gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of metalloid on magnetostriction of Fe-B-C and Fe-B-Si amorphous alloys (1979)

The saturation magnetostriction has been measured at room temperature for the amorphous alloy series Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</inf> (B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-y</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</inf> with 0.5 < y < 1 and Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</inf> (B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-y</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</inf> with 0.4 < y < 1. The magnetostriction is independent of y for the Fe-B-C alloys and shows a slight increase with y for the Fe-B-Si series of alloys. The magnetostriction of the Fe-B-C series of alloys follows the assumption that the saturation moment controls the magnetostriction whereas this assumption applied to the Fe-B-Si series would predict a 20-percent decrease in magnetostriction rather than the small increase observed.
Ethnic variation in CYP2A6 and association of genetically slow nicotine metabolism and smoking in adult Caucasians (2004)

Genetically variable CYP2A6 is the primary enzyme that inactivates nicotine to cotinine. Our objective was to investigate allele frequencies among five ethnic groups and to investigate the relationship between genetically slow nicotine metabolic inactivation and smoking status, cigarette consumption, age of first smoking and duration of smoking. Chinese, Japanese, Canadian Native Indian, African-North American and Caucasian DNA samples were assessed for CYP2A6 allelic frequencies (CYP2A6*1B-*12,*1x2). Adult Caucasian non-smokers (n = 224) (1-99 cigarettes/lifetime) and smokers (n = 375) (> or = 100 cigarettes/lifetime) were assessed for demographics, tobacco/drug use history and DSM-IV dependence and genotyped for CYP2A6 alleles associated with decreased nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*9, CYP2A6*12). CYP2A6 allele frequencies varied substantially among the ethnic groups. The proportion of Caucasian slow nicotine inactivators was significantly lower in current, DSM-IV dependent smokers compared to non-smokers [7.0% and 12.5%, respectively, P = 0.03, odds ratio (OR) = 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.95]; non-dependent smokers showed similar results. Daily cigarette consumption (cigarettes/day) was significantly (P = 0.003) lower for slow (21.3; 95% CI 17.4-25.2) compared to normal inactivators (28.2; 95% CI 26.4-29.9); this was observed only in DSM-IV dependent smokers. Slow inactivators had a significantly (P = 0.03) lower age of first smoking compared to normal inactivators (13.0 years of age; 95% CI 12.1-14.0 versus 14.2; 95% CI 13.8-14.6), and a trend towards smoking for a shorter duration. This study demonstrates that slow nicotine inactivators are less likely to be adult smokers (dependent or non-dependent). Slow inactivators also smoked fewer cigarettes per day and had an earlier age of first smoking (only dependent smokers).
Hybrid laser microfabrication of three-dimensional large-scale fused silica microfluidic chips (2023)

Ultrafast laser-assisted etching provides a simple and flexible method for the bonding-free manufacture of glass-based microchannels with three-dimensional (3D) configurations and multiple functionalities. However, when the lengths of the required microchannels reach several centimeters, this method often suffers from manufacturing controllability due to the limitation of etching selectivity. Herein, we demonstrate our progress in 3D manufacturing large-scale fused silica microfluidic chips based on a hybrid laser microfabrication approach, which combines the merits of ultrafast laserassisted etching and carbon dioxide laser-induced melting. In this approach, extra-access ports are introduced to enhance the homogeneity of laser-fabricated 3D microchannels and subsequently sealed using defocusing carbon dioxide laser irradiation to form all-glass closed microchannels with few inlets and outlets. Moreover, we introduce some important applications of fabricated microfluidic chips.
Hydrolytically stable fluorocarbon ether bibenzoxazole polymers (1981)

