gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency High Power Density DC/DC Converter with Wide Input Range (2006)

A high efficiency parallel post regulator (PPR) for wide range input DC/DC converter is presented in this paper. It achieves ZVS in the primary side switches in full range load due to 0.5 duty cycle operation; it also reduces voltage stresses across main rectifiers and it has smaller conduction losses compared with the conventional secondary side post regulators; furthermore the requirement of input and output filters are significantly reduced due to the filtered waveforms PPR produced. A 250sim;400Vdc 12V/40A prototype has been built and detailed experimental results are given to verify the theoretic analysis
JTP: An Energy-conscious Transport Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Abstract : Within a recently developed low-power ad hoc network system, we present a transport protocol (JTP) whose goal is to reduce power consumption without trading off delivery requirements of applications. JTP has the following features: it is lightweight whereby end-nodes control in-network actions by encoding delivery requirements in packet headers; JTP enables applications to specify a range of reliability requirements, thus allocating the right energy budget to packets; JTP minimizes feedback control traffic from the destination by varying its frequency based on delivery requirements and stability of the network; JTP minimizes energy consumption by implementing in-network caching and increasing the chances that data retransmission requests from destinations hit these caches, thus avoiding costly source retransmissions; and JTP fairly allocates bandwidth among flows by backing off the sending rate of a source to account for in-network retransmissions on its behalf. Analysis and extensive simulations demonstrate the energy gains of JTP over one-size-fits-all transport protocols.
Overcoming efficiency challenges in organic solar cells: rational development of conjugated polymers (2012)

In this perspective article, we discuss the development of organic photovoltaic (OPVs) solar cells. Our focus will be on discussing the development of new donor polymers and device technologies, which resulted in enormous progress in OPV performances with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 8–9%. However, for the wide spread usage of OPVs, high module efficiencies (>10%) and lifetimes suitable for commercial applications are required. To achieve such goals, interdisciplinary advances in the development of new light-harvesting materials, the improvement of device structures, and the development of cost effective device processing methods are crucial. In particular, new donor polymers overcoming the drawbacks of current polymer solar cells can play an important role to further improve the PCEs and device stability. This perspective article addresses the polymer design criteria that have been distilled out from the research of the past 20 years: energy level matching, nano-morphology of polymer/acceptor blend films, local dipole moments of the polymer chains, and stability. Also, we introduce representative donor polymers and describe the research progress in the polymers development to move beyond certain milestones. We emphasize the importance of the synergetic research efforts in developing new materials, such as the design of new polymers with improved physical properties, the development of device technologies and a fundamental understanding of OPV mechanisms, which will help to continuously enhance the performance of OPVs.
Two-dimensional index distribution determination from near-field measurements in single-mode fibres (1986)

The refractive-index distribution of single-mode optical fibres can be obtained from transmitted near-field intensity measurements. The generalisation of the method from conventional fibres to noncircularly symmetric guides (e.g. polarisation-maintaining fibres) is discussed. Results obtained both on circular and on polarisation-maintaining fibres are presented.
Analysis of Surface Cooling Techniques During Dermatological Application of Lasers (1997)

A comparative study of human skin thermal response to (1) contact cooling with a sapphire window and (2) spray cooling with various cryogens is presented.
AppInsight: mobile app performance monitoring in the wild (2012)

The mobile-app marketplace is highly competitive. To maintain and improve the quality of their apps, developers need data about how their app is performing in the wild. The asynchronous, multithreaded nature of mobile apps makes tracing difficult. The difficulties are compounded by the resource limitations inherent in the mobile platform. To address this challenge, we develop AppInsight, a system that instruments mobile-app binaries to automatically identify the critical path in user transactions, across asynchronous-call boundaries. AppInsight is lightweight, it does not require any input from the developer, and it does not require any changes to the OS. We used AppInsight to instrument 30 marketplace apps, and carried out a field trial with 30 users for over 4 months. We report on the characteristics of the critical paths that AppInsight found in this data. We also give real-world examples of how AppInsight helped developers improve the quality of their app.
Generalized RAKE reception for cancelling interference from multiple base stations (2002)

