gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Electronics Combines with MCM Technology to Create Multi-Chip Power Modules (1997)

Multi-Chip technology provided a packaging solution that allowed the full potential offast processors for computers. Now this same technology is being used to solve the dilemma of shrinking power electronics so that they can be used in emerging applications in transportation, communication and orbital power systems. A joint effort between the University of Arkansas 's Electrical Engineering department and high Density Electronics Center, an MCM foundry, has culminated in the creation ofa multi-chip power module (MCPM) that converts an induction motor into a variable speed drive. Such drives offer superior efficiency compared to their constant speed counterparts. The power module is a three-phase inverter containing both the gate drive and power switching circuitry on a single substrate that is made small enough so that the packaged device can be attached directly to the motor frame thus creating an integral 'smart motor'. The first phase of the project was to gain experience into the thermal, electrical, and substrate fabrication challenges associated with creating a relatively high powered circuit using thin-film deposition techniques. The second phase would bring the device closer to being implemented commercially and at a competitive price when compared to conventional inverters. This paper describes the design, fabrication and overall operation of the three-phase inverter. This project is designed to show that multi-chip technology can be an effective means of miniaturizing power electronic equipment while improving reliability.
Evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in non-human primates infected with SHIV or SIV (2021)

Achieving a functional cure is an important goal in the development of HIV therapy. Eliciting HIV-specific cellular immune responses has not been sufficient to achieve durable removal of HIV-infected cells due to the restriction on effective immune responses by mutation and establishment of latent reservoirs. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are an avenue to potentially develop more potent redirected cellular responses against infected T cells. We developed and tested a range of HIV- and SIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell reagents based on Env-binding proteins. In general, SHIV/SIV CAR T cells showed potent viral suppression in vitro, and adding additional CAR molecules in the same transduction resulted in more potent viral suppression than single CAR transduction. Importantly, the primary determinant of virus suppression potency by CAR was the accessibility to the Env epitope, and not the neutralization potency of the binding moiety. However, upon transduction of autologous T cells followed by infusion in vivo, none of these CAR T cells impacted either acquisition as a test of prevention, or viremia as a test of treatment. Our study illustrates limitations of the CAR T cells as possible antiviral therapeutics.
3-D Metric Reconstruction and Registration of Images of Near-planar Surfaces (2007)

In this study, we address the problem of 3-D dense metric reconstruction and registration from multiple images, given that the observed surface is nearly planar. This is difficult, as classical methods work well only if the scene is truly planar (mosaicing) or the scene has certain significant depth variations (classical Structure-from- Motion (SfM)). One domain in which this problem occurs is image analysis of the retinal fundus. Our approach is to first assume planarity, and perform 2-D global registration. A first bundle adjustment is applied to find the camera positions in metric space. We then select two images and compute the epipolar geometry between them using plane+parallax approach. These images are matched to generate a dense disparity map using mutual information. A second bundle adjustment is applied to transform the disparity map into a dense metric depth map, fixing the 2 camera positions. A third bundle adjustment is performed to refine both camera positions and a 3-D structure. All images are back-projected to the 3-D structure for the final registration. The entire process is fully automatic. In addition, a clear definition of "near-planarity " is provided. 3-D reconstruction is shown visually. The method is general, and can be applied to other domains, as shown in the experiments.
Atomic layer etching of GaN and AlGaN using directional plasma-enhanced approach (2017)

The directional atomic layer etching (ALE) of GaN and AlGaN has been developed. The GaN ALE process consists of cyclic Cl2 plasma chemisorption and Ar ion removal. The etch per cycle (EPC) was 0.4 nm within the self-limiting regime, which is 50 to 100 V. The root-mean-square surface roughness RRMS was 0.6 nm, which was improved from an initial roughness of 0.8 nm. For AlGaN ALE, BCl3 was added to the chlorine step to obtain a smooth surface with RRMS of 0.3 nm and stoichiometry similar to the initial sample. The ultra smooth surface obtained by etching is promising for use in next-generation power devices.
Equilibrium periodic separating reactors (1986)

