gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing distillate fuel storage stability by oxygen overpressure (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssessing distillate fuel storage stability by oxygen overpressureDennis R. Hardy, Robert N. Hazlett, Erna J. Beal, and Jack C. BurnettCite this: Energy Fuels 1989, 3, 1, 20–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00013a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00013a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-stage selection catalytic reduction of NO{sub x} in lean burn engine exhaust (1998)

Recent studies suggest that the conversion of NO to NO{sub 2} is an important intermediate step in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO{sub x} to N{sub 2}. These studies have prompted the development of schemes that use an oxidation catalyst to convert NO to NO{sub 2}, followed by a reduction catalyst to convert NO{sub 2} to N{sub 2}. Multi-stage SCR offers high NO{sub x} reduction efficiency from catalysts that, separately, are not very active for reduction of NO, and alleviates the problem of selectivity between NO reduction and hydrocarbon oxidation. A plasma can also be used to oxidize NO to NO{sub 2}. This paper compares the multi-stage catalytic scheme with the plasma-assisted catalytic scheme for reduction of NO{sub x} in lean-bum engine exhausts. The advantages of plasma oxidation over catalytic oxidation are presented.
ASPIRO Gene Therapy Trial In X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy (XLMTM): Update on Preliminary Safety And Efficacy Findings up to 72 Weeks Post-Treatment (1053) (2020)

ASPIRO is an ongoing, open-label, randomized study (NCT03199469) evaluating safety/efficacy of AT132, an investigational gene therapy for delivery of functional MTM1 gene copies.
Micro-Switches with Sputtered Au,AuPd, Au-on-AuPt, and AuPtCu Alloy Electric Contacts (2004)

This work is the first to report on a new analytic model for predicting micro-contact resistance and the design, fabrication, and testing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal contact switches with sputtered bi-metallic (i.e. gold (Au)-on-Au-platinum (Pt), (Au-on-Au-(6%)Pt)), binary alloy (i.e. Au-palladium (Pd), (Au-(2%)Pd)), and tertiary alloy (i.e. Au-Pt-copper (Cu), (Au-(5%)Pt-(0.5%)Cu)) electric contacts. The micro-switches with bi-metallic and binary alloy contacts resulted in contact resistance between 1-2 /spl Omega/ and, when compared to micro-switches with sputtered Au electric contacts, exhibited a 3.3 and 2.6 times increase in switching lifetime, respectively. The tertiary alloy exhibited a 6.5 times increase in switch lifetime with contact resistance ranging from 0.2-1.8 /spl Omega/.
A frequency-ratio-based 12-bit MOS precision binary current source (1984)

A binary-weighted current generator that uses a weighted repetition-rate current-switching scheme is described. This scheme, as demonstrated in a monolithic MOS implementation, is rendered free from the disadvantages of a passive-resistive ladder network and is suitable for parallel-type digital-to-analog converter systems. Linearity and precision in excess of 12 bits, with no postprocessing adjustments, are demonstrated.
Clinical testing of a photoacoustic probe for port wine stain depth determination (2002)

Background and Objective Successful laser treatment of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks requires knowledge of lesion geometry. Laser parameters, such as pulse duration, wavelength, and radiant exposure, and other treatment parameters, such as cryogen spurt duration, need to be optimized according to epidermal melanin content and lesion depth. We designed, constructed, and clinically tested a photoacoustic probe for PWS depth determination. Study Design/Materials and Methods Energy from a frequency-doubled, Nd:YAG laser (λ = 532 nm, τp = 4 nanoseconds) was coupled into two 1,500 μm optical fibers fitted into an acrylic handpiece containing a piezoelectric acoustic detector. Laser light induced photoacoustic waves in tissue phantoms and a patient's PWS. The photoacoustic propagation time was used to calculate the depth of the embedded absorbers and PWS lesion. Results Calculated chromophore depths in tissue phantoms were within 10% of the actual depths of the phantoms. PWS depths were calculated as the sum of the epidermal thickness, determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the epidermal-to-PWS thickness, determined photoacoustically. PWS depths were all in the range of 310–570 μm. The experimentally determined PWS depths were within 20% of those measured by optical Doppler tomography (ODT). Conclusions PWS lesion depth can be determined by a photoacoustic method that utilizes acoustic propagation time. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:141–148, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive reconstruction of placental methylome from maternal plasma DNA: Potential for prenatal testing and monitoring (2018)

FEtal MEthylome Reconstructor could enhance the noninvasive fetal/placental methylomic analysis and facilitate its application in prenatal testing and monitoring.
Preserving Digital Documents for the Long-Term (2004)

