gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Novel Heparin-binding Growth Factors in Uterine Secretory Fluids (1997)

Uterine growth factors are potential effector molecules in embryo growth signaling pathways. Pig uterine luminal flushings contained a heparin-binding growth factor (HBGF) that required 0.8 M NaCl for elution from heparin columns and was termed HBGF-0.8. This factor, which was heat- and acid-labile and of Mr 10,000 as assessed by gel filtration, stimulated DNA synthesis in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells. Two forms of HBGF-0.8, termed HBGF-0.8-P1 and HBGF-0.8-P2, exhibited differential heparin-binding properties. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that each form of HBGF-0.8 migrated with an apparent Mr of 10, 000 under reducing conditions. Amino acid sequencing revealed the N-terminal sequence EENIKKGKKXIRTPKI for HBGF-0.8-P1 and ENIKKGKKXIRT for HBGF-0.8-P2. These sequences corresponded, respectively, to residues 247-262 and 248-259 of the 349-residue predicted primary translation product of porcine connective tissue growth factor (pCTGF). 10-kDa CTGF-mediated fibroblast DNA synthesis was modulated by exogenous heparin, and CTGF-immunoreactive proteins of 10, 16, and 20 kDa were present in unfractionated uterine luminal flushings. These data reveal the identity of a novel growth factor in uterine fluids as a highly truncated form of CTGF and show that the N-terminal two-thirds of the CTGF primary translation product is not required for mitogenic activity or heparin binding.
Transition State Analogue Inhibitors of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Plasmodium falciparum (2002)

Immucillins are logically designed transition-state analogue inhibitors of mammalian purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) that induce purine-less death of Plasmodium falciparum in cultured erythrocytes (Kicska, G. A., Tyler, P. C., Evans, G. B., Furneaux, R. H., Schramm, V. L., and Kim, K. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 3226-3231). PNP is present at high levels in human erythrocytes and in P. falciparum, but the Plasmodium enzyme has not been characterized. A search of the P. falciparum genome data base yielded an open reading frame similar to the PNP from Escherichia coli. PNP from P. falciparum (P. falciparum PNP) was cloned, overexpressed in E. coli, purified, and characterized. The primary amino acid sequence has 26% identity with E. coli PNP, has 20% identity with human PNP, and is phylogenetically unique among known PNPs with equal genetic distance between PNPs and uridine phosphorylases. Recombinant P. falciparum PNP is catalytically active for inosine and guanosine but is less active for uridine. The immucillins are powerful inhibitors of P. falciparum PNP. Immucillin-H is a slow onset tight binding inhibitor with a K(i)* value of 0.6 nm. Eight related immucillins are also powerful inhibitors with dissociation constants from 0.9 to 20 nm. The K(m)/K(i)* value for immucillin-H is 9000, making this inhibitor the most powerful yet reported for P. falciparum PNP. The PNP from P. falciparum differs from the human enzyme by a lower K(m) for inosine, decreased preference for deoxyguanosine, and reduced affinity for the immucillins, with the exception of 5'-deoxy-immucillin-H. These properties of P. falciparum PNP are consistent with a metabolic role in purine salvage and provide an explanation for the antibiotic effect of the immucillins on P. falciparum cultured in human erythrocytes.
Ice penetrating communication buoy for underwater vehicles operating in the arctic (2002)

A long-range (order 1500 km) autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for operation in the Arctic has been developed by a consortium comprised of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd, and Scientific Solutions Inc. The vehicle is instrumented to collect data on the changes that are taking place in the hydrography and ice cover of the Arctic Ocean. To solve both navigation and data retrieval issues, Scientific Solutions, Inc. has developed a communication buoy and launcher section for the vehicle. The vehicle carries up to twelve buoys horizontally in the launcher section. The buoys will be launched approximately once per day. Prior to launch, data collected by the AUV is transferred to the buoy via an inductive link. After launch, the buoy ascends to the surface and melts its way through the ice. Substantial engineering issues related to the melt-through process, including stability and buoyancy, have been solved. After the buoy penetrates the ice, it deploys GPS and ARGOS antennae. The positional information and the data stored in the buoy are then transmitted to a shore station via ARGOS.
Design Exploration of a Spurious Power Suppression Technique (SPST) and Its Applications (2005)

This paper presents the design exploration and application of a technique to suppress the spurious power dissipation existed in the data-paths for multimedia VLSI designs. The proposed technique adopts the design concept of separating the arithmetic units into most significant part (MSP) and least significant part (LSP), and then freezing the MSP whenever this part of circuits does not affect the computation result. This paper first explores three implementation approaches of realizing the SPST-based design concept to decide the most efficient one, and then uses this approach to reduce the spurious power of the multi-transform coding design in H.264 systems. The post-layout simulations show that the proposed SPST can save average 27.38% of power dissipation of the multi-transform design
Gene Expression Profiles of Tumor Biology Provide a Novel Approach to Prognosis and May Guide the Selection of Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Myeloma (2009)

GEP provides insight into the molecular defects underlying plasma cell dyscrasias that may explain their clinical heterogeneity. GEP also may also refine current prognostic and therapeutic models for MGUS and MM.
Surface-micromachined magnetic undulator with period length between<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">m</mml:mi></mml:math>and 1 mm for advanced light sources (2012)

A technological gap exists between the $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-scale wiggling periods achieved using electromagnetic waves of high intensity laser pulses and the mm scale of permanent-magnet and superconducting undulators. In the sub-mm range, surface-micromachined soft-magnetic micro-electro-mechanical system inductors with integrated solenoidal coils have already experimentally demonstrated 100 to 500 mT field amplitude across air gaps as large as $15\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. Simulations indicate that magnetic fields as large as 1.5 T across $50\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ inductor gaps are feasible. A simple rearranging of the yoke and pole geometry allows for fabrication of 10+ cm long undulator structures with period lengths between $12.5\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and 1 mm. Such undulators find application both in high average power spontaneous emission sources and, if used in combination with ultrahigh-brightness electron beams, could lead to the realization of low energy compact free-electron lasers. Challenges include electron energy broadening due to wakefields and Joule heating in the electromagnet.
Impact of intermediate traffic grouping on the dimensioning of multi-granularity optical networks (2002)

We demonstrate the interest of multi-granularity optical networks to decrease the number of ports for the optical switching matrices by grouping some wavelengths into bands and some bands into fibers at some intermediate nodes.
3 A comprehensive review of cannabis phytocannabinoids (2023)

Cannabis sativa is one of the most extensively studied plants globally. It has been cultivated for thousands of years across the world for a variety of uses. While the seeds are of good nutritional value, fibers are used in textile products due to their durability. The plant has long been used in both recreational and medicinal purposes due to its psychotic and therapeutic effects. As such, it is highly important to understand the composition of the cannabis plant. This chapter provides a brief synopsis of the history, isolation, and structural elucidation for each of the 129 constituents classified as cannabinoid-type constituents.
Phosphorus‐containing epoxy resin for an electronic application (1999)

A phosphorus-containing epoxy resin, 6-H-dibenz[c,e][1,2] oxaphosphorin-6-[2,5-bis(oxiranylmethoxy)phenyl]-6-oxide (DOPO epoxy resin), was synthesized and cured with phenolic novolac (Ph Nov), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), or dicyandiamide (DICY). The reactivity of these three curing agents toward DOPO epoxy resin was found in the order of DICY > DDS > Ph Nov. Thermal stability and the weight loss behavior of the cured polymers were studied by TGA. The phosphorus-containing epoxy resin showed lower weight loss temperature and higher char yield than that of bisphenol-A based epoxy resin. The high char yields and limiting oxygen index (LOI) values as well as excellent UL-94 vertical burn test results of DOPO epoxy resin indicated the flame-retardant effectiveness of phosphorus-containing epoxy resins. The DOPO epoxy resin was investigated as a reactive flame-retardant additive in an electronic encapsulation application. Owing to the rigid structure of DOPO and the pendant P group, the resulting phosphorus-containing encapsulant exhibited better flame retardancy, higher glass transition temperature, and thermal stability than the regular encapsulant containing a brominated epoxy resin. High LOI value and UL-94 V-0 rating could be achieved with a phosphorus content of as low as 1.03% (comparable to bromine content of 7.24%) in the cured epoxy, and no fume and toxic gas emission were observed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 353–361, 1999
Peptide-mediated mast cell activation: ligand similarities for receptor recognition and protease-induced regulation (2017)

MCs are crucial regulators of the innate immune response. MC degranulation is a rapid response mechanism that allows for the release of a stored plethora of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, heparin, various serine proteases, chemokines, and cytokines. The activation of MCs can lead to the de novo expression of a variety of chemokines and cytokines that can influence a variety of outcomes: inflammation, angiogenesis, and others. A variety of IgE-independent mediators, including IgG, cytokines, chemokines, exogenous molecules, drugs, and cationic peptides, and others, can directly trigger MC activation. For decades, various peptide stimuli, including peptide toxins, neuropeptides, antimicrobial peptides, and endogenous bioactive peptides, have been associated with MC allergic reactions in various physiologic and pathologic conditions. Recently, an activation mechanism has been established, whereby the MRGPRX<sub>2</sub> receptor is involved in most of the peptide stimuli-related activation of human MCs. Interestingly, most of these peptide sequences seem to have a strong structural similarity that includes abundant positive charges and aromatic/aliphatic amino acids. In this review, we discuss the structures of known peptide stimuli and the receptors with which they interact for the express purpose of highlighting peptide elements as building blocks for tissue engineering applications.
Layer-thickness determination and stratigraphic interpretation using spectral inversion: Theory and application (2008)

