gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of tensile loading on the properties of elastic-wave propagation in a strand (1998)

Effects of tensile loading on the properties of longitudinal-mode elastic-wave propagation in a 1.52-cm-diam, seven-wire strand used for prestressed concrete structures were investigated experimentally. In an unloaded state, the wave propagation properties in strand matched those seen in individual wires comprising the strand, namely, straight center wire and helical outer wires. In the strand, however, extraneous signals were found to be produced from the propagating wave due to physical interactions between the adjacent wires. Under tensile loading, it was observed that a certain portion of the frequency components of the wave became highly attenuative and, thus, absent in the frequency spectrum of the wave. The center frequency of this missing portion, called notch frequency, was found to increase linearly with log N, where N is the applied tensile load. In addition, on both sides of the notch frequency, the wave exhibited a large dispersion in a manner similar to the behavior near a cutoff frequency. Possible causes of the observed behavior under tensile loading are discussed.
Low-stiffness silicon cantilevers for thermal writing and piezoresistive readback with the atomic force microscope (1996)

Low-stiffness silicon cantilevers have been developed for proposed data storage devices based on the atomic force microscope, in particular thermomechanical recording. The cantilevers combine a sharp tip with an integrated piezoresistive sensor for data readback from a rotating polycarbonate disk. A novel process was developed to make shallow piezoresistors in cantilevers 1 μm thick, significantly thinner and therefore softer than previously possible. Readback was demonstrated at linear velocities up to 120 mm/s. Separate cantilevers with resistively heated tips were fabricated for writing data marks on polycarbonate, with measured thermal time constants of 30 μs.
The Alula and Its Aerodynamic Effect on Avian Flight (2007)

The alula, a small thumb-like appendage on a bird wing, is often credited with increasing lift and decreasing the risk of stall during bird flight. Using field based studies; researchers have observed that the alula lifts away from the wing at critical moments in flight, such as take-off and landing. However, to date, there has been no conclusive experimental evidence to support the idea that use of the alula affects lift. To determine the effect of the alula on avian flight, we used a wind tunnel to study the wings of four ducks: the Wood Duck (Aix sponsa), the Redhead Duck (Aythya americana), the Black Scoter (Melanitta americana), and the Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis). We used a combination of lift/drag measurements and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to test the wings at velocities from 10–16 m/s and angles of attack from −20 to 25 degrees. The alula was observed to naturally lift as the stall angle was approached. Of the four wings, the Black Scoter demonstrated the largest maximum lift coefficient (1.4), followed by the Wood Duck (1.3), the Lesser Scaup (1.2) and lastly, the Redhead Duck (0.9). All four wings had minimum drag coefficients near 0.1. The Lesser Scaup was the only wing which had a measurable change in lift (10%) attributable to alula deployment. PIV results for the flow field around the Lesser Scaup wing showed higher velocities on the top side of the wing when the alula was deflected.
Carbamazepine and valproate in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. (2002)

Although carbamazepine and valproate have been less well studied in maintenance treatment than lithium, each agent appears to have efficacy in this phase of illness management. However, for many patients, combination therapy may provide better long-term prevention of illness relapse and recurrence.
Fabrication and Testing of a Thin-Film Heat Flux Sensor for a Stirling Convertor (2009)

The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has been testing high-efficiency free-piston Stirling convertors for potential use in radioisotope power systems since 1999. Stirling convertors are being operated for many years to demonstrate a radioisotope power system capable of providing reliable power for potential multiyear missions. Techniques used to monitor the convertors for change in performance include measurements of temperature, pressure, energy addition, and energy rejection. Micro-porous bulk insulation is used in the Stirling convertor test setup to minimize the loss of thermal energy from the electric heat source to the environment. The insulation is characterized before extended operation, enabling correlation of the net thermal energy addition to the convertor. Aging micro-porous bulk insulation changes insulation efficiency, introducing errors in the correlation for net thermal energy addition. A thin-film heat flux sensor was designed and fabricated to directly measure the net thermal energy addition to the Stirling convertor. The fabrication techniques include slipcasting and using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD). One-micron-thick noble metal thermocouples measure temperature on the surface of an alumina ceramic disk and heat flux is calculated. Fabrication, integration, and test results of a thin-film heat flux sensor are presented.
A Skin-attachable Flexible Piezoelectric Pulse Wave Energy Harvester (2014)

We present a flexible piezoelectric generator, capable to harvest energy from human arterial pulse wave on the human wrist. Special features and advantages of the flexible piezoelectric generator include the multi-layer device design with contact windows and the simple fabrication process for the higher flexibility with the better energy harvesting efficiency. We have demonstrated the design effectiveness and the process simplicity of our skin- attachable flexible piezoelectric pulse wave energy harvester, composed of the sensitive P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric layer on the flexible polyimide support layer with windows. We experimentally characterize and demonstrate the energy harvesting capability of 0.2~1.0μW in the Human heart rate range on the skin contact area of 3.71cm2. Additional physiological and/or vital signal monitoring devices can be fabricated and integrated on the skin attachable flexible generator, covered by an insulation layer; thus demonstrating the potentials and advantages of the present device for such applications to the flexible multi-functional selfpowered artificial skins, capable to detect physiological and/or vital signals on Human skin using the energy harvested from arterial pulse waves.
Ein hocheffizienter Katalysator für die Telomerisation von 1,3‐Dienen mit Alkoholen: die erste Synthese eines Monocarbenolefinpalladium( <scp>0</scp> )‐Komplexes (2002)

Industrielle Reaktion verbessert: Der erste Monocarbenolefinpalladium(0)-Komplex wurde isoliert und charakterisiert (siehe Abbildung; Pd orange, N grün, S gelb, O blau). Der Komplex zeigt eine unerwartet hohe Katalysatorproduktivität und Selektivität bei industriell wichtigen Telomerisierungen (die Dimerisierung von 1,3-Dienen in Gegenwart eines Nucleophils, in diesem Fall eines Alkohols).
Leading-Edge Vortices Elevate Lift of Autorotating Plant Seeds (2009)

As they descend, the autorotating seeds of maples and some other trees generate unexpectedly high lift, but how they attain this elevated performance is unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible, we measured the three-dimensional flow around dynamically scaled models of maple and hornbeam seeds. Our results indicate that these seeds attain high lift by generating a stable leading-edge vortex (LEV) as they descend. The compact LEV, which we verified on real specimens, allows maple seeds to remain in the air more effectively than do a variety of nonautorotating seeds. LEVs also explain the high lift generated by hovering insects, bats, and possibly birds, suggesting that the use of LEVs represents a convergent aerodynamic solution in the evolution of flight performance in both animals and plants.
A dynamically-directed switch model for MOS logic simulation (1988)

A model for MOS transistors suitable for logic simulation of VLSI circuits is presented based on the concept of a dynamically directed switch (DDS). In this model, transistors are represented by directed edges in a graph that are capable of changing their direction dynamically. A distributed algorithm for switch-level simulation is presented that is based on an incremental graph algorithm in which edge and vertex labels are updated as a consequence of circuit events. The result is a switch-level algorithm that runs at speeds approaching gate-level logic simulators, while dealing with all the features associated with switch-level simulation: bidirectional signal flow, ratioed logic, RC-tree timing, and correct handling of transistor signal propagation in the presence of unknown signals. The implementation of this algorithm in the Lsim mixed-mode analog and digital simulator is described, and some results and examples are presented. >
Load on Osseointegrated Fixation of a Transfemoral Amputee During a Fall (2010)

Falling represents a health risk for lower limb amputees fitted with an osseointegrated fixation mainly because of the potential damage to the fixation. The purpose of this study was to characterize a real forward fall that occurred inadvertently to a transfemoral amputee fitted with an osseointegrated fixation while attending a gait measurement session to assess the load applied on the residuum. The objective was to analyze the load applied on the fixation with an emphasis on the sequence of events, the pattern and the magnitude of the forces and moments. The load was measured directly at 200 Hz using a six-channel transducer. Complementary video footage was also studied. The fall was divided into four phases: Loading (240 ms), descent (620 ms), impact (365 ms) and recovery (2495 ms). The main impact forces and moments occurred 870 ms and 915 ms after the heel contact, and corresponded to 133% BW and 17 % BWm, or 1.2 and 11.2 times the maximum forces and moments applied during the previous steps of the participant, respectively. This study provided key information to engineers and clinicians facing the challenge to design equipment, and rehabilitation and exercise programs to restore safely the locomotion of lower limb amputees.
Single-Molecule Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Plasma by Microfluidics Digital PCR in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2009)

Abstract Purpose: We aim to develop a digital PCR-based method for the quantitative detection of the two common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (in-frame deletion at exon 19 and L858R at exon 21) in the plasma and tumor tissues of patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancers. These two mutations account for &gt;85% of clinically important EGFR mutations associated with responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Experimental Design: DNA samples were analyzed using a microfluidics system that simultaneously performed 9,180 PCRs at nanoliter scale. A single-mutant DNA molecule in a clinical specimen could be detected and the quantities of mutant and wild-type sequences were precisely determined. Results: Exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation were detectable in 6 (17%) and 9 (26%) of 35 pretreatment plasma samples, respectively. When compared with the sequencing results of the tumor samples, the sensitivity and specificity of plasma EGFR mutation analysis were 92% and 100%, respectively. The plasma concentration of the mutant sequences correlated well with the clinical response. Decreased concentration was observed in all patients with partial or complete clinical remission, whereas persistence of mutation was observed in a patient with cancer progression. In one patient, tyrosine kinase inhibitor was stopped after an initial response and the tumor-associated EGFR mutation reemerged 4 weeks after stopping treatment. Conclusion: The sensitive detection and accurate quantification of low abundance EGFR mutations in tumor tissues and plasma by microfluidics digital PCR would be useful for predicting treatment response, monitoring disease progression and early detection of treatment failure associated with acquired drug resistance.
SQUIDs for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Ultra-low Magnetic Field (2009)

