gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccination‐Induced Circulation of Human B Cells Secreting Type‐Specific Antibodies against Pneumococcal Polysaccharides (1987)

Indirect plaque-forming cell assays detecting B cells secreting antibodies against capsular pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) antigens are described. In healthy adult volunteers the total number of B cells secreting IgM antibodies against the antigens in a polyvalent PPS vaccine reached a maximum in the blood 6 days after in vivo immunization (mean: 552/10(6) mononuclear cells), whereas the highest concentration of IgG and IgA antibody-secreting cells (SC) were detected 7 days after immunization (means: 628 and 1691/10(6]. B cells secreting antibodies to PPS type 3 (PPS3), PPS8, PPS18C and C-polysaccharide (CPS)--a cell wall antigen common to all pneumococci--constituted 9%, 16%, 6% and 5% (means) of the total number of antibody SC respectively. While the majority of the anti-PPS-SC secreted IgA antibodies, the anti-CPS-SC almost exclusively secreted IgG. Pre-vaccination concentrations of anti-PPS were generally low in contrast to antibodies against CPS, which were present in high concentrations in all individuals. The discrepancy in the Ig class of the antibody SC is probably related to the difference in the pre-vaccination immunity against PPS and CPS.
Developing a Model for Trust Management in Pervasive Devices (2006)

Pervasive devices interacting in open and dynamic spaces with each others require a mechanism that allows them acting autonomously in a secure way and protecting their resources. Trust is fundamental to establish communication with other users, because the identity is often uncertain and on one's own does not provide trust information, for instance, could an unknown user be trustworthy? Nowadays, these devices have a so limited security support. So, we propose a simple trust management model to enhance such support, allowing them interact in ad hoc networks and peer-to-peer applications in a secure way. In this paper, our main contribution is a mathematical and a probabilistic model, as well as demonstrating the model feasibility, since it has been assessed through the prototype implementation, which has been tested in a Pocket PC
Multimodal integration for the representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex (1997)

The posterior parietal cortex has long been considered an 'association' area that combines information from different sensory modalities to form a cognitive representation of space. However, until recently little has been known about the neural mechanisms responsible for this important cognitive process. Recent experiments from the author's laboratory indicate that visual, somatosensory, auditory and vestibular signals are combined in areas LIP and 7a of the posterior parietal cortex. The integration of these signals can represent the locations of stimuli with respect to the observer and within the environment. Area MSTd combines visual motion signals, similar to those generated during an observer's movement through the environment, with eye-movement and vestibular signals. This integration appears to play a role in specifying the path on which the observer is moving. All three cortical areas combine different modalities into common spatial frames by using a gain-field mechanism. The spatial representations in areas LIP and 7a appear to be important for specifying the locations of targets for actions such as eye movements or reaching; the spatial representation within area MSTd appears to be important for navigation and the perceptual stability of motion signals.
Control of flower development in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> by <i>APETALA1</i> and interacting genes (1993)

ABSTRACT Mutations in the APETALA1 gene disturb two phases of flower development, flower meristem specification and floral organ specification. These effects become manifest as a partial conversion of flowers into inflorescence shoots and a disruption of sepal and petal development. We describe the changes in an allelic series of nine apetala1 mutants and show that the two functions of APETALA1 are separable. We have also studied the interaction between APETALA1 and other floral genes by examining the phenotypes of multiply mutant plants and by in situ hybridization using probes for several floral control genes. The results suggest that the products of APETALA1 and another gene, LEAFY, are required to ensure that primordia arising on the flanks of the inflorescence apex adopt a floral fate, as opposed to becoming an inflorescence shoot. APETALA1 and LEAFY have distinct as well as overlapping functions and they appear to reinforce each other’s action. CAU - LIFLOWER is a newly discovered gene which positively regulates both APETALA1 and LEAFY expression. All functions of CAULIFLOWER are redundant with those of APETALA1. APETALA2 also has an early function in reinforcing the action of APETALA1 and LEAFY, especially if the activity of either is compromised by mutation. After the identity of a flower primordium is specified, APETALA1 interacts with APETALA2 in controlling the development of the outer two whorls of floral organs.
Vector median filters (1990)

Two nonlinear algorithms for processing vector-valued signals are introduced. The algorithms, called vector median operations, are derived from two multidimensional probability density functions using the maximum-likelihood-estimate approach. The underlying probability densities are exponential, and the resulting operations have properties very similar to those of the median filter. In the vector median approach, the samples of the vector-valued input signal are processed as vectors. The operation inherently utilizes the correlation between the signal components, giving the filters some desirable properties. General properties as well as the root signals of the vector median filters are studied. The vector median operation is combined with linear filtering, resulting in filters with improved noise attenuation and filters with very good edge response. An efficient algorithm for implementing long vector median filters is presented. The noise attenuation of the filters is discussed, and an application to velocity filtering is shown.
A packet video system using the dynamic time division multiplexing technique (2003)

