gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low cost multi-channel GPS receiver (2003)

An investigation was conducted on compact, multichannel GPS (global positioning system) receivers. The code generator and correlation equipment were simplified, attempting to avoid downgrading the properties possessed by multichannel receivers as much as possible, and the error-increasing factors caused by such modification were examined. As a means of simplifying the receiver hardware, phases with a unit of 1/8 chip were established in the code generator. Each channel was provided with a circuit for determining correlation, and the phase differences of the carrier and the code were measured by time division. It was confirmed that sufficient accuracy of measurement can be obtained even if such simplification is carried out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast byte-granularity software fault isolation (2009)

Bugs in kernel extensions remain one of the main causes of poor operating system reliability despite proposed techniques that isolate extensions in separate protection domains to contain faults. We believe that previous fault isolation techniques are not widely used because they cannot isolate existing kernel extensions with low overhead on standard hardware. This is a hard problem because these extensions communicate with the kernel using a complex interface and they communicate frequently. We present BGI (Byte-Granularity Isolation), a new software fault isolation technique that addresses this problem. BGI uses efficient byte-granularity memory protection to isolate kernel extensions in separate protection domains that share the same address space. BGI ensures type safety for kernel objects and it can detect common types of errors inside domains. Our results show that BGI is practical: it can isolate Windows drivers without requiring changes to the source code and it introduces a CPU overhead between 0 and 16%. BGI can also find bugs during driver testing. We found 28 new bugs in widely used Windows drivers.
Construction of an excretion vector: Extracellular production of<i>Aeromonas</i>xylanase and<i>Bacillus</i>cellulases by<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1986)

A new cloning vehicle, pEAP37 was constructed to develop the excretion system of Escherichia coll.This plasmid, derived from pEAP1, carried the penicillinase gene from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene from pBR329 as selective markers.The Bacillus N-4 cellulase gene, Bacillus 1139 cellulase gene and Aeromonas sp.212 xylanase L gene was inserted into pEAP37, and the distribution of the plasmid-encoded enzymes was analyzed.Most of these enzyme activities were found in the periplasmic space of E. coli when these extracellular enzyme genes were inserted into pBR322.On the other hand, most of these activities were observed in the culture medium when inserted into pEAP37.
Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy of High Optical Quality MgZnO Films on Zn-polar ZnO Substrates (2008)

The excellent structural and optical properties of pseudomorphic MgxZn1-xO films (0≤x≤0.39) are reported in this work. The MgxZn1-xO films were grown on Zn-polar ZnO substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Those MgxZn1-xO films for which x≤0.18 exhibited atomically flat surfaces, and the typical full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) value of the (0002) X-ray diffraction ω-rocking curves for these films was 35 arcsec. The FWHM values were less than 100 meV for the near-band-edge photoluminescence (PL) at 300 K. We observed PL lifetimes of the order of ns, and the longest fast-decay component reached 3.5 ns for the Mg0.12Zn0.88O alloy.
Soybeans as a Phytochemical Reservoir for the Production and Stabilization of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

The present study demonstrates an unprecedented green process for the production of gold nanoparticles by simple treatment of gold salts with soybean extracts. Reduction capabilities of antioxidant phytochemicals present in soybean and their ability to reduce gold salts chemically to nanoparticles with subsequent coating of proteins and a host of other phytochemicals present in soybean on the freshly generated gold nanoparticles are discussed. The new genre of green nanoparticles exhibit remarkable in vitro stability in various buffers including saline, histidine, HSA, and cysteine solutions. MTT assays reveal that the green gold nanoparticles are nontoxic and thus provide excellent opportunities for their applications in nanomedicine for molecular imaging and therapy. The overall strategy described herein for the generation of gold nanoparticles meets all 12 principles of green chemistry, as no "man-made" chemicals, other than the gold salts, are used in the green nanotechnological process.
Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps (2009)

Color rendition vectors of 1269 spectrophotometrically characterized test samples of the Munsell palette were analyzed for common solid-state and fluorescent lamps with respect to reference illuminants. The vectors were individually normalized to the size of color discrimination shapes obtained from the known data of just perceived differences of chromaticity and luminance. Based on the analysis performed, we categorized the rendered colors into three groups-colors rendered with high fidelity, colors rendered with increased saturation, and those rendered with distorted hue-and introduced three corresponding indexes to assess the color quality of light sources. In combination with the correlated color temperature, these indexes, which represent important color quality characteristics of white light, constitute a simple 4-D metric for an advanced rating of illumination-grade lamps.
A new serogroup (L) of Neisseria meningitidis (1983)

