gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS): Molecular Neurogenetic Evidence for Predisposition to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) (2014)

We have published extensively on the neurogenetics of brain reward systems with reference to the genes related to dopaminergic function in particular. In 1996, we coined "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS), to portray behaviors found to have gene-based association with hypodopaminergic function. RDS as a useful concept has been embraced in many subsequent studies, to increase our understanding of Substance Use Disorder (SUD), addictions, and other obsessive, compulsive, and impulsive behaviors. Interestingly, albeit others, in one published study, we were able to describe lifetime RDS behaviors in a recovering addict (17 years sober) blindly by assessing resultant Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS™) data only. We hypothesize that genetic testing at an early age may be an effective preventive strategy to reduce or eliminate pathological substance and behavioral seeking activity. Here, we consider a select number of genes, their polymorphisms, and associated risks for RDS whereby, utilizing GWAS, there is evidence for convergence to reward candidate genes. The evidence presented serves as a plausible brain-print providing relevant genetic information that will reinforce targeted therapies, to improve recovery and prevent relapse on an individualized basis. The primary driver of RDS is a hypodopaminergic trait (genes) as well as epigenetic states (methylation and deacetylation on chromatin structure). We now have entered a new era in addiction medicine that embraces the neuroscience of addiction and RDS as a pathological condition in brain reward circuitry that calls for appropriate evidence-based therapy and early genetic diagnosis and that requires further intensive investigation.
Targeted disruption of the mouse gene encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein provides insights into congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (1997)

An essential component of regulated steroidogenesis is the translocation of cholesterol from the cytoplasm to the inner mitochondrial membrane where the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme carries out the first committed step in steroidogenesis. Recent studies showed that a 30-kDa mitochondrial phosphoprotein, designated steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), is essential for this translocation. To allow us to explore the roles of StAR in a system amenable to experimental manipulation and to develop an animal model for the human disorder lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid CAH), we used targeted gene disruption to produce StAR knockout mice. These StAR knockout mice were indistinguishable initially from wild-type littermates, except that males and females had female external genitalia. After birth, they failed to grow normally and died from adrenocortical insufficiency. Hormone assays confirmed severe defects in adrenal steroids-with loss of negative feedback regulation at hypothalamic-pituitary levels-whereas hormones constituting the gonadal axis did not differ significantly from levels in wild-type littermates. Histologically, the adrenal cortex of StAR knockout mice contained florid lipid deposits, with lesser deposits in the steroidogenic compartment of the testis and none in the ovary. The sex-specific differences in gonadal involvement support a two-stage model of the pathogenesis of StAR deficiency, with trophic hormone stimulation inducing progressive accumulation of lipids within the steroidogenic cells and ultimately causing their death. These StAR knockout mice provide a useful model system in which to determine the mechanisms of StAR's essential roles in adrenocortical and gonadal steroidogenesis.
The horizontal computerized rotational impulse test (2017)

Whole-body impulsive rotations were used to overcome several limitations associated with manual head impulse testing. A computer-controlled rotational chair delivered brief, whole-body, earth-vertical axis yaw impulsive rotations while eye movements were measured using video-oculography. Results from an unselected group of 20 patients with dizziness and a group of 22 control subjects indicated that the horizontal computerized rotational head impulse test (crHIT) is well-tolerated and provides an estimate of unidirectional vestibulo-ocular reflex gain comparable to results from caloric testing. This study demonstrates that the horizontal crHIT is a new assessment tool that overcomes many of the limitations of manual head impulse testing and provides a reliable laboratory-based measure of unilateral horizontal semicircular canal function.
Research Report: Volume Rendering for Relational Data (1997)

A method for efficiently volume rendering dense scatterplots of relational data is described. Plotting difficulties that arise from large numbers of data points, categorical variables, interaction with non-axis dimensions, and unknown values, are addressed by this method. The domain of the plot is voxelized using binning and then volume rendered. Since a table is used as the underlying data structure, no storage is wasted on regions with no data. The opacity of each voxel is a function of the number of data points in a corresponding bin. A voxel's color is derived by averaging the value of one of the variables for all the data points that fall in a bin. Other variables in the data may be mapped to external query sliders. A dragger object permits a user to select regions inside the volume.
<title>Optical coupling mechanisms in quantum well infrared photodetectors</title> (1997)

Light coupling systems, such as gratings are required because quantum well infrared photodetectors do not respond to normal incident light due to the quantum mechanical selection rules associated with intersubband transitions. The resolution of the photolithography and accuracy of the etching become key issues in producing smaller grating features sizes especially in shorter wavelengths. An enhancement factor of three due to 2D periodic grating fabricated on a QWIP structure was observed. Variation of the enhancement factor with groove depth and feature size of the grating can be theoretically explained.
Self-referenced spectral-domain interferometry for terahertz detection (2013)

