gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of parametric statistical weights in CAD imaging systems (2005)

PURPOSE: To propose a method for Parametric Statistical Weights (PSW) estimations and analyze its statistical impact in Computer-Aided Diagnosis Imaging Systems based on a Relative Similarity (CADIRS) classification approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Multifactor statistical method was developed and applied for Parametric Statistical Weights calculations in CADIRS. The implemented PSW method was used for statistical estimations of PSW impact when applied to a clinically validated breast ultrasound digital database of 332 patients' cases with biopsy proven findings. The method is based on the assumption that each parameter used in Relative Similarity (RS) classifier contributes to the deviation of the diagnostic prediction proportionally to the normalized value of its coefficient of multiple regression. The calculated by CADIRS Relative Similarity values with and without PSW were statistically estimated, compared and analyzed (on subset of cases) using classic Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis methods. RESULTS: When CADIRS classification scheme was augmented with PSW the Relative Similarity the calculated values were 2-5% higher in average. Numeric estimations of PSW allowed decomposition of statistical significance for each component (factor) and its impact on similarity to the diagnostic results (biopsy proven). CONCLUSION: Parametric Statistical Weights in Computer-Aided Diagnosis Imaging Systems based on a Relative Similarity classification approach can be successfully applied in an effort to enhance overall classification (including scoring) outcomes. For the analyzed cohort of 332 cases the application of PSW increased Relative Similarity to the retrieved templates with known findings by 2-5% in average.
Thin Film Devices (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors Thin Film Diodes
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Kidney Disease with Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases as Its Comorbidities (2015)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are complex disorders of partly unknown genesis and mostly known progression factors. CVD and DM are the risk factors of CKD and are strongly intertwined since DM can lead to both CKD and/or CVD, and CVD can lead to kidney disease. In recent years, our knowledge of CKD, DM, and CVD has been expanded and several important experimental, clinical, and epidemiological associations have been reported. The tight cellular and molecular interactions between the renal, diabetic, and cardiovascular systems in acute or chronic disease settings are becoming increasingly evident. However, the (patho-) physiological basis of the interactions of CKD, DM, and CVD with involvement of multiple endogenous and environmental factors is highly complex and our knowledge is still at its infancy. Not only single pathways and mediators of progression of these diseases have to be considered in these processes but also the mutual interactions of these factors are essential. The recent advances in proteomics and integrative analysis technologies have allowed rapid progress in analyzing complex disorders and clearly show the opportunity for new efficient and specific therapies. More than a dozen pathways have been identified so far, including hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin (RAS)-aldosterone system, osmotic sodium retention, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, RAS/RAF/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, modification of the purinergic system, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-dependent signaling pathways, and inflammation, all leading to histomorphological alterations of the kidney and vessels of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Since a better understanding of the common cellular and molecular mechanisms of these diseases may be a key to successful identification of new therapeutic targets, we review in this paper the current literature about cellular and molecular mechanisms of CKD.
Tunable metal film filters as narrowband ir laser reflectors (1976)

An approximate mathematical description of tunable metal film reflector filters for the medium and far ir is derived. The absorptive film is characterized by two easily measured quantities, and a mirror reflectivity smaller than one is taken into account. The dependence of reflectivity, phase, and transmissivity on wavelength is studied. Expressions for the filter bandwidth and a lower limit of the bandwidth are obtained. Minimum losses depend primarily on the reflection coefficient of the mirror and not on the film properties. Two interesting configurations can be distinguished: one with high loss and small bandwidth (I) and one with low loss and large bandwidth (II). Measurements of bandwidth and minimum losses at 10 gm using Ge and ZnSe film substrates and gold and aluminum films show very good agreement with theory. Typical experimental results for configuration I yielded a 4.6% bandwidth (given as fraction of the free spectral range) and 2.9% additional reflection losses (caused by the insertion of the film). Smaller losses (≈0.5%) were obtained in configuration II in connection with broader bandwidths. Possible applications include low loss longitudinal mode suppression and rotational line selection in gas lasers.
A Retrospective Case Series Reporting the Outcomes of Avance Nerve Allografts in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries (2019)

