gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biographical background II: the genesis of <i>The Birth of Tragedy</i> (2016)

Up to this point in our narrative, it has been possible, with some difficulty, to keep the three main strands of Nietzsche's life apart. With the beginning of his Basle period, it is virtually impossible to separate these or any aspects of his life or work, including the complicated genesis of BT. Everything converges – and Nietzsche himself does everything possible to ensure that it should. The convergence, in fact, reflects his first full-scale, and characteristically self-conscious, attempt to oppose fragmentation in favour of a whole response to experience. As he puts it, with a certain dispassionate irony, in a letter of early 1870: ‘I observe how my philosophical, moral and scholarly endeavours strive towards a single goal and that I may perhaps become the first philologist ever to achieve wholeness.’ And how should he achieve it? Throughout this early period, ‘Schopenhauer’ is the device behind which Nietzsche is mustering his increasingly independent thinking. And so he can still express his aspiration towards that ‘wholeness’ in terms of a unifying Schopenhauerianism. In September 1869 he writes: ‘I really do stand now at a centre from which Schopenhauerian threads reach out into all parts of the world’; and it was in April, on the eve of his departure for Basle, that he had expressed the ambition to infuse his own philological discipline with ‘that Schopenhauerian seriousness…; I should like to be something more than a drill-master for competent philologists – the generation of present-day teachers, the care of the growing younger generation, this is what I have in mind.’
Free choice feeding of whole grains in meat-type pigeons: 1. effect on performance, carcass traits and organ development (2016)

The effects of 5 different feeding systems on the performance, carcass traits and organ development were studied in pigeon squabs. The 5 treatments were (1) whole grains of maize, pea and wheat plus concentrate feed; (2)whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed (CWC); (3) whole grains of maize and pea plus concentrate feed; (4)whole grain of maize plus concentrate feed (CC); and (5) compound feed (CF). Feed intake of parent pigeons increased significantly from 0 to 21 d and it was higher in the CF treatment. Body weight of squabs in the CWC treatment was the highest among the 5 treatments in 4 weeks. Body weight losses of parental pigeons during the rearing period were not significantly different among the 5 treatments. Protein intake in CC and CWC treatments was lower than that of the other three treatments. The CWC treatment had the highest daily weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio. Treatments were statistically similar in the relative weight of carcass, breast and thigh. CF had the lower relative weight of abdominal fat. Relative weight of gizzard in the CF treatment was significantly lower than that of CWC. It was concluded that the application of free choice feeding of whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed increased the body weight of 28-d-old pigeon squabs and decreased the feed conversion rate of parent pigeons. This feeding strategy could be commercially interesting in meat-type pigeon production.
Liposomes formed from photo-cleavable phospholipids: <i>in situ</i> formation and photo-induced enhancement in permeability (2018)

Photocleavable liposomes were formed <i>in situ</i> through the coupling of an <i>o</i>-nitrobenzyl-containing azide tail precursor and an alkyne-functionalized lysolipid by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Inclusion of the photolabile <i>o</i>-nitrobenzyl-structure enables control over the permeability and morphology of the liposomes. Photolysis of the <i>o</i>-nitrobenzyl group changes the molecular structure of the photolabile phospholipids, inducing phase transitions and permeability increases in the bilayer membrane, ultimately disrupting the liposome entity.
Effect of Antiviral Treatment on the Outcome of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia after Influenza (2004)

Secondary bacterial pneumonia is an important cause of influenza-associated death. Although antibacterial therapy is standard, antiviral therapy has been ignored because viral infections usually resolve by the time bacterial pneumonia presents. In the present study, antiviral compounds were tested in a mouse model of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia after influenza. Treatment with oseltamivir improved survival in mice from 0% to 75%, even when therapy was delayed for up to 5 days after infection with influenza virus. In mice, treatment with rimantadine had no effect on survival. Treatment with ampicillin cleared infection but, in the absence of treatment with oseltamivir, did not improve survival. Pneumonia developed in only 7 of the 22 mice receiving oseltamivir, and subsequent treatment with ampicillin resulted in cure (100% survival). Treatment of the predisposing influenza-virus infection with inhibitors specific for the viral neuraminidase may improve the efficacy of antibiotics and increase survival in persons who are at high risk for complications and mortality during influenza.
Excavation of Precious‐Metal‐Based Alloy Nanoparticles for Efficient Catalysis (2016)

