gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Monitoring of Glutathione in Living Cells Reveals that High Glutathione Levels Are Required to Maintain Stem Cell Function (2018)

The core functions of stem cells (SCs) are critically regulated by their cellular redox status. Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol functioning as an antioxidant and a redox regulator. However, an investigation into the relationship between glutathione-mediated redox capacity and SC activities is hindered by lack of probe. Here, we demonstrate that cyanoacrylamide-based coumarin derivatives are ratiometric probes suitable for the real-time monitoring of glutathione levels in living SCs. These probes revealed that glutathione levels are heterogeneous among subcellular organelles and among individual cells and show dynamic changes and heterogeneity in repopulating SCs depending on oxidative stress or culture conditions. Importantly, a subpopulation of SCs with high glutathione levels exhibited increased stemness and migration activities in vitro and showed improved therapeutic efficiency in treating asthma. Our results indicate that high glutathione levels are required for maintaining SC functions, and monitoring glutathione dynamics and heterogeneity can advance our understanding of the cellular responses to oxidative stress.
Global Solutions in the Species Competitive Chemotaxis System with Inequal Diffusion Rates (2016)

This paper is devoted to studying the two‐species competitive chemotaxis system with signal‐dependent chemotactic sensitivities and inequal diffusion rates u 1 t = Δ u 1 − ∇·( u 1 χ 1 ( v )∇ v ) + μ 1 u 1 (1 − u 1 − a 1 u 2 ), x ∈ Ω, t > 0, u 2 t = Δ u 2 − ∇·( u 2 χ 2 ( v )∇ v ) + μ 2 u 2 (1 − a 2 u 1 − u 2 ), x ∈ Ω, t > 0, v t = τ Δ v − γ v + u 1 + u 2 , x ∈ Ω, t > 0, under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded and regular domain . If the nonnegative initial date and where the constants , the system possesses a unique global solution that is uniformly bounded under some suitable assumptions on the chemotaxis sensitivity functions χ 1 ( v ), χ 2 ( v ) and linear chemical production function − γ v + u 1 + u 2 .
Recovery of Neptunium by Electrolysis of NpN in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Melts. (2000)

The electrochemical behavior of neptunium nitride, NpN, in the LiCl-KCl eutectic melt containing NpCl3 at 450, 500 and 550°C was investigated from the viewpoint of the application of electrochemical refining in a fused salt to nitride fuel cycle. The electrochemical dissolution of NpN began nearly at the potential theoretically evaluated, though this reaction was irreversible owing to small partial pressure of N2 in the salt and the reaction rate was slow. Under the electrolysis in the NpCl3-LiCl-KCl eutectic melt, NpN was dissolved into the salt as Np3+ at the anode, and Np metal was deposited at the cathode. About 0.5 g of Np metal was obtained by heating the deposit containing the salt at 800°C for 3.6 ks.
One-year results of the intrascleral glaucoma implant (1995)

This is an initial report from a study to determine the safety and efficacy of an implant placed within the sclera to relieve elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It describes the first eight patients to receive the implant. Intraocular pressure and pneumotonometry were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for one year. In five patients, IOP decreased. Three patients in which the implant was considered a failure because of wound leaks had patch grafts, removal of the implant, or both. The five successful cases have continued to show reduced IOP.
ß‐adrenergic receptor agonists delay while antagonists accelerate epithelial wound healing: Evidence of an endogenous adrenergic network within the corneal epithelium (2007)

Wound healing is a complex and well-orchestrated biological process. Corneal epithelial cells (CECs) must respond quickly to trauma to rapidly restore barrier function and protect the eye from noxious agents. They express a high level of beta2-adrenergic receptors but their function is unknown. Here, we report the novel finding that they form part of a regulatory network in the corneal epithelium, capable of modulating corneal epithelial wound repair. Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists delay CEC migration via a protein phosphatase 2A-mediated mechanism and decrease both electric field-directed migration and corneal wound healing. Conversely, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists accelerate CEC migration, enhance electric field-mediated directional migration, and promote corneal wound repair. We demonstrate that CECs express key enzymes required for epinephrine (beta-adrenergic receptor agonist) synthesis in the cytoplasm and can detect epinephrine in cell extracts. We propose that the mechanism for the pro-motogenic effect of the beta-adrenergic antagonist is blockade of the beta2-adrenergic receptor preventing autocrine catecholamine binding. Further investigation of this network will improve our understanding of one of the most frequently prescribed class of drugs.
Video Behavior Profiling for Anomaly Detection (2008)

