gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct potentiometric determination of chloride ion in whole blood (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect potentiometric determination of chloride ion in whole bloodSyotaro. Oka, Yaichiro. Sibazaki, and Shu. TaharaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 4, 588–593Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00227a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00227a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of phenol- and p-cresol-producing intestinal bacteria by using media supplemented with tyrosine and its metabolites (2018)

To identify intestinal bacteria that produce phenols (phenol and p-cresol), we screened 153 strains within 152 species in 44 genera by culture-based assay using broth media supplemented with 200 µM each of tyrosine and its predicted microbial metabolic intermediates (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, DL-4-hydroxyphenyllactate, 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and 4-hydroxybenzoate). Phenol-producing activity was found in 36 strains and p-cresol-producing activity in 55 strains. Sixteen strains had both types of activity. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains that produced 100 µM or more of phenols revealed that 16 phenol producers belonged to the Coriobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae and Clostridium clusters I and XIVa; four p-cresol-producing bacteria belonged to the Coriobacteriaceae and Clostridium clusters XI and XIVa; and one strain producing both belonged to the Coriobacteriaceae. A genomic search for protein homologs of enzymes involved in the metabolism of tyrosine to phenols in 10 phenol producers and four p-cresol producers, the draft genomes of which were available in public databases, predicted that phenol producers harbored tyrosine phenol-lyase or hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylase, or both, and p-cresol producers harbored p-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase or tyrosine lyase, or both. These results provide important information about the bacterial strains that contribute to production of phenols in the intestine.
A quadrotor sensor platform (2008)

A quadrotor sensor platform capable of lifting a ten pound payload is presented.Platform stabilization is accomplished using classical control methodology and is implemented on a field programmable gate array.The flight control system relies on attitude information derived using a technique that circumvents the electromagnetic susceptibility of the inertial unit while minimizing the propagation of errors.This dissertation develops models for the high-power brushless motors.In particular, the rotational losses as a function of motor speed and the operational characteristics of the electronic speed controller are considered.Furthermore, losses within the batteries are found to dominate the power budget at planned operating speeds.Based on the models, a graphical method of predicting sortie duration is presented.An incremental build-up approach is applied, leading to a successful flight test program.This platform represents a threefold increase in payload capacity for quadrotor platforms and is the largest unmanned quadrotor to successfully fly without tethers.
Bioinspired designs impart robots with unique capabilities (2019)

Purpose This paper aims to provide an insight into robot developments that use bioinspired design concepts. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction to biomimetics, this paper first provides examples of bioinspired terrestrial, aerial and underwater robot navigation techniques. It then discusses bioinspired locomotion and considers a selection of robotic products and developments inspired by snakes, bats, diving birds, fish and dragonflies. Finally, brief concluding comments are drawn. Findings The application of design concepts that mimic the capabilities and processes found in living creatures can impart robots with unique abilities. Bioinspired techniques used by insects and other organisms, notably optic flow and sunlight polarisation sensing, allow robots to navigate without the need for methods such as simultaneous localisation and mapping, GPS or inertial measurement units. Bioinspired locomotion techniques have yielded robots capable of operating in water, air and on land and in some cases, making the transition between different media. Originality/value This shows how bioinspired design concepts can impart robots with innovative and enhanced navigation and locomotion capabilities.
Superadiabatic Combustion in Porous Media: Wave Propagation, Instabilities, New Type of Chemical Reactor (1995)

This paper discusses theoretical and experimental results of filtration combustion of methane, hydrogen, and acetylene in porous media. Two general cases were studied: linear propagation of a slow, thermal combustion wave during fast fuel filtration, and a reverse unsteady-state combustion process, when the fuel flow direction is periodically switched from one end to the other. The intensive heat transfer between the heat releasing filtrating gas and the high thermal capacity, porous medium (through the highly developed internal solid surface) results in energy accumulation in the solid body and in the so called superadiabatic effect, when gas temperatures in the porous combustor can significantly exceed the adiabatic temperature of a feeding gas fuel. It was found that in such a superadiabatic combustor (SAC): (1) a very fuel lean gas mixture (e.g. very small concentration of CH4, C2H2, or H2 in air) can be burned, and (2) conversely even a very small amount of oxygen in such gas fuels as CH4 or H2S can support a combustion process associated with the high temperature pyrolysis, hydrogen production and hydrocarbon or hydrogen sulfide partial oxidation. The physical phenomena of superadiabatic combustion examined included: superadiabatic (SAC) wave propagation, SAC-wave velocity dependence on fuel concentration and gas flow rate, gasdynamic and kinetic thermodiffusion instabilities of SAC-waves, and cellular and double wave structures occurring as a result of the overheating instabilities. Possible SAC applications are discussed. These include: applications in chemistry and energy systems (particularly for a lean gas fuel burning), partial oxidation of very fuel rich gas mixtures, hydrogen production from fossil fuels, and applications for environmental control, in particular for air purification of volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Trade-off between traffic overhead and reliability in multipath routing for wireless sensor networks (2004)

In wireless sensor networks (WSN) data produced by one or more sources usually has to be routed through several intermediate nodes to reach the destination. Problems arise when intermediate nodes to reach the destination. Problems arise when intermediate nodes fail to forward the incoming messages. The reliability of the system can be increased by providing several paths from source to destination and sending the same packet through each of them (the algorithm is known as multipath routing). Using this technique, the traffic increases significantly. In this paper, we analyze a new mechanism that enables the trade-off between the amount of traffic and the reliability. The data packet is split in k subpackets (k = number of disjoined paths from source to destination). If only E/sub k/ subpackets (E/sub k/ < k) are necessary to rebuild the original data packet (condition obtained by adding redundancy to each subpacket), then the trade-off between traffic and reliability can be controlled.
Robust task-based control policies for physics-based characters (2009)

We present a method for precomputing robust task-based control policies for physically simulated characters. This allows for characters that can demonstrate skill and purpose in completing a given task, such as walking to a target location, while physically interacting with the environment in significant ways. As input, the method assumes an abstract action vocabulary consisting of balance-aware, step-based controllers. A novel constrained state exploration phase is first used to define a character dynamics model as well as a finite volume of character states over which the control policy will be defined. An optimized control policy is then computed using reinforcement learning. The final policy spans the cross-product of the character state and task state, and is more robust than the conrollers it is constructed from. We demonstrate real-time results for six locomotion-based tasks and on three highly-varied bipedal characters. We further provide a game-scenario demonstration.
PredictionIO (2013)

One of the biggest challenges for software developers to build real-world predictive applications with machine learning is the steep learning curve of data processing frameworks, learning algorithms and scalable system infrastructure. We present PredictionIO, an open source machine learning server that comes with a step-by-step graphical user interface for developers to (i) evaluate, compare and deploy scalable learning algorithms, (ii) tune hyperparameters of algorithms manually or automatically and (iii) evaluate model training status. The system also comes with an Application Programming Interface (API) to communicate with software applications for data collection and prediction retrieval. The whole infrastructure of PredictionIO is horizontally scalable with a distributed computing component based on Hadoop. The demonstration shows a live example and workflows of building real-world predictive applications with the graphical user interface of PredictionIO, from data collection, algorithm tuning and selection, model training and re-training to real-time prediction querying.
Extra- and Intracellular Transport of Retinoids: A Reappraisal (1996)

Retinoids are a family of compounds including retinol (ROL; vitamin A) and ROL derivatives that exert a powerful control over cell differentiation. Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific blood carrier transporting ROL, the precursor of the retinoic acid (RA) hormone, to target tissues. Recently, it was reported that, in addition to the native RBP, two truncated forms of RBP, RBP1 and RBP2, are also present in normal serum. RBP2, the form which has lost the two N-terminal Leu is dramatically increased in serum of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) whereas this form is very low in normal serum. There is strong evidence that RBP2 is formed in vitamin A target tissues, and that after its release into blood circulation, it is cleared by the kidney in healthy people but accumulates in the serum of CRF patients. It appears that RBP2 may play an important physiological role in ROL transport and recycling. Within the cell, two cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRABP-I and -II) and a ROL-binding protein (CRBP-I) regulate the levels of free RA and ROL. The expression of these retinoid-binding proteins in a given tissue may reflect the extent of retinoid metabolism. The most intense traffic of retinoids was found in differentiating keratinocytes, whereas nondifferentiated keratinocytes showed very low activities, suggesting that retinoids control cell differentiation in keratinocytes committed to differentiate. Moreover, these data indicate that normal function of epidermis requires precise amounts of CRABP-I and -II that a dysregulation of these carriers can alter keratinocyte differentiation by inducing inadequate intracellular levels of RA.
Treatment of Bcr/Abl-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in P190 transgenic mice with the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 (2001)

The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is found in approximately 3% of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the percentage markedly increases in adult patients. The prognosis for this class of patients is poor, and no standard chemotherapy combination so far has demonstrated long-term efficacy. The Ph-translocation joins the BCR and ABL genes and leads to expression of a chimeric Bcr/Abl protein with enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. This increase in activity leads to malignant transformation by interference with basic cellular functions such as the control of proliferation, adherence to stroma and extracellular matrix, and apoptosis. One important pathway activated by Bcr/Abl is the Ras pathway. Ras proteins have to undergo a series of posttranslational modifications to become biologically active. The first modification is the farnesylation of the C-terminus catalyzed by farnesyl transferase. We studied the effect of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 in an in vivo murine model of Bcr/Abl-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the early leukemic phase, mice were randomly assigned to a treatment, a vehicle, and a nontreatment group. The treatment was well tolerated without any detectable side effects. All animals of the control groups died of leukemia/lymphoma within 103 days (range, 18-103 days). In contrast, 80% of the drug-receiving group survived without any signs of leukemia or lymphoma until termination of treatment, after a median treatment period of 200 days (range, 179-232 days). We conclude that farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 is able to revert early signs of leukemia and significantly prolongs survival in a murine ALL model.
From mTOR to cognition: molecular and cellular mechanisms of cognitive impairments in tuberous sclerosis (2009)

Results suggest that reversing the underlying molecular deficits of TSC with rapamycin or other mTOR inhibitors could result in clinically significant improvements of cognitive function and neurological symptoms, even if treatments are started in adulthood.
From raw audio to a seamless mix: creating an automated DJ system for Drum and Bass (2018)

We present the open-source implementation of the first fully automatic and comprehensive DJ system, able to generate seamless music mixes using songs from a given library much like a human DJ does. The proposed system is built on top of several enhanced music information retrieval (MIR) techniques, such as for beat tracking, downbeat tracking, and structural segmentation, to obtain an understanding of the musical structure. Leveraging the understanding of the music tracks offered by these state-of-the-art MIR techniques, the proposed system surpasses existing automatic DJ systems both in accuracy and completeness. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first fully integrated solution that takes all basic DJing best practices into account, from beat and downbeat matching to identification of suitable cue points, determining a suitable cross-fade profile and compiling an interesting playlist that trades off innovation with continuity. To make this possible, we focused on one specific sub-genre of electronic dance music, namely Drum and Bass. This allowed us to exploit genre-specific properties, resulting in a more robust performance and tailored mixing behavior. Evaluation on a corpus of 160 Drum and Bass songs and an additional hold-out set of 220 songs shows that the used MIR algorithms can annotate 91% of the songs with fully correct annotations (tempo, beats, downbeats, and structure for cue points). On these songs, the proposed song selection process and the implemented DJing techniques enable the system to generate mixes of high quality, as confirmed by a subjective user test in which 18 Drum and Bass fans participated.
A terahertz radiation detection system design and device modeling (2003)

Application of a formulation containing either a single ceramide or two ceramides and a fatty acid on regenerating SC, resulted in a denser lateral lipid packing of the SC lipids in compromised skin. The strongest effect was observed after application of a formulation containing a single ceramide.
Effect of Dispersed Particle Size on Mechanical Properties of Alumina/Non-Oxides Composites (1993)

Alumina with SiC or TiC particles was hot-pressed at 1500°C for 2h in N2 under a pressure of 40MPa, and the effect of the size and volume fraction of dispersed particles on mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. Compared with monolithic alumina, the flexural strength of both composites increased when the dispersed particle size was small. The fracture toughness of Al2O3/SiC composites increased with a decrease in particle size. However, a maximum fracture toughness was observed for Al2O3/TiC composites when the particle size was 4-6μm. These results are explained as follows. The increase in fracture toughness is caused by microcracks originated by thermal expansion mismatch between the matrix and the dispersed particle. In the case where the thermal expansion mismatch and the size of dispersion particles are both large, cracks develop spontaneously during cooling, releasing thermal stress, and thus hindering the operation of the microcracking mechanism that would increase the fracture toughness of the composites. It is concluded that each system has a suitable size of dispersed particles. On the other hand, the increase in strength is caused by the increase in fracture toughness and by the decrease in the length of pre-existing flaws due to suppression of abnormal grain growth of the matrix.
Genetic evaluation of female fertility in non-Holstein cows in the UK (2007)

The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of using nationally recorded data for calving, insemination and milk information to produce fertility genetic evaluations for non-Holstein breeds of dairy cows. Data and pedigree were extracted for first lactation Ayrshire (AYR), Guernsey (GUE) and Jersey (JER) cows from national milk recording organisation databases. After data validation, almost 25,000 individual first lactation AYR cow records were shown to have a mean calving interval of 395 days and an average of 1.61 inseminations per calving. Over 23,000 GUE cow records were shown to have a mean first calving interval of 395.5 days and an average of 1.77 inseminations per calving. Over 41,500 first lactation JER cow records were shown to have a mean calving interval of 389 days and an average of 1.65 inseminations per calving. Initial genetic evaluations showed that there is wide genetic variation, and therefore scope for selection, in fertility traits in all three breeds. There was a genetic decline in fertility seen in some breeds, equating to 38p per cow per year in the AYR breed, 40p in the GUE breed and 28p per cow per year in the Jersey breed. These costs are cumulative and include only the fertility management costs and not the associated culling costs. This study shows that routine extraction and genetic evaluation of female fertility in non-Holstein dairy cows is possible and will allow the breeds to include fertility in their future selection decisions.
Role of NADPH Oxidase in the Vascular Hypertrophic and Oxidative Stress Response to Angiotensin II in Mice (2001)

Oxygen-derived free radicals are involved in the vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II), but the role of NADPH oxidase, its subunit proteins, and their vascular localization remain controversial. Our purpose was to address the role of NADPH oxidase in the blood pressure (BP), aortic hypertrophic, and oxidant responses to Ang II by taking advantage of knockout (KO) mice that are genetically deficient in gp91(phox), an NADPH oxidase subunit protein. The baseline BP was significantly lower in KO mice than in wild-type (WT) (92+/-2 [KO] versus 101+/-1 [WT] mm Hg, P<0.01), but infusion of Ang II for 6 days caused similar increases in BP in the 2 strains (33+/-4 [KO] versus 38+/-2 [WT] mm Hg, P>0.4). Ang II increased aortic superoxide anion production 2-fold in the aorta of WT mice but did not do so in KO mice. Aortic medial area increased in WT (0.12+/-0.02 to 0.17+/-0.02 mm(2), P<0.05), but did not do so in KO mice (0.10+/-0.01 to 0.11+/-0.01 mm(2), P>0.05). Histochemistry and polymerase chain reaction demonstrated gp91(phox) localized in endothelium and adventitia of WT mice. Levels of reactive oxidant species as indicated by 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity increased in these regions in WT but not in KO mouse aorta in response to Ang II. These results indicate an essential role in vivo of gp91(phox) and NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion in the regulation of basal BP and a pressure-independent vascular hypertrophic and oxidant stress response to Ang II.
Antitumor activity of the combination of an HSP90 inhibitor and a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor against cholangiocarcinoma (2014)

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is overactivated and heat shock protein (HSP) 90 is overexpressed in common cancers. We hypothesized that targeting both pathways can kill intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. HSP90 and PTEN protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of samples from 78 patients with intrahepatic CCA. CCA cell lines and a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced CCA animal model were treated with NVP-AUY922 (an HSP90 inhibitor) and NVP-BEZ235 (a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) alone or in combination. Both HSP90 overexpression and loss of PTEN were poor prognostic factors in patients with intrahepatic CCA. The combination of the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 and the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 was synergistic in inducing cell death in CCA cells. A combination of NVP-AUY922 and NVP-BEZ235 caused tumor regression in CCA rat animal model. This combination not only inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway but also induced ROS, which may exacerbate the vicious cycle of ER stress. Our data suggest simultaneous targeting of the PI3K/mTOR and HSP pathways for CCA treatment.
Nanoscale tailor-made membranes for precise and rapid molecular sieve separation (2017)

The precise and rapid separation of different molecules from aqueous, organic solutions and gas mixtures is critical to many technologies in the context of resource-saving and sustainable development. The strength of membrane-based technologies is well recognized and they are extensively applied as cost-effective, highly efficient separation techniques. Currently, empirical-based approaches, lacking an accurate nanoscale control, are used to prepare the most advanced membranes. In contrast, nanoscale control renders the membrane molecular specificity (sub-2 nm) necessary for efficient and rapid molecular separation. Therefore, as a growing trend in membrane technology, the field of nanoscale tailor-made membranes is highlighted in this review. An in-depth analysis of the latest advances in tailor-made membranes for precise and rapid molecule sieving is given, along with an outlook to future perspectives of such membranes. Special attention is paid to the established processing strategies, as well as the application of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in nanoporous membrane design. This review will provide useful guidelines for future research in the development of nanoscale tailor-made membranes with a precise and rapid molecular sieve separation property.