gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple, rapid and efficient method for the extraction of genomic DNA from lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) (2004)

A simple, rapid and efficient method for isolating genomic DNA from lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) was developed. This modified CTAB protocol include the use of 2 M NaCl, PVP, 5% mercaptoethanol and 80% ethanol in the extraction as well as reducing the centrifugation times during the separation and precipitation of the DNA. Isolated genomic DNA showed high purity and high quantity following restriction digestion analysis.   Key words: Litchi chinensis, genomic DNA isolation.
Interoperability between a rule-based database language and an object-oriented database language (2002)

A general framework is given for achieving interoperability between two database languages based respectively on a rule-based and an object-oriented paradigm. Interoperability is obtained, offering at the language level two primitives which allow making 'visible' a portion of the schema and the corresponding data from one paradigm to another. These primitives are supported by the extensible knowledge base management system which is under development in the ESPRIT-II project STRETCH.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<b>The adjuvant effect of a non‐toxic mutant of heat‐labile enterotoxin of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for the induction of measles virus‐specific CTL responses after intranasal co‐immunization with a synthetic peptide</b> (1996)

The intranasal route has been shown to be effective for immunization. However, immunization via this route may require the use of potent and safe adjuvant. The construction of non-toxic mutants of heat labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), which is a potent mucosal adjuvant, is a major breakthrough for the development of mucosal vaccines. In this study we have assessed the ability of an LT mutant (LTK63) to act as an adjuvant following intranasal co-immunization with a peptide corresponding to a measles virus cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope. LTK63 was more effective at potentiating the in vivo induction of peptide-specific and measles virus-specific CTL responses than was administration of the peptide in saline. A concentration of 10 micrograms/dose of LTK63 was found to be the most effective in potentiating the in vivo priming of peptide-specific and measles virus-specific CTL responses. These findings highlight the potential of the non-toxic mutant of LT as a safe mucosal adjuvant for use in humans.
Long-term results of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor (2009)

Deep brain stimulation of the VIM is an efficient and safe treatment for ET. Tremor and handwriting improvements in long-term follow-up are stable. The patients' perception of their outcome is quite good. However, tolerance may develop in some patients requiring changes in stimulation parameters.
Oxidation of Sulfoxides by Hydrogen Peroxide, Catalyzed by Methyltrioxorhenium(VII) (2000)

Dialkyl and diaryl sulfoxides are oxidized to sulfones by hydrogen peroxide using methyltrioxorhenium as the catalyst. The reaction rate is negligible without a catalyst. The kinetics study was performed in CH3CN-H2O (4:1 v/v) at 298 K with [H+] at 0.1 M, conditions which make the equilibration between MTO and its peroxo complexes more rapid than the oxygen-transfer step. The values for the rate constant for the oxygen-transfer step lie in the range 0.1-3 L mol-1 s-1. The rate constants were significantly smaller than for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. A study of ring-substituted diaryl sulfoxides yielded kinetics results that are consistent with nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom on the peroxide oxygen group since rho = -0.65. The results cited refer to the reactions of the diperoxo from the catalyst, MeRe(O)(eta 2-O2)2H2O. The monoperoxo complex showed no measurable reactivity toward sulfoxides, in contrast with the situation for nearly every other substrate. That unusual finding suggests a hydrogen-bonded interaction between the substrate and the diperoxorhenium compound which cannot exist with the monoperoxo compound.
End to End Satellite Servicing and Space Debris Management (2019)

There is growing demand for satellite swarms and constellations for global positioning, remote sensing and relay communication in higher LEO orbits. This will result in many obsolete, damaged and abandoned satellites that will remain on-orbit beyond 25 years. These abandoned satellites and space debris maybe economically valuable orbital real-estate and resources that can be reused, repaired or upgraded for future use. Space traffic management is critical to repair damaged satellites, divert satellites into warehouse orbits and effectively de-orbit satellites and space debris that are beyond repair and salvage. Current methods for on-orbit capture, servicing and repair require a large service satellite. However, by accessing abandoned satellites and space debris, there is an inherent heightened risk of damage to a servicing spacecraft. Sending multiple small-robots with each robot specialized in a specific task is a credible alternative, as the system is simple and cost-effective and where loss of one or more robots does not end the mission. In this work, we outline an end to end multirobot system to capture damaged and abandoned spacecraft for salvaging, repair and for de-orbiting. We analyze the feasibility of sending multiple, decentralized robots that can work cooperatively to perform capture of the target satellite as a first step, followed by crawling onto damage satellites to perform detailed mapping. After obtaining a detailed map of the satellite, the robots will proceed to either repair and replace or dismantle components for salvage operations. Finally, the remaining components will be packaged with a de-orbit device for accelerated de-orbit.
Scarless Chromosomal Gene Knockout Methods (2011)

