gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Dispersion, and Viscosity of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Functionalized Water-Soluble Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

The carbon nanotube−polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft copolymer was synthesized by covalent functionalization of electric arc single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with the monofunctional, tetrahydrofurfuryl-terminated polyethylene glycol PEG-THFF (MW∼200), to give a material composed of 80 wt % SWNTs. We show that the sequential processing of the resulting material by ultrasonication and high-shear mixing provides a means to disperse the SWNT-PEG-THFF macromolecules on two different length scales and leads to highly viscous solutions; at a concentration of 10 mg/mL the kinematic viscosity (ν) of an aqueous SWNT-PEG-THFF dispersion reaches a value of ν > 1000 cSt (for water ν ∼ 1 cSt). Analysis of this procedure by means of viscosity measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM), shows that ultrasonication is effective in disrupting the SWNT bundles, while the high shear mixing disperses the individual SWNTs. The kinematic viscosity of aqueous dispersions of SWNT-PEG-THFF was measured as a function of nanotube concentration and compared to that of SWNT-PEG dispersions. The viscosity and AFM measurements show that the SWNT-PEG-THFF and SWNT-PEG graft copolymers form aqueous dispersions with distinct viscous characteristics; the use of monofunctional PEG-THFF for covalent functionalization of the SWNTs prevents cross-linking of the SWNTs in the final product, and this allows the production of more completely dispersed SWNTs than in the case of the SWNT-PEG graft copolymer, which is synthesized from a bifunctional glycol.
Levels of interleukin 1β in tissue from sites of active periodontal disease (1991)

Interleukin 1 beta is a potent bone resorptive cytokine which also mediates soft tissue destruction through the stimulation of prostaglandin production, and the induction of collagenase and other proteases. This constellation of activities suggests a role for IL-1 beta in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. Levels of IL-1 beta were therefore determined in tissue obtained from (1) diseased, active (2) diseased, inactive and (3) healthy sites from 12 patients with destructive adult periodontitis. Disease activity was defined as attachment loss of greater than or equal to 2.5 mm, as determined by sequential probing and the tolerance method. IL-1 beta was extracted from homogenates of tissue biopsies taken at surgery, and levels were quantified by ELISA. IL-1 beta was found to be present in most patient tissue samples, with levels ranging from 0-82 ng/ml. Disease active sites had higher IL-1 beta levels (p less than 0.05) than inactive and healthy sites. Diseased inactive sites were divided into 2 groups, those losing small amounts of attachment (0.5-2.0 mm, worsening sites) and those which showed no change or attachment gain (stable sites). Stable diseased sites had IL-1 beta levels which were comparable to those found in healthy sites, and which were significantly different from active sites (p less than 0.02). Worsening sites had IL-1 beta levels intermediate between the levels in stable and active sites. Detection of disease activity occurred more frequently at sites with IL-1 beta levels greater than 25 ng/ml (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Keyhole behavior in high power laser welding (2003)

Dynamic keyhole behavior has been observed to elucidate the formation and suppression mechanism of the porosity in 20 kW CO<sub>2</sub> laser welding with the depth of 20 mm. The results indicate that the bubble is formed by capillary instability of the cylindrical keyhole. The tip of the keyhole is broken up by instability during rapid decrease in the depth, so called spiking phenomenon. Spontaneous fluctuation in the keyhole depth and spontaneous keyhole perturbation during welding promotes the bubble formation. Pulse modulation of the laser power is effective in stabilizing the keyhole and hereby suppressing the porosity if the frequency coincides with the eigenfrequency of the molten pool oscillation. The suppression effect is enhanced if the waveform is controlled appropriately.
Discovery of Novel and Potent Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>Receptor Antagonists. Part 1 (2010)