A packet transmission system carrying a DS-3 rate, NTSC-quality digital video signal has been prototyped and demonstrated successfully. Fixed-bit-rate video signals are transported in packet form using dynamic time division multiplexing (DTDM). A packet assembler integrates the transmit terminals' information into a basic DTDM data stream suitable for application to a broadband ISDN (integrated services digital network). A packet disassembler distributes the incoming data to the proper receive terminals. The flexible and modular architecture of both packet assembler and disassembler allows service equipment to be physically remoted and provides easy expansion or reconfiguration of the service channels in the future. A digital phase-locked loop was designed to null the frequency difference between the receiver clock and that of the transmitter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robot introduction to cleaning work in the East Japan Railway Company (1995)

Cleaning of rolling stock and stations is very important work in supplying comfortable service to customers. However, there are some problems with cleaning work, e.g. lack of workers who are getting older. To improve these problems, the East Japan Railway has developed several kinds of robots for cleaning. Here, I explain four types of floor cleaning robots. The first is a dust-collecting robot (the sweeper-type robot) for corners of station floors, the second is a cleaning robot (the scrubber-type robot) for use throughout a station and the third is a floor cleaning robot for commuter rail cars, all of which are self-propelled. The last one is a bonnet cleaning robot for Shinkansen rolling stock which has special axis mechanisms and a running mechanism.
Evanescent wave coupling of whispering gallery modes of a dielectric cylinder (1993)

By developing a direct correspondence between a given whispering gallery mode of a dielectric cylinder and a mode of an equivalent waveguide ring resonator, the evanescent wave coupling characteristics of such modes can be simply modelled. This also allows the conditions for resonant excitation of a single whispering gallery mode to be determined. The model needs a coupled mode theory which accurately describes the coupling between a straight waveguide and a curved waveguide to be developed. This theory is checked against BPM results.
Electrochemical Detection of Protein Using a Double Aptamer Sandwich (2004)

Abstract We have developed an electrochemical sensor system for protein detection using two different antithrombin aptamers that recognize different parts of the target protein. In this case, thrombin was detected using a sandwich format comprised of a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)‐labeled antithrombin aptamer and another aptamer that was immobilized onto the gold electrode for capturing the thrombin onto it. The electric current generated by the GDH when glucose was added was measured, and 1 µM of thrombin was detected selectively. Keywords: ThrombinAptamerSandwich systemElectrochemical detection
Genetic downregulation of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) by bikunin reduces IGF‐I‐dependent Akt and ERK1/2 activation and subsequently reduces ovarian cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis (2004)

A Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, bikunin, downregulates expression of uPA and its receptor uPAR at the mRNA and protein levels in several types of tumor cells. Our recent work showed that, using a cDNA microarray analysis, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a candidate bikunin target gene. To clarify how reduced levels of PAPP-A may confer repressed invasiveness, we transfected human ovarian cancer cell line HRA with antisense (AS)-PAPP-A cDNA and compared the properties of the transfected cells to those of parental HRA cells. Here, we show that regulation of uPA mRNA and protein by IGF-I depends on the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 is required for IGF-I-mediated cell invasion; that IGFBP-4 protease in HRA cells is identified as PAPP-A; that reduced PAPP-A expression is associated with the upregulation of IGFBP-4 expression; that higher intact IGFBP-4 levels were associated with low invasive potential and growth rate in AS-PAPP-A cells in response to IGF-I; that IGF-I stimulates Akt and ERK1/2 activation of both the control and antisense cells, but the relative potency and efficacy of IGF-I were lower in the antisense cells compared to the control; and that genetic downregulation of PAPP-A reduces the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HRA cells. In conclusion, our data identify a novel role for PAPP-A as a bikunin target gene. IGF-I-induced IGFBP-4 proteolysis by PAPP-A may enhance cell growth and invasion through IGF-I-dependent Akt and ERK1/2 activation and subsequently upregulation of uPA.
Angiostatin: A Circulating Endothelial Cell Inhibitor That Suppresses Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth (1994)

