gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-LGI1-Associated Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Profiles and Long-Term Outcome (P6.124) (2016)

Background and Objective: In patients with LGI1 antibodies (LGI1-abs) the range of symptoms and long-term cognitive outcome are unknown. We aimed to define these features in a large cohort of patients. Design/Methods: Information from patients diagnosed with LGI-abs associated syndromes between 1998 and 2014 was reviewed. Using clinical, MRI, and CSF criteria, syndromes were classified as limbic encephalitis (LE), other encephalitis (OE), and encephalopathy (no evidence of MRI or CSF inflammation). Frequency or relapses, degree of recovery, and LGI1-abs follow-up were assessed in patients with a follow-up ≥18 months. Results: 80 patients were identified, 7 had seizures without clear cognitive impairment, and 73 had initial cognitive dysfunction (the focus of this report). Of these 73 patients, 61(84[percnt]) had LE (all MRI showed limbic involvement, 47 bilateral), 2 OE and 10 (14[percnt]) encephalopathy. Forty-nine (67[percnt]) had ≥18 month follow-up (median, 39 months; IQR 21-56). All patients received at least one type of immunosuppressant; 21 (43[percnt]) returned to their pre-morbid cognitive baseline; 11(22[percnt]) became independent for activities of daily living (ADL) but were unable to return to work or at their pre-morbid baseline, 9 (18[percnt]) required ADL assistance and had moderate cognitive impairment, 2 (4[percnt]) had severe cognitive deficits, and 6 (12[percnt]) died, 5 from complications of the disease. Relapses requiring further immunotherapy occurred in 12 patients (24[percnt]). Paired serum/CSF samples were available from 51 patients: 47 (92[percnt]) had LGI1-abs in both and 4 (8[percnt]) only in CSF. Serum LGI1-abs remained detectable in 8/21(38[percnt]) patients after a median follow-up of 19 months (range: 2-188); 5 of them were clinically recovered. Conclusions: Up to 14[percnt] of patients with LGI1-abs have cognitive impairment without MRI or CSF evidence of encephalitis. After immunotherapy only 43[percnt] of all patients return to their baseline cognitive function. Antibodies can remain detectable after full clinical recovery.
Adaptive Gradient Methods with Dynamic Bound of Learning Rate (2019)

Adaptive optimization methods such as AdaGrad, RMSprop and Adam have been proposed to achieve a rapid training process with an element-wise scaling term on learning rates. Though prevailing, they are observed to generalize poorly compared with SGD or even fail to converge due to unstable and extreme learning rates. Recent work has put forward some algorithms such as AMSGrad to tackle this issue but they failed to achieve considerable improvement over existing methods. In our paper, we demonstrate that extreme learning rates can lead to poor performance. We provide new variants of Adam and AMSGrad, called AdaBound and AMSBound respectively, which employ dynamic bounds on learning rates to achieve a gradual and smooth transition from adaptive methods to SGD and give a theoretical proof of convergence. We further conduct experiments on various popular tasks and models, which is often insufficient in previous work. Experimental results show that new variants can eliminate the generalization gap between adaptive methods and SGD and maintain higher learning speed early in training at the same time. Moreover, they can bring significant improvement over their prototypes, especially on complex deep networks. The implementation of the algorithm can be found at https://github.com/Luolc/AdaBound .
Multidirectional slowness vector for computing angle gathers from reverse time migration (2016)

