gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The structure of the lipopolysaccharide O‐chain (M antigen) and polysaccharide B produced by <i>Brucella melitensis</i> 16M (1987)

The surface M antigen of Brucella species has been identified as the lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide component composed of a repeating pentasaccharide unit containing a sequence of one 1,3- and four 1,2-linked, 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl units. A neutral polysaccharide produced by Brucella species and referred to as polysaccharide B (poly B) has been identified as a family of circular 1,2-linked polymers of beta-D-glucopyranosyl units ranging in ring size from 17 to 24 glucosyl units.
Combination therapy with BPTES nanoparticles and metformin targets the metabolic heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer (2016)

Significance There are no effective therapies currently available for advanced pancreatic cancer. We show that there are two populations of cancer cells within a pancreatic tumor that require targeting by different metabolic inhibitors for effective tumor control. Rapidly dividing cells use glutamine, and can be effectively killed by administration of a nanoparticle containing an inhibitor of glutamine metabolism. Hypoxic cells, which are slowly dividing cells, metabolize glucose and can be targeted by metformin, a drug used for the treatment of diabetes. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether combination therapy, with drugs that effectively block the metabolism of glutamine and glucose, improves the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Non-line-of-sight mobile station positioning algorithm using TOA, AOA, and Doppler-shift (2014)

Location estimation in wireless communications systems experiencing purely non-line-of-sight propagation paths is an open problem. In this paper, a novel least squares algorithm is presented to estimate the location of a mobile station (MS) experiencing purely non-line-of-sight communication with at least one base station (BS) by using the time of arrival (TOA), angle of arrival (AOA), and Doppler-shift (DS) measurements collected at the BS. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the estimation accuracy and improvement over existing methods.
A differential Viterbi algorithm for decoding rate-1/n doubly complementary convolutional codes and their high-rate punctured codes based on a compare-select-add principle (2002)

This paper presents a new algorithm for decoding doubly complementary convolutional codes based on a compare-select-add principle to process the code trellis. This new algorithm is more efficient than the conventional Viterbi (1967) algorithm.
Resorbable plating system stabilizes tissue‐engineered intervertebral discs implanted ex vivo in canine cervical spines (2018)

Total disc replacement using tissue-engineered intervertebral discs (TE-IVDs) may offer a biological alternative to treat radiculopathy caused by disc degeneration. A composite TE-IVD was previously developed and evaluated in rat tail and beagle cervical spine models in vivo. Although cell viability and tissue integration into host tissue were promising, significant implant displacement occurred at multiple spinal levels. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of a resorbable plating system on the stiffness of motion segments and stability of tissue-engineered implants subjected to axial compression. Canine motion segments from levels C2/C3 to C5/C6 were assessed as intact (CTRL), after discectomy (Dx), with an implanted TE-IVD only (PLATE-), and with a TE-IVD combined with an attached resorbable plate (PLATE+). Segments under PLATE+ conditions fully restored separation between endplates and showed significantly higher compressive stiffness than segments under PLATE- conditions. Plated segments partially restored more than 25% of the CTRL motion segment stiffness. Plate attachment also prevented implant extrusion from the disc space at 50% compressive strain, and this effect was more significant in segments from levels C3/C4 when compared to segments from level C5/C6. These results suggest that stabilization of motion segments via resorbable plating assists TE-IVD retention in the disc space while allowing the opportunity for implants to fully integrate into the host tissue and achieve optimal restoration of spine biomechanics.
Isolation of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Pseudomonas putida (1976)

Conditions suitable for reproducible recovery of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid from strains of Pseudomonas putida containing degradative plasmids (CAM, SAL, OCT, etc.) have been defined. These degradative plasmids could not be isolated by the usual procedure, whereas RP1, an R factor of the P group, present in the isogenic strain of P. putida, was isolated equally well by either the usual procedure or the modified procedure. Characterization by electron microscopy of RP1 deoxyribonucleic acid confirmed the molecular weight (about 40 X 10(6)) previously determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation.
Microwave photonic crystal with tailor-made negative refractive index (2004)

Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in a metallic photonic crystal (PC) wedge are demonstrated in free space for both transverse magnetic and electric mode propagation. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations based on the band structure with no fit parameters used in modeling. The results demonstrate precision control on the design and fabrication of the PC to achieve tailor-made refractive indices between −0.6 and +1.
Micromachinable leaky wave air transducers (2002)

In this paper, ultrasonic air transducers which use the lowest order antisymmetric (A/sub 0/) mode Lamb waves in a thin plate as a means of efficient coupling of ultrasonic energy to air are discussed. For a silicon plate of 1 /spl mu/m thickness, the energy leak rates can go up to 0.6 dB per wavelength. At MHz frequencies the plate thickness should be in the range of 1-10 /spl mu/m, which requires micromachined structures to be used. The radiation pattern of the transducers can be controlled by the geometry of the transducer, which can also be used for focusing. A theoretical model to calculate the efficiency and optimized transducer dimensions is presented. This model is applied to common micromachining materials such as silicon, silicon nitride and silicon dioxide. The analysis show that, with these transducers it is possible to achieve a conversion loss with a minimum of 8.7 dB and 78% fractional bandwidth. Experimental results on transmission imaging are also presented using an implementation of the transducer operating around 580 kHz.
Piezoelectric and Dielectric Enhancement of New Nano-structured Ceramics with Heteroepitaxial Interfaces (2013)

Barium titanate (BT) - potassium niobate (KN) nano-structured ceramics with an artificial morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) structure were prepared by a solvothermal method at temperatures below 230 °C. Various characterizations of the BT-KN nano-structured ceramics revealed that the BT/KN molar ratio was 1, the porosity was around 30 %, and the interface between BT particles and KN crystals was heteroepitaxial. The apparent piezoelectric constant d33* was 136 pC/N, which was three times larger than that of 0.5BT-0.5KN dense composite ceramics. The concept proposed in this study can be useful to create piezoelectric ceramics with artificial MPB regions.
Light-polarization characteristics of electroluminescence from InGaN∕GaN light-emitting diodes prepared on (112¯2)-plane GaN (2006)

Light polarization and emission spectra from InGaN∕GaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated. The LEDs were prepared on the (112¯2) plane of wurtzite GaN. Polarization and spectrum measurement was performed at different observation angles with respect to the LED surface. Partially polarized electroluminescence was confirmed at any angle of observation, where the emission intensity tended to be greater when a polarizer was aligned along the c axis of the InGaN∕GaN LED structure. The results clearly indicated the inclination of the c axis relative to the LED surface. As a result, two light polarizations were identified and they were assigned to two different electronic transitions in relation to emission peak energies. Possible alteration of the valence-band structure was suggested due to the induced strain.
Dehydrogenation and cracking of C/sub 3/ and C/sub 4/ hydrocarbons (1986)

A method is described for converting feed hydrocarbons comprising at least one of C/sub 3/ and C/sub 4/ hydrocarbons to less saturated hydrocarbons, comprising: contacting the feed hydrocarbons with a catalyst composition selected from the group consisting of: (a) a catalyst, consisting essentially of: about 0.1 to 30 wt. % of each of (1) at least one oxide of chromium and (2) at least one oxide of manganese and the balance of (3) at least one oxide of magnesium; (b) a catalyst, comprising: about 0.1 to 30 wt. % of each of (1) at least one oxide of chromium and (2) at least one oxide of manganese and the balance of (3) at least one oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Lanthanum Series metals and niobium; (c) a catalyst, consisting essentially of: about 0.1 to 30 wt. % of each of (1) at least one oxide of chromium, (2) at least one oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium, barium, tin, and antimony and (3) at least one oxide of manganese and the balance of (4) at least one oxide of magnesium; and (d) a catalyst, comprising:more » about 0.1 to 30 wt. % of each of (1) at least one oxide of chromium, (2) at least one oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium, barium, tin and antimony and (3) at least one oxide of manganese and the balance of (4) at least one oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Lanthanum Series metals and niobium, the wt. % being expressed in terms of the element based on the total weight of the catalyst, under conditions sufficient to convert the feed hydrocarbons to the less saturated product hydrocarbons.« less
Using elimination to implement scalable and lock-free FIFO queues (2005)

This paper shows for the first time that elimination, a scaling technique formerly applied only to counters and LIFO structures, can be applied to FIFO data structures, specifically, to linearizable FIFO queues. We show how to transform existing nonscalable FIFO queue implementations into scalable implementations using the elimination technique, while preserving lock-freedom and linearizablity.We apply our transformation to the FIFO queue algorithm of Michael and Scott, which is included in the Java™ Concurrency Package. Empirical evaluation on a state-of-the-art CMT multiprocessor chip shows that by using elimination as a backoff technique for the Michael and Scott queue algorithm, we can achieve comparable performance at low loads, and improved scalability as load increases.
Extraction of functional regularity in datapath circuits (1999)

