gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleaved Radar Pulse Scheduling for Multitarget Tracking With Multiple Simultaneous Receive Beams (2018)

This paper addresses interleaved pulse scheduling in multitarget tracking with a pulse Doppler phased array radar that can process multiple simultaneous receive beams (MSRB), using element or subarray level digital beamforming (DBF) architectures. Key constraints in this pulse scheduling such as consistent selection of pulse repetition frequency in an interleaved group of pulses are identified; the scheduling problems of both DBF levels are then formulated as an integer program that minimizes the total tracking time under these constraints. The formulation particularly takes into account the relief of nonoverlapping constraints on received beams by the MSRB processing, which facilitates pulse interleaving with reduced overall track occupancy. While the integer program formulation applies to both levels of beamforming architectures, an additional selection problem, termed disk selection, is presented for the subarray level beamforming case in order to consider a geometric limitation on the directions of received beams in digital postprocessing, called resteering. Heuristic algorithms for the interleaved pulse scheduling problems, which are shown to be NP-hard, are presented to produce feasible solutions in a computationally tractable manner. The practicality of the algorithms, in terms of performance and computation time, is validated by a complexity analysis and numerical simulations.
Improved Frequency Domain Resource Allocation Indication (2020)

This paper presents a new method for indicating contiguous resources in the frequency domain where the granularity of frequency resource can vary depending on the size of the actual allocation. The outcome is flexible frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) where the resource can be finely scheduled when the actual allocation is small or coarsely scheduled when the actual allocation is large. It provides a better tradeoff between scheduling flexibility and overhead reduction as compared to existing approaches. The method reduces the number of bits required to indicate the FDRA in the downlink control information (DCI) and can be applicable for future releases of 5G NR and any future generations of wireless access technologies.
ACT-enabled 100 MHz channel equalizer (for magnetic recording application) (1991)

An acoustic charge transport (ACT) equalizer with 128 taps and a 180-MHz tap sampling rate is demonstrated with a variety of head responses. The standard programmable transversal filter (PTF) product has been modified for magnetic recording applications by the addition of an instrumentation interface and specialized analog circuitry for low-frequency equalization. The resulting module, when combined with controlling software is known as a filter/equalizer development station (FEDS). A laboratory system employing two such FEDS modules for separate amplitude and zero-crossing equalization in a digital saturated magnetic recording peak detection channel is modeled and demonstrated. Equalizer impacts on system speed, packing density, and error rates are predicted with a channel model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
(An almost) pedagogical pattern for pattern-based problem-solving instruction (2004)

Importing design patterns from software engineering to the computer science education (CSE) field was followed by defining patterns and pattern languages suitable for CS courses. The main goal of incorporating patterns in CSE was to enhance students' programming abilities, as well as their design and problem-solving skills. Accordingly, various instructional materials were suggested for using patterns in classroom learning activities, such as collections of patterns and related programming assignments. However, the existing pattern-based materials seem to be insufficient for implementation in the classroom, especially when teaching introductory courses that emphasize syntax and programming language features. Therefore, alternative methods using applicative models for pattern-based instruction, which emphasize problem solving and program design issues rather than specific language features and syntax, should be developed and assimilated within the CS teaching community. We believe that successful implementation of such models should be accompanied by appropriate teacher-training.In this paper we describe an initial effort to expose CS teachers to the notions of pedagogical patterns and pattern-based instruction, aimed at motivating them to meaningfully adopt and adapt patterns to their concrete pedagogical needs.
XPS analysis of RTP formed ultrathin-gate oxynitride via low energy nitrogen implantation (2003)

Segregation of nitrogen to the surface was performed on nitrogen ion-implant (N-I/I) wafers under nitrogen gas. An ultrathin oxynitride layer ranging in thickness from 4 to 8.5 /spl Aring/ is the result of the segregation. Oxidation of nitrogen ion-implanted wafers, where the nitrogen is segregated beforehand and nitrogen ion-implanted wafers with no segregation prior to oxidation, is the focus of this study. The formation mechanism, the chemical composition and the physical thickness of the oxynitride films were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). An oxynitride film consisting of two layers resulted from simultaneous segregation and oxidation. The outcome is a nitrogen rich interface and an oxygen dominant surface. In the case of nitrogen segregation prior to oxidation, the nitrogen atoms in the oxynitride film are uniformly distributed throughout the film in the form of SiO/sub x/N/sub y/.
Observation of Interaction of Spin and Intrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum of Light (2017)

The interaction of spin and intrinsic orbital angular momentum of light is observed, as evidenced by length-dependent rotations of both spatial patterns and optical polarization in a cylindrically symmetric isotropic optical fiber. Such rotations occur in a straight few-mode fiber when superpositions of two modes with parallel and antiparallel orientation of spin and intrinsic orbital angular momentum (IOAM=2ℏ) are excited, resulting from a degeneracy splitting of the propagation constants of the modes.
Constant-flow ventilation of apneic dogs (1982)

The adequacy of constant airway gas flow sustenance of arterial blood gas tensions was investigated in anesthetized-paralyzed mongrel dogs. Gas delivery was achieved via a main-stem bronchi cannulation system constructed of two polyethylene tubes bifurcating at the carina, which rested on the posterior surface of the trachea outside of an endotracheal tube positioned in the upper third of the trachea. Equal flows (total flow = Vin) of humidified air were delivered through each limb of the cannulation system at constant flow rates with Vin ranging from 8 to 28 l/min. Intratracheal pressures at these flows characteristically ranged from 0.1 to 1 cmH2O. Arterial O2 tension varied directly (PaO2 = 0.72 Vin + 74.6), and arterial CO2 tension varied inversely (PaCO2 = -0.73 Vin + 51.2) with Vin during ambient gas, constant-flow ventilation (CFV). During prolonged CFV (greater than 2 h), no evidence of CO2 accumulation or deterioration of PaO2, was observed. This study demonstrates that in apneic dogs normal blood gases can be achieved and maintained over prolonged periods with constant airway flow at low intratracheal pressures.
Inspiring the Elected Official: Placemaking Reborn (2005)

New urban developments are not legal in most U.S. communities. Rarely are they built “by right.” Their creation requires protracted negotiation and variances to existing codes because most municipal zoning codes are written to support sprawl and not urban, mixed-use, walkable developments. Site-specific exemptions from the codes are both time-consuming and expensive, and fail to address the underlying flaws in the existing code.
On hidden nodes for neural nets (1989)

Recent results indicate that the number of hidden nodes (H) in a feedforward neural net depend only on the number of input training patterns (T). There appear to be conjectures that H is on the order of T-1 and of log/sub 2/T. A proof is given that the maximum number of separable regions (M) in the input space is a function of both H and input space dimension (d). The authors also show that H=M -1 and H=log/sub 2/M are special cases of that formulation. M defines a lower bound on T, the number of input patterns that may be used for training. Application to some experiments are investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective inactivation of the transacylase components of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1976)

1. The reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli with maleimides was examined. In the absence of substrates, the complex showed little or no reaction with N-ethylmaleimide. However, in the presence of pyruvate and N-ethylmaleimide, inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was rapid. Modification of the enzyme was restricted to the transacetylase component and the inactivation was proportional to the extent of modification. The lipoamide dehydrogenase activity of the complex was unaffected by the treatment. The simplest explanation is that the lipoyl groups on the transacetylase are reductively acetylated by following the initial stages of the normal catalytic cycle, but are thereby made susceptible to modification. Attempts to characterize the reaction product strongly support this conclusion. 2. Similarly, in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide and NADH, much of the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was lost within seconds, whereas the lipoamide dehydrogenase activity of the complex disappeared more slowly: the initial site of the reaction with the complex was found to be in the lipoyl transacetylase component. The simplest interpretation of these experiments is that NADH reduces the covalently bound lipoyl groups on the transacetylase by means of the associated lipoamide dehydrogenase component, thereby rendering them susceptible to modification. However, the dependence of the rate and extent of inactivation on NADH concentration was complex and it proved impossible to inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity completely without unacceptable modification of the other component enzymes. 3. The catalytic reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) by NADH in the presence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was demonstrated. A new mechanism for this reaction is proposed in which NADH causes reduction of the enzyme-bound lipoic acid by means of the associated lipoamide dehydrogenase component and the dihydrolipoamide is then oxidized back to the disulphide form by reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). 4. A maleimide with a relatively bulky N-substituent, N-(4-diemthylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl)maleimide, was an effective replacement for N-ethylmaleimide in these reactions with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. 5. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of E. coli behaved very similarly to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, in accord with the generally accepted mechanisms of the two enzymes. 6. The treatment of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with maleimides in the presence of the appropriate 2-oxo acid substrate provides a simple method for selectively inhibiting the transacylase components and for introducing reporter groups on to the lipoyl groups covalently bound to those components.
Diversity of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases Involved in the Biosynthesis of Lipopeptide Biosurfactants (2010)

