gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implicit reconstruction of solids from cloud point sets (1995)

3,50 exist for manipulating polygonal meshes in real-time. Early researchers on surface fitting include Schmitt et al. [20], who developed a scheme for the reconstruction of 3D data from real objects based on an adaptive subdivision method. Recently, Hoppe et al. [10] proposed to use piecewise smooth surface representations based on subdivision to reconstruct models from scattered range data. Gordon and DeLoid [7] proposed an interactive viewing of high quality 3D reconstructed anatomical objects using polygonal represent at ion, where the reconstructed objects are used to provide therapy planning approaches and in the educational setting. Doi and Koeda [5] used a polyhedral approximation to represent a reconstructed model from multi-directional images, while Hsieh et al. [11] proposed to reconstruct sculptured surfaces with coordinate measmring machines. L'sing B-spline approximation surface, Hsieh et al. documented a maximum error of 2. 14mm using 520 points for a human femur.
Smart Molecules: Organization and Morphology of the Self-Assembled Collagen Fibrils Formed From a Solution of Densly Packed Collagen Monomers (2008)

Load-bearing tissues owe their mechanical properties to the presence of highly-organized arrays of collagen fibrils. Aligned lamellae in cornea and aligned fascicles in tendon are the best examples of collagen fibrillar organization at the macroscopic level. The process by which collagen is organized in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is still unclear. But it is generally thought to be facilitated locally via “fibripositors” or cell surface “crypts”. According to this theory, fibroblasts create bounded “compartments” in the ECM through which they deposit organized groups of fibrils (in the form of lamellae in the cornea and in the form of fascicles in the tendon) [1, 2]. An alternative hypothesis proposed by Marie Giraud-Guille suggests that fibroblasts concentrate collagen monomers to form cholesteric liquid crystalline patterns that resemble those found in collagenous matrices in vivo [3–8]. Such organization has been demonstrated in vitro using extracted collagen monomers. However, the data presented in these studies focuses principally on the alignment of the collagen molecules and not on the organization and resulting morphology of condensed collagen fibrils. Considering that matrix mechanical properties in vivo are the result of the fibrillar alignment and not the alignment of individual molecules, further investigation of cholesterically organized condensed fibrils and their morphology is necessary.
MirageTable (2012)

Instrumented with a single depth camera, a stereoscopic projector, and a curved screen, MirageTable is an interactive system designed to merge real and virtual worlds into a single spatially registered experience on top of a table. Our depth camera tracks the user's eyes and performs a real-time capture of both the shape and the appearance of any object placed in front of the camera (including user's body and hands). This real-time capture enables perspective stereoscopic 3D visualizations to a single user that account for deformations caused by physical objects on the table. In addition, the user can interact with virtual objects through physically-realistic freehand actions without any gloves, trackers, or instruments. We illustrate these unique capabilities through three application examples: virtual 3D model creation, interactive gaming with real and virtual objects, and a 3D teleconferencing experience that not only presents a 3D view of a remote person, but also a seamless 3D shared task space. We also evaluated the user's perception of projected 3D objects in our system, which confirmed that the users can correctly perceive such objects even when they are projected over different background colors and geometries (e.g., gaps, drops).
Self-injection locked phase-locked loop OEO (2013)

A novel optoelectronic oscillator (OED) circuit using self-injection locked phase-locked loop (SILPLL) technique is reported for high frequency stable ultra-low phase noise signal source applications.
Advances in protein-based three-dimensional optical memories (1995)

An oriented bacteriorhodopsin cube is optimized as a potential three-dimensional optical memory medium. Write/read capability is demonstrated by using the photovoltaic signal induced by two-photon absorption. Our results demonstrate that a two-photon induced photovoltage can he detected in a three-dimensional Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) cube as large as 1.6 x 1.6 x 1.6 cm3. The read/write speed, signal to noise ratio, and the laser damage threshold for the protein-based three-dimensional optical memory is examined.
METAL INTERCONNECT DEVELOPMENT FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (2004)

Intermediate temperature (750 – 800°C) operation of solid oxide fuel cells allows the use of metallic interconnects. Ferritic stainless steels have attracted considerable attention because of their close thermal expansion match with that of zirconia electrolyte. Continued growth of resistive oxide and evaporation-condensation of chromium that could poison the cathode are the primary challenges in metal interconnect development. These challenges must be addressed in order to achieve the desired long term stability of fuel cells. In the present work, ferritic stainless steel was evaluated for high temperature oxidation properties. Controlled pre-oxidation was found to provide an adherent and conductive oxide scale. Low interfacial resistance of 10 – 20 milliohm-cm 2 was measured in air at 850°C.
Clinical evaluation of a novel ultrasound-based bladder volume monitor (2005)

For examinations in male patients, the performance of the bladder volume monitor was adequate. However, for examinations in female patients, a minor redesign of the transducer unit is necessary to insure proper operation.
A new approach for in-situ scan impedance characterization of scanned antenna arrays (2013)

Scanned phased array antennas require active scan impedance determination and mitigation. This paper addresses the former by introducing a novel in-situ measurement architecture and associated mathematics for efficiently determining the real-time active scan impedance of arbitrary sized scanned arrays in the field. The in-situ nature of the proposed architecture reduces the need for large numerical simulation and/or estimation of scan impedance variations due to possible diverse antenna array placement in the field. Direct experimental characterization also enables direct validation of numerical simulation. The mathematics developed are for an M by N antenna array utilizing direct in-situ mutual coupling characterization. The mathematical model was implemented in MATLAB and verified through simulation using CST Microwave Studio (MWS) for a 2×2 monopole planar antenna array. The model's robustness is tested by varying the inter-element spacing.
Functional monovalency amplifies the pathogenicity of anti-MuSK IgG4 in myasthenia gravis (2021)

Human immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 usually displays antiinflammatory activity, and observations of IgG4 autoantibodies causing severe autoimmune disorders are therefore poorly understood. In blood, IgG4 naturally engages in a stochastic process termed "Fab-arm exchange" in which unrelated IgG4s exchange half-molecules continuously. The resulting IgG4 antibodies are composed of two different binding sites, thereby acquiring monovalent binding and inability to cross-link for each antigen recognized. Here, we demonstrate that this process amplifies autoantibody pathogenicity in a classic IgG4-mediated autoimmune disease: muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) myasthenia gravis. In mice, monovalent anti-MuSK IgG4s caused rapid and severe myasthenic muscle weakness, whereas the same antibodies in their parental bivalent form were less potent or did not induce a phenotype. Mechanistically this could be explained by opposing effects on MuSK signaling. Isotype switching to IgG4 in an autoimmune response thereby may be a critical step in the development of disease. Our study establishes functional monovalency as a pathogenic mechanism in IgG4-mediated autoimmune disease and potentially other disorders.
Ion-implanted GaN junction field effect transistor (1996)

Selective area ion implantation doping has been used to fabricate GaN junction field effect transistors (JFETs). p-type and n-type doping was achieved with Ca and Si implantation, respectively, followed by a 1150 °C rapid thermal anneal. A refractory W gate contact was employed that allows the p-gate region to be self-aligned to the gate contact. A gate turn-on voltage of 1.84 V at 1 mA/mm of gate current was achieved. For a ∼1.7 μm×50 μm JFET with a −6 V threshold voltage, a maximum transconductance of 7 mS/mm at VGS=− 2V and saturation current of 33 mA/mm at VGS=0 V were measured. These results were limited by excess access resistance and can be expected to be improved with optimized n+ implants in the source and drain regions.
Monocular localization in urban environments using road markings (2017)

