gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SIMULATION STUDY OF COMBINING LOAD VALUE AND ADDRESS PREDICTORS (1999)

In this paper, we evaluate a variety of combinations of a load value predictor and a load address predictor. We consider a dynamic hybrid predictor using a predictor selection counter, a static hybrid predictor utilizing execution profiles, and a cooperative predictor. The cooperative predictor is a load value predictor supported by a load address predictor when it is unable to predict a load value. The static hybrid and the cooperative predictors have a benefit that the hardware cost of the selection counter is removed. On the other hand, the dynamic hybrid and the cooperative predictors are free from tedious process of profiling. Based on cycle-by-cycle simulations, we have evaluated the variations and found that the cooperative predictor exploits instruction level parallelism most effectively.
Variations in magnesium and zinc in hypertensive patients receiving different treatments* (1995)

We studied the influence of captopril, atenolol, and verapamil on serum and intraerythrocyte concentrations of magnesium and zinc in 30 normotensive control subjects (12 men and 18 women, aged 30 to 65 years, mean +/- SD 45.76 +/- 12.15 years) and 30 patients with untreated mild or moderate essential hypertension (14 men and 16 women, aged 30 to 65 years, mean +/- SD 49.50 +/- 13.58 years). Ten each of the hypertensive patients were treated with captopril, atenolol, or verapamil. Physical examination and biochemical analyses (serum Mg and Zn) were done in all participants at baseline, and in patients after 3 and 6 months of treatment. The results were compared according to a nested design with Neumann-Keuls test. We found no significant differences between controls and patients in serum and intraerythrocyte concentrations of Zn at the start of the study, although there was a significant decrease in serum Zn in patients after 3 (P < .01) and 6 months (P < .001) of treatment, regardless of the drug used. This decrease was thought to be attributable to the zincuric effect of captopril or to dietary measures, or both. Intraerythrocyte Zn was not significantly affected by antihypertensive treatment. Serum and intraerythrocyte concentrations of Mg were significantly lower (P < .001) in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects, and serum Mg in patients treated with verapamil was significantly lower (P < .05) than after treatment with captopril or atenolol. Serum Mg concentration was related directly with serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.4043, P < .05). We conclude that supplementation with Mg may benefit patients with hypertension.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Borylation and C—H Arylation of Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines: Synthesis of 6,8‐Disubstituted 7‐Deazapurines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Infection of Female Primary Lower Genital Tract Epithelial Cells after Natural Pseudotyping of HIV-1: Possible Implications for Sexual Transmission of HIV-1 (2014)

The global AIDS pandemic continues to expand and in some regions of the world, such as southern Africa, the prevalence of HIV-1 infection exceeds 20%. The devastating spread of the virus in young women in these countries appears disproportional to overall risk of infection. Regions with high prevalence of HIV-1 are often also highly endemic for other pathogenic viruses including HSV, CMV and HTLV. We propose that acquisition by HIV-1 of the envelope glycoproteins of other viruses, in a process we call "natural pseudotyping," expands the cellular tropism of HIV-1, enabling it to infect female genital epithelial cells directly and thereby dramatically increasing risk of infection during sexual intercourse. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that when HIV-1 co-infects T cells along with the gammaretrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), progeny HIV-1 particles are produced capable of infecting primary vaginal, ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cells. These cell types are normally resistant to HIV-1 infection. Infection of primary genital cells was neutralized by antisera against the XMRV glycoprotein, confirming that infection was mediated by the XMRV glycoprotein acquired through pseudotyping of HIV. Inhibition by AZT showed that active replication of HIV-1 occurred in these cells and ruled out non-specific endocytic uptake of the virus. These results demonstrate that natural pseudotyping can expand the tropism of HIV-1 to include genital epithelial cells and have potential implications for sexual transmission of the virus.
Investigation on Preparation and Profile Control Mechanisms of the Dispersed Particle Gels (DPG) Formed from Phenol–Formaldehyde Cross-linked Polymer Gel (2016)

To achieve in-depth profile control and further improve oil recovery, a new profile control agent, termed a dispersed particle gel (DPG), has been developed and reported. In this paper, the DPG particles with sizes ranging from submicrometer to micrometer are prepared successfully from phenol–formaldehyde cross-linked polymer gel by the high speed shearing method. The preparation method is convenient and easy to scale up for the field application. The microscopic characteristics of the DPG have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Parallel sandpack tests and microscopic visualization tests have been conducted to gain insights into the profile control mechanism. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to study the distribution of DPG particles in porous media. The results show that the DPG particles can block the high permeability layers by accumulating in large pore spaces or by directly plugging small pore throats. Meanwhile, the viscoelastic DPG particles can achieve in-depth profile control due to the elastic deformation and migration into the porous media of the reservoir. Moreover, the oil displacement tests show that the DPG can increase the sweep efficiency and effectively enhance oil recovery.
Design and implementation of a location awareness system for field police work (2009)

This paper presents a hand held location awareness device that enables police officers in the field to receive or send messages on the location of activities and events, and reach the destination quickly with the help of a detailed map.
The paradox of autophagy and its implication in cancer etiology and therapy (2009)

Autophagy is a cellular self-catabolic process in which cytoplasmic constituents are sequestered in double membrane vesicles that fuse with lysosomes where they are degraded. As this catabolic activity generates energy, autophagy is often induced under nutrient limiting conditions providing a mechanism to maintain cell viability and may be exploited by cancer cells for survival under metabolic stress. However, progressive autophagy can be cytotoxic and autophagy can under certain settings substitute for apoptosis in induction of cell death. Moreover, loss of autophagy is correlated with tumorigenesis and several inducers of autophagy are tumor-suppressor genes. Thus, the relation of autophagy to cancer development is complex and depends on the genetic composition of the cell as well as on the extra-cellular stresses a cell is exposed to. In this review we describe the intricate nature of autophagy and its regulators, particularly those that have been linked to cancer. We discuss the multifaceted relation of autophagy to tumorigenesis and highlight studies supporting a role for autophagy in both tumor-suppression and tumor-progression. Finally, various autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment are presented.
Asymptotic Distribution of the Contribution Ratio in High-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2011)

In principal component analysis we use the sample cumulative contribution ratio as an estimate of the population cumulative contribution ratio which is a proportion of information condensed into the first several principal components. The main purpose of this paper is to derive an asymptotic distribution of the cumulative contribution ratio in a high-dimensional situation where both the dimension and the sample size are large. Its asymptotic distribution is derived under a spiked model in which the variances of the remainder population principal components are assumed to be equal and small. We consider its logit transformation which is useful in a situation where the population cumulative contribution ratio is high or low. The corresponding large sample results are also summarized with a generalization. Numerical simulation revealed that our new approximation is more accurate than the classical large sample approximation as the dimension increases.
Lithography with high depth of focus by an ion projection system (1992)

It is reported that ion projection lithography has been developed to generate structures with minimum feature sizes in the 100-nm range with a high pixel transfer rate. The high depth-of-focus resulting from the telecentric beam path concept is noted. A silicon wafer exhibiting 200- mu m-deep cavities, which were fabricated by anisotropic etching, was patterned with a grating of 0.6- mu m periodicity running with identical spacings from the bottom to the top. SiO/sub 2/ served as an inorganic ion sensitive resist. Exposed to 73 keV helium ions, the SiO/sub 2/ showed an enhanced etching rate in hydrofluoric acid, the structure developing agent. The application of patterning techniques considered is thought to be promising for the fabrication of two-dimensional reflecting mirrors or sensoric elements distributed on spherical surfaces.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Industrial Aqueous Biphasic Catalysis:  Status and Directions (1998)

The new technique for aqueous, homogeneous catalysis (phase separable homogeneous catalysis) has found its first industrial application in the production of n-butyraldehyde by hydroformylation of propylene. Its advantages are very convincing and will lead to the process principle also being used in other reactions. The status, directions, and possibilities of this new technique are indicated.
On the Environmental and Electrical Bias Stability of Radical Polymer Conductors in the Solid State (2015)

Radical polymers are emerging as a promising class of electronically active macromolecules for solid‐state organic electronic applications due to their synthetic flexibility and scalability; however, the electrical and chemical stability of radical polymer thin films has yet to be established. Here, it is demonstrated that the model radical polymer, poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate) (PTMA), shows excellent solid‐state electrochemical stability when exposed to both bias stressing and varying amounts of moisture in the environment. Specifically, PTMA thin films show consistent performance when continuously swept across a variety of voltage ranges. Furthermore, PTMA remains stable when exposed to a constantly applied bias for 20 h. These two key results demonstrate the stability of the open‐shell repeat unit and the reversibility of the chemical oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction that facilitates charge transport. Additionally, PTMA thin films that are exposed to a range of relative humidity values for 2 h retained consistent electronic performance before and after humidity exposure. This highlights that exposure to water vapor does not decrease the robustness associated with the nitroxide radical. These results establish the stoutness associated with radical polymers and highlight the potential for radical polymers to be implemented in a number of advanced organic electronic technologies. image
Aesthetic extractions with calcium sulfate and the principles of guided tissue regeneration. (1993)

Extraction of maxillary anterior dentition can lead to a deformed ridge which may result in prosthetic difficulties. Compared to secondary soft tissue augmentation procedures, prevention of ridge collapse is a superior approach. A composite graft, consisting of 80% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft material and 20% calcium sulfate, protected by a barrier composed entirely of calcium sulfate, can prevent ridge collapse. The learning object of this article is an increased understanding of the composite graft principles and the implementation technique.
Modeling of inter‐sample variation in flow cytometric data with the joint clustering and matching procedure (2015)

We present an algorithm for modeling flow cytometry data in the presence of large inter-sample variation. Large-scale cytometry datasets often exhibit some within-class variation due to technical effects such as instrumental differences and variations in data acquisition, as well as subtle biological heterogeneity within the class of samples. Failure to account for such variations in the model may lead to inaccurate matching of populations across a batch of samples and poor performance in classification of unlabeled samples. In this paper, we describe the Joint Clustering and Matching (JCM) procedure for simultaneous segmentation and alignment of cell populations across multiple samples. Under the JCM framework, a multivariate mixture distribution is used to model the distribution of the expressions of a fixed set of markers for each cell in a sample such that the components in the mixture model may correspond to the various populations of cells, which have similar expressions of markers (that is, clusters), in the composition of the sample. For each class of samples, an overall class template is formed by the adoption of random-effects terms to model the inter-sample variation within a class. The construction of a parametric template for each class allows for direct quantification of the differences between the template and each sample, and also between each pair of samples, both within or between classes. The classification of a new unclassified sample is then undertaken by assigning the unclassified sample to the class that minimizes the distance between its fitted mixture density and each class density as provided by the class templates. For illustration, we use a symmetric form of the Kullback-Leibler divergence as a distance measure between two densities, but other distance measures can also be applied. We show and demonstrate on four real datasets how the JCM procedure can be used to carry out the tasks of automated clustering and alignment of cell populations, and supervised classification of samples.
A refined genetic map of the region of chromosome 17 surrounding the von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene. (1989)

The von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene has been mapped to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 17. We conducted linkage analyses of NF1 by using 10 polymorphic DNA markers from this chromosomal region. We ascertained 20 American Caucasian NF1 families (163 individuals, 98 NF1 affected) in Michigan and Ohio and also studied a large family ascertained primarily in North Carolina. The following markers were used in this study: HHH202, TH17.19, D17Z1, ERBA1, EW203, EW206, EW207, EW301, CRI-L581, and CRI-L946. NF1 did not recombine with either TH17.19 or HHH202 in any of the informative meioses surveyed (maximum lod scores of 17.04 and 7.21, respectively, at a recombination fraction of .00), indicating that these markers map very close to the NF1 gene. We also report evidence of three instances of recombination between NF1 and the centromeric marker D17Z1 (maximum lod score of 13.43 at a recombination fraction of .04), as well as two crossovers between pairs of marker loci. We find no evidence of locus heterogeneity, and our results support the localization of the NF1 gene to proximal chromosome 17q.
Random Vibration. Mechanical Vibration and Shock Series, Vol III (2003)

