gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral transmission of tension in frog myofibers: A myofibrillar network and transverse cytoskeletal connections are possible transmitters (1983)

The extensibility of the sarcolemma of single myofibers can be reduced locally by leaving a segment covered by a sleeve of surrounding tissue composed of cut myofibers, blood vessels, and connective tissue, hereafter referred to as "the splint." Splinted fibers from frog semitendinosus muscle were used to study mechanical connections (transverse coupling) between myofibrillar components and sarcolemma. The transverse coupling is strong enough to insure a tight correlation between myofibril length and overlying sarcolemma length in both resting and activated fibers and to transmit nearly maximum isometric tension to the splint. Lateral transmission of active tension was demonstrated with a preparation which had the distal two-thirds of an intact fiber covered by a splint and the proximal third dissected clean. When the outer end of the splint was pinned down and only the distal tendon was held, tension generated in the splinted fiber was transmitted to, and recorded from, the splint. Parameters of isometric tension transmitted laterally were not significantly different from those of tension transmitted longitudinally. Myofibrils branch profusely and form a network that may act as a unitary force generator and transmitter. In splinted fibers its output is possibly picked up circumferentially and transmitted across the sarcolemma by a microfilament network. A cap of relatively inextensible sarcolemma "splints" myofiber ends. Resting tension is transmitted to and from the myofibrils by transverse coupling beyond the cap and the region of short sarcomere spacing it covers. Transverse cytoskeletal connections at Z and M regions are described. Immobilization of the sarcolemma allows study of myofibril-sarcolemma linkage in intact fibers. Both active and resting tension were transmitted laterally.
Google Street View images support the development of vision-based driver assistance systems (2012)

For the development of vision-based driver assistance systems, large amounts of data are needed, e.g., for training machine learning approaches, tuning parameters, and comparing different methods. There are basically three possible ways to obtain the required data: using freely available benchmark sets, doing own recordings, or falling back to synthesized sequences. In this paper, we show that Google Street View can be incorporated as a valuable source for image data. Street View is the largest publicly available collection of images recorded from a drivers' perspective, covering many different countries and scenarios. We describe how to efficiently access the data and present a framework that allows for virtual driving through a network of images. We assess its performance and show its applicability in practice considering traffic sign recognition as an example. The introduced approach supports an efficient collection of image data relevant to training and evaluating machine vision modules. It is easily adaptable and extendible, whereby Street View becomes a valuable tool for developers of vision-based assistance systems.
Abundant Metals Give Precious Hydrogenation Performance (2013)

Iron- or cobalt-based catalysts have outperformed traditional precious metal catalysts in several hydrogenation reactions. [Also see Reports by Jagadeesh et al. , Friedfeld et al. , and Zuo et al. ]
Random noise effects in pulse-mode digital multilayer neural networks (1995)

A pulse-mode digital multilayer neural network (DMNN) based on stochastic computing techniques is implemented with simple logic gates as basic computing elements. The pulse-mode signal representation and the use of simple logic gates for neural operations lead to a massively parallel yet compact and flexible network architecture, well suited for VLSI implementation. Algebraic neural operations are replaced by stochastic processes using pseudorandom pulse sequences. The distributions of the results from the stochastic processes are approximated using the hypergeometric distribution. Synaptic weights and neuron states are represented as probabilities and estimated as average pulse occurrence rates in corresponding pulse sequences. A statistical model of the noise (error) is developed to estimate the relative accuracy associated with stochastic computing in terms of mean and variance. Computational differences are then explained by comparison to deterministic neural computations. DMNN feedforward architectures are modeled in VHDL using character recognition problems as testbeds. Computational accuracy is analyzed, and the results of the statistical model are compared with the actual simulation results. Experiments show that the calculations performed in the DMNN are more accurate than those anticipated when Bernoulli sequences are assumed, as is common in the literature. Furthermore, the statistical model successfully predicts the accuracy of the operations performed in the DMNN.
Superhydrophobic conducting coatings based on silicone matrix and carbon nanotubes (2017)

Preparation of superhydrophobic conducting coatings based on silicone matrix and two types of carbon nanotubes, native and modified with alkyl groups, is described. The amount of carbon nanotubes per unit surface area was kept constant in all the samples, whereas the content of the polymer matrix was varied. The electrical conductivity, contact angle, and sliding angle were measured. The structure of the coatings was studied with an optical profilometer and a scanning electron microscope. The largest contact angle was 158.4° for the sample with 50 wt % content of native carbon nanotubes. For the samples with more than 20 wt % content of carbon nanotubes of both types, the sliding angle was less than 1°. Changes in the micro- and nanostructure of the coatings, observed with variation of the content of the polymer matrix in the samples, were studied. The relationship between the structural changes, on the one hand, and hydrophobic and water sliding properties of the conducting coatings, on the other hand, was demonstrated.
The burden of allergic rhinitis (2007)

Although formerly regarded as a nuisance disease, allergic rhinitis (AR) has a considerable effect on quality of life and can have significant consequences if left untreated. The total burden of this disease lies not only in impaired physical and social functioning but also in a financial burden made greater when considering evidence that AR is a possible causal factor in comorbid diseases such as asthma or sinusitis. Compared with matched controls, patients with AR have an approximate twofold increase in medication costs and 1.8-fold the number of visits to health practitioners. Hidden direct costs include the treatment of comorbid asthma, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, upper respiratory infection, and nasal polyposis. Nasal congestion, the most prominent symptom in AR, is associated with sleep-disordered breathing, a condition that can have a profound effect on mental health, including increased psychiatric disorders, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, sleep-disordered breathing in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased disorders of learning performance, behavior, and attention. In the United States, AR results in 3.5 million lost workdays and 2 million lost schooldays annually. Patients struggle to alleviate their misery, frequently self-adjusting their treatment regimen of over-the-counter and prescription medications because of lack of efficacy, deterioration of efficacy, lack of 24-hour relief, and bothersome side effects. Ironically, health care providers overestimate patient satisfaction with therapy. Therefore, improvement in patient-practitioner communication may enhance patient adherence with prescribed regimens.
Spectroscopic studies of metal chelates in supercritical fluids (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic studies of metal chelates in supercritical fluidsJoel M. Tingey, Clement R. Yonker, and Richard D. SmithCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 5, 2140–2143Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/j100342a083Request reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (510 KB) Get e-Alerts
Sketching garments for virtual characters (2006)

We present a method for simply and interactively creating basic garments for dressing virtual characters in applications like video games. The user draws an outline of the front or back of the garment, and the system makes reasonable geometric inferences about the overall shape of the garment (ignoring constraints arising from physics and from the material of the garment). Thus both the garment's shape and the way the character is wearing it are determined at once. We use the distance from the 2D garment silhouette to the character model to infer the variations of the distance between the remainder of the garment and the character in 3D. The garment surface is generated from the silhouette and border lines and this varying distance information, thanks to a data-structure that stores the distance field to the character's body. This method is integrated in an interactive system in which the user sketches the garment over the 3D model of the character. Our results show that the system can be used to create both standard clothes (skirts, shirts) and other garments that may be worn in a variety of ways (scarves, panchos).
Mechanism of Interstitial Oxygen Diffusion in Hafnia (2002)

We have performed density functional calculations of oxygen incorporation and diffusion in monoclinic hafnia (HfO2) for a range of oxygen charge states. The calculations demonstrate that oxygen favors atomic incorporation and that O2- is the most stable species. We find that oxygen interstitials diffuse via exchange with lattice oxygen sites in hafnia, and that O- species have the smallest diffusion barrier.
Haemostatic screening and identification of zebrafish mutants with coagulation pathway defects: an approach to identifying novel haemostatic genes in man (2000)

