gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibre-optic local-area network with arbitrary topology (1984)

The lack of satisfactory passive connectors, of standardisation in fibre-optic devices and the unidirectional light transmission employed in most fibre links prohibits the direct translation of networking techniques from the better developed wire or cable systems. A point-to-point network with nodes connected in an arbitrary fashion can provide an ideal solution to these problems while maintaining high network reliability and permitting easy reconfiguration, but has associated problems in the routing of the data. A possible solution is to use the flood routing technique as proposed by Neff and Senzig in their Anarchy network. Unfortunately, this network exhibits very low channel utilisation and has packet looping problems. In the paper we discuss methods of removing the looping problem and then propose a modified Anarchy flood routing (MAFR) protocol, for which a simplified performance analysis and simulation studies indicate that better network performance can be achieved with little additional hardware. However, we believe that a hybrid flood routing scheme (HFR) involving MAFR and a virtual circuit approach will produce a better system.
Evaluation of WO-2012085582 and WO-2012085583 two identified MABAs: backups to AZD-2115? (2012)

These two patent applications each claim combination formulations comprising a single dual-acting muscarinic antagonist/beta 2 agonist (MABA), as a free base or salt, with a second class of drug and the use of these formulations for the treatment of asthma and COPD. The two specified compounds are close analogues of each other and were originally disclosed in the same patent application. They are, respectively, 3-(2-chloro-3-((4-(2-ethylthiazole-4-carbonyl)-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)methyl)phenethoxy)-N-cyclopentyl-N-(2-(2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]{1,4] oxazin-8-yl)ethylamino)ethyl)propanamide and N-butyl-N-(2-(2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][l,4]oxazin-8-yl)ethylamino)ethyl)-3-(3-(2-(4-(2-isopropylthiazole-4-carbonyl)-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)ethyl)phenethoxy)propanamide.
Dynamic code mapping for limited local memory systems (2010)

This paper presents heuristics for dynamic management of application code on limited local memories present in high-performance multi-core processors. Previous techniques formulate the problem using call graphs, which do not capture the temporal ordering of functions. In addition, they only use a conservative estimate of the interference cost between functions to obtain a mapping. As a result previous techniques are unable to achieve efficient code mapping. Techniques proposed in this paper overcome both these limitations and achieve superior code mapping. Experimental results from executing benchmarks from MiBench onto the Cell processor in the Sony Playstation 3 demonstrate up to 29% and average 12% performance improvement, at tolerable compile-time overhead.
Analysis of Production History for Unconventional Gas Reservoirs With Statistical Methods (2013)

Summary Unconventional gas resources have dramatically changed the future energy landscape. Developing these resources involves substantial risk. Such risk can be mitigated if information gathered at initial stages of the development of a field is used efficiently and effectively to guide future development. A variety of tools—such as decline-curve analysis (DCA), type-curve analysis, simulator history matching, and artificial intelligence (AI)—is used to that effect. These tools accomplish partially overlapping but different tasks. Additional tools that could not only facilitate the analysis of historical data but also guide future development would be of value. In this work, we propose an efficient methodology that can use historical production data from existing wells to answer questions such as the following: Which wells will behave similarly? Which wells will behave differently from each other or from standard expectations? Which factors will contribute to these differences? How can data from existing wells be used to anticipate the performance of new wells? The proposed methodology relies on standard principal-component analysis (PCA) and principal-component regression (PCR). The application of PCA to historical production data from twelve wells in the Holly Branch field quickly identified wells with distinct behavior. The subsequent investigation of pressure and the completion data for these wells revealed reasons for such distinct behavior. Finally, a simple linear model was built with PCR, with good ability to predict production from new wells, as assessed through cross-validation. The value of the efficiency offered by the proposed methodology would be much higher for larger data sets, for which manual analysis of production data is more cumbersome.
Imaging electrical excitation inside the myocardial wall (2011)

Cardiac arrhythmias are often triggered by ectopic membrane depolarization originating deep inside the myocardial wall. Here we propose a new method utilizing a novel near-infrared voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye DI-4-ANBDQBS to determine the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the sources of such depolarization. We tested the method in live preparations of pig left and right ventricular myocardium (thickness 8-18 mm) and phantoms imitating the optical properties of myocardial tissue. The method utilizes an alternating transillumination approach that involves comparing pairs of simultaneously recorded broad-field epifluorescence and transillumination images produced at two alternating directions of illumination. Recordings were taken simultaneously by two CCD cameras facing the endocardial and epicardial surfaces of the heart at a frame rate up to 3 KHz. In live preparations, we were able to localize the origin of the depolarization wave with a precision of ±1.3mm in the transmural direction and 3 mm in the image plane. The accuracy of detection was independent of the depth of the source inside ventricular wall.
Two‐dimensional polymer synthesis through the topochemical polymerization of alkylenediammonium muconate as a multifunctional monomer (2004)

Abstract Here we demonstrate a unique two‐dimensional polymer synthesis through topochemical polymerization via polymer crystal engineering, which is useful for controlling and designing the polymerization reactivity as well as the polymer chain and crystal structures. We have succeeded in the synthesis of a sheet polymer through the polymerization of alkylenediammonium ( Z,Z )‐muconate as a multifunctional 1,3‐diene monomer in the crystalline state under the irradiation of UV and γ‐rays or upon heating in the dark. The photopolymerization reactivity of several muconates and the structural control of the obtained polymer are described. The stereochemical structure of the polymer and the polymerization mechanism are discussed on the basis of the results of IR and NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric measurements, and solid‐state hydrolysis for the transformation into poly(muconic acid). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3922–3929, 2004
Performance evaluation of SIP-based session establishment over satellite-UMTS (2004)

Session initiation protocol (SIP) has been selected by the third generation partnership project (3GPP) as the official end-to-end IP signalling protocol for establishing multimedia sessions in the IP based universal mobile telecommunication systems (UMTS) network. Since a satellite component has been identified within UMTS, there is a need to support SIP-based session establishment over satellite-UMTS (S-UMTS) as well as to achieve an end-to-end seamless IP-based terrestrial/satellite network integration. This paper aims at evaluating the performance of SIP-based session setup over the S-UMTS, taking into account the larger propagation delay over the satellite as well as the impact of the UMTS radio interference. It also addresses the issue of incorporating a link layer retransmission based on the radio link control acknowledgement mode (RLC-AM) mechanisms and examines its implications on the SIP session establishment performance.
Monocular 3D Object Detection with Decoupled Structured Polygon Estimation and Height-Guided Depth Estimation (2020)

Monocular 3D object detection task aims to predict the 3D bounding boxes of objects based on monocular RGB images. Since the location recovery in 3D space is quite difficult on account of absence of depth information, this paper proposes a novel unified framework which decomposes the detection problem into a structured polygon prediction task and a depth recovery task. Different from the widely studied 2D bounding boxes, the proposed novel structured polygon in the 2D image consists of several projected surfaces of the target object. Compared to the widely-used 3D bounding box proposals, it is shown to be a better representation for 3D detection. In order to inversely project the predicted 2D structured polygon to a cuboid in the 3D physical world, the following depth recovery task uses the object height prior to complete the inverse projection transformation with the given camera projection matrix. Moreover, a fine-grained 3D box refinement scheme is proposed to further rectify the 3D detection results. Experiments are conducted on the challenging KITTI benchmark, in which our method achieves state-of-the-art detection accuracy.
Evaluation of Algorithms for Tomographic Reconstruction of Chemical Concentrations in Indoor Air (1994)

Numerical studies were performed to evaluate and compare four different algorithms for tomographically reconstructing pollutant concentrations in indoor air measured with an optical remote sensing system. With a remote sensing/computed tomography system, two-dimensional maps of air concentrations can be created for an entire room with good spatial and temporal resolution. The success of such a system for characterizing the flow of contaminants in air, exposure assessment, and leak detection depends on the choice of tomographic reconstruction algorithm. A systematic method was developed to evaluate the performance of four algorithms: ART, ART3, SIRT, and SART. One hundred and twenty test maps were reconstructed by each algorithm under ideal and nonideal sampling conditions, and image quality was evaluated using four criteria. The nonideal sampling conditions included simulation of measurement noise and reduction in the number density of rays. Performance of the algorithms was found to be intimately related to the number of peaks in the test maps. The importance of using multiple measures of image quality was underscored by the fact that for some sampling conditions simulated, performance of the algorithms was judged differently depending on the evaluation criteria. Results indicated that using numerical studies is successful for evaluating such algorithms.
Human Cytomegalovirus UL99-Encoded pp28 Is Required for the Cytoplasmic Envelopment of Tegument-Associated Capsids (2003)

The human cytomegalovirus UL99-encoded pp28 is a myristylated phosphoprotein that is a constituent of the virion. The pp28 protein is positioned within the tegument of the virus particle, a protein structure that resides between the capsid and envelope. In the infected cell, pp28 is found in a cytoplasmic compartment derived from the Golgi apparatus, where the virus buds into vesicles to acquire its final membrane. We have constructed two mutants of human cytomegalovirus that fail to produce the pp28 protein, a substitution mutant (BADsubUL99) and a point mutant (BADpmUL99), and we have propagated them by complementation in pp28-expressing fibroblasts. Both mutant viruses are profoundly defective for growth in normal fibroblasts; no infectious virus could be detected after infection. Whereas normal levels of viral DNA and late proteins were observed in mutant virus-infected cells, large numbers of tegument-associated capsids accumulated in the cytoplasm that failed to acquire an envelope. We conclude that pp28 is required for the final envelopment of the human cytomegalovirus virion in the cytoplasm.
Manifold alignment without correspondence (2009)

Manifold alignment has been found to be useful in many areas of machine learning and data mining. In this paper we introduce a novel manifold alignment approach, which differs from “semisupervised alignment ” and “Procrustes alignment” in that it does not require predetermining correspondences. Our approach learns a projection that maps data instances (from two different spaces) to a lower dimensional space simultaneously matching the local geometry and preserving the neighborhood relationship within each set. This approach also builds connections between spaces defined by different features and makes direct knowledge transfer possible. The performance of our algorithm is demonstrated and validated in a series of carefully designed experiments in information retrieval and bioinformatics. 1
Channeling phenomenon in electromagnetic forward scattering at low grazing (2004)

Channeling phenomenon is a type of forward scattering and multipath that occasionally occurs when a well-formed sea wave briefly reflects or focuses the out-of-plane energy toward the receiver, yielding a higher than expected, broadband power gain. A series of X-band, forward-scattering measurements in a large wave tank observed multiple channeling events at low grazing angles. The wave tank simulated a one-dimensional, 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. During the measurements, channeling events were observed under crosswind wave conditions when a properly constructed wave trough, coinciding with the radar's line of sight, channeled or focused the out-of-plane, forward-scattered energy toward the receiver. Presented is a summary of the channeling events observed and a physical model of the channeling phenomenon based on experimental observations and numerical simulations.
Personal Photo Enhancement via Saliency Driven Color Transfer (2016)

Personal photos on tour are easily affected by distractive objects, which requires effective post-processing for subject enhancement. In this paper, we propose a novel personal photo enhancement method using saliency driven color transfer, which can effectively reduce the attraction of distractive objects with simple user interaction. To each given image, distractive objects are firstly detected by combining saliency map and user interaction, and their attraction is further reduced by color transfer. The experimental results show that our method achieves similar effectiveness but higher efficiency to manually editing and outperforms other existing techniques.
Studies of atomic oxygen in O2+CF4 rf discharges by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence and optical emission spectroscopy (1986)

We have used two-photon laser-induced fluorescence to obtain quantitative measurements of the concentration of ground state O atoms in O2+CF4 rf discharges. Absolute calibration was achieved by generating a known concentration of atomic oxygen by UV laser photolysis of O2. Trace amounts of Ar were added to serve as an inert reference gas for concurrent optical emission measurements, in which the plasma-induced optical emission intensities from O* and Ar* lines were recorded. Emission line shapes were measured using a Fabry–Perot interfermoter to gain information on the mechanisms for formation of excited oxygen atoms in the plasma. Two excitation mechanisms were found to be important: (1) electron impact excitation of ground state atoms, e+O → O*+e, and (2) dissociative excitation of O2, e+O2 → O*+O+e. Evidence for both excitation mechanisms was obtained for O* (8446 Å) emission, with atomic excitation being dominant, whereas dissociative excitation appeared to be the dominant mechanism for O* (7774 Å) emission. Argon actinometry for the determination of ground state oxygen was directly tested. Because of the contribution from dissociative excitation, a strict proportionality, O*/Ar*∝[O]/[Ar], was not satisfied where O* (Ar*) is the intensity of an atomic oxygen (argon) emission line, and [O] ([Ar]) is the oxygen (argon) atom concentration. However, within certain limitations, the O* (8446 Å)/Ar* emission intensity ratio gives the right qualitative trends for the O atom concentration.
Safety and efficacy of rituximab plus bendamustine in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients: an Italian retrospective multicenter study (2015)

Relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) not suitable for high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has a dismal prognosis and no standard therapy. We designed an Italian multicenter retrospective study aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of rituximab plus bendamustine (R-B) as salvage treatment in patients not eligible for ASCT because of age and/or comorbidity or in patients with post-ASCT recurrence. Fifty-five patients with a median age of 76 years were included. The overall response rate was 50%, including 28% complete remission and 22% partial remission. The median overall survival (OS) was 10.8 months. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 8.8 months. Eleven patients are still alive and in complete remission at last follow-up (12-71 months). Toxicity was moderate, mainly grades 1 and 2. R-B showed promising efficacy results with an acceptable toxicity profile and should be further investigated, possibly in combination with novel drugs.
Solvent‐Dependent Chemoselective and Stereoselective Approach to Synthesis of Spiro‐γ‐Lactams with Potent Anticancer Activity (2021)

