gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Export of mRNA from microinjected nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1992)

Export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was studied in mature Xenopus laevis oocytes. In vitro transcribed, capped 32P-labeled mRNA was microinjected into nuclei, and its appearance in the cytoplasm measured by counting radioactivity or by RNA extraction and gel electrophoresis. Both for a 5.0-kb transferrin receptor mRNA and a 2.0-kb 4F2 antigen heavy chain mRNA we found saturable transport with an apparent Km of 3.6 x 10(8) molecules per oocyte nucleus. Under non-saturating conditions the half-time for mRNA export from the nucleus was approximately 2 min at 20 degrees C. At higher concentrations of injected mRNA this half-time was prolonged, and the maximal transport rate was reached at approximately 1.6 x 10(8) molecules/min. mRNA transport showed properties of an energy-dependent mechanism, since it was inhibited at 4 degrees C or by ATP depletion. Co-injection of the cap dinucleotide m7GpppG blocked the export effectively, suggesting a role for the cap in this process. The export was also inhibited by the pre-injection of wheat germ agglutinin. The effect of the lectin was specific and abolished by co-injection of N-acetylglucosamine. Finally, we found significant competitive inhibition in mRNA export by the presence of tRNA. Our results suggest that mRNA transport is a facilitated process which may share common steps with tRNA transport. Preliminary gel retardation experiments show that injected mRNA associates with endogenous nuclear proteins and suggest an exchange of some of the bound components during the transport to the cytoplasm.
Optical waveguide isolator based on nonreciprocal radiation (1994)

A new waveguide isolator which has a simple structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The isolator operates on the basis of nonreciprocal guided-radiation mode conversion in a channel magneto-optic waveguide. The isolator was realized using a single-mode rib channel waveguide in Ce-substituted yttrium iron garnet which has a very large Faraday rotation. 13.3 dB isolation was obtained at a wavelength near 1.55 μm.
Retinal vessel model fabricated on a curved surface structure for a simulation of microcannulation (2016)

A remarkable number of vitreoretinal surgeries are performed each year despite their difficulty. As a result, a high demand exists for a mock-up simulator of retinal vessels to simulate these surgeries. Thus, we propose an artificial retinal vessel model for simulating microcannulation surgery. Using laser lithography, polydimethylsiloxane molding, and hydraulic transfer techniques, we fabricated microchannels approximately ≃10 μm on a 24-mm-diameter curved surface structure that mimics the human eye. In the fabrication, the channel size and wall thickness were controlled to mimic a touch of retinal vessels, which gives important information for microcannulation. We succeeded in fabrication of the proposed model and liquid circulates within the microchannels of this model without leaking. Furthermore, we demonstrated a simulation of microcannulation and measurement of applied force to the model during the simulation using a force sensor placed at the bottom of the model. The results of such experiments are useful to quantitatively evaluate medical techniques.
상담설교를 어떻게 준비할 것인가 (2005)

이 논문은 상담설교의 작성법에 대한 설명이다. 상담설교라는 것은 실제 강단에서 설교자에 의해 존재하고 있다. 다른 말로 하면, 상담설교는 설교자로 하여금 효과적인 설교를 세워가는 데 도움을 주며, 청중으로 하여금 삶에서의 문제들을 해결하는데 도움을 준다. 이런 이류로 이 논문에서의 제한적인 노력은 설교자에 의해 강단에서 상담설교를 준비하는 방법에 두고 있다. 상담과 설교는 서로 변증적 관계로 존재한다. 특별히 상담설교는 회중들의 삶을 의미 있게 만드는 설교행위라고 할 수 있다. 이 논문은 상담과 설교의 실제를 위해 의도되고 있으며 그 내용을 이해하는데 있다. 그러므로 이와 같은 실제적 방법은 설교의 상황에서 상담설교의 근본적 중요성을 지지한다고 볼 수 있다.
Macroscopic Volume Change of Dynamic Hydrogels Induced by Reversible DNA Hybridization (2012)

Molecular recognition is fundamental to the specific interactions between molecules, of which the best known examples are antibody-antigen binding and cDNA hybridization. Reversible manipulation of the molecular recognition events is still a very challenging topic, and such studies are often performed at the molecular level. An important consideration is the collection of changes at the molecular level to provide macroscopic observables. This research makes use of photoresponsive molecular recognition for the fabrication of novel photoregulated dynamic materials. Specifically, a dynamic hydrogel was prepared by grafting azobenzene-tethered ssDNA and its cDNA to the hydrogel network. The macroscopic volume of the hydrogel can be manipulated through the photoreversible DNA hybridization controlled by alternate irradiation of UV and visible light. The effects of synthetic parameters including the concentration of DNA, polymer monomer, and permanent cross-linker are also discussed.
Functional Detection of Proteins by Caged Aptamers (2011)

