gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a robust flow cytometric assay for determining numbers of viable bacteria (1995)

Several fluorescent probes were evaluated as indicators of bacterial viability by flow cytometry. The probes monitor a number of biological factors that are altered during loss of viability. The factors include alterations in membrane permeability, monitored by using fluorogenic substrates and fluorescent intercalating dyes such as propidium iodide, and changes in membrane potential, monitored by using fluorescent cationic and anionic potential-sensitive probes. Of the fluorescent reagents examined, the fluorescent anionic membrane potential probe bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol [DiBAC(inf4)(3)] proved the best candidate for use as a general robust viability marker and is a promising choice for use in high-throughput assays. With this probe, live and dead cells within a population can be identified and counted 10 min after sampling. There was a close correlation between viable counts determined by flow cytometry and by standard CFU assays for samples of untreated cells. The results indicate that flow cytometry is a sensitive analytical technique that can rapidly monitor physiological changes of individual microorganisms as a result of external perturbations. The membrane potential probe DiBAC(inf4)(3) provided a robust flow cytometric indicator for bacterial cell viability.
Deep Retinex Decomposition for Low-Light Enhancement (2018)

Retinex model is an effective tool for low-light image enhancement. It assumes that observed images can be decomposed into the reflectance and illumination. Most existing Retinex-based methods have carefully designed hand-crafted constraints and parameters for this highly ill-posed decomposition, which may be limited by model capacity when applied in various scenes. In this paper, we collect a LOw-Light dataset (LOL) containing low/normal-light image pairs and propose a deep Retinex-Net learned on this dataset, including a Decom-Net for decomposition and an Enhance-Net for illumination adjustment. In the training process for Decom-Net, there is no ground truth of decomposed reflectance and illumination. The network is learned with only key constraints including the consistent reflectance shared by paired low/normal-light images, and the smoothness of illumination. Based on the decomposition, subsequent lightness enhancement is conducted on illumination by an enhancement network called Enhance-Net, and for joint denoising there is a denoising operation on reflectance. The Retinex-Net is end-to-end trainable, so that the learned decomposition is by nature good for lightness adjustment. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method not only achieves visually pleasing quality for low-light enhancement but also provides a good representation of image decomposition.
Vertically Oriented Femoral Neck Fractures: Mechanical Analysis of Four Fixation Techniques (2007)

The strongest construct for stabilizing a vertical shear femoral neck fracture is the proximal femoral locking plate, followed in descending order by the dynamic condylar screw, the dynamic hip screw, and the 3 cannulated screw configuration.
Failure of cAMP agonists to activate rescued ΔF508 CFTR in CFBE41o<sup>–</sup>airway epithelial monolayers (2005)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cyclic AMP-regulated chloride channel. Mutations in the CFTR gene result in cystic fibrosis (CF). The most common mutation, deltaF508, results in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of CFTR. DeltaF508 CFTR has been described as a temperature-sensitive mutation that can be rescued following growth at 27 degrees C. In order to study the processing and function of wild-type and rescued deltaF508 CFTR at the cell surface under non-polarized and polarized conditions, we developed stable cell lines expressing deltaF508 or wild-type CFTR. CFBE41o- is a human airway epithelial cell line capable of forming high resistance, polarized monolayers when cultured on permeable supports, while HeLa cells are normally grown under non-polarizing conditions. Immunoprecipitation, cell surface biotinylation, immunofluorescence, and functional assays confirmed the presence of deltaF508 CFTR at the cell surface in both cell lines after incubating the cells for 48 h at 27 degrees C. However, stimulators of wild-type CFTR such as forskolin, beta2-adrenergic or A2B-adenosine receptor agonists failed to activate rescued deltaF508 CFTR in CFBE41o- monolayers. Rescued deltaF508 CFTR could be stimulated with genistein independent of pretreatment with cAMP signalling agonists. Interestingly, rescued deltaF508 CFTR in HeLa cells could be efficiently stimulated with either forskolin or genistein to promote Cl- transport. These results indicate that deltaF508 CFTR, when rescued in CFBE41o- human airway epithelial cells, is poorly responsive to signalling pathways known to regulate wild-type CFTR. Furthermore, the differences in rescue and activation of deltaF508 CFTR in the two cell lines suggest that cell-type specific differences in deltaF508 CFTR processing are likely to complicate efforts to identify potentiators and/or correctors of the deltaF508 defect.
Low-Frequency Magnetic Noise in Micron-Scale Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2000)

We have observed low-frequency noise due to quasiequilibrium thermal magnetization fluctuations in micron-scale magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). This strongly field-dependent magnetic noise occurs within the magnetic hysteresis loops, either as 1/f or Lorentzian (random telegraph) noise. We attribute it to the thermally excited hopping of magnetic domain walls between pinning sites. Our results show that magnetic stability is a crucial factor in reducing the low-frequency noise in small MTJs.
Mechanism of Hydrodenitrogenation on Phosphides and Sulfides (2004)

The mechanism of hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of 2-methylpiperidine was studied over a silica-supported nickel phosphide catalyst (Ni2P/SiO2, Ni/P = 1/2) and a commercial Ni-Mo-S/Al2O3 catalyst in a three-phase trickle-bed reactor operated at 3.1 MPa and 450-600 K. Analysis of the product distribution as a function of contact time indicated that the reaction proceeded in both cases predominantly by a substitution mechanism, with a smaller contribution of an elimination mechanism. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the 2-methylpiperidine indicated that at reaction conditions a piperidinium ion intermediate was formed on both the sulfide and the phosphide. It is concluded that the mechanism of HDN on nickel phosphide is very similar to that on sulfides. The mechanism on the nickel phosphide was also probed by comparing the reactivity of piperidine and several of its derivatives in the presence of 3000 ppm S. The relative elimination rates depended on the structure of the molecules, and followed the sequence: 4-methylpiperidine approximately piperidine > 3-methylpiperidine > 2,6-dimethylpiperidine > 2-methylpiperidine. [Chemical structure: see text] This order of reactivity was not dependent on the number of alpha-H or beta-H atoms in the molecules, ruling out their reaction through a single, simple mechanism. It is likely that the unhindered piperidine molecules reacted by an S(N)2 substitution process and the more hindered 2,6-dimethylpiperidine reacted by an E2 elimination process.
miR-218 is essential to establish motor neuron fate as a downstream effector of Isl1–Lhx3 (2015)

While microRNAs have emerged as an important component of gene regulatory networks, it remains unclear how microRNAs collaborate with transcription factors in the gene networks that determines neuronal cell fate. Here we show that in the developing spinal cord, the expression of miR-218 is directly upregulated by the Isl1–Lhx3 complex, which drives motor neuron fate. Inhibition of miR-218 suppresses the generation of motor neurons in both chick neural tube and mouse embryonic stem cells, suggesting that miR-218 plays a crucial role in motor neuron differentiation. Results from unbiased RISC-trap screens, in vivo reporter assays and overexpression studies indicated that miR-218 directly represses transcripts that promote developmental programs for interneurons. In addition, we found that miR-218 activity is required for Isl1–Lhx3 to effectively induce motor neurons and suppress interneuron fates. Together our results reveal an essential role of miR-218 as a downstream effector of the Isl1–Lhx3 complex in establishing motor neuron identity. microRNAs have emerged as important components of numerous gene regulatory networks. Here the authors demonstrate that miR-218 is an essential component of the gene regulatory network that controls motor neuron fate specification in the developing spinal cord.
Novel fused sensor for photo and ion sensing (2004)

A novel sensor array, which is fused photo-sensors and ion sensors, is proposed and the prototype one was successively fabricated using a CMOS process. On the proposed sensor, a photo sensor and an ion sensor are fused in a same pixel, and photo-signal and ion concentration density are detected in a same sensing area and a same time. Therefore, relationship between light distribution and ion distribution will be clear by using this novel sensor array. The input light power dependences of the photo sensing part were measured, and it can be found that the output signals are proportional to the input light power and there is no influence of the pH value in solutions. The dependences on pH signal were also investigated. It is also found that there is no influence of the light intensity.
Gait phase effects in mobile interaction (2005)

One problem evaluating mobile and wearable devices is that they are used in mobile settings, making it hard to collect usability data. We present a study of tap-based selection of on-screen targets whilst walking and sitting, using a PocketPC instrumented with an accelerometer to collect information about user activity at the time of each tap. From these data the user's gait can be derived, and this is then used to investigate preferred tapping behaviour relative to gait phase, and associated tap accuracy. Results showed that users were more accurate sitting than walking. When walking there were phase regions with significantly increased tap likelihood, and these regions had significantly lower error rates, and lower error variability. This work represents an example of accelerometer-instrumented mobile usability analysis, and the results give a quantitative understanding of the detailed interactions taking place when on the move, allowing us to develop better mobile interfaces.
Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysis in Acid Conditions Using Ruthenate‐Iridate Pyrochlores (2014)

Abstract The pyrochlore solid solution (Na 0.33 Ce 0.67 ) 2 (Ir 1− x Ru x ) 2 O 7 (0≤ x ≤1), containing B‐site Ru IV and Ir IV is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and used as a catalyst layer for electrochemical oxygen evolution from water at pH<7. The materials have atomically mixed Ru and Ir and their nanocrystalline form allows effective fabrication of electrode coatings with improved charge densities over a typical (Ru,Ir)O 2 catalyst. An in situ study of the catalyst layers using XANES spectroscopy at the Ir L III and Ru K edges shows that both Ru and Ir participate in redox chemistry at oxygen evolution conditions and that Ru is more active than Ir, being oxidized by almost one oxidation state at maximum applied potential, with no evidence for ruthenate or iridate in +6 or higher oxidation states.
Delaying future sea-level rise by storing water in Antarctica (2016)

Abstract. Even if greenhouse gas emissions were stopped today, sea level would continue to rise for centuries, with the long-term sea-level commitment of a 2 °C warmer world significantly exceeding 2 m. In view of the potential implications for coastal populations and ecosystems worldwide, we investigate, from an ice-dynamic perspective, the possibility of delaying sea-level rise by pumping ocean water onto the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet. We find that due to wave propagation ice is discharged much faster back into the ocean than would be expected from a pure advection with surface velocities. The delay time depends strongly on the distance from the coastline at which the additional mass is placed and less strongly on the rate of sea-level rise that is mitigated. A millennium-scale storage of at least 80 % of the additional ice requires placing it at a distance of at least 700 km from the coastline. The pumping energy required to elevate the potential energy of ocean water to mitigate the currently observed 3 mm yr−1 will exceed 7 % of the current global primary energy supply. At the same time, the approach offers a comprehensive protection for entire coastlines particularly including regions that cannot be protected by dikes.
Arginine Modifications by Methylglyoxal: Discovery in a Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody and Contribution to Acidic Species (2013)

Heterogeneity is common among protein therapeutics. For example, the so-called acidic species (charge variants) are typically observed when recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are analyzed by weak-cation exchange chromatography (WCX). Several protein post-translational modifications have been established as contributors but still cannot completely account for all heterogeneity. As reported herein, an unexpected modification by methylglyoxal (MGO) was identified, for the first time, in a recombinant monoclonal antibody expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Modifications of arginine residues by methylglyoxal lead to two adducts (dihydroxyimidazolidine and hydroimidazolone) with increases of molecular weights of 72 and 54 Da, respectively. In addition, the modification by methylglyoxal causes the antibody to elute earlier in the weak cation exchange chromatogram. Consequently, the extent to which an antibody was modified at multiple sites corresponds to the degree of shift in elution time. Furthermore, cell culture parameters also affected the extent of modifications by methylglyoxal, a highly reactive metabolite that can be generated from glucose or lipids or other metabolic pathways. Our findings again highlight the impact that cell culture conditions can have on the product quality of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals.
A multidimensional approach to the relationship between mood and weather (1984)

