gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human liver sulphamate sulphohydrolase. Determinations of native protein and subunit <i>M</i>r values and influence of substrate agylcone structure on catalytic properties (1986)

Human sulphamate sulphohydrolase was purified at least 20,000-fold to homogeneity from liver with a three-step four-column procedure, which consisted of a concanavalin A-Sepharose/Blue A agarose coupled step, and Bio-Gel HT step and then a CM-Sepharose step. The procedure was also used to purify enzyme from kidney and placenta. The subunit Mr of liver, kidney and placenta sulphamate sulphohydrolase was assessed to be 56,000 by using SDS/polacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The native protein Mr of enzyme from all three tissue sources was assessed by gel-permeation chromatography to be approx. 120,000 on Sephacryl S-300 and 100,000 on Fractogel TSK. It is probable that the native enzyme results from dimerization of subunits. Kinetic parameters (km and kcat.) of human liver sulphamate sulphohydrolase were determined with a variety of substrates matching structural aspects of the physiological substrates in vivo, namely heparin and heparan sulphate. More structurally complex substrates, in which several aspects of the aglycone structure of the natural substrate were maintained, are turned over up to 372000 times faster than the monosaccharide substrate 2-sulphaminoglucosamine. Aglycone structures that influence substrate binding and/or enzyme activity were penultimate-residue C-6 carboxy and C-2 sulphate ester groups and a post-penultimate 2-sulphaminoglucosamine residue. The C-4 hydroxy group of the 2-sulphaminoglucosamine under enzymic attack is involved in binding of substrate to enzyme. The presence of C-6 sulphate ester on the non-reducing end 2-sulphaminoglucosamine stimulates sulphamate bond hydrolysis and substrate affinity if the adjacent monosaccharide residue is idose or 2-sulphoidose, but strongly inhibits hydrolysis if the adjacent monosaccharide residue is iduronic acid. Sulphamate sulphohydrolase is an exoenzyme, since activity toward internal sulphamate bonds was not detected. The effect of incubation pH on enzyme activity towards the variety of substrates evaluated was complex and dependent on substrate aglycone structure. The presence of aglycone C-2 sulphate ester and aglycone C-6 carboxy groups and C-6 sulphate ester groups on the 2-sulphaminoglucosamine residue under attack considerably affect the pH response. Structurally complex substrates had two pH optima. Incubation temperature and buffer ionic strength markedly influenced pH optima and enzyme activity. Cu2+ and SO4(2-)ions are potent inhibitors of enzyme activity.
Anonymous credentials light (2013)

We define and propose an efficient and provably secure construction of blind signatures with attributes. Prior notions of blind signatures did not yield themselves to the construction of anonymous credential systems, not even if we drop the unlinkability requirement of anonymous credentials. Our new notion in contrast is a convenient building block for anonymous credential systems. The construction we propose is efficient: it requires just a few exponentiations in a prime-order group in which the decisional Diffie-Hellman problem is hard. Thus, for the first time, we give a provably secure construction of anonymous credentials that can work in the elliptic group setting without bilinear pairings and is based on the DDH assumption. In contrast, prior provably secure constructions were based on the RSA group or on groups with pairings, which made them prohibitively inefficient for mobile devices, RFIDs and smartcards. The only prior efficient construction that could work in such elliptic curve groups, due to Brands, does not have a proof of security.
Tailoring the physicochemical and shape memory properties of the biodegradable polymer poly(glycerol dodecanoate) via curing conditions (2016)

A major challenge in the repair and regeneration of soft tissue damage occurring as a result of aging, injury, or disease is recapitulating the biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Ideally, a candidate biomaterial for soft tissue engineering applications should be biocompatible, nonlinearly elastic to match soft tissue mechanical behavior, biodegradable to enable tissue remodeling, and tailorable to achieve a range of nonlinear elastic mechanical properties to match specific soft tissues. In addition, for cardiac and other applications, the biomaterial should have shape memory characteristics to facilitate minimally invasive and/or catheter-based delivery. Poly(glycerol dodecanoate) (PGD) is a shape memory material that has nonlinear elastic properties at body temperature and elastic-plastic behavior at room temperature. In this study, we investigated the effects of curing conditions on the nonlinear elastic, shape memory, and biocompatibility properties of PGD. Increased curing and crosslinking resulted in an increase in both the initial stiffness and the nonlinear strain stiffening behavior of PGD. After shape fixation at 60% strain, 100% shape recovery was achieved within 1 min at body temperature for all conditions tested. Polymer curing had no adverse effects on the cellular biocompatibility or non-hemolytic characteristics of PGD, indicating the potential suitability of these formulations for blood-contacting device applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1618-1623, 2017.
[Preliminary study on pH-sensitive lipid bilayer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a novel drug carrier for antitumor drug]. (2013)

This study plans to prepare lipid bilayer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LMSNs) which are pH sensitive with core-shell structure to improve the tumor cell lethality of antitumor drug. The lipid coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with irinotecan (CPT-11) (CPT-11-LMSNs) were prepared by hot water-film hydration method, and the characterized its morphology, particle size and release in vitro. Meanwhile, the intracellular uptake and cell toxicity of CPT-11-LMSNs and intracellular accumulation of CPT-11 were evaluated on human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). The results indicated that the mean diameter of the spherical LMSNs was (120.27 +/- 5.91) nm. The slow release in simulated normal physiological conditions and a rapid release under simulated intracellular condition demonstrated the pH sensitivity of CPT-11-MSNs in vitro. Moreover, the CPT-11-LMSN could improve the intracellular CPT-11 cumulant 2.1 times and reduce half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of CPT-11 1.4 times compared with CPT-11-MSNs, demonstrating a stronger cell lethality.
A low-power 22-bit incremental ADC with 4 ppm INL, 2 ppm gain error and 2 &#x03BC;V DC offset (2005)

A low power 22bit incremental ADC, including an on-chip digital filter and a low noise/low drift oscillator, was realized in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process. It incorporates a novel offset cancellation scheme based on fractal sequences, a novel high accuracy gain control circuit, and a novel reduced complexity realization for the on chip sine filter. The measured output noise was 0.28 ppm (2.8 /spl mu/V/sub RMS/), the dc offset 2 /spl mu/V, the gain error 2 ppm, and the INL 4 ppm. The chip operates with a single 2.7-5 V supply, and draws only 125 /spl mu/A current during conversion.
Economy-based Content Replication for Peering Content Delivery Networks (2006)

Existing Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) exhibit the nature of closed delivery networks which do not cooperate with other CDNs and in practice, islands of CDNs are formed. The logical separation between contents and services in this context results in two content networking domains. In addition to that, meeting the Quality of Service requirements of users according to negotiated Service Level Agreement is crucial for a CDN. Present trends in content networks and content networking capabilities give rise to the interest in interconnecting content networks. Hence, in this paper, we present an open, scalable, and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)-based system that assist the creation of open Content and Service Delivery Networks (CSDNs), which scale and supports sharing of resources through peering with other CSDNs. To encourage resource sharing and peering arrangements between different CDN providers at global level, we propose using market-based models by introducing an economy-based strategy for content replication.
IXIV VMM: A VMM on 2-Level Ring Architecture (2008)

Software defects in embedded systems becomes an especially serious issue as their increased software complexity makes it difficult to throughly validate and guarantee their correctness. One of the solutions to deal with such an issue at runtime is to exploit a virtual machine monitor (VMM). While most of the currently available VMMs are constructed to run on complex CPUs, no well-known VMM runs on embedded CPUs. This is because most embedded CPUs provide only 2-level protection rings that are not sufficient to accommodate a VMM along with an operating system (OS) kernel and its user processes. This paper proposes a method to support VMMs on processor architectures with the limited number of protection rings. We implemented a VMM by using the proposed method, and successfully execute Linux as a guest OS on it. The evaluation results show the performance of the guest Linux on the VMM is reasonably efficient.
The odorant-sensitive adenylate cyclase of olfactory receptor cells. Differential stimulation by distinct classes of odorants. (1986)

We have characterized odorant-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in isolated chemosensory cilia prepared from frog and rat olfactory epithelium. Cilia from both species exhibit high levels of adenylate cyclase activity. Basal activity is stimulated approximately 2-fold by GTP and approximately 5-fold by guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate and forskolin. Odorants augment enzyme activity 30-65% above the basal level in a tissue-specific and GTP-dependent manner. Calcium reduces GTP-stimulated activity with a 50% effective concentration at 10 microM. Odorants vary in their influence upon olfactory adenylate cyclase activity. Most fruity, floral, minty, and herbaceous odorants stimulate the enzyme. 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienenitrile (citralva), menthone, D-carvone, L-carvone, and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine display similar potencies in activating the adenylate cyclase upto concentrations of 100 microM. Putrid odorants, such as isovaleric acid, triethylamine, pyridine, thiazole, and methoxypyrazine, and odorous chemical solvents, do not stimulate enzyme activity. In homologous series of pyrazine, thiazole, and pyridine odorants, compounds with the longest hydrocarbon side chains are best able to enhance enzyme activity. The failure of certain odorants to affect adenylate cyclase activity suggests that additional transduction mechanisms besides the formation of cAMP are involved in olfaction.
Phospholipase A2 inhibitors (2009)

In animal, pathological and epidemiological studies, the increased levels of these two phospholipases (i.e. PLA2s and Lp-PLA2) have been related with an increase in complex coronary lesions and increase in major cardiovascular clinical events, respectively. Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes has become the focus of research in this last decennium. Novel pharmacological inhibitors of those enzymes such as darapladib and varespladib emerge as promising therapeutical options for treating patients with coronary artery disease. Ongoing mechanistic and clinical outcome trials will further elucidate their role in this context.
Research on emergency control algorithm based on dynamic security region (2009)

Based on the dynamic security region, an optimal searching algorithm for emergency control measures was proposed. This algorithm changed the optimal point for generator tripping according to the transformation of unstable modes during the search process, which avoided the influence of negative effect problems caused by generator tripping in the transient stability control. A system with 8 generators and 32 buses was used to proof the validity of the algorithm presented.
Magnetic resonance imaging of ionic currents in solution: The effect of magnetohydrodynamic flow (2014)

These results provide experimental support for the MHD flow hypothesis. Furthermore, MHD-driven cerebrospinal fluid flow could provide a novel fMRI contrast mechanism.
BNL superconducting storage ring magnet update (1979)

This report updates the various performance data, design and specifications for the storage ring and experimental series dipole and quadrupole magnets as well as the working line and correction coil systems. The working line system includes the closed orbit dipoles, the quadrupole trim, sextupoles, octapoles, decapoles and duodecapoles. These are the magnets in the standard subunits of the Brookhaven National Laboratory Intersecting Storage Ring Accelerator "ISABELLE". There have been 14 full size single layer dipole prototypes 4.25 to 4.75 m long constructed. There have been two 1.5 m long full size quadrupoles built. A one meter double layer dipole was built in order to obtain high field > 6.0 T data. A subunit of the original 200 × 200 GeV version of the ISABELLE lattice was assembled to study systems operation. (ISABELLE now has the design goal of 400 × 400 GeV.) This subunit utilized the proposed ISABELLE form of refrigeration, namely "high pressure helium gas forced flow". The array composed of two dipoles and a quadrupole with auxiliary working line and correction coil systems was serially connected both electrically and cryogenically. One of the major design goals, that of the magnets being protected by the ability to absorb their own energy, proved to be attainable. This is accomplished without external intervention, i.e. external extraction or driving the magnets normal by an active external circuit. This simply means the magnets L/R time constants during a quench are short enough to prevent thermal damage or run away. There are two series of prototypes. The first one is the so-called "standard" which will become the ring magnets for "ISABELLE" when the machine design is frozen. The second is that in which various characteristics and/or limits of various parameters are explored. Various parameters such as maximum ramp rate and other <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\dot{B}</tex> dependent phenomena are bracketed even though the present standard parameters are workable. There has also been obtained in the last two years operational data on four large (25 cm cold aperture, 2.5 m long) pool boiling dipoles. They have been an integral part of the High Energy Unseparated Beam guiding particles to the MPS (multiparticle spectrometer) of the AGS (30 GeV alternating gradient synchrotron, ISABELLE's injector).
Survey on Coverage Path Planning with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2019)

