gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
원저 : IMF와 경기침체 전후 음독자살 환자에 대한 분석 -1997년부터 2004년까지 일개 대학병원 응급센터 연구조사를 중심으로- (2005)

Purpose: Nowadays the Korean society is in the center of time of the social change. Because of dissociation of traditional family, IMF (International Monetary Fund) crisis and economic recession, the mortality rate of suicidal attempts are increasing annually. The majority of suicidal attempts were by poisoning considering the characteristics of korean society. Therefore we studied to find out the characteristics of suicidal poisoning before and after social economic stress , and to suggest the direction for the proper management. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 547 patients of suicide by poisoning who visited the emergency medical centers of St. Mary’s hospitals from 1997 to 2004. For the annual trends analysis, we analyzed the demographic and toxicologic data of these patients compared with before and after IMF crisis (1998) and the economic recession (2003~2004) . Results: At the time of IMF and the economic recession, the number of suicidal poisoning increased, especially in fifth decade. The refusal rate of toxicological emergency treatment increased. Also the mortality rate and the admission rate to ICU (Intensive Care Unit) increased during the same period. In the result of the comparison analysis, clinical severity and mortality of social problem group were higher. However they couldn``t be treated appropriately because of financial problem and the family indifference. Conclusion: At the economic recession period, the severity of suicidal poisoned patients was high. But the refusal rate of toxicologic treatment also increased, so the patients had lost the chance for proper toxicologic treatment. Therefore they would be supported by medical institution and public health.
Kinematic modelling for robot calibration (2005)

There is a considerable amount of literature dealing with robot calibration. A classification hierarchy of calibration procedures is discussed which groups robot calibration by objective. The state of the art for each classification is discussed with citations from recent literature. Several proposed models are described. Based upon the common assumption of all lower pair joints, three concepts are discussed which may be applied for comparing most of the calibration models proposed in the literature. These concepts are completeness, equivalence, and proportionality. Each of these are discussed in detail in the text. Attention is also paid to the possibility that joints may actually be higher pairs. Although this possibility is commonly accepted in coordinate measuring machine calibration, it is not widely recognized in the robot literature. The paper discusses possible causes and effects of higher order joint pairs and demonstrates how they might be modeled.
Generalized frequency hopping OFDMA through unknown frequency-selective multipath channels (2002)

The generalized frequency hopping (GFH) OFDMA system developed in this paper permeates FH benefits to multicarrier CDMA transmissions through unknown frequency-selective multipath channels. No single user suffers from consistent fading effects and multiuser interference is eliminated by design. Constellation-irrespective channel identifiability is guaranteed, and a host of blind channel estimation algorithms are developed, trading off complexity with performance. An important variant corresponding to fast-hopping is also addressed. Performance analysis and simulation results illustrate the merits of GFH-OFDMA relative to conventional OFDMA and long code CDMA with RAKE reception.
Oxazaphosphorines: new therapeutic strategies for an old class of drugs (2010)

An increased knowledge of oxazaphosphorines' metabolism and toxicity may allow the development of new anticancer drugs combined with drug delivery systems to circumvent drug toxicity, providing increased tumoral specificity and greater anticancer activity.
Smart Polymeric Cathode Material with Intrinsic Overcharge Protection Based on a 2,5‐Di‐<i>tert</i>‐butyl‐ 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene Core Structure (2012)

Abstract Polymer‐based electroactive materials have been studied and applied in energy storage systems as a valid replacement for transition metal oxides. As early as 1999, Hass et al. proposed an interesting concept on the possible incorporation of both charge storage and overcharge protection functionality into a single material. However, there are virtually no examples of polymeric materials that can not only store the charge, but also consume the overcharge current. Herein, a new material based on a cross‐linked polymer ( I ) with 2,5‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐1,4‐dimethoxybenzene as the core structure is reported. The cyclic voltammogram of the synthesized polymer shows a single oxidation/reduction peak at 3.9–4.0 V. At 1C rate (56 mA/g), polymer I shows stable cycling up to 200 cycles with <10% capacity loss. The redox shuttle mechanism remarkably can be activated when cell voltage is elevated to 4.3 V and the overcharge plateau at 4.2 V (2 nd plateau) is persistent for more than 100 hours. The overcharge protection was due to the release of a chemical redox shuttle species in the electrolyte during the initial charging process. Both DFT calculations and NMR analysis of the aromatic signals in the 1 H‐NMR spectrum of electrolytes from “overcharged” cells provide evidence for this hypothesis.
Multistrand Structure Prediction of Nucleic Acid Assemblies and Design of RNA Switches (2016)

