gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of aicar (acadesine)-induced apoptosis in B-cell neoplasms. (2007)

A43 Mature B-cell neoplasms include B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZL), among others. We found that acadesine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICA) riboside, induced apoptosis in B-cell neoplasms and in normal B lymphocytes, but FL samples were resistant. T cells from these patients or from healthy donors were not affected (Campas et al. Blood 101: 3674, 2003; Campas et al. Leukemia 19: 292, 2005).  We have studied the mechanism of acadesine-induced apoptosis. Acadesine uptake and phosphorylation to ZMP are necessary to induce apoptosis in primary cells. The best known molecular target of ZMP described to date is adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Incubation of CLL, MCL, SMZL cells with acadesine induces phosphorylation in Thr172 and activation of AMPK, which correlates with induction of apoptosis. Acadesine enters FL cells as it induces phosphorylation of AMPK, however FL cells are resistant to acadesine-induced apoptosis. Moreover, phenformin and metformin induce AMPK phosphorylation but not induce apoptosis in CLL cells. The activation of AMPK is not sufficient for induction of apoptosis by acadesine in B-cell neoplasms. In CLL cells, CD40L or TPA, but not IL-4 or SDF1 inhibit acadesine-induced apoptosis. Acadesine inhibit neither AKT phosphorylation induced by TPA, IL-4, SDF1 or CD40L nor basal AKT phosphorylation.  Acadesine induces a conformational change in Bax protein, and citochrome c release to cytosol which is not inhibited by ZVAD.fmk. Moreover, acadesine induces changes in BCL-2 family members, such as proteolysis of BID and MCL-1 which is inhibited by ZVAD.fmk. Thus, acadesine activates the mitochondrial pathway to induce apoptosis in CLL cells. Finally, acadesine decreases ATP level on CLL cells which is not block by ZVAD.fmk. In conclusion, although further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of acadesine-induced apoptosis, we propose that acadesine may provide an effective treatment for mature B-cell neoplasms such as CLL, MCL and SMZL.
Rapid Thermal Synthesis of Silver Nanoprisms with Chemically Tailorable Thickness (2005)

Silver nanoprisms with a unimodal size distribution are synthesized through a novel thermal route that permits some control over nanoprism-edge length (see Figure). The influences of citrate, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), H2O2, and NaBH4 on the nanostructures are described. This protocol allows control over nanoprism thickness, an architectural parameter not accessible via known preparative methods for such structures. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c1086_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Broadband and high power monocycle terahertz pulse generation by χ(2) cascaded processes in LiNbO3 (2009)

We propose a novel technique for the generation of high power monocycle terahertz pulse beyond the excitation pulse width limitation. Optical pulse may get modulated by emitted intense THz electric field. This causes excitation pulse compression and consequently gives rise to the enhancement of generation efficiency and its bandwidth. We experimentally demonstrate this χ(2) cascaded processes using tilted wavefront excitation beam by LiNbO3 from Ti:Sapphire and Yb doped fiber laser.
Spherical Fourier Cell and Application for Optical True Time Delay (2009)

A new optical configuration for switching light beams called a spherical Fourier cell is explained. Its use for optical true time delay is outlined. An experimental apparatus was constructed for a 6-bit delay system, with 2 bits demonstrated. Delays of 0, 2.1, 4.1, and 6.2 ns were measured. Loss and crosstalk measurements are also given.
Identification of <scp>UBE3A</scp> Protein in <scp>CSF</scp> and Extracellular Space of the Hippocampus Suggest a Potential Novel Function in Synaptic Plasticity (2021)

Disruptions to the maternally inherited allele UBE3A, encoding for an E3 ubiquitin ligase, leads to the manifestation of Angelman Syndrome (AS). While this disorder is rare, the symptoms are severe and lifelong including but not limited to: intractable seizures, abnormal EEG's, ataxic gait, lack of speech, and most notably an abnormally happy demeanor with easily provoked laughter. Currently, little is known about the neurophysiological underpinnings of UBE3A leading to such globally severe phenotypes. Utilizing the newest AS rat model, comprised of a full UBE3A deletion, we aimed to elucidate novel mechanistic actions and potential therapeutic targets. This report demonstrates for the first time that catalytically active UBE3A protein is detectable within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of wild type rats but distinctly absent in AS rat CSF. Microdialysis within the rat hippocampus also showed that UBE3A protein is located in the interstitial fluid of wild type rat brains but absent in AS animals. This protein maintains catalytic activity and appears to be regulated in a dynamic activity-dependent manner. LAY SUMMARY: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by the loss of the UBE3A gene within the central nervous system. Although we have identified the gene responsible for AS, we still have a long way to go to fully understand its function in vivo. Here we report that UBE3A is present within normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but distinctly absent in AS CSF. Furthermore, we demonstrate that UBE3A is secreted and that this may occur in a dynamic activity-dependent fashion. Extracellular UBE3A maintained its ubiquitinating activity, thus suggesting that UBE3A may have a novel role outside of neurons. Autism Res 2021, 14: 645-655. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Cryptococcus neoformans Chitin Synthase 3 Plays a Critical Role in Dampening Host Inflammatory Responses (2020)

