gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Objective Assessment of Speech and Audio Quality—Technology and Applications (2006)

In the past few years, objective quality assessment models have become increasingly used for assessing or monitoring speech and audio quality. By measuring perceived quality on an easily-understood subjective scale, such as listening quality (excellent, good, fair, poor, bad), these methods provide a quick and repeatable way to estimate customer experience. Typical applications include audio quality evaluation, selection of codecs or other equipment, and measuring the quality of telephone networks. To introduce this special issue, this paper provides an overview of the field, outlining the main approaches to intrusive, nonintrusive and parametric models and discussing some of their limitations and areas of future work
Reduced Complexity Compensation of I/Q Skew and Imbalance in Subcarrier Multiplexing Receivers (2020)

We investigate a reduced complexity adaptive equalizer for compensating the transmitter I/Q time skew and the phase and gain errors of the optical modulator, in sub-carrier multiplexing (SCM) receivers. The performance is evaluated by using an FPGA-platform based implementation.
MK-5172, a Selective Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4a Protease with Broad Activity across Genotypes and Resistant Variants (2012)

HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors are proven therapeutic agents against chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with boceprevir and telaprevir having recently received regulatory approval as add-on therapy to pegylated interferon/ribavirin for patients harboring genotype 1 infections. Overcoming antiviral resistance, broad genotype coverage, and a convenient dosing regimen are important attributes for future agents to be used in combinations without interferon. In this communication, we report the preclinical profile of MK-5172, a novel P2-P4 quinoxaline macrocyclic NS3/4a protease inhibitor currently in clinical development. The compound demonstrates subnanomolar activity against a broad enzyme panel encompassing major hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes as well as variants resistant to earlier protease inhibitors. In replicon selections, MK-5172 exerted high selective pressure, which yielded few resistant colonies. In both rat and dog, MK-5172 demonstrates good plasma and liver exposures, with 24-h liver levels suggestive of once-daily dosing. When administered to HCV-infected chimpanzees harboring chronic gt1a or gt1b infections, MK-5172 suppressed viral load between 4 to 5 logs at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight twice daily (b.i.d.) for 7 days. Based on its preclinical profile, MK-5172 is anticipated to be broadly active against multiple HCV genotypes and clinically important resistance variants and highly suited for incorporation into newer all-oral regimens.
Design of decentralized controllers for self-reconfigurable modular robots using genetic programming (2002)

Advantages of self-reconfigurable modular robots over conventional robots include physical adaptability, robustness in the presence of failures, and economies of scale. Creating control software for modular robots is one of the central challenges to realizing their potential advantages. Modular robots differ enough from traditional robots that new techniques must be found to create software to control them. The novel difficulties are due to the fact that modular robots are ideally controlled in a decentralized manner, dynamically change their connectivity topology, may contain hundreds or thousands of modules, and are expected to perform tasks properly even when some modules fail. We demonstrate the use of genetic programming to automatically create distributed controllers for self-reconfigurable modular robots.
Hand-Held and Integrated Single-Cell Pipettes (2014)

Successful single-cell isolation is a primary step for subsequent chemical and biological analyses of single cells. Conventional single-cell isolation methods often encounter operational complexity, limited efficiency, deterioration of cell viability, incompetence in the isolation of a single-cell into nanoliter liquid, and/or inability to select single adherent cells with specific phenotypes. Here, we develop a hand-held single-cell pipet (hSCP) that is rapid, operationally simple, highly efficient, and inexpensive for unbiased isolation of single viable suspended cells directly from submicroliter cell suspensions into nanoliter droplets without the assistance of any additional equipment. An integrated SCP (iSCP) has also been developed for selective isolation of single suspended and adherent cells according to the fluorescence imaging and morphological features. The isolated single cells can be conveniently transferred into standard 96-/384-well plates, Petri dishes, or vials for cloning, PCR, and other single-cell biochemical assays.
<i>β</i>‒hairpin polypeptides by design and selection (2003)

We have developed polypeptide scaffolds that readily adopt a β ‒hairpin conformation (a pair of antiparallel strands connected by a turn) in solution. The study of such peptides allows us to understand the factors that govern stability and folding of these motifs in proteins, and permits mimicry of functionally important regions of proteins. Spectroscopic and biophysical methods have been used to characterize the conformational preferences and stability of these peptides, with a strong emphasis on using restraints generated from 1 H NMR spectroscopy to determine their three‒dimensional structure. By optimization of inter‒strand interactions, we have developed highly stable disulfide‒cyclized and linear β ‒hairpin peptides. In particular, tryptophan residues at non‒hydrogen bonded strand sites (NHB) are highly stabilizing. A variety of turn types have been presented from these scaffolds, suggesting that they might generally be useful in turn presentation. Interestingly, β ‒hairpin peptides (containing a disulfide and a NHB tryptophan) have recently been discovered as antagonists of protein–protein interactions from naïve peptide libraries displayed on phage. Comparison of one such β ‒hairpin peptide with an α ‒helical peptide of very similar sequence provides further insight into the role that residue type and context play in determining polypeptide conformation.
ASL Recognition Based on Kinematics Derived from a Multi-Frequency RF Sensor Network (2020)

As a means for leveraging technology in the design of Deaf spaces, this paper presents initial results on American Sign Language (ASL) recognition using RF sensing. RF sensors are non-contact, non-invasive, and protective of privacy, making them of special interest for use in personal areas. Using just the kinematic properties of signing as captured by the micro-Doppler signatures of a multi-frequency RF sensor network, this paper shows that native and imitation signing can be differentiated with %99 accuracy, while up to 20 ASL signs are recognized with an accuracy of %72 or higher.
Pd nanoparticles on green support as dip-catalyst: a facile transfer hydrogenation of olefins and <i>N</i>-heteroarenes in water (2019)

Chemo- and regioselective hydrogenation methods using highly green sources, particularly from metal nanoparticles on plant stem as support and water, is an intensive research area, which is highly relevant to the development of green chemistry and technology in the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Here, the synthesis and activity of a heterogeneous catalytic system (called "dip-catalyst") for the transfer hydrogenation of a series of styrenyl, unfunctionalized olefins, quinoline and other <i>N</i>-heteroarenes, are presented. It consists of Pd nanoparticles (15-20 nm) anchored on bio-processed jute plant (<i>Corchorus</i> genus) stem as the support. Pd nanoparticles were decorated on the green support (GS) jute stem by the <i>in situ</i> reduction of K<sub>2</sub>PdCl<sub>4</sub> in aqueous medium at 70 °C, using formic acid as the reductant. The Pd@GS was characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, XPS and TEM. Elemental mapping revealed uniform distribution of Pd on the cellulose matrix of the jute stem. The catalyst was successfully applied to the chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of numerous styrenyl, unfunctionalized olefins. Its high functional group tolerance was investigated during the olefins hydrogenation in water. Furthermore, Pd@GS was capable of quantitative hydrogenation to selectively produce 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) in water using stoichiometric amounts of tetrahydroxydiboron (THDB) at 60 °C with turn over frequency (TOF) 4938 h<sup>-1</sup>. This system is stable in water and displays excellent recyclability; it could be used for 32 consecutive cycles, without losing its original crystallinity or requiring replenishment.
Photodynamic therapy of arteries (2002)

When patients undergo therapeutic intervention of arteriosclerotic obstructions in their arteries, the major early procedural downfall whether it is an artery bypass, balloon angioplasty or removal of the plaque relates to the restenosis or internal scarring within the artery. Photodynamic therapy has been investigated as a method for the inhibition of this clinically difficult problem. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the use of an otherwise nontoxic photosensitizer dye which, when activated by the absorption of light, provides preradical moieties that are cytotoxic to cells. The target cells of photodynamic therapy, are also cells responsible for maintaining tone and general cellular maintenance of the vessel wall. The concern is that the removal of these cells could cause weakening of the artery wall thereby causing dilatation or aneurysm formation. Compliance is the elastic property of the arteries as expressed as a percentage change in the diameter per unit pressure change. Therefore, long-term studies were carried out to investigate the inhibition of intimal hyperplasia and effect on compliance of the artery wall to determine whether or not the inherent strength of the artery is significantly diminished. It is found that smooth muscle cell depletion (up to 16 weeks) in PDT treated arteries does not cause aneurysmal degeneration. The fact that there is no inflammation and that intimal hyperplasia can be inhibited is intriguing. These data confirm that experimental PDT treatment is feasible and safe, however, further optimization needs to be undertaken to understand the mechanism and to determine the optimal parameters for its use in a clinical situation.
A Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 52-62 CD4 T-Cell Epitope Restricted by the HLA-DR11 Molecule Described in an Epitope Hotspot (2014)

Cell-mediated immune responses to the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) E6 protein have been shown to be important in viral clearance and in regression of cervical lesions. Here, detailed analyses of a novel HPV 16 E6 CD4 T-cell epitope from a subject with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 are described. This subject had demonstrated HPV 16 CD4 T-cell responses to multiple regions within the E6 protein. Isolation and cloning of CD4 T-cells were performed by magnetic selection of interferon-secreting cells and limiting dilution. A single HPV 16-specific T-cell clone isolated was shown to have a specificity to HPV 16 E6 52-62 restricted by the HLA-DR11 molecule. Homologous sequences (70% amino acid homology) were identified for HPV types 31, 33, 45, 58, 73, but cross-recognition was demonstrated only for HPV 45. Based on work performed by our group and others, it is known that this short peptide contains multiple CD4 and CD8 T-cell HPV epitopes and would be an ideal region to incorporate into a design of vaccines and immunotherapies against HPV-associated malignancies.
Optimal braking and steering control for active safety (2012)

The paper summarizes the development of an optimal braking and steering control for collision avoidance maneuver. The goal is to minimize the distance to the target vehicle ahead of the host vehicle subject to vehicle and environment constraints. Comparative study of standalone steering versus braking in a collision avoidance maneuver is given and results are discussed. The collision avoidance steering maneuver is effective only when the forward velocity is above a certain limit dictated by the surface friction coefficient and vehicle/tire characteristics. The algorithms were implemented in Simulink and verified in CarSim. The results indicate that there is an optimal braking and steering control resulting in minimal distance needed for collision avoidance maneuvers.
Crossflow magnetically stabilized fluidized beds. (1984)

Magnetically stabilized fluidized beds (MSBs) can be operated in a crossflow configuration, with continuous solids movement transverse to the ascending flow of the fluidizing fluid. The MSB combines some of the properties of both fluidized and fixed bed contactors. Applications of the crossflow MSB include particulates capture, solids/ solids separation, and chromatographic separations.
A new family of water-soluble, third-generation antitumor platinum complexes (1989)

[1,1-Cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2)-O,O'](1,3-dioxane-5,5-dimethan amine- N,N')platinum(II), 3a, a third generation, very water-soluble platinum complex, has been synthesized along with several of its analogues. All members of the new family contain a 1,3-dioxane or 1,3-dioxolane-1,3-diamine as their basic ligand, a moiety which contributes to their increased water solubility, and a bidentate acid ligand, which is responsible for their good stability. They were all easily crystallized and characterized by 1H NMR and elemental analysis, and the parent complex 3a was further characterized by 13C NMR. Their very desirable physical properties combined with their broad spectrum of antitumor activity and reduced toxicity make them good candidates of further development.
Non-FK506-binding protein-12 neuroimmunophilin ligands increase neurite elongation and accelerate nerve regeneration (2005)

Neurotrophic activity of neuroimmunophilin ligands (FK506 and its nonimmunosuppressant derivatives) has been assumed to be mediated by the FK506-binding protein-12 (FKBP-12). We recently showed that activity is retained in hippocampal neurons from FKBP-12 knockout mice, indicating that binding to FKBP-12 is not necessary. Here we show that three nonimmunosuppressant FK506 derivatives (V-13,450, V-13,629, and V-13,670) that do not bind FKBP-12 (>12.5 mM affinity) are equipotent to FKBP-12 ligands (FK506, V-10,367, and V-13,449) for increasing neurite elongation in SH-SY5Y cells. One non-FKBP-12 ligand (V-13,670) is also shown to accelerate functional recovery and nerve regeneration in the rat sciatic nerve crush model. Surprisingly, it exhibited an unusual dose-response effect upon oral administration, showing a novel bimodal dose-response for behavioral functional recovery and myelination, but not for axonal size, suggesting both Schwann cell and neuronal targets. Orally active non-FKBP-12 neuroimmunophilin ligands may be useful for the treatment of human neurological disorders without any potential side effects resulting from FKBP-12 binding.
Investigation of Cellular Confinement in 3D Microscale Fibrous Substrates: Fabrication and Metrology (2017)

Engineered microenvironments along with robust quantitative models of cell shape metrology that can decouple the effect of various well-defined cues on a stem cell’s phenotypic response would serve as an illuminating tool for testing mechanistic hypotheses on how stem cell fate is fundamentally regulated. As an experimental testbed to probe the effect of geometrical confinement on cell morphology, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) layered fibrous meshes are fabricated with an in-house melt electrospinning writing system. Gradual confinement states of fibroblasts are demonstrated by seeding primary fibroblasts on defined substrates, including a classical two-dimensional (2D) petri dish and porous 3D fibrous substrates with microarchitectures tunable within a tight cellular dimensional scale window (1–50 μm). To characterize fibroblast confinement, a quantitative 3D confocal fluorescence imaging workflow for 3D cell shape representation is presented. The methodology advanced allows the extraction of cellular and subcellular morphometric features including the number, location, and 3D distance distribution metrics of the shape-bearing focal adhesion proteins.
Kallikrein Gene Transfer in Hypertension, Cardiovascular and Renal Disease, and Stroke (2005)

Tissue kallikrein cleaves low-molecular-weight kininogen substrate to produce the potent vasodilator kinin peptide, which binds to kinin receptors and triggers a wide spectrum of biological effects. Tissue kallikrein levels are reduced in humans and animal models with hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease. We investigated the role of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system in the cardiovascular, renal, and central nervous systems by systemic and local delivery of the human tissue kallikrein gene using a plasmid DNA or an adenovirus vector. Enhanced kallikrein/kinin levels following kallikrein gene transfer reduce blood pressure in several pressure- and volume-overload hypertensive animal models. Kallikrein gene transfer also exerts beneficial effects in protection against cardiac remodeling, renal fibrosis, restenosis, cerebral infarction, and neurological deficits. The improvement in cardiovascular, renal, and neurological function following kallikrein gene transfer is independent of kallikrein’s ability to lower blood pressure. Kallikrein gene transfer has pleiotropic effects on apoptosis, inflammation, proliferation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and angiogenesis in the heart, blood vessel, kidney, and brain. These effects are blocked by icatibant, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, indicating a kinin-mediated event. Mechanistically, kallikrein gene transfer leads to increased nitric oxide (NO) levels and decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory response. These novel findings indicate that kallikrein/kinin, through NO formation, may act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in protection against cardiovascular and renal disease in animal models, and may uncover new drug targets for the prevention and treatment of heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and stroke in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF 1,2,4‐TRIAZOLE‐3‐THIOCARBOXAMIDE AND 1,2,4‐TRIAZOLE‐3‐CARBOXAMIDINE RIBONUCLEOSIDES (1973)

Abstract 1‐β‐D‐Ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐carbonsäureamid (IVa) besitzt antivirale Aktivität. Deshalb werden (IVa) und ähnliche Verbindungen hergestellt, indem zunächst durch Kondensation zwischen dem Nitril (I) und dem Zuckeracetat (II) das Kondensat (III) hergestellt wird.
A technique for segmental rectal and colonic perfusion in humans. (1992)

To enable a better characterization of pathophysiologic processes in colon and rectum, we have developed a perfusion technique for collection of soluble substances and cells from standardized intestinal segments. A tube with balloons attached to its outer wall was endoscopically introduced into the rectum and sigmoid colon, and its position ascertained fluoroscopically. The balloons delimited two segments, one in the sigmoid colon and one in the rectum. The segments were simultaneously perfused by a buffer at 37 degrees C. After a 30-min rinsing period, perfusate and cells were collected at 20-min intervals. Of 51 attempted perfusions, 45 were successfully completed. Recovered volumes equaled those infused. Leakage from the proximal intestine to the segments was negligible. In 18 healthy volunteers, the mean perfusate concentration from the rectal segment was 57.5 (27.5-120.2) mg/L for albumin, 1.3 (1.0-1.7) micrograms/L for eosinophil cationic protein, 5.1 (2.8-9.5) ng/L for prostaglandin E2, and 61.7 (41.7-89.1) micrograms/L for hyaluronan, and all values were lower in the sigmoid segment. Steady state conditions were achieved from the second perfusion period. The perfusate contained 4-80 x 10(4) cells, more than 95% of which were epithelial cells. The technique is safe, has a good subject compliance, and seems to be a valuable tool in investigations on quantitative release of soluble substances and cells in, e.g., colorectal inflammation.
An FFT-Based Companding Front End for Noise-Robust Automatic Speech Recognition (2007)

We describe an FFT-based companding algorithm for preprocessing speech before recognition. The algorithm mimics tone-to-tone suppression and masking in the auditory system to improve automatic speech recognition performance in noise. Moreover, it is also very computationally efficient and suited to digital implementations due to its use of the FFT. In an automotive digits recognition task with the CU-Move database recorded in real environmental noise, the algorithm improves the relative word error by 12.5% at Ã¢ÂˆÂ’5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and by 6.2% across all SNRs (Ã¢ÂˆÂ’5 dB SNR to +15 dB SNR). In the Aurora-2 database recorded with artificially added noise in several environments, the algorithm improves the relative word error rate in almost all situations.
Pharmacodynamic properties of Viaject™: A novel rapid-acting regular human insulin (2006)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic properties of the novel insulin formulation Viaject™ (VJ). VJ is a formulation of regular human insulin and GRAS ingredients designed to increase the rate of absorption. Five euglycemic glucose-clamps (Biostator; target blood glucose 90mg/dl) were performed in 10 fasting healthy volunteers (age 40 (20–62) years (mean (range)); BMI 22.5 (19.2–24.9)kg/m2). Using a cross-over design with a fixed treatment order, 12 IU Regular insulin (RI), 12 IU Insulin Lispro (IL) and 12, 6 and 3 IU VJ were injected subcutaneously in the abdominal region. SC injection of VJ resulted in a time-action profile that is characterized by an even more rapid rise in glucose consumption than IL: Onset of action (early half-maximal action: VJ 12 IU 33, IL 51, RI 66min) and time to maximal metabolic activity (137, 152, 193min) was observed earlier with Viaject™ than with IL and IL. The metabolic activity in the first 2h after injection was higher with VJ compared to RI (908, 775, 571mg/kg). A clear dose-response relationship was observed with the three doses of VJ with respect to both serum insulin levels and metabolic activity. The pharmacokinetic data confirm the PD results. No clinically significant adverse events were observed. This study shows that the pharmacodynamic effects of Viaject™, a novel formulation of regular insulin, are significantly faster after s.c. injection than regular insulin and rapid-acting insulin analogues.
Objective audiometry with DPOAEs (2017)

Compared to conventional DPOAE and TEOAE methods, separation of DPOAE components using short-pulse DPOAEs in combination with optimized stimulus parameters considerably enhances the accuracy of DPOAEs for diagnosing impairment of the cochlear amplifier.
Follistatin-Like Protein-1 Is a Novel Proinflammatory Molecule (2006)

While analyzing gene expression in collagen-induced arthritis, we discovered that a poorly characterized gene, follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL-1), is highly overexpressed in mouse paws during early arthritis, especially at the interface of synovial pannus and eroding bone. In this study, we show that FSTL-1 is a novel proinflammatory molecule with a previously unrecognized role in inflammation. Transfection of FSTL-1 into macrophages and fibroblasts leads to up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. Overexpression of FSTL-1 in mouse paws by gene transfer results in severe paw swelling and arthritis.