gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nondestructive Determination of Case Depth by Barkhausen Noise Method (2016)

Demands for better products and more environmentally friendly manufacturing advance the technological developments in quality control applications. Especially car manufacturers which mostly use steel components strive to produce higher quality components with cost efficient ways. In order to improve the quality of steel components, raw material needs to be processed with special methods.\n\nOne of the common methods to increase the quality characteristics of steel components is surface hardening process which also increases the service life and fatigue properties of components. There are different methods available to harden the surfaces of steel components to increase their strength. In principle, surface hardening provides a case of hardened layer on top of the soft core which also prevents the crack initiation and propagation.\n\nThe quality control of the produced case can be made by measuring the thickness of the hardened layer which is called case depth measurement. Case depth needs to be measured because it verifies the quality of the hardening process as well as the thickness left for re-grinding operations. There are various methods available for case depth measurements. However, industries seek a reliable nondestructive method which could possibly be applied to entire volume of manufacturing, be fast, environmentally friendly and possibly cheap. Currently, hardness profiling is the most common technique for quality control of the surface hardening process. However, this method is destructive, expensive and slow. In order to develop a nondestructive technique to overcome this problem, many methods have been tried so far. Barkhausen noise (BN) has been one of the promising methods to success this. \n\nIn this thesis, BN is investigated by using newly developed sensors, software and other hardware to measure the case depth of various hardened steel components. In the thesis, it was indicated that recently developed method of using BN for nondestructive case depth measurement is promising although it still requires further testing period.\n\nThe main conclusion of the research was that the method works case by case. Challenge with the research was the lack of suitable sample sets and measurement systems. BN measurements are sensitive and any change in the system and samples, dramatically change the results and affect the correlations. The improvements and ideas to develop the current methodology are also given in this study.
Application of diamond films and related materials: (1995)

This document contains reports which were presented at the Third International Conference on the Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials. Papers were presented on the following topics: electron emission, electron devices and sensors, cutting tools, processing, growth, adhesion, friction, and wear, optics, thermal properties and applications, modelling, composites and diamond-like carbon, cubic boron nitride, carbon-nitrogen films, and miscellaneous reports.
Histological findings after angioplasty using conventional balloon, radiofrequency thermal balloon, and stent for experimental aortic coarctation (2004)

The authors conclude that angioplasty with RFTB or stent can provide relatively small injuries in the vessel wall for aortic coarctation, but care must be taken to prevent restenosis caused by intimal hyperplasia, because neointima hyperplasia is more frequent after RFTB or stent.
Sustainable Tourism in India: Challenges and Prospects (2015)

Tourism has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries since last few decades. For developing countries it is one of the biggest income generators as a service industry. It is the key driver of socio-economic progress through the creation of jobs and enterprises, infrastructure development and Foreign Exchange earnings. Tourism is one economic sector in India that has the potential to grow at a high rate and ensure consequential economic development. According to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report India 1 has key strengths for sustainable tourism; linked mainly to cultural endowments. India ranks 12th in the Asian region and 68th globally. The country is well assessed for its natural resources (ranked 8th), and cultural resources (24th), with many World Heritage sites, both natural and cultural, rich fauna, many fairs and exhibitions. Tourism has also contributed to environmental degradation, and habitat fragmentation. Since the emergence of the World Conservation Strategy and Our Common Future, a number of arguments and debates concerning sustainable tourism development (STD) have been presented and also attempted to convert their theoretical framework of sustainable development into practice.
Selection of temperature intervals for parallel-tempering simulations (2005)

A heuristic is developed specifying that temperatures in replica-exchange simulations should be spaced such that about 20% of the phase-swap attempts are accepted. The result is found to be independent of the heat capacity, suggesting that it may be applied generally despite being based on an assumption of (piecewise-) constant heat capacity.
Progress in visual representations of chemical space (2015)

With the growth of computational power, representations of large datasets are becoming more and more common instruments in the toolboxes of chemoinformaticians. Every scientist in the field can find the method of choice for a particular task. However, there is no universal reference representation of the chemical space currently available and expert knowledge is required.
Triangulation Learning Network: from Monocular to Stereo 3D Object Detection (2019)

In this paper, we study the problem of 3D object detection from stereo images, in which the key challenge is how to effectively utilize stereo information. Different from previous methods using pixel-level depth maps, we propose employing 3D anchors to explicitly construct object-level correspondences between the regions of interest in stereo images, from which the deep neural network learns to detect and triangulate the targeted object in 3D space. We also introduce a cost-efficient channel reweighting strategy that enhances representational features and weakens noisy signals to facilitate the learning process. All of these are flexibly integrated into a solid baseline detector that uses monocular images. We demonstrate that both the monocular baseline and the stereo triangulation learning network outperform the prior state-of-the-arts in 3D object detection and localization on the challenging KITTI dataset.
Machine-learning-based dynamic IR drop prediction for ECO (2018)