Abstract Spectral inversion is a seismic method that uses a priori information and spectral decomposition to improve images of thin layers whose thicknesses are below the tuning thickness. We formulate a method to invert frequency spectra for layer thickness and apply it to synthetic and real data using complex spectral analysis. Absolute layer thicknesses significantly below the seismic tuning thickness can be determined robustly in this manner without amplitude calibration. We extend our method to encompass a generalized reflectivity series represented by a summation of impulse pairs. Application of our spectral inversion to seismic data sets from the Gulf of Mexico results in reliable well ties to seismic data, accurate prediction of layer thickness to less than half the tuning thickness, and improved imaging of subtle stratigraphic features. Comparisons between well ties for spectrally inverted data and ties for conventional seismic data illustrate the superior resolution of the former. Several stratigraphic examples illustrate the various destructive effects of the wavelet, including creating illusory geologic information, such as false stratigraphic truncations that are related to lateral changes in rock properties, and masking geologic information, such as updip limits of thin layers. We conclude that data that are inverted spectrally on a trace-by-trace basis show greater bedding continuity than do the original seismic data, suggesting that wavelet side-lobe interference produces false bedding discontinuities.
Piezoelectricity in nylon 11 (1980)

At the present time, only poled, drawn poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) films give evidence of sufficiently high piezoelectric response to be useful in device applications, and for this reason the great majority of research has centered around this polymer. As in the case of PVF2, many of the odd nylons crystallize in a polar space group with a large net dipole moment in the unit cell. On the basis of the understanding now reached of the properties of poled PVF2 films it would appear that the odd nylons have the potential to make films with high piezoelectric activity. Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity in nylon 11 films have been studied previously and piezoelectric strain coefficients found were higher than most polymers but still two orders of magnitude less than the corresponding activity found in poled oriented PVF2 (d(31) approx. 20pC/N). Studies carried out in this laboratory have shown that by appropriate variation of poling conditions and sample microstructure quite large piezoelectric constants can be obtained for nylon 11 films (d(31) approx. 3pC/N). The dependence of the piezoelectric strain constant d(31) on poling temperature, poling field and crystal structure will be discussed. (Author)
Mechanism-guided design of flow systems for multicomponent reactions: conversion of CO2 and olefins to cyclic carbonates (2014)

A mechanism-guided design of a multi-step flow system enabled an efficient general process for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from alkenes and CO2. The flow system proved to be an ideal platform for multicomponent reactions because it was straightforward to introduce reagents at specific stages without their interacting with each other or with reaction intermediates prone to destruction by them. This system exhibited superior reactivity, increased yield, and broader substrate scope relative to conventional batch conditions and suppressed the formation of undesired byproducts, such as, epoxides and 1,2-dibromoalkanes.
Deep Neural Network Based Media Noise Predictors for Use in High-Density Magnetic Recording Turbo-Detectors (2019)

This article presents a combined Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) and deep neural network (DNN) turbo-detection architecture for 1-D hard disk drive (HDD) magnetic recording. Simulated HDD readings based on a grain flipping probabilistic (GFP) model are input to a linear filter equalizer with a 1-D partial response (PR) target. The equalizer output is provided to the BCJR detector in order to minimize the intersymbol interference (ISI) due to the PR mask. The BCJR detector's log-likelihood-ratio (LLR) outputs (along with the linear equalizer outputs) are then input to the DNN detector, which estimates the signal-dependent media noise. The media noise estimate is then fed back to the BCJR detector in an iterative manner. Several DNN media noise estimation architectures based on fully connected (FC) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are investigated. For GFP data at 48 nm track pitch and 11 nm bit length, the CNN-based BCJR-DNN turbo detector reduces the detector bit error rate (BER) by 0.334× and the per bit computational time by 0.731× compared to a BCJR detector that incorporates 1-D pattern-dependent noise prediction (PDNP). The proposed BCJR-DNN turbo detection architecture can be generalized for two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR).
Variational methods in surface parameterization (2005)

A surface parameterization is a function that maps coordinates in a 2-dimensional parameter space to points on a surface. This thesis investigates two kinds of parameterizations for surfaces that are disc-like in shape. The first is a map from a region of the plane to the surface. The second is a mapping from one surface to another, which defines a correspondence between them. The main challenge in both cases is the construction of a smooth map with low distortion. In this thesis we present a variational approach to surface parameterization that addresses these challenges. 
The first contribution of this thesis is the development of a variational framework for parameterizations. This framework encompasses the mapping of a region of the plane to a surface that is isomorphic to a disc, and the mapping between such surfaces. Our parameterizations are guaranteed to be smooth and locally bijective, and optimal parameterizations which minimize a variational energy are known to exist. 
Our second contribution is a set of algorithms to construct parameterizations for surface triangulations. We describe in detail free-boundary methods that use standard numerical optimization algorithms for the computation of optimal parameterizations. A flexible set of parameters is offered to the user to formulate preferences for the trade-off between angle, area and length distortion in parameterizations in the plane. In the specification of a correspondence between surfaces, we provide user control through feature lines which are mapped as sets onto corresponding feature lines. Additionally we allow for a partial correspondence of the surfaces. 
Our third contribution is an analysis of the performance of the algorithms based on our implementations. The efficiency of our methods is measured by analyzing the rate of convergence of the energy minimization, and execution times are shown to be quite reasonable. Robustness is established in the presence of large deformations and stability is demonstrated under different discretizations of the surfaces. 
Our fourth contribution is a set of concrete, compelling applications of surface parameterization. Non-trivial examples which draw from texture mapping, morphing and facial animation provide further evidence and insight into the versatility of our parameterization framework.
DNA topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity of camptothecin analogues. (1989)

20(S)-Camptothecin, the 20(S)-camptothecin sodium salt, and 12 analogues with substituents on the A ring differ widely in their effectiveness in the treatment of murine L1210 lymphoblastic leukemia in vivo. The drugs were screened in the following systems: System 1, the cleavage of DNA in the presence of purified topoisomerase I; System 2, drug-induced trapping of topoisomerase I in a covalent complex with DNA; and System 3, the induction of protein-associated DNA breaks in drug-treated L1210 leukemia cells. 9-Amino-20(S), 10-amino-20(RS), and 10,11-methylenedioxy-20(RS), drugs effective against murine L1210 leukemia in vivo, stabilize topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable complexes in a purified system and in cultured L1210 cells. Other analogues, inactive against L1210 leukemia in vivo, were totally ineffective in topoisomerase I-directed screens. The rest of the analogues were intermediate in terms of their antitumor and topoisomerase I-directed activities. The study shows that the drug-induced accumulation of enzyme-DNA cleavable complexes is directly proportional to drug cytotoxicity and antitumor activity.
A genetic approach to selecting the optimal feature for epileptic seizure prediction (2005)

The objective of this study is to (1) develop and apply efficient algorithms to simultaneous intracranial electroencephalographic signals recorded from multiple implanted electrode sites to evaluate the spatial and temporal behavior of seizure precursors and (2) to demonstrate the utility of multiple feature and channel synergy for predicting epileptic seizures in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Short-term seizure precursors within a 10-minute time period are investigated. The method consists of preprocessing, processing, feature selection, classification, and validation steps. The preprocessing step removes extraneous data and captures the salient signal attributes while maintaining the integrity of the signal. Processing is a three-step approach that includes first-level features extracted from the raw data, second-level features extracted from first level features, and third-level features extracted from second-level features. A genetic algorithm selects the optimal features off-line from a preselected group of features to serve as the input to the classifier.
Isolation of diphtheria toxin-sensitive mouse cells from a toxin-resistant population transfected with monkey DNA. (1990)

Diphtheria toxin (DTX)-sensitive mouse cells were isolated from a toxin-resistant thymidine kinase (TK)-negative L-M(TK-) mouse cell population that was transfected with DNA from highly toxin-sensitive monkey Vero cells. Sensitivity to DTX was screened by using a replica plate assay. The purified toxin-sensitive mouse cells were characterized with respect to their ability to bind, internalize, and translocate DTX into the cytosol. In contrast to the L-M(TK-) cells, these DTX-sensitive mouse cells were able to bind and internalize radioiodinated toxin into intracellular vesicles at 37 degrees C. Specific binding of radioiodinated toxin to their cell surface (at 4 degrees C) could not be demonstrated. However, the following evidence for functional receptors capable of binding DTX was obtained: (i) when the toxin-sensitive mouse cells were first allowed to bind DTX at 4 degrees C, followed by washing the cells and shifting the temperature to 37 degrees C (allowing cell surface-bound toxin to enter the cells), the cells were killed; (ii) when cells with surface-bound DTX were exposed briefly to an acidic medium (allowing the toxin to penetrate the plasma membrane directly), protein synthesis was inhibited; and (iii) when cells were incubated with DTX in the presence of the CRM 197, a nontoxic form of DTX with binding properties similar to native DTX, the cytotoxic effect of DTX was markedly decreased. The results demonstrate that the toxin-sensitive mouse cells are killed by a mechanism similar to that observed in naturally occurring toxin-sensitive cell lines. The data further suggest that the transfected mouse cells express functional receptors for DTX.