gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Necessity, coherence and mutual trust and confidence: Commonwealth bank of Australia v barker (2013)

Professor Brodie has observed that the implied term of mutual trust and confidence 'constitutes judicial recognition of the fact that the employment contract is not just about economic exchange but also social or personal relations.' While the term is 'well-established' in the United Kingdom, there is significant uncertainty about the existence, nature and scope of the term in Australia. In Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Barker, a Full Court of the Federal Court held, by majority, that the term of mutual trust and confidence is implied by law into all contracts of employment in Australia. This is the first time that an intermediate appellate court in Australia has accepted the implied term as part of the ratio decidendi of its decision and awarded damages for breach of the term. The key proposition emerging from the majority judgment in Barker is that the implied term of mutual trust and confidence satisfies the test of necessity for terms implied by law. Following an examination of the majority and dissenting judgments in Barker, this paper evaluates the accuracy of that key proposition.
Thermophilic methane production from cattle waste (1977)

Methane production from waste of cattle fed a finishing diet was investigated, using four 3-liter-working volume anaerobic digestors at 60 degrees C. At 55 degrees C a start-up culture, in which waste was the only source of bacteria, was generated within 8 days and readily adapted to 60 degrees C, where efficiency of methanogenesis was greater. Increasing the temperature from 60 to 65 degrees C tended to drastically lower efficiency. When feed concentrations of volatile solids (VS, organic matter) were increased in steps of 2% after holding for 1 months at a given concentration, the maximum concentrations for efficient fermentation were 8.2, 10.0, 11.6, and 11.6% for the retention times (RT) of 3, 6, 9, and 12 days, respectively. The VS destructions for these and lower feed concentrations were 31 to 37, 36 to 40, 47 to 49 and 51 to 53% for the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-day RT digestors, respectively, and the corresponding methane production rates were about 0.16, 0.18, 0.20, and 0.22 liters/day per g of VS in the feed. Gas contained 52 to 57% methane. At the above RT and feed concentrations, alkalinity rose to 5,000 to 7,700 mg of CaCo3 per liter (pH to 7.5 to 7.8), NH3 plus NH4+ to 64 to 90 mM, and total volatile acids to 850 to 2,050 mg/liter as acetate. The 3-day RT digestor was quite stable up to 8.2% feed VS and at this feed concentration produced methane at the very high rate of 4.5 liters/day per liter of digestor. Increasing the percentage of feed VS beyond those values indicated above resulted in greatly decreased organic matter destruction and methane production, variable decrease in pH, and increased alkalinity, ammonia, and total volatile acid concentrations, with propionate being the first to accumulate in large amounts. In a second experiment with another lot of waste, the results were similar. These studies indicate that loading rates can be much higher than those previously thought useful for maximizing methanogenesis from cattle waste.
A One-Parameter Family of Distributed Consensus Algorithms with Boundary: From Shortest Paths to Mean Hitting Times (2006)

We present a one-parameter family of consensus algorithms over a time-varying network of agents. The proposed family of algorithms contains the average and minimum consensus algorithms as two special cases. Furthermore, we investigate a closely related family of distributed algorithms which can be considered as a consensus scheme with fixed boundary conditions and constant inputs. The proposed algorithms recover both the Bellman-Ford iteration for finding shortest paths as well as the algorithm for calculating the mean hitting time of a random walk on a graph. Finally, we demonstrate the potential utility of these algorithms for routing in adhoc networks
Multimode corrugated waveguide feed for monopulse radar (1981)

The paper describes the behaviour of a multimode corrugated feed for use in monopulse radar. Four square input waveguides are used to excite sum-and difference-channel modes. With appropriate choice of parameters it is possible to generate radiation patterns with low crosspolarisation thus allowing the polarisation characteristics of a target to be obtained. The results of an anlysis of the relevant waveguide discontinuity problem are presented and a means to compensate phase differences between modes is also described. Some preliminary experimantal results are found to be in accord with theory.
Evolution concept and candidate technologies for future steps of LTE-A (2012)

