gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution: A Critical Evaluation of Its Safety and Utility in Pediatric Patients (2004)

Summary The use of blood conservation techniques has gained importance since the 1980s when hazards of blood transfusion, especially transfusion of infectious agents, became well recognized. In adult medicine, predonation autologous blood donation (PABD) and techniques of intraoperative and postoperative collection and reinfusion, initially perfected during the Vietnam era, were used with increased frequency. Methods to limit homologous transfusion in pediatrics were slow to develop, at least in part due to limitations of venous access, operational complexity and the unique and ever changing physiology of the infant and toddler. Blood conservation techniques include PABD, intraoperative hemodilution, intraoperative blood recovery and postoperative scavenging. The history and physiology of hemodilution and its application in pediatric surgery patients with and without additional conservation methods in different clinical conditions will be discussed. In particular, the use of acute normovolemic hemodilution in pediatrics will be the focus of this review.
Raman spectroscopy can differentiate malignant tumors from normal breast tissue and detect early neoplastic changes in a mouse model (2007)

Raman spectroscopy shows potential in differentiating tumors from normal tissue. We used Raman spectroscopy with near-infrared light excitation to study normal breast tissue and tumors from 11 mice injected with a cancer cell line. Spectra were collected from 17 tumors, 18 samples of adjacent breast tissue and lymph nodes, and 17 tissue samples from the contralateral breast and its adjacent lymph nodes. Discriminant function analysis was used for classification with principal component analysis scores as input data. Tissues were examined by light microscopy following formalin fixation and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Discriminant function analysis and histology agreed on the diagnosis of all contralateral normal, tumor, and mastitis samples, except one tumor which was found to be more similar to normal tissue. Normal tissue adjacent to each tumor was examined as a separate data group called tumor bed. Scattered morphologically suspicious atypical cells not definite for tumor were present in the tumor bed samples. Classification of tumor bed tissue showed that some tumor bed tissues are diagnostically different from normal, tumor, and mastitis tissue. This may reflect malignant molecular alterations prior to morphologic changes, as expected in preneoplastic processes. Raman spectroscopy not only distinguishes tumor from normal breast tissue, but also detects early neoplastic changes prior to definite morphologic alteration.
Growth behavior and film properties of titanium dioxide by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition with discrete feeding method (2019)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) system using tetrakis-dimethylamido-titanium (TDMAT) at 250 °C. We applied a new source feeding method, known as Discrete Feeding Method (DFM), to PE-ALD TiO2 process for comparing the deposition rate, the physical and electrical film properties with the films deposited by conventional ALD method. Various analytical studies were carried out to investigate the change of TiO2 thin film characteristics due to DFM application. As a result, the optimal process condition was obtained with high physical properties and productivity while keeping electrical characteristics equivalent to those of the conventional ALD condition.
Sinusoidally Modulated Graphene Leaky-Wave Antenna for Electronic Beamscanning at THz (2014)

This paper proposes the concept, analysis and design of a sinusoidally modulated graphene leaky-wave antenna with beam scanning capabilities at a fixed frequency. The antenna operates at terahertz frequencies and is composed of a graphene sheet transferred onto a back-metallized substrate and a set of polysilicon DC gating pads located beneath it. In order to create a leaky-mode, the graphene surface reactance is sinusoidally modulated via graphene's field effect by applying adequate DC bias voltages to the different gating pads. The pointing angle and leakage rate can be dynamically controlled by adjusting the applied voltages, providing versatile beamscanning capabilities. The proposed concept and achieved performance, computed using realistic material parameters, are extremely promising for beamscanning at THz frequencies, and could pave the way to graphene-based reconfigurable transceivers and sensors.
Effects of Type of Explant and Dark Preconditioning on Bud Formation in Habenaria radiata (Thunb.) in Vitro (2009)

Habenaria radiata is a terrestrial orchid with beautiful bird-shaped petals. The wild H. radiata population has been severely affected by environmental disruption and overexploitation. In micropropagation of H. radiata , although aseptic germination has been studied, tissue culture methods have not yet been established. Shoot apexes and leaf explants from vegetative plants and flower stalks, stolons, and floret explants from reproductive plants were chosen for this study. Explants were cultured on half-strength inorganic salts and full-strength vitamins of Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium containing 30 g·L −1 sucrose, 8 g·L −1 agar (pH 5.6) supplemented with 4.44 μM N 6 -benzyladenine, and 0.54 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. After 8 weeks of culture, the highest survival rate was obtained with floret explants excised from plants at the reproductive phase. In floret culture, the number of adventitious bud formation per explant was 5.4 per upper floret and 4.0 per lower floret. Dark preconditioning, which inhibited browning and contamination, of explants before shoot apex culture increased survival rates of explants (53%) and bud formation (83%). Consequently, a tissue culture method using florets and shoot apexes as explant material was established for H. radiata .
UV Photolytic Mechanism of <i>N</i>-Nitrosodimethylamine in Water:  Roles of Dissolved Oxygen and Solution pH (2005)

The photolytic mechanism of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in aqueous solution was investigated under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at 253.7 nm, by determining the quantum yield of NDMA photolysis and analyzing the photolysis products in the pH range of 2-11 under O2 or N2 saturation. Several important photolytic behaviors of NDMA photolysis regarding the roles of dissolved oxygen and solution pH were newly observed, and novel photolytic mechanisms were proposed based on these observations. First, the presence of dissolved oxygen clearly increased the quantum yield of the NDMA photolysis, and promoted the photolytic pathway leading to the formation of methylamine and nitrate. The direct oxidation of photoexcited NDMA by dissolved oxygen (photooxidation) was suggested as a novel photolytic pathway to explain the observed effect of dissolved oxygen. This photooxidation mechanism was supported by the detection of superoxide radicals during the photolysis of NDMA under O2 saturation. Second, the dependence of the quantum yield of NDMA photolysis and the yields of the known photolysis products (methylamine, dimethylamine, nitrite, and nitrate) on the solution pH were different under O2 and N2 saturation. N-Methylformamide was observed as the novel photolysis product of NDMA in the neutral pH region under N2 saturation. These pH-dependent photolytic behaviors of NDMA were successfully explained by the interaction of the photoexcited NDMA with a proton, and the pH-dependent secondary reactions between the primary photolysis products.
Fibre Channel: Gigabit Communications and I/O for Computer Networks (1995)

Getting Data From There to Here. Structure and Concepts. Service Classes. FCO-Physical Interface. FCI-8B/10B Transmission Mode, Receivers, and Transmitters. Frames. Sequence and Exchanges. Login and Logout Services. Link Services. Error Detection and Recovery. Association Managers and Other Optional Headers. Flow Control. Arbitrated Loop Architecture. Arbitrated Loop Initialization. Running IP and SCSI Traffic Over FCS.
MultiWOZ 2.1: Multi-Domain Dialogue State Corrections and State Tracking Baselines (2019)

MultiWOZ is a recently-released multidomain dialogue dataset spanning 7 distinct domains and containing over 10000 dialogues, one of the largest resources of its kind to-date. Though an immensely useful resource, while building different classes of dialogue state tracking models using MultiWOZ, we detected substantial errors in the state annotations and dialogue utterances which negatively impacted the performance of our models. In order to alleviate this problem, we use crowdsourced workers to fix the state annotations and utterances in the original version of the data. Our correction process results in changes to over 32% of state annotations across 40% of the dialogue turns. In addition, we fix 146 dialogue utterances throughout the dataset focusing in particular on addressing slot value errors represented within the conversations. We then benchmark a number of state-of-the-art dialogue state tracking models on this new MultiWOZ 2.1 dataset and show joint state tracking performance on the corrected state annotations. We are publicly releasing MultiWOZ 2.1 to the community, hoping that this dataset resource will allow for more effective dialogue state tracking models to be built in the future.
The electronic and electrochemical properties of poly(isothianaphthene) (1985)

The physical and electronic properties of poly(isothianaphthene) PITN, are reported, including initial characterization, electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopy, and transport properties. PITN has the smallest energy gap of any known conjugated organic polymer, Eg≂1 eV. This novel conjugated polymer exhibits reversible chemical and electrochemical p-type doping with an associated high contrast color change. After doping, thin films of PITN have very low optical density in the visible portion of the spectrum. Thus, PITN is the first example of a transparent highly conducting polymer (σ∼50 Ω−1 cm−1).
Primase from Escherichia coli primes single-stranded templates in the absence of single-stranded DNA-binding protein or other auxiliary proteins. Template sequence requirements based on the bacteriophage G4 complementary strand origin and Okazaki fragment initiation sites (1993)

We find that neither the hairpins nor bound single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) are required for in vitro primase activity at the G4 complementary strand origin. Primase has the ability to prime synthetic DNA templates in the absence of any auxiliary proteins, including SSB, and in the absence of any DNA secondary structure. primase does, however, initiate primer synthesis starting at a specific nucleotide sequence present in both the G4 origin system and at sites of Okazaki fragment initiation. We tested a series of single-stranded DNA templates that consisted of various portions of the G4 complementary strand origin for the ability to support primer synthesis. Primer synthesis activity was determined using an assay in which primer length and quantity are monitored by the incorporation of [gamma-32P]ATP once per primer and the products analyzed on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. We find that primase requires only a short DNA template, 5'-(AC)7CTG CAA AGC-3', to synthesize a 17-nucleotide primer starting at the thymidine residue. We also report primase's ability to incorporate dideoxyribonucleotide triphosphates into primers, which has allowed us to determine directly both length and sequence of primers synthesized.
Automatic removal of unused code for software testing (2015)

This report is submitted as part requirement for the BSc Degree in Computer Science at UCL.
Accelerating the Translation of Nanomaterials in Biomedicine (2015)

Due to their size and tailorable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials are an emerging class of structures utilized in biomedical applications. There are now many prominent examples of nanomaterials being used to improve human health, in areas ranging from imaging and diagnostics to therapeutics and regenerative medicine. An overview of these examples reveals several common areas of synergy and future challenges. This Nano Focus discusses the current status and future potential of promising nanomaterials and their translation from the laboratory to the clinic, by highlighting a handful of successful examples.
GPS patch antenna with photovoltaic solar cells for vehicular applications (2003)

This paper describes the application of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells in planar antenna structures. The radiating patch element of a planar antenna is replaced by a solar cell. The original feature of a solar cell (DC current generation) remains, but additionally the cell is now able to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves. Both single solar cells as well as solar cell arrays can be used as antennas. However, the DC connection of the solar cells must be considered. By means of an elaborated series connection of the solar cells a harmful influence on the antenna properties may be avoided. Besides a general technical description, a solar-cell antenna for GPS applications is presented in detail. As a demonstrator, an aperture coupled patch antenna has been realised, which is suited for integration in vehicular glass roofs. The solar cell antenna is manufactured with commonly used production methods for solar modules. It turned out that some of the used materials degrade the antenna properties. Nevertheless, the comparison of measured and simulated antenna properties shows a good agreement, and the antenna works well with commercial GPS receivers. The DC voltage of the solar cells is about 18 V. Thus support of the car battery and the power supply is possible, which enables new applications like permanent cabin ventilation.
Classification of commercial bitter orange essential oils ( <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L.), based on a combination of chemical and sensory analyses of specific odor markers (2014)

Ten commercial cold-pressed Citrus aurantium L. essential oils (EOs) were previously classified according to their content in twenty-seven key odorants as measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis performed on odor markers and composition data made it possible to distinguish five EO groups. In addition to chemical measurements, thirty-one subjects participated in a sensory analysis of the sample odors and classified the ten EO samples by means of a free-sorting task. The very good correlation found between chemical and sensory measurements made it possible to confirm that the odor markers previously identified using GC–olfactometry were effective indicators of the EO overall odor. This method combining instrumental and sensory analyses thus appears promising for discriminating and classifying EOs from a given botanical species.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to isocyanates. (1976)

Four patients exposed to isocyanate vapour developed dyspnoea associated with restriction and reduced gas transfer as well as moderate airways obstruction on lung function testing. In one patient bilateral radiographic shadowing was present and an open lung biopsy was performed. The microscopic appearances ranged from acute inflammation to end-stage fibrosis but the centribular accentuation of disease and the presence of areas resembling bronchopulmonary aspergillosis suggested that the process was a hypersensitivity response to inhaled allergen. Challenge tests with albumin and toluene diisocyanate-albumin were carried out in sensitized and control rabbits. The sensitized animals developed extensive lung damage of the type associated with an Arthus reaction. It is suggested that patients exposed to isocyanates may occasionally develop a hypersensitivity pneumonitis rather than the more usual asthmatic syndrome.
Building community-centric information exploration applications on social content sites (2009)

Social content sites [4], which integrate traditional content sites with social networking features, have recently emerged as an exciting new trend on the Web. Users on those sites share content and form various communities based on explicit friendship, shared interest and common user properties. Recently, we proposed SOCIALSCOPE, a three-layered architecture to address the information management challenges in social content sites. In this paper, we focus on the information discovery and the information presentation layers, and describe how our previously proposed language, Jelly [3], is supported in SOCIALSCOPE to build community-centric information exploration applications on social content sites.
Growing the Blockchain Information Infrastructure (2017)

In this paper, we present ethnographic data that unpacks the everyday work of some of the many infrastructuring agents who contribute to creating, sustaining and growing the Blockchain information infrastructure. We argue that this infrastructuring work takes the form of entrepreneurial actions, which are self-initiated and primarily directed at sustaining or increasing the initiator's stake in the emerging information infrastructure. These entrepreneurial actions wrestle against the affordances of the installed base of the Blockchain infrastructure, and take the shape of engaging or circumventing activities. These activities purposefully aim at either influencing or working around the enablers and constraints afforded by the Blockchain information infrastructure, as its installed base is gaining inertia. This study contributes to our understanding of the purpose of infrastructuring, seen from the perspective of heterogeneous entrepreneurial agents. It supplements existing accounts of the "when" and "how" of infrastructure, with a lens for examining the "why" of infrastructure.
Synaptic pattern formation during cellular recognition (2001)

Cell-cell recognition often requires the formation of a highly organized pattern of receptor proteins (a synapse) in the intercellular junction. Recent experiments [e.g., Monks, C. R. F., Freiberg, B. A., Kupfer, H., Sciaky, N. & Kupfer, A. (1998) Nature (London) 395, 82-86; Grakoui, A., Bromley, S. K., Sumen, C., Davis, M. M., Shaw, A. S., Allen, P. M. & Dustin, M. L. (1999) Science 285, 221-227; and Davis, D. M., Chiu, I., Fassett, M., Cohen, G. B., Mandelboim, O. & Strominger, J. L. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 15062-15067] vividly demonstrate a complex evolution of cell shape and spatial receptor-ligand patterns (several microns in size) in the intercellular junction during immunological synapse formation. The current view is that this dynamic rearrangement of proteins into organized supramolecular activation clusters is driven primarily by active cytoskeletal processes [e.g., Dustin, M. L. & Cooper, J. A. (2000) Nat. Immunol. 1, 23-29; and Wulfing, C. & Davis, M. M. (1998) Science 282, 2266-2269]. Here, aided by a quantitative analysis of the relevant physico-chemical processes, we demonstrate that the essential characteristics of synaptic patterns observed in living cells can result from spontaneous self-assembly processes. Active cellular interventions are superimposed on these self-organizing tendencies and may also serve to regulate the spontaneous processes. We find that the protein binding/dissociation characteristics, protein mobilities, and membrane constraints measured in the cellular environment are delicately balanced such that the length and time scales of spontaneously evolving patterns are in near-quantitative agreement with observations for synapse formation between T cells and supported membranes [Grakoui, A., Bromley, S. K., Sumen, C., Davis, M. M., Shaw, A. S., Allen, P. M. & Dustin, M. L. (1999) Science 285, 221-227]. The model we present provides a common way of analyzing immunological synapse formation in disparate systems (e.g., T cell/antigen-presenting cell junctions with different MHC-peptides, natural killer cells, etc.).
Genetic Variants at the 9p21.3 Locus Are Associated with Risk for Non-Compressible Artery Disease: Results from the ARTPER Study (2023)

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and non-compressible artery disease (NCAD) constitute predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis easily assessed through the ankle brachial index (ABI). Although both diseases show substantial genetic influences, few genetic association studies have focused on the ABI and PAD, and none have focused on NCAD. To overcome these limitations, we assessed the role of several candidate genes on the ABI, both in its continuous distribution and in the clinical manifestations associated to its extreme values: PAD and NCAD. We examined 13 candidate genomic regions in 1606 participants from the ARTPER study, a prospective population-based cohort, with the ABI assessed through ultrasonography. Association analyses were conducted independently for individuals with PAD (ABI < 0.9) or with NCAD (ABI > 1.4) vs. healthy participants. After including potential covariates and correction for multiple testing, minor alleles in the genetic markers rs10757278 and rs1333049, both in the 9p21.3 region, were significantly associated with a decreased risk of NCAD. Associations with the ABI showed limited support to these results. No significant associations were detected for PAD. The locus 9p21.3 constitutes the first genetic locus associated with NCAD, an assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis feasible for implementation in primary healthcare settings that has been systematically neglected from genetic studies.
Potential application of PET in quality assurance of proton therapy (2000)

Our investigation supporting the feasibility of in situ PET monitoring in proton therapy is presented. We simulated by means of the FLUKA code the number and the spatial distribution of the main β+ emitters created in PMMA targets by protons at typical therapeutic energies. The quantitative comparison with the activation induced by 12C ions of energies corresponding to the same range shows that the available signal at the same physical dose level should be up to twice as intense for protons than that actually successfully used for the control of carbon ion therapy at GSI Darmstadt. The spatial correlation between the activity and the dose profile for protons is poorer than for 12C nuclei. However, an important check of the particle range, dose localization and stability of the treatment during all the fractions seems to be possible.
Platooning of autonomous vehicles with intervehicle communications in SUMO traffic simulator (2010)

An approach to increase road capacity consists in making vehicles move much closer to each other, i.e. using platoons, and to avoid the constant stop-and-go in urban traffic. This paper addresses the studies of new models to allow the research of cooperative and autonomous communication-enabled vehicles, with platooning capabilities, and the addition of new features in SUMO (Simulation for Urban MObility) to allow the simulation of those models. Simulations results of vehicle platoons using constant spacing instead of the more common constant time headway, with intervehicle communications, are reported in the paper. The platoon leaders are controlled by an external application and the simulation platform works at the subsecond level.
Etretinate therapy. (1987)

Etretinate is a retinoid given orally for the treatment of psoriasis and many other dermatoses. Side effects are similar to the hypervitaminosis A condition. Etretinate represents a substantial advance in dermatologic therapy.