gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High affinity C10-Oeq ester derivatives of ryanodine. Activator-selective agonists of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel. (1994)

The plant alkaloids ryanodine and dehydroryanodine are specific and potent modulators of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel. In the present study, acidic, basic, and neutral side chains esters of these diterpene compounds were prepared and their pharmacologic activities were assessed. Binding affinities of the novel C10-Oeq ester derivatives for the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel were evaluated with sarcoplasmic reticular vesicles prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle. Kd values of the derivatives varied 500-fold, ranging from 0.5 to 244 nM. In comparison, Kd values for ryanodine and dehydroryanodine were 4.4 nM and 5.4 nM, respectively. Basic substituents at the C10-Oeq side chain terminus produced the highest affinity derivatives (Kd values from 0.5 to 1.3 nM). Neutral and/or hydrophobic side chain derivatives exhibited intermediate affinities for the high affinity ryanodine receptor site (Kd values from 2.5 to 39 nM), whereas a derivative with a terminal acidic group had the lowest affinity (Kd value > 100 nM). Certain of the higher affinity C10-Oeq derivatives were evaluated more extensively for their pharmacologic activity on the sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ release channel. Both channel activating (opening) and deactivating (closing) actions were assessed from the ability of the ryanoids to alter Ca2+ efflux rates from skeletal junctional sarcoplasmic reticular vesicles that had been passively loaded with Ca2+. The natural Ryania secondary metabolites ryanodine, dehydroryanodine and esters E and F, all exhibit antithetical concentration-effect curves, indicating both activator and deactivator actions. In contrast, the semi-synthetic C10-Oeq esters selectively activate the Ca2+ release channel. Half-maximal concentrations for such activation (EC50 act) ranged from 0.87 microM to 4.2 microM, compared with an EC50 act of 1.3 microM for ryanodine. These derivatives were also evaluated for their ability to augment ATP-dependent CA2+ accumulation by cardiac junctional sarcoplasmic reticular vesicles, an effect that results from deactivation of the Ca2+ release channels. None of the derivatives tested was able to significantly augment Ca2+ accumulation, further substantiating their inability to deactivate the sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ release channel. Additionally, these derivatives functionally antagonized the action of ryanodine to close the Ca2+ release channel. The results presented demonstrate that these C10-Oeq ester derivatives of ryanodine and dehydroryanodine bind specifically to the SR Ca2+ release channel, selectively activate the channel, and, although they fail to effect channel closure, they nevertheless functionally compete with ryanodine at its low affinity (deactivator) site(s).
Method for dissolving plutonium oxide with HI and separating plutonium. [DOE patent] (1979)

PuO/sub 2/-containing solids, particularly residues from incomplete HNO/sub 3/ dissolution of irradiated nuclear fuels were dissolved in aqueous HI. The resulting solution was evaporateed to dryness and the solids were dissolved in HNO/sub 3/ for further chemical reprocessing. Alternatively, the HI solution containing dissolved Pu values, can be contacted with a cation exchange resin causing the Pu values to load the resin. The Pu values were selectively eluted from the resin with more concentrated HI.
Scanning thermal microscopy: Subsurface imaging, thermal mapping of polymer blends, and localized calorimetry (1996)

We have used a platinum/10% rhodium resistance thermal probe to image variations in thermal conductivity or diffusivity at micron resolution and to perform localized calorimetry. The probe is used as an active device that acts both as a highly localized heat source and detector; by generating and detecting evanescent temperature waves, we may control the maximum depth of sample that is imaged. Earlier work has shown that subsurface images of metal particles buried in a polymer matrix are consistent with computer simulations of heat flows and temperature profiles, predicting that a 1 μm radius probe in air will give a lateral resolution of ∼200 nm near the surface, with a depth detection of a few μm. We have a special interest in polymer blends, and we present zero-frequency mode and temperature-modulation mode thermal images of some immiscible blends in which the image contrast arises from differences in thermal conductivity/diffusivity between single polymer domains. The behavior of domains is observed in real time as the blends are subjected to a slow temperature rise. We have also achieved localized differential thermal analysis of a number of polymers, and recorded events such as glass transitions, meltings, recrystallizations, and thermal decomposition within volumes of material estimated at a few μm3. This opens the way forward towards calorimetric imaging, by which it should be possible to distinguish between different regions undergoing either reversible or irreversible changes as the temperature is varied.
Laser ablation based bioimaging with simultaneous elemental and molecular mass spectrometry: towards spatially resolved speciation analysis (2013)

