gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Error Concealment Method for Backward Compatible 3D Video Transmission (2011)

When 3D video is transmitted over lossy channels, different strategies can be adopted at the different layers of the communication protocol stack to cope with such errors, in a cross-layer operation framework. At the receiver side, effective error concealment methods are necessary to overcome the quality loss due to erroneous packets. The existing concealment techniques for conventional 2D video can be individually applied for each component/view associated with 3D video. Novel error concealment methods which utilize inherent characteristics of 3D video are also emerging. This paper proposes a colour/texture initiated error concealment method for colour plus depth based 3D video. The error concealment process starts from the colour image sequence as accurate texture information is required to render good quality 2D/3D video with the DIBR (Depth Image-Based-Rendering) method. Since the depth map represents the basic structure of the corresponding colour image, the proposed method utilizes colour image concealment to conceal the errors in the associated depth map as well. This colour/texture image based temporal error concealment method is tested over a backward compatible Scalable Video Coding (SVC) architecture and a simulated packet loss network. The objective and subjective results/illustrations show that improved 2D/3D video quality can be achieved with the proposed method.
Three‐Dimensional Mapping of Earliest Activation after Near‐Threshold Ventricular Defibrillation Shocks (2003)

Following near-DFT50 shocks, the first postshock cycles did not arise by macroreentry. Instead, they originated from a true focus or microreentry, most commonly near the epicardium.
Intracellular Rescue of the Uroporphyrinogen III Synthase Activity in Enzymes Carrying the Hotspot Mutation C73R (2011)

A single mutation (C73R) in the enzyme uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROIIIS) is responsible for more than one-third of all of the reported cases of the rare autosomal disease congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP). CEP patients carrying this hotspot mutation develop a severe phenotype of the disease, including reduced life expectancy. Here, we have investigated the molecular basis for the functional deficit in the mutant enzyme both in vitro and in cellular systems. We show that a Cys in position 73 is not essential for the catalytic activity of the enzyme but its mutation to Arg speeds up the process of irreversible unfolding and aggregation. In the mammalian cell milieu, the mutant protein levels decrease to below the detection limit, whereas wild type UROIIIS can be detected easily. The disparate response is not produced by differences at the level of transcription, and the results with cultured cells and in vitro are consistent with a model where the protein becomes very unstable upon mutation and triggers a degradation mechanism via the proteasome. Mutant protein levels can be restored upon cell treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. The intracellularly recovered C73R-UROIIIS protein shows enzymatic activity, paving the way for a new line of therapeutic intervention in CEP patients.
Ultra-small, high-efficiency S-band T/R modules for satellite (2002)

During the research on high-reliable modules for satellite, we use specialprocesses to integrate microwave units, such as frequency synthesizer, mixer, microwave am-plifier and IF amplifier, into a 100mm×100mm×450 mm module, so as to reduce thevolume and weight for more extensive and flexible use.
MHC-encoded proteasome subunits LMP2 and LMP7 are not required for efficient antigen presentation. (1994)

LMP2 and LMP7 are proteins encoded by MHC genes that are tightly linked to the genes encoding TAP, the transporter that conveys peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum for assembly with MHC class I molecules. LMP2 and LMP7 are subunits of a subset of proteasomes, large molecular assemblies with multi-proteolytic activities believed to degrade damaged and unwanted cellular proteins. Like TAP and class I molecules themselves, expression of LMP genes is enhanced after exposure of cells to IFN-gamma. These findings implicate LMP2 and LMP7 in the cytosolic production of antigenic peptides. Doubts have been cast, however, on the role of LMP2 and LMP7 in Ag processing, because cells lacking these proteins possess class I molecules that contain peptides quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable from the peptides bound to class I molecules derived from normal cells. In this paper we show that cells lacking LMP2 and LMP7 present seven TAP-dependent determinants derived from viral proteins. For two determinants, the kinetics of presentation are shown to be similar for LMP-expressing and -nonexpressing cells. We also demonstrate biochemically that peptide is not limiting in the assembly of class I molecules in LMP-nonexpressing cells. These findings provide additional evidence that LMP2 and LMP7 are not required for efficient Ag presentation, and suggest that these proteins have either a more specialized role in the production of class I-associated peptides, or are not involved in the processing of proteins for association with class I molecules.
A dicentric chromosome identification method based on clustering and watershed algorithm (2019)

Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of dicentric chromosome identification counting under the microscope, this paper presents a joint processing algorithm combining clustering and watershed. The method first uses clustering and watershed algorithm to segment the original chromosome image, and then identifies the individual chromosomes. The results show that when the equivalent width Y parameter is selected m = 1, n = 1, the true positive rate of dicentric chromosome identification is 76.6%, and positive predictive value is 76.6% in high dose, which is higher than the threshold algorithm for the true positive rate (63.9%) and positive predictive value (63.5%). The number of identified dicentric chromosomes can be used for dose estimation. When 500 cells are used for identification and dose estimation, the dose estimation pass rate can reach 80% in high dose. But for low dose, more cells should be used to identify to increase the dose estimation pass rate.
Geodesic optical waveguide lens analysis* (1977)

In the geometrical approximation, ray paths over waveguide depressions (geodesic lenses) may be determimed by Fermat’s principle. In this paper an algroithm is derived, based on Fermat’s principle, to ray trace geodesic lenses with circular symmetry having an arbitrary generating curve. Ray tracing techniques are also presented for conical skirt mirror and toric edge rounding which are used to guide the rays into the geodesic lens. Furthermore, aspheric geodesic lens profiles are derived that provide perfect geometrical focusing with arbitrary focal length.
Nanometer-Scale Metal Plating Using a Scanning Shear-Force Microscope with an Electrolyte-Filled Micropipette Probe (2004)

We describe a novel technique of local metal plating using a scanning probe microscope with a micropipette probe filled with an electrolyte solution. An electrode wire inside the electrolyte-filled micropipette and Si surfaces were employed as the anode and the cathode, respectively. Nanometer-scale Cu dots could be electrochemically deposited on the Si surfaces as the micropipette probe was nearly in contact with the surfaces with application of a dc voltage between the electrode wire and the surfaces. It was possible to control the size of the Cu dots by adjusting the deposition time and voltage. Dot arrays and line patterns were sequentially fabricated as the pipette probe scanned the surfaces while changing the probe-to-surface distance under shear-force control. This technique of local metal plating could allow the fabrication of nanostructures such as nanomachines and nanoelectronics.
High-precision sinusoidal frequency estimator based on weighted least square method (1987)

The estimation of the frequency of a sine wave is a fundamental task in many test and measurement systems. In this report, a frequency estimator based on the weighted least-square method (WLSM) is derived. The estimator is optimal in the sense that it is unbiased, and it has the smallest standard deviation among the whole class of linear estimators. A well-approximated normalized standard deviation of the estimator is obtained in closed form. It is shown that the normalized standard deviation of the optical estimator is of the form 2.2σ/[ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> × <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ] <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> , where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> is the average number of samples per period, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> is the number of half periods covered by the observation interval, and σ is the standard deviation of the additive noise. There are three potential applications of this result: precision frequency measurement in white-noise environment; confidence interval display in frequency meter; and waveform digitizer effective-bits characterization.
Receivers with widely linear processing for frequency-selective channels (2003)

We propose several equalization schemes based on widely linear processing (WLP). The received signal and its complex conjugate are separately filtered and the results are linearly combined. It is shown that WLP yields a gain in performance if the (noiseless) received signal can be interpreted as the convolution of a real-valued data sequence and an equivalent complex-valued intersymbol interference channel impulse response. Such a model applies to, e.g., amplitude-shift keying, offset quadrature amplitude modulation, and binary minimum-shift keying-type modulation. We consider receivers without and with decision feedback. Finite impulse response filters are derived for these structures, which are optimum with respect to the zero-forcing and minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) criteria, respectively. In the MMSE case, adaptive algorithms for filter adjustment are given. Infinite filter orders are investigated in order to obtain analytical performance results. Furthermore, suboptimum trellis-based detection with widely linear preprocessing is briefly discussed. It is demonstrated analytically and by numerical examples that widely linear schemes may outperform conventional schemes significantly, depending on the considered application.
<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>Lipophosphoglycan Triggers a Selective Upregulation of Cytokines by Human Female Reproductive Tract Epithelial Cells (2006)

Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common nonviral sexually transmitted human infections and, worldwide, has been linked to increased incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, preterm delivery, low birth weight, cervical cancer, and vaginitis. The molecular pathways that are important in initiating host inflammatory and immune responses to T. vaginalis are poorly understood. Here we report interactions of human cervicovaginal epithelial cells with the most abundant cell surface glycoconjugate of the parasite, the T. vaginalis lipophosphoglycan (LPG). Purified LPG mediated the adhesion of parasites to human vaginal epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, T. vaginalis LPG (but not LPG from Tritrichomonas foetus, the causative agent of bovine trichomoniasis) induced a selective upregulation of chemotactic cytokines by human endocervical, ectocervical, and vaginal epithelial cells, which do not express Toll-like receptor 4/MD2. The T. vaginalis LPG triggered interleukin 8 (IL-8), which promotes the adhesion and transmigration of neutrophils across the endothelium, and macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha, which is a chemoattractant for immune cells and is essential for dendritic cell maturation. These effects were dose dependent and sustained in the absence of cytotoxicity and IL-1beta release and utilized, at least in part, a signaling pathway independent from the Toll-like/IL-1 receptor adaptor protein MyD88.
In search of a treatment for HIV – current therapies and the role of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (2012)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), a disease in which the immune system progressively deteriorates, making sufferers vulnerable to all manner of opportunistic infections. Currently, world-wide there are estimated to be 34 million people living with HIV, with the vast majority of these living in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, an important research focus is development of new drugs that can be used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This review gives an overview of the disease and addresses the drugs currently used for treatment, with specific emphasis on new developments within the class of allosteric non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).
A Comparison of Algorithms for Body-Worn Sensor-Based Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters to the GAITRite Electronic Walkway (2012)

This study compares the performance of algorithms for body-worn sensors used with a spatiotemporal gait analysis platform to the GAITRite electronic walkway. The mean error in detection time (true error) for heel strike and toe-off was 33.9 ± 10.4 ms and 3.8 ± 28.7 ms, respectively. The ICC for temporal parameters step, stride, swing and stance time was found to be greater than 0.84, indicating good agreement. Similarly, for spatial gait parameters--stride length and velocity--the ICC was found to be greater than 0.88. Results show good to excellent concurrent validity in spatiotemporal gait parameters, at three different walking speeds (best agreement observed at normal walking speed). The reported algorithms for body-worn sensors are comparable to the GAITRite electronic walkway for measurement of spatiotemporal gait parameters in healthy subjects.
Spatial Models of Sewer Pipe Leakage Predict the Occurrence of Wastewater Indicators in Shallow Urban Groundwater (2016)

Twentieth century municipal wastewater infrastructure greatly improved U.S. urban public health and water quality. However, sewer pipes deteriorate, and their accumulated structural defects may release untreated wastewater to the environment via acute breaks or insidious exfiltration. Exfiltrated wastewater constitutes a loss of potentially reusable water and delivers a complex and variable mix of contaminants to urban shallow groundwater. Yet, predicting where deteriorated sewers impinge on shallow groundwater has been challenging. Here we develop and test a spatially explicit model of exfiltration probability based on pipe attributes and groundwater elevation without prior knowledge of exfiltrating defect locations. We find that models of exfiltration probability can predict the probable occurrence in underlying shallow groundwater of established wastewater indicators including the artificial sweetener acesulfame, tryptophan-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter, nitrate, and a stable isotope of water (δ<sup>18</sup>O). The strength of the association between exfiltration probability and indicators of wastewater increased when multiple pipe attributes, distance weighting, and groundwater flow direction were considered in the model. The results prove that available sanitary sewer databases and groundwater digital elevation data can be analyzed to predict where pipes are likely leaking and contaminating groundwater. Such understanding could direct sewer infrastructure reinvestment toward water resource protection.
A robust fine granularity scalability using trellis-based predictive leak (2002)

Recently, the MPEG-4 committee has approved the MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (FGS) profile as a streaming video tool. We propose novel techniques to improve further the temporal prediction at the enhancement layer so that coding efficiency is superior to the existing FGS. Our approach utilizes two parameters, the number of bitplanes, /spl beta/ (0/spl les//spl beta//spl les/maximal number of bitplanes), and the amount of predictive leak, /spl alpha/ (0/spl les//spl alpha//spl les/1), to control the construction of the reference frame at the enhancement layer. Parameters /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/ can be selected for each frame to provide tradeoffs between coding efficiency and error drift. Our approach offers a general and flexible framework that allows further optimization. It also includes several well-known motion-compensated FGS techniques as special cases with particular sets of /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/. We analyze the theoretical advantages when /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/ are used, and provide an adaptive technique to select /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/, which yields an improved performance as compared to that of fixed parameters. An identical technique is applied to the base layer for further improvement. Our experimental results show over 4 dB improvements in coding efficiency using the MPEG-4 testing conditions. Removal of error propagation is demonstrated with several typical channel transmission scenarios.
General-structured unknown input observers (2005)

Using the framework of the general structured observer, we present a straightforward procedure for designing an unknown input observer (UIO) for a linear system subject to unknown inputs or uncertain disturbances. Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the transmission zeros are provided for the existence of a full-order UIO capable of producing an asymptotic estimate of the state. Moreover, an extension of the UIO, called the extended UIO, is developed to estimate both the system state and the unknown input simultaneously. Experimental results for a DC servo motor system demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodologies.
Seasonal Variation of Critical Thermal Limits and Temperature Tolerance in Formosan and Eastern Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2004)

Abstract Critical temperatures and the upper lethal limit (ULL) of field collected workers of Formosan subterranean, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), were measured monthly from September 2001 to August 2002. Monthly mean critical thermal maxima (CTMa), ULL, and critical thermal minimum (CTMin) fluctuated significantly throughout the year. Seasonal variations of CTMax and ULL of both species were slightly, but significantly, statistically correlated with seasonal variation of habitat soil temperatures at 15-cm depth. Regression analyses revealed a significant linear relationship between CTMin and habitat temperatures for both termites as well. The two termite species responded positively to temperature changes in a similar manner. The values of all three parameters were significantly greater for C. formosanus (CTMax: 44.8–45.9°C, ULL: 49.1–50.4°C, CTMin: 7.2–9.0°C) than R. flavipes (CTMax: 43.5–44.9°C, ULL: 46.9–48.3°C, CTMin: 1.0–4.9°C). R. flavipes had a wider range between the upper and lower critical temperatures than C. formosanus. The three thermal tolerance parameters were not correlated with worker body mass. The significance of the critical and lethal temperatures and comparisons with previous studies are discussed.
3D Object Recognition Based On Constrained 2D Views (1998)

The aim of the present work was to build a novel 3D object recognition system capable of classifying man-made and natural objects based on single 2D views. The approach to this problem has been one motivated by recent theories on biological vision and multiresolution analysis. The project's objectives were the implementation of a system that is able to deal with simple 3D scenes and constitutes an engineering solution to the problem of 3D object recognition, allowing the proposed recognition system to operate in a practically acceptable time frame. The developed system takes further the work on automatic classification of marine phytoplank- (ons, carried out at the Centre for Intelligent Systems, University of Plymouth. The thesis discusses the main theoretical issues that prompted the fundamental system design options. The principles and the implementation of the coarse data channels used in the system are described. A new multiresolution representation of 2D views is presented, which provides the classifier module of the system with coarse-coded descriptions of the scale-space distribution of potentially interesting features. A multiresolution analysis-based mechanism is proposed, which directs the system's attention towards potentially salient features. Unsupervised similarity-based feature grouping is introduced, which is used in coarse data channels to yield feature signatures that are not spatially coherent and provide the classifier module with salient descriptions of object views. A simple texture descriptor is described, which is based on properties of a special wavelet transform. The system has been tested on computer-generated and natural image data sets, in conditions where the inter-object similarity was monitored and quantitatively assessed by human subjects, or the analysed objects were very similar and their discrimination constituted a difficult task even for human experts. The validity of the above described approaches has been proven. The studies conducted with various statistical and artificial neural network-based classifiers have shown that the system is able to perform well in all of the above mentioned situations. These investigations also made possible to take further and generalise a number of important conclusions drawn during previous work carried out in the field of 2D shape (plankton) recognition, regarding the behaviour of multiple coarse data channels-based pattern recognition systems and various classifier architectures. The system possesses the ability of dealing with difficult field-collected images of objects and the techniques employed by its component modules make possible its extension to the domain of complex multiple-object 3D scene recognition. The system is expected to find immediate applicability in the field of marine biota classification.
Nonmuscle myosin IIB regulates Parkin-mediated mitophagy associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked TDP-43 (2020)

C-terminal fragments of Tar DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) have been identified as the major pathological protein in several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, how they affect cellular toxicity and neurodegeneration, including the modulation process remains unknown. This study revealed that the C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 (TDP-25) was localized primarily to mitochondria and caused abnormal mitochondrial morphology, inducing Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Also, we discovered that the knockdown of selective autophagy receptors, such as TAX1BP, Optineurin, or NDP52 caused TDP-25 accumulation, indicating that TDP-25 was degraded by mitophagy. Interestingly, myosin IIB, a nonmuscle type of myosin and actin-based motor protein, is mostly colocalized to TDP-25 associated with abnormal mitochondria. In addition, myosin IIB inhibition by siRNA or blebbistatin induced mitochondrial accumulation of insoluble TDP-25 and Tom20, and reduced neuronal cell viability. Our results suggest a novel role of myosin IIB in mitochondrial degradation of toxic TDP-25. Therefore, we proposed that regulating myosin IIB activity might be a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases associated with TDP-43 pathology.