gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xylan hemicellulose improves chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration (2016)

The hemicellulose xylan, which has immunomodulatory effects, has been combined with chitosan to form a composite hydrogel to improve the healing of bone fractures. This thermally responsive and injectable hydrogel, which is liquid at room temperature and gels at physiological temperature, improves the response of animal host tissue compared with similar pure chitosan hydrogels in tissue engineering models. The composite hydrogel was placed in a subcutaneous model where the composite hydrogel is replaced by host tissue within 1 week, much earlier than chitosan hydrogels. A tibia fracture model in mice showed that the composite encourages major remodeling of the fracture callus in less than 4 weeks. A non-union fracture model in rat femurs was used to demonstrate that the composite hydrogel allows bone regeneration and healing of defects that with no treatment are unhealed after 6 weeks. These results suggest that the xylan/chitosan composite hydrogel is a suitable bone graft substitute able to aid in the repair of large bone defects.
Inhibition of Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT), Overexpression of Cholesterol Transporter Gene, and Protection of Amyloid β (Aβ) Oligomers-Induced Neuronal Cell Death by Tricyclic Pyrone Molecules (2012)

A major effort in Alzheimer's disease therapeutic development has targeted Aβ and downstream events. We have synthesized a small library of tricyclic pyrone compounds. Their protective action in MC65 cells and inhibition of ACAT along with the upregulation of cholesterol transporter gene were investigated. Five active compounds exhibited potencies in the nanomolar ranges. The multiple effects of the compounds on Aβ and cellular cholesterol pathways could be potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects in vivo.
Modeling and querying moving objects (2002)

We propose a data model for representing moving objects in database systems. It is called the Moving Objects Spatio-Temporal (MOST) data model. We also propose Future Temporal Logic (FTL) as the query language for the MOST model, and devise an algorithm for processing FTL queries in MOST.
Opportunistic use of client repeaters to improve performance of WLANs (2008)

Currently deployed IEEE 802.11 WLANs (Wi-Fi networks) share access point (AP) bandwidth on a per-packet basis. However, the various stations communicating with the AP often have different signal qualities, resulting in different transmission rates. This induces a phenomenon known as the rate anomaly problem, in which stations with lower signal quality transmit at lower rates and consume a significant majority of airtime, thereby dramatically reducing the throughput of stations transmitting at high rates.We propose a practical, deployable system, called Soft-Repeater, in which stations cooperatively address the rate anomaly problem. Specifically, higher-rate Wi-Fi stations opportunistically transform themselves into repeaters for stations with low data-rates when transmitting to/from the AP. The key challenge is to determine when it is beneficial to enable the repeater functionality. In this paper, we propose an initiation protocol that ensures that repeater functionality is enabled only when appropriate. Also, our system can run directly on top of today's 802.11 infrastructure networks.We evaluate our system using simulation and testbed implementation, and find that SoftRepeater can improve cumulative throughput by up to 200%.
Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from <i>Varanus komodoensis</i> (Komodo Dragon) by Large-Scale Analyses and De-Novo-Assisted Sequencing Using Electron-Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Komodo dragons are the largest living lizards and are the apex predators in their environs. They endure numerous strains of pathogenic bacteria in their saliva and recover from wounds inflicted by other dragons, reflecting the inherent robustness of their innate immune defense. We have employed a custom bioprospecting approach combining partial de novo peptide sequencing with transcriptome assembly to identify cationic antimicrobial peptides from Komodo dragon plasma. Through these analyses, we identified 48 novel potential cationic antimicrobial peptides. All but one of the identified peptides were derived from histone proteins. The antimicrobial effectiveness of eight of these peptides was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), with seven peptides exhibiting antimicrobial activity against both microbes and one only showing significant potency against P. aeruginosa. This study demonstrates the power and promise of our bioprospecting approach to cationic antimicrobial peptide discovery, and it reveals the presence of a plethora of novel histone-derived antimicrobial peptides in the plasma of the Komodo dragon. These findings may have broader implications regarding the role that intact histones and histone-derived peptides play in defending the host from infection. Data are available via ProteomeXChange with identifier PXD005043.
Laser generation and detection of zero-group velocity Lamb mode resonance in thin plates (2006)

Some Lamb modes exhibit a resonant behavior at frequencies where the group velocity vanishes while the phase velocity remains finite. Such a zero group velocity point exists in most isotropic materials for the first-order symmetric mode. Laser sources couple efficiently into this resonance and a sharp peak is observed with source and receiver on epicenter. Moving the detection point away from the source allows us to establish the dispersion curves of the plate and observe the negative phase velocity. We used a modulated diode laser source and a Michelson interferometer to observe the resonance at high frequency. Measurements were made on different material of thickness down to 4μm. The resonance peak is sensitive to the thickness and mechanical properties of plates and may be suitable for the measurement and mapping of nanoscale thickness variations. We also observed this behavior with a 20-ns pulsed YAG laser source and a heterodyne interferometer. The low attenuation in duralumin allows the excitation of a very sharp resonance in a single shot. Thickness variations as small as 0.1μm have been measured in a 0.50-mm-thick duralumin plate. Furthermore, the time decay of the signal provides an estimation of the local attenuation.
Inheritance, gene expression, and lignin characterization in a mutant pine deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (1997)

We have discovered a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in which expression of the gene encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195) is severely reduced. The products of CAD, cinnamyl alcohols, are the precursors of lignin, a major cell wall polymer of plant vascular tissues. Lignin composition in this mutant shows dramatic modifications, including increased incorporation of the substrate of CAD (coniferaldehyde), indicating that CAD may modulate lignin composition in pine. The recessive cad-n1 allele, which causes this phenotype, was discovered in a tree heterozygous for this mutant allele. It is inherited as a simple Mendelian locus that maps to the same genomic region as the cad locus. In mutant plants, CAD activity and abundance of cad RNA transcript are low, and free CAD substrate accumulates to a high level. The wood of the mutant is brown, whereas the wood in wild types is nearly white. The wood phenotype resembles that of brown midrib (bm) mutants and some transgenic plants in which xylem is red-brown due to a reduction in CAD activity. However, unlike transgenics with reduced CAD, the pine mutant has decreased lignin content. Wood in which the composition of lignin varies beyond previous expectations still provides vascular function and mechanical support.
Blind source separation in retinal videos (2003)

An optical imaging device of retina function (OID-RF) has been developed to measure changes in blood oxygen saturation due to neural activity resulting from visual stimulation of the photoreceptors in the human retina. The video data that are collected represent a mixture of the functional signal in response to the retinal activation and other signals from undetermined physiological activity. Measured changes in reflectance in response to the visual stimulus are on the order of 0.1% to 1.0% of the total reflected intensity level which makes the functional signal difficult to detect by standard methods since it is masked by the other signals that are present. In this paper, we apply principal component analysis (PCA), blind source separation (BSS), using Extended Spatial Decorrelation (ESD) and independent component analysis (ICA) using the Fast-ICA algorithm to extract the functional signal from the retinal videos. The results revealed that the functional signal in a stimulated retina can be detected through the application of some of these techniques.
AN ADVANCED CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR COMPLEX IMPEDANCE SPECTRUM MEASUREMENTS OF ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES (2012)

With the increasing demand for electric and hybrid electric vehicles and the explosion in popularity of mobile and portable electronic devices such as laptops, cell phones, e-readers, tablet computers and the like, reliance on portable energy storage devices such as batteries has likewise increased. The concern for the availability of critical systems in turn drives the availability of battery systems and thus the need for accurate battery health monitoring has become paramount. Over the past decade the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Montana Tech of the University of Montana (Tech), and Qualtech Systems, Inc. (QSI) have been developing the Smart Battery Status Monitor (SBSM), an integrated battery management system designed to monitor battery health, performance and degradation and use this knowledge for effective battery management and increased battery life. Key to the success of the SBSM is an in-situ impedance measurement system called the Impedance Measurement Box (IMB). One of the challenges encountered has been development of an accurate, simple, robust calibration process. This paper discusses the successful realization of this process.
Magnetic Nanostructures as Amplifiers of Transverse Fields in Magnetic Resonance (2006)

We introduce the concept of amplifying the transverse magnetic fields produced and/or detected with inductive coils in magnetic resonance settings by using the reversible transverse susceptibility properties of magnetic nanostructures. When a large magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the nanoparticle long axis, the particle becomes very sensitive to the perpendicular small AC field. This is advantageous for magnetic resonance detection, where one needs to amplify the signal in the presence of a large DC field. We have tested this property of nanoparticles up to 3MHz, and do not see (or expect) any variation up to frequencies of several giga-Hertz, which is beyond any reasonable nuclear magnetic resonance detection. transverse field amplification by magnetic nanoparticles provides not just an improvement in detection sensitivity, but also in magnetic resonance imaging resolution. Since the nanoparticle can in principle be only 5-10 nanometers in size, equivalent imaging spatial resolution would also be possible.
Polycefin, a New Prototype of a Multifunctional Nanoconjugate Based on Poly(β-<scp>l</scp>-malic acid) for Drug Delivery (2006)

