gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary cheese whey protein protects rats against mild dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis: Role of mucin and microbiota (2010)

Data from the literature suggest that the availability of the amino acids threonine, cysteine, or both, is limiting for mucin synthesis under conditions of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Unlike casein, cheese whey protein is rich in these amino acids. The protective effect of cheese whey protein was examined using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation of the large intestine in rats that were fed a diet containing casein, cheese whey protein, or casein supplemented with threonine and cysteine. The clinical markers diarrhea and fecal blood were determined using biochemical assays, and gene expression of inflammation markers was used to quantify inflammation. The effect of dairy protein on mucin production was determined by gene expression of rat mucin 2 (MUC2) and by quantifying fecal mucin excretion. Fecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were determined using quantitative PCR. Dietary cheese whey protein reduced DSS-induced gene expression of the inflammation markers interleukin 1beta, calprotectin, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and diminished the clinical symptoms diarrhea and fecal blood loss. Moreover, cheese whey protein increased fecal mucin secretion without affecting gene expression of MUC2, suggesting enhanced mucin synthesis. In addition, cheese whey protein increased fecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria counts. Supplementation of threonine and cysteine showed comparable effects. In conclusion, cheese whey protein protected rats against DSS-induced gut inflammation. This can most likely be explained by its threonine and cysteine content. Protection can be the result of both the stimulation of intestinal mucin synthesis and modification of microflora composition.
Techniques for improving the capacity of video-on-demand systems (1996)

We present two techniques to improve the capacity of video on demand systems. Video on demand is an electronic video rental system in which clients request and play videos on-demand. Video on demand system can be implemented over an existing cable TV network or an upgraded ADSL network. The two techniques used to improve the capacity of video on-demand systems are segmentation and multicasting. Segmentation consists of dividing the video into several fixed length segments, and then transmitting the segments at regular intervals instead of transmitting the entire video continuously. Multicasting assumes that each subscriber has a limited storage space, so the same video segments can be multicast to subscribers simultaneously. Results of a comprehensive simulation study presented in the paper show a significant improvement in the capacity of the system when these two techniques are applied. In evaluating video on demand systems we considered the following parameters: the number of users supported, the number of videos played per day, and the number of requests rejected per day.
Measurement of single cycle and sub-cycle pulse duration (2004)

This paper suggests that the linear interferometric correlation (LFC) can be used to measure pulse duration of a few cycles, single cycle or even sub-cycle light pulse. The relations between pulsewidth and LFC curve are derived for Gaussian- and hyperbolic secant-shaped pules. This new method abandons focusing, frequency doubling and filtering in the traditional second order correlation method, meanwhile the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved.
Oceans of Data: Oceanographic CD-ROMs for Research and Education (1995)

Memory (CD-ROM) technology has been used for a scant 7 years in oceanography, mainly for the distribution of data by the national archives of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In the early days of CD-ROM, skepticism was prevalent. CD-ROMs were too flashy for "real" oceanographers. CD-ROM drives were expensive and there were very few collections of data published on CD-ROM to warrant the expense. It was a nice experiment but that was all. Today, a myriad of factors including low cost, convenience, efficiency, longevity, and the huge volumes of data available all have helped prove CD-ROM's utility as an archive, distribution, exchange and backup medium for oceanographic data. In this article, I will discuss the brief evolution of CD-ROM technology and provide a list of" resources for ocean data and information available on CD-ROM.
Spontaneous regression of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia. III. The role of macrophages in regression. (1978)

The spontaneous regression of erythroleukemia induced by the RFV strain of Friend virus is a macrophage-dependent process. Functional suppression or elimination of the macrophage population in leukemic mice with silica, carrageenan, anti-macrophage serum, or trypan blue inhibited regression. Prior protection of the macrophages with PVNO allowed regression in silica or carrageenan-treated mice. Macrophage phagocytic activity was inhibited in about half the RFV-induced leukemic mice at 25 to 30 days post virus inoculation. Those animals with normal macrophages regressed, whereas whereas those with inhibited macrophages did not. Progressor mice could be induced to regress by inoculation with normal syngeneic macrophages; other cell types were ineffective. The inhibition of macrophage function in leukemic mice was the result of infection of the macrophages by virus. Removal of the infected cells by cytolysis with anti-virus antiserum and C restored the phagocytic activity of the population. Inhibited macrophages were less capable of responding to immobilized antigen-antibody complexes than normal macrophages, suggesting that the loss of function was due to a change in their Fc receptor.
Retroviruses use CD169-mediated trans-infection of permissive lymphocytes to establish infection (2015)

