gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and CD74, Receptor for MIF, in Rat Bladder During Persistent Cyclophosphamide-Induced Inflammation (2008)

The objective of this study was to determine if macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is upregulated in the bladder during persistent cystitis. MIF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine found pre-formed in the urothelium. Previous findings showed that acute bladder inflammation increased MIF release into the bladder lumen while upregulating MIF and CD74 (MIF receptor) in the bladder. Because the effects of persistent cystitis on MIF and CD74 are not known, MIF and CD74 changes in the bladder were examined after short-term (1-day) or persistent (8-day) cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced bladder inflammation. Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a single CYP treatment (150 mg/kg, ip; saline, control) and examined 1 day after treatment (short-term), or repeated CYP doses (20-75 mg/ kg, ip; saline, control; every third day for 8 days) and examined after 8 days of treatment (persistent). MIF protein levels in urine and bladder were determined. In addition, Mif, CD74, and cox-2 expression in the bladder was determined. Histology verified cystitis and MIF and CD74 immunoreactivity in the bladder. Repeated CYP doses were decreased to avoid toxicity. Short-term or repeated low CYP doses (40 mg/kg; 8 days) increased urinary MIF and decreased bladder MIF amounts while upregulating bladder Mif and CD74 mRNA expression. Persistent CYP-induced bladder inflammation (even at 40 mg/kg; 8-day treatment) also upregulated other inflammatory cytokines (CCL5, IL-11, iNOS) in the bladder. Short-term and persistent (low dose) CYP cystitis are associated with markedly increased MIF release into the urine and upregulation of Mif and CD74 in bladder. This supports the hypothesis that MIF and CD74 play a significant role in both acute and persistent stages of bladder inflammation.
A thermoacoustically driven orifice-pulse-tube cryocooler (1989)

The orifice pulse tube is a variant of Stirling-cycle refrigerator in which the cold, work-absorbing piston and crankshaft are replaced by a simple dissipative structure. To date, the oscillatory pressure needed to drive pulse tubes has been provided by complex, unreliable room-temperature pistons and crankshafts. In this presentation, plans and design calculations for driving an orifice pulse tube with a thermoacoustic engine will be discussed. In this composite device, heat flowing from a high-temperature source to a room-temperature sink will generate high-amplitude acoustic oscillations in high-pressure helium gas; these oscillations will power the orifice pulse tube, thereby pumping heat from a low-temperature source to a room-temperature sink. Thus the device is a heat-driven cryocooler with no moving parts. in this planned small laboratory device, it is expected that a few W of refrigeration at roughly 80 K using about 2 kW of heat at 1000 K will be produced. The nature of the oscillatory heat transfer and time-averaged enthalpy flow in the various components of the engine and cooler will also be discussed, comparing and contrasting the acoustic-frequency Stirling cycle in the cooler with the thermoacoustic cycle in the engine.
Controlling the Reflection Wavelength of Iridescent Solid Films of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (2010)

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) self-assembles in suspension to form iridescent chiral nematic films upon drying that can reflect circularly polarized light at specific wavelengths. Ultrasound treatment has now been found to increase the chiral nematic pitch in suspension and red-shift the reflection wavelength of NCC films as the applied energy increases. Sonication and electrolyte addition combined allow the reflective properties of the film to be predictably tuned. The effects of sonicating an NCC suspension are cumulative and permanent. Suspensions sonicated with different energy inputs may be mixed to give an NCC film having a reflection band intermediate between those obtained from the individual suspensions. The data suggest that the ultrasound-induced red-shift is electrostatic in nature.
The droplet laser plasma source for EUV lithography (2000)

Summary form only given.Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is now considered the leading technology to replace optical lithography at the 100-nm node for the production of advanced computer chips later this decade. EUVL is based on the use of all-reflective astigmatic multilayer-coated optics at 13 or 11 nm and a reflective 5:1 reduction mask illuminated by a bright point source. Currently the source of choice is a high repetition-rate (>1 kHz) laser-plasma, that must provide at least 7 W of radiation within a 3% spectral bandwidth, and be sufficiently free of particulate debris to ensure the long-lime life of multilayer collimating optics. Two laser-plasma source approaches are presently being pursued, one based on a high-pressure xenon gas jet target, and the other on plasmas produced from microscopic water droplets. The water droplet laser plasma was introduced in 1993, as a bright source of 13-nm and 11.6-nm line emission from lithium-like oxygen, generated by 10-ns duration, Nd:YAG laser pulses at /spl sim/10/sup 12/ W/cm/sup 2/. These mass-limited targets are expected to be totally ionized, avoiding completely the particulate target debris that plagued earlier sources. Our previous work with a 100-kHz droplet system and a 10-Hz laser demonstrated the attractive features of this approach.
Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption. (2012)

Searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) allows a client to encrypt its data in such a way that this data can still be searched. The most immediate application of SSE is to cloud storage, where it enables a client to securely outsource its data to an untrusted cloud provider without sacrificing the ability to search over it. SSE has been the focus of active research and a multitude of schemes that achieve various levels of security and effi-ciency have been proposed. Any practical SSE scheme, how-ever, should (at a minimum) satisfy the following proper-ties: sublinear search time, security against adaptive chosen-keyword attacks, compact indexes and the ability to add and delete files efficiently. Unfortunately, none of the previously-known SSE constructions achieve all these properties at the same time. This severely limits the practical value of SSE and decreases its chance of deployment in real-world cloud storage systems. To address this, we propose the first SSE scheme to satisfy all the properties outlined above. Our construction extends the inverted index approach (Curtmola et al., CCS 2006) in several non-trivial ways and introduces new techniques for the design of SSE. In addition, we implement our scheme and conduct a performance evaluation, showing that our approach is highly efficient and ready for deployment.
Protein nanoparticles formation by supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer (2002)

Abstract In recent years, the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation technique has emerged as a promising method for the formation of fine particles. Despite its numerous advantages, this technique still cannot be used to produce particles in the sub‐micron range (<300 nm) for many “soft” materials. A significantly improved SAS process can produce particles of controllable size, up to an order of magnitude smaller than those of the conventional SAS process, with a narrower size distribution. Like the conventional SAS technique, this new supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer technique utilizes supercritical carbon dioxide as the antisolvent, but the solution jet is deflected by a surface vibrating at an ultrasonic frequency atomizing the jet into much smaller droplets. Furthermore, the ultrasound field generated by the vibrating surface enhances mass transfer and prevents agglomeration through increased mixing. The particle size is controlled by varying the vibration intensity of the deflecting surface, which then can be adjusted by changing the power supplied to the attached ultrasound transducer. It is demonstrated by the formation of lysozyme nanoparticles and microparticles. The biological activity of the protein is retained during the processing.
New Bioartificial Polymeric Material: Poly(ethylene glycol) Cross-Linked with Albumin. I. Synthesis and Swelling Properties (1994)

A new family of translucide hydrogels obtained by cross-linking of bifunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of various molecular masses (M, 2,000 to 35,000) with an albumin protein, namely bovine serum albumin (BSA), is described. The composition and the structure of these hydrogels have been investigated on the basis of the molar ratio of reagents, and through measurements of PEG and BSA released during washing and swelling steps. It appears that an excess of activated PEG is required in the reaction mixture to allow the gel formation with PEG of molecular mass ranging from 3,350 to 10,000. Above these M r of PEG, smaller amounts of PEG are needed to carry out the gel formation. Experimental results suggest that the cross-link density decreases when the molecular mass of PEG increases. These hydrogels are characterized by a very high swelling ability with equilibrium water contents (EWC) ranging from 96.6 to 97.5% in distilled water containing NaN 3 at 0.02% (w/v). The swelling factors (SF) ranged from 14 to 40 according to the incuba tion medium and to the PEG molecular mass involved. The swelling rates increased with increasing PEG molecular mass used to synthesize the hy drogel. This family of hydrogels possesses a good porosity since diffusion of bovine serum albumin out of the hydrogel network was observed in a long-term period.
A new approach to closed loop autotuning for PID controllers (1998)

A simple method for the autotuning of PID controllers which keeps the PID controllers in closed loop is proposed. A limit circle is generated through setpoint relay to extract relevant information about the process dynamics. Ziegler-Nichols tuning formulas based on the reaction curve method and the ultimate gain and ultimate period method are used to calculate the PID parameters. Extensive simulations have shown that the proposed method is accurate and needs not to switch off the existing controller.
Air cooled bainitic steels for strong, seamless pipes Part 1 – alloy design, kinetics and microstructure (2009)

Seamless pipes are usually quenched and tempered after manufacture in order to obtain the desired properties. The possibility of avoiding this heat treatment is explored here, by designing steels which transform into an carbide free bainitic microstructure during cooling from the hot processing phase of the pipe. The cooling conditions studied are appropriate for the manufacturing process and care has been taken to ensure that the correct microstructure is generated for the range of cooling rates experienced in industrial practice. The alloy design has been validated by kinetic and microstructural studies.
Comparison of Three Methods to Improve Adherence of Thin Gold Films to Glass Substrates and Their Effect on the SERS Response (1999)

Vapor-deposited Ag and Au films exhibit high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity. With thin metal films, SERS spectra can be obtained by using a “backside” configuration in which the laser light is focused through the substrate onto the metal film/liquid (or gas) interface. Use of the “backside” configuration is particularly advantageous for obtaining SERS spectra of aqueous samples. Because excitation occurs only at the metal/film/liquid interface, both attenuation of the signal by water and fluorescence interference are minimized. However, noble metals, such as Ag and Au, do not adhere well to glass substrates, and significant exposure to water damages the films. In this paper, three methods of adhering Au to glass and their effect on the SERS response are examined. The methods include the use of a buffer metal between the SERS-active metal film and the glass substrate; the use of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MCTMS); and the use of organometallic paints. Of the methods examined, the best film adherence and SERS response was obtained by using MCTMS to bind the metal film to a chemically etched glass slide.
Estimation of Graphlet Statistics (2017)

Graphlets are induced subgraphs of a large network and are important for understanding and modeling complex networks. Despite their practical importance, graphlets have been severely limited to applications and domains with relatively small graphs. Most previous work has focused on exact algorithms, however, it is often too expensive to compute graphlets exactly in massive networks with billions of edges, and finding an approximate count is usually sufficient for many applications. In this work, we propose an unbiased graphlet estimation framework that is (a) fast with significant speedups compared to the state-of-the-art, (b) parallel with nearly linear-speedups, (c) accurate with <1% relative error, (d) scalable and space-efficient for massive networks with billions of edges, and (e) flexible for a variety of real-world settings, as well as estimating macro and micro-level graphlet statistics (e.g., counts) of both connected and disconnected graphlets. In addition, an adaptive approach is introduced that finds the smallest sample size required to obtain estimates within a given user-defined error bound. On 300 networks from 20 domains, we obtain <1% relative error for all graphlets. This is significantly more accurate than existing methods while using less data. Moreover, it takes a few seconds on billion edge graphs (as opposed to days/weeks). These are by far the largest graphlet computations to date.
All-hex meshing using closed-form induced polycube (2016)

The polycube-based hexahedralization methods are robust to generate all-hex meshes without internal singularities. They avoid the difficulty to control the global singularity structure for a valid hexahedralization in frame-field based methods. To thoroughly utilize this advantage, we propose to use a frame field without internal singularities to guide the polycube construction. Theoretically, our method extends the vector fields associated with the polycube from exact forms to closed forms, which are curl free everywhere but may be not globally integrable. The closed forms give additional degrees of freedom to deal with the topological structure of high-genus models, and also provide better initial axis alignment for subsequent polycube generation. We demonstrate the advantages of our method on various models, ranging from genus-zero models to high-genus ones, and from single-boundary models to multiple-boundary ones.
Development of capsular polysaccharide-based glycoconjugates for immunization against melioidosis and glanders (2012)

Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, cause severe disease in humans and animals and are considered potential agents of biological warfare and terrorism. Diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by these pathogens can be challenging and, in the absence of chemotherapeutic intervention, acute disease is frequently fatal. At present, there are no human or veterinary vaccines available for immunization against these emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases. One of the long term objectives of our research, therefore, is to identify and characterize protective antigens expressed by B. pseudomallei and B. mallei and use them to develop efficacious vaccine candidates. Previous studies have demonstrated that the 6-deoxy-heptan capsular polysaccharide (CPS) expressed by these bacterial pathogens is both a virulence determinant and a protective antigen. Consequently, this carbohydrate moiety has become an important component of the various subunit vaccines that we are currently developing in our laboratory. In the present study, we describe a reliable method for isolating CPS antigens from O-polysaccharide (OPS) deficient strains of B. pseudomallei; including a derivative of the select agent excluded strain Bp82. Utilizing these purified CPS samples, we also describe a simple procedure for covalently linking these T-cell independent antigens to carrier proteins. In addition, we demonstrate that high titer IgG responses can be raised against the CPS component of such constructs. Collectively, these approaches provide a tangible starting point for the development of novel CPS-based glycoconjugates for immunization against melioidosis and glanders.
Airborne Fluid Lensing for Precision Reef Mapping – New Results from Guam’s Priority Coral Reefs (2021)

Fluid lensing, a passive remote sensing technology, exploits refractive fluid distortions and caustics caused by ocean waves for cm-scale 3D imaging of coral reefs. Results at 45ft depth are presented from a recent Guam campaign.
Effective Use of Psychoacoustics in Motion-Tracked Binaural Audio (2008)

Binaural sound capture and reproduction can produce sound of remarkable quality and realism over headphones. It also suffers from shortcomings that have hindered its widespread usage. Most notably, it does not eliminate the in-head localization that is also experienced with stereo recordings. Motion-tracking that restores the dynamic cues caused by normal movements of the head is necessary to externalize binaural sounds, but its computational requirements may be heavy. We have developed practical methods that realize motion-tracked binaural sound (MTB) both in capture and reproduction. In this paper, we review briefly the research on the effect of head motion on the perception of spatial sound, describe MTB and its variants, compare it to HTRF-based rendering, and discuss our experience with binaural motion tracked sound.
MiR223-3p promotes synthetic lethality in BRCA1-deficient cancers (2019)

Defects in DNA repair give rise to genomic instability, leading to neoplasia. Cancer cells defective in one DNA repair pathway can become reliant on remaining repair pathways for survival and proliferation. This attribute of cancer cells can be exploited therapeutically, by inhibiting the remaining repair pathway, a process termed synthetic lethality. This process underlies the mechanism of the Poly-ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) inhibitors in clinical use, which target BRCA1 deficient cancers, which is indispensable for homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. HR is the major repair pathway for stressed replication forks, but when BRCA1 is deficient, stressed forks are repaired by back-up pathways such as alternative nonhomologous end-joining (aNHEJ). Unlike HR, aNHEJ is nonconservative, and can mediate chromosomal translocations. In this study we have found that miR223-3p decreases expression of PARP1, CtIP, and Pso4, each of which are aNHEJ components. In most cells, high levels of microRNA (miR) 223-3p repress aNHEJ, decreasing the risk of chromosomal translocations. Deletion of the miR223 locus in mice increases PARP1 levels in hematopoietic cells and enhances their risk of unprovoked chromosomal translocations. We also discovered that cancer cells deficient in BRCA1 or its obligate partner BRCA1-Associated Protein-1 (BAP1) routinely repress miR223-3p to permit repair of stressed replication forks via aNHEJ. Reconstituting the expression of miR223-3p in BRCA1- and BAP1-deficient cancer cells results in reduced repair of stressed replication forks and synthetic lethality. Thus, miR223-3p is a negative regulator of the aNHEJ DNA repair and represents a therapeutic pathway for BRCA1- or BAP1-deficient cancers.
Wafer-level integration of NiTi shape memory alloy wires for the fabrication of microactuators using standard wire bonding technology (2011)

This paper reports on the first integration of SMA wires into silicon based MEMS structures using a standard wire bonder. This approach allows fast and efficient placement, alignment and mechanical attachment of NiTi-based SMA wires to silicon-based MEMS. The wires are mechanically anchored and clamped into deep-etched silicon structures on a wafer. The placement precision is high with an average deviation of 4 μm and the mechanical clamping is strong, allowing successful actuation of the SMA wires.
Photonic crystal fiber metalens (2018)

Abstract Conventional optical fiber has excellent performance in guiding light, which has been widely employed for long‐distance optical communication. Although the optical fiber is efficient for transmitting light, its functionality is limited by the dielectric properties of the core’s and cladding’s materials (e.g. Ge‐doped‐silica and silica glasses). The spot size of the transmitted light is diverging and restricted by the diffraction limit of the dielectric core, and the numerical aperture is determined by the refractive index of the fiber materials. However, the novel technology of metasurfaces is opening the door to a variety of optical fiber innovations. Here, we report an ultrathin optical metalens directly patterned on the facet of a photonic crystal optical fiber that enables light focusing in the telecommunication regime. In‐fiber metalenses with focal lengths of 28 μm and 40 μm at a wavelength of 1550 nm are demonstrated with maximum enhanced optical intensity as large as 234%. The ultrathin optical fiber metalens may find novel applications in optical imaging, sensing, and fiber laser designs.
Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae adhesin (P1) in the nonhemadsorbing population of virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1985)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae organisms possessing a hemadsorbing-negative (HA-) phenotype comprise more than 50% of the population of virulent M. pneumoniae cultures. Monoclonal antibody to P1, the major adhesin of M. pneumoniae reacts with this HA- mycoplasma fraction based upon radioimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Demonstration of P1 in the entire mycoplasma population suggests that topological organization of this adhesin in the membrane or the physiological state of the mycoplasmas may determine hemadsorbing capabilities.
Content-based audio copy detection using nearest-neighbor mapping (2010)

We report results on audio copy detection for TRECVID 2008 copy detection task. This task involves searching for transformed audio queries in over 200 hours of test audio. The queries were transformed in seven different ways, three of them involved mixing unrelated speech to the original query, making it a much more difficult task. We give results with a few promising algorithms and show that mapping each test frame to the nearest query frame results in robust audio copy detection. The minimal normalized detection cost rate (NDCR) for even the worst case transformations is less than 0.03. The algorithm provides easy parallel processing on a graphics processing unit, leading to a very fast search.