gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bruton tyrosine kinase degradation as a therapeutic strategy for cancer (2018)

The covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is highly efficacious against multiple B-cell malignancies. However, it is not selective for BTK, and multiple mechanisms of resistance, including the C481S-BTK mutation, can compromise its efficacy. We hypothesized that small-molecule-induced BTK degradation may overcome some of the limitations of traditional enzymatic inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that BTK degradation results in potent suppression of signaling and proliferation in cancer cells and that BTK degraders efficiently degrade C481S-BTK. Moreover, we discovered DD-03-171, an optimized lead compound that exhibits enhanced antiproliferative effects on mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells in vitro by degrading BTK, IKFZ1, and IKFZ3 as well as efficacy against patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Thus, "triple degradation" may be an effective therapeutic approach for treating MCL and overcoming ibrutinib resistance, thereby addressing a major unmet need in the treatment of MCL and other B-cell lymphomas.
Two-end unsynchronized fault location algorithm for double-circuit series compensated lines (2008)

This paper presents an accurate fault location algorithm for double-circuit series compensated lines. Use of two-end current and voltage signals with taken into account a more general case of unsynchronized measurements is studied. Different options for analytical synchronization of the measurements are considered. The algorithm applies two subroutines, designated for locating faults on particular line sections, and the procedure for selecting the valid subroutine. The subroutines are formulated with use of the generalized fault loop model, leading to compact formulae. Taking into account the distributed parameter line model assures high accuracy of fault location. Application of the proposed selection procedure allows for reliable selection of the valid subroutine. The developed fault location algorithm has been thoroughly tested using signals taken from ATP-EMTP versatile simulations of faults on a double-circuit series compensated transmission line. The presented fault location example shows the validity of the derived fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.
Stress Inhomogeneity in Powder Specimens Tested in the Jenike Shear Cell: Myth or Fact? (2004)

Abstract In the mechanical characterization of powders using the direct shear testers such as the Jenike shear cell, the existence of a uniform or well‐defined stress field in a powder specimen is assumed. This assumption has not been subjected to any serious scrutiny in the literature. In this study, the normal stress variation in a silica powder was locally determined by locating a pressure‐sensitive TekScan pad at the bottom section of a Jenike shear cell. A computer simulation of the consolidation and pre‐shearing stages of the Jenike test procedure was performed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The paper presents both experimental and computational evidence for the existence of a complex stress field in the powder specimen, thus clearly invalidating the long‐standing stress homogeneity assumption in the direct shear testing of powders. The implications of the stress inhomogeneity in terms of the accuracy of the material properties extracted from the Jenike test are also presented.
Investigation of two qubit quantum gates in linear optics (2004)

We discuss progress towards implementing two qubit quantum gates in optics. We review the operation of an optical quantum gate which performs all the operations of a control-NOT (CNOT) gate in the coincidence basis with two, unentangled photons as the input and discuss its implementation.
Isolation, production and characterization of fully human monoclonal antibodies directed to Plasmodium falciparum MSP10 (2015)

This report describes a platform for the isolation of human antibodies from semi-immune blood donors by EBV transformation and their subsequent characterization after transient expression in plants. To our knowledge, the presented antibodies are the first humAbs directed against P. falciparum MSP10 to be described. They recognize the EGF-like folds of MSP10 and bind these with high affinity. Moreover, these antibodies inhibit P. falciparum 3D7A growth in vitro.
Development of dereverberation algorithms for improved speech intelligibility by cochlear implant users (2012)

Although reverberation does not significantly affect speech quality and intelligibility for normal hearing (NH) listeners, it severely degrades word identification performance in hearing impaired (e.g., cochlear implant (CI) users) as well as elderly people. 
Several algorithms have previously been proposed to overcome the destructive effects of reverberation on speech quality. However, less work has addressed the reverberation effects on speech intelligibility in CI users. Word recognition performance of cochlear implantees in reverberant conditions is studied and new reverberation suppression strategies are proposed in order to improve intelligibility. Effectiveness of the proposed techniques is first evaluated in ideal scenarios, where access to an anechoic signal is assumed, to determine an upper-bound on performance. Formal listening experiments indicate large speech intelligibility gains in low to highly reverberant environments which motivates development of non-ideal suppression methods. We propose two novel channel selection criteria to blindly (non-ideally) suppress the reverberation in CI devices. These techniques lead to significant improvements for CI subjects in word identification performance in reverberation and can easily be integrated into current CI devices. 
In addition to reverberation, the presence of background noise can also degrade word identification scores of CI users. Noise masks speech in a different manner compared to reverberation, and when added to reverberation, further elevates the confusion for listeners compared to reverberation/noise alone conditions. The combined effects of noise and reverberation are quite detrimental to speech intelligibility especially for CI users with only a limited number of stimulating electrodes in their devices. In this dissertation, the performance of CI listeners is evaluated in more realistic environments where reverberation and noise co-exist. 
The destructive effects of reverberation and noise on speech intelligibility is assessed in order to quantify which of the two affects speech intelligibility the most. Moreover, noisy speech processed by two alternative ideal channel selection techniques is studied and compared with the anechoic quiet speech processed by ACE/CIS strategies, in terms of quality and intelligibility. Results indicate no significant difference in quality and intelligibility of the noisy speech processed by these alternative techniques and that of the ACE/CIS processed anechoic clean speech.
A techno-economic evaluation for industrial scale production of metal organic frameworks (2015)

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials characterised by their uniform pores with unprecedentedly large internal surface areas. Their functionality is derived by the choice of organic linkers and metal ions, resulting in a vast range of potential applications including gas storage and separation, sensing, photoelectronics and catalysis. Existing MOF synthesis methods have been limited to small scale batch production, and restricted to high purity feed materials. The resulting labour, time and raw material costs have consequently been prohibitive to industrial scale commercial applications. A scaled up continuous production method using flow chemistry and chemical recycling has been proposed by CSIRO to address these process limitations. In this study phase, the engineering and economic challenges have been identified; using the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineers (AACE) methodology. Several flowsheets have been analysed and optimised, from both a technical and economic perspective. This information was used in turn to guide the research programme into the effects of feed stock purity, and the degree of washing, on MOF product quality. The experimental results were employed in a cost evaluation model. The results were very encouraging, showing a reduced capital and production cost at industrial scale operation. The results discussed in this paper focus specifically on the production of industrially significant volumes of MOF, with particular application to aluminium fumarate (Al-Fum).
Programmable Conductance Switches for FPAAs (2007)

Floating gate transistors make excellent switches for large-scale field-programmable analog arrays (FPAAs). In addition to simple "on" and "off" connections, they can be used as computational elements within synthesized circuits. However, the programmable range of these computational elements as well as the quality of an "on" switch can be limited by the particular switch topology and programming methods. To extend the useful range of floating gate switches, programming method improvements and indirectly programmed topologies are explored and demonstrated
The ATM gene and the radiobiology of ataxia-telangiectasia (1996)

(1996). The ATM gene and the radiobiology of ataxia-telangiectasia. International Journal of Radiation Biology: Vol. 69, No. 5, pp. 527-537.
Low Sidelobe S-Band Line Source Array. (1980)

This report deals with the study and fabrication of a low sidelobe, S-band linear dipole array. The specific design of this line source makes it directly applicable to a full size planar array for use in a high power, high efficiency, low sidelobe, tactical radar. Electrical and mechanical design details are discussed, including development of wideband, high isolation couplers, development of a crossed dipole radiator, the use of air-dielectric stripline as a transmission medium, considerations regarding the corporate-fed power divider, grating lobe considerations, size and weight budgets, and tactical constraints. Sources of both correlated and uncorrelated errors have been identified. A computer program is discussed which uses this error information to calculate statistically the azimuth patterns for the line source and for an array of N line sources. An error and tolerance budget has been determined that assures the array sidelobes to be below the -35, -38, -41, and -50dB level (first, second, third, and wide angle lobes, respectively).
Release Properties and Electrochemical Characterization of Encapsulated Corrosion Inhibitors for Environmentally Friendly Smart Coatings (2015)

The NASA Kennedy Space Center's Corrosion Technology Lab at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, U.S.A. has been developing multifunctional smart coatings based on the microencapsulation of environmentally friendly corrosion indicators, inhibitors and self-healing agents. This allows for the incorporation of autonomous corrosion control functionalities, such as corrosion detection and inhibition as well as the self-healing of mechanical damage, into coatings. This paper presents technical details on the characterization of inhibitor-containing particles and their corrosion inhibitive effects using electrochemical and mass loss methods. Three organic environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors were encapsulated in organic microparticles that are compatible with desired coatings. The total inhibitor content and the release of one of the inhibitors from the microparticles in basic solution was measured. Particles with inhibitor contents of up 60 wt% were synthesized. Fast release, for immediate corrosion protection, as well as long-term release for continued protection, was observed. The inhibition efficacy of the inhibitors, both as the pure materials and in microparticles, on carbon steel was evaluated. Polarization curves and mass loss measurements showed that, in the case of 2MBT, its corrosion inhibition effectiveness was greater when it was delivered from microparticles.
Temperature sensitivity of mid-infrared type II &#x201C;W&#x201D; interband cascade lasers (ICL) emitting at 4.1&#x00B5;m at room temperature (2010)

The thermal properties of 5-stage “W” Interband-Cascade Lasers emitting at 4.1μm at RT are investigated. It is shown that inter-valence band absorption coupled with non-radiative recombination govern their maximum operating temperature.
Ethylene–chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers. I. Synthesis and evaluation of compositions resistant to thermal stress cracking (1987)

Abstract Copolymerization of ethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and small amounts (less than 5 mol %) of a perfluoroalkylethylene yields terpolymers in which the concentration ratio of the ethylenederived units to the units derived from the fluorine‐containing monomers is unity, indicating that the perfluoroalkylethylenes are incorporated at the expense of chlorotrifluoroethylene. The resulting polymer compositions are characterized by improved resistance to thermal stress cracking.
Narrowband Interference in Pilot Symbol Assisted OFDM Systems (2004)

The effect of narrowband interference on pilot symbol assisted detection and synchronization is discussed. It is shown both analytically and by computer simulation that pilot symbol detectors are particularly susceptible to narrowband interference. It is shown also that pilot symbol assisted frequency offset estimation is detrimentally affected by narrowband interference. The normalized least mean squares (N-LMS) adaptive noise cancellation algorithm, with only a small number of filter taps, is shown to perform well in suppressing narrowband interference in pilot symbol detectors. The combination of two-stage detection and the N-LMS algorithm is shown to be effective in producing interference-tolerant pilot symbol detection in OFDM systems.
Analysis and Design of I/Q Charge-Sharing Band-Pass-Filter for Superheterodyne Receivers (2015)

A complex quadrature charge-sharing (CS) technique is proposed to implement a discrete-time band-pass filter (BPF) with a programmable bandwidth of 20-100 MHz. The BPF is part of a cellular superheterodyne receiver and completely determines the receiver frequency selectivity. It operates at the full sampling rate of up to 5.2 GHz corresponding to the 1.2 GHz RF input frequency, thus making it free from any aliasing or replicas in its transfer function. Furthermore, the advantage of CS-BPF over other band-pass filters such as N-path, active-RC, G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> -C, and biquad is described. A mathematical noise analysis of the CS-BPF and the comparison of simulations and calculations are presented. The entire 65 nm CMOS receiver, which does not include a front-end LNTA for test reasons, achieves a total gain of 35 dB, IRN of 1.5 nV/√(Hz), out-of-band IIP3 of +10 dBm. It consumes 24 mA at 1.2 V power supply.
Development of Potent Inhibitors of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B (2003)

Botulinum neurotoxins are the most potent toxins known to date. They are zinc-metalloproteases able to cleave selectively an essential component of neurotransmitter exocytosis, causing the syndrome of botulism characterized by a flaccid paralysis. There is a great interest in designing antagonists of the action of these toxins. One way is to inhibit their catalytic activity. In this study, we report the design of such inhibitors directed toward BoNT/B. A study of the S(1) subsite specificity, using several beta-amino thiols, has shown that this subsite prefers a p-carboxybenzyl moiety. The specificity of the S(1)' and S(2)' subsites was studied using two libraries of pseudotripeptides containing the S(1) synthon derived from the best beta-amino thiol tested. Finally, a selection of various non natural amino acids for the recognition of the "prime" domain led to the most potent inhibitor of BoNT/B described to date with a K(i) value of 20 nM.
Baseband trellis codes with a spectral null at zero (1988)

A method is described for modifying classical N-dimensional trellis codes to provide baseband codes that combine a spectral null at DC with significant coding gain. The information rate of the classical code is decreased by one bit, and this extra redundancy is used to keep the running digital sum bounded. Equivalently, if the rate is held constant, then twice as many signal points are needed, causing a power penalty of 6/N dB. Baseband trellis codes are presented for several information rates together with complete spectral plots and performance comparisons. A method of constructing baseband codes with multiple spectral nulls is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Label-Free Fluorescent Functional DNA Sensors Using Unmodified DNA: A Vacant Site Approach (2010)

A general methodology to design label-free fluorescent functional DNA sensors using unmodified DNA via a vacant site approach is described. By extending one end of DNA with a loop, a vacant site that binds an extrinsic fluorophore, 2-amino-5,6,7-trimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine (ATMND), could be created at a selected position in the DNA duplex region of DNAzymes or aptamers. When the vacant site binds ATMND, ATMND's fluorescence is quenched. This fluorescence can be recovered when one strand of the duplex DNA is released through either metal ion-dependent cleavage by DNAzymes or analyte-dependent structural-switching by aptamers. Through this design, label-free fluorescent sensors for Pb(2+), UO(2)(2+), Hg(2+), and adenosine have been successfully developed. These sensors have high selectivity and sensitivity; detection limits as low as 3 nM, 8 nM, 30 nM, and 6 microM have been achieved for UO(2)(2+), Pb(2+), Hg(2+) and adenosine, respectively. Control experiments using vacant-site-free DNA duplexes and inactive variants of the functional DNAs indicate that the presence of the vacant site and the activity of the functional DNAs are essential for the performance of the proposed sensors. The vacant site approach demonstrated here can be used to design many other label-free fluorescent sensors to detect a wide range of analytes.
Construction of Bordetella pertussis strains with enhanced production of genetically-inactivated Pertussis Toxin and Pertactin by unmarked allelic exchange (2012)

We have constructed Bordetella pertussis strains expressing increased amounts of the antigens, rPT or rPT and PRN. Expression of the third antigen, FHA was unchanged (always in excess). These strains will be useful for the manufacture of affordable acellular Pertussis vaccines.
New antigenic targets in type 1 diabetes (2008)

Functional studies of the transporter will be key to understanding the role of ZnT8 in type 2 diabetes. Investigation of the cellular immune response to ZnT8 will be essential in evaluating its contribution to type 1 diabetes. Measurement of autoantibodies to ZnT8 takes us a step closer to detection of prediabetes in the general population.
Generation of Compound Words in Statistical Machine Translation into Compounding Languages (2013)

In this article we investigate statistical machine translation (SMT) into Germanic languages, with a focus on compound processing. Our main goal is to enable the generation of novel compounds that have not been seen in the training data. We adopt a split-merge strategy, where compounds are split before training the SMT system, and merged after the translation step. This approach reduces sparsity in the training data, but runs the risk of placing translations of compound parts in non-consecutive positions. It also requires a postprocessing step of compound merging, where compounds are reconstructed in the translation output. We present a method for increasing the chances that components that should be merged are translated into contiguous positions and in the right order and show that it can lead to improvements both by direct inspection and in terms of standard translation evaluation metrics. We also propose several new methods for compound merging, based on heuristics and machine learning, which outperform previously suggested algorithms. These methods can produce novel compounds and a translation with at least the same overall quality as the baseline. For all subtasks we show that it is useful to include part-of-speech based information in the translation process, in order to handle compounds.
A Control-Based Approach to Accurate Nanoindentation Quantification in Broadband Nanomechanical Measurement Using Scanning Probe Microscope (2013)

This paper presents a control-based approach to accurately quantify the indentation in broadband nanomechanical property measurements using scanning probe microscope (SPM). Accurate indentation measurement is essential to probe-based material property characterization as the force exerted and the indentation generated are the two most important physical variables measured in the process. Large measurement errors, however, occur when the measurement frequency range becomes large (i.e., broadband). Such errors result from the inability of the conventional method to account for the difference between the SPM z-axis piezo actuator displacement and the vertical displacement of the cantilever at its fixed end, and the lateral-vertical coupling-caused cantilever motion when the measurement frequency range increases. A control-based approach is presented to address these limits of the conventional method. The proposed approach is demonstrated through experiments to measure the viscoelastic properties of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sample over a broad-frequency range.
DETECTION OF AUTOANTIBODIES AND ALLOANTIBODIES AGAINST PLATELET-ASSOCIATED ANIGENS (1987)

Although autoantibodies against the platelet glycoproteins (GP) and a 1loantibodies toward class I HLA antigens have been demonstrated using various methods, practical techniques for their detection have not been available. We studied 59 patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) where platelet-associated and plasma autoantibodies against the GP Ilb/IIIa complex and GP lb were measured using a newly developed imraunobead assay and a previously described microtiter well assay. The specificity of both assays depends on the monoclonal antibody employed (e.g., GPIIb/IIIa, lb or HLA). Platelet-associated autoantibody was detected using the immunobead assay in 21 of 28 patients (13 with anti-GPIIb/IIIa and 8 with anti-GPIb). Plasma autoantibodies were noted in 34 of 59 patients (21 with anti-GPIIb/IIIa, 11 with anti-GPIb and 2 with both). Positive results were noted in 30 of 59 ITP patients using the immunobead assay and in only 14 of 59 using the microtiter well assay, suggesting that solubilization prior to antibody addition, as in the microtiter well assay, alters epitope stability. However, the microtiter well assay appears to define a poor prognostic group. Of 11 patients with positive well assays who underwent splenectomy, only one achieved a complete remission, 3 have died and all require continuous high-dose steroids or immunosuppressants. Of the 31 thrombocytopenic controls studied, all gave negative results using both assays. The immunobead assay was adapted to specifically measure anti-HLA antibodies and was used to evaluate 51 single donor platelet transfusions given to 7 patients refractory to random platelets. Twenty-nine of 33 (88%) transfusions associated with a negative assay had successful outcomes (1 hr increment >7500) while only 2 of 18 (11.1%) episodes associated with a positive test had successful outcomes. Only 1 unsuccessful transfusion episode was associated with a negative immunobead and a positive antiglobulin test suggesting that transfusion-related alloantibodies, other than to class I HLA antigens, are an uncommon cause of refractoriness. We conclude that these two clinically adaptable assays are capable of measuring both autoantibodies and anti-HLA alloantibodies with a high degree of sensitivity.