gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hollow core fibres for data transmission (2016)

Optical fibre technology plays an ever increasing role in modern society, enabling for example the global intemet and communication systems that most of the world now takes for granted, and more recently, providing a new generation of high power laser devices that are finding ever more uses across an increasingly wide range of manufacturing, scientific and medical applications. After more than 50 years of continuous development, and the enormous commercial uptake of fibre technology, it is perhaps surprising that there is much left to discover and improve. However, to the contrary, many would contend that we are currently in a golden period for optical fibre research, with several new forms of fibre under development and many intriguing device and application opportunities emerging.
B10 cell regulation of health and disease (2014)

While B cells are traditionally regarded as promoters of the immune response via antibody secretion and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recent studies have also confirmed an important role for B-cell-mediated negative regulation of immunity. Tremendous advances in the characterization of the mechanisms by which regulatory B cells function has led to the identification of a novel subset of regulatory B cells known as B10 cells, which regulate immune responses through the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). B10 cells are best defined by their functional ability to produce IL-10, as they are not confined to any particular phenotypic subset. B10 cells function in an antigen-specific manner that requires cognate interactions with T cells in vivo to regulate immune responses and have been demonstrated to be potent regulators of allergic and autoimmune disease, cancer, infection, and transplant rejection. Importantly, the recent discovery of human B10 cells has accelerated this field to the forefront of clinical research where the possibility of harnessing the regulatory potential of B10 cells for treatment of aberrant immune responses and diseases may become feasible.
Indoor localization using controlled ambient sounds (2012)

Audio-based receiver localization in indoor environments has multiple applications including indoor navigation, location tagging, and tracking. Public places like shopping malls and consumer stores often have loudspeakers installed to play music for public entertainment. Similarly, office spaces may have sound conditioning speakers installed to soften other environmental noises. We discuss an approach to leverage this infrastructure to perform audio-based localization of devices requesting localization in such environments, by playing barely audible controlled sounds from multiple speakers at known positions. Our approach can be used to localize devices such as smart-phones, tablets and laptops to sub-meter accuracy. The user does not need to carry any specialized hardware. Unlike acoustic approaches which use high-energy ultrasound waves, the use of barely audible (low energy) signals in our approach poses very different challenges. We discuss these challenges, how we addressed those, and experimental results on two prototypical implementations: a request-play-record localizer, and a continuous tracker. We evaluated our approach in a real world meeting room and report promising initial results with localization accuracy within half a meter 94% of the time. The system has been deployed in multiple zones in our office building and is used on a regular basis.
Activated carbon clogging analysis in an integration of constructed wetland with microbial fuel cell (2018)

Constructed wetland (CW) is a low cost and easy operation process for wastewater treatment, while filler clogging is one of the disadvantages for this technology. Using activated carbon as the filler, a regular CW and an integration of constructed wetland with microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) were constructed. After continuous operation of four months, specific surface area and pore size distribution of the activated carbon were analyzed. The specific surface area of the fresh activated carbon was 133.8 m 2 /g, while the filler in the CW and CW-MFC systems had specific surface area of 38.1 m 2 /g and 58.2 m 2 /g. The surface decrease of the CW-MFC filler was 21% lower than that of CW filler. Comparing with the regular CW, the filler in the CW-MFC was more clogging resistant. The alleviation of the filler clogging in CW-MFC may be caused by the micro-electric field as the function of MFC. CW-MFC is a promising microbial electrochemical technology for wastewater treatment and filler clogging resistant, there are some detailed issues deserve to be further researched.
Sliced data structure for particle-based simulations on GPUs (2007)

We present a sliced data structure that is effective for use in neighboring particle search for particle-based simulations. In this method, a grid is dynamically constructed to fit to a particle distribution. Rather than computing the grid to fit perfectly to the particle distribution, it compute a grid with some margin to the distribution. This lowers the computation cost of constructing the data structure. Before storing particle indices on a grid, key values which are used to compute the index of a voxel are calculated. The proposed data structure can be introduced into particle-based simulations that run entirely on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) because the construction of this data structure and access to storing values can also be also performed entirely on the GPU. The proposed data structure removes the restriction of a computation region with a fixed grid and makes it possible to simulate particle motions over a larger area. Moreover, the cost of the proposed method is low enough for use in real-time applications. In this paper, we first introduce the sliced data structure and then describe its implementation on the GPU. Finally, we apply the propsed method to particle-based simulations and present its quantitative evaluations.
MixMeetWear (2016)

We present MixMeetWear, a smartwatch application that allows users to maintain awareness of the audio and visual content of a meeting while completing other tasks. Users of the system can listen to the audio of a meeting and also view, zoom, and pan webcam and shared content keyframes of other meeting participants' live streams in real time. Users can also provide input to the meeting via speech-to-text or predefined responses. A study showed that the system is useful for peripheral awareness of some meetings.
Self renewal, expansion, and transfection of rat spermatogonial stem cells in culture (2005)

The use of a transgenic line of rats that express enhanced GFP (EGFP) exclusively in the germ line has allowed a separation of feeder layers and contaminating testis somatic cells from germ cells and the identification of a set of spermatogonial stem cell marker transcripts. With these molecular markers as a guide, we have now devised culture conditions where rat spermatogonial stem cells renew and proliferate in culture with a doubling time between 3 and 4 days. The marker transcripts increase in relative abundance as a function of time in culture, and the stem cells retain competency to colonize and develop into spermatids after transplantation to the testes of recipient rats. The cells also remain euploid after at least 12 passages. Cell lines could be isolated and cryopreserved and, upon subsequent thawing, continue to self renew. Transfection of the spermatogonial stem cells with a plasmid containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) selectable marker resulted in selection of G418-resistant cell lines that effectively colonize recipient testes, suggesting that gene targeting is now feasible in the rat.
Development and Application of Fish Growth Hormone Gene (Abstract) (1999)

Growth hormone is a member of a family composed of prolactin, somatolactin, and placental lactogen. It is synthesized, produced, and stored by pituitary somatotroph cells. The secreted growth hormone stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factors which mediate many of its growth-promoting effects. In this study we cloned growth hormone genes from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), grouper (Epinephelus awoara) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). With high homology and similarity, the putative growth hormone polypeptides contain 209, 205 and 211 amino acids respectively. Two functional recombinant GHs were expressed from E coli expression system. By inserting the zebrafish GH gene promoter region to pEGFP-1 vector, we analyzed the promoter activity by introducing the constructs into a rat pituitary cell line and zebrafish embryos. Through the fluorescent microscope, green fluorescent protein expression in the developmental stages of transgenic embryos was observed. To identify the timing and spacing of growth hormone expression during embryogenesis, whole mount in situ hybridization was also performed. As a result, growth hormone mRNA was detected as early as 1-cell and 4-cell stages. In pharyngula period, growth hormone was detected in the otic capsule and forehead region. The result of RT-PCR also showed that growth hormone expression was detected in the mature ovary, somite-stage embryos and hatched larvae. For making growth faster transgenic fish, we transferred a plasmid DNA containing carp b-actin promoter and rainbow rout growth hormone cDNA into farmed ayu by sperm-electroporation method. After five-month culture, the existence of transferred DNA was detected by PCR with specific primers in extracted genomic DNA from caudal fin tissue. The mosaic expressions of transgene were detected from gill, caudal fin, liver, brain and muscle. The growth promotion performance was indicated by 2 fold of body weight and 1.3 fold of body length.
Methods for the detection and serum depletion of porcine galectin‐3 (2017)

Methods have been developed for the detection and depletion of porcine Gal-3. These methods will be used to study the specific effects of Gal-3 depletion via apheresis in porcine models of disease.
Low-noise operation and magnetic-priming of magnetrons by azimuthally-varying axial magnetic fields (2006)

A recent breakthrough at the University of Michigan has demonstrated that application of an azimuthally-varying axial magnetic field to a magnetron causes a dramatic reduction (-30 dB) in the microwave noise near the carrier and elimination of the sidebands (spurs). Another advantage of azimuthally-varying axial magnetic fields is "magnetic priming" in which the magnetron pi-mode oscillation-startup is hastened, especially when N/2 periods of magnetic perturbation are applied to an N-cavity magnetron. These experiments have been performed on kW microwave oven magnetrons. Computational simulations have also been performed in both 2-D and 3-D that verify the effects on rapid startup and noise observed experimentally.
An Approach To Enhance Specificity against RNA Targets Using Heteroconjugates of Aminoglycosides and Chloramphenicol (or Linezolid) (2004)

We describe the design and synthesis of new heterodimeric conjugates, which are comprised of a neomycin B (Neo) stem-binding component and a chloramphenicol (Cam) or linezolid (Lnz) loop-binding component. Some of the heterodimeric conjugates display enhanced affinities to RNA targets and that binding occurs in both stem and loop regions of the RNA. In addition, the results of foot-printing and mutation studies suggest that the enhanced binding affinity of the conjugates is RNA sequence-specific.
Enhanced proteasomal degradation of mutant human thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) in mammalian cells (1999)

Inheritance of the TPMT*2, TPMT*3A and TPMT*3C mutant alleles is associated with deficiency of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity in humans. However, unlike TPMT*2 and TPMT*3A, the catalytically active protein coded by TPMT*3C does not undergo enhanced proteo-lysis when heterologously expressed in yeast, making it unclear why this common mutant allele should be associated with inheritance of TPMT-deflciency. To further elucidate the mechanism for TPMT deficiency associated with these alleles, we characterized TPMT proteolysis following heterologous expression of wild-type and mutant proteins in mammalian cells. When expressed in COS-1 cells, proteins encoded by TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, and TPMT*3C cDNAs had significantly reduced steady-state levels and shorter degradation half-lives compared with the wild-type protein. Similarly, in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL), these mutant TPMT proteins were degraded significantly faster than the wild-type protein. Thus, enhanced proteolysis of TPMT*3C protein in mammalian cells is in contrast to its stability in yeast, but consistent with TPMT-deficiency in humans. Proteolysis was ATP-dependent and sensitive to proteasomal inhibitors MG115, MG132 and lactacystin, but not to calpain inhibitor II. We conclude that all of these mutant TPMT proteins undergo enhanced proteolysis in mammalian cells, through an ATP-dependent proteasomal pathway, leading to low or undetectable levels of TPMT protein in humans who inherit these mutant alleles.
Catalyst rejuvenation technology and economics (1995)

One of the major factors in the economics of residue hydroprocessing is the cost of catalyst. Catalyst replacement cost in Hydrocarbon Research, Inc.`s (HRI) H-Oil{reg_sign} Process is set by a number of factors, including the feedrate, processing objectives, and feedstock type. At a given level of process performance, the catalyst replacement rate is primarily set by the rate of catalyst deactivation resulting from contaminant metals in the feedstock depositing on the catalyst surface. This is especially true as the metals content of the feedstock increases. In the recent years, interest in processing high metals feedstock has increased. For example, HRI has recently designed a new H-Oil{reg_sign} Process unit for PEMEX in Mexico, where the metals content of the design feedstock is in excess of 700 wppm. Regeneration of used hydroprocessing catalysts, through controlled oxidation of the coke deposited on the catalyst, is a common practice in the refining industry. Activity can be restored to almost fresh catalyst activity level when the primary contaminant is coke. If there is a significant amount of metal contaminants on the catalyst, regeneration alone is not effective in restoring catalyst activity. Oxidation is unable to remove contaminant metals. HRI has developed and patented a washingmore » procedure to remove the contaminant metals. A dilute acid wash (to remove metals), in conjunction with conventional regeneration (to remove coke), can restore high levels of catalyst activity of spent catalysts with high levels of metal contaminants. The combination of acid washing and controlled oxidation forms the basis of HRI`s Catalyst Rejuvenation Technology.« less
<title>Image coding using parallel implementations of the embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm</title> (1996)

We explore here the implementation of Shapiro's embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) image coding algorithms on an array of parallel processors. To this end, we first consider the problem of parallelizing the basic wavelet transform, discussing past work in this area and the compatibility of that work with the zerotree coding process. From this discussion, we present a parallel partitioning of the transform which is computationally efficient and which allows the wavelet coefficients to be coded with little or no additional inter-processor communication. The key to achieving low data dependence between the processors is to ensure that each processor contains only entire zerotrees of wavelet coefficients after the decomposition is complete. We next quantify the rate-distortion tradeoffs associated with different levels of parallelization for a few variations of the basic coding algorithm. Studying these results, we conclude that the quality of the coder decreases as the number of parallel processors used to implement it increases. Noting that the performance of the parallel algorithm might be unacceptably poor for large processor arrays, we also develop an alternate algorithm which always achieves the same rate-distortion performance as the original sequential EZW algorithm at the cost of higher complexity and reduced scalability.
Advanced Nanocluster Ion Source Based on High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering and Time-Resolved Measurements of Nanocluster Formation (2013)

We developed a new nanocluster (NC) ion source based on the high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique coupled with a gas flow cell reactor. Silver NC anions (Ag(n)(-)) with a maximum intensity of 5.5 nA (Ag11(-)) are generated with the size ranging from the atomic anion to the 70-mer, which is well-controlled by simply adjusting the peak power and repetition rate of the HiPIMS. By time-resolved density profiles of Ag(n)(-), we find that the ion beam generated by HiPIMS is characterized by individual 100 ms duration "bunches" below a repetition rate of 10 Hz, which is well-thermalized with a group velocity of 5 m/s. The high intensity of the NCs is attributable to the high ionization fraction by this HiPIMS ion source, while the underlying mechanism of the flexible size tuning of the ion source is understood by time-resolved mass spectrometry coupled with the sequential growth mechanism; the increment of the density of the target species in the bunches with the peak power and the overlapping of the bunches with the repetition rate cause the formation of large NCs.
Graph-Based Transforms for Video Coding (2020)

In many state-of-the-art compression systems, signal transformation is an integral part of the encoding and decoding process, where transforms provide compact representations for the signals of interest. This paper introduces a class of transforms called graph-based transforms (GBTs) for video compression, and proposes two different techniques to design GBTs. In the first technique, we formulate an optimization problem to learn graphs from data and provide solutions for optimal separable and nonseparable GBT designs, called GL-GBTs. The optimality of the proposed GL-GBTs is also theoretically analyzed based on Gaussian-Markov random field (GMRF) models for intra and inter predicted block signals. The second technique develops edge-adaptive GBTs (EA-GBTs) in order to flexibly adapt transforms to block signals with image edges (discontinuities). The advantages of EA-GBTs are both theoretically and empirically demonstrated. Our experimental results show that the proposed transforms can significantly outperform the traditional Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT).
Low-Dielectric-Constant Polyimide Fibers (1994)

In experiments performed at NASA Langley Research Center, low-dielectric-constant polyimide fibers produced by use of resin extrusion. These fibers also have high thermal stability and good tensile properties. Useful in industrial and aerospace applications in which fibers required to have dielectric constants less than 3, high thermal stability, and tensile properties in range of those of standard textile fibers. Potential applications include use in printed circuit-boards and in aircraft composites.
Identification of a shrimp-derived allergen as tRNA. (1987)

