gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schottky contact surface-plasmon detector integrated with an asymmetric metal stripe waveguide (2009)

A silicon-based Schottky contact photodetector integrated into a finite width asymmetric metal stripe supporting short-range surface plasmon polaritons is presented. Input optical energy is coupled into a bound mode supported by the stripe, leading to total absorption of in-coupled energy. The absorbed energy excites carriers in the metal stripe, some of which cross the Schottky barrier (internal photoemission) leading to a photocurrent under reverse bias. Significant enhancement in the quantum efficiency is observed for a thin metal stripe due to multiple internal reflections of excited carriers. The device holds promise for short-reach high-speed optical interconnects and silicon-based photonic circuitry.
On the origin of synkinesis in hemifacial spasm: results of intracranial recordings (1984)

Recordings were made from facial muscles and the facial nerve near its entrance into the brain stem in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). The purpose of this study was to determine if the synkinesis commonly seen in patients with HFS could be linked to ephaptic transmission at the presumed site of the lesion (at the root entry zone (REZ) of the facial nerve). When the mandibular branch of the facial nerve was electrically stimulated, a response could be recorded from the orbicularis oculi muscles during the operation. The latency of the earliest response was 11.03 +/- 0.66 msec (mean response of seven patients +/- standard deviation (SD]. With equivalent stimulation a response could also be recorded from the facial nerve near the REZ; the latency of this response was 3.87 +/- 0.36 msec. Stimulation of the facial nerve at the same location yielded a response from the orbicularis oculi muscle, with a latency of 4.65 +/- 0.25 msec. The latency of the earliest response from the orbicularis oculi muscle to stimulation of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (11.3 msec) is thus larger than the sum of the conduction times from the points of stimulation of the marginal mandibular branch to the REZ of the facial nerve and from the REZ of the facial nerve to the orbicularis oculi muscle (8.52 +/- 0.38 msec). It is therefore regarded as unlikely that the earliest response of the orbicularis oculi muscle to stimulation of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve is a result of "crosstalk" in the facial nerve at a location near the REZ, and it seems more likely that HFS caused by injury of the facial nerve is a result of reverberant activity in the facial motonucleus, possibly caused by mechanisms that are similar to kindling.
Incidence of endophytes in seeds from collections of <i>Lolium</i> and <i>Festuca</i> species (1987)

SUMMARY Seeds from 53 of 64 collections of Lolium perenne from its centre of origin or from old pastures in Europe were found to be infected with endophyte whereas only four of 16 commercial cultivars had infected seed. Almost two thirds of seed samples of L. multiflorum, Festuca arundinacea and F. pratensis collected from plants growing in the wild in Italy contained endophyte but none of the eight commercial cultivars of L. multiflorum and only two of five cultivars of Festuca spp. produced by the Welsh Plant Breeding Station were infected. At least one seed sample from each of six species and varieties of annual ryegrasses contained endophyte mycelium. Endophytes in annual ryegrasses could not be cultured axenically and are probably a different species to the Acremonium lolii present in L. perenne. A correction to the spelling of the specific epithet of A. lolii is explained.
Transit time limited response of GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes (1991)

The response of GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiodes at low temperatures has been investigated in the time domain by photoconductive sampling. The dependence of the response time on temperature for T≳50 K can be described by phonon mediated intervalley and intravalley scattering. The pulse width drops from 10.8 ps at 300 K to 5.6 ps at 70 K and then grows rapidly with decreasing temperature below 50 K. These results demonstrate that the response is limited by the electron/hole transport in the semiconductor rather than by external capacitances or inductances.
Characterization of an anti-H-2 monoclonal antibody and its use in large-scale antigen purification. (1981)

A rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb), M1/42, has been found to react with H-2 antigens from cells of the a, b, d, j, k, s, and u haplotypes (all haplotypes tested). This antibody, when bound to cells and reacted with FITC-conjugated anti-rat Ig, could be used to quantitate H-2 expression on several cell types. The antibody was also useful in comparing the H-2 products precipitated from a variety of haplotypes. M1/42-coupled Sepharose-4B beads were used to purify H-2d antigens by affinity chromatography. Pure H-2 molecules eluted from the column in 0.5% DOC, 0.65 M NaCl, 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0, yielding 110 to 180 micrograms H-2d/10(10) P815 tumor cells. This antibody, when used in series with H-2Kk-specific MAb 11-4.1, allowed purification of Dk and Dd from RDM-4 and YAC cells, respectively. H-2d purified by column chromatography on M1/42 was found to be serologically and biologically active, as determined by MAb rebinding, inhibition of cell lysis by alloantisera plus complement and ability to stimulate alloreactive CTL. This antibody and the described protocols should be useful in the preparation of relatively large quantities of a number of H-2 antigens.
The<i>In Vivo</i>Response of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells to Glycolipid Antigens (2007)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that recognizes glycolipid antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein CD1d. Although iNKT cells have received a lot of attention as targets for the development of immunotherapies, few studies have investigated the in vivo response of iNKT cells to glycolipid antigen activation. Accumulating evidence indicates that iNKT cells generate a dynamic response to in vivo activation by glycolipid antigens that is characterized by surface receptor downmodulation, expansion, cytokine production, cross talk with other cells, homeostatic contraction, and acquisition of an anergic phenotype. These studies provide new insight into the biology of iNKT cells and have important implications for designing safe and effective iNKT cell-based vaccines and therapies.
Gate-stored MOS phototransistor image sensor. (1987)

新しいMOS型フォトトランジスタCMDの受光素子としての特性を測定し, これにもとづき画素寸法14μm (H) ×16μm (V), 画素数192 (H) ×165 (V) のCMD撮像素子を試作, 評価した.この結果, 本デバイスは, ブルーミング耐性が200倍以上, 次フィールドでの残像が0.6%以下と良好な撮像特性を示すことがわかった.さらに, 分光感度特性が比視感度特性に近く, また, 画素の小型化が比較的容易であることを示した.これらのことから本デバイスは次世代の固体撮像素子として有望であると思われる.
Accompagner une réforme fiscale : avec une prime pour l’emploi ou avec une hausse des allocations familiales ? (2003)

La France et le Luxembourg ont récemment mis en oeuvre une réforme fiscale assez similaire. Ces deux réformes se distinguent cependant par le type de mesure d’accompagnement choisi : la Prime pour l’emploi en France, une majoration exceptionnelle des Allocations familiales au Luxembourg. Les deux réformes ont fait l’objet d’évaluations ex ante en recourant à des simulations dont les résultats sont retracés dans cet article. L’évaluation est menée, d’une part, du point de vue de la redistribution verticale et, d’autre part, du point de vue de la redistribution horizontale selon la structure familiale. L’accent est plus particulièrement mis sur l’analyse comparative de l’impact des deux mesures d’accompagnement, notamment par une simulation à budget donné.
Multipath exploitation in an urban environment using a MIMO surveillance radar (2010)

Surveillance in an urban environment under all atmospheric conditions and situations can be performed by means of radars. The multipath created by buildings and moving targets can be exploited, for example in order to increase SNR. In this paper we present the initial results of the measurements of a moving target in a roadblock scenario in non line of sight (NLOS ). The results suggest that MIMO systems are suitable for urban environment surveillance.
Agroinfiltration as an Effective and Scalable Strategy of Gene Delivery for Production of Pharmaceutical Proteins (2013)

Current human biologics are most commonly produced by mammalian cell culture-based fermentation technologies. However, its limited scalability and high cost prevent this platform from meeting the ever increasing global demand. Plants offer a novel alternative system for the production of pharmaceutical proteins that is more scalable, cost-effective, and safer than current expression paradigms. The recent development of deconstructed virus-based vectors has allowed rapid and high-level transient expression of recombinant proteins, and in turn, provided a preferred plant based production platform. One of the remaining challenges for the commercial application of this platform was the lack of a scalable technology to deliver the transgene into plant cells. Therefore, this review focuses on the development of an effective and scalable technology for gene delivery in plants. Direct and indirect gene delivery strategies for plant cells are first presented, and the two major gene delivery technologies based on agroinfiltration are subsequently discussed. Furthermore, the advantages of syringe and vacuum infiltration as gene delivery methodologies are extensively discussed, in context of their applications and scalability for commercial production of human pharmaceutical proteins in plants. The important steps and critical parameters for the successful implementation of these strategies are also detailed in the review. Overall, agroinfiltration based on syringe and vacuum infiltration provides an efficient, robust and scalable gene-delivery technology for the transient expression of recombinant proteins in plants. The development of this technology will greatly facilitate the realization of plant transient expression systems as a premier platform for commercial production of pharmaceutical proteins.
Designing a gateway between teletex and OSI networks by means of SDL (1989)

The design of a gateway that can interconnect teletex and OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) networks is shown. This goal is achieved by defining a functional block, the gateway mapping function (GMF), that provides a bridge between the procedures defined in CCITT Recommendation T.62 and the ISO OSI VT (virtual terminal) specification. The general architecture of the gateway is provided and the specification of its functions by means of SDL (specification and description language) diagrams are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A non-equilibrium state diagram for liquid/fluid/particle mixtures (2015)

The equilibrium structures of ternary oil/water/surfactant systems are often represented within a triangular composition diagram with various regions of the triangle corresponding to different equilibrium states. We transplant this idea to ternary liquid/fluid/particle systems that are far from equilibrium. Liquid/liquid/particle mixtures or liquid/gas/particle mixtures yield a wide diversity of morphologies including Pickering emulsions, bijels, pendular aggregates, spherical agglomerates, capillary suspensions, liquid marbles, powdered liquids, and particle-stabilized foams. This paper argues that such ternary liquid/fluid/particle mixtures can be unified into a non-equilibrium state diagram. What is common among all these systems is that the morphology results from an interplay between the preferential wettability of the particles, capillarity, and viscous forces encountered during mixing. Therefore all such systems share certain universal features, regardless of the details of the particles or fluids used. These features guide the construction of a non-equilibrium state diagram which takes the form of a triangular prism, where each triangular cross-section of the prism corresponds to a different relative affinity of the particles towards the two fluids. We classify the prism into regions in which the various morphologies appear and also emphasize the major difference between systems in which the particles are fully-wetted by one of the fluids vs. partially-wetted by both fluids. We also discuss how the state diagram may change with mixing intensity or with interparticle attractions.
The electron affinity and ionization energy of various impurities in silicone oil (1993)

Electron affinities of various impurities and their electron emission ionization energies are presented. When electrons and holes were injected into silicone oil with a thin-film tunnel emitter, the injecting voltage was influenced by the type of impurity and its amount. The electron affinity for an impurity was calculated from the difference between the injecting voltage in pure silicone oil and the voltage in silicone oil contaminated with the impurity. The energy which is required for electron emission from the impurity was calculated from the hole injection voltage for the contaminated silicone oil. According to the experimental results, the electron affinity and the energy for electron emission depended on the structure of the impurity. Impurities with high electron affinity or high electron emission capability had either large dipole moments or many pi electrons. Electron affinity of various impurities and the electron emission energy were mainly correlated to their acceptor number and their donor number, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cerebroventricular Microinjection (CVMI) into Adult Zebrafish Brain Is an Efficient Misexpression Method for Forebrain Ventricular Cells (2011)

