gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gadolinium-based contrast agent toxicity: a review of known and proposed mechanisms (2016)

Gadolinium chelates are widely used as contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging. The approved gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have historically been considered safe and well tolerated when used at recommended dosing levels. However, for nearly a decade, an association between GBCA administration and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) has been recognized in patients with severe renal impairment. This has led to modifications in clinical practices aimed at reducing the potential and incidence of NSF development. Newer reports have emerged regarding the accumulation of gadolinium in various tissues of patients who do not have renal impairment, including bone, brain, and kidneys. Despite the observations of gadolinium accumulation in tissues regardless of renal function, very limited clinical data regarding the potential for and mechanisms of toxicity is available. This significant gap in knowledge warrants retrospective cohort study efforts, as well as prospective studies that involve gadolinium ion (Gd(3+)) testing in patients exposed to GBCA. This review examines the potential biochemical and molecular basis of gadolinium toxicity, possible clinical significance of gadolinium tissue retention and accumulation, and methods that can limit gadolinium body burden.
Privacy-preserving demographic filtering (2006)

The use of recommender systems in e-commerce to guide customer choices presents a privacy protection problem that is twofold. We seek to protect the privacy interests of customers by trying to keep private their identity and demographic characteristics, and possibly also their buying preferences and behaviour. This can be desirable even if anonymity is used. Furthermore, we want to protect the commercial interests of the e-commerce service providers by allowing them to make recommendations as accurate as possible, without unnecessarily revealing valuable information they have legitimately accumulated, such as market trends, to third parties.In this paper, we concentrate on recommender systems based on demographic filtering, which make recommendations based on feedback of previous users of similar demographic characteristics (such as age, sex, level of education, wealth, geographical location, etc.). We propose a system called ALAMBIC, which adequately achieves the above privacy-protection objectives in this kind of recommender systems. Our system is based on a semi-trusted third party in which the users need only have limited confidence. A main originality of our approach is to split user data between that party and the service provider in such a way that neither can derive sensitive information from their share alone.
Multiple queries with conditional attributes (QCATs) for anomaly detection and visualization (2014)

This paper describes a visual analytics method for visualizing the effects of multiple anomaly detection models, exploring the complex model space of a specific type of detection method, namely Query with Conditional Attributes (QCAT), and facilitating the construction of composite models using multiple QCATs. We have developed a prototype system that features a browser-based interface, and database-driven back end. We tested the system using the "Inside Threats Dataset" provided by CMU.
Gelcast Tooling: Net Shape Casting and Green Machining (1998)

Abstract Gelcasting is an advanced powder forming process. It is most commonly used to form ceramic or metal powders into complex, near-net shapes. Turbine rotors, gears, nozzles, and crucibles have been successfully gelcast in silicon nitride, alumina, nickel-based superalloy, and several steels. Gelcasting can also be used to make blanks that can be green machined to near-net shape and then high fired. Green machining has been successfully applied to both ceramic and metal gelcast blanks. Recently, we have used gelcasting to make toolinj; for metal casting applications. Most of the work has centered on H13 tool steel. We have demonstrated an ability to gelcast and sinter H13 to near net shape for metal casting tooling. We have also been successful in green machining gelcast blanks using a three-axis CNC milling machine.
Do Consensus Indications for Resection in Branch Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Predict Malignancy? A Study of 147 Patients (2007)

Suggested consensus indications for resection identify all patients with malignancy; however, their specificity is low. In the short term it would be safe to follow patients without these features.
Adjunct Oral Immunotherapy in Patients with Re-Treated, Multidrug-Resistant or HIV-Coinfected TB (2010)

This Phase IIb, placebo-controlled study involved 55 TB patients treated with anti-TB therapy. They were divided into two groups, matched by age, gender, baseline bodyweight and clinical manifestations: one group (n = 27) received a once-daily V-5 Immunitor (V5) immunotherapy pill and the other (n = 28) received placebo. Only one (3.7%) and three (10.7%) subjects in V5 and placebo arms, respectively had first-diagnosed, drug-sensitive TB; the remaining patients had re-treated TB, multidrug-resistant TB or HIV-TB coinfection. After 1 month, 26 out of 27 patients (96.3%) became sputum smear negative in the V5 group (p < 0.0000001), whereas seven out of 28 (25%) in the placebo group had converted (p = 0.005). V5 contributed to the downregulation of TB-associated inflammation, as shown by normalization of high leukocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and faster defervescence than controls. Patients in both arms experienced an increase in the levels of hemoglobin corresponding to 128.9 ± 17.6 versus 133.1 ± 14.7 g/l (p = 0.03) and 112.6 ± 14 versus 117 ± 11.7 g/l (p = 0.03) in V5 and placebo arms, respectively. In total, 19 out of 28 placebo patients (67.9%) gained, on average, 1.07 kg (59.1 ± 10 vs 60.1 ± 10.4 kg; p = 0.003). By contrast, all patients in the V5 group gained weight with mean 3.4 kg (59.7 ± 8 vs 63.1 ± 9 kg; p = 5.7E-007). Clinical symptoms improved among all patients in V5 arm, while 28.6% of patients on placebo reported satisfactory results (p = 0.007). No adverse or side effects attributable to V5 were seen at any time. Further studies are needed to gauge the extent of the benefits of V5 as safe and effective adjunct immunotherapy for TB.
An ammonia sensor based on Lossy Mode Resonances on a tapered optical fibre coated with porphyrin-incorporated titanium dioxide (2016)

The development of a highly sensitive ammonia sensor is described. The sensor is formed by deposition of a nanoscale coating of titanium dioxide, containing a porphyrin as a functional material, onto a tapered optical fibre. The titanium dioxide coating allows coupling of light from the fundamental core mode to a lossy mode supported by the coating, thus creating a Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) in the transmission spectrum. A change in the refractive index of the coating caused by the interaction of the porphyrin with ammonia causes a change in the centre wavelength of the LMR, allowing concentrations of ammonia in water as low as 0.1 ppm to be detected, with a response time of less than 30 s.
Ligation of CD23 triggers cyclic AMP generation in human B lymphocytes (1993)

The low affinity IgE receptor CD23 may play a role in several B lymphocyte functions, such as cell activation and multiplication, Ag presentation, and IgE production. We have previously reported that ligation of the CD23 molecule with anti-CD23 mAb, or IgE-anti-IgE complexes, leads to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and calcium mobilization through the generation of Inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate via a process involving a Pertussis toxin insensitive GTP-binding protein. In our work, we show that anti-CD23 mAb elicit an increase in cAMP concentration in human peripheral blood-derived B lymphocytes. This effect was detected both in resting and in IL-4-stimulated B cells displaying, respectively, low and high levels of CD23. Maximum cAMP accumulation was reached about 20 min after addition of the mAb. Involvement of Fc gamma RII in this process could be excluded because cAMP increase was also triggered by mAb anti-CD23 F(ab')2 fragments. Accumulation of cAMP was also observed when IgE-sensitized activated B lymphocytes were challenged with the specific hapten. Several lines of evidence indicate that the cAMP increase after CD23 ligation may result, in part, from the stimulation of phosphoinositidase C, inasmuch as it was markedly impaired by treatment with TMB-8, an inhibitor of InsP3-induced calcium release from intracytoplasmic stores and with BAPTA, an intracellular calcium chelator. Addition of GTP-gamma S to permeabilized B cells or to membrane preparations did not potentiate the effect of the mAb, suggesting that a Gs protein is not directly implicated in the generation of cAMP. Besides, cAMP accumulation is not due to the production of PG because it is not modified by indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Pretreatment of B lymphocytes with either anti-CD23 mAb or IL-4 led to autologous as well as heterologous desensitization. This negative cross-talk, at the level of cAMP, between the signaling pathways triggered by ligation of CD23 and of the IL-4 receptor, could contribute to the inhibitory effect of anti-CD23 mAb on IL-4-dependent B cell activation and differentiation.
Tissue Engineering: Gold Nanocomposite Bioink for Printing 3D Cardiac Constructs (Adv. Funct. Mater. 12/2017) (2017)

A novel conductive bioink containing dispersed gold nanoparticles in a photocrosslinkable hydrogel matrix is developed for microfluidic bioprinting of cardiomyocyteladen microfibrous scaffolds. As described by Su Ryon Shin, Ali Khademhosseini, and co-workers in article number 1605352, increased conductivity of the bioink leads to improved functionality of cardiomyocytes in the bioprinted patches, enabling potential applications in cardiac tissue engineering.
Streamlined Synthesis of Per-<i>O</i>-acetylated Sugars, Glycosyl Iodides, or Thioglycosides from Unprotected Reducing Sugars<sup>1</sup> (2004)

Solvent-free per-O-acetylation of sugars with stoichiometric acetic anhydride and catalytic iodine proceeds in high yield (90-99%) to give exclusively pyranose products as anomeric mixtures. Without workup, subsequent anomeric substitution employing iodine in the presence of hexamethyldisilane (i.e., TMS-I generated in situ) gives the corresponding glycosyl iodides in 75-95% isolated yield. Alternatively, and without workup, further treatment with dimethyl disulfide or thiol (ethanethiol or thiocresol) gives anomerically pure thioglycosides in more than 75% overall yield.
VAX architecture reference manual (1987)

From the Micro-VAX II to the VAX 9000, this guide spans the complete range of hardware and software issues relating to the VAX, including new material covering the VAX shared-memory model and new vector processing extensions.
Rat adrenomedullin induces a selective arterial vasodilation via CGRP<sub>1</sub> receptors in the double-perfused mesenteric bed of the rat (1995)

The present work was undertaken to study the effect of rat adrenomedullin (rADM (1-50) and its C-terminal fragment (11-50)) in the endothelium-intact arterial and venous vasculatures of the rat perfused mesenteric bed. rADM (1-50) and the fragment rADM (11-50)(1-1000 pmol) induced a dose-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation on the arterial mesenteric vasculature. However, both peptides were inactive on the venous side of this vascular bed. The CGRP1 receptor antagonist, hCGRP8-37 (1 microM), markedly reduced the vasodilation caused by rADM (1-50) in the arterial mesenteric vasculature. Thus, our results show that rADM (1-50) in the arterial mesenteric vasculature. Thus, our results show that rADM (1-50) and its C-terminal fragment rADM(11-50) share properties similar to those of hCGRP. The blocking effect of hCGRP8-37 supports a role for CGRP1 receptor activation by adrenomedullin in this vascular preparation.
Diabetes mellitus bij kinderen en adolescenten (1998)

SamenvattingDiabetes mellitus, in de volksmond suikerziekte geheten, is in frequentie de tweede chronische ziekte op de kinderleeftijd. De kern van de ziekte is een permanent gebrek aan insuline, het belangrijkste hormoon in de koolhydraatstofwisseling. Door de toediening van insuline per injectie kan dit gebrek worden gecorrigeerd, maar door onvolkomenheden in de regulatie van de suikerstofwisseling komen te lage en te hoge bloedsuikerspiegels regelmatig voor.
Microstructure of xenon−implanted silicon (1975)

Si implanted with 1014, 1015, and 5×1015 ions/cm2 of 80 KeV Xe ions was examined by electron microscopy and nuclear backscattering. Implantation created amorphous Si, which, after annealing at 700°C, transformed into single crystal material for doses ?1015/cm2 and into a heavily twinned material for the higher dose. Under suitable conditions, such implants can be used as diffusion markers in the study of surface reactions.
Box-based codebook model for real-time objects detection (2008)

Background modeling is the key technique of video surveillance. An improved box-based codebook modeling method is presented. The background model is constructed by encoding each pixel into a codebook consists of codewords based on a box model. It can handle cluttered background and allow moving objects in the training video sequences. The box-based codebook model representation is efficient in memory and speed compared with other background modeling techniques. The experiment results show the speed of building the codebook model and detecting objects over other methods.
High Mobility Bilayer Metal–Oxide Thin Film Transistors Using Titanium-Doped InGaZnO (2014)

We report a high performance indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO)/IGZO:Ti bilayer metal–oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) with a low drive voltage of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${<}{\rm 2}~{\rm V}$</tex></formula> . Compared with conventional IGZO TFTs, the novel bilayer metal–oxide TFTs through IGZO thickness modulation can reach the lowest off current of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$1.6\times 10^{-11}~{\rm A}$</tex></formula> , smallest sub-threshold swing of 73 mV/decade, and highest mobility of 63 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm cm}^{2}$</tex></formula> /Vs, which may create the potential application for high resolution display.
임상 원광대학교병원 응급실에 내원한 치과 응급 환자에 대한 임상적 연구 (2002)

This is a retrospective clinical study on 3,243 patients who had visited the Emergency Room of Wonkwang University Hospital and then been treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery during recent 5 years from Jan.1, 1996 to Dec.31, 2000. The obtained results were as follows : The total number of patients was 3,243 and the ratio of sex was 1.86:1. The highest monthly incidence was shown in October and March to 19%, and the age distribution peaks was the 3rd decade(24.7%),followed by the 1st(21.7%)and the 4th decade(15.7%).The percentage of admission were 4.8%.The frequent cause of admission were facial bone fracture(70%),infection(16%),soft tissue injury(14%). Trauma(70.9%)was the most frequent cause in dental emergency patients, odontogenic infection(24.3%),oral hemorrhage and TMJ dislocation were next in order of frequency. About the cause for trauma, traffic accident was the most, and fall down, slip down injury and assault were followed. Soft tissue injury group(56%)was the most prevalent, followed by tooth injury group(27%)and facial bone injury group(17%).In facial bone injury group, the mandibular fracture(55%)showed the highest incidence followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, nasal bone fracture, maxilla fracture, and zygomatic arch fracture. In the mandibular fracture, symphysis(40%)was the most common location followed by condyle(29.4%),angle(22.1%),and body area(8.5%).Tooth fracture showed the highest incidence as 35% followed by subluxation (29%), avulsion(20%), and concussion(16%). In infection patients group, the ratio of admission was 5.8%and the major visiting cause was acute pulpitis(32.3%). The major treatment method was the incision and drainage(30%)followed by endodontic treatment(28%), curettage(22%), extraction(7.8%), and so forth. In TMJ dislocation group, the highest incidence age was 3rd decade and 4th decade(51%). In post-operative bleeding group, the major cause of bleeding was non-fulfillment of doctor`s instruction and bleeding was almost stoped by only gauze biting.
UV-curable acrylate metal oxide nanocomposite coatings (2004)

Chapter 1 1.1. General introductionComposites are used when a combination of properties is required that cannot be found in a single material.Particularly interesting are combinations of organic polymers and inorganic materials as the properties of the pure components are very distinct.In general organic polymers are flexible, tough, and are easy to process, but they can also be relatively easily damaged, either chemically or mechanically.In contrast, inorganic materials are typically much harder, have better barrier properties, and have a good chemical stability, but are also brittle and are difficult to process.Organicinorganic composites may yield a combination of these properties, resulting in a hard, tough, and chemically stable and durable material that is still easy to process.However, the combination of organic and inorganic materials may also give a composite that is soft, brittle, unstable, and totally useless.The properties of a composite are not simply the average properties of its components.Besides the volume fractions of the components, also their size, shape, and the distribution are important.In a composite one component may be enclosed by another component that forms a continuous phase, but it is also possible that the components form continuous phases resulting in interpenetrating networks.Properties like heat conductivity and electrical conductivity are controlled by transport processes through one of the components; consequently a continuous network of the conducting component is highly advantageous.The interactions between the different components may induce changes in the chemical or physical structure of the components, especially in the first few nanometers from the interface (1)(2)(3) .These effects become particularly important when the interfacial area between the different components is large (3) .The interfacial area increases with decreasing domain size in the composite, and consequently also the properties may change by altering the domain size in a composite.For nanocomposites, with domain sizes of about 10 nm, 1 cm 3 of composite may contain several hundred square meters of interface, hence structural changes due to interface effects may affect a large portion of the material (3) .The addition of a third component that concentrates at the interface and alters the interactions can have strong effects on the composite properties (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) .The third component may be a surfactant that assembles at the interface by physical adsorption, or it may be a reactive species that is grafted on the surface of the filler or it may even react with both phases forming a chemical bond between the two phases (5) .This modification of the interface is often used to improve the mechanical properties of composites.MeO Si O OMe MeO O MeO Si OMe MeO 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) n-octyltrimethoxysilane (OTS) O O O O O n polyethyleneglycoldiacrylate (PEGDA) (mean n = 9) trimethylolpropyltriacrylate (TMPTA)
Dual layer electrode liquid crystal lens for 2D/3D tunable endoscopy imaging system (2016)

In this paper, we demonstrate a multi-functional liquid-crystal lens (MFLC-lens) based on dual-layer electrode design. Compared with the previous 3D endoscopes, which use double fixed lens capturing, the proposed LC lens is not only switchable between 2D and 3D modes, but also is able to adjust focus in both modes. The diameter of the MFLC-lens is only 1.42mm, which is much smaller than the available 3D endoscopes with double fixed lenses. To achieve the MFLC-lens, a high-resistance layer needs to be coated on the electrode to generate an ideal gradient electric-field distribution, which can induce a lens-like form of LC molecules. The parameters of high-resistive layer are investigated and discussed with an aim to optimize the performance of the MFLC-lens.
LARGE ANGLE ELECTRO-OPTIC BEAM DEFLECTOR FOR THE INFRARED BASED ON A FERROELECTRIC. (2001)

An electro-optic beam scanner fabricated on ferroelectric LiTaO{sub 3} is demonstrated which is capable of continuously scanning at wavelengths ranging from 0.4-5 {micro}m. The scanning performance varied from a total deflection angle of 13.38{sup o} at 1558 nm to 16.18{sup o} at 632.8 nm. The dispersion of the r{sub 33} and r{sub 13} electro-optic coefficients of LiTaO{sub 3} with wavelength was also determined.
Regulation of <i>Streptococcus gordonii sspB</i> by the <i>sspA</i> Gene Product (2001)

Streptococcus gordonii expresses two related adhesins, SspA and SspB, the genes for which are adjacent on the chromosome and are regulated independently. Although the adhesins are functionally similar, the sspA promoter is more active than that of sspB. In this study we show an additional role for SspA in the control of sspB activity. Gel shift and DNA footprinting assays demonstrate that the SspA protein binds to the sspB promoter and protects a region 233 to 264 bp upstream of the predicted -35 promoter element. The responsiveness of the sspB promoter to SspA was investigated with a promoter-cat reporter. Expression of the sspB promoter was reduced by over 60% in an SspA-deficient mutant of S. gordonii. These results indicate that expression of S. gordonii sspB is positively regulated by the sspA gene product.
Octreotide versus loperamide in the treatment of fluorouracil-induced diarrhea: a randomized trial. (1993)

Octreotide seems to be more effective than loperamide in control of diarrhea and elimination of the need for replenishment of fluids and electrolytes.