gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pangloss (2018)

Entity linking is the task of mapping potentially ambiguous terms in text to their constituent entities in a knowledge base like Wikipedia. This is useful for organizing content, extracting structured data from textual documents, and in machine learning relevance applications like semantic search, knowledge graph construction, and question answering. Traditionally, this work has focused on text that has been well-formed, like news articles, but in common real world datasets such as messaging, resumes, or short-form social media, non-grammatical, loosely-structured text adds a new dimension to this problem. This paper presents Pangloss, a production system for entity disambiguation on noisy text. Pangloss combines a probabilistic linear-time key phrase identification algorithm with a semantic similarity engine based on context-dependent document embeddings to achieve better than state-of-the-art results (>5% in F1) compared to other research or commercially available systems. In addition, Pangloss leverages a local embedded database with a tiered architecture to house its statistics and metadata, which allows rapid disambiguation in streaming contexts and on-device disambiguation in low-memory environments such as mobile phones.
Synthesis and biological activities of highly potent antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone. (1994)

In the search for antagonists of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (hGHRH) with high activity, 22 analogs were synthesized by solid-phase methods, purified, and tested biologically. Within the N-terminal sequence of 28 or 29 amino acids of hGHRH, all the analogs contained D-Arg2, Phe(4-Cl)6 (para-chlorophenylalanine), Abu15 (alpha-aminobutyric acid), and Nle27 and most of them had Agm29 (agmatine) substituents. All the peptides, except one, were acylated at the N terminus with different hydrophobic acids--e.g., isobutyric acid (Ibu) or 1-naphthylacetic acid (Nac) in order to study the effect of N-terminal acylation on the antagonistic activity. In the superfused rat pituitary cell system, all the analogs inhibited more powerfully the GHRH-induced growth hormone (GH) release than the standard GHRH antagonist [Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2]hGHRH-(1-29)NH2. Antagonists [Ibu0,D-Arg2,Phe(4-Cl)6,Abu15,Nle27]hGHRH-(1-28) Agm (MZ-4-71), [Nac0,D-Arg2,Phe(4-Cl)6,Abu15,Nle27]hGHRH-(1-28) Agm (MZ-4-243), [Nac0,D-Arg2,Phe(4-Cl)6,Abu15,Nle27]hGHRH-(1-29) NH2 (MZ-4-169), [Nac0-His1,D-Arg2,Phe(4-Cl)6,Abu15,Nle27]-hGH RH-(1-29)NH2 (MZ-4-181), and [Nac0,D-Arg2,Phe(4-Cl)6,Abu15,Nle27,Asp28]hGH RH-(1-28)Agm (MZ-4-209) inhibited GH release at 3 x 10(-9) M. Among these peptides, MZ-4-243, MZ-4-169, and MZ-4-181 were also long acting in vitro. Antagonist MZ-4-243 inhibited GH release 100 times more powerfully than the standard antagonist and was the most potent in vitro among GHRH antagonists synthesized. Analogs with high inhibitory effects in vitro were also found to have high affinities to rat pituitary GHRH receptors. In experiments in vivo, antagonists [Ibu0,D-Arg2,Phe(4-Cl)6,Abu15,Nle27]-hGHRH-(1-28 )Agm (MZ-4-71), [Nac0,D-Arg2,Phe(4-Cl)6,Abu15,Nle27]hGHRH-(1-29) NH2 (MZ-4-169), and [Nac0-His1,D-Arg2,Phe(4-Cl)6,Abu15,Nle27]hGHR H-(1-29)NH2 (MZ-4-181) induced a significantly greater inhibition of GH release than the standard antagonist. In view of their high antagonistic activity and prolonged duration of action, some of these antagonists of GHRH may find clinical applications, including treatment of certain endocrine disorders and insulin-like growth factor I-dependent tumors.
CD99 Is a Key Mediator of the Transendothelial Migration of Neutrophils (2007)

Transendothelial migration of leukocytes is a critical event for inflammation, but the molecular regulation of this event is only beginning to be understood. PECAM (CD31) is a major mediator of monocyte and neutrophil transmigration, and CD99 was recently defined as a second mediator of the transmigration of monocytes. Expression of CD99 on the surface of circulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) is low compared with expression of CD99 on monocytes or expression of PECAM on PMN. We demonstrate here that, despite low expression of CD99, Fab of Abs against CD99 blocked over 80% of human neutrophils from transmigrating across HUVEC monolayers in an in vitro model of inflammation. Blocking CD99 on either the neutrophil or endothelial cell side resulted in a quantitatively equivalent block, suggesting a homophilic interaction between CD99 on the neutrophil and CD99 on the endothelial cell. Blocking CD99 and PECAM together resulted in additive effects, suggesting the two molecules work at distinct steps. Confocal microscopy confirmed that CD99-blocked neutrophils lodged in endothelial cell junctions at locations distal to PECAM-blocked neutrophils. The CD99-blocked PMN exhibited dynamic lateral movement within endothelial cell junctions, indicating that only the diapedesis step was blocked by interference with CD99. Anti-CD99 mAb also blocked PMN transmigration in a second in vitro model that incorporated shear stress. Taken together, the evidence demonstrates that PECAM and CD99 regulate distinct, sequential steps in the transendothelial migration of neutrophils during inflammation.
Construction of a Recombinant Bacillus velezensis Strain as an Integrated Control Agent Against Plant Diseases and Insect Pests (2009)

To construct a new recombinant strain of Bacillus velezensis that has antifungal and insecticidal activity via the expression of the insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein, a B. thuringiensis expression vector (pHT1K-1Ac) was generated that contained the B. thuringiensis cry1Ac gene under the control of its endogenous promoter in a minimal E. coli-B. thuringiensis shuttle vector (pHT1K). This vector was introduced into a B. velezensis isolate that showed high antifungal activities against several plant diseases, including rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea), rice sheath blight (Rhizotonia solani), tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita), by electroporation. The recombinant B. velezensis strain was confirmed by PCR using cry1Ac-specific primers. Additionally, the recombinant strain produced a protein approximately 130 kDa in size and parasporal inclusion bodies similar to B. thuringiensis. The in vivo antifungal activity assay demonstrated that the activity of the recombinant B. velezensis strain was maintained at the same level as that of wild-type B. velezensis. Furthermore, it exhibited high insecticidal activity against a lepidopteran pest, Plutella xylostella, although its activity was lower than that of a recombinant B. thuringiensis strain, whereas wild-type B. velezensis strain did not show any insecticidal activity. These results suggest that this recombinant B. velezensis strain can be used to control harmful insect pests and fungal diseases simultaneously in one crop.
Controlling discharge valve closing impact in scroll machines (1998)

This paper analyzes scroll wrap geometry with respect to volumetric outflow at the time of porting and it's influence on valve reed position and closing impact.A relation including displacement rate at the time of porting is developed to show how geometry of the inner wrap and the compressor operating conditions influence discharge valve impact.Tradeoffs in selecting profiles for minimum impact and low clearance volume are analyzed.NOMENCLATURE Pdvdensity in clearance volume under valve Abport area under valve AP-port area leading to intermediate chamber Avarea of valve opening Cvalve damping cspeed of sound Cccritical damping cdcoefficient of contraction of vena contracta cvcorrection in speed of sound for vena contracta ebase ofnaturallogarithms Hscroll compressor wrap height kpolytropic coefficient Kvalve stif.frzessLclearance volume length mmass flow rate through the port Mvvalve mass Pd-pressure in discharge pipe P dv-pressure in control volume Rslength of vector nonnal to scroll wrap profile Rglength of vector tangential to scroll wrap profile Rororbiting scroll orbit t 0 -time at start ofbackjlow Vclearance volume zvalve distance from the seat z'valve velocity z"valve acceleration
An Improved Method of Total Variation Superiorization Applied to\n Reconstruction in Proton Computed Tomography (2018)

