gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in low-defect multilayers for EUVL mask blanks (2002)

Low-defect multilayer coatings are required to fabricate mask blanks for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). The mask blanks consist of high reflectance EUV multilayers on low thermal expansion substrates. A defect density of 0.0025 printable defects/cm2 for both the mask substrate and the multilayer is required to provide a mask blank yield of 60 percent. Current low defect multilayer coating technology allows repeated coating-added defect levels of 0.05/cm2 for defects greater than 90 nm polystyrene latex sphere (PSL) equivalent size for lots of 20 substrates. Extended clean operation of the coating system at levels below 0.08/cm2 for 3 months of operation has also been achieved. Two substrates with zero added defects in the quality area have been fabricated, providing an existence proof that ultra low defect coatings are possible. Increasing the ion source-to-target distance from 410 to 560 mm to reduce undesired coating of the ion source caused the defect density to increase to 0.2/cm2. Deposition and etching diagnostic witness substrates and deposition pinhole cameras showed a much higher level of ion beam spillover (ions missing the sputter target) than expected. Future work will quantify beam spillover, and test designs to reduce spillover, if it is confirmed to be the cause of the increased defect level. The LDD system will also be upgraded to allow clean coating of standard format mask substrates. The upgrade will confirm that the low defect process developed on Si wafers is compatible with the standard mask format 152 mm square substrates, and will provide a clean supply of EUVL mask blanks needed to support development of EUVL mask patterning processes and clean mask handling technologies.
Dynamic Searchable Encryption in Very-Large Databases: Data Structures and Implementation (2014)

We design and implement dynamic symmetric searchable encryption schemes that efficiently and privately search server-held encrypted databases with tens of billions of record-keyword pairs.Our basic theoretical construction supports single-keyword searches and offers asymptotically optimal server index size, fully parallel searching, and minimal leakage.Our implementation effort brought to the fore several factors ignored by earlier coarse-grained theoretical performance analyses, including lowlevel space utilization, I/O parallelism and goodput.We accordingly introduce several optimizations to our theoretically optimal construction that model the prototype's characteristics designed to overcome these factors.All of our schemes and optimizations are proven secure and the information leaked to the untrusted server is precisely quantified.We evaluate the performance of our prototype using two very large datasets: a synthesized census database with 100 million records and hundreds of keywords per record and a multi-million webpage collection that includes Wikipedia as a subset.Moreover, we report on an implementation that uses the dynamic SSE schemes developed here as the basis for supporting recent SSE advances, including complex search queries (e.g., Boolean queries) and richer operational settings (e.g., query delegation), in the above terabyte-scale databases. Scheme
Synchronizing chaotic circuits (1994)

Recent work using chaotic signals to drive nonlinear systems shows that chaotic dynamics is rich in new application possibilities. The approach of using nonlinear dynamics concepts to guide synthesis of new nonlinear systems leads to the concept of synchronization of chaotic systems. We demonstrate this concept here in computer models and in circuits. We also show how these ideas might be used for communications.
Data packets encoding and scheduling method for sending node in e.g. cellular wireless communication system, involves transmitting optimal composite packet obtained by decoding composite packet using intended receiving node. (2005)

NOVELTY - The method involves selectively storing data packets (X, Y, Z) received by a receiving node (410, 415, 420) and feeding back priori information to a sending node (405) i.e. base station. A composite data packet (450) is transmitted to the receiving nodes by the sending node by utilizing the priori information, where the composite data packet comprises information designated to the receiving nodes, and is encoded by the sending node. The composite packet is decoded by an intended receiving node to obtain optimal composite packet. The optimal composite packet is transmitted by the sending node. USE - Method for encoding and scheduling data packets in a sending node i.e. base station, of a communication system such as cellular wireless communication system and multihop system (all claimed). Can also be used for a mobile station, laptop computer and personal digital assistant (PDA) in an ad-hoc network system. ADVANTAGE - The method effectively encodes and schedules the data packets in the sending node of the communication system such that flexibility and throughput i.e. bit rate, of the system can be improved, and the system can be easily adapted to changing radio environment, thus improving the end-to-end latency characteristics. The method can easily determine, which optimal composite packets are formed in which levels, thus providing a possibility to improve the creation of composite packets. The method allows the sending node and receiving node to utilize the priori information such that the number of transmissions needed to transfer the data can be reduced, thus improving power and energy efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a sending node comprising a feedback receiver. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic illustration of transmission sequences in a communication system. Data packets (X, Y, Z) Sending node (405) Receiving nodes (410, 415, 420) Composite data packet (450)
Natural Language Interaction Using a Scalable Reference Dictionary (2003)

(Please send correspondences to Cheng Hsu.) A truly natural language interface to databases also needs to be practical for actual implementation. We developed a new feasible approach to solve the problem and tested it successfully in a laboratory environment. The new result is based on metadata search, where the metadata grow in largely linear manner and the search is linguistics-free (allowing for grammatically incorrect and incomplete input). A new class of reference dictionary integrates four types of enterprise metadata: enterprise information models, database values, user-words, and query cases. The layered and scalable information models allow user-words to stay in original forms as users articulated them, as opposed to relying on permutations of individual words contained in the original query. A graphical representation method turns the dictionary into searchable graphs representing all possible interpretations of the input. A branch-and-bound algorithm then identifies optimal interpretations, which lead to SQL implementation of the original queries. Query cases enhance both the metadata and the search of metadata, as well as providing casebased reasoning to directly answer the queries. This design assures feasible solutions at the termination of the search, even when the search is incomplete (i.e., the results contain the correct answer to the original query). The necessary condition is that the text input contains at least one entry in the reference dictionary. The sufficient condition is that the text input contains a set of entries corresponding to a complete, correct single SQL query. Laboratory testing shows that the system obtained accurate results for most cases that satisfied only the necessary condition.
Evidence for in the appearance of mRNAs of nucleotide excision repair genes, in human ovarian cancer tissues. (2000)

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the DNA repair pathway through which cisplatin-DNA intrastrand adduct is repaired. Clinical studies have shown that increased mRNA expression of selected genes involved in the rate-limiting step of NER, appear to be closely associated with clinical resistance to platinum agents. These specific studies have led to the possibility of an assessment of the order in which, the appearance of mRNAs of selected NER genes may occur. Included in this assessment are ERCC1, XPB, CSB, and XPA, studied in 28 ovarian cancer tumor tissue specimens. The study of these four genes, in pairs, from 28 ovarian cancer specimens, results in 168 separate observations. Based on the mRNA expression patterns of these genes in these tissues, it is suggested that ERCC1 mRNA may appear before the mRNA of any of the other genes, in an obligate fashion. This is followed by XPB mRNA; which appears before the mRNA of XPA; which in turn, may appear before CSB. This pattern is consistent with what we have reported previously, in non-malignant human bone marrow specimens from a cohort of 52 patients.
A digital self-tuning tracking controller for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (1994)

A new digital self-tuning tracking controller for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor is presented, providing for either velocity or position trajectory tracking when both the electrical and mechanical parameters of the motor are unknown. A time-scale simplification leads to a discrete-time design model that is reduced order and that evolves in the slower mechanical time scale. A new piecewise-linear parameterization of the motor torque-angle characteristic functions and cogging allows for arbitrarily accurate identification of higher-order harmonics, without requiring more computation than traditional single-term sinusoidal descriptions. Experimental results demonstrate that good performance is achieved even with very poor initial parameter knowledge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diversifying image search with user generated content (2008)

Large-scale image retrieval on the Web relies on the availability of short snippets of text associated with the image. This user-generated content is a primary source of information about the content and context of an image. While traditional information retrieval models focus on finding the most relevant document without consideration for diversity, image search requires results that are both diverse and relevant. This is problematic for images because they are represented very sparsely by text, and as with all user-generated content the text for a given image can be extremely noisy.
Investigation of Gas Penetration Depth During Gas Huff-N-Puff EOR Process in Unconventional Oil Reservoirs (2018)

