gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects African Green Monkeys from Hendra Virus Challenge (2011)

Hendra virus (HeV) is a recently emerged zoonotic paramyxovirus that can cause a severe and often fatal disease in horses and humans. HeV is categorized as a biosafety level 4 agent, which has made the development of animal models and testing of potential therapeutics and vaccines challenging. Infection of African green monkeys (AGMs) with HeV was recently demonstrated, and disease mirrored fatal HeV infection in humans, manifesting as a multisystemic vasculitis with widespread virus replication in vascular tissues and severe pathologic manifestations in the lung, spleen, and brain. Here, we demonstrate that m102.4, a potent HeV-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (hmAb), can protect AGMs from disease after infection with HeV. Fourteen AGMs were challenged intratracheally with a lethal dose of HeV, and 12 subjects were infused twice with a 100-mg dose of m102.4 beginning at either 10, 24, or 72 hours after infection and again about 48 hours later. The presence of viral RNA, infectious virus, and HeV-specific immune responses demonstrated that all subjects were infected after challenge. All 12 AGMs that received m102.4 survived infection, whereas the untreated control subjects succumbed to disease on day 8 after infection. Animals in the 72-hour treatment group exhibited neurological signs of disease, but all animals started to recover by day 16 after infection. These results represent successful post-exposure in vivo efficacy by an investigational drug against HeV and highlight the potential impact a hmAb can have on human disease.
Cdx-2 Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the <i>Human Vitamin D Receptor</i> Gene Determines Susceptibility to Fracture in the Elderly (2003)

The location of the G to A substitution was found in the promoter region of exon le (le-G-1739A) of the VDR gene. By comparing the frequency of the A-allele in eight different ethnic groups, we observed a negative correlation between prevalence of the A-allele and published hip fracture incidence rates in these ethnic groups (p = 0.006 for men and p = 0.02 for women), suggesting a protective effect of this allele on fracture risk. Subsequently, in the association study, the A-allele (population frequency 19%) was observed to have a protective effect on occurrence of osteoporotic fractures, especially for nonvertebral fracture in women (relative risk of AA versus GG genotype is 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05-0.8). This effect remained after adjustment for age, weight, and bone mineral density. We conclude that the A-allele of the VDR Cdx-2 polymorphism is present in whites, albeit at low frequency, and show a protective effect of this allele on risk of fracture.
Photonic interconnect with superconducting electronics for large-scale neuromorphic computing (Invited paper) (2017)

Advanced neuromorphic systems require massive interconnectivity, extreme energy efficiency, and complex signaling mechanisms. Here we propose an integrated optoelectronic platform utilizing superconducting electronics with photonic signaling to enable neuromorphic computing beyond the scale of the human brain.
Inhibition of T-cell reactivity to myasthenogenic epitopes of the human acetylcholine receptor by synthetic analogs. (1993)

The synthetic peptides p195-212 and p259-271, representing amino acids 195-212 and 259-271 of the alpha subunit of the human acetylcholine receptor, preferentially stimulate T cells of patients with myasthenia gravis and are immunodominant T-cell epitopes in SJL and BALB/c mice, respectively. We designed and synthesized analogs of these peptides that contain single amino acid substitutions. An analog of peptide p195-212, no. 455 (Met-207-->Ala), was capable of inhibiting up to 100% of the proliferative responses of a p195-212-specific T-cell line originating from the high-responder strain SJL. Similarly, an analog of p259-271, no. 306 (Glu-262-->Lys), was capable of inhibiting up to 93% of the proliferative responses of the p259-271-specific T-cell line originating from high-responder BALB/c mice. Analog 306 also inhibited up to 43% of the proliferative responses of p259-271-primed lymph node cells in an in vitro proliferation assay. To test the in vivo inhibitory activity of the analogs, mice were primed with the myasthenogenic peptides in complete Freund's adjuvant concomitant with administration of the analogs in aqueous solution. Administration of analogs 455 and 306 led to decreased proliferative responses of up to 70% by peptide p199-212-primed lymph node cells and up to 85% by peptide p259-271-primed lymph node cells. Similar results were obtained whether the analogs were administered i.v. or i.p. Thus, these analogs are good candidates for specific immunomodulatory therapy for patients with myasthenia gravis.
Equivalence class verification and oracle-free testing using two-layer covering arrays (2015)

