gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Organizing Maps and Scale-Invariant Maps in Echo State Networks (2011)

In the last years a new approach for designing and training artificial Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) have been investigated under the name of Reservoir Computing (RC). One important model in the field of RC has been developed under the name of Echo State Networks (ESNs). Traditionally, an ESN uses a RNN with random untrained parameters called the reservoir. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and the Scale Invariant Map (SIM) are two methods of topographic maps which have been used in different tasks of unsupervised learning. Recently, new works show that is effective using the SOM to set values of the reservoir parameters. The primary goal of this work is to improve the performance of ESN using the another method SIM. Here, we present the description of these two topographic map methods and the way to apply its on the ESN initialization. We specify an original algorithm to set the reservoir weights using the SOM and SIM. Furthermore, we use artificial data set to compare the use of topographic maps to initialize the ESN with random initialization. Overall, our results show the aptitude of SIM and SOM to set the reservoir parameters.
Building a Better Book in the Browser (Using Semantic Web technologies and HTML5) (2015)

The library as place and service continues to be shaped by the legacy of the book. The book itself has evolved in recent years, with various technologies vying to become the next dominant book form. In this article, we discuss the design and development of our prototype software from Montana State University (MSU) Library for presenting books inside of web browsers. The article outlines the contextual background and technological potential for publishing traditional book content through the web using open standards. Our prototype demonstrates the application of HTML5, structured data with RDFa and Schema.org markup, linked data components using JSON-LD, and an API-driven data model. We examine how this open web model impacts discovery, reading analytics, eBook production, and machine-readability for libraries considering how to unite software development and publishing.
Robust extended Kalman filtering (1999)

Linearization errors inherent in the specification of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) can severely degrade its performance. This correspondence presents a new approach to the robust design of a discrete-time EKF by application of the robust linear design methods based on the H/sub /spl infin// norm minimization criterion. The results of simulations are presented to demonstrate an advantage for signal demodulation and nonlinear equalization applications.
MHD-Stabilization of Axisymmetric Mirror Systems Using Pulsed ECRH (2009)

This paper, part of a continuing study of means for the stabilization of MHD interchange modes in axisymmertric mirror-based plasma confinement systems, is aimed at a preliminary look at a technique that would employ a train of plasma pressure pulses produced by ECRH to accomplish the stabilization. The purpose of using sequentially pulsed ECRH rather than continuous-wave ECRH is to facilitate the localization of the heated-electron plasma pulses in regions of the magnetic field with a strong positive field-line curvature, e. g. in the 'expander' region of the mirror magnetic field, outside the outermost mirror, or in other regions of the field with positive field-line curvature. The technique proposed, of the class known as 'dynamic stabilization,' relies on the time-averaged effect of plasma pressure pulses generated in regions of positive field-line curvature to overcome the destabilizing effect of plasma pressure in regions of negative field-line curvature within the confinement region. As will also be discussed in the paper, the plasma pulses, when produced in regions of the confining having a negative gradient, create transient electric potentials of ambipolar origin, an effect that was studied in 1964 in The PLEIDE experiment in France. These electric fields preserve the localization of the hot-electron plasma pulses for a time determined by ion inertia. It is suggested that it may be possible to use this result of pulsed ECRH not only to help to stabilize the plasma but also to help plug mirror losses in a manner similar to that employed in the Tandem Mirror.
On detecting and repairing inconsistent schema mappings (2009)

Huge amount of data flows around the Internet every second, but for the data to be useful at its destination, it must be presented in a way such that the target has little problem interpreting it. Current data exchange technologies may rearrange the structure of data to suit expectations at the target. However, there may be semantics behind data (e.g. knowing the title of a book can determine its #pages) that may be violated after data translation. These semantics are expressed as integrity constraints (IC) in a database. Currently, there is no guarantee that the exchanged data conforms to the target’s ICs. As a result, existing applications (e.g. user queries) that assume such semantics will no longer function correctly. Current constraint repair techniques deal with data after it has been translated; thus take no consideration of the integrity constraints at the source. Moreover, such constraint repair methods usually involve addition/deletion/modification of data, which may yield incomplete or false data. We consider the constraints of both source and target schemas; together with the mapping, we can efficiently detect which constraint is violated and suggest ways to correct the mappings.
Cdk5-mediated Phosphorylation of Liprinα1 is Critical for Synaptic Plasticity (2016)

