gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Security of Three Versions of the WAI Protocol in Chinese WLAN Implementation Plan (2007)

In this paper we investigate the security properties of three versions of the WAI protocol in Chinese WLAN implementation plan. We first revisit the security analysis that has been done to the version 1 and 2. we show that the security proof given by Li, Moon, and Ma is incorrect and the alternative protocol EWAP of Zhang and Ma is not secure. We further analyse the third version of the WAI protocol and prove its security in the Canetti-Krawczyk model. In addition, we also provide some practical security analysis of this version.
2015년 하계학술대회 최근 파생상품관련 주요 판례에 대한 소고 (2015)

파생상품은 우리나라에서 전체 금융투자상품 중에서 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다. 그러나 파생상품은 다른 금융투자상품에 비해서 이해하기 어렵다. 그 결과 투자자들에 대한 보호에 다른 금융금융투자상품 보다 더 주의할 필요가 있다. 대법원은 통화파생상품인 KIKO(Knock InKnock Out) 상품과 관련된 일련의 사건들을 처리하면서 자본시장법상의 고객보호의무(투자자보호의무)에 대한 법리를 형성해왔다. 이 과정에서 형성된 대법원의 법리는 지금도 다수의 후행소송에서 기본법리로 작용하고 있다. 여전히 일부 소송이 남아있지만 KIKO 사건들은 정리가 되어가고 있다. 이후 사건으로 자본시장법 제178조 제1항 제1호의 적용이 문제되었다. 이 조문은 미국 증권법상의 Rule 10b-5를 우리 법으로 입법한 것이다. 그런데 이런 유형의 조문은 우리 법 체계 대부분의 규범형식처럼 자본시장법 위반죄를 규정하고 있는 우리 자본시장법 체계에서는 적용의 문제가 될 것으로 예상되었다. 이 상황에서 문제가 된 사건이 ELW(Equity LinkedWarranty) 판결이다. 이 판결에서 대법원은 하급심과 같은 취지에서 무죄로 판단하였다. 이 판결의 결론은 논란이 있지만 법리적인 면에서는 자본시장법 제178조 제1항 제1호에 대한 법리가 형성되는 토대를 마련하였다는 의미가 있다. 한편으로 시장에서 다수 판매된 파생상품인 ELS(Equity LinkedSecurities)가 다수 법원의 판단을 받았고 또 기다리고 있다. 역시 자본시장법 제178조 제1항 제1호의 적용과 관련하여 증권집단소송법의 적용에 있어서 법 제179조의 해석을 통해서 집단소송을 허가한 대법원 판례는 향후 집단소송이라는 형식의 권리구제에 대한 중요한 의미를 가진다. 또기존에 많이 팔린 종목 연계형 ELS 상품에 대하여 조건성취 방해를 인정한 대법원 판결도 다이내믹 헤지 주장을 어떻게 법리적으로 볼 것인가에 대한 중요한 판단기준을 제시하였다. 파생금융상품과 도박죄의 관계에 대한 쥬마르 판결과 파생상품거래와 전자금융거래법 제9조의 ‘사고’의 의미와 관련된 대법원 판결도 완결된법리를 제시하지는 못했지만 논의의 출발점으로 의미를 가진다고 본다. 전자는 자본시장법 제10조의 해석과 관련하여 도박죄와 자본시장법 위반죄의 관계에 대한 과제를 남기고 있다. 후자는 ‘사고’란 의도하지 않은 거래를 의미하는 것이지 금융규제에 의하면 허용되지 않는 거래라도 파생상품 투자자가 의도적으로 한 거래라면 전자금융거래법 제9조의‘사고’ 라고 볼 수 없다는 판단으로 타당하다.
Fine-Tuning of Smad Protein Function by Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase during Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling (2014)

Nuclear Smad function is negatively regulated by PARP-1 that is assisted by PARP-2 and positively regulated by PARG during the course of TGFβ signaling.
Involvement of Lysine and Tryptophan Side-Chains in the Biotin-Avidin Interaction (1997)

