gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards task-independent speech recognition (2002)

Despite the considerable progress made in the last decade, speech recognition is far from a solved problem. For instance, porting a recognition system to a new task (or language) still requires substantial investment of time and money, as well as expertise in speech recognition. The paper takes a first step at evaluating to what extent a generic state-of-the-art speech recognizer can reduce the manual effort required for system development. We demonstrate the genericity of wide domain models, such as broadcast news acoustic and language models, and techniques to achieve a higher degree of genericity, such as transparent methods to adapt such models to a specific task. This work targets three tasks using commonly available corpora: small vocabulary recognition (TI-digits), text dictation (WSJ), and goal-oriented spoken dialog (ATIS).
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Acetoin Catabolic Pathway (1999)

A recent study indicated that Bacillus subtilis catabolizes acetoin by enzymes encoded by the acu gene cluster (F. J. Grundy, D. A. Waters, T. Y. Takova, and T. M. Henkin, Mol. Microbiol. 10:259-271, 1993) that are completely different from those in the multicomponent acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system (AoDH ES) encoded by aco gene clusters found before in all other bacteria capable of utilizing acetoin as the sole carbon source for growth. By hybridization with a DNA probe covering acoA and acoB of the AoDH ES from Clostridium magnum, genomic fragments from B. subtilis harboring acoA, acoB, acoC, acoL, and acoR homologous genes were identified, and some of them were functionally expressed in E. coli. Furthermore, acoA was inactivated in B. subtilis by disruptive mutagenesis; these mutants were impaired to express PPi-dependent AoDH E1 activity to remove acetoin from the medium and to grow with acetoin as the carbon source. Therefore, acetoin is catabolized in B. subtilis by the same mechanism as all other bacteria investigated so far, leaving the function of the previously described acu genes obscure.
J2EE Connector Architecture and Enterprise Application Integration (2001)

The Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platform connector architecture is the key component in Java's support for enterprise application integration (EAI) and for linking enterprise information systems (EISs) with Web services. Because many services are now provided through the Web, it is essential that business enterprises have an efficient EAI solution. J2EE Connector Architecture and Enterprise Application Integration is the definitive guide to showing enterprise organizations how to incorporate existing enterprise infrastructure and applications, taking them into the Web-enabled economy of the future.
Higher-order inter-chromosomal hubs shape 3-dimensional genome organization in the nucleus (2017)

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into a 3-dimensional structure in the nucleus of each cell. There are currently two distinct views of genome organization that are derived from different technologies. The first view, derived from genome-wide proximity ligation methods (e.g. Hi-C), suggests that genome organization is largely organized around chromosomes. The second view, derived from in situ imaging, suggests a central role for nuclear bodies. Yet, because microscopy and proximity-ligation methods measure different aspects of genome organization, these two views remain poorly reconciled and our overall understanding of how genomic DNA is organized within the nucleus remains incomplete. Here, we develop Split-Pool Recognition of Interactions by Tag Extension (SPRITE), which moves away from proximity-ligation and enables genome-wide detection of higher-order DNA interactions within the nucleus. Using SPRITE, we recapitulate known genome structures identified by Hi-C and show that the contact frequencies measured by SPRITE strongly correlate with the 3-dimensional distances measured by microscopy. In addition to known structures, SPRITE identifies two major hubs of inter-chromosomal interactions that are spatially arranged around the nucleolus and nuclear speckles, respectively. We find that the majority of genomic regions exhibit preferential spatial association relative to one of these nuclear bodies, with regions that are highly transcribed by RNA Polymerase II organizing around nuclear speckles and transcriptionally inactive and centromere-proximal regions organizing around the nucleolus. Together, our results reconcile the two distinct pictures of nuclear structure and demonstrate that nuclear bodies act as inter-chromosomal hubs that shape the overall 3-dimensional packaging of genomic DNA in the nucleus.
Synthesis and Spectral Characteristics of 4<i>H</i>-1-Benzothiopyran-4-ones (1977)

Abstract The physical properties of 4H-1-benzothiopyran-4-ones (thiochromones) and related compounds were characterized by means of mass, NMR, and UV spectra in order to distinguish thiochromones from 2H-1-benzothiopyran-2-ones (thiocoumarins). In the mass spectra, the fragmentation due to the retro-Diels-Alder reaction directly from the molecular ion is the most useful for differentiation. In the NMR spectra, thiochromones show the characteristic deshielding effect of benzenoid proton in 5-position and in the UV spectra a very strong absorption band in the region 250–270 nm. It was found that in the reaction of S-phenyl 3-oxobutanethioates with PPA, most of these compounds afford thiochromones through rearrangement giving an intermediate (IVa). The effect of the substituent of the S-phenyl 3-oxobutanethioate on the formation of the thiocoumarin was also discussed.
Los diarios en la Biblioteca Pública de la Universidad Nacional De La Plata (2007)

