gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Seismic Data Compression Diagnostics (1999)

Abstract Seismic data compression, using "lossy" methods based on the wavelet transform, has been described by a number of authors [1-5].
MicroRNA-181b regulates NF-κB–mediated vascular inflammation (2012)

EC activation and dysfunction have been linked to a variety of vascular inflammatory disease states. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in vascular EC activation and inflammation remains poorly understood. Herein, we report that microRNA-181b (miR-181b) serves as a potent regulator of downstream NF-κB signaling in the vascular endothelium by targeting importin-α3, a protein that is required for nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Overexpression of miR-181b inhibited importin-α3 expression and an enriched set of NF-κB-responsive genes such as adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and E-selectin in ECs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, treatment of mice with proinflammatory stimuli reduced miR-181b expression. Rescue of miR-181b levels by systemic administration of miR-181b "mimics" reduced downstream NF-κB signaling and leukocyte influx in the vascular endothelium and decreased lung injury and mortality in endotoxemic mice. In contrast, miR-181b inhibition exacerbated endotoxin-induced NF-κB activity, leukocyte influx, and lung injury. Finally, we observed that critically ill patients with sepsis had reduced levels of miR-181b compared with control intensive care unit (ICU) subjects. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that miR-181b regulates NF-κB-mediated EC activation and vascular inflammation in response to proinflammatory stimuli and that rescue of miR-181b expression could provide a new target for antiinflammatory therapy and critical illness.
Optimized Formation Evaluation: A New Technique to Enhance Openhole Log Assessment of Pay and Producibility (2007)

Abstract Improving the accuracy of petrophysical analyses is critical in optimizing formation evaluation. Petrophysical accuracy is affected by errors inherent in log and core measurements and reservoir heterogeneity. These errors can lead to imprecise differentiation of pay and non-pay resulting in either overlooked pay or additional testing costs. Error reduction will improve the differentiation of pay/non-pay but, due to remaining errors, the distinction will still be imprecise. Thus to optimize formation evaluation, it is imperative to quantify remaining errors. This paper presents a newly developed technology that quantifies petrophysical uncertainty to maximize the utility of petrophysics in formation evaluation by incorporating Monte Carlo numerical analysis to account for uncertainties in log, reservoir and petrophysical parameters. In comparison to traditional petrophysics, this technique does not assume unique values for the input parameters used in calculation of hydrocarbon pore volumes and deliverability. This technique incorporates random errors in logging tool responses and core measurements as well as reservoir heterogeneity in a Monte Carlo simulation. Output from the Monte Carlo simulation is then used in appropriate petrophysical models (e.g. Archie, Dual Water, etc.) to calculate statistical distributions for saturation and permeability to define productive and nonproductive zones. The novel aspect of this methodology is that it also identifies zones where the random measurement and model errors are too large to determine accurate saturation and permeability. In these zones of high uncertainty, saturation and permeability are "undetermined". Based on the amount of uncertainty, this technique can determine whether additional logging, coring or well test data are needed to reclassify "undetermined" zones as either productive or non-productive. This paper will outline the procedures used in developing the technique and will show its utility in several examples from Middle Eastern reservoirs.
Reduce and aggregate (2014)

We study the problem of computing similarity rankings in large-scale multi-categorical bipartite graphs, where the two sides of the graph represent actors and items, and the items are partitioned into an arbitrary set of categories. The problem has several real-world applications, including identifying competing advertisers and suggesting related queries in an online advertising system or finding users with similar interests and suggesting content to them. In these settings, we are interested in computing on-the-fly rankings of similar actors, given an actor and an arbitrary subset of categories of interest. Two main challenges arise: First, the bipartite graphs are huge and often lopsided (e.g. the system might receive billions of queries while presenting only millions of advertisers). Second, the sheer number of possible combinations of categories prevents the pre-computation of the results for all of them. We present a novel algorithmic framework that addresses both issues for the computation of several graph-theoretical similarity measures, including # common neighbors, and Personalized PageRank. We show how to tackle the imbalance in the graphs to speed up the computation and provide efficient real-time algorithms for computing rankings for an arbitrary subset of categories. Finally, we show experimentally the accuracy of our approach with real-world data, using both public graphs and a very large dataset from Google AdWords.
Serological Confirmation of Chagas' Disease by a Recombinant and Peptide Antigen Line Immunoassay: INNO-LIA Chagas (2000)