The biotin–1,4-diaminobutane (Bio–Put), biotin–tryptophan (Bio–Trp) and biotin–3-methylindole (Bio–Sct) systems were investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy. The interaction with Put renders the polar resonance forms of Bio more stabilized. One NH2 group of Put is protonated by the COOH group of Bio and an electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged carboxylate group and the protonated amino group takes place. As far as the Bio–Trp and Bio–Sct systems are concerned, the Raman spectra indicate that Trp and Sct are not able to form stable complexes with Bio, and specific interactions between Bio and the indolic ring do not occur. The Raman results indicate that the participation of the ureido group of Bio in an extended hydrogen bond network greatly contributes to the stabilization of the complex with proteins. These specific interactions favour the dipolar resonance forms of Bio which give rise to the formation of strong H-bonds with the protein. The Bio molecule is arranged in the active site in such a way that its carboxylic group orients towards a Lys residue, undergoing an ion-pair interaction with the amino group of Lys; however, this interaction appears to play a lesser role than that with the ureido ring. In spite of the many experimental results that have indicated the direct involvement of Trp in the formation of the Bio–avidin complex, none of the Trp residues binds the Bio molecule. The indolic rings probably interact with Bio via hydrophobic or charge-transfer forces, and are involved in the construction of the hydrophobic box in which Bio resides. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoelectronic effects in hydrogen-atom transfer reactions of substituted cyclohexyl radicals (1983)

Thermolysis of the peroxyoxalates (1)–(7) and the diacyl peroxides (8)–(11) in cyclohexane at 100 °C gives cycloalkenes and cycloalkanes by hydrogen-atom transfer reactions of the initially formed conformationally biased 4-t-butyl-, 4-t-butyl-cis,cis-2,6-dimethyl-, 4-t-butyl-cis,trans-2,6-dimethyl-, 4-t-butyl-cis-2-methyl-, 4-t-butyl-trans-2-methyl-, and 5-t-butyl-cis-2-methylcyclohexyl radicals (12)–(17). The composition of the product mixtures indicates that transfer of axial β-hydrogen atoms occurs more rapidly than does transfer of equatorial β-hydrogen atoms. These results support the hypothesis that homolytic fission of a C–H bond is favoured when it lies close to the plane of an adjacent semi-occupied orbital.
Initial Experience With Remote Catheter Ablation Using a Novel Magnetic Navigation System (2004)

The Niobe magnetic navigation system is a new platform technology allowing remote-controlled navigation of an ablation catheter. In conjunction with a motor drive unit, this system was used successfully to perform completely remote-controlled mapping and ablation in patients with AVNRT.
Besides Fibrillization: Putative Role of the Peptide Fragment 71–82 on the Structural and Assembly Behavior of α-Synuclein (2014)

The fibrillization of α-synuclein (α-syn) is involved in Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that affects four million people in the world. The amino acid sequence 71-82 of this protein (VTGVTAVAQKTV) has appeared to be essential for fibril formation. In the present study, we have investigated the secondary structure and thermal stability of the peptide fragment 71-82, α-syn71-82, as a function of concentration and temperature, as well as its interactions with phospholipid model membranes using various spectroscopic techniques. The data show that α-syn71-82 is mainly disordered in solution with the presence of a few β-sheet structure elements. The peptide reversibly forms intermolecular β-sheets with increasing concentration and decreasing temperature, suggesting that it is subjected to a thermodynamic equilibrium between a monomeric and an oligomeric form. This equilibrium seems to be affected by the presence of zwitterionic membranes. Conversely, the influence of the peptide on zwitterionic lipid bilayers is small and concentration-dependent. By contrast, α-syn71-82 is strongly affected by anionic vesicles. The peptide indeed exhibits a dramatic conformational change, reflecting an extensive and irreversible self-aggregation, the majority of the amino acids being involved in a parallel β-sheet conformation. The aggregates appear to be located near the membrane surface but do not perturb significantly the membrane order. Comparing these results with the literature, it appears that α-syn71-82 shares several general properties and structural similarities with its parent protein. These common points suggest that the sequence 71-82 may overall contribute to the behavior and properties of α-syn.
DNA Self‐Assembly of Targeted Near‐Infrared‐Responsive Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Thermo‐Chemotherapy (2012)

Targeted cancer therapy: Inspired by the ability of DNA hybridization, a targeted near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive delivery system has been developed through simple DNA self-assembly (see picture; PEG=polyethylene glycol). This DNA-based platform shows the ability of releasing therapeutics upon near-infrared irradiation, and remarkable targeted thermo- and chemotherapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests: Common Mistakes, Misfires, and Misdiagnoses (2014)