The inhibition of LTB(4) binding to and activation of G-protein-coupled receptors BLT1 and BLT2 is the premise of a treatment for several inflammatory diseases. In a lead optimization effort starting with the leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) receptor antagonist (2), members of a series of 3,5-diarylphenyl ethers were found to be highly potent inhibitors of LTB(4) binding to BLT1 and BLT2 receptors, with varying levels of selectivity depending on the substitution. In addition, compounds 33 and 38 from this series have good in vitro ADME properties, good oral bioavailability, and efficacy after oral delivery in guinea pig LTB(4) and nonhuman primate allergen challenge models. Further profiling in a rat non-GLP toxicity experiment provided the rationale for differentiation and selection of one compound (33) for clinical development.
Miniature GC: Minicell ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) for astrobiology planetary missions (2006)

Astrobiology flight experiments require highly sensitive instrumentation for in situ analysis of volatile chemical species and minerals present in the atmospheres and surfaces of planets, moons, and asteroids. The complex mixtures encountered place a heavy burden on the analytical instrumentation to detect and identify all species present. The use of land rovers and balloon aero-rovers place additional emphasis on miniaturization of the analytical instrumentation. In addition, smaller instruments, using tiny amounts of consumables, allow the use of more instrumentation and/or longer mission life for stationary landers/laboratories. We describe here the development of a miniature GC - Minicell Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS) under development through NASA's Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID) Program and NASA's Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program.
Atomic force microscope based on vertical silicon probes (2017)

A family of silicon micro-sensors for Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is presented that allows to operate with integrated transducers from medium to high frequencies together with moderate stiffness constants. The sensors are based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems technology. The vertical design specifically enables a long tip to oscillate perpendicularly to the surface to be imaged. The tip is part of a resonator including quasi-flexural composite beams, and symmetrical transducers that can be used as piezoresistive detector and/or electro-thermal actuator. Two vertical probes (Vprobes) were operated up to 4.3 MHz with stiffness constants 150 N/m to 500 N/m and the capability to oscillate from 10 pm to 90 nm. AFM images of several samples both in amplitude modulation (tapping-mode) and in frequency modulation were obtained.
A novel biologically active eel calcitonin analogue with carboxyl terminal Hse32‐amide: Carboxyl terminal Pro32‐amide in calcitonin is not essential for biological activity (1996)

Eel calcitonin (CT) analogues having C-terminal homoserine (Hse)-amide at position 31, 32, or 33 were synthesized, and in vivo hypocalcemic activity of the analogues were determined. The present study showed that: (i) An eel CT analogue having Hse-amide at position 32 was more active than native eel CT, and the duration of hypocalcemic action of the analogue was equivalent to that of native eel CT. (ii) Either curtailment or elongation of [Hse32-amide]-eel CT peptide chain by one amino acid resulted in a great loss of hypocalcemic activity. The results of the present study indicate that Pro-amide at the C-terminus of CT is not essential for its biological activity in vivo. Replacement of C-terminal Pro32-amide by Hse32-amide in eel CT molecule produced an analogue with a hypocalcemic activity greater than that of native eel CT.
Reconfigurable mode of vibration in AlN MEMS resonators using phase change materials (2014)

This paper presents the first demonstration of a new approach to dynamic reconfiguration of the mode of vibration in AlN piezoelectric MEMS resonators using phase change material (PCM) based switchable electrodes. This innovative design solution enables effective ON/OFF switching of the acoustic resonance (~4.75X impedance variation at resonance), and reconfiguration of the device electromechanical coupling (kt <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> : 0 - 0.553%), capacitance (C: 309 - 937 fF), and operating frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ~257 MHz, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ~378 MHz). Such unique reconfiguration capabilities can potentially lead to the implementation of filter architectures (exclusively based on AlN/PCM high performance resonators and capacitors) whose frequency, order, bandwidth, and roll-off can be dynamically reconfigured.
Efficient training algorithms for neural networks based on memristive crossbar circuits (2015)

