gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bolstering the Number and Function of HSV-1–Specific CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Latently Infected Trigeminal Ganglia Reduces Recurrent Ocular Herpes Infection and Disease (2017)

HSV type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen that infects >3.72 billion individuals worldwide and can cause potentially blinding recurrent corneal herpetic disease. HSV-1 establishes latency within sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG), and TG-resident CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells play a critical role in preventing its reactivation. The repertoire, phenotype, and function of protective CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are unknown. Bolstering the apparent feeble numbers of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in TG remains a challenge for immunotherapeutic strategies. In this study, a comprehensive panel of 467 HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell epitopes was predicted from the entire HSV-1 genome. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses to these genome-wide epitopes were compared in HSV-1-seropositive symptomatic individuals (with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent herpetic disease) and asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals (who are infected but never experienced any recurrent herpetic disease). Frequent polyfunctional HSV-specific IFN-γ<sup>+</sup>CD107<sup>a/b+</sup>CD44<sup>high</sup>CD62L<sup>low</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> effector memory T cells were detected in ASYMP individuals and were primarily directed against three "ASYMP" epitopes. In contrast, symptomatic individuals have more monofunctional CD44<sup>high</sup>CD62L<sup>high</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> central memory T cells. Furthermore, therapeutic immunization with an innovative prime/pull vaccine, based on priming with multiple ASYMP epitopes (prime) and neurotropic TG delivery of the T cell-attracting chemokine CXCL10 (pull), boosted the number and function of CD44<sup>high</sup>CD62L<sup>low</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> effector memory T cells and CD103<sup>high</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> tissue-resident T cells in TG of latently infected HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice and reduced recurrent ocular herpes following UV-B-induced reactivation. These findings have profound implications in the development of T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies to treat blinding recurrent herpes infection and disease.
Prospective Study of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Prostate Cancer (2007)

High intake of cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli and cauliflower, may be associated with reduced risk of aggressive prostate cancer, particularly extraprostatic disease.
Piezoelectric strain sensor array fabricated by transfer printing methods (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel sensor array manufacturing process that involves transfer printing methods using adhesive rubber stamps mounted on a chip mounter. By using these methods, not only ultrathin microsensors but also microcontroller and amplifier chips required for the fabrication of sensor devices can be mounted. We successfully transfer-printed a very fragile 5-mm-long, 1-mm-wide, 5μm-thick high-aspect-ratio ultrathin strain sensor onto a flexible printed-circuit substrate. Then, we connected the sensor to the copper wiring by printing a conductive paste using a screen printer. Since an output voltage corresponding to the magnitude of the strain from the developed sensor was generated, it was confirmed that ultrathin sensors could be transfer-printed to the flexible substrate by this transfer technique without damage.
Initial efficacy of anti-lymphocyte activation gene-3 (anti–LAG-3; BMS-986016) in combination with nivolumab (nivo) in pts with melanoma (MEL) previously treated with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. (2017)

