gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Orotomide Olorofim Is Efficacious in an Experimental Model of Central Nervous System Coccidioidomycosis (2018)

Olorofim (formerly F901318) is an advanced analog of the orotomide class that inhibits fungal pyrimidine biosynthesis. We evaluated the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> activities of olorofim against <i>Coccidioides</i> species. <i>In vitro</i> activity was assessed against 59 clinical <i>Coccidioides</i> isolates. Central nervous system infections were established in mice via intracranial inoculation with <i>Coccidioides immitis</i> arthroconidia. Oral therapy began 48 h postinoculation and consisted of vehicle control, olorofim daily doses of 20 mg/kg (6.67 mg/kg three times daily or 10 mg/kg twice daily) or 40 mg/kg (13.3 mg/kg three times daily or 20 mg/kg twice daily), or fluconazole (25 mg/kg twice daily). Treatment continued for 7 and 14 days in the fungal burden and survival arms, respectively. Fungal burdens were assessed by CFU counts in brains. Olorofim demonstrated potent <i>in vitro</i> activity (MIC range, ≤0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml). Survival was significantly enhanced in mice treated with olorofim. Reductions in brain tissue fungal burdens were also observed on day 9 in the olorofim-treated groups. Improvements in survival and reductions in fungal burdens also occurred with fluconazole. More frequent dosing of olorofim was associated with enhanced survival and greater reductions in fungal burdens. In the group treated with 13.3 mg/kg olorofim three times daily, fungal burdens remained low on day 30 (15 days after treatment was stopped), with undetectable levels in 7 of 10 mice. In contrast, fungal burdens rebounded in all other groups after therapy stopped. Olorofim was highly active <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> against <i>Coccidioides</i> These results demonstrate that olorofim may have a role in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis.
Incidence of New Primary Cancers After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy and Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer (1991)

The incidence of new primary cancers was evaluated in 3538 postmenopausal patients who had received surgical treatment for primary breast cancer. Of these patients, 1828 with a low risk of recurrence received no further treatment. High-risk patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group (n = 846) received postoperative radiotherapy, while the second group (n = 864) received radiotherapy plus tamoxifen at a dose of 30 mg given daily for 48 weeks. The median observation time was 7.9 years. In comparison with the number of new cancers in the general population, the number of new cancers in the three groups was elevated mostly due to a high number of cancers of the contralateral breast and of colorectal cancers in the high-risk groups. The cumulative risk of nonlymphatic leukemia was increased among patients who received postoperative radiotherapy (P = .04). Cancer incidence in the high-risk tamoxifen-treated group relative to that in the high-risk group not treated with tamoxifen was not significant (1.3). No protective effect of tamoxifen on the opposite breast was seen (rate ratio for breast cancer = 1.1), but a tendency to an elevated risk of endometrial cancer was observed (rate ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.6-32.4). Continued and careful follow-up of women treated with tamoxifen is necessary to clarify the potential cancer-suppressive or cancer-promoting effects of this drug.
Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants (2009)

There is no clear evidence that elective HFOV offers important advantages over CV when used as the initial ventilation strategy to treat preterm infants with acute pulmonary dysfunction. There may be a small reduction in the rate of CLD with HFOV use, but the evidence is weakened by the inconsistency of this effect across trials and the overall borderline significance. Future trials on elective HFOV should target those infants who are at most risk of CLD (extremely preterm infants), compare different strategies for generating HFOV and CV, and report important long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Power System Stabilizer Design Based a PSO Multiobjective Function Implemented Under Graphical Interface (2016)

Power system stability considered a necessary condition for normal functioning of an electrical network. The role of regulation and control systems is to ensure that stability by determining the essential elements that influence it. This paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based multiobjective function to tuning optimal parameters of Power System Stabilizer (PSS); this later is used as auxiliary to generator excitation system in order to damp electro mechanicals oscillations of the rotor and consequently improve Power system stability. The computer simulation results obtained by developed graphical user interface (GUI) have proved the efficiency of PSS optimized by a Particle Swarm Optimization, in comparison with a conventional PSS, showing stable system responses almost insensitive to large parameter variations.Our present study was performed using a GUI realized under MATLAB in our work.
Saturated and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons from paperboard food packaging: estimation of long-term migration from contents in the paperboard and data on boxes from the market (2010)

In the absence of a functional barrier, mineral oil hydrocarbons from printing inks and recycled fibres tend to migrate from paper-based food-packaging materials through the gas phase into dry food. Concentrations easily far exceed the limit derived from the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Since the estimation of long-term migration into the food by testing at 40°C for 10 days is difficult, it seems preferable (and easier) to use the mineral oil content in the paperboard. Evaporation experiments showed that hydrocarbons eluted up to about n-C₂₄ are sufficiently volatile for relevant migration into dry food: in worst-case situations, about 80% migrate into the packed food. The extraction of the paperboard was optimised to give good recovery of the relevant hydrocarbons, but to discriminate against those of high molecular mass which tend to disturb gas chromatographic analysis in on-line coupled normal phase HPLC-GC-FID. Even though some of the relevant hydrocarbons had already evaporated, the average concentration of < C₂₄ mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in the paperboard boxes of 102 products from the Swiss and Italian market was 626 mg kg⁻¹. Nearly 15% of investigated boxes still contained more than 1000 mg kg⁻¹ < C₂₄ MOSH up to over 3000 mg kg⁻¹ (maximum = 3500 mg kg⁻¹). This amount of MOSH in the board have the potential of contaminating the packed food at a level exceeding the limit, derived from the JECFA ADI, hundreds of times.
Speech silicon AM: an FPGA-based acoustic modeling pipeline for hidden Markov model based speech recognition (2006)

This paper presents the design of a FPGA-based hardware co-processor, based on the SPHINX 3 speech recognition engine from CMU; capable of performing acoustic modeling (AM) for medium sized vocabularies in real-time. By creating an input-driven pipeline for performing the calculations, we were able to maximize the throughput of the system while simultaneously minimizing the number of pipeline stalls. Use advanced placement techniques enabled post place-and-route speeds even greater than those necessary for real-time operation while operating at maximum workload. Further, by using input control vectors all FSMs were removed from the design, greatly increasing the flexibility of the design. These results combined with the ability to reprogram the system for different recognition tasks serve to create a system capable of in a vast array of environments. Synthesis to both Xilinx Virtex 4 and Spartan 3 FPGAs helps to further characterize the flexibility of the architecture.
Contextual Reactive Pattern on Chatbot building Platforms (2020)

Building a chatbot with an iterative development process poses certain challenges for the chatbot developer. The developer is expected to produce a deployable version of the chatbot at the end of a short development cycle. Every iteration should incrementally increase the capability of the chatbot and implement a subset of overall user stories based upon a priority list, similar to any other project developed using iterative development. In this regard, commercial chatbot-building platforms offer multiple advantages to the chatbot developer, provided that the developer can map these user stories in a particular form. To do so, for every query the chatbot is expected to answer, the developer must evaluate the intention of the user. Based on the intention, the query must be processed differently, which may involve execution of some business logic. In addition, the processing of the query may require specific data items which the user must supply as part of the conversation with the chatbot. Thus, the chatbot is defined by supplying a "context" that it may encounter, and the "reaction" that must take place when the context is observed. In this work, we discuss the effects of using a platform to build a chatbot and discuss the Contextual Reactive pattern used for chatbot definition.
High Responsivity and Quantum Efficiency of Graphene/Silicon Photodiodes Achieved by Interdigitating Schottky and Gated Regions (2018)

Graphene/silicon (G/Si) heterostructures have been studied extensively in the past years for applications such as photodiodes, photodetectors, and solar cells, with a growing focus on efficiency and performance. Here, a specific contact pattern scheme with interdigitated Schottky and graphene/insulator/silicon (GIS) structures is explored to experimentally demonstrate highly sensitive G/Si photodiodes. With the proposed design, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >80% is achieved for wavelengths ranging from 380 to 930 nm. A maximum EQE of 98% is observed at 850 nm, where the responsivity peaks to 635 mA/W, surpassing that of conventional Si p-n photodiodes. This efficiency is attributed to the highly effective collection of charge carriers photogenerated in Si under the GIS parts of the diodes. The experimental data is supported by numerical simulations of the diodes. On the basis of these results, a definition for the “true” active area in G/Si photodiodes is proposed, which may serve toward standardization of G/Si-based optoelectronic devices.
Sulfate concentrations and transport in human bronchial epithelial cells (1993)

Inorganic sulfate concentrations in the cytoplasm of human bronchial epithelial cells exceeded levels in the bathing medium under all circumstances tested. Cell sulfate concentrations were directly related to medium sulfate concentrations and inversely related to medium chloride concentrations. In physiological media there was a sulfate compartment of approximately 0.3 mM that exchanged very slowly with extracellular sulfate. In media lacking chloride, sulfate was accumulated by the cells to a level as high as 2 mM. Sulfate uptake was markedly inhibited by external chloride and by stilbene sulfonic acid derivatives but was not affected by sodium in the medium. Efflux of 35SO4(2-) was stimulated by both chloride and sulfate in the bathing medium but inhibited by stilbenes. The following compounds had no effect on sulfate movements: phorbol esters, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate derivatives, and okadaic acid. Changes in medium tonicity were likewise without effect. Our results suggest that human bronchial epithelial cells maintain a steady-state disequilibrium for inorganic sulfate. Furthermore, sulfate appears to exist in at least two compartments in the cells: one that is slowly exchangeable with sulfate in the medium and another exchangeable compartment that is of negligible size in physiological media but that becomes very large in media lacking chloride. Sulfate is transported by an anion exchanger of broad specificity that is not influenced by substances known to modulate chloride channels.
How can mammalian Rab small GTPases be comprehensively analyzed?: Development of new tools to comprehensively analyze mammalian Rabs in membrane traffic (2010)

Small GTPase Rabs constitute the largest family of membrane trafficking proteins that are conserved in all eukaryotic cells. The number of different Rab isoforms in multicellular organisms is usually greater than that in unicellular organisms (e.g., approximately 60 different Rabs in each species of mammals investigated versus approximately 10 Rabs in yeasts). The expansion of Rab isoforms in mammals is often regarded as due to the acquisition of specialized membrane trafficking events in the specialized cell types of higher eukaryotes. However, because of their large numbers the precise function of most mammalian Rab isoforms is still unknown. The recent development of new tools for comprehensive analysis (e.g., Rab panels) has paved the way for systematic investigation of the involvement of mammalian Rab isoforms in specialized membrane trafficking events. The tools include collections of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged mouse and human Rabs, FLAG-tagged Rabs, glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged Rabs, Gal4-binding domain (GBD)-tagged Rabs, Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16 (TBC) domain-containing Rab-GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and small interfering RNAs. EGFP-Rabs are used to screen for Rabs that are localized on specific organelles and regulate their transport, and GST-Rabs and GBD-Rabs are used to screen for novel Rab effectors by GST pull-down assays and yeast two-hybrid assays, respectively. Combined use of these tools now makes it possible to efficiently determine the function of mammalian Rab isoforms in membrane traffic. This article reviews the development of new tools for systematic analysis of Rab proteins and their application to Rab-mediated membrane traffic.
Desigualdades educacionais no Ensino Médio Brasileiro (2017)

A expansão do acesso à educação básica no Brasil, nos diferentes níveis, nas últimas décadas, ainda que cercada de contradições, possibilitou às crianças e jovens no país maiores níveis de escolaridade. Entretanto, esta expansão não se traduziu na garantia da qualidade do ensino pelas instituições escolares. Um problema inerente no cenário atual está relacionado com a ausência de dados e referenciais nacionais sobre o novo público que se encontra nas escolas brasileiras, especialmente no nível do ensino médio. De encontro a isto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o fenómeno da progressividade no perfil socioeconômico de estudantes que realizaram o ENEM no Brasil, numa série histórica de 1998 a 2014. A pesquisa foi feita utilizando os dados disponibilizados pelo INEP acerca de um questionário aplicado a todos(as) os(as) estudantes que realizaram o ENEM neste período. Um dos grandes desafios colocados às políticas educacionais para o ensino médio no Brasil vai ao encontro de uma parte dos objetivos deste trabalho: a necessidade de se adequar as propostas educativas à realidade vivenciada por estudantes em seu contexto socioeconômico, cultural, escolar e de trabalho, nas diferentes regiões do Brasil. Artigo Completo
The isolation and characterization of a water extract of konjac flour gum (1993)

An aqueous extract from konjac flour was dried, milled and redispersed in water, prior to its characterization by viscometry and rheometry. The rate of change of relative viscosity with reciprocal absolute temperature was of a magnitude less than that of some other polar polysaccharides by a factor approximating 2. The volume-concentration relationship was non-linear in water, but linear in 0·04 m tartaric acid. The hydrophilicity of this extract in 0·04 m tartaric acid was only 0·68 g g−1 solute/100 g dispersion, much less than that of many of the commonly used polysaccharides. The intrinsic viscosity was 1320 ml g−1, among the highest of the polysaccharides. Considering the relatively low water affinity, the high viscosity of the konjac extract was attributed mostly to solute-solute interaction, rather than to hydration, at functional use-levels. The dried, redispersed extract was characterized in both steady and dynamic shear by the Carreau and Cross equations, and by the Cox-Merz rule. Deviation from the Cox-Merz rule was attributed to molecular associations of time scales longer than non-specific physical entanglements.
A framework for interactive web-based visualization (2006)

As the power of end user web browsers increases, the delivery of sophisticated visualizations of information via the web becomes possible. However no technology exists that offers the kind of interactions that a stand-alone application can deliver. Technologies such as Java3D, VRML, X3D and SVG incorporate powerful rendering capabilities but make it difficult to interact with the underlying source data. Other technologies such as SMIL can also offer synchronization but then lack this rendering context. We present a framework within which these technologies can be evaluated.We also address the question of how to integrate these technologies with existing and well-understood web technologies such as Javascript, CSS, Web Services, and PHP, to provide interactive web-based visualization applications. We then describe a generalized framework for determining how to choose the right set of technologies for a web-based visualization application.
Some influences on abilities (1999)

High abilities are, to say the least, extremely valuable. They are valuable to the individual who gains them, because they magnify any person's chances of enjoying an adulthood that is fruitful, constructive, and successful. The individual who acquires special expertise may or may not become capable of the highest creative accomplishments, but many kinds of high abilities extend their possessors' capacities to enjoy life and experience the sense of fulfilment that productive efforts can help to bring about.
A Bifurcating Pathway Directs Abscisic Acid Effects on Stomatal Closure and Opening in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2006)

Terrestrial plants lose water primarily through stomata, pores on the leaves. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) decreases water loss by regulating opening and closing of stomata. Here, we show that phospholipase Dalpha1 (PLDalpha1) mediates the ABA effects on stomata through interaction with a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) and a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein) in Arabidopsis. PLDalpha1-produced phosphatidic acid (PA) binds to the ABI1 PP2C to signal ABA-promoted stomatal closure, whereas PLDalpha1 and PA interact with the Galpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to mediate ABA inhibition of stomatal opening. The results reveal a bifurcating signaling pathway that regulates plant water loss.
Disseminating natural language processed clinical narratives. (2006)

Through Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, information can be extracted from clinical narratives for a variety of applications (e.g., patient management). While the complex and nested output of NLP systems can be expressed in standard formats, such as the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), these representations may not be directly suitable for certain end-users or applications. The availability of a âeuro tabular' format that simplifies the content and structure of NLP output may facilitate the dissemination and use by users who are more familiar with common spreadsheet, database, or statistical tools. In this paper, we describe the knowledge-based design of a tabular representation for NLP output and development of a transformation program for the structured output of MedLEE, an NLP system at our institution. Through an evaluation, we found that the simplified tabular format is comparable to existing more complex NLP formats in effectiveness for identifying clinical conditions in narrative reports.
Synthesis of η2-cyclooctene iridium and rhodium complexes supported by a novel P,N-chelate ligand and their reactivity toward hydrosilanes: facile Cl migration from metal to silicon via silylene complex intermediates and formation of a base-stabilised silylene complex (2010)

η2-Cyclooctene iridium and rhodium complexes bearing a P,N-chelate ligand C6H3Me-3-PCy2-4-NMe2 (abbreviated as PcyN), (PcyN-P,N)MCl(η2-coe) (1: M = Ir, 2: M = Rh), were synthesised and reactions toward several sterically hindered hydrosilanes were investigated to clarify their reactivity. The reaction of 1 with H2SiMes2 (Mes = mesityl = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) proceeded at 40 °C to give a di-iridium complex bridged by a chlorosilylene ligand (PcyN-P,N)2Ir2H2(μ-Cl)(μ-H)(μ-SiClMes) (5). The reaction of 1 with HSiMe2SiMes2Me occurred at room temperature to afford HSiMesMe2 and a silyl complex 6 formed by metallation of an ortho-methyl group of Mes, which slowly dimerised to give a dinuclear complex containing a chlorosilyl ligand (PcyN-P,N)2Ir2H(μ-Cl)(μ-H)[μ-SiMeCl(C6H3-2,4-Me2-6-CH)-Si,C,C] (7). The formation of complexes 5, 6 and 7 suggests that facile migration of Cl from Ir to Si occurs probably via silylene iridium intermediates. Treatment of 1 with HSiMe2SiMe2OMe at room temperature yielded a methoxy-bridged bis(silylene) complex (PcyN-P,N)IrHCl[SiMe2··O(Me)··SiMe2-Si,Si] (8) quantitatively, whose X-ray crystal structure was determined as the first iridium complex of this type. The reactions of 1 and 2 with a bulky trihydrosilane H3SiC(SiMe3)3 underwent an intramolecular γ-Si–Me activation to afford (PcyN-P,N)MHn[SiMe2C(SiMe3)2SiClMe-Si,Si] (9: M = Ir, n = 3; 10: M = Rh, n = 1). Complex 1 even reacted with an extremely sterically hindered terphenylhydrosilane H3SiDmp (Dmp = 2,6-dimesitylphenyl) in the presence of PMe3 to give a chlorosilyl complex (PcyN-P,N)IrH2(PMe3)(SiHClDmp) (11) without intramolecular bond activation. Complex 1 also reacted with H3SiTrip (Trip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) in the presence of excess 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) at room temperature to give a chlorido(dihydrosilyl) complex (PcyN-P,N)IrHCl(DMAP)(SiH2Trip) (12) instantaneously. Treatment of complex 12 with LiB(C6F5)4·2.5Et2O provided a cationic DMAP-stabilised silylene complex [(PcyN-P,N))IrH2(DMAP)(SiHTrip ← DMAP)][B(C6F5)4] (13).
MicroRNA-122, a tumor suppressor microRNA that regulates intrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma # (2008)

Our study suggests that miR-122, a tumor suppressor microRNA affecting hepatocellular carcinoma intrahepatic metastasis by angiogenesis suppression, exerts some of its action via regulation of ADAM17. Restoration of miR-122 has a far-reaching effect on the cell. Using the concomitant down-regulation of its targets, including ADAM17, a rational therapeutic strategy based on miR-122 may prove to be beneficial for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Structural and optical properties of In(Ga)As∕GaAs quantum dots treated by partial capping and annealing (2006)

We tune the emission energy of self-assembled InAs∕GaAs(001) quantum dots (QDs) by partial GaAs capping and annealing. During the annealing step, the surface above the QDs flattens substantially. The existence of In-rich cores below the thin GaAs cap is directly probed by using in situ selective etching. The blueshift of the QD emission energy, resulting from the reduction of the QD height, is tuned by increasing the annealing time or by reducing the capping layer thickness. For long annealing times, the ensemble photoluminescence (PL) displays a multipeak behavior which is attributed to monolayer fluctuations of the QD height. Single-QD micro-PL shows that the quality of the QDs can be improved by desorbing the In accumulated around the QDs by performing the annealing at high substrate temperatures.