gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactive-state recognition from EEG signals and its application in cognitive load computation (2016)

Extraction of desirable information from electroencephalogram signals require same level of active involvement from the participants throughout the entire duration of the task. However, this is hard to attain due to environmental, personal and internal factors including thought processes. This poses a major challenge in realizing accurate evaluation of mental workload. This study is aimed at detection of the inactive mental states of the participant during an experimental task. Conventionally cognitive load is computed with respect to the baseline period. Here a novel approach is adopted based on the detection of most inactive mental state during the rest period. It is observed that alpha rhythms (8 - 12 Hz) are dominant than theta rhythms (4 - 7 Hz) during the rest state and this information is used in determining the most inactive mental states. Galvanic skin response (GSR) is also analyzed for the same purpose to validate the decoded mental state from the brain signals. Results indicate that the proposed approach of inactivity detection, improves the overall accuracy of detection of cognitive load by 15.57 %.
TrustCircle (2019)

Evaluating trustworthiness of peers prior to engaging in any collaborative or transactional activity is crucial in sharing economy platforms. Current systems are heuristic in nature, limited in their approach to model trust. They provide non-personalized, unstructured data leading to increased time and effort while assessing trustworthiness of available options. These systems also fail to adapt to user's changing trust profile for different contexts and situations. In this paper, we propose a trust framework that helps structure factors essential in evaluating trustworthiness of peers and services they offer or seek. We apply this framework to build a recommender system that learns user-specific dynamic trust profile and provide personalized trustworthy recommendations. We implement this system in context of peer-to-peer ride-sharing where the system uses features from the framework, user feedback and platform usage data to learn a personalized dynamic trust profile for recommending the most trustworthy rides.
Effect of Canavanine from Alfalfa Seeds on the Population Biology of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (1998)

Bacillus cereus UW85 suppresses diseases of alfalfa seedlings, although alfalfa seed exudate inhibits the growth of UW85 in culture (J. L. Milner, S. J. Raffel, B. J. Lethbridge, and J. Handelsman, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 43:685-691, 1995). In this study, we determined the chemical basis for and biological role of the inhibitory activity. All of the alfalfa germ plasm tested included seeds that released inhibitory material. We purified the inhibitory material from one alfalfa cultivar and identified it as canavanine, which was present in the cultivar Iroquois seed exudate at a concentration of 2 mg/g of seeds. Multiple lines of evidence suggested that canavanine activity accounted for all of the inhibitory activity. Both canavanine and seed exudate inhibited the growth of UW85 on minimal medium; growth inhibition by either canavanine or seed exudate was prevented by arginine, histidine, or lysine; and canavanine and crude seed exudate had the same spectrum of activity against B. cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Vibrio cholerae. The B. cereus UW85 populations surrounding canavanine-exuding seeds were up to 100-fold smaller than the populations surrounding non-canavanine-exuding seeds, but canavanine did not affect the growth of UW85 on seed surfaces. The spermosphere populations of canavanine-resistant mutants of UW85 were larger than the spermosphere populations of UW85, but the mutants and UW85 were similar in spermoplane colonization. These results indicate that canavanine exuded from alfalfa seeds affects the population biology of B. cereus.
Laser Based Projection System for Displays, Signage and Illumination (2014)

A laser based projection system is described and demonstrated for display, illumination, and signage applications. The approach achieves high coupling efficiency of multiple laser beams at each of the three primary colors red, green, and blue with the use of tapered fiber bundles that couple light from multiple multimode fibers to the inner cladding of a double clad fiber. The fiber delivers the signals to an optical projection head for spatial modulation and projection. The method allows for scalable, pay-as-you-grow systems with fault tolerant flexibility for potential source failures. We show that the use of multiple lasers for each primary wavelength and the propagation of the signal through multimode fibers also allows for reduced speckle in the system.
FPGA Programmable Logic Block Evaluation using (2005)

This paper describes a novel Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic synthesis technique which determines if a logic function can be implemented in a given programmable circuit and describes how this problem can be formalized and solved using Quantied Boolean Satisabilit y. This technique is general enough to be applied to any type of logic function and programmable circuit; thus, it has many applications to FPGAs. The application demonstrated in this paper is FPGA PLB evaluation where the results show that this tool allows radical new features of FPGA logic blocks to be evaluated in a rigorous scientic way.
Miniature oscillators based on optical whispering gallery mode resonators (2008)

We discuss two approaches for producing spectrally pure high frequency microwave signals using miniature photonic devices. One way is based on the hyper parametric oscillations in a solid state optical resonator possessing a cubic optical nonlinearity; the other - on the microresonator based opto-electronic oscillator.We show that the optically pumped nonlinear resonator produces optical sidebands result in generation of high frequency spectrally pure microwaves when demodulated on a fast photodiode. We also show that an opto-electronic oscillator containing a narrowband whispering gallery mode electro-optical modulator possesses low phase noise even if the optical loop of the oscillator does not contain an optical fiber delay line. We demonstrate K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> band oscillator experimentally.
Sensing of Airborne Nanoparticles Using Miniaturized Whipple Double Condenser (2016)

