gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stop Purpose Classification from GPS Data of Commercial Vehicle Fleets (2017)

Extracting stop purpose information from raw GPS data is a crucial task in most location-aware applications. With the continuous growth of GPS data collected from mobile devices, this task is becoming more and more interesting; a lot of recent research has focused on pedestrians (mobile phones) data, while the commercial vehicles sector is almost unexplored. In this paper we target the problem of stop identification and classification from vehicle GPS data, using a large and heterogeneous dataset of commercial fleets from diverse industries. Our aim is to classify stops by purpose in two categories: work related and non-work related. Our dataset consists of more than 700k stops, 160k of which are work stops. For each stop, we compute a set of 100 different features, which can be grouped in 4 main categories: stop-wise features, points of interest features, stop cluster features, and sequential features. By choosing Random Forests as classification model, we are able to assess the relative importance of each of the features in the four sets. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms the state of the art models for stop purpose classification in the context of commercial vehicles. The feature ranking highlights the importance, for classifying a stop, of both its duration and the duration of other stops in the same location.
Immunohistochemical localization of parathyroid hormone-related protein in human breast cancer. (1990)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is known to be a causative factor in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. A polyclonal rabbit antiserum directed against the amino-terminal region of the protein and immunoperoxidase methods have been used to locate the presence of PTHrP in a series of 102 consecutive invasive breast tumors removed surgically from normocalcemic women. Positive PTHrP staining was detected in 60% of the tumors but not in the accompanying normal breast tissue. Positive staining was related to the progesterone receptor status of the tumor (P = 0.039) and to the prognostic index of the patient (P = 0.046) and not to estrogen receptor status, patient age, tumor size, histological grade, or nodal status.
Designing apochromatic telescope objectives with liquid lenses (1991)

The traditional approach to designing a high-performance, apochromatic, telescope objective has always required the incorporation of an abnormal dispersion glass or crystal. These materials are notorious for their high cost and poor mechanical properties. Recently, some optical liquids have been found that have dispersion properties unequaled by any known glass or crystal. This has opened the way to lower-cost apochromatic objectives. While many of the problems associated with the use of traditional abnormal dispersion materials can be avoided, the incorporation of an abnormal dispersion liquid 'element' in combination with common (normal dispersion) glasses in a telescope objective design creates some unique design considerations. In this paper, a comparison of the dispersion characteristics of glasses and liquids are presented. Also presented are specific design examples that illustrate the performance improvements possible with glass-liquid combinations. The problems associated with obtaining high precision refractive index measurements on liquids and a comparison of liquid catalog and measured indices are discussed. Finally, some design issues unique to liquid lenses such as athermalization, sealing, volumetric expansion accommodation, freezing, and long-term stability are addressed.
A comparison of streamer and OBC seismic data at Beryl Alpha field, U. K. North Sea (2007)

Abstract Compressional P-wave ocean-bottom-cable (OBC) seismic data from the Beryl Alpha field in the U. K. North Sea provide a superior image of the subsurface compared to heritage streamer seismic data. To determine the reason for the superiority of OBC data, the results of a detailed comparison of these OBC and streamer data sets are compared. The streamer and OBC data sets are reprocessed using a strategy that attempts to isolate the roles of processing, fold, azimuth, PZ combination, and hydrophone and geophone data have on the improved OBC image. The vertical component of the geophone (OBC Z) provides the major contribution to the improved OBC image. The imaged OBC Z datacontain fewer multiples and have a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the streamer. The OBC data have a lower level of multiple contamination because of the contribution from the OBC Z component, together with an effective suppression of receiver-side water-column reverberations as a result of the combination of the OBC hydrophone and geophone traces (PZ combination). The increased fold and wider azimuths of OBC data improve the OBC image slightly. Wider azimuths improve fault imaging, especially for faults oriented obliquely to the inline and crossline directions. The particular conditions at Beryl Alpha field that make the OBC survey successful are the relatively hard water bottom and the presence of multiples that are difficult to remove from streamer data using standard demultiple techniques.
Magnetic anisotropy of Nd15Fe77B8 flakes made by twin-roller quenching (1989)

Rapid solidification by twin-roller quenching of iron-neodymium-boron alloys produces flakes which show a strong (00l) texture normal to their surface by x-ray diffraction. The strong crystal orientation is argued to be due to both directional solidification in a thermal gradient and uniaxial deformation of the solid phase in the twin rollers. Magnetization studies on individual flakes show intrinsic coercivities of 14 kOe and a nearly 50% higher remanance for field normal to the flake surface (Br =9.5 kG) than in the flake plane (Br =6.5 kG). The perpendicular (BH)max is 16 MG Oe.
Comparison of command shaping controllers for suppressing payload sway in a rotary boom crane (2003)

