gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated Carbon Adsorption of Methylene Blue Based on Artificial Neural Network (2010)

The static solution of the 0.25~0.3mm specifications powder activated carbon on methylene blue adsorption under different conditions,such as carbon dosage,concentration,time and temperature factors is investigated.The complex nonlinear relationship of the dosage of activated carbon,solution concentration,time and temperature with methylene blue removal is established by BP neural network prediction system based on MATLAB.The neural network model is trained by using the experimental data,and the accuracy meets 0.0001 after trained for 518 times and the test data is proved right.The results indicate that the predicted and measured values are very close,and the error is only-0.0042 and 0.0014.Respectively,the BP neural network model system established in this study is successful.
Combining Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and Hydrocarbon Reactions under FT Reaction Conditions -- Catalyst and Reactor Studies with Co or Fe and Pt/ZSM-5 (2007)

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) offers the potential to produce high-value transportation fuels or petrochemicals from biomass (``2nd generation biofuels"). Primary synthesis products contain mainly n-alkanes and n-alkenes, ranging from methane to high molecular weight waxes. Bifunctional catalysts, as used in petroleum refining, are capable of modifying hydrocarbon molecules. They are characterized by the presence of acidic sites, which provide the hydrocracking and isomerization functions, as well as metal sites, which provide hydro-/dehydrogenation functions, and thus avoid the formation of carbon. The present study addresses the combination of FT synthesis (with Co or Fe catalysts) and hydrocarbon modification reactions. Experimental results obtained in a dual layer configuration with Fe and Co catalysts and Pt/ZSM-5 indicate i) an increase of branched hydrocarbons in the gasoline range (C5-C10), ii) a decrease of alkene and alcohol yields, iii) partial hydrocracking of long chain hydrocarbon molecules leading to higher yields of gasoline and distillates, iv) nearly constant methane selectivity in comparison with the FT catalyst alone, and v) no significant catalyst deactivation. In addition, studies with 1-octene as the model compound were carried out, being mixed with synthesis gas H2/CO or with H2/Ar. The presence of CO decreases reaction rates of hydrogenation and hydrocracking, although all reactions still occur to a significant extent. For the conditions used in this study (1 MPa, 200-300 °C, 4000 kg s/m3), a significant change of hydrocarbon product composition with hydroprocessing catalyst functions added can be observed.
Accurate prediction of detailed routing congestion using supervised data learning (2014)

Routing congestion model is of great importance in design stages of modern physical synthesis, e.g. global routing and routability estimation during placement. As the technology node becomes smaller, routing congestion is more difficult to estimate during design stages ahead of detailed routing. In this paper, we propose a framework using nonparametric regression technique in machine learning to construct routing congestion model. The constructed model can capture multiple factors and enables direct prediction of detailed routing congestion with high accuracy. By using this model in global routing, significant reduction of design rule violations and detailed routing runtime can be achieved compared with the model in previous work, with small overhead in global routing runtime and memory usage.
Precedence and time windows constrained Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) in maritime surveillance (2014)

Maritime surveillance initially involves the military operational commander deciding on the areas to be searched. The aim is to detect and classify targets/ships subject to the aircraft's time-on-station constraint, namely the aircraft is restricted to no more than 12 flying hours/day. Very often, a precedence relationship exists between regions to be searched. In addition, time windows or rigid lower and upper bounds on the time the regions have to be searched are also specified. It has recently been shown by Marlow et al and the authors that the surveillance problem can be modelled as a travelling salesman problem (TSP). However, our problem is unique and distinct from the classical TSP. The time windows and precedence constraints are frequently subject to changes or revisions because of continuous intelligence updates. Previously calculated flight path can become infeasible. The solution procedure should only involve easy implementable algorithms so as to allow flight crew to readily recalculate the revised flight path, preferably in an interactive mode. This paper develops an implementable hybrid dynamic programming/heuristic algorithm for surveillance mission planning. To avoid incorporating the difficulty of time windows or precedence constraint changes in the formulation, we adopt the K best solution strategy approach. The essence is to put aside the time windows and/or the precedence constraint and compute successively more desirable solutions for the TSP until the best solution which does satisfy the change restrictions is found, namely the kth best solution.
Management of refractory complex partial seizures: current state of the art (2010)

Diagnosis of complex partial epilepsy is based on the clinical history, and laboratory tests, including EEG and neuroimaging studies, corroborate the diagnosis. The goal of epilepsy management is to make the patient completely seizure-free without drug-induced side effects, even in the patient with refractory complex partial seizures. Frequently this can be accomplished by choice of the optimal antiepileptic drug (AED) or a combination of drugs, the use of strategies to maximize the effectiveness of drug treatment, or by surgical removal of the seizure focus. Currently there are five "classical" first-line AEDs and 11 new AEDs available in the US and in many other countries for the treatment of localization-related epilepsy. The current state of the evidence is that no AED is clearly superior to other AEDs in the management of refractory complex partial seizures. Therefore the choice of which drug to use in an individual patient has to be based on other considerations, including the potential adverse reactions that may occur in that patient. There are a number of strategies for optimal use of AEDs in the management of refractory complex partial seizures. These include verification of the diagnosis of epilepsy and classification of specific seizure types, use of monotherapy if possible but polytherapy if necessary, starting with a low dose and raising it slowly but, until complete seizure control is achieved, pushing to the maximum tolerated dose, changing timing of dosing to reduce toxicity, using pharmacokinetic principles to fine-tune AED doses, adjusting dose for drug-drug interactions, and never giving up in the pursuit of better seizure control. Resection of the seizure focus can be curative in the majority of patients with seizures localized to one mesial temporal lobe. Success rates for resection of extratemporal seizure foci are lower. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) devices result in a significant reduction of seizure frequency in many patients, but patients rarely become completely seizure-free as a result of VNS device implantation. Management of refractory complex partial seizures continues to improve with the identification of new drugs and the development of new approaches to their control and cure.
Committee Opinion No. 537 (2012)

The reprocessing and reuse of single-use instruments has become increasingly common. Although there are limited data on reprocessed single-use devices, existing studies have found a significant rate of physical defects, performance issues, or improper decontamination. There are currently no data in the medical literature of studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of reprocessed single-use devices in gynecologic surgery. The use of a reprocessed single-use device provides no direct benefit to an individual patient or her physician. It is the operating surgeon’s ethical responsibility to make a good faith effort to know whether reprocessed single-use devices are to be used, and to not use instruments if he or she has concerns about the quality or safety of the instrument(s). Studies on the safety, quality, and cost-effectiveness of reprocessed single-use devices in gynecologic surgery are needed. Physicians should be informed whether the instruments used in surgery are original or reprocessed, and adverse events should be reported to improve the safety information about reprocessed single-use devices.
Coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor expression predicts the efficiency of adenoviral gene transfer into non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. (2003)

These studies indicate CAR expression is predictive for more efficient gene transfer into NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo but is not sufficient to achieve uniform transduction by Group C Ad vectors in vivo.
Oxidation of Plasma Cysteine/Cystine Redox State in Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury (2008)

Several lines of evidence indicate that perturbations in the extracellular thiol/disulfide redox environment correlate with the progression and severity of acute lung injury (ALI). Cysteine (Cys) and its disulfide Cystine (CySS) constitute the most abundant, low-molecular-weight thiol/disulfide redox couple in the plasma, and Cys homeostasis is adversely affected during the inflammatory response to infection and injury. While much emphasis has been placed on glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), little is known about the regulation of the Cys/CySS couple in ALI. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endotoxin administration causes a decrease in Cys and/or an oxidation of the plasma Cys/CySS redox state (E(h) Cys/CySS), and to determine whether these changes were associated with changes in plasma E(h) GSH/GSSG. Mice received endotoxin intraperitoneally, and GSH and Cys redox states were measured at time points known to correlate with the progression of endotoxin-induced lung injury. E(h) in mV was calculated using Cys, CySS, GSH, and GSSG values by high-performance liquid chromatography and the Nernst equation. We observed distinct effects of endotoxin on the GSH and Cys redox systems during the acute phase; plasma E(h) Cys/CySS was selectively oxidized early in response to endotoxin, while E(h) GSH/GSSG remained unchanged. Unexpectedly, subsequent oxidation of E(h) GSH/GSSG and E(h) Cys/CySS occurred as a consequence of endotoxin-induced anorexia. Taken together, the results indicate that enhanced oxidation of Cys, altered transport of Cys and CySS, and decreased food intake each contribute to the oxidation of plasma Cys/CySS redox state in endotoxemia.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Potential MRI Contrast Agent Containing Two Paramagnetic Centers with Albumin Binding Affinity (2005)

A dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex of an amphiphilic chelating ligand, containing two diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentaacetate (DTPA) moieties bridged by a bisindole derivative with three methoxy groups, has been synthesized and evaluated as a potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements indicate that at 20 MHz and 37 degrees C the dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex has a much higher relaxivity than [Gd(DTPA)] (6.8 vs 3.9 s(-1) mmol(-1)). The higher relaxivity of the dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex can be related to its reduced motion and larger rotational correlation time relative to [Gd(DTPA)]. In the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) the relaxivity value of the noncovalently bound dinuclear complex increases to 15.2 s(-1) per mmol of Gd3+, due to its relatively strong interaction with this protein. The fitted value of the binding constant to HSA (Ka) was found to be 10(4) M(-1). Because of its interaction with HSA, the dinuclear complex exhibits a longer elimination half-life from the plasma, and a better confinement to the vascular space compared to the commercially available [Gd(DTPA)] contrast agent. Transmetalation of the dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex by zinc(II) has been investigated. Biodistribution studies suggest that the complex is excreted by the renal pathway, and possibly by the hepatobiliary route. In vivo studies indicated that half of the normal dose of the gadolinium(III) complex enhanced the contrast in hepatic tissues around 40 % more effectively than [Gd(DTPA)]. The dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex was tested as a potential necrosis avid contrast agent (NACA), but despite the binding to HSA, it did not exhibit necrosis avidity, implying that binding to albumin is not a key parameter for necrosis-targeting properties.
Nonlinear acoustic echo canceller with DABNet + FIR structure (2006)

This work proposes a general nonlinear digital filter structure for nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation applications. It is constructed under the assumption that the nonlinearity in typical hands-free speakerphones is of a localized nature then followed by a linear room impulse response. By doing so, the proposed structure is made upon of a nonlinear discrete dynamic model cascaded with a FIR filter. The DABNet model is able to approximate the nonlinearity present in the system to any extent, while the FIR deals with the room impulse response. Comparisons of the echo canceller implemented with the DABNet + FIR show a significative performance improvement against the linear FIR echo canceller.
Screen pseudo slant lightlike submanifolds of golden semi-Riemannian manifolds (2020)

In this article, we examine the term of screen pseudo-slant lightlike submanifolds of a golden semi-Riemannian manifold. Also, we obtain an example. We give some characterizations about the geometry of such submanifolds.
A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis of the Acoustic Features of Infant-Directed Speech (2022)

When speaking to infants, adults often produce speech that differs systematically from that directed to other adults. In order to quantify the acoustic implementation of this speech style across a wide variety of languages and cultures, we extracted results from empirical studies on the acoustic features of infant-directed speech (IDS). We analyzed data from 87 unique studies (669 effect sizes) on the following five acoustic parameters that have been systematically examined in the literature: i) fundamental frequency (fo), ii) fo variability, iii) vowel space area, iv) articulation rate, and v) vowel duration. Moderator analyses were conducted in hierarchical Bayesian robust regression models in order to examine how these features change with infant age and differ across languages, experimental tasks and recording environments. The moderator analyses indicated that fo, articulation rate, and vowel duration became more similar to adult-directed speech (ADS) over time, whereas fo variability and vowel space area exhibited stability throughout development. These results point the way for future research to disentangle different accounts of the functions and learnability of IDS by conducting theory-driven comparisons among different languages and using computational models to formulate testable predictions.
[Therapeutic problems in chronic suicidal patients]. (1985)

Reported is the case of a chronically suicidal female patient who, in one of her attempts at suicide, had incurred permanent injuries to her lower extremities. The therapeutic problems were focussed on specific aspects of transference and counter-transference and, above all, an uncontrolled rage which was actualized perpetually by her physical handicap. Her destructive aggression resulted in severe stress upon the staff members and inequitable danger to her fellow patients so that her treatment had to be discontinued and subsequently resumed at another institution. It proved to be particularly important that the patient, after having been granted the freedom to leave the ward at her own discretion, had the possibility of imagining a renewed attempt at suicide by throwing herself from a hospital balcony, until she finally reached the beginning of a reorientation of her life.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer by Ultrasound: Review and Recent Advances (2011)

This paper summarizes some applications of ultrasonic vibrations regarding heat transfer enhancement techniques. Research literature is reviewed, with special attention to examples for which ultrasonic technology was used alongside a conventional heat transfer process in order to enhance it. In several industrial applications, the use of ultrasound is often a way to increase productivity in the process itself, but also to take advantage of various subsequent phenomena. The relevant example brought forward here concerns heat exchangers, where it was found that ultrasound not only increases heat transfer rates, but might also be a solution to fouling reduction.
Neural Ranking Models with Multiple Document Fields (2018)

