gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal optical phonon relaxation in a GaAs/AlGaAs triple barrier tunnel diode at strong perpendicular magnetic fields (1996)

Longitudinal optical (LO) phonon relaxation is investigated in a GaAs/AlGaAs triple barrier tunnel diode at strong perpendicular magnetic fields. We observe LO-phonon assisted tunneling to the ground state as well as to Landau level states. Maxima in the LO-phonon assisted tunnel peak are found each time the LO-phonon energy matches multiple of the Landau level spacing. Corresponding maxima as well as parity effects are found in the integral tunnel conductance. The results indicate enhancement of LO-phonon assisted inter Landau level transitions with increasing magnetic field.
Improved Enantioselectivity of a Lipase by Rational Protein Engineering (2001)

A model based on two different binding modes for alcohol enantiomers in the active site of a lipase allowed rational redesign of its enantioselectivity. 1-Halo-2-octanols were poorly resolved by Candida antarctica lipase B. Interactions between the substrates and the lipase were investigated with molecular modeling. Unfavorable interactions were found between the halogen moiety of the fast-reacting S enantiomer and a region situated at the bottom of the active site (stereoselectivity pocket). The lipase was virtually mutated in this region and energy contour maps of some variants displayed better interactions for the target substrates. Four selected variants of the lipase were produced and kinetic resolution experiments were undertaken with these mutants. Single point mutations gave rise to one variant with doubled enantioselectivity as well as one variant with annihilated enantioselectivity towards the target halohydrins. An increased volume of the stereoselectivity pocket caused a decrease in enantioselectivity, while changes in electrostatic potential increased enantioselectivity. The enantioselectivity of these new lipase variants towards other types of alcohols was also investigated. The changes in enantioselectivity caused by the mutations were well in agreement with the proposed model concerning the chiral recognition of alcohol enantiomers by this lipase.
Inhibitory Effects of Licochalcone A Isolated from<i>Glycyrrhiza inflata</i>Root on Inflammatory Ear Edema and Tumour Promotion in Mice (1991)

Licochalcone A, 3-a,a-dimethylallyl-4,4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxychalcone, from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata Beta (Leguminosae) (Xin-jiang liquorice) showed anti-inflammatory action towards mouse ear edema induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) by topical application. Anti-tumour promoting action of licochalcone A was also observed in vivo for mouse skin papilloma initiated by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by TPA. It inhibited in vitro 32Pi-incorporation to phospholipids in HeLa cells promoted by TPA. A competitive interaction of licochalcone A with the TPA-receptors in the cell membrane has been suggested.
Capturing Credit Spread Premium (2011)

Despite high spread volatility, investment-grade credit portfolios have generated an average annual spread premium (returns net of U.S. Treasury returns and defaults) of 48 bps over the past 20 years. The authors show that relaxing a common portfolio constraint that requires selling downgraded bonds would have allowed investors to capture an average annual spread premium of 86 bps, with similar risk. Thus, adopting a downgrade-tolerant credit benchmark could generate a higher credit spread premium.
Power-aware routing with rate-adaptive network elements (2010)

Current Internet service-provider networks are typically over-provisioned, with the actual traffic through a network element often being much less than the capacity of the network element. However, current network element power consumption is largely independent of actual traffic. This presents an opportunity to reduce network power usage. Such an opportunity may be exploited locally, by redesigning individual network elements to make them rate-adaptive, or globally, by power-aware traffic routing. Instantiating either approach requires significant engineering effort. We attempt to quantify, as realistically as possible, the power-savings opportunity that can be obtained using these two approaches, in isolation or together. In particular, we investigate whether power-aware routing provides any additional benefit if network elements are rate-adaptive. We adopt a fairly simple model of network power use, where power consumption is attributed to links. A link may be turned off, in which case its power usage is zero. Otherwise, a link that is turned on consumes no less than a certain amount of power, called base power, and power use increases further with traffic. A significant parameter of the model is the ratio of base power over full-capacity power. Since it is difficult to estimate feasible values for this ratio, we investigate multiple scenarios in which its value ranges from 0 to 100%. We demonstrate that the combination of rate-adaptivity and power-aware routing saves a significant fraction of network power consumption, for a wide variety of network topologies, traffic loads, and base power ratios. More specifically, if the base power ratio is 50% or more, then power-aware routing appears to be of significant additional benefit over rate adaptivity alone; if the ratio is 25% or less, then power-aware routing offers a relatively small additional benefit.
Prime Numbers and Computer Methods for Factorization (1985)

In this book the author treats four fundamental and apparently simple problems. They are: the number of primes below a given limit, the ap proximate number of primes, the recognition of prime numbers
Serious surveillance (1999)

