gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>X-ray beam equalization for digital fluoroscopy</title> (1996)

The concept of radiographic equalization has previously been investigated. However, a suitable technique for digital fluoroscopic applications has not been developed. The previously reported scanning equalization techniques cannot be applied to fluoroscopic applications due to their exposure time limitations. On the other hand, area beam equalization techniques are more suited for digital fluoroscopic applications. The purpose of this study is to develop an x- ray beam equalization technique for digital fluoroscopic applications that will produce an equalized radiograph with minimal image artifacts and tube loading. Preliminary unequalized images of a humanoid chest phantom were acquired using a digital fluoroscopic system. Using this preliminary image as a guide, an 8 by 8 array of square pistons were used to generate masks in a mold with CeO<SUP>2</SUP>. The CeO<SUP>2</SUP> attenuator thicknesses were calculated using the gray level information from the unequalized image. The generated mask was positioned close to the focal spot (magnification of 8.0) in order to minimize edge artifacts from the mask. The masks were generated manually in order to investigate the piston and matrix size requirements. The development of an automated version of mask generation and positioning is in progress. The results of manual mask generation and positioning show that it is possible to generate equalized radiographs with minimal perceptible artifacts. The equalization of x-ray transmission across the field exiting from the object significantly improved the image quality by preserving local contrast throughout the image. Furthermore, the reduction in dynamic range significantly reduced the effect of x-ray scatter and veiling glare from high transmission to low transmission areas. Also, the x-ray tube loading due to the mask assembly itself was negligible. In conclusion it is possible to produce area beam compensation that will be compatible with digital fluoroscopy with minimal compensation artifacts. The compensation process produces an image with equalized signal to noise ratio in all parts of the image.
Achieving Biocompatible SABRE: An in vitro Cytotoxicity Study (2017)

Production of a biocompatible hyperpolarized bolus for signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) could open the door to simple clinical diagnosis via magnetic resonance imaging. Essential to successful progression to preclinical/clinical applications is the determination of the toxicology profile of the SABRE reaction mixture. Herein, we exemplify the cytotoxicity of the SABRE approach using in vitro cell assays. We conclude that the main cause of the observed toxicity is due to the SABRE catalyst. We therefore illustrate two catalyst removal methods: one involving deactivation and ion-exchange chromatography, and the second using biphasic catalysis. These routes produce a bolus suitable for future in vivo study.
689. Therapeutic Efficacy of CB-012, a Novel Cloudbreak Antiviral Fc-Conjugate (AVC) in Lethal Mouse Models of Influenza A (H1N1) and Influenza B (Victoria) (2019)

Abstract Background In 2018, the World Health Organization estimated up to 650,000 influenza-related respiratory deaths occur annually. Cidara therapeutics is developing a novel class of potent, long-acting antiviral Fc-conjugates (AVCs) against influenza that in a single molecule combine a surface-acting antiviral agent with the Fc domain of a human IgG1 antibody. AVCs function by inhibiting viral replication while simultaneously engaging the immune system, providing a multimodal mechanism of action. Here we present efficacy data on an AVC development candidate against influenza A and B. Methods Efficacy studies were conducted in female BALB/c mice (6–8 weeks) challenged intranasally with 3x the LD95 of influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) or B/Malaysia/2506/04. CB-012 or CB-012b (CB-012 with slightly modified Fc) was administered as a single intravenous (IV) dose 2 hours after challenge. Oseltamivir was dosed orally, twice daily for 5 days in the influenza A study. Vehicle and appropriate Fc controls were included. Body weights (BW) and mortality were monitored for 2 weeks; animals with 20% BW loss, or moribund, were scored as a death. Results In an initial study of CB-012 against influenza A, a single IV dose of 0.4 mg/kg was fully protective and statistically significant compared with the Fc control (P = 0.0027). In contrast, mice treated with oseltamivir at 5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days were not protected; only the higher 20 mg/kg dose was fully protective. Importantly, mice treated with CB-012 (0.4 mg/kg) showed a transient BW loss of 1% compared with 14% in mice of the oseltamivir (20 mg/kg) group, although treatment was initiated at the same time. In a second study against influenza B, CB-012b was fully protective with a single IV dose at 0.3 mg/kg (P = 0.0027). In contrast, vehicle and Fc control groups reached mortality by day 6. BW loss in the CB-012b 0.3 mg/kg group was transient and <4% overall during the study. Conclusion The novel AVCs CB-012 and CB-012b demonstrated robust efficacy in multiple influenza models. In conjunction with previous findings against influenza A (H3N2), the data on CB-012 support its potential as a candidate against seasonal influenza. The continued development of CB-012 for the prevention and treatment of influenza is warranted. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
BallCam! (2012)

We are interested in generating novel video sequences from a ball's point of view for sports domains. Despite the challenge of extreme camera motion, we show that we can leverage the periodicity of spinning cameras to generate a stabilized ball point-of-view video. We present preliminary results of image stabilization and view synthesis from a single camera being hurled in the air at 600 RPM.
An unconventional pathway for reduction of CO <sub>2</sub> to methane in CO-grown <i>Methanosarcina acetivorans</i> revealed by proteomics (2006)

Methanosarcina acetivorans produces acetate, formate, and methane when cultured with CO as the growth substrate [Rother M, Metcalf WW (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:], which suggests novel features of CO metabolism. Here we present a genome-wide proteomic approach to identify and quantify proteins differentially abundant in response to growth on CO versus methanol or acetate. The results indicate that oxidation of CO to CO2 supplies electrons for reduction of CO2 to a methyl group by steps and enzymes of the pathway for CO2 reduction determined for other methane-producing species. However, proteomic and quantitative RT-PCR results suggest that reduction of the methyl group to methane involves novel methyltransferases and a coenzyme F420H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase system that generates a proton gradient for ATP synthesis not previously described for pathways reducing CO2 to methane. Biochemical assays support a role for the oxidoreductase, and transcriptional mapping identified an unusual operon structure encoding the oxidoreductase. The proteomic results further indicate that acetate is synthesized from the methyl group and CO by a reversal of initial steps in the pathway for conversion of acetate to methane that yields ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. The results indicate that M. acetivorans utilizes a pathway distinct from all known CO2 reduction pathways for methane formation that reflects an adaptation to the marine environment. Finally, the pathway supports the basis for a recently proposed primitive CO-dependent energy-conservation cycle that drove and directed the early evolution of life on Earth.
A framework for optimizing thermoelectric active cooling systems (2010)

Thin-film thermoelectric cooling is a promising technology for mitigating heat dissipation in high performance chips. In this paper, we present an optimization framework for an active cooling system that is comprised of an array of thin-film thermoelectric coolers. We observe a set of constraints of the cooling system design. Firstly, integrating an excessive amount of coolers increases the chip package cost. Moreover, thermoelectric coolers are active devices, which dissipate heat in the chip package when they are in operation. Hence, setting the supply current level to operate the cooler improperly can actually lead to overheating of the chip package. Besides, the supply current needs to be delivered to the integrated cooler devices via dedicated pins. However, extra pins available on high-performance chip packages are limited. Observing these constraints, we propose an optimization framework for configuring the active cooling system, which minimizes the maximum silicon temperature. This includes determining the amount of coolers to deploy and their locations, the mapping of supply pins to the coolers, and determining the current levels of each pin. We propose algorithms to tackle the optimal configuration problem. We found that only a small portion of the silicon die needs to be covered by TEC devices (18% on average). Our experiments show that our algorithms are able to reduce the temperatures of the hot spots by as much as 10.6 °C (compared to the cases without integrated thermoelectric coolers). The average temperature reduction is 8.6 °C when 4 dedicated pins are available on the package. The total power consumption of the resulting active cooling system is reasonably small (~ 2 W). Our experiments also reveal that our framework maximizes the efficiency of the cooling devices. In the ideal case where hundreds of pins are available to tune the supply level of each individual cooler, the additional average reduction of the hot spot temperature is only 0.3 °C.
Fibronectin Is an Important Regulator of Flow-Induced Vascular Remodeling (2009)

These data are the first to demonstrate that fibronectin plays an important role in regulating the vascular remodeling response. Collectively, these data suggest a therapeutic benefit of periadventitial pUR4 in reducing pathological vascular remodeling.
Ultrahigh -47-dB optical drop rejection multiwavelength add–drop filter using spatial filtering and dual bulk acousto-optic tunable filters (1998)

A new high-speed, ultrahigh cross-talk-suppression multiwavelength add-drop optical filter structure is demonstrated with two bulk acousto-optic tunable filters. With simple spatial blocks, an average -47-dB optical suppression is measured for the unwanted wavelengths at the filter output ports. The filter is tested for the three standard visible wavelengths, red, green, and blue, and demonstrates a switching time of 0.65micros and an average optical loss of 5 dB. Applications for this filter include multiwavelength switching applications such as wavelength-division-multiplexed optical communications.
Role of the perforin/granzyme cell death pathway in<scp>d</scp>-Gal/LPS-induced inflammatory liver injury (2009)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their granule components, such as perforin and granzyme, play an important role in the defense of hepatic infections caused by different pathogens. Moreover, it has been shown in vitro that hepatocytes can initiate cell death via a perforin-dependent mechanism. Although it is well known that hepatocellular apoptosis in D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-Gal/LPS)-associated liver failure is mediated by TNF-alpha-dependent Fas/FasL cytotoxicity, there is no information on the role of perforin-mediated mechanisms in vivo. Therefore, we studied whether the cytolytic perforin/granzyme pathway contributes to the D-Gal/LPS-associated hepatotoxicity. Perforin knockout (Pko) mice showed significantly higher hepatic TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression as well as plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations within the first hour upon D-Gal/LPS challenge compared with perforin wild-type (Pwt) mice. At 6 h upon D-Gal/LPS challenge, Pko mice further presented with higher transaminase release and onconecrotic tissue damage, whereas hepatocellular apoptosis and caspase-3 cleavage remained unaffected by the perforin deficiency. Pretreatment with a recombinant human TNF-alpha receptor fusion protein attenuated necrotic and apoptotic tissue damage and reduced plasma transaminase activities as well as cytokine release, thereby preventing acute liver failure in Pko mice as effectively as in Pwt mice. These data do not only confirm the significance of TNF-alpha as distal mediator of hepatic injury in this model but simultaneously reveal a contribution of a perforin-dependent immunoregulation, limiting the D-Gal/LPS-induced overwhelming cytokine release and onconecrotic tissue injury.
DHCP reconfigure extension (2001)

This document defines extensions to DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to allow dynamic reconfiguration of a single host triggered by the DHCP server (e.g., a new IP address and/or local configuration parameters). This is achieved by introducing a unicast FORCERENEW message which forces the client to the RENEW state. The behaviour for hosts using the DHCP INFORM message to obtain configuration information is also described.
Eicosanoid production and glucocorticoid regulatory mechanisms in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells. (1989)

The techniques we developed to propagate HTM cells in serial cell culture have provided an opportunity to investigate the spectrum of endogenous PGs and other eicosanoids that are produced by these cells. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were the major cyclooxygenase products detected by both radioimmunoassay and thin-layer chromatography. A small amount of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was also detected, indicating that these cells are able to produce prostacyclin. The observation of a substantial increase in the proportion of PGF2 alpha relative to PGE2 at later time periods after a media change suggests a metabolic conversion of PGE2 to PGF2 alpha by these cells. Bradykinin, thrombin, platelet activating factor, and serum were found to be effective stimulators of PG production by HTM cells, whereas calcium ionophore produced only a minor effect. Using high pressure liquid chromatography, elution profiles of radiolabeled metabolites of AA suggested the presence of certain lipoxygenase products, including LTB4, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, and a small amount of 5-HETE in HTM cells. The formation of these products was inhibited by both DEX and BW 755c, reinforcing the view that metabolic conversions of AA through the lipoxygenase pathway were possible in the trabecular meshwork. We also examined the effects of glucocorticoids on specific protein synthesis in the HTM cells, using 35S-methionine labeling and SDS-PAGE techniques. Short-term (1 day) DEX treatment revealed a major induction of a protein band at approximately 30 kDa. Longer treatments (1 to 3 weeks) resulted in major inductions at approximately 55 kDa inside the cells, with the presence of secreted forms (probably glycoproteins) between 55 and 72 kDa. The short-term DEX effect on protein synthesis a phospholipase inhibitor regulating eicosanoid production within the HTM. The longer-term induction may, on the other hand, be related more directly to the development of steroid glaucoma, based on our findings that the inductions of these proteins correlate with the observed time course and dose-dependence topical glucocorticoid effects on IOP. Continued in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the eicosanoid pathways in cultured HTM cells obtained from normal and glaucomatous human eyes may help to delineate their relationship to IOP regulation and the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma. Glucocorticoid-induced proteins may be key participants in the regulation of phospholipase activity and hence may represent a major control mechanism of the AA cascade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
HamsaTouch (2014)

We developed a novel tactile vision substitution system (TVSS) for the people with visual impairments. The system is composed of an electro-tactile display with 512 electrodes, the same number of optical sensors beneath each electrode, and a smartphone with a camera and an LCD. The smartphone acquires the surrounding view, conducts image processing and displays the image on the LCD. The image is captured by the optical sensors and converted to a tactile image by the electro-tactile display. While the concept of the TVSS is classic, combining the commonly available mobile device and electro-tactile display enables a low cost yet powerful and compact system. Furthermore, optical communication architecture enables an open development environment, and it can be independently used as a paper-reading tool without the smartphone.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Positron Emission Tomography Imaging and Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Melanoma: New Multimodal Fluorinated and Iodinated Radiotracers (2011)

