gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of hippocampal cholesterol metabolism by apoE and environmental stimulation (2005)

Alzheimer's disease is associated with genetic risk factors, of which the allele E4 of apolipoprotein E (apoE4) is the most prevalent, and it is also affected by environmental factors such as early life education. We have recently shown, utilizing apoE-deficient and apoE transgenic mice, that synaptogenesis in the hippocampus following environmental stimulation is affected by apoE. In view of the pivotal role of cholesterol in synaptic plasticity, and of its suggested role in synaptogenesis, we presently examined the effects of apoE and environmental stimulation on brain cholesterol homeostasis. The hippocampal levels of cholesterol and its precursors and metabolites in control mice were not affected by exposure to environmental stimulation. In contrast, the hippocampal levels of cholesterol and its precursors lathosterol and desmosterol and metabolite 24S-hydroxycholesterol were lower in apoE-deficient mice that were maintained in a regular environmental than those of corresponding control mice, whereas they were markedly elevated following environmental stimulation. Histological and immunohistochemical experiments revealed that the combined stimulatory effects of apoE deficiency and environmental stimulation on cholesterol metabolism were associated with marked activation of hippocampal astrocytes and with the abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in neurons and astrocytes. These effects were rescued similarly in apoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice. These findings suggest that apoE plays an important role in the translocation of cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons in vivo and in the regulation and homeostasis of this process.
Lab-on-a-chip devices as an emerging platform for stem cell biology (2010)

The advent of stem cell based therapies has brought regenerative medicine into an increased focus as a part of the modern medicine practice, with a potential to treat a myriad of intractable diseases in the future. Stem cells reside in a complex microenvironment presenting them with a multitude of potential cues that are chemical, physical, and mechanical in nature. Conventional techniques used for experiments involving stem cells can only poorly mimic the physiological context, and suffer from imprecise spatial and temporal control, low throughput, lack of scalability and reproducibility, and poor representation of the mechanical and physical cell microenvironment. Novel lab-on-a-chip platforms, on the other hand, can much better mimic the complexity of in vivo tissue milieu and provide a greater control of the parameter variation in a high throughput and scalable manner. This capability may be especially important for understanding the biology and cementing the clinical potential of stem cell based therapies. Here we review microfabrication- and microfluidics-based approaches to investigating the complex biology of stem cell responses to changes in the local microenvironment. In particular, we categorize each method based on the types of controlled inputs it can have on stem cells, including soluble biochemical factors, extracellular matrix interactions, homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell signaling, physical cues (e.g. oxygen tension, pH, temperature), and mechanical forces (e.g. shear, topography, rigidity). Finally, we outline the methods to perform large scale observations of stem cell phenotypes and high-throughput screening of cellular responses to a combination of stimuli, and many new emerging technologies that are becoming available specifically for stem cell applications.
On-chip Microfluidic Multimodal Swimmer toward 3D Navigation (2016)

Mobile microrobots have a promising future in various applications. These include targeted drug delivery, local measurement, biopsy or microassembly. Studying mobile microrobots inside microfluidics is an essential step towards such applications. But in this environment that was not designed for the robot, integration process and propulsion robustness still pose technological challenges. In this paper, we present a helical microrobot with three different motions, designed to achieve these goals. These motions are rolling, spintop motion and swimming. Through these multiple motions, microrobots are able to selectively integrate a chip through a microfluidic channel. This enables them to perform propulsion characterizations, 3D (Three Dimensional) maneuverability, particle cargo transport manipulation and exit from the chip. The microrobot selective integration inside microfluidics could lead to various in-vitro biologic or in-vivo biomedical applications.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ATLETIK MELALUI MODIFIKASI PERMAINAN FORMULA 1 (RUN, JUMP, THROW) PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP N 5 PEMALANG TAHUN 2013 (2013)

The research objective of this development are : Produces athletic development model of learning through game modification Formula 1 ( Run , Jump , Throw ) in accordance with the characteristics of class VII SMP N 5 Pemalang Pemalang district . The samples in this study using a random sampling technique , from classes VII consists of ten classes , taken one class is randomly selected as a research class . The data was collected and the evaluation sheet kuesioner.Teknik data analysis is descriptive analysis of data in the form presentase.Sedangkan suggestions and reasons for choosing the answers were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques . The development of research results obtained by the research group of small trials 89 % ( good ) with psychomotor value of 90 % ( good ) , cognitive 89 % ( good ) and affective 89 % ( good ) and the research field trials gained 93 % ( very good ) with psychomotor value 93 % ( very good ) , cognitive 91 % ( very good ) , and affective 94 % ( very good ) . Conclusions of the research results suggested some of the following : Model Formula 1 game ( Run , Jump , Throw ) that have resulted from this research can be used as learning material for students of class VII athletic SMP Negeri 5 Pemalang .
The role of PET/CT scanning in radiotherapy planning (2006)

