gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Elmore delay models suitable for full chip timing verification of a 600MHz CMOS microprocessor (1998)

In this paper we introduce a method for computing the Elmore delay of MOS circuits which relies on a model of the capacitance of MOS devices and a model of the Elmore delay of individual MOS devices. The resistance of a device is not explicitly modelled. The Elmore models are used to compute the Elmore delay and the 50% point delay of CMOS circuits in a static timing verifier. Elmore delays computed with these models fall within 10% of SPICE and can be computed thousands of times faster than if computed using SPICE. These models were used to verify critical paths during the design of a 600MHz microprocessor.
Power-switch gate-oxide breakdown tolerance techniques for power-gated SRAM (2010)

The gate-oxide breakdowns (BD) of the power-switches have severe and even detrimental effects on the margin, stability, and performance of the power-gated SRAM. This paper proposes and evaluates several techniques to mitigate the power-switch gate-oxide BD, including adding a gate series resistance to the power switch, dual threshold voltage power switch, thick gate-oxide power switch, and dual gate-oxide thickness power switch. It is shown that dual gate-oxide thickness power switch improves the time-to-dielectric-breakdown of the power switch while maintaining the performance without side effect.
Flat Facet Parabolic Solar Concentrator With Support Cell for One and More Mirrors (2008)

Abstract:- Parabolic dish solar concentrators are very expensive devices with a cost of up to a half of the total cost of a solar power station. The specific technology of parabolic mirror manufacturing makes the decrease of the cost very problematic. Even in mass production the cost of a parabolic mirror is estimated as $500 per square meter. There is another way to make a parabolic concentrator by approximating a parabolic surface with large number of small flat mirrors. We created a small prototype of this type of solar concentrator which contains 24 flat mirrors in the form of equilateral triangles with side length of 50mm. This prototype has special nuts to adjust the positions of the nodes in the points of connections of the apexes. These nuts make it possible to approximate the parabolic shape in an easy and inexpensive way.
The electromagnetic pulse technology (EMPT): forming, welding, crimping and cutting (2014)

The electromagnetic pulse technology (EMPT) provides non-contact processes for joining, welding, forming and cutting of metals. For EMPT processing electromagnetic coils are used, to which a short but very high-power electric current is applied from a pulse generator. The coil produces electromagnetic forces, which can for instance change the diameter of tubes by compression or expansion. Non-magnetic metals such as aluminium tubes can also be processed, as an eddy current is temporarily induced in the skin of the tubes. EMPT processes can be used for joining, welding, forming and cutting of metals with particular success with those with high electric conductivity such as aluminum, copper and steel tubes. Nonsymmetric cross-sections can also be expanded or compressed, resulting in a mechanical interlock, a solid phase weld or simply a geometry change if required. The procedure is so fast that it can produce solid-phase welds with a microstructure very similar to that of explosive welding.
Investigation of CCL filter for multilevel selective compensation (SHC) with staircase modulation (2017)

Multilevel topology and selective harmonic compensation (SHC) can control active power, reactive power, and to provide ancillary functions to support the grid. However, researchers find that with conventional L or LCL filter, multilevel SHC would act as noise source and inject harmonics to the grid by itself. Moreover, the output current of the multilevel converter is sensitive to the error of the controller or modulator. Therefore, the application of multilevel SHC is limited. This paper investigates and compares the output voltage harmonic spectrum between the multilevel SHC and conventional H-Bridge with SPWM modulation. Based on the differences, it identifies the limits when applying conventional L or LCL filter in the multilevel SHC. Then it proposes the principles and requirements for optimal filters. Based on the principle, it proposes a CCL filter to satisfy all the requirements. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed CCL filter.
Can circular RNAs be used as prenatal biomarkers for congenital diaphragmatic hernia? (2019)

<b>Circular RNAs are dysregulated in lungs of congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients, a malformation of the lung and diaphragm. These results suggest that they can serve as prenatal biomarkers to improve prognostication and diagnostic accuracy.</b>http://bit.ly/2Cz7Bzm
Antimonide e-SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR barrier infrared detector and focal plane array development (2018)

The unipolar barrier photodetector architecture such as the nBn provides an effective means for lowering generationrecombination dark current by suppressing Shockley-Read-Hall processes, and for reducing surface leakage dark current. This has been especially beneficial for III-V semiconductor based infrared photodiodes, which traditionally tend to suffer from excess depletion dark current and the lack of good surface passivation. Advances in bulk and type- II superlattice infrared absorber materials have provided continuously adjustable cutoff wavelength span ranging from 2 to 14 μm and beyond, greatly expanding the limited coverage provided by traditional bulk III-V infrared detectors based on InGaAs and InSb. In this work we discuss recent developments of antimonide-based extended-SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR detectors and focal plane arrays at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
A melt-processible high temperature superconductor (1987)

The authors report the preparation and characterization of a melt-processible high-temperature superconductor based on a melt reaction between TbVa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ and Y/sub 1.2/ and Ba/sub 0.8/CuO/sub 4-y/ at 950/sup 0/C. The samples have sharp superconducting translations above 90K as determined by resistivity and AC susceptibility measurements. X-ray diffraction shows crystal structures nearly identical to those of Y Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ sintered superconductors. The dense void-free melt-processible superconductors have potential for large single-crystal growth and for high critical currents with low-cost processing
Novel Photochromic Homopolymers Based on 1,2-Bis(3-thienyl)cyclopentenes (2003)

Incorporation of photochromic molecules into polymer matrices is necessary for materials applications such as optical information processing. Several novel homopolymers were prepared from 1,2-bis(3-thienyl)cyclopentene derivatives using ring-opening metathesis polymerization techniques. Analysis by UV−vis absorption spectroscopy revealed that, in solution, they retained the appealing photochromic behavior exhibited by their respective monomers. The polymers were cast as thin films and spin-coated onto quartz substrates where the solid-state photochromic properties of the polymers were similar to those in solution.
Ligands for κ-Opioid and ORL1 Receptors Identified from a Conformationally Constrained Peptide Combinatorial Library (1999)

We have screened a synthetic peptide combinatorial library composed of 2 x 10(7) beta-turn-constrained peptides in binding assays on four structurally related receptors, the human opioid receptors mu, delta, and kappa and the opioid receptor-like ORL1. Sixty-six individual peptides were synthesized from the primary screening and tested in the four receptor binding assays. Three peptides composed essentially of unnatural amino acids were found to show high affinity for human kappa-opioid receptor. Investigation of their activity in agonist-promoted stimulation of [(35)S]guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding assay revealed that we have identified the first inverse agonist as well as peptidic antagonists for kappa-receptors. To fine-tune the potency and selectivity of these kappa-peptides we replaced their turn-forming template by other turn mimetic molecules. This "turn-scan" process allowed the discovery of compounds with modified selectivity and activity profiles. One peptide displayed comparable affinity and partial agonist activity toward all four receptors. Interestingly, another peptide showed selectivity for the ORL1 receptor and displayed antagonist activity at ORL1 and agonist activity at opioid receptors. In conclusion, we have identified peptides that represent an entirely new class of ligands for opioid and ORL1 receptors and exhibit novel pharmacological activity. This study demonstrates that conformationally constrained peptide combinatorial libraries are a rich source of ligands that are more suitable for the design of nonpeptidal drugs.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation and Hydroboration Reactions (2021)

The utilization of manganese catalysts for hydrofunctionalization reactions has grown at a rapid pace in recent years. Early efforts to develop manganese catalysts for carbonyl hydrosilylation have been followed up with considerable improvements in activity and substrate reduction scope. Efficient manganese catalysts for carbonyl, formate, ester, and alkene hydrosilylation have been discovered. Furthermore, recent reports have demonstrated deoxygenative amide reduction, carbon dioxide reduction, and even the formation of silicones that are traditionally prepared using platinum catalysts. Manganese catalysts have also been shown to catalyze asymmetric ketone hydrosilylation and hydroboration with excellent enantioselectivity. A considerable amount of mechanistic information has been gathered throughout these contributions, which will undoubtedly guide the development of next-generation manganese catalysts.
LATTICE-BASED UNSUPERVISED MLLR FOR SPEAKER ADAPTATION (2000)

In this paper we explore the use of lattice-based information for unsupervised speaker adaptation. As initially formulated, maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) aims to linearly transform the means of the gaussian models in order to maximize the likelihood of the adaptation data given the correct hypothesis (supervised MLLR) or the decoded hypothesis (unsupervised MLLR). For the latter, if the first-pass decoded hypothesis is extremely erroneous (as it is the case for large vocabulary telephony applications) MLLR will often find a transform that increases the likelihood for the incorrect models, and may even lower the likelihood of the correct hypothesis. Since the oracle word error rate of a lattice is much lower than that of the 1-best or N-best hypotheses, by performing adaptation against a word lattice, the correct models are more likely to be used in estimating the transform. Furthermore, the particular MAP lattice that we propose enables the use of a natural confidence mea...
Dynamic PolyConjugates for targeted <i>in vivo</i> delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes (2007)

Achieving efficient in vivo delivery of siRNA to the appropriate target cell would be a major advance in the use of RNAi in gene function studies and as a therapeutic modality. Hepatocytes, the key parenchymal cells of the liver, are a particularly attractive target cell type for siRNA delivery given their central role in several infectious and metabolic disorders. We have developed a vehicle for the delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo, which we have named siRNA Dynamic PolyConjugates. Key features of the Dynamic PolyConjugate technology include a membrane-active polymer, the ability to reversibly mask the activity of this polymer until it reaches the acidic environment of endosomes, and the ability to target this modified polymer and its siRNA cargo specifically to hepatocytes in vivo after simple, low-pressure i.v. injection. Using this delivery technology, we demonstrate effective knockdown of two endogenous genes in mouse liver: apolipoprotein B (apoB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (ppara). Knockdown of apoB resulted in clear phenotypic changes that included a significant reduction in serum cholesterol and increased fat accumulation in the liver, consistent with the known functions of apoB. Knockdown of ppara also resulted in a phenotype consistent with its known function, although with less penetrance than observed in apoB knockdown mice. Analyses of serum liver enzyme and cytokine levels in treated mice indicated that the siRNA Dynamic PolyConjugate was nontoxic and well tolerated.
Identification of Specific Inhibitors of IMP Dehydrogenase (2003)

IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is an important therapeutic target and IMPDH inhibitors are used in cancer chemotherapy and for immunosuppression. Although IMPDH inhibitors may have therapeutic potential as antimicrobial, antifungal or antiprotozoal agents, no specific IMPDH inhibitors have been identified for microbial organisms. The recent availability of crystal structures of IMPDH from different organisms will facilitate the identification of these agents. We have developed a screening method for identifying IMPDH inhibitors that is applicable to any class of organism The system is amenable to high throughput systems for the screening of inhibitors generated by combinatorial chemistry or other methods and can be used to screen for inhibitors to IMPDH from any source for which a coding sequence is available. The addition of exogenous guanosine can be used as a method to identify inhibitory chemicals that specifically target IMPDH. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health and Environmental Research, under Contract W-31-109-ENG-38.
Deposition Of Cubic BN On Diamond Interlayers (1994)

Thin films of polycrystalline, pure, cubic boron nitride (c-BN) formed on various substrates, according to proposal, by chemical vapor deposition onto interlayers of polycrystalline diamond. Substrate materials include metals, semiconductors, and insulators. Typical substrates include metal-cutting tools: polycrystalline c-BN coats advantageous for cutting ferrous materials and for use in highly oxidizing environments-applications in which diamond coats tend to dissolve in iron or be oxidized, respectively.
A New Class of Error-Pattern-Correcting Codes Capable of Handling Multiple Error Occurrences (2007)

A new class of high-rate error-pattern-correcting cyclic codes that correct most single occurrences of target error patterns and a significant portion of their multiple occurrences is proposed. This code is based on first designing a generator polynomial of the lowest possible degree that is tailored to any single occurrence of target error patterns. The generator polynomial is then multiplied by a primitive polynomial so that a cyclic code based on a higher degree generator polynomial can handle all single occurrences of the target error patterns, as well as some highly probable multiple occurrences, using the captured syndrome and reliability measure. A performance comparison is provided for a jitter-dominant perpendicular recording channel
Progress toward a Live, Attenuated Human Hepatitis A Vaccine (1982)

Human hepatitis A virus was attenuated in virulence for marmosets by passage in FRhK6 and human diploid lung fibroblast cell cultures. A number of variants were produced that showed different levels of virulence/attenuation for marmosets. Marmosets that had attenuated virus-like responses following injection of variant virus were challenged with virulent virus; all were solidly immune to infection. Antibody stimulated by the vaccine equated with protection. These findings show that human hepatitis A virus can be attenuated and show the feasibility for eventual development of a live, attenuated hepatitis A vaccine for human use.
Single-shot high dynamic range imaging with conventional camera hardware (2011)

A combination of photographic filter placed over the lens and the color filter array on image sensor induces differences in red, green, and blue channel sensitivities. Spectrally selective single-shot HDR (S4HDR) imaging treats this as an exposure bracketing. Optimally exposed regions of low dynamic range red/green/blue color components are merged in a principled manner to yield a single HDR color image. Though not expected to yield results superior to the traditional time multiplexing counterparts, the single-shot HDR solution we propose is a robust alternative that can be realized with conventional camera hardware.
Rate Assay for Determination of Serum Pseudo-Cholinesterase Activity (1983)

A simple and reproducible method for the determination of serum pseudo-cholinesterase activity was developed by making use of a stable substrate, p-hydroxybenzoylcholine, with p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase as a linked enzyme. The method is based on spectrophotometric measurement of the decrease of NADPH. p-Hydroxybenzoate released from p-hydroxybenzoylcholine is hydroxylated by the action of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase in the presence of NADPH and O2 to produce 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and NADP+. This method is superior to the conventional methods in that this substrate is extremely stable up to pH 9.0, which is close to the optimum pH for the assay (pH 8.0). Serum interference was resolved by the use of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase as a linked enzyme. The Km value of pseudocholinesterase for p-hydroxybenzoylcholine is 1 X 10(-5) M. The results of our method and Garry's method (Clin. Chem. 11, 91-96, 1965) correlated well (r = 0.962). The within-run and between-run C.V. values were 2.1 and 2.7, respectively.
Non-Invasive Functional Evaluation of the Human Spinal Cord by Assessing the Peri-Spinal Neurovascular Network With Near Infrared Spectroscopy (2021)

Current medical care lacks an effective functional evaluation for the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography mainly provide structural information of the spinal cord, while spinal somatosensory evoked potentials are limited by a low signal to noise ratio. We developed a non-invasive approach based on near-infrared spectroscopy in dual-wavelength (760 and 850 nm for deoxy- or oxyhemoglobin respectively) to record the neurovascular response (NVR) of the peri-spinal vascular network at the 7th cervical and 10th thoracic vertebral levels of the spinal cord, triggered by unilateral median nerve electrical stimulation (square pulse, 5-10 mA, 5 ms, 1 pulse every 4 minutes) at the wrist. Amplitude, rise-time, and duration of NVR were characterized in 20 healthy participants. A single, painless stimulus was able to elicit a high signal-to-noise ratio and multi-segmental NVR (mainly from Oxyhemoglobin) with a fast rise time of 6.18 [4.4-10.4] seconds (median [Percentile 25-75]) followed by a slow decay phase for about 30 seconds toward the baseline. Cervical NVR was earlier and larger than thoracic and no left/right asymmetry was detected. Stimulus intensity/NVR amplitude fitted to a 2nd order function. The characterization and feasibility of the peri-spinal NVR strongly support the potential clinical applications for a functional assessment of spinal cord lesions.
A computational tool for pre-surgical evaluation of epilepsy patients (2014)

Epilepsy is a neurological condition affecting 50 million people worldwide. Patients suffer from recurrent seizures that disrupt various aspects of normal life and lead to brain damage and other comorbidities. Unfortunately, up to 40% of epilepsy patients have medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), which is unresponsive to medication. For these patients, the only solution is surgical removal of the region of the brain causing the seizures, or the epileptogenic zone (EZ). However, surgical resection is contingent upon correct identification of the EZ, a challenging task that is currently done by visual inspection of hundreds of channels of information. Unsurprisingly, resection has a 50% long-term failure rate, largely due to misidentification of the EZ. Repeated invasive monitoring to increase the accuracy of EZ identification is also not a desirable option because it is both dangerous and expensive. We have developed a computational tool, EZTrack, to help clinicians identify a patient's EZ using intracranial EEG data. EZTrack employs a novel algorithm to analyze the brain as a network during different seizure and non-seizure time periods in order to isolate the likely location of the EZ. In preliminary testing of EZTrack on data from 19 patients who underwent surgical resection, we were able to correctly predict all of their outcomes. EZTrack holds far-reaching implications for epilepsy patients, including reduced hospital stays, decreased costs, lowered risk of comorbidities, and better surgical outcomes. With EZTrack, patients who undergo the formidable procedure of surgical resection will have a significantly greater chance of actually living life seizure-free.
Common mechanism controlling phase and antigenic variation in pathogenic Neisseriae (1987)

The expression of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae opacity protein (Op, protein II), a major antigenic determinant of the outer membrane, is subject to frequent phase transitions. At least nine expression loci (opaE) are involved in the production of a large number of serologically distinct Op types. Using opa-specific oligonucleotides as probes in genomic blots, we detect Op-related gene sequences (opr) in N. meningitidis as well as in N. lactamica. DNA sequence analysis of such opr genes derived from N. meningitidis reveals distinct regions of homology with gonococcal opa E genes. As shown in the immunoblot, the proteins encoded by opa and opr are serologically related. Like the opaE genes, the 5'-coding sequences of the opr genes include a repetitive sequence composed of pentameric CTCTT units. The number of these coding repeat (CR) units is variable. This finding, together with the observation that all opr genes are constitutively transcribed, regardless of the status of protein production, suggests a translational control mechanism identical to that of the opa genes in gonococci. The related structures and control mechanisms of opa and opr genes imply a general significance of their gene products for the pathogenic character of the investigated Neisseria species.
Protective Immunity against Respiratory Tract Challenge with<i>Yersinia pestis</i>in Mice Immunized with an Adenovirus‐Based Vaccine Vector Expressing V Antigen (2006)

The aerosol form of the bacterium Yersinia pestis causes the pneumonic plague, a rapidly fatal disease. At present, no plague vaccines are available for use in the United States. One candidate for the development of a subunit vaccine is the Y. pestis virulence (V) antigen, a protein that mediates the function of the Yersinia outer protein virulence factors and suppresses inflammatory responses in the host. On the basis of the knowledge that adenovirus (Ad) gene-transfer vectors act as adjuvants in eliciting host immunity against the transgene they carry, we tested the hypothesis that a single administration of a replication-defective Ad gene-transfer vector encoding the Y. pestis V antigen (AdsecV) could stimulate strong protective immune responses without a requirement for repeat administration. AdsecV elicited specific T cell responses and high IgG titers in serum within 2 weeks after a single intramuscular immunization. Importantly, the mice were protected from a lethal intranasal challenge of Y. pestis CO92 from 4 weeks up to 6 months after immunization with a single intramuscular dose of AdsecV. These observations suggest that an Ad gene-transfer vector expressing V antigen is a candidate for development of an effective anti-plague vaccine.