gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engine Control Using Estimated Parameters From a Real Time Model of an Engine With Variable Valve Actuation (2005)

A real time model of an engine was developed and integrated with engine control software to provide better engine control with less calibration effort. The model uses one-dimensional compressible gas wave equations for the intake and exhaust system along with a thermodynamic model of the cylinder to provide real time estimation of the cylinder air charge, exhaust gas residual mass fraction, cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, and various other states along the intake and exhaust system. Information from the model is used to control the fuel injection, spark advance, valve timing, and throttle position on the actual engine. The system does not use any volumetric efficiency tables. Since the real time model responds like the actual engine there is no need for transient fuel or transient spark advance correction factors. The estimated cylinder pressure is used to calculate the instantaneous indicated engine torque and engine efficiency. Using the model it is possible to optimize efficiency, control the torque output, and regulate the exhaust gas residual mass fraction. The system offers many control advantages and is easy to calibrate.
Combinatorial Approach to Organelle-Targeted Fluorescent Library Based on the Styryl Scaffold (2003)

The first fluorescent styryl dye library with a broad color range was synthesized by combinatorial condensation of various aldehydes and methyl pyridinium compounds, and their applications as organelle specific staining probes were demonstrated.
Multi-kilometer Long, Longitudinally Uniform Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers for Broadband Low Latency Data Transmission (2015)

The low intrinsic nonlinearity and low signal latency characteristic of Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers (HC-PBGFs) have fueled strong interest for data transmission applications. Whereas most research to date has looked at improving the optical performance of HC-PBGFs (e.g., reducing the loss, increasing the transmission bandwidth and achieving well-tempered modal properties through the suppression of surface mode resonances). In this study, we address the challenging problem of scaling up the fabrication of these fibers to multi-kilometer lengths-an indispensable step to prove this fiber technology as viable. We report the fabrication of low loss, wide bandwidth HC-PBGFs operating both in the conventional telecoms window (1.55 μm) and in the predicted region of minimum loss (2 μm), in lengths that substantially exceed the state of the art. At 2 μm, we obtained a 3.85 km long fiber with ≈3 dB/km loss and >160 nm wide 3 dB bandwidth. Additionally, we report an HC-PBGF operating at 1.55 μm with a length of just over 11 km, transmission bandwidth in excess of 200 nm and a longitudinally uniform loss of ≈5 dB/km, measured via cutback and an integrated scattering method. We used the latter fiber to demonstrate error-free, low-latency, direct-detection 10 Gb/s transmission across the entire C-Band as well as 20 Gb/s quadrature phase shift keyed transmission. These represent the first demonstrations of data transmission over a length of HC-PBGF exceeding 10 km.
Slack Selection for Unintentional Islanding: Practical Validation in a Benchmark Microgrid (2018)

Upon an intentional or emergency disconnection from the main grid, a microgrid is expected to continue working in islanded mode. Thus, (at least) one resource needs to act as slack and compensate for power variations to keep the power balance, and ensure the security of supply. Although several resources might be eligible to become slack, some are more suitable than others (energy storage systems in particular) depending on the state of both the resources and the grid before the islanding transition. In this paper, we validate a recently proposed method to select in real-time the best slack-candidate using an abstract representation of the internal state of the available resources. The same method can be used to actively switch the slack during islanded operation to accommodate the intrinsic stochastic nature of the microgrid's resources. Our main contribution is the validation of the method in a real-scale microgrid, including a discussion of implementation and deployment aspects. To support our findings, we present extensive experimental results in different operating conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoconvergent Strategy for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure (R)‐(‐)‐ and (S)‐(+)‐2‐(6‐Methoxy‐2‐naphthyl)‐propanoic Acid (Naproxen). (1989)

Abstract The use of the diacids (Ia) and (Ib) (syntheses are described) offers a new route to the title compounds (III), since a process is found which makes possible the preparation of enantiomerically pure or enriched (III) starting from diastereomeric mixtures.
Chondroitinase ABC I from <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>: cloning, recombinant expression and active site identification (2005)

GalAGs (galactosaminoglycans) are one subset of the GAG (glycosaminoglycan) family of chemically heterogeneous polysaccharides that are involved in a wide range of biological processes. These complex biomacromolecules are believed to be responsible for the inhibition of nerve regeneration following injury to the central nervous system. The enzymic degradation of GAG chains in damaged nervous tissue by cABC I (chondroitinase ABC I), a broad-specificity lyase that degrades GalAGs, promotes neural recovery. In the present paper, we report the subcloning of cABC I from Proteus vulgaris, and discuss a simple methodology for the recombinant expression and purification of this enzyme. The originally expressed cABC I clone resulted in an enzyme with negligible activity against a variety of GalAG substrates. Sequencing of the cABC I clone revealed four point mutations at issue with the electron-density data of the cABC I crystal structure. Site-directed mutagenesis produced a clone with restored GalAG-degrading function. We have characterized this enzyme biochemically, including an analysis of its substrate specificity. By coupling structural inspections of cABC I and an evaluation of sequence homology against other GAG-degrading lyases, a set of amino acids was chosen for further study. Mutagenesis studies of these residues resulted in the first experimental evidence of cABC I's active site. This work will facilitate the structure-function characterization of biomedically relevant GalAGs and further the development of therapeutics for nerve regeneration.
Peptides derived from atrial natriuretic polypeptide precursor in human and monkey brains (1988)

Using radio-immunoassays for the C-terminal sequence of alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide [atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-(99-126)], alpha-ANP (17-28) [ANF-(115-126)], which corresponds to gamma-human ANP [115-126; gamma-hANP-(115-126)] and for the N-terminal sequence of gamma-hANP [human ANF-(1-126)], gamma-hANP-(1-25) [human ANF-(1-25)], we detected the parallel distribution of alpha-hANP-like immunoreactivity and gamma-hANP-(1-25)-like immunoreactivity in the human and monkey brains, with the highest concentrations in the midbrain and the pons. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with the two radio-immunoassays and also with another radio-immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal sequence of alpha-ANP revealed that gamma-ANP is synthesized in the brain and cleaved into N-terminally deleted form(s) of alpha-ANP and 10-K N-terminal fragment(s) of gamma-ANP, which coexist within the neuron. These results suggest that the post-translational processing of gamma-ANP in the brain is different from that in the heart.
Enhancement of the pockels effect in photonic crystal modulators through slow light (2016)

We report a photonic crystal (PhC) optical modulator operating in the optical C band (1530-1565 nm) using barium titanate epitaxial thin films as the electro-optic (EO) medium. The PhC has hexagonal lattice symmetry and an extinction ratio of 9 dB. Due to the slow light enhancement of the EO coefficient near the PhC band edge, the driving electrode can be as short as a one millimeter. We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, at microwave frequencies from 10 to 45 GHz the effective EO coefficient and its enhancement through slow light effects. A monotonic increase of the effective EO coefficient from 60 to 110 pm/V across the stopband edge is obtained, resulting in an enhancement as high as 1.8.
Purification and characterization of novel glycosidases from the bacterial genus <i>Xanthomonas</i> (1995)

Enzymatic analysis of oligosaccharides using exoglycosidases has become a powerful tool for determining the sequence and structure of sugar chains. The principal limitation to these methods has been the lack of highly purified and well-characterized enzymes. Using fluorescently labelled carbohydrate substrates and TLC, we have developed a method to identify glycosidases with novel specificities. This screening method led to the discovery that bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas are a rich source of exoglycosidases. From Xanthomonas manihotis, eight novel exoglycosidases have been isolated and characterized. A novel beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase has been purified that, unlike those previously described, will cleave N-acetylglucosamine without cleaving N-acetylgalactosamine residues. A novel beta-galactosidase has been isolated that preferentially hydrolyses beta(1-->3) galactosyl linkages. Three alpha-mannosidases have been isolated that serve as useful reagents in the analysis of high-mannose oligosaccharide structures: alpha 1-3,6 mannosidase, alpha 1-6 mannosidase and alpha 1-2,3 mannosidase. An alpha 1-3,6 galactosidase has been purified that does not hydrolyse terminal alpha 1-4 galactose residues. Two fucosidases, alpha 1-3,4 fucosidase and alpha 1-2 fucosidase, are similar to enzymes purified from other sources. Together, these glycosidases provide powerful reagents for determining the sequence of complex carbohydrates. Equally important is their usefulness in selectively removing specific sugar residues and thereby creating novel carbohydrates for analysing the biological roles of oligosaccharides.
<title>Holographically corrected telescope for high-bandwidth optical communications</title> (1999)

We describe a method by which a lightweight, low-quality, reflecting primary is holographically corrected to diffraction limited operation. The resulting telescope can be used to transmit or receive optical data signals with frequencies up to 100 GHz with high SNR (> 60 dB). The simplicity of this design makes it ideal for future global satellite networks or space probe communications.
Lymphdx: A Custom Microarray for Molecular Diagnosis and Prognosis in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. (2004)

Abstract Clinical management differs significantly for the various types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and the diagnosis of these lymphomas can be challenging in some cases. Further, existing NHL categories include subgroups that can differ substantially in gene expression, response to therapy and overall survival. We have created a custom oligonucleotide microarray, named LymphDx, which could prove clinically useful for molecular diagnosis and outcome prediction in NHL. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 559 patients with a variety of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative conditions. Gene expression profiles of these samples were obtained using Affymetrix U133 A and B microarrays. The 2653 genes on LymphDx were chosen to include:(1)Genes most differentially expressed among NHL types based on Affymetrix U133 or Lymphochip microarrays (2)Genes predicting length of survival in diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL), follicular lymphoma(FL) and mantle cell lymphoma(MCL) (3)Genes encoded in the EBV and HHV-8 viral genomes (4)Genes encoding all known surface markers, kinases, cytokines and their receptors, as well as oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and other genes relevant to lymphoma. The LymphDx microarray was used to profile gene expression in 434 biopsy samples. These data were used to create a diagnostic algorithm that can distinguish various NHL types and benign follicular hyperplasia(FH) based on gene expression. The algorithm classifies a sample into one of the following categories: Burkitt’s lymphoma(BL), DLBCL, FL, MCL, small lymphocytic lymphoma(SLL) or FH. The algorithm further distinguishes the 3 recognized DLBCL subgroups: germinal center B cell-like, activated B cell-like or primary mediastinal lymphoma. Using a leave one out, cross validation strategy, the algorithm was found to agree well with the pathology diagnosis (see Figure). Some samples were deemed unclassified when their gene expression did not adequately match with that of any of the NHL categories. For a few samples, the gene expression-based diagnosis and the pathology diagnosis were discordant. Pathology review showed that two NHL types coexisted (eg FL and DLBCL) in many of these cases, potentially explaining the results of the diagnostic algorithm. LymphDx could also reliably predict the overall survival of patients with DLBCL, FL and MCL. Prospective evaluation of the LymphDx microarray is warranted since it could be used to provide objective molecular diagnostic, and prognostic information for patients with NHL. Figure Figure
Secretion of a Lactone-Hydrogenated Ouabain-Like Effector of Sodium, Potassium-Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity by Adrenal Cells* (2000)