Deep neural networks have recently shown promise in the ad-hoc retrieval task. However, such models have often been based on one field of the document, for example considering document title only or document body only. Since in practice documents typically have multiple fields, and given that non-neural ranking models such as BM25F have been developed to take advantage of document structure, this paper investigates how neural models can deal with multiple document fields. We introduce a model that can consume short text fields such as document title and long text fields such as document body. It can also handle multi-instance fields with variable number of instances, for example where each document has zero or more instances of incoming anchor text. Since fields vary in coverage and quality, we introduce a masking method to handle missing field instances, as well as a field-level dropout method to avoid relying too much on any one field. As in the studies of non-neural field weighting, we find it is better for the ranker to score the whole document jointly, rather than generate a per-field score and aggregate. We find that different document fields may match different aspects of the query and therefore benefit from comparing with separate representations of the query text. The combination of techniques introduced here leads to a neural ranker that can take advantage of full document structure, including multiple instance and missing instance data, of variable length. The techniques significantly enhance the performance of the ranker, and outperform a learning to rank baseline with hand-crafted features.
Indole Amide Hydroxamic Acids as Potent Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Molecular Therapies for Venous Malformations (2018)

Vascular anomalies are localized defects of morphogenesis that can affect lymphatic and blood vessels. They are generally called birthmarks, typically observed soon after birth and occurring in up to 10% of children. Based on their clinical and histological characteristics, they are classified into vascular tumours and vascular malformations. The most common malformations are venous malformations (VMs) resulting in chronic vascular diseases that can be associated with significant morbidity necessitating often demanding and repeating clinical management. The current treatment is based on surgical resection and sclerotherapy, which can be impossible due to the size or location of lesions or ineffective due to the regrowth of malformed vessels. Therefore, medical therapies for VMs are highly desired. Recent studies have identified genetic defects that result in the constantly active endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinase TIE2/phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K signalling pathway as a frequent cause for VMs. The first treatment to inhibit this pathway with sirolimus indicated that molecular treatment can be effective against VMs. In addition, certain VM 'hotspot' mutations have been previously found in tumours, providing the rationale for the exploration and repurposing of existing and investigational cancer drugs for VMs. Finally, discoveries of molecular and cellular abnormalities that characterize a large proportion of VMs and the generation of pre-clinical VM mouse models provide the necessary basis for the development of the targeted molecular treatment strategies we discuss in this MiniReview.
Identification of Hypericin as a Candidate Repurposed Therapeutic Agent for COVID-19 and Its Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the global economy and public health. Its etiologic agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible, pathogenic and has a rapid global spread. Currently, the increase in the number of new confirmed cases has been slowed down due to the increase of vaccination in some regions of the world. Still, the rise of new variants has influenced the detection of additional waves of rising cases that some countries have experienced. Since the virus replication cycle is composed of many distinct stages, some viral proteins related to them, as the main-protease (Mpro) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), constitute individual potential antiviral targets. In this study, we challenged the mentioned enzymes against compounds pre-approved by health regulatory agencies in a virtual screening and later in Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Bolzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) analysis. Our results showed that, among the identified potential drugs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties, Hypericin, an important component of the <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> that presents antiviral and antitumoral properties, binds with high affinity to viral Mpro and RdRp. Furthermore, we evaluated the activity of Hypericin anti-SARS-CoV-2 replication in an <i>in vitro</i> model of Vero-E6 infected cells. Therefore, we show that Hypericin inhibited viral replication in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the compound, in cultured cells, was evaluated, but no significant activity was found. Thus, the results observed in this study indicate that Hypericin is an excellent candidate for repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19, with possible inhibition of two important phases of virus maturation.
Heat shock protects kidneys against warm ischemic injury. (1991)

The present work confirms previous observations made by others that heat shock is followed by a period of protection against tissue injury. Furthermore, this protection against associated with HSP 72 production. We have identified some detrimental effects of heat shock as a technique for induction of the HSR. Clearly there exists in living tissues a highly conserved, latent cellular mechanism that can be rapidly activated by stress, which can provide useful protection against additional stressful conditions. The ability to control the expression of this response should enable one to protect cells, tissues, and organisms against situations in which tissue injury is anticipated.
SERS-based detection in an optofluidic ring resonator platform (2007)

The development of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection has made Raman spectroscopy relevant for highly sensitive labon- a-chip bio/chemical sensors. Despite the tremendous benefit in specificity that a Raman-based sensor can deliver, development of a lab-on-a- chip SERS tool has been limited thus far. In this work, we utilize an optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR) platform to develop a SERS-based detection tool with integrated microfluidics. The liquid core optical ring resonator (LCORR) serves both as the microfluidic sample delivery mechanism and as a ring resonator, exciting the metal nanoclusters and target analytes as they pass through the channel. Using this OFRR approach and R6G as the analyte, we have achieved a measured detection limit of 400 pM. The measured Raman signal in this case is likely generated by only a few hundred R6G molecules, which foreshadows the development of a SERS-based lab-on-a-chip bio/chemical sensor capable of detecting a low number of target analyte molecules.