An improved and rapid genomic engineering method has been developed for the construction of -custom-designed microorganisms by scarless chromosomal gene knockouts. This method, which can be performed in 2 days, permits restructuring of the Escherichia coli genome via scarless deletion of selected genomic regions. The deletion process is mediated by a special plasmid, pREDI, which carries two independent inducible promoters: (1) an arabinose-inducible promoter that drives expression of λ-RED recombination proteins, which carry out the replacement of a target genomic region with a marker-containing linear DNA cassette, and (2) a rhamnose-inducible promoter that drives expression of I-SceI endonuclease, which accomplishes deletion of the introduced marker by double-strand breakage - mediated intramolecular recombination. This genomic deletion is performed simply by changing the carbon source in the bacterial growth medium from arabinose to rhamnose. The efficiencies of targeted region replacement and deletion of the inserted linear DNA cassette are nearly 70 and 100%, respectively. This rapid and efficient procedure can be adapted for use in generating a variety of genome modifications.
Therapeutic Effects of Endogenous Incretin Hormones and Exogenous Incretin-Based Medications in Sepsis (2019)

Targeting the incretin hormone axis in sepsis may provide a means of not only promoting euglycemia in sepsis but also attenuating the proinflammatory response and improving clinical outcomes.
The use of a novel bone allograft wash process to generate a biocompatible, mechanically stable and osteoinductive biological scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering (2014)

Fresh-frozen biological allograft remains the most effective substitute for the 'gold standard' autograft, sharing many of its osteogenic properties but, conversely, lacking viable osteogenic cells. Tissue engineering offers the opportunity to improve the osseointegration of this material through the addition of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the presence of dead, immunogenic and potentially harmful bone marrow could hinder cell adhesion and differentiation, graft augmentation and incorporation, and wash procedures are therefore being utilized to remove the marrow, thereby improving the material's safety. To this end, we assessed the efficiency of a novel wash technique to produce a biocompatible, biological scaffold void of cellular material that was mechanically stable and had osteoinductive potential. The outcomes of our investigations demonstrated the efficient removal of marrow components (~99.6%), resulting in a biocompatible material with conserved biomechanical stability. Additionally, the scaffold was able to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, with increases in osteogenic gene expression observed following extended culture. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the novel wash process and the potential of the resultant biological material to serve as a scaffold in bone allograft tissue engineering.
High-Coupling and Ultra-Low-Loss Interlaced Stacked Transformers for 60-100 GHz CMOS RFIC Applications (2007)

In this paper, we demonstrate that high-coupling and ultra-low-loss transformers for 60-100 GHz CMOS RFIC applications can be achieved by using single-turn two-layer interlaced stacked (STIS) structure implemented in a standard CMOS technology. State-of-the-art G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Amax</sub> of 0.711, 0.922, and ~1 (i.e. NF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> of 1.48, 0.35, and ~0 dB) were achieved at 60, 80, and 100 GHz, respectively, for a STIS transformer with an inner dimension of 50times50 mu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> and a metal width of 5 mum, mainly due to the high magnetic-coupling factor (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lm</sub> ) and the high resistive-coupling factor (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Re</sub> ). In addition, a 94.1% (from 5.61 to 10.89) and a 196.8% (from 8.36 to 24.81) increase in Q-factor, a 14.2% (from 0.711 to 0.812) and a 8.5% (from 0.922 to ~1) increase in G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Amax</sub> , and a 0.58 dB (from 1.48 dB to 0.90 dB) and a 0.35 dB (from 0.35 dB to ~0 dB) decrease in NF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> were achieved at 60 and 80 GHz, respectively, for the transformer after the post-process of proton implantation. The present analysis is helpful for RF engineers to design ultra-low-voltage high-performance 60-100 GHz transformer-feedback CMOS (or BiCMOS) LNAs and VCOs, and other RF-ICs which include transformers
Manipulating Wild and Tamed Phytobiomes: Challenges and Opportunities (2019)

This white paper presents a series of perspectives on current and future phytobiome management, discussed at the Wild and Tamed Phytobiomes Symposium in University Park, PA, U.S.A., in June 2018. To enhance plant productivity and health, and to translate lab- and greenhouse-based phytobiome research to field applications, the academic community and end-users need to address a variety of scientific, practical, and social challenges. Prior discussion of phytobiomes has focused heavily on plant-associated bacterial and fungal assemblages, but the phytobiomes concept covers all factors that influence plant function. Here we discuss various management considerations, including abiotic conditions (e.g., soil and nutrient applications), microorganisms (e.g., bacterial and fungal assemblages, bacterial and fungal inoculants, and viruses), macroorganisms (e.g., arthropods and plant genetics), and societal factors (e.g., communication approaches and technology diffusion). An important near-term goal for this field should be to estimate the potential relative contribution of different components of the phytobiome to plant health, as well as the potential and risk of modifying each in the near future.
Switching field distribution and A.C. bias recording parameters (1981)

A set of tapes has been prepared for audio recording measurements by mixing cobalt modified iron oxides for equal coercivity and remanence but varying switching field distribution (SFD). At low level recording the optimum high frequency bias current but not the maximum signal level was found to decrease with increasing SFD. The long wavelength output at 5% third harmonic distortion remains unchanged. The decrease of short wavelength saturated signal with increasing SFD was separated into demagnetization and bias current losses.
Effect of Gas Density and the Number of Injector Holes on the Air Flow Surrounding Non-Evaporating Transient Diesel Sprays (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The effect of ambient gas density and the number of injector holes on the characteristics of airflow surrounding non-evaporating transient diesel sprays inside a constant volume chamber were investigated using a 6-hole injector. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the gas velocities surrounding a spray plume as a function of space and time.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A conical control surface surrounding the spray plume was chosen as a representative side entrainment surface. The positive normal velocities across the control surface of single-hole injection sprays were higher than those of 6-hole injection sprays. An abrupt increase in velocities tangential to the control surface near the chamber wall suggests that the recirculation of surrounding gas is accelerated by spray wall impingement. The accumulated mass of laterally entrained gas of the single-hole injection sprays seems to be larger than that of 6-hole injection sprays mainly due to the higher positive normal velocities for the case of the single-hole injection sprays. Under the non-evaporating transient spray conditions, large differences between the total spray volume and the accumulated gas volume entrained laterally indicated that a significant portion of the gas entrainment into spray plume took place near the liquid spray tip, for the range of variables studied by the authors.</div>
Implementation (2016)

This chapter focuses on implementation where central-local tugs of war take place nearly everywhere, every day. It presents the historical context where policy implementation in China was bound to have high degrees of "slippage" due to its extraordinary size. The chapter examines the post-Mao reformer's efforts to transform the dominant norms governing central-local relations so as to facilitate local discretion and regional diversity. It provides pertinent evidence of increasing local discretion as an outcome of such transformed norms in the post-Mao era. The chapter focuses on policy type, among other things, as an independent variable affecting the extent of local discretion in implementation. It also examines a couple of key instruments of control designed to ensure local compliance in the era of local assertiveness. One principal institutional context where the dynamics of implementation are prominent concerns the workings of China's unitary system. The chapter offers some concluding remarks on the central-local balance of power in the domain of implementation.
Synthesis of perfluoro crown ethers: a new class of cyclic fluorocarbons (1988)

Abstract
IS EVANGELICALISM ITCHING FOR A CIVILIZATION FIGHT?: A MEDIA STUDY (2004)

Abstract Many political theorists have subscribed to Samuel Huntington's “Clash of Civilizations”, which sees the Islamic world and Judeo-Christian world on a collision path. However, there are some fundamental problems with Huntington's theory. Firstly, neither Islam nor Christianity is monolithic. The secular media contributes to the illusion of a civilization clash by underestimating the diversity of evangelical leadership and media. A content analysis of the two leading evangelical magazines in the US, Christianity Today and World magazine, illustrates the diversity of opinion among evangelicals towards Islam.
Medetomidine Analogs as α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic Ligands. 2. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Conformationally Restricted Naphthalene Derivatives of Medetomidine (1996)

A new series of naphthalene analogs of medetomidine have been prepared and evaluated for their alpha-adrenergic activities. The methylnaphthyl analog 5a showed significant selectivity for alpha 2-adrenoceptors and behaved as a partial alpha 1-agonist in rat aorta preparations. In contrast, the Z-ethylene analog 8c was alpha 1-selective and behaved as a potent alpha 1-antagonist. Two rigid analogs (6 and 7) exhibited large differences in binding affinities at alpha 1-VS alpha 2-receptors, indicating that the conformational flexibility of 5a is important for the fulfillment of the alpha-adrenergic activities. Molecular modeling studies began with conformational analysis of classical phenethylamines and medetomidine analogs. Superimposition of medetomidine conformations with those of phenethylamines provided a tentative explanation for the alpha 2-adrenergic activity of the new imidazoles. A common binding mode for phenethylamines and imidazoles with alpha 2-adrenoceptors is proposed. Knowledge of the biological properties of the 4-substituted imidazoles, integrated with the information derived from computer-assisted molecular modeling, has provided new insights for the structural and conformational requirements of this class as new adrenergic drugs.
Finite Element Analysis of a Membrane-Type Piezoelectric Tactile Sensor with Four Sensing Elements (2006)