We have demonstrated the sensing of airborne nanoparticles using a miniaturized Whipple double condenser (MWDC). Each condenser (17 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, and 1 mm tall) was fabricated using photolithography and copper electroplating. The MWDC was theoretically shown to function within the laminar flow regime and capable of detecting 10and 20-nm particles at a flow rate of 0.3 LPM. Monodispersed isopropyl alcohol and oleic acid airborne nanoparticles (10 and 20 nm) were generated using a TSI Model 9302 Single Jet Atomizer and TSI 3080 Electrostatic Classifier, and were electrically charged with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">85</sup> Kr isotope. The calculated and experimental particle pass through ratio (PPR) agreed reasonably well. Using a Keithley 616 electrometer, similar threshold condenser voltage (maximum second condenser current) was observed in both experimental PPR as well as the second condenser current versus condenser voltage plot. The MWDC also displayed characteristic Whipple curves in its experimental I/V versus kc plots. These data demonstrate the feasibility of the microfabricated double condenser design as the basis of a miniaturized nanoparticle sizing and counting device.
${\rm MgB}_{2}$ for MRI Magnets: Test Coils and Superconducting Joints Results (2012)

Among key design and operation issues for MgB<sub>2</sub> relevant to MRI magnets are: uniformity of current-carrying capacity over long lengths (>2 km) of wire; and reliability of a splicing technique. This paper presents experimental results of current-carrying capacities of a small test coil and joints, both made from MgB<sub>2</sub> round wires, multifilament and monofilament (mono), manufactured by Hyper Tech Research, Inc. The test coils were wound with 95-m long unreacted, C (carbon)-doped MgB<sub>2</sub> multifilament wire, sintered at 700°C for 90 min. The critical currents were measured in the 4.2 K-15 K and 0 T-5 T ranges. We have modified our original splicing technique, proven successful with unreacted, un-doped MgB<sub>2</sub> multifilament wire sintered at 570°C, and applied it to splice both un-doped and C-doped mono wires sintered at 700°C. Most consistently good results were obtained using the un-doped mono wires. Also presented are results of a small joint-coil-PCS assembly of mono wire, operated in persistent mode at 50 A at >10 K.
Bremelanotide for Female Sexual Dysfunctions (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Bremelanotide is a novel heptapeptide melanocortin receptor-4 agonist. This study examined its at-home, as-needed subcutaneous self-administration by premenopausal women with female sexual dysfunctions. Key outcomes were subjected to prespecified responder analyses. METHODS: After 4 weeks of at-home placebo self-dosing (baseline period), premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, or both were randomized to 12-week, at-home use of placebo or bremelanotide at 0.75, 1.25, or 1.75 mg. End points included changes from baseline to end of study in the monthly number of satisfying sexual events and in Female Sexual Function Index total score and Female Sexual Distress Scale—Desire/Arousal/Orgasm total score. Analyses of percent of responders were anchored to expert estimates of minimal clinically important differences: +1 for satisfying sexual events, +2.1 for Female Sexual Function Index, and –7 for Female Sexual Distress Scale—Desire/Arousal/Orgasm. RESULTS: Overall, 327 randomized participants used at-home study drug and provided data (for satisfying sexual events, 324). For placebo and bremelanotide at 0.75 mg, 1.25 mg, 1.75 mg, and 1.25 and 1.75 mg pooled, responder rates were 37%, 38%, 48%, 55%, and 51% for satisfying sexual events; 46%, 45%, 61%, 69%, and 65% on the Female Sexual Function Index; and 45%, 49%, 60%, 69%, and 64% on the Female Sexual Distress Scale–Desire/Arousal/Orgasm. For all three end points, the difference from placebo was statistically significant (P <.05, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test) at 1.75 mg and at 1.25 and 1.75 mg pooled. CONCLUSIONS: Premenopausal women using self-administered subcutaneous bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions showed dose-dependent separations from placebo in the percentages of patients reaching expert-determined minimally clinically important differences for three clinically relevant variables with statistical significance compared with placebo for all three responder rates at 1.75 mg and 1.25 mg and 1.75 mg pooled.
Leveraging Communication Topologies Between Learning Agents in Deep Reinforcement Learning (2020)

A common technique to improve learning performance in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and many other machine learning algorithms is to run multiple learning agents in parallel [7, 11]. A neglected component in the development of these algorithms has been how best to arrange the learning agents involved to improve distributed search [1-3, 13]. Here we draw upon results from the networked optimization literatures [4-6] suggesting that arranging learning agents in communication networks other than fully connected topologies (the implicit way agents are commonly arranged in) can improve learning. As shown in Fig. 2, our intuition is that decentralized communication topologies will lead to clusters of agents searching different parts of the landscape simultaneously.
Dynamic Imaging of Small Molecule Induced Protein–Protein Interactions in Living Cells with a Fluorophore Phase Transition Based Approach (2018)

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate signal transduction in cells. Small molecules that regulate PPIs are important tools for biology and biomedicine. Dynamic imaging of small molecule induced PPIs characterizes and verifies these molecules in living cells. It is thus important to develop cellular assays for dynamic visualization of small molecule induced protein-protein association and dissociation in living cells. Here we have applied a fluorophore phase transition based principle and designed a PPI assay named SPPIER (separation of phases-based protein interaction reporter). SPPIER utilizes the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and is thus genetically encoded. Upon small molecule induced PPI, SPPIER rapidly forms highly fluorescent GFP droplets in living cells. SPPIER detects immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) induced PPI between cereblon and the transcription factor Ikaros. It also detects IMiD analogue (e.g., CC-885) induced PPI between cereblon and GSPT1. Furthermore, SPPIER can visualize bifunctional molecules (e.g. PROTAC)-induced PPI between an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein. Lastly, SPPIER can be modified to image small molecule induced protein-protein dissociation, such as nutlin-induced dissociation between HDM2 and p53. The intense brightness and rapid kinetics of SPPIER enable robust and dynamic visualization of PPIs in living cells.
Aqueous Room Temperature Metal-Catalyzed Living Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride (2002)

This paper describes the room-temperature living radical polymerization (LRP) of vinyl chloride in H2O/THF in the presence of Cu0 or CuI salts as catalysts, tren or PEI as ligands, and iodoform as initiator. The disproportionation reaction 2CuI + L --> Cu0 + CuII(L) is the crucial step, as it continuously provides the active species for both the initiation (Cu0) and the reversible termination step (CuII). Mn was found to increase linearly with conversion and is in good agreement with Mth, with the Mw/Mn being approximately 1.5.
Synthesis and Automated Labeling of [<sup>18</sup>F]Darapladib, a Lp-PLA<sub>2</sub> Ligand, as Potential PET Imaging Tool of Atherosclerosis (2019)

Atherosclerosis and its associated clinical complications are major health issues in industrialized countries. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (Lp-PLA<sub>2</sub>) was demonstrated to play an important role in atherogenesis and to be a potential risk prediction factor of plaque rupture. Darapladib is one of the most potent Lp-PLA<sub>2</sub> inhibitors with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.25 nM. Using its affinity for Lp-PLA<sub>2</sub>, we describe herein the total synthesis of darapladib radiolabeling precursor and the automated radiolabeling process for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging via an arylboronate moiety. The tracer thus obtained was tested in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (ApoE KO) and compared with the widely used [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG) PET tracer, known to label metabolically active cells. [<sup>18</sup>F]Darapladib showed a significant accumulation within mice aortic atheromatous plaques dissected out <i>ex vivo</i> compared to [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG. Incubation of the radiotracer with human carotid samples showed a strong accumulation within the atherosclerotic plaques and supports its potential for use in PET imaging.
Micromachined ultrasonic transducers (MUTs) (2002)

The fabrication and modeling of ultrasonic air transducers is reported. The transducers are made using surface micromachining techniques, which enable the realization of capacitive transducers with center frequencies ranging from 1 MHz to 12 MHz. Transmission experiments in air at 3.1 MHz, 5.6 MHz, 9.2 MHz, and 11.4 MHz are reported. Custom circuitry is able to detect capacitance fluctuations on the order of 10/sup -18/ F and fluctuating as fast as 20 MHz. The transducers can be optimized for either transmission or reception. By leveraging the precise structural control provided by micromachining, receivers with displacement sensitivity well in the sub-angstrom range can be fabricated. Such detection sensitivity is shown to yield transducer systems with a 100 dB signal to noise ratio. An improved theoretical model for the transducers is presented. The theoretical model describes the static behavior of the membrane. Theoretical predictions of the dynamic behavior of the membrane also agree well with experimental results.
Performance characteristics of displacement-type vacuum pumps (1986)

As recently as 25 years ago, high vacuum pumping was accomplished using mostly diffusion pumps and oil-sealed mechanical pumps. Now, there are alternate technologies available: ion-gettering pumps, turbomolecular pumps, and cryopumps. To be able to make an appropriate selection for a given application, a user should be familiar with properties of each pump. Here, the discussion is limited to mechanical, turbomolecular and vapor jet or diffusion pumps. The following topics are considered: concept of a vacuum pump as a compressor, displacement and pressure ratio characteristics of vacuum pumps, meaning of ultimate pressure and pumping speed in reference to partial pressures, staging problems between high and rough vacuum pumps, steady state, transient and overload conditions, and similarities between diffusion and turbomolecular pumps.
Lumped-element output networks for high-efficiency power amplifiers (2010)

At UHF and higher frequencies, the output networks for class-E and -F power amplifiers are generally implemented by transmission-line networks. Typically, quarter-wavelength stubs for the second and third harmonics are placed at selected distances from the drain in order to create the required harmonic impedances inside the RF-power transistor. This paper presents an analogous technique using lumped-elements networks. This technique not only allows the networks to be adjusted for the frequency of operation, but also allows operation at lower frequencies (e.g., VHF and HF) where transmission-line networks are impractical. The new technique is verified by experiment with a second-harmonic class-E power amplifier. This amplifier operates at 900-MHz achieving 10-W output power and 73% drain efficiency with either type of network.
Dual Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH)/Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitors with Improved Potency Towards Rodent Species (2018)

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are therapeutic targets that are independently known to regulate pain. Concurrent inhibition of these two targets is known to be synergistic at reducing pain; thus, we have sought to design dual inhibitors that leverage this synergy in a potent small molecule. Previous efforts have led to very potent and selective inhibitors that target human species but are poorly active on rodent enzymes. In the current work, we attempted an alternative approach towards inhibitor design that was intended to be more potent on rodent enzyme. The approach modified the FAAH inhibitor URB597 (mouse IC 50 = 11 nM) to include sEH pharmacophores leading to two new inhibitors: C‐14 (mouse FAAH IC 50 = 0.27 nM, mouse sEH IC 50 = 68 nM) and C‐20 (mouse FAAH IC 50 = 4.4 nM, mouse sEH IC 50 = 1.3 nM). C‐20 is 320‐fold and 15‐fold more potent on mouse FAAH and sEH, respectively, than our previous series of dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors. Relative to URB597, these inhibitors had a higher selectivity ratio towards other serine hydrolase; however, caution is required in their application to prevent confounding results. Future studies will test their therapeutic potential in rodent models of pain and other diseases. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R01 ES002710 and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program grant P42 ES004699. SDK was supported by a NIGMS‐funded Pharmacology Training Program (T32GM099608). This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Measurement of pH in Whole Blood by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (1999)

Whole blood pH has been determined in vitro by using near-infrared spectroscopy over the wavelength range of 1500 to 1785 nm with multivariate calibration modeling of the spectral data obtained from two different sample sets. In the first sample set, the pH of whole blood was varied without controlling cell size and oxygen saturation (O 2 Sat) variation. The result was that the red blood cell (RBC) size and O 2 Sat correlated with pH. Although the partial least-squares (PLS) multivariate calibration of these data produced a good pH prediction cross-validation standard error of prediction (CVSEP) = 0.046, R 2 = 0.982, the spectral data were dominated by scattering changes due to changing RBC size that correlated with the pH changes. A second experiment was carried out where the RBC size and O 2 Sat were varied orthogonally to the pH variation. A PLS calibration of the spectral data obtained from these samples produced a pH prediction with an R 2 of 0.954 and a cross-validated standard error of prediction of 0.064 pH units. The robustness of the PLS calibration models was tested by predicting the data obtained from the other sets. The predicted pH values obtained from both data sets yielded R 2 values greater than 0.9 once the data were corrected for differences in hemoglobin concentration. For example, with the use of the calibration produced from the second sample set, the pH values from the first sample set were predicted with an R 2 of 0.92 after the predictions were corrected for bias and slope. It is shown that spectral information specific to pH-induced chemical changes in the hemoglobin molecule is contained within the PLS loading vectors developed for both the first and second data sets. It is this pH specific information that allows the spectra dominated by pH-correlated scattering changes to provide robust pH predictive ability in the uncorrelated data, and visa versa.
Sulfate Separation from Hanford Waste Simulants by Selective Crystallization of Urea-Functionalized Capsules (2012)

Crystallization of urea-functionalized capsules self-assembled from a tripodal anion receptor (L1) was evaluated as a means to selectively separate sulfate from aqueous alkaline solutions simulating Hanford waste compositions. The crystallizing solids consist of anionic capsules, and or hydrated cations, alternating in three-dimensional frameworks with NaCl-type topology. While both frameworks encapsulate sulfate selectively upon crystallization through the formation of complementary hydrogen bonds from the urea groups, the separation efficacy depends strongly on the nature of the cation, the pH, and the nature and concentration of competing anions in the solution. Crystallization of the Mg-based capsules provides an efficient sulfate separation from mildly alkaline solutions (pH < 9.5), with more basic conditions leading instead to Mg(OH)2 and L1 precipitation. On the other hand, crystallization of the Na-based capsules proved efficient from highly alkaline solutions (pH = 14) with compositions similar t...