During design signoff, many iterations of Engineer Change Order (ECO) are needed to ensure IR drop of each cell instance meets the specified limit. It is a waste of resources because repeated dynamic IR drop simulations take a very long time on very similar designs. In this work, we train a machine learning model, based on data before ECO, and predict IR drop after ECO. To increase our prediction accuracy, we propose 17 timing-aware, power-aware, and physical-aware features. Our method is scalable because the feature dimension is fixed (937), independent of design size and cell library. Also, we propose to build regional models for cell instances near IR drop violations to improves both prediction accuracy and training time. Our experiments show that our prediction correlation coefficient is 0.97 and average error is 3.0mV on a 5-million-cell industry design. Our IR drop prediction for 100K cell instances can be completed within 2 minutes. Our proposed method provides a fast IR drop prediction to speedup ECO.
Hard ligands as donors to soft metals. Part 1. Formation of oxygen-bonded dimethyl sulphoxide complexes of palladium(II) and platinum(II) promoted by steric crowding (1979)

Cationic oxygen-bonded dimethyl sulphoxide (dmso) complexes of the types [M(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)(dmso)2][X]2 and [M(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)(dmso)Cl][X], where X is a non-co-ordinating anion, have been prepared with palladium(II) and platinum(II). The bis(sulphoxide) complexes are stable in solution and in the solid state, however the sulphoxide ligand in the mono(sulphoxide) complexes is very labile. In solution [Pd(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)-(dmso)Cl][X] readily forms the corresponding thioether (SMe2) complex by loss of oxygen from the dimethyl sulphoxide.
Moderate Temperatures Affect Escherichia coli Inactivation by High-Pressure Homogenization Only through Fluid Viscosity (2004)

The inactivation of suspensions of Escherichia coli MG1655 by high-pressure homogenization was studied over a wide range of pressures (100-300 MPa) and initial temperatures of the samples (5-50 degrees C). Bacterial inactivation was positively correlated with the applied pressure and with the initial temperature. When samples were adjusted to different concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) to have the same viscosity at different temperatures below 45 degrees C and then homogenized at these temperatures, no difference in inactivation was observed. These observations strongly suggest, for the first time, that the influence of temperature on bacterial inactivation by high-pressure homogenization is only through its effect on fluid viscosity. At initial temperatures > or =45 degrees C, corresponding to an outlet sample temperature >65 degrees C, the level of inactivation was higher than what would be predicted on the basis of the reduced viscosity at these temperatures, suggesting that under these conditions heat starts to contribute to cellular inactivation in addition to the mechanical effects that are predominant at lower temperatures. Second-order polynomial models were proposed to describe the impact of a high-pressure homogenization treatment of E. coli MG1655 as a function of pressure and temperature or as a function of pressure and viscosity. The pressure-viscosity inactivation model provided a better quality of fit of the experimental data and furthermore is more comprehensive and versatile than the pressure-temperature model because in addition to viscosity it implicitly incorporates temperature as a variable.
Comparison of Two Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors, Tirofiban and Abciximab, for the Prevention of Ischemic Events with Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization (2001)

Although the trial was intended to assess the noninferiority of tirofiban as compared with abciximab, the findings demonstrated that tirofiban offered less protection from major ischemic events than did abciximab.
Processing images for red–green dichromats compensation via naturalness and information-preservation considered recoloring (2019)

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is caused by anomalies in the cone cells of the human retina. It affects approximately 200 million individuals throughout the world. Although previous studies have proposed compensation methods, contrast and naturalness preservation have not been adequately and simultaneously addressed in the state-of-the-art studies. This paper focuses on red–green dichromats’ compensation and proposes a recoloring algorithm that combines contrast enhancement and naturalness preservation in a unified optimization model. In this implementation, representative color extraction and edit propagation methods are introduced to maintain global and local information in the recolored image. The quantitative evaluation results showed that the proposed method is competitive with state-of-the-art methods. A subjective experiment was also conducted and the evaluation results revealed that the proposed method obtained the best scores in preserving both naturalness and information for individuals with severe red–green CVD.
Animal Models of Cardiac Disease and Stem Cell Therapy (2010)

Animal models that mimic cardiovascular diseases are indispensable tools for understanding the mechanisms underlying the diseases at the cellular and molecular level. This review focuses on various methods in preclinical research to create small animal models of cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, myocarditis and cardiac hypertrophy, and the related stem cell treatment for these diseases.
TIMING CONVENTIONS (1998)

