gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-scale detection of microemboli in flowing blood with Doppler ultrasound (1999)

Small formed elements and gas bubbles in flowing blood, called microemboli, can be detected using Doppler ultrasound. In this application, a pulsed constant-frequency ultrasound signal insonates a volume of blood in the middle cerebral artery, and microemboli moving through its sample volume produce a Doppler-shifted transient reflection. Current detection methods include searching for these transients in a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of the reflected signal. However, since the embolus transit time through the Doppler sample volume is inversely proportional to the embolus velocity (Doppler-shift frequency), a matched-filter detector should in principle use a wavelet transform, rather than a short-time Fourier transform, for optimal results. Closer examination of the Doppler shift signals usually shows a chirping behavior apparently due to acceleration or deceleration of the emboli during their transit through the Doppler sample volume. These variations imply that a linear wavelet detector is not optimal. We apply linear and quadratic time-frequency and time-scale detectors to a set of noise-corrupted embolus data. Our results show improvements of about 1 dB using the time-scale detectors versus an STFT-based detector signifying that embolus detection is best approached as a time-scale problem. A time-scale-chirp detector is also applied and is found to have the overall best performance by about 0.5-0.7 dB while coming fairly close (about 0.75 dB) to a theoretical upper bound.
Antimicrobial γ-AApeptides (WO2013112548): a patent evaluation (2014)

The patent application WO2013112548 claims a new class of peptidomimetics - γ-AApeptides with potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. These γ-AApeptides are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including medicinally relevant drug-resistant pathogens. They are believed to exert bactericidal function by mimicking the membrane disruption mechanism of host-defense peptides. As such, they may provide an alternative approach for antimicrobial development combating antibiotic resistance.
A dose-efficient treatment strategy for histotripsy by removing cavitation memory (2011)

Cavitation memory effect occurs when fragments of cavitation bubbles persist in the host medium and act as seeds for subsequent events. In pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy, or histotripsy, this effect may cause cavitation to repeatedly occur at these seeded locations, producing inhomogeneous lesions or requiring excess pulses to completely homogenize the target volume. We hypothesized that by removing the memory, the cavitation bubbles could be induced at random locations in response to each pulse, leading to complete and homogeneous disruption of the target volume with fewer pulses. To test the hypothesis, the cavitation memory was passively removed by increasing the time intervals between successive pulses, Δt. The cavitation patterns and the lesion development process using various Δt's were studied. Results showed an exponential decrease in the similarity between the spatial distributions of cavitation bubbles in successive pulses with increasing Δt's; correspondingly, the lesion was completely and homogeneously fractionated with significantly fewer pulses for longer Δt's. These results indicated that the removal of the cavitation memory may produce more dose-efficient treatments and homogeneous lesions.
Novel Biotransformation Process of Podophyllotoxin to 4 -Sulfur-Substituted Podophyllum Derivates with Anti-Tumor Activity by Penicillium purpurogenum Y.J. Tang (2012)

According to the structure-function relationship of podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and its analogue of 4'- demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP), the 4 β-substitution of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds with a carbon-sulfur bond at 4 position of PTOX or DMEP is an essential modification direction for improving the anti-tumor activity. So, four novel 4 β-sulfursubstituted podophyllum derivatives (i.e., 4β -(1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)sulfanyl-4-deoxy-podophyllotoxin (4-MT-PTOX), 4β-(1,3,4- thiadiazole-2-yl)sulfanyl-4-deoxy-podophyllotoxin (4-MTD-PTOX), 4β-(1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)sulfanyl-4-deoxy-4' -demethylepipodophyllotoxin (4-MT-DMEP), and 4β-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)sulfanyl-4-deoxy-4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (4-MTD-DMEP)) were designed and then successfully biosynthesized in this work. In the novel sulfur-substituted biotransformation processes, PTOX and DMEP was linked with sulfur-containing compounds (i.e., 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (MT) and 2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (MTD)) at 4 position of cycloparaffin to produce 4-MT-PTOX (1), 4-MTD-PTOX (2), 4-MT-DMEP (3), and 4-MTD-DMEP (4) by Penicillium purpurogenum Y.J. Tang, respectively, which was screened out from Diphylleia sinensis Li (Hubei, China). All the novel compounds exhibited promising in vitro bioactivity, especially 4-MT-PTOX (1). Compared with etoposide (i.e., a 50 % effective concentration [EC(50)] of 25.72, 167.97, and 1.15 M), the EC(50) values of 4-MT-PTOX (1) against tumor cell line BGC-823, A549 and HepG2 (i.e., 0.28, 0.76, and 0.42 M) were significantly improved by 91, 221 and 2.73 times, respectively. Moreover, the EC(50) value of 4-MT-PTOX (1) against the normal human cell line HK-2 (i.e., 182.4 μM) was 19 times higher than that of etoposide (i.e., 9.17 μM). Based on the rational design, four novel 4 β-sulfur-substituted podophyllum derivatives with superior in vitro anti-tumor activity were obtained for the first time. The correctness of structure-function relationship and rational drug design was strictly demonstrated by the in vitro biological activity tests.
Bis‐Tridentate Ir(III) Metal Phosphors for Efficient Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2017)

Emissive Ir(III) metal complexes possessing two tridentate chelates (bis-tridentate) are known to be more robust compared to those with three bidentate chelates (tris-bidentate). Here, the deep-blue-emitting, bis-tridentate Ir(III) metal phosphors bearing both the dicarbene pincer ancillary such as 2,6-diimidazolylidene benzene and the 6-pyrazolyl-2-phenoxylpyridine chromophoric chelate are synthesized. A deep-blue organic light-emitting diode from one phosphor exhibits Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE<sub>(</sub><sub>x</sub><sub>,</sub><sub>y</sub><sub>)</sub> ) coordinates of (0.15, 0.17) with maximum external quantum efficiency (max. EQE) of 20.7% and EQE = 14.6% at the practical brightness of 100 cd m<sup>-2</sup> .
From data to insight: the community of multimedia agents (2002)

Multimedia Data Mining requires the ability to automatically analyze and understand the content. The Community of Multimedia Agents project (COMMA) is devoted to creating an open environment for developing, testing, learning and prototyping multimedia content analysis and annotation methods. It serves as a medium for researchers to contribute and share their achievements while protecting their proprietary techniques. Each method is represented as an agent that can communicate with the other agents registered in the environment using templates that are based on the Descriptors and Description Schemes in the emerging MPEG-7 standard. This allows agents developed by different organizations to operate and communicate with each other seamlessly regardless of their programming languages and internal architecture. A Development Environment is provided to facilitate the construction of media analysis methods. The tool contains a Workbench using which the user can integrate the agents to build more sophisticated systems, and a Blackboard Browser that visualizes the processing results. It enables researchers to compare the performance of different agents and combine them to build more powerful and robust system prototypes. The COMMA can also serve as a learning environment for researchers and students to acquire and test cutting edge multimedia analysis algorithms. Thus the efficiency of research in this area can be improved by sharing of media agents.
Induction of long-lasting T cell memory against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> on vaccination with promiscuous peptide of 16 kDa antigen linked to Pam2Cys (53.11) (2011)

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major killer diseases, especially in developing countries. In TB-endemic areas, one of the main reasons considered for the failure of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is the impediment caused by environmental mycobacteria in its processing and presentation. In general, peptides do not require antigen processing since they can directly bind to major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) molecules and be presented to T cells. Consequently, vaccines constructed employing peptides can overcome the problem responsible for BCG failure. In the present study, we have developed a unique lipopeptide by linking the promiscuous peptide of 16 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Pam2Cys, a toll like receptor-2 (TLR2) agonist. This peptide elicits immune response irrespective of HLA polymorphism. Further, it does not require extensive antigen processing, can bind directly to MHC molecules and activate T cells. Most interestingly it has self-adjuvanting properties and activates both innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Further, it activates dendritic cells (DCs) and imparts enduring Th1 memory response. Furthermore, it surmounts the barrier of MHC polymorphism and induces better protection than BCG. This lipopeptide can be a potent future vaccine candidate against TB.
Tunable two-dimensional liquid gradient refractive index (L-GRIN) lens for variable light focusing (2010)

We report a two-dimensional (2D) tunable liquid gradient refractive index (L-GRIN) lens for variable focusing of light in the out-of-plane direction. This lens focuses a light beam through a liquid medium with a 2D hyperbolic secant (HS) refractive index gradient. The refractive index gradient is established in a microfluidic chamber through the diffusion between two fluids with different refractive indices, i.e. CaCl(2) solution and deionized (DI) water. The 2D HS refractive index profile and subsequently the focal length of the L-GRIN lens can be tuned by changing the ratio of the flow rates of the CaCl(2) solution and DI water. The focusing effect is experimentally characterized through side-view and top-view image analysis, and the experimental data match well with the results from ray-tracing optical simulations. Advantages of the 2D L-GRIN lens include simple device fabrication procedure, low fluid consumption rate, convenient lens-tuning mechanism, and compatibility with existing microfluidic devices. We expect that with further optimizations, this 2D L-GRIN lens can be used in many optics-based lab-on-a-chip applications.
Novel TE-TM mode splitter on lithium niobate usingnickel indiffusion and proton exchange techniques (1994)

A new TE-TM mode splitter with an asymmetric Y-junction structure operated by directly focusing randomly polarised light on to a titanium indiffused waveguide which is then directed to an ordinary-polarised nickel indiffusion waveguide and an extraordinary-polarised proton exchange waveguide in lithium niobate is demonstrated. The measured extinction ratio is greater than 20 dB for both TE and TM modes.
Zero voltage switching technique for bi-directional DC/DC converters (2011)

This paper proposes a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) technique for bi-directional DC/DC converters. The DC/DC unit considered consists of two distinct bi-directional DC/DC cells paralleled at both input and output and whose two input bridges are coupled by means of passive inductive branches. A multi-angle phase-shift modulation method is proposed which simultaneously achieves bi-directional power control, power sharing and ZVS of all the electronic devices over the full power range without the need for auxiliary switches. Simulation and experimental results are reported for a 2.4 kW DC/DC unit consisting of two paralleled 1.2 kW bi-directional Dual-Bridge Series Resonant Converter (DBSRC) cells.
Data from Preclinical Development of the Anti-LAG-3 Antibody REGN3767: Characterization and Activity in Combination with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Cemiplimab in Human <i>PD-1xLAG-3</i>–Knockin Mice (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>In the tumor microenvironment, multiple inhibitory checkpoint receptors can suppress T-cell function, thereby enabling tumor immune evasion. Blockade of one of these checkpoint receptors, PD-1, with therapeutic antibodies has produced positive clinical responses in various cancers; however, the efficacy of this approach can be further improved. Simultaneously targeting multiple inhibitory checkpoint receptors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we report the development and characterization of REGN3767, a fully human IgG4 antibody targeting LAG-3, another inhibitory receptor on T cells. REGN3767 binds human and monkey LAG-3 with high affinity and specificity and blocks the interaction of LAG-3 with its ligand, MHC class II. In an engineered T-cell/antigen-presenting cell bioassay, REGN3767 alone, or in combination with cemiplimab (REGN2810, human anti-PD-1 antibody), blocked inhibitory signaling to T cells mediated by hLAG-3/MHCII in the presence of PD-1/PD-L1. To test the <i>in vivo</i> activity of REGN3767 alone or in combination with cemiplimab, we generated human <i>PD-1xLAG-3</i> knockin mice, in which the extracellular domains of mouse <i>Pdcd1</i> and <i>Lag3</i> were replaced with their human counterparts. In these humanized mice, treatment with cemiplimab and REGN3767 showed increased efficacy in a mouse tumor model and enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by tumor-specific T cells. The favorable pharmacokinetics and toxicology of REGN3767 in nonhuman primates, together with enhancement of antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in preclinical tumor models, support its clinical development.</p></div>
Mouse transgenes in human cells detect specific base substitutions. (1990)

We describe a system of transgenic human cell lines that detects and identifies specific point mutations at defined positions within a gene. The target transgenome is a mouse adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene rendered nonfunctional by introduction of a substitution at either of two bases that comprise a splice acceptor site. Reversion at a mutated site results in the expression of wild-type mouse APRT and consequent growth of APRT+ transgenic cell colonies. Site-specific reversion to wild-type sequence is confirmed by regeneration of a previously destroyed diagnostic Pst I site. Two independent cell clones, each with mutant transgenomes bearing an A----G transition, exhibited an up to 7500-fold, dose-dependent induction of reversion following treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate. Treatment of these clones with 2-aminopurine resulted in no induction of revertants. In contrast, another transgenic cell clone, bearing a G----A transition, reverted as a consequence of 2-aminopurine, but not ethyl methanesulfonate, treatment. These data confirm for human cells the proposed mechanisms of action of these mutagens and provide evidence for the utility of our site-specific reversion method for mutagenesis studies.
Development of Oxidation Resistant Fe-20Cr-5Al Foil for Catalytic Converter Use (1994)

To develop an Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil for catalytic converter use, the effect of the addition of rare earth metals on the oxidation resistance of these foils was studied. It was found that adding La remarkably improves oxidation resistance, while adding Ce reduces it. The workability of Fe-Cr-Al alloys was also investigated, it was clarified that adding 0.06% Ti and reducing the contents of C and N improves workability sufficiently for production by conventional processes. Based on these results, an Fe-20Cr-5Al-0.08La-0.06Ti alloy, which has excellent oxidation resistance, has been developed. In tests, catalytic converters with metal supports made of this foil showed higher performance than those with ceramic supports.
Segmentation and classification of triple negative breast cancers using DCE-MRI (2009)

Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer has gained much interest recently due to its lack of response to receptor-targeted therapies and its aggressive clinical nature. In this study, we evaluate the ability of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system to not only distinguish benign from malignant lesions on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), but also to quantitatively distinguish triple negative breast cancers from other molecular subtypes of breast cancer. 41 breast lesions (24 malignant, 17 benign) as imaged on DCE-MRI were included in the dataset. Of the 24 malignant cases, 13 were of the TN phenotype. Using the dynamic signal intensity information from the DCE-MRIs, an Expectation Maximization-driven active contours scheme is used to automatically segment the breast lesions. Following quantitative morphological, textural, and kinetic feature extraction, a support vector machine classifier was employed to distinguish (a) benign from malignant lesions and (b) TN from non-TN cancers. In the former case, the classifier yielded an accuracy of 83%, sensitivity of 79%, and specificity of 88%. In distinguishing TN from non-TN cases, the classifier had an accuracy of 92%, sensitivity of 92%, and specificity of 91%. The results suggest that the TN phenotype has distinct and quantifiable signatures on DCE-MRI that will be instrumental in the early detection of this aggressive breast cancer subtype.
Characterization of particles by modulated dynamic light scattering. I. Theory (1994)

We describe a new class of methods for measuring the properties of particles suspended in fluids. We have named these methods modulated dynamic light scattering (MDLS) methods. We present a detailed description of the apparatus and the theoretical foundations for a few examples of MDLS methods in which measured signals are compared to predictions calculated using Brownian motion theory to infer one or more of the particle mass, diffusion coefficient, velocity, shape category, and other properties. The direct measurement of particle mass is novel. MDLS methods can thus be used in characterizing particles with respect to both mass and surface area, size and shape, or other combinations of properties. MDLS measurements of many individual particles provide the distributions of particles over one, two, or more property values, singly or jointly. To be widely used in particle measurements, the method must measure several thousand in a few minutes. We therefore investigate precision and measurement speed and discuss size range of particle characterization by MDLS. We derive an expression for the precision of an MDLS measurement. Provision of both a measured mass or size of a single particle and an estimate of the measurement precision is also novel. The capability to measure mass, size, and other properties of individual particles at known precision should make MDLS useful in characterizing particles of unknown shape including thin flake-shaped and elongated rod-shaped particles.
High Precision Wide-Field Sensing with Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. E. Trusheim and D. R. Englund, "High Precision Wide-Field Sensing with Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond," in CLEO: 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper FW1B.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Photodynamic Therapy of Microbial Infections: State of the Art and Perspectives (2006)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is coming of age as an efficient alternative treatment for microbial infections, a problem which is presently aggravated by the increasingly widespread diffusion of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains. In particular, the use of red light-absorbing photosensitizers as photodynamic antimicrobial agents is characterized by various favorable features, including: (a) the broad spectrum of antimicrobial action of selected phenothiazines, porphyrins, and phthalocyanines, which promote the photosensitized inactivation of Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, and parasites by using one phototherapeutic protocol and mild irradiation conditions; (b) porphyrins/phthalocyanines display no appreciable toxicity in the dark at photochemically active doses; (c) microbial cell death is primarily a consequence of membrane photodamage through a typically multitarget process, which minimizes the risk of both the onset of mutagenic processes and the selection of photoresistant cells; (d) such photosensitizers act with essentially identical efficiency against both wild and antibiotic-resistant strains, whereas no selection of photoresistant microbial pathogens has been observed; (e) a combination between antibiotic-based and photodynamic therapy is possible. A typical example of phthalocyanine-sensitized photoinactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is provided. At present, antimicrobial PDT appears to be especially convenient for the treatment of localized infections, such as oral candidosis, periodontitis or chronic wounds.
The incorporation of heteroatoms into faujastic framework by secondary synthesis using aqueous fluoride complexes (1991)

J. Dwyer and K. Karim, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 905 DOI: 10.1039/C39910000905
Rational Structure‐Based Design of Bright GFP‐Based Complexes with Tunable Dimerization (2015)

Fluorescent proteins are transformative tools; thus, any brightness increase is a welcome improvement. We invented the "vGFP strategy" based on structural analysis of GFP bound to a single-domain antibody, predicting tunable dimerization, enhanced brightness (ca. 50%), and improved pH resistance. We verified all of these predictions using biochemistry, crystallography, and single-molecule studies. We applied the vsfGFP proteins in three diverse scenarios: single-step immunofluorescence in vitro (3× brighter due to dimerization); expression in bacteria and human cells in vivo (1.5× brighter); and protein fusions showing better pH resistance in human cells in vivo. The vGFP strategy thus allows upgrading of existing applications, is applicable to other fluorescent proteins, and suggests a method for tuning dimerization of arbitrary proteins and optimizing protein properties in general.
Complete Structural Predictions of the Proteome of African Swine Fever Virus Strain Georgia 2007 (2022)

Here, we announce the predicted structures of the 193 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus (ASFV) strain Georgia 2007 (ASFV-G). Previously, only the structures of 16 ASFV proteins were elucidated.
An improvised process of isolation, purification of steviosides from <i><scp>S</scp>tevia rebaudiana </i><scp>B</scp>ertoni leaves and its biological activity (2012)

Summary The food industry has traditionally used sugar (sucrose) as a sweetening agent; however the dietary and health demands are continuing to expand the market for sweeteners as an alternative to sucrose. The leaves of S tevia rebaudiana are rich source of glycosides that have sweet taste with low calorific value. The study highlights extraction of steviosides from leaves using pressurised hot water extractor, followed by purification and concentration of the sweet glycosides through ultra ( UF ) and nano ( NF ) filtration membrane in obtaining high purity steviosides. After the final purification process the stevioside content was 9.05 g per 100 g and rebaudioside A 0.2 g per 100 g stevia leaf, with total purity of stevioside 97.66% by HPLC at total operation time of 7 h. This process also improved the potency of sweetness and palatability profile when compare with other commercially available steviosides. Thus, the methodology developed establishes simple, in‐expensive and eco‐friendly process in obtaining pure steviosides.