gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
한국 근대 중등미술교과서 연구 (2011)

본 연구의 목적은 한국 근대시기의 중등학교용 미술교과서의 내용(용기화)를 고찰하여 근대 중등미술교육의 내용 및 성격을 밝히는 데 있다. 한국에서 용기화교육이 태동하게 된 배경으로는 대한제국기 고종황제의 부국강병책의 일환으로 펼친 식산흥업 정책과 한국의 만국박람회의 참가, 그리고 실업학교의 설립 등을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 용기화교과서 중에서...
Flammability Testing - A Burning Issue for Technical Textiles (2006)

Effective flammability has become an essential need for the technical textile equipment suppliers and customers for quality control, research and development, and certification. This need creates a market for test equipment and optional accessories to ensure that the testing is carried out in accordance with a variety of national and international flammability regulations and legislation standards. The factors that can affect textile flammability include the type of fiber or fiber blend, the fabric weight, and the article design. One of the methods of assessing and ranking the flammability of textile fibers is to determine the limiting oxygen index (LOI), which is concentration of oxygen/nitrogen mixture to sustain burning. The use of flame-retardant treatments and flame-retardant fibers to produce textile is to be used in an area with higher than normal risk of ignition. Retailers and specifiers need to be aware of changing and emerging safety regulations and laboratory procedures to accommodate them. Language: en
InGaN lattice constant engineering via growth on (In,Ga)N/GaN nanostripe arrays (2015)

Planar (In,Ga)N layers were grown on nanostripe arrays composed of InGaN/GaN multi quantum wells (MQWs) by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. The MQW nanostripe arrays with height to width aspect ratios of about 0.5 and 1 were fabricated from planar coherently strained InGaN/GaN MQW samples. Independent of their aspect ratio, the nanostripes exhibited elastic relaxation perpendicular to the stripe direction after pattern fabrication, resulting in an a⊥ lattice constant perpendicular to the stripe direction larger than that of the GaN base layer. In a subsequent step, (In,Ga)N layers were grown on top of the nanostripe arrays, leading to the formation of planar films with a similar a⊥ lattice constant as the MQW stripes beneath. Bright luminescence was recorded from the planar, partially relaxed re-grown (In,Ga)N layers grown on the stripe arrays with an aspect ratio of 1. Plastic relaxation of the MQW stripes was observed after (In,Ga)N regrowth for samples with a stripe aspect ratio of 0.5, leading to luminescence quenching.
Effects of post-annealing on magnetic properties and microstructure of CoCrPt-SiO2 perpendicular magnetic recording media (2006)

In this work, the effects of post-annealing of CoCrPt-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ru perpendicular magnetic recording media on magnetic properties and microstructure have been studied. CoCrPt-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ru/Ta thin films were deposited on Si substrate by a dc magnetron sputtering method at room temperature and followed by post-annealing for 30 minutes in the range of 100 ~ 240degC. Magnetic properties such as magnetization, coercivity (Hc) and negative nucleation field (Hn) were measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer. Magnetic anisotropic constant (Ku) of the films was measured by a torque magnetometer. Microstructural and chemical changes were studied.
Advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: old versus new therapies (2002)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common cause of disability in the western population, with an annual incidence of 0.05% and a prevalence of 1%. Although a small percentage of patients go into natural remission, the untreated disease progresses to cause disability, morbidity and early mortality. Unravelling of the cytokine network in the pathogenesis of RA has led to the development of drugs that target these cytokines and prevent joint damage. Three biological anticytokine agents, etanercept, infliximab and anakinra, are now available for use in RA. More experience will quantify their safety and benefits. The potency of the older disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate and sulfasalazine, is also being realised, especially when used early in the disease process and in combination. Leflunomide is a new DMARD with efficacy similar to methotrexate and sulfasalazine. Symptomatic treatment of RA with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has also undergone a revolution with the availability of a new class of COX-2-specific inhibitors. These drugs control inflammation and provide pain relief with less GI toxicity. Management of comorbid conditions associated with RA and its treatment (i.e., osteoporosis, cardiovascular and lung disease) has also become a priority for the rheumatologist. It is hoped that more aggressive use of conventional DMARDs and biological agents will result in less disability and a higher proportion of patients achieving remission.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Compounds That Affect Soybean Cyst Nematode Egg Hatch (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Evaluation of Compounds That Affect Soybean Cyst Nematode Egg HatchGeorge A. Kraus, Beth Johnston, Azis Kongsjahju, and Gregory L. TylkaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 9, 1839–1840Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00045a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (181 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Reaction of the avian respiratory system to intratracheally administered avirulent Salmonella typhimurium. (1992)

Chickens were inoculated intratracheally (IT) with the SR-11 Salmonella typhimurium deletion mutant x4062 strain. Data collected for 8 days postinoculation (PI) were: signs of respiratory and gastrointestinal disease; histological lesions; the influx, phagocytic proportion, and phagocytic capacity of avian respiratory phagocytes (ARPs); and the proportion of granulocytes vs. macrophages in the lung tissues and lavage fluids of the lungs and air sacs. S. typhimurium-inoculated chickens had no clinical signs of gastrointestinal or respiratory disease but had various degrees of inflammatory changes in the lungs. At 5 hr PI, S. typhimurium-inoculated chickens had approximately 53-fold more ARPs than mock-inoculated controls. Between 26 hr and 8 days PI, the number of ARPs from S. typhimurium-inoculated birds was not significantly higher than the number from the mock-inoculated controls. Flow cytometric analysis of ARPs demonstrated that the proportion of phagocytic ARPs and the phagocytic capacity of ARPs from S. typhimurium-inoculated chickens were significantly higher between 5 and 26 hr PI than those of the ARPs from mock-inoculated chickens. Kinetic changes over 8 days in the granulocyte/macrophage ratios in the lavage fluids, as compared with kinetic changes in the lung tissues, suggested that the granulocytes generally represent a much higher proportion of the ARPs, and egress earlier and in much larger numbers from the tissues to the lumen of lungs and air sacs than do macrophages.
Adxanthromycins A and B, New Inhibitors of ICAM-1/LFA-1 Mediated Cell Adhesion Molecule from Streptomyces sp. NA-148. I. Taxonomy, Production, Isolation and Biological Activities. (2000)

Two new inhibitors of ICAM-1/LFA-1 mediated cell adhesion molecule, adxanthromycins A and B were isolated from the cultured broth of a streptomycete strain. The strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. NA-148 from its morphological and physiological characteristics. Adxanthromycins A and B inhibited the formation of the JY cell aggregates from 1.5 microg/ml, respectively, in a dose dependent manner. Components A and B also inhibited a human T cell leukemia cell line SKW-3 adhesion to soluble ICAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 18.8 microg/ml and 25.0 microg/ml, respectively.
Characterization of kinase inhibitors using different phosphorylation states of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase (2011)

It is known that some kinase inhibitors are sensitive to the phosphorylation state of the kinase, and therefore those compounds can discriminate between a phosphorylated and unphosphorylated protein. In this study, we prepared two colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) tyrosine kinase proteins: one highly phosphorylated by autophosphorylation and the other dephosphorylated by phosphatase treatment. These kinases were subjected to an activity-based assay to investigate the effect of their phosphorylation state on the potency of several kinase inhibitors. Dasatinib, sorafenib, PD173074 and staurosporine showed similar inhibition against different phosphorylation states of CSF-1R, but pazopanib, sunitinib, GW2580 and imatinib showed more potent inhibition against dephosphorylated CSF-1R. Binding analysis of the inhibitors to the two different phosphorylation forms of CSF-1R, using surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, revealed that staurosporine bound to both forms with similar affinity, but sunitinib bound to the dephosphorylated form with higher affinity. Thus, these observations suggest that sunitinib binds preferentially to the inactive form, preventing the activation of CSF-1R. Screening against different activation states of kinases should be an important approach for prioritizing compounds and should facilitate inhibitor design.
The Grand Detour: Johnson's Un–Italian Journey (1995)

This chapter argues that Johnson performed directly the opposite of a traditional grand tour when he set out for the northern fastness with Boswell. It discusses his frustrated hopes of a trip with the Thrales and Guiseppe Baretti to mild southern climes, a frustration which was the more painful since many of his fellow members of the Club had been able to visit Italy. But the journey that he did make can be seen not as second best, but rather as a radical alternative, a willful reversal of grand-tour norms. The comparison is enforced by looking at the Italienische Reise of Goethe, based on a sojourn in Italy which took place only fifteen years after the tour of the Hebrides. What Goethe experienced was the ultimate consummation of grand tourism, and one can make the fullest sense of what Johnson undertook by placing his narrative squarely alongside that of Goethe.
Factors affecting hepatocyte isolation, engraftment, and replication in an in vivo model (2010)

Human hepatocyte transplantation is an alternative treatment for acute liver failure and liver diseases involving enzyme deficiencies. Although it has been successfully applied in selected recipients, both isolation and transplantation outcomes have the potential to be improved by better donor selection. This study assessed the impact of various donor variables on isolation outcomes (yield and viability) and posttransplant engraftment, using the SCID/Alb-uPA (severe combined immunodeficient/urokinase type plasminogen activator under the control of an albumin promoter) human liver chimeric mouse model. Human hepatocytes were obtained from 90 human liver donor specimens and were transplanted into 3942 mice. Multivariate analysis revealed improved viability with younger donors (P = 0.038) as well as with shorter warm ischemic time (P = 0.012). Hepatocyte engraftment, assessed by the posttransplant level of serum human alpha1-antitrypsin, was improved with shorter warm ischemia time. Hepatocytes isolated from older donors (>or=60 years) had lower viability and posttransplant engraftment (P <or= 0.01). In conclusion, the selection of young donors (<60 years) and rapid liver specimen retrieval, allowing for shorter warm ischemia time, are key determinants for the success of both the isolation of high viability human hepatocytes and their subsequent posttransplantation capacity for engraftment and expansion.
Remote detection of human electrophysiological signals using electric potential sensors (2008)

We describe the measurement of human electrophysiological and movement signals remotely from a seated subject. An ultrahigh impedance electric potential sensor, designed specifically to reject external noise, is used to measure the electric field at distances of up to 40cm from the surface of the body. The sensor is able to provide continuous data acquisition, at full sensitivity, without saturation by external noise sources. Respiration and heart signals are seen simultaneously and are separated using digital filtering techniques. All of the results reported were obtained in an open unshielded environment in close proximity to line operated computer equipment.
A gene regulatory network to control EMT programs in development and disease (2019)

The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) regulates cell plasticity during embryonic development and in disease. It is dynamically orchestrated by transcription factors (EMT-TFs), including Snail, Zeb, Twist and Prrx, all activated by TGF-β among other signals. Here we find that Snail1 and Prrx1, which respectively associate with gain or loss of stem-like properties and with bad or good prognosis in cancer patients, are expressed in complementary patterns during vertebrate development and in cancer. We show that this complementarity is established through a feedback loop in which Snail1 directly represses Prrx1, and Prrx1, through direct activation of the miR-15 family, attenuates the expression of Snail1. We also describe how this gene regulatory network can establish a hierarchical temporal expression of Snail1 and Prrx1 during EMT and validate its existence in vitro and in vivo, providing a mechanism to switch and select different EMT programs with important implications in development and disease.
In Vitro Development of Inflorescences from Switchgrass Nodal Segments (1996)

Immature inflorescences are an important explant source for initiating in vitro cultures in gramineous species. The objective of this study with switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) cv. Alamo was to produce axenic inflorescences from nodes cultured in vitro. The top nodal segments from tillers in the two to four node stage of greenhouse grown plants were surface sterilized, split longitudinally, and plated with the cut surface in contact with Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 30 g L ‐1 maltose. 6‐Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was added in concentrations of 0.0, 5.0,12.5, or 25.0 µ M . After 2 to 5 wk culture, panicles were produced with fully developed spikelets and perfect terminal florets. Panicles produced on medium without BAP were between 5 and 9 cm long and the number of spikelets ranged between 50 and 200. Panicles produced on medium with 5.0 to 25.0 µ M BAP had a shorter rachis (2–5 cm) and branches, but contained more spikelets (200–700). Young spikelets obtained after 20‐ to 30‐d culture of nodes, were used as explants for regeneration experiments. Calli were initiated from spikelets plated on MS solid medium with 30 g L ‐1 maltose, 22.5 µ M 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and 5.0 µ M BAP. They were later transferred to MS medium without growth regulators, where thousands of regenerants developed through somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis. The procedure is highly efficient for producing multiple sterile explants from a single genotype for use in various in vitro culture experiments.
EtN=P(NMe2)N=P(NMe2)3: An efficient non-ionic base catalyst for the isomerization of allylic compounds and methylene-interrupted dienes (2004)

Allylbenzene derivatives, allyl phenylsulfide, allylimidazole, 1,4-dihydronaphthalene, and several methylene-interrupted diene compounds are easily isomerized by the phosphazene strong base EtN=P(NMe 2 )N=P(NMe 2 ) 3 (P 2 -Et) in acetonitrile at 40 o C.This is the first report of such isomerizations catalyzed by a strong non-ionic strong base.The proposed methodology offers significant advantages over existing methods for most substrates, especially in terms of mild reaction conditions, experimental simplicity and high yields.
DNA-binding polarity of human replication protein A positions nucleases in nucleotide excision repair (1998)

The human single-stranded DNA-binding replication A protein (RPA) is involved in various DNA-processing events. By comparing the affinity of hRPA for artificial DNA hairpin structures with 3'- or 5'-protruding single-stranded arms, we found that hRPA binds ssDNA with a defined polarity; a strong ssDNA interaction domain of hRPA is positioned at the 5' side of its binding region, a weak ssDNA-binding domain resides at the 3' side. Polarity appears crucial for positioning of the excision repair nucleases XPG and ERCC1-XPF on the DNA. With the 3'-oriented side of hRPA facing a duplex ssDNA junction, hRPA interacts with and stimulates ERCC1-XPF, whereas the 5'-oriented side of hRPA at a DNA junction allows stable binding of XPG to hRPA. Our data pinpoint hRPA to the undamaged strand during nucleotide excision repair. Polarity of hRPA on ssDNA is likely to contribute to the directionality of other hRPA-dependent processes as well.
Automatic Detection and Classification of Colorectal Polyps by Transferring Low-Level CNN Features From Nonmedical Domain (2016)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although polypectomy at early stage reduces CRC incidence, 90% of the polyps are small and diminutive, where removal of them poses risks to patients that may outweigh the benefits. Correctly detecting and predicting polyp type during colonoscopy allows endoscopists to resect and discard the tissue without submitting it for histology, saving time, and costs. Nevertheless, human visual observation of early stage polyps varies. Therefore, this paper aims at developing a fully automatic algorithm to detect and classify hyperplastic and adenomatous colorectal polyps. Adenomatous polyps should be removed, whereas distal diminutive hyperplastic polyps are considered clinically insignificant and may be left in situ . A novel transfer learning application is proposed utilizing features learned from big nonmedical datasets with 1.4-2.5 million images using deep convolutional neural network. The endoscopic images we collected for experiment were taken under random lighting conditions, zooming and optical magnification, including 1104 endoscopic nonpolyp images taken under both white-light and narrowband imaging (NBI) endoscopy and 826 NBI endoscopic polyp images, of which 263 images were hyperplasia and 563 were adenoma as confirmed by histology. The proposed method identified polyp images from nonpolyp images in the beginning followed by predicting the polyp histology. When compared with visual inspection by endoscopists, the results of this study show that the proposed method has similar precision (87.3% versus 86.4%) but a higher recall rate (87.6% versus 77.0%) and a higher accuracy (85.9% versus 74.3%). In conclusion, automatic algorithms can assist endoscopists in identifying polyps that are adenomatous but have been incorrectly judged as hyperplasia and, therefore, enable timely resection of these polyps at an early stage before they develop into invasive cancer.
ESTROGEN SYNTHESIS IN NORMAL AND MALIGNANT HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM (1982)

The ability of human endometrium to synthesize estrogen from testosterone (T) was investigated. Normal and malignant endometrial specimens were incubated in a complete nutrient medium with 1 muC/ml (approximately 10 pmol/ml) of [3H]T for 20 hrs. Various estrogens: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estrone sulfate (E1S), and estradiol-3-sulfate (E2S) were isolated from cultured tissue and medium. The capacity of aromatization, expressed in pmol of estrogen formed/g of tissue, of proliferative endometria was found to be significantly higher than that of secretory endometria (prol. n=12, 0.53 +/- 0.21, vs sec. n=13, 0.15 +/- 0.09, mean +/- s.d., P less than 0.005). In nine cancer endometrial specimens studied, the estrogen produced varied from 0.3 to 15 pmol/g of tissue. These studies represent the first evidence that human endometrium is capable of synthesizing estrogens from delta 4 androgens at a concentration similar to plasma level. The changes of the capacity of aromatization during the two phases of the menstrual cycle indicate that the estrogen synthesis in endometrium is apparently regulated by hormones. The presence of aromatase in cancer endometria may play an important role in promoting the cell growth in estrogen sensitive endometrial cancer.
Cry Protein Crystal-Immobilized Metallothioneins for Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Water (2019)

Cry proteins have been the subject of intense research due to their ability to form crystals naturally in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). In this research we developed a new strategy that allows for the removal of cadmium and chromium from wastewater by using one Cry protein, Cry3Aa, as a framework to immobilize tandem repeats of the cyanobacterial metallothionein SmtA from Synechococcus elongatus (strain PCC 7942). SmtA is a low molecular weight cysteine-rich protein known to bind heavy metals. A series of Cry3Aa-SmtA constructs were produced by the fusion of one, three, or six tandem repeats of SmtA to Cry3Aa. Overexpression of these constructs in Bt resulted in the production of pure Cry3Aa-SmtA fusion crystals that exhibited similar size, crystallinity, and morphology to that of native Cry3Aa protein crystals. All three Cry3Aa-SmtA constructs exhibited efficient binding to cadmium and chromium, with the binding capacity correlated with increasing SmtA copy number. These results suggest the potential use of Cry3Aa-SmtA crystals as a novel biodegradable and cost-effective approach to the removal of toxic heavy metals from the environment.