Se analizan las actividades de la Biblioteca Pública de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata tendientes a constituir un fondo significativo de diarios de interés histórico, publicados en nuestro país y en otras naciones latinoamericanas. Se señala que ese interés se mantuvo en forma permanente, con la adquisición y la preservación de diarios de circulación nacional y local, y con programas de microfilmación de periódicos. Se incluye un listado de existencias de periódicos de interés histórico anteriores a 1861.
Discrete event simulation of object movement and interactions (1991)

A set of routines is described that assist a programmer in modeling object movement and interactions. Interactions occur when objects move in range or leave range of other objects. Interaction events are rescheduled automatically as objects change vectors. Routines are written in Pascal to take advantage of its dynamic memory allocation capability and minimize memory require ments. An airport simulation demonstrates use of the routines.
Wetland vegetation biomass estimation and mapping from Landsat ETM data: a case study of Poyang Lake (2002)

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. This paper conducted a digital and rapid investigation of the lake's wetland vegetation biomass using Landsat ETM data acquired on April 16, 2000. First, utilizing the false color composite derived from the ETM data as one of the main references, the authors designed a reasonable sampling route for field measurement of the biomass, and carried it out on April 18-28, 2000. Then after both the sampling data and the ETM data were geometrically corrected to an equal-area projection of Albers, linear relationships among the sampling data and some transformed data derived from the ETM data and the ETM 4 were calculated. The results show that the sampling data is best relative to the band 4 data with a high correlation coefficient of 0.86, followed by the DVI and NDVI data with 0.83 and 0.80 respectively. Therefore, a linear regression model, which was based on the field data and band 4 data, was used to estimate the total biomass of entire Poyang Lake, and then the map of the biomass distribution was compiled.
Virion Structure, Genome Organization, and Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)

Although the classification of viruses follows the traditional, albeit, restricted hierarchical system of orders, families, subfamilies, genera, and species, viruses do not neatly fit into the established biological classification used for cellular organisms. First of all, there is no universally common ancestor of viruses. That is, viruses are polyphyletic and, so far, it has not been possible to construct a tree of viruses or to include them in the tree of life. Yet we classify and study viruses in the realm of biological sciences for a number of reasons. Viruses have exploited the nucleic acid and sequence space to their limits; they have also managed to create strategies of encoding information and expressing it in a unique manner that is foreign to cellular organisms; they vary in shape and form, infect only one host or a myriad of hosts, and some insert themselves into the genome of their host, changing its real-time performance or even its evolutionary history, sometimes benefiting the host or causing its death. In this chapter we briefly review the diversity in virus structure, genome organization, and features of virus replication in cells or organisms they infect; essentially we examine the ways viruses have become conspicuously present in our lives and how we seek to organize and make sense of their diversity.
Aspergillosis following Cytomegalovirus disease in a kidney transplant patient (2003)

A 32-year-old end stage renal disease (ESRD) woman was scheduled for transplantation. Also, she has had fever of unknown origin (FUO), rise of ESR and PPD>22 mm. Therefore treatment with isoniazid and rifampin was started three months prior to transplantation. She developed allograft dysfunction on week after transplantation. She received a few course pulse therapy (methyl prednisolone), antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), hemodialysis and because of low blood level of cyclosporine, isoniazid and rifampin were stopped. She was seen because of unilateral decreased vision, fever, cough and in physical examination, chorioretinitis and bilateral infiltration in both lungs were seen three weeks later. Severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia was detected and she responded rapidly to gancyclovir. One month later, she complained of fever and productive cough again. In chest X-ray (CXR), cavitary lesions were shown and with transthoracic biopsy, invasive aspergillosis was detected. In spite of amphotericin B therapy, she developed CNs involvement. Unfortunately she expired six months post transplantation. This is an interesting case of aspergillosis following CMV infection most likely because of an excess of immunosuppression.
Thermal annealing of defects in InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with three-dimensional islands (2000)

A report is presented on the investigation of the influence of in situ annealing of the InGaAs layer in p-n InGaAs/GaAs structures grown by the metalloorganic chemical vapor deposition upon the formation of coherently strained three-dimensional islands. The structures were studied by the methods of capacitance-voltage measurements, deep-level transient spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence. It is established that three-dimensional islands with misfit dislocations are formed in the unannealed structure A, while quantum dots are formed in the annealed structure B. The deep-level defects were investigated. In structure A, defects of various types (EL2, EL3 (I3), I2, HL3, HS2, and H5) are present in the electron-accumulation layer. Concentrations of these traps are comparable to the shallow donor concentration, and the number of hole traps is higher than that of the electron traps. On the in situ annealing, the EL2 and EL3 defects, which are related to the formation of dislocations, disappear, and concentrations of the other defects decrease by an order of magnitude or more. For structure A, it is established that the population of the quantum states in the islands is controlled by the deep-level defects. In structure B, the effect of the Coulomb interaction of the charge carriers localized in the quantum dot with the ionized defects is observed.
Multilingual Speech Recognition with a Single End-to-End Model (2018)

Training a conventional automatic speech recognition (ASR) system to support multiple languages is challenging because the sub-word unit, lexicon and word inventories are typically language specific. In contrast, sequence-to-sequence models are well suited for multilingual ASR because they encapsulate an acoustic, pronunciation and language model jointly in a single network. In this work we present a single sequence-to-sequence ASR model trained on 9 different Indian languages, which have very little overlap in their scripts. Specifically, we take a union of language-specific grapheme sets and train a grapheme-based sequence-to-sequence model jointly on data from all languages. We find that this model, which is not explicitly given any information about language identity, improves recognition performance by 21% relative compared to analogous sequence-to-sequence models trained on each language individually. By modifying the model to accept a language identifier as an additional input feature, we further improve performance by an additional 7% relative and eliminate confusion between different languages.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Vending Machine Based on the Short Massage Payment (2010)

A design of vending machine based on the short massage payment with the main control module M68HC11 and GPRS module MC35 has been illustrated. This paper describes the working program of the system and especially the MDB bus and photoelectric conversing circuit and MC35 module are presented. A structure of vending machine is designed, the hardware ideas of bus conversion interface, the software protocol rules based on AT command and the way to use short message payment are given out.
The Internet for scientists and engineers (1995)

This book was written to guide the novice Internet user and to give both new and experienced users a comprehensive guide to net resources in science and technology, including: Aeronautics & Aerospace; Agriculture; Computer Science; Electrical Engineering; Electronics; Energy; Engineering; Imaging Technologies; Mathematics; Physics; Statistics; Virtual Reality; and more. This book will help the reader learn how to get online, and about the software and hardware requirements and essential tools needed; Learn the basics of e-mail, telnet, ftp, and the World Wide Web; Begin navigating the net and discovering the abundance of information and resources available to net users.
Adapting modules to an integrated programming environment (2003)

The design of modules in modular languages, and the model of software development activities portrayed by it, have been well received in batch environments. However, from their experience in the design of the MUPE-2 integrated programming environment, the authors hold the opinion that the model of software activities portrayed by modules in a batch environment is not entirely appropriate in an integrated programming environment. In adapting modules to the MUPE-2 environment, the authors have changed their design and implementation. In particular, they have added a module type, called the supermodule, that can encapsulate related modules, so that the architecture of a software system may be captured, and unified the separate definition and implementation parts of a module into a single module, called the DefImp module, so that some consistency problems due to textual separation can be avoided. They examine the role of modules in a batch environment and give a rationale for their design of modules for integrated environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Low-Temperature Annealing on the Coupling at Grain Boundaries in Sb-Doped (Bi, Pb)<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>y</sub> Superconductors (1989)

We examined the effect of further annealing at low temperatures in the range of 300°C to 700°C on the coupling at grain boundaries of the high- T c phases in superconducting Sb-doped (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y ceramics prepared by the melt-quenching method. It was found that the weak coupling at grain boundaries of the high- T c phases was remarkably improved by annealing at 500°C under the presence of oxygen. The improved coupling at grain boundaries was again weakened by annealing at 600°C or 700°C due to the occurrence of a new reaction.
Novel polyviologens: Photochromic redox polymers with film‐forming properties (1975)

Abstract Several novel polyamides containing the N , N ′‐dialkyl‐4,4′‐dipyridinium (“viologen”) system were made by interfacial condensation of N , N ′‐bis(aminoalkyl)‐4,4,‐dipyridinium salts with di‐, tri‐, or tetrafunctional acid chlorides. These materials are useful redox polymers which turn deeply colored when reduced chemically or electrically, or when exposed to light.
Protograph QC-LDPC and Rate-Adaptive Polar Codes Design for MLC NAND Flash Memories (2019)

