gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HA-SLA: A Hierarchical Autonomic SLA Model for SLA Monitoring in Cloud Computing (2013)

Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a fundamental contract between service consumer and service provider which defined the qualities of agreed service. After SLA contraction, it should be monitored during the service invocations to confirm the service level objectives. Most of SLA structure and monitoring frameworks are brought from SOA and grid computing to cloud computing environment while they have different requirements. In this paper, a model is proposed as hierarchical autonomic (HA)-SLA based on cloud computing nature. It is proposed in this model that each SLA has connection with dependent SLAs in different layers of cloud computing, hierarchically, whereby each SLA should be able to monitor its attributes on its own. It is expected that HA-SLA model should able to increase SLA validity and users’ confidence without compromising the respond time. The results produced by this model should be used as one of cloud computing quality of service assurance.
Recovery of relative depth from a single observation using an uncalibrated (real-aperture) camera (2008)

In this paper we investigate the challenging problem of recovering the depth layers in a scene from a single defocused observation. The problem is definitely solvable if there are multiple observations. In this paper we show that one can perceive the depth in the scene even from a single observation. We use the inhomogeneous reverse heat equation to obtain an estimate of the blur, thereby preserving the depth information characterized by the defocus. However, the reverse heat equation, due to its parabolic nature, is divergent. We stabilize the reverse heat equation by considering the gradient degeneration as an effective stopping criterion. The amount of (inverse) diffusion is actually a measure of relative depth. Because of ill-posedness we propose a graph-cuts based method for inferring the depth in the scene using the amount of diffusion as a data likelihood and a smoothness condition on the depth in the scene. The method is verified experimentally on a varied set of test cases.
Properties of a Novel Intracellular Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Depolymerase with High Specific Activity (PhaZd) in <i>Wautersia eutropha</i> H16 (2005)

A novel intracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase (PhaZd) of Wautersia eutropha (formerly Ralstonia eutropha) H16 which shows similarity with the catalytic domain of the extracellular PHB depolymerase in Ralstonia pickettii T1 was identified. The positions of the catalytic triad (Ser190-Asp266-His330) and oxyanion hole (His108) in the amino acid sequence of PhaZd deduced from the nucleotide sequence roughly accorded with those of the extracellular PHB depolymerase of R. pickettii T1, but a signal peptide, a linker domain, and a substrate binding domain were missing. The PhaZd gene was cloned and the gene product was purified from Escherichia coli. The specific activity of PhaZd toward artificial amorphous PHB granules was significantly greater than that of other known intracellular PHB depolymerase or 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) oligomer hydrolases of W. eutropha H16. The enzyme degraded artificial amorphous PHB granules and mainly released various 3-hydroxybutyrate oligomers. PhaZd distributed nearly equally between PHB inclusion bodies and the cytosolic fraction. The amount of PHB was greater in phaZd deletion mutant cells than the wild-type cells under various culture conditions. These results indicate that PhaZd is a novel intracellular PHB depolymerase which participates in the mobilization of PHB in W. eutropha H16 along with other PHB depolymerases.
US regulatory system for genetically modified [genetically modified organism (GMO), rDNA or transgenic] crop cultivars (2007)

This paper reviews the history of the federal regulatory oversight of plant agricultural biotechnology in the USA, focusing on the scientific and political forces moulding the continually evolving regulatory structure in place today. Unlike most other jurisdictions, the USA decided to adapt pre-existing legislation to encompass products of biotechnology. In so doing, it established an overarching committee (Office of Science and Technology Policy) to study and distribute various regulatory responsibilities amongst relevant agencies: the Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency and US Department of Agriculture. This paper reviews the history and procedures of each agency in the execution of its regulatory duties and investigates the advantages and disadvantages of the US regulatory strategy.
Novel Plasmid-Mediated 16S rRNA m <sup>1</sup> A1408 Methyltransferase, NpmA, Found in a Clinically Isolated <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain Resistant to Structurally Diverse Aminoglycosides (2007)

