gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymology of FK‐506 biosynthesis (1994)

FK-506 is a macrolide antibiotic with immunosuppressant activity. Structurally, this compound contains three methylated hydroxyl groups at C13, C15 and C31. Previous biosynthetic studies using stable isotope-feeding experiments have established methionine as the source of the methyl for these methylated hydroxyl groups. Based on this information and also the availability of the 31-O-desmethylFK-506, a metabolic precursor for the biosynthesis of FK-506, a S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent enzyme assay was developed and the enzyme 31-O-desmethylFK-506 O:methyl-transferase was isolated from an extract of Streptomyces sp. MA 6858 and purified to near homogeneity. 31-O-DesmethylFK-506 O:methyltransferase is a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular mass of 30,000 Da and a pI of 4.4. The first 38 N-terminal amino acids have been sequenced and are H2N-SDVVETLRLPNGATVAHVNAGEAQFLYREIFTDRXYLRH. Functionally, This enzyme has a requirement for Mg2+ with an optimum temperature of 34 degrees C and a pH of 7.4 for full activity. Moreover, it catalyses the methylation of 31-O-desmethylimmunomycin as efficiently as its own natural substrate, 31-O-desmethylFK-506. Additionally, FKMT catalyzes the C31 transmethylation reaction of 13,31-O-bis-desmethyl-, 15,31-O-bisdesmethyl-, 13,15,31-O-trisdesmethyl- and 31-O-19,22-cyclic-hemiketalimmunomycins, which are all structural analogues of FK-506. The reaction is, however, completely blocked if the vicinal hydroxyl which is present at the C-32 position of the 31-O-desmethylFK-506 structure is replaced with azide, phosphate or other substituents. Finally, evidence is presented indicating the close similarity of FKMT and DIMT, a 31-O-desmethyl-immunomycin: O methyltransferase, previously isolated from a cell-free extract of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var ascomyceticus, an immunomycin (ascomycin/FK-520) producer.
High-Temperature Sensing Using Miniaturized Fiber In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (2009)

A miniaturized single fiber in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed for high-temperature sensing. The interferometer has a microcavity in one of its arms, formed by removing part of the fiber core and cladding, while the other arm remains in the fiber core. Because the fiber core exhibits a temperature coefficient of refractive index which is different from that of air, the interferometer is sensitive to temperature variation. The microcavity structured interferometer also has excellent sustainability to high temperatures up to 1100°C . The system is compact, reliable and can detect the temperature at precise location.
Analytic design of optimum holographic optical elements (1985)

A method is developed for analytically determining the holographic optical element phase function which is optimum for transforming a set of input wave fronts into a corresponding set of output wave fronts. These sets are allowed to be infinite in the sense that the wave front phases can be given as functions of continuous parameters. The method can be tolerant of specified wave front aberrations with the optimum amount of these aberrations determined as part of the solution process. For many practical design problems, the phase function and its first derivatives will be continuous. The method is applied to the design of a 1-D Fourier transform holographic element with input wave front angle of arrival as a continuous parameter and optimum distortion of the output wave fronts determined by the solution. The resulting design compares favorably with other work using damped-least-squares optimization.
Nanorod PEM Fuel Cell Cathodes with Controlled Porosity (2010)

Arrays of long C nanorods were grown by glancing angle deposition on flat and patterned Si wafers, coated with Pt catalyst by magnetron sputtering, removed from the substrates, and tested as cathode electrodes in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Deposition on flat substrates yields a nearly fully dense nucleation layer with wide pores, followed by the formation of separated rods with an average width that strongly increases with rod height, from to 190 nm. In contrast, deposition on a patterned surface results in regularly spaced 50 nm wide pores and a rod width that only moderately increases with height, from 95 to 155 nm. Polarization curves on pure and for the two sample types are identical at high potential . However, the cathodes deposited on the patterned substrates yield considerably higher currents at low potential, with a 2 times higher limiting current density than those grown on flat substrates. The higher current in the mass-transport-limited regime is attributed to the 10 times wider engineered pores that facilitate transport to the active catalyst sites, resulting in a 5 times lower mass transport resistance at , as quantified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
A low-voltage generator-converter topology for Direct Drive Wind Turbines (2016)

In this paper, a new topology for direct-drive wind turbines with a low-voltage generator design is proposed. In the proposed topology, the grid-side converter is replaced by a three-phase single-stage boost inverter. As the boost inverter has the same topology as current source inverter (CSI), the need for dc-bus electrolytic capacitors is eliminated, therefore increasing the system lifetime. In this design, the inductance of the generator is utilized to eliminate the inherently required dc-link inductance in CSI resulting in a decrease in the overall system weight and size. The single-stage boost inverter enables conversion of a low dc voltage to a higher line-to-line voltage. This results in implementing a low-voltage generator design and allows a decrease in the number poles required in direct-drive wind generators. The proposed topology is supported with a set of experimental verifications using a laboratory scale 2kW 240V prototype of the generator-converter system running by a wind turbine emulator.
Abstract 968: Circulating microRNA-1290 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in human colorectal cancer (2016)

Abstract Background & Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in diverse cellular biological processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, invasion and survival. MiRNA expression patterns are found to be frequently dysregulated in human tumors, which is currently being exploited both from a basic science perspective and for its clinical usefulness as disease biomarkers. Circulating miRNAs are attracting major interest as potential noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify a novel serum miRNA biomarker for the early detection and/or evaluating prognosis of CRC patients. Methods: Comprehensive miRNA array analysis was performed using serum samples from patients with colorectal neoplasia (CRC: n = 3, adenoma: n = 3) and healthy controls (n = 3). Next, to verify whether the candidate miRNA possessed a secretory potential, we screened miRNA expression levels in culture medium from 2 CRC cell lines, followed by serum analysis from 12 stage IV CRC, 12 adenoma and 12 control subjects. Thereafter, we validated expression of candidate miRNAs in 179 primary CRC tissues, as well as serum samples from an independent cohort of 211 CRCs, 56 adenomas, and 57 control subjects. Results: Through microarray analysis, we identified significantly higher levels of miRNA-1290 (miR-1290) in serum from patients with colorectal adenomas and cancers. We verified miR-1290 overexpression in serum of CRC patients in a training cohort. In the validation cohort, serum miR-1290 levels were significantly upregulated in patients with colorectal adenomas (P &lt; 0.0001) and cancers (P &lt; 0.0001). Serum miR-1290 levels could robustly distinguish adenoma (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.718) and CRC patients (AUC = 0.830) from normal subjects. Serum miR-1290 levels significantly diminished after surgical resection of the primary tumor in the same patients’ serum specimens (P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, we observed a statistically significant positive correlation of miR-1290 expression levels between primary CRC tissues and matched serum samples (ρ = 0.482; P &lt; 0.0001). High miR-1290 expression in serum and tissue was significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Moreover, serum miR-1290 levels were an independent prognostic factor in CRC patients (hazard ratio = 4.51; 95% confidence interval = 1.23-23.69; P = 0.0096). Conclusions: Serum miR-1290, which might be secreted from primary CRC, is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC. Citation Format: Yuji Toiyama, Hiroki Imaoka, Hiroyuki Fujikawa, Junichiro Hiro, Susumu Saigusa, Koji Tanaka, Yasuhiro Inoue, Yasuhiko Mohri, Takao Mori, Toshio Kato, Ajay Goel, Masato Kusunoki. Circulating microRNA-1290 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in human colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 968.
Early improvement in cardiac tissue perfusion due to mesenchymal stem cells (2008)

The underlying mechanism(s) of improved left ventricular function (LV) due to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration after myocardial infarction (MI) remains highly controversial. Myocardial regeneration and neovascularization, which leads to increased tissue perfusion, are proposed mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that delivery of MSCs 3 days after MI increased tissue perfusion in a manner that preceded improved LV function in a porcine model. MI was induced in pigs by 60-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion. Pigs were assigned to receive intramyocardial injection of allogeneic MSCs (200 million, approximately 15 injections) (n = 10), placebo (n = 6), or no intervention (n = 8). Resting myocardial blood flow (MBF) was serially assessed by first-pass perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over an 8-wk period. Over the first week, resting MBF in the infarct area of MSC-treated pigs increased compared with placebo-injected and untreated animals [0.17 +/- 0.03, 0.09 +/- 0.01, and 0.08 +/- 0.01, respectively, signal intensity ratio of MI to left ventricular blood pool (LVBP); P < 0.01 vs. placebo, P < 0.01 vs. nontreated]. In contrast, the signal intensity ratios of the three groups were indistinguishable at weeks 4 and 8. However, MSC-treated animals showed larger, more mature vessels and less apoptosis in the infarct zones and improved regional and global LV function at week 8. Together these findings suggest that an early increase in tissue perfusion precedes improvements in LV function and a reduction in apoptosis in MSC-treated hearts. Cardiac MRI-based measures of blood flow may be a useful tool to predict a successful myocardial regenerative process after MSC treatment.
Bridged Quaterphenyls as Flashlamp‐Pumpable Laser Dyes (1987)

Partial bridging of the o,o′ positions of the aromatic rings in quaterphenyl gave superior flashlamp‐pumpable laser dyes. Alkyl‐substituted carbon bridges gave superior dyes to those containing oxygen or alkyl‐substituted nitrogen or silicon bridges. Dyes lasing in the 365–390 nm region with improved energy output, lifetime and solubility were discovered.
Voltage-controlled photonic oscillator (2010)

We report the development and demonstration of an X-band voltage-controlled photonic oscillator based on a whispering gallery mode resonator made of an electro-optic crystalline material. The oscillator has good spectral purity and wide, agile, linear tunability. We have modified the existing theoretical model of the opto-electronic oscillator to describe the performance of our tunable oscillator and have found a good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the measurement results. We show that the device is promising for higher-frequency applications where high-performance tunable oscillators with wide tunability do not exist.
Synthesis of Heteroaryl-fused Pyrazoles as P38 Kinase Inhibitors (2009)

The synthesis of pyrazolo-pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine heterocycles is described.In addition, we report the utilization of 2,4difluorophenoxide as a leaving group, to facilitate formation of the desired pyrazole adducts.
Differential Expression Profile of MicroRNAs During Prolonged Storage of Platelet Concentrates As a Quality Measurement Tool in Blood Banks (2018)

Platelet concentrate (PC) is a key blood component, which even in good storage conditions, susceptible to cellular damage over time. Hence, blood banks discard unused PC bags after 5 days of storage. Biomarkers of PC quality are therefore highly sought after in blood bank governance. We used the data (Gene Expression Omnibus: GSE61856) generated with next-generation sequencing to examine the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) from PCs that were stored for 6 days in a blood bank, that is, 1 day longer than is normally stored PC. We identified the 14 most differentially expressed miRNAs by comparing a control PC on the first day of storage with the PCs on each of the subsequent 5 days of storage from day 1 to 6. In all, we identified nine miRNAs with the downregulated profile (miR-145-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-331-3p, miR-338-5p, miR-451a, miR-501-3p, and miR-99b-5p) and five upregulated miRNAs (miR-1304-3p, miR-411-5p, miR-432-5p, miR-668-3p, and miR-939-5p). These miRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR in 100 PC units. As each PC unit is composed of platelets of five individuals, the validation was thus performed in 500 individuals (250 men and 250 women, comprised 18-40 years old adults). The data were analyzed with hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, which revealed the variation of mean relative expression and the instability of miRNAs half-life on the fourth day of PC storage, which coincides with time of onset of platelet storage lesions. These new observations can usefully inform future decision-making and governance in blood banks concerning PC quality.
Temperature-dependent x-ray fluorescent response from thermographic phosphors under x-ray excitation (2021)

Phosphor thermometry has been successfully applied within several challenging environments. Typically, the thermographic phosphors are excited by an ultraviolet light source, and the temperature-dependent spectral or temporal response is measured. However, this is challenging or impossible in optically thick environments. In addition, emission from other sources (e.g., a flame) may interfere with the optical phosphor emission. A temperature dependent x-ray excitation/emission could alleviate these issues as x-rays could penetrate obscurants with no interference from flame luminosity. In addition, x-ray emission could allow for thermometry within solids while simultaneously x-ray imaging the structural evolution. In this study, select thermographic phosphors were excited via x-ray radiation, and their x-ray emission characteristics were measured at various temperatures. Several of the phosphors showed varying levels of temperature dependence with the strongest sensitivity occurring for YAG:Dy and ZnGa2O4:Mn. This approach opens a path for less intrusive temperature measurements, particularly in optically opaque multiphase and solid phase combustion environments.
Semisynthetic Approaches to Laspartomycin Analogues (2007)

Laspartomycin C (1), a lipopeptide antibiotic related to amphomycin, consists of a cyclic peptide core and an aspartic acid unit external to the core and linking this to a C15-2,3-unsaturated fatty acid. This was reported initially to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, and more recent studies have shown that it is active against VRE, VISA, and MRSA isolates. The enzymatic cleavage of the fatty acid tail was accomplished with a deacylase produced by Actinoplanes utahensis and resulted in two peptides, designated Peptide 1 and Peptide 2. Semisynthetic derivatives of both peptides have been made, and the principal requirement for biological activity appears to be the presence of an acylaspartic acid.
Diagnosis and characterization of timing-related defects by time-dependent light emission (2002)

Technological advances such as flip-chip packaging, multiple hierarchical wiring planes, and ultra-high frequencies reduce the effectiveness of conventional diagnostic techniques. It has recently been demonstrated that light pulses emitted during circuit switching can be used to characterize the behaviour of integrated circuits. In this paper, a new method of circuit characterization using this technique is described. An example of the diagnosis of a timing failure caused by a resistive path to a single transistor is described.
Spectrum Sensing Falsification Detection in Dense Cognitive Radio Networks using a Greedy Method (2018)

This paper presents a method for detecting a set of spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attacks, in a geographic database (GDB) enabled cognitive radio (CR) system. Viewing the GDB as a type of non-orthogonal CS dictionary, the composite power spectral density (PSD) estimate at a candidate user is approximated by a small number of sensor nodes listed in the GDB. In a dense CR network, the PSD estimate at a CR may contain a mixture of spectrally overlapping signals. An implementation of the greedy algorithm orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is proposed to return a set of sensor nodes which are suspected to be in the vicinity of the CR. A sufficient match between the PSD estimate reported by a candidate user and the PSD that is sparsely approximated from the SNs in its area provides a confidence/trust metric, which can be used to detect potential SSDF attacks. Specific SSDF attacks are reviewed and some recent methods in optimal sensing matrix construction for CS using an overcomplete dictionary are applied to address some of the key operational challenges in this scenario. Simulations provide insight into the detection performance and show that the specified SSDF attacks can be detected amidst additive white Gaussian noise and dictionary mismatches.
Controlled english language for production and event processing rules (2011)

In recent years, event processing has matured from an emerging technology to one with pervasive uses in various industries. There is a growing segment of applications comprising a diversity of rule types that are developed by high-level users, who have business logic and process expertise rather than software development skills.
Thermochemical Nitrate Destruction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochemical Nitrate DestructionJohn L. Cox, Richard T. Hallen, and Michael A. LilgaCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 3, 423–428Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00052a013https://doi.org/10.1021/es00052a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Precision linac and laser technologies for nuclear photonics gamma-ray sources (2012)

Tunable, high precision gamma-ray sources are under development to enable nuclear photonics, an emerging field of research. This paper focuses on the technological and theoretical challenges related to precision Compton scattering gamma-ray sources. In this scheme, incident laser photons are scattered and Doppler upshifted by a high brightness electron beam to generate tunable and highly collimated gamma-ray pulses. The electron and laser beam parameters can be optimized to achieve the spectral brightness and narrow bandwidth required by nuclear photonics applications. A description of the design of the next generation precision gamma-ray source currently under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is presented, along with the underlying motivations. Within this context, high-gradient X-band technology, used in conjunction with fiber-based photocathode drive laser and diode pumped solid-state interaction laser technologies, will be shown to offer optimal performance for high gamma-ray spectral flux, narrow bandwidth applications.
Sequential cryogen spraying for heat flux control at the skin surface (2001)

Heat transfer rate at the skin-air interface is of critical importance for the benefits of cryogen spray cooling in combination with laser therapy of shallow subsurface skin lesions, such as port-wine stain birthmarks. With some cryogen spray devices, a layer of liquid cryogen builds up on the skin surface during the spurt, which may impair heat transfer across the skin surface due to relatively low thermal conductivity and potentially higher temperature of the liquid cryogen layer as compared to the spray droplets. While the mass flux of cryogen delivery can be adjusted by varying the atomizing nozzle geometry, this may strongly affect other spray properties, such as lateral spread (cone), droplet size, velocity, and temperature distribution. We present here first experiments with sequential cryogen spraying, which may enable accurate mass flux control through variation of spray duty cycle, while minimally affecting other spray characteristics. The observed increase of cooling rate and efficiency at moderate duty cycle levels supports the above described hypothesis of isolating liquid layer, and demonstrates a novel approach to optimization of cryogen spray devices for individual laser dermatological applications.
Geothermal fluids process technology (1984)

The available methods for processing geothermal brines are reviewed, and geothermal process problems and their solutions are presented. Scale control, steam cleaning, and brine disposal techniques are presented.