gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modular Synthesis of Functionalisable Alkoxy‐Tethered N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and an Active Catalyst for Buchwald–Hartwig Aminations (2014)

Abstract Modular syntheses of functionalised, alkoxy‐tethered 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolium (IMes⋅H + ) and 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium (IPr⋅H + ) derivatives 1,3‐bis(4‐alkyloxy‐2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolium (IXyO R ⋅H + ) and 1,3‐bis(4‐alkyloxy‐2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium (IPrO R ⋅H + ) are reported. A reliable synthesis of the key starting material 4‐amino‐3,5‐diisopropylphenol is also described. Etherification of hydroxy‐decorated ligand intermediates before formation of the imidazolium core and subsequent modification, or direct etherification of the versatile synthon IPrO H ⋅HCl, allowed access to various linker types including triethoxysilyl, primary amino and norbornenyl, which are not accessible by other methods. An IPrO R –palladium(II) complex was prepared, and its catalytic activity was evaluated in challenging Buchwald–Hartwig aminations of aryl chlorides. This precatalyst displayed excellent activity and selectivity under mild reaction conditions, achieving in some cases a 10‐fold improvement in TOF relative to the IPr‐based version. An unexpected activity profile was observed wherein sterically demanding anilines were coupled more easily than those lacking ortho ‐substitution. magnified image
Plasma-Assisted MBE Growth of GaN on HVPE-GaN Substrates (1999)

In this article we show that homoepitaxial growth of GaN at elevated temperatures on hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown GaN templates shows an increased ratio of band edge photoluminescence intensity to yellow emission. The doping studies at 740 to 800 °C resulted in net electron concentration >1019 cm—3 for GaN:Si and net hole concentration >1018 cm—3 for GaN:Mg as measured by Hall and C–V measurements. We also present results on homoepitaxial GaN p–n-junction LEDs grown by plasma-assisted MBE. Top contact LEDs turn on at 3.45 V and have series resistance less than 18 Ω. Electroluminescence peak wavelength and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) are 374 nm and 14 nm, respectively, at 100 mA driving current.
Hydrocarbon assimilation and biosurfactant production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants (1991)

We isolated transposon Tn5-GM-induced mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PG201 that were unable to grow in minimal media containing hexadecane as a carbon source. Some of these mutants lacked extracellular rhamnolipids, as shown by measuring the surface and interfacial tensions of the cell culture supernatants. Furthermore, the concentrated culture media of the mutant strains were tested for the presence of rhamnolipids by thin-layer chromatography and for rhamnolipid activities, including hemolysis and growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis. Mutant 65E12 was unable to produce extracellular rhamnolipids under any of the conditions tested, lacked the capacity to take up 14C-labeled hexadecane, and did not grow in media containing individual alkanes with chain lengths ranging from C12 to C19. However, growth on these alkanes and uptake of [14C]hexadecane were restored when small amounts of purified rhamnolipids were added to the cultures. Mutant 59C7 was unable to grow in media containing hexadecane, nor was it able to take up [14C]hexadecane. The addition of small amounts of rhamnolipids restored growth on alkanes and [14C]hexadecane uptake. In glucose-containing media, however, mutant 59C7 produced rhamnolipids at levels about twice as high as those of the wild-type strain. These results show that rhamnolipids play a major role in hexadecane uptake and utilization by P. aeruginosa.
Interactive SPH simulation and rendering on the GPU (2010)

In this paper we introduce a novel parallel and interactive SPH simulation and rendering method on the GPU using CUDA which allows for high quality visualization. The crucial particle neighborhood search is based on Z-indexing and parallel sorting which eliminates GPU memory overhead due to grid or hierarchical data structures. Furthermore, it overcomes limitations imposed by shading languages allowing it to be very flexible and approaching the practical limits of modern graphics hardware. For visualizing the SPH simulation we introduce a new rendering pipeline. In the first step, all surface particles are efficiently extracted from the SPH particle cloud exploiting the simulation data. Subsequently, a partial and therefore fast distance field volume is rasterized from the surface particles. In the last step, the distance field volume is directly rendered using state-of-the-art GPU raycasting. This rendering pipeline allows for high quality visualization at very high frame rates.
Re-usable software design for programmable logic controllers (1995)

