gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart Cart with Automatic Billing, Product Information, Product Recommendation Using RFID & Zigbee with Anti-Theft (2016)

A supermarket is a place where customers come to purchase their daily using products and pay for that. So there is a need to calculate how many products sold and generate the bill for the customer. When we go to shopping mart for shopping, we have to work for selecting the right product. Also, after that, it is hectic to stand in line for billing all the goods. Hence, we are proposing to develop a smart shopping cart system that will keep the track of purchased products and also online transaction for billing using RFID and ZigBee. The system will also give suggestions for products to buy based on user purchase history from a centralized system. In this system, every product in Mart will have RFID tag, and every cart will be having RFID Reader and ZigBee attached to it. There will be a centralized system for the recommendation and online transaction. Moreover, also there will be RFID reader at the exit door for anti-theft.
Reactive Sputtering of Aluminum Nitride (002) Thin Films for Piezoelectric Applications: A Review (2018)

We summarize the recipes and describe the role of sputtering parameters in producing highly c-axis Aluminum Nitride (AlN) films for piezoelectric applications. The information is collated from the analysis of around 80 journal articles that sputtered this film on variety of substrate materials, processes and equipment. This review will be a good starting point to catch up with the state-of-the-arts research on the reactive sputtering of AlN (002) thin film, as well as its evolving list of piezoelectric applications such as energy harvesters.
DeshadowNet: A Multi-context Embedding Deep Network for Shadow Removal (2017)

Shadow removal is a challenging task as it requires the detection/annotation of shadows as well as semantic understanding of the scene. In this paper, we propose an automatic and end-to-end deep neural network (DeshadowNet) to tackle these problems in a unified manner. DeshadowNet is designed with a multi-context architecture, where the output shadow matte is predicted by embedding information from three different perspectives. The first global network extracts shadow features from a global view. Two levels of features are derived from the global network and transferred to two parallel networks. While one extracts the appearance of the input image, the other one involves semantic understanding for final prediction. These two complementary networks generate multi-context features to obtain the shadow matte with fine local details. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we construct the first large scale benchmark with 3088 image pairs. Extensive experiments on two publicly available benchmarks and our large-scale benchmark show that the proposed method performs favorably against several state-of-the-art methods.
The simultaneous use of immobilised reagents for the one-pot conversion of alcohols to carboxylic acids (2002)

The simultaneous use of selected immobilised oxidising reagents in a single reaction vessel provides an efficient method for the conversion of primary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids.
Automated contralateral subtraction of dental panoramic radiographs for detecting abnormalities in paranasal sinus (2011)

Inflammation in the paranasal sinus is often observed in seasonal allergic rhinitis or with colds, but is also an indication for odontogenic tumors, carcinoma of the maxillary sinus or a maxillary cyst. The detection of those findings in dental panoramic radiographs is not difficult for radiologists, but general dentists may miss the findings since they focus on treatments of teeth. The purpose of this work is to develop a contralateral subtraction method for detecting the odontogenic sinusitis region on dental panoramic radiographs. We developed a contralateral subtraction technique in paranasal sinus region, consisting of 1) image filtering of the smoothing and sobel operation for noise reduction and edge extraction, 2) image registration of mirrored image by using mutual information, and 3) image display method of subtracted pixel data. We employed 56 cases (24 normal and 32 abnormal). The abnormal regions and the normal cases were verified by a board-certified radiologist using CT scans. Observer studies with and without subtraction images were performed for 9 readers. The true-positive rate at a 50% confidence level in 7 out of 9 readers was improved, but there was no statistical significance in the difference of area-under-curve (AUC) in each radiologist. In conclusion, the contralateral subtraction images of dental panoramic radiographs may improve the detection rate of abnormal regions in paranasal sinus.
A New Analysis of Resting State Connectivity and Graph Theory Reveals Distinctive Short-Term Modulations due to Whisker Stimulation in Rats (2018)

Resting state (RS) connectivity has been increasingly studied in healthy and diseased brains in humans and animals. This paper presents a new method to analyze RS data from fMRI that combines multiple seed correlation analysis with graph-theory (MSRA). We characterize and evaluate this new method in relation to two other graph-theoretical methods and ICA. The graph-theoretical methods calculate cross-correlations of regional average time-courses, one using seed regions of the same size (SRCC) and the other using whole brain structure regions (RCCA). We evaluated the reproducibility, power, and capacity of these methods to characterize short-term RS modulation to unilateral physiological whisker stimulation in rats. Graph-theoretical networks found with the MSRA approach were highly reproducible, and their communities showed large overlaps with ICA components. Additionally, MSRA was the only one of all tested methods that had the power to detect significant RS modulations induced by whisker stimulation that are controlled by family-wise error rate (FWE). Compared to the reduced resting state network connectivity during task performance, these modulations implied decreased connectivity strength in the bilateral sensorimotor and entorhinal cortex. Additionally, the contralateral ventromedial thalamus (part of the barrel field related lemniscal pathway) and the hypothalamus showed reduced connectivity. Enhanced connectivity was observed in the amygdala, especially the contralateral basolateral amygdala (involved in emotional learning processes). In conclusion, MSRA is a powerful analytical approach that can reliably detect tiny modulations of RS connectivity. It shows a great promise as a method for studying RS dynamics in healthy and pathological conditions.
Mobile Agent Based New Framework for Improving Big Data Analysis (2013)

The rising number of applications serving millions of users and dealing with terabytes of data need to a faster processing paradigms. Recently, there is growing enthusiasm for the notion of big data analysis. Big data analysis becomes a very important aspect for growth productivity, reliability and quality of services (QoS). Processing of big data using a powerful machine is not efficient solution. So, companies focused on using Hadoop software for big data analysis. This is because Hadoop designed to support parallel and distributed data processing. However, Hadoop has several drawbacks effect on its performance and reliability against big data analysis. In this paper, a new framework is proposed to improve big data analysis and overcome the drawbacks of Hadoop. The proposed framework is called MapReduce Agent Mobility (MRAM). MRAM is developed by using mobile agent and MapReduce paradigm under Java Agent Development Framework (JADE).
Hybridizing wood cellulose and graphene oxide toward high-performance fibers (2015)

High-performance microfibers such as carbon fibers are widely used in aircraft and wind turbine blades. Well-aligned, strong microfibers prepared by hybridizing two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and one-dimensional (1D) nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) fibers are designed here for the first time and have the potential to supersede carbon fibers due to their low cost. These well-aligned hybrid microfibers are much stronger than microfibers composed of 1D NFC or 2D GO alone. Both the experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations reveal the synergistic effect between GO and NFC: the bonding between neighboring GO nanosheets is enhanced by NFC because the introduction of NFC provides the extra bonding options available between the nanosheets. In addition, 1D NFC fibers can act as ‘lines’ to ‘weave and wrap’ 2D nanosheets together. A 2D GO nanosheet can also bridge several 1D NFC fibers together, providing extra bonding sites between 1D NFC fibers over a long distance. The design rule investigated in this study can be universally applied to other structure designs where a synergistic effect is preferred. Scientists in the US and China have produced strong microfibres by combining 2D graphene oxide nanosheets and 1D nanofibrillated cellulose. The low cost of production of these fibres could make them attractive for replacing carbon fibres, the researchers say. They produced these fibres by wet spinning a liquid-crystal solution of the nanosheets and the nanofibrillated cellulose, which were derived from wood cellulose. The hybrid fibres were much stronger than their components. Experimental results and molecular dynamic simulations reveal that this improved strength is due to a synergistic effect — bonding between adjacent graphene oxide nanosheets is enhanced by the nanofibrillated cellulose, while the nanofibrillated cellulose chains act like threads and bind the nanosheets together. The same synergistic effect could be exploited in other materials, the researchers note. For the first time, we investigate the synergistic effect of one-dimensional nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) to facilitate low-cost, mechanically strong hybrid microfibers. Both experimental and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out. Such GO-NFC hybrid microfibers show an elastic modulus of 34.1 GPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 442.4 MPa and a toughness of 4.9 MJ m−3, which outperform among the best GO fibers in literature. This study promotes a new design strategy to create high-performance microfibers for a range of applications.
The Temperature Dependence of Protoporphyrin IX Production in Cells and Tissues (1999)

The formation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in human skin during topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was found to be strongly temperature dependent, with an activation energy of about 17 kcal/mol. This temperature dependence is mainly related to porphyrin production and not to ALA penetration into the skin. The penetration of ALA into mouse and human skin was almost temperature independent. The activation energy of PpIX production in mouse skin was practically identical with that in human skin. The activation energy of ALA uptake by cells in vitro was about 10 kcal/mol and that for PpIX production was about 13 kcal/mol. The latter activation energy was within the error limits similar to that for the activity of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase, suggesting that this enzyme might represent a rate-limiting step for PpIX production in living tissue.
Microporous Silica Based Membranes for Desalination (2012)