Previous work showed that total variation superiorization (TVS) improves\nreconstructed image quality in proton computed tomography (pCT). The structure\nof the TVS algorithm has evolved since then and this work investigated if this\nnew algorithmic structure provides additional benefits to pCT image quality.\nStructural and parametric changes introduced to the original TVS algorithm\nincluded: (1) inclusion or exclusion of TV reduction requirement, (2) a\nvariable number, $N$, of TV perturbation steps per feasibility-seeking\niteration, and (3) introduction of a perturbation kernel $0<\\alpha<1$. The\nstructural change of excluding the TV reduction requirement check tended to\nhave a beneficial effect for $3\\le N\\le 6$ and allows full parallelization of\nthe TVS algorithm. Repeated perturbations per feasibility-seeking iterations\nreduced total variation (TV) and material dependent standard deviations for\n$3\\le N\\le 6$. The perturbation kernel $\\alpha$, equivalent to $\\alpha=0.5$ in\nthe original TVS algorithm, reduced TV and standard deviations as $\\alpha$ was\nincreased beyond $\\alpha=0.5$, but negatively impacted reconstructed relative\nstopping power (RSP) values for $\\alpha>0.75$. The reductions in TV and\nstandard deviations allowed feasibility-seeking with a larger relaxation\nparameter $\\lambda$ than previously used, without the corresponding increases\nin standard deviations experienced with the original TVS algorithm. This work\ndemonstrates that the modifications related to the evolution of the original\nTVS algorithm provide benefits in terms of both pCT image quality and\ncomputational efficiency for appropriately chosen parameter values.\n
Least Squares Superposition Codes of Moderate Dictionary Size Are Reliable at Rates up to Capacity (2012)

For the additive white Gaussian noise channel with average codeword power constraint, coding methods are analyzed in which the codewords are sparse superpositions, that is, linear combinations of subsets of vectors from a given design, with the possible messages indexed by the choice of subset. Decoding is by least squares (maximum likelihood), tailored to the assumed form of codewords being linear combinations of elements of the design. Communication is shown to be reliable with error probability exponentially small for all rates up to the Shannon capacity.
Biodegradable cross-linked albumin microcapsules for embolization (1984)

The interfacial polymerization process used in the present study produced individual cross-linked albumin microcapsules, the particle size of which depended on the emulsification stirring rate. The variation in cross-linking agent concentration altered the microcapsule wall properties. As shown by SEM observations, microcapsules prepared with low acyl chloride concentrations presented rippled surfaces, while the surfaces of the microcapsules prepared with high acyl chloride concentrations were smooth. It was then suggested that the membranes of the weakly cross-linked microcapsules consisted of cross-linked and denatured albumin. Embolization experiments in the dog kidney showed that the weakly cross-linked microcapsules were biodegradable within 7 days, whereas the highly cross-linked microcapsules were degraded over more than 14 days and led to prolonged ischaemia. The results of the histological experiments carried out on a further eight dogs supported the previous findings yielded by the angiographical experiments. Moreover, they indicated that no foreign body reaction occurred. The lack of this inflammatory granuloma should be attributed to the rapid biodegradation of the microcapsules which produced reversible ischaemic lesions.
Anisotropic Quantum Well Electro-Optics in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus (2018)

The incorporation of electrically tunable materials into photonic structures such as waveguides and metasurfaces enables dynamic, electrical control of light propagation at the nanoscale. Few-layer black phosphorus is a promising material for these applications due to its in-plane anisotropic, quantum well band structure, with a direct band gap that can be tuned from 0.3 to 2 eV with a number of layers and subbands that manifest as additional optical transitions across a wide range of energies. In this Letter, we report an experimental investigation of three different, anisotropic electro-optic mechanisms that allow electrical control of the complex refractive index in few-layer black phosphorus from the mid-infrared to the visible: Pauli-blocking of intersubband optical transitions (the Burstein-Moss effect); the quantum-confined Stark effect; and the modification of quantum well selection rules by a symmetry-breaking, applied electric field. These effects generate near-unity tuning of the BP oscillator strength for some material thicknesses and photon energies, along a single in-plane crystal axis, transforming absorption from highly anisotropic to nearly isotropic. Lastly, the anisotropy of these electro-optical phenomena results in dynamic control of linear dichroism and birefringence, a promising concept for active control of the complex polarization state of light, or propagation direction of surface waves.
Burst arbitrary millimeter waveform generation via a direct space-to-time optical pulse shaper (2003)

We demonstrate a novel, direct space-to-time optical pulse shaping technique for the generation of burst millimeter-wave signals at center frequencies approaching 50 GHz. By appropriately tailoring the optical pulse sequences driving a high-speed optical-to-electrical converter, we generate arbitrarily phase- and frequency-modulated millimeter waveforms.
Analysis of subcutaneous swine fat <i>via</i> deep Raman spectroscopy using a fiber-optic probe (2020)

Since the fat content of pork is a deciding factor in meat quality grading, the use of a noninvasive subcutaneous probe for real-time in situ monitoring of the fat components is of importance to vendors and other interested parties. In this work, we developed a spectroscopic method using a fiber-optic probe for subcutaneous fat analysis that utilizes spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). Here, normalized Raman spectra were acquired as a function of spatial offset, and the relative composition of fat-to-skin was determined. We found that the Raman intensity ratio varied disproportionately depending on the fat content and that the variations of the slope were correlated to the thickness of the fat layer. Furthermore, ordinary least square (OLS) regression using two components indicated that the depth-resolved SORS spectra reflected the relative thickness of the fat layer. We concluded that the local distribution of subcutaneous fat could be measured noninvasively using a pair of fiber-optic probes.
A level set-based framework for 3D kidney segmentation from diffusion MR images (2015)

Developing any non-invasive computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system for the diagnosis of kidney diseases essentially requires the extraction of the kidney from medical images. We propose a shape based level-set framework for 3D kidney segmentation from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). A stochastic speed relationship is used to control the deformable model evolutions. This speed relationship is based on an adaptive shape prior guided by the first- and second-order visual appearance features of the DW-MRI data. These pre-mentioned image features are integrated into a joint Markov-Gibbs random field (MGRF) model of the kidney and its background. DW-MRI data sets from eight subjects acquired at different b-values ranging from 0 to 1000 s/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are tested using a leave-one-subject-out method to evaluate the proposed segmentation approach, and to compare its performance with other segmentation methods using three evaluation metrics: the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), the 95-percentile modified Hausdorff distance, and the absolute kidney volume difference. Robustness and accuracy of the proposed approach are confirmed through the experimental results' evaluation between manually drawn and automatically segmented contours.
Protective circuit for electroacoustic transducer with Hall element and voice coil temperature rise time constant circuit (1979)

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Routing and design in k-shared networks (2004)

Fast shared restoration is critical to the success of WDM mesh networking. A restricted form of sharing called K-sharing was recently proposed, which allows rapid, signaling-free restoration. However, the routing and design algorithms used for traditional shared restoration do not work for this scheme. Also, K-sharing can potentially increase capacity requirements in the network because it limits sharing. In this paper, we present novel routing and design algorithms for K-shared networks. We also show that a practical version of the routing problem is NP-hard and present heuristics to solve it. We also summarize experimental results demonstrating that the additional capacity requirements imposed by K-sharing are in fact minimal in practice.
Improved Regularized Reconstruction for Simultaneous Multi-Slice Cardiac MRI T<sub>1</sub> Mapping (2019)

Myocardial <i>T</i> <sub>1</sub> mapping is a quantitative MRI technique that has found great clinical utility in the detection of various heart disease. These acquisitions typically require three breath-holds, leading to long scan durations and patient discomfort. Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging has been shown to reduce the scan time of myocardial <i>T</i> <sub>1</sub> mapping to a single breath-hold without sacrificing coverage, albeit at reduced precision. In this work, we propose a new reconstruction strategy for SMS imaging that combines the advantages of two different k-space interpolation strategies, while allowing for regularization, in order to improve the precision of accelerated mycordial <i>T</i> <sub>1</sub> mapping.
Determination of medullasin levels for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (2000)

This newly developed enzyme immunoassay method for medullasin is considered to be a useful paraclinical test for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
A circuit for the correction of pixel defects in image sensors (1998)

