gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conversion of Waste Plastics (HDPE, PP and PS) to Produce Mixture of Hydrocarbons (2012)

Thermal conversion process was applied with three types of waste plastic mixture and waste plastics mixture to liquid hydrocarbon fuel production in present of oxygen under laboratory Labconco fume hood without adding any kind of catalyst. Utilization of the process described can reduce the impact of waste plastics significantly. Thermal decomposition of the most common plastics such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrenes (PS) has been conducted to produces a mixture of hydrocarbons. The thermal process applied of mixed waste plastics using a steel reactor at 25- 430â has been investigated. The reactor was connected with standard condensation unit with water circulator system. Waste plastics are broken down into shorter chain hydrocarbon compounds from long chains during the thermal conversion process without adding catalyst or chemical. Produced fuel was analysis by using GC/MS, FT-IR and DSC and from GC/MS analysis result showed hydrocarbon chain range C<SUB>3</SUB> to C<SUB>28</SUB> into fuel and produce fuel can be use as feed stock refinery or power plant for electricity generation or can use for internal combustion engine.
Improved 4H-silicon carbide Schottky diodes using multiple metal alloy contacts (2003)

In this paper we report on Schottky diodes fabricated in 4H-SiC. The diodes fabricated utilized a three metal layer at the Schottky interface and a two metal layer at the back ohmic contact. Results are compared to diodes fabricated previously using a single metal layer at both Schottky and ohmic interfaces. Comparison shows an improvement in barrier height consistency, breakdown voltage and reverse leakage current. Boron implantation was used to increase reverse breakdown via an edge termination. Breakdown voltages in excess of the measurement equipment maximum of 1000 V were achieved by 40% of the fabricated diodes post implantation.
The application of Voronoi skeletons to perceptual grouping in line images (2003)

Discusses the amenability of the medial axis transform (MAT) or skeleton to processes at the intermediate level, which organize low-level primitives to entities on a semantically higher level (perceptual grouping). Several properties of the MAT assist the effective handling of proximity and adjacency relationships. The authors focus on the wealth of information contained in a specific implementation of the MAT on the raster grid, henceforth denoted as Voronoi skeleton.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slot-coupled directional couplers between double-sided substrate microstrip lines and their applications (1988)

A slot-coupled microstrip directional coupler and its application to a planar multiport directional coupler (MDC) are described. This coupler can be applied to both loose coupling (e.g. 10 dB) and tight coupling (e.g. 3 dB). A four-port planar MDC fabricated by combining these couplers is described. Measured and calculated results are in agreement for both couplers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of multi-channel MAC protocols (2005)

This paper compares, through analysis and simulation, a number of multichannel MAC protocols for wireless networks. We first classify these protocols into 4 categories based on their principles of operation. We then examine the effects of the number of channels and devices, channel switching times, and traffic patterns on throughput and delay. Our study focuses on a single collision domain.
Mental Rotation of the Neuronal Population Vector (1989)

A rhesus monkey was trained to move its arm in a direction that was perpendicular to and counterclockwise from the direction of a target light that changed in position from trial to trial. Solution of this problem was hypothesized to involve the creation and mental rotation of an imagined movement vector from the direction of the light to the direction of the movement. This hypothesis was tested directly by recording the activity of cells in the motor cortex during performance of the task and computing the neuronal population vector in successive time intervals during the reaction time. The population vector rotated gradually counterclockwise from the direction of the light to the direction of the movement at an average rate of 732 degrees per second. These results provide direct, neural evidence for the mental rotation hypothesis and indicate that the neuronal population vector is a useful tool for "reading out" and identifying cognitive operations of neuronal ensembles.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics (2014)

Over 3,000 entriesAuthoritative and reliable, this A–Z reference work provides jargon-free definitions for even the most technical mathematical terms. With entries ranging from Achilles paradox to zero matrix, it covers all commonly encountered terms and concepts from pure and applied mathematics and statistics, for example, linear algebra, optimisation, nonlinear equations, and differential equations. In addition, there are entries on major mathematicians and on topics of more general interest, such as fractals, game theory, and chaos.Almost 200 new entries have been added to this edition, including terms such as arrow paradox, nested set, and symbolic logic. Useful appendices complement the A–Z dictionary and include lists of Greek letters, formulae, and tables of inequalities, moments of inertia, Roman numerals, a geometry summary, trigonometric values of special angles, probability distributions, and many more.
Ultrahigh-Capacity Lithium–Oxygen Batteries Enabled by Dry-Pressed Holey Graphene Air Cathodes (2017)

Lithium-oxygen (Li-O<sub>2</sub>) batteries have the highest theoretical energy density of all the Li-based energy storage systems, but many challenges prevent them from practical use. A major obstacle is the sluggish performance of the air cathode, where both oxygen reduction (discharge) and oxygen evolution (charge) reactions occur. Recently, there have been significant advances in the development of graphene-based air cathode materials with a large surface area and catalytically active for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, especially with additional catalysts or dopants. However, most studies reported so far have examined air cathodes with a limited areal mass loading rarely exceeding 1 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Despite the high gravimetric capacity values achieved, the actual (areal) capacities of those batteries were far from sufficient for practical applications. Here, we present the fabrication, performance, and mechanistic investigations of high-mass-loading (up to 10 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) graphene-based air electrodes for high-performance Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries. Such air electrodes could be easily prepared within minutes under solvent-free and binder-free conditions by compression-molding holey graphene materials because of their unique dry compressibility associated with in-plane holes on the graphene sheet. Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries with high air cathode mass loadings thus prepared exhibited excellent gravimetric capacity as well as ultrahigh areal capacity (as high as ∼40 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup>). The batteries were also cycled at a high curtailing areal capacity (2 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup>) and showed a better cycling stability for ultrathick cathodes than their thinner counterparts. Detailed post-mortem analyses of the electrodes clearly revealed the battery failure mechanisms under both primary and secondary modes, arising from the oxygen diffusion blockage and the catalytic site deactivation, respectively. These results strongly suggest that the dry-pressed holey graphene electrodes are a highly viable architectural platform for high-capacity, high-performance air cathodes in Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries of practical significance.
Multistep Energy Transfer in Single Molecular Photonic Wires (2004)

We demonstrate the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of an unidirectional photonic wire based on four highly efficient fluorescence energy-transfer steps (FRET) between five spectrally different chromophores covalently attached to double-stranded DNA. The DNA-based modular conception enables the introduction of various chromophores at well-defined positions and arbitrary interchromophore distances. While ensemble fluorescence measurements show overall FRET efficiencies between 15 and 30%, single-molecule spectroscopy performed on four spectrally separated detectors easily uncovers subpopulations that exhibit overall FRET efficiencies of up to approximately 90% across a distance of 13.6 nm and a spectral range of approximately 200 nm. Fluorescence trajectories of individual photonic wires show five different fluorescence intensity patterns which can be ascribed to successive photobleaching events.
Audiological, psychological and cognitive characteristics of tinnitus sufferers (2012)

Objective: Tinnitus is widespread amongst clients attending hearing clinics and has been associated with a range of physical and emotional disorders. This study was undertaken with the assumption that tinnitus has a negative impact on psychological well-being as well as on mental concentration of the person. Materials and Methods: Three groups were selected, comprising 10 participants each. Two groups consisted of subjects with tinnitus complaints. The first group had no hearing loss (Tinnitus group (TIG)), the second group had mild hearing loss (PTA >25, <40 dBHL) (Tinnitus group with hearing impairment (TWHIG)), and the third group had no tinnitus or hearing loss (Normal control group (NCG)). After an audiological assessment, the following questionnaires were administered: 1) nature of tinnitus questionnaire, 2) tinnitus reaction questionnaire, 3) the symptom checklist (SCL-90-R), and 4) cognitive failure questionnaire (CFQ). Out of these, four were administered to all tinnitus groups while only the last two were administered on NCG. The results of these tests were compared using a t- test. Results: Participants with tinnitus reported significantly more psychological distress symptoms and everyday cognitive failures than the control group. Conclusion: Our assumption about the potential negative impact of tinnitus on psychological well-being as well as on mental concentration is supported by our study results. Implication: The present study indicates that there is a greater need for providing counseling as well as psychological intervention to reduce stress and assistance in coping with the cognitive failures for persons with tinnitus.
Expression of a Unique Helios Isoform in Human Leukemia Cells (2002)

The purpose of the present study was to characterize the human Helios gene products expressed in leukemia cells. A 3.5 kb human Helios cDNA clone was isolated from a human T-cell cDNA library derived from the human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line JURKAT. This cDNA clone had a unique open reading frame (ORF) encoding a novel 304 amino acid (AA) peptide, which was designated as Helios 3. The sequence of the 289 AA C-terminal portion of Helios 3 downstream of V-16 is identical to the corresponding sequence found in Helios 1 and 2 and contains two zinc fingers. By contrast, the 15 AA N-terminal portion of Helios 3 is unique and does not contain the N-terminal zinc finger motifs that are conserved in Helios 1 and 2 as well as other previously identified members of the Ikaros family. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA fragments of the human Helios gene locus showed that Helios 3 is encoded by the same genomic locus as Helios 1 and 2. The expression of Helios 3 mRNA was not restricted to T-lineage ALL cells or another immunophenotypically distinct subset of leukemias. Helios 3 mRNA was expressed in freshly obtained primary leukemic cells from six of 15 children with newly diagnosed ALL. Helios 3 exhibited a unique protein interaction profile via its N-terminal portion, which may have biological significance in pathogenesis of human leukemias.
Taking a New Shot At a TB Vaccine (2011)

Eager to replace the current tuberculosis vaccine, scientists hope to push a slew of promising candidates through clinical trials—if the money can be found.
Good Medicine/Bad Medicine and the Law of Evidence: Is There a Role for Proof of Character, Propensity, Prior Bad Conduct in Medical Negligence Litigation? (2011)

There are many patients injured or who die as a result of medical negligence. The American Medical Association has reported results of a physician survey, revealing that more than forty percent of the physicians surveyed had a medical liability claim filed against them at some point in their careers. Certainly, some of these medical negligence claims are without merit. However, the meritorious claims implicate physician carelessness – the failure to comply with the applicable standard of care. Even if medical negligence claims are predictable, they are not the only professional problems facing physicians. Physicians admit patients to hospitals and practice medicine on hospital premises through grants of staff privileges. Physician misconduct or performance problems can lead to privilege suspension, limitation or revocation. Physicians also may suffer disciplinary problems. Disciplinary action is taken by regulatory bodies that investigate and adjudicate alleged violations of law, ethics or practice standards … . More than one study have identified multiple transgressions leading to discipline: negligence/incompetence, inappropriate prescribing, alcohol/drug use, sexual misconduct, unlicensed activity, fraud, mental/physical illness, misrepresentation of credentials. Assuming the truth of the lawsuit as an occupational hazard phenomenon, medical negligence litigation is common enough that a discussion of certain evidentiary issues is worthwhile. These issues relate to proof of physician character and reputation, propensity to practice medicine in a specific exemplary or substandard fashion, prior lawsuits, treatment of other patients and prior restrictions on privileges and licensing. Is there a place for proof of these matters in a medical negligence suit when the focus of the litigation is whether the defendant physician complied with the applicable standard of care in treating a particular patient at a particular time?
Lamination of Hardwood Composite Framing With an Emulsion Polymer-lsocyanate Adhesive and Radio-Frequency Curing (1987)

Composite framing msde from yellow-poplar and sweetgum parallel-laminated veneer and oriented flakeboard was effectively laminated with an emulsion polymer/isocyanate adhesive and radio-frequency curing at an assumed but typical range of material surface characteristics and factory assembly conditions.
A Novel Rhabdovirus Associated with Acute Hemorrhagic Fever in Central Africa (2012)

Deep sequencing was used to discover a novel rhabdovirus (Bas-Congo virus, or BASV) associated with a 2009 outbreak of 3 human cases of acute hemorrhagic fever in Mangala village, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Africa. The cases, presenting over a 3-week period, were characterized by abrupt disease onset, high fever, mucosal hemorrhage, and, in two patients, death within 3 days. BASV was detected in an acute serum sample from the lone survivor at a concentration of 1.09610 6 RNA copies/mL, and 98.2% of the genome was subsequently de novo assembled from ,140 million sequence reads. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BASV is highly divergent and shares less than 34% amino acid identity with any other rhabdovirus. High convalescent neutralizing antibody titers of .1:1000 were detected in the survivor and an asymptomatic nurse directly caring for him, both of whom were health care workers, suggesting the potential for humanto-human transmission of BASV. The natural animal reservoir host or arthropod vector and precise mode of transmission for the virus remain unclear. BASV is an emerging human pathogen associated with acute hemorrhagic fever in Africa.
Acenaphthene-triphenylamine (acceptor–donor) based luminophores for organic light emitting diodes: combined experimental and theoretical study (2021)

A series of acenaphthene derivatives were designed and synthesized by incorporating acenaphthene-imidazole as an electron-transporting moiety and triphenylamine (TPA) as a hole-transporting moieties. All the dyes showed a broad bluish-white to yellowish-orange emission with emission maxima in the range of 520–600 nm.
Economic sustainability and methodological evaluation of air asset (2014)

Sustainability is focused on balancing environmental, economic and social concerns in order to "meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.Poor air quality threatens not only the well-being of city-dwellers but our long -term productivity, as well, especially in terms of the quality of life, material and vegetation damage, reduced tourism to the country, discouraged foreign investments, among others.Further, loss of productivity due to pollution-related illnesses becomes a direct economic cost also.Peoples face the greatest health risk due to prolonged exposure to vehicular pollution inevitable in their livelihood.Continued exposure to high levels of common air pollutants such as ozone (O3), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) can result in serious health impacts.In this preliminary study, we analyze the methodological questions raised related with the cost of clean air asset valuation.
Calibration of the Relative Orientation between Multiple Depth Cameras Based on a Three-Dimensional Target (2019)

Depth cameras play a vital role in three-dimensional (3D) shape reconstruction, machine vision, augmented/virtual reality and other visual information-related fields. However, a single depth camera cannot obtain complete information about an object by itself due to the limitation of the camera's field of view. Multiple depth cameras can solve this problem by acquiring depth information from different viewpoints. In order to do so, they need to be calibrated to be able to accurately obtain the complete 3D information. However, traditional chessboard-based planar targets are not well suited for calibrating the relative orientations between multiple depth cameras, because the coordinates of different depth cameras need to be unified into a single coordinate system, and the multiple camera systems with a specific angle have a very small overlapping field of view. In this paper, we propose a 3D target-based multiple depth camera calibration method. Each plane of the 3D target is used to calibrate an independent depth camera. All planes of the 3D target are unified into a single coordinate system, which means the feature points on the calibration plane are also in one unified coordinate system. Using this 3D target, multiple depth cameras can be calibrated simultaneously. In this paper, a method of precise calibration using lidar is proposed. This method is not only applicable to the 3D target designed for the purposes of this paper, but it can also be applied to all 3D calibration objects consisting of planar chessboards. This method can significantly reduce the calibration error compared with traditional camera calibration methods. In addition, in order to reduce the influence of the infrared transmitter of the depth camera and improve its calibration accuracy, the calibration process of the depth camera is optimized. A series of calibration experiments were carried out, and the experimental results demonstrated the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Resorbable polyesters in cartilage engineering: Affinity and biocompatibility of polymer fiber structures to chondrocytes (1996)

The resorbable polymers polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are gaining increasing importance in tissue engineering and cell transplantation. The present investigation was focused on the biocompatibility and cell retaining behavior of PGA/poly-L-lactide (PLLA) (90/10) and PLLA nonwoven structures for the in vitro development of chondrocyte-polymer constructs. The effect of the relevant monomers to chondrocytes was analyzed. Type II collagen and poly-L-lysine were compared to improve loading of PGA/PLLA and PLLA polymer nonwovens with chondrocytes. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetra-zoliumbrom ide (MTT) test was applied for quantification. At concentrations above 2 mg/mL, glycolic acid was more cytotoxic than lactic acid. As shown by pH equilibration, the cytotoxic effect is not due merely to the acidity of the alpha-hydroxy acids. Regarding the degradation products, glycolic acid, and L(+) lactic acid, nonwovens of PLLA are more biocompatible with chondrocytes than nonwovens of polyglycolide. Collagen type II and poly-L-lysine generally improved cell seeding on resorbable polymers in tissue engineering; however, their efficiency varies depending on the type of fiber structure.
Advanced iodine laser concepts (1981)

The essential features of an advanced iodine laser are outlined. These are governed primarily by the proper choice of the stored inversion density of an amplifier and also by the means to enhance the energy extraction efficiency to values in excess of 50 percent. With these measures an amplifier chain with output energies in the kJ range and overall system efficiencies of almost 0.2 percent can be designed. This value is twice as high as that now achieved. As the laser-fusion experiments require a greater pulse duration variability than hitherto obtained, an oscillator pumped by an excimer laser is developed, allowing chain output pulse durations in the range from some 100 ps to several ns. The frequency conversion of iodine laser light by nonlinear interaction in crystals is also investigated.
Mechanism of RF plasma induced fragmentation of SiCl4 and surface functionalization of polymeric substrates from SiClx species (1996)

The generation of extremely reactive species of silylium (silicenium) ions under plasma conditions opens up new ways for surface modification, even of the most inert polymeric surfaces. To control the plasma-induced chemistry and to tailor new molecular surface architecture, the mechanism of formation of the active species of the discharge must be understood. In this work the plasma-induced molecular fragmentation of SiCl4 was studied and the surface functionalization of cellulose paper (CP), polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrates with silicon atom based active species was evaluated. Gas chromatograph mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and low Energy Electron MS (LEEMS) measurements carried out both on SiCl4 and on the molecular mixture resulting from the recombination of plasma generated species indicate that the most predominant fragments are SiCl3+ cations accompanied by SiCl2+ and SiCl+ species. Survey and high-resolution electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) data collected from plasma functionalized surfaces show significant silicon and oxygen atom content regardless of the nature of the substrates. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.