gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term and short-term electrophysiological effects of estrogen on the synaptic properties of hippocampal CA1 neurons (1992)

The ovarian steroids exert both long-term and short-term actions on neurons involving different cellular mechanisms. We have investigated the long-term and short-term effects of estrogen on the electrophysiological properties of CA1 neurons utilizing intracellular recordings in hippocampal slices prepared from ovariectomized female rats. An in vivo estrogen-priming paradigm was used to examine long-term genomic actions of estrogen. Subcutaneous estrogen injections 2 d prior to recording had no effect on the intrinsic membrane properties of CA1 neurons, but increased synaptic excitability by prolonging the EPSP and inducing repetitive firing in response to Schaffer collateral stimulation. Short-term effects of estrogen that presumedly involve direct membrane interactions were tested by application of steroids directly to the slice. Superfusion of 17 beta-estradiol, but not 17 alpha-estradiol, caused a rapid and reversible increase in the amplitude of the Schaffer collateral-activated EPSP. This potentiation of the EPSP by 17 beta-estradiol still occurred in the presence of the NMDA antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, but was blocked by the non-NMDA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. Depolarizing responses to iontophoretic pulses of exogenous glutamate were also potentiated by 17 beta-estradiol, suggesting a post-synaptic site of action. In addition, 17 beta-estradiol potentiated the responses to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid, kainate, and quisqualate, but not NMDA, further implicating non-NMDA receptors in the short-term action of estrogen. In contrast, 17 beta-estradiol had no effect on responses to exogenous GABA or on the Schaffer collateral-induced late IPSP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On-chip di/dt Detector Circuit (2005)

SUMMARY This paper demonstrates an on-chip di/dt detector circuit. The di/dt detector circuit consists of a power supply line, an underlying spiral inductor and an amplifier. The mutual inductor induces a di/dt proportional voltage, and the amplifier amplifies and outputs the value. The measurement results show that the di/dt detector output and the voltage difference between a resistor have good agreement. The di/dt reduction by a decoupling capacitor is also measured using the di/dt detector.
A Zero‐Fluoroscopy Approach to Cavotricuspid Isthmus Catheter Ablation: Comparative Analysis of Two Electroanatomical Mapping Systems (2014)

A zero-fluoroscopy approach to cavotricuspid isthmus catheter ablation using the Carto®3 system is feasible in most procedures. This approach has similar results to the zero-fluoroscopy approach using the Ensite-NavX™ system.
Fusion of Stereo and Still Monocular Depth Estimates in a Self-Supervised Learning Context (2018)

We study how autonomous robots can learn by themselves to improve their depth estimation capability. In particular, we investigate a self-supervised learning setup in which stereo vision depth estimates serve as targets for a convolutional neural network (CNN) that transforms a single still image to a dense depth map. After training, the stereo and mono estimates are fused with a novel fusion method that preserves high confidence stereo estimates, while leveraging the CNN estimates in the low-confidence regions. The main contribution of the article is that it is shown that the fused estimates lead to a higher performance than the stereo vision estimates alone. Experiments are performed on the KITTI dataset, and on board of a Parrot SLAMDunk, showing that even rather limited CNNs can help provide stereo vision equipped robots with more reliable depth maps for autonomous navigation.
Promising Accurate Prefix Boosting for Sequence-to-sequence ASR (2019)

In this paper, we present promising accurate prefix boosting (PAPB), a discriminative training technique for attention based sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) ASR. PAPB is devised to unify the training and testing scheme effectively. The training procedure involves maximizing the score of each partial correct sequence obtained during beam search compared to other hypotheses. The training objective also includes minimization of token (character) error rate. PAPB shows its efficacy by achieving 10.8% and 3.8% WER with and without external RNNLM respectively on Wall Street Journal dataset.
Prediction of unfolded segments in a protein sequence based on amino acid composition (2005)

http://genomics.eu.org/
A two-component active targeting theranostic agent based on graphene quantum dots (2015)

Using nanotechnology, therapeutics can be combined with diagnostics for cancer treatment. To do this, a targeting ligand, an imaging contrast agent and an anti-tumour therapeutic agent were the minimum requirements for active targeting nanoassemblies. Here we have developed a novel active targeting theranostic agent, made up of just two components, aptamer AS1411 and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Each component in our agent plays multiple roles. Confocal microscopy using a 488 nm laser shows that this agent has an excellent capability to label tumour cells selectively. On the therapeutic side, this agent induced a synergistic growth inhibition effect towards cancer cells when irradiated with a near infrared laser of 808 nm. The ultra-small size, good biocompatibility, intrinsic stable fluorescence, and near-infrared response character make GQDs a remarkable constituent to build theranostic agents.
Thermoplastics Reinforced with Wood Fillers: A Literature Review (1998)

Abstract Problems concerning the processing of thermoplastics reinforced with wood fillers are discussed. The high level of moisture absorption by the filler, its poor wettability, as well as the insufficient adhesion between untreated filler and the polymer matrix are reasons for the low tensile strength and high moisture sorption of composites. These shortcomings of composites can be prevented by the modification of the interface. The fiber-matrix compatibility and the composites properties can be improved by using some physical (e.g., steam explosion, corona, cold plasma) and chemical (cross-linking and acetylation of cellulose, grafting, use of coupling agents) methods. Modified wood-polymer interaction mechanisms are complex and specific for each definite system and processing conditions. Cellulose cross-linking and acetylation reduce hygroscopicity and swelling of wood and wood composites. Grafting of styrene to wood is effective for wood-polystyrene systems. The best coupling agent for wood-thermoplastics is polymethylenepolyphenyl isocyanate. Silanes coupling effect can be increased with additives to the polymer matrix. Optimizing of technological parameters of wood-thermoplastics processing is necessary.
Literally Green Chemical Synthesis of Artemisinin from Plant Extracts (2018)

Active pharmaceutical ingredients are either extracted from biological sources-where they are synthesized in complex, dynamic environments-or prepared in stepwise chemical syntheses by reacting pure reagents and catalysts under controlled conditions. A combination of these two approaches, where plant extracts containing reagents and catalysts are utilized in intensified chemical syntheses, creates expedient and sustainable processes. We illustrate this principle by reacting crude plant extract, oxygen, acid, and light to produce artemisinin, a key active pharmaceutical ingredient of the most powerful antimalarial drugs. The traditionally discarded extract of Artemisia annua plants contains dihydroartemisinic acid-the final biosynthetic precursor-as well as chlorophyll, which acts as a photosensitizer. Efficient irradiation with visible light in a continuous-flow setup produces artemisinin in high yield, and the artificial biosynthetic process outperforms syntheses with pure reagents.
Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representations (2019)

Matthew E. Peters, Mark Neumann, Robert Logan, Roy Schwartz, Vidur Joshi, Sameer Singh, Noah A. Smith. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 is a growth inhibitory protein conserved in zebrafish (1999)

Fish serum contains several specific binding proteins for insulin-like growth factors (IGFBPs). The structure and physiological function of these fish IGFBPs are unknown. Here we report the complete primary sequence of a zebrafish IGFBP deduced from cDNA clones isolated by library screening and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length 1,757-bp cDNA encodes a protein of 276 aa, which contains a putative 22-residue signal peptide and a 254-residue mature protein. The mature zebrafish IGFBP has a predicted molecular size of 28,440 Da and shows high sequence identity with human IGFBP-2 (52%). The sequence identities with other human IGFBPs are <37%. Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the zebrafish IGFBP-2 cDNA secreted a 31-kDa protein, which bound to IGF-I and IGF-II with high affinity, but did not bind to Des(1-3)IGF-I or insulin. Northern blot analyses revealed that the zebrafish IGFBP-2 transcript is a 1.8-kb band expressed in many embryonic and adult tissues. In adult zebrafish, IGFBP-2 mRNA levels were greatly reduced by growth hormone treatment but increased by prolonged fasting. When overexpressed or added to cultured zebrafish and mammalian cells, the zebrafish IGFBP-2 significantly inhibited IGF-I-stimulated cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. These results indicate that zebrafish IGFBP-2 is a negative growth regulator acting downstream in the growth hormone-IGF-I axis.
A Dual-Port Triple-Band L-Probe Microstrip Patch Rectenna for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting (2017)

A dual-port triple-band L-probe microstrip patch rectenna design for ambient RF energy harvesting using the GSM900, GSM-1800, and UMTS-2100 bands is described. The compact dual-port L-probe patch antenna is implemented by stacking two single-port patch antennas back to back. Each port can independently harvest RF signal from a half-space with gain greater than 7 dBi, and together with both ports in a dc combining configuration, the antenna can acquire RF energy from nearly all directions. We also provide a design for a high-efficiency triple-band rectifier operating at GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS-2100, which is replicated on each port and concatenated together to allow dc combining and near doubling of the output dc voltage. Measurement results show that our prototyped dual-port triple-band rectenna can receive RF power from nearly all directions with an efficiency of greater than 40% and an output voltage of more than 600 mV when the power density is greater than 500 μW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Short-Wave Infrared Diffuse Reflectance of Textile Materials (2022)

This thesis analyzes the reflectance behavior of textiles in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band (1 ? 2 microns) in order to identify/design potential diagnostic tools that allow the remote detection of human presence in a scene. Analyzing the spectral response of fabrics in the SWIR band has gained significant interest in the remote sensing community since it provides a potential path to discriminate camouflaged clothing from backgrounds that appear similar to the object of interest in the visible band. Existing research, originating primarily from the textiles community, has thoroughly documented the behavior of clothing fabrics in the visible band. Other work has shown that the differences in spectral response in the SWIR band allows for discrimination of materials that otherwise have the same visible spectral response. This work expands on those efforts in order to quantify the reflectance behavior and to better understand the physical basis for that behavior.
Array address translation for SDRAM-based videoprocessing applications (1999)

To increase the memory bandwidth of SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) that is commonly employed as external memory in video applications such as MPEG2, a memory address translation method is proposed for minimising the number of overhead cycles needed for row-activations and precharges. The features of SDRAM and the characteristics of memory accesses in video processing applications are considered to find a suitable address translation method. Experimental results show that the proposed method increases the memory bandwidth by 44% over that possible using conventional linear translation.
Prediction of kinase‐specific phosphorylation sites with sequence features by a log‐odds ratio approach (2007)

Protein phosphorylation plays important roles in a variety of cellular processes. Detecting possible phosphorylation sites and their corresponding protein kinases is crucial for studying the function of many proteins. This article presents a new prediction system, called PhoScan, to predict phosphorylation sites in a kinase-family-specific way. Common phosphorylation features and kinase-specific features are extracted from substrate sequences of different protein kinases based on the analysis of published experiments, and a scoring system is developed for evaluating the possibility that a peptide can be phosphorylated by the protein kinase at the specific site in its sequence context. PhoScan can achieve a specificity of above 90% with sensitivity around 90% at kinase-family level on the data experimented. The system is applied on a set of human proteins collected from Swiss-Prot and sets of putative phosphorylation sites are predicted for protein kinase A, cyclin-dependent kinase, and casein kinase 2 families. PhoScan is available at http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/phoscan/.
soil-2017-14 comments (2017)

