gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-21-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Lethal B-Cell Lymphoma Through Efficient Delivery of IL-21, Which Redirects the Immune System to Target the Tumor (2015)

Interleukin (IL)-21, a proinflammatory cytokine, has been developed as an immunotherapeutic approach due to its effects on various lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells and T cells; however, the clinical success in cancer patients has been limited. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as vehicles for cancer gene therapy due to their inherent migratory abilities toward tumors. In the present study, we hypothesized that MSCs, genetically modified to express high levels of IL-21 (IL-21/MSCs), can enhance antitumor responses through localized delivery of IL-21. For tumor induction, BALB/c mice were injected intravenously with syngeneic A20 B-cell lymphoma cells to develop a disseminated B-cell lymphoma model. Then, 6 days following tumor induction, the tumor-bearing mice were treated with IL-21/MSCs weekly, four times. Systemic infusion of A20 cells led to hind-leg paralysis as well as severe liver metastasis in the control group. The IL-21/MSC-treated group showed delayed tumor incidence as well as improved survival, whereas the MSC- and recombinant adenovirus-expressing IL-21 (rAD/IL-21)-treated groups did not show significant differences from the untreated mice. These therapeutic effects were associated with high levels of IL-21 delivered to the liver, which prevented the formation of tumor nodules. Furthermore, the infusion of IL-21/MSCs led to induction of effector T and NK cells, while potently inhibiting immune suppressor cells. Our findings demonstrate that IL-21-expressing MSCs have the therapeutic potential to induce potent antitumor effects against disseminated B-cell lymphoma through localized IL-21 delivery and induction of systemic antitumor immunity.
Mitosis compiler (2005)

Speculative parallelization can provide significant sources of additional thread-level parallelism, especially for irregular applications that are hard to parallelize by conventional approaches. In this paper, we present the Mitosis compiler, which partitions applications into speculative threads, with special emphasis on applications for which conventional parallelizing approaches fail.The management of inter-thread data dependences is crucial for the performance of the system. The Mitosis framework uses a pure software approach to predict/compute the thread's input values. This software approach is based on the use of pre-computation slices (p-slices), which are built by the Mitosis compiler and added at the beginning of the speculative thread. P-slices must compute thread input values accurately but they do not need to guarantee correctness, since the underlying architecture can detect and recover from misspeculations. This allows the compiler to use aggressive/unsafe optimizations to significantly reduce their overhead. The most important optimizations included in the Mitosis compiler and presented in this paper are branch pruning, memory and register dependence speculation, and early thread squashing.Performance evaluation of Mitosis compiler/architecture shows an average speedup of 2.2.
025. Ovaries: up in a POF of smoke (2004)

Premature ovarian failure (POF) or premature menopause is a common disorder, defined by the occurrence of menopause under the age of 40 years and is characterised by amenorrhoea, hypoestrogenism and elevated gonadotrophins. Worldwide it affects 1% of all women and occurs in 0.1% before the age of 30 years. The major problems associated with POF are the loss of fertility at an early age and the psychological problems associated with this. In addition there are the physiological effects of reduced oestrogen, which include an increased risk of osteoporosis. POF is a heterogeneous disorder and the cause of most cases is unknown. A significant proportion (20-30%) of women with POF have a genetic predisposition. Our primary goal is to identify genes involved in POF. In most cases, the menopause is due to the loss of follicles, and it stands to reason that suitable candidate genes for POF development would be genes that regulate the rate of follicle loss. We have identified two common gene mutations, a 769G&gt;A transition in the inhibin alpha gene in approximately 5% of POF patients associated with POF at a very early age, and mutations in FOXL2 in approximately 5% of patients. FOXL2 is thought to act downstream of inhibin which suggests that other candidate genes may arise from the analysis of the activin signalling pathway. Functional studies will help us to understand more about the molecular basis of POF. Each mutation has been associated with less than 10% of POF cases and POF is likely to be caused by mutations at many different loci. It is hoped that determining the molecular basis of POF will lead to the development of genetic tests to predict the development of POF, and eventually lead to treatment that will return fertility to these women.
Structure−Activity Studies for a Novel Series of Tricyclic Substituted Hexahydrobenz[<i>e</i>]isoindole α<sub>1A</sub> Adrenoceptor Antagonists as Potential Agents for the Symptomatic Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (2000)

In search of a uroselective agent that exhibits a high level of selectivity for the α1A receptor, a novel series of tricyclic hexahydrobenz[e]isoindoles was synthesized. A generic pharmacophoric model was developed requiring the presence of a basic amine core and a fused heterocyclic side chain separated by an alkyl chain. It was shown that the 6-OMe substitution with R, R stereochemistry of the ring junction of the benz[e]isoindole and a two-carbon spacer chain were optimal. In contrast to the highly specific requirements for the benz[e]isoindole portion and linker chain, a wide variety of tricyclic fused heterocyclic attachments were tolerated with retention of potency and selectivity. In vitro functional assays for the α1 adrenoceptor subtypes were used to further characterize these compounds, and in vivo models of vascular vs prostatic tone were used to assess uroselectivity.
Cloning, Functional Expression, and Characterization of Recombinant Pig Liver Esterase (2001)

The N-terminal amino acid sequence of pig liver esterase (PLE) from a commercial sample was determined and shown to match closely to a published sequence encoding a proline-beta-naphthylamidase from pig liver. Next, mRNA isolated from pig liver was transcribed into cDNA and primers deduced from the N-terminal sequence were used to clone the 1698 base pairs of PLE cDNA. Initial attempts to express the cDNA in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris with different expression vectors and secretion signal sequences failed. Only after deletion of the putative C-terminal sequence His-Ala-Glu-Leu, usually considered as an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, could heterologous expression of PLE be readily achieved in the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Recombinant PLE (rPLE) was secreted into the medium and exhibited a specific activity of approximately 600 Umg(-1) and a Vmax/Km value of 139 micromolmin(-1)mM(-1) with p-nitrophenyl acetate as a substrate. Activity staining of renatured sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels gave a single band with esterolytic activity for rPLE, whereas several bands are visible in crude commercial PLE preparations. This was confirmed by native gels, which also show that rPLE is active as a trimer. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme and comparison with properties of commercial PLE preparations as well as with published data confirmed that we expressed a single PLE isoenzyme which showed a high preference for proline-beta-naphthylamide. This is a substrate specificity for the so-called gamma subunit of PLE. The optimum pH value and temperature for the recombinant PLE were 8.0 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The determined molecular weight of the secreted enzyme was approximately 61-62 kDa, which closely matches the calculated value of 62.419 kDa. The active site residues are located at Ser203, His448, and Asp97, and the typical consensus sequence motif for hydrolases was found around the active site serine (Gly-Glu-Ser-Ala-Gly).
Vesicle‐Based Rechargeable Batteries (2005)

Vesicle-based rechargeable batteries can be fabricated by mounting polymerized vesicles filled with ferrocyanide or ferricyanide to a conductive surface (see Figure). The potential can be adjusted by changing the concentration ratio of hydroquinone and benzoquinone bound to the vesicle membranes. These batteries show promise as a means of supplying portable power for future autonomous nanosystems.
Induction of mitotic cell death in cancer cells by small interference RNA suppressing the expression of RecQL1 helicase (2007)

RecQL1 DNA helicase of the human RecQ helicase family participates in DNA repair and recombination pathways during cell-cycle replication. When we examined the effect of RecQL1 suppression on cell growth, we found that RecQL1 silencing by small interference RNA efficiently prevented proliferation of a wide range of cancer cells by inducing mitotic catastrophe and mitotic cell death. In contrast, such mitotic cell death was not seen in the growing normal fibroblasts used as controls, even if RecQL1 expression was fully downregulated. Our results support the hypothesis that endogenous DNA damage that occurs during DNA replication and remains unrepaired in cancer cells due to RecQL1 silencing induces cancer cell-specific mitotic catastrophe through a less-strict checkpoint in cancer cells than in normal cells. We speculate that normal cells are exempt from such mitotic cell death, despite slow growth, because cell-cycle progression is controlled strictly by a strong checkpoint system that detects DNA damage and arrests progression of the cell cycle until DNA damage is repaired completely. These results suggest that RecQL1 helicase is an excellent molecular target for cancer chemotherapy.
Development of Novel, Reversible, Non-Toxic Anticoagulants for Greatly Extended Platelet Storage (1988)

Abstract : The first phase of the development of a new anticoagulant formulation for extended storage of platelets is largely complete. Compounds which inhibit plasma proteases or platelet activation were screened for irreversible effects on platelets in short-term storage studies. Several combinations of reversible compounds were used as new anticoagulant formulations in long terms storage studies which showed remarkable improvements in platelets viability by in vitro markers for up to 15 days at room temperature. The best results were obtained with the combined strategy of: elevation of cyclic AMP (PGE-1 plus theophylline) inhibition of plasmin and contact activation (aprotinin), and inhibition of thrombin (hirudin or thromstop). Platelets stored with these inhibitors showed signs of a lowered metabolic load and therefore could be contained in bags with a reduced surface-to-volume ratio. Further studies will be undertaken to finalize the formulation and bag geometry before proceeding to toxicity and efficacy studies in animal models. Keywords: Human blood donors; Anticoagulant; Platelets concentrates; Protease inhibitors; Platelet activation inhibitors; plasmin; thrombin.
Scheduling Updates in a Real-Time Stream Warehouse (2009)

This paper discusses updating a data warehouse that collects near-real-time data streams from a variety of external sources. The objective is to keep all the tables and materialized views up-to-date as new data arrive over time. We define the notion of data staleness, formalize the problem of scheduling updates in a way that minimizes average data staleness, and present scheduling algorithms designed to handle the complex environment of a real-time stream warehouse. A novel feature of our scheduling framework is that it considers the effect of an update on the staleness of the underlying tables rather than any property of the update job itself (such as deadline).
A genome screen of successful aging without cognitive decline identifies LRP1B by haplotype analysis (2009)

Successful aging without cognitive decline (SA) is apparent in those who escape age-related illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease and dementia. To determine whether there are protective genotypes that increase the probability of successful cognitive aging, a genome-wide screen was conducted on subjects who were 85 years of older, had MMSE scores >26, and had no major illnesses. SNP 500K microarrays were used. The data from the microarrays was analyzed versus that from Alzheimer's patients. Three SNPs in the gene for the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) had significant P values, after Bonferroni correction. Additional SNPs were analyzed in this very large gene. Haplotypes in intron 18 were significant for successful aging versus Alzheimer's patients; those haplotypes were not significant when Alzheimer's patients versus CEPH controls were analyzed. These results suggest that haplotypes in the gene LRP1B are significant/protective for successful aging without cognitive decline.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and CO<sub>2</sub> (2010)

Abstract Review: 175 refs.
The fabrication of thin-film thermocouples for determining the temperature and thermal conductivity within a flexible material (1993)

Thin-film thermocouples were produced on flexible polymeric and paper substrates using evaporation techniques. These devices were found to be simple to produce, durable, and to have good temperature sensitivity. These devices allow the temperature and thermal conductivity of thin coatings to be determined in a variety of processes with minimal impact to the process or loss of heat through the leads.
The Electrochemical Ceneration Of High Concentration Ozone For Small-Scale Applications (1984)

Abstract Abstract Research in electrochemical ozone generation techniques is progressing to the point that they may offer an attractive alternative to corona discharge and ultraviolet excitation synthesis in small-scale applications of ozone technology. Possible advantages include higher ozone concentrations, the use of inexpensive low-voltage D.C. power supplies, elimination of feed air preparation, reduced size and weight, and even aqueous phase generation (bypassing conventional applications contacting methods). Keywords: ElectrochemicalHigh-ConcentrationGeneration
Operation Characteristics of a Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (1990)

The operation characteristics of an optically and an ir - laser addressed ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator using hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the photoconductor is presented.
PRECIPITATION ONSET AND PHYSICAL MODELS OF ASPHALTENE SOLUTION BEHAVIOR (2001)

The onset of asphaltene precipitation provides important information about the thermodynamic state of the asphaltene solute in a given hydrocarbon system (a stock tank oil, a residue, or an asphaltenic solution). Such measurements are carried out by titrating the system with an asphaltene anti-solvent (an n-paraffin) while measuring some physical property (e.g., light absorbance, electrical conductivity, viscosity) that displays a distinctive discontinuity at the onset of phase separation. The quantity of anti-solvent required to attain this condition is expressed in most cases as mass (or volume) of anti-solvent per unit mass of oil. In the present work, the empirical models that have been proposed to account for asphaltene behavior in the titration experiments are described and compared critically. It is shown that they can all be reduced to a single general form that identifies a peculiar behavior of these systems: the onset conditions for precipitation are independent of the asphaltene concentration. This behavior cannot represented by most of the theoretical models proposed in literature. It is argued that the discordance between the observed behavior and the attempted mathematical descriptions derives, in large part, from an uncritical use of physical models of the asphaltenes. A tentative, new physical interpretation of asphaltene phase behavior is offered together with a simple mathematical model for predicting the onset conditions based on the results of titration experiments.
Iron Deposition following Chronic Myocardial Infarction as a Substrate for Cardiac Electrical Anomalies: Initial Findings in a Canine Model (2013)

The electrical behavior of infarcted hearts with iron appears to be different from those without iron. Iron within infarcted zones may evolve as an arrhythmogenic substrate in the post MI period.
Data miming (2011)

Speakers often use hand gestures when talking about or describing physical objects. Such gesture is particularly useful when the speaker is conveying distinctions of shape that are difficult to describe verbally. We present data miming---an approach to making sense of gestures as they are used to describe concrete physical objects. We first observe participants as they use gestures to describe real-world objects to another person. From these observations, we derive the data miming approach, which is based on a voxel representation of the space traced by the speaker's hands over the duration of the gesture. In a final proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate a prototype implementation of matching the input voxel representation to select among a database of known physical objects.
PREPs: herpes simplex virus type 1-specific particles produced by infected cells when viral DNA replication is blocked (1995)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells produce not only infectious nucleocapsid-containing virions but also virion-related noninfectious light particles (L-particles) composed of the envelope and tegument components of the virus particle (J. F. Szilágyi and C. Cunningham, J. Gen. Virol. 62:661-668, 1991). We show that BHK and MeWO cells infected either with wild-type (WT) HSV type 1 (HSV-1) in the presence of viral DNA replication inhibitors (cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside, phosphonoacetic acid, and acycloguanosine) or with a viral DNA replication-defective mutant of HSV-1 (ambUL8) synthesize a new type of virus-related particle that is morphologically similar to an L-particle but differs in its relative protein composition. These novel particles we term pre-viral DNA replication enveloped particles (PREPs). The numbers of PREPs released into the culture medium were of the same order as those of L-particles from control cultures. The particle/PFU ratios of different PREP stocks ranged from 6 x 10(5) to 3.8 x 10(8), compared with ratios of 3 x 10(3) to 1 x 10(4) for WT L-particle stocks. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblot analyses revealed that true late proteins, such as 273K (VP1-2), 82/81K (VP13/14), and gC (VP8), were greatly reduced or absent in PREPs and that gD (VP17) and 40K proteins were also underrepresented. In contrast, the amounts of proteins 175K (VP4; IE3), 92/91K (VP11/12), 38K (VP22), and gE (with BHK cells) were increased. The actual protein composition of PREPs showed some cell line-dependent differences, particularly in the amount of gE. PREPs were biologically competent and delivered functional Vmw65 (VP16; alpha TIF) to target cells, but the efficiency of complementation of the HSV-1 (strain 17) mutant in1814 was 10 to 30% of that of WT L-particles.
HyPer: Adapting Columnar Main-Memory Data Management for Transactional AND Query Processing. (2012)

Traditionally, business applications have separated their data into an OLTP data store for high throughput transaction processing and a data warehouse for complex query processing. This separation bears severe maintenance and data consistency disadvantages. Two emerging hardware trends allow the consolidation of the two disparate workloads onto the same database state on one system: the increasing main memory capacities of several terabytes per server and multi-threaded processing based on multicore parallelism. The prevalent data representation of hybrid OLTP&OLAP main memory database systems is columnar in order to achieve best possible query execution performance for OLAP applications. In order to shield the OLTP transaction processing from long-running queries without costly locking/latching, all queries are executed on an arbitrarily recent snapshot of the data. The paper contrasts several snapshotting techniques for columnar data (twin block, versioning) with the hardware-supported shadow paging we employ in the HyPer system. While OLAP-query processing can rely mostly on columnar scans, high OLTP throughput requirements necessitate index techniques for exact match and small range queries. Despite the ever growing capacity, main memory is still a scare resource. Therefore, compressing main memory resident databases is beneficial. The paper will devise techniques that achieve good compression ratios without hurting the mission-critical OLTP throughput by adaptively separating cold (i.e. immutable) data for aggressive compression from the hot (i.e. mutable) working set data that remains uncompressed.
Integrated Large Optical Differential Amplifier with Dynamic Range for Gigahertz Bandwidth Electrical Signals (1991)

A differential amplifier for gigahertz bandwidth electrical signals using fiber optics and integrated optical devices was demon- strated. The differential gain was a function of the electrical to optical and optical to electrical conversion factors. The common mode rejection ratio of our differential amplifier at 1 GHz was greater than 30 dB. The common mode rejection ratio depended on the time difference between the differential amplifier inputs. This device could be used as an inte- grated module in radar and communications systems.
Circulating tumor cell identification by functionalized silver-gold nanorods with multicolor, super-enhanced SERS and photothermal resonances (2014)

Nanotechnology has been extensively explored for cancer diagnostics. However, the specificity of current methods to identify simultaneously several cancer biomarkers is limited due to color overlapping of bio-conjugated nanoparticles. Here, we present a technique to increase both the molecular and spectral specificity of cancer diagnosis by using tunable silver-gold nanorods with narrow surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and high photothermal contrast. The silver-gold nanorods were functionalized with four Raman-active molecules and four antibodies specific to breast cancer markers and with leukocyte-specific CD45 marker. More than two orders of magnitude of SERS signal enhancement was observed from these hybrid nanosystems compared to conventional gold nanorods. Using an antibody rainbow cocktail, we demonstrated highly specific detection of single breast cancer cells in unprocessed human blood. By integrating multiplex targeting, multicolor coding, and multimodal detection, our approach has the potential to improve multispectral imaging of individual tumor cells in complex biological environments.
A coupled sawtooth oscillator combining low jitter and high control linearity (1998)

A new type of current controlled oscillator (CCO) is presented that combines excelllent control linearity with low timing jitter. The problem of overshoot in traditional relaxation oscillators is solved by using an alternative for the Schmitt-trigger. Circuits realised in a 0.8µm CMOS process show a HD2 < -65dB and HD3 < -85 dB (Δf=500 kHz). The measured phase noise is smaller than -100dBc/Hz at 10kHz carrier offset frequency at F OSC =1.5 MHz for a supply current of 360µA.