As more and more documents are created and archived digitally, their preservation is becoming critical. A digital document is a sequence of bits that needs to be interpreted and the interpretation process must be archived with the document. The process may be simple or very complex, and various methods have been proposed, depending upon the required functionality.The paper reviews the most popular methods, with particular emphasis on the use of a “Universal Virtual Machine” (or UVC). The UVC method consists of archiving with the data a program P that dynamically converts the internal format into an easily readable structure which identifies the various elements (much like XML does) down to a point where it becomes much easier to define the rest of the interpretation process. In the future, an interpreter of the UVC program will enable the execution of P on any computer. The focus of the paper is primarily on archiving printable documents which require both content and presentation to be preserved; a short section will briefly cover more general documents.The paper makes reference to an existing prototype and how it was used in some proof of concept projects.
A B-tree dynamic router-table design (2004)

We propose B-tree data structures for dynamic router-tables for the cases when the filters are prefixes as well as when they are nonintersecting ranges. A crucial difference between our data structure for prefix filters and the B-tree router-table data structure of Suri et al. (2001) is that in our data structure, each prefix is stored in O(1) B-tree nodes per B-tree level, whereas in the structure of Suri et al. (2001), each prefix is stored in O(m) nodes per level (m is the order of the B-tree). As a result of this difference, a prefix may be inserted or deleted from an n-filter router table accessing only O(log/sub m/ n) nodes of our data structure; these operations access O(m log/sub m/ n) nodes using the structure of Suri et al. (2001). Eventhough the asymptotic complexity of prefix insertion and deletion is the same in both B-tree structures, experiments conducted by us show that because of the reduced cache misses for our structure, the measured average insert and delete times using our structure are about 30% less than when the B-tree structure of Suri et al. (2001) is used. Further, an update operation using the B-tree structure of Suri et al. (2001) will, in the worst case, make 2.5 times as many cache misses as made when our structure is used. The asymptotic complexity to find the longest matching prefix is the same, O(m log/sub m/ n) in both B-tree structures, and in both structures, this operation accesses O(log/sub m/ n) nodes. The measured time for this operation also is nearly the same for both data structures. Both B-tree structures for prefix router-tables take O(n) memory. However, our structure Is more memory efficient by a constant factor.
A Practical Synthesis of ω-Aminoalkanoic Acid Derivatives from Cycloalkanones (1996)

Abstract A practical synthetic route to N-Boc protected or Boc-amino acid coupled ω-aminoalkanoic acids is reported and exemplified by the preparation of 8-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)caprylic acid 2 and (N-t-butoxycarbonylphenylalanyl)-8-aminocaprylic acid 3. The sequence does not involve column chromatography, hydrogenation, azide or bromine related rearrangements, and therefore is amenable to scale-up. Homologues of the ω-aminoalkanoic acid derivatives may also be prepared by using different cycloalkanones.
Efficient Encodings for Document Ranking Vectors (2002)

The rapid growth of the Web has led to the development of many techniques for enhancing search rankings by us-ing precomputed numeric document attributes such as the estimated popularity or importance of Web pages. For e-cient keyword-search query processing over large document repositories, it is vital that these auxiliary attribute vec-tors, containing numeric per-document properties, be kept in main memory. When only a small number of attribute vectors are used by the system (e.g., a document-length vec-tor for implementing the cosine ranking scheme), a standard 4-byte, single-precision \noating point representation for the numeric values suces. However, for richer search rank-ings, which incorporate additional numeric attributes (e.g., a set of page-importance estimates for each page), it becomes more dicult to maintain all of the auxiliary ranking vec-tors in main memory. We propose lossy encoding schemes based on scalar quantization that eciently encode auxil-iary numeric properties, such as PageRank, an estimate of page importance used by the Google search engine. Unlike standard scalar quantization algorithms, which concentrate on minimizing the numerical distortion caused by lossy en-codings, we seek to minimize the distortion of search-result rankings. 1.
Development of Iodine Waste Forms Using Low‐Temperature Sintering Glass (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Minimization of Transient Emissions from Rotary Kiln Incinerators (1990)

Abstract Transient emissions of organics can occur from rotary kiln incinerators when drums containing liquid wastes bound on sorbents are introduced in a batch-wise fashion. Physical processes controlling the release of waste from the sorbent material are greatly affected by the rotation speed of the kiln and the kiln temperature. Local partial pressure of oxygen influences the rate of oxidation of the puff formed inside the kiln. These physical and chemical phenomena can be exploited to effect control of transient emissions by oxygen enrichment, where this is accomplished in either a steady or a dynamic mode. Experimental results from a pilot-scale rotary kiln incinerator simulator were combined with a theoretical model in order to explore the potential of minimizing transient emissions through changes in kiln rotation speed, kiln temperature, steady oxygen enrichment, and oxygen enrichment in a dynamic mode. Results indicated that transient organic emissions could indeed be minimized by changes in these kiln operating parameters, but because of the complex interactions of physical and chemical processes controlling emissions, the appropriate abatement procedures must be carefully implemented.
Single Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Genetically Diverse HIV-1, SIVcpz, and SIVgor Strains (2012)

