gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personalized Dietary Management of Overweight and Obesity Based on Measures of Insulin and Glucose (2018)

During the past several decades, numerous trials have compared various diets for the management of overweight and obesity, assuming that a single dietary strategy would be appropriate for all individuals. These studies have failed to provide strong evidence for the efficacy of any particular diet, and it is likely that different people will have different levels of success on different diets. We identified studies investigating pretreatment glycemia or insulinemia status, or both, of the individual as prognostic markers of weight loss during periods in which the composition of a participant's diet was known. Overall, research suggests that providing specific diets for weight management based on pretreatment glycemia and insulinemia statuses holds great promise for advancing personalized nutrition.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoronaphthyridines and Quinolones as Antibacterial Agents. Part 2. Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of New 1‐tert‐Butyl 7‐Substituted Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract A series of 7‐substituted 1‐tert‐butyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic acids, e.g. (III), and related oxoquinolinecarboxylic acids, e.g. (VI), are prepared from the corresponding 7‐halo derivatives (I) or (IV) by substitution reaction with the amines (II) or (V).
Transformation of the Non-Selective Aminocyclohexanol-Based Hsp90 Inhibitor into a Grp94-Seletive Scaffold (2016)

Glucose regulated protein 94 kDa, Grp94, is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized isoform of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) that is responsible for the trafficking and maturation of toll-like receptors, immunoglobulins, and integrins. As a result, Grp94 has emerged as a therapeutic target to disrupt cellular communication, adhesion, and tumor proliferation, potentially with fewer side effects compared to pan-inhibitors of all Hsp90 isoforms. Although, the N-terminal ATP binding site is highly conserved among all four Hsp90 isoforms, recent cocrystal structures of Grp94 have revealed subtle differences between Grp94 and other Hsp90 isoforms that has been exploited for the development of Grp94-selective inhibitors. In the current study, a structure-based approach has been applied to a Grp94 nonselective compound, SNX 2112, which led to the development of 8j (ACO1), a Grp94-selective inhibitor that manifests ∼440 nM affinity and >200-fold selectivity against cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms.
Adaptive optics pre-correction for optical feeder links: breadboard performance (2019)

For the next generation of very high throughput communication satellites, TNO and DLR envision optical free-space communication between ground stations and geostationary telecommunication satellites to replace the traditional RF links. To mitigate atmospheric turbulence, an Adaptive Optics (AO) system will be used to apply uplink pre-correction. OFELIA, an ground terminal breadboard was developed to demonstrate the pre-correction principle over an realistic link. Currently, integration tests have been performed to verify the AO performance. Also a laser link experiment over 10 km distance has already been established, in a scenario relevant to ground-to-satellite links. The paper shows that AO is clearly beneficial for the downlink performance. In addition the first preliminary experimental results of the pre-correction show it is also beneficial for the uplink.
(Invited) Vertical III-V Nanowire-Channel on Si (2013)

We report on the recent achievement of III-V nanowire applications for a vertical FET and steep subthreshold-slope transistors on Si. III-V nanowires (NWs) were heterogeneously integrated on Si by selective-area metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy with precise positioning on Si(111) surfaces. Nanometerscale growth enabled the integration of III-V NWs on Si regardless of apparent lattice mismatches. A non-planar vertical transistor architecture, which is a vertical surrounding-gate structure, was demonstrated on Si substrate. This demonstration should have broad applications for use in high-electron mobility transistors and tunnel FETs with functionality that is not possible with conventional Si-CMOS technologies.
Evaluation of <i>TRAF6</i> in a large multiancestral lupus cohort (2012)

Our data indicate the presence of association of TRAF6 with SLE, consistent with the previous report of association with RA. These data provide further support for the involvement of TRAF6 in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
Preparation of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors from oxide-glass precursors (1988)

In this letter we report on efforts to synthesize the new Ca-Sr-Bi-Cu-O superconductors from amorphous glasses. These glasses are produced by quenching melts of the constituent oxides, followed by firing to produce the superconducting phase. This synthetic route produces denser, more uniform samples than those obtained from firing intimate mixtures of the constituent binary oxides and carbonates. Ultimately, this technique may yield pure materials with enhanced bulk properties.
Ultrafast treatment plan optimization for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) (2010)

The authors have developed an aperture-based VMAT optimization algorithm which can generate clinically deliverable high quality treatment plans at very high efficiency.
Organic polymer‐surface modified precipitated silica (1995)

Abstract To improve the performance of rubber compounds using precipitated silica as a reinforcing filler, the silica surface was directly modified by (1) adsorption of a surfactant, (2) adsolubilization of an organic monomer, (3) in situ polymerization of the monomer in the surfactant bilayer, and (4) partial surfactant removal. Silica was thus surface modified with polymerized styrene, isoprene, butadiene, and copolymers. Styrene–butadiene modification afforded the most promising candidate based on evaluation in a silica‐filled model tire compound. Compound physical testing showed that cure times were decreased, and break strength, tear energy, elongation to break, and cut growth resistance were increased. Thus, surface modification of silica by the in situ polymerization of organic monomers affords unique materials useful in improving rubber cure properties and cured compound physical properties. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Scheduling for fast response multi-pattern matching over streaming events (2010)

Real-time pattern matching over event streams has gained much more attention recently due to the analytical capability demanded in many operation-critical applications such as credit card fraud detection, algorithmic stock trading and RFID tracking. One of the common but important requirements in the above-mentioned applications is fast response. Usually, there are a large number of pattern queries subscribed in the system, running continuously and concurrently. However, not much research has been done on the scheduling algorithms and management to improve the overall response time of these queries. To address this challenge, we focus on the study of how to improve the average response time of multiple pattern queries. We first propose two static scheduling algorithms: Event-based (EBS) and Run-based (RBS) Scheduling and discuss what would be a better choice under different system configurations. We then come up with a hybrid method called Fast Response Time Scheduling (FRTS) to dynamically manage the scheduling in order to further reduce the average response time. The experimental results of these scheduling algorithms have shown that the FRTS method can improve 5 times average response time comparing with the basic methods in some cases.
Injection of HGF Plasmid cDNA to Prevent Manifestation of Parkinson Disease: A Preclinical Study using a Primate Model (2009)

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Current therapies provide symptomatic treatment only and thus fail to prevent the process of neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been reported that neurotrophic factors could support the survival and enhance the function of dopaminergic neurons. Thus, gene therapy using neurotrophic factors has become the center of interest. From this viewpoint, we focused on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a novel neurotrophic and angiogenic growth factor. In this study, we examined the effects of over-expression of HGF on clinical symptoms induced in a monkey model of PD, aiming toward human gene therapy. Stereotaxic transfection of naked plasmid DNA encoding human HGF cDNA into the striatum resulted in significant prevention of behavioral, immunohistochemical, HPLC and PET scan findings. Overall, the present study demonstrated that over-expression of HGF prevented neuronal death in a PD primate model, providing a potential novel therapy for PD.
Isolation and Chemical Characterization of a Capsular Polysaccharide Antigen Shared by Clinical Isolates of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (1999)

Enterococci are a common cause of serious infections, especially in newborns, severely immunocompromised patients, and patients requiring intensive care. To characterize enterococcal surface antigens that are targets of opsonic antibodies, rabbits were immunized with various gentamicin-killed Enterococcus faecalis strains, and immune sera were tested in an opsonophagocytic assay against a selection of clinical isolates. Serum raised against one strain killed the homologous strain (12030) at a dilution of 1:5,120 and mediated opsonic killing of 33% of all strains tested. In addition, this serum killed two (28%) of seven vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains. Adsorption of sera with the homologous strain eliminated killing activity. The adsorbing antigens were resistant to treatment with proteinase K and to boiling for 1 h, but were susceptible to treatment with sodium periodate, indicating that the antigen inducing opsonic activity is a polysaccharide. Antibodies in immune rabbit sera reacted with a capsule-like structure visualized by electron microscopy both on the homologous E. faecalis strain and on a vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strain. The capsular polysaccharides from E. faecalis 12030 and E. faecium 838970 were purified, and chemical and structural analyses indicated they were identical glycerol teichoic acid-like molecules with a carbohydrate backbone structure of 6-alpha-D-glucose-1-2 glycerol-3-PO4 with substitution on carbon 2 of the glucose with an alpha-2-1-D-glucose residue. The purified antigen adsorbed opsonic killing activity from immune rabbit sera and elicited high titers of antibodies (when used to immunize rabbits) that both mediated opsonic killing of bacteria and bound to a capsule-like structure visualized by electron microscopy. These results indicate that approximately one-third of a sample of 15 E. faecalis strains and 7 vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strains possess shared capsular polysaccharides that are targets of opsonophagocytic antibodies and therefore are potential vaccine candidates.
Upward Max Min Fairness (2012)

Often one would like to allocate shared resources in a fair way. A common and well studied notion of fairness is Max-Min Fairness, where we first maximize the smallest allocation, and subject to that the second smallest, and so on. We consider a networking application where multiple commodities compete over the capacity of a network. In our setting each commodity has multiple possible paths to route its demand (for example, a network using MPLS tunneling). In this setting, the only known way of finding a max-min fair allocation requires an iterative solution of multiple linear programs. Such an approach, although polynomial time, scales badly with the size of the network, the number of demands, and the number of paths. More importantly, a network operator has limited control and understanding of the inner working of the algorithm. Finally, this approach is inherently centralized and cannot be implemented via a distributed protocol. In this paper we introduce Upward Max-Min Fairness, a novel relaxation of Max-Min Fairness and present a family of simple dynamics that converge to it. These dynamics can be implemented in a distributed manner. Moreover, we present an efficient combinatorial algorithm for finding an upward max-min fair allocation, which is a natural extension of the well known Water Filling Algorithm for a multiple path setting. We test the expected behavior of this new algorithm and show that on realistic networks upward max-min fair allocations are comparable to the max-min fair allocations both in fairness and in network utilization.
Optimized Learned Entropy Coding Parameters for Practical Neural-Based Image and Video Compression (2022)

Neural-based image and video codecs are significantly more power-efficient when weights and activations are quantized to low-precision integers. While there are general-purpose techniques for reducing quantization effects, large losses can occur when specific entropy coding properties are not considered. This work analyzes how entropy coding is affected by parameter quantizations, and provides a method to minimize losses. It is shown that, by using a certain type of coding parameters to be learned, uniform quantization becomes practically optimal, also simplifying the minimization of code memory requirements. The mathematical properties of the new representation are presented, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by coding experiments, showing that good results can be obtained with precision as low as 4 bits per network output, and practically no loss with 8 bits.
GraphFlow: Exploiting Conversation Flow with Graph Neural Networks for Conversational Machine Comprehension (2020)

Conversational machine comprehension (MC) has proven significantly more challenging compared to traditional MC since it requires better utilization of conversation history. However, most existing approaches do not effectively capture conversation history and thus have trouble handling questions involving coreference or ellipsis. Moreover, when reasoning over passage text, most of them simply treat it as a word sequence without exploring rich semantic relationships among words. In this paper, we first propose a simple yet effective graph structure learning technique to dynamically construct a question and conversation history aware context graph at each conversation turn. Then we propose a novel Recurrent Graph Neural Network, and based on that, we introduce a flow mechanism to model the temporal dependencies in a sequence of context graphs. The proposed GraphFlow model can effectively capture conversational flow in a dialog, and shows competitive performance compared to existing state-of-the-art methods on CoQA, QuAC and DoQA benchmarks. In addition, visualization experiments show that our proposed model can offer good interpretability for the reasoning process.
SU‐F‐J‐211: Scatter Correction for Clinical Cone‐Beam CT System Using An Optimized Stationary Beam Blocker with a Single Scan (2016)

Purpose: X‐ray scatter photons result in significant image quality degradation of cone‐beam CT (CBCT). Measurement based algorithms using beam blocker directly acquire the scatter samples and achieve significant improvement on the quality of CBCT image. Within existing algorithms, single‐scan and stationary beam blocker proposed previously is promising due to its simplicity and practicability. Although demonstrated effectively on tabletop system, the blocker fails to estimate the scatter distribution on clinical CBCT system mainly due to the gantry wobble. In addition, the uniform distributed blocker strips in our previous design results in primary data loss in the CBCT system and leads to the image artifacts due to data insufficiency. Methods: We investigate the motion behavior of the beam blocker in each projection and design an optimized non‐uniform blocker strip distribution which accounts for the data insufficiency issue. An accurate scatter estimation is then achieved from the wobble modeling. Blocker wobble curve is estimated using threshold‐based segmentation algorithms in each projection. In the blocker design optimization, the quality of final image is quantified using the number of the primary data loss voxels and the mesh adaptive direct search algorithm is applied to minimize the objective function. Scatter‐corrected CT images are obtained using the optimized blocker. Results: The proposed method is evaluated using Catphan@504 phantom and a head patient. On the Catphan©504, our approach reduces the average CT number error from 115 Hounsfield unit (HU) to 11 HU in the selected regions of interest, and improves the image contrast by a factor of 1.45 in the high‐contrast regions. On the head patient, the CT number error is reduced from 97 HU to 6 HU in the soft tissue region and image spatial non‐uniformity is decreased from 27% to 5% after correction. Conclusion: The proposed optimized blocker design is practical and attractive for CBCT guided radiation therapy. This work is supported by grants from Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program of China (Grant No. 2011S013), National 863 Programs of China (Grant Nos. 2012AA02A604 and 2015AA043203), the National High‐tech R&D Program for Young Scientists by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2015AA020917)
Human ZNF312b Promotes the Progression of Gastric Cancer by Transcriptional Activation of the <i>K-ras</i> Gene (2009)

Gastric cancer ranks second among the most common causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent studies reported target molecules that are candidates for new therapeutic interventions; however, their molecular mechanism has not been clearly defined. In this study, we found that ZNF312b plays a role in tumor progression and metastasis in gastric cancer via transcriptional activation of the K-ras oncogene. ZNF312b seems to be specifically overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of ZNF312b induces cancer-like phenotypes, including accelerated proliferation and increased tumor masses in nude mice, which are completely reversed by its knockdown in gastric cancer cell lines, implying direct involvement in gastric tumor progression. From analyses using deletion mutants of ZNF312b and K-ras promoter-driven luciferase reporters, we found that it translocates into the nucleus via the proline-rich domain of its COOH terminus to activate transcription of the K-ras gene, resulting in an enhancement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway that governs cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that ZNF312b contributes to the promotion of gastric cancer by triggering K-ras oncogene expression. The current study is the first to report that ZNF312b, a novel transcription factor, was associated with tumorigenicity of gastric cancer. This might be a valuable target that could provide new insight into the development of new therapeutic modalities for patients with gastric cancer.
Radio Access Network sharing in cellular networks (2013)

Mobile operators are witnessing a dramatic increase in traffic spurred by a combination of popularity of smartphones, innovative applications and diverse services. As mobile traffic transitions from being voice dominated to video and data dominated, the revenue per byte for the mobile operators is declining at an unhealthy rate. To counter the traffic growth and build cost-effective networks, many operators are now forging alliances for RAN (Radio Access Network) sharing to improve coverage and capacity at reasonable investments and operational costs. This paper presents the design and implementation of NetShare, a network-wide radio resource management framework that provides effective RAN Sharing. NetShare introduces a novel two-level scheduler split between the mobile gateway and the cellular basestations to effectively manage and allocate the wireless resources of the radio access network composed of multiple basestations among multiple different entities (such as operators, content providers, etc.) that share the network. Firstly, NetShare provides performance isolation across entities with a minimum guaranteed resource allocation to each entity across the network. Secondly, NetShare optimally distributes the resources to each entity across the network proportional to the resource demand at each basestation. Through extensive LTE-based system simulations and prototype evaluations on a WiMAX testbed, we show the efficacy of NetShare in (a) providing isolation across entities and (b) efficiently distributing resources for each entity across the network thus achieving high utilization of resources for an entity.
Mapping of DNA Instability at the Fragile X to a Trinucleotide Repeat Sequence P(CCG) <i>n</i> (1991)

The sequence of a Pst I restriction fragment was determined that demonstrate instability in fragile X syndrome pedigrees. The region of instability was localized to a trinucleotide repeat p(CCG)n. The sequence flanking this repeat were identical in normal and affected individuals. The breakpoints in two somatic cell hybrids constructed to break at the fragile site also mapped to this repeat sequence. The repeat exhibits instability both when cloned in a nonhomologous host and after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest variation in the trinucleotide repeat copy number as the molecular basis for the instability and possibly the fragile site. This would account for the observed properties of this region in vivo and in vitro.
Depth map estimation using modified Census transform and semi-global matching (2014)

Generating a dense disparity image is one of the essential prerequisite for many applications such as rendering virtual views, 3D scene reconstruction, and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In this paper, a depth estimation technique is proposed which is based on non-parametric Census transform and semi-global optimization. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method fulfills the aims of the algorithm by enhancing the quality of the estimated depth maps and reducing the computational complexity.
Telluride-mediated stereospecific conversion of racemic E-allylic alcohols to homochiral Z-allylic alcohols; transposition of primary and secondary allylic alcohols via glycidol derivatives (1990)

Racemic trans-secondary allylic alcohols can be converted to homochiral cis-secondary allylic alcohols by means of a telluride-mediated transposition reaction applied to the homochiral glycidol obtained from a Sharpless kinetic resolution. (+)-Linalool is obtained in >95% enantiomeric excess from geraniol, an example of a transposition of a primary allylic alcohol to a homochiral tertiary alcohol.