gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-step preparation and image-based counting of minute volumes of human blood (2014)

Current flow-based blood counting devices require significant medical infrastructure and are not appropriate for field use. In this article we report on the development of a sample preparation, measurement, and analysis method that permits automated and accurate counting of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets, as well as allowing a 3-part differential of the WBCs to be performed on extremely small volumes of whole blood. This method is compatible with portable instrumentation that can be deployed in the field. The method consists of serially diluting blood samples first with sodium dodecyl sulfate dissolved in phosphate buffered saline, then in acridine orange dissolved in phosphate buffered saline, followed by fluorescence and dark field imaging with low magnification objectives. Image analysis is performed to extract cell counts and differentials. We performed a paired analysis of 20 volunteers with complete blood count values both within and beyond the normal reference range using a commercial automated hematology analyzer and the image-based method, with the new method achieving accuracies comparable to that of the commercial system. Because the sample preparation and imaging are simple and inexpensive to implement, this method has applications for pediatrics, clinician offices, and global health in regions that do not have access to central hematology laboratories.
Solution-Based Particle Formation of Pharmaceutical Powders by Supercritical or Compressed Fluid Co<sub>2</sub>and Cryogenic Spray-Freezing Technologies (2001)

Micronization is an important procedure used in the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the particle size of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The spray-drying and milling techniques presently used to micronize drug substances cannot be used to process thermolabile or physically unstable drug substances. Therefore, new micronization techniques, including particle precipitation with supercritical or compressed fluid CO2 and spray-freezing of drug solutions and suspensions into cryogenic gas to produce solid frozen microparticles, are currently being perfected for future use in the pharmaceutical industry. This review highlights the compressed gas and cryogenic liquid technologies being developed as potential solution-based particle formation technologies for drugs that cannot be processed by conventional micronization techniques.
Interior SPECT—exact and stable ROI reconstruction from uniformly attenuated local projections (2009)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important biomedical imaging modality. However, since gamma cameras are expensive and bulky, truncated projection data are either preferred or unavoidable. Inspired by the recent results on interior tomography in the x-ray CT field, here we present the interior SPECT approach for exact and stable reconstruction of a region of interest (ROI) from uniformly attenuated local projection data, aided by prior knowledge of a sub-region in the ROI. First, by analytic continuation we prove that interior SPECT is both exact and stable, and by singular value decomposition (SVD) we establish the stability of interior SPECT. Then, given the constant attenuation coefficient and object boundary, our interior SPECT reconstruction is achieved by inverting a generalized truncated Hilbert transform using the SVD technique. Preliminary numerical simulation data demonstrate that our work has practical utilities. The theoretical generalization of our work to the variable attenuation case is underway, and the same numerical approach can be applied.
Laser-induced-fluorescence detection of gums in jet fuels. Final report, Jul 90-May 92 (1992)

The current method (ASTM D381) of determining the concentration of gums in jet fuels is a lengthy procedure requiring a large sample size. Because gum formation is believed to be an important step in the formation of deposits in fuel systems used in jet aircraft, a non-intrusive method of performing spatially resolved measurements of gum concentration in high temperature flow systems is a desired research tool. The present study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to monitor gum concentration in jet fuel. The study revealed several effects, such as aging and the interference of other fluoroshores with gum fluorescence, which require further investigation before LIF is to be considered a quantitative technique for measuring gums in jet fuels. However, this study showed that the formation of gums in jet fuels is detectable by LIF. The results show that gum formation in some fuels correlates strongly with LIF while for other fuels the results are ambiguous.
Development of vision-aided navigation for a wearable outdoor augmented reality system (2014)

This paper describes the development of vision-aided navigation (i.e., pose estimation) for a wearable augmented reality system operating in natural outdoor environments. This system combines a novel pose estimation capability, a helmet-mounted see-through display, and a wearable processing unit to accurately overlay geo-registered graphics on the user's view of reality. Accurate pose estimation is achieved through integration of inertial, magnetic, GPS, terrain elevation data, and computervision inputs. Specifically, a helmet-mounted forward-looking camera and custom computer vision algorithms are used to provide measurements of absolute orientation (i.e., orientation of the helmet with respect to the Earth). These orientation measurements, which leverage mountainous terrain horizon geometry and/or known landmarks, enable the system to achieve significant improvements in accuracy compared to GPS/INS solutions of similar size, weight, and power, and to operate robustly in the presence of magnetic disturbances. Recent field testing activities, across a variety of environments where these vision-based signals of opportunity are available, indicate that high accuracy (less than 10 mrad) in graphics geo-registration can be achieved. This paper presents the pose estimation process, the methods behind the generation of vision-based measurements, and representative experimental results.
Nanoscale 2CL-20·HMX high explosive cocrystal synthesized by bead milling (2015)

Nanoscale cocrystal of CL-20 and HMX with a rounded morphology was prepared by bead milling an aqueous suspension of the coformers.
A novel process for methanol synthesis. Progress report, September 1, 1992--November 30, 1992 (1993)

A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol (MeOH) in the liquid phase by a novel process. In previous reports, we provided evidence for a two step reaction in series, the carbonylation reaction mainly takng place close and the hydrogenolysis reaction taking place on the surface of the copper chromate. The interaction between the two catalyst enhances the rate of MeOH formation. In the last quarter, we showed that under present operating conditions, the methyl formate (MeOH) concentration is not in equilibrium and hence both the carboxylation and the hydrogenolysis reactions influence the rate of MEOH formation. The activities of other alkali and alkaline earth compounds as catalysts, the effect of water and the controlling reaction in the concurrent synthesis is described in this report.
The MEMS Loop Heat Pipe Based on Coherent Porous Silicon — The Modified System Test Structure (2004)

The previous papers presented at STAIF 2002 and STAIF 2003 discussed the design, fabrication and characterization of the evaporator section and the initial test cell of a planar MEMS loop heat pipe based upon coherent porous silicon or “CPS” technology. The potentially revolutionary advantage of CPS technology is that it is planar and allows for pores or capillaries of absolutely uniform diameter. Coherent porous silicon can be mass‐produced by various MEMS fabrication techniques. The preliminary experiments made with the original test structure exhibited the desired temperature and pressure differences, but these differences were extremely small and oscillatory. This paper describes modifications made to the initial test cell design, which were intended to improve its evacuated, closed loop performance. Included among these changes were the redesign of the compensation chamber and condenser, an increase in the porosity of the coherent porous silicon wick, the fabrication of silicon top “hot” plates with an increased depth of the vapor reservoir and the integration of metal resistive heater elements onto the backside of the top plates to simulate the input heat. Some changes were made in the test sequence to produce more discernable differences in temperatures and pressures. The most recent results of the tests made with the modified system will be presented.
Male-sterility induction in transgenic tobacco plants with an unedited atp9 mitochondrial gene from wheat. (1993)

Cytoplasmic male sterility in plants is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We have proposed that a nuclear-encoded chimeric peptide formed by mitochondrial sequences when imported into the mitochondria may impair organelle function and induce male sterility in plants. A model developed to test this hypothesis is reported here. Assuming that the editing process in higher plant mitochondria reflects a requirement for producing active proteins, we have used edited and unedited coding sequences of wheat ATP synthase subunit 9 (atp9) fused to the coding sequence of a yeast coxIV transit peptide. Transgenic plants containing unedited atp9 exhibited either fertile, semifertile, or male-sterile phenotypes; controls containing edited atp9 or only the selectable marker gave fertile plants. Pollen fertility ranged from 31% to 75% in fertile plants, 10% to 20% in semifertile plants, and < 2% in male-sterile plants. Genetic and molecular data showed that the chimeric plasmid containing the transgene is inherited as a Mendelian trait. The transgenic protein is imported into the mitochondria. The production and frequency of semifertile or male-sterile transgenic plants conform to the proposed hypothesis.
Identification of Quinolinones as Antivirals against Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (2021)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a reemerging alphavirus that can cause encephalitis resulting in severe human morbidity and mortality. Using a high-throughput cell-based screen, we identified a quinolinone compound that protected against VEEV-induced cytopathic effects. Analysis of viral replication in cells identified several quinolinone compounds with potent inhibitory activity against vaccine and virulent strains of VEEV. These quinolinones also displayed inhibitory activity against additional alphaviruses, such as Mayaro virus and Ross River virus, although the potency was greatly reduced. Time-of-addition studies indicated that these compounds inhibit the early-to-mid stage of viral replication. Deep sequencing and reverse genetics studies identified two unique resistance mutations in the nsP2 gene (Y102S/C; stalk domain) that conferred VEEV resistance on this chemical series. Moreover, introduction of a K102Y mutation into the nsP2 gene enhanced the sensitivity of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) to this chemical series. Computational modeling of CHIKV and VEEV nsP2 identified a highly probable docking alignment for the quinolinone compounds that require a tyrosine residue at position 102 within the helicase stalk domain. These studies identified a class of compounds with antiviral activity against VEEV and other alphaviruses and provide further evidence that therapeutics targeting nsP2 may be useful against alphavirus infection.
Strain relaxation and threading dislocation density in helium-implanted and annealed Si1−xGex/Si(100) heterostructures (2004)

Strain relaxation and threading dislocation densities in Si1−xGex (0.15&lt;x&lt;0.30) produced by He implantation and annealing have been investigated using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The degree of strain relaxation is very sensitive to the SiGe layer thickness; only small differences in strain relaxation are obtained when the helium dose and energy are varied over a relatively wide range. In contrast, the threading dislocation density is strongly influenced by the implantation dose and depth. A composite parameter, the He dose in the SiGe layer (He(SiGe)), calculated from He profiles simulated using the program Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM2000), correlates well with the threading dislocation density. We have found that to achieve a low threading dislocation density, &lt;5×107 cm−2, He(SiGe) must be less than 1×1015 cm−2.
Common <i>Kibra</i> Alleles Are Associated with Human Memory Performance (2006)

Human memory is a polygenic trait. We performed a genome-wide screen to identify memory-related gene variants. A genomic locus encoding the brain protein KIBRA was significantly associated with memory performance in three independent, cognitively normal cohorts from Switzerland and the United States. Gene expression studies showed that KIBRA was expressed in memory-related brain structures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging detected KIBRA allele-dependent differences in hippocampal activations during memory retrieval. Evidence from these experiments suggests a role for KIBRA in human memory.
Detection of Brain Tumor Cells in the Peripheral Blood by a Telomerase Promoter-Based Assay (2014)

Blood tests to detect circulating tumor cells (CTC) offer great potential to monitor disease status, gauge prognosis, and guide treatment decisions for patients with cancer. For patients with brain tumors, such as aggressive glioblastoma multiforme, CTC assays are needed that do not rely on expression of cancer cell surface biomarkers like epithelial cell adhesion molecules that brain tumors tend to lack. Here, we describe a strategy to detect CTC based on telomerase activity, which is elevated in nearly all tumor cells but not normal cells. This strategy uses an adenoviral detection system that is shown to successfully detect CTC in patients with brain tumors. Clinical data suggest that this assay might assist interpretation of treatment response in patients receiving radiotherapy, for example, to differentiate pseudoprogression from true tumor progression. These results support further development of this assay as a generalized method to detect CTC in patients with cancer.
GSOLT: the calibration procedure for all multi-port vector network analyzers (2003)

