gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The<i>Sleeping Beauty</i>transposon system for clinical applications (2011)

Extensive efforts have been made to establish efficient and safe gene delivery protocols that could meet demanding expectations of a successful gene therapy. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system combines simplicity and inexpensive manufacture offered by plasmid-based vector formulation with integrative features exhibited by some viral vectors. Activated after over ten million years of silent genomic existence, the SB transposable element entered the 21st century as a potent technology for a broad range of applications in genome engineering, including gene therapy. Beneficially for gene therapy purposes, the SB system has been demonstrated to enable persistent expression of therapeutic genes followed by restoration of homeostasis in a variety of disease models. Importantly, this non-viral gene delivery vehicle is postulated to constitute a relatively safe vector system, because it lacks a preference for inserting into transcription units and their upstream regulatory regions, thereby minimizing genotoxic risks that might be associated with vector integration. Further evolution and wide, comprehensive preclinical testing of the SB transposon system in the context of several disease models is expected to further refine this valuable technology matched by enhanced biosafety towards disease treatment.
Detection system for a gas chromatograph. [. cap alpha. -methylnaphthalene,. beta. -methylnapthalene] (1982)

A method and apparatus are described for the quantitative analysis of vaporizable compounds, and in particular of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which may be induced to fluoresce. The sample to be analyzed is injected into a gas chromatography column and is eluted through a narrow orifice into a vacuum chamber. The free expansion of the eluted sample into the vacuum chamber creates a supersonic molecular beam in which the sample molecules are cooled to the extent that the excited vibrational and rotational levels are substantially depopulated. The cooled molecules, when induced to fluoresce by laser excitation, give greatly simplified spectra suitable for analytical purposes. The laser induced fluorimetry provides great selectivity, and the gas chromatograph provides quantitative transfer of the sample to the molecular beam. 3 figures, 2 tables.
A Synthetic Supramolecular Receptor for the Hydrosulfide Anion (2016)

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has emerged as a crucial biomolecule in physiology and cellular signaling. Key challenges associated with developing new chemical tools for understanding the biological roles of H 2 S include developing platforms that enable reversible binding of this important biomolecule. The first synthetic small molecule receptor for the hydrosulfide anion, HS − , using only reversible, hydrogen‐bonding interactions in a series of bis(ethynylaniline) derivatives, is reported. Binding constants of up to 90 300±8700 m −1 were obtained in MeCN. The fundamental science of reversible sulfide binding, in this case featuring a key CH⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond, will expand the possibility for discovery of sulfide protein targets and molecular recognition agents.
Cross-talk filtering in four dye fluorescence-based DNA sequencing (2000)

We have addressed two important issues of nonlinear cross-talk and baseline adjustment in DNA data processing. An important aspect in the processing of the four-dye fluorescence-based data is the cross-talk filtering. Typically, a matrix M, which is a function of the fluorophores and the fluorescence detection system, is used in the multicomponent analysis. In this deconvolution process the matrix is applied directly to the raw signal, on a linear cross-talk assumption. This necessitates the signal to be aligned to the baseline before the filter is applied. The various techniques used for aligning the raw data have the negative effect of adding distortion to the signal. An algorithm for cross-talk removal is presented in this paper. The algorithm uses the intensity difference of the signal rather than the actual value itself, thus making the cross-talk removal possible before the base line adjustment. In addition, a supplementary filtering step is proposed in order to account for the nonlinear nature of the cross-talk. This second step is based on a matrix T that accounts for the correlation of each of the signals with the other three. The overall result is a more precise presentation of the DNA data and less information loss through filtering.
Crescent Oligoamides: From Acyclic “Macrocycles” to Folding Nanotubes (2001)

Oligoarylamides whose backbones are rigidified by intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are found to adopt well-defined conformations in both solution and solid state. Depending on the length of their backbones, these folding oligoamides are crescents, broken macrocycles, or helices. A large (approximately 10 A) interior cavity is associated with the "macrocycles" and helices. The folded conformations are independent of chain length and are found in both nonpolar and polar solvents. This strategy is being extended to the construction of folding acyclic "macrocycles" and nanotubes with larger tubular cavities.
A Targeted Library Screen Reveals a New Inhibitor Scaffold for Protein Kinase D (2012)

