gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anomaly resilient node placement approach for pipelines monitoring (2017)

Wireless sensor network has proven to be a good candidate for many monitoring applications such as habitat monitoring, structural health monitoring, pipeline monitoring, etc. Pipeline monitoring is a challenging application where the sensors are placed in a linear topology. This linear topology requires careful attention in placing sensors to ensure robustness against anomaly, minimize the energy consumption and maximize the network lifetime. This paper investigates this problem by improving and evaluating the performance of two greedy node placement approaches. In contrast to existing work, we have validated experimentally the 31 power levels of CC2420 TelosB chipon and their corresponding transmission ranges. Having more power-level resolution yields less energy consumption and longer lifetime compared to traditional 8 power levels. Extensive simulation and real experiments have been conducted. The results demonstrate 23% extension in the lifetime when all power levels are adopted.
Ultra-High-Efficiency Fiber-to-Chip Coupler Based on a Waveguide Array (2020)

We report recent work involving the high-efficiency coupling of light between a standard PM optical fiber and an integrated photonics chip across a wavelength range from 1550 nm to 1600 nm. A record-high peak coupling efficiency of 98.5%, or -0.067 dB of loss, is observed.
Long-Range Through-the-Wall Magnetoquasistatic Coupling and Application to Indoor Position Sensing (2020)

The magnetoquasistatic (MQS) field coupling theory is presented for long ranges between a transmitting device located outdoor to a receiving device located indoor. The theory is validated based on measurements in a large indoor house environment (>8000 ft2) with the transmitting device located far outside the house (>11 m from outer wall). We discuss the system and demonstrate position sensing for a compact mobile MQS receiver device in the house.
Semi-Supervised Semantic Image Segmentation With Self-Correcting Networks (2020)

Building a large image dataset with high-quality object masks for semantic segmentation is costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we introduce a principled semi-supervised framework that only use a small set of fully supervised images (having semantic segmentation labels and box labels) and a set of images with only object bounding box labels (we call it the weak-set). Our framework trains the primary segmentation model with the aid of an ancillary model that generates initial segmentation labels for the weak-set and a self-correction module that improves the generated labels during training using the increasingly accurate primary model. We introduce two variants of the self-correction module using either linear or convolutional functions. Experiments on the PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscape datasets show that our models trained with a small fully supervised set perform similar to, or better than, models trained with a large fully supervised set while requiring 7x less annotation effort.
Longitudinal Power Decay of a Weakly-Coupled Multi-Core Fiber (2013)

Longitudinal power decay because of the inter-core crosstalk of a weakly-coupled multi-core fiber is numerically simulated by solving coupled power equation and measured using bi-directional optical time domain reflectometer technique. The power decay caused by the inter-core crosstalk is observed on the measured optical time domain reflectometer data. The simulated power decay shows good agreement with the measured power decay. The power decay of the outer core excitation is gentler than that of the center core excitation. The center core and outer cores of multi-core fibers with a hexagonal close-packed structure show the different crosstalk characteristics until the power of all cores is saturated.
Abstract 910: Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia: Genetics, Natural History and Response to Therapy (2007)

Background: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an arrhythmo-genic cardiac disease predisposing affected individuals to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods and Results: Here we provide data on the largest CPVT population thus far described. The study population consisted of 177 patients (64% female) of 93 families. All 93 probands (pbs) were screened for RYR2 mutations: 54 (58%) pbs carried a heterozygous RYR2 mutation, 1 pb a compound heterozygous RYR2 mutation and 3 pbs a homozygous (1), compound heterozygous (1) or heterozygous (1) CASQ2 mutation. One KCNJ2 mutation (T305I) was detected in a total of 15 pbs. In family members, another 40 RYR2 mutation carriers were identified. Only 29 of 95 gene carriers were phenotypically silent, therefore the penetrance of a RYR2 mutation was 69%. Of note, female sex was predominant among CPVT probands without a RYR2 mutation. Before the initiation of any treatment related to CPVT, 77 of 93 (83%) pbs experienced a cardiac e vent. Mean age of first event was 12±9 years. Neither sex nor the presence/absence of a RYR2 mutation was associated with a higher risk of developing events or with a younger age at onset of symptoms. Before therapy, 70% and 40% of 177 patients remained free of cardiac arrest and SCD before therapy by age 20 and 40 years, respectively. A history of juvenile SCD (<40 yrs) was present in 36% of families: the mean age of the lethal event was 18±9 yrs. One-hundred CPVT patients were initiated on β-blockers. On top, 41 patients were implanted with an ICD. During a mean follow-up time of 4.5±3 years, 28% of patients experienced a syncope (n=11), cardiac arrest (n=5) or appropriate ICD shock (n=12). Neither sex nor genotype was associated with a worse response to therapy. Conclusions: In this largest CPVT population reported so far, the presence/absence of a RYR2 mutation wasn’t associated with different clinical characteristics or response to therapy as compared to non-mutation carriers. CPVT remains a highly malignant disease with only a moderate response to β-blockers.
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived epicardial progenitors can differentiate to endocardial‐like endothelial cells (2017)

