gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2011)

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown but may relate to an unidentified bacterial pathogen or an immunological reaction to gut microbiota. Antibiotics have therefore been proposed as a therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) to induce remission in active disease to prevent relapse. Current data are conflicting and we therefore conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating antibiotics in IBD. Only parallel group RCTs were considered eligible. Studies with adult patients receiving any dose of therapy for at least 7 days and up to 16 weeks for active disease, or at least 6 months of follow-up for preventing relapse in quiescent disease were analyzed. We included any antibiotics alone or in combination using predefined definitions of remission and relapse. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. The primary outcome was remission or relapse using an intention-to-treat methodology. The data were summarized using relative risk (RR) and pooled using a random effects model. For active CD, there were 10 RCTs involving 1,160 patients. There was a statistically significant effect of antibiotics being superior to placebo (RR of active CD not in remission=0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.73-0.99, P=0.03). There was moderate heterogeneity between results (I(2)=48%) and a diverse number of antibiotics were tested (anti-tuberculosis therapy, macrolides, fluroquinolones, 5-nitroimidazoles, and rifaximin) either alone or in combination. Rifamycin derivatives either alone or in combination with other antibiotics appeared to have a significant effect at inducing remission in active CD. In perianal CD fistula there were three trials evaluating 123 patients using either ciprofloxacin or metronidazole. There was a statistically significant effect in reducing fistula drainage (RR=0.8; 95% CI=0.66-0.98) with no heterogeneity (I(2)=0%) and an number needed to treat 5 (95% CI=3-20). For quiescent CD, there were 3 RCTs involving 186 patients treated with different antibiotics combinations (all including antimycobacterials) vs. placebo. There was a statistically significant effect in favor of antibiotics vs. placebo (RR of relapse=0.62; 95% CI=0.46-0.84), with no heterogeneity (I(2)=0%). In active UC, there were 9 RCTs with 662 patients and there was a statistically significant benefit for antibiotics inducing remission (RR of UC not in remission=0.64; 95% CI=0.43-0.96). There was moderate heterogeneity (I(2)=69%) and antibiotics used were all different single or combination drugs. Antibiotic therapy may induce remission in active CD and UC, although the diverse number of antibiotics tested means the data are difficult to interpret. This systematic review is a mandate for further trials of antibiotic therapy in IBD.
A Secure Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (2007)

To provide secure communication for mobile devices, authenticated key agreement protocol is an important primitive for establishing session key. So far, several protocols have been proposed to provide robust mutual authentication and key establishment for wireless local area network (WLAN). In this paper we present a secure authenticated key agreement (EC-SAKA) protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography. Our proposed protocol provides secure mutual authentication, key establishment and key confirmation over an untrusted network. The new protocol achieves many of the required security and performance properties. It can resist dictionary attacks mounted by either passive or active networks intruders. It can resist man-in-the middle attack. It also offers perfect forward secrecy which protects past sessions and passwords against future compromise. In addition, it can resist known-key and resilience to server attack. Our proposed protocol uses the signature techniques of ECDSA and the authentication protocol SKA concept. We show that our protocol meets the above security attributes under the assumption that the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem is secure. Our proposed protocol offers significantly improved performance in computational and communication load over comparably many authenticated key agreement protocols such as B-SPEKE, SRP, AMP, PAK-RY, PAK-X, SKA, LR-AKE and EC-SRP.
A new adaptive trilateral filter for in-loop filtering (2014)

HEVC has achieved significant coding efficiency improvement beyond existing video coding standard by employing many new coding tools. Deblocking Filter, Sample Adaptive Offset and Adaptive Loop Filter for in-loop filtering are currently introduced for the HEVC standardization. However these filters are implemented in spatial domain despite the fact of temporal correlation within video sequences. To reduce the artifacts and better align object boundaries in video , a new algorithm in in-loop filtering is proposed. The proposed algorithm is implemented in HM-11.0 software. This proposed algorithm allows an average bitrate reduction of about 0.7% and improves the PSNR of the decoded frame by 0.05%, 0.30% and 0.35% in luminance and chroma.
Cutting Edge: IL-1α Is a Crucial Danger Signal Triggering Acute Myocardial Inflammation during Myocardial Infarction (2014)

