gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Animal Models of Airway Sensitization (2007)

Asthma is a complex phenotype that involves multiple mechanisms, including adaptive and innate immunity as well as physiological and mechanical changes in the airways. A cardinal feature of asthma is airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a multifaceted reaction that can only be assessed in vivo. Mouse models of asthma replicate many of the features of human asthma, including AHR, which can be assessed using standard protocols. Examination of AHR in mice has provided important information about human asthma, primarily because the immunology of allergy is easily studied in mice, especially with the availability of reagents including genetically modified mice. In this unit we discuss the induction and measurement of AHR and the two most common methodologies: noninvasive measurement using a whole-body plethysmograph (WBP) and invasive measurement of lung resistance and dynamic compliance.
Reducing risk: location based micro-milestone payments and auto-generation of subcontractor payment processes (2024)

One of the greatest risks for clients lies in paying for work in progress. In an age of digital technology the development of a universal approach to the management of fair payments to subcontractors in Australia remains a challenge. Location Based Management (LBM) micromilestones has been suggested as an innovative solution to reducing the risk in progress payments. The location-based solution proposed focuses on work completion micromilestones to build process reference models for auto-generation of subcontractor certification and payment. Sub-contractors are vital for construction. Studies show that subcontracting for unique construction projects is both efficient and economical simply because general contractors are less skilled and more expensive than subcontractors. However, tardy payment remains a global problem. In Australia, payment systems rely on monthly lump-sum assessments of work, often after work has been completed. This retrospective method for validation of site-work is subject to error. Further, the lack of adequate site records often impedes compilation of a comprehensive payment record. This paper proposes a method that ensures payments are based on work completed and are connected to the productive delivery ofthe project.
[Comparative study of the antiglaucomatous activity of Glauplex 2 and pilocarpine nitrate on alpha-chymotrypsin-induced experimental glaucoma]. (1982)

The antiglaucomatous effects of Glauplex 2 and pilocarpine nitrate on alpha-chymotrypsine-induced experimental glaucoma were studied in 8 rabbits. Changes in intraocular pressure were measured over a period of 12 hours after a single instillation of Glauplex 2 or two instillations of 2.6 p. cent pilocarpine nitrate at t = 0 and t = 6 hours. The antihypertensive effect of a single instillation of Glauplex 2 was shown to be approximately equivalent to that of two instillations of 2.6 p. cent pilocarpine nitrate.
A Single and Two-Stage, Closed-Tube, Molecular Test for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) at Home, Clinic, and Points of Entry (2020)

The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a newly emerged strain that has never been found in humans before. At present, the laboratory-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the main method to confirm COVID-19 infection. The intensification of the COVID-19 epidemic overwhelms limited clinical resources in particular, but not only, in developing countries, resulting in many patients not being tested for the infection and in large queues of potentially infected individuals waiting to be tested while providing a breeding ground for the disease. We describe here a rapid, highly sensitive, point-of-care, molecular test amenable for use at home, in the clinic, and at points of entry by minimally trained individuals and with minimal instrumentation. Our test is based on loop mediated isothermal amplification (COVID-19 LAMP) and for higher sensitivity on nested nucleic acid, two stage isothermal amplification (COVID-19 Penn-RAMP). Both tests can be carried out in closed tubes with either fluorescence or colorimetric (e.g., leuco crystal violet LCV) detection. COVID-19 LAMP performs on par with COVID-19 RT-PCR. COVID-19 RAMP has 10 fold better sensitivity than COVID-19 LAMP and COVID-19 RT-PCR when testing purified targets and 100 times better sensitivity than COVID-19 LAMP and COVID-19 RT-PCR when testing rapidly prepared sample mimics. Due to fortunate scarcity of COVID-19 infections in the USA, we were not able to test our assays and methods with patient samples. We hope that such tests will be carried out by colleagues in impacted countries. Our Closed-Tube Penn-RAMP has the potential to significantly reduce false negatives while being amenable to use with minimal instrumentation and training.
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dialkyl-2-phenylindol-3-ylglyoxylamides. A New Class of Potent and Selective Ligands at the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor (2004)

