gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Putting Search in Context: Using Dynamically-Weighted Information Fusion to Improve Search Results (2011)

The modern world is a highly connected one. Many diverse populations are utilizing the web as a learning tool. Often, the quest for information on the Internet begins by entering a search string into a search engine such as Google or Bing and then sifting through the multitude of results searching for information relevant to the user in his or her current situation. The web along with search engine technology has enabled people to have access to a wealth of information previously unavailable or out of reach of the average person. While the search process seems intuitive - enter a search string and "presto!" results are retrieved - constructing appropriate search strings and filtering results can be a complicated process, difficult for even the sophisticated user. Thus, the real issue that remains is perfecting the search tools and their underlying algorithms so that this search process will be simplified and personalized for the average user. As search engines are a typical user's interface to the World Wide Web, aiding the average user who possesses minimal query development skills in his or her quest for relevant, personalized results is an important goal. In addition, it is easy to see that mobile computing is also becoming pervasive in today's society. Use of personal digital assistants is common, and even cellular phones are Internet enabled. This trend is likely to continue, and this means that the user's context is likely to vary significantly as he or she uses these tools. Why not take advantage of context information to make the user's mobile computing experience simpler? USearch, an agent-based context-aware search system that fuses context information to improve search results is introduced here.
Automated backward error analysis for numerical code (2015)

Numerical code uses floating-point arithmetic and necessarily suffers from roundoff and truncation errors. Error analysis is the process to quantify such uncertainty in the solution to a problem. Forward error analysis and backward error analysis are two popular paradigms of error analysis. Forward error analysis is more intuitive and has been explored and automated by the programming languages (PL) community. In contrast, although backward error analysis is more preferred by numerical analysts and the foundation for numerical stability, it is less known and unexplored by the PL community. To fill the gap, this paper presents an automated backward error analysis for numerical code to empower both numerical analysts and application developers. In addition, we use the computed backward error results to also compute the condition number, an important quantity recognized by numerical analysts for measuring how sensitive a function is to changes or errors in the input. Experimental results on Intel X87 FPU functions and widely-used GNU C Library functions demonstrate that our analysis is effective at analyzing the accuracy of floating-point programs.
Cellular Distribution of Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase and Its Interaction with Gag during Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly (2004)

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is packaged into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) via its interaction with Gag, and this enzyme facilitates the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for initiating reverse transcription, into HIV-1. The Gag/LysRS interaction is detected at detergent-resistant membrane but not in membrane-free cell compartments that contain Gag and LysRS. LysRS is found (i). in the nucleus, (ii). in a cytoplasmic high-molecular-weight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (HMW aaRS complex), (iii). in mitochondria, and (iv). associated with plasma membrane. The cytoplasmic form of LysRS lacking the mitochondrial import signal was previously shown to be efficiently packaged into virions, and in this report we also show that LysRS compartments in nuclei, in the HMW aaRS complex, and at the membrane are also not required as a primary source for viral LysRS. Exogenous mutant LysRS species unable to either enter the nucleus or bind to the cell membrane are still incorporated into virions. Many HMW aaRS components are not packaged into the virion along with LysRS, and the interaction of LysRS with p38, a protein that binds tightly to LysRS in the HMW aaRS complex, is not required for the incorporation of LysRS into virions. These data indicate that newly synthesized LysRS may interact rapidly with Gag before the enzyme has the opportunity to move to the above-mentioned cellular compartments. In confirmation of this idea, we found that newly synthesized LysRS is associated with Gag after a 10-min pulse with [(35)S]cysteine/methionine. This observation is also supported by previous work indicating that the incorporation of LysRS into HIV-1 is very sensitive to the inhibition of new synthesis of LysRS.
Transcripts for two members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily BMP-3 and BMP-7 are expressed in developing rat embryos (1996)

Bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP-3) and BMP-7 are members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that have been implicated in the formation of cartilage and bone. Using in situ hybridization, we localized mRNAs for BMP-3 and BMP-7 during organogenesis in rats. Both mRNAs were expressed in a variety of cells, in particular, in the developing hair follicle, tooth, kidney, and lung tissues, in which reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are essential. In some tissues, the distribution of BMP-3 and BMP-7 mRNAs overlapped. In other tissues, the patterns of expression were quite different. Moreover, the site of expression of the transcripts changed from one cell type to another during organogenesis. These results suggest that BMP-3 and BMP-7 play important roles in organogenesis and that the differential patterns of their expression might reflect their distinct roles in embryogenesis.
Research Progress of Air Purifier Principles and Material Technologies (2015)

This article mainly refers to purification technology and material technology of air purifiers. There are several purification technologies in air purifiers such as HEPA(high efficiency particulate air filter), Mineralization technology of ultra light structure, Negative ion technology, the photocatalyst technology, electrostatic dust collection, Activated carbon adsorption technology and etc. And material technologies are classified as Photocatalyst, Activated carbon, Synthetic fiber, HEPA, Negative ion generator and etc. The paper reviews the characteristics, purification theory, research status and applications of every kind of purification technologies and material technologies. On this basis, we put forward outlook on the future development of air purifier.
Behavioral modeling of digital IC input and output ports (2002)

This paper addresses the development of accurate and efficient behavioral models of digital integrated circuit input and output ports for signal integrity simulations and timing analyses. The modeling process is described and applied to the characterization of actual devices.
Occurrence of a lipase in spores of<i>Alternaria brassicicola</i>with a crucial role in the infection of cauliflower leaves (1999)

Alternaria brassicicola is a pathogen that penetrates directly through the host cuticle thanks to several serine esterases, according to our findings. Among these, an 80-kDa lipase (E.C 3.1.1. 3) was detected by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting in the water washings of ungerminated spores. The purified lipase cross-reacted with Botrytis cinerea anti-lipase antibodies, which were reported to inhibit the in vitro lipase activity. Anti-lipase antibodies were added to a conidial suspension of A. brassicicola prior to inoculation. As a result, blackspot lesions were reduced by 90% on intact cauliflower leaves, but not on leaves from which surface wax had been removed. Spore surface-bound lipase is thought to interact closely with epicuticular leaf waxes for adhesion and/or penetration of the fungal propagules during the early stages of host-parasite interactions.
Organic light-emitting diodes driven by pentacene-based thin-film transistors (2003)

Integrated circuits with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and a thin-film transistor (TFT) based on small molecules were fabricated on a glass substrate. The field-effect mobility and the current on/off ratio of the integrated TFTs with a pentacene layer deposited at room temperature were 0.12 cm2/V s and higher than 103, respectively. The OLEDs had a multilayer structure containing tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum doped with coumarin 6 to obtain high luminance efficiency. The luminance was controlled in the range of up to approximately 1000 by applying the gate voltage of 10 to −10 V. The value of the luminance is sufficient for conventional displays.
Hedging with options and cardinality constraints in multi‐period portfolio management systems (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of hedging with options and cardinality constraints in multi‐period portfolio management systems. Design/methodology/approach The paper focuses on a recursive multi‐period portfolio management formulation (SHAREX) subject to hedging with cardinality constraints and options. The problem formulation is tested with observed and simulated data. Findings The yield of the multi‐period cardinality constrained option hedging framework under integer‐valued transactions and fixed and variable transactions costs exceeds the riskless return predicted by the Black‐Scholes model in equilibrium. Originality/value The paper demonstrates that the multiple representations framework constructed to generate optimal predictions provides accurate forecasts with obvious value for portfolio management.
Optimization of a genetically encoded biosensor for cyclin B1-cyclin dependent kinase 1 (2013)

Fluorescent protein (FP)-based biosensors have revolutionized the ability of researchers to monitor enzyme activities in live cells. While the basic design principles for FP-based biosensors are well established, first-generation biosensor constructs typically suffer from relatively low fluorescence responses that limit their general applicability. The protein engineering efforts required to substantially improve the biosensor responses are often both labour and time intensive. Here we report the application of a high throughput bacterial colony screen for improving the response of kinase biosensors. This effort led to the development of a second-generation cyclin B1-CDK1 biosensor with a 4.5-fold greater response than the first-generation biosensor.
Detailed Theoretical Model for Adjustable Gain-Clamped Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (2012)

The adjustable gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier (AGC-SOA) uses two SOAs in a ring-cavity topology: one to amplify the signal and the other to control the gain. The device was designed to maximize the output saturated power while adjusting gain to regulate power differences between packets without loss of linearity. This type of subsystem can be used for power equalisation and linear amplification in packet-based dynamic systems such as passive optical networks (PONs). A detailed theoretical model is presented in this paper to simulate the operation of the AGC-SOA, which gives a better understanding of the underlying gain clamping mechanics. Simulations and comparisons with steady-state and dynamic gain modulation experimental performance are given which validate the model.
A Part-Based Deep Neural Network Cascade Model for Human Parsing (2019)

Human parsing is important for image-based human-centric and clothing analyses. With the development of deep neural networks, some deep human parsing methods were recently proposed, which substantially improve the parsing accuracy. However, some localized small regions (such as sunglasses) are not parsed well in these methods. In this paper, we propose a Part-based Human Parsing Cascade (PHPC) to segment human images, imitating the observational mechanism of how people, when first looking at a human image, quickly scan the entire photograph to first locate the face and then the body parts to see what clothing the person is wearing. The observational mechanism of human vision is used to establish a cascade relationship in designing our network, in which a head-parsing sub-network and a body-parsing sub-network are integrated to the cascade of human parsing networks. The head- and body-parsing sub-networks focus on the head and body classes, respectively, and add attention to the head and body in the final neural networks. Comprehensive evaluations on the ATR dataset have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method.
Ithe kingdom of Bamiyān: Buddhist art and culture of the Hindu Kush. By Deborah Klimburg-Salter.(Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Maior V.) pp. xix, 226. 90 pl., 2 maps. Naples and Rome, Istituto Universitario Orientale and Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1989. - Shahr-i Zohak and the history of the Bamiyan valley, Afghanistan. By P.H.B. Baker and F.R. Allchin. (Ancient India and Iran Trust Series No. 1. B.A.R. International Series 570.) pp. x, 215, 162 figs., 3 maps. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports (Tempus Reparatum), 1991. £28.00. (1992)

Ithe kingdom of Bamiyān: Buddhist art and culture of the Hindu Kush. By Deborah Klimburg-Salter.(Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Maior V.) pp. xix, 226. 90 pl., 2 maps. Naples and Rome, Istituto Universitario Orientale and Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1989. - Shahr-i Zohak and the history of the Bamiyan valley, Afghanistan. By P.H.B. Baker and F.R. Allchin. (Ancient India and Iran Trust Series No. 1. B.A.R. International Series 570.) pp. x, 215, 162 figs., 3 maps. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports (Tempus Reparatum), 1991. £28.00. - Volume 2 Issue 2
Novel syntheses of naphthoquinone methide near-infrared dyes (1988)

A novel type of naphthoquinone methide near-i.r. dye has been synthesized by condensing 1-naphthylmalononitrile or 1-naphthylcyanoacetamide with p-N,N-dialkylaminoanilines in the presence of an oxidizing agent under alkali conditions. These dyes can absorb near-i.r. light at 722–761 nm. A dye film of 4-(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenylimino)-1, 4-dihydronaphthylidenemalononitrile showed a λmax. value of 785 nm and reflected 23.3% of the incident light intensity at 830 nm; these properties make the compound a potential diode-laser optical storage medium.
A Bi-Model Based RNN Semantic Frame Parsing Model for Intent Detection and Slot Filling (2018)

