gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using hospital discharge data for disease surveillance. (1996)

The authors examine the effectiveness of using hospital discharge data in assessing trends and geographic variations in the occurrence of selected chronic diseases. The Chronic Disease Surveillance System, in place from 1987 to 1991, used hospital discharge data, and Cancer Registry data to tract selected chronic diseases. The authors reviewed data on three diseases: breast cancer, cervical cancer, and lung cancer. A computerized algorithm was used to link multiple records representing a single disease occurrence. To estimate disease occurrence rates from hospital discharge data, repeat admissions for the same disease in any given calendar year were discounted. All rates were directly age-adjusted to the 1985 Maine state population. For all three diseases, the rates obtained from hospital discharge data were higher than Cancer Registry rates. Possible causes for the discrepancies and suggestions for improving the utility of hospital discharge data for chronic disease surveillance are discussed.
Modeling and Simulation of integrated steering and braking control for vehicle active safety system (2011)

Active chassis systems like braking, steering, suspension and propulsion systems are increasingly entering the market. In addition to their basic functions, these systems may be used for functions of integrated vehicle dynamics control. An experimental platform which aims to study the integration control of steering and braking is designed due to the research requirement of vehicle active safety control strategy in this paper. A test vehicle which is equipped with the systems of steer-by-wire and brake-bywire is provided and the Autobox, combined with Matlab/simulink and MSCCarsim, is used to fulfill the RCP (Rapid Control Prototyping) and HIL (Hardware-in-loop). The seven-freedom vehicle model is constructed first and the approach of vehicle parameters estimation based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed. Testing the vehicle state through the sensor has its own disadvantage that the cost is high and easily affected by environment outside. To find a actual method of receiving the vehicle state using the ready-made sensors in vehicle, the researchers put forward various estimation method, of which have advantages and disadvantages. Based on the above, this paper applies the EKF to estimate the vehicle state, making the actual estimation come true. The primary control methods and controller designment is carried out to prove the validation of the platform.
Fur regulation of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and iron-acquisition systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43 (2010)

The ferric uptake regulator Fur has been reported to repress the expression of rmpA, a regulatory gene for the mucoid phenotype, leading to decreased capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43. Here, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that Fur also repressed the expression of the CPS regulatory genes rmpA2 and rcsA. Interestingly, deletion of rmpA or rcsA but not rmpA2 from the Δfur strain was able to suppress the deletion effect of Fur. The availability of extracellular iron affected the amount of CPS, suggesting that Fur regulates CPS biosynthesis in an Fe(II)-dependent manner. Increased production of siderophores was observed in the Δfur strain, suggesting that uptake of extracellular iron in K. pneumoniae is regulated by Fur. Fur titration assays and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that at least six of the eight putative iron-acquisition systems, identified by a blast search in the contig database of K. pneumoniae CG43, were directly repressed by Fur. We conclude that Fur has a dual role in the regulation of CPS biosynthesis and iron acquisition in K. pneumoniae.
Neurotrophin 4/5 is a trophic factor for mammalian facial motor neurons. (1994)

The survival of developing motor neurons depends on factors secreted from skeletal muscles and from cells within the central nervous system. Although several members of the nerve growth factor protein family [neurotrophins (NTs)] are able to maintain developing rat motor neurons in vitro, only the brain-derived neurotrophic factor has been shown to have significant effects on the survival of motor neurons in vivo. In the present study, we demonstrate that NT-4/5 also prevents injury-induced death of facial motor neurons in neonatal rats. Furthermore, facial motor neurons express a functional receptor for NT-4/5, whereas mRNA-encoding NT-4/5 can be detected in their environment throughout embryonic and postnatal life. Thus, both NT-4/5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor may be physiological survival factors for facial motor neurons and may serve as therapeutic agents for motor neuron disease.
Joint inversion of seismic traveltimes and gravity data on unstructured grids with application to mineral exploration (2010)

Seismic methods continue to receive interest for use in mineral exploration due to the much higher resolution potential of seismic data compared to the techniques traditionally used, namely gravity, magnetics, resistivity and electromagnetics. However, the complicated geology often encountered in hard‐rock exploration can make data processing and interpretation difficult. Inverting seismic data jointly with a complimentary dataset can help overcome these difficulties and facilitate the construction of a common Earth model. We consider the joint inversion of seismic traveltimes and gravity data. Our joint inversion approach incorporates measures of model similarity (i.e. slowness versus density) that are both compositional and structural in nature and follow naturally from this specific data combination. We perform the inversions on unstructured grids comprised of triangular cells in 2D, or tetrahedral cells in 3D. We present our joint inversion method on a scenario inspired by the Voisey's Bay massive sulphide deposit in Labrador, Canada.
Fast and cost-effective in-process defect inspection for printed electronics based on coherent optical processing (2018)

