gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of microbicidal hydrogels containing monoglyceride as the active ingredient (1999)

A number of medium-chain saturated and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and their monoglycerides were tested against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) to determine which lipids were most active during a short incubation time. The aim was to find which lipid would be preferable as the active ingredient in a virucidal hydrogel formulation for the purpose of preventing transmission of pathogens to mucosal membranes, particularly sexually transmitted viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and bacteria, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae. The main strategy was that the formulations would be fast-acting, killing large numbers of virus or bacteria on contact in a short time, preferably causing at least a 10000-fold reduction in virus/bacteria titer in 1-5 min. Monocaprin, the 1-monoglyceride of capric acid, and lauric acid were found to be most active of all the lipids tested, causing a greater than 100000-fold reduction in virus titer in 1 min at a concentration of 20 mM. When tested at a concentration of 10 mM for 1 min, monocaprin was still fully active whereas lauric acid had no or negligible activity. It was concluded that monocaprin was most suitable as the active ingredient in a fast-acting virucidal gel formulation, and several hydrogel formulations containing monocaprin were tested. Formulations where the monoglyceride was dissolved in glycofurol were found to be active against HSV-1. The hydrogel formulations containing 20 mM monocaprin were highly virucidal in vitro and caused a greater than 100000-fold (HSV-1) inactivation of virus in human semen in 1 min. Formulations in dilution 1:10 were cytotoxic in monolayers of CV-1 cells, but they were 10-100 fold less cytotoxic than a commercial product which contains 2% nonoxynol-9.
The iTron Family of geocast games (extended abstract) (2011)

Geocast games are a new class of digital multiplayer games, inherently involving vigorous physical activity in outdoor natural settings such as parks, camps, or athletic fields. They are designed for commercial location-aware smartphones carried or worn by players, without requiring consoles or internet connections. The iTron Family of geocast games illustrates how physical athletic play can be combined with real-time strategic, imaginative, and creative cognitive play from the domain of digital games to produce sports of the future appealing to a wide range of ever more sophisticated players.
Seismic Behavior of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Interior Beam–Column–Slab Subassemblies (2019)

Although the seismic behavior of moment-resisting frames (MRFs) reinforced with conventional steel has been extensively studied, the performance of MRFs that are reinforced with alternative materials, such as glass fiber–reinforced polymers (GFRPs) is not fully explored. The presence of floor slabs, integrally cast with beams, is one of the main factors that affects the seismic behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) MRFs, which is still uncovered. To fill this gap, three full-scale assemblies, one beam-column and two beam–column–slabs, were constructed and tested to failure under reversal quasi-static cyclic loading. The main test parameters were the presence of slabs and type of reinforcement (steel and GFRP). Moreover, a series of finite-element models were developed and used to investigate the effect of slab width and lateral beam size on the contribution of slabs. Test results indicated that GFRP-RC slabs, when in tension, significantly contribute to the moment capacity of beams. It was also observed that the presence of slabs increases the initial lateral stiffness of GFRP-RC MRFs, which can reduce lateral deformations of the frames during earthquakes.
A method for high selective etch of Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> and SiC with ion modification and chemical removal (2019)

Abstract We demonstrated a high selective and anisotropic plasma etch of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and silicon carbide (SiC). The demonstrated process consists of a sequence of ion modification and chemical dry removal steps. The Si 3 N 4 etch with hydrogen (H) ion modification showed a high selectivity to silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and SiC films without hydro fluorocarbon film deposition which has been used in a conventional Si 3 N 4 etch process. A self-limiting reaction was observed by changing the ion modification and removal step times. The SIMS analyzes indicated that the etch amount of Si 3 N 4 depends on not only penetration depth of H ion but also H concentration in the ion modification step. In addition, we have developed selective etch of SiC with nitrogen (N) ion modification. These results suggest that the ion modification assisted etch enables us to obtain the high selective Si 3 N 4 or SiC film by H or N ion modification, respectively.
Chromium Ions Improve Moisure Resistance of Epoxy Resins (1986)

Broad spectrum of thermosetting epoxy resins used on commercial and military aircraft, primarily as composite matrices and adhesives. In new technique, chromium-ion containing epoxy with improved resistance to moisture produced where chromium ions believed to prevent absorption of water molecules by coordinating themselves to hydroxyl groups on epoxy chain. Anticipated that improved epoxy formulation useful as composite matrix resin, adhesive, or casting resin for applications on commercial and advanced aircraft. Improvement made without sacrifice in mechanical properties of polymer.
A reliability and validity study for Scolioscan: a radiation-free scoliosis assessment system using 3D ultrasound imaging (2016)

We showed that Scolioscan is reliable for measuring coronal deformity for patients with AIS and appears promising in screening large numbers of patients, for progress monitoring, and evaluation of treatment outcomes. Due to it being radiation-free and relatively low-cost, Scolioscan has potential to be widely implemented and may contribute to reducing radiation dose during serial monitoring.
Recombinant surfactant protein-D selectively increases apoptosis in eosinophils of allergic asthmatics and enhances uptake of apoptotic eosinophils by macrophages (2008)

Pulmonary surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is a multifunctional, pattern recognition molecule involved in resistance to allergen challenge and pulmonary inflammation. In view of therapeutic effects of exogenous SP-D or recombinant fragment of human surfactant protein-D (rhSP-D) (composed of eight Gly-X-Y collagen repeat sequences, homotrimeric neck and lectin domains) in murine models of lung allergy and hypereosinophilic SP-D gene-deficient mice, we investigated the possibility of a direct interaction of purified rhSP-D with human eosinophils derived from allergic patients and healthy donors. rhSP-D showed a sugar- and calcium-dependent binding to human eosinophils, suggesting involvement of its carbohydrate recognition domain. While eosinophils from allergic patients showed a significant increase in apoptosis, oxidative burst and CD69 expression in presence of rhSP-D, eosinophils from healthy donors showed no significant change. However, these eosinophils from healthy donors when primed with IL-5 exhibited increase in apoptosis on incubation with rhSP-D. Apoptosis mediated by rhSP-D in primed eosinophils was not affected by the antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine. There was a manifold increase in binding of rhSP-D to apoptotic eosinophils than the normal eosinophils and rhSP-D induced a significant increase in uptake of apoptotic eosinophils by J774A.1 macrophage cells. The study suggests that rhSP-D mediated preferential increase of apoptosis of primed eosinophils while not affecting the normal eosinophils and increased phagocytosis of apoptotic eosinophils may be important mechanisms of rhSP-D and plausibly SP-D-mediated resolution of allergic eosinophilic inflammation in vivo.
Modeling and Evaluation of a Seismically Isolated Bridge Using Unbonded Fiber‐Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (2017)

An unbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolator (U‐FREI) is a relatively new type of elastomeric bearing that can be implemented as a seismic isolator for bridges. U‐FREIs possess beneficial characteristics, including their potentially low‐cost and light‐weight construction. Individual U‐FREIs can be rapidly produced as they can be easily cut from large sheets to the required size and shape, which is an attractive feature for accelerated bridge construction. The objectives of this paper are to introduce a noniterative analytical model to simulate the lateral response of U‐FREI, and then to utilize the model to investigate the seismic response of a typical highway bridge isolated using U‐FREI and compare it with a traditional non‐isolated bridge. The isolated bridge demonstrated a resilient seismic behavior where all the bridge components remained elastic with no damage or residual deformation. The analytical results indicate that the seismic demand of the isolated bridge is reduced by up to 77% and 84% in terms of base shear and accelerations, respectively, as compared with the non‐isolated bridge.
Pharmacologically induced mouse model of adult spinal muscular atrophy to evaluate effectiveness of therapeutics after disease onset (2016)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disease characterized by atrophy of muscle and loss of spinal motor neurons. SMA is caused by deletion or mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, and the nearly identical SMN2 gene fails to generate adequate levels of functional SMN protein due to a splicing defect. Currently, several therapeutics targeted to increase SMN protein are in clinical trials. An outstanding issue in the field is whether initiating treatment in symptomatic older patients would confer a therapeutic benefit, an important consideration as the majority of patients with milder forms of SMA are diagnosed at an older age. An SMA mouse model that recapitulates the disease phenotype observed in adolescent and adult SMA patients is needed to address this important question. We demonstrate here that Δ7 mice, a model of severe SMA, treated with a suboptimal dose of an SMN2 splicing modifier show increased SMN protein, survive into adulthood and display SMA disease-relevant pathologies. Increasing the dose of the splicing modifier after the disease symptoms are apparent further mitigates SMA histopathological features in suboptimally dosed adult Δ7 mice. In addition, inhibiting myostatin using intramuscular injection of AAV1-follistatin ameliorates muscle atrophy in suboptimally dosed Δ7 mice. Taken together, we have developed a new murine model of symptomatic SMA in adolescents and adult mice that is induced pharmacologically from a more severe model and demonstrated efficacy of both SMN2 splicing modifiers and a myostatin inhibitor in mice at later disease stages.
Munumbicins E-4 and E-5: novel broad-spectrum antibiotics from<i>Streptomyces</i>NRRL 3052 (2006)

Streptomyces NRRL 30562 was originally isolated as an endophyte from Kennedia nigriscans, snakevine, in the Northern Territory of Australia. This plant has been used for centuries by Aboriginal peoples to treat open bleeding wounds to prevent sepsis. A solvent extract of the crude fluid from cultures of this endophyte possesses wide-spectrum antibiotic activity. Some of the bioactivity is associated with the appearance of actinomycins X2, D, and Xobeta, the first two of which had been previously designated munumbicins A and B, respectively. Other novel compounds bearing wide-spectrum antibiotic activity are also produced by Streptomyces NRRL 30562, and these are designated munumbicins E-4 and E-5. Mass spectrometric analyses of these peptide antibiotics show that they have identical masses (1445.00) but different retention times on HPLC. Both compounds showed activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium ultimum is sensitive to both munumbicins at 5.0 microg mL(-1) The malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum has IC50 values of 0.50+/-0.08 and 0.87+/-0.0.26 microg mL(-1) for E-4 and E-5, respectively. It appears that other bioactive compounds, related to E-4 and E-5, are also produced making it the most biologically active endophytic Streptomyces spp. on record.
Multiplex PCR for Direct Detection of Shiga Toxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing the Novel Subtilase Cytotoxin (2005)

We have recently described a novel AB5 subtilase cytotoxin produced by certain Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. This potentially lethal toxin may contribute to severe gastrointestinal and systemic disease in humans. In this study we have developed a trivalent PCR assay for the detection of the novel toxin A subunit gene subA, as well as stx1 and stx2. The three primer pairs used in the assay do not interfere with each other and generate amplification products of 556, 180, and 255 bp, respectively. The assay can be used for determining the toxin genotype of STEC isolates, as well as for direct detection of toxin genes in primary fecal culture extracts.
굴 효소 가수분해물의 angiotensin converting enzyme 저해작용 (2012)

The peptides of enzymatic hydrolysates from oyster were determined by inhibitory activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme. The ACE inhibitory activity of enzymatic oyster hydrolysates increases with hydrolysis time. Among enzymatic oyster hydrolysates, oyster hydrolysates incubated with Protamex showed the best ACE inhibitory activity after 10 h. Hydrolysates were filtered through a HiSep ultrafiltration membrane (M.W. cut-off 30 kDa, 10 kDa) to obtain the peptide fractions with ACE inhibition activity. These fractions were applied to an HPLC column (watchers 120 ODS-AP 250 X 4.6 (5 ㎛)). Six active fractions were collected and the range of ACE inhibition was from 29.56 to 85.85%. Peptide was purified from fraction B, showing the highest ACE inhibitory activity, and its sequence was Leu-Gln-Pro. These results suggest that PEH may be beneficial for developing antihypertensive food and drug.
A Football Coil, a Devicf to Produce Afsolute Minimum Magnetic Field and an Isochronous Cyclotron for Heavy Ions (1977)

An electric solenoid is considered which consists of several discrete, circular and superconducting wires. The size of each loop varies from one to several meters in the radius. Furthermore, if such a solenoid is made into a football shape by squeezing the ends symmetrically, it is referred to here as a football coil. A discussion is given of the theory of synergic focusing; phase stability and universal orbit; application and computer simulation; and ion self-fields and self-focusing. An isochronous cyclotron was designed using the superconducted football coil and van resonators with flare height. It can accelerate various species of heavy ions; the heavier the rest mass of an ion, the better the present scheme will be.
Field of view in monocentric multiscale cameras (2018)

Conventionally, the field of view of a camera is understood as the angular extent of a convex circular or rectangular region. Parallel camera architectures with computational image stitching, however, allow implementation of a field of view with an arbitrary shape. Monocentric multiscale lenses further allow the implementation of an arbitrary field of view in camera volumes comparable to conventional single-lens systems. In contrast with conventional wide-field-of-view systems, multiscale design can also achieve nearly uniform resolution across the entire field of view. This paper presents several design studies obtaining unconventional fields of view using this approach.
A Critical-Time-Point Approach to All-Departure-Time Lagrangian Shortest Paths (2015)

Given a spatio-temporal network, a source, a destination, and a desired departure time interval, the All-departure-time Lagrangian Shortest Paths (ALSP) problem determines a set which includes the shortest path for every departure time in the given interval. ALSP is important for critical societal applications such as eco-routing. However, ALSP is computationally challenging due to the non-stationary ranking of the candidate paths across distinct departure-times. Current related work for reducing the redundant work, across consecutive departure-times sharing a common solution, exploits only partial information e.g., the earliest feasible arrival time of a path. In contrast, our approach uses all available information, e.g., the entire time series of arrival times for all departure-times. This allows elimination of all knowable redundant computation based on complete information available at hand. We operationalize this idea through the concept of critical-time-points (CTP), i.e., departure-times before which ranking among candidate paths cannot change. In our preliminary work, we proposed a CTP based forward search strategy. In this paper, we propose a CTP based temporal bi-directional search for the ALSP problem via a novel impromptu rendezvous termination condition. Theoretical and experimental analysis show that the proposed approach outperforms the related work approaches particularly when there are few critical-time-points.
Thermal noise and radiation pressure in MEMS Fabry-Perot tunable filters and lasers (2002)

