gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature Growth of Transparent and Conducting Tin Oxide Film by Photo-Chemical Vapor Deposition (1987)

For the first time, photo-CVD of transparent and conducting SnO 2 films has been achieved under irradiation by a low-pressure Hg lamp. It was confirmed that both resonance lines (254 nm, 185 nm) are effective for the activation of CVD-sources (O 2 , SnCl 4 , SbCl 5 ). The structural, electrical and optical properties of undoped and Sb-doped SnO 2 films prepared by the photo-CVD method were evaluated. Resistivity as low as 5.48×10 -3 ohm·cm with high optical transmission (80%) was obtained in Sb-doped SnO 2 films (80 nm in thickness).
Evidence for an NIH shift in oxidation of naphthalene by the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. strain JCM (1992)

The marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. strain JCM oxidized naphthalene predominantly to 1-naphthol. Experiments with [1-2H]naphthalene and [2-2H]naphthalene indicated that 1-naphthol was formed with 68 and 74% retention of deuterium, respectively. No significant isotope effect was observed when the organism was incubated with a 1:1 mixture of naphthalene and [2H8]naphthalene. The results indicate that 1-naphthol is formed through a naphthalene 1,2-oxide intermediate, which rearranges spontaneously via an NIH shift mechanism.
Emerging Memory Devices for Neuromorphic Computing (2019)

Abstract A neuromorphic computing system may be able to learn and perform a task on its own by interacting with its surroundings. Combining such a chip with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐based processors can potentially solve a variety of problems being faced by today's artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Although various architectures purely based on CMOS are designed to maximize the computing efficiency of AI‐based applications, the most fundamental operations including matrix multiplication and convolution heavily rely on the CMOS‐based multiply–accumulate units which are ultimately limited by the von Neumann bottleneck. Fortunately, many emerging memory devices can naturally perform vector matrix multiplication directly utilizing Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's law when an array of such devices is employed in a cross‐bar architecture. With certain dynamics, these devices can also be used either as synapses or neurons in a neuromorphic computing system. This paper discusses various emerging nanoscale electronic devices that can potentially reshape the computing paradigm in the near future.
Raising African American Boys: An Exploration of Parental Educational Practices and Beliefs (2014)

Abstract Although parent socialization practices are critical to children’s cognitive development, educational researchers know too little of how parental practices function to meet the specific challenges of supporting African American boys’ development. This chapter offers critical insights on how 15 parents of African American boys (ages 3–8) conceive and implement strategies for the development of their sons. Using structured interview data, this chapter highlights the ways in which they promoted an emerging academic identity. Findings reveal three forms of support – schools, emotional, and resource – that undergirded the academic socialization of the African American boys. Implications were offered to young African American boys in developing their academic identity.
Potential application of Periodically Aligned Liquid Crystal cell for projection displays (2005)

Transversely modulated nematic liquid crystal cell is suggested as an element of projection display. Equilibrium of the cell is studied and its optical performance is evaluated. High contrast ratio is predicted.
Characterization of two genes for the biosynthesis of the labdane diterpene <i>Z</i>‐abienol in tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum)</i> glandular trichomes (2012)

Leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are covered with glandular trichomes that produce sucrose esters and diterpenoids in varying quantities, depending on cultivar type. The bicyclic diterpene Z-abienol is the major labdanoid present in some oriental tobacco cultivars, where it constitutes a precursor of important flavours and aromas. We describe here the identification and characterization of two genes governing the biosynthesis of Z-abienol in N. tabacum. As for other angiosperm labdanoid diterpenes, the biosynthesis of Z-abienol proceeds in two steps. NtCPS2 encodes a class-II terpene synthase that synthesizes 8-hydroxy-copalyl diphosphate, and NtABS encodes a kaurene synthase-like (KSL) protein that uses 8-hydroxy-copalyl diphosphate to produce Z-abienol. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that NtABS belongs to a distinct clade of KSL proteins that comprises the recently identified tomato (Solanum habrochaites) santalene and bergamotene synthase. RT-PCR results show that both genes are preferentially expressed in trichomes. Moreover, microscopy of NtCPS2 promoter-GUS fusion transgenics demonstrated a high specificity of expression to trichome glandular cells. Ectopic expression of both genes, but not of either one alone, driven by a trichome-specific promoter in transgenic Nicotiana sylvestris conferred Z-abienol formation to this species, which does not normally produce it. Furthermore, sequence analysis of over 100 tobacco cultivars revealed polymorphisms in NtCPS2 that lead to a prematurely truncated protein in cultivars lacking Z-abienol, thus establishing NtCPS2 as a major gene controlling Z-abienol biosynthesis in tobacco. These results offer new perspectives for tobacco breeding and the metabolic engineering of labdanoid diterpenes, as well as for structure-function relationship studies of terpene synthases.
Real-time temporal stereo matching using iterative adaptive support weights (2013)

