gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compositional dependence of grain size in silver copper alloys prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering (1992)

Cosputtering provides a simple, direct method of preparing alloy films across the entire compositional range, as an alternative to sputtering from diphasic targets of single compositions. Metal thin films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering in an argon plasma at a pressure of 2.5 mTorr and ambient temperatures. Alloy films of Ag–Cu were deposited by simultaneous sputtering of the two elemental targets, as well as metal films of Ag and Cu by sputtering from the appropriate pure target. The low sputtering pressure utilized in this study insured the preparation of dense, smooth, highly reflective films, indicative of energetic ion bombardment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the alloy phases present and estimate their crystallite size. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to observe the microstructure and estimate grain size. Electrical resistivity measurements were carried out at room temperature on 1500 Å thick, pure and alloy metal films to complement XRD and TEM results. A dramatic reduction in grain size from that of pure metal was detected when the second element was simultaneously sputtered. Electrical resistivity of the alloys increased from that of the pure films. A region of greatest resistivity was noted and found to correspond to the smallest grain size, which occurred between 40 and 70 at. % Cu.
Two-wavelength single-shot interferometry (2007)

A new surface profiling technique is proposed, which enables us to measure a surface profile without a rounding effect and with extended phase measurement range. It is accomplished by a newly developed two-wavelength imaging system and the local model fitting (LMF) algorithm for carrier pattern analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can measure steep steps fast and accurately with an extended measurement range, while the robustness against vibration of the conventional single-shot methods is maintained.
Using Structure Holes for Determining Key Factors: An Illustration of Reporting Eradication of Amoebiasis (2017)

Background: Many researches aim to determine key factors affecting their concerns of interest using traditional statistical techniques, such as logistical or linear regressions. Social network analysis (SNA) is a newly novel way determining key roles through the use of network and graph theories recently. An example of commonly visualized through SNA is the disease transmission path of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Purpose: To determine key roles using structure holes of SNA for further improvement, and to show the SNA advantage over traditional classic test theory. Methods: Data were records regarding 443 adult mentally retarded residents who were infected with amoebiasis and distributed in 10 houses in past 10 years. A series of intensive mass screenings and treatment interventions were conducted. Structure holes were applied to verify the efficacy of determining key roles and strong associations for the domains of interest in a network and compared with the result obtained from the traditional Chi-square statistics. Results: The classification of key roles in a network (e.g., with which year the residency room with amoebiasis cases has strongly association) can be effectively discriminated through the structure holes of SNA. Though the result is similar to the traditional Chi-square statistics, the structure holes can release much more useful and valuable information for further investigation. Conclusions: Because of advances in computer technology, the number of healthcare studies for the group classification and association assertion continues to increase and benefit comparisons of data if structure holes of SNA are applied.
UnrealCV: Connecting Computer Vision to Unreal Engine (2016)

Computer graphics can not only generate synthetic images and ground truth but it also offers the possibility of constructing virtual worlds in which: (i) an agent can perceive, navigate, and take actions guided by AI algorithms, (ii) properties of the worlds can be modified (e.g., material and reflectance), (iii) physical simulations can be performed, and (iv) algorithms can be learnt and evaluated. But creating realistic virtual worlds is not easy. The game industry, however, has spent a lot of effort creating 3D worlds, which a player can interact with. So researchers can build on these resources to create virtual worlds, provided we can access and modify the internal data structures of the games. To enable this we created an open-source plugin UnrealCV (http://unrealcv.github.io) for a popular game engine Unreal Engine 4 (UE4). We show two applications: (i) a proof of concept image dataset, and (ii) linking Caffe with the virtual world to test deep network algorithms.
Suppression of Survivin Expression by Short Hairpin RNA Induces Apoptosis in Human Laryngeal Carcinoma Cells (2008)

This study demonstrates that survivin shRNA effectively inhibits survivin gene expression in Hep-2 cells leading to growth suppression and apoptotic induction in Hep-2 cells.
Application of High-efficiency Clarifier in Reclaimed Water Treatment at Coal Chemical Enterprises (2013)

Shenhua Baotou coal-to-olefin water reuse project adopts Siemens Contrafast high-efficiency clarifier for pretreatment of coal-to-olefin reuse water.The effluent quality meets the design standard,and effluent of 33 600 m3/d is completely recycled as supplement water.Compared with conventional coagulation sedimentation tank,the high-efficiency clarifier has advantages of good effluent quality,high resistance to shock loading,drainage with high sludge concentration and high settling efficiency.Major equipment of high-efficiency clarifier includes mixing tank and reaction tank for coagulant and raw water mixing and reaction,and sedimentation tank for separation of water and flocs.
Structural Identification of 2′- and 3′-O-Acetyl-ADP-ribose as Novel Metabolites Derived from the Sir2 Family of β-NAD+-dependent Histone/Protein Deacetylases (2002)

The Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) family of histone/protein deacetylases has been implicated in a wide range of biological activities, including gene silencing, life-span extension, and chromosomal stability. Their dependence on beta-NAD(+) for activity is unique among the known classes of histone/protein deacetylase. Sir2 enzymes have been shown to couple substrate deacetylation and beta-NAD(+) cleavage to the formation of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, a newly described metabolite. To gain a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism and of the biological implications of producing this molecule, we have performed a detailed enzymatic and structural characterization of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Through the use of mass spectrometry, rapid quenching techniques, and NMR structural analyses, 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose and 3'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose were found to be the solution products produced by the Sir2 family of enzymes. Rapid quenching approaches under single-turnover conditions identified 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose as the enzymatic product, whereas 3'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose was formed by intramolecular transesterification after enzymatic release into bulk solvent, where 2'- and 3'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose exist in equilibrium (48:52). In addition to (1)H and (13)C chemical shift assignments for each regioisomer, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy was used to assign unambiguously the position of the acetyl group. These findings are highly significant, because they differ from the previous conclusion, which suggested that 1'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose was the solution product of the reaction. Possible mechanisms for the generation of 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose are discussed.
Converting a broad matrix metalloproteinase family inhibitor into a specific inhibitor of <scp>MMP</scp> ‐9 and <scp>MMP</scp> ‐14 (2018)

MMP-14 and MMP-9 are two well-established cancer targets for which no specific clinically relevant inhibitor is available. Using a powerful combination of computational design and yeast surface display technology, we engineered such an inhibitor starting from a nonspecific MMP inhibitor, N-TIMP2. The engineered purified N-TIMP2 variants showed enhanced specificity toward MMP-14 and MMP-9 relative to a panel of off-target MMPs. MMP-specific N-TIMP2 sequence signatures were obtained that could be understood from the structural perspective of MMP/N-TIMP2 interactions. Our MMP-9 inhibitor exhibited 1000-fold preference for MMP-9 vs. MMP-14, which is likely to translate into significant differences under physiological conditions. Our results provide new insights regarding evolution of promiscuous proteins and optimization strategies for design of inhibitors with single-target specificities.
Aminated Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s for Constructing Efficient Gene Carriers (2013)

Aminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) vectors could efficiently mediate gene delivery. Recently, we reported that ethanolamine (EA)-functionalized PGMA could provide high transfection efficiency, while exhibiting very low toxicity. Herein, different amine species, including 1-amino-2-propanol (AP1), 3-amino-2-propanol (AP2), EA, and N,N,-dimethylethylenediamine (DED), and its quaternized DED, were proposed to aminate PGMA. The DNA condensation abilities, pH buffering capacities, cytotoxicities, and gene transfection efficiencies of the resultant aminated PGMA vectors were systematically compared. Compared with EA, AP1 (or AP2) contains an additional methyl (or methylene) group. EA-, AP1-, and AP2-functionalized PGMA vectors exhibited similar condensation abilities. The methyl (from AP1) and methylene (from AP2) species could benefit the gene delivery. The transfection performance mediated by AP1-functionalized PGMA is best. DED possesses a tertiary amine group, which could be quaternized to further enhance the DNA condensation ability of aminated PGMA. No obvious increase in cytotoxicity of quaternized DED-aminated PGMA was observed. But both DED- and its quaternized counterpart-functionalized PGMA vectors exhibited very low pH buffering capacities, making them exhibit poor gene transfection performances. The current study would provide useful information for constructing better PGMA-based delivery systems with good biophysical properties.
A study on the lifetime of flexible printed circuits under bending based on the conventional works of fatigue. (1991)

The mechanical reliability of flexible printed circuits, FPC was studied upon the basis of the conventional works on fatigue of structural materials. The lifetime of FPC, Nf was related to the maximum strain of copper Δεcu as the straight relation of Δεcu∝Nf-0.36 in the log-log diagram. It was found by experiment that the lifetime of FPC could be varied by controlling the tensile properties of adhesives and the thickness of copper foil, Kapton of the base material and adhesives. The lifetime, Nf could be improved by thinning the copper foil and adhesive and inversely by thickening Kapton of the base material. Also, there was an optimum rigidity-coefficient of the adhesive for the lifetime, Nf of FPC. During the lifetime of FPC, the fatigue process observed on copper foil could be divided into three stages as follows : the crack intiation, the crack density increase, the crack opening. The NG life of FPC, that is the electric resistance rising up to 10 % of the original value, was corresponded to stage of, the crack initation.
A miniaturized glow discharge applied for optical emission detection in aqueous analytes (2002)