Although antiretroviral treatment availability has improved, the virological monitoring of patients remains largely uneven across regions. In addition, viral quantification tests are suffering from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity, fueled by the emergence of new recombinants and of lentiviruses from nonhuman primates. We developed a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay that is relatively inexpensive and able to detect and quantify all circulating forms of HIV-1 and its simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) precursors, SIVcpz and SIVgor. Primers and a probe were designed to detect all variants of the HIV-1/SIVcpz/SIVgor lineage. HIV-1 M plasma (n = 190; 1.68 to 7.78 log(10) copies/ml) representing eight subtypes, nine circulating recombinant forms, and 21 unique recombinant forms were tested. The mean PCR efficiency was 99%, with low coefficients of intra- and interassay variation (<5%) and a limit of quantification of <2.50 log(10) copies/ml, with a 200-μl plasma volume. On the studied range, the specificity and the analytical sensitivity were 100 and 97.4%, respectively. The viral loads were highly correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001) with the reference method (generic HIV assay; Biocentric) and had no systematic difference, irrespective of genotype. Furthermore, 22 HIV-1 O plasmas were screened and were better quantified compared to the gold-standard RealTime HIV-1 assay (Abbott), including four samples that were only quantified by our assay. Finally, we could quantify SIVcpzPtt and SIVcpzPts from chimpanzee plasma (n = 5) and amplify SIVcpz and SIVgor from feces. Thus, the newly developed real-time RT-PCR assay detects and quantifies strains from the HIV-1/SIVcpz/SIVgor lineage, including a wide diversity of group M strains and HIV-1 O. It can therefore be useful in geographical areas of high HIV diversity and at risk for the emergence of new HIV variants.
Confidence Estimation in Classification Decision: A Method for Detecting Unseen Patterns (2006)

The classification task for a real world application shall include a confidence estimation to handle unseen patterns i.e., patterns which were not considered during the learning stage of a classifier. This is important especially for safety critical applications where the goal is to assign these situations as unknown before they can lead to a false classification. Several methods were proposed in the past which were based on choosing a threshold on the estimated class membership probability. In this paper we extend the use of Gaussian mixture model (GMM)to estimate the uncertainty of the estimated class membership probability in terms of confidence interval around the estimated class membership probability. This uncertainty measure takes into account the number of training patterns available in the local neighborhood of a test pattern. Accordingly, the lower bound of the confidence interval or the number of training samples around a test pattern, can be used to detect the unseen patterns. Experimental results on a real-world application are discussed.
An approach to proteomic analysis of human tumors (2000)

A strategy for proteomic analysis of microdissected cells derived from human tumor specimens is described and demonstrated by using esophageal cancer as an example. Normal squamous epithelium and corresponding tumor cells from two patients were procured by laser-capture microdissection and studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Fifty thousand cells resolved approximately 675 distinct proteins (or isoforms) with molecular weights ranging between 10 and 200 kDa and isoelectric points of pH 3-10. Comparison of the microdissected protein profiles showed a high degree of similarity between the matched normal-tumor samples (98% identical). However, 17 proteins showed tumor-specific alterations, including 10 that were uniquely present in the tumors and seven that were observed only in the normal epithelium. Two of the altered proteins were characterized by mass spectrometry and immunoblot analysis and were identified as cytokeratin 1 and annexin I. Acquisition of 2D-PAGE protein profiles, visualization of disregulated proteins, and subsequent determination of the identity of selected proteins through high-sensitivity MS-MS microsequencing are possible from microdissected cell populations. These separation and analytical techniques are uniquely capable of detecting tumor-specific alterations. Continued refinement of techniques and methodologies to determine the abundance and status of proteins in vivo holds great promise for future study of normal cells and associated neoplasms. Mol.
Perturbation-Based Distributed Beamforming for Wireless Relay Networks (2008)

This paper deals with distributed beamforming techniques for wireless networks with half-duplex amplify-and- forward relays. Existing schemes optimize the beamforming weights based on the assumption that channel state information (CSI) is available at the relays. We propose to use adaptive beamforming based on deterministic perturbations and limited feedback (1-bit) from the destination to the relays in order to avoid CSI at the relays. Two scalable perturbation schemes are considered and practical implementation aspects are addressed. Simulation results confirm that the proposed techniques closely approach optimum performance and have satisfactory tracking properties in time-varying environments.
Two antipodal vivaldi antennas and an antenna array for microwave early breast cancer detection (2013)