Stereo matching algorithms are nearly always designed to find matches between a single pair of images. A method is presented that was specifically designed to operate on sequences of images. This method considers the cost of matching image points in both the spatial and temporal domain. To maintain real-time operation, a temporal cost aggregation method is used to evaluate the likelihood of matches that is invariant with respect to the number of prior images being considered. This method has been implemented on massively parallel GPU hardware, and the implementation ranks as one of the fastest and most accurate real-time stereo matching methods as measured by the Middlebury stereo performance benchmark.
Multi-direction search algorithm for block-based motion estimation (2008)

Easily trapped in local minima is one of the well-known problems in search point pattern based fast block motion estimation algorithms. This problem is especially serious in one-at-a-time search (OTS) and block-based gradient descent search (BBGDS). These two algorithms can provide very high speedup ratio but with low robustness in prediction accuracy especially for sequences with complex motions. Multi-path search (MPS) using more than one path have been proposed to improve the robustness of BBGDS, but the computational requirement is much increased. To tackle this problem, a novel multi-directional gradient descent search (MDGDS) is proposed in this paper with use of multiple OTSs in eight directions. Basically, the proposed MDGDS performs eight one-dimensional gradient descent searches on the error surface and therefore can trace to the global minimum more efficiently. Experimental results show that a significant improvement in computation reduction can be achieved as compared with well-known fast block motion estimation algorithms.
Fluorinated Graphene Oxide; a New Multimodal Material for Biological Applications (2013)

Fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) is reported for the first time as a magnetically responsive drug carrier that can serve both as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic contrast agent, under preclinical settings, and as a type of photothermal therapy. Its hydrophilic nature facilitates biocompatibility. FGO as a broad wavelength absorber, with high charge transfer and strong non-linear scattering is optimal for NIR laser-induced hyperthermia.
Synthesis and Sintering of Cordierite from Kaolinite and Basic Magnesium Carbonate (1998)

Sintering behavior of the mixtures of kaolinite and basic magnesium carbonate (BMC) was investigated to obtain dense cordierite ceramics. Kaolinite and BMC were mixed by ball-milling in a molar ratio of nMgO⋅Al2O3⋅2SiO2 (n=0.8-1.4). Particularly fine mixtures were prepared by beads-milling after calcination. During firing of fine mixtures, magnesia disappeared completely by reaction with metakaolin to form amorphous particles below 900°C. Since the amorphous particles were very sinterable, the pressed specimens were densified up to about 90% at 900°C, and then μ-cordierite crystallized at about 940°C. Dense α-cordierite ceramics with relative density of≥95% were obtained at 1300°C from the mixtures of n=1.0-1.4, and the lowest linear thermal expansion coefficient was 2.2×10-6/K in the case of n=1.0, which is close to the composition of cordierite.
Fast algorithms for low-level vision (2003)

A computationally efficient recursive filtering structure is presented for smoothing and, calculating the first and second directional derivatives and the Laplacian of an image with a fixed number of operations per output element, independently of the size of the neighborhood considered. It is shown how the recursive approach results on an implementation of low-level vision algorithms that is very efficient in terms of computational effort and how it renders the use of multiresolution techniques very attractive. Applications to edge detection problem are considered, and a novel edge detector allowing zero-crossings of an image, to be extracted with only 14 operations per output element at any resolution is provided. The algorithms have been tested for indoor scenes and noisy images and gave very good results for all of them.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robust Optimization for Deep Regression (2015)

Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) have successfully contributed to improve the accuracy of regression-based methods for computer vision tasks such as human pose estimation, landmark localization, and object detection. The network optimization has been usually performed with L2 loss and without considering the impact of outliers on the training process, where an outlier in this context is defined by a sample estimation that lies at an abnormal distance from the other training sample estimations in the objective space. In this work, we propose a regression model with ConvNets that achieves robustness to such outliers by minimizing Tukey's biweight function, an M-estimator robust to outliers, as the loss function for the ConvNet. In addition to the robust loss, we introduce a coarse-to-fine model, which processes input images of progressively higher resolutions for improving the accuracy of the regressed values. In our experiments, we demonstrate faster convergence and better generalization of our robust loss function for the tasks of human pose estimation and age estimation from face images. We also show that the combination of the robust loss function with the coarse-to-fine model produces comparable or better results than current state-of-the-art approaches in four publicly available human pose estimation datasets.
Hybrid Hydrogels to Which Single-Stranded (ss) DNA Probe Is Incorporated Can Recognize Specific ssDNA (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTHybrid Hydrogels to Which Single-Stranded (ss) DNA Probe Is Incorporated Can Recognize Specific ssDNAYoshihiko Murakami and Mizuo MaedaView Author Information Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-Shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5, 1535–1537Publication Date (Web):February 9, 2005Publication History Received25 October 2004Revised20 January 2005Published online9 February 2005Published inissue 1 March 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma047803hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma047803hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1027Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Genetics,Hydrogels,Probes Get e-Alerts
Random Handwritten CAPTCHA: Web Security with a Difference (2012)

It is hard to believe a web form without a CAPTCHA. The web survival in this cut-throat competition is impossible without the mechanisms for blocking spam-boats. The spam-boats have now been made intelligent enough to break through machine printed CAPTCHAs. Handwritten CAPTCHA image can be one solution. In this paper handwritten CAPTCHA images have been used to enhance the web security. Introduction of randomness at various stages is proven to increase the recognition complexity for the spam boats, whereas the ease of recognition of handwritten words by human beings eventually increases the usefulness of such CAPTCHA. The technique used to produce colored image of handwritten letters also has randomness associated with it. The proposed CAPTCHA images contain alphanumeric content, one word with letters and a number with handwritten numerals. CAPTCHA images developed using proposed technique have been tested across various OCRs and online available resources as well..
THE INFLUENCE OF WATER TABLE LEVELS ON METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM PEATLAND SOILS (1989)

The evolution of carbon dioxide and methane was measured from laboratory columns packed with surface (0–30 cm) materials representing a fen, a bog and a swamp and with varying water tables and treated with water containing 10 mg L −1 dissolved organic carbon. Carbon dioxide evolution increased in a linear relationship as the water table was lowered, ranging from 0.3–0.5 g CO 2 m −2 d −1 to 6.6–9.4 g CO 2 m −2 d −1 for the water table at 10 cm above and 70 cm below the peat surface, respectively. Methane evolution decreased in a logarithmic relationship as the water table was lowered. The fen showed the highest rates of methane flux (28 mg CH 4 m −2 d −1 when inundated) and the bog the lowest (0.7 mg CH 4 m −2 d −1 when inundated). These differences appeared to be related to the acidity of the soils and their microbial characteristics. Molar ratios of carbon dioxide:methane evolution increased from 4 to 173 under inundated conditions to > 2500 when the water table was at a depth of 70 cm. Key words: Methane, carbon dioxide, water table, organic soils, peatlands
Schottky Source LDMOS - Electrical SOA Improvement through BJT Suppression (2020)

This paper introduces the first application of a Schottky source approach for the purpose of expanding the Electrical Safe Operating Area (E-SOA) of a HV Transistor. Replacing the conventional PN source with a Schottky source suppresses the parasitic BJT enabling significant improvement in the E-SOA, particularly for very fast pulses. Under these conditions, improvement in the trigger voltage and current of a 40V n-LDMOS is 5.6% and 117% respectively. The breakdown voltage of 57V is maintained and a competitive on-resistance of 31.5 mOhm.mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> achieved.
Improper inhaler technique is associated with poor asthma control and frequent emergency department visits (2013)

Improper asthma inhaler device use is associated with poor asthma control and more frequent ED visits. We also identified many avoidable risk factors leading to the improper use of inhaler devices among asthma patients visiting the ED.
Recent advances in the pharmacologic regulation of fertility in men. (1978)

Shales, clays, hydrogels, and tissues swell and shrink under changing osmotic conditions, which may lead to failure. The relationship between the presence of cracks and fluid flow has had little attention. The relationship between failure and osmotic conditions has had even less attention. The aim of this research is to study the effect of osmotic conditions on propagating discontinuities under different types of loads for saturated ionized porous media using the finite element method (FEM). Discontinuous functions are introduced in the shape functions of the FEM by partition of unity method, independently of the underlying mesh. Damage ahead of the crack-tip is introduced by a cohesive zone model. Tensile loading of a crack in an osmoelastic medium results in opening of the crack and high pressure gradients between the crack and the formation. The fluid flow in the crack is approximated by Couette flow. Results show that failure behavior depends highly on the load, permeability, (osmotic) prestress and the stiffness of the material. In some cases it is seen that when the crack propagation initiates, fluid is attracted to the crack-tip from the crack rather than from the surrounding medium causing the crack to close. The results show reasonable mesh-independent crack propagation for materials with a high stiffness. Stepwise crack propagation through the medium is seen due to consolidation, i.e., crack propagation alternates with pauses in which the fluid redistributes. This physical phenomenon challenges the numerical scheme. Furthermore, propagation is shown to depend on the osmotic prestressing of the medium. This mechanism may explain the tears observed in intervertebral disks as degeneration progresses.
Syntheses and antineoplastic effects of some N-substituted imides of 1-substituted 4-aryl-naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acids (1982)