9520 Background: Signaling via LAG-3 and other T-cell inhibitory receptors (eg, PD-1) can lead to T-cell dysfunction and tumor immune escape. Simultaneous blockade of LAG-3 + PD-1 may synergistically restore T-cell activation and enhance antitumor immunity. In a phase 1/2a study, BMS-986016 (IgG4 mAb targeting LAG-3) ± nivo (IgG4 mAb targeting PD-1) demonstrated tolerability, peripheral T-cell activation, and preliminary clinical activity (NCT01968109; Lipson E, et al. J Immunother Cancer. 2016;4[s1]:173 [P232]). Here we describe preliminary efficacy of BMS-986016 + nivo in pts with MEL whose disease progressed on/after prior anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, along with updated safety from all dose expansion pts. Methods: Pts with MEL must have had prior anti–PD-1/PD-L1 (± anti–CTLA-4 or BRAF/MEK inhibitors) and progressive disease (PD). Pts received BMS-986016 80 mg + nivo 240 mg IV Q2W. Primary objectives were safety and objective response rate (ORR; complete [CR] + partial [PR] response), disease control rate (DCR; CR + uCR + PR + uPR + stable disease [SD] > 12 wk), and duration of response (RECIST v1.1). Results: At data cutoff, 43 pts with MEL had been treated with BMS-986016 + nivo following PD on/after prior anti–PD-1/PD-L1 with known prior best responses of 1 CR, 9 PR, 12 SD, and 16 PD. Of the 43 pts, 30 (70%) also had prior anti–CTLA-4, 20 (47%) had ≥ 3 prior therapies, and 15 (35%) had BRAFmutations .In the 31 efficacy-evaluable pts to date, ORR was 16% (confirmed/unconfirmed) and DCR was 45% with benefit observed even in some pts refractory to prior anti–PD-1. Evaluations are ongoing for most pts, with median treatment duration of 10 wk for all 43 pts. Immunopathologic (eg, PD-1/PD-L1 and LAG-3 expression) and clinical characteristics of responders vs nonresponders will be presented. Any grade and grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 46% and 9%, respectively, across all dose expansion pts (n = 129). Conclusion: Addition of BMS-986016 to nivolumab demonstrates encouraging initial efficacy in pts with MEL whose disease progressed on/after prior anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, and a safety profile similar to nivolumab monotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01968109.
Fibre splices with ‘perfect fibre’ strengths of 5.5 GPa, <i>v</i> <0.01 (1985)

Splices of single-mode fused silica fibre having strengths equivalent to that of the as-drawn fibre of ∼800 ksi (5.5 GPa) with a coefficient of variation v of <0.01 are produced by fusion splicing with an H2-Cl2-O2 flame. These results demonstrate that fused silica fibre can be reheated to fusion temperatures and retain original high strength. The results are statistically analysed with respect to variations in breaking load, fibre and splice diameter, and relative humidity.
Automatic dysfluency detection in dysarthric speech using deep belief networks (2015)

Dysarthria is a speech disorder caused by difficulties in controlling muscles, such as the tongue and lips, that are needed to produce speech. These differences in motor skills cause speech to be slurred, mumbled, and spoken relatively slowly, and can also increase the likelihood of dysfluency. This includes nonspeech sounds, and 'stuttering', defined here as a disruption in the fluency of speech manifested by prolongations, stop-gaps, and repetitions. This paper investigates different types of input features used by deep neural networks (DNNs) to automatically detect repetition stuttering and non-speech dysfluencies within dysarthric speech. The experiments test the effects of dimensionality within Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and linear predictive cepstral coefficients (LPCCs), and explore the detection capabilities in dyarthric versus non-dysarthric speech. The results obtained using MFCC and LPCC features produced similar recognition accuracies; repetition stuttering in dysarthric speech was identified correctly at approximately 86% and 84% for non-dysarthric speech. Non-speech sounds were recognized with approximately 75% accuracy in dysarthric speakers.
Effect of Additives on Hydrophobicity of PVDF Membrane in Two-stage Coagulation Baths for Desalination (2019)

This research aimed to improve the hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) desalination by mixing various additives (dibutyl phthalate and glycerol) in polymer solution via twostage/dual coagulation bath (CB) system. The effect of each additive on the surface and cross-sectional morphology of PVDF membrane was investigated. The addition of additives showed increased in membranes porosity, but the water contact angle was less than 90 when immersed in single CB (distilled water). Membrane prepared with two-stage CB system immersed into methanol CB for 20 min and transferred into distilled water CB for 24 h exhibited high water contact angle of 114. 2, 142.6 and 120.1 for membrane M-3, M-4 and M-5, respectively. The porosity of membrane significantly increased when incorporated with additives. The membrane was further evaluated in DCMD operation for separation performance. The DCMD tested using distilled water and 35 g l -1 of sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution in feed showed M-4 achieved the highest flux among other membranes at 13.85 kg -2 m -2 h -1 with 99% salt rejection under 70C of feed temperature.
Role of Organic and Eco-Friendly Inhibitors on the Corrosion Mitigation of Steel in Acidic Environments—A State-of-Art Review (2021)

