gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design framework for entanglement-distribution switching networks (2016)

The distribution of quantum entanglement appears to be an important component of applications of quantum communications and networks. The ability to centralize the sourcing of entanglement in a quantum network can provide for improved efficiency and enable a variety of network structures. A necessary feature of an entanglement-sourcing network node comprising several sources of entangled photons is the ability to reconfigurably route the generated pairs of photons to network neighbors depending on the desired entanglement sharing of the network users at a given time. One approach to such routing is the use of a photonic switching network. The requirements for an entanglement distribution switching network are less restrictive than for typical conventional applications, leading to design freedom that can be leveraged to optimize additional criteria. In this paper, we present a mathematical framework defining the requirements of an entanglement-distribution switching network. We then consider the design of such a switching network using a number of 2 × 2 crossbar switches, addressing the interconnection of these switches and efficient routing algorithms. In particular, we define a worst-case loss metric and consider 6 × 6, 8 × 8, and 10 × 10 network designs that optimize both this metric and the number of crossbar switches composing the network. We pay particular attention to the 10 × 10 network, detailing novel results proving the optimality of the proposed design. These optimized network designs have great potential for use in practical quantum networks, thus advancing the concept of quantum networks toward reality.
Impact of steep-slope transistors on non-von neumann architectures: CNN case study (2014)

A Cellular Neural Network (CNN) is a highly-parallel, analog processor that can significantly outperform von Neumann architectures for certain classes of problems. Here, we show how emerging, beyond-CMOS devices could help to further enhance the capabilities of CNNs, particularly for solving problems with non-binary outputs. We show how CNNs based on devices such as graphene transistors -- with multiple steep current growth regions separated by negative differential resistance (NDR) in their I-V characteristics -- could be used to recognize multiple patterns simultaneously. (This would require multiple steps given a conventional, binary CNN.) Also, we demonstrate how tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) can be used to form circuits capable of performing similar tasks. With this approach, more exotic device I-V characteristics are not required -- which should be an asset when considering issues such as cell-to-cell mismatch, etc. As a case study, we present a CNN-cell design that employs TFET-based circuitry to realize ternary outputs. We then illustrate how this hardware could be employed to efficiently solve a tactile sensing problem. The total number of computation steps as well as the required hardware could be reduced significantly when compared to an approach based on a conventional CNN.
Results of a randomized phase III trial (MPACT) of weekly <i>nab</i>-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with PET and CA19-9 correlates. (2013)

4005^ Background: nab-paclitaxel (nab-P; 130 nm albumin-bound paclitaxel) has demonstrated both single-agent activity and synergy with gemcitabine (G) in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer (PC). nab-P + G also demonstrated promising efficacy in a phase I/II study in metastatic PC (J Clin Oncol. 2011:4548-4554), warranting a phase III study of nab-P + G vs G for metastatic PC. Methods: 861 patients (pts) with metastatic PC and a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥ 70 were randomized at 151 community and academic centers 1:1 to receive nab-P 125 mg/m 2 + G 1000 mg/m 2 days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks or G alone 1000 mg/m 2 weekly for 7 weeks followed by 1 week of rest (cycle 1) and then days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks (cycle ≥ 2). The primary endpoint was OS; secondary endpoints were PFS and ORR by independent review. Results: The median age was 63 years (range 27 - 88). KPS was 100 (16%), 90 (44%), 80 (32%), and 70 (7%). Pts had advanced disease with liver metastases (84%), ≥ 3 metastatic sites (46%), and CA19-9 ≥ 59 × ULN (46%). nab-P + G was superior to G for all efficacy endpoints: median OS was 8.5 vs. 6.7 mo (HR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.617 - 0.835; P = 0.000015); median PFS was 5.5 vs. 3.7 mo (HR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.581 - 0.821; P = 0.000024), and ORR was 23% vs. 7% (P = 1.1 × 10 −10 ) by RECIST v1.0. Metabolic response by PET in 257 patients was 63% for nab-P + G vs 38% for G (P = 0.000051). CA19-9 response (≥ 90% decrease) was 31% for nab-P + G vs. 14% for G (P < 0.0001). Grade ≥ 3 AEs with nab-P + G vs. G included neutropenia (38% vs. 27%), fatigue (17 % vs. 7%), diarrhea (6% vs 1%), and febrile neutropenia (3% vs. 1%). Grade ≥ 3 peripheral neuropathy (PN) occurred in 17% vs. 1% of pts who received nab-P + G vs. G, respectively; for nab-P + G, PN improved to grade ≤ 1 in a median 29 days, and 44% of patients resumed nab-P treatment. The median duration of treatment was 3.9 mo for nab-P + G and 2.8 mo for G. Conclusions: MPACT was a large, international study performed at community and academic centers. nab-P + G was superior to G across all efficacy endpoints, had an acceptable toxicity profile, and is a new standard for the treatment of metastatic PC that could become the backbone for new regimens. Clinical trial information: NCT00844649.
Photovoltaic Performance of PbS Quantum Dots Treated with Metal Salts (2016)

Recent advances in quantum dot surface passivation have led to a rapid development of high-efficiency solar cells. Another critical element for achieving efficient power conversion is the charge neutrality of quantum dots, as charge imbalances induce electronic states inside the energy gap. Here we investigate how the simultaneous introduction of metal cations and halide anions modifies the charge balance and enhances the solar cell efficiency. The addition of metal salts between QD deposition and ligand exchange with 1,3-BDT results in an increase in the short-circuit current and fill factor, accompanied by a distinct reduction in a crossover between light and dark current density-voltage characteristics.
Design of space-time codes achieving generalized optimal diversity (2005)

In this paper, we propose a generalized structure for constructing space-time codes (STCs), which achieves generalized optimum diversity (GOD). A GOD class of STCs can achieve the full diversity and an optimized coding gain with minimum delay for any number of transmit antennas (N/sub t/) and any rate (R), if the rate is less than or equal to the rank of the channel matrix. The structure combines mutually exclusive R data symbols with complex weights at each transmit antenna and the same set of data symbols is repeated at every time slot in a code block, but is transmitted through different transmit antennas with different sets of complex weights. In addition, it does not need any restrictions to the complex weights, thus the code can be designed with the maximum degrees of freedom. Optimized codes based on the proposed structure are obtained under the well-known rank and determinant criteria by applying two design constraints in order to reduce the design complexity. Even using two constraints, however, the proposed structure has an unaffordable design complexity when the number of complex weights gets larger. Hence, we provide some guidelines for code design, which can further reduce the design complexity by examining the characteristics of the determinant of codeword difference matrices.
Thermal Conductivity and Sintering Behavior of Advanced Thermal Barrdxr Coatings (2008)

Advanced thermal barrier coatings, having significantly reduced long-term thermal conductivities, are being developed using an approach that emphasizes real-time monitoring of thermal conductivity under conditions that are engine-like in terms of temperatures and heat fluxes. This is in contrast to the traditional approach where coatings are initially optimized in terms of furnace and burner rig durability with subsequent measurement in the as-processed or furnace-sintered condition. The present work establishes a laser high-heat-flux test as the basis for evaluating advanced plasma-sprayed and physical vapor-deposited thermal barrier coatings under the NASA Ultra Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Program. The candidate coating materials for this program are novel thermal barrier coatings that are found to have significantly reduced thermal conductivities due to an oxide-defect-cluster design. Critical issues for designing advanced low conductivity coatings with improved coating durability are also discussed.
In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of the Beta-Carboline Alkaloid Manzamine A (2000)

Manzamine A, a beta-carboline alkaloid present in several marine sponge species, inhibits the growth of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in vivo. More than 90% of the asexual erythrocytic stages of P. berghei were inhibited after a single intraperitoneal injection of manzamine A into infected mice. A remarkable aspect of manzamine A treatment is its ability to prolong the survival of highly parasitemic mice, with 40% recovery 60 days after a single injection. Oral administration of an oil suspension of manzamine A also produced significant reductions in parasitemia. The plasma manzamine A concentration peaked 4 h after injection and remained high even at 48 h. Morphological changes of P. berghei were observed 1 h after treatment of infected mice. (-)-8-Hydroxymanzamine A also displayed antimalarial activity, whereas manzamine F, a ketone analog of manzamine A, did not. Our results suggest that manzamine A and (-)-8-hydroxymanzamine A are promising new antimalarial agents.
Hedging your bets: Optimizing accuracy-specificity trade-offs in large scale visual recognition (2012)

As visual recognition scales up to ever larger numbers of categories, maintaining high accuracy is increasingly difficult. In this work, we study the problem of optimizing accuracy-specificity trade-offs in large scale recognition, motivated by the observation that object categories form a semantic hierarchy consisting of many levels of abstraction. A classifier can select the appropriate level, trading off specificity for accuracy in case of uncertainty. By optimizing this trade-off, we obtain classifiers that try to be as specific as possible while guaranteeing an arbitrarily high accuracy. We formulate the problem as maximizing information gain while ensuring a fixed, arbitrarily small error rate with a semantic hierarchy. We propose the Dual Accuracy Reward Trade-off Search (DARTS) algorithm and prove that, under practical conditions, it converges to an optimal solution. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on datasets ranging from 65 to over 10,000 categories.
On Demand Release and Retrieval of Bacteria from Microwell Arrays Using Photodegradable Hydrogel Membranes (2018)

Microwell arrays are important tools for studying single cell behavior and cell-cell interactions, both in microbial and mammalian systems. However, retrieval of cells from microwell arrays with high spatial precision remains a major technical hurdle that prevents follow-up genetic and phenotypic characterization of cells within observed microwells. This work describes a new, material-based approach to grow and retrieve live bacterial cells from small (≥20 μm diameter) microwells in an array using the plant pathogen <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> as a model bacterium. Our approach uses a light-responsive, step-polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel interface as a membrane that confines motile cells within microwells while allowing nutrient exchange and cell growth. The key design feature is the photodegradability of the membrane, as it enables individual wells of interest to be opened using patterned UV light for selective release and retrieval of cells. Extraction can occur in parallel from any number and combination of wells defined by the user. These advancements represent a new use for light-responsive hydrogels and the ability to retrieve cells from microwells with high spatial precision enables several applications that require the isolation and characterization of cells with rare phenotypes from heterogeneous populations.
A Magnetically Levitated Centrifugal Blood Pump With a Simple‐structured Disposable Pump Head (2008)

A magnetically levitated centrifugal blood pump (MedTech Dispo) has been developed for use in a disposable extracorporeal system. The design of the pump is intended to eliminate mechanical contact with the impeller, to facilitate a simple disposable mechanism, and to reduce the blood-heating effects that are caused by motors and magnetic bearings. The bearing rotor attached to the impeller is suspended by a two degrees-of-freedom controlled radial magnetic bearing stator, which is situated outside the rotor. In the space inside the ringlike rotor, a magnetic coupling disk is placed to rotate the rotor and to ensure that the pump head is thermally isolated from the motor. In this system, the rotor can exhibit high passive stiffness due to the novel design of the closed magnetic circuits. The disposable pump head, which has a priming volume of 23 mL, consists of top and bottom housings, an impeller, and a rotor with a diameter of 50 mm. The pump can provide a head pressure of more than 300 mm Hg against a flow of 5 L/min. The normalized index of hemolysis of the MedTech Dispo is 0.0025 +/- 0.0005 g/100 L at 5 L/min against 250 mm Hg. This is one-seventh of the equivalent figure for a Bio Pump BPX-80 (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), which has a value of 0.0170 +/- 0.0096 g/100 L. These results show that the MedTech Dispo offers high pumping performance and low blood trauma.
ChemInform Abstract: Robust Bifunctional Aluminium—Salen Catalysts for the Preparation of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides. (2015)

Abstract The title reaction applies only to terminal epoxides and the catalysts can be recovered and reused for 3 catalytic cycles without significant loss of the catalytic activity.
Faster-than-Nyquist Signaling and Optimized Signal Constellation for High Spectral Efficiency Communications in Nonlinear Satellite Systems (2014)

We here consider utilizing faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling to increase spectral efficiency in combination with using tight frequency roll-off, optimized signal constellations that have better energy efficiency, and allowing the satellite transponder to operate near its saturation. FTN provides a degree of freedom that allows for increasing the spectral efficiency without the need for introducing additional rings in the signal constellation, which is helpful in the presence of nonlinear transponders. Also, FTN allows for increasing the symbol rate without being adversely affected by the input multiplexing and output multiplexing (IMUX/OMUX) filters. This is because FTN does not alter the signal spectral shape. However, these advantages are gained at the expense of introducing distortion that needs to be compensated successfully. We then utilize an advanced Turbo Volterra receiver that compensates for FTN-induced distortion and nonlinear impairments. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate substantial performance gains over a wide range of spectral efficiencies in nonlinear satellite systems with adjacent carriers.
Perceptually Dithered HDR for 8-Bit Interfaces (2021)

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">In this study, we explore the performance of applying dither when quantizing high-dynamic range (HDR) achromatic images to lower bit depths and found that by applying “perceptual dither,” or dither in the International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication (ITU-R) BT.2100 IC<sub>T</sub>C<sub>P</sub> color representation, the bit depth necessary for visually consistent reproduction is reduced by 2 bits. We conclude that using perceptual dithering, the precision of a 10-bit source signal with only 8 bits, or the precision of a 12-bit source signal with only 10 bits, can be achieved</i> .
Highly ytterbium-doped silica fibers with low photo-darkening (2009)

Phosphorus co-doping is known to reduce clustering levels of rare earth ions in silica hosts. In this paper, ytterbium-doped silica fibers with approximately 8.9 wt% Yb(2)O(3), up to approximately 4700 dB/m peak core absorption at 976 nm, and low photo-darkening are demonstrated using high phosphorus co-doping. Measured gain as high as approximately 7 dB/cm is demonstrated in the fiber.
Distributed Control of Multiagent Systems with Heterogeneity in Synchronization Roles (2019)

This paper introduces a new definition of the linear cooperative output regulation problem in order to allow the common output synchronization (regulation) together with an additional output synchronization for a proper subset of all agents. The solvability of this problem with an internal model based distributed dynamic state feedback control law is first investigated based on a global condition. An agent-wise local sufficient condition is then presented under standard assumptions. A numerical example is finally provided to illustrate the considered problem and the proposed approach in this paper.
Cover Picture: Quaternary Phosphonium‐Based Polymers as Hydroxide Exchange Membranes (ChemSusChem 5/2010) (2010)

The cover picture shows the hope and possibility of hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells as a promising alternative technology to power future vehicles. In their Communication on page 555, Y. S. Yan and coworkers describe the preparation and extraordinary performance of a new class of alkaline-stable and highly conductive hydroxide exchange membranes, using quaternary phosphonium hydroxide (QPOH) based polymers. The availability of these high-performance QPOH based membranes promises to make fuel cell technologies commercially viable for sustainable transportation as well as solar and wind energy storage.
Devices for Umbilical Cord Blood Collection (2007)

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an increasingly important and rich source of stem cells. These cells can be used for the treatment of many deadly diseases, including cancers, immune and genetic disorders. It also provides a readily available source of stem cells for transplantation purposes. In this paper, we review the literature published that reflects the designs of UCB collection apparatus in order to obtain stem cells. Keywords: Placenta, umbilical cord blood collection, stem cells
Buckling of Elastomeric Beams Enables Actuation of Soft Machines (2015)

Soft, pneumatic actuators that buckle when interior pressure is less than exterior provide a new mechanism of actuation. Upon application of negative pneumatic pressure, elastic beam elements in these actuators undergo reversible, cooperative collapse, and generate a rotational motion. These actuators are inexpensive to fabricate, lightweight, easy to control, and safe to operate. They can be used in devices that manipulate objects, locomote, or interact cooperatively with humans.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(2‐Aminoethyl)‐6‐aryl‐4H‐(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3‐a)(1,4)benzodiazepines with Diuretic and Natriuretic Activity. (1989)

Abstract Various triazolo(1,4)benzodiazepines such as (III) are synthesized by the method presented in the reaction scheme.
Efficacy of recombinant leukotoxin in protection against pneumonic challenge with live Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (1991)

The recombinant leukotoxin (rLKT) of the bacterium Pasteurella haemolytica A1 was examined for its ability to protect cattle from experimental challenge with logarithmic-phase P. haemolytica. Six different vaccines were utilized in the experiment: P. haemolytica culture supernatant, P. haemolytica culture supernatant enriched with rLKT, rLKT alone, P. haemolytica culture supernatant enriched with Escherichia coli supernatant not containing LKT, E. coli supernatant alone, and phosphate-buffered saline. rLKT alone showed no protective capacity against development of clinical signs of respiratory disease or against development of postmortem lung lesions after experimental challenge. It was, however, shown to enhance the efficacy of the culture supernatant vaccine and decrease clinical signs and pneumonic lesions. The complexity of protective immunity in this disease is emphasized in this study, and, although LKT is an important virulence factor of the organism, an immune response to LKT alone does not protect animals against disease.
The design of a chopped current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (2008)

This paper presents the design of a chopped fully-differential current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA). The current-feedback topology facilitates ground sensing and the use of independent input and output common-mode voltages. The amplifier is intended for the readout of a high-precision thermistor bridge. The required temperature sensing resolution is 1μK (3σ) in a 3mHz – 50mHz bandwidth, which translates to an input referred noise density of 31nV/√Hz. Since these frequencies are very low, the input stages of the amplifier are chopped to suppress their 1/ƒ noise. Moreover, to achieve optimum power efficiency at low noise, the first stage is designed to dissipate the most power (75%). Simulations show that the amplifier’s input-referred noise density is 17nV/√Hz at a supply current of 226μA. The amplifier has been implemented in 0.7μm CMOS technology.
Colloidal gold as a marker for the light microscope detection of leukocyte cell surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies. (1982)

Colloidal gold was used as a marker for the light microscopic detection of leukocyte cell surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies. Leukocytes were first incubated with monoclonal mouse antibodies, and then with colloidal gold-labeled goat-anti-mouse antibodies. The cells were fixed and stable preparations were made. Positive cells displayed numerous dark granules all over their surface membrane. In electron microscopy, these granules appeared as patches of gold particles. This immunogold staining method proved to be a reliable tool for the enumeration of T-lymphocytes and their subclasses. Accurate cell recognition, based on morphology and cytochemistry, permitted rapid cell counting. The procedure was also applied on small volumes of whole blood. This approach was used as a microtechnique for the enumeration of lymphocyte subpopulations in pediatric patients. In normal peripheral blood, the intracellular enzymatic activities of the immunogold-labeled lymphocytes were detected by the classical cytochemical reactions. The staining patterns for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were identical to those found in smears of unlabeled cells. The cytochemical profile of the OKT-defined normal lymphocyte subpopulations was established.
Observation of magnetic switching in submicron magnetic-tunnel junctions at low frequency (1999)

Understanding the magnetic switching behavior in micron and submicron scale specimens is important for a number of applications. In this study, magnetic-tunnel junctions of various sizes and shapes were fabricated and their switching behavior was studied in detail. Using exchange bias to offset the magnetic response of one electrode, the response of the other (free) electrode was determined from measurements of junction resistance. Switching threshold curves were measured by sweeping magnetic fields in both easy and hard direction. Single domain like switching was observed in some of our smallest submicron junctions. The observed behavior was compared with predictions from the Stoner–Wohlfarth rotational model and from numerical calculations.