During an attempt to isolate shrimp allergens, evidence was obtained that shrimp ribonucleic acid was capable of eliciting a specific IgE response in man and an experimental animal model system. The shrimp ribonucleic acid was extracted from boiled whole shrimp (Peneaus indicus), and was isolated by salt precipitation and sequential chromatography over DEAE-Sephacel and BioGel P-100. The allergenic material was identified as a ribonucleic acid based on the following criteria: a maximal absorption at 258 nm, failure to stain positively with Coomassie Brilliant Blue on slab gel electrophoresis, positive staining with ethidium bromide, co-migration with yeast tRNA on submerged gel electrophoresis in 1.5% Agarose M, and sensitivity to ribonuclease T2 and 0.3 M NaOH. Treatment with protease did not alter its allergenic activity. The RNA was capable of binding allergen-specific IgE in sera from two shrimp-sensitive patients, as demonstrated by microELISA and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) using antigen-coated nitrocellulose filter paper discs and purified 125I-labeled goat anti-human IgE. RNA isolated from shrimp by a conventional tRNA isolation procedure also had the ability to specifically bind IgE in the sera of shrimp-sensitive patients. IgE antibodies to shrimp RNA did not recognize yeast tRNA or salmon testes DNA, and were not detected in sera of other subjects. The shrimp-derived RNA was further able to induce a reaginic response in mice. A combination of in vitro aminoacylation of shrimp tRNA and SPRIA resulted in the identification of the allergenic tRNA as tRNA(Tyr) and tRNA(Arg). Thus, shrimp tRNA is capable of inducing a specific IgE response in man.
Improved Procedure for the Detritylation of DMT-Oligonucleotides: Use of Dowex® (1995)

Abstract Dowex® resin (H+ form) is a convenient reagent for detritylation of 5′-O-DMT-oligonucleotides. With Dowex, detritylation is rapid and quantitative compared to that with acetic acid. As the liberated dimethoxytrityl species remain bonded to the resin, further processing of oligonucleotides is simplified.
Tissue factor interactions with factor VII (1995)

Certain epidemiological studies have implicated elevated factor VII coagulant activity as a risk factor for ischaemia heart disease. However, progress in understanding the clinical significance of elevated plasma factor VII levels has been hampered by: (1) differences between laboratories in the methodology for measuring factor VII; (2) the existence of multiple forms of factor VII in plasma (i.e. factor VIIa, zymogen factor VII, and a possible phospholipase-sensitive form of factor VII); (3) the resulting uncertainty regarding what is actually being measured in factor VII coagulant assays. Recent mutagenesis studies of tissue factor (the obligate protein cofactor for factor VIIa) have led to new assay technologies capable of quantifying trace levels of plasma factor VIIa without interference from zymogen factor VII. This review article focuses on the current status of measurement of plasma factor VII/VIIa levels and the relationship between various plasma forms of factor VII and risk of thrombotic disease.
Tunable and Latchable Liquid Microlens with Photopolymerizable Components (2003)

A novel liquid microlens with photopolymerizable components is described (see Figure). When the lens is in liquid form, both its position and curvature can be reversibly tuned through electrowetting. After the liquid microlens is precisely aligned on the substrate, it is exposed to UV light to initiate polymerization and thus lock its position and shape.
Cardiac Condition Monitoring through Photoplethysmogram Signal Denoising Using Wearables: Can We Detect Coronary Artery Disease with Higher Performance Efficacy? (2016)

For affordable cardiac health monitoring, it is required to ensure accurate cardiac condition detection from smartphone or wearable-extracted photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals through precise identification, and removal of signal corruption. Presence of noise particularly due to motion artifacts strongly impacts the outcome of analysis. We establish that denoising of PPG signal would pave ways for better clinical prediction than analyzing the signal in presence of noise. In this paper, we prove that analyzing on cleaned (denoised) PPG signal yields significant performance efficacy improvement while performing Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) identification. The proposed method is independent on the clinical analytics and CAD detection is considered to be a use case to justify our claim that physiological signal pre-processing, specifically denoising can substantially improve the overall performance effectiveness and clinical utility.