Yu Wang, Yilin Shen, Hongxia Jin. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). 2018.
Model-based control in microelectronics manufacturing (2003)

In order to achieve process control systems in semiconductor manufacturing that are able to maximize yield at minimum cost, an integrated approach that combines advanced control techniques and mathematical modeling with available online measurements is necessary. We have utilized a model predictive control approach for multivariate run-to-run control of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), lithography, and rapid thermal processing reactors. Improvements due to advanced control have been quantified in actual fab operations.
[Reaction of local myocardial blood flow in non-anesthetized dogs and anesthetized cats to the oral and parenteral administration of a Crateagus fraction (oligomere procyanidines)]. (1977)

Local blood flow in the myocardium of the left ventricle in unanesthetized dogs was measured by chronically implanted heat-conduction probes. Oral administration of a fraction of Crataegus (oligomere procyanidines) led to a significant rise in blood flow for several hours depending on the dose, the highest increase reaching an average value of about + 70% of the resting flow. In dogs regularly fed with this substance for a longer period of time, a rising tendency of the matutinal resting values of myocardial blood flow towards a maximum was seen. Intravenous application of oligomere procyanidines in anesthetized cats led to a dose-dependent increase in myocardial blood flow for several minutes and a slight decrease in arterial blood pressure.
Abstract LB-B20: High-affinity antisense oligonucleotides targeting Foxp3 inhibit immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells and produce anti-tumor effects in syngeneic tumor models (2018)

Abstract Regulatory T cells (Treg) contribute to the progression of cancer through suppression of specific anti-tumor effector immune responses. Therefore, inhibition of Treg function is an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. However, despite substantial effort, specific inhibition of Tregs remains a challenge. Foxp3 is a Treg-specific transcription factor required for their development and function. We employed next-generation antisense inhibitors (Gen 2.5 cEt-modified ASOs) to selectively inhibit Foxp3 expression in mouse Treg cells and evaluated consequences of ASO-mediated Foxp3 knock-down in vitro and in vivo. Mouse Foxp3-specific ASOs produced potent dose-dependent reductions in Foxp3 mRNA and protein in mouse Tregs in vitro without the use of transfection reagents. Reductions of Foxp3 in mouse Tregs was associated with loss of expression of immunosuppressive markers as well as loss of immunosuppressive function in vitro. Systemically delivered unformulated cEt-modified mouse Foxp3 ASOs reduced Foxp3 mRNA and protein in Tregs in normal mice. Importantly, this inhibition, in contrast to the phenotype of Foxp3 KO mice, was not associated with a significant autoimmune phenotype. When mouse Foxp3 ASOs were administered to syngeneic tumor-bearing mice they produced significant Foxp3 mRNA and protein knockdown in tumor-infiltrating Tregs. The growth of tumors in mouse Foxp3 ASO-treated animals was significantly attenuated with a fraction of animals (25%-50%) achieving complete regressions. Anti-tumor activity of mouse Foxp3 ASOs was associated with immunophenotype changes consistent with the increased anti-tumor immune response. Overall these data demonstrate that regulatory T cells can be effectively targeted by ASOs and that Foxp3 ASOs represent a potentially attractive therapeutic approach in cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Alexey S. Revenko, Charles Sinclair, Ben Johnson, Lisa Hettrick, Alison Peter, Anna Staniszewska, Adina Hughes, Linda Sandin, Molly Taylor, Stephanie Klein, Andy Watt, Brett Monia, Mark Edbrooke, A. Robert MacLeod. High-affinity antisense oligonucleotides targeting Foxp3 inhibit immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells and produce anti-tumor effects in syngeneic tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-B20.
Genetic Algorithm based Optimization of Uniform Circular Array (2020)

