gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of the septin protein family in metazoan (2007)

Septins, a conserved family of cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins, were presented in diverse eukaryotes. Here, a comprehensive phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for septin proteins in metazoan was carried out. First, we demonstrated that all septin proteins in metazoan could be clustered into four subgroups, and the representative homologue of every subgroup was presented in the non-vertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis, indicating that the emergence of the four septin subgroups should have occurred prior to divergence of vertebrates and invertebrates, and the expansion of the septin gene number in vertebrates was mainly by the duplication of pre-existing genes rather than by the appearance of new septin subgroup. Second, the direct orthologues of most human septins existed in zebrafish, which suggested that human septin gene repertoire was mainly formed by as far as before the split between fishes and land vertebrates. Third, we found that the evolutionary rate within septin family in mammalian lineage varies significantly, human SEPT1, SEPT 10, SEPT 12, and SEPT 14 displayed a relative elevated evolutionary rate compared with other septin members. Our data will provide new insights for the further function study of this protein family.
Power-efficient instruction delivery through trace reuse (2006)

As power dissipation inexorably becomes the major bottleneck in system integration and reliability, the front-end instruction delivery path in a traditional out-of-order superscalar processor needs to deliver high application performance in an energy-effective manner. This challenge can be addressed by efficiently reusing the work of fetch and decode performed during preceding loop iterations and resident mostly within the processor itself. As a large percentage of the instructions currently under fetch have previously dispatched copies resident in the Reorder Buffer (ROB), in this paper we develop a mechanism to utilize the ROB as a storage location for previously decoded instructions. Thus instructions can be fed directly from the ROB into the rename and issue stages, enabling the gating off of the fetch and decode logic for large periods of time so as to deliver significant power savings. Power and performance criticality of the ROB requires an efficient reuse identification mechanism; we outline such a cost-efficient Reuse Identification Unit (RIU) which enables effective identification of the matches between the ROB entries and the instructions currently under fetch. Simulation results on both multimedia and SPEC 2000 benchmarks confirm that incorporating the proposed technique on traditional out-of-order superscalar processors results in not only a sight improvement in performance, but also significant savings in the overall system power dissipation, achieved within a limited hardware budget.
Cosmic Microwave Background (2022)

The author – a leading theoretical cosmologist – expands on his widely acclaimed lecture notes in this self-contained textbook, suitable for the advanced undergraduate or starting graduate level. Presenting the key theoretical foundations of cosmology and describing the observations that have turned the subject into a precision science, the author keeps the student in mind on every page by explaining concepts step-by-step, in an approachable manner. After describing the dynamics of the homogeneous universe, the book traces the evolution of small density fluctuations, which were created quantum-mechanically during inflation and are today observed in the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale structure of the universe. The book is ideally suited as a course companion or for self-study. With all necessary background material covered, students have everything they need to establish an unrivalled understanding of the subject. Complete with many worked examples, figures, and homework problems, this textbook is a definitive resource for advanced students in physics, astronomy and applied mathematics.
Laser direct-write technique for fabricating microlens arrays on soda-lime glass with a Nd:YVO_4 laser (2010)

A one-step direct-write technique for fabricating spherical microlenses on soda-lime glass substrates is described. Using a Q switched Nd:YVO(4) laser combined with a galvanometer system, square and triangular microlens arrays were fabricated. The focal length of microlenses is measured using direct and nondirect methods. Values around 118 and 125 µm were obtained for the microlens focal length of square and triangular arrays, respectively. A noncontact profilometer is used for determining the surface roughness of square and triangular arrays. Results are compared with that of glass substrate.
New Concepts of Regulation of Retinal Vessel Tone (1996)

Hormonal products of the vascular endothelium may provide the final common pathway for vessel autoregulation in response to varying physiologic stress in many vascular beds, including the retina and choroid. Pharmacologic modulation of this process may provide treatment modalities for diseases such as hypertensive and diabetic retinopathies.
Active Phase Transition via Loss Engineering in a Terahertz MEMS Metamaterial (2017)

