gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Generation of an Engineered Interleukin-10 Protein With Improved Stability and Biological Function (2020)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in modulating inflammation. IL-10 has inhibitory effects on proinflammatory cytokine production and function <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>; as such, IL-10 is viewed as a potential treatment for various inflammatory diseases. However, a significant drawback of using IL-10 in clinical application is the fact that the biologically active form of IL-10 is an unstable homodimer, which has a short half-life and is easily degraded <i>in vivo</i>. Consequently, IL-10 therapy using recombinant native IL-10 has had only limited success in the treatment of human disease. To improve the therapeutic potential of IL-10, we have generated a novel form of IL-10, which consists of two IL-10 monomer subunits linked in a head to tail fashion by a flexible linker. We show that the linker length <i>per se</i> did not affect the expression and biological activity of the stable IL-10 molecule, which was more active than natural IL-10, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. We confirmed that the new form of IL-10 had a much-improved temperature- and pH-dependent biological stability compared to natural IL-10. The IL-10 dimer protein binds to the IL-10 receptor similarly to the natural IL-10 protein, as shown by antibody blocking and through the genetic modifications of one monomer in the IL-10 dimer specifically at the IL-10 receptor binding site. Finally, we showed that stable IL-10 is more effective at suppressing LPS-induced-inflammation <i>in vivo</i> compared to the natural IL-10. In conclusion, we have developed a new stable dimer version of the IL-10 protein with improved stability and efficacy to suppress inflammation. We propose that this novel stable IL-10 dimer could serve as the basis for the development of targeted anti-inflammatory drugs.
Direct role of Bardet–Biedl syndrome proteins in transcriptional regulation (2012)

Primary cilia are conserved organelles that play crucial roles as mechano- and chemosensors, as well as transducing signaling cascades. Consequently, ciliary dysfunction results in a broad range of phenotypes: the ciliopathies. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a model ciliopathy, is caused by mutations in 16 known genes. However, the biochemical functions of the BBS proteins are not fully understood. Here we show that the BBS7 protein (localized in the centrosomes, basal bodies and cilia) probably has a nuclear role by virtue of the presence of a biologically confirmed nuclear export signal. Consistent with this observation, we show that BBS7 interacts physically with the polycomb group (PcG) member RNF2 and regulate its protein levels, probably through a proteasome-mediated mechanism. In addition, our data supports a similar role for other BBS proteins. Importantly, the interaction with this PcG member is biologically relevant because loss of BBS proteins leads to the aberrant expression of endogenous RNF2 targets in vivo, including several genes that are crucial for development and for cellular and tissue homeostasis. Our data indicate a hitherto unappreciated, direct role for the BBS proteins in transcriptional regulation and potentially expand the mechanistic spectrum that underpins the development of ciliary phenotypes in patients.
The Laccophilinae Gistel, 1848 of Belize (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) (2017)

Scheers, Kevin, Hájek, Bergsten, Hájek (2017): The Laccophilinae Gistel, 1848 of Belize (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13272590, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13272590
Enabling dynamic content caching for database-driven web sites (2001)

Web performance is a key differentiation among content providers. Snafus and slowdowns at major web sites demonstrate the difficulty that companies face trying to scale to a large amount of web traffic. One solution to this problem is to store web content at server-side and edge-caches for fast delivery to the end users. However, for many e-commerce sites, web pages are created dynamically based on the current state of business processes, represented in application servers and databases. Since application servers, databases, web servers, and caches are independent components, there is no efficient mechanism to make changes in the database content reflected to the cached web pages. As a result, most application servers have to mark dynamically generated web pages as non-cacheable. In this paper, we describe the architectural framework of the CachePortal system for enabling dynamic content caching for database-driven e-commerce sites. We describe techniques for intelligently invalidating dynamically generated web pages in the caches, thereby enabling caching of web pages generated based on database contents. We use some of the most popular components in the industry to illustrate the deployment and applicability of the proposed architecture.
Near real-time CSG rendering using tree normalization and geometric pruning (1989)

A description is given of a set of algorithms for efficiently rendering an object defined by constructive solid geometry (CSG) directly onto a frame buffer without converting first to a boundary representation. This method requires only that the frame buffer contain sufficient memory to hold two color values, two depth values, and three one-bit flags. The algorithm first converts the CSG tree to a normalized form that is analogous to the sum-of-products form for Boolean switching functions. The following are developed: dynamic interleaving of Boolean tree normalization with bounding-box pruning, allowing efficient rendering for most CSG objects; a method for extending the technique to nonconvex primitives; and implementation of these ideas in an interactive CSG design system on the Pixel-planes 4 solid modeling system. In the design system the designer directly manipulates the CSG structure while continuously viewing the color rendering of the object being designed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pesticides and Public Health: Integrated Methods of Mosquito Management (2001)

Pesticides have a role in public health as part of sustainable integrated mosquito management. Other components of such management include surveillance, source reduction or prevention, biological control, repellents, traps, and pesticide-resistance management. We assess the future use of mosquito control pesticides in view of niche markets, incentives for new product development, Environmental Protection Agency registration, the Food Quality Protection Act, and improved pest management strategies for mosquito control.
Digital Programmable Time-Parameter Relay Offers Versatility and Accuracy (1980)

The authors have developed, implemented, and tested an improved time-parameter relay. The relay principles are suitable for all time-overcurrentli- applications, and are also suitable for any time-parmeter function. Specific advantages include: protection of multiple phase; high accuracy, especially for long operating times; inclusion of a reclosing relaync - function; any time-parameter curve characteristics; and straightforward implementation of input parameter- metering. The relay hardware is essentially an analog- to-digital conversion scheme followed by a dedicated microprocessor which processes samples of the input quantity in accordance with the principles and algorithms described in this paper. The magnitude of the input quantity, which is assumed to be an AC voltage or current, is determined from four samples per cycle. DC components of the input quantity are ignored. However, the relay could be adapted to DC applications by simple modification of the magnitude estimating functions. The accurate long-time characteristics and the selectable reset characteristics suggest this relay is especially applicable to the protection via thermal characteristic emulation of electrical equipment, such as motors or cables, from overheating.
Conducting polymers (1992)

The fabrication of conducting polymers is briefly described. Advances in stability and processing characteristics, which have been the main barriers to the commercialization of these materials, are examined. The first commercial use of a conducting polymer in a 3 V, coin-sized primary battery is discussed. These batteries are compared with those produced using other technologies, and their possible applications are considered. Potential uses in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, coatings, semiconductor devices, solar cells, and aircraft are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural Insights into Recognition of Triple-helical β-Glucans by an Insect Fungal Receptor (2011)

The innate ability to detect pathogens is achieved by pattern recognition receptors, which recognize non-self-components such as β1,3-glucan. β1,3-Glucans form a triple-helical structure stabilized by interchain hydrogen bonds. β1,3-Glucan recognition protein (βGRP)/gram-negative bacteria-binding protein 3 (GNBP3), one of the pattern recognition receptors, binds to long, structured β1,3-glucan to initiate innate immune response. However, binding details and how specificity is achieved in such receptors remain important unresolved issues. We solved the crystal structures of the N-terminal β1,3-glucan recognition domain of βGRP/GNBP3 (βGRP-N) in complex with the β1,3-linked glucose hexamer, laminarihexaose. In the crystals, three structured laminarihexaoses simultaneously interact through six glucose residues (two from each chain) with one βGRP-N. The spatial arrangement of the laminarihexaoses bound to βGRP-N is almost identical to that of a β1,3-glucan triple-helical structure. Therefore, our crystallographic structures together with site-directed mutagenesis data provide a structural basis for the unique recognition by such receptors of the triple-helical structure of β1,3-glucan.
Activation thermodynamics of virus adsorption to solids (1988)

The kinetics of bacteriophage MS2, T2, and f2 adsorption to powdered nitrocellulose and disrupted Seitz S1 filters at pH 7 were determined as a function of temperature. Data from these studies were combined with data produced in a previous study on MS2 adsorption to clay by Stagg et al. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:385-391, 1977). These workers studied the adsorption of MS2 to bentonite clay as a function of temperature. Data from both this previous study and the current one were used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters of virus adsorption. The results show that adsorption of bacteriophages to the solids tested is a physical process (energy of activation, less than 40 kcal [168 J]/mol) rather than a chemical process (energy of activation, greater than 40 kcal/mol). The free energy of activation showed a high negative correlation (r = -0.904, r2 = 0.817) with the percentage of virus adsorption to the solids tested. The energy of activation was highly negatively correlated with the percentage of virus adsorption to nitrocellulose and clay (r = -0.913, r2 = 0.834) but poorly correlated with the percentage of virus adsorption to disrupted Seitz S1 filters (r = -0.348, r2 = 0.121). In general, under conditions in which the percentage of virus adsorption was low, the energy of activation, the free energy of activation, and the entropy of activation were high. Increasing the percentage of virus adsorbed by changing the adsorbing conditions or changing the adsorbing solid decreased the energy of activation, the free energy of activation, and the entropy of activation.
Emulsion Properties of Casein and Whey Protein Hydrolysates and the Relation with Other Hydrolysate Characteristics (2001)

Casein and whey protein were hydrolyzed using 11 different commercially available enzyme preparations. Emulsion-forming ability and emulsion stability of the digests were measured as well as biochemical properties with the objective to study the relations between hydrolysate characteristics and emulsion properties. All whey protein hydrolysates formed emulsions with bimodal droplet size distributions, signifying poor emulsion-forming ability. Emulsion-forming ability of some casein hydrolysates was comparable to that of intact casein. Emulsion instability was caused by creaming and coalescence. Creaming occurred mainly in whey hydrolysate emulsions and in casein hydrolysate emulsions containing large emulsion droplets. Coalescence was dominant in casein emulsions with a broad particle size distribution. Emulsion instability due to coalescence was related to apparent molecular weight distribution of hydrolysates; a relative high amount of peptides larger than 2 kDa positively influences emulsion stability.
Production of Off‐Odor Volatiles from Liposome‐Containing Amino Acid Homopolymers by Irradiation (2002)

ABSTRACT: Irradiation not only generated many new volatiles but also destroyed some volatiles already present in nonirradiated amino acid homopolymer‐in‐liposome systems. The amounts of some volatiles greatly increased, but others significantly decreased after irradiation. The majority of newly generated and increased volatiles by irradiation were sulfur compounds, indicating that sulfur amino acids are the most susceptible to changes by irradiation. More than one site in amino acid side chains was labile to free radical attack, and many volatiles were produced by the secondary chemical reactions after the primary radiolytic degradation of side chains. Although nonirradiated samples also produced some sulfury notes, irradiated samples produced much a stronger and astringent sulfury odor than nonirradiated samples.
乔·曼根尼罗：超级英雄 (2011)

因《真爱如血》中的“狼人A”角色走红后，乔·量根尼罗在各种杂志的拍摄邀约一律赤裸上半身。不管是女性杂志《COSMOPOLITAN》，还是男性杂志《GQ》，全都对他的肌肉线条情有独钟．这不得不让人感叹：好身材是万能的!
Intracavity diamond heatspreaders in lasers: the effects of birefringence (2006)

The birefringence of a number of commercially-available diamond platelets is assessed in the context of their use for intracavity thermal management in lasers. Although diamond is normally thought of as isotropic, significant birefringence is found to be present in some samples, with considerable variation from batch to batch, and in some cases across an individual sample. Nonetheless, low-loss operation is achieved in a laser cavity containing a Brewster element, either by rotating the sample or by using a diamond platelet with low birefringence.
Neuroprotection in cerebrovascular disease (2000)

The role of neuroprotection in the management of acute cerebrovascular disease is reviewed. Neuroprotection is a valuable adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral ischaemia. Various pharmacological approaches for neuroprotection are based on the current knowledge of molecular events in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischaemia. Reperfusion injury following restitution of circulation is also considered to be mediated by free radicals. Various strategies include free radical scavengers, anti-excitotoxic agents, apoptosis (programmed cell death) inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, metal ion chelators, ion channel modulatory, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy. The various agents aim to prevent the progression of ischaemic cascade therefore reducing brain damage and some of these intervene at more than one point in the ischaemic cascade. Neuroprotection is considered as an adjunct to therapies designed to improve cerebral circulation such as thrombolytic agents for arterial thrombosis. Clinical effectiveness of some of the strategies has not be proven in clinical trials, some of which had to be abandoned due to adverse effects outweighing the beneficial effects. Efforts to develop new neuroprotective agents continue and prospects for the introduction of an effective neuroprotective agent(s) in the next few years are good. Apart from acute cerebrovascular disease, neuroprotective therapy has a role in preventing cerebral ischaemia in high risk cardiovascular procedures as well as in neurodegenerative disorders which has some common pathomechanisms with cerebrovascular disease. Currently, the most promising agents are free radical scavengers. In the near future, gene therapy approaches are likely to prove more effective in neuroprotection.
The tissue specific nature of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: gaining better understanding for improved clinical outcomes (2015)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that are derived from most adult tissue as well as cord blood and placenta. MSCs are defined by their adherent nature, ability to propagate in culture and capacity to differentiate into bone fat and cartilage. However, many studies have shown that MSCs, derived from different tissues, differ both in their in situ and in vitro phenotypes. Despite abundance of MSCs studies, little is known about the molecular events that control their tissue specific nature. Two recent studies comparing MSCs derived from different tissues have now found clues to the molecular mechanisms that control the tissue specific nature ofthese cells. In the first, the superior genomic stability of adipose derived MSCs (ASCs), compared to bone marrow (BM) MSCs, was explained by reduced H19, a long non-coding RNA expression and increased p53 activity of ASCs. In the second, a compression of abdominal and subcutaneous ASCs reveals poor propagation, differentiation and migration capacities of abdominal ASCs that is explained by their increased tendency to over-accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in culture. ROS over production in abdominal ASCs was shown to be controlled by the NADPH oxidase NOX1. The unique features of MSCs derived from different tissues suggest a tissue specific molecular signature arising from the tissue of origin that is retained during culture. The implications of this phenomenon on our understanding of the role and function of MSCs in situ as well as on their clinical utilization, is discussed.
Inhibition of autotaxin alleviates inflammation and increases the expression of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 and Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger 3 in SAMP1/Fc mice (2018)

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disease that is often associated with malnutrition because of inflammation in the small intestine. Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that produces extracellular lysophosphatidic acid. Increasing evidence suggests that ATX is upregulated during inflammation, and inhibition of ATX has been effective in attenuating chronic inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis. This study aims to determine whether inhibition of ATX alleviates CD-associated inflammation and malnutrition by using SAMP1/Fc mice, a model of CD-like ileitis. SAMP1/Fc mice were treated the ATX inhibitor PF-8380 for 4 wk. Inhibition of ATX led to increased weight gain in SAMP1/Fc mice, decreased T helper 2 cytokine expression, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and attenuated immune cell migration. SAMP1/Fc mice have low expression of Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), suggesting impaired nutrient absorption associated with ileitis. PF-8380 treatment significantly enhanced SGLT1 expression in SAMP1/Fc mice, which could reflect the increased weight changes. However, IL-4 or IL-13 did not alter SGLT1 expression in Caco-2 cells, ruling out their direct effects on SGLT1 expression. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the expression of sucrase-isomaltase, a marker for intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation, was decreased in inflamed regions of SAMP1/Fc mice, which was partially restored by PF-8380. Moreover, expression of Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger 3 was also improved by PF-8380, suggesting that suppression of inflammation by PF-8380 enhanced IEC differentiation. Our study therefore suggests that ATX is a potential target for treating intestinal inflammation and restoration of the absorptive function of the intestine. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first, to our knowledge, to determine whether autotoxin (ATX) inhibition improves inflammation and body weights in SAMP1/Fc mice, a mouse model of ileitis. ATX inhibition increased body weights of SAMP1/Fc mice and increased Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) expression. Increased SGLT1 expression in the inflamed regions was not a direct effect of cytokines but an indirect effect of increased epithelial cell differentiation upon ATX inhibition.
Experimentally Generated Random Numbers Certified by the Impossibility of Superluminal Signaling (2017)

Random numbers are an important resource for applications such as numerical simulation and secure communication. However, it is difficult to certify whether a physical random number generator is truly unpredictable. Here, we exploit the phenomenon of quantum nonlocality in a loophole-free photonic Bell test experiment for the generation of randomness that cannot be predicted within any physical theory that allows one to make independent measurement choices and prohibits superluminal signaling. To certify and quantify the randomness, we describe a new protocol that performs well in an experimental regime characterized by low violation of Bell inequalities. Applying an extractor function to our data, we obtained 256 new random bits, uniform to within 0.001.
On Free Speech and Civil Discourse: Filtering Abuse in Blog Comments. (2008)

Internet blogs provide forums for discussions within virtual communities, allowing readers to post comments on what they read. However, such comments may contain abuse, such as personal attacks, offensive remarks about race or religion, or commercial spam, all of which reduce the value of community discussion. Ideally, filters would promote civil discourse by removing abusive comments while protecting free speech by not removing any comments unnecessarily. In this paper, we investigate the use of user flags to train filters for this task, with the goal of empowering each community to enforce its own standards. We find encouraging results on experiments using a large corpus of blog comment data with real users flags. We conclude by proposing several novel deployment schemes for filters in this setting. 1
Application of Dope-free Tubular Connection to SAGD and its Works (1999)

Abstract This study deals with the laboratory test results on the application of a dope-free connection (DFC) to a steam injection well, and the running results in the actual well. A mechanical shock test, thermal shock test, and make-and-break (M&B) test were performed to evaluate the durability and the galling resistance of DFC with the new surface treatment. In addition, the effect of coating damage on the connection performance has been investigated. Under the predicted loading conditions, the connection performance was evaluated. The connections were used in steam assisted gravity drains (SAGD). As the results of the test, it was found that DFC have enough galling resistance at an extremely low temperature and after a thermal shock was applied thereto. The galling resistance was not degraded in the case of a connection having a solid lubricant with coating damage. The joint strength and the gas tightness were maintained under repeated tensile and compressive loads at an elevated temperature. In the field usage, all connections were made-up without any thread compound grease (TCG), so that their running efficiency could be improved. In conclusion, it is apparent from the results of the tests that DFC can endure field application. DFC not only eliminates the environmental problems caused by TCG, but also has some potential for saving running time.