gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tri-axial hybrid (passive-active) vibration isolator using single crystal piezoelectric actuators (2005)

Results are presented for a laboratory study of a tri-axis hybrid (active-passive) vibration isolator. A previous report [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112 (2002)] described control studies performed using single-axis control. It identified the optimum physical control law by examining the placement order within the device consisting of a passive compliant spring, sensing layer, and piezoelectric actuator. Additionally, actuator materials were evaluated by examining the performance levels of three piezoelectric materials having different nonlinearity values: PZT-4, PZT-5A, and PMN-PT single crystal. The study described here extends this previous work to the required, more complicated case of three-axis control. Described are the development, design, and fabrication of a hybrid device that demonstrates stable, robust, and reproducible ‘‘local’’ vibration reductions of ∼30−−45 dB simultaneously in all three excitation axes. These results are found for both single and multiple tone tri-axis disturbances and with negligible out-of-band enhancement, where the total harmonic distortion of the system is less than 0.25%. The control approach, using base acceleration minimization, demonstrates ∼35 dB of ‘‘downstream’’ performance, which is ∼25 dB higher than that of the passive element alone. The device is sufficiently small and simple to fabrication that it offers potential for being used in practical applications.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of <i>N</i>-(2-Oxo-3-oxetanyl)amides as <i>N</i>-Acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing Acid Amidase Inhibitors (2010)

The fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) are a family of bioactive lipid mediators that include the endogenous agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). FAEs are hydrolyzed intracellularly by either fatty acid amide hydrolase or N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA). Selective inhibition of NAAA by (S)-N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)-3-phenylpropionamide [(S)-OOPP, 7a] prevents PEA degradation in mouse leukocytes and attenuates responses to proinflammatory stimuli. Starting from the structure of 7a, a series of beta-lactones was prepared and tested on recombinant rat NAAA to explore structure-activity relationships (SARs) for this class of inhibitors and improve their in vitro potency. Following the hypothesis that these compounds inhibit NAAA by acylation of the catalytic cysteine, we identified several requirements for recognition at the active site and obtained new potent inhibitors. In particular, (S)-N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide (7h) was more potent than 7a at inhibiting recombinant rat NAAA activity (7a, IC(50) = 420 nM; 7h, IC(50) = 115 nM) in vitro and at reducing carrageenan-induced leukocyte infiltration in vivo.
Amino acid sequence of rat kidney glutathione synthetase. (1995)

Glutathione (GSH) synthetase [gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.2.3], an enzyme present in almost all cells, catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of GSH from gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine and glycine. Highly purified preparations of the enzyme have been obtained from rat kidney and several lower forms. The rat kidney enzyme (M(r), 118,000), which contains approximately 2% carbohydrate, is composed of two apparently identical subunits. The cDNA encoding rat kidney GSH synthetase was isolated from a rat kidney lambda gt11 cDNA library by immunoscreening with an antibody prepared against the isolated enzyme. The cDNA contains 1905 nucleotides and an open reading frame of 1422 nucleotides coding for 474 amino acids. The cDNA has a 3' untranslated region of 439 nucleotides, which includes a poly(A) tail. The deduced amino acid sequence (M(r), 52,344) contains all five of the peptide sequences that were independently determined by Edman degradation. The cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence of the rat kidney enzyme has no significant similarity to that of the enzyme from E. coli and shows some similarity to those deduced for the yeast and frog enzymes. Knowledge of this amino acid sequence is expected to facilitate elucidation of the sequence of the corresponding human enzyme and to lead to studies on the biochemical mechanisms involved in human GSH synthetase deficiency as well as to development of improved methods for prenatal diagnosis of these inborn diseases.
A New Vaccine Paradigm To Break Tolerance with Potential Applications for the Immunotherapy of B Cell Lymphoma. (2004)

