gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aflatoxin Accumulation in Maize Hybrids of Different Maturities (2004)

The incidence and severity of preharvest aflatoxin is greater under drought conditions, which commonly occur late in the growing season of south and central Texas. To determine if early maturation could be used as a means of disease escape, aflatoxin contamination was measured in early‐, intermediate‐, and full‐season commercial hybrids at two Texas locations, Weslaco and College Station. The early and intermediate hybrids chosen are primarily marketed in midwestern USA while the full‐season hybrids are primarily marketed in southeastern USA. Hybrids were evaluated by inoculating ears 6 to 10 d after midsilk with Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357 using the silk channel technique and measuring aflatoxin in harvested grain using the VICAM Aflatest procedure. Across locations, full‐season hybrids had lower aflatoxin (mean = 777 ng g −1 ) levels than intermediate (mean = 1668 ng g −1 ) and early (mean = 1899 ng g −1 ) hybrids. There was an inverse correlation between silking date and aflatoxin levels at both locations ( r = −0.59, P = 0.01 at College Station and r = −0.58, P = 0.01 at Weslaco). Early and intermediate hybrids had looser husk coverage than full‐season hybrids, a characteristic that was positively correlated with aflatoxin levels at both locations. At both locations, grain yield was lower with early and intermediate hybrids than with full‐season hybrids. Early maturation in hybrids was insufficient by itself to reduce aflatoxin contamination, but it should be re‐evaluated using early maturing hybrids that have good agronomic adaptation to these two Texas growing conditions.
[The chemo-protector effects of tea and its components]. (2003)

Tea has been consumed worldwide since ancient times to maintain and improve health. Its main active components are a type of polyphenols known as flavonoids, which include catechins and theaflavins. Several epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of green tea could prevent cancer development in humans. Likewise, animal studies have shown that green tea consumption may inhibit the development of prostate and breast cancer. It has been shown that, through several mechanisms, tea polyphenols present antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities, thus affording several health benefits. It is important to better characterize tea components, to study their bio-availability and bio-transformation in vivo and to conduct clinical studies of its main active compounds.
Automated Detection and Forecasting of COVID-19 using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review (2020)

Coronavirus, or COVID-19, is a hazardous disease that has endangered the health of many people around the world by directly affecting the lungs. COVID-19 is a medium-sized, coated virus with a single-stranded RNA, and also has one of the largest RNA genomes and is approximately 120 nm. The X-Ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging modalities are widely used to obtain a fast and accurate medical diagnosis. Identifying COVID-19 from these medical images is extremely challenging as it is time-consuming and prone to human errors. Hence, artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies can be used to obtain consistent high performance. Among the AI methods, deep learning (DL) networks have gained popularity recently compared to conventional machine learning (ML). Unlike ML, all stages of feature extraction, feature selection, and classification are accomplished automatically in DL models. In this paper, a complete survey of studies on the application of DL techniques for COVID-19 diagnostic and segmentation of lungs is discussed, concentrating on works that used X-Ray and CT images. Additionally, a review of papers on the forecasting of coronavirus prevalence in different parts of the world with DL is presented. Lastly, the challenges faced in the detection of COVID-19 using DL techniques and directions for future research are discussed.
ANALISIS KONDISI SANITASI LINGKUNGAN TERKAIT PENCEMARAN TOTAL COLIFORM TERHADAP AIR TANAH DI KELURAHAN TEBET BARAT (2023)

The majority of RW 07 residents use groundwater daily. While flood and still water often happens and the inadequately of wastewater management are one of many problems RW 07 residents faced. The purpose of this research are to be able to identify sanitation condition in residential area and identify the bacteriological quality of groundwater in West Tebet Urban Village, and analyze the relationship between those variable. Total coliform test of groundwater procured from the local well using Most Probable Number (MPN) method. This research showed that the amount of total Coliform ranging from 3/ 100 ml to >240.000/ 100 ml and as much as 83% of groundwater in local wells have surpassed the amount Total Coliform standard which Indonesian Health Ministry regulated in No. 416/ Menkes/ IX/ 1990. Other than that, the result showed that there is no relation between septic tank and drainage distance also well depth to the amount of Total Coliform.
Amino-functionalized polysaccharide derivatives: Synthesis, properties and application (2022)

Polysaccharides, cellulose and chitin are fundamental structural biopolymers of our biome, they therefore demonstrate relatively high tensile strength compared to other biopolymers and great diversity. Aqueous insolubility is a natural requirement for these polymers to be fit for purpose. However, non-natural aminated polysaccharides, such as 6-deoxy-6-amino derivatives, display improved solubility profiles, thus allowing further modification in a wider range of protic and aprotic polar solvents. Improved aqueous solubility and additional charge density aids, among others, modest antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and gene transfection properties. Cellulosic and chitinous feedstock is naturally abundant and ideal for further valorisation. However, limitations in environmentally desirable solvents and inconsistency in chemical processing are a key hurdle in the path to commercial exploitation of 6-deoxy-6-aminocellulose and 6-deoxy-6-aminochitosan. This review intents to highlight the successes and challenges in the chemical process methodology that influence optimal valorisation of cellulosic and chitinous waste in the context of exploiting waste derived biopolymers. Note that this review is focused on the synthesis of 6-deoxy-6-amino derivatives and not 6-O-linked aminated derivatives.
OASiS: A Programming Framework for Service-Oriented Sensor Networks (2007)

Wireless sensor networks consist of small, inexpensive devices which interact with the environment, communicate with each other, and perform distributed computations in order to monitor spatio-temporal phenomena. These devices are ideally suited for a variety of applications including object tracking, environmental monitoring, and homeland security. At present, sensor network technologies do not provide off-the-shelf solutions to users who lack low-level network programming experience. Because of limited resources, ad hoc deployments, and volatile wireless communication links, the development of distributed applications require the combination of both application and system-level logic. Programming frameworks and middleware for traditional distributed computing are not suitable for many of these problems due to the resource constraints and interactions with the physical world. To address these challenges we have developed OASiS, a programming framework that provides abstractions for object-centric, ambient-aware, service-oriented sensor network applications. OASiS uses a well-defined model of computation based on globally asynchronous locally synchronous dataflow, and is complemented by a user-friendly modeling environment. Applications are realized as graphs of modular services and executed in response to the detection of physical phenomena. We have also implemented a suite of middleware services that support OASiS to provide a layer of abstraction shielding the low-level system complexities. A tracking application is used to illustrate the features of OASiS. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and the benefits of a service-oriented programming framework for composing and deploying applications in resource-constrained sensor networks.
Message in Message (MIM): A Case for Shuffling Transmissions in Wireless Networks. (2008)

Message in Message (MIM) is an exciting development at the physical layer of IEEE 802.11. Two transmissions that otherwise conflict with each other, may be made concurrent with MIM. However, the benefits from MIM are not immediate. Higher layer protocols need to be explicitly designed to enable its inherent concurrency. This paper investigates the opportunities and challenges with MIM, and demonstrates a link layer framework to harness its potential. We believe that our framework can accommodate emerging physical layer capabilities, such as successive interference cancellation (SIC).
Parallel-META 3: Comprehensive taxonomical and functional analysis platform for efficient comparison of microbial communities (2017)

The number of metagenomes is increasing rapidly. However, current methods for metagenomic analysis are limited by their capability for in-depth data mining among a large number of microbiome each of which carries a complex community structure. Moreover, the complexity of configuring and operating computational pipeline also hinders efficient data processing for the end users. In this work we introduce Parallel-META 3, a comprehensive and fully automatic computational toolkit for rapid data mining among metagenomic datasets, with advanced features including 16S rRNA extraction for shotgun sequences, 16S rRNA copy number calibration, 16S rRNA based functional prediction, diversity statistics, bio-marker selection, interaction network construction, vector-graph-based visualization and parallel computing. Application of Parallel-META 3 on 5,337 samples with 1,117,555,208 sequences from diverse studies and platforms showed it could produce similar results as QIIME and PICRUSt with much faster speed and lower memory usage, which demonstrates its ability to unravel the taxonomical and functional dynamics patterns across large datasets and elucidate ecological links between microbiome and the environment. Parallel-META 3 is implemented in C/C++ and R, and integrated into an executive package for rapid installation and easy access under Linux and Mac OS X. Both binary and source code packages are available at http://bioinfo.single-cell.cn/parallel-meta.html.
Geraniol suppresses proinflammatory mediators in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate with A23187-induced HMC-1 cells (2018)

Our data highlights that the anti-inflammatory properties of geraniol on AR-related markers in activated HCM-1 cells and OVA-induced AR models may be mediated through the regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
STAT5 promotes multilineage hematolymphoid development in vivo through effects on early hematopoietic progenitor cells (2002)

The transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) is activated by numerous cytokines that orchestrate blood cell development. Multilineage peripheral blood cytopenias were observed in adult mice lacking both isoforms of STAT5 (STAT5A and STAT5B) as well as accelerated rates of apoptosis in the bone marrow. Although the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population was preserved in a number of these mice, the post-HSC progenitor populations were diminished and a marked reduction in functional progenitors (spleen colony-forming units) was detected. Competitive bone marrow transplantation studies in vivo revealed a profound impairment of repopulation potential of STAT5-null HSCs, leading to complete lack of contribution to the myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid lineages. These abnormalities were associated with heightened proliferation activity in the HSC fraction, suggesting the action of homeostatic mechanisms to maintain sufficient levels of diverse blood cell types for viability. Thus, STAT5 normally sustains the robust hematopoietic reserve that contributes to host viability through crucial survival effects on early progenitor cells.
Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Epidural Morphine Analgesia (1983)

Twenty patients undergoing thoracotomy were given 2, 4, or 6 mg morphine epidurally in a double-blind, randomized study for postoperative analgesia. Administration at T12-L1 or L1-L2 resulted in a dose-related analgetic duration (514 +/- 118 min, 778 +/- 207 min, and 938 +/- 155 min; means +/- SEM, respectively, for the groups). For the three groups, peak plasma morphine concentrations (range 19-34 ng/ml) were reached within 15 min. The plasma curves had a similar appearance as after an intramuscular injection and pharmacokinetic calculations showed an elimination half-life (mean +/- SEM) of 173 +/- 24 min, 200 +/- 60 min, and 213 +/- 57 min for the groups, respectively. The morphine concentrations in the CSF were considerably higher compared with plasma (45-100 times the plasma concentration at 1 h, 100-250 times at 3 h, and 125-175 times at 5 h) but the elimination half-life of morphine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was similar to that in plasma. The lumbar approach was used with similar efficacy as reported for thoracic administration. Side effects were few and nonsignificant. The authors conclude that epidural morphine administration results in a dose-dependent analgesia, as well as concentrations in the CSF that are considerably higher than in plasma. With similar elimination half-lives for morphine in CSF and plasma, the long analgetic duration probably depends on the locally high morphine concentrations achieved. For safety purposes, one may use the lumbar approach to the epidural space even for thoracic pain without reducing the efficacy.
Strobe Pulse Design for Multipath Mitigation in BOC GNSS Receivers (2006)

Binary offset carrier (BOC) modulations have been considered for the new GNSS signals since they achieve better tracking performance than PSK in the presence of channel noise and multipath. Besides, the concept of delay lock-loop based on symmetrical strobe pulses can be extended to BOC signals with significant advantage in the close-in multipath region. Herein, a new approach to the design of asymmetrical strobe pulses for BOC signals is proposed. A target code discriminator response with desirable characteristics is defined allowing to determine the strobe pulse as the solution of an integral equation. The resulting pulse provides good multipath mitigation capability, extended code tracking range, and lack of false code lock points.
The value of reserve for plug-in electric vehicle parking lots (2017)

The introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the electrical system is bringing various challenges. One of the recent solutions to deploy the potentials of PEVs in the system is through PEV parking lots (PL). The PLs not only provide a place for the PEVs charging requirements, but also give the possibility of exploiting the vehicle-to-gird (V2G) potential of PEVs in a more efficient manner comparing to PEV aggregators. On the other hand, the V2G mode gives the reserve market possibility to the PL operator, which can be a source of income other than selling energy to the PEV owners. However, the willingness of participating in the V2G mode may be low due to exposing battery degradation and not sufficient departure state of charge (SOC). As a result, this study investigates the behavior of PL on deploying the V2G mode of PEVs in reserve market participation considering the PEVs' traffic behavior.
An expeditious synthesis of imatinib and analogues utilising flow chemistry methods (2012)

A flow-based route to imatinib, the API of Gleevec, was developed and the general procedure then used to generate a number of analogues which were screened for biological activity against Abl1. The flow synthesis required minimal manual intervention and was achieved despite the poor solubility of many of the reaction components.
Recirculating-Loop Study of Dispersion-Managed 2R Regeneration (2007)

We develop an ultra-short recirculating loop that emulates a modified Mamyshev's regenerator comprised of multiple "nonlinear fiber + dispersion compensation" sections (1 loop = 1 section), and experimentally demonstrate eye-opening improvement by this regenerator.
Bayesian analysis of trinomial data in behavioral experiments and its application to human studies of general anesthesia (2011)

Accurate quantification of loss of response to external stimuli is essential for understanding the mechanisms of loss of consciousness under general anesthesia. We present a new approach for quantifying three possible outcomes that are encountered in behavioral experiments during general anesthesia: correct responses, incorrect responses and no response. We use a state-space model with two state variables representing a probability of response and a conditional probability of correct response. We show applications of this approach to an example of responses to auditory stimuli at varying levels of propofol anesthesia ranging from light sedation to deep anesthesia in human subjects. The posterior probability densities of model parameters and the response probability are computed within a Bayesian framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.
Controlling nucleation and growth of water using hybrid hydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces (2010)

Heterogeneous nucleation of water plays an important role in wide range of natural and industrial processes. Though heterogeneous nucleation of water is ubiquitous and everyday experience, spatial control of this important phenomenon is extremely difficult. Here we show, for the first time, that spatial control in the heterogeneous nucleation of water can be achieved by manipulating the local nucleation energy barrier and nucleation rate via the modification of the local intrinsic wettability of a surface by patterning hybrid hydrophobic-hydrophilic regions on a surface. Such ability to control water nucleation could address the condensation-related limitations of superhydrophobic surfaces, and has implications for efficiency enhancements in energy and desalination systems.
Heterologous expression of a wheat high molecular weight glutenin gene in Escherichia coli. (1989)

An engineered DNA fragment containing a DNA sequence encoding a wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit was cloned into a bacterial expression vector that is based on bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. The resulting plasmid directed the synthesis of large amounts of the mature form of the wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit in Escherichia coli. This protein comigrated in SDS/PAGE with a native high molecular weight glutenin subunit extracted from wheat endosperm and cross-reacted with antibodies raised against purified wheat high molecular weight glutenins. The wheat subunit synthesized in E. coli also exhibited pI and solubility characteristics identical to those of native wheat subunits. Moreover, the wheat glutenin subunit produced in E. coli cells self-assembled into oligomers linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds, a process that plays an important role in the assembly of native glutenins during gluten formation. The large amounts of a purified wheat subunit obtained from E. coli will enable investigators to analyze the three-dimensional structure of that protein and to identify protein sequences that affect the bread-making quality of wheat dough.
Effect of Aloe vera Leaf Gel and Pulp Extracts on the Liver in Type-II Diabetic Rat Models (2004)

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Aloe vera leaf pulp and gel extracts on the liver tissue of neonatal streptozotocin (n0STZ)-induced type-II diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were separated into four groups and each group was given the following samples by gavage, daily for 15 d: phosphate buffered saline (PBS; diabetic control), Aloe leaf pulp extract, Aloe leaf gel extract, glibenclamide. Liver tissues were examined histologically. The markers of oxidative stress: glutathione (GSH), non-enzymatic glycosylation (NEG) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), were determined in liver tissue. Biochemical parameters for liver function: serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine transaminase (ALP) activities, were evaluated. All parameters were also determined in healthy (non diabetic) rats for comparison. In the diabetic control group, the degenerative changes in liver tissue were remarkable, while in the diabetic groups given Aloe pulp and gel extracts and glibenclamide, the damage to the liver tissue was decreased. The increase of GSH and the decrease of NEG and LPO in liver tissues with the treatment of Aloe gel extract, is consistent with the beneficial effect of Aloe. Serum ALP and ALT activities were also decreased in the groups given Aloe gel extract. It was concluded that Aloe gel extract has a protective effect comparable to glibenclamide against hepatotoxicity produced by diabetes if used in the treatment of type-II diabetes.
Thermal Design Optimization for Strip-Fin Heat Sinks with a Ducted Air Flow (2006)

An effective method for performing the thermal optimization of strip-fin heat sinks with a ducted air flow under constraints of pressure drop, mass, and space limitations has been successfully developed. The thermal and hydrodynamic models for strip-fin heat sinks have been developed. The design of experiments approach is performed to explore the relationships between design variables and responses with the minimal number of experimental runs. A statistical method for sensitivity analysis of the design factors, including the size of heat sink footprint, conductivity of sink base, thickness of sink base, stream wise and span wise fin pitch, fin thickness, fin length, fin height, and upstream air velocity, is performed to determine the key factors that are critical to the design; and a response surface methodology is then applied to establish regression models for the thermal resistance and pressure drop in terms of the design factors with an central composite design. Diagnostic analysis of the residuals from the regression model may reveal errors that were not in Gaussian distribution, which is one of the most important assumptions of experimental analysis; in the case of this work, a log-transformation is applied to make the response variance closer to the normal distribution. Furthermore, to screen out the insignificant model terms for the better modeling accuracy, the statistical skill, F-test, is applied. By employing the gradient-based numerical optimization technique, a series of constrained optimal designs have been efficiently performed
Efficient Training of Very Deep Neural Networks for Supervised Hashing (2015)

In this paper, we propose training very deep neural networks (DNNs) for supervised learning of hash codes. Existing methods in this context train relatively "shallow" networks limited by the issues arising in back propagation (e.e. vanishing gradients) as well as computational efficiency. We propose a novel and efficient training algorithm inspired by alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) that overcomes some of these limitations. Our method decomposes the training process into independent layer-wise local updates through auxiliary variables. Empirically we observe that our training algorithm always converges and its computational complexity is linearly proportional to the number of edges in the networks. Empirically we manage to train DNNs with 64 hidden layers and 1024 nodes per layer for supervised hashing in about 3 hours using a single GPU. Our proposed very deep supervised hashing (VDSH) method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art on several benchmark datasets.