gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A RESIDUE MANAGEMENT WHEEL FOR HOE-TYPE NO-TILL DRILLS (2004)

Adoption of conservation tillage in the Pacific Northwest lags that of the U.S. in part due to the lack of reliable seedingequipment for planting into the high residue densities encountered in this region. To overcome this problem, a drill attachmentwas developed to manage heavy residue next to the furrow opening tines of hoe-type no-till drills. The U.S. patented deviceconsists of a fingered rubber wheel, a rubber inner ring, and a spring-loaded arm that pivots about vertical and horizontal axes.The performance of the device was evaluated in terms of stand establishment and yield in Oregon and Washington. Test sitelocations varied significantly in the amount and condition of crop residue and were planted to a variety of different crops. Ascompared to the standard no-till drill without the attachment, use of the residue management wheel was found to increase thestand establishment of small seeded crops such as canola and mustard by over 40% and large seeded crops such as wheat andbarley by approximately 17%. Increases in stand establishment were attributed to fewer piles of residue covering the seed row.Use of the device also significantly increased crop yield by up to 12% in 8 of the 20 trials conducted (P < 0.10). Although theresidue management wheel costs $300 per unit to fabricate, using the device may be economically feasible if it results insignificant improvements in both stand establishment and yield.
Development of MgB2 New Superconducting Tapes and Wires. (2002)

We fabricated MgB2 tapes and wires by a powder-in-tube (PIT) method, using MgB2 powder and several sheath materials such as Cu, Cu-Ni, Ni, pure Fe, carbon steel (Fe-C), and stainless steel. Jc of the as-cold rolled (un-sintered) tape significantly increased with the increase of total cross-sectional area reduction by the cold working. Hard sheath materials such as Fe-C and stainless steel are effective to enhance the packing density of MgB2 core and, therefore, to increase Jc values. Non heat treated MgB2 tapes with Fe-C and stainless steel sheaths showed extrapolated Jc values of-3.0-4.5×109A/m2 at 4.2K and zero field. Heat treatment after the cold rolling is effective to enhance Jc values. An order of magnitude higher Jc values were obtained for Fe, Fe-C, and stainless steel sheathed tapes after the heat treatment. Extrapolated Jc values well above 1010A/m2 at 4.2K and a zero magnetic field were obtained for stainless steel and Fe-C sheathed MgB2 tapes. Jc values of PIT-processed MgB2 tapes are less sensitive to strain than those of PIT-processed Bi-based oxide tapes. It is reported that the addition of soft metal powder such as In or Sn to the MgB2 powder is effective to enhance Jc values. We made -10m-long tapes with Ni sheaths, and fabricated small solenoid coil with this tape without sintering. The Ic of the coil was about 80% of the Ic of the short tape, indicating that the homogeneity of Ic in the 10m tape is fairly good. The coil generated 1.3kGauss at 4.2K.
An N-best strategy, dynamic grammars and selectively trained neural networks for real-time recognition of continuously spelled names over the telephone (2002)

We introduce SmarTspelL, a new speaker-independent algorithm to recognize continuously spelled names over the telephone. Our method is based on an N-best multi-pass recognition strategy applying costly constraints when the number of possible candidates is low. This strategy outperforms an HMM recognizer using a grammar containing all the possible names. It is also more suitable to real-time implementation. For a 3388 name dictionary, a 95.3% name recognition rate is obtained. A real-time prototype has been implemented on a workstation. We also present comparisons of different feature sets for speech representation, and two speech recognition approaches based on first- and second-order HMMs.
Real‐time measurement of fluorescence spectra from single airborne biological particles (1999)

Improved real-time methods for characterizing airborne biological particles are needed. Here we review our efforts in developing techniques for measuring the laser-induced fluorescence (total and spectrally dispersed) of individual airborne particles, and describe our present system, which can measure fluorescence spectra of single micrometer-sized bioaerosol particles with good signal-to-noise ratios. We demonstrate the capability of this system by showing measured spectra of a variety of airborne particles generated in the laboratory from road dust, ammonium sulfate, Bacillus subtilis and other bacteria prepared under various conditions, allergens, cigarette smoke, and chicken-house dust. These spectra illustrate the capability of the system to distinguish between some biological and nonbiological aerosols, and among several types of laboratory-generated biological aerosols. We suggest improvements needed to make our system field portable. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* Field Analyt Chem Technol 3: 221–239, 1999
False Discovery Rates of Protein Identifications: A Strike against the Two-Peptide Rule (2009)

Most proteomics studies attempt to maximize the number of peptide identifications and subsequently infer proteins containing two or more peptides as reliable protein identifications. In this study, we evaluate the effect of this "two-peptide" rule on protein identifications, using multiple search tools and data sets. Contrary to the intuition, the "two-peptide" rule reduces the number of protein identifications in the target database more significantly than in the decoy database and results in increased false discovery rates, compared to the case when single-hit proteins are not discarded. We therefore recommend that the "two-peptide" rule should be abandoned, and instead, protein identifications should be subject to the estimation of error rates, as is the case with peptide identifications. We further extend the generating function approach (originally proposed for evaluating matches between a peptide and a single spectrum) to evaluating matches between a protein and an entire spectral data set.
A recent overview of porphyrin-based π-extended small molecules as donors and acceptors for high-performance organic solar cells (2021)

Structural development of porphyrin-based small molecules as electron donors and electron acceptors leads to optimal photovoltaic performances, with PCEs of over 12% and 9.6%, respectively, in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells.
High-Performance Bioassisted Nanophotocatalyst for Hydrogen Production (2013)

Nanophotocatalysis is one of the potentially efficient ways of capturing and storing solar energy. Biological energy systems that are intrinsically nanoscaled can be employed as building blocks for engineering nanobio-photocatalysts with tunable properties. Here, we report upon the application of light harvesting proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR) assembled on Pt/TiO2 nanocatalyst for visible light-driven hydrogen generation. The hybrid system produces 5275 μmole of H2 (μmole protein)(-1) h(-1) at pH 7 in the presence of methanol as a sacrificial electron donor under white light. Photoelectrochemical and transient absorption studies indicate efficient charge transfer between bR protein molecules and TiO2 nanoparticles.
Tunable Broadband MMIC Active Directional Coupler (2012)

This paper presents a tunable broadband monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) active directional coupler that demonstrates tuned coupling gains (from 3 dB to -6 dB) and tuned center frequencies. The active directional coupler consists of two broadband near 90° phase shifters, two amplifiers between these phase shifters, and varactors at the connection nodes of the phase shifters and the amplifiers. It was designed and fabricated in a 130-nm process. For a 3-dB coupling gain, the 10-dB directivity bandwidth is 2.3 GHz (from 5.5 to 7.8 GHz). The amplitude imbalance is 3 dB ±0.5 dB, the phase imbalance is 180° ± 5°, and the noise figure is less than 8 dB in the range of 4 to 9 GHz. The return losses are better than 19 dB and the insertion loss is less than 1.2 dB in the range of 4 to 9 GHz. The measured IP1 dBs for 3-dB and 0-dB coupling gains at 6.7 GHz are 0.3 dBm and 1.8 dBm, respectively. The supply voltage is 1.2 V. The measured power consumptions at 3-dB, 0-dB, - 3-dB, and - 6-dB coupling gains are 22 mW, 6 mW, 3 mW, and 1 mW, respectively. The core chip area, including two on-chip DC bias inductors, is 470 μm × 250 μm.
Toward full restoration of synaptic and terminal function of the dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease by stem cells (2003)

New therapeutic nonpharmacological methodology in Parkinson's disease (PD) involves cell and synaptic renewal or replacement to restore function of neuronal systems, including the dopaminergic (DA) system. Using fetal DA cell therapy in PD patients and laboratory models, it has been demonstrated that functional motor deficits associated with parkinsonism can be reduced. Similar results have been observed in animal models with stem cell-derived DA neurons. Evidence obtained from transplanted PD patients further shows that the underlying disease process does not destroy transplanted fetal DA cells, although degeneration of the host nigrostriatal system continues. The optimal DA cell regeneration system would reconstitute a normal neuronal network capable of restoring feedback-controlled release of DA in the nigrostriatal system. The success of cell therapy for PD is limited by access to preparation and development of highly specialized dopaminergic neurons found in the A9 and A10 region of the substantia nigra pars compacta as well as the technical and surgical steps associated with the transplantation procedure. Recent laboratory work has focused on using stem cells as a starting point for deriving the optimal DA cells to restore the nigrostriatal system. Ultimately, understanding the cell biological principles necessary for generating functional DA neurons can provide many new avenues for better treatment of patients with PD.
A Novel Constituent from <i>Rollinia </i><i>m</i><i>ucosa</i>, Rollicosin, and a New Approach to Develop Annonaceous Acetogenins as Potential Antitumor Agents (2002)

Rollicosin (1), a new Annonaceous acetogenin, was isolated from the unripe fruits of Rollinia mucosa. Rollicosin (1) is the first compound of this type to contain lactone moieties on both sides of the aliphatic chain and to lack either tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydropyran rings. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. This compound may serve as a new prototype molecule to develop Annonaceous acetogenins as potential antitumor agents.
Simplified Security Notions of Direct Anonymous Attestation and a Concrete Scheme from Pairings. (2008)

Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) is a cryptographic mechanism that enables remote authentication of a user while preserving privacy under the user’s control. The DAA scheme developed by Brickell, Camenisch, and Chen has been adopted by the Trust Computing Group (TCG) for remote anonymous attestation of Trusted Platform Module (TPM), a small hardware device with limited storage space and communication capability. In this paper, we provide two contributions to DAA. We flrst introduce simplifled security notions of DAA including the formal deflnitions of user controlled anonymity and traceability. We then propose a new DAA scheme from elliptic curve cryptography and bilinear maps. The lengths of private keys and signatures in our scheme are much shorter than the lengths in the original DAA scheme, with a similar level of security and computational complexity. Our scheme builds upon the Camenisch-Lysyanskaya signature scheme and is e‐cient and provably secure in the random oracle model under the LRSW (stands for Lysyanskaya, Rivest, Sahai and Wolf) assumption and the decisional Bilinear Di‐e-Hellman assumption.
Electrostatic Control of Bioactivity (2011)

The power of independence: When exhibited on the surface of self-assembling peptide-amphiphile nanofibers, the hydrophobic laminin-derived IKVAV epitope induced nanofiber bundling through interdigitation with neighboring fibers and thus decreased the bioactivity of the resulting materials. The inclusion of charged amino acids in the peptide amphiphiles disrupted the tendency to bundle and led to significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth (see picture).
Design and synthesis of a bivalent ligand to explore the putative heterodimerization of the mu opioid receptor and the chemokine receptor CCR5 (2012)

The bivalent ligand approach has been utilized not only to study the underlying mechanism of G protein-coupled receptors dimerization and/or oligomerization, but also to enhance ligand affinity and/or selectivity for potential treatment of a variety of diseases by targeting this process. Substance abuse and addiction have made both the prevention and the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection more difficult to tackle. Morphine, a mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, can accelerate HIV infection through up-regulating the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5, a well-known co-receptor for HIV invasion to the host cells and this has been extensively studied. Meanwhile, two research groups have described the putative MOR-CCR5 heterodimers in their independent studies. The purpose of this paper is to report the design and synthesis of a bivalent ligand to explore the biological and pharmacological process of the putative MOR-CCR5 dimerization phenomenon. The developed bivalent ligand thus contains two distinct pharmacophores linked through a spacer; ideally one of which will interact with the MOR and the other with the CCR5. Naltrexone and Maraviroc were selected as the pharmacophores to generate such a bivalent probe. The overall reaction route to prepare this bivalent ligand was convergent and efficient, and involved sixteen steps with moderate to good yields. The preliminary biological characterization showed that the bivalent compound 1 retained the pharmacological characteristics of both pharmacophores towards the MOR and the CCR5 respectively with relatively lower binding affinity, which tentatively validated our original molecular design.
Frequency-Tunable External Cavity Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser (2009)

