gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self calibrating pressure sensor for biomedical applications (2009)

In this paper we present for the first time a wireless self calibrating pressure sensor for biomedical applications. The proposed system consists of a piezoresistive pressure sensor implemented on a thin silicon membrane, a catheter tube and finally a protection capsule fabricated from a biocompatible polymer (PEEK). A double side flex with embedded conductors has been used to create the interconnections between the pressure sensor and the control circuit which is further connected to a wireless transceiver. The auto calibration capability of the proposed sensor enables to avoid the existing problem of drift with time and hence provides an excellent solution for long term monitoring. Moreover, the catheter of the proposed system has a reduced length of only 200mm in comparison to the 1m length for the existing wired solutions.
Synthesis and Solubility of Linear Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-<i>co</i>-vinyl acetate) in Dense CO<sub>2</sub>:  Experimental and Molecular Modeling Results (2004)

Supercritical carbon dioxide was used as a reaction medium to synthesize statistically random (i.e., no specific correlation between the location of the monomers on the polymer) copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and vinyl acetate (VAc) with similar molar mass and 11.6−63.3 mol % TFE content. The solubility of the copolymers at 25 °C in CO2 reduced after reaching a maximum value at a TFE molar concentration of 19.3 mol %. The 46.7 mol % TFE copolymer only dissolved in CO2 at elevated temperatures, whereas the 63.3 mol % TFE copolymer did not dissolve in CO2 even at temperatures in excess of 144 °C and pressures of 210 MPa. The molecular modeling results show that the interaction of CO2 with acetate side group was not affected by presence of fluorine in the polymer backbone; therefore, the enhanced solubility of the semifluorinated copolymers is attributable to the enhanced binding between CO2 and the semifluorinated backbone of the copolymer when the CO2 molecule can access both the fluorinated (Lewis base) and hydrogenated (Lewis acid) parts of the backbone simultaneously.
Superoleophilic Titania Nanoparticle Coatings with Fast Fingerprint Decomposition and High Transparency (2017)

Low surface tension sebaceous liquids such as human fingerprint oils are readily deposited on high energy surfaces such as clean glass, leaving smudges that significantly lower transparency. There have been several attempts to prevent formation of these dactylograms on glass by employing oil-repellent textured surfaces. However, nanotextured superoleophobic coatings typically scatter visible light, and the intrinsic thermodynamic metastability of the composite superoleophobic state can result in failure of the oil repellency under moderate contact pressure. We develop titania-based porous nanoparticle coatings that are superoleophilic and highly transparent and which exhibit short time scales for decomposition of fingerprint oils under ultraviolet light. The mechanism by which a typical dactylogram is consumed combines wicking of the sebum into the nanoporous titania structure followed by photocatalytic degradation. We envision a wide range of applications because these TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructured surfaces remain photocatalytically active against fingerprint oils in natural sunlight and are also compatible with flexible glass substrates.
Smart routers-simple optics a network architecture for IP over WDM (2002)

A simple, general IP/WDM node architecture is prototyped, concentrating intelligence for optical and electronic resource management in IP, and exposing to IP a simple interface to WDM's capabilities for configurable bandwidth.
Transaction communicators (2011)

In this paper, we propose to extend transactional memory with transaction communicators, special objects through which concurrent transactions can communicate: changes by one transaction to a communicator can be seen by concurrent transactions before the first transaction commits. Although isolation of transactions is compromised by such communication, we constrain the effects of this compromise by tracking dependencies among transactions, and preventing any transaction from committing unless every transaction whose changes it saw also commits. In particular, mutually dependent transactions must commit or abort together, and transactions that do not communicate remain isolated. To help programmers synchronize accesses to communicators, we also provide special communicator-isolating transactions, which ensure isolation even for accesses to communicators. We propose language features to help programmers express the communicator constructs. We implemented a novel communicators-enabled STM runtime in the Maxine VM. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates that communicators can be used in diverse settings to improve the performance of transactional programs, and to empower programmers with the ability to safely express within transactions important programming idioms that fundamentally require compromise of transaction isolation (e.g., CSP-style synchronous communication).
Quality-Driven Continuous Query Execution over Out-of-Order Data Streams (2015)

Executing continuous queries over out-of-order data streams, where tuples are not ordered according to timestamps, is challenging; because high result accuracy and low result latency are two conflicting performance metrics. Although many applications allow trading exact query results for lower latency, they still expect the produced results to meet a certain quality requirement. However, none of existing disorder handling approaches have considered minimizing the result latency while meeting user-specified requirements on the quality of query results.
Effect of Alloying Elements on Toughness and Ductility of Magnesium (2019)

Development of magnesium alloys, which exhibit high strength and high ductility (fracture toughness), is critical for ensuring safety and reliability in structural applications. It is well-known that grain refinement and/or alloying are impressive strategies to attain such properties in metallic materials. In the former case, grain boundaries of magnesium and its alloys have unique characteristics, e.g., sites for non-basal dislocation activity and occurrence of partial grain boundary sliding. As a result, strength as well as ductility (fracture toughness) tend to increase and improve with grain refinement. In the latter case, 29 types of solid solution elements, which have a maximum solubility of more than 0.1 at％, can dissolve in magnesium. Several elements are generally added to magnesium simultaneously to achieve good mechanical properties via a synergistic effect. In industrial fields, ternary magnesium alloys such as Mg-Al-Zn and Mg-Zn-Zr alloys, which have fine-grained structures, have been widely used; however, there is no still clear and systematic understanding of the impact of various alloying elements on properties for magnesium. In this paper, we review recent results on the effect of solid solution alloying elements on ductility (fracture toughness), with focusing on polycrystalline binary magnesium alloys. Regarding the toughness, crack-propagation behavior and/or fracture behavior are quite sensitive to the alloying element, regardless of the grain size. Twin boundaries in particular are recognized as harmful defects, because the act as crack-propagation site. Nevertheless, changing the electric bonding behavior through alloying has the potential to increase toughness. As for the ductility, alloying elements also dramatically affect the room-temperature plastic deformation; activation of not only non-basal dislocation slip but also grain boundary sliding plays a notable role in enhancing the elongation-to-failure in tension.
Systematic Evaluation of Protein-Based Nanoparticles for Stable Delivery of Small Interfering RNA (2020)

Developing a delivery vehicle to protect siRNA from degradation is a significant challenge. To solve this challenge, researchers attempted to use protein-based nanoparticles to deliver siRNA with limited to moderate success. However, a systematic investigation of comparing the ability of different protein-based nanoparticles as vehicles to deliver siRNA stably within cells is still unavailable. Therefore, in this study we synthesized a library of both non-targeted (proteinsiRNA) nanoparticles (NPs) and targeted (antibody conjugated protein-siRNA) NPs and evaluated ability to stably deliver siRNA in to cells to silence the gene of interest. We investigated nanoparticles of casein, bovine serum albumin, and gelatin for the delivery of siRNA. We synthesized and characterized a total of 12 nanoconjugates; in these conjugates, we either encapsulated, electrostatically attached, or covalently conjugated siRNA. We evaluated the efficiency of attaching siRNA to nanoconjugates, stability, and cellular delivery. The ability of siRNA to silence the protein of interest in cancer cells was also investigated. Among non-targeted conjugates, BSA matrix imparted relatively high stability to siRNA when encapsulated. Among targeted nanoconjugates, gelatin nanoparticles rendered high stability to siRNA upon covalent conjugation to the surface. On comparing with both targeted and non-targeted NPs for release of siRNA within cells, antibody-gelatin-siRNA conjugate exhibited high release and functional activity (down-regulation of target protein levels) within the cells as confirmed by both fluorescence imaging and Western blotting. In summary, our investigations show that targeted gelatin nanoparticles and non-targeted BSA nanoparticles possess high stability and excellent gene suppression capabilities and warrants further studies. We can extend the results from this study to develop stable siRNA delivery vehicles to specifically silence the protein of interest.
Optimization of radiosurgery treatment planning via mixed integer programming (2000)

An automated optimization algorithm based on mixed integer programming techniques is presented for generating high-quality treatment plans for LINAC radiosurgery treatment. The physical planning in radiosurgery treatment involves selecting among a large collection of beams with different physical parameters an optimal beam configuration (geometries and intensities) to deliver the clinically prescribed radiation dose to the tumor volume while sparing the nearby critical structure and normal tissue. The proposed mixed integer programming models incorporate strict dose restrictions on tumor volume, and constraints on the desired number of beams, isocenters, couch angles, and gantry angles. The model seeks to deliver full prescription dose coverage and uniform radiation dose to the tumor volume while minimizing the excess radiation to the periphery normal tissue. In particular, it ensures that proximal normal tissues receive minimal dose via rapid dose fall-off. Preliminary numerical tests on a single patient case indicate that this approach can produce exceptionally high-quality plans in a fraction of the time required using the procedure currently employed by clinicians. The resulting plans provide highly uniform prescription dose to the tumor volume while drastically reducing the irradiation received by the proximal critical normal tissue.
Phase-Shifted Terahertz Fiber Bragg Grating for Strain Sensing With Large Dynamic Range (2015)

Recent advances in optical fiber sensing techniques have demonstrated the utility of terahertz (THz) gratings as a modality for strain and temperature sensing. However, these techniques remain reliant on the use of higher order resonant peaks, enhancing their sensitivity at the cost of limited dynamic range. The use of a lower order resonant peak for sensing can lead to a larger dynamic range at the cost of accuracy. This letter reports a π-phase-shifted THz fiber Bragg grating, fabricated using a femtosecond laser, capable of detecting changes in strain over a substantially larger dynamic range than previously reported methods with improved accuracy. A second THz grating without a π-phase-shifted structure, but otherwise identically constructed, was interrogated in series on the same optical fiber. The two devices were simultaneously experimentally investigated using a strain test (~1 mε in total), and the results presented in this letter. In addition, the theoretical models of the devices were created, which closely matched experimentally observed device physics.
Optical Amplifier Noise Figure -A New Approach to Amplifier Characterization (1994)

There is an intensive discussion in the lightwave communication industry about the right method of measuring the noise figure of optical amplifiers (OFAs): optical or electrical? The paper suggests starting each technique with a complete noise figure model for OFAs. Particular emphasis is on the noise produced by multiple path interference: a new model is presented which does not depend on the linewidth of the source and which can be determined using both optical or electrical techniques. Practical measurement results will also be shown.
UPnP and IEEE 11073: Integrating personal health devices in home networks (2014)

Personal Health Devices (PHDs) with wireless technologies are becoming popular for remotely monitoring patients. However, although these devices are portable and mostly used at home, their integration with Consumer Electronics (CE) devices and networks is still in the earlier steps. This article presents a reference architecture that integrates at home PHDs and CE devices based on the UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) technology and the IEEE 11073 set of standards. This article introduces a UPnP device architecture for personal m-Health (mobile Health), describing how different types of devices interact to exchange personal health information. One of the main features of this work is the use of widely adopted data formats, such as eXtended Markup Language (XML) for health information exchange based on IEEE 11073 data model. Such approach enables web based CE networks, such as UPnP, to interact with PHD devices efficiently.
Design and Optimization of Thermomechanical Actuator via Contour Shaping (2005)

In this paper we disclose how to contour the beams of micro-scale thermomechanical actuators (TMAs) in order to enhance the actuator’s thermal and mechanical performance. In this approach, we vary the cross section of the driving Joule heated beams over the length of the beam. Using this approach, (1) the stored mechanical energy and axial stiffness of beam may be modified to achieve an optimized force-displacement relationship, (2) the maximum achievable thermal strain of a driving beam may be increased by 29%, (3) actuator stroke may be increased by a factor of 3 or more, (4) identical force or displacement characteristics may be achieved with 90% reduction in power. This paper presents the theory and models used to predict the thermal and mechanical behavior of the actuator. The theory and models were used to create a deterministic link between the actuator’s design parameters and the actuator’s performance characteristics. The theory and models were combined within a design tool that shows less than 5% error from non-linear Finite Element Analysis simulations. The design tool has been used to generate plots that enable designers to (1) understand the qualitative relationships between design parameters and performance and (2) select first-pass design parameters. The theory was used to create a design tool, posted at http://psdam.mit.edu, that may be used to perform qualitative design assessment and optimization.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Employed as Seeds for the Induction of Microcrystalline Diamond Synthesis (2008)

Abstract Iron nanoparticles were employed to induce the synthesis of diamond on molybdenum, silicon, and quartz substrates. Diamond films were grown using conventional conditions for diamond synthesis by hot filament chemical vapor deposition, except that dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles replaced the seeding. X-ray diffraction, visible, and ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy , electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to study the carbon bonding nature of the films and to analyze the carbon clustering around the seed nanoparticles leading to diamond synthesis. The results indicate that iron oxide nanoparticles lose the O atoms, becoming thus active C traps that induce the formation of a dense region of trigonally and tetrahedrally bonded carbon around them with the ensuing precipitation of diamond-type bonds that develop into microcrystalline diamond films under chemical vapor deposition conditions. This approach to diamond induction can be combined with dip pen nanolithography for the selective deposition of diamond and diamond patterning while avoiding surface damage associated to diamond-seeding methods.
Tuberculosis Immunopathology: The Neglected Role of Extracellular Matrix Destruction (2011)

The extracellular matrix in the lung must be destroyed for Mycobacterium tuberculosis--the agent that causes tuberculosis (TB)--to spread. The current paradigm proposes that this destruction occurs as a result of the action of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, immune cells, and lipids that mediate TB-associated necrosis in the lung. However, this view neglects the fact that lung matrix can only be degraded by proteases. We propose an original conceptual framework of TB immunopathology that may lead directly to treatments that involve inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity to hinder matrix destruction and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with TB.
Generating production quality software development tools using a machine description language (2001)