A new unit operation is presented, which utilizes a rapid feed pressure swing cycle in a catalytic/adsorbent packed bed to effect both reaction and separation. This flow device combines a cyclic-steady-state pressure swing adsorber with a flow-forced catalytic reactor. Feed sequences for the pressure swing reactor (PSR) are those of rapid, single-bed pressure swing adsorbers (PSA). Only the case of extremely fast reactions is considered here. A perturbed reaction/adsorption equilibrium model is formulated and solved for different equilibrium constants and reaction stoichiometries for isothermal operation. The capacity and separation performance for PSRs can be the same order of magnitude as PSA alone. For reactions involving a single reactant and/or product, the principal component in a particular PSR exit stream depends upon both the reaction stoichiometry and feed fraction of the process cycle. The pressure dependency of the reaction equilibrium expression is the cause of separation reversals as parameters are varied.
A Novel Liquid Crystal Display: A Randomly-Oriented Nematic Liquid Crystal Display (RON-LCD) (1993)

Abstract A novel liquid crystal display: a Randomly-Oriented Nematic Liquid Crystal Display (RON-LCD) is demonstrated and the electro-optical properties are discussed compared with those of a Polymer Network Liquid Crystal Display (PN-LCD). The Homeotropic-RON-LCD with an 8 μm network layer and a 2 μm no-network layer has sufficient opaqueness at off-state and can be driven by lower voltage than the d = 10 μm PN-LCD. The resistivity of RON-LCD is improved by using a liquid crystal PN-011.
Identification of a Novel Class of Small-Molecule Antiangiogenic Agents through the Screening of Combinatorial Libraries Which Function by Inhibiting the Binding and Localization of Proteinase MMP2 to Integrin α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>3</sub> (2001)

The process of new blood vessel growth from existing vasculature, known as angiogenesis, is critical to several pathological conditions, most notably cancer. Both MMP2, which degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM), and integrin alpha(V)beta(3), which contributes to endothelial cell attachment to the ECM, are critically involved in this process. Recent findings have shown that MMP2 is localized in an active form on the surface of invasive endothelial cells based on its ability to directly bind integrin alpha(V)beta(3), suggesting that disrupting this protein--protein interaction may represent a new target for the development of angiogenesis inhibitors. The screening of small molecule libraries led to the identification of compounds which disrupt the MMP2--alpha(V)beta(3) interaction in an in vitro binding assay. A prototypical inhibitor was further found to prevent the degradation of the protein matrix without directly inhibiting MMP2 activity or disrupting the binding of alpha(V)beta(3) to its classical ECM ligand, vitronectin. The synthesis and screening of analogues and substructures of this lead compound allowed the identification of requisite structural features for inhibition of MMP2 binding to alpha(V)beta(3). This led to the synthesis of a more water-soluble derivative which maintains the in vitro biological properties and has potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in vivo, validating the target as one useful for therapeutic intervention.
<title>MODTRAN4-based atmospheric correction algorithm: FLAASH (fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes)</title> (2002)

Terrain categorization and target detection algorithms applied to Hyperspectral Imagery (HSI) typically operate on the measured reflectance (of sun and sky illumination) by an object or scene. Since the reflectance is a non-dimensional ratio, the reflectance by an object is nominally not affedted by variations in lighting conditions. Atmospheric Correction (also referred to as Atmospheric Compensation, Characterization, etc.) Algorithms (ACAs) are used in application of remotely sensed HSI datat to correct for the effects of atmospheric propagation on measurements acquired by air and space-borne systems. The Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) algorithm is an ACA created for HSI applications in the visible through shortwave infrared (Vis-SWIR) spectral regime. FLAASH derives its physics-based mathematics from MODTRAN4.
Residual Axial Capacity Comparison of CFFT and RC Bridge Columns after Fire (2015)

The fire performance of protected concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tube (CFFT) and conventional reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns is studied through two phases of experimental research comprised of fire exposure and residual axial capacity tests. Two one-fifth scale CFFT columns and two one-fifth scale conventional RC columns having similar axial and flexural capacities were subjected to two durations of extreme temperature exposure. The CFFT columns were protected by the Tyfo® CFP fire protection system during the experiments. Subsequently, the post-fire robustness of the columns was quantified by measuring the residual axial capacity characteristics of each column. The protected CFFT columns exhibited superior axial strength and stiffness retention compared to the RC columns after fire exposure.
Parametric dependencies for photoacoustic leak localization (2002)

Unintended gas or liquid leaks from manufactured components or manufacturing systems may be detrimental to consumers, manufacturers, and the environment. Thus, leak testing is important for quality, safety, and environmental reasons. This paper describes parametric dependencies for photoacoustic leak localization. The technique is based on the interaction of 10.6-micrometer radiation from a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and a photoactive tracer gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). For the current investigations, acoustic signals are generated by scanning a laser beam at high speed through gas plumes formed above calibrated leaks. These signals are remotely measured with a four-microphone linear array and analyzed using Bartlett and minimum-variance-distortionless (MVD) matched-field processing (MFP) techniques to determine leak location. This paper extends prior work in photoacoustic leak testing through (i) use of more signal frequencies; (ii) parametric study of four different laser scan rates; and (iii) examination of mismatch between the actual acoustic environment and the propagation model used in the MFP; and (iv) presentation of leak localization results on a curved surface. For a 12-watt CO2 laser exciting the small SF6 gas plume produced by a one-cm3-per-day leak with microphones placed 0.41 m from the leak location, root-mean-square localization uncertainties as small as +/-0.5 mm on a line scan of 0.46 m can be achieved when the largest possible number of signal frequencies fall in a measurement bandwidth of approximately 70 kHz.
Organocatalytic conversion of cellulose into a platform chemical (2012)

The search for a source of fuels and chemicals that is both abundant and renewable has become of paramount importance. The polysaccharide cellulose meets both criteria, and methods have been developed for its transformation into the platform chemical 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). These methods employ harsh reaction conditions or toxic heavy metal catalysts, deterring large-scale implementation. Here, we describe a low-temperature, one-pot route that uses <i>ortho</i>-carboxyl-substituted phenylboronic acids as organocatalysts in conjunction with hydrated magnesium chloride and mineral acids to convert cellulose and cellulose-rich municipal waste to HMF in yields comparable to processes that use toxic heavy metal catalysts. Isotopic labeling studies indicate that the key aldose-to-ketose transformation occurs via an enediol intermediate. The route, which also allows for facile catalyst recovery and recycling, provides a green prototype for cellulose conversion.
Lyme disease assay which detects killed Borrelia burgdorferi (1991)

We developed an in vitro assay showing that Borrelia burgdorferi organisms were killed by serum from patients with Lyme disease. Twenty of 20 Lyme disease serum samples caused B. burgdorferi killing in a range of 36 to 99% compared with the mean number of viable spirochetes when sera from 10 healthy individuals were used. The percentage of killing of B. burgdorferi increased with convalescent serum from patients with early Lyme disease. The borreliacidal activity was detectable in some sera diluted 640-fold and was abrogated after treatment with anti-human immunoglobulin G. In contrast, pooled or individual normal human serum did not cause a decrease in the number of viable B. burgdorferi. Borreliacidal activity was also not detected in sera from patients with relapsing fever, rocky mountain spotted fever, syphilis, mononucleosis, rheumatoid factor, or DNA antibodies. Our results show that borreliacidal activity can be used as a specific serodiagnostic test for detecting Lyme disease.
Near-perfect broadband absorption from hyperbolic metamaterial nanoparticles (2017)

Broadband absorbers are essential components of many light detection, energy harvesting, and camouflage schemes. Current designs are either bulky or use planar films that cause problems in cracking and delamination during flexing or heating. In addition, transferring planar materials to flexible, thin, or low-cost substrates poses a significant challenge. On the other hand, particle-based materials are highly flexible and can be transferred and assembled onto a more desirable substrate but have not shown high performance as an absorber in a standalone system. Here, we introduce a class of particle absorbers called transferable hyperbolic metamaterial particles (THMMP) that display selective, omnidirectional, tunable, broadband absorption when closely packed. This is demonstrated with vertically aligned hyperbolic nanotube (HNT) arrays composed of alternating layers of aluminum-doped zinc oxide and zinc oxide. The broadband absorption measures >87% from 1,200 nm to over 2,200 nm with a maximum absorption of 98.1% at 1,550 nm and remains large for high angles. Furthermore, we show the advantages of particle-based absorbers by transferring the HNTs to a polymer substrate that shows excellent mechanical flexibility and visible transparency while maintaining near-perfect absorption in the telecommunications region. In addition, other material systems and geometries are proposed for a wider range of applications.
Buffer replacement algorithms for multimedia storage systems (2002)

In a disk-based storage system, a buffer cache is used to reduce the number of disk I/Os. The buffer manager is responsible for buffer replacement to free memory in order to accommodate new data blocks from the disk. An optimal buffer replacement algorithm is one which yields the lowest number of cache misses and, as a result, the lowest number of disk I/Os. In general, optimal buffer replacement algorithms require future knowledge, and therefore cannot be realized. Thus, most storage systems use approximation algorithms such as the least-recently-used (LRU) and most-recently-used (MRU) buffer replacement algorithms. In this paper, we show that both of these algorithms yield poor performance when they are used in storage systems that provide support for continuous media data. We present two new buffer replacement algorithms-BASIC and DISTANCE-which reduce the cache misses by up to 30% as compared to LRU and MRU. Furthermore, in the simulation experiments we conducted, our new algorithms resulted in at most a 9.7% increase in cache misses as compared to the optimal algorithm when the videos are sufficiently long (i.e. longer than 30 minutes). Moreover, we show that the DISTANCE scheme incurs an overhead which is comparable to those of the LRU and MRU schemes. Our conclusion is that DISTANCE is a very suitable candidate for a buffer replacement scheme in storage systems that deal with continuous media data.
Computational Framework for Identification of Intact Glycopeptides in Complex Samples (2013)

