gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lorentz force optical coherence elastography (2016)

Quantifying tissue biomechanical properties can assist in detection of abnormalities and monitoring disease progression and/or response to a therapy. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has emerged as a promising technique for noninvasively characterizing tissue biomechanical properties. Several mechanical loading techniques have been proposed to induce static or transient deformations in tissues, but each has its own areas of applications and limitations. This study demonstrates the combination of Lorentz force excitation and phase-sensitive OCE at ?1.5??million A-lines per second to quantify the elasticity of tissue by directly imaging Lorentz force-induced elastic waves. This method of tissue excitation opens the possibility of a wide range of investigations using tissue biocurrents and conductivity for biomechanical analysis.
Interleaved balanced SSFP imaging: Artifact reduction using gradient waveform grouping (2009)

Gradient waveform "grouping" offers a simple and general strategy for mitigating steady-state eddy-current distortions in bSSFP sequences that interleave two different gradients. Blood exhibits significant distortion even with "grouping," which is a major obstacle for cardiovascular bSSFP approaches that interleave multiple gradient waveforms. The grouping concept may also benefit applications that acquire images during the transient approach to steady state.
Derivative Alleles of the Arabidopsis Gibberellin-Insensitive (gai) Mutation Confer a Wild-Type Phenotype. (1993)

The gai mutation of Arabidopsis confers a dwarf phenotype resembling that of mutants defective in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. However, gai mutant plants differ from GA biosynthesis mutants because they fail to respond to exogenous GAs and accumulate endogenous GA species to higher (rather than lower) levels than found in wild-type controls. The gai mutation, therefore, identifies a gene that modulates the response of plant cells to GA. We have mapped gai with respect to visible and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers from chromosome 1. To observe the phenotype exhibited by individuals potentially lacking wild-type (GAI) function, we have also isolated novel irradiation-induced derivative alleles of gai. When homozygous, these alleles confer a revertant phenotype that is indistinguishable from the wild type. gai is a semidominant mutation that exerts its effects either because it is a gain-of-function mutation or because it is a loss-of-function or reduced-function mutation. The genetic and physiological properties of the derivative alleles are considered with reference to these alternative modes of dominance of gai. Because these alleles are potential deletion or rearrangement mutations, together with the closely linked RFLP markers identified in the linkage mapping experiments, they provide useful resources for the isolation of the gai locus via a map-based cloning approach.
Accurate design of translational output by a neural network model of ribosome distribution (2017)

Synonymous codon choice can have dramatic effects on ribosome speed, RNA stability, and protein expression. Ribosome profiling experiments have underscored that ribosomes do not move uniformly along mRNAs, exposing a need for models of coding sequences that capture the full range of empirically observed variation. We present a method, Ixnos, that models this variation in translation elongation using a feedforward neural network to predict the translation elongation rate at each codon as a function of its sequence neighborhood. Our approach revealed sequence features affecting translation elongation and quantified the impact of large technical biases in ribosome profiling. We applied our model to design synonymous variants of a fluorescent protein spanning the range of possible translation speeds predicted with our model. We found that levels of the fluorescent protein in yeast closely tracked the predicted translation speeds across their full range. We therefore demonstrate that our model captures information determining translation dynamics in vivo , and that control of translation elongation alone is sufficient to produce large, quantitative differences in protein output.
Structural Changes in the Arginine Vasopressin Molecule that Enhance Antidiuretic Activity and Specificity<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Three structural changes in the arginine varopressin (AVP) molecule are known to enhance antidiuretic specificity by increasing the ratio of antidiuretic to vasopressor activities (A⁄V ratio). These are: (a) substitution of an amino acid with a smaller and less hydrophilic amino acid side chain for the 4-glutamine, (b) substitution of H for the N-terminal free amino group (deamination) and (c) substitution of Dfor L-arginine in the 8-position. We have synthesized and studied several analogs of AVP in which these three changes have been made singly and in various combinations. We prepared 4- valine analogs since these had not been studied before. Its highly hydrophobic side chain made valine an obvious choice with which to test further the hypothesis that the lipophilic character of the side chain on the amino acid in the 4-position plays a key role in endowing vasopressin analogs with enhanced antidiuretic specificity. Substitution of valine for glutamine did indeed enhance specificity, most strikingly when valine was substituted in peptides containing an 8-D-arginine. When all three changes, (a), (b) and (c) were combined for the first time in a single molecule, 11-deamino, 4-valine, 8-D-arginine]-vasopressin or dVDAVP their effects were cumulative. dVDAVP has undetectable vasopressor activity, antidiuretic activity about four times that of AVP, and an unprecedented A⁄V ratio of over 123,000, compared to 0.9 for AVP. It also has greatly prolonged antidiuretic action in conscious rats. Studies on dVDAVP and related analogs may provide new insights into the structural specificities of AVP receptors and into the mechanisms that terminate antidiuretic responses. (Endocrinology94: 1106, 1974)
Abstract 19176: Mapping of Electrogram Morphology Recurrence Patterns during Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

Introduction: Electrograms during atrial fibrillation (AF) are complex and seemingly chaotic. It is still unknown how to best analyze and utilize AF electrograms. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the frequency and patterns of AF electrogram morphology recurrence determined by a modified recurrence plot (RP) analysis will show differences based on region in this pilot study. Methods: AF electrograms (>16 s) recorded from documented left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) sites in 13 patients (10 male, 59±10 years old) prior to AF ablation were analyzed. A 100 ms window for each automatically detected activation was extracted and cross-correlated with every other activation in a 30-sec recording. The result was a set of NxN cross-correlation (CC) values, where N is the number of detected activations. These values were displayed in a two-dimensional RP. A recurrence index (RI), the percentage of the most common morphology, was also computed. A high RI likely indicates consistent activation directions at the site of bipolar electrogram recording. Results: Figure A is a RP example. The checker board pattern of alternating high and low CC values indicates periodic recurrences in morphologies (RI=70% for this example). The mean RI for all sites and all patients was 38±25%. The highest RI was found in the left superior LA in all 4 paroxysmal AF patients (85±18%, see Figure B). For 9 persistent AF patients, the highest RI was found in the RA (91±10%) in 5 patients and in the left superior LA (95±6%) in 4 patients. The persistent AF patients had higher maximum RIs in the RA than the paroxysmal AF patients (87±16 vs. 51±15%, p=0.01). Conclusion: Electrogram morphology with highest recurrence rates were most frequently found in the left superior LA, a common location for AF triggers. Further work is needed to determine whether high electrogram repeatability reflects AF driver activity and whether RPs could be used as part of an ablation strategy.
22 x 10 Gb/s WDM transmission based on extended method of unequally spaced channel allocation around the zero-dispersion wavelength region (1999)

This letter proposes all unequally spaced channel allocation method that increases the number of channels around the zero-dispersion wavelength region. The validity of this method is confirmed by numerical simulation considering the fluctuation of the zero-dispersion wavelength existing along the installed 1.55-μm dispersion-shifted fibers (DSF's). A 22×10 Gb/s transmission experiment over 320 km of DSF using the wavelengths ranging from 1532 to 1562 nm is successfully conducted by employing this method.
Partially Carboxymethylated Feather Keratins. 1. Properties in Aqueous Systems (2000)

Feather keratins were extracted from chicken feathers with an aqueous solution of urea and 2-mercaptoethanol. The keratin solution obtained was dialyzed to remove the reagents. Upon dialysis, extensive protein aggregation occurred. To obtain stable solutions or dispersions in water, cysteine residues were modified prior to dialysis with iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, or bromosuccinic acid, thereby blocking free thiol groups and introducing hydrophilic groups. For the development of biodegradable materials with good mechanical properties from these biopolymers, disulfide bonds between the keratin molecules are needed. Therefore, cysteine residues were only partially modified by using different reagent/cysteine molar ratios. The reaction rate constants of iodoacetate with glutathione and 2-mercaptoethanol were successfully used to predict the degree of modification of keratin cysteine. It was shown that, for carboxymethylated keratin, fewer aggregates were formed for higher degrees of cysteine modification, while more protein was present as oligomers. Aggregates and oligomers were stabilized through intermolecular disulfide bonds.
Architecture design of optical customer premises network (1989)

A new optical customer premises network (CPN), which we call H-bus, has been designed to terminate future broadband ISDN signals and distribute the available bandwidth to terminal equipment connected to the CPN. The physical layer of the network makes use of the synchronous optical network (SONET) transmission format. The user information is carried using the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technique. The reliability of H-bus is improved through the use of a new optical component.
SMAD genes in juvenile polyposis (1999)

Juvenile polyposis (JP) is a dominantly inherited condition characterized by the development of multiple hamartomatous tumors, juvenile polyps, in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of SMAD4 in JP. DNA from four unrelated JP kindreds and three sporadic JP cases was available for mutation screening. Two truncating defects (one in a familial and one in a sporadic case) and one missense change (in a familial case) that was absent in 55 control samples were detected. To study the possibility that germline mutations in other genes encoding different components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway may be present in these JP patients, mutation analyses of the SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD7 genes were also performed. No mutations of these genes were detected in any of the patients. Our results confirm that SMAD4 is a gene predisposing to JP and suggest the existence of further JP loci other than the SMAD2, SMAD3, or SMAD7 genes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:54-61, 1999.
Three-Dimentional Image Information Media. Electro-Holography Design using MIM Liquid Crystal Display Devices. (1999)

