gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA-Seq Analysis of Human Trigeminal and Dorsal Root Ganglia with a Focus on Chemoreceptors (2015)

The chemosensory capacity of the somatosensory system relies on the appropriate expression of chemoreceptors, which detect chemical stimuli and transduce sensory information into cellular signals. Knowledge of the complete repertoire of the chemoreceptors expressed in human sensory ganglia is lacking. This study employed the next-generation sequencing technique (RNA-Seq) to conduct the first expression analysis of human trigeminal ganglia (TG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We analyzed the data with a focus on G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels, which are (potentially) involved in chemosensation by somatosensory neurons in the human TG and DRG. For years, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been considered the main group of receptors for chemosensation in the trigeminal system. Interestingly, we could show that sensory ganglia also express a panel of different olfactory receptors (ORs) with putative chemosensory function. To characterize OR expression in more detail, we performed microarray, semi-quantitative RT-PCR experiments, and immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, we analyzed the expression data to identify further known or putative classes of chemoreceptors in the human TG and DRG. Our results give an overview of the major classes of chemoreceptors expressed in the human TG and DRG and provide the basis for a broader understanding of the reception of chemical cues.
Peculiar Mechanism of Solubilization of a Sparingly Water Soluble Drug into Polymeric Micelles. Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies (2012)

Complementary kinetic and equilibrium studies on the solubilization process of the sparingly water soluble tamoxifen (TAM) drug in polymeric aqueous solutions have been performed by using the spectrophotometric method. In particular, the amphiphilic copolymers obtained by derivatization of polymeric chain of poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-dl-aspartamide, PHEA, with poly(ethylene glycol)s, PEG (2000 or 5000 Da), and/or hexadecylamine chain, C16, namely PHEA-PEG2000-C16, PHEA-PEG5000-C16, PHEA-C16, have been employed. Preliminary to the kinetic and equilibrium data quantitative treatment, the molar absorption coefficient of TAM in polymeric micelle aqueous solution has been determined. By these studies the solubization sites of TAM into the polymeric micelles have been determined and the solubilization mechanism has been elucidated through a nonconventional approach by considering the TAM partitioned between three pseudophases, i.e., the aqueous pseudophase, the hydrophilic corona, and the hydrophobic core. The simultaneous solution of the rate laws associated with each step of the proposed mechanism allowed the calculation of the rate constants associated with the involved processes, the values of which are independent of both the copolymer concentration and nature, with the exception of the rate of the TAM transfer from the corona to the core. This has been attributed to the steric barrier, represented by the corona, which hampers the solubilization into the core. The binding constant values of the TAM to the hydrophilic corona of the polymeric micelles, calculated through the quantitative analysis of the equilibrium data, depend on the thickness of the hydrophilic headgroup, while those of the hydrophobic core are almost independent of the copolymer type. Further confirmation to the proposed solubilization mechanism has been provided by performing the kinetic and equilibrium measurements in the presence of PHEA-PEG2000 and PHEA-PEG5000 copolymers.
Pseudocomponent model for prediction of molecular weight distribution of pyrolysis liquids generated at slow and rapid heating rate reactors (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPseudocomponent model for prediction of molecular weight distribution of pyrolysis liquids generated at slow and rapid heating rate reactorsM. Rashid Khan and K. Hemanth KumarCite this: Energy Fuels 1989, 3, 3, 312–315Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00015a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00015a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fourier-transform surface enhanced Raman scattering studies of molecular self-assembly of disulfides on metals and the application in adhesion promotion (1995)

The adsorption and molecular orientation of phenyl disulfide and 4-aminophenyl disulfide on silver surface has been investigated by the use of Fourier transform (FT) surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). There is a concentration dependence of the molecular orientation of adsorbed disulfides on silver surface. Disulfides could be adsorbed on Ag surface as self-assembled, well oriented monolayers from a very dilute solution. The amino group exposed outwards on the 4-aminophenyl disulfide adsorbed on metal can take part in chemical reactions with epoxy group. Modification at the interface has been achieved for polymer/metal systems by using 4-aminophenyl disulfide as a coupling agent, resulting in adhesion promotion.
Dual-basis-material decomposition for dual-kVp cone-beam CT breast imaging (2005)

