gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The first results of the pilot project on complex diagnosing earthquake precursors on Sakhalin (2009)

The results of the first stage of the pilot project on the complex monitoring of the atmospheric and ionospheric parameters, conducted on the instructions of the Russian Federation Government in order to decrease risk of destructive earthquakes in the Far East, are presented. The experiment was performed before and during a strong (M = 6.3) earthquake that occurred on August 2, 2007, on Sakhalin. The meteorological data (relative humidity and temperature), cloudiness anomalies according to the TERRA and AQUA satellite data, thermal anomalies of outgoing IR radiation according to the NOAA satellite data, variations in the total electron content according to the GPS data, and tomographic reconstructions of the ionosphere vertical structure according to the TRANSIT satellite data have been analyzed. The indications, typical of earthquake preparation and previously presented in the publications devoted to studying earthquake precursors, have been detected in all analyzed parameters. Synchronism and localization of the anomalies, registered using different methods in different geophysical fields, make it possible to assume that these anomalies have a common source, which could be the earthquake preparation process that is explained using the developed complex model of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC).
Beyond the blackbody radiation limit: high-sensitivity thermal detectors (2010)

The blackbody radiation limit has traditionally been set forth as the ultimate performance limit of thermal detectors. However, this fundamental limit assumes that the detector absorbs uniformly throughout the thermal spectrum. In much the same way as photon detectors can achieve very high D* because they do not absorb photon energies below their bandgap, so too can thermal detectors except that thermal detectors are not limited to cryogenic operation. In both cases, the enhanced theoretical D* is achieved because the radiation noise is reduced in a device that does not absorb at a uniform high level throughout the thermal emission band. There are multiple ways to achieve high D* in thermal detectors. One is to use materials that absorb only in a certain spectral range, just as in photon detectors. For example a detector made from PbSe, with proper optical coupling, absorbs only photons with wavelengths shorter than 4.9μm. The radiation limited detectivity of such a device can theoretically exceed 9 x 1010cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>/W in the MWIR. Even with Johnson and 1/f noise estimates included, it can still exceed 2.5x1010cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>/W in the MWIR. Another technique, applicable for narrowband thermal detectors, is probably even more powerful. Consider a thermal detector that is almost completely transparent. Here, the radiation noise has been reduced but the signal has been reduced even more. However, if the device is now placed inside an optical cavity, then at one wavelength and in one direction, the nearly transparent detector couples to the cavity resonance to absorb at 100%. Radiation from all other wavelengths and directions are rejected by the cavity or are absorbed only weakly by the detector. It is shown that theoretically, the D* of these devices are roughly proportional to the inverse square root of the spectral resonant width under certain conditions. It is also shown that even including Johnson noise and 1/f noise, the practically achievable D* approaches or exceeds 10<sup>11</sup> cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>/W.
Transparent, flexible supercapacitors from nano-engineered carbon films (2012)

Here we construct mechanically flexible and optically transparent thin film solid state supercapacitors by assembling nano-engineered carbon electrodes, prepared in porous templates, with morphology of interconnected arrays of complex shapes and porosity. The highly textured graphitic films act as electrode and current collector and integrated with solid polymer electrolyte, function as thin film supercapacitors. The nanostructured electrode morphology and the conformal electrolyte packaging provide enough energy and power density for the devices in addition to excellent mechanical flexibility and optical transparency, making it a unique design in various power delivery applications.
Efficient Coding Architectures for Reed–Solomon and Low-Density Parity-Check Decoders for Magnetic and Other Data Storage Systems (2018)

High-performance error correction codes are used in high-density data storage devices to overcome noise and channel impairments. In this paper, we develop novel and efficient decoding architectures for Reed-Solomon (RS) and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that are used in almost all data storage devices. First, we present a high-speed low-latency hard-decision-based pipelined RS decoder architecture that computes the error locator polynomial in exactly 2t clock cycles without parallelism. The RS decoder is a two-stage pipelined engine operating at the least latency possible, thereby, significantly reducing the size of the delay buffer. The RS decoder is implemented using Cadence tools and Kintex-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA). The technology-scaled normalized throughput of the pipelined RS decoder is almost two times compared with the existing decoders. The overall processing latency is reduced by almost 80% compared with the existing designs. Second, we design a high-throughput LDPC decoder using layered and non-layered min-sum algorithm based on non-uniform quantization (NUQ) on an FPGA kit. Unlike the standard state-of-the-art uniform quantization used in virtually all decoder circuits, our NUQ technique: 1) achieves a slight performance improvement of ~0.1 dB in the signal-to-noise ratio using equal number of bits and 2) yields 20% area savings (using 1 bit less) for the block RAMs used for storing intermediate check node and variable node messages.
Nested Sparse Feedback Codes for Point-to-Point, Multiple Access, and Random Access Channels (2021)

This paper investigates variable-length feedback codes for discrete memoryless channels in point-to-point, multiple access, and random access communication. The proposed nested code employs L decoding times $n_{1}, n_{2}, \ldots, n_{L}$ for the point-to-point and multiple access channels and KL decoding times $\left\{n_{k, \ell}: 1 \leq k \leq K, 1 \leq \ell \leq L\right\}$ for the random access channel with at most K active transmitters; in the latter case, decoding times $n_{k, \ell}, 1 \leq \ell \leq L$ are reserved for decoding in the scenario where the decoder believes that the number of active transmitters is k. The code has a nested structure, i.e., codewords used to decode messages from k active transmitters are prefix of codewords used to decode messages from $k+1$ active transmitters. The code employs single-bit, scheduled feedback from the receiver to the transmitters at each potential decoding time to inform the transmitters whether or not it is able to decode. Transmitters cease transmission, thereby truncating their codewords, when no further transmissions are required by the decoder. The choice of decoding times is optimized to minimize the expected decoding time subject to an error probability constraint, and second order achievability bounds are derived.
Preparation of functionalized castor oil derivatives with tunable physical properties using heterogeneous acid and base catalysts (2015)

Functionalized castor oil derivatives are achieved from epoxidized castor oil through ring opening and transesterification reactions using heterogeneous catalysts.
A Stable Niche Supports Long-Term Maintenance of Human Epidermal Stem Cells in Organotypic Cultures (2008)

Stem cells in human interfollicular epidermis are still difficult to identify, mainly because of a lack of definitive markers and the inability to label human beings for label-retaining cells (LRCs). Here, we report that LRCs could be identified and localized in organotypic cultures (OTCs) made with human cells. Labeling cultures for 2 weeks with iododeoxyuridine (IdU) and then chasing for 6-10 weeks left <1% of basal cells retaining IdU label. Whole mounts demonstrated that LRCs were individually dispersed in the epidermal basal layer. Some LRCs, but not all, colocalized with cells expressing melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, a putative stem cell marker. Although we found LRCs in both collagen- and scaffold-based OTCs, only the scaffold-OTCs supported long-term survival and regeneration. LRCs ' short survival in collagen-OTCs was not due to loss of appropriate growth factors from fibroblasts. Instead, it was due to expression of metalloproteinases, especially matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-14, which caused collagen fragmentation, matrix degradation, and dislocation of specific basement membrane components bound to epidermal integrins. Blocking MMP activation not only abrogated MMP-dependent matrix degradation but also increased longevity of the epidermis and the LRCs in these cultures. Such findings indicate that the stem cell niche, the microenvironment surrounding and influencing the stem cell, is essential for stem cell survival and function, including long-term tissue regeneration. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Segmented waveguides in thin silicon-on-insulator (2005)

We have developed new silicon-on-insulator waveguide designs for simultaneously achieving both low-loss optical confinement and electrical contacts, and we present a design methodology based on calculating the Bloch modes of such segmented waveguides. With this formalism, waveguides are designed in a single thin layer of silicon-on-insulator to achieve both optical confinement and minimal insertion loss. Waveguides were also fabricated and tested, and the measured data were found to closely agree with theoretical predictions, demonstrating input insertion loss and propagation loss better than 0.1 dB and -16 dB/cm, respectively.
25 W of average power at 172 nm in the vacuum ultraviolet from flat, efficient lamps driven by interlaced arrays of microcavity plasmas (2017)

More than 25 W of average power and >800 W of peak power have been generated at λ=172 nm (hν=7.2 eV) in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) from the Xe2 molecule in flat, 10 × 10 cm2 lamps having an active area and volume of 80 cm2 and <60 cm3, respectively. Powered by at least two interlaced arrays of microplasmas generated within cavities fabricated into an interior surface of the <6 mm thick lamp, these lamps have an electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency >20%. For a bipolar voltage waveform driving frequency of 137 kHz and a 54% Xe/Ne gas fill mixture at a 300 K pressure of 550 Torr, the lamp generates as much as 31.5 W of average power and intensities >350 mW cm−2 in 40–60 μJ, 70±10 ns FWHM pulses produced in a burst mode−four pulses of 600–850 W peak power in every cycle of the driving waveform. The lamp intensity is uniform to within ±2.5% at ≥10 mm from its surface and average power varies linearly with pulse repetition frequency throughout the 18−135 kHz interval. The spectral breadth of the Xe dimer emission is ∼9 nm FWHM and time-resolved, spatial intensity maps show improved utilization of the power pulse (V⋅I) with two or more microcavity arrays that are interleaved. This photonic source technology is capable of generating unprecedented power levels in the VUV spectral region (e.g., ∼2.5 kW m−2) with tiled lamps.
New concept in optical information storage: Thermal relaxation of strain birefringence (1983)

Theoretical and preliminary experimental results are presented to demonstrate a new concept in optical information storage. The recording medium is a birefringent sheet of stretched polymer; the recording event is a modification of the birefringence by the action of heat, for instance, that generated by an absorbed laser pulse, or derived from contact with a heat source; the readout is based on the detection of changes in the state of polarization of a reading beam.
Caching multidimensional queries using chunks (1998)

Caching has been proposed (and implemented) by OLAP systems in order to reduce response times for multidimensional queries. Previous work on such caching has considered table level caching and query level caching. Table level caching is more suitable for static schemes. On the other hand, query level caching can be used in dynamic schemes, but is too coarse for “large” query results. Query level caching has the further drawback for small query results in that it is only effective when a new query is subsumed by a previously cached query. In this paper, we propose caching small regions of the multidimensional space called “chunks” . Chunk-based caching allows fine granularity caching, and allows queries to partially reuse the results of previous queries with which they overlap. To facilitate the computation of chunks required by a query but missing from the cache, we propose a new organization for relational tables, which we call a “chunked file.” Our experiments show that for workloads that exhibit query locality, chunked caching combined with the chunked file organization performs better than query level caching. An unexpected benefit of the chunked file organization is that, due to its multidimensional clustering properties, it can significantly improve the performance of queries that “miss” the cache entirely as compared to traditional file organizations.
Intracrinology (1993)

The prostate synthesizes androgens from dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate and contains all the enzymes required to synthesize dihydrotestosterone from these precursors. About 50% of the androgens that stimulate prostate cancer are produced in the prostate; therefore, besides blocking the testes, combination therapy to block dihydrotestosterone's interaction with androgen receptors is essential.
Peak-to-average power ratio reduction of an OFDM signal using partial transmit sequences with embedded side information (2002)

OFDM is an attractive technique for achieving high-bit-rate wireless data transmission. However, the potentially large peak-to-average power ratio (PAP) of a multicarrier signal has limited its application. Previously, we described a technique, based on partial transmit sequences, that provides improved PAP statistics with little loss in efficiency, and which is more easily implemented than the standard partial transmit sequence approach. One of the remaining challenges is how to transmit knowledge about the combining sequence to the receiver in a reliable fashion. Here, we describe a technique, using no overhead, for embedding this information within the transmitted data and reliably recovering it at the receiver.
Efficient user interest estimation in fisheye views (2003)

We present a new technique for efficiently computing Degree-of-Interest distributions to inform the visualization of graph-structured data. The technique is independent of the interest distribution used and enables fluid interaction with very large data sets (over 100,000 nodes).
Minor Capsid Protein L2 Polytope Induces Broad Protection against Oncogenic and Mucosal Human Papillomaviruses (2017)

The amino terminus of the human papillomavirus (HPV) minor capsid protein L2 contains a major cross-neutralization epitope which provides the basis for the development of a broadly protecting HPV vaccine. A wide range of protection against different HPV types would eliminate one of the major drawbacks of the commercial, L1-based prophylactic vaccines. Previously, we have reported that insertion of the L2 epitope into a scaffold composed of bacterial thioredoxin protein generates a potent antigen inducing comprehensive protection against different animal and human papillomaviruses. We also reported, however, that although protection is broad, some oncogenic HPV types escape the neutralizing antibody response, if L2 epitopes from single HPV types are used as immunogen. We were able to compensate for this by applying a mix of thioredoxin proteins carrying L2 epitopes from HPV16, -31, and -51. As the development of a cost-efficient HPV prophylactic vaccines is one of our objectives, this approach is not feasible as it requires the development of multiple good manufacturing production processes in combination with a complex vaccine formulation. Here, we report the development of a thermostable thioredoxin-based single-peptide vaccine carrying an L2 polytope of up to 11 different HPV types. The L2 polytope antigens have excellent abilities in respect to broadness of protection and robustness of induced immune responses. To further increase immunogenicity, we fused the thioredoxin L2 polytope antigen with a heptamerization domain. In the final vaccine design, we achieve protective responses against all 14 oncogenic HPV types that we have analyzed plus the low-risk HPVs 6 and 11 and a number of cutaneous HPVs.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Infections by a large number of human papillomaviruses lead to malignant and nonmalignant disease. Current commercial vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) effectively protect against some HPV types but fail to do so for most others. Further, only about a third of all countries have access to the VLP vaccines. The minor capsid protein L2 has been shown to contain so-called neutralization epitopes within its N terminus. We designed polytopes comprising the L2 epitope amino acids 20 to 38 of up to 11 different mucosal HPV types and inserted them into the scaffold of thioredoxin derived from a thermophile archaebacterium. The antigen induced neutralizing antibody responses in mice and guinea pigs against 26 mucosal and cutaneous HPV types. Further, addition of a heptamerization domain significantly increased the immunogenicity. The final vaccine design comprising a heptamerized L2 8-mer thioredoxin single-peptide antigen with excellent thermal stability might overcome some of the limitations of the current VLP vaccines.
XenTune: Detecting Xen Scheduling Bottlenecks for Media Applications (2010)

Virtualization provides enormous economic and ecological benefits by enabling server consolidation and supporting low-cost green data centers. A key component of the hypervisor in a virtualized system is the scheduler. A typical scheduler provides parameters to influence the hypervisor's behavior. Specifically, an application's performance on the popular open-source Xen virtualization platform can be influenced by tuning its scheduler behavior using the weight, cap, and processor pinning variables. However, determining which parameters to tune and how to do that is non-trivial. In this paper, we introduce XenTune, a monitoring tool for the credit scheduler in Xen that helps in understanding application behavior in scheduler terms and assists in determining scheduler parameters. We demonstrate how the tool is used with application domains - specifically a media application domain. We demonstrate experimental results using a real work-load that shows the considerable benefits of correct scheduler parameter choices. XenTune had helped in the design of a recently proposed scheduler S and in this paper we show how scheduler S interacts with the media application to optimize its performance.
Quadrature Index Modulation Based Multiple Access Scheme for 5G and Beyond (2019)

Index Modulation Multiple Access (IMMA) technique is proposed recently as a viable candidate for future wireless networks. The idea is to utilize the available orthogonal resources for multiple users as index constellation symbols and allow users to access all available resources without any need of scheduling algorithm. Yet, IMMA receiver applies brute-force search algorithm and suffers from immense computational complexity. Also, IMMA applies index modulation and allows each user to activate a single orthogonal resource at each transmission time. Hence, this letter aims at enhancing the overall performance of IMMA by allowing each user to activate two of the available orthogonal resources to transmit orthogonal data. As well, a novel low complexity receiver is proposed and shown to significantly reduce the computational complexity without any performance degradation. The new scheme is called Quadrature IMMMA (QIMMA) and shown to have superior performance, in terms of number of users and error probability, as compared to IMMA scheme. Analytical framework to compute the average bit error probability for the proposed QIMMA is derived and substantiated through Monte Carlo simulation results.
Adaptive Control of the NASA Generic Transport Model Using Retrospective Cost Optimization (2009)

We provide a detailed description of retrospective-cost based adaptive control, which is a discrete-time adaptive control law for stabilization, command following, and disturbance rejection that is effective for systems that are unstable, MIMO, and/or nonminimum phase. The adaptive control algorithm includes guidelines concerning the modeling information needed for implementation. This information includes the sign of the high-frequency gain as well as the nonminimum-phase zeros. Except when the plant has nonminimum-phase zeros whose absolute value is less than the plant’s spectral radius, the required information can be approximated by a sufficient number of Markov parameters. No additional information about the poles or zeros need be known, and no matching conditions are required. We apply this adaptive control technique to NASA’s Generic Transport Model to illustrate disturbance rejection under unknown, reduced controller authority.
Precursor Transformation during Molecular Oxidation Catalysis with Organometallic Iridium Complexes (2013)

We present evidence for Cp* being a sacrificial placeholder ligand in the [Cp*Ir(III)(chelate)X] series of homogeneous oxidation catalysts. UV-vis and (1)H NMR profiles as well as MALDI-MS data show a rapid and irreversible loss of the Cp* ligand under reaction conditions, which likely proceeds through an intramolecular inner-sphere oxidation pathway reminiscent of the reductive in situ elimination of diolefin placeholder ligands in hydrogenation catalysis by [(diene)M(I)(L,L')](+) (M = Rh and Ir) precursors. When oxidatively stable chelate ligands are bound to the iridium in addition to the Cp*, the oxidized precursors yield homogeneous solutions with a characteristic blue color that remain active in both water- and CH-oxidation catalysis without further induction period. Electrophoresis suggests the presence of well-defined Ir-cations, and TEM-EDX, XPS, (17)O NMR, and resonance-Raman spectroscopy data are most consistent with the molecular identity of the blue species to be a bis-μ-oxo di-iridium(IV) coordination compound with two waters and one chelate ligand bound to each metal. DFT calculations give insight into the electronic structure of this catalyst resting state, and time-dependent simulations agree with the assignments of the experimental spectroscopic data. [(cod)Ir(I)(chelate)] precursors bearing the same chelate ligands are shown to be equally effective precatalysts for both water- and CH-oxidations using NaIO4 as chemical oxidant.
Optimum length of one-stage polarization-mode dispersion compensators with a fixed delay line (2003)

We investigate the performance of the one-stage polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensator with a fixed delay line. We find that there exists an optimum delay line length for the PMD compensator and the optimum delay line length decreases with the increase of signal bandwidths. We show that such PMD compensators, when optimized, can achieve almost the same performance as that achieved by those with a variable delay line.
Role of Mast Cells in Male Chronic Pelvic Pain (2012)

Results suggest that mast cells are important mediators of chronic pelvic pain in experimental autoimmune prostatitis cases. They may be potential targets for therapeutic intervention in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.