gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid video coding using variable size block transforms (2002)

Adaptive Block Transforms (ABT) were recently proposed for inter coding in the emerging video coding standard H.26L. The basic idea of ABT is to connect the block size used for transform coding of the prediction error to the block size used for motion compensation. The maximum possible signal length is exploited for transform coding. In this paper, the concept variable block size transforms (VBST) is proposed for intra coding. The selection of the transform block sizes is based on a rate/distortion criterion. Several prediction modes including directional prediction are employed. In terms of PSNR the simulation results reveal better or at least comparable performance for the VBST coding scheme compared to the TML. A gain of about 0.5 dB can be observed for intra as well as for inter coding. The VBST scheme tends to preserve more detail information of the signal. Therefore, the subjective quality of the decoded video is generally increased.
Study on the Improvement of Natto-production Process (2015)

To improve the Natto flavor, in this experiment, different ratios between black soybean and soybean as raw materials were used to explore the suitable fermentation conditions for Natto producing. The results of orthogonal test show that the best condition is: the ratio of black soybean to soybean is 1:4, boiling for 30 min, Bacillus natto inoculation amount 10%, fermentation temperature 38°C and fermentation time 13 h.
New and Facile Synthesis of 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-5-deaza-5-thiapterins via the Aliphatic S-N Type Smiles Rearrangement. (1994)

5, 6, 7, 8-Tetrahydro-5-deaza-5-thiapterins, (1a, 1d, and 1e), were conveniently synthesized by the thermal condensation of 5-bromo-6-chloroisocytosine (5) with cysteamines (6a-c) via the aliphatic S-N type Smiles rearrangement in ethanolic pH 7.0 buffer solution.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling Decreases Infection and Prevents Heart Damage in Acute Chagas' Disease (2009)

Chagas' disease induced by Trypanosoma cruzi infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity affecting the cardiovascular system for which presently available therapies are largely inadequate. We previously reported that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is implicated in several regulatory aspects of T. cruzi invasion and growth and in host tissue fibrosis. This prompted us to evaluate the therapeutic action of an inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling (SB-431542) administered during the acute phase of experimental Chagas' disease. Male Swiss mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10(4) trypomastigotes of T. cruzi (Y strain) and evaluated clinically for the following 30 days. SB-431542 treatment significantly reduced mortality and decreased parasitemia. Electrocardiography showed that SB-431542 treatment was effective in protecting the cardiac conduction system. By 14 day postinfection, enzymatic biomarkers of tissue damage indicated that muscle injury was decreased by SB-431542 treatment, with significantly lower blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase. In conclusion, inhibition of TGF-beta signaling in vivo appears to potently decrease T. cruzi infection and to prevent heart damage in a preclinical mouse model. This suggests that this class of molecules may represent a new therapeutic agent for acute and chronic Chagas' disease that warrants further clinical exploration.
Synaptic Pathology in Retinoschisis Knockout (<i>Rs1</i><sup>−/<i>y</i></sup>) Mouse Retina and Modification by rAAV-<i>Rs1</i>Gene Delivery (2008)

In the Rs1-KO mouse, retinal layer formation and synaptic protein expression in the OPL is normal up to P14, implying normal development of synaptic connections. Aberrant localization of synaptic proteins by P21 indicates that displacement of developing and/or mature synapses contributes to the b-wave reduction at young ages, when photoreceptor numbers and synaptic protein levels are normal. The subsequent decline in PSD95 and mGluR6 between 1 and 12 months in Rs1-KO retina mirrors the course of b-wave change and provides evidence of causal relationship between the ERG and OPL changes. These findings and the improved structural integrity of the OPL and b-wave amplitude after Rs1 gene transfer therapy provide a cellular and molecular basis for interpreting the changes in retinal signaling in this model.
Birefringent filters for tuning flashlamp-pumped dye lasers: simplified theory and design (1978)