We demonstrate a novel technique for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of terahertz detection, based on self-referencing spectral-domain interferometry. We test and compare the terahertz electric field measured using this method with standard electro-optic sampling technique.
Evaluation of eight live attenuated vaccine candidates for protection against challenge with virulent Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in mice (2014)

Johne's disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which results in serious economic losses worldwide in farmed livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. To control this disease, an effective vaccine with minimal adverse effects is needed. In order to identify a live vaccine for Johne's disease, we evaluated eight attenuated mutant strains of MAP using a C57BL/6 mouse model. The persistence of the vaccine candidates was measured at 6, 12, and 18 weeks post vaccination. Only strains 320, 321, and 329 colonized both the liver and spleens up until the 12-week time point. The remaining five mutants showed no survival in those tissues, indicating their complete attenuation in the mouse model. The candidate vaccine strains demonstrated different levels of protection based on colonization of the challenge strain in liver and spleen tissues at 12 and 18 weeks post vaccination. Based on total MAP burden in both tissues at both time points, strain 315 (MAP1566::Tn5370) was the most protective whereas strain 318 (intergenic Tn5367 insertion between MAP0282c and MAP0283c) had the most colonization. Mice vaccinated with an undiluted commercial vaccine preparation displayed the highest bacterial burden as well as enlarged spleens indicative of a strong infection. Selected vaccine strains that showed promise in the mouse model were moved forward into a goat challenge model. The results suggest that the mouse trial, as conducted, may have a relatively poor predictive value for protection in a ruminant host such as goats.
UHF RFID Tags for On-/Off-Metal Applications Fabricated Using Additive Manufacturing (2017)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag design is generally focused specifically on either off-metal or on-metal configurations. In this letter, passive 2-D and 3-D RFID tags are presented, which perform similarly in both configurations. The tags operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) RFID UHF bands (864-868 MHz and 902-928 MHz). A matching loop consisting of two parallel stubs to ground is used for impedance matching to a passive integrated circuit, which has -18-dBm sensitivity. A planar 2-D tag with a footprint of 13126.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is first introduced, showing a simulated gain of approximately 3 dBi and a measured read range of 10 m (for 31-dBm transmit power from the reader) in both on-metal and off-metal conditions. The tag is miniaturized into a 3-D geometry with a footprint of 2524.25 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (520% reduction) and achieves the same broadside simulated on-metal gain. The antennas are fabricated using a 3-D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The conductive layer is realized by microdispensing silver paste (Dupont CB028). A meshed ground configuration is explored in order to accomplish a 50% conductive paste reduction without disrupting the performance. The proposed tags are compared to commercially available tags as well as previously published tags in terms of read range and size. The tags in this letter present an improvement in terms of read range, gain, and area with respect to previous designs covering the ISM RFID UHF bands. Moreover, the performance of these tags is maintained in on- and off-metal conditions, achieving comparable performance and a reduction in volume of 11 482% with respect to the best tag reported.
Femtosecond synchronization of radio frequency signals with optical pulse trains (2004)

A synchronization scheme for extraction of low-jitter rf signals from optical pulse trains, which is robust against photodetector nonlinearities, is described. The scheme is based on a transfer of timing information into an intensity imbalance of the two output beams from a Sagnac loop. Sub-100-fs timing jitter between the extracted 2-GHz rf signal and the 100-MHz optical pulse train from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is demonstrated.
A multiresolution approach to binary tree representations of images (1991)

A multiresolution method for constructing a BSP (binary space partitioning) tree is introduced. This approach derives a hierarchy (pyramid) of scale-space images from the original image. In this hierarchy, a BSP tree of an image is built from other trees representing low-resolution images of the pyramid. A low-resolution image BSP tree serves as an initial guess to construct a higher-resolution image tree. Due to filtering when constructing the pyramid, details are discarded. As a result, a more robust segmentation is obtained. Moreover a significant computational advantage is achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vigilante (2008)