The introduction of functional data into the radiotherapy treatment planning process is currently the focus of significant commercial, technical, scientific and clinical development. The potential of such data from positron emission tomography (PET) was recognized at an early stage and was integrated into the radiotherapy treatment planning process through the use of image fusion software. The combination of PET and CT in a single system (PET/CT) to form an inherently fused anatomical and functional dataset has provided an imaging modality which could be used as the prime tool in the delineation of tumour volumes and the preparation of patient treatment plans, especially when integrated with virtual simulation. PET imaging typically using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) can provide data on metabolically active tumour volumes. These functional data have the potential to modify treatment volumes and to guide treatment delivery to cells with particular metabolic characteristics. This paper reviews the current status of the integration of PET and PET/CT data into the radiotherapy treatment process. Consideration is given to the requirements of PET/CT data acquisition with reference to patient positioning aids and the limitations imposed by the PET/CT system. It also reviews the approaches being taken to the definition of functional/tumour volumes and the mechanisms available to measure and include physiological motion into the imaging process. The use of PET data must be based upon a clear understanding of the interpretation and limitations of the functional signal. Protocols for the implementation of this development remain to be defined, and outcomes data based upon clinical trials are still awaited.
Combination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RS Ratio and CFU Improves the Ability of Murine Efficacy Experiments to Distinguish between Drug Treatments (2022)

Murine tuberculosis drug efficacy studies have historically monitored bacterial burden based on CFU of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lung homogenate. In an alternative approach, a recently described molecular pharmacodynamic marker called the RS ratio quantifies drug effect on a fundamental cellular process, ongoing rRNA synthesis. Here, we evaluated the ability of different pharmacodynamic markers to distinguish between treatments in three BALB/c mouse experiments at two institutions. We confirmed that different pharmacodynamic markers measure distinct biological responses. We found that a combination of pharmacodynamic markers distinguishes between treatments better than any single marker. The combination of the RS ratio with CFU showed the greatest ability to recapitulate the rank order of regimen treatment-shortening activity, providing proof of concept that simultaneous assessment of pharmacodynamic markers measuring different properties will enhance insight gained from animal models and accelerate development of new combination regimens. These results suggest potential for a new era in which antimicrobial therapies are evaluated not only on culture-based measures of bacterial burden but also on molecular assays that indicate how drugs impact the physiological state of the pathogen.
Transplantation of cardiac progenitor cell sheet onto infarcted heart promotes cardiogenesis and improves function (2010)

The scaffold-free cardiosphere-derived cell sheet approach seeks to efficiently deliver cells and increase cell survival. These transplanted cells effectively rescue myocardium function after infarction by promoting not only neovascularization but also inducing a significant level of cardiomyogenesis.
Ultrafast few-fermion optoelectronics in a single self-assembled<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>In</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>Ga</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>As</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mtext>GaAs</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>quantum dot (2010)

We report a comprehensive study of the ultrafast optoelectronic response of a single self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot embedded in a $n\text{\ensuremath{-}}i$-Schottky photodiode device. While manipulation of the artificial atom relies on two independently tunable picosecond pulse trains, sensitive all electrical readout is achieved via photocurrent. We apply our methods to probe the temporal evolution of the quantum dot absorption spectrum following coherent optical generation of a $s$-shell exciton. Our measurements reveal the biexciton absorption as well as previously unobserved $p$-shell transitions that appear in the presence of $s$-shell population. Furthermore, time-resolved measurements allow us to directly monitor the picosecond tunneling times of electrons and holes out of the dot. Beyond these incoherent phenomena, we also demonstrate the potential of our techniques for coherent quantum dot manipulations. Beginning with excitonic Rabi oscillations driven by a single pulse tuned to the neutral exciton we move on to demonstrate the coherent generation of the biexciton via a two-photon nonlinearity, before realizing conditional Rabi oscillations in the exciton-biexciton state manifold. The results provide significant potential for realizing and utilizing conditional coherent dynamics in quantum dot nanostructures for all optical, ultrafast quantum information processing.
Initialization and Regularization of Factorized Neural Layers (2021)

Factorized layers--operations parameterized by products of two or more matrices--occur in a variety of deep learning contexts, including compressed model training, certain types of knowledge distillation, and multi-head self-attention architectures. We study how to initialize and regularize deep nets containing such layers, examining two simple, understudied schemes, spectral initialization and Frobenius decay, for improving their performance. The guiding insight is to design optimization routines for these networks that are as close as possible to that of their well-tuned, non-decomposed counterparts; we back this intuition with an analysis of how the initialization and regularization schemes impact training with gradient descent, drawing on modern attempts to understand the interplay of weight-decay and batch-normalization. Empirically, we highlight the benefits of spectral initialization and Frobenius decay across a variety of settings. In model compression, we show that they enable low-rank methods to significantly outperform both unstructured sparsity and tensor methods on the task of training low-memory residual networks; analogs of the schemes also improve the performance of tensor decomposition techniques. For knowledge distillation, Frobenius decay enables a simple, overcomplete baseline that yields a compact model from over-parameterized training without requiring retraining with or pruning a teacher network. Finally, we show how both schemes applied to multi-head attention lead to improved performance on both translation and unsupervised pre-training.
Th2 cells are less susceptible than Th1 cells to the suppressive activity of CD25+ regulatory thymocytes because of their responsiveness to different cytokines (2003)

T-cell clones generated from both CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD25+ human thymocytes were assessed for their ability to suppress the proliferative response to allogeneic stimulation of type 1 T-helper (Th1) or type 2 T-helper (Th2) clones derived from autologous CD4+CD25- thymocytes. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells completely suppressed the proliferation of Th1 clones but exhibited significantly lower suppressive activity on the proliferation of Th2 clones. The partial suppressive effect on Th2 cells was further reduced by the addition in culture of interleukin-4 (IL-4), whereas it was increased in the presence of an anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The suppressive activity on Th2 clones was also completely inhibited by the addition of IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 but not of IL-2, whereas the suppressive effect on Th1 clones was only reverted by the addition of IL-15. Of note, Th2 clones expressed significantly higher amounts of mRNA for IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) and IL-9R alpha chains than Th1 clones, whereas the expression of mRNA for IL-2R, IL-7R, and IL-15R alpha chains was comparable. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Th2 cells have a lower susceptibility than Th1 cells to the suppressive activity of human CD25+ regulatory thymocytes, because they are able to produce, and to respond to, growth factors distinct from IL-2, such as IL-4 and IL-9.
Influencing the nuclearity and constitution of heterometallic rings via templates (2005)

Heterometallic wheels can be templated about tertiary amines and imidazoles, leading to new octa-, nona- and deca-nuclear rings.
Cellular consequences of HERG mutations in the long QT syndrome: precursors to sudden cardiac death (2001)

This study demonstrates which mutations can prolong APD sufficiently to generate early afterdepolarizations (EADs), which may trigger life-threatening arrhythmias. The severity of the phenotype is shown to depend on the specific kinetic changes and how they affect I(Kr) during the time course of the action potential. Clarifying how defects in HERG can lead to impaired cellular electrophysiology can improve our understanding of the link between channel structure and cellular function.
LNA-Modified Primers Drastically Improve Hybridization to Target RNA and Reverse Transcription (2009)

Knowledge about the structure of RNA is crucial to understanding its biological activities. Very often, the presence of unusually thermodynamically stable structural fragments in RNAs, such as hairpins, makes it impossible to apply primer extension to visualize the results of chemical mapping experiments. However, replacement of DNA primers with LNA-modified primers overcomes this limitation. This approach was tested successfully on regulatory OxyS RNA and DsrA RNA from Escherichia coli.
Large Aqueous Aluminum Hydroxide Molecules (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Extinction measurements for optical band gap determination of soot in a series of nitrogen-diluted ethylene/air non-premixed flames (2014)

Visible light extinction was measured in a series of nitrogen-diluted, ethylene/air, non-premixed flames and this data was used to determine the optical band gap, OBG, as a function of flame position. Collimated light from a supercontinuum source is telescopically expanded and refocused to match the f- number of a dispersing monochromator. The dispersed light is split into a power metering channel and a channel that is periscoped and focused into the flame. The transmitted light is then recollimated and focussed onto a silicon photodiode detector. After tomographic reconstruction of the radial extinction field, the OBG was derived from the near-edge absorption feature using Tauc/Davis-Mott analysis. A slight evolution in OBG was observed throughout all flame systems with a consistent range of OBG observed between approximately 1.85 eV and 2.35 eV. Averaging over all positions the mean OBG was approximately 2.09 eV for all flame systems. Comparing these results to previously published computational results relating calculated HOMO-LUMO gaps for a variety of D2h PAH molecules to the number of aromatic rings in the structure, showed that the observed optical band gap is consistent with a PAH of about 14 rings or a conjugation length of 0.97 nm. This work provides experimental support to the model of soot formation where the transition from chemical to physical growth starts at a modest molecular size; about the size of circumpyrene.
Formation of a Reversible, Intramolecular Main-Group Metal–CO<sub>2</sub> Adduct (2011)

The P,P-chelated stannylene [(i-Pr(2)P)(2)N](2)Sn takes up 2 equiv of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) to form an unusual product in which CO(2) binds to the Sn and P atoms, thus forming a six-membered ring complex. Gentle heating of the solid product releases CO(2), indicating that CO(2) is bound as an adduct to the main-group complex. The groups bound to the CO(2) fragment are not particularly sterically crowded or highly acidic, thus indicating that "frustrated" Lewis acid-base pairs are not required in the binding of CO(2) to main-group elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Indole Compounds as Novel Inhibitors Targeting Gp41. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase 2 study of efgartigimod, a novel FcRn antagonist, in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (2019)

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder, characterized by a low platelet count (<100 × 10<sup>9</sup> /L) in the absence of other causes associated with thrombocytopenia. In most patients, IgG autoantibodies directed against platelet receptors can be detected. They accelerate platelet clearance and destruction, inhibit platelet production, and impair platelet function, resulting in increased risk of bleeding and impaired quality of life. Efgartigimod is a human IgG1 antibody Fc-fragment, a natural ligand of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), engineered for increased affinity to FcRn, while preserving its characteristic pH-dependent binding. Efgartigimod blocks FcRn, preventing IgG recycling, and causing targeted IgG degradation. In this Phase 2 study, 38 patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive four weekly intravenous infusions of either placebo (N = 12) or efgartigimod at a dose of 5 mg/kg (N = 13) or 10 mg/kg (N = 13). This short treatment cycle of efgartigimod in patients with ITP, predominantly refractory to previous lines of therapy, was shown to be well tolerated, and demonstrated a favorable safety profile consistent with Phase 1 data. Efgartigimod induced a rapid reduction of total IgG levels (up to 63.7% mean change from baseline), which was associated with clinically relevant increases in platelet counts (46% patients on efgartigimod vs 25% on placebo achieved a platelet count of ≥50 × 10<sup>9</sup> /L on at least two occasions, and 38% vs 0% achieved ≥50 × 10<sup>9</sup> /L for at least 10 cumulative days), and a reduced proportion of patients with bleeding. Taken together, these data warrant further evaluation of FcRn antagonism as a novel therapeutic approach in ITP.
H. J. S. Smith and the Fermat Two Squares Theorem (1999)

(1999). H. J. S. Smith and the Fermat Two Squares Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 7, pp. 652-665.
Thinking about parenting: Reasoning about developmental issues across the life span. (1993)

This research examined reasoning about developmental problems over the life span and related it to cognitive style and parenting behaviors. In Study 1, we investigated 35 children's and adults' concepts of development (COD) stages (A. Sameroff & L. Feil, 1985). As hypothesized, stage scores were positively related to age and to 2 other developmental indexes. In Study 2, we observed 24 parents and their 5th-grade children. COD stage scores were positively related to more effective tutoring styles by parents. In Study 3, 60 adults in 3 different age groups were interviewed about standard and personal parenting dilemmas. COD stage scores were lower for the oldest adults on the hypothetical dilemma only and were inversely correlated with a measure of right-wing authoritarianism
Measures of linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge of objects in the second year (1995)

In comparing linguistic to non-linguistic categorization in children, researchers have typically considered children's ability to distinguish between classes from different superordinate categories. In this research we compared categorization of objects from basic level categories in both linguistic and non-linguistic domains. This study also added the additional control of using the same specific concepts in each domain. The sample consisted of 24 children at 21 months of age. Linguistic comprehension of the labels for the test categories exceeded, but was correlated with, linguistic production of the same category labels. Neither linguistic measure was associated with corresponding measures of temporal grouping of objects from the same categories. The validity of the measures was attested to by the finding that all three measures correlated significantly with several other measures of linguistic development. Particularly interesting was the finding that children with a 'referential style' of language engaged in higher levels of temporal grouping. This finding suggests that relations between linguistic and non-linguistic categorization are mediated by conceptual style.