During heart development, epicardial progenitors contribute various cardiac lineages including smooth muscle cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. However, their specific contribution to the human endothelium has not yet been resolved, at least in part due to the inability to expand and maintain human primary or pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived epicardial cells. Here we first generated CDH5-2A-eGFP knock-in hPSC lines and differentiated them into self-renewing WT1+ epicardial cells, which gave rise to endothelial cells upon VEGF treatment <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, we found that the percentage of endothelial cells correlated with WT1 expression in a WT1-2A-eGFP reporter line. The resulting endothelial cells displayed many endocardium-like endothelial cell properties, including high expression levels of endocardial-specific markers, nutrient transporters and well-organized tight junctions. These findings suggest that human epicardial progenitors may have the capacity to form endocardial endothelium during development and have implications for heart regeneration and cardiac tissue engineering.
Computer Aided–Designed, 3‐Dimensionally Printed Porous Tissue Bioscaffolds for Craniofacial Soft Tissue Reconstruction (2014)

Integrated, image-based CAD and 3D printing processes generated patient-specific nasal and auricular scaffolds that supported cartilage regeneration.
Arrays of Addressable Microcavity Plasma Devices (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Addressable microcavity plasma devices with two- or three-electrode, dielectric barrier designs have been fabricated in 20 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\times$</tex></formula> 20 or 50 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\times$</tex></formula> 50 device arrays in Si(100) and characterized in the rare gases. Each device comprises a metal/Si electrode structure, a dielectric stack, and an inverted square pyramid microcavity having an emitting aperture of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$50 \times 50\ \mu\hbox{m}^{2}$</tex></formula> or <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$100 \times 100\ \mu\hbox{m}^{2}$</tex></formula>. Arrays with filling factors of 11% and 25% [for <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$(100\ \mu\hbox{m})^{2}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$(50\ \mu\hbox{m})^{2}$</tex></formula> device arrays, respectively] and a crossed electrode (passive matrix) geometry exhibit operating voltages in Ne of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$ \sim$</tex></formula>220–300 V (RMS) when driven by a 20-kHz sinusoidal driving voltage. Displacement currents are <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\sim$</tex></formula>50% of those for previous Si microplasma device arrays, and when exciting the array with 100–140-V pulses, the rise time of the wavelength-integrated fluorescence is observed to be <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$<$</tex></formula> 600 ns for pure Ne or Ne/5%Xe gas mixtures at a pressure of 700 torr. A full address and sustain pulse sequence has also been demonstrated with a symmetrical three-electrode device structure. </para>
Perlecan Domain V Inhibits Amyloid-β Induced Activation of the α2β1 Integrin-Mediated Neurotoxic Signaling Cascade (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal death, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is the major component of plaques and consists of two prominent isoforms, Aβ40 and Aβ42. As many risk factors for AD are vascular in origin and blood vessel defects in clearing Aβ from the brain are a potential key component of AD pathology, we have focused on the neuron-blood vessel interface, and in particular, the vascular basement membrane, which coats blood vessels and physically separates them from neurons. A prominent component of the vascular basement membrane is the extracellular matrix proteoglycan perlecan. Domain V (DV) is the C-terminal domain and is generated by perlecan proteolysis. DV interacts with the α2 integrin and Aβ is a ligand for both α2β1 and αvβ1. Due to the known interaction of DV with α2β1 and α2β1's requirement for Aβ deposition and neurotoxicity, we hypothesized that DV and/or its C-terminal domain, LG3, might alter neurotoxic signaling pathways by directly blocking or otherwise interfering with α2β1 binding by Aβ. Our study suggests that α2β1 mediates Aβ-induced activation of c-Jun and caspase-3, key components of the neurotoxic pathway, in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons. We further demonstrate that DV and/or LG3 may therapeutically modulate these α2β1 mediated neurotoxic effects suggesting that they or other α2β1 integrin modulators could represent a novel approach to treat AD. Finally, our results suggest different neurotoxicity susceptibilities between cortical and hippocampal neurons to Aβ40 and Aβ42 as further underscored by differing neuroprotective potencies of LG3 in each cell type.
Localization of a heparin-binding protein to distinct regions of bovine sperm. (1996)

