gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High isolation lange-ferrite circulators with NF suppression for simultaneous transmit and receive (2010)

This paper presents a new type of circulator that consists of three Lange couplers and two ferrite circulators for broadband, high isolation, transmit noise suppression and simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR). The operation principal of the circulator is based on quadrature phase cancellation and combination techniques. Preliminary results show that the isolation between the transmit and receive port is >24 dB in frequency range of 5-12 GHz without optimization and 60 dB isolation with 800 MHz bandwidth with optimization. The NF data at the receive port show significant suppression of transmit noise for Gain-NF product that exceeds 21 dB.
Fabrication, assembly and heat transfer testing of low-profile copper-based microchannel heat exchangers (2010)

Low-profile, Cu-based microchannel heat exchangers (MHEs) with different geometric dimensions were fabricated, bonded and assembled. A transient liquid phase (TLP) process was used for bonding of Cu-based MHEs with total thicknesses ranging from 600 μm to 1700 μm. The structural integrity of TLP-bonded Cu MHEs was examined. Device-level heat transfer testing was performed on a series of Cu-based MHEs to study the influence of microchannel dimensions on overall heat transfer performance, corroborated by computational results from a simple 2D finite element analysis. The present results demonstrate the promise of low-profile metallic MHEs for high heat flux cooling applications. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Assessing Factoid Question-Answer Generation for Portuguese (Short Paper) (2017)

We propose a recurrent neural model that generates natural-language questions from documents, conditioned on answers. We show how to train the model using a combination of supervised and reinforcement learning. After teacher forcing for standard maximum likelihood training, we fine-tune the model using policy gradient techniques to maximize several rewards that measure question quality. Most notably, one of these rewards is the performance of a question-answering system. We motivate question generation as a means to improve the performance of question answering systems. Our model is trained and evaluated on the recent question-answering dataset SQuAD.
Synthesis, In Vivo Occupancy, and Radiolabeling of Potent Phosphodiesterase Subtype-10 Inhibitors as Candidates for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging (2011)

We have recently reported the phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor 2-[4-[1-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenoxymethyl]-quinoline ([(18)F]1a) as a promising candidate for in vivo imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). We now describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of related pyridinyl analogues that exhibit high potency and selectivity as PDE10A inhibitors. The most interesting compounds were injected in rats to measure their levels of PDE10A occupancy through an in vivo occupancy assay. The 3,5-dimethylpyridine derivative 3 and the 5-methoxypyridine derivative 4 showed a comparable level of occupancy to that of 1a. Because these derivatives showed lower in vitro activity and are slightly less lipophilic than 1a, we hypothesized that they could behave as better PET imaging ligands. Compounds [(18)F]3, [(18)F]4, and [(11)C]4 were radiosynthesized and subjected to biodistribution studies in rats for a preliminary evaluation as candidate PET radioligands for in vivo imaging of PDE10A in the brain.
Multiband and multifeed antenna for concurrent operation mode (2007)

A small-sized (radiator≃21×9 mm) coupled monopole antenna for concurrent operation mode is presented. The proposed antenna operates in four service bands with two feed ports: port 1: WiBro (2.3–2.4 GHz) and WLAN 802.11a (5.15–5.35 GHz); port 2: m-RFID (908.5–914 MHz) and m-WiMAX (3.4–3.6 GHz). To increase the isolation between the two ports, two filters are used in both feed-lines. The frequency bands of the proposed antenna can be used at the same time for concurrent operation mode.
Proteomic biomarkers in combination with CA 125 for detection of epithelial ovarian cancer using prediagnostic serum samples from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial (2011)

In contrast to earlier findings from analyzes of postdiagnostically collected sera, the addition of 7 biomarkers to CA 125 did not improve sensitivity for preclinical diagnosis beyond CA 125 alone.
DNA‐Mediated Proximity‐Based Assembly Circuit for Actuation of Biochemical Reactions (2018)

Smart nanodevices that integrate molecular recognition and signal production hold great promise for the point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications. Herein, the development of a DNA-mediated proximity assembly of biochemical reactions, which was capable of sensing various bio-targets and reporting easy-to-read signals is reported. The circuit was composed of a DNA hairpin-locked catalytic cofactor with inhibited activity. Specific molecular inputs can trigger a conformational switch of the DNA locks through the mechanisms of toehold displacement and aptamer switching, exposing an active cofactor. The subsequent assembly of an enzyme/cofactor pair actuated a reaction to produce colorimetric or fluorescence signals for detecting target molecules. The developed system could be potentially applied to smart biosensing in molecular diagnostics and POC tests.
Protein Conjugation with Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Enhanced Cellular Delivery (2008)

Modification of a model protein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic), was previously shown to enhance the transport of this protein across the blood-brain barrier in vivo and brain microvessel endothelial cells in vitro. This work develops procedures for synthesis and characterization of HRP with Pluronic copolymers, having different lengths of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) blocks. Four monoamine Pluronic derivatives (L81, P85, L121, P123) were synthesized and successfully conjugated to a model protein, HRP, via biodegradable or nondegradable linkers (dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP), dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP), and disuccinimidyl propionate (DSS)). The conjugation was confirmed by HRP amino group titration, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight spectroscopy, and cation-exchange chromatography. HRP conjugates containing an average of one to two Pluronic moieties and retaining in most cases over 70% of the activity were synthesized. Increased cellular uptake of these conjugates was demonstrated using the Mardin-Derby canine kidney cell line and primary bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells. The optimal modifications included Pluronic L81 and P85. These copolymers have shorter PPO chains compared to Pluronic P123 and L121, which were less efficient. There was little if any dependence of the uptake on the length of the hydrophilic PEO block for the optimal modifications. The proposed modifications may be used to increase cellular uptake of other proteins.
Methods of reducing NO/sub chi/ and SO/sub chi/ emissions from combustion systems (1989)

This patent describes a process for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides in combustion effluent streams. It comprises the steps of: introducing cyanuric acid into a gaseous decomposition zone wherein the decomposition zone is substantially oxygen deficient and contains CO and H/sub 2/0, and is maintained at a temperature in the range of from approximately 1000{sup 0}F. to approximately 3000{sup 0}F.; allowing the cyanuric acid sufficient residence time within the decomposition zone to allow for substantial mixing of the cyanuric acid and gaseous species within the decomposition zone; introducing the resulting gaseous mixture from the decomposition zone to a reaction zone containing combustion effluents, the reaction zone having an excess of oxygen; and allowing the gaseous mixture from the decomposition zone sufficient residence time within the reaction zone to achieve substantial reduction of the nitrogen oxides within the combustion effluents.
Determination of asphaltene contents in residual oils by dual wavelength spectrophotometry. (1989)

An improved method for the determination of asphaltene contents in residual oils by dual wavelength spectrophotometry has been developed. Contents of n-heptane or n-pentane asphaltene can be determined from absorbances of suspended sample solutions at 750 and 800nm. Effects of sample size, particle size of asphaltene and temperature on the absorbance of sample solution were investigated. This method can be applied to a great variety of residual oils such as atmospheric residue, vacuum residue, hydrocracked or thermally cracked residue and bitumens. Time required for the determination of aspaltenes was greatly reduced, using a full automatic asphaltene analyzer (COSMO APD-200A). The relative standard deviation was less than 4%, and the correlation coefficient more than 0.995 proved that the dual wavelength method well correlates with ASTM and IP methods, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole Oxytocin Antagonists: Identification of Aryl Ether Replacements for a Biaryl Substituent. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Strand Invasion Based Amplification (SIBA®): A Novel Isothermal DNA Amplification Technology Demonstrating High Specificity and Sensitivity for a Single Molecule of Target Analyte (2014)

Isothermal nucleic acid amplification technologies offer significant advantages over polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that they do not require thermal cycling or sophisticated laboratory equipment. However, non-target-dependent amplification has limited the sensitivity of isothermal technologies and complex probes are usually required to distinguish between non-specific and target-dependent amplification. Here, we report a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology, Strand Invasion Based Amplification (SIBA). SIBA technology is resistant to non-specific amplification, is able to detect a single molecule of target analyte, and does not require target-specific probes. The technology relies on the recombinase-dependent insertion of an invasion oligonucleotide (IO) into the double-stranded target nucleic acid. The duplex regions peripheral to the IO insertion site dissociate, thereby enabling target-specific primers to bind. A polymerase then extends the primers onto the target nucleic acid leading to exponential amplification of the target. The primers are not substrates for the recombinase and are, therefore unable to extend the target template in the absence of the IO. The inclusion of 2'-O-methyl RNA to the IO ensures that it is not extendible and that it does not take part in the extension of the target template. These characteristics ensure that the technology is resistant to non-specific amplification since primer dimers or mis-priming are unable to exponentially amplify. Consequently, SIBA is highly specific and able to distinguish closely-related species with single molecule sensitivity in the absence of complex probes or sophisticated laboratory equipment. Here, we describe this technology in detail and demonstrate its use for the detection of Salmonella.
<i>In Vivo</i> Fate of Avidin-Nucleic Acid Nanoassemblies as Multifunctional Diagnostic Tools (2013)

This study describes the formulation optimization and body-cell distribution and clearance in mice of a dually fluorescent biodegradable poly avidin nanoassembly based on the novel Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nano-ASsembly (ANANAS) platform as a potential advancement of classic avidin/biotin-based targeted delivery. The nanoformulation circulates freely in the bloodstream; it is slowly captured by filter organs; it is efficiently cleared within 24-48 h, and it is poorly immunogenic. The system displays more favorable properties than its parent monomeric avidin and it is a promising tool for diagnostic purposes for future translational aims, for which free circulation in the bloodstream, safety, multifunctionality and high composition definition are all necessary requirements. In addition, the assembly shows a time-dependent cell penetration capability, suggesting it may also function as a NP-dependent drug delivery tool. The ease of preparation together with the possibility to fine-tune the surface composition makes it also an ideal candidate to understand if and how nanoparticle composition affects its localization.
<title>Optical Video Disc Technology</title> (1974)

In the past few months numerous articles have been published that describe optical video disc systems. (Refs.1-12). In reading through these articles it soon becomes evident that a principle of convergent technical evolution has been at work: the majority of systems under development are remarkably alike in their basic aspects. This convergent evolution is no accident, of course; the criteria for survival have been common to almost all systems. They are cost, simplicity and durability so as to gain acceptance in the consumer market. In less insipid terms: the evolutionary goal that has to be reached is to mass produce an optical read only memory with a capacity of 11 about 10 bits for under $500. The 10<sup>11</sup> bits approximately represent the information content of a half-hour T.V. program and the $500 the average cost of a color T. V. set.
Analysis of Proteins by CE, CIEF, and Microfluidic Devices With Whole-Column-Imaging Detection (2004)

The recently developed whole-column-imaging detection technique for capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), a commercial whole-column-imaged CIEF instrument and its standard operation protocol are introduced. Furthermore, new developments and applications of whole-column-imaging detection in protein-protein interaction study, in protein separation using microfluidic devices and CIEF methods without carrier ampholytes, as well as in 2D separation techniques are reviewed. Miniaturization of whole-column-imaging CIEF and axially illuminated fluorescence whole-column-imaging CIEF are also discussed.
High conversion gain high suppression SiGe based balanced cascode frequency quadrupler at 60&#x2013;77GHz (2011)

This paper demonstrates a frequency multiplier by four (quadrupler) with a cascade topology that exhibits a high conversion gain and high suppression for the 60-77 GHz. Most of the repotted balanced frequency multiplier at mmWave range are frequency doublers, which means that an additional stage have to be used in order to get higher frequency multiplication factor. An additional stage will come at the expense of chip area, power consumption and will have relatively low conversion gain due to the cascading of to multiplying stages. Typically an additional amplifying and filter will have to be used between the stages. Furthermore, each doubler stage has to be tuned for a different frequency range. Finally, the resulting conversion efficiency will be low, thus forcing us to add additional amplifying stages at the forth harmonic.
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Contains a Functional Cell-division-cycle Cdc2 Homologue (1998)

Pneumocystis carinii causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. The inability to culture P. carinii has hampered basic investigations of the organism's life cycle, limiting the development of new therapies directed against it. Recent investigations indicate that P. carinii is a fungus phylogenetically related to other ascomycetes such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The cell cycles of S. pombe and homologous fungi are carefully regulated by cell-division-cycle molecules (cdc), particularly cell-division-cycle 2 (Cdc2), a serine-threonine kinase with essential activity at the G1 restriction point and for entry into mitosis. Antibodies to the proline-serine-threonine-alanine-isoleucine-arginine (PSTAIR) amino-acid sequence conserved in Cdc2 proteins specifically precipitated, from P. carinii extracts, a molecule with kinase activity consistent with a Cdc2-like protein. Cdc2 molecules exhibit differential activity throughout the life cycle of the organisms in which they occur. In accord with this, the P. carinii Cdc2 showed greater specific activity in P. carinii trophic forms (trophozoites) than in spore-case forms (cysts). In addition, complete genomic and complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of P. carinii Cdc2 were cloned and found to be most closely homologus to the corresponding sequences of other pathogenic fungi. The function of P. carinii cdc2 cDNA was further documented through its ability to complement the DNA of mutant strains of S. pombe with temperature-sensitive deficiencies in Cdc2 activity. The P. carinii cdc2 cDNA restored normal Cdc2 function in these mutant strains of S. pombe, and promoted fungal proliferation. These studies represent the first molecular analysis of the cell-cycle-regulatory machinery in P. carinii. Further understanding of P. carinii's life cycle promises novel insights for preventing and treating the intractable infection it causes in immunocompromised patients.
Coupled opto-electronic oscillators (2002)

We present experimental results of coupled optoelectronic oscillators (COEO) constructed with a semiconductor optical amplifier based ring laser and a semiconductor colliding pulse mode-locked laser. Each COEO can simultaneously generate short optical pulses and spectrally pure RF signals. With these devices, we obtained optical pulses as short as 6.2 picoseconds and RF signals as high, in frequency, as 18 GHz with a spectral purity comparable with a HP8561B synthesizer. These experiments demonstrate that COEOs are promising compact sources for generating low jitter optical pulses and low phase noise RF/millimeter wave signals.
Alignment control technology of liquid crystal molecules (2019)

Abstract Liquid crystal displays are now indispensable in everyday life. The display characteristics considerably depend on the configuration of liquid crystal (LC) molecules and interactions between the LC molecules and an alignment film surface. In this paper, we introduce various methods to control parameters that dominate the LC alignment. These parameters include order parameters, the pretilt angle, the director direction, and surface anchoring strength. We also introduce their evaluation methods. In particular, recent alignment film‐free technology is explained in detail. In addition, details of how these parameters are related to the display characteristics, particularly wide viewing angles and fast response characteristics, are described primarily with reference to recent technologies.
Multi-channel electronically scanned cryogenic pressure sensor (1995)

A miniature, multi-channel, electronically scanned pressure measuring device uses electrostatically bonded silicon dies in a multielement array. These dies are bonded at specific sites on a glass, prepatterned substrate. Thermal data is multiplexed and recorded on each individual pressure measuring diaphragm. The device functions in a cryogenic environment without the need of heaters to keep the sensor at constant temperatures.
Structural analysis of cubic boron nitride films by ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy (2006)

Cubic boron nitride (BN) films with improved crystallinity are deposited by physical vapor deposition at an extremely low substrate bias (−35V). The films are characterized by UV Raman in association with Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The influences of bias voltage and film thickness on the characterizations are investigated. UV Raman, in contrast to FTIR, is demonstrated to be a more powerful tool with high sensitivity for quantitative and/or qualitative evaluation of the phase purity and crystallinity, especially as the film thickness increases. Hexagonal BN inclusions (less than 1%), not evident in FTIR, are clearly revealed by UV Raman analysis.
Two-Photon 3D FIONA of Individual Quantum Dots in an Aqueous Environment (2011)

We report the first two-photon (2P) microscopy of individual quantum dots (QDs) in an aqueous environment with both widefield and point-scan excitations at nanometer accuracy. Thiol-containing reductants suppress QD blinking and enable measurement of the 36 nm step size of individual Myosin V motors in vitro. We localize QDs with an accuracy of 2-3 nm in all three dimensions by using a 9 × 9 matrix excitation hologram and an array detector, which also increases the 3D scan imaging rate by 80-fold. With this 3D microscopy we validate the LamB receptor distribution on E. coli and the endocytosis of EGF-receptors in breast cancer cells.
Networked cryptographic devices resilient to capture (2002)

We present a simple technique by which a device that performs private key operations (signatures or decryptions) in networked applications, and whose local private key is activated with a password or PIN, can be immunized to offline dictionary attacks in case the device is captured. Our techniques do not assume tamper resistance of the device, but rather exploit the networked nature of the device, in that the device's private key operations are performed using a simple interaction with a remote server. This server however, is untrusted-its compromise does not reduce the security of the device's private key unless the device is also captured and need not have a prior relationship with the device. We further extend this approach with support for key disabling, by which the rightful owner of a stolen device can disable the device's private key even if the attacker already knows the user's password.
Radioprotection and cross‐linking of allograft bone in the presence of vitamin E (2020)

Bone allografts are the preferred method for bone augmentation in over 500,000 orthopedic surgical procedures in the US. Sterilization by ionizing radiation is the most effective method of minimizing the bioburden of bone allografts; however, radiation causes chain scission of collagen, resulting in the reduction of the allografts' mechanical strength. In this study, we doped bone allografts with vitamin E as radioprotectant using a novel two-step process to protect the collagen architecture against radiation damage and to preserve the mechanical strength of the construct. In addition, combining the radioprotectant with a cross-linking agent further minimized collagen degradation and further preserved the mechanical strength of the allografts. Both vitamin E and combined vitamin E/genipin-treated allograft were less cytotoxic to both osteoblasts and osteoclasts when compared to irradiated-only allografts. Host bone-allograft unionization was faster in a rat calvaria defect model with vitamin E-treated and combined vitamin E and genipin-treated allograft when compare to irradiated-only allografts. This method can enable the efficient and uniform radioprotective treatment of bone allograft of desired shapes for sterilization with improved mechanical strength and biointegration.