Datapath circuits exhibit a very high degree of regularity, which is exploited by designers to generate layouts with a high density and performance as well as to reduce the overall design effort. Regularity in a datapath circuit manifests itself at functional, structural, and topological levels. Functional regularity of a circuit implies the existence of logically equivalent subcircuits-a common feature of datapath circuits. We present a new and comprehensive approach to extract functional regularity for datapath circuits from their high-level or gate-level descriptions. The key step is the generation of a large set of templates, where a template is a subcircuit with multiple instances in the circuit. Two novel template generation algorithms are presented-one for templates with a tree structure, and the other for a special class of multioutput templates, called single-principal-output-graph (SPOG) templates, where all outputs of a template are in the transitive fanin of a particular output. The set of templates generated is shown to be complete under a few simplifying, yet practical, assumptions, which is key in obtaining a desirable cover of the circuit using templates. We present a few extensions to our regularity extraction approach to demonstrate its generality; these extensions include hierarchical representation of regularity and generation of instances of user-specified templates. We show that the generation of the above two classes of templates results in good covers for datapath circuits with a regular bus structure, including several International Conference on Computer-Aided Design benchmark circuits. The regularity extracted from these circuits can be used to easily understand their structure. We have successfully used our approach to identify bit slices of very large datapath circuits from general-purpose microprocessors.
A new approach for broad-band omnidirectional antireflection coatings (2007)

It is shown that broad-band antireflection coatings with extra large angular range can be designed based on the concept of reflectionless potentials. Numerical calculations for inhomogeneous films with or without substrate demonstrate the above capabilities for both TE and TM polarizations. The design possibilities are infinite and the underlying concept does not rely on standard use of quarter wave plates. Suitable inhomogeneous layers on both sides of a lossless thin dielectric film can thus render it invisible.
Mixed-signal calibration of pipelined analog-digital converters (2004)

A least-mean-squares (LMS) based mixed-signal scheme for the self-calibration of a pipelined analog-digital converter (ADC) is proposed. The technique uses an elegant continuous reference update algorithm to correct for gain errors and offset errors in a pipeline stage with minimal area and power overhead. Simulation results show the efficiency of the scheme for resolution of greater than 13 bits in a CMOS process.
EM-ID: Tag-less identification of electrical devices via electromagnetic emissions (2016)

Radio Frequency Identification technology has greatly improved asset management and inventory tracking. However, for many applications RFID tags are considered too expensive compared to the alternative of a printed bar code, which has hampered widespread adoption of RFID technology. To overcome this price barrier, our work leverages the unique electromagnetic emissions generated by nearly all electronic and electromechanical devices as a means to individually identify them. This tag-less method of radio frequency identification leverages previous work showing that it is possible to classify objects by type (i.e. phone vs. TV vs. kitchen appliance, etc). A core question is whether or not the electromagnetic emissions from a given model of device, is sufficiently unique to robustly distinguish it from its peers. We present a low cost method for extracting the EM-ID from a device along with a new classification and ranking algorithm that is capable of identifying minute differences in the EM signatures. Results show that devices as divers as electronic toys, cellphones and laptops can all be individually identified with an accuracy between 72% and 100% depending on device type. While not all electronics are unique enough for individual identifying, we present a probability estimation model that accurately predicts the performance of identifying a given device out of a population of both similar and dissimilar devices. Ultimately, EM-ID provides a zero cost method of uniquely identifying, potentially billions of electronic devices using their unique electromagnetic emissions.
The Brassicaceae-Specific EWR1 Gene Provides Resistance to Vascular Wilt Pathogens (2014)

Soil-borne vascular wilt diseases caused by Verticillium spp. are among the most destructive diseases worldwide in a wide range of plant species. The most effective means of controlling Verticillium wilt diseases is the use of genetic resistance. We have previously reported the identification of four activation-tagged Arabidopsis mutants which showed enhanced resistance to Verticillium wilt. Among these, one mutant also showed enhanced resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum, a bacterial vascular wilt pathogen. Cloning of the activation tag revealed an insertion upstream of gene At3g13437, which we designated as EWR1 (for Enhancer of vascular Wilt Resistance 1) that encodes a putatively secreted protein of unknown function. The search for homologs of Arabidopsis EWR1 (AtEWR1) in public databases only identified homologs within the Brassicaceae family. We subsequently cloned the EWR1 homolog from Brassica oleracea (BoEWR1) and show that over-expression in Arabidopsis results in V. dahliae resistance. Moreover, over-expression of AtEWR1 and BoEWR1 in N. benthamiana, a member of the Solanaceae family, results in V. dahliae resistance, suggesting that EWR1 homologs can be used to engineer Verticillium wilt resistance in non-Brassicaceae crops as well.
Improving the Accuracy and Speed of Support Vector Machines (1996)