Abstract Hydrolytically and thermooxidatively stable fluorocarbon ether bibenzoxazole (FEB) polymers were synthesized by the acetic acid‐promoted polycondensation of fluorocarbon ether bis( o ‐aminophenol) monomers with novel fluorocarbon ether dithioimidate ester monomers. The dithioimidate esters were derived from hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) or, preferably, from a combination of HFPO and tetrafluoroethylene oxide (TFEO). The latter class of TFEO:HFPO‐derived dithioimidate esters imparted improved hydrolytic stability to the resultant FEB polymers while minimizing undesirable, concomitant increases in polymer glass transition temperatures. The polymers exhibited inherent viscosities in the range of 0.20 to 0.41 dl/g. Polymer structures were verified by elemental and infrared (IR) spectral analyses. Lower glass transition temperatures were obtained with increased fluorocarbon ether content, a minimum value of −48°C being achieved. High thermooxidative stability of the HFPO‐ and TFEO:HFPO‐based FEB polymers was substantiated by thermogravimetric analysis and isothermal aging studies in air. After isothermal aging in air for 200 hr at 288 and 260°C, representative polymers exhibited weight losses of 17 and 7%, respectively. Hydrolytic stability of the polymers was evaluated by exposure to a 95% relative humidity, 93°C environment for prolonged periods of time. Based on comparative glass transition temperature, inherent viscosity, and IR spectral data, the HFPO‐ and TFEO:HFPO‐based FEB polymers exhibited vastly improved hydrolytic stability over analogous TFEO‐based FEB polymers. Optimum hydrolytic stability and low‐temperature viscoelastic properties were achieved by the use of a TFEO:HFPO‐derived dithioimidate ester that did not contain structural isomers that would lead to sites of hydrolytic instability in the polymer backbone.
Three-dimensional projection integral imaging using micro-convex-mirror arrays (2004)

Three-dimensional projection integral imaging using micro-convex-mirror arrays is presented. In this scheme, a pseudoscopic to orthoscopic image conversion process is not required even if elemental images of direct camera pickup are used. In addition, a wide viewing angle without image flipping can be achieved even if optical barriers are not used. The feasibility of the proposed scheme was experimentally demonstrated, in which the viewing angle of more than 60 degrees was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest viewing angle demonstrated by a single integral imaging system.
A New Rupture Prediction Model for Corroded Pipelines Under Combined Loadings (1998)

It is commonly believed that bending and other secondary loading will reduce the rupture pressure of a corroded pipe. This paper shows through theory, full-scale tests and finite element analysis (FEA) that this need not be the case in the field where displacement controlled bending and axial loading are induced by differential settlement and axial constraint. Based on this result, a new strain-based rupture prediction model is developed for buried corroded pipes subjected to internal pressure, lateral bending, thermal loading and residual stress. The selection of an appropriate “bulging factor,” the determination of a biaxial strain limit and the treatment of the heat affected zone (HAZ) are also discussed in the paper. The predicted rupture pressures agree well with the full-scale test results.
Development of Purine-Scaffold Small Molecule Inhibitors of Hsp90 (2003)

The Hsp90 chaperones play a key role in regulating the physiology of cells exposed to environmental stress and in maintaining the malignant phenotype in tumor cells. Agents that interfere with the function of the chaperone may thus be beneficial in the treatment of cancers. The ansamycins (geldanamycin and herbimycin) and the unrelated natural product radicicol were found to bind to the N-terminal pocket of Hsp90 and inhibit its function. However, translation of these compounds to the clinic was impeded by stability and hepatoxicity issues. 17AAG, a derivative of geldanamycin, was found to be less hepatotoxic and is currently undergoing Phase I clinical trial. Unfortunately, 17AAG is insoluble, difficult to formulate and it is not yet clear if therapeutically effective doses can be administered without escalating non-Hsp90 associated toxicities. Additionally, for reasons not yet completely understood, a subset of tumor cells are insensitive to the action of the drug. The development of novel agents that lack the drawbacks of the natural products is thus necessary. Here we present an overview of such efforts with focus on a new class of purine-scaffold Hsp90 inhibitors developed by rational design.
Comparison of various detection methods for periodontopathic bacteria: can culture be considered the primary reference standard? (1992)

The development of diagnostic tests for a periodontal infection raises the issue as to what the appropriate reference standard, or "gold standard," should be for the evaluation of a new test. The present research was initiated to compare the ability of several detection methods, i.e., a serial dilution anaerobic culture and/or microscopic procedure, a DNA probe procedure, and immunological reagents using both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque samples taken from 204 periodontally diseased tooth sites. The prevalence of the four monitored species varied as a function of both the species and the detection method. Spirochetes were present in 99% of the plaques, whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected at the lowest frequency. The culture method yielded the lowest prevalence values for the three cultivable species. This raised the question as to which results, those obtained by culture or those obtained by the DNA probes and the immunological reagents, were the most reliable. This issue was addressed by looking at the prevalence profile of the monitored organisms, as determined by all the detection methods. If the species was detected by three or four of the detection methods, then it was considered present, whereas if it was absent by three or four of the detection methods, then it was considered absent. This approach showed the DNA probes and immunological reagents to be significantly superior (P less than 0.05) to the culture approach for the detection of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and B. forsythus and to be comparable to the microscopic approach in the detection of T. denticola.
A New Computer-Aided Diagnostic (Cad) System For Precise Identification Of Renal Tumors (2021)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common and aggressive renal cancer. Hence, early identification of RCC is essential to provide the proper management plan. In this paper, we develop a novel computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system that integrates texture and functional features, extracted from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT), to differentiate benign from malignant RCC renal tumors and identify malignancy sub-types. Our study includes renal tumors obtained from 105 biopsy-proven cases of which 70 were diagnosed as malignant tumors (clear cell RCC (ccRCC) =40 and non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC) =30) and 35 were diagnosed as benign tumors (angiomyolipoma (AML) =35). The proposed CAD system mainly consists of three steps: (i) preprocessing of grey images to obtain 3D segmented renal tumor objects; (ii) extracting different discriminating features (texture and functional) from segmented objects; and (iii) performing a two-stage classification process using different machine learning classifiers to obtain the final diagnosis of the renal tumor. In the first stage, the classification performance of the proposed CAD system was evaluated using the individual features along with a random forest machine learning classifier. Then, a weighted majority voting criteria was applied on the output class-membership to determine if the renal tumor is benign (AML) or malignant (RCC). In case of the latter, the second stage defines the sub-type of malignant tumor as ccRCC vs. nccRCC. Using a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach, the developed CAD system achieved 96.0% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and 0.97 F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> score in the first classification stage and achieved 71.4% accuracy and 0.75 F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> score in the second classification stage, respectively. These obtained results suggests that integrating first and second order texture features with functional features enhances the diagnostic performance of the developed CAD system making the developed a reliable noninvasive diagnostic tool for renal tumors.
Robust single-image super-resolution using cross-scale self-similarity (2014)

We present a noise-aware single-image super-resolution (SI-SR) algorithm, which automatically cancels additive noise while adding detail learned from lower-resolution scales. In contrast with most SI-SR techniques, we do not assume the input image to be a clean source of examples. Instead, we adapt the recent and efficient in-place cross-scale self-similarity prior for both learning fine detail examples and reducing image noise. Our experiments show a promising performance, despite the relatively simple algorithm. Both objective evaluations and subjective validations show clear quality improvements when upscaling noisy images.
A three-dimensional acoustic infinite element based on a prolate spheroidal multipole expansion (1994)

This paper describes a new three-dimensional (3-D) time-harmonic acoustic infinite element for modeling acoustic fields in exterior domains, typically surrounding a structure. This ‘‘prolate spheroidal infinite element’’ is based on a new multipole expansion that is the exact solution for arbitrary scattered and/or radiated fields exterior to a prolate spheroid of any eccentricity. A combination of both prolate and oblate spheroidal infinite elements (the latter to be published separately) provides a capability for very efficiently modeling acoustic fields surrounding structures of virtually any practical shape. This new prolate element has symmetric matrices that are as cheap to generate as for 2-D elements because only 2-D integrals need to be numerically evaluated. The prolate element (along with a symmetric-matrix fluid–structure coupling element, also to be published separately) fits naturally into purely structural finite element codes, thereby providing a structural acoustics capability. For the class of coupled structural acoustic problems studied so far, this approach is two to three orders of magnitude faster, for the same accuracy, than the boundary element method (BEM), which is based on the surface Helmholtz integral equation. Experience with developing and using both BEM and infinite-element codes has revealed that the severe computational inefficiency of the BEM limits practical 3-D structural acoustic problems to low frequencies and simple structures, whereas this new infinite-element approach can handle the full range of frequencies and structural complexities that are encountered in purely structural analyses, at little additional cost.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Truncated Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Aminoglycoside 6‘-<i>N</i>-Acetyltransferases (2006)

Truncated aminoglycoside-coenzyme A bisubstrate analogues were efficiently prepared using a convergent approach where the amine and the thiol are coupled in one pot with the addition of a linker, without the need for protecting groups. These derivatives were tested for their effect on the activity of the resistance-causing enzyme aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase Ii, and key structure-activity relationships are reported. Moreover, one of the inhibitors is able to block aminoglycoside resistance in cells expressing this enzyme.
The lectin from Bauhinia purpurea: Effect of modification of lysine residues on conformation and biological properties (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe lectin from Bauhinia purpurea: Effect of modification of lysine residues on conformation and biological propertiesNandha Kumar. Balasubramaniam, David E. Timm, Kenneth E. Neet, and A. Gururaj. RaoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 11, 1844–1850Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00035a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antisense Oligonucleotides for Central Nervous System Tumors (1996)

The poor prognosis associated with malignant primary brain tumors has led investigators to seek and develop new, innovative treatment modalities. Current adjuvant therapies lack tumor specificity, which can lead to toxic central nervous system side effects. Advances in molecular biology now allow specific gene sequences to be inserted or targeted in the malignant cell genome. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides represent complementary nucleic acid sequences that can recognize and bind to target genes, resulting in the arrest of deoxyribonucleic acid transcription or the translation of messenger ribonucleic acid. Although the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides is still in the experimental stages, these molecules enter cells in tissue culture by simple diffusion or active endocytosis and temporarily inhibit cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The ability of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to recognize specific gene sequences and to down-regulate gene expression make them ideal agents for use in targeting oncogenes, such as c-myb, that are expressed in central nervous system neoplasms.
Caveolins: targeting pro-survival signaling in the heart and brain (2012)

The present review discusses intracellular signaling moieties specific to membrane lipid rafts (MLRs) and the scaffolding proteins caveolin and introduces current data promoting their potential role in the treatment of pathologies of the heart and brain. MLRs are discreet microdomains of the plasma membrane enriched in gylcosphingolipids and cholesterol that concentrate and localize signaling molecules. Caveolin proteins are necessary for the formation of MLRs, and are responsible for coordinating signaling events by scaffolding and enriching numerous signaling moieties in close proximity. Specifically in the heart and brain, caveolins are necessary for the cytoprotective phenomenon termed ischemic and anesthetic preconditioning. Targeted overexpression of caveolin in the heart and brain leads to induction of multiple pro-survival and pro-growth signaling pathways; thus, caveolins represent a potential novel therapeutic target for cardiac and neurological pathologies.
2,4,6-Trisubstituted Triazines as Protein A Mimetics for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases (2010)

A first-in-class series of low molecular weight trisubstituted triazines were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to mimic protein A binding to human IgG antibody. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) demonstrates that the 1,3-phenylenediamine component was essential for robust activity. Twenty-two compounds, represented by lead molecule 34, displayed significant activity compared to protein A. These compounds may prove useful for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
Application of a wavelet-based signal analysis for evaluating the tool state in cutting operations (2002)

Manufacturing within a flexible production environment rises high demands on a sensor based monitoring of process and tool state. Frequently changing machining conditions in one-off and small batch size production require intelligent and flexible process monitoring systems. Signal analysis and disturbance identification strategies must be able to reliably separate signal pattern caused by the occurrence of tool wear from signal variations in the regular cutting process. Finish milling of sculptured surfaces is characterised by permanently changing engagement conditions between the ball end milling tool and the workpiece surface. The paper describes developments for tool wear monitoring in this complex machining process. The combination of the wavelet based signal parameters and an engagement dependent monitoring strategy allows a reliable determination of the tool state.
Phase and absorption retrieval using incoherent X-ray sources (2012)

X-ray phase contrast imaging has overcome the limitations of X-ray absorption imaging in many fields. Particular effort has been directed towards developing phase retrieval methods: These reveal quantitative information about a sample, which is a requirement for performing X-ray phase tomography, allows material identification and better distinction between tissue types, etc. Phase retrieval seems impossible with conventional X-ray sources due to their low spatial coherence. In the only previous example where conventional sources have been used, collimators were employed to produce spatially coherent secondary sources. We present a truly incoherent phase retrieval method, which removes the spatial coherence constraints and employs a conventional source without aperturing, collimation, or filtering. This is possible because our technique, based on the pixel edge illumination principle, is neither interferometric nor crystal based. Beams created by an X-ray mask to image the sample are smeared due to the incoherence of the source, yet we show that their displacements can still be measured accurately, obtaining strong phase contrast. Quantitative information is extracted from only two images rather than a sequence as required by several coherent methods. Our technique makes quantitative phase imaging and phase tomography possible in applications where exposure time and radiation dose are critical. The technique employs masks which are currently commercially available with linear dimensions in the tens of centimeters thus allowing for a large field of view. The technique works at high photon energy and thus promises to deliver much safer quantitative phase imaging and phase tomography in the future.