DC glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy of aqueous analytes has been performed in a planar glass microstructure at close to atmospheric pressure using argon as a carrier gas. Sample introduction was achieved using a technique in which the liquid sample itself is employed as the cathode for the glow discharge. To attain sufficient transport of the sample into the discharge region to allow for emission spectroscopy, acidification of the liquid sample is required. Results demonstrate the detection of copper in solution is possible with the observation of five atomic emission lines of copper (at 325 nm, 327 nm, 511 nm, 515 nm and 522 nm). It is hoped that this detection method could be integrated with other micro-fluidic systems as part of a μ-TAS device as well as being useful as a portable, stand-alone detector. However, stability issues will need to be resolved to allow for further optimization and characterization of the device.
Marketing of Library and Information Services: A Strategic Perspective (2007)

In today's knowledge economy, library and information services are viewed as saleable products. More importantly, libraries have started treating their users as ‘customers.’ The paper analyzes the need for marketing of library and information services (LIS). It discusses the strategic planning required for LIS marketing. This conceptual paper also attempts to analyze the extended marketing mix or ‘seven Ps’ in the context of LIS marketing.
Basic Characteristics of a Multi-pole Spherical Synchronous Motor (2007)

A multi pole spherical synchronous motor is developed and tested. The developed motor has a rotor supported by a gymbal mechanism and a stator with two pairs of armature poles. 260 Small permanent magnets are attached on the rotor surface so that the North poles and the South poles appear on the concentric circles alternatively. Four armature winding units are positioned on the stator. Each armature winding unit has three windings. The pitch of the windings is 2/3 of the pitch of permanent magnets. Therefore, locally, the relation between the armature windings and the permanent magnets is almost the same as that of the conventional multi pole synchronous motor. The motor size is 265 times 265 times 266 [mm] and the diameter of the rotor is 130 [mm]. The target maximum output torque is 0.49 [Nm], The motor has two degrees of freedom and the working area is plusmn45 [deg] around x and y axis. The rotor can rotates around x and y axis and also moves in the direction combining two rotations simultaneously. The motor is driven by two pairs of three phase sinusoidal currents, each amplitude is calculated at the DSP board. The repeated positioning accuracy, the moving speed, and the output torque of the vertical position were tested. The maximum repeated positioning error was 0.00348 [deg]. The maximum moving speed was more than 90 [deg/sec], and the output torque is more than 0.59 [Nm]. Additional trajectory control results also showed small positioning errors.
Surface-Engineered Dendrimers in Gene Delivery (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSurface-Engineered Dendrimers in Gene DeliveryJiepin Yang, Qiang Zhang, Hong Chang, and Yiyun Cheng*View Author Information Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 11, 5274–5300Publication Date (Web):May 6, 2015Publication History Received9 December 2014Published online6 May 2015Published inissue 10 June 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500542tCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views7506Altmetric-Citations324LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (9 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Cells,Dendrons,Gene delivery,Genetics,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Retrogradation and Antiplasticization of Thermoplastic Starch (2012)

Petrochemical-based plastics are widely used in modern society due to their high effective mechanical and barrier properties (Farris et al., 2009; Siracusa et al., 2008). However, petrochemical-based plastics have become an environmental concern as they are not biodegradable or recyclable. Replacing the petrochemical-based polymers with biopolymers which are renewable has become an attractive idea and necessitates research on bioplastics (Debeaufort et al., 1998). Among the biopolymers, starch is considered as one of the most promising candidates for bioplastics due to its abundant availability, annually renewability, competitive price, and potential performance, including thermoplasticity (Lai & Padua, 1997; Mali et al., 2005). Native starch does not have thermoplastic properties. However, when additional plasticizers, elevated temperatures and shear are present, native starch does exhibit thermoplastic properties. Standard techniques, such as extrusion and injection moulding, used for producing petrochemical-based plastics, can be used in thermoplastic processing of starch (Guilbert et al., 1997). Some of thermoplastic starch (TPS) has been developed into commercial products, like compost bags, packaging materials (loose fillers and films), coatings, mulch films and disposable diapers (Jovanovic et al., 1997; Lai et al., 1997). TPS film and coating are being developed for the meat, poultry, seafood, fruit, vegetable, grains and candies industry sectors (Debeaufort et al., 1998). A drawback for use of starch is that TPS products age with time during storage due to starch retrogradation, which significantly changes quality, acceptability, and shelf-life of the TPS products. This review will summarize the current knowledge of TPS pertaining to its plasticization, retrogradation, and antiplasticization.
Fault detection in rolling element bearings using wavelet-based variance analysis and novelty detection (2014)

Fractal signal processing and novelty detection are used for fault detection in rolling element bearings. The former applies the concept of self-similarity based on wavelet variance, and the latter is based on machine learning and utilises artificial neural networks. The method is demonstrated using simulated and experimental vibration data. The work presented involves validation both on laboratory test rig data and industrial wind turbine data. The results show that the method can be used successfully for automated fault detection in ball bearings under real operational conditions.
Electroluminescence from films of ZnS:Mn prepared by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (1983)

Films of ZnS doped with Mn have been produced by the organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) technique and given preliminary laboratory tests in nonoptimized ac and dc coupled EL device. It is shown that OMCVD films yield interesting EL performance in both types of devices and that a composite dc film/powder device offers potential advantages over a "pure" dc powder device. Finally a brief description is given of the performance of OMCVD films in a thin-film-only device using MnO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> for current control.
IL‐15 dependent induction of IL‐18 secretion as a feedback mechanism controlling human MAIT‐cell effector functions (2015)

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are characterized by an invariant TCRVα7.2 chain recognizing microbial vitamin B metabolites presented by the MHC-Ib molecule MR1. They are mainly detectable in the CD8(+) and CD8(-) CD4(-) "double negative" T-cell compartments of mammals and exhibit both Th1- and Th17-associated features. As MAIT cells show a tissue-homing phenotype and operate at mucosal surfaces with myriads of pathogenic encounters, we wondered how IL-15, a multifaceted cytokine being part of the intestinal mucosal barrier, impacts on their functions. We demonstrate that in the absence of TCR cross-linking, human MAIT cells secrete IFN-γ, increase perforin expression and switch on granzyme B production in response to IL-15. As this mechanism was dependent on the presence of CD14(+) cells and sensitive to IL-18 blockade, we identified IL-15 induced IL-18 production by monocytes as an inflammatory, STAT5-dependent feedback mechanism predominantly activating the MAIT-cell population. IL-15 equally affects TCR-mediated MAIT-cell functions since it dramatically amplifies bacteria-induced IFN-γ secretion, granzyme production, and cytolytic activity at early time points, an effect being most pronounced under suboptimal TCR stimulation conditions. Our data reveal a new quality of IL-15 as player in an inflammatory cytokine network impacting on multiple MAIT-cell functions.
Formvar Assisted Graphene Transfer for Graphene TEM Grid (2015)

We report a formvar assisted transfer method to make graphene TEM grids having single layer graphene. Our method uses formvar instead of PMMA as the polymer support and produces clean graphene. Formvar was easily removed by dissolving in chloroform and did not leave residues after removal because of the lower the molecular weight. Our transfer method achieved the higher average coverage (about 55%) than direct transfer method (about 5%). Since mesh grids were not exposed to a metal etchant solution during our transfer process, the mesh grid material for graphene transfer was not limited. Our graphene transfer method produces high quality and single layer graphene for a graphene TEM grid. Consequently, the formvar assisted graphene transfer method solves disadvantages of polymer support method and direct transfer.
Highly ordered side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers from maleic anhydride and swallow-tailed 1-alkenes having two mesogens (2000)

Side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers (SCLCPs) were synthesized from the alternating copolymerization of maleic anhydride with swallow-tailed 1-alkenes having two mesogens. In contrast to similar polymers from 1-alkenes with one mesogen per repeating unit, these novel polymers exhibited lower isotropization temperatures and higher glass transition temperatures. The degree of order in the mesophase strongly increased: these SCLCPs exhibited a highly ordered smectic H phase. The polymers with a hexyl spacer between the malonate junction and the mesogen exhibited a uniaxially limited-correlation-length smectic E mesophase (SEu) which has, according to our knowledge, not been observed before. The highest transition temperatures and entropy changes were observed for polymers with completely interdigitated side chains.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibition limits glomerulonephritis and extends lifespan of mice with systemic lupus (2007)

These findings suggest that CDK activity may be a useful target in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. A direct immunomodulatory action of seliciclib on T cells and B cells may be one of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects.