gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyses of catalytic activity and inhibitor binding of human acid beta-glucosidase by site-directed mutagenesis. Identification of residues critical to catalysis and evidence for causality of two Ashkenazi Jewish Gaucher disease type 1 mutations. (1990)

Analyses of catalytic properties and inhibitor binding were conducted to investigate the molecular basis of active site function of human acid beta-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.45) expressed from normal and Gaucher disease Type 1 alleles. Comparative studies were conducted with enzymes expressed from natural (spleen and fibroblasts) alleles or from mutagenized cDNAs in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells using the baculovirus expression system. Mutant cDNAs containing Thr43 to Lys43 (beta-GlcThr43----Lys) and Asp358 to Glu358 (beta-GlcAsp358----Glu) substitutions and two cDNAs containing Ashkenazi Jewish Gaucher disease Type 1 mutations, Arg120 to Gln120 (beta-GlcArg120----Gln) and Asn370 to Ser370 (beta-GlcAsn370----Ser) were expressed and the gene products characterized by enzymatic, immunologic, and inhibitor studies. Genotypes at the acid beta-glucosidase locus in selected Gaucher disease Type 1 patients were determined by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization of amplified genomic DNA. Compared with normal, recombinant or natural enzymes expressed from beta-GlcAsn370----Ser alleles had about 2-5-fold decreased specific activity based on CRIM (cross-reacting immunologic material). The beta-GlcArg120----Gln cDNA expressed catalytically inactive CRIM in Sf9; consistent with the 9-fold decreased CRIM-specific activity of the natural enzyme from a beta-GlcArg120----Gln/beta-GlcAsn370----Ser genetic compound. The beta-GlcAsp358----Glu cDNA expressed catalytically inactive CRIM in Sf9 cells. The presence of natural or recombinant enzyme expressed from beta-GlcAsn370----Ser alleles was sufficient to confer 3-5-fold increased IC50 values for deoxynojirimycin, glucosylsphingosine, and N-alkyl-glucosylamine derivatives. Progress curves for inhibition by the slow-tight binding N-alkyl-glucosylamines indicated that the beta-Glc-Asn370----Ser mutation did not alter a conformational change induced by these reaction intermediate analogues. These results provide evidence that the beta-GlcArg120----Gln and beta-GlcAsn370----Ser mutations found in Gaucher disease Type 1 patient genomes are the molecular bases of the enzymatic dysfunction. In addition, the region including Arg120 and that encompassing Asp358 and Asn370 contain residues critical to active site formation or participation in the catalytic mechanism.
Virus-Like Particles Containing the Tetrameric Ectodomain of Influenza Matrix Protein 2 and Flagellin Induce Heterosubtypic Protection in Mice (2013)

The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) is highly conserved among influenza A viruses and can be a promising candidate antigen for a broadly cross-protective vaccine. In this study, a tetrameric M2e (tM2e) and a truncated form of flagellin (tFliC) were coincorporated into virus-like particles (VLPs) to enhance its immunogenicity. Our data showed that the majority of M2e in VLPs was presented as tetramers by introducing a foreign tetramerization motif GCN4. Intranasal immunization with tM2e VLPs significantly enhanced the levels of serum IgG and IgG subclasses compared to soluble M2e (sM2e) in mice. tM2e VLPs also induced higher M2e-specific T-cell and mucosal antibody responses, conferring complete protection against homologous influenza virus infection. The immunogenicity of tM2e VLPs was further enhanced by coincorporation of the membrane-anchored tFliC (tM2e chimeric VLPs) or coadministration with tFliC VLPs as a mixture, but not the soluble flagellin, inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses conferring cross-protection against lethal challenge with heterotypic influenza viruses. These results support the development of tM2e chimeric VLPs as universal vaccines and warrant further investigation.
Fabrication of 3-dimensionally shaped Si diaphragm dynamic focusing mirror (2002)

To obtain a dynamic focusing mirror with optically ideal or parabolic deformation, a thin Si diaphragm with a 3-D specific thickness profile has been fabricated by a unique processing method. The specific thickness profile which allows optically ideal deformation is determined by the finite-element method (FEM). The mirror is approximately 10 mm in diameter and 9- mu m in thickness. Its specific profile of the mirror is created by a dry-etching method. Photoresist on a Si substrate is first exposed to a specific energy profile through a mask made by the dither method. The photoresist is then developed to form a specific curved profile which complies with the optical energy profile. The curved profile is transcribed to the Si substrate by dry etching in CF/sub 4//O/sub 2/ plasma. The processed 3-D profile matches the design with less than 2% deviation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research and Implementation on Multi-Agent System for EMS Based on SOAP Communication (2007)

Based on the research of agent and considered IEC 61970 common information model (CIM) as data ontology of energy management system (EMS) region, a multilayer and open type of EMS-oriented multi-agent architecture is presented. The simple object access protocol (SOAP) in prevalent technology of Web Service is adopted to transmit data among agents, and the multi-agent communication mechanism is designed. This architecture can meet the ever-increasing requirements of reliability and interoperability for EMS of new generation, and be suitable for the trend of information interaction in power system via Internet.
Grußwort zur 24. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Biomedizinische Technik vom 19.-21. September 1990 in Berlin (1990)

Article Grußwort zur 24. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Biomedizinische Technik vom 19.-21. September 1990 in Berlin was published on January 1, 1990 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 35, issue 9).
GLP-1R–Targeting Magnetic Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Islet Imaging (2014)

Noninvasive assessment of pancreatic β-cell mass would tremendously aid in managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Toward this goal, we synthesized an exendin-4 conjugated magnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticle probe targeting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is highly expressed on the surface of pancreatic β-cells. In vitro studies in βTC-6, the β-cell line, showed specific accumulation of the targeted probe (termed MN-Ex10-Cy5.5) compared with nontargeted (termed MN-Cy5.5). In vivo magnetic resonance imaging showed a significant transverse relaxation time (T2) shortening in the pancreata of mice injected with the MN-Ex10-Cy5.5 probe compared with control animals injected with the nontargeted probe at 7.5 and 24 h after injection. Furthermore, ΔT2 of the pancreata of prediabetic NOD mice was significantly higher than that of diabetic NOD mice after the injection of MN-Ex10-Cy5.5, indicating the decrease of probe accumulation in these animals due to β-cell loss. Of note, ΔT2 of prediabetic and diabetic NOD mice injected with MN-Cy5.5 was not significantly changed, reflecting the nonspecific mode of accumulation of nontargeted probe. We believe our results point to the potential for using this agent for monitoring the disease development and response of T1D to therapy.
Clinical treatment reverses attentional deficits in congestive heart failure (2001)

CHF is associated with deficits in attention and psychomotor speed. These deficits improve with clinical treatment.
Vehicle Information Exchange Needs for Mobility Applications (2012)

Connected Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) safety applications heavily rely on the BSM, which is one of the messages defined in the Society of Automotive standard J2735, Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary, November 2009. The BSM is broadcast from vehicles over the 5.9 GHz DSRC band. Transmission range is on the order of 1,000 meters. The BSM consists of two parts:\n• BSM Part 1:\n• Contains core data elements, including vehicle position, heading, speed, acceleration, steering wheel angle, and vehicle size\n• It is transmitted at an adjustable rate of about 10 times per second\n• BSM Part 2:\n• Contains a variable set of data elements drawn from an extensive list of optional elements. They are selected based on event triggers, e.g., ABS activated\n• They are added to Part 1 and sent as part of the BSM message, but are transmitted less frequently in order to conserve bandwidth\nThe BSM message includes only current snapshots (with the exception of path data which is itself limited to a few second’s worth of past history data).\nA preliminary assessment of the information that needs to flow to and from vehicles in order to support thirty high priority applications identified by the Dynamic Mobility Applications (DMA) program was conducted to determine the extent to which the Basic Safety Message (BSM) can support those needs. The concepts of operation and system requirements for these DMA applications are still under development. As a result, the findings will undoubtedly change as more information becomes available.\nThe primary findings of the analysis are:\n1. The Basic Safety Message (BSM), with Part 1 transmitted approximately 10 times per second over Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), is useful for a limited subset of mobility applications, but is not solely sufficient for most applications, especially since complete roadway coverage using DSRC has never been envisioned as a feasible option.\n2. A subset of the BSM Part 1 and Part 2 data, if cached, bundled, and sent in another manner (e.g., periodic transmission of both current and history data over cellular networks), adequately provides the vehicle-based information needed for most mobility applications. The major exception is crash-related data to support the MAYDAY application.\n
Positive Assessment of Mill Stream Endosperm Purity Using Chemical Imaging (2013)

Direct measurement of wheat endosperm content, the product of flour milling, is now a reality. The cumulative endosperm mass balance calculated from a series of unit processes provides an overall assessment of separation efficiency, which varies with adjustments made to the operational settings of the individual processing steps. A summation of endosperm concentration multiplied by the flow rates of the individual unit processes is used to calculate the endosperm mass balance. Chemical imaging and endosperm yield are included for 15 product output streams from the Hal Ross flour mill (Kansas State University [KSU]). Results, including cumulative endosperm yield obtained using the new quantitative near infrared (NIR) imaging system are stated in the context of cumulative ash and ferulic acid curves that have been reported previously for two experimental wheats. Cumulative millers' curves from previous large-scale (22 bu) millings on a 23 stream KSU pilot mill were applied for the same two experimental whea...
Indoor Localisation of Humans, Objects, and mobile Robots with RFID Infrastructure (2007)

The need for robust indoor localisation for all types of entities has been under continuous research by the ubiquitous community. Intelligent environments have to be supported with contextual information in order to facilitate intelligent behaviour. These contextual information include the location of humans and objects within the particular environment. Intelligent environments can be living areas with home automation, smart industrial plants, sensor-equipped office areas and indoor-emergency applications. So far technical solutions are either quite expensive or lack of precision for robust usage as components in intelligent service federations. We present rather low-cost localisation systems with great scalability based on active and passive RFID technology to locate humans, mobile service robots and objects of the daily use. The trade-off between technical effort and costs on the one hand and sufficient data accuracy for the application on the other hand is discussed. A motivation of our scenario, the technical concept and solution as well as the implementation and the integration that so far have been performed will be presented. Current prototypes of the proposed system are already being tested in a project aiming on development of smart assisted living environments.
A Serum Protein Profile Predictive of the Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced Breast Cancers (2011)

Prediction of the responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can improve the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer. Genes and proteins predictive of chemoresistance have been extensively studied in breast cancer tissues. However, noninvasive serum biomarkers capable of such prediction have been rarely exploited. Here, we performed profiling of N-glycosylated proteins in serum from fifteen advanced breast cancer patients (ten patients sensitive to and five patients resistant to NACT) to discover serum biomarkers of chemoresistance using a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem MS method. By performing a series of statistical analyses of the proteomic data, we selected thirteen biomarker candidates and tested their differential serum levels by Western blotting in 13 independent samples (eight patients sensitive to and five patients resistant to NACT). Among the candidates, we then selected the final set of six potential serum biomarkers (AHSG, APOB, C3, C9, CP, and ORM1) whose differential expression was confirmed in the independent samples. Finally, we demonstrated that a multivariate classification model using the six proteins could predict responses to NACT and further predict relapse-free survival of patients. In summary, global N-glycoproteome profile in serum revealed a protein pattern predictive of the responses to NACT, which can be further validated in large clinical studies.
Certification of Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide Sterilization Process for Spacecraft Application (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to meet the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) planetary protection microbial reduction requirements for all Mars in-situ life detection and sample return missions, entire planetary spacecraft (including planetary entry probe and planetary landing capsules) may have to be exposed to a qualified sterilization process. Presently, dry heat is the only NASA approved sterilization technique available for spacecraft application. However, with the increasing use of various man-made materials, highly sophisticated electronic circuit boards, and sensors in a modern spacecraft, compatibility issues may render this process unacceptable to design engineers and thus impractical to achieve terminal sterilization of entire spacecraft. An alternative vapor phase hydrogen peroxide sterilization process, which is currently used in various industries, has been selected for further consideration. This paper describes the selection process and research activities JPL is planning to conduct for certification of hydrogen peroxide as a NASA approved technique for sterilization of various spacecraft parts/components and entire modern spacecraft.</div>
Inflammation, a Link between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease (2010)

Obesity, the most common nutritional disorder in industrialized countries, is associated with an increased mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is primarily considered to be a disorder of energy balance, and it has recently been suggested that some forms of obesity are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. The present paper focuses on the current status of our knowledge regarding chronic inflammation, a link between obesity and CVDs, including heart diseases, vascular disease and atherosclerosis. The paper discusses the methods of body fat evaluation in humans, the endocrinology and distribution of adipose tissue in the genders, the pathophysiology of obesity, the relationship among obesity, inflammation, and CVD, and the adipose tissue-derived cytokines known to affect inflammation. Due to space limitations, this paper focuses on C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, chemerin, omentin, vaspin, apelin, and retinol binding protein 4 as adipokines.
A Critical Analysis on the Security Concerns of Internet of Things (IoT) (2015)

Internet of Things (IoT) has been a major research topic for almost a decade now, where physical objects would be interconnected as a result of convergence of various existing technologies. IoT is rapidly developing; however there are uncertainties about its security and privacy which could affect its sustainable development. This paper analyzes the security issues and challenges and provides a well defined security architecture as a confidentiality of the user's privacy and security which could result in its wider adoption by masses.
Immune status of a μ, χ transgenic mouse line. Deficient response to bacterially related antigens (1989)

We have examined the immune repertoire and immune response of a mouse that carries transgenes for a mu heavy chain and kappa light chain. The expression of these genes is under the regulation of their own controlling elements. The transgenes are expressed early in ontogeny and are easily detectable from day 13 of gestation onwards. The pre-B cells seem to function normally as they generate IgM-secreting colonies at normal frequencies. Colonies show predominantly the transgenic specificity. Expression of the transgenes is not limited to B cells since around 10%-20% of peripheral T cells and 50% of thymocytes express the mu transgene as an intracellular protein. Ectopic expression of kappa was not seen. The spleen size of the transgenic mouse is decreased by around 20%; this reduction is largely caused by a reduction of the B cell pool. Almost all B cells express the transgenes, only 30% co-express endogenous heavy chain genes and all co-express endogenous light chain genes. Serum Ig levels for IgM and IgA were normal, 20% of the IgM consist of the transgenic product. Serum IgG levels were decreased. T cell functions (helper and cytotoxic) were normal. Immune responses to conventional antigens were impaired, especially in the early phases of the immune response, but after boosting they were virtually normal, except for IgG3 which remained low. Primary antibody responses to T cell-independent antigens of the class II type (bacterially related antigens) were absent, although precursor frequencies for these antigens were within the expected range. The significance of this finding, as it relates to allelic exclusion of Ig genes, is discussed.
Pathogenesis of rhinitis (2016)

Rhinitis is a heterogeneous condition that has been associated with inflammatory responses as in allergic rhinitis but can also occur in the absence of inflammation such as in so-called idiopathic (previously 'vasomotor') rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis affects approximately one in four of the population of westernized countries and is characterized by typical symptoms of nasal itching, sneezing, watery discharge and congestion. The intention of this review is to illustrate key concepts of the pathogenesis of rhinitis. Imbalance in innate and adaptive immunity together with environmental factors is likely to play major roles. In allergic rhinitis, initial allergen exposure and sensitization involves antigen-presenting cells, T and B lymphocytes and results in the generation of allergen-specific T cells and allergen-specific IgE antibodies. On re-exposure to relevant allergens, cross-linking of IgE on mast cells results in the release of mediators of hypersensitivity such as histamine and immediate nasal symptoms. Within hours, there is an infiltration by inflammatory cells, particularly Th2 T lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils into nasal mucosal tissue that results in the late-phase allergic response. Evidence for nasal priming and whether or not remodelling may be a feature of allergic rhinitis will be reviewed. The occurrence of so-called local allergic rhinitis in the absence of systemic IgE will be discussed. Non-allergic (non-IgE-mediated) rhinitis will be considered in the context of inflammatory and non-inflammatory disorders.
Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanotubes (1999)

Safe, lightweight, and cost-effective materials are required to practically store hydrogen for use in portable fuel cell applications. Compressed hydrogen and on-board hydrocarbon reforming present certain advantages, but their limitations must ultimately render them insufficient. Storage in hydrides and adsorption systems show promise in modeling and experimentation, but a practical medium remains unavailable. Since the earliest report of adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in 1997, a number of controversial publications have claimed the hydrogen capacity of these materials to be between 0.1 to 10 wt. %. However, no study has yet demonstrated a plateau of adsorption with pressure that would verify the reported capacity. A volumetric adsorption measurement instrument was designed and constructed to resolve this controversy. The instrument is capable of degassing samples under high vacuum and offers unprecedented measurements of hydrogen storage up to a pressure of 300 atm and a broad range of temperatures. In addition, an electrical probe within the sample cell was designed to study the mechanism of adsorption in situ. The best hydrogen storage observed on bundles of purified SWNT was 1.6 wt. % at 264 atm and 200 K. At room temperature, a high-pressure plateau was found corresponding to an adsorption of 0.9 wt. % at a pressure of 300 atm, which equates to an adsorption to surface area ratio of 1.14 wt. %/l 000 m2/g. Contrary to the claim by the Caltech Group [Ye et al., 1999], resistance measurements of purified SWNT bundles revealed that bundles do not separate under high pressure. Instead, the bundles were found to compress under the action of external pressure, leading to an increase in conductivity with pressure. A simple geometrical model suggests that without this bundle separation the volume displaced by the sample may counteract the benefit gained by adsorption because of the increase in gas density at high pressure. The isosteric heat of adsorption on SWNT bundles was measured to be between 3.9 and 5.0 kJ/mol at low levels of adsorption, and the activation energy for adsorption determined by the Langmuir model was found to be 1.9 kJ/mol. These low energy parameters are indicative of weak physisorption.
Vertical cavity violet light emitting diode incorporating an aluminum gallium nitride distributed Bragg mirror and a tunnel junction (2001)

We have designed and implemented a vertical cavity violet light emitting diode which features an optical resonator composed of an in situ grown GaN/AlGaN DBR and a high reflectivity dielectric mirror. The active InGaN MQW medium is grown directly atop the AlGaN DBR and the structure includes an intracavity lateral current spreading layer based on a p++/n++ InGaN/GaN tunnel junction. Electroluminescence shows directional emission, with modal linewidths as narrow as 0.6 nm.