The precise regulation of synaptic plasticity is crucial for proper nervous system functioning. For example, changes in the molecular composition of the postsynaptic region regulate synaptic plasticity, which underlies learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that such changes in postsynaptic composition can be regulated by the serine/threonine kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). To better understand how Cdk5 regulates synaptic plasticity, it is important to identify Cdk5 substrates and characterize their functions. Liprinα1, a member of the liprinα family, interacts with the LAR family of transmembrane proteintyrosine phosphatases, which are important for synaptic maintenance. Here, we found that liprinα1 is highly expressed in postsynaptic regions and can be phosphorylated by Cdk5. Knockdown of liprinα1 in hippocampalneurons by shRNA significantly reduced dendrite numbers and dendritic spine protrusion density, which can be rescued by the overexpression of RNAi-resistant wild-type liprinα1. Importantly, liprinα1 phosphorylation dramatically reduced dendritic spine density and impaired their maturation. Blockade of liprinα1 phosphorylation by a small interfering peptide promoted spine morphogenesis and maturation. Furthermore, the treatment of acute mouse hippocampal slices with the interfering peptide enhanced synaptic plasticity, as demonstrated by enhanced long-term potentiation. These findings collectively reveal an important role of the Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of liprinα1 in hippocampal synaptic function and plasticity.
Visibility in Event-Based Systems (2005)

Events are of increasing importance in modern distributed systems. Growing interconnectivity and continuous evolution demand a loose coupling of communicating parties that traditional paradigms like request/reply can hardly provide. The event-based computing paradigm offers the required flexibility, but existing work has neglected problems of system engineering and management. Today's event-based systems mostly rely on flat design spaces and they are unstructured. Notification services convey data by matching it with issued subscriptions, not distinguishing subsets within the complete set of consumers. This results in a growing complexity that is hard to control, raising security, management, engineering, and scalability issues. This thesis presents a scoping concept for event-based systems. Scopes reify system structure and hierarchically arrange groups of producers, consumers, and other scopes in directed acyclic graphs. They limit the visibility of notifications and govern their distribution within this structure. Scopes provide both a design-time tool and an implementation framework that addresses the aforementioned problems; they control side effects, decompose the system, and allow for adaption and management of its parts.
The Resolution of Orientation Space With Reference to Pole‐Figure Resolution (1980)

The orientation distribution function depends on the measured pole‐figure data structure. With reference to the divisions of the pole‐figure the orientation space is divided into classes, such that contain orientations indistinguishable on the basis of pole‐figure data. These classes should refer to distinguishable values of the orientation distribution function. Divisions of orientation space are considered in formulating the fundamental equation of texture analysis. Probabilistic interpretation of the fundamental equation is formulated.
C6orf10 Low-Frequency and Rare Variants in Italian Multiple Sclerosis Patients (2019)

In light of the complex nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the recently estimated contribution of low-frequency variants into disease, decoding its genetic risk components requires novel variant prioritization strategies. We selected, by reviewing MS Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), 107 candidate loci marked by intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a remarkable association (<i>p</i>-value ≤ 5 × 10<sup>-6</sup>). A whole exome sequencing (WES)-based pilot study of SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤ 0.04, conducted in three Italian families, revealed 15 exonic low-frequency SNPs with affected parent-child transmission. These variants were detected in 65/120 Italian unrelated MS patients, also in combination (22 patients). Compared with databases (controls gnomAD, dbSNP150, ExAC, Tuscany-1000 Genome), the allelic frequencies of <i>C6orf10</i> rs16870005 and <i>IL2RA</i> rs12722600 were significantly higher (i.e., controls gnomAD, <i>p</i> = 9.89 × 10<sup>-7</sup> and <i>p</i> < 1 × 10<sup>-20</sup>). <i>TET2</i> rs61744960 and <i>TRAF3</i> rs138943371 frequencies were also significantly higher, except in Tuscany-1000 Genome. Interestingly, the association of <i>C6orf10</i> rs16870005 (Ala431Thr) with MS did not depend on its linkage disequilibrium with the <i>HLA-DRB1</i> locus. Sequencing in the MS cohort of the <i>C6orf10</i> 3' region revealed 14 rare mutations (10 not previously reported). Four variants were null, and significantly more frequent than in the databases. Further, the <i>C6orf10</i> rare variants were observed in combinations, both intra-locus and with other low-frequency SNPs. The <i>C6orf10</i> Ser389Xfr was found homozygous in a patient with early onset of the MS. Taking into account the potentially functional impact of the identified exonic variants, their expression in combination at the protein level could provide functional insights in the heterogeneous pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to MS.
Systematic prediction of genes functionally associated with bacterial retrons and classification of the encoded tripartite systems (2020)

Bacterial retrons consist of a reverse transcriptase (RT) and a contiguous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) gene. One third of annotated retrons carry additional open reading frames (ORFs), the contribution and significance of which in retron biology remains to be determined. In this study we developed a computational pipeline for the systematic prediction of genes specifically associated with retron RTs based on a previously reported large dataset representative of the diversity of prokaryotic RTs. We found that retrons generally comprise a tripartite system composed of the ncRNA, the RT and an additional protein or RT-fused domain with diverse enzymatic functions. These retron systems are highly modular, and their components have coevolved to different extents. Based on the additional module, we classified retrons into 13 types, some of which include additional variants. Our findings provide a basis for future studies on the biological function of retrons and for expanding their biotechnological applications.
Rifampicin-induced non-responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment in nephrotic syndrome. (1979)

Rifampicin-induced non-responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment in nephrotic syndromeThe nephrotic syndrome in childhood is usually of the minimal-change variety.At least 95% of children with this lesion respond to adequate corticosteroid treatment.Failure to respond is an indication for renal biopsy to exclude a more sinister glomerular lesion.We report the case of a boy whose failure to respond was not due to progressive glomerular disease but to a drug interaction.Case report
Polyamino Acids That Inhibit the Interaction of Yeast Translational Elongation Factor-3 (EF-3) with Ribosomes (1994)

EF-3 is a translational elongation factor specific to yeasts and fungi. Its carboxy-terminal region contains three lysine-clusters and is very basic. The region has been reported to be responsible for the interaction with ribosomes [Ishiyama, A., Ogawa, K., & Miyazaki, M. (1992) in Abstracts of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan, p.190]. To find specific inhibitors for the interaction of EF-3 with ribosomes, the effects of two basic polyamino acids, poly-L-(Lys) and poly-L-(Arg), and two acidic polyamino acids, poly-L-(Asp) and poly-L-(Glu), were examined using two assay systems for ATPase of EF-3. One was for the ribosome-activated ATPase and the other for the intrinsic (ribosome-independent) ATPase of EF-3. Basic polyamino acids were expected to act as analogues of the carboxy-terminal region of EF-3, and acidic ones to interact with EF-3. The basic polyamino acids inhibited the ribosome-activated ATPase, but they also inhibited the intrinsic one more effectively. Acidic polyamino acids, poly-L-(Asp) and poly-L-(Glu), inhibited the ribosome-activated ATPase but not the intrinsic one. Thus, acidic polyamino acids could be specific inhibitors of the interaction between EF-3 and ribosomes. Furthermore, a system for detecting the binding of EF-3 to ribosomes was constructed. That is, ribosome-bound EF-3 was detected by measuring the ATPase on precipitated ribosomes after a mixture of EF-3 and ribosomes had been ultracentrifuged. Using this system, poly-L-(Asp) was shown to inhibit the binding of EF-3 to ribosomes directly.
Predictions of Munsell values with the same perceived lightness at any specified chroma irrespective of hues—Determination of any tonal colors (2010)

