gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode-matched MEMS Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes: Myth or reality? (2016)

The majority of commercial MEMS gyroscopes are operated in a mode-split condition where the drive and sense modes are intentionally mismatched in frequency, thus prioritizing gain stability and allowing for wide bandwidth but often sacrificing the noise density. In mode-matched operation, the gyroscope gain depends on sense-mode Q-factor, which improves the noise and scale-factor of MEMS gyroscopes. The scale-factor and offset stability over environment, however, also depend on the frequency matching, calling for the development of a mode-matching loop. Here we proposed a mode-matching loop which relies on monitoring the Coriolis channel output in response to the quadrature electrode dither. We have experimentally demonstrated an order of magnitude improvement in in-run bias instability and stress sensitivity when the mode-matching loop was employed, demonstrating a path towards mode-matched MEMS gyroscope with low-noise, wide measurement bandwidth, and offset stability over environment.
Effects of Channel Models and Rake Receiving Process on UWB-IR System Performance (2007)

In ultra-wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR) systems, multipath-delayed received pulses may overlap if two consecutive multipaths arrive within less than the pulse duration. This condition makes it nontrivial for the Rake receiver to capture enough multipath energies for reliable communications. In this paper, we study in detail the effects of channel models and Rake receiving process on the performance of UWB-IR systems. Specifically, we consider T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> - and T-spaced channel models and different Rake receiver implementations to maximize the captured signal energy, where we discuss their validity for real system considerations. Also, we show that code shift keying (CSK) impulse modulation can achieve about 1 dB performance gain over conventional pulse position modulation (PPM) when there is pulse overlapping, as it randomizes pulse transmit locations as opposed to fixed pulse transmit locations used by PPM.
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 3-[(substituted-carbonyl)amino]-2H-1-benzopyrans (1992)

The synthesis and antihypertensive activity of a series of novel 3-[(substituted-carbonyl)amino]-2H-1-benzopyran-4-ols, administered orally to spontaneously hypertensive rats, are described. Optimum activity in this series was observed for compounds with branched alkyl or branched alkylamino groups flanking the carbonyl or thiocarbonyl group (21, 31-33), which were approximately equipotent to cromakalim. Replacement of the 4-hydroxyl group by hydrogen, methoxy, or amino in this series only led to a slight reduction in potency. These observations are in marked contrast to the structure-activity relationships previously found for the 4-amidobenzopyran-3-ols. The antihypertensive activity of representative compounds 15 and 33 was attempted by preatreatment with glibenclamide, and thus these compounds may belong to the series of drugs which have been classified as potassium channel activators.
Leveraging 3D Benefits for Authentication (2017)

Devices with 3D capabilities are quickly gaining in popularity. In this paper, we propose to bring authentication into the third dimension. We define the concept of a 3D authentication scheme based on physical and psychological advantages of 3D. We implement an example of 3D authentication: 3DPass, to demonstrate the superiority of the 3D approach. Our security analysis of 3DPass demonstrates that 3DPass can exceed the password space of an 8 character alphanumeric password with just 6 choices. Our user study finds that 3DPass has superior memorability versus traditional alphanumeric passwords: 98% vs 83% recall rates after one week. We find that passwords in our scheme can be entered in 21 seconds on average when used with the Oculus Rift. We find that using the Oculus Rift improves entry time compared to a traditional 2D display, despite having no impact on presence (the feeling of “being there”) or user preference.
Recordable Multilayer Super-Resolution Optical Disc Realized Using Discrete-Track Three-Dimensional Pit Selection (2009)

We propose a recordable multilayer super-resolution method (discrete-track three-dimensional pit selection) to realize an optical disc with a sub-terabyte data capacity. The fundamental super-resolution characteristics of a discrete-track (DT) super-resolution disc were experimentally examined comparing to that of the conventional super-resolution disc. The experimental results show that the DT super-resolution disc exhibits high optical resolution equal to that of the conventional disc and an optical transmittance of 71%, sufficient for multilayer super-resolution. The results of the disc design indicated the possibility of a data capacity of 500 GB/disc.
Show and Tell: A Neural Image Caption Generator (2014)