Review of Evaluation of digital soil mapping approaches with large sets of environmental covariates (soil-2017-14). This manuscript compares six modeling approaches (including a model average approach) to predict a variety of continuous soil properties in three different regions of Switzerland for four depth increments. There is a considerable amount of data presented and discussed which makes it somewhat difficult to glean the main points and findings of the paper. That said, Random Forest models and model averaged predictions produced the best results. Having spatial estimates of model performance is an important aspect of DSM. Even though the authors note the computational demands as the reason for not including these, I think it is possible to create at least one map of performance. I have computed similar
Recapture of GFP Chromophore Fluorescence in a Protein Host (2011)

When encapsulated by human serum albumin (HSA), certain derivatives of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore recover their fluorescence due to inhibition of torsional motion. These derivatives show remarkable sensitivity and selectivity as well as favorable spectroscopic properties toward HSA, thus providing selective probes for this and similar proteins and demonstrating the use of GFP chromophores as topological fluorophores.
24 Regulation of the L-Arabinose Catabolic Operon araBAD (1992)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading malignant tumor in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including environment, lifestyle, and genetics. Continuing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a novel non-coding RNA, constitute an important genetic variable in the pathogenesis of CRC. These circRNAs with covalently closed-loop structures exist objectively in organisms. They not only have the biological functions of regulating the expression of target genes, changing the activity of proteins, and translating proteins, but also play a key role in the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of tumor cells. CRC is one of the most common cancers in which circRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance, and circRNAs have been demonstrated to function through crosstalk with multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, this review summarizes the biological and carcinogenic functions of circRNAs and their related PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Notch, JAK/STAT, Hippo/YAP, WNT/β-catenin, and VEGF signaling pathways in CRC. We further explore the clinical value of circRNAs and important signaling proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CRC.
Multichromophoric electrochromic polymers: colour tuning of conjugated polymers through the side chain functionalization approach (2014)

Organic electrochromic materials have gained constantly increasing interest over the years with respect to their inorganic counterpart due to essentially two distinctive characteristics: their processability through solution based low cost processes and their wide colour palette. Such characteristic features enabled their application in displays, smart windows, electronic paper and ophthalmic lenses. Alongside the established concept of donor-acceptor polymers, side chain functionalized multichromophoric polymers are gaining attention as a highly performing and synthetically feasible alternative, particularly relevant to applications requiring a complete colourlessness in one of the accessible redox states of the material. The primary aim of the present article is to review all the results involving the tuning of the native electrochromic properties of simple conjugated polymers through the introduction of a discrete electrochromic molecule as a side chain substituent.
Spectroscopic study of phase transitions in NH<sub>3</sub>–(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>–NH<sub>3</sub>PbCl<sub>4</sub> (1991)

Abstract Raman spectra (5-3500 cm−1) of polycrystalline samples of NH3–(CH2)4–NH3PbCI4 have been recorded at different temperatures between 100 and 300 K. A systematic temperature dependence study of the low frequencies v and half-widths Δv ½ revealed a phase transition at about 200 K. This transition corresponds to an order-disorder mechanism involving NH3 torsional motions coupled with libration of organic chains. In this communication, we shall characterize this transition and discuss its dynamical aspect.
A Novel Approach for Centralized 3D Radio Resource Allocation and Scheduling in Dense HetNets for 5G Control-/User-plane Separation Architectures (2017)

This paper presents a centralized 3-dimensional radio resources (namely, time, frequency, and power) allocation and scheduling approach for control-plane and user-plane (C-/U-plane) separation architectures for fifth generation mobile networks. A central station is considered where schedulers of all base stations (BSs) are located. We consider a multi-tier network that comprises of a macrocell BS (MCBS), several outdoor picocell BSs, and a number of indoor femtocell BSs (FCBSs) deployed in a number of multi-storage buildings. The system bandwidth is reused in FCBSs within each building orthogonally. In contrast to the conventional almost blank subframe, we consider a fully blank subframe based time-domain enhanced intercell interference coordination to split completely C-/U-plane traffic such that the controlplane can be served only by the MCBS and the user-plane of user equipments by their respective BSs. We propose two power management schemes for FCBSs based on whether or not the coordinated multi-point communication with joint transmission (JT CoMP) is employed during off-state of a FCBS and develop a power control mechanism for both a single user and multi-user per FCBS scenarios. An optimal value of average activation factor (OAF) for a FCBS is derived to trade-off its serving capacity and transmit power saving factor. It is shown that in order to improve the network capacity, a FCBS needs to operate at an average activation factor (AAF) greater than its OAF using JT CoMP to serve neighboring on-state FCBSs during its normal off-state, whereas at an AAF less than the OAF to improve the energy efficiency. With a system level simulation, we show that the capacity of a FCBS increases, whereas its power saving factor decreases linearly with an increase in its AAF because of serving increased traffic, and an OAF of 0.5 for the capacity scaling factor 2 1 and greater than 0.5 for 1 are found.
Generating XSLT scripts for the fast transformation of XML documents (2005)

This paper proposes a method of generating XSLT scripts, which support the fast transformation of XML documents, given one-to-one matching relationships between leaf nodes of XML schemas. The proposed method enhances the transformation speed of generated XSLT scripts through reducing template calls. Experimental results show that the proposed method has generated XSLT scripts that support the faster transformation of XML documents, compared with previous works.
A Tribute to John Hull: A Review of Editorials in<i>Learning for Living</i>and the<i>British Journal of Religious Education,</i>1971‐1996 (1996)

For twenty‐five years John Hull edited Learning for Living and its successor, the British Journal of Religious Education. An analysis of the editorials reveals common themes, reactive and proactive writing, radical reinterpretation, original material and commentary. The editorials themselves provide a commentary on the leading issues and major developments in religious education in the UK for more than two decades.
Controlled Oxidation of Remote sp<sup>3</sup> C–H Bonds in Artemisinin via P450 Catalysts with Fine-Tuned Regio- and Stereoselectivity (2012)

The selective oxyfunctionalization of isolated sp(3) C-H bonds in complex molecules represents a formidable challenge in organic chemistry. Here, we describe a rational, systematic strategy to expedite the development of P450 oxidation catalysts with refined regio- and stereoselectivity for the hydroxylation of remote, unactivated C-H sites in a complex scaffold. Using artemisinin as model substrate, we demonstrate how a three-tier strategy involving first-sphere active site mutagenesis, high-throughput P450 fingerprinting, and fingerprint-driven P450 reactivity predictions enabled the rapid evolution of three efficient biocatalysts for the selective hydroxylation of a primary and a secondary C-H site (with both S and R stereoselectivity) in a relevant yet previously inaccessible region of this complex natural product. The evolved P450 variants could be applied to provide direct access to the desired hydroxylated derivatives at preparative scales (0.4 g) and in high isolated yields (>90%), thereby enabling further elaboration of this molecule. As an example, enantiopure C7-fluorinated derivatives of the clinical antimalarial drugs artesunate and artemether, in which a major metabolically sensitive site is protected by means of a C-H to C-F substitution, were afforded via P450-mediated chemoenzymatic synthesis.
Precision Patterned Thin Films without Photolithography: Additive Manufacturing of Printed Electronics (2013)

Additive manufacturing is the application of layer manufacturing techniques to fabricate microelectronic products. These techniques differentiate themselves from incumbent technologies in that they only add material to build the device and are an alternative to subtractive technologies such as lithography that globally coat layers and then etch-away unrequired materials. In this paper we discuss an additive technology that performs material evaporation through shadow masks. This process has shown significant potential for the fabrication of chip packaging, microelectronic devices and circuitry; specifically, high density interposers, fine conductor lines and embedded components such as capacitors, resistors, and transistors. The process is compatible with a number of both rigid and flexible substrates and deposition materials. Examples of devices and lines that have been manufactured by this technique are shown and discussed. Preliminary test data shows line / space resolution that has reached 5 / 20 microns and better.