gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of red cell transfusion on oxygen consumption following fluid resuscitation in septic shock. (1990)

Previous studies have shown that fluid resuscitation in septic shock improves oxygen consumption. Red cell transfusion during resuscitation from septic shock has also been shown to enhance oxygen consumption in patients with elevated lactate levels. This study investigates the effect of increasing oxygen delivery (DO2) through an isolated increase in arterial oxygen content following adequate fluid resuscitation from septic shock in humans. Nineteen patients receiving red cell transfusion (591 +/- 55 SEM ml) were monitored for changes in hemodynamic and oxygen utilization variables before and after transfusion. Transfusion resulted in a significant increase in hemoglobin (8.3 +/- 0.3 to 10.7 +/- 0.3 g.dl-1) and DO2 (483 +/- 29 to 621 +/- 32 ml.min-1.m-2). No increase in cardiac output or pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) resulted from the transfusion. In spite of the increase in delivery, there was no increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) or decrease in lactate. Subset analysis revealed that a pretransfusion oxygen extraction ratio under 24% was associated with an increase in VO2, but the pretransfusion level of cardiac index, PAWP, lactate, or VO2 was not. An isolated increase in arterial oxygen content as a means of increasing DO2 does not improve VO2 in septic shock following adequate fluid resuscitation. Patients with a low oxygen extraction ratio (less than 24%) represent a subset of patients which did improve consumption with transfusion, and may represent a more severe microcirculatory disturbance not amenable to fluid loading.
An analysis on plug-in electric vehicle's operating cost considering cost of battery capacity degradation (2017)

This paper analyzes the battery capacity degradation under different state of charge(SOC) ranges, which indicates that battery capacity degradation can be notably reduced by adjusting the way of charging electric vehicles(EVs). A customary way of charging is defined according to practical driving data. Economic analysis and numerical example, including ideal way of charging(IWC), the worst way of charging (WWC) and customary way of charging(CWC), are made to evaluate the cost of battery capacity degradation. Results show that the cost of battery degradation is a nonnegligible and elastic part of the total cost for a single time charging.
KA-BAND TRANSMITTER FOR IP TRANSFER OVER SATELLITE (2002)

This project presents a single conversion, no spectral inversion, Ka-band transmitter.The transmitter is part of a satellite interactive terminal used in a new generation of interactive networks for lnternet protocol transfer over Ka-band satellites.The Ka-band transmitter is a part of the return channel link, for data transport from customer sites, over satellite, to the Hub that is connected to the lnternet backbone.Design considerations and simulation results for the transmitter upconverter section only are presented.Measurements performed on sub-circuit level show a very close match between the simulation data and actual measurement results.Unit level measurement is also completed, and results illustrate that the transmitter exceeds the required specification with a considerable margin.The return channel link budget calculation is carried out with a goal to determine whether or not the required probability of error performance is met with a data transfer rate of 348 Kbps.This calculation demonstrates that an availability of service of 99.7% can be achieved when this transmitter/outdoor unit is deployed in the ASTRA Broadband interactive network.
Efficient hash tables for network applications (2015)

Hashing has yet to be widely accepted as a component of hard real-time systems and hardware implementations, due to still existing prejudices concerning the unpredictability of space and time requirements resulting from collisions. While in theory perfect hashing can provide optimal mapping, in practice, finding a perfect hash function is too expensive, especially in the context of high-speed applications. The introduction of hashing with multiple choices, d-left hashing and probabilistic table summaries, has caused a shift towards deterministic DRAM access. However, high amounts of rare and expensive high-speed SRAM need to be traded off for predictability, which is infeasible for many applications. In this paper we show that previous suggestions suffer from the false precondition of full generality. Our approach exploits four individual degrees of freedom available in many practical applications, especially hardware and high-speed lookups. This reduces the requirement of on-chip memory up to an order of magnitude and guarantees constant lookup and update time at the cost of only minute amounts of additional hardware. Our design makes efficient hash table implementations cheaper, more predictable, and more practical.
A framework for modelling kinematic measurements in gravity field applications (1989)

To assess the resolution of the local gravity field from kinematic measurements, a state model for motion in the gravity field of the earth is formulated. The resulting set of equations can accommodate gravity gradients, specific force, acceleration, velocity and position as input data and can take into account approximation errors as well as sensor errors.
Integrated Analysis of Molecular and Clinical Prognostic Factors in Stage II/III Colon Cancer (2012)

Concomitant assessment of molecular and clinical markers in multivariable analysis is essential to confirm or refute their independent prognostic value. Including molecular markers with independent prognostic value might allow more accurate prediction of prognosis than TNM staging alone.
PyFluor: A Low-Cost, Stable, and Selective Deoxyfluorination Reagent (2015)

We report an inexpensive, thermally stable deoxyfluorination reagent that fluorinates a broad range of alcohols without substantial formation of elimination side products. This combination of selectivity, safety, and economic viability enables deoxyfluorination on preparatory scale. We employ the [(18)F]-labeled reagent in the first example of a no-carrier-added deoxy-radiofluorination.
A Protracted and Dynamic Maturation Schedule Underlies <i>Arabidopsis</i> Leaf Development (2008)

Leaf development has been monitored chiefly by following anatomical markers. Analysis of transcriptome dynamics during leaf maturation revealed multiple expression patterns that rise or fall with age or that display age-specific peaks. These were used to formulate a digital differentiation index (DDI) based on a set of selected markers with informative expression during leaf ontogeny. The leaf-based DDI reliably predicted the developmental state of leaf samples from diverse sources and was independent of mitotic cell division transcripts or propensity of specific cell types. When calibrated by informative root markers, the same algorithm accurately diagnosed dissected root samples. We used the DDI to characterize plants with reduced activities of multiple CINCINNATA (CIN)-TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF) growth regulators. These plants had giant curled leaves made up of small cells with abnormal shape, low DDI scores, and low expression of mitosis markers, depicting the primary role of CIN-TCPs as promoters of differentiation. Delayed activity of several CIN-TCPs resulted in abnormally large but flat leaves with regular cells. The application of DDI has therefore portrayed the CIN-TCPs as heterochronic regulators that permit the development of a flexible and robust leaf form through an ordered and protracted maturation schedule.
[Preliminary study in female rats of the immunoregulatory effect of estradiol, progesterone and pituitary prolactin on natural killer-like cell mediated cytotoxic activity]. (1985)

A spontaneous non-immune natural killing-like cytotoxic activity is induced in cyclic non mated virgin F/344 females by progesterone + oestradiol or progesterone alone treatment after bilateral ovariectomy. Many indications attribute this cytotoxic response to the absence of the mating stimulated pituitary prolactin release which normally rescues the corpora lutea from regression, and brings about the necessary progesterone for pregnancy or pseudopregnancy.
A Review of Emotion Recognition Using Physiological Signals (2018)

Emotion recognition based on physiological signals has been a hot topic and applied in many areas such as safe driving, health care and social security. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on physiological signal-based emotion recognition, including emotion models, emotion elicitation methods, the published emotional physiological datasets, features, classifiers, and the whole framework for emotion recognition based on the physiological signals. A summary and comparation among the recent studies has been conducted, which reveals the current existing problems and the future work has been discussed.
Layout decomposition and synthesis for a modular technology to solve the edge-placement challenges by combining selective etching, direct stitching, and alternating-material self-aligned multiple patterning processes (2016)

To overcome the prohibitive barriers of edge-placement errors (EPE) in the cut/block/via step of complementary lithography, we propose a modular patterning approach by combining layout stitching, selective etching, and alternating-material self-aligned multiple patterning (altSAMP) processes. In this patterning approach, altSAMP is used to create line arrays with two materials alternatively which allow a highly selective etching process to remove one material without attacking the other, therefore more significant EPE effect can be tolerated in line-cutting step. With no need of connecting vias, the stitching process can form 2-D features by directly stitching two components of patterns together to create 2-D design freedom as well as multiple-CD/pitch capability. By adopting this novel approach, we can potentially achieve higher processing yield and more 2-D design freedom for continuous IC scaling down to 5 nm. We developed layout decomposition and synthesis algorithms for critical layers, and the fin/gate/metal layer from NSCU open cell library is used to test the proposed algorithms.
Initial experience in treating human lymphoma with a combination of bispecific antibody and saporin. (1992)

Results are presented showing the use of bispecific F(ab')2 antibodies (bsAbs) in the delivery of saporin for the treatment of 2 human B-cell malignancies. BsAbs delivering saporin through CD22, but not through CD19, were effective at inhibiting the uptake of [3H]leucine by Daudi and Raji cells. Furthermore, a combination of 2 anti-CD22 bsAbs, selected to bind simultaneously to saporin, bound saporin 20 times more avidly and inhibited protein synthesis far more efficiently than any single bsAb. In the first patient, with end-stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), treatment with 10 mg of saporin complexed to 100 mg of anti-CD19 bsAb over 43 days showed no therapeutic effect. In contrast, the second patient, with end-stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), given 5 mg of saporin complexed with a pair (50 mg) of anti-CD22 bsAbs over 15 days showed a marked clinical response, including complete clearance of tumour from the blood, clearance of ascites and shrinkage of tumour masses. Neither patient experienced any toxic side-effects, either during or after treatment. However, the second patient developed a strong anti-mouse Fab (HAMA) response 28 days after the treatment started. No anti-saporin response could be detected.
Effect of rapid thermal reoxidation on the electrical properties of rapid thermally nitrided thin-gate oxides (1992)

