gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limbic Neuropeptidergic Modulators of Emotion and Their Therapeutic Potential for Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (2021)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, increased reactivity to unpredictable versus predictable threat signals, deficits in fear extinction, and an inability to discriminate between threat and safety. First-line pharmacotherapies for psychiatric disorders have limited therapeutic efficacy in PTSD. However, recent studies have advanced our understanding of the roles of several limbic neuropeptides in the regulation of defensive behaviors and in the neural processes that are disrupted in PTSD. For example, preclinical studies have shown that blockers of tachykinin pathways, such as the Tac2 pathway, attenuate fear memory consolidation in mice and thus might have unique potential as early post-trauma interventions to prevent PTSD development. Targeting this pathway might also be beneficial in regulating other symptoms of PTSD, including trauma-induced aggressive behavior. In addition, preclinical and clinical studies have shown the important role of angiotensin receptors in fear extinction and the promise of using angiotensin II receptor blockade to reduce PTSD symptom severity. Additional preclinical studies have demonstrated that the oxytocin receptors foster accurate fear discrimination by facilitating fear responses to predictable versus unpredictable threats. Complementary human imaging studies demonstrate unique neural targets of intranasal oxytocin and compare its efficacy with well-established anxiolytic treatments. Finally, promising data from human subjects have demonstrated that a selective vasopressin 1A receptor antagonist reduces anxiety induced by unpredictable threats. This review highlights these novel promising targets for the treatment of unique core elements of PTSD pathophysiology.
A robotic camera arm for increased situational awareness in telepresent on-orbit servicing (2010)

The major part of the recent research efforts in the field of robotic on-orbit servicing (OOS) has been spent on pursuing autonomous systems, such as Orbital Express or ETS-VII. TU Munich's Institute of Astronautics (LRT) considers the degree of flexibility required of an OOS system to be only achievable by keeping human operators in the loop, by means of telepresence. However, the absence of important sensory input, such as acoustic and tactile information and peripheral vision, the lack of reference points for discerning orientations, distances and velocities, and the unfamiliar behavior and motion of objects in space reduce the situational awareness of the human operator. In order to provide the human operator with additional visual input and to enable him/her to take up vantage points which would not be available by means of platform-fixed or manipulator-fixed sensors, the utility of a dedicated robotic camera arm is investigated which will be used by the human operator for judging relative attitude and position of chaser and target vehicle and for viewing the remote work site from otherwise unattainable angles and over obstacles. The stereo video stream delivered by this so-called ¿Third Eye¿ will be superimposed with head-up display type graphics in order to provide the operator with attitude and position cues. These enable him/her to integrate the additional visual information into his mental model of the surroundings. Operator performance and maneuver safety is also supported by the projection of laser grids onto the surfaces of the target satellite, thereby facilitating attitude and position determination during station keeping.
Miniaturized time-resolved Raman spectrometer for planetary science based on a fast single photon avalanche diode detector array (2016)

We present recent developments in time-resolved Raman spectroscopy instrumentation and measurement techniques for in situ planetary surface exploration, leading to improved performance and identification of minerals and organics. The time-resolved Raman spectrometer uses a 532 nm pulsed microchip laser source synchronized with a single photon avalanche diode array to achieve sub-nanosecond time resolution. This instrument can detect Raman spectral signatures from a wide variety of minerals and organics relevant to planetary science while eliminating pervasive background interference caused by fluorescence. We present an overview of the instrument design and operation and demonstrate high signal-to-noise ratio Raman spectra for several relevant samples of sulfates, clays, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Finally, we present an instrument design suitable for operation on a rover or lander and discuss future directions that promise great advancement in capability.
Analysis of the Comprehensive Tensile Relationship in Electrospun Silk Fibroin/Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Membranes (2017)

The mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber membranes are critical for their applications. A clear understanding of the mechanical properties that result from the characteristics of the individual fiber and membrane microstructure is vital in the design of fiber composites. In this reported study, silk fibroin (SF)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composite nanofiber membranes were preparedusing an electrostatic spinning technology. The nanofiber orientation distribution (FOD) of the membrane was analyzed using multi-layer image fusion technology, and the results indicated the presence of an approximately uniform distribution of fibers in the electrospun membranes. The relationship between the single nanofiber and the membrane was established by analyzing the geometrical structure of the cell by employing a representative volume element (RVE) analysis method. The mechanical properties of the 272 nm diameter SF/PCL composite fibers were then predicted using the developed model.
Efek Ekstrak Biji Leucaena leucocephala L. terhadap Profil Lipid Darah Tikus Diabetes (2004)

The use of Leucaena leucochepala as an antidiabetic has already been known in society, but the support experiment was very rare. The purpose of this experiment is to know whether the extract of L. leucochepala semen have an effect to the blood lipid profile of a NIDDM rat which is streptozotocin (stz) induced. It is made in 6 groups, each group consist of 5 rats. Group 1: Normal control, group 2: Negative control (stz), group 3: Positive control (clorpropamid), group 4: Extract of Leucaena semen low dose (0.25 g/kg BW), group 5: Extract of Leucaena semen medium dose (0.5 g/kg BW) and group 6: Extract Leucaena semen high dose (1 g/kg BW). Rats are made hiperglycemia with iv induction of stz 50 mg/kg BW. Chlorpropamid and Leucaena semen extract are given orally. The experiment results of blood sugar level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL are analyzed by ANOVA and continued with BNT test (p < 0.05). The result from the experiment is the high reduction of blood sugar level from the Leucaena semen extract high dose in amount of 65.30%. Results from the total cholesterol level of group 1:61.60 mg/dl, group 2: 91.60 mg/dl, group 3: 62.20 mg/dl, group 4: 76.00 mg/dl, group 5: 65.40 mg/dl and group 6: 55.80 mg/dl. Results from the triglyceride level of group 1: 83.40 mg/dl, group 2: 201.40 mg/dl, group 3: 133.40 mg/dl, group 4: 114.80 mg/dl, group 5: 93.20 mg/dl and group 6: 80.40 mg/dl. Results from the HDL level of group 1: 47.60 mg/dl, group 2: 26.40 mg/dl, group 3: 35.20 mg/dl, group 4: 43.40 mg/dl, group 5:58.40 mg/dl and group 6: 90.40 mg/dl. Results from the LDL level of group 1: -2.68 mg/dl, group 2:26.72 mg/dl, group 3: 0.32 mg/dl, group 4: 9.64 mg/dl, group 5:-11.64 mg/dl and group 6: -50.16 mg/dl.
Mechanism of action of ATP on canine pulmonary vagal C fibre nerve terminals. (1996)

1. The effects of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on pulmonary vagal afferent fibres (n = 46) was studied in a canine model in vivo (n = 38). 2. ATP (3-6 mumol kg-1), administered as a rapid bolus into the right atrium, elicited a transient burst of action potentials in cervical vagal fibres, which was not affected by either blockade of ganglionic transmission (hexamethonium) or a drop in arterial blood pressure (nitroglycerine). 3. The fibres with ATP-sensitive terminals were otherwise quiescent with no activity related to either cardiac or respiratory cycles and their conduction velocity was 0.85 +/- 0.13 m s-1 (n = 7). 4. Inflation of the lungs to 2-3 times the tidal volume triggered brief bursts of action potentials in these fibres. 5. Capsaicin (10 micrograms kg-1), given as a rapid bolus into the right atrium, elicited a burst of action potentials in these ATP-sensitive fibres. 6. Smaller amounts of ATP and capsaicin (0.5-3 mumol kg-1 and 1-5 micrograms kg-1, respectively) had similar effects when the two compounds were given into the right pulmonary artery. 7. Adenosine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, or adenosine 5'-diphosphate did not excite these fibres (n = 30). 8. The non-degradable analogue of ATP alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-mATP) was tenfold more potent than ATP while beta,gamma-methylene ATP (beta,gamma-mATP) was in active. 9. The selective P2x-purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid markedly attenuated the effect of ATP but not of capsaicin. The P2Y-purinoceptor antagonist Reactive Blue 2 was without effect. 10. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) did not affect this action of ATP. 11. In the canine lungs ATP activates vagal C fibre nerve terminals. This action is mediated by P2X-purinoceptors and is independent of a PTX-sensitive guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein).
Update on castrate-resistant prostate cancer: 2010 (2010)

Systemic therapy options are limited in CRPC and survival benefit remains to be seen with the new therapies. Circulating tumor cells continue to provide important prognostic information and will likely become an important aspect of future clinical decision-making.
An architecture and implementation of image scaling conversion (2002)

Cubic and bisigmoidal interpolation methods are used for image scaling to improve the video quality. We have developed an efficient architecture with the hardware complexity reduced. The system is implemented and verified by the FPGA-based evaluation board.
Thermoresponsive Deformable Actuators Prepared by Local Electrochemical Reduction of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels (2018)

Inspired by the shape deformations of plants with inhomogeneous structures, more and more attention has been paid to prepare deformable actuators with inhomogeneous structures and precisely program their shape deformations. Here, we report a simple and novel method to prepare graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide (GO/RGO) nanocomposite hydrogel-based deformable actuators by local electrochemical reduction of homogeneous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/GO (PNIPAM/GO) hydrogels. GO nanosheets in PNIPAM/GO hydrogels can be reduced in an electrolytic cell made of two indium–tin oxide (ITO) glass plates, and local reduction can be realized by pasting patterned insulating stickers onto the cathodal ITO glass plate. The reduction of GO nanosheets leads to the breakage of hydrogen bonding between GO nanosheets and PNIPAM chains and hence lower cross-linking densities of the reduced regions. Therefore, the difference in the swelling/deswelling behaviors between the reduced and unreduced sides (or regions) enables the shape deformations of the PNIPAM/GO hydrogels, and their deformation degrees can be adjusted by changing their composition and thickness as well as the parameters of electrochemical reduction (e.g., applied voltage and reduction time). Very impressively, shape deformations from one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) and 2D to three-dimensional (3D) can be programmed by appropriate designing reduced regions on 1D hydrogel strips or 2D hydrogel sheets. As a representative example, a 3D “scorpion” with uplifted head/tail and an arched belly could deform from a 2D “scorpion” with the reduced head/tail on the same side and the reduced belly on the opposite side.
Deep Learning Localization for Self-driving Cars (2017)

Identifying the location of an autonomous car with the help of visual sensors can be a good alternative to traditional approaches like Global Positioning Systems (GPS) which are often inaccurate and absent due to insufficient network coverage. Recent research in deep learning has produced excellent results in different domains leading to the proposition of this thesis which uses deep learning to solve the problem of localization in smart cars with visual data.\nDeep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) were used to train models on visual data corresponding to unique locations throughout a geographic location. In order to evaluate the performance of these models, multiple datasets were created from Google Street View as well as manually by driving a golf cart around the campus while collecting GPS tagged frames. The efficacy of the CNN models was also investigated across different weather/light conditions.\nValidation accuracies as high as 98% were obtained from some of these models, proving that this novel method has the potential to act as an alternative or aid to traditional GPS based localization methods for cars. The root mean square (RMS) precision of Google Maps is often between 2-10m. However, the precision required for the navigation of self-driving cars is between 2-10cm. Empirically, this precision has been achieved with the help of different error-correction systems on GPS feedback. The proposed method was able to achieve an approximate localization precision of 25 cm without the help of any external error correction system.
Multi Branch Decision Tree: A New Splitting Criterion (2012)

In this paper, a new splitting criterion to build a decision tree is proposed. Splitting criterion specifies the best splitting variable and its threshold for further splitting in a tree. Giving the idea from classical Forward Selection method and its enhanced versions, the variable having the largest absolute correlation with the target value is chosen as the best splitting variable in each node. Then, the idea of maximizing the margin between classes in SVM is used to find the best threshold on the selected variable to classify the data. This procedure will execute recursively in each node, until reaching the leaf nodes. The final decision tree has a comparable shorter height than the previous methods, which effectively reduces more useless variables and the time of classification for future data. Unclassified regions are also generated, which can be interpreted as an advantage or disadvantage for the proposed method. Simulation results demonstrate this improvement in the proposed decision tree.
Tensions in learning content and technology: the experience of education students in a web-based research project (2004)

Abstract There has been little research on how a content-based teacher education course can embed effective training in the use of the World Wide Web to search for information and present learning outcomes. To address this gap, the present study documents the experience of 64 pre-service and inservice teachers who completed a web-based group project in an applied linguistics course. Participants expressed general appreciation of the experience but also felt tension between technology and content learning. The study raises questions about the role of technology in knowledge construction, teachers' beliefs regarding what constitutes learning in a content-based course, and how new technology can be used to enhance the learning of content knowledge.
Metastatic breast cancer patient perceptions of somatic tumor genomic testing (2020)

NCT01987726, registered November 13, 2013.
Gas-Phase and Microsolvated Glycine Interacting with Boron Nitride Nanotubes. A B3LYP-D2* Periodic Study (2014)

The adsorption of glycine (Gly) both in gas-phase conditions and in a microsolvated state on a series of zig-zag (n,0) single-walled boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs, n = 4, 6, 9 and 15) has been studied by means of B3LYP-D2* periodic calculations. Gas-phase Gly is found to be chemisorbed on the (4,0), (6,0) and (9,0) BNNTs by means of a dative interaction between the NH2 group of Gly and a B atom of the BNNTs, whose computed adsorption energies are gradually decreased by increasing the tube radius. On the (15,0) BNNT, Gly is found to be physisorbed with an adsorption driving force mainly dictated by p-stacking dispersion interactions. Gly adsorption in a microsolvated environment has been studied in the presence of seven water molecules by progressively microsolvating the dry Gly/BNNT interface. The most stable structures on the (6,0), (9,0) and (15,0) BNNTs present the Gly/BNNT interface fully bridged by the water solvent molecules; i.e., no direct contact between Gly and the BNNTs takes place, whereas on the (4,0) BNNT the most stable structure presents a unique direct interaction between the COO− Gly group and a B atom of the nanotube. Further energetic analyses indicate that the (6,0), (9,0) and (15,0) BNNTs exhibit a low water affinity, which favors the Gly/water interactions upon BNNT coadsorption. In contrast, the (4,0) BNNT has been found to show a large water affinity, bringing the replacement of adsorbed water by a microsolvated glycine molecule as an unfavorable process.
Effects of Monensin on Ruminal Forage Degradability and Total Tract Diet Digestibility in Lactating Dairy Cows During Grain-Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (2004)

The effects of monensin premix supplementation on ruminal pH characteristics and forage degradability, and total tract diet digestibility during grain-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in lactating dairy cows receiving a total mixed ration were investigated. Six multiparous, rumen-fistulated Holstein cows were used in a 2-treatment, 2-period (5 wk per period) crossover design. During wk 5 (d 29 to 35) of each period, SARA was induced using a grain challenge model, and ruminal pH was measured continuously using indwelling pH probes. Ruminal degradation of corn silage and alfalfa haylage was determined using the in situ (nylon bag) technique, and total tract diet digestibility was determined by total fecal collection during wk 5. Monensin supplementation did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield, and composition, and ruminal pH characteristics under these experimentally induced SARA conditions. Rates of ruminal forage fiber degradability were similar between control and monensin-treated cows; however, monensin supplementation increased total tract fiber digestion. This study indicates that monensin altered total tract nutrient digestion by increasing fiber digestion at postruminal sites.
Web Based Semantic Visualization to Explore Knowledge Spaces – An Approach for Learning by Exploring (2008)

Searching in web is a topic which gains importance for the daily life of everybody in today's information society. Web users have experienced the hype of Web 2.0, acquired knowledge about new innovative user interfaces like Flicker, Del.ico.us, Google Maps and YouTube and become User 2.0. Now they are ready to move towards new semantic technologies and semantic visualization techniques. This paper introduces the tool "SemaVis", a innovative tool for semantic visualization. SemaVis allows users to navigate through knowledge spaces and to build own mind maps. It can used to support "Learning by Exploring" in different pedagogical approaches. Furthermore, it allows users to configure knowledge spaces and to organize their placement in the same way as they are used to do on their desktop or pin board. As a case study, usage of SemaVis in project UNITE (Unified eLearning environment for the schools), partly funded by EU, is presented.
Recent Advances in the Understanding of the Influence of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Protein Crystal Growth (2016)

In this contribution we use nonconventional methods that help to increase the success rate of a protein crystal growth, and consequently of structural projects using X-ray diffraction techniques. In order to achieve this purpose, this contribution presents new approaches involving more sophisticated techniques of protein crystallization, not just for growing protein crystals of different sizes by using electric fields, but also for controlling crystal size and orientation. This latter was possible through the use of magnetic fields that allow to obtain protein crystals suitable for both high-resolution X-ray and neutron diffraction crystallography where big crystals are required. This contribution discusses some pros, cons and realities of the role of electromagnetic fields in protein crystallization research, and their effect on protein crystal contacts. Additionally, we discuss the importance of room and low temperatures during data collection. Finally, we also discuss the effect of applying a rather strong magnetic field of 16.5 T, for shorts and long periods of time, on protein crystal growth, and on the 3D structure of two model proteins.
Evolutionary ecology of insect adaptation to Bt crops (2010)

Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are used worldwide to control major pests of corn and cotton. Development of strategies to delay the evolution of pest resistance to Bt crops requires an understanding of factors affecting responses to natural selection, which include variation in survival on Bt crops, heritability of resistance, and fitness advantages associated with resistance mutations. The two main strategies adopted for delaying resistance are the refuge and pyramid strategies. Both can reduce heritability of resistance, but pyramids can also delay resistance by reducing genetic variation for resistance. Seasonal declines in the concentration of Bt toxins in transgenic cultivars, however, can increase the heritability of resistance. The fitness advantages associated with resistance mutations can be reduced by agronomic practices, including increasing refuge size, manipulating refuges to increase fitness costs, and manipulating Bt cultivars to reduce fitness of resistant individuals. Manipulating costs and fitness of resistant individuals on transgenic insecticidal crops may be especially important for thwarting evolution of resistance in haplodiploid and parthenogenetic pests. Field-evolved resistance to Bt crops in only five pests during the last 14 years suggests that the refuge strategy has successfully delayed resistance, but the accumulation of resistant pests could accelerate.
Ethanol as a Prodrug: Brain Metabolism of Ethanol Mediates its Reinforcing Effects (2011)

The study strongly suggests that to generate reward and reinforcement, ethanol must be metabolized into acetaldehyde in the brain. Data suggest novel targets for interventions aimed at reducing chronic alcohol intake.