gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A genome-wide association study of seed protein and oil content in soybean (2014)

This research indicated that GWAS not only identified most of the previously reported QTL controlling seed protein and oil, but also resulted in narrower genomic regions than the regions reported as containing these QTL. The narrower GWAS-defined genome regions will allow more precise marker-assisted allele selection and will expedite positional cloning of the causal gene(s).
[Assessment of tobacco impact on penile vascularization with echo-Doppler and intracavernous injection]. (1996)

The negative role of smoking on circulation is widespread knowledge and it has been rated as a vascular risk factor. This paper evaluates the influence of smoking on the arterial supply to the erectile tissue, establishing the flow speed parameters in cavernous arteries with eco-doppler both at rest and after intracavernous PgE1 injection. Four groups were studied: non-smokers, without arterial disease and with arterial disease of non-smoking etiology; smokers with vascular disease, and another group where smoking was the only verified etiological factor. No significant differences were detected in flow speed parameters at rest among smokers and non smokers both in individuals with preserved erectile potency or with erectile dysfunction. Following drug therapy, impotent smokers showed the worse erectile response. With regard to flow speed parameters, although the differences were not significant, it can be seen that smokers, whether potent or not, show less differential speed, flow time, and acceleration, exhibiting a certain degree of arterial rigidity. That flow speed parameters, in cases with erectile dysfunction, can be superposed in individuals with arterial-origin impotence and those where smoking is the sole risk factor, indicates that this is a factor which causes erectile dysfunction due to vascular damage, as severe as any other caused by other factors such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes, or hypertension.
Estimation of New York Heart Association class in heart failure patients based on machine learning techniques (2017)

The aim of this work is to present an automated method for the early identification of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class change in patients with heart failure using classification techniques. The proposed method consists of three main steps: a) data processing, b) feature selection, and c) classification. The estimation of the severity of heart failure in terms of NYHA class is addressed as two, three and, for the first time, as four class classification problem. Eleven classifiers are employed and combined with resampling techniques. The proposed method is evaluated on a dataset of 378 patients, through a 10-fold-cross-validation approach. The highest detection accuracy is 97, 87 and 67% for the two, three and the four class classification problem, respectively.
Model identification and PID control of long time-delay processes (2003)

A relay feedback identification auto-tuning of PID/PI controller is proposed in this paper, which is capable of controlling long time-delay processes. The real process is approximated via FOPDT or SOPDT models, whose parameters are specified through a modified relay feedback identification method. Applying the zero-pole cancellation principle, the PID/PI controller is tuned according to the specified amplitude and phase margins. Model identification and controller parameter tuning are done online without much influence on the normal operation. This algorithm also has many other advantages such as a fast setpoint response, strong robustness and good disturbance rejection ability.
Isolation and characterization of the haeminbinding proteins from Neisseria meningitidis (1994)

The mechanism of haem-iron acquisition in Neisseria meningitidis is poorly understood. Using haemin-agarose in a batch affinity chromatography method, two haemin-binding proteins of 97 and 50 kDa were isolated from total membranes derived from Neisseria meningitidis B16B6 grown under iron-deficient but not under iron-replete conditions. No binding proteins were affinity-purified when total membranes underwent limited proteolysis with trypsin, suggesting a haem-protein interaction. When biotinylated human haemoglobin was used as the affinity ligand, proteins of identical molecular mass were isolated. Detection of haemin-binding proteins in a whole cell binding assay demonstrated a surface-exposed location. Competitive binding studies indicated that this haem-protein interaction was specific, because only haemin or human haemoglobin, but not cytochrome c111, protoporphyrin IX, iron-loaded human lactoferrin, iron-loaded human transferrin or Fe(NO3)3, could abrogate binding. The presence of similar haemin-binding proteins in a limited survey of clinical meningococcal strains indicated that the expression of the haemin-binding proteins is not serogroup-specific.
Analysis of Quality of Service (QoS) in WiMAX networks (2008)

In last few years there has been significant growth in the area of wireless communication. Quality of Service (QoS) has become an important consideration for supporting variety of applications that utilize the network resources. These applications include voice over IP, multimedia services, like, video streaming, video conferencing etc. IEEE 802.16/WiMAX is a new network which is designed with quality of service in mind. This paper focuses on analysis of quality of service as implemented by the WiMAX networks. First, it presents the details of the quality of service architecture in WiMAX network. In the analysis, a WiMAX module developed based on popular network simulator ns-2, is used. Various real life scenarios like voice call, video streaming are setup in the simulation environment. Parameters that indicate quality of service, such as, throughput, packet loss, average jitter and average delay, are analyzed for different types of service flows as defined in WiMAX. Results indicate that better quality of service is achieved by using service flows designed for specific applications.
Practical Considerations for the Application of Highly Nonlinear Fibers (2007)

Comparison of recent reported highly nonlinear fibers is carried out with viewpoints of practical use. Currently, silica-based highly nonlinear fibers are concluded to be most promising, and their recent progress is briefly reviewed.
A physician's guide to smoking cessation. (1992)

Claims of the effectiveness of smoking cessation services and products are often misleading. It is important that physicians be well informed in order to make appropriate recommendations to their patients who smoke. In this article smoking cessation products and programs are critically evaluated and issues such as cure rates and validation of self-reported abstinence are discussed. Many commercial products are available to aid in cessation, although none has been proven effective. With the exception of nicotine polacrilex gum and transdermal patches in conjunction with a multicomponent clinic, medications are generally ineffective. Smoking cessation programs range from the provision of self-help materials to multisession groups and clinics. Multicomponent, behavioral-based group programs have been the most successful. Physicians should raise the issue of smoking cessation as frequently as possible with smokers and should recommend the use of smoking cessation products and services as appropriate. Referrals should be made to programs that base their success rates on scientifically accepted standards, including a 1-year follow-up, inclusion of dropouts and nonrespondents in calculating outcome, and biochemical validation of self-reported abstinence. Reports of success rates of 80% to 95% at the end of a 1-year program should be viewed with skepticism. Ideally, whether working independently or through referral, the physician should actively promote smoking cessation for all patients who smoke.
Adoptively Transferred γδ T Cells Indirectly Regulate Murine Graft-Versus-Host Reactivity Following Donor Leukocyte Infusion Therapy in Mice (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether gamma delta T cells were able to regulate graft-vs-host (GVH) reactivity mediated by alpha beta T cells in murine recipients transplanted with MHC-mismatched marrow grafts. Studies were conducted using ex vivo-activated gamma delta T cells because this was a more clinically relevant strategy, and these cells have been shown to be capable of facilitating alloengraftment without causing GVH disease (GVHD). Coadministration of activated gamma delta T cells and naive alpha beta T cells at the time of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) significantly exacerbated GVHD when compared with naive alpha beta T cells alone. In contrast, when the administration of naive alpha beta T cells was delayed for 2 wk post-BMT, survival was significantly enhanced in mice transplanted with BM plus activated gamma delta T cells vs those given marrow cells alone. Mitigation of GVHD by activated gamma delta T cells occurred only at high doses (150 x 106) and was a unique property of gamma delta T cells, as activated alpha beta T cells were incapable of ameliorating the subsequent development of GVHD. Protection from GVHD was not due to the direct inhibition of naive alpha beta T cells by gamma delta T cells. Rather, gamma delta T cells mediated this effect indirectly through donor BM-derived alpha beta T cells that acted as the proximate regulatory population responsible for the decrease in GVH reactivity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that activated gamma delta T cells are capable of modulating the ability of MHC-incompatible nontolerant alpha beta T cells to cause GVHD after allogeneic BMT.
Heterogeneities of the Nanostructure of Platinum/Zeolite Y Catalysts Revealed by Electron Tomography (2013)

To develop structure-performance relationships for important catalysts, a detailed characterization of their morphology is essential. Using electron tomography, we determined in three dimensions the structure of Pt/zeolite Y bifunctional catalysts. Optimum experimental conditions enabled for the first time high-resolution 3D imaging of Pt particles as small as 1 nm located inside zeolite micropores. Semiautomated image analysis of 3D reconstructions provided an efficient study of numbers, size distributions, and interparticle distances of thousands of Pt particles within individual zeolite crystals. Upon extending this approach to a number of zeolite crystals of one batch of Pt/zeolite Y catalyst, heterogeneities were revealed. The Pt loading, an important parameter for catalyst performance, varied between zeolite crystals up to a factor of 35. This discovery calls for re-evaluation of catalyst preparation methods and suggests potential for lowering the nominal loading with noble metals.
Structure and emission of a stratified pulsed discharge (1978)

A 20-channel apparatus for optical and electrical plasma diagnostics is used to study the geometric structure and evolution of a stratified pulsed discharge with a current of 1x10/sup 5/ or 1x10/sup 6/ A and a half-period of 9 or 45 ..mu..sec. A cylindrical discharge with an initial diameter 6 or 18 cm is formed by the electrical explosion of an aluminum foil 5 ..mu.. thick in air. There are three characteristic stages in the time evolution of the emission from the discharge: the starting stage, the high-temperature stage, and the afterglow. Two layers of radiating plasma form in a stratified pulsed discharge. These layers are separated by an opaque layer consisting of the finely dispersed remnants of the exploded foil. The outer and inner plasma layers are at different temperatures and exhibit different brightness. The discharge becomes radially asymmetric as the magnetic field acts on the parallel discharge layers. It is concluded that stratified pulsed discharges can be used to develop several controllable light sources with variable spectral brightness, variable light pulse, and a variable emission asymmetry.
Sensitivity of proton implanted VCSELs to electrostatic discharge pulses (2001)

The sensitivity of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers to electrostatic discharge (ESD) pulses has been investigated under human body model test conditions. Very similar degradation behavior has been found for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) from two different manufacturers, both with proton-implantation for lateral current confinement. For all investigated devices we observed during forward bias stress that the optical degradation precedes the electrical degradation and the forward bias damage threshold pulse amplitudes were only slightly higher than the reverse bias values. At the initial stage of the VCSEL degradation, damage of the upper p-DBR mirror region has been observed without modification of the active layer. During the ESD tests we monitored the electrical and the optical parameters of the VCSELs and measured during forward bias stress additionally the optical emission transients. The optical transients during ESD pulsing enable a fast evaluation of the damage threshold and give also an indication of the time scale of the junction heating during ESD pulses.
Gas Cluster Ion Beam Equipment and Applications for Surface Processing (2008)

A gas cluster is an aggregate of a few to several thousands of gaseous atoms or molecules, and it can be accelerated to the desired energy after ionization. Since the kinetic energy of an atom in a cluster is equal to the total energy divided by the cluster size, a quite-low-energy ion beam can be realized. Although it is difficult to obtain low-energy monomer ion beams due to the space charge effect, equivalently low-energy ion beams can be realized by using cluster ion beams at relatively high acceleration voltages. The low-energy feature and the dense energy deposition at a local area are important characteristics of the irradiation by gas cluster ions. The diameter of a gas cluster with a cluster size of several thousands is only a few nanometers, so that thousands of atoms or molecules penetrate the target in an area that is only a few nanometers in diameter, which causes multiple collisions between target and cluster atoms. Therefore, all of the impinging energy of a gas cluster ion is deposited at the surface region, and this dense energy deposition is the origin of enhanced sputtering yields, crater formation, shock-wave generation, and other nonlinear effects. It is almost 20 years since the gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) equipment was first built in our laboratory. Since then, various kinds of GCIB equipment were constructed, and, currently, a GCIB system for 300-mm-diameter Si wafers is available. GCIB machines are being used for industrial applications, where a surface process is required. Surface smoothing, shallow doping, low-damage etching, trimming, and thin-film formations are promising applications of GCIBs. In this paper, the formation of the GCIB and the configuration of the GCIB equipment are summarized. Then, fundamental irradiation effects of the GCIB are discussed from the viewpoint of low-energy irradiation, sputtering, and dense energy deposition. Last, various applications of the GCIB are explained.
Principles, Systems and Applications of IP Telecommunications (2010)

These are the proceedings of IPTComm 2010, the fourth of a successful series of conferences on Principles, Systems and Applications of IP Telecommunications. This year's edition of the conference is held in Garching b. Munchen, Germany, on August 2 and 3, 2010.

The scope of the conference covers new services and service models, management and resilience, mobility, and a special focus on security.

The call for papers asked for submission of full papers, short papers. It attracted 50 paper submissions. The technical program committee chairs ensured a rigid review process. For each paper, at least three reviews were received.

The technical program committee decided to accept 12 papers as regular papers for the conference, resulting in an acceptance ratio of 24 %.

Additionally, 4 papers were selected to be presented as Work-in-Progress papers for presentation at the conference.
Electrodeless measurement of RF dielectric constant and loss (1993)

A new electrodeless method is developed for RF dielectric constant and loss measurements. In the new method a sample coil is used instead of a conventional parallel plate capacitor sample cell. The changes in coil impedance due to the sample placed inside the coil are measured by a Q-meter. This method is not as accurate as previous methods but is convenient and mostly applicable to studies of polar liquids and solutions. Test measurements are made with various measuring conditions. An example application to glycerol-water mixtures verifies its applicability.
Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in the etiology of bacterial (nonspecific) vaginosis. (1983)

G. vaginalis was originally described as the etiologic agent of bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis) because it was recovered only from women with signs and symptoms of "bacterial vaginitis" and not from normal controls. Recent data have shown that G. vaginalis is present in normal women but at concentrations lower than the limit of sensitivity of the media formerly used. Detection of low concentrations of G. vaginalis in normal controls has been made possible by development of a selective and differential medium (HBT). Anaerobically performed studies of the vaginal flora have indicated that while lactobacilli predominate in the normal vagina with or without G. vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria including Bacteroides spp., Peptococcus spp., Eubacterium spp. and curved rods as well as G. vaginalis predominate in bacterial vaginosis. Anaerobic bacteria and G. vaginalis are decreased after appropriate therapy. After treatment with metronidazole, lactobacilli again predominate. Lactobacilli are less prevalent after treatment with ampicillin or amoxicillin. These data suggest that as in infections at other mucous membrane sites, bacterial vaginosis is a mixed infection involving a finite number of facultative and anaerobic species. The data also suggest an important role for facultative lactobacilli.
Restrictions to Floor Plate Induction by hedgehog and Winged-Helix Genes in the Neural Tube of Frog Embryos (1995)

Intercellular signaling molecules of the vertebrate hedgehog family and transcription factors of the winged-helix family have been implicated in floor plate development. We have examined the consequences of misexpressing the vertebrate hedgehog gene vhh-1 (sonic hedgehog, shh) and the winged-helix gene HNF-3 beta in the neural plate and neural tube of frog embryos. Misexpression of either of these genes induces floor plate differentiation at ectopic locations. However, ectopic floor plate induction in response to both vhh-1 and HNF-3 beta was temporally and spatially restricted. At neural plate stages, ectopic floor plate differentiation was not detected. After neural tube closure, ectopic floor plate differentiation was detected but was restricted predominantly to the dorsal region of the neural tube. The ability of winged-helix and vertebrate hedgehog genes to induce floor plate differentiation in vivo may, therefore, be constrained by additional signals that specify the time and position of floor plate differentiation.
Single assembly robot in search of human partner: versatile grounded language generation (2013)

We describe an approach for enabling robots to recover from failures by asking for help from a human partner. For example, if a robot fails to grasp a needed part during a furniture assembly task, it might ask a human partner to Please hand me the white table leg near you. After receiving the part from the human, the robot can recover from its grasp failure and continue the task autonomously. This paper describes an approach for enabling a robot to automatically generate a targeted natural language request for help from a human partner. The robot generates a natural language description of its need by minimizing the entropy of the command with respect to its model of language understanding for the human partner, a novel approach to grounded language generation. Our long-term goal is to compare targeted requests for help to more open-ended requests where the robot simply asks Help me, demonstrating that targeted requests are more easily understood by human partners.
A Q-band monolithic three-stage amplifier (2003)

A Q-band high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) amplifier was designed and fabricated. This three-stage circuit utilizes 0.2- mu m*60- mu m micron HEMT devices. The amplifier has a measured gain of greater than 10 dB from 42 to 47.5 GHz and a peak gain of 16 dB at 44.5 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advances in the physiological and pathological implications of cholesterol (2013)

Cholesterol has evolved to fulfill sophisticated biophysical, cell signalling, and endocrine functions in animal systems. At the cellular level, cholesterol is found in membranes where it increases both bilayer stiffness and impermeability to water and ions. Furthermore, cholesterol is integrated into specialized lipid-protein membrane microdomains with critical topographical and signalling functions. At the organismal level, cholesterol is the precursor of all steroid hormones, including gluco- and mineralo-corticoids, sex hormones, and vitamin D, which regulate carbohydrate, sodium, reproductive, and bone homeostasis, respectively. This sterol is also the immediate precursor of bile acids, which are important for intestinal absorption of dietary lipids as well as energy homeostasis and glucose regulation. Complex mechanisms maintain cholesterol within physiological ranges and the dysregulation of these mechanisms results in embryonic or adult diseases, caused by either excessive or reduced tissue cholesterol levels. The causative role of cholesterol in these conditions has been demonstrated by genetic and pharmacological manipulations in animal models of human disease that are discussed herein. Importantly, the understanding of basic aspects of cholesterol biology has led to the development of high-impact pharmaceutical therapies during the past century. The continuing effort to offer successful treatments for prevalent cholesterol-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders, warrants further interdisciplinary research in the coming decades.
Staining of Granulocytic Cells by Chlorazol Black E (1981)

Using the trisazo dye Chlorazol black E, granules in neutrophilic granulocytes stained pale orange, gray and black. In promyelocytes, granules were mainly orange, whereas in myelocytes and metamyelocytes, mixtures of orange and black granules were seen. In neutrophils, a few orange granules were seen, and most of the granules stained gray and black. In eosinophils and basophils, granules stained orange. In monocytes, a few black and gray staining granules were seen. In lymphocytes, as well as other marrow cells like erythroblasts and megakaryocytes, granules were not visualized. Chlorazol black E may be a useful addition to the cytochemistry of blood cells, particularly in distinguishing cells of granulocytic origin from other cell types.