gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperdispersion grating arrangements for compact pulse compressors and expanders (2004)

A novel, but general, arrangement of parallel sets of gratings is presented that can effectively increase the dispersion of pulse compressors and expanders by over an order of magnitude. These arrangements will dramatically reduce the footprint of the pulse compressors and expanders used in CPA.
10- to 16-μm broadband quantum well infrared photodetector (1998)

A broad-band infrared detector, sensitive over a 10 - 16 micrometer spectral range, based on GaAs/Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>As quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy, has been demonstrated. Wavelength broadening of (Delta) (lambda) /(lambda) <SUB>p</SUB> approximately 42% is observed to be about a 400% increase compared to a typical bound-to- quasibound quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). In this device structure, which is different from typical QWIP device structures, two different gain mechanisms associated with photocurrent electrons and dark current electrons were observed and explained. Even with broader response, D* approximately 1 X 10<SUP>10</SUP> cm(root)Hz/W at T equals 55 K is comparable to regular QWIPs with similar cutoff wavelengths.
Quill (2016)

This paper introduces Quill (stands for a quadrillion tuples per day ), a library and distributed platform for relational and temporal analytics over large datasets in the cloud. Quill exposes a new abstraction for parallel datasets and computation, called ShardedStreamable . This abstraction provides the ability to express efficient distributed physical query plans that are transferable, i.e., movable from offline to real-time and vice versa. ShardedStreamable decouples incremental query logic specification, a small but rich set of data movement operations, and keying; this allows Quill to express a broad space of plans with complex querying functionality, while leveraging existing temporal libraries such as Trill. Quill's layered architecture provides a careful separation of responsibilities with independently useful components, while retaining high performance. We built Quill for the cloud, with a master-less design where a language-integrated client library directly communicates and coordinates with cloud workers using off-the-shelf distributed cloud components such as queues. Experiments on up to 400 cloud machines, and on datasets up to 1TB, find Quill to incur low overheads and outperform SparkSQL by up to orders-of-magnitude for temporal and 6× for relational queries, while supporting a rich space of transferable, programmable, and expressive distributed physical query plans.
Combination performance of truncated decorrelatorand coherent RAKE receiverfor DS-CDMA (1995)

The combination performance of a truncated decorrelator and a coherent RAKE receiver using pilot symbol-aided channel estimation is evaluated by computer simulation for DS-CDMA in several multipath fading environments. Computer simulation results show that the proposed truncated decorrelator can, within a window of several symbols, improve the bit error rate (BER) performances compared to the conventional matched filter receiver in fast Rayleigh fading environments.
Abstract P5-19-02: Selective PI3K and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors enhance the efficacy of endocrine therapies in breast cancer models (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are lipid kinases that can regulate breast tumor cell growth, migration and survival. Standard of care drugs such as estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists including fulvestrant and tamoxifen, and aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole are indicated for the treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancer. The current study is focused on investigating preclinical activity in breast cancer models, for GDC-0941, a class I PI3K inhibitor, GDC-0032, a PI3K inhibitor, and GDC-0980, a dual mTOR kinase and class I PI3K inhibitor. Investigation into PI3K inhibitor efficacy in combination with endocrine therapies is also explored. Experimental Design: A panel of ER+ breast cancer cell lines were treated with GDC-0941, GDC-0032 and GDC-0980 either as single agents or in combination with fulvestrant or tamoxifen and assayed for cellular effects. MCF-7 cells ectopically expressing aromatase were utilized to test the efficacy of aromatase inhibitors in combination with PI3K inhibitors in vitro. In addition, human xenografts of breast cancer cell lines were employed to assess combination efficacy of PI3K inhibitors with fulvestrant and tamoxifen in vivo. Results: Combination of GDC-0941, GDC-0032 or GDC-0980 with endocrine therapies resulted in a decrease in cellular viability and an increase in cell death. Synergy of PI3K inhibitor combinations with fulvestrant or tamoxifen was assessed using Combination Index (C.I.), and C.I. values as low as 0.1 indicated strong synergy in some contexts. Combination activity of PI3K inhibitors and letrozole was also observed in MCF7 cells expressing aromatase. In MCF-7 xenografts, the combination of GDC-0980, GDC-0032 and GDC-0941 enhanced activity of fulvestrant resulting in tumor regressions and tumor growth delay (116% tumor growth inhibition (TGI) for GDC-0980 and 91% TGI for GDC-0941 and GDC-0032). In addition, the combination of GDC-0941 or GDC-0032 with tamoxifen enhanced the efficacy of tamoxifen in vivo (83%TGI for GDC-0941 and 102%TGI for GDC-0032). Mechanism of action and biomarker studies are underway. Conclusion: Collectively, the non-clinical efficacy data provide a strong rationale to evaluate the combination of PI3K inhibitors with anti-estrogen therapy in hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-19-02.
Comparative genomics between fly, mouse, and cattle identifies genes associated with sire conception rate (2012)