This paper presents an all-optical difference engine (AODE) sensor for detecting the defects in printed electronics produced with roll-to-roll processes. The sensor is based on the principle of coherent optical subtraction and is able to achieve high-speed inspection by minimising data post-processing. A self-comparison inspection strategy is introduced to allow defect detection by comparing the printed features and patterns that have the same nominal dimensions. In addition, potential applications of the AODE sensor in an on-the-fly pass-or-reject production control scenario are presented. A prototype AODE sensor using a digital camera is developed and demonstrated by detecting defects on several industrial printed electrical circuitry samples. The camera can be easily replaced by a low-cost photodiode to realise high-speed all-optical information processing and inspection. The developed sensor is capable of inspecting areas of 4 mm width with a resolution of the order of several micrometres, and can be duplicated in parallel to inspect larger areas without significant cost.
Identifying Flow Clusters Based on Density Domain Decomposition (2019)

Flow clustering is one of the most important data mining methods for the analysis of origin-destination (OD) flow data, and it may reveal the underlying mechanisms responsible for the spatial distributions and temporal dynamics of geographical phenomena. Existing flow clustering approaches are based mainly on the extension of traditional clustering methods to points by redefining basic concepts or some spatial association indictors of flows and the implementation of classic clustering processes, such as aggregating, collecting or searching. However, current techniques still suffer from two main problems: poor identification accuracy and complicated parameter selection processes. To resolve these problems, a new clustering method is proposed in this study for arbitrarily shaped flow clusters based on the density domain decomposition of flows. Simulation experiments based on our method and existing methods show that our method outperforms the three most commonly used methods in terms of the overall identification rate and almost all F1 measures, and it does not require any manual adjustments during the parameter selection process. Finally, a case study is conducted on taxi trip data from Beijing. Several flow clusters are identified to represent different types of residents' travel behaviors, including daily commuting, return travel, tourism and behaviors on special days.
Venous air embolism in swine: transport of gas bubbles through the pulmonary circulation (1990)

The assumption that the lung is an effective filter for gas bubbles is of importance for certain occupations (e.g., divers, astronauts) as well as in the accomplishment of several medical procedures. The filtering capacity was tested in pigs by use of continuous air infusion into the right ventricle and a transesophageal echocardiographic transducer for detection of air in the left atrium. Twenty pigs, anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and mechanically ventilated, were divided into groups that received air at infusion rates of 0.05 (group 1a, n = 7), 0.10 (group 2, n = 6), and 0.20 (group 3, n = 5) ml.kg-1.min-1. Two pigs served as controls. The breakthrough incidence was 0, 67, and 100%, respectively. Group 1a received a second infusion of 0.10 ml.kg-1.min-1 (group 1b, n = 7), and spillover of bubbles occurred in only 14% of these pigs. Infusion of gas caused a maximum increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) of 129 +/- 9% to 39.2 +/- 1.3 (SE) mmHg, with no significant difference between the groups. Breakthrough was observed only in animals with a dramatic reduction in mean arterial pressure and a PAP that returned to almost-normal values at spillover time. Our results suggest that the threshold value for breakthrough of air bubbles in pigs is reduced compared with that in dogs. The hemodynamic consequences at a given infusion rate are, however, greatly enhanced.
Composition and Generalization of Context Data for Privacy Preservation (2008)

This paper presents preliminary results on anonymization and obfuscation techniques to preserve users' privacy in context-aware service provisioning. The techniques are based on generalizing request parameters as well as the context data provided to the application. Local context semantic aggregation is used to improve the quality of service that can be achieved while preserving privacy. The paper also shows how the software architecture of the CARE middleware can be extended to implement the proposed techniques.
Pathologies périnatales inexpliquées : apport de l'examen anatomopathologique du placenta (2011)

Objectifs : Décrire les lésions placentaires présentes lors de complications périnatales inexpliquées. Étudier les lésions associées aux pathologies maternelles récidivantes, et expliquer un accident per natal à l'aide de l'analyse placentaire. Matériel et méthodes : Notre étude est une analyse descriptive rétrospective d'une série de 124 patientes ayant accouché à l'Hôpital Couple-Enfant de Grenoble entre le 02 Janvier 2009 et le 22 Août 2010. Les données maternelles, néonatales et placentaires ont été recueillies dans les dossiers obstétricaux informatisés. Résultats : Des lésions vasculo-placentaires étaient associées aux pathologies hypertensives, aux RCIU, aux HRP, et aux pathologies récidivantes. Les lésions placentaires associées aux accidents per natals étaient la pigmentation des membranes. Des lésions de chorioamniotite étaient retrouvées chez 8,3% des patientes pour qui il y avait suspicion de chorioamniotite. Aucun type de lésion ne pouvait être corrélé au diabète. Des lésions vasculo-placentaires ainsi que la pigmentation des membranes étaient associées aux métrorragies per-partum. Les placentas associés aux accidents per natals montraient la plupart du temps des lésions d'apparition chronique et antérieures à la période per partum. Conclusion : L'examen du placenta permet de connaître les processus physiopathologiques à l'origine de pathologies périnatales inexpliquées, de confirmer ou infirmer un diagnostic, de mettre en place une stratégie préventive lors de pathologies récidivantes, et d'apporter des preuves objectives d'un point de vue médico-légal.
Mechanosensitive systems at the cadherin–F-actin interface (2013)

Cells integrate biochemical and mechanical information to function within multicellular tissue. Within developing and remodeling tissues, mechanical forces contain instructive information that governs important cellular processes that include stem cell maintenance, differentiation and growth. Although the principles of signal transduction (protein phosphorylation, allosteric regulation of enzymatic activity and binding sites) are the same for biochemical and mechanical-induced signaling, the first step of mechanosensing, in which protein complexes under tension transduce changes in physical force into cellular signaling, is very different, and the molecular mechanisms are only beginning to be elucidated. In this Commentary, we focus on mechanotransduction at cell-cell junctions, aiming to comprehend the molecular mechanisms involved. We describe how different junction structures are associated with the actomyosin cytoskeleton and how this relates to the magnitude and direction of forces at cell-cell junctions. We discuss which cell-cell adhesion receptors have been shown to take part in mechanotransduction. Then we outline the force-induced molecular events that might occur within a key mechanosensitive system at cell-cell junctions; the cadherin-F-actin interface, at which α-catenin and vinculin form a central module. Mechanotransduction at cell-cell junctions emerges as an important signaling mechanism, and we present examples of its potential relevance for tissue development and disease.
An efficient traffic management protocol based on IEEE802.11p standard (2014)

Nowadays one of the hot themes in wireless environment research is the application of the newest technologies to road security problems. The interest of companies and researchers, with the cooperation of car manufactures, brought to life and promoted the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) technology. In this work an innovative security system based on VANET architecture is proposed. The system is capable of increasing road safety through the inter-communication among vehicles and road infrastructures, also known as Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I), matching market and manufactures requests in a convenient and useful way. We design a network protocol called Geocasting Wave (GeoWave) that takes advantages of IEEE802.11p standard and tries to enhance it adding useful messages in order to increase active and passive safety system. In the proposal protocol vehicles share information with neighbors and Road Side Unit (RSU)s. In this work, we propose a network infrastructure able to continuously gather information from environment, road conditions and traffic flows. Once one of these occurrences is detected, all gathered information are spread in the network. This knowledge make possible to take precautionary actions in time such as traveling speed decreasing or switching to a safer road path when a dangerous situation approaches. In addiction, a smart traffic management is made exploiting gathered information by the Control and Management Center (CMC) in order to avoid traffic blocks trying to maintain a constant average speed inside city blocks. This can help to reduce vehicles' Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions in the city increasing air quality.
Unique Solid Phase Microextraction Sampler Reveals Distinctive Biogeochemical Profiles among Various Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents (2020)

Current methods for biochemical and biogeochemical analysis of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems rely on water sample recovery, or in situ analysis using underwater instruments with limited range of analyte detection and limited sensitivity. Even in cases where large quantities of sample are recovered, labile dissolved organic compounds may not be detected due to time delays between sampling and preservation. Here, we present a novel approach for in situ extraction of organic compounds from hydrothermal vent fluids through a unique solid phase microextraction (SPME) sampler. These samplers were deployed to sample effluent of vents on sulphide chimneys, located on Axial Seamount in the North-East Pacific, in the Urashima field on the southern Mariana back-arc, and at the Hafa Adai site in the central Mariana back-arc. Among the compounds that were extracted, a wide range of unique organic compounds, including labile dissolved organic sulfur compounds, were detected through high-resolution LC-MS/MS, among which were biomarkers of anammox bacteria, fungi, and lower animals. This report is the first to show that SPME can contribute to a broader understanding of deep sea ecology and biogeochemical cycles in hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
Notch sensors-a new signal processing method for interrogation of passive SAW sensors (2002)

A new signal processing method for wireless interrogation of a passive SAW sensor with multiple reflectors, utilizing the signal interference during overlap of the sensor's response bursts is introduced. Within this time interval, the amplitude or the phase, respectively, is measured. By varying the frequency of the relatively long interrogation bursts, destructive interferences (notches) are searched. So the measurand influencing the sensor or its identification information can be gained. The principle yields high resolution using a low cost interrogating system. The principle, the hardware effort and experimental results for temperature measurements are presented.
Synthesis of new smectic C<sup>*</sup> liquid‐crystalline block copolymers (1996)

Abstract A series of smectic C * liquid‐crystalline (LC) block copolymers were successfully synthesized via the living anionic polymerization of polystyrene with optically active methacrylate monomers containing ( S )‐2‐methylbutyl 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenylcarbonyloxy)‐biphenyl‐4′‐carboxylate mesogens. These materials are the first reported smectic C * block copolymers. Anionic polymerization in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at −70°C leads to LC block molecular weights of approximately twenty repeating units. The number‐average molecular weight of the polystyrene block was varied from 7000 to 20000 to adjust the composition in the block copolymers. Differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy indicate that the smectic C * phase is present in the systems over broad temperature ranges.
The Universal Parser Architecture for Knowledge-Based Machine Translation (2018)

Machine translation should be semanticalty-accurate, linguistically-principled, user-interactive, and extensible to multiple languages and domains. This paper presents the<em> universal parser</em> architecture that strives to meet these objectives. In essence, linguistic knowledge bases (syntactic, semantic, lexical, pragmatic), encoded in theoretically-motivated formalisms such as lexical-functional grammars, are unified and precompiled into fast run-time grammars for parsing and generation. Thus, the universal<em> parser</em> provides principled run-time integration of syntax and semantics, while preserving the generality of domain-independent syntactic grammars, and language-independent domain knowledge bases; the optimized cross product is generated automatically in the precornpllation phase. Initial results for bi-directional English-Japanese translation show considerable promise both in terms of demonstrating the theoretical feasibillty of the approach and in terms of subsequent practical utility.
Year in Review 2018 (2018)

In our annual review of the year's most important clinical research, the editors of NEJM Journal Watch try to balance relevance to general medicine and
Sparse Computation in Adaptive Spiking Neural Networks (2019)

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are bio-inspired models of neural computation that have proven highly effective. Still, ANNs lack a natural notion of time, and neural units in ANNs exchange analog values in a frame-based manner, a computationally and energetically inefficient form of communication. This contrasts sharply with biological neurons that communicate sparingly and efficiently using isomorphic binary spikes. While Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) can be constructed by replacing the units of an ANN with spiking neurons (Cao et al., 2015; Diehl et al., 2015) to obtain reasonable performance, these SNNs use Poisson spiking mechanisms with exceedingly high firing rates compared to their biological counterparts. Here we show how spiking neurons that employ a form of neural coding can be used to construct SNNs that match high-performance ANNs and match or exceed state-of-the-art in SNNs on important benchmarks, while requiring firing rates compatible with biological findings. For this, we use spike-based coding based on the firing rate limiting adaptation phenomenon observed in biological spiking neurons. This phenomenon can be captured in fast adapting spiking neuron models, for which we derive the effective transfer function. Neural units in ANNs trained with this transfer function can be substituted directly with adaptive spiking neurons, and the resulting Adaptive SNNs (AdSNNs) can carry out competitive classification in deep neural networks without further modifications. Adaptive spike-based coding additionally allows for the dynamic control of neural coding precision: we show empirically how a simple model of arousal in AdSNNs further halves the average required firing rate and this notion naturally extends to other forms of attention as studied in neuroscience. AdSNNs thus hold promise as a novel and sparsely active model for neural computation that naturally fits to temporally continuous and asynchronous applications.
First downscattered neutron images from Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (2013)

Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are designed to understand and test the basic principles of self-sustaining fusion reactions by laser driven compression of deuterium-tritium (DT) filled cryogenic plastic (CH) capsules. The experimental campaign is ongoing to tune the implosions and characterize the burning plasma conditions. Nuclear diagnostics play an important role in measuring the characteristics of these burning plasmas, providing feedback to improve the implosion dynamics. The Neutron Imaging (NI) diagnostic provides information on the distribution of the central fusion reaction region and the surrounding DT fuel by collecting images at two different energy bands for primary (13–15 MeV) and downscattered (10–12 MeV) neutrons. From these distributions, the final shape and size of the compressed capsule can be estimated and the symmetry of the compression can be inferred. The first downscattered neutron images from imploding ICF capsules are shown in this paper.
Generation of nanovesicles with sliced cellular membrane fragments for exogenous material delivery (2015)

We propose a microfluidic system that generates nanovesicles (NVs) by slicing living cell membrane with microfabricated 500 nm-thick silicon nitride (SixNy) blades. Living cells were sliced by the blades while flowing through microchannels lined with the blades. Plasma membrane fragments sliced from the cells self-assembled into spherical NVs of ~100-300 nm in diameter. During self-assembly, the plasma membrane fragments enveloped exogenous materials (here, polystyrene latex beads) from the buffer solution. About 30% of beads were encapsulated in NVs, and the generated NVs delivered the encapsulated beads across the plasma membrane of recipient cells, but bare beads could not penetrate the plasma membrane of recipient cells. This result implicates that the NVs generated using the method in this study can encapsulate and deliver exogenous materials to recipient cells, whereas exosomes secreted by cells can deliver only endogenous cellular materials.