gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Task-specific Word Identification from Short Texts Using a Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

Task-specific word identification aims to choose the task-related words that best describe a short text. Existing approaches require well-defined seed words or lexical dictionaries (e.g., WordNet), which are often unavailable for many applications such as social discrimination detection and fake review detection. However, we often have a set of labeled short texts where each short text has a task-related class label, e.g., discriminatory or non-discriminatory, specified by users or learned by classification algorithms. In this paper, we focus on identifying task-specific words and phrases from short texts by exploiting their class labels rather than using seed words or lexical dictionaries. We consider the task-specific word and phrase identification as feature learning. We train a convolutional neural network over a set of labeled texts and use score vectors to localize the task-specific words and phrases. Experimental results on sentiment word identification show that our approach significantly outperforms existing methods. We further conduct two case studies to show the effectiveness of our approach. One case study on a crawled tweets dataset demonstrates that our approach can successfully capture the discrimination-related words/phrases. The other case study on fake review detection shows that our approach can identify the fake-review words/phrases.
Selective formation of ethylene from CO2 by catalytic electrolysis at a three-phase interface (2004)

Abstract A new electrolysis system has been developed for the selective conversion of CO2 to ethylene in which the electrochemical reduction takes place at the three-phase (gas/liquid/solid) interface on a Cu-mesh electrode mediated with copper(I) halide in an aqueous solution of potassium halide. The conversion percentage of CO2 (initial volume: 577 cm3) reaches about 90% by the electrolysis with the electric charge of 8.9 kC, and the selectivity for C2H4 formation is about 75%. The selective conversion of CO2 to C2H4 is attributed to the immobilized copper(I) halide which operates as a heterogeneous catalyst by offering adsorption sites for reduction intermediates such as CO and carbene.
Anti-metastatic Semi-synthetic Sulfated Maltotriose C-C Linked Dimers. Synthesis and Characterisation (2012)

This manuscript describes the preparation and the spectroscopic characterisation of semi-synthetic sulfated maltotriose C-C linked dimers (SMTCs) where the natural C-O-C anomeric bond was substituted by one direct central C-C bond. This C-C bond induces conformation and flexibility changes with respect to the usual anomeric bond. SMTCs neutral precursors came from maltotriosyl bromide electroreduction through maltotriosyl radical intermediate dimerisation. The new C-C bond configuration, named for convenience α,α, α,β and β,β as the natural anomeric bond, dictated the statistic ratio formation of three diastereoisomers. They were separated by silica gel flash chromatography followed by semi preparative HPLC chromatography. Each diastereoisomer was exhaustively sulfated to afford the corresponding SMTCs. SMTCs were huge characterised by NMR spectroscopy which provided the sulfation degree, too. α,α and α,β were found quite homogeneous samples with a high degree of sulfation (85-95%). β,β appeared a non-homogeneous sample whose average sulfation degree was evaluated at around 78%. Mass spectroscopy experiments confirmed the sulfation degree range. Some considerations were proposed about SMTCs structure-biological properties.
Attractor-repeller approach for global placement (1999)

Traditionally, analytic placement has used linear or quadratic wirelength objective functions. Minimizing either formulation attracts cells sharing common signals (nets) together. The result is a placement with a great deal of overlap among the cells. To reduce cell overlap, the methodology iterates between global optimization and repartitioning of the placement area. In this work, we added new attractive and repulsive forces to the traditional formulation so that overlap among cells is diminished without repartitioning the placement area. The superiority of our approach stems from the fact that our new formulations are convex and no hard constraints are required. A preliminary version of the new placement method is tested using a set of MCNC benchmarks and, on average, the new method achieved 3.96% and 7.6% reduction in wirelength and CPU time compared to TimberWolf v7.0 in the hierarchical mode.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Motion Control during Investigation of Bottom Objects and Hard-to-Reach Areas (2010)

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Motion Control during Investigation of Bottom Objects and Hard-to-Reach Areas
Nutrition Support Nurse: Roles and Tasks (2020)

Nutrition care is important for patients' well-being. With legislation for reimbursement for nutrition support team activities from the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, this has increased the importance of nurses' role in nutrition. Nutrition support nurses (NSNs) focus on the optimization of nutritional health and prevention of nutrition-related illness and injury. NSN performs as an advanced practice nurse, a core member of a nutrition support team, an educator or consultant, a policy maker in nutrition care, and a researcher or a member of quality improvement. NSNs should develop their core competency to fulfill their roles in nutrition care and the need to participate in qualified nutrition support education programs. Further, the tasks and duties of NSNs should be specifically identified so that NSNs can fulfill their roles.
Reentrant structural phase transitions induced by external magnetic fields in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Lu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">PO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">VO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>crystals (1995)

