gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sculpting Enzyme-Generated Giant Polymer Brushes (2021)

We present a simple yet versatile method for sculpting ultra-thick, enzyme-generated hyaluronan polymer brushes with light. The patterning mechanism is indirect, driven by reactive oxygen species created by photochemical interactions with the underlying substrate. The reactive oxygen species disrupt the enzyme hyaluronan synthase, which acts as the growth engine and anchor of the end-grafted polymers. Spatial control over the grafting density is achieved through inactivation of the enzyme in an energy density dose-dependent manner, before or after polymerization of the brush. Quantitative variation of the brush height is possible using visible wavelengths and illustrated by the creation of a brush gradient ranging from 0 to 6 μm in height over a length of 56 μm (approximately a 90 nm height increase per micron). Building upon the fundamental insights presented in this study, this work lays the foundation for the flexible and quantitative sculpting of complex three-dimensional landscapes in enzyme-generated hyaluronan brushes.
A compact and power efficient local oscillator generation and distribution system for complex multi radio systems (2008)

A 65 nm, 0.53 mm^2, CMOS multi-radio-frequency local oscillator (LO) generation and distribution system utilizes single phase routings, a single VCO, and smaller Q inductors (compensated by a negative R stage) to reduce area, quadrature coupling, and power consumption. The LO amplitude, IQ imbalances and current consumption are adjusted dynamically by an automatic control loop (ACL) in order to maintain optimum performance. This work results in 60% area and 50% power savings relative to prior implementation while maintaining the optimized performances [4].
3D-Printed Zeolite Monoliths for CO<sub>2</sub> Removal from Enclosed Environments (2016)

Structured adsorbents, especially in the form of monolithic contactors, offer an excellent gas-solid contacting strategy for the development of practical and scalable CO<sub>2</sub> capture technologies. In this study, the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D)-printed 13X and 5A zeolite monoliths with novel structures and their use in CO<sub>2</sub> removal from air are reported. The physical and structural properties of these printed monoliths are evaluated and compared with their powder counterparts. Our results indicate that 3D-printed monoliths with zeolite loadings as high as 90 wt % exhibit adsorption uptake that is comparable to that of powder sorbents. The adsorption capacities of 5A and 13X monoliths were found to be 1.59 and 1.60 mmol/g, respectively, using 5000 ppm (0.5%) CO<sub>2</sub> in nitrogen at room temperature. The dynamic CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> breakthrough experiments show relatively fast dynamics for monolithic structures. In addition, the printed zeolite monoliths show reasonably good mechanical stability that can eventually prevent attrition and dusting issues commonly encountered in traditional pellets and beads packing systems. The 3D printing technique offers an alternative, cost-effective, and facile approach to fabricate structured adsorbents with tunable structural, chemical, and mechanical properties for use in gas separation processes.
Transient Liquid Phase Sintering Conductive Adhesives as Solder (1997)

New transient liquid phase sintering conductive adhesives, which have an interpenetrating polymer/metal network, have been developed to mitigate some of the deficiencies of standard particle-filled conductive adhesives. The metal network is formed in situ by a process known as transient liquid phase sintering (TLPS) and is mutually reinforcing with the polymer network. Bulk as well as interface electrical connections are metallurgically alloyed providing stable electrical and thermal conduction. These new conductive adhesive compositions are compatible with bare copper as well as alloy fmishes. The TLPS conductive adhesives utilize conventional surface mount technology dispensing and processing equipment. In testing this type of adhesive for surface mount component attach, boards were subjected to 7-foot drop tests. All components, including J-lead, gull wing and leadless, survived this test, as would be expected of typical solder joints; most traditional conductive adhesives did not. Electrical conductivity results also indicate values closer to those of traditional solder alloys. Furthermore, reliability testing including humidity followed by air-to-air thermal shock (-55OC to +125C) has demonstrated that this type of adhesive performs substantially better than standard, passive filler loaded conductive adhesives.
Electron Transfer Reactions in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2017)

Electrochemistry may seem an outsider to the field of polymer science and controlled radical polymerization. Nevertheless, several electrochemical methods have been used to determine the mechanism of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), using both a thermodynamic and a kinetic approach. Indeed, electron transfer reactions involving the metal catalyst, initiator/dormant species, and propagating radicals play a crucial role in ATRP. In this mini-review, electrochemical properties of ATRP catalysts and initiators are discussed, together with the mechanism of the atom and electron transfer in ATRP. 1 Introduction 2 Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Properties of ATRP Catalysts 3 Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Properties of Alkyl Halides and Alkyl Radicals 4 Atom Transfer from an Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Standpoint 5 Mechanism of Electron Transfer in ATRP 6 Electroanalytical Techniques for the Kinetics of ATRP Activation 7 Electrochemically Mediated ATRP 8 Conclusions
Test Sequence Compaction Methods for Acyclic Sequential Circuits Using a Time Expansion Model (1999)

Test sequences for acyclic sequential circuits can be generated by using a time expansion model. In this paper, static and dynamic test sequence compaction techniques are proposed in which the test sequence generated by the time expansion model has two characteristics: (1) The test sequence length is constant, and (2) The location of an undefined value (X) for all primary inputs can be determined independently of test generation faults. First, a static test sequence compaction method is proposed that uses a template which is independent of the value of the test sequence. Then a dynamic test sequence compaction method is presented using reverse transform fault simulation, performing fault simulation for the time expansion model of the test pattern in which the test sequence after compaction is reverse-transformed. As a result of application of the proposed method to acyclic sequential circuits made by using partial scan design, the test sequence length was reduced by 19 to 34%. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(10): 105–115, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1162
Mutations affecting the replication capacity of the hepatitis B virus (2006)

The genetic variability of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) encounters two compounding forces: a high viral copy number produced during active replication and the lack of proofreading activity in the HBV polymerase, resulting in a high mutational rate. A large pool of quasispecies is generated in which the fittest virus, i.e. the virus that replicates best, becomes the dominant species. Immune and antiviral selection pressures result in vaccine/immunoglobulin escape mutants and antiviral resistant variants. Viruses encoding changes associated with antiviral resistance often have reduced replication in vitro, but the accumulation of additional mutations helps restore viral fitness. These compensatory mutations may occur not only in the polymerase gene but also in other genes such as the overlapping envelope gene, the precore gene, or in regulatory regions such as the basal core promoter. In this report we aim to review the new findings that have appeared in recent months.
<i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junction formation in boron-deposited silicon by laser-induced diffusion (1978)

A technique for p-n junction formation in silicon, based on deposition of boron on silicon at room temperature followed by laser irradiation is described. Transmission electron microscopy and electrical measurements indicate that as a result of the laser irradiation the boron is dissolved in the silicon and becomes electrically active. Diode characteristics of p-n junctions produced by this technique are quite good. The dopant profile distribution has been obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry and is in qualitative agreement with simplified theoretical calculations.
Automatic Determination of Timing Intervals for Upper Limit of Vulnerability Using ICD Electrograms (2008)

An automated method based on ICD EGMs identifies the most vulnerable intervals with accuracy comparable to the operator-performed, clinical method based on the surface ECG. This EGM method can be implemented efficiently in an ICD to automate vulnerability testing.
THz Micro-Doppler Measurements Based On A Silicon-Based Picosecond Pulse Radiator (2019)

In this paper, a custom picosecond pulse radiator is used to demonstrate the micro-Doppler phenomenon in the Terahertz (THz) regime. In the micro-Doppler effect, the periodic movement of radar targets modulates the frequency of the electromagnetic waves reflected from their surface. The modulation depth is dependant on the intensity of the vibrations and the carrier frequency. Therefore, using carrier tones in the THz regime enables detection of weak micro-Doppler signatures. In this experiment, sound vibrations with frequency of 50 to 700 Hz were used to modulate a 395.2 GHz carrier signal produced by a digital-to-impulse (D2I) silicon chip. A ten-second music track, a chirp sound, and multiple frequency tones were produced by a speaker and then were reconstructed through the micro-Doppler effect. The sound waves were recovered via frequency demodulation at the receiver.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria: Structure of a novel ss‐DNA metalloenzyme inhibitor (2012)

β‐Lactam antibiotics are among the most important drugs used to fight bacterial infection. Overuse and misuse of β‐lactam antibiotics has caused the evolution of resistance mechanisms, allowing pathogenic bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment. The major source of resistance to β‐lactam antibiotics occurs through production of enzymes called β‐lactamases capable of catalyzing hydrolysis of the β‐lactam rings in these drug compounds. The metallo‐β‐lactamases have become a major threat due to their broad substrate specificities; there are no clinically useful inhibitors for these metalloenzymes. Previously, we reported the discovery of a 10‐residue single‐stranded DNA (ss‐DNA) aptamer that is a potent inhibitor of the B. cereus 5/B/6 metallo‐β‐lactamase [S.‐K. Kim, C. L. Sims, S. E. Wozniak, S. H. Drude, D. Whitson and R. W. Shaw, Chemical Biology and Drug Design , 74 , 343–348 (2009)]. The ss‐DNA may have a stem‐loop type of secondary structure. We are utilizing molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations to attempt to predict the solution structure of this 10‐residue ss‐DNA aptamer. Furthermore, we have successfully crystallized this aptamer and have shown that the crystals can diffract to 2.5 Å resolution, or better. (TTU‐OTC)
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Piperazinyl Pyrrolidin-2-ones as a Novel Series of Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors (2018)

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a major serine hydrolase that hydrolyzes 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to arachidonic acid (AA) and glycerol in the brain. Because 2-AG and AA are endogenous biologically active ligands in the brain, inhibition of MAGL is an attractive therapeutic target for CNS disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we report the structure-based drug design of novel piperazinyl pyrrolidin-2-ones starting from our hit compounds 2a and 2b. By enhancing the interaction of the piperazinyl pyrrolidin-2-one core and its substituents with the MAGL enzyme via design modifications, we identified a potent and reversible MAGL inhibitor, compound ( R)-3t. Oral administration of compound ( R)-3t to mice decreased AA levels and elevated 2-AG levels in the brain.
High gain GaN/AlGaN heterojunction phototransistor (1998)

A GaN/AlGaN heterojunction bipolar phototransistor with gain in excess of 105 was demonstrated. From 360 to 400 nm, an eight orders of magnitude drop in responsivity was achieved. The phototransistor features a rapid electrical quenching of persistent photoconductivity, and exhibits high dark impedance and no dc drift. By changing the frequency of the quenching cycles, the detection speed of the phototransistor can be adjusted to accommodate specific applications. These results represent an internal gain UV detector with significantly improved performance over GaN-based photoconductors.
Interband cascade laser operating to 269 K at λ=4.05 µm (2007)

A ten-stage interband cascade laser with 13 µm-wide, 4 mm-long ridge waveguide and Au electroplating for improved epitaxial-side-up heatsinking operates CW to a temperature of 269 K, where the emission wavelength is 4.05 µm. Maximum CW output powers are 130 mW at 78 K, 58 mW at 200 K, and 9 mW at 260 K, and the threshold current density at T=260 K is 660 A/cm2.
A cycle accurate power estimation tool (2006)

Power consumption is one of the major challenges in VLSI Design. Power constrained designs need tools to accurately predict the power consumption and provide feedback to designers on the efficiency of the power management logic. In this paper we present the methodology behind a cycle accurate power estimation tool. This tool was used to estimate the power of a first generation CELL Processor. The tool extracts switching and clock activity from RTL simulations and applies them to transistor level macro power models to calculate the power for every cycle of the simulation trace.
Development of a Sensitive and Rapid Chromogenic Factor IX Assay for Clinical Use (1990)