The image contrast among tumor tissue and non-tumor tissue in a breast volume reconstructed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) breast imaging is usually very small. Striving for contrast enhancement by exploiting the energy dependent x-ray attenuation, we herein report a dual-kVp CBCT breast imaging modality. Based on dual-kVp conebeam scan and dual-basis-material decomposition, we represent breast tissues in a two-feature space that is spanned by two basis material functions. Though linear independent, the basis material functions are partially correlated or nonorthogonal. Therefore, the dual-material-equivalent decomposition is essentially a sort of non-orthogonal expansion, which is more useful for material classification than for quantitative measurement. On the other hand, the curse of dimensionality discourages high-dimensional feature space that may be spanned by using more basis material functions. For optimizing the material space, we suggest the use of two material spaces (different in basis functions). The first material space is spanned by {bone, polyethene}, which covers a wide range of x-ray attenuation, from calcification to soft tissue. The second material space is spanned by {teflon, fat}, which covers a small range, suitable for low-contrast soft tissue discrimination. Based on x-ray energy-dependent attenuation of materials and x-ray spectra, we simulated the dual-kVp CBCT breast imaging modality with pre-reconstruction scheme, thereby showing the feasibility for image contrast enhancement by dual-kVp technique. With the test materials: breast tissue, water, and soft tissue, the simulation showed that the dual-kVp technique could double the image contrast in this particular case. Through experiment with our CBCT prototype, we demonstrated dual-kVp volume subtraction, showing the energy-dependent x-ray attenuation.
The use of the simulation results as a priori information to solve the inverse problem of electrocardiography for a patient (2005)

In the present work the epicardial potential distribution for an individual patient provided by the solution of the linear inverse problem of electrocardiography are shown. To obtain the solution, the Twomey regularization as well as the stochastic regularization were used. Both methods require a priori estimations. These estimations were provided by means of simulation of the cardiac activity on a personalized electrophysiological model of the patient. To estimate the quality of the results provided by each method, the inverse problem was solved with the simulated ECG, the solution being compared with the epicardial potentials obtained from the simulation. Twomey regularization tends to provide the better correspondence than the conventional Tikhonov 0-order regularization. The stochastic regularization provides the best correspondence with the reference data, being the most time-consuming of all the methods under consideration. Solving the inverse problem of electrocardiography provides a physician with the useful information about the electrophysiological processes in the heart of a patient
Integrins engage mitochondrial function for signal transduction by a mechanism dependent on Rho GTPases (2002)

We show here the transient activation of the small GTPase Rac, followed by a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as necessary early steps in a signal transduction cascade that lead to NFkappaB activation and collagenase-1 (CL-1)/matrix metalloproteinase-1 production after integrin-mediated cell shape changes. We show evidence indicating that this constitutes a new mechanism for ROS production mediated by small GTPases. Activated RhoA also induced ROS production and up-regulated CL-1 expression. A Rac mutant (L37) that prevents reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton prevented integrin-induced CL-1 expression, whereas mutations that abrogate Rac binding to the neutrophil NADPH membrane oxidase in vitro (H26 and N130) did not. Instead, ROS were produced by integrin-induced changes in mitochondrial function, which were inhibited by Bcl-2 and involved transient membrane potential loss. The cells showing this transient decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential were already committed to CL-1 expression. These results unveil a new molecular mechanism of signal transduction triggered by integrin engagement where a global mitochondrial metabolic response leads to gene expression rather than apoptosis.
Efficient Analysis of Large-Scale Power Grids Based on a Compact Cholesky Factorization (2007)

We present fast algorithms for the DC and transient analyses of large-scale power grids. We reveal a compact Cholesky factorization for the coefficient matrix of the system of linear equations encountered in power grid analysis problems. By exploiting this compact structure, we obtain techniques for fast matrix inversion and matrix-vector multiplication. This new method takes full advantage of the special structure of power grids. Experimental results show that our method is more than hundred times faster for DC analysis and around ten times faster for transient simulation compared to Hspice, with these gains continuing to increase with problem size
Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster with an applied field based on the second generation high-temperature superconductors (2020)

Abstract The present work reports the results of the magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster with an applied field (AF) based on the second-generation high-temperature superconductor (2G HTS) tape functioning research. Achieved thrust, specific impulse, and efficiency were investigated. Experiments were performed on the 25-kW magnetoplasmadynamic thruster model with two types of 10-mm and 17-mm cathodes. The investigation tests were performed with the goal of studying the efficiency of using 2G HTS tape as electromagnetic coils creating applied field for MPD thruster. The used as the applied magnetic field for thruster 2G HTS coil creates magnetic field up to 1 Tesla. The results showed that the thrust and specific impulse with HTSC applied field increases up to 300% and efficiency increases up to 700%. The best achieved results are following: thrust up to 850 mN, specific impulse up to 3840 s, and efficiency up to 54%. Created MPD thruster with HTSC applied field has a resource of 5400 s work total with all the cathodes, more than 150 launches, and single continuous launch up to 140 seconds. The experiments performed show the high efficiency of using the 2G HTS tape as the material for the electromagnetic coils creating applied field for magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters. Strong applied field up to 1 T electromagnetic coils were maid of the 2G HTS tape by SuperOx own production facilities.
Interferometric-type polarisation splitter on Z-propagating LiNbO <sub>3</sub> :Ti (1990)