The theory of a birefringent filter in a laser cavity simplifies when the Jones matrix of a tilted birefringent plate is reduced to its most fundamental form. Theorems relating to stacks of plates are deduced. For example, certain periodic stacks are shown to have no secondary peaks. Approximate expressions are derived for the important parameters of the filters. Designs with maximum tuning range and minimum total number of plates are achieved by tailoring the secondary peaks to meet the inverse of the laser gain curve.
Leveraging existing tests in automated test generation for web applications (2014)

To test web applications, developers currently write test cases in frameworks such as Selenium. On the other hand, most web test generation techniques rely on a crawler to explore the dynamic states of the application. The first approach requires much manual effort, but benefits from the domain knowledge of the developer writing the test cases. The second one is automated and systematic, but lacks the domain knowledge required to be as effective. We believe combining the two can be advantageous. In this paper, we propose to (1) mine the human knowledge present in the form of input values, event sequences, and assertions, in the human-written test suites, (2) combine that inferred knowledge with the power of automated crawling, and (3) extend the test suite for uncovered/unchecked portions of the web application under test. Our approach is implemented in a tool called Testilizer. An evaluation of our approach indicates that Testilizer (1) outperforms a random test generator, and (2) on average, can generate test suites with improvements of up to 150% in fault detection rate and up to 30% in code coverage, compared to the original test suite.
Is there a Role for Preoperative Infusion or Intraoperative Cholangiography? (1997)

Background : There has been a resurgence of interest in recent years in preoperative infusion cholangiography (PIC). The role of routine PIC compared to routine intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) has not been clearly defined. Study design : In our department between 1985 and 1991, 1,042 of 1,576 consecutive patients with biliary calculous disease had elective cholecystectomy: 694 patients were prospectively scheduled for PIC, and 348 patients were randomly allocated to IOC. The patients in the PIC and IOC groups were similar with regard to age, history of biliopancreatic complications, and laboratory findings. The cost of PIC in Sweden is nearly five times greater than the cost of IOC. Results : Satisfactory opacification of the biliary system was obtained in 90.1 and 96.8 percent of patients who underwent PIC and IOC, respectively. Preoperative infusion cholangiography required support by IOC in 19.5 percent of patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the PIC and IOC groups with regard to the incidence (7 percent in both groups) of or positive predictive value (68 and 80 percent, respectively) for bile duct stones, rate of retained stones (6 and 20 percent, respectively), intraoperative (5.6 and 6.3 percent, respectively) or postoperative (13.3 and 15.9 percent, respectively) morbidity, or incidence of bile duct anomalies (0.9 and 0.3 percent, respectively). Median operative time was longer in .patients with (95 minutes) compared to those without (75 minutes) IOC ( p <0.001). More postoperative complications occurred after bile duct exploration (26 of 75 patients) compared to cholecystectomy alone (114 of 917 patients, p <0.001). The 30‐day mortality was zero. Minor bile duct injuries occurred in two patients (0.2 percent) at cholecystectomy, (one with and one without bile duct exploration). In no patient was the cholangiographic finding of a biliary anomaly crucial for the safe execution of cholecystectomy. Conclusions : In our study, PIC and IOC were comparable, but routine use of either method did not promote the safety of cholecystectomy and thus their routine use is not warranted. The shorter operative time and preoperative identification of common bile duct (CBD) stones provided by PIC might favor this examination when applied selectively in patients with increased risk of having CBD stones. However, this potential advantage is offset by the need for PIC to be supported by IOC in approximately 20 percent of patients. Also, the cost of PIC is greater than the cost of IOC.
Mixed glucose and lactate uptake by <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> through metabolic engineering (2011)

The Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 lysC(fbr) strain was engineered to grow fast on racemic mixtures of lactate and to secrete lysine during growth on lactate as well as on mixtures of lactate and glucose. The wild-type C. glutamicum only grows well on L-lactate. Overexpression of D-lactate dehydrogenase (dld) achieved by exchanging the native promoter of the dld gene for the stronger promoter of the sod gene encoding superoxide dismutase in C. glutamicum resulted in a duplication of biomass yield and faster growth without any secretion of lysine. Elementary mode analysis was applied to identify potential targets for lysine production from lactate as well as from mixtures of lactate and glucose. Two targets for overexpression were pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme. The overexpression of these genes using again the sod promoter resulted in growth-associated production of lysine with lactate as sole carbon source with a carbon yield of 9% and a yield of 15% during growth on a lactate-glucose mixture. Both substrates were taken up simultaneously with a slight preference for lactate. As surmised from the elementary mode analysis, deletion of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase resulted in a decreased production of lysine on the mixed substrate. Elementary mode analysis together with suitable objective functions has been found a very useful tool guiding the design of strains producing lysine on mixed substrates.
Stoichiometric Reactions of CO<sub>2</sub> and Indium‐Silylamides and Catalytic Synthesis of Ureas (2017)

The indium compounds In(N(SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> Cl⋅THF (2) and In(N(SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> )Cl<sub>2</sub> ⋅(THF)<sub>n</sub> (3) were shown to react with CO<sub>2</sub> to give [(Me<sub>3</sub> Si)<sub>2</sub> N)InX(μ-OSiMe<sub>3</sub> )]<sub>2</sub> (X=N(SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> 4, Cl 5). 0.05-2.0 mol % of the species 3 acts as a pre-catalyst for the conversion of aryl and alkyl silylamines under CO<sub>2</sub> (2-3 atm) to give the corresponding ureas in 70-99 % yields. A proposed mechanism is supported by experimental and computational data.
MAGI-1 interacts with Slo1 channel proteins and suppresses Slo1 expression on the cell surface (2009)

Large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels encoded by the Slo1 gene (also known as KCNMA1) are physiologically important in a wide range of cell types and form complexes with a number of other proteins that affect their function. We performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify proteins that interact with BK(Ca) channels using a bait construct derived from domains in the extreme COOH-terminus of Slo1. A protein known as membrane-associated guanylate kinase with inverted orientation protein-1 (MAGI-1) was identified in this screen. MAGI-1 is a scaffolding protein that allows formation of complexes between certain transmembrane proteins, actin-binding proteins, and other regulatory proteins. MAGI-1 is expressed in a number of tissues, including podocytes and the brain. The interaction between MAGI-1 and BK(Ca) channels was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays in differentiated cells of a podocyte cell line and in human embryonic kidneys (HEK)293T cells transiently coexpressing MAGI-1a and three different COOH-terminal Slo1 variants. Coexpression of MAGI-1 with Slo1 channels in HEK-293T cells results in a significant reduction in the surface expression of Slo1, as assessed by cell-surface biotinylation assays, confocal microscopy, and whole cell recordings. Partial knockdown of endogenous MAGI-1 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in differentiated podocytes increased the surface expression of endogenous Slo1 as assessed by electrophysiology and cell-surface biotinylation assays, whereas overexpression of MAGI-1a reduced steady-state voltage-evoked outward current through podocyte BK(Ca) channels. These data suggest that MAGI-1 plays a role in regulation of surface expression of BK(Ca) channels in the kidney and possibly in other tissues.
Cyclodextrins as Protective Agents of Protein Aggregation: An Overview (2016)

Cyclodextrins are extensively used in different fields (e.g., catalysis, chromatography, pharma, supramolecular chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and bioinorganic chemistry), and their applications have been widely reviewed. Their main application in the field of pharmaceutical is as a drug carrier. This review overviews, for the first time, the use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives as antiaggregant agents in a number of proteins (e.g., amyloid-β, insulin, recombinant human growth hormone, prion protein, transthyretin, and α-synuclein) and some multimeric enzymes. There are many diseases that are correlated to protein misfolding and amyloid formation processes affecting numerous organs and tissues. There are over 30 different amyloid proteins and a number of corresponding diseases. Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Treatment of these diseases is still a goal to reach, and many molecules are studied in this perspective. Cyclodextrins have also been studied, and they show great potential; as such, further studies could be very promising. This review aims to be a stimulus for the design of new cyclodextrin derivatives to obtain multifunctional systems with antiaggregant activity.
[Angiography and functional results and histologic findings following percutaneous atherectomy in patients with arterial occlusive disease]. (1989)