It is the aim of this paper to present a model conceived for supporting the initial, critical phases of PLC software life cycle, namely requirement specification, requirement analysis and software design, to obtain reusable code. The model, named EASIER, is based on an object-oriented paradigm where the message-method mechanism is replaced by the law and action primitives, since they are more suitable to cope with the real-time, cyclic nature of PLC software. Software re-usability is pursued by identifying independent control modules through a proper bedded encapsulation mechanism, representing system dynamics by means of synchronized state diagrams, expressing context-free behaviour of system components by introducing virtual objects. The EASIER approach is presently validated with respect to relevant reverse and forward engineering applications; from one of these cases we derive the examples used in the paper.
Novel MLSE Interference Canceller with an APC Circuit that Compensates for Phase Rotation of Interference Signals (2008)

We propose a novel interference canceller with an automatic phase control (APC) circuit that compensates for the phase error of interference signals. The proposed APC circuit estimates and compensates for the phase rotation of interference signals, enabling the proposed interference canceller with APC to achieve high BER performance. We use a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) interference canceller for fixed wireless access (FWA) co-channel interferences. Degradations of signal replica accuracy incur a BER performance penalty. The novel APC circuit, which uses a simple estimation algorithm, can effectively compensate for frequency offset and phase rotation. Computer simulations show that our proposed interference canceller improves BER performance.
Separation of Cavitation‐Strain and Creep‐Strain During Deformation (1982)

A significant fraction of the strain in high‐temperature deformation may arise from cavitation. A methodology is described for separating the creep strain from the cavitation strain. Such a distinction is necessary because cavitation and creep are mechanistically different processes.
Planning and Design of Low-Power-Consuming Full-Outer-Air-Intake Natural Air-Conditioning System (2019)

A person stays indoors for about 85%∼90% time of his lifetime, and the need for a comfortable indoor environment is getting higher; thus, the air-conditioning dependency becomes intense too. Nowadays, residents focus on both the comfortable living environment and indoor air quality. A closed environment will become hazardous because of carbon dioxide released during respiration and toxic organic solvent vapor released from interior decoration. In order to improve the indoor air quality (IAQ), we must allow outer fresh air into the indoor space and release the dirty air out. But while taking in fresh air, the heat and factory/vehicle exhaust are also introduced. Indoor CO<sub>2</sub>, HCHO, and VOCs and outer dirty gas threaten human health badly. To solve this problem, we bring up an innovative low-power-consuming full-outer-air-intake natural air-conditioning system that completely separates intake and exhaust air, which is a solution for cross-contamination and makes mass/energy exchange by means of air and water. Design airflow exceeds 300∼500 CFM, steam evaporation mass rate reaches 3.13∼3.88 kg/hr, and heat exchange capacity becomes 1,855∼2,300 kcal/hr. The sensible heat effectiveness is 71%∼112%, and EER exceeds 14.05∼17.42 kcal/W·h. In addition, the system under design can be of positive or negative pressure status according to the user's or work's requirement. It creates a comfortable and healthy living environment by supplying clean and fresh outer ambient air with low power consumption.
A Smooth CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Film via a New Approach for Forming the PbI<sub>2</sub> Nanostructure Together with Strategically High CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>I Concentration for High Efficient Planar‐Heterojunction Solar Cells (2015)

