gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HUTSIM - URBAN TRAFFIC SIMULATION AND CONTROL MODEL: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS (1999)

The problems with urban city traffic are getting worse, because of increasing traffic demand. Also the traffic environment and control systems are getting more and more complex. Transport telematics may offer new solutions, but it is difficult to predict its impact. Hence there is a need for new tools for traffic planning and research as well as for development of new traffic control strategies. The new tool has to be able to model all the essential interactions of the traffic process in sufficient detail. The subject of this thesis is the development of a general urban traffic simulator. The overall aim has been to develop a versatile planning and research tool for detailed examination of the traffic process and its interactions. With a simulator it is possible to examine the traffic system in a controlled way and without disturbing the actual traffic. Numerous different alternatives can be tested in order to choose the most suitable one. For evaluation the simulator produces various measures that indicate the efficiency, safety and emissions of the traffic. The animation provided by the simulation is very useful in demonstrating different alternatives to decision makers and for the general public. HUTSIM has been developed by the Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Transportation Engineering since 1989. HUTSIM was originally developed for evaluation of signal control, but has since evolved towards more general urban traffic and control simulation. This thesis is the continuation to the author's licentiate thesis on HUTSIM as a traffic signal simulator, opening new perspectives for applications based on the HUTSIM simulation. The flexible and versatile object-oriented modeling has made HUTSIM easy to adapt for most various simulation studies. HUTSIM's rule-based vehicle dynamics produces a consistent and stable driving behavior in any traffic situation with only a set of few rules for speed control, lane changing and gap acceptance. The parameters of this rule system has been calibrated by many field studies. The driving dynamics has been adapted to cover not only street traffic but the freeway environment, too. HUTSIM also offers multi-modal capabilities like pedestrian traffic and public transport simulation. An open and generic driver modeling framework is outlined in this thesis.
Vision-based target localization from a fixed-wing miniature air vehicle (2006)

This paper presents a method for localizing a ground-based object when imaged from a small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Using the pixel location of the target in an image, with measurements of UAV position and attitude, and camera pose angles, the target is localized in world coordinates. This paper presents a study of possible error sources and localization sensitivities to each source. The localization method has been implemented and experimental results are presented demonstrating the localization of a target to within 11 m of its known location
Architecture for a large healthcare information system (2002)

We developed one of the three major components of an enterprise architecture, the operational architecture, for the US Department of Defense's Military Health Systems (MHS). The MHS is an enormous operation: its electronic patient record (the Composite Healthcare System) in conjunction with other supporting systems, creates, updates, and accesses medical records for many millions of Department of Defense personnel and their families worldwide. As of 2002, the US Army, Navy, and Air Force manage as many as 154 medical treatment facilities worldwide. This article reports on our real experience and the lessons learned as we developed this system's operational architecture.
Equilibrium Melting Temperature of Isotactic Polypropylene with High Tacticity. 2. Determination by Optical Microscopy (2003)

In part 1 of this series, we proposed a new method to determine the correct equilibrium melting temperature (Tm0). Effects of the "melting kinetics" and lamellar thickening were omitted from Tm. The correct Tm0 of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) ([mmmm] = 99.6%, Mn = 64 × 103, and Mw/Mn = 2.4) was observed to be 186.1 °C. In this paper, the rigorous Gibbs−Thomson plot was obtained by using the direct correspondence between maximum melting temperature (Tm,max) and maximum lamellar thickness (lmax). Tm,max and lmax were observed by means of optical microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The validity of the Gibbs−Thomson plot obtained by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) (part 1 of this series) was confirmed by comparing it with the rigorous Gibbs−Thomson plot in this paper. The Hoffman−Weeks plot is widely used as one of the methods to obtain Tm0. It was shown that the Hoffman−Weeks plot is correct only when l ∝ 1/ΔT, where ΔT is the degree of supercooling, is satisfied. However, in the case of iPP, the condition is not satisfied, and so the result obtained by the Gibbs−Thomson plot is not equivalent to that obtained by the Hoffman−Weeks plot. The existence of α2' phase was confirmed again by breakings in slopes of l and Tm against Tc at 159 °C. Furthermore, the broad bimodal distribution of l was caused by the difference between the lamellar thickening growth rate of isolated mother lamellae and the lamellae thickening rate of stacked daughter lamellae.
Acidity of (Z)- and (E)-methyl acetates: relationship to Meldrum's acid (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidity of (Z)- and (E)-methyl acetates: relationship to Meldrum's acidKenneth B. Wiberg and Keith E. LaidigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6, 1872–1874Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00214a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00214a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physical characterization of non-ionic surfactant layers adsorbed at hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces by time-resolved ellipsometry (1996)

