gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical applications of holey optical fibers (2004)

We review recent advances in the development of HF technology and describe various practical applications of the technology in the areas of nonlinear and active fiber devices.
Electric vehicle charging station using a neutral point clamped converter with bipolar DC bus and voltage balancing circuit (2013)

The automotive industry is making important changes towards the electrified transportation. Several Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid EVs are currently on the market offering a clean and environment friendly alternative to conventional vehicles. However, limited mileage capacity and long refueling times have lead to a lukewarm reception from the consumers. In order to reduce the charging time fast charging architectures are being developed, usually as off-board solutions located in public installations. This paper presents a centralized charging station architecture, using a bipolar dc grid to power off-board chargers and integrate of DGs and storage systems. The central converter topology is an NPC and a novel balancing technique is implemented to extend the operating range of the power converter.
Plug flow cytometry: An automated coupling device for rapid sequential flow cytometric sample analysis (1999)

Plug-flow flow cytometry has the potential to automate the delivery of small samples from unpressurized sources at rates compatible with many screening and assay applications.
Recent Progress in Patterned Magnetic Recording Media (2006)

In this paper, recent results for patterned magnetic recording media fabricated by polymer assisted self-assembling process, as well as for patterned media fabricated by other processes are presented.
Quantifying lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium in vivo by visible-light optical coherence tomography-based multimodal imaging (2020)

Lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the major source of fundus autofluorescence (FAF). A technical challenge to accurately quantify the FAF intensities, thus the lipofuscin concentration, is to compensate the light attenuation of RPE melanin. We developed the VIS-OCT-FAF technology to accomplish optical coherence tomography (OCT) and FAF simultaneously with a single broadband visible light source. We demonstrated that light attenuation by RPE melanin can be assessed and corrected using the depth-resolved OCT signals. FAF images from albino and pigmented rats showed that without compensation, FAF signals from pigmented rats are lower than that from albinos. After compensation, however, FAF signals from pigmented rats are higher. This finding is supported by measurements of lipofuscin fluorophore A2E in the RPE using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) showing that compensated FAF intensities correlate linearly with A2E contents. The present work represents an important step toward accurately assessing RPE lipofuscin concentrations by FAF.
Linear phase ring illumination monitor (2003)

A phase shifting mask pattern consisting of an Airy pattern multiplied by a linear phase progression is introduced as a quantitative monitor for the angular distribution of illumination in optical projection printing. The proximity effect spillover from the pattern rings is in phase at the center position only for illumination from the designed off-axis illumination direction. Thus, a quantitative analysis of the intensity in a particular pupil location is available simply by measuring intensity at the center of the pattern. A theoretical analysis is presented and image simulation studies are made of an implementation based on four-phase mask making. The results show that the signal strength is high (about 1/3–1/5 of the clear field intensity per ring), the angular discrimination is good (about 0.5/ring number), and that linear phase rings are reasonably unaffected by aberrations. Mask requirements suggest this technique is most advantageous for monitoring dipoles or quadrupoles. Since the patterns print at normal exposure levels, they may also be included on product wafers to fingerprint the illumination during production.
BreachRadar: Automatic Detection of Points-of-Compromise (2020)

Bank transaction fraud results in over $13B annual losses for banks, merchants, and card holders worldwide. Much of this fraud starts with a Point-of-Compromise (a data breach or a skimming operation) where credit and debit card digital information is stolen, resold, and later used to perform fraud. We introduce this problem and present an automatic Points-of-Compromise (POC) detection procedure. BreachRadar is a distributed alternating algorithm that assigns a probability of being compromised to the different possible locations. We implement this method using Apache Spark and show its linear scalability in the number of machines and transactions. BreachRadar is applied to two datasets with billions of real transaction records and fraud labels where we provide multiple examples of real Points-of-Compromise we are able to detect. We further show the effectiveness of our method when injecting Points-of-Compromise in one of these datasets, simultaneously achieving over 90% precision and recall when only 10% of the cards have been victims of fraud.
Planar Holographic Elements for Compact Displays (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. A. Friesem, "Planar Holographic Elements for Compact Displays," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2006), paper FTuH3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Conceptually new deltanoids (vitamin D analogs) inhibit multistage skin tumorigenesis (2000)

Development of vitamin D analogs (deltanoids) as chemopreventive agents requires separation of desirable antiproliferative and pro-differentiating activities from the undesirable calcemic activity also found in the hormone calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ). Therefore, several conceptually new deltanoids were synthesized with modifications to the 1α- and/or 25-hydroxyl groups, positions traditionally considered essential for stimulating biological responses. In this study, 1β-hydroxymethyl-3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , a non-calcemic CH 2 homolog of the natural hormone with antiproliferative activity in vitro , was ineffective as an inhibitor of 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidermis. However, a hybrid analog incorporating not only the calcemia-ablating 1β-hydroxymethyl alteration, but potentiating C,D ring 16-unsaturation and side chain 24,24-fluorination and 26,27-homologation was found to be as effective as calcitriol. Several non-calcemic 24- or 25-t-butyl sulfones, some containing side chain fluorination but all lacking the 25-hydroxyl group, were also shown to be active in this assay. Three sulfones and the 1β-hydroxymethyl hybrid were evaluated as inhibitors of multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Female CD-1 mice were initiated with a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene and then promoted twice weekly for 20 weeks with TPA. Deltanoids were applied topically 30 min before TPA. Unlike calcitriol, none of the atypical deltanoids affected body weight gain in these animals. Minimal effects on urinary calcium excretion were observed following chronic treatment with these analogs. All deltanoids inhibited the incidence and multiplicity of papilloma formation, with the hybrid analog showing the greatest efficacy. With this deltanoid, tumor incidence was significantly reduced by 28% and tumor multiplicity by 63%. These results, coupled with the rich chemical diversity available in side chain sulfur-containing deltanoids, particularly when combined with A ring modifications such as 1β-hydroxylalkyl groups, provide important new advances in the fundamental understanding of chemical structure–biological activity relationships as well as more potent and safe vitamin D analogs for cancer chemoprevention and other medicinal uses.
Linear Support Vector Machine Classification of Plant Stress From Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Using Hyperspectral Reflectance (2022)

Spectral remote sensing has the potential to improve scouting and management of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), which can cause yield losses of over 40% in the North Central Region of the United States. We used linear support vector machines (SVMs) to determine 1) whether hyperspectral samples could be classified into treat/no-treat classes based on the economic threshold (250 aphids per plant) and 2) how many wavelengths or features are needed to generate an accurate model without overfitting the data. A range of aphid infestation levels on soybean was created using caged field plots in 2013, 2014, 2017, and 2018 in Minnesota and in 2017 and 2018 in Iowa. Hyperspectral measurements of soybean canopies in each plot were recorded with a spectroradiometer. SVM training and testing were performed using 15 combinations of normalized canopy reflectance at wavelengths of 720, 750, 780, and 1,010 nm. Pairwise Bonferroni-adjusted t-tests of Cohen's kappa values showed four wavelength combinations were optimal, namely model 1 (780 nm), model 2 (780 and 1,010 nm), model 3 (780, 1,010, and 720 nm), and model 4 (780, 1,010, 720, and 750 nm). Model 2 showed the best overall performance, with an accuracy of 89.4%, a sensitivity of 81.2%, and a specificity of 91.6%. The findings from this experiment provide the first documentation of successful classification of remotely sensed spectral data of soybean aphid-induced stress into threshold-based classes.
<i>Bacillus</i>Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase Produced in<i>Escherichia coli</i>—Its Purification and Application to<scp>l</scp>-Phenylalanine Synthesis— (1987)

Bacillus Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase Produced in Escherichia coli—Its Purification and Application to l-Phenylalanine Synthesis— Get access Yasuhisa Asano, Yasuhisa Asano Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kaori Endo, Kaori Endo Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akiko Nakazawa, Akiko Nakazawa Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuo Hibino, Yasuo Hibino Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Noriko Okazaki, Noriko Okazaki Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Muneki Ohmori, Muneki Ohmori Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Naganori Numao, Naganori Numao Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kiyosi Kondo Kiyosi Kondo Sagami Chemical Research Center, Nishi-Ohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 9, 1 September 1987, Pages 2621–2623, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868439 Published: 01 September 1987 Article history Received: 23 March 1987 Published: 01 September 1987
Laser produced plasma EUV sources (2003)

Progress in laser-produced plasma EUV generation for advanced micro-lithography is reviewed and compared with industry requirements. Performance of a high power diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser and a xenon target is presented, demonstrating that intense emission and clean operation are feasible, and these sources can meet EUV power requirements for high-volume manufacturing.
Giant reversible, facet-dependent, structural changes in a correlated-electron insulator induced by ionic liquid gating (2015)

The use of electric fields to alter the conductivity of correlated electron oxides is a powerful tool to probe their fundamental nature as well as for the possibility of developing novel electronic devices. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an archetypical correlated electron system that displays a temperature-controlled insulating to metal phase transition near room temperature. Recently, ionic liquid gating, which allows for very high electric fields, has been shown to induce a metallic state to low temperatures in the insulating phase of epitaxially grown thin films of VO2. Surprisingly, the entire film becomes electrically conducting. Here, we show, from in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption experiments, that the whole film undergoes giant, structural changes on gating in which the lattice expands by up to ∼3% near room temperature, in contrast to the 10 times smaller (∼0.3%) contraction when the system is thermally metallized. Remarkably, these structural changes are fully reversible on reverse gating. Moreover, we find these structural changes and the concomitant metallization are highly dependent on the VO2 crystal facet, which we relate to the ease of electric-field-induced motion of oxygen ions along chains of edge-sharing VO6 octahedra that exist along the (rutile) c axis.
Routing restorable bandwidth guaranteed connections using maximum 2-route flows (2003)

Routing with service restorability is of much importance in Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) networks, and is a necessity in optical networks. For restoration, each connection has an active path and a link-disjoint backup path. The backup path enables service restoration upon active path failure. For bandwidth efficiency, backups may be shared. This requires that at least the aggregate backup bandwidth used on each link be distributed to nodes performing route computations. If this information is not available, sharing is not possible. Also, one scheme in use for restorability in optical networks is for the sender to transmit simultaneously on the two disjoint paths and for the receiver to choose data from the path with stronger signal. This has the advantage of fast receiver-initiated recovery upon failure but it does not allow backup sharing. In this paper, we consider the problem of efficient dynamic routing of restorable connections when backup sharing is not allowed. Our objective is to be able to route as many connections as possible for one-at-a-time arrivals and no knowledge of future arrivals. Since sharing cannot be used for achieving efficiency, the goal is to achieve efficiency by improved path selection. We show that by using the minimum-interference ideas used for nonrestorable routing, we can develop efficient algorithms that outperform previously proposed algorithms for restorable routing such as routing with the min-hop like objective of finding two disjoint paths with minimum total hop-count. We present two new and efficient algorithms for restorable routing without sharing, and one of them requires only shortest path computations. We demonstrate that both algorithms perform very well in comparison to previously proposed algorithms.
Advances and challenges in dual-tone development process optimization (2009)

The ever-shrinking circuit device dimensions challenge lithographers to explore viable patterning for the 32 nm halfpitch node and beyond. Significant improvements in immersion lithography have allowed extension of optical lithography down to 45 nm node and likely into early 32 nm node development. In the absence of single-exposure patterning solutions, double patterning techniques are likely to extend immersion lithography for 32 nm node manufacturing. While several double patterning techniques have been proposed as viable manufacturing solutions, cost, along with technical capability, will dictate which candidate is adopted by the industry. Dual-tone development (DTD) has been proposed as a potential cost-effective double patterning technique.1 Dual-tone development was reported as early as in the late 1990's by Asano.2 The basic principle of dual-tone imaging involves processing exposed resist latent images in both positive tone (aqueous base) and negative tone (organic solvent) developers. Conceptually, DTD has attractive cost benefits since it enables pitch doubling without the need for multiple etch steps of patterned resist layers. While the concept for DTD technique is simple to understand, there are many challenges that must be overcome and understood in order to make it a manufacturing solution. This work presents recent advances and challenges associated with DTD. Experimental results in conjunction with simulations are used to understand and advance learning for DTD. Experimental results suggest that clever processing on the wafer track can be used to enable DTD beyond 45 nm half-pitch dimensions for a given resist process. Recent experimental results also show that DTD is capable of printing <0.25 k1-factor features with an ArF immersion scanner. Simulation results showing co-optimization of process variables, illumination conditions, and mask properties are presented.
Novel methods of imaging and analysis for the thermoregulatory sweat test (2018)

The thermoregulatory sweat test (TST) can be central to the identification and management of disorders affecting sudomotor function and small sensory and autonomic nerve fibers, but the cumbersome nature of the standard testing protocol has prevented its widespread adoption. A high-resolution, quantitative, clean and simple assay of sweating could significantly improve identification and management of these disorders. Images from 89 clinical TSTs were analyzed retrospectively using two novel techniques. First, using the standard indicator powder, skin surface sweat distributions were determined algorithmically for each patient. Second, a fundamentally novel method using thermal imaging of forced evaporative cooling was evaluated through comparison with the standard technique. Correlation and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to determine the degree of match between these methods, and the potential limits of thermal imaging were examined through cumulative analysis of all studied patients. Algorithmic encoding of sweating and nonsweating regions produces a more objective analysis for clinical decision-making. Additionally, results from the forced cooling method correspond well with those from indicator powder imaging, with a correlation across spatial regions of -0.78 (confidence interval: -0.84 to -0.71). The method works similarly across body regions, and frame-by-frame analysis suggests the ability to identify sweating regions within ~1 s of imaging. Although algorithmic encoding can enhance the standard sweat testing protocol, thermal imaging with forced evaporative cooling can dramatically improve the TST by making it less time consuming and more patient friendly than the current approach. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The thermoregulatory sweat test (TST) can be central to the identification and management of several common neurological disorders, but the cumbersome nature of the standard testing protocol has prevented its widespread adoption. In this study, images from 89 clinical TSTs were analyzed retrospectively using two novel techniques. Our results suggest that these improved methods could make sweat testing more reliable and acceptable for screening and management of a range of neurological disorders.
Partial indium solubility induces chemical stability and colossal thermoelectric figure of merit in Cu<sub>2</sub>Se (2017)

Thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, exceeding 2.6 at 850 K and copper electromigration inhibition have been demonstrated in indium modified Cu<sub>2</sub>Se.
Measurements of Biomagnetism with a Magnetic Shield for a High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconductor (1994)

We developed a helmet-sized superconducting magnetic shield for a high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor. The shield is 32 cm in diameter, 60 cm in depth, and 2.5 cm thick. It was experimentally confirmed that the container can reduce a weak magnetic field by -100 dB or to 1/100,000. The shielding effect of the superconducting container does not decrease even at frequencies as low as 0.2 Hz. Using equipment consisting of a superconducting container, a cryostat to keep the container at liquid nitrogen temperature, and an rf SQUID gradiometer, we successfully detected the magnetic fields of a human brain. We detected somatosensory magnetic fields by stimulating the tibial nerves of the patient with current pulses.
Area efficient layouts of the Batcher sorting networks (2001)

Abstract In the early 1980s, the grid area required by the sorting nets of Batcher for input vectors of length N was investigated by Thompson. He showed that the Ω( N 2 ) area was necessary and sufficient, but the hidden constant factors, both for the lower and upper bounds, were not discussed. In this paper, a lower bound of ( N − 1) 2 /2 is proven, for the area required by any sorting network. Upper bounds of 4 N 2 and 3 N 2 are shown for the bitonic sorter and the odd—even sorter, respectively. In the layouts, which are presented to establish these upper bounds, slanted lines are used and there are no knock‐knees. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparison Between Numerical and Experimental Temperature Distributions in a Small Data Center Test Cell (2007)

Information Technology equipment is continuing to increase in power, leading to significant challenges from the room air conditioning perspective. Numerical models are the dominant techniques for designing new data centers and optimizing existing ones. It is thus critical to understand the inherent error in the model prediction of flow and temperature distributions in the data center, with emphasis on the vicinity of the server rack. This study uses a simulated server rack in a small room where detailed temperature (3D), flow, and power measurements were carried out for a single scenario under steady state conditions. A numerical model was constructed to represent the data center cell for this case. Model results were then compared with three dimensional experimentally obtained temperature maps and the discrepancy between the two was quantified as an error in temperature. The difference between test data and model results was found to be the highest in the exhaust air path from the rear of the simulated server rack to the inlet of the air conditioning unit. The dominant sources of error are likely to be in the use of the standard k-ε turbulence model, and the simplistic rack representation in which rack exhaust airflow is assumed uniform. Both modeling limitations tend to pronounce hot and cold spots and inhibit the mixing of hot and cold air streams within the data center. This is the first study on comparison between three dimensional temperature distributions obtained via modeling and from actual data collection.
Liquid crystal lens with electrically controllable focal length (2011)

A liquid crystal lens driving by low voltages is reported. The focal length of the lens is tunable by the applied voltages, and very low optical aberrations of the lens are observed.