idea and its crucial role in enzyme catalysis. First, we analyze the binding energy and the pK(a) of equilenin and identify direct experimental evidence for our prediction about the differential electrostatic stabilization of the large TS and the small phenolates. Subsequently, we show that the similar reactivity of the small and large systems is also due to an electrostatic preorganization effect but that this effect only appears in the intermediate state because the TS is not free to rotate. This establishes the electrostatic origin of enzyme catalysis. We also clarify the crucial importance of having a well-defined physical concept when examining catalytic effects and the need for quantitative tools for analyzing such effects.
The VirA protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is autophosphorylated and is essential for vir gene regulation (1990)

The virA and virG gene products are required for the regulation of the vir regulon on the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. VirA is a membrane-associated protein which is homologous to the sensor molecules of other two-component regulatory systems. We overproduced truncated VirA proteins in Escherichia coli by deleting different lengths of the 5'-coding region of the virA gene and placing these genes under lacZ control. These proteins were purified from polyacrylamide gels and renatured. The renatured proteins became radiolabeled when they were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP but not with [gamma-32P]GTP or [alpha-32P]ATP, which suggests an ATP gamma-phosphate-specific autophosphorylation. The smallest VirA protein, which retained only the C-terminal half of the protein, gave the strongest autophosphorylation signal, which demonstrates that the C-terminal domain has the autophosphorylation site. The phosphorylated amino acid was identified as phosphohistidine, and a highly conserved histidine was found in all of the VirA homologs. When this histidine was changed to glutamine, which cannot be phosphorylated, the resulting VirA protein lost both its ability to autophosphorylate and its biological function as a vir gene regulator. Results of this study indicate that VirA autophosphorylation is required for the induction of the vir regulon and subsequent tumor induction on plants by A. tumefaciens.
Fibronectins Are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel Morphogenesis But Are Dispensable for Initial Specification of Precursor Cells (1997)

The underlying mechanisms of lethal cardiovascular defects associated with the fibronectin-null (FN.null) mutation in mouse embryos were investigated by lineage analysis of myocardial, endocardial, and endothelial cells. A wide variation in phenotype was observed on two genetic backgrounds. In the less severe class (C57/BL6 background), FN.null embryos display a defective heart. Myocardial cells express the specific marker MF-20 and are correctly localized in the anterior trunk region, but myocardial organization is disrupted, resulting in a bulbous heart tube. Endocardial cells express the specific marker platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and are localized within the myocardium, but the endocardium appears collapsed. Endothelial cells of two vascular beds are specified, but the aortae are distended and lack contact with the surrounding mesenchyme, while no vessels form in the yolk sac. Defects in the more severe class suggest that FNs are essential earlier in development on the 129/Sv background. Myocardial and endocardial cells are specified, but morphogenesis of the myocardium and endocardium does not occur. Aortic endothelial cells are specified and localized normally, but remain scattered. Yolk sac endothelial cells resemble those of the less severe class. We conclude that FNs are essential for organization of heart and blood vessels, but are dispensable for cellular specification in the appropriate regions within the embryo.
Inhibition of Cellular Mediated Immunity in Marihuana Smokers (1974)

The cellular mediated immunity of 51 young chronic marihuana smokers. as evaluated by the lyomphocyte response in vitro to allogeneic cells and to phytohemagglutinin, was significantly decreased and similar to that of patients in whom impairment of T (thymus derived) cell immunity is known to occur. This inhibition of blastogenesis might be related to an impairment of DNA synthesis.
Release of Periplasmic Proteins of <i>Brucella suis</i> upon Acidic Shock Involves the Outer Membrane Protein Omp25 (2004)

The survival and replication of Brucella in macrophages is initially triggered by a low intraphagosomal pH. In order to identify proteins released by Brucella during this early acidification step, we analyzed Brucella suis conditioned medium at various pH levels. No significant proteins were released at pH 4.0 in minimal medium or citrate buffer, whereas in acetate buffer, B. suis released a substantial amount of soluble proteins. Comparison of 13 N-terminal amino acid sequences determined by Edman degradation with their corresponding genomic sequences revealed that all of these proteins possessed a signal peptide indicative of their periplasmic location. Ten proteins are putative substrate binding proteins, including a homologue of the nopaline binding protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The absence of this homologue in Brucella melitensis was due to the deletion of a 7.7-kb DNA fragment in its genome. We also characterized for the first time a hypothetical 9.8-kDa basic protein composed of five amino acid repeats. In B. suis, this protein contained 9 repeats, while 12 were present in the B. melitensis orthologue. B. suis in acetate buffer depended on neither the virB type IV secretory system nor the omp31 gene product. However, the integrity of the omp25 gene was required for release at acidic pH, while the absence of omp25b or omp25c displayed smaller effects. Together, these results suggest that Omp25 is involved in the membrane permeability of Brucella in acidic medium.
Reversible adhesion to rough surfaces both in and out of water, inspired by the clingfish suction disc (2019)

