gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Channel Switching Policy Through P-learning for Wireless Mesh Networks (2016)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) based on IEEE 802.11s have emerged as one of the prominent technologies in multi-hop communications. However, the deployment of WMNs suffers from serious interference problem which severely limits the system capacity. Using multiple radios for each mesh router over multiple channels, the interference can be reduced and improve system capacity. Nevertheless, interference cannot be completely eliminated due to the limited number of available channels. An effective approach to mitigate interference is to apply dynamic channel switching (DCS) in WMNs. Conventional DCS schemes trigger channel switching if interference is detected or exceeds a predefined threshold which might cause unnecessary channel switching and long protocol overheads. In this paper, a P-learning based dynamic switching algorithm known as learning automaton (LA)-based DCS algorithm is proposed. Initially, an optimal channel for communicating node pairs is determined through the learning process. Then, a novel switching metric is introduced in our LA-based DCS algorithm to avoid unnecessary initialization of channel switching. Hence, the proposed LA-based DCS algorithm enables each pair of communicating mesh nodes to communicate over the least loaded channels and consequently improve network performance.
CM-Extractor: an application for automating medical quality measures abstraction in a hospital setting (2006)

In the US, health care providers are required to report evidence-based quality measures to various governmental and independent regulatory agencies. Abstracting appropriate facts from a patient’s medical record provides the data for these measures. Finding and maintaining qualified staff for this vital function is a challenge to many healthcare providers. Emerging systems and technologies in large-scale clinical repositories and AI techniques for information extraction have the potential to make the process of collecting measures more consistent, accurate and efficient. This paper presents CM-Extractor, a computerized system that automates the process of quality measures abstraction using natural language processing and a rule-based approach. An evaluation of a deployed system used for hospital inpatient
Broadcasting in Time-Division Duplexing: A Random Linear Network Coding Approach (2009)

We study random linear network coding for broadcasting in time division duplexing channels. We assume a packet erasure channel with nodes that cannot transmit and receive information simultaneously. The sender transmits coded data packets back-to-back before stopping to wait for the receivers to acknowledge the number of degrees of freedom, if any, that are required to decode correctly the information. We study the mean time to complete the transmission of a block of packets to all receivers. We also present a bound on the number of stops to wait for acknowledgement in order to complete transmission with probability at least $1-ε$, for any $ε>0$. We present analysis and numerical results showing that our scheme outperforms optimal scheduling policies for broadcast, in terms of the mean completion time. We provide a simple heuristic to compute the number of coded packets to be sent before stopping that achieves close to optimal performance with the advantage of a considerable reduction in the search time.
Impact of demand response on distribution system reliability (2011)

Demand response (DR) is a market driven and sometimes semi-emergency action performed at the utility level or at the Demand Response Service Provider (aggregator) with the objective of reducing the overall demand of the system during peak load hours. If implemented successfully, DR helps postpone the capacity expansion projects related to the distribution network, and provides a collaborative framework for the liberalized energy market of the Smart Grid. Customers subscribed to the DR program are requested to reduce their demand or turn off one or more energy consuming appliances in exchange for financial incentives such as extra payments or discounted electricity rates. This would change the concept of distribution system reliability as is traditionally known. From one hand, DR could lead to a higher amount of unserved energy; on the other hand, it does not qualify as an unwanted lost load. This paper tries to provide a qualitative analysis on the impact of demand response on distribution system reliability.
Radioprotective efficacy and toxicity of a new family of aminothiol analogs (2013)

Multiple, highly radioprotective, aminothiol structures, with acceptable systemic toxicities, were identified.
100 Gbit/s Multiple-Channel Output All-Optical Demultiplexer utilizing Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror with a Multi-Color Clock Pulse (1996)

We propose an all-optical time-domain demultiplexer offering simultaneous multiple-channel output that utilizes a nonlinear optical loop mirror with a linearly chirped clock pulse. Error-free, five-output, 100 Gbit/s demultiplexing is successfully demonstrated.
An alternative carrier phase independent timing recovery methods for VSB receivers (2011)

In this paper, we propose an alternative carrier phase independent timing recovery method for VSB receivers. The Gardner algorithm may not estimate the timing offset in VSB systems when the residual carrier phase offset is contained in the signal. We use the conjugate multiplication of received signals to cancel the carrier phase offset. Then, the Gardner algorithm is employed to extract the spectral line. The proposed method generates a consistent timing error, even in the presence of the carrier phase offset.
A simulation study on basis material composition for dual energy CT imaging at high-energy level (2008)

Quantitative dual energy computed tomography (DECT) allows to obtain both density and atomic number and thus can provide information about material composition. In this paper, a DECT reconstruction method for high energy X-rays (1 ∼ 10MV) is proposed based on a basis material decomposition model. Our method is to be adapted for cargo inspection. The difference from conventional DECT methods is derived from considering pair-production effect in reconstruction. This is unnecessary for DECT in usual energy level (lower than 1MV). Therefore, an approximation of the attenuation process is made: attenuation of photoelectric effect is ignored in our reconstruction due to its tiny contribution to total attenuation of multi-MV X-ray beams. Under this assumption, we set up our mathematical models based on the framework of the basis material method for DECT. Numerical experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness of our method. Results shows that our assumption and method are reasonable and feasible to be applied to real data. Discussion of the results and possible improvements for future work are presented in the end.
Probes for the cocaine receptor. Potentially irreversible ligands for the dopamine transporter (1992)

Several potentially irreversible ligands (i.e., wash-resistant binding inhibitors) for the cocaine receptor site on the dopamine transporter, derived from (-)-cocaine or 3 beta-phenyltropan-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester (WIN 35,065-2), were prepared and shown to produce wash-resistant inhibition of [3H]-3 beta-(p-fluorophenyl)tropan-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester ([3H]WIN 35,428) binding. All the compounds prepared had the same absolute configuration as cocaine; they include analogues possessing chemically reactive groups such as the isothiocyanato and bromoacetamido as well as photoactive azido groups. The potentially irreversible ligands, as well as all the intermediates prepared in this study, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the binding of [3H]WIN 35,428 in coincubation experiments. Of the potentially irreversible ligands, 3 beta-(p-chlorophenyl)tropan-2 beta-carboxylic acid 2-[p-(bromoacetamido)phenyl]ethyl ester (6c) had the highest apparent potency. The potentially irreversible ligands were also preincubated, and inhibition of [3H]WIN 35,428 binding was determined both before and after washing the ligand-exposed tissues. The most effective ligands in this regard were 3 beta-(3-iodo-4-azidophenyl)tropan-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5) and 3 beta-(p-chlorophenyl)tropan-2 beta-carboxylic acid 2-(3-iodo-4-azidophenyl)ethyl ester (6d). The structure-activity relationships of these data are discussed.
One-Dimensional Molecular Representations and Similarity Calculations:  Methodology and Validation (2001)

Drug discovery research is increasingly dedicated to biological screening on a massive scale, which seems to imply a basic rejection of many computer-assisted techniques originally designed to add rationality to the early stages of discovery. While ever-faster and more clever 3D methodologies continue to be developed and rejected as alternatives to indiscriminant screening, simpler tools based on 2D structure have carved a stable niche in the high-throughput paradigm of drug discovery. Their staying power is due in no small part to simplicity, ease of use, and demonstrated ability to explain structure-activity data. This observation led us to wonder whether an even simpler view of structure might offer an advantage over existing 2D and 3D methods. Accordingly, we introduce 1D representations of chemical structure, which are generated by collapsing a 3D molecular model or a 2D chemical graph onto a single coordinate of atomic positions. Atoms along this coordinate are differentiated according to elemental type, hybridization, and connectivity. By aligning 1D representations to match up identical atom types, a measure of overall structural similarity is afforded. In extensive structure-activity validation tests, 1D similarities consistently outperform both Daylight 2D fingerprints and Cerius(2) pharmacophore fingerprints, suggesting that this new, simple means of representing and comparing structures may offer a significant advantage over existing tried-and-true methods.
<title>Computer vision system for the detection and characterization of masses for use in mammographic screening programs</title> (1991)

The incidence of breast cancer in women continues to increase1 . Studies have shown that early detection of breast cancer through periodic mammographic screening of asymptomatic women could reduce breast cancer mortality by 3050. However screening yields a high volume of mammograms requiring interpretation. In addition accurate characterization of detected masses is an important task of radiologists in order to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. Although some general rules have been suggested for the differentiation of malignant and benign masses34 considerable misclassification of masses still occurs. In fact on average only 20-30 of masses referred for surgical breast biopsy are actually malignant''5. As a potential aid to radiologists in mammographic screening programs we are developing a computer-vision system for the detection and characterization of masses in digital mammograms6''7. This system includes a detection subsystem and a characterization subsystem. Motivated by the systematic methods of viewing mammograms used by radiologists the detection system is designed to analyze the deviation from the architectural symmetry of normal right and left breasts and employs gray-level histogram analysis a bilateral-subtraction technique and run-length linking of multiple subtraction images to locate potential masses. False-positive detections are further reduced by various feature-extraction techniques. The characterization system employs various image analysis techniques such as the measurement of margin spiculation of masses in order to estimate the likelihood of malignancy.
A novel explanation for fluctuations of ion current through narrow pores (1997)

Fluctuation of ion current, between a high conductance and a low conductance state, through biological ion channels and pores is assumed to arise from conformational changes between an "open" and a "closed" configuration. Here we offer an additional mechanism that arises from changes in ionization of fixed charges within, or at the mouth of, a channel or pore. Our hypothesis, which is based on measurements of ion selectivity alongside ion current, applies to pores through some synthetic membranes and through channels-such as those created by certain toxins-that remain (at least partially) open in the low conductance state. It may also explain the phenomena of "open channel noise" and "substate behavior" that characterize several endogenous ion channels and should be considered when modeling the behavior of such channels.
Molecular Assay for Screening and Quantifying DNA in Biological Evidence: The Modified Q‐TAT Assay* (2010)

Abstract: A method is described for the quantitation of total human and male DNA. Q‐TAT utilizes end‐point, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the amelogenin and SRY loci to quantify DNA and incorporates a cloned nonhuman template to detect PCR inhibition. Standard curves of fluorescence from amelogenin or SRY amplicons were generated from amplification of known amounts of NIST traceable SRM‐female or SRM‐male DNA. Curves showed good linearity up to 500 pg of SRM‐template ( R 2 > 0.99) and reliably estimated total and male DNA content in casework samples. The nonhuman pRL null template included in each PCR was a sensitive indicator of known PCR inhibitors including EDTA, hemin, blue denim dye, and humic acid. Finally, the SRY amplicon was a sensitive indicator of male DNA and, in mixtures, could reliably estimate male DNA present in an excess of female DNA. The Q‐TAT multiplex is a reliable quantitation method for forensic DNA typing.
Applications of clustering model to bimodal distributions for dielectric breakdown (2017)

In this work, the authors report the extensive time-to-breakdown (TBD) data collected from back end of line/middle of the line and metal insulator metal capacitor dielectrics that exhibit not only non-Poisson area scaling but also multiple modal (or bimodal) breakdown characteristics. They develop a new bimodal modeling approach of the distributed competition process in conjunction with the time-dependent clustering model to extract the breakdown parameters and the characteristic breakdown time and slope (t63 and β) from this seemingly intractable breakdown data. While the number of parameters increases as a result of an increase in data complexity, these extracted parameters are consistent with Poisson area-scaling of fundamental weakest-link characteristics, and can thus be used for reliability projection. As a result, our modeling approach involving clustering model provides an important solution for technology qualification and dielectric-integrity assessment.
Generating Playful Palettes from Images (2019)