This paper aims to address the problem of modelling video behaviour captured in surveillancevideos for the applications of online normal behaviour recognition and anomaly detection. A novelframework is developed for automatic behaviour profiling and online anomaly sampling/detectionwithout any manual labelling of the training dataset. The framework consists of the followingkey components: (1) A compact and effective behaviour representation method is developed basedon discrete scene event detection. The similarity between behaviour patterns are measured basedon modelling each pattern using a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). (2) Natural grouping ofbehaviour patterns is discovered through a novel spectral clustering algorithm with unsupervisedmodel selection and feature selection on the eigenvectors of a normalised affinity matrix. (3) Acomposite generative behaviour model is constructed which is capable of generalising from asmall training set to accommodate variations in unseen normal behaviour patterns. (4) A run-timeaccumulative anomaly measure is introduced to detect abnormal behaviour while normal behaviourpatterns are recognised when sufficient visual evidence has become available based on an onlineLikelihood Ratio Test (LRT) method. This ensures robust and reliable anomaly detection and normalbehaviour recognition at the shortest possible time. The effectiveness and robustness of our approachis demonstrated through experiments using noisy and sparse datasets collected from both indoorand outdoor surveillance scenarios. In particular, it is shown that a behaviour model trained usingan unlabelled dataset is superior to those trained using the same but labelled dataset in detectinganomaly from an unseen video. The experiments also suggest that our online LRT based behaviourrecognition approach is advantageous over the commonly used Maximum Likelihood (ML) methodin differentiating ambiguities among different behaviour classes observed online.
Sustaining Well Productivity (2007)

Abstract Surface modification agents (SMAs) and their coating onto proppant have been used in thousands of wells in the past 10 years resulting in significant improvement in productivity in terms of production rates and duration. In a recent field study1 involving more than 100 well stimulations, these SMAs were found to dramatically enhance the recovery of aqueous-based fracturing fluids during well cleanup following the fracturing treatments. This paper describes how a simple modification to proppant surfaces resulted in these dramatic post-frac well cleanups and subsequent well productivity. A comparison of laboratory results along with actual case histories will help explain the significant improvement in hydrocarbon production observed in fracture stimulated wells using SMA-coated proppant.
Securing the Internet of Things in the Age of Machine Learning and Software-Defined Networking (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) realizes a vision where billions of interconnected devices are deployed just about everywhere, from inside our bodies to the most remote areas of the globe. As the IoT will soon pervade every aspect of our lives and will be accessible from anywhere, addressing critical IoT security threats is now more important than ever. Traditional approaches where security is applied as an afterthought and as a “patch” against known attacks are insufficient. Indeed, next-generation IoT challenges will require a new secure-by-design vision, where threats are addressed proactively and IoT devices learn to dynamically adapt to different threats. To this end, machine learning (ML) and software-defined networking (SDN) will be key to provide both reconfigurability and intelligence to the IoT devices. In this paper, we first provide a taxonomy and survey the state of the art in IoT security research, and offer a roadmap of concrete research challenges related to the application of ML and SDN to address existing and next-generation IoT security threats.
Mineral modulation of thermal aggregation and gelation of whey proteins: from ?-lactoglobulin model system to whey protein isolate (2003)

Solutions of 100 gkg -1 of b-lactoglobulin (b-Lg), b-Lg + a-lactalbumin (a-La), b-Lg + a-La + bovine serum albumin (BSA) or whey protein isolate (WPI) were heated at 75 C, pH 6.8 in water and in the presence of either 100 mmolL -1 NaCl or 10 mmolL -1 CaCl 2 . The subsequent polymerisation-aggregation processes in solution before gelation and the physical properties of the formed gels were determined. The disappearance of native-like proteins, formation of b-Lg covalent dimer and the nature of the interactions involved in the formed aggregates were addressed. Whatever the protein system, both NaCl and CaCl 2 increased gel strength and decreased gelation time. At gelling time, relatively small aggregates, formed by the contribution of the total initial amount of proteins, were observed in samples without added salts. In contrast, with NaCl or CaCl 2 , only part of the initial amount of proteins was aggregated before gel time. Very large aggregates were formed in the presence of calcium. Under these two mineral conditions, as well as in samples without added salt, covalent disulphide bonds were seen to be the major forces involved in the aggregation process at gel time.
Optic Nerve Signals in a Neuromorphic Chip I: Outer and Inner Retina Models (2004)

We present a novel model for the mammalian retina and analyze its behavior. Our outer retina model performs bandpass spatiotemporal filtering. It is comprised of two reciprocally connected resistive grids that model the cone and horizontal cell syncytia. We show analytically that its sensitivity is proportional to the space-constant-ratio of the two grids while its half-max response is set by the local average intensity. Thus, this outer retina model realizes luminance adaptation. Our inner retina model performs high-pass temporal filtering. It features slow negative feedback whose strength is modulated by a locally computed measure of temporal contrast, modeling two kinds of amacrine cells, one narrow-field, the other wide-field. We show analytically that, when the input is spectrally pure, the corner-frequency tracks the input frequency. But when the input is broadband, the corner frequency is proportional to contrast. Thus, this inner retina model realizes temporal frequency adaptation as well as contrast gain control. We present CMOS circuit designs for our retina model in this paper as well. Experimental measurements from the fabricated chip, and validation of our analytical results, are presented in the companion paper [Zaghloul and Boahen (2004)].
Managing and using mysql, 2nd edition (2002)

Learn how to use MySQL, a popular database product that supports key subsets of SQL on Linux and Unix systems. Using C/C++, Java, Perl, PHP, or Python, you can write programs to interact with a MySQL database, either as a stand-alone application or through a web page. This book covers the whole process, from installation to programming interfaces and database administration. It includes ample tutorial material and examples.
Reverse Hydrozirconation Reaction: A Regio‐ and Diastereospecific Route to New Diphosphanes (1993)

The additional stabilization by the dative PZr bond induces the regio- and diastereospecific formation of the α-zirconated phospholanes 1 on the hydrozirconation of 1-phenyl-2,3-dihydrophosphole. Amazingly, the diphosphanes 3 can be synthesized selectively from the α- (1) as well as the usual α-substituted product 2 on hydrozirconation with the same chlorophosphanes.
Hierarchical Li4Ti5O12/TiO2 composite tubes with regular structural imperfection for lithium ion storage (2013)

Hierarchical Li4Ti5O12/TiO2 tubes composed of ultrathin nanoflakes have been successfully fabricated via the calcination of the hydrothermal product of a porous amorphous TiO2 precursor and lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The hierarchical tubes are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. These nanoflakes exhibit a quite complex submicroscopic structure with regular structural imperfection, including a huge number of grain boundaries and dislocations. The lithium ion storage property of these tubes is evaluated by galvanostatic discharge/charge experiment. The product shows initial discharge capacities of 420, 225, and 160 mAh g(-1) at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 A g(-1), respectively. After 100 cycles, the discharge capacity is 139 mAh g(-1) at 1.0 A g(-1) with a capacity retention of 87%, demonstrating good high-rate performance and good cycleability. The high electrochemical performance is attributed to unique structure and morphology of the tubes. The regular structural imperfection existed in the nanoflakes also benefit to lithium ion storage property of these tubes. The hierarchical Li4Ti5O12/TiO2 tubes are a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries with high power and energy densities.
An advanced A-law companding algorithm in VLC-OFDM (2014)

In visible light communication (VLC) systems, the employing of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) may produce nonlinear distortion, due to the nonlinear characteristics of LEDs and the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM. Moreover, the clipping block deteriorates the distortion. In this paper, an advanced A-law algorithm for alleviating such distortion in VLC-OFDM systems is proposed. Simulation result shows that the BER of VLC-OFDM systems can be obviously reduced by employing the advanced A-law algorithm with suitable companding parameters, compared with the original VLC-OFDM process.
Comparison and Standardization of the Urine Microscopic Examination (1983)

The purpose of this study was to determine which of three methods of urine sediment preparation and examination achieves the best accuracy and precision. A comparison of the Kova System, the T-System, and an “inhouse” system using a conical plastic centrifuge tube was performed. Ninetyeight urine specimens were examined. The mean values of the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and casts were calculated and false-negative findings were identified. Ten technologists performed urine sediment examinations of aliquots of the same urine by the three systems. Reproducibility of one specimen by the ten technologists for each method was determined by calculating the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Of the three systems studied, only the T-System demonstrates the accuracy, sensitivity, and precision required for standardization of the urine microscopic examination.
Structural Study of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin during Processing for Regeneration (2005)

Bombyx mori silk fibroin has excellent mechanical properties combined with flexibility, tissue compatibility, and high oxygen permeability in the wet condition. This important material should be dissolved and regenerated to be utilized as useful forms such as gel, film, fiber, powder, or non-woven. However, it has long been a problem that the regenerated fibroin materials show poor mechanical properties and brittleness. These problems were technically solved by improving a fiber processing method reported here. The regenerated fibroin fibers showed much better mechanical properties compared to the original silk fibers. This improved technique for the fiber processing of Bombyx mori silk fibroin may be used as a model system for other semi-crystalline fiber forming proteins, becoming available through biotechnology. The physical and chemical properties of the regenerated fibers were characterized by SinTech&#174; tensile testing, X-ray diffraction, solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy, and SEM.\n\nUnlike synthetic polymers, the molecular weight distribution of Bombyx mori silk fibroin is mono-disperse because silk fibroin is synthesized from DNA template. Genetic studies have revealed the entire amino acid sequence of Bombyx mori silk fibroin. It is known that the crystalline silk II structure is composed of hexa-amino acid sequences, GAGAGS. However, in the amino acid sequence of Bombyx mori silk fibroin heavy chain, there are present 11 chemically irregular but evolutionarily conserved sequences with about 31 amino acid residues (irregular GT~GT sequences). The structure and role of these irregular sequences have remained unknown. One of the most frequently appearing irregular sequences was synthesized by a peptide synthesizer. The three-dimensional structure of this irregular silk peptide was studied by the high resolution two-dimensional NMR technique. The three-dimensional structure of this peptide shows that it makes a turn or loop structure (distorted &#937; shape), which means the proceeding backbone direction is changed 180&deg; by this sequence. This may facilitate the &#946;-sheet formation of the crystal forming building blocks, GAGAGS/GY~GY sequences, in fibroin heavy chain. It may also facilitate the solubilization of the fibroin heavy chain within the silk gland.
THE EVALUATION OF RESIDENTIAL TRAFFIC CALMING: A NEW MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH (1994)

This paper examines the issue of the assessment and evaluation of traffic calming within residential areas. It is argued that, although the concept of traffic calming has been increasingly grasped and practical experiments and improvements are being implemented, comprehensive evaluation that identifies the success of projects has not been undertaken on an appropriate and systematic basis. The study puts forward a new evaluation approach which is based on the multi-objective nature of residential traffic calming. A case-study was selected and part of the new model applied. Although further research and modifications may be needed, the model has given the evaluator an enhanced and comprehensive evaluation framework that assesses both quantitative and qualitative data. Language: en
Ultrastructure of the Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium (1979)

The Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium appeared ultrastructurally identical in human lung, egg yolk membrane, and artificial media, seen as a blunt or tapering rod measuring 0.3 to 0.9 micron in diameter and greater than or equal to 2.0 micron long. Greatly elongated forms were commonly found in cultures and yold sac membranes after 5 to 7 days of growth but were only rarely seen in human lung. The LD bacterium was clearly prokaryotic. Prominent features included electron-lucent nucleoids interspersed among areas of well-defined ribosomes; cleanly circumscribed cytoplasmic vacuoles or granular inclusions; and a double envelope enclosure, each portion consisting of a triple-layered "unit" membrane, approximately 75 A wide. Division always occurred as a pinching, nonseptate process typical of bacteria with a double, gram-negative type of envelope. No definite structure was seen in the periplasmic space that might represent the peptidoglycan layer. These features of the LD bacterium confirm earlier reports of the gram-negative staining reaction of organisms obtained from cultures and preliminary evidence of their gram-negative ultrastructure. We found no unique features that would aid in the ultrastructural differentiation of the LD bacterium from other small gram-negative bacilli.
D-<sup>3</sup>He-Fueled Fusion Power Plant Based on the Pulsatory Field-Reversed Configuration (1992)

Some physical and engineering aspects of a D-3He-fueled fusion power plant based on the pulsatory field-reversed configuration are considered. The results of preliminary technical and economical factors and optimization calculations are given. An increase in the “aneutronics factor” of such a reactor is shown to result in higher costs.
An Improved Data-Aided Symbol Timing Algorithm for OFDM Systems (2011)

Synchronization is very important to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Taking aim at the problem that the timing inaccuracy of the S&C method and the indistinct peak of the timing metric produced by Park method under the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and fading channel, a new symbol synchronization algorithm based on the training symbol is proposed in this paper. The new algorithm exploits the training symbol proposed by S&C to correlate the received signal with the known training symbol again at the receiving end to identify the start point of the OFDM symbol. The result of the simulation shows that the proposed method’s timing metric is of the impulse-shaped peak under the condition of the lower SNR and multipath fading channel, and has smaller timing errors compared with the conventional method in terms of mean-square error (MSE) of the timing estimator.
Plasma Concentrations of Immunoreactive Inhibin and Gonadotropins following Removal of Ovarian Follicles in the Domestic Hen1 (1993)

In the domestic hen, the preovulatory follicles are arranged in a hierarchy. The largest (F1) follicle ovulates first, the second largest (F2) follicle ovulates approximately 26 h later, and so on. The nature of this regulation is not known. Inhibin has been implicated in the feedback regulation of FSH in mammals, and bioactive as well as immunoreactive inhibin has been demonstrated in chickens. The present experiments were conducted with two aims: 1) to determine the plasma level of immunoreactive inhibin in response to removal of various numbers of preovulatory follicles and 2) to assess the gonadotropin response to such follicle removal. In experiment 1, the F1 (n = 4), F1 + F2 (n = 5), F1 + F2 + F3 (n = 5), and F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 (n = 4) follicles were removed surgically. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Blood samples were taken at time 0 (prior to surgery) and at 6, 24, and 48 h after surgery. In experiment 2, animals were sham-operated (n = 5) or the F1-F4 (n = 4) or F1-F4 plus small yellow follicles (SYF; n = 5) were removed. Blood samples were removed at time 0 and at 3, 6, and 24 h and at daily intervals until Day 10 after surgery. In both experiments, plasma immunoreactive inhibin was significantly lowered (p < 0.001) and plasma FSH was acutely increased (p < 0.05) by follicle removal. Plasma LH was decreased at some time points after follicle removal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of an Aluminum Amendment on Phosphorus Leaching from a Container Medium (1986)

Abstract Columns of an incubated (25°C, 11% volumetric moisture for 30 days) 2 milled pine bark : 1 Canadian sphagnum peat : 1 builders’ sand (by volume) medium amended with the equivalent of 270 g P·m −3 from radioactive superphosphate (8.7% P) and the equivalent of 0, 33, 200, or 1200 g Al·m −3 from aluminum acetate (13.2% Al) were leached daily with 16 ml deionized water. Eighty percent of the 32 P amendment leached during days one to 21 from the medium not amended with Al, whereas 0.3% leached when amended with 1200 g Al·m −3 . Leachate 32 P levels ranged from 840, 711, 91, and 2.0 μg·ml −1 on day 1 to 2.3, 3.3, 7.6, and 0.9 μg·ml −1 on day 77 for the medium with Al amendments of 0, 33, 200, and 1200 g·m −3 , respectively.