A central problem in tumor growth is how tumor cells switch to the angiogenic phenotype. Virtually all solid tumors are angiogenic and neovascularized by the time they are detectable in animals and humans. However, at the time they originate, spontaneously arising tumor cells are not usually angiogenic (Folkman et al. 1989). Tumors formed by these cells are of small volumes limited to a few cubic millimeters and restricted to an existence in this in situ stage for months or years. Further expansion of such a tumor depends on its induction of new capillary blood vessels that converge toward the tumor. This switch to angiogenesis is usually accomplished by a subset of tumor cells within the in situ lesion. The new microvessels that are recruited provide a neovascular meshwork which supports the growth, and facilitates invasion and metastasis of the rapidly expanding tumor...
A Clinical Analysis of Prognostic Parameters of Survival in Children with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (2005)

The postoperative prognosis of CDH infants does not depend only on pulmonary hypoplasia, but also on other factors including the magnitude of abdominal visceral herniation. In this series of patients, the most reliable prognostic predictor was a clinical index reflecting the degree of both pulmonary hypoplasia and diaphragmatic maldevelopment.
Patterned, photon-driven cryoetching of GaAs and AlGaAs (1995)

We present a high-resolution, damage-free etching technique for GaAs and related compound semiconductors which utilizes surface-specific photochemistry at 193 nm to excite a physisorbed layer of Cl2 on a cryogenically cooled (∼140 K) sample. Etch rates as high as 0.25 Å/pulse (corresponding to 0.09 μm/min) have been achieved. Etching is anisotropic, and etched features of 0.2–0.3 μm linewidth have been routinely obtained. The etch rate has been characterized as a function of several ‘‘system’’ parameters including Cl2-partial pressure, substrate-temperature, laser repetition rate and fluence, and the addition of rare gases. A phenomenological model of this cryoetching has been developed which agrees well with the experimental data. The etch damage and contamination have been studied with Auger electron spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and Schottky-barrier measurements. All results indicate that there is minimal if any damage induced by the cryoetching process.
Using Galaxy to Perform Large‐Scale Interactive Data Analyses (2012)

Abstract Innovations in biomedical research technologies continue to provide experimental biologists with novel and increasingly large genomic and high‐throughput data resources to be analyzed. As creating and obtaining data has become easier, the key decision faced by many researchers is a practical one: where and how should an analysis be performed? Datasets are large and analysis tool set‐up and use is riddled with complexities outside of the scope of core research activities. The authors believe that Galaxy provides a powerful solution that simplifies data acquisition and analysis in an intuitive Web application, granting all researchers access to key informatics tools previously only available to computational specialists working in Unix‐based environments. We will demonstrate through a series of biomedically relevant protocols how Galaxy specifically brings together (1) data retrieval from public and private sources, for example, UCSC's Eukaryote and Microbial Genome Browsers, (2) custom tools (wrapped Unix functions, format standardization/conversions, interval operations), and 3rd‐party analysis tools. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform . 38:10.5.1‐10.5.47. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[Analysis of the efficacy of Twin-block appliance on maxillofacial growth of six pairs of monozygotic twins]. (2005)

Twin-block appliance can stimulate forward mandibular growth and cause forward mandibular displacement, but has little effect on ramus height and maxillary growth.
Stem cell and tissue engineering in breast reconstruction. (2014)

Breast cancer worldwide is the most common cancer in women with incidence rate varying from geographic areas. Guidelines for management of breast cancer have been largely established and widely used. Mastectomy is one of the surgical procedures used treating breast cancer. Optionally, after mastectomy, appropriately selected patients could undergo breast reconstruction to create their breast contour. Many techniques have been used for breast reconstructive surgery, mainly implant-based and autologous tissue reconstruction. Even with highly-experienced surgeon and good-quality breast and autologous substitute tissue, still there could be unfilled defect after mastectomy with reconstruction. Stem cell, in particular, adipose-derived stem cell residing within fat tissue, could be used to fill the imperfection providing optimal breast shape and natural feeling of fat tissue. However, whether surgical reconstruction alone or in combination with stem cell and tissue engineering approach be used, the ultimate outcomes are patient safety first and satisfaction second.
Restriction fragment profiles of genome segment A of infectious bursal disease virus correlate with serotype and geographical origin of avibirnaviruses (1996)