Myocardial infarction (MI) induces a sterile inflammatory response that contributes to adverse cardiac remodeling. The initiating mechanisms of this response remain incompletely defined. We found that necrotic cardiomyocytes released a heat-labile proinflammatory signal activating MAPKs and NF-κB in cardiac fibroblasts, with secondary production of cytokines. This response was abolished in Myd88(-/-) fibroblasts but was unaffected in nlrp3-deficient fibroblasts. Despite MyD88 dependency, the response was TLR independent, as explored in TLR reporter cells, pointing to a contribution of the IL-1 pathway. Indeed, necrotic cardiomyocytes released IL-1α, but not IL-1β, and the immune activation of cardiac fibroblasts was abrogated by an IL-1R antagonist and an IL-1α-blocking Ab. Moreover, immune responses triggered by necrotic Il1a(-/-) cardiomyocytes were markedly reduced. In vivo, mice exposed to MI released IL-1α in the plasma, and postischemic inflammation was attenuated in Il1a(-/-) mice. Thus, our findings identify IL-1α as a crucial early danger signal triggering post-MI inflammation.
An overview on various approaches to Gastroretentive dosage forms (2012)

Over the past four decades, gastro retentive dosage forms have recently become a leading methodology in the field of site-specific orally administered controlled release drug delivery system.. Gastroretentive dosage forms have the potential to improve local therapy with an increase of short gastric residence time and unpredictable gastric emptying time and decrease the variation in bioavailability which is unobserved, in other commercially available preparations. With the advent to current scientific and patented literature, this review have covered in detail the recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, classification, approaches to design single and multiple unit floating systems, formulation aspects and invitro and invivo studies to evaluate the performance.
ETO/MTG8 Is an Inhibitor of C/EBPβ Activity and a Regulator of Early Adipogenesis (2004)

The putative transcriptional corepressor ETO/MTG8 has been extensively studied due to its involvement in a chromosomal translocation causing the t(8;21) form of acute myeloid leukemia. Despite this, the role of ETO in normal physiology has remained obscure. Here we show that ETO is highly expressed in preadipocytes and acts as an inhibitor of C/EBPbeta during early adipogenesis, contributing to its characteristically delayed activation. ETO prevents both the transcriptional activation of the C/EBPalpha promoter by C/EBPbeta and its concurrent accumulation in centromeric sites during early adipogenesis. ETO expression rapidly reduces after the initiation of adipogenesis, and this is essential to the normal induction of adipogenic gene expression. These findings define, for the first time, a molecular role for ETO in normal physiology as an inhibitor of C/EBPbeta and a novel regulator of early adipogenesis.
Synthesis of the C1-C9 fragment of the potent antitumor agent dictyostatin (2012)

We describe herein a short and efficient synthesis of the C1-C9 fragment of the potent antitumor agent dictyostatin. Notable features of this approach include a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation followed by epoxide opening under Myashita's conditions to introduce the stereogenic centers at C6 and C7, and a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons type reaction under Ando's conditions to construct the Z-double bond of the 1,3-(Z,E)-diene system.
A new, more efficient waterwheel design for very-low-head hydropower schemes (2018)

Very-low-head hydropower constitutes a large untapped renewable energy source, estimated at 1 GW in the UK alone. A new type of low-impact waterwheel has been developed and tested at Abertay University in Scotland to improve the economic viability of such schemes. For example, on a 2·5 m high weir in the UK with 5 m 3 /s mean flow, one waterwheel could produce an annual investment return of 7·5% for over 100 years. This paper describes the evolution of the design and reports on scale-model tests. These show that the new design harnesses significant potential and kinetic energy to generate power and handles over four times as much water per metre width compared to traditional designs.
Novel endomorphin‐2 analogs with <i>μ</i>‐opioid receptor antagonist activity (2005)

A series of position 4-substituted endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) analogs containing 3-(1-naphthyl)-alanine (1-Nal) or 3-(2-naphthyl)-alanine (2-Nal) in L- or D-configuration, was synthesized. The opioid activity profiles of these peptides were determined in the mu-opioid receptor representative binding assay and in the Guinea-Pig Ileum assay/Mouse Vas Deferens assay (GPI/MVD) bioassays in vitro, as well as in the mouse hot-plate test of analgesia in vivo. In the binding assay the affinity of all new analogs for the mu-opioid receptor was reduced compared with endomorphin-2. The two most potent analogs were [D-1-Nal(4)]- and [D-2-Nal4]endomorphin-2, with IC50 values 14 +/- 1.25 and 19 +/- 2.1 nM, respectively, compared with 1.9 +/- 0.21 nM for endomorphin-2. In the GPI assay these analogs were found to be weak antagonists and they were inactive in the MVD assay. The in vitro GPI assay results were in agreement with those obtained in the in vivo hot-plate test. Antinociception induced by endomorphin-2 was reversed by concomitant intracerebroventricula (i.c.v.) administration of [D-1-Nal4]- and [D-2-Nal4]-endomorphin-2, indicating that these analogs were mu-opioid antagonists. Their antagonist activity was compared with that of naloxone. At a dose 5 microg per animal naloxone almost completely inhibited antinociceptive action of endomorphin-2, while [D-1-Nal4]endomorphin-2 in about 46%.
QuadriFlow: A Scalable and Robust Method for Quadrangulation (2018)

