gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maat: A Platform Service for Measurement and Attestation (2017)

Software integrity measurement and attestation (M&A) are critical technologies for evaluating the trustworthiness of software platforms. To best support these technologies, next generation systems must provide a centralized service for securely selecting, collecting, and evaluating integrity measurements. Centralization of M&A avoids duplication, minimizes security risks to the system, and ensures correct ad- ministration of integrity policies and systems. This paper details the desirable features and properties of such a system, and introduces Maat, a prototype implementation of an M&A service that meets these properties. Maat is a platform service that provides a centralized policy-driven framework for determining which measurement tools and protocols to use to meet the needs of a given integrity evaluation. Maat simplifies the task of integrating integrity measurements into a range of larger trust decisions such as authentication, network access control, or delegated computations.
Pressure Ulcers: A Patient Safety Issue (2008)

The prevention of pressure ulcers represents a marker of quality of care. Pressure ulcers are a major nurse-sensitive outcome. Hence, nursing care has a major effect on pressure ulcer development and prevention. Prevention of pressure ulcers often involves the use of low technology, but vigilant care is required to address the most consistently reported risk factors for development of pressure ulcers. The literature suggested that not all pressure ulcers can be prevented, but the use of comprehensive pressure ulcer programs can prevent the majority of pressure ulcers. When the pressure ulcer develops, the goals of healing or preventing deterioration and infection are paramount. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine optimal management strategies dependent on stage and comorbidities/severity of illness. Nursing remains at the forefront of protecting and safeguarding the patient from pressure ulcers.
Semiquantitative Correction of Posttraumatic Enophthalmos with Sliced Cartilage Grafts (1989)

A simple surgical technique for correcting posttraumatic enophthalmos is described. The steps are as follows: (1) a plaster mold is obtained of the patient's face, (2) wax is added to the enophthalmic eye of the plaster mold until it becomes symmetrical, (3) the quantity of wax is measured, and (4) the same amount of sliced costal cartilage is implanted beneath the periosteum of the extended orbital wall behind the vertical axis of the globe. Using this technique, we have successfully treated six patients with traumatic orbital floor defects without complication. This approach is useful for decreasing the orbital volume using a semiquantitative procedure to estimate the amount of graft material required. In this respect, costal cartilage demonstrates a marked advantage, with stability and cosmetic appearance verified over 12 months of follow-up.
Effects of homogenization pressure on the survival and growth of some food spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms (1994)

The effectiveness of pressures ranging from 150 to 2000 bar, applied by means of a continuous homogenizer, on the cell viability of spoilage or pathogenic micro‐organisms, was evaluated. Moreover, the effects of microstructural modifications of food systems associated with the treatments on cell viability and on its subsequent evolution were investigated. Modulation of the homogenization pressure allowed strong instantaneous reductions of the initial numbers of Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus subtilis and the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The combined effects of the initial pressure treatment and space reduction, resulting from the microstructural modifications of food systems, increased the safety and the shelf‐life both of water in oil and oil in water emulsions.
Contribution of p53-Dependent Caspase Activation to Neuronal Cell Death Declines with Neuronal Maturation (1999)

Caspases play a pivotal role in neuronal cell death during development and after trophic factor withdrawal. However, the mechanisms regulating caspase activity and the role played by caspase activation in response to neuronal injury is poorly understood. The tumor suppressor gene p53 has been implicated in the loss of neuronal viability caused by excitotoxic and DNA damaging agents. In the present study we determined if p53-mediated neuronal cell death required caspase activation. DNA damage increased caspase activity in both cultured embryonic telencephalic and postnatal cortical neurons in a p53-dependent manner. Caspase inhibitors protected embryonic telencephalic neurons, but not postnatal cortical neurons, from DNA damage-induced cell death as measured by direct cell counting and annexin V staining. In marked contrast to the caspase inhibitors, an inhibitor of the DNA repair enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, conferred significant protection from genotoxic and excitotoxic cell death on postnatal cortical neurons but had no effect on embryonic neurons. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in postnatal neurons was not associated with measurable changes in caspase activity, consistent with the failure of caspase inhibitors to prevent cell death under these conditions. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of p53 killed embryonic and postnatal neurons without activating caspases. Thus, p53-mediated neuronal cell death may occur via both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. These results demonstrate that p53 is required for caspase activation in response to some forms of neuronal injury. However, the relative importance of caspase activation in neurons depends on the developmental status of the cell and the specific nature of the death stimulus.
Development of a handheld Raman microspectrometer for clinical dermatologic applications (2007)

