gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epoxy-additive interaction studies of thermally reworkable underfills for flip-chip applications (2003)

Reworkable underfill encapsulant is the key to address the non-reworkability of the flip-chip-on-board packages. This paper presents work on epoxy-additive interaction studying to develop reworkable additive-modified underfills. Four additives that have the potential to provide epoxy reworkability are selected. Their interactions with epoxy composition before, during, and after epoxy curing are studied. The results show that all additives retain their thermal decomposition feature after they are incorporated into the epoxy formulation, and they do not adversely affect the epoxy properties. However, when the additive decomposition temperature is reached, the decomposition of the additive caused a big CTE jump in the epoxy matrix. Additionally, the adhesion of the epoxy matrix is greatly reduced. These two changes are considered important to provide reworkability to the epoxy. Based on the epoxy-additive interaction study, two additives are selected for developing reworkable additive-modified epoxy underfills.
Accurate Carbonate Pore System Characterization by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Micro-CT Techniques (2021)

Abstract Carbonate reservoir rocks usually have complex pore systems of broad size distributions, which determine many aspects of oil exploitation, from petrophysical properties to oil/water displacements. An accurate and complete description of these pore systems remains a challenge. A single technique often gives one measurement of complicated microscopic pore space. The new techniques (i.e., micro-CT and NMR) are utilized together with conventional methods (e.g., MICP, BET) to capture a more accurate and complete picture of pore structures. MICP measures the pore throat while the NMR T2 mainly measures the pore body. Micro-CT provides a 3D image of a limited sample size. Recently, NMR DDIF (decay due to diffusion in the internal field) for direct pore body size is extended from high to low magnetic field, which overcomes many limitations in pore system characterization. This study obtains pore throat size distributions from in-situ centrifuge capillary pressure and pore body size distributions from low field DDIF measurement and verifies them with micro-CT and BET/T2 in different types of carbonate rocks. The pore throat size distribution of the conventional sample is obtained from in-situ centrifuge capillary pressure. The major features of both macro and micro pore throat size distributions are captured. Pore size distributions are directly obtained from glass beads and carbonate rocks without calibration. Combined analysis of the pore size distribution from two methods reveals the underlying causes of their different petrophysical properties. The pore throat size distribution from in-situ centrifuge capillary pressure and pore size distribution from NMR DDIF can be employed to obtain a better understanding of conventional carbonate pore systems.
An autosomal dominant ataxia maps to 19q13: Allelic heterogeneity of SCA13 or novel locus? (2005)

The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (ADCAs) represent a growing and heterogeneous disease phenotype. Clinical characterization of a three-generation Filipino family segregating a dominant ataxia revealed cerebellar signs and symptoms. After elimination of known spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) loci, a genome-wide linkage scan revealed a disease locus in a 4-cM region of 19q13, with a 3.89 lod score. This region overlaps and reduces the SCA13 locus. However, this ADCA is clinically distinguishable from SCA13.
Motion-compensated image interpolation - rate conversion algorithms for hdtv (1997)

The Grand Alliance High Definition Television (GA HDTV) system has been tested and approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service. The aim of this dissertation is to develop new frame rate up-conversion algorithms for utilizing current media (24/30 Hz) source materials for HDTV.
A high quality frame rate up-conversion from 24/30 Hz to 60 Hz is essential for displaying information such as motion-picture films available at 24/30 Hz on HDTV receivers. In this dissertation we first address the problem of frame rate conversion and then develop new algorithms for high quality frame rate conversion of different types of source materials. These algorithms are used to perform the necessary frame rate up-conversion of source materials from a temporal rate of 24/30 to 60 Hz for HDTV. A cost effective approach is presented for displaying 24/30 Hz source materials on HDTV by utilizing the developed algorithms. The algorithms utilize motion information along with information about the 2-D sampling grids of the available digitized frames to directly interpolate from them the missing frames. Different methods are used for motion estimation between the available frames. For image sequences from panning static scenes, a simple block matching technique is used to estimate the pel-shifts between the available frames. For image sequences with in-scene motion, a 3-level hierarchical block matching scheme is used to estimate the displacement vector fields in a given image sequence. To better approximate motion field of a 3-D moving rigid object and linear deformation such as rotation and zooming, a 2-D affine transform motion model utilizing 2-D deformable triangular patches is used for motion estimation. A polynomial curve fit is used for estimating displacements of the available information within the missing frames. The missing frames are interpolated using corresponding pels/blocks lying on the same sampling grid from the other available frames. A fallback mode is incorporated into the algorithms to discontinue the interpolation process for those regions that are not present (or cannot be estimated properly) within the other available frames.
Finally, programs are written to implement the algorithms and are tested on different real video sequences. A display is created under the X windows system for simultaneous animation of both the original 24/30 Hz as well as the newly generated 60 Hz sequences.
Supersonic shear imaging: a multiwave imaging example (2008)

A new imaging method that relies on the simultaneous use of both a low frequency shear wave and a high frequency ultrasound is described. The shear waves have typically centimetric wavelengths and they propagated at low velocity in tissues. They are progressively distorted by the viscoelastic inhomogeneities of encountered tissues. When coupled to an ultrafast ultrasound scanner (5000 images per second), it allows for the follow up of the propagation of these waves with a millimetric resolution over a large zone of interest. From the spatiotemporal evolution of the shear displacement fields, inversion algorithms are used to recover the shear modulus and viscosity map with submillimetric resolution. These techniques are no more diffraction limited because, the near field of the transient waves is directly observed. In this multivave technique, the shear wave gives the contrast while the ultrasonic wave gives the spatial resolution. Shear waves are generated leveraging the innovative use of the ultrasonic radiation force generated by an ultrasound probe. A supersonic shear source is remotely created in tissues. Such a moving source creates two plane shear waves propagating in a Mach cone. In vivo images obtained in breast, liver, muscles will be presented that show the great interest of this quantitative imaging technique.
Multilayer Laue Lens for Hard X-ray Nano-Focusing Optics (2007)

The Multilayer Laue Lens (MLL) is a new concept for hard x-ray nano-focusing optics, technically challenging to fabricate, but having theoretically promising performance [1,2]. A MLL is a diffractive x-ray focusing optic operated in transmission Laue geometry, and can be fabricated by depositing a thick graded-spacing multilayer on a flat substrate and then sectioning it to produce a high-aspect-ratio optical structure. It differs from a “sputteredsliced” zone plate [3] in that the thinnest layers can be deposited first and the two halves of the structure can be tilted to the optimum diffraction angle for high efficiency. We have successfully fabricated MLL structures by employing deposition and sectioning techniques. The methods used to fabricate the MLL structures will be presented [4], as well as the measured x-ray diffraction and focusing properties of these MLL structures. X-rays at an energy of 19.5 keV were focused to <60 nm FWHM in a one-dimensional line focus. This is close to the expected theoretical focus size, indicating that the MLL is a promising candidate for future hard x-ray nano-focusing optics.
Cascaded light propagation volumes for real-time indirect illumination. (2010)

This paper introduces a new scalable technique for approximating indirect illumination in fully dynamic scenes for real-time applications, such as video games. We use lattices and spherical harmonics to represent the spatial and angular distribution of light in the scene. Our technique does not require any precomputation and handles large scenes with nested lattices. It is primarily targeted at rendering single-bounce indirect illumination with occlusion, but can be extended to handle multiple bounces and participating media. We demonstrate that our method produces plausible results even when running on current game console hardware with a budget of only a few milliseconds for performing all computation steps for indirect lighting. We evaluate our technique and show it in combination with a variety of popular real-time rendering techniques.
Blockwise Parallel Decoding for Deep Autoregressive Models (2018)

Deep autoregressive sequence-to-sequence models have demonstrated impressive performance across a wide variety of tasks in recent years. While common architecture classes such as recurrent, convolutional, and self-attention networks make different trade-offs between the amount of computation needed per layer and the length of the critical path at training time, generation still remains an inherently sequential process. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel blockwise parallel decoding scheme in which we make predictions for multiple time steps in parallel then back off to the longest prefix validated by a scoring model. This allows for substantial theoretical improvements in generation speed when applied to architectures that can process output sequences in parallel. We verify our approach empirically through a series of experiments using state-of-the-art self-attention models for machine translation and image super-resolution, achieving iteration reductions of up to 2x over a baseline greedy decoder with no loss in quality, or up to 7x in exchange for a slight decrease in performance. In terms of wall-clock time, our fastest models exhibit real-time speedups of up to 4x over standard greedy decoding.
Special electrodes for demanding cochlear conditions (2021)

Optimal matching of an electrode array to the cochlear anatomy plays a key role in bringing the best benefit of CI technology to the users. Even within the category of normal anatomy cochlea, the size variation is huge justifying MED-EL's FLEX electrode array to be available in five different lengths. Within the malformed inner-ear category the anatomical variation is huge, convincing MED-EL to custom-design the electrode array as per the request from the operating surgeons. Thanks to G. Bredberg, M. Beltrame, L. Sennaroglu, J. Gavilan, S. Plontke, T. Lenarz, J. Müller, and few others for their valuable suggestions on unique electrode designs satisfying various needs. Translational research efforts at MED-EL in cooperation with CI surgeons from across the world led to the implantation of a variety of electrode array designs in patients with special cochlear needs.
Detection and Segmentation of Antialiased Text in Screen Images (2011)

Various software applications deal with analyzing the textual content of screen captures. Interpreting these images as text poses several challenges, relative to images traditionally handled by optical character recognition (OCR) engines. One such challenge is caused by text antialiasing, a technique which blurs the edges of characters, to reduce jagged appearance. This blurring changes the character images according to context, and can sometimes fuse them together. In this paper, we offer a low-cost method that can be used as a preprocessing stage, prior to OCR. Our method locates antialiased text in a screen image and segments it into separate character images. Our proposed algorithm significantly improves OCR results, particularly in images with colored text of small font size, such as in graphic user interface (GUI) screens.
Generic coverage verification without location information using dimension reduction (2009)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently emerged as a key sensing technology with diverse civilian and military applications. In these networks, a large number of small sensors or nodes perform distributed sensing of a target field. Each node is capable of sensing events of interest within its sensing range and communicating with neighboring nodes. The target field is said to be k-covered if every point in it is within the sensing range of at least k sensors, where k is any positive integer. We present a comprehensive framework for verifying k-coverage of a d-dimensional target field for arbitrary positive integers k, d. Our framework uses a divide and conquer approach based on the technique of dimension reduction, in which the k-coverage verification problem in d-dimensions is reduced to a number of coverage verification problems in (d-1) dimensions, which are then recursively solved. Our framework leads to a distributed polynomial-time coverage verification algorithm that does not require knowledge of the locations of nodes or directional information, which is difficult to obtain in WSNs. Each node can execute the algorithm using only the distances between adjacent nodes within its transmission range and their sensing radii. We analytically prove that the scheme detects a coverage hole if and only if the target field has a coverage hole.
Personalized Exposure Control Using Adaptive Metering and Reinforcement Learning (2018)

We propose a reinforcement learning approach for real-time exposure control of a mobile camera that is personalizable. Our approach is based on Markov Decision Process (MDP). In the camera viewfinder or live preview mode, given the current frame, our system predicts the change in exposure so as to optimize the trade-off among image quality, fast convergence, and minimal temporal oscillation. We model the exposure prediction function as a fully convolutional neural network that can be trained through Gaussian policy gradient in an end-to-end fashion. As a result, our system can associate scene semantics with exposure values; it can also be extended to personalize the exposure adjustments for a user and device. We improve the learning performance by incorporating an adaptive metering module that links semantics with exposure. This adaptive metering module generalizes the conventional spot or matrix metering techniques. We validate our system using the MIT FiveK and our own datasets captured using iPhone 7 and Google Pixel. Experimental results show that our system exhibits stable real-time behavior while improving visual quality compared to what is achieved through native camera control.
Biomimetic nucleus pulposus scaffold created from bovine caudal intervertebral disc tissue utilizing an optimal decellularization procedure (2016)

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) and herniation (IDH) can result in low back pain and impart significant socioeconomic burden. These pathologies involve detrimental alteration to the nucleus pulposus (NP) either via biochemical degradation or extrusion from the IVD, respectively. Thus, engineering living NP tissue utilizing biomaterial scaffolds that recapitulate native NP microarchitecture, biochemistry, mechanical properties, and which support cell viability represents an approach to aiding patients with IDD and IDH. To date, an ideal biomaterial to support NP regeneration has yet to be developed; however, one promising approach to generating biomimetic materials is to employ the decellularization (decell) of xenogeneic NP tissue to remove host DNA while maintaining critical native extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Herein, 13 different procedures were evaluated in an attempt to decell bovine caudal IVD NP tissue. An optimal method was identified which was confirmed to effectively remove bovine DNA, while maintaining physiologically relevant amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen. Unconfined static and dynamic compressive mechanical properties of scaffolds approached values reported for human NP and viability of human amniotic stem cells (hAMSCs) was maintained on noncrosslinked and EDC/NHS treated scaffolds for up to 14 days in culture. Taken together, NP tissue obtained from bovine caudal IVDs can be successfully decelled in order to generate a biomimetic scaffold for NP tissue regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3093-3106, 2016.
A systematic construction of capacity-achieving irregular low-density parity-check codes (2004)

In this paper, we propose symmetric method to split column and rows of parity-check matrix (H/sup reg/) of regular LDPC code in order to construct capacity-achieving irregular LDPC code with a given distribution (/spl Lambda//sup req/, /spl Omega//sup req/).
Mechanical Computing Systems Using Only Links and Rotary Joints (2018)

A new model for mechanical computing is demonstrated that requires only two basic parts, links, and rotary joints. These basic parts are combined into two main higher level structures, locks, and balances, and suffice to create all necessary combinatorial and sequential logic required for a Turing-complete computational system. While working systems have yet to be implemented using this new approach, the mechanical simplicity of the systems described may lend themselves better to, e.g., microfabrication, than previous mechanical computing designs. Additionally, simulations indicate that if molecular-scale implementations could be realized, they would be far more energy-efficient than conventional electronic computers.
Adaptive Exploration of Locally Satisfiable Proposals for Design Layout (2014)

We present a new approach for rule-based design layout problems, examples of which include automated graphic design, furniture arrangement and synthesizing virtual worlds. We formulate this as a weighted constraint-satisfaction problem which is high-dimensional and requires non-convex optimization. We use a hyper-graph to represent a set of objects and the design rules applied to them. Although inference in graphs with higher order edges is computationally expensive, we present a hybrid solution-space exploration algorithm that adaptively represents higher order relations compactly. We exploit the fact that for many types of rules, satisfiable assignments can be found efficiently. In other words, these rules are locally satisfiable. Therefore we can sample from the known partial probability distribution function for each rule. Experimental results demonstrate that this sampling technique reduces the number of samples required by other algorithms by orders of magnitude. We demonstrate usage via different layout examples such as superimposing textual and visual elements on photographs. Our adaptive search algorithm is applicable to other optimization problems and generalizes many previously proposed local search based algorithms like graph cuts and iterated conditional modes.
Mutant huntingtin disrupts mitochondrial proteostasis by interacting with TIM23 (2019)

Mutant huntingtin (mHTT), the causative protein in Huntington's disease (HD), associates with the translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane 23 (TIM23) complex, resulting in inhibition of synaptic mitochondrial protein import first detected in presymptomatic HD mice. The early timing of this event suggests that it is a relevant and direct pathophysiologic consequence of mHTT expression. We show that, of the 4 TIM23 complex proteins, mHTT specifically binds to the TIM23 subunit and that full-length wild-type huntingtin (wtHTT) and mHTT reside in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. We investigated differences in mitochondrial proteome between wtHTT and mHTT cells and found numerous proteomic disparities between mHTT and wtHTT mitochondria. We validated these data by quantitative immunoblotting in striatal cell lines and human HD brain tissue. The level of soluble matrix mitochondrial proteins imported through the TIM23 complex is lower in mHTT-expressing cell lines and brain tissues of HD patients compared with controls. In mHTT-expressing cell lines, membrane-bound TIM23-imported proteins have lower intramitochondrial levels, whereas inner membrane multispan proteins that are imported via the TIM22 pathway and proteins integrated into the outer membrane generally remain unchanged. In summary, we show that, in mitochondria, huntingtin is located in the intermembrane space, that mHTT binds with high-affinity to TIM23, and that mitochondria from mHTT-expressing cells and brain tissues of HD patients have reduced levels of nuclearly encoded proteins imported through TIM23. These data demonstrate the mechanism and biological significance of mHTT-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial protein import, a mechanism likely broadly relevant to other neurodegenerative diseases.
Nanofluidic Platform for Single Mitochondria Analysis Using Fluorescence Microscopy (2013)

Using nanofluidic channels in PDMS of cross section 500 nm × 2 μm, we demonstrate the trapping and interrogation of individual, isolated mitochondria. Fluorescence labeling demonstrates the immobilization of mitochondria at discrete locations along the channel. Interrogation of mitochondrial membrane potential with different potential sensitive dyes (JC-1 and TMRM) indicates the trapped mitochondria are vital in the respiration buffer. Fluctuations of the membrane potential can be observed at the single mitochondrial level. A variety of chemical challenges can be delivered to each individual mitochondrion in the nanofluidic system. As sample demonstrations, increases in the membrane potential are seen upon introduction of OXPHOS substrates into the nanofluidic channel. Introduction of Ca(2+) into the nanochannels induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP), leading to depolarization, observed at the single mitochondrial level. A variety of applications in cancer biology, stem cell biology, apoptosis studies, and high throughput functional metabolomics studies can be envisioned using this technology.