Glycosylation is an important protein modification that involves enzymatic attachment of sugars to amino acid residues. Understanding the structure of these sugars and the effects of glycosylation are vital for developing indicators of disease development and progression. Although computational methods based on mass spectrometric data have proven to be effective in monitoring changes in the glycome, developing such methods for the glycoproteome are challenging, largely due to the inherent complexity in simultaneously studying glycan structures with their corresponding glycosylation sites. This paper introduces a computational framework for identifying intact N-linked glycopeptides, i.e. glycopeptides with N-linked glycans attached to their glycosylation sites, in complex proteome samples. Scoring algorithms are presented for tandem mass spectra of glycopeptides resulting from collision-induced dissociation (CID), higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) fragmentation modes. An empirical false-discovery rate estimation method, based on a target-decoy search approach, is derived for assigning confidence. The power of our method is further enhanced when multiple data sets are pooled together to increase identification confidence. Using this framework, 103 highly confident N-linked glycopeptides from 53 sites across 33 glycoproteins were identified in complex human serum proteome samples using conventional proteomic platforms with standard depletion of the 7-most abundant proteins. These results indicate that our method is ready to be used for characterizing site-specific protein glycosylation in complex samples.
Ultrasonic Spatial Target Localization Using Artificial Pinnae of Brown Long-eared Bat (2020)

Abstract Echolocating bats locate a target by echolocation and their performance is related to the shape of the binaural conformation in bats. In this study, we developed an artificial sonar system based on the vertical sound localization characteristics of the brown long-eared bat ( Plecotus auritus ). First, using the finite element method, we found that the beam of the first side lobe formed by a pinna constructed according to that in the brown long-eared bat shifted in an almost linear manner in the vertical direction as the frequency changed from 30 kHz to 60 kHz. We established a model of the relationship between the time-frequency features of the echo emitted by brown long-eared bats and the spatial direction by using the pre-trained neural network. We also developed a majority vote-based method called sliding window cumulative peak estimation (SWCPE) to optimize the outputs from the neural network. In addition, an L-shaped pinna structure was designed to simultaneously estimate the azimuth and elevation. Our field experiments indicated that the binaural conformation and relative binaural orientation both played vital roles in spatial target localization by these bats. Accurate echolocation can be achieved using a simple binaural sonar device even without binaural time difference information.
Room temperature plasmon laser (2010)

We report plasmon lasers with strong cavity feedback and optical confinement to 1/20th wavelength. Strong feedback arises from total internal reflection of plasmons, while confinement enhances the spontaneous emission rate by up to 18 times.
Polyimides Containing Quinoxaline and Benzimidazole Units (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyimides Containing Quinoxaline and Benzimidazole UnitsPaul M. Hergenrother and Stephen J. HavensCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 17, 4659–4664Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00095a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00095a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data normalization method for a multisource inverse geometry CT system (2012)

The multi-source inverse-geometry CT(MS-IGCT) system is composed of multiple sources and a small 2D detector array. Each source is activated sequentially and covers a small portion of the field-of-view (FOV) and a full FOV reconstruction is acquired by combining projection data from all sources. During the data acquisition, the intensity of each x-ray source could change, e.g. because of instability in the power supply, leading to artifacts in the reconstructed image. To reduce the image artifacts, we developed a data normalization algorithm for the MS-IGCT system. The projection data of each source shares an overlap region in 2D Radon space with another source. Thus, substantially same projection data can be generated from different sources at different gantry positions. Since at least one source can illuminate a reference channel and therefore its data can be easily normalized. This normalized projection data can be used to normalize the raw data of another source with which it shares an overlap region. By performing this normalization process sequentially, the intensity variations of all sources can be corrected. The proposed method was tested with Shepp-Logan phantom using 10% random source intensity fluctuations. While the reconstructed image showed image artifacts that result from uncorrected fluctuations, after applying the proposed normalization algorithm, image artifacts were removed.