ABSTRACT Angle gathers are important for true-amplitude migration, migration velocity analysis, and angle-dependent inversion. Among existing methods, calculating the t-x direction vector is efficient, but it can give only one direction per grid point and fails to give multiple directions for overlapping wavefields associated with multipaths and reflections. The slowness vectors (SVs) in t-x and ω-k can be connected by Fourier transforms (FTs); the forward FT from t-x to ω-k decomposes the wavefields into different vector components, and the inverse FT sums these components into a unique direction. Therefore, the SV has multiple directions in ω-k, but it has only one direction in t-x. Based on this relation, we have separated the computation of propagation direction into two steps: First, we used the forward FT, k/ω binning, and several inverse FTs to separate the wavefields into vector subsets with different approximate propagation angles, which contained much less wave overlapping; then, we computed t-x SVs for each separated wavefield, and the set of these single-direction SVs constituted a multidirectional SV (MSV). In this process, the FTs between t and ω domains required a large input/output (I/O) time. We prove the conjugate relation between the decomposition results using positive- and negative-frequency wavefields, and we use complex-valued modeling to obtain the positive-frequency wavefields. Thus, we did wavefield decomposition in t-k instead of ω-k, and avoided the huge I/O caused by the FT between the t and ω domains. Our tests demonstrated that the MSV can give multiple directions for overlapping wavefields and improve the quality of angle gathers.
Structured class-labels in random forests for semantic image labelling (2011)

In this paper we propose a simple and effective way to integrate structural information in random forests for semantic image labelling. By structural information we refer to the inherently available, topological distribution of object classes in a given image. Different object class labels will not be randomly distributed over an image but usually form coherently labelled regions. In this work we provide a way to incorporate this topological information in the popular random forest framework for performing low-level, unary classification. Our paper has several contributions: First, we show how random forests can be augmented with structured label information. In the second part, we introduce a novel data splitting function that exploits the joint distributions observed in the structured label space for learning typical label transitions between object classes. Finally, we provide two possibilities for integrating the structured output predictions into concise, semantic labellings. In our experiments on the challenging MSRC and CamVid databases, we compare our method to standard random forest and conditional random field classification results.
Development of rapid heating and cooling (flash processing) process to produce advanced high strength steel microstructures (2009)

Flash processing of an AISI8620 steel sheet, which involves rapid heating and cooling with an overall process duration of <10 s, produced a steel microstructure with a high tensile strength and good ductility similar to that of advanced high strength steels. Flash processed steel [ultimate tensile strength (UTS): 1694 MPa, elongation: 7·1], showed at least 7 higher UTS and 30 greater elongation than published results on martensitic advanced high strength steel (UTS: 1585 MPa, elongation: 5·1). The underlying microstructure was characterised with optical, scanning electron, transmission electron microscopy as well as hardness mapping. A complex distribution of bainitic and martensite microstructures with carbides was observed. A mechanism for the above microstructure evolution is proposed.
EEG beta 2 power as surrogate marker for memory impairment: a pilot study (2017)

EEG beta 2 power recorded during a backward counting condition with eyes closed can be used as surrogate marker for verbal memory impairment in geriatric patients. Antidepressant treatment was correlated with EEG data in resting state but not in counting condition. Further studies are necessary to verify the results of this pilot study.
Clear thinking about interproximal stripping (2010)

teeth by removing enamel in the process known as interproximal stripping is a way orthodontists can gain a modest amount of space in their treatment of crowding. They have used this therapeutic procedure since the Eighties in the mandibular incisor region to correct relapse or to prevent it. But with the more recent near universal use of bonding to place brackets on teeth and thus eliminate full mouth banding, it has become possible to obtain space in a similar way in posterior sectors of the arch with the Air Rotor Stripping (A.R.S.) technique that Sheridan2 described in1985. Today interproximal stripping has become a viable alternative to the extraction of permanent teeth or arch expansion in cases of moderate 4 to 8 mm crowding, which makes it an attractive choice in the treatment of adults. But, because it is an irreversible act, orthodontists should undertake a careful analysis before deciding to use it. This article will not only outline the special materials required for the removal of interproximal enamel but review the parameters that govern interproximal stripping according to the different protocols proposed by a variety of authors. Clear thinking about interproximal stripping
Detecting and recovering prefix hijacking using multi-agent inter-AS diagnostic system (2010)