Ouabain-like factor (OLF), a mammalian cardenolide, is a counterpart to plant-derived ouabain and is found in the adrenal, hypothalamus, and blood of several mammalian species. We now report the existence of a mammalian lactone-hydrogenated ouabain-like factor (dihydro-OLF) in secretions from cultured mouse adrenal Y-1 cells. Dihydro-OLF structurally and functionally mimics plant-derived dihydroouabain. We measured both OLF and the newly discovered dihydro-OLF using five independent techniques: immunoreactivity with two specific antisera, one against ouabain and one against dihydroouabain; chromatographic mobility; spectral absorbance characteristics; and concentration-dependent inhibition and phosphorylation of Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase. All measured physical attributes of dihydro-OLF mimic those of plant-derived dihydroouabain, including a spectral shift maxima, 220 nm (OLF) to 196 nm (dihydro-OLF), with appropriately decreased molar absorptivity. Dihydro-OLF (IC50 = 590 nM) is a 10-fold less potent Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor than its oxidized mammalian counterpart OLF (IC50 = 60 nM), just as dihydroouabain is less potent than ouabain. Dihydro-OLF is also 3-fold more potent than a recently identified isomer of plant-derived dihydroouabain (IC50 = 1,700 nM). Using antiouabain and antidihydroouabain antisera we estimate that 3 x 10(7) mouse adrenal Y-1 cells secreted 1.3 ng OLF and 8.9 ng dihydro-OLF. The relative abundance of dihydro-OLF is consistently greater than that of its oxidized form, OLF, in bovine adrenals (22-fold), human serum (13-fold), and secretions from cultured mouse Y-1 cells (5-fold). The discoveries of OLF, OLF-genin, and now dihydro-OLF constitute an intriguing structural polymorphism probably involved in the synthesis, regulation, and metabolic control of these new hormone-like compounds.
Test Results Of A Prototype Serrodyne Closed-Loop Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope (1989)

The test results of a prototype serrodyne closed-loop interferometric fiber optic gyroscope are reported. The rotation sensor used a low-coherence superradiant diode at 0.85 microns wavelength with a polarization-maintaining sensing coil, polarizer and loop coupler. A wide bandwidth Ti:LiNb0<sub>3</sub> phase modulator was used to provide bias modulation and serrodyne frequency shifting. Performance of the sensor before and after loop closure is discussed. No degradation of the random walk or bias stability was noted with loop closure. The scale factor and dynamic range were improved. Various contributors to scale factor error are discussed.
Compact, in-line, all-fiber polarimeter using fiber gratings (2002)

We demonstrate a compact, low loss, low cost in-fiber polarimeter using a UV induced waveplate and fiber gratings. The polarimeter has accuracy comparable to commercial devices, is wavelength insensitive over 70 nm, and is tested in control loop that actively stabilizes a random input polarization.
Optimization of the excitation light sheet in selective plane illumination microscopy (2015)

Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) allows rapid 3D live fluorescence imaging on biological specimens with high 3D spatial resolution, good optical sectioning capability and minimal photobleaching and phototoxic effect. SPIM gains its advantage by confining the excitation light near the detection focal plane, and its performance is determined by the ability to create a thin, large and uniform excitation light sheet. Several methods have been developed to create such an excitation light sheet for SPIM. However, each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, and tradeoffs must be made among different aspects in SPIM imaging. In this work, we present a strategy to select the excitation light sheet among the latest SPIM techniques, and to optimize its geometry based on spatial resolution, field of view, optical sectioning capability, and the sample to be imaged. Besides the light sheets discussed in this work, the proposed strategy is also applicable to estimate the SPIM performance using other excitation light sheets.
Optimization of mesh locality for transparent vertex caching (1999)

Bus traffic between the graphics subsystem and memory can become a bottleneck when rendering geometrically complex meshes. In this paper, we investigate the use of vertex caching to transparently reduce geometry bandwidth. Use of an indexed triangle strip representation permits application programs to animate the meshes at video rates, and provides backward compatibility on legacy hardware. The efficiency of vertex caching is maximized by reordering the faces in the mesh during a preprocess. We present two reordering techniques, a fast greedy strip-growing algorithm and a local optimization algorithm. The strip-growing algorithm performs lookahead simulations of the cache to adapt strip lengths to the cache capacity. The local optimization algorithm improves this initial result by exploring a set of perturbations to the face ordering. The resulting cache miss rates are comparable to the efficiency of the earlier mesh buffer scheme described by Deering and Chow, even though the vertex cache is not actively managed.
Variable liquid crystal pretilt angles by nanostructured surfaces (2006)

