gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A pulse-sensing robotic hand for tactile arterial palpation (2016)

Palpation is the general process of using hands to examine different parts of the body, especially while diagnosing a disease or illness. For example, fingers can be used to “palpate” a pulse generated by the heart when an artery is compressed against a bone (e.g., palpating the radial artery at the wrist). We present in this paper our development of a “palpation robotic hand” (PRH) that has 3 fingers capable of acquiring pulse information from human wrists. A direct application of the PRH can be in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Conventionally, researches on sphygmopalpation of TCM are focused on pulse analysis rather than pulse recording methods. The actuation and sensing mechanism have always been either neglected or treated as less important issues. The PRH presented in this paper is developed with the intention to significantly improve the understanding and preserve the skills of sphygmopalpation. The system has three human-mimetic robotic fingers which can be individually actuated and generate different levels of fingertip pressures. At the fingertips, flexible capacitive tactile sensors were mounted to record human pulses at the wrists. Four-dimensional (4-D) pulse information, which includes both temporal and spatial domains, can be retrieved.
Silica-based 8×8 optical matrix switch integrating new switching units with large fabrication tolerance (1999)

An 8/spl times/8 optical matrix switch consisting of asymmetric Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer switching units with a waveguide intersection was fabricated using silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLC's) on a silicon substrate. This switching unit can realize a high extinction ratio and a wide operation wavelength range even if the coupling ratios of the directional couplers (DC's) consisting the switching unit, deviate greatly from the ideal value of 50%. A matrix switch with a DC-coupling ratio of 30% was fabricated to test the validity of the proposed geometry. The average insertion loss was 7.3 dB in the transverse electric (TE) mode and 7.5 dB in the transverse magnetic (TM) mode. The average extinction ratio was 31.2 dB in the TE mode and 31.3 dB in the TM mode. The wavelength range with an extinction ratio greater than 20 dB was over 100 nm.
3D Pulsed Laser Triggered High Speed Microfluidic Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (2013)

We report a 3D PDMS microfluidic pulsed laser triggered fluorescence activated cell sorter capable of sorting at 11,000 cells sec-1 with >95% purity or at 45,000 cells sec-1 with 45% purity within a single channel.
Stationary scanning x-ray source based on carbon nanotube field emitters (2005)

We report a field emission x-ray source that can generate a scanning x-ray beam to image an object from multiple projection angles without mechanical motion. The key component of the device is a gated carbon nanotube field emission cathode with an array of electron emitting pixels that are individually addressable via a metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor-based electronic circuit. The characteristics of this x-ray source are measured and its imaging capability is demonstrated. The device can potentially lead to a fast data acquisition rate for laminography and tomosynthesis with a simplified experimental setup.
BLV: lessons on vaccine development (2019)

Vaccination against retroviruses is a challenge because of their ability to stably integrate into the host genome, undergo long-term latency in a proportion of infected cells and thereby escape immune response. Since clearance of the virus is almost impossible once infection is established, the primary goal is to achieve sterilizing immunity. Besides efficacy, safety is the major issue since vaccination has been associated with increased infection or reversion to pathogenicity. In this review, we discuss the different issues that we faced during the development of an efficient vaccine against bovine leukemia virus (BLV). We summarize the historical failures of inactivated vaccines, the efficacy and safety of a live-attenuated vaccine and the economical constraints of further industrial development.
Dynamic time expansion and compression using nonlinear waveguides (2000)

We have used coplanar waveguides made from nonlinear dielectric strontium titanate and superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 electrodes to perform dynamic time expansion (DTE) and dynamic time compression (DTC) on fast signals with nanosecond duration. Experiments on 7.8-cm-long waveguides using bipulses with peak-to-peak amplitude on the order of 10 V and peak-to-peak separation of about 1 ns yielded DTC of about −50%, and DTE of about +50%. The implementation of DTE in fast detectors and data acquisition systems at the analog-to-digital conversion stage could enable these systems to operate with improved time resolution. The DTC could be used at the output of high-speed analog-to-digital converters or in radar applications.
Downregulation of RNase L inhibitor correlates with upregulation of interferon-induced proteins (2-5A synthetase and RNase L) in patients with chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome. (1998)

Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) is a disorder characterized by debilitating fatigue associated with immunological abnormalities and cognitive impairments. The recently cloned RNase L Inhibitor (RLI) gene encodes a specific protein which is believed to regulate 2-5A synthetase and RNase L activity via the formation of a latent heterodimeric protein complex. In the present study, we investigated the levels of 2-5A synthetase, RNase L and RLI in patients with CFIDS as compared to healthy controls. Quantitative Competitive PCR (Q/C PCR) analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in RLI mRNA present in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with CFIDS (n = 25, mean = 569, S.E = 154) as compared to RLI mRNA level present in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy controls (n = 15, mean = 2296, S.E = 506; p < 0.0001). The decrease in RLI mRNA in CFIDS individuals correlated directly with RLI and RLI: RNase L protein ratio while showing an inverse relationship to the 2-5A synthetase and RNase L activity. This RLI mRNA and protein deficiency in CFIDS patients may explain the increase in activity of RNase L found in CFIDS patients. The unidirectional decrease in RLI message and protein levels in CFIDS individuals may contribute to the destabilization of the latent RLI:RNase L heterodimeric protein complex, resulting in the excessive activation of RNase L shown in this study. The increased activation of RNase L may result in an increased cellular RNA turnover and subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis; thus resulting in general fatigue, myalgia muscle weakness and other symptomatologies shown in CFIDS patients. Furthermore, this data supports the hypothesis that the antiviral 2-5 oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5OAS) overexpression in individuals with CFIDS correlates with an increase in RNase L activity and with a decrease in RNase L inhibitor.
Oral Administration Of Concentrated Factor VIII Or Factor IX Preparations (1981)

In current treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding of the patient of hemophiliacs, purified preparation of coagulation factors is administered intravenously, though some hemophiliacs developed hepatitis and antibody to factor VIII. If we can replenish coagulation factors orally, it will be of great benefit for hemophiliacs. Materials and methods: (1) Concentrated factor VIII( Con- coeight, Green-Cross, Osaka ) and factor IX( Konyne, Cutter ) were used. (2) Coagulation factors were enclosed in liposomes with addition of aprotinin, and the liposomes were further encapsulated in enteric capsules or suspended in milk to administer orally. (3) Coagulation studies were performed by assaying a-PTT, PT and coagulation assay methods. Results: (1) A concentrated factor IX preparation ( 400 units ) was given to dogs orally to find raised concentration of factors IX, X, VII and II from 100% to 150%. Konyne contained these factors mentioned above. When 1200 units of Konyne was given in the same way, intravascular coagulation was ocurred. These results showed factor IX including factors X, VII and II were absorbed from the intestine. (2) A concentrated factor VIII preparation ( 100 units ) was administered orally to hemophiliacs as volanteers to find raised concentrations of several percentage by biological activity and about 30% by immunological activity. (3) It is absolutely necessary to add aprotinin to prevent proteolysis by the proteases in the gastrointestinal tract in the intestine capsules. One of the absorption mechanism may be due to the fusion of the upper layer membrane of liposome with the gastrointestinal cell.
Improved slice‐selective adiabatic excitation (2013)

STABLE-2 achieves B1 -insensitive slice-selective excitation while providing greater off-resonance immunity and a shorter pulse duration, when compared to the original STABLE pulse. In particular, the 9.8-ms STABLE-2 pulse provides slice selectivity over 120 Hz whereas the 21-ms STABLE pulse is limited to 80 Hz off-resonance. B1 -Insensitive fat-suppressed excitation may also be achieved by using a variant of this pulse.
Abstract B056: Harnessing tissue resident memory T cells to combat solid tumors (2016)

Abstract The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is a major hurdle to overcome in the development of successful cancer therapies. Newly discovered tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) function to create a potent immunostimulatory environment to protect against local reinfection. As TRM are present in abundance in nearly every tissue and can be triggered by cognate peptide alone, without adjuvant, we tested whether we could hijack infection-specific TRM in tumors to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhance existing immunotherapies. Mice with established vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-specific skin TRM were challenged with the transplantable B16 melanoma cell line. We find VSV-specific CD8+ T cells within established tumors and within 12 hours of cognate peptide delivery, these cells upregulate IFNγ, CD25, and Granzyme B. This led to 1) tumor NK cell activation through Granzyme B upregulation, 2) NK cell recruitment to the tumor, and 3) CD8+ T cell recruitment to the tumor. Ongoing studies are testing whether TRM immunotherapy synergizes with CAR T cell and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies for eradication of recalcitrant tumors. These results demonstrate proof of principal efficacy for exploiting infection-specific TRM as a tumor immunotherapy. Citation Format: Pamela C. Rosato, Luke S. Manlove, Christine E. Nelson, Christopher A. Pennell, Vaiva Vezys, David Masopust. Harnessing tissue resident memory T cells to combat solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B056.
RIB: reflective insulating blinds (1979)

A novel type blind which reflects insolation as well as insulates is being developed and tested at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The unit is called Reflective Insulating Blind (RIB). The purpose of the unit is to improve the performance of direct gain space heating systems. The RIB unit operates in both diurnal and seasonal modes. In winter, the daytime (i.e., open) mode allows the unit to reflect the solar radiation onto the ceiling; at night, it closes and serves as an insulating shutter. In summer, RIB may be used to reduce cooling loads. This paper establishes the need for RIB and discusses its design parameters, materials considerations, operational modes, and RIB's contribution to the performance of direct gain space heating.
Surface finishing of cleaved SOI films using epi technologies (2002)

The use of epi technologies in SOI manufacturing is shown to add flexibility and increased wafer quality, e.g. fewer defects and better top Si-layer uniformity, as well as cluster-tool compatibility. The newly developed smoothing process on the Epi Centura replaces touch-polishing after bond and cleave. RMS values down to 0.08 nm have been achieved on wafers with an initial RMS value as high as 8 nm. The high uniformity of this process offers excellent target thickness control, both through removal and addition of material. It also enables compliant substrate technology for 8" SOI wafers, where the top Si-layer has to be thinned below 20 nm.
Thermal Doping by Vacancy Formation in Copper Sulfide Nanocrystal Arrays (2014)

A new approach for doping of Cu2S nanocrystal arrays using thermal treatment at moderate temperatures (T < 400 K) is presented. This thermal doping process yields conductance enhancement by 6 orders of magnitude. Local probe measurements prove this doping is an intraparticle effect and, moreover, tunneling spectroscopy data signify p-type doping. The doping mechanism is attributed to Cu vacancy formation, resulting in free holes. Thermal-doping temperature dependence exhibits an Arrhenius-like behavior, providing the vacancy formation energy of 1.6 eV. The moderate temperature conditions for thermal doping unique to these nanocrystals allow patterned doping of nanocrystal films through local heating by a focused laser beam, toward fabrication of nanocrystal-based electronic devices.
A prototype of tunable surface acoustic wave filter (1999)

A prototype of tunable surface acoustic wave filter has been developed. The device consists of 11 interdigital transducers paralleled in the SAW propagation path. Different SAW filter configurations are realized by selecting or combining various IDTs, resulting in the tunability of both center frequency and 3 dB bandwidth. The center frequencies of the SAW filter ranges from 126.8 MHz to 199.1 MHz while the 3 dB bandwidth range from 18.8 MHz to 58.9 MHz. Changes between different SAW filter configurations is implemented by RF switches.
Tubedown associates with cortactin and controls permeability of retinal endothelial cells to albumin (2008)

Tubedown (Narg1, Tbdn), a member of the Nat1 family of proteins, associates with the acetyltransferase Ard1 and exerts an angiostatic function in adult retinal-blood-vessel homeostasis. The purpose of the present study was to gain a better understanding of the nature of the Tbdn protein complex and how it might exert a homeostatic influence on blood vessels. Immunoprecipitation of Tbdn from endothelial cells followed by gel electrophoresis and liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry identified the actin-cytoskeleton-binding protein cortactin as a co-immunopurifying species. Western blotting confirmed the association between Tbdn and cortactin. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that Tbdn colocalizes with cortactin and F-actin in cytoplasmic regions and at the cortex of cultured endothelial cells. Because cortactin is known to regulate cellular permeability through its interaction with the actin cytoskeleton, a process that is crucial for endothelial cell homeostasis, the role of Tbdn on endothelial cell permeability was examined. Knockdown of Tbdn expression in endothelial cells led to the co-suppression of Ard1 protein expression and to a significant increase in cellular permeability measured by the transit of FITC-albumin across the cellular monolayer. Furthermore, the proliferative retinal neovascularization and thickening resulting from induction of Tbdn knockdown in endothelium in transgenic mice was associated with a significant increase in extravasation or leakage of albumin from abnormal retinal blood vessels in vivo. These results provide evidence that an association occurs between Tbdn and cortactin, and that Tbdn is involved in the regulation of retinal-endothelial-cell permeability to albumin. This work implicates a functional role for Tbdn in blood-vessel permeability dynamics that are crucial for vascular homeostasis.
New Method for Optimal Stabilization of the Transcranial Doppler Transducer during Monitoring: Normal Controls and Patient Application (1991)

Maintaining proper alignment of the transcranial Doppler probe during continuous monitoring has been a major limiting factor in its clinical and experimental application. We recently developed a simple yet reliable method of probe stabilization that allows continuous monitoring of blood flow velocities from any of the vessels accessible through the transtemporal window without regard to patient position or head movement. Under laboratory conditions, blood flow velocities were recorded in 5 subjects in the supine, sitting, standing, and head-down positions. Also, measurements were carried out during flexion, extension, lateral rotation, and tilting of the neck. In addition, 10 patients were successfully monitored in the acute stroke unit for periods of 12 to 72 hours. There was excellent preservation of Doppler waveforms during all these maneuvers. This device offers a method of stabilizing transcranial Doppler transducers during continuous monitoring, which is more practical than those available so far. It results in an expansion of the potential clinical and experimental applications of this ultrasonic technique.
Frequency loss induced quench protection system for high temperature superconductors (2017)