While many diagnostic assay platforms enable the measurement of analytes with high sensitivity, most of them result in a disruption of the analyte's native structure and, thus, in loss of function. Consequently, the analyte can be used neither for further analytical assessment nor functional analysis. Herein we report the use of caged aptamers as templates during apta-PCR analysis of targets. Aptamers are short nucleic acids that fold into a well-defined three-dimensional structure in which they interact with target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers can also serve as templates for qPCR approaches and, thus, have been used as high affinity ligands to bind to target molecules and subsequently for quantification by qPCR, an assay format coined apta-PCR. Caged aptamers in turn refer to variants that bear one or more photolabile groups at strategic positions. The activity of caged aptamers can thus be turned on or off by light irradiation. The latter allows the mild elution of target-bound aptamers while the target's native structure and function remain intact. We demonstrate that this approach allows the quantitative and subsequently the functional assessment of analytes. Since caged aptamers can be generated emanating from virtually every available aptamer, the described approach can be generalized and adopted to any target-aptamer pair and, thus, have a broad applicability in proteomics and clinical diagnostics.
분과 학문적 가치와 사회학: 공공 사회학(Public Sociology)의 가능성에 대한 비판적 고찰 (2011)

이 논문에서 필자는 사회학이 추구해 온 두 가지의 분과 학문적 가치가 무엇인가를 논의한 후, 이를 바탕으로 20세기 미국과 독일 사회학의 역사적 진화를 살펴봄으로써, 미국과 독일 사회학 모두 1970년대 초까지 공공영역에의 참여를 통한 사회개혁을 학문의 목표로 설정해 왔다는 것을 밝힐 것이다. 이러한 분석은 왜 미국과 독일의 사회학이 참여를 통한 사회개혁을 달성하지 못하고, 오히려 대중과 정책입안자들에게 외면당하고, 결과적으로 경제학과 같은 여타의 사회과학에 비해서 사회적 영향력과 인식론적 권위에서 뒤쳐지게 되었는가를 나타내 줄 것이다. 마지막으로 이런 분석이 향후 한국 사회학의 발전에 가지는 이론적 항의를 간략하게 논의할 것이다.
Dendrimer‐Type Peptoid‐Decorated Hexaphenylxylenes and Tetraphenylmethanes: Synthesis and Structure in Solution and in the Gas Phase (2014)

Branched organic nanostructures are useful scaffolds that find multiple applications in a variety of fields. Here, we present a novel approach to dendrimer-like structures. Our design contains a rigid hydrocarbon-based core (hexaphenylxylylene/tetraethynylphenylmethane) combined with a library of N-substituted oligoglycines (so-called peptoids) providing a flexible shell. The use of click chemistry allows rapid assembly of the nanostructures. The possibility of tuning the size and the solubility of this new type of nanostructure will be advantageous for future applications such as heterogeneous catalysis.
W-Band CMOS 4-Bit Phase Shifter for High Power and Phase Compression Points (2014)

A CMOS 4-bit phase shifter is designed for W-band applications using a 65-nm CMOS process. Switched-delay-type 90°, 45°, and 22.5° 1-bit phase shifters are designed to have high power-handling capability using a signal line bias voltage. The power and phase compression of 90°, 45°, and 22.5° phase shifters are analyzed, and the phase shifters are optimally cascaded for high power and phase compression points. The measured insertion loss of the 4-bit phase shifter is -25 ± 2.1 dB, and the root mean square (RMS) gain error of the 16 different phase states is 1.1 dB at 77 GHz. An input and output return loss is less than -8 dB at 70-85 GHz. The phase shifter has the RMS phase error of 7.20 at 77 GHz and is less than 11.25° at 75-85 GHz. The measured minimum 1-dB power compression point of 16 different phase states is 15.0 dBm. The high input power also compresses the phase adjustment range and increases the phase error, which is limited to 11.25° up to the input power of 21 dBm. The phase shifter consumes no dc current and occupies a small chip area of 0.122 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , excluding pads.
Context-Dependent Fine-Grained Entity Type Tagging (2014)