Signal estimation at the antenna is a major challenge of the antenna array structure because the received signals have different directions. Therefore, in this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to the uniform circular array for the optimization of array structure in regard to its geometry. On the optimized array structure, four different algorithms (Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Technique – ESPRIT, First Order Forward Prediction - FOFP, Beamscan, and Multiple Signal Classification - MUSIC) have been implemented in order to estimate the signal direction accurately with quick estimation time. The accuracy has been calculated with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) indices. From the experimental analysis, it has been found that the performance of the ESPRIT algorithm is better than the others in terms of accuracy and estimation time.
Optimization of Dosing Schedule of Daily Inhalant Dexamethasone to Minimize Phase Shifting of Clock Gene Expression Rhythm in the Lungs of the Asthma Mouse Model (2007)

Glucocorticoid receptor agonists such as dexamethasone (DEXA) have been recommended for the treatment of asthma. An increased frequency of dosing with these drugs seems preferable for cases of severe or uncontrolled asthma. The purpose of this experiment was to find the appropriate dosing schedule (frequency and timing) for DEXA inhalation based on chronotherapeutic dosing to minimize phase shifts of clock function in the lungs of the ovalbumin-treated asthmatic mouse. The daily rhythm of clock gene expression was similar between control and ovalbumin-treated mice. Acute inhalation of DEXA significantly increased mPer1 gene expression in the lungs but not the liver of mice. Daily exposure of DEXA at zeitgeber time 0 (lights on) or at zeitgeber time 18 (6 h after lights off) for 6 d caused a phase advance or phase delay of bioluminescence rhythm in the lungs, respectively, similar to light-induced phase shifts in locomotor activity rhythm. Daily zeitgeber time 0 exposure to DEXA attenuated the expression level of the mClca3 gene, which is associated with mucus overproduction, and there was a phase-advancing peak time of the mClca3 rhythm. The present results denote the importance of selecting the most appropriate time of day for nebulizer administration of DEXA to minimize adverse effects such as the phase shifting of clock function in asthmatic lungs. This is the first report of a successful protocol that could obtain phase shifts of clock gene expression rhythm in isolated peripheral organs in vivo.
Involvement of Prostaglandin E2 in Production of Amyloid-β Peptides Both in Vitro and in Vivo (2007)

Amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta), generated by proteolysis of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases, play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Inflammation is also believed to be integral to the pathogenesis of AD. Here we show that prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a strong inducer of inflammation, stimulates the production of Abeta in cultured human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 or human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, both of which express a mutant type of APP. We have demonstrated using subtype-specific agonists that, of the four main subtypes of PGE(2) receptors (EP(1-4)), EP(4) receptors alone or EP(2) and EP(4) receptors together are responsible for this PGE(2)-stimulated production of Abeta in HEK293 or SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. An EP(4) receptor antagonist suppressed the PGE(2)-stimulated production of Abeta in HEK293 cells. This stimulation was accompanied by an increase in cellular cAMP levels, and an analogue of cAMP stimulated the production of Abeta, demonstrating that increases in the cellular level of cAMP are responsible for the PGE(2)-stimulated production of Abeta. Immunoblotting experiments and direct measurement of gamma-secretase activity suggested that PGE(2)-stimulated production of Abeta is mediated by activation ofgamma-secretase but not of beta-secretase. Transgenic mice expressing the mutant type of APP showed lower levels of Abeta in the brain, when they were crossed with mice lacking either EP(2) or EP(4) receptors, suggesting that PGE(2)-mediated activation of EP(2) and EP(4) receptors is involved in the production of Abeta in vivo and in the pathogenesis of AD.
GFAP at 50 (2020)

Fifty years have passed since the discovery of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by Lawrence Eng and colleagues. Now recognized as a member of the intermediate filament family of proteins, it has become a subject for study in fields as diverse as structural biology, cell biology, gene expression, basic neuroscience, clinical genetics and gene therapy. This review covers each of these areas, presenting an overview of current understanding and controversies regarding GFAP with the goal of stimulating continued study of this fascinating protein.