The decline in reproductive performance in cattle is of major concern to farmers and the dairy industry worldwide. Most fertility studies in cattle have focused on fertility of the cow, whereas the genetics of male fertility have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study hypothesizes that the high conservation of spermatogenesis genes from fly to human implies important roles of these genes in male fertility in cattle. To test this hypothesis, we performed an association analysis between highly conserved spermatogenesis genes and sire conception rate (SCR) in US Holsteins as a measure of bull fertility. Sequencing analysis revealed 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 9 genes in the bull population using the pooled DNA sequencing approach. Five SNP previously identified in 5 genes from the POU1F1 pathway were also included in this study because they have shown significant associations with female and male fertility traits. Overall, 29 SNP located in 14 candidate genes were tested for association with sire conception rate in a population of 1,988 bulls. Three SNP located in MAP1B and 1 SNP in PPP1R11 showed significant associations with SCR. For the POU1F1 pathway, single gene analysis revealed significant associations of POU1F1 and STAT5A with SCR. Analysis of genotypic interactions between adjacent genes in the pathway revealed significant associations of STAT5A and UTMP genotypic combinations with SCR. The most significant spermatogenesis gene, MAP1B, was found to be associated with fertilization and blastocyst rates. Thus, the association of these genes with bull fertility testifies to the usefulness of the comparative genomics approach in selecting candidate male fertility genes.
<title>Antiscatter stationary-grid artifacts automated detection and removal in projection radiography images</title> (2001)

Antiscatter grids absorb scattered radiation and increase X- ray image contrast. Stationary grids leave line artifacts or create Moire patterns on resized digital images. Various grid designs were investigated to determine relevant physical properties that affect an image. A detection algorithm is based on grid peak determination in the image's averaged 1D Fourier spectrum. Grid artifact removal is based on frequency filtering in a spatial dimension orthogonal to the grid stripes. Different filter design algorithms were investigated to choose the transfer function that maximizes the suppression of grid artifacts with minimal image distortion. Algorithms were tested on synthetic data containing a variety of SNRs and grid spatial inclinations, on radiographic data containing phantoms with and without grids, and on a set of real CR images. Detector and filter performance were optimized by using Intel Signal Processing Library, resulting in a time of about 3 sec to process a 2Kx2.5K CR image on a Pentium II PC> There are no grid artifacts and no image blur revealed on processed images as evaluated by third party technical and medical experts. This automated grid artifact suppression method is built into a new version of Kodak PACS Link Medical Image Manager.
Parasin I, an antimicrobial peptide derived from histone H2A in the catfish, <i>Parasilurus asotus</i> (1998)

In response to epidermal injury, Parasilurus asotus, a catfish, secreted a strong antimicrobial peptide into the epithelial mucosal layer. The molecular mass of the antimicrobial peptide, named parasin I, was 2000.4 Da, as determined by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The complete amino acid sequence of parasin I, which was determined by automated Edman degradation, was Lys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Lys-Gln-Gly-Gly-Lys-Val-Arg-Ala-Lys-Ala-Lys-Thr-Arg-Ser- Ser. Eighteen of the 19 residues in parasin I were identical to the N-terminal of buforin I, a 39-residue antimicrobial peptide derived from the N-terminal of toad histone H2A [Kim et al. (1996) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229, 381-387], which implies that parasin I was cleaved off from the N-terminal of catfish histone H2A. Parasin I showed strong antimicrobial activity, about 12-100 times more potent than magainin 2, against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, without any hemolytic activity. Circular dichroism spectra of parasin I indicated a structural content of 11% alpha-helix, 33% beta-sheet, and 56% random coils. The beta-sheet axial projection diagram of parasin I showed an amphipathic structure. Our results indicate that the catfish may produce parasin I from its histone H2A by a specific protease upon injury to protect against invasion by microorganisms.
Tunable Matching Networks Based on Phase-Switched Impedance Modulation1 (2020)

The ability to provide accurate, rapid, and dynamically controlled impedance matching offers significant advantages to a wide range of present and emerging radio-frequency (RF) power applications. This article develops a new type of tunable matching network (TMN) that enables a combination of much faster and more accurate impedance matching than is available with conventional techniques and is suitable for use at high power levels. This implementation is based on a narrow-band technique, termed here phase-switched impedance modulation (PSIM), which entails the switching of passive elements at the RF operating frequency, effectively modulating their impedances. The proposed approach provides absorption of device parasitics and zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the active devices, and we introduce control techniques that enable ZVS operation to be maintained across operating conditions. A prototype PSIM-based TMN is developed that provides a 50-Ω match over a load impedance range suitable for inductively coupled plasma processes. The prototype TMN operates at frequencies centered around 13.56 MHz at input RF power levels of up to 200 W.
Decoding for MIMO systems with correlated channel estimation errors (2011)