Adhesion is difficult to achieve on rough surfaces both in air and underwater. In nature, the northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus) has evolved the impressive ability to adhere onto substrates of various shapes and roughnesses, while subject to strong intertidal surges. The suction disc of the clingfish relies on suction and friction to achieve and maintain adhesion. Inspired by this mechanism of attachment, we designed an artificial suction disc and evaluated its adhesive stress on rough surfaces and non-planar geometries. The artificial suction disc achieved adhesion strengths of 10.1 ± 0.3 kPa in air on surfaces of moderate roughness (grain size, 68 µm), and 14.3 ± 1.5 kPa underwater on coarse surfaces (grain size, 269 µm). By comparison, a commercially available suction cup failed to exhibit any significant adhesion in both scenarios. The roughly 2 g heavy clingfish-inspired suction discs gripped concave surfaces with small radii of curvature (12.5 mm) and supported payloads up to 0.7 kg. We correlated the effect of key bioinspired features (i.e. slits, a soft outer layer, and body geometry) to adhesion performance using contact visualization techniques and finite element analysis (FEA). The suction discs were then tested on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to demonstrate their utility in the soft manipulation of fragile objects.
Policy Implementation Framework and Family-Friendly Work Policy: Evidence from Flex-Working Programs in South Korea’s Public Sectors (2013)

The main purpose of this study is to explore factors (e.g., political, organizational, cultural & institutional) that negatively influence the implementation of flex-working programs (i.e., flex-time, part-time and at-home work programs) and thus result in only a very small number of government employees (1.6 percent in 2011) taking advantage of these programs in South Korea’s public organizations. To address, this research uses Mazmanian & Sabatier’s (1989) conceptual framework of the implementation process including three groups of independent variables (e.g., the tractability of the problem(s) being addressed, the ability of the statute to structure favorably the implementation process and the net effect of a variety of political variables on the balance of support for statutory objectives) which exert an influence on the implementation process. Finally, to successfully implement flex-working programs in Korea’s public sector and to attain their primary policy goal of improving an employee’s work/life balance, this research concludes with the three suggestions on policy contents and managerial leadership.
Learning Probabilistic Models of the Web (2000)

In the World Wide Web, myriads of hyperlinks connect doc-uments and pages to create an unprecedented, highly com-plex graph structure- the Web graph. This paper presents a novel approach to learning probabilistic models of the Web, which can be used to make reliable predictions about connec-tivity and information content of Web documents. The pro-posed method is a probabilistic dimension reduction tech-nique which recasts and unites Latent Semantic Analysis and Kleinberg&apos;s Hubs-and-Authorities algorithm in a statis-tical setting. This is meant to be a rst step towards the development of a statistical foundation for Web{related information tech-nologies. Although this paper does not focus on a partic-ular application, a variety of algorithms operating in the Web/Internet environment can take advantage of the pre-sented techniques, including search engines, Web crawlers, and information agent systems. 1 Introduction: Predictive Models
Tight‐binding inhibitory sequences against pp60<sup><i>c−src</i></sup> identified using a random 15‐amino‐acid peptide library (1996)

A bacteriophage peptide library containing a random 15-amino-acid insert was screened for identification of peptide sequence(s) that bind pp60(c-src). Sequencing the random insert from more than 100 virions indicated that more than 60% of the phage virions that bound to this enzyme contained a GXXG sequence motif in which X was frequently a hydrophobic residue. The GXXG sequence was often repeated as GXXGXXG. Two nonameric peptides were synthesized to determine whether or not the peptide inhibits pp60(c-src) tyrosine kinase activity and the importance of the glycine residues within this sequence. The peptide containing glycine had a Ki of 24 microM, whereas replacing the glycines with proline increased the Ki value to 3.1 mM.
.beta.-Alkyl transfer in a lanthanide model for chain termination (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.beta.-Alkyl transfer in a lanthanide model for chain terminationPatricia L. Watson and D. Christopher RoeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 23, 6471–6473Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00387a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views887Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
대학생들의 2018 평창동계패럴림픽 브랜드 지식, 브랜드 태도, 방문의사의 인과관계 분석 (2017)

본 연구는 현재 대학생들이 평창동계패럴림픽에 대하여 어느 정도의 관심이 있는지 분석하고, 평창동계패럴림픽의 브랜드 지식, 브랜드 태도, 방문의사의 인과관계를 알아보기 위한 것에 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 대상은 550명의 대학생을 편의표본추출법(convenience sampling)과 판단표본추출법(judgemental sampling)으로 표집 하였다. 설문작성은 자기평가기입법으로 실시하였고 총 529부의 설문지가 최종분석을 위하여 사용되었다. 실태조사 결과를 빈도분석과 구조방정식모형을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 평창동계패럴림픽 개최 인지 여부에서는 개최되는 것을 `알고 있다`는 응답자가 67.5%로 나타났고, 개최 인지 경로로는 `언론보도`가 69.0%로 가장 높았다. 평창동계패럴림픽 방문의사에서는 87.1%가 `방문할 의사가 없다`고 응답하였고, 방문의사가 없는 가장 큰 이유는 `거리가 멀어서`라고 응답하였다. 방문 의사가 있는 12.9% 중 방문하고 싶은 이유 중 가장 큰 요인은 `관람이 재미있을 것 같아서`로 나타났다. 현재 평창동계패럴림픽의 부족사항으로는 62.2%가 홍보가 부족하다고 응답하였다. 둘째, 평창동계패럴림픽의 브랜드 지식의 하위요인인 브랜드 인지는 브랜드 태도에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났고, 브랜드 이미지는 하위요인 중 대중적 이미지와 감각적 이미지가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 브랜드 태도는 방문의사에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Zr58.5Ti8.2Cu14.2Ni11.4Al7.7 Bulk Metallic Glass (2011)

Thermal stability, structure and mechanical properties of the multi-component Zr<sub>58.5</sub>Ti<sub>8.2</sub>Cu<sub>14.2</sub>Ni<sub>11.4</sub>Al<sub>7.7</sub> bulk metallic glass have been studied in detail. The glassy material displays good thermal stability against crystallization and a fairly large supercooled liquid region of 52 K. During heating, the alloy transforms into a metastable icosahedral quasicrystalline phase in the first stage of crystallization. At high temperatures, the quasicrystalline phase undergoes a transformation to form tetragonal and cubic NiZr₂-type phases. Room-temperature compression tests of the as-cast sample show good mechanical properties, namely, high compressive strength of about 1,630 MPa and fracture strain of 3.3%. This is combined with a density of 6.32 g/cm³ and values of Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of 0.377 and 77 GPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the glass can be further improved by cold rolling. The compressive strength rises to 1,780 MPa and the fracture strain increases to 8.3% for the material cold-rolled to a diameter reduction of 10%.
Using LS-SVM Based Motion Recognition for Smartphone Indoor Wireless Positioning (2012)

The paper presents an indoor navigation solution by combining physical motion recognition with wireless positioning. Twenty-seven simple features are extracted from the built-in accelerometers and magnetometers in a smartphone. Eight common motion states used during indoor navigation are detected by a Least Square-Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM) classification algorithm, e.g., static, standing with hand swinging, normal walking while holding the phone in hand, normal walking with hand swinging, fast walking, U-turning, going up stairs, and going down stairs. The results indicate that the motion states are recognized with an accuracy of up to 95.53% for the test cases employed in this study. A motion recognition assisted wireless positioning approach is applied to determine the position of a mobile user. Field tests show a 1.22 m mean error in "Static Tests" and a 3.53 m in "Stop-Go Tests".
Effects of 4-aminopyridine in myasthenia gravis. (1979)

A new drug, 4-aminopyridine, was prepared for use in humans and tested by repeated injections in six patients with myasthenia gravis. The drug caused improvement of muscle strength and neuromuscular transmission as demonstrated by clinical observations and repetitive electrical nerve stimulation. The drug was effective in cases without any other treatment as well as in cases undergoing treatment with anticholinesterases. It is concluded that 4-aminopyridine may be of value as a supplementary drug in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
Epitaxial strained germanium p-MOSFETs with HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric and TaN gate electrode (2004)

Germanium p-MOSFETs with a thin high-k dielectric (EOT/spl sim/1.6 nm) were fabricated on bulk Ge and epitaxial germanium-on-silicon substrates. These devices exhibited sub-90 mV/decade subthreshold swing and low gate leakage. The IV and CV characteristics achieved in this work allow for accurate extraction of important device parameters such as transconductance (Gm) and low-field mobility. Results from n-MOSFETs fabricated on bulk Ge substrates are also presented.
Spatio-temporal imaging of THz pulses (2002)

We report the use of an optoelectronic system for the measurement of THz pulses by use of chirped pulse technology. This novel system measures the spatio-temporal distribution of a free-space pulsed radiation with an unprecedented data acquisition rate. Using a linearly-chirped optical probe pulse in free-space for electro-optic measurements, a temporal waveform of a co-propagating terahertz (THz) field is linearly encoded onto the frequency spectrum of the optical probe pulse, and then decoded by dispersing the probe beam from a grating to a detector array. Acquisition of picosecond THz field pulses without using mechanical time-delay devices has been achieved. A single-shot electro-optic measurement of the temporal waveform of a THz pulse has been demonstrated. Unparalleled by other THz sampling techniques, this single-shot method provides what is believed to be the highest possible data-acquisition rate.
Granular control of photovoltaic arrays by means of a multi‐output Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm (2012)

ABSTRACT In this paper, a Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (D‐MPPT) approach in photovoltaic (PV) applications is discussed. The proposed control method is suitable for the granular control of the PV generator at a module level or even at a sub‐module level. D‐MPPT is usually implemented by means of independent converters, each one of them running its own MPPT algorithm. Instead, the architecture proposed in this paper consists of only one digital controller, implementing a multivariable MPPT algorithm based on the Perturb and Observe approach, acting on a number of dc/dc converters, each one of them dedicated to a single PV module. The proposed control strategy reduces the number of current sensors with respect to the classical D‐MPPT architecture and tracks the maximum power evaluated at the dc/dc converters' output. Planar solid immersion mirror simulations and experimental results confirm the validity of the approach and of the design guidelines proposed in the paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.