gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semisynthetic bicyclomycin derivatives: Preparation and antibacterial evaluation. (1979)

A number of semisynthetic bicyclomycin derivatives have been prepared by modifications at various sites of the molecule. The preparation, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of the new compounds is described. In contrast to bicyclomycin itself, the new derivatives 48 and 58 are also active against Proteus species. Otherwise, the antibacterial potency of the bicyclomycin molecule was found to be very sensitive to structural changes.
A protecting group free and scalable approach towards total synthesis of (−)-venlafaxine (2014)

A protecting group free asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-venlafaxine is reported. The strategy employs Sharpless epoxidation and regio-selective epoxide ring opening by an <italic>in situ</italic> generated Gilman reagent as key steps. This paper reports a 53% overall yield in 6 steps for total synthesis of (−)-venlafaxine.
Synthetic Surfactant Protein Analogues (1998)

Surfactant preparations for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) that contain phospholipids and small amounts of the two hydrophobic proteins, SP-B and SP-C, are presently obtained from animal lungs. Since structural information about SP-B and SP-C is available, it appears possible to design analogues that can replace the native proteins in synthetic surfactants. SP-C contains a single helix, but analogues with the poly-Val sequence of the native molecule do not fold into a native-like alpha-helical conformation. However, replacement of all Val with Leu yields efficient folding into a helical structure and Leu-based SP-C analogues effectively accelerate spreading of surfactant lipids and exhibit some physiological activity in animal models of RDS. The inferior in vivo activity of synthetic surfactants containing SP-C only compared to that of surfactant preparations derived from natural sources may be caused by a lack of covalently linked palmitoyl groups in the analogues and/or absence of SP-B. SP-B is significantly larger than SP-C and has a tertiary fold of several amphipathic helices in a dimeric structure. A single simplified amphipathic helical peptide containing only Leu and Lys does not mimic the surface properties of SP-B in vitro. These circumstances make the design of SP-B analogues from solely structural considerations less likely to be successful than in the case of SP-C.
A Data-Driven Approach Enhances Conventional Reservoir Surveillance Methods for Waterflood Performance Management in the North Sea (2014)

Abstract Understanding and quantifying relative connections among injectors and producers is a key to improving reservoir performance under waterflood. Inter-well tracers were used to assess injector-producer connections in early days of development. A data-driven approach is a valuable process for estimating injector/producer connectivity as more wells are drilled. It offers a viable alternative to costly and challenging tracer operations in offshore environments such as the North Sea. BP’s Field of the Future Technology Flagship has developed an innovative approach for waterflood performance, Top-Down Waterflood (TDWF) Diagnostics and Optimization. This novel approach combines the Capacitance Resistivity Model (CRM) and BP’s proprietary event detection and association technology to quantify the connections between the injectors and the producers. This paper compares the use of inter-well tracer and streamline model with TDWF in a BP operated field (North Sea), using the value of injection water (VoiW) as the outcome of connectivity. Initially, the paper demonstrates evaluating the sensitivity of various CRM parameters, as well as selecting periods in a field’s history for comparison with tracer breakthrough data and streamline model results. The comparison to streamline and tracer results is made based on TDWF VoiW with no prior information on connectivity. For selected periods, CRM results mostly agree on connectivity with tracer and streamline results. Using injector events and producer responses (rate, pressure), we provide prior information to CRM which enhances the confidence in TDWF VoiW estimates and results in better consistency with tracer/streamline interpretations. The best strategy for enhancing waterflood performance management is the integration of the TDWF methodology with existing workflows, such as tracer and streamlines modelling. As a direct result of this study, TDWF will be used as a "virtual" inter-well tracer. The efficiency of the newest injector in the field then can be understood better without the need to conduct a tracer program.
Systolic VLSI for Kalman filters (1986)

A novel two-dimensional parallel computing method for real-time Kalman filtering is presented. The mathematical formulation of a Kalman filter algorithm is rearranged to be the type of Faddeev algorithm for generalizing signal processing. The data flow mapping from the Faddeev algorithm to a two-dimensional concurrent computing structure is developed. The architecture of the resulting processor cells is regular, simple, expandable, and therefore naturally suitable for VLSI chip implementation. The computing methodology and the two-dimensional systolic arrays are useful for Kalman filter applications as well as other matrix/vector based algebraic computations.
The pharmacology of recombinant GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors containing bovine α<sub>1</sub>, β<sub>1</sub>, γ<sub>2L</sub> sub‐units stably transfected into mouse fibroblast L‐cells (1992)

1. Responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were evoked in mouse fibroblast L-cells stably transfected with bovine, alpha 1, beta 1, gamma 2L sub-units of the GABAA receptor. Expression was stimulated via a steroid-inducible promoter system. 2. In near symmetrical intracellular and extracellular chloride concentrations, GABA evoked inward currents at negative holding potentials that reversed at +5 mV and displayed slight outward rectification. Concentration-response curves were fitted well by the logistic equation. GABA had a pEC50 = 5.1 +/- 0.1 and the curves had a slope of 1.9 +/- 0.1. 3. Responses to GABA were antagonized by bicuculline, picrotoxin and penicillin. The action of bicuculline was competitive (pA2 = 6.4) whilst the block by picrotoxin was uncompetitive and strongly agonist-dependent. 4. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists potentiated responses to 3 microM GABA. The rank order of potency was FG 8205 > flunitrazepam > zolpidem > C1218872. FG 8205 and C1218872 produced markedly lower maximal potentiations with efficacies 0.4 and 0.6 x that of flunitrazepam, respectively. The potencies of zolpidem and C1218872 observed are in agreement with the BZ1 type pharmacology of this sub-unit combination. The potentiation of GABA by flunitrazepam was antagonized by flumazenil with a Ki of 3.8 nM. 5. GABA responses were potentiated in the presence of pentobarbitone and alphaxalone. The response was also noticeably broadened by these compounds due to a decrease in the response decay rate. Concentrations of pentobarbitone of 100 microM and above evoked an inward current in the absence of GABA. Alphaxalone up to 10 microM did not evoke a direct response. 6. This expression system produced functional receptors that behaved in a fashion analogous to those found endogenously in other preparations. Thus, this system appears to provide a useful and versatile preparation for the analysis of sub-unit regulation of GABAA receptor pharmacology.
Gene mapping by haplotype pattern mining (2002)

Genetic markers are being increasingly utilized in gene mapping. The discovery of associations between markers and patient phenotypes - such as a disease status - enables the identification of potential disease gene loci. The rationale is that, in diseases with a reasonable genetic contribution, diseased individuals are more likely to have associated marker alleles near the disease susceptibility gene than control individuals. We describe a new gene mapping method-haplotype pattern mining (HPM) - that is based on discovering recurrent marker patterns. We define a class of useful haplotype patterns in genetic case-control data, give an algorithm for finding disease-associated haplotypes, and show how to use them to identify disease susceptibility loci. Experimental studies show that the method has good localization power in data sets with large degrees of phenocopies and with lots of missing and erroneous data. We also demonstrate how the method can be used to discover several genes simultaneously.
Control over Cement Setting Through the Use of Chemically Modified Fly Ash (2006)

The chemical treatment of Class C fly ash with a 0.2 wt% of CaCO 3 solution results in dramatic increase in setting time and superior stability during the induction period for cement slurries at temperature conditions relevant for down‐hole applications. The performance of the CaCO 3 treatment appears to be a consequence of each fly ash particle being provided with the necessary Ca prior to hydration without being dependant on cement‐fly ash particle interactions. Thus, the setting process is no longer dependent on the particle shape, packing and dispersion of the fly ash and cement. That with the extended setting times, the induction period follows almost ideal shape is most important for oil well applications where it is necessary to pump a specific viscosity slurry over large distances within a specific time, without changes in viscosity that would effect pump rates.
Opportunistic alignment of advertisement delivery with cellular basestation overloads (2011)

This paper is motivated by two observations: (1) cellular network operators are actively exploring advertisement delivery as a new means of revenue generation, and (2) cellular basestations perceive intermittent overloads at different times of day. Bringing the two observations together, we design and implement Opal, a novel system for opportunistically aligning advertisement delivery with basestation overload. Such alignment improves the overall perception of network availability for users. To achieve the alignment systematically, Opal builds on an analytical framework for tunable unavailability of network service to users during overload. At the same time, if the network is not overloaded enough during a certain period, Opal schedules enough advertisements to satisfy the advertisement delivery contracts. Opal minimizes the amount of state to be maintained to play advertisements to users uniformly and also maximizes the number of viewers for each advertisement. We implement a prototype of Opal on a Picochip based WiMAX testbed, and demonstrate its efficacy using simulations, analysis and prototype evaluation.
The diversity and evolutionary relationships of the pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, an aspartic proteinase subfamily consisting of many trophoblast-expressed genes (1997)

The pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are structurally related to the pepsins, thought to be restricted to the hooved (ungulate) mammals and characterized by being expressed specifically in the outer epithelial cell layer (chorion/trophectoderm) of the placenta. At least some PAGs are catalytically inactive as proteinases, although each appears to possess a cleft capable of binding peptides. By cloning expressed genes from ovine and bovine placental cDNA libraries, by Southern genomic blotting, by screening genomic libraries, and by using PCR to amplify portions of PAG genes from genomic DNA, we estimate that cattle, sheep, and most probably all ruminant Artiodactyla possess many, possibly 100 or more, PAG genes, many of which are placentally expressed. The PAGs are highly diverse in sequence, with regions of hypervariability confined largely to surface-exposed loops. Nonsynonymous (replacement) mutations in the regions of the genes coding for these hypervariable loop segments have accumulated at a higher rate than synonymous (silent) mutations. Construction of distance phylograms, based on comparisons of PAG and related aspartic proteinase amino acid sequences, suggests that much diversification of the PAG genes occurred after the divergence of the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla, but that at least one gene is represented outside the hooved species. The results also suggest that positive selection of duplicated genes has acted to provide considerable functional diversity among the PAGs, whose presence at the interface between the placenta and endometrium and in the maternal circulation indicates involvement in fetal-maternal interactions.
Editorial: Changing Concepts in Interstitial Cystitis (1997)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Editorial1 Sep 1997Editorial: Changing Concepts in Interstitial Cystitis Lowell C. Parsons Lowell C. ParsonsLowell C. Parsons View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64318-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial: Changing Concepts in Interstitial Cystitis." The Journal of Urology, 158(3), p. 794 References 1 : Abnormal sensitivity to intravesical potassium in interstitial cystitis and radiation cystitis.. Neurourol. Urodyam.1994; 13: 515. Google Scholar 2 : Epithelial coating techniques in the treatment of interstitial cystitis.. Urology1997; 49: 100. Google Scholar 3 : The use of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the treatment of interstitial cystitis.. J. Urol.1968; 98: 671. Google Scholar 4 : Hydroxyzine in the treatment of interstitial cystitis.. Urol. Clin. N. Amer.1994; 21: 113. Google Scholar University of California, San Diego Medical Center; San Diego, California.© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByBraunstein R, Shapiro E, Kaye J and Moldwin R (2018) The Role of Cystoscopy in the Diagnosis of Hunner's Ulcer DiseaseJournal of Urology, VOL. 180, NO. 4, (1383-1386), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008.BARBALIAS G, LIATSIKOS E, ATHANASOPOULOS A and NIKIFORIDIS G (2018) INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS: BLADDER TRAINING WITH INTRAVESICAL OXYBUTYNINJournal of Urology, VOL. 163, NO. 6, (1818-1822), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2000.WAXMAN J, SULAK P and KUEHL T (2018) CYSTOSCOPIC FINDINGS CONSISTENT WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS IN NORMAL WOMEN UNDERGOING TUBAL LIGATIONJournal of Urology, VOL. 160, NO. 5, (1663-1667), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1998. Volume 158Issue 3September 1997Page: 794 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Lowell C. Parsons More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Quantum dot device technology on GaAs: DFB lasers, tunable lasers, and SOA's (2003)

The characteristics of DFB lasers, external cavity tunable lasers, and semiconductor optical amplifiers are presented to demonstrate the versatility of GaAs-based quantum dot materials technology. For the DFB laser, a temperature-insensitive slope efficiency, low threshold, and feedback resistance are primary advantages. The external cavity tuned device has a 90 nm range, and the SOA demonstrates 18 dB gain and 9 ps gain recovery time.
Experimental investigation of pulse propagation through RMS width and pulse quality factor (2001)

Summary form only given. By using the analogy between paraxial free space diffraction and second-order dispersion, it has recently been proposed that the propagation of short laser pulses in dispersive materials could be characterized by the same tools that are used for beam propagation. It was shown that the tern poral duration and spectral width of short laser pulses could be specified by the root-mean-square (RMS) widths obtained through the evaluation of second-order moments. The evaluation of the RMS temporal width can be done directly using the data from standard autocorrelation measurements; there exists a simple relationship between the RMS width of a pulse and the RMS width of its autocorrelation trace, irrespective of the pulse shape. Hence the approach is free from any assumption on the functional form of the pulse temporal profile; furthermore it does not require the full characterization of the amplitude and phase of the pulse.Based on the analogy with laser beams, we will introduce the definition of a Pulse Quality Factor proportional to the product of the spectral and temporal RMS widths. Such a definition eliminates subjective interpretations of autocorrelation traces and allows the definition of a generalized dispersion length. We will show that the Pulse Quality Factor is more representative of the pulse quality than the more conventional timebandwidth product. The measurement of the Pulse Quality Factor is easily accessible through already widespread measurement techniques.
Efficient synthesis of virtual projections from a tomosynthesis data set using a 2D image processing method (2013)

A new algorithm is suggested to compute one or several virtual projection images directly from cone-beam data acquired in a tomosynthesis geometry. One main feature of this algorithm is that it does not involve the explicit reconstruction of a 3D volume, and a subsequent forward-projection operation, but rather operates using solely 2D image processing steps. The required 2D processing is furthermore based on the use of pre-computed entities, so that a significant speed-up in the computations can be obtained. The presented algorithm can be applied to a variety of CT geometries, and is here investigated for a mammography application, to simulate virtual mammograms from a set of low-dose tomosynthesis projection images. A first evaluation from real measured data is given.
Parametric studies of adaptive optics by self-interference incoherent digital holography (2014)

Adaptive optics (AO) in astronomical imaging is a technique to improve the quality of image by compensating aberrations induced by atmospheric turbulence. Digital holographic AO (DHAO) is one attractive option to implement AO scheme because it is capable of directly measuring the phase profile of aberration without complicated calculation or loss of resolution of CCD. Hence, if applicable, DHAO is expected to have advantages over traditional AO systems. Recent development of self-interference incoherent digital holography (SIDH) makes it possible to apply the concept of DHAO for an astronomical application where the illumination is incoherent and cannot be controlled. We have investigated the image characteristics according to various parameters of SIDH AO to derive optimum condition or design of the system. We observe not only well-known super-resolution property of SIDH but also interesting and significant improvement of noise behavior by aberration compensation. Because of many beneficial features, we expect that SIDH AO will be a useful tool for astronomical imaging.
Room-Temperature, Aqueous-Phase Fabrication of Poly(methacrylic acid) Brushes by UV-LED-Induced, Controlled Radical Polymerization with High Selectivity for Surface-Bound Species (2009)

Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were grafted from Si/SiO2 substrates by means of immobilized-photoiniferter-mediated controlled radical polymerization. The employed UV setup was based on ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), which allowed for a precise control of the brush height with irradiation time, as observed by in situ quartz crystal microbalance experiments with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). In contrast to many alternative approaches, it was shown that the novel UV source in combination with a photoiniferter renders lengthy postcleaning steps of the synthesized brushes unnecessary. Following characterization of the polymer layers by means of variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and static contact angle measurements, the lubrication properties of the PMAA brushes were investigated in macroscopic tribological experiments under low-contact-pressure, aqueous conditions. Results indicated that PMAA brushes have the potential to dramatically reduce sliding friction in an aqueous environment.
Statistics for optimal point prediction in natural images (2011)

Sensory systems exploit the statistical regularities of natural signals, and thus, a fundamental goal for understanding biological sensory systems, and creating artificial sensory systems, is to characterize the statistical structure of natural signals. Here, we use a simple conditional moment method to measure natural image statistics relevant for three fundamental visual tasks: (i) estimation of missing or occluded image points, (ii) estimation of a high-resolution image from a low-resolution image ("super resolution"), and (iii) estimation of a missing color channel. We use the conditional moment approach because it makes minimal invariance assumptions, can be applied to arbitrarily large sets of training data, and provides (given sufficient training data) the Bayes optimal estimators. The measurements reveal complex but systematic statistical regularities that can be exploited to substantially improve performance in the three tasks over what is possible with some standard image processing methods. Thus, it is likely that these statistics are exploited by the human visual system.
Great improvement of phase controlling of the entirely independent stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirrors by balancing the pump energies (2005)

For developing a beam combination laser with the stimulated Brillouin scattering-phase conjugate mirrors (SBS-PCMs), the phase control of the backward SBS waves is essentially required. We proposed a new effective and practical technique in previous works, in which entirely independent SBS-PCMs are used, so that there is no limit of the number of the beams for the beam combination laser. In this letter, we show that in the proposed technique, the phase of the SBS wave significantly depends on the pump energy and it can be stabilized—although the independently separate SBS-PCMs are used—provided that the pump energies are balanced under the density modulation. In this experimental work, the standard deviation of the relative phase difference between the SBS waves has been reduced less than λ∕30 by the amplitude dividing method to provide the pump beams with the nearly same energies.
Mid-infrared upconversion spectroscopy (2016)

Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is emerging as an attractive alternative to near-infrared or visible spectroscopy. MIR spectroscopy offers a unique possibility to probe the fundamental absorption bands of a large number of gases as well as the vibrational spectra of complex molecules. In this paper we discuss non-collinear upconversion as a means for obtaining MIR spectra in the 5–10 μm range with a resolution better than 20 cm−1 over the full interval using four discrete phase-match settings. A theoretical treatment of non-collinear upconversion is given and two different experimental implementations are tested.
HyperDex (2012)

Distributed key-value stores are now a standard component of high-performance web services and cloud computing applications. While key-value stores offer significant performance and scalability advantages compared to traditional databases, they achieve these properties through a restricted API that limits object retrieval---an object can only be retrieved by the (primary and only) key under which it was inserted. This paper presents HyperDex, a novel distributed key-value store that provides a unique search primitive that enables queries on secondary attributes. The key insight behind HyperDex is the concept of hyperspace hashing in which objects with multiple attributes are mapped into a multidimensional hyperspace. This mapping leads to efficient implementations not only for retrieval by primary key, but also for partially-specified secondary attribute searches and range queries. A novel chaining protocol enables the system to achieve strong consistency, maintain availability and guarantee fault tolerance. An evaluation of the full system shows that HyperDex is 12-13x faster than Cassandra and MongoDB for finding partially specified objects. Additionally, HyperDex achieves 2-4x higher throughput for get/put operations.