gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emitter current suppression in a high-low-junction emitter solar cell using an oxide-charge-induced electron accumulation layer (1978)

A new type of high-low-junction emitter silicon solar cell employing an oxide-charge-induced electron accumulation layer demonstrates complete suppression of the dark emitter recombination current JE to values so low that the base recombination current dominates in determining the open-circuit voltage VOC. This suppression of JE results in measured values of VOC considerably larger than those previously reported for n-on-p silicon solar cells. This ability to suppress JE leads to projections of efficiency of about 18% AM0 and about 20% AM1 for this oxide-charge-induced high-low-junction emitter (OCI-HLE) solar cell.
Main‐chain side‐chain liquid crystal polymer blends for improved physical properties (1991)

Abstract Previous work has demonstrated that compatible blends of main‐chain liquid crystal polymers (LCP) with side‐chain LCP's can be prepared. The present work was carried out to extend the scope and application of this finding to liquid crystal polyesters, similar to commercially available LCP's and to demonstrate the effect of the blend composition upon the physical and mechanical properties. A series of melt‐processable main‐chain polyesters was prepared as well as a series of acrylic polymers and copolymers which possess a side‐chain mesogenic unit, similar to that of the main‐chain LCP's. While the results of the blending studies of these high molecular weight materials were somewhat ambiguous as to compatibility, there are strong indications that the presence of the side‐chain mesogen containing polymers does result in an improvement in the overall mechanical properties of the main‐chain LCP.
Robust Node Estimation and Topology Discovery Algorithm in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

This paper introduces a novel algorithm for cardinality, i.e., the number of nodes, estimation in large scale anonymous graphs using statistical inference methods. Applications of this work include estimating the number of sensor devices, online social users, active protein cells, etc. In anonymous graphs, each node possesses little or non-existing information on the network topology. In particular, this paper assumes that each node only knows its unique identifier. The aim is to estimate the cardinality of the graph and the neighbours of each node by querying a small portion of them. While the former allows the design of more efficient coding schemes for the network, the second provides a reliable way for routing packets. As a reference for comparison, this work considers the Best Linear Unbiased Estimators (BLUE). For dense graphs and specific running times, the proposed algorithm produces a cardinality estimate proportional to the BLUE. Furthermore, for an arbitrary number of iterations, the estimate converges to the BLUE as the number of queried nodes tends to the total number of nodes in the network. Simulation results confirm the theoretical results by revealing that, for a moderate running time, asking a small group of nodes is sufficient to perform an estimation of 95% of the whole network.
Aerosol delivery of dry powder synthetic lung surfactant to surfactant-deficient rabbits and preterm lambs on non-invasive respiratory support (2019)

<b>Background</b>: The development of synthetic lung surfactant for preterm infants has focused on peptide analogues of native surfactant proteins B and C (SP-B and SP-C). Non-invasive respiratory support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) may benefit from synthetic surfactant for aerosol delivery. <b>Methods</b>: A total of three dry powder (DP) surfactants, consisting of phospholipids and the SP-B analogue Super Mini-B (SMB), and one negative control DP surfactant without SMB, were produced with the Acorda Therapeutics ARCUS® Pulmonary Dry Powder Technology. Structure of the DP surfactants was compared with FTIR spectroscopy, <i>in vitro</i> surface activity with captive bubble surfactometry, and <i>in vivo</i> activity in surfactant-deficient adult rabbits and preterm lambs. In the animal experiments, intratracheal (IT) aerosol delivery was compared with surfactant aerosolization during nCPAP support. Surfactant dosage was 100 mg/kg of lipids and aerosolization was performed using a low flow inhaler. <b>Results:</b> FTIR spectra of the three DP surfactants each showed secondary structures compatible with peptide folding as an α-helix hairpin, similar to that previously noted for surface-active SMB in other lipids. The DP surfactants with SMB demonstrated <i>in vitro</i> surface activity <1 mN/m. Oxygenation and lung function increased quickly after IT aerosolization of DP surfactant in both surfactant-deficient rabbits and preterm lambs, similar to improvements seen with clinical surfactant. The response to nCPAP aerosol delivery of DP surfactant was about 50% of IT aerosol delivery, but could be boosted with a second dose in the preterm lambs. <b>Conclusions:</b> Aerosol delivery of DP synthetic surfactant during non-invasive respiratory support with nCPAP significantly improved oxygenation and lung function in surfactant-deficient animals and this response could be enhanced by giving a second dose. Aerosol delivery of DP synthetic lung surfactant has potential for clinical applications.
Synthesis, Modeling, and Experimental Characterization of Graphite Nanoplatelet-Based Composites for EMC Applications (2012)

Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) are bidimensional carbon nanostructures consisting of stacks of graphene sheets, having thickness in the range from one up to a few tens of nanometers, and lateral linear dimension in the micrometer range. These nanostructures represent a good candidate to replace carbon nanotubes in composites for electromagnetic applications. This paper proposes a new model based on the Maxwell-Garnett approach to compute the effective complex permittivity of GNP-filled nanocomposites. The effect of the dimensional probabilistic distribution of the nanofiller is investigated. To this purpose, an extensive experimental characterization of the morphological and physical properties of the GNPs after synthesis is performed. The proposed model is validated by comparison with the measured effective permittivity of GNP-composites with different concentrations, and it is used for the design of radar-absorbing materials in the frequency range 1-18 GHz.
Higher irradiance and photodynamic therapy for age-related macular degeneration (an AOS thesis). (2008)

Verteporfin PDT could safely be performed at higher irradiances, permitting a clinically practical therapy. Ultimately, clinical trials demonstrated that verteporfin PDT could limit moderate vision loss in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Although anti-VEGF therapy has replaced PDT as a first-line therapy, PDT may still have a role, perhaps in combination therapies. Further investigations to optimize drug delivery and to better understand the molecular mechanisms of PDT effects in both choroidal neovascularization and retina will improve its application in macular diseases.
Scaling Bounded Model Checking By Transforming Programs With Arrays (2016)

Bounded Model Checking is one the most successful techniques for finding bugs in program. However, for programs with loops iterating over large-sized arrays, bounded model checkers often exceed the limit of resources available to them. We present a transformation that enables bounded model checkers to verify a certain class of array properties. Our technique transforms an array-manipulating program in ANSI-C to an array-free and loop-free program. The transformed program can efficiently be verified by an off-the-shelf bounded model checker. Though the transformed program is, in general, an abstraction of the original program, we formally characterize the properties for which the transformation is precise. We demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of our technique on both industry code as well as academic benchmarks.
Laser weld penetration estimation using temperature measurements (1997)

Penetration depth is an important factor critical to the quality of a laser weld. This paper examines the feasibility of using temperature measurements on the bottom surface of the work-piece to estimate weld penetration. A three-dimensional analytical model relating penetration depth, weld bead width and welding speed to temperature distribution at the bottom surface of the workpiece is developed. Temperatures on the bottom surface of the workpiece are measured using infrared thermocouples located behind the laser beam. Experimental results from bead-on-plate welds on low carbon steel plates of varying thickness at different levels of laser power and speeds validate the model and show that the temperature on the bottom surface is a sensitive indicator of penetration depth. The proposed model is computationally efficient and is suitable for on-line process monitoring application.
Hallucinating the Full Face from the Periocular Region via Dimensionally Weighted K-SVD (2014)

Identifying a suspect wearing a mask (where only the suspect's periocular region is visible) is one of the toughest real-world challenges in biometrics that exist. In this paper, we present a practical method to hallucinate the full frontal face given only the periocular region of a face. This is an important problem faced in many law-enforcement applications on almost a daily basis. In such real-world situations, we only have access to the periocular region of a person's face. Unfortunately commercial matchers are unable to process these images successfully. We propose in this paper, an approach that will reconstruct the entire frontal face using just the periocular region. We empirically show that our reconstruction technique, based on a modified sparsifying dictionary learning algorithm, can effectively reconstruct faces which we show are actually very similar to the original ground-truth faces. Further, our method is open set, thus can reconstruct any face not seen in training. We show the real-world applicability of method by benchmarking face verification results using the reconstructed faces to show that they still match competitively compared to the original faces when evaluated under a large-scale face verification protocol such as NIST's FRGC protocol where over 256 million face matches are made.
Arrival time variations of pulses in shallow water and low-frequency acoustical underwater positioning. (2009)

Variations in acoustic arrival time in shallow water are presented to establish a method for long range underwater acoustical positioning systems (UWPSs) with possible applications for underwater vehicles. At the present time, there are different methods used for UWPS for only short distances (about a few hundred meters), relating the sound signals to distance based on ocean physical properties. It is possible to use arrival times of high-frequency signals (up to 100 kHz) radiated by a set of reference sound sources (such as 3–4), placed at different points in an area to determine the position. However, the main problem for long range positioning (i.e., operation area of several hundred to thousand kilometers) is significant spatial and temporal variabilities of waveguide environmental properties affecting the signal travel time. To establish limits for low-frequency acoustical UWPS, here we use recent field observations in the SW06 experiment to estimate signal arrival time variations caused by different hydrodynamic conditions observed simultaneously during acoustic transmissions. Based on preliminary mapping of the operation area, and the subsequent optimization, the accuracy related to the waveguide dynamics is presented. [Work supported by ONR321OA and CRDF.
An approach to knowledge-based Word Sense Disambiguation using semantic trees built on a WordNet lexicon network (2011)

This paper proposes a knowledge-based WSD (Word Sense Disambiguation) method derived from the Lesk algorithm. The proposed method considers an extension of the definition domain of the Lesk algorithm by creating a lexicon network from tagged lexicon glosses. We present several methods that adjust the lexicon network in order to better describe the natural language. Further, on the pre-processed lexicon network we build competence and definition semantic trees for each sense that will be used to compute costs of semantic similarity between words senses. For this purpose we use a WSD window limited to a phrase, and a similar reasoning for larger contexts. For testing we apply our methods to the recently WordNet tagged glosses.
Influence of N-Linked Glycosylation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GP5 on Virus Infectivity, Antigenicity, and Ability To Induce Neutralizing Antibodies (2006)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is the most abundant envelope glycoprotein and a major inducer of neutralizing antibodies in vivo. Three putative N-linked glycosylation sites (N34, N44, and N51) are located on the GP5 ectodomain, where a major neutralization epitope also exists. To determine which of these putative sites are used for glycosylation and the role of the glycan moieties in the neutralizing antibody response, we generated a panel of GP5 mutants containing amino acid substitutions at these sites. Biochemical studies with expressed wild-type (wt) and mutant proteins revealed that the mature GP5 contains high-mannose-type sugar moieties at all three sites. These mutations were subsequently incorporated into a full-length cDNA clone. Our data demonstrate that mutations involving residue N44 did not result in infectious progeny production, indicating that N44 is the most critical amino acid residue for infectivity. Viruses carrying mutations at N34, N51, and N34/51 grew to lower titers than the wt PRRSV. In serum neutralization assays, the mutant viruses exhibited enhanced sensitivity to neutralization by wt PRRSV-specific antibodies. Furthermore, inoculation of pigs with the mutant viruses induced significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against the mutant as well as the wt PRRSV, suggesting that the loss of glycan residues in the ectodomain of GP5 enhances both the sensitivity of these viruses to in vitro neutralization and the immunogenicity of the nearby neutralization epitope. These results should have great significance for development of PRRSV vaccines of enhanced protective efficacy.
A Compact Low-loss Magic-T using Microstrip-Slotline Transitions (2007)

The design of a compact low-loss magic-T is proposed. The planar magic-T incorporates the compact microstrip-slotline tee junction and small microstrip-slotline transition area to reduce slotline radiation. The experimental results show that the magic-T produces broadband in-phase and out-of-phase power combiner/divider responses, has an average in-band insertion loss of 0.3 dB and small in-band phase and amplitude imbalance of less than plusmn 1.6deg and plusmn 0.3 dB, respectively.
Flagellin Is an Effective Adjuvant for Immunization against Lethal Respiratory Challenge with<i>Yersinia pestis</i> (2006)

Gram-negative flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, is a potent inducer of innate immune effectors such as cytokines and nitric oxide. In the lung, flagellin induces a localized and transient innate immune response characterized by neutrophil infiltration and the production of cytokines and chemokines. In view of the extraordinary potency of flagellin as an inducer of innate immunity and the contribution of innate responses to the development of adaptive immunity, we evaluated the efficacy of recombinant Salmonella flagellin as an adjuvant in an acellular plague vaccine. Mice immunized intranasally or intratracheally with the F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis and flagellin exhibited dramatic increases in anti-F1 plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers that remained stable over time. In contrast, control mice had low or undetectable antibody responses. The IgG1/IgG2a ratio of antibody titers against F1 in immunized mice is consistent with a Th2 bias. However, no significant antigen-specific IgE production was detected. Interferons, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 were not essential for the adjuvant effects of flagellin. Preexisting antiflagellin antibodies had no significant effect on the adjuvant activity of flagellin. Importantly, intranasal immunization with flagellin and the F1 antigen was protective against intranasal challenge with virulent Y. pestis CO92, with 93 to 100% survival of immunized mice. Lastly, vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with flagellin and a fusion of the F1 and V antigens of Y. pestis induced a robust antigen-specific IgG antibody response.
A Mechanical Nanomembrane Detector for Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2011)

We describe here a new principle for ion detection in time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry in which an impinging ion packet excites mechanical vibrations in a silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) nanomembrane. The nanomembrane oscillations are detected by means of time-varying field emission of electrons from the mechanically oscillating nanomembrane. Ion detection is demonstrated in the MALDI-TOF analysis of proteins varying in mass from 5729 (insulin) to 150,000 (Immunoglobulin G) daltons. The detector response agrees well with the predictions of a thermomechanical model in which the impinging ion packet causes a nonuniform temperature distribution in the nanomembrane, exciting both fundamental and higher order oscillations.
Cyclostationary Stochastic Jitter Measurement Method With Uncertainty Prediction (2017)

This paper presents a completely new approach to measure the jitter at the output of a sample-and-hold circuit. A cyclostationary stochastic process is used to model the entire noise of the measurement system. This approach relies on the calculation of a cyclostationary variance, representing a complete description of the noise of the measurement system. This provides the basis for conducting powerful analyses of how the various noise sources contribute to the cyclostationary variance, enabling the user to gain a deep insight into the noise behavior of the system. A new jitter estimator is derived that provides some new and unprecedented features. First, it is robust against the second harmonic of the input signal, and second, it allows for the elimination of cyclostationary noise contributed by the data acquisition device. A stochastic model of the method is derived and a thorough analysis of the uncertainty of the proposed estimator is presented. This results in a formula that allows for the prediction of the measurement uncertainty and another formula that allows for the calculation of the required number of samples in order to meet a given uncertainty. The method proved to be accurate in Monte Carlo simulations and in measurements as well. A jitter in the range of 22 fs out of a 10-GS/s sample-and-hold integrated circuit was successfully measured with a standard deviation of 230 as.
Fortimicins A and B, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. I. Producing organism, fermentation a biological properties of fortimicins. (1977)

A culture of Micromonospora species MK-70 was found to produce two new antibiotics, fortimicins A and B. Antibacterial and paper chromatographic data on an eluate from IRC-50 treatment of fermentation beers indicated that fortimicins A and B are new antibiotics with broad-spectrum, basic and water-soluble properties. Fortimicin A exhibited potent, unique, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and negative bacteria both in vitro and in vivo, while fortimicin B was only weakly active.
Fungicidal properties of two saponins from <i>Capsicum frutescens</i> and the relationship of structure and fungicidal activity (2006)

Two steroidal saponins have been purified from cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Both have the same steroidal moiety but differ in the number of glucose moieties: the first saponin has four glucose moieties (molecular mass 1081 Da) and the second contains three glucose moieties (molecular mass 919 Da). Solubility in aqueous solution is less for the saponin containing three glucose moieties than for the one containing four glucose moieties. The larger saponin was slightly fungicidal against the nongerminated and germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, and F. graminearum, whereas, the second saponin (molecular mass 919 Da) was inactive against these fungi. Results indicate that the absence of one glucose molecule affects the fungicidal and aqueous solubility properties of these similar molecules.
Fluid-coupled hollow metallic micromachined needle arrays (1998)

In this paper, fluid coupled metallic micromachined needle arrays are designed, fabricated, and characterized. The described hollow metallic needle arrays include design features such as dual structural supports and needle coupling channels. The supports and needle walls are formed by micro-electroformed metal to provide increased structural integrity. The needle coupling channels are used to fluidically interconnect the needles and allow pressure equalization and balance of fluid flow between needles. In addition, the needle coupling channels minimize the effects of restricted needle passages by providing a redistribution point for fluid flow between them. The optimum design for the needle coupling channels is investigated using an ANSYS finite element numerical model. The significance of this work includes the development of hollow, metallic micromachined needle arrays for biomedical applications, as well as, a discussion of structural, fluidic, and biological design considerations.
Estimating Service Resource Consumption From Response Time Measurements (2009)

We propose a linear regression method and a maximum likelihood technique for estimating the service demands of requests based on measurement of their response times instead of their CPU utilization. Our approach does not require server instrumentation or sampling, thus simplifying the parameterizati
Aqueous pretreatments of polyetherimide to facilitate the bonding of electrolessly deposited copper (1992)

A chemical method for pretreating polyetherimide substrates to promote adhesion to copper is described. The process consists of cleaning the polymer surface followed by surface normalization, debris solubilization, and adhesion promotion via chemical modification of the polymer surface. Classes of candidates for each of the major steps are described and the optimal agents assembled into a recommended procedure. Peel strengths between 150-210 g mm-1 for copper to polyetherimide were achieved utilizing the suggested scheme. Scanning electron microscopic and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses were employed to investigate changes in the polymer surface and chemistry during processing. Metallized specimens were examined after 90° peel testing and the failure locus found to be within the polymer layer.