gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Query-sets (2008)

In this paper we present a new document representation based on implicit user feedback obtained from search engine queries. The main objective of this is to achieve better results in non-supervised tasks, such as clustering and labeling, through the incorporation of usage data obtained from search engine queries. This type of allows us to discover the motivations of users when visiting a certain document. The terms used in queries can provide a better choice of features, from the user's point of view, for summarizing the Web pages that were clicked from these queries. In this work we extend and formalize as model an existing but not very well known idea of view for document representation. Furthermore, we create a novel based on frequent query patterns called the model. Our evaluation shows that both query-based models outperform the vector-space when used for clustering and labeling documents in a website. In our experiments, the query-set reduces by more than 90% the number of features needed to represent a set of documents and improves by over 90% the quality of the results. We believe that this can be explained because our chooses better features and provides more accurate labels according to the user's expectations.
Correction of Hypocitraturia and Prevention of Stone Formation by Combined Thiazide and Potassium Citrate Therapy in Thiazide-Unresponsive Hypercalciuric Nephrolithiasis (1986)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCalculus1 Feb 1986Correction of Hypocitraturia and Prevention of Stone Formation by Combined Thiazide and Potassium Citrate Therapy in Thiazide-Unresponsive Hypercalciuric Nephrolithiasis C.Y.C. Pak, R. Peterson, K. Sakhaee, C. Fuller, G. Preminger, and J. Reisch C.Y.C. PakC.Y.C. Pak More articles by this author , R. PetersonR. Peterson More articles by this author , K. SakhaeeK. Sakhaee More articles by this author , C. FullerC. Fuller More articles by this author , G. PremingerG. Preminger More articles by this author , and J. ReischJ. Reisch More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)45667-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Correction of Hypocitraturia and Prevention of Stone Formation by Combined Thiazide and Potassium Citrate Therapy in Thiazide-Unresponsive Hypercalciuric Nephrolithiasis." The Journal of Urology, 135(2), p. 442 © 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 135Issue 2February 1986Page: 442 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information C.Y.C. Pak More articles by this author R. Peterson More articles by this author K. Sakhaee More articles by this author C. Fuller More articles by this author G. Preminger More articles by this author J. Reisch More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Single-end polarization mode dispersion measurement using backreflected spectra through a linear polarizer (1999)

Routine characterization of polarization mode dispersion of single-mode fibers in installed cables requires simple and fast techniques. All standardized techniques use both fiber ends, one connected to the optical source and the other one for signal detection. Clearly, this causes several drawbacks in field tests because the two fiber ends are usually far from each other. Among standardized techniques, the fixed-polarizer method (also called wavelength scanning method) is one of the simplest to implement. In this work we present a new single-end measurement scheme based on the fixed polarizer method applied to the signal backreflected by the fiber far-end. We report analytical equations and numerical solutions that permit to calculate the mean value of the differential group delay measuring the crossings and/or extreme densities of the spectrum transmitted through a linear polarizer. We also show that the mean value of the differential group delay can be calculated using the Fourier transform of the detected signal. Finally, experimental results on cascades of single-mode step-index fibers confirm the robustness and easiness of our proposal for polarization mode dispersion measurements.
Kernel Sparse Models for Automated Tumor Segmentation (2014)

In this paper, we propose sparse coding-based approaches for segmentation of tumor regions from magnetic resonance (MR) images. Sparse coding with data-adapted dictionaries has been successfully employed in several image recovery and vision problems. The proposed approaches obtain sparse codes for each pixel in brain MR images considering their intensity values and location information. Since it is trivial to obtain pixel-wise sparse codes, and combining multiple features in the sparse coding setup is not straight-forward, we propose to perform sparse coding in a high-dimensional feature space where non-linear similarities can be effectively modeled. We use the training data from expert-segmented images to obtain kernel dictionaries with the kernel K-lines clustering procedure. For a test image, sparse codes are computed with these kernel dictionaries, and they are used to identify the tumor regions. This approach is completely automated, and does not require user intervention to initialize the tumor regions in a test image. Furthermore, a low complexity segmentation approach based on kernel sparse codes, which allows the user to initialize the tumor region, is also presented. Results obtained with both the proposed approaches are validated against manual segmentation by an expert radiologist, and it is shown that proposed methods lead to accurate tumor identification.
Distributed Vector Architecture: Fine Grain Parallelism with Efficient Communication (1997)

Abstract—As processing power continues to increase while memory access latency and bandwidth become serious bottlenecks, processors and DRAM memory will be packaged increasingly tighter together, possibly on a single chip. This integration would introduce orders of magnitude superior bandwidth/latency to local memory than to remote memory. In this situation, an on-chip vector unit is advantageous since it can make efficient use of such high internal bandwidth. However, real-life vector applications, which have enormous memory requirements, would not fit in the non-expandable memory of a single integrated device and their performance would be primarily determined by the amount of remote traffic they require. We propose a solution for running large vector applications on multiple, vector-capable, tightly integrated processor-memory nodes. Vector processors of individual nodes cooperate together to work as a single larger vector processor, while the vector application occupies the memory of all nodes. The physical vector registers of the nodes combine together to form larger architectural registers. Vector operations on the architectural registers are distributed among the nodes, each of which operates on its assigned elements. One of the novel contributions of our work is a variable, program defined, mapping of elements of the architectural vector registers to elements of the physical vector registers. This capability considerably reduces remote traffic for loading and storing physical vector registers to and from the distributed memory of the system. We introduce the notion of mapping vectors to specify this variable mapping. We present heuristics for selecting traffic efficient mapping vectors and selecting appropriate memory interleavings. Simulation results show that the DIstributed 1 UW CS TR-1339 Feb. 1997 Vector Architecture (DIVA) we propose has the potential to result in lower remote traffic than other approaches.
Introduction of a stabilizing 10 residue β-hairpin in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> neutral protease (1992)

A 10 residue beta-hairpin, which is characteristic of thermostable Bacillus neutral proteases, was engineered into the thermolabile neutral protease of Bacillus subtilis. The recipient enzyme remained fully active after introduction of the loop. However, the mutant protein exhibited autocatalytic nicking and a 0.4 degree C decrease in thermostability. Two additional point mutations designed to improve the interactions between the enzyme surface and the introduced beta-hairpin resulted in reduced nicking and increased thermostability. After the introduction of both additional mutations in the loop-containing mutant, nicking was largely prevented and an increase in thermostability of 1.1 degrees C was achieved.
Conserved and Variant Epitopes of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein as Targets of Inhibitory Monoclonal Antibodies (2012)

The Duffy binding protein (DBP) is a vital ligand for Plasmodium vivax blood-stage merozoite invasion, making the molecule an attractive vaccine candidate against vivax malaria. Similar to other blood-stage vaccine candidates, DBP allelic variation eliciting a strain-specific immunity may be a major challenge for development of a broadly effective vaccine against vivax malaria. To understand whether conserved epitopes can be the target of neutralizing anti-DBP inhibition, we generated a set of monoclonal antibodies to DBP and functionally analyzed their reactivity to a panel of allelic variants. Quantitative analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) determined that some monoclonal antibodies reacted strongly with epitopes conserved on all DBP variants tested, while reactivity of others was allele specific. Qualitative analysis characterized by anti-DBP functional inhibition using an in vitro erythrocyte binding inhibition assay indicated that there was no consistent correlation between the endpoint titers and functional inhibition. Some monoclonal antibodies were broadly inhibitory while inhibition of others varied significantly by target allele. These data demonstrate a potential for vaccine-elicited immunization to target conserved epitopes but optimization of DBP epitope target specificity and immunogenicity may be necessary for protection against diverse P. vivax strains.
Luminescence in crosslinked polyethylene at elevated temperatures (1993)

Electrical treeing is often responsible for the breakdown of insulating materials used in power apparatus such as high-voltage transformers, cables, and capacitors. Insulation, such as crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), used in underground high-voltage cables usually operates at temperatures above ambient. This paper describes the characteristics of luminescence, emitted prior to electrical tree inception, at a crosslinked polyethylene-semiconducting material (XLPE-semicon) interface held above room temperature. Use of a sensitive light detection system showed that XLPE subjected to elevated temperatures emits luminescence even without voltage application. This light was attributed to thermoluminescence which decreased with the decrease in the concentration of the crosslinking by-products present in the polymer. The spectra of thermoluminescence were only in the visible range. On the other hand, electroluminescence occurred when the XLPE-semicon interface was held above room temperature and subjected to high electric stress. This light did not depend on the concentration of the crosslinking by-products and the spectra of electroluminescence were in the visible and the ultraviolet ranges. It is proposed that XLPE-semicon interface held at elevated temperature and subjected to long-term voltage application initially emits both thermoluminescence and electroluminescence. As the crosslinking by-products exude out of the polymer, thermoluminescence decreases with time and ultimately ceases, but electroluminescence occurs as long as the voltage is applied to the polymer. Although the intensity of electroluminescence emitted at high temperature was lower than that emitted at ambient, sufficient ultraviolet radiation was emitted. The ultraviolet radiation could photodegrade the polymer and lead to electrical tree inception.
Comprehensive Coagulation Profiling at the Point-of-Care Using a Novel Laser-Based Approach (2019)