Ten mood variables were related to eight weather variables in a multidimensional study. Data were collected from 24 male subjects over 11 consecutive days. The mood variables were as follows: concentration, cooperation, anxiety, potency, aggression, depression, sleepiness, scepticism, control, and optimism. The weather variables included: hours of sunshine, precipitation, temperature, wind direction, wind velocity, humidity, change in barometric pressure and absolute barometric pressure. Humidity, temperature and hours of sunshine had the greatest effect on mood. High levels of humidity lowered scores on concentration while increasing reports of sleepiness. Rising temperatures lowered anxiety and scepticism mood scores. Humidity was the most significant predictor in regression and canonical correlation analysis. Implications for school and office performance are discussed which highlight the importance of humidity as a weather variable.
Silicon Photomultiplier integrated readout chip (SPIROC) for the ILC: Measurements and possible further development (2009)

The SPIROC chip is a dedicated very front-end ASIC chip for an ILC hadronic calorimeter technical prototype with Silicon Photomultiplier (or MPPC) readout. This ASIC is due to equip a 2,000-channel demonstrator in 2009. The SPIROC chip is the successor of the ILC SiPM ASIC presently used for the ILC AHCAL physics prototype, incorporating additional features like auto-triggering, pipelines, digitization as well as power pulsing. Realized in 0.35 ¿m SiGe technology, it is designed in order to fulfill ILC final detector requirements of large dynamic range, low noise, low power consumption, high precision and large channel numbers. The SPIROC is a 36-channel chip. Each channel has bi-gain amplification, auto-triggering capability, a 16-bit depth analog memory array and a 12-bit wilkinson ADC. It allows time and charge measurements at the same time with digitized data results. The digitization is controlled and read out by the digital part of the chip. After the submission in June 2007, extensive measurements have been carried out to characterize the chip. This chip has been proven to be successful in calorimeter calibration as well as real physics experiments. Besides of the affirming measurement results, possible improvements are proposed in order to make the chip even more versatile in dealing with a large variety of Silicon Photomultipliers.
High-speed quantum networking by ship (2016)

Networked entanglement is an essential component for a plethora of quantum computation and communication protocols. Direct transmission of quantum signals over long distances is prevented by fibre attenuation and the no-cloning theorem, motivating the development of quantum repeaters, designed to purify entanglement, extending its range. Quantum repeaters have been demonstrated over short distances, but error-corrected, global repeater networks with high bandwidth require new technology. Here we show that error corrected quantum memories installed in cargo containers and carried by ship can provide a exible connection between local networks, enabling low-latency, high-fidelity quantum communication across global distances at higher bandwidths than previously proposed. With demonstrations of technology with sufficient fidelity to enable topological error-correction, implementation of the quantum memories is within reach, and bandwidth increases with improvements in fabrication. Our approach to quantum networking avoids technological restrictions of repeater deployment, providing an alternate path to a worldwide Quantum Internet.
Downhole Video Optimizes Scale-Removal Program (1999)

