gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance and Subambient Silicon Microchannel Cooling (2006)

Abstract High performance single-phase Si microchannel coolers have been designed and characterized in single chip modules in a laboratory environment using either water at 22°C or a fluorinated fluid at temperatures between 20 and −40°C as the coolant. Compared to our previous work, key performance improvements were achieved through reduced channel pitch (from 75 to 60 microns), thinned channel bases (from 425 to 200 microns of Si), improved thermal interface materials, and a thinned thermal test chip (from 725 to 400 microns of Si). With multiple heat exchanger zones and 60 micron pitch microchannels with a water flow rate of 1.25lpm, an average unit thermal resistance of 15.9Cmm2∕W between the chip surface and the inlet cooling water was demonstrated for a Si microchannel cooler attached to a chip with Ag epoxy. Replacing the Ag epoxy layer with an In solder layer reduced the unit thermal resistance to 12.0Cmm2∕W. Using a fluorinated fluid with an inlet temperature of −30°C and 60 micron pitch microchannels with an Ag epoxy thermal interface layer, the average unit thermal resistance was 25.6Cmm2∕W. This fell to 22.6Cmm2∕W with an In thermal interface layer. Cooling &gt;500W∕cm2 was demonstrated with water. Using a fluorinated fluid with an inlet temperature of −30°C, a chip with a power density of 270W∕cm2 was cooled to an average chip surface temperature of 35°C. Results using both water and a fluorinated fluid are presented for a range of Si microchannel designs with a channel pitch from 60 to 100 microns.
Botulinum Toxin Therapy of Social Anxiety Disorder (2019)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesGeorge Washington School of MedicineWashington, DC [email protected] Department of PsychiatryGeorgetown School of MedicineWashington, DC
Bidirectional relighting for 3D-aided 2D face recognition (2010)

In this paper, we present a new method for bidirectional relighting for 3D-aided 2D face recognition under large pose and illumination changes. During subject enrollment, we build subject-specific 3D annotated models by using the subjects' raw 3D data and 2D texture. During authentication, the probe 2D images are projected onto a normalized image space using the subject-specific 3D model in the gallery. Then, a bidirectional relighting algorithm and two similarity metrics (a view-dependent complex wavelet structural similarity and a global similarity) are employed to compare the gallery and probe. We tested our algorithms on the UHDB11 and UHDB12 databases that contain 3D data with probe images under large lighting and pose variations. The experimental results show the robustness of our approach in recognizing faces in difficult situations.
Topological insulator laser: Theory (2018)

Topological insulators are phases of matter characterized by topological edge states that propagate in a unidirectional manner that is robust to imperfections and disorder. These attributes make topological insulator systems ideal candidates for enabling applications in quantum computation and spintronics. We propose a concept that exploits topological effects in a unique way: the topological insulator laser. These are lasers whose lasing mode exhibits topologically protected transport without magnetic fields. The underlying topological properties lead to a highly efficient laser, robust to defects and disorder, with single-mode lasing even at very high gain values. The topological insulator laser alters current understanding of the interplay between disorder and lasing, and at the same time opens exciting possibilities in topological physics, such as topologically protected transport in systems with gain. On the technological side, the topological insulator laser provides a route to arrays of semiconductor lasers that operate as one single-mode high-power laser coupled efficiently into an output port.
Biomimetic Device by Polymer Actuator (2001)

A perfluorocarboxylic acid membrane chemically-plated with gold bends under electric stimili in water. Using the composites, it is made a biomimetic micro actuator having large displacement and uniquely controllable motion. Complex biomimetic motion can be simulated and controlled by type of electrical stimulation, and have great flexibility in motional response depending on the incorporated cation. The principle is currently being extended to a tubular form with quadrupolar directional control for medical applications. Using a simple joystick, this arrangement may serve as a superior active catheter for in-vivo surgery, e.g., in treating brain aneurysm.
Silicon Nanotips Antireflection Surface for Micro Sun Sensor (2006)

We have developed a new technique to fabricate antireflection surface using silicon nano-tips for use on a micro sun sensor for Mars rovers. We have achieved randomly distributed nano-tips of radius spanning from 20 nm to 100 nm and aspect ratio of ∼200 using a two-step dry etching process. The 30° specular reflectance at the target wavelength of 1 μm is only about 0.09 %, nearly three orders of magnitude lower than that of bare silicon, and the hemispherical reflectance is ∼8%. By changing the density and aspect ratio of these nanotips, the change in reflectance is demonstrated. Using surfaces covered with these nano-tips, the critical problem of ghost images that are caused by multiple internal reflections in a micro sun sensor was solved.
Using voltage and temperature adders to account for variations in operating conditions during digital timing simulation (2002)

Rather than applying the historical approach of using voltage and temperature multipliers to scale timing performance in digital simulators, adders are used to model the change in performance due to variations in operating conditions (voltage and temperature). The adders are treated as functions of input transition rate (Tx) and output load capacitance (Cload) and greatly improve the absolute accuracy of the timing simulator as compared to using multipliers. A methodology for predicting the sensitivity of timing performance to variations in voltage and temperature is presented.
Modeling and Optimization of Product Appearance:  Application to Injection-Molded Plastic Panels (2005)

A new machine vision approach for estimating, monitoring, and controlling manufactured product appearance is illustrated. This new approach consists of the following: (1) extraction of textural information from product images, (2) estimation of measures of the visual quality of the product from the textural information extracted, (3) modeling causal relationships between the estimated quality and process variables, and (4) optimization of new operating conditions using the causal model. This method is specifically aimed at treating the stochastic nature in the visual appearance of many manufactured products. This nondeterministic nature of product appearance has been a main obstacle for the success of machine vision in the process industries. This approach is successfully applied to an industrial process for estimation, modeling and optimization of the visual appearance of injection-molded plastic panels.
Magnet enhanced optical falling needle/sphere rheometer (1992)

A magnet enhanced falling needle/sphere rheometer equipped with a precision optical monitor and signal feedback system has been developed. The instrument which utilized the basic features of a magnetic sphere/needle rheometer could be controlled using a PC/AT(286) computer. The important advantages of this instrument over existing falling needle/sphere viscometers are as follows: (1) An extremely large viscosity range from the usual solvent viscosity (say, ∼1.0 cP) to that of polymer melts (say, 1010 cP) is available with an experimental precision of ≲1%. (2) The measurement time could be reduced by about 4 orders of magnitude (e.g., from hours to seconds) for a high viscosity fluid. (3) One single needle/sphere could cover a few orders of the viscosity range and two needles with appropriate densities could cover the whole viscosity range (1 cP≲η≲1010 cP). (4) Only a small amount (∼4 mL with the present setup) of sample is needed. (5) The sample chamber can be sealed hermetically and is suitable for toxic fluids. (6) The instrument permits measurements of the shear rate dependence of viscosity using a single needle/sphere. (7) For nonNewtonian fluids, the viscoelastic behavior could be measured. A set of viscosity standards was used to calibrate the device. Linear calibration curves of viscosity against the reciprocal of the falling needle velocity under both natural gravity field and fixed artificial magnetic fields were obtained. A flow curve was determined for a random copolymer solution using a single needle but varying the magnetic field, showing the applicability of the device for measuring the rheological properties of polymer solutions and melts.
Cloning of a Novel Collagenase Gene from the Gram-Negative Bacterium Grimontia (Vibrio) hollisae 1706B and Its Efficient Expression in Brevibacillus choshinensis (2011)

The collagenase gene was cloned from Grimontia (Vibrio) hollisae 1706B, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the open reading frame was 2,301 bp in length and encoded an 84-kDa protein of 767 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal sequence and a zinc metalloprotease consensus sequence, the HEXXH motif. G. hollisae collagenase showed 60 and 59% amino acid sequence identities to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus collagenase, respectively. In contrast, this enzyme showed < 20% sequence identity with Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. When the recombinant mature collagenase, which consisted of 680 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 74 kDa, was produced by the Brevibacillus expression system, a major gelatinolytic protein band of ~ 60 kDa was determined by zymographic analysis. This result suggested that cloned collagenase might undergo processing after secretion. Moreover, the purified recombinant enzyme was shown to possess a specific activity of 5,314 U/mg, an ~ 4-fold greater activity than that of C. histolyticum collagenase.
Direct measurement of the superconducting properties of single grain boundaries in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1988)

We have made the first direct measurements of the critical current density of individual grain boundaries and their adjoining grains in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ superconducting films. The critical current of the boundary was always found to be less than either of the two grains. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current of the grain boundaries indicates that they are comprised of regions of weak and strong Josephson coupling. A single grain boundary was also used to build and operate a simple dc SQUID. Current-voltage curves of a grain-boundary junction n the finite voltage range show subgap structure.
Efficient communication of video using metadata (2011)

In traditional video coding schemes, motion information is tightly coupled to the prediction strategy. In this preliminary work, we depart from this model by utilizing metadata to convey motion information to the client; in particular, metadata conveys crude boundaries of objects together with motion information for these objects. Here, we are interested in applications where metadata itself carries semantics that the client is interested in, such as tracking information in surveillance applications. To keep things simple, we focus on the case where we have a single object to track. Therefore, we model each frame as a background region with a foreground region/object, enclosing each region by a quadrilateral that identifies it. The foreground quadrilateral does not follow the exact boundaries of the foreground object; it leaves the task of identifying these boundaries to the client. The advantages of metadata is that it provides a global representation of motion, which allows predicting a given object from potentially all the frames that contain that object. The approach is applicable in fully open loop systems such as in the case of the JPEG2000-Based Scalable Interactive Video (JSIV) paradigm. In this work, we present the concepts behind the proposed approach and detail the modifications introduced to the JSIV server and client policies, presenting some promising preliminary results.
Automatic capture of minimal, portable, and executable bug repros using AMPERe (2012)

Query optimizers are among the most complex software components in any database system and are naturally prone to contain software defects. Despite significant efforts in quality assurance, customers occasionally encounter unexpected errors in production systems. A self-contained repro of the problem is often the best approach toward a speedy resolution of the issue. However, repros are notoriously difficult to obtain as they require schema definition, the offending query, and potentially many other pieces of data that are difficult to capture in a consistent and accurate way. As a result, query optimizer issues have a reputation of being hard to tackle and requiring dedicated resources and exceedingly long turnaround time to provide solution to the customer.
Innovative Test Technique to Evaluate “Self-Sealing” of Concrete (2014)

Abstract Concrete is prone to cracking when subjected to tensile forces because of its low tensile strength. The cracking potential is an even bigger concern when concrete is relatively young and is in the plastic stage. Cracks induced early can grow with time because of drying shrinkage and with application of service loads. Concrete, which is otherwise impermeable, allows for free passage of moisture and other deleterious chemicals when it is cracked, leading to reduced durability of the material and, in many cases, reduced service life of the structure. The severity of some of these issues can be alleviated because of an inherent property of concrete known as “self-sealing.” As the name suggests, “self-sealing” allows for the cracks (of limited width) to be sealed on their own over a period of time. However, currently there is no standard test technique to quantify this property of concrete and other cement-based materials, such as mortar. An innovative and straightforward technique was developed by the authors and is presented in this paper. In this technique, a standard crack is induced in concrete cylinders using a standard crack-inducing jig (SCIJ). The specimens are then inserted in special rubber sleeves and this assembly is then subjected to a constant water head. The reduction in flow through the cracked specimen is measured at a given time to compare the performance of different specimens. This technique can also be used to compare the performance of concrete mixes modified using various admixtures. This paper describes this innovative test technique and includes sample test results to explain the analysis process proposed by the authors.
Extremum Seeking Control With an Adaptive Gain Based on Gradient Estimation Error (2022)

This article presents an extremum-seeking control (ESC) algorithm with an adaptive step size that adjusts the aggressiveness of the controller based on the quality of estimates obtained using a gradient estimator, which is intrinsic to many ESC algorithms. The adaptive step size ensures that the integral-action produced by the ESC control law does not destabilize the closed-loop system. To quantify the quality of the gradient estimate, we present a batch least-squares (BLS) estimator with a novel weighting term and guarantee that the gradient estimation error is bounded. The adaptive step size then maximizes the decrease of the combined plant and controller Lyapunov function for the worst-case estimation error. We also ensure that our ESC controller is input-to-state stable with respect to a class of dither signals. Finally, we demonstrate our ESC controller through benchmark examples and a practical application: leak detection with drones.
An integral‐imaging‐based head‐mounted light field display using a tunable lens and aperture array (2017)

Abstract A head‐mounted light field display based on integral imaging is considered as one of the promising methods that can render correct or nearly correct focus cues and address the well‐known vergence‐accommodation conflict problem in head‐mounted displays. Despite its great potential, it still suffers some of the same limitations of conventional integral imaging‐based displays such as low spatial resolution and crosstalk. In this paper, we present a prototype design using tunable lens and aperture array to render 3D scenes over a large depth range while maintaining high image quality and minimizing crosstalk. Experimental results verify and show that the proposed design could significantly improve the viewing experience.
Electron Field Emission From Diamond Grown By Laser QQC Process (1997)

A new diamond deposition process utilizing a plasma and a variety of interactions from a multiple laser system has been demonstrated, with WCKo substrates. The process is conducted in open air and does not involve hydrogen. Structural characterization of the diamond coatings, which have exceptional adhesion to cutting tool inserts, indicates a cubic diamond structure. Tungsten and cobalt atoms are incorporated into the film and a layer depleted in cobalt exists at the diamond- WCKo interface. Electron field emission current densities reached 6mA/cm2 at an applied voltage of 3000V for a film-anode distance of 20pm. 1. QQC PROCESS
Bilayer Pseudo-Spin Field Effect Transistor (BiSFET): Concepts and Critical Issues for Realization (2012)

The Bilayer pseudo-spin Field Effect Transistor (BiSET) has been proposed as one means of taking advantage of possible room temperature superfluidity in two graphene layers separated by a thin dielectric. In principle, the switching energy per device could be on the scale of 10 zJ, over two orders of magnitude below estimates for "end-of the roadmap" CMOS transistors. However, achieving both the goal of room temperature superfluidity and harnessing it for low-power switching pose substantial challenges, both theoretical and experimental. In this work we review the basic graphene superfluidity and BiSFET concepts, our current understanding―and limits to that understanding―of the requirements for condensate formation, and how these requirements could impact BiSFET design.
Analogue micropowered log-domain tone controllerfor auditory prostheses (1998)

A micropower tone-control circuit comprising two first-order log-domain filters and a subtractor built with MOS transistors in weak inversion is described. The tone-controller is capable of providing bass cut/boost and treble cut operations. This circuit is being used in new designs of a conventional (acoustic) hearing-aid and cochlear implant.
A resource allocation architecture with support for interactive sessions in utility grids (2004)

Utility Grids implement a virtualization architecture and allow for sharing of infrastructure for improved return on investment (ROI). We consider extending the existing Grid infrastructure to support interactive sessions in an enterprise setting. This would allow users to remotely execute interactive applications in the Grid and view their output using remote display technologies. We propose a resource allocation architecture to support such interactive sessions in utility Grids. End-users submit requests for a remote desktop session. A utility Grid site resource allocation system assigns a compute node for this request considering performance needs of such remote desktop sessions. We also propose a hierarchical admission control system. The system consists of a site admission control system for admission control of remote desktop sessions, and a session admission control system at the compute node for admission check of per-application interactive sessions. We also present discussion on mixed workloads consisting of requests for batch jobs and interactive remote desktop sessions.
Improvement in the modulation bandwidth of MOS optical modulators by using p-SiGe slab (2015)

The modulation bandwidth of MOS optical modulators can be improved by low-resistive p-SiGe slab. In conjunction with the enhanced plasma dispersion in SiGe, the bandwidth can be improved by 1.3 times with shorter device length.
Improvement of ocular blood flow with dopamine antagonists on ocular-hypertensive rabbit eyes. (1992)

The eyedrops of the ocular-hypotensive dopamine antagonists, trifluperidol, moperone, lenperone, and spiperone, were instilled into an ocular-hypertensive rabbit eye. The blood flows in the choroid, retina, iris root-ciliary body, and iris were measured with colored microspheres at various time periods. It was found that all these dopamine antagonists, at a concentration of 0.5%, increased the blood flow in all eye tissues. Dopamine, at a concentration of 3%, produced a biphasic action by decreasing the blood flow initially at 30 min, then increasing it at 120 min and thereafter. But 1.5% dopamine produced a monophasic action which increased the blood flow after 180 min. Since dopamine antagonists are not cholinergics or adrenolytics, they are not supposed to produce the side effects induced by pilocarpine or timolol. It is hoped that they can become satisfactory drugs for glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
A Phase Adaptive Structure for Echo Cancellation (1978)

Echo cancellation as an effective technique for echo control on telephone circuits is burdened by the appearance of carrier frequency offsets and phase jitter in some echo paths. In this paper we present a digital phase-adaptive structure for cancellation which will automatically compensate for echo path frequency offsets as large as 0.001 of the sampling rate without any reduction in return/loss enhancement.
First Demonstration of a Low Loss 37-cell Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber and its Use for Data Transmission (2013)

A low loss (4.5dB/km) 37-cell core HC-PBGF is reported for the first time. Detailed modal analysis using time of flight and S2 techniques, and error-free 40Gbit/s single mode data transmission are presented.