gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Cross-Linkable Polyimides (1992)

Methyl groups cross-link in air at 275 degrees C or upon ultraviolet irradiation to form insoluble polyimides. New materials particularly useful in electronics and microelectronics. Also useful as films, adhesives, and composite matrices.
Enhancing The Hyperpolarizabilities Of Finite Polyenes (1992)

Improved strategy for exploiting unusual optical properties to enhance molecular hyperpolarizabilities by introducing defect quantum-mechanical states and produce molecules switched photochemically or electrochemically between states characterized by different second molecular hyperpolarizabilities. Strategy, conjugation and/or substitution defects, electrically neutral or charged dopant orimpurity atoms or groups thereof, incorporated into finite polyene. Defects in finite polyenes alter second molecular hyperpolarizabilities. Transient large second hyperpolarizabilities attainable in molecules of structure II.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of MP-376 (Levofloxacin Inhalation Solution) in Cystic Fibrosis Subjects (2011)

The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of nebulized MP-376 (levofloxacin inhalation solution [Aeroquin]) were determined in cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects. Ten CF subjects received single 180-mg doses of two formulations of MP-376, followed by a multiple-dose phase of 240 mg once daily for 7 days. Serum and expectorated-sputum samples were assayed for levofloxacin content. Safety was evaluated following the single- and multiple-dose study phases. Nebulized MP-376 produced high concentrations of levofloxacin in sputum. The mean maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) ranged between 2,563 and 2,932 mg/liter for 180-mg doses of the 50- and 100-mg/ml formulations, respectively. After 7 days of dosing, the mean C(max) for the 240-mg dose was 4,691 mg/liter. The mean serum levofloxacin C(max) ranged between 0.95 and 1.28 for the 180-mg doses and was 1.71 for the 240-mg dose. MP-376 was well tolerated. Nebulized MP-376 produces high sputum and low serum levofloxacin concentrations. The pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability were similar for the two formulations. MP-376 240 mg (100 mg/ml) is being advanced into late-stage clinical development.
Sexing of Bovine Embryos with Male-Specific Repetitive DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction: Sexing of Bovine Embryos and Production of Calves with Predicted Sex. (1993)

We have previously cloned and characterized both bovine male-specific and genderneutral DNA's. Primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were synthesized on the basis of these DNA's to give differential PCR products between males and females. Serial dilution of bovine somatic cells of both sexes revealed that 10 cells were sufficient to discriminate males from females under our conditions. The usefulness of our primers to sex bovine embryos was confirmed by using purified control DNA's, cytogenetic analysis of demi-embryos, coincidence of a pair of asymmetrical biopsy samples and embryo transfer. All the embryos used here were produced by in vitro fertilization and culture methods. A successful determination of sex was made for 83 out of 84 embryos examined (98.8%). The sex ratio (54.2% male) did not differ significantly from the expected 1:1 ratio. The viability of biopsied embryos (86.3%) after 24 h culture in vitro was not significantly different from that of intact embryos (92.3%). Also, the mean numbers of cells of the biopsied (153.1, n=42) and intact (170.7, n=39) embryos were not significantly different. Out of seven recipients received the embryos with predicted sex, three went to term, producing one male and 2 female calves in accordance with the sex prediction before transfer. In conclusion, our method appears to be an efficient and reliable one to determine the sex of bovine preimplantation embryos.
UTM-Chain: Blockchain-Based Secure Unmanned Traffic Management for Internet of Drones (2021)

Unmanned aerial systems (UAVs) are dramatically evolving and promoting several civil applications. However, they are still prone to many security issues that threaten public safety. Security becomes even more challenging when they are connected to the Internet as their data stream is exposed to attacks. Unmanned traffic management (UTM) represents one of the most important topics for small unmanned aerial systems for beyond-line-of-sight operations in controlled low-altitude airspace. However, without securing the flight path exchanges between drones and ground stations or control centers, serious security threats may lead to disastrous situations. For example, a predefined flight path could be easily altered to make the drone perform illegal operations. Motivated by these facts, this paper discusses the security issues for UTM's components and addresses the security requirements for such systems. Moreover, we propose UTM-Chain, a lightweight blockchain-based security solution using hyperledger fabric for UTM of low-altitude UAVs which fits the computational and storage resources limitations of UAVs. Moreover, UTM-Chain provides secure and unalterable traffic data between the UAVs and their ground control stations. The performance of the proposed system related to transaction latency and resource utilization is analyzed by using cAdvisor. Finally, the analysis of security aspects demonstrates that the proposed UTM-Chain scheme is feasible and extensible for the secure sharing of UAV data.
Window Functions for Ideal Responce in Distributed Feedback Reflection Filters (1997)

The wavelength filter synthesis problem in distributed feedback reflection filters is solved using variational optimization. Near ideal response is achievefi by using appropriate window functions. These responses have the narrowest stopband widths for a particular side-lobe suppression level. In particular, an analytic design formula approximating these ideal windowing functions is given for filters requiring -30 dB to -60-dB sidelobe suppression.
Bacillus nealsonii sp. nov., isolated from a spacecraft-assembly facility, whose spores are γ-radiation resistant (2003)

One of the spore-formers isolated from a spacecraft-assembly facility, belonging to the genus Bacillus, is described on the basis of phenotypic characterization, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization studies. It is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped eubacterium that produces endospores. The spores of this novel bacterial species exhibited resistance to UV, gamma-radiation, H2O2 and desiccation. The 18S rDNA sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation between this strain and members of the low G+C Firmicutes. High 16S rDNA sequence similarity values were found with members of the genus Bacillus and this was supported by fatty acid profiles. The 16S rDNA sequence similarity between strain FO-92T and Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T was very high. However, molecular characterizations employing small-subunit 16S rDNA sequences were at the limits of resolution for the differentiation of species in this genus, but DNA-DNA hybridization data support the proposal of FO-92T as Bacillus nealsonii sp. nov. (type strain is FO-92T =ATCC BAAM-519T =DSM 15077T).
Superresolution optical microscope by the phase-shifting laser spots (1992)

A new method for optical microscopy with super-resolution exceeding the Rayleigh limit was developed to observe the shape of particles contaminating the LSI patterned wafer in the far- field. The principle of the new method is as follows. The optical spot being smaller than the measured particles has to be scanned on the particle to measure the shape of particles on the wafer. The phase-shifting mask making small optical spot consists of the checkered mask which has been coated with a transparent layer patterned to ensure that the optical phases of the nearest apertures are opposite. The destructive interference between the two opposite phases of light waves from adjacent apertures cancels some diffraction effects and increases the spatial resolution, so that the size and resolution of the coherent laser spots can exceed the size limit of the Airy disk and resolution of Rayleigh limit. The new method for optical microscope with super resolution was examined theoretically and experimentally. The coherent beam generated from 15 mW He-Ne laser projected to the phase-shifting checkered mask forms small laser spots of which size are under 0.1 micrometers in diameter. It is clarified that in the far-field, the scattered light from two spots with opposite phases on the wafer can be observed in exceeding with Rayleigh limit.
Optimal Successive Group Decoders for MIMO Multiple-Access Channels (2008)

We consider a slow-fading narrowband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple-access channel (MAC) in which multiple users, each equipped with multiple transmit antennas, communicate to a receiver equipped with multiple receive antennas. The users are unaware of the channel state information (CSI) whereas the receiver has perfect CSI and employs a successive group decoder (SGD). We obtain achievable outage probabilities for the case where an outage must be declared simultaneously for all users (common outage) as well as the case where outages can be declared individually for each user (individual outage). We then derive the optimum successive group decoder (OSGD) that simultaneously minimizes the common outage probability and the individual outage probability of each user, over all SGDs of permissible decoding complexity. For each channel realization, the OSGD is also shown to maximize the error exponent of the decodable set of users. An adaptive SGD is derived which not only retains the outage optimality of the OSGD but also minimizes the expected decoding complexity. Asymptotically tight (in the limit of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) affine approximations are then obtained for the weighted sum common and individual outage capacities and the symmetric outage capacity yielded by the OSGD. Limiting expressions for the relevant capacities as the number of users and the number of receive antennas approach infinity are also obtained and it is shown that the OSGD yields symmetric capacity gains commensurate with the decoding complexity allowed. Simulation results with practical low-density parity-check (LDPC) outer codes show that the OSGD offers significantly improved performance at low decoding complexity.
Practical Aspects of Cardiac Tissue Engineering With Electrical Stimulation (2007)

Heart disease is a leading cause of death in western society. Despite the success of heart transplantation, a chronic shortage of donor organs, along with the associated immunological complications of this approach, demands that alternative treatments be found. One such option is to repair, rather than replace, the heart with engineered cardiac tissue. Multiple studies have shown that to attain functional tissue, assembly signaling cues must be recapitulated in vitro. In their native environment, cardiomyocytes are directed to beat in synchrony by propagation of pacing current through the tissue. Recently, we have shown that electrical stimulation directs neonatal cardiomyocytes to assemble into native-like tissue in vitro. This chapter provides detailed methods we have employed in taking this "biomimetic" approach. After an initial discussion on how electric field stimulation can influence cell behavior, we examine the practical aspects of cardiac tissue engineering with electrical stimulation, such as electrode selection and cell seeding protocols, and conclude with what we feel are the remaining challenges to be overcome.
An efficient VLSI implementation of on-line recursive ICA processor for real-time multi-channel EEG signal separation (2013)

This paper presents an efficient VLSI implementation of on-line recursive ICA (ORICA) processor for real-time multi-channel EEG signal separation. The proposed design contains a system control unit, a whitening unit, a singular value decomposition unit, a floating matrix multiply unit and, and an ORICA weight training unit. Because the input sample rate of the ORICA processor is 128 Hz, the ORICA processor should produce independent components before the next sample is input in 1/128 s. Under the timing constraints of commutating multi-channel ORICA in real time, the design of the ORICA processor is a mixed architecture, which is designed as different hardware parallelism according to the complexity of processing units. The shared arithmetic processing unit and shared register can reduce hardware complexity and power consumption. The proposed design is implemented used TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology with 8-channel EEG processing in 128 Hz sample rate of raw data and consumes 2.827 mW at 50 MHz clock rate. The performance of the proposed design is also shown to reach 0.0078125 s latency after each EEG sample time, and the average correlation coefficient between the original source signals and extracted ORICA signals for each 1 s frame is 0.9763.
Measurement and application of incoherent terahertz scattering using time-domain spectroscopy (2008)

Measurement of incoherent rough surface scattering powers in terahertz frequency regime by means of time-domain spectroscopy has been for the first time demonstrated. Furthermore, applications of such incoherent measurements in spectroscopy and detection of chemicals are presented.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-coil design with improved focality (2016)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique for neuromodulation that can be used as a non-invasive therapy for various neurological disorders. In TMS, a time varying magnetic field generated from an electromagnetic coil placed on the scalp is used to induce an electric field inside the brain. TMS coil geometry plays an important role in determining the focality and depth of penetration of the induced electric field responsible for stimulation. Clinicians and basic scientists are interested in stimulating a localized area of the brain, while minimizing the stimulation of surrounding neural networks. In this paper, a novel coil has been proposed, namely Quadruple Butterfly Coil (QBC) with an improved focality over the commercial Figure-8 coil. Finite element simulations were conducted with both the QBC and the conventional Figure-8 coil. The two coil’s stimulation profiles were assessed with 50 anatomically realistic MRI derived head models. The coils were positioned on the vertex and the scalp over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to stimulate the brain. Computer modeling of the coils has been done to determine the parameters of interest-volume of stimulation, maximum electric field, location of maximum electric field and area of stimulation across all 50 head models for both coils.
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SULFUR (1980)

Asphalt and Portland cement are the principal binders used in the preparation of pavements. The costs of these materials are directly related to energy and are expected to increase. The availability of asphalt in the future in the event of an oil embargo or other crisis is questionable. Native as well as by-product sources of sulfur in the United States are large and are expected to increase in the future. Sulfur in its elemental form is not ideally suited for use as a pavement binder because of its brittle and friable nature. This program was under-taken to determine if elemental sulfur could be inexpensively modified so it could be used as a pavement binder. As a result of this work, a new pavement binder system, based on elemental sulfur, has been developed that can serve as a replacement for asphalt and Portland cement. This material can be emulsified with water and used like asphalt emulsions. (FHWA)
A graph-based network-vulnerability analysis system (1998)

This report presents a graph-based approach to network vulnerability analysis. The method is flexible, allowing analysis of attacks from both outside and inside the network. It can analyze risks to a specific network asset, or examine the universe of possible consequences following a successful attack. The analysis system requires as input a database of common attacks, broken into atomic steps, specific network configuration and topology information, and an attacker profile. The attack information is matched with the network configuration information and an attacker profile to create a superset attack graph. Nodes identify a stage of attack, for example the class of machines the attacker has accessed and the user privilege level he or she has compromised. The arcs in the attack graph represent attacks or stages of attacks. By assigning probabilities of success on the arcs or costs representing level-of-effort for the attacker, various graph algorithms such as shortest-path algorithms can identify the attack paths with the highest probability of success.
<title>Autostereoscopic field-sequential display with full freedom of movement or Let the display wear the shutter glasses!</title> (2002)

This novel autostereoscopic technology can be used with any light-emitting display, such as CRT, and is intended for single-user applications. Its characteristics include: Full resolution, full freedom of movement with no mechanical latency, and compatibility with existing stereoscopic media. The hardware is contained within a relatively thin layer, which can be produced as a stand-alone product to be placed in front of an existing screen, or built into the front of a standard display device at assembly. This layer allows us to time-share the display between the two eyes (temporal multiplexing). Each image of the stereo pair is shown at the full native resolution of the display. By using self- contained, electronic controls to dynamically adjust the optical geometry within the layer, we control what each eye sees at any moment. This allows full freedom of movement with no mechanical latency. The same information about viewer position can be used to provide a natural look-around effect. In summary, we have created a field-sequential stereo display functionally identical to that provided by LCS glasses - but without the glasses system is compatible with all existing field-sequential stereoscopic media and software.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Magnetic Sensor Utilizing an Avalanching Semiconductor Device (1981)

A new semiconductor device for sensing uniaxial magnetic fields has been realized. The device is basically a dual-collector open-base lateral bipolar transistor operating in the avalanche region, and is referred to as a Magnetic Avalanche Transistor. It exhibits high magnetic transduction sensitivity compared to traditional Hall-effect and conventional nonlinear magnetoresistive devices. Several hundred experimental devices have been designed, fabricated, and tested over the past two years. Many structural and some process parameters were varied. The magnetic sensitivity of a typical device was found to be proportional to substrate resistivity. A sensitivity of 30 volts per tesla was measured for devices which used 5-ohm-cm p-type substrates. The output signal measured between collectors is differential and responds linearly with field magnitude and polarity. A typical signal-to-noise ratio is 20,000 per tesla. The bandwidth is known to extend well beyond 5 MHz. The sensitive area is calculated to be on the order of 5 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This communication describes the basic structure, fabrication, and characteristics for the magnetic avalanche transistor.
Iron-enhanced coagulation is attenuated by chelation A thrombelastographic and ultrastructural analysis (2014)

Increased circulating ferritin and free iron have been found in a variety of disease states associated with thrombophilia. When blood or plasma is exposed to iron addition, characteristic changes in thrombus formation are observed by scanning electron microscopy, which include fusion of fibrin polymers, matting, and even sheeting of fibrin. A primary mechanism posited to explain iron-mediated hypercoagulability is hydroxyl radical formation and modification of fibrinogen; however, iron has also been demonstrated to bind to fibrinogen. We have recently demonstrated that iron enhances coagulation, manifested as a decrease in the time of onset of coagulation. Using clinically encountered concentrations of iron created by addition of FeCl3 to human plasma, we demonstrated that iron-mediated changes in reaction time determined by thrombelastography or changes in thrombus ultrastructure were significantly, but not completely, reversed by iron chelation with deferoxamine. Thus, reversible iron binding to fibrinogen mechanistically explains a significant portion of coagulation kinetic and ultrastructural hypercoagulability. Further investigation is needed to determine whether residual iron binding or other iron-mediated effects is responsible for hypercoagulability observed after chelation.
Electron beam induced etching of carbon (2015)

Nanopatterning of graphene and diamond by low energy (≤30 keV) electrons has previously been attributed to mechanisms that include atomic displacements caused by knock-on, electron beam heating, sputtering by ionized gas molecules, and chemical etching driven by a number of gases that include N2. Here, we show that a number of these mechanisms are insignificant, and the nanopatterning process can instead be explained by etching caused by electron induced dissociation of residual H2O molecules. Our results have significant practical implications for gas-mediated electron beam nanopatterning techniques and help elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
A Wearable Airbag to Prevent Fall Injuries (2009)

We have developed a wearable airbag that incorporates a fall-detection system that uses both acceleration and angular velocity signals to trigger inflation of the airbag. The fall-detection algorithm was devised using a thresholding technique with an accelerometer and gyro sensor. Sixteen subjects mimicked falls, and their acceleration waveforms were monitored. Then, we developed a fall-detection algorithm that could detect signals 300 ms before the fall. This signal was used as a trigger to inflate the airbag to a capacity of 2.4 L. Although the proposed system can help to prevent fall-related injuries, further development is needed to miniaturize the inflation system.
SRD1 is involved in the auxin-mediated initial thickening growth of storage root by enhancing proliferation of metaxylem and cambium cells in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) (2010)

A sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas cv. 'Jinhongmi') MADS-box protein cDNA (SRD1) has been isolated from an early stage storage root cDNA library. The role of the SRD1 gene in the formation of the storage root in sweetpotato was investigated by an expression pattern analysis and characterization of SRD1-overexpressing (ox) transgenic sweetpotato plants. Transcripts of SRD1 were detected only in root tissues, with the fibrous root having low levels of the transcript and the young storage root showing relatively higher transcript levels. SRD1 mRNA was mainly found in the actively dividing cells, including the vascular and cambium cells of the young storage root. The transcript level of SRD1 in the fibrous roots increased in response to 1000 muM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) applied exogenously. During the early stage of storage root development, the endogenous IAA content and SRD1 transcript level increased concomitantly, suggesting an involvement of SRD1 during the early stage of the auxin-dependent development of the storage root. SRD1-ox sweetpotato plants cultured in vitro produced thicker and shorter fibrous roots than wild-type plants. The metaxylem and cambium cells of the fibrous roots of SRD1-ox plants showed markedly enhanced proliferation, resulting in the fibrous roots of these plants showing an earlier thickening growth than those of wild-type plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SRD1 plays a role in the formation of storage roots by activating the proliferation of cambium and metaxylem cells to induce the initial thickening growth of storage roots in an auxin-dependent manner.