Worm containment must be automatic because worms can spread too fast for humans to respond. Recent work proposed network-level techniques to automate worm containment; these techniques have limitations because there is no information about the vulnerabilities exploited by worms at the network level. We propose Vigilante, a new end-to-end architecture to contain worms automatically that addresses these limitations. In Vigilante, hosts detect worms by instrumenting vulnerable programs to analyze infection attempts. We introduce dynamic data-flow analysis : a broad-coverage host-based algorithm that can detect unknown worms by tracking the flow of data from network messages and disallowing unsafe uses of this data. We also show how to integrate other host-based detection mechanisms into the Vigilante architecture. Upon detection, hosts generate self-certifying alerts (SCAs), a new type of security alert that can be inexpensively verified by any vulnerable host. Using SCAs, hosts can cooperate to contain an outbreak, without having to trust each other. Vigilante broadcasts SCAs over an overlay network that propagates alerts rapidly and resiliently. Hosts receiving an SCA protect themselves by generating filters with vulnerability condition slicing : an algorithm that performs dynamic analysis of the vulnerable program to identify control-flow conditions that lead to successful attacks. These filters block the worm attack and all its polymorphic mutations that follow the execution path identified by the SCA. Our results show that Vigilante can contain fast-spreading worms that exploit unknown vulnerabilities, and that Vigilante's filters introduce a negligible performance overhead. Vigilante does not require any changes to hardware, compilers, operating systems, or the source code of vulnerable programs; therefore, it can be used to protect current software binaries.
The Li4Ti5 O 12/PAN Electrolyte// LiMn2 O 4 Rechargeable Battery with Passivation‐Free Electrodes (1998)

The Li‐ion cell, //PAN electrolyte//, appears to be a classic example of a battery with passivation‐free electrodes. Its gross impedance characteristics remain steady during long‐term cycling at high charge/discharge rates. The cell showed excellent rechargeability at >99.9% coulombic efficiency for nearly 250 full‐depth cycles, at a 1C discharge rate and a C/5 charge rate. The capacity fade was low at approximately 0.12% per cycle at around 100 cycles and ∼0.05% at around 200 cycles. Excellent utilizations of the cathode and anode were observed with values of 100 mAh/g of and 140 mAh/g of at 1C discharge rate, and 70 mAh/g of and 92 mAh/g of at 7.5C discharge rate. Electrode utilizations were significantly better under pulse discharge conditions at the 8C–16C rates. The energy density of the cell, calculated with a cell voltage of 2.6 V and practically observed cathode and anode capacities at the C/10 discharge rate, is 60 Wh/kg. The weights of the electrodes, current collectors, and electrolyte are included in this value. It is suitable for applications where high power and very long cycle life are required.
New x-ray source for lithography (1989)

We propose the use of electromagnetic waves as an undulator in order to generate x rays in the wavelength range required for fabrication of integrated circuits. The configuration consists of a quasi-optical maser cavity through which a beam of relativistic electrons is made to propagate, spontaneously emitting x rays of the desired energy. The scaling of the x-ray power with wavelength indicates that the throughput can be increased by using resists which are sensitive to shorter wavelength x rays.
<title>Laser machinable glass</title> (2004)

Recently we found that titanium ions in glass are effective to reduce the ablation threshold in the UV laser irradiation. In case of Nd:YAG fourth harmonic generation (FHG, wavelength: 266 nm) irradiation, glass containing titanium ions showed 1/10 times smaller threshold compared with conventional one used for optics or windows. We named this Ti-containing glass Laser Machinable Glass (LMG). In this paper we present some applications made of LMG, a 4x4 planar micro hole array (PMH) for optical fibers alignment, a micro well array for reaction of a small amount of chemicals, and a micro channel used in the bio-chemical field. Using LMG for laser machining, all samples were fabricated precisely without cracking and chipping. We also successfully synthesized new Ti-containing laser machinable glass with thermal expansion coefficient below 40x10<sup>-7</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>. The ablation threshold of this low-thermal-expansion glass was about 1.4 times lower than that of Pyrex. Moreover, this glass showed 25 times higher durability to NaOH (pH=10) than Pyrex.
Investigations into Apopinene as a Biorenewable Monomer for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2015)

The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of apopinene is reported. We find that apopinene reacts with Ru-based metathesis catalysts to provide an all trans-polymer with a polydispersity index (PDI) as low as 1.6 and molecular weights in the 1100 to 15 600 g·mol–1 range (9–127 monomer units). Because apopinene is readily prepared in one-step from myrtenal or two-steps from α-pinene, both of which are commercially available and naturally abundant, these studies indicate that apopinene might find future use as a new biorenewable precursor for the sustainable production of ROMP-based materials.
Automatic linearity (IP3) test with built-in pattern generator and analyzer (2005)

We present a built-in self-test (BIST) approach based on direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for functionality testing of analog circuitry in mixed-signal systems. Of particular interest, and a main contribution of This work, is the BIST-based hardware implementation and measurement of amplifier linearity (IP3) test using DDS. The approach described in This work has been implemented in Verilog and synthesized into FPGAs where it was used for functional testing and compared to simulation results.
Stripe sensor tomography (2008)

We introduce a general concept of tomographic imaging for the case of an imaging sensor that has a stripelike shape. We first show that there is no difference, in principle, between two-dimensional tomography using conventional electromagnetic or particle radiation and tomography where a stripe sensor is mechanically scanned over a sample at a sequence of different angles. For a single stripe detector imaging, linear motion and angular rotation are required. We experimentally demonstrate single stripe sensor imaging principle using an elongated inductive coil detector. By utilizing an array of parallel stripe sensors that can be individually addressed, two-dimensional imaging can be performed with rotation only, eliminating the requirement for linear motion, as we also experimentally demonstrate with parallel coil array. We conclude that imaging with a stripe-type sensor of particular width and thickness (where the width is much larger than the thickness) is resolution limited only by the thickness (smaller parameter) of the sensor. We give examples of multiple sensor families where this imaging technique may be beneficial such as magnetoresistive, inductive, superconducting quantum interference device, and Hall effect sensors, and, in particular, discuss the possibilities of the technique in the field of magnetic resonance imaging.
Organic nanofibrils based on linear carbazole trimer for explosive sensing (2010)

Organic fluorescent nanofibrils were fabricated from a linear carbazole trimer and employed for expedient detection of nitroaromatic explosives (DNT and TNT) and highly volatile nitroaliphatic explosives (nitromethane).
An electronically-steerable artificial-impedance-surface antenna (2014)

A Ku-band, electronically-steerable, artificial-impedance-surface antenna (AISA) was designed, fabricated and measured. It is capable of scanning in elevation from -5° to 80° with gain variation of less than 3 dB. The antenna operates by launching a surface wave along a surface-wave waveguide (SWG) whose impedance elements are rectangular patches with electrically tunable capacitors between them. The radiation beam is scanned in elevation by applying voltages to the varactors to change SWG's impedance pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: Thienothiopyran‐2‐sulfonamides: A Novel Class of Water‐Soluble Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. (1987)

Abstract The sulfonamides (II) ‐ (VIII) are prepared from the thienothiopyran (I) as outlined in the reaction scheme.
Organ circuitry for providing fill notes and method of operating the organ (1979)

First Page
Mask technology for excimer laser projection ablation (1997)

Excimer laser projection ablation is a dry, precise patterning process in which an intense beam of ultraviolet light from an excimer laser is used to directly pattern a material. This technique has been used in industrial applications for patterning both organic and inorganic materials. In the manufacturing of microelectronics devices, laser ablation is used extensively to pattern insulating layers in the multi- level thin film packages. Excimer laser projection ablation is very similar to optical projection lithography, both using a photomask or reticle which contains a master pattern. The mask used in a 1X projection laser ablation tool, however, must withstand significantly higher energy densities than conventional photolithographic masks. A number of mask technologies have been developed specifically for 1X excimer laser projection ablation. These masks include dielectric layers on quartz masks, thick films of aluminum on quartz masks, binary phase shifted grating masks and holographic masks. This paper presents a review of these mask types. Critical issues such as fabrication processes, advantages and disadvantages, cost and availability of each mask are discussed.
Effects of Position Sensing Dynamics on Feedback Current Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (2018)

This paper discusses the effect of dynamics involved in position sensing, including time-delays caused by sensor magnetics, electrical transmission and A/D conversion of sensed signals, on the feedback current control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Position sensing dynamics essentially result in the position measurement errors, which will degrade the steady-state and dynamical tracking performance of the current and torque of the drive system. A detailed analytical model capturing the impact of errors caused by position sensing dynamics as well as back-EMF position offset on the feedback current control system for PMSM drives, along with an effective compensation technique, are presented in this paper. The overall block diagram of the closed-loop current control system in the synchronous frame considering the position sensing related errors is also presented. The analysis is validated through numerous simulation and experimental results for the practical nonsalient-pole and salient-pole PMSMs.
ISSSR ’97 PAPER A Spectro-Polarimetric Imager for Scene Discrimination (1998)

We have assembled a wide spectral range, allelectronic spectro-polarimetric imager utilizing an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF), a liquid crystal variable retardation plate, and real-time, softwareadaptable signature masks. This combination of rapidly adjustable parameters allows operation at 30/sec. frame rate, and near real time adaptability to changing target signatures. The spectral capability of the AOTF permits us to apply simultaneous, multiple wavelength filtering which greatly increases selectivity. Electronically agile polarization analysis adds a valuable signature feature for many scenarios. The adjustable retardation gives the capability to analyze and display not only linear polarization, but more generally, elliptical polarization as well. We have developed background suppression algorithms based on spectral and polarization signatures so that a wide variety of targets may be displayed with greatly enhanced contrast. We present several examples of battle scene target identification and detection of road hazards for vehicle navigation.