gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in COVID‐19 by Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms and Perspectives (2021)

COVID-19 is a widespread global pandemic with nearly 185 million confirmed cases and about four million deaths. It is caused by an infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily affects the alveolar type II pneumocytes. The infection induces pathological responses including increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This situation results in impaired gas exchange, hypoxia, and other sequelae that lead to multisystem organ failure and death. As summarized in this article, many interventions and therapeutics have been proposed and investigated to combat the viral infection-induced inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19. However, these methods have not significantly improved treatment outcomes. This may partly be attributable to their inability at restoring redox and inflammatory homeostasis, for which molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), an emerging novel medical gas, may complement. Herein, we systematically review the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms of H<sub>2</sub>. Its small molecular size and nonpolarity allow H<sub>2</sub> to rapidly diffuse through cell membranes and penetrate cellular organelles. H<sub>2</sub> has been demonstrated to suppress NF-<i>κ</i>B inflammatory signaling and induce the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway, as well as to improve mitochondrial function and enhance cellular bioenergetics. Many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of H<sub>2</sub> in varying diseases, including COVID-19. However, the exact mechanisms, primary modes of action, and its true clinical effects remain to be delineated and verified. Accordingly, additional mechanistic and clinical research into this novel medical gas to combat COVID-19 complications is warranted.
Practical Prevention of Vaginal and Rectal Transmission of HIV by Adapting the Oral Defense: Use of Commercial Lubricants (2001)

HIV is transmitted to 6.4 million human beings per year and the majority of these transmissions are sexual. Condoms are highly effective and are recommended as the primary preventive. However, the fact that there are millions of sexual transmissions each year indicates that many people do not use condoms and that additional preventives are needed. The mechanisms of natural prevention of oral transmission by saliva may be adaptable to the susceptible vagina and rectum. The objective of our study was to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV by mimicking saliva's targeting of the transmitting infected leukocytes and any cell-free HIV in seminal fluid. The previously recommended anti-HIV topical microbicide, nonoxynol-9, has not prevented HIV transmission in humans, probably because it causes mucosal irritation and attracts CD4(+) cells. To identify effective preparations that are nonirritating, we studied the anti-HIV activity of commercially available, over-the-counter (OTC) lubricants and vaginal preparations that are judged safest by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and are nonirritating. The effect of OTC preparations on both the production of HIV by infected leukocytes and cell-free HIV suspended in seminal fluid was measured under simulated in vivo conditions. We surveyed 22 OTC vaginal preparations and excluded those with low inhibitory activity and those that were inhibitory but likely to be irritating. Three included preparations are highly active against both HIV-infected leukocytes suspended in seminal fluid and active against cell-free HIV, under in vitro conditions that simulate in vivo conditions. Since the preparations identified here as anti-HIV substances have the advantages of being widely available, inexpensive, acceptable, in the safest U.S. FDA category, and may be used by recipient women or men, they should be tested in clinical trials to help prevent sexual transmission of HIV.
Vegetative <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> cells do not confer protection against necrotic enteritis in broilers despite high antibacterial activity of its supernatant against <i>Clostridium perfringens in vitro</i> (2016)

In this study, the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Clostridium perfringens was tested in vitro and in vivo. Using an agar well diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of B. amyloliquefaciens supernatant was analysed against a large collection of netB-positive and netB-negative C. perfringens strains. Although strong growth inhibiting activity was detected against all C. perfringens isolates, it was significantly higher against virulent netB-positive C. perfringens strains compared with avirulent netB-negative isolates. Subsequently, the efficacy of in-feed administration of lyophilised vegetative cells of B. amyloliquefaciens to prevent necrotic enteritis was tested in vivo using an established experimental infection model in broilers. Ross 308 broilers received either B. amyloliquefaciens supplemented or unsupplemented feed throughout the experiment. No significant differences could be detected between the untreated positive control group and the B. amyloliquefaciens treated group in body weight, the number of chickens that developed necrotic lesions and in pathological lesion scores. These results demonstrate that despite its substantial inhibitory activity in vitro, lyophilised vegetative B. amyloliquefaciens cells had no beneficial effect against necrotic enteritis in the in vivo model used here.
20'-Deethylanhydrovinblastine (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT20'-DeethylanhydrovinblastineF. Gueritte, N. Langlois, Y. Langlois, Richard J. Sundberg, and Jonathan D. BloomCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 26, 5393–5395Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00339a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00339a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nectin-2 (CD112) Is Expressed on Outgrowth Endothelial Cells and Regulates Cell Proliferation and Angiogenic Function (2016)

Outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) are a subpopulation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that have the capacity for proliferation and the ability to promote angiogenesis. In this study, we identified Nectin-2 as a surface protein of OECs through unbiased quantitative proteomics analysis. Using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, we confirmed that Nectin-2 is highly expressed on OECs. Nectin-2 (CD112) expression was limited or lower on mononuclear cells (MNCs) and mature tube-forming endothelial cells (ECs). Blocking Nectin-2 with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody significantly increased the trans-well migration and tube forming capacity of OECs. Similarly, Nectin-2 knockdown resulted in enhanced tube formation, cell migration and proliferation with p-Erk activation. Moreover, Nectin-2 deficiency resulted in compensatory increase of other Nectin family genes including Nectin-3 and Necl-4 which promote VEGFR signaling. These results indicate that Nectin-2 is a surface marker and an important regulator of OECs, with significant implications for the isolation of OECs and blocking Nectin-2 on OECs by an antibody for angiogenic applications.
Chelate Complexes of Cyclopentadienyl Ligands Bearing Pendant <i>O</i>-Donors (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelate Complexes of Cyclopentadienyl Ligands Bearing Pendant O-Donors†Ulrich SiemelingView Author Information Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 4, 1495–1526Publication Date (Web):March 24, 2000Publication History Received14 June 1999Published online24 March 2000Published inissue 1 April 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990287mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990287mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2070Altmetric-Citations256LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Coordination compounds,Ethers,Ligands,Metals,Particulate matter Get e-Alerts
Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures (2014)

Fire response of concrete structural members is dependent on the thermal, mechanical, and deformation properties of concrete. These properties vary significantly with temperature and also depend on the composition and characteristics of concrete batch mix as well as heating rate and other environmental conditions. In this chapter, the key characteristics of concrete are outlined. The various properties that influence fire resistance performance, together with the role of these properties on fire resistance, are discussed. The variation of thermal, mechanical, deformation, and spalling properties with temperature for different types of concrete are presented.
Origin of incoherent magnetic switching behavior in CoCrPt–SiO2 perpendicular magnetic recording media (2007)

Magnetic switching behavior for CoCrPt–SiO2 single layer media with oxygen contents (OCs) from 4% to 10% and recording layer thickness (tmag) from 2to27nm is investigated. Significant incoherent switching, caused by domain wall motion, and large activation volume are observed at tmag⩽6nm regardless of OC, consistent with nonuniform microstructure with less grain isolation at tmag=4nm. These results support formation of a highly exchange-coupled thin magnetic layer on top of Ru interlayer, which can explain the large difference between angular dependence of Hcr predicted by the Stoner-Wohlfarth theory and the experimental values.
23-mW 50-MS/s 10-bit pipeline A/D converter with nonlinear LMS foreground calibration (2009)

A novel nonlinear foreground calibration of pipeline A/D converters based on LMS algorithm has been proposed and verified by macro-based simulation as well as measurement of test chip. The prototype 23-mW 50-MS/s 10-bit pipeline ADC in 0.13-mum CMOS has confirmed that the proposed calibration can accurately and rapidly correct the inaccuracy caused both by heavy nonlinearity of low-gain op-amps and by their incomplete settling without requiring any dedicated voltage references, complicated structures or timing sequence and hence can be used for various applications.
Paternal effects acting during the first cell cycle of human preimplantation development after ICSI (2002)

These data point to a very early onset of paternal effects that condition human embryo development. These effects may be both of genetic (related to the minor gene activity of the male pronucleus) or epigenetic (related to the sperm-derived oocyte-activating factor or sperm centrosome) origin.
Commentary on Leanne O'Shea's Article “Sexuality: Old Struggles and New Challenges” (2000)

Research Article| January 01 2000 Commentary on Leanne O'Shea's Article “Sexuality: Old Struggles and New Challenges” Peter Thompson Peter Thompson 1162 15th Ave. E Seattle, WA 98112 Peter Thompson, Ph.D., is a member of the American Psychological Association and on the faculty of the Gestalt Institute of Seattle. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Gestalt Review (2000) 4 (1): 32–34. https://doi.org/10.5325/gestaltreview.4.1.0032 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Peter Thompson; Commentary on Leanne O'Shea's Article “Sexuality: Old Struggles and New Challenges”. Gestalt Review 1 January 2000; 4 (1): 32–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.5325/gestaltreview.4.1.0032 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressGestalt Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2000 The Pennsylvania State University2000The Pennsylvania State University Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Continuously phase-matched M-waveguides for second-order nonlinear upconversion (2000)

We present an analysis of an M-waveguide structure in lithium niobate that provides a new method for second-order nonlinear upconversion processes. M-waveguides can be designed to be continuously phase matched without the use of birefringence or quasi phase matching, and the output wave profile produced is single-lobed in the core region. M-waveguides provide a novel phase-matching technique and are ideal candidates for monolithically integrated circuits.
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> genome project: cloning and sequencing of the 97 kb region from 325° to 333deg; (1993)

In the framework of the European project aimed at the sequencing of the Bacillus subtilis genome the DNA region located between gerB (314°) and sacXV (333°) was assigned to the Institut Pasteur. In this paper we describe the cloning and sequencing of a segment of 97 kb of contiguous DNA. Ninety-two open reading frames were predicted to encode putative proteins among which only forty-two were found to display significant similarities to known proteins present in databanks, e.g. amino acid permeases, proteins involved in cell wall or antibiotic biosynthesis, various regulatory proteins, proteins of several dehydrogenase families and enzymes II of the phosphotransferase system involved in sugar transport. Additional experiments led to the identification of the products of new B. subtilis genes, e.g. galactokinase and an operon involved in thiamine biosynthesis.
Usual ductal hyperplasia of the breast is a committed stem (progenitor) cell lesion distinct from atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i> (2002)

Current classification systems in proliferative mammary gland pathology are based on a two-cell system, recognizing only glandular and myoepithelial lines of differentiation. A third cell type has recently been characterized in normal breast tissue by double-immunofluorescence analysis to express cytokeratin 5 (Ck5) only. These cells were shown to represent progenitor or adult stem cells that give rise to the glandular and myoepithelial cell lineage. The double-labelling technique has been applied to characterize a spectrum of intraductal epithelial proliferations, namely benign usual ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ, all of which are thought to represent the gradual steps of a sequence in the development of breast cancer. Immunofluorescence studies with specific antibodies against Ck5, Ck8/18/19, and smooth muscle actin were complemented by western blotting analysis of Ck5 and Ck8/18/19 expression in normal breast tissue and in proliferative lesions. Usual ductal hyperplasia appears to be a Ck5-positive committed stem (progenitor) cell lesion with the same differentiation potential as seen in the normal breast. This is in sharp contrast to atypical ductal hyperplasia/ductal carcinoma in situ, which display the differentiated glandular immunophenotype (Ck8/18/19-positive, but Ck5-negative). These data require the abandonment of the idea of an obligate biological continuum of intraductal proliferations from benign to malignant. This study provides evidence that cells undergoing malignant transformation tend to be fairly advanced in the glandular lineage of differentiation. The committed stem (progenitor) cell model may contribute to a better understanding of both benign proliferative breast disease and breast cancer development.
Demonstration of Microwave Resonant Cavity Transducer Performance in Fluid Flow Sensing: Development of Sensor Performance Model of Microwave Cavity Flow Meter for Advanced Reactor High Temperature Fluids (2022)

We are investigating a microwave cavity-based transducer for in-core high-temperature fluid flow sensing in molten salt cooled reactors (MSCR) and sodium fast reactors (SFR). This sensor is a hollow metallic cylindrical cavity. The principle of sensing consists of making one wall of the cylindrical cavity flexible enough so that dynamic pressure, which is proportional to fluid velocity, will cause membrane deflection. Membrane deflection causes cavity volume change, which leads to a shift in the resonant frequency. To validate sensor physics, we have performed proof-of-principle test of flow sensing in water. For this test, we have developed a cylindrical resonator for K-band, which was machined from brass. The cavity was excited through WR-42 waveguide through a subwavelength hole on the side of the wall of the cylinder. To increase the spectral signal visibility, we developed a signal processing method for baseline subtraction. A flow loop for proof-of-principle test of transducer performance in water was assembled. A commercial flow meter was installed in the loop for reference measurements. Cylindrical cavity was excited in the TEM011 mode with resonant frequency f ≈ 17.8GHz. Frequency shift of cavity spectral response was obtained by gradually increasing water flow rate from 0 to 60gpm. Corresponding monotonic increase of resonant frequency shift by several MHz was observed.
Analytical model to control off - bottom blowouts utilizing the concept of simultaneous dynamic seal and bullheading (2002)

The current methods for off - bottom control of blowouts involve pumping kill fluid into the well through an injection string. These are the dynamic kill and the momentum kill. The dynamic kill, which is based on the steady state system analysis approach, and the momentum kill, that is loosely based on the Newton's Second Law of Motion, have been used extensively in off-bottom control of actual blowouts. A comprehensive study of these two concepts was performed. The review included an analytical analysis of the published design techniques for both of these methods. The application of these techniques to several different field and hypothetical cases were compared. The study drew conclusions about the conceptual validity, applications, advantages, substantial shortcomings, and design problems for each method. In this work, an alternative method for controlling an off - bottom blowout was also developed. The method is based on the dynamic kill and bullheading concepts and is called "dynamic seal - bullheading". Conceptually, the method involves two important stages in the control process. First, a dynamic seal is established at the injection string depth. Second, this forces a portion of the kill fluid to flow downward displacing, equivalent to bullheading, the remaining formation fluid in the wellbore back into an open formation. The models for each stage of this method were implemented in a computer program to give a design method for estimating the kill parameters such as kill flow rate, kill fluid density, kill fluid volume, pumping time and effect of control depth. The program also calculates the formation fluid influx, surface pressure, bottomhole pressure, and pressure at critical points in the well as a function of time during the control. The proposed method and the conventional dynamic control method were compared for two different off - bottom blowout scenarios using the new computer program. The first scenario is an actual field case and the second is a hypothetical blowout with input data from a real well configuration and reservoir. In both cases, dynamic seal - bullheading would provide a more reliable and conclusive kill in a minimum period of time
An Introduction to Event Structures (1989)

Event structures are models of processes as events constrained by relations of consistency and enabling. These notes are intended to introduce the mathematical theory of event structures, show how they are related to Petri nets and Scott domains, and how they can be used to provide semantics to programming languages for parallel processes as well as languages with higher types.
Kinetics of laser plasma formation in metal vapour (1993)

The break-down of metal vapour (Al, Cu) is simulated near the break-down threshold values of laser radiation. The approximation of collision - radiation model are used, including the detail kinetics of excited states with radiation and collision transitions, step-by-step ionization process, unexcitation and recombination. Energy balance is based on two-temperature approximation: for electrons and for heavy particles. It is shown that the particles concentration in excited states and plasma species composition differ rather than Saha - Boltzmann’s distribution. Strong dependence of the break-down threshold intensity on initial temperature of neutral and charged particles is shown.