In this paper, we examine thermal noise and radiation-pressure effects in MEMS tunable Fabry-Perot etalons. We show that thermal noise causes a jitter in the center wavelength in very high finesse etalons. In turn, the jitter causes an effective increase in the time-averaged filter bandwidth. Radiation pressure is of little consequence in conventional Fabry-Perot etalons, but it can give rise to nonlinearities and hysteresis in the tuning response of high-finesse MEMS filters. We develop models of noise and optical nonlinearities and compare the models with a series of measurements on commercial tunable high-finesse MEMS Fabry-Perot etalons.
Improving Accuracy and Precision of Glucose Sensor Profiles: Retrospective Fitting by Constrained Deconvolution (2014)

Frequent and accurate reference measurements of blood-glucose (BG) concentration are key for modeling and for computing outcome metrics in clinical trials but difficult, invasive, and costly to collect. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a minimally-invasive technology that has the requested temporal resolution to substitute BG references for such a scope, but still lacks of precision and accuracy. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that retrospectively reconstructs a reliable continuous-time BG profile for the aforementioned purposes, by simultaneously exploiting the high accuracy of (possibly sparse) BG references and the high temporal resolution of CGM data. The algorithm performs a constrained semiblind deconvolution in two steps: first, it estimates the unknown parameters of a model accounting for plasma-interstitum diffusion and sensor inaccurate calibration; then, it estimates BG performing a regularized deconvolution of CGM data, subject to the additional constraint that the reconstructed BG profile has to lay within the confidence interval of the available BG references. The algorithm was tested on 24 datasets collected in a 20 h clinical trial where CGM records and a median of 13 BG samples per day were available. Mean absolute relative deviation was reduced (from 15.71% to 8.84%) with respect to unprocessed CGM and so did the error in the evaluation of the outcomes metrics (e.g., halved the error in the time-in-hypo assessment). The reconstructed BG profile, in view of its improved accuracy and precision, is suitable for clinical trial assessment, modeling and other offline applications.
Synthesis and Study of Cross-Linked Chitosan-<i>N</i>-Poly(ethylene glycol) Nanoparticles (2006)

The present investigation describes the synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable nanoparticles based on chitosan. Poly(ethylene glycol) dicarboxylic acid was used for intramolecular cross-linking of the chitosan linear chains. The condensation reaction of carboxylic groups and pendant amino groups of chitosan was performed by using water-soluble carbodiimide. The prepared nanosystems were stable in aqueous media. The structure of the products was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the particle size was identified by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. It was found that biodegradable cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles experienced considerable swelling because of the length and flexibility of the cross-linking agent. The aqueous solutions or dispersions of nanoparticles were stable and clear or mildly opalescent systems depending on the ratio of cross-linking and molecular weight of chitosan, findings consistent with values of transmittance above 75%. Particle size measured by TEM varied in the range of 4-24 nm. In the swollen state, the average size of the individual particles measured by DLS was in the range of 50-120 nm depending on the molecular weight of chitosan and the ratio of cross-linking.
Liposome-Nanogel Structures for Future Pharmaceutical Applications (2006)

Nanoparticles have been extensively studied as drug delivery systems. In this review, we focus on a relatively new type of nanoparticles--lipobeads--a liposome-hydrogel assembly as a novel drug delivery system. An appropriate assemblage of spherical hydrogel particles and liposomes combines the properties of both classes of materials and may find a variety of biomedical applications. The bi-compartmental structure of lipobeads is a natural configuration. Thus, the technology of their preparation can be a key step of designing more stable and effective vaccines. Biocompatibility and stability, ability to deliver a broad range of bioactive molecules, environmental responsiveness of both inner nanogel core and external lipid bilayer, and individual specificity of both compartments make the liposome-nanogel design a versatile drug delivery system relevant for all known drug administration routes and suitable for different diseases with possibility of efficient targeting to different organs. New findings on reversible and irreversible aggregation of lipobeads can lead to novel combined drug delivery systems regarding lipobeads as multipurpose containers. The research on hydrogel-liposome submicrometer structures has just begun and fundamental studies on interactions between hydrogels and liposomes are in demand.