We have isolated a multiple-aminoglycoside-resistant Escherichia coli strain, strain ARS3, and have been the first to identify a novel plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA methyltransferase, NpmA. This new enzyme shared a relatively low level of identity (30%) to the chromosomally encoded 16S rRNA methyltransferase (KamA) of Streptomyces tenjimariensis, an actinomycete aminoglycoside producer. The introduction of a recombinant plasmid carrying npmA could confer on E. coli consistent resistance to both 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamines, such as amikacin and gentamicin, and 4,5-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamines, including neomycin and ribostamycin. The histidine-tagged NpmA elucidated methyltransferase activity against 30S ribosomal subunits but not against 50S subunits and the naked 16S rRNA molecule in vitro. We further confirmed that NpmA is an adenine N-1 methyltransferase specific for the A1408 position at the A site of 16S rRNA. Drug footprinting data indicated that binding of aminoglycosides to the target site was apparently interrupted by methylation at the A1408 position. These observations demonstrate that NpmA is a novel plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA methyltransferase that provides a panaminoglycoside-resistant nature through interference with the binding of aminoglycosides toward the A site of 16S rRNA through N-1 methylation at position A1408.
The Metabolic Response to Moderate Exercise in Diabetic Man Receiving Intravenous and Subcutaneous Insulin (1977)

The responses to moderate exercise of circulating energy fuels and endocrine pancreatic hormones were examined in insulin-dependent diabetics receiving insulin either sc or by continuous iv infusion. Eight subjects received one-third of their usual daily insulin doses sc in the thigh 1 h prior to exercise. Seven subjects exercised during infusion (iv) of insulin at 8–20 mU/min, started 12– 14 h earlier. Exercise was on a bicycle ergometer for 45 min at 50% maximum oxygen consumption. The diabetics receiving sc insulin showed a sharp decline in glycemia from elevated resting levels (227± 16 mg/dl), in contrast to the control subjects whose glycemia did not change. The control subjects insulin (IRI) fell, and glucagon (IRG) remained unchanged. In the sc-insulin diabetics, exercise induced a further rise in IRG from elevated levels (296± 76 pg/ml). Resting lactate, pyruvate and alanine were normal and increased as in controls. Though FFA, glycerol and ketone body levels were normal at rest, FFA failed to rise with exercise as in the controls and glycerol and ketone body increments were smaller. RQ increased and remained elevated, in contrast to the later fall in controls during exercise. These results are consistent with selective insulin deficiency at rest, and increased insulin effect during exercise. This resulted in greater carbohydrate utilization during exercise, but without the normal shift back toward utilization of fat-derived fuels with continuation of exercise. Diabetics receiving insulin by infusion showed no glycemic change with exercise. Exercise caused greater increases in lactate and pyruvate levels (4-fold), although alanine levels increased only during recovery. The significantly elevated resting FFA levels showed a rise which was sustained at higher than control values during recovery; glycerol and ketone body increments also tended to be greater than in controls. Intravenous insulin sustained euglycemia in exercise, obviating the fall in glycemia with sc insulin. The responses of other metabolite levels were abnormal, and consistent with a subtle degree of underinsulinization.
Biosensors for Biogenic Amines: The Present State of Art Mini-Review (2011)

The analysis of biogenic amines in fresh and processed food is of great importance not only for the potential risk these compounds have on human health, but also because these amines can perform as chemical indicators of food quality and enable the assessment of food processing conditions and/or microbial contamination. A good option for a rapid detection of biogenic amines is the application of biosensors, as these devices enable the obtainment of results in a few minutes without pretreatment of the analyzed material. Biosensors for biogenic amines comprise various combinations of different enzymes for selective biorecognition and signal transduction systems and are based on different signal mechanisms. The present review gives a condensed overview of the recent developments and issues in the construction of biosensors for the detection of most common biogenic amines found in food and other protein-containing material.
Ab‐interno erbium (Er):YAG laser sclerostomy with iridotomy in Dutch cross rabbits (1993)

