gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase behavior of <i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer hydrogels prepared with ultrasound (2003)

Abstract N ‐Isopropylacrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer hydrogels were synthesized with ultrasound. The thermoresponsive phase behaviors of gels synthesized with ultrasound (US gels) were investigated and compared with those of gels synthesized in the absence of ultrasound (FR gels). The US gels showed thermoresponsive swelling behavior with a large hysteresis over a wide range of temperatures around its phase‐transition temperature. The hysteresis became larger with an increasing copolymerized acrylic acid content. The US gels were also characterized from the viewpoint of chemical, hydration, and macroscopic physical structures. Little difference was observed in the chemical and hydration structures of the FR gels and US gels. The macroscopic physical structure of the US gels was, however, distinct from that of the FR gels. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2449–2452, 2003
Using Autoencoded Voxel Patterns to Predict Part Mass, Required Support Material, and Build Time (2018)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) allows designers to create intricate geometries that were once too complex or expensive to achieve through traditional manufacturing processes. Currently, designing parts using features specific to AM, commonly referred to as Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM), is restricted to experts in the field. As a result novices in industry may overlook potentially transformational design potential enabled by AM. This project aims to automate DfAM through deep learning making it accessible to a broader audience, and enabling designers of all skill levels to leverage unique AM geometries when creating new designs. To execute such an approach, a database of files was acquired from industry-sponsored AM challenges focused on lightweight design. These files were converted to a voxelized format, which provides more robust information for machine learning applications. Next, an autoencoder was constructed to a low-dimensional representation of the part designs. Finally, that autoencoder was used to construct a deep neural network capable of predicting various DfAM attributes. This work demonstrates a novel foray towards a more extensive DfAM support system that supports designers at all experience levels.
The optimum ring ratio of 16-APSK in LTE uplink over nonlinear system (2014)

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) has been selected for use in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) uplink due to its lower Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) relative to OFDMA The resultant lower PAPR results in fewer excursions into the amplifier's nonlinear region, where signal distortion can occur and results in degraded bit error rate (BER). The SC-FDMA scheme normally applies 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM), but amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation has a lower PAPR than does 16-QAM, resulting in improved BER This paper investigates the constellation ring ratio of the 16-APSK modulation scheme and its effects on BER through its effects on the PAPR. Simulation results are used to conclude that a ring ratio that ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 delivers the best results and provides BER and PAPR improvement.
Net-Shaping of Ceramic Components by Using Rapid Prototyping Technologies (2011)

The application of rapid prototyping (RP) in ceramics was motivated by the advances in engineering ceramics and traditional ceramics where methods of creating complex shapes are limited (Cawley, 1997). Ceramics have many outstanding physical and chemical properties and attract lots of researchers’ attentions to find new industrial applications for this kind of material such as components resistant to the high temperature, piezoelectric sensor and actuators (Safari et al., 2006; Miyamoto, 2004). But ceramics often cause high machining costs for products in limited quantities and high tooling costs in injection molding of large batches. Moreover, ceramic components with complicated structures cannot be shaped by the conventional forming processes such as casting, forging and machining. High temperature ceramics are also hard and difficult to machine. Even for the simple geometries which can be produced by the traditional fabrication process, the time needed for the mould preparation drastically enlarges the period between the design and the first prototyping verification of the new production. Industrial applications of ceramic materials especially for the jobbing work and complicated components are largely restricted by the lack of the net-shaping capability for the components with complex structures. Rapid prototyping came into being at the end of last century when the first Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) was invented as the first RP machine in 1984 by 3D Systems (Hul, 1984). It begins with a CAD model, usually a solid or a surface model which can be designed by the users. The CAD model is imported into the rapid prototyping system in which there is special software slicing the solid model to define a group of layers. The layer information including the process route, parameters and material properties is read by the computer. A computer controlled laser scanner realizes the laser scanning process to form each layer according to the respective layer information. Since the object grows layer by layer, it is possible to realize material and process combinations which are impossible to achieve with conventional methods. The general purpose is just to make prototypes in order to reduce the time of products development by shortening the period between design and test and then cut the development cost of new products. In recent years a pronounced method diversification has resulted in a large variety of different rapid prototyping techniques allowing for the generation of prototypes made of polymers, metals and ceramics. Now functional components, specially using metal or
Biological monitoring : an introduction (1993)

