gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decellularization of Whole Human Heart Inside a Pressurized Pouch in an Inverted Orientation (2018)

The ultimate solution for patients with end-stage heart failure is organ transplant. But donor hearts are limited, immunosuppression is required, and ultimately rejection can occur. Creating a functional, autologous bio-artificial heart could solve these challenges. Biofabrication of a heart comprised of scaffold and cells is one option. A natural scaffold with tissue-specific composition as well as micro- and macro-architecture can be obtained by decellularizing hearts from humans or large animals such as pigs. Decellularization involves washing out cellular debris while preserving 3D extracellular matrix and vasculature and allowing "cellularization" at a later timepoint. Capitalizing on our novel finding that perfusion decellularization of complex organs is possible, we developed a more "physiological" method to decellularize non-transplantable human hearts by placing them inside a pressurized pouch, in an inverted orientation, under controlled pressure. The purpose of using a pressurized pouch is to create pressure gradients across the aortic valve to keep it closed and improve myocardial perfusion. Simultaneous assessment of flow dynamics and cellular debris removal during decellularization allowed us to monitor both fluid inflow and debris outflow, thereby generating a scaffold that can be used either for simple cardiac repair (e.g. as a patch or valve scaffold) or as a whole-organ scaffold.
Adjustable Speed V-Belt Drives-Mechanical Properties and Design (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper is a theoretical examination of both the manually and automatically regulated adjustable V-belt drive. Simple relations for external axial loads are assumed to show the analytical treatment of various axial loading equipment and the properties attained by the V-belt drive when different equipment are combined. It is demonstrated that some combinations give stable automatic drives while other combinations give unstable drives.</div>
Comparative Genome Analysis of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus fermentum Reveal a Genomic Island for Reuterin and Cobalamin Production (2008)

Lactobacillus reuteri is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium that naturally inhabits the gut of humans and other animals. The probiotic effects of L. reuteri have been proposed to be largely associated with the production of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound reuterin during anaerobic metabolism of glycerol. We determined the complete genome sequences of the reuterin-producing L. reuteri JCM 1112(T) and its closely related species Lactobacillus fermentum IFO 3956. Both are in the same phylogenetic group within the genus Lactobacillus. Comparative genome analysis revealed that L. reuteri JCM 1112(T) has a unique cluster of 58 genes for the biosynthesis of reuterin and cobalamin (vitamin B(12)). The 58-gene cluster has a lower GC content and is apparently inserted into the conserved region, suggesting that the cluster represents a genomic island acquired from an anomalous source. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) with (13)C(3)-glycerol demonstrated that L. reuteri JCM 1112(T) could convert glycerol to reuterin in vivo, substantiating the potential of L. reuteri JCM 1112(T) to produce reuterin in the intestine. Given that glycerol is shown to be naturally present in feces, the acquired ability to produce reuterin and cobalamin is an adaptive evolutionary response that likely contributes to the probiotic properties of L. reuteri.
Oncogenic Transformation by SEI-1 Is Associated with Chromosomal Instability (2005)

Amplification of SEI-1, a cell cycle regulatory gene at 19q13.1, is commonly detected in ovarian cancer, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. In the present study, the oncogenic potential of SEI-1 was shown by anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in nude mice with SEI-1-transfected NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Silencing of SEI-1 gene expression by small interfering RNAs in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 could inhibit cell growth as well as colony formation on soft agar. Chromosomal alterations including the formation of double minutes were observed in tumor cells derived from SEI-1-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Micronulei formation, which is an indicator of nuclear abnormality and genomic instability, was markedly increased in SEI-1-transfected cells. These data suggest that the oncogenic role of SEI-1 might be mediated at least in part via an effect on genomic instability. Furthermore, overexpression of SEI-1 was associated with higher tumor grades and late Fesddration Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes (FIGO) stages in ovarian carcinomas. These data strongly suggest that SEI-1 plays an important role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer.
Atmospheric Water Generator (2016)

An Atmospheric Water Generator is an appliance that employs dehumidification/condensing technology that extracts water from the humidity in the air. The water is then filtered and purified through several filters including carbon, and reverse osmosis, and UV sterilization lights. The result is pure drinking water from the air. An Atmospheric Water Generator Works on the same principle as a refrigerators and air conditioners i.e. on the principle of cooling through evaporation. The Atmospheric water generator works by converting atmospheric air to pressurized air using a Compressor and then this air is then passed through Condenser pipes which decreases it’s temperature to dew point. The air condenses to liquid and is passed through a filtration system and it is then stored in a tank. The major aim or objective of our project is to provide safe and clean drinking water to those areas which are facing water shortage problems or where water transportation through regular means is expensive (especially rural areas). Our project hopes to reduce this problem by providing an atmospheric water generator that will run via bicycle-gear arrangement or stand-alone renewable source of energy i.e. either solar or wind.
Recent advances in multi-layer composite polymeric membranes for CO2 separation: A review (2016)