Dendritic cells can capture and transfer retroviruses in vitro across synaptic cell-cell contacts to uninfected cells, a process called trans-infection. Whether trans-infection contributes to retroviral spread in vivo remains unknown. Here, we visualize how retroviruses disseminate in secondary lymphoid tissues of living mice. We demonstrate that murine leukemia virus (MLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are first captured by sinus-lining macrophages. CD169/Siglec-1, an I-type lectin that recognizes gangliosides, captures the virus. MLV-laden macrophages then form long-lived synaptic contacts to trans-infect B-1 cells. Infected B-1 cells subsequently migrate into the lymph node to spread the infection through virological synapses. Robust infection in lymph nodes and spleen requires CD169, suggesting that a combination of fluid-based movement followed by CD169-dependent trans-infection can contribute to viral spread.
Control-flow based testing of Prolog programs (2003)

Presents test selection criteria for Prolog programs which are based on control flow. The control flow in Prolog programs is not obvious because of the declarative nature of Prolog. The authors present two types of control flow graphs to represent the hidden control flow of Prolog programs explicitly. A fault model is developed for Prolog programs for guidance on test selection. Test selection criteria are given in terms of the coverage on these control flow graphs. Under the given fault model, the effectiveness of these criteria is analyzed in terms of fault detection capability of the test cases produced with these criteria.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The PTZ tracking algorithms evaluation virtual platform system (2014)

With the development of the close relationship between the tracking moving object algorithms and the monitoring system, PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras become more powerful in offering requested images than platform-lens ones. How to choose the perfectly suitable algorithm turns out to be the main issue which people concern about. In this paper, we propose a virtual platform system, working as a PTZ camera, in which allows a variety of algorithms test their performances. Under the same platform system with the identical environment, the final resultant data given by the system seems more valuable to refer, which can be the basis of the right choice among a collection of algorithms.
The detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus in the sera of renal transplant patients by an igm antibody capture assay (1983)

An IgM antibody capture assay for detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM antibody (MACRIA) was developed. It was shown to be of similar sensitivity to the indirect immunofluorescence test but has the advantage that rheumatoid factor does not react in it and pretest fractionation of serum is not required. It does, however, give false results with some Paul Bunnell-positive sera. The assay was used to measure the IgM response in 28 renal transplant patients followed prospectively. Seven patients (100%) with primary infections and six of 13 (46%) patients with secondary infections developed IgM by MACRIA. Nine of 13 (69%) patients with CMV IgM-positive sera had symptoms other than pyrexia associated with CMV infections, while only one of seven (14%) IgM-negative infections were symptomatic. Four of seven irreversible rejection episodes were associated with CMV IgM. The possible significance of CMV IgM production is discussed.
Synthesis of 25-Hydroxycholecalcifer-16-en-23-ynol: A Potential Antipsoriatic Agent (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 25-Hydroxycholecalcifer-16-en-23-ynol: A Potential Antipsoriatic AgentMasami Okabe, Ruen-Chu Sun, Michelangelo Scalone, Charles H. Jibilian, and Stanley D. HutchingsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3, 767–771Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00108a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00108a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Unified Framework for Evaluating Data-Dependent Access Control Systems (2006)

We present a flexible framework for evaluating data-dependent access control systems. Based on logical formalism, the framework is general enough to simulate all existing systems. In this paper, we analyze and compare currently available access control systems and demonstrate how they can be simultaneously extended and simplified using our framework. A series of examples and a cross-comparative analysis clearly demonstrate the advantages of our framework over previous methods.
청소년 학교폭력 피해의 위험요인 (2012)

학교폭력 피해, 다체계 위험 요인, victimization of school violence, multilevel risk factors 본 연구는 ``한국아동·청소년 실태조사`` 자료 중 중고등학교 청소년 2,057명을 대상으로 학교폭력 피해에 영향을 주는 다체계적 영향요인을 검증하였다. 학교폭력 피해 경험을 종속변수로 하고 개인, 가족, 또래 및 학교 요인을 독립변수로 하여 단계적으로 투입하는 위계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 남학생이고 연령이 어릴수록, 자아존중감이 낮을수록, 부모학대가 높을수록, 비행경험이 많을수록, 친한 친구의 비행이 많을수록 학교폭력 피해가 높아지는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본인의 비행경험은 친한 친구의 비행경험에 비해 더 높은 영향력을 보였고, 특히 부모학대와 본인의 비행경험 두 요인이 가장 높은 영향력을 나타냈다. 본 연구결과는 청소년의 학교폭력 피해 예방 및 치료를 위해 개인, 가족, 또래 및 학교 요인을 고려한 다체계적 접근의 필요성을 강조하였다.
Optimising clients with API gateways (2015)

This thesis investigates the benefits and complications around working with API (Application Programming Interface) gateways. When we say API gate-way, we mean to proxy and potentially enhance the communication between servers and clients, such as browsers, by transforming the data. We do this by examining the underlying protocol HTTP/1.1 and the general theory regarding API gateways. An API gateway framework was developed in order to further understand some of the common problems and provide a way to rapidly develop prototype solutions to them. The framework was applied in three case studies in order to discover potential problematic areas and solve these in real world production systems. We could from the results see that the benefits gained from using an API gateway varied from case to case, and with results in hand, predict in which scenarios API gateways are the most beneficial.
Evaluation of syringe handling techniques for injections into vaporizing GC injectors (1980)

Abstract Unequal elution of sample components of different volatility out of the syringe needle is one of the major causes for discrimination occuring during the injection, i.e. the phenomena which results in peak areas for the high boiling compounds which are too small compared with the volatiles. This problem, associated with all vaporizing injectors that are used with syringes, can be minimized by careful choice of the needle handling technique. Various methods are compared experimentally. The “solvent flush” method is discussed in detail and demonstrated to be ineffective for reducing losses in the syringe needle. The “hot needle” technique, where the empty needle is preheated in the injector before pushing the plunger, was found to be superior or equal to an improved “solvent flush” method (which included preheating the needle and omitting the air plug between sample and flushing solvent. Generally it was found that the discrimination due to the syringe needle was reduced for larger sample volumes, although no further changes were noticed when these exceeded 2.5 to 3μl.
High-Resistivity Silicon Dielectric Ribbon Waveguide for Single-Mode Low-Loss Propagation at F/G-Bands (2014)

In this paper, dielectric ribbon waveguides (DRWs) are designed and characterized to work in the F (90-140 GHz) and G (140-220 GHz) frequency bands. High resistivity silicon (HR-silicon) due to its high transparency in these bands, and its low-cost fabrication process, were selected for the fabrication of these waveguides. The guided modes of DRW are studied using Marcatili and multi-line methods. A design procedure for optimal single-mode propagation was introduced. The wave attenuation inside the waveguide is discussed. Our experiments show that HR-silicon DRW has less than 0.087 dB/cm (0.01 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) of loss over the guiding bandwidth. The designed DRWs were realized using microfabrication techniques. The measurements are in very good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Cytotoxicity and DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitory Activity of Benz[f]indole-4,9-dione Analogs (2003)

A series of benz[f]indole-4,9-diones, based on the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone, were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in cultured human cancer cell lines A549 (lung cancer), Col2 (colon cancer), and SNU-638 (stomach cancer), and also for the inhibition of human DNA topoisomerases I and II activity in vitro. Several compounds including 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methyl-benz[f]indole-4,9-dione showed a potential cytotoxic activity judged by IC50<20.0 microg/ml in the panel of cancer cell lines. Especially, 2-hydroxy-3-ethoxycarbonyl-N-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-benz[f]indole-4,9-dione had potential selective cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells (IC50=0.4 microg/ml)) compared to colon (IC50>20.0 microg/ml) and stomach (IC50>20.0 microg/ml) cancer cells. To further investigate the cytotoxic mechanism, the effects of test compounds on DNA topoisomerase I and II activities were used. In a topoisomerase I-mediated relaxation assay using human placenta DNA topoisomerase I and supercoiled pHOTI plasmid DNA, 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-benz[f]indole-4,9-dione had the most potent inhibitory activity among the compounds tested. However, most of the compounds showed only weak inhibition of the DNA topoisomerase II-mediated KDNA (Kinetoplast DNA) decatenation assay, except for 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-N-(4-methylphenyl)-benz[f]indole-4,9-dione and 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-N-(2-bromoehtyl)-benz[f]indole-4,9-dione with a moderate inhibitory activity. These results suggest that several active compounds had relatively selective inhibitory activity against toposiomearse I compared to toposiomerase II. No obvious correlation was observed between the cytotoxicity of the individual compound and the inhibitory activity of DNA relaxation and decatenation by topoisomerase I and II, respectively, in vitro.
A spiral wave front beacon for underwater navigation: Basic concept and modeling (2011)

A spiral wave front source produces an acoustic field that has a phase that is proportional to the azimuthal angle about the source. The concept of a spiral wave front beacon is developed by combining this source with a reference source that has a phase that is constant with the angle. The phase difference between these sources contains information about the receiver's azimuthal angle relative to the beacon and can be used for underwater navigation. To produce the spiral wave front, two sources are considered: a "physical-spiral" source, which produces the appropriate phase by physically deforming the active element of the source into a spiral, and a "phased-spiral" source, which uses an array of active elements, each driven with the appropriate phase, to produce the spiral wave front. Using finite element techniques, the fields produced by these sources are examined in the context of the spiral wave front beacon, and the advantages of each source are discussed.
From Here to Autonomy (2016)

As autonomous and semiautonomous systems are developed for automotive, aviation, cyber, robotics and other applications, the ability of human operators to effectively oversee and interact with them when needed poses a significant challenge. An automation conundrum exists in which as more autonomy is added to a system, and its reliability and robustness increase, the lower the situation awareness of human operators and the less likely that they will be able to take over manual control when needed. The human-autonomy systems oversight model integrates several decades of relevant autonomy research on operator situation awareness, out-of-the-loop performance problems, monitoring, and trust, which are all major challenges underlying the automation conundrum. Key design interventions for improving human performance in interacting with autonomous systems are integrated in the model, including human-automation interface features and central automation interaction paradigms comprising levels of automation, adaptive automation, and granularity of control approaches. Recommendations for the design of human-autonomy interfaces are presented and directions for future research discussed.
Synthetic Aperture Integral Imaging Display With Moving Array Lenslet Technique (2015)

We propose a method to improve the visual resolution of integral imaging by synchronously moving both a lenslet array and a display device to overcome the limited sampling rate using a stationary lenslet array. Compared to the previous moving array lenslet technique approach, the proposed approach can achieve more accurate sub-pixel movements. Experimental 3D reconstruction results using a non-stationary smart phone are presented to show the visual resolution improvement for the proposed integral imaging 3D display.
EVI1 induces myelodysplastic syndrome in mice (2004)

Myelodysplasia is a hematological disease in which genomic abnormalities accumulate in a hematopoietic stem cell leading to severe pancytopenia, multilineage differentiation impairment, and bone marrow (BM) apoptosis. Mortality in the disease results from pancytopenia or transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. There are frequent cytogenetic abnormalities, including deletions of chromosomes 5, 7, or both. Recurring chromosomal translocations in myelodysplasia are rare, but the most frequent are the t(3;3)(q21;q26) and the inv(3)(q21q26), which lead to the inappropriate activation of the EVI1 gene located at 3q26. To better understand the role of EVI1 in this disease, we have generated a murine model of EVI1-positive myelodysplasia by BM infection and transplantation. We find that EVI1 induces a fatal disease of several stages that is characterized by severe pancytopenia. The disease does not progress to acute myeloid leukemia. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo results suggests that EVI1 acts at two levels. The immediate effects of EVI1 are hyperproliferation of BM cells and downregulation of EpoR and c-Mpl, which are important for terminal erythroid differentiation and platelet formation. These defects are not fatal, and the mice survive for about 10 months with compensated hematopoiesis. Over this time, compensation fails, and the mice succumb to fatal peripheral cytopenia.
Progress toward Development of a Vaccine against Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection (2017)

A vaccine against congenital human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major public health priority. Congenital CMV causes substantial long-term morbidity, particularly sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), in newborns, and the public health impact of this infection on maternal and child health is underrecognized. Although progress toward development of a vaccine has been limited by an incomplete understanding of the correlates of protective immunity for the fetus, knowledge about some of the key components of the maternal immune response necessary for preventing transplacental transmission is accumulating. Moreover, although there have been concerns raised about observations indicating that maternal seropositivity does not fully prevent recurrent maternal CMV infections during pregnancy, it is becoming increasing clear that preconception immunity does confer some measure of protection against both CMV transmission and CMV disease (if transmission occurs) in the newborn infant. Although the immunity to CMV conferred by both infection and vaccination is imperfect, there are encouraging data emerging from clinical trials demonstrating the immunogenicity and potential efficacy of candidate CMV vaccines. In the face of the knowledge that between 20,000 and 30,000 infants are born with congenital CMV in the United States every year, there is an urgent and compelling need to accelerate the pace of vaccine trials. In this minireview, we summarize the status of CMV vaccines in clinical trials and provide a perspective on what would be required for a CMV immunization program to become incorporated into clinical practice.