gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E supplementation and mammalian lifespan (2010)

Vitamin E refers to a family of several compounds that possess a similar chemical structure comprising a chromanol ring with a 16-carbon side chain. The degree of saturation of the side chain, and positions and nature of methyl groups designate the compounds as tocopherols or tocotrienols. Vitamin E compounds have antioxidant properties due to a hydroxyl group on the chromanol ring. Recently, it has been suggested that vitamin E may also regulate signal transduction and gene expression. We previously reported that lifelong dietary vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplementation significantly increased median lifespan in C57BL/6 mice by 15%. This lifespan extension appeared to be independent of any antioxidant effect. Employing a transcriptional approach, we suggest that this increase in lifespan may reflect an anti-cancer effect via induction of the P21 signalling pathway, since cancer is the major cause of death in small rodents. We suggest that the role of this pathway in life span extension following supplementation of vitamin E now requires further investigation.
Analytical chemistry of synthetic routes to psychoactive tryptamines : Part II. Characterisation of the Speeter and Anthony synthetic route to N,N-dialkylated tryptamines using GC-EI-ITMS, ESI-TQ-MS-MS and NMR (2005)

The degree of alkylation of the side chain nitrogen in tryptamines is one important factor that affects psychoactivity. The method of Speeter and Anthony is considered to be one of the most important synthetic preparative methods. The final step in this reaction is based on the reduction of a (substituted) indole-3-yl-glyoxalylamide to the desired tryptamine with metal hydride. Twelve symmetrically and 13 asymmetrically N,N-disubstituted glyoxalylamides and their corresponding tryptamine derivatives have been synthesised and characterised by gas chromatography EI-ion trap mass spectrometry, electrospray-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Mass spectral and NMR similarities and differences between the investigated compounds are discussed. A solvent dependency is observed that has to be taken into consideration for the unambiguous assignment of (1)H- and (13)C-NMR chemical shifts. The (1)H-NMR study demonstrated that one can evaluate the rotamer populations of the asymmetrical glyoxalylamides. In a forensic or clinical scenario where single or multiple reaction monitoring approaches are contemplated, the appropriate ion transitions of choice may then focus on the two main fragmentations, namely beta-cleavage ([M+H](+)-->CH(2)N(+)R(2)R(3)) and/or alpha-cleavage ([M+H](+)-->[3-vinylindole](+)), respectively. The synthesis, NMR and MS analytical data presented provide the forensic analyst and clinical biochemist with a detailed and self-consistent body of information and mechanisms for the spectral identification of the more likely psychoactive tryptamines that may be met.
Diagnosis of Jamestown Canyon Encephalitis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (1999)

In recent years, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been under study as a potential technique to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of suspected central nervous system viral infections. We describe a case of severe encephalitis in a previously healthy 20-year-old woman from New York who presented with headache, fever, and photophobia. Her illness was characterized by progressive worsening of her neurological status, leading to confusion, delirium, and status epilepticus. The diagnosis of Jamestown Canyon encephalitis was established by positive reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and nucleic acid sequencing of the band from both cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue. The nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the Jamestown Canyon virus from this patient were very similar to Jamestown Canyon virus isolates from mosquito pools in New York. This report suggests that RT-PCR assays could be important tools in the diagnostic workup of cases of encephalitis.
Minimal truncation of the c-myb gene product in rapid-onset B-cell lymphoma (1997)

Oncogenic activation of c-myb by insertional mutagenesis has been implicated in rapid-onset B-cell lymphomas induced by the nonacute avian leukosis virus EU-8. In these tumors, proviruses are integrated either upstream of the c-myb coding region or within the first intron of c-myb. Tumors with either type of integration contained identical chimeric mRNAs in which the viral 5' splice site was juxtaposed to the 3' splice site of c-myb exon 2 and myb exon 1 was eliminated. Both classes of integrations generated truncated Myb proteins that were indistinguishable by Western analysis. In contrast to most other examples of c-myb activation, the truncation consisted of only 20 N-terminal amino acids and did not disrupt either the DNA binding domain near the N terminus or the negative regulatory domain near the C terminus of Myb. The significance of the 20-amino-acid Myb truncation to tumorigenesis was tested by infection of chicken embryos with retroviral vectors expressing different myb gene products. While virus expressing either wild-type c-myb or c-myb mutated at the N-terminal casein kinase II sites was only weakly oncogenic at 10 weeks, the minimally truncated myb virus induced a high incidence of rapid-onset tumors, including B-cell lymphomas, sarcomas, and adenocarcinomas.
Drones and Possibilities of Their Using (2016)

This article shows the drones and possibilities of their using. First there was discussed construction of the drone, which the most important elements are frame, propellers, engine, system of power the electronic control and communication system. A drone is powered by batteries, which is the major drawback, because it is exhausted after 15 minutes of flight, causing a decrease drone on the ground. The lithium-polymer batteries are used for powering the drones. Then there were compared the military and civilian drones on selected examples. Military drones differ from civil of size and drive. They are bigger and powered by internal combustion engines. Civil drones are driven by electric motors. Next there were shown the possibilities of using the drones. They can be used by the public services (like police, fire brigades, border guards), by army, in industry, for taking photos and filming, in delivering shipments. The article shows the danger connecting with using the drones. The main danger of using the drones is the fall of a drone from a great height, which may be due discharge of the battery, damage caused by weather conditions (low air temperature, precipitation), hitting in an obstacle (tree, building, high-voltage line). Currently a lot of projects related to the development of power for drones are conducted like battery of grapheme, pure lithium anodes, and fuel cells. A very important risks associated with the extensive use of civilian drones is related with privacy and the rights of citizens.
<i>E-Novo</i>: An Automated Workflow for Efficient Structure-Based Lead Optimization (2009)

An automated E-Novo protocol designed as a structure-based lead optimization tool was prepared through Pipeline Pilot with existing CHARMm components in Discovery Studio. A scaffold core having 3D binding coordinates of interest is generated from a ligand-bound protein structural model. Ligands of interest are generated from the scaffold using an R-group fragmentation/enumeration tool within E-Novo, with their cores aligned. The ligand side chains are conformationally sampled and are subjected to core-constrained protein docking, using a modified CHARMm-based CDOCKER method to generate top poses along with CDOCKER energies. In the final stage of E-Novo, a physics-based binding energy scoring function ranks the top ligand CDOCKER poses using a more accurate Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born with Surface Area method. Correlation of the calculated ligand binding energies with experimental binding affinities were used to validate protocol performance. Inhibitors of Src tyrosine kinase, CDK2 kinase, beta-secretase, factor Xa, HIV protease, and thrombin were used to test the protocol using published ligand crystal structure data within reasonably defined binding sites. In-house Respiratory Syncytial Virus inhibitor data were used as a more challenging test set using a hand-built binding model. Least squares fits for all data sets suggested reasonable validation of the protocol within the context of observed ligand binding poses. The E-Novo protocol provides a convenient all-in-one structure-based design process for rapid assessment and scoring of lead optimization libraries.
Sperm disintegrins, egg integrins, and other cell adhesion molecules of mammalian gamete plasma membrane interactions (1999)

The cell-cell interactions that occur between sperm and egg involve not only the binding but also the fusion of the gamete plasma membranes. Numerous studies, carried out decades ago and more recently, have implicated several different molecules on both the sperm and egg as being involved in gamete membrane interactions. The sperm proteins that have received the most attention recently have homology to disintegrins, which are proteins in snake venoms that can interact with integrins. These sperm disintegrin-like proteins are members of a molecular family, known as ADAM's (for A Disintegrin and A Metalloprotease) or MDC's (for Metalloprotease, Disintegrin, Cysteine-rich). This review will focus on the molecules that have been implicated in mediating mammalian sperm-egg binding or the fusion of the gamete membranes. The molecules that will be discussed include three members of the ADAM/MDC family on sperm (fertilin alpha, fertilin beta, and cyritestin), integrins on eggs (alpha-6/beta-1 and others), and a number of other egg and sperm molecules, novel and characterized in other systems, that have been implicated in these processes.
Composition of Perineuronal Net Extracellular Matrix in Rat Brain (2006)

We developed a method to extract differentially chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that are diffusely present in the central nervous system (CNS) matrix and CSPGs that are present in the condensed matrix of perineuronal nets (PNNs). Adult rat brain was sequentially extracted with Tris-buffered saline (TBS), TBS-containing detergent, 1 m NaCl, and 6 m urea. Extracting tissue sections with these buffers showed that the diffuse and membrane-bound CSPGs were extracted in the first three buffers, but PNN-associated CSPGs remained and were only removed by 6 m urea. Most of the CSPGs were extracted to some degree with all the buffers, with neurocan, brevican, aggrecan, and versican particularly associated with the stable urea-extractable PNNs. The CSPGs in stable complexes only extractable in urea buffer are found from postnatal day 7-14 coinciding with PNN formation. Disaccharide composition analysis indicated a different glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composition for PGs strongly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM). For CS/dermatan sulfate (DS)-GAG the content of nonsulfated, 6-O-sulfated, 2,6-O-disulfated, and 4,6-O-disulfated disaccharides were higher and for heparan sulfate (HS)-GAG, the content of 6-O-sulfated, 2-N-, 6-O-disulfated, 2-O-, 2-N-disulfated, and 2-O-, 2-N-, 6-O-trisulfated disaccharides were higher in urea extract compared with other buffer extracts. Digestions with chondroitinase ABC and hyaluronidase indicated that aggrecan, versican, neurocan, brevican, and phosphacan are retained in PNNs through binding to hyaluronan (HA). A comparison of the brain and spinal cord ECM with respect to CSPGs indicated that the PNNs in both parts of the CNS have the same composition.
Selective production of acetone during continuous synthesis gas fermentation by engineered biocatalyst Clostridium sp. MAceT113 (2012)

The process shows the opportunity to produce acetone from synthesis gas at concentrations comparable with production of acetone from products of petroleum cracking. This is the first report on elimination of acetate and acetaldehyde production and directing carbon flux from Acetyl-CoA to acetone via a non-naturally occurring in acetogen acetone biosynthesis pathway identified in eukaryotic organisms.
Catalytic Hybrid Electrocatalytic/Biocatalytic Cascades for Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Valorization (2021)

Carbon dioxide, as a greenhouse gas, has a critical impact on global climate change. Hence, reducing its emissions and/or transforming it into value-added chemicals is of paramount importance to society. Such a goal can be achieved through the development of electrochemical catalytic processes, which showed initial successes in synthesizing CO and cosynthesis of H2 (syngas) from CO2. However, to further advance the technology toward more complex hydrocarbons (possibly fuels) and more complex organic molecules to be used in industrial chemical synthesis of rubber/resins and plastics or even fine chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals, catalytic structures have to be designed beyond simple materials. One approach consists of executing the required steps linking CO and small alcohols and the desired products through chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes or microorganisms, hence combining them with the electrocatalysts used for the initial steps of the CO2 reduction. Here, we discuss the electrocatalysts, enzymes, and bacteria to be used for those cascade reactions. Inorganic catalysts can be directly utilized for initial steps of CO2 reduction resulting in formate, carbon monoxide, and methanol, which then can be further reduced by employing enzymatic catalysts such as carbonic anhydrase and formate dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase. Formate, carbon monoxide, and methanol can also be converted to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate, which are critical intermediates in the production of various chemicals of critical importance. Furthermore, if a chemolithoautotrophic bacteria is employed, the former can be used as a feedstock for biomass. A special emphasis is here given to the compatibility of the different classes of electrocatalysts used in the cascade: heterogeneous electrocatalysts (metals and metal oxides/carbides/nitrites, atomically dispersed transition metal–nitrogen-carbon, etc.), enzymatic catalysts (individually purified enzymes or multienzymatic complexes), bacterial cells (pure or mixed cultures of different classes, planktonic, or biofilm-forming), and their integration in singular bed reactors or multireactors units required for the formation of the products of interest. The electrocatalysts and related cascade reaction pathways are summarized in a descriptive “connectivity map” identifying the most important reaction pathways.
Experimentally induced infections bovine keratoconjunctivitis: effectiveness of a pilus vaccine against exposure to homologous strains of Moraxella bovis. (1977)

A study was conducted to determine whether vaccination with sonicated pili of Moraxella bovis would protect cattle from subsequent infection and disease when experimentally challenged by exposure to homologous cultures of M bovis. Some calves were intramuscularly inoculated 2 times with pili of M bovis suspended in water, and others were subcutaneously inoculated 2 times with pili of M bovis suspended in oil; 21 days were allowed between inculations. Controls were nonvaccinated calves. Fourteen days after the last inculation, all calves were exposed to virulent homologous cultures of M bovis. The results indicated that vaccination with sonicated pili of M bovis may induce protective immunity against homologous strain challenge exposure. Vaccines in oil that were injected subcutaneously protected to a greater extent than did vaccines in water that were injected intramuscularly. The development of inflammatory nodules at the site of inoculation was associated with resistance to infection and disease. Only 1 of the vaccinated calves that resisted disease lacked precipitating antibodies against sonicated pili at the time of the challenge exposure. This calf had antibodies 2 weeks later.
A study on severe food reactions in Sweden – is soy protein an underestimated cause of food anaphylaxis? (1999)

Soy has probably been underestimated as a cause of food anaphylaxis. Those at risk seem to be young people with asthma and peanut allergy so severe that they notice symptoms after indirect contact.
Trough integration into power plants—a study on the performance and economy of integrated solar combined cycle systems (2003)

Parabolic trough solar technology has been proven at nine commercial Solar Electric Generating Systems (SEGS) power plants that are operating in the California Mojave desert. These plants utilize steam Rankine cycle power plants, and as a result, most people associate parabolic trough solar technology with steam Rankine cycle power plant technology. Although these plants are clearly optimized for their particular application, other power cycle designs may be appropriate in other situations. Of particular interest is the integration of parabolic trough solar technology with combined cycle power plant technology. This configuration is referred to as integrated solar combined cycle systems (ISCCS). Four potential projects in India, Egypt, Morocco, and Mexico are considering the ISCCS type solar power cycle configurations. The key questions are when is the ISCCS configuration preferred over the SEGS power cycle configuration and how is the ISCCS plant designed to optimize the integration of the solar field and the power cycle. This paper reviews the results of a collaborative effort under the International Energy Agency SolarPACES organization to address these questions and it shows the potential environmental and economic benefits of each configuration.
Assessment of adherence to cinacalcet by prescription refill rates in hemodialysis patients (2009)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is common among dialysis patients and leads to numerous complications including cardiovascular disease and renal osteodystrophy. Cinacalcet, an oral daily calcimimetic agent that sensitizes the calcium receptor to serum calcium, is approved for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. We identified 101 patients who received their first cinacalcet prescription between November 2004 and April 2005. All patients were participating in a Missouri state-funded pharmacy program providing free or low cost medications. We tracked the cinacalcet refill rate and refills for another control medication prescribed to each patient. The average cinacalcet refill rate over the first 12 months was 56% vs. 64% for the control medication (P=0.02). Good adherence, defined as >80% medication possession ratio over the 12 months, was 29% for cinacalcet and 33% for the control medication (P=0.68). Additionally, the refill rate for cinacalcet fell significantly over five quarterly periods from 53% in the first quarter to 37% in the 5th quarter. We conclude that dialysis patients' adherence to medications, including cinacalcet, is poor even when medications are provided at a nominal cost. Poor cinacalcet adherence would be expected to impair long-term control of SHPT. In a reimbursement system where injectable, but not oral medications, are bundled with dialysis payments there may be pressure to move patients to oral medications. The poor compliance found in this study highlights the potential adverse effects of movement toward self-administered oral therapy.
Cyclobutyl-Containing Rigid Analogues of Threonine: Synthesis and Physical Chemical Properties (2017)

Hitherto unknown cis- and trans-1-amino-3-hydroxy-3-methylcyclobutanecarboxylic acids were synthesized in multigram scale. The obtained compounds can be considered as achiral conformationally restricted analogues of threonine with fixed spatial orientation of functional groups. pK<sub>a</sub> values are noticeably different for both amino acids. According to the X-ray data the cyclobutane rings in both compounds are almost planar (the corresponding torsion angles are below 7°).
Syntheses of (S)-(-)-3-piperidinol from L-glutamic acid and (S)-malic acid (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of (S)-(-)-3-piperidinol from L-glutamic acid and (S)-malic acidRichard K. Olsen, Krishna L. Bhat, Robert B. Wardle, William J. Hennen, and Ganesh D. KiniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 6, 896–899Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00206a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00206a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1050Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spin pumping and large field-like torque at room temperature in sputtered amorphous WTe2−x films (2020)

We studied the spin-to-charge and charge-to-spin conversion at room temperature in sputtered WTe2−x (x = 0.8) (t)/Co20Fe60B20(6 nm) heterostructures. Spin pumping measurements were used to characterize the spin-to-charge efficiency, and the spin efficiency was calculated to be larger than ∼0.035. Second harmonic Hall measurements were carried out to estimate the charge-to-spin conversion ratio. We found that the system exhibits a large field-like torque (spin torque efficiency ∼0.1) and small damping-like torque (spin torque efficiency ∼0.001) compared to those reported for heavy metals. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that the WTe2−x layer is amorphous, which may enhance the spin swapping effect by inducing large interfacial spin–orbit scattering, thus contributing to a large field-like torque.
A self-configuring accelerometer hybrid (2002)

The SCAT (self-configuring acceleration transducer) CMOS chip is part of a hybrid circuit which buffers analog signals in the 1-Hz to 1-kHz range and has two pins: ground and supply. Since power to the hybrid is from a DC current source (2 mA to 20 mA) the voltage at the supply cable is the output signal. SCAT outputs a unique 36-b signature when power is applied and then becomes a buffer amplifier for a high-impedance, plastic, Kynar accelerometer. The author describes the unique sections of the SCAT chip used in the hybrid: (1) a buffer amplifier, (2) the signature logic with polysilicon fuses, (3) an oscillator, (4) a voltage/current reference, and (5) a power-off timer to avoid signature glitches. Prototype chips and hybrids met or exceeded all specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>