gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Five-year follow-up of a prospective randomized trial of hepatitis B recombinant DNA yeast vaccine vs. plasma-derived vaccine in children: Immunogenicity and anamnestic responses (1993)

In a prospective randomized trial, 318 children aged between 3 mo and 11 yr who were negative for all hepatitis B markers were randomized to receive two 5-micrograms doses of hepatitis B recombinant DNA yeast vaccine at 0 and 1 mo (group 1), three 5-micrograms doses of hepatitis B recombinant DNA yeast vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 mo (group 2) or three 10-micrograms doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (group 3). The HBs antibody response rate at 8 mo was between 93% and 99%; it was still 75% to 87% at 5 yr in all three groups. Geometric mean titers at 1 yr were 83, 1,085 and 858 mIU/ml in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. These values had decreased after 5 yr to 47, 131 and 250 mIU/ml. Subjects in group 1 showed a significantly less proportional drop in geometric mean titer at the fifth year than did subjects in group 2 (p = 0.05) or group 3 (p = 0.015). None of the children developed HBc antibody, even after 5 yr of follow-up. We noted 42 episodes of significantly increased HBs antibody titers, probably due to anamnestic response, even when the titers had dropped to low levels. The mean age at which anamnestic response occurred was 8.7 yr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Location, ligancy and reducibility of metal ions in zeolite cages: Co and Pd in NaY (1990)

UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) have been used to study ion migration and reducibility in Co/NaY and (Co + Pd)/NaY, after ion exchange of Co(NH3)3+6 and Pd(NH3)2+4. It has been found that the behaviour of the Co(NH3)3+6 ion under calcination conditions differs markedly from that of the Co(H2O)2+6 ion, studied previously. While the latter ion loses all ligands rapidly and migrates swiftly into sodalite cages and hexagonal prisms, the Co(NH3)3+6 ion loses five of its six ammine ligands easily while being reduced, even in flowing O2, to Co(NH3)2+. A stable tetrahedral configuration is attained with three cage-wall oxygens and one strongly bonded ammine group, detectable by strong absorption bands at 16.6, 17.3 and 18.5 kK. Probing with ethylenediamine shows that this complex, most remarkably, is still located in the supercages. At 500°C, the last ammine ligand can be oxidized. Its oxidation is, however, promoted in the bimetal (Pd + Co)/NaY system by the simultaneous oxidation of the ammine ligands of Pd at 300°C. While Pd ions migrate into sodalite cages at calcination temperature Tc 300°C, the monoamminecobalt(II) ions remain in supercages. The migration of Co ions to hexagonal prisms and sodalite cages is, however, observed at higher temperature. The reducibility of Co is markedly enhanced by the presence of Pd, but the locus of the enhanced reduction depends on the history of the sample.
Gene expression profiling in peripheral blood cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in response to anti-TNF-α treatments (2011)

The efficacy of anti-TNF-α therapies highlights the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism of action of these agents is poorly understood at the molecular level. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of anti-TNF-α treatment on the global gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of responder RA patients. Changes in gene expression were determined using oligonucleotide microarrays (25,341 genes) in PBMCs obtained before and after 12 wk of treatment with either etanercept or adalimumab from responder RA patients. Two hundred fifty-one genes displayed significant changes (false discovery rate < 0.1%) in expression level (178 upregulations with mean fold change = 1.5 and 73 downregulations with mean fold change = -1.50) after 12 wk of treatment. Importantly, the expression of several genes, including those coding for the calcium binding proteins S100A12 and A8, CD14 antigen, Selectin P, or ribosomal protein L39, reported to be upregulated in RA patients, were found to be decreased after anti-TNF-α treatment. Globally, inflammation, immune response, apoptosis, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial oxido-reduction were the most affected pathways in response to anti-TNF-α treatment. The obtained gene expression signature in PBMCs provides new information to better understand the mechanisms of action of anti-TNF-α treatment in RA patients.
Tool Temperature and Process Modeling of Friction Stir Welding (2018)

Friction stir welding (FSW) has many advantages rather than fusion welding, but details of internal phenomena during its processes have not yet been clarified. In this study, a thermo-mechanically coupled process model was developed to investigate FSW phenomena inside a tool and workpiece. As a workpiece, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy was employed. The system of FSW process model includes several thermal boundaries. Among heat flows through these boundaries, heat transfers into the exterior of the system become more sensitive to tool and workpiece temperatures than heat transfers within the system. This paper especially focused on a heat transfer coefficient at a workpiece bottom, and optimized it through experiments and finite element method (FEM) analyses. The tool temperatures during FSW were measured with a special tooling system with imbedded thermocouples within a tool. As a result, an analysis model that is able to investigate details at a wide range of traverse speeds was developed for practical high speed welding. Then, the accuracy of developed FEM model was validated with them. Finally, the temperatures and stress distribution around workpiece/tool interfaces were investigated with the developed model.
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin‐D3 modulates JAK–STAT pathway in IL‐12/IFNγ axis leading to Th1 response in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (2006)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D deficiency is commonly observed in MS patients and vitamin D supplements reduce the clinical symptoms of EAE and MS. Earlier studies have shown that in vivo treatment with vitamin D analogs ameliorates EAE in association with the inhibition of IL-12 production and Th1 differentiation. The mechanisms in the regulation of Th1 response by vitamin D in EAE/MS are, however, not known. We show that in vivo treatment of C57BL/6 and SJL/J mice (i.p.) with 100 ng of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, on every other day from Day 0-30, ameliorates EAE in association with the inhibition of IL-12 production and neural antigen-specific Th1 response. In vitro treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited IFNgamma-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, without affecting JAK2, in EOC-20 microglial cells. Treatment of activated T cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 also inhibited the IL-12-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2, TYK2, STAT3, and STAT4 in association with a decrease in T cell proliferation in vitro. These findings highlight the fact that vitamin D modulates JAK-STAT signaling pathway in IL-12/IFNgamma axis leading to Th1 differentiation and further suggest its use in the treatment of MS and other Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Respiratory resistance measured by an airflow perturbation device (1999)

The airflow perturbation device (APD) is an instrument for the measurement of respiratory resistance. The APD is small, lightweight, fast and requires no special breathing manoeuvres. Airflow perturbation determines resistance by superimposing a periodic signal onto spontaneous breathing with a variable resistance device. Respiratory impedance is the ratio of magnitude of pressure perturbation to magnitude of flow perturbation, and respiratory resistance is the in-phase portion of respiratory impedance. The APD was tested to determine its responses to repeated resistance measurements and to changes in resistance. A mechanical model test showed that the APD could detect increased resistance levels, but overestimated resistance when resistance increased with flow. Tests with human subjects showed that the APD gave results consistent from day to day, was able to detect added resistances, and gave resistance values correlated with airway resistance values obtained by body plethysmography. Accelerometers placed on the chests of the subjects showed that perturbations extend to the chest surface. Thus, the APD must measure total respiratory resistance.
Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming (2011)

The distributions of many terrestrial organisms are currently shifting in latitude or elevation in response to changing climate. Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of species have recently shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 meters per decade, and to higher latitudes at a median rate of 16.9 kilometers per decade. These rates are approximately two and three times faster than previously reported. The distances moved by species are greatest in studies showing the highest levels of warming, with average latitudinal shifts being generally sufficient to track temperature changes. However, individual species vary greatly in their rates of change, suggesting that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change. Rapid average shifts derive from a wide diversity of responses by individual species.
Expression of p67 (Munc-18), Gdk5, P-NFH and Syntaxin during Development of the Rat Cerebellum (1997)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), which regulate the cell division cycle, have also been found in postmitotic neurons. Cdk5, isolated from neural tissue, has been shown to phosphorylate neurofilaments (NFs). Instead of cyclins, however, other neuron-specific activators of cdk5 have been identified including a 67-kD protein (p67) which is identical to a syntaxin-binding protein (n-sec-1, Munc 18) that is thought to play a role in synaptic vesicle trafficking and transmitter release. These functions for p67 are not mutually exclusive since regulation of edk5 phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins may modulate axonal dynamics during growth, synaptogenesis and vesicle transport. To gain further insight into the role of p67 in neural tissue, we carried out a Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis of the developing rat cerebellum using antibodies to cdk5, p67, syntaxin and phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilaments. We assumed that spatiotemporal colocalizations of antigens might correlate with proposed functions for p67. The immunoblots showed that all antigens were developmentally regulated, and increased in expression from PN2 to the adult, with p67 and cdk5 showing a close temporal correlation. Immunohistochemically, p67 colocalized with cdk5 and P-NFH in selected fiber tracts, particularly those in the deep cerebellum. For the most part, p67 also showed strong colocalization patterns with syntaxin in regions of synaptogenesis throughout development such as the molecular layer and glomeruli of the inner nuclear layer. Finally, certain fiber tracts, the afferent fibers, climbing and mossy fibers and particularly the basket cell fibers that envelop and innervate Purkinje cell somata and dendrites, displayed colocalization of cdk5 and P-NFH without expressing any p67. Given the limitations of colocalization data in defining functional relationships, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that p67 is a multifunctional protein, its activity during cerebellum development dependent upon the neuronal phenotype, its location and its state of developmental maturation.
Alkaline and acid transients in cerebellar microenvironment (1983)

1. Extracellular pH (pHo) was measured in the cerebellar cortex of the rat using a recently developed liquid membrane ion-selective micropipette (ISM). pHo was determined during stimulus-evoked neuronal activity, elevated extracellular potassium concentration, [K+]o, spreading depression (SD), and complete ischemia. In many experiments [K+]o was simultaneously determined. 2. A train of local surface stimuli (LOC) produced an initial alkaline shift in pHo from a base line of 7.20-7.30 to 7.25-7.35. This was followed by a long-lasting acid phase that reached a plateau of 7.05-7.15 after 64 s of stimulation. pHo decrease was related to stimulus frequency, intensity, and duration. 3. Superfusion with Ringer solution containing manganese ions rapidly abolished parallel fiber-induced Purkinje cell synaptic depolarization together with the alkaline shifts while enhancing the acid shifts. 4. Superfusion of the cerebellar cortex with Ringer solution containing increasingly elevated [K+] progressively lowered pHo to a plateau of 6.95-7.05. The acidification occurred in the presence of ouabain but was reversed on return to the normal [K+]o or with the addition of the glycolytic blocker, fluoride. Stimulus-evoked alkaline shifts were enhanced by K+-Ringer superfusion. These experiments suggested that the acid shift was due to the metabolic production of an anion, possibly lactate. 5. Elevation of [K+]o above 8-12 mM often produced oscillation in pHo and [K+]o with a period of about 40 s. Sometimes these oscillations ended in a spontaneous SD or SD could be evoked by stimulation. Under these conditions of raised [K+]o, the SD consisted of a very pronounced alkaline transient followed by a small, long-lasting acid shift. When SD was induced by conditioning the cerebellum with proprionate or lowered NaCl, the alkaline phase was reduced and the acid enhanced. 6. Complete ischemia began with a progressive decrease of pHo and rise in [K+]o. When [K+]o reached 12 mM, a second more rapid rise in [K+]o to 40 mM or more occurred. This was correlated with 0.1-0.2 pHo transient increase similar to that seen during SD. pHo eventually reached a plateau of 6.60-6.80, close to neutrality. 7. Superfusion with Ringer solution containing acetazolamide immediately altered pHo homeostasis by increasing base-line pHo by about 0.10 and enhanced the induced pHo changes. These results suggest that carbonic anhydrase (CA) is important for acute buffering of the brain extracellular microenvironment. 8. The above results were interpreted in terms of changes in extracellular strong ion concentration differences ( [SID]o), extracellular concentration of total weak acid ( [Atot]o) and partial pressure of CO2 (Pco2) in the brain microenvironment. The results indicate that neuronal activity produces changes in many of the constituents of the microenvironment.
Directional, passive liquid transport: the Texas horned lizard as a model for a biomimetic ‘liquid diode’ (2015)

Moisture-harvesting lizards such as the Texas horned lizard (Iguanidae: Phrynosoma cornutum) live in arid regions. Special skin adaptations enable them to access water sources such as moist sand and dew: their skin is capable of collecting and transporting water directionally by means of a capillary system between the scales. This fluid transport is passive, i.e. requires no external energy, and directs water preferentially towards the lizard's snout. We show that this phenomenon is based on geometric principles, namely on a periodic pattern of interconnected half-open capillary channels that narrow and widen. Following a biomimetic approach, we used these principles to develop a technical prototype design. Building upon the Young-Laplace equation, we derived a theoretical model for the local behaviour of the liquid in such capillaries. We present a global model for the penetration velocity validated by experimental data. Artificial surfaces designed in accordance with this model prevent liquid flow in one direction while sustaining it in the other. Such passive directional liquid transport could lead to process improvements and reduction of resources in many technical applications.
Face recognition by feature orientation and feature geometry matching (1996)

In this face recognition research, the eyebrows, eyes, nostrils, lips, and face contour are extracted separately. The shape, size, object-to-object distances, centroid, and orientation are found for each object. The techniques to solve the object shifting and rotating problems are investigated. Image subtraction is used to examine the geometric differences of the two different faces. The obtained classifying data in this research can accurately classify different people's faces.
Data for the publication "Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer" (2019)

This dataset encompasses all data needed to reproduce the analyses presented in Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer You can also check the GitHub repository
Partial purification and characterization of phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (1982)

We have previously described a phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase in membrane vesicles from human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells which is inhibited by micromolar concentration of Zn2+ and is insensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and NaF [Brautigan, D. L., Bornstein, P., & Gallis, B. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 6519-6522]. Here we present the identification and partial purification of a similar enzyme from lysates of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. the enzyme was purified by using diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex, Zn2+ affinity, and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. During purification, the phosphatase was separated into at least three fractions, all of which exhibited very similar properties and an apparent molecular weight of 40 000 upon gel filtration. The enzyme dephosphorylated phosphotyrosine (P-Tyr)-containing carboxymethylated and succinylated (CM-SC) phosphorylase with an apparent Km of 0.8 microM, as well as P-Tyr containing casein and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase, but did not dephosphorylate P-Ser-phosphorylase. The phosphatase was inhibited by Zn2+ at micromolar concentrations (K0.5 with EGF receptor kinase = 5 X 10(-6) M; with CM-SC phosphorylase = 3.3 X 10(-5) M) but not by millimolar concentrations of EDTA and NaF. No inhibition was seen with 1 mM tetramisole, a specific inhibitor of alkaline phosphatases. P-Tyr inhibited the enzyme by 50% at 0.4 X 10(-3) M, while Tyr, Pi, PPi, and p-nitrophenyl phosphate, an excellent substrate for alkaline phosphatases and structurally very similar to P-Tyr, exerted partial inhibition at concentrations above 10(-3) M. The pH optimum was found to be 6.5-7, depending on the substrate used. Very little activity was seen below pH 5 and above pH 8.5. These properties clearly distinguish this enzyme from alkaline phosphatases, as well as the neutral and acidic protein phosphatases so far described, and therefore define it as a new enzyme of the phosphatase family--a phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase.
Partial Slip Contact Analysis on Three-Dimensional Elastic Layered Half Space (2010)

Abstract An elastic contact model for three-dimensional layered or coated materials under coupled normal and tangential loads, with consideration of partial slip effects, has been developed in this paper. The response functions for calculating the displacements and stresses were determined in the frequency domain by using the Papkovich–Neuber potentials. The partial slip contact problem was solved by a numerical procedure based on the conjugate Gradient method and fast Fourier transform technique. The contact pressure, surface shear tractions, stick ratios, rigid body displacements, and subsurface stresses are analyzed under different conditions with variations in the material properties and coating thickness. Results show that stiffer coatings tend to decrease the stick ratios and the rigid ball tangential displacements in comparison to those with compliant coatings under the same contact conditions. For stiffer coatings, the values of the von Mises stress and compressive surface stress increase and the positions of maximum von Mises stress move up to the surface; meanwhile, the distributions of the compressive stress become asymmetric due to the action of the tangential load.
Decolorization of methyl orange in wastewater with in situ electrogenerated oh free radicals (1997)

The decolorization of wastewater using in situ electrogenerated OH free radicals was examined and methyl orange (MO) was selected as the model compound. The decolorization of MO was found to be a chemical reaction of MO with active hydroxyl (OH) free radical producing from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide which was formed from the cathodic reduction of oxygen. The results indicate that the current density in the range from ‐0.125 to ‐0.375 mA cm−2 or potential at about ‐90.00 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) would be the optimal choice. Agitation rate, concentrations of ferrous ion and MO are the major factors affecting the decolorization of MO. The oxygen partial pressure and higher temperatures do not influence the decolorization of MO significantly.
On Understanding of Transient Interdomain Routing Failures (2006)

The convergence time of the interdomain routing protocol, BGP, can last as long as 30 minutes. Yet, routing behavior during BGP route convergence is poorly understood. BGP can experience transient loss of reachability during route convergence. We refer to this transient loss of reachability during route convergence as transient routing failure. Transient routing failures can lead to end-to-end forwarding failures. Furthermore, the prolonged routing failures can make deploying applications such as voice-over-IP and interactive games infeasible. In this paper, we study the extent to which transient interdomain routing failures occur in the Internet and the duration that these failures can last through both analysis and measurement. We first present a formal model that captures the transient behavior of the interdomain routing protocol. We derive sufficient conditions for and an upper bound for the duration of transient routing failures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the occurrence and duration of transient routing failures in the Internet through measurement. We find that majority of transient failures occur under the commonly applied routing policy setting, and popular and unpopular prefixes can experience transient failures.
Design of a Wideband High-Voltage High-Efficiency BiCMOS Envelope Amplifier for Micro-Base-Station RF Power Amplifiers (2012)

A high-performance bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) monolithic envelope amplifier for micro-base-station power amplifiers (PAs) is presented. Measurement of the BCD high-voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> = 15 V) envelope amplifier shows an efficiency of 72% using 7.7-dB peak-to-average ratio WCDMA input signals at an average envelope amplifier output power above 3 W. A WCDMA envelope-tracking RF PA at 2.14 GHz, including a GaN field-effect transistor RF stage, has an overall drain efficiency above 51%, with a normalized power root-mean-square error below 1.2% and an adjacent channel leakage ratio of -49 dBc at 5-MHz offset using memory-effect mitigation digital pre-distortion, at an average output power above 2 W and a gain of 10 dB.