gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Mitochondrial-Targeted Peptide, SS31, Protects Murine 661W Cells from Oxidative Damage via Induction of Autophagy (2020)

The goal of this study was to examine the impact of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant peptide, SS31, and its role in promoting autophagy in cone photoreceptor 661W cells that were subjected to oxidative damage. To do so, we examined the viability of 661W cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of H₂O₂ with or without SS31 pre-treatment using the MTT assay and by expression of autophagy and apoptosis-associated proteins LC3-II/I, P62, and caspase-3. Autophagy was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy in cells stained with monodansyl cadaverine (MDC). Autophagy was induced with rapamycin (Rap) and inhibited with bafamycin A1 (bafA1) followed by examination of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in target 661W cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Annexin V/PI staining was used to evaluate the rate of apoptosis and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) analysis (Illumina platform) was performed on H₂O₂-exposed 661W cells treated with SS31. Among our results, we observed a substantial and concentration-dependent decrease in 661W cell viability in response to H₂O₂-exposure; production of ROS, autophagy and apoptosis were induced at 8 h in response to exposure to 100 <i>μ</i>M of H₂O₂. Pre-treatment with 100 nM SS31 resulted in significant attenuation of H₂O₂-mediated cytotoxicity, together with reduced ROS production and enhanced autophagy observed in response to oxidative stress. Both Rap and bafA1 were used to modulate SS31-mediated autophagy; the impact of Rap was similar to that of SS31. By contrast, administration of bafA1 counteracted autophagy induced by SS31. Furthermore, mRNAseq analysis revealed that SS31 promoted significant alterations in gene expression in 661W cells and suggested that autophagy was induced via the mTORC1-mediated signaling. In conclusion, our results indicate that exposure to H₂O₂ resulted in reduced 661W cell viability via mechanisms associated with oxidative damage, apoptosis, and autophagy. Notably, we demonstrated that pre-treatment with SS31 protects 661W cells from H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage that may result in part from induction of autophagy via mTORC1-mediated signaling pathways.
Microrna-27b Is a Regulatory Hub in Lipid Metabolism and Is Altered in Dyslipidemia (2012)

miR-27b is responsive to lipid levels and controls multiple genes critical to dyslipidemia.
[CD44 variant increases the invasive ability of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells]. (2010)

A new CD44 gene variant has been found in adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells. The expression vector pcDNA3.1-CD44v17 has been cloned and constructed successfully. HA can be integrated with CD44 variant and then regulates the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which increases the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells through the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.
Flexible Collaborative Support: an architecture and application (2002)

The field of computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) has led to many advances in both the study of cooperative work groups and the development of collaboration technologies. However, a number of key research issues remain. Two of these issues are: (1) the seamless integration of support for asynchronous and synchronous cooperative work, and (2) the ability for individual users to flexibly change or tailor their mode of collaboration while engaged in real time interaction. The paper describes a new approach to handling both these issues. The approach is called the Flexible Collaborative Support (FLECS) framework. It relies on the use of active database technology, an explicit organizational model, and flexible transaction management. This approach bridges the gap between CSCW and multi-user database systems. It does so by supporting awareness of other users' presence in the information space as well as providing visualization of other users' actions, thus fulfilling the most fundamental requirement of CSCW systems. At the same time, the FLECS framework capitalizes on the data security and consistency management methods which have formed the foundation of multi-user database systems. The paper also presents CityCollab and its evaluation by a community of users. CityCollab is a collaborative system, which supports the processing of Requests for Work in the context of civil infrastructure management. CityCollab represents an instantiation of the more general FLECS architecture/framework.
Replacing Username/Password with Software-Only Two-Factor Authentication (2012)