A protograph-based quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code for multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memories is proposed in this paper. In this design approach, the quantized voltage signals are measured for soft decoding because the exact voltage values are unavailable. Flash memory channels are asymmetric, and therefore, not optimal for existing LDPC codes optimized for symmetric additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)-like channels. Mutual information (MI) between the input and output of flash memory is used to model the quantized log-likelihood ratio (LLR) messages. The base matrix of the method is constructed according to the degree sequences optimized by the modified extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart method for flash memories. The designed protograph-based codes have a low-complexity QC encoder structure with a readily parallelizable decoder structure. In addition, rate-adaptive polar code design based on Bhattacharyya parameters of the memory cell bits is proposed to further improve the storage efficiency of the MLC NAND flash memories. The code design takes advantage of the inherent characteristics of MLC flash memory channel to iteratively calculate the Bhattacharyya parameter of each memory cell bit, where the punctured positions are selected by choosing the bits with higher Bhattacharyya parameters to construct rate-adaptive polar codes. The simulation results confirm the benefits of the proposed coding schemes.
Selection of gas sensing materials using the Hard Soft Acid Base theory; application to Surface Acoustic Wave CO<inf>2</inf> detection (2010)

The Hard Soft Acid Base (HSAB) theory is introduced as a new tool to select or design sensitive materials for carbon dioxide detection with SAW-BAW (Surface Acoustic Waves - Bulk Acoustic Waves) devices. According to HSAB, CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is hard acid, thus small organic or inorganic molecules, or polymers which can act as hard bases could be suitable candidates as sensing layers for carbon dioxide detection. As a consequence of this theory, we propose the following polymers as potential candidates for CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> sensing: simple polyallylamine, N-substituted polyallylamine, polydiallylamine and polyvinylamine, and mixtures of these polymers. The SAW device coated with one of the selected polymers, polyallyamine, shows good sensitivity for CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> concentration (in the range 500–5000 ppm), long term stability and repeatability.
Synthesis of Sugar-Containing Amphiphiles for Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2000)

Liquid and/or supercritical carbon dioxide as a useful processing fluid is limited by its inability to solubilize highly polar compounds. This problem can be alleviated by the addition of CO2-philic amphiphiles. Our primary objective herein is to design and synthesize novel materials that have both strong polar moieties and highly CO2-philic segments. Sugar-containing hydrophobic/hydrophilic fluorinated copolymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization. The degree of solubility of the amphiphiles in CO2 was found to be heavily influenced by the amphiphilic structure, including the polarity of the sugar head (acetal protected and deprotected), and the fraction of CO2-philic groups. We also found that the presence of water in the CO2 phase could decrease the solubility of the hydrophilic copolymer. The dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in CO2 was tested by using the hydrophilic amphiphile as a stabilizer. Spherical particles in the submicron size range were obtained.
Untersuchung und Optimierung des Wälzschälverfahrens mit Hilfe von 3D-FEM-Simulation: 3D-FEM Kinematik- und Spanbildungssimulation (2013)

In this thesis, the skiving process is fundamentally analyzed using finite element methods regarding the kinematic conditions and the mechanisms of the formation of the process-specific multi-flank chips. For this purpose, 3D FEM simulation models of the kinematics and the chip formation with the software ABAQUS/Explicit were developed. Thereby detailed insights in the process were gained, which are not achievable or only under great efforts with conventional methods.
Seleno- <scp>l</scp> -Methionine Is the Predominant Organic Form of Selenium in <i>Cupriavidus metallidurans</i> CH34 Exposed to Selenite or Selenate (2006)

The accumulated organic form of selenium previously detected by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analyses in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 exposed to selenite or selenate was identified as seleno-l-methionine by coupling high-performance liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
A Phase 2 Study of Abiraterone Acetate in Japanese Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Who Had Received Docetaxel-based Chemotherapy (2014)

NCT01795703.
The Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft—Past, Present, and Future (2015)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with this trend predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Common disorders are associated with the stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels. The preferred treatment for the long-term revascularization of occluded vessels is surgery utilizing vascular grafts, such as coronary artery bypass grafting and peripheral artery bypass grafting. Currently, autologous vessels such as the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery represent the gold standard grafts for small-diameter vessels (<6 mm), outperforming synthetic alternatives. However, these vessels are of limited availability, require invasive harvest, and are often unsuitable for use. To address this, the development of a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) has been rigorously pursued. This article reviews the current state of the art of TEVGs. The various approaches being explored to generate TEVGs are described, including scaffold-based methods (using synthetic and natural polymers), the use of decellularized natural matrices, and tissue self-assembly processes, with the results of various in vivo studies, including clinical trials, highlighted. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, including graft cell source, mechanical properties, hemodynamics, integration, and assessment in animal models, is then presented.