This review provides a global overview of microporous silica based membranes for desalination via pervaporation with a focus on membrane synthesis and processing, transport mechanisms and current state of the art membrane performance. Most importantly, the recent development and novel concepts for improving the hydro-stability and separating performance of silica membranes for desalination are critically examined. Research into silica based membranes for desalination has focussed on three primary methods for improving the hydro-stability. These include incorporating carbon templates into the microporous silica both as surfactants and hybrid organic-inorganic structures and incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles into the silica matrix. The literature examined identified that only metal oxide silica membranes have demonstrated high salt rejections under a variety of feed concentrations, reasonable fluxes and unaltered performance over long-term operation. As this is an embryonic field of research several target areas for researchers were discussed including further improvement of the membrane materials, but also regarding the necessity of integrating waste or solar heat sources into the final process design to ensure cost competitiveness with conventional reverse osmosis processes.
A phase 2, randomized study of SB‐485232, rhIL‐18, in patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma (2009)

rIL-18 as tested in this trial was well tolerated, but had limited activity as a single agent in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Enhanced antitumoral efficacy and immune response following conditionally replicative adenovirus containing constitutive HSF1 delivery to rodent tumors (2012)

Besides by increasing its burst in tumor cells, cHSF1 could also augment the potential of E1B55kD deleted oncolytic adenovirus by increasing the tumor-specific immune response, which is beneficial to prevent tumor recurrence. cHSF1 is a better gene for neoadjuvant immunotherapy than other heat shock protein genes.
Temperature-sensitive mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: isolation and preliminary immunological evaluation (1982)

The immunogenicity of two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1, isolated and characterized for the development of a safe, live vaccine strain, was evaluated in a mouse protection model. One mutant, A/10/25, had a limited "coasting" property (i.e., continued replication for two divisions) at the nonpermissive temperature (36 degrees C), whereas the other mutant, E/9/9, continued replication for five generations after transfer to 36 degrees C. Groups of 3- to 5-week-old ICR mice were immunized intraperitoneally with various doses of the two ts mutants; at various times thereafter, the mice were challenged intraperitoneally with lethal doses of the parental wild type. The more extensive coaster, E/9/9, induced 100% protection at immunizing doses lower than those required for A/10/25 to induce the same protection (1 x 10(8) to 2 x 10(8) and 6 x 10(8) colony-forming units, respectively). Both ts strains induced significant protection for up to 5 weeks after immunization. The results of these studies suggest that the use of P. aeruginosa ts mutants might provide a novel approach to the prevention of P. aeruginosa colonization of patients with cystic fibrosis.
Diastereoselective synthesis of new O-alkylated and C-branched inositols and their corresponding fluoro analogues (2016)

Efficient routes were developed for the diastereoselective synthesis of new O-alkylated and C-branched inositols and their corresponding fluoro analogues. The key steps of the synthesis were the easy accessibility of different types of arms in term of configuration (myo and scyllo), the linking method and length, which could modulate the biological properties. These inositol derivatives, bearing an arm terminated either with a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, could be interesting candidates for diastereoisomeric intermediates and biological evaluations, especially for PET imaging experiments.
Bap-dependent biofilm formation by pathogenic species of Staphylococcus: evidence of horizontal gene transfer? (2005)

The biofilm-associated protein (Bap) is a surface protein implicated in biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chronic mastitis infections. The bap gene is carried in a putative composite transposon inserted in SaPIbov2, a mobile staphylococcal pathogenicity island. In this study, bap orthologue genes from several staphylococcal species, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus hyicus, were identified, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis comparison of the bap gene from these species revealed a very high sequence similarity, suggesting the horizontal gene transfer of SaPIbov2 amongst them. However, sequence analyses of the flanking region revealed that the bap gene of these species was not contained in the SaPIbov2 pathogenicity island. Although they did not contain the icaADBC operon, all the coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates harbouring bap were strong biofilm producers. Disruption of the bap gene in S. epidermidis abolished its capacity to form a biofilm, whereas heterologous complementation of a biofilm-negative strain of S. aureus with the Bap protein from S. epidermidis bestowed the capacity to form a biofilm on a polystyrene surface. Altogether, these results demonstrate that Bap orthologues from coagulase-negative staphylococci induce an alternative mechanism of biofilm formation that is independent of the PIA/PNAG exopolysaccharide.
Myostatin (2010)

C achexia in chronic heart failure (HF) is a major clinical problem that is still underestimated for its impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. The pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia is characterized by a catabolic/ anabolic imbalance. An important player in the development of muscle wasting and cachexia in HF may be myostatin.
Using adaptive networks to model and control drug delivery (1996)

Adaptive networks can model the nonlinearities of complex systems and adapt on line to changes in these systems. To demonstrate this approach, the authors simulate the automated regulation of blood pressure. Such methods can improve patient care and save money.
Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity of Laminated Strand Lumber by Non-Destructive Evaluation Technique (2015)

Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques have been shown to be effective for evaluating mechanical properties of wood-based materials. In this study, transverse vibration of a beam under the two ends free boundary condition (FBV) was employed to measure the modulus of elasticity (MOE) in different strength directions of laminated strand lumber (LSL). It was found that the MOE values measured by the FBV were slightly higher than those measured using the three-point bending test (TPB), and the correlation coefficients between the MOE values along the major and minor strength directions measured by the two methods were 0.845 and 0.938, respectively. The effect of the length/depth ratio on measured MOE values by the FBV method was also investigated. With the decrease in the length/depth ratio of LSL, the measured MOE in the major and minor strength directions decreased. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the length/depth ratios had a significant effect on the measured MOE. The experimental values of MOE of LSL in the diagonal strength direction matched well with the theoretical values calculated by the Hankinson-type formula.
The Consequences of Insider Trading and the Role of Academic Research (1991)

Insider trading has been of particular interest to society in the past de cade because of a series of schemes that have netted insiders millions. Names like Boesky, Milken, and Levine have become commonplace to followers of financial news and the general public alike. This higher level of interest has been generated by the rise of a new breed of Wall Street insider. Rather than being an officer, director, or large minority shareholder, they could be professional or clerical personnel, employees of the company to which the information relates, or individuals with whom the company may or may not maintain a business relationship. Several recent papers have discussed the ethical arguments against insider trading [e.g., Irvine, 1987; Moore, 1990]. However, little attention has been given to the issue of how to control insider trading given the ethical arguments against it. The purpose of this study is threefold. First, it will identify the three varieties of insiders. Second, the arguments against insider trading will be critically evaluated in light of their applicability to each of the insider categories. Finally, alternatives for controlling insider trading will be discussed, as will the role of academic research as an approach to evaluating insider trading that enables the consequences to be addressed without weakening the information market.
다운증후군 자녀를 둔 어머니의 적응 (2008)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore mothers' adjustments in raising children with Down syndrome and to develop a grounded theory about their adjustments. Method: Three mothers from each group of children in the ages below 7 years, 8-13 years, 14-19 years, and over 20 years participated...
Architectures of Class-Defining and Specific Domains of Glutamyl-tRNA Synthetase (1995)

The crystal structure of a class I aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) from Thermus thermophilus, was solved and refined at 2.5 A resolution. The amino-terminal half of GluRS shows a geometrical similarity with that of Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) of the same subclass in class I, comprising the class I-specific Rossmann fold domain and the intervening subclass-specific alpha/beta domain. These domains were found to have two GluRS-specific, secondary-structure insertions, which then participated in the specific recognition of the D and acceptor stems of tRNA(Glu) as indicated by mutagenesis analyses based on the docking properties of GluRS and tRNA. In striking contrast to the beta-barrel structure of the GlnRS carboxyl-terminal half, the GluRS carboxyl-terminal half displayed an all-alpha-helix architecture, an alpha-helix cage, and mutagenesis analyses indicated that it had a role in the anticodon recognition.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of β-1,4-galactanase from <i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i> (1999)

Recombinant β-1,4-galactanase from Aspergillus aculeatus has been crystallized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Crystals were obtained in hanging drops by vapour-diffusion under the conditions 30% PEG 400, 0.2 M CaCl 2 and 0.1 M Na HEPES buffered to pH 7.5. The crystals diffract to 2.3 Å resolution and belong to one of the orthorhombic space groups I 222 or I 2 1 2 1 2 1 . The unit-cell dimensions are a = 60.42, b = 88.94 and c = 129.08 Å. With one molecule in the asymmetric unit, the corresponding solvent content is ∼48%.
Understanding Hydrogen Atom and Hydride Transfer Processes during Electrochemical Alcohol and Aldehyde Oxidation (2021)

Selective oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids is of broad importance for applications in organic synthesis. These reactions can be performed at the anode of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical cells that produce fuels at the cathode (e.g., water reduction to form H2), allowing for the production of valuable products at both electrodes. NiOOH is among the most promising electrocatalysts for selectively converting alcohols and aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Recent work has revealed that electrochemical alcohol and aldehyde oxidation can occur through two different pathways, one via hydrogen atom transfer and the other via hydride transfer; however, details of these mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this work, we examined the effect of pH and the concentration of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and aldehydes to determine the key factors and steps that affect the kinetics of the two oxidation pathways. Through these experiments, we obtained a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the two pathways. These results were complemented by kinetic isotope effect experiments to further probe which steps control the rate of each pathway. We then used the understanding these experiments enabled, coupled with computational results, to propose that the ability of alcohols and aldehydes to outcompete OH– for adsorption on Ni4+ sites is a key predictor of which oxidation pathway will be favored.