Coverage path planning consists of finding the route which covers every point of a certain area of interest. In recent times, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been employed in several application domains involving terrain coverage, such as surveillance, smart farming, photogrammetry, disaster management, civil security, and wildfire tracking, among others. This paper aims to explore and analyze the existing studies in the literature related to the different approaches employed in coverage path planning problems, especially those using UAVs. We address simple geometric flight patterns and more complex grid-based solutions considering full and partial information about the area of interest. The surveyed coverage approaches are classified according to a classical taxonomy, such as no decomposition, exact cellular decomposition, and approximate cellular decomposition. This review also contemplates different shapes of the area of interest, such as rectangular, concave and convex polygons. The performance metrics usually applied to evaluate the success of the coverage missions are also presented.
Investigation of fast diffusing impurities in silicon by a transient ion drift method (1995)

Transient ion drift in a depletion region of a Schottky barrier has been used to investigate Cu diffusion in boron or aluminum doped silicon. It is shown that in the investigated temperature range, the Cu-boron pairing is negligible, while for the other acceptors it is well described by a Coulombic interaction. In order to test the validity of the model used to extract the diffusion coefficient, the method has been applied to the well-known Li diffusion in silicon. For both Li and Cu ions, an excellent agreement with literature diffusivity data was obtained.
Atropine 0.01% Eyedrops Significantly Reduce the Progression of Childhood Myopia (2015)

Atropine 0.01% significantly reduced the rate of myopic progression over 1 year with minimal side effects. It appears most effective in children with low initial myopia and may not control rapid myopic progression in some patients. Stronger concentrations of atropine may be required to slow rapid myopic progression.
Contrasting Effects of Potassium Addition on M3O4 (M = Co, Fe, and Mn) Oxides during Direct NO Decomposition Catalysis (2020)

While the promotional effect of potassium on Co3O4 NO decomposition catalytic performance is established in the literature, it remains unknown if K is also a promoter of NO decomposition over similar simple first-row transition metal spinels like Mn3O4 and Fe3O4. Thus, potassium was impregnated (0.9–3.0 wt.%) on Co3O4, Mn3O4, and Fe3O4 and evaluated for NO decomposition reactivity from 400–650 °C. The activity of Co3O4 was strongly dependent on the amount of potassium present, with a maximum of ~0.18 [(µmol NO to N2) g−1 s−1] at 0.9 wt.% K. Without potassium, Fe3O4 exhibited deactivation with time-on-stream due to a non-catalytic chemical reaction with NO forming α-Fe2O3 (hematite), which is inactive for NO decomposition. Potassium addition led to some stabilization of Fe3O4, however, γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) and a potassium–iron mixed oxide were also formed, and catalytic activity was only observed at 650 °C and was ~50× lower than 0.9 wt.% K on Co3O4. The addition of K to Mn3O4 led to formation of potassium–manganese mixed oxide phases, which became more prevalent after reaction and were nearly inactive for NO decomposition. Characterization of fresh and spent catalysts by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), in situ NO adsorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption techniques, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the unique potassium promotion of Co3O4 for NO decomposition arises not only from modification of the interaction of the catalyst surface with NOx (increased potassium-nitrite formation), but also from an improved ability to desorb oxygen as product O2 while maintaining the integrity and purity of the spinel phase.
Inorganic solution-processed hole-injecting and electron-blocking layers in polymer light-emitting diodes (2002)

The use of the solution-processed layered transition metal dichalcogenide (LTMDC) MoS2 as a hole-injecting electrode in polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is reported. MoS2 functions as a very high work function metal and, in combination with an electron-blocking layer in the form of MoO3, provides good LED performance. In this study we investigated model LED devices with a single semiconductor layer, namely, the electron transporting polymer poly-[2,7-(9,9′-di-n-octylfluorene)-3,6-benzothiadiazole]. LED operation was successfully modeled using experimentally determined work functions, carrier mobilities, and barrier properties. Good agreement between experiment and model allows us to demonstrate that the MoS2 and the MoO3 layers act as a high work function hole-injection layer (MoS2) and an electron extraction barrier layer (MoO3), respectively. They improve device performance by allowing the buildup of electron density at the oxide/emissive layer interface which generates a local field, enhancing hole injection and recombination. Furthermore, the model shows the importance of controlling the thickness of the blocking layer to optimize device performance. The wide variety of polymeric emitters available and the range of electronic properties displayed by the LTMDC family and their corresponding oxides, provides the potential to tailor device performance through the selection of suitable organic and inorganic components.
Exploiting Spin-Orbit Torque Devices As Reconfigurable Logic for Circuit Obfuscation (2018)

Circuit obfuscation is a frequently used approach to conceal logic functionalities in order to prevent reverse engineering attacks on fabricated chips. Efficient obfuscation implementations are expected with lower design complexity and overhead but higher attack difficulties. In this paper, an emerging obfuscation approach is proposed by leveraging spin-orbit torque (SOT) devices-based look-up-tables as reconfigurable logic to replace the carefully selected gates. It is essentially impossible to identify the obfuscated gate with SOTs inside according to the physical geometry characteristics because the configured functionalities are represented by magnetization states. Such an obfuscation approach makes the circuit security further improved with high exponential attack complexities. Experiments on MCNC and ISCAS 85/89 benchmark suits show that the proposed approach could reduce the area overheads due to obfuscation by 10% averagely.
Methodology to Match Distributions of Both Household and Person Attributes in Generation of Synthetic Populations (2009)

The advent of microsimulation approaches in travel demand modeling, wherein activity-travel patterns of individual travelers are simulated in time and space, has motivated the development of synthetic population generators. These generators typically use census-based marginal distributions on household attributes to generate joint distributions on variables of interest using standard iterative proportional fitting (IPF) procedures. Households are then randomly drawn from an available sample in accordance with the joint distribution such that household-level attributes are matched perfectly. However, these traditional procedures do not control for person-level attributes and joint distributions of personal characteristics. In this paper, a heuristic approach, called the Iterative Proportional Updating (IPU) algorithm, is presented to generate synthetic populations whereby both household-level and person-level characteristics of interest can be matched in a computationally efficient manner. The algorithm involves iteratively adjusting and reallocating weights among households of a certain type (cell in the
Electron microscopic immunocytochemical evidence for the involvement of the convertases PC1 and PC2 in the processing of proinsulin in pancreatic beta-cells. (1995)

Endoproteolytic cleavage of pairs of basic amino acids is the key mechanism in the specific processing of precursor hormone molecules. Two endoproteases, PC1 (or PC3) and PC2, have recently been implicated in the conversion of proinsulin. Using antibodies against these proteases and proinsulin, followed by protein A-gold complex, we performed an immunocytochemical study for precise identification of the subcellular compartments involved in the processing of insulin. Both PC1 and PC2 immunoreactivities followed a pattern of gradually increasing density along the secretory pathway, being higher in the immature granules. Proinsulin labeling was detected in the Golgi apparatus and in the coated immature secretory granules located mainly in the Golgi area. Using double labeling, we demonstrated the presence of PC1 and/or PC2 in the majority of proinsulin-rich granules. In addition, we provided evidence that PC1 and PC2 are co-localized within the same granules. Co-expression of PC1 and PC2 with proinsulin in islet beta-cells indicates that these proteases are actively involved, probably in a sequential manner, in the conversion of proinsulin into insulin.