gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PC17 EFFECT OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING WITH COWS??? MILK ON SLEEPING METABOLIC RATE IN BREAST-FED INFANTS (2004)

Introduction: The objective of our study was to compare sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and minimal observable energy expenditure (MOEE) between two sub-groups of breast-fed infants: (1) BM group, i.e. receiving breast milk as the only source of milk; (2) BCM group, i.e. receiving cows’ milk in addition to breast milk. Methods: Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and minimal observable energy expenditure (MOEE) were measured using respiration calorimetry; breast milk intake was measured using the 2H2O turnover method; complementary food intake was measured by 1-day food weighing; total daily energy expenditure and total body water were measured using doubly labelled water; anthropometric indices were assessed. The measurements were done in 62 infants (37 BM; 25 BCM) aged 8.7 months of age in urban Pelotas, Brazil. Results: MOEE was 399 (SD 42) kcal/d in the BM group compared to 444 (SD 50) kcal/d in the BCM group (p<0.001). Mass-specific MOEE was 48.0 (SD 5.9) kcal/kg/d in BM versus 51.6 (SD 7.6) kcal/kg/d in BCM infants (p=0.041). Comparisons between feeding groups based on SMR gave similar findings. MOEE (kcal/d) was mediated by protein intake and infant weight (R2=43.1%). In a larger sample (n=77), including the 62 infants in whom MOEE was measured, fat mass index was higher (p=0.013), and weight gained from birth tended to be higher in BCM as compared to BM infants (p=0.182). Conclusion: Complementary feeding with cows’ milk alters sleeping metabolic rate in breast-fed infants. The effect is mediated by protein intake and infant weight, but the explained variance of 43.1% indicates that some other factor in cows’ milk increases, or alternatively some factor associated with breast milk or breast-feeding reduces SMR. The higher fat mass, and the tendency towards an increased growth rate suggest that the increased metabolic rates of BCM infants may be of concern in relation to the development of obesity later in life.
Discrete-event simulation of wafer fabrication facility (2005)

Using discrete-event simulation (process interaction approach with SIMAN) , we modeled the product flow through a research and experimentation facility for wafer fabrication. The model was verified using past history; it predicts typical cycle times and average operations/day closely. Experiments were run with the model to isolate bottlenecks, to determine how best to alleviate the bottlenecks, and to determine the effect of changing system parameters, such as people, equipment, loading, failure rates on equipment, and hours of operation (add a second shift).
Flexible working conditions and decreasing levels of trust (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyse levels of generalized trust among employees who have adapted to increasing demands for flexibility in their working lives (nonstandard work) compared with employees in traditional employment (standard work). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire distributed to randomly selected individuals in Sweden (2004, n =5,080) and a workplace survey study of temporary agency workers (2008, n =119). Data were analysed using chi‐square tests and logistic regression analysis. Findings The results reveal that people in nonstandard positions display significantly lower levels of generalized trust compared to standard employees, where age, gender, and socio‐economic position are constant. Practical implications Since trust has proved to be a prerequisite for innovativeness, and both flexibility and innovation are officially accepted solutions for the troubles of post‐industrial society, the findings point to a possible paradox in the “new economy”. Originality/value The results of this study are unique in that they provide valuable support for the theory that flexible working conditions lead to decreasing levels of trust in society.
Functional Properties of Proteins and Lipids (1998)

The first critical event in the creation of protein-stabilized emulsions and foams is adsorption of proteins at the oil-water and air-water interfaces. This initial event is dependent on the molecular flexibility of proteins. The dynamic equation-of-state, Θ, of proteins at the air-water and oil-water interfaces is directly related to flexibility. The Θ value of proteins, which represents dynamic reduction in interfacial free energy per mg of adsorbed protein (ergs/mg), at the air-water interface is also linearly correlated with the emulsifying properties, foaming properties, proteolytic digestibility, and the adiabatic compressibility of proteins. Based on these correlations, it is proposed that the Θ values of proteins can be used as a predictor of several functional properties of proteins.
Geometry Pattern for the Wire Organic Electrochemical Textile Transistor (2011)

Polyelectrolytes are promising materials as gate dielectrics in organic electrochemical transistor. On the other side, the fibre form transistor has become one of the most interesting topics in the field of smart textiles. The use of PEDOT:PSS to realize a parallel wire electrochemical textile transistor has been reported. A new geometry pattern makes the transistor easier to insert into textile fabric making the large-scale production possible. The length of transistor can be up to several centimeters. The On/Off ratio reached up to 103. The switch time is near 15 s. An inverter circuit and a NOR-gated circuit have been realized by wire electrochemical transistors (WECTs). An amplifier was fabricated by using one transistor as well in order to demonstrate the feasibility of fully textile electronic circuits.
Online pose classification and walking speed estimation using handheld devices (2012)

We describe and evaluate two methods for device pose classification and walking speed estimation that generalize well to new users, compared to previous work. These machine learning based methods are designed for the general case of a person holding a mobile device in an unknown location and require only a single low-cost, low-power sensor: a triaxial accelerometer. We evaluate our methods in straight-path indoor walking experiments as well as in natural indoor walking settings. Experiments with 14 human participants to test user generalization show that our pose classifier correctly selects among four device poses with 94% accuracy compared to 82% for previous work, and our walking speed estimates are within 12-15% (straight/indoor walk) of ground truth compared to 17-22% for previous work. Implementation on a mobile phone demonstrates that both methods can run efficiently online.
Aiolos Overexpression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B Cell Subtypes and BAFF-Induced Memory B Cell Differentiation Are Reduced by CC-220 Modulation of Cereblon Activity (2017)

BAFF is a B cell survival and maturation factor implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this in vitro study, we describe that soluble BAFF in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 is a T cell contact-independent inducer of human B cell proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion from circulating CD27<sup>+</sup> memory and memory-like CD27<sup>-</sup>IgD<sup>-</sup> double-negative (DN) B cells, but not CD27<sup>-</sup>IgD<sup>+</sup> naive B cells. In contrast, soluble CD40L in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 induces these activities in both memory and naive B cells. Blood from healthy donors and SLE patients have similar circulating levels of IL-2, whereas SLE patients exhibit elevated BAFF and DN B cells and reduced IL-21. B cell differentiation transcription factors in memory, DN, and naive B cells in SLE show elevated levels of Aiolos, whereas Ikaros levels are unchanged. Treatment with CC-220, a modulator of the cullin ring ligase 4-cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, reduces Aiolos and Ikaros protein levels and BAFF- and CD40L-induced proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion. The observation that the soluble factors BAFF, IL-2, and IL-21 induce memory and DN B cell activation and differentiation has implications for extrafollicular plasmablast development within inflamed tissue. Inhibition of B cell plasmablast differentiation by reduction of Aiolos and Ikaros may have utility in the treatment of SLE, where elevated levels of BAFF and Aiolos may prime CD27<sup>+</sup> memory and DN memory-like B cells to become Ab-producing plasmablasts in the presence of BAFF and proinflammatory cytokines.
Social networks (2010)

Social networks are networks in which the vertices are people, or sometimes groups of people, and the edges represent some form of social interaction between them, such as friendship. This chapter begins with a short summary of the origins and research focus of the field of social networks. It then describes some of the techniques used to discover social network structure, including interviews and questionnaires, direct observation, and data from archival or third-party records.
Electron-beam induced crystallization transition in self-developing amorphous AlF3 resists (1996)

Transmission electron microscopy is used to investigate electron-induced crystallization of thermally evaporated amorphous AlF3(a-AlF3). It is shown that this material undergoes a very complicated crystallization process with three crystalline substances (Al, AlF3, and Al2O3) formed as the dose increases. The sequence of the crystallization is highly sensitive to the presence of water, which inhibits radiolytic dissociation of a-AlF3 into Al and fluorine, reduces the dose required for the crystallization of a-AlF3, and causes the transformation of AlF3 into Al2O3.
Lithium‐phenyläthinolat und seine Umsetzung mit Carbonylverbindungen zu β‐Lactonen (1975)

Ein Inolat (2) , das heißt ein acetylenartiges Analogon der seit langem bekannten Enolate, entsteht intermediär, wenn man das Isoxazol (1) mit einer Lithium‐Verbindung umsetzt. Das Inolat läßt sich mit Ketonen unter Bildung von β‐Lactonen (3) abfangen magnified image .
Effect of Concomitant Consumption of Fish Oil and Vitamin E on Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Elderly Humans (2004)

A beneficial effect of fish oil in reducing inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases has been suggested. This effect occurs in part through fish oil's inhibition of synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Epidemiologic studies have shown a link between increased intake of vitamin E in diet and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Since pro-inflammatory cytokines have been indicated in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the current study was designed to determine the effect of concomitant consumption of fish oil and vitamin E on interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Healthy elderly subjects consumed fish oil plus different doses of vitamin E for 3 months. The results indicated that, in general, fish oil inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and vitamin E did not interfere with this effect of fish oil; rather its supplementation might further contribute to the fish oil-induced inhibition of these cytokines, in particular at the 200 mg/d dose.
Expression of Lymphomagenic Oncogenes in T-Cell Lymphomas of HPV 16 Transgenic Mice (1998)

