gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Disk Spin-Down Policies for Mobile Computers. (1995)

ABSTRACT: Mobile computers typically spin down their hard disk after a fixed period of inactivity. If this threshold is too long, the disk wastes energy; if it is too short, the delay due to spinning the disk up again frushates the user. Usage patterns change over time, so a single fixed threshold may not be appropriate at all times. Also, different users may have varying priorities with respect to trading off energy conservation against performance. We describe a method for varying the spin-down threshold dynamically by adapting to the user&apos;s access patterns and priorities. Adaptive spin-down can in some circumstances reduce by up to 507o the number of disk spin-ups that are deemed by the user to be inconvenient, while only moderately increasing energy consumption.
Evidence for a Transient Additional Ligand Binding Site in the TAS2R46 Bitter Taste Receptor (2015)

Most human G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated by small molecules binding to their 7-transmembrane (7-TM) helix bundle. They belong to basally diverging branches: the 25 bitter taste 2 receptors and most members of the very large rhodopsin-like/class A GPCRs subfamily. Some members of the class A branch have been suggested to feature not only an orthosteric agonist-binding site but also a more extracellular or "vestibular" site, involved in the binding process. Here we use a hybrid molecular mechanics/coarse-grained (MM/CG) molecular dynamics approach on a widely studied bitter taste receptor (TAS2R46) receptor in complex with its agonist strychnine. Three ∼1 μs molecular simulation trajectories find two sites hosting the agonist, which together elucidate experimental data measured previously and in this work. This mechanism shares similarities with the one suggested for the evolutionarily distant class A GPCRs. It might be instrumental for the remarkably broad but specific spectrum of agonists of these chemosensory receptors.
Combined array processing and space-time coding (1999)

The information capacity of wireless communication systems may be increased dramatically by employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. The goal of system design is to exploit this capacity in a practical way. An effective approach to increasing data rate over wireless channels is to employ space-time coding techniques appropriate to multiple transmit antennas. These space-time codes introduce temporal and spatial correlation into signals transmitted from different antennas, so as to provide diversity at the receiver, and coding gain over an uncoded system. For large number of transmit antennas and at high bandwidth efficiencies, the receiver may become too complex whenever correlation across transmit antennas is introduced. This paper dramatically reduces encoding and decoding complexity by partitioning antennas at the transmitter into small groups, and using individual space-time codes, called the component codes, to transmit information from each group of antennas. At the receiver, an individual space-time code is decoded by a novel linear processing technique that suppresses signals transmitted by other groups of antennas by treating them as interference. A simple receiver structure is derived that provides diversity and coding gain over uncoded systems. This combination of array processing at the receiver and coding techniques for multiple transmit antennas can provide reliable and very high data rate communication over narrowband wireless channels. A refinement of this basic structure gives rise to a multilayered space-time architecture that both generalizes and improves upon the layered space-time architecture proposed by Foschini (see Bell Labs Tech. J., vol.1, no.2, 1996).
Data-centric multi-level blocking (1997)

We present a simple and novel framework for generating blocked codes for high-performance machines with a memory hierarchy. Unlike traditional compiler techniques like tiling, which are based on reasoning about the control flow of programs, our techniques are based on reasoning directly about the flow of data through the memory hierarchy. Our data-centric transformations permit a more direct solution to the problem of enhancing data locality than current control-centric techniques do, and generalize easily to multiple levels of memory hierarchy. We buttress these claims with performance numbers for standard benchmarks from the problem domain of dense numerical linear algebra. The simplicity and intuitive appeal of our approach should make it attractive to compiler writers as well as to library writers.
The ANSI 49 Rectifier with Phase Shift (1984)

The ANSI 49 rectifier circuit given in the ANSI Standard C34.2-1968, Section 4 is a single-way three-phase input rectifier that has 120°rectifier conduction, six-pulse output, and does not use an interphase transformer. It is a very desirable circuit but has not been used extensively. Part of the reason for this is the need for separate phase shift transformers to cancel the source. harmonic currents when several of the rectifiers are used together. The ANSI 49 circuit, has a wye primary, six-phase star secondary, and is wound on three single-phase cores or the magnetic equivalent A modification of this circuit is described in which the wye primary is replaced with a partial zig-zag winding, where the zig. and zag windings have unequal turns. By selecting proper ratio of turns of the zig to zag winding, any desired phase shift can be secured. The new circuit is analyzed to show how it works, and test results of a laboratory model are described which fully verify that the circuit operates as theory predicts.
Non-invasive measurement of heartbeat with a hydraulic bed sensor Progress, challenges, and opportunities (2013)

A hydraulic bed sensor has been developed to non-invasively measure heartbeat during sleep. The motivation for this work is to enable early detection of physiological and behavioral change, thereby allowing effective interventions prior to an acute event. The transducer configuration and signal processing strategies have progressed to provide a low-cost, effective solution to eldercare monitoring needs. This sensor is now being deployed into the homes of elders in two locations, integrating into existing ambient sensor networks to generate clinician alerts and provide an improved quality of care. Challenges and opportunities remain, and this paper reports on the current progress and development of the system.
What's Happening and What Happened (2017)

Every day millions of users share links and post comments on different social networks. At scale, this behavior can be very useful for building a new type of search engine that exploits relevant links and their associated metadata in a temporal fashion. Our goal is to find links that are relevant on social networks as a mechanism to discover what people are talking about at a given point in time and make such information searchable and persistent. In other words, a continually updated archive of relevant content that is currently being shared, beyond the obvious trending news of the day. The techniques we use surface new and interesting content by mining social network posts that contain links, constructing diffusion trees from those links, and extracting related entities and other associated metadata. By looking at the size of the trees and their structure in combination with the conversation around each link and related topics, we designed and implemented a search engine that provides relevant fresh content and features a "wayback machine''. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by processing a dataset comprising millions of English language tweets generated over a one year period. Finally, we perform an offline evaluation of our techniques and conduct a use case study using an available data set of fake and real news links.
Process‐based approach to CO<sub>2</sub> leakage detection by vadose zone gas monitoring at geologic CO<sub>2</sub> storage sites (2012)

A critical issue for geologic carbon sequestration is the ability to detect CO 2 in the vadose zone. Here we present a new process‐based approach to identify CO 2 that has leaked from deep geologic storage reservoirs into the shallow subsurface. Whereas current CO 2 concentration‐based methods require years of background measurements to quantify variability of natural vadose zone CO 2 , this new approach examines chemical relationships between vadose zone N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 to promptly distinguish a leakage signal from natural vadose zone CO 2 . The method uses sequential inspection of the following gas concentration relationships: 1) O 2 versus CO 2 to distinguish in‐situ vadose zone background processes (biologic respiration, methane oxidation, and CO 2 dissolution) from exogenous deep leakage input, 2) CO 2 versus N 2 to further distinguish dissolution of CO 2 from exogenous deep leakage input, and 3) CO 2 versus N 2 /O 2 to assess the degree of respiration, CH 4 oxidation and atmospheric mixing/dilution occurring in the system. The approach was developed at a natural CO 2 ‐rich control site and successfully applied at an engineered site where deep gases migrated into the vadose zone. The ability to identify gas leakage into the vadose zone without the need for background measurements could decrease uncertainty in leakage detection and expedite implementation of future geologic CO 2 storage projects.
Folding, assembly, and intracellular trafficking of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein analyzed with monoclonal antibodies recognizing maturational intermediates (1996)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that bind linear or conformational epitopes on monomeric or oligomeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins were screened for their recognition of maturational intermediates. On the basis of reactivities with gp160 at different times after pulse-labeling, the MAbs were sorted into groups that exhibited binding which was immediate and constant, immediate but transient, delayed, late, or very late. This grouping was consistent with the selectivity of the MAbs for structural features of gp160. Thus, a MAb to the V3 loop reacted with envelope proteins at all times, in accord with the relative conformational independence and accessibility of the epitope. Several MAbs that preferentially react with monomeric gp160 exhibited diminished binding after the pulse. A 10-min tag occurred before gp160 reacted with conformational MAbs that inhibited CD4 binding. The availability of epitopes for other conformational MAbs, including some that react equally with monomeric and oligomeric gp160 and some that react better with oligomeric forms, was half-maximal in 30 min and closely followed the kinetics of gp160 oligomerization. Remarkably, there was a 1- to 2-h delay before gp160 reacted with stringent oligomer-specific MAbs. After 4 h, approximately 20% of the gp160 was recognized by these MAbs. Epitopes recognized by monomerspecific or CD4-blocking MAbs but not by oligomer-dependent MAbs were present on gp160 molecules associated with the molecular chaperone BiP/GRP78. MAbs with a preference for monomers reacted with recombinant or HIV-1 envelope proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the oligomer-specific MAbs recognized them in the Golgi complex. Additional information regarding gp160 maturation and intracellular trafficking was obtained by using brefeldin A, dithiothreitol, and a low temperature.
A mapping mechanism to support bitmap index and other auxiliary structures on tables stored as primary B <sup>+</sup> -trees (2003)

Any auxiliary structure, such as a bitmap or a B + -tree index, that refers to rows of a table stored as a primary B + -tree (e.g., tables with clustered index in Microsoft SQL Server, or index-organized tables in Oracle) by their physical addresses would require updates due to inherent volatility of those addresses. To address this problem, we propose a mapping mechanism that 1) introduces a single mapping table, with each row holding one key value from the primary B + -tree, as an intermediate structure between the primary B + -tree and the associated auxiliary structures, and 2) augments the primary B + -tree structure to include in each row the physical address of the corresponding mapping table row. The mapping table row addresses can then be used in the auxiliary structures to indirectly refer to the primary B + -tree rows. The two key benefits are: 1) the mapping table shields the auxiliary structures from the volatility of the primary B + -tree row addresses, and 2) the method allows reuse of existing conventional table mechanisms for supporting auxiliary structures on primary B + - trees.This paper presents the mapping mechanism, its possible application in supporting various auxiliary structures on primary B + -trees, and a case study describing its use for supporting bitmap indexes on index-organized tables in Oracle9 i . The case study demonstrates that the proposed mapping mechanism allows us to reuse existing bitmap index technologies with minimal changes. It also includes a comparison between bitmap and non-bitmap (B + - tree) index performance on index-organized tables for both single-table queries and star queries. The analytical and experimental studies show that the method is storage efficient, and (despite the mapping table overhead) provides performance benefits that are similar to those provided by bitmap indexes implemented on conventional tables.
Wide Bandgap Transit Time Devices for Achieving High Frequency Operation. (1996)

Abstract : The proposed device described offers a simple method for achieving the generation of high frequency signals. More particularly, the device pertains to achieving high frequency signals using semiconductor materials having increased electron saturation velocity over those values for gallium arsenide (GaAs) and silicon (Si). The use of such materials, together with submicron scale and nano-scale device processing techniques, affords devices having frequencies up to and including the terahertz band with high temperature and radiation hard characteristics. Such devices include transit-time-based oscillators for use in military and civilian radar receivers, logic devices, burglar/proximity alarm systems, biological/chemical agent detectors and secure communications modules.
Skip-Correlation for Multi-Power Wireless Carrier Sensing (2017)

Carrier sensing is a key mechanism that enables decentralized sharing of unlicensed spectrum. However, carrier sensing in its current form is fundamentally unsuitable when devices transmit at different power levels, a scenario increasingly common given the diversity of Wi-Fi APs in the market and the need for Wi-Fi’s co-existence with new upcoming standards such as LAA/LWA.  The primary contribution of this paper is a novel carrier sensing mechanism — skip correlation — that extends carrier sensing to accommodate multiple transmit power levels. Through an FPGA based implementation on the WARP platform, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique in a variety of scenarios including support for backward compatibility.
Air cooled bainitic steels for strong, seamless pipes Part 2 – properties and microstructure of rolled material (2009)

In the first part of the present study, two steels were designed with the aim of achieving properties consistent with the specifications for the manufacture of seamless pipes. The alloys were intended to develop into mixtures of bainitic ferrite and carbon enriched retained austenite during cooling to ambient temperature from the pipe forming operations, thus avoiding the need for subsequent heat treatment. Part 2 of the study deals with the characterisation and understanding of the mechanical properties of the two alloys. Good combinations of strength and toughness have been achieved.
Molecular and structural mapping of collagen fibril interactions (2010)

The fibrous collagens form the structural basis of all mammalian connective tissues, including the vasculature, dermis, bones, tendons, cartilage, and those tissues that support organs such as the heart, kindneys, liver, and lungs. The helical structure of collagen has been extensively studied but in addition to its helical character, its molecular packing arrangement (in its aggregated or fibrillar form) and the presence of specific amino acid sequences govern collagen's in vivo functions. Collagen's molecular packing arrangement helps control cellular communication, attachment and movement, and conveys its tissue-specific biomechanical properties. Recent progress in understanding collagen's molecular packing, fibrillar structure, domain organization, and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in light of X-ray fiber diffraction data provides significant new insights into how the ECM is organized and functions. In this review, the hierarchy of fibrillar collagen structure is discussed in the context of how this organization affects ECM–“ligand” interactions, with specific attention to collagenolysis, integrins, fibronection, glycoprotein VI receptor (GPVI), and proteoglycans (PG). Understanding the complex structure of collagen and its attached ligands should provide new insights into tissue growth, development, regeneration, and disease.
26.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Driving mirasol® Displays: Addressing Methods and Control Electronics (2011)

Abstract A mirasol display uses optical interference based MEMS pixels with inherent hysteresis and is therefore passively addressable with a near zero power hold state. This paper describes methods of addressing such a display including a method providing low power and fast addressing. The correlation between pixel optical state and capacitance allows automated tuning and invisible adjustment of the drive voltages during operation. We further describe display drive circuit architecture showing the IC configuration for a mirasol display.
Development of a controllable and continuous jumping robot (2011)

A miniature robot with continuous jumping ability is presented in this paper. The robot has a dimension about 6cm×8cm×2cm and weighs 20 grams. To achieve continuous jumping, various mechanisms are needed including the jumping mechanism, energy store and release mechanism, self-righting mechanism, and jumping direction changing mechanism. The design and analysis for those mechanisms are elaborated in this paper. Moreover, implementation and experimental results are also presented. It is shown that the robot can jump higher than 55cm with a 75° takeoff angle. The robot can be used as mobile sensors and deployed in the areas of rugged terrain and natural obstacles which are not suitable for sensors with wheels.
An algorithm for the optimal control of the driving of trains (2002)

We discuss an algorithm that optimizes the driving style of a train. The objective is to minimize the electrical energy used for traction subject to constraints such as the travel time, speed limits, available traction power, etc. The optimization is based on a nonlinear point-mass model of the train, which includes the equations of motion and which considers the set point dependent efficiency of the propulsion system. A discrete dynamic programming algorithm is developed for the deterministic and efficient numerical solution of the nonlinear optimal control problem. Both simulation results and practical measurements indicate energy savings between 10 and 30%, depending on operating conditions. The algorithm forms a suitable basis for a nonlinear model-predictive controller operating in hard real time.
Context-aware protocol engines for ad hoc networks (2009)

The protocols and architectures of the ad hoc networks of today reflect the severe memory and processing constraints that were imposed on computing equipment that was dedicated to communication tasks 40 years ago. As a result, most protocols are decoupled from the physical medium, each protocol layer operates independently of others, and processing and storage "inside" the network is kept to a minimum. We present the design and performance of a new approach to packet switching for MANETs, which we call a context-aware protocol engine. With a CAPE, nodes disseminate information in the network by means of context-aware packet switching, which enables the statistical multiplexing of bandwidth and the processing and storage of resources using integrated signaling that covers channel access, routing, and other functions, to share and store the context within which information is disseminated. Data packet headers consist of simple pointers to their context, and elections and opportunistic reservations integrated with routing are used to attain high throughput and low channel-access delay.
<title>Raman imaging of carotenoid pigments in the human retina</title> (2002)

We have generated high spatial resolution images showing the distribution of carotenoid macular pigments in the human retina using Raman spectroscopy. A low level of macular pigments is associated with an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Using excised human eyecups and resonant excitation of the pigment molecules with narrow bandwidth blue light from a mercury arc lamp, we record Raman images originating from the carbon-carbon double bond stretch vibrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, the carotenoids comprising human macular pigments. Our Raman images reveal significant differences among subjects, both in regard to absolute levels as well as spatial distribution within the macula. Since the light levels used to obtain these images are well below established safety limits, this technique holds promise for developing a rapid screening diagnostic in large populations at risk for vision loss from age-related macular degeneration.
Tunable Ultraviolet Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection of Trace Plastics and Dissolved Organic Compounds in Water (2003)

We developed a tunable (220-285-nm) UV and fixed 266-nm laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system using a spectrometer and a cooled CCD imaging detector to measure the excitation-emission matrix spectra of various compounds in water, including quinine sulfate and plastic compound bisphenol-A. The LIF instrument was used for the fast, nonspecific determination of trace amounts of dissolved organic compounds present in natural water supplies and various brand name bottled distilled water and bottled drinking water. Plastic-related compounds that leached out of plastic utensils and containers were also detected with this instrument. The sensitivity of the system was approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude better than that for a commercial system.
Current progress in dengue vaccines (2013)

Dengue is one of the most important emerging vector-borne viral diseases. There are four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV), each of which is capable of causing self-limited dengue fever (DF) or even life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The major clinical manifestations of severe DENV disease are vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage, yet the detailed mechanisms are not fully resolved. Besides the direct effects of the virus, immunopathological aspects are also involved in the development of dengue symptoms. Although no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available, several vaccine candidates are under development, including live attenuated virus vaccines, live chimeric virus vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, and live recombinant, DNA and subunit vaccines. The live attenuated virus vaccines and live chimeric virus vaccines are undergoing clinical evaluation. The other vaccine candidates have been evaluated in preclinical animal models or are being prepared for clinical trials. For the safety and efficacy of dengue vaccines, the immunopathogenic complications such as antibody-mediated enhancement and autoimmunity of dengue disease need to be considered.