Although skin is easily accessible to optical methodologies, a portable measurement head is necessary to allow ready spectroscopic interrogation of all anatomic locations. However, most conventional Raman microspectrometers and even dermatologic-specific Raman systems are fixed systems ill-suited to anatomic accessibility. To this end, we have developed a portable Raman microspectrometer system for future dermatologic studies. An in-house-built bench-top system was used to qualify the optical components and design. Based on this system's layout, a handheld microspectrometer was developed for future clinical application. This system produces similar operating characteristics to the bench-top prototype, and is shown to provide clear Raman spectra from skin tissue measured in vivo in clinically-feasible integration times.
Annexin V and Phospholipid Metabolism (1999)

Abstract Annexins, protein kinases C and cytosolic phospholipase A 2 belong to three families of ubiquitous cytoplasmic proteins involved in signal transduction. All annexins share the property of binding to phospholipids in the presence of calcium. Most annexins are substrates for protein kinases C except annexin V, the most ubiquitous and abundant annexin. Protein kinases C (PKC) belong to three distinct groups of kinases, conventional PKCs (cPKCs) that depend on calcium, diacylglycerol and negatively charged phospholipids for their activity, novel PKCs (nPKCs) and atypical PKCs (aPKCs), that do not require calcium for their activity, although they both require negatively charged phospholipids. Cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA2) depends on calcium for its catalytic activity as well as on serine phosphorylation by MAP kinases. We report that annexin V modulates the activity of cPKCs as well as of cPLA2 by interfering with their ability to bind to negatively charged phospholipids and calcium. We propose that annexin V could interfere with the calcium and phospholipid signalling pathway.
Text normalization in mandarin text-to-speech system (2008)

Text normalization is an important component in text-to-speech system and the difficulty in text normalization is to disambiguate the non-standard words (NSWs). This paper develops a taxonomy of NSWs on the basis of a large scale Chinese corpus, and proposes a two-stage NSWs disambiguation strategy, finite state automata (FSA) for initial classification and maximum entropy (ME) classifiers for subclass disambiguation. Based on the above NSWs taxonomy, the two-stage approach achieves an F-score of 98.53% in open test, 5.23% higher than that of FSA based approach. Experiments show that the NSWs taxonomy ensures FSA a high baseline performance and ME classifiers make considerable improvement, and the two-stage approach adapts well to new domains.
Synthesis and analgesic activity of some 14.beta.-substituted analogs of morphine (1980)

Treatment of 14 beta-nitrocodeinone with sodium borohydride gave the codeine derivative which was reduced with zinc dust in acetic anhydride-acetic acid solution to give 14 beta-acetamidocodeine 6-acetate. 14 beta-Thiocyanatocodeinone was obtained from the reaction of thebaine with thiocyanogen and was reduced to 14 beta-mercaptocodeine with lithium aluminum hydride. 14 beta-Bromo- and 14 beta-chlorocodeinone were prepared by the reaction of thebaine with N-bromosuccinimide and N-chlorosuccinimide, respectively. These 14 beta-substituted codeine and codeinones were O-demethylated to the corresponding morphine analogues with boron tribromide. With the exception of 14 beta-nitromorphinone, which was weak in activity, all the other 14 beta-substituted morphine derivatives were approximately equal in potency to normorphine in the guinea pig ileum preparation.
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in a US Population (2007)