A timing convention governs when a transmitter drives symbols onto the signal line and when they are sampled by the receiver. A timing convention may be periodic, with a new symbol driven on a signal line at regular time intervals, or aperiodic, with new symbols arriving at irregular times. In either case a method is required to encode when the symbol arrives so that the receiver samples each symbol exactly once during its valid period. With periodic signals, if the nominal data rate is known, the receiver may use a local clock source to determine when the next symbol is to arrive. In this case, an occasional transition on the signal line to correct for drift between the transmitter and receiver clocks is all that is needed to encode symbol arrival times. For aperiodic signals, an explicit transition is required to signal the arrival of each symbol. This transition may be on a separate clock line that may be shared among several signals (bundled signaling). Alternatively, this transition may be encoded on the same lines as the signal value, as with dual-rail signaling, giving a timing convention that is insensitive to line-to-line skew.
Single-quantum annihilation of positrons with shell-bound atomic electrons (1991)

The single-quantum annihilation of positrons has been studied experimentally with a positron beam and a thin lead target, at energies 1 MeV and higher. Spectral peaks corresponding to the K, L, and M shells have been resolved and observed distinctly for the first time. The shell ratios L/K and M/K have been determined. An analysis of the L peak has yielded the (LII+LIII)/L ratio. The first measurements of the directional distributions of the annihilation quanta of the three individual electron shells are also reported. The results are in agreement with theory. They also point out the potential for applying the phenomena to the development of a tunable, highly directional gamma-ray source.
Polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 gene is associated with obesity, leptin levels, and insulin resistance in young subjects and diet-treated type 2 diabetic patients. (2000)

The presence of the A2 allele in the TNFR2 gene may predispose subjects to obesity and higher leptin levels, which may in turn predispose them to insulin resistance or vice versa. The TNFR2 gene may be involved in weight-control mechanisms.
Isozyme variation and species delimitation in the <i>Ceratocystis coerulescens</i> complex (1996)

Nineteen electrophoretic phenotypes (unique combinations of electromorphs) were found among 98 isolates of Ceratocystis coerulescens and morphologically similar species using 10 isozymes. Analysis of the isozyme data and morphological comparisons suggested that there are five variants of C. coerulescens found on conifers: three are associated with blue-stain of Picea or Pinus, one (C. coerulescens f. douglasii) with blue-stain of Pseudotsuga, and one associated with the bark beetle Dendroctonus rufipennis on Picea. Ceratocystis polonica and C. laricicola, associated with bark beetle species in the genus Ips on Picea and Larix, respectively, had similar isozymes, are morphologically indistinguishable from each other, and should probably be synonymized. Ceratocystis virescens, cause of stain of hardwoods and sapstreak disease of Acer saccharum, is distinct from the conifer species of Ceratocystis in isozyme electromorphs and anamorph morphology. Isozymes of C. virescens show some similarity to those of two Australian species, an undescribed species of Ceratocystis from Eucalyptus and Chalara australis. The Chalara states of these three hardwood species and Chalara neocaledoniae are morphologically similar.
Vector diffraction of a grating with conformal thin films (1996)

Vector diffraction theory is appropriate whenever the dimensions of the diffracting structures are comparable with the wavelength of the incident light in order to account correctly for polarization effects. If a periodic groove or pit array is coated with a conformal thin-film stack, the diffracting properties of the substrate may be substantially altered. A computationally efficient vector diffraction model for conformal thin films on a biaxial grating is described that does not require coordinate transformations of Maxwell’s equations. Calculated results are compared with other published work on diffraction anomalies and with experimental measurements on a rewritable optical disk.
An endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Enterococcus faecalisV583 responsible for the hydrolysis of high-mannose and hybrid-type N-linked glycans (2011)

It has been demonstrated previously that Enterococcus faecalis produces secreted endoglycosidases that enable the bacteria to remove N-linked glycans from glycoproteins. One enzyme potentially responsible for this activity is EF0114, comprising a typical GH18 endoglycosidase domain and a GH20 domain. We have analyzed the other candidate, EF2863, and show that this predicted single domain GH18 protein is an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. EF2863 hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond between two N-acetylglucosamines (GlcNAc) in N-linked glycans of the high-mannose and hybrid type, releasing the glycan and leaving one GlcNAc attached to the protein. The activity of EF2863 is similar to that of the well known deglycosylating enzyme EndoH from Streptomyces plicatus. According to the CAZy nomenclature, the enzyme is designated EfEndo18A.
Arizona School Finance: A Primer on Strategy and Enforcement (2005)