Condensation of anhydrides Ia-d with primary amines, 2-hydroxyethylamine or formamide gave imides III-XXII . The formation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)imides was accompanied by replacement of the aromatic hydroxy group at position 1 by a 2-hydroxyethylamine residue ( XX , XXII . Reaction of the imides XIX and XX with thionyl chloride produced the corresponding 2-chloroethyl derivatives XXIII and XXIV . Alkylation of the imide II , or its alkali salt prepared in situ , by ethyl bromacetate in a homogenous medium or by 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl chloride in a biphasic medium, gave the imides XXV and XXVI , respectively. Condensation of the anhydrides Ia and/or Id with 1,2-diaminobenzene gave the respective imides XIII and XIV , and pentacyclic derivatives of 12 H -benz( f )isoindole[2,1- a ]benzimidazole-12-one ( XXVII and XXVIII , respectively) as mixtures of positional isomers. In biological evaluation for antineoplastic efficiacy in animals with experimental tumours the imide XX proved to have the widest range of application.
Cellular function of p70<sup>S6K</sup>: A role in regulating cell motility (2000)

The 70 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) is activated by numerous mitogens, growth factors and hormones. Activation of p70S6K occurs through phosphorylation at a number of sites and the primary target of the activated kinase is the 40S ribosomal protein S6, a major component of the machinery involved in protein synthesis in mammalian cells. In addition to its involvement in regulating translation, p70S6K activation has been implicated in cell cycle control and neuronal cell differentiation. Recent data obtained in this laboratory suggests that p70S6K may also function in regulating cell motility, a cellular response that is important in tumour metastases, the immune response and tissue repair. The present paper reviews the regulation and cellular function of p70S6K and proposes a novel function of p70S6K in regulating cell motility.
Mandibular Bone Block Harvesting from the Retromolar Region: A 10-Year Prospective Clinical Study (2015)

This study demonstrated that relatively large volumes of bone block graft can be retrieved in the mandible with a low complication rate. Reimplantation of half of the bone block offers the possibility for complete regeneration of the donor site.
International trends in research publications by perioperative nurses: A comparative analysis of three international perioperative nursing journals (2012)

It is well known that the translation of nursing research is becoming increasingly important as institutions aim towards providing best practice and improving quality care. Dissemination of new knowledge resulting from research through publication in journals is, therefore, vital to ensure utilisation of findings. This, in turn, will have an impact on the quality of care and the growth of the perioperative nursing speciality. As peer-reviewed journal articles undergo critical appraisal and can be widely accessed, they are regarded as the major, valid source of knowledge and evidence about best practice in our speciality. In addition, nursing publications are regarded as an essential component of continuing education for the nursing profession. Given the significance of the publication of recent research outcomes, this paper builds on a previous study by Della, Michael and Zhou, and reports on a comparative analysis of the research outputs in three major, international perioperative nursing journals for the five-year period spanning from June 2006 to June 2011. The findings revealed the ACORN Journal had the highest yearly percentage of research publication during the review period, as well as the highest percentage (41.1%) for the total of five years. This trend was followed by the AORN Journal, with the greatest number of research publications in the years 2006, 2008, 2010 and the percentage of 13.9% for the total amount of publications for the five years. The Journal of Perioperative Practice (JPP) published more research papers than the ACORN Journal in the years 2007, 2009 and 2011, but had a percentage of 12.8% for the total of the five years.The dominant research topic in all three journals focused on perioperative nursing practice followed by safety and quality. Although there was an increase in research publications in the JPP in 2011, there was a dramatic decrease in the ACORN and AORN Journals. Due to these results it is evident an increase in research publications in perioperative nursing journals is urgently required.
Virtual reality and its applications in robotics (2008)

This report is organised in five parts: (1) feature extraction (corners) from grey level images; (2)camera self-calibration using corners obtained from image sequences and; (3) error study on camera motion; (4) mobile robot navigation using image sequences; andl astly (5) range image segmentation using Genetic Algorithms.