In this study we report on the atherectomy technique, acute and long-term data, and histological findings of excised specimens from patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with the Simpson atherectomy catheter. Forty patients with a total of 72 lesions of the iliac (n = 5), superficial femoral (n = 62), and popliteal (n = 5) arteries could be treated; five patients had rest pain and two had gangrene. The primary success rate (of all lesions, including total occlusions and longer stenoses) was over 90%. The percent of stenosis decreased from 87.2 +/- 19.9% to 16.6 +/- 15.5%; the claudication distance improved from 80.5 +/- 65.7 m to 152.8 +/- 80.3 m; the Doppler index (leg/arm) increased from 0.57 +/- 0.17 to 0.81 +/- 0.16. At 6 months the mean walking distance and Doppler index remained stable from post-atherectomy; the mean percent of stenosis had increased to 35.7 +/- 30.9%. The angiographic restenosis rate (defined as stenosis greater than 70%) was 21% with a clear difference found depending on the primary morphology of the lesion: in eccentrics 5%, concentrics 27%, and total occlusions 42%, thereby allowing categorization of the suitability of a primary lesion for atherectomy. Histologically, restenoses showed more cellular proliferation and organized thrombus as compared to their primary stenoses; further investigations (cell culture, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy) are underway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RNA interference in parasitic helminths: current situation, potential pitfalls and future prospects (2006)

RNA interference (RNAi) has become an invaluable tool for the functional analysis of genes in a wide variety of organisms including the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Recently, attempts have been made to apply this technology to parasitic helminths of animals and plants with variable success. Gene knockdown has been reported for Schistosoma mansoni by soaking or electroporating different life-stages in dsRNA. Similar approaches have been tested on parasitic nematodes which clearly showed that, under certain conditions, it was possible to interfere with gene expression. However, despite these successes, the current utility of this technology in parasite research is questionable. First, problems have arisen with the specificity of RNAi. Treatment of the parasites with dsRNA resulted, in many cases, in non-specific effects. Second, the current RNAi methods have a limited efficiency and effects are sometimes difficult to reproduce. This was especially the case in strongylid parasites where only a small number of genes were susceptible to RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. The future application of RNAi in parasite functional genomics will greatly depend on how we can overcome these difficulties. Optimization of the dsRNA delivery methods and in vitro culture conditions will be the major challenges.
Wordstar Professional: The Complete Reference (1988)

This is an unbeatable reference to the most widely used word processing software. Provides every WordStar professional user with a comprehensive listing of all commands, features, and functions, up to and including release 5.
Fermentative Acetatproduktion durch Homoacetat-Gärung bzw. Acetacetatbildung (2012)

Für die gentechnische Veränderung von acetogenen Bakterien, wie Clostridium ljungdahlii, Acetobakterium woodii oder Clostridium aceticum, wurde eine Transformationsmethode entwickelt. Durch Überexpression der Gene, welche für die Acetat-Kinase und die Phosphotransacetylase, bzw. der Gene, welche für die Formyl-THF-Synthetase, die Methenyl-THF-Cyclohydrolase, die Methylen-THF-Dehydrogenase und die Methylen-THF-Reduktase des Wood-Ljungdahl-Wegs kodieren, konnte die Acetatproduktion dieser Organismen bei Wachstum auf CO2/H2 gesteigert werden. Durch Inaktivierung der Gene hbd (3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA-Dehydrogenase) oder crt (Crotonase) in C. acetobutylicum wurde eine erhöhte Ethanolproduktion nachgewiesen. Durch die Inaktivierung des Gens hbd konnte eine Steigerung in der Acetatproduktion beobachtet werden. Eine Überexpression der Gene thlA (Thiolase A) und ctfA/B (Acetacetyl-CoA: Acetat/Butyrat-CoA-Transferase) in der hbd-Integrationsmutante führte ebenfalls zu einer Steigerung in der Acetatproduktion. Die Expression des Gens für die Acetoinreduktase aus C. beijerinkcii in C. acetobutylicum WT bzw. der hbd-Integrationsmutante führte zur Produktion von 2,3-Butandiol.
Elimination behavior patterns of domestic cats (Felis catus) with and without elimination behavior problems (2006)