Journal Article Serious surveillance Get access Cheryl A. Thompson Cheryl A. Thompson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 56, Issue 5, 1 March 1999, Page 426, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/56.5.426 Published: 01 March 1999
Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithm : Variable Key Length Encryption Algorithm (VEA) (2014)

Wireless networks applications are growing very fast although their nodes suffer from limited bandwidth, memory, and processing capabilities. They operate on unattended mode in hostile environments and the sensitive data should be protected using some sort of cryptography. Due to the limited computing power of wireless devices, it is impossible to use asymmetric cryptography approaches for the session key establishment or to apply one of the traditional advanced encryption algorithms for the data encryption. Therefore, VEA is proposed in this paper as an appropriate cryptography algorithm for wireless networks due to its low energy consumption, simple hardware requirements and suitable level of security. In addition, the algorithm has an important advantage over the current cryptography algorithm in which variable key length can be used. VEA tries to overcome the limitations of both public- and symmetric-key protocols. VEA relies its design on a smart version of Feistel structure.
Photoinduced surface relief studies in an acrylamide-based photopolymer (2006)

Surface relief gratings (SRGs) have been optically recorded in a dry, self-developing acrylamide-based photopolymer. An investigation of the dependence of photoinduced surface relief amplitude and profile on recording intensity, UV post-exposure, thickness of the sample, composition of the photopolymer and temperature at constant spatial frequency was carried out using white light interferometry. Non-sinusoidal surface relief grating profiles which depend on sample thickness were observed at low spatial frequency. The surface relief effect is intended to be applied to the alignment of liquid crystals (LCs) for different applications such as voltage controllable diffraction gratings, lenses, polarizing components and switches.
Realtime audio streaming using visible light communication (2016)

With an increase in demand of high data rate near field communication, Visible Light Communication (VLC) has been recognized as advanced and most promising innovation to acknowledge short-run, high speed as well as large capacity wireless communication. In this paper, a prototype of real time embedded system has been proposed, using modest financially accessible light emitting diodes (LED), which can transmit audio wirelessly. Experimental results shows high quality real time audio can be transmitted and received at maximum range of 3 meters through appropriate format of LED sources and proper concentration of LED light on receiver. VLC system has been designed and implemented for high quality audio streaming.
Conformational Analysis of Cyclooctanone: Evidence from $^{13}C$ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1991)

The frozen-out spectrum of cyclooctanone conformer was detected at and is reported for the first time. The stable conformation of cyclooctanone deduced by measurements was a unsymmetrical boat-chair conformation.
[Anti-hepatocarcinoma effect of recombinant adenovirus carrying melittin gene]. (2004)

Ad-rAFP-Mel can inhibit specifically the proliferation of AFP-producing human hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. It suggests that animal toxin gene can be used as an interesting antitumor gene.
Crowd sourced energy estimation in connected vehicles (2014)

Accurately forecasting the energy consumption profile of a vehicle is a key requirement of many growing research areas such as horizon based energy management and eco-routing. However, the energy consumption rate of a vehicle depends on many factors making it very difficult to estimate. Many of these factors such as traffic light timing, traffic congestion and weather, change from day to day and trip to trip. While real time traffic information and traffic light timing schedules can be used to help predict the effect of the first two factors, the impact of weather cannot be as easily predicted based on a weather report. Depending on the topology of the route including other vehicles on the road, the local wind speed relative to a vehicle can differ greatly from a predicted bulk wind speed. The effect of precipitation is also difficult to predict because it depends on the amount falling and the amount accumulated on the road. In this paper it is first shown that energy consumption prediction errors due to un-modeled effects, including most notably weather, exhibit a high amount of trip-to-trip variation and a smaller amount of variation within a trip. Next, it is demonstrated that moderate wind speeds have an observable effect on energy consumption and this effect varies based on the direction of travel and wind direction. This analysis also illustrates the challenges in predicting the effect of wind speed and precipitation on energy consumption based on a weather forecast. Finally, a case is made for future research involving the use of current and recent data from a large population of vehicles to provide a more accurate energy consumption profile by reducing the prediction errors due to un-modeled effects.
Association of Testosterone Replacement With Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Men With Androgen Deficiency (2017)

Among men with androgen deficiency, dispensed testosterone prescriptions were associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes over a median follow-up of 3.4 years.
Cloração e Prateação das Piscinas (2020)

[...]
Determining a user's location in underground malls using opportunistic advertisement delivery systems (2011)

Recently there have been many proposals for methods of determining a location in a variety of environments for the purpose of navigation. Many services based on these methods have been provided. However, navigation services inside shopping malls, including underground malls, are still in the research stage. This paper presents an advertisement delivery system, called “OPAS,” and the service it provides. The system is based on mobile terminals held by shoppers in an underground mall. The terminals have a passing-by networking function. The paper also proposes location determination algorithms that make use of this system. An experimental OPAS has been built using a MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork) emulator and Android terminals, and has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed location determination algorithms.
Large-step Markov chains for the Traveling Salesman Problem (2018)