These results provide strong evidence for a beneficial effect of higher conformity with the Mediterranean dietary pattern on risk of death from all causes, including deaths due to CVD and cancer, in a US population.
An Expression Profile of Active Genes in Human Lung (1994)

An expression profile of genes active in the human lung was obtained by collecting 797 partial sequences from a 3'-directed cDNA library. Three genes were found to produce mRNA each of which comprised more than 1% of total mRNA. These three have been identified as genes for pulmonary surfactant apoprotein (PSP-A), Clara cells 10-kDa secretory protein, and HLA-E heavy chain. In the remaining 745 clones, 221 were composed of 89 species that occurred recurrently, and 524 clones appeared only once. Because the 3'-directed cDNA library faithfully represents the mRNA population in the source tissue, these numbers represent the relative activities of the gene expression. Altogether 437 gene species were novel, and 179 gene species were identified in GenBank. A significant portion of these genes encode proteins found in secretory proteins, cell surface proteins, and components in the protein synthesis machinery, representing the function of the lung.
Recombinant Human γ–Interferon in Patients With Chronic Active Hepatitis B: Pharmacokinetics, Tolerance and Biological Effects (1990)

Pharmacokinetics, tolerance and biological effects of human recombinant gamma-interferon were studied in 12 patients with chronic active hepatitis B. Serum concentrations of gamma-interferon were measured by radioimmunoassay in four patients after a subcutaneous injection of 10 million U (0.5 mg); the peak serum concentration of gamma-interferon (29 +/- 7 U/ml) was reached after 5 to 8 hr and gamma-interferon remained detectable for 24 to 36 hr. Twelve patients received recombinant gamma-interferon, 2.5 to 10 million U daily, for 4 mo. All suffered from a dose-dependent, flulike syndrome similar to that induced by alpha-interferon. Recombinant gamma-interferon induced a marked increase of serum ALT and a significant decrease of serum hepatitis B virus-DNA. Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA disappeared in one patient during administration of recombinant gamma-interferon. Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA disappeared in four additional patients, and HBeAg disappeared in two patients during the 12 mo after administration of recombinant gamma-interferon. These results indicate that subcutaneous injection is suitable for administration of recombinant gamma-interferon and that recombinant gamma-interferon has an antiviral effect in patients with chronic active hepatitis B.
Can H-Aggregates Serve as Light-Harvesting Antennae? Triplet−Triplet Energy Transfer between Excited Aggregates and Monomer Thionine in Aersol-OT Solutions (1998)

The cationic dye thionine undergoes slow dissolution in aerosol-OT (AOT) containing solutions of heptane and toluene. By controlling the ratio of [dye]/[AOT], it is possible to obtain varying amounts of monomer, dimer, and higher order aggregates (trimer) in dilute dye solutions. The thionine aggregates exhibit characteristic absorption maxima at 565 and 530 nm for the dimer and trimer forms, respectively. The singlet excited states of these dye aggregates are short-lived (τ = 40−63 ps) as they undergo efficient intersystem crossing to generate the triplet excited states. Triplet energy transfer from the excited dye aggregates to monomeric thionine molecules was observed upon excitation with a 532 nm laser pulse. Pulse radiolysis experiments, in which the excited triplet states were generated indirectly, also confirm the finding that the triplet energy cascades down from excited trimer to dimer to monomeric dye. These studies demonstrate the possibility of using H-type dye aggregates as antenna molecules to harvest light energy whereby the aggregate molecules absorb light in different spectral regions and subsequently transfer energy to the monomeric dye.
Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields and Thermal Processing on the Stability of Bovine Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Enriched Soymilk (2003)

ABSTRACT: To investigate influences of pulsed electric field (PEF) on bovine IgG immunoactivity, soymilk enriched with hyperimmunized dairy milk protein concentrate was subjected to PEF and thermal treatments. Thermal treatment at 78.8 °C for 120 s inactivated 5.1 logs in natural flora and resulted in 86% decrease in IgG activity PEF at 41 kV/cm for 54 μS inactivated 5.3 logs of natural flora and resulted in no significant change ( P > 0.05) in bovine IgG activity. Specific antigen‐binding activity of bovine IgG against Salmonella enteritidis showed parallel correlation with the measurement of IgG concentration. No further significant change in IgG immunoactivity was observed during a 10‐wk storage at 4°C in PEF‐, thermally‐, or un‐treated samples.
Organometallic Catalysis:  Formation of 1,3-Dioxolanes and Their Analogs Catalyzed by Methylrhenium Trioxide (MTO) (1997)

Methylrhenium trioxide (MTO) catalyzes several cycloaddition reactions. 1,3-Dioxolanes were obtained in good yields from the reactions of epoxides with aldehydes or ketones; the geometric configuration of the epoxide substituents remains unchanged in the product, which was shown to be the consequence of two configuration inversions in sequence. The independently known bis(alkoxy)rhenium complex formed from MTO and the epoxide is an intermediate that could be detected at a low level during the reaction; indeed, its formation limits the rate of the overall reaction. Related cycloaddition reactions are the formation of ketene acetals from diphenylketene and epoxides and of oxazolidines from aromatic imines and epoxides, both MTO-catalyzed.
A Generalization of the PageRank Algorithm (2014)

PageRank is a well-known algorithm that has been used to understand the structure of the Web. In its classical formulation the algorithm considers only forward looking paths in its analysis- a typical web scenario. We propose a generalization of the PageRank algorithm based on both out- links and in-links. This generalization enables the elimination network anomalies- and increases the applicability of the algorithm to an array of new applications in networked data. Through experimental results we illustrate that the proposed generalized PageRank minimizes the effect of network anomalies, and results in more realistic representation of the network.
Data-Driven Fault Detection in Aircraft Engines With Noisy Sensor Measurements (2011)

An inherent difficulty in sensor-data-driven fault detection is that the detection performance could be drastically reduced under sensor degradation (e.g., drift and noise). Complementary to traditional model-based techniques for fault detection, this paper proposes symbolic dynamic filtering by optimally partitioning the time series data of sensor observation. The objective here is to mask the effects of sensor noise level variation and magnify the system fault signatures. In this regard, the concepts of feature extraction and pattern classification are used for fault detection in aircraft gas turbine engines. The proposed methodology of data-driven fault detection is tested and validated on the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (C-MAPSS) test-bed developed by NASA for noisy (i.e., increased variance) sensor signals.
Three-dimensional surface metrology of magnetic recording materials through direct-phase-detecting microscopic interferometry (1985)

The development of a new computerized interferometer is described which allows non-contact measurement of surface topography with vertical resolution better than 0.5 mm over a 0.5 mm by 0.3 mm sample area. A detailed (40000 vertical measurement) three-dimensional image (phase map) is graphically displayed along with a video contrast micrograph of the same sample area. Post-processing of the data yields, average deviation, r.m.s. deviation, peak-to-valley, and asperity volumes are reported on all or user selected subsets of the data. During this post-processing, the region currently being measured in the phase map is highlighted in the video contrast micrograph allowing positive correlation of contrast micrograph features with measurements in the phase map. Applications to video tape, rigid disk, substrate, and read-write head measurements are discussed.
Real-time prosody-driven synthesis of body language (2009)

Human communication involves not only speech, but also a wide variety of gestures and body motions. Interactions in virtual environments often lack this multi-modal aspect of communication. We present a method for automatically synthesizing body language animations directly from the participants' speech signals, without the need for additional input. Our system generates appropriate body language animations by selecting segments from motion capture data of real people in conversation. The synthesis can be performed progressively, with no advance knowledge of the utterance, making the system suitable for animating characters from live human speech. The selection is driven by a hidden Markov model and uses prosody-based features extracted from speech. The training phase is fully automatic and does not require hand-labeling of input data, and the synthesis phase is efficient enough to run in real time on live microphone input. User studies confirm that our method is able to produce realistic and compelling body language.
Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the adhesion of Streptococcus pyogenes to pharyngeal epithelial cells (1981)

