gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivation of High-Purity Definitive Endoderm from Human Parthenogenetic Stem Cells Using an in Vitro Analog of the Primitive Streak (2011)

Human parthenogenetic stem cells (hpSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with enormous potential as cell sources for cell-based therapies: hpSCs may have histocompatibilty advantages over human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derivation of hpSCs does not require viable blastocyst destruction. For translation of all pluripotent stem cell-based therapies, derivation of differentiated cell products that are not contaminated with undifferentiated cells is a major technical roadblock. We report here a novel method to derive high-purity definitive endoderm (DE) from hpSCs, based on reproducing features of the normal human embryonic microenvironment. The method mimics the developmental process of transition through a primitive streak, using a differentiation device that incorporates a three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) combined with a porous membrane. Treatment of undifferentiated hpSCs above the membrane results an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); thus, responsive cells acquire the ability to migrate through the membrane into the ECM, where they differentiate into DE. Importantly, the resultant DE is highly purified, and is not contaminated by undifferentiated cells, as assessed by OCT4 expression using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The functional properties of the DE are also preserved by the process: DE differentiated in the device can generate a highly enriched population of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) characterized by expression of hepatic lineage markers, indocyanine green clearance, glycogen storage, cytochrome P450 activity, and engraftment in the liver after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. The method is broadly applicable and we obtained purified DE using hESCs, as well as several hpSC lines. The novel method described here represents a significant step toward the efficient generation of high-purity cells derived from DE, including hepatocytes and pancreatic endocrine cells, for use in regenerative medicine and drug discovery, as well as a platform for studying cell fate specification and behavior during development.
Corneal Analysis with a Rectilinear Photokeratoscope (1992)

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) involves precisely sculpting a lens on the anterior cornea by excimer laser photoablation (1). Consequently, patient positioning relative to the laser must be within certain predefined tolerance levels (2), and the procedure should be centered on the patient's line of sight (3).
Peer-Reviewed Technical Communication Robust MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications Using Turbo Block Decision-Feedback Equalization (2010)

In this paper, a robust detection scheme is proposed for high data rate single-carrier multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic communications. The new scheme adopts turbo block decision-feedback equalization, where the soft-decision equalizer performs successive soft interference can- cellation of both the intersymbol interference in the time domain, and the multiplexing interference in the space domain. Attributed to the inherent advantage of the block decision-feedback equalizer (BDFE) over other conventional equalizers, the MIMO turbo detection algorithm provides high performance with fast conver- gence speed. With the interblock interference properly removed, the MIMO BDFE is performed with overlapped information blocks without guard intervals, thus a high transmission efficiency is guaranteed and the performance degradation at the tail of each block is prevented. The MIMO channel is treated as time invariant over each small block, and is estimated with either the pilot symbols in the training mode or the previously detected symbols in the decision-directed mode. The proposed detection scheme has been tested by extensive experimental data and proved to be robust to different transmission environments. The experimental results for the undersea 2008 Surface Processes and Acoustic Communications Experiment (SPACE08) and the 2008 Gulf of Mexico Experiment (GOMEX08) are both reported.
Circularly‐polarised origami‐inspired folding patch antenna sub‐array (2020)

This work discusses the design of a microstrip patch antenna and its use as an orientation‐agnostic radiator in an origami‐inspired folding antenna array. The antenna is based on a perturbed circular patch design that is impedance matched to reside in a radial feed network for a 2 × 2 array. This 2 × 2 array can be switched to provide sum and difference pattern behaviour. Both the feed network and the ground plane are modified to enable folding of the structure according to the Miura‐ori pattern. The performance of a circularly polarised array is evaluated for a comprehensive range of fold angles to evaluate the impact of physical reconfiguration. Results for a simulated and fabricated circularly polarised array are provided for a 3 GHz design.
Cavity resonance absorption in ultra-high bandwidth CRT deflection structure (1991)

An improved ultra-high bandwidth helical coil deflection structure for a cathode ray tube is described comprising a first metal member having a bore therein, the metal walls of which form a first ground plane; a second metal member coaxially mounted in the bore of the first metal member and forming a second ground plane; a helical deflection coil coaxially mounted within the bore between the two ground planes; and a resistive load disposed in one end of the bore and electrically connected to the first and second ground planes, the resistive load having an impedance substantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line formed by the two coaxial ground planes to inhibit cavity resonance in the structure within the ultra-high bandwidth of operation. Preferably, the resistive load comprises a carbon film on a surface of an end plug in one end of the bore.
Photoelectrochemical etching of <i>p</i>-GaAs (1981)

A photoelectrochemical method for etching p-GaAs is reported. The method overcomes the apparent stability of GaAs to reductive decomposition by switching the potential of the p-GaAs between a value at which photogenerated electrons reduce the surface to Ga and As3−, and a more positive value at which the majority carrier holes oxidize the Ga to Ga3+. Etching has been observed in a variety of acidic and basic solutions in which As3− and Ga3+ are soluble. With a 633-nm He-Ne laser beam having a peak intensity of 0.75 W cm−2, a maximum etch rate of 1300 Å/min has been obtained in a 0.1-M H2SO4–0.1-M NaSCN solution. The rate of etching appears to be limited by the rate of dissolution and transport of the products away from the surface. The method is potentially useful for producing anisotropic etching in a variety of GaAs devices.
NmeCas9 is an intrinsically high-fidelity genome-editing platform (2018)

Our results show that NmeCas9 is a naturally high-fidelity genome-editing enzyme and suggest that additional Cas9 orthologs may prove to exhibit similarly high accuracy, even without extensive engineering.
Design of an Optimal Layout Polyphase Filter for Millimeter-Wave Quadrature LO Generation (2013)

The analysis and design of a two-stage passive RC polyphase filter for millimeter-wave quadrature local oscillator generation is presented. The layout parasitics, which significantly deteriorate the filter performance at millimeter-wave frequencies, are identified with the help of impedance variation and transfer function analysis. To alleviate this parasitic degradation, a new optimal layout structure along with parasitic-compensation technique is proposed, which results in a 15-dB improvement in image rejection ratio, as compared with a conventional layout. Using the proposed techniques, more than 35 dB of image rejection over a bandwidth of 7 GHz is demonstrated in an outphasing transmitter at 60 GHz in 40-nm CMOS.
Digital Pixel Sensor Array with Logarithmic Delta-Sigma Architecture (2013)

Like the human eye, logarithmic image sensors achieve wide dynamic range easily at video rates, but, unlike the human eye, they suffer from low peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratios (PSNDRs). To improve the PSNDR, we propose integrating a delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in each pixel. An image sensor employing this architecture is designed, built and tested in 0.18 micron complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. It achieves a PSNDR better than state-of-the-art logarithmic sensors and comparable to the human eye. As the approach concerns an array of many ADCs, we use a small-area low-power delta-sigma design. For scalability, each pixel has its own decimator. The prototype is compared to a variety of other image sensors, linear and nonlinear, from industry and academia.
An approach to integrate quantum key distribution technology into standard secure communication applications (2017)

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology provides unconditional secure cryptography key sharing between two separate sites based on the laws of physics. With the shared keys, applications are able to communicate with each other in an information theoretically secure manner. We propose a method for providing secure communication that selects between QKD-based security and standard cryptography-based security automatically according to the current amount of QKD keys stored by QKD. The proposed method provides a QKD-based secure communication function. However, in the case of a shortage of QKD keys stored, the method alternatively provides a standard cryptography-based secure communication function to avoid a communication delay. Since the method has an OpenSSL-compatible interface, that is, a de facto standard cryptography library for secure communication, it makes it easy to port existing secure communication applications developed with the OpenSSL library to QKD-ready applications. It could also make it possible to phase QKD technology into existing secure communication applications. The quantitative performance evaluation showed the secure session establishment delay. Although the result reveals that the proposed method increases the session establishment delay, the delay overhead of the proposed cryptography method selection is 7 msec., which is acceptable for some practical applications. In addition, the result also shows that the delay difference from the standard cryptography can be reduced when the standard cryptography uses a larger key.
A two zero fourth order microwave waveguide filter using a simple rectangular quadruple-mode cavity (2003)

In order to reduce the size of microwave waveguide filters, triple and quadruple mode filters in circular waveguide have been investigated intensively. However, the research for such filters in rectangular waveguide is still poor and the rare trials have led to complicated sensible structures with loaded cavities. This paper describes a fourth order filter with two transmission zeroes obtained with only one basic rectangular cavity and two irises. Neither coupling nor tuning screws are needed. The analysis at the discontinuities is performed by the moment method. The synthesis lies on an optimization method based on the genetic algorithm.
Wrinkling control and microstructure of 7075 aluminum alloy hemispherical shell in gradient ultra-low temperature forming (2023)

Abstract Gradient ultra-low temperature forming is a novel process for improving the forming limit of aluminum alloy thin-walled components. It is still very critical to prevent the wrinkling defect through blank-holding. The effects of draw bead and blank-holder force on the wrinkling behaviors in gradient ultra-low temperature forming for a 7075 aluminum alloy hemispherical shell were thus experimentally studied. The wrinkling controlling mechanism was revealed through stress and strain analyzing. The required blank-holder force to prevent wrinkling can be reduced significantly through the setting of draw bead. The blank-holder force of 120 kN can be used to form the sound hemispherical specimen with 200 mm in diameter, being 31.5% of that without draw bead. This benefits from the decreasing hoop compressive stress in unsupported region, which reduced to 165 MPa from 516 MPa. The hemispherical shell formed in gradient ultra-low temperature forming was twice higher than that at room temperature. And the thickness deviation is only 7.2%. Moreover, the reason for the enhanced formability was revealed by microstructure observation. The uniform distributed high-density dislocation at the ultra-low temperature significantly improves the strain-hardening ability so that the deformation can be withstood and transferred. This can avoid the splitting of the unsupported region while setting the draw bead to prevent wrinkling. It is very beneficial to greatly reduce the tonnage requirement, especially for the large-sized thin-walled components, which expands the application range of gradient ultra-low temperature forming.
A simple fiber‐Bragg‐grating sensor system based on a linear‐cavity fiber laser (2003)

Abstract A simple fiber‐Bragg‐grating (FBG) sensor system based on a linear‐cavity fiber laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The lasing wavelength shift resulting from the temperature variation on this sensing element is discriminated by two FBGs. These two FBGs, acting as wavelength discriminators, are used to increase the real‐time measurement range for monitoring the temperature variation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 15–17, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/mop.10810
A Light‐Driven Anti‐Cancer Dual‐Therapeutic Cassette Enhances Solid Tumour Regression (2013)

The majority of anticancer therapeutics have failed to control the target cancers. Thus, new rational design concepts are critical. In most of the biological reactions, a cascade pathway is used to activate appropriate responses. In the cascade pathway, a small signal derived from neighboring environments can be amplified and it further triggers overwhelming and specialized responses. It can be applied to achieve powerful therapeutic effects for novel drug design strategies. Inspired by this concept, we design a preferential dual anti-cancer therapeutic cassette composed of (i) DNA/RNA nanostructures as both anticancer containers and target ligands and (ii) a gold nanocrystal as localized heat inducers. We demonstrate that this multi-modular platform is superior to conventional cancer medications in that it had higher drug loading efficiency, tunable drug release, and intrinsic serum stability characteristics. Both doxorubicin chemotherapy and thermal ablation exert a powerful synergistic killing effect that resulted in prostate cancer regression both in vitro and in vivo. We speculate that our novel anti-cancer drug system can be adapted to effectively destroy many different types of solid cancers.
Plasmid-Based Hybridization Probes for Detection and Identification of<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>pv.<i>citri</i> (1992)

Two hybridization probes were developed from plasmid DNA of pathotype A strain XC62 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. Plasmid pFL62.42 was constructed by cloning a 4.2-kb BamHI fragment of an indigenous plasmid of strain XC62 in the vector pUC9. Plasmid pFL1 contains an internal 700-bp EcoRI fragment from pFL62.42; this fragment was also cloned in the vector pUC9. The plasmid probes were highly specific for X. c. citri. Both plasmids hybridized with DNA purified from 44 pathotype A strains of X. c. citri, which had been isolated from diseased Citrus spp. in 15 countries (.)
Characterization of LysBC17, a Lytic Endopeptidase from Bacillus cereus (2019)

<i>Bacillus cereus</i>, a Gram-positive bacterium, is an agent of food poisoning. <i>B. cereus</i> is closely related to <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>, a deadly pathogen for humans, and <i>Bacillus thuringenesis</i>, an insect pathogen. Due to the growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, alternative antimicrobials are needed. One such alternative is peptidoglycan hydrolase enzymes, which can lyse Gram-positive bacteria when exposed externally. A bioinformatic search for bacteriolytic enzymes led to the discovery of a gene encoding an endolysin-like endopeptidase, LysBC17, which was then cloned from the genome of <i>B. cereus</i> strain Bc17. This gene is also present in the <i>B. cereus</i> ATCC 14579 genome. The gene for LysBC17 encodes a protein of 281 amino acids. Recombinant LysBC17 was expressed and purified from <i>E. coli</i>. Optimal lytic activity against <i>B. cereus</i> occurred between pH 7.0 and 8.0, and in the absence of NaCl. The LysBC17 enzyme had lytic activity against strains of <i>B. cereus</i>, <i>B. anthracis</i>, and other <i>Bacillus</i> species.
Cool-Tether (2009)

We consider the problem of providing ubiquitous yet affordable Internet connectivity to devices at home, at work, and on the move. In this context, we take advantage of two significant technology trends: the commoditization of WiFi WLAN technology and the rapid growth of cellular data services. We propose an architecture called Cool-Tether that harnesses the cellular radio links of one or more mobile smartphones in the vicinity, builds a WiFi hotspot on-the-fly, and provides energy-efficient, affordable connectivity.
A rapid bioassay for chemicals that induce pro‐oxidant states (1990)

A new bioassay has been developed that allows rapid, sensitive detection of chemicals such as paraquat and adriamycin, which manifest their acute toxicity, mutagenicity or carcinogenicity by inducing a pro-oxidant state in vivo. Submitochondrial particles isolated from bovine myocardium are used to catalyze NADH-dependent enzymatic reduction of these chemicals to free radicals. The highly reactive species generated in this system reduce molecular dioxygen to the superoxide anion radical, which is detected spectrophotometrically using the adrenochrome reaction. The anticancer drug adriamycin, the herbicides paraquat and diquat, the analytical dye sulfonazo III, and the experimental carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide have been used to test the sensitivity of this new method. This assay can be used to screen fresh water samples for the presence of pollutants that can generate oxygen-centered free radicals in vivo, or to test newly synthesized chemicals for this activity, and may therefore be valuable for environmental monitoring and preliminary toxicity evaluation of industrial or pharmaceutical products.
Phytochemical Glyceollins, Isolated from Soy, Mediate Antihormonal Effects through Estrogen Receptor α and β<sup>1</sup> (2001)

The flavonoid family of phytochemicals, particularly those derived from soy, has received attention regarding their estrogenic activity as well as their effects on human health and disease. In addition to these flavonoids other phytochemicals, including phytostilbene, enterolactone, and lignans, possess endocrine activity. The types and amounts of these compounds in soy and other plants are controlled by both constitutive expression and stress-induced biosynthesis. The health benefits of soy-based foods may, therefore, be dependent upon the amounts of the various hormonally active phytochemicals within these foods. The aim was to identify unique soy phytochemicals that had not been previously assessed for estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. Here we describe increased biosynthesis of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin compounds, glyceollins, in soy plants grown under stressed conditions. In contrast to the observed estrogenic effects of coumestrol, daidzein, and genistein, we observed a marked antiestrogenic effect of glyceollins on ER signaling, which correlated with a comparable suppression of 17 beta-estradiol-induced proliferation in MCF-7 cells. Further evaluation revealed greater antagonism toward ER alpha than ER beta in transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Competition binding assays revealed a greater affinity of glyceollins for ER alpha vs. ER beta, which correlated to greater suppression of ER alpha signaling with higher concentrations of glyceollins. In conclusion, we describe the phytoalexin compounds known as glyceollins, which exhibit unique antagonistic effects on ER in both HEK 293 and MCF-7 cells. The glyceollins as well as other phytoalexin compounds may represent an important component of the health effects of soy-based foods.
Eco-synthesis and characterization of titanium nanoparticles: Testing its cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects (2020)

Abstract In recent years, green synthesis of nanoparticles has been the cornerstone of development of nanotechnology and its applications, as it emphasizes on promoting environmental sustainability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential health benefits of the green-synthesized titanium nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs). TiO 2 NPs were synthesized using titanium( iv ) isopropoxide and lupin bean extract. The synthesized particles were characterized to assess the average particle size by dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction method was used to study the crystalline nature. The average particle size recorded was 9.227 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.382. The morphology of the particles was assessed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy which showed varied shapes of the nanoparticles, uniform spherical and crystallite rod shaped. Further, the cytotoxic efficacy of the nanoparticles was assessed against the breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor (MTT) assay. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against clinical pathogens via the disc diffusion assay. The key findings showed that the TiO 2 NPs exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC 50 of 41.1 µg. It also showed profound antibacterial activity. Thus, the synthesized nanoparticles could have potential biomedical applications owing to their therapeutic efficacy.
Characterization of IgG4 anti‐neurofascin 155 antibody‐positive polyneuropathy (2015)

Anti-NF155 antibodies occur in a subset of CIDP patients with distal-dominant involvement and symmetric nerve hypertrophy.
Practical method of CO.sub.2 sequestration (2011)

Bovine mastitis is defined as the inflammation of mammary gland and is the most multiple diseases in dairy cattle. There is still no effective treatment now. Leonurine, extracted from Leonurus cardiaca, has been proved to have anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, we utilized a mouse mastitis model to study the effect of leonurine on LPS-induced mastitis. Leonurine was administered three times during the 24 h after inducing infection in the mammary gland. The results showed that leonurine significantly alleviated LPS-induced histopathological changes, downregulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), upregulated the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), and inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Further study revealed that leonurine inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Therefore, the results demonstrated that leonurine could downregulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 and upregulate the expression of IL-10 mainly by inhibiting the expression of TLR4 and the activation of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK. Leonurine may be a potential agent for mastitis therapy.