Nuclear magnetic resonance methods are widely used in medicine, chemistry and industry. One application area is magnetic resonance imaging or MRI. It is among the most effective diagnostic tools in medicine. Modern medical MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields. Recently it has become possible to perform NMR and MRI in ultra-low field regime that requires measurement field strengths only of the order of 1 gauss. These ultra-low field techniques exploit the advantages offered by superconducting quantum interference devices or SQUIDs. We describe the world’s first multichannel SQUID-based instruments that are capable of performing ULF MRI for different applications.
Validation of dental X-ray by cytokine RANTES &ndash; comparison of X-ray findings with cytokine overexpression in jawbone (2014)

The data suggest that there is a critical attitude toward the use of 2D-OPG as a sole imaging diagnostic tool for assessing chronic inflammatory processes in the jawbone. Specifically, 2D-OPG is objectively not suitable for depicting FDOJ.
Laser Embossing of Self-Organized Nanostructures into Metal Surfaces by KrF Laser Irradiation (2013)

In the recent decades the importance of nanostructured surfaces has rapidly grown due to the large range of applications of these improved surfaces in the fields of, e.g. optics, biology, and microelectromechanical systems. However, a flexible and low-cost manufacturing process which is suitable for large-scale solid metal surfaces is not introduced yet. Laser microembossing is a nonthermal manufacturing technology which enables the direct fabrication of three-dimensional micro-and nanostructures. In the present study nanostructures with periods down to 82 nm were successfully replicated from a fused silica master mould into a copper foil surface by laser embossing. The replicated structures were examined by atomic force microscopy. The results show that the replicated structures have a high resolution and the shape of the replicated structures is similar to the master mould.
PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELL LIKE RECEIVER FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN VHF-UHF BANDS (2017)

This paper describes the photovoltaic solar cell like receiver for electromagnetic waves in VHF-UHF bands and the application of photovoltaic solar cell in planar antenna structures. The radiating patch element of a planar antenna is replaced by a solar cell. Furthermore radiating slots are built due to the cell spacing in a solar cell array. The original feature of a solar cell (DC current generation) remains, but additionally the solar cell is now able to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves, because the electromagnetic radiation is an important source of interference on the useful signals in the electric and electromagnetic devices.
The Knowledge‐Based Organization: An International Survey (1997)

An international survey, sponsored by the Journal of Knowledge Management in association with the Best Practice Club™ and The Benchmarking Exchange, sought to explore the drivers and approaches to creating knowledge‐based organizations from the viewpoint of those practitioners who are actually responsible for implementing Knowledge Management as a business strategy. Three major conclusions have emerged from the study. Whilst organizations recognize the importance of creating, managing and transferring knowledge, so far they have been unable to translate this competitive need into organizational strategies. Secondly, successful Knowledge Management implementation is mainly linked to “soft” issues, such as organizational culture and people. Finally, most organizations are struggling to effectively use Knowledge Management tools and techniques. The study reveals that although most of the survey group understood the commercial or institutional imperative to implement Knowledge Management as an organizational strategy, few benchmarks of best practice have yet to emerge.
Selective Epitaxial Si/SiGe for V<sub>T</sub> Shift Adjustment in High k pMOS Devices (2006)

This work discusses the influence of the underlying SiGe on the growth kinetics during the deposition of the Si-cap layer. The importance and feasibility of the required process control is demonstrated by charge pumping measurements and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) on pMOS devices. The analysis clearly demonstrates the influence of the Si thickness on the quality of the gate dielectric/channel interface. We also discuss the presence of thermal loading effects, by comparing the growth behavior with and without Si recess prior to the SEG
Control CPR (1999)

The challenge of exploiting high degrees of instruction-level parallelism is often hampered by frequent branching. Both exposed branch latency and low branch throughput can restrict parallelism. Control critical path reduction (control CPR) is a compilation technique to address these problems. Control CPR can reduce the dependence height of critical paths through branch operations as well as decrease the number of executed branches. In this paper, we present an approach to control CPR that recognizes sequences of branches using profiling statistics. The control CPR transformation is applied to the predominant path through this sequence. Our approach, its implementation, and experimental results are presented. This work demonstrates that control CPR enhances instruction-level parallelism for a variety of application programs and improves their performance across a range of processors.
Cloning and overexpression in Escherichia coli of the genes encoding NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from two Sulfolobus species (1996)

The gene adh encoding a NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from the novel strain RC3 of Sulfolobus sp. was cloned and sequenced. Both the adh gene from Sulfolobus sp. strain RC3 and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Sulfolobus solfataricus (DSM 1617) were expressed at a high level in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzymes were purified, characterized, and compared. Only a few amino acid replacements were responsible for the different kinetic and physicochemical features investigated.
Catheter Ablation of the Mitral Isthmus for Ventricular Tachycardia Associated With Inferior Infarction (1995)

The mitral isthmus contains a critical region of slow conduction in some patients with ventricular tachycardia after inferior myocardial infarction, providing a vulnerable and anatomically localized target for catheter ablation. Characteristic tachycardia morphologies may provide clinical markers for this underlying mechanism.
Hydrogen/functionalized benzoquinone for a high-performance regenerative fuel cell as a potential large-scale energy storage platform (2020)

A functionalised benzoquinone redox species is coupled to the hydrogen/proton reaction to achieve a respectable reversible redox fuel cell (RFC).
Characterization of a Synthetic Steroid 24‐keto‐cholest‐5‐en‐3<i>β</i>, 19‐diol as a Neuroprotectant (2015)

Taken together, we identified Diol as a potent neuroprotectant. It may represent a novel and promising neuroprotectant for stroke intervention.
ABO blood groups and isoagglutinins in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1976)

In 45 patients with SLE the frequency of groups B and AB exceeded that of the controls, the difference reaching the double of the standard error. The isoagglutinin titers were quite similar in the two series. There was no association of the disease with the frequency of the secretor type nor with the quantity of group substances or isoagglutinins present in saliva and urine. The isoagglutinin titers in the sera of non-secretors were low.
Design of Two-Dimensional Coils for Wireless Power Transmission to In Vivo Robotic Capsule (2005)

This paper presents a design of two dimensional receiving coils to provide hundreds of milli-watt power via inductive link to in vivo robotic capsules, whose orientation are practically undetermined. The wireless power transmission system consists of a transmitter powered by class E power amplifier, and receiver with 2-dimensional antenna, rectifier, and voltage regulator. Two types of 2-dimensional antennas are designed and evaluated by theoretic and experimental analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed 2-D receiving antenna could deliver the power homogeneously against its orientation, with less than 20% of variation of the possible maximum power.
Vision-Based Road Bump Detection Using a Front-Mounted Car Camcorder (2014)

Advanced vehicle safety is a recently emerging issue, appealed from the rapidly explosive population of car owners. Increasing driver assistance systems have been designed for warning drivers of what should be noticed by analyzing surrounding environments with sensors and/or cameras. As one of the hazard road conditions, road bumps not only damage vehicles but also cause serious danger, especially at night or under poor lighting conditions. In this paper we propose a vision-based road bump detection system using a front-mounted car camcorder, which tends to be widespread deployed. First, the input video is transformed into a time-sliced image, which is a condensed video representation. Consequently, we estimate the vertical motion of the vehicle based on the time-sliced image and infer the existence of road bumps. Once a bump is detected, the location fix obtained from GPS is reported to a central server, so that the other vehicles can receive warnings when approaching the detected bumpy regions. Encouraging experimental results show that the proposed system can detect road bumps efficiently and effectively. It can be expected that traffic security will be significantly promoted through the mutually beneficial mechanism that a driver who is willing to report the bumps he/she meets can receive warnings issued from others as well.
Design and performance of BICM-ID systems with hypercube constellations (2006)

This paper introduces new mappings of QPSK symbols, viewed as a multi-dimensional hypercube, to improve the performance of bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID). By evaluating the upper bound of the bit error rate performance of BICM-ID, a condition to find the best mapping of a hypercube constellation in terms of the asymptotic performance under different channel models is established. A general and simple algorithm to construct the best mapping of a hypercube is then proposed. Analytical and simulation results show that the use of the proposed mappings together with very simple convolutional codes can offer significant coding gains over the conventional BICM-ID systems for all the channel models considered. Such coding gains are achieved without bandwidth or power expansion and with a very small increase in the system complexity.
A new ring transformation of thiazolo(4,5-g)quinazoline 3-oxides into (1,4)thiazino(3,2-g)quinazolines by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. (1986)

1, 3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of thiazolo[4, 5-g]quinazoline 3-oxides with ethyl phenylpropiolate resulted in a ring transformation of the thiazole nucleus to give [1, 4]thiazino[3, 2-g]quinazolines, a new class of heterocycles.