<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> infections are significant causes of morbidity and mortality among AIDS patients and the third most common invasive fungal infection in organ transplant recipients. One of the main interfaces between the fungus and the host is the fungal cell wall. The cryptococcal cell wall is unusual among human-pathogenic fungi in that the chitin is predominantly deacetylated to chitosan. Chitosan-deficient strains of <i>C. neoformans</i> were found to be avirulent and rapidly cleared from the murine lung. Moreover, infection with a chitosan-deficient <i>C. neoformans</i> strain lacking three chitin deacetylases (<i>cda1</i>Δ<i>cda2</i>Δ<i>cda3</i>Δ) was found to confer protective immunity to a subsequent challenge with a virulent wild-type counterpart. In addition to the chitin deacetylases, it was previously shown that chitin synthase 3 (Chs3) is also essential for chitin deacetylase-mediated formation of chitosan. Mice inoculated with the <i>chs3</i>Δ strain at a dose previously shown to induce protection with the <i>cda1</i>Δ<i>cda2</i>Δ<i>cda3</i>Δ strain die within 36 h after installation of the organism. Mortality was not dependent on viable fungi, as mice inoculated with a heat-killed preparation of the <i>chs3</i>Δ strain died at the same rate as mice inoculated with a live <i>chs3</i>Δ strain, suggesting that the rapid onset of death was host mediated, likely caused by an overexuberant immune response. Histology, cytokine profiling, and flow cytometry indicate a massive neutrophil influx in the mice inoculated with the <i>chs3</i>Δ strain. Mice depleted of neutrophils survived <i>chs3</i>Δ inoculation, indicating that death was neutrophil mediated. Altogether, these studies lead us to conclude that Chs3, along with chitosan, plays critical roles in dampening cryptococcus-induced host inflammatory responses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> is the most common disseminated fungal pathogen in AIDS patients, resulting in ∼200,000 deaths each year. There is a pressing need for new treatments for this infection, as current antifungal therapy is hampered by toxicity and/or the inability of the host's immune system to aid in resolution of the disease. An ideal target for new therapies is the fungal cell wall. The cryptococcal cell wall is different from the cell walls of many other pathogenic fungi in that it contains chitosan. Strains that have decreased chitosan are less pathogenic and strains that are deficient in chitosan are avirulent and can induce protective responses. In this study, we investigated the host responses to a <i>chs3Δ</i> strain, a chitosan-deficient strain, and found that mice inoculated with the <i>chs3Δ</i> strain all died within 36 h and that death was associated with an aberrant hyperinflammatory immune response driven by neutrophils, indicating that chitosan is critical in modulating the immune response to <i>Cryptococcus</i>.
Convergence of a common solution for broad ebolavirus neutralization by glycan cap-directed human antibodies (2021)

Antibodies that target the glycan cap epitope on the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP) are common in the adaptive response of survivors. A subset is known to be broadly neutralizing, but the details of their epitopes and basis for neutralization are not well understood. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of diverse glycan cap antibodies that variably synergize with GP base-binding antibodies. These structures describe a conserved site of vulnerability that anchors the mucin-like domains (MLDs) to the glycan cap, which we call the MLD anchor and cradle. Antibodies that bind to the MLD cradle share common features, including use of IGHV1-69 and IGHJ6 germline genes, which exploit hydrophobic residues and form β-hairpin structures to mimic the MLD anchor, disrupt MLD attachment, destabilize GP quaternary structure, and block cleavage events required for receptor binding. Our results provide a molecular basis for ebolavirus neutralization by broadly reactive glycan cap antibodies.
Evaluation of scoring accuracy for airway wall thickness (2009)