In 1991 the Arizona Center for Law in the Public Interest, a nonprofit public interest law firm, filed a lawsuit alleging that Arizona’s school finance system violated the state constitution. Four appellate decisions spanning thirteen years followed. The benefits for Arizona’s public schools that were produced by this litigation were enormous and exceeded original expectations.
A sterically efficient synthesis of (Z)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(p-methylthiobenzylidene)-3-indenylacetic acid and its S-oxide, sulindac (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA sterically efficient synthesis of (Z)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(p-methylthiobenzylidene)-3-indenylacetic acid and its S-oxide, sulindacRichard F. Shuman, Seemon H. Pines, Willard E. Shearin, Robert F. Czaja, N. Lee Abramson, and Roger TullCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 11, 1914–1919Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00431a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00431a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tuber‐specific silencing of <i>asparagine synthetase‐1</i> reduces the acrylamide‐forming potential of potatoes grown in the field without affecting tuber shape and yield (2012)

Simultaneous silencing of asparagine synthetase (Ast)-1 and -2 limits asparagine (ASN) formation and, consequently, reduces the acrylamide-forming potential of tubers. The phenotype of silenced lines appears normal in the greenhouse, but field-grown tubers are small and cracked. Assessing the effects of silencing StAst1 and StAst2 individually, we found that yield drag was mainly linked to down-regulation of StAst2. Interestingly, tubers from untransformed scions grafted onto intragenic StAst1/2-silenced rootstock contained almost the same low ASN levels as those in the original silenced lines, indicating that ASN is mainly formed in tubers rather than being transported from leaves. This conclusion was further supported by the finding that overexpression of StAst2 caused ASN to accumulate in leaves but not tubers. Thus, ASN does not appear to be the main form of organic nitrogen transported from leaves to tubers. Because reduced ASN levels coincided with increased levels of glutamine, it appears likely that this alternative amide amino acid is mobilized to tubers, where it is converted into ASN by StAst1. Indeed, tuber-specific silencing of StAst1, but not of StAst2, was sufficient to substantially lower ASN formation in tubers. Extensive field studies demonstrated that the reduced acrylamide-forming potential achieved by tuber-specific StAst1 silencing did not affect the yield or quality of field-harvested tubers.
A 65nm flash-based FPGA fabric optimized for low cost and power (2011)

This paper describes a non-volatile reprogrammable FPGA fabric, whose configuration data are provided directly by flash memory. The fabric is optimized for low-cost, low-power applications, leveraging the density of flash and the elimination of conventional configuration SRAM and its attendant static power. After surveying the necessary background on flash and its application to FPGAs, the 1T flash cell is described along with relevant novel aspects of the fabric architecture. The addition of a third level of switching between inter-cluster signals and logic inputs helps to reduce area and raise typical utilization above 95%. Despite the longer signal path, performance is maintained by synergism between the improved routing flexibility and extreme minimization of the fastest LUT input delay. Test cost is reduced by built-in circuits that can test all switches without reprogramming the flash memory. The fabric has been implemented in a 65nm CMOS embedded flash process.
Une architecture unifiée pour traiter la divergence de contrôle et la divergence mémoire en SIMT (2011)

National audience
Patterns of Pulsatile Pituitary Glycoprotein Secretion in Central Hypothyroidism and Hypogonadism* (1990)

Five patients with central hypothyroidism and hypogonadism due to mass or infiltrative lesions of the pituitary and hypothalamus were studied to determine pulsatile pituitary glycoprotein secretion patterns. Blood samples were obtained every 15 min over 24 h, and TSH, LH and FSH were measured by immunoradiometric assays. Hormone pulses were located by cluster analysis, and pulse patterns were compared to those in normal subjects. Three patients had unmeasurable LH levels, while two had a normal number of low amplitude pulses. In contrast, all patients had normal FSH pulse frequency, and only one had low pulse amplitude. Three patients had normal 24-h TSH pulse frequency and amplitude, while two had slightly decreased pulse parameters. However, all failed to show normal nocturnal increases in TSH pulse amplitude. Thus, anatomical hypothalamic-pituitary lesions disrupt pulsatile glycoprotein secretion in a discordant fashion. LH is most severely affected, with abnormal pulse patterns similar to those in idiopathic central hypogonadism. FSH and TSH pulses are relatively preserved, but loss of the usual nocturnal increase in TSH pulse amplitude is sufficient to cause clinical hypothyroidism. Whether these defects reflect intrinsic pituitary disease or impaired hypothalamic releasing factor function remains to be determined.