gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syndecan-2 Is Expressed in the Microvasculature of Gliomas and Regulates Angiogenic Processes in Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2006)

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature and is necessary for tumor growth. Syndecan-2 (S2) is highly expressed in the microvasculature of mouse gliomas. When S2 expression was down-regulated in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MvEC), this inhibited cell motility and reduced the formation of capillary tube-like structures in vitro. Pro-angiogenic growth factors and enzymes up-regulated during glioma tumorigenesis stimulated shedding of the S2 ectodomain from endothelial cells in vitro. The effect of shed S2 on angiogenic processes was investigated by incorporating recombinant S2 ectodomain (S2ED) into in vitro angiogenesis assays. S2ED promoted membrane protrusion, migration, capillary tube formation, and cell-cell interactions. We therefore propose that S2 is necessary for angiogenesis of MvEC, proangiogenic factors expressed during glioma progression regulate S2 shedding, and shed S2 ectodomain may increase endothelial cell angiogenic processes.
Contemporary Logic Design (1993)

From the Publisher:
The book provides comprehensive coverage of programmable logic, including ROMs, PALs, and PLAs. A Practical Matters section concludes most chapters, which ties theory to practice and explains design technologies in detail. To synthesize the text coverage of combinational and sequential design methods, the author uses a detailed case study of a simple processor design in the final two chapters.

The text introduces readers to a wide range of software tools, including schematic capture, logic simulation and Boolean minimization, and demonstrates how they fit into the hardware design process. The author also encourages hands-on experimentation with software tools such as LogicWorks to bolster the reader's understanding of practical design methods.
Effect of Alendronate and MK-677 (a Growth Hormone Secretagogue), Individually and in Combination, on Markers of Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women<sup>1</sup> (2001)

GH increases bone turnover and stimulates osteoblast activity. We hypothesized that administration of MK-677, an orally active GH secretagogue, together with alendronate, a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, would maintain a higher bone formation rate relative to that seen with alendronate alone, thereby generating greater enhancement of bone mineral density (BMD) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. We determined the individual and combined effects of MK-677 and alendronate administration on insulin-like growth factor I levels and biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and resorption [urinary N-telopeptide cross-links (NTx)] for 12 months and BMD for 18 months. In a multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, 18-month study, 292 women (64-85 yr old) with low femoral neck BMD were randomly assigned in a 3:3:1:1 ratio to 1 of 4 daily treatment groups for 12 months: MK-677 (25 mg) plus alendronate (10 mg); alendronate (10 mg); MK-677 (25 mg); or a double dummy placebo. Patients who received MK-677 alone or placebo through month 12 received MK-677 (25 mg) plus alendronate (10 mg) from months 12-18. All other patients remained on their assigned therapy. All patients received 500 mg/day calcium. The primary results, except for BMD, are provided for month 12. MK-677, with or without alendronate, increased insulin-like growth factor I levels from baseline (39% and 45%; P < 0.05 vs. placebo). MK-677 increased osteocalcin and urinary NTx by 22% and 41%, on the average, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. placebo). MK-677 and alendronate mitigated the reduction in bone formation compared with alendronate alone based on mean relative changes in serum osteocalcin (-40% vs. -54%; P < 0.05, combination vs. alendronate) and reduced the effect of alendronate on resorption (NTx) as well (-52% vs. -61%; P < 0.05, combination vs. alendronate). MK-677 plus alendronate increased BMD at the femoral neck (4.2% vs. 2.5% for alendronate; P < 0.05). However, similar enhancement was not seen with MK-677 plus alendronate in BMD of the lumbar spine, total hip, or total body compared with alendronate alone. GH-mediated side effects were noted in the groups receiving MK-677, although adverse events resulting in discontinuation from the study were relatively infrequent. In conclusion, the anabolic effect of GH, as produced through the GH secretagogue MK-677, attenuated the indirect suppressive effect of alendronate on bone formation, but did not translate into significant increases in BMD at sites other than the femoral neck. Although the femoral neck is an important site for fracture prevention, the lack of enhancement in bone mass at other sites compared with that seen with alendronate alone is a concern when weighed against the potential side effects of enhanced GH secretion.
HNM: a simple, efficient harmonic+noise model for speech (2002)

HNM, a new analysis/modification/synthesis model based on a harmonic+noise representation of the speech signal is presented. The HNM model has several specificities: (1) HNM assumes the speech signal to be composed of a deterministic part and of a stochastic part, (2) the deterministic part is assumed to contain only harmonically related sinusoids with linearly varying complex amplitudes, and (3) the stochastic part is modeled in both the time domain and the frequency domain. The pitch-synchronous analysis technique makes use of a coarse estimate of the pitch and simultaneously calculates the various parameters of the model and refines the pitch estimate. Because the signal is decomposed into a deterministic and a stochastic part, different modification methods can be applied to each part, yielding more natural resyntheses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evolution of a Novel Series of [(N,N-Dimethylamino)propyl]- and Piperazinylbenzanilides as the First Selective 5-HT1D Antagonists (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvolution of a Novel Series of [(N,N-Dimethylamino)propyl]- and Piperazinylbenzanilides as the First Selective 5-HT1D AntagonistsJohn W. Clitherow, David I. C. Scopes, Malcolm Skingle, Christopher C. Jordan, Wasyl Feniuk, Ian B. Campbell, Malcolm C. Carter, Eric W. Collington, Helen E. Connor, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 15, 2253–2257Publication Date (Print):July 22, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 22 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00041a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00041a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Intermolecular Oxidative Addition of Aryl Halides to Platinum(II) Alkyl Complexes (2019)

We report a well-defined example of intermolecular aryl halide oxidative addition (OA) to Pt(II). Complexes of the type (IMes)PtMe2(L) and (IMes′)PtMe(L) (L = SMe2, pyridine; IMes = N,N-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; IMes′ = cyclometalated IMes) undergo intermolecular OA of phenyl iodide (PhI) at 60 °C, producing toluene via reductive elimination from a proposed Pt(IV) phenyl species. Isolation of a model Pt(IV) OA product provides evidence for a Pt(II)/Pt(IV) pathway. The OA of PhI is not limited to Pt(II) IMes complexes; analogous reactions also proceed with phosphine-ligated Pt(II) dialkyl complexes, demonstrating that this reaction is feasible for a variety of electron-rich Pt(II) complexes bearing labile ligands.
Learning stabilizable nonlinear dynamics with contraction-based regularization (2020)

We propose a novel framework for learning stabilizable nonlinear dynamical systems for continuous control tasks in robotics. The key contribution is a control-theoretic regularizer for dynamics fitting rooted in the notion of stabilizability, a constraint which guarantees the existence of robust tracking controllers for arbitrary open-loop trajectories generated with the learned system. Leveraging tools from contraction theory and statistical learning in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, we formulate stabilizable dynamics learning as a functional optimization with a convex objective and bi-convex functional constraints. Under a mild structural assumption and relaxation of the functional constraints to sampling-based constraints, we derive the optimal solution with a modified representer theorem. Finally, we utilize random matrix feature approximations to reduce the dimensionality of the search parameters and formulate an iterative convex optimization algorithm that jointly fits the dynamics functions and searches for a certificate of stabilizability. We validate the proposed algorithm in simulation for a planar quadrotor, and on a quadrotor hardware testbed emulating planar dynamics. We verify, both in simulation and on hardware, significantly improved trajectory generation and tracking performance with the control-theoretic regularized model over models learned using traditional regression techniques, especially when learning from small supervised datasets. The results support the conjecture that the use of stabilizability constraints as a form of regularization can help prune the hypothesis space in a manner that is tailored to the downstream task of trajectory generation and feedback control. This produces models that are not only dramatically better conditioned, but also data efficient.
Molecular Analysis of NTB-A Signaling: A Role for EAT-2 in NTB-A-Mediated Activation of Human NK Cells (2006)

Engagement of NTB-A on human NK cells by homophilic interaction with NTB-A-expressing target cells can trigger NK cell cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and proliferation. To better understand how NTB-A can activate NK cells, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms of NTB-A signaling. We show that NTB-A is tyrosine phosphorylated in unstimulated human NK cells and associates with SLAM-associated protein (SAP) and EAT-2. This phosphorylation of NTB-A is mediated by Src family kinases and is most likely a result of the homophilic interaction of NTB-A among neighboring NK cells. Stimulation of NK cells by NTB-A-positive targets results in increased NTB-A phosphorylation. The cytoplasmic tail of NTB-A contains three tyrosines, two of which are embedded within an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif. We generated a NTB-A-negative NK cell line, in which we expressed different mutants of NTB-A. Functional studies showed that the second tyrosine is sufficient and essential for NTB-A-mediated cytotoxicity. EAT-2, but not SAP, is recruited to this second tyrosine, indicating that SAP may be dispensable for this NTB-A function. To further investigate this, we silenced SAP expression in NK cell lines. Functional analysis of these cells showed that NTB-A can mediate NK cell cytotoxicity in the absence of SAP, probably via EAT-2. In contrast, NTB-A-mediated IFN-gamma production was greatly reduced in the absence of SAP, demonstrating that cytokine production and cytotoxicity are differentially dependent on SAP and possibly EAT-2.
An ultraviolet auroral imager for the Viking spacecraft (1987)

