gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KeyGraph : Automatic Indexing by Segmenting and Unifing Co-Occurrence Graphs (1999)

近年,電子図書館やインターネットの発達につれて さまざまな書類が電子的に蓄えられ,ユーザは自宅か らでも大量の文書にアクセスできるようになった.し かし,大量の情報が身近に提供されても,ユーザに そのすべてを読む時間はない.したがって,ユーザに とって重要な文書を計算機が文書データベースから選 び出してくる検索技術は重要な使命を担っている. ここで,検索対象の各文書から内容を要約するキー ワードを抽出しておくことは重要である.というのは, ユーザの検索語(ユーザが自分の興味を表すために入 力した語すなわち単語あるいは熟語の集合)と文書の キーワードとの照合によって,照合時間が文書の全文 と検索語を照合するよりも短縮できるからである.ま た,キーワードが文書の内容の本質を的確に表してい ればキーワード抽出は文書にとって意味のない部分を 捨てることになるので,全文検索よりかえってユーザ の興味を深く満足させる検索結果を得ることができる. 我々は本論文で,文書の主張の内容を表すキーワー ドの抽出をねらう.そのようなキーワードはユーザの 検索語に近い主張をもつ文書を検索するのに役立つの で,ユーザは,自分と同じ考えの著者や,内容は見聞
Specific Solvation Interactions of CO<sub>2</sub> on Acetate and Trifluoroacetate Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids at High Pressures (2009)

New classes of acidic or basic ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining special attention, since the efficiency of many processes can be enhanced by the judicious manipulation of these properties. The absorption of sour gases can be enhanced by the basic character of the IL. The fluorination of the cation or the anion can also contribute to enhance the gas solubility. In this work these two characteristics are evaluated through the study of the gas-liquid equilibrium of two ionic liquids based on similar anions, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C4mim][Ac]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate ([C4mim][TFA]), with carbon dioxide (CO2) at temperatures up to 363 K and pressures up to 76 MPa. The data reported are shown to be thermodynamically consistent. Henry's constants estimated from the experimental data show the solubility of CO2 on the [C4mim][Ac] to be spontaneous unlike in [C4mim][TFA] due to the differences in solvation enthalpies in these systems. Ab initio calculations were performed on simple intermolecular complexes of CO2 with acetate and trifluoroacetate using MP2/6-31G(d) and the G3 and G3MP2 theoretical procedures to understand the interactions between CO2 and the anions. The theoretical study indicates that although both anions exhibit a simultaneous interaction of the two oxygen of the carboxylate group with the CO2, the acetate acts as a stronger Lewis base than the trifluoroacetate. 13C high-resolution and magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectra provide further evidence for the acid/base solvation mechanism and the stability of the acetate ion on these systems. Further similarities and differences observed between the two anions in what concerns the solvation of CO2 are discussed.
Atmospheric Turbulence: Models and Methods for Engineering Applications (1984)

Presents, in a single volume, an up-to-date summary of the current knowledge of the statistical characteristics of atmospheric turbulence and an introduction to the methods required to apply these statistics to practical engineering problems. Covers basic physics and statistics, statistical properties emphasizing their behavior close to the ground, and applications for engineers.
Size-Controllable and Low-Cost Fabrication of Graphene Quantum Dots Using Thermal Plasma Jet (2014)

We report a size-controllable and low-cost fabrication method of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using a thermal plasma jet. A carbon atomic beam was generated by injecting a large amount (2.5 L/min) of ethylene gas continuously into Ar plasma. The beam was then flowed through a carbon tube (5-20 cm in length) attached to the anode and then dispersed into a chamber. Carbon materials including GQDs were made by a gas phase collision reaction. The production rate of carbon soot was 40 g/h for a 2.5 L/min injection rate. Almost all of the carbon soot dispersed in ethanol by sonication, while isolated GQDs were dispersed in ethanol by stirring with a stirring rod. The weight percent of GQDs in carbon soot, based on the amount extracted in ethanol, was about 10%. This means that the production rate of GQDs was about 4 g/h. The average size of GQDs, with a relatively narrow size distribution, was controlled by varying the length of the carbon tube attached. It was about 10, 14, and 19 nm when the length was 5, 10, and 20 cm, respectively. The electric structure based on the photoluminescence data of our GQDs had a singlet ground state and was in good agreement with that of carbyne. Our GQDs will disperse in organic solvents such as toluene, but not in water. The dispersion properties also support that our GQDs have carbyne-like edges. We proposed that the PL peaks observed can be attributed to electronic transitions between energy levels of the GQDs having carbyne-like edges.
Identification of a Novel Na+/myo-Inositol Cotransporter (2002)

