gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophage N4 virion RNA polymerase interaction with its promoter DNA hairpin (2007)

Bacteriophage N4 minivirion RNA polymerase (mini-vRNAP), the RNA polymerase (RNAP) domain of vRNAP, is a member of the T7-like RNAP family. Mini-vRNAP recognizes promoters that comprise conserved sequences and a 3-base loop-5-base pair (bp) stem DNA hairpin structure on single-stranded templates. Here, we defined the DNA structural and sequence requirements for mini-vRNAP promoter recognition. Mini-vRNAP binds a 20-nucleotide (nt) N4 P2 promoter deoxyoligonucleotide with high affinity (K(d) = 2 nM) to form a salt-resistant complex. We show that mini-vRNAP interacts specifically with the central base of the hairpin loop (-11G) and a base at the stem (-8G) and that the guanine 6-keto and 7-imino groups at both positions are essential for binding and complex salt resistance. The major determinant (-11G), which must be presented to mini-vRNAP in the context of a hairpin loop, appears to interact with mini-vRNAP Trp-129. This interaction requires template single-strandedness at positions -2 and -1. Contacts with the promoter are disrupted when the RNA product becomes 11-12 nt long. This detailed description of vRNAP interaction with its promoter hairpin provides insights into RNAP-promoter interactions and explains how the injected vRNAP, which is present in one or two copies, recognizes its promoters on a single copy of the injected genome.
Protecting Locations with Differential Privacy under Temporal Correlations (2015)

Concerns on location privacy frequently arise with the rapid development of GPS enabled devices and location-based applications. While spatial transformation techniques such as location perturbation or generalization have been studied extensively, most techniques rely on syntactic privacy models without rigorous privacy guarantee. Many of them only consider static scenarios or perturb the location at single timestamps without considering temporal correlations of a moving user's locations, and hence are vulnerable to various inference attacks. While differential privacy has been accepted as a standard for privacy protection, applying differential privacy in location based applications presents new challenges, as the protection needs to be enforced on the fly for a single user and needs to incorporate temporal correlations between a user's locations.
Exact algorithms for the master ring problem (2008)

Abstract We consider the master ring problem (MRP) which often arises in optical network design. Given a network which consists of a collection of interconnected rings R 1 ,…, R K , with n 1 ,…, n K distinct nodes, respectively, we need to find an ordering of the nodes in the network that respects the ordering of every individual ring, if one exists. We show that MRP is NP‐complete, and therefore, it is unlikely to be solvable by a polynomial time algorithm. Our main result is an algorithm which solves MRP in $ Q \cdot \Pi_{k=1}^{K} (n_{k}/\sqrt{2}) $ steps, for some polynomial Q , as the n k values become large. For the ring clearance problem, a special case of practical interest, our algorithm achieves this running time for rings of any size n k ≥ 2. This yields the first nontrivial improvement, by factor of $ (2\sqrt{2})^{K} \approx (2.82)^{K} $ , over the running time of the naive algorithm, which exhaustively enumerates all $ \Pi_{k=1}^{K} (2n_{k}) $ possible solutions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Carrier detection in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency based on patterns of X chromosome inactivation. (1987)

The X-linked form of severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) is underdiagnosed because no methods have been available for detecting carriers. Although boys with XSCID are deficient in T cells, female carriers are immunologically normal. Carriers' normal immune function would be expected if all their T cells were derived from precursors whose X chromosome bearing the XSCID mutation was inactivated early in embryogenesis. Using somatic cell hybridization to separate the active and inactive X chromosomes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms to distinguish them, we have determined the lymphocyte X inactivation pattern in XSCID carriers and their female relatives. In the T cells of three carriers, the X chromosome bearing the XSCID mutation was consistently inactive. Nonrandom X inactivation was also found in the T cells of one at-risk female, while two others had normal, random X inactivation. This method constitutes a generally applicable carrier test for XSCID.
Bananas, Explosives and the Future of Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (2003)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Bernard G. Fidric, Robert A. Provencal, Sze M. Tan, Eric R. Crosson, Alexander A. Kachanov, and Barbara A. Paldus, "Bananas, Explosives and the Future of Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy," Optics & Photonics News 14(7), 24-29 (2003) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Janus particle synthesis, self-assembly and applications (2012)

Named after the two-faced roman god, Janus particles have gained much attention due to their potential in a variety of applications, including drug delivery. This is the first book devoted to Janus particles and covers their methods of synthesis, how these particles self-assemble, and their possible uses. By following the line of synthesis, self-assembly and applications, the book not only covers the fundamental and applied aspects, but it goes beyond a simple summary and offers a logistic way of selecting the proper synthetic route for Janus particles for certain applications. Written by pioneering experts in the field, the book introduces the Janus concept to those new to the topic and highlights the most recent research progress on the topic for those active in the field.
Optically active polyamides having an (-)-anti head-to-head coumarin dimer component. 1. Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptically active polyamides having an (-)-anti head-to-head coumarin dimer component. 1. Synthesis, characterization, and optical propertiesKazuhiko Saigo, Yun Chen, Noriyuki Yonezawa, Toshio Kanoe, Kouzou Tachibana, and Masaki HasegawaCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 6, 1552–1558Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00160a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (738 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Novel thermally reworkable underfill encapsulants for flip-chip applications (2002)

Underfill encapsulant is critical to the reliability of the flip-chip solder interconnections. Current underfill encapsulants are mainly filled epoxy-based materials that are not reworkable after curing, which place an obstacle in Flip-Chip On Board (FCOB) and Multi-Chip Module (MCM) technology developments, where unknown bad dies (UBD) is still a concern. Accordingly, approaches have been taken to develop the thermally reworkable underfill materials in order to address the reworkability problem of the commercial underfill encapsulants. These include introducing the thermally cleavable block to thermoset resins, and adding additives to thermoset resins. For the first approach, two diepoxides with thermally cleavable blocks were synthesized and characterized. These materials were shown to undergo thermosetting reactions with cyclic anhydride in a very similar fashion to a commercial cycloaliphatic epoxide, and they meet the underfill encapsulant requirements in regard to their glass transition temperatures (Tgs), storage moduli (G's), coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs), and viscosities. However, these cured samples degrade at much lower temperatures than the commercial epoxies. For the latter approach, two additives were shown that after being added to typical cycloaliphatic epoxy formulation, do not interfere with epoxy curing, and do not affect the typical properties of cured epoxy system, yet provide reworkability to the epoxy. In this paper, we present the characterization results of this new class of materials-thermally reworkable underfill encapsulants-by DSC, TMA, DMA, and rheometer. Furthermore, we will present the preliminary reworkability test results of this class of materials with flip-chip devices on PWB.
An analog wavelet transform chip (2002)

The theory and implementation in subthreshold analog CMOS technology of a circuit which performs continuous wavelet decompositions of a one-dimensional (e.g., audio) input are described. The analog wavelet outputs are the output of a logarithmically scaled bank of bandpass filters; each band is sampled at a rate proportional to the Nyquist rate of the highest frequency content of that band. The result is a matrix of discrete points describing the input signal as a function of both frequency and time. The filter function of each band is Gaussian shaped in order to best resolve the uncertainty relation between time and frequency at each sampled point.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AutoMigrate: A Framework for Developing Intelligent, Self-Managing Cloud Services with Maximum Availability (2016)

Cloud services are on-demand services provided to end-users over the Internet and hosted by cloud service providers. A cloud service consists of a set of interacting applications/processes running on one or more interconnected VMs. Organizations are increasingly embracing cloud services as a means of outsourcing their IT departments. However, cloud service availability is not guaranteed, especially in the event of anomalous circumstances that spontaneously disrupt availability (e.g., natural disasters, power failure, cybersecurity attacks, etc.). In this paper, we propose a framework for developing intelligent systems that can monitor and migrate cloud services to maximize their availability in case of cloud disruption. The framework includes a virtual machine selection algorithm that maximizes the availability of high priority services during migration under time and network bandwidth constraints. The framework also facilitates the incorporation of algorithms for automatically detecting anomalies to trigger live migration of cloud services. We implemented the framework and conducted experiments to evaluate the performance of the underlying techniques. Based on the experiments, the use of this framework results in less downtime due to migration, thereby leading to reduced cloud service disruption.
Transition metal substituted Keggin type polyoxomolybdates as bifunctional catalysts for the epoxidation of alkenes by molecular oxygen (1995)

In a one-pot reaction, transition metal substituted polyoxomolybdates are shown to be bifunctional catalysts for epoxidation of alkenes by via oxygen transfer from intermediate alkylhydroperoxides; the latter being formed by catalytic autoxidation with molecular oxygen.
Partially coherent constellations for multiple-antenna systems (2004)

We consider the problem of digital communication in a Rayleigh flat fading environment using a multiple antenna system. We assume that the transmitter doesn't know the channel coefficients, and that the receiver has only an estimate of them. We further assume that the transmitter and receiver know the statistics of the estimation error. We will refer to this system as a partially coherent system. In an earlier work, we had derived a design criterion for the partially coherent constellations based on maximizing the minimum KL distance between conditional distributions. We had also designed single transmit antenna constellations using this criterion, which showed substantial improvement in the performance over existing and widely-used constellations. In this work, using the KL-based design criterion, we design partially coherent constellations for multiple antenna systems, and evaluate their performance through simulation. We show that, even with only a few percent channel estimation error, the new constellations achieve significant performance gains over the conventional constellations and existing multiple antenna techniques. The proposed constellations are multi-level, with multi-dimensional spherical constellations at each level. We also propose a recursive construction for the constituent spherical subsets of the multiple-antenna partially coherent constellations.
<title>Scanning Acoustic Microscopy: Review Of Recent Developments</title> (1983)

Scanning acoustic microscopy, where the object to be imaged is scanned across the waist of a tightly focussed acoustic beam, has advances to the point where the resolution in water is comparable to that of a high quality optical microscope. The resolving power of the acoustic microscope can be further improved by resorting to a fluid which has a lower sound velocity than water. The two practical possibilities are cryogenic liquids, and higher pressure gases. Progress on both these fronts will be discussed. Improving the resolving power is only one aspect of our research effort: it is equally important to obtain quantitative information from the recorded images. We are working; on several schemes whereby it is possible to record the spatial frequency transmittance or reflectance of the object at the point being investigated and hence deduce the sound velocity and density on a microscopic scale. In order to make accurate predictions on the elastic parameters in certain experiments - such as the observation of stress near a crack tip - it is necessary to measure the phase of the acoustic beam with great accuracy. For this purpose, we have developed a differential interference contrast acoustic microscope which is the acoustic analogue of the optical nomarsky system. Finally, the great success of acoustic microscopy has led to the invention of many new forms of microscopy. Two such forms will be described - photodisplacement and photothermal microscopy - which are based on the microscopic measurement of some thermometric property. The use of such techniques to image current flow in integrated circuits and record optical absorption spectra of biological samples with a lateral resolution of a few microns will be described.
An integrated DC link choke for elimination of motor common-mode voltage in medium voltage drives (2002)

An integrated DC link choke with common-mode voltage suppression is proposed for use in medium voltage (2300 V-7200 V) induction motor drives. The choke has an integrated magnetic core on which both differential and common-mode windings are placed. The differential winding is used to reduce the DC link current ripple while the common-mode winding is employed to suppress the motor common-mode voltage generated by the rectifier and inverter. The operating principle of the integrated DC choke is introduced. The calculation of the differential and common-mode inductances is presented. Experimental results based on a 5 hp induction motor drive are provided. A special issue concerning common-mode LC resonances is investigated. It is demonstrated that the proposed choke can be used to replace the isolation transformer normally used in medium voltage drives for common-mode voltage elimination, resulting in significant cost savings.
Hydrostatic pressure rescues native protein from aggregates (1999)

Misfolding and misassembly of proteins are major problems in the biotechnology industry, in biochemical research, and in human disease. Here we describe a novel approach for reversing aggregation and increasing refolding by application of hydrostatic pressure. Using P22 tailspike protein as a model system, intermediates along the aggregation pathway were identified and quantitated by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tailspike aggregates were subjected to hydrostatic pressures of 2.4 kbar (35,000 psi). This treatment dissociated the tailspike aggregates and resulted in increased formation of native trimers once pressure was released. Tailspike trimers refolded at these pressures were fully active for formation of infectious viral particles. This technique can facilitate conversion of aggregates to native proteins without addition of chaotropic agents, changes in buffer, or large-scale dilution of reagents required for traditional refolding methods. Our results also indicate that one or more intermediates at the junction between the folding and aggregation pathways is pressure sensitive. This finding supports the hypothesis that specific determinants of recognition exist for protein aggregation, and that these determinants are similar to those involved in folding to the native state. An increased understanding of this specificity should lead to improved refolding methods.
Efficient Software Implementations of Fantomas (2016)

We present a series of software implementations of the Fantomas block cipher in resource-constrained ARM devices like the Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4; and more powerful processors such as the ARM Cortex-A15 and modern Intel platforms. Our implementations span a broad range of characteristics: 32-bit and 64-bit versions, side-channel resistant and vectorized code for NEON and SSE instructions. Our implementations of the algorithm improve the state of the art substantially, both in terms of efficiency or compactness, by making use of novel algorithmic techniques and features specific to the target platform. In particular, our unprotected 32-bit implementation achieves speedups from 35% to 66% in the ARM Cortex-M architecture, while consuming considerably less code size. The vectorized implementations improve performance over the state of the art by 40% in the ARM Cortex-A15 and 50% in the Core i7 Ivy Bridge, setting new speed records for the implementation of the block cipher.
Synthesis and characterization of unsymmetrical benzonitrile‐containing polyimides: Viscosity‐lowering effect and dielectric properties (2013)

ABSTRACT A new unsymmetrical diamine, 2‐(3‐aminophenoxy)‐6‐(4‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (3,4‐APBN), is synthesized via two consecutive S N Ar reactions and the temperature‐dependent reactivity of the fluorides in 2,6‐difluorobenzonitrile, whose first S N Ar reaction occurs at 70 °C and second, at 100 °C, allowing timing control of reaction sequence and circumventing the transetherification side reaction. Thus, a series of polyimides (PIs) is prepared from the polymerization of 3,4‐APBN with five common dianhydrides (6FDA, DSDA, OPDA, BTDA, and PMDA). For comparison, a second series is also prepared from two symmetrical diamines ([2,6‐bis(3‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (3,3‐APBN) and 2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (4,4‐APBN)] and 6FDA or PMDA. The processability of the poly(amic acids) (PAAs), for the first series is greatly improved since their solution viscosities are much lower than PAAs based on symmetrical diamines. Besides having high glass‐transition temperatures (249–332 °C), and thermal stability [5% weight loss in the range of 505–542 °C (air) and 512–546 °C (nitrogen)], these PIs form tough, transparent and flexible films that have a tensile‐strength range of 82.1–121.3 MPa, elongations‐at‐break of 5.33–9.81%, and tensile moduli of 2.11–2.97 GPa. Their film dielectric constants are 3.08–3.62 at 10 kHz, moderately higher than that (2.92) of analogous PI (CP2) without nitrile groups. Overall, we found that the reduction of structural symmetry in repeat units can improve the polymer processibility as well as increasing their dielectric constants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51 , 4998–5011
Low loss Ge-Se chalcogenide glass optical fibers (1984)

Infrared optical fibers composed of Ge-Se based chalcogenide glass have been fabricated by using a specially designed drawing apparatus. Transmission loss of less than 1 dB/m was observed in the IR region of 2–10 μm except at 4.5 μm. The minimum loss is 0.2 dB/m at 5.5-μm wavelength.
A direct recycling case study from a lithium-ion battery recall (2020)

Direct recycling of lithium-ion is a promising method for manufacturing sustainability. It is more efficient than classical methods because it recovers the functional cathode particle without decomposition into substituent elements or dissolution and precipitation of the whole particle. This case study of cathode-healing™ applied to a battery recall demonstrates an industrial model for recycling of lithium-ion, be it consumer electronic or electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The comprehensive process includes extraction of electrolyte with carbon dioxide, industrial shredding, electrode harvesting, froth flotation, cathode-healing™ and finally, building new cells with recycled cathode and anode. The final products demonstrated useful capability in the first full cells made from direct recycled cathodes and anodes from an industrial source. The lessons learned on recycling the prototypical chemistry are preliminarily applied to EV relevant chemistries.
Recent progress in carbon nanotube-based gas sensors (2008)

The development of carbon nanotube-(CNTs-)based gas sensors and sensor arrays has attracted intensive research interest in the last several years because of their potential for the selective and rapid detection of various gaseous species by novel nanostructures integrated in miniature and low-power consuming electronics. Chemiresistors and chemical field effect transistors are probably the most promising types of gas nanosensors. In these sensors, the electrical properties of nanostructures are dramatically changed when exposed to the target gas analytes. In this review, recent progress on the development of different types of CNT-based nanosensors is summarized. The focus was placed on the means used by various researchers to improve the sensing performance (sensitivity, selectivity and response time) through the rational functionalization of CNTs with different methods (covalent and non-covalent) and with different materials (polymers and metals).