We report the synthesis and the affinity data at both the peripheral (PBR) and the central benzodiazepine receptors of a series of N,N-dialkyl-2-phenylindol-3-ylglyoxylamide derivatives III, designed as conformationally constrained analogues of 2-phenylindole-3-acetamides II such as FGIN-1-27. Most of the new compounds showed a high specificity and affinity for PBR, with K(i) in the nanomolar to subnanomolar range. The most potent ligands (4-7, 9, 13-27) stimulated steroid biosynthesis in rat C6 glioma cells with a potency similar to or higher than that of classical ligands. The SARs of this new class of compounds are discussed.
NANOMATERIALS AS OPTICAL LIMITERS (2000)

Optical limiters based on several different classes of nanomaterials are reviewed. The systems under consideration include metal and semiconductor nanoparticles and nanoscale carbon materials. For the latter, the optical limiting properties of carbon nanoparticles, fullerenes, and suspended and solubilized carbon nanotubes are summarized and compared. Mechanistic implications of the available experimental results are discussed in terms of the comparison between nonlinear scattering versus nonlinear absorption as the dominating optical limiting mechanism for different nanomaterials and for different physico-chemical states of a nanomaterial.
Human complement protein D catabolism by the rat kidney. (1986)

Factor D (D) is an essential component of the alternative complement pathway. To determine whether D is catabolized by the kidney and, if so, at what site, we studied the renal handling of human D by in vivo nephron microperfusion and in vitro perfusion of rat kidneys. Human D was purified and labeled with 125I. Individual nephrons were perfused in vivo at varying rates with perfusate that contained 125I-D and [14C]inulin. When nephrons were perfused from proximal sites with perfusate 125I-D in a concentration of 3.0 micrograms/ml, urinary recovery of 125I-D increased (P less than 0.05) from 57.7 +/- 5.0 to 74.4 +/- 2.5% as tubule fluid flow rate was increased from 10 to 40 nl/min; recovery of 125I-D was less than (P less than 0.001) [14C]inulin recovery at all perfusion rates. At 20 nl/min, an increase in perfusate 125I-D concentration from 1.5 to 3.0 micrograms/ml was associated with an increase (P less than 0.001) in urinary 125I-D recovery (42.1 +/- 4.0 vs. 65.8 +/- 2.6%). Similarly, the addition of unlabeled D, 30 micrograms/ml, to 125I-D, 3.0 micrograms/ml, increased urinary 125I-D recovery (95.3 +/- 2.1%) at 20 nl/min. When nephrons were perfused from early distal segments at 10 nl/min, 125I-D recovery (91.2 +/- 4.3%) did not differ from [14C]inulin recovery (95.8 +/- 1.3%). In the isolated perfused filtering kidney, the concentration of intact 125I-D in the perfusate declined 60.3 +/- 14.6% over 1 h. 83.4 +/- 6.3% of the decrement in 125I-D was catabolized by the kidney; the remainder was excreted in the urine as intact D. When glomerular filtration was prevented by increasing perfusate albumin concentration to 16 g/dl, perfusate intact (125I-D) remained unchanged over 1 h. These data show that human D is catabolized by the kidney via glomerular filtration and reabsorption by the proximal nephron. Reabsorption of D appears to be a saturable process.
Development of a Mechatronic Platform and Validation of Methods for Estimating Ankle Stiffness During the Stance Phase of Walking (2013)

The mechanical properties of human joints (i.e., impedance) are constantly modulated to precisely govern human interaction with the environment. The estimation of these properties requires the displacement of the joint from its intended motion and a subsequent analysis to determine the relationship between the imposed perturbation and the resultant joint torque. There has been much investigation into the estimation of upper-extremity joint impedance during dynamic activities, yet the estimation of ankle impedance during walking has remained a challenge. This estimation is important for understanding how the mechanical properties of the human ankle are modulated during locomotion, and how those properties can be replicated in artificial prostheses designed to restore natural movement control. Here, we introduce a mechatronic platform designed to address the challenge of estimating the stiffness component of ankle impedance during walking, where stiffness denotes the static component of impedance. The system consists of a single degree of freedom mechatronic platform that is capable of perturbing the ankle during the stance phase of walking and measuring the response torque. Additionally, we estimate the platform's intrinsic inertial impedance using parallel linear filters and present a set of methods for estimating the impedance of the ankle from walking data. The methods were validated by comparing the experimentally determined estimates for the stiffness of a prosthetic foot to those measured from an independent testing machine. The parallel filters accurately estimated the mechatronic platform's inertial impedance, accounting for 96% of the variance, when averaged across channels and trials. Furthermore, our measurement system was found to yield reliable estimates of stiffness, which had an average error of only 5.4% (standard deviation: 0.7%) when measured at three time points within the stance phase of locomotion, and compared to the independently determined stiffness values of the prosthetic foot. The mechatronic system and methods proposed in this study are capable of accurately estimating ankle stiffness during the foot-flat region of stance phase. Future work will focus on the implementation of this validated system in estimating human ankle impedance during the stance phase of walking.
Polymersome-Based Drug-Delivery Strategies for Cancer Therapeutics (2015)

Polymersomes are stable vesicles prepared from amphiphilic polymers and are more stable compared with liposomes. Although these nanovesicles have many attractive properties for in vitro/in vivo applications, liposome-based drug delivery systems are still prevalent in the market. In order to expedite the translational potential and to provide medically valuable formulations, the polymersomes need to be biocompatible and biodegradable. In this review, recent developments for biocompatible and biodegradable polymersomes, including the design of intelligent, targeted, and stimuli-responsive vesicles are summarized.
Glaucoma : proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium of the Northern Eye Institute, Manchester, UK, 14-16 July 1988 (1989)

Twenty-four papers from the July 1988 symposium review current research and thought on glaucoma and discuss the scale of the problem, ocular physiology, early detection and perimetry, and management of open angle glaucoma, of secondary cases, and of complicated glaucoma. Among the topics: the epide
α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride polymerizations - a mechanistic analysis (1981)

Abstract
RIP-1/c-FLIPL Induce Hepatic Cancer Cell Apoptosis Through Regulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) (2017)

BACKGROUND Almost all hepatic cancer cells have resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. c-FLIPL and RIP-1 are apoptotic negative regulatory factors. This study investigated the role of c-FLIPL and RIP-1 in hepatic cancer cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS HepG2 cells were treated by TRAIL, RIP-1 siRNA, and/or BY11-7082. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. DISC component proteins, RIP-1, and p-p65 were measured by Western blot. Caspase-8 and caspase-3 were determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Single TRAIL treatment showed no significant impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis. HepG2 cells expressed high levels of RIP1 and c-FLIPL, while a high concentration of TRAIL upregulated RIP-1 and c-FLIPL expression but not DR4 and DR5. Single TRAIL treatment did not obviously activate caspase-8 and caspase-3. RIP-1 or c-FLIPL siRNA markedly induced cell apoptosis and enhanced caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities. Combined transfection obviously increased apoptotic cells. TRAIL markedly upregulated RIP-1 expression and enhanced p-p65 protein. Downregulating RIP-1 and/or BAY11-7082 significantly reduced NF-kB transcriptional activity, blocked cells in G0/G1 phase, weakened proliferation, elevated caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities, and promoted cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS TRAIL can enhance RIP1 and c-FLIPL expression in HepG2 cells. High expression of RIP1 and c-FLIPL is an important reason for TRAIL resistance. Downregulation of RIP1 and c-FLIPL can relieve caspase-8 suppression, activate caspase-3, and promote cell apoptosis. TRAIL mediates apoptosis resistance through upregulating RIP-1 expression, enhancing NF-kB transcriptional activity, and weakening caspase activity.
Initial feasibility testing of limited field of view magnetic resonance thermometry using a local cardiac radiofrequency coil (2012)