This paper focuses on the finite element modeling of a membrane-type piezoelectric tactile sensor with four sensing elements; the membrane is made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). This tactile sensor, capable of measuring magnitude and position of an applied normal force along with an estimation of the shape of the contacting objects, is an improved version of its already-tested three-element predecessor. It overcomes the problems of crosstalk, complexity, and fragility, which are associated with an array of sensing elements arranged in a matrix form. Difficulties of attaining a closed-form solution are briefly discussed and the results of finite element analysis are presented. Triangulation method is combined with membrane stresses to determine the position and the magnitude of forces. If the force is applied on the membrane by pressing an object on it, then through triangulation an estimation of the shape of the object can be found as well. With this approach the entire area of the tactile sensor becomes active. The sensor is linear, highly sensitive and exhibits high dynamic range. This tactile sensor can potentially be used in robotic and medical applications.
Preliminary safety and efficacy of IPI-145, a potent inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-δ,γ, in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. (2013)

8518 Background: Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are pivotal in cell signaling and regulate a variety of cellular functions relevant to oncogenesis. IPI-145, a potent oral inhibitor of the PI3KEδ and PI3K-γ isoforms, is in clinical development for patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies. Early results in pts with relapsed/refractory lymphoma from an ongoing Phase 1 study are reported here. Methods: This dose-escalation study evaluates the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), clinical activity, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of IPI-145. Expansion cohorts (EC) < MTD are allowed. IPI-145 is given orally twice daily (BID) in 28-day cycles. Tumor response is based on standard disease-specific criteria. Results: 55 pts have been dosed with IPI-145. PK, available through 50 mg BID, are linear with complete inhibition of PI3K-δ at doses > 15 mg BID and increasing suppression of PI3K-γ with increasing dose. In the 36 pts with lymphoma who received 15 mg to 75 mg BID, the median [range] number of cycles was 2.4 [0.1–10] and 67% remain on study. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 50% of pts with lymphoma. Neutropenia and increased ALT were the most common ≥ Grade 3 TRAEs (4 pts each) and were not associated with increasing dose. > Grade 3 ALT elevations were more common in lymphoma pts (18%) compared to non-lymphoma pts (5%). Among evaluable pts with lymphoma (n=27), early clinical activity was observed in T-cell (n=6, 1 CR, 1 PR, 1 SD) and aggressive/indolent B-cell (n=21, 2 CR, 9 PR, 5 SD) lymphoma pts at ≤ 75 mg BID. 92% of responses were observed by 3 months. Conclusions: IPI-145 appeared well tolerated and has shown clinical activity in pts with relapsed/refractory advanced B- and T-cell lymphoma across the range of doses examined. The single agent MTD has not been determined and dose escalation continues. Updated safety and efficacy data from pts with lymphoma enrolled in dose escalation or ECs evaluating 25 mg BID and a higher dose (< MTD) of IPI-145 will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01476657.
Isolation of two chloroethylnitrosourea-sensitive Chinese hamster cell lines. (1991)

1-[(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3- nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), a cancer chemotherapeutic bifunctional alkylating agent, causes chloroethylation of DNA and subsequent DNA strand cross-linking through an ethylene bridge. We isolated and characterized two ACNU-sensitive mutants from mutagenized Chinese hamster ovary cells and found them to be new drug-sensitive recessive Chinese hamster mutants. Both mutants were sensitive to various monofunctional alkylating agents in a way similar to that of the parental cell lines CHO9. One mutant (UVS1) was cross-sensitive to UV and complemented the UV sensitivity of all Chinese hamster cell lines of 7 established complementation groups. Since UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis was very low, a new locus related to excision repair is thought to be defective in this cell line. Another ACNU-sensitive mutant, CNU1, was slightly more sensitive to UV than the parent cell line. CNU1 was cross-sensitive to 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea and slightly more sensitive to mitomycin C. No increased accumulation of ACNU and a low level of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in this cell as compared with the parental cell line suggest that there is abnormality in a repair response of this mutant cell to some types of DNA cross-links.
Ambiguity suppression by Azimuth Phase Coding in multichannel SAR systems (2011)

The Azimuth Phase Coding (APC) technique, proposed to suppress range ambiguities in conventional SAR systems, stands out for its low implementation complexity and its effectiveness for point and distributed ambiguities. This paper investigates the possibility of applying the APC to the new, forthcoming generation of multichannel SAR systems, for high resolution and wide swath imaging, based on Digital Beamforming on receive. The extension of APC to multichannel SAR systems is mathematically described. A new metric is defined to quantify the APC performance. A numerical analysis is developed to characterize the influence on the APC behaviors of the main SAR system parameters. Finally, an example of APC performance is provided, by considering two multichannel SAR systems based on a planar and a reflector antenna.