Lipopeptide biosurfactants (LPBSs) consist of a hydrophobic fatty acid portion linked to a hydrophilic peptide chain in the molecule. With their complex and diverse structures, LPBSs exhibit various biological activities including surface activity as well as anti-cellular and anti-enzymatic activities. LPBSs are also involved in multi-cellular behaviors such as swarming motility and biofilm formation. Among the bacterial genera, Bacillus (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas (Gram-negative) have received the most attention because they produce a wide range of effective LPBSs that are potentially useful for agricultural, chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The biosynthetic mechanisms and gene regulation systems of LPBSs have been extensively analyzed over the last decade. LPBSs are generally synthesized in a ribosome-independent manner with megaenzymes called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Production of active-form NRPSs requires not only transcriptional induction and translation but also post-translational modification and assemblage. The accumulated knowledge reveals the versatility and evolutionary lineage of the NRPSs system. This review provides an overview of the structural and functional diversity of LPBSs and their different biosynthetic mechanisms in Bacillus and Pseudomonas, including both typical and unique systems. Finally, successful genetic engineering of NRPSs for creating novel lipopeptides is also discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Reversible Photoswitchable Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles via One-Step Miniemulsion Polymerization (2011)

In the present study, novel polymeric nanoparticles of ca. 55 nm in diameter with reversibly photoswitchable fluorescence properties were synthesized using a facile one-step miniemulsion polymerization, in which the donor of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), 4-methamino-9-allyl-1,8-naphthalimide (MANI), and the acceptor, spiropyran-linked methacrylate (SPMA), were covalently incorporated into a polymeric matrix during the polymerization process. The fluorescence emission of MANI dye in nanoparticles can be reversibly switched using the alternating irradiation of UV and visible light, which can induce the structural interconversion between the SP form and MC form of spiropyran moieties inside nanoparticles and thus reversibly switch on and switch off the FRET process. The prepared photoswitchable fluorescent polymer nanoparticles not only show a high load capacity of dyes, controllable amount and ratio of the two dyes, and tunable FRET efficiency but also exhibit higher spectral stability because of covalent linkage between dye molecules and the particle, relatively fast photoresponsibility, and better photoreversibility compared to some previously reported systems.
Detection, Confirmation, and Quantification of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Food Matrixes Using Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Although immunoassay-based methods are sensitive and widely used for measuring protein toxins in food matrixes, there is a need for methods that can directly confirm the molecular identity of the toxin in situations where immunoassay tests yield a positive result. A method has been developed that uses mass spectrometry to identify a protein toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), in a model food matrix, apple juice. The approach employs ultrafiltration to remove low molecular weight components from the sample, after which the remaining high molecular weight fraction, containing the protein, is digested with trypsin. The tryptic fragments are separated from residual biopolymers and analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. The background is still sufficiently complex that tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is used to confirm the identity of target peptides. Limits of detection are 80 ng of SEB for MS and 100 ng for full scan MS/MS, using a tryptic fragment as the analytical target. Lower detection limits can be obtained using selected ion monitoring and multiple reaction monitoring. The presence of SEB can be confirmed at concentrations as low as 5 parts-per-billion by increasing the size of the sample to 10 mL. The method is applicable to the detection of SEB in other water-soluble food matrixes.
Synthesis and Evaluation of anti‐HIV‐1 and anti‐HSV‐1 Activities of 4H‐[1,2,4]‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one Derivatives. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Inducing conformational preference of the membrane protein transporter EmrE through conservative mutations (2019)

Transporters from bacteria to humans contain inverted repeat domains thought to arise evolutionarily from the fusion of smaller membrane protein genes. Association between these domains forms the functional unit that enables transporters to adopt distinct conformations necessary for function. The small multidrug resistance (SMR) family provides an ideal system to explore the role of mutations in altering conformational preference since transporters from this family consist of antiparallel dimers that resemble the inverted repeats present in larger transporters. Here, we show using NMR spectroscopy how a single conservative mutation introduced into an SMR dimer is sufficient to change the resting conformation and function in bacteria. These results underscore the dynamic energy landscape for transporters and demonstrate how conservative mutations can influence structure and function.
Recent advances in the discovery of small-molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors: a patent review (2011)

The PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway is an exciting target for the development of pharmaceuticals to treat cancer and other diseases, due to the unique combination of a clinically and commercially validated pathway approach (i.e., rapalogs), combined with a biological rationale for further increased efficacy (i.e., ATP-competitive inhibitors). With the number of candidate drugs currently in development or at earlier stages of the drug discovery pipeline, we are bound to see small-molecule inhibitors reach pivotal trials, and hopefully the market, in the near future.
Conformal coating of yarns and wires with electrospun nanofibers (2012)

