gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet Video Transmission (2006)

The Internet has rapidly evolved from being a scientific experiment to a commercial network connecting millions of hosts that carries traffic generated by a large amount of applications with diverse requirements. Its architecture was however designed to enable efficient point-to-point delivery of bulk data, and can not provide statistical guarantees on the timely delivery of delay sensitive data such as streaming and real-time multimedia. Thus, applications that require low loss probabilities in today's Internet have to use some end-to-end error recovery mechanism. For delay sensitive applications the introduced latency by the applied schemes has to be low as well. Traffic control functions such as delay limited shaping and forward error correction (FEC), and multiple description coding (MDC) have been proposed for variable bitrate video. Their major drawback is, however, that it is difficult to predict their efficiency, as it depends on many factors like the characteristics of the stream itself, the characteristics of the traffic in the network and the network parameters. Consequently, it is difficult to decide which control mechanisms to employ, how to combine them and to choose the right parameters (e.g. block length, code rate) for optimal performance. In this thesis we present results on the efficiency of traffic control functions and MDC for video transmission based on mathematical models and simulations. We investigate the efficiency of delay limited traffic shaping and the trade-offs in the joint use of traffic shaping and forward error correction. We identify the packet size distribution of the traffic in the network as an additional factor that may influence the efficiency of FEC, and present a thorough analysis of its possible effects. We present an analytical comparison of MDC versus media-dependent FEC and media-independent FEC, and based on the results we conclude that MDC is a promising error control solution for multimedia communications with very strict delay bounds in an environment with bursty losses. We combine the analytical results with traces from measurements performed on the Internet to evaluate how efficient these error control schemes are under real loss patterns. We compare the efficiency of MDC and media-dependent FEC in the presence of channel estimation errors; we propose a new rate allocation method, which is robust to mis-estimations of the channel state and which improves error resilience on non-stationary channels. Finally we present an analytical model of the performance of an end-point-based multimedia streaming architecture based on multiple distribution trees and forward error correction, and analyze the behavior of the architecture for a large number of nodes.
New Design of Choice Sets for Choice-based Conjoint Analysis (2012)

This article is concerned with choice-based conjoint analysis versus rating-based and ranking-based conjoint analysis. Choice-based conjoint analysis has a definite advantage in that the respondent's task of choosing the most preferred profile from several competing profiles adequately mimics consumer marketplace behavior. It is crucial to design the choice sets appropriate for the choice-based conjoint. Thus, this article suggests a new method to design the choice sets that are well-balanced. It augments the balanced incomplete block design and then obtains the dual design of the result to accommodate various numbers of profiles. In consequence, the choice sets designed by the new method have the desirable characteristics that each profile is presented to the same number of respondents, and pairs of any two distinct profiles occur together in the same number of choice sets. The balancing of the design increases the efficiency of the conjoint analysis. In addition, the pair-comparison scheme can improve the quality of data through the identification of contradictory responses.
Sedierung oder Narkose – das ist hier die Frage (2016)

Bei einer 87-jährigen Patientin mit einer Cholangitis auf dem Boden einer Rezidiv-Choledocholithiasis kam es im Anschluss an eine erfolgreiche ERCP unter 2,5 mg Midazolam und 175 mg Propofol zu einem Blutdruckabfall und einem Atemstillstand auf Station, an deren Folgen die Patientin verstarb. Auf die Problematik dieser Kombination bei sehr alten Patienten wird hingewiesen. Ein Aufwachraum stand nicht zur Verfügung.
Optimization of planar devices by the finite element method (1990)

The finite-element method is an efficient and flexible way of computing the scattering parameters of N-port planar devices (microstrip, stripline, rectangular waveguide, etc.). In addition, it can provide, at little extra cost, the sensitivity of scattering parameters to changes in the shape of the device. such information can lead to a faster automatic optimization of the shape. This approach has been implemented with high-order, triangular finite elements and the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno optimization scheme. Sensitivities were computed for an empty parallel-plate waveguide and for a rectangular waveguide containing a dielectric slab. The agreement with analytical solutions was excellent. The method was used to determine the optimum shape of a microstrip 3-dB hybrid and was found to require far fewer analyses than a previous technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal phase- and morphology-controlled synthesis of MoO<sub>3</sub>materials (2017)

The crystal phase and morphology of MoO3 materials were precisely tuned under suitable synthetic conditions and mutual transformation of h-MoO3 and α-MoO3 was achieved via a facile hydrothermal method for the first time. The h-MoO3 microrods with a diameter of 0.5–1.6 μm and length of 2.2–6.1 μm were fabricated with the assistance of NaNO3 using α-MoO3 particles as the precursor. The transformation of h-MoO3 microrods to α-MoO3 nanobelts with a diameter of 150–430 nm and length of 2.1–14.5 μm occurred through hydrothermal techniques at higher temperature. Systematic studies of synthetic parameters revealed that the hexagonal h-MoO3 microrods formed at higher concentration of NaNO3, while h-MoO3 microrods vanished at higher temperature with prolonged time and α-MoO3 nanobelts were exclusively produced. The h-MoO3 microrods exhibited higher catalytic activity in photo-degradation of methylene blue than the α-MoO3 nanobelts. This is ascribed to the weaker fluorescence and reduced bandgap energy of the h-MoO3 microrods than those of the α-MoO3 nanobelts.
A novel <scp>CGRP</scp>‐neutralizing <scp>S</scp>piegelmer attenuates neurogenic plasma protein extravasation (2015)

This is the first description of the CGRP-neutralizing Spiegelmer NOX-L41. Preclinical studies confirmed a role for CGRP in neurogenic PPE and provided proof-of-concept for the potential use of this new drug candidate for the treatment or prevention of migraine.
Catalytic epoxidation of methyl linoleate (2004)

Abstract The epoxidation of methyl linoleate was examined using transition metal complexes as catalysts. With a catalytic amount of methyltrioxorhenium (4 mol%) and pyridine, methyl linoleate was completely epoxidized by aqueous H 2 O 2 within 4 h. Longer reaction times (6 h) were needed with 1 mol% catalyst loading. Manganese tetraphenylporphyrin chloride was found to catalyze the partial epoxidation of methyl linoleate. A monoepoxidized species was obtained as the major product (63%) after 20 h.
Sense of Echo (1999)

Abstract Virginia Woolf’s phrase ‘the queerest sense of echo’ used to describe her relationship with Katherine Mansfield indicates her own awareness of recognising Mansfield as the foreigner within, other but familiar, both frightening in her alien similarity and reassuring in her capacity to understand a shared obsession with writing. What Ann L. McLaughlin describes as an ‘uneasy sisterhood’ is acknowledged in June 1920 when Woolf remarks of her friendship with Mansfield that ‘this fragmentary intermittent intercourse of mine seems more fundamental than many better established ones’. It predates Woolf’s relationship with another writer, Vita Sackville-West, and was intellectually and artistically more significant for Woolf: its centrality becomes evident to the reader of the personal writings of both women. This chapter discusses the danger to Mansfield’s and Woolf’s vulnerable sensibilities in the process of exploration, and of their dependence on literary husbands and canonical fathers. It examines the two women’s preoccupation with childhood, time, and memory.
Single pulse selection from a cw mode-locked laser (1998)

A low cost, high performance single pulse switch-out system based on the high speed Pockels cell shutter, is presented. The circuit uses commonly available fast transistor transistor logic circuit elements for control logic and chains of bipolar junction transistors 2N2222A connected in avalanche mode for high-voltage switching of the Pockels cell. The system provides high contrast ratio pulses free from amplitude and timing jitter, and has been tested for more than 50 000 000 shots.
A 17.5 fJ/bit energy-efficient analog SRAM for mixed-signal processing (2016)

An energy-efficient analog SRAM (A-SRAM) is proposed to eliminate redundant analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversions in the mixed-signal processing such as a biomedical and a neural network applications. The D/A and the A/D conversion are integrated into the SRAM readout by the charge sharing of the proposed split bit-line (BL) and the SRAM write by the successive approximation method, respectively. And a data structure is newly proposed to allocate each bit of the input data to the binary-weighted bit-cell array. The proposed A-SRAM is implemented using 65 nm CMOS technology. As a result, it achieves 17.5 fJ/bit read energy-efficiency and 21 Gbit/s read throughput, which are 54% lower and 1.3× higher than the conventional SRAM. Also, the area is reduced by 31% compared to the conventional SRAM with ADC and DAC.
Whispering Gallery Mode Microresonators for Lasing and Single Nanoparticle Detection (2012)

Whispering gallery mode: WGM) microresonators have attracted great interests due to the significantly enhanced light-matter interactions originating from their high quality factors and small mode volumes. They are suitable for a wide range of applications including sensing, lasing, nonlinear optics, and so forth. However, temperature fluctuations as one of the most common environmental noises disturb the cavity resonances and thus degrade the device stability and sensitivity. We introduce a wetting technique to coat the silica resonator with a thin layer of polymer which has the negative thermo-optic coefficient to compensate for the thermal effect in silica, and demonstrate complete thermal compensation. WGM microresonators have shown great promise for ultra-sensitive and label-free chemical and biological sensing by probing the surroundings with evanescent waves leaking out of the resonator. Sensing is achieved by monitoring the shift or splitting of a resonant frequency. The detection limit is determined by the linewidth of the resonant mode which is ultimately limited by material absorption induced loss. To surpass the limit of passive resonators, we report real-time single nanoparticle detection using on-chip WGM microcavity lasers. The ultra-low threshold microlasers are prepared by doping WGM resonators with rare-earth ions through the sol-gel method, and their linewidths are much narrower than the passive counterparts. The detection approach relies on measuring changes in the heterodyne beat note of two split modes originating from splitting of a narrow emission line in the microlaser induced by nanoscale objects. We demonstrate detection of polystyrene and gold nanoparticles as small as 15 nm and 10 nm in radius, respectively, and Influenza A virions by monitoring changes in the beat note of the split lasing modes. The self-heterodyne interferometric method achieved in the on-chip microlaser provides a self-referencing scheme with extraordinary sensitivity, and paves the way for detection and spectroscopy of nano-scale objects using micro/nano lasers.
Building decision trees using functional dependencies (2004)

Decision tree (DT) induction is regarded as a representative of traditional approaches to classification rule mining which is an important technique for many data mining applications. Using a heuristic-based local search, DT induction appends attribute at a time to rules in the order of goodness. This method may eliminate some typical structures that several attributes collectively determine the class. Recently, there has been growing interest in the problem of discovering functional dependencies (FDs) from existing databases [[Flach et al.], [Y. Huhtala et al., (1999)], [Lopes et al.], [Novelli et al.]]. Some efficient and scalable algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we present a new method to build a DT classifier using approximate FDs [Y. Huhtala et al., (1999)]. The new method is different from the traditional ways of building DTs in that it searches composite attributes for individual node of a DT which leads to substantially smaller and more understandable DTs without adversely affecting the accuracy gains. Experiments showed that the new method not only builds more accurate classifiers, but also does this with more compact structures.
Robust real-time blind source separation for moving speakers in a room (2004)

This paper describes a robust real-time blind source separation (BSS) method for moving speech signals in a room. Our method employs frequency domain independent component analysis (ICA) using a blockwise batch algorithm in the first stage, and the separated signals are refined by postprocessing using crosstalk component estimation and nonstationary spectral subtraction in the second stage. The blockwise batch algorithm achieves better performance than an online algorithm when sources are fixed, and the postprocessing compensates for performance degradation caused by source movement. Experimental results using speech signals recorded in a real room show that the proposed method realizes robust real-time separation for moving sources. Our method is implemented on a standard PC and works in real time.
Waveform shaping techniques for the design of signal sources (1974)

A new circuit technique is described for the generation of a sinusoid from a triangle waveform based on the addition of suitably proportioned current trapezoids. Undesirable operating characteristics, particularly peak and crossover distortion associated with previously reported methods, are reduced to more tolerable levels in a fully temperature-compensated design. An optimum breakpoint and distortion analysis is developed for establishing the design method and estimating the performance of the circuit. Measurements made on the prototypes indicate that a total harmonic distortion of better than 0.2% is readily attainable, whilst the non-saturating transistor circuit design offers considerable potential at high frequencies. The technique is readily amenable to the thick-film process with the modest spread of resistor values, and the absence of any tedious setting-up procedure makes the circuit particularly attractive to the user.
Projektorientierte Arbeitsweise im multikulturellen Management (1996)

Viele Unternehmen, die weltweit agieren, sind heute noch weit davon entfernt, auch transnationale Organisationen zu sein. Nationale Zentralen entscheiden über internationale Strategien, ausländische Tochterunternehmen setzen sie um, und das Management hat häufig — bis auf ganz wenige Ausnahmen — einen einheitlichen kulturellen Hintergrund. Die sich ändernden Spielregeln in den Weltmärkten scheinen solche Unternehmen nicht mehr lange zu tragen. Kundensegmente haben längst ihre nationalen Grenzen verloren. Immer häufiger werden Produkte und Leistungen international entwickelt und erfolgreich in verschiedenen Kulturkreisen gleichzeitig vermarktet (siehe Abbildung 1).
Application of Clustering to Analyze Academic Social Networks (2013)

Social network is a group of individuals with diverse social interactions amongst them. The network is of large scale and distributed due to involvement of more people from different parts of the globe. Quantitative analysis of networks is need of the hour due to its' rippling influence on the network dynamics and in turn the society. Clustering helps us to group people with similar characteristics to analyze the dense social networks. We have considered similarity measures for statistical analysis of social network. When a social network is represented as a graph with members as nodes and their relation as edges, graph mining would be suitable for statistical analysis. We have chosen academic social networks and clustered nodes to simplify network analysis. The ontology of research interests is considered to measure similarity between unstructured data elements extracted from profile pages of members of an academic social network.
A hybrid system for automatic fingerprint identification (2003)

A hybrid fingerprint identification system is presented in this paper. The system consists of several steps: fingerprint enhancement, minutiae extraction, texture feature extraction, fast texture matching, and minutiae matching. The proposed hybrid matching system needs fewer steps to identify individuality than traditional methods. Our approach has been tested on a reasonably large fingerprint database and the experimental results show an effective performance without matching every fingerprint in database.
Vigo 2013, un encuentro trascendental para la Abogacía, para la Justicia y para la sociedad (2013)

Vigo, un viejo, activo e importante Colegio de Abogados «de partido» acoge las VI Jornadas de Juntas de Gobierno de los Colegios de Abogados y Consejos Autonomicos, y que nos van a permitir reflexionar juntos sobre la situacion actual de nuestra profesion y de nuestros Colegios, sus problemas y sus retos y que serviran tambien para analizar los cambios normativos que se anuncian y que marcaran, sin duda, el futuro de la Abogacia y de sus Colegios.
Adaptive optics two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy of exogenous fluorophores in mice (2017)

<i>In vivo</i> cellular scale fluorescence lifetime imaging of the mouse retina has the potential to be a sensitive marker of retinal cell health. In this study, we demonstrate fluorescence lifetime imaging of extrinsic fluorophores using adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (AOFLIO). We recorded AOFLIO images of inner retinal cells labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and capillaries labeled with fluorescein. We demonstrate that AOFLIO can be used to differentiate spectrally overlapping fluorophores in the retina. With further refinements, AOFLIO could be used to assess retinal health in early stages of degeneration by utilizing lifetime-based sensors or even fluorophores native to the retina.
The use of photoplethysmography for assessing hypertension (2019)