Steel has versatile application in chemical, structure and construction industries owing to its mechanical properties. However, it is susceptible to corrosion in acid environments. Thus, it requires to protect the steel from corrosion. Different types of corrosion resistance steel, coatings and inhibitors are developed to mitigate the corrosion, but, inhibitor is the best remedies to control the corrosion of steel in acid condition. Moreover, organic and green inhibitors used in acid condition for descaling, acid pickling, pipelines, boiler tubes and oil-wells. Organic inhibitors reduce the dissolution of steel in acid but, it is hazardous, expensive and needs expertise to synthesize the inhibitor. Therefore, there is utmost required to study and compile the latest research about the eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, which showed more than 90% corrosion inhibition efficiency. In the present study, I have reviewed the state-of-arts, and compile the latest development in organic and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor used in acid environment as well as suggested about the future scope and role of green inhibitor for sustainable society, which is economical, less hazardous and readily available from the natural sources.
Sugar-Based Gemini Surfactants with Peptide Bonds─Synthesis, Adsorption, Micellization, and Biodegradability (2005)

The sugar-based gemini surfactant with peptide bonds, N,N'-bisalkyl-N,N'-bis[2-(lactobionylamide)ethyl]hexanediamide (2C(n)peLac, in which n represents hydrocarbon chain lengths of 12 and 16), was synthesized by reacting adipoyl chloride with the corresponding monomeric surfactant N-alkyl-N'-lactobionylethylenediamine (C(n)peLac), which was obtained by reacting ethylenediamine with alkyl bromide and lactobionic acid. The adsorption and micellization properties of C(n)peLac and 2C(n)peLac were characterized by the measurement of their equilibrium and dynamic surface tension, steady-state fluorescence using pyrene as a probe, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and time-resolved fluorescence quenching (TRFQ), and their biodegradability was also investigated. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) decreases with an increase in the hydrocarbon chains from monomeric to gemini surfactants, whereas it increases with an increase in the chain length from 12 to 16 for both systems. The increases in both the hydrocarbon chain and the chain length of sugar-based surfactants reduce surface activities such as the ability to lower the surface tension, the occupied area per molecule, and the adsorption rate at the air/water interface. The sugar-based surfactants C(n)peLac and 2C(n)peLac exhibit unique aggregation behavior in aqueous solution. The DLS results indicate that the apparent hydrodynamic diameter of C(n)peLac micelles decreases sharply with increasing concentration, whereas that of 2C(n)peLac micelles decreases gradually. From the TRFQ measurement, it was observed that, as concentration increases, the aggregation numbers are almost constant for C(n)peLac, whereas they increase for 2C(n)peLac. These results imply that loosely packed micelles formed by sugar-based surfactants become tightly packed micelles as the concentration increases. Furthermore, it was found that 2C(n)peLac shows lower biodegradability than does C(n)peLac because it contains tertiary amines in the molecule.
Early immunotherapy using autologous adult stem cells reversed the effect of anti-pancreatic islets in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus: Preliminary results (2013)

Treatment with autologous bone marrow stem cells is easy and effective as it reversed the production and effect of anti pancreatic islet antibody and significantly resulted in an increased c-peptide concentration.
Investigation of Partially Premixed Combustion in an Optical Engine: In-Cylinder Flow and Combustion Characterization (2017)

The diesel engine is one of the most economic power sources and is therefore used in a range of technical solutions. The low fuel consumption combined with high engine performance makes it attractive for transportation vehicles. They are relatively unproblematic in terms of emissions of carbon-monoxide and hydrocarbons but, on the other hand, they are associated with high emissions of nitrogen oxides and soot. In the atmosphere, these emissions constitute a serious concern for both human health and the environment. For this reason, the recent research and development efforts of many automakers and research institutes have shifted focus to new technologies such as advanced combustion concepts. Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is one of the novel combustion concepts that aim to yield low $NO_{x}$ and soot emissions while maintaining high engine efficiency. This combustion process belongs to a class of technologies called low temperature combustion concepts. In conventional diesel combustion, the combustion is promptly initiated by auto-ignition as fuel is injected into the cylinder, vaporizes, mixes, and reacts with hot air. In PPC, by contrast, all the fuel is injected before it auto-ignites, which is made possible by the distribution of mixture strengths (fuel stratification) prior to combustion. The PPC process combined with high exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) rates gives lower combustion temperatures and thus reduces the $NO_{x}$ emissions and soot formation.All the combustion occurs in premixed mode, which mainly means in mixture packets that have mixed with oxygen to different degrees during the ignition delay. The ignition delay is controlled by temperature, charge composition, fuel type and fuel injection timing. The work presented in this thesis is experimental investigations to understand the in-cylinder combustion and fuel–air mixing process under gasoline-PPC conditions. The first part describes a new approach to determine the in-cylinder combustion stratification for various injections strategies. The second part is devoted to the in-cylinder fluid motion which is important for the fuel-air mixing, heat transfer, combustion, and emission formation processes. For these two parts, an optical engine is used to carry out the experimental investigations. The last part consists of multi-cylinder experiments where the engine is fuelled with a blend between gasoline and ethanol and combustion is studied through an endoscope. Different strategies were used to maintain stable combustion and relatively low emissions of soot under PPC conditions.
Canine stem cell factor (c-kit ligand) supports the survival of hematopoietic progenitors in long-term canine marrow culture. (1992)

The cDNA for canine stem cell factor (cSCF, c-kit ligand) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein (rcSCF), 165 amino acids in length, is very similar structurally to the soluble form of previously cloned and sequenced rodent and human SCFs. The biological effects of rcSCF were studied in a day-10 granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) clonogenic assay and in long-term liquid bone marrow culture of non-adherent hematopoietic cells in the absence of a stromal underlayer. Synergism in the stimulation of growth of CFU-GM was demonstrated between rcSCF and both recombinant human (rh) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and naturally occurring colony-stimulating activity present in the serum of a neutropenic dog. Alone, rcSCF was nonstimulatory for committed marrow precursors in methylcellulose cultures and had minimal effect on hematopoietic progenitor cell survival in stromaless, liquid cultures. When rcSCF was combined with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated canine lymphocyte-conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) or rh interleukin 6 (IL-6), with or without rhGM-CSF, CFU-GM survived for up to 5 weeks. The combination of rcSCF and rhGM-CSF, without rhIL-6, led to an early increase in CFU-GM in liquid cultures that declined more rapidly than in flasks that included rhIL-6. Survival of progenitor cells was negligible beyond 1 week in flasks with growth factor combinations lacking rcSCF. Sustained production of nonadherent cells in long-term cultures also was dependent on rcSCF in combination with canine PHA-LCM or recombinant human growth factors. It appears that rcSCF, like that from rodent and primate species, has the ability to influence the survival and proliferation of CFU-GM, and perhaps earlier progenitor cells, in hematopoietic tissues. In a long-term liquid culture system in which growth factor production by stromal cells is limited, rcSCF possesses a unique ability to maintain the viability of progenitor cells for up to 5 weeks.
Detection of multiple source locations using a glowworm metaphor with applications to collective robotics (2005)

This paper presents a glowworm swarm based algorithm that finds solutions to optimization of multiple optima continuous functions. The algorithm is a variant of a well-known ant-colony optimization (ACO) technique, but with several significant modifications. Similar to how each moving region in the ACO technique is associated with a pheromone value, the agents in our algorithm carry a luminescence quantity along with them. Agents are thought of as glowworms that emit a light whose intensity is proportional to the associated luminescence and have a circular sensor range. The glowworms depend on a local-decision domain to compute their movements. Simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed glowworm based algorithm in capturing multiple optima of a multimodal function. The above optimization scenario solves problems where a collection of autonomous robots is used to form a mobile sensor network. In particular, we address the problem of detecting multiple sources of a general nutrient profile that is distributed spatially on a two dimensional workspace using multiple robots.
Assembly of Multi-gene Pathways and Combinatorial Pathway Libraries Through ePathBrick Vectors (2013)