This paper describes an analog circuit which eliminates visible pixel faults from a video signal. The chip is coupled directly to an image sensor to enhance its cosmetic image quality. It operates with a pixel rate up to 10 MHz. The algorithm in the ASIC limits the value of every individual pixel between upper and lower bounds which are derived from the values of the pixels in its immediate neighborhood. The article describes this algorithm, and its analog domain implementation. This small circuit can also be used as a part of the readout electronics of a CMOS image sensor. A limited number of pixel defects can then be tolerated.
Automatic Chromosome Classification using Deep Attention Based Sequence Learning of Chromosome Bands (2018)

Chromosome Karyotyping refers to the task of segmenting and classifying individual chromosome images obtained from stained cell images microphotographed during the metaphase stage of cell division. The karyotyped images are useful for diagnosis of genetic disorders such as down syndrome, turner syndrome and certain types of cancers. In many hospitals and labs, a significant amount of manual effort and time is spent on segmenting and classifying the individual chromosome images. Recently, deep learning models have been applied to automate this task with promising results. An important characteristic of a chromosome is the presence of sequence of dark and light bands produced by giemsa staining which is used by cytogeneticists to manually perform karyotyping. We propose Residual Convolutional Recurrent Attention Neural Network (Res-CRANN) which exploits this property of band sequence for chromo-some classification. Res-CRANN is end-to-end trainable in which a sequence of feature vectors, extracted from the feature maps produced by convolutional layers of Residual neural networks (ResNet) is fed into Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and subsequently, an attention mechanism is applied on top of RNN output sequences which are further classified into one of the 24 labels. The attention mechanism after recurrent layers facilitates the network to learn to pay selective attention to the sequence of bands and relate them to different classes of chromosomes. We demonstrate the proposed architecture's efficacy on a publicly available Bioimage chromosome classification dataset and observe that our model outperforms the baseline models created using traditional deep convolutional neural network and ResNet-50 by approximately 3% Top-1 classification accuracy.
Zonally magnified EPI in real time by NMR (1988)

To overcome the problems of gradient strength, large receiver bandwidth and computing time in nuclear magnetic resonance real-time echo-planar imaging (EPI) with large pixel arrays, the concept of zonal image magnification or zoomed EPI (ZEPI) is introduced. The image zone is defined by two selective RF pulses and the receiver bandwidth. For a fixed image array size it is shown that zooming requires less gradient strength to achieve a given spatial resolution than in an equivalent unzoomed image. Two different zoom techniques are described, ZEPI-1 and ZEPI-2, which employ a single and a double pulse sequence respectively. Experimental results obtained with these sequences on a phantom and a live piglet are presented.
HOLMES: Effective statistical debugging via efficient path profiling (2009)

Statistical debugging aims to automate the process of isolating bugs by profiling several runs of the program and using statistical analysis to pinpoint the likely causes of failure. In this paper, we investigate the impact of using richer program profiles such as path profiles on the effectiveness of bug isolation. We describe a statistical debugging tool called HOLMES that isolates bugs by finding paths that correlate with failure. We also present an adaptive version of HOLMES that uses iterative, bug-directed profiling to lower execution time and space overheads. We evaluate HOLMES using programs from the SIR benchmark suite and some large, real-world applications. Our results indicate that path profiles can help isolate bugs more precisely by providing more information about the context in which bugs occur. Moreover, bug-directed profiling can efficiently isolate bugs with low overheads, providing a scalable and accurate alternative to sparse random sampling.
Undersampled projection-reconstruction imaging for time-resolved contrast-enhanced imagingPresented in part at the 7th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, May 22–28, 1999, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (2000)

In time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography, spatial resolution is traded for high temporal resolution. A hybrid method is presented that attempts to reduce this tradeoff in two of the spatial dimensions. It combines an undersampled projection acquisition in two dimensions with variable rate k-space sampling in the third. Spatial resolution in the projection plane is determined by readout resolution and is limited primarily by signal-to-noise ratio. Oversampling the center of k-space combined with temporal k-space interpolation provides time frames with minimal venous contamination. Results demonstrating improved resolution in phantoms and volunteers are presented using angular undersampling factors up to eight with acceptable projection reconstruction artifacts. Magn Reson Med 43:170–176, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.