This paper presents a methodology to automatically generate production quality software development tools for programmable architectures using the machine description language LISA. Various architectures presenting diverse architectural originalities will be presented and the feasibility of automatically generating simulator, assembler, linker and graphical debugger frontend are discussed. The presented approach is not limited to a fixed abstraction level-case studies of the Texas Instruments C62x and C54x, the Analog Devices ADSP2101 as well as the ARM7 show the applicability of the methodology from cycle/phase to instruction accurate models.
Micrometeoroid/Orbital Debris (MMOD) Impact Detection and Location Using Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensing Technology (2017)

Spacecraft in low earth orbit (LEO) experience a variety of hazards including exposure to micrometeoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Average impact speeds for orbital debris on spacecraft in LEO are 9 to 10 km/s, and 20 km/s for micrometeoroids. Due to their high speeds, MMOD can cause considerable impact damage to sensitive spacecraft surfaces such as windows, structural elements, electronic boxes, solar arrays, radiators, thermal protection system (TPS) materials covering crew/cargo return vehicles, as well as crew modules. Prolonged exposure to the on-orbit MMOD environment can potentially compromise the TPS covering return vehicles such as the future crewed vehicles expected to visit and remain for a half-year or longer at the International Space Station (ISS). However, determination of MMOD impact damage to the TPS on crew/cargo return vehicles, or damage to other orbiting spacecraft currently requires visual inspection. For human-rated spacecraft such as the ISS and, previously, the Space Shuttle Orbiter, this has required crew time as well as vehicle assets to identify damage due to MMOD strikes. For unmanned spacecraft, there are no human assets present to conduct detailed surveys to identify potential damage. While the practice of visual inspection may successfully indicate the location of a debris strike, it does not currently allow precise determination of exactly when the debris strike occurred. It is only possible to determine that a debris strike has occurred between two successive inspection events unless damage to other components can allow inference that a debris strike occurred at a specified time. Initial development testing of a novel MMOD sensing concept amenable for potential implementation in a structural health monitoring system is discussed. Using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology, a test article representative of a spacecraft MMOD shield layer or spacecraft structure was subjected to hypervelocity impact testing. The FBG array successfully detected that an impact had occurred, when it occurred and where it occurred on the structure. Detection of both the impact wave and the residual strain in the structure can be used to infer the location of the impact. The potential application of this technology to spacecraft is discussed.
Cell type-specific gene expression in the Drosophila melanogaster male accessory gland (1992)

The accessory gland of the male Drosophila melanogaster plays a vital role in reproduction. This secretory organ synthesizes products that are transferred to the female and are necessary to elicit the proper physiological and behavioral responses in the female. The accessory gland is composed of two morphologically distinct secretory cell types, the main cells and the secondary cells. Previous studies identified some genes expressed in main cells or in all accessory gland cells. In this paper we use P-element mediated enhancer traps to examine gene expression in the accessory gland. We show that, in addition to genes expressed in main cells only or in all accessory gland secretory cells, there are genes expressed specifically in secondary cells. Each cell type is uniform in the expression of its genes. Our results demonstrate that the two cell types are not only morphologically distinct but also biochemically distinct. We also show that the two cell types differ in their regulation of gene expression in response to mating activity.
A phase 1/2 trial of HQK‐1001, an oral fetal globin inducer, in sickle cell disease (2012)

Therapeutics which reduce the pathology in sickle cell syndromes are needed, particularly noncytotoxic therapeutics. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α(2) γ(2) ) is established as a major regulator of disease severity; increased HbF levels correlate with milder clinical courses and improved survival. Accordingly, sodium dimethylbutyrate (HQK-1001), an orally-bioavailable, promoter-targeted fetal globin gene-inducing agent, was evaluated in a randomized, blinded, dose-ranging Phase I/II trial in 24 adult patients with HbSS or S/β thalassemia, to determine safety and tolerability of three escalating dose levels. The study therapeutic was administered once daily for two 6-week cycles, with a two-week interim dose holiday. Twenty-one patients completed the study. Five patients received study drug at 10 or 20 mg/kg doses, seven patients received study drug at 30 mg/kg/dose, and 4 patients received placebo. HQK-1001 was well-tolerated with no unexpected drug-related adverse events; a dose-limiting toxicity was not identified. Plasma drug levels were sustained above targeted levels for 24 hr. Increases in HbF above baseline were observed particularly with 30 mg/kg/day doses; in five of seven treated patients, a mean absolute increase in HbF of 0.2 g/dl and a mean increase in total hemoglobin (Hgb) of 0.83 g/dl above baseline were observed, whereas no increases occurred in placebo-treated controls. These findings of favorable PK profiles, tolerability, early rises in HbF, and total Hgb indicate that trials of longer duration appear warranted to more definitively evaluate the therapeutic potential of HQK-1001 in sickle cell disease.