Delays in identifying internal bleeding are life-threatening, thus underscoring the need for rapid and comprehensive coagulation profiling at the bedside. The authors review a novel optical coagulation profiler that measures several coagulation metrics including prothrombin time, activated clotting time, clot polymerization rate (α-angle), clot stiffness (maximum amplitude), fibrinolysis (LY), and platelet function, using a single multifunctional instrument. The optical profiler is based on the principles of Laser Speckle Rheology that quantifies tissue viscoelasticity from light scattering patterns called laser speckle. To operate the optical profiler, whole blood (40 μL) is loaded into a disposable cartridge, laser speckle patterns are recorded via a camera, and the viscoelasticity of clotting blood is estimated from speckle intensity fluctuations. By monitoring alterations in viscoelastic moduli over time during clot initiation, thrombin generation, fibrin crosslinking, clot stabilization, and LY, global coagulation parameters are obtained within 10 minutes using a drop of whole blood. Clinical testing in over 500 patients to date has confirmed the accuracy of the optical profiler for comprehensively assessing coagulation status against conventional coagulation tests and thromboelastography. Recent studies have further demonstrated the capability to quantify platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate in a drop of platelet-rich-plasma in the absence of applied shear stress. Together, these studies demonstrate that global coagulation profiling in addition to platelet function may be accomplished using a single multifunctional device. Thus, by enabling rapid and comprehensive coagulation and platelet function profiling at the bedside, the optical profiler will likely advance the capability to identify and manage patients with an elevated risk for hemorrhage.
A Total Internal Reflection Photoconductive Switch (2019)

We demonstrate a novel illumination technique for extrinsic photoconductive switches based on the creation of a total internal reflection trap to increase the optical path length. The optimal geometry is a square substrate illuminated from one of the corners along the diagonal, ensuring that the total internal reflection condition is maintained after any reflection off the device lateral sides. The optical absorption uniformity throughout the device bulk was improved by designing the entry window to have a cylindrical shape and by using a square core optical fiber as an illumination source. The concept is experimentally validated on a vanadium-doped silicon carbide device that shows approximately four-fold improvement in responsivity compared to normal illumination.
Silicon-on-insulator dynamic threshold ESD networks and active clamp circuitry (2002)

Active clamp circuits are key to minimize electrical overshoot and undershoot and minimize reflected signals and achieve performance objectives and reliability requirements in high performance CMOS circuits. This paper discusses for the first time the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) active clamp networks, dynamic threshold MOSFET SOI ESD techniques and the synthesis of DTMOS concepts, ESD protection networks, and active clamp circuitry for high-pin-count high-performance semiconductor chips.
CSI Reference Signal Designs for Enabling Closed-Loop MIMO Feedback (2010)

Obtaining reliable channel state information (CSI) in future wireless standards is critical for the operation of downlink closed-loop techniques such as SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO, and coordinated multipoint (CoMP). However, this CSI is difficult to obtain especially when considering the potentially strong interference from neighboring sectors/base stations on the downlink reference symbols (RSs, aka pilot symbols) used to obtain the CSI. This paper describes three possible CSI RS designs for enabling such closed- loop feedback in light of the strong interference environment and discusses some tradeoffs between the designs. First, two code-division multiplexing (CDM) designs are proposed where one has nine orthogonal sequences and the other has three orthogonal sequences. Next a new CSI-RS design is described which uses mutually unbiased bases (MUB) to provide a 6 dB quasi-orthogonal gain over neighboring cells. The MUB design is shown in system-level simulation to have performance close to a design with 9 orthogonal sequences while providing a finer frequency-domain sampling than the 9-orthogonal approach.
Mid-infrared Cr^2+:ZnSe random powder lasers (2008)

We report simple methods of laser active Cr2+:ZnSe powder fabrication with average grain sizes of either approximately 10 or approximately 1 microm without crystal growth stage. Pure, uniformly mixed ZnSe and CrSe powders annealed at 1000 masculineC for 3 days in a sealed evacuated (approximately 10(-4) Torr) quartz ampoule exhibited middle-infrared laser action at room temperature under 1.56 microm excitation of D(2) Raman shifted radiation of Nd:YAG laser. The output-input characteristic clearly demonstrated the threshold-like behavior of the output signal with the threshold energy level of 0.5 and 3 mJ in 2.9 mm spot for 10 and 1 microm grain sizes, respectively.
Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers for Property Enhancement of Optically Transparent Composites:  Dependence on Acetyl-Group DS (2007)

Bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers were acetylated to enhance the properties of optically transparent composites of acrylic resin reinforced with the nanofibers. A series of BC nanofibers acetylated from degree-of-substitution (DS) 0 to 1.76 were obtained. X-ray diffraction profiles indicated that acetylation proceeded from the surface to the core of BC nanofibers, and scanning electron microscopy images showed that the volume of nanofibers increases by the bulky acetyl group. Since acetylation decreased the refractive index of cellulose, regular transmittance of composites comprised of 63% BC nanofiber was improved, and deterioration at 580 nm because of fiber reinforcement was suppressed to only 3.4%. Acetylation of nanofibers changed their surface properties and reduced the moisture content of the composite to about one-third that of untreated composite, although excessive acetylation increased hygroscopicity. Furthermore, acetylation was found to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of a BC sheet from 3 × 10-6 to below 1 × 10-6 1/K.
Perpetual harvesting device electronics (2011)

As harvesting energy methods have been developed for perpetual powering of electronics, power management, storage control and regulation electronics need to match the voltage and current characteristics of the different harvested energy levels. Besides being able to harvest relatively small and large amounts of energy efficiently, the harvesting electronics must also consume very low power. The harvesting electronics storage and output must also match the power output demand. In our work to harvest solar and thermal energy, we have evaluated what electronics would be necessary to efficiently harvest, store and regulate these diverse energy sources. Expected energy levels from thermal harvest and from solar harvest will be discussed in relation to the harvesting electronics. Electronics to efficiently harvest thermal and solar energy at low and high energy levels will be discussed. During our development of thermal and solar energy harvesting, a demonstration vehicle was developed to further understand the needs of harvesting. We will detail the energy harvest demonstration vehicle learning and the details of the final integrated harvesting-storage-regulator structure with electronics.
Identification of Immunodominant Epitopes on the Membrane Protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus (2005)

Similar to other coronaviruses, the membrane (M) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a major transmembrane glycoprotein with multiple biological functions. To date, limited information is available about its antigenic properties. In this study, we identified two major immunodominant epitopes on the M protein located in the extreme N-terminal region (residues 1 to 31) and the interior C-terminal region (residues 132 to 161), respectively, by Pepscan analyses against convalescent-phase sera from SARS patients and antisera from virus-immunized mice and rabbits. Synthetic peptides M1-31 derived from the N-terminal epitope and M132-161 derived from the C-terminal epitope were highly reactive with all of the convalescent-phase sera from 40 SARS patients but not with 30 control serum samples from healthy blood donors, suggesting their potential application for serologic diagnosis of SARS. We showed that both peptides (M1-31 and M132-161) were able to induce high titers of antibody responses in the immunized rabbits, highlighting their antigenicity and immunogenicity. These findings provide important information for developing SARS diagnostics and vaccines.
Infographic. Does the Spraino low-friction shoe patch prevent lateral ankle sprain injury in indoor sports? A 510-participant pilot RCT (2020)

Lateral ankle sprains are common in indoor sports, and most of these injuries occur via a ‘non-contact’ injury mechanism in which the only contact is between the shoe and the floor.1 2 Shoe–surface friction is generally high in indoor sports, and this attribute is considered a risk factor for non-contact lower extremity injuries.3 

Spraino is a novel low-friction patch that is attached to the outside of sports shoes, specifically designed to prevent ‘friction-related’ ankle sprains in indoor sports by minimising friction at the lateral edge of the shoe sole. The minimised friction causes a reorientation of the ground reaction force vector, bringing it closer towards the joint centre, resulting in a lower joint torque, which could mitigate the risk and severity of lateral ankle sprains.4 

In our recent pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), published in British Journal of Sports Medicine …
Suppression of 19S proteasome subunits marks emergence of an altered cell state in diverse cancers (2016)

The use of proteasome inhibitors to target cancer's dependence on altered protein homeostasis has been greatly limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Analyzing data from thousands of cancer lines and tumors, we find that those with suppressed expression of one or more 19S proteasome subunits show intrinsic proteasome inhibitor resistance. Moreover, such proteasome subunit suppression is associated with poor outcome in myeloma patients, where proteasome inhibitors are a mainstay of treatment. Beyond conferring resistance to proteasome inhibitors, proteasome subunit suppression also serves as a sentinel of a more global remodeling of the transcriptome. This remodeling produces a distinct gene signature and new vulnerabilities to the proapoptotic drug, ABT-263. This frequent, naturally arising imbalance in 19S regulatory complex composition is achieved through a variety of mechanisms, including DNA methylation, and marks the emergence of a heritably altered and therapeutically relevant state in diverse cancers.