We introduce a new class of Markov chain Monte Carlo search procedures, leading to more powerful optimization methods than simulated annealing. The main idea is to embed deterministic local search techniques into stochastic algorithms. The Monte Carlo explores only local optima, and it is able to make large, global changes, even at low temperatures, thus overcoming large barriers in configuration space. We test these procedures in the case of the Traveling Salesman Problem. The embedded local searches we use are 3-opt and Lin-Kernighan. The large change or step consists of a special kind of 4-change followed by local-opt minimization. We test this algorithm on a number of instances. The power of the method is illustrated by solving to optimality some large problems such as the LIN318, the AT&amp;T532, and the RAT783 problems. For even larger instances with randomly distributed cities, the Markov chain procedure improves 3-opt by over 1.6%, and Lin-Kernighan by 1.3%, leading to a new best h...
Fluorescence imaging of frit effects in capillary separations (2000)

The gradient of five dansylated amino acids in a capillary-based separation system commonly used in capillary liquid chromatography (LC) or capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was followed and examined in detail using a detection method based on laser-induced fluorescence imaging. The detection system consisted of an XeCl excimer laser and an image-intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Fluorescence intensity profiles along the capillary column were displayed and continuously updated on a computer screen. The detector system enabled the separation dynamics in the column to be monitored. The experiments were focused on the course of events, especially at interfaces. The processes occurring at the beginning of the reversed-phase packing material were studied as well as at the transition from stationary phase to the outlet frit and the open tubular area. Striking differences in signal intensity and separation efficiency were revealed depending on where on the column detection was performed. Furthermore, adsorption of the analytes on the frits was observed.
Advanced Processing of Seismic Data in Central Adriatic Basin to Highlight Plio-quaternary Features (2011)

The Central Adriatic Basin is characterized by several sedimentary structures originated during the Dinaric and Apennine orogenic processes; these features (sedimentary wedge and a thickness of Pliocene deposits covered by the Quaternary prograding sequence) have been observed on the seismic profile ADRIA 95, located on the offshore of the Central Adriatic Sea. In order to better define the reflectors of the Plio-Quaternary sedimentary sequence, the recent deformations in the shallower layers and the present bright spots we have re-processed the seismic profile, with pre-stack deconvolution, stacking velocity analysis, depth migration and seismic attributes analysis.
FAST DEPOSITION OF DEVICE QUALITY HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS SILICON BY AN EXPANDING THERMAL PLASMA (2023)

A technique for fast deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon is presented, based on the creation of a thermal argon or argon-hydrogen plasma in a cascaded arc and the expansion of this plasma in a low pressure reactor where it dissociates admixed silane. The creation of the plasma, the downstream reactions between reactive species emanating the source and silane as well as the species contributing to film growth are described for varying hydrogen admixtures in the arc. It is shown that significant hydrogen admixture is necessary to obtain device quality material most probably because the deposition is then dominated by SiH<sub>3</sub>-radicals. The corresponding growth rate is 10 nm/s.
80-micron Interaction Length Silicon Nano-Photonic Crystal Waveguide Modulator (2006)

An ultra-compact silicon electro-optic modulator is experimentally demonstrated based on silicon photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides for the first time to our knowledge. Modulation operation was demonstrated by carrier injection into an 80mum-long silicon PhC waveguide of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. The modulation depth operating at 1567 nm is 92%. The pi phase shift driving current, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pi</sub> , across the active region is as low as 0.15 mA, which is equivalent to a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pi</sub> of 7.5 mV when a 50Omega impedance-mate structure is applied
Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant: Clinical Implications (2015)

<b>Significance:</b> The skin is a complex and dynamic organ that performs several vital functions. The maturation process of the skin starts at birth with the adaption of the skin to the comparatively dry environment compared to the in utero milieu. This adaptive flexibility results in the unique properties of infant skin. To deliver appropriate care to infant skin, it is necessary to understand that it is evolving with unique characteristics. <b>Recent Advances:</b> The role of biophysical noninvasive techniques in the assessment of skin development underlines the importance of an objective evaluation of skin physiology parameters. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, and pH values are measurable with specific instruments that give us an accurate and reproducible assessment during infant skin maturation. The recording of these values, following standard measurement procedures, allows us to evaluate the integrity of the skin barrier and to monitor the functionality of the maturing skin over time. <b>Critical Issues:</b> During the barrier development, impaired skin function makes the skin vulnerable to chemical damage, microbial infections, and skin diseases, possibly compromising the general health of the infant. Preterm newborns, during the first weeks of life, have an even less developed skin barrier and, therefore, are even more at risk. Thus, it is extremely important to evaluate the risk of infection, skin breakdown, topical agent absorption, and the risk of thermoregulation failure. <b>Future Directions:</b> Detailed and objective evaluations of infant skin maturation are necessary to improve infant skin care. The results of these evaluations should be formed into general protocols that will allow doctors and caregivers to give more personalized care to full-term newborns, preterm newborns, and infants.
A Deep Learning Reconstruction Framework for Differential Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography With Incomplete Data (2019)

Differential phase-contrast computed tomography (DPC-CT) is a powerful analysis tool for soft-tissue and low-atomic-number samples. Limited by the implementation conditions, DPC-CT with incomplete projections happens quite often. Conventional reconstruction algorithms face difficulty when given incomplete data. They usually involve complicated parameter selection operations, which are also sensitive to noise and are time-consuming. In this paper, we report a new deep learning reconstruction framework for incomplete data DPC-CT. It involves the tight coupling of the deep learning neural network and DPC-CT reconstruction algorithm in the domain of DPC projection sinograms. The estimated result is not an artifact caused by the incomplete data, but a complete phase-contrast projection sinogram. After training, this framework is determined and can be used to reconstruct the final DPC-CT images for a given incomplete projection sinogram. Taking the sparse-view, limited-view and missing-view DPC-CT as examples, this framework is validated and demonstrated with synthetic and experimental data sets. Compared with other methods, our framework can achieve the best imaging quality at a faster speed and with fewer parameters. This work supports the application of the state-of-the-art deep learning theory in the field of DPC-CT.
Bio-inspired, bio-compatible, reconfigurable analog CMOS circuits (2009)

This work details CMOS, bio-inspired, bio-compatible circuits which were used as synapses between an artificial neuron and a living neuron and between two living neurons. An intracellular signal from a living neuron was amplified, an integrate-and-fire neuron was used as a simple processing element to detect the spikes, and an artificial synapse was used to send outputs to another living neuron. \n\nThe key structure is an electronic synapse which is based around a floating-gate pFET. The charge on the floating-gate is analogous to the synaptic weight and can be modified. This modification can be viewed as similar to long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The modification can either be programmed (supervised learning) or can adapt to the inputs (unsupervised learning). Since the technology to change the floating-gate weight has greatly improved, these weights can be set quickly and accurately. Intrinsic floating-gate learning rules were explored and the ability to change the synaptic weight was shown.
Impact of thin film metrology on the lithographic performance of 193-nm bottom antireflective coatings (2007)

The performance needs of a bottom antireflection coating (BARC) used in advanced optical lithography are extremely demanding, with reflectivities as low as 0.1% and even lower often required. BARC thickness and complex refractive index values (<i><b>n</b></i> = <i>n</i> + i<i>κ</i>) must be highly optimized, requiring accurate knowledge of the BARC, resist and substrate optical properties. In this paper, we have performed a theoretical analysis of the BARC optimization process with respect to the propagation of BARC <i>n</i> and <i>κ</i> measurement errors. For several realistic cases, specifications on the measurement accuracy of these optical parameters will be derived and the lithographic consequences of BARC metrology errors will be explored. Approaches to improving the measurement of BARC thickness and refractive index will be suggested.
Improvement of Seed Selection Strategy for Graybox Fuzzing (2017)

According to AFL(American fuzzy lop) author, the famous hacker Michal Zalewski (lcamtuf)said that most of the current bugs were found by the fuzzing, rather than symbolic execution and other technical analysis based on the discovery of the program. The reason is that fuzzing is faster (no analysis program is needed, no need to constrain), and more extensible (the effect of path explosion is smaller). At present, the commonly used fuzzing tool AFL is a security-oriented fuzzing device, which uses a new compile-time instruments and genetic algorithms to automatically find clear and interesting test cases, triggering the target binary file in the new internal state. In the process of using AFL, we found that its genetic algorithm can not guide the direction of fuzzing. Through the design to control the number of variation of each fuzzing seed, to guide it to the low frequency path direction variation, could get a better fuzzing effect. In the same time, the improved AFL was 3 times faster than the old AFL.
Arbitrary Waveform Generator Based on All-Incoherent Pulse Shaping (2006)

An all-incoherent technique for the generation of arbitrary electromagnetic intensity profiles is presented. It is based on spectral filtering of a broadband continuous-wave light source so that the filtered spectral density function (SDF) becomes the user-defined waveform. After large temporal modulation and subsequent distortion in a first-order dispersive medium, the incoherent mapping of the filtered SDF to the time domain occurs. Finally, optical-to-electrical conversion in a fast photodiode allows the optical intensity to be mapped into the electrical domain