The teleost fish Danio rerio (zebrafish) has a remarkable ability to generate newborn neurons in its brain at adult stages of its lifespan-a process called adult neurogenesis. This ability relies on proliferating ventricular progenitors and is in striking contrast to mammalian brains that have rather restricted capacity for adult neurogenesis. Therefore, investigating the zebrafish brain can help not only to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of widespread adult neurogenesis in a vertebrate species, but also to design therapies in humans with what we learn from this teleost. Yet, understanding the cellular behavior and molecular programs underlying different biological processes in the adult zebrafish brain requires techniques that allow manipulation of gene function. As a complementary method to the currently used misexpression techniques in zebrafish, such as transgenic approaches or electroporation-based delivery of DNA, we devised a cerebroventricular microinjection (CVMI)-assisted knockdown protocol that relies on vivo morpholino oligonucleotides, which do not require electroporation for cellular uptake. This rapid method allows uniform and efficient knockdown of genes in the ventricular cells of the zebrafish brain, which contain the neurogenic progenitors. We also provide data on the use of CVMI for growth factor administration to the brain--in our case FGF8, which modulates the proliferation rate of the ventricular cells. In this paper, we describe the CVMI method and discuss its potential uses in zebrafish.
Data-Driven Lung Nodule Models for Robust Nodule Detection in Chest CT (2010)

The quality of the lung nodule models determines the success of lung nodule detection. This paper describes aspects of our data-driven approach for modeling lung nodules using the texture and shape properties of real nodules to form an average model template per nodule type. The ELCAP low dose CT (LDCT) scans database is used to create the required statistics for the models based on modern computer vision techniques. These models suit various machine learning approaches for nodule detection including Bayesian methods, SVM and Neural Networks, and computations may be enhanced through genetic algorithms and Adaboost. The eminence of the new nodule models are studied with respect to parametric models showing significant improvements in both sensitivity and specificity.
Thermal Management for High-Power Single-Frequency Tunable Diode-Pumped VECSEL Emitting in the Near- and Mid-IR (2013)

We demonstrate a technological process for reducing thermal impedance of 1/2 vertical external-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (VECSEL) chips on both GaSb- and GaAs-based III-V materials for 1 and 2.3 μm emission, respectively. The structure is grown in reverse order and gold electroplated, and then the substrate is removed by wet etching. Gold allows us both to reduce the number of Bragg mirror pairs and to increase the material thermal conductivity leading to a strong reduction of thermal impedance. We then characterized the VECSEL laser emission.
Downhole pulse tube refrigerators (1997)

This report summarizes a preliminary design study to explore the plausibility of using pulse tube refrigeration to cool instruments in a hot down-hole environment. The original motivation was to maintain Dave Reagor`s high-temperature superconducting electronics at 75 K, but the study has evolved to include three target design criteria: cooling at 30 C in a 300 C environment, cooling at 75 K in a 50 C environment, cooling at both 75 K and 30 C in a 250 C environment. These specific temperatures were chosen arbitrarily, as representative of what is possible. The primary goals are low cost, reliability, and small package diameter. Pulse-tube refrigeration is a rapidly growing sub-field of cryogenic refrigeration. The pulse tube refrigerator has recently become the simplest, cheapest, most rugged and reliable low-power cryocooler. The authors expect this technology will be applicable downhole because of the ratio of hot to cold temperatures (in absolute units, such as Kelvin) of interest in deep drilling is comparable to the ratios routinely achieved with cryogenic pulse-tube refrigerators.
Drugs affecting microtubule dynamics increase alpha-tubulin mRNA accumulation via transcription in Tetrahymena thermophila. (1992)

In cultured mammalian cells, an increase in the amount of tubulin monomer due to treatment with a microtubule-depolymerizing agent results in a rapid decline in tubulin synthesis. This autoregulatory response is mediated through a posttranscriptional mechanism which decreases the stability of tubulin message with no change in transcriptional activity of tubulin genes. Conversely, treatment with a microtubule-polymerizing drug, such as taxol, results in a slight increase in the synthesis of tubulin. Surprisingly, we find that two microtubule-depolymerizing agents, colchicine and oryzalin, actually cause an increase in alpha-tubulin synthesis and alpha-tubulin message in starved Tetrahymena thermophila. This increase is paralleled by an increase in transcription of alpha-tubulin sequences measured by run-on transcription, while the half-life of tubulin message measured by decay in the presence of actinomycin D does not change appreciably. Treatment of starved cells with taxol also produces an increase in alpha-tubulin synthesis via an increase in message abundance due to an increase in transcription of the alpha-tubulin gene. These results indicate that tubulin synthesis in T. thermophila is regulated very differently than in cultured mammalian cells.
76 GHz alternating-phase fed single-layer slotted waveguide arrays with maximum gain and sidelobe suppression (2005)

High-gain and mass-producible planar antennas are in demand for millimeter wave applications. A single-layer slotted waveguide array is a promising candidate for these applications. The simple structure, consisting of only two parts, a slotted plate and a groove feed structure, is suitable for mass-production. Alternating-phase fed arrays with uniform aperture distribution for maximum gain and a Taylor distribution for sidelobe suppression of -25 dB were tested at 76 GHz. High gain and high efficiency performance of 34.8 dBi and 57%, respectively, are achieved by an aluminum antenna designed for uniform aperture distribution with 6/spl deg/ backward beam tilting. The experiments reveal that the antenna efficiency is improved by 15%, by changing the material from stainless steel to aluminum, and by 10%, by changing the beam tilting angle from 3/spl deg/ to 6/spl deg/. The measured sidelobe levels of the antennas designed for Taylor distribution are -20 dB in the H-plane and -23 dB in the E-plane. Satisfactory sidelobe suppression with high efficiency is confirmed by measurement.
Real-time 100 object recognition system (2002)

A real-time vision system is described that can recognize 100 complex three-dimensional objects. In contrast to traditional strategies that rely on object geometry and local image features, the present system is founded on the concept of appearance matching. Appearance manifolds of the 100 objects were automatically learned using a computer-controlled turntable. The entire learning process was completed in 1 day. A recognition loop has been implemented that performs scene change detection, image segmentation, region normalizations, and appearance matching, in less than 1 second. The hardware used by the recognition system includes no more than a CCD color camera and a workstation. The real-time capability and interactive nature of the system have allowed numerous observers to test its performance. To quantify performance, we have conducted controlled experiments on recognition and pose estimation. The recognition rate was found to be 100% and object pose was estimated with a mean absolute error of 2.02 degrees and standard deviation of 1.67 degrees.
<i>AtBXL1</i>, a novel higher plant (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) putative beta‐xylosidase gene, is involved in secondary cell wall metabolism and plant development (2003)

To investigate mechanisms involved in cell wall development, an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant collection was screened to identify mutants with beta-glucuronidase fusion gene expression in tissues undergoing secondary cell wall thickening. This promoter-trapping strategy allowed the isolation of a transformant containing the GUS coding sequence inserted 700 bp upstream of the ATG of a putative beta-xylosidase gene. The transformant has no phenotype as the expression of the gene was not disrupted by the insertion. The analysis of the predicted protein, AtBXL1, suggests its targeting to the extracellular matrix and its involvement in cell wall metabolism through a putative activity towards xylans. The 2-kb promoter sequence of AtBXL1 was fused to the GUS coding sequence and introduced into wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. GUS expression was shown to be restricted to tissues undergoing secondary cell wall formation. Beta-xylosidase activity was associated with the cell wall-enriched fraction of different organs of wild-type plants. The level of activity correlates with transcript accumulation of AtBXL1 and other AtBXL1-related genes. Transgenic plants expressing the AtBXL1 cDNA in antisense orientation were generated. Lines exhibiting the highest decrease in AtBXL1 transcript accumulation and beta-xylosidase activity had phenotypic alterations. This newly identified gene is proposed to be involved in secondary cell wall hemicellulose metabolism and plant development.
PASISAR: processing of very high-resolution near-bottom seismic data (2002)

The PASISAR very high resolution seismic data are recorded through a single channel streamer attached to a deep towed side-scan sonar, using conventional seismic sources located at the sea surface. This device provides an outstanding improvement of both horizontal and vertical resolutions of seismic profiles in deep waters. However, the motions of the towed fish and the dissymmetry of the acquisition device dramatically alter the quality of data. Therefore a dedicated processing is mandatory in order to provide the interpreters with legible seismic sections. >