Heparin-binding proteins (HBP) in bull seminal fluid bind to epididymal sperm membranes at ejaculation. Peptides recognized by a monoclonal antibody (M1) correspond to proteins identified in complexes that have the greatest affinity for heparin and are present on sperm from bulls with higher fertility. Presence of specific HBP on sperm regulates the ability of sperm to bind heparin, and heparin binding to sperm correlates with the fertility potential of a bull. In these studies, the interaction of HBP with sperm from 10 bulls of proven fertility was analyzed by immunofluorescence of M1 to determine the localization of heparin-binding proteins during capacitation, and the fluorescent binding patterns were compared to bull nonreturn rates. Immunofluorescent localization of M1 binding sites revealed the existence of specific membrane domains containing HBP in acrosomal and postacrosomal regions of ejaculated but not in epididymal sperm. Monoclonal antibody recognition of HBP localized on membranes of sperm revealed variable binding patterns of M1 to the acrosomal region in sperm from bulls of known fertility. Regression analysis indicated a negative relationship between sperm displaying exclusively acrosomal fluorescence and bull nonreturn rate. These data indicate that HBP bind to sperm in distinct patterns, one of which differed among bulls of varying fertility, and indicate no apparent relocalization of these sites during cellular changes that occur in preparation for fertilization.
Tumor liberated protein (TLP): its potential for diagnosis and therapy. (1999)

Our earlier studies led to the purification of a similar antigen from several types of human tumours which had the following properties: It provoked a delayed reaction in certain cancer patients which could be demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro (1). In contrast, healthy individuals did not react to this antigen. Subsequent studies led to a higher degree of purity of tumour antigen which enabled a partial sequence (2). The eight amino acid sequence obtained led to the synthesis of the corresponding peptide. This synthetic peptide was then used to raise specific antibodies in rabbits. The availability of such antibodies enabled to undertake a range of studies. Those investigations revealed that the antibodies were tumour specific because they reacted only with certain types of tumours but not with normal cells nor with other types of tumour tissues. We decided to name this tumour antigen as TLP for tumour liberated protein.
Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Wee1 Degradation and Mitotic Entry (2013)

Cell cycle progression and entry into mitosis are regulated by a highly conserved cellular process known as checkpoint signaling. The Wee1 nuclear tyrosine kinase functions in this process by regulating the cdc2/cyclinB protein complex. Specifically, Wee1 mediates inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc2, leading to delayed mitosis and cell cycle arrest in cells with DNA damage so that DNA repair and replication can occur. Wee1 activity is inhibited during mitosis by its phosphorylation and ubiquitination by E3 ligases, and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Studies showing that Wee1 expression is reduced in colon carcinoma cells and that Wee1 overexpression can block cell division, suggest that Wee1 may act as a tumor suppressor. Thus, the identification of probes that selectively increase levels of Wee1 may provide useful insights into the roles of Wee1 in cell cycle control and tumor pathogenesis. The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (SRIMSC), part of the Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN), utilized a chemical biology approach to uncover kinases controlling Wee1 proteolysis by identifying small molecule inhibitors stabilizing a reporter of Wee1 degradation, K328M-Wee1-luciferase. High-throughput screening followed by medicinal chemistry optimization driven by secondary assays yielded a selective stabilizing probe, ML177, which is 200 times more potent than our previously described probe, ML118. ML177 exhibits a Wee1 stabilization EC50 value of 40 nM. The probe has been tested against several cell-cycle related targets and anti-targets, including Wee1, cyclin B, p21, p27, and ability to induce HeLa (cancer) cell apoptosis. The identified probe exhibited significantly improved selectivity and potency in these assays compared to the previous probe. These results, combined with additional kinase profiling by the assay provider, confirm the value of this probe and its usefulness in biologically relevant, cell-based assays.
Joule-Thomson cryogenic cooler with extremely high thermal stability (1991)

An 80-K Joule-Thomson (J-T) cooling system designed for the Probe Infrared Laser Spectrometer (PIRLS) proposed for the Huygens Titan Probe of the Cassini Saturn orbiter mission is presented. The cryogenic cooling requirements of the PIRLS instrument are listed, and the cooler system design including details of a J-T cryostat, cold head, and dewar design is described along with the results of a thermal modeling effort and lab cooler performance testing. It is shown that by using active feedback temperature control of the cold head in combination with the self-regulating action of the J-T cryostat, a temperature stability of less than 0.1 mK/min is achieved by the cooler weighting 1.8 kg.
Iso-index coupled-wave electrooptic filter (1979)

