gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forward Decay: A Practical Time Decay Model for Streaming Systems (2009)

Temporal data analysis in data warehouses and datastreaming systems often uses time decay to reduce the importance of older tuples, without eliminating their influence, on the results of the analysis. While exponential time decay is commonly used in practice, other decay functions (e.g. polynomial decay) are not, even though they have been identified as useful. We argue that this is because the usual definitions of time decay are "backwards": the decayed weight of a tuple is based on its age, measured backward from the current time. Since this age is constantly changing, such decay is too complex and unwieldy for scalable implementation. In this paper, we propose a new class of "forward" decay functions based on measuring forward from a fixed point in time. We show that this model captures the more practical models already known, such as exponential decay and landmark windows, but also includes a wide class of other types of time decay. We provide efficient algorithms to compute a variety of aggregates and draw samples under forward decay, and show that these are easy to implement scalably. Further, we provide empirical evidence that these can be executed in a production data stream management system with little or no overhead compared to the undecayed computations. Our implementation required no extensions to the query language or the DSMS, demonstrating that forward decay represents a practical model of time decay for systems that deal with time-based data.
Direct Hydrocarbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Distributed battery system with wireless control and power transfer — A concept introduction (2018)

The paper introduces the concept of a battery system or pack architecture that is divided into several battery modules that share the load power wirelessly and are controlled wirelessly. Each of the wireless battery modules includes its own power electronics for DC-AC power conversion for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), regulation of voltage and State-Of-Charge (SOC), and wireless communication link with an on-board unit. The on-board unit combines the power received wirelessly from all of the battery modules (AC-DC or AC-AC conversion) and its master controller uses the voltage, current, and other information received wirelessly from the battery modules to wirelessly send back control commands in order to regulate the discharge (or charge) rate of each battery module. For example, in the Electric Vehicles (EVs) application this wirelessly controlled and distributed battery system or pack can potentially allow for exchanging or swapping the wireless battery modules in a safer, easier, and faster manner. This can potentially contribute to significantly reduced “Range Anxiety” phenomenon that is associated with EVs.
A Prospective Comparison of AV Delay Programming Methods for Hemodynamic Optimization during Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2007)

An electrogram-based optimization method accurately predicts the optimal AVD among patients over a wide range of QRS intervals during CRT in both AS and AP modes. This simple technique may obviate the need for echocardiography for AVD programming.
A New Purple Fluorescent Color Marker for Genetic Studies in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>and<i>Candida albicans</i> (2008)

The ability to visualize cellular events by linking them to color or fluorescence changes has been an invaluable tool for biology. We describe a novel plasmid-borne color marker whose expression in yeast leads to purple-colored cells that are also brightly fluorescent. This dominant marker provides a useful tool for rapidly screening plasmid maintenance using a visual or fluorescence assay in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.
Self-referenced spectral domain interferometry for improved signal-to-noise measurement of terahertz radiation (2013)

In this work, we demonstrate self-referenced spectral domain interferometry for the electro-optic sampling of terahertz (THz) electric fields. This technique allows reduction of the phase noise of the measurement, thus increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Using the proposed technique, we achieve a more than sixfold improvement in the SNR of the detected THz electric field.
Extended genetic algorithm: application to x-ray analysis (2005)

The classic scheme of the genetic algorithm is extended to improve the robustness and efficiency of the genetic technique. New genetic operators implemented in this paper are shown to increase the convergence speed and reliability of the optimization process. A complex model function with multiple local extrema and real x-ray reflectivity and diffraction data have been used to prove the modified algorithm. The effectiveness of the new technique is compared with the effectiveness of various optimization methods.
A significant enhancement of color transition from an on–off type achromatic colorimetric nanosensor for highly sensitive multi-analyte detection with the naked eye (2016)

Here, we report the development of an achromatic nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor (achromatic nanosensor) with an on-off type color change that significantly enhances the color transition and increases the sensitivity of the sensor for naked-eye inspection. The achromatic nanosensor was prepared via a modified CMYK (CRYK) subtractive color model by combining DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-DNA), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-DNA), and gold nanorods (AuNRs-DNA). The initially black-colored achromatic nanosensor not only allowed multiplexed detection by generating target-specific diverse color changes, but also improved the recognition of color changes by the naked eye. Thus, this on-off type color change enabled analysis near the limit of detection (LOD) with the naked eye. In addition, we developed a new image processing method adapted for this achromatic sensor. By quantifying the saturation value of the color images of the achromatic sensor, we could significantly amplify the color signal of the samples, which is difficult to achieve with general colorimetric sensors. The practical application of this achromatic nanosensor for biomarker detection was demonstrated with thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in human blood plasma. These results provide a new sensing platform that is applicable to most NP-based colorimetric sensing systems for a wide range of applications, including biomolecular diagnosis, chemical pollutant sensing, environmental monitoring, etc.
Production of a pure lignin product part 2: Separation of lignin from membrane filtration permeates of black liquor (2014)

