gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hand manipulation of virtual objects in wearable augmented reality (2002)

This paper proposes an interface for wearable computers using augmented reality (AR) environment which allows the user to handle virtual objects with his/her own hands intuitively. The proposed system is constructed with a wearable computer and a head mounted display (HMD). A pair of cameras is attached to HMD positioned as a pair of eyes. Using the stereo measurement, the finger's postures are captured and displayed together with virtual objects on a video-see-though HMD. The system tracks the fingertips motion of the index finger and the thumb so as the user can pick up, move and rotate the virtual object as if treating a real object with the hands in the real world. While the stereo measurement, range information is added to the region of the hand Visual occlusion is synthesized between the user's hand and the virtual objects including 2D based graphical user interfaces, 3D computer graphics models and so on.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Oxygen Intermediates Are Required for Interferon Activation of NK Cells (1983)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes fractionated on Percoll density gradients were enriched five- to ten-fold in cytotoxicity again K562 target cells and in the frequency of cells bearing the HNK-1 marker and large-granular-lymphocyte (LGL) morphology of human NK cells. Few if any (<0.1%) monocytes or granulocytes were present. Alpha (α) and beta (β) interferon (IFN) (200-500 Units/ml) caused a significant chemiluminescence response (50 × 103 CPM) which peaked 15 min after addition to these NK-enriched lymphocytes. Both the generation of chemiluminescence and augmentation of NK cytolysis against K562 by IFN were inhibited markedly (90%-100%) by catalase and the hydroxyl scavengers, benzoate, mannitol, and dimethylsulfoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) had less of an effect (35%-70% inhibition) and heat-denatured SOD and catalase were not inhibitory. Inhibitors were only effective in blocking the interferon augmented portion of cytotoxicity if they were present during the IFN pretreatment period but not before or after. The scavengers were not directly toxic to the cells such that pretreated and washed lymphocytes retained normal function with respect to NK lysis and interferon activation in the absence of further inhibitors. The results suggest then that IFN may stimulate the production of low amounts of H2O2 and possibly other oxygen intermediates (OH•) which are a necessary event early in the pathway of IFN activation of human NK cells.
3,4‐dihydroxybenzalacetone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester induce preconditioning ER stress and autophagy in SH‐SY5Y cells (2017)

3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) and Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) are both catechol-containing phenylpropanoid derivatives with diverse bioactivities. In the present study, we analyzed the ability of these compounds to activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the oxidative stress response. When human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with DBL or CAPE, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes such as HSPA5, HYOU1, DDIT3, and SEC61b increased to a larger extent in response to CAPE treatment, while that of antioxidant genes such as HMOX1, GCLM, and NQO1 increased to a larger extent in response to DBL treatment. DNA microarray analysis confirmed the strong link of these compounds to ER stress. Regarding the mechanism, activation of the UPR by these compounds was associated with enhanced levels of oxidized proteins in the ER, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), which provides anti-oxidative effects, suppressed the induction of the UPR-target genes. Furthermore, both compounds enhanced the expression of LC3-II, a marker of autophagy, and 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone that reduces ER stress, suppressed it. Finally, pretreatment of cells with DBL, CAPE or low doses of ER stressors protected cells against a neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in an autophagy-dependent manner. These results suggest that DBL and CAPE induce oxidized protein-mediated ER stress and autophagy that may have a preconditioning effect in SH-SY5Y cells.
Thin-film junctions of cadmium telluride by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1992)

Polycrystalline films of cadmium telluride (CdTe) deposited by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique using the reaction of dimethylcadmium (DMCd) and di-isopropyltellurium (DIPTe) can be p type or n type, depending on the DMCd/DIPTe molar ratio in the reaction mixture. Extrinsic CdTe films have been deposited by using group III and group V compounds as dopants during the MOCVD process. Gallium can be incorporated into CdTe films to yield a dark resistivity of about 1000 Ω cm and a carrier concentration of about 2×1017 cm−3; however, the incorporation of arsenic or antimony is considerably more difficult, and low resistivity p-CdTe films cannot be obtained. Extrinsically doped CdTe films show significantly different photoluminescence spectra from intrinsic films of the same conducting type. Heterojunctions have been prepared by depositing p-CdTe films on CdS-coated SnO2:F/glass substrates. The junction properties and the post-deposition treatments have been investigated. Large-area (≳1 cm2) MOCVD CdTe thin-film solar cells of near 10% efficiency have been reported for the first time. Homojunctions have also been prepared by the successive in situ deposition of n- and p-CdTe films on SnO2:F/glass substrates, and their photovoltaic characteristics evaluated.
DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Formation by the 1,4-Dioxobutane Abasic Lesion (2009)

The oxidized abasic lesion 5'-(2-phosphoryl-1,4-dioxobutane) (DOB) is produced concomitantly with a single-strand break by a variety of DNA-damaging agents that abstract a hydrogen atom from the C5'-position. Independent generation of the DOB lesion in DNA reveals that it reversibly forms interstrand cross-links (ICLs) selectively with a dA opposite the 3'-adjacent nucleotide. Product studies and the use of monoaldehyde models suggest that ICL formation involves condensation of the dialdehyde with the exocyclic amine. Mechanistic studies and inspection of molecular models indicate that the local DNA environment and proximity of the exocyclic amine determine the selectivity for reaction with dA. Proximity control of the electrophile's reactivity is distinct from that of structurally similar freely diffusing molecules. ICL formation by a DOB lesion that is adjacent to a single-strand break is potentially significant because the product constitutes a "clustered" or "complex" lesion. Clustered lesions can lead to highly deleterious double-strand breaks upon nucleotide excision repair.
Human optokinetic nystagmus and spatial frequency (2015)

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a fundamental oculomotor response to retinal slip generated during natural movement through the environment. The timing and amplitude of the compensatory slow phases (SPs) alternating with saccadic quick phases (QPs) are remarkably variable, producing a characteristic irregular sawtooth waveform. We have previously found three stochastic processes that underlie OKN: the processes that determine QP and SP amplitude and the update dynamics of SP velocity. SP and QP parameters are interrelated and dependent on SP velocity such that changes in stimulus speed can have a seemingly complex effect on the nystagmus waveform. In this study we investigated the effect of stimulus spatial frequency on the stochastic processes of OKN. We found that increasing the spatial frequency of suprathreshold stimuli resulted in a significant increase in SP velocity with a corresponding reduction in retinal slip. However, retinal slip rarely reached values close to 0, indicating that the OKN system does not or cannot always minimize retinal slip. We deduce that OKN gain must be less than unity if extraretinal gain is lower than unity (as empirically observed), and that the difference between retinal and extraretinal gain determines the Markov properties of SP velocity. As retinal gain is reduced with stimuli of lower spatial frequency, the difference between retinal and extraretinal gain increases and the Markov properties of the system can be observed.
<p>Importance of the formulation in the skin delivery of topical diclofenac: not all topical diclofenac formulations are the same</p> (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> The current study aimed to compare 2 topical diclofenac products (diclofenac diethylamine [DEA] 1.16% emulsion and diclofenac sodium [Na] 5% gel). The quantitative evaluation of skin permeability and the qualitative evaluation of their physical characteristics were performed. <b>Methods:</b> The skin permeability of diclofenac DEA 1.16% emulsion and diclofenac Na 5% gel was compared in vitro using Franz diffusion cells following a single, fixed, 10 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> dose of product applied to a 0.64 cm<sup>2</sup> area of the stratum corneum surface of ex vivo human skin samples. The physical characteristics of the 2 formulations were assessed by rheological measurement and microscopy observation. <b>Results:</b> Diclofenac DEA 1.16% emulsion exhibited a statistically significant higher permeation through human skin at 24 hrs than diclofenac Na 5% gel (554 vs 361 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively; ratio of adjusted geometric means, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.14-2.07]). When expressed as a percentage of the applied dose of diclofenac that permeated through human skin, a 7-fold difference was observed between the diclofenac DEA 1.16% emulsion (0.54%) and the diclofenac Na 5% gel (0.077%). Qualitative composition and physical characterization showed differences between the formulations that may explain some of the permeation data observed. Based on rheological assessments, diclofenac Na 5% gel had a higher viscosity (24.82 Pa.s) than diclofenac DEA 1.16% emulsion (10.29 Pa.s). <b>Conclusion:</b> A topical diclofenac product with a higher concentration of the active ingredient does not necessarily lead to greater absorption relative to a product with lower concentration of the active ingredient but different characteristics. These observations highlight the importance of considering parameters beyond drug concentration, such as composition, which may influence the solubility of the drug and permeation of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Amantadine in Human Brain Tissue (2006)

Amantadine concentrations in human brain tissue were assessed in order to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters using the computer program NONMEM. The elimination constant in brain tissue was determined to be 0.00447 [1/h], resulting in a t1/2 of 6.5 days for the mean patient in the population investigated (n = 19). An estimate of 65.5 L was obtained for the apparent volume of distribution. The elimination half-life of amantadine from brain tissue is much longer than from blood and is comparable to the previously investigated neuroleptic drugs haloperidol and levomepromazine.
Effect of gradient alignment in heat assisted magnetic recording (2009)

Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is one of the leading technologies to extend magnetic storage. Significant progress has been achieved in head and media fabrication [M. Seigler et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 44, 119 (2008); Y. Peng et al., TMRC, Seagate Research, 2008], resulting in a basic technology demonstration (C. Hardie et al., ODS Conference Proceedings, 2008) of HAMR. Both field and field-gradient limitations of a conventional perpendicular recording are overcome by engineering the thermal profile (notably the gradient) and recording at a temperature near Tc (thus requiring a smaller head field). We have used a micromagnetic recording model to study the effect of thermal and field-gradient alignment in HAMR by varying the separation between the thermal spot and the leading edge of the head field. The output of the recording model includes transition jitter, which is based on Monte Carlo simulations of isolated transitions. We use a realistic granular medium with HK∼50–80 kOe and a grain size of ∼2.5–6 nm that covers a broad range of HAMR media parameters. The model indicates that HAMR can achieve &gt;1 Tbyte/in.2 using a grain size of 6 nm and is scalable to &gt;4 Tbyte/in.2 on a granular media by careful alignment of the thermal and magnetic field gradients.
Reactive chatbot programming (2018)

Chatbots are reactive applications with a conversational interface. They are usually implemented as compositions of client-side components and cloud-hosted services, including artificial-intelligence technology. Unfortunately, programming such reactive multi-tier applications with traditional programming languages is cumbersome. This paper introduces wcs-ocaml, a new multi-tier chatbot generator library designed for use with the reactive language ReactiveML. The paper explains our library with small didactic examples throughout, and closes with a larger case-study of a chatbot for authoring event-processing rules.
Synthesis, characterization and ethylene oligomerization behaviour of 8-(1-aryliminoethylidene)quinaldinylnickel dihalides (2011)

A series of 8-(1-aryliminoethylidene)quinaldines and the nickel halides thereof were synthesized and characterized, and the molecular structures of two representative nickel complexes were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Upon treatment with diethylaluminium chloride (Et2AlCl), the nickel pro-catalysts exhibited high activity for ethylene oligomerization (1.24–1.83 × 106 g mol−1(Ni) h−1) with good thermal stability at 60 °C under 10 atm of ethylene. The influence of the reaction parameters on the catalytic behaviour was investigated for these nickel-based systems, including variation of Al/Ni molar ratio and reaction temperature. Furthermore, the effect of the ancillary ligand Ph3P was also probed.
Sequential Changes in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Gene Expression Following Parasagittal Fluid-Percussion Brain Injury in Rats (1999)

This study documents the regional and temporal patterns of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) RNA and protein expression after parasagittal fluid-percussion (F-P) brain injury (1.7 to 2.2 atm) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In situ hybridization was conducted in 28 rats with a 35S-labeled antisense riboprobe to GFAP at 0.5, 2, and 6 hours and 1, 3, and 30 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) or sham procedures. Immunocytochemical staining of GFAP was conducted in 20 rats at 1, 3, 7, and 30 days after TBI or sham procedures. At 0.5 and 2 hours after TBI, increased GFAP mRNA was restricted to superficial cortical areas underlying the impact site. At 24 hours, increased GFAP mRNA was observed throughout the traumatized hemisphere except within the histopathologically vulnerable lateral parietal cortex and external capsule. Contralateral expression within the hippocampus and cingulate and lateral cortices was also observed. Three days after TBI, GFAP mRNA expression was prominent overlying pial surfaces, in cortical regions surrounding the contusion, and within the hippocampus and lateral thalamus. Immunocytochemical visualization of GFAP at 1 and 3 days demonstrated reactive astrocytes overlying the pial surface, surrounding the cortical contusion, and within ipsilateral white matter tracts, hippocampus, and lateral thalamus. At 30 days, GFAP mRNA and protein expression were present within the deeper cortical layers of the lateral somatosensory cortex and lateral thalamus and throughout ipsilateral white matter tracts. These data demonstrate a complex pattern of GFAP mRNA and protein expression within gray and white matter tracts following F-P brain injury. Patterns of GFAP gene expression may be a sensitive molecular marker for evaluating the global response of the brain to focal injury in terms of progressive neurodegenerative as well as regenerative processes.
Dr. J vs. the bird: Java IDE's one-on-one (2004)

An important decision facing instructors of introductory programming courses is the choice of supporting software development tools. Usually this involves selecting an integrated development environment (IDE). BlueJ has received widespread adoption for first year courses that use the Java programming language; however, DrJava is emerging as an alternative. This paper features a comparison of the pedagogical approaches used by BlueJ and DrJava as a guideline for selecting the tool best suited to the teaching style used in the introductory course.
Linear-Quadratic Programming and Optimal Control (1987)

A generalized approach is taken to linear and quadratic programming in which dual as well as primal variables may be subjected to bounds, and constraints may be represented through penalties. Corresponding problem models in optimal control related to continuous-time programming are then set up and theorems on duality and the existence of solutions are derived. Optimality conditions are obtained in the form of a global saddle point property which decomposes into an instantaneous saddle point condition on the primal and dual control vectors at each time, along with an endpoint condition.
High-Performance Photorefractive Polymers (1994)

Photorefractive materials can form "instant" holograms without time-consuming development steps. Their potential applications include image processing, optical data storage, and correction of image distortion, but the cost of crystal growth and preparation has been a primary impediment to commercial application. Polymers, on the other hand, are low in cost and readily fabricated in a variety of forms. Photorefractive polymers were constructed with performance that matched or exceeded the performance of available photorefractive crystals. The largest observed two-beam energy coupling gain coefficient for the polymers was 56 per centimeter.
High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment of Porcine Oocytes Induces Parthenogenetic Activation (2010)

An innovative technique called high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment has recently been reported to improve the cryosurvival of gametes and embryos in certain mammalian species, including the mouse, pig, and cattle. In the present study the parthenogenetic activation (PA) of pig oocytes caused by HHP treatment was investigated in different holding media with or without Ca(2+). The efficiency of activation was tested at different pressure levels and media including T2 (HEPES-buffered TCM-199 containing 2% cattle serum), and mannitol-PVA fusion medium with (MPVA + Ca(2+)) or without Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)(MPVA). The results showed that HHP cannot induce PA in T2, but only in MPVA + Ca(2+) with low Ca(2+) concentration and MPVA without Ca(2+). The highest activation efficiency was achieved with 10 min HHP treatment using 100 or 200 bars for oocytes in MPVA + Ca(2+) or MPVA, respectively. In the light of these results, the possible source of Ca(2+) during activation was investigated. It was found that even after a total of 30-min wash with TL-HEPES-PVA buffer without Ca(2+) before HHP treatment in MPVA, the oocytes could still be activated, indicating the possibility of an intracellular Ca(2+) source caused cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) elevation. In conclusion, parthenogenetic activation could be induced by HHP in certain holding media with low or zero Ca(2+) content. Further experiments are needed to identify the exact mechanisms of activation.
HL7 FHIR with SNOMED-CT to Achieve Semantic and Structural Interoperability in Personal Health Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study (2022)

Heterogeneity is a problem in storing and exchanging data in a digital health information system (HIS) following semantic and structural integrity. The existing literature shows different methods to overcome this problem. Fast healthcare interoperable resources (FHIR) as a structural standard may explain other information models, (e.g., personal, physiological, and behavioral data from heterogeneous sources, such as activity sensors, questionnaires, and interviews) with semantic vocabularies, (e.g., Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT)) to connect personal health data to an electronic health record (EHR). We design and develop an intuitive health coaching (eCoach) smartphone application to prove the concept. We combine HL7 FHIR and SNOMED-CT vocabularies to exchange personal health data in JavaScript object notion (JSON). This study explores and analyzes our attempt to design and implement a structurally and logically compatible tethered personal health record (PHR) that allows bidirectional communication with an EHR. Our eCoach prototype implements most PHR-S FM functions as an interoperability quality standard. Its end-to-end (E2E) data are protected with a TSD (Services for Sensitive Data) security mechanism. We achieve 0% data loss and 0% unreliable performances during data transfer between PHR and EHR. Furthermore, this experimental study shows the effectiveness of FHIR modular resources toward flexible management of data components in the PHR (eCoach) prototype.
Object Semantic Segmentation in Point Clouds—Comparison of a Deep Learning and a Knowledge-Based Method (2021)

Through the power of new sensing technologies, we are increasingly digitizing the real world. However, instruments produce unstructured data, mainly in the form of point clouds for 3D data and images for 2D data. Nevertheless, many applications (such as navigation, survey, infrastructure analysis) need structured data containing objects and their geometry. Various computer vision approaches have thus been developed to structure the data and identify objects therein. They can be separated into model-driven, data-driven, and knowledge-based approaches. Model-driven approaches mainly use the information on the objects contained in the data and are thus limited to objects and context. Among data-driven approaches, we increasingly find deep learning strategies because of their autonomy in detecting objects. They identify reliable patterns in the data and connect these to the object of interest. Deep learning approaches have to learn these patterns in a training stage. Knowledge-based approaches use characteristic knowledge from different domains allowing the detection and classification of objects. The knowledge must be formalized and substitutes the training for deep learning. Semantic web technologies allow the management of such human knowledge. Deep learning and knowledge-based approaches have already shown good results for semantic segmentation in various examples. The common goal but the different strategies of the two approaches engaged our interest in doing a comparison to get an idea of their strengths and weaknesses. To fill this knowledge gap, we applied two implementations of such approaches to a mobile mapping point cloud. The detected object categories are car, bush, tree, ground, streetlight and building. The deep learning approach uses a convolutional neural network, whereas the knowledge-based approach uses standard semantic web technologies such as SPARQL and OWL2to guide the data processing and the subsequent classification as well. The LiDAR point cloud used was acquired by a mobile mapping system in an urban environment and presents various complex scenes, allowing us to show the advantages and disadvantages of these two types of approaches. The deep learning and knowledge-based approaches produce a semantic segmentation with an average F1 score of 0.66 and 0.78, respectively. Further details are given by analyzing individual object categories allowing us to characterize specific properties of both types of approaches.