gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self‐polymerizing Zfra peptides elicit immune response for targeting cancer (2012)

A novel immune response in targeting skin, breast, and many other cancer cells can be elicited by using self‐polymerizing peptides. Synthetic Zfra, a 31‐amino‐acid zinc finger‐like protein that regulates apoptosis, undergoes self‐polymerization in degassed enzyme‐free solutions. Pre‐injection of the full length Zfra1‐31, or truncated Zfra4‐10, via tail veins (<40 micromoles) protects nude mice from growing human lung cancer NCI‐H1299, basal cell carcinoma BCC, melanoma B16F10, glioma 13‐06‐MG and U87‐ MG, and many others. Alteration of Ser8 to Gly resulted in failure of self‐polymerization and cancer suppression, suggesting that Ser8 is central to the function of Zfra both in vivo and in vitro. When spleen cells from Zfra‐treated nude mice were transferred to naïve nude mice, these mice became resistant to the growth of implanted cancer cells (50–78% suppression), suggesting that non‐ T “memory” cells are involved in blocking cancer growth. NODSCID mice, which are defective in innate T and B cells, failed to generate anticancer response upon pretreatment with Zfra peptides. The observations suggest non‐T immune cells are involved in anticancer response. (supported by DoD, USA and NHRI and NSC, Taiwan)
Radical‐initiated homopolymerization and copolymerization of ethyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate (1989)

Abstract Ethyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate (EHMA) was synthesized and homopolymerized in bulk and in solution. The poly(EHMA) is readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and methylene chloride at room temperature. Intramolecular lactone formation occurred when poly(EHMA) was heated to 180–230°C. The kinetics of EHMA homopolymerization was investigated in ethyl acetate, using α,α′‐azobisisobutylonitrile as an initiator. The rate of polymerization R p was expressed by R p = k [AIBN] 0.50 [EHMA] 1.4 and the overall activation energy was calculated as 71.9 kJ/mol. Kinetic constants for EHMA polymerization were obtained as follows: k p / k = 0.17L 0.9 mol −0.9 s −0.5 ; 2 fk d = 1.5 × 10 −5 s −1 . The relative reactivity ratios of EHMA(M 2 ) copolymerization with styrene ( r 1 = 0.472, r 2 = 0.564) in ethyl acetate were obtained. Applying the Q‐e scheme led to Q = 0.84 and e = 0.35 for EHMA.
D-lactate metabolism in the alga, Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii (1986)

(/sup 14/C)D-lactate rapidly accumulates in Chlamydomonas cells under anaerobic conditions from the sugar-phosphate pools which are labeled during photosynthesis with /sup 14/CO/sub 2/. A soluble D-lactate dehydrogenase (30 ..mu..mol NADH oxidized/h/mg Chl), which functions only in the direction of pyruvate reduction, has been partially purified and characterized. The D-lactate is reoxidized in Chlamydomonas by a mitochondrial membrane-bound dehydrogenase. This enzyme is known in the plant literature as glycolate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the oxidative photosynthetic carbon (C/sub 2/) cycle. This dehydrogenase may be linked to the mitochondrial electron transport chain, although the direct electron acceptor is unknown. Therefore, D-lactate accumulation may be, in part, due to the shut down of electron transport during anaerobiosis. In vivo chase experiments have shown that the D-lactate turns over rapidly when algal cells, which have been grown with air levels of CO/sub 2/ (0.04%), are returned to aerobic conditions in the light. Such turnover is not observed in cells which had been grown with 1 to 5% CO/sub 2/. Cells grown with high CO/sub 2/ have lower levels of glycolate dehydrogenase activity. They are currently using mutants of Chlamydomonas deficient in mitochondrial respiration to study the role of D-lactate oxidation in these algae.
Differential expression of cytosolic proteins in the rat kidney cortex and medulla: Preliminary proteomics (1998)

The rodent kidney is a target of many xenobiotics and is typified by regionally specific structure and function. This renders distinct regions of the kidney differentially susceptible to toxic exposure and effect. To characterize these differences at the proteome level, protein patterns from male rat kidney cortex and medulla cytosols were examined by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and image analysis and prominent proteins identified immunologically or by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray/ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) sequence tag identification. An average of 727 protein spots were resolved and matched to the cortex cytosol reference pattern, and 716 in the medulla. Of this total, 127 proteins were found to differ in abundance (86 higher in cortex; 41 higher in medulla) (P < 0.001). Of those proteins that were detectable in both cortex and medulla, the abundance of 97 differed significantly while 30 proteins were found to be unique to one region or the other (26 in cortex, 4 in medulla). Twenty protein spots were identified and their regional differences are discussed. These results both confirm and expand our understanding of the molecular heterogeneity characterizing structurally and functionally distinct regions of the kidney and serve as a useful foundation for future nephrotoxicologic studies.
[Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of ASGPR ligand-targeted modifier in non-aqueous medium]. (2010)

The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) was used to mediate drug carrier for hepatic targeted drug delivery, this article showed the enzyme-catalyzed esterification of galactose and vinyl stearate and a kind of ASGPR ligand-targeted which was used to insert the surface of liposome has been synthesized. The structure of product has been confirmed by TLC, ESI-MS and 1H NMR. The factors of types and quantity of enzyme, organic solvents, molar ratio of substrate, temperature and time of reaction have been studied. Results showed when using acetone as reaction medium, the quantity of Novozym 435 immobilized lipase was 30 mg mL(-1), molar ratio of galactose to vinyl stearate was 1:5, and reacted at 60 degrees C for 12 h, the transformation of vinyl stearate reached more than 70%. This study provides a novel and efficient route to the synthesis of ligand-targeted modifier.
Anisotropic noise injection for input variables relevance determination (2000)

There are two archetypal ways to control the complexity of a flexible regressor: subset selection and ridge regression. In neural-networks jargon, they are, respectively, known as pruning and weight decay. These techniques may also be adapted to estimate which features of the input space are relevant for predicting the output variables. Relevance is given by a binary indicator for subset selection, and by a continuous rating for ridge regression. This paper shows how to achieve such a rating for a multilayer perceptron trained with noise (or jitter). Noise injection (NI) is modified in order to penalize heavily irrelevant features. The proposed algorithm is attractive as it requires the tuning of a single parameter. This parameter controls the complexity of the model (effective number of parameters) together with the rating of feature relevances (effective input space dimension). Bounds on the effective number of parameters support that the stability of this adaptive scheme is enforced by the constraints applied to the admissible set of relevance indices. The good properties of the algorithm are confirmed by satisfactory experimental results on simulated data sets.
A 19-Gene expression signature as a predictor of survival in colorectal cancer (2016)

Profiling of these 19 genes may provide a more accurate method to predict survival of patients with colorectal cancer and assist in identifying patients who require more intensive treatment.
Determination of robustness and optimal work conditions for a purification process of a therapeutic recombinant protein using response surface methodology (2011)

A typical chromatographic purification step has numerous operating parameters that can impact its performance. As it is not feasible to evaluate the influence of each one, the current practice in biopharmaceutical industry is to apply risk analysis approach to identify process parameters that should be examined during process characterization. Once these parameters are identified, a response surface study can be run to help understand the relationship between critical inputs and outputs. We performed a study comprising optimization and robustness determination for a Blue-Sepharose purification step of rhEPO, a well-known therapeutic glycoprotein. Initially, risk analysis was fulfilled to identify key parameters. A small-scale model was created and qualified before its use in experimental studies, given by a Box-Behnken design with three factors. This method proved to be a very useful tool in bioprocess validation studies in which many input variables can affect product quality and safety.
The majority of total nuclear-encoded non-ribosomal RNA in a human cell is 'dark matter' un-annotated RNA (2010)

We conclude that 'dark matter' RNA can constitute the majority of non-ribosomal, non-mitochondrial-RNA and a significant fraction arises from numerous very long, intergenic transcribed regions that could be involved in neoplastic transformation.
Ultra-thin wide-angle perfect absorber for infrared frequencies (2008)

A two dimensional design of an ultra-thin, wide-angle perfect absorber for infrared light is proposed. The geometry of the structure is simple enough to be realized with present fabrication techniques, yet it is shown numerically to exhibit nearly 100% absorption at the resonant wavelength that is tunable by adjusting its geometric parameters. The angular dependence of the absorption for different polarizations of the incident radiation is presented, remaining above 95% in P-polarization and 90% in S-polarization (in the orthogonal incidence plane) for the incidence angles up to 45°. The robustness and tunability of the structure with respect to the variations of its geometric parameters is quantified.
Investigational plasma kallikrein inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic macular edema: an expert assessment (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Plasma kallikrein is a mediator of vascular leakage and inflammation. Activation of plasma kallikrein can induce features of diabetic macular edema (DME) in preclinical models. Human vitreous shows elevated plasma kallikrein levels in patients with DME. Because of the incomplete response of some patients to anti-VEGF agents, and the treatment burden associated with frequent dosing, there is still considerable need for VEGF-independent targeted pathways.<b>Areas covered</b>: This review covers the role of plasma kallikrein in the pathogenesis of DME and the therapeutic potential of plasma kallikrein inhibitors. It discusses early clinical studies of plasma kallikrein pathway modulation for DME, which have been associated with some improvement in visual acuity but with limited improvement in macular edema. This review also highlights KVD001, which is furthest along the development pathway, THR-149, which has recently completed a phase 1 study, and oral agents under development.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Plasma kallikrein inhibitors have a potential role in the treatment of DME, with mixed functional/anatomic results in early clinical trials. Given the large unmet need in DME treatment, further studies are warranted.
Direct‐Write Thermocapillary Dewetting of Polymer Thin Films by a Laser‐Induced Thermal Gradient (2013)

A positive-tone 2D direct-write technique that can achieve sub-wavelength patterning by non-linear overlap effects in a conventional polymer system is described. The technique involves relatively inexpensive free-space optics, skips the usual development step, and promises the possibility of a lithographic method that is solvent-free.
Effect of urea on protein separation by ion-exchange chromatography (2010)

Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) is the most frequently used chromatographic technique for the separation of proteins and peptides. In this article, the effects of urea on IEC separation of kiwifruit actinidin, egg white and urinary proteins were examined. The purity and relative amount of each protein in different conditions (in the presence or absence of urea) were compared with each other. The three parameters, including resolution, selectivity and efficiency of column in the presence of urea, were calculated and compared with the absence of urea. The results revealed that urea improved the purity of proteins and the resolution, selectivity and efficiency of IEC in separation of studied proteins.
Microfluidic platforms for plant cells studies (2014)

Conventional methods of plant cell analysis rely on growing plant cells in soil pots or agarose plates, followed by screening the plant phenotypes in traditional greenhouses and growth chambers. These methods are usually costly, need a large number of experiments, suffer from low spatial resolution and disorderly growth behavior of plant cells, with lack of ability to locally and accurately manipulate the plant cells. Microfluidic platforms take advantage of miniaturization for handling small volume of liquids and providing a closed environment, with the purpose of in vitro single cell analysis and characterizing cell response to external cues. These platforms have shown their ability for high-throughput cellular analysis with increased accuracy of experiments, reduced cost and experimental times, versatility in design, ability for large-scale and combinatorial screening, and integration with other miniaturized sensors. Despite extensive research on animal cells within microfluidic environments for high-throughput sorting, manipulation and phenotyping studies, the application of microfluidics for plant cells studies has not been accomplished yet. Novel devices such as RootChip, RootArray, TipChip, and PlantChip developed for plant cells analysis, with high spatial resolution on a micrometer scale mimicking the internal microenvironment of plant cells, offering preliminary results on the capability of microfluidics to conquer the constraints of conventional methods. These devices have been used to study different aspects of plant cell biology such as gene expression, cell biomechanics, cellular mechanism of growth, cell division, and cells fusion. This review emphasizes the advantages of current microfluidic systems for plant science studies, and discusses future prospects of microfluidic platforms for characterizing plant cells response to diverse external cues.
Asymmetric Transfer Learning with Deep Gaussian Processes (2015)

We introduce a novel Gaussian process based Bayesian model for asymmet-ric transfer learning. We adopt a two-layer feed-forward deep Gaussian process as the task learner of source and target domains. The first layer projects the data onto a separate non-linear manifold for each task. We perform knowledge transfer by projecting the target data also onto the source domain and linearly combin-ing its representations on the source and target domain manifolds. Our approach achieves the state-of-the-art in a benchmark real-world image categorization task, and improves on it in cross-tissue tumor detection from histopathology tissue slide images. 1
Zinc N-substituted porphyrins as novel initiators for the living and immortal polymerizations of episulfide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZinc N-substituted porphyrins as novel initiators for the living and immortal polymerizations of episulfideTakuzo Aida, Kenichi Kawaguchi, and Shohei InoueCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 17, 3887–3892Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00219a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (739 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Interaction of Mg2+ with human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. II. Mechanism and site of interaction. (1984)

The dehydrogenase reaction of the cytoplasmic isozyme (E1) of human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) was inhibited while that of the mitochondrial isozyme (E2) was stimulated by low levels of Mg2+ (up to about 150 microM). However, with respect to esterase activity, Mg2+ had a similar effect on both isozymes in that only the NADH-stimulated reaction was effected. Comparison of coenzyme dissociation constants from the dehydrogenase reaction with the coenzyme stimulation constants from the esterase reactions provided the detailed mechanism of the action of Mg2+. The data indicate that Mg2+ acts similarly to bring about alterations in the activity of both isozymes. With E1, where NADH release is the rate-determining step, Mg2+ inhibits by causing a tighter binding of NADH to the enzyme. With E2, however, the stimulation results from the increased rate of acid release from the ternary complex (rate-determining step for E2) when Mg2+ is also present. These results suggest that three enzyme conformers participate in the dehydrogenase reaction and provide a unified mechanism for the stimulation of the dehydrogenase reaction catalyzed by the E2 isozyme, inhibition of the same reaction catalyzed by the E1 isozyme, and the effects of Mg2+ on the esterase reactions (nonstimulated and coenzyme stimulated) of both isozymes.
Theoretical Analysis of Mechanistic Pathways for Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Cobaloximes (2011)

The mechanistic pathways for hydrogen evolution catalyzed by cobalt complexes with supporting diglyoxime ligands are analyzed with computational methods. The cobaloximes studied are Co(dmgBF(2))(2) (dmg = dimethylglyoxime) and Co(dpgBF(2))(2) (dpg = diphenylglyoxime) in acetonitrile. The reduction potentials and pK(a) values are calculated with density functional theory in conjunction with isodesmic reactions, incorporating the possibility of axial solvent ligand loss during the reduction process. The solvent reorganization energies for electron transfer between the cobalt complex and a metal electrode and the inner-sphere reorganization energies accounting for intramolecular rearrangements and the possibility of ligand loss are also calculated. The relative reduction potentials agree quantitatively with the available experimental values. The pK(a)s and reorganization energies agree qualitatively with estimates based on experimental data. The calculations suggest that a peak measured at ca. -1.0 V vs SCE in cyclic voltammetry experiments for Co(dmgBF(2))(2) is more likely to correspond to the Co(II)H/Co(I)H reduction potential than the Co(III)H/Co(II)H reduction potential. The calculations also predict pK(a) values of Co-hydride complexes and reduction potentials for both cobaloximes that have not been determined experimentally. The results are consistent with a mechanism in which the Co(III) and Co(II) complexes have two axial solvent ligands and the Co(I) complex has a single axial ligand along the reaction pathway. Analysis of the free energy diagrams generated for six different monometallic and bimetallic hydrogen production pathways identified the most favorable pathways for Co(dmgBF(2))(2) and tosic acid. The thermodynamically favored monometallic pathway passes through a Co(III)H intermediate, and Co(II)H reacts with the acid to produce H(2). The thermodynamically favored bimetallic pathways also pass through the Co(III)H intermediate, but the pathways in which two Co(III)H or two Co(II)H complexes react to produce H(2) are not thermodynamically distinguishable with these methods. On the basis of the electrostatic work term associated with bringing the two cobalt complexes together in solution, the preferred bimetallic pathway involves the reaction of two Co(III)H complexes to produce H(2). This mechanistic insight is important for designing more effective catalysts for solar energy conversion.
Thin‐section MR imaging of rat brain at 4.7 T (1992)

The brains of anesthetized 7-month-old male hooded rats were imaged in coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes at 4.7 T. Images were obtained with a section thickness of 0.6 mm and in-plane pixel size of 0.18-0.20 mm, resulting in finer combined spatial and contrast resolution than in most previously published reports. This allowed detailed anatomic assignment of many brain structures on the basis of comparison with a histologic brain atlas. T1, apparent T2, and water proton density values of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were derived from saturation-recovery and multi-echo measurements. These values were used to calculate expected contrast-to-noise ratios as a function of TR and TE in spin-echo imaging sequences. The optimal simultaneous contrast between gray and white matter and between CSF and gray matter was obtained on images with moderate T2 weighing, with a TR of 3.6 seconds and a TE of 45 msec. The use of thin sections was found to be essential for resolving many fine structures, and the improved sensitivity provided by the high magnetic field strength was crucial for imaging such thin sections at adequate signal-to-noise ratios.
A Single-Resonator GaAs FET Oscillator with Noise Degeneration (2005)

A low noise GaAs FET oscillator circuit is presented. It uses a single dielectric resonator both in the oscillator feedback circuit and as the dispersive element of a discriminator in a frequency locked loop used for noise degeneration. An FM noise level of -120 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset was measured at X-band.
Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin Using Supported Niobium Catalysts (2017)

Valorization of lignin into aromatics has driven researchers for decades. In this research, niobium was deposited on oyster shells (OSNC) and carbon rods (CRNC) and tested as a catalyst for depolymerization of lignin. Catalysts (2%, 5%, and 8% loading) were synthesized via wet impregnation. Batch experiments were performed at 95 °C, using 8 g of lignin, and 1 g of catalyst. Our research indicates that niobium supported catalysts are effective in partial oxidation of lignin. Maximum vanillin concentration for OSNC was found to be 86.25 mg L−1 (0.1 wt%) at 5% niobium whereas, as for CRNC, maximum vanillin concentration was found to be 139.40 mg L−1 (0.17 wt%) at 2% niobium loading. Addition of hydrogen peroxide into the batch reactor decreased the concentration of vanillin production.