Future high value lignin-based products, such as carbon fibers, require a lignin raw material with a high purity level. Lignin with low inorganic content can be separated from kraft black liquor by the LignoBoost process. This laboratory scale study focuses on the effect of micro- and ultrafiltration of black liquor on the content of impurities in the LignoBoost lignin. Two black liquors, obtained from pulping of eucalyptus and softwood, were used in this study. The black liquors were micro- and ultrafiltered and thereafter lignin was separated from these permeates according to the LignoBoost process. It was found that micro- and ultrafiltration significantly reduced the amounts of carbohydrate residuals in the separated lignin. Eucalyptus lignin separated from permeates contained similar amounts of Al, Mn, Mg, Fe and Si, but significantly less Ca than the reference sample separated from unfiltered black liquor, resulting in 50% lower ash content. Softwood lignin separated from permeates contained lower amounts of Al, Mn, Mg, Fe, Ca and Si than the reference. In both cases, the Na and K content were unaffected by the introduction of micro- and ultrafiltration.
Standoff photoacoustic spectroscopy (2008)

Here, we demonstrate a variation of photoacoustic spectroscopy that can be used for obtaining spectroscopic information of surface adsorbed chemicals in a standoff fashion. Pulsed light scattered from a target excites an acoustic resonator and the variation of the resonance amplitude as a function of illumination wavelength yields a representation of the absorption spectrum of the target. We report sensitive and selective detection of surface adsorbed compounds such as tributyl phosphate and residues of explosives such as trinitrotoluene at standoff distances ranging from 0.5–20m, with a detection limit on the order of 100ng∕cm2.
Detection and Quantification of CWD Prions in Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (2016)

Traditional diagnostic detection of chronic wasting disease (CWD) relies on immunodetection of misfolded CWD prion protein (PrP(CWD)) by western blotting, ELISA, or immunohistochemistry (IHC). These techniques require separate sample collections (frozen and fixed) which may result in discrepancies due to variation in prion tissue distribution and assay sensitivities that limit detection especially in early and subclinical infections. Here, we harness the power of real-time quaking induced conversion (RT-QuIC) to amplify, detect, and quantify prion amyloid seeding activity in fixed paraffin-embedded (FPE) tissue sections. We show that FPE RT-QuIC has greater detection sensitivity than IHC in tissues with low PrP(CWD) burdens, including those that are IHC-negative. We also employ amyloid formation kinetics to yield a semi-quantitative estimate of prion concentration in a given FPE tissue. We report that FPE RT-QuIC has the ability to enhance diagnostic and investigative detection of disease-associated PrP(RES) in prion, and potentially other, protein misfolding disease states.
Autonomous Procurement System (APS): Pro Forma Development (2020)

The paper discloses a pending patent that was filed to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in March 2020. The proposed patent provides an autonomous solution for conducting the procurement process for services as well as materials. This paper focuses only on one activity of the autonomous procurement system (APS), namely, pro forma development. The paper also provides a brief description of a typical procurement process for services as an introduction.
Development of Genetically Engineered Microbial Biocontrol Agents (1988)

Genetically engineered microbial biocontrol agents were developed by the insertion of a gene that produces a insecticidal protein, into two strains of plant-colonizing bacteria. The emphasis of the design of these biological agents were specificity for target insects, protection of the plants colonized by the engineered bacteria, and a low probability to transfer the engineered genetic information to other organisms in the environment. The procedures and technologies used to produce these microbial control agents are reviewed.
Homogeneous Immunoassay Using Photothermal Beam Deflection Spectroscopy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Immunoassay Using Photothermal Beam Deflection SpectroscopyHajime. Sakashita, Akihito. Tomita, Yoko. Umeda, Hitoshi. Narukawa, Hiroshi. Kishioka, Takehiko. Kitamori, and Tsuguo. SawadaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 7, 1278–1282Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00103a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00103a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased Furfural Tolerance Due to Overexpression of NADH-Dependent Oxidoreductase FucO in Escherichia coli Strains Engineered for the Production of Ethanol and Lactate (2011)