This paper presents our views on the evolution concept and candidate technologies for future steps of 3GPP LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), which was the first major step in the continuous evolution of LTE. In the future steps of LTE-A, we will need to ensure the sustainability of 3GPP radio access technologies in order to respond to the anticipated challenging requirements in the future. Taking into account the ever-increasing importance of local area (small cells) and the need for further spectrum extension in particular, we present a common evolution concept for the future steps of LTE-A (referred to as LTE-B, C, and so on). This concept emphasizes integration of local area and wide area and focuses on frequency-separated deployment between local area and wide area as an important scenario for the efficient utilization of higher frequency bands. Furthermore, we identify key potential technologies for further spectrum efficiency enhancements, e.g., 3D/massive MIMO/beamforming, receiver interference cancellation, and dynamic TDD, and for integrating local area with wide area assuming the frequency-separated scenario using the proposed macro-assisted small cell that we refer to as a Phantom cell.
Engineering <i>Escherichia coli</i> for efficient conversion of glucose to pyruvate (2004)

Escherichia coli TC44, a derivative of W3110, was engineered for the production of pyruvate from glucose by combining mutations to minimize ATP yield, cell growth, and CO2 production (DeltaatpFH DeltaadhE DeltasucA) with mutations that eliminate acetate production [poxB::FRT (FLP recognition target) DeltaackA] and fermentation products (DeltafocA-pflB DeltafrdBC DeltaldhA DeltaadhE). In mineral salts medium containing glucose as the sole carbon source, strain TC44(DeltafocA-pflB DeltafrdBC DeltaldhA DeltaatpFH DeltaadhE DeltasucA poxB::FRT DeltaackA) converted glucose to pyruvate with a yield of 0.75 g of pyruvate per g of glucose (77.9% of theoretical yield; 1.2 g of pyruvate liters(-1).h(-1)). A maximum of 749 mM pyruvate was produced with excess glucose. Glycolytic flux was >50% faster for TC44 producing pyruvate than for the wild-type W3110 during fully aerobic metabolism. The tolerance of E. coli to such drastic changes in metabolic flow and energy production implies considerable elasticity in permitted pool sizes for key metabolic intermediates such as pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. In strain TC44, pyruvate yield, pyruvate titer, and the rate of pyruvate production in mineral salts medium were equivalent or better than previously reported for other biocatalysts (yeast and bacteria) requiring complex vitamin feeding strategies and complex nutrients. TC44 offers the potential to improve the economics of pyruvate production by reducing the costs of materials, product purification, and waste disposal.
Etude, fabrication et propriétés de transport de transistors CMOS associant un diélectrique haute permittivité et un canal de conduction haute mobilité (2005)

La miniaturisation des transistors CMOS permet d'améliorer les performances, la densité d'intégration et le coût des circuits électroniques. Plusieurs ruptures technologiques concernant l'architecture et les matériaux des transistors doivent s'additionner pour atteindre les dimensions ultimes, à l'échelle de l'atome. L'introduction d'un diélectrique haute permittivité comme isolant de grille à la place du SiO2 vise à améliorer le compromis épaisseur d'oxyde/courant de fuite de grille. Un canal haute mobilité doit permettre d'améliorer la vitesse des porteurs et donc le compromis vitesse (fréquence d'horloge)/puissance active des circuits. Cette thèse porte sur l'étude, la fabrication et les propriétés de transport de transistors CMOS cumulant ces deux nouvelles options technologiques. Ceci concerne en particulier des transistors avec un empilement de grille TiN/HfO2 : nMOS à canaux Si contraints, pMOS à canaux SiGe(:C) ou Ge contraints et une nouvelle architecture pMOS selon l'orientation cristallinne (111). Des gains en mobilité élevés par rapport aux transistors de référence HfO2/Si, pouvant atteindre +800% pour la mobilité des trous sur les transistors Ge contraints, sont obtenus conjointement avec l'effet du diélectrique HfO2 : une réduction de 4 décades du courant de fuite de grille par rapport à un oxyde SiO2. Une caractérisation électrique approfondie permet de montrer l'importance de l'optimisation de l'interface diélectrique/canal sur les gains en mobilité. Les caractéristiques des transistors sont analysées et discutées jusqu'à des longueurs de grille inférieures à 50nm. Finalement, la dégradation de la mobilité avec un empilement de grille TiN/HfO2, point critique limitant l'émergence de tels empilements, est analysée en détail et les mécanismes de collisions des porteurs sont déterminés expérimentalement.
The Bodhi-Therapist (1993)

SUMMARY This paper presents formulations and case studies that indicate the relevance of Buddhist meditation practice for the practice of psychotherapy. Samatha-vipassana meditation, the core of all Buddhist methods is described as a training in the cultivation of specific therapeutic talents that arise as concomitants of bodhicitta, awakened experience.
Hyaluronan synthase‐3 is upregulated in metastatic colon carcinoma cells and manipulation of expression alters matrix retention and cellular growth (2003)

HA is a glycosaminoglycan that is synthesized on the inner surface of the plasma membrane and secreted into the pericellular matrix. HA and its biosynthetic enzymes (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3) are thought to participate in tumor growth and cancer progression. In our study, colon carcinoma cells isolated from a lymph node metastasis (SW620) produced more pericellular HA and expressed higher levels of HAS3 mRNA compared to cells isolated from a primary colon carcinoma (SW480). To assess functionality, HAS3 expression in SW620 cells was inhibited by transfection with an asHAS3 construct. Decreased HA secretion and cell-surface retention by asHAS3 transfectants were confirmed using competitive binding and particle exclusion assays. Anchorage-independent growth, a correlate of tumor growth in vivo, was assessed by colony formation in soft agar. SW620 cells stably transfected with asHAS3 demonstrated significant growth inhibition, as evidenced by fewer colonies and smaller colony area than either SW620 cells or cells transfected with vector alone. Addition of exogenous HA restored growth in asHAS3 transfectants. Thus, we demonstrate that pericellular HA secretion and retention and HAS3 expression are increased in metastatic colon carcinoma cells relative to cells derived from a primary tumor. Inhibition of HAS3 expression in these cells decreased the pericellular HA matrix and inhibited anchorage-independent growth. These data suggest that HA and HAS3 function in the growth and progression of colon carcinoma.
Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>‐like material in scale of psoriatic skin lesions (1984)

Acidic lipid extracts of scale from the lesions of the skin disease, psoriasis, were purified by straight phase high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). Assay of fractions by an agarose microdroplet chemokinesis method showed the presence of biologically active material that coeluted with standard leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4-like chemokinetic activity was also detected in fractions collected on reversed phase h.p.l.c. of psoriatic scale extracts that were initially purified by straight phase h.p.l.c. No LTB4-like activity was detected after similar purification of scale obtained by abrasion of large areas of normal skin. The LTB4-like material found in extracts of psoriatic scale may play a role in the pathogenesis of the neutrophil infiltrate which characterizes psoriasis.
Aerial Spray Nozzle Test in IEA-I High Speed Wind Tunnel (2016)

<abstract> <b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> The distribution and mechanism of the droplet generated by the aerial spray nozzles mounted on the fixed-wing agricultural aircraft remains a hot research issue of aerial plant protection. The present paper describes a high speed wind tunnel atomization study of the droplet generated by an air induction nozzle and a flat fan nozzle. The experiment is conducted in the IEA-I high speed wind tunnel at NERCIEA with Marvern Spraytec Laser Diffraction system. The measurement point is set at 0.15m, 0.25m and 0.35m away from the orifice of the nozzle. The wind speed range is from 150km/h to 305km/h, and the tube pressure is set about 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa and 0.5MPa. The results of the experiment to the LU-120-03 nozzle showed that when the wind speed increase from 120km/h to 305km/h, the Dv0.5 of the droplets decreased from 220Î¼m to 130Î¼m. The Dv0.5 of the droplets generated by the IDK-120-03 nozzle decreased much rapidly from 450Î¼m to 150Î¼m. The measuring distance from the orifice of the nozzle is also found important to the diameter and relative span of the droplets. In our results, 0.35m away from the orifice of the nozzle is found to be a proper measuring point, where the droplets are fully atomized and the flow quality of the wind tunnel is good enough for the test.
A W-band integrated silicon-germanium loop-back and front-end transmit-receive switch for Built-in-self-test (2015)

