gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody-Enhanced, Fc Gamma Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Toxin A (2009)

Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) are major virulence factors of Clostridium difficile. These two toxins intoxicate cultured cells by similar mechanisms, and TcdB generally is more potent than TcdA in cultured cells. The exact reason for this difference is unclear. Here, we report that the cellular effects of TcdA can be substantially enhanced via an opsonizing antibody through Fc gamma receptor I (FcgammaRI)-mediated endocytosis. A TcdA-specific monoclonal antibody, A1H3, was found to significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of TcdA to macrophages and monocytes. The A1H3-dependent enhancement of glucosyltransferase activity, cytoskeleton disruption, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production induced by TcdA was further demonstrated using RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequent experiments indicated that the interaction of FcgammaRI with A1H3 underlays the antibody-dependent enhancement of the cellular effects of TcdA. While blocking FcgammaRII and FcgammaRIII with anti-CD16/32 antibodies did not affect the TcdA-mediated glucosylation of Rac1 in RAW 264.7 cells, presaturation of FcgammaRI with anti-CD64 antibodies in THP1 cells significantly reduced this activity. Incubation of a TcdA-A1H3 immune complex with recombinant mouse CD64 completely abrogated the A1H3-mediated enhancement of the glucosyltransferase activity of TcdA in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, expression of FcgammaRI in CHO cells strikingly enhanced the sensitivity of these cells to TcdA complexed with A1H3. We showed that the presence of A1H3 facilitated cell surface recruitment of TcdA, contributing to the antibody-dependent, FcgammaRI-mediated enhancement of TcdA activity. Finally, studies using chlorpromazine and endosomal acidification inhibitors revealed an important role of the endocytic pathway in the A1H3-dependent enhancement of TcdA activity.
Hybrid resonance and the total absorption of low frequency acoustic waves (2015)

By creating two or more resonances on a structured thin membrane, it can be shown that a reflecting surface placed close by can cause the two neighboring resonances to hybridize at a frequency intermediate between the two. As the hybrid resonance's wave amplitude profile is necessarily the linear superposition of the two original resonant eigenfunctions, the two degrees of freedom can mean that the surface-averaged hybrid resonance amplitude, and its variance, may be separately tunable. It is shown that whereas the average amplitude can serve to match impedance with air, the variance component is “deaf” and serves to absorb the incoming wave energy. The result is a deeply subwavelength structure that can totally absorb the incident wave at tunable frequencies.
All Optical 3R Regenerator Based on Semiconductor (2007)

All optical 3R regenerator based on semiconductor is a main building block in realizing all optical signal processing because of small compact, robust, and low cost compatible solution. Functional elements and architectures for building up to 40 Gbps all optical 3R regenerators will be discussed.
Autostereoscopic display with 60 ray directions using LCD with optimized color filter layout (2007)

We developed a mobile-size integral videography (IV) display that reproduces 60 ray directions. IV is an autostereoscopic video image technique based on integral photography (IP). The IV display consists of a 2-D display and a microlens array. The maximal spatial frequency (MSF) and the number of rays appear to be the most important factors in producing realistic autostereoscopic images. Lens pitch usually determines the MSF of IV displays. The lens pitch and pixel density of the 2-D display determine the number of rays it reproduces. There is a trade-off between the lens pitch and the pixel density. The shape of an elemental image determines the shape of the area of view. We developed an IV display based on the above correlationship. The IV display consists of a 5-inch 900-dpi liquid crystal display (LCD) and a microlens array. The IV display has 60 ray directions with 4 vertical rays and a maximum of 18 horizontal rays. We optimized the color filter on the LCD to reproduce 60 rays. The resolution of the display is 256x192, and the viewing angle is 30 degrees. These parameters are sufficient for mobile game use. Users can interact with the IV display by using a control pad.
Sovereign Joins (2006)

