gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital all-sky polarization imaging of partly cloudy skies (2008)

Clouds reduce the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of skylight relative to that of a clear sky. Even thin subvisual clouds in the "twilight zone" between clouds and aerosols produce a drop in skylight DOLP long before clouds become visible in the sky. In contrast, the angle of polarization (AOP) of light scattered by a cloud in a partly cloudy sky remains the same as in the clear sky for most cases. In unique instances, though, select clouds display AOP signatures that are oriented 90 degrees from the clear-sky AOP. For these clouds, scattered light oriented parallel to the scattering plane dominates the perpendicularly polarized Rayleigh-scattered light between the instrument and the cloud. For liquid clouds, this effect may assist cloud particle size identification because it occurs only over a relatively limited range of particle radii that will scatter parallel polarized light. Images are shown from a digital all-sky-polarization imager to illustrate these effects. Images are also shown that provide validation of previously published theories for weak (approximately 2%) polarization parallel to the scattering plane for a 22 degrees halo.
Effect of pH on the Viscosity of Titanium Dioxide Aqueous Dispersions with Carboxylic Acids (2007)

Dispersions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, and pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid were prepared by aqueous grinding. The pH of the dispersions was adjusted by adding either HCl or NaOH, and the viscosity of the dispersions was measured. It was found that the viscosity of the system depends strongly on pH. The qualitative interpretation of the results based on the DLVO theory is presented. The evidence of the effect of bridging interactions on the viscosity of titanium dioxide-dicarboxylic acid dispersions is discussed.
Studying the Inductive Biases of RNNs with Synthetic Variations of\n Natural Languages (2019)

How do typological properties such as word order and morphological case\nmarking affect the ability of neural sequence models to acquire the syntax of a\nlanguage? Cross-linguistic comparisons of RNNs' syntactic performance (e.g., on\nsubject-verb agreement prediction) are complicated by the fact that any two\nlanguages differ in multiple typological properties, as well as by differences\nin training corpus. We propose a paradigm that addresses these issues: we\ncreate synthetic versions of English, which differ from English in one or more\ntypological parameters, and generate corpora for those languages based on a\nparsed English corpus. We report a series of experiments in which RNNs were\ntrained to predict agreement features for verbs in each of those synthetic\nlanguages. Among other findings, (1) performance was higher in\nsubject-verb-object order (as in English) than in subject-object-verb order (as\nin Japanese), suggesting that RNNs have a recency bias; (2) predicting\nagreement with both subject and object (polypersonal agreement) improves over\npredicting each separately, suggesting that underlying syntactic knowledge\ntransfers across the two tasks; and (3) overt morphological case makes\nagreement prediction significantly easier, regardless of word order.\n
Edge-Fog cloud: A distributed cloud for Internet of Things computations (2016)

Internet of Things typically involves a significant number of smart sensors sensing information from the environment and sharing it to a cloud service for processing. Various architectural abstractions, such as Fog and Edge computing, have been proposed to localize some of the processing near the sensors and away from the central cloud servers. In this paper, we propose Edge-Fog Cloud which distributes task processing on the participating cloud resources in the network. We develop the Least Processing Cost First (LPCF) method for assigning the processing tasks to nodes which provide the optimal processing time and near optimal networking costs. We evaluate LPCF in a variety of scenarios and demonstrate its effectiveness in finding the processing task assignments.
Novel p-dopant toward highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (2018)

Zn-TFSI<sub>2</sub> is introduced as a powerful p-dopant for spiro-MeOTAD in perovskite solar cells which not only outperforms Li-TFSI but also achieves outstanding long term stability.
The Effect of Anodal Stimulation on V‐V Timing at Varying V‐V Intervals (2005)

We studied the effect of anodal capture at the ring electrode of the right ventricular (RV) lead on interventricular (V-V) timing during biventricular (BiV) pacing, in which left ventricular (LV) pacing was preceding RV pacing. The V-V interval was programmed from 80 to 4 ms (LV first) in the LV unipolar (LV tip--generator can) followed by the LV tip-RV ring pacing configuration. In the LV unipolar configuration, V-V programming leads to a continuous change in morphology of the QRS complex according to a change in collision of both activation fronts. When using the LV tip-RV ring configuration with anodal capture at the RV ring electrode no change in QRS morphology was recorded varying the V-V interval from 80 to 60 and 40 ms. However, at V-V intervals between 20 and 4 ms a change in morphology of the QRS complex was recorded, which was due to additional cathodal stimulation of the RV tip electrode during RV stimulation.
Alkine und Cumulene, XV: Über die Photodimerisierung konjugierter Enine (1981)

Abstract Vinylacetylen ( 1a ) dimerisiert bie Bestrahlung in Gegenwart von Triplettsensibilisatoren mit einer Triplettenergie > 250 KJ /mol zu cis ‐ und trans ‐1,2‐Diethinylcyclobutan ( cis ‐ und trans ‐ 2 ) sowie kleineren Mengen an 4‐Ethinyl‐1‐vinylcyclobuten ( 3 ). Die Auswirkung von Substituenten auf diese Reaktion wird untersucht: während Alkyl‐, Vinyl‐ und Phenylsubstituenten in 4‐Stellung von 1a keinen Einfluß auf die Photoaddition haben, dimerisieren 2‐substituierte Enine nur noch in schlechten Ausbeuten zu den entsprechenden Cyclobutanen. Schließlich bilden. 1‐Substituierte Vinylacetylene (außer den obigen Substituenten wurde der Einfluß von Ethinyl‐, Chlor ‐ und Methoxyresten untersucht) keine Photodimeren, sondern werden lediglich cis ‐ trans ‐isomerisiert. Der Mechanismus der Photoaddition wird diskutiert.
Pilot-Aided Channel Estimation Schemes for OFDM Systems with Cyclic Delay Diversity (2009)

Cyclic delay diversity (CDD) is a low-complexity transmit diversity technique for coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which transforms a mutiple-input channel into an equivalent single-input channel with increased frequency selectivity and provides additional frequency diversity. However, it makes channel estimation more difficulty due to the increased frequency selectivity. In this paper, we focus on the direct estimation of the equivalent single-input channel for CDD-OFDM systems. We first propose a cyclic cross-correlation channel estimation scheme based on the equispaced constant-modulus pilot structure. Using the statistical parameters of the channel and noise derived by the result of the cyclic cross-correlation channel estimation, we propose an improved channel estimation scheme based on the Wiener filter to reduce the estimation error further. Computation simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of two proposed channel estimation schemes for CDD-OFDM systems.
A stable TTI reverse time migration and its implementation (2009)

We propose a stable TTI acoustic wave equation system by revisiting the anisotropic elastic equations. A VTI equation system which is equivalent to its elastic counterpart is derived and the self‐adjoint differential operators in rotated coordinates are introduced to stabilize the TTI acoustic wave equations. Compared with conventional formulations, the new equation system does not add numerical complexity and a stable solution can be found by either a pseudo‐spectral or a high‐order explicit finite‐difference scheme. We show examples that our method provides stable and high quality TTI reverse time migration images.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Drug Design (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
REAL-TIME OBJECT DETECTION AND TRACKING FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS (2008)

International audience
Improving aspect-oriented programming with dynamic code evolution in an enhanced Java virtual machine (2010)

Dynamic aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a powerful approach for integrating new features into running applications without disrupting their execution. In Java, dynamic AOP frameworks often use runtime weaving of previously loaded classes, which is however severely restricted because of limitations in current Java Virtual Machines (JVMs). These constraints make it very difficult or even impossible to support important AOP features such as static join point information, around() advice, or explicit structural modifications of classes and the class hierarchy. In this position paper we advocate the idea of using advanced dynamic code evolution features to improve dynamic AOP. We present an enhanced JVM, based on a state-of-the-art production JVM, which offers unrestricted class redefiniton. Thanks to this feature, we are able to redesign the dynamic AOP framework HotWave in order to overcome the aforementioned restrictions in the programming model.
Directional initial access for millimeter wave cellular systems (2015)

Communication in millimeter (mmWave) bands seems an evermore promising prospect for new generation cellular systems. However, due to high isotropic pathloss at these frequencies the use of directional antennas becomes mandatory. Directivity complicates many system design issues that are trivial in current cellular implementations. One such issue is initial access, i.e., the establishment of a link-layer connection between a UE and a base station. Based on different combinations of beamforming architectures and transmission modes, we present a series of design options for initial access in mmWave and compare them in terms of delay performance. We show that the use of digital beamforming for initial access will expedite the whole process significantly. Also, we argue that low quantization digital beamforming can more than compensate for high power consumption.
Biomechanical Evaluations of Hip Fracture Prevention by Hip Protector (2004)

In order to prevent hip fracture among the elderly, hip protectors are expected to be one of the most effective methods. In the present paper, we performed dynamic finite element analyses to elucidate the mechanism of hip fracture prevention by hip protectors and to suggest a design guide. Firstly, we constructed an elderly Japanese female finite element model. The femur, soft tissue of thigh and the other body segments were incorporated into the model. Then various types of protectors were modeled, and the analyses to simulate fall were carried out by using them. The results of the simulations showed that a hollow structure pad was effective for fracture prevention, and that the mechanism of fracture prevention is not only the attenuation of impact by hip pad, but also the reduction of load on the greater trochanter due to load distribution to the surrounding soft tissue.
Flt3 Ligand Induces Monocyte Proliferation and Enhances the Function of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro (2014)

Flt3 ligand (FL), a potent hematopoietic cytokine, plays an important role in development and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells (NK). Although some post-receptor signaling events of FL have been characterized, the role of FL on Flt3 expressing human peripheral blood monocyte is unclear. In the current study, we examined the role of FL on cell survival and growth of peripheral blood monocytes and function of monocyte-derived DCs. FL promoted monocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and prevented spontaneous apoptosis. FL induced ERK phosphorylation and a specific ERK inhibitor completely abrogated FL-mediated cellular growth, while p38 MAPK, JNK, and AKT were relatively unaffected. Addition of FL to GM-CSF and IL-4 during DCs generation from monocytes increased the yield of DCs through induction of cell proliferation. DCs generated in the presence of FL expressed more costimulatory molecules on their surfaces and stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation in MLR to a higher magnitude. Furthermore, FL partially antagonized IL-10-mediated inhibition on DCs function. Further characterization of FL actions may provide new and important information for immunotherapeutic approaches utilizing DCs.
A compact driver interface for navigation and route guidance (2002)

This paper describes a compact driver interface (CDI) for an in-vehicle navigation and route guidance system. The CDI consists of a partially flexible display device, a voice output subsystem, and a driver input device. The display device, which may be mounted in the dashboard or the headliner, is spatially removed from the input device, which is mounted in or near the armrest. Despite its small size, the CDI can comfortably accommodate the features required for route guidance and is easy to operate.
A Fast Phase Tracking ADPLL for Video Pixel Clock Generation in 65 nm CMOS Technology (2011)

A phase-locked loop (PLL) for analog video RGB signal acquisition interface requires precise clock generation from a very noisy and low-frequency horizontal synchronization signal (HSYNC). In such applications, the frequency multiplication ratio is always larger than 800 and can be up to over 2600. The output pixel clock has to be phase aligned to the HSYNC. Otherwise, the displayed image will become blurry. A fast phase tracking all-digital PLL (ADPLL) for video pixel clock generation in a 65 nm CMOS technology is presented in this paper. In the proposed ADPLL, the digital loop filter eliminates the reference clock jitter effects and then the period jitter of the output pixel clock can be reduced. A time-to-digital converter (TDC) and a delta-sigma modulator (DSM) are used to perform the fast phase tracking, and the tracking jitter is controlled at less than one-third of the output pixel clock period. As compared to prior studies, the proposed ADPLL does not require an extra external oscillator to overcome the reference clock jitter effects. Thus, it has a small chip area and low power consumption, and is well-suited to video pixel clock generation applications in 65 nm CMOS process.
Studies on the Coating Materials for Forming Dies of Advanced High Strength Steel Sheets (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To increase the safety and lighten the weight of car body and chassis, the application of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) is being rapidly expanded. Current forming dies with thermal diffusion (TD) of vanadium carbide or coatings (AlTiCrN+MoS₂, TiAlN) don't have enough wear resistance and durability. The coatings shall have complex material properties, e.g., wear, temperature, fatigue resistance and low friction property. The main concept of coating and layer development is to add the low friction property through carbon addition to temperature resistant elements. The toughness, fatigue resistance and bonding are realized through nitrided layer, CrN or TiN and multilayer structure. Total 18 coatings are compared and discussed in this work. As conclusion, TiAlCN and AlTiCrN+CN show the competitive solutions.</div></div>
Demonstration of synergy with fluconazole and either ibuprofen, sodium salicylate, or propylparaben against Candida albicans in vitro (1995)

The combination of fluconazole with either ibuprofen, sodium salicylate, or propylparaben resulted in synergistic activity (fractional inhibitory index, < 0.5) against Candida albicans NCYC 620 in a microdilution checkerboard assay. Synergism between miconazole and ibuprofen was also demonstrated. In three or four clinical isolates of C. albicans from AIDS patients, the combination of fluconazole and ibuprofen was synergistic. Preparation of the inoculum and the growth conditions used were those recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for susceptibility testing. A visual estimation of total inhibition of growth and determination of an 80% reduction in the optical density at 492 nm compared with those for the control were taken as endpoints for the calculation of synergy, and a good correlation between both estimates was demonstrated.
A high performance sine wave inverter controller with capacitor current feedback and "back-EMF" decoupling (2002)

This paper presents a state space approach to the problem of controlling a single phase PWM inverter with an LC output filter. These types of inverter are often used in uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) where a sine wave output voltage is to be maintained. Output voltage control is structured around an inner filter capacitor current loop where capacitor current is sensed via a single, small current transformer. This avoids the expense of multiple, active current sensors found in alternative designs. Performance of the capacitor current loop is enhanced with active decoupling of both the DC bus and the equivalent "back-EMF" of the output voltage. The output dynamic stiffness of the system is analyzed and plotted. Experimental results yield less than 0.5% total harmonic distortion (THD) at full load (8 kW), with transient response times of less than 200 /spl mu/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Testing strategies for simulation optimization (1987)

There is increasing interest in science and industry in the optimization of computer simulation models. Often these models are not Monte-Carlo simulations, but consist of systems of differential equations, or other mathematical models. These models can present special problems to numerical optimization methods. First, derivatives are often unavailable. Second, function evaluations can be extremely expensive (e.g. 1 hour on an IBM 3090). Third, the numerical accuracy of each function value may depend on a complicated chain of calculations, and so be impractical to pre-specify. This last point makes it difficult to calibrate optimization routines that use finite difference approximations for gradients. This paper presents a strategy for comparing optimization techniques for these problems, and reviews several interesting findings for quasi-Newton methods, simplex search, and others.
Micro-Shivering Detection : Detection of human micro-shivering using a 77 GHz radar (2019)

Radars have been under steady development to track, identify, image, and classify targets. Modern radar systems, with the help of embedded systems, have additional comprehensive signal processing capabilities. They can extract useful information from very noisy data, e.g. interference from the environment and unwanted echoes which is collectively known as clutter in radar terms. Concerning the healthcare industry, radar applications for detection of vital signs, i.e. breathing and heart rate, have been extensively developed during the last few decades. Modern radar systems are expected to be a large part of non-intrusive monitoring in the coming smart home industry, where vital signs need to be monitored in the currently aging population. The research presented here is to break new ground in the radar-based healthcare technology, enabling detection of cold-induced shivering to such level that the micro-shivering can be clearly identified. To simplify the radar software optimization, a commercially available radar kit with demo application and a muscle model system using a vibration generator is used. The model is quantified through precise measurements. A simulated human body vital sign plus shivering is applied. By optimizing the radar software, the shivering amplitude and frequency are measured.
Lithium-Ion Batteries and Applications: A Practical and Comprehensive Guide to Lithium-Ion Batteries and Arrays, from Toys to Towns, Volume 1, Batteries (2020)

This comprehensive, two-volume resource provides a thorough introduction to lithium ion (Li-ion) technology. Readers get a hands-on understanding of Li-ion technology, are guided through the design and assembly of a battery, through deployment, configuration and testing. The book covers dozens of applications, with solutions for each application provided. Volume Two focuses on small batteries in consumer products and power banks, as well as large low voltage batteries in stationary or mobile house power, telecom, residential, marine and microgrid. Traction batteries, including passenger, industrial, race vehicles, public transit, marine, submarine and aircraft are also discussed. High voltage stationary batteries grid-tied and off-grid are presented, exploring their use in grid quality, arbitrage and back-up, residential, microgrid, industrial, office buildings. Finally, the book explores what happens when accidents occur, so readers may avoid these mistakes. Written by a prominent expert in the field and packed with over 500 illustrations, these volumes contain solutions to practical problems, making it useful for both the novice and experienced practitioners.
Inhibition of Neutrophil Serine Proteinases by Suramin (1997)

Suramin, a hexasulfonated naphtylurea recently used as an anti-tumor drug, is a potent inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3. The complexes it forms with these enzymes are partially active on synthetic substrates, but full inhibition takes place when elastase activity is measured with fibrous elastin or when cathepsin G activity is measured using platelet aggregation. One molecule of elastase binds four molecules of suramin with a Ki of 2 x 10(-7) M as determined by enzyme inhibition or intrinsic fluorescence enhancement of suramin. The binding curves show no sign of cooperativity or anticooperativity. The Ki for the complexes with cathepsin G and proteinase 3 are 8 x 10(-8) and 5 x 10(-7) M, respectively. Ionic strength increases the Ki of the elastase-suramin complex in a way that suggests that four of the six sulfonate groups of suramin form ionic interactions with basic residues of the enzyme and that at saturation almost all arginines of elastase form salt bridges with suramin. The neutrophil proteinase-inhibitory activity of suramin might be used to prevent tissue destruction and thrombus formation in diseases where massive infiltration and activation of neutrophils take place.
Improvements in 2.4 kbps high-quality speech coding (1992)

An algorithm for 2.4 kb/s speech coding is described. The main problem addressed is the coding of voiced speech. A way of coding the pitch structure is introduced. Compared with traditional coding schemes, it results in a better compromise between bit allocation for short-term quantization and residual coding. The coder uses vector quantization of the short-term parameters (line spectrum frequencies). The residual is lowpass filtered to obtain the baseband signal. Unvoiced frames are coded by means of a method based on repetition and interpolation of pitch pulses. The method exploits the high correlation between pitch pulses. Harmonic postfiltering is applied to obtain an improved high-frequency regeneration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>