gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A-CCNN: adaptive ccnn for density estimation and crowd counting (2018)

Crowd counting, for estimating the number of people in a crowd using vision-based computer techniques, has attracted much interest in the research community. Although many attempts have been reported, real-world problems, such as huge variation in subjects' sizes in images and serious occlusion among people, make it still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Counting Convolutional Neural Network (A-CCNN) and consider the scale variation of objects in a frame adaptively so as to improve the accuracy of counting. Our method takes advantages of contextual information to provide more accurate and adaptive density maps and crowd counting in a scene. Extensively experimental evaluation is conducted using different benchmark datasets for object-counting and shows that the proposed approach is effective and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
Chemical synthesis in protein engineering: total synthesis, purification and covalent structural characterization of a mitogenic protein, human transforming growth factor-alpha (1989)

Successful approaches to protein engineering required that the desired analogs be easily and rapidly obtained in sufficient quantities and purities for unambiguous structural and functional characterizations. Chemical synthesis is the method of choice for engineering small peptides. We now demonstrate that with improved methodologies and instrumentation, total chemical synthesis can be used to produce a small protein in a form suitable for engineering studies. Active human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), a 50 amino acid long protein with three disulfide bonds, has been synthesized and purified in multiple tens of mg amounts in less than 7 days. The purified human TGF-alpha migrated as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, ran as a single sharp major band at pI = 6.2 on isoelectric focusing gels, displayed an MW = 5546.2 (Th.5546.3) by mass spectrometry, contained three disulfide bonds and had EGF receptor binding, mitogenic and soft agar colony formation activities. The locations of disulfide bonds were found to be analogous to those found in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and in human TGF-alpha expressed in bacteria.
WiMAX technology support for applications in environmental monitoring, fire prevention and telemedicine (2007)

IEEE 802.16/WiMAX is one of the most promising technologies for broadband wireless access, both for fixed and mobile use. Many application scenarios have been studied so far, including wireless local loop, wireless DSL and as an alternative to 3G in developing countries. This paper presents a WiMAX based end-to-end architecture and novel applications running on top of mobile WiMAX, to extend the European research network Geant 2. The scenarios include monitoring of impervious areas, fire prevention, tele-medicine and tele-hospitalization, all to be developed in the framework of the European collaboration project named WEIRD
Spontaneous Transfer of Phospholipid-Coated Oil-in-Oil and Water-in-Oil Micro-Droplets through an Oil/Water Interface (2006)

We studied the evolution of oil-in-oil (O/O) and water-in-oil (W/O) phospholipid-coated micro-droplets at an oil/water interface. We found that, in both cases, micro-droplets spontaneously transferred from the oil phase to the water phase. O/O micro-droplets transformed into oil-in-water micro-droplets, while W/O micro-droplets led to the formation of liposomes.
Thyrocyte Proliferation by Cellular Adhesion to Infiltrating Lymphocytes through the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 Pathway in Graves’ Disease1 (2000)

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes into the thyroid, and intrathyroid lymphocytes are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of GD. However, it remains to be understood how lymphocytes adhere to thyrocytes and regulate the thyrocyte function through cellular adhesion. We studied the mechanisms of T cell adhesion to thyrocytes using intrathyroid mononuclear cells (ITMC) and thyrocytes purified from the thyroids of patients with GD. The following novel features of cellular adhesion of ITMC to thyrocytes in the regulation of the thyrocyte function in GD were observed: 1) GD-ITMC expressed lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1, which became an active adhesive configuration much higher than peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal volunteers and GD patients; 2) GD-thyrocytes expressed a high quantity of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1; 3) GD-ITMC adhered to GD-thyrocytes, whereas normal PBMC required activation stimuli by phorbol myriacetate, a pharmacological integrin-trigger, to adhere to GD- thyrocytes; 4) monoclonal antibody-blocking studies showed that the adhesion of the activated PBMC and ITMC to thyrocytes was mainly mediated by the LFA-1/ICAM-1 pathway; 5) the adhesion of GD-thyrocytes to the activated-PBMC or ITMC induced the proliferation of the thyrocytes, which was blocked by the addition of ICAM-1 and/or LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies; and 6) in GD thyrocytes of early cultures, ICAM-1 expression on GD-thyrocytes and its adhesion to LFA-1 on phorbol myriacetate-activated PBMC or ITMC were not modulated by the addition of interleukin-1beta or interferon-gamma, and proliferation of thyrocytes by the cellular adhesion via the ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway was independent of the proliferative response of these cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that lymphocytes infiltrating GD thyroid induce proliferation of GD-thyrocyte by the cellular adhesion to thyrocytes via ICAM-1/LFA-1, which may lead to the development of a goiter.
Ring Opening of Aziridines with Silylated Nucleophiles under Neutral Conditions (2005)

Abstract Ring‐opening of aziridines with silylated nucleophiles in DMF without any catalysts afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields under extremely mild reaction conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A novel role for the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP14/ARTD8 in promoting homologous recombination and protecting against replication stress (2015)

Genomic instability, a major hallmark of cancer cells, is caused by incorrect or ineffective DNA repair. Many DNA repair mechanisms cooperate in cells to fight DNA damage, and are generally regulated by post-translational modification of key factors. Poly-ADP-ribosylation, catalyzed by PARP1, is a post-translational modification playing a prominent role in DNA repair, but much less is known about mono-ADP-ribosylation. Here we report that mono-ADP-ribosylation plays an important role in homologous recombination DNA repair, a mechanism essential for replication fork stability and double strand break repair. We show that the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP14 interacts with the DNA replication machinery component PCNA and promotes replication of DNA lesions and common fragile sites. PARP14 depletion results in reduced homologous recombination, persistent RAD51 foci, hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents and accumulation of DNA strand breaks. Our work uncovered PARP14 as a novel factor required for mitigating replication stress and promoting genomic stability.
Amino acid domains control the circulatory residence time of primate acetylcholinesterases in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) (2004)

An array of 13 biochemically well defined molecular forms of bovine, human and newly cloned rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) AChEs (acetylcholinesterases) differing in glycosylation and subunit assembly status were subjected to comparative pharmacokinetic studies in mice and rhesus macaques. The circulatory lifetimes of recombinant bovine, macaque and human AChEs in mice were governed by previously determined hierarchical rules; the longest circulatory residence time was obtained when AChE was fully sialylated and tetramerized [Kronman, Chitlaru, Elhanany, Velan and Shafferman (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 29488-29502; Chitlaru, Kronman, Velan and Shafferman (2001) Biochem. J. 354, 613-625]. In rhesus macaques, bovine molecular forms still obeyed the same hierarchical rules, whereas primate AChEs showed significant deviation from this behaviour. Residence times of human and rhesus AChEs were effectively extended by extensive sialylation, but subunit tetramerization and N-glycan addition had a marginal effect on their circulatory longevity in macaques. It appears that the major factor responsible for the differential pharmacokinetics of bovine and primate AChEs in macaques is related to differences in primary structure, suggesting the existence of a specific mechanism for the circulatory clearance of primate AChEs in rhesus macaques. The 35 amino acids that differ between bovine and primate AChEs are clustered within three defined domains, all located at the enzyme surface, and may therefore mediate the facilitated removal of primate cholinesterases specifically from the circulation of monkeys. These surface domains can be effectively masked by poly(ethylene glycol) appendage, resulting in the generation of chemically modified human and macaque AChEs that reside in the circulation for extraordinarily long periods of time (mean residence time of 10000 min). This extended residence time is similar to that displayed by native macaque butyrylcholinesterase (9950 min), which is the prevalent cholinesterase form in the circulation of adult macaques.
Tailoring the emission spectrum of colloidal nanocrystals by means of lithographically-imprinted hybrid vertical microcavities (2005)

Colloidally synthesized CdSe/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) show highly efficient, narrow-width and size-tunable luminescence. Moreover, they can be incorporated in polymer matrices and deposited on solid substrates by means of spin-coating techniques. When embedded between two mirrors a NCs/polymer blends microcavity is realised, thus allowing to tailor the photoluminescence spectrum of these emitters. By virtue of the quantized photonic and electronic density of states, colloidal quantum dots embedded in a single mode vertical microcavity are good candidates for the fabrication of high-efficiency emitting devices with high spectral purity and directionality. In this paper, we have applied a new organic-inorganic hybrid technology for the fabrication by imprint lithography (IL) of vertical microcavities that embed colloidal quantum dots. Two dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) are evaporated on two different substrates. The active organic layer (NCs/polymer blend) is spin coated on the first DBR, whereas a lithographic pattern is realized on the second DBR, used as the IL mold. The two parts are then assembled together in an IL process in order to create a vertical microcavity. The fine control of the thickness of the active material waveguide layer can be achieved through the mold patterning depth and the IL process parameters. All the fabrication steps have been engineered in order to decrease the thermal stress of the active layer. The effectiveness of this technology is demonstrated by the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra, recorded on the fabricated microcavity, which show a sharp emission peak with a line width of 4.15 nm.
A Platform to Support Context-Aware Mobile Applications (2013)

Today smartphones and tablet PCs are gaining more popularity due to cutting edge technology added on top of wearability, thus creating the scene for context-aware applications that are capable to sense and actively use context to provide the user with valuable information whenever and wherever is needed, even while on the move. In this paper we describe CAPIM, a platform designed to support the construction of such context-aware mobile applications. The platform provides capabilities for sensing and collecting data from sensors and external sources. It includes a layer where the raw context data is aggregated and derived into higher-level information. A dedicated rule execution engine is offered to support context-aware workflows. CAPIM integrates context-aware services that are dynamically configurable and use the user's location, identity, preferences, profile, and relations with individuals, as well as capabilities of the mobile devices to aggregate and semantically organize the context data. They react based on dynamically defined context-oriented workflows. We present the platform's architecture, implementation details, and present case study scenarios which show its potential to handle a variety of context-aware situations. CAPIM is fully functional and can be used in a variety of context-aware situations.
Three-mode multi/demultiplexing experiment using PLC mode multiplexer and its application to 2+1 mode bi-directional optical communication (2013)

We demonstrate an optical three-mode multi/demultiplexing experiment without MIMO signal processing using two PLC mode multiplexers and a 10m rectangular core fiber. 3×10Gbps NRZ signals were transmitted in the fiber with a 1dB OSNR penalty.
Lift-Off Free Fabrication Approach for Periodic Structures with Tunable Nano Gaps for Interdigitated Electrode Arrays (2015)

We report a simple, low-cost and lift-off free fabrication approach for periodic structures with adjustable nanometer gaps for interdigitated electrode arrays (IDAs). It combines an initial structure and two deposition process steps; first a dielectric layer is deposited, followed by a metal evaporation. The initial structure can be realized by lithography or any other structuring technique (e.g., nano imprint, hot embossing or injection molding). This method allows the fabrication of nanometer sized gaps and completely eliminates the need for a lift-off process. Different substrate materials like silicon, Pyrex or polymers can be used. The electrode gap is controlled primarily by sputter deposition of the initial structure, and thus, adjustable gaps in the nanometer range can be realized independently of the mask or stamp pattern. Electrochemical characterizations using redox cycling in ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH) demonstrate signal amplification factors of more than 110 together with collection factors higher than 99%. Furthermore, the correlation between the gap width and the amplification factor was studied to obtain an electrochemical performance assessment of the nano gap electrodes. The results demonstrate an exponential relationship between amplification factor and gap width.
Toward Primary Prevention of Asthma. Reviewing the Evidence for Early-Life Respiratory Viral Infections as Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Childhood Asthma (2014)

A first step in primary disease prevention is identifying common, modifiable risk factors that contribute to a significant proportion of disease development. Infant respiratory viral infection and childhood asthma are the most common acute and chronic diseases of childhood, respectively. Common clinical features and links between these diseases have long been recognized, with early-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV) lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) being strongly associated with increased asthma risk. However, there has long been debate over the role of these respiratory viruses in asthma inception. In this article, we systematically review the evidence linking early-life RSV and RV LRTIs with asthma inception and whether they could therefore be targets for primary prevention efforts.
Cardiovascular Complications of Liver Disease (2023)

The Cardiovascular Complications of Cirrhosis-A History. Animal Models of Liver Disease. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Liver Disease. Autonomic Nervous Function in Liver Disease. The Heart in Liver Disease. The Pulmonary Circulation in Liver Disease. Renal Circulation and Pathogenesis of Functional Renal Failure in Cirrhosis. Hepatic Circulation in Cirrhosis. Splanchnic Hemodynamics in Acute and Chronic Portal Hypertension. Vascular Reactivity in Liver Disease. Oxygen Transport and Consumption in Cirrhosis. The Cerebral Circulation in Liver Failure. Deranged Volume Homeostasis in Liver Disease. Effects of Jaundice on Body Fluid Volume. ANF and Its Role in Sodium Retention in Cirrhosis. Alcohol-Induced Increase in Portal Blood Flow-Mechanism, Interaction with Anesthetics, and Clinical Implications. Effects of Vasoactive Drugs on the Systemic and Splanchnic Circulation. Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. Vasopressin and Somatostatin-Hemodynamic Effects, Efficacy and Complications in the Treatment of Acute Variceal Bleeding. Conclusions. Index.
Motion to support rapid interactive queries on node--link diagrams (2004)

Many different problems can be represented as graphs displayed in the form of node--link diagrams. However, when a graph is large it becomes visually uninterpretable because of the tangle of links. We describe a set of techniques that use motion in an interactive interface to provide effective access to larger graphs. Touching a node with the mouse cursor causes that node and the subgraph of closely connected nodes to oscillate. We argue from perceptual principles that this should be a more effective way of interactively highlighting a subgraph than more conventional static methods. The MEGraph system was developed to gain experience with different forms of motion highlighting. Based on positive feedback, three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of motion highlighting for specific tasks. All three showed motion to be more effective than static highlighting, both in increasing the speed of response for a variety of visual queries, and in reducing errors. We argue that motion highlighting can be a valuable technique in applications that require users to understand large graphs.
The rate of hydrolytic deamination of 5-methylcytosine in double-stranded DNA (1994)

