gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis with a macromolecular MR imaging contrast agent. (1992)

The ability of macromolecular contrast agent (polylysine-[gadopentetate dimeglumine]) to allow differentiation of pulmonary fibrosis and alveolitis at magnetic resonance imaging was investigated. Lung damage was induced by means of left bronchial instillation of 200 micrograms of cadmium chloride. Rats were imaged 3 hours (early alveolitic stage, n = 5), 24 hours (late alveolitic stage, n = 5), and 8 days (fibrotic stage, n = 5) later. Rats imaged 3 hours after cadmium chloride instillation demonstrated a gradually increasing contrast enhancement over 45 minutes (from 314% +/- 110 to 476% +/- 69 over baseline [P less than .01]), indicating a leak of paramagnetic macromolecules from the intravascular into the extravascular spaces. Conversely, lung enhancement remained virtually constant after injection of contrast material in contralateral control lungs and in damaged lungs imaged 24 hours and 8 days after cadmium chloride instillation. Furthermore, the enhancement in the fibrotic lung was lower (170% +/- 50) than that in the alveolitic and control lungs (320% +/- 65 and 298% +/- 61, respectively), indicating a decrease in plasma volume in the fibrotic lung. A macromolecular contrast agent can facilitate the differentiation between the exudative and fibrotic phases of interstitial lung disease.
Generating Grasp Poses for a High-DOF Gripper Using Neural Networks (2019)

We present a learning-based method for representing grasp poses of a high-DOF hand using neural networks. Due to redundancy in such high-DOF grippers, there exists a large number of equally effective grasp poses for a given target object, making it difficult for the neural network to find consistent grasp poses. We resolve this ambiguity by generating an augmented dataset that covers many possible grasps for each target object and train our neural networks using a consistency loss function to identify a one-to-one mapping from objects to grasp poses. We further enhance the quality of neural-network-predicted grasp poses using a collision loss function to avoid penetrations. We use an object dataset that combines the BigBIRD Database, the KIT Database, the YCB Database, and the Grasp Dataset to show that our method can generate high-DOF grasp poses with higher accuracy than supervised learning baselines. The quality of the grasp poses is on par with the groundtruth poses in the dataset. In addition, our method is robust and can handle noisy object models such as those constructed from multi-view depth images, allowing our method to be implemented on a 25-DOF Shadow Hand hardware platform.
On immunoglobulin heavy chain gene switching: two γ2b genes are rearranged via switch sequences in MPC-11 cells but only one is expressed (1982)

During B lymphocytes differentiation, switches in the expression of heavy chain immunoglobulin constant region (CH) genes occur by a novel DNA recombination mechanism. We have investigated the requirements of the CH gene switch by characterizing two rearranged gamma 2b genes from a gamma 2b producing mouse myeloma (MPC-11). One of the two gamma 2b genes is present in 2-3 copies per cell (gamma 2b strong hybridizer) while the other is present in approximately 1 copy per cell (gamma 2b weak hybridizer). Genomic clones of the gamma 2b strongly hybridizing gene indicate that this is an abortive switch event between the S gamma 3 and S gamma 2b regions. However, clones of the gamma 2b weakly hybridizing gene suggest a functional rearrangement due to the presence of VH, JH and S mu sequences. The switch-recombination sites of these rearranged gamma 2b genes and those of other CH genes show a high degree of preference for the sequence AGGTTG 5' of either the S mu donor site or the appropriate CH S acceptor site. AGGTTG and its analogs are rare in the S mu region, are somewhat prevalent in s alpha and in the case of S mu are found 5' of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence (GAGCT, GGGGT) comprising most of S mu.
Molecular-Level Deformations in Auxetic Organic Networked Polymers (2010)

Auxetic materials exhibit the unusual property of getting fatter when stretched and thinner when compressed, i.e. exhibit a negative Poisson’s ratio. Here we simulate and analyze three types of 2D networked polymers two of which are polyphenylacetylene polymers and the third is constructed from calix[4]arene building blocks. We simulate the molecular level deformations that take place when these systems are stretched in various directions in an attempt to obtain an insight into the molecular level deformations which result in auxeticity. The results of these simulations are then used to explain why these polymers are auxetic for loading in certain directions but not in others.
Efficient design of 15:4 counter using a novel 5:3 counter for high‐speed multiplication (2020)

Abstract This paper proposes an efficient approach to design high‐speed, accurate multipliers. The proposed multiplier design uses the proposed efficient 15:4 counter for the partial product reduction stage. This proposed 15:4 counter is designed using a novel 5:3 counter. The proposed 5:3 counter uses input re‐ordering circuitry at the input side. As a result, the number of output combinations can be reduced to 18 from 32. As a result, the circuit complexity reduces. The proposed 5:3 counter and 15:4 counter are on an average 28% and 19% improvement in the power delay product compared with the existing designs. The 16‐bit multiplier designed using 5:3 and 15:4 counters is an average 22.5% improvement in power delay product compared with the existing designs.
Estimating gas-source location in outdoor environment using mobile robot equipped with gas sensors and anemometer (2009)

This paper investigates the applicability of a gas-source localization method in outdoor environment. In the proposed method, a mobile robot is used to scan the area under consideration and to collect data on gas concentration and airflow velocity at various locations. The location of the gas source is estimated by applying a turbulent diffusion model of a gas plume to the data obtained by partial observation of the gas distribution in the given area. Discussion is made on the adjustment of the turbulent diffusion coefficient in the plume model to achieve successful estimation under various airflow conditions.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vitronectin promote vascular thrombosis in mice (2000)

Occlusive thrombosis depends on the net balance between platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolytic factors. Epidemiologic information suggests that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a central regulator of the fibrinolytic system, plays an important role in determining the overall risk for clinically significant vascular thrombosis. Vitronectin (VN), an abundant plasma and matrix glycoprotein, binds PAI-1 and stabilizes its active conformation. This study assessed the role of PAI-1 and VN expression in the formation of occlusive vascular thrombosis following arterial or venous injury. The common carotid arteries of 17 wild-type (WT) mice and 8 mice deficient in PAI-1 were injured photochemically while blood flow was continuously monitored. WT mice developed occlusive thrombi at 52.0 +/- 3.8 minutes (mean +/- SEM) following injury; mice deficient in PAI-1 developed occlusive thrombosis at 127 +/- 15 minutes (P <.0001). Mice deficient in VN (n = 12) developed vascular occlusion 77 +/- 11 minutes after injury, intermediate between the values observed for WT mice (P <.03) and mice deficient in PAI-1 (P <.01). PAI-1 and VN also affected the time to occlusion after injury to the jugular vein. Three WT mice developed occlusive venous thrombosis an average of 39.7 +/- 1 minutes following the onset of injury, whereas the jugular veins of 4 mice deficient in PAI-1 and 4 deficient in VN occluded 56.7 +/- 5 and 58.7 +/- 2 minutes, respectively, following injury (P <.04 and P <.01 compared to WT mice). These results suggest that endogenous fibrinolysis and its regulation by PAI-1 and VN have important roles in the development of occlusive vascular thrombosis after vascular injury. (Blood. 2000;95:577-580)
A self-contained adaptive antenna tuner for mobile phones: Featuring a self-learning calibration procedure (2012)

Mobile phones are continually being required to operate in more frequency bands whilst accommodating an increasing number of communication protocols. However, the space within the phone allocated to the antenna(s) is not increasing: on the contrary, it is tending to decrease due to the demand for thinner devices with screens that occupy a larger proportion of the phone's surface. Further, the introduction of Long Term Evolution (LTE) makes it mandatory to accommodate two antennas for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) operation. Since it is well-known that antenna size and bandwidth are inversely related to each other, it is becoming increasingly difficult to design structures that perform well over the bands required.
Immobilization of Pectinases by Sequential Layering on Chitosan Beads (2018)

Chitosan beads were prepared as a support material for immobilization of pectinases using a sequential layering approach. Glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as an activating agent for covalent binding. Different concentrations of cross-linking agent were examined and the highest specific activity of 7.8 U/mg was observed at 3% GA concentration, which was used in the multilayered immobilization studies. Three layers of pectinases were covalently immobilized on the support. As the layer number increased the total bound protein content and the activity of the chitosan beads increased; however, their specific activity significantly decreased from 9.1 U/mg in the first layer to 2.9 U/mg in the 3-layered structure. The results suggested that increasing the density of pectinases on chitosan support might have decreased the catalytic ability of enzymes due to either restriction to the protein backbone or due to substrate accessibility limitations. Therefore, optimal protein loading should be pursued for utilization of immobilized pectinases with highest specific activity. Keywords : Enzyme Immobilization, Pectinase, Chitosan Support, Glutaraldehyde
Characterization of Mo/C Catalysts by XRD, XPS, and TOF-SIMS (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of Mo/C Catalysts by XRD, XPS, and TOF-SIMSSonia Rondon, William R. Wilkinson, Andrew Proctor, Marwan Houalla, and David M. HerculesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 45, 16709–16713Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100045a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100045a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views632Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The stability of feature selection and class prediction from ensemble tree classifiers (2012)

