gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STAMP: Ad hoc spatial-temporal provenance assurance for mobile users (2013)

Location-based services are quickly becoming immensely popular. In addition to services based on users' current location, many potential services rely on users' location history, or their spatial-temporal provenance. Malicious users may lie about their spatial-temporal provenance without a carefully designed security system for users to prove their past locations. In this paper, we present the Spatial-Temporal provenance Assurance with Mutual Proofs (STAMP) scheme. In contrast to most existing location proof systems which rely on infrastructure like wireless APs, STAMP is based on co-located mobile devices mutually generating location proofs for each other. This makes STAMP desirable for a wider range of applications. STAMP ensures the integrity and non-transferability of the location proofs and protects users' privacy. We also examine different collusion scenarios and propose a light-weight entropy-based trust evaluation approach to detect fake proofs resulting from collusion attacks. Our prototype implementation on the Android platform shows that STAMP is low-cost in terms of computational and storage resources. Extensive simulation experiments show that our entropy-based trust model is able to achieve high (> 0.9) collusion detection accuracy.
Automatic stylistic manga layout (2012)

Manga layout is a core component in manga production, characterized by its unique styles. However, stylistic manga layouts are difficult for novices to produce as it requires hands-on experience and domain knowledge. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically generate a stylistic manga layout from a set of input artworks with user-specified semantics, thus allowing less-experienced users to create high-quality manga layouts with minimal efforts. We first introduce three parametric style models that encode the unique stylistic aspects of manga layouts, including layout structure, panel importance, and panel shape. Next, we propose a two-stage approach to generate a manga layout: 1) an initial layout is created that best fits the input artworks and layout structure model, according to a generative probabilistic framework; 2) the layout and artwork geometries are jointly refined using an efficient optimization procedure, resulting in a professional-looking manga layout. Through a user study, we demonstrate that our approach enables novice users to easily and quickly produce higher-quality layouts that exhibit realistic manga styles, when compared to a commercially-available manual layout tool.
Image registration, color correction, and change detection based on value of difference in sequential ocular fundus images (2006)

The purpose of this study is to assist ophthalmologic screening in health checks. A decision process for detecting progressive change is proposed in which normal cases are rejected on the basis of comparison between the ocular fundus image to be examined and the normal ocular fundus image of the same subject. Ocular fundus images contain large individual differences, but there is no progressive change in the normal condition. A large change in the image is observed only when there is a pathological change, such as white spots or hemorrhage. Consequently, an automatic screening procedure is considered in which an ocular fundus image diagnosed as normal is prepared for each individual, and images are judged to be normal when no progressive change is indicated by the difference between images. Specifically, an algorithm which consists of the following procedures is created. Image registration is applied, considering the ocular fundus shape of the individual. Color correction is applied to correct the brightness and color difference due to imaging conditions. The images are compared and the difference between the images is calculated and the presence or absence of progressive changes is decided. The algorithm was evaluated by using real ocular fundus images, and a rejection rate of 78% for normal cases was obtained. Thus, it is possible to assist screening by providing a pathological index. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(11): 100–112, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10170
Thermopower measurements in molecular junctions (2016)

The measurement of thermopower in molecular junctions offers complementary information to conductance measurements and is becoming essential for the understanding of transport processes at the nanoscale. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the study of the thermoelectric properties of molecular junctions. After presenting the theoretical background for thermoelectricity at the nanoscale, we review the experimental techniques for measuring the thermopower in these systems and discuss the main results. Finally, we consider the challenges in the application of molecular junctions in viable thermoelectric devices.
The requirement of Ras and Rap1 for the activation of ERKs by cAMP, PACAP, and KCl in cerebellar granule cells (2006)

In cerebellar granule cells, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade mediates multiple functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In these cells, ERKs are activated by diverse stimuli, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating protein (PACAP), depolarization induced by elevated extracellular potassium (KCl), and the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Extensive studies in neuronal cell lines have implicated the small G proteins Ras and Rap1 in the activation of ERKs by cAMP, PACAP, and KCl. However, the requirement of Ras and Rap1 in these pathways in cerebellar granule cells has not been addressed. In this study, we utilize multiple biochemical assays to determine the mechanisms of action and requirement of Ras and Rap1 in cultured cerebellar granule cells. We show that both Ras and Rap1 can be activated by cAMP or PACAP via protein kinase (PKA)-dependent mechanisms. KCl activation of Ras also required PKA. Using both adenoviral and transgenic approaches, we show that Ras plays a major role in ERK activation by cAMP, PACAP, and KCl, while Rap1 also mediates activation of a selective membrane-associated pool of ERKs. Furthermore, Rap1, but not Ras, activation by PKA appears to require the action of Src family kinases.
Automatic indexing of broadcast content using its live chat on the Web (2005)

A method of automatically indexing broadcast content using live chat on the Web is proposed. The live chat is a Web bulletin board where the viewers post messages in sync with a TV program. Statistical analysis and pattern recognition of these messages can effectively extract metadata related to viewer's viewpoints such as important scenes in the program or responses by a particular viewer. Preliminary experiments indicate that the proposed method can efficiently extract metadata such as the intensity of viewers' responses and degree of emotional delight or depression. They also indicate that a prototype TV viewing system using the extracted metadata enables a new way of viewing TV content from different perspectives reflecting viewers' viewpoints.
Universal, In Situ Transformation of Bulky Compounds into Nanoscale Catalysts by High-Temperature Pulse (2017)

The synthesis of nanoscale metal compound catalysts has attracted much research attention in the past decade. The challenges of preparation of the metal compound include the complexity of the synthesis process and difficulty of precise control of the reaction conditions. Herein, we report an in situ synthesis of nanoparticles via a high-temperature pulse method where the bulk material acts as the precursor. During the process of rapid heating and cooling, swift melting, anchoring, and recrystallization occur, resulting in the generation of high-purity nanoparticles. In our work, the cobalt boride (Co<sub>2</sub>B) nanoparticles with a diameter of 10-20 nm uniformly anchored on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets were successfully prepared using the high temperature pulse method. The as-prepared Co<sub>2</sub>B/rGO composite displayed remarkable electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We also prepared molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) and cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles, thereby demonstrating that the high-temperature pulse is a universal method to synthesize ultrafine metal compound nanoparticles.
Real-Time Patient and Staff Radiation Dose Monitoring in IR Practice (2016)

Real-time dose monitoring was able to identify the types of interventions with either an absolute or relatively high staff dose, and may allow for specific optimization of radiation protection.
The global HIV vaccine enterprise. (2005)

AIDS, which twenty-five years ago no one even knew it existed, has become the most serious infectious disease worldwide. The development of an HIV vaccine is one of the most difficult challenges that modern biomedical science is confronting. To address this challenge, scientists may need to organize themselves in a more intense, targeted, and collaborative effort, such as the one proposed by the Global HIV/AIDS Vaccine Enterprise. The enterprise concept proposes to complement the creativity of individual investigators with a collaborative system that ensures a more effective use of human and financial resources to produce new scientific knowledge. It also implies that the scientific knowledge can be harnessed in a targeted way to develop practical solutions to urgent global health problems, including explicit product development activities. Different modalities of the enterprise concept are being explored for the development of drugs to treat tuberculosis and vaccines to prevent malaria.
Prostaglandin E2 Induced Functional Expression of Early Growth Response Factor-1 by EP4, but Not EP2, Prostanoid Receptors via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases (2003)

Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) mediates its physiological effects by interactions with a subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors known as EP receptors. These receptors consist of four primary subtypes named EP(1), EP(2), EP(3), and EP(4). The EP(2) and EP(4) subtypes are known to couple to Galpha(s) and stimulate intracellular cyclic 3,5- adenosine monophosphate formation, whereas the EP(1) and EP(3) receptors are known to couple to Galpha(q) and Galpha(i), respectively. Recently we found that EP(2) and EP(4) receptors can activate T-cell factor signaling; however, EP(2) receptors did this primarily through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent pathway, whereas EP(4) receptors primarily utilized a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent pathway (Fujino, H., West, K. A., and Regan, J. W. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 2614-2619). We now report that PGE(2) stimulation of EP(4) receptors, but not EP(2) receptors, leads to phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) through a PI3K-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, this activation of PI3K/ERK signaling by the EP(4) receptors induces the functional expression of early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1). Under the same conditions induction of EGR-1 protein expression was not observed following PGE(2) stimulation of EP(2) receptors. These findings point to important differences in the signaling potential of the EP(2) and EP(4) receptors, which could be significant with respect to the potential involvement of EP(4) receptors in inflammation and cancer.
The Human Immunopeptidome Project, a Suggestion for yet another Postgenome Next Big Thing (2011)

The time is ripe for staging the Human Immunopeptidome Project, whose goal is to analyze the full repertoires of peptides bound to the HLA molecules, in both health and disease. Mass spectrometry technologies have matured to enable comprehensive analyses of both the membrane-bound and the plasma soluble immunopeptidomes associated with each of the HLA allomorphs and the different diseases. The expected outcomes of such project will include basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved with formation of immunopeptidomes, correlating them with their source cellular proteomes, definition of both the consensus motifs and the scope of each allomorphs-specific immunopeptidomes, and most importantly, identification of disease-related HLA peptides, which may eventually serve as biomarkers or immunotherapeutics. Ideally, the Human Immunopeptidome Project will become public and the gathered data will be shared, as soon as possible. Other immunopeptidome projects, of other animals, will follow suit.
安吉丽娜·朱莉：特立独行的好莱坞女王 (2015)

朱莉曾这样评价自己：“如果说我对黑暗的东西想得比别人更多，那可能是因为我比谁都热爱生活。”成长于单亲家庭的她曾经叛逆堕落，有过自我放逐的痛苦青春；在银幕上大放异彩的她曾经个性阴沉、古怪，甚至给世人留下了“坏女人”的印象；而如今的她变得沉稳、平静、自信，敢于突破自我，开始了新的职业生涯——导演，也成为一名杰出的人道主义工作者，为世界难民与女性的权益付出巨大的心血。作为一代性感女神，她还与好莱坞最著名的性感男人组建了独特的幸福家庭。她以特立独行的方式让自己的生命完美绽放，让世人为之感到震撼。
A three‐dimensional crustal seismic velocity model for southern California from a composite event method (2007)

We present a new crustal seismic velocity model for southern California derived from P and S arrival times from local earthquakes and explosions. To reduce the volume of data and ensure a more uniform source distribution, we compute “composite event” picks for 2597 distributed master events that include pick information for other events within spheres of 2 km radius. The approach reduces random picking error and maximizes the number of S wave picks. To constrain absolute event locations and shallow velocity structure, we also use times from controlled sources, including both refraction shots and quarries. We implement the SIMULPS tomography algorithm to obtain three‐dimensional (3‐D) V p and V p / V s structure and hypocenter locations of the composite events. Our new velocity model in general agrees with previous studies, resolving low‐velocity features at shallow depths in the basins and some high‐velocity features in the midcrust. Using our velocity model and 3‐D ray tracing, we relocate about 450,000 earthquakes from 1981 to 2005. We observe a weak correlation between seismic velocities and earthquake occurrence, with shallow earthquakes mostly occurring in high P velocity regions and midcrustal earthquakes occurring in low P velocity regions. In addition, most seismicity occurs in regions with relatively low V p / V s ratios, although aftershock sequences following large earthquakes are often an exception to this pattern.
Coalition's climate policy betrays future generations (2015)

The Abbott government continues to oppose any initiative that might threaten industries based on coal, gas or other fossil fuels. But other conservative regimes are doing just the opposite. Renewable energy sources currently comprise approximately 20 percent of Britain's power output; wind farms alone producing eight percent.
Optimization of the Extraction of Antioxidants from <i>Dunaliella salina</i> Microalga by Pressurized Liquids (2006)

In this work, extraction of antioxidant compounds from Dunaliella salina microalga is optimized by combining pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and experimental design (three-level factorial design) with three different solvents (hexane, ethanol, and water). Two main factors were considered, the extraction temperature (40, 100, and 160 degrees C) and the extraction time (5, 17.5, and 30 min). As response variables, the extraction yield (percent dry weight/initial weight) and the antioxidant activity of the extracts (determined using the TEAC method) were used. The parameters of the model were estimated by multiple linear regression. Results showed that the extraction temperature was the factor having the strongest influence (positive) on the two response variables. The best yields were obtained with ethanol at the higher extraction temperature and time tested. Besides, although hexane extracts provided the best antioxidant activity, ethanol extracts were also very active. The chemical characterization of ethanol extracts was carried out using HPLC-DAD, and attempts have been made to correlate their chemical composition with the antioxidant activity measured. Results pointed out that the extracts contained, besides all-trans-beta-carotene and isomers, several different minor carotenoids that seemed to make a contribution to the antioxidant activity of the extracts.
Morphologic Basis for a Pore-Pathway in Mammalian Stratum Corneum (1997)

Although prior morphologic studies have shown that both polar and nonpolar materials permeate across the stratum corneum (SC) via a paracellular route, the actual pathway through these heterogeneous domains is unknown. We applied hydrophilic and hydrophobic tracers in vivo to murine skin under basal conditions and/or after permeation enhancement with occlusion, vehicle enhancers, a lipid synthesis inhibitor, sonophoresis, and iontophoresis. Ruthenium tetroxide, ruthenium red plus osmium tetroxide, in situ precipitation with osmium vapor, and microwave postfixation methods were used to visualize penetration pathways. Tracers invariably localized to discrete lacunar domains embedded within the extracellular lamellar membrane system, regardless of their polarity or the enhancement method. Moreover, while the lacunar domains remained discontinuous under basal conditions, they appeared to gain structural continuity with permeation enhancement. These results indicate that extracellular lacunar domains comprise a pore pathway for penetration of polar and nonpolar molecules across the SC.
Creating realistic BGP models (2004)

Modeling the Internet infrastructure is a challenging endeavor. Complex interactions between protocols, increasing traffic volumes and the irregular structure of the Internet lead to demanding requirements for the simulation developer. These requirements include implementation detail, memory efficiency and scalability, among others. We introduce a simulation model of the Border Gateway Protocol that we call BGP++, which is built on the popular ns-2 simulation environment. A novel development approach is presented that incorporates the public domain routing software GNU Zebra in the simulator. Most of the original software functionality is retained, while the transition to the simulation environment required a manageable amount of effort. Moreover, the discussed design inherits much of the maturity of the original software, since the later is only minimally modified. We analyze BGP++ features and highlight its potential to provide significant aid in BGP research and modeling.
Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Detection of Atherosclerosis and Inflammation in Murine Aorta (2012)

Murine intra-aortic OCT is feasible and shows excellent correlation with histology for detection of atherosclerotic plaque and macrophages.
A Comparison of Ethanol and Butanol as Oxygenates Using a Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine (2009)

This study was designed to evaluate a “what if” scenario in terms of using butanol as an oxygenate in place of ethanol in an engine calibrated for gasoline operation. No changes to the stock engine calibration were performed for this study. Combustion analysis, efficiency, and emissions of pure gasoline, 10% ethanol, and 10% butanol blends in a modern direct-injection four-cylinder spark-ignition engine were analyzed. Data were taken at engine speeds of 1000 rpm up to 4000 rpm with load varying from 0 N m (idle) to 150 N m. Relatively minor differences existed between the three fuels for the combustion characteristics such as heat release rate, 50% mass fraction burned, and coefficient of variation in indicated mean effective pressure at low and medium engine loads. However at high engine loads the reduced knock resistance of the butanol blend forced the engine control unit to retard the ignition timing substantially, compared with the gasoline baseline and, even more pronounced, compared with the ethanol blend. Brake specific volumetric fuel consumption, which represented a normalized volumetric fuel flow rate, was lowest for the gasoline baseline fuel due to the higher energy density. The 10% butanol blend had a lower volumetric fuel consumption compared with the ethanol blend, as expected, based on energy density differences. The results showed little difference in regulated emissions between 10% ethanol and 10% butanol. The ethanol blend produced the highest peak specific NOx due to the high octane rating of ethanol and effective antiknock characteristics. Overall, the ability of butanol to perform equally as well as ethanol from an emissions and combustion standpoint, with a decrease in fuel consumption, initially appears promising. Further experiments are planned to explore the full operating range of the engine and the potential benefits of higher blend ratios of butanol.
Robustness of planar Fourier capture arrays to colour changes and lost pixels (2012)

ABSTRACT: Planar Fourier capture arrays (PFCAs) are optical sensors built entirely in standard mi-crochip manufacturing flows. PFCAs are composed of ensembles of angle sensitive pixels (ASPs) that each report a single coefficient of the Fourier transform of the far-away scene. Here we charac-terize the performance of PFCAs under the following three non-optimal conditions. First, we show that PFCAs can operate while sensing light of a wavelength other than the design point. Second, if only a randomly-selected subset of 10 % of the ASPs are functional, we can nonetheless reconstruct the entire far-away scene using compressed sensing. Third, if the wavelength of the imaged light is unknown, it can be inferred by demanding self-consistency of the outputs.
Metabolic Control of Microvascular Networks: Oxygen Sensing and Beyond (2014)

The metabolic regulation of blood flow is central to guaranteeing an adequate supply of blood to the tissues and microvascular network stability. It is assumed that vascular reactions to local oxygenation match blood supply to tissue demand via negative-feedback regulation. Low oxygen (O2) levels evoke vasodilatation, and thus an increase of blood flow and oxygen supply, by increasing (decreasing) the release of vasodilatory (vasoconstricting) metabolic signal substances with decreasing partial pressure of O2. This review analyses the principles of metabolic vascular control with a focus on the prevailing feedback regulations. We propose the following hypotheses with respect to vessel diameter adaptation. (1) In addition to O2-dependent signaling, metabolic vascular regulation can be effected by signal substances produced independently of local oxygenation (reflecting the presence of cells) due to the dilution effect. (2) Control of resting vessel tone, and thus perfusion reserve, could be explained by a vascular activity/hypoxia memory. (3) Vasodilator but not vasoconstrictor signaling can prevent shunt perfusion via signal conduction upstream to feeding arterioles. (4) For low perfusion heterogeneity in the steady state, metabolic signaling from the vessel wall or a perivascular tissue sleeve is optimal. (5) For amplification of perfusion during transient increases of tissue demand, red blood cell-derived vasodilators or vasoconstrictors diluted in flowing blood may be relevant.
Structure and Performance of the Direct Access File System (2002)

The Direct Access File System (DAFS) is an emerging industrial standard for network-attached storage. DAFS takes advantage of new user-level net- work interface standards. This enables a user-level file system structure in which client-side functionality for remote data access resides in a library rather than in the kernel. This structure addresses longstanding performance problems stemming from weak integration of buffering layers in the network transport, kernel-based file systems and applica- tions. The benefits of this architecture include lightweight, portable and asynchronous access to network storage and improved application control over data movement, caching and prefetching.