Non-ionic surfactant adsorption at hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces has been studied by time-resolved ellipsometry. Adsorption isotherms obtained for polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers (CnEm) at these surfaces are presented together with data on the adsorbed layer thickness and refractive index, giving information about the concomitant evolution of the molecular organisation within the adsorbed layers. It is shown that, whereas the surfactants are adsorbed as sub-monolayers or monolayers at hydrophobic surfaces, they form surface micelles or bilayer-type aggregates at hydrophilic silica. The adsorption/desorption kinetics of the surfactants at the different surfaces have also been investigated. A kinetic model based on the assumption of diffusive transport of surfactants through a stagnant layer, coupled with the idea of a local equilibrium existing between the adsorbed layer and the solution in its immediate vicinity, is used to interpret the experimental results. This was found to reproduce quantitatively the main features of the time dependence observed during adsorption and desorption at hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic silica.
Sterically Induced Shape and Crystalline Phase Control of GaP Nanocrystals (2002)

We demonstrate a novel synthetic scheme that can be used to control the crystalline phase and shape of GaP semiconductor nanocrystals. Our study shows that steric effects of surfactant ligands can modulate the crystalline phases and control the shapes of nanocrystals. The shape of the nanocrystals obtained varies from zero-dimensional spheres to one-dimensional rods via controlling the ratio between primary and tertiary alkylamines. III-V semiconductors (in our case: GaP) under 10 nm in width are first reported, and unique optical properties due to shape anisotropy are also observed.
Full expression of the cryIIIA toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis requires a distant upstream DNA sequence affecting transcription (1993)

The cryIIIA gene encoding a coleopteran-specific toxin is poorly expressed in Bacillus thuringiensis when cloned in a low-copy-number plasmid. This weak expression is observed when the gene is cloned only with its promoter and its putative terminator. cryIIIA gene expression was analyzed by using deletion derivatives of a larger DNA fragment carrying the toxin gene and additional adjacent sequences. The results indicate that a 1-kb DNA fragment located 400 bp upstream of the promoter strongly enhances CryIIIA production in B. thuringiensis sporulating cells. Similar results were obtained when the low-copy-number plasmid pHT304 carrying transcriptional fusions between upstream regions of cryIIIA and the lacZ gene was used. Analysis of the start sites, the sizes, and the amounts of cryIIIA-specific mRNAs shows that the enhancement occurs at the transcriptional level by increasing the number of cryIIIA-specific transcripts from the onset of sporulation to about 6 h after the onset of sporulation. The nucleotide sequence of the 1-kb activating fragment and of the 700 bp containing the promoter region and the 5' end of cryIIIA were determined. No potential protein-coding sequences were found upstream of the promoter. The major characteristic of the 1-kb activating fragment is the presence of a 220-bp A + T-rich region.
A comparison of medium voltage high power DC/DC converters with high step-up conversion ratio for offshore wind energy systems (2011)

As one of the most important renewable energy sources, wind is widely utilized now. As well as onshore trend, offshore wind farms have also been continuing its growth rapidly due to much better wind conditions. One of the interesting options for offshore wind farms is a wind farm with an internal medium voltage DC (MVDC)-grid collection connected to a high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. Medium voltage high power DC/DC converters with high step-up conversion ration are the key components in the MVDC-grid collection offshore wind farms. In this paper, a review of medium voltage high power DC/DC converter topologies with high step-up conversion ratio is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of these converters are discussed. Finally, this paper lists some major challenges for the high power MVDC converters.
Vancomycin CD and DE Macrocyclization and Atropisomerism Studies (1998)

Continued studies on the synthesis and atropisomerism of the vancomycin CD and DE ring systems based on aromatic nucleophilic substitution macrocyclization reactions for formation of the biaryl ethers are detailed in efforts that further define substituent effects, explore the impact of protecting groups, and establish the stereochemical integrity of peripheral substituents. These have led to the identification of a previously unrecognized site of epimerization within our original approach to the DE ring system and the introduction of significant improvements in the approach that will find utilization in syntheses of the vancomycin CDE ring system and of the natural product itself. The preparation of a complete set of DE ring system isomers bearing the unnatural stereochemistry at the labile C8, C11, and C14 sites was accomplished for comparison and established that C8 is prone to epimerization to the more stable, unnatural S versus R absolute stereochemistry if it bears an ester, but not a carboxamide, substituent. Additionally, an improved synthesis of the CD ring system, enlisting a C14 carboxamide versus ester substituent, is disclosed and establishes the stereochemical integrity of our prior approach which incorporated a C14 ester. A set of fully functionalized CD and DE ring systems were prepared and include the development of conditions for the final deprotections required for incorporation into efforts on the natural product. The examination of the antimicrobial activity of these key substructures of vancomycin is detailed.
Theoretical studies of the EPR g factors and optical spectra of copper bearingturquoise mineral (2015)