Protein kinase D (PKD) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in multiple pathological conditions, including cancer and heart diseases. Potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of PKD are valuable for dissecting PKD-mediated cellular signaling pathways and for therapeutic application. In this study, we evaluated a targeted library of 235 small organic kinase inhibitors for PKD1 inhibitory activity at a single concentration. Twenty-eight PKD inhibitory chemotypes were identified and six exhibited excellent PKD1 selectivity. Five of the six lead structures share a common scaffold, with compound 139 being the most potent and selective for PKD vs PKC and CAMK. Compound 139 was an ATP-competitive PKD1 inhibitor with a low double-digit nanomolar potency and was also cell-active. Kinase profiling analysis identified this class of small molecules as pan-PKD inhibitors, confirmed their selectivity again PKC and CAMK, and demonstrated an overall favorable selectivity profile that could be further enhanced through structural modification. Furthermore, using a PKD homology model based on similar protein kinase structures, docking modes for compound 139 were explored and compared to literature examples of PKD inhibition. Modeling of these compounds at the ATP-binding site of PKD was used to rationalize its high potency and provide the foundation for future further optimization. Accordingly, using biochemical screening of a small number of privileged scaffolds and computational modeling, we have identified a new core structure for highly potent PKD inhibition with promising selectivity against closely related kinases. These lead structures represent an excellent starting point for the further optimization and the design of selective and therapeutically effective small molecule inhibitors of PKD.
Synthesis of Nitro, Dinitro, and Polynitroalkylamino Derivatives of Trifurazanoxide (2017)

The synthesis and characterization of 3‐chlorocarbohydroxymoyl‐4‐nitro‐1,2,5‐oxadiazole and its transformation to dinitro trifurazanoxide were described for the first time. Synthesis of new amino nitro and trinitroethylamino trifurazanoxide has been presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Memory on the Racetrack (2015)

Abstract Review: 27 refs.
Development of New High Strength Spring Steel and its Application to Automotive Coil Spring (2000)

Spring weight-saving will be achieved by increased design stress. However, in case of the conventional spring steel, high strength steel reduces corrosion fatigue life and toughness, and it gets down the reliability of springs in actual environment. In this paper, we propose newly developed spring material with emphasis on improvement of shot peening to satisfy higher strength and corrosion fatigue life simultaneously.The chemical elements of developed material were designed under the following philosophies, where Si stays at 1.8% for sag-resistance, C is reduced to 0.4% for the corrosion fatigue life, Ni is added by 0.5% for the controled forming of corrosive pit, and a trace of B and Nb is added for the strength of austenitic grain boundary which be way of corrosion fatigue's crack propagation and fine grain size respectively.Experimental results by straight test piece and coil spring under high stress shows that the developed spring material is effective for improving corrosive fatigue life and delayed fracture strength. Developed spring material can achieve 20% weight-saving under 1200MPa design stress comparing with the conventional spring steel.
Site-selective arene C-H amination via photoredox catalysis (2015)

Over the past several decades, organometallic cross-coupling chemistry has developed into one of the most reliable approaches to assemble complex aromatic compounds from preoxidized starting materials. More recently, transition metal-catalyzed carbon-hydrogen activation has circumvented the need for preoxidized starting materials, but this approach is limited by a lack of practical amination protocols. Here, we present a blueprint for aromatic carbon-hydrogen functionalization via photoredox catalysis and describe the utility of this strategy for arene amination. An organic photoredox-based catalyst system, consisting of an acridinium photooxidant and a nitroxyl radical, promotes site-selective amination of a variety of simple and complex aromatics with heteroaromatic azoles of interest in pharmaceutical research. We also describe the atom-economical use of ammonia to form anilines, without the need for prefunctionalization of the aromatic component.
Layered compression for high dynamic range depth (2012)

With the rapid development of depth data acquisition technology, the high precision depth becomes much easier to access in real-time by depth sensors, and the generated high dynamic range (HDR) depth is widely adopted to benefit the depth assistant applications. Accordingly, the HDR depth compression becomes essential for the efficient depth storage and transmission. In this paper, we introduce a layered compression framework for HDR depth to achieve efficient and low-complexity depth compression. To leverage the state-of-art 8-bit image/video encoders, the HDR depth is partitioned into two layers: most significant bit (MSB) layer and least significant bit (LSB) layer. For MSB layer, an error controllable pixel domain encoding scheme is proposed to guarantee the compatibility for existing 8-bit codec by controlling quantization errors added back to LSB layer. Meanwhile, the efficient major color extraction and adaptive quantization enhance the coding performance of MSB layer. For LSB layer, the layer data with limited dynamic range is compressed by normal 8-bit image/video based encoding scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that our coding scheme can achieve real-time depth compression with the satisfactory reconstruction quality. The encoding time is less than 31ms/frame and the decoding time is around 20ms/frame in average. Our compression scheme can be easily integrated into the real-time depth transmission system.
Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Oil Shales: ABSTRACT (1981)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Improvement of stability and release of (-)-epicatechin by hot melt extrusion (2019)