The bootstrap aggregating procedure at the core of ensemble tree classifiers reduces, in most cases, the variance of such models while offering good generalization capabilities. The average predictive performance of those ensembles is known to improve up to a certain point while increasing the ensemble size. The present work studies this convergence in contrast to the stability of the class prediction and the variable selection performed while and after growing the ensemble. Experiments on several biomedical datasets, using random forests or bagging of decision trees,show that class prediction and, most notably, variable selection typically require orders of magnitude more trees to get stable.
Circuit-Level Design Approaches for Radiation-Hard Digital Electronics (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel circuit design approach for radiation hardened digital electronics. Our approach is based on the use of shadow gates, whose task it is to protect the primary gate in case it is struck by a heavy cosmic ion. We locally duplicate the gate to be protected, and connect a pair of diode-connected transistors (or diodes) between the outputs of the original and shadow gates. These transistors turn on when the voltages of the two gates deviate during a radiation strike. Our experiments show that at the level of a single gate, our circuit structure has a delay overhead about 1.76% on average, and an area overhead of 277%. At the circuit level, however, we do not need to protect all gates. We present a methodology to selectively protect specific gates of the circuit in a manner that guarantees radiation tolerance for the entire circuit. With this methodology, we demonstrate that at the circuit level, the average delay overhead is about 3% and the average placed-and-routed area overhead is 28%, compared to an unprotected circuit (for delay mapped designs). We also propose an improved circuit protection algorithm to reduce the area overhead associated with our approach. With this approach for circuit protection, the area and delay overheads are further lowered.
Novel Architecture for supporting medical decision making of different data types based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map Framework (2007)

Medical problems involve different types of variables and data, which have to be processed, analyzed and synthesized in order to reach a decision and/or conclude to a diagnosis. Usually, information and data set are both symbolic and numeric but most of the well-known data analysis methods deal with only one kind of data. Even when fuzzy approaches are considered, which are not depended on the scales of variables, usually only numeric data is considered. The medical decision support methods usually are accessed in only one type of available data. Thus, sophisticated methods have been proposed such as integrated hybrid learning approaches to process symbolic and numeric data for the decision support tasks. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) is an efficient modelling method, which is based on human knowledge and experience and it can handle with uncertainty and it is constructed by extracted knowledge in the form of fuzzy rules. The FCM model can be enhanced if a fuzzy rule base (IF-THEN rules) is available. This rule base could be derived by a number of machine learning and knowledge extraction methods. Here it is introduced a hybrid attempt to handle situations with different types of available medical and/or clinical data and with difficulty to handle them for decision support tasks using soft computing techniques.
Inductors from wafer-level package process for high performance RF applications (2009)

In this paper, inductors embedded in a mold material are characterized. Due to the low-loss property of the mold material, plated Cu inductors show high quality-factor (Q) performance. This performance is also better than those of similar inductors implemented from our IPD process. The mold material is not only used as a supporting substrate, but also served as package substrate, which allows the high-Q inductors to be implemented with other RF chips (CMOS PA for example) in one single package. Design methodology for such packaging environment is discussed.
Leukotriene receptors as potential therapeutic targets (2018)

Leukotrienes, a class of arachidonic acid-derived bioactive molecules, are known as mediators of allergic and inflammatory reactions and considered to be important drug targets. Although an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and antagonists of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor are clinically used for bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, these medications were developed before the molecular identification of leukotriene receptors. Numerous studies using cloned leukotriene receptors and genetically engineered mice have unveiled new pathophysiological roles for leukotrienes. This Review covers the recent findings on leukotriene receptors to revisit them as new drug targets.
Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots Incorporated into a Thin Film Nanocomposite Membrane with High Flux and Antifouling Properties for Low-Pressure Nanofiltration (2017)

Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), novel carbon-based nanomaterials, have attracted tremendous research interest due to their unique properties associated with both graphene and quantum dots. In the present study, thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes comprising GOQDs dispersed within a tannic acid (TA) film were fabricated by an interfacial polymerization reaction for low-pressure nanofiltration (NF). The resultant TA/GOQDs TFN membranes had measurably smoother and more hydrophilic, negatively charged surfaces compared to the similarly formed TA thin film composite (TFC) membrane. Owing to the loose active layer structure and the combination of Donnan exclusion and steric hindrance, the TA/GOQDs TFN membrane showed a pure water flux up to 23.33 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h (0.2 MPa), which was 1.5 times more than that of pristine TA TFC membrane, while high dye rejection to Congo red (99.8%) and methylene blue (97.6%) was kept. In addition, the TA/GOQDs TFN membrane presented better antifouling properties, which was ascribed to the favorable changes in membrane hydrophilicity, ζ-potential, and surface roughness. These results indicated the great potential of such membranes in wastewater treatment, separation, and purification in many industrial fields.
Establishing trust in pure ad-hoc networks (2004)

An ad-hoc network of wireless nodes is a temporarily formed network, created, operated and managed by the nodes themselves. It is also often termed an infrastructure-less, self-organized, or spontaneous network. Nodes assist each other by passing data and control packets from one node to another, often beyond the wireless range of the original sender. The execution and survival of an ad-hoc network is solely dependent upon the cooperative and trusting nature of its nodes. However, this naive dependency on intermediate nodes makes the ad-hoc network vulnerable to passive and active attacks by malicious nodes. A number of protocols have been developed to secure ad-hoc networks using cryptographic schemes, but all rely on the presence of an omnipresent, and often omniscient, trust authority. As this paper describes, dependence on a central trust authority is an impractical requirement for ad-hoc networks. We present a model for trust-based communication in ad-hoc networks that also demonstrates that a central trust authority is a superfluous requirement. The model introduces the notion of belief and provides a dynamic measure of reliability and trustworthiness in an ad hoc network. 1
A Review of Techniques to Combat The Peril of Fake News (2018)

Now is “The Information Age” i.e. the data age. It is in this period of human history that many aspects have undergone a paradigm shift including means of consumption of news. Recently witnessed is an inevitable dependency on Social Media for gaining information or news on a daily basis. This dependency further accounts vulnerability as there are manipulators who are intentionally willing to exploit this scenario to spread Fake News. Also, adding fuel to the fire is that the advent of Big Data disposal in form of articles, headlines, videos, tweets, posts and hashtags, has increased this vulnerability manifolds. Due to diversified sources of information and the increase in use of social media to consume news, the legitimacy of the data has become a serious concern today. It is a matter of critical apprehension that what is being asserted as fact or being accepted as authentic information should be tested on anvil of veracity. This problem has potential to cause political as well as social harm. This paper focuses on comprehensive study of all such approaches and analyzing the approaches adapted to combat the issue of Fake News for laying a better foreground of the issue and finding out further research scope in this area. A comparative analysis of publicly available datasets for research in this area is also presented.
Quantitation of the Adherence of an Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> to Isolated Rabbit Intestinal Brush Borders (1979)

Two assays were developed to quantitate the adherence of an Escherichia coli strain (RDEC-1) known to colonize the mucosal surface of the small intestine of rabbits to brush borders isolated from rabbit intestinal epithelial cells. In the first assay, the mean adherence per rabbit brush border was determined by counting the number of organisms adhering to each of 40 brush borders under phase microscopy. The mean adherence of RDEC-1 (11.5 ± 0.7 per rabbit brush border) was significantly greater than adherence of two nonpathogenic strains: HS (2.7 ± 0.4 per rabbit brush border) and 640 (0.8 ± 0.1 per rabbit brush border). A similar distinction between the adherence of RDEC-1 and the control (nonadherent) organisms could be made more rapidly by determining the percentage of the total number of brush borders which had 10 or more adherent organisms; this second assay was used to define the optimum conditions for adherence. Maximum adherence was seen within 15 min. Adherence was temperature dependent, with adherence after 1 min at 37°C being fourfold greater than that at 4°C. The pH optimum for adherence was between 6.5 and 7.0, and adherence was abolished below pH 5.0. With the first, more sensitive assay, the effect of electrolytes and a number of hexoses and hexosamines on adherence was analyzed. RDEC-1 adherence was inhibited at high ionic strengths; however, adherence was not influenced at moderately high concentrations (20 mg/ml) by either d -mannose or l -fucose, in contrast to the case for other reported enteric pathogens. These two quantitative in vitro assays for adherence produce consistent results and have been used to partially characterize the adherence of RDEC-1 to rabbit brush borders.