gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic functions of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells (2020)

To develop a novel intestinal drug absorption system using intestinal epithelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the cells must possess sufficient pharmacokinetic functions. However, the CYP3A4/5 activities of human iPS cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells prepared using conventional differentiation methods is low. Further, studies of the CYP3A4/5 activities of human iPS-derived and primary small intestinal cells are not available. To fill this gap in our knowledge, here we used forskolin to develop a new differentiation protocol that activates adenosine monophosphate signaling. mRNA expressions of human iPS cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells, such as small intestine markers, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and drug transporters, were comparable to or greater than those of the adult small intestine. The activities of CYP3A4/5 in the differentiated cells were equal to those of human primary small intestinal cells. The differentiated cells had P-glycoprotein and PEPT1 activities equivalent to those of Caco-2 cells. Differentiated cells were superior to Caco-2 cells for predicting the membrane permeability of drugs that were absorbed through a paracellular pathway and via drug transporters. In summary, here we produced human iPS cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells with CYP3A4/5 activities equivalent to those of human primary small intestinal cells.
Non-coherent detection of slow-moving targets in high-resolution sea clutter (2004)

The radar detection of targets in the presence of sea clutter has historically relied heavily upon the radial velocity of targets with respect to the radar platform, either by estimating the relative target Dopplers (such as for STAP) or by examining the path which targets traverse from scan to scan. However, for targets with little or no radial velocity component, it can become quite difficult to differentiate targets from the surrounding sea clutter. The paper addresses the detection of slow-moving targets in sea clutter and develops an approach for the non-coherent detection of such targets when high range resolution is available.
Selective tungsten deposition (1993)

In this chapter simulation results of selective tungsten deposition in a cold wall single wafer reactor will be presented. This process has received widespread attention in past years [5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6], since it potentially offers drastic process simplification for filling vias and contact holes with a highly conductive tungsten plug without depositing the metal on adjacent silicon oxide regions. Nevertheless today there are still a large number of processing problems which have prevented so far the general acceptance of selective tungsten in IC manufacturing despite its unquestioned advantages concerning cost and process simplifications.
Lymphatic response to depilation‐induced inflammation in mouse ear assessed with label‐free optical lymphangiography (2015)

Our experimental results demonstrate that the OMAG-based optical lymphangiography has great potential to improve the understanding of lymphatic system in response to various physiological conditions, thus would benefit the development of effective therapeutics.
Low-threshold parametric nonlinear optics with quasi-phase-matched whispering-gallery modes (2003)

We propose to fabricate a toroidal dielectric cavity from a periodically poled χ(2) nonlinear material (e.g., LiNbO3) to achieve efficient interaction among high-Q whispering-gallery modes. We show that the periodic poling allows for suppression of both material and cavity dispersion. Such a cavity might be a basic element of a family of efficient nonlinear devices operating at a broad range of optical wavelengths.
Flexible thermal laminate (1977)

Lightweight flexible laminate of interwoven conducting and insulating yarns, designed to provide localized controlled heating for propellant tanks on space vehicles, is useful for nonspace applications where weight, bulk, and flexibility are critical concerns.
Highly Efficient Elliptic Curve Crypto-Processor with Parallel GF(2m) Field Multipliers (2006)

This study presents a high performance GF(2<sup>m</sup>) Elliptic Curve Crypto-processor architecture. The proposed architecture exploits parallelism at the projective coordinate level to perform parallel field multiplications. In the proposed architecture, normal basis representation is used. Comparisons between the Projective, Jacobian and Mixed coordinate systems using sequential and parallel designs are presented. Results show that parallel designs using normal basis gives better area-time complexity (AT<sup>2</sup>) than sequential designs by 33-252% which leads to a wide range of design tradeoffs. The results also show that mixed coordinate system is the best in both sequential and parallel designs and gives the least number of multiplications levels when using 3 multipliers and the best AT<sup>2</sup> when using only 2 multipliers.
Portable Ultracapacitor-Based Power Source for Emergency Starting of Internal Combustion Engines (2014)

An original ultracapacitor (UC) based compact electric power source is introduced in the paper. The device employs the synergy between rich energy content of vehicle lead-acid batteries and power capabilities of UCs to allow emergency starting of internal combustion engine in case of a weak battery. The UC-based power source is capable of charging at low rate from the battery and then providing current burst required for proper engine starting. A prototype is designed employing original power circuitry, and a dedicated algorithm for optimal UC charging is developed. The device is successfully used for diesel engine starting, as shown by experimental results.
A biomaterial-based microparticle vaccine reverses type 1 diabetes in NOD mice (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Geodesic search and retrieval of semi-structured databases (2007)

This paper addresses the learning of search-control knowledge expressed in semi-structured natural language. That knowledge is mined from semi-structured databases and applied to search the same. As is the case with most self-referential systems, this process necessarily addresses the issues of randomization, representation, machine learning, and evolutionary programming. Machine learning becomes pervasive at all levels of representation. That is, the randomization of knowledge necessarily includes that of its representation. Application to the search and retrieval of multimedia databases is suggested.
Multiple Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Bovine Chromosome 6 in the Israeli Holstein Population by a Daughter Design (2001)

Nine Israeli Holstein sire families with 2978 daughters were analyzed for quantitative trait loci effects on chromosome 6 for five milk production traits by a daughter design. All animals were genotyped for 2 markers. The three families with significant effects were genotyped for up to 10 additional markers spanning positions 0-122 cM of BTA6. Two sires were segregating for a locus affecting protein and fat percentage near position 55 cM with an estimated substitution effect of 0.18% protein, which is equivalent to one phenotypic standard deviation. This locus was localized to a confidence interval of 4 cM. One of these sires was also heterozygous for a locus affecting milk, fat, and protein production near the centromere. The hypothesis of two segregating loci was verified by multiple regression analysis. A third sire was heterozygous for a locus affecting milk and protein percentage near the telomeric end of the chromosome. Possible candidates for the major quantitative gene near position 55 cM were determined by comparative mapping. IBSP and SSP1 were used as anchors for the orthologous region on human chromosome 4. Twelve genes were detected within a 2-Mbp sequence. None of these genes have been previously associated with lactogenesis.
Five-coordinate H64Q neuroglobin as a ligand-trap antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning (2016)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a leading cause of poisoning deaths worldwide, with no available antidotal therapy. We introduce a potential treatment paradigm for CO poisoning, based on near-irreversible binding of CO by an engineered human neuroglobin (Ngb). Ngb is a six-coordinate hemoprotein, with the heme iron coordinated by two histidine residues. We mutated the distal histidine to glutamine (H64Q) and substituted three surface cysteines with less reactive amino acids to form a five-coordinate heme protein (Ngb-H64Q-CCC). This molecule exhibited an unusually high affinity for gaseous ligands, with a P<sub>50</sub> (partial pressure of O<sub>2</sub> at which hemoglobin is half-saturated) value for oxygen of 0.015 mmHg. Ngb-H64Q-CCC bound CO about 500 times more strongly than did hemoglobin. Incubation of Ngb-H64Q-CCC with 100% CO-saturated hemoglobin, either cell-free or encapsulated in human red blood cells, reduced the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin to 0.11 and 0.41 min, respectively, from ≥200 min when the hemoglobin or red blood cells were exposed only to air. Infusion of Ngb-H64Q-CCC to CO-poisoned mice enhanced CO removal from red blood cells, restored heart rate and blood pressure, increased survival, and was followed by rapid renal elimination of CO-bound Ngb-H64Q-CCC. Heme-based scavenger molecules with very high CO binding affinity, such as our mutant five-coordinate Ngb, are potential antidotes for CO poisoning by virtue of their ability to bind and eliminate CO.
Development of Biomimetic and Bioactive 3D Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration (2013)

Osteochondral tissue is composed of ordered and random biological nanostructures and can, in principal, be classified as a nanocomposite material. Thus, the objective of this research is to develop a novel biomimetic biphasic nanocomposite scaffold via a series of 3D fabricating techniques for osteochondral tissue regeneration. For this purpose, a highly porous Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) bone layer with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-encapsulated Poly(dioxanone) (PDO) nanospheres and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite was photocrosslinked to a Poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEG-DA) cartilage layer containing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-encapsulated PLGA nanospheres. Novel tissue-specific growth factor-encapsulated nanospheres were efficiently fabricated via a wet co-axial electrospraying technique. Integration and porosity of the distinct layers was achieved via co-porogen leaching and ultraviolet (UV) photocrosslinking of water soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and <150 um sodium chloride salt particles providing greater control over pore size and increased surface area. Our in vitro results showed significantly improved human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adhesion and differentiation in bone and cartilage layers, respectively. In addition, we are working on developing a novel table top stereolithography (SL) apparatus for the manufacture of custom designed 3D biomimetic scaffolds with incorporated growth factor encapsulated nanospheres for osteochondral defect repair. Our early-stage SL development has illustrated good corroboration between computer-aided design (CAD) and manufactured constructs with controlled geometry. The ultimate goal of the novel tabletop SL system is the manufacture of patient-specific implantable 3D nanocomposite scaffolds for osteochondral defect repair. The current SL system developed in our lab allows for efficient photocrosslinking of two novel nanocomposite polymeric materials for the manufacture of three-dimensional (3D) osteochondral constructs with good spatiotemporal control of growth factor release in addition to exhibiting similar mechanical properties to that of the native tissues being addressed.
Fourier phase microscopy with white light (2013)