Abstract QuadriFlow is a scalable algorithm for generating quadrilateral surface meshes based on the Instant Field‐Aligned Meshes of Jakob et al. (ACM Trans. Graph . 34(6):189, 2015). We modify the original algorithm such that it efficiently produces meshes with many fewer singularities. Singularities in quadrilateral meshes cause problems for many applications, including parametrization and rendering with Catmull‐Clark subdivision surfaces. Singularities can rarely be entirely eliminated, but it is possible to keep their number small. Local optimization algorithms usually produce meshes with many singularities, whereas the best algorithms tend to require non‐local optimization, and therefore are slow. We propose an efficient method to minimize singularities by combining the Instant Meshes objective with a system of linear and quadratic constraints. These constraints are enforced by solving a global minimum‐cost network flow problem and local boolean satisfiability problems. We have verified the robustness and efficiency of our method on a subset of ShapeNet comprising 17,791 3D objects in the wild. Our evaluation shows that the quality of the quadrangulations generated by our method is as good as, if not better than, those from other methods, achieving about four times fewer singularities than Instant Meshes. Other algorithms that produce similarly few singularities are much slower; we take less than ten seconds to process each model. Our source code is publicly available.
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Deficiency Delays Lupus Nephritis in MRL-<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i>Mice: The IL-6 Pathway as a New Therapeutic Target in Treatment of Autoimmune Kidney Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2009)

IL-6 is a strong promoter of lupus nephritis and may be a promising new therapeutic target in the treatment of human lupus nephritis.
Crystallization times of Ge–Te phase change materials as a function of composition (2009)

The crystallization times of Ge–Te phase change materials with variable Ge concentrations (29.5–72.4 at. %) were studied. A very strong dependence of the crystallization time on the composition for as-deposited, amorphous films was confirmed, with a minimum for the stoichiometric composition GeTe. The dependence is weaker for melt-quenched, amorphous material and crystallization times are between one to almost four orders of magnitude shorter than for as-deposited materials. This is promising for applications because recrystallization from the melt-quenched phase is the relevant process for optical and solid state memory, and fast crystallization and weak dependence on compositional variations are desirable.
Estimation of Psychophysical Levels Using the Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Measured with the Neural Response Telemetry Capabilities of Cochlear Corporation???s CI24M Device (2001)

Information from EAP growth function measurements may be used to estimate psychophysical information used in cochlear implant fitting but not to predict performance with the device.
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Induced Vessel Growth Restores Cerebral Blood Supply After Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion (2007)

Long-term GM-CSF treatment in a BCO model in rats leads to restoration of impaired cerebral hemodynamics and accompanies structural changes in the resistance-vessel network.
Exosomal miR-126 as a circulating biomarker in non-small-cell lung cancer regulating cancer progression (2017)

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. It is diagnosed mostly at the locally advanced or metastatic stage. Recently, micro RNAs (miRs) and their distribution in circulation have been implicated in physiological and pathological processes. In this study, miR-126 was evaluated in serum, exosome and exosome-free serum fractions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at early and advanced stages, and compared with healthy controls. Down-regulation of miR-126 was found in serum of advanced stage NSCLC patients. In healthy controls, circulating miR-126 was equally distributed between exosomes and exosome-free serum fractions. Conversely, in both early and advanced stage NSCLC patients, miR-126 was mainly present in exosomes. Different fractions of miR-126 in circulation may reflect different conditions during tumour formation. Incubation of exosomes from early and advanced NSCLC patients induced blood vessel formation and malignant transformation in human bronchial epithelial cells. On the other hand, exosome-enriched miR-126 from normal endothelial cells inhibited cell growth and induces loss of malignancy of NSCLC cells. These findings suggest a role of exo-miRs in the modulation of the NSCLC microenvironmental niche. Exosome-delivered miRs thus hold a substantial promise as a diagnostics biomarker as well as a personalized therapeutic modality.
Data-Driven Stream Processing at the Edge (2017)

The popularity and proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is resulting in a growing number of devices connected to the Internet. These devices are generating and consuming unprecedented amounts of data at the edges of the infrastructure, and are enabling new classes of data-drivenapplications, however, current approaches typically rely on cloud platforms located at the core of the infrastructure to process data. As the number of devices and the amount of data they generate and consume increases, such core-centric approaches are becoming increasingly inefficient as they need to transfer data back and forth between the edge and the core. Furthermore, the latencies associated with such data transfer may not be able to support applications involving time-critical data-driven decision making. In this paper, we propose an edge-based programming framework that allows users to define how data streams are processed based on the content and the location of the data. This enables the definition of data-driven reactive behaviors that can effectively exploit data patterns to dynamically drive stream processing, leveraging resources located at the edges of the infrastructure. We have implemented a prototype of the proposed approach and performed several experiments to evaluate its scalability and efficiency against a more typical single-cloud approach. Using a smart-city application usecase, we illustrate that the presented programming system can support data-driven stream processing using edge resources. In terms of scalability, our experiments show that the system can scale to hundreds of nodes while keeping overheads low. Our experiments also show that our approach can perform up to 56% better than a single cloud approach that does not consider data and user locality.
Particle size selection device for use with the Turbohaler. (1996)