The measurement of blood pressure (BP) is critical to the treatment and management of many medical conditions. High blood pressure is associated with many chronic disease conditions, and is a major source of mortality and morbidity around the world. For outpatient care as well as general health monitoring, there is great interest in being able to accurately and frequently measure BP outside of a clinical setting, using mobile or wearable devices. One possible solution is photoplethysmography (PPG), which is most commonly used in pulse oximetry in clinical settings for measuring oxygen saturation. PPG technology is becoming more readily available, inexpensive, convenient, and easily integrated into portable devices. Recent advances include the development of smartphones and wearable devices that collect pulse oximeter signals. In this article, we review (i) the state-of-the-art and the literature related to PPG signals collected by pulse oximeters, (ii) various theoretical approaches that have been adopted in PPG BP measurement studies, and (iii) the potential of PPG measurement devices as a wearable application. Past studies on changes in PPG signals and BP are highlighted, and the correlation between PPG signals and BP are discussed. We also review the combined use of features extracted from PPG and other physiological signals in estimating BP. Although the technology is not yet mature, it is anticipated that in the near future, accurate, continuous BP measurements may be available from mobile and wearable devices given their vast potential.
A Study on the Improvement of the Load Pressure Feedback Mechanism of the Proportional Pressure Control Valve (1997)

The proportional pressure control valve having versatile functions and higher performance is an essential conponent in the open loop controlled rear wheel steering gear of the four wheel steering system in a passenger car. In this study, the authors suggest a new type of load pressure feedback mechanism which can make it easy to change the range of controlled pressure without changing the capacity of solenoid. The concept of suggested mechanism, composed of the pressure chamber with throttles in series, was described. The mathematical model was derived from the rear wheel steering gear consisting of a valve and a cylinder for the purpose of analyzing the valve characteristics. And the programme for computing the characteristic of the valve was developed. Experiments were performed to confirm the performance of the valve and computations were carried out to ascertain the usefulness of the developed programme. The results from computations fairly coincide with those from experiments. And the results from experiments and computations show that the performance of new valve was as good as that of the already developed one and the new valve has advantages such as the easiness of changing the range of controlled pressure and the decrease of power loss at neutral position without the decline of performance.
OCR-VQA: Visual Question Answering by Reading Text in Images (2019)

The problem of answering questions about an image is popularly known as visual question answering (or VQA in short). It is a well-established problem in computer vision. However, none of the VQA methods currently utilize the text often present in the image. These "texts in images" provide additional useful cues and facilitate better understanding of the visual content. In this paper, we introduce a novel task of visual question answering by reading text in images, i.e., by optical character recognition or OCR. We refer to this problem as OCR-VQA. To facilitate a systematic way of studying this new problem, we introduce a large-scale dataset, namely OCRVQA-200K. This dataset comprises of 207,572 images of book covers and contains more than 1 million question-answer pairs about these images. We judiciously combine well-established techniques from OCR and VQA domains to present a novel baseline for OCR-VQA-200K. The experimental results and rigorous analysis demonstrate various challenges present in this dataset leaving ample scope for the future research. We are optimistic that this new task along with compiled dataset will open-up many exciting research avenues both for the document image analysis and the VQA communities.
Wireless infrared transmission: How to reach all office space (2002)

A highly robust and flexible wireless infrared ad-hoc networking concept "reach-all-space" is presented. Reliable multipoint connectivity is achieved with virtual bandwidth adaptation allowing data rate vs distance trade-offs and graceful throughput degradation under hostile channel conditions. Achievable communication cells under realistic ambient light environments are predicted analytically and verified experimentally for data rates of 125 kbps to 4 Mbps.