gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologically Inspired Emotional Expressions for Artificial Agents (2018)

A special area of human-machine interaction, the expression of emotions gains importance with the continuous development of artificial agents such as social robots or interactive mobile applications. We developed a prototype version of an abstract emotion visualization agent to express five basic emotions and a neutral state. In contrast to well-known symbolic characters (e.g., smileys) these displays follow general biological and ethological rules. We conducted a multiple questionnaire study on the assessment of the displays with Hungarian and Japanese subjects. In most cases participants were successful in recognizing the displayed emotions. Fear and sadness were most easily confused with each other while both the Hungarian and Japanese participants recognized the anger display most correctly. We suggest that the implemented biological approach can be a viable complement to the emotion expressions of some artificial agents, for example mobile devices.
A Compact Wideband Dual-polarized Millimeter Wave Antenna for 5G Smartphones (2019)

This paper presents a compact 28 GHz dual-polarized antenna for future 5G smartphones. The antenna is based on two discrete elements a folded dipole and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna, which are responsible for the horizontal and vertical polarizations, respectively. The structure is designed on a four-layer Roger 4003 laminate with a total height of 0.89 mm. A coplanar strip (CPS)-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) balun is implemented to feed the unbalanced slot antenna so that both elements can be directly connected to a fully-differential IC chip. The antenna features a wideband performance and covers the entire 28 GHz band (26.5-29.5 GHz). The simulated peak gain of the folded dipole (horizontal polarization) and the SIW cavity-backed slot antenna (vertical polarization) is 3 and 4 dBi, respectively. The antenna has overall dimensions of 7.5mm×5mm and can be easily integrated with RFIC chips.
The Role of πσ* Excited States in Electron-Induced DNA Strand Break Formation:  A Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study (2008)

Mechanisms of low-energy electron attachment to the DNA and subsequent single-strand break (SSB) formation are of crucial importance to understand the DNA damage. In the present study, we used time-dependent density functional theory (TD-BH&HLYP/6-31G*) to explore the mechanism of SSB, in detail, by calculating the lowest excited states of 5‘-dTMPH radical anion considered as a model of DNA. The C5‘−O5‘ bond dissociation of 5‘-dTMPH radical anion was considered as the reaction coordinate along the potential energy surface of 5‘-dTMPH. The dissociative σ* state, mainly localized on the phosphate of the 5‘-dTMPH radical anion, is considered responsible for the SSB formation in DNA. Our work predicts that in this DNA model system there are available π* and σ* excited states, near 2 eV, which can couple vibronically and lead to a DNA single strand break via the dissociative σ* surface.
Genotypic Variation in Cytokinin Oxidase from <i>Phaseolus</i> Callus Cultures (1990)

Genotypic variation in cytokinin oxidase has been detected in enzyme preparations from Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Great Northern and Phaseolus lunatus L. cv Kingston callus cultures. Although cytokinin oxidase preparations from Great Northern and Kingston callus tissues appear to have very similar substrate specificities, the cytokinin oxidase activities from the two callus tissues were found to differ in a number of other properties. The cytokinin oxidase from P. vulgaris cv Great Northern callus tissue exhibited a pH optimum of 6.5 (bisTris) and had a strong affinity for the lectin concanavalin A. The cytokinin oxidase from P. lunatus cv Kingston callus tissue exhibited a pH optimum of 8.4 (Taps) and did not bind to concanavalin A. The two enzymes also differed in position of elution when chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose. Both cytokinin oxidase activities exhibited enhanced activity and lower pH optima in the presence of copper-imidazole complexes, but the optimum copper-imidazole ratio and the magnitude of enhancement differed for the two activities. In both callus tissues, transient increases in the supply of exogenous cytokinins induced increases in cytokinin oxidase activity. The differences in pH optima and in glycosylation (as evidenced by the observed difference in lectin affinity) of the cytokinin oxidases from Great Northern and Kingston callus tissues suggest that the compartmentation of cytokinin oxidase may differ in the two callus tissues. The possibility that enzyme compartmentation and isozyme variation in cytokinin oxidase may play a role in the regulation of cytokinin degradation in plant tissues is discussed in relation to known differences in the rates of cytokinin degradation in Great Northern and Kingston callus tissues.
Workload prediction and dynamic voltage scaling for MPEG decoding (2006)

In this paper we present three efficient DVS techniques for an MPEG decoder. Their energy reduction is comparable to that of the optimal solution. A workload prediction model is also developed based on the block level statistics of each MPEG frame. Compared with previous works, the new model exhibits a remarkable improvement in accuracy of the prediction. The experimental results show that, with the new prediction model, the presented DVS techniques achieve more energy reduction than previous works while delivering the same Quality of Service (QoS).
Minimal and maximal exposure path algorithms for wireless embedded sensor networks (2003)

Sensor networks not only have the potential to change the way we use, interact with, and view computers, but also the way we use, interact with, and view the world around us. In order to maximize the effectiveness of sensor networks, one has to identify, examine, understand, and provide solutions for the fundamental problems related to wireless embedded sensor networks. We believe that one of such problems is to determine how well the sensor network monitors the instrumented area. These problems are usually classified as coverage problems. There already exist several methods that have been proposed to evaluate a sensor network's coverage.We start from one of such method and provide a new approach to complement it. The method of using the minimal exposure path to quantify coverage has been optimally solved using a numerical approximation approach. The minimal exposure path can be thought of as the worst-case coverage of a sensor network. Our first goal is to develop an efficient localized algorithm that enables a sensor network to determine its minimal exposure path. The theoretical highlight of this paper is the closed-form solution for minimal exposure in the presence of a single sensor. This solution is the basis for the new and significantly faster localized approximation algorithm that reduces the theoretical complexity of the previous algorithm. On the other hand, we introduce a new coverage problem - the maximal exposure path - which is in a sense the best-case coverage path for a sensor network. We prove that the maximal exposure path problem is NP-hard, and thus, we provide heuristics to generate approximate solutions.In addition, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms through several simulations. In the case of the minimal single-source minimal exposure path, we use variational calculus to determine exact solutions. For the case of maximal exposure, we use networks with varying numbers of sensors and exposure models.
Quantum Simulations with Trapped Ions (2011)

Quantum simulation makes use of a well controlled quantum system to make predictions on another quantum system under investigation. Here, we report on quantum simulations using trapped ions to investigate quantum relativistic effects and spin systems.
Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and tight junction protein expression (2013)

The objectives of this study are threefold: 1) to assess whether 7 days of oral glutamine (GLN) supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability; 2) whether supplementation prevents the proinflammatory response; and 3) whether these changes are associated with upregulation of the heat shock response. On separate occasions, eight human subjects participated in baseline testing and in GLN and placebo (PLA) supplementation trials, followed by a 60-min treadmill run. Intestinal permeability was higher in the PLA trial compared with baseline and GLN trials (0.0604 ± 0.047 vs. 0.0218 ± 0.008 and 0.0272 ± 0.007, respectively; P < 0.05). IκBα expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher 240 min after exercise in the GLN trial compared with the PLA trial (1.411 ± 0.523 vs. 0.9839 ± 0.343, respectively; P < 0.05). In vitro using the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, we measured effects of GLN supplementation (0, 4, and 6 mM) on heat-induced (37° or 41.8°C) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), and occludin expression. HSF-1 and HSP70 levels increased in 6 mM supplementation at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.785 ± 0.495 vs. 0.6681 ± 0.290, and 1.973 ± 0.325 vs. 1.133 ± 0.129, respectively; P < 0.05). Occludin levels increased after 4 mM supplementation at 41°C and 6 mM at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.236 ± 0.219 and 1.849 ± 0.564 vs. 0.7434 ± 0.027, respectively; P < 0.001). GLN supplementation prevented exercise-induced permeability, possibly through HSF-1 activation.
“难”字当头——最艰难运动项目TOP 10 (2007)

耶鲁退休的物理学教授,即《棒球的物理学原理》一书作者埃迪认为:从某种意义上说,它们(灌蓝和棒球快击等)同样困难。看看阿姆斯特朗退役前是如何准备他的自行车赛,老虎伍兹是怎样打高尔夫球的吧,我们就会明白。然而,这并不意味着我们不能有自己的观点。《今日美国》的体育编辑希望给您选列出所有运动项目中最难的10个动作。我们的编辑都观看过最高难度的体育竞赛,很多人甚至自己亲身体验过这些运动项目。在我们的讨论间里,邀请了高尔夫球手、马拉松赛手、网球手、自行车赛手等等。如同预想,这场讨论异常激烈,你们怎么可以不把这个列入?是我们在作决定时最常碰到的问题。
Synthesis and cationic photopolymerization of new fluorinated, polyfunctional propenyl ether oligomers (2006)

Abstract New fluorinated, polyfunctional propenyl ether functionalized resins were synthesized, and their behavior in cationic photopolymerization was investigated. The photopolymerization proceeded efficiently with a high double‐bond conversion (>90%), giving rise to UV‐cured coatings characterized by low glass‐transition temperatures (−33 °C ≤ glass‐transition temperature ≤ −15 °C) and hydrophobic surface properties. A fluorinated additive was also employed as a reactive additive in the cationic photopolymerization of trimethylolpropane tripropenyl ether, increasing the double‐bond conversion, polymer network flexibility, thermal stability, and surface hydrophobicity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6943–6951, 2006
Nanolithography on Responsive Materials (2012)

Inspired by the fascinating working process of living systems, materials that can respond to external stimuli (mechanical, chemical, optical changes in environmental conditions, etc.) are of enormous interest owing to their applications in a wide range of fields including microfluidic devices, drug delivery, tissue engineering, sensors and actuators. This review, while being non-exhaustive in literature, emphasizes the promising applications of responsive materials as building blocks of biomimetic devices, together with the description of lithographic techniques used to pattern stimuliresponsive polymers at microand nanoscale. The goal of these endeavors is to mimic biological systems by capitalizing on the prominent properties of smart materials. Herein, we briefly describe the principles of responsive behaviors on various polymer materials to external stimuli such as temperature, pH and light. We also introduce current techniques employed in fabricating structures on responsive polymers, such as photolithography, soft lithography, and atomic force microscope nanolithography. Emphasis is placed on a specific approach that generates nanostructures on a polymer that swells under local protonation. Overall, the review highlights the importance of responsive materials allowing fundamental understanding of material properties and practical applications.
Differential Inhibition of Phytoene Desaturases from Diverse Origins and Analysis of Resistant Cyanobacterial Mutants (1993)

Recent work on the molecular biology of carotenogenic genes and enzymes showed that there are two different and unrelated types of phytoene desaturase. One can be found in bacteria and fungi whereas the other is present in cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants. Studies with herbicidal inhibitors showed that only the latter type of enzyme is affected by the bleaching herbicides norflurazon, fluridone, and flurtam one. I 50 values have been determined for inhibition of phytoene desaturase in either solubilized membranes of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus, membrane preparation of E. coli in which the corresponding gene from Synechococcus was expressed or purified and reactivated phytoene desaturase from this E. coli transformant. The values differ by two orders of magnitude. The importance of the lipid environment of the integral membrane protein phytoene desaturase for its interaction with herbicides has been discussed. With the purified phytoene desaturase it could also be shown that the pyrimidine derivative J852 which is an inhibitor of ζ-carotene desaturase also inhibits phytoene desaturase with an I 50 value which is about 2700 times higher than for inhibition of phytoene desaturation.
Customer satisfaction in online meeting platforms: Impact of efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy (2021)