Summary Over the last 20 years, diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs) have evolved into commonly used techniques that can provide valuable information about the reservoir, as well as hydraulic-fracture-treatment parameters. Thousands of tests are pumped every year in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Unfortunately, many tests that are pumped provide poor or no results because of either problematic data acquisition or incorrect analysis of the acquired data. This paper discusses common issues and mistakes made while acquiring DFIT data. Guidelines on how to avoid these errors and secure the best possible data are provided, including data resolution, pump rates, test duration, and fluid selection. Strategies are provided to estimate the time required to reach fracture closure and establish stable reservoir transients for analysis. The last part of the paper addresses potential (and commonly observed) problems in the analysis of the DFIT. These issues can be magnified in tight-gas and shale reservoirs because of the long data-acquisition times and the subtle pressure transients that can occur. Specific issues that are discussed include poor instantaneous-shut-in-pressure data from perforation restriction, loss of hydrostatic head, gas entry and the resulting phase segregation, the use of gelled fluids, and errors in after-closure analysis.
Brain Drain, Inequality and Growth (2004)

This paper provides an additional channel through which inequal-ity may influence growth, when labor migration is taken into account. In fact, we show that human capital distribution is crucial to deter-mine whether allowing migration of the most skilled workers from a developing country may be beneficial for growth, from the perspective of the source economy. The net effect linked to a brain drain is more likely to be negative in the short run if human capital is very unequally distributed. In addition, we find that econometric analysis supports our theoretical claims: the estimation of different growth equations in a cross-section of developing countries, based on a brand new dataset on skilled migration (Docquier and Marfouk, 2004) shows that a brain drain can have a positive impact only when it is associated with low inequality (in income or schooling). JEL classification: F22; J24; J61; I20.
A theoretical perspective of learning in the Pacific context: A sociocultural perspective (2017)

Este artículo teórico discute la importancia de los enfoques de aprendizaje y los contextos socioculturales. La discusión sintetiza estudios empíricos de investigación previos, tomando en consideración la importancia de la cultura del individuo y el contexto en el que vive. Los estudios de Marton y Saljo (1976) y otros investigadores (Biggs, 1987; Watkins & Regmi, 1990) han proporcionado una potente base teórica en relación los enfoques de aprendizaje que adoptan las personas. Más recientemente, muchos teóricos han intentado establecer los enfoques de aprendizaje del alumno en contextos de aprendizaje (Mugler & Landbeck, 1997). Este argumento surge de la comprensión de que los enfoques de aprendizaje se encuentran integrados, y más importante aún, están relacionados con la epistemología personal. En la discusión, se utiliza el ejemplo del contexto del Pacífico para explicar como la base sociocultural y la historia previa de la persona configuran e influyen en los enfoques de aprendizaje.
Reversible Substrate Activation and Catalysis at an Intact Metal–Metal Bond Using a Redox-Active Supporting Ligand (2015)

An electron rich Ni(I)-Ni(I) bond supported by a doubly reduced naphthyridine-diimine (NDI) ligand reacts rapidly and reversibly with Ph2SiH2 and Et2SiH2 to form stable adducts. The solid-state structures of these complexes reveal binding modes in which the silanes symmetrically span the Ni-Ni bond and exhibit highly distorted H-Si-H angles and elongated Si-H bonds. This process is facilitated by the release of electron density stored in the π-system of the NDI ligand. Based on this dinuclear mode of activation, [NDI]Ni2 complexes are shown to catalyze the high-yielding hydrosilylation of alkenes, dienes, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, enones, and amides. In comparative studies of alkyne hydrosilylations, the [NDI]Ni2 catalyst is found to be significantly more active than its mononuclear counterparts for aryl-substituted substrates.
Innovative efficient gradient coil driver topology (2004)

In a magnetic resonance imager, or MRI device, so called 'gradient coils' are used for generating time and place dependent magnetic field pulses. The current pulses through this mainly inductive component should preferably be block shaped. Because block shaped current pulses require infinite high voltage over the coil clamps, physical limitations require blocked shaped current pulses to be approximated by trapezium shaped current pulses. The challenge in the gradient coil driver is to create pulses with a high precision and fast transient. In this paper an innovative topology of a gradient coil driver with two sources and clamp capacitor is suggested. Advantages and disadvantages of the selected concept are summarized and documented by experimental results.
Convolutional Neural Network Quantization using Generalized Gamma\n Distribution (2018)

As edge applications using convolutional neural networks (CNN) models grow,\nit is becoming necessary to introduce dedicated hardware accelerators in which\nnetwork parameters and feature-map data are represented with limited precision.\nIn this paper we propose a novel quantization algorithm for energy-efficient\ndeployment of the hardware accelerators. For weights and biases, the optimal\nbit length of the fractional part is determined so that the quantization error\nis minimized over their distribution. For feature-map data, meanwhile, their\nsample distribution is well approximated with the generalized gamma\ndistribution (GGD), and accordingly the optimal quantization step size can be\nobtained through the asymptotical closed form solution of GGD. The proposed\nquantization algorithm has a higher signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR)\nthan other quantization schemes previously proposed for CNNs, and even can be\nmore improved by tuning the quantization parameters, resulting in efficient\nimplementation of the hardware accelerators for CNNs in terms of power\nconsumption and memory bandwidth.\n
The murine 2-5A synthetase locus: three distinct transcripts from two linked genes (1991)

The cloning of cDNAs encoding murine 2-5A synthetase has identified three related transcripts, represented by a previously described cDNA clone, L3 and two novel cDNAs, L1 and L2. L1 contains an open reading frame coding for a protein that shows 70% conservation at the amino acid level when compared to the protein predicted to be encoded by L3. L2 recognizes an IFN-induced transcript 600-bp larger than the L3 transcript. These three cDNAs map to a cosmid, cII, containing two murine 2-5A synthetase genes, ME12 and ME5/ME8, situated in a head-to-tail orientation separated by approximately 8 kb. Southern analyses of ME12 and ME5/ME8 using L3, L1-specific and L2-specific probes indicate that these genes have a similar organization. cII was transiently and stably transfected into CV-1 cells. When treated with interferon, the transfected cells produced mature, murine 2-5A synthetase transcripts identified using L3 and L2-specific probes. Thus all transcripts present in IFN-treated mouse cells which are recognized by the available murine 2-5A synthetase cDNA probes map to an approximately 40 kb region of the mouse genome containing two 2-5A synthetase genes.
A New Intrusion Detection System Based on KNN Classification Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network (2014)

The Internet of Things has broad application in military field, commerce, environmental monitoring, and many other fields. However, the open nature of the information media and the poor deployment environment have brought great risks to the security of wireless sensor networks, seriously restricting the application of wireless sensor network. Internet of Things composed of wireless sensor network faces security threats mainly from Dos attack, replay attack, integrity attack, false routing information attack, and flooding attack. In this paper, we proposed a new intrusion detection system based on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-nearest neighbor (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-nearest neighbor, referred to as KNN below) classification algorithm in wireless sensor network. This system can separate abnormal nodes from normal nodes by observing their abnormal behaviors, and we analyse parameter selection and error rate of the intrusion detection system. The paper elaborates on the design and implementation of the detection system. This system has achieved efficient, rapid intrusion detection by improving the wireless ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance the Vector Routing, AODV). Finally, the test results show that: the system has high detection accuracy and speed, in accordance with the requirement of wireless sensor network intrusion detection.
Abstract 4363: Inhibitory efficacy of curcumin ± stem cell specific RNAi on the growth of tumorospheres in vitro: Assay development and mechanisms of action (2011)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and leading cause of cancer related deaths in the Unites States. Several therapies are currently being used to treat the disease but recurrence remains a challenge. It is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be resistant to currently used radiation and chemotherapeutic treatments, and may thus be the likely cause of relapse. It is postulated that CSCs may arise from normal adult stem cells and, therefore, preventing aberrant proliferation of stem/progenitor cells and/or targeting CSCs may improve treatment outcomes. However, to-date, there are no assays for examining response of ‘stem cells’ in vitro. Therefore one of our goals was to isolate stem cells from colorectal cancers, and establish stem/progenitor cell bioassays to examine inhibitory efficacy of chemo preventive agents and stem cell specific siRNA. In recent years, several putative stem/progenitor cell markers have been identified, including DCAMKL-1, CD44 and LGR5. Curcumin is being used in clinical trials for treating CRCs. For our studies we chose to isolate CSCs using the above indicated stem cell markers, each of which expresses an extracellular domain. We successfully isolated stem cell populations enriched in the indicated markers, and established tumorospheres from a colon cancer cell line (HCT-116); these growths are selective for stem cells, and can therefore be used in bioassays for examining inhibitory efficacy of drugs on stem cells in vitro. We examined the inhibitory efficacy of curcumin±DCAMKL-1 siRNA against growth of HCT-116 tumorospheres. Spheres were fixed and stained for DCAMKL-1, CD44, and LGR5, and examined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The effect on growth signaling pathways was quantified by Western Blot analysis. Our results reveal that both DCAMKL-1 siRNA and curcumin exert inhibitory effects on growth of HCT-116 tumorospheres, and reduce relative expression levels of NFκBp65 and β-catenin in tumorospheres. Importantly, DCAMKL-1 siRNA potentiated inhibitory potency of Curcumin. In conclusion, we have successfully established in vitro methods for examining proliferative/inhibitory efficacy of various molecules on the biology and response of cancer stem cells, which can be expected to impact cancer treatment strategies. This work is supported by NIH grants CA97959 and CA114264 to PS and NASA grants NNX09AM08G and NNJ04HD83G to RU. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4363. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4363
Multi-objective Optimization of a Laidback Fan Shaped Film-Cooling Hole Using Evolutionary Algorithm (2010)

