gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning With Sequences of Motion Primitives for Robust Manipulation (2012)

Physical contact events often allow a natural decomposition of manipulation tasks into action phases and subgoals. Within the motion primitive paradigm, each action phase corresponds to a motion primitive, and the subgoals correspond to the goal parameters of these primitives. Current state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms are able to efficiently and robustly optimize the parameters of motion primitives in very high-dimensional problems. These algorithms often consider only shape parameters, which determine the trajectory between the start- and end-point of the movement. In manipulation, however, it is also crucial to optimize the goal parameters, which represent the subgoals between the motion primitives. We therefore extend the policy improvement with path integrals (PI <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) algorithm to simultaneously optimize shape and goal parameters. Applying simultaneous shape and goal learning to sequences of motion primitives leads to the novel algorithm PI <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Seq. We use our methods to address a fundamental challenge in manipulation: improving the robustness of everyday pick-and-place tasks.
Barrier Layer Technology for Flexible Displays (2005)

This chapter will briefly summarize the development of thin-film barrier layers in various applications, and more concisely describe the OLED vapor barrier technical requirements (Section 4.2). This is followed, in Section 4.3, by a brief summary of relevant experimental methods used to measure gas permeation in thin-films. Attempts are made to delineate the advantages and disadvantages of each measurement technique. In Section 4.4 we describe some of the historical analytical/modeling approaches that have been invoked to explain the measured analytical results, and discuss some of the more important shortcomings of those modeling concepts. This is followed in Section 4.5 by presentation of an approach suitable to describe gas diffusion in multilayer thin-film structures. Transient permeation measurements are used to extract physically reasonable values for the in-situ effective diffusivity and solubility of the various polymer and oxide layers, as well as estimates of defect size and spatial density consistent with those parameters. The implications of these results are that lag times for permeant breakthrough in multilayered barrier systems are extremely long and are likely to dominate many of the results reported to date, rather than the commonly measured steady state flux. These findings are then discussed in relation to practical OLEDmore » encapsulation in Section 4.6, along with the need for new techniques for further improving the barrier quality. Section 4.7 contains the conclusions of the paper.« less
Assessing Molecular Phylogenies (1995)

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Inflammatory cytokines in major depressive disorder: A case–control study (2016)

Our well-characterized examination of cytokine plasma levels did not support the association of major depressive disorder with systemic inflammation. The heterogeneity of major depressive disorder, as well as a potential sampling bias selecting for non-inflammatory depression, might have determined our findings discordant with the literature.
Novel substrate-independent broadband micromachined antennas for mm-wave cognitive radio applications (2007)

In this paper, novel U-slot and Yagi-Uda micromachined patch antennas were designed based on the “micromachined elevation” technique to improve the performance of mm-wave cognitive radios in terms of gain, weight and bandwidth. The elevated antennas were fed with a micromachined probe connected to a CPW line on top of a high ε <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> substrate. By elevating the antenna from the high ε <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> substrate, high-performance antenna designs can coexist with compact feed networks in 3D module configurations. A 10dB impedance bandwidth of 31% and 25% were obtained for the U-slot and Yagi designs, respectively.
Fabrication of ceramic-ceramic composites by chemical vapor deposition. [SiC-TiSi/sub 2/] (1984)

Toughened ceramic composites were produced by the simultaneous chemical vapor deposition of two phases. Fracture toughness values were nearly double the value of SiC when CH/sub 3/SiCl/sub 3/ and TiCl/sub 4/ vapors were used to produce SiC-TiSi/sub 2/ composites. Other systems consisting of SiC and the metal or metal carbides of Ni, Cr, W, and Mo were examined. Equilibrium thermodynamic analyses of these systems were performed as a function of the chemical vapor deposition variables: temperature, total pressure, and reactant concentration. These calculations confirmed that the volatile species used early in this work (organometallic compounds of Ni and Cr and the fluorides of W and Mo) were not suitable for the production of toughened composites. Additional work is under way to produce composites from the oxychlorides or carbonyls of Ni and Cr or the chlorides or oxychlorides of W and Mo. Thermodynamic calculations also indicated that SiC and TiC should be codeposited when CH/sub 3/SiCl/sub 3/, TiCl/sub 4/, and a hydrocarbon are used as the coating gases. Much additional work remains to produce SiC-TiC composites and to control the morphology of the TiSi/sub 2/ dispersed phase so that optimum fracture toughness values can be obtained.
The 2013 face recognition evaluation in mobile environment (2013)

