gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Programmed Death-1 Pathway Limits Central Nervous System Inflammation and Neurologic Deficits in Murine Experimental Stroke (2011)

Our novel observations are the first to implicate PD-1 signaling as a major protective pathway for limiting central nervous system inflammation in middle cerebral artery occlusion. This inhibitory circuit would likely be pivotal in reducing stroke-associated Toll-like receptor-2- and Toll like receptor-4-mediated release of neurotoxic factors by activated central nervous system microglia.
Use of Artificial Magnetic Anomalies in Indoor Pedestrian Navigation (2010)

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) based on inertial sensing alone does not provide absolute user location relative to the environment. Moreover, accuracy of the PDR position estimates degrades as a function of time due to the inaccuracies in the raw sensor data. Therefore, a key for successful and cost-effective indoor positioning is to find a way to provide occasional location fixes to assist the PDR. We present a novel way to use a magnetometer to detect and identify artificially created magnetic anomalies that can be interpreted as location fixes. Since inertial measurement units (IMUs) commonly include a built-in magnetometer for heading estimation, the proposed method does not require any additional hardware to be carried by the user. The objective of the paper is to introduce the aforementioned approach in more detail and to evaluate it with a prototype and a positioning trial.
Laser processes for MEMS manufacture (2002)

This paper discusses the use of excimer lasers in the manufacture of microelectromechanical devices and systems, with emphasis on two application areas: laser micromachining of polymer masters for replication in metal by electroplating (Laser-LIGA), and laser-assisted manipulation of microparts for hybrid assembly. As a master fabrication method, laser micromachining offers advantages over conventional UV lithography in terms of materials flexibility and 3-dimensional capability. However, these advantages are offset by higher cost and lower throughput. We have been using a combination of laser micromachining an UV lithography to produce relatively complex multi-level fluidic devices, with laser micromachining being used only for layers requiring greater structural height and/or 3D profiling. Process details and examples of prototype devices are presented. Laser-assisted assembly is a new technique based on release and transport of parts by ablation of a sacrificial layer, using light incident through the substrate. We have been using this approach to assemble microelectromechanical devices from parts fabricated on separate substrates. Fundamental aspects of the process are discussed, and results are presented for hybrid electrostatic micromotors assembled by laser-assisted transfer of nickel parts.
Nitric oxide and penile erectile function (2005)

The discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as an intercellular messenger or neurotransmitter opened a new era for identifying the important mechanisms underlying physiological and pathophysiological events in autonomically innervated organs and tissues; it also provided the way for development of new therapeutics based on a novel concept of molecule and cell interaction. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) discovered by Furchgott and Zawadzki has been proved to be NO, a labile gaseous molecule, that modulates vascular tone, platelet aggregation and adhesion, and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Later, NO was determined to act as a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter of postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers, innervating a variety of smooth muscles including the penile corpus cavernosum (CC). The nerve is called "nitrergic" or "nitroxidergic". Although CC sinusoidal endothelial cells also produce and liberate NO in response to chemical and possibly physical stimuli, roles of neurogenic NO in penile erection appear to be more attractive and convincing. NO is formed from L-arginine via catalysis by NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible NOS. NO from nerves and possibly endothelia plays a crucial role in initiating and maintaining intracavernous pressure increase, penile vasodilatation, and penile erection that are dependent on cyclic GMP synthesized with activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by NO in smooth muscle cells. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is caused by a variety of pathogenic factors, particularly impaired formation and action of NO. Thus, replenishment of this molecule or intracellular cyclic GMP is expected so far to be the most promising therapeutic measures for patients with ED. This article includes recent advances in research on physiological roles and pathophysiological implications of NO in penile erection and on novel therapy for ED in reference to NO.
Reduction in formation and growth of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt foci in rat colon by docosahexaenoic acid. (1993)

The effect of intragastric gavage administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the formation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci in rat colon was investigated. Male F344 rats were treated three times s.c. with 20 mg/kg of DMH and were given either 0.7 ml of DHA or water intragastrically 5 times a week for 4, 8, or 12 weeks from the day before the first carcinogen treatment. The numbers of DMH-induced aberrant crypt foci per colon after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of DHA treatment were approximately 40% of those in the respective control groups, and the differences were statistically significant. The numbers of foci reached plateau levels at 8 weeks in both the DHA-treated and control groups. The mean number of aberrant crypts per focus was also significantly smaller in the group given DHA than that in the control group at each time. These results suggest that DHA suppresses the formation and growth of aberrant crypt foci and has a preventive effect on colon carcinogenesis.
Efficient Downlink Channel Reconstruction for FDD Multi-Antenna Systems (2019)