In the framework of microscopic theory of structural phase transitions on the basis of the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, the phase diagrams of the ${\mathrm{Tm}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Lu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{PO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{VO}}_{4}$ crystals under external magnetic fields are calculated. It is shown that depending upon the concentration of the Jahn-Teller ions and the value of the magnetic field one, two, or none of the phase transitions take place. The results are in agreement with the earlier suggested theory of the stimulated cooperative Jahn-Teller effect and the experimental data on the giant magnetostriction and Raman scattering.
Reactivity of the Mn(III) and Mn(IV) Intermediates in the Permanganate/Oxalic Acid/Sulfuric Acid Reaction: Kinetic Determination of the Reducing Species (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of the Mn(III) and Mn(IV) Intermediates in the Permanganate/Oxalic Acid/Sulfuric Acid Reaction: Kinetic Determination of the Reducing SpeciesV. Pimienta, D. Lavabre, G. Levy, and J. C. MicheauCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 50, 13294–13299Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100101a031https://doi.org/10.1021/j100101a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Overview on ESD Protection Designs of Low-Parasitic Capacitance for RF ICs in CMOS Technologies (2011)

CMOS technology has been widely used to implement radio-frequency integrated circuits (RF ICs). However, the thinner gate oxide in nanoscale CMOS technology seriously degrades the electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness of RF ICs. Therefore, on-chip ESD protection designs must be added at all input/output pads in RF circuits against ESD damages. To minimize the impacts from ESD protection circuit on RF performances, ESD protection circuit at input/output pads must be carefully designed. An overview on ESD protection designs with low parasitic capacitance for RF circuits in CMOS technology is presented in this paper. The comparisons among these ESD protection designs are also discussed. With the reduced parasitic capacitance, ESD protection circuit can be easily combined or co-designed with RF circuits. As the operating frequencies of RF circuits increase, on-chip ESD protection designs for RF applications will continuously be an important design task.
Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Subjected to High Axial Loading (2000)

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Telephone triage improves demand management effectiveness. (1998)

Telephone triage, or telephone advice counseling, is becoming a key managed care point-of-entry tool for patients and health plan members accessing the health system. Telephone triage functions as a logical front-end for health plans, integrated physician groups, or integrated delivery systems that want to shift their managed care efforts toward demand management. Key components of telephone triage include patient education, patient information, and guided access to appropriate care. Telephone triage generally requires 24-hour staffing by registered nurses and a computer software package based on either clinical protocols or clinical algorithms. Organizations can either install an in-house system or purchase this service from a vendor, health plan, or another provider. The decision to develop a telephone triage service in-house or to out-source it is determined largely by volume and the user's strategy for moving to successive levels of risk management.
Linking hypoxia, DNA damage and proliferation in multicellular tumor spheroids (2017)

Tumor spheroids mimic tumor microenvironments such as the anoxic, hypoxic and oxic niches within solid tumors, as well as populations of cells that are viable, proliferating, and undergoing DNA damage repair processes under these different micro-environmental conditions. ATM, but not ATR, is the primary kinase responsible for γ-H2AX formation in the hypoxic core of A673 spheroids. Spheroids could offer unique advantages in testing therapeutics designed to target malignant cells that evade conventional treatment strategies by adapting to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
Antigen‐Antibody Binding Kinetics for Biosensors: The Fractal Dimension and the Binding Rate Coefficient (1995)

The diffusion-limited binding kinetics of antigen (or antibody or substrate) in solution to antibody (or antigen or enzyme) immobilized on a biosensor surface is analyzed within a fractal framework. The change in the fractal dimension, Df, is in the same direction as that in the forward binding rate coefficient, k1. An increase or decrease in the fractal dimension, Df leads to an increase or decrease in the forward binding rate coefficient, k1, respectively, irrespective of whether the antigen or the antibody is immobilized on the biosensor surface. For example, an increase in the concentration of IgG (MRC OX-19) (antigen) in solution from 1 to 10 micrograms/mL bound to polyclonal sheep anti-mouse IgG (antibody) immobilized on immunomagnetic beads leads to decreases in Df from 1.93 to 0.517 and in k1 from 2.72 to 0.064, respectively. The different examples analyzed and presented together indicate one means by which the forward binding rate coefficient, k1, may be controlled, that is, by changing the fractal dimension or the disorder on the surface. The versatility of the analysis is indicated by applying it to different examples for both types of systems, wherein either the antigen or antibody is immobilized on the surface. The analysis should assist in improving the stability, sensitivity, and response time of biosensors.
The Hybrid Method of VMD‐PSR‐SVD and Improved Binary PSO‐KNN for Fault Diagnosis of Bearing (2019)

Fault diagnosis of bearing based on variational mode decomposition (VMD)‐phase space reconstruction (PSR)‐singular value decomposition (SVD) and improved binary particle swarm optimization (IBPSO)‐K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) which is abbreviated as VPS‐IBPSOKNN is presented in this study, among which VMD‐PSR‐SVD (VPS) is presented to obtain the features of the bearing vibration signal (BVS), and IBPSO is presented to select the parameter K of KNN. In IBPSO, the calculation of the next position of each particle is improved to fit the evolution of the particles. The traditional KNN with different parameter K and trained by the training samples with the features based on VMD‐SVD (VS‐KNN) can be used to compare with the proposed VPS‐IBPSOKNN method. The experimental result demonstrates that fault diagnosis ability of bearing of VPS‐IBPSOKNN is better than that of VS‐KNN, and it can be concluded that fault diagnosis of bearing based on VPS‐IBPSOKNN is effective.
Monoclonal antibody-based discrepancies between two-site immunometric tests for lutropin (1991)

We compared five two-site immunometric assays (including three commercially available kits) for measuring lutropin (LH) in serum. Four of the assays involved monoclonal antibodies directed against the alpha-beta dimer, intact LH; these assays measured significantly lower concentrations of LH in 19 (out of 83) samples than did a commercial method not involving such antibodies. In five serum samples, two of the intact LH assays failed to detect any significant immunoreactivity above the detection limit. Findings of normal in vitro LH bioactivity in these samples did not confirm the low immunoreactivity of the intact LH assays. The inability of these assays to detect bioactive LH creates confusion in daily, routine testing as well as in research monitoring of bio/immuno ratios. The data presented here confirm our previous findings (Clin Chem 1991;37:333-40) and emphasize the need to avoid the use of monoclonal antibodies specific for the intact LH dimer.
Synthesis of (−)-Noviose from 2,3-<i>O</i>-Isopropylidene-<scp>d</scp>-erythronolactol (2004)

Noviose is a key synthon for the construction of novobiocin, a clinically useful antitumor agent that has been shown to inhibit both type II topoisomerases and Hsp90. The synthesis of d-noviose from 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-erythronolactol is described.
DELAY-DEPENDENT ROBUST CONTROL OF DESCRIPTOR SYSTEMS WITH TIME DELAY (2008)

This paper deals with the problem of stability and robust control for both certain and uncertain continuous-time singular systems with state delay. Systems with norm-bounded parameter uncertainties are considered. Robust delay-dependent stability criteria and linear memoryless state feedback controllers based on linear matrix inequality are obtained. By choosing some Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, neither model transformation nor bounding for cross terms is required in the derivation of our delay-dependent results. Finally, numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Anti-viral properties of interferon beta treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (2002)

Viral infections are potentially associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been speculated that the treatment efficacy of interferon beta (IFN beta) in MS may relate to its anti-viral properties. The study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo anti-viral effects of IFN beta-1a in patients with MS. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) was studied as an example for being a latent neurotropic virus. IFN beta used at concentrations of approximately 0.5 microg/ml was shown to significantly reduce in vitro HHV-6 replication in a susceptible T-cell line. Sera derived from 23 MS patients treated with IFN beta-1a were examined for serum cell-free DNA of HHV-6 as an indicator for viral replication and the reactivity of IgM antibodies to a recombinant HHV-6 virion protein containing a known immunoreactive region. The results were compared with those of control sera obtained from untreated MS (n=29) and healthy individuals (n=21). The findings indicated that IFN beta treatment significantly reduced HHV-6 replication as evident by decreased cell-free DNA in treated MS specimens. The results correlated with decreased IgM reactivity to the HHV-6 antigen in treated MS patients compared to untreated controls, suggesting reduced exposure to HHV-6. The findings were confirmed in paired sera obtained from seven MS patients before and after the treatment The study provides new evidence indicating that IFN beta has potent in vivo anti-viral effects that may contribute to the treatment efficacy in MS.
Transient aggregation of nascent thyroglobulin in the endoplasmic reticulum: relationship to the molecular chaperone, BiP. (1992)

Because of its unusual length, nascent thyroglobulin (Tg) requires a long time after translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to assume its mature tertiary structure. Thus, Tg is an ideal molecule for the study of protein folding and export from the ER, and is an excellent potential substrate for molecular chaperones. During the first 15 min after biosynthesis, Tg is found in transient aggregates with and without interchain disulfide bonds, which precede the formation of free monomers (and ultimately dimers) within the ER. By immunoprecipitation, newly synthesized Tg was associated with the binding protein (BiP); association was maximal at the earliest chase times. Much of the Tg released from BiP by the addition of Mg-ATP was found in aggregates containing interchain disulfide bonds; other BiP-associated Tg represented non-covalent aggregates and unfolded free monomers. Importantly, the immediate precursor to Tg dimer was a compact monomer which did not associate with BiP. The average stoichiometry of BiP/Tg interaction involved nearly 10 BiP molecules per Tg molecule. Cycloheximide was used to reduced the ER concentration of Tg relative to chaperones, with subsequent removal of the drug in order to rapidly restore Tg synthesis. After this treatment, nascent Tg aggregates were no longer detectable. The data suggest a model of folding of exportable proteins in which nascent polypeptides immediately upon translocation into the ER interact with BiP. Early interaction with BiP may help in presenting nascent polypeptides to other helper molecules that catalyze folding, thereby preventing aggregation or driving aggregate dissolution in the ER.
Microstructure investigations of hcp phase CoPt thin films with high coercivity (2014)

CoPt films have been grown in the past with a high anisotropy in L11 or L10 phase, and a high coercivity is observed only in L10 CoPt films. Recently, we have grown CoPt films which exhibited a high coercivity without exhibiting an ordered phase. In this study, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations have been carried out to understand the strong thickness and deposition pressure dependent magnetic properties. HRTEM studies revealed the formation of an initial growth layer in a metastable hexagonal (hcp) CoPt with high anisotropy. This phase is believed to be aided by the heteroepitaxial growth on Ru as well as the formation of Ru-doped CoPt phase. As the films grew thicker, transformation from hcp phase to an energetically favourable face-centered cubic (fcc) phase was observed. Stacking faults were found predominantly at the hcp-fcc transformation region of the CoPt film. The higher coercivity of thinner CoPt film is attributed to relatively less fcc fraction, less stacking faults, and to the isolated grain structure of these films compared to the thicker films.
New method for measuring ultrawide frequency response of optical detectors (1982)

We propose a simple method which allows for a direct measure of the frequency response of photodetectors up to very high frequencies and avoids some of the problems inherent in the standard time-domain or frequency-domain measurements. This method is based on the detection of the tunable beat frequency obtained by superimposing the EM fields of two monomode semiconductor lasers.
Differences in the Fitness of Two Diverse Wild-Type Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates Are Related to the Efficiency of Cell Binding and Entry (2005)

The ability of one primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate to outcompete another in primary CD4+ human lymphoid cells appears to be mediated by the efficiency of host cell entry. This study was designed to test the role of entry on fitness of wild-type HIV-1 isolates (e.g., replicative capacity) and to examine the mechanism(s) involved in differential entry efficiency. The gp120 coding regions of two diverse HIV-1 isolates (the more-fit subtype B strain, B5-91US056, and less-fit C strain, C5-97ZA003) were cloned into a neutral HIV-1 backbone by using a recently described yeast cloning technique. The fitness of the primary B5 HIV-1 isolates and its env gene cloned into the NL4-3 laboratory strain had similar fitness, and both were more fit than the C5 primary isolate and its env/NL4-3 chimeric counterpart. Increased fitness of the B5 over C5 virus was mediated by the gp120 coding region of the env gene. An increase in binding/fusion, as well as decreased sensitivity to entry inhibitors (PSC-RANTES and T-20), was observed in cell fusion assays mediated by B5 gp120 compared to C5 gp120. Competitive binding assays using a novel whole virus-cell system indicate that the primary or chimeric B5 had a higher avidity for CD4/CCR5 on host cells than the C5 counterpart. This increased avidity of an HIV-1 isolate for its cell receptors may be a significant factor influencing overall replicative capacity or fitness.