The development of multilayer composite membranes for CO2 separation has gained increasing attention due to the desire for energy efficient technologies. Multilayer composite membranes have many advantages, including the possibility to optimize membrane materials independently by layers according to their different functions and to reduce the overall transport resistance by using ultrathin selective layers, and less limitations on the material mechanical properties and processability. A comprehensive review is required to capture details of the progresses that have already been achieved in developing multilayer composite membranes with improved CO2 separation performance in the past 15â20 years. In this review, various composite membrane preparation methods were compared, advances in composite membranes for CO2/CH4 separation, CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 separation were summarized with detailed data, and challenges facing for the CO2 separation using composite membranes, such as aging, plasticization and long-term stability, were discussed. Finally the perspectives and future research directions for composite membranes were presented. Keywords: Composite membrane, CO2 separation, Membrane fabrication, Membrane aging, Long-term stability
Mechanism of insulin aggregation and stabilization in agitated aqueous solutions (1992)

Undesirable aggregation of aqueous insulin solutions remains a serious obstacle in the development of alternative methods of diabetes therapy. We investigated the fundamental nature of the aggregation mechanism and proposed stabilization strategies based on a mathematical model for the reaction scheme. Insulin aggregation kinetics in the presence of solid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces were monitored using UV spectroscopy and quasielastic light scattering (QELS). Experimental observations were consistent with our model of monomer denaturation at hydrophobic surfaces followed by the formation of stable intermediate species which facilitated subsequent macroaggregation. The model was used to predict qualitative trends in insulin aggregation behavior, to propose stabilization strategies, and to elucidate mechanisms of stabilization. In the absence of additives, insulin solutions aggregated completely (more than 95% of the soluble protein lost) within 24 h; with sugar-based nonionic detergents, no detectable loss occurred for more than 6 weeks.
Micronuclei induced by modulators of methylation: analogs of 5-azacytidine (1995)

Jones and coworkers demonstrated a qualitative correlation between 5-azacytidine and some of its analogs in inducing changes in cell morphology and their ability in preventing DNA methylation. Previously, we evaluated the same compounds to determine their ability to induce trifluorothymidine (TFT) resistance in L5178Y mouse cells and found that their mutagenic potency also correlated with their reported ability to induce morphological changes in C3H10T1/2 cells. Here, we examine four of the same analogs, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-azacytidine, 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine and 6-azacytidine, to find out if micronuclei induced by these compounds correlated with these effects. The most cytotoxic analog was 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, followed by 5-azacytidine. 5,6-Dihydro-5-azacytidine and 6-azacytidine were substantially less cytotoxic. All four compounds induced micronuclei. The lowest dose ranges at which responses were observed for micronucleus induction were -0.04 microM for 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, 0.2 microM for 5-azacytidine and 10-20 microM for 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine and 6-azacytidine. Lack of kinetochore staining in most of the micronuclei indicated that all four compounds were clastogenic. We note a general trend in the biological activity of these analogs: compounds that are specifically blocked at the 5 position such as 5-azacytidine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine effect changes in cell morphology, cytotoxicity, TFT resistance and the induction of micronuclei at very low doses. 5-Azacytidine analogs that possess more chemically accessible 5 positions such as 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine and 6-azacytidine either require doses that are orders of magnitude greater to induce these effects or are unable to induce changes in cell morphology and TFT resistance at doses below which the compound is lethal to the cells.
Trimethylenemethane‐Ruthenium(II)‐Triphos Complexes as Highly Active Catalysts for Catalytic CO Bond Cleavage Reactions of Lignin Model Compounds (2012)

R u ready for it yet? The reaction of [Ru(cod)(methallyl)2] with tripodal phosphine ligands of the TRIPHOS-type results in the formation of Ru-trimethylenemethane complexes. Evaluation of their catalytic properties revealed a high activity for hydrogen transfer and CO cleavage reactions including the hydrogen-free reductive cleavage of 2-aryloxy-1-arylethanols as model compounds for lignin linkages. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Resilient connections for SSH and TLS (2006)