These results indicate that it is possible to devise an effective particle size selection device for the Turbohaler. It may be possible to produce such devices for other dry powder inhalers, although the design would need to be tailored to each particular device.
Growth – wage-led vs profit-led (2023)

This Encyclopedia is an invaluable reference book for post-Keynesian and heterodox economics. It consists of 300 entries, written by 180 different authors. The volume includes entries on key concepts of interest to post-Keynesians as well as descriptions of some of the seminal books in the post-Keynesian tradition. It will interest both students and scholars of heterodox economics, as well as policy makers around the world looking for a better alternative to mainstream economic policies at national and international levels in the aftermath of the global financial crisis that burst in 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis that began in 2020.
Synthetic non‐peptide low molecular weight agonists of the relaxin receptor 1 (2016)

This article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc.
Object-oriented conceptual modeling of video data (2002)

We propose a graphical data model for specifying spatio-temporal semantics of video data. The proposed model segments a video clip into subsegments consisting of objects. Each object is detected and recognized, and the relevant information of each object is recorded. The motions of objects are modeled through their relative spatial relationships as time evolves. Based on the semantics provided by this model, a user can create his/her own, object-oriented view of the video database. Using the propositional logic, we describe a methodology for specifying conceptual queries involving spatio-temporal semantics and expressing views for retrieving various video clips. Alternatively, a user can sketch the query, by exemplifying the concept. The proposed methodology can be used to specify spatio-temporal concepts at various levels of information granularity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relationship between sevoflurane and GABA_A receptors (2000)

Objective To observe the effects of sevoflurane on GABA binding to GABA_A receptors on the rat's brain synaptic membranesMethods By using radioligand binding assay, the effects of various sevoflurane concentrations on the 3H-GABA specific binding were investigated in competive and saturated binding experiments; Concentrations of sevoflurane were measured by gas chromatographyResults (1) Concentrations of sevoflurane showed a saturated trend; (2)CPM of the complex didn't chang in competive experiments (P005); (3)When sevoflurane concentrations were in the range from 1556μmol/L to 5875μmol/L ,the KD of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control (P005).Conclusions Sevoflurane can not be directly bound to the GABA recongnition site. Sevoflurane can increase the GABA-A receptor affinity for GABA ,but can not affect the Bmax of GABA_A receptors
Thermal degradation behavior of epoxy resin blended with propyl ester phosphazene (2001)

Abstract The study was focused on the thermal degradation behavior of epoxy resins (EP) blended with propyl ester phosphazene (FR). The analysis studied the evolved gas and the residual char yield using different techniques. The results showed that pure epoxy resin and their blends were all a one‐stage thermal degradation reaction. The major degradation temperature of blends was lower than the temperature of pure epoxy resin, but the residual char yield of epoxy blends at 550°C was higher than that of pure epoxy resin. FR could accelerate the production of small molecules such as acetone, phenol, and isopropyl phenol during thermal degradation process. Honeycomb structure compounds were also formed in the residual char of epoxy and its blends. Additionally, elemental analysis of the residual char yield showed that phosphorus was a residual element, and other elements mostly diffused to the evolved gas. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1161–1174, 2001
Improving the Hadoop map/reduce framework to support concurrent appends through the BlobSeer BLOB management system (2010)

Hadoop is a reference software framework supporting the Map/Reduce programming model. It relies on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) as its primary storage system. Although HDFS does not offer support for concurrently appending data to existing files, we argue that Map/Reduce applications as well as other classes of applications can benefit from such a functionality. We provide support for concurrent appends by building a concurrency-optimized data storage layer based on the BlobSeer data management service. Moreover, we modify the Hadoop Map/Reduce framework to use the append operation in the "reduce" phase of the application. To validate this work, we perform experiments on a large number of nodes of the Grid'5000 testbed. We demonstrate that massively concurrent append and read operations have a low impact on each other. Besides, measurements with an application available with Hadoop show that the support for concurrent appends to shared file is introduced with no extra cost, whereas the number of files managed by the Map/Reduced framework is substantially reduced.
Multi-spectral optoelectronic device for skin microcirculation analysis (2012)

The developed optical fiber laser diode biosensor comprises one multi-wavelength laser diode (405, 660 and 780 nm) and a single photodiode with multi-channel signal output processing and a built-in Li-ion accumulator. Special software was created for visualisation and measuring of multi-spectral photoplethysmography signals. The prototype device was tested on 11 healthy subjects.