RNA is an attractive material for the creation of molecular logic gates that release programmed functionalities only in the presence of specific molecular interaction partners. Here we present HyperFold, a multistrand RNA/DNA structure prediction approach for predicting nucleic acid complexes that can contain pseudoknots. We show that HyperFold also performs competitively compared to other published folding algorithms. We performed a large variety of RNA/DNA hybrid reassociation experiments for different concentrations, DNA toehold lengths, and G+C content and find that the observed tendencies for reassociation correspond well to computational predictions. Importantly, we apply this method to the design and experimental verification of a two-stranded RNA molecular switch that upon binding to a single-stranded RNA toehold disease-marker trigger mRNA changes its conformation releasing an shRNA-like Dicer substrate structure. To demonstrate the concept, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) mRNA were chosen as trigger and target sequences, respectively. In vitro experiments confirm the formation of an RNA switch and demonstrate that the functional unit is being released when the trigger RNA interacts with the switch toehold. The designed RNA switch is shown to be functional in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Several other switches were also designed and tested. We conclude that this approach has considerable potential because, in principle, it allows the release of an siRNA designed against a gene that differs from the gene that is utilized as a biomarker for a disease state.
Multispectral imaging via nanostructured random broadband filtering (2020)

It is a challenge to acquire a snapshot image of very high resolutions in both spectral and spatial domain via a single short exposure. In this setting one cannot trade time for spectral resolution, such as via spectral bands scanning. Cameras of color filter arrays (CFA) (e.g., the Bayer mosaic) cannot obtain high spectral resolution. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a new multispectral imaging system that makes random linear broadband measurements of the spectrum via a nanostructured multispectral filter array (MSFA). These MSFA random measurements can be used by sparsity-based recovery algorithms to achieve much higher spectral resolution than conventional CFA cameras, without sacrificing spatial resolution. The key innovation is to jointly exploit both spatial and spectral sparsity properties that are inherent to spectral irradiance of natural objects. Experimental results establish the superior performance of the proposed multispectral imaging system over existing ones.
Electrical and Magnetic Field-Sensitive Smart Polymer Gels (2001)

The idea of intelligent and smart materials evolved in the late 1980s with the purpose of establishing a new area in material science to take into account the interrelation between materials and the natural (external) environment [1-4]. The term smart materials refers to a class of monolithic and composite media having inherent intelligence together with self-adaptive capabilities to external stimuli. This newly developed concept aims to create artificially designed systems possessing sensor, processor, and actuator functions internally in the material itself. Electrical field-and magnetic field-responsive materials are a specific subset of smart materials which can adaptively change their physical properties in an external electrical or magnetic field, respectively. At present, there are several adaptive materials that can actuate or alter their properties in response to a changing environment. Certain polymer gels represent one class of these materials [5, 6]. Their unique properties based on volume phase transition as a response to a small change in external conditions make such systems useful. Application of the principles in engineering promises new materials and technologies with a broad spectrum of biomedical and chemical applications including muscle-like soft linear actuators in advanced robotics, micromachines, biomimetic energy-transducing devices, selective absorbents, sensors, and controlled drug-delivery systems.
Direct Coupling of Solid-Phase Microextraction with Mass Spectrometry: Sub-pg/g Sensitivity Achieved Using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Source (2016)

We report a new strategy for the direct coupling of Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) with mass spectrometry, based on thermal desorption of analytes extracted on the fibers, followed by ionization by a dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source. Limits of detection as low as 0.3 pg/mL and a linear dynamic range of ≥3 orders of magnitude were achieved, with a very simple and reproducible approach. Different from direct analysis in real time (DART), desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), or low-temperature plasma (LTP), the desorption of the analytes from the SPME devices in our setup is completely separated from the ionization event. This enhances the reproducibility of the method and minimizes ion suppression phenomena. The analytes were quantitatively transferred from the SPME to the DBDI source, and the use of an active capillary ionization embodiment of the DBDI source greatly enhanced the ion transmission to the MS. This, together with the extraordinary sensitivity of DBDI, allowed subpg/mL sensitivities to be reached and to skip conventional and time-consuming chromatographic separation.
[Study on dry matter accumulations of Houttuynia cordata on heavy loam]. (2002)