The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is extremely dependent on the morphology and crystallization of the perovskite film, which is affected by the deposition method. In this work, a new approach is demonstrated for forming the PbI 2 nanostructure and the use of high CH 3 NH 3 I concentration which are adopted to form high‐quality (smooth and PbI 2 residue‐free) perovskite film with better photovoltaic performances. On the one hand, self‐assembled porous PbI 2 is formed by incorporating small amount of rationally chosen additives into the PbI 2 precursor solutions, which significantly facilitate the conversion of perovskite without any PbI 2 residue. On the other hand, by employing a relatively high CH 3 NH 3 I concentration, a firmly crystallized and uniform CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film is formed. As a result, a promising power conversion efficiency of 16.21% is achieved in planar‐heterojunction PVSCs. Furthermore, it is experimentally demonstrated that the PbI 2 residue in perovskite film has a negative effect on the long‐term stability of devices.
Detection of Lower Body for AGV Based on SSD Algorithm with ResNet (2022)

Detection of human lower body provides an implementation idea for the automatic tracking and accurate relocation of automatic vehicles. Based on traditional SSD and ResNet, this paper proposes an improved detection algorithm R-SSD for human lower body detection, which utilizes ResNet50 instead of VGG16 to improve the feature extraction level of the model. According to the application of acquisition equipment, the model input resolution is increased to 448 × 448 and the model detection range is expanded. Six feature maps of the updated resolution network are selected for detection and the lower body image dataset is clustered into five categories for aspect ratio, which are evenly distributed to each feature detection map. The experimental results show that the model R-SSD detection accuracy after training reaches 85.1% mAP. Compared with the original SSD, the detection accuracy is improved by 7% mAP. The detection confidence in practical application reaches more than 99%, which lays the foundation for subsequent tracking and relocation for automatic vehicles.
Investigation of Phase Stability in the System Sic‐AlN (1983)

Dense samples of several compositions in the system SiC‐AIN were fabricated by hot‐pressing. The SiC‐AIN powder was prepared by carbothermal reduction of an intimate mixture of alumina, silica, and carbon in a nitrogen atmosphere. X‐ray diffraction and electron and optical microscopy were used to determine the chemical and microstructural characteristics of the hot‐pressed specimens. Materials with bulk compositions between 15 and 75 wt% AIN were found to be nonhomo‐geneous when hot‐pressed below 2100°C. These materials were determined to be a mixture of SiC‐AIN solid solutions with different compositions. The observed compositional variations were distinctly bimodal. The source of the in‐homogeneity was the starting SiC‐AIN powder. The powders, as well as the hot‐pressed samples, consisted of a mixture of small crystals rich in SiC and large AIN‐rich crystals. Compositions outside the 15 to 75 wt% AIN region were found to be single phase and to have the wurtzite structure. Hot‐pressing SiC‐AIN in the intermediate composition range at 2300°C produced an optically and chemically homogeneous material. The precipitation of an SiC‐rich phase from a 75 wt% AIN solid solution and the precipitation of an AIN‐rich phase from a 47 wt% AIN alloy when annealed at 1700°C are strong indications that a miscibility gas exists in the system SiC‐AIN.
A Novel Process for the Manufacture of Auxetic Foams and for Their re‐Conversion to Conventional Form (2009)

Images showing the microstructure of conventional and auxetic foams produced through the traditional thermo–mechanical process and the novel chemo–mechanical process. Auxetic foams exhibit the unusual property of becoming fatter which when stretched a property which makes them superior to conventional foams in various applications ranging from smart tunable filters to vibration-proofing materials.
Stochastic Joint Simulation of Facies and Diagenesis: A Case Study on Early Diagenesis of the Madison Formation (Wyoming, USA) (2011)

The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated approach to reproduce both facies and diagenetic trends in a static reservoir model based on an outcrop case study. In Wyoming (USA), the Madison Formation (Mississippian) is a thick (up to 350 m) carbonate series, outcropping in several locations of the Bighorn foreland basin.Within these series, nine sedimentary facies have been identified. Based on their vertical stacking pattern, they are organized in small-scale facies sequences: 1) intertidal to supratidal facies sequence; 2) shallow subtidal to intertidal facies sequence; 3) deep subtidal facies sequence. These facies associations have been integrated in a synthetic depositional model, which corresponds to a carbonate ramp progressively evolving towards the most inner part of a platform. This enables to propose a sequence stratigraphy framework for the studied series, that represents at least six third-order sequences (some of them being locally eroded).The diagenetic study has been focused on the identification of the early diagenetic phases. Results from these analyses show the occurrence of several successive early diagenetic phases (micritization, marine calcite cementation, dolomitization, etc.). For modeling purposes, seven “diagenetic imprints” have been defined, each of them corresponding to a succession of diagenetic phases that can coexist in the same sedimentary facies. Moreover, as each sedimentary facies may be affected by several diagenetic imprints, a quantification of these imprints has been realized.A 3D gridded model designed for geostatistical modeling has been constructed in order to reproduce the facies organization of the three first third-order sequences (that are the best documented). The gridding is then based on the four sequence boundaries which have been recognized on every section. The relationships between sedimentary facies and diagenesis have been used to define lithofacies simulation rules. The simulations are based on the plurigaussian and nested algorithms. Finally, a discussion on the distribution of the potential reservoir heterogeneities is proposed, taking into account the sedimentary characteristics (facies, architectures, etc.) and the diagenetic impact.
Electricians Need Algebra, Too (2002)

The story begins with a thirty-second commercial, aired in spring and summer 2000 on WILX-TV, channel 10, a Lansing-area television station.
Acetylation of Metabolic Enzymes Coordinates Carbon Source Utilization and Metabolic Flux (2010)

Lysine acetylation regulates many eukaryotic cellular processes, but its function in prokaryotes is largely unknown. We demonstrated that central metabolism enzymes in Salmonella were acetylated extensively and differentially in response to different carbon sources, concomitantly with changes in cell growth and metabolic flux. The relative activities of key enzymes controlling the direction of glycolysis versus gluconeogenesis and the branching between citrate cycle and glyoxylate bypass were all regulated by acetylation. This modulation is mainly controlled by a pair of lysine acetyltransferase and deacetylase, whose expressions are coordinated with growth status. Reversible acetylation of metabolic enzymes ensure that cells respond environmental changes via promptly sensing cellular energy status and flexibly altering reaction rates or directions. It represents a metabolic regulatory mechanism conserved from bacteria to mammals.
Theory and analysis of elastic plates (1999)

Preface 1.General Introduction and Preliminaries 2.Virtual Work Principles and Solution Methods 3.Theory and Analysis of Euler-Bernoulli Beams 4.Theory and Analysis of Timoshenko Beams 5.The Classical Plate Theory 6.The First Order Shear Deformation Theory 7.Variational Solutions of Plates 8.Finite Element Analysis of Beams and Plates 9.Refined Theories of Plates 10.Nonlinear Analysis of Beams and Plates Subject Index
Toward Intrinsic Graphene Surfaces: A Systematic Study on Thermal Annealing and Wet-Chemical Treatment of SiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Graphene Devices (2011)

By combining atomic force microscopy and trans-port measurements, we systematically investigated effects of thermal annealing on surface morphologies and electrical properties of single-layer graphene devices fabricated by electron beam lithography on silicon oxide (SiO(2)) substrates. Thermal treatment above 300 °C in vacuum was required to effectively remove resist residues on graphene surfaces. However, annealing at high temperature was found to concomitantly bring graphene in close contact with SiO(2) substrates and induce increased coupling between them, which leads to heavy hole doping and severe degradation of mobilities in graphene devices. To address this problem, a wet-chemical approach employing chloroform was developed in our study, which was shown to enable both intrinsic surfaces and enhanced electrical properties of graphene devices. Upon the recovery of intrinsic surfaces of graphene, the adsorption and assisted fibrillation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ1-42) on graphene were electrically measured in real time.
Coordination Dynamics and Thermal Stability with Aminal Metallogels and Liquids (2019)

In this article, we review a dynamic covalent gel system developed as a high temperature well construction fluid. The key gel/fluid phase changes and related materials properties are addressable via the constitutional and coordination dynamics of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular species comprising the material. The interplay between these species and external stimuli leads to material adaptability. Specifically, the introduction of metal ions into a non-equilibrium hemiaminal gel reverts this phase into a non-equilibrium liquid. When heated, this liquid transforms itself catalytically into the thermodynamically favoured closed-ring polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) gel product. The temperature stability of different PHT gel formulations is evaluated as a function of the inclusion of various salts. It is possible to revert this thermodynamic PHT gel back into a liquid. This pH dependent transformation depends on the R groups linking the hexahydrotriazines (HTs) to one another. While polyethylene glycol (PEG) based PHT gels revert to liquids with water and mild protonation conditions, in comparison, polypropylene glycol (PPG) based gels require stronger acid conditions with heat, or a different more nucleophilically driven ring-opening mechanism by, for example, phosphines. The covalent dynamic chemistry in this chemical system gives way to many possible applications in addition to the high temperature solution-gelation (sol-gels) for which it has been primarily designed.
Use of a Phosphorus‐Enriched Dialysis Solution to Hemodialyze a Patient with Lithium Intoxication (1995)

A normophosphatemic patient suffering from lithium intoxication was hemodialyzed with a phosphorus-enriched, bicarbonate-based dialysis solution. A post-dialysis fall in plasma phosphorus level was prevented.
Durable Polymeric Films for Increasing the Performance of Concentrators (2012)

Durable solar film technology can be used to create new concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) designs which would, potentially bring the cost of generating electricity from solar energy to parity with the cost of electricity from fossil fuels. Polymeric films are typically an order of magnitude lower in cost than conventional photovoltaic cells and can be used to effectively replace relatively expensive photovoltaic cells resulting in lower overall module costs. 3M has made the world’s most reflective all polymeric wavelength selective mirror films (Weber, 2000) which are thermoformable into useful low cost solar concentrator designs. These all polymeric mirror films can also be metal vapor coated to create broad band mirror films for concentrated solar thermal, CPV, and CSP designs. 3M microreplication technology has also been shown to capture more light into a photovoltaic module by minimizing surface reflections and refracting light at low angles into the solar cell thus increasing power output. These solar films require extreme UV stability, abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, easy cleanability, and durable adhesiveness.
Biosynthesis of clavulanic acid: origin of the C3 unit (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of clavulanic acid: origin of the C3 unitCraig A. Townsend and Meng Fei HoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 4, 1066–1068Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00290a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (376 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Enzyme Immunoassay and Radioimmunoassay Methods for the Measurement of Plasma Oxytocin (2011)

Changes in oxytocin levels have been reported in social and behavioral challenge studies. This study indicates that sample extraction is necessary to obtain valid assay results. Changes in oxytocin degradation products are likely to contribute to the previously observed responses in circulating oxytocin levels to behavioral and social challenge. There is a critical need for valid and reliable methods to measure oxytocin in biologic samples.
Single‐wall carbon nanotube–polymer solar cells (2005)

Abstract Investigation of single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)–polymer solar cells has been conducted towards developing alternative lightweight, flexible devices for space power applications. Photovoltaic devices were constructed with regioregular poly(3‐octylthiophene)‐(P3OT) and purified, >95% w/w, laser‐generated SWNTs. The P3OT composites were deposited on ITO‐coated polyethylene terapthalate (PET) and I–V characterization was performed under simulated AM0 illumination. Fabricated devices for the 1.0% w/w SWNT–P3OT composites showed a photoresponse with an open‐circuit voltage V oc of 0.98 V and a short‐circuit current density (I sc ) of 0.12 mA/cm 2 . Future optimization of carrier transport and exciton dissociation within these novel photovoltaic systems is proposed to derive from incorporation of nanostructure–SWNT complexes into the polymer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.