gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRI assessment of cartilage ultrastructure (2006)

In T2-weighted MRI images joint cartilage can appear laminated. The multilaminar appearance is visualized as zones of different intensity. This appearance is based on the dipolar interaction of water molecules within cartilage zones of different collageneous network structures. Therefore, the MR visualization of zones of anisotropic arrangement of the collagen fibers depends upon their orientation to the static magnetic field (magic-angle effect). The aim of this article is to demonstrate the potential of high-resolution MRI for characterizing cartilage network structuring and biomechanical properties. Information equivalent to that from polarization light microscopy can be derived noninvasively. Based on NMR microscopic (microMRI) data, potential new possibilities of MRI for quantitative assessment of collagen structuring and intracartilagenous load distribution are presented. These methods use MR intensity angle dependence and load influence on cartilage visualization. Alternatively to the determination of mechanical parameters from cartilage deformation, it is demonstrated that stress distribution and biomechanical properties can be derived in principle from the local intensity variation of anisotropic fiber orientation zones. The limitations with respect to a clinical application of the proposed methods are discussed.
MULTVALENCY: STRENGTH IN NUMBERS (2000)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMULTVALENCY: STRENGTH IN NUMBERSEnormous affinity enhancements afforded by multivalent binding may have implications for drug designSTU BORMANView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 41, 48–53Publication Date (Print):October 9, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 9 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n041.p048https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n041.p048newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Receptors,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Reversal of muscle differentiation during urodele limb regeneration. (1993)

Recent studies suggest that maintenance of the differentiated state requires continuous regulation. Limb regeneration in urodele amphibians provides a context in which to address this issue, as limb regeneration may involve the dedifferentiation of multinucleate myotubes to yield mononucleate blastemal cells, which then proliferate and contribute to regenerate tissues. To evaluate this possibility, cultured newt limb myotubes were selectively microinjected with the lineage tracer rhodamine-dextran and introduced into regenerating limbs. In culture, such labeled myotubes were stable after 6-8 weeks, and transfer of the tracer to mononucleate cells was not observed. In contrast, after implantation of labeled myotubes under the wound epidermis of limb blastemas, strongly labeled mononucleate cells were observed after 1 week. These cells could be double-labeled with the cytoplasmic lineage tracer and [3H]thymidine that had been incorporated into the nuclei of implanted myotubes. The number of labeled mononucleate cells increased significantly by 2-3 weeks after implantation, indicating that these cells proliferated. Although the fate of these cells at later times was uncertain, we provide evidence consistent with their subsequent differentiation. These results demonstrate reversal in the mononucleate-to-multinucleate transition of vertebrate myogenesis.
Optical transistors and bistable devices utilizing nonlinear transmission of light in systems with undirectional coupled waves (1982)

An analysis is made of nonlinear transmission (self-switching, self-modulation) of light in tunnel-coupled cubically nonlinear waveguides and other optical systems carrying unidirectional waves with a distributed coupling which become separated at the exit from a system if at least one of the waves travels in a medium with a cubic (Kerr) susceptibility. Optical transistors and bistable devices based on these systems are considered. The threshold energy of bistable devices based on coupled GaAs waveguides is ~10−10–10−9 J.
An optimised protocol for isolation of RNA from small sections of laser-capture microdissected FFPE tissue amenable for next-generation sequencing (2017)

We present a successful isolation protocol for extraction of RNA from difficult and limiting FFPE tissue samples that enables successful analysis of small sections of clinically relevant specimen. The possibility to study gene expression signatures in specific small sections of archival FFPE tissue, which often entail large amounts of highly relevant clinical follow-up data, unlocks a new dimension of hitherto difficult-to-analyse samples which now become amenable for investigation.
Nanomagnet-Based Physically Unclonable Functions (2018)

Physically unclonable functions are physical entities or devices that generate unique, unpredictable responses to inputs. They are important in many security applications, including encryption, authentication, anti-counterfeiting, etc. Physical unclonable functions are based on the unavoidable randomness in the manufacturing processes and are impossible to duplicate, even by the original manufacturer. In this project, we studied the feasibility of using hardened SmCo nanomagnets as the physical implementation of physically unclonable functions. Hardened SmCo nano-magnets were fabricated through a lift-off process as well as an etch-back process. The magnetization of these nano-magnets was mapped out as a function of shapes, dimensions, and processing conditions, using magnetic force microscopy. A systematic, uncontrolled bias in the polarity was identified. Attempts to mitigate this bias were made but were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, we found in the process that blanket SmCo films themselves may serve as the desired physically unclonable functions.
A functional and performance comparison of NETBIOS and APPC/PC (2003)