A generalized RAKE (G-RAKE) receiver structure is developed to suppress both own-cell and other-cell interference in the downlink of a CDMA system. Interference suppression is achieved by accounting for the interference coloration introduced by the dispersive channel. Compared to the conventional RARE receiver, this G-RAKE receiver may have more fingers and has different finger delays and combining weights. The performance in soft handoff is addressed, and the coding used in the IS-95 and IS-2000 systems is used to study the frame-error-rate (FER) performance. It is shown that with coding, the performance is more limited by other-cell interference than own-cell interference. By using the proposed G-RAKE receiver to suppress own-cell and other-cell interference, a gain of 1-2 dB can be achieved.
Post-CMOS Processing and 3-D Integration Based on Dry-Film Lithography (2013)

This paper presents a chip-level post-complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing technique for 3-D integration and through-silicon-via (TSV) fabrication. The proposed technique is based on dry-film lithography, which is a low-cost and simple alternative to spin-coated resist. Unlike conventional photolithography methods, the technique allows resist patterning on very high topography, and therefore chip-level photolithography can be done without using any wafer reconstitution approach. Moreover, this paper proposes a via sidewall passivation method which eliminates dielectric etching at the bottom of the via and simplifies the whole integration process. In this paper, two 50- μm-thick chips were post-processed, aligned, bonded, and connected by Cu TSVs, which have parylene sidewall passivation. Daisy-chain resistance measurements show 0.5- Ω resistance on average for 60- μm-diameter TSVs, with a yield of more than 99% for 1280 TSVs from five different chip stacks. Subsequently, the techniques were applied to CMOS microprocessor stacking as a test vehicle. Die-level post-CMOS processing for 40- μm-diameter via etching, redistribution layer patterning, and chip-to-chip bonding were successfully demonstrated with the real chips.
Speaker-independent phonetic classification in continuous English letters (2002)

A phonetic front-end for speaker-independent recognition of continuous letter strings is described. A feedforward neutral network is trained to classify 3 msec speech frames as one of the 30 phonemes in the English alphabet. Phonetic context is used in two ways: first, by providing spectral and waveform information before and after the frame to be classified, and second, by a second-pass network that uses both acoustic features and the phonetic outputs of the first-pass network. This use of context reduced the error rate by 50%. The effectiveness of the DFT and the more compact PLP (perceptual linear predictive) analysis is compared, and several other features, such as zero crossing rate, are investigated. A frame-based phonetic classification performance of 75.7% was achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analgesics. 1. Synthesis and analgesic properties of N-sec-alkyl and N-tert-alkylnormorphines (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalgesics. 1. Synthesis and analgesic properties of N-sec-alkyl and N-tert-alkylnormorphinesJ. I. DeGraw, J. A. Lawson, J. L. Crase, H. L. Johnson, M. Ellis, E. T. Uyeno, G. H. Loew, and D. S. BerkowitzCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1978, 21, 5, 415–422Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00203a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Toward Industrial-Scale Fabrication of Nanowire-Based Devices (2007)

Although optical lithography is suited for producing intricate architectures, its combination with “bottom-up” approaches becomes a very challenging issue. The challenge is to electrically address the coordinates of millions of nanoparticles (e.g., nanowires) on a given surface. Here, we describe a method that controls the registries of horizontally grown nanowires (NWs) and advances the current state-of-the-art NW device assembly technology. In this architecture, NWs are grown where the nanodevices will later be fabricated on. There is no need to transfer NWs to a different surface or align them. With the use of only three photolithographic steps, this technique allows industrial-scale production of nanodevices. First, an α-plane sapphire surface is patterned with gold nanodroplets. Next, small-diameter zinc oxide NWs are grown selectively on the predefined gold sites. Growth direction of the NW is controlled using the anisotropic crystal match between zinc oxide and the underlying substrate. Subsequently, metal electrodes are deposited on NWs at once and in a parallel fashion. To demonstrate the capabilities of this method, large numbers of top-gated zinc oxide NW field-effect transistors are prepared using optical lithography. This fabrication method opens the path to a new generation of nonconventional nanodevices and nanosensors and could impact nanotechnology industries.
Development of Islet Organoids from H9 Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Biomimetic 3D Scaffolds (2016)