A novel circuit design for Frequency Loss Induced Quench (FLIQ) protection system for safely driving REBCO coated conductor superconducting coils to quench is reported. The details of the H-bridge circuit design with Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)s and the various elements used to build a prototype are reported. The results of a successful test of the circuit conducted to demonstrate the validity of the circuit design is presented.
Genetic Transformation of Mature Citrus Plants (2004)

Most woody fruit species have long juvenile periods that drastically prolong the time required to analyze mature traits. Evaluation of characteristics related to fruits is a requisite to release any new variety into the market. Because of a decline in regenerative and transformation potential, genetic transformation procedures usually employ juvenile material as the source of plant tissue, therefore resulting in the production of juvenile plants. Direct transformation of mature material could ensure the production of adult transgenic plants, bypassing in this way the juvenile phase. Invigoration of the source adult material, establishment of adequate transformation and regeneration conditions, and acceleration of plant development through grafting allowed us to produce transgenic mature sweet orange trees flowering and bearing fruits in a short time period.
Konark (2017)

In this paper, we introduce a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) based smart shopping system, KONARK, which helps users to checkout items faster and to track purchases in real-time. In parallel, our solution also provides the shopping mall owner with information about user interest on particular items. The central component of KONARK system is a customized shopping cart having a RFID reader which reads RFID tagged items. To provide check-out facility, our system detects in-cart items with almost 100% accuracy within 60s delay by exploiting the fact that the physical level information (RSSI, phase, doppler, read rate etc.) of in-cart RFID tags are different than outside tags. KONARK also detects user interest with 100% accuracy by exploiting the change in physical level parameters of RFID tag on the object user interacted with. In general, KONARK has been shown to perform with reasonably high accuracy in different mobility speeds in a mock-up of a shopping mall isle.
A magnetic head for 150 MHz, high density recording (1990)

A multilayered magnetic head that can read and write at 150 MHz on metal particle tape with a coercivity of 120 kA/m (1500 Oe) has been developed. Ten 2- mu m layers of Fe/sub 68/Ru/sub 8/Ga/sub 7/Si/sub 17/ alloy, with 100 nm of SiO/sub 2/ used as spacer, form the magnetic-core thickness and the track width. The head was tested in a rotary recording system at a relative head-to-tape speed of 73 m/s. At a linear density of 4000 fc/mm (100 kfc) and 150 MHz, the measured single frequency signal to 300-kHz-slot noise was 33 dB (RMS-RMS). The measured frequency response curve agrees with theory and indicates a head-to-tape spacing of 70 nm at high speed. The read efficiency of the head decreases from 37% at low frequency to 15% at 150 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-SNR, speaker-dependent speech enhancement using GMMs and MFCCs (2012)

In this paper, we propose a two-stage speech enhancement technique. In the training stage, a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) of the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) of a user’s clean speech is computed wherein the component densities of the GMM serve to model the user’s “acoustic classes.” In the enhancement stage, MFCCs from a noisy speech signal are computed and the underlying clean acoustic class is identified via a maximum a posteriori (MAP) decision and a novel mapping matrix. The associated GMM parameters are then used to estimate the MFCCs of the clean speech from the MFCCs of the noisy speech. Finally, the estimated MFCCs are transformed back to a time-domain waveform. Our results show that we can improve PESQ in environments as low as−10 dB SNR.
Proposal for a scalable charging-energy-protected topological qubit in a quantum spin Hall system (2020)

The quantum spin Hall edge is predicted to reliably produce Majorana zero modes on the border between magnetic insulator- and superconductor-proximitized regions of the edge. The direction of magnetization determines the size of the induced magnetic gap and can control the resulting tunnel barrier. Here we propose a way to avoid magnetic manipulations of the material and use electric-only local control of the barrier. We follow with a design of a charging-energy-protected qubit and a layout of a quantum computer based on the quantum spin Hall effect. We estimate relevant scales and show that they allow for testing of these ideas in the near future.
Genetic architecture of cyst nematode resistance revealed by genome-wide association study in soybean (2015)

The study showed that GWAS can be employed as an effective strategy for identifying complex traits in soybean and for narrowing GWAS-defined genomic regions, which facilitates positional cloning of the causal gene(s).