gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic peptide‐coated bone mineral for enhanced osteoblastic activation <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

A 15-mer synthetic peptide, designated P1, was derived from the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor I and BMP receptor II binding domains of BMP-2 for the purpose of enhancing bone regeneration capacity of inorganic bovine bone mineral. A second peptide, denoted P2, was designed by adding seven glutamic acid residues to the N-terminal of P1 to increase the surface coating efficiency onto bone mineral. The coating efficiency of P1 increased with the concentration of peptide. P2 peptide, in contrast, had a higher coating efficiency at lower peptide concentrations. The peptides properly transduced intracellular signals properly via the Smad and ERK pathways, thereby increasing mineralization in vitro, implying that the peptides alone can induce osteoblastic differentiation. Adhesion of cells to bone mineral was greater when peptides were present than in bone mineral alone. P1- and P2-coated bone mineral increased osteoblastic differentiation, as demonstrated by ALPase activity. P1-coated bone mineral stimulated more new bone regeneration in bone defect sites after 2 weeks than the peptide-free control. These peptides, in combination with bone grafts or implants, have the potential to enhance osteoblastic differentiation and bone regeneration.
A NusG-like transcription anti-terminator is involved in the biosynthesis of the polyketide antibiotic TA of Myxococcus xanthus (1999)

The antibiotic TA of Myxococcus xanthus is synthesized through a type I polyketide synthase mechanism. Previous studies have indicated that several genes essential for TA production are clustered within a 40-kb region and are transcriptionally co-regulated. In this study, we report the genetic analysis of the first gene in the TA gene cluster, identified as a NusG-like transcription anti-terminator. Functional analysis of this NusG-like anti-terminator gene by specific gene disruption confirms that it is essential for TA production but not for normal growth and development.
Aero‐structural investigation of biplane wind turbine blades (2012)

ABSTRACT As wind turbines grow larger, loads increase dramatically, particularly in the inboard region of the blade. A key problem is to design a strong inboard region that supports these loads without sacrificing too much aerodynamic performance. A new design is proposed: a biplane inboard region that transitions into a joint, which connects to a monoplane outboard region. The objective is to develop biplane inboard configurations that improve the aero‐structural performance of blades. To approximately compare a conventional inboard region with a biplane inboard region, cross‐sectional properties of a thick monoplane and a biplane were measured. Numerical simulations were used to explicitly compare the aerodynamic performance of a thick monoplane with a biplane. Then, several model beams were designed to be simple approximations of a conventional blade (‘monoplane beam’) and the biplane blade (‘biplane beam’). Canonical bending loads were applied to each model beam, and their deflections were compared. Numerical simulations show that the lift‐to‐drag ratio is significantly greater for the biplane than the thick monoplane for 0° < α < 15.5°. A parametric analysis of biplane beam configurations shows that their tip deflections are smaller than monoplane beams of the same length. These benefits for the inboard region of (i) improved aerodynamics and (ii) improved strength could lead to weight reductions in wind turbine blades. Innovations that create lighter blades can make large blades a reality. These results suggest that the biplane blade is an attractive design for large blades. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Handover Mechanisms for Planned Cell Outage in Twin State Green Wireless Networks (2011)

This paper investigates possible handover mechanisms for a twin state network aimed at energy saving. We propose the twin state network as a viable 'Green' option and illustrate the possible energy savings. The challenge of conducting multiple handovers within the transit times of the twin state network, while maintaining the service quality is discussed. The possible handover solutions through multi-carrier operation, FFR and incremental coverage extension are presented in the context of LTE standards.
Altering a pseudo-random bit sequence for scan-based BIST (2002)

This paper presents a low-overhead scheme for the built-in self-test (BIST) of circuits with scan. Complete (100%) fault coverage is obtained without modifying the function logic and without degrading system performance (beyond using scan). Deterministic test cubes that detect the random-pattern-resistant faults are embedded in a pseudo-random sequence of bits generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR). This is accomplished by altering the pseudo-random sequence by adding logic at the LFSR's serial output to "fix" certain bits. A procedure for synthesizing the bit-fixing logic for embedding the test cubes is described. Experimental results indicate that complete fault coverage can be obtained with low hardware overhead. Also, the proposed approach permits the use of small LFSRs for generating the pseudo-random bit sequence. The faults that are not detected because of linear dependencies in the LFSR can be detected by embedding deterministic cubes at the expense of additional bit-fixing logic. Data is presented showing how much additional logic is required for different size LFSRs.
Isolation and Structure of the Cytostatic Lignan Glycoside Phyllanthostatin A (1988)

An unusual cytostatic (PS ED50 4 micrograms/ml) lignan ester has been isolated from the Central American tree Phyllanthus acuminatus and designated phyllanthostatin A [1]. Separation of an MeOH extract of the root by size exclusion chromatography, high speed counter-current distribution, and semipreparative hplc afforded glycoside 1 in 0.007% yield. In solution, phyllanthostatin A was slowly transformed into justicidin B [4]. The structure of lignan glycoside 1 was determined by hrfabms and 2D-nmr spectroscopy.
Developing a Vaccine Against Multiple Psychoactive Targets: A Case Study of Heroin (2011)

Heroin addiction is a wide-reaching problem with a spectrum of damaging social consequences. Currently approved heroin addiction medications include drugs that bind at the same receptors (e.g. opioid receptors) occupied by heroin and/or its metabolites in the brain, but undesired side effects of these treatments, maintenance dependence and relapse to drug taking remains problematic. A vaccine capable of blocking heroin's effects could provide an economical, long-lasting and sustainable adjunct to heroin addiction therapy without the side effects associated with available treatment options. Heroin, however, presents a particularly challenging vaccine target as it is metabolized to multiple psychoactive molecules of differing lipophilicity, with differing abilities to cross the blood brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the opiate scaffolding and hapten design considerations to confer immunogenicity as well as the specificity of the immune response towards structurally similar opiates. In addition, we detail different strategies employed in the design of immunoconjugates for a vaccine-based therapy for heroin addiction treatment.
Cantilever and phonograph pickup cartridge including said cantilever (1984)

First Page
A compact substrate integrated waveguide circularly polarized horn antenna (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) circularly polarized (CP) horn antenna. The CP horn antenna is implemented on a single-layer substrate with a thickness of 0.12λ 0 at the center frequency (1.524mm). It comprises a phase control and power divider structure, two waveguide antennas and an antipodal linearly-tapered slot antenna (ALTSA). The simulated results of the proposed horn antenna exhibit an 4.6% bandwidth (23.6GHz–24.7GHz) where the axial ratio is below 3dB and VSWR is below 2. The gain of the antenna is around 9dB over the operating frequency range.
Data Representation for Flash Memories (2010)

In this chapter, we introduce theories on data representation for flash memories. Flash memories are a milestone in the development of the data storage technology. The applications of flash memories have expanded widely in recent years, and flash memories have become the dominating member in the family of non-volatile memories. Compared to magnetic recording and optical recording, flash memories are more suitable for many mobile-, embeddedand mass-storage applications. The reasons include their high speed, physical robustness, and easy integration with circuits. The representation of data plays a key role in storage systems. Like magnetic recording and optical recording, flash memories have their own distinct properties, including block erasure, iterative cell programming, etc. These distinct properties introduce very interesting coding problems that address many aspects of a successful storage system, which include efficient data modification, error correction, and more. In this chapter, we first introduce the flash memory model, then study some newly developed codes, including codes for rewriting data and the rank modulation scheme. A main theme is understanding how to store information in a medium that has asymmetric properties when it transits between different states.
New methods for the preparation of high-octane components from catalytic cracking olefins (2017)

A new method has been suggested for the preparation of high-octane components from the butane–butylene fraction (BBF) in two stages. At the first stage, the BBF olefins are oxidized with N2O into carbonyl compounds with high selectivity without forming the products of deep oxidation and water. The process occurs in the gas phase in a flow reactor without using a catalyst at a temperature of 400°C and a pressure of 2 MPa with high conversion of both olefins and nitrous oxide. The blending octane number of the oxidation product is 118–133 (RON) and 99–104 (MON). At the second stage, the mixture of carbonyl compounds is hydrogenated with hydrogen in the presence of the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The hydrogenation occurs at 150–160°C in a flow reactor in the gas phase. The aldehydes are completely transformed into alcohols, while the ketones can remain in the product under certain conditions. The blending octane number of the hydrogenation product is 111–112 (RON) and 95–96 (MON), which is smaller than for the BBF oxidation product, but larger than for the alkylate obtained in the course of conventional butene alkylation with isobutane (RON is 95–97 and MON is 93–95). Synthesis of high-octane components by this procedure can be useful in practice, especially in productions with huge release of nitrous oxide.
White-light whispering gallery mode resonators (2006)

We propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally white-light whispering gallery mode resonators. These resonators have essentially a continuous modal spectrum accompanied by ultrahigh-Q frequency-independent quality factors. Applications of the resonators for ringdown spectroscopy and light modulation are discussed.
Fuzzy Fuel Flow Selection Logic for a Real Time Embedded Full Authority Digital Engine Control (2000)

The control logic of the modern Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) is comprised of many control loops, each of which has a specific purpose. Typical control loops include (but are not limited to) a high or low rotor speed governor, an Acceleration and Deceleration loop, and various limiting loops for temperature, speed, fuel flow, and rate of change of fuel flow. The logic that determines which of these loops is “in control” at any particular time has a history of being very simplistic. This Selection Logic is usually nothing more that a cascade of minimum and maximum selection logic gates. Since this logic is so simplistic, the control engineer often has to “fine tune” the compensator design for each loop, in order to achieve proper performance. The purpose of this paper is to a present a means of achieving a selection logic design based on Fuzzy Logic principles. Hereafter, this shall be referred to as a Fuzzy Fuel Flow Selector. The paper provides a brief overview of the most typical architecture for real time embedded FADEC control logic, rule development for the Fuzzy Fuel Flow Selector, and a realistic implementation of the Fuzzy Fuel Flow Selector. Also provided is a typical application that is used to contrast the performance between traditional selection logic and the Fuzzy Fuel Flow Selector. An overview of the Fuzzy Logic process is also included for completeness.
Towards manufacture of ultralow loss hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (2014)

Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBGFs) are a class of optical fibers which guide light in a low index core region surrounded by a triangular lattice of air holes separated by a delicate silica web. The precise nature of this cladding structure requires extremely fine control of the fabrication parameters. While HC-PBGFs have found wide range of exciting research applications the initially anticipated potential for ultralow loss below that of single mode fiber (SMF) has yet to be realized. To date loss figures as low as 1.7 dB/km have been reported, however surface roughness at the core cladding interface limited further loss reduction. The loss of HC-PBGFs can potentially be decreased further by increasing the core dimensions and through optimisation of the fabrication process. To date, the manufacture of HC-PBGFs is reliant upon the two stage stack and draw process. To target ultralow loss below what has been reported to date it has become necessary to ensure repeatability and uniformity in the labor intensive stack and draw process. Repeatability is ensured through rigorous cleanliness throughout preform preparation and by precise fabrication control at each stage of manufacture. <br/>Figure 1. a) Scanning electron micrograph of a 19 cell core defect HC-PBGF, b) Attenuation scaling of the photonic bandgap (PBG) versus central guidance wavelength of 19 cell core defect HC-PBGF.<br/>Greater than 1 km lengths of HC-PBGF (Fig. 1a) can now be drawn with typical attenuations of the order of 2-3 dB/km and with significantly improved optical bandwidth (~ 100 nm) compared with previously reported. These developments open up HC-PBGF for a range of applications such as telecommunications, laser power delivery, gas sensing and strong light matter interactions, for which they have a clear advantage over conventional fibers. The attenuation scaling of the photonic bandgap (PBG) (solid curves) with central operating wavelength has been investigated in 19 cell core defect fibres (Fig. 1b). The expected attenuation proportional to lambda[-3] relationship (dashed red curve) is observed until the infrared absorption edge of silica (black dot dash curve) is breached and the attenuation increases (green curve). Through strategic fabrication improvements we have achieved repeatable low loss manufacture of HC-PBGFs. Future developments in fabrication control and fiber design will allow the realization of ultralow loss HC-PBGF.
Cationic Polyelectrolytes, Stable in 10 M KOH<sub>aq</sub> at 100 °C (2017)

We report on poly(arylene-imidazoliums), which were synthesized by microwave polycondensation of dialdehyde with bisbenzil and quantitatively functionalized by alkylation. This cationic polyelectrolyte is sterically protected around the C2-position and is stable in 10 M KOH<sub>aq</sub> at 100 °C (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> of >5000 h). Alkaline stability is rationalized through analyses of model compounds, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory. The polyelectrolytes form tough, pliable, transparent, ionically conductive films.
ChemInform Abstract: Piperazinyl Benzamidines: Synthesis and Affinity for the Delta Opioid Receptor. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mobility Anchor Controlled Route Optimization for Network Based Mobility Management (2007)

Future Internet Protocol mobile communications systems will implement solutions for network-based mobility management to enable mobility for terminals, which do not support Mobile IP. The Internet Engineering Task Force is specifying a base protocol for network-based mobility, which supports registration, deregistration and handover. Support for optimization will be considered in a subsequent standardization step. This paper proposes a solution to enable support for route optimization, being under control of the mobility anchor of the network-based mobility domain. The route optimization protocol solution has been specified with the objective to cope with difficult scenarios, which can occur in a network-based mobility enabled system. The protocol has been implemented and evaluated based on a base protocol specification, taking future porting into the final standard base protocol into account. Important characteristics have been obtained from a hybrid test- bed, which comprises physical and virtual network entities. The results show, that the proposed protocol sets up and maintains optimized routes efficiently.
Basic research for coloring multichannel MRI data (2000)

This is basic research for assigning color values to voxels of multichannel MRI volume data. The MRI volume data sets obtained under different scanning conditions are transformed into their components by independent component analysis (ICA), which enhances the physical characteristics of the tissue. The transfer functions for generating color values from independent components are obtained using a radial basis function network, a kind of neural net, by training the network with sample data chosen from the Visible Female data set. The resultant color volume data sets correspond well with the full-color cross-sections of the Visible Human data sets.
Distillation of Non-Stabilizer States for Universal Quantum Computation (2013)

Magic state distillation is a fundamental technique for realizing fault-tolerant universal quantum computing, and produces high-fidelity Clifford eigenstates, called magic states, which can be used to implement the non-Clifford pi/8 gate. We propose an efficient protocol for distilling other non-stabilizer states that requires only Clifford operations, measurement, and magic states. One critical application of our protocol is efficiently and fault tolerantly implementing arbitrary, non-Clifford, single-qubit rotations in average constant online circuit depth and polylogarithmic (in precision) offline resource cost, resulting in significant improvements over state-of-the-art decomposition techniques. Finally, we show that our protocol is robust to noise in the resource states.
Efficient Estimation of Spatially Varying Subsurface Scattering Parameters for Relighting (2006)

We present an image-based technique to rapidly acquire spatially varying subsurface reflectance properties of a human face. The estimated properties can be used directly to render faces with spatially varying scattering, or can be used to estimate a robust average across the face. We demonstrate our technique with renderings of peoples ’ faces under novel, spatially-varying illumination and provide comparisons with current techniques. Our captured data consists of images of the face from a single viewpoint under two small sets of projected images. The first set, a sequence of phase shifted periodic stripe patterns, provides a per-pixel profile of how light scatters from adjacent locations. The second set contains structured light and is used to obtain face geometry. We match the observed reflectance profiles to scattering properties predicted by a scattering model using a lookup table. From these properties we can generate images of the face under any incident illumination, including local lighting. The rendered images exhibit realistic subsurface transport, including light bleeding across shadow edges. Our method works more than an order of magnitude faster than current techniques for capturing subsurface scattering information, and makes it possible for the first time to capture these properties over an entire face.
New Procedure to Mask the 2,3-π Bond of the Indole Nucleus and Its Application to the Preparation of Potent Opioid Receptor Agonists with a Corynanthe Skeleton (2006)

Treatment of indole alkaloids with hypervalent iodine in the presence of ethylene glycol provides 2,3-ethylene glycol bridged adducts that could be converted into the original indoles under mild reductive conditions. This procedure, which involves masking of the reactivity of the indole nucleus at the beta-position, was utilized for the modification of the benzene ring of the indoline derivative and was applied to the preparation of potent opioid receptor agonists with the Corynanthe skeleton. [reaction: see text]
Plunger-Lift Optimization by Monitoring and Analyzing Well High Frequency Acoustic Signals, Tubing Pressure and Casing Pressure (2001)

Abstract Plunger Lift operations are difficult to optimize due to lack of knowledge of tubing pressure, casing pressure, bottomhole pressure, liquid accumulation in the tubing and location of the plunger. Monitoring the plunger position in the tubing helps the operator (or controller) to optimize the removal of liquids and gas from the well. The plunger position can be tracked from the surface by monitoring acoustic signals generated as the plunger falls down the tubing. When the plunger passes by a tubing collar recess, an acoustic pulse is generated that travels up the gas within the tubing. The acoustic pulses are monitored at the surface, and are converted to an electrical signal by a microphone. The signal is digitized, and the digitized data is stored in a computer. Software processes this data along with the tubing and casing pressure data to display plunger depth, plunger velocity and well pressures vs. time. Plunger arrival at the liquid level in the tubing and plunger arrival at the bottom of the tubing are identified on the time plots. Inflow performance is calculated. Software displays the data and analysis in several formats including a graphical representation of the well showing the tubing and casing pressures, plunger location, gas and liquid volumes and flow rates in the tubing and annulus, and inflow performance relationship at operator selected periodic intervals throughout the cycle. A field case is presented to show how this information is applied to optimization of Plunger Lift operations.
Effect of fluid medium on mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube foam (2014)

This study reports the constitutive response and energy absorption capabilities of fluid-impregnated carbon nanotube (CNT) foams under compressive loading as a function of fluid viscosity and loading rates. At all strain rates tested, we observe two characteristic regimes: below a critical value, increasing fluid viscosity increases the load bearing and energy absorption capacities; after a critical value of the fluid's viscosity, we observe a rapid decrease in the systems' mechanical performance. For a given fluid viscosity, the load bearing capacity of the structure slightly decreases with strain rate. A phenomenological model, accounting for fluid-CNT interaction, is developed to explain the observed mechanical behavior.