Zebrafish were used as a model to study haemostasis, a vertebrate function of paramount importance. A limitation of the zebrafish model is the difficulty in assaying small amounts of blood to detect coagulation mutants. We report the use of a rapid total coagulation activity (TCA) assay to screen for coagulation defects in individual adult zebrafish. We screened the TCA in 1000 gynogenetic half-tetrad diploids derived from 86 clutches. Each clutch was from a single F1 female offspring of males mutagenized with ethylnitrosourea (ENU). We found 30-50% defective zebrafish among six clutches, consistent with a heritable defect. The assay developed here provided a rapid screen to detect overall coagulation defects. However, because of the limited amounts of plasma, we could not detect defects in specific pathways. Therefore, a novel, ultra-sensitive kinetic method was developed to identify specific pathway defects. To test whether the kinetic assay could be used as a screening tool, 1500 Florida wild-type zebrafish pairs were analysed for naturally occurring coagulation defects. We detected 30 fish with extrinsic pathway defects, but with intact common and intrinsic pathways. We conclude that it is now possible to identify specific coagulation pathway defects in zebrafish.
Diaphanography as a means of detecting breast cancer. (1984)

Diaphanography (lightscanning) is a noninvasive method of examining the breast by transillumination using visible or infrared light. It was compared to xeromammography in 1,000 patients, 91 of whom had biopsy. There were 34 malignant tumors, of which 29 were detected by xeromammography and 26 by lightscanning; 27 patients with positive lightscans were not biopsied. All patients with true-positive lightscans also had positive mammograms. Major criteria of malignancy on diaphanography included an area of light absorption and abnormal or hypervascularity. These criteria could be demonstrated on retrospect on 6 scans previously considered negative; one xeromammogram previously interpreted as negative was diagnosed as positive on retrospect. Diaphanography may be sensitive enough to warrant further investigation.
Energy Service Interface: Accessing to Customer Energy Resources for Smart Grid Interoperation (2013)

The Energy Service Interface (ESI), sitting at the boundary of a customer facility, plays a communication gateway role - interconnecting internal customer energy resources to external systems. A number of customer energy services are realized over the interconnected communications, which then contributes to smart grid interoperation eventually. In this paper, we examine the design issues of the ESI. To facilitate bi-directional customer energy services, the ESI must serve as both a service consumer and a service provider. At the same time, it must protect the customer energy resources from external threats and maximize the interoperation. To verify the issues, we build and deploy two ESI testbeds. Throughout experiments with a couple of energy service scenarios, we verify that the ESI plays the service "prosumer" in an interoperable manner. We also evaluate the performance of the security mechanism applied to the ESI and examine the potential of exploiting the Cloud technology for the ESI deployment. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first deployment of the ESI that addresses the fundamental, functional requirements.
<title>Progress in switching windows</title> (2001)

Switchable windows can be used for a variety of applications including architectural and vehicle windows, aircraft transparencies, skylights and sunroofs. Related to glazing are applications for low-information content displays for the display of information. Switchable windows rely on a variety of processes and materials. Several companies throughout the world are developing dynamic glazing. University and National Laboratory groups are researching new materials and processes to improve these products. Switchable glazing for building and vehicle application is very attractive. Conventional glazing only offers fixed transmittance and control of energy passing through it. Given the wide range of illumination conditions and glare, a dynamic glazing with adjustable transmittance offers the best solution. This study covers selected switching technologies including, electrophoresis or suspended particles, electrochromism, liquid crystals, thermotropism and gaschromism. Currently much development in switchable devices is aimed at deposition processes suitable for glass substrates. In the future, there is movement towards plastic substrates for weight savings. Cost of production and defects in large-area deposition are two of the largest issues. These exciting technologies create many challenges and opportunities for glass and plastic companies along with excitement for building designers.
Characterization and application of catalytic regioselective hydroformylation with a cationic bis(dioxaphospholane)rhodium catalyst precursor (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization and application of catalytic regioselective hydroformylation with a cationic bis(dioxaphospholane)rhodium catalyst precursorThomas J. Kwok and Donald J. WinkCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 5, 1954–1959Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00029a060https://doi.org/10.1021/om00029a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Spatial Alignment Transformations in PCA and ICA of Functional Neuroimages (2007)

It has been previously observed that independent component analysis (ICA), if applied to data pooled in a particular way, may lessen the need for spatial alignment of scans in a functional neuroimaging study. In this paper, we seek to determine analytically the conditions under which this observation is true, not only for spatial ICA, but also for temporal ICA and for principal component analysis (PCA). In each case, we find conditions that the spatial alignment operator must satisfy to ensure invariance of the results. We illustrate our findings using functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Our analysis is applicable to both intersubject and intrasubject spatial normalization.
Plasmonic Light Trapping in Thin-film Silicon Solar Cells with Improved Self-Assembled Silver Nanoparticles (2012)

Plasmonic metal nanoparticles are of great interest for light trapping in thin-film silicon solar cells. In this Letter, we demonstrate experimentally that a back reflector with plasmonic Ag nanoparticles can provide light-trapping performance comparable to state-of-the-art random textures in n-i-p amorphous silicon solar cells. This conclusion is based on the comparison to high performance n-i-p solar cell and state-of-the-art efficiency p-i-n solar cells deposited on the Asahi VU-type glass. With the plasmonic back reflector a gain of 2 mA/cm(2) in short-circuit current density was obtained without any deterioration of open circuit voltage or fill factor compared to the solar cell on a flat back reflector. The excellent light trapping is a result of strong light scattering and low parasitic absorption of self-assembled Ag nanoparticles embedded in the back reflector. The plasmonic back reflector provides a high degree of light trapping with a haze in reflection greater than 80% throughout the wavelength range 520-1100 nm. The high performance of plasmonic back reflector is attributed to improvements in the self-assembly technique, which result in a lower surface coverage and fewer small and irregular nanoparticles.
An Overview of Hardware Security and Trust: Threats, Countermeasures, and Design Tools (2020)

Hardware security and trust have become a pressing issue during the last two decades due to the globalization of the semiconductor supply chain and ubiquitous network connection of computing devices. Computing hardware is now an attractive attack surface for launching powerful cross-layer security attacks, allowing attackers to infer secret information, hijack control flow, compromise system root-of-trust, steal intellectual property (IP), and fool machine learners. On the other hand, security practitioners have been making tremendous efforts in developing protection techniques and design tools to detect hardware vulnerabilities and fortify hardware design against various known hardware attacks. This article presents an overview of hardware security and trust from the perspectives of threats, countermeasures, and design tools. By introducing the most recent advances in hardware security research and developments, we aim to motivate hardware designers and electronic design automation tool developers to consider the new challenges and opportunities of incorporating an additional dimension of security into robust hardware design, testing, and verification.
Fast Mode Decision for Coarse Grain SNR Scalable Video Coding (2006)

Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an on-going standard and the current working draft (WD) is an extension of H.264/AVC. In the WD, exhaustive search technique is employed to select the best coding mode for each macroblock (MB). This technique achieves highest possible coding efficiency, but it results in higher computational complexity. To overcome this, we propose a novel fast mode decision scheme for coarse grain SNR scalability (CGS) in SVC. In this scheme, the mode distribution relationships between the base layer and enhancement layers are employed to reduce the candidate mode set at enhancement layers. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides significant reduction in computational complexity with negligible coding loss.
Designing Authentication and Authorization System with Blockchain (2019)

Data is accumulated daily in a society where the Internet has infiltrated. In order to further develop the industry, it is effective to establish a framework that can share and use data resources widely. If the IoT devices and various services trade data without human intervention, they will be able to provide new services that enrich our lives. If an authentication and authorization system that can openly confirm the data owners and give authority to them is constructed, various services, not limited to a single service, can authenticate and authorize the devices, and the data sharing will be promoted. In this paper, we propose a system that uses blockchain as a database for storing credentials and authority information and allows users and services to perform authentication and authorization based on that information.
Cell cycle effects resulting from inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met in regenerating rat livers by RNA interference (2007)

The data indicated that in vivo silencing of c-Met and HGF mRNA by RNA interference in normal rats results in suppression of mRNA and protein, which had a measurable effect on proliferation kinetics associated with liver regeneration.
Low power CMOS adaptive electronic central pattern generator design (2005)

In this paper, low power VLSI implementation of adaptive analog controller for autonomous robot is presented using standard CMOS process with 2V supply voltage. Electronic neuron and synapse circuit are developed based on Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model and first order synapse model. In order to achieve low power consumption, CMOS subthreshold circuit techniques are used. The power consumption is 4.8 mW and die size is 2mm by 2mm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design is viable for adaptive analog controller for autonomous robots.