gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transducers and methods for making same (1994)

Abstract : Elongated electrically nonconducting transducer preforms are made from a stiff resin. The preforms have grooves in their upper and lower surfaces. Transducer elements may be formed from stacked preforms whereby grooves in their upper and lower surfaces form compartments between adjoining stacked preforms. PZT rods are disposed in the grooves disposed on the upper surface of each stacked preform, and a soft resin surrounds the rods and fills the compartment. The method for making the transducer assembly includes the steps of loading by gravity the rods into the upper grooves of the preforms; stacking the loaded preforms so that upper grooves in the lower preform communicate with lower grooves in the upper preform, thus forming cavities; flowing a soft resin around the rods; and curing the soft resin.
Localized Temperature Stability in A Multilayer LTCC Package (2011)

Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) is a multilayer 3D packaging, interconnection, and integration technology. One of the advantages of LTCC is the ability it affords to integrate passive components via the cofiring processes. For LTCC modules with embedded resonator functions targeting high frequency applications, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) is a critical parameter. The base dielectrics of commercial LTCC systems have a τf in the range −50 ∼ −80 ppm/°C. This study explores a method to achieve zero or near zero τf embedded resonators by incorporating τf compensating materials locally into a multilayer LTCC structure. Chemical interactions and physical compatibility between the τf modifiers and the host LTCC dielectrics are investigated. A stripline (SL) ring resonator with near zero τf is demonstrated in a non-zero τf commercial LTCC.
Efficient propagation for face annotation in family albums (2004)

In this paper, we propose and investigate a new user scenario for face annotation, in which users are allowed to multi-select a group of otogras and assign names to these otogras. The system will then attempt to propagate names from otogra level to face level, i.e. to infer the correspondence between name and face. Given the face similarity measure which combines methodologies from face recognition and content-based image retrieval, we formulate name propagation as an optimization problem. We define the objective function as the sum of similarities between each pair of faces of the same individual in different otogras, and propose an iterative optimization algorithm to infer the optimal correspondence. To make the propagation result reliable, a reject scheme is adopted to reject those with low confidence scores. Furthermore, we investigate the combination and alternation of browsing mode for propagation and viewer mode for annotation, so that each mode can benefit from additional inputs from the other mode. The experimental evaluation has been conducted within a typical family album of over one thousand otogras and the results show that the proposed approach is effective and efficient in automated face annotation in family albums.
Measurement of circulating red cell volume using biotin‐labeled red cells: validation against<sup>51</sup>Cr‐labeled red cells (1999)

Circulating red cell volume measured by the use of biotin with either 125I-streptavidin or flow cytometry agrees with that measured by 51Cr. Each system provides a method of performing these studies without exposing the subject to radiation.
High plasma YKL-40 level in patients with ovarian cancer stage III is related to shorter survival (2003)

YKL-40 (human cartilage glycoprotein-39) is a member of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases. YKL-40 is a growth factor and is secreted by cancer cells. High serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with colorectal cancer and recurrent metastatic breast cancer have been associated with a poor prognosis. We evaluated the prognostic value of plasma YKL-40 in patients with primary ovarian cancer (OC). YKL-40 was determined by ELISA in plasma obtained preoperatively from 47 women with stage III OC and in plasma from 79 healthy females. The results showed that plasma YKL-40 was elevated compared to healthy females in 57% of the OC patients and was highest in the patients who died during the follow-up compared to the patients still alive (186 vs. 78 micro g/l, p=0.002). Patients with high plasma YKL-40 (>130 micro g/l) had significantly (p=0.0003) shorter survival than patients with normal plasma YKL-40. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that plasma YKL-40 (RH=3.95; 95% CI, 1.52-10.27; p=0.005) and radicality after primary surgery (RH=4.03; 95% CI, 1.81-8.97; p=0.001) were independent prognostic factors of survival, whereas age, histological type of tumour and serum CA125 had no independent prognostic value. In conclusion, plasma levels of YKL-40 proved of prognostic value in stage III OC patients.
Seabottom roughness study using a hydrosweep–multibeam system (1999)