Automatically describing the content of an image is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence that connects computer vision and natural language processing. In this paper, we present a generative model based on a deep recurrent architecture that combines recent advances in computer vision and machine translation and that can be used to generate natural sentences describing an image. The model is trained to maximize the likelihood of the target description sentence given the training image. Experiments on several datasets show the accuracy of the model and the fluency of the language it learns solely from image descriptions. Our model is often quite accurate, which we verify both qualitatively and quantitatively. For instance, while the current state-of-the-art BLEU-1 score (the higher the better) on the Pascal dataset is 25, our approach yields 59, to be compared to human performance around 69. We also show BLEU-1 score improvements on Flickr30k, from 56 to 66, and on SBU, from 19 to 28. Lastly, on the newly released COCO dataset, we achieve a BLEU-4 of 27.7, which is the current state-of-the-art.
Recent trends in cartilage regenerative medicine and its application to oral and maxillofacial surgery (2012)

Abstract Greater progress has been made in the clinical application of cartilage regenerative medicine, compared with that of other organs. A typical example of cartilage regenerative medicine is autologous chondrocyte implantation, in which chondrocytes isolated from the patient's cartilage are cultured and injected into the cartilage defects in a liquid‐ or gel‐form. However, the classic autologous chondrocyte implantation has been applicable to only limited diseases, including focal cartilage lesion. Therefore, we developed “implant‐type” tissue‐engineered cartilage that shows mechanical strength and three‐dimensional shape. This type of tissue‐engineered cartilage uses scaffold composed of atelocollagen hydrogel and poly‐ l ‐lactic acid porous material, which is administered with cultured autologous auricular chondrocytes. Its clinical application to nasal deformity of cleft lip and palate patients has been ongoing at present. This review presents an overview of the current situation regarding cartilage regenerative medicine, as well as introducing our research and the development of implant‐type tissue‐engineered cartilage for the cleft‐lip nose. The discussion of the future development of regenerative medicine is also mentioned.
Simulation of Rotor Blade Element Turbulence (1995)

A piloted, motion-based simulation of Sikorsky's Black Hawk helicopter was used as a platform for the investigation of rotorcraft responses to vertical turbulence. By using an innovative temporal and geometrical distribution algorithm that preserved the statistical characteristics of the turbulence over the rotor disc, stochastic velocity components were applied at each of twenty blade-element stations. This model was implemented on NASA Ames' Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS), and ten test pilots were used to establish that the model created realistic cues. The objectives of this research included the establishment of simulation- technology basis for future investigations into real-time turbulence modeling. This goal was achieved; our extensive additions to the rotor model added less than a 10 percent computational overhead. Using a VAX9000 computer the entire simulation required a cycle time of less than 12 msec. Pilot opinion during this simulation was generally quite favorable. For low speed flight the consensus was that SORBET (acronym for title) was better than the conventional body-fixed model, which was used for comparison purposes, and was determined to be too violent (like a washboard). For high speed flight the pilots could not identify differences between these models. These opinions were something of a surprise because only the vertical turbulence component on the rotor system was implemented in SORBET. Because of the finite-element distribution of the inputs, induced outputs were observed in all translational and rotational axes. Extensive post-simulation spectral analyses of the SORBET model suggest that proper rotorcraft turbulence modeling requires that vertical atmospheric disturbances not be superimposed at the vehicle center of gravity but, rather, be input into the rotor system, where the rotor-to-body transfer function severely attenuates high frequency rotorcraft responses.
Low Complexity OFDM Detector for Underwater Acoustic Channels (2006)

An adaptive algorithm is proposed for OFDM signal detection on Doppler-distorted, time-varying multipath channels. The focus of the approach is on low complexity post-FFT signal processing. The receiver performs MMSE combining of signals received across an array, using adaptive channel estimation. Non-uniform Doppler compensation across subbands is performed using a single adaptively estimated parameter representing the Doppler rate. Algorithm performance is demonstrated on experimental data, transmitted through a shallow water channel over the distance of 2.5 km. QPSK modulation with a varying number of carriers is used in a 24 kHz acoustic bandwidth. Excellent performance is achieved with up to 1024 carriers, yielding an overall bit rate of 30 kbps
MASER OSCILLATION FROM ELECTRONIC SPIN RESONANCE IN A CRYOGENIC SAPPHIRE FREQUENCY STANDARD (2006)