The hydrophobicity and charge of the cell surface of M protein-positive (M+) and the less virulent M protein-negative (M-) strains of type 12 Streptococcus pyogenes have been studied, respectively, by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and free zone electrophoresis. The M+ strain had a more hydrophobic and a more negatively charged surface than the M- strain. When the M+ strain was cultivated in the presence of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of different antibiotics, its hydrophobicity either decreased or did not change. The M+ organisms adhered to pharyngeal epithelial cells more avidly than M+; however, cultivation of both strains with sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin and rifampin led to the decrease in adhesion. Tetracycline caused a decrease in adhesion for the M+ strain only, whereas cephalothin and polymyxin (to which the strains are resistant) did not affect adhesion or hydrophobicity of the M+ organisms. The negative surface charge of the M+ bacteria increased considerably upon exposure to rifampin and penicillin, and the M- bacteria exhibited small or no change. The contributions of these changes to suppression of infections are discussed.
A Temporal Factors Battery for Studying Individual Differences in Perception (1995)

Individual differences in perception have drawn increased attention from training and task-performance communities. If perceptual tests are to be utilized to train, predict, or optimize performance, then they need to be studied and evaluated as differential measures. In this study, the reliability and individual differences for a perceptual test battery (seven tasks) were investigated. The participants (10 males, 11 females) completed five trials of the test battery within a ten day span. In general, the results of this study are positive. Six of the seven tasks showed sizable individual differences and four of the seven were reliable. The three tasks that showed unreliability have since been modified and need to be formally studied.
A simple microphone array for source direction and distance estimation (2011)

In this paper, a simple microphone array is proposed to estimate the direction and distance of a sound source in 2D space. The microphone array consists of three elements and these microphones are arranged in cross form. Based on the geometrical relationship and the estimated time delays between each pair of microphones, a method is proposed to directly get the direction and distance of the sound source in near field. The computational complexity of the proposed method is very low and the implementation of the algorithm is simple. Simulation results show that the algorithm effectively finds the position of the sound source. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for practical low cost applications, such as steering video camera in video-conference and providing source location in microphone array beamforming, etc.
In Vivo Induction of Tr1 Cells via Mucosal Dendritic Cells and AHR Signaling (2011)

Our findings identify a unique approach to generate Tr1 cells in vivo and provide insights into the mechanisms by which these cells are induced.
Support Postcard-Based Telemetry for SRv6 OAM (2019)

Applications such as SRv6 TE may require to collect detailed
performance data on SR paths. Existing in-situ OAM techniques incur
encapsulation and header overhead issues. This document describes a
method based on Postcard-based Telemetry with Packet Marking for SRv6
on-path OAM, which avoids the extra overhead for encapsulating
telemetry-related instruction and metadata in SRv6 packets.
Speech-Recognition Difficulties of the Hearing-Impaired Elderly (1990)

The role that sensorineural hearing loss plays in the speech-recognition difficulties of the hearing-impaired elderly is examined. One approach to this issue was to make between-group comparisons of performance for three groups of subjects: (a) young normal-hearing adults; (b) elderly hearing-impaired adults; and (c) young normal-hearing adults with simulated sensorineural hearing loss equivalent to that of the elderly subjects produced by a spectrally shaped masking noise. Another approach to this issue employed correlational analyses to examine the relation between audibility and speech recognition within the group of elderly hearing-impaired subjects. An additional approach was pursued in which an acoustical index incorporating adjustments for threshold elevation was used to examine the role audibility played in the speech-recognition performance of the hearing-impaired elderly. A wide range of listening conditions was sampled in this experiment. The conclusion was that the primary determiner of speech-recognition performance in the elderly hearing-impaired subjects was their threshold elevation.