Variable liquid crystal pretilt angles of any value from 0 to 90° can be obtained by using a nanostructured alignment layer. This layer is robust and reliable. The pretilt angles obtained are stable against high storage and operating temperatures, and have strong anchoring energies.
Minimizing sources of errors in medical image registration (2003)

This paper compares the image registration errors associated with traditional unidirectional registration algorithms to the newer inverse consistent image registration algorithms. Inverse consistent registration algorithms jointly estimate the forward and reverse transformation between two images while minimizing the inverse consistency error between these transformations. Unidirectional algorithms estimate the forward and the reverse transformations independently. It is also shown that combining landmark and intensity information produces better registration results than using either type of information independently. In addition to examining the inverse consistency error, the transitivity error associated with each type of registration algorithm is examined. Transitivity of the transformations was evaluated by measuring the difference between the identity mapping and the composition the transformations from image A-to-B, B-to-C, and C-to-A. In all cases, the inverse consistent algorithms out performed the unidirectional algorithms by producing transformations that have less inverse consistency error and less transitivity error.
Computation of Average Well Drainage Pressure for a Parallel Reservoir Simulator (2008)

Abstract In history matching, simulator computed well pressures are matched against the static well pressures from the field data. In practice, many simulators use pore volume averaged grid block pressures for the perforated cells to calculate the static well pressure. While this approximation may be reasonable for large grid blocks, it certainly is not a good approximation for the smaller grid blocks. When locally refined grids around the well are used, the error becomes significant. This paper describes a new method where the static well pressure is calculated from the approximate well drainage volume during the simulation. Drainage volume of the well is estimated from the computed fluxes. Static well pressure is then calculated by pore volume average of the dynamic grid block pressures within the drainage volume. The novelty of the method comes from the fact that fluid fluxes are computed at each iteration in a numerical reservoir simulator as part of the simulator computations. Therefore, no extra computations are needed to calculate effective drainage volume. Implementation in a parallel simulator where well blocks may cross the processor domain boundaries are handled by the new algorithm and described in the paper. New method has been compared against the conventional method and field data. Advantages of the new method are illustrated by examples including a real field simulation.
Robust Acoustic ECHO Control using a Simple ECHO Path Model (2006)

In handsfree tele or video conferencing acoustic echoes arise due to the coupling between the loudspeaker and microphone. Usually an acoustic echo canceler (AEC) is used for eliminating the undesired echoes. The weaknesses of AEC are that it is relatively complex and that it is not robust against non-linearities occurring when using low-end components such as small loudspeakers. We are describing an algorithm which models the acoustic echo path by means of an overall delay and a coloration effect filter. The echo is removed by means of short-time spectral modification. The algorithm design aims at low computational complexity and high robustness. The effect of echo path changes and non-linearities on the performance of this algorithm are investigated.
Recent progress toward real-time measurement of ultrashort laser pulses (1999)

Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a technique that produces a spectrogram of an ultrashort laser pulse optically. While a great deal of information about the pulse can be gleaned from its FROG trace, often it is desirable to obtain of the pulse information immediately, in real time. Quantitative information about the guise is not readily obtainable from its spectrogram without the use of a two-dimensional phase retrieval algorithm. While current algorithms are quite robust, retrieval of all the pulse information can be slow. In this paper, I describe a recently developed FROG trace inversion algorithm called Principal Component Generalized Projects that is fast, robust, and can invert FROG traces in real time. A femtosecond oscilloscope based on second-harmonic generation FROG is also described that uses this new algorithm to rapidly (up to 2.3 Hz) and continuously display the intensity and phase of ultrashort laser pulses.