gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-place 3D sketching for authoring and augmenting mechanical systems (2009)

We present a framework for authoring three-dimensional virtual scenes for Augmented Reality (AR) which is based on hand sketching. Sketches consisting of multiple components are used to construct a 3D virtual scene augmented on top of the real drawing. Model structure and properties can be modified by editing the sketch itself and printed content can be combined with hand sketches to form a single scene. Authoring by sketching opens up new forms of interaction that have not been previously explored in Augmented Reality. To demonstrate the technology, we implemented an application that constructs 3D AR scenes of mechanical systems from freehand sketches, and animates the scenes using a physics engine. We provide examples of scenes composed from trihedral solid models, forces, and springs. Finally, we describe how sketch interaction can be used to author complicated physics experiments in a natural way.
Smart Grid — The New and Improved Power Grid: A Survey (2011)

The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, we survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid. We explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also propose possible future directions in each system. colorred{Specifically, for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem.} For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid.
Effects of Feeding Complexed Zinc, Manganese, Copper, and Cobalt to Late Gestation and Lactating Dairy Cows on Claw Integrity, Reproduction, and Lactation Performance (2002)

Three hundred multiparous Holstein cows (150 cows per treatment) were blocked according to calving date and randomly assigned to a study to determine the effect of trace mineral source on incidence and severity of claw lesions, reproduction, and lactation performance of dairy cattle. Treatments were 1) all trace minerals supplied by sulfates(ITM)or 2) 360 mg Zn from Zn amino acid complex, 200 mg Mn from Mn amino acid complex, 125 mg Cu from Cu amino acid complex, and 12 mg Co from Co glucoheptonate per day(CTM;Availa®; Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) replacing an equivalent amount of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co from sulfates. Cows received assigned treatments from 21 d prior to calving through 250 d of lactation. Cows fed CTM produced 1.2 kg more (P < 0.05) milk, energy-corrected milk, and 3.5% fat-corrected milk than cows supplemented with ITM. The CTM treatment reduced (P < 0.05) days open by 22 d and tended to increase (P < 0.15) percentage of cows pregnant by 150 d in milk (54.8% vs 42.7%) and first service conception rate (27.4% vs 18.4%). Cows fed CTM tended to have a lesser incidence (P < 0.15) of claw disorders than cows fed inorganic trace minerals at 75 d postpartum (23.6% vs 34.1%) and numerically lower incidence at 250 d postpartum (10.0% vs 17.7%). The CTM treatment increased yield of milk, decreased days open, and tended to increase first service conception rates, increase percentage of cows pregnant at 150 d in milk, and decrease claw disorders at 75 d postpartum.
PPARγ ligands inhibit primary tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting angiogenesis (2002)

Several drugs approved for a variety of indications have been shown to exhibit antiangiogenic effects.Our study focuses on the PPAR ligand rosiglitazone, a compound widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that PPAR is highly expressed in tumor endothelium and is activated by rosiglitazone in cultured endothelial cells.Furthermore, we show that rosiglitazone suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis by both direct and indirect antiangiogenic effects.Rosiglitazone inhibits bovine capillary endothelial cell but not tumor cell proliferation at low doses in vitro and decreases VEGF production by tumor cells.In our in vivo studies, rosiglitazone suppresses angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane, in the avascular cornea, and in a variety of primary tumors.These results suggest that PPAR ligands may be useful in treating angiogenic diseases such as cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis.
Prevalence of abnormal electrocardiograms in a large, unselected population undergoing pre-participation cardiovascular screening (2007)

In a large, unselected population of young athletes undergoing pre-participation screening, the prevalence of markedly abnormal ECG patterns, suggestive for structural cardiac disease, is low (<5% of the overall population) and should not represent obstacle for implementation of 12-lead ECG in the pre-participation screening program.
The DEVS environment for high-performance modeling and simulation (1997)

DEVS-C++, a high-performance environment for modeling large-scale systems at high resolution, uses the DEVS (Discrete-EVent system Specification) formalism to represent both continuous and discrete processes. A prototype suggests that the DEVS formalism can be combined with genetic algorithms running in parallel to serve as the basis of a very general, very fast class of simulation environments.
Fluorescently labeled chimeric anti‐CEA antibody improves detection and resection of human colon cancer in a patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model (2013)

Improved conjugating efficiency and labeling with chimeric fluorophore-conjugated antibody resulted in better detection and resection of human colon cancer in an orthotopic mouse model.
A Novel Methylenation Method of aldehydes Mediated by Dibutyl Telluride (1990)

Abstract In the presence of dibutyl telluride, (iodomethyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide ( 1 ) reacted with aldehydes 2 in THF at 80°C yielding he methylenation products 3 under neutral conditions in good yields.
Bi-Directional Reflectivity of Surfaces with Anisotropic Roughness on the Wafer Backside (2007)

Light scattering from rough surfaces is an area of research that has received a great deal of interest from several engineering disciplines. Analytical models for reflectivity have been useful in the study of medical imaging, atomic physics, remote sensing and rapid thermal processing (RTP) of silicon semiconductor wafers. This paper presents a new variation of the surface generation method (SGM) approach to geometric optics (GO) modeling of reflectivity. The presented approach employs a triangular facet (TF) surface treatment instead of the conventional rectangular facets. This new method is used to calculate bidirectional reflectivity distribution function (BRDF) results for one-dimensional and two-dimensional surfaces with varying microscale roughness characteristics. The results agree well with published analytical and experimental findings, indicating that the TF method is a reliable means of estimating surface reflectivity when the geometric optics regime is valid. At large angles of incidence and the BRDF results exhibit an interesting off-specular reflectivity peak that appears to correspond well with existing experimental findings. This behavior is caused by the effects of Fresnel reflectivity at large incident light angles and the geometrical relationship between the incident beam and the number of facets covered by the beam width. A comparison with the rigorous finite-difference time-domain solution of the light scattering from the one-dimensional random roughness surfaces allows the validity regime map of the GO to be drawn. The map will facilitate the use of the GO solution that is computationally efficient than many other methods.
UV-B Irradiation Induces Differential Leaf Damage, Ultrastructural Changes and Accumulation of Specific Phenolic Compounds in Rice Cultivars (1997)

Enhanced UV-B exposure of rice, Oryza sativa L., induced ultrastructural changes and visible symptoms including the formation of necrotic spots, accumulation of dark pigments, and finally desiccation of damaged leaves. Thirty-four genetically diverse cultivars were classified as either tolerant, intermediate or susceptible to UV-B irradiation on the basis of the observed damage symptoms. The development of visible symptoms was significantly reduced and delayed in highly tolerant cultivars. Highly susceptible cultivars were severely damaged by UV-B irradiation in a shorter period of time. Light and electron microscopy of these cultivars revealed intracellular and cell wall disruption in UV-B treated leaves. However, the level of disruption was significantly less in tolerant cultivars. There were significant differences in the relative levels of phenolic compounds produced in extracts of rice after UV-B exposure of the plants. Tolerant cultivars accumulated relatively higher levels of phenolics. Two prominent HPLC peaks (peak I and peak II) accumulated in response to an applied UV-B stress. There was a significant relationship between the UV-B tolerance category and the relative mean level of phenolics, and the mean area of HPLC peaks I and II.
Direct Sequencing of Inserts Cloned into Lambda Vectors (2003)

Bacteriophage lambda is widely used as a vector for both genomic and cDNA cloning. However, although lambda is highly efficient for cloning, its use for direct sequencing is limited because of a lack of reliable sequencing methods. Although various methods for sequencing directly in lambda have been described (,), most researchers experience difficulties when sequencing in lambda, obtaining variable results and blank or extremely faint autoradiograms yielding unreliable sequences.
Towards traceability of model-based testing artifacts (2007)

Practitioners regard software testing as the central means for ensuring that a system behaves as expected. Due to the recent widespread adoption of model-driven development (MDD), code is no longer the single source for selecting test cases. Testing against original expectations can be done with model-based testing that adopts high-level models as the basis for test generation. In addition to test generation, challenges to model-based testing include creation and maintenance of traceability information among test-related artifacts. Traceability is required to support activities such as result evaluation, regression testing and coverage analysis. MDD and model transformation solutions address the traceability problem by creating relationships among transformed artifacts throughout the transformation process. This paper proposes an approach that leverages model transformation traceability techniques to create fine-grained relationships among model-based testing artifacts. Relationships are created during the test generation process. Their fine granularity enables the support for result evaluation, coverage analysis and regression testing.
A Constant Force Generation Mechanism (1985)

A mechanism is described that generates a constant, unidirectional force at any given point on a hinged lever, for all positions of the lever within a full rotation. It is shown how one of several selected geometric parameters of the mechanism may be preadjusted automatically to equilibrate the system, using force feedback from the output load. The constant force generator is introduced into a parallelogram four-bar mechanism, and it is shown that this system may replace links of a kinematic chain to achieve static balancing of the chain plus any additional masses or vertical forces.
Micromachined membrane filters for microwave and millimeter-wave applications (invited article) (1997)

Recent developments in micromachining techniques at the University of Michigan have resulted in novel high-performance low-loss filters for microwave and millimeter-wave applications. The idea is based on suspending the filters on thin dielectric membranes to eliminate dielectric loss and dispersion problems, resulting in a pure TEM mode of propagation and conductor-loss-limited performance. The dielectric membrane and the surrounding cavities are built using chemical etching in Silicon and GaAs wafers. The filters are therefore compatible with low-cost IC fabrication techniques and can be combined with planar diodes and transistors to result in active filter networks. Several state-of-the-art filters have been realized including 15-GHz and 20-GHz bandpass interdigital suspended stripline filters, lowpass and bandpass microshield filters at 30 GHz and 90 GHz, microstrip 94-GHz bandpass filters, and a 250-GHz bandpass filter with 1.0–1.5-dB insertion loss. This article reviews the associated fabrication techniques, the different types of transmission lines achieved using this technology, and the measured performance from 15 to 350 GHz. The study concludes with a detailed description of the future work in this area. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Microwave Millimeter-Wave CAE 7: 149–166, 1997.
Laser Doppler Velocimetry: Experimental Study (1974)

An experimental study on the general characteristics of the three different optical arrangements, namely, local-oscillator heterodyne, differential heterodyne, and symmetric heterodyne, is given. Both rotating Mylar disk and steady-state rotating flow are used to generate a uniform particle velocity or flow velocity. The power spectrum of the photoelectric current is obtained both in real time by a spectrum analyzer and numerically by a digital computer. An fm-demodulator is also used to obtain the instantaneous velocity. The S/N, stability, optimum particle concentration, and optimum receiving optics of these three optical arrangements are obtained. Their relative merit and their comparisons with theoretical results are also discussed.
Loss in PKC Epsilon Causes Downregulation of MnSOD and BDNF Expression in Neurons of Alzheimer’s Disease Hippocampus1 (2018)

Oxidative stress and amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The growth and maintenance of neuronal networks are influenced by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, which is promoted by protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ). We investigated the reciprocal interaction among oxidative stress, Aβ, and PKCɛ levels and subsequent PKCɛ-dependent MnSOD and BDNF expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Reduced levels of PKCɛ, MnSOD, and BDNF and an increased level of Aβ were also found in hippocampal neurons from autopsy-confirmed AD patients. In cultured human primary hippocampal neurons, spherical aggregation of Aβ (amylospheroids) decreased PKCɛ and MnSOD. Treatment with t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) increased superoxide, the oxidative DNA/RNA damage marker, 8-OHG, and Aβ levels, but reduced PKCɛ, MnSOD, BDNF, and cultured neuron density. These changes were reversed with the PKCɛ activators, bryostatin and DCPLA-ME. PKCɛ knockdown suppressed PKCɛ, MnSOD, and BDNF but increased Aβ. In cultured neurons, the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with reduced PKCɛ during neurodegeneration was inhibited by the SOD mimetic MnTMPyP and the ROS scavenger NAc, indicating that strong oxidative stress suppresses PKCɛ level. Reduction of PKCɛ and MnSOD was prevented with the PKCɛ activator bryostatin in 5-6-month-old Tg2576 AD transgenic mice. In conclusion, oxidative stress and Aβ decrease PKCɛ expression. Reciprocally, a depression of PKCɛ reduces BDNF and MnSOD, resulting in oxidative stress. These changes can be prevented with the PKCɛ-specific activators.
Ion beam assisted growth of fluorite type oxide template films for biaxially textured HTSC coated conductors (2001)

Biaxially aligned growth was studied by a dual-ion-beam sputtering method for fluorite type (Zr/sub 0.85/Y/sub 0.15/O/sub 1.93/ (YSZ), Hf/sub 0.74/Yb/sub 0.26/O/sub 1.87/, CeO/sub 2/), pyrochlore type (Zr/sub 2/Sm/sub 2/O/sub 7/), and rare earth C type (Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Sm/sub 2/O/sub 3/) oxide films on polycrystalline Ni-based alloy substrates. Cube-textured (all axes aligned with a <100> axis substrate normal) films were obtained by low energy (<300 eV) ion bombardment at low temperatures (<300/spl deg/C). The assisting ion energy dependence of crystalline alignment was discussed in connection with lattice energies for these oxide crystals. Furthermore, a fluorite-like type oxide (Zr-X-O) was found to have a shorter time constant of texture evolution than YSZ. I/sub c/=98A (J/sub c/=0.65 MA/cm/sup 2/) was obtained for a 1.5 /spl mu/m thick Y-123 film on Zr-X-O.
Image zooming via surface fitting based on edge constraint (2013)

In this paper we present a new image zooming algorithm based on surface fitting with edge constraint.In surface fitting,we consider not only the relationship of corresponding pixels between the original image and the enlarged image,but also the neighbor pixels in the enlarged image according to the local structure of original image.Furthermore,during surface fitting,more interpolation constraints are used in the new algorithm for improving the precision of the super sampling pixels.The experimental results show that the new method outperforms the previous methods which based on surface fitting.
Novel synthesis of Mn<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O nanoplate as a precursor to fabricate high performance LiMnPO<sub>4</sub>/C composite for lithium-ion batteries (2015)

Mn<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O precursor was synthesized by a novel precipitation process using ethanol as initiator, and was lithiated to LiMnPO<sub>4</sub>/C composite <italic>via</italic> a combination of wet ball-milling and heat treatment.
Synchronisation of bistatic radar systems (2004)

Bistatic radar is gaining more and more interest over the last years. It offers more freedom to deploy the transmitter and the receiver, e.g. in a way to enhance the signature of stealthy targets. Furthermore, the bi- or multistatic system can be realized without using expensive transmit/receive-modules. An additional feature of bistatic radar is that continuous wave signals can be used. A crucial problem associated with bi- and multistatic systems is the synchronisation of time and frequency at the transmitters and receivers for coherent signal processing and range measurement. Modern communications satellites and world wide accessible GPS signals allow to synchronise the time easily over a long period with a time difference of less than 1 ns. The required frequency stability depends on the baseline and may vary with application. Image generation with bistatic SAR systems requires a frequency coherence for at least the coherent integration time. For interferometric SAR systems this coherence has to be expanded over the whole processing time. The paper concentrates on the problem of time and frequency synchronisation between a bistatic transmitter and receiver pair. Possible solutions for attaining the requirements of bistatic radar systems are discussed.
One kilohertz cryogenic disk laser with high average power (2011)

Laser properties of Yb:YAG crystal are investigated at 80-300K temperature range. On cooling we obtained amplification cross-section increase (5 times), maximum amplification cross-section wavelength shift (from 1030.1 nm to 1029.3 nm) and amplification cross-section bandwidth narrowing (from ~ 10 nm to 1.3 nm). Thermooptical constants P and Q and a parameter of photoelastic anisotropy, that determine thermal distortions in the active element are measured. Significant influence of the ASE on the storied energy in disk active elements is shown. It is necessary to use Yb:YAG/YAG "sandwich" active element geometry to reduce ASE. The current status of the laser system development with 0.5 J output energy at 1 kHz repetition rate is presented. 0.1 J in 50 ns pulse at 200 Hz repetition rate are achieved at the output of the laser system. Projected results will be achieved by changing disk active elements to Yb:YAG/YAG "sandwiches".
The effect of ammonia on the <i>O</i>‐linked glycosylation of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor produced by chinese hamster ovary cells (1995)

Ammonium ion concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 mM are shown to significantly reduce the sialylation of granuiocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) produced by recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells. Specifically, the degree of completion of the final reaction in the O-linked glycosylation pathway, the addition of sialic acid in an alpha(2,6) linkage to N-acetylgalactosamine, is reduced by NH(4) (+) concentrations of as low as 2 mM. The effect of ammonia on sialylation is rapid, sustained, and does not affect the secretion rate of G-CSF. Additionally, the effect can be mimicked using the weak base chloroquine, suggesting that the effect is related to the weak base characteristics of ammonia. In support of this hypothesis, experiments using brefeldin A suggest that the addition of sialic acid in an alpha(2,6) linkage to N-acetylgalactosamine occurs in the trans-Golgi compartment prior to the trans-Golgi network, which would be expected under normal conditions to have a slightly acidic pH in the range from 6.5 to 6.75. Ammonium ion concentrations of 10 mM would be expected to reduce significantly the differences in pH between acidic intracellular compartments and the cytoplasm. The pH-activity profile for the CHO O-linked alpha(2,6) sialytransferase using monosialylated G-CSF as a substrate reveals a twofold decrease in enzymatic activity across the pH range from 6.75 to 7.0.Mathematical modeling of this sialylation reaction supports the hypothesis that this twofold decrease in sialyltransferase activity resulting from an ammoniainduced increase in trans-Golgi pH could produce the observed decrease in G-CSF sialylation. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with LJP 394. (2001)

This clinical trial, in which a large number of patients with SLE were treated with LJP 394, expanded the safety profile of LJP 394 and demonstrated its capacity to reduce dsDNA antibodies.
Direct sequence evaluation of the major outer membrane protein gene variant regions of Chlamydia trachomatis subtypes D', I', and L2' (1991)

The nucleotide sequences of variable segments (VS) 1, 2, and 4 for the major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) of Chlamydia trachomatis were determined for serologically defined subtypes D', I', and L2'. Asymmetric DNA amplification was used to produce single-stranded DNA for direct sequencing. Amino acid substitutions were detected in VS1, VS2, and VS4 for I', in VS2 for L2', and in VS4 for D'. DNA sequencing of omp1 variant regions may be an important method for evaluating the molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia spp.
Variant <i>GADL1</i> and Response to Lithium Therapy in Bipolar I Disorder (2013)

Genetic variations in GADL1 are associated with the response to lithium maintenance treatment for bipolar I disorder in patients of Han Chinese descent. (Funded by Academia Sinica and others.).
Major Biocontrol of Plant Tumors Targets tRNA Synthetase (2005)

Crops can be devastated by pathogenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens that cause crown gall tumors. This devastation can be prevented by the nonpathogenic biocontrol agent A. radiobacter K84, which prevents disease by production of the "Trojan horse" toxin agrocin 84, which is specifically imported into tumorgenic A. tumefaciens strains to cause cell death. We demonstrate that this biocontrol agent targets A. tumefaciens leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), an essential enzyme for cell viability, while the agent itself survives by having a second, self-protective copy of the synthetase. In principle, this strategy from nature could be applied to other crop diseases by direct intervention.