gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Method for Selecting Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Diabetes Research (2014)

To understand the true impact of treatment strategies in diabetes, it is important to look beyond just biomedical efficacy. The primary goal of diabetes treatment is to achieve near-normal blood glucose levels over the long term.1 However, achieving good metabolic control requires full understanding, engagement, and commitment of the patient to the prescribed treatment strategy. Patients' experience can be adversely affected because of the direct effects of diabetes or its treatment, which can, in turn, affect clinical outcomes through such mediating factors as medication-taking behavior and adherence to lifestyle changes. Thus, treatment strategies for diabetes must seek to balance glycemic control against negative patient experiences, such as hypoglycemia symptoms and other effects that may adversely affect overall quality of life (QoL).2 Although treatment efficacy is measured with biomarkers, examining patients' experiences requires health care providers to ask them directly about those experiences.3

Patients' experiences can be measured in a quantifiable and standardized manner in clinical research or practice by the administration and completion of patient-reported outcome measures (PROs), which encompass measurement of any aspect of a patient's health status that comes directly from the patient and is based on the patient's perception of a disease and its treatment(s).3 There are numerous PROs measuring a range of concepts, including perceived symptoms of high and low blood glucose, treatment satisfaction, health-related QoL (HRQL), health status, and weight changes. Each concept represents a different aspect of an individual's thoughts and feelings about diabetes or its treatment. PROs may be …
Redundancy - The new device technology for circuits of the 80's (1982)

This work provides an overview of the technologies associated with the widespread use of redundancy to improve die yields in VLSI memory circuits. Yield improvement benefits, the nature of repairable defects, methods to optimize the number and type of spare memory elements, and the reliability issues associated with redundancy are described. The paper focuses on the relative benefits of various technologies used which allow the replacement of a defective element with a redundant one. The two most popular techniques, those using on-chip transistors or off-chip lasers to disconnect fuses are discussed in detail. Comparisons are made between relative yield improvement, fuse programming physics, process variation effects on programming yield, and scalability with reduced process dimensions of these two techniques. Future applications for redundancy techniques are proposed.
Sequential Protein Kinase C (PKC)-dependent and PKC-independent Protein Kinase D Catalytic Activation via Gq-coupled Receptors (2008)

Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine protein kinase rapidly activated by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway. Recently, PKD has been implicated in the regulation of long term cellular activities, but little is known about the mechanism(s) of sustained PKD activation. Here, we show that cell treatment with the preferential PKC inhibitors GF 109203X or Gö 6983 blocked rapid (1-5-min) PKD activation induced by bombesin stimulation, but this inhibition was greatly diminished at later times of bombesin stimulation (e.g. 45 min). These results imply that GPCR-induced PKD activation is mediated by early PKC-dependent and late PKC-independent mechanisms. Western blot analysis with site-specific antibodies that detect the phosphorylated state of the activation loop residues Ser(744) and Ser(748) revealed striking PKC-independent phosphorylation of Ser(748) as well as Ser(744) phosphorylation that remained predominantly but not completely PKC-dependent at later times of bombesin or vasopressin stimulation (20-90 min). To determine the mechanisms involved, we examined activation loop phosphorylation in a set of PKD mutants, including kinase-deficient, constitutively activated, and PKD forms in which the activation loop residues were substituted for alanine. Our results show that PKC-dependent phosphorylation of the activation loop Ser(744) and Ser(748) is the primary mechanism involved in early phase PKD activation, whereas PKD autophosphorylation on Ser(748) is a major mechanism contributing to the late phase of PKD activation occurring in cells stimulated by GPCR agonists. The present studies identify a novel mechanism induced by GPCR activation that leads to late, PKC-independent PKD activation.
Processes in KaffeOS: isolation, resource management, and sharing in java (2000)

Single-language runtime systems, in the form of Java virtual machines, are widely deployed platforms for executing untrusted mobile code. These runtimes provide some of the features that operating systems provide: inter-application memory protection and basic system services. They do not, however, provide the ability to isolate applications from each other, or limit their resource consumption. This paper describes KaffeOS, a Java runtime system that provides these features. The KaffeOS architecture takes many lessons from operating system design, such as the use of a user/kernel boundary, and employs garbage collection techniques, such as write barriers.The KaffeOS architecture supports the OS abstraction of a process in a Java virtual machine. Each process executes as if it were run in its own virtual machine, including separate garbage collection of its own heap. The difficulty in designing KaffeOS lay in balancing the goals of isolation and resource management against the goal of allowing direct sharing of objects. Overall, KaffeOS is no more than 11% slower than the freely available JVM on which it is based, which is an acceptable penalty for the safety that it provides. Because of its implementation base, KaffeOS is substantially slower than commercial JVMs for trusted code, but it clearly outperforms those JVMs in the presence of denial-of-service attacks or misbehaving code.
ByLabel: A Boundary Based Semi-Automatic Image Annotation Tool (2018)

This paper presents a novel boundary based semiautomatic tool, ByLabel, for accurate image annotation. Given an image, ByLabel first detects its edge features and computes high quality boundary fragments. Current labeling tools require the human to accurately click on numerous boundary points. ByLabel simplifies this to just selecting among the boundary fragment proposals that ByLabel automatically generates. To evaluate the performance of By-Label, 10 volunteers, with no experiences of annotation, labeled both synthetic and real images. Compared to the commonly used tool LabelMe, ByLabel reduces image-clicks and time by 73% and 56% respectively, while improving the accuracy by 73% (from 1.1 pixel average boundary error to 0.3 pixel). The results show that our ByLabel outperforms the state-of-the-art annotation tool in terms of efficiency, accuracy and user experience. The tool is publicly available: http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~vis/ bylabel/.
<title>Texture discrimination using wavelets</title> (1991)

The quantification of the textural differences between regions and the classification of subregions by their texture is an important component of image analysis. Here we demonstrate that texture quantifiers based on the wavelet transform of an image are good discriminators of texture differences.
Whole blood tumor necrosis factor-α production and its relation to systemic concentrations of interleukin 4, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor-β1 in multiply injured blunt trauma victims (2000)

Whole blood hyporesponsiveness to endotoxin in multiply injured patients is caused by soluble serum factors systemically released after trauma, whereas the intrinsic leukocyte function appears unaffected. Inhibitory mediators other than IL-4, IL-10, or TGF-beta1 are supposed to be of major biological relevance for the posttraumatic regulation of leukocyte function. Characterization of the causative suppressive mediators is supposed as a prerequisite for the development of immunologically based therapeutic approaches in critically ill patients.
Characterization of the α-amylase Receptor of Streptococcus gordonii NCTC 7868 (1990)

The purpose of the work described here was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the binding of salivary alpha-amylase to Streptococcus gordonii NCTC 7868 (Challis). Of six types of alpha-amylase studied, only mammalian forms of the enzyme were found to bind to S. gordonii cells. Salivary alpha-amylase binding was inhibited by treatment of cells with trypsin and pronase, but not with pepsin or sodium periodate. Presence of starch, dextrin, or maltoheptaose partially inhibited binding of the enzyme to S. gordonii. Both mutanolysin extracts of cells and culture supernatants contained alpha-amylase-binding activity, which was partially purified by Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE-ion-exchange chromatography. Western blotting detected four putative receptor bands--65 kDa, 15 kDa, 12.5 kDa, and one with a very high molecular weight; the lower-molecular-weight components may be products of proteolytic degradation of the high-molecular-weight material, but their true relationship has yet to be determined. Pre-treatment of salivary alpha-amylase with these putative receptors partially inhibited subsequent binding of the enzyme to S. gordonii cells. When bound to cells, only 19% of the salivary alpha-amylase activity was detectable, suggesting that alpha-amylase binds to the receptor at or near the active site of the enzyme.
General specifications for silicon semiconductors for use in radiation dosimetry (1987)

Silicon semiconductor detectors used in radiation dosimetry have different properties, just as e.g. ionisation chambers, affecting the interaction of radiation with matter in the vicinity of the sensitive volume of the detector, e.g. wall materials, and also the collection of the charges liberated in the detector by the radiation. The charge collection depends on impurities, lattice imperfections and other properties of the semiconductor crystal. In this paper the relevant parameters of a silicon semiconductor detector intended for dosimetry are reviewed. The influence of doping material, doping level, various effects of radiation damage, mechanical construction, detector size, statistical noise and connection to the electrometer is discussed.
Decision Trees and Diagrams (1982)

Decision trees and diagrams (also known as sequential evaluation procedures) have widespread applications in databases, dec~smn table programming, concrete complexity theory, switching theory, pattern recognmon, and taxonomy--in short, wherever discrete functions must be evaluated sequentially. In this tutorial survey a common framework of defimtmns and notation is established, the contributions from the main fields of apphcatmn are reviewed, recent results and extensions are presented, and areas of ongoing and future research are discussed.
Transition Phase Classification and Prediction (2005)

Most programs are repetitive, where similar behavior can be seen at different execution times. Proposed on-line systems automatically group these similar intervals of execution into phases, where the intervals in a phase have homogeneous behavior and similar resource requirements. These systems are driven by algorithms that dynamically classify intervals of execution into phases and predict phase changes. In this paper, we examine several improvements to dynamic phase classification and prediction. The first improvement is to appropriately deal with phase transitions. This modification identifies phase transitions for what they are, instead of classifying them into a new phase, which increases phase prediction accuracy. We also describe an adaptive system that dynamically adjusts classification thresholds and splits phases with poor homogeneity. This modification increases the homogeneity of the hardware metrics across the intervals in each phase. We improve phase prediction accuracy by applying confidence to phase prediction, and we develop architectures that can accurately predict the outcome of the next phase change, and the length of the next phase.
Tracking in Low Frame Rate Video: A Cascade Particle Filter with Discriminative Observers of Different Life Spans (2008)

Tracking object in low frame rate video or with abrupt motion poses two main difficulties which most conventional tracking methods can hardly handle: 1) poor motion continuity and increased search space; 2) fast appearance variation of target and more background clutter due to increased search space. In this paper, we address the problem from a view which integrates conventional tracking and detection, and present a temporal probabilistic combination of discriminative observers of different lifespans. Each observer is learned from different ranges of samples, with different subsets of features, to achieve varying level of discriminative power at varying cost. An efficient fusion and temporal inference is then done by a cascade particle filter which consists of multiple stages of importance sampling. Experiments show significantly improved accuracy of the proposed approach in comparison with existing tracking methods, under the condition of low frame rate data and abrupt motion of both target and camera.
Beta Process Non-negative Matrix Factorization with Stochastic Structured Mean-Field Variational Inference (2014)

Beta process is the standard nonparametric Bayesian prior for latent factor model. In this paper, we derive a structured mean-field variational inference algorithm for a beta process non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) model with Poisson likelihood. Unlike the linear Gaussian model, which is well-studied in the nonparametric Bayesian literature, NMF model with beta process prior does not enjoy the conjugacy. We leverage the recently developed stochastic structured mean-field variational inference to relax the conjugacy constraint and restore the dependencies among the latent variables in the approximating variational distribution. Preliminary results on both synthetic and real examples demonstrate that the proposed inference algorithm can reasonably recover the hidden structure of the data.
An optimization neural network for smartphone data protection (2010)

Since the launch of iPhones in 2007, smartphones become very popular these days. Because of their small sizes and high mobility, smartphones are easily lost or stolen. When people lost their smartphones, they are worried the private data stored in the phones may be revealed to strangers. This research proposes a novel approach for mobile data protection. Mobile usage data is first collected and usage patterns are then discovered and saved. An optimization Hopfield neural network is proposed to match the usage data with the stored usage patterns. When an unusual usage pattern such as an unlawful user trying to access the mobile data is detected, the device will automatically lock itself down until a further action is taken. Experimental results show this method is effective and convenient for mobile data protection.
Animating multiple figures using a language interpreter (2002)

A high level animation language is being developed to allow programmers to specify movements within "obstacle-rich" environments. An environment is provided in which the user can describe the behaviour of multiple walking figures. The objective is to explore and incorporate into the system, several algorithms for route planning so that, movements can be specified by merely giving the final position as a goal. The authors present some of the details of the language system that has been built and the implementation of a route finding algorithm which was incorporated into the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A clean and simple method for deprotection of phosphines from borane complexes (2017)

Abstract Simple, efficient, clean, and stereospecific protocols of protection of phosphorus atom with borane and deprotection from the borane complexes of the tertiary phosphines in mild conditions are reported. The proposed protection/deprotection reactions tolerate a range of functional groups and lead to pure products with excellent yield with no need for application of chromatographic or crystallisation purification procedures. For the first time mechanisms of the reactions of phosphine protection and deprotection have been studied based on experimental kinetic data as well as quantumchemical calculations, which allows designing reaction conditions suitable for a given substrate.
AlphaSum: Size-Constrained Table Summarization using (2009)

Consider a scientist who wants to explore multiple data sets to select the relevant ones for further analysis. Since the vi- sualization real estate may put a stringent constraint on how much detail can be presented to this user in a single page, ef- fective table summarization techniques are needed to create summaries that are both sufficiently small and effective in communicating the available content. In this paper, we first argue that table summarization can benefit from knowledge about acceptable value clustering alternatives for clustering the values in the database. We formulate the problem of table summarization with the help of value lattices. We then provide a framework to express alternative clustering strategies and to account for various utility measures (such as information loss) in assessing different summarization al- ternatives. Based on this interpretation, we introduce three preference criteria, max-min-util (cautious), max-sum-util (cumulative), and pareto-util, for the problem of table sum- marization. To tackle with the inherent complexity, we rely on the properties of the fuzzy interpretation to further de- velop a novel ranked set cover based evaluation mechanism (RSC). These are brought together in an AlphaSum, table summarization system. Experimental evaluations showed that RSC improves both execution times and the summary qualities in AlphaSum, by pruning the search space more effectively than the existing solutions.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dihydroamination of Allenes with <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Disubstituted Ureas To Form Bicyclic Imidazolidin-2-ones (2009)

Reaction of N-delta-allenyl urea 1 with a catalytic 1:1 mixture of gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex (5)AuCl [5 = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidine] and AgPF(6) at room temperature for 2 h led to isolation of bicyclic imidazolidin-2-one 4 in 93% yield with >or=98% diastereomeric purity. Gold-catalyzed dihydroamination was effective for a number of N-delta- and N-gamma-allenyl ureas to form the corresponding bicyclic imidazolidin-2-ones in good yield with high diastereoselectivity.
Characterization of candidate adenovirus 37 by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virion pplypeptides and DNA restriction site mapping (1981)

A new human adenovirus has been isolated from patients with keratoconjunctivitis and/or genital infection since 1976. This adenovirus, designed candidate adenovirus 37 (Ad 37) is serologically distinct but related to Ad 10, 13, 19, and 30 (see the accompanying paper by de Jong et al). SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Ad 37 virion polypeptides showed that this adenovirus is a member of subgroup D. DNA restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from Ad 37 and related serotypes belonging to subgroup D showed that Ad 37 is a new genome type belonging to subgroup D but clearly distinct from the 20 serotypes classified into this subgroup.
Clinical activity and safety of Pembrolizumab in Ipilimumab pre-treated patients with uveal melanoma (2016)

Pembrolizumab 2mg/kg q3w is a safe option in UM patients. Disease control rates, particularly in the subgroup of patients without progressive liver disease at the outset are promising; these results merit further investigation in clinical trials possibly incorporating liver targeted treatment modalities.
Plasmons in nanoscale and atomic-scale systems (2010)

Plasmons in metallic nanomaterials exhibit very strong size and shape effects, and thus have recently gained considerable attention in nanotechnology, information technology, and life science. In this review, we overview the fundamental properties of plasmons in materials with various dimensionalities and discuss the optical functional properties of localized plasmon polaritons in nanometer-scale to atomic-scale objects. First, the pioneering works on plasmons by electron energy loss spectroscopy are briefly surveyed. Then, we discuss the effects of atomistic charge dynamics on the dispersion relation of propagating plasmon modes, such as those for planar crystal surface, atomic sheets and straight atomic wires. Finally, standing-wave plasmons, or antenna resonances of plasmon polariton, of some widely used nanometer-scale structures and atomic-scale wires (the smallest possible plasmonic building blocks) are exemplified along with their applications.
Interaction between Histidine and Zn(II) Metal Ions over a Wide pH as Revealed by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations (2013)

The interactions between histidine and metal species play essential roles in a wide range of important biological processes including enzymes catalysis and signal transduction. In this work, solid-state NMR techniques were employed to determine the interaction between histidine and Zn(II) from pH 3.5 to 14. 2D homo- and heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments were utilized to extract the (1)H, (13)C, and (15)N chemical shifts in various histidine-Zn(II) binding complexes. Several histidine-Zn(II) binding models were proposed on the basis of experimental results as well as DFT theoretical calculations. No direct interaction could be found between biprotonated histidine and Zn(II) at acidic pH. At pH 7.5, one zinc ion could be hexa-coordinated with two histidine molecules on C', Nα and deprotonated Nδ1 sites. As the pH increases to 11-14, both of the Nδ1 and Nε2 sites could be deprotonated as acceptors to be bound to either Zn(II) or water. All of these findings give a comprehensive set of benchmark values for NMR parameters and structural geometries in variable histidine-Zn(II) binding complexes over a wide pH range and might provide insights into the structure-property relationship of histidine-metal complexes in biological metalloproteins.
Reduction of Induced Drag Using Wing Tip Propeller (2017)

Winglets are used to reduce the induced drag.. This paper propose an idea of using a propeller at the wing tip. The propeller is mounted in such a way that the blade tip is quite near to the wing tip. The rotation of the propeller induces two kinds of velocities namely an axial velocity and the rotational component of velocity. This rotational component does not allow the flow to curl upwards as it cancels it on the same plane of the wing and the axial component produces some thrust leading to a decrease in fuel consumption and indirectly better performance. The project aims to study the amount of reduction of the induced drag by experimental analysis in the wind tunnel. The results shows the increase in aerodynamic efficiency by using the propeller at the wing tip.
Comparative Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATOC and <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors (2013)

The effective dose for a typical 100-MBq administration of (68)Ga-DOTATATE and (68)Ga-DOTATOC is 2.1 mSv for both tracers. Therefore, from a radiation dosimetry point of view, there is no preference for either tracer for PET/CT evaluation of somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors.