gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low rotational drag in high-temperature superconducting bearings (1995)

Bearings consisting of permanent magnets stably levitated over high-temperature superconductors exhibit low rotational drag and have the potential to enable high-efficiency flywheel energy storage. The coefficient of friction /spl mu/ for such storage systems is derived as a function of bearing parameters and is shown to be an appropriate figure of merit to describe bearing losses. Analysis shows that values of /spl mu/ <10/sup -6/ enable flywheel standby losses <0.1%/hr for high-speed flywheels. A vacuum-chamber experimental apparatus has been constructed to measure values of /spl mu/ for various experimental bearing designs. Experimental values for /spl mu/ at low velocity have been as low as 3/spl times/10/sup -7/ for an 89-mm-diameter ring permanent magnet stably levitated over an array of melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O. An important loss mechanism occurs from eddy currents induced in the rotating magnet due to the discrete nature of the superconductor array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Decade Monitoring Shale Gas Plays Using Microseismicity: Advances in the Understanding of Hydraulic Fracturing (2012)

Abstract Over the past decade, microsesimic monitoring has become the approach most often used to gain an in-situ understanding of the rock's response during hydraulic fracture stimulations. From initial monitoring performed in the Barnett Shale to monitoring currently being carried out for example in the Horn River and Marcellus formations, we review the evolution of microseismic monitoring from data collection (single versus multi-well array configurations, utilization of long lateral stimulation wells), to data analysis and the incorporation of microseismic parameters to constrain and validate reservoir models. Furthermore, we discuss the variations in microseismic activity for different stimulation programs (e.g. zipper-fracs) and stimulation fluids. Generally, we have observed that overall fracture height, width and length, orientation, and growth vary from formation to formation and within each formation, thereby highlighting the ongoing necessity for microseismic monitoring. Additionally, through the use of advanced microseismic analysis techniques, such as Seismic Moment Tensor Inversion (SMTI), details on failure mechanisms have been used to assess stimulation effectiveness and define complex Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN). This information provides estimates of Enhanced Fluid Flow (EFF), which assist in calibrating and validating reservoir models. Utilizing spatial and temporal distributions in DFN and EFF, along with estimates of fracture interconnectivity and complexity, the role of pre-existing fractures and fault structures in the rock matrix can be established and used to provide more realistic estimates of stimulation parameters such as Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV).
The isoprenoid alcohol pathway, a synthetic route for isoprenoid biosynthesis (2019)

The more than 50,000 isoprenoids found in nature are all derived from the 5-carbon diphosphates isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Natively, IPP and DMAPP are generated by the mevalonate (MVA) and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathways, which have been engineered to produce compounds with numerous applications. However, as these pathways are inherently constrained by carbon, energy inefficiencies, and their roles in native metabolism, engineering for isoprenoid biosynthesis at high flux, titer, and yield remains a challenge. To overcome these limitations, here we develop an alternative synthetic pathway termed the isoprenoid alcohol (IPA) pathway that centers around the synthesis and subsequent phosphorylation of IPAs. We first established a lower IPA pathway for the conversion of IPAs to isoprenoid pyrophosphate intermediates that enabled the production of greater than 2 g/L geraniol from prenol as well as limonene, farnesol, diaponeurosporene, and lycopene. We then designed upper IPA pathways for the generation of (iso)prenol from central carbon metabolites with the development of a route to prenol enabling its synthesis at more than 2 g/L. Using prenol as the linking intermediate further facilitated an integrated IPA pathway that resulted in the production of nearly 0.6 g/L total monoterpenoids from glycerol as the sole carbon source. The IPA pathway provides an alternative route to isoprenoids that is more energy efficient than native pathways and can serve as a platform for targeting a repertoire of isoprenoid compounds with application as high-value pharmaceuticals, commodity chemicals, and fuels.
Modular Design of a Passive, Low-Cost Prosthetic Knee Mechanism to Enable Able-Bodied Kinematics for Users With Transfemoral Amputation (2017)

There is a significant need for low-cost, high-performance prosthetic knee technology for transfemoral amputees in India. Replicating able-bodied gait in amputees is biomechanically necessary to reduce the metabolic cost, and it is equally important to mitigate the socio-economic discrimination faced by amputees in developing countries due to their conspicuous gait deviations. This paper improves upon a previous study of a fully passive knee mechanism, addressing the issues identified in its user testing in India. This paper presents the design, analysis and bench-level testing of the three major functional modules of the new prosthetic knee architecture: (i) a four-bar latch mechanism for achieving stability during stance phase of walking, (ii) an early stance flexion module designed by implementing a fully adjustable mechanism, and (iii) a hydraulic rotary damping system for achieving smooth and reliable swing-phase control.
Application of a new rotor steel forging for medium rating single cylinder steam turbines (2002)

The demand of the 80-300 MW class medium rating steam turbines has been recently increasing specially for combined cycle plants and IPP (independent power producer) plants. The compact structure is needed for the effective use of grounds, the saving of raw materials and the reduction of exhausted CO{sub 2} in these steam turbines. For these viewpoints, a new 2.25%Cr1.7%NiMoVNbW steel forging has been developed for the high pressure (HP)-low pressure (LP) single cylinder steam turbine rotor. The principal technological features of this rotor steel are as follows: (1) The optimization of chemical composition for the increasing of tensile strength, toughness and creep rupture strength. (2) The application of differential heat treatment condition for HP and LP rotor portions. (3) The application of ESR (electroslag remelting) process for the reduction of carbon segregation in the center portion of the rotor ingot. This new steel shows a good creep rupture strength equivalent to the conventional 1%CrMoV HP rotor steels and the excellent proof stress and toughness which is the supreme level in single cylinder turbine rotors. Twelve rotor forgings have been already produced for the commercial HP-LP single cylinder steam turbines and have been operated without any problem. The development of this new rotor steel forging has contributed for the extension of single cylinder steam turbine rating and the increasing of turbine efficiency due to the application of longer blades. (orig.)
3D Virtual Haptic Cone for Intuitive Vehicle Motion Control (2008)

Haptic human-machine interfaces and interaction techniques have been shown to offer advantages over conventional approaches. This work introduces the 3D virtual haptic cone with the aim of improving human remote control of a vehicle's motion. The 3D cone introduces a third dimension to the haptic control surface over existing approaches. This approach improves upon existing methods by providing the human operator with an intuitive method for issuing vehicle motion commands whilst simultaneously receiving real-time haptic information from the remote system. The presented approach offers potential across many applications, and as a case study, this work considers the approach in the context of mobile robot motion control. The performance of the approach in providing the operator with improved motion controllability is evaluated and the performance improvement determined.
Pervasive Model Adaptation: The Integration of Planning and Information Gathering in Dynamic Production Systems (2009)

Model-based planning often presumes a static system model, while in a practice physical system may evolve or drift over time. This paper proposes the idea of pervasive model adaptation in a production system, where the model is dynamically updated using observation of production output. The core idea is the interplay between model adaptation and production planning. We seek plans which simultaneously serve the goals of achieving high productivity for production, and information gathering for model adaptation. We use a modular printing example to illustrate issues such as formulation of the information criterion and search strategy for informative plans. The idea of pervasive adaptation can be further extended to improve long term productivity in production systems.
Recent developments in aromatic azo polymers research (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecent developments in aromatic azo polymers researchS. Xie, A. Natansohn, and P. RochonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 4, 403–411Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00028a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00028a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2620Altmetric-Citations495LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanoassembly of a Fractal Polymer: A Molecular "Sierpinski Hexagonal Gasket" (2006)

Mathematics and art converge in the fractal forms that also abound in nature. We used molecular self-assembly to create a synthetic, nanometer-scale, Sierpinski hexagonal gasket. This nondendritic, perfectly self-similar fractal macromolecule is composed of bis-terpyridine building blocks that are bound together by coordination to 36 Ru and 6 Fe ions to form a nearly planar array of increasingly larger hexagons around a hollow center.
Formation and crystal growth of needle-like fluoroapatite in functional glass-ceramics (2008)

The objective of the study is to analyze the solid state reactions leading to the precipitation of fluoroapatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, in two different functional glass-ceramic systems (labeled A and B) of interest for restorative dentistry. Combined X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are used to characterize the solid state reactions, leading to the formation of primary and secondary crystalline phases, as well as the structural changes occurring in the residual glass matrix during this process. The results indicate that, depending on the composition of the ceramic, fluoroapatite crystallization can proceed by different mechanisms: (1) precipitation in a parallel process accompanying the formation of rhenanite (NaCaPO4) primary crystals (glass-ceramic A), and (2) formation from amorphous and/or disordered crystalline precursor phases that are already segregated within a phase separated glass matrix (glass-ceramic B). In the latter case, this disordered phase transforms by solid state reaction into fluoroapatite at high temperatures of heat treatment of the glass-ceramic. The needle-like morphology of fluoroapatite in glass-ceramics mimics the morphology of hydroxyl-carbonato apatite in human teeth.
A Study of Pulsed Activation of Trapped Field Magnets&#x2014;Part 1: Effects of Pulse Height and Creep (2012)

We report experimental results of a study of pulsed field activation of YBCO trapped field magnets (TFMs), at 77 K, in which the applied field covers an area smaller than the TFM. Data on a subset of experiments, in which pulse amplitude is varied, show the effects on trapped field distribution and creep. At low pulse height, trapped field is observed at the sample periphery, even at applied field well below <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C1</sub> . At increased fields, the measured <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</i> is not limited to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> or zero, as in the Bean model, but varies continuously from 0 to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> , possibly as a result of averaging over the spatially varying applied field. For partial activation, creep is a function of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</i> . As the critical state is approached, the spread in creep rates collapses to a single value. Full activation is obtained by a single pulse of applied field approximately 3.3 times maximum trapped field on the TFM surface.
Toward point-of-care assessment of patient response: a portable tool for rapidly assessing cancer drug efficacy using multifrequency impedance cytometry and supervised machine learning (2019)

We present a novel method to rapidly assess drug efficacy in targeted cancer therapy, where antineoplastic agents are conjugated to antibodies targeting surface markers on tumor cells. We have fabricated and characterized a device capable of rapidly assessing tumor cell sensitivity to drugs using multifrequency impedance spectroscopy in combination with supervised machine learning for enhanced classification accuracy. Currently commercially available devices for the automated analysis of cell viability are based on staining, which fundamentally limits the subsequent characterization of these cells as well as downstream molecular analysis. Our approach requires as little as 20 μL of volume and avoids staining allowing for further downstream molecular analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this manuscript presents the first comprehensive attempt to using high-dimensional data and supervised machine learning, particularly phase change spectra obtained from multi-frequency impedance cytometry as features for the support vector machine classifier, to assess viability of cells without staining or labelling.
A Unique Serological Marker Signature Can Help to Identify Difficult to Diagnose Colonic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

Purpose: Colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a unique form of IBD that behaves differently from typical Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Current multi-marker diagnostic panels can discriminate between CD and UC by classifying patients based on an expected marker profile for each IBD subtype. However, a subset of patients possess a marker signature that conforms to neither subtype, but appears to have a unique signature, featuring CD-specific anti-flagellin markers like anti CBir-1 combined with the UC-specific marker ANCA. The aim of this study was to investigate serological marker patterns that may help to differentiate and subtype colonic IBD-like subjects. Methods: Serum samples from 518 patients with well-characterized IBD, collected from six academic and 42 community medical practices, were evaluated with serological markers (ASCA-IgA, ASCA-IgG, ANCA, anti-OmpC, anti-CBir1, anti-A4Fla2 and anti-FlaX). Using a marker pattern of ANCA positivity and high titers of the anti flagellin (CBir-1, A4-Fla2 & FlaX) antibodies, 53 IBD patients were identified as serologically inconclusive for CD vs. UC. Results: The majority (91%) of these 53 patients had colonic disease involvement. Twenty-seven were originally diagnosed as CD (51%), and 26 as UC (49%). These 53 patients were profiled by their specifi c serological marker patterns. The first group (n=21) had ASCA and anti-flagellin markers reminiscent of a CD pattern, but also had high ANCA and pANCA (median values in EU/ml: ASCAA=11.2; ASCAG=11.6; ANCA=67.1; anti OmpC=7.9; anti CBir1=51.5; anti A4-Fla2=53.2; anti FlaX=51.7), so were classified “CD-like”. The second group (n=13) had a marker pattern resembling UC with high ANCA and pANCA and low ASCA, but also had high anti-flagellin markers (median values in EU/ml: ASCAA=3.0; ASCAG=3.0; ANCA=100.1; anti OmpC=4.2; anti CBir1=34.7; anti A4-Fla2=35.5; anti FlaX=30.3), and so were classified as “UC-like”. The third group (n=19) had a truly intermediate marker pattern (median values in EU/ml: ASCAA=3.1; ASCAG=5.4; ANCA=47.5; anti OmpC=37.3; anti CBir1=37.3; anti A4-Fla2=34.5; anti FlaX=25.5), so were classified as “IBD-indeterminate.” A total of seven CD and 12 UC have been reclassified based on their marker pattern as IBD-indeterminate. Conclusion: Multi-marker diagnostic panels containing ANCA and anti-flagellin serological markers can help to identify patients who can be hard to diagnose and subtype into CD or UC. Moreover, the serological markers can identify colonic disease involvement and identify subtypes such as UC-like, CD-like, or truly indeterminate within this group. The clinical significance of these subtypes will need to be evaluated in a larger study. Disclosure - Fred Princen, Steven Lockton, Jordan Stachelski, Cheryl Triggs, Michelle Brown and Sharat Singh - Employees of Prometheus Labs, Inc.
Tardis (2014)

Developers who set a breakpoint a few statements too late or who are trying to diagnose a subtle bug from a single core dump often wish for a time-traveling debugger. The ability to rewind time to see the exact sequence of statements and program values leading to an error has great intuitive appeal but, due to large time and space overheads, time traveling debuggers have seen limited adoption. A managed runtime, such as the Java JVM or a JavaScript engine, has already paid much of the cost of providing core features - type safety, memory management, and virtual IO - that can be reused to implement a low overhead time-traveling debugger. We leverage this insight to design and build affordable time-traveling debuggers for managed languages. Tardis realizes our design: it provides affordable time-travel with an average overhead of only 7% during normal execution, a rate of 0.6MB/s of history logging, and a worst-case 0.68s time-travel latency on our benchmark applications. Tardis can also debug optimized code using time-travel to reconstruct state. This capability, coupled with its low overhead, makes Tardis suitable for use as the default debugger for managed languages, promising to bring time-traveling debugging into the mainstream and transform the practice of debugging.
Data from Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Is a Novel Molecular Therapeutic Target for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> We set out to identify Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) as a novel molecular target in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and examine its role in tumor cell growth and viability <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> independently as well as in combination with current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved regimens.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Patient normal and ccRCC tissue samples and cell lines were examined for <i>SCD1</i> expression. Genetic knockdown models and targeted inhibition of SCD1 through use of a small molecule inhibitor, A939572, were analyzed for growth, apoptosis, and alterations in gene expression using gene array analysis. Therapeutic models of synergy were evaluated utilizing pharmacologic inhibition of SCD1 with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) sunitinib and pazopanib, and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Our studies identify increased <i>SCD1</i> expression in all stages of ccRCC. Both genetic knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of SCD1 decreased tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Upon gene array, quantitative real-time PCR, and protein analysis of A939572-treated or SCD1 lentiviral knockdown samples, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress response signaling was observed, providing mechanistic insight for SCD1 activity in ccRCC. Furthermore, combinatorial application of A939572 with temsirolimus synergistically inhibited tumor growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Increased SCD1 expression supports ccRCC viability and therefore we propose it as a novel molecular target for therapy either independently or in combination with an mTOR inhibitor for patients whose disease cannot be remedied with surgical intervention, such as in cases of advanced or metastatic disease. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2368–80. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Holographic fabrication of octagon graded photonic supercrystal and potential applications in topological photonics (2019)

Novel optical properties in graded photonic super-crystals can be further explored if new types of graded photonic super-crystals are fabricated. In this paper, we report holographic fabrication of graded photonic super-crystal with eight graded lattice clusters surrounding the central non-gradient lattices through pixel-by-pixel phase engineering in a spatial light modulator. The prospect of applications of octagon graded photonic super-crystal in topological photonics is discussed through photonic band gap engineering and coupled ring resonators.
N-Cyanoimides via the Cyanation of Imides (1991)

Abstract The conversion of cyclic imides to the corresponding N-cyanoimides has been carried out using cyanogen bromide as the nitrile source. This methodology provides a convenient route for the preparation of both aromatic and aliphatic N-cyanoimides.