Laidback fan shaped film-cooling hole is formulated numerically and optimized with the help of three-dimensional numerical analysis, surrogate methods, and the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. As Pareto optimal front produces a set of optimal solutions, the trends of objective functions with design variables are predicted by hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. The problem is defined by four geometric design variables, the injection angle of the hole, the lateral expansion angle of the diffuser, the forward expansion angle of the hole, and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the hole, to maximize the film-cooling effectiveness compromising with the aerodynamic loss. The objective function values are numerically evaluated through Reynolds- averaged Navier-Stokes analysis at the designs that are selected through the Latin hypercube sampling method. Using these numerical simulation results, the Response Surface Approximation model are constructed for each objective function and a hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is applied to obtain the Pareto optimal front. The clustered points from Pareto optimal front were evaluated by flow analysis. These designs give enhanced objective function values in comparison with the experimental designs.
The Limits of Fluid Flow in Propped Fractures- the Disparity Between Effective Flowing and Created Fracture Lengths (2019)

Abstract Post hydraulic fracture diagnostics often leads to an estimation of effective fracture lengths that are substantially shorter that the created length. (Ibrahim et al. 2017, Barree et al. 2003) This gives rise to questioning validity of the diagnostics or concerns regarding execution of the fracture stimulation itself. The objective of the paper is to show that short effective lengths are understood and predictable in the context of the physics of flow in propped fractures. Extensive laboratory testing of a broad range of proppants under a wide range of conditions has led to a databased and detailed understanding of pressure drop in a propped fracture as a function of fluid flow. The pressure drop in turn will dictate inflow from the reservoir at any point along the fracture. This interaction of pressure drop in the fracture and reservoir inflow will in turn dictate the flowing length of the fracture. Testing has demonstrated and it is well understood that the conductivity of a proppant under downhole conditions in a propped fracture is significantly less than that measured in the lab under ideal conditions of single phase Darcy flow at 2 lbm/ft2 loading. (Duenckel et al. 2017) This results from the combined effects of low proppant concentrations, frac fluid damage, multiphase flow and non-Darcy flow as well as other damage mechanisms. The paper will demonstrate that the pressure loss in the fracture resulting from the combined effects of these damage mechanisms quickly consumes the available energy to the point that the viscous forces are less than the capillary and gravity forces in the fracture, limiting further flowing length. In very low permeability reservoirs inflow from the reservoir quickly becomes insufficient to overcome gravity and capillary forces. The paper will also address the following question: if effective lengths are very short of what benefit is pumping large volumes of proppant? Further, how does one explain apparent field evidence for long fracture lengths (e.g. pressure communication) if indeed the effective length is much shorter? The paper will show how effective fracture lengths are not dependent on propped fracture properties alone. Given the limited effective conductivity resulting from a combination of damage mechanisms, the interaction of the propped fracture conductivity and reservoir inflow dictate effective fracture lengths. The resulting effective lengths are expected to be much shorter than the created lengths.