Abstract Complement (C) plays a critical role in the immune response by opsonizing immune complexes (IC) and thymus-independent type 2 antigens with C3 breakdown product C3dg. We investigated the in vivo fate and handling in mice of anti-CR1/CR2 mAb 7G6. We used this rat IgG mAb as a surrogate for C3dg-opsonized IC; mAb 7G6 binds to CR1/CR2 with high affinity, blocks C3dg binding and saturates mouse B cell CR2 at inputs of only 2 ug. RIA, flow cytometry, and fluorescence immunohistochemistry were used to examine the disposition of 0.5–2 ug quantities of mAb 7G6 infused i.v. in mice. The mAb binds to circulating B cells and in the spleen binds preferentially to marginal zone (MZ) B cells. However, within 24 h MZ B cells relocate and transfer the mAb to regions rich in follicular dendritic cells (FDC). Localization of intact antigen to FDC should induce a substantial immune response, and therefore we immunized mice and monkeys i.v. with low doses (1–20 ug/kg) of prototype antigens constructed with anti-CR1/2 mAb 7G6 or anti-CR2 mAb HB135, respectively. We observed a strong immune response characterized by early development of IgG antibodies and long-lasting immunity extending out to at least one year. We applied our immunization paradigm to mouse IgG idiotypes, based on i.v. infusion of mouse IgG2a mAbs which were cross-linked with mAb 7G6. The purpose of these experiments was to determine if tolerance can be broken in order to develop a more powerful vaccine strategy to induce a cytotoxic humoral immune response to malignant B cells based on targeting the idiotype of immunoglobulin molecules expressed on their surfaces. I.V. immunization with the constructs indeed generated a mouse IgG1 immune response to two different mouse IgG2a mAbs, as demonstrated by ELISA. The immune response was idiotype specific, but some anti-isotype antibodies were also detected. Moreover, sera from immunized mice immunoprecipitated the specific radiolabeled mouse mAbs in the presence of 7.5% polyethylene glycol. This humoral immune response was also demonstrable in flow cytometry assays in which IgG1 in sera of immunized mice bound to erythrocytes opsonized with bispecific mAb constructs consisting of the IgG2a mAb crosslinked with an anti-CR1 mAb. The present approach, based on coupling the targeted immunoglobulin to an anti-CR2 mAb for delivery to FDC, may lead to a more effective immunotherapeutic vaccine compared to methods currently in clinical trials which require use of glutaraldehyde to effect crosslinking of the targeted immunoglobulin to KLH.
Extending bandgap of air-core photonic bandgap fibers (2010)

Air-core photonic bandgap fibers offer many unique properties and are critical to many emerging applications. A notable property is the high nonlinear threshold which is the key for applications at high peak powers. The strong interaction of light and air is also essential for a number of emerging applications, especially those based on nonlinear interactions and spectroscopy. For many of those applications, much wider transmission bandwidths are desired to accommodate a wider tuning range or a large number of optical wavelengths involved. All demonstrated air-core photonic bandgap fibers so far have a cladding of hexagonal lattice. The densely packed geometry of hexagonal stacking does not allow large nodes in the cladding, which are essential for a further increase of photonic bandgaps. On the other hand, a photonic cladding with a square lattice can potentially provide much larger nodes and consequently wider bandgap. In this work, the potentials of much wider bandgap with square lattice cladding are theoretically studied.
Testing and Qualification of a New Multiphase Flow Simulator (2011)

Abstract This paper presents test cases, methodologies, and test results from the extensive testing and qualification program that have been conducted with LedaFlow®. This new transient multiphase flowline simulator has been built with focus on multiphase flow challenges in the oil and gas industry, and the resulting software includes both transient 1D and quasi 3D multiphase models. Development has been based both on existing and new large-scale experimental data from the SINTEF multiphase laboratory, taken over a nearly ten-year period. The focus of this paper is the transient 1D model. The transient three-phase 1D simulator offers new modeling capabilities as it is based on a model concept conserving mass for 9 fields (bubbles, droplets, and continuous fluids), using three momentum equations, and solving for the enthalpy and temperature of the three individual fluid zones. Improved closure relations have been built from a combination of new large-scale multiphase flow experiments and sub-models which represents the distribution of droplets over the pipe cross section. Before introduction of this new tool to the industry, it was taken through an extensive testing and qualification program. The testing included comparison with experimental data (over 10,000 experimental points) and field data (over a dozen pipelines and wells, from wet-gas to oil), as well as comparisons to other commercially available software. Another part of the testing was focused on typical flow assurance user cases; transient simulations such as turn-down, shut-down, start-up and depressurization were run for a number of realistic field geometries. The new multiphase flow simulator reproduces experimental data and field data within defined acceptance criteria. This new multiphase flow software can be used as an alternative to other commercially available software and as a valuable new tool for flow assurance work for field development, operational studies and decision support. Introduction The development of the new transient multiphase flow simulator, with both one- and multi-dimensional capabilities has been ongoing for almost a decade. The goal of the development has been to meet industry needs for improved and alternative simulation of fluids management and related flow assurance issues in oil/gas production and processing operations. LedaFlow® is composed of a suite of models, including a complete one-dimensional transient model with compositional tracking and network solver. Figure 1 illustrates the three main phases of the development project and focus areas in each phase. The first phase of the project was primarily focused on extensive testing at the SINTEF Multiphase Flow Laboratory. The extensive test campaign was conducted in a 12-inch loop for 2-phase flow, and an 8-inch loop for 3-phase flow (Danielson et al, 2005). New 1D data was acquired for hold-up, pressure gradient, and flow regime. These data are exclusive available for development of the new multiphase simulator and filled data gaps in the existing SINTEF Tilda database, which now in total includes more than 10,000 data points.
Directly sputtered stress-compensated carbon protective layer for silicon stencil masks (1999)

Silicon stencil masks for ion beam projection lithography have a protective layer stopping the ions and thus preventing a change in the Si membrane stress. This is needed to maintain extremely tight pattern placement specifications even when they are irradiated with high exposure doses. The fabrication of carbon protective layers by indirect sputter coating which are suitable for helium ion beam exposure has already been reported. This article describes a method of forming very low stress carbon protective layers based on direct radio frequency sputter coating with nitrogen added to the argon sputter gas and in situ thermal treatment using commercially available equipment. The carbon layers thus produced are stable in conventional environments. The article deals also with the physical characterization of carbon layers and the protection performances of these coatings under helium ion beam exposure using accelerated lifetime testing.
Gas-driven microturbine [Continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 08/773,148] (1999)

The present invention is directed to a means of fabricating a gas-driven microturbine that is capable of providing autonomous propulsion in which the rapidly moving gases are directed through a micromachined turbine to power mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical devices by direct mechanical linkage of turbo-electric generator components in a domain ranging from tenths of micrometers to thousands of micrometers. By optimally selecting monopropellants or bipropellants to be the fuel set, a more efficient gas-driven microturbine can be realized from the increased mass flow rate of the gas stream due to the higher combustion reaction energies of these fuel sets. Additionally, compressed gas can be utilized to provide a high-flow gas stream for the gas-driven microturbine. The present invention is adaptable to many defense and non-defense applications, including the provision of mechanical power for miniature devices such as fans, geared mechanisms, mechanical linkages, actuators, bio-medical procedures, manufacturing, industrial, aviation, computers, safety systems, and electrical generators.
Multilingual text-to-phoneme mapping (2001)

This paper introduces a novel approach for generating multilingual text-to-phoneme mappings for use in multilingual speech recognition systems. The multilingual mappings are based on the weighted outputs from a neural network text-to-phoneme model, trained on data mixed from several languages. The multilingual mappings used together with a branched grammar decoding scheme is able to capture both inter- and intra-language pronunciation variations which is ideal for multilingual speaker independent speech recognition systems. A significant improvement in overall system performance was obtained for a multilingual speaker independent name dialing task when applying multilingual instead of language dependent text-to-phoneme mapping.
Incorporating environmental knowledge into Bayesian filtering using attractor functions (2012)