The Internet is a collection of autonomous systems (ASes), and each AS exchanges routing information with neighboring ASes using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Prefix hijacking is a representative example of communication failure caused by wrong routing information exchange. When an AS's prefix is hijacked by invalid BGP routing information advertisement from another AS, the hijacked AS cannot communicate with other ASes because the traffic is delivered to the hijacking AS, not to the hijacked AS. To solve this problem, we have been researching and developing technologies that detect, recover, and prevent prefix hijacking. In this paper, we focus on detection and recovery functions. We propose two detection techniques using ping tests and checking AS_PATH change to improve the accuracy of prefix hijacking detection. For the recovery function, we propose two methods to reduce the downtime of communication failure: retaking the hijacked prefix and preventing distribution of the hijacked prefix.
Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy: A probe of rubbed polyimide liquid crystal alignment layers (2003)

The prospect of using reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) for process control in the fabrication of liquid crystal devices is investigated. Measurements of the optical anisotropy induced by mechanically rubbing polymer thin films are presented and interpreted in terms of molecular alignment and form birefringence models. Optical characterization of completed liquid crystal cells enables RAS measurements to be correlated with device characteristics.
Paired associative transcranial alternating current stimulation increases the excitability of corticospinal projections in humans (2014)

Many types of non-invasive brain stimulation alter corticospinal excitability (CSE). Paired associative stimulation (PAS) has attracted particular attention as its effects ostensibly adhere to Hebbian principles of neural plasticity. In prototypical form, a single electrical stimulus is directed to a peripheral nerve in close temporal contiguity with transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Repeated pairing of the two discrete stimulus events (i.e. association) over an extended period either increases or decreases the excitability of corticospinal projections from M1, contingent on the interstimulus interval. We studied a novel form of associative stimulation, consisting of brief trains of peripheral afferent stimulation paired with short bursts of high frequency (≥80 Hz) transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over contralateral M1. Elevations in the excitability of corticospinal projections to the forearm were observed for a range of tACS frequency (80, 140 and 250 Hz), current (1, 2 and 3 mA) and duration (500 and 1000 ms) parameters. The effects were at least as reliable as those brought about by PAS or transcranial direct current stimulation. When paired with tACS, muscle tendon vibration also induced elevations of CSE. No such changes were brought about by the tACS or peripheral afferent stimulation alone. In demonstrating that associative effects are expressed when the timing of the peripheral and cortical events is not precisely circumscribed, these findings suggest that multiple cellular pathways may contribute to a long term potentiation-type response. Their relative contributions will differ depending on the nature of the induction protocol that is used.
Association of the CpG Methylation Pattern of the Proximal Insulin Gene Promoter with Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

The insulin (INS) region is the second most important locus associated with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). The study of the DNA methylation pattern of the 7 CpGs proximal to the TSS in the INS gene promoter revealed that T1D patients have a lower level of methylation of CpG -19, -135 and -234 (p = 2.10(-16)) and a higher methylation of CpG -180 than controls, while methylation was comparable for CpG -69, -102, -206. The magnitude of the hypomethylation relative to a control population was 8-15% of the corresponding levels in controls and was correlated in CpGs -19 and -135 (r = 0.77) and CpG -135 and -234 (r = 0.65). 70/485 (14%) of T1D patients had a simultaneous decrease in methylation of CpG -19, -135, -234 versus none in 317 controls. CpG methylation did not correlate with glycated hemoglobin or with T1D duration. The methylation of CpG -69, -102, -180, -206, but not CpG -19, -135, -234 was strongly influenced by the cis-genotype at rs689, a SNP known to show a strong association with T1D. We hypothesize that part of this genetic association could in fact be mediated at the statistical and functional level by the underlying changes in neighboring CpG methylation. Our observation of a CpG-specific, locus-specific methylation pattern, although it can provide an epigenetic biomarker of a multifactorial disease, does not indicate whether the reported epigenetic pattern preexists or follows the establishment of T1D. To explore the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on CpG methylation, we studied non obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were found to have decreased CpG-19 methylation versus age-matched controls, similar to T1D (p = 2.10(-6)) but increased CpG-234 methylation (p = 5.10(-8)), the opposite of T1D. The causality and natural history of the different epigenetic changes associated with T1D or T2D remain to be determined.
Singlet Oxygen Inhibits Agonist-Induced P-Selectin Expression and Formation of Platelet Aggregates (2001)

Major mediators of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are the oxidants HOCl and chloramine, which are a source for the nonradical photon-emitting oxidant singlet oxygen (1O2). We were interested in a possible platelet-modulating activity of 1O2. As a stable 1O2 source we chose the mild oxidant chloramine T (CT), which mimics the natural chloramine N-chloro-taurine. Freshly drawn native whole blood from donors (n = 5) was incubated at 0 to 3 mM CT for 1 minute at 37 degrees C. Then saline. 10 microM adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 5 microg/mL collagen, or 6.25 microM thrombin receptor activator peptide (TRAP) were added and the mixtures were allowed to incubate for 3 minutes at 37 degrees C. Aliquots of activated blood were fixed in 1% para-formaldehyde. After removal of the fixative, platelets were labeled with anti-CD61-FITC and anti-CD62P-PE antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. An oxidant concentration-dependent decrease in the expression of P-selectin appeared (at 3 mM CT to 39, 23, and 20% of the 100% saline control level for ADP, collagen, and TRAP, respectively). There was also an oxidant concentration-dependent decrease in the formation of platelet aggregates (at 3 mM CT to 8, 12, and 13% of the 100% saline control level for ADP, collagen, and TRAP, respectively; the 50% effective dose was 1.0 to 1.5 mM chloramine). In ADP- and TRAP-stimulated platelets, an oxidant-mediated increase in platelet fragments appeared (at 3 mM CT: three- to fourfold of the initial value). The addition to the blood of 30 mM of the oxyradical scavenger mannitol in contrast to excess methionine did not antagonize these oxidative modulations of platelet activation. The results were confirmed using equimolar concentrations of NaOCI and N-chloro-taurine. This study shows that 1O2 inhibits platelets, decreasing the expression of CD62P and the formation of platelet aggregates. Activated PMN might modulate hemostasis, shifting it into an antithrombotic state. The physiologic signal action and the direct anticoagulant action of 1O2 (released by chloramines such as vancomycin) might be a new principle for pharmacologic intervention in atherothrombosis.
Urinary Phenyl Acetate: A Diagnostic Test for Depression? (1983)

The compound 2-phenylethylamine is an "endogenous amphetamine" which may modulate central adrenergic functions. 2-Phenylethylamine is mainly metabolized by monoamine oxidase to form phenyl acetate (PAA). The 24-hour urinary excretion of PAA was measured in normal healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 3. In 70 percent of healthy volunteers of both sexes, the excretion of PAA ranged between 70 and 175 milligrams per 24 hours (mean = 141.1 +/- 10.2). Inpatients with major depressive disorder (unipolar type) (N = 31) excreted less PAA (68.7 +/- 7.0 milligrams per 24 hours) and 55 percent of them excreted less than 70 milligrams per 24 hours; there were no significant differences in the PAA excretion between untreated patients (N = 13) and those treated with antidepressants that were not effective (N = 18). The PAA excretion was reduced to a lesser extent in 35 less severely depressed unipolar outpatients (drug-free for 1 week) (86.3 +/- 11.8 milligrams per 24 hours). These results suggest that low PAA urinary excretion may be a reliable state marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.
Darstellung von Polyamidsulfonsäuren auf der Basis von Toluol und Schwefelsäure (1976)

Abstract Die Synthese eines neuen Monomeren auf der Basis von Toluol und Schwefelsäure wird beschrieben: magnified image Durch Reaktion mit aromatischen Diaminen, z. B. Benzidin, 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenyläther und 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylsulfon in polaren Lösungsmitteln (DMA, N‐Methylpyrrolidon, Nitrobenzol/Pyridin) unter Wasserausschluß entstehen bei normaler Temperatur (0–20°C) Polyamidsulfonsäuren mit Molekulargewichten um M̄ w ≈ 20 000. Aus den Lösungen lassen sich bei 150 bis 180°C im Vakuum feste und zähe, klar‐transparente Filme herstellen, die ‐ auch bei 150°C im Vakuum ‐ erhebliche Mengen an Lösungsmittel (um 40%) festhalten.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Low Back Pain in Active Duty Infantry (2012)

Although much research has been performed on occupational risk factors for low back pain, little has been published on low back pain among infantrymen. This purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of acute low back pain amongst active duty infantrymen as compared to a matched control population. The Defense Medical Epidemiology Database was searched and incidence rates were calculated and compared between infantry and noninfantry soldiers. Data was stratified and controlled for age, race, marital status, rank, and branch of service using the Poisson multivariate regression analysis. Significantly lower rates of acute low back pain were discovered in active duty infantrymen when compared to matched controls (32.9 versus 49.5 cases per 1,000 person-years). Additionally, significantly lower rates were identified in the Marines versus the Army, and among junior enlisted compared to senior enlisted service members.
Control of Foam Height by Using Sound Waves. (1999)

Possibilities for control of slag foam height by sound waves were investigated using cold models. The foaming and defoaming rates were measured under various frequencies and intensities of sound. Nitrogen gas was injected into a liquid containing a surfactant to produce the foam layer. Simultaneously, the foam surface was exposed to sound waves propagated through the gas phase to the surface. The sound waves were generated by a loudspeaker. Two liquids of different viscosities were used: water and a water-glycerin solution. It was found that sound waves can control the defoaming rate, while the foaming rate does not vary practically under the application of sound. The latter finding is associated with the fact that the height of foam, produced in the experiments, was much smaller than the steady height. The defoaming rate is essentially reduced by the sound of lower frequency (200-1000 Hz). This effect is explained in terms of a radiation force arising when the sound waves are propagated inside the foam layer. Sound waves of intermediate frequencies (1000-8000 Hz) cause the defoaming rate to increase compared with that in the absence of a sound field. The defoaming mechanism is assumed to be associated with a rupturing of the foam film accelerated by the sound waves. On the whole, the effect of sound on the defoaming rate increases as sound intensity and liquid viscosity become higher.
57.4L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Transflective LCD Combining Transmissive IPS and Reflective In‐Cell Retarder ECB (2007)

Abstract In‐cell retarder technology enables two kinds of display modes with different features to be realized in the pixels of transflective LCDs. Using this concept, we have developed a prototype 2.2″ QVGA transflective LCD that combines transmissive IPS for wide viewing angle performance and reflective in‐cell retarder ECB for high reflectance.
Solution-processed nickel tetrabenzoporphyrin thin-film transistors (2006)

We describe nickel tetrabenzoporphyrin (NiTBP) as a solution-processible organic semiconductor. Whereas porphyrins in an unmodified state are typically planar and insoluble, a precursor synthetic route (NiCP) was used to deposit thin films via solution. Amorphous, insulating thin films of NiCP were deposited, and thermally converted to polycrystalline, semiconducting NiTBP. Films were studied using optical absorption and microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Highly concentrated NiCP was shown to form large, needle-shaped crystals drop-cast from solution. NiTBP thin-film field-effect transistors fabricated from spun-cast films demonstrated charge-carrier field-effect mobilities on the order of 0.1 and 0.2cm2∕Vs and accumulation threshold voltages of −19 and −13, in the linear and saturation regimes, respectively.
Analysis on intensity demodulated strain sensing based on multiple phase-shifted FBG (2014)

An intensity demodulated strain sensing scheme based on multiple phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is investigated. Wavelength shifts related to the external strain signal will result in various power change received by the photodetector. The reflected spectrum of the sensing multiple phase-shifted FBG are designed using the transfer matrix method to and fabricated by dithering phase mask method. The strain sensing scheme is analyzed numerically by relate the power change to reflectivity spectrum, thus help us optimize the design and fabrication of multiple phase-shifted FBG to achieve maximum sensitivity. The experimental results show that the strain sensitivity can be significantly enhanced by over 10dB by using phase-shifted FBG with many phase shifts compared to a normal FBG.