gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time motion analytics during brain MRI improve data quality and reduce costs (2017)

Head motion systematically distorts clinical and research MRI data. Motion artifacts have biased findings from many structural and functional brain MRI studies. An effective way to remove motion artifacts is to exclude MRI data frames affected by head motion. However, such post-hoc frame censoring can lead to data loss rates of 50% or more in our pediatric patient cohorts. Hence, many scanner operators collect additional 'buffer data', an expensive practice that, by itself, does not guarantee sufficient high-quality MRI data for a given participant. Therefore, we developed an easy-to-setup, easy-to-use Framewise Integrated Real-time MRI Monitoring (FIRMM) software suite that provides scanner operators with head motion analytics in real-time, allowing them to scan each subject until the desired amount of low-movement data has been collected. Our analyses show that using FIRMM to identify the ideal scan time for each person can reduce total brain MRI scan times and associated costs by 50% or more.
Panacea (2012)

MapReduce has emerged as one of the most popular programming models for data parallel enterprise applications. Despite advances in runtime, the opportunities for optimizing MapReduce applications remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we present a framework for performing holistic compiler optimizations on legacy MapReduce applications. We have identified and implemented two optimizations and evaluated them with a set of Hadoop applications on a cluster of Xeon servers. Our experiments show that performance gains of more than 3X can be achieved without user involvement.
<title>Error diffusion using 2x2 color correction and increment matching</title> (1999)

Introduction of 2 X 2 centering can significantly reduce the number of dot patterns required in color calibration. As a result, local calibration can be performed using direct measurement and fast table lookup. In this paper, 2 X 2 calibration is applied to error diffusion. A novel concept for error diffusion is introduced. It matches the color increment instead of color. The concept makes integration of error diffusion and 2 X 2 calibration natural and free of causality issue.
Acousto‐optic modulation at gHz frequencies using integrated optic technology (1980)

Phase modulation of light guided in a thin film optical waveguide is produced by bulk acoustic waves propagating through the waveguide perpendicular to the optical wave. The principal advantages of this interaction for high frequency modulation are: (1) A wide choice of waveguide materials may be used and (2) Acoustic propagation takes place through a thin waveguide, thus attenuation does not limit performance until very high frequencies are reached. We describe the acoustic effect then show how it may be used to construct an integrated optic device which converts the phase modulation to amplitude modulation. This device integrates an interferometer structure with the thin film acoustic transducer on a silicon substrate. We have built the device and tested it.
Edge-Detection Based Fast Intra-Mode Selection for Depth Map Coding in 3D-HEVC (2019)

3D-High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) contains more encoding viewpoints than traditional HEVC, resulting in a significant increase of coding complexity. In this paper, we propose a low complexity intra-mode selection algorithm to reduce the number of intra-modes by detecting the flat area and texture direction of the depth map. The corresponding intra-prediction modes are skipped when the flat region condition is satisfied. Otherwise, the direction of the edge is detected to decrease the number of angle modes in RMD, which can reduce the intra-coding complexity and coding time cost. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves on average 36.48% time saving with negligible degradation of coding performance.
Chiral amino acid metabolomics for novel biomarker screening in the prognosis of chronic kidney disease (2016)

D-Amino acids, the enantiomers of L-amino acids, are increasingly recognized as novel biomarkers. Although the amounts of D-amino acids are usually very trace in human, some of them have sporadically been detected in blood from patients with kidney diseases. This study examined whether multiple chiral amino acids would be associated with kidney functions, comorbidities, and prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by enantioselective analyses of all chiral amino acids with a micro-two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatograph (2D-HPLC)-based analytical platform. 16 out of 21 D-amino acids were detected in plasma from 108 CKD patients in a longitudinal cohort. The levels of D-Ser, D-Pro, and D-Asn were strongly associated with kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration ratio), the levels of D-Ala and D-Pro were associated with age, and the level of D-Asp and D-Pro were associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus. D-Ser and D-Asn were significantly associated with the progression of CKD in mutually-adjusted Cox regression analyses; the risk of composite end point (developing to ESKD or death before ESKD) was elevated from 2.7- to 3.8-fold in those with higher levels of plasma D-Ser and D-Asn. These findings identified chiral amino acids as potential biomarkers in kidney diseases.
<i>CHK1</i> promoter polymorphism predicts survival in cancer (2008)

11053 Background: Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays an essential role in checkpoint control. After DNA damage it is activated and induces cell cycle arrest to allow DNA repair, thereby ensuring genomic integrity. However, CHK1 expression is altered in a variety of cancers. Thus, damaged DNA can accumulate which induces genomic instability. Since polymorphisms are known to influence gene expression, this study aimed to investigate whether a CHK1 promoter polymorphism is functional and influences the course of cancer. Methods: The -1143G>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified by systematic sequencing. Genotypes were determined in the normal population (n=315) as well as cancer samples and associated with survival in patients with urothelial (n=229) and mamma carcinoma (n=330). Functional analysis included reporter assays with the overexpressed transcription factor GABP. Genotype- dependent CHK1 expression was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Checkpoint activity according to the genotype was determined by damage assessment of metaphase chromosomes of cultured peripheral lymphocytes of healthy volunteers (n=27) after 1 Gy ionizing radiation. Results: Overall survival of patients with bladder cancer was dependent on the -1143G>T genotype (p=0.042). Patients carrying the homozygous T allele displayed a higher risk for death than G allele carriers (HR: 2.6; p=0.010). In patients with breast cancer, however, the G allele displayed the worst survival (p=0.017) and was associated with a higher risk for death (HR: 4.6; p=0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that the CHK1 SNP was an independent risk factor. Reporter assays showed an allele-dependent difference in the ability of GABP to bind to the CHK1 promoter with a stronger activity of the G allele (p=0.012). CHK1 expression in tumor tissues of bladder cancer patients with GG genotype was significantly increased (p=0.024). Furthermore, strongest G2 checkpoint activity was observed in GG genotype carriers as demonstrated by a reduced number of chromosome breaks following irradiation (p=0.003). Conclusions: The functional promoter SNP in CHK1 described here might serve as a molecular marker for survival of cancer patients. In addition, this polymorphism bears the potential to predict the response to irradiation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
α2-Macroglobulin Is a Mediator of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Glaucoma (2008)

Glaucoma is defined as a chronic and progressive optic nerve neuropathy, characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) that leads to irreversible blindness. Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor, but in glaucoma RGC death can persist after ocular hypertension is normalized. To understand the mechanism underlying chronic RGC death we identified and characterized a gene product, alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M), whose expression is up-regulated early in ocular hypertension and remains up-regulated long after ocular hypertension is normalized. In ocular hypertension retinal glia up-regulate alpha2M, which binds to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors in RGCs, and is neurotoxic in a paracrine fashion. Neutralization of alpha2M delayed RGC loss during ocular hypertension; whereas delivery of alpha2M to normal eyes caused progressive apoptosis of RGC mimicking glaucoma without ocular hypertension. This work adds to our understanding of the pathology and molecular mechanisms of glaucoma, and illustrates emerging paradigms for studying chronic neurodegeneration in glaucoma and perhaps other disorders.
Thermal degradation of polybis(<i>p</i>‐isopropylphenoxy)‐phosphazene (1978)

Abstract Polybis( p ‐isopropylphenoxy)phosphazene was treated thermally at 100, 135, 200, and 300°C. The resulting reductions in weight‐average molecular weights were monitored by gel‐permeation chromatography, and the experimental observations led to the adoption of a random chain‐scission model. An effective energy of activation and entropy of activation were calculated for the degradation process, and these values were found to be consistent with a random‐scission model. The analysis was, in part, based on a computer‐simulated first‐order degradation model. This polymer showed higher thermal stability than previously reported polyaryloxyphosphazenes.
Model based correction of Coriolis mass flowmeters (2002)

Coriolis mass flowmeters (CMF) are direct mass flowmeters and form a real mean along the flow profile. They do not exploit secondary physical properties of the specific liquid such as fluid velocity and fluid density in the measuring process but directly exploit the primary property inertia to measure mass flow. However, there is some evidence from field applications that the devices, in particular those using a single straight pipe, suffer from parameter variation. Therefore, the flowmeter has to be carefully adjusted with respect to physical properties of the liquid, operating conditions and site installation. When modeling the CMF using two oscillatory systems referring to the first and second mode, the mass flow enforces the coupling of these oscillatory systems. In the ideal case the coupling is only affected by the mass flow. Detailed analysis however reveals, that asymmetries in installation, sensors, actuators as well as pipe-inhomogeneities heavily contribute to this coupling and thus lead to a parameter variation. In the paper a model-based-approach is presented to identify the parameters of the model using an auxiliary excitation of the system.
Area scaling of planar ferromagnetic tunnel junctions: From shadow evaporation to lithographic microfabrication (1998)

In order to meet the requirements for applications in magnetoelectronics (e.g., read heads and magnetic random access memory), a processing scheme for micron-scale ferromagnetic tunnel junctions has been developed. A comparative study of junctions defined by shadow evaporation and by lithographic processing was made, where a similar resistance-area product of nearly 1 GΩ μm2 and a high tunnel magnetoresistance of up to 15% at room temperature were observed for Co/Al2O3/Ni80Fe20 junctions patterned by both methods. A bipolar sensor characteristic at zero field was realized by inducing anisotropies in the two ferromagnetic layers that are orthogonal to each other.
Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO) Downlink Beamforming Systems with Limited Feedback (2008)

This paper considers zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) MU-MIMO systems in which one stream is transmitted per user. Assuming no knowledge of other users' channel matrices, user terminals (UT) feedback the effective vector channel (not the full MIMO channel matrix) using channel vector quantization and a channel quality index (CQI) indicating its estimated receive signal-to-noise-ratio (SINR). Limited feedback causes residual multi-user interference at the UT, which otherwise would be removed completely by ZFBF. Consequently, neither the UT nor the base station has sufficient information to calculate SINR accurately making MU-MIMO design quite challenging. A blind CQI estimation at the UT is proposed which averages expected interference over all possible co-scheduled transmit beamformers, which is then corrected at the BS based on the actual transmit beamformers used. A joint method for receive beamformer design and channel codeword selection which optimizes received SINR is also presented. Link and system level results demonstrate performance gains compared to prior work.
Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in Pregnancy on Postpartum Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial (2017)

Health Research Council of New Zealand (11/318) and Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd.
Hydrogenated Poly(<i>p</i>-vinylphenol) for Microlithography (1996)

The characterization of partially hydrogenated poly(p-vinylphenol)s was carried out. By hydrogenation, oxidized sites of the polymers such as quinoid were reduced and the phenolic moiety was converted to cyclohexanolic structure. Accompanied with the structural changes, light transmittance was improved in a wide range of wavelength from visible to the deep-UV region. As the degree of hydrogenation increased, the alkali dissolution rate decreased, while the polymers showed very constant glass transition temperatures and etch durabilities to CF4/O2 plasma. These properties of hydrogenated poly(p-vinylphenol)s are considered to be suitable for a variety of photosensitive applications, especially photoresist materials for microlithography under deep-UV exposure.
Mathematical Modeling of Shale Swelling in Water-Based Muds (2012)

Abstract Historically, shale instability is a challenging issue when drilling reactive formations using water-based muds (WBM). Shale instability leads to shale sloughing, stuck pipe, and shale disintegration causing an increase in fines that affects the rate of penetration. To characterize shale instability, laboratory tests including Linear Swell Meter (LSM), shale-erosion and slake-durability are conducted in industry. These laboratory tests, under different flow conditions, provide shale-fluid interaction parameters which are indicative of shale instability. The composition of WBM is designed to optimize these interaction parameters, so that when used in the field the fluid helps achieve efficient drilling. This paper demonstrates modeling of shale-fluid interaction parameters obtained from the LSM test. In the standard LSM test, a laterally confined cylindrical shale sample is exposed to WBM at a specific temperature and its axial swelling is measured with time. The swelling reaches a plateau which is characterized by a shale-fluid interaction parameter called % final swelling volume (A). A typical LSM test runs for around 48–72 hours and many tests may be needed to optimize fluid composition. In this work, a method/model is developed to predict final swelling volume (A) as a function of the Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the shale and salt concentration in the fluid (prominent factors affecting shale swelling). An empirical model in the form of A = f(CEC)*f(salt) which describes the explicit dependence on the influencing variables is developed and validated for 16 different shale samples at various salt concentrations. This model would significantly reduce LSM laboratory trials saving time and money. It could also enable rig personnel to obtain quick measure of shale characteristics so that WBM composition could be adjusted immediately to avoid shale instability issues.
Comparison of Liquid Fuel/Air Mixing and NOx Emissions for a Tangential Entry Nozzle (1994)

An experimental program was conducted to develop a technique for designing a dry low NOx liquid fuel injection configuration for a tangential entry lean-premixed fuel nozzle. Calculations were performed to predict the effect of liquid fuel injection location, orifice size and spacing, and initial droplet size on the vaporized fuel/air mixture uniformity exiting the highly-swirled premixing nozzle. Combustion tests were conducted at pressures ranging from 10–18 atm, and inlet temperatures ranging from 650–730 K, for the different liquid fuel injection schemes analyzed from the mixing study. Liquid fuel injection configurations that were predicted to give the best fuel/air distribution generated the lowest levels of NOx. The calculated fuel/air uniformity was a weak function of the spatial density of liquid fuel injection sites and the method of injecting the liquid fuel. The injection location and initial droplet size have the greatest impacts on fuel/air uniformity. The analysis indicated that 40 micron diameter droplets mix adequately while larger droplets (80 micron) are centrifuged out of the main body of the flow and produce locally high fuel/air ratios. The NOx levels achieved for the best liquid fuel injection configuration approached those obtained for a well premixed gas fuel configuration using the same tangential entry nozzle.
WEAC: Word embeddings for anomaly classification from event logs (2017)

Dramatic progress has been made in the usage of semantic word embeddings for solving word analogy tasks in recent years. Word embeddings or vector representation of words has been the key to many advances in natural language processing. This paper presents a novel application of Word-Embeddings for Anomaly Classification (WEAC), where we detect whether an event log entry is an anomalous one or not. Additionally, WEAC helps us classify the anomaly by identifying the anomalous feature(s) in the event log. For example, an unusual network activity such as a store transaction server logging into dropbox.com would be automatically flagged as anomalous because of the wrong feature associations for entries in the corresponding event log. WEAC works with two training models: Skip-Gram (SG) and Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW). Negative sampling is used to boost the training. The initial results on wikipedia text8 dataset, as well as investigation on enterprise HTTP logs are promising. The model achieved an average detection rate of 65-100% and classification accuracy of 85-100%. The detection rate was superior to state-of-the-art anomaly detection techniques.
Methodische Aspekte zur photometrischen Bestimmung der Prothrombinzeit mittels chromogener Substrate (1986)

A method for photometric determination of prothrombin time (PT) with a chromogenic peptide as substrate is described. The reagent contains human placental thromboplastin, a chromogenic substrate, calcium, a heparin antagonist and buffer. The new prothrombin time method has been calibrated against international reference preparations for thromboplastin. The reagent is sensitive to deficiency of all coagulation factors of the extrinsic pathway. However, it is not sensitive for heparin up to 1 IU/ml. The precision of this fast and simple method is comparable to that of mechanised assays for clinical chemistry.
Comparative Studies of Nucleic Acid Hybridization Assay for Listeria in Foods (1988)

A nucleic acid hybridization assay has been developed for Listeria spp. in dairy foods and environmental samples. The assay is based on detection of unique Listeria 16S rRNA sequences by using a 32P-labeled synthetic DNA probe. Inclusivity and exclusivity of the probe were confirmed with 139 Listeria isolates representing all known species, and 73 non-Listeria bacterial strains. In this paper, we present results from our preliminary studies comparing the hybridization assay with conventional culture on a total of 575 specimens that represent a variety of inoculated and uninoculated foods and environmental samples. The assay, which is done in a filter manifold format after 2 days of cultural enrichment, requires a total assay time of less than 2.5 days. The false-negative rate for all sample groups tested using the GENE-TRAK hybridization assay was less than the rate for culture. Thus, the new assay allows rapid screening of the indicated product groups and provides reliable numerical results.
Evaluating strategies for foreign exchange risk reduction (2003)

Companies' risk due to foreign exchange (FX) rates can be reduced using market-based instruments. We have used the value-at-risk methodology to evaluate FX risk, and have developed a genetic algorithm-based optimization framework for evaluating different strategies. The best strategy is to hedge an identical percentage of each FX exposure.
Microwave measurements of stub tuners in two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides (2002)

The transmission spectra of photonic crystal stub-tuned waveguides created in the microwave region are measured. The photonic crystal is a two-dimensional square lattice of dielectric rods. The waveguides are formed by removing rods along a line or by creating a line of coupled cavities. Additional stub-tuning cavities are formed by removing rods or by replacing them with different diameter rods to stub tune the transmission properties of the waveguides. Depending on the cavity geometry, certain wavelengths can be reflected from the stub tuner creating a notch in the waveguide transmission with measured quality factors as high as 488.
Fluid flow vorticity measurement using laser beams with orbital angular momentum (2016)

Vorticity is one of the most important dynamic flow variables and is fundamental to the basic flow physics of many areas of fluid dynamics, including aerodynamics, turbulent flows and chaotic motion. We report on the direct measurements of fluid flow vorticity using a beam with orbital angular momentum that takes advantage of the rotational Doppler shift from microparticles intersecting the beam focus. Experiments are carried out on fluid flows with well-characterized vorticity and the experimental results are found to be in excellent agreement with the expected values. This method allows for localized real-time determination of vorticity in a fluid flow with three-dimensional resolution.
Investigation of a High-Through-Flow, Single-Stage Axial-Flow Compressor with Tip Clearance Increased 0.020 Inch and Rotor Tip Vortex Generators, Configuration 3.1. (1982)

Abstract : Complete experimental results are presented from tests of an axial compressor with rotor-mounted vortex generators. The design objectives were for a flow per unit frontal area of 39.7 1b/sec sq. ft., a total pressure ratio of 1.912 and a tip spread of 1500 ft/sec. These experimental results were achieved with one of a series of minor parametric modifications to the baseline compressor stage. No conclusions concerning the effects of these modifications will be drawn until the complete series of tests has been reported. (Author)
High speed FinFET domino logic circuits with independent gate-biased double-gate keepers providing dynamically adjusted immunity to noise (2007)

Scaling of single-gate bulk MOSFET faces great challenges in the nanometer regime due to the severe short-channel effects that cause an exponential increase in the subthreshold and gate-oxide leakage currents. Double-gate FinFET technology mitigates this limitation by the excellent control over a thin silicon body by two electrically coupled gates. In this paper a variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique using independent-gate FinFET technology is proposed for simultaneous power reduction and speed enhancement in domino logic circuits. The threshold voltage of a keeper transistor is dynamically modified during circuit operation to reduce contention current without sacrificing noise immunity. With the variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique the evaluation speed is enhanced by up to 55% while reducing power consumption by up to 57% as compared to a standard domino logic circuit designed for similar noise margin in a 32 nm FinFET technology.