The first simultaneous elemental and molecular MS imaging approach based on laser ablation sampling was introduced for spatially resolved speciation analysis. The combination of the advantages of LA-ICP-MS such as low detection limits and high spatial resolution with information on the chemical identity promises not only localization of metals, but also identification of metal species in biological samples. Therefore, this novel technique opens up new possibilities to address complex challenges in life science research.
The PS/PDI: A high accuracy development tool for diffraction limited short-wavelength optics (2000)

The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) was developed and implemented at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to meet the significant measurement challenge of characterizing EUV projection lithography optics. The PS/PDI has been in continuous use and under ongoing development since 1996. This unique and flexible tool is applicable to any imaging system with real conjugate points, including Schwarschild objectives, Fresnel zone plates, and Kirkpatrick-Baez systems. Here we describe recent improvements made to the interferometer, and we summarize metrology results from state-of-the-art 10×-reduction EUV Schwarschild objective.
Low complexity encoding of regular low density parity check codes (2003)

We consider in this paper the encoding problem for low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. We investigate an efficient encoding approach for LDPC code. The straightforward the existing encoding scheme for LDPC code usually incurs too high complexity and should be changed to encoding scheme with low complexity. However, little consideration has been given to the LDPC encoder VLSI implementation. We consider low complexity encoding of regular LDPC code, and we propose a pivoting and bit-reverse (PABR) algorithm to rapidly construct parity-check matrix for regular LDPC code. The code have sparse parity-check matrix. They are designed to perform well when iteratively decoded with the sum-product decoding algorithm and to allow low complexity encoding. Performance is superior to that of cyclic regular LDPC code can be achieved. We show approach to implementing LDPC encoder using PABR algorithm. This paper then describes FPGA implementation of regular LDPC encoder on hardware platform for 4th mobile communication system.
Anisotropic Metamaterials Emulated by Tapered Waveguides: Application to Optical Cloaking (2009)

We demonstrate that metamaterial devices requiring anisotropic dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability may be emulated by specially designed tapered waveguides. This approach leads to low-loss, broadband performance. Based on this technique, we demonstrate broadband electromagnetic cloaking in the visible frequency range on a scale approximately 100 times larger than the wavelength.
Effects of chemical compositions and microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weld metal in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environment (2015)

The effect of chemical compositions and microstructures on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weld metals in high-pressure hydrogen gas was surveyed by using the slow strain rate test (SSRT). As a result, hydrogen embrittlement of the weld metal was hardly influenced by δ ferrite in the weld metal, but by stability of austenite phase, which was estimated by Md30 value or Ni equivalent. In the weld metal with poor stability of austenite, α′-martensite was formed near a crack induced by SSRT. In addition, although the crystal structure of α′-martensite is as same as δ ferrite, susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement became higher with the increase in α′-martensite. The mechanism to explain the difference between δ ferrite and α′-martensite was considered as following. The hardness, which increases the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in bcc structure, is higher in α′-martensite than in δ ferrite. In addition, α′-martensite might be formed continuously with propagation of a crack. Therefore, the effect of α′-martensite on hydrogen embrittlement could be larger compared with δ ferrite.
Impact of Redox-Active Polymer Molecular Weight on the Electrochemical Properties and Transport Across Porous Separators in Nonaqueous Solvents (2014)

Enhancing the ionic conductivity across the electrolyte separator in nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) is essential for improving their performance and enabling their widespread utilization. Separating redox-active species by size exclusion without greatly impeding the transport of supporting electrolyte is a potentially powerful alternative to the use of poorly performing ion-exchange membranes. However, this strategy has not been explored possibly due to the lack of suitable redox-active species that are easily varied in size, remain highly soluble, and exhibit good electrochemical properties. Here we report the synthesis, electrochemical characterization, and transport properties of redox-active poly(vinylbenzyl ethylviologen) (RAPs) with molecular weights between 21 and 318 kDa. The RAPs reported here show very good solubility (up to at least 2.0 M) in acetonitrile and propylene carbonate. Ultramicroelectrode voltammetry reveals facile electron transfer with E1/2 ∼ -0.7 V vs Ag/Ag(+)(0.1 M) for the viologen 2+/+ reduction at concentrations as high as 1.0 M in acetonitrile. Controlled potential bulk electrolysis indicates that 94-99% of the nominal charge on different RAPs is accessible and that the electrolysis products are stable upon cycling. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on molecular weight suggests the adequacy of the Stokes-Einstein formalism to describe RAPs. The size-selective transport properties of LiBF4 and RAPs across commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) separators such as Celgard 2400 and Celgard 2325 were tested. COTS porous separators show ca. 70 times higher selectivity for charge balancing ions (Li(+)BF4(-)) compared to high molecular weight RAPs. RAPs rejection across these separators showed a strong dependence on polymer molecular weight as well as the pore size; the rejection increased with both increasing polymer molecular weight and reduction in pore size. Significant rejection was observed even for rpoly/rpore (polymer solvodynamic size relative to pore size) values as low as 0.3. The high concentration attainable (>2.0 M) for RAPs in common nonaqueous battery solvents, their electrochemical and chemical reversibility, and their hindered transport across porous separators make them attractive materials for nonaqueous redox flow batteries based on the enabling concept of size-selectivity.
Engineering Immunological Tolerance Using Quantum Dots to Tune the Density of Self‐Antigen Display (2017)

Treatments for autoimmunity - diseases where the immune system mistakenly attacks self-molecules - are not curative and leave patients immunocompromised. New studies aimed at more specific treatments reveal development of inflammation or tolerance is influenced by the form self-antigens are presented. Using a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we show for the first time that quantum dots (QDs) can be used to generate immunological tolerance by controlling the density of self-antigen on QDs. These assemblies display dense arrangements of myelin self-peptide associated with disease in MS, are uniform in size (<20 nm), and allow direct visualization in immune tissues. Peptide-QDs rapidly concentrate in draining lymph nodes, co-localizing with macrophages expressing scavenger receptors involved in tolerance. Treatment with peptide-QDs reduces disease incidence 10-fold. Strikingly, the degree of tolerance - and the underlying expansion of regulatory T cells - correlates with the density of myelin molecules presented on QDs. A key discovery is that higher numbers of tolerogenic particles displaying lower levels of self-peptide are more effective for inducing tolerance than fewer particles each displaying higher densities of peptide. QDs conjugated with self-antigens could serve as a new platform to induce tolerance, while visualizing QD therapeutics in tolerogenic tissue domains.
Crystallographic Wet Chemical Etching of p-Type GaN (2000)

We demonstrate crystallographic wet chemical etching of p‐type GaN with etch rates as high as 1.2 μm/min. Etchants used include molten KOH, KOH dissolved in ethylene glycol, aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and phosphoric acid at temperatures ranging from 90 to 260°C. The observed crystallographic p‐GaN etch planes are (0001), , and The etch rates follow an Arrhenius characteristic with activation energies varying from 21 kcal/mol for KOH‐based solutions to 33 kcal/mol for The etch rate and crystallographic nature for the various etching solutions are independent of conductivity, as shown by seamless etching of a p‐GaN/undoped, high‐resistivity GaN homojunction and by comparison of the etch rates of p‐GaN with n‐GaN. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The C10/CCL6 Chemokine and CCR1 Play Critical Roles in the Pathogenesis of IL-13-Induced Inflammation and Remodeling (2004)

IL-13 is a potent stimulator of inflammation and tissue remodeling that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human disorders. To further understand these responses, studies were undertaken to define the role(s) of the chemokine C10/CCL6 in the pathogenesis of IL-13-induced alterations in the murine lung. IL-13 was a very potent stimulator of C10/CCL6 mRNA and protein, and IL-13-induced inflammation, alveolar remodeling, and compliance alterations were markedly ameliorated after C10/CCL6 neutralization. Treatment with anti-C10/CCL6 decreased the levels of mRNA encoding matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) in lungs from wild-type mice. C10/CCL6 neutralization also decreased the ability of IL-13 to stimulate the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, MMP-2, MMP-9, and cathepsins-K, -L, and -S and the ability of IL-13 to inhibit alpha1-antitrypsin. In accord with these findings, a targeted null mutation of CCR1, a putative C10/CCL6 receptor, also decreased IL-13-induced inflammation and alveolar remodeling and caused alterations in chemokines, proteases, and antiproteases comparable to those seen after C10/CCL6 neutralization. These C10/CCL6 and CCR1 manipulations did not alter the production of transgenic IL-13. These studies demonstrate that IL-13 is a potent stimulator of C10/CCL6 and highlight the importance of C10/CCL6 and signaling via CCR1 in the pathogenesis of the IL-13-induced pulmonary phenotype. They also describe a C10/CCL6 target gene cascade in which C10/CCL6 induction is required for optimal IL-13 stimulation of selected chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and MIP-1alpha) and proteases (MMP-2, MMP-9, and cathepsins-K, -L, and -S) and the inhibition of alpha1-antitrypsin.
Observation of high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> one dimensional superconductivity in 4 angstrom carbon nanotube arrays (2017)

The only known approach to fabricate large, uniform arrays of 4-Å single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is by using zeolite crystals as the template, in which the nanotubes are formed by chemical vapor deposition inside the linear channels of the AlPO4-5 (AFI for short) zeolite. However, up to now the pore filling factor has been very low, as evidenced by the weight percentage of carbon in thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements. In this work, we show that by using a new, micro-platelet AFI crystals as the template, combined with the use of a new CVD process, we can increase the TGA result to 22.5wt%, which translates to a pore filling factor of 91%. We have observed one dimensional (1D) superconductivity in such samples. The temperature dependence of resistance shows a smooth decreasing trend below 60 K, and the differential resistance displays a gap that disappears above the 1D superconducting initiation temperature. The observed behaviour is shown to agree very well with the theoretical predictions of 1D superconductivity.
Improving 3D registration by upsampling of sparse point cloud through fusion with high-resolution 2D image (2017)

This paper describes a 3D point cloud upsampling method using the fusion of 2D (e.g., EO, electro-optical) and 3D (e.g., LIDAR, light detection and ranging) sensors, that can improve the performance of 3D registration of the input point cloud with a known 3D model. In this method, a denser 3D point cloud is generated by using the corresponding EO pixel intensity values in the upsampling process. In order to increase the upsampling accuracy based on the scene complexity of a local surface area, the EO pixel entropy of the local area is used. Depending on the local entropy values (low, medium, and high), we apply different upsampling procedures (mean upsampling, full upsampling, and no upsampling respectively). By using the proposed method of upsampling, missing holes in the point cloud are filled in and the overall point density is increased, which results in improved accuracy in 3D registration of the input point cloud with its known 3D model.
Cascadable thyristor optoelectronic switch operating at 50 Mbit/sec with 7.2 femtoJoule external optical input energy (1995)

Most optoelectronic switches are characterized by a trade-off between the optical input sensitivity, the operation frequency and the area on chip. Fast operation usually occurs at the expense of sensitivity, or else requires considerable chip area for fast amplification in several stages of the input signal. It has recently been shown that specially designed optical thyristors, called depleted thyristors, are not subject to this trade-off [1], The thyristor layer structure must be conceived such that the device can be depleted of carriers by a negative anode-to-cathode voltage pulse. Such structure has intrinsically high speed capabilities, which can be combined with extreme optical input sensitivity by using differential pairs of thyristors instead of single thyristors [2]. The differential pair (Fig. 1) consists of two thyristors A and B connected in parallel, which have a common series resistance R c [3]. When thyristor A is on and thyristor B is off, the differential switch is in the "1" state; with A off and B on the switch is in the "0" state. The thyristor in the on-state emits light. This allows cascaded operation using the same type of optical thyristor pair both for the emitting and the receiving side of optical interconnects, or for optical computing.
Abstract 4971: WBP2: A novel phospho-oncoprotein in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (2010)

Abstract WBP2 (WW-domain Binding Protein 2) was first implicated in breast cancer through our previous phosphoproteomics screen on the MCF10AT xenograft-derived isogenic cell line model of human breast cancer progression, where WBP2 was found to be differentially phosphorylated during breast cancer development. We had also shown it to be an authentic tyrosine phosphorylation target of EGFR signaling. In a follow up study, we found that WBP2 expression was low or undetectable in normal breast epithelial cells but overexpressed in breast cancer progression model as well as multiple breast cancer cells of various subtypes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the oncogenic role of WBP2 in the growth and progression of human breast cancer through its protein overexpression and tyrosine phosphorylation. We first mapped the EGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation sites on WBP2 and identified a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases as the putative upstream kinase of WBP2. Next, we found that Estrogen (E2) stimulation could similarly induce tyrosine phosphorylation of WBP2 via a crosstalk between EGFR and ER pathways. Subcellular fractionation study revealed a phosphorylation-dependent nuclear entry of WBP2 upon E2 or EGF stimulation. Consistent with the reported role of WBP2 as a coactivator for nuclear hormone receptor (ERα/PR), abrogation of tyrosine phosphorylation on WBP2 significantly impaired the E2-induced ER transactivation through reduced E2/EGF-stimulated nuclear entry of WBP2 and in vivo E2-dependent WBP2-ER interaction. Stable overexpression of wild type and phospho-mimic mutant of WBP2 in ER-positive MCF7 breast cancer cell enhanced its cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, cell migration and cell invasion in the E2-independent and/or E2-dependent manner. These cellular processes could be inhibited, at least in part, by the phosphorylation-defective mutant of WBP2. Potential mechanisms of WBP2-mediated oncogenic transformation will be presented. Collectively, our findings have uncovered the potential of WBP2 as a novel phospho-oncoprotein in ER+ breast cancer. It is conceivable that WBP2 and/or its tyrosine phosphorylated form could serve as a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target for human breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4971.