The modified base, 5-methylcytosine, constitutes approximately 1% of human DNA, but sites containing 5-methylcytosine account for at least 30% of all germline and somatic point mutations. A genetic assay with a sensitivity of 1 in 10(7), based on reversion to neomycin resistance of a mutant pSV2-neo plasmid, was utilized to determine and compare the deamination rates of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine in double-stranded DNA for the first time. The rate constants for spontaneous hydrolytic deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine in double-stranded DNA at 37 degrees C were 5.8 x 10(-13) s-1 and 2.6 x 10(-13) s-1, respectively. These rates are more than sufficient to explain the observed frequency of mutation at sites containing 5-methylcytosine and emphasize the importance of hydrolytic deamination as a major source of human mutations.
Diagnosing Concept Drift with Visual Analytics (2020)

Concept drift is a phenomenon in which the distribution of a data stream changes over time in unforeseen ways, causing prediction models built on historical data to become inaccurate. While a variety of automated methods have been developed to identify when concept drift occurs, there is limited support for analysts who need to understand and correct their models when drift is detected. In this paper, we present a visual analytics method, DriftVis, to support model builders and analysts in the identification and correction of concept drift in streaming data. DriftVis combines a distribution-based drift detection method with a streaming scatterplot to support the analysis of drift caused by the distribution changes of data streams and to explore the impact of these changes on the model's accuracy. A quantitative experiment and two case studies on weather prediction and text classification have been conducted to demonstrate our proposed tool and illustrate how visual analytics can be used to support the detection, examination, and correction of concept drift.
A Model for β‐Galactosidase Production with a Recombinant Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> in Fed‐Batch Culture (1992)

An unstructured model is developed to describe the growth and product formation behavior of a recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using beta-galactosidase as a model protein. The model shows good agreement with the experimental data over a range of conditions. It also accurately predicts the effect of growth rate on yield coefficient and gene expression. The simplicity and accuracy of the model make it suitable for designing and implementing control and optimization strategies for the production of recombinant proteins at large scale.
The 2017 WHO update on mature T‐ and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms (2018)

Over the last decade, there has been a significant body of information regarding the biology of the lymphoid neoplasms. This clearly supports the need for updating the 2008 WHO (World Health Organization) classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumours. The 2017 WHO classification is not a new edition but an update and revision of the 4th edition. New provisional entities but not new definitive entities are included, and novel molecular data in most of the entities and changes in the nomenclature in few of them have been incorporated. In the context of the mature T- and NK-cell neoplasms, the most relevant updates concern to: 1-dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway due to gene mutations which are common to various aggressive and indolent neoplasms; 2-incorporation of new molecular players that are relevant to the pathogenesis of these neoplasms and/or have prognostic implications; 3-inclusion of new provisional entities within the subgroups of anaplastic, primarily intestinal and cutaneous lymphomas such as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and primary cutaneous acral CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell lymphoma; 4-identification of poor prognostic subtypes of peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS) characterized by overexpression of certain genes and of a subgroup PTCL, NOS with a T follicular phenotype that now is included together with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma under the umbrella of lymphomas with a T follicular helper phenotype; and 5-refinement on the designation and definition of already established entities. A review of the major changes will be outlined.
Post-Injury Treatment with 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone, a TrkB Receptor Agonist, Protects against Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury via PI3K/Akt Signaling (2014)

Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling is critical for promoting neuronal survival following brain damage. The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of TrkB activation by the TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mice subjected to controlled cortical impact received intraperitoneal 7,8-DHF or vehicle injection 10 min post-injury and subsequently daily for 3 days. Behavioral studies, histology analysis and brain water content assessment were performed. Levels of TrkB signaling-related molecules and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed. The protective effect of 7,8-DHF was also investigated in primary neurons subjected to stretch injury. Treatment with 20 mg/kg 7,8-DHF attenuated functional deficits and brain damage up to post-injury day 28. 7,8-DHF also reduced brain edema, neuronal death, and apoptosis at day 4. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and increase in Bcl-2/Bax ratio. 7,8-DHF enhanced phosphorylation of TrkB, Akt (Ser473/Thr308), and Bad at day 4, but had no effect on Erk 1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, 7,8-DHF increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and promoted cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation. This beneficial effect was attenuated by inhibition of TrkB or PI3K/Akt. 7,8-DHF also promoted survival and reduced apoptosis in cortical neurons subjected to stretch injury. Remarkably, delayed administration of 7,8-DHF at 3 h post-injury reduced brain tissue damage. Our study demonstrates that activation of TrkB signaling by 7,8-DHF protects against TBI via the PI3K/Akt but not Erk pathway, and this protective effect may be amplified via the PI3K/Akt-CREB cascades.