A new optical waveguide TE-TM mode-splitter realised on X-cut, Z-propagating lithium niobate is reported. At 1.52 μm, the device exhibits extinction ratios better than 18 dB for applied voltages lower than 20 V, and can be used as a polarisation switch.
Critical role of PPARγ in myeloid-derived suppressor cell-stimulated cancer cell proliferation and metastasis (2016)

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a key enzyme controlling neutral lipid metabolic signaling in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs from LAL-deficient (lal-/-) mice directly stimulate cancer cell proliferation. PPARγ ligand treatment inhibited lal-/- MDSCs stimulation of tumor cell growth and metastasis in vivo, and tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, PPARγ ligand treatment impaired lal-/- MDSCs transendothelial migration, and differentiation from lineage-negative cells. The corrective effects of PPARγ ligand on lal-/- MDSCs functions were mediated by regulating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and subsequently blocking MDSCs ROS overproduction. Furthermore, in the myeloid-specific dominant-negative PPARγ (dnPPARγ) overexpression bitransgenic mouse model, tumor growth and metastasis were enhanced, and MDSCs from these mice stimulated tumor cell proliferation and migration. MDSCs with dnPPARγ overexpression showed increased transendothelial migration, overactivation of the mTOR pathway, and ROS overproduction. These results indicate that PPARγ plays a critical role in neutral lipid metabolic signaling controlled by LAL, which provides a mechanistic basis for clinically targeting MDSCs to reduce the risk of cancer proliferation, growth and metastasis.
Effect of casein micelle composition and casein dephosphorylation on coagulation and syneresis (1986)

SUMMARY The effect of varying the casein composition of artificial micelle milk on rennet coagulation time and syneresis was examined in order to determine whether either of these processes is dependent on the concentration of particular casein components. It was found that the levels of κ-and β-caseins had a significant effect on coagulation, whereas syneresis was only affected by the level of β-casein. Partial dephosphorylation of preformed micelles or the incorporation of dephosphorylated or partly dephosphorylated β-casein into artificial micelle milk was found to have an adverse effect on both coagulation and syneresis. It was concluded that the phosphate groups of casein, particularly those of β-casein, are directly involved in the micelle-micelle interactions which occur during coagulation and syneresis.
Evaluation of a Fluorinated 2-Nitroimidazole Binding to Hypoxic Cells in Tumor-Bearing Rats by 19 F Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Immunohistochemistry (1992)

We have examined a hexafluorinated 2-nitroimidazole, CCI-103F, as a probe for hypoxic tumor cells by in vivo 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Following initial intraperitoneal injections of the drug in tumor-bearing (Dunning R3327-AT1-Matlylu) rats, 19F spectra were obtained on an Otsuka 2.0T Vivospec spectrometer using a 1.5-cm surface coil. Signal at 1- and 2-h time points indicated initial biodistribution of drug in the tumor. At 4 and 8 h, a progressive increase in signal intensity was observed, indicating retention of drug within the tumor. Tumor signal remained detectable in 4 of 10 rats at 24 h, indicating possible nitroreductive bioactivation by hypoxic cells. Immunohistochemistry of these tumors revealed a staining pattern consistent with labeling of hypoxic cells. No detectable 19F signal was found at 24 h for the other rats, indicating complete washout of unbound drug. Immunohistochemical assessment of these tumors revealed some staining for bound drug at the periphery of necrotic zones. 31P-MRS of the tumors showed good correlation with the presence or absence of hypoxia as evaluated by 19F-MRS, T1- and T2-weighted images, and immunohistochemistry. These results provide the groundwork for further studies using this misonidazole analog for noninvasive identification of hypoxic tumor cells in vivo by MRS.
The Santa Barbara Indians (2009)

During the course of his pioneering involvement with California archaeology, Stephen Bowers wrote a number of brief essays (in often somewhat obscure venues) on the prehistory and Native American inhabitants of the Santa Barbara region. These essays can occasionally seem repetitious to the modern reader, since Bowers was fond of using particular phrases or even entire paragraphs more than once, and the same wording and examples can be found in various combinations in manuscripts often separated by many years. The unpublished manuscript presented here (which was written in 1897, well after Bowersâ period of active involvement in archaeology) is no exception, in that it contains some of the same material found in other, recently published Bowers writings (see particularly Appendix B of Arlene Bensonâs the Noontide Sun: the Field Journals of the Reverend Stephen Bowers, Pioneer California Archaeologist [Ballena Press, 1997]). However, it also contains previously unpublished information that is unique, signi cant, and still germane to contemporary discussions of Chumash social organization. The manuscript (Southwest Museum Ms. 532, Folder 19) is reproduced here through the courtesy of the Braun Research Library, Autrey National Center of the American West, Los Angeles.
GCI-DCSK: Generalized Carrier Index Differential Chaos Shift Keying Modulation (2019)

A carrier index differential chaos shift keying (CI-DCSK) modulation has been proposed to improve BER performance, spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) compared to traditional DCSK. CI-DCSK employs a one-to-one mapping between the index symbols and the carrier activation patterns, which limits the numbers of both index carriers and index bits. In this letter, a generalized carrier index differential chaos shift keying (GCI-DCSK) modulation is proposed, which extends the aforementioned CI-DCSK by employing the combinatorial method to index selector and index demapper, where the numbers of both index carriers and index bits are arbitrarily adjustable. Theoretical bit error rate (BER) expressions over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channels are derived. It is shown that GCI-DCSK can flexibly provide red the desired performance, EE, and SE compared to CI-DCSK, commutation code index DCSK (CCI-DCSK) and permutation index DCSK (PI-DCSK). Besides, in some cases, GCI-DCSK can provide higher SE, larger EE and better error performance than multicarrier DCSK (MC-DCSK) with the same bandwidth.
Temperature-induced phase-transitions of methoxyoligo(oxyethylene) styrene-based block copolymers in aqueous solution (2013)

Novel well-defined diblock copolymers based upon styrene substituted with pendant methoxyoligo(oxyethylene) groups (4-CH3O(EO)4St, TrEGS) were prepared by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization. Polystyrene (PS) was synthesized as the first block in the copolymer using (1-bromoethyl)benzene as the initiator. This was followed by growth of a second block composed of PTrEGS. Each copolymer exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solution, and the LCST depends on the length of the PTrEGS block and the copolymer composition. Longer PTrEGS chains result in higher LCST values in aqueous solutions. The cloud points (Tcs) of PS-b-PTrEGS copolymers are lower than that of PTrEGS homopolymer as determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. Variable-temperature NMR spectra show that the intensity of proton signals from oxyethylene groups dramatically decreases at temperatures above the cloud point, indicating phase transition due to hydrogen bonding changes. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements indicate that micelles are formed, where the PS backbone serves as the core at 25 °C. Each of these block copolymer solutions transformed from transparent bluish solutions to white gels above certain concentrations (≥10 wt%) and temperatures (lower critical gelation temperature, LCGT). The gelation process is thermally reversible, implying physical crosslinking through hydrophobic interactions.
Immunophenotyping (1997)

This unit presents basic techniques for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, direct using a conjugated monoclonal antibody and indirect using an unconjugated primary antibody followed by a conjugated secondary antibody. Combinations of these methods are described for two-, three-, and four-color staining. Analysis of data acquired from cells stained by these procedures is detailed. A procedure is given for the detection of the location of nonviable cells so that they can be gated out of the analysis.
Wearable Augmented Reality System Using Invisible Visual Markers and an IR Camera (2005)

This paper describes a wearable augmented reality (AR) system using invisible visual markers. Some AR systems use visual markers in order to measure the position and orientation of user's viewpoint. However, conventional visual markers usually impair the scenery. This paper proposes a system using invisible visual markers consisting of translucent retro-reflectors. The system can be realized without undesirable visual effects and power supply for infrastructures.
Manganese superoxide dismutase and aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency increase mitochondrial oxidative stress and aggravate age-dependent vascular dysfunction (2008)

The correlation between mtROS formation and acetylcholine-dependent relaxation revealed that mitochondrial radical formation significantly contributes to age-dependent endothelial dysfunction.
Monolithic two-section GaInAsP/InP active-optical-resonator devices formed by reactive ion etching (1981)

Narrow, high-aspect-ratio grooves formed by reactive ion etching (RIE) are shown to be useful as partially transmissive mirrors for coupled active laser-detector, laser-modulator, and laser-etalon two-section monolithic devices. Results emphasize control of the longitudinal mode spectrum by active etalon action.