gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel System for the Quantification of the ADCC Activity of Therapeutic Antibodies (2017)

Novel ADCC effector cells expressing the V-variant or F-variant of Fc<i>γ</i>RIIIa (CD16a) and firefly luciferase under the control of a chimeric promoter incorporating recognition sequences for the principal transcription factors involved in Fc<i>γ</i>RIIIa signal transduction, together with novel target cells overexpressing a constant high level of the specific antigen recognized by rituximab, trastuzumab, cetuximab, infliximab, adalimumab, or etanercept, confer improved sensitivity, specificity, and dynamic range in an ADCC assay relative to effector cells expressing a NFAT-regulated reporter gene and wild-type target cells. The effector cells also contain a normalization gene rendering ADCC assays independent of cell number or serum matrix effects. The novel effector and target cells in a frozen thaw-and-use format exhibit low vial-to-vial and lot-to-lot variation in their performance characteristics reflected by CVs of 10% or less. Homologous control target cells in which the specific target gene has been invalidated by genome editing providing an ideal control and a means of correcting for nonspecific effects were observed with certain samples of human serum. The novel effector cells and target cells expressing noncleavable membrane-bound TNF<i>α</i> have been used to quantify ADCC activity in serum from patients with Crohn's disease treated with infliximab and to relate ADCC activity to drug levels.
Real-time PCR for differential quantification of CVI988 vaccine virus and virulent strains of Marek’s disease virus (2016)

CVI988/Rispens vaccine, the 'gold standard' vaccine against Marek's disease in poultry, is not easily distinguishable from virulent strains of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV). Accurate differential measurement of CVI988 and virulent MDV is commercially important to confirm successful vaccination, to diagnose Marek's disease, and to investigate causes of vaccine failure. A real-time quantitative PCR assay to distinguish CVI988 and virulent MDV based on a consistent single nucleotide polymorphism in the pp38 gene, was developed, optimised and validated using common primers to amplify both viruses, but differential detection of PCR products using two short probes specific for either CVI988 or virulent MDV. Both probes showed perfect specificity for three commercial preparations of CVI988 and 12 virulent MDV strains. Validation against BAC-sequence-specific and US2-sequence-specific q-PCR, on spleen samples from experimental chickens co-infected with BAC-cloned pCVI988 and wild-type virulent MDV, demonstrated that CVI988 and virulent MDV could be quantified very accurately. The assay was then used to follow kinetics of replication of commercial CVI988 and virulent MDV in feather tips and blood of vaccinated and challenged experimental chickens. The assay is a great improvement in enabling accurate differential quantification of CVI988 and virulent MDV over a biologically relevant range of virus levels.
Method for Measuring the Abrasion of Dentin by Dentifrices (1971)

A method for measuring the relative abrasiveness of dentifrices toward dentin based on the use of thin sections of human dentin was developed and compared with a method based on the use of radioactive ( 32 P) dentin.
Wavelet maxima curves of surface latent heat flux associated with two recent Greek earthquakes (2004)

Abstract. Multi sensor data available through remote sensing satellites provide information about changes in the state of the oceans, land and atmosphere. Recent studies have shown anomalous changes in oceans, land, atmospheric and ionospheric parameters prior to earthquakes events. This paper introduces an innovative data mining technique to identify precursory signals associated with earthquakes. The proposed methodology is a multi strategy approach which employs one dimensional wavelet transformations to identify singularities in the data, and an analysis of the continuity of the wavelet maxima in time and space to identify the singularities associated with earthquakes. The proposed methodology has been employed using Surface Latent Heat Flux (SLHF) data to study the earthquakes which occurred on 14 August 2003 and on 1 March 2004 in Greece. A single prominent SLHF anomaly has been found about two weeks prior to each of the earthquakes.
Activation of the Transcriptional Function of the NF-κB Protein c-Rel by <i>O</i> -GlcNAc Glycosylation (2013)

The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) rapidly reprograms gene expression in response to various stimuli, and its activity is regulated by several posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation. The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (a process known as O-GlcNAcylation) is an abundant posttranslational modification that is enhanced in conditions such as hyperglycemia and cellular stress. We report that the NF-κB subunit c-Rel is modified and activated by O-GlcNAcylation. We identified serine 350 as the site of O-GlcNAcylation, which was required for the DNA binding and transactivation functions of c-Rel. Blocking the O-GlcNAcylation of this residue abrogated c-Rel-mediated expression of the cytokine-encoding genes IL2, IFNG, and CSF2 in response to T cell receptor (TCR) activation, whereas increasing the extent of O-GlcNAcylation of cellular proteins enhanced the expression of these genes. TCR- or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced expression of other NF-κB target genes, such as NFKBIA (which encodes IκBα) and TNFAIP3 (which encodes A20), occurred independently of the O-GlcNAcylation of c-Rel. Our findings suggest a stimulus-specific role for hyperglycemia-induced O-GlcNAcylation of c-Rel in promoting T cell-mediated autoimmunity in conditions such as type 1 diabetes by enhancing the production of T helper cell cytokines.
Executing Clinical Practice Guidelines using the SAGE Execution Engine (2004)

We report the first successful test of an interoperable guideline execution engine that interprets encoded clinical guideline content and executes that content via functions of a target clinical information system (CIS). For this test, an exemplar immunization guideline was encoded in the SAGE guideline model using standards-based information models and terminologies. This guideline content was subsequently executed using the prototype SAGE guideline execution engine, which interacts through standards-based VMR/Action services to instantiate real-time guideline recommendations via existing functions of the target CIS. In this paper, we describe our test implementation and highlight the significance and implications of each component of our deployment architecture
Doxycycline, an Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Effectively Reduces Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in Early Breast Cancer Patients: A Clinical Pilot Study (2018)

<b>Background and objectives:</b> Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in tumor initiation, recurrence, metastatic spread and poor survival in multiple tumor types, breast cancers included. CSCs selectively overexpress key mitochondrial-related proteins and inhibition of mitochondrial function may represent a new potential approach for the eradication of CSCs. Because mitochondria evolved from bacteria, many classes of FDA-approved antibiotics, including doxycycline, actually target mitochondria. Our clinical pilot study aimed to determine whether short-term pre-operative treatment with oral doxycycline results in reduction of CSCs in early breast cancer patients. <b>Methods:</b> Doxycycline was administered orally for 14 days before surgery for a daily dose of 200 mg. Immuno-histochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from 15 patients, of which 9 were treated with doxycycline and 6 were controls (no treatment), was performed with known biomarkers of "stemness" (CD44, ALDH1), mitochondria (TOMM20), cell proliferation (Ki67, p27), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), and neo-angiogenesis (CD31). For each patient, the analysis was performed both on pre-operative specimens (core-biopsies) and surgical specimens. Changes from baseline to post-treatment were assessed with MedCalc 12 (unpaired <i>t-</i>test) and ANOVA. <b>Results:</b> Post-doxycycline tumor samples demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the stemness marker CD44 (<i>p</i>-value < 0.005), when compared to pre-doxycycline tumor samples. More specifically, CD44 levels were reduced between 17.65 and 66.67%, in 8 out of 9 patients treated with doxycycline. In contrast, only one patient showed a rise in CD44, by 15%. Overall, this represents a positive response rate of nearly 90%. Similar results were also obtained with ALDH1, another marker of stemness. In contrast, markers of mitochondria, proliferation, apoptosis, and neo-angiogenesis, were all similar between the two groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Quantitative decreases in CD44 and ALDH1 expression are consistent with pre-clinical experiments and suggest that doxycycline can selectively eradicate CSCs in breast cancer patients <i>in vivo</i>. Future studies (with larger numbers of patients) will be conducted to validate these promising pilot studies.
Non-oxidizing Purification Method for Large Volumes of Long, Undamaged Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

A mild route to the purification of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) soot has been investigated. The removal of all forms of impurities commonly found in bulk SWNT material (metal catalyst nanoparticles, amorphous carbon, and bundles of SWNTs) has been obtained. This technique, which involves purification based on centrifugation at low centrifugal force, results in deposits that are composed of individual SWNTs that do not have the defects that result from harsh oxidative treatments. While ultracentrifugation has been used to separate and purify raw SWNT soot, this method removes all but the shortest nanotubes. Therefore, it is not practical for many electronic applications. The method presented in this manuscript removes carbonaceous and metallic impurities, while leaving long undamaged SWNTs in suspension. A liquid deposition method under development in this group was used to form electrically continuous two-dimensional networks of SWNTs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) then is used to verify the efficacy of centrifugation cycles for purification of SWNT suspensions. AFM images of the deposits indicate significant improvement of deposit morphology, with long individual SWNTs that are observed without the presence of impurities. SWNT networks formed from these purified deposits behaved as metallic conductors at high density and as semiconductive thin films at low density. This further indicates that bundles of SWNTs were removed, along with other undesirable materials.
All-optical modulation in crystalline organic semiconductor waveguides (1992)

We demonstrate all-optical modulation in crystalline organic semiconductor waveguides grown by the ultrahigh vacuum process of organic molecular-beam deposition. Two light beams with wavelengths of 1.06 and 0.514 μm were used as the guided and the pump light sources, respectively. A refractive index change of 5.4×10−5 at 1.06 μm was observed at a pump intensity of 1.0 W/cm2. This large nonlinear effect is attributed to free electron-hole pairs produced by the dissociation of excitons generated by the short wavelength beam. A carrier lifetime of (17±1) μs which determines the modulator switching time is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of free-carrier-induced index modulation in crystalline organic waveguides.
The multivariate noise-predictive delayed-decision-feedback equalizer/combiner for multiuser systems with diversity (2003)

We describe in this paper how multiuser decision-feedback equalizers (DFE) can be generalized in order to allow a flexible temporal detection order for the received signals. The system consists of N users and one central base station. It is described by an equivalent N-input N-output discrete-time model. Only the reverse link is considered. The stationary channels between the users and the base station are assumed to be known. Additive Gaussian noise distorts the signals at the input of the receiver. The receiver is based on the noise-predictive decision-feedback equalizer for multiuser systems. This structure is generalized by individually delaying each output of the linear forward filter before a decision on the symbols is made.
Fast computation of channel-estimate based equalizers in packet data transmission (1995)

Computationally efficient procedures are introduced for the real-time calculation of finite-impulse-response (FIR) equalizers for packet-based data transmission applications, such as wireless data networks. In such packet data applications, the FIR equalizer filters are computed indirectly by first estimating the channel pulse response from a known training pattern embedded in each packet and then computing the equalizer for use in the recovery of the remaining unknown data in the packet. We find that a minimum mean-square-error decision-feedback equalizer (MMSE-DFE) with a finite-length constraint on its feedforward and feedback filters can be very efficiently computed from this pulse response. We combine a recent theory of finite-spectral factorization for the MMSE-DFE with the theory of structured matrices to derive these efficient procedures for computing the equalizer settings. The introduced method is much more computationally efficient than direct computation by matrix inversion or the use of popular gradient or least-squares algorithms over the duration of the packet.
Design and Constructability of Novel Extendable Arched Steel Truss Falsework (2020)

Formwork is a very important component in the construction industry and can have major impacts on a project’s budget. The process of selecting a suitable formwork system becomes very important in avoiding budget overruns due to choosing an unsuitable system for a project. Despite this importance, the developments for the formwork system are limited to adding accessories to the already existing systems. This was the case until the development of the funicular arch steel truss (FAST) falsework system, which introduced the concept of the funicular arch in developing a new formwork system. The FAST system had some drawbacks that were targeted during the development of the extendable arched steel truss (EAST) falsework system. The EAST system is proven to be more structurally sound than the FAST system and any of the currently commercially available formwork systems in terms of load capacity and satisfying the deflection criteria (span/360). The EAST system also provides higher lateral stability to the formwork system. To understand the advantages of the new EAST system, three case studies were carried out to compare the FAST system, EAST system, and commercially available system, known as the MULTIFLEX girder slab formwork. The results were compared in terms of weight, cost, and erection time. The results proved that the EAST system has a lower erection time than the FAST and the MULTIFLEX girder slab formwork, while it has a higher weight and consequently higher cost than the other two systems; however, it has higher structural soundness and safety factors.
Development of a portable therapeutic ultrasound system for military, medical and research use. (2008)

In the past two decades therapeutic ultrasound has obtained attention by the medical community as a tool to relieve arthritis, improve rehabilitation, and enhance wound healing processes. In the research realm, therapeutic ultrasound and its effects on tissue properties are currently being studied to great lengths. For example, researchers are assessing the ability of ultrasound for large molecule transdermal drug delivery, in targeted chemotherapy delivery to brain cancer, and cellular gene-transfer applications. Even though many applications of therapeutic ultrasound exist, the basic instrumentation has not changed much in the past 50 years. Here, we present a novel therapeutic ultrasound system we developed in our laboratory that is capable of producing acoustic power outputs well over the therapeutic range (greater than 50 W), lightweight (under 6 lb), portable (a foot print of 4×6×2 in.3), and rechargeable battery powered. The portable therapeutic ultrasound unit has the potential to replace plug-in medical systems and rf amplifiers used in research, both of which are bulky and burdensome. The portable system is capable of between-office and field service on its long lasting internal battery, making it especially useful for military, ambulatory, and house-call medical applications. [This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and Transducer Engineering Inc.]
A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of milnacipran in the treatment of fibromyalgia (2004)

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a systemic disorder of widespread pain which is thought to result from abnormal pain processing within the central nervous system. There are no currently approved treatments for this indication. Antidepressants appear, however, to be effective, especially those with an action on noradrenergic neurotransmission. The objective of the present study was to test the efficacy of the dual action noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, milnacipran, in the treatment of fibromyalgia. The 125 patients, who were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible dose escalation trial, were randomized to receive placebo or milnacipran for 4 weeks of dose escalation (up to 200 mg/day), followed by 8 weeks at a constant dose. The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of milnacipran for the treatment of pain and associated symptoms such as fatigue, depressed mood and sleep. 75% of milnacipran-treated patients reported overall improvement, compared with 38% in the placebo group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, 37% of twice daily milnacipran-treated patients reported at least 50% reduction in pain intensity, compared with 14% of placebo-treated patients (p < 0.05). 84% of all milnacipran patients escalated to the highest dose (200 mg/day) with no tolerability issues. Most adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity, and transient in duration. These results suggest that milnacipran may have the potential to relieve not only pain but several of the other symptoms associated with fibromyalgia.
Performance assessment of FBG temperature sensors for laser ablation of tumors (2015)

The paper presents the characterization results of temperature sensors designed to be employed during thermal treatments of tumors, such as in the laser ablation of malignant cells. The developed sensors are based on Fiber Bragg Gratings, a sensing element able to measure the temperature in proximity of the laser beam without significantly modifying the radiation pattern or perturb the temperature at the sensor site. Different sensor embodiments are analyzed and compared in term of linearity and dynamic response; then a preliminary test during an emulated ablation using a phantom is also presented.
Label free biosensor incorporating a replica-molded, vertically emitting distributed feedback laser (2008)

A label free biosensor based upon a vertically emitting distributed feedback (DFB) laser has been demonstrated. The DFB laser comprises a replica-molded, one-dimensional dielectric grating coated with laser dye-doped polymer as the gain medium. Adsorption of biomolecules onto the laser surface alters the DFB laser emission wavelength, thereby permitting the kinetic adsorption of a protein polymer monolayer or the specific binding of small molecules to be quantified. A bulk sensitivity of 16.6nm per refractive index unit and the detection of a monolayer of the protein polymer poly(Lys, Phe) have been observed with this biosensor. The sensor represents a departure from conventional passive resonant optical sensors from the standpoint that the device actively generates its own narrowband high intensity output without stringent requirements on the coupling alignments, resulting in a simple, robust illumination and detection configuration.
New syntheses of racemic tryptophans (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew syntheses of racemic tryptophansUrs Hengartner, Andrew D. Batcho, John F. Blount, Willy Leimgruber, Mary Ellen Larscheid, and John W. ScottCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 22, 3748–3752Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01336a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views591Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (689 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sensitive, High Throughput Detection of Proteins in Individual, Surfactant-Stabilized Picoliter Droplets Using Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Droplet-based fluidics is emerging as a powerful platform for single cell analysis, directed evolution of enzymes, and high throughput screening studies. Due to the small amounts of compound compartmentalized in each droplet, detection has been primarily by fluorescence. To extend the range of experiments that can be carried out in droplets, we have developed the use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to measure femtomole quantities of proteins in individual pico- to nanoliter droplets. Surfactant-stabilized droplets containing analyte were produced in a flow-focusing droplet generation microfluidic device using fluorocarbon oil as the continuous phase. The droplets were collected off-chip for storage and reinjected into microfluidic devices prior to spraying the emulsion into an ESI mass spectrometer. Crucially, high quality mass spectra of individual droplets were obtained from emulsions containing a mixture of droplets at >150 per minute, opening up new routes to high throughput screening studies.