Downhole Video Optimizes Scale-Removal Program J.R. Tague; J.R. Tague Chevron USA Production Co. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar G.F. Hollman; G.F. Hollman Chevron USA Production Co. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar G. Chaffin G. Chaffin DHV Intl Inc. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Western Regional Meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, May 1999. Paper Number: SPE-54600-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/54600-MS Published: May 26 1999 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Tague, J.R., Hollman, G.F., and G. Chaffin. "Downhole Video Optimizes Scale-Removal Program." Paper presented at the SPE Western Regional Meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, May 1999. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/54600-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Western Regional Meeting Search Advanced Search This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 SPE Western Regional Meeting held in Anchorage, Alaska, 26–28 May 1999. Keywords: remediation of hydrates, scale removal, west coalinga, chevron usa production co, production chemistry, tague, asphaltene inhibition, scale buildup, asphaltene remediation, oilfield chemistry Subjects: Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology, Inhibition and remediation of hydrates, scale, paraffin / wax and asphaltene This content is only available via PDF. 1999. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
Wind turbine optimal control during storms (2014)

This paper proposes a control algorithm that enables wind turbine operation in high winds. With this objective, an online optimization procedure is formulated that, based on the wind turbine state, estimates those extremal wind speed variations that would produce maximal allowable wind turbine loads. Optimization results are compared to the actual wind speed and, if there is a danger of excessive loading, the wind turbine power reference is adjusted to ensure that loads stay within allowed limits. This way, the machine can operate safely even above the cut-out wind speed, thereby realizing a soft envelope-protecting cut-out. The proposed control strategy is tested and verified using a high-fidelity aeroservoelastic simulation model.
Hospital Care Watch (HCW): An Ontology and Rule-Based Intelligent Patient Management Assistant (2005)

Hospital care watch (HCW) is a prototype medical intelligent assistant to improve patient care and safety and to reduce medical errors in the hospital setting. The system is based on an ontology of hospital care concepts including hospital activities, procedures, and policies, and insurance policies, as well as medical knowledge per se. A set of abstract rule types model general situations that need to be identified to detect potential problems and particular instantiations of those rule types identify individual situations. The system is not designed to provide medical diagnosis or other professional decision making; but rather to track the implications of such medical decisions taken by physicians and other medical professionals within the context of the guidelines and regulations of the medical environment, and the background of established medical knowledge.
Formation and structure of reverse vesicles (2007)

Both normal and reverse vesicles can be formed in the mixture of sucrose dodecanoates with different hydrocarbon chain number. The conditions to produce both types of vesicles are discussed using the geometrical packing model. The conditions are roughly the same for both types of vesicles. The formation of reverse vesicles is confirmed by means of video-enhanced microscopy (VEM) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM).
Health Hazard among the Fisherman and Farmers of East Kolkata Wetland (2013)

East Kolkata wetland is a perfectly bridges the mankind with the natures. The wastewater enters the wetlands through a network of drainage channels which flow into the canals, the Dry Weather Flow canal was laid to parallel to the Sewage Weather Flow. The entire domestic sewage of the city of Kolkata (estimated 1394.42 million litres/day i.e. 283.2 mgd) runs through a system of principal and ancillary channels passing through East Kolkata Wetlands and feed the fish pond. Different species of fish are raised which occupy different ecological niches of the pond ecosystem, including Indian major, minor and exotic carp, varieties of non-native tilapia, mourala, and the freshwater giant prawn. These flows are utilized in the sewage treated fisheries for pisciculture as nutrients and the wetlands purify the sewage water through a natural process of oxidation, radiation and biological process which breaks down of the organic waste. The agricultural activity commonly seen among the localieds of area which is also one of the major occupation among the people of East Kolkata wetland. The study has done by Pilot studies of 40 households. Which conducted by developed the questionnaires on different health aspect of livelihood. Among the various activity 53.6% population are involved in fishery. There are three major routes of entry heavy metal in the body are contact, inhalation and ingestion. This ecosystem is stressed by poor land use planning; uncontrolled and unauthorized discharge of wastewater containing variety of chemicals and poor enforcement of existing environmental laws. This has caused a widespread threat and difficulties in marketing fish, vegetables and health hazard. Though here paddy productivity much more high. Rapid urbanization, leads to minimizing the scope of fish culture and other agricultural activity. The development of these areas ultimately position as a threat to the economy of Kolkata.