In this paper, the EPR g factors gi (i=x, y, z) of the Cu2+ ions in turquoise are theoretically studied by using the third-order perturbation formulas of the g factors for a 3d9 ion in rhombically elongated octahedron. In these formulas, the contributions from the ligand orbital and spin-orbit coupling interaction and the admixture of d-orbitals in the ground state wave function are taken into account. The results show that although the admixture of the |dz2> state to the ground state wave function is small, it should not be neglected in theoretical explanations of the g factors of the studied system. The calculated results are in good agreement with the observed values. The results are discussed.
Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome: A Progress Report (1994)

We report the findings in the first 30 patients with the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS). All had microcephaly from birth, short stature and a 'bird-like' face. Most of them suffered from recurrent respiratory tract infections. Intelligence was normal in half of the patients. Serum immunoglobulins were disturbed in 22/25 patients investigated (IgG deficiency, IgA deficiency, IgG2 and IgG4 deficiency) and T cell defects were found in 23/24 patients tested. The immunodeficiency appears to be more severe than in A-T. Chromosomal aberrations in cultured T lymphocytes occurred preferentially in chromosomes 7 and 14 and at the same breakpoints as in A-T. However, the percentage of chromosome 7 and/or 14 rearrangements was significantly higher in NBS patients than in A-T patients (p < 0.0005). Inv(7) was amongst the most frequently detected aberration in NBS cells as it is in A-T cells. Large clones of cells with rearrangements of chromosome 14 were rare in NBS. Of the first 19 reported patients eight have already developed a malignancy: seven a lymphoma and one a meningioma. It is noteworthy that both the tendency to express rearrangements of chromosomes 7 and 14 and the tendency to develop a malignancy is much higher in NBS than in A-T. Whether there is any causal relationship is as yet unknown.
Changes in optical interference coatings exposed to 193-nm excimer laser radiation (1999)

The exposure of optical interference coatings to low-fluence DUV-radiation reveals changes of thin layer properties due to interactions between radiation field and thin film structure. An experimental set up for irradiating antireflective as well a high reflective coatings with 193nm excimer laser was used in order to study permanent cumulative changes in optical coatings at fluences ranging from 20mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> with up to 240 10<SUP>6</SUP> laser pulses. The optical ex-situ monitoring of radiation induced modifications enabled the differentiation of coating specific and substrate inherent alteration effects. The identification of conditions as well as degradation processes during the exposure could be achieved for several types of DUV-coating materials. They were deposited with an ultra low loss evaporation process onto calcium fluoride and fused silica substrates. Fluoride coating included LaF<SUB>3</SUB>, Na<SUB>3</SUB>AlF<SUB>6</SUB>, MgF<SUB>2</SUB>, AlF<SUB>3</SUB> oxide coatings consisted of SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> exclusively.
Dynamic multi-rigid-body systems with concurrent distributed contacts (2001)

Consider a system of rigid bodies with multiple concurrent contacts. The multi-rigidbody contact problem is to predict the accelerations of the bodies and the normal and friction loads acting at the contacts. This paper presents theoretical results for the multi-rigid-body contact problem under the assumptions that one or more contacts occur over locally planar, finite regions and that friction forces are consistent with the maximum work inequality. Existence and uniqueness results are presented for this problem under mild assumptions on the system inputs. In addition, the performance of two different time-stepping methods for integrating the dynamics are compared on two simple problems.
Both DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 and BRCA1 regulate the G2-M cell cycle checkpoint. (2003)

Cell cycle checkpoints play a central role in genomic stability. The human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) protein contains eight BRCA1 COOH terminus motifs and shares similarities with Cut5, a yeast checkpoint Rad protein. TopBP1 also shares many features with BRCA1. We report that, when expression of TopBP1 protein is inhibited in BRCA1 mutant cells, mimicking a TopBP1, BRCA1 double-negative condition, the G(2)-M checkpoint is strongly abrogated and apoptosis is increased after ionizing radiation. However, a BRCA1-negative or a TopBP1-negative background resulted in only partial abrogation of the G(2)-M checkpoint. The BRCA1 mutant and TopBP1-reduced condition specifically destroys regulation of the Chk1 kinase but not the Chk2 kinase, suggesting involvement in the ataxia telangiectasia-related pathway. These results indicate that both TopBP1 and BRCA1 specifically regulate the G(2)-M checkpoint, partially compensating each function.
Structural basis for m7G recognition and 2′-O-methyl discrimination in capped RNAs by the innate immune receptor RIG-I (2016)

