gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RONDO, SIGNAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION (1999)

The problem of the conventional signal control system is response delay to the traffic flow changes. In order to solve it, a next generation signal control algorithm named RONDO (ROlling-horizoN based Dynamic Optimization of signal control) has been developed that enables dynamic optimization of signal control parameters according to traffic flow changes. A rolling-horizon algorithm is selected as an optimization method. RONDO can apply to diverse traffic conditions from under-saturated to over-saturated. RONDO also considers reducing traffic accidents. Some simulation tests have been executed for the first step of evaluation of the system. Simulation experiments results show that the system can manage unstable traffic flow well. It also shows the possible application of the system. The system will be installed in 2000. (A*) For the covering abstract see ITRD E110327.
Syntheses and reactions of 2‐halo‐5‐thiazolecarboxylates (1985)

Abstract A variety of 2‐halo‐5‐thiazolecarboxylates was prepared from substituted‐3‐aminoacrylates and 3‐ketoes‐ters. Selective reduction of 2‐chloro‐5‐thiazolecarboxylates 4a, 4i and 4j with sodium borohydride in ethanol provided the corresponding 2‐halo‐5‐thiazolemethanols 27‐29 . Nucleophilic displacements on [2‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5‐thiazolyl]methyl methanesulfonate ( 32c ) occurred selectively at the 5‐substituent to provide 2‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5‐(heteroatom‐substituted‐methyl)thiazoles 32d‐f.
Improving adaptive feedback cancellation in digital hearing aids through offending frequency suppression (2010)

Adaptive filters are commonly used to cancel acoustic feedback in hearing aids. The sound quality of hearing aids deteriorates as the hearing aid gain is increased. This paper presents a method that increases gain possible in hearing aids by automatically identifying and suppressing residual acoustical feedback components that have the potential to drive the system to instability. The increase in the hearing aid gain over traditional methods and the output sound quality were evaluated using subjective tests. The results indicate that the method of this paper provides 6 to 8 dB more hearing aid gain and less perceptual distortion in the output sound quality than several competing algorithms to improve the performance of adaptive feedback cancellers.
Real time monitoring of aging process in power converters using the SSTDR generated impedance matrix (2013)

A non-interfering measurement technique has been proposed in this paper to identify aging in various components in a power converter circuit. Several power MOSFETs and IGBTs were aged in a controlled environment, and spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) technique was applied to these components to determine the associated level of electrical degradation while they were connected in an energized circuit. Multiple impedance matrices have been created based on the measured reflection across multiple node pairs of the circuit, and these reflections are the true representations of the impedance across those node pairs. Therefore, these matrices provide key information about the level of electrical degradation associated to the core power components in the power circuit, and it is possible to predict the remaining life of the power converter by using this impedance matrices.
Evaluation of Albuminated Curcumin as Soluble Drug Form to Control Growth of Cancer Cells &lt;i&gt;in Vitro&lt;/i&gt; (2014)

Curcumin (Curc) is well known for its anticancer activity, but its poor solubility in aqueous medium is a major concern for little therapeutic outcome. Therefore, the effort to improve its bioavailability is a major research interest. The current study aimed at conjugation of Curc to serum albumin (Alb) to increase aqueous solubility of the former without affecting its drug action on cancer cell lines and primary cells in culture. Conditions for preparation of albumin-curcumin (Alb-Curc) conjugate were standardized to obtain pure and stable drug. The product was obtained in sufficient quantity to test its effect on cells in culture at different doses. Briefly, the conjugate was prepared by mixing Curc dissolved in DMSO with the Alb dissolved in phosphate buffered saline; conjugate was purified by gel filtration chromatography and was analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy for characteristic peaks of both molecules. The conjugate was added to culture medium to identify the effect of conjugate on cell cycling and apoptosis. Albuminated curcumin that showed 100-fold higher solubility than free Curc was stable and inhibitory to proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The conjugate showed apoptotic effects on endothelial cells indicating its anti angiogenic property. Primary fibroblast growth was also inhibited but at the higher dose. The in vitro results suggest that Alb-Curc which is free of insoluble native drug may find application in cancer therapy after appropriate in vivo evaluations.
Heliradar - a synthetic aperture radar with rotating antennas (1993)