Abstract Simple formulas are proposed for predicting the Munsell value of colors with the same tone (the same values for whiteness‐blackness, perceived lightness, and chroma irrespective of hue). The formulas can be used for any tone. In other words, the method can determine the Munsell value with the same perceived lightness at any specified chroma irrespective of hue. The chromatic strength (CS) function is only used for the derivations. The formulas are very simple, and can be used not only in the colorimetry but also in the color design field. The concept described in this study is that a common CS function can be used for transforming each of the three color attributes (hue, lightness, and chroma) from their uniform color space metric to their corresponding color appearance space attribute. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Nanoscale metamaterial optical waveguides with ultrahigh refractive indices (2012)

We propose deep-subwavelength optical waveguides based on metal–dielectric multilayer indefinite metamaterials with ultrahigh effective refractive indices. Waveguide modes with different mode orders are systematically analyzed with numerical simulations based on both metal–dielectric multilayer structures and the effective medium approach. The dependences of waveguide mode indices, propagation lengths, and mode areas on different mode orders, free-space wavelengths, and sizes of waveguide cross sections are studied. Furthermore, waveguide modes are also illustrated with iso-frequency contours in the wave vector space in order to investigate the mechanism of waveguide mode cutoff for high-order modes. The deep-subwavelength optical waveguide with a size smaller than λ0/50 and a mode area in the order of 10−4λ02 is realized, and an ultrahigh effective refractive index up to 62.0 is achieved at the telecommunication wavelength. This new type of metamaterial optical waveguide opens up opportunities for various applications in enhanced light–matter interactions.
6p21.3 microdeletion involving the <i>SYNGAP1</i> gene in a patient with intellectual disability, seizures, and severe speech impairment (2013)

The chromosome 6p21.3 microdeletion phenotype was recently identified through array comparative genomic hybridization. The main features are developmental delay with severe speech impairment, seizures, and behavioral abnormalities. Three patients have been reported with deletion sizes ranging from 100 to 800 kb. We report on a 9-year-old boy with an apparently de novo, 50 kb deletion, and global developmental delay, severe speech impairment, and generalized epilepsy well-controlled by medication. There were four genes identified in this deletion, of which SYNGAP1 is considered to be responsible for speech impairment and epilepsy. We compared the clinical features of this patient with previously reported patients with 6p21.3 and patients with SYNGAP1 mutations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A microstrip patch antenna oscillator for reflectarray applications (2004)

In this paper we introduce a new approach for beam steering in reflectarray applications. The phase of the reradiated field is controlled by using an oscillator integrated with a varactor loaded patch. In the paper the main features of the proposed approach are presented and discussed analyzing the reflection phase of a single reflectarray element.
Efficient Motion Planning for an <i>L</i>-Shaped Object (1992)

An algorithm that solves the following motion-planning problem is presented. Given an L-shaped body L and a two-dimensional region with n point obstacles, decide whether there is a continuous motion connecting two given positions and orientations of L during which L avoids collision with the obstacles. The algorithm requires $O(n^2 \log ^2 n)$ time and $O(n^2 )$ storage. The algorithm is a variant of the cell-decomposition technique of the configuration space [D. Leven and M. Sharir, J. Algorithms, 8 (1987), pp. 192–215], [J. T. Schwartz and M. Sharir, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 36 (1983), pp. 345–398], but it employs a new and efficient technique for obtaining a compact representation of the free space, which results in a saving of nearly an order of magnitude. The approach used in our algorithm is also applicable to motion planning of certain robotic arms whose spaces of free placements have a structure similar to that of the L-shaped body.
Tarp and Arp: How <i>Chlamydia</i> induces its own entry (2004)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Utveckling av en LC-MS-metod för analys av gamma-hydroxibutyrat, gamma-butyrolakton, 1,4-butandiol, amfetamin och metadon (2007)

In this project a LC-MS-method for the analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,4-butanediol, amphetamine and methadone was developed. Initially, the efficiency of the ionisation of the analytes was evaluated with respect to the ionisation technique (ESI, APCI and APPI) and the composition of the mobile phase. In the next step a number of different columns was tested in order to find the one with the greatest potential for separation of the substances in question. Using the selected column, the separation was optimised by means of experimental design and the software The Unscrambler 7.8. The parameters studied were the flow rate, the column temperature and the mobile phase composition. The response variables were the resolution between the target compounds and the retention time of the last eluting compound. These experiments showed that, in order to obtain the best ionisation, the mobile phase should consist of 5 mM formic acid in water and acetonitrile. ESI should be used in the positive mode for all analytes except gamma-hydroxybutyrate, for which the negative mode should be applied. The Hypercarb column exhibited superior retention of the analytes and was therefore selected for further optimisation. The dimensions of this column were 2.1 x 50 mm and the particle size 5 μm, connected to a 2.1 x 10 mm precolumn containing the same packing material. The optimum of the flow rate and the column temperature were 250 μl/min and 20 ºC respectively. For the separation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol the mobile phase consisted of 100% water with 5 mM formic acid. Thereafter a gradient, up to 70% acetonitrile with 5 mM formic acid, was used in order to elute amphetamine and methadone. Efforts were also made to find an internal standard for the method. However, none of the compounds tested was found suitable. In order to get the method usable for routine analysis, which is the goal, further work is required. A suitable internal standard needs to be added to the method and thereafter work remains with validation of the method.
The Missing Link Between Blockchain and Copyright: How Companies Are Using New Technology to Misinform Creators and Violate Federal Law (2018)

Blockchain technology has been hailed as a world-altering breakthrough that will change the ways information is stored, contracts are executed, and transactions are made.Blockchains are being integrated into a myriad of industries, but the law has been slow to respond to these implementations.However, this has not stopped supemerging companies, like Ascribe, 1 from trumpeting blockchain as the new platform for copyright protection.Although buzz about the technology is fairly recent and its potential applications are far from fully understood, startups are trying to capitalize early on blockchain's potential by offering users services that are misleading and, sometimes, illegal.This Recent Development highlights the danger of companies that purport to offer copyright registration and protection absent any supporting legal authority.In particular, Ascribe-a company claiming to be a one-stop-shop for copyright-offers services that violate the Copyright Act of 1976.This Recent Development discusses why Ascribe fails to deliver any transparency regarding copyright ownership and protection and calls upon Ascribe to change its business model to comply with current laws.
Width-modulation of Si photonic wires for quasi-phase-matching of four-wave-mixing: experimental and theoretical demonstration (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate quasi-phase-matched (QPM) four-wave-mixing (FWM) in silicon (Si) nanowire waveguides with sinusoidally modulated width. We perform discrete wavelength conversion over 250 nm, and observe 12 dB conversion efficiency (CE) enhancement for targeted wavelengths more than 100 nm away from the edge of the 3-dB conversion bandwidth. The QPM process in Si nanowires is rigorously modeled, with results explaining experimental observations. The model is further used to investigate the dependence of the CE on key device parameters, and to introduce devices that facilitate wavelength conversion between the C-band and mid-IR. Devices based on a superposition of sinusoidal gratings are investigated theoretically, and are shown to provide CE enhancement over the entire C-band. Width-modulation is further shown to be compatible with zero-dispersion-wavelength pumping for broadband wavelength conversion. The results indicate that QPM via width-modulation is an effective technique for extending the spectral domain of efficient FWM in Si waveguides.