gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of the human SRD5A2 gene: implications for prostate cancer risk. (1995)

Elevated dihydrotestosterone levels have been suggested to increase the risk of prostate cancer. The human SRD5A2 gene encodes the type II steroid 5 alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone to the more bioactive compound dihydrotestosterone. We have determined the distribution of a dinucleotide repeat in low-risk Asian-Americans, high-risk African-Americans, and intermediate-risk non-Hispanic Whites. We found this marker to be more polymorphic than previously reported, with some alleles being specific to African-Americans. Genetic variants of the SRD5A2 gene may play a role in predisposition to prostate cancer and in explaining the substantial racial/ethnic variability in risk.
A simplified sensorless vector control based on the average of the DC bus current (2010)

This paper describes a simplified sensorless vector control for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) using the average of the DC bus current. This method sets up the drive control system at relatively inexpensive because the micro controller does not need to have a precise timer and the calculation load is slight. The proposed method effectively changes two different current estimation methods in accordance with the operation mode. First, the controller estimates d-axis current and identifies back-EMF parameter in synchronous operation mode at the low speed region. The identification error of back-EMF parameter affects efficiency of the proposed system, so it needs to be zero. Second, the controller estimates q-axis current in vector control mode. The identified parameter and q-axis current define voltage reference to realize high efficiency drive. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of proposed method.
A Flexible Analysis Tool for the Quantitative Acoustic Assessment of Infant Cry (2013)

This article describes an automated infant cry analyzer with high accuracy to detect important acoustic features of cry. A unique and important aspect of this work is the rigorous testing of the system's accuracy as compared to ground-truth manual coding. The resulting system has implications for basic and applied research on infant cry development.
Endothelin‐converting enzyme activity in human serum lipoprotein fraction (1993)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1)-converting enzyme (ECE) activity in the human serum lipoprotein fraction was studied using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The ECE activity of cleaving synthetic human big ET-1 into ET-1 by the serum lipoprotein fraction was about 14-times greater than that by whole serum, and the activity was closely associated with lipoprotein itself. The lipoprotein ECE activity, which was optimal at pH 7.0, was inhibited by EDTA, o-phenanthroline, phosphoramidon, thiorphan, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and chymostatin, but not by cysteine or aspartic proteinase inhibitors, suggesting metalloproteinase- and chymotrypsin-like properties. These results suggest that the serum lipoprotein ECE may be involved in the processing of big ET-1 to ET-1 in the circulatory system.
Inter-Destination Media Synchronization (IDMS) Using the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) (2014)

This document defines a new RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Packet Type
and an RTCP Extended Report (XR) Block Type to be used for achieving
Inter-Destination Media Synchronization (IDMS). IDMS is the process of
synchronizing playout across multiple media receivers. Using the RTCP
XR IDMS Report Block defined in this document, media playout
information from participants in a synchronization group can be
collected. Based on the collected information, an RTCP IDMS Settings
Packet can then be sent to distribute a common target playout point to
which all the distributed receivers, sharing a media experience, can
synchronize. Typical use cases in which IDMS is useful are social TV,
shared service control (i.e., applications where two or more
geographically separated users are watching a media stream together),
distance learning, networked video walls, networked loudspeakers, etc.
Experimental Study on Liquid Crystal Actuators (2004)

Experimental Study on liquid crystal actuators is performed under a polarized microscope. The low molecular weight nematic liquid crystalline material is placed between parallel glass plates. The lower plate is fixed, and the upper can move freely. When 5V of electric field is imposed on the liquid crystalline material, the rod-like molecules re-align to the orientation direction perpendicular to the plates. During this re-alignment of the liquid crystalline molecules, the fluid flow, called back-flow, is induced. Because of the back-flow mechanism, the upper glass plate moves in a certain direction.
<title>Comparing motion-interpolation structures for video coding</title> (1990)

This paper considers the topic of video compression at bit-rates around 1 Mbps for digital storage/playback applications. The backbone algorithm employed is the well-known motion-compensated prediction-error coder. This approach is considerably enhanced by the incorporation of conditional motion-compensated interpolation (CMCI), where some of the video frames are encoded with prediction-error coding and the remainder are encoded with motion-compensated interpolation and interpolation-error coding. The advantage of this combined technique is that interpolation errors can be coded with much fewer bits than prediction errors for similar reconstructed-picture quality. We consider two different techniques for estimating motion in CMCI- coded frames. In order to facilitate direct interaction with the bit-stream, the input sequence is divided into groups such that one frame in each group is intra-coded. The arrangement of predictive- and CMCI-coded frames can be varied; a study of these arrangements is the major focus of this paper. Structures with one-, two- and four-frame interpolation are compared. Our results indicate that one-frame interpolation is inferior to two-frame interpolation on complex test material. Four-frame interpolation is comparable in performance to two-frame interpolation as long as the motion is compensable.
Fast, nonperturbative, transmission inverse scattering, quantitative imaging with laboratory and simulated acoustic data (2000)