Seabottom profiling using a multibeam echosounder is a well-known method to acquire a high-resolution and high-density data set for bathymetric mapping of survey area. The use of multibeam echosounder backscatter signals for bottom roughness characterization is a modern technique. Here, the model results of seabottom backscatter data using a hydrosweep-multibeam system, from some of the geologically well-known areas of Southern Oceans, are presented. Using the capabilities of multibeam systems, angular backscatter strengths are determined employing various corrections. Different bottom backscattering modeling techniques like the composite roughness [Jackson et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 1410–1422 (1986)] and two-layer Helmholtz–Kirchhoff model [Talukdar et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1545–1558 (1995)] for estimation of bottom roughness is applied. Various seabottom parameters like root-mean-square (rms) relief height, correlation lengths, attenuation coefficients, and layer thickness using the two-layer Helmholtz–Kirchhoff model are calculated. The interface roughness parameters, i.e., slope and intercept values, and volume roughness parameters are computed using the composite roughness theory for the same geological areas.
Multimode Random Fiber Laser for Speckle-Free Imaging (2018)

Light sources with high radiance are increasingly required for full-field real-time imaging. Conventional lasing sources are poorly suited for such imaging due to their high spatial or temporal coherence, which generates a speckle that deteriorates image quality. Here, a random fiber laser with multitransverse modes is used as an illumination light source to effectively reduce the speckle in imaging. Low spatial coherence and low temporal coherence of the random fiber laser give birth to significant reduction in the speckle. Under the power-limited condition, the multimode random fiber laser is verified to have a comparable or even better imaging quality compared to a multimode amplified spontaneous emission source. Furthermore, its potential to generate ultrahigh power of up to hundreds of Watts with extremely-high spectral density would make a breakthrough in the development of a new generation of high-power low-coherence light sources for many speckle-free imaging applications, where conventional light sources are not usable. As the multimode random fiber laser can naturally inherit all the advantages of single-mode random fiber lasers, including flexible wavelength, robust structure, and high power, this paper may provide a platform to develop powerful low-coherence light sources to meet wide range requirements of the full-field real-time speckle-free imaging.
Mining Semantic Loop Idioms from Big Code (2016)

During maintenance, developers spend a lot of time transforming existing code: refactoring, optimizing, and adding checks to make it more robust. Much of this work is the drudgery of identifying and replacing specific patterns, yet it resists automation, because of meaningful patterns are hard to automatically find. We present a technique for mining loop idioms, surprisingly probable semantic patterns that occur in loops, from big code to find meaningful patterns. First, we show that automatically identifiable patterns exist, in great numbers, with a large scale empirical study of loop over 25 MLOC. We find that loops in this corpus are simple and predictable: 90% of them have fewer than 15LOC and 90% have no nesting and very simple control structure. Encouraged by this result, we coil loops to abstract away syntactic diversity to define information rich loop idioms. We show that only 50 loop idioms cover 50% of the concrete loops. We show how loop idioms can help a tool developers identify and prioritize refactorings. We also show how our framework opens the door to data-driven tool and language design discovering opportunities to introduce new API calls and language constructs: loop idioms show that LINQ would benefit from an Enumerate operator, a result confirmed by the fact that precisely this feature is one of the most requested features on StackOverflow with 197 votes and 95k views.
Cochannel interference suppression for constant modulus signals (2004)

In this paper we investigate the single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) for the GSM/EDGE system with the GMSK modulation. If the received signal is a superposition of the desired signal and constant modulus (CM) interference, the semi-blind method proposed by Berangi and Leung in 2001 can be used to suppress interference and thereby improve the receiver performance. However, they assume an ideal channel state information which is not available in practical cellular systems. Furthermore, the CM-SAIC algorithm is rather sensitive for channel estimation error and the suppression gain can be lost due to inaccurate estimation. For instance, the CM-SAIC with least squares (LS) channel estimation provides hardly any gain. Therefore we introduce a novel iterative channel estimation method based on the CM criterion. When combined with the CM-SAIC detector significant performance improvement can be achieved. In the presence of single dominant interfering signal we obtain up to 5 dB gain in TU3 channel.
All-SOP all-fiber depolarizer linear design (2004)

A novel single mode fiber depolarizer is demonstrated, based on a 3 dB coupler in association with polarization combiners. Wide spectral band operation and low degree of polarization (5%) are obtained for 0/spl deg/C to 70/spl deg/C temperature range.
Frequency- and amplitude-transitioned waveforms mitigate the onset response in high-frequency nerve block (2010)

High-frequency alternating currents (HFAC) have proven to be a reversible and rapid method of blocking peripheral nerve conduction, holding promise for treatment of disorders associated with undesirable neuronal activity. The delivery of HFAC is characterized by a transient period of neural firing at its inception, termed the 'onset response'. The onset response is minimized for higher frequencies and higher amplitudes, but requires larger currents. However, the complete block can be maintained at lower frequencies and amplitudes, using lower currents. In this in vivo study on whole mammalian peripheral nerves, we demonstrate a method to minimize the onset response by initiating the block using a stimulation paradigm with a high frequency and large amplitude, and then transitioning to a low-frequency and low-amplitude waveform, reducing the currents required to maintain the conduction block. In five of six animals, it was possible to transition from a 30 kHz to a 10 kHz waveform without inducing any transient neural firing. The minimum transition time was 0.03 s. Transition activity was minimized or eliminated with longer transition times. The results of this study show that this method is feasible for achieving a nerve block with minimal onset responses and current amplitude requirements.
Efficiency modeling and evaluation of a resonant snubber based soft-switching inverter for motor drive applications (2002)

This paper establishes an analytical model for a resonant snubber based soft-switching inverter. The model adopts the loss separation method to evaluate losses in individual components. Because of symmetry of the inverter circuit, the developed model is suitable for both single-phase and three-phase inverters. A single-phase inverter has been built and tested with a single-phase induction motor driving a fan load to verify the developed model. The equivalent single-phase induction motor model was curve-fitted from experimental results. The analytical results demonstrated reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The same efficiency evaluation method was then applied to a nonzero-voltage turn-on hard-switching inverter, and the results were compared with that of the soft-switching inverter. The resonant snubber based soft-switching inverter shows substantial efficiency improvement over the hard-switching inverter, especially in low speed operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proteome-wide discovery of mislocated proteins in cancer (2013)

Several studies have sought systematically to identify protein subcellular locations, but an even larger task is to map which of these proteins conditionally relocates in disease (the mislocalizome). Here, we report an integrative computational framework for mapping conditional location and mislocation of proteins on a proteome-wide scale, called a conditional location predictor (CoLP). Using CoLP, we mapped the locations of over 10,000 proteins in normal human brain and in glioma. The prediction showed 0.9 accuracy using 100 location tests of 20 randomly selected proteins. Of the 10,000 proteins, over 150 have a strong likelihood of mislocation under glioma, which is striking considering that few mislocation events have been identified in this disease previously. Using immunofluorescence and Western blotting in both primary cells and tissues, we successfully experimentally confirmed 15 mislocations. The most common type of mislocation occurs between the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus; for example, for RNF138, TLX3, and NFRKB. In particular, we found that the gene for the mislocating protein GFRA4 had a nonsynonymous point mutation in exon 2. Moreover, redirection of GFRA4 to its normal location, the plasma membrane, led to marked reductions in phospho-STAT3 and proliferation of glioma cells. This framework has the potential to track changes in protein location in many human diseases.
Development of PCR primers from internal transcribed spacer region 2 for detection of Phytophthora species infecting potatoes (1997)

We developed PCR primers and assay methods to detect and differentiate three Phytophthora species which infect potatoes and cause late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and pink rot (P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae) diseases. Primers based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer region 2 of ribosomal DNA produced PCR products of 456 bp (P. infestans), 136 bp (P. erythroseptica), and 455 bp (P. nicotianae) and were used to detect the pathogens in potato leaf (P. infestans) and tuber (P. infestans, P. erythroseptica, and P. nicotianae) tissue with a sensitivity of 1 to 10 pg of DNA. Leaf and tuber tissue were processed for PCR by a rapid NaOH method as well as a method based on the use of commercially available ion-exchange columns of P. infestans primers and the rapid NaOH extraction method were used to detect late blight in artificially and naturally infected tubers of potato cultivar Red LaSoda. In sampling studies, P. infestans was detected by PCR from artificially infected tubers at 4 days postinoculation, before any visible symptoms were present. The PCR assay and direct tissue extraction methods provide tools which may be used to detect Phytophthora pathogens in potato seedlots and storages and thus limit the transmission and spread of new, aggressive strains of P. infestans in U.S. potato-growing regions.
Fully Programmable Redundancy Circuits for STT-MRAM (2017)

We propose fully programmable redundancy schemes for spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memories (STT-MRAMs). To store redundancy information, these schemes use magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), which are core memory elements of STT-MRAMs. This can greatly simplify the fabrication process of STT-MRAMs. Furthermore, it also allows reprogramming of the redundancy information after packaging or even during normal use by end-users without requiring any special high-voltage setup. We propose two redundancy schemes. First, we propose an address comparator, which uses MTJs and is a direct replacement of a conventional address comparator. Second, we propose a scheme in which the redundancy circuits share the storage cells and read-write peripheral circuits with the normal data array structure.
A new technique for measuring dispersion of optical fibers using a frequency‐shifted feedback fiber laser. part I: Measurement of group velocity dispersion (2001)

Abstract With the continually improving performance of long‐distance optical communication systems, it becomes important to administer and control wavelength dispersion of the optical fiber. In this paper, a method of measurement of the group velocity dispersion (GVD) of an optical fiber using optical frequency domain reflectometry is proposed. In this scheme, frequency‐chirped light is used as a light source and the total dispersion of the GVD of the optical fiber is measured from the variations of the optical frequency chirp rate after transmission through the fiber. In this method, the GVD value versus the optical wavelength can be measured directly. Another characteristic is that the effect of measurement error due to fluctuations of the fiber under test can be neglected. An experimental verification of the present scheme was performed with a frequency‐shifted feedback laser, which is an ideal linear chirped light source. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(2): 1–7, 2002
Exploiting Hybrid Channel Information for Downlink Multi-User MIMO Scheduling (2013)

We investigate the downlink multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheduling problem in the presence of imperfect Channel State Information at the transmitter (CSIT) that comprises of coarse and current CSIT as well as finer but delayed CSIT. This scheduling problem is characterized by an intricate `exploitation - exploration tradeoff' between scheduling the users based on current CSIT for immediate gains, and scheduling them to obtain finer albeit delayed CSIT and potentially larger future gains. We solve this scheduling problem by formulating a frame based joint scheduling and feedback approach, where in each frame a policy is obtained as the solution to a Markov Decision Process. We prove that our proposed approach can be made arbitrarily close to the optimal and then demonstrate its significant gains over conventional MU-MIMO scheduling.
Design automation for mask programmable fabrics (2004)

Programmable circuit design has played an important role in improving design productivity over the last few decades. By imposing structure on the design, efficient automation of synthesis, placement and routing is possible. We focus on a class of programmable circuits known as mask programmable circuits. In this paper, we describe key issues in design and tool methodology that need to be addressed in creating a programmable fabric. We construct an efficient design flow that can explore different logic and routing architectures. The main advantage of our work is that we tailor tools designed for standard cell design, that are readily available in the market, to work on a programmable fabric. Our flow requires some additional software capability. A special router that understands programmable routing constructs to complete connections is described. In addition, a tool that packs logic efficiently after synthesis is also presented.
Real time tracking for enhanced tennis broadcasts (2002)

This paper develops real time tracking technology for sports broadcast applications. The specific sport chosen here is the game of tennis. The outputs of the tennis tracking system are spatio-temporal trajectories of motion of the players and the ball which can in turn provide a number of statistics about the game. For instance, the distance travelled by a player, the speed and the acceleration at any instant, as well as court coverage patterns can be obtained from the trajectories. The statistics so obtained can be visualized in compelling ways to enhance the appreciation of the athleticism and strategy involved in the sport. We present techniques for tracking the players and the ball in video obtained from stationary cameras. The problem is challenging as the tracking needs to be performed outdoors, players are fast-moving non-rigid objects, and the ball is a small object that can move at speeds in the range of 150 miles an hour. Player trajectories are obtained by dynamically clustering tracks of local features. Ball segmentation and tracking is based on shape and color features of the ball. Real time tracking results are presented on video recorded live by the authors in an international tennis tournament.
Wave-front shaping for nonlinear dynamics control (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Recent progress in controlling light propagation in multimode fibers in the linear regime, opened new opportunities for multimode fiber endoscopy. However, nonlinear light propagation in multimode fibers comprises complex intermodal interactions and rich spatiotemporal dynamics. In this work, we demonstrate a wave-front shaping approach for controlling nonlinear phenomena in multimode fibers. Using a spatial light modulator at the fiber’s input and a genetic algorithm optimization, we control a highly nonlinear stimulated Raman scattering cascade and its interplay with four wave mixing via a flexible implicit control on the superposition of modes that are coupled into the fiber. We demonstrate versatile spectrum manipulations that could be used to generate a multi-wavelength, tunable source. The wavefront shaping control allows spectral shifting and modal tuning. A theoretical analysis of modal phase matching in graded index multi-mode fibers is presented and we suggest potential bio-imaging applications.