gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Bismuth Films by Electroless Plating. (1993)

Electroless deposition of bismuth has been achieved, probably for the first time, using stannous chloride as a reducing agent. Bismuth films were autocatalytically deposited on aluminum substrate activated with palladium at a rate of 1.84 mg cm-2 h-1. Optimum bath composition were 0.08M, 0.34M, 0.20M, 0.08M and 0.04M for bismuth trichloride, trisodium citrate, NTA, disodium EDTA and stannous chloride, respectively. Rapid film deposition was obtained at pH8.8 and 60C.
Half-State Readout In Vertical-Bloch-Line Memory (1994)

Potentially narrow margins of chirality-based chopping of magnetic stripes avoided. Half-state readout is experimental method of readout in (VBL) memory. Based on differential deflections of magnetic stripe domains in which data bits stored. To give meaning to explanation of half-state readout, see Vertical-Bloch-Line Memory (NPO-18467).
Biochemical and Structural characterization of Noonan syndrome-causing mutations affecting SHP-2’s phoshotyrosyl-binding pockets. (2007)

Missense mutations in PTPN11 cause Noonan syndrome (NS), a genetically heterogeneous developmental disorder with a pleiomorphic phenotype. PTPN11 encodes SHP-2, an SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase that relays signals from activated cell-surface receptors to RAS. NS-causing mutations promote SHP-2’s gain of function by either destabilizing its catalytically inactive conformation or increasing the affinity and/or specificity of the SH2 domains for phosphotyrosyl ligands. While the identity of substitution does not seem to be critical in some cases, suggesting a crucial role in SHP-2’s function for the residue being replaced, an invariant amino acid change is frequently observed, indicating a specific role for the introduced residue. Here, we characterized functionally and structurally two invariant NS-causing mutations, T42A and E139D, affecting residues placed in the N- and C-SH2 pockets which mediate SHP-2 binding to phosphotyrosyl-containing signaling partners. By analyzing in vitro biochemical behavior (basal and ligand-stimulated phosphatase activity, and ligand-binding properties assayed by surface plasmon resonance) of all possible substitutions arising from a single base change affecting codons 42 and 139, we show that T42A and E139D SHP-2 proteins are the only mutants exhibiting a significant increase in ligand-induced phosphatase activity and enhanced phophopeptide binding affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on selected mutants provide structural insights of the effects generated by individual mutations on protein function. In conclusion, this study provides functional explanation for the invariant occurrence of the T42A and E139D mutaions in NS as well as the molecular mechanism of their pathogenicity.
True 3D volumetric patterning of photostructurable glass using UV laser irradiation and variable exposure processing: fabrication of meso-scale devices (2003)

Meso-scale devices that contain micro-scale features have been fabricated in a photosensitive glass ceramic material using a novel combination of direct-write pulsed UV laser irradiation and variable exposure processing. This merged nonthermal, direct-write laser processing technique involves the precise variation of the laser irradiance during material patterning. The controlled variation of the laser exposure dose is used to selectively alter the chemical etch rate of the processed regions in the glass ceramic. Consequently, variegated and proximal high and low aspect ratio structures can be fabricated on a common substrate. The microstructures can be created in a single, simultaneous chemical batch etch without the need for a complex masking sequence or ablation. For example, adjacent microstructures with aspect ratios of 2:1 and 20:1 have been laser patterned via variable exposure processing and concurrently fabricated on a shared glass wafer following a single chemical etch step. Our current variable exposure technique enables the conversion of CAD patterns and corresponding laser irradiance information into realized microfabricated structures in glass or ceramic form that retain feature sizes within 10% of the desired dimensions. We have applied this technique to fabricate various structures that may be useful in far-infrared (IR) or terahertz (THz) devices that require high aspect ratio features.
Enzyme recycling in lignocellulosic biorefineries (2016)