Disconnection of an SSH shell or a secure application session due to network outages or travel is a familiar problem to many Internet users today. In this paper, we extend the SSH and TLS protocols to support re-silient connections that can span several sequential TCP connections. The extensions allow sessions to survive both changes in IP addresses and long periods of discon-nection. Our design emphasizes deployability in real-world environments, and addresses many of the chal-lenges identified in previous work, including assump-tions made about network middleboxes such as firewalls and NATs. We have also implemented the extensions in the OpenSSH and PureTLS software packages and tested them in practice. 1
High-luminosity organic-dye-dispersed inorganic electroluminescent panel (2007)

A novel high-luminosity organic-dye-dispersed inorganic electroluminescent (EL) panel is developed using a printing technique. An EL panel, having a Coumarin6-doped phosphor layer, was manufactured, which is expected to increase the efficiency of distributed-type inorganic EL panels. Therefore, a panel having a higher luminosity than conventional inorganic EL panels was obtained.
Allelic variation in the <i>erythropoietin receptor</i> gene is associated with uterine capacity and litter size in swine* (2005)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; C vs. T) that creates an extra GATA-1 site (T allele) in intron 4 of the swine erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) gene was discovered and a genotyping assay for this SNP was developed. A total of 402 gilts from lines selected either at random (control), for ovulation rate (OR) or for uterine capacity (UC) for 11 generations were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (UHO) at 160 days of age, mated at approximately 250 days of age and slaughtered at 105 days of pregnancy. Blood samples and spleens were collected from each foetus and the numbers of corpora lutea (CL) and live foetuses, the weights of each foetus and placenta, and each foetal haematocrit were recorded. In addition, intact gilts from the OR line or from a Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc, crossbred line (BX) were mated and farrowed. At farrowing, the numbers of fully formed and live piglets were recorded for each litter. Genomic DNA was isolated for both the UHO and intact gilts, from foetuses from the UHO gilts that were heterozygous for the EPOR SNP, and from the boars from the BX line and were then used to determine EPOR SNP genotypes. Only CC and CT gilts were observed in the control, OR and UC selected lines. Presence of the EPOR T allele was associated (P < 0.05) with increased UC in these gilts. The number of heterozygous and homozygous foetuses did not differ within UHO litters, or did EPOR genotype influence foetal haematocrit. In intact gilts from the OR line, litter size was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with EPOR SNP genotype. Finally, results from intact gilts of the BX line, in which both the gilt and the boar genotypes were known, allowed an analysis to determine the effect of the gilt and/or the foetal genotype on litter size. This analysis indicated that the predicted foetal genotype (with gilt genotype as covariate) was associated with litter size (an increase of 2.6 +/- 1.0 piglets born alive predicted for homozygous T litters compared with homozygous C litters, P < 0.01) whereas the effect of the gilt genotype (adjusted for foetal genotype) on litter size was not significant. These results indicate that the EPOR SNP is associated with UC and litter size in two distinct populations and could be useful in increasing litter size in swine that are not limited in OR.
Induction of apoptosis in nutrient‐deprived cultures of hybridoma and myeloma cells (1994)

In the present study, cell death was investigated in cultures of NS/0 myelomas and SP2/0-derived D5 hybridomas through morphological examination of cells stained with acridine orange and ethidium bromide. The relative contribution of elevated levels of lactic acid and ammonia, as well as deprivation of glutamine, cystine, and glucose on the induction of necrosis or apoptosis, was investigated. In batch culture of D5 hybridoma cells, induction of apoptotic cell death correlated with the exhaustion of glutamine, while in the case of NS/0 myelomas, it coincided with exhaustion of cystine. To determine whether limiting nutrients were the actual triggering factors for apoptosis in batch culture, exponentially growing cells were resuspended in glutamine or cystine-free media. Within 30 to 40 h, viability decreased to 50% and the nonviable cell population displayed typical apoptotic morphology, with crescents of condensed chromatin around the periphery of the nucleus, or with the entire nucleus present as one or a group of featureless, brightly staining spherical beads. Similarly, D5 hybridomas and NS/0 myelomas cultivated in glucose-free medium died mainly from apoptosis. Cells were also cultivated in fresh medium supplemented with elevated concentrations of ammonia (3.0 mM) and/or lactate (35 mM, 50 mM). This resulted in decreased viabilities and necrotic death in both cell lines. From these results, we conclude that D5 hybridomas and NS/0 myelomas deprived of essential nutrients die by apoptosis, whereas incubation in the presence of elevated levels of metabolic byproducts such as ammonia and lactate will induce necrotic cell death in these cells.
Absence of G(i) proteins in the Sf9 insect cell. Characterization of the uncoupled recombinant N-formyl peptide receptor. (1992)

We investigated the interaction of the N-formyl peptide receptor (NFPR) with G proteins in infected Sf9 insect cells expressing the recombinant NFPR. Recombinant receptor expression of up to 27 pmol/mg protein was achieved in these cells. The receptor was recognized by an antiserum raised against an NFPR carboxyl-terminal peptide, and displayed specific and saturable binding of the formyl peptide ligand fMet-Leu-[3H]Phe. Scatchard analysis of the binding data yielded a dissociation constant of approximately 62 nM, a binding affinity of 60- to 120-fold lower than that of the high affinity sites in neutrophils and in transfected mammalian cell lines expressing the NFPR. That this low binding affinity was due to a lack of receptor coupling to G protein was suggested by the failure of guanine nucleotides to regulate receptor affinity and by the lack of formyl peptide-stimulated GTPase activity in these cells. Furthermore, immunoblotting with an anti-G(i) antibody and ADP-ribosylation experiments indicated that the approximately 40-kDa G(i) alpha subunit, which couples to the NFPR in neutrophils, is not present in Sf9 cell membranes. Thus, the current study provides for the first time evidence that a major G protein is absent in the Sf9 insect cells. Potential applications of the Sf9 system for in vitro reconstitution of the NFPR-G protein interaction are discussed.
Line-profile and critical-dimension correlation between a normal-incidence optical CD metrology system and SEM (2002)

Process tolerances for critical dimensions are becoming increasingly severe as lithographic technology drives the minimum integrated-circuit feature size toward 0.1 micrometers and below. In response, Optical Critical Dimension metrology (OCD), an optical-wavelength light-diffraction technique, is currently undergoing an industry-wide evaluation as a fast, accurate, and non-destructive sub-100nm line-width monitor. As such, effective process monitoring requires detailed understanding of the correlation between CD-SEM and the OCD measurements. Correlation in CD measurements between the OCD technique and SEM techniques is investigated in this paper by measuring photo-resist gratings on a polysilicon gate film stack. Intra-grating CD variation is shown to account for scatter in the correlation plot. A positive offset in the correlation is also observed and a mechanism is proposed to account for the discrepancy. Correlation between CD-SEM and OCD is also demonstrated for samples with three different pitch sizes. A qualitative line-profile correlation between cross-section SEM (X-SEM) and OCD is presented for photoresist gratings in a Focus Exposure Matrix (FEM).
Relapsing and remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: A focused response to the encephalitogenic peptide rather than epitope spread (1997)

The progression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in certain mouse strains has been reported to involve a broadening of the response to myelin antigens, apparently resulting from priming to endogenous determinants of the myelin sheath. The phenomenon has been termed determinant spread. Interest in this effect has centered on the mechanism it offers to explain the progressive, relapsing and remitting course of EAE and indeed of multiple sclerosis. We have conducted a systematic, longitudinal study in SJL mice to look for determinant spread during relapsing and remitting EAE, correlating epitope recognition and cytokine production with disease severity. Disease was induced using three of the four encephalitogenic proteolipid protein or myelin basic protein epitopes, and responses to each of four epitopes recognized by SJL T cells were tracked through acute disease, remission and relapse. The responses of lymph node cells, splenocytes and central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating T cells were analyzed. While marginal, transient responses to secondary epitopes were detectable in splenocytes, CNS-infiltrating cells showed a dominant response to the original disease-inducing epitope without evidence of a shift to other determinants during relapse. Disease relapse was correlated with an increase in CNS-infiltrating cells and a high proliferative and interferon (IFN)-gamma response to the disease-inducing peptide. During remission, there was a decrease in numbers of cells infiltrating the CNS. These cells were down-regulated, showing low if any response to the myelin peptides tested as measured by proliferation, production of IFN-gamma or production of IL-4. Our findings argue strongly against a causal role for determinant spread in disease relapse as observed in these models of EAE.
High density EMI mitigation solution using active approaches (2017)

Passive EMI filters occupy significant volume in a power converter. This work involves the study of utilizing Active EMI Filters (AEF) and Hybrid EMI Filters (HEF) to reduce the volume of passive filters. The DUT under consideration is a 30 W AC-DC converter. Since the power level less than 65 W it does not have a PFC stage. In this work, noise sensing is carried out using voltage sensing methodology. The applicability of the sensing method to sense noise and its relation to the maximum possible attenuation is studied. Noise sensing networks comprising the high voltage capacitors and high pass filter networks to are designed for sensing noise on AC and Dc side. For noise cancellation, feedback control scheme with both voltage and current cancellation topologies are employed separately. The possible value reduction of passive components for both topologies of AEF are identified.