gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupled resonators on both sides of a printed circuit board and their applications (2006)

Coupled resonators formed on both sides of a printed circuit board (PCB) are proposed. In the resonators, the lower of the resonant frequencies of two coupled modes generated by strong coupling of the two resonators on opposite sides of the substrate is much smaller than that of a single resonator. In addition, by making use of the extremely large difference between the resonant frequencies, a resonator with small size and a good spurious characteristic is realized. In the present paper, of the structures with especially strong coupling, coupled resonators of open ring, multi-open ring, and spiral shapes are studied. From the point of view of resonator miniaturization and spurious characteristics, two coupled resonant frequencies are studied experimentally and by numerical simulation. As the substrate thickness is reduced, the coupling between the resonators becomes stronger, so that the lower resonant frequency f0 is reduced and the ratio f1/f2 of the first and second resonant frequencies of the resonator increases. Of the resonators studied, it is found experimentally that the resonant frequency is lowest in the spiral-shaped coupled resonator. Also, its f1/f0 is the largest, with a value of 3 or more. Further, the unloaded Q of the coupled resonators is measured. It is experimentally demonstrated that the spiral shape is advantageous in terms of the unloaded Q. Finally, a two-pole Chebyshev bandpass filter is fabricated using spiral coupled resonators. It is experimentally found that an excellent spurious characteristic can be realized. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(4): 51–59, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20164
A new model for rheumatoid arthritis? (2000)

A chance observation has led to the development of a new murine model for inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis is induced, and transferred, by T-cell-dependent antibodies to glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. This enzyme is expressed in all cells, and is detectable in serum. There are several similarities to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the murine disease. This elegant model raises several questions as to how and why a systemic response focuses inflammation so strongly on synovial joints. The model also re-introduces the possibility that antibodies to widely expressed self-proteins may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.
Calcium ions detection using miniaturized InN-based sensor (2012)

The packaging and integration of calcium ion (Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ) ISFET sensor chips is a challenge to sensor technology and materials. This study used ultrathin InN ion sensitive sensor (~10 nm) with gate region functionalized with phosphotyrosine (p-Tyr) to detect calcium ion (Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ) in aqueous solution. The miniaturized InN sensor provides to integrate with existing medical equipment for real-time and continuous monitoring of human blood, the sensor was miniaturized to 100 μm by 400 μm and integrated at the tip of hypodermic injection needle (18G). The sensor has current variation ratio of 1.11% with per decade change of Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> and a detection limit of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> M. The response time is 5 seconds.
Dual-sensor fusion for seamless indoor user localisation and tracking (2013)

Indoor localisation based on ubiquitous WLAN has exhibited the capability of being a cheap and relatively precise technology and has been verified by many successful examples. Its performance is subject to change due to multipath propagation and changes in the environment (people, building layouts, antenna characteristics etc.) which cannot be easily eliminated. This thesis addresses the automatic localisation of indoor user and proposes solutions for both positioning and seamlessly tracking a user using WLAN technology in addition to image sensing. By fusing these modalities we obtain better performance than using them individually. A fusion function designed to merge both analysis results into one semantic interpretation of user location is presented. Also a tracking approach based on an adaptive function that converts times between locations into probabilities and employs a Viterbi-based solution is proposed. An indoor localisation algorithm is described which is based on the creation of a database of WLAN signal strengths at pre-chosen calibration points (CPs). The need for fewer CPs than in standard methods is achieved due to the use of a novel interpolation algorithm, based on the specification of robust range and angle-dependent likelihood functions that describe the probability of a user being in the vicinity of each CP. The actual location of the user is estimated by solving a system of equations with two unknowns derived for a pair of CPs. Different pairs of CPs can be chosen to make several estimates which can then be combined to increase the accuracy of the estimate. The effectiveness of the fusion and the tracking approaches is evaluated on a very challenging dataset throughout a university building. Results that are presented demonstrate high accuracy that can be achieved. The methods are compared to several competing localisation methods and are shown to give superior results. The potential usefulness of this work is envisaged in a range of ambient assisted living applications including lifelogging and as an assistive technology for the memory or the visually impaired.
When schools reopen, don’t neglect recess (2020)

When schools reopen in the fall, students and adults will return carrying stress and trauma arising from the sudden school closings, the social isolation, and the illness and unrest that many experienced over the summer. Rebecca London urges elementary school leaders to attend to students’ mental health and emotional needs by offering recess time every day. The need for play will be especially great among students of color and students in low-income areas, many of whom had insufficient recess time in school before the pandemic.
Use of dissolved and vapor‐phase gases to investigate methanogenic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the subsurface (2005)

At many sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, methanogenesis is a significant degradation pathway. Techniques to estimate CH 4 production, consumption, and transport processes are needed to understand the geochemical system, provide a complete carbon mass balance, and quantify the hydrocarbon degradation rate. Dissolved and vapor‐phase gas data collected at a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site near Bemidji, Minnesota, demonstrate that naturally occurring nonreactive or relatively inert gases such as Ar and N 2 can be effectively used to better understand and quantify physical and chemical processes related to methanogenic activity in the subsurface. In the vadose zone, regions of Ar and N 2 depletion and enrichment are indicative of methanogenic and methanotrophic zones, and concentration gradients between the regions suggest that reaction‐induced advection can be an important gas transport process. In the saturated zone, dissolved Ar and N 2 concentrations are used to quantify degassing driven by methanogenesis and also suggest that attenuation of methane along the flow path, into the downgradient aquifer, is largely controlled by physical processes. Slight but discernable preferential depletion of N 2 over Ar, in both the saturated and unsaturated zones near the free‐phase oil, suggests reactivity of N 2 and is consistent with other evidence indicating that nitrogen fixation by microbial activity is taking place at this site.
Expression and Purification of Hydrophilic Domains of Bovine Anion Exchanger, Member 1 and Electrogenic Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter 1 (2009)

[Objective] To express and purify the intracellular hydrophilic domains of cattle membrane carrier proteins,anion exchanger,member 1(AE1)and electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1(NBCe1),which were associated with the transfer of HCO-3· [Method] The hydrophilic domains of bovine AE1 and NBCe1 were amplified respectively by PCR and inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a.Recombinant plasmids were transformed into the expression strain E.coli BL21(DE3)and then induced by IPTG.The expressed proteins were purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography and analyzed by 15% SDS-PAGE.[Result] The hydrophilic domains of bovine AE1 and NBCe1 were amplified respectively by PCR and expressed in prokaryotic expression system with the induction of IPTG.The proteins were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of E.coli and high-purity was achieved by Ni2+ affinity chromatography.[Conclusion] The expression of the hydrophilic domains of bovine AE1 and NBCe1 provides a major exit route for preparation of antibodies and the regulatory mechanisms of carrier proteins.
NalP-Mediated Proteolytic Release of Lactoferrin-Binding Protein B from the Meningococcal Cell Surface (2010)

Bacteria have developed several mechanisms for iron uptake during colonization of mammalian hosts, where the availability of free iron is limiting for growth. Neisseria meningitidis expresses under iron-limiting conditions a receptor complex consisting of the lactoferrin-binding proteins A (LbpA) and LbpB to acquire iron from lactoferrin, which is abundantly present on the mucosal surfaces of the human nasopharynx. LbpA is an integral outer membrane-embedded iron transporter, whereas LbpB is a cell surface-exposed lipoprotein. In this study, we demonstrate that LbpB is also released into the culture medium. We identified NalP, an autotransporter known to be involved in the processing of other autotransporters, as the protease responsible for LbpB release. This release of LbpB reduced the complement-mediated killing of the bacteria when incubated with an LbpB-specific bactericidal antiserum. Since antibodies directed against LbpB are found in convalescent-patient sera, the release of an immunogenic protein as LbpB may represent a novel means for N. meningitidis to escape the human immune response.
Adaptive Layerwise Quantization for Deep Neural Network Compression (2018)

Building efficient deep neural network models has become a hot-spot in recent years for deep learning research. Many works on network compression try to quantize a neural network with low bitwidth weights and activations. However, most of the existing network quantization methods set a fixed bitwidth for the whole network, which leads to large performance drop under high compression rate. In this paper we introduce an adaptive layerwise quantization method which quantizes the network with different bitwidth assigned to different layers. By using entropy of weights and activations as an importance indicator for each layer, we keep most of the layers under a high compression rate while a few most important layers receive more bit assignment. Experiments on CI-FAR10 and ImageNet2012 datasets demonstrate that our layerwise quantization could achieve smaller model size and less computation cost than the comparison fixed bitwidth methods with comparable accuracy, or higher accuracy with similar model size and computational complexity.
SR Flip-Flop Based Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) for Hardware Security (2018)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are now widely being used to uniquely identify Integrated Circuits (ICs). In this work, we propose a novel Set-Reset (SR) Flip-flop based PUF design. For a NAND gate based SR flip-flop, the input condition S (Set) = 1 and R (Reset) = 1 must be avoided as it is an inconsistent condition. When S=R=1 is applied followed by S=R=0, then the outputs Q and Q' undergo race condition and depending on the delays of the NAND gates in the feedback path, the output Q can settle at either 0 or 1. Because of process variations in an IC, the NAND delays are statistical in nature. Thus, for a given SR FF based $n$-bit register implemented in an IC, when we apply S=R=1 to all flip-flops followed by S=R=0, then we obtain an $n$ bit string that can be interpreted as a signature of the chip. Due to process variations, the signature is highly likely to be unique for an IC. We validated the proposed idea by SPICE-level simulations for 90nm, 45nm, and 32nm designs for both intra- and inter-chip variations to establish the robustness of the proposed PUF. Experimental results for 16-, 32-, 64-, and 128-bit registers based on Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed PUF is robust. The main advantage of the proposed PUF is that there is very little area overhead as we can reuse existing registers in the design.
The myocilin (MYOC) gene expression in the human trabecular meshwork (2000)

Myocilin gene is expressed clearly in the trabecular meshwork cells of both glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes.
Wasserstein Distance based Deep Adversarial Transfer Learning for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis (2019)

The demand of artificial intelligent adoption for condition-based maintenance strategy is astonishingly increased over the past few years. Intelligent fault diagnosis is one critical topic of maintenance solution for mechanical systems. Deep learning models, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been successfully applied to fault diagnosis tasks for mechanical systems and achieved promising results. However, for diverse working conditions in the industry, deep learning suffers two difficulties: one is that the well-defined (source domain) and new (target domain) datasets are with different feature distributions; another one is the fact that insufficient or no labelled data in target domain significantly reduce the accuracy of fault diagnosis. As a novel idea, deep transfer learning (DTL) is created to perform learning in the target domain by leveraging information from the relevant source domain. Inspired by Wasserstein distance of optimal transport, in this paper, we propose a novel DTL approach to intelligent fault diagnosis, namely Wasserstein Distance based Deep Transfer Learning (WD-DTL), to learn domain feature representations (generated by a CNN based feature extractor) and to minimize the distributions between the source and target domains through adversarial training. The effectiveness of the proposed WD-DTL is verified through 3 transfer scenarios and 16 transfer fault diagnosis experiments of both unsupervised and supervised (with insufficient labelled data) learning. We also provide a comprehensive analysis of the network visualization of those transfer tasks.
Providers and patients as activists (2020)

For transgender and gender-expansive people, medical transition is not a single event but a long and complex process involving constant exchanges between people, bureaucracy, and bodies. As patients pursue transition care, they must interact not only with healthcare staff but also with the intricacies of gender-normative healthcare bureaucracy as they move closer to achieving what they envision for their bodies. Further, every individual’s body possesses a unique biological history that shapes the body’s progression through transition. By understanding providers and patients as responsible for bringing bureaucracy into being, I bring the body into view as a key participant in the interactions providers and patients have with gender-normative bureaucracy in two Midwest gender-affirming health clinics with different organizational cultures. Through ethnographic observation of clinical appointments and routine bureaucratic practice, debriefing interviews with gender-expansive patients, and medical record analysis, this dissertation demonstrates how bodies shape gender-normative healthcare bureaucracy just as bureaucracy shapes patients’ bodies as patients pursue their transition plans. I call this co-embodiment of bureaucracy and the body bureaucratic encorpment. Recognizing the body as an equally active participant in the interactions providers and patients have with healthcare bureaucracy will refine efforts to target healthcare resources to these communities.
Conclusions (2012)

The trade-off between equality and growth is one of the big themes of political philosophy and economic thought. To some extent, this is a universal theme, which is always present in human affairs. Nonetheless, this dilemma became particularly acute in modern times, especially so in the twentieth century. John Rawls's outstanding classic, A Theory of Justice, was not only a timeless philosophical reflection, but also the product of a specific context. Rawls's essay might be interpreted as a defense of social democracy—when this ideology was both at the apex of its success and was being assaulted by economic problems and ideological renovation.1 If the dilemma between growth and equality was so intense in the twentieth century, this was the result of the extension of democracy in the Western World, understood not only as an extension of political rights but also of the social and economic inclusion of the popular classes. Argentina was not foreign to this process. One of the classic accounts of Argentina's modern history is, in fact, a narrative of the progressive inclusion of social sectors into the category of citizen, as the term is understood in a broad sense.2 But the process of democratization of Argentine society was a strained one, making the conflict between equality and growth particularly severe.3 KeywordsPolitical TrustEconomic EliteProgressive TaxationProgressive InclusionLatin American PoliticsThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
An Efficient MPLS-Based Source Routing Scheme in Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WAN) (2017)

Software Defined Networks (SDN) is a promising network paradigm that offers flexibility, efficiency and finegrained control over forwarding Elements (FE) by decoupling control and data planes. The forwarding decision is often made by the controller by managing flow table entries in the switches. Certainly, flow table management raises a lot of concerns and various schemes have been proposed such as the traditional Hopby-Hop Forwarding scheme. Studies have proved that this scheme may lead to performance degradation due to a huge control traffic and a massive flow table consumption. To reduce performance degradation, source routing was proposed. Unfortunately, this may also lead to significant bandwidth overhead, particularly in large-scale networks.This paper deals with the concept of source routing using MPLS labels. Basically, our scheme ensures flexibility and is suitable for application both in SD-LAN and SD-WAN by supporting various n-port switches (n ≥ 4). Using a MaxHop clustering algorithm, the network is divided into several sections. In each section, a trade-off between control traffic overhead, bandwidth overhead and flow table usage is achieved using a linear weighted scalarization of the Multi-Objective optimization problem. Finally, we present the θ-MOBO algorithm to be run by the controller. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms parallel solutions such as MPLS label-based forwarding [1] [2] and Hop-by-Hop forwarding [3] schemes in terms of the bandwidth overhead and flow rejection rate.
Simple fabrication of hydrophilic nanochannels using the chemical bonding between activated ultrathin PDMS layer and cover glass by oxygen plasma (2010)

This study describes a simple and low cost method for fabricating enclosed transparent hydrophilic nanochannels by coating low-viscosity PDMS (monoglycidyl ether-terminated polydimethylsiloxane) as an adhesion layer onto the surface of the nanotrenches that are molded with a urethane-based UV-curable polymer, Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA 63). In detail, the nanotrenches made of NOA 63 were replicated from a Si master mold and coated with 6 nm thick layer of PDMS. These nanotrenches underwent an oxygen plasma treatment and finally were bound to a cover glass by chemical bonding between silanol and hydroxyl groups. Hydrophobic recovery that is observed in the bulk PDMS was not observed in the thin film of PDMS on the mold and the PDMS-coated nanochannel maintained its surface hydrophilicity for at least one month. The potentials of the nanochannels for bioapplications were demonstrated by stretching λ-DNA (48,502 bp) in the channels. Therefore, this fabrication approach provides a practical solution for the simple fabrication of the nanochannels for bioapplications.
Identification of Putative Immunologic Targets for Colon Cancer Prevention Based on Conserved Gene Upregulation from Preinvasive to Malignant Lesions (2013)

The length of time required for preinvasive adenoma to progress to carcinoma, the immunogenicity of colorectal cancer (CRC), and the identification of high-risk populations make development and testing of a prophylactic vaccine for the prevention of CRC possible. We hypothesized that genes upregulated in adenoma relative to normal tissue, which maintained increased expression in CRC, would encode proteins suitable as putative targets for immunoprevention. We evaluated existing adenoma and CRC microarray datasets and identified 160 genes that were ≥2-fold upregulated in both adenoma and CRC relative to normal colon tissue. We further identified 23 genes that showed protein overexpression in colon adenoma and CRC based on literature review. Silencing the most highly upregulated genes, CDH3, CLDN1, KRT23, and MMP7, in adenoma and CRC cell lines resulted in a significant decrease in viability (P < 0.0001) and proliferation (P < 0.0001) as compared to controls and an increase in cellular apoptosis (P < 0.05 for CDH3, KRT23). Results were duplicated across cell lines representing microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator, and chromosomal instability phenotypes, suggesting immunologic elimination of cells expressing these proteins could impact the progression of all CRC phenotypes. To determine whether these proteins were immunogens, we interrogated sera from early stage CRC patients and controls and found significantly elevated CDH3 (P = 0.006), KRT23 (P = 0.0007), and MMP7 (P < 0.0001) serum immunoglobulin G in cases as compared to controls. These data show a high throughput approach to the identification of biologically relevant putative immunologic targets for CRC and identified three candidates suitable for vaccine development.
Extensions to phone-state decision-tree clustering: single tree and tagged clustering (2002)

The article describes two extensions to the "traditional" decision tree methods for clustering allophone HMM states in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems. The first, single tree clustering, combines all allophone states of all phones into a single tree. This can be used to improve the performance for very small systems. The single tree clustering structure can also be exploited for speaker and channel adaptation and is shown to provide a 30% reduction in the error rate for an LVCSR task under matched channel conditions and a greater reduction under mismatched channel conditions. The second, tagged clustering, is a mechanism for providing additional information to the clustering procedure. The tags are labels for any of a wide variety of factors, such as stress, placed on the triphones. These tags are then accessible to the clustering process. Small improvements in the recognition performance were obtained under certain conditions. Both methods can be combined.