Abstract Commercial production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is becoming a reality, but the next step is to diversify the process and produce chemicals and materials. These lignocellulosic biorefineries will in many cases rely on hydrolysis of biomass carbohydrates into monosaccharides – the sugar platform. Cellulases are the most important enzymes required in this process, but the complex nature of lignocellulose requires several other enzymes (hemicellulases and auxiliary enzymes) for efficient hydrolysis. Enzyme recycling increases the catalytic productivity of the enzymes by reusing them for several batches of hydrolysis, and thereby reduces the overall cost associated with the hydrolysis. Research on this subject has been ongoing for many years and several promising technologies and methods have been developed and demonstrated. But only in a very few cases have these technologies been upscaled and tested in industrial settings, mainly because of many difficulties with recycling of enzymes from the complex lignocellulose hydrolyzate at industrially relevant conditions, i.e., high solids loadings. The challenges are associated with the large number of different enzymes required for efficient hydrolysis, enzyme stability, and the detrimental interaction between enzyme and lignin. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various methods for enzyme recovery and recycling, for example recycling of free enzymes, readsorption to fresh material, recycling of solids, membrane filtration, and immobilization. Lignin is a major obstacle for successful hydrolysis and enzyme recycling. A thorough understanding of this subject and possibilities to minimize adsorption or methods to desorb the enzymes are important in order to develop the technology. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Exploring solitions in optical fibers with the soliton laser (1987)

Solitons and related effects in optical fibers are already important in the generation of ultrashort pulses, and they are increasingly recognized to have considerable potential for teteeommunications. I describe the most recent experimental studies of solitons in fibers, in particular, the observatioo of interaction forces between copropagating solitons, discovery of the soliton self-frequency shift, and exploration of the limits to ultrashort pulse generation. In all these studies, the soliton laser has played a central role as a unique pulse source of the required properties.
<i>Nocardia</i> sp. Carboxylic Acid Reductase: Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a New Aldehyde Oxidoreductase Family (2004)

We have cloned, sequenced, and expressed the gene for a unique ATP- and NADPH-dependent carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) from a Nocardia species that reduces carboxylic acids to their corresponding aldehydes. Recombinant CAR containing an N-terminal histidine affinity tag had K(m) values for benzoate, ATP, and NADPH that were similar to those for natural CAR, and recombinant CAR reduced benzoic, vanillic, and ferulic acids to their corresponding aldehydes. car is the first example of a new gene family encoding oxidoreductases with remote acyl adenylation and reductase sites.
Reversible variable length codes for robust image and video transmission (2002)

The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) adopted reversible variable length codes (RVLCs) for use in the emerging H.263+ video compression standard. As the name suggests, these codes can be decoded in two directions and can therefore be used by a decoder to enhance robustness in the presence of transmission bit errors. In addition, these RVLCs involve essentially no efficiency loss relative to the corresponding non-reversible variable length codes. We present here the ideas behind two general classes of RVLCs that include the new H.263+ codes as a special case, and present results on the probability of error detection when these codes are used.
A New Technique for Doppler Frequency Analysis of Radar Signals (1980)

A longstanding performance goal for Army ground surveillance radars is the automatic classification of moving ground targets on the battlefield. Limited classification has been achieved by splitting the radar doppler spectrum into lower and higher frequency bands, thus distinguishing between targets having different radial velocities. While this is an important feature, since only certain targets (vehicles) are capable of obtaining high radial speeds, it does not provide a distinction between a moving man and vehicles having low radial speed components. That there are distinct differences in the doppler signatures between man and vehicle is easily established by listening to typical doppler return signals. One can clearly distinguish the step modulation of a walking man from the relatively constant or slowly changing tone of a vehicle. As to be expected, a spectrogram of a walking man shows this repetitive behavior. Most obvious is a sinewave like frequency modulation at the step frequency of the main body return power appearing as a black band near 100 Hertz. This oscillatory temporal characteristic in the doppler shifted frequency is practically never seen in vehicular return and is the discriminant chosen for automatic classification.
Bimodal listeners are sensitive to interaural time differences in multichannel stimuli (2009)

Sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) is important for localization of sound sources and is related to binaural unmasking of speech in noise. We measured sensitivity to ITD of users of a cochlear implant (CI) and a contralateral hearing aid (HA) to speech-like, ecologically relevant stimuli. Recently, it was shown that users of a cochlear implant (CI) and a contralateral hearing aid (HA) are sensitive to ITDs in simple stimuli that consist of a low-rate pulse train (100pps), presented on a single electrode, together with an acoustically presented filtered click train with F0=100Hz [1]. We investigated ITD sensitivity of bimodal listeners to different stimulus types that are more ecologically relevant. One stimulus consisted in one ear of an acoustic sinusoid of various frequencies that was modulated with a half wave rectified low-frequency sinusoid, and in the other ear of a high-rate electric pulse train (900pps) that was modulated with the same half wave rectified low-frequency sinusoid. JNDs in ITD were comparable to those measured with the 100pps pulse train. Another stimulus consisted in one ear of an acoustically presented filtered click train and in the other ear of the same filtered click train processed by a CIS-like algorithm into a multichannel electric signal. Care was taken to maintain the correct temporal relationships between the signals presented to different electrodes. The original filtered click train and the electric signal were presented simultaneously. JNDs in ITD were again comparable to those measured with the 100pps pulse train. Results of several bimodal listeners using the Nucleus CI will be presented and the influence of various stimulus parameters on ITD perception performance will be discussed.
Distributed dynamic BDD reordering (2006)

Dynamic BDD reordering is usually a computationally-demanding process, and may slow down BDD-based applications. We propose a novel algorithm for distributing this process over a number of computers, improving both reordering time and application time. Our algorithm is based on Rudell's popular sifting algorithm, and takes advantage of a few empirical observations we make regarding Rudell's algorithm. Experimental results show the efficiency and scalability of our approach, when applied within an industrial model checker.
Carbon Nanotube Aerogels (2007)

The creation of carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogels from aqueous-gel precursors by critical-point-drying and freeze-drying is reported. The CNT aerogels are strong and electrically conducting—a potential improvement over current technologies for applications such as sensors, electrodes, and thermoelectric devices. The aerogels can be reinforced by small amounts of poly vinyl alcohol (in the figure the aerogel is supporting 8000 times its own weight).
The stratixπ routing and logic architecture (2003)

This paper describes the Altera Stratix logic and routing architecture. The primary goals of the architecture were to achieve high performance and logic density. We give an overview of the entire device, and then focus on the logic and routing architecture. The Stratix logic architecture is based on a cluster of ten 4-input LUTs and its routing consists of staggered routing lines. We describe the development of the routing architecture, including its directional bias, its direct-drive routing which reduces both area and delay. The logic array block and logic cell design is also described, and new routing structures with in the logic array block, and logic element features are described.
Biometric Template Protection Through Adversarial Learning (2019)

An ideal biometric template security method must secure the templates without compromising on matching performance. Many biometric template protection methods have been reported in recent years, but most of them have a tradeoff between matching performance and template security. Some of these approaches also require re-enrollment in case the biometric templates are compromised. In this work, we propose a method for face template protection which improves the matching performance while providing high template security and also addresses the re-enrollment problem. Our approach relies on computing identity or class specific perturbations to the input facial feature vectors as a function of gradients of mapping network as in targeted adversarial learning. Further a cryptographic one-way hash function is applied on the target specific class labels and the hashes are stored as templates in database during enrollment. During verification, given an input face image of a user, the extracted facial features from Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) along with the pre-computed perturbations are used to predict the template and matched against the corresponding template of the user stored during enrollment. If any of the templates is compromised, it is revoked and a new set of perturbations for the corresponding user is computed with respect to the new target specific class label assigned to the user. The efficacy of the approach is evaluated on three face datasets, namely, CMU-PIE, FEI and Color-FERET. The proposed method achieves ~98% Genuine Accept Rate (GAR) at zero False Accept Rate (FAR). This approach outperforms the state of the art by ~7% in terms of matching performance, while solving the re-enrollment problem without compromising on the template security largely due to the way the perturbations are computed.
Novel nonphenol oxidative coupling (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel nonphenol oxidative couplingS. Morris. Kupchan, Andris J. Liepa, V. Kameswaran, and Robert F. BryanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 20, 6861–6863Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00801a071RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views392Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (361 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Deploying Mesh Nodes under Non-Uniform Propagation (2010)

Wireless mesh networks are popular as a cost- effective means to provide broadband connectivity to large user populations. A mesh network placement provides coverage, such that each target client location has a link to a deployed mesh node, and connectivity, such that each mesh node wirelessly connects directly to a gateway or via intermediate mesh nodes. Prior work on placement assumes wireless propagation to be uniform in all directions, i.e., an unrealistic assumption of circular communication regions. In this paper, we present approximation algorithms to solve the NP- hard mesh node placement problem for non-uniform propagation settings. The first key challenge is incorporating non-uniform propagation, which we address by formulating the problem input as a connectivity graph consisting of discrete target coverage locations and potential mesh node locations. This graph incorporates non-uniform propagation by specifying the estimated signal quality per link. Secondly, our algorithms are the first to minimize the number of deployed mesh nodes with constant-factor approximation ratio in the non-uniform propagation setting. To achieve this, we formulate the Degree-Constrained Terminal Steiner tree problem and present approximation algorithms which leverage prior results on the Steiner tree problem. Third, it is impractical to measure all possible potential mesh links, and therefore deployment planning must rely on estimations. To address this challenge, we extend our algorithm to iteratively measure the links in the solution Steiner tree, refining the graph input on a per-link basis in order to ensure the deployed network is not disconnected. Finally, we use propagation measurements at 35,000 locations in the deployed GoogleWiFi network to investigate placement in a realistic, non-uniform propagation environment. Under this measured propagation setting, our algorithms result in up to 80% fewer mesh nodes than current algorithms and only require an average of 3 measurements per deployed mesh node to ensure backhaul connectivity.
Effects of cladribine tablets on heart rate, atrio‐ventricular conduction and cardiac repolarization in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (2019)

Cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg (approved dose in Europe/other regions) did not confer clinically meaningful effects on heart rate, AV conduction and ventricular repolarization.
Wave Equation Migration with Attenuation Compensation (2011)

We introduce a new viscoacoustic Wave Equation Migration (WEM) for media with attenuation. Our solution is based on a Fourier Finite-Difference (FFD) scheme for migration by wavefield continuation. Similarly to the acoustic solution, the viscoacoustic migration consists of three terms: a phase-shift extrapolation, a thin-lens correction, and a finite-differences operation. The dispersion relation, in presence of attenuation, includes both real and imaginary terms. While the real part controls the kinematics of the image, the imaginary part recovers the high vertical wave numbers in the seismic image; therefore improving resolution and amplitude balance. The viscoacoustic migration is also extended to account for anisotropy (VTI and TTI). The anisotropic effects are incorporated in the migration by using odd and even rational function terms in the finite differences solution. The implementation is stable, efficient, and very flexible. In absence of attenuation or anisotropy, the solution reduces to the familiar isotropic acoustic case. Results from synthetic example and a dual sensor field survey from the North Sea demonstrate the importance of incorporating the attenuation effects in the migration algorithm.
Automated optimization of large quantum circuits with continuous parameters (2018)

Abstract We develop and implement automated methods for optimizing quantum circuits of the size and type expected in quantum computations that outperform classical computers. We show how to handle continuous gate parameters and report a collection of fast algorithms capable of optimizing large-scale quantum circuits. For the suite of benchmarks considered, we obtain substantial reductions in gate counts. In particular, we provide better optimization in significantly less time than previous approaches, while making minimal structural changes so as to preserve the basic layout of the underlying quantum algorithms. Our results help bridge the gap between the computations that can be run on existing hardware and those that are expected to outperform classical computers.
Effects of NHC-Backbone Substitution on Efficiency in Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis (2009)

A series of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with varying degrees of backbone and N-aryl substitution have been prepared. These complexes show greater resistance to decomposition through C-H activation of the N-aryl group, resulting in increased catalyst lifetimes. This work has utilized robotic technology to examine the activity and stability of each catalyst in metathesis, providing insights into the relationship between ligand architecture and enhanced efficiency. The development of this robotic methodology has also shown that, under optimized conditions, catalyst loadings as low as 25 ppm can lead to 100% conversion in the ring-closing metathesis of diethyl diallylmalonate.
Sustainable Transportation Fuels from Coal, Natural Gas (≥ 90% C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+ 2</sub> gases) and Biomass (2013)

This research program is focused primarily on the conversion of coal, natural gas (i.e., methane), and biomass to liquid fuels by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), with minimum production of carbon dioxide. A complementary topic also under investigation is the development of novel processes for the production of hydrogen with very low to zero production of CO{sub 2}. This is in response to the nation's urgent need for a secure and environmentally friendly domestic source of liquid fuels. The carbon neutrality of biomass is beneficial in meeting this goal. Several additional novel approaches to limiting carbon dioxide emissions are also being explored.