Methods have recently been developed for the synthesis of excavated alloy nanoparticles. However, various challenges still need to be overcome for a broad range of excavated nanoparticles with different sizes, surface structures, compositions, and constituent elements to be available for chemical and energy transformations through thermal catalysis and electrocatalysis.
Magnetic trapping and photoacoustic detection of rare circulating tumor cells (2012)

The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the vasculature directly correlates with the likelihood of metastasis development. Their rarity, however, makes them difficult to detect. Recently, the potential of photoacoustic (PA) imaging for sensitive detection of nanoparticle-targeted diseased cells has been demonstrated. However, the strong blood background can easily mask the weak signal from targeted CTCs. The goal of this study is to utilize a multifunction nanoparticle composite molecularly targeted to CTCs, enabling magnetic trapping for rare cell accumulation with simultaneous PA imaging for detection. This technique greatly increases both the sensitivity and specificity of CTC detection. As an initial test, human prostate cancer cells, LNCaP, targeted with a nanocomposite combining a gold nanorod core with magnetic nanoparticles, circulated in a 1.6-mm tube at a maximum flow rate of 12 ml/min, mimicking CTCs in the human radial artery. Results show that cells can be magnetically trapped, accumulated, and detected at a concentration of only 7 cells/ml, within the typical range of CTCs in peripheral vessels for an active tumor. Future work will focus on improving the sensitivity to detect a single targeted CTC.
Integration of aerial robots and wireless sensor and actuator networks. The AWARE project (2010)

This paper and video are devoted to the last experiments and demonstration of the AWARE project (European Commission, FP6) carried out in Utrera, near Seville (Spain) May, 2009. The project has developed and validated in field experiments a platform providing the functionalities required for the cooperation of aerial robots with ground sensor-actuator wireless networks, including static and mobile nodes carried by people and vehicles. The project demonstrated the self-deployment, self-configuration and self-repairing of the network by using autonomous helicopters that transported and deployed sensor nodes and loads. These features are highly relevant in natural and urban environments without pre-existing infrastructure or where the infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed. Two validation scenarios have been considered: Disaster Management/Civil Security and Filming.
SHH1, a Homeodomain Protein Required for DNA Methylation, As Well As RDR2, RDM4, and Chromatin Remodeling Factors, Associate with RNA Polymerase IV (2011)

DNA methylation is an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modification that is critical for gene silencing and the maintenance of genome integrity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the de novo DNA methyltransferase, domains rearranged methyltransferase 2 (DRM2), is targeted to specific genomic loci by 24 nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) through a pathway termed RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Biogenesis of the targeting siRNAs is thought to be initiated by the activity of the plant-specific RNA polymerase IV (Pol-IV). However, the mechanism through which Pol-IV is targeted to specific genomic loci and whether factors other than the core Pol-IV machinery are required for Pol-IV activity remain unknown. Through the affinity purification of nuclear RNA polymerase D1 (NRPD1), the largest subunit of the Pol-IV polymerase, we found that several previously identified RdDM components co-purify with Pol-IV, namely RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2), CLASSY1 (CLSY1), and RNA-directed DNA methylation 4 (RDM4), suggesting that the upstream siRNA generating portion of the RdDM pathway may be more physically coupled than previously envisioned. A homeodomain protein, SAWADEE homeodomain homolog 1 (SHH1), was also found to co-purify with NRPD1; and we demonstrate that SHH1 is required for de novo and maintenance DNA methylation, as well as for the accumulation of siRNAs at specific loci, confirming it is a bonafide component of the RdDM pathway.
Regenerated Silk Fibroin from B. mori Silk Cocoon for Tissue Engineering Applications (2010)

The present study aims at the preparation of silk fibroin solution for possible applications in tissue engineering. Pure silk fibroin protein was extracted from Bombyx mori silk cocoon by degumming method using aqueous Na 2 CO 3 solution followed by solubilizing in LiBr aqueous solution. The fibroin protein solution was purified and studied for the protein content. The degumming & solubility were significantly dependent on the salt concentration, treatment temperature, and time. A salt concentration of 0.02 M Na 2 CO 3, temperature of 80C and time more than 40 min were found to be favorable degumming conditions. The proper conditions of dissolution were found as 9.3 M LiBr, 70 C temperature, and 3 h dissolving time. The morphology of degummed silk were investigated by SEM at different magnification. SEM revealed the absence of glue like sericine over the silk fibroin surface at optimal degumming condition. The fibroin protein content of the solution was measured by Bradford protein assay. The results indicate that the regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) can be used for fabrication of porous silk fibroin scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications.
Containment of composite fan blades (1979)

A lightweight containment was developed for turbofan engine fan blades. Subscale ballistic-type tests were first run on a number of concepts. The most promising configuration was selected and further evaluated by larger scale tests in a rotating test rig. Weight savings made possible by the use of this new containment system were determined and extrapolated to a CF6-size engine. An analytical technique was also developed to predict the released blades motion when involved in the blade/casing interaction process. Initial checkout of this procedure was accomplished using several of the tests run during the program.
Label-free quantitation of peptide release from neurons in a microfluidic device with mass spectrometry imaging (2012)

Microfluidic technology allows the manipulation of mass-limited samples and when used with cultured cells, enables control of the extracellular microenvironment, making it well suited for studying neurons and their response to environmental perturbations. While matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) provides for off-line coupling to microfluidic devices for characterizing small-volume extracellular releasates, performing quantitative studies with MALDI is challenging. Here we describe a label-free absolute quantitation approach for microfluidic devices. We optimize device fabrication to prevent analyte losses before measurement and then incorporate a substrate that collects the analytes as they flow through a collection channel. Following collection, the channel is interrogated using MS imaging. Rather than quantifying the sample present via MS peak height, the length of the channel containing appreciable analyte signal is used as a measure of analyte amount. A linear relationship between peptide amount and band length is suggested by modeling the adsorption process and this relationship is validated using two neuropeptides, acidic peptide (AP) and α-bag cell peptide [1-9] (αBCP). The variance of length measurement, defined as the ratio of standard error to mean value, is as low as 3% between devices. The limit of detection (LOD) of our system is 600 fmol for AP and 400 fmol for αBCP. Using appropriate calibrations, we determined that an individual Aplysia bag cell neuron secretes 0.15 ± 0.03 pmol of AP and 0.13 ± 0.06 pmol of αBCP after being stimulated with elevated KCl. This quantitation approach is robust, does not require labeling, and is well suited for miniaturized off-line characterization from microfluidic devices.
Increased Malonyl-CoA Levels in Muscle From Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Lead to Decreased Fatty Acid Oxidation and Increased Lipogenesis; Thiazolidinedione Treatment Reverses These Defects (2006)

Increased accumulation of fatty acids and their derivatives can impair insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by skeletal muscle. To characterize the nature of the defects in lipid metabolism and to evaluate the effects of thiazolidinedione treatment, we analyzed the levels of triacylglycerol, long-chain fatty acyl-coA, malonyl-CoA, fatty acid oxidation, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, and fatty acid transport proteins in muscle biopsies from nondiabetic lean, obese, and type 2 subjects before and after an euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp as well as pre-and post-3-month rosiglitazone treatment. We observed that low AMPK and high ACC activities resulted in elevation of malonyl-CoA levels and lower fatty acid oxidation rates. These conditions, along with the basal higher expression levels of fatty acid transporters, led accumulation of long-chain fatty acyl-coA and triacylglycerol in insulin-resistant muscle. During the insulin infusion, muscle fatty acid oxidation was reduced to a greater extent in the lean compared with the insulin-resistant subjects. In contrast, isolated muscle mitochondria from the type 2 subjects exhibited a greater rate of fatty acid oxidation compared with the lean group. All of these abnormalities in the type 2 diabetic group were reversed by rosiglitazone treatment. In conclusion, these studies have shown that elevated malonyl-CoA levels and decreased fatty acid oxidation are key abnormalities in insulin-resistant muscle, and, in type 2 diabetic patients, thiazolidinedione treatment can reverse these abnormalities.
Raw Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Induce Oxidative Stress and Activate MAPKs, AP-1, NF-κB, and Akt in Normal and Malignant Human Mesothelial Cells (2008)

The cellular and molecular findings reported here do suggest that SWCNTs can cause potentially adverse cellular responses in mesothelial cells through activation of molecular signaling associated with oxidative stress, which is of sufficient significance to warrant in vivo animal exposure studies.
“Como é que nascem os bebés? Como é que se fazem os bebés?” (2015)

O presente artigo é a narrativa que traduz uma reflexão prático-teórica sobre um projeto desenvolvido numa sala com 23 crianças com 5 anos de idade, pertencente ao Colégio do Vale em Almada, cujo corpo docente tem uma longa prática pedagógica desenvolvida segundo as perspetivas do Movimento da Escola Moderna. Na introdução são expostas as principais orientações que guiam a nossa prática pedagógica, e nomeadamente é elucidado o conceito de projeto que nos conduziu à conceção de um objetivo a atingir, a partir da questão encontrada “Como é que nascem os bebés?”, interesse que foi manifestado durante o Acolhimento em Conselho, onde as crianças mostraram interesse em descobrir a resposta essa questão, o que deu origem a um Projeto de Estudo. Posteriormente, é descrito o contexto pedagógico, no que se refere à organização das rotinas e dos espaços. No capítulo seguinte são apresentadas as fases que constituíram o projeto, a saber: a definição do problema; a planificação e lançamento do trabalho; a sua execução; a sua divulgação e a sua avaliação. O artigo termina com as considerações finais em que são tecidos comentários relativamente ao balanço final que fazemos deste projeto.
Nitipyuk: A Crowdsourcing Marketplace for Personal Shopper (2019)

Over the past two years, personal shopper businesses have been increasingly carried out individually through social media. Several web applications offering this type of services have emerged, but they did not come without limitations to certain products and feature availabilities in them. The limitations to individual personal shoppers were raised as the problems that will be discussed in this study. The purpose of this research was to develop an application that can open an opportunity for anyone to become an entrepreneur as well as requester or personal shopper customer. This research involved literature review, comparative analysis of similar applications, application design and evaluation with proportion testing to compare the proportion of users who agreed to those who disagreed with the statements related to the variables evaluated. In addition, an independent test was also performed to find out about the variables related to users’ satisfaction with the application. The researchers suggest developing an e-commerce application with an addition of a bidding feature to increase the level of requester-traveler interaction. From the evaluation results, it can be proven that Nitipyuk is useful and easy to use for users. It only needs improvement in the user interface design to better attract users.
Familial multiple discoid fibromas: unique histological features and therapeutic response to topical rapamycin (2013)

Familial multiple discoid fibromas is a rare genodermatosis that bears some resemblance to Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome but is not associated with mutations in the folliculin (FLCN) gene or systemic manifestations. It is characterized by the development of papules over the face and pinnae early in life. Histological findings are of fibrovascular tumours adjacent to hair follicles without features characteristic of fibrofolliculomas, which have recently been termed discoid fibromas. We present siblings with multiple papules over the face and pinnae that developed in childhood. Histological specimens from both siblings demonstrated discoid fibromas, but with some lesions exhibiting an unusual keloidal-like pattern with thick hyalinized collagen fibres surrounded by plump spindle and histiocyte-like cells. FLCN gene mutations were not found. We report on clinical improvement with topical rapamycin solution (1 mg mL(-1)) applied daily to the face for 4 months. Therapeutic response to topical rapamycin may provide a clue to the underlying genetic basis of this condition.
Incidence of Epilepsy and Unprovoked Seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984 (1993)

The incidence of epilepsy and of all unprovoked seizures was determined for residents of Rochester, Minnesota U.S.A. from 1935 through 1984. Age-adjusted incidence of epilepsy was 44 per 100,000 person-years. Incidence in males was significantly higher than in females and was high in the first year of life but highest in persons aged > or = 75 years. Sixty percent of new cases had epilepsy manifested by partial seizures, and two thirds had no clearly identified antecedent. Cerebrovascular disease was the most commonly identified antecedent, accounting for 11% of cases. Neurologic deficits from birth, mental retardation and/or cerebral palsy, observed in 8% of cases, was the next most frequently identified preexisting condition. The cumulative incidence of epilepsy through age 74 years was 3.1%. The age-adjusted incidence of all unprovoked seizures was 61 per 100,000 person-years. Age- and gender-specific incidence trends were similar to those of epilepsy, but a higher proportion of cases was of unknown etiology and was characterized by generalized onset seizures. The cumulative incidence of all unprovoked seizures was 4.1% through age 74 years. With time, the incidence of epilepsy and of unprovoked seizures decreased in children and increased in the elderly.
Preparation and In Vitro Releasing of Salmon Calcitonin Carried Porous Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (2006)

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has many advantages and is frequently used as a carrier of antibiotic and bone growth factors. Salmon calcitonin(S-CT) is effective in treating osteoporosis. Due to its potential of promoting bone cell proliferation, S-CT was combined with injectable CPC to accelerate the restoring of the bone defect induced by osteoporosis and the composite can be used in minimal invasive surgery. Uniform design was used to optimize the prescription, and the effects of pore-maker and S-CT on the characters of CPC were studied. The in vitro releasing of S-CT from the optimum CPC in deionized water, SBF and rabbit serum was studied with HPLC, respectively. The results showed that the contents of HA and citric acid-NaHCO3 affect the physical characters of CPC sharply, but S-CT has little effect on it. The releasing of S-CT in three different medium follow Hugichi equation, but the speed is slower in rabbit serum than in deionized water and SBF. S-CT carried porous injectable CPC composite possesses the basic performance for clinical needs, and it is promising to be used in osteoporosis induced bone defect and accelerate bone repair.
Label efficient learning of transferable representations across domains and tasks (2017)

We propose a framework that learns a representation transferable across different domains and tasks in a label efficient manner. Our approach battles domain shift with a domain adversarial loss, and generalizes the embedding to novel task using a metric learning-based approach. Our model is simultaneously optimized on labeled source data and unlabeled or sparsely labeled data in the target domain. Our method shows compelling results on novel classes within a new domain even when only a few labeled examples per class are available, outperforming the prevalent fine-tuning approach. In addition, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework on the transfer learning task from image object recognition to video action recognition.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Anemia, and Survival (1999)

Anemia, a common hematologic complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, can be caused by mechanisms including infections, neoplasms, or drug treatment. Studies have consistently found anemia to be associated with reduced survival, even when potentially confounding factors were controlled for. Importantly, recovery from anemia has been shown to reduce this risk to approximately the same level as seen among patients never having had anemia. Although anemia traditionally has been treated with blood transfusions, recent studies have shown recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) to be effective in elevating hematocrit values and reducing transfusion requirements in HIV-infected patients who have endogenous erythropoietin levels of < or = 500 IU/L. Therapy with r-HuEPO has been shown to be safe and well tolerated. In a recent study, moreover, receipt of erythropoietin was associated with a decreased risk of death, whereas transfusion was associated with an increased risk. If these results are confirmed, the link between r-HuEPO and decreased risk of death in HIV-infected patients with anemia will be further strengthened.