gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclearity and cooperativity effects in binuclear catalysts and cocatalysts for olefin polymerization (2006)

A series of bimetallic organo-group 4 "constrained geometry" catalysts and binuclear bisborane and bisborate cocatalysts have been synthesized to probe catalyst center-catalyst center cooperativity effects on olefin enchainment in homogenous olefin polymerization and copolymerization processes. Significant nuclearity effects are found versus mononuclear controls, and the effect can be correlated with metal-metal approach distances and ion pairing effects. Novel polymer structures can be obtained by using such binuclear catalyst/cocatalyst systems.
The Serum Protein and Lipid Oxidation Marker Levels in Alzheimers Disease and Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Antipsychotic Drugs Therapy (2010)

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum oxidation marker levels in patients with AD. Both untreated patients (n: 15) and patients who received treatment (n: 62) had higher Malondialdehyde (p<0.01 and p<0.001), Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL; p<0.0001 and p<0.0001), F(2)-isoprostane (p<0.0001 and p<0.001), and Nitric oxide (NOx; p<0.0001 and p<0.0001) levels compared with those of age-matched controls (n: 15). Protein Carbonyl and Asymmetrical Dimethyl-L-Arginine levels in Alzheimer patients were not found to be different from the controls. Short-term cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEIs) therapy (7, 5 +/-1, 5 months, n: 12) resulted in a reduction in ox-LDL and NOx levels (p<0.05 and p<0.01) from baseline. Long-term ChEI- therapy group (50, 4+/- 30, 5 months, n: 33) has higher ox-LDL, NOx and F(2)-isoprostane levels than short-term treated group (p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). Ox-LDL levels were also found to be lower in ChEI patients who were given antipsychotic treatment (n: 15) than in the group who were ChEIs-alone treatment group (p<0.0001). MMSE scores showed negative correlation with both NOx (p<0.05) and ox-LDL (p<0.05) levels. There was positive correlation between NOx and both MDA (p<0.05) and ox-LDL (p<0.05), and between F(2)-isoprostane and 3-NT (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that serum NOx-induced lipid oxidation levels were increased in AD and use of antipsychotic drugs may cause lower ox-LDL levels in patients having combination therapy with ChEi's. However, it is required further studies for the determination of clinical importance of these markers.
Assessment of ligand effects in intracellular trafficking of ricin A chain using anti-ricin hybridomas. (1991)

Intracellular ricin and immunotoxin trafficking has been difficult to study as only one to two cytosolic ricin A chain (RTA) molecules are sufficient to cause cell death. Previous studies (R.J. Youle and M. Colombatti, J. Biol. Chem., 262: 4676-4882, 1987) using anti-ricin hybridomas identified the secretory pre-Golgi as a critical site for RTA intoxication. We used ricin and RTA immunotoxins constructed with transferrin (TF) or anti-murine TF receptor antibody (RI7/217) to compare patterns of cytotoxicity and intracellular trafficking in anti-ricin hybridomas. Anti-RTA and anti-ricin B chain (RTB) hybridomas bound similar amounts of ricin and secreted comparable amounts of anti-ricin immunoglobulin. Anti-RTA hybridomas were 50- to 500-fold more resistant to ricin than nonsecretory and anti-RTB hybridomas, defining a ricin-resistant phenotype. All hybridomas expressed similar levels of surface TF receptors. RTA immunotoxins were constructed using human TF or RI7/217 and a disulfide linker. In protein synthesis inhibition assays, ricin-resistant hybridomas were manyfold more resistant to RI7/217-RTA than were ricin-sensitive hybridomas. In contrast, all hybridomas were equally sensitive to TF-RTA. Monensin increased ricin cytotoxicity minimally against all hybridomas, but dramatically increased RI7/217-RTA cytotoxicity in ricin-resistant and ricin-sensitive hybridomas in a way that abrogated the ricin-resistant phenotype. In contrast, monensin increased TF-RTA cytotoxicity equally in all hybridomas. Ammonium chloride had little effect on ricin or RI7/217-RTA cytotoxicity, but increased TF-RTA cytotoxicity against all hybridomas. Taken together, these results suggest that RTA molecules mediating cytotoxicity pass through an anti-RTA antibody-containing pre-Golgi compartment when bound to RTB or RI7/217, but not when bound to TF. Monensin abrogates the ricin-resistant phenotype when RTA is linked to RI7/217, but not RTB. This suggests that monensin alters RI7/217-RTA processing proximal to the pre-Golgi and that passage through the pre-Golgi may not be necessary for translocation of RTA to the cytoplasm. Ammonium chloride alters toxin cytotoxicity only when RTA is linked to TF, suggesting that only TF trafficks RTA through an acid-sensitive compartment prior to cytoplasmic translocation. With the addition of potentiating agents, each toxin studied showed a unique cytotoxicity profile against the anti-ricin hybridomas, demonstrating a dominant role of the cell binding ligand in intracellular toxin trafficking.
Optimized hermetic transform beam-forming of acoustic arrays via cascaded spatial filter arrangements derived using a chimerical evolutionary genetic algorithm (2013)

