gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithm and VLSI architecture of a parallel arithmetic entropy coder for parallel H.264 video encoders (2010)

This paper proposes the algorithm and its hardware architecture of a new CABAC-based parallel arithmetic entropy coder for on-chip large-scale parallel H.264 video coders. The proposed entropy coder partitions syntax elements into three independent groups according to their semantic dependencies, and processes them in three parallel threads, each of which is implemented as a fully pipelined hardware accelerator driving by Syntax Element Instructions. To preserve decodability, each thread of the proposed entropy coder deals with the syntax elements in the way of CABAC. This orthogonality allows the previous symbol-level parallel techniques to be applied in each of its threads to further improve the throughput. However, this feature also constrains the partitioning of the syntax elements and thus the obtained speedups. Simulation and physical implementation results show that, the proposed coder can double its throughput at the expense of about 60% hardware transistors compared to CABAC while keeping the advantage of arithmetic coding against the other methods.
Raloxifene and ICI182,780 Increase Estrogen Receptor-α Association with a Nuclear Compartment via Overlapping Sets of Hydrophobic Amino Acids in Activation Function 2 Helix 12 (2007)

The basis for the differential repressive effects of antiestrogens on transactivation by estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the full antiestrogen ICI182,780 and, to a lesser extent, the selective ER modulator raloxifene (Ral), induce accumulation of exogenous ERalpha in a poorly soluble fraction in transiently transfected HepG2 or stably transfected MDA-MB231 cells and of endogenous receptor in MCF7 cells. ERalpha remained nuclear in HepG2 cells treated with either compound. Replacement of selected hydrophobic residues of ERalpha ligand-binding domain helix 12 (H12) enhanced receptor solubility in the presence of ICI182,780 or Ral. These mutations also increased transcriptional activity with Ral or ICI182,780 on reporter genes or on the endogenous estrogen target gene TFF1 in a manner requiring the integrity of the N-terminal AF-1 domain. The antiestrogen-specific effects of single mutations suggest that they affect receptor function by mechanisms other than a simple decrease in hydrophobicity of H12, possibly due to relief from local steric hindrance between these residues and the antiestrogen side chains. Fluorescence anisotropy experiments indicated an enhanced regional stabilization of mutant ligand-binding domains in the presence of antiestrogens. H12 mutations also prevent the increase in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer between ERalpha monomers induced by Ral or ICI182,780 and increase intranuclear receptor mobility in correlation with transcriptional activity in the presence of these antiestrogens. Our data indicate that ICI182,780 and Ral locally alter the ERalpha ligand binding structure via specific hydrophobic residues of H12 and decrease its transcriptional activity through tighter association with an insoluble nuclear structure.
Identification of the m6Am methyltransferase PCIF1 reveals the location and functions of m6Am in the transcriptome (2018)

mRNAs are regulated by nucleotide modifications that influence their cellular fate. Two of the most abundant modified nucleotides are N6-methyladenosine (m6A), found within mRNAs, and N6,2-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), which is found at the first-transcribed nucleotide. A long-standing challenge has been distinguishing these similar modifications in transcriptome-wide mapping studies. Here we identify and biochemically characterize, PCIF1, the methyltransferase that generates m6Am. We find that PCIF1 binds and is dependent on the m7G cap. By depleting PCIF1, we definitively identified m6Am sites and generated transcriptome-wide maps that are selective for m6Am and m6A. We find that m6A and m6Am misannotations largely arise from mRNA isoforms with alternate transcription-start sites. These isoforms contain m6Am that appear to map to internal sites, increasing the likelihood of misannotation. Using the new m6Am annotations, we find that depleting m6Am does not affect mRNA translation but reduces the stability of a subset of m6Am-annotated mRNAs. The discovery of PCIF1 and our accurate mapping technique will facilitate future studies to characterize m6Ams function.
Microstructural Evolution, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics of Mo-Tm2O3 Powder Mixtures during Ball Milling (2016)

The microstructural evolution, thermodynamics, and kinetics of Mo (21 wt %) Tm₂O₃ powder mixtures during ball milling were investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ball milling induced Tm₂O₃ to be decomposed and then dissolved into Mo crystal. After 96 h of ball milling, Tm₂O₃ was dissolved completely and the supersaturated nanocrystalline solid solution of Mo (Tm, O) was obtained. The Mo lattice parameter increased with increasing ball-milling time, opposite for the Mo grain size. The size and lattice parameter of Mo grains was about 8 nm and 0.31564 nm after 96 h of ball milling, respectively. Ball milling induced the elements of Mo, Tm, and O to be distributed uniformly in the ball-milled particles. Based on the semi-experimental theory of Miedema, a thermodynamic model was developed to calculate the driving force of phase evolution. There was no chemical driving force to form a crystal solid solution of Tm atoms in Mo crystal or an amorphous phase because the Gibbs free energy for both processes was higher than zero. For Mo (21 wt %) Tm₂O₃, it was mechanical work, not the negative heat of mixing, which provided the driving force to form a supersaturated nanocrystalline Mo (Tm, O) solid solution.
Copolymerization of Ethylene with Cyclohexene (CHE) Catalyzed by<i>Nonbridged</i>Half-Titanocenes Containing Aryloxo Ligand:  Notable Effect of Both Cyclopentadienyl and Anionic Donor Ligand for Efficient CHE Incorporation (2005)

Cyclohexene (CHE) has been incorporated into the polymer chain in ethylene/CHE copolymerization by nonbridged half-titanocenes containing aryloxo ligands of the type, Cp'TiCl2(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3), in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalyst. The effect of the substituent in the cyclopentadienyl fragment was found to be very important for CHE incorporation; both the tert-BuCp (3) and 1,2,4-Me3Cp analogues (4) showed efficient CHE incorporation, whereas a negligible amount of CHE incorporation was observed by both the indenyl (1) and the Cp* analogue (2) under the same conditions. Cp-ketimide analogue, CpTiCl2(N=CtBu2) (5), zirconocene-like Cp2ZrCl2 (6), and linked half-titanocene-like [Me2Si(C5Me4)(NtBu)]TiCl2 (7) did not show any CHE incorporation under the same conditions; unique characteristics for using this type of catalyst precursor for the present copolymerization have thus been emphasized.
Percutaneous absorption of clobetasol propionate from novel ointment and cream formulations (1985)

The percutaneous absorption of clobetasol propionate from Dermovate® (Glaxo) ointment and cream was modified by reformulation. Propylene glycol, acting as vehicle for the steroid, was removed and replaced by di‐n‐butyl adipate. This significantly reduced the brightness of vasoconstriction over 24 h, after application of the new formulations to the forearms of healthy volunteers; the areas of vasoconstriction were slightly increased. Plasma cortisol levels were not affected by 12 nightly applications of 15 g of each of the new formulations, whereas this regimen produced marked depression of plasma cortisol levels when Dermovate was used. Circulating levels of clobetasol propionate were considerably lower over a 96‐h period after applications of 30 g of the new formulations in comparison with the marketed formulations. The percutaneous absorption of clobetasol propionate was therefore considerably reduced by reformulation. The implications for therapy are discussed.
Triaza-macrocyclic complexes of aluminium, gallium and indium halides: fast<sup>18</sup>F and<sup>19</sup>F incorporation via halide exchange under mild conditions in aqueous solution (2013)

Rapid and complete fluorination of the complexes [MCl3(L)] (L = Me3-tacn, BzMe2-tacn, M = Al, Ga, In) occurs at room temperature via reaction of a MeCN solution of the complex with 3 mol equiv. of KF in water. The Ga and In complexes are also readily fluorinated using R4NF (R = Me or nBu) in MeCN solution, whereas no reaction occurs with the Al species under these conditions. The distorted octahedral fac-trifluoride coordination at M is confirmed in solution by multinuclear (19F, 27Al, 71Ga and 115In) NMR spectroscopic studies, leading to sharp resonances with 19F–71Ga and 19F–115In couplings evident. The [MF3(L)] are extremely stable in aqueous solution and at low pH; they crystallise as tetrahydrates, [MF3(Me3-tacn)]·4H2O, with extended H-bonding networks formed through both F⋯H–O and O⋯H–O contacts. [InF3(BzMe2-tacn)]·1.2H2O also shows intermolecular F⋯H–O hydrogen bonding contacts. The prospects for developing this coordination chemistry further to take advantage of the high metal–fluoride bond energies to enable rapid, late-stage fluorination of large macromolecules under mild conditions for PET imaging applications in nuclear medicine are discussed. This work also demonstrates that F-18 radiolabelling to form [F-18] [GaF3(BzMe2-tacn)] is effected readily at room temperature in aqueous MeCN over 30–60 min on addition of 2.99 mol equiv. of [19F]–KFaq and 0.4 mL [18F]–KFaq (100–500 MBq) to [GaCl3(BzMe2-tacn)] with ca. 30% incorporation.
Recent progress in electron beam mastering for 100Gb/in<sup>2</sup>and beyond (2004)

We improved the electron beam recorder with a differential pumping head for higher density discs and mass production. The beam diameters were improved by exchanging the aperture size of the objective lens and beam stability were also improved by adding a sound proof case. As for the performance of the improved electron beam recorder, we showed that a 104Gb/in<sup>2</sup> (150GB capacity/layer) density disc with EFM plus modulation codes can be fabricated. We also improved the pit shape uniformity and a margin of the process by introducing the appropriate write strategy that is simulated by the Monte Carlo simulation to the recording pulses.
Efficient Methods to Compute Genomic Predictions (2008)

Efficient methods for processing genomic data were developed to increase reliability of estimated breeding values and to estimate thousands of marker effects simultaneously. Algorithms were derived and computer programs tested with simulated data for 2,967 bulls and 50,000 markers distributed randomly across 30 chromosomes. Estimation of genomic inbreeding coefficients required accurate estimates of allele frequencies in the base population. Linear model predictions of breeding values were computed by 3 equivalent methods: 1) iteration for individual allele effects followed by summation across loci to obtain estimated breeding values, 2) selection index including a genomic relationship matrix, and 3) mixed model equations including the inverse of genomic relationships. A blend of first- and second-order Jacobi iteration using 2 separate relaxation factors converged well for allele frequencies and effects. Reliability of predicted net merit for young bulls was 63% compared with 32% using the traditional relationship matrix. Nonlinear predictions were also computed using iteration on data and nonlinear regression on marker deviations; an additional (about 3%) gain in reliability for young bulls increased average reliability to 66%. Computing times increased linearly with number of genotypes. Estimation of allele frequencies required 2 processor days, and genomic predictions required <1 d per trait, and traits were processed in parallel. Information from genotyping was equivalent to about 20 daughters with phenotypic records. Actual gains may differ because the simulation did not account for linkage disequilibrium in the base population or selection in subsequent generations.
Structural Damage Diagnosis and Isolation Using Artificial Neural Networks Based on Non Parametric Subpace Residual (2009)

International audience
Five-year survival and durability results of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)

Key Points A total of 38% of patients who achieved CR (13 of 34) on brentuximab vedotin have remained in remission for >5 years and may be cured. Nine of the 13 patients (9% of all enrolled patients) have remained in long-term remission without a consolidative allogeneic transplant.
Multi-robot adversarial patrolling: facing coordinated attacks (2014)

The use of robot teams is common for performing patrol tasks, in which the robots are required to repeatedly visit a target area (perimeter, in our case) controlled by an adversary, in order to detect penetrations. Previous work has focused on determining the optimal patrol algorithm when facing a general adversary that tries to penetrate once through the patrol path. There, the robots' goal is to detect penetrations, i.e., the robots do not change their behavior once a penetration is detected. Requiring the robots to physically inspect penetration attempts can have far reaching consequences on the performance of the patrol algorithm. Specifically, it creates vulnerability points along the patrol path that a knowledgeable adversary can take advantage of. In this work we investigate the problem of coordinated attacks, in which the adversary initiates two attacks in order to maximize its chances of successful penetration, assuming a robot from the team will be sent to examine a penetration attempt. We suggest an algorithm that computes the optimal robot strategy for handling such coordinated attacks, and show that despite its exponential time complexity, practical run time of the algorithm can be significantly reduced without harming the optimality of the strategy.
Increasing knowledge of <i>PTEN</i> germline mutations: Two additional patients with autism and macrocephaly (2007)

Recently, Butler et al. [2005; J Med Genet 42:318-321] reported the presence of heterozygous germline mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in three children with autism and macrocephaly. Here, we report the presence of PTEN mutations in two additional unrelated children with macrocephaly and autism. Our findings extend those of Butler et al. and suggest that PTEN gene sequencing should be included in the genetic evaluation of this subset of autistic individuals.
Relationship of causative organism and time to infection among children with cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection (2019)

No significant difference in time to infection based on the causative organism was observed among children with a CSF shunt infection.
Maintaining body temperature (2007)

(2007). Maintaining body temperature. Veterinary Nursing Journal: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 16-20.
Time- and Frequency-Domain-Spread Generalized Multicarrier DS-CDMA Using Subspace-Based Blind and Group-Blind Space–Time Multiuser Detection (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Subspace-based blind and group-blind space–time (ST) multiuser detection (MUD) is invoked for a smart-antenna-aided generalized multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (MC DS-CDMA) system communicating over a dispersive ST Rayleigh fading channel, where the channel estimates are attained by using subspace-based blind techniques. Smart antennas are employed to provide increased degrees of freedom and, hence, to improve both the attainable single-user performance and the multiuser capacity. Furthermore, two adaptive subspace-tracking algorithms, i.e., the Projection Approximation Subspace-Tracking deflation (PASTd) algorithm and the Noise-Averaged Hermitian–Jacobi Fast Subspace Tracking (NAHJ-FST) algorithm, are employed for the sake of reducing the computational complexity imposed by eigenvalue decomposition. When employing the NAHJ-FST algorithm, the group-blind MUD employing an antenna array having <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$M = 2$</tex></formula> elements exposed to uncorrelated fading achieved a 4.2-dB signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) gain at a bit error rate (BER) of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$10^{-4}$</tex></formula> compared with that employing a single antenna, which is an explicit benefit of its increased computational complexity. </para>
Plasma Processing of Oils Using a Corona Reactor (2014)

As the demand for energy grows, all available resources will have to be utilized. Heavy oils are one underutilized resource that represents 50% of all the oil resources, but only accounts for 10% of all oil production. Heavy oils are most valuable once they have been refined. Current methods of breaking long hydrocarbon chains include thermal cracking, coking, visbreaking, hydrocracking, and catalytic cracking. This thesis investigates an alternate process, specifically the ability of nonthermal corona plasma to crack heavy and extra heavy crude oil. Preliminary experiments determined the optimal electrode configuration and the temperature at which the oil should be processed in order to achieve a maximum current. These experiments were carried out in air at atmospheric pressure inside a fume hood. The variables considered were the number of high voltage points, the distance between the surface of the oil and the high voltage electrode, the depth of the oil, and the temperature of the oil. It was found that a higher temperature or a lower viscosity increased the conductivity of the heavy oil. A hexagonal multipoint high voltage electrode distributed the discharge over the cross sectional area of the oil while increasing the maximum current that could be applied to the oil before sparking occurred. The optimum distances for the multipoint-to-plane corona discharge were 30 mm between the electrodes and an oil depth of 15 mm. The preliminary experimental results were applied toward the final experimental determination of the cracking abilities of the corona reactor. \n\nTo capitalize on the fact that distillation towers are readily available in industry, one was constructed to contain the corona reactor. Distillation towers are used in refineries to separate different oil fractions by their boiling points. The entire tower was heated and the all the light condensates were separated from the heavy residue in a single batch process. The masses of the condensate and the residual were recorded to quantify the efficiency of the corona reactor in producing light oil. The corona discharge yielded more condensates than its control counterparts which were only thermally treated, however, the mass produced was often within uncertainty.
Proof-of-concept Studies for siRNA-mediated Gene Silencing for Coagulation Factors in Rat and Rabbit (2015)

The present study aimed at establishing feasibility of delivering short interfering RNA (siRNA) to target the coagulation cascade in rat and rabbit, two commonly used species for studying thrombosis and hemostasis. siRNAs that produced over 90% mRNA knockdown of rat plasma prekallikrein and rabbit Factor X (FX) were identified from in vitro screens. An ionizable amino lipid based lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation for siRNA in vivo delivery was characterized as tolerable and exerting no appreciable effect on coagulability at day 7 postdosing in both species. Both prekallikrein siRNA-LNP and FX siRNA-LNP resulted in dose-dependent and selective knockdown of target gene mRNA in the liver with maximum reduction of over 90% on day 7 following a single dose of siRNA-LNP. Knockdown of plasma prekallikrein was associated with modest clot weight reduction in the rat arteriovenous shunt thrombosis model and no increase in the cuticle bleeding time. Knockdown of FX in the rabbit was accompanied with prolongation in ex vivo clotting times. Results fit the expectations with both targets and demonstrate for the first time, the feasibility of targeting coagulation factors in rat, and, more broadly, targeting a gene of interest in rabbit, via systemic delivery of ionizable LNP formulated siRNA.
Partitionable services: A framework for seamlessly adapting distributed applications to heterogeneous environments (2003)

Several recently proposed infrastructures permit client applications to interact with distributed network-accessible services by simply "plugging in" into a substrate that provides essential functionality, such as naming, discovery, and multi-protocol binding. However much work remains before the interaction can be considered truly seamless in the sense of adapting to the characteristics of the heterogeneous environments in which clients and services operate. This paper describes a novel approach for addressing this shortcoming: the partitionable services framework, which enables services to be flexibly assembled from multiple components, and facilitates transparent migration and replication of these components at locations closer to the client while still appearing as a single monolithic service. The framework consists of three pieces: (1) declarative specification of services in terms of constituent components; (2) run-time support for dynamic component deployment; and (3) planning policies, which steer the deployment to accomodate underlying environment characteristics. We demonstrate the salient features of the framework and highlight its usability and performance benefits with a case study involving a security-sensitive mail service.
Window selection for dual photopeak window scatter correction in Tc-99m imaging (1994)

The width and placement of the windows far the dual photopeak window (DPW) scatter subtraction method for Tc-99m imaging is investigated in order to obtain a method that is stable on a multihead detector system for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and is capable of providing a good scatter estimate for extended objects. For various window pairs, stability and noise were examined with experiments using a SPECT system, while Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict the accuracy of scatter estimates for a variety of objects and to guide the development of regression relations for various window pairs. The DPW method that resulted from this study was implemented with a symmetric 20% photopeak window composed of a 15% asymmetric photopeak window and a 5% lower, window abutted at 7 keV below the peak. A power function regression was used to relate the scatter-to-total ratio to the lower window-to-total ratio at each pixel, from which an estimated scatter image was calculated. DPW demonstrated good stability, achieved by abutting the two windows away from the peak. Performance was assessed and compared with Compton window subtraction (CWS). For simulated extended objects, DPW generally produced a less biased scatter estimate than the commonly used CWS method with k=0.5. In acquisitions of a clinical SPECT phantom, contrast recovery was comparable for both DPW and CWS; however, DPW showed greater visual contrast in clinical SPECT bone studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>