In this paper the characteristics of dry matter accumulation of Houttuynia cordata cultivated on three kinds of heavy loams were studied. The results showed that the accumulated curves of whole plant dry matter were somewhat different. During testing period, the accumulated curves of dry matter of Houttuynia cordata grown on clay silt loam and silt sand loam presented logistic ones, but those grown on sandy silt loam were still in line growth period. It was concluded that the harvest period of Houttuynia cordata on the sandy silt loam could be properly put off while only considered the yielding. The experiment on heavy loam also showed that the sandy field should be the better selection than others, but organic fertilizer should be enhanced as base fertilizer, with proper nitrogen as top application. This paper also discussed the dry matter accumulations of different organs of Houttuynia cordata.
Specific depletion reveals a novel role for neutrophil‐mediated protection in the liver during <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection (2011)

Previous studies have suggested that neutrophils are required for resistance during infection with multiple pathogenic microorganisms. However, the depleting antibody used in those studies binds to both Ly6G and Ly6C (anti-Gr-1; clone RB6-8C5). This antibody has been shown to deplete not only neutrophils but also monocytes and a subset of CD8(+) T cells. Recently, an antibody against Ly6G, which specifically depletes neutrophils, was characterized. In the present study, neutrophils are depleted using the antibody against Ly6G during infection with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Our data show that neutrophil-depleted mice are much less susceptible to infection than mice depleted with anti-Gr-1. Although neutrophils are required for clearance of LM, their importance is more pronounced in the liver and during a high-dose bacterial challenge. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the protection mediated by neutrophils is due to the production of TNF-α, but not IFN-γ. Additionally, neutrophils are not required for the recruitment of monocytes or the generation of adaptive T-cell responses during LM infection. This study highlights the importance of neutrophils during LM infection, and indicate that depletion of neutrophils is less detrimental to the host than depletion of all Gr-1-expressing cell populations.
Design and Realization of Three-Phase/Level/Switch(VIENNA) Rectifier (2014)

Compared with the traditional two-level converter, the output level number of multi-level converter increases and the output waveform ladder increases, so it is more close to the target modulated waves. This paper analyzed the working principle of a threephase/level/switch(VIENNA) rectifi er, discussed the implementation of the circuit, and introduced the design of the main circuit and sampling circuit in detail. An 800 W experimental platform was built. TMS320F2812 DSP was used to realize the control algorithm. Experimental results show that the designed circuit can meet the preconcerted requirements in possession of wide prospect for application of industrial control.
Assessment of Internationalised Domain Name Homograph Attack Mitigation (2009)

With the advent of internationalised domains the threat posed by non-english character sets has eventuated. Whilst this phenomenon remains well known in the development and internet industry the actual implementations of popular applications have been tested to determine their resilience to homograph based attack. The research found that most provided features that overcome such attacks, but there remain a few notable exceptions. Should an attacker take advantage of such oversights a victim would likely not be able to spot a fraudulent site or email and thus provide a perfect platform for subsequent attack.
Binding energy of the donor-phonon system in quantum well wires (1986)

The binding energy for the lowest bound state of a hydrogenic donor placed on the axis of a GaAs-GaAlAs quantum well were is calculated within the framework of the strong-coupling formalism of the polaron theory. The results indicate that the effect of electron-phonon coupling on the binding is very significant and even much more pronounced than that in quasi-two-dimensional quantum well structures.
A Throughput Model of TCP-FSO/ADFR for Free-Space Optical Satellite Communications (2019)

We developed an analytic characterization of the steady-state throughput of a free-space optical satellite communications (FSOSC) system which includes an ultra-high-speed transmission control protocol for FSOSC (TCP-FSO) and an adaptive- distributed-frame-repetition (ADFR) technique. Our model captures the effects of forward error correction (FEC) on optical transponders, overhead on an Ethernet link-up, error recovery on ADFR, and the congestion/retransmission controls of TCP. We conducted measurements using a testbed system including an FSOSC emulator. Our results validated our model estimates the throughput in FSOSC with sufficient accuracy. The model can estimate approximate throughput even in cases with many packet errors and large delay, for example, a 32% bit-error ratio (56% packet error ratio) and 500 millisecond round trip delay. Throughputs in various FSOSC conditions can be calculated easily with the model.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques on Prediction of Future Processor Performance (2018)

Today, processors utilize many datapath resources with various sizes. In this study, we focus on single thread microprocessors, and apply machine learning techniques to predict processors' future performance trend by collecting and processing processor statistics. This type of a performance prediction can be useful for many ongoing computer architecture research topics. Today, these studies mostly rely on history-and threshold-based prediction schemes, which collect statistics and decide on new resource configurations depending on the results of those threshold conditions at runtime. The proposed offline training-based machine learning methodology is an orthogonal technique, which may further improve the performance of such existing algorithms. We show that our neural network based prediction mechanism achieves around 70% accuracy for predicting performance trend (gain or loss in the near future) of applications. This is a noticeably better result compared to accuracy results obtained by naïve history based prediction models.
Reflexões sobre o dever fundamental de proteção do meio ambiente pela sociedade e pelo Estado (2016)

This article aims to analyze the task of environmental protection and defense from the comparative perspective of the existence of a fundamental duty inherent to all Brazilian and Portuguese citizens as a result of the normative text presented in the constitutions of the two countries. We present data which proves that neither society nor the State adequately fulfill the fundamental duty of protection and defense of the environment. To solve the problem, the article presents a proposal for greater political and social participation of citizens through active citizenship, so that they could directly interfere in public policies, thus, fulfilling its fundamental duty to protect the environment.
SAFETY: Early Detection and Mitigation of TCP SYN Flood Utilizing Entropy in SDN (2018)

Software defined networking (SDN) is an emerging network paradigm which emphasizes the separation of the control plane from the data plane. This decoupling provides several advantages such as flexibility, programmability, and centralized control. However, SDN also introduces new vulnerabilities due to the required communication between data plane and control plane. Examples of threats that leverage such vulnerabilities are the control plane saturation and switch buffer overflow attacks. These attacks can be launched by flooding the TCP SYN packets from data plane (i.e., switches) to the control plane. This paper presents SAFETY, a novel solution for the early detection and mitigation of TCP SYN flooding. SAFETY harnesses the programming and wide visibility approach of SDN with entropy method to determine the randomness of the flow data. The entropy information includes destination IP and few attributes of TCP flags. To show the feasibility and effectiveness of SAFETY, we implement it as an extension module in Floodlight controller and evaluate it under different conditional scenarios. We run a thorough evaluation of our implementation through extensive emulation via Mininet. The experimental results show that when compared to the state-of-the-art, SAFETY brings a significant improvement (13%) regarding processing delay experienced by a legitimate node. Other parameters such as CPU utilization at the controller and attack detection time are also examined and shows improvement in various scenarios.
A 135&#x2013;160 GHz balanced frequency doubler in 45 nm CMOS with 3.5 dBm peak power (2014)

A 135-160 GHz active doubler has been developed in 45 nm CMOS SOI. Careful optimization is done on the transistor size, layout and transmission-lines in order to result in the best performance. The doubler shows a measured peak power of +3.5 dBm at 150 GHz and > 2 dBm at 140-160 GHz, at a bias voltage of 1 V. These were achieved at an input power of 7-8 dBm at 70-80 GHz, resulting in a conversion gain of -4 to -5 dBm. To our knowledge, these are the best results achieved for a D-band doubler in SiGe or CMOS, and shows that advanced CMOS technology can be used to generate wideband power above 100 GHz.
Familial Tetralogy of Fallot caused by mutation in the jagged1 gene (2001)

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common form of complex congenital heart disease, occurring in approximately 1 in 3000 live births. Evaluation of candidate loci in a large kindred segregating autosomal dominant ToF with reduced penetrance culminated in identification of a missense mutation (G274D) in JAG1, the gene encoding jagged1, a Notch ligand expressed in the developing right heart. Nine of eleven mutation carriers manifested cardiac disease, including classic ToF, ventricular septal defect with aortic dextroposition and isolated peripheral pulmonic stenosis (PPS). All forms of ToF were represented, including variants with pulmonic stenosis, pulmonic atresia and absent pulmonary valve. No individual within this family met diagnostic criteria for any previously described clinical syndrome, including Alagille syndrome (AGS), caused by haploinsufficiency for jagged1. All mutation carriers had characteristic but variable facial features, including long, narrow and upslanting palpebral fissures, prominent nasal bridge, square dental arch and broad, prominent chin. This appearance was distinct from that of unaffected family members and typical AGS patients. The glycine corresponding to position 274 is highly conserved in other epidermal growth factor-like domains of jagged1 and in those of other proteins. Its substitution in other proteins has been associated with mild or atypical variants of disease. These data support either a relative loss-of-function or a gain-of-function pathogenetic mechanism in this family and suggest that JAG1 mutations may contribute significantly to common variants of right heart obstructive disease.
Strained Silicon Nanowire Transistors With Germanium Source and Drain Stressors (2008)

We report the first demonstration of pure germanium (Ge) source/drain (S/D) stressors on the ultranarrow or ultrathin Si S/D regions of nanowire FETs with gate lengths down to 5 nm. Ge S/D compressively strains the channel to provide up to ~ 100% <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> enhancement. We also introduce a novel Melt-Enhanced Dopant diffusion and activation technique to form fully embedded Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</sub> S/D stressors in nanowire FETs, further boosting the channel strain and achieving ~ 125% <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> enhancement.