gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of high quality Pt–CeO<sub>2</sub>electrodes supported on carbon black for direct methanol fuel cell applications (2008)

A Platinum (Pt) on pure ceria (CeO2) particles supported by carbon black (CB) was synthesised. The electrochemical activity of methanol oxidation reaction on synthesised Pt–CeO2/CB anodes was investigated. To develop this anode, the influence of surface area of CeO2 particles in Pt–CeO2/CB on anode properties was examined. The anode properties (i.e. onset potential and peak current density) were improved using fine CeO2 particles with high surface area. This indicates that higher activity on surface of CeO2 improves the anode properties. The anode properties on Pt high surface area CeO2/CB was better than that on Pt–Tin oxide(SnO2)/CB or Pt–Ru/carbon. The authors suggest that the rate determining steps of methanol oxidation reaction on Pt–CeO2/CB and other anodes such as Pt–SnO2/CB and Pt–Ru/carbon are different which accounts for the difference in performance. Therefore, it is concluded that a design of active surface of CeO2 is a key for development of Pt–CeO2/CB anode in polymer membrane fuel cells.
LMMSE-based iterative and turbo equalization methods for CDMA downlink channels (2005)

An approach to turbo and iterative channel equalization is proposed for downlink code division multiple access (CDMA) receivers. At each iteration, the method employs a linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) equalizer that incorporates feedback information obtained in the previous iteration. The LMMSE filter is updated iteratively to provide incremental improvements on the estimate of transmitted chip sequence. The update can utilize information fed back from the turbo decoder output, resulting in a turbo equalizer, or from a soft decision operation without involving the decoder, yielding an iterative equalizer. The technique achieves a significant performance gain compared to non-iterative LMMSE equalization. In some cases, the performance after 3-4 iterations is within 1 dB of the matched filter bound.
Evaluating sunscreen ultraviolet protection using a polychromatic diffuse reflectance device (2019)

Abstract Background Sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection factor (UVA‐PF) are determined using in vivo tests, with high exposures of subjects to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Hybrid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (HDRS) enables estimation of both indices using only trace amounts UVB. However, the equipment requires two expensive monochromators that must synchronously scan the spectrum. Methods An alternate approach was developed using a polychromatic source that illuminates the skin via a custom light guide array, and the diffuse reflected light is measured with a photomultiplier. The ratio of the diffuse reflectance with and without the sunscreen on the skin determines the polychromatic diffuse reflectance UVA‐PF (PDRS UVA‐PF 0 ). This factor was used to adjust in vitro UV spectroscopy scans of the sunscreen (with and without UV exposure to assess photostability), to calculate SPF and UVA protection factors. Ten sunscreens were evaluated and compared to in vivo SPF and UVA‐PF values. Results The data show an excellent correlation with known in vivo determinations. Conclusion This polychromatic HDRS approach uses simpler, faster, and less expensive equipment to determine both UVA‐PF and SPFs without high doses of UV radiation to the test subjects.
Canonical sources and duality in chiral media (antenna arrays) (1988)

The authors examine the characteristics of antenna arrays embedded in unbounded chiral media using the Green's dyadic for electric sources and the Green's vector for magnetic sources. The purpose is to bring to light the new characteristics of sources, both point and extended, which interact with this medium and to examine general characteristics of sources located in a medium with handedness. Very simple quality relations are presented that are characteristic of chiral media when the results are written in terms of the circular eigenmodes. Appropriate measures of chirality such as the chirality admittance and impedance and a dimensionless chirality factor are introduced as needed. It is shown that, in the far field, both point and extended sources, whether electric or magnetic, radiate two electromagnetic eigenmodes which are of opposing handedness. Sources that access only one of the eigenmodes of the medium are demonstrated. Several applications of the results and array performance in chiral media are noted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combination Therapy With Lysin CF-301 and Antibiotic Is Superior to Antibiotic Alone for Treating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus–Induced Murine Bacteremia (2013)

Lysins are bacteriophage-derived enzymes that degrade bacterial peptidoglycans. Lysin CF-301 is being developed to treat Staphylococcus aureus because of its potent, specific, and rapid bacteriolytic effects. It also demonstrates activity on drug-resistant strains, has a low resistance profile, eradicates biofilms, and acts synergistically with antibiotics. CF-301 was bacteriolytic against 250 S. aureus strains tested including 120 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. In time-kill studies with 62 strains, CF-301 reduced S. aureus by 3-log10 within 30 minutes compared to 6-12 hours required by antibiotics. In bacteremia, CF-301 increased survival by reducing blood MRSA 100-fold within 1 hour. Combinations of CF-301 with vancomycin or daptomycin synergized in vitro and increased survival significantly in staphylococcal-induced bacteremia compared to treatment with antibiotics alone (P < .0001). Superiority of CF-301 combinations with antibiotics was confirmed in 26 independent bacteremia studies. Combinations including CF-301 and antibiotics represent an attractive alternative to antibiotic monotherapies currently used to treat S. aureus bacteremia.
Spatio-Temporal Graph for Video Captioning With Knowledge Distillation (2020)

Video captioning is a challenging task that requires a deep understanding of visual scenes. State-of-the-art methods generate captions using either scene-level or object-level information but without explicitly modeling object interactions. Thus, they often fail to make visually grounded predictions, and are sensitive to spurious correlations. In this paper, we propose a novel spatio-temporal graph model for video captioning that exploits object interactions in space and time. Our model builds interpretable links and is able to provide explicit visual grounding. To avoid unstable performance caused by the variable number of objects, we further propose an object-aware knowledge distillation mechanism, in which local object information is used to regularize global scene features. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach through extensive experiments on two benchmarks, showing our approach yields competitive performance with interpretable predictions.
IoT-Based Digital Twin for Energy Cyber-Physical Systems: Design and Implementation (2020)

With the emergence of distributed energy resources (DERs), with their associated communication and control complexities, there is a need for an efficient platform that can digest all the incoming data and ensure the reliable operation of the power system. The digital twin (DT) is a new concept that can unleash tremendous opportunities and can be used at the different control and security levels of power systems. This paper provides a methodology for the modelling of the implementation of energy cyber-physical systems (ECPSs) that can be used for multiple applications. Two DT types are introduced to cover the high-bandwidth and the low-bandwidth applications that need centric oversight decision making. The concept of the digital twin is validated and tested using Amazon Web Services (AWS) as a cloud host that can incorporate physical and data models as well as being able to receive live measurements from the different actual power and control entities. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the real-time implementation of the DT for the ECPS based on internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing technologies. The normalized mean-square error for the low-bandwidth DT case was 3.7%. In the case of a high-bandwidth DT, the proposed method showed superior performance in reconstructing the voltage estimates, with 98.2% accuracy from only the controllers’ states.
Quantum well intrasubband photodetector (QWISP): Prospects for large-format far-infrared focal plane arrays (2008)

We describe a recently proposed device concept of using of the dopant-assisted intra-subband absorption mechanism in quantum wells for normal-incidence far infrared / terahertz radiation detection. The Quantum Well Intra-Subband Photodetector (QWISP) is closely related to the quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP), which is now been utilized routinely to fabricate large-format (mega-pixel), multi-spectral (3 to 15 μm) focal plane arrays. The QWISP is a compact device that is compatible with existing GaAs QWIP focal-plane array technology. We describe the basic physics and device concept of the QWISP, present a theoretical analysis on its far-IR detection properties, and discuss prospects toward its experimental realization.
Magnetically-Responsive Nanoparticles for Vectored Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics (2010)

We propose that physical targeting of therapeutics to tumors using magnetically‐responsive nanoparticles (MNPs) will enhance intratumoral drug levels compared to free drugs in an effort to overcome tumor resistance. We evaluated the feasibility of magnetic enhancement of tumor extravasation of systemically‐administered MNPs in human xenografts implanted in the mammary fatpads of nude mice. Mice with orthotopic tumors were injected systemically with MNPs, with a focused magnetic field juxtaposed over the tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging and scanning electron microscopy both indicated successful tumor localization of MNPs. Next, MNPs were modified with poly‐ethylene‐glycol (PEG) and their clearance compared by estimating signal attenuation in liver due to iron accumulation. The results suggested that PEG substitution could retard the rate of MNP plasma clearance, which may allow greater magnetically‐enhanced tumor localization. We propose that this technology is clinically scalable to many types of both superficial as well as some viscerable tumors with existing magnetic technology.
Design of a Model Based Controller for Regulation of Auto-Ignition (2005)

The present paper considers a model predictive controller to sustain a combustion system that relies in the auto-ignition of a fuel/air mixture. The auto-ignition process relies in elevating the fuel/air mixture to the ignition temperature to initiate the combustion process. The homogeneity or heterogeneous characteristics of the mixture have a strong influence on the process as well as the fuel composition, Diesel or gasoline, and charge mixture temperature. The auto-ignition process is examined in a compression ignition (CI) engine platform, with Diesel fuel premixed early in the compression cycle with the charge air. The variations in the temperature of the charge air in each cylinder encountered due to variations in cooling in the cylinder head or unsymmetrical flow characteristics are compensated using a model predictive controller to manipulate the intake valve closing timing (IVC). IVC regulates the effective compression ratio and the timing with respect to the cylinder’s top dead center position when the charge temperature reaches the auto-ignition temperature. Simultaneously, the controller manipulates the fuel mass delivered to the cylinder to adjust torque to the desired level. The paper shows empirical correlations between the intake valve closing and fueling to auto-ignition timing and torque that serve to solve the predictive model when subject to various noise factors.
Efficient dynamic scheduling through tag elimination (2003)

An increasingly large portion of scheduler latency is derived from the monolithic content addressable memory arrays accessed during instruction wake-up. The performance of the scheduler can be improved by decreasing the number of tag comparisons necessary to schedule instructions. Using detailed simulation-based analyses, we find that most instructions enter the window with at least one of their input operands already available. By putting these instructions into specialized windows with fewer tag comparators, load capacitance on the scheduler critical path can be reduced, with only very small effects on program throughput. For instructions with multiple unavailable operands, we introduce a last-tag speculation mechanism that eliminates all remaining tag comparators except those for the last arriving input operand. By combining these two tag-reduction schemes, we are able to construct dynamic schedulers with approximately one quarter of the tag comparators found in conventional designs. Conservative circuit-level timing analyses indicate that the optimized designs are 20-45% faster and require 10-20% less power depending on instruction window size.
Fatty Acid Composition and Applications of <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Seed Oil (2019)

The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is commonly found in Japan. Its fruits are consumed raw or used in processed foods, and its leaves are used as a traditional medicine and in the manufacturing of cosmetics. Additionally, its seeds have several industrial applications. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the fatty acid composition of loquat seed oil, and to evaluate its potential application as a deodorant. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid were found to be the primary fatty acids present in the seeds, among which linoleic acid was involved in the deodorization of allyl methyl sulfide. Based on these results, loquat seed oil has potential for use in deodorant production.
Convolutional self-doubly orthogonal codes and their iterative threshold decoding (2005)

An extension of convolutional self-orthogonal codes called convolutional self-doubly orthogonal codes which are decoded using an iterative threshold decoding algorithm with no interleaver is presented. These new codes allow good error performance in addition to providing attractive trade-off between complexity and latency. Some code searching results yielding new codes are provided together with their error performance evaluation. Puncturing techniques for systematic convolutional codes that allows us to obtain high-rate R = b/(b + 1) punctured convolutional self-doubly orthogonal codes in the wide sense are also investigated. Some punctured convolutional self-doubly orthogonal codes are presented and their bit error probabilities are evaluated using computer simulations.
MatrixWave (2015)

Event sequence data analysis is common in many domains, including web and software development, transportation, and medical care. Few have investigated visualization techniques for comparative analysis of multiple event sequence datasets. Grounded in the real-world characteristics of web clickstream data, we explore visualization techniques for comparison of two clickstream datasets collected on different days or from users with different demographics. Through iterative design with web analysts, we designed MatrixWave, a matrix-based representation that allows analysts to get an overview of differences in traffic patterns and interactively explore paths through the website. We use color to encode differences and size to offer context over traffic volume. User feedback on MatrixWave is positive. Our study participants made fewer errors with MatrixWave and preferred it over the more familiar Sankey diagram.
Perceptually based color texture features and metrics for image retrieval (2003)

We propose a perceptually-based system for pattern retrieval and matching. The central idea of the work is that similarity judgment has to be modeled along perceptual dimensions. Hence, we detect basic visual categories that people use in judgment of similarity, and design a computational model which accepts patterns as input, and depending on the query, produces a set of choices that follow human behavior in pattern matching. To understand how humans perceive color patterns we performed a subjective experiment The experiment yielded five perceptual criteria used in comparison between color patterns (vocabulary), as well as a set of rules governing the use of these criteria in similarity judgment (grammar). This paper describes the actual implementation of the perceptual criteria and rules in the image retrieval system. Following the processing typical for human vision, we designed a system to: (a) extract perceptual features from the vocabulary and (b) perform the comparison between the patterns according to the grammar rules. We propose new color and texture features, as well as new distance functions that correlate with human performance. The performance of the system is illustrated with numerous examples from image databases from different application domains.
A Workload Aware Storage Platform for Large Scale Computing Environments (2016)

Taking advantage of recent developments in Software Defined Storage and Cloud Computing, in this article we present our on-going effort, a Workload Aware Storage Platform (WASP), which aims to provide optimal storage backend assignment for given application storage workloads while minimizing or eliminating manual intervention. We identify four key challenges involved, i.e., characterization of storage workload and backend, and optimal mapping between storage workload and backend as well as the continuous optimization thereafter. We also present potential directions, including enabling techniques such as MAPE-K control, and deployment automation, to address these challenges. We believe that WASP potentially benefits not only the application with guaranteed SLAs, but also the cloud provider with improved resource utilization, eco-efficiency, and productivity.
Monocrystalline CdTe/MgCdTe double-heterostructure solar cells with a ZnTe hole-contact and passivation layer (2016)

Monocrystalline p-ZnTe/i-MgCdTe/n-CdTe/n-MgCdTe double-heterostructure (DH) solar cells are grown through a combination of MBE and MOCVD deposition techniques using several different dopants. The adverse effects (high interface recombination velocity) of the lattice mismatched ZnTe/CdTe hetero-interface is suppressed by the use of a DH with an intrinsic MgCdTe top barrier layer that functions as a passivation layer. The steady-state photoluminescence intensity is used to compare the potential device performance with previous ZnTe/CdTe and a-Si/i-MgCdTe/CdTe device structures while quantum efficiency measurements demonstrate the benefit of using ZnTe over previously demonstrated contact layers.
Modeling the neutron yield of a therapeutic thermal neutron source driven with a repetitively pulsed electron linac (2002)

Summary form only given. Hampering the development of the medical application of thermal neutrons is the lack of a compact, low cost, high-flux thermal neutron generator. Presently, the only sources of high-flux thermal neutron beams are nuclear research reactors. These facilities are few in number and often lack the clinical environment necessary for medical research. For the therapeutic application of thermal neutrons to become a viable treatment modality, clinically deployable neutron generators need to be developed and tested. A thermal neutron generator driven by a repetitively pulsed electron linac would overcome these difficulties by being compact and relatively low cost. These devices have a long history in hospitals, such systems being found in virtually every major oncology department. Furthermore, the possibility exists for the conversion of these machines into neutron generators on either a full or part-time basis. The repetitively pulsed electron linac driven thermal neutron generator is based on the photonuclear dissociation of deuterium. Deuterium has a very low photonuclear threshold (2.225 MeV) and is available in a very convenient form, that of heavy water, which is also an excellent neutron moderator. Electrons of moderate energy (5 to 10 MeV) from the electron linac are directed onto a high Z target, generating bremsstrahlung. Very large photon fluxes can be generated in this manner. These photons impinge on the photoneutron target where the neutron generation takes place. The neutrons are subsequently moderated, filtered, and directed to the patient position through a beam port. This paper discusses the modeling of the neutron yield and neutron spectra within the photoneutron target. The Monte Carlo for N-Particle (MCNP) transport code is used for modeling the X-ray converter and the neutron generation within the photoneutron target. Current results are discussed.
A New Approach to Measure the Wettability of Porous Media by Temperature Sensitivity of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Time (2019)

Abstract The wettability, specifically the wettability of the porous structure within rocks, is one of the key parameters that determine fluid flow, which determines the potential oil producibility from reservoirs. The oil wetting preference on the pore surface of reservoir rock influences the reservoir performance in various steps of oil production, such as waterflooding and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The surface relaxation times of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are sensitive to the wettability of pore surface since they are mainly determined by the strength of fluid-rock interaction. Thus, the surface effective activation energy (ΔE), which is determined by the properties of fluid and pore surface, is the key parameter determines the NMR surface relaxation times and the wettability. Since ΔE is related to temperature by Arrhenius laws for the correlation time, the wettability of pore surface can be acquired from temperature sensitivity of NMR surface relaxation times. A new wettability measurement method for reservoir rocks has been developed based on this temperature dependence of NMR relaxation time. The proposed method is also capable of measuring the wettability of porous media under any saturation level which conventional method cannot provide. The verification of the method has been conducted with 1 sandstone and 4 carbonates rock cores.
A Quasioptical Vector Interferometer for Polarization Control (2005)

We present a mathematical description of a Quasioptical Vector Interferometer (QVI), a device that maps an input polarization state to an output polarization state by introducing a phase delay between two linear orthogonal components of the input polarization. The advantages of such a device over a spinning wave-plate modulator for measuring astronomical polarization in the far-infrared through millimeter are: 1. The use of small, linear motions eliminates the need for cryogenic rotational bearings, 2. The phase flexibility allows measurement of Stokes V as well as Q and U, and 3. The QVI allows for both multi-wavelength and broadband modulation. We suggest two implementations of this device as an astronomical polarization modulator. The first involves two such modulators placed in series. By adjusting the two phase delays, it is possible to use such a modulator to measure Stokes Q, U, and V for passbands that are not too large. Conversely, a single QVI may be used to measure Q and V independent of frequency. In this implementation, Stokes U must be measured by rotating the instrument. We conclude this paper by presenting initial laboratory results.