gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Array Calibration for CDMA Smart Antenna Systems (2004)

In this paper, we investigate array calibration algorithms to derive a further improved version for correcting antenna array errors and RF transceiver errors in CDMA smart antenna systems. The structure of a multi-channel RF transceiver with a digital calibration apparatus and its calibration techniques are presented, where we propose a new RF receiver calibration scheme to minimize interference of the calibration signal on the user signals. The calibration signal is injected into a multichannel receiver through a calibration signal injector whose array response vector is controlled in order to have a low correlation with the antenna response vector of the receive signals. We suggest a model-based antenna array calibration to remove the antenna array errors including mutual coupling errors or to predict the element patterns from the array manifold measured at a small number of angles. Computer simulations and experiment results are shown to verify the calibration algorithms.
Chirality Sensor Based on Non-Linear Transmittance Change (2011)

A copolymer of N-isopropylacryl­amide and a chiral pseudo-18-crown-6-ether (S,S)-3 have been synthesized by AIBN-initiated radical polymerization. The polymer exhibits temperature-dependent phase transitions accompanied by sharp non-linear transmittance change upon complexation with chiral ammonium salts. The ratio of the apparent binding constants (KR/KS) varies from 16±1 for NEA˙HCl to 180±10 for PEA˙HCl in aqueous solutions.
Loss and Thermal Analyses for Modular Multilevel Converters (2019)

A modular multilevel converter exhibits large loss and temperature differences within a submodule when operated with a power factor close to unity. It has been shown that these temperature differences can be decreased by implementing low loss modulation techniques and circulating current control, increasing reliability and lifetime.
Precision Figuring and Finishing of Glass Using Femtosecond Lasers (2023)

Ultrafast laser processing of glass material was investigated to address the need for precise, flexible figuring and finishing tools with minimal thermal effects. A dynamic pulse propagation model was established and used to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of surface temperature, through which a set of optimum laser processing conditions was determined. The impact of laser parameters on material removal and surface quality was experimentally investigated for Borofloat glass. Linearly controllable material removal is achieved with the determined laser parameters, and the processed area maintains the optic-quality surface roughness for various material removal depths. This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation I/UCRC Center for Freeform Optics (IIP-1822049 and IIP-1822026).
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Poly(ester amide)s with Pendant Amine Functional Groups and In Vitro Cellular Response (2009)

The purpose of this study was to use a convenient synthetic strategy to prepare a new family of biodegradable amino acid-based poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) with pendant amine groups along the polymer backbone, and investigate the applications of the new polymers in the biomedical area. Two amino acids, L-phenylalanine (Phe) and L-lysine (Lys), were used as the model amino acid compounds to illustrate the synthesis, characterization, and biological property of this new family of functional PEAs. These new PEAs were obtained by two-step reactions, the ring-opening reaction of epsilon-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-lysine N-carboxyanhydride (Z-LysNCA) with L-phenylalanine hexane-1,6-diol diester p-toluenesulfonate (Phe-6), and subsequently solution polycondensation with di-p-nitrophenyl sebacoyl (NS). The benzyloxycarbonyl (Z) protective groups of the resulting polymer (PEA-Z-Lys) were completely removed to produce the new functional PEAs having free pendant amine groups (PEA-Lys-NH(2)). The level of the pendant amine groups on the PEA-Lys-NH(2) could be tailored by adjusting the Phe-6 to Z-LysNCA feed ratio. Analyses of FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectra, and DSC revealed the desired chemical structures and thermal property of PEA-Z-Lys as well as the final functional PEA-Lys-NH(2). The free pendant amine groups were used to chemically conjugate a fluorescent dye to demonstrate the utility of this new family of functional PEA. An in vitro cell culture study of these functional PEAs showed that they supported the proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cell slightly better than gelatin-coated glass coverslips. This new family of biodegradable functional PEA with free amine groups may have great potential applications for biomedical and pharmacological fields.
Discovering topical structures of databases (2008)

The increasing complexity of enterprise databases and the prevalent lack of documentation incur significant cost in both understanding and integrating the databases. Existing solutions addressed mining for keys and foreign keys, but paid little attention to more high-level structures of databases. In this paper, we consider the problem of discovering topical structures of databases to support semantic browsing and large-scale data integration. We describe iDisc, a novel discovery system based on a multi-strategy learning framework. iDisc exploits varied evidence in database schema and instance values to construct multiple kinds of database representations. It employs a set of base clusterers to discover preliminary topical clusters of tables from database representations, and then aggregate them into final clusters via meta-clustering. To further improve the accuracy, we extend iDisc with novel multiple-level aggregation and clusterer boosting techniques. We introduce a new measure on table importance and propose an approach to discovering cluster representatives to facilitate semantic browsing. An important feature of our framework is that it is highly extensible, where additional database representations and base clusterers may be easily incorporated into the framework. We have extensively evaluated iDisc using large real-world databases and results show that it discovers topical structures with a high degree of accuracy.
Optomechanical design of a high-precision detector robot arm system for x-ray nano-diffraction with x-ray nanoprobe (2014)

Collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory has created a design for the high-precision detector robot arm system that will be used in the x-ray nano-diffraction experimental station at the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN) beamline for the NSLS-II project. The robot arm system is designed for positioning and manipulating an x-ray detector in three-dimensional space for nano-diffraction data acquisition with the HXN x-ray microscope. It consists of the following major component groups: a granite base with air-bearing support, a 2-D horizontal base stage, a vertical axis goniometer, a 2-D vertical plane robot arm, a 3-D fast scanning stages group, and a 2-D x-ray pixel detector. The design specifications and unique optomechanical structure of this novel high-precision detector robot arm system will be presented in this paper.
Synthesis of ‘reactive’ and covalent polymeric multilayer coatings with durable superoleophobic and superoleophilic properties under water (2017)

Bioinspired underwater super-oil-wettability (superoleophilic/superoleophobic) properties are emerging as a potential avenue for developing smart materials for addressing issues related to healthcare, environment, energy, <i>etc.</i> However, the inherent poor durability of the materials that are mostly developed using polymeric hydrogel, metal oxide coatings and electrostatic multilayers often challenges the application of these wettability properties in practical scenarios. Here, 'amine-reactive' polymeric multilayers of nano-complex were developed to fabricate 'internal' underwater superoleophobic/superoleophilic coatings with impeccable physical/chemical durability. This allows the super-wetting properties to exist beyond the surface of the material and remain intact even after severe physical damage including erosion of the material and continuous exposure to an artificial-marine environment for more than 80 days. Moreover, this current design allowed for independent revalidation of some key hypotheses with direct experimental demonstrations, and provided a basis to develop highly durable super-oil-wettability properties under water. It is believed that this contemporary study will make a worthwhile contribution on developing multifunctional materials for widespread practical applications by exploiting these super-oil-wetting properties.
Local mobility and service access for enterprise femtocell networks (2013)

Abstract Femtocells were originally designed for standalone home deployment. Yet, there is a growing interest in exploiting their advantages also in many cell deployments for enterprises and public spaces. Such Enterprise Femtocell Networks (EFNs) differ not only in scale but also in user traffic patterns and service requirements. A significant share of user traffic in EFNs is local, that is, between mobile devices attached to the same EFN. In the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) architecture, this traffic is nevertheless sent to the mobile core network and back, causing unnecessary load on the core and backhaul network infrastructures. Local Internet Protocol (IP) Access (LIPA) and Selective IP Traffic Offload play important roles in EFNs, but the current 3GPP architecture supports them neither with full mobility within and to/from EFN nor with the possibility to (re‐)establish LIPA sessions from the macro network with a single, consistent mechanism. This paper addresses both problems by proposing the following: (1) a solution for localising data and control plane traffic that significantly offloads both the mobile core network and the backhaul and (2) a solution enabling a consistent local and remote access to enterprise services. These solutions are then evaluated in detail. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two-dimensional distributed-feedback lasers and their applications (1973)

We report the operation of two-dimensional distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers in which periodic thickness variations exist in two orthogonal directions in the plane of the film. By using photoresist and chemical etching, two-dimensional gratings with periods of 0.635 and 4.34 μm are formed on fused silica substrates. For the gain medium, a polyurethane film doped with rhodamine 6G is used. Emission characteristics and potential applications of two-dimensional DFB lasers are discussed.
Optimization-based reconstruction for reduction of CBCT artifact in IGRT (2016)

Kilo-voltage cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays an important role in image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) by providing 3D spatial information of tumor potentially useful for optimizing treatment planning. In current IGRT CBCT system, reconstructed images obtained with analytic algorithms, such as FDK algorithm and its variants, may contain artifacts. In an attempt to compensate for the artifacts, we investigate optimization-based reconstruction algorithms such as the ASD-POCS algorithm for potentially reducing arti- facts in IGRT CBCT images. In this study, using data acquired with a physical phantom and a patient subject, we demonstrate that the ASD-POCS reconstruction can significantly reduce artifacts observed in clinical re- constructions. Moreover, patient images reconstructed by use of the ASD-POCS algorithm indicate a contrast level of soft-tissue improved over that of the clinical reconstruction. We have also performed reconstructions from sparse-view data, and observe that, for current clinical imaging conditions, ASD-POCS reconstructions from data collected at one half of the current clinical projection views appear to show image quality, in terms of spatial and soft-tissue-contrast resolution, higher than that of the corresponding clinical reconstructions.
FPGA-Based Acceleration of the 3D Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (2004)

In order to take advantage of the significant benefits afforded by computational electromagnetic techniques, such as the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, solvers capable of analyzing realistic problems in a reasonable time frame are required. Although software-based solvers are frequently used, they are often too slow to be of practical use. To speed up computations, hardware-based implementations of the FDTD method have been recently proposed. In this paper, we present our most recent progress in the area of FPGA-based 3D FDTD accelerators. Three aspects of the design are discussed, including the host-PC interface, memory hierarchy, and computational datapath. Implementation and benchmarking results are also presented, demonstrating that this accelerator is capable of at least three-fold speedups over thirty-node PC clusters.
Development of a bipedal robot that walks like an animation character (2015)

Our goal is to bring animation characters to life in the real world. We present a bipedal robot that looks like and walks like an animation character. We start from animation data of a character walking. We develop a bipedal robot which corresponds to lower part of the character following its kinematic structure. The links are 3D printed and the joints are actuated by servo motors. Using trajectory optimization, we generate an open-loop walking trajectory that mimics the character's walking motion by modifying the motion such that the Zero Moment Point stays in the contact convex hull. The walking is tested on the developed hardware system.
Maternal immunization with gametocyte antigens as a means of providing protective immunity against Eimeria maxima in chickens (1992)

In the present study, we wished to demonstrate the ability of surface gametocyte antigens to induce protective immunity against Eimeria maxima infections in chickens. In order to accomplish this goal, we employed maternal immunization as a means of providing large amounts of specific antibodies to offspring chicks. Upon challenge with sporulated E. maxima oocysts, chicks from hens immunized with affinity-purified gametocyte antigens showed greatly reduced oocyst production compared with chicks from sham-immunized hens. These results suggest that maternal immunization with gametocyte antigens can be used as a means to provide transmission-blocking immunity against E. maxima infections.
Speaker Adaptation for Attention-Based End-to-End Speech Recognition (2019)

We propose three regularization-based speaker adaptation approaches to adapt the attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) model with very limited adaptation data from target speakers for end-to-end automatic speech recognition. The first method is Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) regularization, in which the output distribution of a speaker-dependent (SD) AED is forced to be close to that of the speaker-independent (SI) model by adding a KLD regularization to the adaptation criterion. To compensate for the asymmetric deficiency in KLD regularization, an adversarial speaker adaptation (ASA) method is proposed to regularize the deep-feature distribution of the SD AED through the adversarial learning of an auxiliary discriminator and the SD AED. The third approach is the multi-task learning, in which an SD AED is trained to jointly perform the primary task of predicting a large number of output units and an auxiliary task of predicting a small number of output units to alleviate the target sparsity issue. Evaluated on a Microsoft short message dictation task, all three methods are highly effective in adapting the AED model, achieving up to 12.2% and 3.0% word error rate improvement over an SI AED trained from 3400 hours data for supervised and unsupervised adaptation, respectively.
Novel rifamycins. III Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-amidino- and of 4-aminoimidazolo(4,5-c)rifamycin derivatives. (1983)

A number of semisynthetic rifamycin derivatives modified at position 3 and/or 4, belonging to general structures 2 and 4 (see Scheme 1), have been obtained. The synthesis and the biological activities of the new compounds are described. Compounds 4p and 4q display very good antimycobacterial activity in mice.
Two-wavelength WDM analog CATV transmission with low cross talk (2002)

We report a two-wavelength WDM analog CATV transmission system with cross talk <-60 dBc at launched power of +9 dBm/wavelength, an improvement of 13 dB over previous results. We are able to achieve this result principally by reducing the channel spacing from 8.6 nm to 2.2 nm. In addition, contrary to expectations for SRS, we find significant reduction of the cross talk by applying a 2-GHz dithering tone to the laser.
Microgravity coring: A self-contained anchor and drill for consolidated rock (2012)

The Microspine Drill, a self-contained anchor and rotary percussive drill, is presented. The Microspine Drill can core in an inverted orientation into consolidated rock, a harder-than-zero-g proof of concept. The anchor extends the use of mi-crospines to microgravity environments. Microspines, originally developed for climbing robots, use arrays of hooks with passive suspension structures to opportunistically grasp rough surfaces and share loads across many contacts. Utilizing radial arrays and hierarchical compliance, this new system creates omnidirectional anchors. Prototypes have demonstrated anchoring strengths of >;155 N tangent to, >;150 N at 45° to, and >;180 N normal to the rock surface. Using a weight-on-bit of ~60N, 20 mm diameter boreholes were drilled 83 mm deep into vesicular basalt and a'a samples while retaining 12 mm diameter cores. The anchor-drill combination can be used to acquire samples and set up rope networks during future manned missions to near earth objects. The instrument also enables gravity independent sample acquisition from rock surfaces for science missions to asteroids, comets, or the walls and ceilings of lava tubes, craters, caves, and other extreme planetary terrains.
Experimental testing and modelling of a resistive type superconducting fault current limiter using MgB<sub>2</sub>wire (2012)

A prototype resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) was developed using single-strand round magnesium diboride (MgB2) wire. The MgB2 wire was wound with an interleaved arrangement to minimize coil inductance and provide adequate inter-turn voltage withstand capability. The temperature profile from 30 to 40 K and frequency profile from 10 to 100 Hz at 25 K were tested and reported. The quench properties of the prototype coil were tested using a high current test circuit. The fault current was limited by the prototype coil within the first quarter-cycle. The prototype coil demonstrated reliable and repeatable current limiting properties and was able to withstand a potential peak current of 372 A for one second without any degradation of performance. A three-strand SFCL coil was investigated and demonstrated scaled-up current capacity. An analytical model to predict the behaviour of the prototype single-strand SFCL coil was developed using an adiabatic boundary condition on the outer surface of the wire. The predicted fault current using the analytical model showed very good correlation with the experimental test results. The analytical model and a finite element thermal model were used to predict the temperature rise of the wire during a fault.
Fouling of Nearly Incompatible Oils (2001)

The fouling of heat exchangers by asphaltenes in petroleum crude oils is found to be caused not only by incompatible crude oil mixtures but also by mixtures that are nearly incompatible. It is reasoned that the tendency for asphaltenes to adsorb on heated metal surfaces increases as the oil mixture approaches compositions at which asphaltenes precipitate. Based upon data for mixtures of Forties and Souedie crude oils, this region of near-incompatibility occurs for ratios of the solubility blending number to the insolubility number that are between 1.0 and 1.4. These numbers can be measured on individual oils using the oil compatibility model and tests and calculated for mixtures.
Preliminary results of a telomerase-based circulating tumor cell assay in prostate cancer patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy. (2014)

139 Background: Circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis provides a minimally invasive tool to serially assess a primary tumor and its response to treatment, which may assist management. We conducted a pilot study among patients with localized prostate cancer to examine the potential effectiveness of a novel telomerase-based CTC assay for tracking the response to definitive radiotherapy (RT). Methods: The assay relies on processing and exposure of peripheral blood samples to an adenoviral vector, utilizing the human telomerase promoter to drive the expression of a fluorescent reporter. Such a system results in high specificity and sensitivity for prostate cancer cell detection since telomerase is elevated in almost all malignancies, but not in normal cells. Peripheral blood samples from patients with localized prostate cancer were obtained up to one month prior to initiating RT (pre-RT), one-half to two-thirds through completion of the RT course (mid-RT), and after completion of RT (post-RT, 3 to 6 months following completion of treatment). Fifty seven subjects were enrolled on this study, with a mean age of 67 (SD 6.7 years). Fifteen had low-risk, 25 had intermediate risk, and 17 had high risk disease at the time of diagnosis. Twenty subjects received androgen suppression. Results: We successfully detected CTCs in the majority of patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer of varying Gleason scores (GS), risk status, and disease stages. The mean CTC counts per ml of blood were: Pre-RT 20.2 (standard error (SE) 8.5), mid-RT 11.0 (SE 2.5), and post-RT 1.0 (SE 0.4). The difference in CTC counts from pre-RT to post-RT was statistically significant (p<0.03). Conclusions: We have successfully detected CTCs in patients undergoing definitive RT for localized prostate cancer with a novel CTC assay. CTC counts appear to decline after definitive radiotherapy. While these promising results may further aid research of CTCs in prostate cancer, the ultimate implications for subsequent patient decisions and management remain to be studied.
Stabilization of the hindered urea bond through de-<i>tert</i>-butylation (2021)

We report the discovery of an acid-assisted de-tert-butylation reaction that can instantly "turn off" the dynamicity of hindered urea bonds (HUBs) and thus broaden their applications. The reaction is demonstrated to be widely applicable to different hindered urea substrates, leading to improved chemical stabilities and mechanical properties of HUB-containing materials.
The Stability of UWB Low-Frequency SAR Images (2016)

This letter presents an analysis of prefiltered clutter ultrawideband (UWB) very high frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The image data are reorganized into subvectors based on the observation of the image-pair magnitude samples. Based on this approach, we present a statistical description of the SAR clutter obtained by the subtraction between two real SAR images. The statistical analysis based on bivariate distribution data organized into different intervals of magnitude can be an important tool to further understand the properties of the backscattered signal for low-frequency SAR images. In this letter, it is found that, for “good” image pairs, the subtracted image has Gaussian distributed clutter backscattering and that the noise mainly consists of the thermal noise and, therefore, speckle noise does not have to be considered. This is a consequence of the stable backscattering for a UWB low-frequency SAR system.