We consider receiver design in uncoded multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. Practical MIMO systems assume an accurate estimate of the channel state information (CSI) at the receiver; failure to estimate the channel accurately or to account for CSI errors in the receiver leads to poor performance in terms of high symbol error rate (SER) in data detection. Since CSI estimation at the receiver is often imperfect due to measurement errors, quantization errors and other sources of error, it is imperative that MIMO receivers account for CSI errors. In this paper, we design a MIMO receiver that considers channel estimation error; the only assumption we make about the error is its Gaussianity. We allow correlation to exist between channel estimation errors and propose a generalized robust maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder that is robust to CSI errors and is near optimal in the SER (i.e probability of symbol error) performance metric. Our proposed decoder has exponential complexity which is undesirable in practical systems. Hence, we also propose a recursive search algorithm to implement our generalized robust ML decoder with substantially lower computational complexity. For a 4 × 4 MIMO system with 256-QAM modulation and at SER of 10 3, our proposed generalized robust ML decoder has a coding loss of only 0.5 dB while searching through 2360 nodes (or less) compared to 65536 using the exact ML metric. This translates to up to 228 times fewer real multiplications and additions in the implementation.
Compression of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters for transmission of talking heads (1999)

The emerging MPEG-4 standard supports the transmission and composition of facial animation with natural video. The new standard will include a facial animation parameter (FAP) set that is defined based on the study of minimal facial actions and is closely related to muscle actions. The FAP set enables model-based representation of natural or synthetic talking-head sequences and allows intelligible visual reproduction of facial expressions, emotions, and speech pronunciations at the receiver. This paper addresses the data-compression issue of talking heads and presents three methods for bit-rate reduction of FAPs. Compression efficiency is achieved by way of transform coding, principal component analysis, and FAP interpolation. These methods are independent of each other in nature and thus can be applied in combination to lower the bit-rate demand of FAPs, making possible the transmission of multiple talking heads over band-limited channels. The basic methods described here have been adopted into the MPEG-4 Visual Committee Draft and are readily applicable to other articulation data such as body animation parameters. The efficacy of the methods is demonstrated by both subjective and objective results.
Binding and lubrication of biomimetic boundary lubricants on articular cartilage (2016)

The glycoprotein, lubricin, is the primary boundary lubricant of articular cartilage and has been shown to prevent cartilage damage after joint injury. In this study, a library of eight bottle-brush copolymers were synthesized to mimic the structure and function of lubricin. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted onto a polyacrylic acid (pAA) core mimicked the hydrophilic mucin-like domain of lubricin, and a thiol terminus anchored the polymers to cartilage surfaces much like lubricin's C-terminus. These copolymers, abbreviated as pAA-g-PEG, rapidly bound to cartilage surfaces with binding time constants ranging from 20 to 39 min, and affected lubrication under boundary mode conditions with coefficients of friction ranging from 0.140 ± 0.024 to 0.248 ± 0.030. Binding and lubrication were highly correlated (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.89-0.99), showing that boundary lubrication in this case strongly depends on the binding of the lubricant to the surface. Along with time-dependent and dose-dependent behavior, lubrication and binding of the lubricin-mimetics also depended on copolymer structural parameters including pAA backbone length, PEG side chain length, and PEG:AA brush density. Polymers with larger backbone sizes, brush sizes, or brush densities took longer to bind (p < 0.05). Six of the eight polymers reduced friction relative to denuded cartilage plugs (p < 0.05), suggesting their potential to lubricate and protect cartilage in vivo. In copolymers with shorter pAA backbones, increasing hydrodynamic size inhibited lubrication (p < 0.08), while the opposite was observed in copolymers with longer backbones (p < 0.05). These polymers show similar in vitro lubricating efficacy as recombinant lubricins and as such have potential for in vivo treatment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:548-557, 2017.
Cofactor Regeneration of NAD<sup>+</sup>from NADH: Novel Water‐Forming NADH Oxidases (2002)

Dehydrogenases with their superb enantioselectivity can be employed advantageously to prepare enantiomerically pure alcohols, hydroxy acids, and amino acids. For economic syntheses, however, the co-substrate of dehydrogenases, the NAD(P)(H) cofactor, has to be regenerated. Whereas the problem of regenerating NADH from NAD+ can be considered solved, the inverse problem of regenerating NAD+ from NADH still awaits a definitive and practical solution. A possible solution is the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ with concomitant reduction of oxygen catalyzed by NADH oxidase (E.C. 1.6.-.-) which can reduce O2 either to undesirable H2O2 or to innocuous H2O. We have found and cloned two novel genes from Borrelia burgdorferi and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis with hitherto only machine-annotated NADH oxidase function. We have overexpressed the corresponding proteins and could prove the annotated function to be correct. As demonstrated with a more sensitive assay than employed previously, the two novel NADH oxidases reduce O2 to H2O.
Cardiovascular modeling and diagnostics (1995)

In this paper, a novel approach to modeling and diagnosing the cardiovascular system is introduced. A model exhibits a subset of the dynamics of the cardiovascular behavior of an individual by using a recurrent artificial neural network. Potentially, a model will be incorporated into a cardiovascular diagnostic system. This approach is unique in that each cardiovascular model is developed from physiological measurements of an individual. Any differences between the modeled variables and the variables of an individual at a given time are used for diagnosis. This approach also exploits sensor fusion to optimize the utilization of biomedical sensors. The advantage of sensor fusion has been demonstrated in applications including control and diagnostics of mechanical and chemical processes.
Dynamically stable associative learning (DYSTAL): a biologically motivated artificial neural network (1989)

A biologically motivated computation model of associative learning has been developed. The DYSTAL model is an artificial neural network that extends connectionist ideas by introducing essential features of biological associative learning systems into the model. DYSTAL differs from other artificial neural networks in two principal respects: (1) the rules governing the modification of the connection weights do not involve the output of the element whose input weights are being changed, either implicitly or explicitly; and (2) the rules governing the modification of a connection weight depend on whether or not that connection propagated a signal in immediately prior steps. The essential feature of temporal pairing of stimuli in associative learning is modeled by a learning rule that requires successive firings before synaptic weights are changed. Consequences of the basic properties of DYSTAL include: (1) linear scaling of computational requirements with network size; (2) an architecture that permits feedforward, feedback, and lateral connections, both excitatory and inhibitory; (3) exceptionally rapid learning without an external 'teacher'; and (4) ability to independently associate different ensembles of inputs, thereby functioning simultaneously as an associator and a classifier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An iPhone Application for Blood Pressure Monitoring via the Oscillometric Finger Pressing Method (2018)

We developed an iPhone X application to measure blood pressure (BP) via the "oscillometric finger pressing method". The user presses her fingertip on both the front camera and screen to increase the external pressure of the underlying artery, while the application measures the resulting variable-amplitude blood volume oscillations via the camera and applied pressure via the strain gauge array under the screen. The application also visually guides the fingertip placement and actuation and then computes BP from the measurements just like many automatic cuff devices. We tested the application, along with a finger cuff device, against a standard cuff device. The application yielded bias and precision errors of -4.0 and 11.4 mmHg for systolic BP and -9.4 and 9.7 mmHg for diastolic BP (n = 18). These errors were near the finger cuff device errors. This proof-of-concept study surprisingly indicates that cuff-less and calibration-free BP monitoring may be feasible with many existing and forthcoming smartphones.
Consistency driven respiratory phase alignment and motion compensation in PET/CT (2007)

Respiratory motion in PET/CT imaging degrades PET image quantitation due to misaligned attenuation correction (AC) factors and motion blurring. This work explores the use of the Radon consistency conditions to compensate for these limitations in respiratory gated PET images in which only a single CT scan is available for AC. Specifically, we use the Radon consistency of AC-PET data as a metric to transform the attenuation map to match each phase of respiratory gated data, perform phase matched AC, and then use the inverse of the transformation parameters to align the gated PET images into a single phase. A final image volume is formed from summing PET images aligned to a single phase. We test this method with three transformation types applied to simulated data and measured patient PET/CT data. Results show successful alignment of attenuation maps and minor quantitative improvement with the proposed methods.
Controlled synthesis of high molecular weight polyaniline and poly(o-methoxyaniline) (1994)

The molecular weight of polyaniline can be substantially increased from that normally obtained (Mw ≈ 53 000) by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate at about 0 to 3 °C up to about 218 000 by the presence of selected dissolved neutral salts. A further increase up to Mw ≈ 385 000 can be obtained by carrying out the polymerization at about −40 °C. Similar results are obtained for the polymerization of o-methoxyaniline to yield a maximum Mw ≈ 221 000 at 0 to 3 °C and Mw ≈ 417 000 at about −40 °C. The results are consistent with a reduction in the rate of the initiation step in solution and an increase in the rate of the chain propagation step at the solid polymer/solution interface caused by Donnan equilibrium effects.