Playful Palettes are a recent innovation in how artists can mix, explore, and choose colors in a user interface that combines the benefits of a traditional media painter's palette with non-destructive capabilities of digital tools. We present a technique to generate a Playful Palette that best represents the colors found in an input image, allowing the artist to select colors from the image's gamut, while maintaining full editability of the palette. We show that our approach outperforms recent work in terms of how accurately the image gamut is reproduced, and we present an approximation algorithm that is an order of magnitude faster with an acceptable loss in quality.
Multiple description vector quantization with a coarse lattice (2002)

A multiple description (MD) lattice vector quantization technique for two descriptions was previously introduced in which fine and coarse codebooks are both lattices. The encoding begins with quantization to the nearest point in the fine lattice. This encoding is an inherent optimization for the decoder that receives both descriptions; performance can be improved with little increase in complexity by considering all decoders in the initial encoding step. The altered encoding relies only on the symmetries of the coarse lattice. This allows us to further improve performance without a significant increase in complexity by replacing the fine lattice codebook with a nonlattice codebook that respects many of the symmetries of the coarse lattice. Examples constructed with the two-dimensional (2-D) hexagonal lattice demonstrate large improvement over time sharing between previously known quantizers.
A DC-powered Josephson flip-flop (1979)

A novel dc-powered flip-flop logic and/or memory element utilizing two Josephson tunneling gates has been designed and tested. Circuit resistances R, critical currents I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , and fanout inductances L are chosen so that the gates operate individually in the latching current-steering mode. However, the gates G1 and G2 are interconnected in such a way that if, say, G1 is at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V\neq0</tex> and G2 is at V=0, a switching of G2 to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V\neq0</tex> returns G1 to the V=0 state. The fanout current redistribution, which accompanies this switching event, occurs with a time constant of about L/R. Switching back to the initial state is a symmetric process. Tolerances on circuit parameter values for proper operation are reasonably wide.
Anilide Derivatives of an 8-Phenylxanthine Carboxylic Congener Are Highly Potent and Selective Antagonists at Human A<sub>2B</sub> Adenosine Receptors (2000)

No highly selective antagonists of the A(2B) adenosine receptor (AR) have been reported; however such antagonists have therapeutic potential as antiasthmatic agents. Here we report the synthesis of potent and selective A(2B) receptor antagonists. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 8-phenyl-1, 3-di-(n-propyl)xanthine derivatives in binding to recombinant human A(2B) ARs in HEK-293 cells (HEK-A(2B)) and at other AR subtypes were explored. Various amide derivatives of 8-[4-[[carboxymethyl]oxy]phenyl]-1,3-di-(n-propyl)xanthine, 4a, were synthesized. A comparison of aryl, alkyl, and aralkyl amides demonstrated that simple anilides, particularly those substituted in the para-position with electron-withdrawing groups, such as nitro, cyano, and acetyl, bind selectively to human A(2B) receptors in the range of 1-3 nM. The unsubstituted anilide 12 had a K(i) value at A(2B) receptors of 1.48 nM but was only moderately selective versus human A(1)/A(2A) receptors and nonselective versus rat A(1) receptors. Highly potent and selective A(2B) antagonists were a p-aminoacetophenone derivative 20 (K(i) value 1.39 nM) and ap-cyanoanilide 27 (K(i) value 1.97 nM). Compound 27 was 400-, 245-, and 123-fold selective for human A(2B) receptors versus human A(1)/A(2A)/A(3) receptors, respectively, and 8.5- and 310-fold selective versus rat A(1)/A(2A) receptors, respectively. Substitution of the 1,3-dipropyl groups with 1,3-diethyl offered no disadvantage for selectivity, and high affinities at A(2B) receptors were maintained. Substitution of the p-carboxymethyloxy group of 4a and its amides with acrylic acid decreased affinity at A(2B) receptors while increasing affinity at A(1) receptors. 1, 3-Di(cyclohexylmethyl) groups greatly reduced affinity at ARs, although the p-carboxymethyloxy derivative 9 was moderately selective for A(2B) receptors. Several selective A(2B) antagonists inhibited NECA-stimulated calcium mobilization in HEK-A(2B) cells.
MicroRNAs associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by ischemic pre- and postconditioning: protectomiRs (2014)