Abstract In recent years, gas huff-n-puff has proven to be a potential EOR method in unconventional reservoirs. The main mechanism is that the injected gas will penetrate the reservoir matrix and diffuse into the oil phase to extract oil. Gas penetration into the reservoir and oil phase is fundamentally important to enhance oil recovery. However, the investigation of gas penetration depth during the huff-n-puff process has been overlooked. The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of the mechanism during gas huff-n-puff process and to investigate the gas penetration depth during the huff period. In this paper, methane and Wolfcamp cores saturated with Wolfcamp oil were used to conduct huff-n-puff experiments. Then lab scale numerical simulation model was built and validated with the experimental data. The model was employed to quantitatively describe the gas penetration process and measure the penetration depth in the core during the huff period. Diffusion effect was also investigated. As our previous study states that the core size will affect the oil recovery, a history matched field scale model was applied to evaluate the field production performance. The effects of different parameters on gas penetration depth were investigated including reservoir properties such as permeability, natural fracture spacing, and operation properties such as huff-n-puff start time, number of huff-n-puff cycles, injection pressure, and huff and puff time. The experimental results show that after eight huff-n-puff cycles, the oil recovery of the core is around 48.57%. During one huff-n-puff cycle, gas penetrated fast during the injection time and slowly during the soaking time, which illustrates that longer soaking time is not necessary. With diffusion, injected gas will penetrate deeper area during huff period. For the field scale study, most gas is penetrated to the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). For the reservoir with the hydraulic fracture spacing of 600ft, the CO2 penetration depth is about 105.6 ft at 100 days’ huff time in the first huff-n-puff cycle, covering about 36% of the SRV region. In the gas penetrated region, the oil viscosity decreases by 30% to 70%, and the average injected CO2 mole fraction in oil phase reaches about 40%. A sensitivity study result shows that the most important parameter that can affect penetration depth is natural fracture spacing, followed by injection pressure, gas diffusion rate in oil phase, huff-n-puff time, huff-n-puff start time, and reservoir permeability. Gas diffusion rate in gas phase has little effect on penetration depth.
Anthracycline metabolites from Streptomyces violaceus A262. III. New anthracycline obelmycins produced by a variant strain SE2-2385. (1991)

New anthracycline antibiotics, designated as obelmycins A, D, E, F and G, were isolated from the culture broth of a variant strain of beta-rhodomycin-producing Streptomyces violaceus A262, identified as beta-isorhodomycinone glycosides and gamma-isorhodomycinone glycosides and assayed for their in vitro cytotoxicities against murine leukemic L1210 cell culture and the antimicrobial activities in comparison with some known anthracyclines.
Cost-driven framework for progressive compression of textured meshes (2019)

Recent advances in digitization of geometry and radiometry generate in routine massive amounts of surface meshes with texture or color attributes. This large amount of data can be compressed using a progressive approach which provides at decoding low complexity levels of details (LoDs) that are continuously refined until retrieving the original model. The goal of such a progressive mesh compression algorithm is to improve the overall quality of the transmission for the user, by optimizing the rate-distortion trade-off. In this paper, we introduce a novel meaningful measure for the cost of a progressive transmission of a textured mesh by observing that the rate-distortion curve is in fact a staircase, which enables an effective comparison and optimization of progressive transmissions in the first place. We contribute a novel generic framework which utilizes the cost function to encode triangle surface meshes via multiplexing several geometry reduction steps (mesh decimation via half-edge or full-edge collapse operators, xyz quantization reduction and uv quantization reduction). This framework can also deal with textures by multiplexing an additional texture reduction step. We also design a texture atlas that enables us to preserve texture seams during decimation while not impairing the quality of resulting LODs. For encoding the inverse mesh decimation steps we further contribute a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art in terms of rate-distortion performance and yields a compression-rate of 22:1, on average. Finally, we propose a unique single-rate alternative solution using a selection scheme of a subset among LODs, optimized for our cost function, and provided with our atlas that enables interleaved progressive texture refinements.
ITQ-7: A New Pure Silica Polymorph with a Three-Dimensional System of Large Pore Channels (1999)

A novel topology, consisting of a three-dimensional system of large pore channels, is found for the zeolite ITQ-7 (see picture). This material has been synthesized by combining the structure-directing effects of fluoride ions and a new organic cation purposefully designed to promote the crystallization of a low-density silica phase. ITQ-7 is the least dense crystalline silica phase known so far.
Multiplex Near-Field Microscopy using Diffractive Elements (2005)

We propose and simulate a method of using diffractive elements in the nearfield of a scatterer to achieve superior signal-to-noise ratio and faster image acquisition than near-field scanning optical microscopy.
Optimal Superimposed Training Sequences for Channel Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems (2010)

In this work an iterative time domain Least Squares (LS) based channel estimation method using superimposed training (ST) for a Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system over time varying frequency selective fading channels is proposed. The performance of the channel estimator is analyzed in terms of the Mean Square Estimation Error (MSEE) and its impact on the uncoded Bit Error Rate (BER) of the MIMO-OFDM system is studied. A new selection criterion for the training sequences that jointly optimizes the MSEE and the BER of the OFDM system is proposed. Chirp based sequences are proposed and shown to satisfy the same. These are compared with the other sequences proposed in the literature and are found to yield a superior performance. The sequences, one for each transmitting antenna, offers fairness through providing equal interference in all the data carriers unlike earlier proposals. The effectiveness of the mathematical analysis presented is demonstrated through a comparison with the simulation studies. Experimental studies are carried out to study and validate the improved performance of the proposed scheme. The scheme is applied to the IEEE 802.16e OFDM standard and a case is made with the required design of the sequence.
Chemical Aspects Governing the Choice of Backfill Materials for Nuclear Waste Repositories (1982)

