gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SEVERAL NEW FACTORS INFLUENCING THE MEASUREMENT OF β-GLUCAN CONTENT USING CALCOFLUOR FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS METHOD (1995)

Factors such as temperature, calcofluor concentration, sample injection volume, void volume of the mixing tube and other factors have been reported to influence the calcofiuor flow-injection analysis (FIA) of β-glucan. In addition to these factors, we revealed the following factors and elucidated their effects on the FIA of β-glucans: the inside diameter and arrangement of the mixing tube, calibration method using peak area or peak height of the edition patterns, and the quality of the calcofluor reagent. An apparently lower value was obtained when (1) the mixing tube had a smaller inside diameter, (2) the mixing tube was looped in a ring of smaller diameter, or (3) the mixing tube was wound as double coils in a figure eight instead of a loop. Furthermore, it was indicated that the peak area calibration produced higher measures values than the peak height calibration. The reagent also affected the results; a calcofluor reagent from Sigma Chemical Co. gave a higher value than one from Polyscience Inc. It was concluded that these troublesome phenomena were derived from the difference between the test sample and the standard solution of β-glucan, that is, the molecular weight distribution of β-glucans and/or the sugar and ethanol in the sample solutions. Based on these findings, it is suggested that international standardization of the FIA method for β-glucan be made.
The small molecule DIPQUO promotes osteogenic differentiation via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta signaling (2021)

Bone fractures are common impact injuries typically resolved through natural processes of osteogenic regeneration and bone remodeling, restoring the biological and mechanical function. However, dysfunctionality in bone healing and repair often arises in the context of aging-related chronic disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is unmet need for effective pharmacological modulators of osteogenic differentiation and an opportunity to probe the complex links between bone biology and cognitive disorders. We previously discovered the small molecule DIPQUO, which promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization in mouse and human cell culture models, and in zebrafish developmental and regenerative models. Here, we examined the detailed function of this molecule. First, we used kinase profiling, cellular thermal shift assays, and functional studies to identify glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-β) inhibition as a mechanism of DIPQUO action. Treatment of mouse C2C12 myoblasts with DIPQUO promoted alkaline phosphatase expression and activity, which could be enhanced synergistically by treatment with other GSK3-β inhibitors. Suppression of the expression or function of GSK3-β attenuated DIPQUO-dependent osteogenic differentiation. In addition, DIPQUO synergized with GSK3-β inhibitors to stimulate expression of osteoblast genes in human multipotent progenitors. Accordingly, DIPQUO promoted accumulation and activation of β-catenin. Moreover, DIPQUO suppressed activation of tau microtubule-associated protein, an AD-related effector of GSK3-β signaling. Therefore, DIPQUO has potential as both a lead candidate for bone therapeutic development and a pharmacological modulator of GSK3-β signaling in cell culture and animal models of disorders including AD.
Fang: a firewall analysis engine (2002)

Today, even a moderately sized corporate intranet contains multiple firewalls and routers, which are all used to enforce various aspects of the global corporate security policy. Configuring these devices to work in unison is difficult, especially if they are made by different vendors. Even testing or reverse engineering an existing configuration (say when a new security administrator takes over) is hard. Firewall configuration files are written in low level formalisms, whose readability is comparable to assembly code, and the global policy is spread over all the firewalls that are involved. To alleviate some of these difficulties, we designed and implemented a novel firewall analysis tool. Our software allows the administrator to easily discover and test the global firewall policy (either a deployed policy or a planned one). Our tool uses a minimal description of the network topology and directly parses the various vendor-specific low level configuration files. It interacts with the user through a query-and-answer session, which is conducted at a much higher level of abstruction. A typical question our tool can answer is "from which machines can our DMZ be reached and with which services?" Thus, the tool complements existing vulnerability analysis tools, as it can be used before a policy is actually deployed it operates on a more understandable level of abstraction, and it deals with all the firewalls at once.
Amylo‐Oligosaccharide Formation from B. stearothermophilus α‐Amylase Action on Starches (1990)

ABSTRACT The action of α‐amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus on starches is distinguished by early dominant quantities of maltohexaose (DP 6 ), followed by its erosion and increases in amylo‐oligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization (DP): maltose (DP 2 ), maltotriose (DP 3 ) and maltopentose (DP 5 ). Amylolysis of the starches at high substrate concentrations (20‐30%) and elevated temperature (95°C) gave yields of 11–31% maltohexaose in the hydrolysate compositions. The a‐amylolysis of jet‐cooked ordinary, waxy and high‐amylose corn starches is greater with the high‐amylose starch than with the starches containing increasing quantities of amylopectin. Starch derivatives with hydroxypropyl groups greatly reduced amylolysis, but these groups did not alter the action patterns.
Low-rate multi-dimensional space-time codes for both slow and rapid fading channels (2002)

We consider the design of channel codes for improving the data rate and/or the reliability of communications using multiple transmit antennas over a fading channel. It is assumed that the transmitter does not know the channel but seeks to choose a codebook that guarantees a diversity gain of r/sub 1/ when there is no mobility and a diversity gain of r/sub 2//spl ges/r/sub 1/ when the channel is fast fading. A solution to this problem is unveiled in this paper. Here, the encoded data is split into n streams that are simultaneously transmitted using n transmit antennas. The signal received at each receive antenna is a superposition of the faded versions of the n transmitted signals. We derive performance criteria for designing codes having the aforementioned properties. Performance is shown to be determined by diversity advantage quantified by a rank/distance and coding advantage quantified by a determinant/product criterion. The criteria is used to design codes for both slow and rapid fading channels. The constructed codes have remarkable performance in low signal to noise ratios and are suitable for improving the frequency reuse factor under a variety of mobility conditions.
On the Design of Frequency-Invariant Beampatterns With Uniform Circular Microphone Arrays (2017)

This paper deals with two critical issues about uniform circular arrays (UCAs): frequency-invariant response and steering flexibility. It focuses on some optimal design of frequency-invariant beampatterns in any desired direction along the sensor plane. The major contributions are as follows. 1) We explain how to include the steering information in the desired directivity pattern. 2) We show that the optimal approximation of the beamformer's beampattern with a UCA from a least-squares error perspective is the Jacobi-Anger expansion. 3) We develop an approach to the design of any desired symmetric directivity pattern, where the deduced beampattern is almost frequency invariant and its main beam can be pointed to any wanted direction in the sensor plane. 4) With the proposed approach, we derive an explicit form of the white noise gain (WNG) and the directivity factor (DF), and explain clearly the white noise amplification problem at low frequencies and the DF degradation at high frequencies. The analysis also indicates that increasing the number of microphones can always improve the WNG. We show that the proposed method is a generalization of circular differential microphone arrays. The relationship between the proposed method and the so-called circular harmonics beamformers is also discussed.
An Automated Petrographic Image Analysis System: Capillary Pressure Curves Using Confocal Microscopy (2012)

Abstract Laboratory mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analyses are key inputs into reservoir simulators. Although laboratory MICP measurements are accurate, they are slow, expensive, not friendly to the environment, destroy samples, and are not useful for pore-throats larger than 100 microns. This paper presents a fast and accurate automated petrographic image analysis system, used to compute pore-body and pore-throat size distributions and simulated capillary pressure curves. Input includes high-resolution petrographic images, such as those from confocal microscopy (0.25-microns resolution), and laboratory-derived porosity measurements. Our system can be used in conjunction with laboratory Special Core Analysis (SCAL) to obtain more accurate representations of reservoir properties. To enable us to compute numerical SCAL measurements, we introduce the Expanding Flow Model (EFM) to show fluid-flow behavior inside pores. This model identifies the largest attached pore-throat as the throat that controls fluid flow in, or out, of a particular pore-body. Pore-throats are extracted using a novel image-analysis technique, based on watershedding algorithms and differences between processed images. We then compute: (a) pore-body and pore-throat size distributions, (b) numerical SCAL in the form of simulated capillary pressure curves for pore bodies and pore-throats, (c) representative element areas (REAs), which are the smallest areas that statistically capture heterogeneity, and (d) values that represent image quality to measure confidence in the results. We have analyzed a number of samples with different porosity and permeability characteristics. Simulated capillary pressure results show a close match to laboratory data if good-quality representative images and accurate laboratory-derived porosity values are used. Rocks with lower porosity tend to produce better results. Simulated results match raw laboratory data, and eliminate closure-correction factors used in Thomeer capillary-pressure analyses.
Dynamic aberrometer/topographer designed for clinical measurement and treatment of highly aberrated eyes (2022)

The human eye is a complex optical system with multiple elements. It is aspheric, nonsymmetric, and time dependent; yet, overall it has incredible performance. There have been various instruments developed over the years to measure and then to guide treatment to correct for ocular aberrations. As the development of these instruments (and treatments) has progressed, we have sought to correct more difficult cases, which may be more aberrated, time-dependent, or difficult in some other way. To this end, we have developed a new dynamic aberrometer that expands the boundaries of measurement capability with the aim of measuring and treating more difficult cases. This aberrometer has been designed that incorporates high-resolution Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensing, full gradient (spot) corneal topography, dynamic acquisition, and a subjective digital refractometer. This instrument is designed to measure extremely high aberrations and to provide information for treatment in multiple modalities. A small clinical study was conducted with subjects ranging from 23 to 64 years old to evaluate the effectiveness of the dynamic analysis at selecting a refraction. Examples are presented for measurements with keratoconus, irregular corneas, and tear-film irregularity. In the clinical study, young subjects showed an overall +0.27 D reduction in instrument induced myopia using dynamic measurement compared to a snapshot. The instrument has a large dynamic range for measuring subjects with keratoconus and other aberrated corneal conditions. The new instrument is effective at providing information needed for treatment in multiple modalities. The subjective digital refractometer corrects the fixation target for the objectively measured low-order aberrations (defocus and astigmatism). This provides immediate subjective feedback on the objective refraction and, with the ability to manually adjust the refraction parameters, the ability to compare objective and subjective refractions in the same setting.
Cloning and characterization of the mammalian brain-specific, Mg <sup>2+</sup> -dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (2000)

The enzymatic breakdown of sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinases is considered the major source of the second messenger ceramide. Studies on the contribution of the various described acidic and neutral sphingomyelinases to the signaling pool of ceramide have been hampered by the lack of molecular data on the neutral sphingomyelinases (nSMases). We recently identified a mammalian nSMase, an integral membrane protein with remote similarity to bacterial sphingomyelinases. However, its ubiquitous expression pattern is in contrast to previous findings that sphingomyelinase activity is found mainly in brain tissues. By using an improved database search method, combined with phylogenetic analysis, we identified a second mammalian nSMase (nSMase2) with predominant expression in the brain. The sphingomyelinase activity of nSMase2 has a neutral pH optimum, depends on Mg(2+) ions, and is activated by unsaturated fatty acids and phosphatidylserine. Immunofluorescence reveals a neuron-specific punctate perinuclear staining, which colocalizes with a Golgi marker in a number of cell lines. The likely identity of nSMase2 with cca1, a rat protein involved in contact inhibition of 3Y1 fibroblasts, suggests a role for this enzyme in cell cycle arrest. Both mammalian nSMases are members of a superfamily of Mg(2+)-dependent phosphohydrolases, which also contains nucleases, inositol phosphatases, and bacterial toxins.
Modeling of injection-locking phenomena in diode-laser arrays (1986)

We report the first self-consistent numerical model to our knowledge of the injection-locking process in a gain-guided diode-laser array. This model reproduces two essential features of device behavior seen in recent experiments: (1) the single-lobed far-field output beam that results from injecting a single end-element of the array and (2) the linear dependence of the far-field beam angle on injection frequency. This angular scanning of the far-field beam angle can be understood on the basis of a simple plane-wave picture in which a change in the injection frequency leads to a tilt of the wave front in the diode-laser array in order to maintain the Fabry–Perot resonance condition.
Speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT): Reconstructing the three dimensional distribution of blood flow in deep tissues (2014)

A novel tomographic imaging method called speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) to image blood flow in deep tissue is presented. Method is based on Born approximation and is validated using the tissue simulating phantoms.
Gratings-interferometry at hard X-ray: an emerging imaging technique for medical, life and material sciences applications (2016)

Grating interferometry emerged as a disruptive technique enhancing density and structural contents of X-ray investigations. This asks for brighter sources to cope with the improved imaging sensitivity. The talk will discuss source requirements and applications.
Performance Investigation of a Mobile Terminal Phased Array With User Effects at 3.5 GHz for LTE Advanced (2016)

This letter discusses the performance investigation of a beam-steerable antenna system at 3.5 GHz with user effects. To show how to investigate the performance of such a system, an antenna array system in a metal frame structure is used as one example. The antenna system includes four phased subarrays. Each subarray consists of two slot antenna elements. In the application, it is possible to control the beam by phase in each subarray and switch the main beam direction among the four phased subarrays, depending on the incoming power and interference directions. The main idea in this letter is to evaluate the performance of the phased array system by using the metrics of total scan pattern and coverage efficiency with CTIA standards. The proposed antenna system is simulated and measured in free space and with user effects. Losses in both scan angles and coverage efficiency due to the user effects are also given and discussed in this letter.
Crystal Growth of Silicate Phosphors from the Vapor Phase (2011)

Well-crystallized Ba2SiO4: Eu2+ powders were grown on a substrate by the vapor phase reaction between a mixed powder (barium carbonate and europium oxide) and SiO gas. The vaporization of SiO occurs at 1400-1600°C from the SiO2 source (or SiO powder) in a reducing atmosphere. The formed SiO gas was transported by 95 vol% Ar - 5 vol% H2 gas and reacted with the raw material powders. The emission intensity of the Ba2SiO4: Eu2+ phosphor synthesized by the new vapor phase technique is about 2.6 times higher than that of a conventional solid-state reaction sample.
An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of Relacorilant on the Activity of Cytochrome P450 Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (2020)

Relacorilant is a selective modulator of the glucocorticoid receptor in development for the treatment of several serious diseases. The widely used cocktail method was employed to assess relacorilant's effect on various cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolizing enzymes in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 as well as induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 were assessed in vitro (relacorilant concentrations up to 10 µM). A clinical study in healthy subjects (n = 27) evaluated the inhibition of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 in vivo by administering single doses of probe CYP substrates (midazolam, pioglitazone, and tolbutamide) alone and in combination with relacorilant (350 mg). Pharmacokinetic sampling was conducted, and safety was assessed throughout the study. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using 90% confidence intervals of the geometric least squares mean ratios of test (probe substrate with relacorilant) vs reference (probe substrate alone) using boundaries of 80% to 125%. In vitro, relacorilant inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 but did not meaningfully affect the activity of the other CYP enzymes evaluated. Consistent with the in vitro data, relacorilant was shown to be a strong CYP3A inhibitor in vivo (>8-fold increase in midazolam area under the concentration versus time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration and area under the concentration versus time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity). Coadministration of relacorilant with drugs highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance is expected to increase the concentrations of these drugs. Importantly, clinical evaluation of relacorilant showed no inhibition of CYP2C8 or CYP2C9 in vivo. Accordingly, drugs that are substrates of only CYP2C8 and/or CYP2C9 can be coadministered with relacorilant without dose adjustment.
‘FLLA11019‐8’: A new dual‐purpose facultative oat cultivar for grain and forage production in the southern United States (2023)

Abstract ‘FLLA11019‐8’ (Reg. no. CV‐386, PI 700040) is new facultative oat ( Avena sativa L.) cultivar for the southern United States for forage, grain, cover, and wildlife food crop uses. It was co‐developed by the University of Florida and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and was released in 2020 under the SunGrains, a cooperative small grain breeding program among seven Southern Universities. This line was derived from a single cross between two advanced breeding lines, FL0564‐Ab13 and LA06071SBSB‐S1. Exclusive marketing rights were granted to Ragan & Massey, Inc., and the line is currently commercializing under the names of RAM Forage Oats and PlotSpike Forage Oats. The University of Florida is the lead institution in this release. FLLA11019‐8 (originally named FLLA11‐19S‐8) was developed using the selected bulk breeding method and was selected as an F 5:6 head row. The line was evaluated in observation, preliminary, advanced, regional, and state grain and forage yield trials from 2016 to 2021. FLLA11019‐8 was released based on the merits of its broad adaptation, excellent grain yield, volume weight, forage potential, and winter survival. It is resistant to crown rust and stem rust and moderately resistant to Barley yellow dwarf virus . It is a mid‐maturing and mid‐tall height variety. FLLA11019‐8 has semi‐prostrate plant type with vigorous early‐season growth and high tillering capacity. It has performed very well in both grain and forage trials and is broadly adapted to the southern and southeastern United States.
Surface Segregation of Sulfur and Its Effect on Surface-Energy-Induced Selective Grain Growth in Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga-B Alloy (2008)

The surface-energy-induced selective grain growth with a specific plane can be governed in polycrystalline Fe-Ga-B alloys doped with sulfur. The segregated sulfur during texture annealing played an important role in controlling the surface energy to induce the selective growth of {100} or {110} grains, corresponding to maximum magnetostrictive performance, along <001> orientation with respect to rolling direction. The results show that sulfur diffuses (adsorbs) from bulk interior (sulfur atmosphere) then segregates on the surface. The amount of segregated sulfur increases with an increase of annealing time at the temperature of 1200°C. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data on the surface as well as selective development of {100}<001> and {110}<001> preferred textures are presented in this work. The XPS fitted peaks of S 2p3/2 at binding energy of 161.2 and 163.2 eV for annealed Fe-Ga-B doped with sulfur represent the presence of stoichiometric FeS and FeSn (polysulfide), respectively. For all of the sulfur-free Fe-Ga-B sheets annealed in the ampoule with sulfur element, XPS indicated contributions centered at approximately 161.7 (S 2p) that has been assigned to iron sulfide as well. The presence of FeS was clearly confirmed by XRD patterns and XPS fitted peak positions at 161.5 eV (S 2p3/2) and 710.2 eV (Fe 2p3/2). The segregation of sulfur and boron during annealing were also confirmed by AES depth profile results, which exhibited peak concentrations of 10 at.%S and 20 at.%B at the surface, respectively. The peak magnetostriction of 201 ppm was obtained at annealed (Fe81.3Ga18.7)99B1 alloy with near {100}<001> orientation under sulfur atmosphere containing the amounts of 6.4 mg S. On the other hand, the texture of sulfur-free Fe-Ga-B alloy was close to {110}<001> after annealing at 1200°C for 6h under flowing argon, corresponding to the magnetostriction of 160 ppm.