The general method of 1- to n-port network analyzer calibration is described using the classical SOLT model which includes all linear errors of the network analyzer test-sets. This developed GSOLT-procedure works with vector network analyzers with n+1 measurement channels to measure n-port devices with high accuracy. The presented error correction algorithm of the GSOLT-procedure is outstanding regarding the simplicity and numerical robustness. The algorithm allows an easy programming for the correction of measurements of any device independent of the number of ports (1 to n). Experimental results attest to the very good precision of GSOLT error corrected measurements.
Development of Innovative 2D and 3D Fabric-forming Processes for Manufacturing Reinforcements for Composite Materials (2014)

Innovative 2D and 3D fabric-forming methods have been developed in the last 20 years to practically overcome the inherent technical and economic limitations of traditional textile processes that are employed for manufacturing reinforcements, or pre-forms, for composites application. These developments include Tape-Weaving, Oblique Fabric-forming Technique, 3D-Weaving and Uniaxial Noobing. The working principles of these processes and the correspondingly producible 2D and 3D fabric architectures are fundamentally different from the existing ones. They open up new academic and industrial opportunities. This Paper presents these specifically developed processes and their products.
3D PREFUL: Novel high resolution dynamic lung ventilation imaging in patients with asthma, cystic fibrosis and COPD and healthy volunteers (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Quantification of regional lung ventilation has emerged as important tool for early detection and monitoring of lung disease. Recently, 2D phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL)-MRI has shown improved lung ventilation after treatment in COPD. Further developments of 3D PREFUL regarding spatial resolution and full lung coverage might help to increase sensitivity for defect detection. <b>Objectives:</b> The objective of this study was to investigate whether improved spatial resolution of 3D PREFUL shows higher sensitivity on ventilation defect detection. <b>Methods:</b> Regional lung ventilation dynamics of 8 patients (5 asthma, 2 CF, 1 COPD) and 8 healthy subjects was measured using 3D PREFUL-MRI. The spatial resolution of 3D PREFUL (4 x 4 x 4 mm) was decreased to match spatial resolution of 2D PREFUL (4 x 4 x 15 mm), abbreviated as 3D PREFUL<sub>low</sub>. Regional ventilation (RV) was calculated. Also flow-volume loops (FVL) were calculated and rated by a cross-correlation (CC) using a healthy reference FVL. Ventilation defect percentage (VDP) maps were computed. <b>Results:</b> High Dice coefficient (>0.82) was obtained for VDP<sub>CC</sub> and VDP<sub>RV</sub> between 2D and 3D PREFUL<sub>low</sub>. Significantly higher VDP<sub>CC</sub> (+37%) and VDP<sub>RV</sub> (+16%) were shown with high resolution 3D PREFUL in comparison to 3D PREFUL<sub>low</sub> (p<0.0084). Conversely, CC metric was significantly decreased for 3D PREFUL (p=0.0067) and RV significantly increased for 3D PREFUL (p<0.0000). <b>Conclusion:</b> 3D PREFUL dynamic ventilation imaging with high spatial resolution has improved sensitivity to detect regions of hypoventilation and may be beneficial for early detection and improved monitoring of patients with lung disease.
Recognition of synthetic glycopeptides by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies and their unmutated ancestors (2013)