A strain of neisseria meningitidis (LCDC 78189) isolated from the mother of a 3-year-old male with meningococcal meningitis was found to be antigenically distinct from the known serogroups A, B, C, D, H, I, K, X, Y, Z, 29E, and W135; it was designated serogroup L. Anti-78189 serum specifically agglutinated the homologous strain and three other strains which were isolated from the father and two other contacts of the child. Only those strains isolated from the contacts produced immunoprecipitates with the anti-78189 serum by the antiserum-agar method. A structurally unique capsular polysaccharide which was obtained from strain 78189 in a highly purified state was demonstrated to be the antigen responsible for the serological properties of the strain. The polysaccharide formed a precipitin band with the anti-78189 serum but not with the meningococcal grouping sera, and it was also able to absorb both the agglutinating and precipitating activity from the anti-78189 serum.
Synthesis of 4‐oxo‐4<i>H</i>‐quino[2,3,4‐<i>i,j</i>][1,4]‐benoxazine‐5‐carboxylic acid derivatives (1987)

Abstract The synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1‐substituted amino‐2‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐4H‐quino[2,3,4‐i,j][1,4]benox‐azine‐5‐carboxylic acid derivatives is described. Key steps in the synthesis include carbon homologation and two intramolecular nucleophilic displacement cyclization reactions to generate the 4‐oxo‐4H‐quino[2,3,4‐i,j]‐[1,4]benoxazine‐5‐carboxylic acid nucleus.
Effect of Recompression on Attacking JPEG Steganographic Schemes An Experimental Study (2007)

In the implementation of a few JPEG steganographic schemes such as OutGuess and F5, an additional JPEG compression may take place before data embedding. The effect of this recompression on the performances of steganalyzers is experimentally studied and reported in this paper. Through a group of carefully designed experimental works, we show that the training and testing procedures adopted in classification are of great importance. An improper training and testing procedure may lead to poor steganalysis performance even for a powerful steganalyzer or an accurate performance comparison. Some other informative observations are presented in the paper as well.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid) Produced by RAFT Polymerization. Application as a Very Efficient Dispersant of CaCO<sub>3</sub>, Kaolin, and TiO<sub>2</sub> (2003)

Poly(acrylic acid), PAA, was prepared by controlled radical polymerization with reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer. Using trithiocarbonic acid dibenzyl ester, 1, and trithiocarbonic acid bis(1-phenylethyl) ester, 2, as chain transfer agents (CTA), the polymerization is controlled for low ratios [AA]:[CTA]. At higher ratios, the polymerization is plagued by transfer to solvent. Transfer to polymer is also detected at high conversion, as shown by the presence of branches in NMR spectroscopy. In its neutralized form, PAA chains are not all terminated by a thiol end group, as shown by elemental analysis, thiol titration, and MALDI TOF MS. Finally, dispersion of CaCO3, kaolin, and TiO2 using these PAA reveals that the dispersion characteristics are significantly improved using low-polydispersity PAA.
High-Density Interconnects For Electronic Packaging (1988)

High-density interconnect (HDI) is a unique, novel, hybrid approach currently in the development stages at the GE Research and Development Center. Our approach uses polymer layer overlays laminated over bare chips mounted on a substrate. The over-lays are laser-patterned with copper to connect the chips and I/O. The advantages of the HDI hybrid approach can be summarized as follows: •The overlay layer makes the entire chip area available for interconnect lines. •The interconnect has very high density: 2-mil pitch has been demonstrated. •Via and line formation are under computer control. Thus, no patterning mask is used. Chip misalignment is accommodated by computer-adaptive writing. •Copper is the conductor metallization. •The chips can be almost touching. •The interconnect technology accommodates any chip size and mixed chip technologies. •The process is ideal for prototype or moderate volume production. •The overlay can be removed and replaced without chip damage. •Chips are mounted directly on the substrate for good heat dissipation.
Ranking with multiple hyperplanes (2007)

The central problem for many applications in Information Retrieval is ranking and learning to rank is considered as a promising approach for addressing the issue. Ranking SVM, for example, is a state-of-the-art method for learning to rank and has been empirically demonstrated to be effective. In this paper, we study the issue of learning to rank, particularly the approach of using SVM techniques to perform the task. We point out that although Ranking SVM is advantageous, it still has shortcomings. Ranking SVM employs a single hyperplane in the feature space as the model for ranking, which is too simple to tackle complex ranking problems. Furthermore, the training of Ranking SVM is also computationally costly. In this paper, we look at an alternative approach to Ranking SVM, which we call "Multiple Hyperplane Ranker" (MHR), and make comparisons between the two approaches. MHR takes the divide-and-conquer strategy. It employs multiple hyperplanes to rank instances and finally aggregates the ranking results given by the hyperplanes. MHR contains Ranking SVM as a special case, and MHR can overcome the shortcomings which Ranking SVM suffers from. Experimental results on two information retrieval datasets show that MHR can outperform Ranking SVM in ranking.
Feasibility of a Chemical Microsensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance on Fiber Optics Modified by Multilayer Vapor Deposition (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFeasibility of a Chemical Microsensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance on Fiber Optics Modified by Multilayer Vapor DepositionWilliam J. H. Bender, Raymond E. Dessy, Mark S. Miller, and Richard O. ClausCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 7, 963–970Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00079a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00079a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wide-field high-resolution structured illumination solid immersion fluorescence microscopy (2011)

The use of aplanatic solid immersion lenses (ASILs) made of high-refractive-index optical materials provides a route to wide-field high-resolution optical microscopy. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) can double the spatial bandwidth of a microscope to also achieve high-resolution imaging. We investigate the combination of ASILs and SIM in fluorescence microscopy, which we call structured illumination solid immersion fluorescence microscopy (SISIM), to pursue a microscopic system with very large NA and high lateral resolution. We demonstrate that the combination can produce a wide-field high-resolution microscopic system with bandwidth corresponding to an NA of 3. Future developments of the SISIM system to make it achieve even higher resolution are proposed.
Leukotoxin production by Fusobacterium necrophorum biotypes (1990)

Fusobacterium necrophorum biotypes A and B were grown anaerobically to detect their leukotoxin production. Both biotypes exerted the highest leukotoxic effect on bovine leukocytes in the late logarithmic and early stationary growth places. Biotype A produced more leukotoxin than biotype B throughout all phases of bacterial growth. Results are consistent with the findings that biotype A is more virulent than biotype B.
Comonomer distribution effect on the ageing behavior of ethylene-propylene random copolymers (2018)

Ethylene-propylene random copolymers (EP-RACOs) of high flowability resp. melt flow rate (MFR) are important polymers for advanced thin-wall packaging articles. As impact strength retention over time is an important success factor here, two series of EP-RACOs based on different types of Ziegler-Natta catalysts (ZNC) were studied in ageing at ambient temperature. Through a combination of comonomer distribution and selective nucleation, the γ-phase content and consequently the long-term stability of injection molded parts can be improved significantly.
Analyzing Sequences of Airspace States to Detect Anomalous Traffic Conditions (2021)

The ADS-B system serves as a replacement for the current radar-based air traffic control systems. Although much effort and resources have been invested in designing and developing the ADS-B system, it is well known for its lack of security mechanisms. Previously suggested approaches for securing the ADS-B system are considered impractical because of the cost and time involved in modifying the system, and given the fact that it is already deployed in most aircraft and ground stations worldwide. In this article, we propose a software-based security solution for detecting anomalous traffic conditions, which does not require any modification of the current system architecture or the addition of external sensors. In order to identify nonlegitimate ADS-B messages, our approach utilizes a stacked-LSTM encoder–decoder model that learns the flight patterns of aircraft in a monitored aerial region. We evaluated our model against common attack patterns injected into six datasets containing real ADS-B data, and we compared our proposed model with commonly used online, unsupervised models. The results of the experiments showed that our method is able to accurately and efficiently detect all of the injected attacks. Moreover, we examined our model’s performance on a real flight that deviated from its planned route and confirmed that our method was capable of accurately detecting the anomaly.
In vivo resonant Raman measurement of macular carotenoid pigments in the young and the aging human retina (2002)

We have used resonant Raman scattering spectroscopy as a novel, noninvasive, in vivo optical technique to measure the concentration of the macular carotenoid pigments lutein and zeaxanthin in the living human retina of young and elderly adults. Using a backscattering geometry and resonant molecular excitation in the visible wavelength range, we measure the Raman signals originating from the single- and double-bond stretch vibrations of the pi-conjugated molecule's carbon backbone. The Raman signals scale linearly with carotenoid content, and the required laser excitation is well below safety limits for macular exposure. Furthermore, the signals decline significantly with increasing age in normal eyes. The Raman technique is objective and quantitative and may lead to a new method for rapid screening of carotenoid pigment levels in large populations at risk for vision loss from age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in the United States.
Abstract 5059: High-throughput monitoring of proteoforms and pathways through multiplexed and customizable mass spectrometry assay panels (2023)

Abstract Proteins represent a key class of analytes in pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis, an essential component in preclinical and clinical studies which inform about a biological system’s response to drug treatment. Pharmacodynamic signatures typically comprise target engagement marker and downstream pathway markers. With recent development in targeted therapies and novel therapeutic modalities such as protein degraders, the scope of PD has widened to cover predictive and stratification biomarkers which can inform patient selection and contribute to further understanding of potential drug resistance. Using peptides as surrogate for proteins of interest, mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach alleviates the barriers of reagent specificity of antibody-based methods which can be affected by species and matrices used in preclinical drug development. Moreover, the use of stable-isotope labeled standard (SIS) reference peptides grants targeted MS assays unraveled specificity and the ability to determine absolute quantity of a given analyte. Harnessing the power of targeted MS, we present an oncology-focused assay repository which contains 804 peptides corresponding to 582 proteins. All 804 peptide surrogates were chosen under strict selection criteria such as uniqueness/proteotypicity and stability. Off-the-shelf availability (PQ500 kit) of SIS reference peptides for all 582 proteins facilitates the deployment of any of these assays in a plug-and-play manner. The collection of 582 protein targets cover &gt; 180 cellular pathways (Reactome pathways e.g. cytokine signaling, cell-cell communication, activation of matrix metalloproteinases) together with 49 FDA-approved drug targets. To further evaluate the performance of these assays, we carried out a case control study comprising plasma samples from 5 patient groups (lung, colorectal, pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer) and age and gender-matched healthy subjects. In total, we measured absolute quantities of 582 proteins across 180 plasma samples while validating the expression profiles of well-characterized biomarkers in patient plasma. To conclude, we’ve demonstrated the application of targeted MS approach for the routine analysis of pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Its multiplexing capability, together with the adaptability to various species allow this method to maneuver through preclinical and clinical scenarios. Citation Format: Sebastian Müller, Véronique Laforte, Simonas Savickas, Maik Müller, Yuehan Feng, Lukas Reiter. High-throughput monitoring of proteoforms and pathways through multiplexed and customizable mass spectrometry assay panels. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5059.
The Formation of Gaseous Products and its Relation to Pulp Bleaching During the Peracetic Acid Treatment (1998)

Abstract When used in pulp bleaching, peracetic acid is consumed by two competitive pathways: oxidation of pulp and wasteful reactions such as decomposition. In this paper, the peracetic acid consumed in wasteful reactions is quantified by determining the gaseous products evolved. It is found that although carbon dioxide is formed under certain conditions, oxygen is the dominant product of the wasteful reactions. The oxygen formation is directly proportional to the consumption of oxidants (as peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide) in the wasteful reactions with 2 moles of oxidant consumed per mole of oxygen formed. Therefore, the brightening efficiency during peracetic acid treatment can be characterized by correcting the measured peracetic acid consumption for decomposition. The peracetic acid brightening results for an oxygen delignified softwood kraft pulp are reported. It is found that a significant amount of peracetic acid is consumed by the wasteful reactions during the brightening. The effect of process parameters on the peracetic acid brightening efficiency is determined. It is shown for an oxygen delignified softwood kraft pulp that there is a unique relationship between pulp brightness gain and peracetic acid consumption due to the pulp oxidation irrespective of the brightening conditions.
New Slow-Releasing Molybdenum Fertilizer (2008)

This paper describes a new water-insoluble molybdenum compound that has been developed as a slow-release fertilizer. The compound is an inorganic polymer formed by inclusion of molybdenum within a long-chain polyphosphate structure. It was designed by a process of "reverse engineering" of the molecule. Synthesis involved reaction of phosphoric acid with magnesium oxide, molybdenum trioxide, and sodium carbonate at 275 degrees C. Kinetics of reaction revealed complex multistage processes. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a crystalline nature with short-range as well as long-range ordering. The magnesium sodium polymolybdophosphate had ideal slow-release characteristics; it had low water solubility and high citrate solubility and was powdery, free flowing, and nonhygroscopic. Field testing showed an 80% increase in yield of green gram at a low dose of 0.04 kg/ha Mo. Nodulation increased by over 161%, and N content of gram increased by 20%. The slow-release fertilizer would provide an effective, low-cost, and environmentaly friendly alternative to Mo fertilization.