Abstract Besides its poor dissolution in polymers, the stability, and bitterness of (-)-epicatechin present challenges for additional developments. Polymer formulations rich in flavonoids or other antioxidants can be developed by hot melt extrusion (HME) for enhancement of stability, release, and taste masking. The formulations are extruded at a temperature substantially below the melting point of (-)-epicatechin to avoid its degradation. The corresponding compound consists of about 50% wt. of an active nutraceutical ingredient, in this case (-)-epicatechin, and food grade polymers (GRAS: generally recognized as safe). In order to identify possible chemical or physical changes in the formulations, they were characterized using various techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarized optical microscopy, in vitro release profile, sensory analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystallinity of (-)-epicatechin was reduced after melt extrusion, but its chemical structure remained unchanged. The main contribution of this research is to shed light on the preparation of polymeric formulations based on (-)-epicatechin using HME as an encapsulation technique to improve stability, release, and taste masking, which may be scaled up and commercially launched as nutraceutical products.
Practical Limits to Conversion Efficiency in Kerr Microresonator Optical Parametric Oscillators (2022)

We numerically and theoretically explore the pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of Kerr microresonator optical parametric oscillators. We identify mode competition and cross-phase modulation-induced modulation instability as parasitic nonlinear processes that curb efficiency.
The Aircraft Intent Description Language: A key enabler for air-ground synchronization in Trajectory-Based Operations (2007)

In this paper, a formal language called the aircraft intent description language (AIDL) is proposed as a standard, interoperable means of describing and exchanging predicted aircraft trajectories in trajectory-based operations (TBO). The AIDL provides the necessary elements to unambiguously formulate aircraft intent, which, in the context of trajectory prediction, refers to the information that describes how the aircraft is to be operated within a certain time interval. By expressing aircraft intent according to the AIDL, it is ensured that each instance of aircraft intent defines a unique trajectory. It is anticipated that sharing aircraft intent information expressed in a structured and formal manner, e.g. according to the AIDL, can facilitate the synchronization of the predicted aircraft trajectories held by different automation systems in the context of TBO. The AIDL is characterized by an alphabet and a grammar. The definition of the alphabet and the grammar rules are based on a rigorous mathematical analysis of the trajectory computation process at the core of a TP. This analysis relies on a novel approach to modeling the trajectory computation process based on the theory of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The paper presents the alphabet of the AIDL, which contains a set of instructions that capture the individual commands and guidance modes available to direct the motion of an aircraft in the ATM context. Then, the AIDL grammar rules, which define the possible combinations of the instructions in the alphabet, are defined and mathematically justified. The AIDL seeks to exploit the physical and mathematical foundations underlying the trajectory computation process to allow describing a priori (i.e. before a trajectory is actually computed) any possible motion behavior that can reasonably be elicited from an aircraft in the ATM context. The objective is that the AIDL encompasses all other methods and formats that may be used to describe aircraft intent, i.e. they would be subsets of the AIDL. The AIDL could thus be seen as a metalanguage for aircraft intent description, containing any other language that may be used to describe aircraft intent in the context of TBO.
Polarization behavior of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under the influence of in-plane anisotropic strain (2002)

It is well known that vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can abruptly switch between two orthogonal linear polarization states if the current is changed. The impact of externally induced in-plane anisotropic strain on this switching was experimentally demonstrated in proton-implanted devices. In this contribution we present a further and thorough experimental investigation of the polarization behavior of different types of VCSELs (proton-implanted, air-post and oxide-confined), under varying strain conditions. We first measure the influence of the strain on the orientation of the axes of the linear polarization states. These axes can be rotated from the crystallographic direction [110] over [100] to [110]. At the same time, we monitor the exact birefringence. From the combination of these two measurements the amount of residual strain in these devices is deduced. Applying strain not only changes the frequency splitting between the two modes (due to birefringence) and their orientation, but also lifts the degeneracy in the gain of the polarization modes. We therefore also measure the gain difference (dichroism) as a function of the applied strain, via the mode suppression ratio and the optical spectrum. Due to the effect on both the birefringence and the dichroism, strain also changes the position of the polarization switching point as a function of current and can lead to the observation of double (consecutive) polarization switching. All this experimental evidence will help to build up a better understanding of the physics of polarization switching in VCSELs.
Recent Advances in the Translation of Large Microscopic Nonlinearities to Large Macroscopic Nonlinearities in Electro-Optic Polymer Films (1997)

Typical electro-optic polymers are characterized by second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores arranged polar-asymmetrically in an amorphous polymer matrix. It is believed that the electro-optic activity of workhorse NLO chromophores (e.g., DANS and Disperse Red) are of insufficient magnitude to be viable candidates for commercial device-quality materials. 1 Consequently, much effort has been directed in the past few years toward the development of chromophores with device-quality magnitudes of molecular optical nonlinearities. Unfortunately, the translation of these so-called high-β chromophores to the expected bulk electro-optic activities in polymers generally has not been achieved. Recently, we have shown that this lack of electro-optic activity is due primarily to strong intermolecular electrostatic interactions between chromophores, which tend to align the chromophores in an antiparallel fashion, resulting in no net polar asymmetry in the bulk material. 2 , 3
<title>Imaging vertically through the atmosphere: restoration of satellite images based on atmospheric MTF evaluation</title> (1998)

When carrying out satellite images by imaging vertically through the atmosphere, distortions and blur arise as a result of turbulence and aerosols. Contrast is reduced by path radiance. The recently developed atmospheric Wiener filter, which corrects for turbulence blur, aerosol blur, and path radiance simultaneously, is implemented in digital restoration of Landsat imagery over seven wavelength bands of the satellite instrumentation. A required input is weather. Restoration is most impressive for high optical depth situations, which cause larger blue. Restoration improves both smallness of size of resolvable detail and contrast. Turbulence modulation transfer function (MTF) is calculated from meteorological data. Aerosol MTF is consistent with optical depth. The product of the two yields atmospheric MTF, which is implemented in the atmospheric Wiener filter. Turbulence blue, aerosol blur, and path radiance contrast loss are all corrected simultaneously, as if there were in intervening atmosphere. The primary source of atmospheric blur is seen to be aerosol forward scatter of light. Restorations are shown for various wavelength bands and are quite apparent even under clear weather conditions.
Enhanced thermal imaging: a real-time imaging technique to delineate blood vessels embedded in soft tissue (2022)

Enhanced Thermal Imaging (ETI) is a new thermal infrared (8-10 μm) imaging technique that delineates blood vessels embedded in water-rich tissue in real time. ETI uses selective heating of blood via illumination with a green (532 nm) LED to produce a thermal contrast (∼ 0.5°C) between blood vessels and surrounding water-rich tissue. The warmer blood vessels appear brighter in the thermal image. In a previous study, the growth of breast cancer tumors in an 4T1 murine orthotopic model was successfully monitored in vivo using ETI. The images highlighted regions that are routinely targeted for surgical excision around solid mass tumors. Recently, improvements to the acquisition software have enabled real-time imaging with this technique, highlighting ETI’s potential use as an intraoperative imaging tool. In this study, simulations of direct illumination and heating of the blood vessels embedded in tissue were conducted to understand the effects of LED power and vessel depth on the ability of ETI to detect vascular structures. The simulations were performed with an open-source MATLAB integrated solver, MCmatlab.
Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Construction of a polA plasmid for amplification and an improved purification scheme. (1984)

Previous attempts to clone the Escherichia coli polA+ gene onto a high copy number plasmid were unsuccessful. The apparent lethality of unregulated overproduction of DNA polymerase I can be eliminated by cutting at a BglII site 100 nucleotides upstream from the ATG start codon of the polA gene. This permitted the construction of plasmid pMP5 which contains both the coding sequence for DNA polymerase I and the lambda pL promoter for conditional control of polA gene expression. BglII cutting only damages but does not eliminate the polA promoter activity; the BglII site thus lies within the polA promoter region. Leakiness of the damaged polA promoter results in overproduction of DNA polymerase I even under conditions where pL is fully repressed. This overproduction is inhibitory of cell growth, as reflected in both growth rate and in the frequency of appearance of mutant plasmids which are nonproducers of DNA polymerase I. Transformation of plasmid pMP5 into E. coli N4830 yields strain ATL100 which under inducing conditions provides 138-fold amplification of DNA polymerase I. Optimization of growth and expression conditions are presented together with an optimized rapid polymerase purification scheme. In addition to providing a convenient source for preparation of DNA polymerase I, this work serves as the basis for a future detailed molecular genetic analysis of the polA gene product.
An all-optical 2R regenerator using a compact self-seeded Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diode incorporated in a bidirectional EDFA (2006)

An all-optical 2R regenerator, based on a compact self-seeded Fabry-Peacuterot laser diode with a 10-mm-long embedded fiber Bragg grating cavity, and a bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to execute all-optical 2R regeneration at 10 Gb/s. Compared with the conventional 1R regeneration, the proposed scheme has achieved significant 6.4-dB improvement of power penalty at bit-error ratio =10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> in the transmission experiment over 100-km standard single-mode fiber