We report the first observation of an Fe 3+ maser oscillation at zero magnetic field inside a whispering gallery (WG) sapphire resonator. The described maser is new in that it operates at zero-field and with low ion concentration. At zero-field, the Fe 3+ ion shows a 3-level structure related to the electron spin resonance (ESR). By applying a 31 GHz pump (|1/2〉 → |5/2〉), the ion operates as a maser at 12 GHz (|5/2〉 → |3/2〉). The maser effect is made possible by the high Q-factor (several 10 8 ) of the cryogenic whispering gallery resonator. Additionnaly, the sharp cavity resonance provides short term stability. Preliminary measurements indicate a frequency stability of parts in 10 -14 (Allan deviation at 100 s), still limited by the instrument. The ultimate maser stability is still unknown.
Linear charge-coupled device signal-processing techniques (1976)

New methods for linear launching, weighting, and nondestructive charge sensing in charge-coupled devices (CCD's) are described. These methods employ electronic circuitry at the input and output nodes of the CCD, which linearize the signals, eliminate the nonlinear effect of depletion region capacitance and are also independent of device parameter variations such as electrode area, and absolute values of threshold voltage and oxide thickness. Results indicate a maximum nonlinear distortion of 2.4 percent which is equivalent to a second harmonic distortion level of -38 dB if all distortion present is assumed to be due to second harmonic distortion. Significantly better results are believed possible with circuit optimization. These methods are directly applicable to many CCD signal processing systems and are particularly aimed at CCD transversal filters.
Task concurrency management methodology summary (2001)

This paper summarizes a new methodology for the design of concurrent dynamic real-time embedded systems. An embedded system can be specified at a grey-box abstraction level in a combined MTG-CDFG model. The authors believe that task concurrency management can be implemented in four major steps. Firstly, the grey box model is built, including the necessary concurrency extraction. Then transformations are applied on the specified MTG-CDFG to increase the opportunities for concurrency exploration and cost minimization. Then static scheduling will be applied on the design time analyzable parts of the grey-box model, including processor assignment in the multiple processor context. Finally, a dynamic scheduler will schedule the dynamic and coarse-grain constructs at run time on the given platform while making trade-offs based on Pareto curves.
High-mobility ultrathin strained Ge MOSFETs on bulk and SOI with low band-to-band tunneling leakage: experiments (2006)

For the first time, the tradeoffs between higher mobility (smaller bandgap) channel and lower band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) leakage have been investigated. In particular, through detailed experiments and simulations, the transport and leakage in ultrathin (UT) strained germanium (Ge) MOSFETs on bulk and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) have been examined. In the case of strained Ge MOSFETs on bulk Si, the resulting optimal structure obtained was a UT low-defect 2-nm fully strained Ge epi channel on relaxed Si, with a 4-nm Si cap layer. The fabricated device shows very high mobility enhancements >3.5/spl times/ over bulk Si devices, 2/spl times/ mobility enhancement and >10/spl times/ BTBT reduction over 4-nm strained Ge, and surface channel 50% strained SiGe devices. Strained SiGe MOSFETs having UT (T/sub Ge/<3 nm) very high Ge fraction (/spl sim/ 80%) channel and Si cap (T/sub Si cap/<3 nm) have also been successfully fabricated on thin relaxed SOI substrates (T/sub SOI/=9 nm). The tradeoffs in obtaining a high-mobility (smaller bandgap) channel with low tunneling leakage on UT-SOI have been investigated in detail. The fabricated device shows very high mobility enhancements of >4/spl times/ over bulk Si devices, >2.5/spl times/ over strained silicon directly on insulator (SSDOI; strained to 20% relaxed SiGe) devices, and >1.5/spl times/ over 60% strained SiGe (on relaxed bulk Si) devices.
A Comparison of Multi-Coil Pads in IPT systems for EV Charging (2018)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) can be used to deliver power wirelessly from a source to a load by resonating coupled magnetic coils. The challenge in IPT systems is to design magnetic topologies to enable efficient power transfer and also tolerate changes in misalignment. This paper compares three recently proposed two coil structures that have been suggested as primaries for interoperable power transfer. All the designs use two power supplies and have promised improved performance with lateral movement. One of these, called the Triangular DQ Pad (TDQP) is shown have have a high coupling factor between the two primary coils, making it unsuitable for multi-coil operation. The TDQP and another pad called the Rectangular Quadrupole Pad (RQP) coupling profiles are also fixed by their winding direction and therefore have different working zones depending on the secondary pad topology. The BPP is shown to have good coupling factors compared to the TDQP and RQP.
Hybrid DPWM with Digital Delay-Locked Loop (2006)

This paper introduces a fully synthesizable hybrid digital pulse width modulator (DPWM). The DPWM includes a digital delay locked loop around a delay-line with discretely programmable delay cells to achieve constant-frequency clocked operation with the best possible resolution over a range of process or temperature variations. The DPWM module can implement trailing-edge, leading-edge or triangular modulation. It includes two outputs with programmable dead-times, suitable for DC-DC converters with synchronous rectifiers. The DPWM module is well suited for FPGA or custom chip implementation. Experimental results are shown for a 780 KHz, 10-bit FPGA realization
Evaluation and analysis of operating characteristics for mid-infrared surface-emitting quantum cascade lasers (2022)

Surface emission lasing in pulse operation was realized with a quantum cascade laser using a two-dimensional photonic crystal at a wavelength of about 4 µm. The quantum well of the light-emitting layer was a strain-compensated system, and crystal growth was achieved while maintaining the strain balance. PC-QCLs lasing were realized on the single-mode vertical-emission at 77K under pulse operation. The threshold current density is 760 A/cm2 . The far-field radiation pattern showed a very small divergence angle of less than 1°. In addition, we observed the polarization dependence of the far-field profile, and analyzed for operating characteristics
Improved Video Coding Techniques for Next Generation Video Coding Standard (2019)

This paper describes a video coding scheme submitted in response to the joint call for proposals (CfP) on video compression for capability beyond HEVC issued by ITU-T SG16 Q.6 (VCEG) and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11(MPEG) in October 2017. It includes video coding techniques for the standard dynamic range (SDR) and high dynamic range (HDR) categories. Design of the core SDR codec in the response is based on the joint exploration model (JEM) reference software developed by the joint video exploration team (JVET). Some of key coding tools in the JEM are significantly simplified to reduce both average and worst-case complexity for hardware design with negligible coding performance loss. Furthermore, two additional coding technologies, namely multi-type tree (MTT) and decoder-side intra mode derivation (DIMD), are used to further improve coding efficiency. For the HDR category, besides the tools used in SDR category, two additional coding tools: an in-loop reshaper and a luma-based QP prediction method are used to further improve HDR coding efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate the high coding efficiency achieved by the proposed video codec at the expense of moderate coding complexity over HEVC. For random access configuration, it achieves average bit rate savings of 35.7% and 4.00% over the HM and JEM anchors with decoding time of 263% and 33%, respectively, for the SDR sequences. For the HDR sequences, the proposed in-loop reshaper is configured to maximize HDR objective metrics, it achieves average bit rate savings of 31.3% and 4.6% over the HM and JEM for wPSNRY metrics for the HDR PQ content.
Inertial navigation sensor integrated motion analysis for autonomous vehicle navigation (1992)

Abstract Many types of existing vehicles contain an inertial navigation system (INS) that can be utilized to greatly improve the performance of motion analysis techniques and make them useful for practical military and civilian applications. This article presents the results obtained with a maximally passive system of obstacle detection for ground‐based vehicles and rotorcraft. Automatic detection of these obstacles and the necessary guidance and control actions triggered by such detection will facilitate autonomous vehicle navigation. Our approach to obstacle detection employs motion analysis of imagery collected by a passive sensor during vehicle travel to generate range measurements to world points within the field of view of the sensor. The approach makes use of INS data and scene analysis results to improve interest point selection, the matching of the interest points, and the subsequent motion‐based range computations, tracking, and obstacle detection. In this article, we concentrate on the results obtained using lab and outdoor imagery. The range measurements that are made by INS integrated motion analysis are compared to a limited amount of ground truth that is available. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Operation strategies for psychrophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure slurry in sequencing batch reactors (1996)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of psychrophilic anaerobic digestion in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) under operating strategies that would optimize process performance and stability while minimizing the interference of the bioreactor operation with regular farm activities. Process performance was evaluated on (i) reduction in pollution potential; (ii) energy recovery; and (iii) odour reduction. Experiments were carried out in twelve 40-L SBRs. Experimental results indicated that psychrophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure slurry at 20 °C in an intermittently fed SBR (i) reduced the pollution potential of swine manure slurry by removing 84 – 93% of the soluble chemical oxygen demand and 41 – 83% of total chemical oxygen demand; (ii) produced biogas at rates exceeding 0.48 L of CH 4 per gram of volatile solids fed; and (iii) successfully reduced odours. Other findings were that (i) for all experimental runs, psychrophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure slurry in SBRs was very stable; (ii) the process generally performed well without external mixing; and (iii) intermittent feeding of once or three times a week did not affect process stability and performance. As a result, this process requires little energy input and most of the energy produced will be available for farm use. Since this process is very stable, process feeding could be integrated with the routine operation of manure removal from the barn, thereby minimizing interference with other farm operations. Key words: anaerobic, anaerobic treatment, psychrophilic, animal manure, methane production, process control, manure treatment.
Heteroatom-substituted fatty acid analogs as substrates for N-myristoyltransferase: an approach for studying both the enzymology and function of protein acylation. (1988)

Myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), the enzyme that transfers the myristoyl (14:0) moiety from myristoyl CoA thioester to nascent proteins, is remarkably specific for both peptide and fatty acyl CoA substrates. To investigate the interaction of NMT with fatty acyl CoA substrates, we have synthesized 10 oxygen- or sulfur-substituted fatty acid analogs. These analogs differ dramatically in hydrophobicity from naturally occurring fatty acids of similar length. As acylpeptides, sulfur-substituted myristic acid analogs migrate on reverse-phase HPLC like 11:0 or 12:0 fatty acids, while oxygen-substituted analogs migrate like 9:0 to 11:0 fatty acids. CoA thioesters of several of these analogs serve as good NMT substrates in vitro, implying that NMT selects fatty acyl substrates primarily on the basis of chain length rather than hydrophobicity. Myristelaidoyl (14:1, delta 9,10-trans) CoA is also a significantly better substrate than myristoleoyl (14:1, delta 9,10-cis) CoA. The fatty acyl group bound to NMT profoundly influences the rate of acylpeptide formation and the affinity of NMT for peptide substrates. However, the peptide substrate bound to NMT does not produce significant alterations in the enzyme's affinity for myristoyl CoA. In vitro characterization of these heteroatom substituted analogs suggests that they will be efficiently incorporated into proteins in vivo and may markedly alter acylprotein targeting and function.
(Invited) Metal-Assisted Formation of an Extremely Long–Lived Charge-Separated State in a Porphyrin–Flavin Dyad (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Tissue welding using near-infrared forsterite and cunyite tunable lasers (1999)

Two new near-infrared (NIR) tunable lasers were used to investigate weld repair strength. The tensile strengths of the shell membrane of hen eggs and the Wistar rat skin welding model were measured for the varying laser wavelengths: 1220, 1240, 1270, 1300 nm (from the forsterite laser) and 1360, 1430 nm (from the cunyite laser). The tensile strength was measured with a digital force gauge. The highest tensile strength was achieved at 1430 nm in the shell membrane of 0.81/spl plusmn/0.11 N and in the skin welding model of 0.64/spl plusmn/0.16 N. The weld strength follows the absorption spectrum of water.