This paper presents a front-end switch that integrates the ability to provide both loop-back testing and transmit-receive operation. In addition, power detectors are integrated with capacitive couplers to sense the power levels at the transmitter output and the receiver input. The measured results show the power detectors have constant responsivity and can predict the power level within 0.5 dB. These capabilities are added to the front-end switch while maintaining an insertion loss of 2.3-2.5 dB and an isolation of 19.5 dB at 94 GHz.
A Review of Titanium Zirconium (TiZr) Alloys for Use in Endosseous Dental Implants (2012)

Dental implants made from binary titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloys have shown promise as a high strength, yet biocompatible alternative to pure titanium, particularly for applications requiring small diameter implants. The aim of this review is to summarize existing literature reporting on the use of binary TiZr alloys for endosseous dental implant applications as tested in vitro, in animals and clinically. And furthermore to show that TiZr is “at least as good as” pure titanium in terms of biocompatibility and osseointergration. From the twelve papers that met the inclusion criteria, the current literature confirms that TiZr alloys produce small diameter implants with a strength up to 40% higher than conventional, cold-worked, grade IV titanium implants, and with a corrosion resistance and biocompatibility that is at least as good as pure titanium. The surface structure of TiZr is compatible with established surface treatments proven to aid in the osseointegration of titanium implants. Furthermore, binary TiZr alloys have been shown to achieve good osseointegration and high success rates both in animal and in clinical studies.
UTX demethylase activity is required for satellite cell–mediated muscle regeneration (2016)

The X chromosome-encoded histone demethylase UTX (also known as KDM6A) mediates removal of repressive trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) to establish transcriptionally permissive chromatin. Loss of UTX in female mice is embryonic lethal. Unexpectedly, male UTX-null mice escape embryonic lethality due to expression of UTY, a paralog that lacks H3K27 demethylase activity, suggesting an enzyme-independent role for UTX in development and thereby challenging the need for active H3K27 demethylation in vivo. However, the requirement for active H3K27 demethylation in stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration remains untested. Here, we employed an inducible mouse KO that specifically ablates Utx in satellite cells (SCs) and demonstrated that active H3K27 demethylation is necessary for muscle regeneration. Loss of UTX in SCs blocked myofiber regeneration in both male and female mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that UTX mediates muscle regeneration through its H3K27 demethylase activity, as loss of demethylase activity either by chemical inhibition or knock-in of demethylase-dead UTX resulted in defective muscle repair. Mechanistically, dissection of the muscle regenerative process revealed that the demethylase activity of UTX is required for expression of the transcription factor myogenin, which in turn drives differentiation of muscle progenitors. Thus, we have identified a critical role for the enzymatic activity of UTX in activating muscle-specific gene expression during myofiber regeneration and have revealed a physiological role for active H3K27 demethylation in vivo.
Text extraction from gray scale historical document images using adaptive local connectivity map (2005)

This paper presents an algorithm using adaptive local connectivity map for retrieving text lines from the complex handwritten documents such as handwritten historical manuscripts. The algorithm is designed for solving the particularly complex problems seen in handwritten documents. These problems include fluctuating text lines, touching or crossing text lines and low quality image that do not lend themselves easily to binarizations. The algorithm is based on connectivity features similar to local projection profiles, which can be directly extracted from gray scale images. The proposed technique is robust and has been tested on a set of complex historical handwritten documents such as Newton's and Galileo's manuscripts. A preliminary testing shows a successful location rate of above 95% for the test set.
Rare-Earth Amidate Complexes. Easily Accessed Initiators For ε-Caprolactone Ring-Opening Polymerization (2008)

The direct synthesis of yttrium amidate complexes using the simple reaction of amide proligands and Y(N(SiMe3)2)3 results in the high-yielding preparation and isolation of crystalline, monomeric materials. The complex, tris(N-2',6'-diisopropylphenyl(naphthyl)amidate)yttrium mono(tetrahydrofuran) (4), was structurally determined to be a 7-coordinate C1 symmetric structure, maintaining one bound tetrahydrofuran molecule. Compound 4 (C12H17[NCO]C10H7)3Y(C4H8O) crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 13.7820(11) A, b = 33.598(3) A, c = 16.0575(12) A, alpha = 90 degrees, beta = 98.762(3) degrees, gamma = 90 degrees, Z = 4. Solution phase NMR spectroscopic characterization of this same complex showed a highly symmetric species, consistent with a fluxional coordination environment for these compounds. Preliminary studies into the initiation of epsilon-caprolactone ring-opening polymerization using these complexes indicate high activity, producing high molecular weight polymer.
Natural demodulation of two-dimensional fringe patterns II Stationary phase analysis of the spiral phase quadrature transform (2001)

Utilizing the asymptotic method of stationary phase, I derive expressions for the Fourier transform of a two-dimensional fringe pattern. The method assumes that both the amplitude and the phase of the fringe pattern are well-behaved differentiable functions. Applying the limits in two distinct ways, I show, first, that the spiral phase (or vortex) transform approaches the ideal quadrature transform asymptotically and, second, that the approximation errors increase with the relative curvature of the fringes. The results confirm the validity of the recently proposed spiral phase transform method for the direct demodulation of closed fringe patterns.
Nelfinavir Induces Adipocyte Insulin Resistance through the Induction of Oxidative Stress: Differential Protective Effect of Antioxidant Agents (2006)

Induction of oxidative stress plays a role in adipocyte insulin resistance and apoptosis induced by NFV through a radical-dependent but thiol-independent mechanism(s). The results may suggest a new mechanism for the adverse effects of NFV on fat cells, and offer potential new intervention approaches.
A novel gene cluster allows preferential utilization of fucosylated milk oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum SC596 (2016)

The infant intestinal microbiota is often colonized by two subspecies of Bifidobacterium longum: subsp. infantis (B. infantis) and subsp. longum (B. longum). Competitive growth of B. infantis in the neonate intestine has been linked to the utilization of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). However, little is known how B. longum consumes HMO. In this study, infant-borne B. longum strains exhibited varying HMO growth phenotypes. While all strains efficiently utilized lacto-N-tetraose, certain strains additionally metabolized fucosylated HMO. B. longum SC596 grew vigorously on HMO, and glycoprofiling revealed a preference for consumption of fucosylated HMO. Transcriptomes of SC596 during early-stage growth on HMO were more similar to growth on fucosyllactose, transiting later to a pattern similar to growth on neutral HMO. B. longum SC596 contains a novel gene cluster devoted to the utilization of fucosylated HMO, including genes for import of fucosylated molecules, fucose metabolism and two α-fucosidases. This cluster showed a modular induction during early growth on HMO and fucosyllactose. This work clarifies the genomic and physiological variation of infant-borne B. longum to HMO consumption, which resembles B. infantis. The capability to preferentially consume fucosylated HMO suggests a competitive advantage for these unique B. longum strains in the breast-fed infant gut.
REVIEW ON VEIN ENHANCEMENT METHODS FOR BIOMETRIC SYSTEM (2015)

Vein biometric system uses vein inside human body as a unique identification. Researchers have concluded that human vein pattern is unique to an individual. Vein pattern cannot be stolen or duplicated because it is in the human body. At present, vein pattern in finger, palm, palm-dorsa and wrist of human are used for biometric system. This paper presents a review on vein enhancement methods. This paper begins with overview of vein detection and the advantages of vein as biometric modal. Next, the vein capturing technology to obtain the vein pattern in human body is presented. Finally, preceding works related to vein enhancement methods are discussed and reviewed
256 × 256 Turnover-type free-space multichannel optical switch based on polarization control using liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (1995)

Free-space multichannel optical switches using polarization control are attracting interest for future telecommunication networks and interconnection networks in computers. We describe a switching architecture, the turnover type, for such free-space multichannel optical switches. The architecture makes it possible to realize a large-scale and transparent optical switch that is also compact. A 256 × 256 multichannel optical switch based on the architecture is designed and fabricated. To the authors’ knowledge, the channel number of the fabricated switch is the largest yet reported among rearrangeable optical switches. Switching operation and signal transmission at 400 Mbits/s are performed successfully with a prototype switch.