This study reports a series of 14 new iodinated and fluorinated compounds offering both early imaging ((123)I, (124)I, (18)F) and systemic treatment ((131)I) of melanoma potentialities. The biodistribution of each (125)I-labeled tracer was evaluated in a model of melanoma B16F0-bearing mice, using in vivo serial γ scintigraphic imaging. Among this series, [(125)I]56 emerged as the most promising compound in terms of specific tumoral uptake and in vivo kinetic profile. To validate our multimodality concept, the radiosynthesis of [(18)F]56 was then optimized and this radiotracer has been successfully investigated for in vivo PET imaging of melanoma in B16F0- and B16F10-bearing mouse model. The therapeutic efficacy of [(131)I]56 was then evaluated in mice bearing subcutaneous B16F0 melanoma, and a significant slow down in tumoral growth was demonstrated. These data support further development of 56 for PET imaging ((18)F, (124)I) and targeted radionuclide therapy ((131)I) of melanoma using a single chemical structure.
Titanium and Titanium alloy Coatings for Corrosion Protection (2012)

Nowadays, long service life is often required because the environmental regulation and labor costs on repairing are expected to become increasingly severe and high. A promising approach to optimize both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance is the use of coating technologies. Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for corrosion protection because they offer a high chemical resistance against various corrosive media due to a dense self-sealing oxide layer. This paper gives a general review on various surface modification technologies pertaining to titanium and titanium alloys including physical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering, cold spraying, thermal spraying, and shrouded plasma spraying from the perspective of coating technology. Recent research work has shown that it is a more effective method by the protective titanium or titanium alloys coatings to provide improved corrosion resistance. The proper surface treatment expands the use of titanium and titanium alloys in the aggressive corrosion atmospheres. Some of the recent applications with a gas shroud to deposit titanium and titanium alloy coatings are also discussed in this paper.
Human collagen produced in plants (2013)

Consequential to its essential role as a mechanical support and affinity regulator in extracellular matrices, collagen constitutes a highly sought after scaffolding material for regeneration and healing applications. However, substantiated concerns have been raised with regard to quality and safety of animal tissue-extracted collagen, particularly in relation to its immunogenicity, risk of disease transmission and overall quality and consistency. In parallel, contamination with undesirable cellular factors can significantly impair its bioactivity, vis-a-vis its impact on cell recruitment, proliferation and differentiation. High-scale production of recombinant human collagen Type I (rhCOL1) in the tobacco plant provides a source of an homogenic, heterotrimeric, thermally stable "virgin" collagen which self assembles to fine homogenous fibrils displaying intact binding sites and has been applied to form numerous functional scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In addition, rhCOL1 can form liquid crystal structures, yielding a well-organized and mechanically strong membrane, two properties indispensable to extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicry. Overall, the shortcomings of animal- and cadaver-derived collagens arising from their source diversity and recycled nature are fully overcome in the plant setting, constituting a collagen source ideal for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Design and implementation of a hard real-time telerobotic control system using sensor-based assist functions (2008)

Design and implementation of a hard real-time telerobotic control system using sensor-based assist functions
Photograph Ownership and Authorization using Blockchain (2019)

The number of photographs taken is increasing exponentially each year. This includes the photographs captured by professional as well as non-professional personnel. The ease in accessibility of these work of art over the internet has increased unauthorized use of owner's property without handing them their deserved credit. In addition, the process to take the authorization over the use of the photograph from the respective owner takes a large amount of time as well as money. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of distributed ledger technology known as ‘Blockchain’ in order to keep the decentralized record of ownership. In addition, storing the photograph itself on the decentralized platform can make it more secure. Furthermore, designing a smart contract in which the user and owner can agree on the use of the owner's property can address the problem of unauthorized use. This paper describes the integration of blockchain, distributed storage, and peer-to-peer communication in order to solve the current problem of handling photograph ownership and authorization. Ethereum blockchain is implemented to achieve secure transaction and handling functionality regarding authorization with the help of smart contracts that runs on the blockchain. As the storage layer, the paper discusses the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) as a distributed database with which the photographs can be stored such that decentralization can be achieved. Only after the verifying the similar image does not exist on the system the image is stored in IPFS. The existence of a duplicate image is done with the implementation of dHash algorithm and hamming distance. Whisper protocol allows the owner of the photograph and user on the Ethereum blockchain to leverage peer-to-peer communication to reach a consensus.
Colloidal metal films as a substrate for surface-enhanced spectroscopy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColloidal metal films as a substrate for surface-enhanced spectroscopyGeorge Chumanov, Konstantin Sokolov, Brian W. Gregory, and Therese M. CottonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 23, 9466–9471Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100023a025https://doi.org/10.1021/j100023a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1693Altmetric-Citations309LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts