gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of 2 herbal intramammary products on milk quantity and quality compared with conventional and no dry cow therapy (2014)

Dry cow therapy, administered at the end of lactation, is aimed at eliminating current and preventing future intramammary (IMM) bacterial infections and typically involves intramammary administration of antibiotics. Certified organic dairies in the United States are restricted from using antibiotics and must consider an alternative therapy or no dry cow therapy. The current study compared 2 herbal products to conventional dry cow therapy and no treatment for a total of 5 treatments over 2 trials. Trial 1 was conducted over 3 yr on 1 research farm and trial 2 included 4 commercial farms plus the research herd over 2 yr. Treatments included (1) a conventional IMM antibiotic and internal teat sealant (penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin and bismuth subnitrate; CON); (2) an herbal IMM product purported to act as a teat sealant (Cinnatube, New AgriTech Enterprises, Locke, NY; CIN); (3) an herbal IMM product (Phyto-Mast, Bovinity Health LLC, Narvon, PA; P-M); (4) Phyto-Mast and Cinnatube (PC); or (5) no dry cow therapy (NT). Each treatment group was balanced by breed, lactation number, due date, herd, and year. However, the CON treatment was used only in the research herd because of the intent to avoid antibiotic usage on the other 4 farms. Comparisons among treatments included the difference between pre- and posttreatment 305-d mature equivalent milk production (trial 1), somatic cell score change from dry-off to freshening at the cow and quarter levels (trials 1 and 2), and milk microbiology change over the dry period (trial 2). We detected no significant differences among treatments for milk yield differences between the lactation following treatment and the lactation preceding treatment. Changes in somatic cell score from one lactation to the next also did not differ significantly among treatments in either trial. Cure rates were not significantly different among treatments; only 19.6% of all quarters were infected at dry off. The proportion of quarters with new infections at 3 to 5d postcalving did not significantly differ among treatments, except between CIN and NT. Percentages (least squares means ± standard error) of quarters with new infections were 24 ± 21% for CON, 15 ± 7% for CIN, 30 ± 10% for P-M, 32 ± 11% for PC, and 35 ± 11% for NT. The efficacy of the herbal products was similar to that of conventional therapy, and the herbal products had no apparent adverse effects.
Uma burocracia ativista? A percepção dos agentes públicos do governo federal e o novo Marco Regulatório das Organizações da Sociedade Civil (2019)

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de pesquisa sobre a percepção de agentes públicos federais em relação à participação de Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSCs) na implementação de políticas públicas, no contexto que antecede a aprovação do novo Marco Regulatório das Organizações da Sociedade Civil (Lei 13.019/2014). A hipótese é que o ciclo de expansão de políticas sociais observado de 2003 a 2015 foi acompanhado de modelos de implementação que incluíam OSCs em suas estratégias, associadas a um conjunto de valores expressos e compartilhados por uma categoria de gestores públicos de médio escalão. A confirmação de que o Estado se tornou mais permeável às OSCs se dá a partir da verificação de narrativas desses gestores sobre as parcerias para a implementação de políticas.
Technological advances in precision medicine and drug development (2016)

New technologies are rapidly becoming available to expand the arsenal of tools accessible for precision medicine and to support the development of new therapeutics. Advances in liquid biopsies, which analyze cells, DNA, RNA, proteins, or vesicles isolated from the blood, have gained particular interest for their uses in acquiring information reflecting the biology of tumors and metastatic tissues. Through advancements in DNA sequencing that have merged unprecedented accuracy with affordable cost, personalized treatments based on genetic variations are becoming a real possibility. Extraordinary progress has been achieved in the development of biological therapies aimed to even further advance personalized treatments. We provide a summary of current and future applications of blood based liquid biopsies and how new technologies are utilized for the development of biological therapeutic treatments. We discuss current and future sequencing methods with an emphasis on how technological advances will support the progress in the field of precision medicine.
Compact Modeling of Proximity Effect in High- ${Q}$ Tapered Spiral Inductors (2018)

This letter presents a technique to accurately predict the proximity effect losses in spiral inductors with variable width and spacing (taper) across the turns. The change in magnetic flux in a spiral turn due to the nearby non-uniformly spaced traces is considered while developing expression that captures proximity effect. A broadband, scalable, and frequency-independent compact model is developed for tapered inductors using the proposed technique. Resistance, inductance, and quality factor (Q) plots are shown for spiral inductors with different values of taper. Excellent agreement between model and EM simulated/measured data demonstrates the scalability of the proposed model. The proposed model can be used to accurately predict the high Q possible with tapered inductors.
The chaining approach for software test data generation (1996)

Software testing is very labor intensive and expensive and accounts for a significant portion of software system development cost. If the testing process could be automated, the cost of developing software could be significantly reduced. Test data generation in program testing is the process of identifying a set of test data that satisfies a selected testing criterion, such as statement coverage and branch coverage. In this article we present a chaining approach for automated software test data generation which builds on the current theory of execution-oriented test data generation. In the chaining approach, test data are derived based on the actual execution of the program under test. For many programs, the execution of the selected statement may require prior execution of some other statements. The existing methods of test data generation may not efficiently generate test data for these types of programs because they only use control flow information of a program during the search process. The chaining approach uses data dependence analysis to guide the search process, i.e., data dependence analysis automatically identifies statements that affect the execution of the selected statement. The chaining approach uses these statements to form a sequence of statements that is to be executed prior to the execution of the selected statement. The experiments have shown that the chaining approach may significantly improve the chances of finding test data as compared to the existing methods of automated test data generation.
CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction to CO with 19% Efficiency in a Solar-Driven Gas Diffusion Electrode Flow Cell under Outdoor Solar Illumination (2020)

Solar-driven reduction of carbon dioxide represents a carbon-neutral pathway for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals. We report here results for solar-driven CO₂ reduction using a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) directly powered by a photovoltaic cell. A GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction photovoltaic cell was used to power a reverse-assembled gas diffusion electrode employing a Ag nanoparticle catalyst layer. The device had a solar-to-CO energy conversion efficiency of 19.1% under simulated AM 1.5G illumination at 1 Sun. The use of a reverse-assembled GDE prevented transition from a wetted to a flooded catalyst bed and allowed the device to operate stably for >150 h with no loss in efficiency. Outdoor measurements were performed under ambient solar illumination in Pasadena, California, resulting in a peak solar-to-CO efficiency of 18.7% with a CO production rate of 47 mg·cm⁻² per day and a diurnal-averaged solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of 5.8%.
Distribution of Blood Glucose and the Correlation between Blood Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Diabetic Outpatients (2008)

Tight glycemic control is important for the prevention of microvascular complications in diabetic patients. We examined the reliability of using blood glucose levels measured at various time-points relative to a meal as an index of glycemic control in Japanese diabetic outpatients. Basic procedures followed: We examined the correlation between the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level; the one-hour (1-h), two-hour (2-h), and three-hour (3-h) post breakfast blood glucose (PBBG) levels, the 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h post lunch blood glucose (PLBG) levels and the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in Japanese diabetic outpatients. A total of 11451 patient-visits to the Marunouchi Hospital between January 2002 and December 2002 were included in the study. The main findings: The blood glucose levels measured at all of the above time-points were significantly correlated with the HbA1c level. As calculated using local polynomial regression fitting, the FPG, 1-h, 2-h, and 3-h PBBG levels that corresponded to an HbA1c level of 6.5% were 132 mg/dL, 174 mg/dL, 170 mg/dL, and 143 mg/dL, respectively. The FPG and 2-h PBBG levels exhibited a good sensitivity and specificity for predicting a glycemic control corresponding to an HbA1c<5.8%, while the FPG and 3-h PBBG levels exhibited fair sensitivity and specificity for predicting glycemic control corresponding to an HbA1c<6.5%. The principal conclusions: The FBG, 2-hPBBG, and 3-hPBBG levels can be used as rough estimates of glycemic control in Japanese diabetic outpatients.
Regular Expressions Cookbook (2012)

Regular expressions – known as regexes to aficionados – are powerful tools. The ability to match patterns in text or other data through regex matching not only saves programmers a huge amount of coding, it can also enable the filtering of data in a way that is invaluable to security researchers, hackers and penetration testers. Indeed, many security tools have this kind of pattern-matching ability at their core.
Proposed architecture for integrity monitoring of a GNSS/MEMS system with a Fisheye camera in urban environment (2014)

Recently, an increasing trend of GNSS-based Safety Critical (SC) or Liability Critical (LC) urban applications has been observed. These applications, associated to dense urban canyons, can have very stringent requirements in terms of accuracy, reliability and availability of the provided position solution. In this paper, the implementation of a step-by-step algorithm able to ensure the robustness and integrity monitoring of an integrated GPS/Galileo receiver with low-cost MEMS sensors and aided by the video Fisheye camera is proposed.
Nonintrusive Occupant Identification by Sensing Body Shape and Movement (2016)

The ability to identify people has numerous applications including in smart buildings where the building can be customized to the needs of its occupants or for other applications such as in assisted living and customer behavior analysis in commercial settings. There are different methods used for occupant identification. Some are intrusive such as using cameras or microphone and others require the users to carry mobile gadgets to be identified. In this paper, we present a nonintrusive method to identify people by sensing their body shape and movement. Such information is derived from using ultrasonic sensors to measure the height and width as the occupant walks through the instrumental doorway. In fact, height and width are not unique to every occupant, but extracting a set of features from the variations in height and width makes identification possible. In this study, our system senses a stream of height and width data, recognizes the walking event when a person walks through the door, extracts features that capture a person's movement as well as physical shape. These features are fed to our clustering algorithm that associates each occupant with a distinct cluster. We deployed our system for 1 month. We found out that our approach achieves 95% accuracy with 20 occupants suggesting the suitability of our approach in commercial building settings. In addition, we found out that using girth to distinguish between occupants is more successful than using height.
A call to arms (2021)

Researchers are testing an arsenal of weapons against the pandemic coronavirus.
Time Multiplexed Active Neural Probe with 1356 Parallel Recording Sites (2017)

We present a high electrode density and high channel count CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) active neural probe containing 1344 neuron sized recording pixels (20 µm × 20 µm) and 12 reference pixels (20 µm × 80 µm), densely packed on a 50 µm thick, 100 µm wide, and 8 mm long shank. The active electrodes or pixels consist of dedicated in-situ circuits for signal source amplification, which are directly located under each electrode. The probe supports the simultaneous recording of all 1356 electrodes with sufficient signal to noise ratio for typical neuroscience applications. For enhanced performance, further noise reduction can be achieved while using half of the electrodes (678). Both of these numbers considerably surpass the state-of-the art active neural probes in both electrode count and number of recording channels. The measured input referred noise in the action potential band is 12.4 µVrms, while using 678 electrodes, with just 3 µW power dissipation per pixel and 45 µW per read-out channel (including data transmission).
Laser structuring of conducting films on transparent substrates for electronics devices (2008)

The fast growing market of organic electronics, including organic light-emitting devices and thin-film solar cells, stimulates development of versatile technologies for patterning the thin-films on rigid and flexible substrates. Thin films of the transparent conducting oxides (TCO) and metals are important materials for making contacts, conductors and active elements. Laser structuring with the picosecond and nanosecond pulse duration was applied in shaping the thin-films deposited on the polymers and glass substrates. The wavelength of laser radiation was adjusted depending on optical properties both of the film and the substrate. Absorption of laser radiation by the film material was essential to initiate its controllable removal. The TCO films on the flexible polymeric substrate of polyimide and PET were found to be very sensitive to the processing parameters, including the positioning speed and wavelength. Well-defined shapes of the isolating trenches and conductor lines were produced by laser ablation with the picosecond pulse duration.
Phase retrieval for undersampled broadband images (1999)

Phase-retrieval algorithms have been used for wave-front sensing to determine the aberrations of an optical system from system point-spread functions (blurred images of point sources). Previously, computationally efficient algorithms were developed and applied to data from the Hubble Space Telescope [Appl. Opt.32, 1737 (1993); Appl. Opt.32, 1747 (1993)], but those algorithms, which employ analytic expressions for the gradient of an error metric, required narrow-band light and adequately sampled images. Generalizations of those phase-retrieval algorithms, which accommodate broadband light, allow for undersampled images, permit fitting of multiple images simultaneously, and have a flexible description of the aberrations, are described in this study.
Fisher information and stochastic complexity (1996)

By taking into account the Fisher information and removing an inherent redundancy in earlier two-part codes, a sharper code length as the stochastic complexity and the associated universal process are derived for a class of parametric processes. The main condition required is that the maximum-likelihood estimates satisfy the central limit theorem. The same code length is also obtained from the so-called maximum-likelihood code.
A rational combination of intravesical and systemic agents for the treatment of interstitial cystitis (2007)

A combination of intravesical hydrocortisone and heparin, along with oral bladder sedatives and systemic steroids, has been used with encouraging results in a small group of patients with interstitial cystitis.
Assessment of brain reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in neurodegenerative diseases (2016)

Abstract Evaluation of gene expression levels by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) has for many years been the favourite approach for discovering disease-associated alterations. Normalization of results to stably expressed reference genes (RGs) is pivotal to obtain reliable results. This is especially important in relation to neurodegenerative diseases where disease-related structural changes may affect the most commonly used RGs. We analysed 15 candidate RGs in 98 brain samples from two brain regions from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Multiple System Atrophy, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy patients. Using RefFinder, a web-based tool for evaluating RG stability, we identified the most stable RGs to be UBE2D2, CYC1 , and RPL13 which we recommend for future RT-qPCR studies on human brain tissue from these patients. None of the investigated genes were affected by experimental variables such as RIN, PMI, or age. Findings were further validated by expression analyses of a target gene GSK3B , known to be affected by AD and PD. We obtained high variations in GSK3B levels when contrasting the results using different sets of common RG underlining the importance of a priori validation of RGs for RT-qPCR studies.
518. Production of Recombinant Type 2 Adeno-Associated Virus in Bioreactors (2005)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) represent a promising gene therapy vector that may be used in the treatment of diverse human diseases. The major obstacle to broaden their usage is the availability of a production process able to provide sufficient quantities for preclinical and human trials. We present here a successful process for rAAV-2 production in low-serum and serum-free medium performed in a 3L stirred-tank bioreactor. The process is based on the triple transfection of suspension-growing HEK293 cells employing polyethylenimine (PEI) as the DNA carrier. Production of AAV-GFP in a 3L serum-free medium bioreactor yielded titers of 5.1 x 1011 infectious viral particles (IVP), corresponding to 2 x 1012 viral genome (VG) or 6.8 x 1012 viral particles (VP). The cell-specific and total viral titers obtained in suspension culture were about three-fold higher to those obtained with adherent cells. The process is very simple and robust as it does not require a medium exchange, either before or after transfection, making it particularly attractive for the generation of large and homogeneous stocks of rAAV vectors.
Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein by substituted dithiobisnicotinic acid dimethyl ester: involvement of a critical cysteine (2000)

SC-71952, a substituted analog of dithiobisnicotinic acid dimethyl ester, was identified as a potent inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). When tested in an in vitro assay, the concentration of SC-71952 required for half-maximal inhibition was 1 microm. The potency of SC-71952 was enhanced 200-fold by preincubation of the inhibitor with CETP, and was decreased 50-fold by treatment with dithiothreitol. Analogs of SC-71952 that did not contain a disulfide linkage were less potent, did not display time dependency, and were not affected by dithiothreitol treatment. Kinetic and biochemical characterization of the inhibitory process of CETP by SC-71952 suggested that the inhibitor initially binds rapidly and reversibly to a hydrophobic site on CETP. With time, the bound inhibitor irreversibly inactivates CETP, presumably by reacting with one of the free cysteines of CETP. Liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) analyses of tryptic digests of untreated or SC-71952-inactivated CETP was used to identify which cysteine(s) were potentially involved in the time-dependent, irreversible component of inactivation by the inhibitor. One disulfide bond, Cys143-Cys184, was unaffected by treatment with the inhibitor. Inactivation of CETP by SC-71952 correlated with a progressive decrease in the abundance of free Cys-13 and Cys-333. Conversion of Cys-13 to alanine had no effect on the rapid reversible component of inactivation by SC-71952. However, it abolished the time-dependent enhancement in potency seen with the inhibitor when using wild-type CETP. These data indicate that Cys-13 is critical for the irreversible inactivation of CETP by SC-71952 and provides support for the structural model that places Cys-13 near the neutral lipid-binding site of CETP.
Fusion of the FUS and BBF2H7 genes in low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (2003)

The FUS gene at 16p11 fuses with DDIT3 and ATF1 as the result of translocations with chromosome band 12q13 in myxoid liposarcoma and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, respectively, and with ERG as the result of a t(16;21)(p11;q22) in acute myeloid leukemia. We here show that a t(7;16)(q33;p11) in two cases of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma fuses the FUS gene to BBF2H7, a previously uncharacterized gene that is homologous to the Drosophila Bbf-2 gene. BBF2H7 spans more than 120 kbp genomic DNA, is composed of 12 exons and contains a 1560 bp open reading frame. It codes for a 519 amino acid protein that contains a basic DNA binding and leucine zipper dimerization (B-ZIP) motif, highly similar to that in the OASIS, CREB-H, CREB4 and CREB3 transcription factors, followed by a hydrophobic region predicted to be an alpha-helical transmembrane domain. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using FUS forward and BBF2H7 reverse primers, amplified FUS/BBF2H7 chimeric transcripts composed of the first five exons and part of exon 6 of FUS and part of exon 5 and exons 6-12 of BBF2H7. The FUS/BBF2H7 chimera codes for a protein containing the N-terminus of FUS and the B-ZIP domain and the C-terminus of BBF2H7.
FC RIIIA and FC RIIA polymorphisms are not associated with response to rituximab and CHOP in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2007)

We investigated the association ofFcgammaRIIIaa and FcgRIIa polymorphisms and response to R-CHOP in 58 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). FcgammaRIIIa and FcgRIIa polymorphisms did not influence response, event-free or overall survival. These results suggest that ADCC via FcgammaRIIIa and FcgammaRIIa may not be the major mechanism of activity of the R-CHOP combination in DLBCL.
Biocatalytic asymmetric phosphorylation of mevalonate (2014)

The excellent selectivity of the mevalonate kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of mevalonate simplifies lengthy multi-step routes to (R)-mevalonate-5-phosphate to a one-step biocatalytic reaction, because the phosphate group can be transferred directly and without any additional reaction steps involving introduction and removal of protecting groups. By adjusting the required reaction time for complete conversion, the kinetic resolution of racemic mevalolactone can be easily used for the preparation of (S)-mevalonate and (R)-mevalonate-5-phosphate. A new recombinant mevalonate kinase has been prepared by the expression of the mevalonate kinase gene from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis in Escherichia coli and by the subsequent purification. Direct quantitative 31P-NMR kinetic analysis has been utilized to characterize the enantioselectivity of the mevalonate kinase. This method is useful for determining the biocatalyst's utility for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)-mevalonate-5-phosphate as well as for biocatalytic process development.