Inverse scattering provides an ultimate method for acoustic imaging for medical and other fields of application (because it is quantitative and is self-correcting for refraction, absorption, and diffraction artifacts). E. Wolf showed that, with plane wave incident excitation, spatial distributions of inhomogeneous acoustic speed of sound and absorption within bodies could be reconstructed under the Born approximation by use of a simple back propagation algorithm operating in spatial frequency space (k-space). This approach, as extended to include the Rytov approximation and/or to real-space, is known as ‘‘diffraction tomography’’ (DT). However, DT fails at frequencies above 1 MHz, for objects with the size and contrast of the human female breast. We have extended DT by replacing its approximate wave equations with an exact wave equation. We present for the first time images of laboratory objects (agar cylinders, excised tissue, etc.) made by inverting transmission data. Present algorithms are at the boundary of real time operations or for 3D imaging with PC level computer networks. We discuss problems characteristic of inverse scattering such as multiple minima solutions and the need for receiver and transmitter element beam patterns. Input of these images for computer aided diagnosis is discussed.
Full-Duplex System Design for 5G Access (2018)

In order to meet the new requirements of 5G networks and to overcome the limits in nowadays systems, it is anticipated that revolutionary technologies, including full-duplex (FD), should be introduced to existing and evolving systems, like LTE-A and Wi-Fi. This chapter reviews the self-interference cancellation technologies that enable full-duplex operation. It provides a general overview of system design challenges for full-duplex cellular systems with an emphasis on interference complications for FD small cell access. The chapter presents practical interference mitigation schemes to treat base station (BS)-to-BS and UE-to-UE interferences, including null beam forming, uplink (UL) power control, joint intracell scheduler, channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback, and reference signal design. It demonstrates the system performance with the proposed design in full-duplex system-level-simulator, by considering various indoor/outdoor scenarios using 3GPP models. The chapter also demonstrates that with proper interference mitigation, more than 1.7 × spectrum efficiency gains can be achieved in FD networks.
ChemInform Abstract: 10‐(ALKYLAMINO)‐4H‐THIENO(3,4‐B)(1,5)BENZODIAZEPINES. A NOVEL CLASS OF POTENTIAL NEUROLEPTIC AGENTS (1979)

Abstract Die o‐Phenylendiamine (I) reagieren mit dem Tetrahydrothiophen (II) zu den Tetrahydrothienobenzodiazepinonen (III), die durch Oxidation mit Schwefel, Sulfurylchlorid oder N‐Chlor‐succinimid zu den Thiophenen (IV) dehydriert werden.
Recent nuclear pumped laser results (1976)

Recent direct nuclear pumped laser research at the University of Illinois has concentrated on experiments with three gas mixtures (Ne-N/sub 2/, He-Ne-O/sub 2/, and He-Hg). One mixture has been made to lase and gain has been achieved with the other two. All three of these mixtures are discussed with particular attention paid to He-Hg. Of interest for DNP work is the 6150-A ion transition in Hg/sup +/. The upper state of this transition is formed directly by charge transfer and by Penning ionization.
Increased systemic stability, tumor accumulation and in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a secretory phospholipase 2-degradable liposomal form of cisplatin. (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

5618 

Cisplatin is one of the most potent antitumor agents known, displaying activity against a large number of solid tumors. However, side-effects such as nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity as well as cellular resistance to the agent mean that this is not a first choice drug in many cancers. An improved drug delivery system which is expected to reduce these side effects is highly desirable. We have designed a liposomal form of cisplatin (LiplaCis) that can be specifically degraded by secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). sPLA2 is often present in tumor tissues, either expressed by the cancerous cells or by infiltrating immune cells thereby assuring a site-specific release in the tumor micro-environment. The specificity of sPLA2-mediated release was demonstrated in vitro with cells highly resistant to LiplaCis in the absence of sPLA2. In contrast, in the presence of sPLA2 the IC50 values are lower than for free cisplatin which is due to a simultaneous release of lysolipids from the liposomes. In vivo pharmacokinetic experiments in rats and mice show an increased stability in plasma and the effect is present after >14 days. Xenograft studies in nude mice using the mouse mammary carcinoma tumor model MT-3, the mouse colon carcinoma CT-26 or the human colon carcinoma Colo205 revealed long-lasting tumor accumulation of LiplaCis within hours after administration. Efficacy studies using the MT-3 -model showed improved tumor elimination compared to the free drug with similar toxicity. Thus, LiplaCis is expected to perform better than free cisplatin in the clinic and phase one studies will be initiated in early 2008.
Photonic Implementations of Neural Networks (1995)

Several broad classes of neural networks comprise distributed, nonlinear, dynamical systems in which large numbers of relatively simple processing elements (neuron units) are densely interconnected. The interconnections are often configured such that the interconnection weights are adaptive and contain the learned memories and behaviors of the system. Advanced optical interconnection techniques are being developed that can potentially be used in conjunction with optoelectronic neuron units to implement photonic neural-like computational modules ( e.g ., Fig. 1) with relatively large array sizes (10 5 to 10 6 neuron units) and a high degree of connectivity (fan-outs and fan-ins of 10 4 to 10 6 , with 10 9 to 10 12 total interconnections). A key open question is whether the high bandwidths (potentially 100 MHz or more) available from hybrid optoelectronic spatial light modulators (SLMs) can be effectively combined with such high density volume holographic optical interconnections (dynamically recorded in photorefractive materials) to provide enhanced computational throughput capacity as well as complex neural network simulation capability. A second key open question is whether advanced electronic/photonic packaging technologies can provide capability for system-level integration of highly compact multichip modules that exhibit both local (multi-plane) and global interconnections (Fig. 2).
Fusion of LIDAR data and large-scale vector maps for building reconstruction (2004)

Abstract: LIDAR data contains plenty of height information, while vector maps preserve accurate building boundaries. From the viewpoint of data fusion, we integrate LIDAR data and large-scale vector maps to perform building modeling. The proposed scheme comprises six major steps: (1) preprocessing of LIDAR data and vector maps, (2) extraction of point clouds that belong to a building, (3) construction of the facets from the point clouds, (4) detection of planar faces, (5) determination of 3-D edges of buildings, and (6) regularization of 3-D edges and building reconstruction. In the preprocessing stage, the height variation of the aboveground objects is extracted by subtracting the surface elevation from the terrain. The polygons for buildings are also obtained from the polylines using the SMS method. Using the vertex locations and rough heights of stories, the point clouds that belong to a building can be selected. Then a triangulated irregular network is built for representing the facets of the point clouds. Segmentation of planar faces is implemented by examining the size and the angles among surface normal vectors. After detection for planar roof faces, 3-D roof edges are determined by intersecting roof planes. Finally, building models are reconstructed after regularization. Keywords: LIDAR, Vector Maps, Building Reconstruction, Triangulated Irregular Network. 1.
Investigating deep side layers for skin lesion segmentation (2017)

Accurate skin lesion segmentation is an important yet challenging problem for medical image analysis. The skin lesion segmentation is subject to variety of challenges such as the significant pattern and colour diversity found within the lesions, presence of various artifacts, etc. In this paper, we present two fully convolutional networks with several side outputs to take advantage of discriminative capability of features learned at intermediate layers with varying resolutions and scales for the lesion segmentation. More specifically, we integrate fine and coarse prediction scores of the side-layers which allows our framework to not only output accurate probability map for the lesion, but also extract fine lesion boundary details such as the fuzzy border, which further improves the lesion segmentation. Quantitative evaluation is performed on the 2016 International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2016) dataset, which shows our proposed approach compares favorably with state-of-the-art skin segmentation methods.
Identification of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitors with a Selective Sting for Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α (2012)

The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has been linked to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The debate on the respective contributions of GSK-3α and GSK-3β to AD pathology and AML is ongoing. Thus, the identification of potent GSK-3α-selective inhibitors, endowed with favorable pharmacokinetic properties, may elucidate the effect of GSK-3α inhibition in AD and AML models. The analysis of all available crystallized GSK-3 structures provided a simplified scheme of the relevant hot spots responsible for ligand binding and potency. This resulted in the identification of novel scorpion shaped GSK-3 inhibitors. It is noteworthy, compounds 14d and 15b showed the highest GSK-3α selectivity reported so far. In addition, compound 14d did not display significant inhibition of 48 out of 50 kinases in the test panel. The GSK-3 inhibitors were further profiled for efficacy and toxicity in the wild-type (wt) zebrafish embryo assay.
<title>New Optical Erasable Medium Using Tellurium Suboxide Thin Film</title> (1983)