Support Vector Learning Machines (SVM) are finding application in pattern recognition, regression estimation, and operator inversion for ill-posed problems. Against this very general backdrop, any methods for improving the generalization performance, or for improving the speed in test phase, of SVMs are of increasing interest. In this paper we combine two such techniques on a pattern recognition problem. The method for improving generalization performance (the &quot;virtual support vector&quot; method) does so by incorporating known invariances of the problem. This method achieves a drop in the error rate on 10,000 NIST test digit images of 1.4% to 1.0%. The method for improving the speed (the &quot;reduced set&quot; method) does so by approximating the support vector decision surface. We apply this method to achieve a factor of fifty speedup in test phase over the virtual support vector machine. The combined approach yields a machine which is both 22 times faster than the original machine, and which has ...
Development of a high efficiency thermoelectric unicouple for power generation applications (2003)

To achieve high thermal-to-electric energy conversion efficiency, it is desirable to operate thermoelectric generator devices over large temperature gradients and also to maximize the performance of the thermoelectric materials used to build the devices. However, no single thermoelectric material is suitable for use over a very wide range of temperatures (/spl sim/300-1000 K). It is therefore necessary to use different materials in each temperature range where they possess optimum performance. This can be achieved in two ways: (1) multistage thermoelectric generators where each stage operates over a fixed temperature difference and is electrically insulated but thermally in contact with the other stages; and (2) segmented generators where the p- and n-legs are formed of different segments joined in series. The concept of integrating new thermoelectric materials into a segmented thermoelectric unicouple has been introduced in earlier publications. This new unicouple is expected to operate over a 300-973 K temperature difference and will use novel segmented legs based on a combination of state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials and novel p-type Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/, p-type CeFeSb/sub 12/-based alloys and n-type CoSb/sub 3/-based alloys. A conversion efficiency of about 15% is predicted for this new unicouple. We present the latest experimental results from the fabrication of this unicouple, including bonding studies between the different segments of the p-legs, n-legs, and p-leg to n-leg interconnect. Thermal and electrical tests of the unicouple are in progress and are briefly described.
Planar InP/GaInAsP/GaInAs buried-structure avalanche photodiode (1984)

A new planar InP/GaInAsP/GaInAs buried-structure avalanche photodiode, which has a buried active region and an n−-InP guardring region, has been developed. A useful guardring effect and a uniform multiplication are obtained in the multiplication range of up to 30. The diode shows a dark current of 10 nA at a bias of 90% of the breakdown voltage, a maximum avalanche gain of 50 under 1.3-μm light irradiation, and a gain-bandwidth product of about 16 GHz.
Single-pulse Multi-point Multi-component Interferometric Rayleigh Scattering Velocimeter (2006)

A simultaneous multi-point, multi-component velocimeter using interferometric detection of the Doppler shift of Rayleigh, Mie, and Rayleigh-Brillouin scattered light in supersonic flow is described. The system uses up to three sets of collection optics and one beam combiner for the reference laser light to form a single collimated beam. The planar Fabry-Perot interferometer used in the imaging mode for frequency detection preserves the spatial distribution of the signal reasonably well. Single-pulse multi-points measurements of up to two orthogonal and one non-orthogonal components of velocity in a Mach 2 free jet were performed to demonstrate the technique. The average velocity measurements show a close agreement with the CFD calculations using the VULCAN code.
Intra-aneurysmal flow reductions in a thin film nitinol flow diverter (2011)

A novel hyper-elastic thin film nitinol (HE-TFN) covered stent has been developed to promote aneurysm occlusion by diminishing flow in the aneurysm. Laboratory aneurysm models were used to assess the flow changes produced by stents covered with different patterns of HE-TFN placed across the aneurysm neck in the parent vessel. The flow diverters were constructed by covering Wingspan stents (Boston Scientific) with different HE-TFNs (i.e., of 82% and 77% porosity) and deployed in both in vitro wide-neck and fusiform glass aneurysm models. In wide-neck aneurysms, the 82% porous HE-TFN stent reduced mean flow velocity in the middle of the sac by 86 ± 1%, while the 77% porous stent reduced the velocity by 93 ± 5% (n = 3). Local wall shear rates were also significantly reduced by about 98% in this model after device placement. Tests conducted on the fusiform aneurysm revealed smaller intra-aneurysmal flow velocity reduction by 48 ± 3% for the 82% porous stent and by 59 ± 7% for the 77% porous stent. The wall shear was reduced by approximately 50% by HE-TFN stents in fusiform models. These results suggest that HE-TFN covered stents have the potential to promote thrombosis in both wide-neck and fusiform aneurysm sacs.
Bearing Damage Detection via Wavelet Packet Decomposition of the Stator Current (2004)

Bearing faults are one of the major causes of motor failures. The bearing defects induce vibration, resulting in the modulation of the stator current. In this paper, the stator current is analyzed via wavelet packet decomposition to detect bearing defects. The proposed method enables the analysis of frequency bands that can accommodate the rotational speed dependence of the bearing defect frequencies. The wavelet packet decomposition also provides a better treatment of nonstationary stator current than currently used Fourier techniques.