gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel neutron detector for measuring the output of pulsed sources (1986)

Abstract A beryllium based detector has been developed which can be used to measure the output of pulsed neutron sources in the D, D and D, T fusion energy regions. The principle of this detector, and its construction, are discussed. The use of the detector in measuring the output from Kaman pulsed neutron sources and from the SPR III reactor at the Sandia National Lab. is discussed. The method used to calibrate the detector is described and theoretical calculations are presented of the variation of its efficiency with energy. The calculations were made using the MCNP and Tiger codes. Some incidental nuclear data measured during the testing of this detector are presented.
Production of Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate from Natural Brine (2019)

For the first time it is proposed to produce lithium hydroxide monohydrate as a primary derivative product from hydromineral raw materials. This technology is based on the primary lithium concentrate obtained by enriching the lithium-bearing brines and concentrating by the combined method. The produced concentrate is a pregnant lithium chloride solution which is subjected to the electrochemical conversion: LiCl ⋅ LiOH. The lithium hydroxide monohydrate crystals are extracted from the lithium hydroxide solution and, after washing, they correspond to the LGO-1 brand.
Receptor-mediated uptake of an extracellular Bcl-x<sub>L</sub>fusion protein inhibits apoptosis (1999)

Bcl-x(L), a member of the Bcl-2 family, inhibits many pathways of apoptosis when overexpressed in the cell cytosol. We examined the capacity of Bcl-x(L) fusion proteins to bind cells from the outside and block apoptosis. Full-length Bcl-x(L) protein at micromolar concentrations did not affect apoptosis when added to cell media. To increase uptake by cells, Bcl-x(L) was fused to the receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin (DTR). The Bcl-x(L)-DTR fusion protein blocked apoptosis induced by staurosporine, gamma-irradiation, and poliovirus in a variety of cell types when added to media. The potency of inhibition of poliovirus-induced apoptosis by Bcl-x(L)-DTR was greater than that of strong caspase inhibitors. Brefeldin A, an inhibitor of vesicular traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, prevented the Bcl-x(L)-DTR blockade of apoptosis induced by staurosporine, suggesting that Bcl-x(L)-DTR must be endocytosed and reach intracellular compartments for activity. Many diseases are caused by overexpression or underexpression of Bcl-x(L) homologues. Extracellular delivery of Bcl-2 family member proteins may have a wide range of uses in promoting or preventing cell death.
Dendritic Cell-Associated Lectin-1: A Novel Dendritic Cell-Associated, C-Type Lectin-Like Molecule Enhances T Cell Secretion of IL-4 (2002)

We have characterized dendritic cell (DC)-associated lectin-1 (DCAL-1), a novel, type II, transmembrane, C-type lectin-like protein. DCAL-1 has restricted expression in hemopoietic cells, in particular, DCs and B cells, but T cells and monocytes do not express it. The DCAL-1 locus is within a cluster of C-type lectin-like loci on human chromosome 12p12-13 just 3' to the CD69 locus. The consensus sequence of the DCAL-1 gene was confirmed by RACE-PCR; however, based on sequence alignment with genomic DNA and with various human expressed sequence tags, we predict that DCAL-1 has two splice variants. C-type lectins share a common sequence motif of 14 invariable and 18 highly conserved aa residues known as the carbohydrate recognition domain. DCAL-1, however, is missing three of the cysteine residues required to form the standard carbohydrate recognition domain. DCAL-1 mRNA and protein expression are increased upon the differentiation of monocytes to CD1a(+) DCs. B cells also express high levels of DCAL-1 on their cell surface. Using a DCAL-1 fusion protein we identified a population of CD4(+) CD45RA(+) T cells that express DCAL-1 ligand. Coincubation with soluble DCAL-1 enhanced the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in response to CD3 ligation and significantly increased IL-4 secretion. In contrast, coincubation with soluble DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (CD209) fusion protein as a control had no effect on CD4(+) T cell proliferation or IL-4 and IFN-gamma secretion. Therefore, the function of DCAL-1 on DCs and B cells may act as a T cell costimulatory molecule, which skews CD4(+) T cells toward a Th2 response by enhancing their secretion of IL-4.
Scanning near-field optical microscope using an atomic force microscope cantilever with integrated photodiode (1996)

