gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Bmi1</i> lineage tracing identifies a self-renewing pancreatic acinar cell subpopulation capable of maintaining pancreatic organ homeostasis (2009)

A central question in stem cell biology is whether organ homeostasis is maintained in adult organs through undifferentiated stem cells or self-duplication of specialized cell populations. To address this issue in the exocrine pancreas we analyzed the Bmi1-labeled cell lineage of pancreatic acinar cells. Previously, we had shown that inducible linage tracing with Bmi1-Cre-estrogen receptor (ER) in the small intestine specifically, labels "classical" undifferentiated intestinal stem cells. In this article we demonstrate that the Bmi1-Cre-ER system labels a subpopulation of differentiated acinar cells in the exocrine pancreas whose derivatives are still present, at a steady-state level, 1 year after a single TM pulse. This study suggests that Bmi1 is a marker for a subpopulation of self-renewing acinar cells, indicating that self-renewal is not an exclusive feature of adult undifferentiated stem cells. Further, the extended period that Bmi1-labeled acinar cells retain a pulse of BrdU suggests that some of this subpopulation of cells are not continuously replicating, but rather are set aside until needed. This cellular behavior is again reminiscent of behavior normally associated with more classical adult stem cells. Setting aside cells capable of self-renewal until needed retains the advantage of protecting this subpopulation of cells from DNA damage induced during replication.
Optical performance monitoring using the novel parametric asynchronous eye diagram (2012)

In this paper we present a novel technique, based in what we have called Parametric Asynchronous Eye Diagram (PAED). We have used a simulation scheme, which includes a differentiator and an Artificial Neural Network to monitor simultaneously several impairments such as Chromatic Dispersion, Polarization Mode Dispersion and Optical Signal to Noise Ratio. A number of modulation formats, including NRZ, RZ and QPSK is used in the computation of results. This paper also demonstrates the effectiveness of this technique in monitoring with one single device, mixed traffic, with different bit rates and On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation formats traveling through the network.
Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis. Induction with melanin-associated antigen from the iris and ciliary body. (1995)

A model of anterior uveitis has been induced in the Lewis rat after immunization with bovine uveal antigen, and it resembles the acute iridocyclitis observed in humans. These results suggest that the pathogenic antigen is a melanin-associated protein(s) present within the iris-ciliary body.
Aerobic endospore-forming bacteria from geothermal environments in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and Candlemas Island, South Sandwich archipelago, with the proposal of Bacillus fumarioli sp. nov. (2000)

Aerobic endospore-forming bacteria were isolated from soils taken from active fumaroles on Mount Rittmann and Mount Melbourne in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and from active and inactive fumaroles on Candlemas Island, South Sandwich archipelago. The Mt Rittmann and Mt Melbourne soils yielded a dominant, moderately thermophilic and acidophilic, aerobic endospore-former growing at pH 5.5 and 50 degrees C, and further strains of the same organism were isolated from a cold, dead fumarole at Clinker Gulch, Candlemas Island. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis, SDS-PAGE and routine phenotypic tests show that the Candlemas Island isolates are not distinguishable from the Mt Rittmann strains, although the two sites are 5600 km apart, and 16S rDNA sequence comparisons and DNA relatedness data support the proposal of a new species, Bacillus fumarioli, the type strain of which is LMG 17489T.
뇌졸중환자 가정간호 및 방문간호서비스의 비용효과 비교 (2001)

【Purpose of this study is to compare the cost effectiveness of home care services for the cerebrovascular accident patients by the type of institution. The method is the secondary analysis using the patients' charts. 107 subjects and 1.417 visits were sampled from each type of home care institution such as one hospital based home care center. one KNA home care center, one urban health center, one rural health center and one health care post. Result: There were differences in the functional status of patients and the service contents and frequencies provided by the type of home care institution, The cost per visit for one unit of ADL by the hospital based home care was higher than by the community-based home care. Conclusion: It was suggested that the referral system among the home care institutions would be developed to improve the cost-effectiveness.】
Cushing Syndrome (2010)

• Small-cell carcinoma of lung • Peripheral bronchial carcinoid • Thymic carcinoid • Note prominent right costochondral junction • 15 patients: 10 male, 5 female • 0.3 to 1.3 cm • None with respiratory symptoms • 9 of 15 “atypical” histologically •...
Design and fabrication of microactuators for high density data storage (1996)

The design and fabrication of mm-sized MEMS actuator structures is described. A one-mm-sized microfabricated actuator is capable of linearized output of 0.2 mN when driven at 60 Volts by using an area-efficient electrostatic design, a high-aspect ratio microfabrication process, and a large signal linearization scheme. This increased output force enables the batch-fabricated microactuators to be used in practical applications in which the microactuators are required to move an external load. This paper concentrates on the design and process issues of the microactuators used as the fine actuator in a two-stage servo system for the high bandwidth positioning of a magnetic recording head slider. Other devices made by the same process technology are fully-integrated wobble micromotors and wobble actuators with potential applications in chip-sized disk drives using tip-based high density data storage.
One-dimensional nanostructures of trigonal tellurium with various morphologies can be synthesized using a solution-phase approach (2002)

This article describes a solution-phase, self-seeding approach to the large-scale synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of trigonal tellurium (t-Te) with diameters ranging from 50 to hundreds of nanometers, and lengths up to tens of micrometers. These highly anisotropic nanostructures were formed through the reduction of orthotelluric acid (or tellurium dioxide) by hydrazine at various refluxing temperatures. Nuclei formed in the reduction process had a strong tendency to grow along the c-axis due to the inherently anisotropic structure of t-Te. Depending on the solvent and refluxing temperature, the growth of t-Te nanostructures was found to follow two distinct paths. When the reaction was refluxed in water and at temperatures below 100 °C, the initial reduction products were a mixture of nanocrystallites of t-Te and spherical colloids of amorphous tellurium (a-Te). When this mixture was aged at room temperature, the a-Te colloids slowly dissolved into the solution and grew into nanowires on the nanocrystallites of t-Te. When the reaction was carried out in pure ethylene glycol (or mixtures with water) and refluxed at temperatures above 100 °C, the 1D nanostructures of t-Te were directly formed in the reduction process. The exact morphology of these anisotropic nanostructures was mainly controlled by the refluxing temperature (Tr); typical examples include spines (Tr < 100 °C), filaments (Tr = 100–160 °C), needles (Tr = 160–180 °C), and tubular structures (Tr > 180 °C). These uniform, relatively monodispersed 1D nanostructures could form stable dispersions in ethylene glycol or water, and be used as the building blocks or templates to generate more complex nanostructured materials.
Chilling injury and anti-chilling injury measure of fruit during low temperature storage (2004)

The characteristics of chilling injury of most fruit during cold storage are lack of juiciness and bright gloss,flesh browning and unable to soft or ripen normally and so on.There are many hypotheses about the principle of chilling injury at present,but most of them indicated that the essential cause of chilling injury is the damage of membrane construction caused by low temperature.The approaches to reduce chilling injury of fruit during low temperature storage are concluded to four aspects:(1)Changing temperature storage.This measure includes low temperature preconditioning,intermittent warming(dual temperature cycle and undulating temperature) and heat treatments.(2)Chemical substance treatments.It consists of calcium,SE,BHA,BHT,ABA and polyamines treatments etc.(3)Controlled atmosphere storage.For example,high content of CO_2 and low content of O_2 can alleviate chilling injury.(4)Other treatments such as postponing harvest,high humidity storage,packaging and so on.The possibility of applying these methods in production and the existent problems were disscussed,and advises that chilling injury restoring can be further studied as a direction of anti-chilling injury measure of fruit.
Strategy and modeling for building DR optimization (2011)

While it is well recognized that renewable microgrid generation and intelligent storage can significantly reduce a building's need for grid power and its peak loading, there is currently no sound and generalized approach to combine these two technologies. Further, loads are becoming increasingly responsive, in terms of both sheddability and shiftability. In this paper, we formulate the building energy management problem based on a demand-response (DR) adaptation framework that extends the traditional “supply-demand matching” to a “supply-store-demand-time-shift-utility adaptation” paradigm. Stochastic modeling of distributed-energy resources (DER) and measurement-based stochastic models of loads are used to approximately optimize building DR actions. Compared to systems that have no DR, the proposed optimization achieves savings in the range of approximately 35–70%, depending on the amount of energy storage, the flexibility of the loads, and the accuracy of the stochastic models.
Telomerase Activity in Reactive and Neoplastic Lymphoid Tissues: Infrequent Detection of Activity in Hodgkin's Disease (1997)

We used the recently described sensitive and rapid detection assay called telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) to detect telomerase activity in lymphoblastoid (n = 5) and lymphoma cell lines (n = 7), hyperplastic lymph nodes (n = 6) and tonsils (n = 5), and tissues involved by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (n = 43) and Hodgkin's disease (HD) (n = 14). Clearly evident telomerase activity was found in all lymphoblastoid and lymphoma cell lines, and in 34 of 43 cases (80%) of NHL. These results were expected because of the proliferative and immortal nature of the cell lines and most malignant cells. However, positive results were obtained with the TRAP assay in all hyperplastic lymph nodes and tonsils, which raises the issue of derepression of telomerase activity during an immune response. Telomerase activity alone therefore does not distinguish malignant lymphoid proliferations from reactive states. Telomerase activity was detected in only 1 of 14 cases (7%) of lymphoid tissues involved by HD. Eight of the 13 negative cases were considered to be interpretable because of the lack (3 of 13 cases) or low level (5 of 13 cases) of telomerase inhibition. The five remaining cases could not be evaluated because of their telomerase inhibitor content. The findings imply either transient or very low levels of telomerase activity in HD or that HD for the greater part is a telomerase-independent neoplasm. Microdissection studies are needed to identify subsets of cells carrying telomerase activity in both reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissues.
A model for preventive maintenance planning by genetic algorithms (2005)

Submitted by Belo Jamyllye (jamyllye@gmail.com) on 2014-01-23T12:43:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LAPA - . A model for preventive maintenance planning by genetic algorithms.pdf: 154557 bytes, checksum: 01de80df5842c3355e2286eaf5dba159 (MD5)
SMS Spam Detection Using Noncontent Features (2012)

Short Message Service text messages are indispensable, but they face a serious problem from spamming. This service-side solution uses graph data mining to distinguish spammers from nonspammers and detect spam without checking a message's contents.
Direct small-molecule kinase activation: Novel approaches for a new era of drug discovery. (2009)

The pharmaceutical industry has traditionally targeted the inhibition of dysregulated kinases to treat diseases such as cancer and inflammatory disorders. In contrast to the human genome sequencing project, which aimed to identify novel biological targets, the possibility of activating kinases uses known targets in a novel manner. In an approach that is similar to other target classes (eg, GPCRs and nuclear receptors), transient upregulation of kinase function using small molecules has been increasingly demonstrated to lead to favorable disease outcomes. This review discusses direct small-molecule kinase activators: specifically, how these molecules were discovered, characterized, evaluated and developed into drug leads. The choice of potential targets, the mechanisms of activation and the common strategies used to discover activators are also highlighted.
Switching phenomena in metal-insulator-n/p+ structures: theory, experiment and applications (1978)

Switching phenomena occurring in simple metal-semi-insulator- n/p+ devices are presented. The I-V characteristics comprise a high-impedance or OFF state during the initial voltage stages, which is quite stable for voltages up to the switching voltage, Vs. When Vs is exceeded, the device switches rapidly to a low-voltage, low-impedance or ON state, in which the current increases with almost no change in the voltage across the device. The two regions are separated by a negative-resistance region. Two modes of switching are identified, which are due to either to punch-through or avalanching occurring in the epitaxial n-layer. Each of these modes of operation are studied extensively, both experimentally and theoretically. The feature of these devices is that they are readily fabricated using standard i.e. fabrication techniques. Several applications of the devices are presented.
Bacterial Endosymbiosis Is Widely Present among Zygomycetes but Does Not Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Mucormycosis (2008)

Environmental isolates of the fungus Rhizopus have been shown to harbor a bacterial endosymbiont (Burkholderia) that produces rhixozin, a plant mycotoxin. We sought to define the role of rhizoxin production by endosymbionts in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Endosymbiotic bacteria were identified by polymerase chain reaction in 15 (54%) of 28 clinical isolates of Zygomycetes, with 33% of the bacterial strains showing 87% identity to Burkholderia 16S rDNA. The presence of rhizoxin in myclial extracts from fungi harboring bacteria was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. However, fungal strains with or without endosymbionts did not differ in their ability to cause endothelial cell injury in vitro, nor did antibiotic-mediated eradication of endosymbionts and rhizoxin production decrease the virulence of fungal strains in mice or flies. In summary, although bacterial endosymbiosis is widely detected in clinical isolates of Zygomycetes, including Rhizopus oryzae strains, we found no evidence that bacterial endosymbionts and rhizoxin contribute to the pathogenesis of mucormycosis in the models studied.
Melatonin and Melatonin Agonist for Delirium in the Elderly Patients (2014)

The objective of this review is to summarize the available data on the use of melatonin and melatonin agonist for the prevention and management of delirium in the elderly patients from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search of 5 major databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted. This search yielded a total of 2 RCTs for melatonin. One study compared melatonin to midazolam, clonidine, and control groups for the prevention and management of delirium in individuals who were pre- and posthip post-hip arthroplasty. The other study compared melatonin to placebo for the prevention of delirium in older adults admitted to an inpatient internal medicine service. Data from these 2 studies indicate that melatonin may have some benefit in the prevention and management of delirium in older adults. However, there is no evidence that melatonin reduces the severity of delirium or has any effect on behaviors or functions in these individuals. Melatonin was well tolerated in these 2 studies. The search for a melatonin agonist for delirium in the elderly patients yielded 1 study of ramelteon. In this study, ramelteon was found to be beneficial in preventing delirium in medically ill individuals when compared to placebo. Ramelteon was well tolerated in this study.
Early intervention for psychosis in New Zealand. (2004)

schizophrenia. This review suggested that poor outcome (long associated with an insidious onset) had as much to do with delayed use of antipsychotics as the illness process itself. Wyatt concluded that early intervention with neuroleptics in firstepisode schizophrenia patients may increase the likelihood of improved long-term course. Three types of early intervention for psychosis have been described: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. 3 Primary prevention Early intervention before or during the prodromal phase involves indicated primary prevention and should lead to a decrease in the incidence of psychosis. Several groups are currently researching the feasibility of designing screening procedures to identify those with an ‘at risk mental state’. 4 Authors widely acknowledge the existence of early specific and non-specific signs preceding the first psychotic episode; however, they have yet to clearly demonstrate their ability to predict and specify the transition to psychosis 3 leading to clinical and ethical concerns about initiating (antipsychotic medication) treatment at this stage. Secondary prevention Secondary prevention means intervention in the early stages of the development of a psychotic disorder, during the prodromal phase or onset of the first episode. While secondary prevention may be initiated before the development of frank psychotic symptoms (ie, during the prodromal stage), the majority of services concentrate on reducing the ‘duration of untreated psychosis’ (the period from the onset of psychosis to the implementation of ‘adequate treatment’). Several studies have reported that the longer people remain psychotic before beginning treatment, the more likely they are to suffer relapses. 5 Patients gain less benefit from receiving maintenance antipsychotic medication, 6 and from intense treatment. 7
Osteoporosis, calcium and physical activity. (1987)

Sales of calcium supplements have increased dramatically since 1983, as middle-aged women seek to prevent or treat bone loss due to osteoporosis. However, epidemiologic studies have failed to support the hypothesis that larger amounts of calcium are associated with increased bone density or a decreased incidence of fractures. The authors examine the evidence from controlled trials on the effects of calcium supplementation and physical activity on bone loss and find that weight-bearing activity, if undertaken early in life and on a regular basis, can increase the peak bone mass of early adulthood, delay the onset of bone loss and reduce the rate of loss. All of these factors will delay the onset of fractures. Carefully planned and supervised physical activity programs can also provide a safe, effective therapy for people who have osteoporosis.
Polymeric Derivatives of Adamantane (1982)

The literature data on the synthesis and properties of polymers with fragments of the polyhedral structures of adamantane and 1,1'-biadamantane are surveyed. The inter-relation between the structures of the polyhedral monomers and their reactivities is examined. A distinctive feature of the adamantane-containing polymers, together with their high thermal stability, is their resistance to hydrolysis and oxidation and to the action of light and solvents. The bibliography includes 114 references.
Low Temperature Silicon Oxide and Fluorinated Silicon Oxide Films Prepared by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Disilane as Silicon Precursor. (1996)

The deposition and characterization of the silicon oxide and fluorinated silicon oxide films, as interlevel dielectrics in microelectronics devices, prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low substrate temperature using $\rm Si\sb2H\sb6$ as silicon precursor are studied. The film deposition is limited by the mass transport regime, resulting in nearly temperature independent deposition rate. The characteristics for the silicon oxide films deposited at 120$\sp\circ$C show that the film etch rate is comparable to that obtained by TEOS-based PECVD at 400$\sp\circ$C and the leakage current is comparable to that of the films deposited at 350$\sp\circ$C with conventional SiH$\sb4$ precursor. It also shows that the as-deposited silicon oxide films have 9.4% increase in the film density compared to the thermal silicon oxide films, resulting in the Si-O-Si bridging bond angle of 138$\sp\circ$. The post-metallization annealing in forming gas ambient at 400$\sp\circ$C rather than post-deposition annealing at high temperatures in N$\sb2$ is the most effective way to reduce both the oxide charge and interface trap densities, especially for devices fabricated on the native oxide-free surface. For the fluorinated silicon oxide film deposition, the optimum gas flow ratio of CF$\sb4$, as fluorine precursor, to $\rm Si\sb2H\sb6$ is observed to be in the range of 8-10. The films deposited at a flow ratio of 10 give the film a dielectric constant of 4.25 which is 12% lower than 4.88 obtained for the fluorine-free silicon oxide films. The addition of fluorine into Si-O network helps not only in reducing the effective oxide charges to as low as 1/6 of the value for the fluorine-free silicon oxide films, but also improves the breakdown property by significantly reducing early failures, resulting in the average dielectric breakdown field strength of 8.91 MV/cm. These films have a strong potential for the use as interlayer dielectric material making available a low temperature and high quality film deposition process for submicron device fabrication in the microelectronics industry.
Metal-insulator transitions in VO <sub>2</sub> , Ti <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> and Ti <sub> 2- <i>x</i> </sub> V <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1974)

Abstract A discussion is given of metal-insulator transitions in VO2, Ti2O3 and also in Ti2-x V x O3, which at low temperatures becomes metallic with increasing x. Although these are band-crossing transitions, there being no magnetic moments on the metallic ions, a large discontinuity is expected in the number of current-carriers in VO2 as the degree of pairing of the V atoms is varied. We relate this to the first-order transition observed as the temperature is raised. In Ti2O3 electrons in the conduction band appear to be much heavier than holes in the valence band and are probably small polarons. The addition of ∼2% of V2O3 appears to push Ti2O3 across the metal-insulator transition, again with a discontinuous change in the number of carriers, the alloy being a semimetal with heavy electrons and light holes. The experiments of Sjöstrand and Keesom (1973) are discussed; the reason why the heavy electron polarons form a degenerate gas at helium temperatures, rather than a Wigner crystallization, is that the Coulomb interaction between them is strongly screened by the light holes. The situation is compared with that in Fe3O4 and Ti4O7.