gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotube Detectors and Spectrometers for the Terahertz Range (2020)

We present the compact unified charge control model (UCCM) for carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) to enable the accurate simulation of the DC characteristics and plasmonic terahertz (THz) response in the CNTFETs. Accounting for the ambipolar nature of the carrier transport (n-type and p-type conductivity at positive and negative gate biases, respectively), we use n-type and p-type CNTFET non-linear equivalent circuits connected in parallel, representing the ambipolar conduction in the CNTFETs. This allows us to present a realistic non-linear model that is valid across the entire voltage range and is therefore suitable for the CNTFET design. The important feature of the model is that explicit equations for gate bias, current, mobility, and capacitance with smoothing parameters accurately describe the device operation near the transition from above- to below-threshold regimes, with scalability in device geometry. The DC performance in the proposed compact CNTFET model is validated by the comparison between the SPICE simulation and the experimental DC characteristics. The simulated THz response resulted from the validated CNTFET model is found to be in good agreement with the analytically calculated response and also reveals the bias and power dependent sub-THz response and relatively wide dynamic range for detection that could be suitable for THz detectors. The operation of CNTFET spectrometers in the THz frequency range is further demonstrated using the present model. The simulation exhibits that the CNT-based spectrometers can cover a broad THz frequency band from 0.1 to 3.08 THz. The model that has been incorporated into the circuit simulators enables the accurate assessment of DC performance and THz operation. Therefore, it can be used for the design and performance estimation of the CNTFETs and their integrated circuits operating in the THz regime.
A rationale for cystine supplementation in severe homocystinuria (2006)

Previous studies have shown that the thiol redox, as measured by the ratio of free/bound cyst(e)ine in unaffected individuals, remains relatively constant. In severe homocystinuria (HCU) where cyst(e)ine moieties are significantly reduced, this redox is only restored when homocyst(e)ine moieties are also taken into account. This appears to stem from an increase in the free/bound homocyst(e)ine ratio with free homocystine acting as a surrogate for free cystine. We examined these ratios in 47 patients (two with a cobalamin C defect, two with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, 16 with pyridoxine-responsive HCU and 27 with pyridoxine-nonresponsive HCU). Comparing free/bound homocyst(e)ine ratios to the total cysteine concentration indicates a relative increase of free homocystine as total cysteine concentrations fall below 170 micromol/L. This provides a rationale and treatment algorithm for cyst(e)ine supplementation in homocystinuria.
Automatic Stopword Generation using Contextual Semantics for Sentiment Analysis of Twitter (2014)

Abstract. In this paper we propose a semantic approach to automatically identify and remove stopwords from Twitter data. Unlike most existing approaches, which rely on outdated and context-insensitive stopword lists, our proposed approach considers the contextual semantics and sentiment of words in order to measure their discrimination power. Evaluation results on 6 Twitter datasets show that, removing our semantically identified stopwords from tweets, increases the binary sentiment classification performance over the classic pre-complied stopword list by 0.42 % and 0.94 % in accuracy and F-measure respectively. Also, our approach reduces the sentiment classifier’s feature space by 48.34 % and the dataset sparsity by 1.17%, on average, compared to the classic method.
Servo issues with continuous pregroove media (1992)

The use of continuous pregroove in optical disks creates various servo issues. This paper discusses some examples.
Learning Action Recognition Model from Depth and Skeleton Videos (2017)

Depth sensors open up possibilities of dealing with the human action recognition problem by providing 3D human skeleton data and depth images of the scene. Analysis of human actions based on 3D skeleton data has become popular recently, due to its robustness and view-invariant representation. However, the skeleton alone is insufficient to distinguish actions which involve human-object interactions. In this paper, we propose a deep model which efficiently models human-object interactions and intra-class variations under viewpoint changes. First, a human body-part model is introduced to transfer the depth appearances of body-parts to a shared view-invariant space. Second, an end-to-end learning framework is proposed which is able to effectively combine the view-invariant body-part representation from skeletal and depth images, and learn the relations between the human body-parts and the environmental objects, the interactions between different human body-parts, and the temporal structure of human actions. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed model against 15 existing techniques on two large benchmark human action recognition datasets including NTU RGB+D and UWA3DII. The Experimental results show that our technique provides a significant improvement over state-of-the-art methods.
RETRACTED: A convenient guideline to determine if two Y‐STR profiles are from the same lineage (2016)

Y chromosome STR loci are used in forensics primarily for identification purposes by determining the male lineages. The Henan province in China has established a large Y-STR (>200 000 profiles) database for criminal investigations. A large proportion of the Y-STR profiles in the database were generated using either the Applied Biosystems Yfiler(ۛ) or Yfiler(ۛ) Plus PCR Amplification kits. The additional loci in the Yfiler Plus kit as compared to the Yfiler kit results in a concomitant cumulative mutation rate increase across the loci. Therefore, in those cases when two profiles have one to a few mismatched loci, it is difficult to determine if they are from the same lineage. In this study, 7405 unrelated male profiles were manually selected from the database. Analysis showed higher power of discrimination than the corresponding Yfiler haplotypes. Further, the distributions of the number of mismatched loci and the mismatched steps were generated for father-son, grandfather-grandson, uncle-nephew, and cousins (i.e. one, two, three, and four meioses, respectively) by exhaustive pairwise comparison of the unrelated profiles using a dynamic programming approach. The same distributions were generated for unrelated pairs with mutation rates of the loci. With the distributions, the false negative and false positive rates were determined. Two Yfiler profiles with ≤2 mismatched loci or ≤2 steps are more likely from the same lineage than unrelated lineages, and two Yfiler Plus profiles with ≤4 mismatched loci or ≤5 mismatched steps are more likely from the same lineage.
The Mannich Reaction of Poly(acrylamide) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mannich Reaction of Poly(acrylamide)C. J. McDonald and R. H. BeaverCite this: Macromolecules 1979, 12, 2, 203–208Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60068a007Request reuse permissionsArticle Views602Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (684 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Statistical relational databases: normal forms (1991)

Problems associated with defining normal forms of relational tables relevant to statistical processing are discussed. The concepts of derived identifier, class identifier, derived class-counts, count domains, compact domains, and uniform domains for statistical relational tables are introduced. The structures of the first and the second statistical-normal forms and the relational decompositions needed to achieve them are also discussed. It is shown that the statistical-normal form can be an important method to determine whether the usual statistical analysis techniques are valid. Some suggestions are presented for extending the structured query language (SQL) statements to achieve these operations on statistical relational tables. Some results linking Codd's normal forms with statistical normal forms are discussed. Relational statistical abnormalities, called outlyers, are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NADPH oxidase activity is essential for Keap1/Nrf2-mediated induction of GCLC in response to 2-indol-3-yl-methylenequinuclidin-3-ols. (2003)

Glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of glutathione, represents an important component of chemoprevention paradigms. GCLC and GCLM, the genes encoding glutamate cysteine ligase subunits, are induced by indoles, such as indomethacin. Novel functionalized indole analogues and other structurally related compounds were synthesized and used for a comparative structure analysis of GCLC induction. Use of mouse embryo fibroblasts null for Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2p45-related transcription factor) and HepG2 cells overexpressing Keap1 demonstrated that indole analogue-mediated GCLC expression was regulated by Nrf2-Keap1 interactions. Indole analogues capable of inducing GCLC were found to increase NADPH oxidase activity. Indole analogues unable to induce GCLC did not increase oxidase activity. HepG2 cells transfected with FLAG/Keap1 were exposed to indomethacin, and the redox state of Keap1 cysteine residues was assessed. The data indicated that Keap1 exhibited several oxidation states that were sensitive to indomethacin treatment. These indomethacin-mediated changes in thiol oxidation states were suppressed by diphenyleneiodonium, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Diphenyleneiodonium also suppressed indole analogue-mediated increases in GCLC mRNA. In summary, the use of the indole analogues identified NADPH oxidase activity as a novel upstream activity regulating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling of GCLC, provided data supporting the hypothesis that Keap1 is a downstream effector for oxidase activity, and afforded in vivo data to support the hypothesis that Keap1 thiols can act as molecular sensors of reactive oxygen species. Finally, the comparative structure analysis suggests that 2-indol-3-yl-methylenequinuclidin-3-ols may represent a prototype for the development of novel chemopreventative agents able to activate Keap1/Nrf2 signaling.
Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of West Nile Virus in North America (2013)

West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York in 1999 and rapidly spread throughout North America and into parts of Central and South America. Displacement of the original New York (NY99) genotype by the North America/West Nile 2002 (NA/WN02) genotype occurred in 2002 with subsequent identification of a novel genotype in 2003 in isolates collected from the southwestern Unites States region (SW/WN03 genotype). Both genotypes co-circulate to date. Subsequent WNV surveillance studies have confirmed additional genotypes in the United States that have become extinct due to lack of a selective advantage or stochastic effect; however, the dynamic emergence, displacement, and extinction of multiple WNV genotypes in the US from 1999-2012 indicates the continued evolution of WNV in North America.
Line edge and width roughness smoothing by plasma treatment (2013)

Smoothing effects of post-litho plasma treatment on 22nm lines and spaces are evaluated for two types of EUV photo resists. This paper shows that different plasma conditions will be required to obtain a similar or better roughness reduction as previously reported for 30 nm lines. A first screening indicates a reduction in LWR of about 10% by using a H<sub>2</sub> plasma smoothing process. This smoothing is mainly triggered by the synergy of H<sub>2</sub> radical and ionic species during plasma treatment. Moreover the smoothing process is highly dependent on the polymer chemistry.
Electron acceleration by an electromagnetic wave with a static magnetic field (1990)

A new mechanism is presented for highenergy electron acceleration by an electromagnetic (EM) wave with a static magnetic(B) field.Numerical analyses and simulations show that this mechanism works well for high-energy-electron acceleration.
Mammary adipocytes stimulate breast cancer invasion through metabolic remodeling of tumor cells (2017)

In breast cancer, a key feature of peritumoral adipocytes is their loss of lipid content observed both in vitro and in human tumors. The free fatty acids (FFAs), released by adipocytes after lipolysis induced by tumor secretions, are transferred and stored in tumor cells as triglycerides in lipid droplets. In tumor cell lines, we demonstrate that FFAs can be released over time from lipid droplets through an adipose triglyceride lipase-dependent (ATGL-dependent) lipolytic pathway. In vivo, ATGL is expressed in human tumors where its expression correlates with tumor aggressiveness and is upregulated by contact with adipocytes. The released FFAs are then used for fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), an active process in cancer but not normal breast epithelial cells, and regulated by coculture with adipocytes. However, in cocultivated cells, FAO is uncoupled from ATP production, leading to AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase activation, a circle that maintains this state of metabolic remodeling. The increased invasive capacities of tumor cells induced by coculture are completely abrogated by inhibition of the coupled ATGL-dependent lipolysis/FAO pathways. These results show a complex metabolic symbiosis between tumor-surrounding adipocytes and cancer cells that stimulate their invasiveness, highlighting ATGL as a potential therapeutic target to impede breast cancer progression.
The Anatomy of the Root System in West Indian Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.) Cultivars (1973)

The comparative anatomy of different root types including tuberous roots and tubers in the root system of a West Indian sweet potato cultivar cv. 049 is described, and tissue distribution in mature tubers compared with five other local cultivars. Anatomical events leading to tuber initiation and tuber growth to maturity are outlined and the anatomical specialization of the sweet potato tuberous root, particularly in the development of translocatory tissues in the ‘tuber stalk’ and in adventitious bud genesis, is described. Possible relationships between the anatomy of tuber development and final tuber yield are discussed.
MicroRNA-195 regulates proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and autophagy of endothelial progenitor cells by targeting GABARAPL1 (2016)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common type of venous thrombosis. Successful resolution of DVT-related thrombi is important in the treatment of DVT. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic choice for DVT-related thrombus resolution; however, the clinical application of EPCs faces many challenges. In the present study, the expression of miR-582, miR-195 and miR-532 under hypoxic or normoxic conditions was measured using quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) and the results showed that the increased fold of miR-195 was highest in human EPCs (hEPCs) under hypoxic conditions. Then the role and regulating mechanism of miR-195 in improving the function of EPCs was investigated. To investigate the effect of miR-195 inhibition on the autophagy of hEPCs, the expression of the autophagy-related genes LC3B and beclin1 was examined using western blotting, and the formation of autophagosomes was observed using TEM. The results indicated that the inhibition of miR-195 expression could promote autophagy of hEPCs. In addition, we investigated the role of miR-195 on the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of hEPCs under hypoxia. The results revealed that miR-195 inhibition promotes cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of hEPCs under hypoxia. Furthermore, GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1 (GABARAPL1) was identified as a directed target of miR-195 and GABARAPL1 silencing could decrease the effect of miR-195 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and autophagy of hEPCs under hypoxia. Together, these results indicate that miR-195 regulates cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and autophagy of hEPCs by targeting GABARAPL1.
Novel 4-(Aryloxy)tetrahydropyridine Analogs of MPTP as Monoamine Oxidase A and B Substrates (1994)