We demonstrate a tunable terahertz quantum cascade laser using an abutted silicon lens and grating feedback. The device tunes discontinuously over 160 GHz with a center frequency of 4.4 THz.
ENHANCED PRACTICAL PHOTOSYNTHETIC CO2 MITIGATION (2003)

This quarterly report documents significant achievements in the Enhanced Practical Photosynthetic CO{sub 2} Mitigation project during the period from 1/2/2003 through 4/01/2003. As indicated in the list of accomplishments below we are progressing with long-term model scale bioreactor tests and are completing final preparations for pilot scale bioreactor testing. Specific results and accomplishments for the first quarter of 2003 are included.
Methioninase cancer gene therapy with selenomethionine as suicide prodrug substrate. (2001)

In this study, we report a novel approach to gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy for cancer. This gene therapy strategy exploits the toxic pro-oxidant property of methylselenol, which is released from selenomethionine (SeMET) by cancer cells with the adenoviral-delivered methionine alpha,gamma-lyase (MET) gene cloned from Pseudomonas putida. In MET-transduced tumor cells, the cytotoxicity of SeMET is increased up to 1000-fold compared with nontransduced cells. A strong bystander effect occurred because of methylselenol release from MET gene-transduced cells and uptake by surrounding tumor cells. Methylselenol damaged the mitochondria via oxidative stress and caused cytochrome c release into the cytosol, thereby activating the caspase cascade and apoptosis. Adenoviral MET-gene/SeMET treatment also inhibited tumor growth in rodents and significantly prolonged their survival. Recombinant adenovirus-encoding MET gene-SeMET treatment thereby offers a new paradigm for cancer gene therapy.
SiC microcomponents via reaction of C60 with silicon (1994)

Free silicon carbide microcomponents are produced on silicon wafers. Silicon carbide is selectively grown on silicon by reaction of C60 with the substrate at surface temperatures between 900 and 1200 K. Because of the large lattice mismatch (∼20%), the adhesion of the silicon carbide film is weak after growth of 1–1.5 μm thickness. An atomic force microscope tip can subsequently maneuver the microcomponent to a desired location on the wafer.
A Panel of Four miRNAs Accurately Differentiates Malignant from Benign Indeterminate Thyroid Lesions on Fine Needle Aspiration (2012)

This study shows that that the expression of miR-222, miR-328, miR-197, and miR-21 combined in a predictive model is accurate at differentiating malignant from benign indeterminate thyroid lesions on FNA. These findings suggest that FNA miRNA analysis could be a useful adjunct in the management algorithm of patients with thyroid nodules.
Estrophilin assays in breast cancer: Quantitative features and application to the mastectomy specimen (1980)

Knowledge of the tumor content of estrogen receptor, called estrophilin, has proved to be of significant clinical value in human breast cancer. Although most breast cancer tissues contain cytosol estrophilin, essentially only patients whose cancers have moderate to high levels of estrophilin, designated estrophilin-rich, are found to respond to endocrine therapy. About two-thirds of patients with estrophilin-rich cancers obtain objective benefit from endocrine therapy. Present results indicate that predictions of response to endocrine therapy at time of recurrence can be based on the estrophilin assay of the primary lesion. Nonetheless, changes in estrophilin content during the course of disease are not uncommon. Despite an occasional patient in whom multiple samples separated by a long time have unchanged estrophilin content, there is a general tendency toward decreased estrophilin content with time.
SQML (2017)

Many enterprises have migrated their data from an on-site database to a cloud-based database-as-a-service that handles all database-related administrative tasks while providing a simple SQL interface to the end user. Businesses are also increasingly relying on machine learning to understand their customers and develop new products. Given these converging trends, there is a pressing need for database-as-a-service providers to add support for sophisticated machine learning algorithms to the core functionality of their products.
The dual gate base resistance controlled thyristor (1995)

A new device concept, called the dual gate base resistance controlled thyristor (DG-BRT), is introduced for simultaneously obtaining the low on-state voltage drop of a thyristor together with a good forward biased safe operating area. The two gates are used to control an N-channel and a P-channel MOSFET integrated with a thyristor structure using the DMOS process. When a positive bias is applied to both gates, the device operates in the thyristor-mode with a low on-state voltage drop at even high current densities. When a negative bias is applied to the OFF-gate, the device operates in the IGBT-mode with the saturated current controlled by the positive bias applied to the ON-gate. The results of two-dimensional numerical simulations and measurements performed on devices with 600 V forward blocking capability are reported.
Cancer terminator viruses (<i>CTV</i>): A better solution for viral‐based therapy of cancer (2017)

In principle, viral gene therapy holds significant potential for the therapy of solid cancers. However, this promise has not been fully realized and systemic administration of viruses has not proven as successful as envisioned in the clinical arena. Our research is focused on developing the next generation of efficacious viruses to specifically treat both primary cancers and a major cause of cancer lethality, metastatic tumors (that have spread from a primary site of origin to other areas in the body and are responsible for an estimated 90% of cancer deaths). We have generated a chimeric tropism-modified type 5 and 3 adenovirus that selectively replicates in cancer cells and simultaneously produces a secreted anti-cancer toxic cytokine, melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/Interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), referred to as a Cancer Terminator Virus (CTV) (Ad.5/3-CTV). In preclinical animal models, injection into a primary tumor causes selective cell death and therapeutic activity is also observed in non-injected distant tumors, that is, "bystander anti-tumor activity." To enhance the impact and therapeutic utility of the CTV, we have pioneered an elegant approach in which viruses are encapsulated in microbubbles allowing "stealth delivery" to tumor cells that when treated with focused ultrasound causes viral release killing tumor cells through viral replication, and producing and secreting MDA-7/IL-24, which stimulates the immune system to attack distant cancers, inhibits tumor angiogenesis and directly promotes apoptosis in distant cancer cells. This strategy is called UTMD (ultrasound-targeted microbubble-destruction). This novel CTV and UTMD approach hold significant promise for the effective therapy of primary and disseminated tumors.
Method for the production of porous complex metal oxides using a porogen (2011)

A method of producing porous complex oxides includes the steps of providing a mixt. of (a) precursor elements suitable to produce the complex oxide, or (b) one or more precursor elements suitable to produce particles of the complex oxide and one or more metal oxide particles; and (c) a particulate carbon-contg. pore-forming material selected to provide pore sizes in the range of 7-250 nm, and treating the mixt. to (i) form the porous complex oxide in which two or more of the precursor elements from (a) above or one or more of the precursor elements and one or more of the metals in the metal oxide particles from (b) above are incorporated into a phase of the complex metal oxide and the complex metal oxide has grain sizes in the range of 1-150 nm, and (ii) removing the pore-forming material under conditions such that the porous structure and compn. of the complex oxide is substantially preserved. The method may be used to produce nonrefractory metal oxides as well. The mixt. further includes a surfactant, or a polymer. [on SciFinder(R)]
New nonlinear optical crystal for mid-IR OPOs: CdSiP2 (2008)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. G. Schunemann, K. T. Zawilski, T. M. Pollak, D. E. Zelmon, N. C. Fernelius, and F. K. Hopkins, "New nonlinear optical crystal for mid-IR OPOs: CdSiP2," in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2008), paper MG6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Plasmonic nanoprobes for SERS biosensing and bioimaging (2009)

This article provides an overview of the development and application of plasmonic nanoprobes developed in our laboratory for biosensing and bioimaging. We describe the use of plasmonics surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) gene probes for the detection of diseases using DNA hybridization to target biospecies (HIV gene, breast cancer genes etc.). For molecular imaging, we describe a hyperspectral surface-enhanced Raman imaging (HSERI) system that combines imaging capabilities with SERS detection to identify cellular components using Raman dye-labeled silver nanoparticles in cellular systems The detection of specific target DNA sequences associated with breast cancer using "molecular sentinel" nanoprobes and the use of a plasmonic nanosensor to monitor pH in single cells are presented and discussed.