This short paper introduces a method for verifying equivalence classes for module/unit testing. This is achieved using a two-layer covering array, in which some or all values of a primary covering array represent equivalence classes. A second layer covering array of the equivalence class values is computed, and its values substituted for the equivalence class names in the primary array. It is shown that this method can detect certain classes of errors without a conventional test oracle, and an illustrative example is given.
Improved saccharification of pilot-scale acid pretreated wheat straw by exploiting the synergistic behavior of lignocellulose degrading enzymes (2015)

Improved saccharification by exploiting the synergism between biomass degrading enzymes.
Transient Photoacoustic Monitoring of Pulsed Laser Drilling (1982)

A noncontact transient photoacoustic technique has been developed to monitor a pulse laser drilling process. Application to the drilling of holes in a composite epoxyglass material is presented. A novel application of combined pyroelectric and piezoelectric sensing in this geometry is also discussed. Text
Preserved-traveltime Smoothing (2011)

Most ray-based migration- and tomography methods require some degree of smoothness in the depth velocity models. A drawback of the conventional smoothing is errors in the traveltimes at the discontinuities of the velocity models. These errors are offset-dependent and they cause errors in both depth and RMO. Here we propose a new method, Preserved-Traveltime Smoothing (PTS) that preserves traveltimes (and hence depths) at these discontinuities. This is done by smoothing of composite anisotropic velocity parameters using a specific convolution filter.
Chemical proteomics and characterization of [1,3,6]-trisubstituted-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidin-4-ones: A novel class of selective CDK/CRK inhibitors (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

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[1,3,6]-trisubstituted-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidin-4-ones constitute a novel class of potent inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) [1, 2]. Here, we describe the application of three-hybrid proteome scanning methodologies to the characterization of the target spectrum and biological activities of select compounds of this chemical class. These compounds were found to exhibit a remarkable selectivity for a subset of CDKs and CDK-related kinases (CRKs). The CDK/CRK target spectra varied significantly among various analogs, indicating that the [1,3,6]-trisubstituted-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidin-4-one chemical scaffold provides a unique platform for the design and optimization of compounds with potentially diverse therapeutic applications, including compounds with potent apoptosis-inducing anticancer activities. 1. Markwalder, J.A et al. (2004). Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. J Med Chem 47 , 5894-5911. 2. Caligiuri, M et al. (2005). A Proteome-Wide CDK/CRK-Specific Kinase Inhibitor Promotes Tumor Cell Death in the Absence of Cell Cycle Progression. Chem Biol 12 , 1103-1115.
Identification of Relaxin-3/INSL7 as a Ligand for GPCR142 (2003)

We have recently identified the insulin-like peptide relaxin-3 (aka INSL7) as the endogenous ligand for an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPCR135 (aka somatostatin- and angiotensin-like peptide receptor). Analysis of possible receptors related to GPCR135 revealed a single orphan receptor, GPCR142. Thus, we tested whether GPCR142 could also respond to relaxin-3 or related insulin-like molecules. Surprisingly, GPCR142 was activated by nanomolar concentrations of relaxin-3 but was completely unresponsive to all other known insulin-like peptides. We evaluated by reverse transcriptase-PCR the expression of GPCR142 mRNA in a variety of human tissues and found expression in brain, kidney, testis, thymus, placenta, prostate, salivary gland, thyroid, and colon. In an analysis of other species, we were able to find a full-length mouse homolog of GPCR142, but were unable to detect any complete GPCR142 transcripts in rat. With respect to intracellular signaling, GPCR142 is similar to GPCR135 in that it potently inhibits adenylate cyclase and stimulates 35S-GTPgammaS incorporation in response to relaxin-3. However, whereas GPCR135 signaling could be converted to calcium mobilization using a Gqi5 or Galpha16 G-proteins, GPCR142 was only capable of functioning in the presence of Galpha16. In the accompanying article (Liu, C., Eriste, E., Sutton, S., Chen, J., Roland, B., Kuei, C., Farmer, N., Jörnvall, H., Sillard, R., and Lovenberg, T. W. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 50754-50764), we present the case that relaxin-3, which has previously been shown to bind to the relaxin receptor LGR7, is most likely the endogenous ligand for GPCR135. In this report, we show an additional receptor, GPCR142, which is also selectively activated by relaxin-3. However, the anatomical localization of GPCR142 suggests that GPCR142 may have different physiological functions.
<title>InP:Fe Picosecond Photoconductors</title> (1983)

We have measured the impulse response of InP:Fe photoconductors to mode-locked dye laser. excitation. Bias, excitation, and Fe concentration dependence of the impulse response are reported. Linearity of response over two decades in both bias and excitation and independence of transient-response pulse width to both bias and excitation are demonstrated. Correlation is observed between Fe concentration and transient response pulse width. Finally, optical electronic autocorrelation of impulse response consistent with the sampling oscilloscope measurements is reported.
Data-driven approach to designing compound words for continuous speech recognition (2001)

We present a new approach to deriving compound words from a training corpus. The motivation for making compound words is because under some assumptions, speech recognition errors occur less frequently in longer words. Furthermore, they also enable more accurate modeling of pronunciation variability at the boundary between adjacent words in a continuously spoken utterance. We introduce a measure based on the product between the direct and the reverse bigram probability of a pair of words for finding candidate pairs in order to create compound words. Our experimental results show that by augmenting both the acoustic vocabulary and the language model with these new tokens, the word recognition accuracy can be improved by absolute 2.8% (7% relative) on a voice mail continuous speech recognition task. We also compare the proposed measure for selecting compound words with other measures that have been described in the literature.
Design and Synthesis of Thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolines as DYRK1A Inhibitors, Part II (2014)

The convenient synthesis of a focused library (forty molecules) of novel 6,6,5-tricyclic thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolines was realized mainly under microwave irradiation. A novel 6-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-2,7-dicarbonitrile (1) was used as a versatile molecular platform for the synthesis of various derivatives. Kinase inhibition, of the obtained final compounds, was evaluated on a panel of two kinases (DYRK1A/1B) together with some known reference DYRK1A and DYRK1B inhibitors (harmine, TG003, NCGC-00189310 and leucettine L41). Compound IC50 values were obtained and compared. Five of the novel thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazoline derivatives prepared, EHT 5372 (8c), EHT 6840 (8h), EHT 1610 (8i), EHT 9851 (8k) and EHT 3356 (9b) displayed single-digit nanomolar or subnanomolar IC50 values and are among the most potent DYRK1A/1B inhibitors disclosed to date. DYRK1A/1B kinases are known to be involved in the regulation of various molecular pathways associated with oncology, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer disease, AD, or other tauopathies), genetic diseases (such as Down Syndrome, DS), as well as diseases involved in abnormal pre-mRNA splicing. The compounds described in this communication constitute a highly potent set of novel molecular probes to evaluate the biology/pharmacology of DYR1A/1B in such diseases.
Avidin–Biotin Technology: Preparation of Avidin Conjugates (2003)

The second step required in the application of avidin-biotin technology is to prepare an appropriate avidin-associated probe or probes for the desired application (for general reviews, see refs. 1 and 2). For example, a fluorescent form of avidin can be used for fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and in some cases, for immunoassay. Like-wise, an avidin-enzyme conjugate can be used for immunoblotting, immunoassay, light microscopy, and in some cases, electron microscopy. An immobilized form of avidin can be used for isolation purposes (see Note 1).
Corrosion protection of tank product side bottoms (2013)

Corrosion of storage tank product side bottoms and tanks of tankers is one of the most critical problems worldwide in oil and gas industry.The protection methods currently in use include cathodic protection systems (CPS) and soluble corrosion inhibitors (SCI).Crude oils contain water and various soluble inorganic and organic compounds.During the storage and transportation of crude oil, the sediment aqueous solutions (SAS) contains high concentrations of H 2 S, Cl -, 2 4 SO  , etc.The corrosion rates of storage tanks and tanks of tanker bottoms can vary from 0.05 to 3.0 mm per year.The service life of tank bottoms is unpredictable and can range from 2 to 20 years.In many cases, traditional corrosion protection systems (cathodic protection, coatings, and inhibitors) are not efficient enough, have short service life, or cannot be applied.This paper describes a new multistage corrosion protection system that combines different types of soluble corrosion inhibitors and cathodic protection systems.Together they achieve synergistic effects that can decrease the inhibitor protection concentration 3-to 6-fold and the current density 2-to 5fold.This results in an increased service life of the corrosion protection method.
Fluorocarbon Polymer-Based Photoresists for 157-nm Lithography (2004)

A series of fluorinated polymers derived from 4-hexafluoro-isopropanol styrene were prepared and evaluated for potential use in 157-nm photoresists. Physical properties such as MW, Tg, thermal stability, and VUV absorbance were measured and contrasted. The nature of the blocking group has a large effect on all of the aforementioned properties. Several candidate polymers were formulated into resists and imaged at 157 nm. The imaging results as well as the etch resistance are reported.
Temperature-Sensitivity of Liposomal Lipid Bilayers Mixed with Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic Acid) (1997)

Temperature-sensitive drug release was examined using liposomes mixed with a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid [P(NIPAM-AA)] i.e., thermally responsive liposomes. P(NIPAM-AA) copolymers with transition temperatures of about 30, 33, 37, and 43 degrees C were synthesized by copolymerizing NIPAM and acrylic acid. Thermally responsive liposomes were prepared by mixing hydrophobically modified PNIPAM, or P(NIPAM-AA) with various liposomes, composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) mixture (5: 5, w/w), DPPC, or distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC). The release of a fluorescent marker, calcein, from liposomes was monitored by injecting the liposomal suspension at 17 degrees C into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) preadjusted to a temperature ranging from 20 to 46 degrees C. For liposomes of egg PC and DSPC, which do not undergo a phase transition during the temperature jump (17-->20-46 degrees C), the release temperature of the liposomes increased as the content of acrylic acid in the copolymers increased. The interaction between copolymer and lipid may induce the release of calcein at LCST of the copolymer. For DPPC liposomes, the release patterns were similar to those of egg PC and DSPC liposomes at 20-36 degrees C, where the phase transition of the liposomal membrane did not occur, while at 36-46 degrees C, where the phase transition of liposomal membrane occurred, the degree of release was almost the same. For DMPC/DPPC (5:5, w/w) liposomes, where the transition occurred below those of PNIPAMs, equally enhanced releases were observed as compared with PNIPAMs, even below the LCSTs of PNIPAMs. Thus, regardless of the occurrence of the transition of PNIPAMs, phase transition of DMPC/DPPC liposomes controlled the release of calcein.
Detection and characterization of fatigue cracks in thin metal plates by low frequency resonant model analysis (1992)

Low-frequency resonant model analysis, a technique for the detection and characterization of fatigue cracks in thin metal plates, which could be adapted to rapid scan or large area testing, is considered. Experimental data displaying a direct correlation between fatigue crack geometry and resonance frequency for the second vibrational plate mode are presented. FEM is used to calculate the mechanical behavior of the plates, and provides a comparison basis for the experimentally determined resonance frequency values. The waveform of the acoustic emission generated at the resonant frequency is examined; it provides the basis for a model of the interaction of fatigue crack faces during plate vibration.
Developing a Research Program in Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS) improve the operation of cars and trucks on public roads by combining information technology with road transportation technologies. The basic ideas about IVHS are by no means new but a number of converging forces have encouraged significant IVHS development in North America recently. Based on the results of a Delphi survey to project realistic future scenarios, both applied and fundamental research agenda are being formulated in a Michigan-based IVHS program to push the IVHS technologies for advanced motorist information systems and for backup vehicle controls under emergency conditions. The scope of the research agenda includes social/human elements as well as hardware and software technological systems. The Michigan research program is expected to contribute to the development of IVHS in North America, both technically and institutionally.</div>
Design of random pulse-width modulated inverter with lower-order harmonic elimination (2005)

