gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of spherical UO/sub 2/-UC/sub 2/ for nuclear fuel applications using thermochemical principles (1981)

A process for the fabrication of uranium dioxide-uranium dicarbide microspheres for use as an advanced nuclear fuel is described. The uranium-carbon-oxygen phase diagram was used extensively in applying thermochemical principles to the combined process of uranium carbide synthesis and kernel sintering. Variation of the partial pressure of carbon monoxide during the carbothermic reduction of urania plus carbon allowed the kernel composition and density to be controlled. X-ray diffraction, microstructural examination, and detailed chemical analyses were used to identify the kernel composition. A procedure was developed to convert urania plus carbon microspheres produced by a wet-chemical gelation process to a highly dense UO/sub 2/-UC/sub 2/ product at 1550/sup 0/C.
Multi-petal cyclamen flowers produced by AGAMOUS chimeric repressor expression (2013)

Cyclamen persicum (cyclamen) is a commercially valuable, winter-blooming perennial plant. We cloned two cyclamen orthologues of AGAMOUS (AG), CpAG1 and CpAG2, which are mainly expressed in the stamen and carpel, respectively. Cyclamen flowers have 5 petals, but expression of a chimeric repressor of CpAG1 (CpAG1-SRDX) caused stamens to convert into petals, resulting in a flower with 10 petals. By contrast, CpAG2-SRDX only caused incomplete formation of stamens and carpels. Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana showed similar effects on flower organ specification. Simultaneous expression of CpAG1-SRDX and CpAG2-SRDX in cyclamen induced rose-like, multi-petal flowers, a potentially valuable trait in commercial ornamental varieties. Expression of CpAG2-SRDX in a cyclamen mutant lacking expression of CpAG1 more effectively produced multi-petal flowers. Here, we controlled the number of petals in cyclamen by simple genetic engineering with a chimeric repressor. This strategy may be applicable useful for other ornamental plants with two distinct AG orthologues.
An array-based compressed sensing receiver architecture (2016)

This paper describes an Array-based Compressed sensing Receiver Architecutre (ACRA) which allows a digital receiver array to drastically increase its instantaneous bandwidth to detect, estimate, and determine angle of arrival of signals which are sparse in frequency or angle-frequency space. ACRA intentionally aliases the wideband signal at each element of the array, but uses different sampling rates at different antennas. The unique aliasing patterns produced at each channel can be used to determine the true frequencies of received signals using the sparse fast Fourier transform or similar algorithms. The concept is demonstrated using an 8-channel testbed targeting the 18-50 GHz band. The analog to digital converters in the testbed have a maximum sampling rate of 2 GSPS; thus the testbed demonstrates the potential for a sixteen fold increase in bandwidth when in-phase and quadrature sampling is used.
Portable polarimetric fiber stress sensor system for visco-elastic and biomimetic material analysis (2015)

Non-destructive materials characterization methods have significantly changed our fundamental understanding of material behavior and have enabled predictive models to be developed. However, the majority of these efforts have focused on crystalline and metallic materials, and transitioning to biomaterials, such as tissue samples, is non-trivial, as there are strict sample handling requirements and environmental controls which prevent the use of conventional equipment. Additionally, the samples are smaller and more complex in composition. Therefore, more advanced sample analysis methods capable of operating in these environments are needed. In the present work, we demonstrate an all-fiber-based material analysis system based on optical polarimetry. Unlike previous polarimetric systems which relied on free-space components, our method combines an in-line polarizer, polarization-maintaining fiber, and a polarimeter to measure the arbitrary polarization state of the output, eliminating all free-space elements. Additionally, we develop a more generalized theoretical analysis which allows more information about the polarization state to be obtained via the polarimeter. We experimentally verify our system using a series of elastomer samples made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a commonly used biomimetic material. By adjusting the base:curing agent ratio of the PDMS, we controllably tune the Young's modulus of the samples to span over an order of magnitude. The measured results are in good agreement with those obtained using a conventional load-frame system. Our fiber-based polarimetric stress sensor shows promise for use as a simple research tool that is portable and suitable for a wide variety of applications.
High-performance servo channel for nanometer head positioning in tape systems (2012)

In a tape system, the core of the reel-to-reel and track-following servomechanisms is the servo channel, which processes the servo signal read back by a servo reader reading a timing-based servo pattern. The servo channel estimates essential servo parameters, such as tape velocity, head lateral position and longitudinal tape position. The achievable precision of the various estimates determines how densely data can be placed on tape. In this paper, the architecture and the design of the building blocks of a novel high-performance synchronous servo channel are presented. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed servo channel allows nanometer head positioning in tape systems.
Using temporal profiles of queries for precision prediction (2004)