Although screening for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies is mandatory in most South American countries, current tests are insensitive and have poor specificity. A recently optimized line immunoassay (the INNO-LIA Chagas assay) for the serological confirmation of Chagas' disease was evaluated at a large blood bank in São Paulo, Brazil. Sera from blood donors who reacted in at least one of three serological screening assays (n = 1,604) and who returned for a follow-up were retested, and the donors were interviewed to assess their epidemiological risk. The results obtained by the confirmatory assay evaluated in this study were compared to those obtained by the three different screening assays. Upon consideration of the consensus results obtained by the three different screening assays as a "gold standard," the INNO-LIA Chagas assay showed a sensitivity of 99.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 98.3 to 99.9) and a specificity of 98.1% (95% CI, 96.6 to 99.0) for positive (n = 503) and negative (n = 577) sera. The INNO-LIA Chagas assay confirmed the results for significantly larger numbers of positive samples of at-risk individuals independent of the number of positive screening tests (P = 0.017, Mantel-Haenszel test). In conclusion, the INNO-LIA Chagas assay reliably confirmed the presence of antibodies to T. cruzi and can be implemented as a confirmatory assay for Chagas' disease serology.
Nuclear reactor composite fuel assembly. [LMFBR] (1980)

A core and composite fuel assembly are described for a liquid-cooled breeder nuclear reactor including a plurality of elongated coextending driver and breeder fuel elements arranged to form a generally polygonal bundle within a thin-walled duct. The breeder elements are larger in cross section than the driver elements, and each breeder element is laterally bounded by a number of the driver elements. Each driver element further includes structure for spacing the driver elements from adjacent fuel elements and, where adjacent, the thin-walled duct. A core made up of the fuel elements can advantageously include fissile fuel of only one enrichment, while varying the effective enrichment of any given assembly or core region, merely by varying the relative number and size of the driver and breeder elements.
TH-CD-303-01: On Characterizing 4D Lung Motion Using Coupled Multi-Physics Framework of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Linear Elasticity Estimation and 4D Lung Deformable Image Registration (2015)

Purpose: Modeling human lung dynamics is critical in quantitatively representing the subject specific 4D tumor motion. However, the process is numerically complicated by fluid-structure interactions (FSI) between air and the visco-elastic lung tissue and the lack of information on the anisotropic lung elasticity. Methods: We present a mathematical method to couple image registration and physics-based modeling approaches in order to represent a consistent volumetric lung dynamics. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation assumes the lung to be a poro-elastic medium with spatially dependent elastic property. The simulation is performed on a 3D lung geometry reconstructed from four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scan dataset of a human subject. The heterogeneous linear elastic Young's Modulus (YM) values are estimated from a linear elastic deformation model with the same lung geometry and 4D lung Deformable Image Registration (DIR). The deformation obtained from the CFD simulation is then coupled with the displacement obtained from the DIR by means of the Tikhonov regularization (TR) algorithm. Numerical results present an analytic inter-model consistent estimation of the volumetric lung dynamics. The fusion method was validated by comparing the optimal displacement with 5D model-generated landmarks. Results: A set of five 4DCT datasets was employed for this study. For the landmarks inside the lung, the optimization results in a significant reduction in error. Specifically, in the left lung, the average error for the landmarks on the surface and edges is reduced by 1.11 mm while this value is 2.96 mm for the nodes, while, in the right lung, the average displacement errors after optimization are reduced by 1.34 mm and 0.86 mm for the interior and surface nodes respectively. Conclusion: These results shows that although optimization reduces the displacement error both at the surface and the interior nodes, it is more effective for the error reduction of interior nodes.
Extended depth of focus imaging with birefringent plate (2007)

In this paper we present a simple approach to obtain extended depth of field for any optical imaging system just by adding a birefringent plate between the lens and the detector. The width of the plate is properly designed such that one polarization state contains in-focus near field information while the other polarization state contains in-focus far field details. Both images are superimposed one on top of the other and thus an all-optical spatially sharp imaging is obtained containing both fields. The width of the plate is also designed such that there is a longitudinal overlapping of the two regions (the near and the far) such that continuously well focused imaging is generated. The presented approach for extending the depth of focus is significantly simple compared to the use of birefringent and bi-focal lenses published recently. Preliminary numerical as well as experimental results verify the proposed approach.
Computational fluid dynamics support of the development of a blockerless engine thrust reverser concept (1997)

This paper discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of an innovative application of fluidic flow control. The device considered is a totally fluidic thrust reverser. CFD was used extensively in the concept definition / preliminary design phase of a project focused on the development of this device. A number of CFD codes were used during the project, an Euler model of the flow was used extensively, and a full Navier-Stokes (NS) model was used, when required. The CFD work explored the design space. In addition, CFD was used to investigate in detail the fluid dynamic mechanisms affecting the operation of the device. The validity of the CFD computations was established by comparison with subscale tests. Background The work reported here is focused on the CFD support for Northrop Grumman Corporation's (NGC's) blockerless engine thrust reverser (BETR) project (Ref. 1). The project is funded by NGC's Commercial Aircraft Division, and the goal is a marketable, blockerless, fluidically driven, thrust reverser. Currently, the envisioned market is commercial transports that typically use highbypass-ratio engines. Usually, high-bypass engine thrust reversers operate on the bypassed fan flow. The BETR concept can be defined simply with reference to Fig. 1. The lower half of Fig. 1 shows a conventional (with a blocker door) thrust reverser, while the upper half shows a BETR configuration. The BETR is based on the bypass fan flow's being diverted into the reverser cascade slot / vanes using a control jet instead of blocker doors. The vanes in the cascade slot turn the diverted flow forward to produce reverse thrust. The control jet taps its high-pressure air from the engine core flow.
Rapid and Low-Cost Methodology to Obtain an Updated Compositional Model of Produced Fluids Using Separator Discharge Data Analysis (2007)

Abstract Fluid characterization data used to build representative reservoir fluid models for reservoir and production engineering is generally scarce and very costly, due to the expense of fluid sampling and analysis and, operational related problems of well intervention. The problem turns more dramatic when the field to be studied has been producing for some time and its bottom-hole pressure has reached the bubble point. In those cases, initial reservoir fluid data is more difficult to be used as some portion of the hydrocarbon's heaviest or lightest components, whether oil or gas is produced, may have been left in the reservoir and initial PVT data is no longer valid or very difficult to match to current fluid behavior. One of the most common practices of obtaining fluid data is by taking well bottom-hole samples, or by obtaining surface oil and gas mixture samples and analyzing them in the lab using recombined methods. Due to the costs involved, including loss of time and production, operating companies do not obtain fluid data with the required frequency. Accordingly, engineers are left with the only option of using non-updated or insufficient data that will affect the outcome of their simulation studies. This work describes a rapid and low cost methodology to obtain an updated compositional model for produced fluids using gas chromatography, oil characterization and GOR from analysis of the separator fluid discharge. The required samples are easily collected with low cost to the operating company. Then, a case history is shown where compositional fluid models obtained with the proposed method are used in well, surface network and process facility simulation models, with excellent results. A comparison of field data against the simulation model results is also shown.
High efficiency relativistic magnetron with diffraction output operating with a virtual cathode (2015)

Summary form only given. In simulations using the particle-in-cell (PIC) code MAGIC [1] in [2] we found that a magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) with a transparent cathode is capable of operating with electronic efficiency exceeding 70%, which was recently verified in experiments [3]. The transparent cathode is transparent to the operating TE-modes in magnetrons and consists of separate longitudinal emitters periodically placed about the cathode radius. The strong azimuthal electric field of the operating wave acts on electrons drifting around the cathode to provide rapid conversion of electron potential energy to electromagnetic energy. In addition, the periodic structure of this cathode promotes the interaction of electrons with the slow wave structure. Furthermore, this cathode operates as a wiggler since the self-magnetic field around each emitter creates an additional interaction of the rotating electron flow in a periodic magnetic field. It was our motivation to replace this physical cathode with a virtual cathode (VC) that is transparent to any wave. For this we insert an additional anode section containing a solid cylindrical cathode axially upstream of the magnetron interaction space. The radius of this new anode section is less than the radius of the MDO anode block, such that the input electron beam current exceeds the sum of the space-charge-limiting current and the anode current in the interaction space, a condition that supports the creation of a VC at the location where a physical cathode would normally be placed. Since in [2] we found the optimal design of an MDO, here in our PIC simulations we used the same MDO configuration. We found that an MDO with VC operates in the π-mode with applied voltage 460 kV with axial magnetic field B = 0.325 - 0.37 T. When the uniform field B = 0.36 T in the interaction space the electronic efficiency (that is related to the anode current) of stationary generation achieves 72%, whereas the total efficiency (accounting for leakage current that does not participate in the interaction) is about 24%. In order to increase the total efficiency the uniform magnetic field can be enlarged up to the widest cross section of the horn antenna. Then the total efficiency increases up to 35%, but the electronic efficiency decreases to 50%.
[<sup>11</sup>C]CHDI-626, a PET Tracer Candidate for Imaging Mutant Huntingtin Aggregates with Reduced Binding to AD Pathological Proteins (2021)

The expanded polyglutamine-containing mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein is implicated in neuronal degeneration of medium spiny neurons in Huntington's disease (HD) for which multiple therapeutic approaches are currently being evaluated to eliminate or reduce mHTT. Development of effective and orthogonal biomarkers will ensure accurate assessment of the safety and efficacy of pharmacologic interventions. We have identified and optimized a class of ligands that bind to oligomerized/aggregated mHTT, which is a hallmark in the HD postmortem brain. These ligands are potentially useful imaging biomarkers for HD therapeutic development in both preclinical and clinical settings. We describe here the optimization of the benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyrimidine series that show selective binding to mHTT aggregates over Aβ- and/or tau-aggregates associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. Compound [<sup>11</sup>C]-<b>2</b> was selected as a clinical candidate based on its high free fraction in the brain, specific binding in the HD mouse model, and rapid brain uptake/washout in nonhuman primate positron emission tomography imaging studies.
A V-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Distributed Active Transformer Power Amplifier for 802.15.TG3c Wireless Personal Area Network Applications (2008)

A 60-GHz fully-integrated and broadband distributed active transformer (DAT) power amplifier (PA) is implemented in 90-nm CMOS technology. The PA performs a flat small signal gain of 26 plusmn 1 dB from 57 to 69 GHz which covers full band for 60-GHz wireless personal network (WPAN) applications. By using the DAT output combine structure, this PA delivers 18-dBm measured output power with 12.2% PAE at 60 GHz with a compact chip size. To the best of our knowledge, this DAT CMOS PA demonstrates the highest output power among the reported 60-GHz CMOS PAs to date.
Organocalcium chemistry: preparation and reactions of highly reactive calcium (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganocalcium chemistry: preparation and reactions of highly reactive calciumTse Chong Wu, Heping Xiong, and Reuben D. RiekeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 17, 5045–5051Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00304a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00304a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1715Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential reconstruction for planar object in computed tomography (2009)

Traditional reconstruction algorithm in computed tomography (CT) requires a square reconstruction matrix, regardless of the particular object shape. This becomes inefficient when reconstructing planar objects such as IC chips which have a large area-to-thickness ratio. This article presents a differential reconstruction algorithm for planar object CT scan. By automatically determining the scanning start orientation of the object and its tilting angle with respect to the rotation axis, a reconstruction matrix with different dimensions and/or different reconstruction resolutions is employed to reconstruct the object area only. For demonstration, a low-temperature co-fire ceramic (LTCC) component is scanned and reconstructed. It shows that the new method requires much less computation time and storage, can achieve higher reconstruction resolution in the thickness dimension, and makes layer separation much easier for multilayer objects.
A survey of efficiency-estimation methods for in-service induction motors (2006)

Condition monitoring of electric motors avoids severe economical losses resulting from unexpected motor failures and greatly improves the system reliability and maintainability. Efficiency estimation, which shares many common requirements with condition monitoring in terms of data collections, is expected to be implemented in an integrated product. This brings more considerations into the selection of the efficiency-estimation methods. This paper presents the results of an up-to-date literature survey on efficiency-estimation methods of in-service motors, particularly with considerations of the motor-condition-monitoring requirements. More than 20 of the most commonly used methods are briefly described and classified into nine categories according to their physical properties. Six categories of these methods are more related to in-service testing and are compared in a table summarizing the required tests and measurements, intrusion level, and average accuracy. Estimation of the rotor speed and the stator resistance, the two stumbling blocks of various efficiency-estimation methods, is also carefully studied; commonly used methods are summarized. Based on the survey results, four efficiency-estimation methods are suggested as candidates for nonintrusive in-service motor-efficiency estimation and condition-monitoring applications. Another contribution of this paper is that a general approach for developing nonintrusive motor-efficiency-estimation methods is proposed, incorporating rotor speed, stator resistance, and no-load loss estimations.
Optimal One-Wafer Cyclic Scheduling of Time-Constrained Hybrid Multicluster Tools via Petri Nets (2016)

Scheduling a multicluster tool with wafer residency time constraints is highly challenging yet important in ensuring high productivity of wafer fabrication. This paper presents a method to find an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule for it. A Petri net is developed to model the dynamic behavior of the tool. By this model, a schedule of the system is analytically expressed as a function of robots' waiting time. Based on this model, this paper presents the necessary and sufficient conditions under which a feasible one-wafer cyclic schedule exists. Then, it gives efficient algorithms to find such a schedule that is optimal. These algorithms require determining the robots' waiting time via simple calculation and thus are efficient. Examples are given to show the application and effectiveness of the proposed method.