The V5 ultraviolet auroral imager is one of a complement of experiments launched into polar orbit aboard the Swedish spacecraft Viking in February of 1986. The imager consists of two intensified wide‐angle f/1 cameras, identical except in passband, with electronic despinning providing exposure times of one second. Critical to electronic despinning is the use of tapered fiber optic bundles to remove distortions generated when the spherical focal surface of the Burch configuration camera is projected onto the plane of the charge coupled detector. Data acquired by V5 are telemetered to a ground station in Kiruna, Sweden for archiving and real time display using a VAX11/750 system.
Measuring Mass: From Positive Rays to Proteins. Michael A Grayson, ed. Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Press, 2002, 160 pp., $35.00, hardcover. ISBN 0-941901-31-9. (2003)

The application of mass spectrometry is experiencing a quantum growth in many scientific disciplines, including medicine. It is timely that two winners of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka, are mass spectrometrists. These individuals were honored for their contributions to the development of soft ionization techniques as applied to the mass spectrometric analysis of biological macromolecules. Methods borne out of their discoveries are revolutionizing many areas of clinical chemistry, as described by David Bruns in a recent chapter in Molecular Testing in Laboratory Medicine (AACC Press). These applications and many others, such as environmental, forensic, physical, and biological sciences, are documented in this handsomely designed book.

The foundations of mass spectrometry date back nearly 200 years to John Dalton, who proposed that all matter is composed of elements, that the number and types of atoms corresponded to the exact number and types of elements, and that all elements have a measurable physical property, …
HIV‐1 neuropathogenesis: glial mechanisms revealed through substance abuse (2006)

Neuronal dysfunction and degeneration are ultimately responsible for the neurocognitive impairment and dementia manifest in neuroAIDS. Despite overt neuronal pathology, HIV-1 does not directly infect neurons; rather, neuronal dysfunction or death is largely an indirect consequence of disrupted glial function and the cellular and viral toxins released by infected glia. A role for glia in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis is revealed in experimental and clinical studies examining substance abuse-HIV-1 interactions. Current evidence suggests that glia are direct targets of substance abuse and that glia contribute markedly to the accelerated neurodegeneration seen with substance abuse in HIV-1 infected individuals. Moreover, maladaptive neuroplastic responses to chronic drug abuse might create a latent susceptibility to CNS disorders such as HIV-1. In this review, we consider astroglial and microglial interactions and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and examine how drug actions in glia contribute to neuroAIDS.
Anti-1-Amino-3-<sup>18</sup>F-Fluorocyclobutane-1-Carboxylic Acid: Physiologic Uptake Patterns, Incidental Findings, and Variants That May Simulate Disease (2014)

Common physiologic uptake patterns were similar to those noted in healthy volunteers. The activity in organs followed the presence of amino acid transport and metabolism described with other amino acid-based PET radiotracers. As with other PET radiotracers such as (18)F-FDG, focal nonphysiologic uptake may represent incidental malignancy. Uptake due to benign etiologies distinct from physiologic background also occurred and could lead to misinterpretations if the reader is unaware of them.
The Researching on Similarity Calculation Based on HNC (2008)

In the classification of text and retrieval of information, because the redundancy of information and complex computing problems are aroused from synonymous phenomenon between sentences, this paper give a calculation model about semantic similarity of sentences: start with the semantic similarity of words and phrases, then analyze sentence category, and introduce semantic similarity to syntaxes, finally calculate semantic similarity of a sentence. Through the analysis of examples, we can see that the grammar and semantics of sentence are inseparable, it is necessary to consider both.
What Can Experiments Reveal About the Origins of Music? (2009)

The origins of music have intrigued scholars for thousands of years. In this article I discuss the role of experiments in discussions of these issues. I argue that potentially useful kinds of evidence are those that address the innateness and the specificity of different components of musical behavior. At present there is some evidence for innate influences on music, but little evidence for capacities that are clearly specific to music. Although future experiments could potentially alter this picture, there is currently little unambiguous support for the notion that music is an adaptation.
High-speed silicon electrooptic Modulator design (2005)

An electrically driven Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulator based on high-index contrast silicon split-ridge waveguide technology and electronic carrier injection is proposed. The excellent optical and carrier confinement possible in high-index contrast waveguide devices, together with good thermal heat sinking and forward biased operation, enables high-speed modulation with small signal modulation bandwidths beyond 20 GHz, a V/sub /spl pi// times length figure of merit of V/sub /spl pi//L=0.5 V/spl middot/cm and an insertion loss of about 4 dB. The modulator can be fabricated in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible way.
Practical signal processing at mixed signal test venues - Trend removal, noise reduction, wideband signal capturing - (2011)