Furfural is an important fermentation inhibitor in hemicellulose sugar syrups derived from woody biomass. The metabolism of furfural by NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases, such as YqhD (low K(m) for NADPH), is proposed to inhibit the growth and fermentation of xylose in Escherichia coli by competing with biosynthesis for NADPH. The discovery that the NADH-dependent propanediol oxidoreductase (FucO) can reduce furfural provided a new approach to improve furfural tolerance. Strains that produced ethanol or lactate efficiently as primary products from xylose were developed. These strains included chromosomal mutations in yqhD expression that permitted the fermentation of xylose broths containing up to 10 mM furfural. Expression of fucO from plasmids was shown to increase furfural tolerance by 50% and to permit the fermentation of 15 mM furfural. Product yields with 15 mM furfural were equivalent to those of control strains without added furfural (85% to 90% of the theoretical maximum). These two defined genetic traits can be readily transferred to enteric biocatalysts designed to produce other products. A similar strategy that minimizes the depletion of NADPH pools by native detoxification enzymes may be generally useful for other inhibitory compounds in lignocellulosic sugar streams and with other organisms.
Antibodies to the glycoprotein antigen of bovine leukemia virus in the cattle population of five states. (1977)

A selected (non-random) serological survey of cattle for antibodies to the glycoprotein antigen of bovine leukemia virus has been conducted in five states by seven investigators. A total of 1,295 beef and dairy cattle from 74 herds were studied with attention to the following: type of production, number of animals per herd, previous history of bovine leukemia cases in the herd, age of the animal, and serological reaction in the bovine leukemia glycoprotein immunodiffusion test (BL-GID). It was concluded that herd size (1-50, or 50+ animals per herd) exercised no influence on the percent positive BL-GID reactions. However, a previous history of clinical bovine leukemia in the herd and the type of production (beef or dairy) had considerable influence on the percent positive BL-GID reactors. Animals from herds that had a history of bovine leukemia exhibited 52.0% positive BL-GID reactions as compared to 13.7% reactors in animals from herds with no herd history of bovine leukemia. Beef animals exhibited 2.6% positive BL-GID reactions, while dairy animals exhibited 28.2% positive BL-GID reactions. Data were insufficient to determine age trends.
One-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide (2005)

Electromagnetic wave propagation in one-dimensional photonic crystal was examined. Slant incident wave couples to high order mode propagation of photonic bands on Brillouin zone boundary. The concept of one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide was proposed.
High duty cycle operation of quantum cascade lasers based on graded superlattice active regions (2001)

High duty cycle operation of quantum cascade superlattice lasers with graded superlattice active regions is investigated with the goal of achieving high average optical power. The optical output power increases with pulse width and decreases with heat sink temperature. This behavior is explained on the basis of the laser core temperature oscillations during the pulsed, high duty cycle operation. Between 175 and 325 K heat sink temperature, optimum duty cycles vary from 10% to 1% and average power levels vary from 50 to 1 mW for various lasers used in this study.
lEarn (2019)

We aim to increase the profit of a given generator participating in a single-sided wholesale energy market. We model the market clearing mechanism and the behavior of other generators competing in the market. We utilize interesting structures in the data to classify generators and then build novel supervised competition models for each class of generators. We leverage these models to build an interactive system through which we discover better bidding strategies for the given generator using reinforcement learning (RL). We relax several assumptions made in existing works in order to make the problem more relevant to real life. Our MDP formulation enables us to tackle action space explosion in an efficient way. Further, our state formulation enables us to compute optimal actions across all time-steps of the day in parallel. We compare the performance of the proposed RL based bidding agent with the historical real world performance of a generator in a wholesale energy market.
A biochemical signature for rapid recall of memory CD4 T cells (87.41) (2007)

Abstract Mechanisms for the rapid effector responses mediated by memory T cells remain unknown. In this study, we used multiparameter analysis of intracellular signaling and function in naive and memory T cells in vitro and in vivo to determine a biochemical basis for immunological recall. We identify here a striking and specific elevation in expression of the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase in resting memory compared to naive CD4 T cells that is stably maintained independent of protein synthesis, whereas low ZAP-70 expression in naive cells increases with sustained antigenic stimulation requiring new protein synthesis. We demonstrate that ZAP-70 levels control effector function, as specific downregulation of ZAP-70 expression in memory CD4 T cells abrogates rapid effector function, and acquisition of effector function occurs exclusively from activated T cells that have upregulated ZAP-70. Moreover, rapid IFN-γ production from ZAP-70hi memory CD4 T cells occurs via a quantitative bypass in distal signaling in vitro and in vivo, contrasting the increased distal phosphorylation events that precede late IFN-γ production from activated naive CD4 T cells. Our findings reveal a novel biochemical signature imparted to memory CD4 T cells enabling efficient functional coupling through increased ZAP-70 expression and reduced downstream signaling events. This work was supported by NIH AI42092
Learning how to feel again (2012)

Affect influences workplace collaboration and thereby impacts a workplace's productivity. Participants in face-to-face interactions have many cues to each other's affect, but work is increasingly carried out via computer-mediated channels that lack many of these cues. Current presence systems enable users to estimate the availability of other users, but not their affective states or communication preferences. This work demonstrates the feasibility of estimating affective state and communication preferences from a stream of presence states that are already being shared in a deployed presence system.
Comparison of motion-compensated reconstruction with FBP and BPF for circular X-ray tomography: A simulation study (2011)

We present two new approximate variants of motion compensated 3D back-projection filtration (MC-BPF) algorithms for circular cone-beam X-ray tomography in divergent beam geometry. The first one uses differentiation in a single projection (SD), while the second one is based on the Katsevich-type differentiation (KD) involving two neighboring projections. The BPF type algorithms are compared to an approximate 3D motion compensated filtered back-projection (MC-FDK) algorithm investigated earlier. This work is driven by the hypothesis that shading artifacts observed in the approximate 3D MC-FDK algorithm are mitigated by BPF-type algorithms due to a more local correction of the motion. The MC-BPF consists of three steps: (1) short range differentiation filter, (2) motion-compensated backprojection and (3) inverse Hilbert filtering of the DBP. The long range Hilbert filter is applied to the already motion-corrected DBP. In a simulation study using the Forbild thorax phantom with beating heart insert, a slow and a fast acquisition are investigated. The motion-compensated reconstructions for the fast acquisition show almost the same image quality as the reconstructions from the static reference. The motion-compensated reconstructions for the slow acquisition are capable to recover high and medium contrast objects, however artifacts remain especially at the transition edges towards the lungs. Only minor differences in the quality between the MC-FDK, MC-BPF-KD and MC-BPF-SD are observed.
Production and characterization of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate from biodiesel‐glycerol by <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> ATCC 17759 (2009)

Glycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, can be used by bacteria as an inexpensive carbon source for the production of value-added biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759 synthesized poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from glycerol concentrations ranging from 3% to 9% (v/v). Increasing the glycerol concentration results in a gradual reduction of biomass, PHA yield, and molecular mass (M(n) and M(w)) of PHB. The molecular mass of PHB produced utilizing xylose as a carbon source is also decreased by the addition of glycerol as a secondary carbon source dependent on the time and concentration of the addition. (1)H-NMR revealed that molecular masses decreased due to the esterification of glycerol with PHB resulting in chain termination (end-capping). However, melting temperature and glass transition temperature of the end-capped polymers showed no significant difference when compared to the xylose-based PHB. The fermentation was successfully scaled up to 200 L for PHB production and the yield of dry biomass and PHB were 23.6 g/L and 7.4 g/L, respectively.
Rapid identification of Vibrio vulnificus on nonselective media with an alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probe (1993)

An oligonucleotide DNA probe (VVAP) was constructed from a portion of the Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin gene (hylA) sequence and labeled with alkaline phosphatase covalently linked to the DNA. Control and environmental isolates probed with VVAP showed an exact correlation with results obtained with a plasmid DNA probe (derived from pCVD702) previously described as having 100% specificity and sensitivity for this organism. Identification of V. vulnificus strains was confirmed independently by analysis of the cellular fatty acid composition and by API 20E. Naturally occurring V. vulnificus bacteria were detected without enrichment or selective media by VVAP in unseeded oyster homogenates and seawater collected from a single site in Chesapeake Bay during June at concentrations of 6 x 10(2) and 2 x 10(1) bacteria per ml, respectively. V. vulnificus bacteria were also enumerated by VVAP in oysters seeded with known concentrations of bacteria and plated on nonselective medium. The VVAP method provides a rapid, accurate means of identifying and enumerating V. vulnificus in seawater and oysters without the use of selective media or additional biochemical tests.