The exceptionally good monoamine oxidase (MAO) substrate properties of several 4-(arylmethyl)-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives related to the neurotoxin MPTP have prompted studies to evaluate the corresponding properties of tetrahydropyridine derivatives bearing heteroatom-linked groups at C-4. The expected dihydropyridinium metabolites generated from these MAO-A- and MAO-B-catalyzed oxidations of the 4-(aryloxy)tetrahydropyridine analogs were found to undergo rapid hydrolytic cleavage to yield the corresponding arenol and 1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridone, a species that could be monitored spectrophotometrically. We have exploited this reaction sequence to probe the active sites of beef liver MAO-B and human placental MAO-A with a variety of 4-(aryloxy)-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives. The results are discussed in relationship to recently published reports describing the MAO-A vs MAO-B selectivity of various 4-(arylmethyl)tetrahydropyridine derivatives.
A Comparison of Auditory and Tactual Presentation of a Single-Band Envelope Cue as a Supplement to Speechreading (1995)

Research on auditory supplements to speechreading has clearly demonstrated that even highly simplified auditory signals can lead to substantial improvements in intelligibility. In general, the effects observed with such auditory supplements are greater than those typically observed with tactual aids to speechreading. The purpose of the current study was to compare benefits to speechreading of a supplementary low bandwidth signal presented through either the auditory or tactual system. The supplementary signal, which consisted of a 200 Hz carrier amplitude modulated by the envelope of an octave band of speech centered at 500 Hz, was presented through a high-performance single-channel vibrator for tactual stimulation or through headphones for auditory stimulation. Performance of normal-hearing subjects on the reception of words in sentences and the reception of several suprasegmental properties was examined under conditions of speechreading alone and speechreading supplemented by either the auditory or tactual signal. Benefits to speechreading were observed with both the auditory and tactual supplements for the reception of words in sentences. The size of the benefit observe d with the tactual signal was roughly one-third of that observed with the auditory signal. In suprasegmental tests of the ability to discriminate rising from falling pitch contours and the location of the stressed word in a short phrase, neither the auditory nor tactual supplement resulted in improvements in performance over speechreading alone. Possible explanations for the differential effects obtained for auditory and tactual presentation of the same envelope cue are discussed.
Magnet Temperature Estimation in Surface PM Machines Using High-Frequency Signal Injection (2010)

This paper proposes a method to estimate the magnet temperature in surface permanent-magnet machines using high-frequency carrier signal injection. The injection of a high-frequency signal, superimposed on the fundamental excitation, allows the estimation of the stator high-frequency impedance, which is a function of both the stator and rotor impedances. The temperature of the magnets is shown to have a significant weight on the overall stator high-frequency impedance, from which it can be estimated. The high-frequency carrier signal is injected intermittently in order to minimize potential adverse effects on the normal operation of the machine. This paper first explains the physics behind the magnet temperature dependence. Then, the principles of the method, as well as its practical implementation, are discussed. Experimental verification of the method is provided.
Internal radio-frequency Instrumentation System (IRIS): RFID-enabled wireless vehicle instrumentation (2017)

Wireless instrumentation has long been sought for spaceflight applications, but practical implementations capable of providing the utility of wired sensors have proven elusive. The power needed to drive transmitters/receivers in traditional “active” wireless sensor radios requires either frequent battery replacement or prohibitive duty cycling. This prevents installing such sensors early in a vehicle's integration and treating them as always-on throughout its operation. “Passive” solutions such as radio frequency identification (RFID) techniques provide an appealing alternative, though most common RFID sensing approaches such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) RFID do not lend themselves easily to integrating arbitrary suites of sensors and sensor processors. In this paper we detail the design, fabrication, and evaluatioan of the Internal Radio-frequency Instrumentation System (IRIS), an RFID-enabled instrumentation solution that integrates an EPC Global Class 1 Generation 2 interface with processor-based wireless sensors. IRIS thermocouple sensors can operate in a low-power hibernation state with instantaneous over-the-air wakeup for nearly a decade on a small (255 mAh) coin cell battery. In their active state, they can acquire and stream 10 Hz data for more than 200 days. This allows wireless sensors to be installed and powered on early in vehicle integration and continue to operate after launch through a lengthy mission, opening the vehicle design trade space to wireless sensing in a meaningful and unprecedented way.