A combined atomic force and scanning near-field optical microscope is presented. The critical component of the instrument is a single crystal silicon, microfabricated force-sensing cantilever with an integrated photodiode. Near-field optical images are obtained by monitoring variations in the optical power detected by the photodiode while the cantilever tip is scanned in an evanescent optical field created by illuminating the sample by total internal reflection. Near-field optical power was detected at tip-sample spacings of one-quarter wavelength. Atomic force and scanning near-field optical microscope images of the same samples show corresponding features as small as 25 nm.
Mechanisms influencing “hot-wire” deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1997)

Intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been deposited using a hot tungsten filament in pure silane to drive the deposition chemistry—the “hot-wire” deposition method. The electronic and infrared properties of the film have been measured as a function of deposition parameters, leading to three principal conclusions. First, to obtain a high quality material, the Si atoms evaporated from the filament (distance L from the substrate) must react with silane (density ns) before reaching the substrate; this requires nsL greater than a critical value. Second, radical-radical reactions cause deterioration of film properties at high values of G(nsL),3 where G is the film growth rate; this requires G(nsL)3 less than a critical value. Finally, the film quality is a function of G, and as G is increased the substrate temperature must be correspondingly increased to obtain high film quality. By optimizing these parameters, we have produced films with excellent electronic properties (e.g., ambipolar diffusion length &gt;200 nm) at &gt;5 nm/s deposition rate. Based on these insights, formulas are also given for optimizing film properties in multiple-filament geometries and in diluted silane.
Interference detection in FMCW radar using a complex baseband oversampled receiver (2018)

Mutual interference between Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) automotive radars is expected to be a significant problem with their large scale deployment. A radar's transmit signal can corrupt a neighboring radar's received signal and result in loss of the latter's sensitivity to weak target reflections as well as make it susceptible to false target detections. Traditional radars employ real baseband Nyquist sampled receivers and traditional interference mitigation techniques rely on detection of interference using just the in-band ADC samples. In this paper, we propose the use of a complex baseband oversampled receiver architecture and detection of interference in IF bands devoid of target reflections. Such an approach significantly improves interference detection sensitivity and can enable robust interference mitigation.
0.9mW 7GHz and 1.6mW 60GHz frequency dividers with locking-range enhancement in 0.13&#x00B5;m CMOS (2009)

Frequency dividers are key components for frequency synthesis in wireless and wireline communication systems. Among different types of frequency dividers, LC-based injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) feature high- frequency operation at low power consumption, but their locking range is quite narrow due to the high-Q nature of the resonator. Recently, design techniques to enhance the locking range of ILFDs have been reported. Injection into two coupled LC oscillators and sandwiched injection into two identical LC oscillators are proposed, but these techniques are suitable for dividers with quadrature outputs. Inductive-peaking and transconductance enhancement techniques are also used but they require extra inductors and thus larger chip area. In this paper, a simple but effective technique is presented to improve the locking range of ILFDs without extra inductive components while consuming low power.
Framework for GMPLS and PCE Control of Wavelength Switched Optical Networks (WSON) (2011)

This memo provides a framework for applying Generalized Multi-
Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) and the Path Computation Element
(PCE) architecture to the control of wavelength switched optical
networks (WSON). In particular we provide control plane models for key
wavelength switched optical network subsystems and processes. The
subsystems include wavelength division multiplexed links, tunable
laser transmitters, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers
(ROADM) and wavelength converters. Lightpath provisioning, in
general, requires the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) process.
This process is reviewed and the information requirements, both static
and dynamic for this process are presented, along with alternative
implementation scenarios that could be realized via GMPLS/PCE and/or
extended GMPLS/PCE protocols. This memo does NOT address optical
impairments in any depth and focuses on topological elements and path
selection constraints that are common across different WSON
environments. It is expected that a variety of different techniques
will be applied to optical impairments depending on the type of WSON,
such as access, metro or long haul.
Trellis codes for transition jitter noise (1999)

We present a trellis code which reduces the probability that transition jitter will cause one allowed sequence to be decoded as another allowed sequence. This code requires that transition times mod 4 be in the code of a 4-state convolutional encoder. We also exclude adjacent transitions (d=1). Sequences satisfying this constraint have capacity of approx. 4/9. This code can be implemented using a finite state encoder, Viterbi detector and sliding-block decoder. In the presence of pure jitter noise this code realizes a gain of approximately 3 dB over uncoded recording at the same user density.
Insertion loss model and input/output losses of single-stage optical cross-connects (2004)

We propose and demonstrate an effective model of the insertion loss of single-stage optical cross-connects, which has application to improve the speed and quality of connection training, to reduce the size of the loss table, and to facilitate maintenance.
Human In Vivo Corona: The Human In Vivo Biomolecule Corona onto PEGylated Liposomes: A Proof‐of‐Concept Clinical Study (Adv. Mater. 4/2019) (2019)

Experimental evidence that a biomolecule corona self-assembles around clinically used nanoparticles in humans while in their blood circulation is presented by Kostas Kostarelos and co-workers in article number 1803335. The successful recovery and purification of corona-coated lipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) from the blood circulation of ovarian carcinoma patients allows the proteomic analysis of the human in vivo protein corona. This work provides a technology springboard to allow clinical exploitation of protein-corona fingerprinting as a novel tool to comprehensively analyze the blood circulation proteome.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 is an activator of the c-Jun NH <sub>2</sub> -terminal kinase (1997)

The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) group of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases is activated by phosphorylation on Thr and Tyr. Here we report the molecular cloning of a new member of the mammalian MAP kinase kinase group (MKK7) that functions as an activator of JNK. In vitro protein kinase assays demonstrate that MKK7 phosphorylates and activates JNK, but not the p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase groups of MAP kinase. Expression of MKK7 in cultured cells causes activation of the JNK signal transduction pathway. MKK7 is therefore established to be a novel component of the JNK signal transduction pathway.
Improved Hybrid Solar Cells via in situ UV Polymerization (2009)

One approach for making inexpensive inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaic (PV) cells is to fill highly ordered TiO(2) nanotube (NT) arrays with solid organic hole conductors such as conjugated polymers. Here, a new in situ UV polymerization method for growing polythiophene (UV-PT) inside TiO(2) NTs is presented and compared to the conventional approach of infiltrating NTs with pre-synthesized polymer. A nanotubular TiO(2) substrate is immersed in a 2,5-diiodothiophene (DIT) monomer precursor solution and then irradiated with UV light. The selective UV photodissociation of the C--I bond produces monomer radicals with intact pi-ring structure that further produce longer oligothiophene/PT molecules. Complete photoluminescence quenching upon UV irradiation suggests coupling between radicals created from DIT and at the TiO(2) surface via a charge transfer complex. Coupling with the TiO(2) surface improves UV-PT crystallinity and pi-pi stacking; flat photocurrent values show that charge recombination during hole transport through the polymer is negligible. A non-ideal, backside-illuminated setup under illumination of 620-nm light yields a photocurrent density of approximately 5 microA cm(2)-surprisingly much stronger than with comparable devices fabricated with polymer synthesized ex situ. Since in this backside architecture setup we illuminate the cell through the Ag top electrode, there is a possibility for Ag plasmon-enhanced solar energy conversion. By using this simple in situ UV polymerization method that couples the conjugated polymer to the TiO(2) surface, the absorption of sunlight can be improved and the charge carrier mobility of the photoactive layer can be enhanced.
Autoantibodies to the Ro/Ssa Autoantigen are Conformation Dependent II: Antibodies to the Denatured form of 52 Kd Ro/Ssa are a Cross Reacting Subset of Antibodies to the Native 60 Kd Ro/Ssa Molecule (1992)

The immune response to the Ro/SSA particles is conformation dependent. In sera with only anti-Ro/SSA precipitins, the autoantibodies to the 60 kD Ro/SSA are largely to the native 60 kD Ro/SSA while autoantibodies to the 52 kD Ro/SSA particle when present are exclusively to the denatured 52 kD Ro/SSA particle. Antibodies eluted from a recombinant 52 kD Ro/SSA fusion protein reacted in a sandwich ELISA which only measures antibody to native 60 kD Ro/SSA antigens and this reaction is largely inhibited by native homogeneous 60 kD Ro/SSA. In addition, antibody binding to the 52 kD Ro/SSA antigen in Western blot is also strongly inhibited by native 60 kD Ro/SSA. These experiment strongly suggest that reactivity of denatured 52 kD Ro/SSA antigen represents a cross reaction with autoantibodies directed to the native 60 kD Ro/SSA antigen. As a corollary of these experiments, data are presented that suggest the hY-RNAs are not associated with the 52 kD Ro/SSA protein but only with the 60 kD Ro/SSA protein. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the autoanti-Ro/SSA response is driven by native 60 kD Ro/SSA and the immune response to denatured 52 kD Ro/SSA is largely a cross-reactive subset of the immune response to native 60 kD Ro/SSA.
Low-power design by hazard filtering (2002)

Before signals of a digital circuit reach steady state, gates can have multiple transitions. Since the power is dissipated in a CMOS circuit mainly due to transitions, the extra transitions increase power consumption. These transitions are the hazard pulses generated by a logic gate when signals arrive by paths of varying delays. The maximum width of a hazard pulse produced by a gate is the maximum difference between the delays of incident paths, which is generally much smaller than the clock period. We propose suppression of hazard pulses by increasing the delays of gates where hazards could have been generated. Thus, a hazard filtering gate has a delay which is at least as much as the differential delay of its input paths. We give examples to illustrate the novel technique and also indicate that the overall reduction in the circuit speed may not be too much with proper sizing of transistors, while there can be a significant reduction in power consumption.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic data of a Fel d 1 (1+2) construct corresponding to the major allergen from cat (2005)

The domestic cat (Felis domesticus) is one of the most important causes of allergic disease worldwide. A homologue of the major allergen Fel d 1 was created by linking the two chains that compose the protein. Fel d 1 (1+2) was expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified using three chromatographic steps. Crystals of Fel d 1 (1+2) were obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in 22.5% PEG 3350, 0.5 M CaCl2. The crystals belong to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 38.5, b = 42.9, c = 49.0 A, alpha = 70.7, beta = 80.5, gamma = 81.5 degrees , and diffract to 1.6 A resolution.
Automatic surveillance video matting using a shape prior (2011)

This paper presents a novel algorithm for performing video matting, which is built upon a proposed image matting algorithm that is fully automatic. The proposed algorithm utilizes a PCA-based shape model as a prior for guiding the matting process, so that manual interactions required by most existing image matting methods are unnecessary. We specifically consider a surveillance environment in which foreground windows are identified via a person detector. By applying the image matting algorithm to these foreground windows, on a per frame basis, we aim to fully automate the video matting process. Due to the inherent inaccuracy of any person detector, it is critical that the shape model be aligned with the object. We achieve this in a framework where the estimation of the alpha matte guided by the shape prior model, and the alignment process are simultaneously optimized based on a quadratic cost function. We report very promising results on a people data set collected from surveillance environments.
Production and biological activities of a new antifungal antibiotic, TAN-950A. (1992)

A novel antifungal antibiotic, TAN-950 complex, was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces platensis A-136 (IFO 14603, FERM BP-1786). The water-soluble amphoteric substances in this complex were purified by chromatography using ion-exchange resins, QAE-Sephadex and adsorptive resins and were designated TAN-950 A and TAN-950 A-E mixture. The molecular formula of TAN-950 A was determined to be C6H7N2O4Na for the sodium salt. This new amino acid antibiotic showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo, and had low toxicity in mice.
Optoelectronic integrated circuit multiplier (1985)

Abstract : An apparatus and method for improving VLSI and VHSIC system data transmission relies on a plurality of optoelectronic switches actuated by pulses from at least one light source, a laser. Differing lengths of optical fibers couple the pulsed light from the laser at different times to create a sequence of actuation light pulses for the plurality of optoelectronic switches each time the light source is pulsed. Thus the information appearing at a plurality of parallel data nodes is converted to serial form at an output bonding pad on the chip. Optionally, a similar pulsing of electroptic switches coupled to an input bonding pad converts serial data to parallel form. Faster input and output switching times are provided, reliability and complexity are reduced, particularly as compared to off-chip arrangements, and power consumption and dissipation are reduced. (Author)
Immobilized Enzymes in Organic Synthesis (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Immobilized Enzymes Applications Concluding Remarks References
New functional ligands for ficolin-3 among lipopolysaccharides of Hafnia alvei (2011)

Ficolin-1 (M), ficolin-2 (L), ficolin-3 (H) and mannan-binding lectin (MBL) activate the complement system and have opsonic activity. The specificity of ficolin-3 is poorly characterized and currently limited to a few ligands only. We present new specific targets for human ficolin-3, identified among lipopolysaccharides (LPSs, endotoxin) of Hafnia alvei. The interaction was restricted to LPSs of four strains: 23, Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM) 1200, PCM 1203 and PCM 1205 and limited to their O-specific polysaccharides (O-specific PSs) composed of different numbers of oligosaccharide (OS) repeating units (RUs). Moreover, these LPS/ficolin-3 complexes activated the lectin pathway of complement in a C4b-deposition assay in a calcium- and magnesium-dependent way. A neoglycoconjugate of the O-specific PS fraction of H. alvei 1200 LPS with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was prepared and used as a tool for the determination of ficolin-3 concentration and activity in serum. To confirm a structure of the O-specific PS 1200 selected for the conjugate preparation, structural analysis was performed on a series of O-specific PSs released by the mild acid hydrolysis of the LPS. The isolated O-specific PSs, showing the different length distributions, were devoid of a major part of the core OS region and had Hep-Kdo disaccharide at a reducing end. The neoglycoconjugate was a highly selective tool for the determination of ficolin-3 concentration and activity in serum (lectin pathway activation in the C4b deposition assay) and was not affected by MBL, ficolin-1 and ficolin-2 or natural antibodies.
Compact Mixed-Mode Filter Based on ${\rm{TE}}_{\mathrm {101}}$ Cavity Mode and ${\rm{TE}}_{\mathrm {01\delta }}$ Dielectric Mode (2016)

A new class of compact in-line filters with pseudoelliptic responses is presented in this paper. The proposed filters employ a new type of mixed-mode resonator. Such a resonator consists of a cavity loaded with a suspended high permittivity dielectric puck, so that both cavity TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">101</sub> mode and dielectric TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01δ</sub> mode are exploited within the same volume. This structure realizes the transverse doublet topology and it is therefore capable of generating a transmission zero (TZ) that can be either located above or below the passband. Multiple mixedmode resonators can be used as basic building blocks to obtain higher order filters by cascading them through nonresonating nodes. These filters are capable of implementing TZs that are very close to the passband edges, thus realizing an extreme closein rejection. As a result of the dielectric loading, the proposed solution leads to a very compact structure with improved temperature stability. To validate the proposed class of filters, a second-order filter with 2.0% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and a fourth-order filter with 2.5% FBW have been designed and manufactured.
Miniature electroparticle-cuff for wireless peripheral neuromodulation (2019)

We confirmed that continuous stimulation for 14 min using monophasic pulses did not deleteriously affect the evoked motor responses when compared to wired charge-balanced biphasic electrical stimulation. We observed, however, a 36%-44% decrease in the evoked limb movement in both groups over time due to muscle fatigue. This study shows that the EP-C device can be used effectively for peripheral nerve neuromodulation.