Times spent digging in litter boxes by cats with and without elimination problems have been determined, and data suggest that actual digging times could be used as a means to test for litter preference and litter aversion. This information may also be used to identify cats with litter aversion prior to the development of an elimination problem.
UV-Induces Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on the Photochemistry of Ketoprofen¶ (2001)

Ketoprofen (KP) is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. However, application to the skin is problematic because the photosensitizing properties of the benzophenone moiety may cause phototoxic effects when the treated skin region is exposed to UVA light. Using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection we are able to differentiate the peroxides formed during illumination of KP-containing solutions of linoleic acid. Contrary to other profens a high amount of hydrogen peroxide was found among the reaction products. For investigation of the skin damaging effect human keratinocytes were used as models. Cell viability, DNA synthesis efficiency and intracellular concentration of peroxides were determined. Viability and proliferation behavior was not altered under the influence of KP. While lower concentrations of KP (10-100 nM) led to a protection against the UVA-induced (8 J/cm2) cell proliferation damage, higher concentrations (10-100 microM) led to an amplification of the proliferation decrease. With UVB irradiation at relevant doses the effects were lower than using UVA. Furthermore, intracellular peroxide content was increased after UV irradiation and KP addition. In conclusion some efforts have to be done to avoid these side effects in the use of KP for topical or transdermal application.
Land Price Dynamics in a Two-Sector Growth Model (2015)

This study builds a two-sector growth model with endogenous wealth accumulation and land price. The economy consists of industrial and agricultural sectors. Methodology: The model is based on the neoclassical growth theory and Ricardian theory. The householdâ€™s decision is modeled with an alternative approach proposed by Zhang two decades ago. By simulation, we demonstrate that the economic system has a unique stable steady state. The study conducts comparative dynamic analysis with regard to changes in the preference and the two sectorsâ€™ output elasticities of capital. Findings: Our results demonstrate that economic growth is in tandem with land prices. Recommendations: We show this often-mentioned empirical conclusion in an integrated neoclassical growth theory and Ricardian theory.
Multi-PKG ID based signcryption. (2008)

Abstract: Here we propose an identity based signcryption scheme in the multi-PKG environment where sender and receiver receive public key from different PKG. We also define security models for our scheme and give security proofs in random oracle model.
A Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Platform for Functional Genetic Studies of HIV-Host Interactions in Primary Human T Cells (2016)

New genetic tools are needed to understand the functional interactions between HIV and human host factors in primary cells. We recently developed a method to edit the genome of primary CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells by electroporation of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Here, we adapted this methodology to a high-throughput platform for the efficient, arrayed editing of candidate host factors. CXCR4 or CCR5 knockout cells generated with this method are resistant to HIV infection in a tropism-dependent manner, whereas knockout of LEDGF or TNPO3 results in a tropism-independent reduction in infection. CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs can furthermore edit multiple genes simultaneously, enabling studies of interactions among multiple host and viral factors. Finally, in an arrayed screen of 45 genes associated with HIV integrase, we identified several candidate dependency/restriction factors, demonstrating the power of this approach as a discovery platform. This technology should accelerate target validation for pharmaceutical and cell-based therapies to cure HIV infection.