A new optical filter, first demonstrated more than a decade ago and recently extended to other frequencies and materials, is based on the accidental isotropy of refractive indexes that occurs in certain uniaxial semiconductors near the band edge. This paper shows how coupling of light energy can take place between ordinary and extraordinary polarizations at the isotropic point by application of a dc electric field. When placed between crossed polarizers, these materials can thus act as narrow-band filters. The field-of-view characteristics have been analyzed; and it is concluded that this type of filter can, in principle, accommodate a 2π field with less than 20 percent increase in passband over that of the narrow-field condition. It is noted, in particular, that AgGaS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> exhibits the required change of sign of its birefringence at a wavelength of 4970 Å (blue-green), with a rate of change that could provide a passband of only 0.2 Å in a 1 cm sample.
Modelling Microbial Fuel Cells Using Lattice Boltzmann Methods (2018)

An accurate modelling of bio-electrochemical processes that govern Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) and mapping their behavior according to several parameters will enhance the development of MFC technology and enable their successful implementation in well defined applications. The geometry of the electrodes is among key parameters determining efficiency of MFCs due to the formation of a biofilm of anodophilic bacteria on the anode electrode, which is a decisive factor for the functionality of the device. We simulate the bio-electrochemical processes in an MFC while taking into account the geometry of the electrodes. Namely, lattice Boltzmann methods are used to simulate the fluid dynamics and the advection-diffusion phenomena in the anode compartment. The model is verified on voltage and current outputs of a single MFC derived from laboratory experiments under continuous flow. Conclusions can be obtained from a parametric analysis of the model concerning the design of the geometry of the anode compartment, the positioning and microstructure of the anode electrode, in order to achieve more efficient overall performance of the system. An example of such a parametric analysis is presented here, taking into account the positioning of the electrode in the anode compartment.
EVALUATION OF EVOLVED AND BARCODED XYLOSE FERMENTING STRAINS FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE (2012)

Lignocellulosic raw materials for bioethanol production are today the basis for many ethanol production sites around the world. However, the utilization of engineered yeast strains for second generation ethanol production at large-scale can still be improved. Yeasts mainly use the sugars present in the lignocellulosic biomass but, toxic compounds derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degradation during pretreatment are also found in the media and inhibit yeast growth. Furthermore, wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not able to ferment xylose which could constitute up to 40% of the lignocellulose material. Hence the recombinant yeast strains must be robust and ferment xylose to ethanol with high yields in the presence of inhibitors.In this study, different evolved xylose fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have been compared in ethanol production processes from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The differences between using single cell transformants and mixed populations will be evaluated in terms of ethanol production in large scale bioreactors.Furthermore, we have established a method to barcode the evolved yeast strains in order to be able to verify their origin. It is of outmost importance that after barcoding the original characteristics of a yeast strain are maintained. Those requirements can only be fulfilled by using a dominant selection principle. We have obtained a few hundred transformants that were shown to contain the new unique barcode DNA sequence via DNA isolation and DNA sequencing. The transformed strains must be able to grow on the lignocellulosic material and consume xylose at the same rate as before the transformation which also was tested in this study.
Inhibition of Infectivity and Replication of HIV-2 and SIV in Helper T-Cells by 2′,3′-Dideoxynucleosides <i>In Vitro</i> (1988)

We have previously shown that 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and their derivatives are potent inhibitors of the infectivity and cytopathic effect mediated by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently a new group of retroviruses has been found in individuals originating from the western part of Africa. One member of this group is human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2), previously designated lymphadenopathy-associated virus type-2 (LAV-2), found in patients with an AIDS-like illness. In this report, we show that 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides including 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) can significantly inhibit the infectivity and/or cytopathic effect of these retroviruses in vitro. Current data provide a rationale for considering 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and their derivatives as experimental antiviral agents in individuals with illnesses caused by these new retroviruses.
Application of non-thermal plasmas to pollution control. Revision 1 (1993)

Non-thermal plasma techniques can be used to destroy many types of hazardous molecules. They are particularly efficient when the toxic materials are present in very small concentrations. This paper discusses three particular applications of non-thermal plasmas: (1) decomposition of hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S), (2) removal of trichloroethylene (TCE), and (3) removal of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}). Emphasis is placed on the energy cost for implementing the decomposition or removal of these pollutants. Some of the factors affecting the energy cost are discussed. The authors discuss in detail their work at LLNL on pulsed plasma processing for the treatment of NO{sub x} in diesel engine exhaust. The results suggest that their plasma reactor can remove up to 70% of NO with relatively high initial concentrations (up to 500 ppM) at a power consumption cost of 2.5% for an engine with an output of 14 kW and an exhaust gas flow rate of 1,200 liters per minute.
A Novel Tropoloisoquinoline Alkaloid, Neotatarine, from <i>Acorus calamus</i> L. (2017)

A novel tropoloisoquinoline alkaloid, neotatarine (1), was isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the rhizome parts of Acorus calamus L. The chemical structure was unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Neotatarine (1) exhibited significantly inhibitory activity against Aβ<sub>25 - 35</sub> induced PC12 cell death with 2, 4 and 8 μm comparing with the assay control (P < 0.01).