A suboxide thin film of TeO<sub>x</sub> ( x is smaller than the stoich.Lometric value ) containing a small amount of additives of such metals and semimetals as Sn and Ge has been found to have the property of showing a reversible change in its optical constants when the film was exposed in turn to two diode laser spots with different sizes, and this property can be utilized for an erasable disc. For recording, a TeO<sub>x</sub> thin film deposited on a PMMA substrate is irradiated by a diffraction limited laser spot, 0.8 pm in dia., modulated in response to an input electrical signal. This causes a micro-sized area of the film to be suddenly heated and rapidly quenched, resulting in a decrease in optical reflectivity. This recorded bit can be erased at real time by the irradiation of a diffused laser spot to an elliptical shape, 1 x 10 pm, by which the bit recovers its optical properties. An optical head having the two laser beams, one for recording/playback and one for erasing, has been developed. Real time erasing and recording at the same time has been achieved for a video signal. In excess of a million record/erase cycles have been demonstrated with no significant degradation in playback signal quality or erasability. Carrier-to-noise ratio, C/N, was more than 55 dB at 5 MHz, 30 kHz bandwidth.
Attenuation of Virulence by Disruption of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis erp</i> Gene (1998)

The virulence of the mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis depends on their ability to multiply in mammalian hosts. Disruption of the bacterial erp gene, which encodes the exported repetitive protein, impaired multiplication of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin in cultured macrophages and mice. Reintroduction of erp into the mutants restored their ability to multiply. These results indicate that erp contributes to the virulence of M. tuberculosis.
Alternative Fusing Algorithm for High Speed Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (2016)

An alternative Gabor-based fusing algorithm that improves the processing speed of the GD-OCM is presented. The fusion is performed in spectral domain and hence could enable hardware-based fusion, which is promising for real time GD-OCM.
“<i>p</i>-on-<i>n</i>” Si interband tunnel diode grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2001)

Si interband tunnel diodes have been successfully fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy and room temperature peak-to-valley current ratios of 1.7 have been achieved. The diodes consist of opposing n- and p-type δ-doped injectors separated by an intrinsic Si spacer. A “p-on-n” configuration was achieved for the first time using a novel low temperature growth technique that exploits the strong surface segregation behavior of Sb, the n-type dopant, to produce sharp delta-doped profiles adjacent to the intrinsic Si spacer.
Development of a hybrid knowledge-based system for multiobjective optimization of power distribution system operations (2005)

The development of a hybrid knowledge-based system with a coupling between knowledge-based and numerical methods for multiobjective optimization of power distribution operations is described. The advantages of a hybrid knowledge-based system are described followed by the system objectives, means of control, and constraints. A framework is provided that describes the necessary development stages of a commercial knowledge-based package. An overview of the utility knowledge acquisition procedure is provided to appreciate the complexity of defining the rule base. This is followed by a description of the flow of information in a three-level hierarchical rule base and a summary of network radiality, parameter. and performance rules employed in this rule base. After a heuristic preprocessor identifies a list of switch closures that would seem to reduce total system losses, network radiality rules assess if a particular search path has identified a switch that can be closed and a corresponding switch opened to maintain the radiality of the system or if the path is worth pursuing further. Network parameter rules ensure the system operates within original design parameters. Network performance rules assess the reduction in total system losses of each proposed switching operation. Where there is a coupling between knowledge-based and numerical methods, the integration of numerical methods is described. Finally, the validation and simulations as well as the benefits of this hybrid knowledge-based system are described.
<title>Compact Infrared Radar Technology</title> (1980)

Recent developments in the field of tactical infrared radars are reviewed. Experimental studies of imaging properties, weather penetration, and MTI operation are presented. The status of technology developments in the areas of compact CO2 lasers, telescope design, and fabrication and utilization of heterodyne detector arrays is discussed.
Novel Phosphate Modified Cathepsin B Linkers: Improving Aqueous Solubility and Enhancing Payload Scope of ADCs (2016)

In an effort to examine the utility of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) beyond oncology indications, a novel phosphate bridged Cathepsin B sensitive linker was developed to enable the targeted delivery of glucocorticoids. Phosphate bridging of the Cathepsin B sensitive linkers allows for payload attachment at an aliphatic alcohol. As small molecule drug-linkers, these aqueous soluble phosphate containing drug-linkers were found to have robust plasma stability coupled with rapid release of payload in a lysosomal environment. Site-specific ADCs were successfully made between these drug-linkers and an antibody against human CD70, a receptor specifically expressed in immune cells but also found aberrantly expressed in multiple human carcinomas. These ADCs demonstrated in vitro targeted delivery of glucocorticoids to a representative cell line as measured by changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated gene mRNA levels. This novel linker expands the scope of potential ADC payloads by allowing an aliphatic alcohol to be a stable, yet cleavable attachment site. This phosphate linker may have broad utility for internalizing ADCs as well as other targeted delivery platforms.