A random pulse-width modulated inverter based on programmed PWM with lower-order harmonics elimination is presented in this paper. In motor drive applications, the high switching frequencies often results in acoustic noises, which make operator feel uncomfortable. The programmed PWM are used to solve nonlinear equation eliminating harmonics with initial value obtained by equal area PWM to obtain the switching angle. More than 50 sets of switching patterns are solved by the proposed method to randomly sample at every period to generate PWM waveform. Random probability function is used to obtain the harmonic spectrum distribution by random sampling method to determine the output voltage waveforms. The harmonic spectrum is spread out to normalize the side-band harmonics and lower-order harmonics are eliminated significantly as well so that the EMI problems can be alleviated efficiently. In practical circuit implementation, the random selection of the solved PWM switching patterns results in different switching pattern and harmonic spectra at every period so that the concentrated sideband harmonic energy can be spread out.
A Mixed Topology for Broadband High-Efficiency Doherty Power Amplifier (2019)

In this paper, a mixed topology for high efficiency, broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) is proposed. The transistor gate biases are set to deep Class-AB for the carrier device and deep Class-C for the peaking device, which enable the DPA to achieve its high efficiency. However, this biasing scheme leads to an inadequate back-off range, which in the past limited applicability. To compensate for this reduced back-off range, a “π-type” harmonic injection network (HIN) is integrated into the DPA thereby allowing the second harmonic to be injected between the two active devices. This achieves waveform engineering, which enhances the output power of the peaking amplifier. However, the use of this HIN leads to a reduction in bandwidth due to a mismatch at the fundamental frequency. A bandwidth compensation technique is then proposed, thereby reducing the peaking device drain impedance variation. This mitigates the reduction in bandwidth as a result of the HIN. A high-efficiency DPA is prototyped based on two identical 10-W gallium nitride HEMTs. Measurement results show that a drain efficiency of greater than 60% is achieved at 5.3-6-dB output back-off power from 1.4 to 2.1 GHz.
Creating morphable logic gates using logical stochastic resonance in an engineered gene network (2011)

The idea of Logical Stochastic Resonance is adapted and applied to an autoregulatory gene network in the bacteriophage λ. This biological logic gate can emulate or morph the AND and OR gates, through varying internal system parameters, in a noisy background. Such logic gates afford intriguing possibilities in the realization of engineered genetic networks, in which the function of the gate can be changed after the network has been assembled: this allows a single gene network to be used for many different applications in the emerging field of synthetic biology.
Purification and Multimeric Structure of BovineN-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester α-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (1998)

N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.1.4.45; phosphodiester alpha-GlcNAcase) catalyzes the second step in the synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate determinant required for efficient intracellular targeting of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome. A partially purified preparation of phosphodiester alpha-GlcNAcase from bovine pancreas was used to generate a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies. The anti-phosphodiester alpha-GlcNAcase monoclonal antibody UC1 was coupled to a solid support and used to immunopurify the bovine liver enzyme 670,000-fold in two steps to apparent homogeneity with an overall yield of 14%. The purified phosphodiester alpha-GlcNAcase has a specific activity of 498 micromol of [3H]GlcNAc-alpha-phosphomannose-alpha-methyl cleaved per h per mg of protein using 0.5 mM [3H]GlcNAc-alpha-phosphomannose-alpha-methyl as substrate. The subunit structure of the enzyme was determined using a combination of analytical gel filtration chromatography, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and amino-terminal sequencing. The data indicate that bovine phosphodiester alpha-GlcNAcase is a 272,000-Da complex of four identical 68,000-Da glycoprotein subunits arranged as two disulfide-linked homodimers. A soluble form of the enzyme, isolated from fetal bovine serum, showed the same subunit structure. Both forms of the enzyme reacted with a rabbit antibody raised to the amino-terminal peptide of the liver enzyme, suggesting that phosphodiester alpha-GlcNAcase is a type I membrane-spanning glycoprotein with its amino terminus in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus.