gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anionic living polymerization of <i>tert</i>‐Aminostyrenes and application of the polymers (2003)

Abstract Anionic living polymerization of tertiary aminostyrenes (tAS) that serve as chemical links between two polymers are studied and the applications of the polymers to reversible recording materials are summarized in this paper. For preparing well‐defined polymers that have desired molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions by anionic living mechanism, three conditions are satisfied and the corresponding five experimental proofs are discussed using tAS as an example. The three poly(tertiary aminostyrene)s (PtAS) were prepared. The degree of quaternization of PtAS with n ‐butyl bromide could be controlled from 0 to 100%. The amino groups of PtAS were quaternized by p, p′‐bis(chloromethyl)azobenzene (CAB) to prepare the cross‐linked film and the network concentration was characterized by an equilibrium‐swelling test. Photochemical isomerization of CAB incorporated in PtAS was investigated in order to prepare the reversible recording materials. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low noise RF quadrature VCO using tail-switch network-based coupling in 40 nm CMOS (2018)

The proposed VCO presents an alternative approach to obtaining accurate quadrature phases by strategically modulating tail current sources while avoiding bimodal oscillations and noise due to coupling paths; the architecture is very compact, low power, robust and does not require tuning knobs. Demonstrated in a 40 nm CMOS process, the measured phase noise is -123.2 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset for an oscillation frequency of 4.9 GHz. The measured phase error at 4.9 GHz is 1.4°. A figure of merit (FoM) of 188.3 dBc/Hz was obtained while dissipating a power of 7.5 mW from a 1.1 V power supply.
<i>m</i> ‐Trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl Chloride (2003)

Abstract m ‐trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride product: m ‐trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride unknown: m ‐CF 3 unknown: p ‐NO 2 unknown: m ‐NO 2 unknown: p ‐Cl unknown: p ‐CO 2 CH 3 unknown: 3,5‐di‐NO 2 unknown: m ‐CH 3 unknown: H unknown: p ‐OCH 3
Pulling on super paramagnetic beads with micro cantilevers: single molecule mechanical assay application (2015)

This paper demonstrates that it is possible to trap and release a super paramagnetic micro bead by fixing three super paramagnetic micro beads in a triangular array at the sensitive end of a micro cantilever, and by simply switching on/off an external magnetic field. To provide evidence of this principle we trap a micro bead that is attached to the free end of single DNA molecule and that has been previously fixed at the other end to a glass surface, using the standard sample preparation protocol of magnetic tweezers assays. The switching process is reversible which preserves the integrity of the tethered molecule, and a local force applied over the tethered bead excludes the neighbouring beads from the magnetic trap. We have developed a quadrature phase interferometer which is able to perform under fluid environments to accurately measure small deflections, which permits the exploration of DNA elasticity. Our results agree with measurements from magnetic tweezer assays performed under similar conditions. Furthermore, compared to the magnetic tweezer methodology, the combination of the magnetic trap with a suitable measurement system for cantilever deflection, allows for the exploration of a wide range of forces using a local method that has an improved temporal resolution.
Mild and Selective Hydrozirconation of Amides to Aldehydes Using Cp<sub>2</sub>Zr(H)Cl:  Scope and Mechanistic Insight (2007)

An investigation of the use of Cp2Zr(H)Cl (Schwartz's reagent) to reduce a variety of amides to the corresponding aldehydes under very mild reaction conditions and in high yields is reported. A range of tertiary amides, including Weinreb's amides, can be converted directly to the corresponding aldehydes with remarkable chemoselectivity. Primary and secondary amides proved to be viable substrates for reduction as well, although the yields were somewhat diminished as compared to the corresponding tertiary amides. Results from NMR experiments suggested the presence of a stable, 18-electron zirconacycle intermediate that presumably affords the aldehyde upon water or silica gel workup. A series of competition experiments revealed a preference of the reagent for substrates in which the lone pair of the nitrogen is electron releasing and thus more delocalized across the amide bond by resonance. This trend accounts for the observed excellent selectivity for tertiary amides versus esters. Experiments regarding the solvent dependence of the reaction suggested a kinetic profile similar to that postulated for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes. Addition of p-anisidine to the reaction intermediate resulted in the formation of the corresponding imine mimicking the addition of water that forms the aldehyde.
Rifampin activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. (1989)

Rifampin has demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Four other antibiotics had no effect when used alone; three of these (clindamycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline) were antagonistic to rifampin when used in combination. Vancomycin was synergistic with rifampin, producing complete killing. Fresh peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution accentuated the antimicrobial activity, whereas spent PD fluid neutralized it.
Frequency selective microwave power limiting in thin YIG films (1983)

This paper develops a model of frequency selective microwave power limiting in a microstrip transmission line coupled continuously to a magnetic insulator. Calculated selectivity bandwidth is compared to that experimentally measured in a 57 micron YIG film. Selectivity bandwidth is approximately ±20 MHz for 3 dB compression of weak signals in S-band. The effect of linear absorption in the microstrip is included in the analysis.
Lutetium DOTATATE whole body scans: A novel approach for evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors (2011)

Our preliminary data suggest that Lu-DOTATATE whole body scanning procedure is cost effective and equally sensitive as Gallium DOTATOC/NOC PET scan in pre-therapy setting of neuroendocrine tumors. The additional advantage of dosimetry calculations on this scanning procedure makes it more ideal to tailor therapies with more accuracy.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Oral Antifungal Treatment for Severe Asthma with Fungal Sensitization (2008)

SAFS responds to oral antifungal therapy as judged by large improvements in quality of life in about 60% of patients.
Neuroanatomical Alterations in Tinnitus Assessed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2016)

Previous studies of anatomical changes associated with tinnitus have provided inconsistent results, with some showing significant cortical and subcortical changes, while others have found effects due to hearing loss, but not tinnitus. In this study, we examined changes in brain anatomy associated with tinnitus using anatomical scans from 128 participants with tinnitus and hearing loss, tinnitus with clinically normal hearing, and non-tinnitus controls with clinically normal hearing. The groups were matched for hearing loss, age and gender. We employed voxel- and surface-based morphometry (SBM) to investigate gray and white matter volume and thickness within regions-of-interest (ROI) that were based on the results of previous studies. The largest overall effects were found for age, gender, and hearing loss. With regard to tinnitus, analysis of ROI revealed numerous small increases and decreases in gray matter and thickness between tinnitus and non-tinnitus controls, in both cortical and subcortical structures. For whole brain analysis, the main tinnitus-related significant clusters were found outside sensory auditory structures. These include a decrease in cortical thickness for the tinnitus group compared to controls in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and a decrease in cortical volume with hearing loss in left Heschl's gyrus (HG). For masked analysis, we found a decrease in gray matter volume in the right Heschle's gyrus for the tinnitus group compared to the controls. We found no changes in the subcallosal region as reported in some previous studies. Overall, while some of the morphological differences observed in this study are similar to previously published findings, others are entirely different or even contradict previous results. We highlight other discrepancies among previous results and the increasing need for a more precise subtyping of the condition.
Visualization cf radiation-pattern characteristics of phased arrays using digital phase shifters (2003)

This article presents graphical investigations of the array factor of phased arrays with digital phase shifters. A software program, based on basic antenna array theory, has been developed in MATLAB to obtain the main array characteristics (array factor and directivity). The array factors of linear arrays of different sizes with different types of phase shifters have been studied as a function of the number of bits and the frequency. Unconventional two-dimensional color graphical representations are used to identify some characteristics of the array factor of arrays with digital phase shifters that can not be so clearly and quickly visualized with conventional graphical representations. In particular, the effects of quantization on the array factor for arrays of different sizes and for phase shifters with different numbers of bits, over scanning, and frequency ranges, are shown using this representation. Numerous data are also provided.
Fast accurate iterative three-dimensional Bayesian reconstruction for low-statistics positron volume imaging (1998)

Direct use of list-mode data for image reconstruction improves accuracy for some imaging systems, and permits fast reconstructions for low-statistics situations. A list-mode based three-dimensional implementation of an iterative Bayesian reconstruction algorithm has been developed (FAIR-B). The approach starts with an initial 2-D filtered backprojection (FBP) of Fourier rebinned data and employs a Gibbs prior to encourage images with local continuity, using the method of iterative conditional averages to obtain a sequence of estimates. Ten iterations are sufficient to significantly affect the image, incorporating the benefits of list-mode data and the Gibbs prior. The method has been tested with simulated data for rotating planar detector based systems and can offer improved noise contrast behaviour over FBP and list-mode driven expectation maximisation-maximum likelihood (EM-ML). However, for low-contrast regions whilst improved structural accuracy is still obtained, contrast losses are observed.
Energy-Efficient Deep In-memory Architecture for NAND Flash Memories (2018)

This paper proposes an energy-efficient deep in-memory architecture for NAND flash (DIMA-F) to perform machine learning and inference algorithms on NAND flash memory. Algorithms for data analytics, inference, and decision-making require processing of large data volumes and are hence limited by data access costs. DIMA-F achieves energy savings and throughput improvement for such algorithms by reading and processing data in the analog domain at the periphery of NAND flash memory. This paper also provides behavioral models of DIMA-F that can be used for analysis and large scale system simulations in presence of circuit non-idealities and variations. DIMA-F is studied in the context of linear support vector machines and k-nearest neighbor for face detection and recognition, respectively. An estimated 8×-to-23× reduction in energy and 9×-to-15× improvement in throughput resulting in EDP gains up to 345× over the conventional NAND flash architecture incorporating an external digital ASIC for computation.
Differentiation of proteins based on characteristic patterns of association and denaturation in solutions of SDS (2006)

This paper shows that proteins display an unexpectedly wide range of behaviors in buffers containing moderate (0.1-10 mM) concentrations of SDS (complete unfolding, formation of stable intermediate states, specific association with SDS, and various kinetic phenomena); capillary electrophoresis provides a convenient method of examining these behaviors. Examination of the dynamics of the response of proteins to SDS offers a way to differentiate and characterize proteins. Based on a survey of 18 different proteins, we demonstrate that proteins differ in the concentrations of SDS at which they denature, in the rates of unfolding in SDS, and in the profiles of the denaturation pathways. We also demonstrate that these differences can be exploited in the analysis of mixtures.
Efficacy and dynamics of self-targeting CRISPR/Cas constructs for gene editing in the retina (2018)

ABSTRACT Safe delivery of CRISPR/Cas endonucleases remains one of the major barriers to the widespread application of in vivo genome editing including the anticipatory treatment of monogenic retinal diseases. We previously reported the utility of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated CRISPR/Cas genome editing in the retina; however, with this type of viral delivery system, active endonucleases will remain in the retina for an extended period, making genotoxicity a significant consideration in clinical applications. To address this issue, we have designed a self-destructing “kamikaze” CRISPR/Cas system that disrupts the Cas enzyme itself following expression. Four guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), after in situ validation, the selected sgRNAs were cloned into a dual AAV vector. One construct was used to deliver SpCas9 and the other delivered sgRNAs directed against SpCas9 and the target locus (yellow fluorescent protein, YFP), in the presence of mCherry. Both constructs were packaged into AAV2 vector and intravitreally administered in C57BL/6 and Thy1-YFP transgenic mice. After 8 weeks the expression of SpCas9, the efficacy of YFP gene disruption was quantified. A reduction of SpCas9 mRNA was found in retinas treated with AAV2-mediated-YFP/SpCas9 targeting CRISPR/Cas compared to those treated with YFP targeting CRISPR/Cas alone. We also show that AAV2-mediated delivery of YFP/SpCas9 targeting CRISPR/Cas significantly reduced the number of YFP fluorescent cells among mCherry-expressing cells (~85.5% reduction compared to LacZ/SpCas9 targeting CRISPR/Cas) in transfected retina of Thy1-YFP transgenic mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that a self-destructive “kamikaze” CRISPR/Cas system can be used as a robust tool for refined genome editing in the retina, without compromising on-target efficiency.
Primate Models of Asthma (1996)

The use of animal models to mimic certain aspect of human disease has proven to be invaluable to biomedical research. Animal models allow experimentation that would be hazardous in humans [1, 2], provide tissue for study in vitro, enable validation of data in a variety of systems, allow genetic and environmental influences to be manipulated or controlled, and facilitate the preclinical assessment of drug efficacy [2].
Unlocking the Potential of Asymmetric Hydrogenation at Merck (2007)

This Account outlines the efforts of Merck scientists toward implementing asymmetric hydrogenation as a core competency within Merck Research Laboratories. Several key factors are discussed including (i) a focus on efficient chemical synthesis, (ii) implementation of high throughput screening (HTS) techniques, (iii) demonstration of robustness on scale, and (iv) diligence to ensure freedom of operation and catalyst supply for manufacturing. Several examples of the development of efficient asymmetric hydrogenation processes are described.
Comparing a knowledge-driven approach to a supervised machine learning approach in large-scale extraction of drug-side effect relationships from free-text biomedical literature (2015)

In summary, we automatically constructed a large-scale higher-level drug phenotype relationship knowledge, which can have great potential in computational drug discovery.
Localized Ductility of Irradiated Zircaloy-2 Cladding in Air and Iodine Environments (1977)

A laboratory testing method which is capable of imposing plane-stress and localized plane-strain loading conditions on tubing specimens was used to examine effects of annealing temperature and test environment on the strength and ductility of neutron irradiated Zircaloy-2 tubing. Tests were performed at 350°C in both air and iodine environments on specimens previously irradiated at 327°C in a helium atmosphere to fluences ranging between 1.26 and 1.60 × 1021 neutrons (n)/cm2 (E &gt; 1 MeV). The tensile ductility under plane-strain loading conditions depended on preirradiation annealing temperature, with recrystallized specimens showing the largest plastic strain at maximum load (6 to 10 percent) in air. By way of comparison, stress-relieved specimens showed the largest plastic strain at maximum load (4 to 5 percent) under conditions of plane-stress loading in air. An iodine environment reduced the load-carrying capacity of the cladding (plane-strain loading) and lowered the strain at maximum load to near the detection limit of the test technique (approximately 1 percent), regardless of prior heat treatment. A change in failure mode from dimpled ductile rupture to quasicleavage and fluting accompanied this loss of ductility.
Modeling the properties of PECVD silicon dioxide films using optimized back-propagation neural networks (1994)

Silicon dioxide films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are useful as interlayer dielectrics for metal-insulator structures such as MOS integrated circuits and multichip modules. The PECVD of SiO/sub 2/ in a SiH/sub 4//N/sub 2/O gas mixture yields films with excellent physical properties. However, due to the complex nature of particle dynamics within the plasma, it is difficult to determine the exact nature of the relationship between film properties and controllable deposition conditions. Other modeling techniques, such as first principles or statistical response surface methods, are limited in either efficiency or accuracy. In this study, PECVD modeling using neural networks has been introduced. The deposition of SiO/sub 2/ was characterized via a 2/sup 5-1/ fractional factorial experiment, and data from this experiment was used to train feed-forward neural networks using the error back-propagation algorithm. The optimal neural network structure and learning parameters were determined by means of a second fractional factorial experiment. The optimized networks minimized both learning and prediction error. From these neural process models, the effect of deposition conditions on film properties has been studied, and sensitivity analysis has been performed to determine the impact of individual parameter fluctuations. The deposition experiments were carried out in a Plasma Therm 700 series PECVD system. The models obtained will ultimately be used for several other manufacturing applications, including recipe synthesis and process control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems: I. Cohesion and Adaptability Dimensions, Family Types, and Clinical Applications (1979)

The conceptual clustering of numerous concepts from family therapy and other social science fields reveals two significant dimensions of family behavior, cohesion and adaptability. These two dimensions are placed into a circumplex model that is used to identify 16 types of marital and family systems. The model proposes that a balanced level of both cohesion and adaptability is the most functional to marital and family development. It postulates the need for a balance on the cohesion dimension between too much closeness (which leads to enmeshed systems) and too little closeness (which leads to disengaged systems). There also needs to be a balance on the adaptability dimension between too much change (which leads to chaotic systems) and too little change (which leads to rigid systems). The model was developed as a tool for clinical diagnosis and for specifying treatment goals with couples and families.
Fire performance of flame retardant polypropylene and polystyrene composites screened with microscale combustion calorimetry (2010)

Abstract Flame retardant polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) materials were prepared by the incorporation of decabromodiphenyl oxide and Sb 2 O 3 in addition to nanoparticles, montmorillonite clay, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Their fire performance was screened with microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) as well as evaluated by cone calorimetry. The decabromodiphenyl oxide–Sb 2 O 3 system exhibited better efficiency in reducing the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PP compared to PS in the MCC, whereas the trend was the opposite in cone calorimetry. Introduction of clay or CNTs to the decabromodiphenyl oxide–Sb 2 O 3 system was beneficial in reducing the PHRR of both composites in cone calorimetry; however, a reduction in the PHRR in the MCC was only observed in the PS composites. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies revealed that the fire results from the MCC for the two types of composites were strongly correlated with their thermal degradation traces. There were poor relationships between the parameters of MCC and cone calorimetry, but good correlation between the temperature difference of the first and second peak of mass loss rate in the TGA, temperature at the PHRR in the MCC, and fire performance index in the cone calorimetry. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the synergy between indexing and compression representations for video sequences (2006)

Este trabajo estudia la utilidad de explotar la sinergia entre las representaciones de e de secuencias de video, El estudio se ha separado en dos tareas principales. En la primera tarea, las representaciones de se han analizado para producir representaciones de mas optimizadas. En la segunda tarea, las representaciones de se han explotado para generar representaciones de mas eficientes. En esta tesis, la expresion de compresion se refiere a todos aquellos datos, llamados normalmente bitstream, que describen el contenido digital de una manera compacta, usando el menor numero de bits posible y permitiendo a su vez la funcionalidad de visualizacion del contenido. Por otro lado, el termino de indexacion se refiere a todas aquellas estructuras de datos, descriptores o informacion extra que ha sido extraida del contenido digital para proporcionar funcionalidades de indexacion, resumen, busqueda o adquisicion.

Durante los ultimos anos, ambas representaciones has sido estudiadas independientemente y, por ello, las representaciones de e se han obtenido o generado usando diferentes esquemas y algoritmos. Sin embargo, ambas representaciones describen el mismo contenido digital y, por lo tanto, es normal pensar que cada una de ellas se puede beneficiar de la otra.

En la primera tarea de la tesis, las representaciones de son analizadas para crear representaciones de planos de video mas robustas y optimizadas. En particular, ambas representaciones investigan los mosaicos para crear representaciones mas eficientes. El esquema de codificacion por mosaicos del estandar MPEG-4 se amplia para poder usar el mosaico, no solo en codificacion, sino para resumir y describir planos de video. La representacion de que se propone en este trabajo se basa en el contenido de la escena ya que esta es analizada p