A new prototype of nanoconjugate, Polycefin, was synthesized for targeted delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and monoclonal antibodies to brain tumors. The macromolecular carrier contains: 1. biodegradable, nonimmunogenic, nontoxic beta-poly(L-malic acid) of microbial origin; 2. Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides targeting laminin alpha4 and beta1 chains of laminin-8, which is specifically overexpressed in glial brain tumors; 3. monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor antibody for specific tissue targeting; 4. oligonucleotide releasing disulfide units; 5. L-valine containing, pH-sensitive membrane disrupting unit(s), 6. protective poly(ethylene glycol); 7. a fluorescent dye (optional). Highly purified modules were conjugated directly with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester-activated beta-poly(L-malic acid) at pendant carboxyl groups or at thiol containing spacers via thioether and disulfide bonds. Products were chemically validated by physical, chemical, and functional tests. In vitro experiments using two human glioma cell lines U87MG and T98G demonstrated that Polycefin was delivered into the tumor cells by a receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism and was able to inhibit the synthesis of laminin-8 alpha4 and beta1 chains at the same time. Inhibition of laminin-8 expression was in agreement with the designed endosomal membrane disruption and drug releasing activity. In vivo imaging showed the accumulation of intravenously injected Polycefin in brain tumor tissue via the antibody-targeted transferrin receptor-mediated endosomal pathway in addition to a less efficient mechanism known for high molecular mass biopolymers as enhanced permeability and retention effect. Polycefin was nontoxic to normal and tumor astrocytes in a wide range of concentrations, accumulated in brain tumor, and could be used for specific targeting of several biomarkers simultaneously.
Multi-Layer Transmission and Hybrid Relaying for Relay Channels with Multiple Out-of-Band Relays (2013)

In this work, a relay channel is studied in which a source encoder communicates with a destination decoder through a number of out-of-band relays that are connected to the decoder through capacity-constrained digital backhaul links. This model is motivated by the uplink of cloud radio access networks. In this scenario, a novel transmission and relaying strategies are proposed in which multi-layer transmission is used, on the one hand, to adaptively leverage the different decoding capabilities of the relays and, on the other hand, to enable hybrid decode-and-forward (DF) and compress-and-forward (CF) relaying. The hybrid relaying strategy allows each relay to forward part of the decoded messages and a compressed version of the received signal to the decoder. The problem of optimizing the power allocation across the layers and the compression test channels is formulated. Albeit non-convex, the derived problem is found to belong to the class of so called complementary geometric programs (CGPs). Using this observation, an iterative algorithm based on the homotopy method is proposed that achieves a stationary point of the original problem by solving a sequence of geometric programming (GP), and thus convex, problems. Numerical results are provided that show the effectiveness of the proposed multi-layer hybrid scheme in achieving performance close to a theoretical (cutset) upper bound.
Covariance Tracking using Model Update Based on Lie Algebra (2006)

We propose a simple and elegant algorithm to track nonrigid objects using a covariance based object description and a Lie algebra based update mechanism. We represent an object window as the covariance matrix of features, therefore we manage to capture the spatial and statistical properties as well as their correlation within the same representation. The covariance matrix enables efficient fusion of different types of features and modalities, and its dimensionality is small. We incorporated a model update algorithm using the Lie group structure of the positive definite matrices. The update mechanism effectively adapts to the undergoing object deformations and appearance changes. The covariance tracking method does not make any assumption on the measurement noise and the motion of the tracked objects, and provides the global optimal solution. We show that it is capable of accurately detecting the nonrigid, moving objects in non-stationary camera sequences while achieving a promising detection rate of 97.4 percent.
Patients younger than 40 years with gastric carcinoma: Helicobacter pylori genotype and associated gastritis phenotype. (1999)

In young Italian patients with gastric carcinoma, the significant association with cagA positive H. pylori infection suggests that the bacterium has an etiologic role in both diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric carcinoma.
Photoacoustic Doppler axial flow measurement of homogenous media using structured illumination (2014)

We propose time and frequency domain methods for homogenous flow measurement based on the photoacoustic Doppler effect. Excited by spatially modulated laser pulses, the flowing medium induces a Doppler frequency shift in the received photoacoustic signals. The frequency shift is proportional to the component of the flow speed projected onto the acoustic beam axis. These methods do not rely on particle heterogeneity in the medium. A red-ink phantom flowing in a tube immersed in water was used to validate the methods in both frequency and time domains.
The use of two-dimensional materials in high-temperature rechargeable batteries: current issues and preventative measures (2019)

As their name suggests, energy storage systems are used for the on-demand supply and storage of energy. However, the development of high-capacity energy storage systems that can be stably operated at high temperatures remains a challenge, as exemplified by the occurrence of thermal runaway in rechargeable batteries, especially in harsh environments. In view of the above, the increasing demand for rechargeable (e.g., Li-ion) batteries necessitates the development of safer power sources operable at high temperatures and requires the collective contribution of chemists, materials scientists, and engineers to gain a deep understanding of the thermal runaway mechanism and take preventative measures. Currently, thermal runaway is prevented by the use of safety devices and/or inherent safety methods. The latter approach involves the design of electrodes and electrolytes (including the separator) to increase the thermal stability of rechargeable batteries and is faced by the challenge of finding a compromise between electrochemical performance and thermal stability. The discovery of graphene and its outstanding properties gave rise to a new class of two-dimensional (2D) (nano)materials that are believed to offer a solution to the above problem and have therefore attracted increased research attention. However, the applications of most non-graphene 2D materials have been underexplored, since these materials have been discovered only very recently, and the corresponding research has mainly focused on investigating their properties and synthesis routes. In this review, we outline the progress in the development of safe and high-performance rechargeable batteries based on 2D nanomaterials, focusing on sustainable battery operation under high-temperature conditions.
Implementation of a BIC monitor in a new analog BIST structure (2002)

The last step in the development of a BIST structure employing a new self-test technique for analog circuits is presented in this paper, namely the design and implementation of a suitable built-in supply current (BIC) monitor. The new self-test technique based on power supply current monitoring, takes advantage of the redundancy in the structure of fully balanced circuits. The new technique requires a special BIC monitor that provides appropriate signals for a successful fault detection. The BIC monitor, presented in this paper, is based on a second generation current conveyor CCII+, and offers an accurate measurement of supply currents with a minimal supply voltage degradation. The BIC monitor circuit was evaluated using fault simulations, which show a reasonable fault coverage. An implementation of the new BIC monitor in an analog BIST structure is finally described.
A New Generation of Metallic Dissipaters for Low Damage Seismic Design of Structures (2019)

In this research, a new generation of metallic dissipaters has been proposed and experimentally validated. The dissipaters can be either in the shape of a brace or mini dissipater. The dissipaters offer advantages such as cost-efficiency, simple fabrication, replaceability, lightweight, ductility, strength, improved fatigue performance, redundancy during a large earthquake, option for self-centering, and compactness. The brace type dissipater can be used in buildings and bridges to absorb seismic energy. The mini dissipaters can be used in dissipative controlled rocking connections as external seismic energy absorbers. The paper presents a summary of existing metallic dissipaters. It discuss some common types followed by presenting the concepts for the innovative dissipaters. The concepts were experimentally validated using several prototypes which were tested under cyclic loading. Experimental testing showed stable and good performance of the dissipaters. None of the dissipaters showed any failure during the testing. The energy dissipation capability remained almost intact under cyclic loading. Furthermore, the mini dissipaters were tested in a precast bent with dissipative controlled rocking connections to validate implementation in a precast bridge substructure system.
The CD4 molecule and HIV infection. (1990)

CD4 (T4), a glycoprotein expressed largely on the surface of cells in the immune system, serves as the receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV. The isolation of the CD4 gene has permitted an analysis of the structure of CD4 and its role in both HIV infection and the immune response. Recently, new classes of CD4-based therapeutics have been generated that interfere with HIV attachment to target cells. Soluble CD4 proteins and CD4-based chimeric molecules are currently undergoing clinical evaluation in HIV-infected individuals.
Alveolar macrophages and emphysema in surfactant protein‐D‐deficient mice (2006)

Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is a member of the collectin family of collagenous proteins with lectin activity. SP-D is expressed in numerous tissues, primarily in type II alveolar cells in the periphery of the lung. SP-D plays an important role in host defense of the lung. To evaluate the importance of SP-D in vivo, transgenic mice lacking SP-D (SP-D-/- mice) have been generated. Lipid accumulation and airspace enlargement were observed in the lungs of SP-D-/- mice within 3 weeks after birth, and progressed with advancing age. Airspace enlargement and abnormalities in elastin fibers supported the concept that SP-D was required to inhibit destruction of the alveoli. Alveolar macrophages from SP-D-/- mice produced more H2O2 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -9, and -12 compared with wild-type mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that oxidants derived in part from NADPH oxidase enhanced NF-kappaB activation and MMP production in alveolar macrophages from SP-D-/- mice. A specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB reduced MMP production by alveolar macrophages from SP-D-/- mice. Taken together, these data demonstrated oxidant-dependent activation of NF-kappaB and enhanced MMP expression by alveolar macrophages from SP-D-/- mice, a process likely to mediate airspace remodeling caused by SP-D deficiency. SP-D plays a critical role in regulating alveolar macrophage activation, oxidant production, and MMP activity that may influence the pathogenesis of various pulmonary disorders.