Abstract Chemoselective approaches were developed for derivatizing diastereoselective chromanone spiro‐γ‐lactams through the Michael‐type addition by using amide as a weak nucleophile to construct the spiro‐carbon center under basic conditions. To expand the scope of this post‐Ugi cascade reaction, a new series of oxidized chromone derivatives was synthesized by altering solvent from EtOH to DMF. Compounds 7 a and 7 b which could be synthesized in one day, demonstrated comparable anticancer activities with legendary anticancer drug paclitaxel in the PANC and U87 cell lines. This methodology offers a new approach to construct spiro‐carbon centers with functionalized chromanones or chromones under mild reaction conditions. magnified image
Dual-frequency electrical impedance mammography for the diagnosis of non-malignant breast disease (2008)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) enables one to determine and visualize non-invasively the spatial distribution of the electrical properties of the tissues inside the body, thus providing valuable diagnostic information. The electrical impedance mammography (EIM) system is a specialized EIT system for diagnostics and imaging of the breast. While breast cancer is the main target for any investigation conducted in this area, the diagnosis of non-cancerous diseases is also very important because it opens the way to improve the quality of life for many women and it may also reduce the incidence of breast cancer through effective treatment of mastopathy. This paper presents the main results of a comprehensive examination of 166 women using four methods: multifrequency electrical impedance mammography, ultrasonic investigation, x-ray mammography and puncture biopsy. The objective of the investigation is to estimate the usefulness of multifrequency electrical impedance mammography for diagnosing dyshormonal mammary gland diseases. The results demonstrate the advantages of the multifrequency EIM method. In particular, dual-frequency electrical impedance mammography in contrast with the single-frequency variant enables one not only to diagnose mastopathy, but also allows accurate detection of its cystless form based on observation of the absence of any difference between average conductivity in both phases of the menstrual cycle. Because the cystless form of mastopathy is associated with a higher risk of cancer development, this method allows identification of a higher risk group of patients for more frequent investigations.
An x-axis single-crystalline silicon microgyroscope fabricated by the extended SBM process (2005)

A high-aspect ratio, single-crystal line silicon x-axis microgyroscope is fabricated using the extended sacrificial bulk micromachining (SBM) process. The x-axis microgyroscope in this paper uses vertically offset combs to resonate the proof mass in the vertical plane, and lateral combs to sense the Coriolis force in the horizontal plane. This requires fabricating vertically and horizontally moving structures for actuation and sensing, respectively, which is very difficult to achieve in single-crystalline silicon. However, single-crystalline silicon high-aspect ratio structures are preferred for high performance. The extended SRN/I process is a two-mask process, but all structural parts and combs are defined in one mask level. Thus, there is no misalignment in any structural parts or comb fingers. In this extended SBM process, all vertical dimensions of the structure, including the comb height, vertical comb offset and sacrificial gap, can be defined arbitrarily (up to a few tens of micrometers). For electrical isolation, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are used, but the inherent footing phenomenon in the SOI deep etching is eliminated and smooth structural shapes are obtained, because the SBM process is used. In the fabricated x-axis microgyroscope, the lower combs used to vibrate the proof mass are vertically offset 12 /spl mu/m from the upper combs. The fabricated x-axis microgyroscope can resolve 0.1 deg/s angular rate, and the measured bandwidth is 100 Hz. The reported work represents the first x-axis single-crystalline silicon microgyroscope fabricated using only one wafer without wafer bonding. We have previously reported several versions of z-axis microgyroscopes and x-, y-, and z-axis accelerometers, using the SBM process. The results or this paper allow integrating x-, y-, and z-axis microgyroscopes as well as x-, y-, and z-axis microaccelerometers in one wafer, using the same mask and the same process.
Vertically Ordered Hematite Nanotube Array as an Ultrasensitive and Rapid Response Acetone Sensor (2014)

Vertically ordered nanotube array is a desirable configuration to improve gas sensing properties of the hematite which is the most abundant and cheapest metal oxide semiconductor on earth but has low and sluggish chemiresistive responses. We have synthesized a vertically aligned, highly ordered hematite nanotube array directly on a patterned SiO2/Si substrate and then it used as a gas sensor without additional processing. The nanotube array sensor shows unprecedentedly ultrahigh and selective responses to acetone with detection limits down to a few parts per billion and response time shorter than 3 s.
Pathological Display of Affect in Patients with Depression and Right Frontal Brain Damage (1987)

Two patients are reported with the acute onset of pathological crying following right inferior frontal brain damage. Both had severe endogenous depression and neither had pseudobulbar palsy. These and other cases argue that two organic brain diseases--one structural and the other "physiopharmacological"--may interact to produce pathological display of affect that cannot be accounted for by traditional neurological explanations. A pharmacological mechanism for the rapid amelioration of pathological affect by tricyclic medications and its possible relationship to the newly discovered descending motor systems of the brain that use norepinephrine and serotonin as neurotransmitters is offered. These cases also suggest that pathological affect is a valuable clinical indicator of an underlying major depression in some brain-injured patients.