Controlling the phase of local radiation by using exotic metasurfaces has enabled promising applications in a diversified set of electromagnetic wave manipulation such as anomalous wavefront deflection, flat lenses, and holograms. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate an active phase transition in a micro-electromechanical system-based metadevice where both the phase response and the dispersion of the metamaterial cavity are dynamically tailored. The phase transition is determined by the radiative and the absorptive losses in a metal-insulator-metal cavity that obeys the coupled-mode theory. The complete understanding of the phase diagram in a reconfigurable configuration would open up avenues for designing multifunctional metadevices that can be actively switched between different phases leading to a plethora of applications in polarization control, beam deflectors, and holographic metamaterials.
Superphobicity/philicity Janus Fabrics with Switchable, Spontaneous, Directional Transport Ability to Water and Oil Fluids (2013)

Herein we demonstrate that switchable, spontaneous, directional-transport ability to both water and oil fluids can be created on fabric materials through wet-chemistry coating and successive UV irradiation treatment. When the fabric showed directional transport to a liquid, it prevented liquids of higher surface tension from penetration, but allowed liquids of lower surface tension to permeate, from either side. The directional transport ability can be switched from one fluid to another simply by heating the fabric at an elevated temperature and then re-irradiating the fabric with UV light for required period of time. By attaching liquid drops vertically upwards to a horizontally-laid fabric, we further demonstrated that this novel directional fluid transport was an automatic process driven by surface property alone, irrespective of gravity's effect. This novel fabric may be useful for development of "smart" textiles and functional membranes for various applications.
On Sub-Processes, Process Variation and their Interplay: An Integrated Divide-and-Conquer Method for Modeling Business Processes with Variation (2015)

Igat organisatsiooni võib vaadelda kui süsteemi, mis rakendab äriprotsesse väärtuste loomiseks. Suurtes organisatsioonides on tavapärane esitada äriprotsesse kasutades protsessimudeleid, mida kasutatakse erinevatel eesmärkidel nagu näiteks sisekommunikatsiooniks, koolitusteks, protsesside parendamiseks ja infosüsteemide arendamiseks. Arvestades protsessimudelite multifunktsionaalset olemust tuleb protsessimudeleid koostada selliselt, et see võimaldab nendest arusaamist ning haldamist erinevate osapoolte poolt.\nKäesolev doktoritöö pakkudes välja integreeritud dekompositsioonist ajendatud meetodi äriprotsesside modelleerimiseks koos nende variatsioonidega. Meetodi kandvaks ideeks on järkjärguline äriprotsessi ja selle variatsioonide dekomponeerimine alamprotsessideks. Igal dekompositsiooni tasemel ning iga alamprotsessi jaoks määratletakse esmalt kas vastavat alamprotsessi tuleks modelleerida konsolideeritud moel (üks alamprotsessi mudel kõikide või osade variatsioonide jaoks) või fragmenteeritud moel (üks alamprotsess ühe variatsiooni jaoks). Sel moel kasutades ülalt-alla lähenemist viilutatakse ja tükeldatakse äriprotsess väiksemateks osadeks.\nÄriprotsess viilutatakse esmalt tema variatsioonideks ning seejärel tükeldatakse dekompositsioonideks kasutades kaht peamist parameetrit. Esimeseks on äri ajendid variatsioonide jaoks – igal äriprotsessi variatsioonil on oma juurpõhjus, mis pärineb ärist endast ja põhjustab protsesside käivitamisel erisusi. Need juurpõhjused jagatakse viide kategooriasse – ajendid kliendist, tootest, operatiivsetest põhjustest, turust ja ajast. Teine parameeter on erinevuste hulk viisides (tegevuste järjekord, tulemuste väärtused jms) kuidas variatsioonid oma väljundit toodavad.\nKäesolevas töös esitatud meetod on valideeritud kahes praktilises juhtumiuuringus. Kui esimeses juhtumiuuringus on põhirõhk olemasolevate protsessimudelite konsolideerimisel, siis teises protsessimudelite avastamisel. Sel moel rakendatakse meetodit kahes eri kontekstis kahele üksteisest eristatud juhtumile. Mõlemas juhtumiuuringus tootis meetod protsessimudelite hulgad, milles oli liiasust kuni 50% vähem võrreldes tavapäraste meetoditega jättes samas mudelite keerukuse nendega võrreldes enamvähem samale tasemele.
Preparation of Pb-Based Ferroelectric Thin Films at Room Temperature Using Excimer-Laser-Assisted Multi-Ion-Beam Sputtering (1995)

Pb-based ferroelectric thin films of PbTiO 3 , (Pb, La)TiO 3 and Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 were fabricated on Pt/MgO and Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates using an excimer-laser-assisted multi-ion-beam sputtering technique. During the deposition at room temperature, the surface of the films was irradiated with XeCl excimer laser pulses in order to promote surface reactions. X-ray diffraction and in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction measurements demonstrated that the films with perovskite structure were epitaxially grown with preferential a -axis orientation. The prepared PZT films exhibited the dielectric constant of 248 and ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loops.
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Risk of Lung Cancer among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2006)

Results suggest that inhaled corticosteroids may have a potential role in lung cancer prevention among patients with COPD. These initial findings require confirmation in separate and larger cohorts.
A 3D Image Reconstruction Algorithm of Electrical Capacitance Tomography Based on Support Vector Machines (2009)

Electrical capacitance tomography technique (ECT) developed during the mid-late 1980's is a process tomography based on capacitance sensing principle. The forward problem is solved using the three-dimension finite element method which fitted the ECT physical model in this paper, and the inverse problem is analyzed using a new kind of machine learning method, support vector machine (SVM), based on statistical learning theory. The author designs a three-dimension (3D) image reconstruction algorithm for two-phase flow. The simulation results indicate that the algorithm has the high space resolution and generalization ability based on three-dimension finite element and combining SVM.
SemEval-2018 Task 9: Hypernym Discovery (2018)

Jose Camacho-Collados, Claudio Delli Bovi, Luis Espinosa-Anke, Sergio Oramas, Tommaso Pasini, Enrico Santus, Vered Shwartz, Roberto Navigli, Horacio Saggion. Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. 2018.
Simulated capillary blood flow measurement using a nonlinear ultrasonic contrast agent. (1991)

A system is proposed for measuring slow, small volume blood flow, such as that found in the capillary beds. The method relies on the injection of a strongly nonlinear echocardiographic contrast agent, whose echoes are then analyzed by a modified Doppler process. The contrast agent is necessary to increase the signal-to-clutter ratio from the small blood volume, and to distinguish the blood movement from other moving structures, such as vessel walls or surrounding tissue. The nonlinear properties of this saccharide-based contrast agent are described, as evidenced by experimental evaluation. The contrast agent and signal-processing modality were then tested in a blood flow simulator, at velocities as low as 1.5 mm/s, with good results. In addition, an analysis for applying this technique invivo was conducted, accounting for the dynamic and acoustic parameters of the physiological environment. Finally, some specific applications for this method are discussed, including its limitations. [Work supported by NSF and Schering AG.]
The primary and secondary structure of yeast 26S rRNA (1981)

We present the sequence of the 26S rRNA of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis as inferred from the gene sequence. The molecule is 3393 nucleotides long and consists of 48% G+C; 30 of the 43 methyl groups can be located in the sequence. Starting from the recently proposed structure of E. coli 23S rRNA (see ref. 25) we constructed a secondary structure model for yeast 26S rRNA. This structure is composed of 7 domains closed by long-range base pairings as n the bacterial counterpart. Most domains show considerable conservation of the overall structure; unpaired regions show extended sequence homology and the base-paired regions contain many compensating base pair changes. The extra length of the yeast molecule is due to a number of insertions in most of the domains, particularly in domain II. Domain VI, which is extremely conserved, is probably part of the ribosomal A site. alpha-Sarcin, which apparently inhibits the EF-1 dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, causes a cleavage between position 3025 and 3026 in a conserved loop structure, just outside domain VI. Nearly all of the located methyl groups, like in E. coli, are present in domain II, V and VI and clustered to a certain extent mainly in regions with a strongly conserved primary structure. The only three methyl groups of 26S rRNA which are introduced relatively late during the processing are found in single stranded loops in domain VI very close to positions which have been shown in E. coli 23S rRNA to be at the interface of the ribosome.
Electrical characterization of p-type N-polar and Ga-polar GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2007)

We report on Mg-doped N-polar and Ga-polar GaN films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The bis-cyclopentadienyl magnesium flow was varied from 64to640nmol∕min, for N-polar and Ga-polar samples, while other growth conditions were held constant. The sample surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy. Electrical measurements were made to determine the resistivity, specific contact resistance, carrier concentrations, mobilities, and activation energies. Finally, current-voltage measurements were used to characterize the properties of N-polar p-n diodes. Comparisons between both polarities demonstrate that p-type N-polar GaN can be grown by MOCVD with comparable properties to Ga-polar GaN.
Helper T cell differentiation enters a new era: Le Roi est mort; vive le Roi! (2006)

In the dark ages of T cell biology, we considered two fates for differentiated CD4+ T cells: T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells. Now we know that the reality is much more complex and interesting. The newest Th cell subset produces the cytokine IL-17. New evidence shows that the IL-17–related cytokine IL-25 is essential for Th2 responses in two infectious disease models.
Determination of binding kinetics using whispering gallery mode microcavities (2011)

Silica optical microcavity sensors show great promise in the kinetic evaluation of binding pairs, fundamental in understanding biomolecular interactions. Here, we develop and demonstrate a novel platform, based on bioconjugated silica microsphere resonators, to study the binding kinetics of the biotin-streptavidin system. We characterize the optical performance, verify the covalent attachment of biotin to the surface, and perform streptavidin detection experiments. We perform preliminary kinetic analysis of the detection data which shows the potential of whispering gallery mode resonators in the determination of the dissociation constant of the binding pair, which is in good agreement with previously published values.
Supra-annular aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis (2005)

Supra-annular placement of the aortic valve prosthesis is primarily used in small aortic annulus to prevent a patient-prosthesis mismatch. The most important surgical steps are: careful removal of the diseased valve including annular decalcification; assessment of the prosthesis seating to guarantee free movement of leaflets and to prevent obstruction of coronary orifices; implantation with interrupted stitches placed infra-annularly, with the prosthesis being seated in a supra-annular position. If necessary, a sub-annular resection of asymmetric septal hypertrophy should be carried out prior to placement of the prosthesis.
<title>Technologies and microstructures for separation techniques in chemical analysis</title> (1996)

The possibilities for microtechnology in chemical analysis and separation techniques are discussed. The combination of the materials and the dimensions of structures can limit the sample and waste volumes on the one hand, but also increases the performance of the chemical systems. Especially in high performance chromatography separation systems, where the separation quality is directly depending on the length to width ratio of the fluid channels, there is a large potential for applications. Novel technologies as well as demonstrator devices for different applications will be presented in this paper. Finally, a modular concept for microfluidic systems, in which these micromachined structures can be incorporated, is described and illustrated with a demonstrator.
17β-Estradiol Reduces Stroke Injury in Estrogen-Deficient Female Animals (1999)

Long-term estradiol replacement within a low physiological range ameliorates ischemic brain injury in previously ovariectomized female rats. The neuroprotective mechanism is flow-independent, not through preservation of residual ischemic regional cerebral blood flow. Furthermore, the therapeutic range is narrow, because the benefit of estrogen in transient vascular occlusion is diminished at larger doses, which yield high, but still physiologically relevant, plasma 17beta-estradiol levels. Lastly, unlike in the male brain, single-injection estrogen exposure does not salvage ischemic tissue in the female brain. Therefore, although exogenous steroid therapy protects both male and female estrogen-deficient brain, the mechanism may not be identical and depends on long-term hormone augmentation in the female.
Estimating loss rates with TCP (2003)

Estimating loss rates along a network path is a problem that has received much attention within the research community. However, deriving accurate estimates of the loss rate from TCP transfers has been largely unaddressed. In this paper, we first show that using a simple count of the number of retransmissions yields inaccurate estimates of the loss rate in many cases. The mis-estimation stems from flaws in TCP's retransmission schemes that cause the protocol to spuriously retransmit data in a number of cases. Next, we develop techniques for refining the retransmission count to produce a better loss rate estimate for both Reno and SACK variants of TCP. Finally, we explore two SACK-based variants of TCP with an eye towards reducing spurious retransmits, the root cause of the mis-estimation of the loss rate. An additional benefit of reducing the number of needless retransmits is a reduction in the amount of shared network resources used to accomplish no useful work.
Assessment of Fallopian Tube Cytology for the Diagnosis of Endometriosis and Hydrosalpinx. (2002)

Fallopian tube cytology has been used as a useful tool in the diagnosis of infertility. In this study, we developed an intra-fallopian tube cell collection method with the simultaneous use of a laparoscope and hysteroscope, and examined its safety and applicability for the diagnoses of endometriosis and hydrosalpinx. Fallopian tube cells were collected at laparoscopy and hysteroscopy from 20 volunteer patients who visited the infertility clinic. There were 10 patients with normal fallopian tubes (Group 1), 7 with pelvic endometriosis (Group 2), and 3 with hydrosalpinx (Group 3). The collected cells were fixed onto glass slides using an auto-smear method, stained by the Papanicolaou method and subjected to detailed cytomorphological examinations. In each case, an adequate number of cells with well-preserved morphology for a reliable evaluation was obtained. Cells from normal fallopian tubes were mainly fallopian tube epithelial cells including ciliated columnar cells and secretory cells. The number of inflammatory cells was quite low. A characteristic feature in cases with pelvic endometriosis was the presence of a large number of macrophages, some of which showed hemosiderin phagocytosis. In contrast, cases with hydrosalpinx showed an extremely low cellular component. No complications were found in any of the patients. Our study indicates that the present intra-fallopian tube cell collection method using a laparoscope and hysteroscope is a reliable and safe method that can be applied to the diagnosis of endometriosis, hydrosalpinx, as well as pelvic infertility.
Ultra-sensitive liquid biopsy of circulating extracellular vesicles using ExoScreen (2014)

Cancer cells secrete small membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs) into their microenvironment and circulation. Although their potential as cancer biomarkers has been promising, the identification and quantification of EVs in clinical samples remains challenging. Here we describe a sensitive and rapid analytical technique for profiling circulating EVs directly from blood samples of patients with colorectal cancer. EVs are captured by two types of antibodies and are detected by photosensitizer-beads, which enables us to detect cancer-derived EVs without a purification step. We also show that circulating EVs can be used for detection of colorectal cancer using the antigen CD147, which is embedded in cancer-linked EVs. This work describes a new liquid biopsy technique to sensitively detect disease-specific circulating EVs and provides perspectives in translational medicine from the standpoint of diagnosis and therapy.
Promoting competition in mobile payments : the role of USSD (2015)

Mobile network operators (MNOs) such as Safaricom in Kenya; Vodacom, Tigo, and Airtel in Tanzania; and Econet in Zimbabwe are collectively underscoring the importance and potential of MNO-led business models to advance financial inclusion. In each of these markets, and in a number of others, where MNOs are able to effectively compete in the provision of mobile financial services (MFS), there are more registered mobile wallets than bank accounts. And in each of these markets mobile payment platforms are being leveraged to offer other financial services such as savings and credit at scale.