RNAs with 5'-triphosphate (ppp) are detected in the cytoplasm principally by the innate immune receptor Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I (RIG-I), whose activation triggers a Type I IFN response. It is thought that self RNAs like mRNAs are not recognized by RIG-I because 5'ppp is capped by the addition of a 7-methyl guanosine (m7G) (Cap-0) and a 2'-O-methyl (2'-OMe) group to the 5'-end nucleotide ribose (Cap-1). Here we provide structural and mechanistic basis for exact roles of capping and 2'-O-methylation in evading RIG-I recognition. Surprisingly, Cap-0 and 5'ppp double-stranded (ds) RNAs bind to RIG-I with nearly identical Kd values and activate RIG-I's ATPase and cellular signaling response to similar extents. On the other hand, Cap-0 and 5'ppp single-stranded RNAs did not bind RIG-I and are signaling inactive. Three crystal structures of RIG-I complexes with dsRNAs bearing 5'OH, 5'ppp, and Cap-0 show that RIG-I can accommodate the m7G cap in a cavity created through conformational changes in the helicase-motif IVa without perturbing the ppp interactions. In contrast, Cap-1 modifications abrogate RIG-I signaling through a mechanism involving the H830 residue, which we show is crucial for discriminating between Cap-0 and Cap-1 RNAs. Furthermore, m7G capping works synergistically with 2'-O-methylation to weaken RNA affinity by 200-fold and lower ATPase activity. Interestingly, a single H830A mutation restores both high-affinity binding and signaling activity with 2'-O-methylated dsRNAs. Our work provides new structural insights into the mechanisms of host and viral immune evasion from RIG-I, explaining the complexity of cap structures over evolution.
Inhibitory Factors of Transglutaminase in Salted Salmon Meat Paste (1995)

Transglutaminase (TGase) plays an important role in the formation of set gel andsubsequent final surimi-based products with greater elasticity and water-holdingcapacity from salted surimi paste. In salmon surimi paste, however, the enzyme activity was inhibited even in the presence of a sufficient concentration of Ca2+ required for full activation. It was found that water soluble muscle proteins did not inhibit TGase activity, while deproteinized muscle extract markedly inhibited the enzyme activity and depressed TGase-induced cross-linking and gelationof salmon actomyosin. The deproteinized salmon muscle extract contained a large amount of anserine as a major nitrogen compound. Anserine inhibited TGase activity, but its inhibitoryaction was slightly lower than that of the muscle extract. However, the reduction of TGase-induced cross-linking of myosin heavy chain and gelation of actomyosin by anserine was in the same extent as that by the muscle extract.
Chemoimmunotherapy of a murine fibrosarcoma: Critical factors for success of combined modality therapy (1977)

Thiabendazole (TBZ), a new nonspecific immunopotentiator, was evaluated in combination with Cytoxan in the therapy of a syngeneic murine fibrosarcoma. The reduction of tumor burden by chemotherapy was critical in achieving an optimal response from immunotherapy. Eighty-eight percent of the mice that responded to Cytoxan had sustained regression of tumor with TBZ treatment. The response to TBZ was markedly diminished, both in duration and magnitude, in the mice considered to be Cytoxan nonresponders. Timing of immunotherapy was also important. If Cytoxan and TBZ were given simultaneously, growth kinetics similar to those observed with Cytoxan alone were observed. However, if TBZ was given 4 days after Cytozan administration, prolonged regression of tumor was seen. Alone, TBZ was most effective at a dose of 20 mg/kg. However, in combination with Cytoxan the most effective dose was 0.2 mg/kg. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Collaborative infrastructures using the WWW and CORBA-based environments (2002)

The current proliferation of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the growing popularity of the Java language for programming such environments has fuelled a need for Web browsers to provide access to the variety of information sources and services now available on the Internet. In parallel to this revolution, computer vendors have been cooperating to develop an interoperable standard for communication which is based on the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). We present the tools we have developed that provide powerful mechanisms for accessing any service based upon the interoperable CORBA standards from the popular WWW browsers. These tools are available in the public domain and have been downloaded and used around the world for building practical, fieldable systems.