This is an embedded tutorial. It consists of two sections. The first section reviews several basic background topics for understanding the practical application examples presented in the second section. Most mixed signal tests employ the FFT-based processing. Firstly the relationship of the sampled waveform and the frequency spectrum is discussed by reviewing the DFT and IDFT equations. In the second section, there are three practical application examples presented. The first example is the trend removal. The second example reduces noise on small signals measured by a passive resistive probe in the TDR experiments. The third example demonstrates the planning procedure of wideband signal under-sampling.
Direct observation of the topological charge of a terahertz vortex beam generated by a Tsurupica spiral phase plate (2014)

A terahertz (THz) spiral phase plate with high transmission (&gt;90% after Fresnel correction) and low dispersion has been developed based on the Tsurupica olefin polymer. Direct observations of the topological charge (both magnitude and sign) of a THz vortex beam are performed by using a THz camera with tilted lens focusing and radial defect introduction. The vortex outputs with a topological charge of ±1 (or ±2) are obtained at a frequency of 2 (or 4) THz.
Hierarchical enumerative coding of DCT coefficients (2002)

We propose the employment of hierarchical enumerative coding, an entropy coding method, for the entropy coding of DCT coefficients in a DCT-based image compression scheme. The following configuration is used for the comparisons: the 8/spl times/8 DCT coefficients are first rearranged to obtain a wavelet-transform-like layout. Then, an improved version of the morphological representation of wavelet data (MRWD) algorithm is applied for scanning the coefficients and encoding the locations of nonzero coefficients. Within this configuration, two alternative entropy coding methods, context-based arithmetic coding and hierarchical enumerative coding, are compared. Experimental results show that the performance of hierarchical enumerative coding is as good as that of arithmetic coding. Considering the little computational complexity of hierarchical enumerative coding, the equal compression performance suggests that hierarchical enumerative coding is a feasible alternative for the entropy coding of DCT coefficients.
Alternaria-derived serine protease activity drives IL-33–mediated asthma exacerbations (2014)

Alternaria-specific serine protease activity causes rapid IL-33 release, which underlies the development of a robust TH2 inflammation and exacerbation of allergic airway disease.
Simplification of System Inputs and Outputs for MPU Control Units (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Some methods are suggested for organizing simple automotive sensor and actuator elements to minimize wires and use the analytical capability of the program of instructions stored within the memory of the electronic controller to extract information or manipulate the actuators. An information exchange system between microcomputer control units is described which allows trading of information. In this way, no sensors need be duplicated and each microcomputer serves as a single concentrator which permits sending a large group of facts from one part of the vehicle to another using only a few wires.</div>
A <i>uvs-5</i> Strain Is Deficient for a Mitofusin Gene Homologue, <i>fzo1</i> , Involved in Maintenance of Long Life Span in Neurospora crassa (2012)

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that continuously fuse and divide. To maintain mitochondria, cells establish an equilibrium of fusion and fission events, which are mediated by dynamin-like GTPases. We previously showed that an mus-10 strain, a mutagen-sensitive strain of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, is defective in an F-box protein that is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), long life span, and mitochondrial morphology. Similarly, a uvs-5 mutant accumulates deletions within its mtDNA, has a shortened life span, and harbors fragmented mitochondria, the latter of which is indicative of an imbalance between mitochondrial fission and fusion. Since the uvs-5 mutation maps very close to the locus of fzo1, encoding a mitofusin homologue thought to mediate mitochondrial outer membrane fusion, we determined the sequence of the fzo1 gene in the uvs-5 mutant. A single amino acid substitution (Q368R) was found in the GTPase domain of the FZO1 protein. Expression of wild-type FZO1 in the uvs-5 strain rescued the mutant phenotypes, while expression of a mutant FZO1 protein did not. Moreover, when knock-in of the Q368R mutation was performed on a wild-type strain, the resulting mutant displayed phenotypes identical to those of the uvs-5 mutant. Therefore, we concluded that the previously unidentified uvs-5 gene is fzo1. Furthermore, we used immunoprecipitation analysis to show that the FZO1 protein interacts with MUS-10, which suggests that these two proteins may function together to maintain mitochondrial morphology.
Aerospace lithium solid polymer batteries (1998)

Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space and Ultralife Batteries, Inc. are developing batteries for spacecraft and launchers based on Li-ion solid-polymer-electrolyte cell technology. These cells utilize a carbon anode, a manganese dioxide cathode and a solid polymer electrolyte. Electrode and electrolyte layers are thin and flexible. The electrode assembly is easily fabricated into thin, flat prismatic shapes using ordinary lamination techniques and is hermetically sealed in thin foil packaging. Cells ranging in capacity from 4 Ah to 50 Ah have been designed and are in development testing. The packaged cells have specific energies in excess of 100 Wh/kg. Prototype 30 volt batteries have also been designed and are being assembled and tested along with the critical battery cell charge management controllers needed to recharge all cells to full capacity while preventing overvoltage damage. The major results of this development effort are reviewed and the key issues for advancing this technology to flight qualification demonstrations are discussed.