This paper presents the simulation results for two variations on a basic command shaping filter designed to reduce operator induced pendulation in a rotary boom crane. The crane model and the basic command shaper design are based on the authors' previous work (1998), which consists of a fixed vertical support, a boom capable of rotating about the vertical and elevating with respect to the horizontal, and a lift-line of variable length which sways about the boom tip in a spherical pendulum. The command shaper adapts to changes in the crane configuration and notches out the pendulation frequency, reducing pendulation. The two alternate designs contain additional time-varying elements to improve anti-sway performance. Command shaper stability is studied via conditions for slowly time-varying systems developed by Desoer (1968). Stability is evaluated for the analytic models and verified with numerical simulation results.
Multi Color Thermal Imaging by One-pass Printing with a Single Printhead (2005)

Multi-color thermal images can be obtained by single pass printing and single thermal printhead technique. The systems described in this paper are combinations and modifications of well-established thermal imaging processes. These systems can be used for printing multi-color documents containing text and graphics. Although complete separation of all colors cannot be achieved by this process, successful rendition of a digital image can be obtained by proper selection of the individual components of the system and printing conditions. These systems can also be extended for printing security features by thermal imaging.
Synergistic Attenuation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Combination of Specific G Gene Truncations and N Gene Translocations (2006)

A variety of rational approaches to attenuate growth and virulence of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) have been described previously. These include gene shuffling, truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of the G protein, and generation of noncytopathic M gene mutants. When separately introduced into recombinant VSV (rVSV), these mutations gave rise to viruses distinguished from their "wild-type" progenitor by diminished reproductive capacity in cell culture and/or reduced cytopathology and decreased pathogenicity in vivo. However, histopathology data from an exploratory nonhuman primate neurovirulence study indicated that some of these attenuated viruses could still cause significant levels of neurological injury. In this study, additional attenuated rVSV variants were generated by combination of the above-named three distinct classes of mutation. The resulting combination mutants were characterized by plaque size and growth kinetics in cell culture, and virulence was assessed by determination of the intracranial (IC) 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) in mice. Compared to virus having only one type of attenuating mutation, all of the mutation combinations examined gave rise to virus with smaller plaque phenotypes, delayed growth kinetics, and 10- to 500-fold-lower peak titers in cell culture. A similar pattern of attenuation was also observed following IC inoculation of mice, where differences in LD(50) of many orders of magnitude between viruses containing one and two types of attenuating mutation were sometimes seen. The results show synergistic rather than cumulative increases in attenuation and demonstrate a new approach to the attenuation of VSV and possibly other viruses.
Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Conventional Pb-free Solders and Eutectic Sn-Bi Solder (2022)

While solder alloys based on the Sn-Bi alloy system are suitable for low-temperature soldering applications, there are a range of considerations in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties that need to be understood. This work compares the strain-rate dependency of the mechanical properties of a eutectic Sn-Bi alloy with a range of conventional Pb-free solder alloys. Important differences which have implications for low-temperature solder alloy development are discussed.
Near-field scanning microwave probe based on a dielectric resonator (2001)

We report a near-field microwave microscopy based on a novel scanning probe—a long and narrow slot microfabricated on the convex surface of the dielectric resonator. The probe is mounted in the cylindrical waveguide. Tunable coupling to the probe is effectuated through the variable air gap. The whole probe is very compact, has a coaxial input, operates at 25–30 GHz, has a spatial resolution of 1–10 μm and, most important, has a low impedance of ∼20 Ω. This allows us to use it for characterization of metallic layers with high conductivity, in particular, thickness mapping.
Purification and characterization of a novel tripeptidyl aminopeptidase from <i>Streptomyces lividans 66</i> (1994)

An extracellular tripeptidyl aminopeptidase has been purified from Streptomyces lividans 66 cell-free cultures. The enzyme is a major component of the secreted proteolytic activity. The protease removes only the N-terminal tripeptide from recombinant human GM-CSF and IL-3 but does not cleave recombinant human IL-6. The enzyme cleaves the synthetic tripeptide substrates APA-pNA and APM-pNA but does not cleave substrates with blocked amino terminals. Smaller substrates are not cleaved. The enzyme appears to be a serine protease of 55 kDa molecular weight. The pH optimum is between 7.5 and 8.5 but varies slightly with the substrate. The N-terminal sequence and amino acid composition have been determined.
Oral Vaccination of Skunks with Raccoon Poxvirus Recombinants Expressing the Rabies Glycoprotein or the Nucleoprotein (1991)

Twenty nine skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were vaccinated orally with raccoon poxvirus (RCN) recombinants: 10 with a recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (RCNRG), 10 with RCNRG mixed with a recombinant expressing the rabies virus nucleoprotein (RCNRN) and nine with RCN alone. Rabies virus neutralizing antibodies were detected in six of the 20 skunks; five skunks (three given RCNRG, two given a mixture of recombinants) survived a rabies challenge that was lethal for nine skunks vaccinated with RCN alone.
Behavioral Resistance of Field-Collected German Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae) to Baits Containing Glucose (1994)

German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), collected from a number of field locations, ranging from Florida to South Korea, displayed an avoidance behavior to a bait formulation. Cockroaches collected from locations that had a history of treatment with this formulation demonstrated bait avoidance, whereas laboratory and field strains with no prior exposure ingested and were susceptible to the toxic bait. Thus, behavioral resistance had evolved in these insects. Selection experiments showed that several susceptible strains were potentially capable of developing behavioral resistance. Strains that avoided ingesting bait also displayed an aversion to glucose, which is a component of the bait that is typically phagostimulatory. Substitution of fructose for glucose in toxic baits significantly improved bait efficacy.
Avoiding the backprojection weight in short-scan CT reconstruction (2009)

In this paper, we present a technique to modify the power of the backprojection weight in analytic CT reconstruction formulas. The technique is applicable whenever the processing step that precedes the backprojection can be formulated as a data differentiation. To illustrate its merit, we apply our technique to the classical, ramp-filter based, short-scan fan-beam reconstruction formula to obtain a new short-scan filtered-backprojection formula with no backprojection weight. This new formula is evaluated using the Shepp-Logan phantom and shows improvement in uniformity of noise and resolution.
New multi-ended fault location design for two- or three-terminal lines (2001)

This paper presents a new fault location system for multiterminal power transmission lines. The algorithm used by this system is suitable for inclusion in a numerical protection relay, which communicates with remote relay(s) over a protective relaying channel. The data volume communicated between relays is sufficiently small to be easily transmitted using a digital protection channel. The new algorithm does not require data alignment, pre-fault load flow information, phase selection information, and does not perform iterations to calculate the distance to the fault. Pre-fault load flow, zero-sequence mutual coupling, fault resistance, power system nonhomogeneity, and current infeeds from other line terminals or tapped loads do not affect the fault location accuracy.
On the resonance frequency of an ideal arbitrarily shaped bubble (2013)

Large encapsulated bubbles have recently been described for use in abating low-frequency anthropogenic underwater noise [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 3325–3332 (2011)], and the use of encapsulation allows for the possibility of bubbles that are nonspherical in their equilibrium state. For the purpose of more accurately determining such bubbles’ resonance frequencies, a lumped-element model of the linear oscillation of an ideal, arbitrarily shaped gas bubble in an incompressible liquid is presented. The corresponding boundary-value problem required to predict the resonance frequency of the bubble is seen to be equivalent to a classic problem in electrostatics [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, 536–537 (1953)]. Predictions made for the resonance frequency of prolate and oblate spheroidal bubbles using this model are tested against a finite-element model of the full acoustic scattering problem. Particular attention is then paid to the case of an ideal toroidal bubble of arbitrary thickness, and predictions made for the resonance frequency of such a bubble using the lumped-element approach are compared to a finite-element model of the full acoustic scattering problem as well as to existing approximate models for the dynamics of thin toroidal bubbles. [Work supported by AdBm Technologies, LLC and the ARL:UT McKinney Fellowship in Acoustics.]
Backoff protocols for distributed mutual exclusion and ordering (2002)

Presents a simple and efficient protocol for mutual exclusion in synchronous message-passing distributed systems subject to failures. Our protocol borrows design principles from prior work in backoff protocols for multiple access channels such as the Ethernet. Our protocol is adaptive in that the expected amortized system response time - informally, the average time a process waits before entering the critical section - is a function only of the number of clients currently contending and is independent of the maximum number of processes that might contend. In particular, in the contention-free case, a process can enter the critical section after only one round-trip message delay. We use this protocol to derive a protocol for ordering operations on a replicated object in an asynchronous distributed system subject to failures. This protocol is always safe, is probabilistically live during periods of stability and is suitable for deployment in practical systems.
Towards a rational combination therapy of cystic fibrosis (2013)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is most frequently due to homozygous ΔF508-CFTR mutation. The ΔF508-CFTR protein is unstable in the plasma membrane (PM), even if it is rescued by pharmacological agents that prevent its intracellular retention and degradation. Restoring defective autophagy in CF airways by proteostasis regulators (such as cystamine and its reduced form, cysteamine) can rescue and stabilize ΔF508-CFTR at the PM, thus enabling the action of CFTR potentiators, which are pharmacological agents that stimulate the function of CFTR as an ion channel. The effects of cystamine extend for days (in vitro) and weeks (in vivo) beyond washout, suggesting that once peripheral proteostasis has been re-established, PM-resident ΔF508-CFTR sustains its own stability. We demonstrated that the pharmacological inhibition of wild-type CFTR [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C, member 7)], in bronchial epithelial cells decreases the stability of the CFTR protein by inhibiting autophagy, elevating the abundance of SQSTM1/p62 and its interaction with CFTR at the PM, increasing the ubiqutination of CFTR, stimulating the lysosomal degradation of CFTR and avoiding its recycling. All these effects could be inhibited by cystamine. Moreover, CFTR-sufficient epithelia generate permissive conditions for incorporating ΔF508-CFTR into the PM and stabilizing it at this location. These results provide the rationale for a combination therapy of CF in which pretreatment with cystamine or cysteamine enables the later action of CFTR potentiators.
High-heat transfer low-NO.sub.x combustion system (2005)

A combustion apparatus comprising a pre-combustor stage and a primary combustion stage, the pre-combustor stage having two co-axial cylinders, one for oxidant and one for fuel gas, in which the fuel gas is preheated and the primary combustion stage having rectangular co-axial passages through which fuel and oxidant are admitted into a refractory burner block. Both passages converge in the vertical plane and diverge in the horizontal plane. The passage through the refractory burner block also has a rectangular profile and diverges in the horizontal plane. The outlets to the primary combustion stage are recessed in the refractory burner block at a distance which may be varied.
Channel Selection HARQ Feedback in LTE-Advanced (2012)

LTE-Advanced supports carrier aggregation which implies that ACK/NACK information bits for multiple downlink carriers are fed back in the uplink. One method for HARQ feedback with multiple ACK/NACK bits is channel selection, wherein ACK/NACK information is encoded by the joint selection of a channel (transmit sequence) and a QPSK symbol. We give a signal design for mapping ACK/NACK information to the channels and modulation symbols, in order to minimize and equalize the ACK-to-NACK and NACK-to-ACK error probabilities. It is shown how the performance depends on the set of channels assigned to a given ACK/NACK bit.
Spin transfer switching and spin polarization in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO and AlOx barriers (2005)

We present spin transfer switching results for MgO based magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) with large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of up to 150% and low intrinsic switching current density of 2–3×106A∕cm2. The switching data are compared to those obtained on similar MTJ nanostructures with AlOx barrier. It is observed that the switching current density for MgO based MTJs is 3 to 4 times smaller than that for AlOx based MTJs, and that can be attributed to higher tunneling spin polarization (TSP) in MgO based MTJs. In addition, we report a qualitative study of TSP for a set of samples, ranging from 0.22 for AlOx to 0.46 for MgO based MTJs, and that shows the TSP (at finite bias) responsible for the current-driven magnetization switching is suppressed as compared to zero-bias tunneling spin polarization determined from TMR.
High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (2008)

Two ten-stage interband cascade laser structures were grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. The wafers were processed into both broad-area ridges for threshold characterization and Au-electroplated narrow ridges for high-temperature cw operation. Pulsed threshold current densities in the broad-area devices were as low as 3.8 A/cm2 at 78 K and 590 A/cm2 at 300 K. An 11-μm-wide ridge exhibited a new maximum cw operating temperature of 288 K at λ=4.1 μm. An even longer-wavelength device emitted at 5.1 μm with a maximum cw operating temperature of 229 K.
High‐temperature elastomers from silarylene‐siloxane‐diacetylene linear polymers (2001)

Abstract The syntheses and characterization of linear silarylene‐siloxane‐diacetylene polymers 3a–c and their thermal conversion to crosslinked elastomeric materials 4a–c are discussed. Inclusion of the diacetylene unit required synthesis of an appropriate monomeric species. 1,4‐Bis(dimethylaminodimethylsilyl)butadiyne [(CH 3 ) 2 N Si(CH 3 ) 2 CCCC(CH 3 ) 2 SiN(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 was prepared from 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐butadiyne and 2 equiv of dimethylaminodimethylchlorosilane. The linear polymers were prepared via polycondensation of 2 with a series of disilanol prepolymers. The low molecular weight silarylene‐siloxane prepolymers 1a–c (terminated by hydroxyl groups) were synthesized via solution condensation of an excess amount of 1,4‐bis(hydroxydimethylsilyl)benzene with bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane. The linear polymers were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and DSC. The elastomers exhibited long‐term oxidative stability up to 330 °C in air as determined by TGA. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 88–94, 2002
Lorazepam Vs. Alprazolam in the Treatment of Panic Disorder (1990)

Sixty-seven patients with panic disorder were treated with single-blind placebo for one week before being randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind treatment with either lorazepam or alprazolam. Both drugs showed significant and comparable antipanic efficacy throughout the course of the study. With the exception of sedative effects, both drugs were well-tolerated at a mean daily dose of 7 mg for lorazepam and 3 mg for alprazolam. Lorazepam appeared to be as effective as alprazolam in the acute treatment of panic disorder.