We present a secure network service for sovereign information sharing whose only trusted component is an off-theshelf secure coprocessor. The participating data providers send encrypted relations to the service that sends the encrypted results to the recipients. The technical challenge in implementing such a service arises from the limited capability of the secure coprocessors: they have small memory, no attached disk, and no facility for communicating directly with other machines in the network. The internal state of an ongoing computation within the secure coprocessor cannot be seen from outside, but its interactions with the server can be exploited by an adversary. We formulate the problem of computing join in this setting where the goal is to prevent information leakage through patterns in I/O while maximizing performance. We specify criteria for proving the security of a join algorithm and provide provably safe algorithms. These algorithms can be used to compute general joins involving arbitrary predicates and multiple sovereign databases. We thus enable a new class of applications requiring query processing across sovereign entities such that nothing apart from the result is revealed to the recipients.
DFB lasers from 760 nm to 3400 nm for sensing applications (2010)

We describe the status quo concerning DFB laser diodes between 760 nm and 3400 nm as well as new developments aiming for up to 80 nm tuning range, high power and low linewidth in this spectral region.
Human Recombinant Antibodies against<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Merozoite Surface Protein 3 Cloned from Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Individuals with Immunity to Malaria Demonstrate Antiparasitic Properties (2006)

Immunoglobulins from individuals with immunity to malaria have a strong antiparasitic effect when transferred to Plasmodium falciparum malaria infected patients. One prominent target of antiparasitic antibodies is the merozoite surface antigen 3 (MSP-3). We have investigated the antibody response against MSP-3 residues 194 to 257 (MSP-3(194-257)) on the molecular level. mRNA from peripheral blood leukocytes from clinically immune individuals was used as a source of Fab (fragment antibody) genes. A Fab-phage display library was made, and three distinct antibodies designated RAM1, RAM2, and RAM3 were isolated by panning. Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 full-length antibodies have been produced in CHO cells. Reactivity with the native parasite protein was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. Furthermore, the antiparasitic effect of RAM1 has been tested in vitro in an antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) assay. Both the IgG1 and the IgG3 versions of the antibody show an inhibitory effect on parasite growth.
Multiple-Port Power Divider/Combiner Circuits Using Circular Microstrip Disk Configurations (1987)

A generalized method for evaluating the scattering parameters of a multiport center-fed circular microstrip disk power divider/combiner circuits is presented. The method is based on the planar circuit approach in which the two-dimensional Green's function of a circular segment is used. Various symmetrical power divider/combiner circuits have been designed and tested. The effect of introducing additional shorted ports between the circumferential output ports on the reduction of spurious radiation losses is discussed. Experimental results verifying the design methodology are given.
Suitcase TOF: A Man-Portable Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (2004)

The need for man-portable analytical instrumentation to detect and identify potential chemical and biological hazards in the environment is growing as the number of natural and man-made threats increases. To that end, APLhas been developing the Suitcase TOF, a small suitcase-sized Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer, and testing it extensively on known chemical and biological agents. This article introduces the reader to TOF mass spectrometry, describes the features of the Suitcase TOF that make it portable and rugged, and touches on the results of agent testing. Application areas include first-responder and special operations spot checks, clinical medicine, medical research, infrastructure and environmental monitoring, law enforcement, and military troop protection.
<b>Differential thermoregulation of two highly homologous cold‐shock genes, <i>cspA</i> and <i>cspB</i>, of <i>Escherichia coli</i></b> (1996)

These results show that cspA and cspB expressions are differentially regulated at low temperature indicating that E. coli contains at least two different biothermostats or thermoregulators that are likely to play important roles in cellular adaptation to low temperature. The cspB promoter shows sequence similarity to the cspA promoter. Furthermore, both cspA and cspB mRNAs have unusually long 5' untranslated regions (159 and 161 bases, respectively), both of which are able to form similar extensive secondary structures. These features are considered to contribute to the nature of the thermostats for cspA and cspB.
High-spatial-resolution nanoparticle x-ray fluorescence tomography (2016)