A chromogenic factor IX assay is developed which requires only two time-dependent steps. Diluted plasma is mixed with a reagent containing factors VIII and X. The reaction is started by addition of a reagent containing factor XIa, thrombin, CaCl2, and phospholipids. Then factor XIa activates factor IX if present, thrombin activates factor VIII, and subsequently the complete factor X activating complex (factor IXa, factor VIIIa, Ca ions, and phospholipids) rapidly activates factor X. Finally, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plus a chromogenic substrate are added to stop the reaction and to measure formed factor Xa. Factor Xa formation is proportional to the plasma factor IX concentration (from 0 to 140%). The two reagents needed for the assay are stable at room temperature during a whole working day and for 3 h at 37 degrees C. A new isolation procedure for factor VIII is described. Factor VIII is purified from bovine plasma in a few steps with a yield of 20% and a 8,000-fold purification.
Inline monitoring of laser processing: new industrial results with the low coherence interferometry sensor approach (2016)

The introduction of inline coherent imaging technologies as a sensor for the laser materials processing is accompanied by the integration into several applications. One of these is the measurement of the depth of the vapor capillary for laser welding applications, now allowing to keep record of the welding depth with an accuracy of micrometers and a sub millisecond temporal resolution. The broader achievement is the closed-loop control of the welding depth that was not available in industrial environments till now due to the lack of an adequate sensor. Further use includes the acquisition of 3D images around the laser process itself, allowing for coaxial integration of pre- and post-process sensors. These applications are demonstrated by using the In-Process Depth Meter (IDM).
The Nasal Epithelium as a Factory for Systemic Protein Delivery (2002)

We have previously shown that recombinant Sendai virus (SeV) produces efficient in vivo airway epithelial gene transfer. The ability to produce therapeutic levels of circulating proteins following noninvasive gene transfer would have widespread clinical application. Here, we compared nose, lung, and skeletal muscle for the ability to produce circulating levels of the secreted mouse antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL10) following SeV-mediated gene transfer. High levels of serum IL10 were obtained from each site with a potency order of lung > nose > muscle for a given viral titer. Serum levels from each site were within the likely required range for anti-inflammatory effects. The combination of a high-efficiency gene transfer agent (SeV) and sites that can be assessed noninvasively (nose or lung) may circumvent several current challenges to gene therapy.
Authentication Protocol for Mobile IPv6 (2006)

This RFC is not a candidate for any level of Internet Standard. RFC 3775 and 3776 define Mobile IPv6 and its security mechanism. This document presents an alternate security mechanism for Mobile IPv6 used in 3GPP2 networks.
<i>cag</i> A positive and negative <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> strains are simultaneously present in the stomach of most patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia: relevance to histological damage (1998)

Most patients with nonulcer dyspepsia are infected by both cagA+ and cagA- H pylori colonies. The cagA status of infecting organisms may play a role in the development of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.
T25 Repeat in the 3′ Untranslated Region of the <i>CASP2</i> Gene: A Sensitive and Specific Marker for Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer (2005)

DNA mismatch repair deficiency is observed in about 10% to 15% of all colorectal carcinomas and in up to 90% of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) patients. Tumors with mismatch repair defects acquire mutations in short repetitive DNA sequences, a phenomenon termed high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H). The diagnosis of MSI-H in colon cancer is of increasing relevance, because MSI-H is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, seems to influence the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy, and is the most important molecular screening tool to identify HNPCC patients. To make MSI typing feasible for the routine pathology laboratory, highly reproducible and cost effective laboratory tests are required. Here, we describe a novel T25 mononucleotide marker in the 3'untranslated region of the CASP2 gene (CAT25) that displayed a quasimonomorphic repeat pattern in normal tissue of 200 unrelated individuals of Caucasian origin. In addition, CAT25 was monomorphic also in all tested donors of African and Asian origin (n = 102 and n = 79, respectively) and thus differs from the most commonly used markers BAT25 and BAT26. Without the analysis of corresponding normal tissue, CAT25 correctly detected 56 of 57 colorectal cancer specimens classified as MSI-H by using the standard National Cancer Institute/International Collaborative Group-HNPCC marker panel. Combined with the standard markers BAT25 and BAT26 in a multiplex PCR, all MSI-H colorectal cancer samples were typed correctly. No false-positive results were obtained in 60 non-MSI-H control colorectal cancer specimens. These data suggest that CAT25 should be included into novel marker panels for microsatellite testing thus allowing for a significant reduction of the complexity and costs of MSI typing. Moreover, CAT25 represents a highly promising marker for early detection of colorectal cancer in HNPCC germ line mutation carriers.
HIGH-STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS FORGING STEELS FOR AUTOMOBILE UNDERBODY PARTS TO BE PRODUCED WITHOUT SUBSEQUENT HEAT TREATMENT (1990)

High strength and toughness forging steels that can be used in the as-forged state are finding wide application in the production of mechanical parts of automobiles, industrial machinery, etc. without subsequent heat treatment (quenching and tempering). Three new types of high strength and toughness forging steels--ferrite pearlitic steel, medium carbon bainitic steel and low carbon martensite bainitic steel--have been developed. These steels are usable as materials for important automobile parts, such as underbody parts.
Performance models of storage contention in cloud environments (2012)

We propose simple models to predict the performance degradation of disk requests due to storage device contention in consolidated virtualized environments. Model parameters can be deduced from measurements obtained inside Virtual Machines (VMs) from a system where a single VM accesses a remote storage server. The parameterized model can then be used to predict the effect of storage contention when multiple VMs are consolidated on the same server. We first propose a trace-driven approach that evaluates a queueing network with fair share scheduling using simulation. The model parameters consider Virtual Machine Monitor level disk access optimizations and rely on a calibration technique. We further present a measurement-based approach that allows a distinct characterization of read/write performance attributes. In particular, we define simple linear prediction models for I/O request mean response times, throughputs and read/write mixes, as well as a simulation model for predicting response time distributions. We found our models to be effective in predicting such quantities across a range of synthetic and emulated application workloads.
Axonal pathways linked to therapeutic and nontherapeutic outcomes during psychiatric deep brain stimulation (2011)

Our method and preliminary results provide important background for studies aiming to expand scientific characterization of neural circuitry associated with specific psychiatric outcomes from DBS. Furthermore, identification of pathways linked to therapeutic benefit provides opportunities to improve clinical selection of surgical targets and stimulation settings for DBS devices.
Application of High-Temperature Mold Materials to Die Cast Copper Motor Rotor for Improved Efficiency (2003)

The objective of the study, Application of High-Temperature Mold Materials to Die Cast Copper Motor Rotor for Improved Efficiency, was to support the Copper Development Association (CDA) in its effort to design, fabricate and demonstrate mold technologies designed to withstand the copper motor rotor die casting environment for an economically acceptable life. The anticipated result from the compiled data and tests were to: (1) identify materials suitable for die casting copper, (2) fabricate motor rotor molds and (3) supply copper rotor motors for testing in actual compressor systems. Compressor manufacturers can apply the results to assess the technical and economical viability of copper rotor motors.
Transverse flow gas lens (1989)

The concept of a transverse-flow gas lens is described. In this device, gas flows between two parallel plates that are heated or cooled so as to generate a parabolic variation of index of refraction in the region between the plates. A laser beam, propagating normal to the gas flow, can then be diverged, converged, or focused. A single module acts like a cylindrical lens. The use of two or three modules, arranged in an orthogonal manner, provides a spherical lens. Equations and tables are provided for the design of one-, two-, and three-module configurations. The advantages of the transverse-flow gas lens (relative to a device with a flow along the optic axis) are 1) thermal blooming is minimized (due to short residence time of fluid in laser beam); 2) the index of refraction profile is the same throughout each module, leading to good beam quality; and 3) the system is readily scaleable. However, a longer distance along the optical axis may be needed by the transverse-flow lens.