The authors report a systematic study of the impact of post-nitridation rapid thermal anneals in oxygen and nitrogen on the electrical properties of MOS devices with thin gate oxides. A comparative study of the two annealing ambients has led to the formulation of qualitative models to describe the charge trapping properties of the respective gate dielectrics. Roles of the post-nitridation anneals in altering the radiation and hot-electron sensitivity of the MOS devices are investigated and explained on the basis of structural changes in the gate oxides during nitridation and subsequent annealing. The performance and reliability of MOSFETs with reoxidized nitrided gate oxides are investigated. Overall, the results indicate that reoxidized nitrided oxides show improved charge trapping properties, better resistance to radiation and hot-carrier stress, and improved high-field electron mobility in MOSFETs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Persistent memory: a storage architecture for object-oriented database systems (1986)

Object-oriented databases are needed to support database objects with a wide variety of types and structures. A persistent memory system provides a storage architecture for long-term, reliable retention of objects with rich types and structures in the virtual memory itself. It is based on a uniform memory abstraction, which eliminates the distinction between transient objects (data structures) and persistent objects (files and databases), and therefore, allows the same set of powerful and flexible operations to be applied with equal efficiency on both transient and persistent objects from a programming language such as Lisp or Prolog. Because no separate file system is assumed for long-term, reliable storage of objects, the system requires a crash recovery scheme at the level of the virtual memory, which is a major contribution of the paper. It is expected that the persistent memory system will lead to significant simplifications in implementing applications such as object-oriented databases.
A New Floating and Tunable Capacitance Multiplier With Large Multiplication Factor (2019)

This paper presents a CMOS floating and tunable capacitance multiplier with a very large multiplication factor. The proposed design uses CCII and OTAs designed using MOSFETs biased in subthreshold region to provide low power consumption and high multiplication factor. TANNER TSPICE simulation tool is used to confirm the functionality of the design in 0.18μm TSMC CMOS technology. The circuit is powered using ±0.75V DC supply voltage. Simulation results indicate that the maximum multiplication factor is 3600 and the maximum error is 8.6%.
Mobile Network Failure Event Detection and Forecasting With Multiple User Activity Data Sets (2018)

As the demand for mobile network services increases, immediate detection and forecasting of network failure events have become important problems for service providers. Several event detection approaches have been proposed to tackle these problems by utilizing social data. However, these approaches have not tried to solve event detection and forecasting problems from multiple data sets, such as web access logs and search queries. In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach that incorporates multiple user activity data into detecting and forecasting failure events. Our approach is based on a two-level procedure. First, we introduce a novel feature construction method that treats both the imbalanced label problem and the data sparsity problem of user activity data. Second, we propose a model ensemble method that combines outputs of supervised and unsupervised learning models for each data set and gives accurate predictions of network service outage. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models by extensive experiments with real-world failure events occurred at a network service provider in Japan and three user activity data sets.
Cell surface components of Streptococcus sanguis: relationship to aggregation, adherence, and hydrophobicity (1985)

Cell surfaces of aggregation, adherence, and hydrophilic variants of Streptococcus sanguis were compared with cell surfaces of the parent strain with regard to their protein and antigenic constituents. Cell surface molecules were released by digestion with mutanolysin. Extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) urea, lithium diiodosalicylate, and boiling water did not solubilize any material which stained with AgNO3 in an SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel. The parent organism S. sanguis 12, which aggregates in saliva, adheres to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and is hydrophobic, was found to possess a prominently staining 160,000 molecular weight (MW) protein. This protein was almost completely absent from strain 12na, a hydrophobic nonaggregating variant, and was completely absent from the hydrophilic nonaggregating strain 12L. Trypsinization of strain 12 resulted in the coincident loss of the 160,000-MW protein and the ability to aggregate in saliva. Trypsin treatment reduced but did not eliminate the hydrophobic character of the cells. Boiling destroyed their ability to aggregate, but did not alter their hydrophobicity. Cell wall digests of strain 12 contained a number of proteins which were absent from strains 12na and 12L. Mutanolysin digests of cell walls of the hydrophilic strains contained almost no material that was visible in a silver-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel. Culture supernatants contained a number of proteins which were immunologically cross-reactive with cell surface proteins. The hydrophilic organisms released a number of 60,000- to 90,000-MW proteins not seen in culture supernatants from the parent strain.
Comparisons of Discrete Wavelet Transform, Wavelet Packet Transform and Stationary Wavelet Transform in Denoising PD Measurement Data (2006)

Noise has been a major limitation to partial discharge (PD) measurement. It is crucial to suppress noise prior to any PD data analysis. Recent research shows that the discrete wavelet transform, wavelet packet transform and stationary wavelet transform techniques have all achieved good effect in noise rejection in PD measurement. This paper compares the effectiveness and computing time required of the three types of wavelet transform methods when applied to simulated PD data in presence of white noise and sinusoidal interference
Kanosamine Biosynthesis:  A Likely Source of the Aminoshikimate Pathway's Nitrogen Atom (2002)

The biosynthetic source of the nitrogen atom incorporated into the aminoshikimate pathway has remained a question for some time. 3-Amino-3-deoxy-D-fructose 6-phosphate has previously been demonstrated to be a precursor to 4-amino-3,4-dideoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate and 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid via the inferred intermediacy of 1-deoxy-1-imino-D-erythrose 4-phosphate in Amycolatopsis mediterranei cell-free extract. This investigation examines the possibility that the natural product kanosamine might be a precursor to 3-amino-3-deoxy-D-fructose 6-phosphate. Kanosamine 6-phosphate was synthesized by a chemoenzymatic route and incubated in A. mediterranei cell-free lysate along with D-ribose 5-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. Formation of 4-amino-3,4-dideoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate and 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid was observed. Subsequent incubation in A. mediterranei cell-free lysate of glutamine and NAD with UDP-glucose resulted in the formation of kanosamine. The bioconversion of UDP-glucose into kanosamine along with the bioconversion of kanosamine 6-phosphate into 4-amino-3,4-dideoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate and 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid suggests that kanosamine biosynthesis is the source of the aminoshikimate pathway's nitrogen atom.
Large-scale expansion of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on gelatin microbeads, with retention of self-renewal and multipotency characteristics and the capacity for enhancing skin wound healing (2015)

Thus, hWJ-MSC can be expanded markedly in gelatin microbeads, while retaining MSC surface marker expression, multipotent differential potential, and expression of core transcription factors. These cells also efficiently enhanced skin wound healing in vivo, in a manner comparable to that of hWJ-MSC obtained from 2D culture.
The Use of Fluorescein Diacetate and Ethidium Bromide as a Viability Stain for Isolated Islets of Langerhans (1987)

There is a need for a simple, rapid, sensitive method for assessing the viability of isolated islets of Langerhans. In this study the fluorescent dyes fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and ethidium bromide (EB) have been used to provide a viability assay for isolated rat islets. Discrimination of living from dead islets is efficient; in a blind sorting experiment using freshly isolated islets and islets killed by either heat or alcohol, viability determined by insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation correlated well with viability as determined by FDA/EB staining. Furthermore, it is possible to discriminate degrees of viability, and a scoring system is described for this purpose which is shown to correlate with another index of viability, the ATP content. A reliable viability stain should not itself be toxic; FDA/EB stained islets remain viable after staining, showing normal response to glucose stimulation and normal function after transplantation.
Guanylyl Cyclase C-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2015)

The role of the immune system in promoting antitumor immunity has been a controversial issue since the discovery of Coley's toxins in the late 19 th century. However, the reemergence of the concept of tumor immunosurveillance in the early 21st century has initiated a renaissance in the field of cancer immunotherapy that is highlighted in therapeutics such as vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors that have the potential to transform the treatment of cancer. Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is an emerging form of immunotherapy that has demonstrated considerable potential in promoting complete remissions in patients with advanced melanomas. Further, advances in genetic engineering approaches have permitted the insertion of tumor-specific immune receptors into T cells that offer the potential to extend ACT to many different types of cancer including initial successes in B cell leukemia's. Extending this approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer would offer a significant treatment option for the estimated 50,000 patients who die of metastatic disease annually in the United States. However, to date ACT treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer have been limited by a paucity of suitable antigen targets that have to date been hindered by antigen-specific toxicities. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) is a receptor expressed on the apical surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells whose expression is maintained in >95% of colorectal cancer metastases. Moreover, GUCY2C has limited expression outside of the intestine highlighting its potential as a selective marker for metastatic disease. Here we explored the use of T cells engineered to express antibody-based chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting both mouse and human GUCY2C for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. We postulated that luminal GUCY2C-expression on intestinal epithelial cells would limit exposure of systemically administered CAR-T cells permitting the targeting of systemic colorectal cancer metastases in the absence of intestinal toxicities. GUCY2C-specific CARs induced antigen-specific T cell activation, cytokine production, and cytolytic activity. Further, GUCY2C-specific CAR-T cells extended survival in models of colorectal cancer metastatic to the lung and peritoneal cavity. Moreover, therapeutic efficacy occurred with the lack of intestinal toxicities suggesting GUCY2C is a safe target for the treatment of metastatic disease.