gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors Developed from Dicarboxylic Acid Bis(<scp>l</scp>-prolyl-pyrrolidine) Amides (2003)

Isophthalic acid bis(l-prolyl-pyrrolidine) amide is a very potent prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor, but it has a log P value of -0.2, which is very low for a compound targeted to the brain. Therefore, these types of compounds were further modified to improve the structure-activity relationships, with the focus on increasing the log P value. The inhibitory activity against prolyl oligopeptidase from pig brain was tested in vitro. The most promising compounds resulted from replacing the pyrrolidinyl group at the P5 site by cycloalkyl groups, such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups, and by a phenyl group. These compounds are slightly more potent, and they have a significantly higher log P value. The potency of these compounds was further increased by replacing the pyrrolidinyl group at the P1 site by 2(S)-cyanopyrrolidinyl and 2(S)-(hydroxyacetyl)pyrrolidinyl groups.
Full color holographic imaging under daylight illumination (2013)

Full color 3D images of scenes under daylight illumination are obtained using self-interference incoherent digital holography. From a recorded hologram, images can be numerically focused at any distances for viewing.
Selective Growth Inhibition in BRAF Mutant Thyroid Cancer by the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1/2 Inhibitor AZD6244 (2007)

AZD6244 inhibits the MEK-ERK pathway across a spectrum of thyroid cancer cells. MEK inhibition is cytostatic in papillary thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer cells bearing a BRAF mutation and may have less impact on thyroid cancer cells lacking this mutation.
Method of controlling a superconductor (1994)

The order parameter of a superconductor is reduced by injecting spin-polarized carriers into the superconductor. The reduction in the order parameter is used to modulate the critical current of the superconductor. In a typical embodiment, a current is caused to flow through a superconductor. Spin polarized electrons are then injected into the path of the current in the superconductor by biasing a magnetic metal with respect to a terminal of the superconductor. The bias current may be varied to modulate the injection and thus the flow of current through the superconductor.
Process-induced SOI strain via sacrificial Ge-Si (2008)

We present here, for the first time, a method of introducing strain into Si, for example ultra-thin SOI, with a sacrificial strained Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> layers. Etching proximate trenches into the Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> -Si stack causes the stack to relax, transferring strain from the surface Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> into the buried Si. Filling the trenches locks the strain in place, where it remains after the Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> is removed. This method can be combined with more conventional stress engineering, such as strained trench fills, strained source/drain epitaxy, or strained overlayers.
Numerical feasibility analysis of an epidermal glucose sensor based on time-resolved fluorescence (2006)

This paper presents numerical simulations predicting the time-resolved reflectance and autofluorescence of human skin exposed to a pulse of collimated light at 337 nm and pulse width of 1 ns. Moreover, the feasibility of using an embedded time-resolved fluorescence sensor for monitoring glucose concentration is also studied. Skin is modeled as a multilayer medium with each layer having its own optical properties and fluorophore absorption coefficients, lifetimes and quantum yields. The intensity distributions of excitation and fluorescent light in skin are then determined by solving the transient radiative transfer equation using the modified method of characteristics. In both cases, the fluorophore lifetimes are recovered from the simulated fluorescence decays and compared with the actual lifetimes used in the simulations. It was found that the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophore contributing the least to the fluorescence signal could not be recovered while the other lifetimes could be recovered within 2.5% of input values. Such simulations could be valuable in interpreting data from time-resolved fluorescence experiments on healthy and diseased tissue as well as in designing and testing the feasibility of various optical sensors for biomedical diagnostics.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Dihydroindeno[1,2‐c]isoquinoline and Indenoisoquinolinium Chloride Topoisomerase I Inhibitors Having High in vivo Anticancer Activity in the Hollow Fiber Animal Model. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A novel simultaneous dynamic range compression and local contrast enhancement algorithm for digital video cameras (2011)

This article addresses the problem of low dynamic range image enhancement for commercial digital cameras. A novel simultaneous dynamic range compression and local contrast enhancement algorithm (SDRCLCE) is presented to resolve this problem in a single-stage procedure. The proposed SDRCLCE algorithm is able to combine with many existent intensity transfer functions, which greatly increases the applicability of the proposed method. An adaptive intensity transfer function is also proposed to combine with SDRCLCE algorithm that provides the capability to adjustably control the level of overall lightness and contrast achieved at the enhanced output. Moreover, the proposed method is amenable to parallel processing implementation that allows us to improve the processing speed of SDRCLCE algorithm. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method outperforms three state-of-the-art methods in terms of dynamic range compression and local contrast enhancement.
Particle selection and beam collimation system for laser‐accelerated proton beam therapy (2005)

In a laser-accelerated proton therapy system, the initial protons have broad energy and angular distributions, which are not suitable for direct therapeutic applications. A compact particle selection and collimation device is needed to deliver small pencil beams of protons with desired energy spectra. In this work, we characterize a superconducting magnet system that produces a desired magnetic field configuration to spread the protons with different energies and emitting angles for particle selection. Four magnets are set side by side along the beam axis; each is made of NbTi wires which carry a current density of approximately 10(5) A/cm2 at 4.2 K, and produces a magnetic field of approximately 4.4 T in the corresponding region. Collimation is applied to both the entrance and the exit of the particle selection system to generate a desired proton pencil beam. In the middle of the magnet system, where the magnetic field is close to zero, a particle selection collimator allows only the protons with desired energies to pass through for therapy. Simulations of proton transport in the presence of the magnetic field show that the selected protons have successfully refocused on the beam axis after passing through the magnetic field with the optimal magnet system. The energy spread for any given characteristic proton energy has been obtained. It is shown that the energy spread is a function of the magnetic field strength and collimator size and reaches the full width at half maximum of 25 MeV for 230 MeV protons. Dose distributions have also been calculated with the GEANT3 Monte Carlo code to study the dosimetric properties of the laser-accelerated proton beams for radiation therapy applications.
A New Highly Efficient High-Power DC Plasma Torch (2008)

We have developed a new dc plasma torch which is operated with a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, e.g., methane. Erosion of the graphite cathode is continually compensated by the deposition of carbon ions. The torch is typically operated at low currents and, due to the nature of the gases, high voltage. Thermal efficiency of the torch is around 75%.
Large-aperture, axially symmetric ion-optical lens systems using new types of electrostatic and magnetic elements (1989)

We have developed new types of ion-optical systems having larger solid angles (i.e., collecting power) and flexibility than many existing designs. They use relatively simple axially symmetric elements, namely solenoids, axial magnetic dipoles, and radial electric field lenses. The systems can focus, with good optical properties, energetic ions in the range of tens of keV up to tens of MeV kinetic energy and are capable of operating in nondispersive, achromatic modes. The key elements for the latter are new types of defocusing magnetic and electrostatic correction lenses. The lens systems have applications in any existing devices used to collect and focus energetic ions (including electrons). Typical devices are: mass spectrometers, leak detectors and gas analyzers, ion sources, accelerators and ion implantation systems, nuclear particle spectrometers, electron microscopes, ion microprobes, and ion-beam lenses for cancer therapy.
A Capacity Reconfigurable Multimode Origami MIMO Antenna (2019)

In this work, a receconfigurable multimode Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna is proposed. This antenna is composed of seven identical dual band elements each simultaneously operating in two orthogonal modes. The antenna is implemented on an accordion origami support structure which allows the inter-element spacing to be uniformly varied. This spatial reconfigurability results in a 15% and 13% variation in capacity for the first and second modes, respectively. With this antenna, the capacity, gain, and physical size can be optimized for real-time operational requirements.
Cover Picture: Precisely Tunable Photonic Crystals From Rapidly Self‐Assembling Brush Block Copolymer Blends (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45/2012) (2012)

Molecular brush block copolymers rapidly self-assemble to photonic crystals that can reflect light from the UV, across the visible, and into the near-IR region of the spectrum. In their Communication on page 11246 ff., R. H. Grubbs et al. demonstrate that the blending of two different molecular weight brush block copolymers can predictably modulate the sizes of the polymer domains, enabling facile precision tuning of these photonic-band-gap materials.
Formation of monolithic masks for 0.25 μm x-ray lithography (1991)

We have constructed monolithic masks for proximity x-ray lithography by forming 1 μm thick polycrystalline Si membranes directly on glass support frames. Finished masks are 78 mm in diameter and ∼5 mm thick, with the Si membrane spanning 27 mm. The monolithic design provides simple processing and unprecedented flatness of 30 nm across the membrane and &lt;500 nm across the entire disk. Mask blanks were metallized with 500 nm of W that was sputter deposited under conditions that hold the film stress &lt;50 MPa. Tungsten was patterned by reactive ion etching to form features as small as 0.25 μm.
A study of cylindrical Hall thruster for low power space applications (2000)

A 9 cm cylindrical thruster with a ceramic channel exhibited performance comparable to the state-of-the-art Hall thrusters at low and moderate power levels. Significantly, its operation is not accompanied by large amplitude discharge low frequency oscillations. Preliminary experiments on a 2 cm cylindrical thruster suggest the possibility of a high performance micro Hall thruster.
A 45nm dual-port SRAM with write and read capability enhancement at low voltage (2007)

This paper presents circuit techniques to improve write and read capability for dual-port SRAM design fabricated in a 45nm low-power process. The write capability is enhanced by negative write biasing without any reduction in the cell current for the other port. The result shows 12% better improvement with just 1.9% area overhead. This technique has been verified successfully on 65nm and 45nm SRAM chip and improved 120mV lower at 95% yield of minimum operation voltage than a conventional one. The read capability is enhanced by cell current boosting and word line voltage lowering schemes. The SNM is also enhanced significantly. The target is to work below 0.8V with the worst process corner variation.
Exact fan-beam reconstruction via ramp-filtered backprojection and local compensation (2005)

A novel exact fan-beam image reconstruction formula is presented and validated using both mathematical phantom data and clinical data. This algorithm takes the form of the standard ramp filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm plus local compensation terms. An equal weighting scheme is utilized in this algorithm in order to properly account for redundantly measured projection data. The algorithm has the desirable property of maintaining a mathematically exact result for: the full scan mode (2π), the short scan mode (π+ full fan angle), and the <i>super-short scan mode </i>(less than (π + full fan angle)). Another desirable feature of this algorithm is that it is derivative-free. The derivative-free nature of this algorithm distinguishes it from other exact fan-beam FBP algorithms.
Transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry: The case of fetal signal optimization (2017)

Current technology used for monitoring fetal well-being has been ineffective at reducing rates of harm to the fetus during the intrapartum period, yet its adoption has significantly increased the number of emergency C-sections performed. Transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry (TFO) aims to reduce the number of surgical interventions through non-invasive measurements of fetal oxygen saturation. When developing an optode for TFO, it is important to select design parameters that will maximize the measurement of the fetal signal. In this paper, we optimize the source-detector distance and wavelengths through Monte Carlo simulations using a multi-layered tissue model for various fetal depths. The results were validated by developing an optical probe with two wavelengths of light to observe pulsating arterial tissue through an optical phantom that mimics the maternal abdomen as a step towards oximetry. Our results show that 735nm and 850nm seem to be the optimal selection of peak wavelengths of light sources to obtain a stronger fetal signal for the fetal depths between 2-5 cm. Improving the signal sensitivity is approached by increasing the spacing between the source and detector, and is limited by the noise-equivalent power of the detector.
Proton Conduction Mechanisms at Low Degrees of Hydration in Sulfonic Acid–Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes (2003)

▪ Abstract The need to operate polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells at temperatures above 100°C, where the amount of water in the membrane is restricted, has provided much of the motivation for understanding the mechanisms of proton conduction at low degrees of hydration. Although experiments have not provided any direct information, numerous theoretical investigations have begun to provide the basis for understanding the mechanisms of proton conduction in these nano-phase-separated materials. Both the hydrated morphology and the nature of the confined water in the hydrophilic domains influence proton dissociation from the acidic sites (i.e., −SO 3 H), transfer to the water environment, and transport through the membrane. The following molecular processes are discussed in connection to their role in the conduction of protons in sulfonic acid–based polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs): (a) local chemistry of the hydrophilic side chains; its effect on the dissociation of the proton and eventual stabilization (separation) of the proton in the water; (b) the presence of neighboring sulfonic acid groups on proton transfer; and (c) the effect of the distribution of the sulfonate groups on the transport of protons in the channels/pores of the membrane.
On structured total least squares for blind identification of multichannel FIR filters (2008)

Structured total least-squares (STLS) provides a nice framework for approximating a full-rank affmely-structured matrix with a rank-deficient matrix having the same affine structure. In this paper, we investigate the use of STLS method for blind identification of multiple FIR channels driven by an unknown deterministic input. First, we exploit the block - Hankel affine structure of the data matrix, which motivates the use of STLS-based methods. Then, we derive an iterative non-linear solution to the unknown channel parameters by using a generalized form of singular value decomposition. We carry out extensive numerical simulations to compare the performance of the proposed method against the well-known least-squares (LS) method, where the affine structure of the date matrix is overlooked. These results reveal that the STLS based method outperforms the LS method for ill-conditioned as well as well-conditioned channels over a wide range of SNR.
Load Detection and Power Flow Control Algorithm For an Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System (2021)

This article presents a control scheme for an omnidirectional wireless power transfer system. A system architecture is proposed to implement the current amplitude control. To focus power transfer towards targeted loads, a smart detection algorithm for identifying the positioning and orientation of receiver devices based on the input power information is presented. The system efficiency is further improved by a maximum efficiency point tracking function. A novel power flow control with a load combination strategy to charge multiple loads simultaneously is explained. Finally, the proposed control scheme is successfully applied to an example 6.78 MHz omnidirectional wireless charging bowl system. The experimental results confirm the accuracy of the load detection algorithm and validate the power flow control strategy.
Progress in high-performance quantum cascade lasers (2010)

Because of their compact size, reliability, tunability, and convenience of direct electrical pumping, quantum cascade lasers have found a number of important civilian and defense applications in the midwave infrared and long-wave-infrared spectral range. Most of these applications would benefit from higher laser optical power and higher wall-plug efficiency. We describe some of the most important features of high-efficiency quantum cascade laser design and realization of high-power quantum cascade laser systems. Specifically, optimization of the active region and waveguide, thermal management on the chip level, and impact of the laser facet coating on laser efficiency and scaling of optical power with cavity length are discussed. Also, we present experimental results demonstrating multiwatt operation with reliability of at least several thousands of hours on a system level.
Design and fabrication of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets with a low temperature coefficient of intrinsic coercivity (2009)

To decrease the temperature coefficients of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, the influencing factors on temperature coefficients, especially the reversible temperature coefficient ? of intrinsic coercivity Hcj, were analyzed. The results showed that the absolute value of ? decreased with increasing Hcj and also the ratio of microstructure parameter c to Neff, indicating that the increase of magnetocrystalline anisotropy field HA and c/Neff can effectively decrease the absolute value of ?. On the basis of this analysis, a sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet with a low temperature coefficient of Hcj was fabricated through composition design, and the value of ? was only -0.385%/?C in the temperature interval of 20-150?C.
Mott insulators: A large class of materials for Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) artificial neuron (2018)

A major challenge in the field of neurocomputing is to mimic the brain's behavior by implementing artificial synapses and neurons directly in hardware. Toward that purpose, many researchers are exploring the potential of new materials and new physical phenomena. Recently, a new concept of the Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) artificial neuron was proposed based on the electric Mott transition in the inorganic Mott insulator GaTa4Se8. In this work, we report on the LIF behavior in simple two-terminal devices in three chemically very different compounds, the oxide (V0.89Cr0.11)2O3, the sulfide GaMo4S8, and the molecular system [Au(iPr-thiazdt)2] (C12H14AuN2S8), but sharing a common feature, their Mott insulator ground state. In all these devices, the application of an electric field induces a volatile resistive switching and a remarkable LIF behavior under a train of pulses. It suggests that the Mott LIF neuron is a general concept that can be extended to the large class of Mott insulators.
Study of the Interaction of Some Potential Anticancer Gold(III) Complexes with Biologically Important Thiols Using NMR, UV–Vis, and Electrochemistry (2017)

ABSTRACT The interaction of gold(III) complexes [Au(en)Cl 2 ]Cl, [Au(en) 2 ]Cl 3 , [Au( cis ‐DACH)Cl 2 ]Cl, and [Au( cis ‐DACH) 2 ]Cl 3 (en = ethylenediamine, DACH = cis ‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) with biologically important thiols, such as glutathione (GSH), dl ‐penicillamine (PSH), mercaptoacetic acid (MAA), and N ‐(2‐mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG), has been studied using 1 H, 13 C NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry in aqueous solution. Kinetic data revealed that the reactivity of their substitution reaction followed the order: [Au(en)Cl 2 ] + > [Au(en) 2 ] 3+ > [Au( cis ‐DACH)Cl 2 ] + > [Au( cis ‐DACH) 2 ] 3+ . The thiol reactivity increased with decreasing its size, viz. MAA ≫ MPG > PSH > GSH. Square wave stripping voltammetry displayed peaks for Au(III) and Au(I) at +0.875 V and +1.4 V respectively. The interaction of the complexes with thiols resulted in reduction of gold(III) to gold(I) and thiol ligands (RSH) were oxidized to disulfide (RSSR).
Novel and Potent 5-Piperazinyl Methyl-<i>N</i><sub>1</sub>-aryl Sulfonyl Indole Derivatives as 5-HT<sub>6</sub> Receptor Ligands (2010)

The exclusive distribution of 5-HT6 receptors in the brain regions associated with learning and memory makes it an ideal target for cognitive disorders. A novel series of 5-piperazinyl methyl-N 1-aryl sulfonyl indoles were designed and synthesized as 5-HT6R ligands. Most of the synthesized compounds are potent when tested by in vitro radioligand binding assay. The lead compound from the series does not have the CYP liabilities and is active in an animal model of cognition.