gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility demonstration of 20 Gbit/s single channelsolitontransmission over 11500 km using alternating-amplitudesolitons (1994)

Single-carrier, single-polarisation 20 Gbit/s soliton data transmission over 11500 km with BER below 10-9 has been experimentally demonstrated using alternating-amplitude solitons and optical time-division multiplexing. This is the first report showing the feasibility of 230 Tbit/skm transmission capacity by single channel 20 Gbit/s soliton transmission using conventional optical amplifier systems.
Replication at the speed of change (2020)

The IBM Db2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) is a state-of-the art hybrid database system that seamlessly extends the strong transactional capabilities of Db2 for z/OS with the very fast column-store processing in Db2 Warehouse. The Accelerator maintains a copy of the data from Db2 for z/OS in its backend database. Data can be synchronized at a single point in time with a granularity of a table, one or more of its partitions, or incrementally as rows changed using replication technology. IBM Change Data Capture (CDC) has been employed as replication technology since IDAA version 3. Version 7.5.0 introduces a superior replication technology as a replacement for IDAA's use of CDC - Integrated Synchronization. In this paper, we present how Integrated Synchronization improves the performance by orders of magnitudes, paving the way for near real-time Hybrid Transactional and Analytical (HTAP) processing.
Estrogen-like effects of tamoxifen on human endometrial carcinoma transplanted into nude mice. (1984)

The effect of tamoxifen (TAM) on human endometrial carcinoma was investigated in nude mice bearing an estrogen receptor-positive or estrogen receptor-negative tumor. The receptor-negative tumor grew rapidly, and the rates of tumor growth of 17 beta-estradiol or TAM-treated animals were identical to the rate of controls. The estradiol receptor and progesterone receptor (PR) concentrations in the tumor cytosol remained undetectable under all experimental conditions. In contrast, the rate of growth of steroid receptor positive tumor was significantly accelerated in the presence of TAM compared to controls (p less than 0.02). The increased tumor growth rate was, however, significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than that observed in animals receiving 17 beta-estradiol. The PR concentration in these tumors was elevated in response to TAM treatment. That the TAM-induced PR was indeed functional was evident from (a) increased activities of the progestin-sensitive enzyme, 17 beta-estradiol hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and (b) histological appearance of subnuclear vacuolization in these tumors after progestin administration. These studies indicate that continuous, short-term administration of TAM to nude mice results in an estrogen-like effect on endometrial carcinoma. Based on the finding that TAM induces functional PR, we predict that steroid receptor-positive endometrial carcinoma may show a greater response rate to combined, long-term treatment with TAM and progestin.
The First Events Of Protochlorophyll(Ide) Photoreduction Investigated In Etiolated Leaves By Means Of The Fluorescence Excited By Short, 610 Nm Laser Flashes At Room Temperature (1981)

Etiolated bean leaves have been illuminated at room temperature by various laser flashes (610 nm) and the resulting fluorescence emission spectra have been recorded. The flashes include either single 5—10 ps pulses or larger (500 ns, 2 μs) trains of such pulses. The room temperature emission spectrum of protochlorophyllide in vivo is characterized by emission bands at 633, 645, 649 and 657 nm. At the beginning of a first 500 ns saturating flash, weak fluorescence bands are seen in the region of λ > 675 nm. Their intensity remains weak during the whole first flash. At a second flash, separated from the first by a dark interval of some seconds, the intensity of the fluorescence increases strongly in the region of λ > 675 nm; this fluorescence is then due to chloro- phyllide. This is interpreted by the formation of a non-fluorescent, intermediate pigment state at the first flash which changes into the highly fluorescent chlorophyllide-protein during the interval between flashes. During the first, 500 ns saturating flash, a time sequence of distinct fluorescence emission bands is seen at λ > 675 nm. This sequence starts with long-wavelength emitting pigment forms and ends with a band centered at 686—688 nm. A similar sequence is seen by increasing the intensity of a 2 μs flash. This suggests that more than one short-lived intermediate species are formed as a consequence of protochlorophyllide excitation.
Autonomously Bioluminescent Mammalian Cells for Continuous and Real-time Monitoring of Cytotoxicity (2013)

