gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive rate control through elastic scheduling (2002)

In real-time computing systems, timing constraints imposed on application tasks are typically guaranteed off line using schedulability tests based on fixed parameters and worst-case execution times. However, a precise estimation of tasks' computation times is very hard to achieve, due to the nondeterministic behavior of several low-level processor mechanisms, such as caching, prefetching, and DMA data transfer. The disadvantage of relying the guarantee test on a priori estimates is that an underestimation of computation times may jeopardize the correct behavior of the system, whereas an overestimation will certainly waste system resources and causes a performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for automatically adapting the rates of a periodic task set without forcing the programmer to provide a priori estimates of tasks' computation times. Actual executions are monitored by a runtime mechanism and used as feedback signals for predicting the actual load and achieving rate adaptation. Load balancing is performed using an elastic task model, according to which tasks utilizations are treated as springs with given elastic coefficients.
The transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow in porous sandstones: Mechanical deformation (1997)

Triaxial compression experiments were conducted to investigate the inelastic and failure behavior of six sandstones with porosities ranging from 15% to 35%. A broad range of effective pressures was used so that the transition in failure mode from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow could be observed. In the brittle faulting regime, shear‐induced dilation initiates in the prepeak stage at a stress level C ' which increases with effective mean stress. Under elevated effective pressures, a sample fails by cataclastic flow. Strain hardening and shear‐enhanced compaction initiates at a stress level C * which decreases with increasing effective mean stress. The critical stresses C ' and C * were marked by surges in acoustic emission. In the stress space, C * maps out an approximately elliptical yield envelope, in accordance with the critical state and cap models. Using plasticity theory, the flow rule associated with this yield envelope was used to predict porosity changes which are comparable to experimental data. In the brittle faulting regime the associated flow rule predicts dilatancy to increase with decreasing effective pressure in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations. The data were also compared with prediction of a nonassociative model on the onset of shear localization. Experimental data suggest that a quantitative measure of brittleness is provided by the grain crushing pressure (which decreases with increasing porosity and grain size). Geologic data on tectonic faulting in siliciclastic formations (of different porosity and grain size) are consistent with the laboratory observations.
Model-driven computational sprinting (2018)

Computational sprinting speeds up query execution by increasing power usage for short bursts. Sprinting policy decides when and how long to sprint. Poor policies inflate response time significantly. We propose a model-driven approach that chooses between sprinting policies based on their expected response time. However, sprinting alters query executions at runtime, creating a complex dependency between queuing and processing time. Our performance modeling approach employs offline profiling, machine learning, and first-principles simulation. Collectively, these modeling techniques capture the effects of sprinting on response time. We validated our modeling approach with 3 sprinting mechanisms across 9 workloads. Our performance modeling approach predicted response time with median error below 4% in most tests and median error of 11% in the worst case. We demonstrated model-driven sprinting for cloud providers seeking to colocate multiple workloads on AWS Burstable Instances while meeting service level objectives. Model-driven sprinting uncovered policies that achieved response time goals, allowing more workloads to colocate on a node. Compared to AWS Burstable policies, our approach increased revenue per node by 1.6X.
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α is necessary for invasive phenotype in Vegf-deleted islet cell tumors (2012)

In the mouse model of pancreas endocrine tumor, loss of Vegf (VKO) results in dramatically decreased tumor progression; however, the residual microscopic lesions show increased invasion into surrounding exocrine tissue. Double KO mice of Vegf and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) showed increased life span and suppressed tumor growth due to increased apoptosis. The increased invasiveness of tumors in VKO mice was diminished in DKO mice to the levels of wild-type mice. Compared to VKO mice, DKO mice also exhibited smaller changes in the expression levels of adhesion molecules, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and NCAM. These changes of adhesion molecules were not observed in the primary culture of the tumor cells under hypoxic conditions. Thus, the invasive phenotype observed under angiogenesis inhibition requires Hif-1α, but is not directly caused by acute hypoxia.
A biomechanical comparison of supplementary posterior translaminar facet and transfacetopedicular screw fixation after anterior lumbar interbody fusion (2004)

Stand-alone ALIF may not provide sufficient stability. Both facet fixations produced significant additional stability and both are comparable to TSR fixation. Although TFPS fixation revealed a slightly inferior result, TFPSs can be placed percutaneously with the assistance of fluoroscopic guidance and it makes the posterior facet fixation minimally invasive. Therefore, the TFPS fixation can be considered as a good alternative to TLFS fixation.
Vol 5 #1 Full Issue (2018)

Journal of Prison Education and Reentry Vol 5 No 1 Full Issue PDF
Dark Web Content Analysis and Visualization (2019)

The Dark Web, which is a vast array of encrypted online content and websites that can be only be accessed by the use of anonymizing tools such as The Onion Router (Tor), is currently a topic of serious concern because it has become a growth area for clandestine entities catering to forbidden activities and services such as illegal drugs and weapons, child pornography, sensitive information such as stolen credit card information, distributed denial of services (DDoS) tools such as Booter, and other antisocial activities. As a result, it is now being investigated by researchers, law enforcement agencies, security companies, and academic institutions around the world. However, there is not an efficient investigation method and it takes a lot of time. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the Dark Web, we analyzed a large amount of Onion domain name data obtained from using the "Ichidan" search engine and the "Fresh Onions" open source Tor. More specifically, we collected everything we could gather into an acquired Onion domain and then downloaded the top page. The Onion domain was then classified into six categories, including classification not possible, and a new domain was created from the downloaded top page text. Additionally, we implemented a simulator that is a directed graph created from the uncovered hyperlinks and connection states to the Dark Web were achieved with simplicity. We then attempted to determine the relationships and characteristics of each instance Dark Web content by reflecting on the graphed classification results.
Consolidation of Alumina—Zirconia Mixtures by a Colloidal Process (1991)

The relationship between the dispersion of colloidal powder particles in Al 2 O 3 –ZrO 2 suspensions and the microstructures of consolidated compacts was examined. Suspensions were prepared from Al 2 O 3 powder and ZrO 2 sol with average particle sizes of 390 and 62 nm, respectively. The dispersion was controlled by pH and salt concentration adjustments. The compacts composed of completely separated Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 layers were obtained from well‐dispersed suspensions with pH values below about 4 and salt concentration of 0.0527 M. An increase in pH or salt concentration resulted in macroscopically uniform compacts. The compacts made from suspensions with pH values above about 7, however, were composed of a mixture of Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 agglomerates, with one acting as a matrix and the other a dispersed phase. Suspensions with a pH value of 4.5 and optimum salt concentrations resulted in compacts with microscopically uniform microstructure. Above or below these salt concentrations, ZrO 2 agglomerates were distributed in an Al 2 O 3 matrix. The optimum concentration was dependent on solid content. In addition, the dispersion of mixed suspensions was compared with those of single‐component suspensions. The ZrO 2 particles formed three‐dimensional networks during agglomeration, which reduced the component separation in suspensions and during consolidation.
Detection and expression of DNA homologous to the tox gene in nontoxinogenic isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae (1983)

Three probes have been described which can be used to detect the presence of DNA sequences homologous to the tox gene of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Probes "A" and "B" detected sequences coding for A and B fragments of diphtheria toxin, respectively. The third "A-B" probe contained both the A and B coding sequences. The B probe was completely unambiguous in detecting only toxin-related sequences, and the A probe was only slightly less so. The efficacy of the probes was tested on a series of toxinogenic and nontoxinogenic isolates of C. diphtheriae. All isolates which were toxinogenic as characterized by the gel immunodiffusion technique gave positive reactions with the probes. Of particular interest was the finding that 14 of 43 nontoxinogenic isolates also carried DNA homologous to both the A and B probes. All 14 isolates were nontoxinogenic by the rabbit intracutaneous test as well as by the gel immunodiffusion test; however, 12 of them produced ADP-ribosylating activity, whereas two were negative. The isolates producing ADP-ribosylating activity belonged to a cohort of cultures, of which 11 were isolated in South Dakota and 1 was isolated in Montana. Genomic DNAs of all 12 appeared to be identical when restriction enzyme digest patterns were compared, and the same fragment carried the tox gene in all of them. The tox-bearing nontoxinogenic isolates from Alaska and Florida each had unique restriction patterns and did not produce ADP-ribosylating activity. A number of genomic fragments of all the tox-bearing nontoxinogenic isolates hybridized with beta converting phage DNA. The significance of these observations to the natural history of diphtheria was discussed.
Fabrication of the Crystalline ITO Pattern by Picosecond Laser with a Diffractive Optical Element (2013)

This study presents the fabrication of crystalline indium tin oxide (c-ITO) patterns on glass substrate using laser-induced crystallization followed by chemical etching. In the proposed approach, an amorphous ITO (a-ITO) thin film was transformed into a c-ITO structure over a predetermined area using infrared picosecond fiber laser irradiation with a 500 kHz repetition rate, under a single laser beam or multiple laser beams by diffractive optical elements (DOE). The residual a-ITO thin film was removed by an etchant solution, in order to form a uniform c-ITO pattern. The formation was due to the heat accumulation effect provided by the high-repetition rate of picosecond laser pulses.
Timed-release of mitomycin C from its agarose bead conjugate. (1977)

A new derivative of mitomycin C, mitomycin C-agarose bead conjugate, was synthesized by using cyanogen bromide method. Biologically active mitomycin C was released successively from the conjugate with a half-life of about 6 day in vitro, and also in vivo following subcutaneous injection of conjugate.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol for Alzheimer disease (2015)

This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with AD resveratrol is safe, well-tolerated, and alters some AD biomarker trajectories. The study is rated Class II because more than 2 primary outcomes were designated.
Photoelectrochemical roughening of p‐GaN for light extraction from GaN/InGaN light emitting diodes (2009)

Abstract A method for photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of Ga‐face, p ‐type GaN is presented using GaN/InGaN heterostructures. This technique, which does not require any special epitaxial structure, flip chip bonding, or complicated processing, is used to roughen p ‐side‐up lightemitting diodes (LEDs) to increase extraction efficiency. The extraction efficiency is increased by 20 ± 5% for roughened LEDs compared to nearby unetched LEDs, without any effect on the electrical properties of the devices. This is the first report of rapid, external‐bias free PEC etching of p ‐type GaN, which could have broad applications to low‐damage selective etching for a variety of electronic and optical devices. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of proteolytic enzymes on the outer membrane proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1981)

Proteolytic enzymes inhibit the growth of some strains and opacity variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. To understand the inhibitory effects of these enzymes, we examined several strains to determine the actions of proteases on the three predominant proteins in gonococcal outer membranes. namely, the major outer membrane protein (protein I), the sometimes-expressed opaque protein (protein II), and protein III. In a comparison of the protein I species expressed by different strains, we observed a pattern based on subunit molecular weight and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Protein I species having molecular weights of 34,000 were more susceptible to proteolysis, whereas protein I species having molecular weights of 33,000 were less susceptible, and protein I species having molecular weights of 32,000 were resistant. This pattern was observed both in intact cells and in purified outer membranes. All of the enzymes degraded protein II, but this susceptibility appeared to be influenced in part by the species of protein I present. Protein III was resistant to all of the proteolytic enzymes tested. Based on the resulting fragments from each proteolytic cleavage of proteins I and II and their membrane associations, we suggest how these proteins may be arranged in intact membranes. Our data suggested the presence of an endogenous gonococcal enzyme. This enzyme appeared to degrade proteins I and II into fragments resembling the fragments resulting from the action of chymotrypsin.
Avoiding False Negatives: Are Some Auditory Hallucinations an Evolved Design Flaw? (2009)

The clinical implications of the model are discussed.
Efficient Aerobic Wacker Oxidation of Styrenes Using Palladium Bis(isonitrile) Catalysts (2009)

The palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alkenes and especially styrenes (Wacker oxidation) by using chiral pseudo C(2)-symmetrical bis(isonitrile) ligands in the absence of further cocatalysts gives rise to methyl ketones in a highly chemoselective manner. The palladium bis(isonitrile) catalyst was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure analysis, revealing a dissymmetric coordination of palladium by the two isonitrile moieties.
Central Bank Risk Management, Fintech, and Cybersecurity (2021)

Based on technical assistance to central banks by the IMF’s Monetary and Capital Markets Department and Information Technology Department, this paper examines fintech and the related area of cybersecurity from the perspective of central bank risk management. The paper draws on findings from the IMF Article IV Database, selected FSAP and country cases, and gives examples of central bank risks related to fintech and cybersecurity. The paper highlights that fintech- and cybersecurity-related risks for central banks should be addressed by operationalizing sound internal risk management by establishing and strengthening an integrated risk management approach throughout the organization, including a dedicated risk management unit, ongoing sensitizing and training of Board members and staff, clear reporting lines, assessing cyber resilience and security posture, and tying risk management into strategic planning.. Given the fast-evolving nature of such risks, central banks could make use of timely and regular inputs from external experts.
Surface Fissuring of Polyurethanes Following <i>In Vivo</i> Exposure (1985)

Compared to standard silicone elastomers, polyurethanes offer enhanced mechanical properties, improved durability, and reduced wall thickness for pacing leads. These thinner-wall polyurethane leads can be used in smaller vessels, or will allow multiple leads to be introduced into a single vein. Recent reports have shown that pacing leads made with Pellethane 2363-80A exhibit shallow surface fissuring; some pacemaker or lead constructions have failed, particularly at areas of chronic mechanical stress. Several mechanisms have been proposed as the cause of surface fissuring: protein absorption with associated swelling, leaching of low molecular weight substances to the surface, or lipid absorption. However, there is little evidence supporting any of these mechanisms. Our studies suggest that polyether-based polyurethanes are susceptible to in vivo oxidation of the polyether chain. In this chain, the most susceptible group is the -CH2 group in the alpha position to the ether oxygen, which undergoes peroxidation, free radical dissociation, and, eventually, chain cleavage, possibly leading to a reduction in molecular weight averages. Attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) studies at the surface of the fissured polyurethanes have shown the presence of oxidative byproducts such as hydroxyl end groups (-OH). Based on these preliminary results, we hypothesize that progressive surface degradation is caused, in part, by stress-induced oxidation of the polyether macroglycol used in the synthesis of polyurethane elastomers. Our hypothesis has been reinforced by experimental evidence that surface cracking can be significantly reduced, if not eliminated, by using higher-durometer polyurethanes, because these polymers contain fewer polyether macroglycol chains in the molecular backbone.
Switching Virally Suppressed, Treatment-Experienced Patients to a Raltegravir-Containing Regimen Does Not Alter Levels of HIV-1 DNA (2012)

The switch to a raltegravir containing regimen was not associated with a significant change in HIV-1 total DNA levels in this cohort. There were no observed changes in the levels of HIV-1 2-LTR circles associated with raltegravir treatment initiation.
p53 gene mutations in gastric cancer metastases and in gastric cancer cell lines derived from metastases. (1991)

Structural alterations of the p53 gene were investigated in tissue specimens of gastric and cervical cancers and in cell lines of gastric, esophageal, and cervical cancers, by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Two of the four gastric cancer metastases and four of the eight cell lines originally established from gastric cancer metastases were found to have p53 gene alterations in the exon 5 to 11 region; point mutations and amino acid replacements were detected in a liver and an ovary metastasis at exon 7, in the TMK1 and MKN1 cell lines at exon 5, and in the OKAJIMA cell line at exon 10. The normal allele was not found in these cell lines. In the KATO-III cell line, gross deletion and rearrangement of the p53 gene were noted. However, no p53 mutations were identified in 19 primary lesions of gastric cancer, suggesting that the p53 gene abnormality preferentially occurs in the advanced stages of gastric cancer. In contrast to the gastric cancer, none of the 13 esophageal cancer cell lines, including two cell lines established from metastases, and none of the four cervical cancer cell lines showed any aberration in exons 5 to 11 of the p53 gene. During the course of the study, a novel polymorphism in intron 7 of the p53 gene was found, which can be recognized by restriction enzyme digestions of the polymerase chain reaction product.
Cu barrier/seed technology development for sub-0.10 micron copper chips (2002)

Advanced PVD technologies have been reviewed for copper barrier-seed applications for different device nodes. Each new device generation requires improved step coverage and reduced overhang. With each shift in deposition technology, there have been process and hardware advancements to meet decreasing feature sizes and increasing aspect ratios. The extension of PVD to 0.1 /spl mu/m has delayed the need for a CVD barrier and seed solution. However, PVD's limitations in step coverage, and the introduction of porous low-k dielectrics may necessitate a transition to CVD barriers below 0.10 /spl mu/m. The process integration of SIP-Cu and a proven barrier solution TDMAT (tetrakis dimethyl amino titanium)-based CVD TiSiN is also discussed in this paper.
Java language API superbible (1996)

Overview of Java: the Java language programming in Java. Basic classes: global classes numbers other primitive classes strings. Execution classes: system classes threads exceptions creating classes at runtime. Java I/O: basic I/O file I/O additional I/O. Java debug tools: Java debugging. Appendices: class interface inheritance diagnosis exception cross reference native methods.
Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection (2019)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently produced during viral infections. Generation of these ROS can be both beneficial and detrimental for many cellular functions. When overwhelming the antioxidant defense system, the excess of ROS induces oxidative stress. Viral infections lead to diseases characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, with oxidative stress being one of their hallmarks. In many cases, ROS can, in turn, enhance viral replication leading to an amplification loop. Another important parameter for viral replication and pathogenicity is the nutritional status of the host. Viral infection simultaneously increases the demand for micronutrients and causes their loss, which leads to a deficiency that can be compensated by micronutrient supplementation. Among the nutrients implicated in viral infection, selenium (Se) has an important role in antioxidant defense, redox signaling and redox homeostasis. Most of biological activities of selenium is performed through its incorporation as a rare amino acid selenocysteine in the essential family of selenoproteins. Selenium deficiency, which is the main regulator of selenoprotein expression, has been associated with the pathogenicity of several viruses. In addition, several selenoprotein members, including glutathione peroxidases (GPX), thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD) seemed important in different models of viral replication. Finally, the formal identification of viral selenoproteins in the genome of molluscum contagiosum and fowlpox viruses demonstrated the importance of selenoproteins in viral cycle.
Photoelectron emission microscopy observation of inversion domain boundaries of GaN-based lateral polarity heterostructures (2003)

An intentionally grown GaN film with laterally patterned Ga- and N-face polarities is studied using in situ UV-photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). Before chemical vapor cleaning of the surface, the emission contrast between the Ga- and N-face polarities regions was not significant. However, after cleaning the emission contrast between the different polarity regions was enhanced such that the N-face regions exhibited increased emission over the Ga-face regions. The results indicate that the emission threshold of the N-face region is lower than that of the Ga face. Moreover, bright emission was detected from regions around the inversion domain boundaries of the lateral polarity heterostructure. The PEEM polarity contrast and intense emission from the inversion domain boundary regions are discussed in terms of the built-in lateral field and the surface band bending induced by the polarization bound surface charges.