Abstract Metal wires and fibrous yarns are often coated with functional polymeric layers aimed at adding certain finishing properties such as abrasion resistance, electrical insulation, or enhanced lubrication. This manuscript demonstrates that by modifying some aspects of typical electrospinning setup, a novel method for nanocoating of textile yarns and copper wires with conformal layers of electrospun nanofibers can be devised. The benefits of the presented experimental setup were evaluated by twisting and wrapping of electrospun nylon nanofibers on the surface of conventionally spun nylon yarns as well as by coating polylactic acid nanofibers on the surface of copper wires. The coating density was found to be influenced by the applied voltage and the take up velocity of the yarn while the alignment of the nanofibers was found to be influenced only by the yarn take up velocity. The presented setup may open a new avenue to provide conformal finishing characteristics to yarns and fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mass-Spectrometric Study on Ion-Molecule Reactions of CH5+, C2H5+, and C3H5+ with C8–C18 1-Olefins in an Ion Trap (2001)

Abstract Chemical ionization of 1-olefins (CxH2x : x = 8–18) by the CH5+, C2H5+, and C3H5+ ions has been studied under a reactant-ion selective mode of an ion-trap type of GC/MS. In all the reactions, alkyl CyH2y+1+ (y = 3–x) and alkenyl CyH2y−1+ (y = 3–x) ions were observed. For long-chain reagents (x = 11–18), the CyH2y+1+ and CyH2y−1+ distributions peaked at C4 or C5 and C7, respectively, which were essentially independent of the reactant hydrocarbon ions. On the basis of observed distributions and calculated thermochemical data, it was concluded that the major reactions for the formation of CyH2y+1+ were proton transfer to a C=C bond and hydride-ion abstraction from the alkyl portion in the CH5+ reactions, proton transfer to a C=C bond in the C2H5+ reactions, and addition to a C=C bond in the C3H5+ reactions, while the major reactions for the formation of CyH2y−1+ were hydride-ion abstraction in the CH5+ reactions, alkanide-ion abstraction in the C2H5+ reactions, and addition to a C=C bond in the C3H5+ reactions.
The signal subspace approach for multiple wide-band emitter location (1983)

The rational vector space generalization of the signal subspace approach is presented and applied to the estimation of multiple wide-band emitter locations from the signals received at multiple sensors. The signal subspace and array manifold concepts first introduced by Schmidt are generalized to rational vector space. These concepts are used to develop the rational signal subspace theory and prove the signal subspace theorem, on which signal subspace algorithms are based. The theory is applied in discrete time to derive a class of rational signal subspace algorithms for source location and spectral estimation using unit circle eigendecomposition of multivariate rational models of sensor outputs. Simulation results are presented for an algorithm in this class, including sample statistics from Monte Carlo trials and comparisons with the Cramer-Rao bound.
Impact of dead zone size on the rate/distortion performance of wavelet-based perceptual image encoders (2016)

When using uniform quantization schemas with dead zone, the final R/D performance may be affected by two parameters, (a) the dead zone size, and (b) reconstruction point location inside each quantization step. In this work we analyze how the dead zone size affects the image quality for wavelet based encoders that have been perceptually enhanced by using the Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF). Since the application of CSF may change the distribution of wavelet coefficients in each quantization step, and particularly in the dead zone surroundings, choosing appropriate values for both quantization parameters, dead zone size and reconstruction point, may introduce benefits in terms of R/D performance. After a thorough study about the effects of both parameters, we observed that tuning a variable dead zone quantizer with optimum dead zone and reconstruction point values, rate savings up to 7.7% can be obtained when comparing with popular uniform or fixed dead zone quantizers.
Approximate frequency counts in sliding window over data stream (2006)

The sliding window model is useful for discounting stale data in data stream applications. In this model, data elements arrive continually and only the most recent N elements are used when answering queries. We consider the important problem in sliding window - computing frequency counts being not less than a user-specified threshold. We present a one-pass algorithm for dynamically computing frequency counts in sliding window over a data stream. Our algorithm employs exponential histograms to maintain the frequency of elements, and carries out compression process periodically to delete the needless elements. Once the synopsis over the most recent N elements has been constructed, our algorithm supports approximate frequency counts over the most recent M elements as long as M does not exceed N. The actual space bounds obtained on experimental data are significantly better than both the worst case guarantees of our algorithm and the observed space requirements of earlier algorithms. The analytical and experimental results show that our algorithm is accurate and effective in dynamically computing the frequency counts in sliding window.