Entity type tagging is the task of assigning category labels to each mention of an entity in a document. While standard systems focus on a small set of types, recent work (Ling and Weld, 2012) suggests that using a large fine-grained label set can lead to dramatic improvements in downstream tasks. In the absence of labeled training data, existing fine-grained tagging systems obtain examples automatically, using resolved entities and their types extracted from a knowledge base. However, since the appropriate type often depends on context (e.g. Washington could be tagged either as city or government), this procedure can result in spurious labels, leading to poorer generalization. We propose the task of context-dependent fine type tagging, where the set of acceptable labels for a mention is restricted to only those deducible from the local context (e.g. sentence or document). We introduce new resources for this task: 12,017 mentions annotated with their context-dependent fine types, and we provide baseline experimental results on this data.
Mossy fiber synaptic reorganization in the epileptic human temporal lobe (1989)

The distribution of the mossy fiber synaptic terminals was examined using the Timm histochemical method in surgically excised hippocampus and dentate gyrus from patients who underwent lobectomy of the anterior part of the temporal lobe for refractory partial complex epilepsy. The dentate gyrus of epileptic patients demonstrated intense Timm granules and abundant mossy fiber synaptic terminals in the supragranular region and the inner molecular layer. In contrast, the dentate gyrus of presenescent nonepileptic primates demonstrated no Timm granules in the supragranular region. In nonepileptic senescent primates, occasional very sparse supragranular Timm granules were results are morphological evidence of mossy fiber synaptic reorganization in the temporal lobe of epileptic humans, and suggest the intriguing possibility that mossy fiber sprouting and synaptic reorganization induced by repeated partial complex seizures may play a role in human epilepsy.
Multiuser detection schemes applied to regional GEO satellite mobile systems (2002)

Multiuser detection schemes are applied to a regional GEO satellite mobile system based on FDM/TDMA. The study focuses on the system uplink (mobile to satellite) and analyzes the performance of candidate schemes taken from the class of linear multiuser receivers. A new simple MMSE combiner is proposed, which provides performance close to optimal in terms of output MSE and lends itself to a simple adaptive implementation. Results pertaining to FDM/TDMA coded transmission with slow frequency hopping and short-depth interleaving are presented.
Interocular suppression in normal and amblyopic vision: Spatio-temporal properties (2012)

We measured the properties of interocular suppression in strabismic amblyopes and compared these to dichoptic masking in binocularly normal observers. We used a dichoptic version of the well-established probed-sinewave paradigm that measured sensitivity to a brief target stimulus (one of four letters to be discriminated) in the amblyopic eye at different times relative to a suppression-inducing mask in the fixing eye. This was done using both sinusoidal steady state and transient approaches. The suppression-inducing masks were either modulations of luminance or contrast (full field, just overlaying the target, or just surrounding the target). Our results were interpreted using a descriptive model that included contrast gain control and spatio-temporal filtering prior to excitatory binocular combination. The suppression we measured, other than in magnitude, was not fundamentally different from normal dichoptic masking: lowpass spatio-temporal properties with similar contributions from both surround and overlay suppression.
Effect of glutaraldehyde biocide on laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors and biocide efficacy (2006)

The effect of glutaraldehyde, a commercial biocide widely used in paper and pulp industry, on the performance of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors (RBCs) as well as biocide efficacy was studied. Biofilms were established on the RBCs and then exposed to 0 - 180 ppm glutaraldehyde at a dilution rate of 1.60 h -1 . The results showed that the biofilms became acclimated to glutaraldehyde and eventually could degrade it. Acclimation to the biocide took longer at the higher biocide concentrations. The degree of biocide degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal depended on acclimation period, the presence of other organic matters and the amount of mineral salts available. Glutaraldehyde at up to 80 ppm had no effect on treatment efficiency and populations of biofilms and planktonic phase of the system whereas glutaraldehyde at 180 ppm caused a progressive decline in all measured values. However, no glutaraldehyde concentration used in the study was sufficiently high to kill microorganisms in the RBC system. The presence of biofilm provided additional resistance to glutaraldehyde to bacteria because the biocide had to penetrate through biofilm to reach bacteria. The increased resistance of bacteria to glutaraldehyde due to acclimation should be considered in biocide applications.
Harmonic control by photonic bandgap on microstrip patch antenna (1999)

In this work, the single microstrip patch antenna having two-dimensional photonic bandgap (PBG) in the ground has been demonstrated experimentally, and the effectiveness of the PBG structure is discussed for the suppression of the resonance at the harmonic frequencies of the antenna. Experimental results indicate that the radiation patterns at the harmonic frequencies can be drastically diminished comparing with the normal microstrip patch antenna without the PBG structure. For instance, the radiation to the forward of the PBG antenna is suppressed at more than 15 dB at the third harmonic frequency.
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in the Lewis Rat: Studies on the Mechanism of Recovery from Disease and Acquired Resistance to Reinduction (1979)

Abstract Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the Lewis rat is an acute, self-limiting disease. Rechallenge of convalescent rats shortly after recovery leads to the reinduction of a mild, brief clinical episode. With increasing time after primary sensitization, rats become resistant to reinduction of both clinical and histologic signs of EAE. Convalescent rats that are resistant to reinduction of disease retain specific antigen-reactive cells, as evidenced by the ability of their lymphocytes to response in vitro to basic protein (BP). Spleen cells from convalescent rats can be used to reconstitute the lymphomyeloid apparatus of lethally irradiated rats. These reconstituted rats develop EAE in a normal fashion. These experiments provide evidence against clonal deletion as the mechanism of recovery from and resistance to reinduction of EAE and suggest the operation of an active suppressor mechanism. Although resistant to active reinduction of disease, convalescent rats do not appear to represent a suppressive environment for passive induction of disease. Sensitized lymphocytes capable of inducting EAE in naive recipients are not inactivated when transferred into convalescent recipients. The passively induced disease in convalescent rats is equal in severity to disease in naive recipients but shows a difference in the distribution of lesions with involvement of the cerebellum in the former but not the latter.
시각 반응 시간(VRT) 측정 방식을 통한 아동 대상 성범죄자들의 성적 기호 평가에 대한 연구 (2009)

본 연구는 시각반응시간(VRT) 측정에서 나타나는 성범죄자들의 일탈적성적 기호, 특히 아동에 대한 성적 기호의 양상을 탐색하였다. 이를 위하여 인물 사진자극을 이용하여 아동 대상 성범죄자들과 성인 대상 성범죄자들의 시각 반응 시간을 비교 분석하였다. 사진 자극은 일상적인 의복을 착용한 사진들로 남성, 여성, 남아, 여아 사진 각각 12개씩 그리고 중성 사진 8개, 총56개의 사진이 사용되었다. 실험 결과에 의하면, 피험자들 모두에서 여성 자극에 대한 VRT가 다른 자극들에 비해 월등히 길었으며 다음으로 여아, 남아, 남성 자극에 대한 VRT가 뒤따랐다. 여성 자극과 여아 자극 간의 반응시간의 차이 그리고 남성 자극과 남아 자극 간의 반응시간의 차이인 편차 지표가 산출되었다. 편차 지표의 분석 결과, 아동 대상 성범죄자들이 성인 대상 성범죄자들에 비해 여성과 여아 자극 편차 점수가 더 적었다. 반면에 아동 대상 성범죄자들은 성인 대상 성범죄자들에 비해 남성과 남아 자극 편차점수는 더 컸다. 자극들에 대한 시각반응시간과 피험자들의 자극에 대하여 자기 보고한 성적매력도 평가 간의 상관관계는 높은 정적상관을 보였다. 즉자극에 대한 시각반응시간이 길수록 성적매력도도 높게 평가했다는 것을 알수 있다. 성적 일탈에 대한 Cardsort 질문지 검사와 여아자극에 대한 시각반응 시간과 남아자극에 대한 시각 반응 시간과 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 여아 자극에 대한 반응시간은 여아기호증과 높은 정적 상관을 보였으며, 남아 자극에 대한 반응시간은 남아기호증과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 마지막으로 본 연구가 갖는 한계점과 후속 연구에 대한 제안이 제시되었다.
문화영향평가의 제도적 정착을 위한 정책적 과제 (2019)

이 연구는 문화기본법의 도입에 따른 문화영향평가 제도를 살펴보고 있다. 국가의 기본 정책방향에 문화융성의 기조가 들어온 후 다양한 분야에서 문화정책이 만들어지고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 국민 문화권을 보장하는 문화기본법과 관련 정책에 관한 문화영향평가를 시행하고 있다. 그러나 문화영향평가는 도입에 있어 필요한 평가방식이나 대상, 평가지표 등이 명확하게 정립되어있지 않은 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 문화영향평가 제도의 개선방향에 대해 연구하기 위해 기존 영향평가제도들을 살펴보았으며, 기존의 문화영향평가와 문화기본법에 대한 문헌을 중심으로 문화 영향의 측정 방법, 체계, 지표 개발 등을 내용분석의 방법으로 조사하였다. 본 연구는 문화영향평가의 도입에 있어 필요한 구체적인 기준과 요소들에 대해 논의하고 하며, 문화영향평가에서 필요한 법제도적 정비와 정책에서 필요한 요소들을 통해 문화영향평가의 제도적 정착을 위한 정책적 과제로서 방법, 대상, 지표 및 절차에 대한 방안을 제시하였다.
Synthesis of Novel C2—C3′N‐Linked Macrocyclic Taxoids by Means of Highly Regioselective Heck Macrocyclization. (2004)