3R16. Random Vibration. Mechanical Vibration and Shock Series, Vol III. - C Lalanne (French Atomic Energy Authority, France). Hermes Sci Publ, Paris. Distributed in USA by Taylor & Francis Publ, New York NY. 2002. 346 pp. ISBN 1-56032-988-2. $150.00. Reviewed by YA Rossikhin (Dept of Theor Mech, Voronezh State Univ of Architec and Civil Eng, ul Kirova 3-75, Voronezh, 394018, Russia). This book is the third volume in the series Mechanical Vibration and Shock published by Hermes Science Publications. The objective of the series is to provide state-of-the-art developments in different aspects of vibration and shock analysis from both theoretical and practical standpoints. This work is intended first of all for engineers. This book is a fine handbook for engineers working in design and project teams and in laboratories dealing with the vibration tests, since it comprises the basics of random vibrations and stochastic mechanics, which are adapted to the needs of the mechanical engineer practicing design of structures and equipment subjected to random vibrations in real environments and in laboratory tests. The book includes seven chapters followed by five appendices, a list of references, and an index. The first chapter is an introduction reviewing statistical properties of random processes occurring in engineering systems and the methods of analysis of random vibrations. The second chapter presents the fundamental concepts of probability theory and the statistical analysis of random variables and stochastic processes in the frequency domain. Chapter 3 is devoted to practical calculation of acceleration, velocity, and displacement mean square values. Practical calculation of power spectral density is discussed in Chapter 4 under the assumption that random vibrations are stationary and ergodic. Chapter 5 describes properties of random vibration in the time domain. The following two chapters are devoted to probability distribution of maxima of random vibration and statistics of extreme values, which is very useful information for the pre-sizing of a structure. The main results are summarized in tables given at the end of Chapter 7. Appendices contain some useful formulas for different laws of probability, in 1/nth octave analysis, power spectral density, mathematical functions, and transfer functions. Random Vibration has features intended to support its use as primarily a reference book by engineers and graduate students. The book is well written, with good quality figures and tables to illustrate the subject. A list of references includes textbooks and monographs in the field, as well as original papers. The author provides a reasonable subject index. Consequently, this reviewer recommends purchase by libraries and individuals with an interest in stochastic mechanics.
Mobility management for multicast sessions in a UMTS-IP converged environment (2004)

The support of multicasting as a network layer service poses stringent requirements to next generation mobile networks. But for the fact that IP multicasting has been considered in wireless networks, not until recently has there been a first attempt for the multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) support in UMTS. The investigation of MBMS architectural and functional design in respect to session and mobility management is the major focus of this paper. We approach mobility management support for idle- and connectedmode users with activated MBMS sessions as an extension to the existing mechanisms applicable to point-to-point communication. Moreover, we move one step further to the integration of the UMTS with the IP world, by replacing the UMTS core network with a fully IP-enabled network and propose mobility management mechanisms, in this integrated environment, for users receiving MBMS data.
Lithium Storage in Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Spinel: The Full Static Picture from Electron Microscopy (2012)

The full static picture of Li storage in Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) is derived using the latest spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations. The accommodation of the additional Li(+) is directly visualized and the distribution of electrons introduced by lithium insertion deduced. Moreover, Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) is found to transform into Li(7)Ti(5)O(12) on lithiation by developing a dislocation-free coherent hetero-interface.
Pathogenesis and Inhibition of Flaviviruses from a Carbohydrate Perspective (2017)

Flaviviruses are enveloped, positive single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses with various routes of transmission. While the type and severity of symptoms caused by pathogenic flaviviruses vary from hemorrhagic fever to fetal abnormalities, their general mechanism of host cell entry is similar. All pathogenic flaviviruses, such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Zika virus, bind to glycosaminglycans (GAGs) through the putative GAG binding sites within their envelope proteins to gain access to the surface of host cells. GAGs are long, linear, anionic polysaccharides with a repeating disaccharide unit and are involved in many biological processes, such as cellular signaling, cell adhesion, and pathogenesis. Flavivirus envelope proteins are <i>N</i>-glycosylated surface proteins, which interact with C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) through their glycans. In this review, we discuss both host and viral surface receptors that have the carbohydrate components, focusing on the surface interactions in the early stage of flavivirus entry. GAG-flavivirus envelope protein interactions as well as interactions between flavivirus envelope proteins and DC-SIGN are discussed in detail. This review also examines natural and synthetic inhibitors of flaviviruses that are carbohydrate-based or carbohydrate-targeting. Both advantages and drawbacks of these inhibitors are explored, as are potential strategies to improve their efficacy to ultimately help eradicate flavivirus infections.
Increasing the complexity of chromatin: functionally distinct roles for replication-dependent histone H2A isoforms in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis (2013)

Replication-dependent histones are encoded by multigene families found in several large clusters in the human genome and are thought to be functionally redundant. However, the abundance of specific replication-dependent isoforms of histone H2A is altered in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Similar changes in the abundance of H2A isoforms are also associated with the proliferation and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells. To determine whether these H2A isoforms can perform distinct functions, expression of several H2A isoforms was reduced by siRNA knockdown. Reduced expression of the HIST1H2AC locus leads to increased rates of cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. We also observe that regulation of replication-dependent histone H2A expression can occur on a gene-specific level. Specific replication-dependent histone H2A genes are either up- or downregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor tissue samples. In addition, discreet elements are identified in the 5' untranslated region of the HIST1H2AC locus that confer translational repression. Taken together, these results indicate that replication-dependent histone isoforms can possess distinct cellular functions and that regulation of these isoforms may play a role in carcinogenesis.