gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RF CMOS Integrated On-Chip Tunable Absorptive Bandstop Filter Using Q-Tunable Resonators (2013)

A new approach for protecting sensitive receivers through large attenuation and its realization on-chip is presented for the first time. This paper demonstrates the use of absorptive bandstop filters that gives anomalously deep notches for a given quality factor. This approach is used in a fabricated design example to isolate a sensitive wideband LNA from interference in 45-nm SOI complementary metaloxide-semiconductor (CMOS). For reconfigurable RF front-ends, a frequency-agile design is newly developed with Q tunable resonators because an absorptive bandstop filter must balance both intrinsic Q of the resonators and the resonant frequency of the filter. Therefore, the design requires variable resistors, variable capacitors, and intimate coupling of inductors of disparate values. The layout of overlapping inductors on closely spaced metal layers is required for proper absorptive properties. The size of one filter presented in this paper is 310 by 340 μm, making it the smallest absorptive bandstop filter demonstrated so far. Despite using small-size, on-chip low-Q resonators in the bandstop filter design, an attenuation level from 31 to 63 dB and a frequency tuning range from 2.9 to 4.3 GHz are achieved with potential to suppress potential interference or an image frequency signal.
Bestrahlungsplanung für bewegte Zielvolumina in der Tumortherapie mit gescanntem Kohlenstoffstrahl (2008)

Bei der Kohlenstoff-Tumortherapie an der Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) werden Bestrahlungen mit dem Rasterscanverfahren durchgeführt. Bisher werden nur statische Tumore bestrahlt. Für Tumore, die sich während der Bestrahlung bewegen, ergeben sich Wechselwirkungen mit der dynamischen Strahlapplikation, die die Konformität und Homogenitüt der geplanten Dosisverteilung zunichte machen. Um solche Wechselwirkungen zu vermeiden, soll der Strahl der Tumorbewegung nachgeführt werden. Das Konzept wurde als Prototyp erfolgreich umgesetzt [Grözinger, Dissertation TU Darmstadt, 2004]. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das GSI-Bestrahlungsplanungssytem erweitert, um Dosisberechnung und Bestrahlungsplanung für atembewegte Tumore basierend auf zeitlich aufgelösten Computertomographien (4D-CT) zu ermöglichen. Dabei werden unter anderem Kompensationsparameter für bewegungskompensierte Bestrahlungen berechnet. Die Erweiterungen des Bestrahlungsplanungssystems wurden experimentell über Filmmessungen validiert. Anhand von Bestrahlungsparametern und Filmbewegung wurden Schwärzungsverteilungen berechnet und mit den experimentellen Daten verglichen. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen Messungen und Rechnungen war gut. Basierend auf klinischen 4D-CT-Daten wurden verschiedene Techniken zur Bestrahlung von Lungentumoren verglichen: Mehrfache, unterbrochene und bewegungskompensierte Bestrahlung gewährleisten die geplante Dosisbelegung des Tumors. Im Vergleich zu Bewegungskompensation werden unter Mehrfachbestrahlung sowohl eine 40% höhere Dosis im gesunden Lungengewebe deponiert als auch der steile Dosisgradient aufgeweicht. Bei unterbrochener Bestrahlung erhöht sich im Vergleich zu Bewegungskompensation die mittlere Lungendosis um 15% und es wird etwa die 2.5-fache Bestrahlungszeit benötigt.
Magnifying Smartphone Screen Using Google Glass for Low-Vision Users (2016)

Magnification is a key accessibility feature used by low-vision smartphone users. However, small screen size can lead to loss of context and make interaction with magnified displays challenging. We hypothesize that controlling the viewport with head motion can be natural and help in gaining access to magnified displays. We implement this idea using a Google Glass that displays the magnified smartphone screenshots received in real time via Bluetooth. Instead of navigating with touch gestures on the magnified smartphone display, the users can view different screen locations by rotating their head, and remotely interacting with the smartphone. It is equivalent to looking at a large virtual image through a head contingent viewing port, in this case, the Glass display with ~ 15<sup>°</sup> field of view. The system can transfer seven screenshots per second at 8 × magnification, sufficient for tasks where the display content does not change rapidly. A pilot evaluation of this approach was conducted with eight normally sighted and four visually impaired subjects performing assigned tasks using calculator and music player apps. Results showed that performance in the calculation task was faster with the Glass than with the phone's built-in screen zoom. We conclude that head contingent scanning control can be beneficial in navigating magnified small smartphone displays, at least for tasks involving familiar content layout.
Power Reduction of a Set-Associative Instruction Cache Using a Dynamic Early Tag Lookup (2021)

An energy-efficient instruction cache lookup technique with low area overheads is proposed. The key concept of this Dynamic Early Tag Lookup (DETL) method is to exploit the presence of instruction fetch-bubble cycles. In a fetch-bubble cycle, the index of the matching cache set can be determined earlier. Hence, the dynamic energy for parallel memory accesses to irrelevant cache banks can be saved. We implemented the proposed DETL algorithm on a 4-way set-associative instruction cache in a RISC-V micro-architecture, and tested its performance using the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite. The experiment results showed a 19.38% dynamic power reduction with an area overhead smaller than 0.1 %.
Design LDPC Codes without Cycles of Length 4 and 6 (2008)

We present an approach for constructing LDPC codes without cycles of length 4 and 6. Firstly, we design 3 submatrices with different shifting functions given by the proposed schemes, then combine them into the matrix specified by the proposed approach, and, finally, expand the matrix into a desired parity‐check matrix using identity matrices and cyclic shift matrices of the identity matrices. The simulation result in AWGN channel verifies that the BER of the proposed code is close to those of Mackay′s random codes and Tanner′s QC codes, and the good BER performance of the proposed can remain at high code rates.
CD69 is a stimulatory receptor for natural killer cell and its cytotoxic effect is blocked by CD94 inhibitory receptor (1999)

CD69 is a differentiation antigen expressed shortly after activation on T lymphocytes and other cells of haematopoietic origin, including natural killer (NK) cells. The function of CD69 on T lymphocytes acting as a costimulatory molecule in proliferation and lymphokine secretion is well established. NK cells express CD69 after activation by different stimuli such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or anti-CD16 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, although it has been shown that CD69 triggers NK-cell-mediated cytolytic activity, its effect on other NK-cell functions has not been studied. Furthermore, the possible interaction of CD69 triggering with other C-lectin type inhibitory receptors is not known. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine whether CD69-mediated NK cytotoxicity can be regulated by CD94 inhibitory receptor and the role of CD69 on other NK-cell functions different of cytotoxicity. The results show that CD69-mediated NK cytotoxicity can be abrogated by CD94 stimulation in NK cells expressing the CD94 inhibitory form of the receptor, indicating that CD94 regulates the cytotoxic events initiated by a wide variety of NK activatory receptors. We also show that anti-CD69 mAbs, not only triggered NK cytotoxicity, but also induce NK-cell proliferation, CD25 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, TNF-alpha production and Ca2+ mobilization in preactivated NK cells. These results suggest that CD69 plays a crucial role in NK-cell function contributing to sustain NK-cell activation, as it has been previously demonstrated in T cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Modified Peptides with C‐Terminal α‐Amino Aldehydes (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Noise-Resilient SRAM Physically Unclonable Function Design for Security (2016)

Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) circuits are designed to provide part-specific responses that are random across different copies of the circuit by exploiting the unavoidable process variations in nanometer scale fabrication. This property can be used as an important building block in security and cryptographic applications including key generation and challenge-response authentication. A major problem, however, is to ensure PUF response stability and reliability in the presence of circuit and environmental noise. SRAM based PUFs are most promising in this regard but still require extensive output error correction because the response of many cells in the memory array is not consistent. Unfortunately, all such "weak" cells cannot be determined in advance to allow their unstable responses to be masked out. In this paper we present a new SRAM PUF design that allows all the unstable weak cells to be reliably identified over the full range of operating conditions including temperature, electrical noise, and aging. By using the remaining "strong" cells, each instantiation of our SRAM PUF provides the same consistent and repeatable response every time it is challenged, without any need for error correction. Experiments reported here show that relatively few (of the order of 10%) SRAM PUF cells are truly stable in the presence of realistic circuit noise; in addition to the expected noise level, this number also depends on the random variability in the manufacturing process. Our simulation results show that the new SRAM PUF can be designed to maintain good robustness against any level of expect circuit and environmental noise, and is resilient to aging.
Amidolytic kinetic assay of protein C by selective spectrophotometry in a centrifugal analyzer. (1988)

This rapid, simple amidolytic assay of protein C activity in whole plasma involves activation by protein C activator from the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (Protac) and use of a Cobas Fara spectrophotometer programmed for kinetic assay. Plasma is incubated with activator venom in the presence or absence of antibody to human protein C in the instrument, chromogenic substrate (S-2366) is added, and the absorbance is measured at 405 nm. The difference between the absorbance of the sample plasma with and without antibody to human protein C correlated well with protein C antigen as assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Laurell rocket technique in normal subjects, patients being treated with warfarin, and patients with liver cirrhosis or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our mean value for protein C in normal subjects is 115.9 (SD 16.7)% for amidolytic activity, 103.0 (SD 17.4)% for ELISA, and 97.2 (SD 18.1)% for the rocket technique. The high value for normal subjects presumably includes some nonspecific amidolytic activity activated by the activator venom, as indicated by measurable activity in immuno-depleted protein C-deficient plasma. Within-run and between-run CVs were less than 5% at low, normal, and high concentrations of protein C amidolytic activity.
Thermal Conductivity of Gas‐Pressure‐Sintered Silicon Nitride (1996)

Si 3 N 4 with high thermal conductivity (120 W/(m . K)) was developed by promoting grain growth and selecting a suitable additive system in terms of composition and amount. β‐Si 3 N 4 doped with Y 2 O 3 ‐Nd 2 O 3 (YN system) or Y 2 O 3 ‐A1 2 O 3 (YA system) was sintered at 1700°‐2000°C. Thermal conductivity increased with increased sintering temperature because of decreased two‐grain junctions, as a result of grain growth. The effect of the additive amount on thermal conductivity with the YN system was rather small because increased additive formed multigrain junctions. On the other hand, with the YA system, thermal conductivity considerably decreased with increased additive amount because the aluminum and oxygen in the YA system dissolved into β‐Si 3 N 4 grains to form a β‐SiAlON solid solution, which acted as a point defect for phonon scattering. The key processsing parameters for high thermal conductivity of Si 3 N 4 were the sintering temperature and additive composition.
Implementing an efficient elliptic curve cryptosystem over $GF(p)$ on a smart card (2003)

Elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECCs) are becoming more popular because of the reduced number of key bits required in comparison to other cryptosystems (for example, a 160 bit ecc has roughly the same security as 1024 bit RSA). ECCs are especially suited to smart cards because of the limited memory and computational power available on these devices. This paper discusses an optimized implementation of the elliptic curve Digital Signature Algorithm implemented over the field $GF(p)$ on a Motorola smart card. Algorithms for point addition, point doubling and scalar multiplication are compared according to their timings. The effects of different memory usage, code size and speed tradeoffs which were considered during the implementation are discussed. Also, optimized point addition and doubling algorithms are presented.
Antenna array design for full duplex applications (2015)

This contribution aims to introduce the design, implementation and validation (measurement) of a two-element antenna array for full-duplex relay applications. The antenna array is designed to provide a large isolation between transmission and reception links which is obtained by changing the polarization of the channels and by designing a suitable radiation pattern of the transmission antennas. The design of the antenna array is developed using the characteristic S-parameters of the antenna elements.
Continuous Line Impedance Assessment of LV Feeders Using Smart Meters (2018)

This paper investigates the use of smart meters to measure the line impedance of LV feeders to provide information on the adequacy of protection settings, deteriorating infrastructure, damaged infrastructure, etc. The consequences of a broken neutral conductor are examined for the two earthing schemes used in South Africa. The feasibility of measuring the line impedance using smart meters is evaluated using an experimental model of an LV feeder with experimental smart meters located at customer installations. Experimental results showed that the smart meters can be used to estimate the line impedance to detect a possible broken neutral or protective earth and neutral conductor failure.
Opportunistic Networks: Challenges in Specializing the P2P Paradigm (2006)

We introduce the notion of opportunistic networks or oppnets, some of which can be considered a subclass of the peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Initially, a relatively small seed oppnet is deployed, which grows into a bigger expanded oppnet. Oppnet growth starts with detecting diverse systems existing in its relative vicinity. Systems with best evaluations are invited by an oppnet to become its helpers. The oppnet leverages vast collective capabilities and resources of its helpers, employing them to execute diverse tasks in support of its goals. Though oppnet characteristics make them a natural fit for emergency response applications, we expect that they will prove beneficial in many other application areas. We discuss challenges in the development and use of the oppnet technology. Oppnets that use P2P interactions can be viewed as a specialization of the more general paradigm of P2P networks. To the best of our knowledge, we were the first to define and are now the first to investigate oppnets
Nondestructive evaluation of debonding within plastic integrated circuit packages using different methods of acoustic microscopy (2003)

Summary form only given. A number of plastic encapsulated devices in the as-received condition were screened and documented using SLAM (scanning laser acoustic microscopy). Those parts containing flaws were then examined using a C-SAM (C-mode scanning acoustic microscope) to characterize the type of flaw and depth of the defect. Several of the defect-free parts were also evaluated on the C-SAM to characterize the appearance of typical devices. After the initial investigation, all the devices were thermally shocked. The devices were again screened and documented on SLAM to note any changes from their previous condition. The defective parts were again evaluated and documented on C-SAM to further characterize the defects. Several interesting results were observed from this investigation. In general, a difference in the acoustic properties of the encapsulants was noticed from manufacturer to manufacturer. This may be related to the appearance of defects in certain devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Definition of an immunologic marker for type II pneumocytes. (1989)

Based on our previous finding in lung parenchyma of high concentration of the shared epitopes of gp600, a well characterized kidney glycoprotein, we attempted to identify the anatomic site of these epitopes and characterize them biochemically. Affinity-purified polyclonal anti-gp600 antibody was used as the probe. Immunocytochemically in lung on light and electron microscopy the probe reacted exclusively with type II pneumocytes and no other lung cell. The reaction was also demonstrated on freshly isolated and cultured type II pneumocytes. Both approaches showed the reaction to localize on the cell membrane of type II pneumocytes. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled type II pneumocyte cell membranes identified two 270- to 290-kDa polypeptides as the reactive proteins. We conclude that the reactive epitopes for anti-gp600 in lung parenchyma are exclusively localized on type II pneumocytes and have a Mr of approximately 270 to 290 kDa and that anti-gp600 may be used as a specific immunologic marker for the type II pneumocytes. Finally, it is possible that the differences in the molecular forms of the cross-reactive proteins in lung and kidney identified in this report are the reason for the known non-nephritogenicity of rat lung for the induction of Heymann nephritis in rat.
The Conundrum of Security in Modern Cloud Computing (2014)

In today’s economic climate organizations are seeking greater cost-saving measures, increased agility, and scalability that responds to the rapid changes in technology and business. Cloud computing, with its low cost pay-as-you-go business model, is helping organizations manage these changes while transforming information technology (IT) into an engine that drives business. Benefits from on-demand clouds provide users greater portability and the ability to access information from virtually anywhere: at home, a client location, when traveling, or at the office. The reduced costs and increased flexibility, however, associated with cloud computing also come with complex security issues and increased overall risk. When cloud services are moved beyond organizational boundaries, outside the border firewall, security is heightened for most organizations and navigating the complexity of these environments can be daunting. In this research paper we seek to help organizations make pragmatic decisions about where and when to use cloud solutions by outlining specific security issues that enterprises should address. We use external research sources and explore current security trends within cloud computing in order to provide background information, related research, and conclusions. We make use of colleagues, textbooks, peer reviewed journal articles, and Internet websites related to information technology and information security. Each section of our research is formatted similarly and presents pertinent security information, techniques, and tools that organizations would need in order to make relevant decisions when utilizing Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), or Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
THE DENDRITIC CELL AND ITS ROLE IN IMMUNOGENICITY SYSTEM (1991)

Dendritic cells are a system of antigen presenting cells that function to initiate several immune responses such as the sensitization of MHC-restricted T cells, the rejection of organ transplants, and the formation of Tdependent antibodies. Dendritic cells are found in many nonlymphoid tissues but can migrate via the afferent lymph or the blood stream to the T-dependent areas of lymphoid organs. In skin, the immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells is enhanced by cytokines, especially GM-CSF. After foreign proteins are administered in situ, dendritic cells are a principal reservoir of immunogen. In vitro studies indicate that dendritic cells only process proteins for a short period of time, when the rate of synthesis of MHC products and content of acidic endocytic vesicles are high. Antigen processing is selectively dampened after a day in culture, but the capacity to stimulate responses to surface bound peptides and mitogens remains strong. Dendritic cells are motile, and efficiently cluster and activate T cells that are specific for stimuli on the cell surface. High levels of MHC class-I and -II products and several adhesins, such as ICAM-1 and LFA3, likely contribute to these functions. Therefore dendritic cells are specialized to mediate several physiologic components of immunogenicity ~ Abbreviations: APC, antigen-presenting cell; LC, Langerhans cells; MLR, mixed leuko
A comparison study of column flotation technologies for cleaning Illinois coal. Technical report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 (1994)

The objectives of this research project are to optimize the performance of six commercially available column technologies for the treatment of Illinois Basin coal fines and to compare their performance on the basis of the recovery-grade curve and column throughput capacity. During the previous reporting period, characterization of an Illinois No. S flotation feed sample was completed and tests on the Jameson Cell were initiated. During this reporting period, parametric studies using a Box-Behnken test design were conducted on the Jameson Cell, Packed-Column, and the Microcel. The results obtained from all three flotation technologies compared well with release analysis data. Excellent ash rejections of more than 85% were achieved by each flotation technology. However, for the test conditions used in this investigation, relatively low combustible recovery values were obtained from the Jameson Cell and the Packed-Column due to carrying capacity limitations. During the next reporting period, lower feed rates will be tested for these two technologies in an effort to improve recovery. Empirical models developed from the parametric studies will be used to predict the optimum operating parameter values. These optimum values will be used to obtain the best possible separation efficiency and maximum throughput for each flotation technology.
Data mining application for real-time distributed shop floor control (2002)

The classification model based on a decision tree representation offers a solution to the real-time scheduling, sequencing, and routing of jobs on various machines at a manufacturing shop floor. In the paper, a decision tree classifier is induced from data generated from simulation runs of a real-time distributed shop floor control system. The simulation evaluates the various possible states of the shop floor, using information about the existing machines, the expected waiting time in the queues, the number of jobs waiting in each queue, the throughput rate, cycle time, and the average earliness and tardiness. The decision tree classifier develops a description or model for each type of machine behavior, which can be used to select the best machine behavior with respect to the machine's goal.