A general method of selection of backfill material for nuclear waste disposal has been derived from a large body of data on sorption of actinides and fission products. These sorption studies identified four major factors of importance in enhancing sorption: (a) pH, (b) chemi-sorption, (c) oxidation-reduction, and (d) special reactions with clay minerals. It appears that simple cation exchange plays a very minor role, especially in the pH range of 7 to 9 that is common to groundwaters. In addition to consideration of radionuclide retardation, physical factors such as water retardation and thermal conductivity have been incorporated in the design. All of the materials employed in the backfill are natural minerals that are commercially available.
Early probabilistic noise estimation for capacitively coupled interconnects (2002)

One of the critical challenges in today's high performance IC design is to take noise into account as early as possible in the design cycle. Current noise analysis tools [1, 7} are effective at analyzing and identifying noise in the post-route design stage when detailed parasitic information is available. However, noise problems identified at this stage of design cycle are very difficult to fix due to the limited flexibility in the design and may cause additional iterations of routing and placement, adding costly delays to time-to-market. In this paper, we introduce an estimated, congestion-based pre-route noise analysis approach to identify post-route noise failures before the actual detailed route is completed. We introduce new methods to estimate the RC characteristics of victim and aggressor lines, their coupling capacitances and the aggressor transition times before routing is performed. The approach is based on congestion information obtained from a global router. Since the exact location and relative position of wires in the design is not yet available at this point, we propose a novel probabilistic method for capacitance extraction. We present results on two high performance microprocessors in 0.18m technology that demonstate the effectiveness of the proposed approac.
Serotype-specific detection of dengue viruses in a nonstructural protein 1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validated with a multi-national cohort (2020)

Our study demonstrates a robust antibody screening strategy that enabled the development of a serotype NS1-based ELISA with maximized specific and sensitive antigen binding. This sensitive and specific assay also utilized the most expansive cohort to date, and of which about half are from Latin America, a geographic region severely underrepresented in previous similar studies. This ELISA test offers potential enhanced diagnostics during the acute phase of infection to help guide patient care and disease control. These results indicate that this ELISA is a promising aid in early DENV-1-4 diagnosis and surveillance in regions of endemicity in addition to offer convenient monitoring for future vaccine interventions.
Mixed-mode multicore reliability (2009)

Future processors are expected to observe increasing rates of hardware faults. Using Dual-Modular Redundancy (DMR), two cores of a multicore can be loosely coupled to redundantly execute a single software thread, providing very high coverage from many difference sources of faults. This reliability, however, comes at a high price in terms of per-thread IPC and overall system throughput.We make the observation that a user may want to run both applications requiring high reliability, such as financial software, and more fault tolerant applications requiring high performance, such as media or web software, on the same machine at the same time. Yet a traditional DMR system must fully operate in redundant mode whenever any application requires high reliability.This paper proposes a Mixed-Mode Multicore (MMM), which enables most applications, including the system software, to run with high reliability in DMR mode, while applications that need high performance can avoid the penalty of DMR. Though conceptually simple, two key challenges arise: 1) care must be taken to protect reliable applications from any faults occurring to applications running in high performance mode, and 2) the desire to execute additional independent software threads for a performance application complicates the scheduling of computation to cores. After solving these issues, an MMM is shown to improve overall system performance, compared to a traditional DMR system, by approximately 2X when one reliable and one performance application are concurrently executing.
Long range inductive power transfer system (2013)

We report upon a recently developed long range inductive power transfer system (IPT) designed to power remote sensors with mW level power consumption at distances up to 7 m. In this paper an inductive link is established between a large planar (1 × 1 m) transmit coil (Tx) and a small planer (170 × 170 mm) receiver coil (Rx), demonstrating the viability of highly asymmetrical coil configurations that real-world applications such as sensor networks impose. High Q factor Tx and Rx coils required for viable power transfer efficiencies over such distances are measured using a resonant method. The applicability of the Class-E amplifier in very low magnetic coupling scenarios and at the high frequencies of operation required for high Q operation is demonstrated by its usage as the Tx coil driver.