rkST1, an orphan cDNA of the SLC5 family (43% identical in sequence to the sodium myo-inositol cotransporter SMIT), was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes that were subsequently voltage-clamped and exposed to likely substrates. Whereas superfusion with glucose and other sugars produced a small inward current, the largest current was observed with myo-inositol. The expressed protein, which we have named SMIT2, cotransports myo-inositol with a K(m) of 120 microm and displays a current-voltage relationship similar to that seen with SMIT (now called SMIT1). The transport is Na(+)-dependent, with a K(m) of 13 mm. SMIT2 exhibits phlorizin-inhibitable presteady-state currents and substrate-independent "Na(+) leak" currents similar to those of related cotransporters. The steady-state cotransport current is also phlorizin-inhibitable with a K(i) of 76 microm. SMIT2 exhibits stereospecific cotransport of both d-glucose and d-xylose but does not transport fucose. In addition, SMIT2 (but not SMIT1) transports d-chiro-inositol. Based on previous publications, the tissue distribution of SMIT2 is different from that of SMIT1, and the existence of this second cotransporter may explain much of the heterogeneity that has been reported for inositol transport.
Penning type magnetron sputtering source and its use in the production of carbon nitride coatings (1999)

This article describes the design and construction of a Penning type sputter magnetron which is referred to as the Dimag source. This device is capable of producing intense discharges at pressures well below those obtainable using a conventional magnetron source. Expressions used to describe the associated magnetic field are highlighted. An account of the effective potential well as seen by charged species within the plasma is given. Various operational parameters are described. The device is used to produce carbon nitride coatings with high atomic percent nitrogen incorporation.
Dengue vaccines: Challenges, development, current status and prospects (2015)

Infection with dengue virus (DENV) is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. The clinical spectrum of dengue, caused by any of the four serotypes of DENV, ranges from mild self-limiting dengue fever to severe dengue, in the form dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Increased rates of hospitalization due to severe dengue, during outbreaks, result in massive economic losses and strained health services. In the absence of specific antiviral therapy, control of transmission of DENV by vector management is the sole method available for decreasing dengue-associated morbidity. Since vector control strategies alone have not been able to satisfactorily achieve reduction in viral transmission, the implementation of a safe, efficacious and cost-effective dengue vaccine as a supplementary measure is a high public health priority. However, the unique and complex immunopathology of dengue has complicated vaccine development. Dengue vaccines have also been challenged by critical issues like lack of animal models for the disease and absence of suitable markers of protective immunity. Although no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available, several vaccine candidates are under phases of development, including live attenuated virus vaccines, live chimeric virus vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines and viral-vectored vaccines. Although some vaccine candidates have progressed from animal trials to phase II and III in humans, a number of issues regarding implementation of dengue vaccine in countries like India still need to be addressed. Despite the current limitations, collaborative effects of regulatory bodies like World Health Organization with vaccine manufacturers and policy makers, to facilitate vaccine development and standardize field trials can make a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine a reality in near future.
Novel Thermally Conductive Thermoplastic/Ceramic Composite Foams (2012)

Abstract Multifunctional materials that are lightweight and thermally conductive but electrically insulating are important for modern electronics, computer, and telecommunication technologies. Here, a novel foam structure of a polymer/matrix composite filled with ceramic platelets with improved thermal conductivity is reported. Such improvement is caused by the stress‐induced alignment of thermally conductive fillers in the cell wall of the plastic foam. The foam structure is very promising for use as a lightweight electronic packaging material owing to its light weight, thermal conduction ability, electrical insulation, and good processability. magnified image
Selection Techniques for Dense and Occluded Virtual 3D Environments, Supported by Depth Feedback: Double, Bound and Depth Bubble Cursors (2010)

In 3D Graphic Environments the selection of an object can be hampered by other objects. This occurs when the object becomes occluded by others. The probability of this happening is high if there are many objects in the scene. Over the years, this problem has been addressed by developing various techniques of selection, in order to provide a good mechanism to manipulate objects in a 3D virtual environment. These techniques have been evolving as they solved the problems of their predecessors. Although the third dimension is the distinguishing characteristic of these environments, the best among them does not take depth feedback as an important factor. Therefore, this document addresses this deficiency through the creation of three techniques based on that feedback.
Differential Role of Actin, Clathrin, and Dynamin in Fcγ Receptor-mediated Endocytosis and Phagocytosis (2003)

Clustering of macrophage Fc gamma receptors by multimeric immunoglobulin complexes leads to their internalization. Formation of small aggregates leads to endocytosis, whereas large particulate complexes induce phagocytosis. In RAW-264.7 macrophages, Fc gamma receptor endocytosis was found to be dependent on clathrin and dynamin and insensitive to cytochalasin. Clathrin also associates with nascent phagosomes, and earlier observations suggested that it plays an essential role in phagosome formation. However, we find that phagocytosis of IgG-coated large (> or =3 microm) particles was unaffected by inhibition of dynamin or by reducing the expression of clathrin using antisense mRNA but was eliminated by cytochalasin, implying a distinct mechanism dependent on actin assembly. The uptake of smaller particles (< or =1 microm) was only partially blocked by cytochalasin. Remarkably, the cytochalasin-resistant component was also insensitive to dominant-negative dynamin I and to clathrin antisense mRNA, implying the existence of a third internalization mechanism, independent of actin, dynamin, and clathrin. The uptake of small particles occurred by a process distinct from fluid phase pinocytosis, because it was not inhibited by dominant-negative Rab5. The insensitivity of phagocytosis to dominant-negative dynamin I enabled us to test the role of dynamin in phagosomal maturation. Although internalization of receptors from the plasma membrane was virtually eliminated by the K44A and S45N mutants of dynamin I, clearance of transferrin receptors and of CD18 from maturing phagosomes was unaffected by these mutants. This implies that removal of receptors from the phagosomal membrane occurs by a mechanism that is different from the one mediating internalization of the same receptors at the plasma membrane. These results imply that, contrary to prevailing notions, normal dynamin and clathrin function is not required for phagocytosis and reveal the existence of a component of phagocytosis that is independent of actin and Rab5.
Bevacizumab: A Treatment Option for Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (2008)

Although the combination of bevacizumab and irinotecan is producing positive results in patients with recurrent GBM, larger, randomized clinical trials need to be performed to determine the magnitude of the benefit from bevacizumab. Bevacizumab administered biweekly at a dose of 10 mg/kg in combination with irinotecan may improve progression-free survival.
Quantification of porosity and deposition rate of nanoporous films grown by oblique-angle deposition (2008)

We propose an analytic model that accurately predicts the porosity and deposition rate of nanoporous films grown by oblique-angle deposition. The model employs a single fitting parameter and takes into account geometrical factors as well as surface diffusion. We have determined the porosity and deposition rate from the measured refractive index and thickness of SiO2 and indium tin oxide nanoporous films deposited at various incident angles. Comparison of experimental data with the model reveals excellent agreement. The theoretical model allows for the predictive control of refractive index, porosity, and deposition rate for a wide range of deposition angles and materials.
High average power, high energy 155 μm ultra-short pulse laser beam delivery using large mode area hollow core photonic band-gap fiber (2011)

We demonstrate high average power, high energy 1.55 μm ultra-short pulse (<1 ps) laser delivery using helium-filled and argon-filled large mode area hollow core photonic band-gap fibers and compare relevant performance parameters. The ultra-short pulse laser beam-with pulse energy higher than 7 μJ and pulse train average power larger than 0.7 W-is output from a 2 m long hollow core fiber with diffraction limited beam quality. We introduce a pulse tuning mechanism of argon-filled hollow core photonic band-gap fiber. We assess the damage threshold of the hollow core photonic band-gap fiber and propose methods to further increase pulse energy and average power handling.
Speech rate and rhythm in Parkinson's disease (2008)

Articulatory rate and pause time in a standardized reading task in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in correlation to disease duration and severity as compared to healthy controls were analyzed. In 121 PD patients and 70 healthy controls, an acoustical analysis was performed on the first and last sentence of a standardized 170-syllabic text, using a commercial audio software. Articulatory rate and speech to pause ratios were calculated by measuring the length of each syllable and each pause both at the end of words and within polysyllabic words. No significant difference in overall articulatory rate was found between PD patients and controls. Both groups showed an accelerated speech rate in the last sentence compared to the first; however, PD patients had a higher speech acceleration than did controls. PD patients exhibited a significantly reduced percental pause duration in relation to total speech time in the first sentence and a reduced percental pause time within polysyllabic words. PD patients made significantly less but longer pauses at the end of words and less pauses within polysyllabic words. UPDRS III showed an inverse relation to number and rate of intraword pauses, and disease duration was negatively correlated with articulatory rate. The characteristics of parkinsonian speech feature was not only a stronger acceleration of articulation rate in the course of speaking but also a significant reduction of the total numbers of pauses, indicating an impaired speech rhythm and timing organization.
Adaptive Guideline-based Treatment Workflows with AdaptFlow (2004)

One goal in modern medicine is to increase the treatment quality. A major step towards this aim is to support the execution of standardized, guideline-based clinical protocols, which are used in many medical domains, e.g., for oncological chemotherapies. Standardized chemotherapy protocols contain detailed and structured therapy plans describing the single therapy steps (e.g., examinations or drug applications). Therefore, workflow management systems offer good support for these processes. However, the treatment of a particular patient often requires modifications due to unexpected infections, toxicities, or social factors. The modifications are described in the treatment protocol but not as part of the standard process. To be able to further execute the therapy workflows in case of exceptions running workflows have to be adapted dynamically. Furthermore, the physician should be supported by automated exception detection and decision support for derivation of necessary modifications. The AdaptFlow prototype offers the required support for the field of oncological chemotherapies by enhancing a workflow system with dynamic workflow adaptation and rule based decision support for exception detection and handling.
Faster join-projects and sparse matrix multiplications (2009)

Computing an equi-join followed by a duplicate eliminating projection is conventionally done by performing the two operations in serial. If some join attribute is projected away the intermediate result may be much larger than both the input and the output, and the computation could therefore potentially be performed faster by a direct procedure that does not produce such a large intermediate result. We present a new algorithm that has smaller intermediate results on worst-case inputs, and in particular is more efficient in both the RAM and I/O model. It is easy to see that join-project where the join attributes are projected away is equivalent to boolean matrix multiplication. Our results can therefore also be interpreted as improved sparse, output-sensitive matrix multiplication.
Glutathione supplementation during cold ischemia does not confer early functional advantage in renal transplantation. (2000)

Despite recommendations by the manufacturer that UW solution be routinely supplemented with GSH, supplemental GSH does not influence early renal allograft function. Our data suggest that a far greater beneficial impact on early graft function is achieved by machine perfusion. We conclude that GSH supplementation of commercially available UW is not necessary.
User-Controlled Dynamic Access Credential Enrichment for Run-time Service Selection (2012)

Dynamic run-time selection and sourcing of service components provide considerable potential in todays changing business world. They provide means to counter agility, flexibility and the ability to integrate applications originating from systems of different security domains. While the advantages are obvious strong implications to security in general and authorization and access control in particular do exist. In this paper we present an infrastructure-based approach for en-route dynamic credential enrichment. It enables dynamic replacement of access-restricted service instances by implementing runtime supplementation of security tokens. If authorized, a security intermediary accesses user profiles and retrieves security tokens supplied by identity providers and needed for access control at dynamically selected access-restricted service instances.
Cyclic AMP inhibits expression of the IL-2 gene through the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) site, and transfection of NF-AT cDNAs abrogates the sensitivity of EL-4 cells to cyclic AMP. (1995)

cAMP inhibits PMA-induced IL-2 production at the transcriptional level in EL-4, a mouse lymphoma line. The region of the mouse IL-2 promoter covering positions from -321 to +46 relative to the transcription initiation site is required for activation by PMA and inhibition by cAMP. This region contains the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), AP-1, and Oct binding sites, and the role of each element in responding to PMA and/or cAMP signals was characterized. The IL-2 promoter carrying mutations in each element reduced response to PMA while it retained sensitivity to cAMP, thereby suggesting that multiple elements contribute to positive and negative responses to PMA and cAMP, respectively. Using reporter plasmid carrying multiple copies of each element, we then found that the NF-AT construct was most effective in responding to PMA activation and to cAMP inhibition. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that, after exposure of cells to Bt2cAMP, NF-AT binding complex changed in amount or in mobility as a function of time. Furthermore, overexpression of the cytoplasmic component of NF-AT abrogated the inhibitory action of cAMP. These results indicate that the NF-AT site is a target of the inhibitory action of cAMP. In addition, binding of the NF-kappa B (p50/p65) heterodimer to the NF-kappa B site was inhibited by cAMP. Taken together, our data show that cAMP in EL-4 cells inhibits mouse IL-2 gene transcription through cis regulatory elements that include the NF-AT site as well as the NF-kappa B site.
Isomerizing Hydroformylation of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (2017)

Abstract A small library of bisphosphorus ligands was evaluated in the rhodium‐catalyzed isomerizing hydroformylation (I‐HF) of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The rhodium complex of 1,2‐bis((di‐ tert ‐butylphosphanyl)methyl)benzene (BDTBPMB; L4 ) outperformed the other bisphosphite and bisphosphine ligands and unveiled a moderate selectivity of 28 % and 50 % in the I‐HF of CNSL monoene and methoxy‐protected monoene, respectively. The resultant aldehyde 16‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)hexadecanal P1′ was isolated and its identity was fully established. Application of bis‐phosphine ligand L4 in the I‐HF of highly challenging CNSL cardanol ( S3 ) and methoxy‐protected CNSL cardanol yielded a linear selectivity of 74 %, although with reduced conversion. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of our strategy, the obtained aldehyde (derived from S3 ) was subjected to hydrogenation and the resultant 3‐(16‐hydroxyhexadecyl) phenol ( P8 ) was isolated in 89 % isolated yield. High‐pressure NMR investigation revealed selective formation of a bis‐equatorial BDTBPMB–rhodium complex, which might be responsible for the excellent linear selectivity.