Therapeutic, IV.
Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole inCandida albicans (2014)

Although biofilm formation was detected in all tested isolates, there were differences in the ability to form biofilms between isolates from different sources. In addition, there were differences in the MBIC against the two examined antifungals, amphotericin B and fluconazole.
Conflict-Driven Clause Learning SAT Solvers (2009)

One of the most important paradigm shifts in the use of SAT solvers for solving industrial problems has been the introduction of clause learning. Clause learning entails adding a new clause for each conflict during backtrack search. This new clause prevents the same conflict from occurring again during the search process. Moreover, sophisticated techniques such as the identification of unique implication points in a graph of implications, allow creating clauses that more precisely identify the assignments responsible for conflicts. Learned clauses often have a large number of literals. As a result, another paradigm shift has been the development of new data structures, namely lazy data structures, which are particularly effective at handling large clauses. These data structures are called lazy due to being in general unable to provide the actual status of a clause. Efficiency concerns and the use of lazy data structures motivated the introduction of dynamic heuristics that do not require knowing the precise status of clauses. This chapter describes the ingredients of conflict-driven clause learning SAT solvers, namely conflict analysis, lazy data structures, search restarts, conflict-driven heuristics and clause deletion strategies.
Synthesis of <i>ortho</i>-Acylbenzylboronates via Cross-Coupling Reaction of (Dialkoxyboryl)methylzinc Reagents with Haloarenes. A Stable <i>ortho</i>-Quinodimethane Precursor (1993)

Abstract The cross-coupling reaction of IZnCH2B(OCMe2) with iodoarenes in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2 produces the corresponding benzylic boronates in high yields. Among them, the benzylic boronates having an acyl group at the ortho position readily undergo the 1,5-rearrangement to the carbonyl oxygen producing the o-quinodimethane derivatives under thermal or photochemical conditions. The reaction provides benzo-fused cycloalkanes by trapping with dienophiles.
Birtamimab in patients with Mayo stage IV AL amyloidosis: Rationale for confirmatory affirm-AL phase 3 study. (2022)

TPS8076 Background: Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a progressive and typically fatal disorder caused by misfolded AL protein produced by plasma cells. Birtamimab is a monoclonal antibody designed to neutralize circulating soluble and deposited insoluble amyloid, thus promoting phagocytic clearance. In 2018, the phase 3 VITAL study in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients was terminated based on futility analysis of the primary endpoint (time to all-cause mortality [ACM] or time to cardiac hospitalization > 90 days after first study drug infusion); the final hazard ratio (HR) numerically favored birtamimab + standard of care (SOC) over placebo + SOC (0.835 [95% CI: 0.5799, 1.2011]; p = 0.330). Post-hoc analysis of ACM over 9 months revealed a substantial survival benefit (HR = 0.413 [95% CI: 0.191, 0.895]; p = 0.025) in patients at high risk for early death (Mayo Stage IV). Post-hoc analyses of secondary endpoints in this subgroup indicated meaningful improvements in health-related quality of life (assessed with 36-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2; SF-36v2) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance with birtamimab + SOC (p < 0.05) at 9 months. Methods: The phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled AFFIRM-AL study (NCT04973137) will enroll up to 150 Mayo Stage IV patients with newly diagnosed, untreated AL amyloidosis. Patients will be randomized (2:1) to 24 mg/kg intravenous birtamimab or placebo every 28 days. Both arms will receive concomitant chemotherapy with a first-line bortezomib-containing regimen, with or without daratumumab (D), at the discretion of the investigator. Patients will be stratified at randomization based on their 6MWT distance ( < 300 vs ≥300 meters) and initiation of D. The primary efficacy endpoint is time to ACM. Secondary endpoints are change from baseline to month 9 in the physical component summary of the SF-36v2 and 6MWT distance. This trial is powered at a significance level of 0.1 under a Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Given the > 50% relative risk reduction for ACM observed in the post-hoc analysis of VITAL for patients with Mayo Stage IV disease, the AFFIRM-AL study is designed to confirm this effect of birtamimab. Approximately 130 global sites are planned; site initiation and patient randomization are underway. Conclusion: Treatments that improve survival in AL amyloidosis are needed, particularly for patients with advanced cardiac involvement, as median overall survival for those with Mayo Stage IV disease is ̃6–9 months. The AFFIRM-AL study is designed to confirm the survival benefit observed in the VITAL study in patients with Mayo Stage IV AL amyloidosis. Clinical trial information: NCT04973137.
Social network analysis: a powerful strategy, also for the information sciences (2002)

Social network analysis (SNA) is not a formal theory in sociology but rather a strategy for investigating social structures. As it is an idea that can be applied in many fields, we study, in particular, its influence in the information sciences. Information scientists study publication, citation and co-citation networks, collaboration structures and other forms of social interaction networks. Moreover, the Internet represents a social network of an unprecedented scale. In all these studies social network analysis can successfully be applied. SNA is further related to recent theories concerning the free market economy, geography and transport networks. The growth of SNA is documented and a co-author network of SNA is drawn. Centrality measures of the SNA network are calculated.
INTERACTION OF LASER-INDUCED STRESS WAVES WITH METALS (1979)

An investigation of the effect of high intensity laser induced stress waves on the hardness and tensile strength of 2024 and 7075 aluminum and on the fatigue properties of 7075 aluminum were investigated. Laser shocking increases the hardness of the underaged 2024-T351 but has little or no effect on the peak aged 2024-T351 and 7075-T651 or the overaged 7075-T73. The fretting fatigue life of fastener joints of 7075-T6 was increased by orders of magnitude by laser shocking the region around the fastener hole; the fatigue crack propagation rates were decreased by laser shocking.
Distributed garbage collection for managed X10 (2012)

X10 is a programming language that incorporates distributed processing functions. The execution model of X10 is called "APGAS", where each object belongs to a specific place (an abstraction of a shared-memory computer), but can be remotely referenced from other places using a mechanism named GlobalRef. This means that a remotely-referenced object must not be collected as garbage even if there is no local reference to it.
Identification of collagen and laminin receptor integrins on murine T lymphocytes (1994)

In this study we investigated the receptors by which murine lymphocytes bind to collagen and laminin. To identify the collagen and laminin receptors, we generated three monoclonal antibodies, two of which (HM alpha 1 and HM alpha 2) could inhibit adhesion of activated T cells to collagen and laminin and one of which (HM alpha 6) could inhibit that to laminin. Biochemical studies showed that the antigens recognized by HM alpha 1, HM alpha 2, and HM alpha 6 are the mouse homologues of human VLA-1, VLA-2, and VLA-6, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that both VLA-1 and VLA-2 contribute to the functional interaction between collagen and activated T cells, since HM alpha 1 and HM alpha 2 specifically inhibited collagen-induced TNF secretion from activated T cells. These results indicate that VLA-1 and VLA-2 play an important role in regulating adhesion and cytokine production of activated T cells.
Mutations in <i>TAC1B</i> : a novel genetic determinant of clinical fluconazole resistance in <i>C. auris</i> (2020)

ABSTRACT Candida auris has emerged as a multidrug-resistant pathogen of great clinical concern. Approximately 90% of clinical C. auris isolates are resistant to fluconazole, the most commonly prescribed antifungal agent, yet it remains unknown what mechanisms underpin this fluconazole resistance. To identify novel mechanisms contributing to fluconazole resistance in C. auris , the fluconazole-susceptible C. auris clinical isolate AR0387 was passaged in media supplemented with fluconazole to generate derivative strains which had acquired increased fluconazole resistance in vitro . Comparative analysis of comprehensive sterol profiles, [ 3 H]-fluconazole uptake, sequencing of C. auris genes homologous to genes known to contribute to fluconazole resistance in other species of Candida , and the relative expression of C. auris ERG11, CDR1 , and MDR1 were performed. All fluconazole-evolved derivative strains were found to have acquired mutations in the zinc-cluster transcription factor-encoding gene, TAC1B , and a corresponding increase in CDR1 expression relative to the parental clinical isolate, AR0387. Mutations in TAC1B were also identified in a set of 304 globally distributed C. auris clinical isolates representing each of the four major clades. Introduction of the most common mutation found among fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of C. auris into the fluconazole-susceptible isolate AR0387, was confirmed to increase fluconazole resistance by 8-fold, and the correction of the same mutation in a fluconazole-resistant isolate, AR0390, decreased fluconazole MIC by 16-fold. Taken together, these data demonstrate that C. auris can rapidly acquire resistance to fluconazole in-vitro , and that mutations in TAC1B significantly contribute to clinical fluconazole resistance. IMPORTANCE Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen of global concern, known to be responsible for outbreaks on six continents and commonly resistant to antifungals. While the vast majority of clinical C. auris isolates are highly resistant to fluconazole, an essential part of the available antifungal arsenal, very little is known about the mechanisms contributing to resistance. In this work, we show that mutations in the transcription factor TAC1B significantly contribute to clinical fluconazole resistance. These studies demonstrate that mutations in TAC1B can arise rapidly in vitro upon exposure to fluconazole, and that a multitude of resistance-associated TAC1B mutations are present among the majority of fluconazole-resistant C. auris isolates from a global collection and appear specific to a subset of lineages or clades. Thus, identification of this novel genetic determinant of resistance significantly adds to the understanding of clinical antifungal resistance in C. auris .
A robust, highly stretchable supramolecular polymer conductive hydrogel with self-healability and thermo-processability (2017)

Dual amide hydrogen bond crosslinked and strengthened high strength supramolecular polymer conductive hydrogels were fabricated by simply in situ doping poly (N-acryloyl glycinamide-co-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic) (PNAGA-PAMPS) hydrogels with PEDOT/PSS. The nonswellable conductive hydrogels in PBS demonstrated high mechanical performances-0.22-0.58 MPa tensile strength, 1.02-7.62 MPa compressive strength, and 817-1709% breaking strain. The doping of PEDOT/PSS could significantly improve the specific conductivities of the hydrogels. Cyclic heating and cooling could lead to reversible sol-gel transition and self-healability due to the dynamic breakup and reconstruction of hydrogen bonds. The mending hydrogels recovered not only the mechanical properties, but also conductivities very well. These supramolecular conductive hydrogels could be designed into arbitrary shapes with 3D printing technique, and further, printable electrode can be obtained by blending activated charcoal powder with PNAGA-PAMPS/PEDOT/PSS hydrogel under melting state. The fabricated supercapacitor via the conducting hydrogel electrodes possessed high capacitive performances. These cytocompatible conductive hydrogels have a great potential to be used as electro-active and electrical biomaterials.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Reduces Dendritic Cell Function during Influenza Virus Infection (2010)

It has long been known that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by ligands such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suppresses T cell-dependent immune responses; however, the underlying cellular targets and mechanism remain unclear. We have previously shown that AhR activation by TCDD reduces the proliferation and differentiation of influenza virus-specific CD8(+) T cells through an indirect mechanism; suggesting that accessory cells are critical AhR targets during infection. Respiratory dendritic cells (DCs) capture antigen, migrate to lymph nodes, and play a key role in activating naive CD8(+) T cells during respiratory virus infection. Herein, we report an examination of how AhR activation alters DCs in the lung and affects their trafficking to and function in the mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) during infection with influenza virus. We show that AhR activation impairs lung DC migration and reduces the ability of DCs isolated from the MLN to activate naive CD8(+) T cells. Using novel AhR mutant mice, in which the AhR protein lacks its DNA-binding domain, we show that the suppressive effects of TCDD require that the activated AhR complex binds to DNA. These new findings suggest that AhR activation by chemicals from our environment impacts DC function to stimulate naive CD8(+) T cells and that immunoregulatory genes within DCs are critical targets of AhR. Moreover, our results reinforce the idea that environmental signals and AhR ligands may contribute to differential susceptibilities and responses to respiratory infection.
Comparison of Prognostic MicroRNA Biomarkers in Blood and Tissues for Gastric Cancer (2015)

Gastric cancer (GC) still keeps up high mortality worldwide with poor prognosis. Efficient and non-invasive prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs playing roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation, which contribute to various biological processes such as development, differentiation and carcinogenesis. MicroRNA expression profiles have been associated with the prognosis and outcome in GC. MicroRNA prognostic biomarkers have been identified from blood or tissues samples, but with different prognostic features. Understanding the various roles of microRNAs in different sample sources of GC will provide deep insights into GC progression. In this review, we highlight the distinct prognostic roles of microRNAs biomarkers in blood and tissue according to their relationships with prognostic parameters, survival rates and target pathways. This will be useful for non-invasive biomarker development and selection in prognosis of GC.
The Cousins of Stuxnet: Duqu, Flame, and Gauss (2012)

Stuxnet was the first targeted malware that received worldwide attention forcausing physical damage in an industrial infrastructure seemingly isolated from the onlineworld. Stuxnet was a powerful targeted cyber-attack, and soon other malware samples were discovered that belong to this family. In this paper, we will first present our analysis of Duqu, an information-collecting malware sharing striking similarities with Stuxnet. Wedescribe our contributions in the investigation ranging from the original detection of Duquvia finding the dropper file to the design of a Duqu detector toolkit. We then continue with the analysis of the Flame advanced information-gathering malware. Flame is unique in thesense that it used advanced cryptographic techniques to masquerade as a legitimate proxyfor the Windows Update service. We also present the newest member of the family, called Gauss, whose unique feature is that one of its modules is encrypted such that it can onlybe decrypted on its target system; hence, the research community has not yet been able to analyze this module. For this particular malware, we designed a Gauss detector serviceand we are currently collecting intelligence information to be able to break its very specialencryption mechanism. Besides explaining the operation of these pieces of malware, wealso examine if and how they could have been detected by vigilant system administrators manually or in a semi-automated manner using available tools. Finally, we discuss lessonsthat the community can learn from these incidents. We focus on technical issues, and avoidspeculations on the origin of these threats and other geopolitical questions.
A New Musculoskeletal Assessment in a Student Population (1986)

A common finding in repetition activities (typing, running, swimming . . .), are overuse syndromes arising from a mechanical imbalance affecting overstressed soft tissues and joints. A more subtle corollary, occasioned by a sedentary life-style, is an imbalance between postural and phasic muscle groups leading to joint dysfunction. Postural and phasic muscles as defined by V Janda (New Zealand Manip Ther Assoc Tech Newsletter 2: 1-3, 1977) interplay in complex patterns which determine strength and coordination for normal function. Joint pathology, and central or peripheral nervous system impairment, all lead to compensatory changes in the muscle function, namely the tendency for postural muscles to become tight and for phasic muscles to weaken. Faulty posture through muscle imbalance compromises joint mechanics predisposing to dysfunction. Appropriate management of musculoskeletal disorders should recognize the role of imbalance between postural and phasic muscles in both the etiology and sequelae of the disorder. A musculoskeletal examination of 35 students was undertaken to develop assessment skills, devise a recording form, and refine a test sequence to assist data collection. The principal finding of tightness in postural muscles is consistent with the theory that these muscles undergo adaptive shortening. This survey provided the opportunity to examine the incidence of muscle imbalance in a young adult population and to prepare guidelines for future study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1986;8(1):34-41.