Many automotive systems use linear approaches to track and predict other traffic participants. While this may be appropriate on highways, linear predictions do not work properly on curved roads or lane crossings. This contribution introduces a generic way for including environmental knowledge - such as the lane trajectory ahead - to anticipate yaw rate and acceleration of other traffic participants. The anticipatory knowledge is used to improve prediction in filtering tasks. It is embedded in a Bayesian framework by introducing attractors, which modify the probabilistic propagation of state estimations. The attractors model how traffic participants typically behave, given environmental knowledge such as lane information, traffic lights, or indicator lights. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by modeling the fact that vehicles usually stay in their lane. We show that given correct context information and nonlinear traffic situations, the tracking error is considerably lower compared to conventional tracking methods. In addition, we also show that the intentions of other traffic participants may be inferred by comparing actual sensory data with anticipated probability distributions, which were generated dependent on alternative attractors.
Bridge to Fuel Cell Molecular Catalysis: 3D Non-Platinum Group Metal Catalyst in MEAs (2012)

Transition metal porphyrin complexes have been mounted in a three dimensional homogenous distribution inside the ionomer of catalyst layers in MEAs to achieve competitive fuel cell catalysis activity. The effect of electrode components including ionomer, carbon, catalyst, and mediator, and ionomer film thickness, is investigated in fuel cell molecular catalysis system. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) durability testing has been conducted. SEM and TEM techniques are employed to investigate molecular catalysis electrode micro- and nano- structure and morphology. To date, surprisingly, the best fuel cell performance, i.e. 1280 mA/cm2 of maximum/short-circuit current density is achieved, approaching that of Pt-based electrode, indicating higher turnover frequencies than Pt although with poorer voltages.
Synthesis of a Val-Pro Diaminodiol Dipeptide Isostere by Epoxyamine Cyclization (2004)

[reaction: see text] The stereoselective synthesis of a novel proline-containing dipeptide isostere is described. Starting from l-valine, three new contiguous stereocenters are generated by asymmetric induction and epoxide chemistry, while the pyrrolidine ring of proline is introduced in the final step via intramolecular ring opening of the amino acid derived epoxyamine. Proline-containing peptidomimetics are potentially attractive as selective inhibitors of proline-specific enzymes, such as PPIases and retroviral proteases, and as analogues of bioactive peptides.
A passive infrared ice detection technique for helicopter applications (1991)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991.
Epigenetic Modification of Plants with Systemic RNA Viruses (2002)

Knowledge of gene function is critical to the development of new plant traits for improved agricultural and industrial applications. Viral expression vectors offer a rapid and proven method to provide epigenetic expression of foreign sequences throughout infected plants. Expression of these sequences from viral vectors can lead to gain- or loss-of-function phenotypes, allowing gene function to be determined by phenotypic or biochemical effects in the infected plant. Tobacco mosaic virus and barley stripe mosaic virus expression vectors have been developed to express foreign gene sequences in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous hosts, respectively. Large-scale application of both viral vector systems for gene function discovery in Nicotiana and barley hosts resulted in high infection rates and produced distinctive visual phenotypes in approximately 5% of transfected plants. Novel genes expressing potential herbicide target proteins in addition to genes promoting stem elongation, leaf development and apical dominance were identified in the large-scale screening. This report illustrates the adaptability of viral vectors for gene function discovery in higher plants.
167 MHz radix-4 floating point multiplier (2002)

An IEEE floating point multiplier with partial support for subnormal operands and results is presented. Radix-4 or modified Booth encoding and a binary tree of 4:2 compressors are used to generate the 53/spl times/53 double-precision product. Delay matching techniques were used in the binary tree stage and in the final addition stage to reduce cycle time. New techniques in rounding and sticky-bit generation were also used to reduce area and timing. The overall multiplier has a latency of 3 cycles a throughput of 1 cycle, and a cycle time of 6.0 ns. This multiplier has been implemented in a 0.5 /spl mu/m static CMOS technology in the UltraSPARC RISC microprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Living Radical Polymerizations with Organic Catalysts (2011)

本報では，筆者らが最近開発した，有機触媒を用いた二種類のリビングラジカル重合を紹介する．それらは，それぞれ，可逆的連鎖移動機構，および，可逆的錯体形成機構という新しい可逆的活性化機構に基づく．機能性モノマーを含む，スチレン類，メタクリレート類，アクリロニトリルの単独重合およびランダム・ブロック共重合で，分子量分布のせまい高分子が得られている．触媒には，ゲルマニウム，リン，窒素，酸素，あるいは炭素を中心元素とする有機分子を用いる．触媒は，高活性で，低毒性で，安価で，取り扱いが容易である特色を有する．本報では，重合の背景，性能，および，反応速度論的特徴を概説する．
Dynamic performance analysis and improvements of a current source converter based PMSM wind energy system (2008)

In a current source converter (CSC) based wind energy system, the dc link current plays an important role in determining the system dynamic performance. This paper proposes two control strategies that can be used to improve the dynamic performance of the dc link current in a CSC wind energy system using permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). State space equations and small-signal models of the system are developed, based on which the system dynamic behavior is investigated. It is demonstrated that the dc current of the proposed wind energy system can be controlled by either the rectifier or the inverter, but the latter provides much better dynamic performance and is therefore recommended for practical implementation. The system performance can be further enhanced by introducing a damping control to suppress possible LC resonances caused by the generator- and grid-side LC filters. Computer simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
Accurate Target Localization by using Artificial Pinnae of brown long-eared bat (2019)

Echolocating bats locate the targets by echolocation. Many theoretical frameworks have been suggested the abilities of bats are related to the shapes of bats ears, but few artificial bat-like ears have been made to mimic the abilities, the difficulty of which lies in the determination of the elevation angle of the target. In this study, we present a device with artificial bat pinnae modeling by the ears of brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus) which can accurately estimate the elevation angle of the aerial target by virtue of active sonar. An artificial neural-network with the labeled data obtained from echoes as the trained and tested data is used and optimized by a tenfold cross-validation technique. A decision method we named sliding window averaging algorithm is designed for getting the estimation results of elevation. At last, a right-angle pinnae construction is designed for determining direction of the target. The results show a higher accuracy for the direction determination of the single target. The results also demonstrate that for the Plecotus auritus bat, not only the binaural shapes, but the binaural relative orientations also play important roles in the target localization.
Differential Control of Ethylene Responses by<i>GREEN-RIPE</i>and<i>GREEN-RIPE LIKE1</i>Provides Evidence for Distinct Ethylene Signaling Modules in Tomato     (2012)

The factors that mediate specific responses to the plant hormone ethylene are not fully defined. In particular, it is not known how signaling at the receptor complex can control distinct subsets of ethylene responses. Mutations at the Green-ripe (Gr) and reversion to ethylene sensitivity1 (rte1) loci, which encode homologous proteins of unknown function, influence ethylene responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), respectively. In Arabidopsis, AtRTE1 is required for function of the ETR1 ethylene receptor and acts predominantly through this receptor via direct protein-protein interaction. While most eudicot families including the Brassicaceae possess a single gene that is closely related to AtRTE1, we report that members of the Solanaceae family contain two phylogenetically distinct genes defined by GR and GREEN-RIPE LIKE1 (GRL1), creating the possibility of subfunctionalization. We also show that SlGR and SlGRL1 are differentially expressed in tomato tissues and encode proteins predominantly localized to the Golgi. A combination of overexpression in tomato and complementation of the rte1-3 mutant allele indicates that SlGR and SlGRL1 influence distinct but overlapping ethylene responses. Overexpression of SlGRL1 in the Gr mutant background provides evidence for the existence of different ethylene signaling modules in tomato that are influenced by GR, GRL1, or both. In addition, overexpression of AtRTE1 in tomato leads to reduced ethylene responsiveness in a subset of tissues but does not mimic the Gr mutant phenotype. Together, these data reveal species-specific heterogeneity in the control of ethylene responses mediated by members of the GR/RTE1 family.