gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gyroscope assisted scalable visual simultaneous localization and mapping (2014)

This paper describes the development and evaluation of an indoor localization algorithm using Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) aided by gyroscope sensor information. Indoor environments pose several challenges which could cause a vision only system to fail due to tracking errors. Investigation revealed significant feature loss in a vision only system when traversing plain walls, windows and staircases. However, the addition of a gyroscope helps in handling such difficult conditions by providing additional rotational information. A portable system consisting of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a stereo camera has been developed for indoor mapping. The images and gyroscope rates acquired by the system are stored and post-processed using a new Gyroscope Assisted Scalable Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Algorithm (GA-ScaViSLAM). The algorithm has been evaluated for data-sets collected in the Atwater Kent building, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This algorithm was found to be more robust in comparison to the vision only system. The Ga-ScaViSLAM was found to have an error (rms) of 0.6 m in the indoor environment over a total path length of 77m.
Photothermally Active Reduced Graphene Oxide/Bacterial Nanocellulose Composites as Biofouling-Resistant Ultrafiltration Membranes (2018)

Biofouling poses one of the most serious challenges to membrane technologies by severely decreasing water flux and driving up operational costs. Here, we introduce a novel anti-biofouling ultrafiltration membrane based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), which incoporates GO flakes into BNC in situ during its growth. In contrast to previously reported GO-based membranes for water treatment, the RGO/BNC membrane exhibited excellent aqueous stability under environmentally relevant pH conditions, vigorous mechanical agitation/sonication, and even high pressure. Importantly, due to its excellent photothermal property, under light illumination, the membrane exhibited effective bactericidal activity, obviating the need for any treatment of the feedwater or external energy. The novel design and in situ incorporation of the membranes developed in this study present a proof-of-concept for realizing new, highly efficient, and environmental-friendly anti-biofouling membranes for water purification.
Effects of physical properties of components on reactive nanolayer joining (2005)

We studied the effects of the physical properties of components on a reactive joining process that uses freestanding nanostructured Al∕Ni multilayer foils as local heat sources to melt AuSn solder layers and thereby bond the components. Stainless-steel reactive joints were compared with Al reactive joints. The strengths of both the stainless-steel and the Al joints increase as the foil thickness and thus the total heat of reaction increases until the foil thickness reaches a critical value. For foils thicker than the critical value, the shear strengths are constant at approximately 48 and 32MPa for the stainless-steel joints and Al joints, respectively. The critical foil thickness for stainless-steel joining is 40μm, compared with 80μm for the joining of Al. Numerical studies of heat transfer during reactive joining and the experimental results suggest that the duration of melting of the AuSn solder is shorter when Al specimens are joined. Thus, a thicker foil is required to enable a sufficient duration (0.5ms) of melting of the AuSn solder and full wetting of the metallic samples in order to form a strong joint. In general, when components with higher thermal conductivity, higher heat capacity, and higher density are joined, the duration of melting of the solder or braze layer is shorter and therefore a thicker foil is required to ensure the formation of a strong joint.
Computing the digest of an RDF graph (2004)

RDF(Resource Description Framework), graph, digest, signature, cryptography, security Efficient algorithms are needed for computing the digest of a Resource Description Framework (RDF) graph. These may be used to assign unique content-dependent identifiers and for use in digital signatures, allowing a recipient to verify that RDF was generated by a particular individual and/or has not been altered in transit. Ideally the digest algorithms should still permit verification of the RDF graph even when it has been transported via intermediaries who may serialize in different formats and alter the blank node identifiers.
Pharmacokinetics and biochemical efficacy after single and multiple oral administration of losartan, an orally active nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, in humans. (1993)

1. The pharmacokinetics and biochemical efficacy of losartan, an orally active nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist, were evaluated in healthy male volunteers after single and multiple oral administration. 2. Plasma and urinary concentrations of losartan and its active metabolite, E‐3174, were determined by a specific high performance liquid chromatographic (h.p.l.c.) method. 3. Plasma concentrations of losartan were proportional to dose over the range of 25 to 200 mg and the terminal half‐lives (t1/2,z) ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 h. The mean values of Cmax and AUC0‐infinity increased in a dose‐ dependent manner. 4. Plasma concentrations of E‐3174 were higher than those of losartan at all dose levels. The values of Cmax and AUC0‐ infinity for E‐3174 were approximately 2 and 5‐8 times higher than those for losartan, respectively. Also the value of t1/2,z was 2 times longer than that of losartan. 5. After multiple dosing for 7 days, the pharmacokinetics of losartan and E‐3174 each did not change significantly between day 1 and day 7. 6. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma concentrations of AII increased markedly at all dose levels. Plasma aldosterone levels were slightly reduced, but a similar decrease was also observed with placebo. 7. No clinically significant adverse reaction was observed in any of the volunteers during either study. Blood counts, routine laboratory tests, urine analyses, and electrocardiograms were also not modified by losartan. 8. Losartan appears to be a potent orally active angiotensin II antagonist with a relatively long duration of action.
Magnetic properties of grain oriented electrical steel in model transformer under direct current-biased magnetization (2014)

Iron losses and acoustic noises of the model transformer under DC-biased magnetization were empirically investigated. To clarify the influence of magnetic properties of transformer core materials, two types of grain oriented electrical steels—high permeability grade (HGO) and conventional grade (CGO)—were used as core materials. Iron losses increased with superimposing DC-bias magnetic field (HDC) in both materials, and the iron loss increment in HGO was larger than that in CGO. Acoustic noises increased with increasing HDC in both materials; however, noises emitted from the core of HGO were smaller than those of CGO.
Photovoltaic Performance of Porphyrin‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells with Binary Ionic Liquid Electrolytes (2020)

Herein, green porphyrin sensitizer Y350‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with binary ionic liquid–based electrolytes are studied, which are a mixture of 1‐methyl‐3‐propyl‐imidazolium iodide and 1‐methyl‐1‐butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl) ‐imide, 1‐butylpyridinium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide, or 1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium tetracyanoborate. The best semitransparent green DSC device exhibits a short‐circuit photocurrent density of 9.1 mA cm −2 , an open‐circuit photovoltage of 727 mV, and a fill factor of 70%, corresponding to an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.9% under standard AM 1.5G illuminations at 100 mW cm −2 . The PCE increases to 6.1% with opaque films containing larger light‐scattering TiO 2 particles.
Behavioral dynamics on the web (2013)

The queries people issue to a search engine and the results clicked following a query change over time. For example, after the earthquake in Japan in March 2011, the query japan spiked in popularity and people issuing the query were more likely to click government-related results than they would prior to the earthquake. We explore the modeling and prediction of such temporal patterns in Web search behavior. We develop a temporal modeling framework adapted from physics and signal processing and harness it to predict temporal patterns in search behavior using smoothing, trends, periodicities, and surprises. Using current and past behavioral data, we develop a learning procedure that can be used to construct models of users' Web search activities. We also develop a novel methodology that learns to select the best prediction model from a family of predictive models for a given query or a class of queries. Experimental results indicate that the predictive models significantly outperform baseline models that weight historical evidence the same for all queries. We present two applications where new methods introduced for the temporal modeling of user behavior significantly improve upon the state of the art. Finally, we discuss opportunities for using models of temporal dynamics to enhance other areas of Web search and information retrieval.
Characterization of an extracellular lignin peroxidase of the lignocellulolytic actinomycete Streptomyces viridosporus (1988)

Previously we reported production of an extracellular lignin-inducible peroxidase by Streptomyces viridosporus (M. Ramachandra, D.L. Crawford, and A.L. Pometto III, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:2754-2760, 1987). This peroxidase was shown to oxidize 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 2,4-dichlorophenol, homoprotocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphenylenediamine and was found in higher than normal levels in strains enhanced for lignocellulose degradation. In the present study, we used a pure extracellular enzyme preparation with high peroxidase isoform P3 activity to oxidize lignin substructure model compounds of both the 1,2-diaryl propane and arylglycerol-beta-aryl ether types and containing C alpha-carbonyl and C alpha-hydroxyl groups. The reactions were monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography techniques. In the presence, but not the absence, of hydrogen peroxide, the enzyme preparation catalyzed C alpha-C beta bond cleavage in the side chains of the diaryl ethers 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol (I) and 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propan-1-one (II) and the diaryl ethane 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(phenyl)ethan-1-one (III). Rapid hydrogen peroxide consumption was observed when the enzyme preparation was added to either milled corn lignin or lignocellulose. Additional characterizations showed that this enzyme is a heme protein (Soret band, 408 nm) and a major component of the ligninolytic system of S. viridosporus T7A. This is the first report of a lignin peroxidase in a bacterium. We have designated this new lignin peroxidase as ALiP-P3.
Evaluation of low‐quality images and imaging enhancement methods for fingerprint verification (2007)

Abstract A serious problem of fingerprint verification devices which are easily available on the market is how to handle ‘‘dry fingers,’’ which make the reading of fingerprints difficult and often result in incorrect verification. Dry fingers are frequently observed in the elderly and in housewives who are frequently engaged in wet work. In these cases, the observed fingerprint tends to become an eroded fingerprint image, with disconnected ridges. This paper proposes a method of handling eroded fingerprint images in which such images that will result in incorrect verification are automatically identified and the ridges are recovered rapidly. First, a method for image quality evaluation that consists of evaluating the noise in the fingerprint image is discussed and the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated. Then, simple ridge recovery is performed by using edge emphasis for images which are automatically judged to be eroded fingerprints. In the experiment, a fingerprint database was acquired in winter, when dry fingers are common. The acceptance rate for the right person (recognition rate) is found to be 94.8% when the rejection rate for other persons is set as 99.99%. When the ridges are recovered in fingerprint images whose quality is judged to be low by the image evaluation measure proposed in this paper, the recognition rate is improved to 96.2%. Furthermore, when tolerance to dry fingers is considered and verification is not performed for low‐quality image judged to be difficult to recover, the recognition rate is improved to 97.2%. In environments in which few users have dry fingers, the recognition rate will be improved to 98.8% when the rejection rate for other persons is set as 99.99%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(10): 40– 53, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20345
Combining Fullerenes and Zwitterions in Non‐Conjugated Polymer Interlayers to Raise Solar Cell Efficiency (2018)

Polymer zwitterions were synthesized by nucleophilic ring-opening of 3,3'-(but-2-ene-1,4-diyl)bis(1,2-oxathiolane 2,2-dioxide) (a bis-sultone) with functional perylene diimide (PDI) or fullerene monomers. Integration of these polymers into solar cell devices as cathode interlayers boosted efficiencies of fullerene-based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from 2.75 % to 10.74 %, and of non-fullerene-based OPVs from 4.25 % to 10.10 %, demonstrating the versatility of these interlayer materials in OPVs. The fullerene-containing polymer zwitterion (C<sub>60</sub> -PZ) showed a higher interfacial dipole (Δ) value and electron mobility than its PDI counterpart (PDI-PZ), affording solar cells with high efficiency. The power of PDI-PZ and C<sub>60</sub> -PZ to improve electron injection and extraction processes when positioned between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors highlights their promise to overcome energy barriers at the hard-soft materials interface of organic electronics.
Exosome-Based Detection of <i>EGFR</i> T790M in Plasma from Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> About 60% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients develop resistance to targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy through the <i>EGFR</i> T790M mutation. Patients with this mutation respond well to third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but obtaining a tissue biopsy to confirm the mutation poses risks and is often not feasible. Liquid biopsies using circulating free tumor DNA (cfDNA) have emerged as a noninvasive option to detect the mutation; however, sensitivity is low as many patients have too few detectable copies in circulation. Here, we have developed and validated a novel test that overcomes the limited abundance of the mutation by simultaneously capturing and interrogating exosomal RNA/DNA and cfDNA (exoNA) in a single step followed by a sensitive allele-specific qPCR.<b>Experimental Design:</b> ExoNA was extracted from the plasma of NSCLC patients with biopsy-confirmed T790M-positive (<i>N</i> = 102) and T790M-negative (<i>N</i> = 108) samples. The T790M mutation status was determined using an analytically validated allele-specific qPCR assay in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment laboratory.<b>Results:</b> Detection of the T790M mutation on exoNA achieved 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity using tumor biopsy results as gold standard. We also obtained high sensitivity (88%) in patients with intrathoracic disease (M0/M1a), for whom detection by liquid biopsy has been particularly challenging.<b>Conclusions:</b> The combination of exoRNA/DNA and cfDNA for T790M detection has higher sensitivity and specificity compared with historical cohorts using cfDNA alone. This could further help avoid unnecessary tumor biopsies for T790M mutation testing. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2944-50. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Selective Down-regulation of the Insulin Receptor Signal by Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases α and ∊ (1995)

Binding of insulin to its receptor (IR) causes rapid autophosphorylation with concomitant activation of its tyrosine kinase which transmits the signal by phosphorylating cellular substrates. The IR activity is controlled by protein-tyrosine phosphatases, but those directly involved in regulating the insulin receptor and its signaling pathways have not yet been identified. Using baby hamster kidney cells overexpressing the IR and a novel insulin-based selection principle, we established stable cell lines with functionally coupled expression of the IR and protein-tyrosine phosphatases. The two closely related protein-tyrosine phosphatases alpha and epsilon were identified as negative regulators of IR tyrosine kinase.
Reflective Long Period Grating Based Refractive Index Sensor (2021)

A reflective long period grating (LPG) realized by a simple brush coating method is presented. We measure the refractive index of a solution both in transmission and reflection mode operation and compare their sensitivity coefficients.
Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (2023)

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is an approach to quantitative magnetic resonance imaging that allows for efficient simultaneous measurements of multiple tissue properties, which are then used to create accurate and reproducible quantitative maps of these properties. As the technique has gained popularity, the extent of preclinical and clinical applications has vastly increased. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of currently investigated preclinical and clinical applications of MRF, as well as future directions. Topics covered include MRF in neuroimaging, neurovascular, prostate, liver, kidney, breast, abdominal quantitative imaging, cardiac, and musculoskeletal applications.
Modular Decomposition of Fingerprint Time Series Captures for the Liveness Check (2010)

This work demonstrates a faster approach for liveness detection in fingerprint devices. The physiological phenomenon of perspiration, observed in time-series fingerprint images of live people, is used as a measure to classify `live' fingers fromnot live' fingers. Pre-processing involves finding the singularity points using wavelets in the fingerprint images and transforming the information back in the spatial domain to form a spatial domain signal. Wavelet packet sieving is used to tune the modes so as to gain physical significance with reference to the evolving perspiration pattern inlive' fingers. The percentage of energy contribution in the difference modes is used as a measure to differentiate live fingers from others. The proposed algorithm was applied to a data set of approximately 58 live, 50 spoof and 28 cadaver fingerprint images captured at 0 and after 2 sec, from three different types of scanners. An overall classification rate of $93.7 \%$ was achieved across all the three scanners. sufficient number of singularity points is obtained, only then, the obtained signal is subjected to Hilbert Huang Technique. Wavelet packet sieving is used to tune the modes so as to gain physical significance with reference to the evolving perspiration pattern inlive' fingers. The percentage of the energy contribution in the difference modes is used as a quantified measure to differentiate live fingers from others. It was observed that the singularity points act asquality check' points and hence bad quality cadaver images and partial spoof images were rejected due to number of singularity points below the selected threshold, before further processing. In this paper, section 2 presents data management. Section 3 describes the singularity point detection part of the algorithm. Section 4 gives the background for empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and wavelet packet transform (WPT). Section 5 presents the overall algorithm and sections 6 and 7 present results and conclusion.
Correlation techniques for estimation of amplifier nonlinearity (2005)

Nonlinearity characterization is critical to amplifier linearization. It is shown that correlation techniques can be used to provide an estimate of amplifier nonlinearity. The output envelope is cross-correlated with a test sequence generated by forming the product of multiple uncorrelated input sequences, to yield estimates of the low order nonlinearity coefficients. The proposed method can be employed in the background during amplifier operation to estimate amplifier nonlinearity with IS-95 forward-link CDMA signals.
Novel Spectropolarimeter Employing Fixed Polarizers for the Determination of Optically Active Samples (2008)

A novel spectropolarimeter, based on modification of an ordinary, inexpensive, multiwavelength ultraviolet (UV)-visible-near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer, is described and applied to the determination of sucrose, sucrose inversion, and enantiomeric composition of solutions of (R)-(+)-limonene and (S)-(-)-limonene. The instrument has no moving parts, and optical rotation measurements are encoded as an apparent absorbance. Apparent absorbance measurements can be combined with multivariate statistical analysis over a wide spectral range, and a background correction technique that employs the sample as its own blank provides an effective means of correcting for the presence of chromophores that also absorb over the wavelengths of interest. The instrument was tested against an ordinary polarimeter and showed good performance with both colorless and colored samples.
Isolation of potent neutralizing antibodies from a survivor of the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak (2016)

Antibodies targeting the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein (EBOV GP) are implicated in protection against lethal disease, but the characteristics of the human antibody response to EBOV GP remain poorly understood. We isolated and characterized 349 GP-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the peripheral B cells of a convalescent donor who survived the 2014 EBOV Zaire outbreak. Remarkably, 77% of the mAbs neutralize live EBOV, and several mAbs exhibit unprecedented potency. Structures of selected mAbs in complex with GP reveal a site of vulnerability located in the GP stalk region proximal to the viral membrane. Neutralizing antibodies targeting this site show potent therapeutic efficacy against lethal EBOV challenge in mice. The results provide a framework for the design of new EBOV vaccine candidates and immunotherapies.
Methods for conditioning electron beams in free-electron lasers (1993)

The operation of free-electron lasers can be severely limited by the axial velocity spread of the beam electrons. In this Letter we propose methods for reducing the axial velocity spread in electron beams by redistributing the electron energy via interaction with an axially symmetric, slow, TM waveguide mode. In the first method, the energy redistribution is correlated with the electrons' betatron amplitude, while in the second method it is correlated with the electrons' synchrotron amplitude. Reductions by more than a factor of 40 in the rms axial velocity spread have been obtained in simulations.