An ab-interno technique using a pigmented rabbit model has been developed that uses a pulsed erbium:YAG laser to create an iridotomy with a sclerostomy through the same corneal incision. Laser energy was delivered with an articulated arm terminating in side-firing (850 or 650 microns OD) or end-firing (850 or 400 microns OD) fiber optic endoprobes, which allowed iridotomies and sclerostomies, respectively, to be created. Initially, sclerostomies (8-10, 8 mJ/300 microseconds pulses) and basal iridotomies (1-3, 4 mJ/200 microseconds pulses) were created with the larger probes. Problems encountered with this technique included corneal decompensation and rapid formation of peripheral anterior synechiae with occlusion of sclerostomies. The smaller endoprobes were then used to create mid-peripheral iridotomies and sclerostomies utilizing the same energy parameters. Sclerostomies created in this manner remained patent in the first postoperative week until the animals were sacrificed to obtain material for histologic study.
Evaluation of Adapted Wheat Cultivars for Tolerance to Pythium Root Rot (2004)

Genetic resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) against Pythium species would be an efficient means of control of this major root fungal pathogen, but so far no source has been identified. In addition, no long-term, sustainable options for controlling Pythium root rot are available; therefore, identifying and then incorporating genetic resistance into wheat cultivars would create an ideal method of control for this disease. The objective of this study was to examine the level of tolerance to Pythium root rot among a diverse set of wheat germ plasm collected from all major wheat production regions in the United States. Pythium debaryanum isolate 90136 and P. ultimum isolate 90038, previously identified as the most virulent Pythium isolates on wheat, were used to infest pasteurized soil, which was seeded with wheat genotypes and placed in a growth chamber maintained at a constant 16°C with a 12-h photoperiod and ambient humidity. Length of the first leaf and plant height measurements were recorded, and roots were digitally scanned to create computer files that were analyzed using WinRhizo software for length and number of tips. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in plant variables were detected among wheat genotypes in the presence of both Pythium species, and a significant (P < 0.0001) correlation between plant stunting and root loss was detected. Based on both shoot and root measurements, Caledonia, Chinese Spring, MN97695, and OR942504 appear to be highly susceptible to Pythium root rot, whereas genotypes KS93U161, OH708, and Sunco were the most tolerant to this disease.
A Tool for Range Sensing and Environment Discovery for the Blind (2005)

This paper describes the development of a hand-held environment discovery tool for the blind. The final device will be composed of a laser-based range sensor and of an onboard processor. As the user swings the hand-held system around, he/she will receive local range information by means of a tactile interface. In addition, the time profile of the range will be analyzed by the onboard processor to detect environmental features that are critical for mobility, such as curbs, steps and drop-offs. In our current implementation, range is collected by a short-baseline triangulation system formed by a point laser and a miniaturized camera, producing readings at frame rate. An Extended Kalman filter is used to track the range data and detect environmental features of interest.
The ALK-2 Inhibitor, TP-0184, Demonstrates High Distribution to the Liver Contributing to Significant Preclinical Efficacy in Mouse Models of Anemia of Chronic Disease (2016)

Abstract In individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis, constitutive signaling through ALK2, a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) receptor family, leads to debilitating anemia, commonly referred to as anemia of chronic disease (ACD). Activation of ALK2, like other members of the BMP receptor family, leads to the phosphorylation and activation of SMAD family transcription factors via signal transduction and subsequent activation of gene expression. Activation of ALK2 in the liver induces the SMAD-driven transcription of the peptide hormone hepcidin which, by promoting the degradation of the iron transporter ferroportin, leads to reduced serum iron levels and subsequent functional anemia. Lowering constitutively elevated hepcidin levels by inhibiting ALK2 kinase activity is a potentially viable therapeutic strategy for ACD. Current therapeutic approaches for ACD rely on transfusions, intravenous iron and the use of erythropoietin-based therapies, none of which address the underlying pathological deficit of functionally low iron levels. TP-0184 is a small-molecule, selective inhibitor of ALK2 kinase activity (IC50 = 5 nM). TP-0184 has demonstrated profound preclinical activity in three mouse efficacy models for ACD. In model 1, TP-0184 reversed hepcidin induction in mice treated with turpentine oil. In model 2, TP-0184 abrogated reductions in hemoglobin and total red blood cell counts induced by intraperitoneal injection with heat-inactivated Brucella abortus. In model 3, TP-0184 reversed elevated hepcidin levels in TC-1 tumor bearing mice. Plasma and liver pharmacokinetics in mice revealed that TP-0184 has a high volume of distribution (Vd = 30.8) and accumulates at high concentrations in the liver (Cmax of 292 mM following a single oral dose of at 20 mg/kg). In rat multi-dose tolerability studies, TP-0184 caused no adverse effects when dosed at 200 mg/kg for 7 days, far exceeding the dose levels required to produce efficacy (25 mg/kg). These data suggest that favorable distribution to the liver may play a significant role in the preclinical efficacy of TP-0184 and provide evidence of a significant therapeutic window. Collectively these studies support the clinical evaluation of TP-0184 as an alternative treatment for ACD. Disclosures Peterson: Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Kim:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Haws:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Whatcott:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Siddiqui-Jain:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Bearss:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Warner:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.
A minimally invasive multifunctional nanoscale system for selective targeting, imaging, and NIR photothermal therapy of malignant tumors (2011)

The anti-EGFR antibody, cetuximab, was labeled with IRDye 800CW fluorescent dye and conjugated to gold nanorods (GNR). GNR with aspect ratio of ~ 4 and plasmon resonance peak at ~785 nm were fabricated for use in these experiments. The IRDye:cetuximab:nanorod conjugate treatment with NIR light selectively heated the GNR and was sufficient to treat cancers. Excitation induced fluorescence of the IRDye 800CW enabling real-time imaging. We characterized and optimized the parameters for the conjugation of the GNR to cetuximab to facilitate active targeting of the nanorods to the site of the tumor. This combination of selective targeting, imaging, and photothermal treating of malignant cells is a viable approach for a variety of squamous cell carcinomas.
(Smart)watch your taps (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of keystroke inference attacks on handheld numeric touchpads by using smartwatch motion sensors as a side-channel. The proposed attack approach employs supervised learning techniques to accurately map the uniqueness in the captured wrist movements to each individual keystroke. Experimental evaluation shows that keystroke inference using smartwatch motion sensors is not only fairly accurate, but also better than similar attacks previously demonstrated using smartphone motion sensors.
Optical design of color light-emitting diode ring light for machine vision inspection (2011)

Uniform irradiance and color adjustability are the key features in the design of lighting for machine vision inspection systems. A simple and practical design tool of angled light-emitting-diode (LED) ring arrays for uniform near-field irradiance has been developed by introducing a simple model to simplify the complexity of nonrotational symmetric irradiance distribution of angled LEDs. The color distribution and color uniformity of the ring array assembled with RGB LEDs are analyzed based on the analytical model of color mixing. According to the theoretical analysis, the simulated results, and the design exemplifications, the practical design tool offers an easy way to estimate the performance of an RGB LED ring array and can be considered as a starting point to reduce the computation time for exact designs that must use a realistic LED model.
A robust parser for spoken language understanding (1999)

In this paper, we describe an HMM-based speech synthesis system in which spectrum, pitch and state duration are modeled simultaneously in a unified framework of HMM. In the system, pitch and state duration are modeled by multi-space probability distribution HMMs and multi-dimensional Gaussian distributions, respectively. The distributions for spectral parameter, pitch parameter and the state duration are clustered independently by using a decision-tree based context clustering technique. Synthetic speech is generated by using an speech parameter generation algorithm from HMM and a mel-cepstrum based vocoding technique. Through informal listening tests, we have confirmed that the proposed system successfully synthesizes natural-sounding speech which resembles the speaker in the training database.
IBM Power Systems built with the POWER8 architecture and processors (2015)

This paper describes architectures and significant implementation features of two systems in the IBM POWER8™ processor-based family of servers. Specifically, the scale-out 2-socket rack server and the enterprise scale-up 16-socket rack server are detailed. The description of these systems highlights the increase in memory bandwidth from previous POWER® systems, the enablement of coherent accelerators, the highly-extensible I/O subsystem, and the high-performance directly attached storage subsystem. In addition, reliability, availability, and serviceability features are described. These systems deliver significant increases in core count, memory, and input/output bandwidth over previous POWER systems—with reliability and availability enhancements commensurate with the performance improvements.
Nitrogen implantation in (100)-β-SiC layers grown on Si substrate (1995)

Molecular N ions (N+2) have been implanted at an incident energy of 30 keV in a heteroepitaxial β-SiC layer grown on a (100)-Si substrate to form an n+ layer in the substrate. Furnace and rapid-thermal annealing are carried out on N-implanted substrates. Crystalline properties of the implanted layers have been characterized by Rutherford backscattering measurements and transmission electron microscope observations. An anodic oxide growth and removal technique has been developed, by which a very thin SiC layer can be reproducibly stripped from the substrate. Carrier-concentration and mobility profiles for n-type layers formed under various implant and annealing conditions have been investigated by differential Hall measurements combined with the layer stripping process. Rutherford backscattering data indicate that heating of substrate during implantation is important to reduce the amount of defects existing in the substrate after annealing. It has been revealed that rapid thermal annealing is useful for achieving high electrical activation of implanted N atoms. A very shallow (&lt;100 nm) n+ layer with a maximum carrier concentration of around 1×1020/cm3 can be formed in the SiC layer by N implantation at 400 °C and by subsequent rapid thermal annealing at 1100 °C for 10 s. This highly doped layer is applicable to an emitter in a SiC/Si heterobipolar transistor. It has been also shown that implantation with a very high dose, e.g., 1.2×1016/cm2, gives rise to the formation of Si3N4 in the substrate after annealing, suppressing electrical activation of implanted atoms.
End-user Tools for Application Performance Analysis Using Hardware Counters (2001)

One purpose of the end-user tools described in this paper is to give users a graphical representation of performance information that has been gathered by instrumenting an application with the PAPI library. PAPI is a project that specifies a standard API for accessing hardware performance counters available on most modern microprocessors. These counters exist as a small set of registers that count &amp;quot;events&amp;quot;, which are occurrences of specific signals and states related to a processor’s function. Monitoring these events facilitates correlation between the structure of source/object code and the efficiency of the mapping of that code to the underlying architecture. The perfometer tool developed by the PAPI project provides a graphical view of this information, allowing users to quickly see where performance bottlenecks are in their application. Only one function call has to be added by the user to their program to take advantage of perfometer. This makes it quick and simple to add and remove instrumentation from a program. Also, perfometer allows users to change the &amp;quot;event&amp;quot; they are monitoring. Add the ability to monitor parallel applications, set alarms and a Java front-end that can run anywhere, and this gives the user a powerful tool for quickly discovering where and why a bottleneck exists. A number of third-party tools for analyzing performance of message-passing and/or threaded programs have also incorporated support for PAPI so as to be able to display and analyze hardware counter data from their interfaces.
Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology: COX-2 inhibitors (2000)

There are two cyclo-oxygenase enzymes: COX-1 regulates physiological function in the gut and kidney, while COX-2 is induced in inflammation and repair.
Novel Liquid Crystalline Four Ring Chain Difluoromethyleneoxy Compounds for Quicker Response LC Mixtures (2009)

A series of chemically stable novel liquid crystalline four ring chain compounds (1a–1c) having a difluoromethyleneoxy (CF2O) linkage moiety have been designed and prepared, and their properties have been thoroughly investigated. The novel compounds intrinsically possess much higher positive Δϵ (>32) and Δn (>0.190), relatively low viscosity, wider nematic phase temperature ranges and significantly higher clearing temperatures in comparison to the analogous three ring chain CF2O compound (2) that is currently applied in almost all the latest TN-TFT monitors, notebook PCs and IPS-TVs.