gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating summaries of multiple news articles (1995)

We present a natural language system which summarizes a series of news articles on the same event. It uses summarization operators, identified through empirical analysis of a corpus of news summaries, to group empirical analysis of a corpus of news summaries, to group together templates from the output of the systems developed for ARPA's Message Understanding Conferences. Depending on the available resources(e.g. space), summaries of different length can be produced. Our research also provides a methodological frame work for future work on the summarization task and on the evaluation of new summarization systems.
Web Application Architecture: Principles, Protocols and Practices (2003)

This book provides and in-depth examination of the core concepts and general principles of web application development, using examples from specific technologies. This conceptual knowledge is critical when designing and debugging complex systems, and makes it easier to learn the new application programming interfaces (APIs) that arise in the rapidly changing Internet environment Split into three sections: HTTP protocol as a foundation for web applications Discussion of markup languages such as HTML, XML and CSS Survey of emerging technologies Includes new coverage on technologies including: Rapid application approaches Ruby on Rails Application Primers Search technology, including Search Engine Optimization Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) XML Path Language (XPath) Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) User-generated content technology for community websites and online collaboration applications Security and encryption
Edema and tumor perfusion: characterization by quantitative 1H MR imaging. (1992)

Tumor perfusion is of central importance to the clinical oncologist because it has a direct effect on the success of cancer therapy. Yet determining whether a tumor is well or poorly perfused is difficult without the use of invasive techniques, because the variables that affect tumor perfusion are poorly understood. Quantitative MR imaging of tumor edema may provide a means of characterizing tumor perfusion, of studying heterogeneity of perfusion within the tumor mass, or of monitoring changes in tumor perfusion after therapy. A combination of factors often results in production of a large amount of edema within cranial or extracranial tumors. Any tumor that is encapsulated, whether by a fibrous tumor capsule or by a structure such as the cranium, will have an elevation in interstitial fluid pressure because dissipation of fluid is hindered. Elevated pressure of interstitial fluid acts to occlude tumor capillaries, so edema can cause a striking reduction of tumor perfusion. Because MR imaging can potentially be used for quantitative imaging of tumor edema, it may provide a means of indirectly measuring tumor perfusion. A review of the literature suggests that diffusion-weighted MR imaging may be better than T1- or T2-weighted MR imaging for quantitative imaging of tumor edema. I do not propose that diffusion-weighted imaging can measure perfusion directly; rather I hypothesize that a diffusion-weighted image can be correlated with tumor edema. Because edema indirectly regulates perfusion through the mechanism of interstitial fluid pressure, I propose an indirect correlation between the diffusion-weighted image and regional tissue perfusion. If the relationship between tumor perfusion and the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents is better understood, MR imaging of tumor edema may even aid in predicting the delivery of drugs to a tumor.
Natural Flavors Produced by Biotechnological Processing (1989)

The world market for flavors is growing steadily with a distinct trend towards 'natural' compounds. Biotechnology offers many advantages over traditional extraction of botanical materials for flavors production. These include highly specific end product generation (e.g. optically-active compounds), high yields and purity, along with guaranteed supply. Commercial exploitation of biotechnology in this area not only relies upon technical advances but as well on satisfying certain regulatory considerations. These aspects are highlighted using examples of whole cell microbial culture and isolated enzyme systems.
Electrowetting of Ionic Liquids (2006)

We have successfully demonstrated that imidazolium- and pyrrolidinium-based commercial room-temperature ionic liquids can electrowet (with a dc voltage) a smooth fluoropolymer (Teflon AF1600) surface. Qualitatively, the process is analogous to the electrowetting of aqueous electrolyte solutions: the contact angle versus voltage curve has a parabolic shape which saturates at larger voltages (positive or negative). On the other hand we observed several peculiarities: (i) the efficiency is significantly lower (by about an order of magnitude); (ii) the influence of the bulky cation is larger and the importance of the smaller anion is lesser, especially with respect to electrowetting saturation; (iii) there is an asymmetry in the saturation contact angles found for positive and negative voltages. The asymmetry may be correlated with the cation-anion asymmetry of the ionic liquids. The low efficiency may be caused by the presence of water and other impurities in these commercial materials.
Reactivation of immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by boosting with the CpG oligomer in aged mice primarily vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG (2013)

Th1-adjuvant CpG oligo DNA, such as Oligo-B, may be a promising booster when coupled with BCG priming.
Vortex fluidic exfoliation of graphite and boron nitride (2012)

Graphite is exfoliated into graphene by shearing vortex fluidic films of N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), as a controlled process for preparing oxide free graphene, and for exfoliating the corresponding boron nitride sheets.
Few-Shot Generalization for Single-Image 3D Reconstruction via Priors (2019)

Recent work on single-view 3D reconstruction shows impressive results, but has been restricted to a few fixed categories where extensive training data is available. The problem of generalizing these models to new classes with limited training data is largely open. To address this problem, we present a new model architecture that reframes single-view 3D reconstruction as learnt, category agnostic refinement of a provided, category-specific prior. The provided prior shape for a novel class can be obtained from as few as one 3D shape from this class. Our model can start reconstructing objects from the novel class using this prior without seeing any training image for this class and without any retraining. Our model outperforms category-agnostic baselines and remains competitive with more sophisticated baselines that finetune on the novel categories. Additionally, our network is capable of improving the reconstruction given multiple views despite not being trained on task of multi-view reconstruction.
Analytical calculation of proton linear energy transfer in voxelized geometries including secondary protons (2016)

In order to integrate radiobiological modelling with clinical treatment planning for proton radiotherapy, we extended our in-house treatment planning system FoCa with a 3D analytical algorithm to calculate linear energy transfer (LET) in voxelized patient geometries. Both active scanning and passive scattering delivery modalities are supported. The analytical calculation is much faster than the Monte-Carlo (MC) method and it can be implemented in the inverse treatment planning optimization suite, allowing us to create LET-based objectives in inverse planning. The LET was calculated by combining a 1D analytical approach including a novel correction for secondary protons with pencil-beam type LET-kernels. Then, these LET kernels were inserted into the proton-convolution-superposition algorithm in FoCa. The analytical LET distributions were benchmarked against MC simulations carried out in Geant4. A cohort of simple phantom and patient plans representing a wide variety of sites (prostate, lung, brain, head and neck) was selected. The calculation algorithm was able to reproduce the MC LET to within 6% (1 standard deviation) for low-LET areas (under 1.7 keV μm(-1)) and within 22% for the high-LET areas above that threshold. The dose and LET distributions can be further extended, using radiobiological models, to include radiobiological effectiveness (RBE) calculations in the treatment planning system. This implementation also allows for radiobiological optimization of treatments by including RBE-weighted dose constraints in the inverse treatment planning process.
Simple design equations for broadband class E power amplifiers with reactance compensation (2002)

In this paper, a simple analytical design approach to determine the parameters of the loading networks to design broadband class E amplifiers is presented. The design equations are given for each element of single and double resonant loading circuits. The analysis and simulation were performed on the example of high-voltage LDMOSFET power amplifier, which show that in octave-band of 100-200 MHz the power gain of 10 dB with deviation of only /spl plusmn/0.5 dB and the drain efficiency of about 70% and higher can be achieved.
Highly Conductive, Scalable, and Machine Washable Graphene‐Based E‐Textiles for Multifunctional Wearable Electronic Applications (2020)

Abstract Graphene‐based textiles show promise for next‐generation wearable electronic applications due to their advantages over metal‐based technologies. However, current reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐based electronic textiles (e‐textiles) suffer from poor electrical conductivity and higher power consumption. Here, highly conductive, ultraflexible, and machine washable graphene‐based wearable e‐textiles are reported. A simple and scalable pad−dry−cure method with subsequent roller compression and a fine encapsulation of graphene flakes is used. The graphene‐based wearable e‐textiles thus produced provide lowest sheet resistance (≈11.9 Ω sq −1 ) ever reported on graphene e‐textiles, and highly conductive even after 10 home laundry washing cycles. Moreover, it exhibits extremely high flexibility, bendability, and compressibility as it shows repeatable response in both forward and backward directions before and after home laundry washing cycles. The scalability and multifunctional applications of such highly conductive graphene‐based wearable e‐textiles are demonstrated as ultraflexible supercapacitor and skin‐mounted strain sensors.
Synthesis of water-soluble photoluminescent germanium nanocrystals (2006)

Photoluminescent germanium nanocrystals were synthesized in solution using hydride reducing agents. The surface of the Ge nanocrystals was modified with allylamine to produce water-soluble photoluminescent Ge nanocrystals. When the reducing agent was added slowly, the particles were 5 nm in size with a narrow size distribution. However, when the reducing agent was injected rapidly, the Ge nanocrystals formed large (50 nm) triangles that were too large to exhibit the effects of quantum confinement and thus did not fluoresce. Characterization of the Ge nanocrystals is performed using transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy.
Experimental surface plasmon resonance modulated radially sheared interference imaging using a birefringent lens (2014)

Experimental investigation on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modulated interference has been proposed and demonstrated under radially sheared environment with the help of a birefringent lens. SPR modulated interference images captured by a charged couple device have been demonstrated in two different analyzing regime, namely, using an analyzer and using a Wollaston prism, the later being advantageous for the simultaneous observation of p- and s-polarized contribution towards SPR. We also report the analysis of the interference imaging for the two substrate materials and also for the two analytes in order to show the substrate-sample dependency of SPR. Moreover, phase dependent resonant behavior, together with the analysis of amplitude reflection co-efficient in complex plane, has been theoretically simulated and discussed in support of the present experimental investigation, which can be well utilized for biological and chemical sensing.
Determination of nitrite in cured meats by chemiluminescence detection (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of nitrite in cured meats by chemiluminescence detectionRobert C. Doerr, Jay B. Fox, Leon. Lakritz, and Walter. FiddlerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 2, 381–384Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00225a063RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (488 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Three Beam Interferometer for the Observation of Kinetic Cooling in Air (1973)

A three beam interferometer, which has recently been used to measure the time constant associated with kinetic cooling, is described in detail. Design features necessitated by operation of the device over a 5-m path are discussed, as well as system response to vibrational noise and drift, and means used for their monitoring and control. The effective working length resolution of the system, dL/L, was 1 part in 2.6 x 10(9) with a He-Ne laser source operating at 0.63 microm.
Thermal Stability of B-Doped SiGe Layers Formed on Si Substrates by Si-GeH<sub>4</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1993)

The thermal stability of B-doped SiGe layers formed on Si substrates is studied, using samples prepared by Si-GeH 4 -B 2 H 6 molecular beam epitaxy. Strain relaxation and the diffusion of Ge and B in the samples are measured after heat treatment corresponding to heterostructure bipolar transistor (HBT) fabrication processes. The strain in the SiGe layer remains almost constant during annealing at up to 950°C for 30 min, while some misfit dislocations are formed above 800°C in samples with relatively high Ge content (>10 at.%). Ge diffusion is negligible up to 950°C, but B atoms diffuse considerably even if the temperature for 30 min annealing is as low as 850°C. Accordingly, the formation of misfit dislocations and B diffusion are the dominant factors limiting the Ge content and thermal treatments in HBT processes.
A first step towards Hw/Sw partitioning of UML specifications (2004)

This paper proposes a novel methodology tailored to design embedded systems, taking into account the emerging market needs, such as hw/sw partitioning, object-oriented specifications, overall design costs and early analysis of design alternatives. The proposal tackles the problem by considering UML as the starting point for system-level description and uses a customization of function point analysis and COCOMO to provide cost metrics both for hardware and software. Finally, a genetic algorithm is used to select the best candidate architecture. The paper also reports some results, obtained from case studies, showing the viability of the proposed approach.
Ex Vivo Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using a Raman Miniprobe (2009)

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death. The conventional method of confirming the diagnosis is bronchoscopy, inspecting the airways of the patient with a fiber optic endoscope. A number of studies have shown that Raman spectroscopy can diagnose lung cancer in vitro. In this study, Raman spectra were obtained from ex vivo normal and malignant lung tissue using a minifiber optic Raman probe suitable for insertion into the working channel of a bronchoscope. Shifted subtracted Raman spectroscopy was used to reduce the fluorescence from the lung tissue. Using principal component analysis with a leave-one-out analysis, the tissues were classified accurately. This novel technique has the potential to obtain Raman spectra from tumors from patients with lung cancer in vivo.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (2020)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was originally described as a factor present in the serum of induced mice and capable of causing hemorrhagic necrosis in methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in Balb/c mice. The genes for both human TNF and murine TNF were cloned independently by several research groups. TNF is produced mainly by macrophages activated by bacterial products, viruses, parasites, and probably other stimuli. The receptors can be found in human serum and urine, and can inhibit TNF effects on target cells. The cellular effects of TNF eventually lead to activation, differentiation, or death of the target cells. The effects of TNF on the liver are seldom direct, but are nevertheless worthwhile discussing. TNF is a cytokine that has an important role in inflammatory reactions and in the response against infection. The relationship between TNF and the liver is bidirectional, since the liver can also produce substances that protect against the lethal activities of TNF.
A comparative evaluation of order-revealing encryption schemes and secure range-query protocols (2019)

Database query evaluation over encrypted data can allow database users to maintain the privacy of their data while outsourcing data processing. Order-Preserving Encryption (OPE) and Order-Revealing Encryption (ORE) were designed to enable efficient query execution, but provide only partial privacy. More private protocols, based on Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE), Oblivious RAM (ORAM) or custom encrypted data structures, have also been designed. In this paper, we develop a framework to provide the first comprehensive comparison among a number of range query protocols that ensure varying levels of privacy of user data. We evaluate five ORE-based and five generic range query protocols. We analyze and compare them both theoretically and experimentally and measure their performance over database indexing and query evaluation. We report not only execution time but also I/O performance, communication amount, and usage of cryptographic primitive operations. Our comparison reveals some interesting insights concerning the relative security and performance of these approaches in database settings.
Investigation of SiO<inf>2</inf> etch properties using pulse power in capacitively coupled plasmas (2011)

Summary form only given, as follows. The fluxes of radicals and ions to the wafer in plasma processing of microelectronic devices determine the quality of the etch or deposition. These fluxes are ultimately controlled by controlling and customizing the electron energy distribution function ƒ(ε) which determines the dissociation patterns of feedstock gases. In quasi-steady state operation, an equilibrium condition for ƒ(ε) results from a real time balance between electron sources and sinks. As such, for a given geometry, pressure and frequency of operation, there is not much latitude in controlling ƒ(ε). By using pulse power, electron sources and sinks do not need to instantaneously balance - they need to balance only over the longer pulse period. This provides additional leverage to control ƒ(ε). For example, during the power-on portion of the pulse cycle, high energy electrons are generated due to an overshoot of E/N above the steady state value. Then, in the power-off cycle, high energy electrons are quickly lost due to inelastic collisions and rapid diffusion losses to the wall. In these systems, ƒ(ε) can be controlled through choice of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and duty cycle as these determine the relative role of thermalization. As a result, the fluxes to the wafer can also be controlled with these parameters. Hence, the etch properties during pulsed-operation may be controllably different than with continuous wave (CW) excited plasma.
Solid‐phase synthesis of <i>C</i>‐terminally modified peptides (2006)

In this paper, a straightforward and generic protocol is presented to label the C-terminus of a peptide with any desired moiety that is functionalized with a primary amine. Amine-functional molecules included are polymers (useful for hybrid polymers), long alkyl chains (used in peptide amphiphiles and stabilization of peptides), propargyl amine and azido propyl-amine (desirable for 'click' chemistry), dansyl amine (fluorescent labeling of peptides) and crown ethers (peptide switches/hybrids). In the first part of the procedure, the primary amine is attached to an aldehyde-functional resin via reductive amination. To the secondary amine that is produced, an amino acid sequence is coupled via a standard solid-phase peptide synthesis protocol. Since one procedure can be applied for any given amine-functional moiety, a robust method for C-terminal peptide labeling is obtained.
The use of group transfer polymerization for the control of polymethacrylate molecular structure (1990)

Abstract The synthesis of polymethacrylates by a repeated silyl Michael addition reaction (GTP) a allows one to control the molecular weight of the polymer by adjusting the monomer/initator ratio. A small amount of cyclic termination occurs but in general low molecular weight dispersity is obtained. Block polymers can be made by sequential addition of monomer. Functionality present on the ketene acetal portion of the initiator will be on one end of each polymer chain. Star polymers result from crosslinking active polymer with a bismethacrylate. Initiation of bismethacrylate with bisinitiator gives a ladder polymer.
Efficacy of Hydroxocobalamin for the Treatment of Acute Cyanide Poisoning in Adult Beagle Dogs (2006)

Introduction. The efficacy of hydroxocobalamin for acute cyanide poisoning was compared with that of saline vehicle in dogs. Methods. Anesthetized adult beagle dogs were administered potassium cyanide (0.4 mg/kg/min, IV) until 3 min after the onset of apnea. Hydroxocobalamin (75 mg/kg [n = 19] or 150 mg/kg [n = 18], IV) or saline vehicle [n = 17] was then infused over 7.5 min while animals were ventilated with 100% oxygen, which was stopped after 15 min. Results. In vehicle-treated animals cyanide produced deterioration that culminated in a moribund state requiring euthanasia within 4 h in 10 of 17 animals and in neurological deficits necessitating euthanasia within 2–4 d in an additional 4 animals (mortality rate 82%). Survival through 14 d was observed in 15 of 19 animals administered hydroxocobalamin 75 mg/kg (mortality rate 21%), and 18 of 18 administered hydroxocobalamin 150 mg/kg (mortality rate 0%). Conclusion. Hydroxocobalamin reversed cyanide toxicity and reduced mortality in a canine model.