Localization is an essential problem in autonomous navigation of self-driving cars. We present a monocular vision based approach for localization in urban environments using road markings. We utilize road markings as landmarks instead of traditional visual features (e.g. SIFT) to tackle the localization problem because road markings are more robust against changes in perspective, illumination, and across time. Specifically, we employ Chamfer matching to register edges of road markings against a lightweight 3D map where road markings are represented as a set of sparse points. By only matching geometry of road markings, our localization algorithm further gains robustness against photometric appearance changes in the environment. We take vehicle odometry and epipolar geometry constraints into account and formulate a non-linear optimization problem to estimate the 6 DoF camera pose. We evaluate the proposed method on data collected in the real world. Experimental results show that our method achieves sub-meter localization errors in areas with sufficient road markings.
Electrically pumped photonic crystal nanocavity light sources using a laterally doped p-i-n junction (2010)

A technique to electrically pump photonic crystal nanocavities using a lateral p-i-n junction is described. Ion implantation doping is used to form the junction, which under forward bias pumps a gallium arsenide photonic crystal nanocavity with indium arsenide quantum dots. Efficient cavity-coupled electroluminescence is demonstrated and the electrical characteristics of the diode are presented. The fabrication improvements necessary for making an electrically pumped nanocavity laser using a lateral junction are discussed.
Characteristics of Flexible-Film Disks (2005)

To achieve high-density recording with a high numerical aperture (NA) pickup, we produced a flexible optical disk system that has a small axial runout, enabling the pickup to follow the focal servo more easily. Young's modulus, the film thickness, and the position of the radius determine the rigidity of a film. Therefore, we defined the length to which a stabilizer pushing on a disk deformed the disk as the repellent force of the film and investigated the relationship between this repellent force and the axial runout of the disk. Consequently, by developing films with a specific repellent force, the axial runout of a variety of disks was reduced to less than 10 µm and high-density recording was achieved at a linear velocity of 13 m/s.
From melatonin to systemic Gi signalling defect: a hopeful odyssey for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (2010)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex spinal deformity of unknown aetiology and extreme variability, occurring at least in genetically predisposed children. We previously demonstrated a differential dysfunction of melatonin signaling through Gi proteins in osteoblasts from AIS patients, leading to stratification of patients into three functional subgroups. Herein we extended our study to other cell types and various Gi-coupled receptors.
Polymer–Drug Nanoconjugates (2013)

Abstract It is expected that the field of polymeric nanomedicine will dramatically change the landscape of oncology in several important ways. Two strategies for loading drugs into nanoparticles have been used: to encapsulate drugs within nanoparticles via noncovalent bonds and to formulate nanoparticles using polymer‐drug conjugates. This chapter will examine the pros and cons of each strategy and will introduce new polymer–drug conjugates—called nanoconjugates—to address the challenges faced by both strategies. Also discussed in this chapter are topics related to regioselective polymer–drug conjugation chemistry, in vitro formulation and characterization, and preliminary in vivo studies that highlight the potential clinical translation of nanoconjugates.
Novel<i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(Substituted-phenylcarbamoyl)adenosine-5‘-uronamides as Potent Agonists for A<sub>3</sub>Adenosine Receptors (1996)

A series of adenosine-5'-uronamide derivatives bearing N6-phenylurea groups have been synthesized and tested for their affinity at A1 and A2A adenosine receptors in rat brain membranes and at cloned rat A3 receptors from stably transfected CHO cells. Some N6-arylcarbamoyl derivatives, N6-((2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-, N6-((3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-, and N6-((4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)adenosine-5'-ethyluronamide (4l-n), were found to have affinity at A3 receptors in the low nanomolar range (Ki values < 10 nM). In CHO cells stably transfected with the rat A3 receptor, compound 4n was found to be a full agonist in inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity. The present study represents the first example of N6-acyl-substituted adenosine analogs having high affinity at adenosine receptors and, in particular, at the A3 receptor subtype.
Earthquake Damage Resistant Architectural Glass Panels (2003)

The Building Envelope Research Laboratory (BERL) in the Architectural Engineering Department at the Pennsylvania State University has devised and developed the concept of using architectural glass panels with modified corner geometries to improve their resistance to damage during earthquakes. The primary aspects of the invention are the removal of material at glass panel corners (e.g., by rounding the glass corners) and subsequent finishing of the glass edges in the modified corner regions to minimize protrusions and edge surface roughness. The invention is low in incremental cost and is applicable to a wide variety of architectural glass types and wall system types. Appropriately constructed "rounded corner" glass panels were found to increase significantly the serviceability (i.e., the dynamic racking displacement magnitude that can be accommodated before glass cracking occurs) and, to a lesser extent, the glass fallout resistance of architectural glass panels used in building wall systems. The effects of corner radii and glass edge finish conditions on the glass cracking and glass fallout resistances of rounded corner glass panels subjected to dynamic racking displacements are summarized.
First Application of Newly Developed FT‐NIR Spectroscopic Methodology to Predict Authenticity of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Retail Products in the USA (2017)

Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) has been a worldwide problem and a concern for government regulators for a long time. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is mandated to protect the US public against intentional adulteration of foods and has jurisdiction over deceptive label declarations. To detect EMA of olive oil and address food safety vulnerabilities, we used a previously developed rapid screening methodology to authenticate EVOO. For the first time, a recently developed FT-NIR spectroscopic methodology in conjunction with partial least squares analysis was applied to commercial products labeled EVOO purchased in College Park, MD, USA to rapidly predict whether they are authentic, potentially mixed with refined olive oil (RO) or other vegetable oil(s), or are of lower quality. Of the 88 commercial products labeled EVOO that were assessed according to published specified ranges, 33 (37.5%) satisfied the three published FT-NIR requirements identified for authentic EVOO products which included the purity test. This test was based on limits established for the contents of three potential adulterants, oils high in linoleic acid (OH-LNA), oils high in oleic acid (OH-OLA), palm olein (PO), and/or RO. The remaining 55 samples (62.5%) did not meet one or more of the criteria established for authentic EVOO. The breakdown of the 55 products was EVOO potentially mixed with OH-LNA (25.5%), OH-OLA (10.9%), PO (5.4%), RO (25.5%), or a combination of any of these four (32.7%). If assessments had been based strictly on whether the fatty acid composition was within the established ranges set by the International Olive Council (IOC), less than 10% would have been identified as non-EVOO. These findings are significant not only because they were consistent with previously published data based on the results of two sensory panels that were accredited by IOC but more importantly each measurement/analysis was accomplished in less than 5 min.
Second generation antihistamines after breast cancer diagnosis to improve prognosis both in patients with ER+ and ER- breast cancer. (2015)

3062 Background: Subgroups of patients with breast cancer (BC) could be candidates for immunological interventions. In the present investigation the role of antihistamines on prognosis of breast cancer has been studied, especially comparing first and second generation H-1 receptor antagonists due to their possible different effects on cytokines. Methods: The study includes all women with BC diagnosed in Sweden 2000 through 2008 (n = 54406). Dates of birth, BC diagnosis and TNM-stage were directly extracted from the cancer registry. Therapy with antihistamines was gathered from the Swedish Prescription Registry. Other registries utilised were the Cause of Death Registry, Population Registry, and the in patient or out patient registries. BC and overall survival was compared between users of antihistamines and non users. Analyses were adjusted for TNM-stage, receptor status and age at diagnosis. A late entry model was used for different types of antihistamines. Results: The HR for BC specific survival for the combined group of antihistamine users (n = 9777) was 0.70 (0.66-0.75). All the effect was seen for use after BC diagnosis. Results remained after adjusting for out or in patient diagnoses of allergy. In late entry models women using desloratadine (n = 1895) had a HR of 0.69 (0.52-0.91). Loratadine users (n = 2132) HR of 0.74 (0.60-0.93). Cetirizine users (n = 3001) HR of 1.13 (0.96-1.33) and Klemastine users (n = 2278) had a HR of 0.98 (0.80-1.19). Ebastin users (n = 326) had a HR of 0.50 (0.22-1.12) and Fenofexadine users (n = 145) had a HR of 0.73 (0.30–1.76). The analyses was also stratified for ER-status, but the results did not differ noticeably. Results were similar when overall survival was analysed. Conclusions: This population based registry study shows that women treated with second generation antihistamines have a better overall and BC specific survival compared with non users regardless of age, history of allergy, ER status and tumor stage. The results are strongest for desloratadine use and use after BC diagnosis. Second generation antihistamines could offer a nontoxic therapy for both receptor positive and negative BC. The mechanism behind this effect is presently unknown.
Signal, Noise, and Contrast in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Imaging (1983)

Calculations of the sensitivity of the saturation recovery and inversion recovery pulse sequences used in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging show the former to be superior in discriminating between tissues with the same proton density but different T1's. Two other pulse sequences, which are combinations of the above, have also been analyzed. These have lower T1 discrimination sensitivity, but other considerations, such as self-normalization, may still make them attractive. The calculations are only valid for selective excitation pulse sequences in which the selected slice profiles are approximately rectangular, and thus a sin(bt)/t radiofrequency excitation is desirable. In order to ensure that the saturation recovery sequence gives valid results for pulse repetition times comparable to or shorter than T2, it is necessary to destroy the coherence between pulse applications. For this purpose we use a series of "spoiler" gradient pulses between pulse trains. The saturation recovery pulse sequence also has the advantage that, by the correct choice of interpulse spacing, sensitivity close to the optimum T1 discrimination can be achieved over a wide range of T1 values. This has the potential advantage to the clinician of simplifying his choice of parameters for imaging.
An acoustic charge transport imager for high definition television applications (1992)

The primary goal of this research is to develop a solid-state high definition television (HDTV) imager chip operating at a frame rate of about 170 frames/sec at 2 Megapixels per frame. This imager offers an order of magnitude improvement in speed over CCD designs and will allow for monolithic imagers operating from the IR to the UV. The technical approach of the project focuses on the development of the three basic components of the imager and their integration. The imager chip can be divided into three distinct components: (1) image capture via an array of avalanche photodiodes (APD's), (2) charge collection, storage and overflow control via a charge transfer transistor device (CTD), and (3) charge readout via an array of acoustic charge transport (ACT) channels. The use of APD's allows for front end gain at low noise and low operating voltages while the ACT readout enables concomitant high speed and high charge transfer efficiency. Currently work is progressing towards the development of manufacturable designs for each of these component devices. In addition to the development of each of the three distinct components, work towards their integration is also progressing. The component designs are considered not only to meet individual specifications but to provide overall system level performance suitable for HDTV operation upon integration. The ultimate manufacturability and reliability of the chip constrains the design as well. The progress made during this period is described in detail in Sections 2-4.
A new very high resolution interference rejection method with potential for radio astronomy applications (2003)

A scheme for interference rejection at an array is presented, in which the interference, represented as vectors, is removed by an operation in which none of the physical array characteristics such as beam width and resolution come into play. As a result, observation of signals of interest from weak sources, intact, unaffected by the presence of interfering signals from stronger sources arbitrarily close in angle to the weaker sources, is possible. The essential limit on this capability is determined solely by receiver noise. Rejection of up to M‐1 interfering sources with an array of M elements is accomplished by a single operation. The method seems especially well suited for radio‐astronomy applications.
Subthreshold Dual Mode Logic (2012)

In this brief, we introduce a novel low-power dual mode logic (DML) family, designed to operate in the subthreshold region. The proposed logic family can be switched between static and dynamic modes of operation according to system requirements. In static mode, the DML gates feature very low-power dissipation with moderate performance, while in dynamic mode they achieve higher performance, albeit with increased power dissipation. This is achieved with a simple and intuitive design concept. SPICE and Monte Carlo simulations compare performance, power dissipation, and robustness of the proposed DML gates to their CMOS and domino counterparts in the 80-nm process. Measurements of an 80-nm test chip are presented in order to prove the proposed concept.