We have adapted backpropagation algorithm for training multilayer perceptron classifier implemented with memristive crossbar circuits. The proposed training approach takes into account switching dynamics of a particular, though very typical, type of memristive devices and weight update restrictions imposed by crossbar topology. The simulation results show that for crossbar-based multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer of 300 neurons misclassification rate on MNIST benchmark could be as low as 1.47% and 4.06% for batch and stochastic algorithms, respectively, which is comparable to the best reported results for similar neural networks.
Rapid Startup In Magnetrons Using The Transparent Cathode (2006)

The transparent cathode is a novel cathode design intended to provide rapid startup in pulsed, relativistic magnetrons (Fuks and Schamiloglu, 2005). The transparent cathode consists of separate longitudinal metal strips arranged on a cylindrical surface that act as electron emitters. The cathode may also contain a center conductor to provide mechanical support for the cathode strips
Design and IC implementation of a fully digital power management delay-line ADC (2014)

This paper presents the design and IC implementation of a fully-digital 10-bit, 4Mbps sampling rate, delay-line analog-to-digital converter (DL-ADC) for power management applications. The design of the ADC is based on the approach of delay cells string to reduce design complexity and the resultant the silicon area. A unique advantage of the new ADC architecture and the design process is that it is entirely based on standard digital cells out of a vendor's library. Namely, neither custom nor analog design is required, making the concept attractive in terms of performance, scalability to other implementation platforms, design complexity and cost. In this study, two implementation options to the DL-ADC architecture are presented, and both are demonstrated and verified with post-layout results on a Tower Jazz 0.18μm power management (TS18PM) platform. The total silicon area that is required for the implementation of the new DL-ADC sums at 0.05mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which confirms the area saving attribute of the concept and design procedure.
A scalable wireless virtual LAN (1996)

This paper presents a Wireless Virtual Local Area Network (WVLAN) to support mobility in IP-over-ATM networks. Mobility is handled by a joint ATM-layer handoff for insession mobility and MAC-layer handoff for inter-session mobility, such that the effects of mobility are localized and transparent to the higher-layer protocols. Different functions, such Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), mobile location, and ATM connection admission are combined to reduce front-end delay for connectionless packet transmission in connection-oriented ATM networks. The proposed WVLAN, through the use of ATM technology, provides a scalable wireless virtual LAN solution for IP mobile hosts.
Scaleable stagnation-flow reactors for uniform materials deposition: Application to combustion synthesis of diamond (1993)

We describe two inherently scaleable geometries for chemical-vapor-deposition and heat-transfer processes that are based on stagnation flows. The ‘‘coflow’’ and ‘‘trumpet-bell’’ designs result in radially uniform fluxes to surfaces and they optimize the use of reagents. Using a trumpet-bell burner, we have grown uniform films of diamond from a substrate-stabilized flat flame of C2H2/H2/O2.
<title>Unified approach of asymmetric watermarking schemes</title> (2001)

Asymmetric schemes belong to second generation of watermarking. Whereas their need and advantage are well understood, many doubts have been raised about their robustness and security. Four different asymmetric schemes have been proposed up to now. Whereas they were seemingly relying on completely different concepts, they share the same performances. Exploring in detail these concepts, the authors propose a common formulation of the four different detector processes. This allows to stress common features about security of asymmetric schemes.
Machine Learning Models for Road Surface and Friction Estimation using Front-Camera Images (2018)

Automotive active safety systems can significantly benefit from real-time road friction estimates (RFE) by adapting driving styles, specific to the road conditions. This work presents a 2-stage approach for indirect RFE estimation using front-view camera images captured from vehicles. In stage-1, convolutional neural network model architectures are implemented to learn region-specific features for road surface condition (RSC) classification. Texture-based features from the drivable surface, sky and surroundings are found to be separate regions of interest for dry, wet/water, slush and snow\ice RSC classification. In stage-2, a rule-based model that relies on domain-specific guidelines is implemented to segment the ego-lane drivable surface into [5×3] patches, followed by patch classification and quantization to separate images with high, medium and low RFE. The proposed method achieves average accuracy of 97% for RSC classification in stage-1 and 89% for RFE classification in stage-2, respectively. The 2-stage models are trained using publicly available data sets to enable benchmarking for future methodologies in the autonomous driving domain.
Fowl cholera: gel diffusion precipitin test for serotyping Pasteruella multocida from avian species. (1973)

SUMMARY Heat-stable antigens extracted with formalinized saline were used in the gel diffusion precipitin test to group Pasteurella multocida associated with fowl cholera into 5 serotypes. Of 258 field isolants tested, 33 were type 1, 157 were type 3, 28 were type 4, 4 were type 5, and 4 were type 6; 27 isolants reacted with type 3 antiserum and to a lesser extent with type 4 antiserum, and 5 isolants did not react with any antisera. Bacterins prepared with P. multocida serotypes 1, 3, and 4 induced good immunity in chickens and turkeys against organisms of the same serotype. A bacterin prepared with serotype 4 culture induced as good immunity against a serotype 5 challenge-exposure culture as was induced with the homologous bacterin. The serological behavior of the heat-stable antigens was compared by gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with partially purified lipopolysaccharide-protein complex (endotoxin) that had induced specific immunity in turkeys. Lines of identity were observed in the gel diffusion test, but a slight difference was observed with immunoelectrophoresis. The heat-stable antigen was demonstrated in the serum of a turkey with acute fowl cholera and in the blood of turkeys that died of the acute disease.
U-shaped fiber optics fabricated with a femtosecond laser and integrated into a localized plasmon resonance biosensor (2009)

A novel fiber-optic localized plasma resonance (FO-LPR) biosensor composed of a U-shaped optical fiber was proposed and demonstrated in the present study. The U-shaped optical fiber was fabricated by a femtosecond laser micromachining system. It was 105 µm in depth measured from the surface of the polymer jacket layer and 80 µm in width in the jacket layer. After treatment of annealing, the mean roughness of the surface was 342.24 nm as determined by AFM. The exposed surface of the U-shaped fiber was modified with self-assembled gold colloids to produce the FO-LPR sensor. Preliminary results show that the colloidal Au-modified U-shaped fiber by transmission power interrogation has a sensitivity of 1.768×10−3 RIU.
<title>Holographic transmission-type screens for projection of stereoscopic or multiview color images</title> (1997)

Holographic screen is an optical element of special kind with the directed light scattering, so that each pixel of the projected image on the screen sends light only in one observers eye (viewing zone). It is possible to record the holographic screen of two types: the reflection type screen and the transmission type one. In this paper the problem of compensation of high spectral dispersion of the transmission type holographic screen is considered. To overcome this problem the diffuse scatterer in the form of narrow long stripe, stretched in the direction to the reference beam axis, has been used. In order to simplify the recording setup, the large size holographic screen has been recorded with the diverging reference beam, because it is possible in this case to use small size optics. Experimentally the transmission type holographic screens have been recorded on the photoplates `Ilford' and PFG-01 (Russia). The screens have been used to display the stereoscopic and multiview color images from the slide-projector. The screen size was 30 X 40 cm. There is possibility to increase the screen size, if it is represented as mosaic of subscreens, each of them being recorded so, to minimize its aberrations.
Impact of total therapies on clinical outcome of myeloma stratified by risk and molecular subgroups. (2015)

8586 Background: Despite the introduction of new agents multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with unpredictable clinical course consistent with it being composed of a variety of subtypes with distinct molecular features. In order to shed light on the impact of this molecular heterogeneity on treatment response we examined clinical outcomes in our series of Total Therapy (TT) trials, stratified by risk status and molecular subgroup. Methods: We included 1318 patients with available baseline gene expression profiling (GEP) data enrolled on Total Therapy 2–5, stratified by GEP70-defined risk and molecular subgroup. We analyzed their effect on outcomes and timing of treatment failure in relation to protocol phase. Results: For GEP70-defined low risk (LR) MM, PFS and OS has incrementally improved with addition of thalidomide in TT2 and bortezomib (Bz) in TT3a and 3b. While Bz improved outcomes for LRMM within the MS molecular subgroup, it had no significant impact on MF cases. Outcomes for patients treated on TT4 designed for LRMM were similar to TT3a/b. The lower intensity treatment arm TT4-L had inferior outcomes compared to the standard arm. However patients with adverse cytogenetics had improved outcomes on TT4-L. Treatment failures in LRMM were rare and not correlated to treatment phase. CR rates in high-risk (HR) MM are similar to LRMM. Yet a more dose-dense chemotherapy in Total Therapy (TT) 5 failed to improve survival in HRMM. For HRMM treated on TT2 and 3, treatment failures occurred early in the inter-transplant or consolidation phases. Interestingly with dose dense therapy in TT5 treatment failure was not seen until the maintenance phase. Conclusions: HRMM has a distinct clinical course with high rates of primary refractory disease and early relapse. Changing therapy for HRMM from dose intense to dose dense has shifted treatment failure from the inter-transplant to the maintenance phase, which is now a setting where novel approaches can be used. For LRMM we can define distinct clinical response and outcome patterns dependent upon GEP-defined molecular subgroups. This differential response dependent upon treatment used at induction opens the potential for adjusting maintenance to take account of the disease subtype. Clinical trial information: NCT00869232.
OC-48 capable InGaAsN vertical cavity lasers (2001)

A selectively oxidised InGaAsN/GaAs three quantum well vertical cavity laser (VCSEL) demonstrated continuous wave (CW) lasing with a singlemode output power of 0.749 mW at 1266 nm. This is the first reported InGaAsN VCSEL capable of meeting the power and wavelength requirements for both OC-48 SR and OC-48 IR-1 compliant links. The VCSEL uses two low absorption n-type GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors and a tunnel junction to achieve current injection into the active region. A multimode version of the VCSEL had a output power of 1.43 mW at 1.26 µm. CW lasing continued up to temperatures as high as 107°C. The VCSEL material was grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy with an RF nitrogen plasma source.
Turbo trellis-coded modulation with time varying mixed mapping (2002)

We describe a technique to control the trade-off between the error floor and the waterfall performance of parallel concatenated trellis-coded. modulation (PCTCM), which is also known as turbo TCM, via the choice of coded-bits-to-signal mapping for a fixed component code. We demonstrate that different choice of mapping leads to different error floor and waterfall performance. One mapping may have the lowest error floor but result in poor waterfall performance, while another mapping may achieve the opposite. We then present the time-varying mixed mapping scheme for PCTCM systems. The proposed mixed mapping scheme enables us to generate a set of turbo trellis codes from two choices of coded-bits-to-signal mapping with various waterfall performance and error floor.
Application of Photoluminescence to High-Efficiency Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication (2006)

Photoluminescence (PL) characterization techniques have recently emerged as an accurate, fast, powerful tool for developing high-efficiency silicon solar cells. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of different PL techniques to several important aspects of high-efficiency solar cell development at UNSW: wafer handling, furnace contamination, process-induced defects, cell design and cell process monitoring
A multilevel domain decomposition algorithm for fast O(N/sup 2/logN) reprojection of tomographic images (2000)

A novel algorithm for fast computation of tomographic image projections is presented. The method comprises a decomposition of an image into subimages followed by an aggregation of projections computed for the subimages. The multilevel domain decomposition algorithm is formulated as a recursive procedure. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of FFT-based techniques while it appears to be more flexible than the latter. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Fast digitally variable differential group delay module using polarization switching (2003)

We demonstrate the first compact, programmable differential-group-delay (DGD) module based on polarization switching. With a unique binary tuning mechanism, the device can generate any DGD value from -45 ps to +45 ps in <1 ms with a resolution of 1.36 ps. The device exhibits negligible transient-effect induced power penalty (<0.2 dB) in a 10-Gb/s NRZ system.