gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CoLux (2017)

We present CoLux, a novel system for measuring micro 3D motion of multiple independently moving objects at macroscopic standoff distances. CoLux is based on speckle imaging, where the scene is illuminated with a coherent light source and imaged with a camera. Coherent light, on interacting with optically rough surfaces, creates a high-frequency speckle pattern in the captured images. The motion of objects results in movement of speckle, which can be measured to estimate the object motion. Speckle imaging is widely used for micro-motion estimation in several applications, including industrial inspection, scientific imaging, and user interfaces (e.g., optical mice). However, current speckle imaging methods are largely limited to measuring 2D motion (parallel to the sensor image plane) of a single rigid object. We develop a novel theoretical model for speckle movement due to multi-object motion, and present a simple technique based on global scale-space speckle motion analysis for measuring small (5--50 microns) compound motion of multiple objects, along all three axes. Using these tools, we develop a method for measuring 3D micro-motion histograms of multiple independently moving objects, without tracking the individual motion trajectories. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of CoLux, we develop a hardware prototype and a proof-of-concept subtle hand gesture recognition system with a broad range of potential applications in user interfaces and interactive computer graphics.
Efficiently Providing Multiple Grades of Service with Protection Against Overloads in Shared Resources (1995)

Multiservice telecommunications systems require different grades of service for different customers, including protection against overloads caused by other customers. One way to provide multiple grades of service, including overload protection, is by partial sharing using upper-limit (UL) bounds, which specify an upper limit on the number of requests a customer is allowed at any time, and guaranteed-minimum (GM) bounds, which guarantee that there will always be space for a minimum number of requests from that customer. These bounds achieve effective separation with sharing and can be efficiently enforced and analyzed. Analysis is made possible by a new algorithm for computing blocking probabilities based on numerical transform inversion.
Synthesis of Alkyl- and Aryl-Substituted Pyridines from (α,β-Unsaturated) Imines or Oximes and Carbonyl Compounds (1994)

Reaction of a variety of (α,β-unsaturated) imines or oximes with aliphatic aldehydes or cyclic ketones in the presence of a secondary amine afforded alkyl-, and/or aryl-, and/or cycloalkyl-substituted pyridines.1 To explain their formation, a hetero Diels-Alder reaction has been postulated, in which an 1-aza-1,3-butadiene reacts with an in situ generated enamine.
Loss of uteroglobin expression in prostate cancer: relationship to advancing grade. (1997)

We have shown previously that the secretory protein uteroglobin (UG) is highly expressed in normal human prostate tissue but this expression is either lost or altered in human prostate cancer cell lines. Treatment of these cell lines with recombinant human UG inhibits their ability to invade human reconstituted basement membrane by up to 90%, implying that the loss of normal UG expression may be related to the invasive potential of prostate cancer. Because invasion represents a critical step in metastasis, the expression patterns of UG could provide a unique and relevant indicator of cancer progression. In this study, we present the immunohistochemical analyses of fresh frozen prostate tissues from surgical specimens taken from 50 patients. Eight slides per patient were analyzed for UG staining. Slides from 26 patients showed evidence of prostate cancer, whereas slides from the remaining 24 patients showed only benign glands. The results demonstrate UG immunoreactivity in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatic atrophy; low but clearly positive expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; positive expression in cancerous glands of Gleason's pattern </=2; and complete loss of UG immunoreactivity in cancerous glands of Gleason's pattern 3 or greater. In addition, in the one case of metastatic prostate cancer that we examined, the prostate cancer cells within the lymph node lacked UG expression. These findings suggest that the loss of UG expression may be an indicator of prostate cancer progression and possibly a component of the molecular natural history of prostate cancer, which may have prognostic value.
Organic bistable devices with high switching voltage (2004)

Electrical bistable device with high switching voltage is developed. The device structure is Al electrode layer/ metal dispersed layer/ organic material layer/ Au electrode layer, whose thickness is 60/30/80/60nm, respectively. The organic material is a type of bisquinomethane, 2, 5-bis {(3’, 5’-di(tert-butyl)-4’-oxocyclohexa-2’, 5’-dienylidene)-(4"-methoxyphenyl) methyl} thiophene (DODMT). The metal dispersed layer is formed by co-evaporation of DODMT and Al. With this structure, the switching voltage around 18V is attained. The device works even without the metal dispersed layer, in that case, with switching voltage of around 5V. The origin of bistability is estimated to be tunneling charge injection caused by charge accumulation at the Au/organic interface and subsequent enhancement of electrical field. Charge accumulation has also been observed in the metal dispersed layer. It would retard charge injection from Al electrode to DODMT layer, and consequently, to the Au/organic interface, and make the switching voltage high.
Reliable multicast using remote direct memory access (RDMA) over a passive optical cross-connect fabric enhanced with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) (2019)

Reliable multicast using remote direct memory access (RDMA) over a passive optical cross-connect fabric enhanced with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kin-wai leong, 1,2 zhilong li 1 and yunqu leon liu 1 It has been well studied that reliable multicast enables consistency protocols, including Byzantine Fault Tolerant protocols, for distributed systems. However, no transport-layer reliable multicast is used today due to limitations with existing switch fabrics and transport-layer protocols. In this paper, we introduce a layer-4 (L4) transport based on remote direct memory access (RDMA) datagram to achieve reliable multicast over a shared optical medium. By connecting a cluster of networking nodes using a passive optical cross-connect fabric enhanced with wavelength division multiplexing, all messages are broadcast to all nodes. This mechanism enables consistency in a distributed system to be maintained at a low latency cost. By further utilizing RDMA datagram as the L4 protocol, we have achieved a low-enough message loss-ratio (better than one in 68 billion) to make a simple Negative Acknowledge (NACK)-based L4 multicast practical to deploy. To our knowledge, it is the first multicast architecture able to demonstrate such low message loss-ratio. Furthermore, with this reliable multicast transport, end-to-end latencies of eight microseconds or less (< 8us) have been routinely achieved using an enhanced software RDMA implementation on a variety of commodity 10G Ethernet network adapters.
Acousto-optical device using a superlattice as the interaction medium (1995)

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Tricyclic Indole-2-carboxylic Acids:  Highly in Vivo Active and Selective Antagonists for the Glycine Binding Site of the NMDA Receptor (2003)

A series of tricyclic indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated by the radioligand binding assay and the anticonvulsant effects in the mouse NMDA-induced seizure model. Among them, derivatives of 3S-(-)-4 such as 3a, 3f, and 3g which had certain zwitterionic anilides showed high affinity to the NMDA-glycine binding site. The absolute configuration of 3S-(-)-4 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In particular, 3g (SM-31900) was found to be a highly active glycine antagonist for both in vitro and in vivo assays (K(i) = 1.0 +/- 0.1 nM, ED(50) = 2.3 mg/kg, iv) and also showed high selectivity for the glycine site. In addition, 3g was soluble enough in aqueous media (>10 mg/mL at pH 7.4) to use for medications by intravenous injection.
A <i>trans</i>‐Selective Hydroboration of Internal Alkynes (2013)

Violate the rule: The reigning stereochemical principle of hydroboration is the suprafacial delivery of hydrogen and boron to the same π-face of a given starting material. This fundamental rule of cis addition is now easily broken for internal alkynes with the help of [Cp*Ru(MeCN)3]PF6 (Cp*=η5-C5Me5) as the catalyst. The resulting trans-selective hydroboration opens a practical new entry into E-configured alkenylboron derivatives. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Hybrid solutions for improving passive filter performance in high power applications (1997)

This paper presents a new control scheme for a parallel hybrid active filter system intended for harmonic compensation of large nonlinear loads up to 50 MVA, to meet IEEE 519 recommended harmonic standards. The active filter is small rated, 2%-3% of load kilovoltampere rating. The control scheme is based on the concept of synthesizing a dynamically variable inductance, and its usefulness is demonstrated for an active filtering application. A synchronous reference frame (SRF) controller implements the dynamically varying negative or positive inductance by generating active filter inverter voltage commands. This variable inductance controller parallel hybrid active filter system can selectively synthesize multiple "active inductances" at dominant harmonic frequencies without affecting passive filter impedances at all other frequencies. This controller also provides a "current limiting" function to prevent passive filter overloading under ambient harmonic loads and/or supply voltage distortions. Three implementation variations of a parallel hybrid active filter system are presented. This paper also proposes the use of power factor correction capacitors as low cost passive filters for a parallel hybrid active filter system, which are controlled to provide either single or multiple tuned harmonic sinks and to increase cost effectiveness for high power applications. Simulation results validate the proposed variable inductance controller operation for mistuned passive filters.
Scheduling in mapreduce-like systems for fast completion time (2011)

Large-scale data processing needs of enterprises today are primarily met with distributed and parallel computing in data centers. MapReduce has emerged as an important programming model for these environments. Since today's data centers run many MapReduce jobs in parallel, it is important to find a good scheduling algorithm that can optimize the completion times of these jobs. While several recent papers focused on optimizing the scheduler, there exists very little theoretical understanding of the scheduling problem in the context of MapReduce. In this paper, we seek to address this problem by first presenting a simplified abstraction of the MapReduce scheduling problem, and then formulate the scheduling problem as an optimization problem.We devise various online and offline algorithms to arrive at a good ordering of jobs to minimize the overall job completion times. Since optimal solutions are hard to compute (NP-hard), we propose approximation algorithms that work within a factor of 3 of the optimal. Using simulations, we also compare our online algorithm with standard scheduling strategies such as FIFO, Shortest Job First and show that our algorithm consistently outperforms these across different job distributions.
A 4-element MIMO antenna system loaded with CSRRs and patch antenna elements (2013)

A highly compact 2×2 (four element) MIMO antenna system operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band is proposed. The overall antenna system board size is 100×50×0.8 mm3. The elements of the MIMO antenna system are patch antennas loaded with Complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR). The CSRRs are used for patch antenna miniaturization. A 76% reduction in the area of the individual patch is achieved by the CSRR loading. The dimension of the individual patch antenna element is 14×18 mm2. The proposed MIMO antenna resonates at 2.48 GHz with a bandwidth of 50 MHz. The maximum gain of a single operating element of the antenna is -0.8 dBi.
Lyapunov-Based Control of the Sway Dynamics for Elevator Ropes (2014)

In this brief, we study the problem of rope sway dynamics control for elevator systems. We choose to actuate the system with a force actuator pulling on the compensation sheave. Under these conditions, we formulate this problem as a bilinear control problem and propose several nonlinear controllers based on Lyapunov theory to stabilize the rope sway dynamics, for different elevator operation conditions. We present a stability analysis of the proposed controllers, and illustrate their performance via numerical tests.
Cloning and characterization of genes responsible for metabolism of nitrile compounds from Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 (1991)

The nitrile hydratase (NHase) of Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23, which is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, catalyzes the hydration of nitrile compounds to the corresponding amides. The NHase gene of strain B23 was cloned into Escherichia coli by the DNA-probing method with the NHase gene of Rhodococcus sp. strain N-774 as the hybridization probe. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that an amidase showing significant similarity to the amidase of Rhodococcus sp. strain N-774 was also coded by the region just upstream of the subunit alpha-coding sequence. In addition to these three proteins, two open reading frames, P47K and OrfE, were found just downstream of the coding region of subunit beta. The direction and close locations to each other of these open reading frames encoding five proteins (amidase, subunits alpha and beta, P47K, and OrfE, in that order) suggested that these genes were cotranscribed by a single mRNA. Plasmid pPCN4, in which a 6.2-kb sequence covering the region coding for these proteins is placed under control of the lac promoter, directed overproduction of enzymatically active NHase and amidase in response to addition of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cell extract showed that the amount of subunits alpha and beta of NHase was about 10% of the total cellular proteins and that an additional 38-kDa protein probably encoded by the region upstream of the amidase gene was also produced in a large amount. The 38-kDa protein, as well as P47K and OrfE, appeared to be important for efficient expression of NHase activity in E. coli cells, because plasmids containing the NHase and amidase genes but lacking the region coding for the 38-kDa protein or the region coding for P47K and OrfE failed to express efficient NHase activity.
Emerging Role of Carbon Monoxide in Physiologic and Pathophysiologic States (2002)

The discovery of nitric oxide in the 1980s unraveled the novel concept then that an endogenous production of a gaseous substance such as nitric oxide can impart critical physiologic functions in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Interestingly though, we have known for a longer period of time that there exists another gaseous molecule, carbon monoxide (CO), that can be generated endogenously. The heme oxygenase enzyme system generates the majority, if not, all of the endogenous CO. Accumulating data in recent years have lent an intriguing supposition that we need to regard CO beyond the old paradigm that it imparts only toxicity and lethality to organisms. Instead, we need to consider CO, at low physiologic concentration, to play critical physiologic roles in various pathophysiologic states. This forum will review this double-edge sword of CO.
Design, installation and operation of power system stabilizers on the Hongkong Electric Power System. (1991)

Weakly damped low frequency power oscillations have become a worrying problem in the operation of the Hongkong Electric power system. As in other utilities, power system stabilizers (PSS) are used to enhance the system dynamic stability. The authors report on the practical experience of the Hongkong Electric Company in the design, installation and operation of PSS in the Lamma power station.
Infrared electro-optical modulators employing intervalley transfer in asymmetric double quantum wells (1995)

The development of electro-optical (EO) modulators, filters, and switches for the mid-wave and long-wave infrared (MWIR and LWIR) spectral regions currently remains at a rather primitive stage in comparison to the near-IR modulators now being intensively developed for fiber-optic communications, optoelectronic interconnects, and other large-volume applications. Here we propose a highly flexible asymmetric double-quantum-well (ADQW) design employing intersubband interactions either at normal incidence or in a waveguide-mode geometry. The device operation is based on an electrically controlled real-space and momentum-space transfer of electrons between a quantum well whose conduction-band minimum is at the Γ-point and a second well whose minimum is at the L-point. We predict MWIR and LWIR EO coefficients and device figures of merit comparable to those associated with the excitonic quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) used in interband modulators operating at shorter wavelengths.
Range Accuracy Analysis for FMCW Systems with Source Nonlinearity (2019)

In this paper, we provide theoretical analysis on range estimation in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) systems when the source nonlinearity is present. Existing literature on the effect of source nonlinearity on the range estimation is either based on a heuristic approach or limited to specific algorithms. To provide a unified analysis, we introduce the framework of misspecified Cramér-Rao bound (MCRB) and derive analytical lower bounds on the range estimation. Our analysis reveals that the range estimation accuracy is a function of the nonlinearity function, system parameters (e.g., bandwidth, sampling frequency) and noise variance. It is also noted that our result converges to the conventional accuracy analysis for range estimation when the nonlinearity becomes negligible. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the analytical bounds.
Speech enhancement using spectral subtraction and cascaded-median based noise estimation for hearing impaired listeners (2013)

A spectral subtraction technique is presented for real-time speech enhancement in the aids used by hearing impaired listeners. For reducing computational complexity and memory requirement, it uses a cascaded-median based estimation of the noise spectrum without voice activity detection. The technique is implemented and tested for satisfactory real-time operation, with sampling frequency of 12 kHz, processing using window length of 30 ms with 50% overlap, and noise estimation by 3-frame 4-stage cascaded-median, on a 16-bit fixed-point DSP processor with on-chip FFT hardware. Enhancement of speech with different types of additive stationary and non-stationary noise resulted in SNR advantage of 4 – 13 dB.
The use of higher order modes in fiber amplifiers (2008)

Fiber devices that amplify light propagating in a single fundamental mode face several challenges in extracting ever-increasing powers. Here we explore the advantages and present results showing amplification of light in a single higher order mode.
RANK Signaling in the Differentiation and Regeneration of Thymic Epithelial Cells (2021)

Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) provide essential clues for the proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation of thymocytes. Recent advances in mouse and human have revealed that TECs constitute a highly heterogeneous cell population with distinct functional properties. Importantly, TECs are sensitive to thymic damages engendered by myeloablative conditioning regimen used for bone marrow transplantation. These detrimental effects on TECs delay <i>de novo</i> T-cell production, which can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in many patients. Alike that TECs guide the development of thymocytes, reciprocally thymocytes control the differentiation and organization of TECs. These bidirectional interactions are referred to as thymic crosstalk. The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) member, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and its cognate ligand RANKL have emerged as key players of the crosstalk between TECs and thymocytes. RANKL, mainly provided by positively selected CD4<sup>+</sup> thymocytes and a subset of group 3 innate lymphoid cells, controls mTEC proliferation/differentiation and TEC regeneration. In this review, I discuss recent advances that have unraveled the high heterogeneity of TECs and the implication of the RANK-RANKL signaling axis in TEC differentiation and regeneration. Targeting this cell-signaling pathway opens novel therapeutic perspectives to recover TEC function and T-cell production.
Single Crystal Materials as Optical Amplifiers (1992)

Optical amplifiers with gains of 30dB at 1.55µm have been demonstrated using erbium doped silica fibers. Unfortunately, the incorporation of other rare-earth ions such as Nd in silica fibers for amplification at 1.31µm has been unsuccessful. Single crystal materials represent an interesting alternative as optical amplifiers at this wavelength. An estimate of gains for single crystal systems is calculated for specific examples and path lengths of 1mm-100cm are estimated. Host lattices as well as dopants appropriate for amplification at 1.31µm are emphasized.
Nanoscale on-chip decoupling capacitors (2008)

A distributed on-chip decoupling capacitor network is proposed in this paper to replace one large capacitor. A system of distributed on-chip decoupling capacitors is shown to provide an efficient solution for providing the required on-chip decoupling capacitance under existing technology constraints. In a system of distributed on-chip decoupling capacitors, each capacitor is sized based on the parasitic impedance of the power distribution grid. To be effective, on-chip decoupling capacitors should be charged before the next switching cycle. A design space for estimating the maximum parasitic resistance of the power distribution grid during discharge and the charging phase has been determined. Related simulation results for typical values of the on-chip parasitic resistance are also presented. An analytic solution is shown to provide accurate parameters of the distributed system. The worst case error is 0.002% during discharge and 0.08% during the charging phase as compared to SPICE.