Previous analyses of the two serotypes of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) have demonstrated the correlation between antigenicity and similarities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the VP2 coding region in genome segment A. Restriction fragment profiles of genomic segment A cDNA of five IBDV isolates (QC-2 and QT-1 of serotype 1, SK9, and Nos. 39 and 52 of serotype 2) were determined in order to establish the genetic relationship of these viruses to other avibirnaviruses. The restriction fragment profiles using three of seven restriction enzymes (Sad which cuts in the VP2 region, DraIII which cuts in the VP3 region, and EcoRI which cuts in the VP4 region) were used to place QC-2, QT-1, SK9, No. 39, and No. 52 within the phylogenetic tree among seven other avibirnaviruses of known sequence. The two IBDV serotypes corresponded to two genotypes on the basis of the presence or absence of the SacI restriction site. The serotype 1 cluster of strains was further differentiated into five minor clusters on the basis of the PstI, EcoRI, BamHI, HindIII, DraIII, and Bsu36I restriction sites, which emphasized the geographical origins of the strains. It is concluded that restriction analysis of cDNA of the whole viral genomic segment A allows differentiation of IBDV isolates on the basis of their antigenicity and geographical origin.Key words: phylogeny, avibirnavirus, geographical origin.
Structures of the superconducting oxides<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tl</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Cu<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Bi</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Cu<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1988)

The structures of ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ have been solved and refined from single-crystal x-ray diffraction data. The structures are essentially the same and have single Cu-O sheets separated by either Tl-O or Bi-O double layers. The ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ structure is tetragonal with $a=3.87$ \AA{} and $c=23.24$ \AA{}, and there are strictly flat Cu-O sheets. ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ has a lower-symmetry structure which may be approximated with an orthorhombic cell with $a=5.36$ \AA{}, $b=5.37$ \AA{}, and $c=24.62$ \AA{}; however, this ignores superstructure reflections along both the $a$ and $c$ axes. The Tl-O layers are much more strongly bound to each other than are the Bi-O layers; thus, better conduction along the $c$ axis is expected for ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ relative to ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$. Superconducting transition temperatures of 9 and 90 K were observed for ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$, respectively.
Lock-based protocols for cooperation on XML documents (2004)

The extensible Markup Language (XML) is well accepted in several different Web application areas. As soon as many users and applications work concurrently on the same collection of XML documents - e.g. on an XML database via a Web interface - isolating accesses and modifications of different transactions becomes an important issue. We discuss four different core protocols for synchronizing access to and modifications of XML document collections. These core protocols synchronize structure traversals and modifications. They are meant to be integrated into native XML base management System (XBMS) and are based on two phase locking. We also demonstrate the different degrees of cooperation that are possible with these protocols.
An efficient frame memory interface of MPEG-2 video encoder ASIC chip (1999)

This paper presents an efficient frame memory interface of MPEG-2 video encoder which is accomplished in not only reducing interface buffer size through efficient memory map organization and access timing schedules but also avoiding unnecessary small size buffers and simplifying their control circuits. In this design, 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS TLM (triple layer metal) standard cells are used as design libraries, and VHDL simulator and logic synthesis tools are used for hardware design and verification, and the hardware emulator that is a C-language model of the proposed architecture is exploited for various test vector generation and functional verification. The improved frame memory interface module takes about 58% less hardware area than the previous design (Kim et al. 1997), and results in reducing the total hardware area of the video encoder ASIC chip up to 24.3%. We also reduced the random memory accesses to save the power consumption caused by the transition of the system-level I/O buses.
Tragicomedia de la trasgresión en “Arráncame la vida” (2007)

Catalina Ascencio is a rebel who eventually converts her expected role as accomplice of her homicidal husband into a weapon to expose his criminal nature. After he executes her lover, she becomes as adroit as her political husband at the secret craft of murder, killing him softly with a lethal slow-acting tea. The reversals and dark humor of the carnivalesque work well in this novelesque exploration of a feminine revolution which is actually, in a tragicomical way, a cooptation of the feminine by the masculine.
Differentiation of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum,</i> <i>L. pentosus,</i> and <i>L. paraplantarum</i> by <i>recA</i> Gene Sequence Analysis and Multiplex PCR Assay with <i>recA</i> Gene-Derived Primers (2001)

In this study, we succeeded in differentiating Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Lactobacillus paraplantarum by means of recA gene sequence comparison. Short homologous regions of about 360 bp were amplified by PCR with degenerate consensus primers, sequenced, and analyzed, and 322 bp were considered for the inference of phylogenetic trees. Phylograms, obtained by parsimony, maximum likelihood, and analysis of data matrices with the neighbor-joining model, were coherent and clearly separated the three species. The validity of the recA gene and RecA protein as phylogenetic markers is discussed. Based on the same sequences, species-specific primers were designed, and a multiplex PCR protocol for the simultaneous distinction of these bacteria was optimized. The sizes of the amplicons were 318 bp for L. plantarum, 218 bp for L. pentosus, and 107 bp for L. paraplantarum. This strategy permitted the unambiguous identification of strains belonging to L. plantarum, L. pentosus, and L. paraplantarum in a single reaction, indicating its applicability to the speciation of isolates of the L. plantarum group.