gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAMVAAD: speech applications made viable for access-anywhere devices (2006)

The proliferation of pervasive devices has stimulated the development of applications that support ubiquitous access via multiple modalities. Since the processing capabilities of pervasive devices differ vastly, device-specific application adaptation becomes essential. We address the problem of speech application adaptation by dialog call-flow reorganisation for pervasive devices with different memory constraints. Given an atomic dialog call-flow A and device memory size m, we present optimal deterministic algorithms, RESEQUENCE and BALANCE-TREE, which minimise the number of questions in the reorganised output call-flow A/sub m/. Algorithms MASQ and MATREE produce C/sub m/, minimally distant from input call-flow A/sub m/ while accommodating the memory constraint m. These two minimisation criteria are capable of capturing various usability requirements important in dialog call-flow design. The following observation forms the cornerstone of all the algorithms in this paper: Two grammars g/sub 1/ and g/sub 2/ comprising of |g/sub 1/| and |g/sub 2/| elements respectively can be merged into a single grammar g = g/sub 1/ /spl times/ g/sub 2/ having |g/sub 1/|/spl middot/|g/sub 2/| elements for the sequential case, and g = g/sub 1/ + g/sub 2/ having |g/sub 1/|+|g/sub 2/| elements for the tree case. Device-speciific considerations lead us to introduce the concept of an <m,q>-characterisation of a call-flow, defined as the set of pairs {(m/sub i/,q/sub i/)| /spl isin/ N}, where q/sub i/ is the minimum number of questions required for memory size m/sub i/. Each call-flow has a unique, device-independent signature in its <m,q>-characterisation - a measure of its adaptability. We present SAMVAAD, a system that implements these algorithms on call-flows authored in VXML containing SRGS grammars. The system was tested on an IBM voice browser using a sample airline reservation system call-flow reorganised for memories ranging from 64 MB to 210 KB. We ran an experiment with 14 users to obtain feedback on the usability of the adapted call-flows.
Sci—Thur PM: YIS — 06: Presentation of a Novel Scintillating Fiber Fluence Monitor for the Real‐Time Verification of Advanced MLC‐Driven Radiotherapy Treatment (2010)

Purpose: To present a novel type of fluence monitoring detector based on optical attenuation for the on‐line quality control of radiotherapy treatments. Method: Long scintillating fibers were aligned along the direction of motion under each of the leaf pair of a Varian Clinac iX MLC and coupled on both ends to clear optical fibers to enable light collection. Following a theoretical model of scintillation collection based on optical attenuation, the detector performance was evaluated by 1) measuring the intrinsic variation of the readings, 2) comparing the experimental data to the expected values calculated from the treatment planning software (TPS) and 3) measuring random leaf errors introduced in an IMRT field. Results: The detector allows the measurement of the central position of the dose deposition on each fiber (x c ) and the integral fluence passing through it (Φ int ). Very low intrinsic dispersion, dominated by Poisson statistics, was observed (under 1mm for x c and under 0.15% for Φ int ). When compared to the TPS, both x c and Φ int ) exhibited more significant deviations (respectively a mean of 1.3mm and 2.6%) due to the uncertainties on the dose calculated in regions of high perpendicular dose gradients.Φ int is highly sensitive to single leaf motion errors as low as 1mm (at isocenter) while x c showed a good response to a leaf pair translation error of 2mm and more. Conclusion: This work clearly demonstrates the sensitivity and specificity of on‐line quality control of the incident fluence by a thin transmission detector based on optical attenuation of scintillating fibers.
Sphingolipid synthesis as a target for chemotherapy against malaria parasites. (1995)

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains sphingomyelin synthase in its Golgi apparatus and in a network of tubovesicular membranes in the cytoplasm of the infected erythrocyte. Palmitoyl and decanoyl analogues of 1-phenyl-2-acylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol inhibit the enzyme activity in infected erythrocytes. An average of 35% of the activity is extremely sensitive to these drugs and undergoes a rapid, linear decrease at drug concentrations of 0.05-1 microM. The remaining 65% suffers a slower linear inhibition at drug concentrations ranging from 25 to 500 microM. Evidence is presented that inhibition of the sensitive fraction alone selectively disrupts the appearance of the interconnected tubular network in the host cell cytoplasm, without blocking secretory development at the parasite plasma membrane or in organelles within the parasite, such as the Golgi and the digestive food vacuole. This inhibition also blocks parasite proliferation in culture, indicating that the sensitive sphingomyelin synthase activity as well as the tubovesicular network may provide rational targets for drugs against malaria.
Hepatobiliary MR imaging: first human experience with MnDPDP. (1991)

The first human MR imaging results for the hepatobiliary contrast agent manganese(II)N,N'-dipyridoxylethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetate 5,5'-bis(phosphate) (MnDPDP) are reported. MnDPDP is a paramagnetic contrast agent specific for hepatobiliary imaging. An imaging study was performed to investigate the presence of contrast enhancement or facilitated visualization of normal structures. Twelve healthy subjects receiving MnDPDP at doses of 3, 10, or 15 mumol/kg were imaged after injection for approximately 30 minutes at 1-5-minute intervals. Transaxial abdominal images were obtained at 1.5 T in a single breath-hold interval of 21 seconds with use of a spin-echo pulse sequence (repetition time = 150 msec, echo time = 20 msec). Liver parenchyma enhancement was observed 1 minute after injection and persisted for at least 30 minutes. Clearance into the gallbladder was visualized within 15 minutes. Enhancement was dose-dependent; a dose of 10 mumol/kg produced a 75%-100% signal enhancement of the liver at 10 minutes after injection.
Interaction between Nmd2p and Upf1p is required for activity but not for dominant-negative inhibition of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway in yeast. (1996)

Rapid turnover of nonsense-containing mRNAs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on the products of the UPF1 (Upf1p), NMD2/UPF2 (Nmd2p) and UPF3 (Upf3p) genes. Mutations in each of these genes lead to the selective stabilization of mRNAs containing early nonsense mutations without affecting the decay rates of most other mRNAs. NMD2 was recently identified in a two-hybrid screen as a gene that encodes a Upf1p-interacting protein. To identify the amino acids essential to this interaction, we used two-hybrid analysis as well as missense, nonsense, and deletion mutants of NMD2, and mapped the Upf1p-interacting domain of Nmd2p to a 157-amino acid segment at its C-terminus. Mutations in this domain that disrupt interaction with Upf1p also disrupt nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. A dominant-negative deletion allele of NMD2 identified previously includes the Upf1p-interacting domain. However, mutations in the Upf1p-interacting domain do not affect dominant-negative inhibition of mRNA decay caused by this allele, suggesting interaction with yet another factor. These results, and the observation that deletion of a putative nuclear localization signal and a putative transmembrane domain also inactivate nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, suggest that Nmd2p may contain as many as four important functional domains.
Dynamic reconstruction and rendering of 3D tomosynthesis images (2011)

Dynamic Reconstruction and Rendering (DRR) is a fast and flexible tomosynthesis image reconstruction and display implementation. By leveraging the computational efficiency gains afforded by off-the-shelf GPU hardware, tomosynthesis reconstruction can be performed on demand at real-time, user-interactive frame rates. Dynamic multiplanar reconstructions allow the user to adjust reconstruction and display parameters interactively, including axial sampling, slice location, plane tilt, magnification, and filter selection. Reconstruction on-demand allows tomosynthesis images to be viewed as true three-dimensional data rather than just a stack of two-dimensional images. The speed and dynamic rendering capabilities of DRR can improve diagnostic accuracy and lead to more efficient clinical workflows.
The production of chemicals from food processing wastes using a novel fermenter separator: Seventh quarterly report, March 1, 1989--May 31, 1989 (1989)

Fermentation costs (which increase with higher product concentration) traditionally must be balanced against product recovery costs (which decrease with product concentration). A novel reactor-separator process has been developed at Purdue University to minimize product inhibition of fermentation rates. This has been shown to exhibit very high productivities -- simultaneously producing and removing a inhibitory product while maintaining a high viable cell concentration in the reactor. The objective of this study is to develop an energy efficient and economical process to convert food wastes to usable chemicals. Work is divided into two major effects (1) an applied phase which involves design and building a whey to ethanol process as well as process design and optimization and (2) a basic phase which involves investigating alternative fermentation systems and fundamental research on immobilized cell reactor systems. Accomplishments are discussed.
Optical Properties Of BeF2 CVD And Melted Glasses (1989)

This paper describes a preliminary study of the refractive index dispersion in the beryllium fluoride (BeF2) melted glasses doped with aluminum fluoride (A1F3). It is shown that these glasses have very low dispersion, an order of magnitude lower than silica glass. It is further shown that doping BeF2 with A1F3 increases the refractive index of the base glass. Thus, an optical waveguide fiber design with BeF2 as the cladding and A1F3 doped BeF2 as the core is feasible. Also, the index dispersion of a melted BeF2 glass is compared with that of a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) glass. In the past it has been shown that fluoride glasses possess excellent transparency from the near UV to mid IR. The most interesting properties of fluoride glasses are that they possess low refractive index, low dispersion and low Rayleigh scattering. Hence, the potential for making an ultra low loss, ultra long optical fiber exists. The major intrinsic losses in a pure fluoride glass fiber would be the Rayleigh scattering which is proportional to the inverse fourth power of wavelength. Intrinsic attenuation losses of 0.001 dB/km are possible in high-purity fibers in the 2 to 4 gm wavelength range. Major efforts in fluoride glass technology have focused on fiber fabrication with zirconium tetrafluoride-based glasses, melted conventionally. Such systems can contain from two to five components. An alternate approach is the CVD of fluoride glass systems being developed at Corning. An organo-metallic compound has been processed to fabricate BeF2 glass. The ZrF4 -based glasses do not lend themselves to CVD processes because of the problems in finding suitable precursors with the required vapor pressures.
Analysis of Detection Methods of RF Vibrometer for Complex Motion Measurement (2011)

In this paper, the detection technique of the previously reported wavelength-division-sensing RF vibrometer is thoroughly analyzed by investigating the Bessel function coefficient of harmonics in the baseband spectrum. The analysis provides guidelines on the selection of harmonic pairs to help improve detection accuracy and reliability. A new detection method that utilizes multiple harmonic pairs under a fixed carrier frequency proves to be a more reliable approach for RF vibrometers. The sensitivity of harmonic amplitude ratio to the excess phase angle is explored as well. The results show that by using insensitive harmonic pairs, information about the characteristics of the vibration system and the external driving force are still attainable even when the phase angles are unknown. Real-time monitoring of various harmonic vibrations has been realized through a LabVIEW program with a user interface that provides visualization of the vibration patterns. The function of through-wall detection of the RF vibrometer has also been verified by conducting all measurements behind a wall with a detection distance of 1.5 m.
Generalized Boundary Detection Using Compression-based Analytics (2019)

We present a new method for boundary detection within sequential data using compression-based analytics. Our approach is to approximate the information distance between two adjacent sliding windows within the sequence. Large values in the distance metric are indicative of boundary locations. A new algorithm is developed, referred to as sliding information distance (SLID), that provides a fast, accurate, and robust approximation to the normalized information distance. A modified smoothed z-score algorithm is used to locate peaks in the distance metric, indicating boundary locations. A variety of data sources are considered, including text and audio, to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Microparticles in stored red blood cells as potential mediators of transfusion complications (2011)

This article reviews evidence for the involvement of cell-derived microparticles (MPs) in transfusion-related adverse events. The controversy concerning possible added risk of older versus fresher stored blood is also reviewed and is consistent with the hypothesis that MPs are involved with adverse events. Although all types of circulating MPs are discussed, the emphasis is on red blood cell-derived MPs (RMPs). The evidence is particularly strong for involvement of RMPs in transfusion-related acute lung injury, but also for postoperative thrombosis. However, this evidence is largely circumstantial. Work in progress to directly test the hypothesis is also briefly reviewed.
Genetics and molecular biology of propionibacteria (2002)

Research in the genetics and molecular biology of propionibacteria is currently making much progress. In order to develop efficient DNA transfer systems for the genus Propionibacterium, dairy and environmental propionibacteria were screened for the presence of suitable plasmids as a first step. Following nucleotide sequence analysis, potential replication functions were identified on several Propionibacteriumplasmids such as pLME106/pRGO1, p545 and pLME108. Furthermore, ppnA, the gene encoding the propionicin SM1, was detected on pLME106. Three of these plasmids which had been fused with antibiotic resistance selection markers (ermE, cml, hygB) originating from bacteria with high G+C DNA content were recently successfully used as Escherichia coli - Propionibacterium shuttle vectors. DNA restriction/modification systems observed in propionibacteria have to be taken into account since successful DNA transformation at high rates (up to 10 8 Propionibacteriumtransformants/μg of DNA) succeeds only with plasmid DNA originating from propionibacteria with the same restriction/modification system(s) as the strain to be trans- formed, and not from E. coli hosts. The basis for an integrating vector has been set up after identifica- tion of a potential attP site and an adjacent integrase gene from a Propionibacteriumphage/prophage system. Finally, approximately 30 gene sequences with attributed coding functions from propionibacteria are available on databases. Propionibacterium / plasmid / bacteriophage / DNA transformation / genetics
PHOCI: Photonic Communications Imager (2002)

PHOCI is an optical imaging system that is suitable for both image capture and reception of optical communications data. The system includes a novel image/data capture chip that imbeds a high-speed optical data communications receiver technology into the image capture array of a digital video camera system. In addition to the development of a new image/data capture chip, the system includes the design of a hardware interface that allows the PHOCI system to pass both image and optical communication data through a USB (or similar communications link) to a COTS host computer. In addition to providing the device drivers necessary to communicate with the PHOCI hardware, the system software provides the data structures and graphical user interface (GUI) that allow a system operator to see the camera image along with the location and recent movement vector for communication sources in the image. This phase 1 activity illustrated the technical feasibility of the device and discovered that the technology is commercially feasible, especially for harsh environments that are not normally well suited to electromagnetic communications, such as that found on a factory floor. (12 figures)
Water-Repellent Thin Film with High Alkali Resistance Using the Sol–Gel Method for Ink Jet Printer Head (2002)

Water-repellent thin films from silane coupling agents have been widely used for inducing hydrophobicity on various surfaces. However, films obtained by conventional methods have poor durability against alkaline solutions. A new water-repellent thin film with high alkali resistance has been obtained for the first time by the sol–gel method using fluoroalkylmethoxysilane and 1,4-bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene (BTB). The film maintained its hydrophobicity after soaking in alkaline ink with pH=8.9 at 70°C for 500 h. While the film maintained alkali resistance after being heat-treated at temperatures up to 300°C, that heat-treated at 400°C lost its alkali resistance. Fourier transform infrared measurements of the film indicated that ethyl groups in BTB molecules burn or oxidize at 400°C. It is speculated that the ethyl groups in the vicinity of siloxane bonds and the three-dimensional BTB polymer network prevent OH-ions from approaching and breaking the siloxane bonds in the film, and thus the film has high alkali resistance. We demonstrate that the new water-repellent film is applicable to the ink jet printer head.
Efficient 2-Body Statistics Computation on GPUs: Parallelization &amp;amp; Beyond (2016)

Various types of two-body statistics (2-BS) are regarded as essential components of data analysis in many scientific and computing domains. Due to the quadratic time complexity, use of modern parallel hardware has become an obvious direction for research and practice in 2-BS computation. This paper presents our recent work in designing and optimizing parallel algorithms for 2-BS computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). First, we classify 2-body applications into three groups based on their data output pattern. Then, we introduce a straightforward parallel algorithm under the CUDA framework. To that end, we split the algorithm into two stages: pairwise distance function computation and writing output. Then, we present modifications to the basic algorithm by integrating various techniques at each stage. Our algorithms design focuses on effective use of hardware/software features that are unique in GPU platforms. Experiments run on modern GPU hardware show that our GPU algorithms outperform the best known CPU program by at least an order of magnitude in various applications. Furthermore, our implementation achieves very high level of GPU resource utilization, indicating near-optimal performance. This work builds a solid foundation towards realizing our vision of a framework that can automatically generate optimized code for any new 2-BS problems.
Conformation‐Controlled Molecular Sieving Effects for Membrane‐Based Propylene/Propane Separation (2019)

Membrane-based separation is poised to reduce the operation cost of propylene/propane separation; however, identifying a suitable molecular sieve for membrane development is still an ongoing challenge. Here, the successful identification and use of a metal-organic framework (MOF) material as fillers, namely, the Zr-fum-fcu-MOF possessing an optimal contracted triangular pore-aperture driving the efficient diffusive separation of propylene from propane in mixed-matrix membranes are reported. It is demonstrated that the fabricated hybrid membranes display a high propylene/propane separation performance, far beyond the current trade-off limit of polymer membranes with excellent properties under industrial conditions. Most importantly, the mechanism behind the exceptional high propylene/propane selectivity is delineated by exploring theoretically the efficiency of sieving of different conformers of propane through the hypothesized triangular rigid pore-aperture of Zr-fum-fcu-MOF.
A CMOS current-mode log(x) and log(1/x) functions generator (2013)

A novel Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) current-mode low-voltage and low-power controllable logarithmic function circuit is presented. The proposed design utilises one Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) and two PMOS transistors biased in weak inversion region. The proposed design provides high dynamic range, controllable amplitude, high accuracy and is insensitive to temperature variations. The circuit operates on a ±0.6 V power supply and consumes 0.3 μW. The functionality of the proposed circuit was verified using HSPICE with 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS process technology.
On generalized max-min rate allocation and distributed convergence algorithm for packet networks (2004)

We consider the fundamental problem of bandwidth allocation among flows in a packet-switched network. The classical max-min rate allocation has been widely regarded as a fair rate allocation policy. But, for a flow with a minimum rate requirement and a peak rate constraint, the classical max-min policy no longer suffices to determine rate allocation since it is not capable of supporting either the minimum rate or the peak rate constraint from a flow. We generalize the theory of the classical max-min rate allocation with the support of both the minimum rate and peak rate constraints for each flow. Additionally, to achieve generalized max-min rate allocation in a fully distributed packet network, we present a distributed algorithm that uses a feedback-based flow control mechanism. Our design not only offers a fresh perspective on flow marking technique, but also advances the state-of-the-art flow marking technique favored by other researchers. We provide proof that such a distributed algorithm, through asynchronous iterations, will always converge to the generalized max-min rate allocation under any network configuration and any set of link distances. We use simulation results to demonstrate the fast convergence property of the distributed algorithm.