gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer of YAC Clones to New Yeast Hosts (2003)

Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones are propagated in yeast, a host organism with a variety of established techniques for altering DNA sequences by homologous recombination in vivo. The modification of existing YAC clones allows the removal of undesired insert DNA (e.g., neighboring coding sequences or chimeric segments), the introduction of new selectable markers, or the replacement of wild-type DNA with defined mutant alleles. To use existing vector systems for YAC manipulation by homologous recombination, transfer to other yeast hosts is often necessary. The development of alternative host strains has been motivated in part by the paucity of nonreverting genetic markers in the genotype of the common library host AB1380 (1). In addition, clones with unstable inserts may be more faithfully propagated in recombination-deficient yeast strains (see, e.g., 2–4).
Little Is Much: Bridging Cross-Platform Behaviors through Overlapped Crowds (2016)

People often use multiple platforms to fulfill their different information needs. With the ultimate goal of serving people intelligently, a fundamental way is to get comprehensive understanding about user needs. How to organically integrate and bridge cross-platform information in a human-centric way is important. Existing transfer learning assumes either fully-overlapped or non-overlapped among the users. However, the real case is the users of different platforms are partially overlapped. The number of overlapped users is often small and the explicitly known overlapped users is even less due to the lacking of unified ID for a user across different platforms. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised transfer learning method to address the problem of cross-platform behavior prediction, called XPTrans. To alleviate the sparsity issue, it fully exploits the small number of overlapped crowds to optimally bridge a user's behaviors in different platforms. Extensive experiments across two real social networks show that XPTrans significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art. We demonstrate that by fully exploiting 26% overlapped users, XPTrans can predict the behaviors of non-overlapped users with the same accuracy as overlapped users, which means the small overlapped crowds can successfully bridge the information across different platforms.
Atmospheric Reactions of CH<sub>3</sub>S Radicals (1989)

Rate coefficients have been measured for the reactions of CH3S radicals with NO2 and O2 at 298 K. The rate coefficient for CH3S + NO2 is (6.1 ± 0.7) x 10-11 cm3 molec-1 s-1. NO was found to be the major product of the reaction, consistent with the mechanism CH3S + NO2 → CH3SO + NO. CH3SO reacts with NO2 to give CH3SO2 + NO. We were only able to assign an upper limit, = 2.5 x 10-18 cm3 molec-1 s-1, to the rate coefficient for the reaction of CH3S with O2. Despite this low rate coefficient this reaction could still be important in the marine troposphere. The impact of these rate coefficients on the production of SO2 and CH3SO3H in the atmosphere is discussed.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Sensitive, Red‐Emitting, Fluorogenic Dye for Microviscosity and Mitochondrial Imaging in Embryonic Stem Cells (2017)

Abstract Bright, sensitive fluorescent probes that respond to changes in the cellular microenvironment are extremely valuable for imaging cellular dynamics. We report a simple, one‐step synthesis of a new hemicaynine (HC‐ 1 ) dye as a sensitive, red‐emitting (λ max ‐610 nm) fluorogenic probe for micro‐viscosity and local order in diverse environments, including live cells. HC‐ 1 responds to increasing micro‐viscosity through changes in fluorescence intensity and lifetime, and is sensitive enough to report dynamic micellar self‐assembly. While HC‐ 1 shows properties of a molecular ‘rotor’, time‐dependent density functional theoretical analysis reveals that in HC‐ 1 , an inhibition of photo‐isomerization in viscous environment is the likely cause of fluorescence enhancement. HC‐ 1 localizes to mitochondria in live cells and responds to mitochondrial ordering through a significant increase in fluorescence. Strikingly, we show that HC‐ 1 is also a sensitive probe for the spatial heterogeneity of mitochondrial organization in embryonic stem cells as well as dynamic remodeling of the mitochondria in early‐differentiated cells.
Independent binding of peptide ligands to the SH2 and SH3 domains of Grb2. (1994)

Grb2, composed entirely of SH2 and SH3 domains, serves as an adaptor protein in signaling from growth factor-activated tyrosine kinase receptors. It interacts via its SH2 domain with the autophosphorylated carboxyl-terminal tail of activated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and via its SH3 domains with proline-rich sequences in the Ras guanine nucleotide releasing factor, Son of sevenless (Sos). Recruitment of the Grb2-Sos complex to the receptor upon its stimulation leads to Ras activation. A major question remains as to whether SH2-mediated binding of Grb2 to the activated receptor results in conformational changes that influence its SH3-mediated association with Sos, thereby affecting Sos activity. This question is addressed through studies of the binding to intact Grb2 of an EGF receptor-derived phosphotyrosine-containing peptide and a Sos-derived proline-rich peptide using isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance measurements. The phosphopeptide binds to Grb2 in a 1:1 complex, with a KD of 0.4 microns. The Sos proline-rich peptide binds to Grb2 in a 2:1 complex, with a KD of 22 microns. Saturation of the SH2 domain of Grb2 with the EGFR phosphopeptide was found not to affect its subsequent binding to the Sos peptide. Thus we detected no influence of SH2 binding upon SH3-mediated interactions, suggesting that the domains do not communicate, and that recruitment itself of Sos to the cell surface is sufficient for Ras signaling.
Dynamic nuclear polarization with a cyclotron resonance maser at 5 T (1993)

DNP (dynamic nuclear polarization) experiments at 5 T are reported, in which a cycoltron resonance maser (gyrotron) is utilized as a 20 W, 140 GHz microwave source to perform the polarization. MAS (magic angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy with DNP has been performed on samples of polystyrene doped with the free radical BDPA (\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\gamma}-bisdiphenylene-\ensuremath{\beta}-phenylallyl) at room temperature. Maximal DNP enhancements of \ensuremath{\sim}10 for $^{1}\mathrm{H}$ and \ensuremath{\sim}40 for $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ are observed and are considerably larger than expected. The DNP and spin relaxation mechanisms that lead to these enhancements at 5 T are discussed.
Alpha-Synuclein Physiology and Pathology: A Perspective on Cellular Structures and Organelles (2020)

Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is localized in cellular organelles of most neurons, but many of its physiological functions are only partially understood. α-syn accumulation is associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy as well as other synucleinopathies; however, the exact pathomechanisms that underlie these neurodegenerative diseases remain elusive. In this review, we describe what is known about α-syn function and pathophysiological changes in different cellular structures and organelles, including what is known about its behavior as a prion-like protein. We summarize current knowledge of α-syn and its pathological forms, covering its effect on each organelle, including aggregation and toxicity in different model systems, with special interest on the mitochondria due to its relevance during the apoptotic process of dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, we explore the effect that α-syn exerts by interacting with chromatin remodeling proteins that add or remove histone marks, up-regulate its own expression, and resume the impairment that α-syn induces in vesicular traffic by interacting with the endoplasmic reticulum. We then recapitulate the events that lead to Golgi apparatus fragmentation, caused by the presence of α-syn. Finally, we report the recent findings about the accumulation of α-syn, indirectly produced by the endolysosomal system. In conclusion, many important steps into the understanding of α-syn have been made using <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models; however, the time is right to start integrating observational studies with mechanistic models of α-syn interactions, in order to look at a more complete picture of the pathophysiological processes underlying α-synucleinopathies.
Body pointing, acquisition and tracking for small satellite laser communication (2019)

Free-space optical communications in space offer many benefits over established radio frequency based communication links; in particular, high beam directivity results in efficient power usage. Such a reduced power requirement is particularly appealing to small satellites with strict size, weight and power (SWaP) requirements. In the case of free-space optical communication, precise pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) of the incoming beam is necessary to close the communication link. Due to the narrow beam of the laser, the critical task of accomplishing PAT becomes increasingly arduous and often requires complex systems of optical and processing hardware to account for relative movement of the terminals. Recent developments in body pointing mecha- nisms have allowed small satellites to point with greater precision. In this work, we consider an approach to a low-complexity PAT system that utilizes a single quad-cell photodetector as an optical spatial sensor, and exploits the body pointing capabilities of the spacecraft to perform the tracking maneuvers, eschewing the need for additional dedicated optical hardware. We look at the PAT performance of this approach from a systems analysis viewpoint and present preliminary experimental results. In particular, we examine the implementation of the system on NASA's TeraByte InfraRed Delivery (TBIRD) demonstration.
A 1-MHz-bandwidth second-order continuous-time quadrature bandpass sigma-delta modulator for low-IF radio receivers (2002)

This paper presents a quadrature bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with continuous-time architecture. Due to the continuous-time architecture and the inherent anti-aliasing filter, the proposed /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator needs no additional anti-aliasing filter in front of the modulator in contrast to quadrature bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators with switched-capacitor architectures. The second-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator digitizes complex analog I/Q input signals at 1-MHz intermediate frequency and operates within a clock frequency range of 25-100 MHz. The modulator chip achieves a peak signal-to-noise-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 56.7 dB and a dynamic range of 63.8 dB within a 1-MHz signal bandwidth and at a clock frequency of 100 MHz. Furthermore, it provides an image rejection of at least 40 dB. The 0.65-/spl mu/m BiCMOS chip consumes 21.8 mW at 2.7-V supply voltage.
Review of Adhesion Fundamentals for Micron-Scale Particles (2008)

The effects of various fundamental forces on the adhesion of fine dust particles are reviewed. The particle-size and distance variation of surface-energy related (e.g., van der Waals) forces are compared to similar relations for static-electric image-forces for tribo-charged particles near (or contacting) conducting surfaces. The van der Waals force (between macroscopic spheres), a patch-charge image-force and static-electric image-forces all exhibit an inverse square variation with distance; however, these forces have dramatically different ranges-of-effect. The very short-range nature of van der Waals forces (of order 10nm) is a major reason that most real contacts, involving non-smooth surfaces, exhibit adhesion forces that are substantially lower than values predicted for smooth particles. Based on studies of Lunar and Martian regolith stimulant powders, triboelectric charges on fine particles appear to scale linearly with particle size. It is shown that below some threshold size, the adhesion (to conducting surfaces) of charged dust particles possessing such a linear charge-to-size scaling relationship, may be dominated by image-charge forces, instead of surface-energy related interactions. This is counter to what might have been expected from a cursory examination of the fundamental force relations, which would suggest van der Waals adhesion forces would dominate for small particle sizes.
AutoFocus: Efficient Multi-Scale Inference (2019)

This paper describes AutoFocus, an efficient multi-scale inference algorithm for deep-learning based object detectors. Instead of processing an entire image pyramid, AutoFocus adopts a coarse to fine approach and only processes regions which are likely to contain small objects at finer scales. This is achieved by predicting category agnostic segmentation maps for small objects at coarser scales, called FocusPixels. FocusPixels can be predicted with high recall, and in many cases, they only cover a small fraction of the entire image. To make efficient use of FocusPixels, an algorithm is proposed which generates compact rectangular FocusChips which enclose FocusPixels. The detector is only applied inside FocusChips, which reduces computation while processing finer scales. Different types of error can arise when detections from FocusChips of multiple scales are combined, hence techniques to correct them are proposed. AutoFocus obtains an mAP of 47.9% (68.3% at 50% overlap) on the COCO test-dev set while processing 6.4 images per second on a Titan X (Pascal) GPU. This is 2.5× faster than our multi-scale baseline detector and matches its mAP. The number ofpixels processed in the pyramid can be reduced by 5× with a 1% drop in mAP. AutoFocus obtains more than 10% mAP gain compared to RetinaNet but runs at the same speed with the same ResNet-101 backbone.
The smile of pain (2009)

aPhysiological Psychology, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Markuspl. 3, 96045 Bamberg, Germany bDepartment of Stomatology and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal, Universite de Montreal, Canada cDepartment of Psychology, University of Northern British Columbia, Canada *Corresponding author. Address: Physiological Psychology, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Markuspl. 3, 96045 Bamberg, Germany. Tel.: +49 951 8631850; fax: +49 951 8631976. E-mail: [email protected] Received December 19, 2008; Received in revised form April 4, 2009; Accepted April 10, 2009.
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, studied with operon and protein fusions (1988)

Protein and operon fusions between the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene, sodA, and genes of the lactose operon were constructed in an attempt to explore the effects of various factors on MnSOD expression and the level at which they operate. In sodA-lacZ protein fusions, induction of beta-galactosidase perfectly mimicked MnSOD induction (i.e., beta-galactosidase was not expressed in anaerobiosis and was induced by oxygen, redox-cycling compounds in aerobiosis, and iron chelators in anaerobiosis). In tac-sodA operon fusions, MnSOD induction was monitored only by the lactose operon inducer isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Various plasmids carrying part or all of the sodA regulatory and structural region inhibited aerobic beta-galactosidase induction in sodA-lacZ fusions. This included plasmids carrying only the transcription start and upstream region and also plasmids which did not contain this region and in which MnSOD was under foreign transcriptional control. The role of metal ions was also investigated. Addition of Mn(II) enhanced MnSOD activity but did not affect induction. The anaerobic expression of MnSOD from the oxygen-insensitive tac promoter was enhanced threefold by iron-chelating agents, implying a posttranscriptional or most likely a posttranslational modulation of enzyme activity via metal ions. To accommodate all these data, multiregulation of MnSOD is proposed.
Examining The Role of Smart TVs and VR HMDs in Synchronous At-a-Distance Media Consumption (2016)

This article examines synchronous at-a-distance media consumption from two perspectives: How it can be facilitated using existing consumer displays (through TVs combined with smartphones), and imminently available consumer displays (through virtual reality (VR) HMDs combined with RGBD sensing). First, we discuss results from an initial evaluation of a synchronous shared at-a-distance smart TV system, CastAway . Through week-long in-home deployments with five couples, we gain formative insights into the adoption and usage of at-a-distance media consumption and how couples communicated during said consumption. We then examine how the imminent availability and potential adoption of consumer VR HMDs could affect preferences toward how synchronous at-a-distance media consumption is conducted, in a laboratory study of 12 pairs, by enhancing media immersion and supporting embodied telepresence for communication. Finally, we discuss the implications these studies have for the near-future of consumer synchronous at-a-distance media consumption. When combined, these studies begin to explore a design space regarding the varying ways in which at-a-distance media consumption can be supported and experienced (through music, TV content, augmenting existing TV content for immersion, and immersive VR content), what factors might influence usage and adoption and the implications for supporting communication and telepresence during media consumption.
Bridging the Gap Between Nanowires and Josephson Junctions: A Superconducting Device Based on Controlled Fluxon Transfer (2019)

United States. National Science Foundation. Graduate Research Fellowship Program (Grant 1122374)
Re‐evaluation of the fludrocortisone test: duration, NaCl supplementation and cut‐off limits for aldosterone (2008)

Objective. Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to clarify whether the fludrocortisone suppression test (FST), which confirms autonomous aldosterone secretion, is reliable when carried out during a shorter period of time and (2) to confirm the importance of NaCl supplementation. The cut‐off limits already obtained for aldosterone in healthy subjects during the FST were applied in hypertensive patients with a high aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR). Material and methods. The healthy subjects were allocated to three groups. Fludrocortisone was administered 4 times daily over 4 days and sodium chloride was supplemented in 3 different doses. The result was applied in 24 hypertensive patients, in 24 healthy subjects (10 women (23–38 years old) and 14 men (23–58 years old)) and in 24 patients with hypertension and high ARR (16 women (45–74 years old) and 8 men (56–73 years old)). Blood pressure, aldosterone, renin, potassium and sodium were measured. Results. After three days of FST, there was a significant decrease in the serum level of aldosterone in the healthy subjects, regardless of high or low sodium chloride supplementation (p<0.001). The decrease in serum aldosterone was significantly less pronounced in patients with PA than in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients without PA (p<0.001). The 95th percentile of plasma aldosterone at the end of the test was 225 pmol/L. Conclusions. The FST can be shortened to 3 days and a daily 500 mg NaCl supplementation is sufficient. A cut‐off value for aldosterone of 225 pmol/L after 4 days with FST is appropriate.
Coupling step in solid phase peptide synthesis. Further competition experiments and attempts to assess formation of ion pairs (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoupling step in solid phase peptide synthesis. Further competition experiments and attempts to assess formation of ion pairsUlf Ragnarsson, Sune M. Karlsson, and Bengt E. B. SandbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 26, 3837–3841Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00940a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00940a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carborane-Based Pincers: Synthesis and Structure of SeBSe and SBS Pd(II) Complexes (2009)

We report the synthesis of several unique, boron-rich pincer complexes derived from m-carborane. The SeBSe and SBS pincer ligands can be synthesized via two independent synthetic routes and are metalated with Pd(II). These structures represent unique coordinating motifs, each with a Pd-B(2) bond chelated by two thio- or selenoether ligands. This class of structures serves as the first example of boron-metal pincer complexes and possesses several interesting electronic properties imposed by the m-carborane cage.
Sampling rate of heart rate variability impacts the ability to detect acidemia in ovine fetuses near-term (2014)

RMSSD as a measure of fHRV when calculated from FHR sampled at 1000 Hz allowed for the early detection of worsening hypoxic-acidemia in each fetus. However, when calculated at the low sampling rate of 4 Hz used clinically, RMSSD remained unchanged until terminally when the nadir pH was reached. For early detection of fetal acidemia during labor, more sensitive means of acquiring FHR are therefore recommended than currently deployed, e.g., trans-abdominal fetal ECG.
In vivo gene modification elucidates subtype-specific functions of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors. (2000)

Mice with altered alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor genes have become important tools in elucidating the subtype-specific functions of the three alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor subtypes because of the lack of sufficiently subtype-selective pharmacological agents. Mice with a deletion (knockout) of the alpha(2A)-, alpha(2B)-, or alpha(2C)-gene as well as a point mutation of the alpha(2A)-gene (alpha(2A)-D79N) and a 3-fold overexpression of the alpha(2C)-gene have been generated. Studies with these mice indicate that most of the classical functions mediated by the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor, such as hypotension, sedation, analgesia, hypothermia, and anesthetic-sparing effect, are mediated primarily by the alpha(2A)-subtype. The alpha(2B)-subtype is the principal mediator of the hypertensive response to alpha(2)-agonists, appears to play a role in salt-induced hypertension, and may be important in developmental processes. The alpha(2C)-subtype appears to be involved in many central nervous system processes such as the startle reflex, stress response, and locomotion. Both the alpha(2A)- and alpha(2C)-subtypes are important in the presynaptic inhibition of norepinephrine release and appear to have distinct regulatory roles. The ability to study subtype-specific functions in different mouse strains by altering the same alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor in different ways strengthens the conclusions drawn from these studies. Although these genetic approaches have limitations, they have significantly increased our understanding of the functions of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor subtypes.