gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous Decomposition Mechanisms of Diethylzinc by Raman Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations (2008)

The gas-phase decomposition pathways of diethylzinc (DEZn), a common precursor for deposition of Zn-VI compounds, were investigated in detail. The homogeneous thermal decomposition of DEZn in N2 carrier was followed in an impinging-jet, up-flow reactor by Raman scattering. Density Functional Theory calculations were performed to describe the bond dissociation behavior using the model chemistry B3LYP/6-311G(d) to estimate optimal geometries and Raman active vibrational frequencies of DEZn, as well as anticipated intermediates and products. Comparison of the measured DEZn decomposition profile to that predicted by a 2-D hydrodynamic simulation revealed that simple bond dissociation between zinc and carbon atoms is the dominant homogeneous thermal decomposition pathway. The calculations suggest several reactions involving intermediates and Raman scattering experiments confirming the formation of the dimer (ZnC2H5)2. In a different set of experiments, photolysis of DEZn gave evidence for decomposition by beta-hydride elimination. The results suggest that beta-hydride elimination is a minor pathway for the gas-phase homogeneous pyrolysis of diethylzinc. A reasonable transition state during beta-hydride elimination was identified, and the calculated energies and thermodynamic properties support the likelihood of these reaction steps.
Blood pressure and diving (1986)

Summary It is generally recommended that individuals should not commence diving training or continue with diving if their arterial blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mmHg. This current standard is reviewed with particular reference to factors in diving which might influence blood pressure. Epidemiological evidence indicates that individuals with a blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg have an increased mortality and morbidity and justifies the existing standard for entry to diving. Diving does not appear to unduly stress individuals who have borderline hypertension (defined as an arterial blood pressure between 140/90 mmHg and 159/94 mmHg) and there is no indication that these individuals experience an excessive rise in blood pressure when exposed to the diving environment or increased workloads. Individuals with a blood pressure between 140/90 mmHg and 150/95 mmHg have a slightly increased risk of experiencing cardiovascular illness but this risk is considered acceptable when considering the diving future of an experienced diver. It is important to exclude associated cardiovascular illness and these individuals should not be using medication which will compromise their maximal cardiovascular response.
Tandem Suzuki Coupling−Norbornadiene Insertion Reactions. A Convenient Route to 5,6-Diarylnorbornene Compounds (2002)

This paper presents optimization studies on a palladium-catalyzed tandem norbornadiene insertion-Suzuki coupling reaction, which provides a one-pot procedure for the formation of diarylnorbornene derivatives. This procedure allows for the synthesis of these compounds from readily available aryl halides, arylboronic acids, and substituted norbornadienes.
Holistic characterization of single-hepatocyte transcriptome responses to high-fat diet (2020)

During nutritional overload and obesity, hepatocyte function is grossly altered, and a subset of hepatocytes begins to accumulate fat droplets, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent single-cell studies revealed how nonparenchymal cells, such as macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells, heterogeneously respond to NAFLD. However, it remains to be characterized how hepatocytes, the major constituents of the liver, respond to nutritional overload in NAFLD. Here, using droplet-based, single-cell RNA sequencing (Drop-seq), we characterized how the transcriptomic landscape of individual hepatocytes is altered in response to high-fat diet (HFD) and NAFLD. We showed that the entire hepatocyte population undergoes substantial transcriptome changes upon HFD, although the patterns of alteration were highly heterogeneous, with zonation-dependent and -independent effects. Periportal (zone 1) hepatocytes downregulated many zone 1-specific marker genes, whereas a small number of genes mediating gluconeogenesis were upregulated. Pericentral (zone 3) hepatocytes also downregulated many zone 3-specific genes; however, they upregulated several genes that promote HFD-induced fat droplet formation, consistent with findings that zone 3 hepatocytes accumulate more lipid droplets. Zone 3 hepatocytes also upregulated ketogenic pathways as an adaptive mechanism to HFD. Interestingly, many of the top HFD-induced genes, which encode proteins regulating lipid metabolism, were strongly co-expressed with each other in a subset of hepatocytes, producing a variegated pattern of spatial co-localization that is independent of metabolic zonation. In conclusion, our data set provides a useful resource for understanding hepatocellular alteration during NAFLD at single cell level.
Baclofen treatment in Tourette syndrome (2001)

Children with TS may benefit from treatment with baclofen, although improvements may be related to factors other than tics. Larger studies directly comparing baclofen against other tic-suppressing agents are recommended.
Innate immune mediator, Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP), is expressed and pro-tumorigenic in pancreatic cancer (2022)

Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually an incurable malignancy that needs newer therapeutic targets. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is an innate immune mediator that regulates activation of pro-inflammatory and mitogenic signaling pathways. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays demonstrated expression of IL1RAP in majority of human PDAC specimens and in murine pancreatic tumors from K-Ras<sup>G122D</sup>/p53<sup>R172H</sup>/PDXCre (KPC) mice. Single cell RNA-Seq analysis of human primary pre-neoplastic lesions and adenocarcinoma specimens indicated that overexpression occurs during carcinogenesis. IL1RAP overexpression was associated with worse overall survival. IL1RAP knockdown significantly reduced cell viability, invasiveness, and clonogenic growth in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Inhibition of the downstream interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) using two pharmacologic inhibitors, CA-4948 and PF06650833, resulted in reduced growth in pancreatic cancer cell lines and in xenograft models.
Determination of Unknown Bridge Foundation Depths with NDE Methods (2002)

This paper discusses the results of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) project 21-5 and 21-5(2) sponsored research on nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods for determination of unknown bridge foundation depths. Surface and borehole NDE methods are reviewed along with a discussion of the limitations and accuracy of the NDE techniques. The NDE methods found to be applicable to unknown foundation depth determination were the borehole methods of Parallel Seismic, Induction Field, and Ground Penetrating Radar, and the surface methods of Ultraseismic, Sonic Echo/Impulse Response, Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves, and Bending Waves methods. The research further found that the Parallel Seismic and Ultraseismic were the most accurate and broadly applicable borehole and surface methods and these are discussed in detail herein.
Highly Uniform Trilayer Molybdenum Disulfide for Wafer‐Scale Device Fabrication (2014)

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is a layered semiconducting material with a tunable bandgap that is promising for the next generation nanoelectronics as a substitute for graphene or silicon. Despite recent progress, the synthesis of high‐quality and highly uniform MoS 2 on a large scale is still a challenge. In this work, a temperature‐dependent synthesis study of large‐area MoS 2 by direct sulfurization of evaporated Mo thin films on SiO 2 is presented. A variety of physical characterization techniques is employed to investigate the structural quality of the material. The film quality is shown to be similar to geological MoS 2 , if synthesized at sufficiently high temperatures (1050 °C). In addition, a highly uniform growth of trilayer MoS 2 with an unprecedented uniformity of ±0.07 nm over a large area (> 10 cm 2 ) is achieved. These films are used to fabricate field‐effect transistors following a straightforward wafer‐scale UV lithography process. The intrinsic field‐effect mobility is estimated to be about cm 2 V –1 s –1 and compared to previous studies. These results represent a significant step towards application of MoS 2 in nanoelectronics and sensing.
1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-<scp>d</scp>-sorbitol (DBS) and its derivatives – efficient, versatile and industrially-relevant low-molecular-weight gelators with over 100 years of history and a bright future (2015)

Dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) has been a well-known low-molecular-weight gelator of organic solvents for over 100 years. As such, it constitutes a very early example of a supramolecular gel--a research field which has recently developed into one of intense interest. The ability of DBS to self-assemble into sample-spanning networks in numerous solvents is predicated upon its 'butterfly-like' structure, whereby the benzylidene groups constitute the 'wings' and the sorbitol backbone the 'body'--the two parts representing the molecular recognition motifs underpinning its gelation mechanism, with the nature of solvent playing a key role in controlling the precise assembly mode. This gelator has found widespread applications in areas as diverse as personal care products and polymer nucleation/clarification, and has considerable potential in applications such as dental composites, energy technology and liquid crystalline materials. Some derivatives of DBS have also been reported which offer the potential to expand the scope and range of applications of this family of gelators and endow the nansocale network with additional functionality. This review aims to explain current trends in DBS research, and provide insight into how by combining a long history of application, with modern methods of derivatisation and analysis, the future for this family of gelators is bright, with an increasing number of high-tech applications, from environmental remediation to tissue engineering, being within reach.
<i>N</i>-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline reduces cardiac collagen cross-linking and inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats (2013)

We have reported previously that Ac-SDKP (N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline) reduces fibrosis and inflammation (in macrophages and mast cells). However, it is not known whether Ac-SDKP decreases collagen cross-linking and lymphocyte infiltration; lymphocytes modulate both collagen cross-linking and ECM (extracellular matrix) formation in hypertension. Thus we hypothesized that (i) in AngII (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension, Ac-SDKP prevents increases in cross-linked and total collagen by down-regulating LOX (lysyl oxidase), the enzyme responsible for cross-linking, and (ii) these effects are associated with decreased pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) and the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration. We induced hypertension in rats by infusing AngII either alone or combined with Ac-SDKP for 3 weeks. Whereas Ac-SDKP failed to lower BP (blood pressure) or LV (left ventricular) hypertrophy, it did prevent AngII-induced increases in (i) cross-linked and total collagen, (ii) LOX mRNA expression and LOXL1 (LOX-like 1) protein, (iii) TGFβ expression, (iv) nuclear translocation of NF-κB, (v) CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration, and (vi) CD68+ macrophages infiltration. In addition, we found a positive correlation between CD4+ infiltration and LOXL1 expression. In conclusion, the effect of Ac-SDKP on collagen cross-linking and total collagen may be due to reduced TGFβ1, LOXL1, and lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration, and its effect on inflammation could be due to lower NF-κB.
The Search for Dietary Supplements to Elevate or Activate Circulating Paraoxonases (2017)

Low levels of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) have been associated with the development of several pathological conditions, whereas high levels have been shown to be anti-atherosclerotic in mouse models. These findings suggest that PON1 could be a good surrogate biomarker. The other members of the family, namely PON2 and PON3, the role of which has been much less studied, deserve more attention. This paper provides a systematic review of current evidence concerning dietary supplements in that regard. Preliminary studies indicate that the response to dietary supplements may have a nutrigenetic aspect that will need to be considered in large population studies or in clinical trials. A wide range of plant preparations have been found to have a positive action, with pomegranate and some of its components being the best characterized and <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> one of the most active. Flavonoids are found in the composition of all active extracts, with catechins and genistein being the most promising agents for increasing PON1 activity. However, some caveats regarding the dose, length of treatment, bioavailability, and stability of these compounds in formulations still need to be addressed. Once these issues have been resolved, these compounds could be included as nutraceuticals and functional foods capable of increasing PON1 activity, thereby helping with the long-term prevention of atherosclerosis and other chronic ailments.
Remote sensing for nitrogen management (2002)

Nitrogen application often dramatically increases crop yields, but N needs vary spatially across fields and landscapes. Remote sensing collects spatially dense information that may contribute to, or provide feedback about, N management decisions. There is potential to accurately predict N fertilizer need at each point in the field. This would reduce surplus N in the crop production system without reducing crop yield, which would in turn reduce N losses to surface and ground waters. Soil spectral properties (color) are related to soil organic matter and soil moisture levels, factors that influence the N-supplying ability of the soil. Plant spectral properties reflect crop N status and soil N availability, and they can be useful for directing in- season variable-rate N applications. Plant color may also be useful for assessing the adequacy of crop nitrogen supply achieved with a given nitrogen management practice. We outline the current status of these approaches, offer examples, discuss several N management contexts in which these approaches might be used, and consider possible future directions for this technology.
Query Caching and Optimization in Mediator Systems (1995)

Query processing and optimization in mediator systems that access distributed non-proprietary sources pose many novel problems. Cost-based query optimization is hard because the mediator does not have access to source statistics information and furthermore it may not be easy to model the source's performance. At the same time, querying remote sources may be very expensive because of high connection overhead, high computation time, financial charges, and temporary unavailability. We propose a cost-based optimization technique that caches statistics of actual calls to the sources and consequently estimates the cost of the possible execution plans based on the statistics cache. We investigate issues pertaining to the design of the statistics cache and experimentally analyze various tradeoffs. We also present a query result caching mechanism that allows us to effectively use results of prior queries when the source is not readily available. We employ the novel invariants mechanism, which shows how semantic information about data sources may be used to discover cached query results of interest
Boron-carbide-aluminum and boron-carbide-reactive metal cermets (2023)

Hard, tough, lightweight boron-carbide-reactive metal composites, particularly boron-carbide-aluminum composites, are produced. These composites have compositions with a plurality of phases. A method is provided, including the steps of wetting and reacting the starting materials, by which the microstructures in the resulting composites can be controllably selected. Starting compositions, reaction temperatures, reaction times, and reaction atmospheres are parameters for controlling the process and resulting compositions. The ceramic phases are homogeneously distributed in the metal phases and adhesive forces at ceramic-metal interfaces are maximized. An initial consolidation step is used to achieve fully dense composites. Microstructures of boron-carbide-aluminum cermets have been produced with modulus of rupture exceeding 110 ksi and fracture toughness exceeding 12 ksi.sqroot.in. These composites and methods can be used to form a variety of structural elements.
Phylogenetic relationship of Podocopida （Ostracoda： Podocopa） based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences (2006)

从 11 ostracodes 的 18S rDNA 的核苷酸序列，代表四亚目和 podocopidan 的六个总科，是坚定的。种系发生的关系基于三种方法被分析(最大可能性，最大吝啬，加入 andneighbor ) ，并且获得的三拓扑学是基本上类似的。结果证明了(1 ) 单音的门的 Podocopida 强烈被支持；(2 ) 四亚目的种系发生的关系是(Darwinulocopina 加(Bairdiocopina 加(Cytherocopina 正 Cypridocopina ))) ，它显示了那在 Cytherocopina 和 Cypridocopina 之间的一种靠近的关系， andDarwinulocopina 与主要 podocopinan 早分开了；(3 ) Cypridocopinan 形成了 amonophyletic 组，三个总科的种系发生的关系在之中是(Cypridoidea 加(Macrocypridoidea 正 Pontocypridoidea )) 。
Immunochromatography of fusarochromanone mycotoxins. (1991)

The present paper describes an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) used in combination with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for determination of fusarochromanone (TDP) mycotoxins in barley, wheat, and a Fusarium culture grown in rice and corn. The mycotoxins were first extracted from the sample with 100% methanol and subjected to TLC or LC without additional cleanup treatment. Individual fractions eluted from TLC or LC were acetylated, then analyzed by ELISA. Determinations of TDP toxins at levels as low as 0.1 and 0.5 ng were achieved by ELISA in combination with LC and TLC, respectively. The detection limit for TDP-1 in barley and wheat was about 20 ppb by ELISA alone as compared with a detection limit of 5 ppb by a combination of ELISA with either TLC or LC. Overall analytical recovery (% of added) of TDP-1 added to barley and wheat at 5, 10, and 20 ppb of TDP-1 was 106.9 +/- 15.3 and 113.2 +/- 11.6 by LC-ELISA and 108.8 +/- 9.1 and 110.4 +/- 4.9 by TLC-ELISA, respectively. Analysis of extracts obtained from Fusarium equiseti R6137 grown in corn and rice by the combination of TLC and ELISA revealed that diacetyl-TDP was also produced by this fungus in addition to TDP-1 and TDP-2. Comparable results were obtained when fungal extracts were subjected to ELISA, LC, and immunochromatography (i.e., combination of ELISA with either TLC or LC).
Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Environments (1989)

CSILE, which stands for Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Environments, is an educational knowledge media system. CSILE allows information in several media (text, drawings, graphs, timelines, etc.) to be entered into a common database where it is available to be retrieved, linked, commented on, rated, and so forth. The environments and operations of CSILE are designed to support students in more purposeful and mature, or intentional, processing of information. In this article eleven principles, based on recent cognitive research, are suggested for designing computer environments that support intentional learning. These principles include making knowledge-construction activities overt, maintaining attention to learning goals as opposed to other goals of an activity, providing process-relevant feedback, and giving students responsibility for contributing to each other's learning. Applications of these principles in CSILE are described, as well as observations from the first year of school try-out.
Crystal structure of a hydrophobic 19-residue peptide helix containing three centrally located <scp>d</scp> amino acids (2003)

The design of the synthetic 19-residue peptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu5-Aib-Val-D-Ala-d-Leu-Leu10-Val-Phe-Val-Aib-D-Val15-Leu-Phe-Val-Val-OMe (Aib, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid; OMe, methyl ester) was intended to produce a crystalline peptide with independent helical and hairpin domains. The design was partially based on an octapeptide with the same sequence as residues 11-18 above, which was shown to fold into a beta-hairpin in the crystal. However, the crystal structure of the present peptide provided a surprising result. The conformation is the longest characterized right-handed alpha-helix, with as many as three internal d residues in the sequence. The completely helical structure was also unexpected, because beta-branched residues such as Val have a low propensity for helix formation in proteins. The helical peptides in the present structure assemble to form hydrophobic channels that accommodate five toluene molecules per peptide along the length of the channel. The structural results illustrate the similarity in energetics between helical and beta-hairpin conformations for peptides containing Aib residues. The crystallographic parameters for C107H179N19O22.3H2O.2.5 toluenes are: space group C2, a = 34.679(3) A, b = 12.866(1) A, c = 31.915(3) A, beta = 96.511(8) degrees, V = 14,148 A3, Z = 4, dcalc = 1.099 g/cm3, and agreement factor R1 = 10.2%.
Esterel and Jazz: Two Synchronous Languages for Circuit Design (Abstract) (1999)

In the title compound, C(8)H(6)Br(3)NO, the N-H bond is anti to the carbonyl bond in the side chain. The N-H hydrogen atom is involved in a two-centered bond as it shows simultaneous N-H⋯Br intra- and N-H⋯O inter-molecular inter-actions in the structure. In the crystal, mol-ecules are packed into column-like chains along the b axis through the N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
InGaAsP photodiodes (1983)

InGaAsP photodiodes are finding wide applications in long wavelength fiber-optical communication systems. Particular requirements that these detectors must satisfy include low capacitance, high speed, and low noise capabilities. High-purity InGaAsP materials are necessary to meet these requirements. Low-noise detectors also require low reverse dark current. For avalanche diode applications, the electron and hole impact ionization coefficients are important parameters. In this paper we review recent work including LPE growth of high-purity InP and InGaAs, studies of the tunneling component of the dark current, and measurements of the impact ionization coefficients and excess noise factor in InGaAsP photodiodes.