gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Community Information Services Through Public Libraries in Bangladesh: Problems and Proposals (2010)

Information is a key element for decision making and development. People need information to make the best use of the resources and solve problems. In Bangladesh, most people (80 percent) live in villages and Community Information Service (CIS) facilities remain low. Different organizations provide information services but these services are not always made in accordance with ommunity needs. This article discusses initiatives taken in Bangladesh and explores how public libraries can play a key role in developing CIS.
Lhx2 Selector Activity Specifies Cortical Identity and Suppresses Hippocampal Organizer Fate (2008)

The earliest step in creating the cerebral cortex is the specification of neuroepithelium to a cortical fate. Using mouse genetic mosaics and timed inactivations, we demonstrated that Lhx2 acts as a classic selector gene and essential intrinsic determinant of cortical identity. Lhx2 selector activity is restricted to an early critical period when stem cells comprise the cortical neuroepithelium, where it acts cell-autonomously to specify cortical identity and suppress alternative fates in a spatially dependent manner. Laterally, Lhx2 null cells adopt antihem identity, whereas medially they become cortical hem cells, which can induce and organize ectopic hippocampal fields. In addition to providing functional evidence for Lhx2 selector activity, these findings show that the cortical hem is a hippocampal organizer.
Room-Temperature Ammonia Formation from Dinitrogen on a Reduced Mesoporous Titanium Oxide Surface with Metallic Properties (2002)

Mesoporous titanium oxide was treated with bis(toluene) titanium under nitrogen at room temperature in toluene, leading to a new blue black material possessing conductivity values of up to 10(-)(2) Omega(-)(1) cm(-)(1). XRD and nitrogen adsorption showed that the mesostructure was fully retained. Elemental analysis indicated that the material absorbed Ti from the organometallic, without any incorporation of the toluene ligand. There was also an increase of nitrogen from below the detection limit to 1.16%. XPS studies showed that the Ti framework was reduced by the organometallic and that the material had reduced nitride on the surface. There was also an emission at the Fermi level, suggesting metallic behavior. This was confirmed by variable-temperature conductivity studies, which showed a gradual decrease of resistivity with temperature. SQUID magnetometer studies revealed spin glass behavior with a degree of temperature independent paramagnetism, consistent with metallic properties. Solid-state (15)N NMR studies on materials synthesized in the presence of labeled dinitrogen showed that the source of the nitride was the reaction atmosphere. IR and (15)N NMR demonstrated that this nitrogen species was surface ammonia, suggesting that the initially formed nitride species had reacted with moisture imbedded in the walls of the mesostructure. The direct conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia is a very rare process and this work represents the first example of this process mediated by a molecular sieve.
Ligature‐induced injury in peripheral nerve: Electrophysiological observations on changes in action potential characteristics following blockade of potassium conductance (1985)

The effects of the potassium channel blocking agent 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on action potential properties were studied in chronically injured rat sciatic nerves. In normal, mature myelinated fibers, application of 4-AP does not lead to any significant change in action potential waveform or firing pattern in response to single stimuli. In contrast, application of 4-AP to nerves injured by the placement of loose ligatures results in the appearance of late rippled components in the compound action potential. This alteration in waveform is present at the injury site, but not at nerve segments proximal or distal to this region. Paired stimulation experiments demonstrate that this oscillation of the whole nerve response reflects repetitive firing in response to single stimuli following application of 4-AP. Intra-axonal recording following 4-AP application demonstrates bursts of action potentials, with several spikes of reduced amplitude arising from a depolarizing potential following the initial spike. Refractory period for the late spike is greater than that of the primary action potential. These results demonstrate that potassium channels are present and functional in chronically injured nerves, where blockage of these channels results in repetitive firing in response to single stimuli.
Classification of motion direction perceived based on EEG (2008)

In this paper, an experiment was designed to record the electroencephalography when people caught the vision of differently directional moving (turning right, turning left, moving forward, moving backward). The signals from 30 EEG channels were analyzed by independent component analysis to obtain the independent components. The tagged permutations of independent components were obtained and a discrete space was formed by the tags. A discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to search the optimal permutation through the discrete space. Based on the optimal permutation of independent components, the features were obtained and a high classification accuracy rate can be reached.
Modulation of plasmid DNA methylation and expression in zebrafish embryos (1998)

Gene expression is under the influence of DNA methylation and assembly of chromatin structure. This paper reports the modulation of transgene expression in zebrafish embryos by altering DNA methylation with 5-azacytidine and heterochromatin formation with sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylation. A CMV promoter-luciferase fusion gene construct (pCMVL) microinjected into zebrafish eggs becomes gradually methylated during development, starting at approximately 12 h post-injection. When methylated in vitro by Hpa II methylase prior to injection, the construct is rapidly demethylated in vivo before being de novo methylated. Demethylation is independent of DNA replication, indicating that it is an active DNA repair process. Demethylating activity has been characterized in zebrafish embryo nuclear extracts, in which this activity is heat-labile, sensitive to protease and RNase and requires ATP hydrolysis. Demethylating activity in vitro is dependent on the developmental stage of the embryo from which extracts are prepared. In vivo , luciferase transcripts are detected prior to de novo plasmid methylation. Furthermore, incubation of pCMVL-injected embryos with 5-azacytidine or butyrate immediately after injection inhibits plasmid methylation and extends the period of luciferase expression. When applied after de novo methylation has occurred, both inhibitors prevent methylation of newly replicated DNA and promote transgene expression. These data suggest that methylation of the injected construct during early development induces repression of the transgene, perhaps by converting the construct to a repressive chromatin structure.
Association of the Platelet Glycoprotein Ia C807T Gene Polymorphism With Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction in Younger Patients (1999)

Recently, we have shown that two alleles of the glycoprotein (GP) Ia gene, designated C807 and T807, are associated with low or high platelet GPIa-IIa density and consequently with slower or faster rate of platelet adhesion to type I collagen, respectively. This polymorphism could therefore present a genetic predisposition for the development of thrombotic disease and hemostasis. We investigated the relationship of the GPIa C807T dimorphism to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for genotyping of C807T polymorphism. DNA samples from 2237 male patients who underwent coronary angiography on account of coronary heart disease as verified illness or presumptive diagnosis were genotyped. The odds ratio was calculated as an estimate of the relative risk by multiple logistic regression. We found a strong association between the T allele and nonfatal MI among individuals younger than the mean age of 62 years (n = 1,057; odds ratio, 1.57; P = .004). The odds ratio of MI increased for T807 carriers with decreasing age. The highest odds ratio was detected within the youngest 10% of the study sample (<49 years; n = 223; odds ratio, 2.61; P = .009). In contrast, no evidence of an association between C807T dimorphism with CAD was found. Our findings suggest that inherited platelet GP variations might have an important impact on acute thrombotic disease.
Aggregation-Induced Structure Transition of Protein-Stabilized Zinc/Copper Nanoclusters for Amplified Chemiluminescence (2015)

A stable, water-soluble fluorescent Zn/Cu nanocluster (NC) capped with a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was synthesized and applied to the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate. A significantly amplified chemiluminescence (CL) from the accelerated decomposition of peroxymonocarbonate (HCO4(-)) by the nanosluster was observed. The CL reaction led to a structure change of BSA and aggregation of Zn/Cu NCs. In the presence of H2O2, Zn/Cu-S bonding between BSA scaffolds and the encapsulated Zn/Cu@BSA NC was oxidized to form a disulfide product. Zn/Cu@BSA NCs were prone to aggregate to form larger nanoparticles without the protection of scaffolds. It is revealed that the strong CL emission was initiated from the catalysis of Zn/Cu@BSA NC and the surface plasmon coupling of the formed Zn/Cu nanoparticles in a single chemical reaction. This amplified CL was successfully exploited for selective sensing of hydrogen peroxide in environmental samples.
Interactive SIGHT into information graphics (2010)

Information graphics (such as bar charts and line graphs) play a vital role in many multimodal documents. Unfortunately, visually impaired individuals who use screen reader programs to navigate through such documents have limited access to the graphics. This paper presents the Interactive SIGHT (Summarizing Information GrapHics Textually) system that provides visually impaired individuals with the high-level knowledge that one would gain from viewing graphics in electronic documents. The current system, which is implemented as a browser extension, works on simple bar charts. Once launched by a keystroke combination, Interactive SIGHT first provides a brief initial summary that conveys the underlying message of the bar chart along with the chart's most significant features. The system is then able to generate history-aware follow-up responses that provide further information upon request from the user. User evaluations with sighted and visually impaired users showed that the initial summary and follow-up responses are very effective in conveying the informational content of graphics and that the system interface is easy to use.
Nano-metal-ink-based electrode embedded in parylene HARS with the aid of the capillary effect (2007)

Microfabrication technology for free-standing parylene high-aspect-ratio structures (HARS) with embedded electrodes has been developed. Nano- metal ink is infused into capillaries in parylene HARS using the surface tension force. Micro electrodes in complex parylene springs have been successfully developed, and their robustness is demonstrated under large-amplitude in-plane vibration of the springs.
Stress Metabolism. IX. The Significance of End-Product Inhibition of Proline Biosynthesis and of Compartmentation in Relation to Stress-Induced Proline Accumulation (1976)

The rapid and extensive accumulation of proline during water stress in barley (cv. Prior) and tobacco (cv. White Burley) indicates that feedback inhibition of proline synthesis under these circumstances is unlikely. The incorporation into proline of radioactivity from administered L-[14C]glutamic acid was inhibited by the presence of proline in turgid but not in stressed tissues, suggesting that feedback inhibition of proline synthesis occurs in turgid but not in stressed tissues. An alternative explanation of the data, that the radioactivity in the L-glutamate pool of turgid tissue was diluted by non-labelled glutamate derived from the oxidation of the added proline, was not supported. Although rapid oxidation of added proline occurred, this did not appear to enter, to any significant extent, the glutamate pool concerned with proline synthesis. Neither aqueous nor non-aqueous isolation techniques demonstrated any specific enrichment with proline of specific cell fractions during stress. Moreover, in plants which had accumulated radioactivity in free proline during stress from administered L-[14C]glutamate, radioactivity accumul- ated in the proline incorporated in protein to an extent which suggested that the whole proline pool was equally available for protein synthesis. This does not favour the hypothesis that proline is accumulated exclusively in specific cellular organelles during stress.
Equivalent structures of permanent magnets and electric currents designed to generate uniform fields (1994)

Generation and confinement of a magnetic field by means of permanent magnets as well as time-independent electric currents are analyzed, and the conditions of existence of uniform field solutions are established in the general case of structures that enclose a region of arbitrary geometry. Basic properties of distributions of the electric currents are compared with the properties of yokeless structures of permanent magnets intended to generate the same uniform field within the same region.
Reliable Video Clock Time Recognition (2006)

We propose a novel approach to read the video clock in real time by recognizing the clock digits using a few techniques relative to the transition patterns of the clock. With these techniques, the clock digits are located without recognizing all the text characters overlaid together with the clock on the video, the sample digit patterns are automatically extracted and labeled in real time. The clock digits are recognized while the video is playing back without any offline training. The recognition result is further verified against the digit transition sequence to improve the performance. Experimental results show that this approach is reliable and the result is accurate regardless of the variation of font, size and color of the digit characters in different videos.
Spontaneous Interaction of Drops, Bubbles and Particles in Viscous Fluid Driven by Capillary Inhomogeneities (2001)

Spontaneous interaction of drops, bubbles, or particles in a suspension occurs when the continuous and dispersed phases are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Interfacial mass or heat transfer between a bulk fluid and a drop in the presence of an adjacent particle leads to a spatially inhomogeneous concentration or temperature distribution. This nonuniformity causes surface tension gradients along the interface that induce Marangoni type flows in the vicinity of the interface and an eventual migration of droplets or bubbles relative to each other. We review the various cases of interaction of small inclusions at small and large Peclet numbers and a range of nonlinear unsteady effects implied by convective transport and deformation of surfaces. The interaction of solid spheres with nonisothermal free interfaces and the effect of gravity are also presented.
Optical spectroscopy methods combined with multivariate statistical analysis for the classification of Cretan thyme, multi‐floral and honeydew honey (2021)

This work demonstrates that optical spectroscopic techniques in combination with multivariate statistical analysis can be a rapid, low-cost, easy-to-use approach for the determination of the botanical origin of honey without sample pretreatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Parallel volume visualization on a hypercube architecture (1992)

A parallel solution to the visualiaation of high resolution uolume data is presented. Baaed on the ray tracing (RT) uiaualization technique, the system works on a distributed memory MIMD architecture. A hybrid strategy to my tracing parallelitation is applied, using ray-dataflow within an image partition approach. This strategy allows the flexible and efiectiue management of huge dataset on architectures with limited local memory. The dataaet is distributed over the nodes using a slice-partitioning technique. The simple data partition chosen implies a atraighforward communications pattern of the visualization processes and this improves both software design and eficiency, while providing deadlock prevention. The partitioning technique used and the network interconnection topology allow for the efjicient implementation of a statical load balancing technique through pre-rendering of a low resolution image. Details related to the practical issues involved in the parallelitation of volumetric RT are discussed, with particular reference to deadlock and termination issues.
Overview of the TAC 2010 Knowledge Base Population Track (2010)

In this paper we give an overview of the Knowledge Base Population (KBP) track at TAC 2010. The main goal of KBP is to promote research in discovering facts about entities and expanding a structured knowledge base with this information. A large source collection of newswire and web documents is provided for systems to discover information. Attributes (a.k.a. “slots”) derived from Wikipedia infoboxes are used to create the reference knowledge base (KB). KBP2010 includes the following four tasks: (1) Regular Entity Linking, where names must be aligned to entities in the KB; (2) Optional Entity linking, without using Wikipedia texts; (3) Regular Slot Filling, which requires a system to automatically discover the attributes of specified entities from the source document collection and use them to expand the KB; (4) Surprise Slot Filling, which requires a system to return answers regarding new slot types within a short time period. KBP2010 has attracted many participants (over 45 teams registered for KBP 2010 (not including the RTE-KBP Validation Pilot task), among which 23 teams submitted results). In this paper we provide an overview of the task definition and annotation challenges associated with KBP2010. Then we summarize the evaluation results and discuss the lessons that we have learned based on detailed analysis. 1
Overexpression of monocarboxylate anion transporter 1 and 4 in T24-induced cancer-associated fibroblasts regulates the progression of bladder cancer cells in a 3D microfluidic device (2015)

Stromal fibroblasts are essential for tumor proliferation and invasion. Here we presented a 3-dimensional (3D) microfluidic co-culture device to reconstruct an in vivo-like tumor microenvironment for investigation of the interactions of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and bladder cancer cells. With this device, we verified that the cytokines secreted by bladder cancer cells T24 effectively transform the fibroblasts into CAFs. Compared to fibroblasts, the CAFs, which undergo the aerobic glycolysis, showed higher ability to produce lactate and provide energy for bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion. We also demonstrated that this kind of tumor-promoting effect was associated with the upregulation of monocarboxylate anion transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT4 expression in CAFs. We concluded that MCT1 and MCT4 are involved in bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Moreover, this 3D microfluidic co-culture device allows for the assay to characterize various cellular events in a single device sequentially, facilitating a better understanding of the interactions among heterotypic cells in a sophisticated microenvironment.
Simplifying microbial electrosynthesis reactor design (2015)

Microbial electrosynthesis, an artificial form of photosynthesis, can efficiently convert carbon dioxide into organic commodities; however, this process has only previously been demonstrated in reactors that have features likely to be a barrier to scale-up. Therefore, the possibility of simplifying reactor design by both eliminating potentiostatic control of the cathode and removing the membrane separating the anode and cathode was investigated with biofilms of Sporomusa ovata. S. ovata reduces carbon dioxide to acetate and acts as the microbial catalyst for plain graphite stick cathodes as the electron donor. In traditional 'H-cell' reactors, where the anode and cathode chambers were separated with a proton-selective membrane, the rates and columbic efficiencies of microbial electrosynthesis remained high when electron delivery at the cathode was powered with a direct current power source rather than with a potentiostat-poised cathode utilized in previous studies. A membrane-less reactor with a direct-current power source with the cathode and anode positioned to avoid oxygen exposure at the cathode, retained high rates of acetate production as well as high columbic and energetic efficiencies. The finding that microbial electrosynthesis is feasible without a membrane separating the anode from the cathode, coupled with a direct current power source supplying the energy for electron delivery, is expected to greatly simplify future reactor design and lower construction costs.
Inhibition of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Lesions in the JCR:LA-cp Rat by β,β′-Tetramethylhexadecanedioic Acid (MEDICA 16) (1995)

Atherosclerosis-prone, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp male rats were treated from 6 weeks to 39 weeks of age with beta,beta'-tetramethylhexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16). Body weights were reduced (13%, P < .001) at 36 weeks without any accompanying decrease in food consumption. The treatment did not cause any significant change in plasma glucose or fasting insulin concentrations. There was a significant decrease in the extreme hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans (38%, P < .05). The marked VLDL hypertriglyceridemia was decreased by 70% (P < .001), with an accompanying significant reduction in cholesterol concentrations. The severity of raised atherosclerotic lesions on the aortic arch was very markedly reduced (P < .01) in treated rats. This was accompanied by a reduction (P < .01) in the incidence of ischemic myocardial lesions. We conclude that long-term (33 weeks) MEDICA 16 treatment of an animal model for the obesity/insulin-resistant/hyperlipidemic syndrome not only markedly improved lipid metabolism, but also inhibited the development of advanced cardiovascular disease.
Phase II Study of Oral Tegafur-Uracil and Folinic Acid as First-line Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Taiwan Experience (2000)

The data from our study indicate that oral tegafur-uracil plus folinic acid is an active and tolerable first-line treatment for Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, with the additional advantage of being easily administered at home.
Full issue- READS - vol 3 issue 2 2017 (2017)

Full issue- READS - vol 3 issue 2 2017