A key missing component in information retrieval systems is self-diagnostic tests to establish whether the system can provide reasonable results for a given query on a document collection. If we can measure properties of a retrieved set of documents which allow us to predict average precision, we can automate the decision of whether to elicit relevance feedback, or modify the retrieval system in other ways. We use meta-data attached to documents in the form of time stamps to measure the distribution of documents retrieved in response to a query, over the time domain, to create a temporal profile for a query. We define some useful features over this temporal profile. We find that using these temporal features, together with the content of the documents retrieved, we can improve the prediction of average precision for a query.
Advanced detection, surveillance, and reconnaissance principles (2005)

The paper presents novel optical imaging techniques, based on all active, multispectral, multifusion dual-energy Muller matrix polarimetric principles, for efficient interrogation of targets surrounded by scattered media, for target detection, identification and classification. The novelty of the imaging principles consists in fusing dual-energy detection principles, with Mueller matrix polarimetric imaging principles. The experimental results indicate clearly that, high-contrast Mueller matrix polarimetric dual-energy backscattered light image differences, and also degree of linear polarization (DOLP) images, can be obtained from targets embedded in turbid media, or under harsh illumination conditions.
Tunable Backward Terahertz-wave Parametric Oscillation (2019)

Backward optical parametric oscillation has attracted attention for cavityless spectral narrowband generation based on perfect photon conversion. Few demonstrations have shown its potential from the aspect of nonlinear photonics; therefore, the mechanisms of momentum conservation among interacting light waves have been concealed by the restricted configuration under the phase-matching condition of periodically poled structures. Here, we unveil a tunable mechanism in the terahertz region by active control of the phase-matching condition. The tunability of backward terahertz-wave parametric oscillation is investigated using a quasi-collinear phase-matching model and its frequency range from the sub-terahertz to terahertz region is identified. Transform-limited terahertz-wave pulse is achieved simply by installing a device on the pump propagating line with no cavity. Moreover, the cascading terahertz-wave generation enhances the photon conversion efficiency, thus making nonlinear optics and its applications more promising. The results highlight new capabilities for using modern ferroelectric materials and encourage further research on nonlinear optics.
Speech-recognition circuitry employing nonlinear processing, speech element modeling, and phoneme estimation (1994)

First Page
Geolocalization using skylines from omni-images (2009)

We propose a novel method to accurately estimate the global position of a moving car using an omnidirectional camera and untextured 3D city models. The camera is oriented upwards to capture images of the immediate skyline, which is generally unique and serves as a fingerprint for a specific location in a city. Our goal is to estimate global position by matching skylines extracted from omni-directional images to skyline segments from coarse 3D city models. Our contributions include a sky segmentation algorithm for omni-directional images using graph cuts and a novel approach for matching omni-image skylines to 3D models.
Development of a screening system for cystic fibrosis. (1983)

Abstract We have developed a simple method for detecting high concentrations of chloride in sweat from ambulatory subjects, a measurement useful in the detection of cystic fibrosis. The method is based on the standard approach of stimulating sweat generation through iontophoresis of pilocarpine nitrate into the skin, followed by collection and analysis of the sweat for chloride concentration. The sweat-stimulating reagents are contained in polymeric gel pads, which are used in conjunction with a small battery-powered stimulator. The chloride analysis is subsequently done on the stimulated site by use of a thin test patch that picks up a fixed amount of sweat and changes color if the chloride concentration is higher than a predetermined value. The successful completion of a test is indicated by a fill tab, which changes color when the appropriate amount of sweat has been picked up by the chloride test patch.
Laser Induced Damage Threshold of CVD-Grown Single Crystal Diamond Surfaces with Various Surface Finishes (2015)

The laser induced damage threshold of diamond surfaces is presented and that of surfaces with various mechanical and chemical etch compared. The LIDT of the diamond surfaces was found to be around 26 Jcm−2.
Range Translations for Fast Virtual Memory (2016)

Modern workloads suffer high execution-time overhead due to page-based virtual memory. The authors introduce range translations that map arbitrary-sized virtual memory ranges to contiguous physical memory pages while retaining the flexibility of paging. A range translation reduces address translation to a range lookup that delivers near zero virtual memory overhead.
Making Name-Based Content Routing More Efficient than Link-State Routing (2018)

The Diffusive Name-based Routing Protocol (DNRP) is introduced for efficient name-based routing in information-centric networks (ICN). DNRP establishes and maintains multiple loop-free routes to the nearest instances of a name prefix using only distance information. DNRP eliminates the need for periodic updates, maintaining topology information, storing complete paths to content replicas, or knowing about all the sites storing replicas of named content. DNRP is suitable for large ICNs with large numbers of prefixes stored at multiple sites. It is shown that DNRP provides loop-free routes to content independently of the state of the topology, and that it converges within a finite time to correct routes to name prefixes after arbitrary changes in the network topology or the placement of prefix instances. The result of simulation experiments illustrate that DNRP is more efficient than link-state routing approaches.
Inhibition of Rhinovirus Replication In Vitro and In Vivo by Acid‐Buffered Saline (2007)