Holography is an ideal technique for 3 D displays. However, since precise modulation of light waves is required, it has long been very difficult to achieve electro-holography. Recently, however, some demonstrations of electro-holography using liquid crystal devices were presented. In this paper, we describe the process, characteristics, and driving methods of a liquid crystal device that aims for a fine pixel structure. Then, we discuss the design of an electro-holography system for the viewpoint of the spatial frequency of the hologram. We also experimentally examine the influence of the pixel structure on image quality by comparing electro-holography and optical holography images.
Anchored Homogeneous Catalysts: The Best of Both Worlds (2004)

Homogeneous catalysts can be anchored to a number of different support materials using heteropoly acids as the anchoring agents. This technique can be used to anchor preformed complexes thus eliminating the need to modify the ligand to accomplish the 'heterogenization'. These anchored catalysts are stable in a range of solvents with little, if any, loss of the complex during the reaction. They are generally as active and selective as the homogeneous analogs and are particularly effective with the chiral complexes commonly employed today for enantioselective hydrogenations. These catalysts have been used for multiple batch and continuous hydrogenations with TON'S of 10,000 and greater and TOF's as high as 650 hr-1
Field-Induced Phase Transitions in Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal (1993)

Cell thickness dependence and field impression rate dependence of field-induced phase transition in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (MHPOBC) have been investigated by observing the optical transmittance hysteresis loop and texture of the cells. In thin cells, pseudo-triple hysteresis loops due to coexistence of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric domains have been observed. In thick cells, an antiferroelectric phase is stabilized near the zero-field region of a ferrielectric phase of a field-temperature phase diagram. A possible model for molecular orientational structure of the phases and field-induced transitions among them is discussed on the basis of these experimental results.
Purification of High Salinity Brine by Multi-Stage Ion Concentration Polarization Desalination (2016)

There is an increasing need for the desalination of high concentration brine (>TDS 35,000 ppm) efficiently and economically, either for the treatment of produced water from shale gas/oil development, or minimizing the environmental impact of brine from existing desalination plants. Yet, reverse osmosis (RO), which is the most widely used for desalination currently, is not practical for brine desalination. This paper demonstrates technical and economic feasibility of ICP (Ion Concentration Polarization) electrical desalination for the high saline water treatment, by adopting multi-stage operation with better energy efficiency. Optimized multi-staging configurations, dependent on the brine salinity values, can be designed based on experimental and numerical analysis. Such an optimization aims at achieving not just the energy efficiency but also (membrane) area efficiency, lowering the true cost of brine treatment. ICP electrical desalination is shown here to treat brine salinity up to 100,000 ppm of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) with flexible salt rejection rate up to 70% which is promising in a various application treating brine waste. We also demonstrate that ICP desalination has advantage of removing both salts and diverse suspended solids simultaneously, and less susceptibility to membrane fouling/scaling, which is a significant challenge in the membrane processes.
OLEDs for lighting: new approaches (2004)

OLED technology has improved to the point where it is now possible to envision developing OLEDs as a low cost solid state light source. In order to realize this, significant advances have to be made in device efficiency, lifetime at high brightness, high throughput fabrication, and the generation of illumination quality white light. In this talk, the requirements for general lighting will be reviewed and various approaches to meeting them will be outlined. Emphasis will be placed on a new monolithic series-connected OLED design architecture that promises scalability without high fabrication cost or design complexity.
Recent Technology Developments in Surfactants and Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery (2013)

Abstract Several classes of new surfactants have recently been tested for enhanced oil recovery. These new surfactants were needed for oil field applications under reservoir conditions that made it difficult or impossible to find conventional surfactants with the desired behavior such as ultra-low interfacial tension, aqueous stability, thermal stability at high temperature, low retention, tolerance to high salinity and so forth. We illustrate results for several of these new surfactants and discuss under what conditions they are suitable, how we developed formulations using them and some of the general principles that can be applied to future applications. A common theme of this development is the need for surfactants with large hydrophobes (carbon numbers above 18) even for some light oils. A second common theme is the advantages and flexibility of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide linkages between these large hydrophobes and the sulfate or carboxylate end group. A third common theme is the advantages of highly branched hydrophobes regardless of the other characteristics of the surfactant structure help prevent undesirable viscous phases. Finally, a fourth common theme is the advantages of using surfactant mixtures with diverse structures and sizes. These common elements enable us find surfactant formulations that are highly effective and that can be made from available feedstocks at reasonable cost.
Nucleotide sequence of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus Osloss strain: comparison with related viruses and identification of specific DNA probes in the 5' untranslated region (1993)

The nucleotide sequence of the cytopathic Osloss isolate of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was deduced from overlapping cDNA clones and from PCR products. The Osloss genome is an RNA molecule of positive polarity containing 12,480 nucleotides and having the capacity to code for a polyprotein of 3975 amino acids. The presence of the previously described internal stop codon in this viral sequence was disproved after direct sequencing of the appropriate PCR-amplified fragment. Except for the previously reported insertion of a sequence coding for a ubiquitin-like protein, the viral genome shares great similarity with those of three other strains of the pestivirus genus. Computer-assisted sequence analyses and comparisons of known pestiviral genomic sequences led us to identify selected PCR primers in the 5' untranslated region. These primers were used successfully to amplify 18 distinct pestivirus isolates and potential DNA probes were noted from the deduced sequences. The possible use of a well conserved 26 base fragment as a diagnostic probe was confirmed in hybridization experiments. The 5' untranslated region was further studied and compared with those of other members of the Flaviviridae family, which includes the flaviviruses and the hepatitis C virus group. These sequence analyses support the possibility of discrimination amongst the closely related ruminant pestiviruses, border disease virus and BVDV.
Low Complexity Channel Estimation for Minimizing Edge Effects in OFDM Systems (2007)

Channel estimation is critical to receiver performance in an OFDM system. Pilot symbols are typically interspersed with data symbols among the sub-carriers to aid channel estimation. Standard algorithms to estimate the channel based on these pilot symbols include minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation. With a uniform density of pilots in frequency among the sub-carriers, the ML estimate exhibits a boundary effect whereby the quality of the estimates on sub-carriers towards the edges of the signal band degrades. While the use of MMSE mitigates this effect significantly it requires precise knowledge of channel statistics which are difficult to obtain. Also, it is often too complex to implement for common numbers of sub-carriers. This paper proposes mitigation of the boundary effect described above by transmitting extra pilot symbols in the sub-carriers towards the edges of the band in addition to the regularly spaced pilots, thereby increasing pilot density at the edges. Channel estimation is performed using a two-step algorithm. ML estimates are first formed using the uniform pilot set. The output of the ML estimator is then used to bias an MMSE estimator which is applied only to the edge pilot set. The two-step approach enhances performance as compared to ML estimation while keeping complexity much lower than that incurred when MMSE is used across the entire band.
Binding Activities and Antitumor Properties of a New Mouse/Human Chimeric Antibody Specific for GD2 Ganglioside Antigen (2007)

Immune effector functions mediated by this antibody and its potentially reduced immunogenicity make chimeric c.60C3 a promising therapeutic agent against neuroectodermic tumors.
Studies on cardiotonic agents. I. Synthesis of some quinazoline derivatives. (1990)

A series of quinazoline derivatives with various 4-heterocyclylpiperidino groups at the 4-position was synthesized and tested for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs. Among them, several 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline derivatives showed potent cardiotonic activity.
Laser surface melting of stainless steel anodes for reduced hydrogen outgassing (2016)

Anodes of 304 stainless steel have been processed by a continuous wave Yb fiber laser with a wavelength of 1.064 μm and subjected to 50 keV electron bombardment in order to determine the extent to which hydrogen outgassing is reduced by the laser surface melting treatment. The results show a reduction in outgassing, by approximately a factor of four compared to that from untreated stainless steel. This is attributed to a reduction in the number of grain boundaries which serve as trapping sites for hydrogen in stainless steel. Such laser treated anodes do not require post-processing to preserve the benefits of the treatment and are excellent candidates for use in high power source devices.
Condensation on Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Nanostructured Superhydrophobic and Oil-Infused Surfaces (2013)

Photo Gallery Condensation on Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Nanostructured Superhydrophobic and Oil-Infused Surfaces Miljkovic Nenad, Miljkovic Nenad Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Xiao Rong, Xiao Rong Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Preston Daniel John, Preston Daniel John Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Enright Ryan, Enright Ryan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar McKay Ian, McKay Ian Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Wang Evelyn N. Wang Evelyn N. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. Heat Transfer. Aug 2013, 135(8): 080906 (1 pages) Paper No: HT-13-1132 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024188 Published Online: July 18, 2013 Article history Received: March 12, 2013 Revision Received: March 12, 2013