As it is known business rely on the customers, which means the profitability of any company change depending on customer demand. Due to that, it is necessary to treat customers as the central factor of the market. In another meaning, Customer satisfaction is very important issue to a company’s business performance. In this regard, the purpose of this project was to determine the Impact of service quality on the customer satisfaction in the online meeting platforms. By means of service quality, we tested the impact of efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy on the customer satisfaction. Though conducting a survey data was collected. Different nationalities from various universities participated in this study including Kurdish, Turkish, Arabic, Turkmen, Indian, Pakistan, Uzbek, Nigerian and British with having different position such as head of the faculty, instructor, academic staff, head of the department and etc. in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Based on the result fulfillment, privacy issues were affected the customer satisfaction mostly.
Cost/Benefit Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Comprehensive Study ??? Part II (1992)

Instructor at Riverside School of Professional Nursing in Newport News, Virginia, and an Adjunct Professor in the Sociology Department at Hampton University
Practices and perceptions of adolescent girls regarding the impact of dysmenorrhea on their routine life: a comparative study in the urban, rural, and slum areas of Chandigarh (2015)

To estimate the prevalence, to compare the impact of dysmenorrhea on routine life among adolescent girls, to compare the practices and perceptions regarding Dysmenorrhea and to ascertain the reason for difference if any, a cross-sectional study was conducted in urban, rural and slum areas of Chandigarh, India. 300 girls in age group of 11-18 years, who had attained menarche were included in the study. A questionnaire including the Demographic and Family profile, menstrual history, Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea, Effect of pain on daily activities, Faces scale, Practices regarding Dysmenorrhea, Beliefs about menstruation was used. Analysis was done by percentage and chi square prevalance of dysmenorrhea was 61.33%. Sickness absenteeism due to dysmenorrhea was reported in 24.45% girls. Most common symptom experienced by the girls was stomach ache which was experienced by 139 girls; others symptoms experienced during menstruation were backache (107), and general body pain (80). Only 11.63% of the girls ever visited physician due to pain during menstruation. During menstruation only 10 girls use hot water bottle, 71 skip meal. Due to poor knowledge the practices were not optimal for pain management, which affected their school attendance. Formal as well as informal channels of communication, such as mothers and peers, need to be emphasized for the delivery of such information particularly linking instructions on menstrual hygiene to an expanded programme of health education in schools.
Reactive conducting polymers as actuating sensors and tactile muscles (2008)

Films of conducting polymers when used as electrodes in an electrolytic solution oxidize and reduce under the flow of anodic and cathodic currents, respectively. The electrochemical reactions induce conformational movements of the chains, generation or destruction of free volume and interchange of ions and solvent with the electrolyte giving a gel that reacts, swells or shrinks. Electric pulses acting on reactive gels constituted by polymers, solvent and ions are the closest artificial materials to those that constitute actuating biological organs. The electrochemical reaction under the flow of a constant current promotes a progressive change of color, volume, porosity, stored charge and storage or release of ions. The reaction is kinetically controlled by the conformational movements or by the diffusion of counterions through the gel; it works under electrochemical equilibrium and defines, at any intermediate oxidation state, equilibrium potentials. Any variable (mechanical, chemical, optical, magnetic, etc) acting on the equilibrium will induce a change in the working potential of any device, driven by a constant current, based on this reaction; actuating-sensing devices based on the electrochemical properties are expected. Artificial muscles able to sense pushed weights, electrolyte concentration or ambient temperature during actuation are described. The activation energy of the reaction includes structural information and allows the obtention of the conformational energy, the heart of both actuating and sensing properties.
Enhancement of Aviation Fuel Thermal Stability Characterization Through Application of Ellipsometry (2013)

ASTM D3241/Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Tester (JFTOT) procedure, the standard method for testing thermal stability of conventional aviation turbine fuels is inherently limited due to the subjectivity in the color standard for tube deposit rating. Quantitative assessment of the physical characteristics of oxidative fuel deposits provides a more powerful method for comparing the thermal oxidation stability characteristics of fuels, especially in a research setting. We propose employing a Spectroscopic Ellipsometer to determine the film thickness and profile of oxidative fuel deposits on JFTOT heater tubes. Using JP-8 aviation fuel and following a modified ASTM D3241 testing procedure, the capabilities of the Ellipsometer will be demonstrated by measuring oxidative fuel deposit profiles for a range of different deposit characteristics. The testing completed in this report was supported by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Subsonics Fixed Wing Project
Unsupervised cross-lingual knowledge transfer in DNN-based LVCSR (2012)

We investigate the use of cross-lingual acoustic data to initialise deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models by means of unsupervised restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) pre-training. DNNs for German are pretrained using one or all of German, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish. The DNNs are used in a tandem configuration, where the network outputs are used as features for a hidden Markov model (HMM) whose emission densities are modeled by Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), as well as in a hybrid configuration, where the network outputs are used as the HMM state likelihoods. The experiments show that unsupervised pretraining is more crucial for the hybrid setups, particularly with limited amounts of transcribed training data. More importantly, unsupervised pretraining is shown to be language-independent.
Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection (2019)

Traditionally, the emergence of coronaviruses (CoVs) has been attributed to a gain in receptor binding in a new host. Our previous work with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like viruses argued that bats already harbor CoVs with the ability to infect humans without adaptation. These results suggested that additional barriers limit the emergence of zoonotic CoV. In this work, we describe overcoming host restriction of two Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-like bat CoVs using exogenous protease treatment. We found that the spike protein of PDF2180-CoV, a MERS-like virus found in a Ugandan bat, could mediate infection of Vero and human cells in the presence of exogenous trypsin. We subsequently show that the bat virus spike can mediate the infection of human gut cells but is unable to infect human lung cells. Using receptor-blocking antibodies, we show that infection with the PDF2180 spike does not require MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 and antibodies developed against the MERS spike receptor-binding domain and S2 portion are ineffective in neutralizing the PDF2180 chimera. Finally, we found that the addition of exogenous trypsin also rescues HKU5-CoV, a second bat group 2c CoV. Together, these results indicate that proteolytic cleavage of the spike, not receptor binding, is the primary infection barrier for these two group 2c CoVs. Coupled with receptor binding, proteolytic activation offers a new parameter to evaluate the emergence potential of bat CoVs and offers a means to recover previously unrecoverable zoonotic CoV strains.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Overall, our studies demonstrate that proteolytic cleavage is the primary barrier to infection for a subset of zoonotic coronaviruses. Moving forward, the results argue that both receptor binding and proteolytic cleavage of the spike are critical factors that must be considered for evaluating the emergence potential and risk posed by zoonotic coronaviruses. In addition, the findings also offer a novel means to recover previously uncultivable zoonotic coronavirus strains and argue that other tissues, including the digestive tract, could be a site for future coronavirus emergence events in humans.
Green and blue emissions in phase-separated InGaN quantum wells (2013)

We have investigated temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of green and blue light-emitting InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells at different excitation powers. Two InGaN-related PL peaks centered at around 2.4 and 2.7 eV are assigned to quasi-quantum dot (QD) emissions (PD) and the InGaN matrix emission (PM), respectively, due to a strong phase separation confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In contrast to the S-shaped temperature-dependent behavior of the PM peak energy, the PD peak energy initially decreased and then increased with increasing temperature up to 300 K, indicating that the carriers within QDs relax to stronger localized states first and then are thermalized to higher levels with increasing temperature. Interestingly, it was found that with increasing temperature both the emission intensities initially increased and then decreased. This behavior was attributed to an increased carrier localization effect and then enhanced non-radiative recombination with increasing temperature; this was consistent with the temperature-related behavior of the emission energy. In addition, the temperature dependence of the intensity ratio of PM to PD further shows that the enhanced thermalization effect of the carriers inside the QDs with increasing temperature, resulted in the significant decrease of PD intensity relative to PM intensity.