gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the Fast Wavelet Transform Method to Compress Ultraviolet-Visible Spectra (1996)

Data compression methods based on the fast wavelet transform and the multiresolution signal decomposition algorithms were devised and applied to ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. Wavelet functions of the Daubechies type were employed for the purpose. In addition, two data pretreatment procedures were proposed and used to cope with the side-lobe problem. The performance of these methods was evaluated by using both synthetic and experimental data. It was found that the storage space of the spectral information under study can be reduced significantly by using the suggested methods with good-quality spectra generated from the compressed data.
The universal mathematical models of spatial curved surface in cartesian coordinates with NC-WEDM-HS (2008)

Machining spatial curved surface is one of the most challenging technologies in numeric control wire cut electric discharge machining with high speed (NC-WEDM-HS), in order to solve the difficult problems and get high tapered spatial complicated curved surface parts, a machining method is proposed and a universal mathematical models in Cartesian coordinates are derived based on the shaping theory and the composite movements which is composed of a rotation and two sways of the body. A simulation software for verifying the models is programmed, and a good adaptation, a simple structure and a good usability in NC system have been proved by the machining results. All these works provide an effective approach to resolve the problems of cutting spatial curved surface parts by WEDM-HS.
Mevalonate-independent methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Elucidation and distribution (2003)

Abstract A long-overlooked metabolic pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis, the mevalonate-independent methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, is present in many bacteria and in the chloroplasts of all phototrophic organisms. It represents an alternative to the well known mevalonate pathway, which is present in animals, fungi, plant cytoplasm, archaebacteria, and some eubacteria. This contribution summarizes key steps of its elucidation and the state-of-the-art knowledge of this biosynthetic pathway, which represents a novel target for antibacterial and antiparasitic drugs.
Novel block ionomers. III. Mechanical and rheological properties (2003)

Abstract Select rheological (dynamic viscoelastic) and mechanical properties of novel block cationomers and anionomers and their blends have been investigated. The block ionomers were linear di‐ and triblocks, and symmetric three‐arm stars comprising hydrophobic polyisobutylene (PIB) blocks attached to ionized poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA − X + , where X + = Na + , Zn 2+ ) and poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA + I − ) blocks. The specific structures investigated were the well‐defined diblocks PIB‐ b ‐PMAA − and PIB‐ b ‐PDMAEMA + and their blends, the triblocks PMAA − ‐ b ‐PIB‐ b ‐PMAA − and PDMAEMA + ‐ b ‐PIB‐ b ‐PDMAEMA + and their blends, and the three‐arm star anionomer Φ(PIB‐ b ‐PMAA − ) 3 . For comparison, the properties of the precursor PIBs and unionized blocks have also been studied. Hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl groups of the PMAA blocks in PIB‐ b ‐PMAA diblocks leads to inverse micelles. Neutralization of the PMAA by Zn(AcO) 2 and quaternization of the PDMAEMA segments by CH 3 I in the triblock copolymers and star copolymers yielded ionic domains, which self‐assemble and produce physical networks held together by coulumbic interaction. The physical/chemical characteristics of the domains control the viscoelastic behavior and mechanical properties of these block ionomers. The mechanical properties of the various block ionomers were significantly enhanced relative to the precursors, and they were thermally stable below the transition temperature. Further, the thermomechanical properties of these novel materials were satisfactory even above 200°C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1516–1525, 2003
200 μA-threshold quantum wire lasers (2002)

A number of attributes predicted for quantum wire lasers have been demonstrated using GaAs wells on periodically corrugated substrates. Here, We report ultra-low threshold currents and other operational characteristics of strained multi-well quantum-wire lasers that employ simple and unique self-alignment during growth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectrally Resolved Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (2002)

We report a system for collecting spectrally resolved fluorescent lifetime images. Frequency domain fluorescence lifetime detection was combined with two-dimensional spectral imaging in a programmable array microscope. The spectroscopic fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (sFLIM) system has a resolution of ∼50 (λ/Δλ) in the current arrangement and a wavelength range of ∼430–750 nm. With the sFLIM system, we recorded the lifetime spectra of rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, and the DNA intercalation dye propidium iodide (PI) in cuvettes and an EGFP-fusion of the histone 2A variant D protein in Drosophila salivary gland explants in the presence and absence of PI. In the absence of PI, the EGFP-fusion exhibited a lifetime of 2.7 ns with little variation in wavelength. The lifetime of PI alone ranged from ∼1 ns in buffer to ∼18 ns when intercalated in the nuclei of intact cells. The combination of EGFP and PI in the Drosophila salivary gland explants exhibited strong fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), a result consistent with the known nucleosomal structure of eukaryotic chromatin.
A performance analysis of hierarchical shortest path algorithms (2002)

The shortest-path problem is an essential component of many applications including Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS), computer networks, etc. A hierarchical routing algorithm decomposes the original graph into a set of fragment graphs and also into a boundary graph which summarizes the fragment graphs. A fully memoized hierarchical routing algorithm pre-computes and stores the shortest-path data structure and the shortest-path-cost data structure for the graph fragments, as well as for the boundary graph. The storage cost of the fully memoized approach can be reduced by a virtual or a hybrid memoization approach, where few or none of the relevant data structures have been pre-computed. This paper achieves two firsts. We use a real graph with 123,000 nodes and 313,000 edges, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the graphs used in related work. Second, the paper analyzes the effect of memoizing individual data structures for the storage overhead and computation time of A/sup */-based hierarchical routing algorithms. Analysis and experiments with the Twin Cities metropolitan road-map show that memoizing the shortest-path-cost data structure for the boundary graph provides the best savings in computation time, for a given amount of storage and a small number of fragments. Memoizing the relevant part of the shortest-path-cost data structure for the fragment graphs provides the next best savings, followed by memoizing the shortest-path data structure for the boundary graph.
Dataset for Multicarrier Division Duplex Aided Millimeter Wave Communications (2019)

This is the dataset of the accepted paper (July 18, 2019) R. Rajashekar, C. Xu, N. Ishikawa, L-L. Yang and L. Hanzo, "Multicarrier Division Duplex Aided Millimeter Wave Communications,"
Localizing Effects of Leptin on Upper Airway and Respiratory Control during Sleep (2016)

Leptin relieves upper airway obstruction in sleep apnea by activating the forebrain, possibly in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. In contrast, leptin upregulates ventilatory control through hindbrain sites of action, possibly in the nucleus of the solitary tract.
Cellular Effects of Helium in Different Organs (2010)

Experimental research in cardiac and neuronal tissue has shown that besides volatile anesthetics and xenon, the nonanesthetic noble gas helium also reduces ischemia-reperfusion damage. Even though the distinct mechanisms of helium-induced organ protection are not completely unraveled, several signaling pathways have been identified. Beside the protective effects on heart and brain that are mainly obtained by different pre- and postconditioning protocols, helium also exerts effects in the lungs, the immune system, and the blood vessels. Obviously, this noble gas is biochemically not inert and exerts biologic effects, although until today the question remains open on how these changes are mediated. Because of its favorable characteristics and the lack of hemodynamic side effects, helium is suitable for use also in critically ill patients. This review covers the cellular effects of helium, which may lead to new clinical strategies of tissue salvage in ischemia-reperfusion situations, both within and outside the perioperative setting.
Sodium Nickel Chloride Battery Design and Testing (2012)

The main subsystems in a GE Durathon™ sodium nickel chloride battery are cells, Battery Management System (BMS), and packaging (see Figure 1). This cell chemistry requires an internal operating temperature of about 300°C, which provides unique challenges for battery thermal insulation and cooling. Electrical insulation between the cells and enclosures is another challenge, because traditional polymer-based insulations cannot operate at this elevated temperature range. Similarly, mechanical support structures must be high-temperature capable and also provide adequate protection to the cells and BMS during abusive loading conditions. This paper covers the basic battery design, thermal management, and the testing that has been conducted to ensure reliable and safe performance. Reliability testing includes battery mechanical shock and vibration plus accelerated life tests on specific components such as the heater.
A Nickel-Cobalt-sensing ArsR-SmtB Family Repressor (2002)

NmtR from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a new member of the ArsR-SmtB family of metal sensor transcriptional repressors. NmtR binds to the operator-promoter of a gene encoding a P(1) type ATPase (NmtA), repressing transcription in vivo except in medium supplemented with nickel or, to some extent, cobalt. In a cyanobacterial host, Synechococcus PCC 7942 strain R2-PIM8(smt), NmtR-mediated repression is alleviated by cobalt but not nickel or zinc addition, while the related sensor SmtB responds exclusively to zinc. Quantification of the number of atoms of nickel per cell shows that NmtR nickel sensitivity correlates with cytosolic nickel contents. Differential metal discrimination in a common cytosol by SmtB (zinc) and NmtR (cobalt) is not simply explained by affinities at equilibrium; although NmtR does bind nickel substantially more tightly than SmtB, it has a higher affinity for zinc than for cobalt and binds cobalt more weakly than SmtB. SmtB is known to bind and sense zinc at interhelical four-coordinate, tetrahedral sites across the C-terminal alpha 5 helices, while absorption spectroscopy of Co(II)- and Ni(II)-substituted NmtR reveals five- and six-coordinate metal complexes. Site-directed mutagenesis identifies six potential cobalt/nickel ligands that are obligatory for inducer recognition but not repression by NmtR, four of which (Asp(91), His(93), His(104), His(107)) align with alpha 5 ligands of SmtB with two additional His provided by a carboxyl-terminal "extension" (designated alpha 5C). Gel retardation assays reveal that zinc does not allosterically regulate NmtR-DNA binding at concentrations where lower affinity cobalt does. These data suggest that two additional ligands form hexacoordinate metal complexes and are crucial for driving allosteric regulation of DNA binding by NmtR, thereby allowing NmtR to preferentially sense metals that favor higher coordination numbers relative to SmtB.
Susceptibility of<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>strains from broiler chickens to antibiotics and anticoccidials (2003)

Clostridium perfringens strains isolated in 2002 from the intestines of broiler chickens from 31 different farms located in Belgium were tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotics used for therapy, growth promotion or prevention of coccidiosis. All strains were uniformly sensitive to the ionophore antibiotics monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, maduramycin and narasin. All were sensitive to avilamycin, tylosin and amoxicillin, while flavomycin (bambermycin) showed low or no activity. Chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline were active at very low concentrations, but low-level acquired resistance was detected in 66% of the strains investigated. Fifty percent of these strains carried the tetP(B) resistance gene, while the tet(Q) gene was detected in only one strain. One strain with high-level resistance against tetracyclines carried the tet(M) gene. Sixty-three percent of the strains showed low-level resistance to lincomycin. The lnu(A) and lnu(B) genes were each only found in one strain. Compared with a similar investigation carried out in 1980, an increase was seen in resistance percentages with lincomycin (63% against 49%) and a slight decrease with tetracycline (66% against 74%).
Plan synthesis: a logical perspective (1981)

This paper explores some theoretical issues of robot system planning from the perspective of propositional dynamic logic. A generalized notion of progression and regression of conditions through actions is developed. This leads to a bidirectional single - level planning algorithm that Is easily extended to hierarchical planning. Multiple pre-/postcondition pairs, complex (e.g., conjunctive, disjunctive) goals, goals of maintenance and prevention, and plans with tests are all handled in a natural way. The logical framwork is used to clarify gaps in existing nonlinear and hierachical planning strategies.
Par-4 Inhibits Choline Uptake by Interacting with CHT1 and Reducing Its Incorporation on the Plasma Membrane (2004)

CHT1 is a Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent, hemicholinium-3 (HC-3)-sensitive, high affinity choline transporter. Par-4 (prostate apoptosis response-4) is a leucine zipper protein involved in neuronal degeneration and cholinergic signaling in Alzheimer's disease. We now report that Par-4 is a negative regulator of CHT1 choline uptake activity. Transfection of neural IMR-32 cells with human CHT1 conferred Na(+)-dependent, HC-3-sensitive choline uptake that was effectively inhibited by cotransfection of Par-4. Mapping studies indicated that the C-terminal half of Par-4 was physically involved in interacting with CHT1, and the absence of Par-4.CHT1 complex formation precluded the loss of CHT1-mediated choline uptake induced by Par-4, indicating that Par-4.CHT1 complex formation is essential. Kinetic and cell-surface biotinylation assays showed that Par-4 inhibited CHT1-mediated choline uptake by reducing CHT1 expression in the plasma membrane without significantly altering the affinity of CHT1 for choline or HC-3. These results suggest that Par-4 is directly involved in regulating choline uptake by interacting with CHT1 and by reducing its incorporation on the cell surface.
Digitally programmable gain amplifiers with arbitary range of integer values (1980)

A new method for designing programmable gain amplifiers which provide a range of selectable integer gain values is presented. The design uses a single noninverting op-amp with a switched resistor network to achieve a number of desirable properties, including high input impedance and immunity of the gain accuracy to drifts in the ON resistance of the physical switches with temperature and aging.
Cyanomidines. II. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of N-Arylalkyl-N'-cyano-3-pyridinecarboxamidines. (1994)

A new series of cyanoamidines, N-arylalkyl-N'-cyano-3-pyridinecarboxamidines was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory effects on 40 mM KCl-induced contraction and norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction of rat aorta strips. The N-phenethyl cyanoamidine 4c showed potent vasodilatory action. Further in vitro screening program using 4c as a lead compound resulted in the discovery of highly potent N-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-N'-cyano-3-pyridinecarboxamidine (5j). Compound 5j induced the greatest increase in 86Rb+ efflux among cyanoamidine series. Subsequent modification of the pyridine ring of 5j was performed with evaluation for intravenous and oral antihypertensive activities. Introduction of an amino group at the 5-position of the pyridine ring furnished the new potassium channel opener, 5-amino-N-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-N'-cyano-3-pyridinecarboxamidine+ ++ (9e; KRN4884), which showed highly potent antihypertensive activity and a long duration of antihypertensive action after oral administration. KRN4884 is under further development as an antihypertensive agent.
DNA Surface Technology: From Gene Sensors to Integrated Systems for Life and Materials Sciences (2018)

The evolution of DNA microarray technology has led to sophisticated DNA chips that are being used as routine tools for fundamental and applied genome research such as genotyping and expression profiling. Owing to their capability for highly parallel, site-directed immobilization of complementary nucleic acids through canonical Watson-Crick base-pairing, however, DNA-modified surfaces can also be used for the assembly of complex surface architectures comprised of non-nucleic acid compounds, such as proteins or colloidal materials. Furthermore, implementation of functional DNA devices and structural DNA nanotechnology can unlock the full potential of DNA surfaces. Based on case studies from diagnostics, sensing, proteome research, cell adhesion, and cell signaling, we show how classical gene sensors have developed into modern integrated systems and platforms for various applications in life sciences and materials research.
Study of gabor and local binary patterns for retinal image analysis (2010)

In this paper selection of proper feature for retinal vascular tissue segmentation is studied. Different features have been proposed for retinal vessel detection. One of the most famous features adapted is Gabor wavelet. Due to multi resolution property of Gabor, combination of scales can be used to extract features. However, similar features in feature vector would increase the possibility of inter-correlation and not an apt result would be achieved.
Unfavorable prognostic factors associated with high frequency of microsatellite instability and comparative genomic hybridization analysis in endometrial cancer. (2003)

MSI-H was correlated with histological grade, International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) stage, myometrial invasion, and lymphonode metastasis. Our comparative genomic hybridization results demonstrated that the number of chromosomes involved in genomic alterations in EACs was distinctively fewer than those in other types of tumor. The carcinogenetic process leading to EAC appears to be highly complex; for example, MI and CI may act synergistically, whereas CI and/or MI are likely to be linked with tumor heterogeneity.
Time-Resolved Linewidth Enhancement Factors in Quantum Dot and Higher-Dimensional Semiconductor Amplifiers Operating at 1.55 $\mu{\hbox{m}}$ (2008)

We report time-resolved measurements of the linewidth enhancement factors (-factors) , and , associated with the adiabatic carrier recovery, carrier heating, and two-photon absorption dynamical processes, respectively, in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) with different degrees of dimensionality-one InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum dot (0-D), one InAs/InAlGaAs/InP quantum dash (1-D), and a matching InGaAsP/InGaAsP/InP quantum well (2-D)-all operating near 1.55- wavelengths. We find the lowest values in the QD SOA, 2-10, compared to 8-16 in the QW, and values of and that are also lower than in the QW. In the QD SOA, the -factors exhibit little wavelength dependence over the gain bandwidth, promising for wide-bandwidth all-optical applications. We also find significant differences in the -factors of lasers with the same structure, due to the differences between gain changes that are induced optically or through the electrical bias. For the lasers we find the QW structure instead has the lower -factor, having implications for directly modulated laser applications.
Successful Separation of Depressed, Normal, and Insomniac Subjects by EEG Sleep Data (1979)

Data from all-night EEG sleep studies were used to distinguish normal subjects, primary depressed patients, and primary insomniac patients. In part 1, we compared 41 normal subjects, 56 depressed patients, and 18 insomniacs. In a univariate comparison with normal subjects, depressed patients showed less total sleep, longer sleep latency, more early morning awake time, more intermittent awake time, less delta sleep, less sleep efficiency, and shorter rapid eye movement (REM) latencies; compared with insomniacs, depressed patients showed greater early morning awake time, shorter REM latency, greater REM index, and greater REM density. Using multivariate discriminant analysis, 82% of the sample were correctly classified by diagnosis: 100% of the normal subjects, 72% of the depressed patients, and 77% of the insomniacs. Eight variables contributed to the multivariate separation of depressed individuals from insomniacs and normals: total sleep time, total recording period, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, early morning awake time, awake time, REM time and REM%. When the discriminant functions were applied to a second group of 18 primary depressed patients, 82% were correctly classified as depressed. These results suggest that primary depressed patients and primary insomniac patients may show relatively characteristic patterns of sleep abnormality.
Characterization of broad-band transmission for coplanar waveguides on CMOS silicon substrates (1998)

This paper presents characteristics of microwave transmission in coplanar waveguides (CPW's) on silicon (Si) substrates fabricated through commercial CMOS foundries. Due to the CMOS fabrication, the metal strips of the CPW are encapsulated in thin films of Si dioxide. Many test sets were fabricated with different line dimensions, all on p-type substrates with resistivities in the range from 0.4 /spl Omega//spl middot/cm to 12.5 /spl Omega//spl middot/cm. Propagation constant and characteristic impedance measurements were performed at frequencies from 0.1 to 40 GHz, using a vector-network analyzer and the through-reflect-line (TRL) deembedding technique. A quasi-TEM equivalent circuit model was developed from the available process parameters, which accounts for the effects of the electromagnetic fields in the CPW structure over a broad frequency range. The analysis was based on the conformal mapping of the CPW multilayer dielectric cross section to obtain accurate circuit representation for the effects of the transverse fields.