Mammalian cell-based in vitro assays have been widely employed as alternatives to animal testing for toxicological studies but have been limited due to the high monetary and time costs of parallel sample preparation that are necessitated due to the destructive nature of firefly luciferase-based screening methods. This video describes the utilization of autonomously bioluminescent mammalian cells, which do not require the destructive addition of a luciferin substrate, as an inexpensive and facile method for monitoring the cytotoxic effects of a compound of interest. Mammalian cells stably expressing the full bacterial bioluminescence (luxCDABEfrp) gene cassette autonomously produce an optical signal that peaks at 490 nm without the addition of an expensive and possibly interfering luciferin substrate, excitation by an external energy source, or destruction of the sample that is traditionally performed during optical imaging procedures. This independence from external stimulation places the burden for maintaining the bioluminescent reaction solely on the cell, meaning that the resultant signal is only detected during active metabolism. This characteristic makes the lux-expressing cell line an excellent candidate for use as a biosentinel against cytotoxic effects because changes in bioluminescent production are indicative of adverse effects on cellular growth and metabolism. Similarly, the autonomous nature and lack of required sample destruction permits repeated imaging of the same sample in real-time throughout the period of toxicant exposure and can be performed across multiple samples using existing imaging equipment in an automated fashion.
Improving Bandwidth Utilization using Eager Writeback (2001)

Cache memories have been incorporated into almost all modern, general-purpose microprocessors. To maintain data consistency between cache structures and the rest of the memory systems, most of thesecachesemployeithera writebackora write-throughstrategytodealwithstoreoperations. Writethroughcachespropagatedatatomoredistantmemorylevelsatthetimeeachstoreoccurs,producinga signiflcantbustra‐coverheadtomaintainconsistencybetweenthememoryhierarchylevels. Writeback caches can signiflcantly reduce the bandwidth requirements between caches and memory by marking cachelinesas dirtywhenstoresareprocessedandwritingthoselinestothememorysystemonlywhen thatdirtylineisevicted. Writebackcachesworkwellformanyapplications;however,forapplications that experience signiflcant numbers of cache misses over a very short interval due to streaming data, writebackcachedesignscandegradeoverallsystemperformancebyclusteringbusactivitywhendirty lines contend with data being fetched into the cache. In this paper we present a technique called Eager Writeback, which avoids performance loss due to clustered memory tra‐c patterns found in streaming and graphics applications by speculatively cleaning dirty cache lines prior to their eviction. Eager Writeback can be viewed as a compromise betweenwrite-throughandwritebackpolicies,inwhichdirtylinesarewrittenlaterthanwrite-through, butpriortowriteback. Wewillshowthatthisapproachcanefiectivelyavoidtheperformancedegradation caused by clustering bus tra‐c in a writeback approach, while incurring very minimal additional memory tra‐c.
Low-noise single-chip potentiostat for nano-bio-electrochemistry over a 1MHz bandwidth (2009)

A single-chip versatile potentiostat is presented that allows multiple amperometric electrochemical measurements at the nanoscale. Cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, impedance time tracking and amperometry can be performed over a 1 MHz bandwidth, with sub-pA resolution and over an unlimited measuring time. The design of the current amplifier, based on a simple transistor matching architecture, is illustrated. The results of the experimental characterization and of the validation electrochemical tests are discussed. The performances demonstrated, such as 3aF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> capacitance resolution with an applied 100 kHz sinusoid of only 25 mV, are suitable for electrochemical investigation at sub-micrometric electrodes, in particular for biotechnology applications.
A Simple and Sensitive Microtiter Plate Estrogen Bioassay Based on Stimulation of Alkaline Phosphatase in Ishikawa Cells: Estrogenic Action of Δ<sup>5</sup>Adrenal Steroids* (1990)

We have developed an estrogen bioassay using the Ishikawa human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line growing in 96-well microtiter plates. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity (AlkP) in these cells is markedly stimulated by estrogens, and this enzyme can be easily quantified in situ using a chromogenic substrate. These cells are very sensitive to estrogens; estradiol induces AlkP at levels as low as 10(-12) M. Antiestrogens completely block the action of estradiol. Various estrogens stimulate AlkP with potencies comparable to those achieved in vivo. The induction of AlkP is specific for estrogens; no other type of steroid, including androgens, progestins, mineralocorticoids, or glucocorticoids produce this effect. The stimulation of AlkP in Ishikawa cells is specific for estrogens, is highly reproducible and sensitive, and permits large numbers of samples to be assayed with ease. We have used this assay to investigate the estrogenic action of the adrenal delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroids. While pregnenolone is inactive, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate ester induce AlkP slightly. However, the C19 steroid, 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol is considerably more estrogenic in this assay, although it stimulates Ishikawa AlkP with a potency of 1/30,000 that of estradiol. The stimulation by 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol is inhibited by antiestrogens, but it is not blocked by the delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid isomerase/dehydrogenase inhibitor, cyanoketone, or by the aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxy-androstenedione. Thus, neither conversion to a delta 4-3-ketone nor aromatization is required for the action of this unusual estrogen.
Effects of cold plasma treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of soybean (2014)

Effects of cold plasma treatment on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr cv. Zhongdou 40) seed germination and seedling growth were studied. Seeds were pre-treated with 0, 60, 80, 100 and 120 W of cold plasma for 15 s. Results showed that plasma treatments had positive effects on seed germination and seedling growth, and treatment of 80 W had the highest stimulatory effect. Germination and vigor indices significantly increased by 14.66% and 63.33%, respectively. Seed's water uptake improved by 14.03%, and apparent contact angle decreased by 26.19%. Characteristics of seedling growth, including shoot length, shoot dry weight, root length and root dry weight, significantly increased by 13.77%, 21.95%, 21.42% and 27.51%, respectively, compared with control. The seed reserve utilization, including weight of the mobilized seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage and seed reserve utilization efficiency significantly improved by cold plasma treatment. In addition, soluble sugar and protein contents were 16.51% and 25.08% higher than those of the control. Compared to a 21.95% increase in shoot weight, the root weight increased by 27.51% after treatment, indicating that plasma treatment had a greater stimulatory effect on plant roots. These results indicated that cold plasma treatment might promote the growth even yield of soybean.
TES imaging array technology for C ℓ OVER (2006)

C<sub>ℓ</sub>OVER is an experiment which aims to detect the signature of gravitational waves from inflation by measuring the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background. C<sub>ℓ</sub>OVER consists of three telescopes operating at 97, 150, and 220 GHz. The 97-GHz telescope has 160 horns in its focal plane while the 150 and 220-GHz telescopes have 256 horns each. The horns are arranged in a hexagonal array and feed a polarimeter which uses finline-coupled TES bolometers as detectors. To detect the two polarizations the 97-GHz telescope has 320 detectors while the 150 and 220-GHz telescopes have 512 detectors each. To achieve the required NEPs the detectors are cooled to 100 mK for the 97 and 150-GHz polarimeters and 230 mK for the 220-GHz polarimeter. Each detector is fabricated as a single chip to guarantee fully functioning focal planes. The detectors are contained in linear modules made of copper which form split-block waveguides. The detector modules contain 16 or 20 detectors each for compatibility with the hexagonal arrays of horns in the telescopes' focal planes. Each detector module contains a time-division SQUID multiplexer to read out the detectors. Further amplification of the multiplexed signals is provided by SQUID series arrays. The first prototype detectors for C<sub>ℓ</sub>OVER operate with a bath temperature of 230 mK and are used to validate the detector design as well as the polarimeter technology. We describe the design of the C<sub>ℓ</sub>OVER detectors, detector blocks, and readout, and give an update on the detector development.
Surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D, in respiratory fungal infections: their role in the inflammatory response (2016)

Pulmonary surfactant is a complex fluid that comprises phospholipids and four proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D) with different biological functions. SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D are essential for the lungs' surface tension function and for the organization, stability and metabolism of lung parenchyma. SP-A and SP-D, which are also known as pulmonary collectins, have an important function in the host's lung immune response; they act as opsonins for different pathogens via a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain and enhance the attachment to phagocytic cells or show their own microbicidal activity by increasing the cellular membrane permeability. Interactions between the pulmonary collectins and bacteria or viruses have been extensively studied, but this is not the same for fungal pathogens. SP-A and SP-D bind glucan and mannose residues from fungal cell wall, but there is still a lack of information on their binding to other fungal carbohydrate residues. In addition, both their relation with immune cells for the clearance of these pathogens and the role of surfactant proteins' regulation during respiratory fungal infections remain unknown. Here we highlight the relevant findings associated with SP-A and SP-D in those respiratory mycoses where the fungal infective propagules reach the lungs by the airways.
Reduced graphene oxides by microwave-assisted ionothermal treatment (2012)

Given their potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices and circuits, reduced graphene oxides (RGOs) have attracted considerable interest. However, more facile and environmentally friendly reduction methods, whether thermal or chemical reduction methods, still need to be further exploited. In this paper, a facile and environmentally friendly method was developed to reduce the graphene oxides (GOs) homogeneously exfoliated in ionic liquids by microwave-assisted ionothermal treatment under relative low temperature (200 °C) and atmospheric pressure. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and electrical conductivity measurement were used to confirm the formation of RGOs with a high reduction degree. The large enhancement of C/O atomic ratio (from 1.32 to 7.65) and at least four orders of electrical conductivity rise of RGOs compared with GOs revealed the high deoxygenation and graphitization efficiency of this method. In addition, the conductive RGOs could be successfully exfoliated to a single layer in some organic solvents, which is paramount for their scalable applications. In consideration of the involatile and recyclable nature of ionic liquids, this novel method can be considered as an economical and green thermal reduction route.
Lateral Dimerization of the E-cadherin Extracellular Domain Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Adhesive Activity (2002)

Cadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins involved in Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Using L cells coexpressing E-cadherin constructs with different epitope tags, we examined the lateral dimerization of E-cadherin and its adhesive activity by co-immunoprecipitation and aggregation assays, respectively. Although the transmembrane domain is required for dimerization, tail-less constructs possessing the transmembrane domain of either N-cadherin or CD45 show dimerization and are active in aggregation assays. Two mutant constructs having either of two amino acid substitutions, W2A or substitutions that disrupt the recognition sequence for endoproteolytic enzymes involved in removal of the precursor segment, cannot form dimers and are inactive in aggregation. These monomeric proteins, like their wild-type dimerizing counterparts, retain their Ca(2+)-dependent resistance to trypsin digestion, suggesting that dimerization per se does not induce a large conformational change. Two other constructs, having either an amino acid substitution, D134A, or a C-terminal deletion of 70 amino acid residues, retain the ability to associate laterally but are inactive in aggregation assays. Staurosporine treatment of cells expressing the latter construct increases aggregation but does not increase the extent of lateral dimerization. Thus, lateral dimerization is necessary, but not sufficient for adhesive activity.
The Impact of Supplemental Antioxidants on Visual Function in Nonadvanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Head-to-Head Randomized Clinical Trial (2017)

Antioxidant supplementation in patients with nonadvanced age-related macular degeneration results in significant increases in macular pigment and improvements in CS and other measures of visual function. (Clinical trial, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13894787).
Sonochemical preparation and characterization of nanosized amorphous Co–Ni alloy powders (1998)

Nanosized amorphous alloy powders of Co20Ni80 and Co50Ni50 have been prepared by sonochemical decomposition of solutions of volatile organic precursors, Co(NO)(CO)3 and Ni(CO)4 in decalin, under an argon pressure of 100 to 150 kPa, at 273 K. The amorphous nature of these particles was confirmed by various techniques, such as SEM, TEM, SAED, and XRD. A transmission electron micrograph of the heated Co20Ni80 sample showed near uniform particles with sizes less than 10 nm. Magnetic measurements indicated that the as-prepared amorphous CoNi alloy particles were superparamagnetic. The observed magnetization, measured up to a field of 15 kG, of the annealed Co20Ni80 sample (54 emu g–1) was significantly lower than that for the reported multidomain bulk particles (75 emu g–1), reflecting the ultrafine nature of our sample. Thermogravimetric measurements of Co20Ni80 with a permanent magnet yielded a glass transition temperature of 338 °C for the amorphous form, and a Curie temperature of 565 °C for the crystallized form. The differential scanning calorimetry showed crystallization temperatures of 400 °C for Co20Ni80 and 365 °C for Co50Ni50 amorphous samples.
Estimation of State of Charge of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles Using an Adaptive Luenberger Observer (2010)

In order to safely and efficiently use the power as well as to extend the lifetime of the traction battery pack, accurate estimation of State of Charge (SoC) is very important and necessary. This paper presents an adaptive observer-based technique for estimating SoC of a lithium-ion battery pack used in an electric vehicle (EV). The RC equivalent circuit model in ADVISOR is applied to simulate the lithium-ion battery pack. The parameters of the battery model as a function of SoC, are identified and optimized using the numerically nonlinear least squares algorithm, based on an experimental data set. By means of the optimized model, an adaptive Luenberger observer is built to estimate online the SoC of the lithium-ion battery pack. The observer gain is adaptively adjusted using a stochastic gradient approach so as to reduce the error between the estimated battery output voltage and the filtered battery terminal voltage measurement. Validation results show that the proposed technique can accurately estimate SoC of the lithium-ion battery pack without a heavy computational load.
Extracting 3-D structure and focused images using an optical microscope (2003)

Describes a novel method for recovering three-dimensional shapes and focused images of microscopic objects. A small sequence of object images is obtained by translating the object through the focused plane of the microscope. The sum-modified-Laplacian (SML) operator is developed to compute local measures of the quality of image focus. The SML operator is applied to the image sequence, and the focus measures obtained at each image point are used to compute local depth estimates. Two algorithms for depth estimation are presented. The first algorithm simply looks for the focus level that maximizes the focus measure at each image point. The second algorithm uses a model to interpolate the focus measures to obtain more accurate depth estimates. The algorithms were implemented and tested on a variety of biological specimens. The authors present a brief description of a fully automated shape-from-focus system that is currently being used to inspect both medical and industrial samples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermodynamic Features in Acrylic Fiber Dyeing with Basic Dyes (1984)

The dyeing affinity of some pyridine basic azo dyes for Leacril 16 acrylic fiber was measured from the Langmuir isotherms. Results show a dependance of affinity on dye structure. Comparison with previous results supports the hypothesis of constant group contributions to dyeing standard free energy.