The visualization of lesion formation in real time is one potential benefit of carrying out radiofrequency ablation under magnetic resonance (MR) guidance in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. MR thermometry has the potential to detect such lesions. However, performing MR thermometry during cardiac radiofrequency ablation requires high temporal and spatial resolution and a high signal-to-noise ratio. In this study, a local MR coil (2-cm diameter) was developed to investigate the feasibility of performing limited field of view MR thermometry with high accuracy and speed. The local MR coil allowed high-resolution (1 × 1 × 3 mm(3)) image acquisitions in 76.3 ms with a field of view 64 × 32 mm(2) during an open-chest animal experiment. This represents a 4-fold image acquisition acceleration and an 18-fold field of view reduction compared to that achieved using external MR coils. The signal sensitivity achieved using the local coil was over 20 times greater than that achievable using external coils with the same scan parameters. The local coil configuration provided fewer artifacts and sharper and more stable images. These results demonstrate that MR thermometry can be performed in the heart wall and that lesion formation can be observed during radiofrequency ablation procedures in a canine model.
The Activity of Mammalian brm/SNF2α Is Dependent on a High-Mobility-Group Protein I/Y-Like DNA Binding Domain (1999)

The mammalian SWI-SNF complex is a chromatin-remodelling machinery involved in the modulation of gene expression. Its activity relies on two closely related ATPases known as brm/SNF2alpha and BRG-1/SNF2beta. These two proteins can cooperate with nuclear receptors for transcriptional activation. In addition, they are involved in the control of cell proliferation, most probably by facilitating p105(Rb) repression of E2F transcriptional activity. In the present study, we have examined the ability of various brm/SNF2alpha deletion mutants to reverse the transformed phenotype of ras-transformed fibroblasts. Deletions within the p105(Rb) LXCXE binding motif or the conserved bromodomain had only a moderate effect. On the other hand, a 49-amino-acid segment, rich in lysines and arginines and located immediately downstream of the p105(Rb) interaction domain, appeared to be essential in this assay. This region was also required for cooperation of brm/SNF2alpha with the glucocorticoid receptor in transfection experiments, but only in the context of a reporter construct integrated in the cellular genome. The region has homology to the AT hooks present in high-mobility-group protein I/Y DNA binding domains and is required for the tethering of brm/SNF2alpha to chromatin.
Food deprivation alters liver glycogen metabolism and endocrine responses to hemorrhage (1990)

Liver glycogen content, blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine were determined during 1 h hemorrhagic hypotension at 60 mmHg and 23 h thereafter in fed and two groups of 24-h food-deprived rats receiving either no infusion or 30% glucose intravenously during hemorrhage. Liver glycogen content was reduced by greater than 90% after 24-h food deprivation. Fed and food-deprived rats given glucose developed similar and substantial elevations of blood glucose during hemorrhage, whereas changes in blood glucose were modest in food-deprived rats given no infusion. In fed rats, liver glycogen was reduced by 60% during the 1-h bleed, but within 2 h after hemorrhage repletion of liver glycogen content commenced. By 6 h, approximately 75% of the glycogen lost during hemorrhage had been restored, and 23 h after hemorrhage liver glycogen content was six times greater compared with nonbled controls. Although glycogen levels increased after hemorrhage in food-deprived animals, the increase was negligible compared with that found in fed rats. Infusion of glucose during hemorrhage or adrenergic blockade after hemorrhage did not alter glycogen repletion in food-deprived rats. Posthemorrhage fed animals had high levels of insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine during hemorrhage, whereas insulin levels remained low in food-deprived rats despite exogenously induced hyperglycemia. It is concluded that rapid and substantial glycogen repletion can occur even immediately poststress. The conditions seem to be related to the nutritional state at the time of the insult.
Filtering Abstract Senses From Image Search Results (2009)