Current HIV-1 vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) are not induced by current vaccines, but are found in plasma in ∼20% of HIV-1-infected individuals after several years of infection. One strategy for induction of unfavored antibody responses is to produce homogeneous immunogens that selectively express BnAb epitopes but minimally express dominant strain-specific epitopes. Here we report that synthetic, homogeneously glycosylated peptides that bind avidly to variable loop 1/2 (V1V2) BnAbs PG9 and CH01 bind minimally to strain-specific neutralizing V2 antibodies that are targeted to the same envelope polypeptide site. Both oligomannose derivatization and conformational stabilization by disulfide-linked dimer formation of synthetic V1V2 peptides were required for strong binding of V1V2 BnAbs. An HIV-1 vaccine should target BnAb unmutated common ancestor (UCA) B-cell receptors of naïve B cells, but to date no HIV-1 envelope constructs have been found that bind to the UCA of V1V2 BnAb PG9. We demonstrate herein that V1V2 glycopeptide dimers bearing Man5GlcNAc2 glycan units bind with apparent nanomolar affinities to UCAs of V1V2 BnAbs PG9 and CH01 and with micromolar affinity to the UCA of a V2 strain-specific antibody. The higher-affinity binding of these V1V2 glycopeptides to BnAbs and their UCAs renders these glycopeptide constructs particularly attractive immunogens for targeting subdominant HIV-1 envelope V1V2-neutralizing antibody-producing B cells.
Bitterness Reduction of Citrus Fruits by<i>β</i>-Cyclodextrin (1981)

Journal Article Bitterness Reduction of Citrus Fruits by β-Cyclodextrin Get access Akira Konno, Akira Konno Food Research Laboratories, Food Products Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masaru Miyawaki, Masaru Miyawaki Food Research Laboratories, Food Products Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masaru Misaki, Masaru Misaki Food Research Laboratories, Food Products Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Katsuharu Yasumatsu Katsuharu Yasumatsu Food Research Laboratories, Food Products Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 45, Issue 10, 1 October 1981, Pages 2341–2342, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1981.10864882 Published: 01 October 1981 Article history Received: 01 October 1980 Published: 01 October 1981
DeepMetaHandles: Learning Deformation Meta-Handles of 3D Meshes with Biharmonic Coordinates (2021)

We propose DeepMetaHandles, a 3D conditional generative model based on mesh deformation. Given a collection of 3D meshes of a category and their deformation handles (control points), our method learns a set of meta-handles for each shape, which are represented as combinations of the given handles. The disentangled meta-handles factorize all the plausible deformations of the shape, while each of them corresponds to an intuitive deformation. A new deformation can then be generated by sampling the coefficients of the meta-handles in a specific range. We employ biharmonic coordinates as the deformation function, which can smoothly propagate the control points' translations to the entire mesh. To avoid learning zero deformation as meta-handles, we incorporate a target-fitting module which deforms the input mesh to match a random target. To enhance deformations' plausibility, we employ a soft-rasterizer-based discriminator that projects the meshes to a 2D space. Our experiments demonstrate the superiority of the generated deformations as well as the interpretability and consistency of the learned meta-handles.
Development of a Tetracycline-Inducible Gene Expression System for the Study of Helicobacter pylori Pathogenesis (2013)

Deletion mutants and animal models have been instrumental in the study of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. Conditional mutants, however, would enable the study of the temporal gene requirement during H. pylori colonization and chronic infection. To achieve this goal, we adapted the Escherichia coli Tn10-derived tetracycline-inducible expression system for use in H. pylori. The ureA promoter was modified by inserting one or two tet operators to generate tetracycline-responsive promoters, named uPtetO, and these promoters were then fused to the reporter gfpmut2 and inserted into different loci. The expression of the tetracycline repressor (tetR) was placed under the control of one of three promoters and inserted into the chromosome. Conditional expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in strains harboring tetR and uPtetO-GFP was characterized by measuring GFP activity and by immunoblotting. The two tet-responsive uPtetO promoters differ in strength, and induction of these promoters was inducer concentration and time dependent, with maximum expression achieved after induction for 8 to 16 h. Furthermore, the chromosomal location of the uPtetO-GFP construct and the nature of the promoter driving expression of tetR influenced the strength of the uPtetO promoters upon induction. Integration of uPtetO-GFP and tetR constructs at different genomic loci was stable in vivo and did not affect colonization. Finally, we demonstrate tetracycline-dependent induction of GFP expression in vivo during chronic infection. These results open new experimental avenues for dissecting H. pylori pathogenesis using animal models and for testing the roles of specific genes in colonization of, adaptation to, and persistence in the host.