Novel C2−C3‘N-linked macrocyclic taxoids are synthesized using intramolecular Heck reaction in the key step. Macrocyclization proceeds with\nhigh regioselectivity in good yield. Taxoids bearing an olefin moiety at C2 and an iodide at C3‘N give <i>exo</i>-products exclusively. However, the\n<i>endo</i>-products are formed with up to 100% regioselectivity just by switching the positions of the olefin and the iodide moieties. Some of these\nmacrocyclic taxoids are significantly cytotoxic.
In vivo neurotrophic effects of GDNF on axotomized retinal ganglion cells (1997)

The identification of neurotrophic factors ameliorating secondary neuronal death in the mammalian CNS has raised hopes for improved treatment strategies in neurodegenerative diseases, CNS trauma and ischemia. Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has potent neuroprotective properties in both the CNS and PNS. We sought to investigate whether GDNF exerts survival promoting effects on axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the adult rat in vivo. Transection of the optic nerve induces delayed retrograde death of approximately 85% of RGCs within 14 days. Intraocular GDNF rescued 21% of the RGCs which would otherwise have died after axotomy (34% of the normal control population), thereby extending the group of neuronal populations responsive to GDNF.
Batch studies on nitrate removal from potable water (2002)

A sulphur / limestone autotrophic denitrification process was used to achieve the biological removal of nitrate from groundwater. The feasibility of the system was evaluated under anaerobic conditions using laboratory-scale batch reactors. The optimum sulphur / limestone ratio was determined to be 1:1 (wt/wt). Different initial nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (94, 57, and 10 mg NO3--N/l) were used during the batch tests to examine nitrate removal efficiencies. The results showed that the higher the initial concentration, the longer it takes before nitrate removal commences. Both total suspended solid (TSS) and mean size of particles increased with time, which may be related to bacterial growth in the system. WaterSA Vol.28(3) 2002: 319-322
Designing logic functions using an electron waveguide Y-branch switch (1996)

We propose and analyze theoretically logical circuitry based on electron waveguides. The circuit elements are branching electron waveguides (Y-branch switches) where an applied field gives a nonlinear digital response function, giving standardized signal levels. The proposed circuitry is shown to exhibit features analogous to those of complementary metal-oxide semiconductors. Circuits implementing NAND and NOR functions are shown, as well as a realization of a logical implication that only requires one Y-branch switch.
National security and Emergency Preparedness communications: Next generation priority services (2013)

To ensure that National Security and Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP)-associated personnel can communicate during times of crisis, priority telecommunications services have been implemented over the past two decades within the public telephone networks of the United States. Emerging capabilities enabled by recent advances in communications protocols, network infrastructure, user device functionality and communication services are dramatically altering the working environment of society as a whole, including those with NS/EP responsibilities. Features such as video and data communications, enterprise mobility, and cloud services are becoming critical elements in the NS/EP toolkit, and thus candidates for future prioritization. The U.S. Government has embarked on efforts to define priority video communications and priority data transport services in the emerging Next-Generation Networks and to examine the risks and benefits with prioritization of other services. We first describe the existing priority services, both in the wireless and the wired landline public networks. This background provides the basis for the subsequent discussion of on-going efforts to define and implement prioritization capabilities for emerging services to benefit NS/EP personnel as well as the technical and economic challenges associated with these activities.
Erectile dysfunction in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics in Italy (2000)

] urther, most studies comparing frequency of ED in Type 1 and Type 2 subjects include small population samples, often of different age, and only two studies McCulloch et al., 10 in a study conducted in the UK, reported 35% ED for both Type 1 and Type 2. Brunner et al. 15 reported 49% of ED in 59 Type 1 patients. Klein et al., 16 in a study including 359 Type 1 men aged less than 30 years at diagnosis and with diabetes lasting 10 years, reported data stratified for age with 1% of ED at 21-30 years and 47% in patients 43 years. Nathan et al. 17 in a study of 125 Type 2 diabetic patients aged 55-74 years, reported a prevalence of 71% of ED.
Efficient synthesis of 5,6-diacetoxyindole: a stable eumelanin precursor (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient synthesis of 5,6-diacetoxyindole: a stable eumelanin precursorBryan P. MurphyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 26, 5873–5875Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00350a089https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00350a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views982Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts