gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pedigreed Mutant Library—A Unique Resource for Sorghum Improvement and Genomics (2016)

Sorghum is a versatile crop used for food, feed, fodder, and biofuel. Because of its resilience to environmental stresses and low soil fertility, sorghum is becoming increasingly important in meeting the growing need for food and energy in the face of declining arable land and fresh water resources. Low grain yield and poor nutritional quality are two major limiting factors for sorghum production. New resources are needed to overcome these limits. We have developed a pedigreed mutant library in BTx623, the inbred line for generating the reference genome sequence. The library consists of 6400 M4 seed pools, each of which was derived from an independent M1 seed through singleseed descent. The mutant library displays a wide range of visible phenotypes, and many are beneficial traits that have potential to be used as breeding materials to improve grain yield and quality. A selection of 256 lines was sequenced to 16x coverage of the whole genome. More than 1.8 million canonical ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced guanine/cytosine to adenosine/thymine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered, covering 94% of the genes in the sorghum genome. Over 57% of the genes carry large effect mutations that may alter the function of the gene product. In comparison with natural variations, 97.5% of the EMS-induced mutations are novel. Thus, the pedigreed mutant library can serve as a unique resource for selection of novel agronomic traits and identifying their causal mutations for sorghum improvement and for elucidating gene function through isolation of mutant series for the traits of interest.
Synthesis of soluble halogenated polyphenylenes. Mechanism for the coupling of halogenated lithiobenzenes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of soluble halogenated polyphenylenes. Mechanism for the coupling of halogenated lithiobenzenesEric B. Stephens, Kenneth E. Kinsey, Joanna F. Davis, and James M. TourCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 14, 3519–3532Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00066a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00066a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views392Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Large Scale Business Discovery from Street Level Imagery (2015)

Search with local intent is becoming increasingly useful due to the popularity of the mobile device. The creation and maintenance of accurate listings of local businesses worldwide is time consuming and expensive. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically discover businesses that are visible on street level imagery. Precise business store front detection enables accurate geo-location of businesses, and further provides input for business categorization, listing generation, etc. The large variety of business categories in different countries makes this a very challenging problem. Moreover, manual annotation is prohibitive due to the scale of this problem. We propose the use of a MultiBox based approach that takes input image pixels and directly outputs store front bounding boxes. This end-to-end learning approach instead preempts the need for hand modeling either the proposal generation phase or the post-processing phase, leveraging large labelled training datasets. We demonstrate our approach outperforms the state of the art detection techniques with a large margin in terms of performance and run-time efficiency. In the evaluation, we show this approach achieves human accuracy in the low-recall settings. We also provide an end-to-end evaluation of business discovery in the real world.
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides via Alternansucrase Acceptor Reactions (2003)

Alternansucrase synthesizes an alternating α-(1→3),α-(1→6)-Dglucan via glucosyl transfer from sucrose. It also synthesizes oligosaccharides, containing both types of linkages, when acceptor sugars are present. We have used alternansucrase to synthesize oligosaccharides from maltose, maltodextrins, maltitol, cellobiose, raffinose, melibiose, lactose, gentiobiose and other carbohydrate acceptors. Analysis of the products shows that alternansucrase is better at catalyzing acceptor reactions when compared to dextransucrase, and that the structures of the products differ. Whereas dextransucrase generally makes only a single product from any given acceptor, alternansucrase often makes two or more, and in higher yields. Several of these oligosaccharide acceptor products have been isolated and tested for their ability to support the growth of probiotic bacteria, including selected strains of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Certain acceptor products supported growth of probiotic strains but did not serve as substrates for undesirable bacteria such as Salmonella choleraesuis, Clostridium perfringens, or Escherichia coli.
Effects of freezing conditions on the morphology and mechanical properties of clay and polymer/clay aerogels (2013)

Abstract Clay aerogels and poly(vinyl alcohol)/clay aerogels were prepared via an environmental friendly freeze‐drying process. Both mechanical properties and microstructures of the clay aerogels and polymer/clay aerogels were correlated to the freezing conditions. The compressive moduli of these materials increased as the freezing temperature used to produce the aerogels was decreased. Scanning electron microscopic observations suggest that the morphological variations of clay aerogels can be explained by the mechanism of ice templating that produced these structures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Inverse reinforcement learning using Dynamic Policy Programming (2014)

This paper proposes a novel model-free inverse reinforcement learning method based on density ratio estimation under the framework of Dynamic Policy Programming. We show that the logarithm of the ratio between the optimal policy and the baseline policy is represented by the state-dependent cost and the value function. Our proposal is to use density ratio estimation methods to estimate the density ratio of policies and the least squares method with regularization to estimate the state-dependent cost and the value function that satisfies the relation. Our method can avoid computing the integral such as evaluating the partition function. A simple numerical simulation of a grid world navigation, a car driving, and a pendulum swing-up shows its superiority over conventional methods.
Assessing manganese efflux using SEA0400 and cardiac <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>‐mapping manganese‐enhanced MRI in a murine model (2009)

The sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) is one of the transporters contributing to the control of intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration by normally mediating net Ca(2+) efflux. However, the reverse mode of the NCX can cause intracellular Ca(2+) concentration overload, which exacerbates the myocardial tissue injury resulting from ischemia. Although the NCX inhibitor SEA0400 has been shown to therapeutically reduce myocardial injury, no in vivo technique exists to monitor intracellular Ca(2+) fluctuations produced by this drug. Cardiac manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) may indirectly assess Ca(2+) efflux by estimating changes in manganese (Mn(2+)) content in vivo, since Mn(2+) has been suggested as a surrogate marker for Ca(2+). This study used the MEMRI technique to examine the temporal features of cardiac Mn(2+) efflux by implementing a T(1)-mapping method and inhibiting the NCX with SEA0400. The change in (1)H(2)O longitudinal relaxation rate, Delta R(1), in the left ventricular free wall, was calculated at different time points following infusion of 190 nmol/g manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) in healthy adult male mice. The results showed 50% MEMRI signal attenuation at 3.4 +/- 0.6 h post-MnCl(2) infusion without drug intervention. Furthermore, treatment with 50 +/- 0.2 mg/kg of SEA0400 significantly reduced the rate of decrease in Delta R(1). At 4.9-5.9 h post-MnCl(2) infusion, the average Delta R(1) values for the two groups treated with SEA0400 were 2.46 +/- 0.29 and 1.72 +/- 0.24 s(-1) for 50 and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively, as compared to the value of 1.27 +/- 0.28 s(-1) for the control group. When this in vivo data were compared to ex vivo absolute manganese content data, the MEMRI T(1)-mapping technique was shown to effectively quantify Mn(2+) efflux rates in the myocardium. Therefore, combining an NCX inhibitor with MEMRI may be a useful technique for assessing Mn(2+) transport mechanisms and rates in vivo, which may reflect changes in Ca(2+) transport.
Thermo-Elastic Characterization of Heat Damage in Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites (2006)

Several nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are in use to inspect heat damage in organic matrix composites. Majority of the techniques detect major damage like cracking, delamination and blistering. An NDE technique sensitive to early stages of heat damage (“incipient” damage) is still elusive. This paper presents, a novel non‐contact NDE method, based on detection and measurement of heat developed during the propagation of an acoustic wave through the material. The methodology was used to characterize the heat damage in carbon fiber epoxy composite. The results of temperature changes in heat damaged regions in the composite and its correlation with exposure time are presented.
Enhancement of Drug Delivery in Tumors by Using Interaction of Nanoparticles with Ultrasound Radiation (2005)

Efficacy and safety of cancer chemo- and biotherapy are limited by poor penetration of anti-cancer drugs from blood into tumor cells. Tumor blood vessel wall, slow diffusion in the interstitium, and cancer cell membrane create physiological barriers for anti-cancer drugs, in particular promising macromolecular agents. Recently, we proposed to use selective accumulation of exogenous nano- and microparticles in tumors followed by ultrasound-induced cavitation for safe and efficient drug and gene delivery. In this paper, we first investigated the influence of polystyrene nanoparticles (100 and 280 nm in diameter and concentration up to 0.2% w/w) on cavitation threshold in water at the frequency of 20 kHz. Then, using optimal irradiation parameters found in the first part of this work, we studied efficacy of cancer chemotherapy with this technique. The experiments were performed in athymic nude mice bearing human colon KM20 tumors, which are highly resistant to chemotherapy. Ultrasound with the frequency of 20 kHz in combination with i.v. injected polystyrene nanoparticles was applied to enhance delivery of chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Our studies demonstrated that ultrasound irradiation in combination with the nanoparticle and drug injections significantly decreased tumor volume and resulted in complete tumor regression at optimal irradiation conditions, while the volume of control (non-irradiated) tumors increased despite drug injections. These data suggest that ultrasound-induced drug delivery may improve efficacy of current cancer treatment regimens.
Highly Porous and Preferentially Oriented {100} Platinum Nanowires and Thin Films (2012)

Abstract Highly {100} oriented Pt deposits were prepared by electrodeposition from a 10 mM HCl, 100 mM KCl and Na 2 PtCl 6 .xH 2 O electrolyte. The deposits were prepared in the form of thin films and array of nanowires. A qualitative assessment of the proportion of {100} oriented Pt surfaces was obtained through X‐ray diffraction measurements and cyclic voltammetry in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . The effect of the deposition potential, E dep , temperature of the electrolyte, T dep , platinum salt concentration [Na 2 PtCl 6 .xH 2 O], and nature of the substrate were investigated. It was shown that the proportion of {100} oriented Pt surfaces reaches a maximum for E dep = ‐0.35 V vs SCE. Moreover, this proportion increases steadily as T dep and [Na 2 PtCl 6 .xH 2 O] are decreased from 75 to 25 °C and from 2.5 to 0.25 mM, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs indicate that the more oriented samples are made of pine tree‐like structures that are effectively single crystals, and that the growth facets appear to be close to the {001} plane. This observation also clearly indicates that the plane exposed during the CV experiment is also {001}. As suggested by these micrographs, the films and nanowires are highly porous and roughness factors as large as 1000 were obtained on highly {100} oriented Pt nanowires. The predominance of {100} facets is attributed to their energetically favoured growth in the presence of hydrogen, and is shown to be significantly enhanced when the mass transport of Pt 4+ is limited. Due to the predominance of {100} facets, the normalized electrocatalytic activity (μA cm −2 Pt ) for the electro‐oxidation of hydrazine and ammonia is higher than non‐oriented polycrystalline Pt by a factor of 4 and 2.7, respectively.
A Priority-Driven Finite Capacity Planning System with Enhanced Shifting Bottleneck Algorithm (2006)

This paper presents the details of a priority-driven finite capacity planning system to address the capacity aggregation issue of the traditional rough-cut capacity planning (RCCP) approach. The system overcomes the limitation of infinite capacity consideration in the traditional RCCP approach through detailed system modeling. The capacity planning process starts by establishing capacity availability through the user-defined production calendars and machine unavailability time periods such as planned machine preventive maintenance schedule. The available capacity information is represented by building machine time lines with finite time buckets down to an increment of minute. Machine loading preferences and standard processing times are then specified in the form of capacity matrices. With the detailed capacity modeling approach, all information needed to model the capacity constraints could be precisely stated. The enhanced priority-driven finite capacity engine can be configured to consider weighted product and machine priorities; product forecast ratio, linkages to critical tooling and fixture constraint, as well as, the ability to cater for shifting bottleneck during the dynamic capacity allocation process. Through the intelligent capacity planning algorithms, the demands are assigned to the available capacity on a level-by-level approach. The priority-driven finite capacity planning system has been implemented in a few companies in the semiconductor backend assembly environment and it has proven to be a practical and effective capacity planning solution based on the encouraging feedback from the end users.
High Electrocatalytic Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles on SnO[sub 2] Nanowire-Based Electrodes (2007)

The composite electrodes were prepared by electrochemical deposition of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles onto the surface of tin oxide nanowires directly grown on the carbon fibers of a carbon paper. This is the first report of an electrode design using Pt catalyst supported on a nanowire-based electrode. In the comparison to a standard electrode, the nanowire-based electrode exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity both for oxygen reduction reaction and methanol oxidation reaction. The results imply that nanowire-based composite electrodes are excellent potential candidates for application in proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cells.
Endosonography/Bile Drainage Combination for Difficult-to-Diagnose Gallbladder Disease (1998)

The diagnosis of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis is often straightforward, particularly when transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) reveals gallstones or other abnormalities of the gallbladder. There remain many patients, however, with typical biliary pain and normal findings on TUS. This latter group of patients, in which women constitute a large majority, often undergo considerable suffering. Their medical care can also be quite costly. Cholecystokinin cholescintigraphy and stimulated biliary drainage (SBD) have been proposed for difficult-to-diagnose gallbladder disease, but they both have limitations. Cholecystokinin cholescintigraphy may not predict postoperative outcomes with a high degree of reliability. The processing and interpretation of bile drainage specimens is not standardized, and the sensitivity of SBD is less than that of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Combined endoscopic ultrasound and stimulated biliary drainage (EUS/SBD) offers a high degree of sensitivity in the diagnosis of cholecystitis and microlithiasis. Positive EUS/SBD is also highly correlated with long-term symptom resolution or relief following cholecystectomy.
Discovery of novel potent <scp>ΔF</scp> 508‐ <scp>CFTR</scp> correctors that target the nucleotide binding domain (2013)

The deletion of Phe508 (ΔF508) in the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1) of CFTR is the most common mutation associated with cystic fibrosis. The ΔF508-CFTR mutant is recognized as improperly folded and targeted for proteasomal degradation. Based on molecular dynamics simulation results, we hypothesized that interaction between ΔF508-NBD1 and housekeeping proteins prevents ΔF508-CFTR delivery to the plasma membrane. Based on this assumption we applied structure-based virtual screening to identify new low-molecular-weight compounds that should bind to ΔF508-NBD1 and act as protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Using different functional assays for CFTR activity, we demonstrated that in silico-selected compounds induced functional expression of ΔF508-CFTR in transfected HeLa cells, human bronchial CF cells in primary culture, and in the nasal epithelium of homozygous ΔF508-CFTR mice. The proposed compounds disrupt keratin8-ΔF508-CFTR interaction in ΔF508-CFTR HeLa cells. Structural analysis of ΔF508-NBD1 in the presence of these compounds suggests their binding to NBD1. We conclude that our strategy leads to the discovery of new compounds that are among the most potent correctors of ΔF508-CFTR trafficking defect known to date.
The thermal stability of one-transistor ferroelectric memory with Pt-Pb/sub 5/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 11/Ir-Poly-SiO/sub 2/-Si Gate Stack (2003)

The thermal stability of one-transistor ferroelectric nonvolatile memory devices with a gate stack of Pt-Pb/sub 5/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 11/-Ir-Poly-SiO/sub 2/-Si was characterized in the temperature range of -10/spl deg/C to 150/spl deg/C. The memory windows decrease when the temperatures are higher than 60/spl deg/C. The drain currents (I/sub D/) after programming to on state decrease with increasing temperature. The drain currents (I/sub D/) after programming to off state increase with increasing temperature. The ratio of drain current (I/sub D/) at on state to that at off state drops from 7.5 orders of magnitude to 3.5 orders of magnitude when the temperature increases from room temperature to 150/spl deg/C. On the other hand, the memory window and the ratio of I/sub D/(on)/I/sub D/(off) of the one-transistor memory device displays practically no change when the temperature is reduced from room temperature to -10/spl deg/C. One-transistor (1T) memory devices also show excellent thermal imprint properties. Retention properties of 1T memory devices degrade with increasing temperature over 60/spl deg/C.
PCR-Mediated Repeated Chromosome Splitting in <i>Saccharomyces</i> Cerevisiae (2005)

Chromosome engineering is playing an increasingly important role in the functional analysis of genomes. A simple and efficient technology for manipulating large chromosomal segments is key to advancing these analyses. Here we describe a simple but innovative method to split chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which we call PCR-mediated chromosome splitting (PCS). The PCS method combines a streamlined procedure (two-step PCR and one transformation per splitting event) with the CreAoxP system for marker rescue. Using this novel method, chromosomes I (230 kb) and XV (1091 kb) of a haploid cell were split collectively into 10 minichromosomes ranging in size from 29-631 kb with high efficiency (routinely 80%) that were occasionally lost during mitotic growth in various combinations. These observations indicate that the PCS method provides an efficient tool to engineer the yeast genome and may offer a possible approach to identify minimal genome constitutions as a function of culture conditions through further splitting, followed by combinatorial loss of minichromosomes.
The Deep Tensor Neural Network With Applications to Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition (2012)

The recently proposed context-dependent deep neural network hidden Markov models (CD-DNN-HMMs) have been proved highly promising for large vocabulary speech recognition. In this paper, we develop a more advanced type of DNN, which we call the deep tensor neural network (DTNN). The DTNN extends the conventional DNN by replacing one or more of its layers with a double-projection (DP) layer, in which each input vector is projected into two nonlinear subspaces, and a tensor layer, in which two subspace projections interact with each other and jointly predict the next layer in the deep architecture. In addition, we describe an approach to map the tensor layers to the conventional sigmoid layers so that the former can be treated and trained in a similar way to the latter. With this mapping we can consider a DTNN as the DNN augmented with DP layers so that not only the BP learning algorithm of DTNNs can be cleanly derived but also new types of DTNNs can be more easily developed. Evaluation on Switchboard tasks indicates that DTNNs can outperform the already high-performing DNNs with 4-5% and 3% relative word error reduction, respectively, using 30-hr and 309-hr training sets.
A New Spiral Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for High Mass Analysis (2006)

A new spiral time-of-flight mass spectrometer orthogonally coupled with an ESI ion source was designed and constructed. The spiral ion optical system consisted of four toroidal electrostatic sectors. Each had fifteen stories made by sixteen Matsuda plates piled up inside a cylindrical electrostatic sector. The ions passed the four toroidal electrostatic sectors sequentially and revolved along a figure-eight-shaped orbit on a certain projection plane. During multiple revolutions, the ion trajectory shifted by 50 mm perpendicular to the projection plane every cycle, thus generating a spiral trajectory. The flight path length of one cycle was 1.3 m so that the maximum flight path length was 20 m when ion turned 15 cycles. The basic performance was tested by using several high molecular weight compounds. A mass resolution was achieved to be more than 55,000 (full width at half maximum) at m/z=3,000. The mass accuracy was remarkably improved to be better than 0.5 ppm in high mass region of up to m/z=3,000. An ion transmission of approximately 100% was observed up to 15 cycles.