gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of heterogeneous spatial distribution of Arabidopsis leaf trichomes using micro X‐ray computed tomography (2008)

Quantitative morphological traits may be defined based on the 3D anatomy reconstructed from micro X-ray computed tomography (microCT) images. In this study, the heterogeneous spatial distribution of trichomes (hairs) on the adaxial leaf blade surface in Arabidopsis was evaluated in terms of 3D quantitative traits, including trichome number, average nearest-neighbour distance between trichomes, and proportion of large trichomes. The data reflect spatial heterogeneity in the radial direction, in that a greater number of trichomes were observed on the leaf blade margins relative to the non-margins, a distribution effect caused by the CAPRICE (CPC) and GLABRA3 (GL3) genes, which have previously been shown to affect trichome density. We further determined that the proportion of large trichomes on the blade mid-rib increases from the proximal end to the distal leaf tip in both wild-type plants and GL3 mutants. Our results indicate that the CPC [corrected] gene affects trichome distribution, rather than trichome growth, causing trichome initiation at the proximal base rather than the distal tip. On the other hand, CPC does affect trichome growth and developmental progression. Hence, quantitative phenotyping based on microCT enables precise phenotypic description for elucidation of gene control in morphological mutants.
Design and Implementation of a Graphics Display System Based on RTOS (2013)

With the development of the embedded application demand, embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) for its outstanding performance in real-time, stability, reliability, and are widely used in the field of high-tech, such as communications, military measurement and control, medical equipment, etc. At the same time, the requirements are also increasing in various fields for the graphical interface. For the above-mentioned reasons, in this paper, we design a graphics display system (RTGDS) based on RTOS according to the characteristics of embedded systems. Designed by methods of hierarchical, the whole system is portable and flexible. Moreover, the RTGDS has been in successful running on VxWorks and PowerPC, and through related testing, the experimental results show that the proposed strategy performs well.
Induction of the heat shock response reduces mortality rate and organ damage in a sepsis-induced acute lung injury model (1994)

These data suggest that thermal pretreatment, associated with the synthesis of heat shock proteins, reduces organ damage and enhances animal survival in experimental sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Although the mechanisms by which heat shock proteins exert a protective effect are not well understood, these data raise interesting questions regarding the importance of fever in the protection of the whole organism during bacterial infection.
Automated Composite Fabric Layup for Wind Turbine Blades (2016)

This work presents an automated fabric layup solution based on a new method to deform fiberglass fabric, referred to as shifting, for the layup of noncrimp fabric (NCF) plies. The shifting method is intended for fabric with tows only in 0 deg (warp) and 90 deg (weft) directions, where the fabric is sequentially constrained and then rotated through a deformation angle to approximate curvature. Shifting is conducted in a two-dimensional (2D) plane, making the process easy to control and automate, but can be applied for fabric placement in three-dimensional (3D) models, either directly or after a ply kitting process and then manually placed. Preliminary tests have been conducted to evaluate the physical plausibility of the shifting method. Layup tests show that shifting can deposit fabric accurately and repeatedly while avoiding out-of-plane deformation.
International Antitrust at the Crossroads: The End of Antitrust History or the Clash of Competition Policy Civlizations (2002)

This Review will suggest a theoretical explanation for the essentially pragmatic conclusion that the United States should continue to oppose negotiations at the WTO. This explanation has the virtue of drawing on the special quasi-constitutional role of antitrust policy in U.S. history, one that is in fact deeply connected to the political economy of U.S. federalism and which, therefore, leaves less room for U.S. acquiescence in the institutionalization of competition policy at the WTO than does even the pragmatic argument for continued U.S. opposition to multilateral and institutional approaches. This argument draws on the continuing centrality of federalism as a regulatory device for U.S. political economy, rather than on federalism's role in maintaining the selfgovernance prerogatives, including antitrust immunity," of the Ameri-can states. It is worth noting that a federal antitrust policy became central to U.S. political economy a hundred years ago as a perceived necessity to circumvent the apparent inability of the states, due to a narrow reading of state authority to regulate the national economy, to regulate private power at a national level. The so-called populist conception of U.S. antitrust law focuses on the preservation of a counterweight to the concentration of private political power flowing from the rise of the transcontinental corporation. This Review willargue that it is federalism's role in reinforcing the political accountability of national and state governments, and its correlative force in furthering individual citizen responsibility in both our federal and state political communities, that marries federalist political theory to the role of U.S. antitrust laws in reinforcing individual responsibility for economic liberty. Thus, together, U.S. federalism and U.S. competition law tap into a classical tradition of republican government, shaping our democracy and economy in mutually-reinforcing ways, so that the selfish and embittering aspects of extreme individualism are softened by the character-forming effects of participation in a competitive market economy and by democratic federalism's role in buttressing responsible individualism. It is thus the continuing relevance of federalism's structuring of U.S. political economy that shapes U.S. antitrust law and, accordingly, should limit U.S. participation in international antitrust lawmaking, for separating antitrust's political dimension from its substantive economic component in a WTO negotiation might then risk undermining this carefully-constructed and uniquely American contribution to global diversity.
Improved Ru/Si multilayer reflective coatings for advanced extreme-ultraviolet lithography photomasks (2016)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography with reflective photomasks continues to be a potential patterning technology for high volume manufacturing at the 7 nm technology node and beyond. EUV photomasks with alternative materials to the commonly used Mo/Si multilayer (ML) reflector and patterned Ta-based absorber (both of which are known to require shadow effect corrections and lead to large through-focus pattern placement errors) are being actively explored. Because the reflective bandwidth of a Ru/Si ML is significantly wider than the reflective bandwidth of a Mo/Si ML and the effective reflectance plane in Ru/Si is closer to the ML surface, Ru/Si ML coatings may be viable alternatives to the Mo/Si ML coatings that are commercially available today because they will lead to smaller mask 3D effects. In this paper, increases in the peak reflectivity and the reflective bandwidth of Ru/Si ML reflectors by using B4C interlayers to improve the Ru-Si interfaces are discussed. The conclusions of this paper are supported with the results of both experimental measurements and rigorous simulations.
The Development and Optimisation of a Low Cost Optical Chemical Sensing Platform (2010)

With recent improvements in wireless sensor network hardware it is logical there should be a concurrent push to develop the sensors that are compatible in terms of price and performance. Wireless sensor networks are made up of a multitude of low power sensing nodes and are typically deployed in a scatter web configuration. A key concept is that the nodes are so low cost and are spread so densely, that the failure of any one node will not be a cause for great concern. The sensed data collected from wireless sensing networks have advantages over other traditional sensing methods. For example, the accuracy of any one particular node is not critical to the system; however, there must be reproducibility in the data from one node relative to the next. Therefore, when data is compared from multiple nodes one can deduce if the signal is increasing or decreasing and, hence, develop a directional sense to the response. This is something that cannot be achieved using traditional single point grab sampling.\n\nThe chemical sensor optimised as part of this project is based on the use of two light emitting diodes (LEDs), as both the light source and photodetector. This light sensor, when coupled with a PET slide coated with a pH sensitive colorimetric dye realises a simple gas sensor. Such setups have been successfully used to detect both acetic acid and ammonia. To date the sensors are already low cost due to their operating principle being based on the use of off the shelf LEDs, but flaws include a lack of reproducibility in sensed data. This is partly due to a reliance on poor manufacturing methods. Such inaccuracies have led to the requirement of an expensive individual node by node calibration.\n\nThe goal of this work is to improve the system performance through redesign. This will be accomplished by integration of the device into a flowcell platform, and the automation of the sensor creation process. The redesign of the sensor will improve sensor performance and It is hoped that this will increase accuracy in collected data and also increase the reproducibility of the created sensors. This reproducibility increase will be achieved through this careful control of deposited film thickness, and through the utilization of the highly reproducible inkjet printing process. The enhanced reproducibility between sensors opens the potential of calibration free use.
A 9 bit, 1.12 ps Resolution 2.5 b/Stage Pipelined Time-to-Digital Converter in 65 nm CMOS Using Time-Register (2014)

In this paper, a 2.5 b/stage pipelined time-to-digital converter (TDC) is presented. For pipelined operation, a novel time-register is proposed which is capable of storing, adding and subtracting time information with a clock signal. Together with a pulse-train time-amplifier, a 9-bit synchronous pipelined TDC is implemented, which consists of three 2.5 b/stage TDCs and a 3 b delay-line TDC. A prototype chip fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process achieves 1.12 ps of time resolution at 250 MS/s while consuming 15.4 mW. Compared to other high-resolution state-of-the-art TDCs, the proposed pipelined TDC achieves the best figure-of-merit (FoM) without any calibration.
The Mutant KRAS Gene Up-regulates BCL-XL Protein via STAT3 to Confer Apoptosis Resistance That Is Reversed by BIM Protein Induction and BCL-XL Antagonism (2015)

In colorectal cancers with oncogenic GTPase Kras (KRAS) mutations, inhibition of downstream MEK/ERK signaling has shown limited efficacy, in part because of failure to induce a robust apoptotic response. We studied the mechanism of apoptosis resistance in mutant KRAS cells and sought to enhance the efficacy of a KRAS-specific MEK/ERK inhibitor, GDC-0623. GDC-0623 was shown to potently up-regulate BIM expression to a greater extent versus other MEK inhibitors in isogenic KRAS HCT116 and mutant KRAS SW620 colon cancer cells. ERK silencing enhanced BIM up-regulation by GDC-0623 that was due to its loss of phosphorylation at Ser(69), confirmed by a BIM-EL phosphorylation-defective mutant (S69G) that increased protein stability and blocked BIM induction. Despite BIM and BIK induction, the isogenic KRAS mutant versus wild-type cells remained resistant to GDC-0623-induced apoptosis, in part because of up-regulation of BCL-XL. KRAS knockdown by a doxycycline-inducible shRNA attenuated BCL-XL expression. BCL-XL knockdown sensitized KRAS mutant cells to GDC-0623-mediated apoptosis, as did the BH3 mimetic ABT-263. GDC-0623 plus ABT-263 induced a synergistic apoptosis by a mechanism that includes release of BIM from its sequestration by BCL-XL. Furthermore, mutant KRAS activated p-STAT3 (Tyr(705)) in the absence of IL-6 secretion, and STAT3 knockdown reduced BCL-XL mRNA and protein expression. These data suggest that BCL-XL up-regulation by STAT3 contributes to mutant KRAS-mediated apoptosis resistance. Such resistance can be overcome by potent BIM induction and concurrent BCL-XL antagonism to enable a synergistic apoptotic response.
Intrathecal administration of AAV/GALC vectors in 10–11‐day‐old twitcher mice improves survival and is enhanced by bone marrow transplant (2016)

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), or Krabbe disease, is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides modest benefit in presymptomatic patients but is well short of a cure. Gene transfer experiments using viral vectors have shown some success in extending the survival in the mouse model of GLD, twitcher mice. The present study compares three single-stranded (ss) AAV serotypes, two natural and one engineered (with oligodendrocyte tropism), and a self-complementary (sc) AAV vector, all packaged with a codon-optimized murine GALC gene. The vectors were delivered via a lumbar intrathecal route for global CNS distribution on PND10-11 at a dose of 2 × 10(11) vector genomes (vg) per mouse. The results showed a similar significant extension of life span of the twitcher mice for all three serotypes (AAV9, AAVrh10, and AAV-Olig001) as well as the scAAV9 vector, compared to control cohorts. The rAAV gene transfer facilitated GALC biodistribution and detectable enzymatic activity throughout the CNS as well as in sciatic nerve and liver. When combined with BMT from syngeneic wild-type mice, there was significant improvement in survival for ssAAV9. Histopathological analysis of brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve showed significant improvement in preservation of myelin, with ssAAV9 providing the greatest benefit. In summary, we demonstrate that lumbar intrathecal delivery of rAAV/mGALCopt can significantly enhance the life span of twitcher mice treated at PND10-11 and that BMT synergizes with this treatment to improve the survival further. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene expression profiling of normal and malignant CD34-derived megakaryocytic cells (2004)

Gene expression profiles of bone marrow (BM) CD34-derived megakaryocytic cells (MKs) were compared in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and healthy subjects using oligonucleotide microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and disease-specific transcripts. We found that proapoptotic genes such as BAX, BNIP3, and BNIP3L were down-regulated in ET MKs together with genes that are components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex, a system with a pivotal role in apoptosis. Conversely, antiapoptotic genes such as IGF1-R and CFLAR were up-regulated in the malignant cells, as was the SDF1 gene, which favors cell survival. On the basis of the array results, we characterized apoptosis of normal and ET MKs by time-course evaluation of annexin-V and sub-G1 peak DNA stainings of immature and mature MKs after culture in serum-free medium with an optimal thrombopoietin concentration, and annexin-V-positive MKs only, with decreasing thrombopoietin concentrations. ET MKs were more resistant to apoptosis than their normal counterparts. We conclude that imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis seems to be an important step in malignant ET megakaryocytopoiesis.
Progress in the development of a multifunctional hand prosthesis (2005)

A new experimental hand prosthesis design is presented that differs from that of conventional prostheses. With the objective of addressing consumers' requirements, functionality was increased and cosmetic appearance became more natural. By integrating a hydraulic system with 8 small fluidic actuators at the digit joints, different important grasping patterns of everyday life can be performed. These are: power grasp, hook grasp, precision grasp, lateral pinch, and a posture to operate a keyboard with the extended index. As a result of multi-articulation and the inherent compliancy of the actuators, objects can be grasped adaptively. Moreover, a vibrotactile feedback system makes the prosthesis controllable without visual attention. For a more natural appearance, the hand is covered by a cosmetic silicone rubber glove. The hands are designed for performing activities of everyday life, including office work. The new hand design can help closing the gap between purely cosmetic hands and functional hands.
Synchronous RAID5 with Region-Based Layout and Buffer Analysis in Video Storage Servers (1998)

Disk arrays are widely accepted as a disk subsystem for video servers due to its high throughput as well as high concurrency. RAID-like disk arrays are usually, managed in either RAID level 3 (a request is handled by all the disks in the system) or RAID level 5 (a request is handled by some number of disks subject to the request size) when they are used in video servers, i.e., either only one video stream is handled at a time in RAID level 3 or a certain number of video streams are handled independently at the same time in RAID level 5. Note that RAID level 3 is inappropriate to handle large number of video streams and RAID level 5 is inefficient to handle multiple video streams since handling continuous video streams is inherently synchronous operation. In this paper, we propose a new video data layout scheme called region-based layout and synchronous management of RAIDS called synchronous RAIDS for disk array used in video servers. It is shown that we can reduce the amount of buffers required to support a given number of video requests by integrating our region-based layout with synchronous RAIDS scheme. Group Sweeping Scheduling (GSS) presented in [15] is used as a basic disk scheduling. We have shown through analysis that our proposed scheme is superior to the existing schemes in the respect of the buffer requirements.
Magnetic Amplifier-Based Power-Flow Controller (2015)

The concept of the magnetic amplifier, a common electromagnetic device in electronic applications in the past, has seldom been used in power systems. The magnetic amplifier-based power-flow controller (MAPFC), an innovative low-cost device that adopts the idea of the magnetic amplifier for power-flow control applications, is introduced in this paper. The uniqueness of MAPFC is in the use of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic core, shared by an ac and a dc winding, as the medium to control the ac winding reactance inserted in series with the transmission line to be controlled. Large power flow in the line can be regulated by the small dc input to the dc winding. A project on the R&D of an MAPFC has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and conducted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the University of Tennessee-Knoxville, and Waukesha Electric Systems, Inc. since early 2012. Findings from the project are presented along with some results obtained in a laboratory environment.
The Anxiolytic Effects of the 5-Hydroxytryptamine-1A Agonist Tandospirone Before Otolaryngologic Surgery (2001)

Oral tandospirone reduces preoperative anxiety to a similar extent as oral diazepam in patients undergoing elective otolaryngologic surgery. This finding implies that tandospirone can be used as an oral premedicant drug for relieving anxiety before surgery.
Toxic effect of pesticides on the larvae of Chrysoperla carnea. (1997)

The toxic effect of 34 insecticides, 6 acaricides and 9 fungicides on the 1st instar larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (STEPHENS) were tested by two methods, a direct dipping test and a residual contact test, at 25±1°C in the laboratory. In the former method, larvae were dipped in aqueous dilutions of the pesticide. In the latter method, larvae were reared on cucumber leaves with cotton aphids treated with the aqueous dilutions. Pyrethroid group insecticides, ethofenprox, permethrin and cypermethrin, showed high toxicity, but 5 other insecticides showed low toxicity. Although three carbamate group insecticides showed high toxicity to the insect larvae, pirimicarb showed no toxicity. All organophosphate group insecticides except DEP showed high toxicity. Insect growth regulator gruop insecticides, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron and chlorfluzuron, showed no toxicity within 48 hours of treatment, but showed high mortality after 96 hours. Tebufenozide, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were not toxic. Chloronicotinyl group insecticides, nitenpyram, imidacloprid and acetamiprid showed low toxicity by a dipping test, but showed high toxicity by a residual contact test. Acaricides and fungicides showed no toxicity.
Bipolar anthracene derivatives containing hole- and electron-transporting moieties for highly efficient blue electroluminescence devices (2011)

A series of bipolar anthracene derivatives containing hole-transporting triphenylamine and electron-transporting benzimidazole moieties were synthesized and characterized. These compounds possess high thermal properties and quantum yield in toluene solution but their photoluminescence spectra are sensitive to the polarity of the solvent. Three types of devices were fabricated to investigate their electron-transporting and hole-transporting as well as light-emitting properties. The electroluminescence spectra for the three derivatives B1, B3 and B4 show that they emit blue light, while the B2-based devices produced white light at a low current density because of the electromer formation. Moreover, a single layer OLED device for B4 exhibited a current efficiency of 3.33 cd A−1 with a pure blue color of CIE(x,y) of (0.16, 0.16) at 20 mA cm−2 and a maximum brightness of 8472 cd m−2 at 8.7 V.
ICP0 antagonizes Stat 1-dependent repression of herpes simplex virus: implications for the regulation of viral latency. (2006)

ICP0's function as a viral IFN antagonist is necessary in vivo to prevent an innate, Stat 1-dependent host response from rapidly repressing productive HSV-1 replication. This antagonistic relationship between ICP0 and the host IFN response may be relevant in regulating whether the HSV-1 genome is expressed, or silenced, in virus-infected cells in vivo. These results may also be clinically relevant. IFN-sensitive ICP0- viruses are avirulent, establish long-term latent infections, and induce an adaptive immune response that is highly protective against lethal challenge with HSV-1. Therefore, ICP0- viruses appear to possess the desired safety and efficacy profile of a live vaccine against herpetic disease.
Identification of Whirling Motions by Phase Unwrapping Technique (1993)

A method for identifying the whirling motion of a rotating shaft has been developed. This method is based on the phase unwrapping of two strain gages' signals. These two stain gages are being attached ninety degrees apart onto the rotating shaft thus observe the shaft's motion in a rotating coordinate with speed the same as that of the shaft. With such arrangement of the strain gages, the whirling motions of the shaft can be identified provided that the rotation speed of the shaft is known. These whirling motions include forward whirl and backward whirl. Equations are given to show how to interpret the strain measure- ments. Examples from an experiment of a vertical rotating shaft are also given to show the use of this method. The proposed method is shown to be able to identify the whirling motions, which can not be achieved using only proximity probes.