In this paper, we propose an efficient downlink channel reconstruction scheme for a frequency-division-duplex multi-antenna system by utilizing uplink channel state information combined with limited feedback. Based on the spatial reciprocity in a wireless channel, the downlink channel is reconstructed by using frequency-independent parameters. First, we estimate the gains, delays, and angles during uplink sounding. The gains are then refined through downlink training and sent back to the base station (BS). With limited overhead, the refinement can substantially improve the accuracy of the downlink channel reconstruction. The BS can then reconstruct the downlink channel with the uplink-estimated delays and angles and the downlink-refined gains. We also introduce and extend the Newtonized orthogonal matching pursuit (NOMP) algorithm to detect the delays and gains in a multi-antenna multi-subcarrier condition. The results of our analysis show that the extended NOMP algorithm achieves high-estimation accuracy. The simulations and over-the-air tests are performed to assess the performance of the efficient downlink channel reconstruction scheme. The results show that the reconstructed channel is close to the practical channel and that the accuracy is enhanced when the number of BS antennas increases, thereby highlighting the promising application of the proposed scheme in large-scale antenna array systems.
Pressure‐Tailored Band Engineering for Significant Enhancements in the Photoelectric Performance of CsI<sub>3</sub> in the Optical Communication Waveband (2021)

Abstract The bandgap and type of optical transition are key factors in determining the functionalities and applications of photoelectric materials. However, it is extremely difficult to modulate the bandgap and indirect‐direct bandgap transition for most materials. This study reports significant enhancements in photocurrents and an extended detection bandwidth resulting from pressure‐regulated indirect–direct bandgap transition in hypervalent CsI 3 . Furthermore, this study achieves an increase in the photocurrent by almost five orders of magnitude under visible‐light illumination. Impressively, the detection band‐edge shows a successive redshift from visible light to 1650 nm (optical communication waveband) upon compression. And high pressure is conducive to CsI 3 operating at an ultralow bias input. Extensive high‐pressure spectroscopy analyses and theoretical calculations suggest that changes in the photoelectric properties of CsI 3 are associated with enhanced I–I interactions along the quasi‐endless linear chain directions under compression. These findings offer an effective band engineering strategy for achieving broadband spectral response and high gains with an ultralow bias in photoelectric detectors.
Characterization of polymer blends and alloys by constrained profile‐analysis of X‐ray diffraction scans (1990)

Abstract The composition of polymer blends and alloys and the crystallinity and crystallite size/perfection of each of the components are determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. A profile‐fitting procedure is used to resolve the XRD scan into crystalline and amorphous peaks corresponding to each of the polymers. The procedure uses templates derived from the XRD scans of the homopolymers as constraints. The usefulness of this method for studying the influence of blending and grafting is illustrated by analyzing the data from two‐component blends with and without the graft copolymer compatibilizer.
Proof of unconditional security of six-state quantum key distribution scheme (2001)

We prove the unconditional security of the standard six-state scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD). We demonstrate its unconditional security up to a bit error rate of 12.7 percents, by allowing only one-way classical communications in the error correction/privacy amplification procedure between Alice and Bob. This shows a clear advantage of the six-state scheme over another standard scheme---BB84, which has been proven to be secure up to only about 11 percents, if only one-way classical communications are allowed. Our proof technique is a generalization of that of Shor-Preskill's proof of security of BB84. We show that a advantage of the six-state scheme lies in the Alice and Bob's ability to establish rigorously from their test sample the non-trivial mutual information between the bit-flip and phase error patterns. A modified version of the degenerate quantum codes studied by DiVincenzo, Shor and Smolin is employed in our proof.
Uniform-sized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Bisphenol A (1999)

Abstract A uniform-sized molecularly imprinted polymer for bisphenol A (1) has been prepared by a multi-step swelling and thermal polymerization method using 4-vinylpyridine (4-VPY) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as a functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. Hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions between 1 and 4-VPY-EDMA materials could play an important role in the recognition of 1. The 1-imprinted 4-VPY-EDMA materials selectively recognized the template molecule among the phenolic estrogenic and xenoestrogenic compounds tested.
A Bayesian approach for stochastic white matter tractography (2006)

White matter fiber bundles in the human brain can be located by tracing the local water diffusion in diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. In this paper, a novel Bayesian modeling approach for white matter tractography is presented. The uncertainty associated with estimated white matter fiber paths is investigated, and a method for calculating the probability of a connection between two areas in the brain is introduced. The main merits of the presented methodology are its simple implementation and its ability to handle noise in a theoretically justified way. Theory for estimating global connectivity is also presented, as well as a theorem that facilitates the estimation of the parameters in a constrained tensor model of the local water diffusion profile.
A presenilin 1 mutation (Ser169Pro) associated with early-onset AD and myoclonic seizures (1999)

The absence of the PS1 Ser169Pro mutation in the general population and in sporadic AD cases together with its detection in the affected members of this kindred suggests that it is a pathogenic mutation. The serine to proline change predicts a kink in the alpha-helix of the transmembrane domain of the PS1 protein that could radically disrupt its normal structure. Further characterization of the effect of this mutation could help identify the function of the PS1 protein and the pathogenic mechanisms of AD.
Doherty power amplifiers for handset applications (2010)

The efficiency and linearity are enhanced by a direct input dividing and an uneven power drive. An optimized envelope tracking (ET) operation of Doherty power amplifier (PA) is presented. The PA and the supply modulator are realized using a 2 μm InGaP/GaAs HBT and 0.13 μm CMOS processes, respectively. For WiMAX application, it shows a PAE of 38.6% and an EVM of 3.64% at an output power of 24.22 dBm with a gain of 24.62 dB.
Rektor der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (1978)

I am very glad that I can welcome you all to the inauguration of the International Symposium "State of Prevention and Therapy in Human Arteriosclerosis and in Animal Models" at our University.
Anisotropic elasticity and force extrapolation to improve realism of surgery simulation (2002)

We describe the latest developments of the minimally invasive hepatic surgery simulator prototype developed at INRIA. The goal of this simulator is to provide a realistic training test-bed for performing laparoscopic procedures. Therefore, its main functionality is to simulate the deformation and cutting of tri-dimensional anatomical models with the help of two virtual laparoscopic surgical instruments. Throughout the paper, we present the general features of the simulator including the implementation of different bio-mechanical models based on linear elasticity and finite element theory and the integration of two force-feedback devices in the simulation platform. More precisely, we describe two important developments that improve the overall realism of the simulator. First, we can create bio-mechanical models that include the notion of anisotropic deformation. Indeed, we have generalized the linear elastic behavior of anatomical models to "transversally isotropic" materials, i.e. materials having one privileged direction of deformation. The second improvement is related to the problem of haptic rendering. Currently, we are able to achieve a simulation frequency of 25 Hz (visual real-time) with anatomical models of complex geometry and behavior. But to achieve a good haptic feedback requires a frequency update of applied forces typically above 300 Hz (haptic real-time). Thus, we propose a force extrapolation algorithm in order to reach haptic real-time.
Antibodies inhibit the protease-mediated processing of a malaria merozoite surface protein. (1994)

When merozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are released from infected erythrocytes and invade new red cells, a component of a protein complex derived from the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) precursor undergoes a single proteolytic cleavage known as secondary processing. This releases the complex from the parasite surface, except for a small membrane-bound fragment consisting of two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, which is the only part of MSP-1 to be carried into invaded erythrocytes. We report that, a group of monoclonal antibodies specific for epitopes within the EGF-like domains, some interfere with secondary processing whereas others do not. Those that most effectively inhibit processing have previously been shown to prevent invasion. Other antibodies, some of which can block this inhibition, not only do not prevent invasion but are carried into the host cell bound to the merozoite surface. These observations unequivocally demonstrate that the binding of antibody to the COOH-terminal region of MSP-1 on the merozoite surface may not be sufficient to prevent erythrocyte invasion, and show that the interaction of different antibodies with adjacent epitopes within the EGF-like domains of MSP-1 can have distinct biochemical effects on the molecule. Inhibition of MSP-1 processing on merozoites may be a mechanism by which protective antibodies interrupt the asexual cycle of the malaria parasite.
Learning to Detect Basal Tubules of Nematocysts in SEM Images (2013)

This paper presents a learning approach for detecting nematocysts in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. The image dataset was collected and made available to us by biologists for the purposes of morphological studies of corals, jellyfish, and other species in the phylum Cnidaria. Challenges for computer vision presented by this biological domain are rarely seen in general images of natural scenes. We formulate nematocyst detection as labeling of a regular grid of image patches. This structured prediction problem is specified within two frameworks: CRF and HC-Search. The CRF uses graph cuts for inference. The HC-Search approach is based on search in the space of outputs. It uses a learned heuristic function (H) to uncover high-quality candidate labelings of image patches, and then uses a learned cost function (C) to select the final prediction among the candidates. While locally optimal CRF inference may be sufficient for images of natural scenes, our results demonstrate that CRF with graph cuts performs poorly on the nematocyst images, and that HC-Search outperforms CRF with graph cuts. This suggests biological images of flexible objects present new challenges requiring further ad- vances of, or alternatives to existing methods.
A Dynamic Bootstrap Voltage Technique for a High-Efficiency Buck Converter in a Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Device (2015)

The dynamic bootstrap voltage (DBV) technique is proposed to keep high efficiency over wide ranges of load currents for high-power universal serial bus devices. The silicon area of the embedded power management with the DBV technique in the system-on-a-chip can be effectively reduced to 50% of the conventional design with a P-type high-side power MOSFET. Test chips fabricated in 0.25-μm CMOS process showed a 92% peak efficiency from 1 mA to 1 A. The maximum driving current was higher than 5 A, and the efficiency was 88%. Compared with the efficiency of the converter without the DBV technique, the efficiency of the converter with DBV technique was improved by about 28%.
Efficient algorithms for exact ranked twig-pattern matching over graphs (2008)

Querying large-scale graph-structured data with twig patterns is attracting growing interest. Generally, a twig pattern could have an extremely large, potentially exponential, number of matches in a graph. Retrieving and returning to the user this many answers may both incur high computational overhead and overwhelm the user.
Spatio-Temporal Expression Patterns of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) During Follicular Development in the Rat Ovary (1998)

The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) is a vital mitochondrial protein that is indispensable for the synthesis of steroid hormones in the steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex and the gonads. Recent studies have shown that StAR enhances the conversion of the substrate for all steroid hormones, cholesterol, into pregnenolone, probably by facilitating cholesterol entry into the inner compartment of the mitochondria where the steroidogenic cytochrome P450scc complex resides. To study the potential of StAR to affect ovarian steroidogenesis during follicular development, we examined the time-dependent expression of StAR protein and messenger RNA in PMSG/human CG (hCG)-treated immature rats. Western blot analyses and immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methodologies have revealed a biphasic expression of StAR in the ovaries responding to hormones. The first peak of StAR expression was generated by PMSG administration and lasted for 24 h. Furthermore, it was restricted to the entire network of the ovarian secondary interstitial tissue, as well as to a fewer scattered theca-interna cells. The second burst of StAR expression was observed in response to the LH surge, as simulated by hCG. This time, StAR was expressed in the entire theca-interna and interstitial tissue, as well as in those granulosa cells that were confined to periovulatory follicles. Immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed the over 90% of StAR antigenic sites are localized in the inner compartments of the mitochondrion, suggesting a rapid removal of StAR precursor from the mitochondrial surface, where it is believed to exert its activity. Altogether, our observations portray dynamic acute alterations of StAR expression during the process of follicular maturation in this animal model. Furthermore, if StAR indeed determines steroidogenic capacities in the ovary, our findings imply that, in immature rats undergoing hormonally induced first ovulation: 1) the early phases of follicular development are supported by androgen production originating from nonfollicular cells; 2) estrogen production in the granulosa cells of Graafian follicles is nourished by a submaximal androgenic output in the theca-interstitial compartments of the ovary.
Bioinspired Ultra-Low Adhesive Energy Interface for Continuous 3D Printing: Reducing Curing Induced Adhesion (2018)

Additive manufacturing based on liquid resin curing is one of the most promising methods to construct delicate structures. However, precision and speed are limited by the vertical adhesion of in situ cured resin at the curing interface. To overcome the unavoidable adhesion and to develop a general curing interface, we propose a slippery surface taking inspiration of the peristome surface of the pitcher plant. Such surface shows ultra-low adhesive energy at the curing interface due to the inhibition of the direct contact between the cured resin and the solid surface, which also increases the refilling speed of liquid resin. This ultra-low adhesive energy interface is effective for continuous 3D printing and provides insights into the physical mechanisms in reducing vertical solid-solid interfacial adhesion.
Blossom of CRISPR technologies and applications in disease treatment (2018)

Since 2013, the CRISPR-based bacterial antiviral defense systems have revolutionized the genome editing field. In addition to genome editing, CRISPR has been developed as a variety of tools for gene expression regulations, live cell chromatin imaging, base editing, epigenome editing, and nucleic acid detection. Moreover, in the context of further boosting the usability and feasibility of CRISPR systems, novel CRISPR systems and engineered CRISPR protein mutants have been explored and studied actively. With the flourish of CRISPR technologies, they have been applied in disease treatment recently, as in gene therapy, cell therapy, immunotherapy, and antimicrobial therapy. Here we present the developments of CRISPR technologies and describe the applications of these CRISPR-based technologies in disease treatment.
An intelligent self-checkout system for smart retail (2016)

Most of current self-checkout systems rely on barcodes, RFID tags, or QR codes attached on items to distinguish products. This paper proposes an Intelligent Self-Checkout System (ISCOS) embedded with a single camera to detect multiple products without any labels in real-time performance. In addition, deep learning skill is applied to implement product detection, and data mining techniques construct the image database employed as training dataset. Product information gathered from a number of markets in Taiwan is utilized to make recommendation to customers. The bounding boxes are annotated by background subtraction with a fixed camera to avoid time-consuming process for each image. The contribution of this work is to combine deep learning and data mining approaches to real-time multi-object detection in image-based checkout system.