We propose an unsupervised method that, given a word, automatically selects non-abstract senses of that word from an online ontology and generates images depicting the corresponding entities. When faced with the task of learning a vi-sual model based only on the name of an object, a common approach is to find images on the web that are associated with the object name and train a visual clas-sifier from the search result. As words are generally polysemous, this approach can lead to relatively noisy models if many examples due to outlier senses are added to the model. We argue that images associated with an abstract word sense should be excluded when training a visual classifier to learn a model of a physical object. While image clustering can group together visually coherent sets of re-turned images, it can be difficult to distinguish whether an image cluster relates to a desired object or to an abstract sense of the word. We propose a method that uses both image features and the text associated with the images to relate latent topics to particular senses. Our model does not require any human supervision, and takes as input only the name of an object category. We show results of retrieving concrete-sense images in two available multimodal, multi-sense databases, as well as experiment with object classifiers trained on concrete-sense images returned by our method for a set of ten common office objects. 1
Border protection and human rights: The Australian defence force's challenge (2019)

In international law, it is considered a human right to be able to seek asylum from persecution. While the Australian government recognises this fact, the arrival of asylum seekers (predominately by boat) has become a toxic and pervasive issue in Australian politics. So much so that the government has often turned to the Australian Defence Force (ADF) to solve this issue for them and stop boat arrivals. Such use of a nation's military to potentially deny a human right poses notable ethical challenges in regard to the use of force, particularly considering the question of how much force the government is prepared to use to achieve these ends.
Screening of CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorbing Materials for Zero Emission Power Generation Systems (2007)

The global warming issue has resulted in a great demand in zero emission power generation systems. Recently a few new concepts have been proposed that promise to achieve zero emissions while delivering unprecedentedly high efficiency. In these concepts, CO2 adsorbing material (CAM) is a key component. This paper reviews briefly the current development in CO2 adsorbing material, screens the potential materials under the conditions relevant to those in zero emission power generation systems, and identifies the best candidate and the optimum operating conditions for the production of high-purity hydrogen. It is found that CaO is thermodynamically the best candidate among metal oxides for CO2 capture in zero emission power generation systems. There exists a region within which high-purity H2 can be produced in steam methane reforming and carbon gasification.
Conceptual Framework for Knowledge Sharing Initiative in Institution of Higher Learning to Enchance The Teaching Performance and Innovation (2015)

Institutions of Higher Learning (IHL) should cultivate the practice of sharing knowledge among lecturers for the purpose of preserving knowledge. Knowledge sharing is a mechanism which can result in the establishment of knowledge repository. This repository enables knowledge deposited be retrieved for further usage other than a way for preserving knowledge in Institution of Higher Learning (IHLs). The Reuse of knowledge from repository can improve the teaching performance and innovation among lecturers. The knowledge sharing initiative among lecturers enable knowledge deposited be retrieved for further usage other than a way for preserving knowledge in Institution of Higher Learning (IHLs). However, knowledge sharing initiative has not been established base on any guide or framework. Furthermore, factors influencing the initiative to the teaching performance and innovation ought to be revealed since there is no such research has been carried out. It is the objective of this paper to propose a conceptual framework for knowledge sharing initiative in Public Institution of Higher Learning (IHLs) in Malaysia which eventually improve the teaching performance and innovation. Qualitative approach is adopted by means of reviewing the literature in the area. The technology, organization and environmental framework (TOE) was used as a base to propose the conceptual framework. It is discovered that knowledge sharing framework ought to be tailored according to the jurisdiction of IHLs. Such a framework could serve as a guideline for future planning in setting up knowledge sharing initiatives, particularly among lecturers later.
Design and Synthesis of the Beryllium‐Free Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material Ba<sub>3</sub>(ZnB<sub>5</sub>O<sub>10</sub>)PO<sub>4</sub> (2015)

Access to the elusive deep-ultraviolet by direct second harmonic generation (SHG) enabled by a new beryllium-free zincoborate-phosphate crystal is reported. Ba3(ZnB5O10)PO4, exhibits large SHG responses at 1064 and 532 nm and a short 180 nm absorption edge. Centimeter-size crystals are grown, and quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate the key role played by ZnO4 tetrahedra in the enhanced optical responses.