Bronchial wall thickening is commonly observed in airway diseases. One method often used to quantitatively evaluate wall thickening in CT images is to estimate the ratio of the bronchial wall to the accompanying artery, or BWA ratio, and then assign a severity score based on the ratio. Assessment by visual inspection is unfortunately limited to airways perpendicular or parallel to the scanning plane. With high-resolution images from multi-detector CT scanners, it becomes possible to assess airways in any orientation. We selected CT scans from 20 patients with mild to severe COPD. A computer system automatically segmented each bronchial tree and measured the bronchial wall thicknesses. Next, neighboring arteries were detected and measured to determine BWA ratios. A score characterizing the extent and severity of wall thickening within each lobe was computed according to recommendations by Sheehan et al [1]. Two experienced radiologists independently scored wall thickening using visual assessment. Spearman's rank correlation showed a non-significant negative correlation (r=-0.1) between the computer and the reader average (p=0.4), while the correlation between readers was significant at r=0.65 (p=0.001). We subsequently identified 24 lobes with high discrepancies between visual and automated scoring. The readers re-examined those lobes and measured wall thickness using electronic calipers on perpendicular cross sections, rather than visual assessment. Using this more objective standard of wall thickness, the reader estimates of wall thickening increased to reach a significant positive correlation with automated scoring of r=0.65 (p=0.001). These results indicate that subjectivity is an important problem with visual evaluation, and that visual inspection may frequently underestimate disease extent and severity. Given that a manual evaluation of all airways is infeasible in routine clinical practice, we argue that automated methods should be developed and utilized.
Level set surface editing operators (2002)

We present a level set framework for implementing editing operators for surfaces. Level set models are deformable implicit surfaces where the deformation of the surface is controlled by a speed function in the level set partial differential equation. In this paper we define a collection of speed functions that produce a set of surface editing operators. The speed functions describe the velocity at each point on the evolving surface in the direction of the surface normal. All of the information needed to deform a surface is encapsulated in the speed function, providing a simple, unified computational framework. The user combines pre-defined building blocks to create the desired speed function. The surface editing operators are quickly computed and may be applied both regionally and globally. The level set framework offers several advantages. 1) By construction, self-intersection cannot occur, which guarantees the generation of physically-realizable, simple, closed surfaces. 2) Level set models easily change topological genus, and 3) are free of the edge connectivity and mesh quality problems associated with mesh models. We present five examples of surface editing operators: blending, smoothing, sharpening, openings/closings and embossing. We demonstrate their effectiveness on several scanned objects and scan-converted models.
Growth hormone regulates leptin gene expression in bovine adipose tissue: correlation with adipose IGF-1 expression (2000)

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is secreted from white adipocytes and regulates food intake and whole-body energy metabolism. In rodents and humans, leptin gene expression is under complex endocrine and metabolic control, and is strongly influenced by energy balance. Growth hormone (GH) has myriad effects on adipose tissue metabolism. The primary aim of this study was to determine the ability of GH to regulate leptin mRNA expression in bovine adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of subcutaneous adipose tissue explants for 24 h with GH alone had no effect on bovine leptin gene expression, whereas high concentrations of insulin or dexamethasone (DEX) potently stimulated bovine leptin mRNA abundance. GH, in combination with high concentrations of insulin, DEX, or both, attenuated the ability of insulin or DEX to stimulate leptin expression in vitro. These data indicate that GH can indirectly regulate leptin expression in vitro by altering the adipose tissue response to insulin or DEX. We extended these studies to examine the ability of GH to regulate leptin expression in vivo, using young castrate male cattle treated with no hormone (control) or GH (200 micrograms/kg body weight per day) for 3 days. GH increased plasma GH and insulin concentrations, but not those of cortisol or non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. GH treatment increased adipose tissue leptin and IGF-1 mRNA concentrations (n=9, P>0.001). In addition, leptin abundance was highly correlated with adipose tissue IGF-1 mRNA in GH-treated animals (P>0.001). The timing of GH-induced changes in leptin gene expression preceded measurable GH effects on adiposity.
NanoStylus (2015)

Due to their limited input area, ultra-small devices, such as smartwatches, are even more prone to occlusion or the fat finger problem, than their larger counterparts, such as smart phones, tablets, and tabletop displays. We present NanoStylus -- a finger-mounted fine-tip stylus that enables fast and accurate pointing on a smartwatch with almost no occlusion. The NanoStylus is built from the circuitry of an active capacitive stylus, and mounted within a custom 3D-printed thimble-shaped housing unit. A sensor strip is mounted on each side of the device to enable additional gestures. A user study shows that NanoStylus reduces error rate by 80%, compared to traditional touch interaction and by 45%, compared to a traditional stylus. This high precision pointing capability, coupled with the implemented gesture sensing, gives us the opportunity to explore a rich set of interactive applications on a smartwatch form factor.
Beamforming with Imperfect CSI (2007)

With channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, beamforming can be used for spatial diversity and multiple spatial access. Due to latency and feedback bandwidth limitation, the CSI at the transmitter is often known with some ambiguity. In this paper, we develop a robust method for downlink beamforming that takes the ambiguity of the CSI into consideration. It is shown by computer simulation that, compared with the existing method, the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a 1% bit-error rate (BER) is reduced by over 2 dB for a system with 4 transmit antennas and 2 users when the variance of the CSI is -20 dB. The performance gain increases with the number of transmit antennas when the number of users is fixed. The required SNR for a 1% BER is reduced by over 4 dB if the the number of transmitter antennas is 8. We also study the impact of power allocation on the downlink beamforming.
Three Distinct Phases of Isoprene Formation during Growth and Sporulation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1999)

During growth on a glucose-tryptone medium, Bacillus subtilis 6051 (Marburg strain) exhibited three phases of isoprene (2-methyl-1, 3-butadiene) formation, corresponding to (i) glucose catabolism and secretion of acetoin, (ii) catabolism of acetoin, and (iii) the early stages of sporulation. These results establish an experimental system for studying the biological role of isoprene formation.
Sodium sulphur cells. [Carbon tube with solid metal core and liquid metal interface] (1976)

In a sodium--sulfur cell the cathode current collector in the sulfur/polysulfide cathodic reactant comprises a carbon or graphite tube containing a solid metal, e.g. aluminum, core and a liquid metal, e.g. tin or a tin--lead alloy, as a conducting interface between the carbon or graphite tube and the core. In a preferred construction, the current collector is axially located within a cylindrical electrolyte tube, the space between the electrolyte tube and graphite tube containing the sulfur/polysulfides and a graphite felt. The outer surface of the graphite tube in this case may have grooves or recesses to form a sulfur reservoir. 5 figures.
Lesion Detectability in Diagnostic Ultrasound with Short-Lag Spatial Coherence Imaging (2011)

We demonstrate a novel imaging technique, named short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging, which uses short distance (or lag) values of the coherence function of backscattered ultrasound to create images. Simulations using Field II are used to demonstrate the detection of lesions of varying sizes and contrasts with and without acoustical clutter in the backscattered data. B-mode and SLSC imaging are shown to be nearly equivalent in lesion detection, based on the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the lesion, in noise-free conditions. The CNR of the SLSC image, however, can be adjusted to achieve an optimal value at the expense of image smoothness and resolution. In the presence of acoustic clutter, SLSC imaging yields significantly higher CNR than B-mode imaging and maintains higher image quality than B-mode with increasing noise. Compression of SLSC images is shown to be required under high-noise conditions but is unnecessary under no- and low-noise conditions. SLSC imaging is applied to in vivo imaging of the carotid sheath and demonstrates significant gains in CNR as well as visualization of arterioles in the carotid sheath. SLSC imaging has a potential application to clutter rejection in ultrasonic imaging.
Vesper: Using Echo Analysis to Detect Man-in-the-Middle Attacks in LANs (2018)

The man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack is a cyber attack in which an attacker intercepts traffic, thus harming the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the network. It remains a popular attack vector due to its simplicity. However, existing solutions are either not portable, suffer from a high false positive rate, or simply not generic. In this paper, we propose Vesper: a novel plug-and-play MitM detector for local area networks. Vesper uses a technique inspired from impulse response analysis used in the domain of acoustic signal processing. Analogous to how echoes in a cave capture the shape and construction of the environment, so to can a short and intense pulse of ICMP echo requests model the link between two network hosts. Vesper uses neural networks called autoencoders to model the normal patterns of the echoed pulses and detect when the environment changes. Using this technique, Vesper is able to detect MitM attacks with high accuracy while incurring minimal network overhead. We evaluate Vesper on LANs consisting of video surveillance cameras, servers, and PC workstations. We also investigate several possible adversarial attacks against Vesper and demonstrate how Vesper mitigates these attacks.
Temperature Sensitive Gels as Size Selective Absorbants (1987)

Abstract We have used crosslinked polymer gels as extraction solvents for aqueous solutions. The gels swell to many times their dry weight by absorbing water and low molecular weight solutes, but excluding proteins and other high molecular weight solutes. The swollen gel is removed by filtration. When it is slightly warmed, it collapses, releasing most of the absorbed material. This sudden change of swelling with temperature occurs because the gel is near a critical point. After the gel is separated from the desorbed water by filtration, it is cooled and then can be reused.
Hollow Core Fibres and their Applications (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. J. Richardson, N. V. Wheeler, Y. Chen, J. R. Hayes, S. R. Sandoghchi, G. T. Jasion, T. D. Bradley, E. N. Fokoua, Z. Liu, R. Slavik, P. E. Horak, M. N. Petrovich, and F. Poletti, "Hollow Core Fibres and their Applications," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper Tu3H.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article