gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth mechanisms of GaN microrods for 3D core–shell LEDs: The influence of silane flow (2015)

The three‐dimensional growth of GaN structures as a basis for the fabrication of 3D GaN core–shell LEDs has attracted substantial attention in the past few years. GaN nanorods or microrods with high aspect ratios can be grown by selective area epitaxy on a GaN buffer through a SiO x mask. It has been found earlier that silane substantially initiates vertical growth, with the exact underlying mechanisms being still unclear. Here, the influence of silane on the 3D GaN column growth was investigated by performing detailed growth experiments in combination with a thorough surface analysis in order to get insight into these mechanisms. The vertical growth rate is significantly enhanced by high silane fluxes, whereas the saturation of growth rate with the time is reduced. Thus, homogenous GaN columns with an aspect ratio of more than 35 could be achieved. A thin Si‐rich layer on the non‐polar m‐plane facets of the columns has been detected using a combination of transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. This layer is suggested to be the reason for the increase in growth rate, modifying the effective collection range of the species along the sidewalls, and preventing the lateral growth.
Cervicocephalic kinaesthesia: reliability of a new test approach (2001)

The new tests were more challenging than relocating the NHP but the reliability of tests relocating uncommon positions was questionable.
Calcium Signalling and Liver Regeneration (2012)

After partial hepatectomy (PH) the initial mass of the organ is restored through a complex network of cellular interactions that orchestrate both proliferative and hepatoprotective signalling cascades. Among agonists involved in this network many of them drive Ca(2+) movements. During liver regeneration in the rat, hepatocyte cytosolic Ca(2+) signalling has been shown on the one hand to be deeply remodelled and on the other hand to enhance progression of hepatocytes through the cell cycle. Mechanisms through which cytosolic Ca(2+) signals impact on hepatocyte cell cycle early after PH are not completely understood, but at least they include regulation of immediate early gene transcription and ERK and CREB phosphorylation. In addition to cytosolic Ca(2+), there is also evidence that mitochondrial Ca(2+) and also nuclear Ca(2+) may be critical for the regulation of liver regeneration. Finally, Ca(2+) movements in hepatocytes, and possibly in other liver cells, not only impact hepatocyte progression in the cell cycle but more generally may regulate cellular homeostasis after PH.
HISTÓRIA DAS RELAÇÕES JUSLABORAIS DO BRASIL DE 1990 A 2010: RUPTURAS, CONTINUIDADES E PROPOSIÇÕES * HISTORY OF THE RELATIONS OF BRAZIL JUSLABORAIS 1990 TO 2010: RUPTURES, CONTINUITIES AND PROPOSALS (2015)

<p><strong>Resumo</strong>: Estudo histórico-crítico sobre o trabalho, a economia e a política, desenvolvido a partir de fontes teóricas da Sociologia do Trabalho e do Direito. Investiga as origens econômicas, políticas e sociais da atual formação do Estado brasileiro, a partir da intrínseca relação existente entre o processo de globalização neoliberal das duas últimas décadas de história recente e a contraditória transformação das relações de trabalho correspondente, própria da natureza capitalista da sociedade contemporânea. Recupera os determinantes da estruturação política e econômica que se evidenciam na passagem dos Governos da década de 1990 para a primeira década dos anos dois mil, de modo a identificar as contradições percebidas na classe trabalhadora.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: História; Relações de Trabalho; Direitos Sociais Trabalhistas.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Historical-critical study of the work, the economy and politics, developed from theoretical sources of Sociology of Work and Law. Investigates the economic, political and social origins of the current formation of the Brazilian State, from the intrinsic relationship between the process of neoliberal globalization in the last two decades of recent history and the contradictory transformation of labor relations correspondent, own the capitalist nature of society contemporary. Retrieves the determinants of political and economic structure that are evident in the passage of the Governments of the 1990s to the first decade of two thousand years, to identify the perceived contradictions in the working class.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: History; Labor; Labor Social Rights.</p>
Real time infrared image enhancement (2012)

This study evaluates the implementation of Balanced Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (BCLAHE) for infrared images (IR) on an embedded platform. The aim was to achieve real time performance for the operator display target application. The system configured for this aim is a dual processor media application device OMAP3530, which consists of an ARM and a DSP processor. System is configured so that hardware sources are used efficiently and various performance improvement techniques are investigated. Performance analysis is done over IR images with different dynamic range.
Increased Brain Size and Cellular Content in Infant Rats Treated with an Opiate Antagonist (1983)

From birth to day 21, rat offspring received daily injections of naltrexone at a dosage that blocked morphine-induced analgesia 24 hours a day. At 21 days, body, brain, and cerebellar weights of naltrexone-injected animals were 18, 11, and 5 percent greater than corresponding control weights. In addition, morphometric analysis of the cerebrum revealed a somatosensory cortex that was 18 percent thicker than that of the controls. The cerebellum of naltrexone-treated rats was 41 percent larger in total area and contained at least 70 percent more glial cells and 30 percent more granule neurons. Neurons derived prenatally were unaffected by drug treatment. These results show that naltrexone can stimulate body and brain growth in rats and suggest a role for the endorphin and opiate receptor system in development.
Design and Implementation of a Fast Dynamic Control Scheme for Capacitor-Supported Dynamic Voltage Restorers (2008)

This paper presents a fast dynamic control scheme for capacitor-supported single-phase dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) for inductive loads. The scheme consists of two main control loops as inner and outer loops. The inner loop is used to dictate the gate signals for the switches in the DVR. It is based on the boundary control method with the second-order switching surface. The load voltage can ideally be reverted to the steady state in two switching actions during a supply voltage dip. The outer loop is used to generate the DVR output reference for the inner loop. It has three control modes for achieving two different functions, including the output regulation and output restoration. The first mode is for regulating the capacitor voltage on the dc side of the inverter, so that the output of the DVR is regulated at the nominal voltage. The second mode is for restoring the output with the near minimum energy injection by the DVR during a voltage dip. The third mode is in maximum voltage injection and will be activated when the capacitor voltage is reduced to a level that starts distorting the output voltage in the second mode. The mode boundaries will be derived in this paper. By studying the small-signal characteristics of the control loops, a set of design procedures will be derived. A 500 VA, 110 V, 60 Hz prototype has been built and tested with nonlinear inductive loads. The dynamic behaviors of the prototype under different voltage dip depths will be investigated.
Sketch Algorithms for Estimating Point Queries in NLP (2012)

Many NLP tasks rely on accurate statis-tics from large corpora. Tracking com-plete statistics is memory intensive, so recent work has proposed using compact approx-imate “sketches ” of frequency distributions. We describe 10 sketch methods, including ex-isting and novel variants. We compare and study the errors (over-estimation and under-estimation) made by the sketches. We evaluate several sketches on three important NLP prob-lems. Our experiments show that one sketch performs best for all the three tasks. 1
A method of tip-sample distance control based on electrostatic force in maskless microplasma scanning etching (2011)

In cantilever-based microplasma etching system proposed by our group, the controlling of tip-sample distance is important for maskless canning etching. This paper presents a tip-sample controlling method based on electrostatic force. Theoretical model to calculate the electrostatic force between the conductive probe and the sample is established. The relationship of the electrostatic force and the tip-sample distance under different bias voltages is investigated by experiments based on AFM. Both the theory and experiments prove that this electrostatic force is feasible for maskless scanning plasma etching with the etching distance of 1–2µm.
Polymeric Nanoparticles with Encapsulated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide and Conjugated Cisplatin for Potential Bladder Cancer Therapy (2012)

Amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(propargyl methacrylate-click-mercaptosuccinic acid-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PCL-b-P(PMA-click-MSA-co-PEGMA)) were synthesized by a combination of ring-opening polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and thiol-yne "click" reaction. The hydrophobic PCL core can be used to load superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), while the pendant dicarboxylic groups in the hydrophilic shell are used to coordinate cisplatin. These SPIONs-loaded, cisplatin-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (Pt–Fe–PNs) are superparamagnetic at room temperature and are mucoadhesive. Release of cisplatin from Pt–Fe–PNs in artificial urine at 37 °C was characterized by an initial burst release with a release of ∼30% of the cisplatin in the first 4 h followed by a slow sustained release over 4 days. The cisplatin release can be further enhanced by increasing the temperature. These Pt–Fe–PNs can effectively induce cytotoxicity against UMUC3 bladder cancer cells with IC50 of 32.3 μM. These results indicate that Pt–Fe–PNs is potentially a promising cisplatin delivery vehicle which can be combined with SPIONs-induced hyperthermia for bladder cancer therapy.
A data-oriented survey of context models (2007)

Context-aware systems are pervading everyday life, therefore context modeling is becoming a relevant issue and an expanding research field. This survey has the goal to provide a comprehensive evaluation framework, allowing application designers to compare context models with respect to a given target application; in particular we stress the analysis of those features which are relevant for the problem of data tailoring. The contribution of this paper is twofold: a general analysis framework for context models and an up-to-date comparison of the most interesting, data-oriented approaches available in the literature.
Simplified ray tracing in cylindrical systems (1982)

A simplified method of ray tracing in cylindrical optical systems of arbitrary cross section is described. The technique involves the projection of a ray's path onto a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the axis of translational symmetry. It is shown that this projected path obeys a generalized form of Snell's law, enabling application of conventional 2-D ray tracing methods. The approach is illustrated by demonstrating the optical characteristics of the recently patented prism light guide.
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE FLOW CONTROL BY SWIMMING FISHES AND MAMMALS (2005)

What mechanisms of flow control do animals use to enhance hydrodynamic performance? Animals are capable of manipulating flow around the body and appendages both passively and actively. Passive mechanisms rely on structural and morphological components of the body (i.e., humpback whale tubercles, riblets). Active flow control mechanisms use appendage or body musculature to directly generate wake flow structures or stiffen fins against external hydrodynamic loads. Fish can actively control fin curvature, displacement, and area. The vortex wake shed by the tail differs between eel-like fishes and fishes with a discrete narrowing of the body in front of the tail, and three-dimensional effects may play a major role in determining wake structure in most fishes.
<i>In vitro</i> osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells encapsulated in biodegradable hydrogels (2004)

Novel hydrogel materials based on oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) crosslinked with a redox radical initiation system were recently developed in our laboratory as injectable cell carriers for orthopedic tissue engineering applications. The effect of OPF hydrogel material properties on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) with and without the presence of osteogenic supplements (dexamethasone) was investigated. Two OPF formulations that resulted in hydrogels with different swelling properties were used to encapsulate rat MSCs (seeding density approximately 13 million cells/mL, samples 6 mm diameter x 0.5 mm thick before swelling) and osteogenic differentiation in these constructs over 28 days in vitro was determined via histology and biochemical assays for alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and calcium. Evidence of MSC differentiation was apparent over the culture period for samples without dexamethasone, but there was large variability in calcium production between constructs using cells of the same source. Differentiation was also seen in samples cultured with osteogenic supplements, but calcium deposition varied depending on the source pool of MSCs. By day 28, osteopontin and calcium results suggested that, in the presence of dexamethasone, OPF hydrogels with greater swelling promoted embedded MSC differentiation over those that swelled less (43.7 +/- 16.5 microg calcium/sample and 16.4 +/- 2.8 microg calcium/sample, respectively). In histological sections, mineralized areas were apparent in all sample types many microns away from the cells. These experiments indicate that OPF hydrogels are promising materials for use as injectable MSC carriers and that hydrogel swelling properties can influence osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated progenitor cells.
Fossil floras of Kutch- Part VI. Jurassic dinoflagellates (1986)

Fossil dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs have been reported and described from the various members of the Jhuran Formation exposed at a number of localities in the Kutch Basin. The assemblage comprises 31 species referable to 24 genera. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative analyses the age of the dinoflagellate assemblage has been concluded to be Upper Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian, probably extending up to Pectinatites pectinatus zone.
Ferroelectric thin films: Review of materials, properties, and applications (2006)

An overview of the state of art in ferroelectric thin films is presented. First, we review applications: microsystems’ applications, applications in high frequency electronics, and memories based on ferroelectric materials. The second section deals with materials, structure (domains, in particular), and size effects. Properties of thin films that are important for applications are then addressed: polarization reversal and properties related to the reliability of ferroelectric memories, piezoelectric nonlinearity of ferroelectric films which is relevant to microsystems’ applications, and permittivity and loss in ferroelectric films—important in all applications and essential in high frequency devices. In the context of properties we also discuss nanoscale probing of ferroelectrics. Finally, we comment on two important emerging topics: multiferroic materials and ferroelectric one-dimensional nanostructures.
A Comparison of Classical Force-Fields for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Lubricants (2016)

For the successful development and application of lubricants, a full understanding of their complex nanoscale behavior under a wide range of external conditions is required, but this is difficult to obtain experimentally. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations can be used to yield unique insights into the atomic-scale structure and friction of lubricants and additives; however, the accuracy of the results depend on the chosen force-field. In this study, we demonstrate that the use of an accurate, all-atom force-field is critical in order to; (i) accurately predict important properties of long-chain, linear molecules; and (ii) reproduce experimental friction behavior of multi-component tribological systems. In particular, we focus on <i>n</i>-hexadecane, an important model lubricant with a wide range of industrial applications. Moreover, simulating conditions common in tribological systems, i.e., high temperatures and pressures (HTHP), allows the limits of the selected force-fields to be tested. In the first section, a large number of united-atom and all-atom force-fields are benchmarked in terms of their density and viscosity prediction accuracy of <i>n</i>-hexadecane using equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations at ambient and HTHP conditions. Whilst united-atom force-fields accurately reproduce experimental density, the viscosity is significantly under-predicted compared to all-atom force-fields and experiments. Moreover, some all-atom force-fields yield elevated melting points, leading to significant overestimation of both the density and viscosity. In the second section, the most accurate united-atom and all-atom force-field are compared in confined NEMD simulations which probe the structure and friction of stearic acid adsorbed on iron oxide and separated by a thin layer of <i>n</i>-hexadecane. The united-atom force-field provides an accurate representation of the structure of the confined stearic acid film; however, friction coefficients are consistently under-predicted and the friction-coverage and friction-velocity behavior deviates from that observed using all-atom force-fields and experimentally. This has important implications regarding force-field selection for NEMD simulations of systems containing long-chain, linear molecules; specifically, it is recommended that accurate all-atom potentials, such as L-OPLS-AA, are employed.
Estimators Using Noisy Channel Samples for Fading Distribution Parameters (2005)

The problem of estimating parameters of two main fading distributions, Ricean and Nakagami-m, is considered. Unlike most previous estimators which are designed to use samples from a noiseless channel, new estimators which use noise-corrupted samples are proposed. Both maximum-likelihood designs and moment-based designs are considered. The performances of the new estimators are examined and compared with those of previous estimators derived in the literature. Numerical results show the superiority of the new estimators for operation in noisy channels.
A universal circuit for studying and generating chaos. I. Routes to chaos (1993)

In this introductory tutorial paper, we demonstrate the generality of Chua's oscillator in generating chaos and bifurcation phenomena by electronic laboratory experiments which illustrate the standard routes to chaos, and by giving a result which shows that Chua's oscillator can generate the same qualitative behavior as any member of a 21-parameter family C of continuous, odd-symmetric, piecewise-linear vector field in R/sup 3/. This result is of fundamental importance because it unifies many previously published papers on chaotic circuits and systems under one umbrella, thereby obviating the need to analyze these circuits and systems as separate and unrelated systems. Indeed, every bifurcation and chaotic phenomena exhibited by any member of the family C is also exhibited by this universal circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Enteric Nervous System: A Second Brain (1999)

Once dismissed as a simple collection of relay ganglia, the enteric nervous system is now recognized as a complex, integrative brain in its own right. Although we still are unable to relate complex behaviors such as gut motility and secretion to the activity of individual neurons, work in that area is proceeding briskly--and will lead to rapid advances in the management of functional bowel disease.
Contributions of the Brain Angiotensin IV–AT<sub>4</sub>Receptor Subtype System to Spatial Learning (1999)

The development of navigational strategies to solve spatial problems appears to be dependent on an intact hippocampal formation. The circular water maze task requires the animal to use extramaze spatial cues to locate a pedestal positioned just below the surface of the water. Presently, we investigated the role of a recently discovered brain angiotensin receptor subtype (AT4) in the acquisition of this spatial learning task. The AT4 receptor subtype is activated by angiotensin IV (AngIV) rather than angiotensins II or III, as documented for the AT1 and AT2 receptor subtypes, and is heavily distributed in the CA1-CA3 fields of the hippocampus. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of a newly synthesized AT4 agonist (Norleucine1-AngIV) via osmotic pump facilitated the rate of acquisition to solve this task, whereas treatment with an AT4 receptor antagonist (Divalinal) significantly interfered with the acquisition of successful search strategies. Animals prepared with bilateral knife cuts of the perforant path, a major afferent hippocampal fiber bundle originating in the entorhinal cortex, displayed deficits in solving this task. This performance deficit could be reversed with acute intracerebroventricular infusion of a second AT4 receptor agonist (Norleucinal). These results suggest that the brain AngIV-AT4 system plays a role in the formation of spatial search strategies and memories. Further, application of an AT4 receptor agonist compensated for spatial memory deficits in performance accompanying perforant path knife cuts. Possible mechanisms underlying this compensatory effect are discussed.
Accuracy and Resource Estimations for Quantum Chemistry on a Near-Term Quantum Computer (2019)

One of the most important application areas of molecular quantum chemistry is the study and prediction of chemical reactivity. Large-scale, fully error-tolerant quantum computers could provide exact or near-exact solutions to the underlying electronic structure problem with exponentially less effort than a classical computer thus enabling highly accurate predictions for comparably large molecular systems. In the nearer future, however, only "noisy" devices with a limited number of qubits that are subject to decoherence will be available. For such near-term quantum computers the hybrid quantum-classical variational quantum eigensolver algorithm in combination with the unitary coupled-cluster <i>ansatz</i> (UCCSD-VQE) [ Peruzzo et al. <i>Nat. Commun.</i> 2014 , 5 , 4213 and McClean et al. <i>New J. Phys.</i> 2016 , 18 , 023023 ] has become an intensively discussed approach that could provide accurate results before the dawn of error-tolerant quantum computing. In this work we present an implementation of UCCSD-VQE that allows for the first time to treat both open- and closed-shell molecules. We study the accuracy of the obtained energies for nine small molecular systems as well as for four exemplary chemical reactions by comparing to well-established electronic structure methods like (nonunitary) coupled-cluster and density functional theory. Finally, we roughly estimate the required quantum hardware resources to obtain "useful" results for practical purposes.