As an emerging discipline, synthetic biology is becoming increasingly important to design, construct, and optimize metabolic pathways leading to desired phenotypes such as overproduction of biofuels and pharmaceuticals in genetically tractable organisms. We have recently developed a versatile gene assembly platform ePathBricks supporting the modular assembly of multi-gene pathway components and combinatorial generation of pathway diversities. In this protocol, we will detail the process to assemble a seven gene flavonoid pathway (~9 kb) on one single ePathBrick vector. We will also demonstrate that a three-gene flavonoid pathway can be easily diversified to 54 pathway equivalents differing in pathway configuration and gene order; coupled with high-throughput screening techniques, we envision that this combinatorial strategy would greatly improve our ability to exploit the full potential of microbial cell factories for recombinant metabolite production.
Architecture, Implementation and Performance of Ground- Based Beam Forming in the DBSD G1 Mobile Satellite System (2010)

Launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on April 14, 2008, DBSD G1 is the world’s first satelite to utilize a two-way Ground Based Beam Forming (GBBF) system. Designed and built by Space Systems/Loral (SS/L), G1 has 250 fully configurable transmit and receive beams. SS/L is first in developing two-way GBBF, and a patent is pending for the company’s invention of the technology. With GBBF, spot beams can be added, removed or reconfigured to enable a satellite to operate from different orbital locations and to adapt to changes in traffic patterns or to new applications. With beam forming performed on the ground, the cost and time to deliver a highly flexible satellite are significantly reduced. Hughes Network Systems LLC (Hughes) developed and implemented the high speed signal conditioning and processing ground equipment that enables GBBF. This paper describes the architecture design and deployment of this new technology in commercial satellite applications, lowering the demand on satellite resources and lowering satellite development risk. The overall GBBF architecture, its benefits, and its limitations will be discussed. Key to successfully forming and maintaining hundreds of beams, the GBBF system performs continual calibration to correct for forward uplink power control, Doppler, return feed path gain and phase imbalance, pointing error, and forward feed path gain and phase imbalance and multi-port amplifier cross-coupling. The design and verification of this vital calibration function is presented. In addition, challenges encountered during the development and the operational performance of the GBBF system are discussed. 1 Director Space Systems, Communications System, walkerjo@ssd.loral.com, 3825 Fabian Way M/S G-10, Palo Alto, CA 94303. 2 Senior Vice President, Space Systems, bob.day@ico.com, 222 N. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 1770, El Segundo, CA 90245. 3 Senior Technical Director, Mobilesat, sarah.xie@hughes.com, 11717 Exploration Lane M/S L2A, Germantown, MD 20876. 4 The G1 satellite was launched by a subsidiary of ICO Global Communications, ICO North America. The company name was changed from ICO North America to DBSD North America in May, 2009, and the G1 satellite is in the process of being redesignated as DBSD G1. 28th AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC-2010) 30 August 2 September 2010, Anaheim, California AIAA 2010-8824 Copyright © 2010 by John L. Walker. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2 Nomenclature Ac = Amplitude coefficient weight Aei = Estimate of amplitude (Gain) through path i Api = Amplitude (Gain) through path i c = speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum Ei = Residual Error fr = frequency at receiver ftx = frequency at transmitter j = 1  Θc = Phase coefficient weight Θei = Estimate of phase through path i Θpi = Phase through path i
Error Concealment for the Scalable Extension of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (2007)

Error concealment is of crucial importance when transmitting digital video material over error-prone channels. Indeed, loss of information can result in severe degradation of the video quality if precautions are not taken to contain the effect and propagation of errors. In this paper, we present an error concealment mechanism that supports quality scalability in packet-based transmission of video encoded with the recently developed scalable extension of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, also known as Scalable Video Coding (SVC). Experimental results show that our error concealment yields significantly better average video quality results than the non-normative errorconcealment tool of the reference SVC-codec. Also, the visual results demonstrate the importance of error concealment with support for quality scalability. Index Terms — H.264/MPEG-4, SVC, error resilience, error concealment, SNR scalability.