Laser-based Fourier phase microscopy (FPM) works on the principle of decomposition of an image field in two spatial components that can be controllably shifted in phase with respect to each other. However, due to the coherent illumination, the contrast in phase images is degraded by speckles. In this paper we present FPM with spatially coherent white light (wFPM), which offers high spatial phase sensitivity due to the low temporal coherence and high temporal phase stability due to common path geometry. Further, by using a fast spatial light modulator (SLM) and a fast scientific-grade complementary metal oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) camera, we report imaging at a maximum rate of 12.5 quantitative phase frames per second with 5.5 mega pixels image size. We illustrate the utility of wFPM as a contrast enhancement as well as dynamic phase measurement method by imaging section of benign colonic glands and red blood cell membrane fluctuation.
Genetic organization of the bacterial conjugative transposon Tn916 (1988)

Tn916, which encodes resistance to tetracycline, is a 16.4-kilobase conjugative transposon originally identified on the chromosome of Streptococcus faecalis DS16. The transposon has been cloned in Escherichia coli on plasmid vectors, where it expresses tetracycline resistance; it can be reintroduced into S. faecalis via protoplast transformation. We have used a lambda::Tn5 bacteriophage delivery system to introduce Tn5 into numerous sites within Tn916. The Tn5 insertions had various effects on the behavior of Tn916. Some insertions eliminated conjugative transposition but not intracellular transposition, and others eliminated an excision step believed to be essential for both types of transposition. A few inserts had no effect on transposon behavior. Functions were mapped to specific regions on the transposon.
Device for correcting the frequency response of an electromechanical transducer (1979)

First Page
High-frequency characteristics of low-temperature pseudo-heterojunction bipolar transistors (1993)

The high-frequency characteristics of a pseudojunction bipolar transistor (pseudo-HBT), which operates like an HBT despite a metallurgical homojunction utilizing a bandgap narrowing effect, are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Several design features used to achieve a high cutoff frequency at low temperatures are discussed. They include (1) a low-impurity-concentration graft base, (2) an abrupt base profile to obtain a large effective-bandgap difference between the base and the emitter, and (3) an inversely graded base profile, in which the impurity concentration increases from the emitter side to the collector side, to effectively reduce the base transit time. The pseudo-HBT with a low-concentration graft base shows a higher cutoff frequency below 100 K than at room temperature. These features are also appropriate for conventional bipolar transistors operating at low temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capillary-discharge-based portable detector for chemical vapor monitoring (2003)

Conventional portable instruments for sensing chemical vapors have certain limitations for on-site use. In this article, we develop a genuinely portable detector that is sensitive, powerful, rugged, of simple design, and with very low power needs. Such a detector is based on a dry-cell battery-powered, capillary-discharge-based, microplasma source with optical emission detection. The microscale plasma source has very special features such as low thermal temperature and very low power needs. These features make it possible for the plasma source to be powered with a small dry-cell battery. A specially designed discharge chamber with minielectrodes can be configured to enhance the plasma stability and the system performance. A very small amount of inert gas can be used as sample carrier and plasma supporting gas. Inert gases possess high excitation potentials and produce high-energy metastable particles in the plasma. These particles provide sufficient energy to excite chemical species through Penning ionization and/or energy transfer from metastable species. A molecular emission spectrum can be collected with a palm-sized spectrometer through a collimated optical fiber. The spectrum can be displayed on a notebook computer. With this design and arrangement, the new detector provides high sensitivity for organic chemical species. The advantages and features of the newly developed detector include high sensitivity, simple structure, low cost, universal response, very low power consumption, compact volume with field portable capability, and ease of operation.
"Scintisphere" - the shape of things to come in gamma-ray spectroscopy (2002)

This paper presents details of the design and performance of three prototype Scintisphere detectors for use in gamma-ray spectroscopy. In these detectors, spherical CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals, having diameters ranging from 3.4 cm (20 cm/sup 3/) to 8.3 cm (300 cm/sup 3'/), were polished and packed in dry MgO powder. The scintillation light from the crystal was viewed using a single 1 /spl times/ 1 cm/sup 2/ silicon PIN diode. A low-noise preamplifier was also integrated within the detector housing. The measured noise level was equivalent to /spl sim/800 electrons (FWHM). Such a configuration results in a relatively high light-collection efficiency. For example, in the 300 cm/sup 3/ (8.3 cm diameter) detector, an average of /spl sim/10 electron/hole pairs were generated for each keV deposited in the crystal. One of the key features of this detector design is that it minimizes the spatial variations in the light-collection efficiency throughout the detector. Compared with a standard 3-in NaI(Tl) scintillation counter, this leads to a much-improved energy resolution, particularly for photon energies above 1 MeV The results presented in this paper clearly demonstrate that these spherical CsI-photodiode detectors could be used as an ideal replacement for the standard 3-in NaI(Tl) detectors in many applications.
Relative Cooling System: Design and Efficiency (2003)

Cooling systems with liquid for gas turbines that use the relative motion of engine stator with respect to rotor have been called relative cooling systems. This motion actuates the pump for liquid recirculation and the system is encapsulated within the engine rotor. In this manner, the difficult problem of sealing stator/rotor interfaces at high temperature, pressure and relative velocity is circumvented. A first generation of such systems could be manufactured using existing technologies and would boost thermal efficiency of gas turbines by more than 3% compared to the most advanced air-cooling engines. In the end, relative systems would boost temperatures at turbine inlet to stoichiometric levels and therefore increase thermal efficiency of gas turbines by about 8%. Such systems would recover most heat extracted from turbine for cooling and increase the power to size and power to weight ratio of all gas turbines. The appreciated high reliability of this cooling relies on encapsulation within the rotor and will allow widespread use in both ground and aerospace applications.
Advanced Homomorphic Encryption its Applications and Derivatives (AHEAD) (2013)

Abstract : The ultimate goal of the Programming on Encrypted Data (PROCEED) program is to advance the study and design of flexible and efficient techniques for processing encrypted data, outsourcing computation and adding robustness to cryptographic computations. The IBM portion of PROCEED, Advanced Homomorphic Encryption its Applications and Derivatives (AHEAD) is documented in this report. The AHEAD team has developed and implemented new and improved protocols for computing on encrypted data, and a deepened understanding of the foundations of secure computation. This report describes the work performed by IBM Watson Research Center and the subcontractors on this effort, Stanford University and the University of California, San Diego from February 2011 through March 2013.
Design, integration, and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester (2017)

Abstract Every apple destined for the fresh market is picked by the human hand. Despite extensive research over the past four decades, there are no mechanical apple harvesters for the fresh market commercially available, which is a significant concern because of increasing uncertainty about the availability of manual labor and rising production costs. The highly unstructured orchard environment has been a major challenge to the development of commercially viable robotic harvesting systems. This paper reports the design and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester. The approach adopted was to use a low‐cost system to assess required sensing, planning, and manipulation functionality in a modern orchard system with a planar canopy. The system was tested in a commercial apple orchard in Washington State. Workspace modifications and performance criteria are thoroughly defined and reported to help evaluate the approach and guide future enhancements. The machine vision system was accurate and had an average localization time of 1.5 s per fruit. The seven degree of freedom harvesting system successfully picked 127 of the 150 fruit attempted for an overall success rate of 84% with an average picking time of 6.0 s per fruit. Future work will include integration of additional sensing and obstacle detection for improved system robustness.
Targeted Silencing of Anthrax Toxin Receptors Protects against Anthrax Toxins (2014)

Anthrax spores can be aerosolized and dispersed as a bioweapon. Current postexposure treatments are inadequate at later stages of infection, when high levels of anthrax toxins are present. Anthrax toxins enter cells via two identified anthrax toxin receptors: tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) and capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2). We hypothesized that host cells would be protected from anthrax toxins if anthrax toxin receptor expression was effectively silenced using RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Thus, anthrax toxin receptors in mouse and human macrophages were silenced using targeted siRNAs or blocked with specific antibody prior to challenge with anthrax lethal toxin. Viability assays were used to assess protection in macrophages treated with specific siRNA or antibody as compared with untreated cells. Silencing CMG2 using targeted siRNAs provided almost complete protection against anthrax lethal toxin-induced cytotoxicity and death in murine and human macrophages. The same results were obtained by prebinding cells with specific antibody prior to treatment with anthrax lethal toxin. In addition, TEM8-targeted siRNAs also offered significant protection against lethal toxin in human macrophage-like cells. Furthermore, silencing CMG2, TEM8, or both receptors in combination was also protective against MEK2 cleavage by lethal toxin or adenylyl cyclase activity by edema toxin in human kidney cells. Thus, anthrax toxin receptor-targeted RNAi has the potential to be developed as a life-saving, postexposure therapy against anthrax.