gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multilevel Traffic Incidents Detection Approach: Identifying Traffic Patterns and Vehicle Behaviours using real-time GPS data (2007)

This paper presents a multilevel approach for detecting traffic incidents causing congestion on major roads. It incorporates algorithms to detect unusual traffic patterns and vehicle behaviours on different road segments by utilising the real-time GPS data obtained from vehicles. The incident detection process involves two phases: (1) Identifies of road segments where abnormal traffic pattern is observed and further divides the 'abnormal segments' into smaller segments in order to isolate the potential incident area; (2) Performs a hierarchical analysis of the vehicles' GPS data, using predefined rules to detect any occurrence of abnormal behaviour within the 'abnormal' road section identified in phase 1. The strength of such approach lays in isolating road segments sequentially and then analysing vehicle data specific to the identified road segment. In this way, the processing of vast data is avoided which is an essential requirement for the better performance of such complex systems. The approach is demonstrated using a simulation of motorway segments near Coventry, UK.
Controlling soil water matric potential in root disease studies (1977)

Soil contained in 5.6 × 2.0 × 10.5 cm Plexiglas soil containers was separated from solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 by a Pellicon ultrafiltration membrane glued over the inside of 3.8-cm-diameter holes in two sides. Flow rate through the membrane was 4.4 ml day −1 cm −2 for a 1.0-bar potential difference across the membrane. At the end of 2 weeks, the average matric potential in the soil adjacent to the membranes for soil cells immersed in −0.2-, −1.0-, and −2.0-bar PEG solutions was −0.3, −1.1, and −2.3 bars respectively. The relatively constant potential and vigorous plant growth during the period indicated that sufficient water was passing through the membrane to meet the plant's water requirements. The Pellicon membrane's tolerance to microbial deterioration will permit the use of this technique in longer term studies than previously has been possible.
Airfoil optimization for morphing aircraft (2005)

Continuous variation of the aircraft wing shape to improve aerodynamic performance over a wide range of flight conditions is one of the objectives of morphing aircraft design efforts. This is being pursued because of the development of new materials and actuation systems that might allow this shape change. The main purpose of this research is to establish appropriate problem formulations and optimization strategies to design an airfoil for morphing aircraft that include the energy required for shape change. A morphing aircraft can deform its wing shape, so the aircraft wing has different optimum shapes as the flight condition changes. The actuation energy needed for moving the airfoil surface is modeled and used as another design objective. Several multi-objective approaches are applied to a low-speed, incompressible flow problem and to a problem involving low-speed and transonic flow. The resulting solutions provide the best tradeoff between low drag, high energy and higher drag, low energy sets of airfoil shapes. From this range of solutions, design decisions can be made about how much energy is needed to achieve a desired aerodynamic performance. Additionally, an approach to model aerodynamic work, which would be more realistic and may allow using pressure on the airfoil to assist a morphing shape change, was formulated and used as part of the energy objective. These results suggest that it may be possible to design a morphing airfoil that exploits the airflow to reduce actuator energy.
Simulating One- and Two-Dimensional Ising Models in a Magnetic Field Using a Coherent Ising Machine (2020)

We report a coherent Ising machine (CIM) based on degenerate optical parametric oscillators with a magnetic field. The CIM successfully simulated behaviors of one- and twodimensional networks of 400 spins in a uniform magnetic field.
LES NOUVEAUTÉS DU RECENSEMENT DE 1999 (1999)

International audience
Efficient Construction of Infinite Length Hash Chains with Perfect Forward Secrecy Using Two Independent Hash Functions (2014)

One-way hash chains have been used to secure many applications over the last three decades. To overcome the fixed length limitation of first generation designs, so-called infinite length hash chains have been introduced. Such designs typically employ methods of asynchronous cryptography or hash based message authentication codes. However, none of the proposed schemes offers perfect forward secrecy, keeping former outputs secret once the system got compromised. A novel algorithm for constructing infinite length hash chains with built in support for perfect forward secrecy is presented in this work. Thereby, the scheme differs significantly from existing proposals by using a combination of two different hash functions. It avoids the computational complexity of public-key algorithm s, utilises well studied standard hash functions and keeps the benefits of a hash chain without a length constraint.
Polyimides with side groups: Synthesis and effects of side groups on their properties (2016)

ABSTRACT Polyimides are a class of well‐known high‐performance polymers combined the excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties and widely applied in many high‐tech fields. Traditional polyimides can only be processed in the state of soluble intermediates with a hazardous step of cyclodehydration and elimination of a nonvolatile polar solvent. Therefore, a great effort has been devoted to the development of soluble polyimides that can be processed in the full imidation state. The incorporation of side groups into the polyimide backbone is an efficient approach to resolve above problems with a little sacrifice of its inherent merits. The subtle variation of side groups in polyimide backbones has allowed researchers to tune their final properties. In particular, some special side groups can endow polyimides the specific property or functionality to broaden their application fields. In this article, we summarize the synthesis of polyimides with side groups in recent 20 years and further discuss the effect of side groups on their physical and specific properties. The future research directions of polyimides with side groups are also discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 533–559
Preliminary experience with synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion in humans. (1986)

Synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion (SCSR) with arterial blood has been extensively tested in animals. This intervention offers temporary support to areas of ischemic myocardium while a method of definitive revascularization is being sought. The feasibility and safety of this procedure for patients with unstable angina was therefore tested. A No. 7F autoinflatable retroperfusion balloon catheter (USCI) was inserted percutaneously into the coronary sinus of the study patients. Arterial blood was obtained through a No. 8F catheter placed in the femoral artery. Arterial blood was infused in a retrograde fashion into the coronary venous system during cardiac diastole by means of a piston-driven pump that was electrocardiographically synchronized with the drainage of the venous system during systole. This procedure was performed in five patients with unstable angina refractory to maximum medical therapy. SCSR significantly decreased the frequency of anginal episodes and the requirement for antianginal medications. SCSR also provided time for patient stabilization before diagnostic cardiac catheterization or therapeutic intervention. This preliminary experience suggests that synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion is a feasible and safe procedure. It can be performed at the bedside with no apparent adverse effects to the patient. Retroperfusion also appears to be effective in relieving ischemic symptoms as assessed by clinical parameters. Based on our preliminary experience, further delineation of its clinical applications is warranted.
Cation‐selective ion channels formed by p7 of hepatitis C virus are blocked by hexamethylene amiloride (2003)

A 63 residue peptide, p7, encoded by hepatitis C virus was synthesised and tested for ion channel activity in lipid bilayer membranes. Ion channels formed by p7 had a variable conductance: some channels had conductances as low as 14 pS. The reversal potential of currents flowing through the channels formed by p7 showed that they were permeable to potassium and sodium ions and less permeable to calcium ions. Addition of Ca(2+) to solutions made channels formed by p7 less potassium- or sodium-selective. Hexamethylene amiloride, a drug previously shown to block ion channels formed by Vpu encoded by HIV-1, blocked channels formed by p7. In view of the increasing number of peptides encoded by viruses that have been shown to form ion channels, it is suggested that ion channels may play an important role in the life cycle of many viruses and that drugs that block these channels may prove to be useful antiviral agents.
Digital phase modulation methods giving a band-limited spectrum for satellite communications (1980)

SUMMARY This paper highlights a new class of digital phase m odulation methods which are designed to obtain very low out-of-band radiation of a hard-limiting radio transmitter without the use of output filtering. After enu~erating the main requirements of a digital modulation method for satellite communication in a multiple FDMA mode, usable in small and simple ground ter~inals, known digital modulation methods such as QPSK and MSK are scrutinized regarding these requirements. It appears that there is a need for spectrum control to reduce the out-of-band radiation to a l ower level. A general outline of the measures necessary to achieve this is given, and these are illustrated by two practical examples, TFM and COR-PSK (4-51, which were invented at the Philips Research and Advanced Developpent laboratories. Calculations and measurements of the output spectra indicate a monotonic decreasing sideband level at a rate of about 80 dB per fbit frequency change. The phase trajectories are compared with t hose of some known digital phase m odulation methods. Good phase control is essential for exact spectrum control, t herefore new types of phase modulators which perform this function are described. Finally, the obtainable channel separation with TFM is indicated and some details of the receiver circuitry application in small ground terminals are discussed.
Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization on Disease Progression in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction, an Indication for an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator, and Mildly Symptomatic Chronic Heart Failure (2004)

In patients with mild heart failure symptoms on optimal medical therapy with a wide QRS complex and an ICD indication, CRT did not alter exercise capacity but did result in significant improvement in cardiac structure and function and composite clinical response over 6 months.
Cathepsin K levels in the crevicular fluid of dental implants: a pilot study (2006)

Clinical parameters of peri-implantitis are associated with a higher amount of cathepsin K and a higher volume adsorbed to filters strips. To establish cathepsin K as a biochemical parameter to monitor peri-implant tissue health, age, sex and collection site should be considered to avoid interfering influences because of sample inhomogenity. Also a prospective study over time including more patients would be necessary.
The Inflammatory Effects of Breast Implant Particulate Shedding: Comparison With Orthopedic Implants (2019)

Currently, there is a dearth of information regarding the degree of particle shedding from breast implants (BIs) and what are the general biological consequences of BI debris. Thus, it is unclear to what degree BI debris compromises the long-term biological performance of BIs. For orthopedic implants, it is well established that the severity of biological reactivity to implant debris governs long-term clinical performance. Orthopedic implant particulate debris is generally in the range of 0.01 to 100 μm in diameter. Implant debris-induced bioreactivity/inflammation is mostly a peri-implant phenomenon caused by local innate immune cells (eg, macrophages) that produce proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and prostaglandin 2 (PGE2). In orthopedics, there have been few systemic concerns associated with polymeric implant debris (like silicone) other than documented dissemination to remote organs (eg, liver, spleen, etc.) with no known associated pathogenicity. This is not true of metal implant debris where normal (well-functioning) implants can induce systemic reactions such as delayed type hypersensitivity. Diagnostic analysis of orthopedic tissues has focused on innate (macrophage mediated) and adaptive (lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity) immune responses. Orthopedic implant debris-associated lymphocyte cancers have not been reported in over 40 years of orthopedic literature. Adaptive immune responses such as hypersensitivity reactions to orthopedic implant debris have been dominated by certain implant types that produce specific kinds of debris (eg, metal-on-metal total joint prostheses). Orthopedic hypersensitivity responses and atypical BI bioreactivity such as BI-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma share crossover markers for diagnosis. Differentiating normal innate immune reactivity to particles from anaplastic large cell lymphoma reactions from delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to BI-associated implant debris remains unclear but vital to patients and surgeons.
Performance Analysis of Microservice Design Patterns (2019)

Microservice-based solutions are currently gaining momentum because they do not have the disadvantages of traditional monolithic architectures. Business interest in microservices is increasing since the microservice architecture brings a lightweight, independent, reuse-oriented, and fast service deployment approach that minimizes infrastructural risks. This approach is at an early stage of its development, and in view of this, it is important to understand the performance of its design patterns. In this article, we obtained performance results related to query response time, efficient hardware usage, hosting costs, and packet-loss rate, for three microservice design patterns practiced in the software industry.
The AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump Contributes to Multidrug Resistance in the Nosocomial Pathogen <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i> (2002)

We identified the genes encoding the AcrA-AcrB-TolC efflux pump in Enterobacter aerogenes and constructed acrAB and tolC mutants from a multidrug-resistant isolate. Both derivatives were more susceptible to antibiotics than the parental strain. Sequence analysis and complementation experiments revealed that the multidrug-resistant isolate is an acrR mutant.
Diffusion of boron in heavily doped <i>n</i>- and <i>p</i>-type silicon (1986)

The diffusion of 10B in the presence of high-concentration 11B and As doping has been studied. Dopants were introduced by ion implantation and profiles after annealing were obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Diffusion coefficients were derived by comparing experimental profiles with those from a computer simulation program and results confirmed that diffusion of boron is enhanced in p+ silicon and depressed in n+ silicon. These results have been analyzed using the widely accepted vacancy model for boron diffusion and have produced values of the parameter β, which is related to the ratio of diffusivity for charged and uncharged vacancies, of 0.25 to 3.0 for the p+ and 3.0 to 7.7 for the n+ conditions. This difference cannot be ascribed to experimental error and suggests that further refinement of the vacancy model is required.
Gigahertz tunable waveguide CO2 laser (1974)

A sealed-off cw waveguide CO2 laser has been continuously tuned over 1.2 GHz on a single transition at 10.6 μm. The laser consists of a 9.5 cm×1.0 mm square discharge tube fabricated from polished BeO slabs. Line selection is achieved with a diffraction grating and tuning is accomplished by piezoelectric control of the resonator length.
Physical Layer Authentication Schemes Against Clone Node and Sybil Attacks in Wireless Industrial Internet (2019)

Security is becoming an increasingly important factor for any of today's wireless communications systems. For mission-critical wireless industrial networks, a new and increased level of significance is urgently required. Various cyber-attacks, such as a clone attack and sybil attack, seriously threaten industrial network security. Therefore, we propose a strategy utilizing identity and channel state information to detect clone attack and sybil attacks. Firstly, we collect identity to make a preliminary assessment between the two types of attacks. Secondly, the physical layer authentication approach is adopted to undertake attack detection, utilizing the channel state information differences between the legitimate and malicious nodes. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach through simulation and attack experiments.
Genome‐wide analysis of the structural genes regulating defense phenylpropanoid metabolism in <i>Populus</i> (2006)

Salicin-based phenolic glycosides, hydroxycinnamate derivatives and flavonoid-derived condensed tannins comprise up to one-third of Populus leaf dry mass. Genes regulating the abundance and chemical diversity of these substances have not been comprehensively analysed in tree species exhibiting this metabolically demanding level of phenolic metabolism. Here, shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathway genes thought to give rise to these phenolic products were annotated from the Populus genome, their expression assessed by semiquantitative or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and metabolic evidence for function presented. Unlike Arabidopsis, Populus leaves accumulate an array of hydroxycinnamoyl-quinate esters, which is consistent with broadened function of the expanded hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA transferase gene family. Greater flavonoid pathway diversity is also represented, and flavonoid gene families are larger. Consistent with expanded pathway function, most of these genes were upregulated during wound-stimulated condensed tannin synthesis in leaves. The suite of Populus genes regulating phenylpropanoid product accumulation should have important application in managing phenolic carbon pools in relation to climate change and global carbon cycling.
A Study on Character Recognition using Wavelet Transformation and Moment (2010)

본 논문에서는 웨이브릿 변환을 이용한문자인식 방법 중 문자의 최소 단위인자음과 모음을 분리시켜 문자의 모멘트를 분석하여 산출되는 정보를 사전에 컴퓨터에 입력시켜 문서화된 수기 문자를 컴퓨터에 저장하고 인식시키는 방법에 접근 하였다. 연구는 획득한 문장 이미지에서 잡음을 없애고 줄 단위로 분리, 분리된 줄 단위 문장은 한 문자 단위로 다시 분리된 후 자음과 모음으로 분리 하였다. 분리된 자소는 CVIPtools를 사용하여 히스토그램 평활화와 침식 및 평균값 필터를 처리한 후 C++를 이용하여 세선화 처리하고 세선화된 자소는 팽창 및 크기 변환하여 모든 자소가 동일 굵기, 크기 이미지로 만들었다. 표준화 이미지는 이진화 이미지로 변환하여 3단계 웨이브릿 변환을 이용하여 데이터의 양을 1/64로 줄인 후 해밍거리를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 다양한 'ㄱ'상호간 및 'ㅅ'상호간의 일치도는 매우 높게 나타났고, 서로 상이한 'ㄱ'과 'ㅅ'을 비교 했을 때 상호간 일치도가 매우 낮게 나옴을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구 결과로 더 많은 수기 자소들에 대한 해밍거리조사가 이루어지면 각각의 자음과 모음의 모멘트 구분하여 수기 문자 인식에 중요한 정보를 알 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this thesis, We studied on hand-written character recognition, that characters entered into a digital input device and remove noise and separating character elements using preprocessing. And processed character images has done thinning and 3-level wavelet transform for making normalized image and reducing image data. The structural method among the numerical Hangul recognition methods are suitable for recognition of printed or hand-written characters because it is usefull method deal with distortion. so that method are applied to separating elements and analysing texture. The results show that recognition by analysing texture is easily distinguished with respect to consonants. But hand-written characters are tend to decreasing successful recognition rate for the difficulty of extraction process of the starting point, of interconnection of each elements, of mis-recognition from vanishing at the thinning process, and complexity of character combinations. Some characters associated with the separation process is more complicated and sometime impossible to separating elements. However, analysis texture of the proposed character recognition with the exception of the complex handwritten is aware of the character.
Applications of a New Carbonated Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement: Early Experience in Pediatric and Adult Craniofacial Reconstruction (2002)

Hydroxyapatite cements have recently been employed as bone substitutes in craniofacial reconstruction. They are easily applied, nonresorbable, available in unlimited quantity, and eliminate donor-site morbidity. Norian CRS (craniofacial repair system) is a new carbonated calcium phosphate paste that is unique in that it more closely resembles bone than do traditional hydroxyapatite pastes. Norian is a low-order crystalline apatite soluble at a low pH, facilitating its resorption and replacement by host bone. The cement was first used for craniofacial surgery in North America at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. This report presents the authors' experience with this bone substitute in both pediatric and adult craniofacial reconstruction. Sixteen adult and pediatric patients underwent craniofacial reconstruction involving the use of carbonated calcium phosphate paste for correction of defects that required from 5 to 110 g of carbonated calcium phosphate paste (mean, 28.5 g). The patients were all followed for a minimum of 14 months. Minor complications included one case of infection and two cases involving cement microfragmentation. In the authors' experience, carbonated calcium phosphate paste has proved to be an excellent alloplastic material for osseous augmentation and reconstruction in the craniofacial skeleton. Few problems were encountered using this material; no significant morbidity was encountered. Although this material seems to be promising as a bone substitute, further follow-up will be necessary to evaluate its potential role in craniofacial surgery.
Growth of Nickel Silicides in Si and Si/SiOx Core/Shell Nanowires (2010)

We exploited the oxide shell structure to explore the structure confinement effect on the nickel silicide growth in one-dimensional nanowire template. The oxide confinement structure is similar to the contact structure (via hole) in the thin film system or nanodevices passivated by oxide or nitride film. Silicon nanowires in direct contact with nickel pads transform into two phases of nickel silicides, Ni31Si12 and NiSi2, after one-step annealing at 550 °C. In a bare Si nanowire during the annealing process, NiSi2 grows initially through the nanowire, followed by the transformation of NiSi2 into the nickel-rich phase, Ni31Si12 starting from near the nickel pad. Ni31Si12 is also observed under the nickel pads. Although the same phase transformations of Si to nickel silicides are observed in nanowires with oxide confinement structure, the growth rate of nickel silicides, Ni31Si12 and NiSi2, is retarded dramatically. With increasing oxide thickness from 5 to 50 nm, the retarding effect of the Ni31Si12 growth and the annihilation of Ni2Si into the oxide confined-Si is clearly observed. Ni31Si12 and Ni2Si phases are limited to grow into the Si/SiOx core-shell nanowire as the shell thickness reaches 50 nm. It is experimental evidence that phase transformation is influenced by the stressed structure at nanoscale.