Abstract. It is basically a solved problem for a server to authenticate itself to a client using standard methods of Public Key cryptography. The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) supports the SSL protocol which in turn enables this functionality. The single-point-of-failure in PKI, and hence the focus of attacks, is the Certi cation Authority. However this entity is commonly o-line, well defended, and not easily got at. For a client to authenticate itself to the server is much more problematical. The simplest and most common mechanism is Username/Password. Although not at all satisfactory, the only onus on the client is to generate and remember a password and the reality is that we cannot expect a client to be su ciently sophisticated or well organised to protect larger secrets. However Username/Password as a mechanism is breaking down. So-called zero-day attacks on servers commonly recover les containing information related to passwords, and unless the passwords are of su-ciently high entropy they will be found. The commonly applied patch is to insist that clients adopt long, complex, hard-to-remember passwords. This is essentially a second line of defence imposed on the client to protect them in the (increasingly likely) event that the authentication server will be successfully hacked. Note that in an ideal world a client should be able to use a low entropy password, as a server can limit the number of attempts the client can make to authenticate itself. The often proposed alternative is the adoption of multifactor authentication. In the simplest case the client must demonstrate possession of both a token and a password. The banks have been to the forefront of adopting such methods, but the token is invariably a physical device of some kind. Cryptography&apos;s embarrassing secret is that to date no completely satisfactory means has been discovered to implement two-factor authentication entirely in software. In this paper we propose such a scheme.
Generation of polarization entangled photon pairs at telecommunication wavelength using cascaded χ^(2) processes in a periodically poled LiNbO_3 ridge waveguide (2011)

We report the generation of high-purity correlated photon-pairs and polarization entanglement in a 1.5 μm telecommunication wavelength-band using cascaded χ((2)):χ((2)) processes, second-harmonic generation (SHG) and the following spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), in a periodically poled LiNbO(3) (PPLN) ridge-waveguide device. By using a PPLN module with 600%/W of the SHG efficiency, we have achieved a coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) higher than 4000 at 7.45×10(-5) of the mean number of the photon-pair per pulse. We also demonstrated that the maximum reach of the CAR was truly dark-count-limited by the single-photon detectors used here. This indicates that the fake (noise) photons were negligibly small in this system, even though the photon-pairs, the Raman noise photons, and the pump photons were in the same wavelength band. Polarization entangled photon pairs were also generated by constructing a Sagnac-loop-type interferometer which included the PPLN module and an optical phase-difference compensator to observe maximum entanglement. We achieved two-photon interference visibilities of 99.6% in the H/V basis and 98.7% in the diagonal basis. The peak coincidence count rate was approximately 50 counts per second at 10(-3) of the mean number of the photon-pair per pulse.
Low‐Density Parity‐Check Codes (2005)

The prelims comprise: Introduction LDPC Codes: Construction and Notation Tanner Graphs Transmission Through a Gaussian Channel Decoding LDPC Codes Why Low-Density Parity-Check Codes? The Iterative Decoder on General Block Codes Density Evolution EXIT Charts for LDPC Codes Irregular LDPC Codes More on LDPC Code Construction Encoding LDPC Codes A Variation: Low-Density Generator Matrix Codes Serial Concatenated Codes; Repeat-Accumulate Codes Exercises References
BPH: epidemiology and comorbidities. (2006)

Recently published data suggest that clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is hallmarked by the occurrence of moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), occurs in about one quarter of men in their 50s, one third of men in their 60s, and about half of all men 80 years or older. Although effective treatments for LUTS/BPH are available, this condition often occurs in the context of common, age-related comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and erectile dysfunction. Alpha1-selective adrenergic receptor (a1-AR) antagonists (eg, alfuzosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin) remain the cornerstone of therapy for LUTS/BPH. In addition, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (ie, dutasteride, finasteride) have been associated with improvements in LUTS/BPH in men with larger prostates, especially when used in combination with a1-AR antagonists. Although all these drugs have been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of BPH, there are differences in side-effect profiles. When selecting an appropriate course of therapy, these side effects and any impact they may have on existing comorbid conditions must be considered.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Gait: Does Footwear Modify This Association? (2013)

This study demonstrates that neuropathy deteriorates gait, but the presence of foot ulcers does not alter gait parameters further than neuropathy. In addition, patients with foot ulcers demonstrated a better gait compared with DPN patients without ulcers. We speculate that offloading footwear may be enhancing the somatosensory feedback from sensate skin, thereby positively affecting gait parameters. A study with a larger sample is required to explore the effect of prescribed footwear in the DPN population in order to validate the findings of this research study.
Incidence and Outcomes of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh (2019)

Aims: The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh between January 2016 to March 2018. Methodology: From the medical file, we identified patients with COPD diagnosis who admitted to the hospital. Then we identified the patient who develop CAP after the diagnosis date of the COPD. Other variables such as demographic factors, clinical outcome, comorbidity disease, length of stay in the hospital, and mortality were identified for each patient using their electronic medical file. Results: Out of 363 COPD patients, 122 (33%) had developed CAP after the date of COPD diagnosis. Based on patient characteristics, the mean age of them was 75.39 years SD was 9.76 and 65% of the patients were female. The available evidence indicates that the mortality rate was n=22 (18.0%). Among those patient, 33 patients were admitted to ICU (27.0%) the rest of patients either wards n= 59 (48.4%) or both n=28 (23.0%). Among our study population, 97.4% had hypertension, 88.6% of the patients had diabetes, and 28.9% had renal failure. Majority of the study population have been placed on non-invasive ventilation n=94 (77.0%). Conclusion: This study has been shown that COPD patients had increased risk of CAP. Patients who have multiple comorbidity diseases and got CAP with COPD have a higher risk of morbidities and mortality rate, especially elderly patients.Mention the design of the study here.
Metabolite Profiling of Praziquantel and its Analogs During the Analysis of in vitro Metabolic Stability Using Information-Dependent Acquisition on a Hybrid Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2010)

Rapid determination of in vitro metabolic stability and metabolite profiling of new chemical entities using microsomes or other liver preparations is one of the most important steps in drug discovery. In this paper, we report the use of liquid chromatography-hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of metabolic stability, metabolite profiling, and the kinetics of metabolite formation of praziquantel and three structural analogs. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scans were used to quantify the disappearance of parent compounds and the formation of metabolites. MRM-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (MRM-IDA-EPI) scans were used for the identification of the metabolites formed. Metabolic stability of these anthelmintics were studied in human liver microsomes (HLM) using MRM as a survey scan, which resulted in the identification of a higher number of metabolites compared to neutral loss (NL), precursor ion (PI), and enhanced mass spectrometry (EMS) scans. MRM-IDA-EPI scans resulted in the generation of similar calibration curves to MRM-only quantitative analysis. Therefore, the quantitative capabilities of the method was not affected by the additional qualitative information obtained during the same run. The formation of major metabolites was also simultaneously monitored, which could be used to understand the kinetics and mechanism of metabolite formation. Finally, our data demonstrate that the three analogs had higher metabolic stability than the anthelmintic prototype (praziquantel).
Resorcylic Acid Lactone Biosynthesis Relies on a Stereotolerant Macrocyclizing Thioesterase (2014)

Zearalenone and radicicol are highly related resorcylic acid lactones with the rare property of having opposite stereochemical configurations of the secondary alcohol involved in lactone formation. The ability of the thioesterases from the zearalenone and radicicol biosynthetic pathways to macrocyclize both D and L configured synthetic substrate analogs was biochemically characterized and showed that both enzymes were highly stereotolerant, macrocyclizing both substrates with similar kinetic parameters. This observed stereotolerance is consistent with a proposed evolution of both natural products from a common ancestral resorcylic acid lactone.
Enzymic method for the spectrophotometric determination of choline in liquor (1992)

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of choline in liquor is described. The method involves the conversion of choline into formaldehyde by sequential enzymic reactions (choline oxidase and catalase), followed by the formation of a chromophore with 4-aminopent-3-en-2-one. The calibration graph was linear in the range 0.4-15 micrograms cm-3 of choline. The relative standard deviation at 5 micrograms cm-3 of choline was 1.3%. There was no interference from most of the common ingredients of liquor. More than 95% of choline added at two levels was recovered from real samples. The method is simple, and the detection limit was 2 micrograms g-1 when 5 g of sample were assayed.
Combination of Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockers and CDK4/6 Inhibitor for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment (2021)

Our results provide encouraging preliminary data related to the combination treatment of EGFRi and palbociclib in patients with NPC.
The Split and Merge protocol for interactive video-on-demand (1997)

A true video-on-demand (VoD) system lets users view any video program, at any time, and perform any VCR-like user interactions. To reduce the per-user video delivery cost, multiple users may be batched and share the same video stream. Existing sharing schemes do not allow true VoD. A new protocol, called Split and Merge (SAM), does allow true VoD. SAM also provides an innovative way to merge these individuals back into the batching streams when they resume normal play mode.
Immersion Condensation on Oil-Infused Heterogeneous Surfaces for Enhanced Heat Transfer (2013)

Enhancing condensation heat transfer is important for broad applications from power generation to water harvesting systems. Significant efforts have focused on easy removal of the condensate, yet the other desired properties of low contact angles and high nucleation densities for high heat transfer performance have been typically neglected. In this work, we demonstrate immersion condensation on oil-infused micro and nanostructured surfaces with heterogeneous coatings, where water droplets nucleate immersed within the oil. The combination of surface energy heterogeneity, reduced oil-water interfacial energy, and surface structuring enabled drastically increased nucleation densities while maintaining easy condensate removal and low contact angles. Accordingly, on oil-infused heterogeneous nanostructured copper oxide surfaces, we demonstrated approximately 100% increase in heat transfer coefficient compared to state-of-the-art dropwise condensation surfaces in the presence of non-condensable gases. This work offers a distinct approach utilizing surface chemistry and structuring together with liquid-infusion for enhanced condensation heat transfer.
The Trypanosoma brucei Cyclin, CYC2, Is Required for Cell Cycle Progression through G1 Phase and for Maintenance of Procyclic Form Cell Morphology (2004)

CYC2 is an essential PHO80-like cyclin that forms a complex with the cdc2-related kinase CRK3 in Trypanosoma brucei. In both procyclic and bloodstream form T. brucei, knock-down of CYC2 by RNA interference (RNAi) led to an accumulation of cells in G(1) phase. Additionally, in procyclic cells, but not in bloodstream form cells, CYC2 RNAi induced a specific cell elongation at the posterior end. The G(1) block, as well as the posterior end elongation in the procyclic form, was irreversible once established. Staining for tyrosinated alpha-tubulin and morphometric analyses showed that the posterior end elongation occurred through active microtubule extension, with no repositioning of the kinetoplast. Hence, these cells can be classified as exhibiting the "nozzle" phenotype as has been described for cells that ectopically express TbZFP2, a zinc finger protein that is involved in the differentiation of the bloodstream form to procyclic form. Within the tsetse fly, procyclic trypanosomes differentiate to elongated mesocyclic cells. However, although mesocyclic trypanosomes isolated from tsetse flies also show active microtubule extension at the posterior end, the kinetoplast is coincidentally repositioned such that it always lies approximately midway between the nucleus and posterior end of the cell. Thus, in the procyclic form CYC2 has dual functionality and is required for both cell cycle progression through G(1) and for the maintenance of correct cell morphology, whereas in the bloodstream form only a role for CYC2 in G(1) progression is evident.
OBITUARY: Sir William Mitchell Physicist and enthusiast for science (2002)

"William Mitchell was successively head of Physics at Reading and Oxford universities, and Chairman of the Science and Engineering Research Council from 1985 to 1990. He is largely responsible for the excellent neutron and X-ray facilities that are available for research by scientists in the UK. He was one of the first to realise that these uniquely powerful facilities would be essential tools not only for physicists but also for chemists, biologists, materials scientists and engineers" (1 page).
Dihydropyridine Ca<sup>2+</sup> agonists and channel blockers interact in the opposite manner with photogenerated unpaired electrons (1985)

Interaction of Ca2+-channel antagonists (felodipine, ryocidil, verapamil, diltiazem) and agonists (dihydropyridine derivatives Bay K 8644 and CGP 28392) was studied by the methods of absorption spectroscopy. Ca2+-channel antagonists were found to act as electron donors, the agonists being electron acceptors in the interaction with dye free radicals in solution. Redox transitions in channel-forming protein were proposed as a possible mechanism of the modulation of channel activity by the compounds tested.
CT Quantification of Emphysema in Young Subjects with No Recognizable Chest Disease (2009)

Young healthy nonsmokers with no recognizable lung disease can also show a small proportion of emphysematous-like changes on CT densitovolumetry when a threshold of -950 HU is used. Reference values should be considered when applying the technique for early detection or grading of emphysema and when studying aging lungs.
“A Mutual Fund to Yield Annuity-Like Benefits”: Author Response (2007)

AbstractThis material comments on “A Mutual Fund to Yield Annuity-Like Benefits”.
Stemness of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Cells Is Maintained by Floating Cultivation (2012)

Abstract Recently, the search for stem cells has become focused on fetal appendages such as the amniotic membrane and umbilical cord. Previously, we have shown the existence of stem cells in the amniotic membrane that can differentiate into various cells. In this study, we attempt to characterize and maintain the stemness characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for Wharton's jelly, an inherent tissue of the umbilical cord. Wharton's jelly cells (WJCs) were isolated, adhered to culture plates, and characterized for stem cell and surface markers expression. They expressed the embryonic stem cell markers Nanog, Oct ¾, and Sox2. On flow cytometric analysis, WJCs predominantly expressed the MSC markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 and did not express the hematopoietic lineage markers CD14, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. In floating culture, WJCs could maintain stemness, and they could differentiate to osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. In conclusion, WJCs satisfy the criteria of MSCs. Given that extraction of the umbilical cord is not invasive, and the umbilical cord can be obtained without ethical and technical issues, we suggest that WJCs, after maintaining stemness, have a potential contribution to medical treatment for patients, even newborns, with congenital skeletal and cartilage disorders.
Small and large artery elasticity indices in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) (2001)

In peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), arterial compliance of the central arteries has been reported to be reduced. It is, however, not clear whether, in PAOD, decreased arterial compliance is also accompanied by similar changes in the peripheral arteries. Therefore the aim of the study was to determine the large (C1) and small (C2) artery elasticity indices in PAOD and their relations to its well-accepted characteristics (ankle-brachial index, ABI; pulse pressure, PP; absolute claudication distance, ACD). A total of 43 patients with PAOD (mean age 68 +/- 9 years; ABI of the limiting leg 0.65 +/- 0.14; SBP (systolic blood pressure) 149 +/- 20 mmHg, and ACD 488 +/- 187 m) were enrolled as well as 16 control subjects of comparable age (69 +/- 4 years) and blood pressure (SBP 147 +/- 27 mmHg). All subjects underwent non-invasive pulse wave analysis in order to determine arterial compliance of the aorta and major side branches (C1) and of the distal circulation (C2), using a modified Windkessel model. In PAOD, both C1 (1.41 +/- 0.56 ml/mmHg) and C2 (0.023 +/- 0.012 ml/mmHg) were comparable to values in an age and blood pressure-matched control group (C1, 1.25 +/- 0.66 ml/mmHg; C2, 0.027 +/- 0.008 ml/mmHg). C1 was significantly correlated with ACD (r = 0.36, p = 0.02), PP (r = -0.33, p < 0.02) and only borderline with ABI (r = 0.28, p = 0.07). C2 was correlated with PP (r = -0.38, p < 0.01), ABI (r = 0.36, p < 0.02) but not with ACD. Large (C1) and small (C2) artery elasticity indices in PAOD were decreased but comparable to values in an elderly group with isolated systolic hypertension. Moreover, C1 and C2 correlated with markers (ABI and PP) of severity of vascular disease.