Success in the differentiating human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into insulin-secreting β cells raises new hopes for diabetes treatment. In this work, we demonstrated the feasibility of developing islet organoids from hESCs within biomimetic 3D scaffolds. We showed that such a 3D microenvironment is critical to the generation of pancreatic endoderm and endocrine from hESCs. The organoids formed consisted of pancreatic α, β, δ, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells. A high-level co-expression of PDX1, NKX6.1, and NGN3 in these cells suggests the characteristics of pancreatic β cells. More importantly, most insulin-secreting cells generated did not express glucagon, somatostatin, or PP. The expression of mature β cell marker genes such as Pdx1, Ngn3, Insulin, MafA, and Glut2 was detected in these 3D-induced cell clusters. A high-level expression of C-peptide confirmed the de novo endogenous insulin production in these 3D induced cells. Insulin-secretory granules, an indication of β cell maturity, were detected in these cells as well. Glucose challenging experiments suggested that these cells are sensitive to glucose levels due to their elevated maturity. Exposing the cells to a high concentration of glucose induced a sharp increase in insulin secretion.
DESIGN, VALIDATION, AND IN-FLIGHT EVALUATION OF AN AUDITORY ATTITUDE INDICATOR BASED ON PILOT-SELECTED MUSIC (2008)

Although all cockpits are currently equipped with visual dis-plays that provide accurate information about the attitude of the aircraft, spatial disorientation continues to be one of the leading causes of aviation accidents. In this paper, we describe the design of an audio display that modifies the acoustic properties of an arb-trary audio input signal (i.e., pilot-selected music) to provide the pilot with supplementary information about the current attitude of the aircraft. Details are provided about how and why the cues were selected, and how they were implemented in a real-time audio sys-tem in the aircraft. Results are also provided from laboratory and flight tests that were used to evaluate the performance of the sys-tem. 1.
Noninvasive Monitoring of Treatment Related Changes in Psoriatic Plaques Using Fluorescence Excitation and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (1998)

Psoriasis is a proliferative and inflammatory skin disorder characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and changes in the cutaneous microvasculature. Common treatment modalities include corticosteroid and UVB therapy. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and fluorescence excitation spectroscopy (FES) are noninvasive methods to follow changes in the microvasculature and skin fluorophores of psoriasis lesions with treatment.
Rapid synthesis of palm‐based monoacylglycerols (2005)

Abstract Rapid synthesis of high‐purity MAG from refined, bleached, and deodorized palm stearin (RBDPS) via chemical glycerolysis in the presence of pyridine was developed to obviate the conventional molecular distillation in the production of pure MAG. The optimal reaction for the sodium methoxide‐catalyzed glycerolyis of RBDPS was recorded at 110°C using a 3 wt% catalyst concentration based on the weight of RBDPS, with an RBDPS/glycerol ratio of 1∶2 and an RBDPS/pyridine ratio of 1∶4. High yields of over 99% were achieved rapidly in 15 min, and increases in DAG and FFA were observed after a prolonged reaction time.
Attenuating Effects of Lactobacillus Acidophilus YT1 on Menopausal Symptoms in Ovariectomized Rats (P20-014-19) (2019)

Menopause is a natural process, where ovaries produce less reproductive hormones, which degrades the quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy was used primarily to reduce menopausal symptoms but new therapies are needed because they have a risk in long-term use. Probiotics are well known for their beneficial effects on bowel health, obesity, and immunity, and they have been reported to have useful effects on menopause in recent years. This study examined the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus YT1 on menopausal symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Twelve weeks-old female SD rats were divided into five groups: (1) sham + DW, (2) OVX + DW, (3) OVX + estradiol, (4) OVX + L. acidophilus YT1, and (5) OVX + Lactobacillus reuteri that were treated once daily for 12 weeks after OVX. Pain sensitivity, depression-related behavior, and fat mass were significantly increased at 12 weeks after OVX and the bone mineral density was decreased. These menopause symptoms were significantly recovered by a daily oral treatment of L. acidophilus YT1 for 12 weeks. In addition, L. acidophilus YT1 enhanced intestinal barrier function by up-regulation tight junction expression in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The treatment of L. acidophilus YT1 could alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as increased pain sensitivity, depression, body fat, and bone loss in menopausal women, which suggests it could be developed as a functional food and probiotics for elderly women health. This research was supported by the main research Program (E0164502-03) of the Korea Food Research Institute funded by the Minstry of Science and ICT.
<title>Color calibration of liquid crystal displays</title> (1999)

For more than a decade the Image Applications department at IBMs Watson Research Center has been involved in cultural and commercial imaging projects that demand high-fidelity color reproduction of precious objects like paintings, illuminated manuscripts or jewelry. Our primary display media have been high-resolution cathode ray tubes (CRT), but for the last three years our customers have been replacing them with liquid crystal displays (LCD). The color calibration model we have been using for the CRT is the one described in the literature. It assumes that the chromas of the primaries are independent of intensity, that the colors produced from them are additive and that the intensity of black is almost zero. We measured several models of LCDs and observed that they poorly satisfied these assumptions at medium to low intensities. This becomes noticeable if the image has dark areas or if the display is viewed under a weak ambient light. In this paper, we use a modified version of the CRT model to calibrate the LCD. First we measure four sets of red, green, blue and gray patches. THen we determine the correction factor needed to make, at each level,the sum of the primaries equal to the corresponding gray. Finally, we use these factors to modify the data of red, green and blue.
A Battery-Free Temperature Sensor With Liquid Crystal Elastomer Switching Between RFID Chips (2020)

In this research, we have developed a novel temperature sensor to be utilized in the Cold-Supply-Chain (CSC) for perishable items. This sensor conveys temperature threshold crossings by switching operation between two individual RFID ICs, i.e., two individual Electronic Product Codes (EPCs). The advantage of this sensor compared to other existing technologies is that it can operate passively (i.e., battery-free) through multiple room-to-cold and cold-to-room temperature cycles, in real-time, without requiring any form of resetting. This design utilizes innovative cold-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which change shape when stimulated by cold temperatures and returns to a relaxed state when the stimulus is removed. In fact, this is the first temperature sensor that conveys temperature threshold crossings by switching between two RFID ICs using LCEs. The correct operation of the sensor is validated by RFID measurements. ANSYS HFSS and ANSYS Circuit Designer were used for the simulation analysis. The performance of the proposed design was validated using simulations and measurements.
An Experimental Study of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers With Continuous Helical Baffles (2007)

Two shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHXs) using continuous helical baffles instead of segmental baffles used in conventional STHXs were proposed, designed, and tested in this study. The two proposed STHXs have the same tube bundle but different shell configurations. The flow pattern in the shell side of the heat exchanger with continuous helical baffles was forced to be rotational and helical due to the geometry of the continuous helical baffles, which results in a significant increase in heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure drop in the heat exchanger. Properly designed continuous helical baffles can reduce fouling in the shell side and prevent the flow-induced vibration as well. The performance of the proposed STHXs was studied experimentally in this work. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in the new STHXs were compared with those in the STHX with segmental baffles. The results indicate that the use of continuous helical baffles results in nearly 10% increase in heat transfer coefficient compared with that of conventional segmental baffles for the same shell-side pressure drop. Based on the experimental data, the nondimensional correlations for heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were developed for the proposed continuous helical baffle heat exchangers with different shell configurations, which might be useful for industrial applications and further study of continuous helical baffle heat exchangers. This paper also presents a simple and feasible method to fabricate continuous helical baffles used for STHXs.
Linear iterative turbo-equalization (LITE) for dual channels (2003)

We examine a point-to-point communications scenario in which two or more separate, but known, channels are available for data transmission. While sending the same data across multiple channels provides channel diversity, we introduce additional temporal diversity by permuting the order of the data prior to transmission over one or more of the channels. As a receiver, we introduce a low complexity iterative equalization algorithm, inspired by iterative decoders for turbo-codes, which we call linear iterative turbo-equalization (LITE). The LITE algorithm contains one minimum mean square error linear equalizer for each channel and passes soft-information between the different equalizers in the form of a prior over the transmitted data. The linear equalizers differ from conventional equalizers by incorporating this prior in the minimization. Through simulations, we compare the empirical performance of the LITE algorithm to that of conventional linear and decision feedback equalizers, as well as maximum likelihood decoding for the set of channels. Our simulations demonstrate that the LITE algorithm can achieve equalization performance comparable to maximum likelihood decoding with computational complexity comparable to that of linear equalization.
FIB fabrication of ZnO nanotetrapod and cross-sensor (2010)

This article presents the fabrication of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanotetrapod and cross-nanorods-based sensors. This low-dimensional device is made in a focused ion beam set-up by using nanodeposition for metal electrodes. The gas response of the sensor based on an individual zinc oxide nanotetrapod and on crossed ZnO nanorod for detection of ultraviolet (UV) light and hydrogen at room temperature is presented. It is shown that ZnO tetrapod has potential application as UV and as chemical sensor with multi-terminal construction. The chemisorbed gas molecules on the ZnO surface can extract or donate electrons to ZnO and this effect was used to monitor the electrical resistance values change of the tetrapod sensor. ZnO tetrapod sensor demonstrates sensitivity and selectivity in resistance upon exposure to UV light, H2, O2, NH3, CO, CO2, and LPG gas. The resistivity change is different for UV and for H2 gas sensing. The presented ZnO sensor proves to be promising for application in various processes.