Biological monitoring: an introduction , Biological monitoring: an introduction , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Methods to Calculate the Heat Index as an Exposure Metric in Environmental Health Research (2013)

We identified 21 separate heat index algorithms used in environmental research. Our analysis demonstrated that methods to calculate heat index are inconsistent across studies. Careful choice of a heat index algorithm can help ensure reproducible and consistent environmental health research.
Praeger micro irrigating hook for intraocular lens implantation. (1979)

A new micro blunt irrigating hook is introduced for utilization in intraocular lens implant surgery. It is simple, inexpensive, and requires no previous experience. It allows for adequate reposition of the superior loop of any type of lens along with the recovery of the proximal loop of a McCannel suture. Finally, it allows the most inexperienced operator to center a lens ideally in a totally deep chamber, avoiding the vicissitudes of either perforation of the posterior capsule, anterior hyloid, or damage to the delicate endothelium.
Pulse stretching in a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1980)

Stretching of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switched Nd:YAG laser pulses has been achieved by rapidly varying the resonator output coupling during the pulse duration, using a Pockels cell driven by a high-voltage planar triode. An analytical solution for the temporal variation of loss, inversion, and photon density has been found. Flat laser pulses up to 600 ns duration and energy extraction efficiency close to 100 percent have been demonstrated experimentally.
Structural Characterization of Zirconium Cations Derived from a Living Ziegler−Natta Polymerization System:  New Insights Regarding Propagation and Termination Pathways for Homogeneous Catalysts (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStructural Characterization of Zirconium Cations Derived from a Living Ziegler−Natta Polymerization System: New Insights Regarding Propagation and Termination Pathways for Homogeneous CatalystsRichard J. Keaton, Kumudini C. Jayaratne, James C. Fettinger, and Lawrence R. SitaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 51, 12909–12910Publication Date (Web):December 6, 2000Publication History Received9 October 2000Published online6 December 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0056771https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0056771rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views721Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Hydrogen,Molecular structure,Oligomers,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of the Guanylyl Cyclase-Linked Natriuretic Peptide Receptor B:  Dephosphorylation Is a Mechanism of Desensitization (1998)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) binds the guanylyl cyclase-linked natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and stimulates marked elevations of the intracellular signaling molecule, cGMP. Here, the essential role of phosphorylation in the hormonal activation and deactivation of this receptor is described. Exposure of NIH3T3 fibroblasts overexpressing NPR-B (3T3-NPR-B) to CNP resulted in time-dependent decreases in both subsequent CNP-dependent cGMP elevations in whole cells and hormone-dependent guanylyl cyclase activity assayed in crude membranes. NPR-B isolated from resting 3T3-NPR-B cells was phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues, and exposure to CNP resulted in a time-dependent dephosphorylation and desensitization of the receptor. Immunoblot analysis and guanylyl cyclase activity assayed with the general activators Mn2+ and Triton X-100 indicated that these reductions were not due to receptor degradation. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping analysis suggested that CNP treatment caused a complete dephosphorylation of approximately one-half of the NPR-B population. In vitro dephosphorylation of crude 3T3-NPR-B membranes with purified protein phosphatase 2A was highly correlated with losses in CNP- but not Mn2+- and Triton X-100-dependent guanylyl cyclase activity. Taken together, these data indicate that the catalytic activity of NPR-B is tightly coupled to its phosphorylation state and that dephosphorylation is a mechanism of desensitization.
Heparanase Cooperates with <i>Ras</i> to Drive Breast and Skin Tumorigenesis (2014)

Heparanase has been implicated in cancer but its contribution to the early stages of cancer development is uncertain. In this study, we utilized nontransformed human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and two genetic mouse models [Hpa-transgenic (Hpa-Tg) and knockout mice] to explore heparanase function at early stages of tumor development. Heparanase overexpression resulted in significantly enlarged asymmetrical acinar structures, indicating increased cell proliferation and decreased organization. This phenotype was enhanced by coexpression of heparanase variants with a mutant H-Ras gene, which was sufficient to enable growth of invasive carcinoma in vivo. These observations were extended in vivo by comparing the response of Hpa-Tg mice to a classical two-stage 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) protocol for skin carcinogenesis. Hpa-Tg mice overexpressing heparanase were far more sensitive than control mice to DMBA/TPA treatment, exhibiting a 10-fold increase in the number and size of tumor lesions. Conversely, DMBA/TPA-induced tumor formation was greatly attenuated in Hpa-KO mice lacking heparanase, pointing to a critical role of heparanase in skin tumorigenesis. In support of these observations, the heparanase inhibitor PG545 potently suppressed tumor progression in this model system. Taken together, our findings establish that heparanase exerts protumorigenic properties at early stages of tumor initiation, cooperating with Ras to dramatically promote malignant development.
Generation and Characterization of Ptf1a Antiserum and Localization of Ptf1a in Relation to Nkx6.1 and Pdx1 During the Earliest Stages of Mouse Pancreas Development (2008)

Ptf1a and Pdx1 are critical transcription factors of early pancreatic development, as shown by loss of function studies where lack of each gene alone causes almost complete pancreas agenesis. Ptf1a is particularly interesting because it is linked to a recently reported signature gene expression profile associated with the multipotent condition. Few useful antibody reagents have been available for consistent and reliable immunohistochemical visualization of Ptf1a protein expression in the early developing pancreas in which the level of production of this critical regulator seems to be very low. We describe a novel rabbit antibody raised against the c-terminal portion of the mouse Ptf1a protein and report immunodetection, for the first time, as early as embryonic day (e) 8.5-e8.75 in the dorsal and ventral buds of the mouse pancreas as well as in the neural tube at e10.0. Detailed confocal analysis identifies an abundant triple-positive (Ptf1a(+)/Nkx6.1(+)/Pdx1(+)) putative early multipotent pancreatic progenitor cell that marks the e9.5 dorsal pancreas and e10.5 ventral pancreas. Furthermore, expression patterns of Nkx6.1 vs Ptf1a subsequently segregate during branching morphogenesis (trunk vs tip), ending up marking two distinct cell populations of progenitors at e12.5. From e15.5 (mouse) and in adult pancreas (mouse, rat, and human), the Ptf1a antibody marks only acinar cell nuclei, as expected for its subsequent role in committing/maintaining cells in this differentiated state. In summary, this antibody is a novel tool to further characterize important early steps of pancreas differentiation. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.
Nanostenciling for combinatorial fabrications and interconnections of nanopatterns and microelectrodes (2007)

Stencil lithography is used for patterning and connecting nanostructures with metallic microelectrodes in ultrahigh vacuum. Microelectrodes are fabricated by static stencil deposition through a thin silicon nitride membrane. Arbitrary nanoscale patterns are then deposited at a predefined position relative to the microelectrodes, using as a movable stencil mask an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever in which apertures have been drilled by focused ion beam. Large scale AFM imaging, combined with the use of a high precision positioning table, allows inspecting the microelectrodes and positioning the nanoscale pattern with accuracy better than 100 nm.
Sucrose and Monosodium Glutamate Taste Thresholds and Discrimination Ability of T1R3 Knockout Mice (2006)

Molecular and behavioral studies have identified heterodimers of the T1R family as receptors for detecting the tastes of sweet (T1R2 + T1R3) and umami (T1R1 + T1R3). However, behavioral studies have reported conflicting findings with T1R3 knockout (KO) mice. One study showed a complete or nearly complete loss of preference for sweet and umami substances by KO mice, whereas KO mice in another study showed only a partial reduction in preferences for sucrose and monosodium glutamate (MSG), the prototypical umami substance. The present experiments used psychophysical methods to assess how sensitive T1R1-KO mice are to sucrose and MSG and discrimination methods to determine if these mice could distinguish between the tastes of sucrose and MSG. Detection thresholds of T1R3-KO mice and wild-type (WT) C57Bl mice were nearly identical for sucrose and MSG. Mice of both genotypes were easily able to discriminate between the tastes of sucrose and MSG. When amiloride (a sodium channel blocker) was added to all solutions to reduce the taste of Na+, discrimination accuracy of both genotypes of mice decreased but more so for the T1R3-KO mice than the WT mice. However, even when the sodium taste of MSG was neutralized, both genotypes could still discriminate between the two substances well above chance performance. These results suggest that sucrose and MSG can be detected by taste receptors other than T1R2 + T1R3 and T1R1 + T1R3 and that the conflicts between the previous studies may have been due to the methodological limitations.
Cyano‐Functionalized Triarylamines on Au(111): Competing Intermolecular versus Molecule/Substrate Interactions (2013)

The self‐assembly of cyano‐substituted triarylamine derivatives on Au(111) is studied with scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Two different phases, each stabilized by at least two different cyano bonding motifs are observed. In the first phase, each molecule is involved in dipolar coupling and hydrogen bonding, while in the second phase, dipolar coupling, hydrogen bonding and metal‐ligand interactions are present. Interestingly, the metal–ligand bond is already observed for deposition of the molecules with the sample kept at room temperature leaving the herringbone reconstruction unaffected. It is proposed that for establishing this bond, the Au atoms are slightly displaced out of the surface to bind to the cyano ligands. Despite the intact herringbone reconstruction, the Au substrate is found to considerably interact with the cyano ligands affecting the conformation and adsorption geometry, as well as leading to correlation effects on the molecular orientation.
Measures of human population structure show heterogeneity among genomic regions (2005)

Estimates of genetic population structure (F(ST)) were constructed from all autosomes in two large SNP data sets. The Perlegen data set contains genotypes on approximately 1 million SNPs segregating in all three samples of Americans of African, Asian, and European descent; and the Phase I HapMap data set contains genotypes on approximately 0.6 million SNPs segregating in all four samples from specific Caucasian, Chinese, Japanese, and Yoruba populations. Substantial heterogeneity of F(ST) values was found between segments within chromosomes, although there was similarity between the two data sets. There was also substantial heterogeneity among population-specific F(ST) values, with the relative sizes of these values often changing along each chromosome. Population-structure estimates are often used as indicators of natural selection, but the analyses presented here show that individual-marker estimates are too variable to be useful. There is inherent variation in these statistics because of variation in genealogy even among neutral loci, and values at pairs of loci are correlated to an extent that reflects the linkage disequilibrium between them. Furthermore, it may be that the best indications of selection will come from population-specific F(ST) values rather than the usually reported population-average values.
Recombinant DNA derived monomeric insulin analogue: comparison with soluble human insulin in normal subjects. (1988)

The much faster absorption from subcutaneous tissue of the disubstituted monomeric insulin analogue compared with soluble insulin suggests that the analogue may be a potential candidate for rapid insulin delivery after subcutaneous bolus injection.
Autoantibodies frequently detected in patients with aplastic anemia (2003)

Although accumulating evidence strongly suggests that aplastic anemia (AA) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, no target antigens have yet been described for AA. In autoimmune diseases, target autoantigens frequently induce not only cellular T-cell responses but also humoral B-cell responses. We hypothesized that the presence of antigen-specific autoantibodies could be used as a "surrogate marker" for the identification of target T-cell autoantigens in AA patients. We screened a human fetal liver library for serologic reactivity against hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell antigens and isolated 32 genes. In 7 of 18 AA patients, an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response was detected to one of the genes, kinectin, which is expressed in all hematopoietic cell lineages tested including CD34+ cells. No response to kinectin was detected in healthy volunteers, multiply transfused non-AA patients, or patients with other autoimmune diseases. Epitope mapping of IgG autoantibodies against kinectin revealed that the responses to several of the epitopes were shared by different AA patients. Moreover, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells raised against kinectin-derived peptides suppressed the colony formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GMs) in an HLA class I-restricted fashion. These results suggest that kinectin may be a candidate autoantigen that is involved in the pathophysiology of AA.
Under the canopy of development aid: illegal logging and the shadow state (2022)

The term ‘Shadow State' refers to illicit extraction and patrimonial resource grabs. This paper documents the history of Cambodia's Shadow State and its interlocutors in the timber trade, drawing connections to contemporary timber extraction involving syndicated logging, government officials, and USAID. We use this to discuss three interrelated things: How infrastructures for Shadow State extraction morph with policy changes and persist through time. How climate change politics connect a long history of violent resource extraction, and how the ‘shadow’ state is knowingly hidden within the modern state. The implications of our findings for social and environmental justice cannot be ignored.