We aimed to characterize early changes in microRNA expression in acute cardioprotection by ischemic pre- and postconditioning in rat hearts. Hearts isolated from male Wistar rats were subjected to 1) time-matched nonischemic perfusion, 2) ischemia-reperfusion (30 min of coronary occlusion and 120 min of reperfusion), 3) preconditioning (3 × 5 min of coronary occlusion) followed by ischemia-reperfusion, or 4) ischemia-reperfusion with postconditioning (6 × 10 s of global ischemia-reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion). Infarct size was significantly reduced by both interventions. Of 350 different microRNAs assessed by microarray analysis, 147-160 microRNAs showed detectable expression levels. Compared with microRNA alterations induced by ischemia-reperfusion versus time-matched nonischemic controls, five microRNAs were significantly affected by both pre- and postconditioning (microRNA-125b*, microRNA-139-3p, microRNA-320, microRNA-532-3p, and microRNA-188), four microRNAs were significantly affected by preconditioning (microRNA-487b, microRNA-139-5p, microRNA-192, and microRNA-212), and nine microRNAs were significantly affected by postconditioning (microRNA-1, microRNA let-7i, microRNA let-7e, microRNA let-7b, microRNA-181a, microRNA-208, microRNA-328, microRNA-335, and microRNA-503). Expression of randomly selected microRNAs was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. By a systematic comparison of the direction of microRNA expression changes in all groups, we identified microRNAs, specific mimics, or antagomiRs that may have pre- and postconditioning-like cardioprotective effects (protectomiRs). Transfection of selected protectomiRs (mimics of microRNA-139-5p, microRNA-125b*, microRNA let-7b, and inhibitor of microRNA-487b) into cardiac myocytes subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion showed a significant cytoprotective effect. This is the first demonstration that the ischemia-reperfusion-induced microRNA expression profile is significantly influenced by both pre- and postconditioning, which shows the involvement of microRNAs in cardioprotective signaling. Moreover, by analysis of microRNA expression patterns in cardioprotection by pre- and postconditioning, specific protectomiRs can be revealed as potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Ascaroside Expression in Caenorhabditis elegans Is Strongly Dependent on Diet and Developmental Stage (2011)

Ascaroside expression changes with development and environmental conditions. This is consistent with multiple functions of these signaling molecules. Knowledge of such differential regulation will make it possible to associate ascaroside production to gene expression profiles (transcript, protein or enzyme activity) and help to determine genetic pathways that control ascaroside biosynthesis. In conjunction with findings from previous studies, our results show that the pheromone system of C. elegans mimics that of insects in many ways, suggesting that pheromone signaling in C. elegans may exhibit functional homology also at the sensory level. In addition, our results provide a strong foundation for future behavioral modeling studies.
On Multiple-Input Multiple-Output OFDM with Index Modulation for Next Generation Wireless Networks (2016)

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (MIMO-OFDM-IM) is a novel multicarrier transmission technique which has been proposed recently as an alternative to classical MIMO-OFDM. In this scheme, OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) concept is combined with MIMO transmission to take advantage of the benefits of these two techniques. In this paper, we shed light on the implementation and error performance analysis of the MIMO-OFDM-IM scheme for next generation 5G wireless networks. Maximum likelihood (ML), near-ML, simple minimum mean square error (MMSE) and ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) based MMSE detectors of MIMO-OFDM-IM are proposed, and their theoretical performance is investigated. It has been shown via extensive computer simulations that MIMO-OFDM-IM scheme provides an interesting tradeoff between error performance and spectral efficiency as well as it achieves considerably better error performance than classical MIMO-OFDM using different type detectors and under realistic conditions.