gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship-Based Access Control for Online Social Networks: Beyond User-to-User Relationships (2012)

User-to-user (U2U) relationship-based access control has become the most prevalent approach for modeling access control in online social networks (OSNs), where authorization is typically made by tracking the existence of a U2U relationship of particular type and/or depth between the accessing user and the resource owner. However, today's OSN applications allow various user activities that cannot be controlled by using U2U relationships alone. In this paper, we develop a relationship-based access control model for OSNs that incorporates not only U2U relationships but also user-to-resource (U2R) and resource-to-resource (R2R) relationships. Furthermore, while most access control proposals for OSNs only focus on controlling users' normal usage activities, our model also captures controls on users' administrative activities. Authorization policies are defined in terms of patterns of relationship paths on social graph and the hop count limits of these path. The proposed policy specification language features hop count skipping of resource-related relationships, allowing more flexibility and expressive power. We also provide simple specifications of conflict resolution policies to resolve possible conflicts among authorization policies.
Prognostic impact of syndecan-1 expression in invasive ductal breast carcinomas (2008)

Carcinoma cells lack syndecan-1 expression when they are transiting from an epithelial to a less-differentiated mesenchymal phenotype (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT). Furthermore, a shift of syndecan-1 expression from malignant epithelial cells to reactive stromal cells has also been observed during progression of many carcinomas. Finally, epithelial and/or stromal syndecan-1 expression is of prognostic value in many carcinomas. Because recent results are contradictory in breast carcinomas, we have re-evaluated the prognostic significance of syndecan-1 expression in a cohort of 80 patients with invasive ductal breast carcinomas. The tumours from 80 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast carcinomas were used to construct a tissue microarray, which was stained with syndecan-1 by immunohistochemistry. We correlated syndecan-1 expression with clinicopathologic parameters and relapse-free survival (RFS). Exclusive epithelial expression of syndecan-1 is observed in 61.25% of the patients, whereas exclusive stromal expression is observed in 30% of the patients. Only 8.75% of the patients had both stromal and epithelial expressions of syndecan-1. A significant correlation was found between the loss of syndecan-1 epithelial expression and the syndecan-1 stromal expression with high grade of malignancy (P=0.011). The loss of syndecan-1 epithelial expression is correlated with RFS (P=0.001). Using multivariate Cox analysis, loss of epithelial syndecan-1 expression was the only prognostic indicator (P<0.001). We concluded that the loss of syndecan-1 epithelial expression was of strong prognostic value in breast carcinomas.
Improving the Performance of Data Servers Using Array Codes (1998)

This paper discusses improving performance (throughput) of data server systems by\nintroducing proper data redundancy into the system. General performance properties of a\nserver system with redundant data are described. We show that proper data redundancy\nin a server system can significantly improve the performance, in addition to the reliability\nof the system. Two problems related to the performance together with their solutions\nare proposed, namely, the problems of efficient data distribution scheme for the severs\nand data acquisition scheme for the client. Both schemes utilize array codes, a class of\nerror-correcting codes whose encoding and decoding procedures only use simple binary\nexclusive-OR operations, which can be implemented efficiently in software and/or hardware.\nConstruction of general MDS array codes suitable for the both schemes is discussed. A new\nproperty of MDS array codes, called the strong MDS property, is also defined to improve\nthe data acquisition performance. A method for modeling data server performance and the\nrelated experimental results are presented as well.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Proppants and Surfactants used in Fracturing of Hydrocarbon Rich Gas Reservoirs (2012)

Abstract The productivity and economics of horizontal wells are governed by the ability of the transverse fractures to communicate efficiently with the wellbore, which is strongly controlled by the conductivity of the proppant bed and the effectiveness of the fluid additives. These impact the relative permeability, the capillary pressure and the effective conductivity in the proppant bed. If the wellbore is high in the fracture, gravity segregation will cause liquid removal from the lower portion of the fracture to be very difficult. In low conductivity proppant beds, capillary pressure will tend to retain high water saturations, thus lower the effective conductivity even for the portions of the fracture above the wellbore. Laboratory and field studies are presented comparing various sizes and types of proppants and the influence of surfactants used in oil bearing formations including commonly used demulsifiers and a multi-phase complex nano fluid system. Ammot cell and centrifuge tests were used to evaluate imbibition of oil and water. Columns packed with proppant and formation cuttings are used to compare the effectiveness of various additives in allowing the displacement of water and establishing oil flow. Results are correlated with interfacial tension, contact angle, capillary pressures and surface energies of actual formation materials, oils and treating fluids from the Niobrara, Bakken, Granite Wash and Eagleford formations. Simulations are presented that show the impact of capillary pressure and oil viscosity on the displacement of fluids. Field results from various fields including the Niobrara, Bakken, and Marcellus formations are presented. The normalized field data shows that wells with higher conductivity proppants and properly selected surfactant packages result in longer effective frac lengths and greater normalized oil and gas production. Correlations are made between the observed relative perms in the lab vs. the observed field results.
Vaccination of cows with an Escherichia coli bacterin for the prevention of naturally occurring diarrheal disease in their calves. (1976)

A formalin-killed Escherichia coli bacterin composed of 6 enterotoxigenic strains of the organism prepared from calves with diarrheal disease with field tested for efficacy against naturally occurring diarrheal disease in young calves. The bacterin was tested in 23 privately owned beef herds in Montana involving 3,508 cows and their calves. About half the cows in each herd were given 2 subcutaneous vaccinations before calving and the other half (controls) were injected twice with a placebo. Almost all of the participating herds had a record of acute diarrheal disease. The number of calves from vaccinated dams that died of diarrheal disease was significantly less (P = 0.004) than the number of calves from control dams that died of diarrheal disease (60 vs 99 calves). There was no significant difference in the number of calves in the groups that developed mild diarrhea. There was marked interherd variation in vaccinal efficacy, possibly due in part to differences in the cause of diarrheal disease between herds. Colostral agglutinating antibody titers against formolized cells of each of the 6 vaccinal strains of E coli were markedly higher in vaccinated dams than in control dams. The agglutinating antibody titers were highest against enterotoxigenic E. coli strains 4 and 5 and lowest against strains 2 and 6. Presumably, colostral antibody passively transferred to the calf at the time of nursing was responsible for the protection observed.
Flexible, AAV-equipped Genetic Modules for Inducible Control of Gene Expression in Mammalian Brain (2016)

Controlling gene expression in mammalian brain is of utmost importance to causally link the role of gene function to cell circuit dynamics under normal conditions and disease states. We have developed recombinant adeno-associated viruses equipped with tetracycline-controlled genetic switches for inducible and reversible control of gene expression in a cell type specific and brain subregion selective manner. Here, we characterize a two-virus approach to efficiently and reliably switch gene expression on and off, repetitively, both in vitro and in vivo. Our recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-Tet approach is highly flexible and it has great potential for application in basic and biomedical neuroscience research and gene therapy.
Survival Motor Neuron Protein in Motor Neurons Determines Synaptic Integrity in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2012)

The inherited motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by deficient expression of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and results in severe muscle weakness. In SMA mice, synaptic dysfunction of both neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and central sensorimotor synapses precedes motor neuron cell death. To address whether this synaptic dysfunction is due to SMN deficiency in motor neurons, muscle, or both, we generated three lines of conditional SMA mice with tissue-specific increases in SMN expression. All three lines of mice showed increased survival, weights, and improved motor behavior. While increased SMN expression in motor neurons prevented synaptic dysfunction at the NMJ and restored motor neuron somal synapses, increased SMN expression in muscle did not affect synaptic function although it did improve myofiber size. Together these data indicate that both peripheral and central synaptic integrity are dependent on motor neurons in SMA, but SMN may have variable roles in the maintenance of these different synapses. At the NMJ, it functions at the presynaptic terminal in a cell-autonomous fashion, but may be necessary for retrograde trophic signaling to presynaptic inputs onto motor neurons. Importantly, SMN also appears to function in muscle growth and/or maintenance independent of motor neurons. Our data suggest that SMN plays distinct roles in muscle, NMJs, and motor neuron somal synapses and that restored function of SMN at all three sites will be necessary for full recovery of muscle power.
Formation of Platelet-leukocyte Aggregates in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2004)

The number of PLAs is higher in patients with IBD than in healthy and inflammatory controls, but their numbers are lowered by thiopurines. Increased PLA formation may in part be due to increased platelet activation and could be pathogenic in IBD.
Fabrication and coupling-to-fibre characteristics of laser diodes integrated with a spot-size converter having a lateral taper (1997)

Laser diodes monolithically integrated with spot-size converters operating at 1.3 µm, and having an almost circular narrow emitted beam, have been successfully fabricated using 2 inch (50.8 mm) full wafer fabrication technology. The spot-size converters consist of a lateral taper, thin-film guiding layer and ridge structure. The epitaxial structure is designed to have wide fabrication tolerance with no deterioration of device characteristics. The investigation of the coupling-loss dependence on the dimension parameters in the spot-size converters confirms that this device has a wide fabrication tolerance for these parameters. Furthermore, butt-coupling loss to fibre as low as –1.3 dB is attained with alignment tolerance wide enough for passive alignment. The overall device is as short as 450 µm, enabling high availability from one wafer.
Cleavage and activation of corneal matrix metalloproteases by Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteases. (1993)

The secreted inactive corneal matrix metalloprotease-2 is activated through limited proteolysis by pseudomonal proteases.
The forward problem of electrocardiography: from heart models to body surface potentials (2002)

The forward problem of electrocardiography refers to the calculation of the body surface potentials starting from either equivalent current dipoles that represent the heart's electrical activity or from potentials on the epicardium. This paper reviews the numerical methods used to solve the forward problem of electrocardiography. A major application of the forward problem is in simulating cardiac pathologies with computer heart models, and the authors' experience with such simulations is described.
High-speed multiresolution scanning probe microscopy based on Lissajous scan trajectories (2012)

A novel scan trajectory for high-speed scanning probe microscopy is presented in which the probe follows a two-dimensional Lissajous pattern. The Lissajous pattern is generated by actuating the scanner with two single-tone harmonic waveforms of constant frequency and amplitude. Owing to the extremely narrow frequency spectrum, high imaging speeds can be achieved without exciting the unwanted resonant modes of the scanner and without increasing the sensitivity of the feedback loop to the measurement noise. The trajectory also enables rapid multiresolution imaging, providing a preview of the scanned area in a fraction of the overall scan time. We present a procedure for tuning the spatial and the temporal resolution of Lissajous trajectories and show experimental results obtained on a custom-built atomic force microscope (AFM). Real-time AFM imaging with a frame rate of 1 frame s⁻¹ is demonstrated.
Epitope mapping of canine distemper virus phosphoprotein by monoclonal antibodies (2009)

The gene for phosphoprotein (P) of CDV encodes three different proteins, P, V, and C. The P protein is involved in viral gene transcription and replication. In the present study, we produced MAbs against a unique domain of the CDV-P protein, from aa 232 to 507, and determined their antigenic sites. By immunizing BALB/c mice with the recombinant P protein-specific fragment, we obtained six MAbs. Competitive binding inhibition assays revealed that they recognized two distinct regions of the P protein. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays using deletion mutants of the unique C-terminus of the CDV-P protein revealed that all MAbs recognized a central short region (aa 233-303) of the CDV-P protein. In addition, linear and conformational epitopes have been determined, and at least four antigenic sites exist in the P protein central region. Furthermore, four of the MAbs were found to react with the P protein of recent Japanese field isolates but not with that of the older CDV strains, including a vaccine strain. Thus, these MAbs could be clinically useful for quick diagnosis during the CDV outbreaks.
Relative Neutralizing Activity in Polyspecific IgM, IgA, and IgG Preparations against Group A Streptococcal Superantigens (2000)

In this study we compared the ability of different immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations containing IgG, IgM, and/or IgA to neutralize the activity of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA) or culture supernatant from a clinical group A streptococcal isolate. All Ig preparations markedly inhibited the mitogenic and cytokine-inducing activity of SpeA and culture supernatant at concentrations of 0.05-0.5 mg/mL, and at 0.5 mg/mL, most caused 95-100% inhibition of both stimuli. A significantly higher (P< or =.05) inhibition of SpeA was achieved by Pentaglobin (IgG, IgM, and IgA) and IgAbulin (IgA and IgG), as compared with pure IgG preparations. IgM- and IgA-enriched preparations had significantly higher inhibitory activity against SpeA than against culture supernatant, whereas the reverse was true for the IgG preparations (P< or =.05). The data show that IgM and IgA are potent inhibitors of specific streptococcal superantigens. These findings may have implications for the optimization of immunotherapy in invasive streptococcal infections.
DOA Estimation for Wideband Signal: Multiple Frequency Bins Versus Multiple Sensors (2010)

In conventional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation techniques, the inter-sensor spacing of an array is designed according to the minimal wavelength of an applied signal to avoid spatial ambiguity. This constraint greatly restricts the resolution of array or the performance of DOA estimation for a wideband signal. In this work, a new concept of wideband DOA estimation is described. Compared with multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method, the proposed method in this work uses multiple frequency bins instead of multiple sensors to form the steering vector, which reduces the sensor number for DOA estimation into 2. Besides, in this wideband DOA estimation method, the inter-sensor spacing is determined by the frequency resolution rather than the highest frequency (or minimal wavelength), so this method greatly decreases the restriction on sensor interval. Simulation results show that the proposed method with only two sensors can achieve comparative performance with conventional DOA estimation method using more than 20 sensors.
A novel current travelling wave based single-ended fault location method for locating single-phase-to-ground fault of transmission line (2015)

Current travelling wave based single-ended fault location method needs to recognize the travelling waves propagating from the fault direction as well as the travelling wave reflected from the fault point or remote-end bus. This paper firstly compares the current travelling waves of the fault line and the longest health line connected to the local bus based on dyadic wavelet transform to obtain the current travelling waves propagating from the fault direction. Secondly, based on the cross transmission phenomenon of modal travelling waves under the scenario of single-phase-to-ground fault, the arrival sequence relation and the polarity relation of aerial-modal component and zero-to-aerial-modal component (i.e. cross transmission component) of the current travelling waves reflected from the fault point and the remote-end bus are investigated and the source of the second current travelling wave propagating from the fault direction is identified. Thirdly, the first and the second current travelling waves propagating from the fault direction are utilised to locate the single-phase-to-ground fault. Finally, a large number of EMTP based simulation cases are used to test and validate the proposed fault location method.
Intergrated control system of multi-channel audio signals for serial transmission (2008)

In this paper, we propose a system which can easily control the existing serially connected multi-channel speakers using a USB(Universal Serial Bus) interface. The host computer chooses a sound source and sends audio data in a real-time fashion using isochronous transmission, which is one of four transmission methods provided by the USB interface. In addition, a channel is assigned to use the bulk transmission method. Transmitted data from the USB host are compressed and packetized before being sent serially to the speakers. Each speaker detects corresponding digital data and regenerates audio signals through DAC(Digital-to-Analog Converter). A user can easily select a sound source file and a channel by the use of a GUI environment in the host computer.
Coupled electromechanical model of the heart: Parallel finite element formulation (2012)

In this paper, a highly parallel coupled electromechanical model of the heart is presented and assessed. The parallel-coupled model is thoroughly discussed, with scalability proven up to hundreds of cores. This work focuses on the mechanical part, including the constitutive model (proposing some modifications to pre-existent models), the numerical scheme and the coupling strategy. The model is next assessed through two examples. First, the simulation of a small piece of cardiac tissue is used to introduce the main features of the coupled model and calibrate its parameters against experimental evidence. Then, a more realistic problem is solved using those parameters, with a mesh of the Oxford ventricular rabbit model. The results of both examples demonstrate the capability of the model to run efficiently in hundreds of processors and to reproduce some basic characteristic of cardiac deformation.
Azimilide Causes Reverse Rate-Dependent Block While Reducing Both Components of Delayed-Rectifier Current in Canine Ventricular Myocytes (1998)

Most class III antiarrhythmic drugs reduce the rapidly activating component of delayed-rectifier current (IKr) without affecting the slowly activating component (IKs). Recently the novel antiarrhythmic agent azimilide (NE-10064) was reported to enhance IKs at low (nanomolar) concentrations and to block both IKr and IKs at higher (micromolar) concentrations. Further to understand the electrophysiologic effects of azimilide, we compared its effects on IKr and IKs (by using whole cell clamp techniques) and action potentials (microelectrode and perforated-patch techniques) on canine ventricular myocytes. A lower azimilide concentration (50 nM) did not enhance IKs. In contrast, a therapeutic azimilide concentration (2 microM) was equieffective in reducing IKr (300-ms isochrones) and IKs (3-s isochrones) by approximately 40% during depolarizing test pulses, as well as reducing IKr (38% decrease) and IKs (33% decrease) tail currents on repolarization. Block of IKs was independent of voltage at positive test potentials. In action-potential studies, 50 nM azimilide had no effect on the action-potential duration (APD), whereas 2 microM azimilide delayed repolarization and caused reverse rate-dependent effects on the APD. Whereas the extent of APD prolongation by azimilide was not correlated with the drug-free APD, azimilide preferentially exaggerated the APD-rate relationship of myocytes displaying the steepest APD-rate relationship under drug-free conditions. In conclusion, therapeutic concentrations of azimilide that cause comparable reduction of canine ventricular IKr and IKs exert reverse rate-dependent effects, which are dependent on the steepness of the APD-rate relationship.