We have previously established that a dimer repeat of the complete HPV 16 genome is sufficient to cause multiple organ malignancies, either carcinomas or T-cell lymphomas, in transgenic mice. Here, we report the expression of oncogenes supporting the notion that these tumors arose via multiple oncogenic pathways. In these mice, the transgenic HPV 16 genome cosegregated with the tumor phenotype. E6/E7 expression was observed in both carcinomas and T-cell lymphomas, while E2 expression was observed only in T-cell lymphomas. Some of the T-cell lymphomas revealed E2 expression alone, implying that oncogenic pathways of HPV other than the one involving E6/E7 existed in these transgenic mice. To establish that this is the case, expression of genes downstream from E6/E7 and oncogenes involved in T-cell lymphoma formation were analyzed. p53 mutations were observed in two of five tumors that lacked E6 expression. High levels of c-myc gene expression were observed in five of six tumors with E7 expression, suggesting that a pathway involving E7, inactivation of Rb, and activation of c-myc is important in tumorigenesis of HPV 16 in these transgenic animals. High levels of expression of the c-Pim gene were also noted in two of three c-myc-expressing T-cell lymphomas, suggesting cooperation between these two proto-oncogenes. Activation of Hox-11, Tal2/SCL-2, and Rbtn1/Ttg1 expression, which are highly associated with human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), was observed in three of three T-cell lymphomas with E2 expression but not E6/E7 expression, showing that pathways to tumor formation not involving E6/E7 exist in these transgenic animals. At least two oncogenic pathways to tumors in HPV 16 transgenic mice exist, one involving E6/E7 and c-myc and the other involving E2 and lymphomagenic oncogenes.
PASS: a program to align short sequences (2009)

Source code and binaries are freely available for download at http://pass.cribi.unipd.it, implemented in C++and supported on Linux and Windows.
Comparative Genomics of the Pennate Diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>  (2005)

Diatoms are one of the most important constituents of phytoplankton communities in aquatic environments, but in spite of this, only recently have large-scale diatom-sequencing projects been undertaken. With the genome of the centric species Thalassiosira pseudonana available since mid-2004, accumulating sequence information for a pennate model species appears a natural subsequent aim. We have generated over 12,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and upon assembly into a nonredundant set, 5,108 sequences were obtained. Significant similarity (E < 1E-04) to entries in the GenBank nonredundant protein database, the COG profile database, and the Pfam protein domains database were detected, respectively, in 45.0%, 21.5%, and 37.1% of the nonredundant collection of sequences. This information was employed to functionally annotate the P. tricornutum nonredundant set and to create an internet-accessible queryable diatom EST database. The nonredundant collection was then compared to the putative complete proteomes of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, and the centric diatom T. pseudonana. A number of intriguing differences were identified between the pennate and the centric diatoms concerning activities of relevance for general cell metabolism, e.g. genes involved in carbon-concentrating mechanisms, cytosolic acetyl-Coenzyme A production, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Finally, codon usage and utilization of C and G relative to gene expression (as measured by EST redundance) were studied, and preferences for utilization of C and CpG doublets were noted among the P. tricornutum EST coding sequences.
Peritoneal fluid cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases as early markers of anastomotic leakage in colorectal anastomosis: a literature review and meta‐analysis (2013)

Measurement of drain fluid cytokines and MMP has the potential to diagnose colorectal anastomotic leakage at a preclinical stage, but is not yet ready for clinical use. Further research is needed, possibly using IL-6 in combination with other cytokines and MMP as markers.
LibreCAN (2019)

Modern Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are equipped with an increasing number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs), many of which produce large amounts of data. Data is exchanged between ECUs via an in-vehicle network, with the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus being the de facto standard in contemporary vehicles. Furthermore, CAVs have not only physical interfaces but also increased data connectivity to the Internet via their Telematic Control Units (TCUs), enabling remote access via mobile devices. It is also possible to tap into, and read/write data from/to the CAN bus, as data transmitted on the CAN bus is not encrypted. This naturally generates concerns about automotive cybersecurity. One commonality among most vehicular security attacks reported to date is that they ultimately require write access to the CAN bus. In order to cause targeted and intentional changes in vehicle behavior, malicious CAN injection attacks require knowledge of the CAN message format. However, since this format is proprietary to OEMs and can differ even among different models of a single make of vehicle, one must manually reverse-engineer the CAN message format of each vehicle they target --- a time-consuming and tedious process that does not scale. To mitigate this difficulty, we develop LibreCAN, which can translate most CAN messages with minimal effort. Our extensive evaluation on multiple vehicles demonstrates LibreCAN's efficiency in terms of accuracy, coverage, required manual effort and scalability to any vehicle.
Developing an automated distributed meeting scheduler (1997)

Automated scheduling agents allow users to concentrate on productive tasks and to improve the quality of information processing. The author uses a distributed approach with intelligent agents to design and develop efficient meeting scheduling. The purpose of the project is to design and implement a software system that uses intelligent meeting-scheduling agents that can negotiate with other agents without compromising their user-specified constraints. A small group of researchers in our department runs the prototype system, and we are using feedback from them to improve the interface and to expand the functionality of the system.
Hearing thresholds at high frequencies: Results obtained using a new measurement technique (1985)

The hearing thresholds for 40 young adults (18–26 years) were measured at 13 frequencies (8, 9,…,20 kHz) using a newly developed high-frequency audiometer. All subjects were screened at 15-dB hearing level at the low audiometric frequencies, had tympanometry within normal limits, and had no history of significant hearing problems. The audiometer delivered sound to the ear canal through a tube and earpiece in which a small calibrated microphone was located. For each ear, a calibration function relating sound pressure at the inner end of the ear canal to voltage at the acoustic source was calculated from an impulse recorded at the microphone. Calibration functions for different ears extended over a range of 15 dB at some frequencies. For some subjects cross modes in the ear canal prevented accurate calibration at the highest frequencies. Most high-frequency audiograms exhibited a sharply sloping increase in threshold. The location in frequency of this abrupt increase in threshold differed considerably among different subjects and appeared to provide the best characterization of an individuals's high-frequency hearing. [Supported by a contract from NINCDS.]
Soundtracks for computer animation: sound rendering in dynamic environments with occlusions (1997)

With the development of virtual reality systems and multi-modal simulations, soundtrack generation is becoming an important issue in computer graphics. In the context of computer generated animation, many more parameters than the sole object geometry as well as specific events can be used to generate, control and render a soundtrack that fits the object motions.
Carotenoid profiles of yeasts belonging to the genera <i>Rhodotorula</i>, <i>Rhodosporidium</i>, <i>Sporobolomyces</i>, and <i>Sporidiobolus</i> (2007)

Eighteen yeast species of the genera Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Sporobolomyces, and Sporidiobolus, each one represented by its type strain, were investigated with the objective of evaluating their carotenoid composition. The pigments were extracted from yeast cells, quantified by high pressure liquid chromatography diode array detector and the main compounds were confirmed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry. Significant (P < 0.01) differences among several species and (or) genera were observed. Thirteen strains were seen to be able to produce carotenoids, from 16.4 to 184 microg/g cell dry mass and from 6.0 to 1993.4 microg/L culture. The main carotenoids produced were identified as torularhodin, torulene, gamma-carotene, and beta-carotene. The correlation matrix calculated on the basis of the carotenoid composition data matrix indicated significant (P < 0.01) relationships between torulene and torularhodin (r = 0.81), gamma-carotene and torulene (r = 0.49), beta-carotene and torulene (r = -0.72), as well as beta-carotene and gamma-carotene (r = 0.64). These significant correlation coefficients may suggest that species belonging to the genera Rhodosporidium, Sporobolomyces, and Sporidiobolus possess a carotenoid biosynthetic pathway analogous to that elsewhere postulated for Rhodotorula species.
Antihypertensive Effects of a Combination of a Diuretic and a β-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agent in Conscious, Renal Hypertensive Dogs (1978)

The influence of a diuretic, clorexolone and a β-adrenoceptor blocking agent, alprenolol, alone and in combination, on blood pressure, heart rate and serum angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were examined in 5 conscious renal hypertensive dogs. Clorexolone (10 mg/kg p.o., twice a day) caused a slight increase in heart rate, and a gradual decrease in blood pressure which became significant after the second day of treatment (p<0.05). The mean reduction in systolic blood pressure by clorexolone alone was about 15 mm Hg. Addition of alprenolol (10 mg/kg p.o., twice a day) induced a further rapid decrease in arterial blood pressure and there was a tendency toward decrease in the increased heart rate. The mean decrease in systolic blood pressure was about 26 mm Hg and such was highly significant in comparison with that exerted by clorexolone alone (p<0.025). After withdrawal of clorexolone and final replacement of alprenolol with lactose, the decreased blood pressure gradually returned to the initial value. Increases in serum angiotensin II and aldosterone levels seen after clorexolone alone declined to the initial value when alprenolol was given in combination with clorexolone. The antihypertensive effect of this combination is attributed mainly to the inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, to decrease in circulating blood volume, and in part to decrease in the heart rate.
On Repairing Ill-Typed Expressions (2013)

Abstract. When developing code, a programmer typically knows the approximate structure of the desired expression. However, often the first attempt at writing it down results in an ill-typed code fragment. We propose an approach that automatically repairs code expressions based on the provided almost-correct code. Such a code repair can be applied in interactive scenarios like advanced code completion, as well as in automated repair in the compilation process. We formally define the problem of automatically repairing ill-typed expressions. For the certain class of problems we describe a polynomial time synthesis algorithm that returns the best well-typed expression corresponding to the given ill-typed expression. We also present a complete algorithm that takes as input an ill-typed expression and returns the desired number of type-correct expressions that are closest to the input expression. We simultaneously fix all the type errors in the expression.