Abstract Two small antipodal Vivaldi antennas for ultrawide band early breast cancer detection are proposed. The antennas are designed to operate in the spectrum from 1 to 10 GHz, according to the requirements of wave penetration in the breast and imaging resolution. Simulated and measured reflection parameters of the proposed antennas are evaluated. Numerical results also show the proposed antennas have good near‐field radiation performance. Finally, an antenna array consisting of eight antipodal Vivaldi antennas, appropriate to collect the tumor scattering signal in the breast is presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:670–674, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27384
Fabrication and properties of poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) hollow fiber membranes (2011)

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) hollow fiber membranes have been fabricated for the first time via the melt spinning method. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as the diluent and a composite powder (composed of soluble and insoluble particles) as the pore-creating agent were used in this study. The addition of the composite powder brought about a dissolved pore structure and interfacial microvoids (IFMs) in the membrane. The membrane’s corresponding microfiltration performance was characterized in terms of pure water flux, a mechanical strength test, a mean pore size measurement and morphology observations by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results show that the FEP hollow fiber membrane was a kind of homogeneous membrane, with mean pore sizes ranging from 0.4 to 1 μm. The increase of the composite powder addition and the stretching process brought about an obvious enhancement of the pure water flux and porosity. Compared with the available commercial PTFE hollow tube membranes, the smaller size of the FEP hollow fiber membrane provides a higher filled density in the membrane modules. Moreover, the smaller thickness of the membrane improves membrane permeability.
Design of a Multilayer PCB Bus for Medium Voltage DC Converters (2019)

In this work, the design of a planar PCB-based power bus for operation at 6 kV is presented. A previous reported bus which reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI) was redesigned to allow use of Wolfspeed's 10 kV XHV-6 and XHV-9 modules. A design method to control the peak electric field (E-field) in high field strength regions was then used to ensure the field strength in air and the PCB dielectric remain within an acceptable range. Using this method, adding a 1mm negative offset between the +/- DC power plane and MID conductor provided a 13% reduction in field strength alone with no other changes. Other optimization steps were taken to further reduce peak fields. The field strength in air was most efficiently controlled adding and external core to what would typically be the outermost layers of the PCB.
Initial Clinical Experience with a Fully Automatic In‐Hospital External Cardioverter Defibrillator (1999)

Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachyarrhythmia remains a significant problem in the in-hospital setting. Although the probability of survival is closely correlated with the rapidity of a response by qualified personnel, response times can be prolonged, even in specialized care units. In an effort to decrease response time, a fully automatic external cardioverter defibrillator was recently devised. This device was evaluated in the in-hospital setting to assess safety and efficacy. A total of 79 patients were studied in a multicenter trial. Patients were monitored with fully functional devices in the electrophysiology laboratory (51 patients) and in the cardiac care unit (28 patients). Performance of the device was assessed by comparing automatic responses to any sustained change in cardiac rhythm, either spontaneous or induced, to a retrospective review of stored ECG data and programmed parameters. During a total duration of 964 hours of monitoring, there were 99 episodes of sustained tachycardia. Therapy was appropriately delivered or advised in all episodes. Therapy was advised in one episode of supraventricular tachycardia. There were no episodes of inappropriate therapy delivery. There were no complications or adverse events. The device performed with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98.8% with an average response time of 22 seconds. In conclusion, this automatic external defibrillator was safe, effective, and functioned as designed. Significant improvement in response time to life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia in the in-hospital setting would be expected if this technology was widely adopted.
Sm‐p80‐based DNA vaccine formulation induces potent protective immunity against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (2008)

No effective vaccine exists for the human parasitic disease, schistosomiasis. We have targeted a functionally important antigen, Sm-p80 as a vaccine candidate because of its consistent immunogenicity, protective potential and important role in the immune evasion process. In this study we report that a Sm-p80-based DNA vaccine formulation confers 59% reduction in worm burden in mice. Animals immunized with Sm-p80-pcDNA3 exhibited a decrease in egg production by 84%. Sm-p80 DNA elicited strong immune responses that include IgG2A and IgG2B antibody isotypes in vaccinated animals. Splenocytes proliferated in response to Sm-p80 produced appreciably more Th1 response enhancing cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma) than Th2 response enhancing cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). These data reinforce the potential of Sm-p80 as an excellent vaccine candidate for schistosomiasis.