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are quite sensitive to low pH. To determine whether this characteristic might be a therapeutic target, we evaluated the sensitivity of HRV to low-pH buffers in vitro and in vivo. Our findings confirm that low pH inhibited replication of most HRVs and reduced the replication of influenza virus. Preliminary experiments verified that the surface pH of the human nasopharynx could be transiently lowered to pH approximately 4.0 by topical administration of citrate/phosphate (CP) buffers, which was well tolerated. In a pilot experimental colds study, intranasal administration of CP buffer, compared with normal saline, reduced viral shedding by 1 log unit (10(3) vs. 10(4) 50% tissue culture infective dose/mL; P<.01), although respiratory symptoms were not significantly reduced. These findings demonstrate that low-pH buffers have antiviral activity in vivo and suggest that a larger clinical trial is warranted to determine whether this approach could reduce rates of viral transmission.
Method of making a double heterojunction diode laser. [GaAlAs] (1976)

A method is described for improving the current confinement capacity of a double heterojunction laser by using a high energy implantation of oxygen in the regions of an injection laser surrounding the active region of such laser so as to make such regions semi-insulating. 7 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures.
Learning Using Partially Available Privileged Information and Label Uncertainty: Application in Detection of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2020)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fulminant inflammatory lung injury that develops in patients with critical illnesses, affecting 200,000 patients in the United States annually. However, a recent study suggests that most patients with ARDS are diagnosed late or missed completely and fail to receive life-saving treatments. This is primarily due to the dependency of current diagnosis criteria on chest x-ray, which is not necessarily available at the time of diagnosis. In machine learning, such an information is known as Privileged Information - information that is available at training but not at testing. However, in diagnosing ARDS, privileged information (chest x-rays) are sometimes only available for a portion of the training data. To address this issue, the Learning Using Partially Available Privileged Information (LUPAPI) paradigm is proposed. As there are multiple ways to incorporate partially available privileged information, three models built on classical SVM are described. Another complexity of diagnosing ARDS is the uncertainty in clinical interpretation of chest x-rays. To address this, the LUPAPI framework is then extended to incorporate label uncertainty, resulting in a novel and comprehensive machine learning paradigm - Learning Using Label Uncertainty and Partially Available Privileged Information (LULUPAPI). The proposed frameworks use Electronic Health Record (EHR) data as regular information, chest x-rays as partially available privileged information, and clinicians' confidence levels in ARDS diagnosis as a measure of label uncertainty. Experiments on an ARDS dataset demonstrate that both the LUPAPI and LULUPAPI models outperform SVM, with LULUPAPI performing better than LUPAPI.
A novel, safe, fast and efficient treatment for Her2‐positive and negative bladder cancer utilizing an EGF‐anthrax toxin chimera (2019)

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States, and it exhibits an alarming 70% recurrence rate. Thus, the development of more efficient antibladder cancer approaches is a high priority. Accordingly, this work provides the basis for a transformative anticancer strategy that takes advantage of the unique characteristics of the bladder. Unlike mucin-shielded normal bladder cells, cancer cells are exposed to the bladder lumen and overexpress EGFR. Therefore, we used an EGF-conjugated anthrax toxin that after targeting EGFR was internalized and triggered apoptosis in exposed bladder cancer cells. This unique agent presented advantages over other EGF-based technologies and other toxin-derivatives. In contrast to known agents, this EGF-toxin conjugate promoted its own uptake via receptor microclustering even in the presence of Her2 and induced cell death with a LC<sub>50</sub> < 1 nM. Furthermore, our data showed that exposures as short as ≈3 min were enough to commit human (T24), mouse (MB49) and canine (primary) bladder cancer cells to apoptosis. Exposure of tumor-free mice and dogs with the agent resulted in no toxicity. In addition, the EGF-toxin was able to eliminate cells from human patient tumor samples. Importantly, the administration of EGF-toxin to dogs with spontaneous bladder cancer, who had failed or were not eligible for other therapies, resulted in ~30% average tumor reduction after one treatment cycle. Because of its in vitro and in vivo high efficiency, fast action (reducing treatment time from hours to minutes) and safety, we propose that this EGF-anthrax toxin conjugate provides the basis for new, transformative approaches against bladder cancer.
Synthesis of Discontinously Reinforced Metal matrix Composites Using Spray Atomisation and Co injection (1993)

A variety of processing techniques have evolved over the last two decades to optimize the structure and properties of particulate reinforced metal-matrix composites (MMCs). Among these, spray processes offer a unique opportunity to combine the benefits associated with fine particulate technology with in situ processing, and in some cases, near-net shape manufacturing. Spray processing generally involves mixing reinforcements and matrix under highly non-equilibrium conditions, and as a result, these processes offer the opportunity to modify the properties of existing alloy systems, and develop novel alloy compositions. In principle, such an approach will inherently avoid the extreme thermal excursions, with concomitant macrosegregation, normally associated with casting processes. Furthermore, this approach also eliminates the need to handle fine reactive particulates, normally associated with powder metallurgical processes. The present paper discusses recent developments in the area of spray atomisation and deposition processing of discontinuously reinforced MMCs, with particular emphasis on the synergism between microstructure, mechanical properties and processing.
Sinusoidal interpolation across missing data (2014)

We introduce a method for the concealment of a missing segment in an audio signal. The method is based on sinusoidal interpolation and extrapolation operations. An extrapolation is always followed by an interpolation and an interpolation is always followed by observed data. For interpolation, sinusoids are detected in both the observations prior and after the missing data segments. All sinusoids together are sorted by their amplitude before pairing up sinusoids observed before and after the missing segment. The complex amplitude and the frequency of the sinusoids are linearly interpolated. For extrapolation constant amplitudes and frequencies are used. The interpolation method can operate in two modes: a synchronous mode and an asynchronous mode. In the synchronous mode, the length of the segment of missing data is fixed and assumed to be consistent with the model. In the asynchronous mode, the length of the missing data segment is selected to minimize amplitude excursions over the interpolation interval. Experiments confirm that the new error concealment method performs significantly better than existing packet loss concealment methods for music signals.
Chemical Modification of M13 Bacteriophage and Its Application in Cancer Cell Imaging (2010)

The M13 bacteriophage has been demonstrated to be a robust scaffold for bionanomaterial development. In this paper, we report on the chemical modifications of three kinds of reactive groups, i.e., the amino groups of lysine residues or N-terminal, the carboxylic acid groups of aspartic acid or glutamic acid residues, and the phenol group of tyrosine residues, on M13 surface. The reactivity of each group was identified through conjugation with small fluorescent molecules. Furthermore, the regioselectivity of each reaction was investigated by HPLC-MS-MS. By optimizing the reaction condition, hundreds of fluorescent moieties could be attached to create a highly fluorescent M13 bacteriophage. In addition, cancer cell targeting motifs such as folic acid could also be conjugated onto the M13 surface. Therefore, dual-modified M13 particles with folic acid and fluorescent molecules were synthesized via the selective modification of two kinds of reactive groups. Such dual-modified M13 particles showed very good binding affinity to human KB cancer cells, which demonstrated the potential applications of M13 bacteriophage in bioimaging and drug delivery.
A model-based controller for a hybrid power filter to compensate harmonic distortion in unbalanced operation (2008)

This paper presents a model-based controller for a hybrid power filter to reduce the current harmonic distortion in a three-phase power system in the general case of unbalanced and distorted source voltages and load currents. The hybrid power filter topology considered is composed of an active filter connected to the grid by means of an LC passive filter. The aim of this topology is to reduce the current rating handled by the active filter voltage source inverter (VSI). The controller design is split in two stages, a regulation stage considering the fundamental component of the system dynamics, and a harmonics compensation stage considering the harmonic component of the system dynamics. In the regulation stage a current control is established to force the active filter current to extract only active power from the source, which is used to maintain the dc-link capacitor charged to a certain level. The load reactive current compensation is left to the passive filter mainly. The harmonic compensation stage forces the injection of current to the mains to compensate the harmonic distortion appearing in the line due to the distorting load. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the benefits of the proposed solution.
Toward an Ecosystem for Precision Sharing of Segmented Big Data (2013)

As the amount of data created and stored by organizations continues to increase, attention is turning to extracting knowledge from that raw data, including making some data available outside of the organization to enable crowd analytics. The adoption of the MapReduce paradigm has made processing Big Data more accessible, but is still limited to data that is currently available, often only within an organization. Fine-grained control over what information is shared outside an organization is difficult to achieve with Big Data, particularly in the MapReduce model. We introduce a novel approach to sharing that enables fine-grained control over what data is shared. Users submit analytics tasks that run on infrastructure near the actual data, reducing network bottlenecks. Organizations allow access to a logical version of their data created at runtime by filtering and transforming the actual data without creating storage-intensive stale copies, and resellers can further segment or augment this data to provide added value to analytics tasks. A loosely-coupled ecosystem driven by web services allows for discovery and sharing with a flexible, secure environment that limits the knowledge those running analytics need to have about the actual provider of the data. We describe a proof-of-concept implementation of the various components required to realize this ecosystem, and present a set of experiments to demonstrate feasibility, showing advantageous performance versus storage trade-offs.