X-ray fluorescence tomography (XFCT) has potential for high-resolution 3D molecular x-ray bio-imaging. In this technique the fluorescence signal from targeted nanoparticles (NPs) is measured, providing information about the spatial distribution and concentration of the NPs inside the object. However, present laboratory XFCT systems typically have limited spatial resolution (>1 mm) and suffer from long scan times and high radiation dose even at high NP concentrations, mainly due to low efficiency and poor signal-to-noise ratio. We have developed a laboratory XFCT system with high spatial resolution (sub-100 μm), low NP concentration and vastly decreased scan times and dose, opening up the possibilities for in-vivo small-animal imaging research. The system consists of a high-brightness liquid-metal-jet microfocus x-ray source, x-ray focusing optics and an energy-resolving photon-counting detector. By using the source’s characteristic 24 keV line-emission together with carefully matched molybdenum nanoparticles the Compton background is greatly reduced, increasing the SNR. Each measurement provides information about the spatial distribution and concentration of the Mo nanoparticles. A filtered back-projection method is used to produce the final XFCT image.
Quality control evaluation of reinforced sulphur-asphalt composite repair material (1980)

The reinforced sulphur/asphalt composite repair material discussed in this paper was developed primarily for the repair of potholes in roads. 15000 pounds of repair material and 1000 pounds of reinforced sulphur/asphalt binder have been produced by a prototype blending system developed by the Ontario Research Foundation. Quality control tests were conducted on samples to assess appearance, density, stability, hardness and compressive strength. The paper describes the tests and the results.
Enhanced antitumor activity of a novel, oral, helper epitope-containing WT1 protein vaccine in a model of murine leukemia (2023)

B. longum 420/2656 combination further accelerated antitumor activity that relies on WT1-specific CTLs in the tumor compared with B. longum 420.
Generation of Kerr combs in MgF<inf>2</inf> and CaF<inf>2</inf> microresonators (2011)

We report on a study of hyper-parametric oscillation in high-Q calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride optical microresonators, and show that, magnesium fluoride microresonators generate wider Raman-free Kerr frequency combs at telecom wavelengths, in contrast with calcium fluoride ones. We observed 30 nm wide frequency combs in magnesium fluoride microresonators pumped with only 2 mW of continuous wave 1543 nm light.
A morphing approach to address placement stability (2007)

Traditionally, research in global placement has focused on relatively few simple metrics, such as pure wirelength or routability estimates. However, in the real world today, designs are driven by not-so-simple issues such as timing and crosstalk. The future holds even more difficulties as physical models for devices and interconnects become increasingly complex and unpredictable. Adoption of an iterative methodology, where one incrementally fixes design errors, is a basic approach to tackling these problems. However, developers of placement algorithms have long neglected the need for an tool which can be easily adopted into an incremental design flow.
Low-temperature joining of boron carbide ceramics (2012)

Low-temperature joining of boron carbide (B4C) ceramics using an Al sheet was investigated in the temperature range of 600–1200°C for 2 h in vacuum (10−2–10−4 Pa). Successful joining and high bending strength close to that of the B4C base were achieved in the samples joined at 700–1100°C. Different techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the high-strength B4C joints. SEM observations suggested the dense interlayer and the crack-free interface as well as the penetration of Al into the surface microcracks of B4C base. Further TEM examinations revealed that B4C and Al joined directly. EPMA analysis demonstrated the existence of several reaction products within interlayer, including AlB2 and Al3BC, which resulted in the development of high-strength composite interlayer.
Identification of a Carboxyl-terminal Diaphanous-related Formin Homology Protein Autoregulatory Domain (2001)

Mammalian and fungal Diaphanous-related formin homology (DRF) proteins contain several regions of conserved sequence homology. These include an amino-terminal GTPase binding domain (GBD) that interacts with activated Rho family members and formin homology domains that mediate targeting or interactions with signaling kinases and actin-binding proteins. DRFs also contain a conserved Dia-autoregulatory domain (DAD) in their carboxyl termini that binds the GBD. The GBD is a bifunctional autoinhibitory domain that is regulated by activated Rho. Expression of the isolated DAD in cells causes actin fiber formation and stimulates serum response factor-regulated gene expression. Inhibitor experiments show that the effects of exogenous DAD expression are dependent upon cellular Dia proteins. Alanine substitution of DAD consensus residues that disrupt GBD binding also eliminate DAD biological activity. Thus, DAD expression activates nuclear signaling and actin remodeling by mimicking activated Rho and unlatching the autoinhibited state of the cellular complement of Dia proteins.
Efficient Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub>solar cells spray coated from a hydro-alcoholic colloid synthesized by instantaneous reaction (2014)

A fast simple preparation based on spraying a Cu–Zn–Sn–S colloid and a sequentially annealing in N<sub>2</sub>and H<sub>2</sub>S yields compact, continuous layers with grain size of micron order.
Human cell-based taste perception – a bittersweet job for industry (2017)

Covering: 2000 to 2016On the molecular level humans sense food by a variety of specialized tissues which express sensory receptors to handle nutritive value. In general, this means the interplay of gustatory, olfactory, trigeminal and haptic sensation is translated into perception and leads, in terms of taste, to descriptions like sweet, bitter, salty, sour and umami. Further perceptions include astringent, cool, hot, prickle, lingering, kokumi and fatty to name predominant characterizations. It is still not fully understood how this plethora of impressions can be perceived by quite a limited number of receptors obviously being the initial compilers to judge palatability. However, since the discovery of mammalian taste receptors (TASRs) almost 30 years ago the use of taste receptors in cell-based screening campaigns is advancing in industrial approaches. The article will highlight the impacts and the limits of cell-based guided identification of taste modulators for food applications with an emphasis on sweet, bitter and savory taste as well as implications emerging from natural products.
Use of Fructosyl Peptide Oxidase for HbA1c Assay (2015)

ARKRAY, Inc developed the world's first automatic glycohemoglobin analyzer based on HPLC (1981). After that, ARKRAY developed enzymatic HbA1c assay "CinQ HbA1c" with the spread and diversification of HbA1c measurement (2007). CinQ HbA1c is the kit of Clinical Chemistry Analyzer, which uses fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX) for a measurement reaction. This report mainly indicates the developmental background, measurement principle, and future of the enzymatic method HbA1c reagent.
Nitrogen stabilized reactive sputtering of optimized TiO2−x photocatalysts with visible light reactivity (2009)

Photoreactive and visible light responsive nonstoichiometric mixed-phase titania was prepared by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering. Trace amounts of nitrogen were added for process stabilization without being incorporated into the films. Based on the CO2 photoreduction tests and structural and optical characterization, the influence of the trace nitrogen on the sputtered nonstoichiometric TiO2 was studied and was compared to nitrogen-doped titania.
Rapid automated three-dimensional tracing of neurons from confocal image stacks (2002)

Algorithms are presented for fully automatic three-dimensional (3-D) tracing of neurons that are imaged by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Unlike previous voxel-based skeletonization methods, the present approach works by recursively following the neuronal topology, using a set of 4 x N2 directional kernels (e.g., N = 32), guided by a generalized 3-D cylinder model. This method extends our prior work on exploratory tracing of retinal vasculature to 3-D space. Since the centerlines are of primary interest, the 3-D extension can be accomplished by four rather than six sets of kernels. Additional modifications, such as dynamic adaptation of the correlation kernels, and adaptive step size estimation, were introduced for achieving robustness to photon noise, varying contrast, and apparent discontinuity and/or hollowness of structures. The end product is a labeling of all somas present, graph-theoretic representations of all dendritic/axonal structures, and image statistics such as soma volume and centroid, soma interconnectivity, the longest branch, and lengths of all graph branches originating from a soma. This method is able to work directly with unprocessed confocal images, without expensive deconvolution or other preprocessing. It is much faster that skeletonization, typically consuming less than a minute to trace a 70-MB image on a 500-MHz computer. These properties make it attractive for large-scale automated tissue studies that require rapid on-line image analysis, such as high-throughput neurobiology/angiogenesis assays, and initiatives such as the Human Brain Project.
Parametric and catastrophic fault coverage of analog circuits in oscillation-test methodology (2002)

This paper investigates parametric and catastrophic fault coverage of the oscillation-test strategy. A set of definitions to evaluate the efficiency of a test technique and to quantify the parametric fault coverage is therefore introduced. The oscillation-test strategy is a low-cost and practical test method which is very efficient for built-in self-testing of mixed-signal integrated circuits. Active analog filters are used as test vehicle and therefore design for testability techniques to convert them to oscillators have been presented. Discrete practical realizations and extensive simulations based on CMOS 1.2 /spl mu/m technology parameters affirm that the test technique presented for active analog filters ensures high fault coverage and requires a negligible area overhead.
Low viscosity oils. [oxidation resistance] (1981)

An improved low viscosity (I.E.) 5 W to 7 1/2 W engine oil resistant to oxidation and consumption comprising a major portion of a lubricating oil stock, a sulfurized oil, a dispersant, an anti-corrosion agent, an anti-rust agent, a detergent, an antioxidant, and a viscosity index improver.
<i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-Alkyl-2-alkynyl Derivatives of Adenosine as Potent and Selective Agonists at the Human Adenosine A<sub>3</sub>Receptor and a Starting Point for Searching A<sub>2B</sub>Ligands (2002)

A series of N(6)-alkyl-2-alkynyl derivatives of adenosine (Ado) have been synthesized and evaluated for their affinity at human A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors and for their potency at A(2B) adenosine receptor subtypes. The corresponding 2-(1-alkynyl) derivatives of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) and Ado are used as reference compounds. Binding studies demonstrated that the activities of 2-alkynylAdos were slightly increased for the adenosine A(1) receptor and slightly decreased for both A(3) and A(2B) subtypes compared to those of their corresponding NECA derivatives, whereas the A(2A) receptor affinities of the two series of nucleosides were similar. The presence of a methyl group on N(6) of the 2-alkynyladenosines, inducing an increase in affinity at the human A(3) receptor and a decrease at the other subtypes, resulted in an increase in A(3) selectivity. In particular, 2-phenylethynyl-N(6)-methylAdo (8b) showed an A(3) affinity in the low nanomolar range (K(i)(A(3)) = 3.4 nM), with a A(1)/A(3) and A(2A)/A(3) selectivity of about 500 and 2500, respectively. These findings motivated us to search for the preparation of new selective radioligands for the A(3) subtype; hence, a procedure to introduce a tritiated alkylamino group in these molecules was carried out. As far as the potency at the A(2B) receptor, the type of 2-alkynyl chain and the presence of the ethylcarboxamido group on the sugar seem to be very important; in fact, the (S)-2-phenylhydroxypropynylNECA [(S)-PHPNECA, 1e, EC(50)(A(2B)) = 0.22 microM] proved to be one of the most potent A(2B) agonist reported so far. On the other hand, the (S)-2-phenylhydroxypropynyl-N(6)-ethylAdo (9e, EC(50)(A(2B)) = 0.73 microM) showed a significantly increase of potency at the A(2B) subtype in comparison with the N(6)-methyl, N(6)-isopropyl, and the unsubstituted adenosine derivatives, although it resulted in being less potent than (S)-PHPNECA (1e, EC(50)(A(2B)) = 0.22 microM). These observations suggest that the introduction of an ethyl group in the N(6)-position and an ethylcarboxamido substituent in the 4'-position of (S)-2-phenylhydroxypropynyladenosine could lead to a compound endowed with high potency at the A(2B) receptor.