Hermetic transforms are complex matrices, having particular mathematical properties, that have recently been introduced to the field of acoustic array signal processing. Cascade sequences of Hermetic transform matrices have been shown to have direct utility in accomplishing spatial filtering and beam-forming of data from oversampled arrays. The present work details the adaptation of techniques previously shown to be successful in the processing of radio-wave phased-array antenna systems [Woodsum et al., 16th International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems (2012)] to the processing of sampled digital data from acoustic arrays. As in our earlier work, the use of a Chimerical, Evolutionary, Genetic Algorithm, having a “feature seeking” fitness function, is retained, for deriving optimal multiplicative arrangements of non-commuting elemental transform matrices. Each elemental matrix represents a spatial “pole” or “zero,” and cascaded arrangements of these are utilized to create a desired spatial pattern response for the array. In terms of acoustic reception, the technique is especially successful in dealing with null placement in order to mitigate large numbers of interfering signals, and in achieving super-resolution beams for arrays that are “acoustically small.” Experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions of performance.
Reduction of carbon monoxide by binuclear tantalum hydride complexes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of carbon monoxide by binuclear tantalum hydride complexesPatricia A. Belmonte, F. Geoffrey N. Cloke, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 9, 2643–2650Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00347a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00347a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential power analysis countermeasures for the configuration of SRAM FPGAs (2015)

This paper presents a practical way to mitigate Side Channel Analysis vulnerabilities inherent in the bitstream decryption engines in SRAM FPGAs. The method uses SmartFusion®2 flash based FPGAs as the secure root-of-trust. A multi-staged approach is used, where the SmartFusion2 host establishes a secure boot loader in the target FPGA The host and boot loader establish a secret key pair to securely transmit the long term application keys used to decrypt the final bitstream to be loaded into the device. All cryptographic algorithms have DPA countermeasures in place. This work further presents data on the effectiveness of the underlying solution using a statistical characterization of side channel leakage using the Test Vector Leakage Assessment (TVLA) methodology proposed by Cryptography Research, Inc. (CRI).
Kinetics of detection of blastogenic responses of neonatal calves inoculated in utero with tetanus toxoid, killed Mycobacterium bovis, and killed Brucella abortus. (1979)

Nine pregnant cows were laparotomized and their fetuses were immunized with tetanus toxoid, killed Brucella abortus, and killed Mycobacterium bovis. Blastogenesis assays and total leukocyte and differential counts were done when the calves were 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60 days of age. Initial blastogenesis responses to antigens, phytohemagglutinin, and concanavalin A were not positive as frequently as were the responses obtained when the calves were 2 to 3 weeks of age. The probability of obtaining a positive response to an antigen was positively correlated with the magnitude of the response, as determined by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions. Leukocyte and differential WBC counts in immunized calves were similar to those of unimmunized calves. The mean leukocyte count for the immunized calves remained near 16,000 cells/mm3; blood obtained in the first few days after birth contained a greater number of neutrophils than lymphocytes, whereas lymphocyte-to-neutrophil ratio gradually approached those of adult cattle, in which lymphocytes predominate.
Generation of induced neurons via direct conversion in vivo (2013)

Cellular reprogramming is a new and rapidly emerging field in which somatic cells can be turned into pluripotent stem cells or other somatic cell types simply by the expression of specific combinations of genes. By viral expression of neural fate determinants, it is possible to directly reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into functional neurons, also known as induced neurons. The resulting cells are nonproliferating and present an alternative to induced pluripotent stem cells for obtaining patient- and disease-specific neurons to be used for disease modeling and for development of cell therapy. In addition, because the cells do not pass a stem cell intermediate, direct neural conversion has the potential to be performed in vivo. In this study, we show that transplanted human fibroblasts and human astrocytes, which are engineered to express inducible forms of neural reprogramming genes, convert into neurons when reprogramming genes are activated after transplantation. Using a transgenic mouse model to specifically direct expression of reprogramming genes to parenchymal astrocytes residing in the striatum, we also show that endogenous mouse astrocytes can be directly converted into neural nuclei (NeuN)-expressing neurons in situ. Taken together, our data provide proof of principle that direct neural conversion can take place in the adult rodent brain when using transplanted human cells or endogenous mouse cells as a starting cell for neural conversion.
Stepwise phosphorylation of p65 promotes NF-κB activation and NK cell responses during target cell recognition (2016)