Automatic face recognition in unconstrained environments is a challenging task. To test current trends in face recognition algorithms, we organized an evaluation on face recognition in mobile environment. This paper presents the results of 8 different participants using two verification metrics. Most submitted algorithms rely on one or more of three types of features: local binary patterns, Gabor wavelet responses including Gabor phases, and color information. The best results are obtained from UNILJ-ALP, which fused several image representations and feature types, and UC-HU, which learns optimal features with a convolutional neural network. Additionally, we assess the usability of the algorithms in mobile devices with limited resources.
Directed Electric Field <i>Z</i>‐Alignment Kinetics of Anisotropic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Ionic Conductivity (2014)

In this study, the fast transient evolution of the electric field assisted thickness Z ‐direction orientation and assembly of clay particles is studied using a instrumented real time system that simultaneously measures in‐plane and out of plane birefringence. The optical anisotropy master curves are developed, connecting the exposure time and electric field strength with orientation, using a superposition principle. Z ‐oriented nanocomposite films manufactured through the R2R process show enhancement through thickness ionic conductivity, useful for membranes of batteries and fuel cells.
2D ultrathin core–shell Pd@Pt<sub>monolayer</sub>nanosheets: defect-mediated thin film growth and enhanced oxygen reduction performance (2015)

An operational strategy for the synthesis of atomically smooth Pt skin by a defect-mediated thin film growth method is reported. Extended ultrathin core-shell structured d@Pt(monolayer) nanosheets (thickness below 5 nm) exhibit nearly seven-fold enhancement in mass-activity and surprisingly good durability toward oxygen reduction reaction as compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Enhanced Si Passivation and PERC Solar Cell Efficiency by Atomic Layer Deposited Aluminum Oxide with Two-step Post Annealing (2019)

In this study, aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) films were prepared by a spatial atomic layer deposition using deionized water and trimethylaluminum, followed by oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>), forming gas (FG), or two-step annealing. Minority carrier lifetime of the samples was measured by Sinton WCT-120. Field-effect passivation and chemical passivation were evaluated by fixed oxide charge (Q<sub>f</sub>) and interface defect density (D<sub>it</sub>), respectively, using capacitance-voltage measurement. The results show that O<sub>2</sub> annealing gives a high Q<sub>f</sub> of - 3.9 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>, whereas FG annealing leads to excellent Si interface hydrogenation with a low D<sub>it</sub> of 3.7 × 10<sup>11</sup> eV<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. Based on the consideration of the best field-effect passivation brought by oxygen annealing and the best chemical passivation brought by forming gas, the two-step annealing process was optimized. It is verified that the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film annealed sequentially in oxygen and then in forming gas exhibits a high Q<sub>f</sub> (2.4 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>) and a low D<sub>it</sub> (3.1 × 10<sup>11</sup> eV<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>), yielding the best minority carrier lifetime of 1097 μs. The SiN<sub>x</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> passivation stack with two-step annealing has a lifetime of 2072 μs, close to the intrinsic lifetime limit. Finally, the passivated emitter and rear cell conversion efficiency was improved from 21.61% by using an industry annealing process to 21.97% by using the two-step annealing process.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in human and mouse red blood cell membranes and its interaction with ecto‐apyrase (2004)

Elevated blood ATP and increased red blood cell (RBC) ATP transport is associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this report, we demonstrate the presence of the wild-type and the DeltaF508 mutant form of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein in RBC membranes and its putative interaction with ecto-apyrase, an ATP hydrolyzing enzyme also present in the RBC membrane. RBC membranes of control and DeltaF508 individuals and of wild-type and CF transmembrane conductance regulator-knockout mice were examined by immunoblot using several antibodies directed against different epitopes of this protein. These experiments indicated that human RBC membranes contain comparable amounts of the wild-type CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein and the DeltaF508 mutant form of the protein, respectively. CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein was also detected in wild-type mouse RBC membranes but not in the gene knockout mouse RBC membranes. Antibodies directed against ecto-apyrase co-immunoprecipitated CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein of human RBC membranes indicating a physical interaction between these two membrane proteins consistent with ATP transport and extracellular hydrolysis. We conclude that RBCs are a significant repository of CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein and should provide a novel system for evaluating its expression and function.
Isolation and properties of β‐glucan synthetase from the aquatic fungus, <i>Aphanomyces astaci</i> (1984)

A β‐glucan synthetase was isolated from a membrane fraction of the crayfish parasitic fungus Aphanomyces astaci Schikora, strain Si. [ 14 C]‐UDP‐glucose was incorporated linearly for about 1 h at 30°C into an acid insoluble product. The apparent K m for UDP‐glucose was found to be approximately 4.5 m M and the apparent K i for UDP, a competitive inhibitor of the reaction, was 1 m M . The acid insoluble product obtained after incubating this glucan synthetase with[ 14 C]‐UDP‐glucose was partially characterized by glucanase treatment. This product mainly consisted of β‐1,3‐linked glucosyl units. Synthetase activity was not stimulated by MgCl 2 , but cellobiose as well as GTP and EDTA in combination or ATP alone enhanced enzyme activity. A high proportion of the A. astaci synthetase was probably already activated during preparation and not accessible to further stimulation by nucleotide additions as found for glucan synthetase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. No synthetase activity or any factors affecting this enzyme was present in the cytosol. An exudate prepared from the cuticle of the crayfish host, did not inhibit glucan synthetase activity in vitro.
Binding of the Universal Minicircle Sequence Binding Protein at the Kinetoplast DNA Replication Origin (2006)

Kinetoplast DNA, the mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomatids, is a remarkable DNA structure that contains, in the species Crithidia fasciculata, 5000 topologically linked duplex DNA minicircles. Their replication initiates at two conserved sequences, a dodecamer, known as the universal minicircle sequence (UMS), and a hexamer, which are located at the replication origins of the minicircle L and H strands, respectively. A UMS-binding protein (UMSBP) binds specifically the 12-mer UMS sequence and a 14-mer sequence that contains the conserved hexamer in their single-stranded DNA conformation. In vivo cross-linking analyses reveal the binding of UMSBP to kinetoplast DNA networks in the cell. Furthermore, UMSBP binds in vitro to native minicircle origin fragments, carrying the UMSBP recognition sequences. UMSBP binding at the replication origin induces conformational changes in the bound DNA through its folding, aggregation and condensation.
Comparison of topogram‐based body size indices for CT dose consideration and scan protocol optimization (2012)

Among the four topogram-based patient body indices, (E(topo)(')) is the most accurate for estimation of individual x-ray attenuation of the scanned body region. Thus, (E(topo)(')) is an optimal topogram-based patient body size index that is relevant for determining the proper CT dose level for individual patients.
Giant magnetoresistance in melt spun Cu-Co alloys (1993)

Cu1−xCox alloys with x=0.1 and x=0.2 have been prepared by conventional melt spinning. The rapid solidification process results in an extended solubility of Co in Cu although some Co precipitates already during quenching. In the as-quenched ribbons, the magnetoresistance (MR) is only of the order of 1.5%. It increases dramatically with the controlled nucleation and growth of Co precipitates from the supersaturated Cu matrix. The highest MR of 11% at 300 K occurs for Cu90Co10 after an aging at about 440 °C when the Co clusters are superparamagnetic. Saturation is possible only after a higher annealing or at lower measuring temperatures. For the optimally annealed samples the MR increases to 36% at 30 K.
Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Induces Expression of Biologically Active Bone Morphogenetic Protein-1 in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2013)

BMP1 is expressed in the human TM. TGF-β2 induction of BMP1 may be responsible for increased processing of growth factors and ECM proteins into their mature forms, resulting in TM stiffness and resistance to ECM degradation.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup B Isolates with Novel Recombination Sites (2013)

It is generally accepted that all primary isolates of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) contain a subgroup A virus (FeLV-A) that is essential for transmission. In contrast, FeLV-B is thought to arise de novo in the infected animal through RNA recombination events with endogenous FeLV transcripts, presumably through copackaging of RNA from endogenous FeLV and exogenous FeLV-A. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two novel strains of FeLV-B (FeLV-2518 and FeLV-4314) that were isolated in the absence of FeLV-A. The env genes of these isolates have been characterized previously, and the 3' recombination sites have been identified. We describe herein the 5' recombination breakpoints of each virus. These breakpoints were found to be within the signal peptide of the env gene and the reverse transcriptase-coding region, respectively. This is the first report of a recombination site within the pol gene of an FeLV-B genome and the first genetic characterization of multiple independently arising FeLV-B isolates that have been identified without a functional FeLV-A ancestral virus.
Enhanced elliptical aperture lens gun for color picture tubes. (1990)

An enhanced EA (elliptical aperture) lens gun is developed for large screen color picture tubes.
Urticalean rosids: circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on <i>rbc</i><i>L</i>, <i>trn</i><i>L‐</i><i>F</i>, and <i>ndh</i><i>F</i> sequences (2002)

To address the composition of the urticalean rosids, the relationships of the component families (maximally Cannabaceae, Cecropiaceae, Celtidaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae, and Urticaceae) and analyze evolution of morphological characters, we analyzed sequence variation for a large sampling of these families and various rosid outgroups using rbcL, trnL-F, and ndhF plastid regions. Urticalean rosids are derived out of a lineage including Barbeyaceae, Dirachmaceae, Elaeagnaceae, and Rhamnaceae, with Rosaceae less closely related; thus, they are imbedded within Rosales. Ulmaceae are the sister to all remaining families. Cannabaceae are derived out of a subclade of Celtidaceae; this expanded family should be called Cannabaceae. Cecropiaceae are derived within Urticaceae and are polyphyletic with Poikilospermum derived elsewhere within Urticaceae; this expanded family should be called Urticaceae. Monophyletic Moraceae are sister to this expanded Urticaceae. Support for these relationships comes from a number of morphological characters (floral sexuality, presence or absence of hypanthium, stamen type and dehiscence, pollen pore number, ovule position, and embryo alignment) and chromosome numbers. Most fruit types, in terms of ecological dispersal, are derived independently multiple times and are strongly correlated with habitat.
A review of digital cytometry methods: estimating the relative abundance of cell types in a bulk of cells (2020)

Due to the high cost of flow and mass cytometry, there has been a recent surge in the development of computational methods for estimating the relative distributions of cell types from the gene expression profile of a bulk of cells. Here, we review the five common 'digital cytometry' methods: deconvolution of RNA-Seq, cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT), CIBERSORTx, single sample gene set enrichment analysis and single-sample scoring of molecular phenotypes deconvolution method. The results show that CIBERSORTx B-mode, which uses batch correction to adjust the gene expression profile of the bulk of cells ('mixture data') to eliminate possible cross-platform variations between the mixture data and the gene expression data of single cells ('signature matrix'), outperforms other methods, especially when signature matrix and mixture data come from different platforms. However, in our tests, CIBERSORTx S-mode, which uses batch correction for adjusting the signature matrix instead of mixture data, did not perform better than the original CIBERSORT method, which does not use any batch correction method. This result suggests the need for further investigations into how to utilize batch correction in deconvolution methods.
Low Threshold Quantum Dot Lasers (2016)

Semiconductor quantum dots have replaced conventional inorganic phosphors in numerous applications. Despite their overall successes as emitters, their impact as laser materials has been severely limited. Eliciting stimulated emission from quantum dots requires excitation by intense short pulses of light typically generated using other lasers. In this Letter, we develop a new class of quantum dots that exhibit gain under conditions of extremely low levels of continuous wave illumination. We observe thresholds as low as 74 mW/cm(2) in lasers made from these materials. Due to their strong optical absorption as well as low lasing threshold, these materials could possibly convert light from diffuse, polychromatic sources into a laser beam.
Effects of Glyphosate on Transpiration (1978)

Applications of glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine] to the leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L. ‘Burpee's Blue Bantam’), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Mammoth’), and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Red Kidney’) reduced transpiration in all three species. The reduction varied with species and concentration applied. Eight-day-old bean leaves responded earlier than leaves on older plants. However, after 29 h, there was no difference in transpiration rates with seedling age, since treated leaves on both ages investigated were transpiring at about one-half the rate of control leaves. Addition of surfactant to the solution shortened the time interval between treatment and transpirational response but did not affect the final transpiration rate as compared to glyphosate without surfactant. The effect of glyphosate on transpiration was not due to changes in water availability or to the surface of the leaf that was treated. It is suggested that these results can give some insight into uptake, translocation, and mode of action of glyphosate.
Tespa1 is a novel inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor binding protein in T and B lymphocytes (2012)

Tespa1 has been recently reported to be a critical molecule in T-cell development, however, the precise molecular mechanisms of Tespa1 remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Tespa1 shows amino-acid sequence homology to KRAS-induced actin-interacting protein (KRAP), an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) binding protein, and that Tespa1 physically associates with IP3R in T and B lymphocytes. Two-consecutive phenylalanine residues (Phe185/Phe186) in Tespa1, which are conserved between Tespa1 and KRAP, are indispensable for the association between Tespa1 and IP3R. These findings suggest that Tespa1 plays critical roles in the immune system through the regulation of the IP3R.
Protein kinase C activation increases transepithelial transport of biologically active insulin. (1998)

Protein kinase C activation leads to tight junctional leakiness and, consequently, to increased transepithelial (paracellular) solute flux across epithelial barriers. This leakiness is shown here to result in as much as a 20-fold increase in the transepithelial flux of insulin. Using an epithelial/fibroblast coculture model, this transepithelially transported insulin is shown to be biologically active. The 3T3 fibroblasts situated on one side of the epithelial barrier exhibited increased insulin binding and resulting DNA synthesis when the epithelial junctions were made leaky to insulin on the opposite side of the epithelial barrier. The dramatically enhanced permeability of macromolecules across epithelial cell layers undergoing protein kinase C activation may play a significant role in epithelial cancer, immunology, and drug delivery.