The purpose of this study was to gather empirical performance data in order to help design and develop distributed systems. In particular, the authors were interested in peer-to-peer processing capabilities in support of such applications as real-time control and transaction processing services. They evaluated the processing to perform these capabilities, the complexity in interfacing to the protocol, and parameters such as buffer sizes which impact performance. The basic approach taken in the study was to develop a network testbed and perform a series of benchmarks on the protocols. The IEEE 802.5 token ring local area network (LAN) was chosen for the testbed. An overview and functional comparison of the two protocols are presented. The complexity of the software required to interface an application to these communications protocols is described and evaluated. The performance tests are described and their results are interpreted. The results provide an understanding of the services provided by these protocols, the software complexity of interfacing them, and quantitative measures of their performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Markets for Technology (2016)

Trade in disembodied technology – the market for technology – has become common, giving firms more strategic options as they can buy, sell and use their technologies internally. At the industry level, this encourages a division of innovative labour between firms with a comparative advantage in the generation of innovation and those better at the development and commercialization of innovations. Technology trade depends upon institutions, demand conditions and the internal organization of firms. Whether markets for technology will thrive is unclear, as is whether strategic patenting will affect their development.
Externalizing Virtually Perceived Spatial Cognitive Maps (2008)

Cognitive maps are cartographic illustrations of a person's internal representation of the spatial environment in which they live. All of us do form and use cognitive maps, whether in real or virtual space, to deal with and process the information contained in the surrounding environment. Cognitive maps help in visualizing the positional and location details and also the route map for reaching the destination from the current location. Quality of such visualizations directly depends on the quality of the cognitive maps. Thus a human being's spatial behavior relies upon, and is determined by the individual's cognitive map of the surrounding environment. One major deprivation in the life of visually impaired and the blind people is the access to information and visualization, as a result of which navigation and orientation ability as well as the ability to perceive surrounding environment reduces. This paper describes a technique and related experiments for acquisition of spatial knowledge (and thereby development of cognitive maps) of a building or a locality by visually impaired and the blind people through training in computer-simulated (virtual) environments. These might be places such as a school, a university campus or a shopping center. Our system allows them to navigate virtually and is able to record navigation path of participants. An algorithm is also presented for finding optimal path between places using boundary relation heuristic. Special emphasis is placed on online assessment (using various statistical measures) of cognitive maps formed by participants after walking through virtual environments. Preliminary results indicate that (1) bi-dimensional regression analysis is more useful than other methods to assess the configural relations between cognitive and actual maps and (2) most of participants were able to create precise cognitive maps after getting trained in virtual environments.
A two-stage perfusion fibrous bed bioreactor system for mass production of embryonic stem cells (2008)

The two-stage process can produce billions of ESCs in a small bioreactor without using ECM proteins and growth factors, and is promising for further scale-up for clinical applications.
Intracellular transport of herpes simplex virus gD occurs more rapidly in uninfected cells than in infected cells (1985)

A mouse L cell line which expresses the herpex simplex virus type 1 immediate-early polypeptides ICP4 and ICP47 was cotransfected with a cloned copy of the BglII L fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2, which includes the gene for gD, and the plasmid pSV2neo, which contains the aminoglycosyl 3'-phosphotransferase (agpt) gene conferring resistance to the antibiotic G418. A G418-resistant transformed cell line was isolated which expressed herpes simplex virus type 2 gD at higher levels than were found in infected cells. The intracellular transport and processing of gD was compared in transformed and infected cells. In the transformed Z4/6 cells gD was rapidly processed and transported to the cell surface; in contrast, the processing and cell surface appearance of gD in infected parental Z4 cells occurred at a much slower rate, and gD accumulated in nuclear membrane to a greater extent. Thus, the movement of HSV-2 gD to the cell surface in infected cells is retarded as viral glycoproteins accumulate in the nuclear envelope, probably because they interact with other viral structural components.
Activation of an Enhancerless Gene by Chromosomal Integration (1986)

Expression of enhancerless (E-) and enhancer-containing (E+) genes that are chromosomally integrated was examined. An E- plasmid (pE-cat) containing a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene linked to the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter or its E+ counterpart plasmid (pE+-cat) containing the SV40 enhancer was cotransfected into thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient L cells with a cloned tk gene. A number of TK+ transformants were isolated, and expression of the cointegrated cat gene in these cell lines was quantitatively determined by the assay of CAT activity. The results indicated unexpectedly that the E- cat gene was as actively expressed as the E+ cat gene. Analysis of CAT mRNA by primer extension indicated that the E- cat gene, as well as the E+ cat gene, was transcribed from the "native" initiation site contained in the SV40 early promoter region. The active expression of the E- cat gene was maintained in secondary TK+ transformants that arose by transfection with genomic DNA from the primary transformant. These results suggest that expression of the integrated E- cat gene is activated by endogenous enhancer elements.
X-ray imaging of tumor growth in live mice by detecting gold-nanoparticle-loaded cells (2012)

We show that sufficient concentrations of gold nanoparticles produced by an original synthesis method in EMT-6 and CT-26 cancer cells make it possible to detect the presence, necrosis and proliferation of such cells after inoculation in live mice. We first demonstrated that the nanoparticles do not interfere with the proliferation process. Then, we observed significant differences in the tumor evolution and the angiogenesis process after shallow and deep inoculation. A direct comparison with pathology optical images illustrates the effectiveness of this approach.
A novel precursor ion discovery method on a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer for studying protein phosphorylation (2002)

A tandem quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer has been programmed such that phosphorylated peptides can automatically be discovered and identified in a way similar to that of the use of precursor ion or neutral loss scanning, but without the need to scan the quadrupole mass filter. Instead, the method capitalizes on the innate capability of the Q-TOF to record mass spectra and product ion spectra quickly, with good sensitivity and with good mass accuracy. Alternate mass spectra, with and without fragmentation, are recorded at high and low collision energy with the quadrupole operating in wideband mode. The method of analysis is both compatible with and dependant on liquid chromatography for separation of complex mixtures. The method has been demonstrated by searching for the neutral loss of 98 Da (H3PO4) from phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues, or for the phosphorylated immonium ion at m/z 216 from phosphotyrosine. The method also incorporates acquisition of the product ion spectrum from any candidate precursor ions, thereby allowing confirmation of the neutral loss or product ion and providing additional sequence information to assist identification of the protein and assign the site of phosphorylation.
Doubly labeled water analysis using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (2010)

The doubly labeled water method provides an objective and accurate measure of total energy expenditure in free-living subjects and is considered the gold-standard method for this measurement. Its use, however, is limited by the need to employ isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to obtain the high-precision isotopic abundance analyses needed to optimize the dose of expensive (18) O-labeled water. Recently, cavity-ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) instruments have become commercially available and may serve as a less expensive alternative to IRMS. We compared the precision and accuracy of CRDS with those of IRMS for the measurement of total energy expenditure from urine specimens in 14 human subjects. The relative accuracy and precision (SD) for total body water was 0.5 ± 1% and for total energy expenditure was 0.5 ± 6%. The CRDS instrument displayed a memory between successive specimens of 5% for (18) O and 9% for (2) H. The memory necessitated carefully ordering of specimens to reduce isotopic disparity, performance of several injections of each specimen to condition the analyzer, and use of a mathematical memory correction on subsequent injections. These limited the specimen throughput to about one urine specimen per hour. CRDS provided accuracy and precision for isotope abundance measurements of urine that were comparable with those of IRMS. The memory problems were easily recognized by our experienced laboratory staff, but future efforts should be aimed at reducing the memory of the CRDS so that it would be less likely to result in poor reproducibility in laboratories using doubly labeled water for the first time.
Rating cooperative driving: A scheme for behavior assessment (2017)

The potential of cooperative automated driving to increase traffic flow efficiency and safety has awakened broad interest. Although research in this field is increasing and algorithms are varied, existing literature lacks an accepted taxonomy of cooperative automated driving and cooperative driving systems remain unrated. This paper introduces a novel structure to make cooperative automated driving rateable and further classifies existing works on cooperative behavior. The novel structure and the benefits of different cooperation modes are illustrated by several use cases.
The Use of Stable Isotope Labeling and Liquid Chromatography--Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques To Simultaneously Determine the Oral and Ophthalmic Bioavailability of Timolol in Dogs (1998)

Assays have been established for the quantitation of timolol and its 13C3- and 2H9-stable-isotope-labeled analogs in plasma and urine using liquid chromatography with atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization tandem mass spectrometry. For the analysis of urine, underivatized timolol and its labeled analogs are monitored while timolol in plasma is assayed down to concentrations of 0.2 ng/mL after derivatization with phosgene. The great power of this technique is illustrated by simultaneously assaying three different species of timolol in plasma and urine obtained from dogs receiving simultaneous ophthalmic, oral, and intravenous doses of unlabeled and [2H9]- and [13C3]-labeled timolol. Thus, the ophthalmic and oral bioavailabilities of timolol are measured in a single experiment rather than as a three-phase crossover experiment. This approach yields accurate and precise analytical data, obviates intrasubject variability, and saves both analytical and animal resources.
Disinfection of selected <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. using ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (2004)

These results may not be directly correlated to the effect of UVGI on airborne fungal spores, but they indicate that current technology may not be efficacious as a supplement to ventilation unless it can provide higher doses of UVGI to kill spores traveling through the irradiated zone.
Intent Based Utterance Segmentation for Multi IntentNLU (2019)

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. August 2019. Major: Computer Science. Advisors: Joseph Konstan, Serguei Pakhomov. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 36 pages.
The synthetic instructor: Implementation for Web-based electronic performance support systems (2007)

Electronic performance support systems (EPSS) can accommodate disparate learner knowledge, experiences, and methods of comprehension. However, learners may have ineffective cognitive strategies for using an EPSS environment. The solution described in this article is applied to a Web-based EPSS that has a simulation core. As the learner works in the environment, a “synthetic instructor” continuously collects information to adapt activities, resources, and representations. It uses critical incidents, which trigger within scenarios that mimic real-world performance objectives.
Miniaturized hair-pin resonator filters and their applications to receiver front-end MICs (2003)

The authors describe newly developed miniaturized hair-pin resonator filters suitable for microwave integrated circuits (MICs). The size of the experimental filters has been reduced to one-half that of the conventional hair-pin resonator filter without increasing insertion losses. Trial receiver front-end MICs using these filters have been developed and have shown good characteristics, such as low noise and a high image suppression ratio. It is concluded that these miniaturized filters are suitable for use in mobile radio equipment in the L- and S-bands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The anaerobic life of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: Cloning of the genes encoding the respiratory nitrate reductase system (1995)

The Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis, generally regarded as an aerobe, grows under strict anaerobic conditions using nitrate as an electron acceptor and should be designated as a facultative anaerobe. Growth experiments demonstrated a lag phase of 24 to 36 hours after the shift from aerobic, to the onset of anaerobic respiratory growth. Anaerobically adapted cells grew without further lag phase after their transfer to fresh anaerobic growth medium. The cells change their morphology from rods to longer filament-like structures when moved from aerobic to anaerobic respiratory growth conditions. Surprisingly, anaerobically grown B. subtilis lost the capacity for sporulation. An investigation of the molecular basis of the switch between aerobic and anaerobic growth was initiated by the cloning of the genes encoding the respiratory nitrate reductase from B. subtilis. Oligonucleotides deduced from conserved amino acid sequence regions of eubacterial respiratory nitrate reductases and related enzymes were used for the isolation of the genes. Four open reading frames with significant homology to the E. coli respiratory nitrate reductase operons (narGHIJ, narZYWV) were isolated and termed narGHJI. A chromosomal knock-out mutation of the B. subtilis nar operon totally abolished nitrate respiration.
Resveratrol attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress in coronary arterial endothelial cells (2009)

The production of hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a key event in the development of diabetic complications. Because resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, has been reported to confer vasoprotection, improving endothelial function and preventing complications of diabetes, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on mtROS production in cultured human coronary arterial endothelial cells (CAECs). The measurement of MitoSox fluorescence showed that resveratrol attenuates both steady-state and high glucose (30 mM)-induced mtROS production in CAECs, an effect that was prevented by the knockdown of the protein deacetylase silent information regulator 2/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an intracellular target of resveratrol. An overexpression of SIRT1 mimicked the effects of resveratrol, attenuating mtROS production. Similar results were obtained in CAECs transfected with mitochondria-targeted H(2)O(2)-sensitive HyPer-Mito fluorescent sensor. Amplex red assay showed that resveratrol and SIRT1 overexpression significantly reduced cellular H(2)O(2) levels as well. Resveratrol upregulated MnSOD expression and increased cellular GSH content in a concentration-dependent manner (measured by HPLC coulometric analysis). These effects were attenuated by SIRT1 knockdown and mimicked by SIRT1 overexpression. We propose that resveratrol, via a pathway that involves the activation of SIRT1 and the upregulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms, attenuates mtROS production, suggesting the potential for new treatment approaches targeting endothelial mitochondria in metabolic diseases.