Nowadays available radar instruments are not capable to guide a helicopter pilot safely during approach and landing under poor visibility conditions. This is due to lack of resolution and lack of elevation (height) information. The basic technology that could be used to improve the radar significantly is the ROSAR technology, a synthetic aperture radar based on rotating antennas. On the basis of encouraging research work on the ROSAR technology, Eurocopter Deutschland (ECD) started in 1992 a research program to investigate the feasibility of a ROSAR based imaging radar: HeliRadar. The objective of HeliRadar is to provide a photolike image whose resolution is good enough to safely guide a pilot under poor visibility conditions to the target destination.
Soluble Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoproteins gH, gL, and gp42 Form a 1:1:1 Stable Complex That Acts Like Soluble gp42 in B-Cell Fusion but Not in Epithelial Cell Fusion (2006)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus that infects cells by fusing its lipid envelope with the target cell membrane. The fusion process requires the actions of viral glycoproteins gH, gL, and gB for entry into epithelial cells and additionally requires gp42 for entry into B cells. To further study the roles of these membrane-associated glycoproteins, purified soluble forms of gp42, gH, and gL were expressed that lack the membrane-spanning regions. The soluble gH/gL protein complex binds to soluble gp42 with high affinity, forming a stable heterotrimer with 1:1:1 stoichiometry, and this complex is not formed by an N-terminally truncated variant of gp42. The effects of adding soluble gp42, gH/gL, and gH/gL/gp42 were examined with a virus-free cell-cell fusion assay. The results demonstrate that, in contrast to gp42, membrane fusion does not proceed with secreted gH/gL. The addition of soluble gH/gL does not inhibit or enhance B-cell or epithelial cell fusion when membrane-bound gH/gL, gB, and gp42 are present. However, the soluble gH/gL/gp42 complex does activate membrane fusion with B cells, similarly to soluble gp42, but it does not inhibit fusion with epithelial cells, as observed for gp42 alone. A gp42 peptide, derived from an N-terminal segment involved in gH/gL interactions, binds to soluble gH/gL and inhibits EBV-mediated epithelial cell fusion, mimicking gp42. These observations reveal distinct functional requirements for gH/gL and gp42 complexes in EBV-mediated membrane fusion.
Porphyrins Bearing Arylphosphonic Acid Tethers for Attachment to Oxide Surfaces. (2004)

Synthetic molecules bearing phosphonic acid groups can be readily attached to oxide surfaces. As\npart of a program in molecular-based information storage, we have developed routes for the synthesis\nof diverse porphyrinic compounds bearing phenylphosphonic acid tethers. The routes enable (1)\nincorporation of masked phosphonic acid groups in precursors for use in the rational synthesis of\nporphyrinic compounds and (2) derivatization of porphyrins with masked phosphonic acid groups.\nThe precursors include dipyrromethanes, monoacyldipyrromethanes, and diacyldipyrromethanes.\nThe <i>tert</i>-butyl group has been used to mask the dihydroxyphosphoryl substituent. The di-<i>tert</i>-butyloxyphosphoryl unit is stable to the range of conditions employed in syntheses of porphyrins\nand multiporphyrin arrays yet can be deprotected under mild conditions (TMS-Cl/TEA or TMS-Br/TEA in refluxing CHCl<sub>3</sub>) that do not cause demetalation of zinc or magnesium porphyrins. The\nporphyrinic compounds that have been prepared include (1) A<sub>3</sub>B-, <i>trans</i>-AB<sub>2</sub>C-, and ABCD-porphyrins that bear a single phenylphosphonic acid group, (2) a <i>trans</i>-A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>-porphyrin bearing\ntwo phenylphosphonic acid groups, (3) a chlorin that bears a single phenylphosphonic acid group,\nand (4) a porphyrin dyad bearing a single phenylphosphonic acid group. For selected porphyrin-phosphonic acids, the electrochemical characteristics have been investigated for molecules tethered\nto SiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces grown on doped Si. The voltammetric behavior indicates that the porphyrin-phosphonic acids form robust, electrically well-behaved monolayers on the oxide surface.
The x‐ray light valve: A potentially low‐cost, digital radiographic imaging system‐concept and implementation considerations (2008)

New x-ray radiographic systems based on large-area flat-panel technology have revolutionized our capability to produce digital x-ray images. However, these imagers are extraordinarily expensive compared to the systems they are replacing. Hence, there is a need for a low-cost digital imaging system for general applications in radiology. A novel potentially low-cost radiographic imaging system based on established technologies is proposed-the X-Ray Light Valve (XLV). This is a potentially high-quality digital x-ray detector made of a photoconducting layer and a liquid-crystal cell, physically coupled in a sandwich structure. Upon exposure to x rays, charge is collected on the surface of the photoconductor. This causes a change in the optical properties of the liquid-crystal cell and a visible image is generated. Subsequently, it is digitized by a scanned optical imager. The image formation is based on controlled modulation of light from an external source. The operation and practical implementation of the XLV system are described. The potential performance of the complete system and issues related to sensitivity, spatial resolution, noise, and speed are discussed. The feasibility of clinical use of an XLV device based on amorphous selenium (a-Se) as the photoconductor and a reflective electrically controlled birefringence cell is analyzed. The results of our analysis indicate that the XLV can potentially be adapted to a wide variety of radiographic tasks.
Intraoperative Real-Time Localization of Normal Parathyroid Glands With Autofluorescence Imaging (2016)

This method showed the precise localization of the parathyroid glands and demonstrated their relation to background tissue. We believe that this simple, nonexogenous dye technique of anatomical guidance can aid surgeons to preserve parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy.
ASD-SAENet: A Sparse Autoencoder, and Deep-Neural Network Model for Detecting Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using fMRI Data (2021)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized by impaired communication, and limited social interactions. The shortcomings of current clinical approaches which are based exclusively on behavioral observation of symptomology, and poor understanding of the neurological mechanisms underlying ASD necessitates the identification of new biomarkers that can aid in study of brain development, and functioning, and can lead to accurate and early detection of ASD. In this paper, we developed a deep-learning model called <i>ASD-SAENet</i> for classifying patients with ASD from typical control subjects using fMRI data. We designed and implemented a sparse autoencoder (SAE) which results in optimized extraction of features that can be used for classification. These features are then fed into a deep neural network (DNN) which results in superior classification of fMRI brain scans more prone to ASD. Our proposed model is trained to optimize the classifier while improving extracted features based on both reconstructed data error and the classifier error. We evaluated our proposed deep-learning model using publicly available Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset collected from 17 different research centers, and include more than 1,035 subjects. Our extensive experimentation demonstrate that <i>ASD-SAENet</i> exhibits comparable accuracy (70.8%), and superior specificity (79.1%) for the whole dataset as compared to other methods. Further, our experiments demonstrate superior results as compared to other state-of-the-art methods on 12 out of the 17 imaging centers exhibiting superior generalizability across different data acquisition sites and protocols. The implemented code is available on GitHub portal of our lab at: https://github.com/pcdslab/ASD-SAENet.
Methylation of multiple genes as molecular markers for diagnosis of a small, well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

The current study was conducted to identify robust methylation markers and their combinations that may prove useful for the diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To achieve this, we performed in silico CpG mapping, direct sequencing and pyrosequencing after bisulfite treatment, and quantitative methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in HCC and non-HCC liver tissues. In the filtering group (25 HCCs), our direct sequencing analysis showed that, among the 12 methylation genes listed by in silico CpG mapping, 7 genes (RASSF1A, CCND2, SPINT2, RUNX3, GSTP1, APC and CFTR) were aberrantly methylated in stages I and II HCCs. In the validation group (20 pairs of HCCs and the corresponding non-tumor liver tissues), pyrosequencing analysis confirmed that the 7 genes were aberrantly and strongly methylated in early HCCs, but not in any of the corresponding non- tumor liver tissues (p < 0.00001). The results obtained using our novel quantitative MSP assay correlated well with those observed using the pyrosequencing analysis. Notably, in MSP assay, RASSF1A showed the most robust performance for the discrimination of HCC and non-HCC liver tissues. Furthermore, a combination of RASSF1A, CCND2 and SPINT2 showed 89-95% sensitivity, 91-100% specificity and 89-97% accuracy in discriminating between HCC and non-HCC tissues, and correctly diagnosed all early HCCs. These results indicate that the combination of these 3 genes may aid in the accurate diagnosis of early HCC.
The Intervening Sequence RNA of <i>Tetrahymena</i> Is an Enzyme (1986)

A shortened form of the self-splicing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) intervening sequence of Tetrahymena thermophila acts as an enzyme in vitro. The enzyme catalyzes the cleavage and rejoining of oligonucleotide substrates in a sequence-dependent manner with Km = 42 microM and kcat = 2 min-1. The reaction mechanism resembles that of rRNA precursor self-splicing. With pentacytidylic acid as the substrate, successive cleavage and rejoining reactions lead to the synthesis of polycytidylic acid. Thus, the RNA molecule can act as an RNA polymerase, differing from the protein enzyme in that it uses an internal rather than an external template. At pH 9, the same RNA enzyme has activity as a sequence-specific ribonuclease.
Dynamic Visible Monitoring of Heterogeneous Local Strain Response through an Organic Mechanoresponsive AIE Luminogen (2020)

Local strain concentration is critically important for damage formation of structural components. Therefore, it is of particular interest in developing the structural health monitoring (SHM) method for large-scale, full-field, and on-site monitoring of local strain response in complicated structural components in service. The present work investigated a SHM method based on a pure organic mechanoresponsive luminogen (MRL), 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)ethane, for heterogeneous local strain concentration. Invisible heterogeneous local strain response in complicated weld joints is transformed into visible fluorescence under monotonic tension and cyclic stress loading. The local strain (<15%) calculated by fluorescence intensity has a good agreement with the results obtained by the conventional digital image correlation method, indicating good measurement accuracy of the calibrated organic MRL method. The heterogeneity of local strain in complicated weld joints increases along with elongation and number of stress cycles. Moreover, the higher mean stress and stress amplitude can induce significantly higher accumulated local strain in the relatively soft fusion zone region. Compared with conventional strain measurement methods, the present organic MRL method opens up new possibilities for large-scale, full-field, and on-site monitoring of local strain concentration and damage in complicated structural components.
Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors Using Immobilized Bioreceptors (1988)

Optrodes employing immobilized enzymes were developed using covalent attachment of sensor reagents. This development is an extension of the original application of this sensor technology in which a pH sensor was constructed with the pH sensitive dye fluorescein incorporated into a polymer covalently attached to the fiber tip. This sensor displayed significantly improved response times over previous fiber optic sensors because of reduced diffusion limitations. In addition, the signal intensities were greatly enhanced by the high concentration of fluorescent dye localized at the fiber tip. With the anticipation that these qualities would be preserved, a class of sensors based on the immobilization of biomolecules in the polymer matrix became the next goal. This paper will first describe a fiber optic probe prepared by immobilizing esterase in a crosslinked polyacrylamide matrix. The immobilized esterase converts the nonfluorescent fluoresceindiacetate into fluorescein. Both the steady state level and kinetic generation of fluorescence can be related to the concentration of fluoresceindiacetate. A fiber optic sensor for penicillin has been made by coimmobili zing penicillinase with a pH sensitive fluorescent dye. Penicillinase converts penicillin to penicilloic acid which produces a microenvironmental pH change in the dye-containing polymer matrix resulting in a concommitant change in fluorescence. The change in fluorescence is proportional to the concentration of penicillin and a 95% response is reached in 40-60 seconds. The sensor has a detection limit of 2.5 x 10-4 M. Another class of sensors using immobilized bioreceptors will be based on the principles of fluoroimmunoassay. This paper will discuss some basic principles and problems of 1) fluorescence quenching immunoassays, 2) fluorescence excitation transfer immunoassays, and 3) energy transfer immunoassays for digoxin. Both advantages and inherent problems for these sensor preparations will be addressed.
Reducing noise in photoamplifier circuits with low noise artificial resistors (1982)

A standard passive dissipative resistor in a photodiode circuit is replaced by a low-noise active artificial resistor. A room-temperature artificial resistor acts on a signal current from the photodiode in the same manner as the resistor, but the self-generated noise of the artificial resistor is that of a resistor at cryogenic temperatures. Because of its low noise, the artificial resistor can produce an improvement in the signal to noise of the photodetector system with minimum effect on the bandwidth. Analysis shows that the system signal to noise can approach that of the photodiode itself. An experiment designed to demonstrate the effect produced an improvement of 2.8 dB in a photoamplifier circuit.
Adaptation in Web Service Composition and Execution (2006)

Web services simplify enterprise application integration by facilitating reuse of existing components for creating new services. In a dynamic environment, it is imperative to design a Web Service Composition and Execution (WSCE) system that adapts to failure of component services or changes in their QoS offerings. In this paper, we motivate a staged approach for adaptive WSCE (A-WSCE) that cleanly separates the functional and non-functional requirements of a new service, and enables different environmental changes to be absorbed at different stages of composition and execution. We use Synthy, a prototype service creation environment, to implement our solution and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Effective Islet Isolation Method with Extremely High Islet Yields from Adult Pigs (2005)

Achieving good islet isolation is one of the most important factors for successful islet transplantation. Porcine pancreas is suitable for islet isolation research due to its anatomical and physiological similarities to human pancreas. In this study, we evaluated a new porcine islet isolation method designed to maximize islet yield and compared it with our previous open pan method and the standard method using a Ricordi chamber (Ricordi method). We performed 15 porcine islet isolations, five each with the new method, the open pan method, and the Ricordi method. The new method features several important improvements. Pancreata remain uncut and are kept intact during collagenase intraductal injection, a large filtration chamber to handle whole pancreata, low concentration of collagenase (Liberase HI) for digestion, and large plastic containers for large-scale islet purification. All isolated islets were assessed for yield, purity, viability and in vitro function. Islets isolated with this new method were transplanted under the kidney capsules of SCID mice with chemically induced diabetes for in vivo functional assessment (n = 8). With the new method, we obtained on average more than 1,000,000 islet equivalents (IE) (1,236,266 +/- 213,486 IE) (mean +/- SE) before purification and 800,000 IE (879,815 +/- 222,729 IE) after purification from one adult pig. Islet yield per pancreas was significantly higher compared with our previous open pan method (30,666 +/- 11,532 IE, p < 0.01) and the Ricordi method (317,073 +/- 86,093 IE, p < 0.05). All mice, transplanted with 1000 islets from the new method, returned to normoglycemia within 4 days after transplantation. Our new method makes it possible to obtain extremely high porcine islet yield with good function. It should produce useful information for human islet isolation and transplantation, and might be applied to single donor clinical xenogeneic transplantation.