NF-κB is a key transcription factor that dictates the outcome of diverse immune responses. How NF-κB is regulated by multiple activating receptors that are engaged during natural killer (NK)-target cell contact remains undefined. Here we show that sole engagement of NKG2D, 2B4 or DNAM-1 is insufficient for NF-κB activation. Rather, cooperation between these receptors is required at the level of Vav1 for synergistic NF-κB activation. Vav1-dependent synergistic signalling requires a separate PI3K-Akt signal, primarily mediated by NKG2D or DNAM-1, for optimal p65 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Vav1 controls downstream p65 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Synergistic signalling is defective in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP1) NK cells entailing 2B4 dysfunction and required for p65 phosphorylation by PI3K-Akt signal, suggesting stepwise signalling checkpoint for NF-κB activation. Thus, our study provides a framework explaining how signals from different activating receptors are coordinated to determine specificity and magnitude of NF-κB activation and NK cell responses.
Fire dynamics simulator (version 2) : (2002)

The US Department of Commerce makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of FDS assume sole responsibility under Federal law for determining the appropriateness of its use in any particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for any actions taken or not taken as a result of analyses performed using these tools.
Work-efficient routing algorithms for rearrangeable symmetrical networks (1999)

The work performed by a parallel algorithm is the product of its running time and the number of processors it requires. This paper presents work-efficient (or cost-optimal) routing algorithms to determine the switch settings for realizing permutations on rearrangeable symmetrical networks such as Benes and the reduced /spl Omega//sub N//spl Omega//sub N//sup -1/. These networks have 2n-1 stages with N=2/sup n/ inputs/outputs, each stage consisting of N/2 crossbar switches of size (2/spl times/2). Previously known parallel routing algorithms for a rearrangeable network with N inputs determine the states of all switches recursively in O(n) iterations using N processors. Each iteration determines the switch settings of at most two stages of the network and requires at least O(n) time on a computer of N processors, regardless of the type of its interconnection network. Hence, the work of any previously known parallel routing algorithm equals at least O(Nn/sup 2/) for setting up all the switches of a rearrangeable network. The new routing algorithms run on a computer of p processors, 1/spl les/p/spl les/N/n, and perform work O(Nn). Moreover, because the range of p is large, the new routing algorithms do not have to be changed in case some processors become faulty.
Polyhedral Sculptures with Hyperbolic Paraboloids (1999)

Considering that area and edge effects are the most important factors that lead to landscape changes from the fragmentation of terrestrial communities, the present study aimed to analyze changes in the structure of vegetation classes of a fragmented landscape. The methodology employed was based on a model of patch dynamics for the years between 1979 and 2015. The analysis was performed with quantitative (area, shape and edge effect) and qualitative (low declivity of the terrain, fire resistance and tolerance to variation in light) variables of the classes of vegetation. Processes of retraction and expansion of the vegetation classes were identified, as well as the alteration of the structure of the fragments, which resulted in the intensification of the edge effect.
Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Pain of Patients with Metastatic Bone Tumors (2012)

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid injection in treatment of the pain of patients with metastatic bone tumors.Methods Twenty six patients with metastatic bone tumors,17 males and 9 females,were randomly selected.Intravenous zoledronic acid 4 mg was given once a month,after two cycles,the curative and safety were evaluated.The indicators included pain,KPS score and treatment of metastases.Results In all patients,the pain was complete relieved in 10 cases,partial in 13 cases,minor response in 2 cases,no remission in 1 case,the effective rate was 88.5%.The median KPS score was 60 before the treatment and 70 after the treatment;the quality of life was improved significantly;the incidence of adverse events was 7.7%,no serious adverse events was found,the main adverse reactions were the mild fever and gastrointestinal reactions.Conclusion Zoledronic acid has a good analgesic effect on the pain caused by bone metastatic tumor,and a better therapeutic effect on the metastases;the safety evaluation results are better,it is worthy to be generalized in the clinic.
A measure of similarity between graph vertices (2004)

We introduce a concept of similarity between vertices of directed graphs. Let G_A and G_B be two directed graphs. We define a similarity matrix whose (i, j)-th real entry expresses how similar vertex j (in G_A) is to vertex i (in G_B. The similarity matrix can be obtained as the limit of the normalized even iterates of a linear transformation. In the special case where G_A=G_B=G, the matrix is square and the (i, j)-th entry is the similarity score between the vertices i and j of G. We point out that Kleinberg's "hub and authority" method to identify web-pages relevant to a given query can be viewed as a special case of our definition in the case where one of the graphs has two vertices and a unique directed edge between them. In analogy to Kleinberg, we show that our similarity scores are given by the components of a dominant eigenvector of a non-negative matrix. Potential applications of our similarity concept are numerous. We illustrate an application for the automatic extraction of synonyms in a monolingual dictionary.
The Introduction of “Safety Science” into an Undergraduate Nursing Programme at a Large University in the United Kingdom (2016)

Implementing safety science {a term adopted by the authors which incorporates both patient safety and human factors (Sherwood, G. (2011). Integrating quality and safety science in nursing education and practice. Journal of Research in Nursing, 16(3), 226-240. doi: 10.1177/1744987111400960)} into healthcare programmes is a major challenge facing healthcare educators worldwide (National Advisory Group on the Safety of Patients in England, 2013; World Health Organisation, 2009). Patient safety concerns relating to human factors have been well-documented over the years, and the root cause(s) of as many as 65-80 % of these events are linked to human error (Dunn et al., 2007; Reason, 2005). This paper will describe how safety science education was embedded into a pre-registration nursing programme at a large UK university. The authors argue that the processes described in this paper, may be successfully applied to other pre-registration healthcare programmes in addition to nursing.
Identification of the flexible actuator of a colonoscope (2004)

In recent years, much has been studied on the colonoscope because it is a very important tool for diagnosing colon cancer which is the second leading cause of cancer in the developed countries. During the course of colonoscopy, the colonoscope need to be inserted to the tortuous colon of patients. This is a procedure often painful for the patient and complex for the surgeon. In order to solve this problem, a new flexible actuator of a colonoscope capable of avoiding the injury to the patients has been developed for autonomous colonoscope in our lab. In this paper we mainly deal with the modeling and parameter identification of our flexible actuator in order to design a controller that can automatically detect the contact between the surgical instruments and the intestine. First a mathematical model of the actuator was deduced and linearised from previous research, then a direct identification approach was studied for the continuous-time system, using continuous-time ARX (CARX) model and the Levenberg Marquardt (L-M) algorithm. Finally, the experiment setup and the identification of the parameters of the actuator are described and the results are compared with the data obtained from classical frequency response method. Experimentation has proved the continuous-time method to be very effective for our system identification.
Variable Tolerance of the Developing Follicle and Corpus Luteum to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist-Induced Gonadotropin Withdrawal in the Human* (1991)

To examine the differential sensitivity of the ovary to temporary withdrawal of gonadotropin support at different stages of folliculogenesis and corpus luteum function, GnRH antagonist blockade of gonadotropin secretion was examined in 17 studies using the Nal-Glu GnRH antagonist. A vehicle control, antagonist treatment, and follow-up cycle format was used in each study. A previously determined ED100 dose of the Nal-Glu GnRH antagonist (150 micrograms/kg) or vehicle was administered sc every 24 h for 3 consecutive days in the midfollicular phase (MFP), late follicular phase (LFP), and midluteal phase (MLP). In studies in the MFP (n = 7), the largest follicle was 11 +/- 2 mm (mean +/- SEM), and the mean estradiol (E2) level was 220 +/- 44 pmol/L on the first day of antagonist administration. Administration of the antagonist resulted in a 75 +/- 6% suppression of LH (P less than 0.005), no significant change in FSH, and suppression of E2 to the assay detection limit (P less than 0.05). Total cycle length was increased compared to that of the vehicle control cycle (37.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 26.3 +/- 1.1 days; (P less than 0.005) due to prolongation of follicular phase length (P less than 0.005) and reinitiation of folliculogenesis. In the LFP (n = 5), the largest follicle was 16 +/- 1 mm (P less than 0.05 vs. MFP), and the E2 level was 394 +/- 95 pmol/L (P less than 0.05 vs. MFP) on the first day of antagonist administration. Antagonist administration resulted in a 65 +/- 6% suppression of LH (P less than 0.05), a 47 +/- 11% decrease in FSH (P less than 0.05), and no significant change in E2. Total cycle length was prolonged (32.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 25.6 +/- 0.4 days; P less than 0.05) due to an increase in follicular phase length (P less than 0.02); however, the prolongation of the follicular phase was significantly less than that of the MFP (8.0 +/- 1.5 vs. 15.1 +/- 0.1 days; P less than 0.001), suggesting ovulation from the initial dominant follicle. In studies in the MLP (n = 5), LH, E2, and progesterone decreased to the assay detection limit after antagonist administration, while FSH decreased by 36 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05). Menstrual bleeding occurred within 24-48 h of the final Nal-Glu antagonist injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)