gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Epidemiological Study of Malware Encounters in a Large Enterprise (2014)

We present an epidemiological study of malware encounters in a large, multi-national enterprise. Our data sets allow us to observe or infer not only malware presence on enterprise computers, but also malware entry points, network locations of the computers (i.e., inside the enterprise network or outside) when the malware were encountered, and for some web-based malware encounters, web activities that gave rise to them. By coupling this data with demographic information for each host's primary user, such as his or her job title and level in the management hierarchy, we are able to paint a reasonably comprehensive picture of malware encounters for this enterprise. We use this analysis to build a logistic regression model for inferring the risk of hosts encountering malware; those ranked highly by our model have a >3x higher rate of encountering malware than the base rate. We also discuss where our study confirms or refutes other studies and guidance that our results suggest.
A Noise-Assisted Reprogrammable Nanomechanical Logic Gate (2010)

We present a nanomechanical device, operating as a reprogrammable logic gate, and performing fundamental logic functions such as AND/OR and NAND/NOR. The logic function can be programmed (e.g., from AND to OR) dynamically, by adjusting the resonator's operating parameters. The device can access one of two stable steady states, according to a specific logic function; this operation is mediated by the noise floor which can be directly adjusted, or dynamically "tuned" via an adjustment of the underlying nonlinearity of the resonator, i.e., it is not necessary to have direct control over the noise floor. The demonstration of this reprogrammable nanomechanical logic gate affords a path to the practical realization of a new generation of mechanical computers.
Spatial Predicates Evaluation in the Geohash Domain Using Reconfigurable Hardware (2016)

As location sensing devices are becoming ubiquitous, overwhelming amounts of data are being produced by the Internet-of-Things-That-Move. Though analyzing this data presents significant business opportunities, new techniques are needed to attain adequate levels of processing performance. One example is the recently introduced geohash geographical coordinate system that is mainly used for indexing. While geohash codes provide useful inherent properties such as hierarchical and variable-precision coding, traditional spatial algorithms operate on data represented using the conventional latitude/longitude geographical coordinate system, and as such do not take advantage of geohash coding. This paper tackles the evaluation of spatial predicates on geometries defined in the geohash domain, as an alternative to the standard Dimensionally Extended Nine-Intersection Model (DE-9IM). We present the first hardware architecture to efficiently evaluate "contain" and "touch" (internal, external, corner) relations between streams of pairs of geohash codes, in a high throughput (no stall) fashion. Employing FPGAs for exploiting the bit-level granularity of geohash codes, experimental results show (end-to-end) speedup of more than 20× and 90× over highly optimized single-threaded DE-9IM implementations of the contain and touch predicates, respectively. Furthermore, the PCIe-bound FPGA-based solution outperforms a geohash-based multithreaded CPU implementation by ≈1.8× (touch predicate) while using minimal FPGA resources.
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Alternate Booster Schedules of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed in Humans (2016)

Protective antigen (PA)-specific antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to annual and alternate booster schedules of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA; BioThrax) were characterized in humans over 43 months. Study participants received 1 of 6 vaccination schedules: a 3-dose intramuscular (IM) priming series (0, 1, and 6 months) with a single booster at 42 months (4-IM); 3-dose IM priming with boosters at 18 and 42 months (5-IM); 3-dose IM priming with boosters at 12, 18, 30, and 42 months (7-IM); the 1970 licensed priming series of 6 doses (0, 0.5, 1, 6, 12, and 18 months) and two annual boosters (30 and 42 months) administered either subcutaneously (SQ) (8-SQ) or IM (8-IM); or saline placebo control at all eight time points. Antibody response profiles included serum anti-PA IgG levels, subclass distributions, avidity, and lethal toxin neutralization activity (TNA). CMI profiles included frequencies of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)- and interleukin 4 (IL-4)-secreting cells and memory B cells (MBCs), lymphocyte stimulation indices (SI), and induction of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA. All active schedules elicited high-avidity PA-specific IgG, TNA, MBCs, and T cell responses with a mixed Th1-Th2 profile and Th2 dominance. Anti-PA IgG and TNA were highly correlated (e.g., month 7,r(2)= 0.86,P< 0.0001, log10 transformed) and declined in the absence of boosters. Boosters administered IM generated the highest antibody responses. Increasing time intervals between boosters generated antibody responses that were faster than and superior to those obtained with the final month 42 vaccination. CMI responses to the 3-dose IM priming remained elevated up to 43 months. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00119067.).
Programmable real-time incoherent matrix multiplier for optical processing (1986)

An edge-addressed optical matrix processing system based in part on outer product decomposition is presented that not only can perform matrix–matrix multiplication but also many linear signal processing functions such as correlation and convolution, the calculation of the cross-ambiguity function, the matrix inversion, and histogram generation. Techniques for handling complex data are also presented.
Fourier Transform Light Scattering (FTLS) of Cells and Tissues (2010)

Fourier transform light scattering (FTLS) has been recently developed as a novel, ultrasensitive method for studying light scattering from inhomogeneous and dynamic structures. FTLS relies on quantifying the optical phase and amplitude associated with a coherent image field and propagating it numerically to the scattering plane. In this paper, we review the principle and applications of FTLS to static and dynamic light scattering from biological tissues and live cells. Compared with other existing light scattering techniques, FTLS has significant benefits of high sensitivity, speed, and angular resolution. We anticipate that FTLS will set the basis for disease diagnosis based on intrinsic tissue optical properties and provide an efficient tool for quantifying cell structures and dynamics.
Expressed mu opiate receptor couples to adenylate cyclase and phosphatidyl inositol turnover (1994)

The recently cloned rat mu opiate receptor cDNA has been expressed in COS and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to examine the coupling of this receptor to G-protein linked second messenger systems and examine possible coupling to multiple second messenger systems. Morphine (1 microM) reduced both forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels and IP3 levels by 20 +/- 5 and 34 +/- 8% respectively in COS and CHO cell cultures expressing the cloned rat mu receptor cDNA. Both effects could be blocked by naloxone and Gpp(NH)p. These results represent the first clear representation of the second messenger system promiscuity possible with a single cloned opiate receptor.
Molecular wring resonances in chain molecules (1997)

It is shown that the eigenfrequency of collective twist excitations in chain molecules can be in the megahertz and gigahertz range. Accordingly, resonance states can be obtained at specific frequencies, and phenomena that involve structural properties can take place. Chain molecules can alter their conformation and their ability to function, and a breaking of the chain can result. It is suggested that this phenomenon forms the basis for effects caused by the interaction of microwaves and biomolecules, e.g., microwave assisted hydrolysis of chain molecules.
Learning Maliciousness in Cybersecurity Graphs (2017)

Systems and methods for utilizing statistical relational learning techniques in order to predict factors for nodes of a node graph, such as a node graph that represents attacks and incidents to a computing system, are described. In some embodiments, the systems and methods identify certain nodes (of a node graph) as representing malicious attributes of an email or other threat artifact received by a computing system or network and utilize relational learning to predict the maliciousness of attributes represented by other nodes (of the node graph).
Oral Azelaic Acid Ester Decreases Markers of Insulin Resistance in Overweight Human Male Subjects (2020)

DEA efficacy correlates with the degree of IR. DEA holds promise as a novel treatment for the management of IR.
miR-193a-3p is a potential tumor suppressor in malignant pleural mesothelioma (2015)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-induced cancer with poor prognosis that displays characteristic alterations in microRNA expression. Recently it was reported that the expression of a subset of microRNAs can distinguish between MPM and adenocarcinoma of the lung. However, the functional importance of these changes has yet to be investigated. We compared expression of miR-192, miR-193a-3p and the miR-200 family in normal pleura and MPM tumor specimens and found a statistically significant reduction in the levels of miR-193a-3p (3.1-fold) and miR-192 (2.8-fold) in MPM. Transfection of MPM cells with a miR-193a-3p mimic resulted in inhibition of growth and an induction of apoptosis and necrosis in vitro. The growth inhibitory effects of miR-193a-3p were associated with a decrease in MCL1 expression and were recapitulated by RNAi-mediated MCL1 silencing. Targeted delivery of miR-193a-3p mimic using EDV minicells inhibited MPM xenograft tumour growth, and was associated with increased apoptosis. In conclusion, miR-193a-3p appears to have importance in the biology of MPM and may represent a target for therapeutic intervention.
Exceptional Molecular Hyperpolarizabilities in Twisted π‐Electron System Chromophores (2005)

Elektrooptische Chromophore mit verdrehtem π-System und außergewöhnlichen molekularen Hyperpolarisierbarkeiten (−488 000×10−48 esu bei 1907 nm) wurden entworfen und synthetisiert. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse deckt große Verdrillungswinkel und einen hoch ladungsgetrennten zwitterionischen Grundzustand auf. Experimente mit verpolten Wirt-Gast-Polymeren, die solche Chromophore enthalten, zeigen das Potenzial für elektrooptische Anwendungen auf. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z501581_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Fabrication of structural composites from waste carpet (2011)

Abstract Vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) has been used to fabricate engineered composite materials from postconsumer carpet waste. The process is unique and applicable to any type of carpet. This method utilizes the three‐dimensional material architecture of carpet to result in composites with improved mechanical properties, as compared to other recycled carpet‐based materials. The technique can be used to make laminated structures for load‐bearing applications. As a result, this can lead to the recycling of waste carpet with the potential of reduced environmental impact. The potential applications of these composites include low‐cost containers, civil infrastructure components, and materials for impact protection. Moreover, the simplicity of the fabrication technique makes it attractive for commercialization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 380–389, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/adv.20261
Multi-unit auctions with budget-constrained bidders (2005)

We study a multi-unit auction with multiple bidders, each of whom has a private valuation and a budget. The truthful mechanisms of such an auction are characterized, in the sense that, under standard assumptions, we prove that it is impossible to design a non-trivial truthful auction which allocates all units, while we provide the design of an asymptotically revenue-maximizing truthful mechanism which may allocate only some of the units. Our asymptotic parameter is a budget dominance parameter which measures the size of the budget of a single agent relative to the maximum revenue. We discuss the relevance of these results for the design of Internet ad auctions.
Low-complexity algorithm and architecture for block-based motion estimation via one-bit transforms (2002)

We present a strategy for block-based motion estimation that involves transforming video sequences from a multibit to a one-bit/pixel representation, and then applying conventional motion estimation search strategies. This results in substantial reductions in arithmetic and hardware complexity, and reduced power consumption, while maintaining good compression performance. Experimental results and a custom hardware design are also presented.
Exciton-laser amplifier (1984)

A laser-amplifying device is proposed which is based on the stimulated decay of excitons in a pure crystal. An estimate is made of the gain of the device. At a typical frequency the gain is found to be appreciably large, thus suggesting practical application of the laser amplifier.
Magnetic Vestibular Stimulation (MVS) As a Technique for Understanding the Normal and Diseased Labyrinth (2017)

Humans often experience dizziness and vertigo around strong static magnetic fields such as those present in an MRI scanner. Recent evidence supports the idea that this effect is the result of inner ear vestibular stimulation and that the mechanism is a magnetohydrodynamic force (Lorentz force) that is generated by the interactions between normal ionic currents in the inner ear endolymph and the strong static magnetic field of MRI machines. While in the MRI, the Lorentz force displaces the cupula of the lateral and anterior semicircular canals, as if the head was rotating with a constant acceleration. If a human subject's eye movements are recorded when they are in darkness in an MRI machine (i.e., without fixation), there is a persistent nystagmus that diminishes but does not completely disappear over time. When the person exits the magnetic field, there is a transient aftereffect (nystagmus beating in the opposite direction) that reflects adaptation that occurred in the MRI. This magnetic vestibular stimulation (MVS) is a useful technique for exploring set-point adaptation, the process by which the brain adapts to a change in its environment, which in this case is vestibular imbalance. Here, we review the mechanism of MVS, how MVS produces a unique stimulus to the labyrinth that allows us to explore set-point adaptation, and how this technique might apply to the understanding and treatment of vestibular and other neurological disorders.
Registration of ‘UA 5612’ Soybean (2014)

As herbicide-tolerant cultivars still dominate the current soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed market, conventional cultivars provide an alternative for soybean producers to use in cultivar rotation for weed control, to save seed cost, and to capture additional value for non–genetically modified (GM) crops. ‘UA 5612’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV-513, PI 667740) was developed by the University of Arkansas and released as a high-yielding conventional cultivar. The objective of this release is to provide farmers with a cultivar choice for non-GM soybean. UA 5612 is derived from a single F2 plant selection from the cross of two conventional breeding lines; R97-1650 and 98601. Seed was bulked in the F2:3 generation for subsequent yield tests and release. UA 5612 was evaluated in 172 environments in southern states from 2005 to 2011. It demonstrated excellent adaptation and strong performance in all environments, with yields better than or comparable to the maturity group (MG) V checks. Across all years and locations, UA 5612 produced 193 kg ha−1 more yield than the average of the check cultivars. UA 5612 exhibits a relative maturity of 5.6, determinate growth habit, purple flower color, gray pubescence, and tan pod wall. It is moderately resistant to southern stem canker, frogeye leaf spot, and sudden death syndrome. UA 5612 will fulfill the demand for a high-yielding conventional cultivar in the mid-south region targeted for the non-GM market with a potential production premium.
<title>Automatic detection of the myocardial boundaries of the right and left ventricles in MR cardio perfusion scans</title> (2001)

Recent advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging allow fast recording of contrast enhanced myocardial perfusion scans. MR perfusion scans are made by recording, during a period of 20-40 seconds a number of short-axis slices through the myocardium. The scanning is triggered by the patient's ECG typically resulting in one set of slices per heart beat. For the perfusion analysis, the myocardial boundaries must be traced in all images Currently this is done manually, a tedious procedure, prone to inter- and intra-observer variability. In this paper a method for automatic detection of myocardial boundaries is proposed. This results in a considerable time reduction of the analysis and is an important step towards automatic analysis of cardiac MR perfusion scans. The most important consideration in the proposed approach is the use of not only spatial-intensity information, but also intensity-time and shape information to realize a robust segmentation. The procedure was tested on a total of 30 image sequences from 14 different scans. From 26 out of 30 sequences the myocardial boundaries were correctly found. The remaining 4 sequences were of very low quality and would most likely not be used for analysis.
Using a contraction mapping method to determine complex permittivity from electromagnetic propagation measurements (2015)

In typical logging while drilling propagation-resistivity tools, formation properties are measured at different operating frequencies. The conductivity and permittivity of the formation are obtained from the inversion of the measured amplitude attenuation and phase shift between a pair of receiver antennas. This paper describes a simple method for computing formation resistivity and permittivity from electromagnetic propagation measurements. It starts with a closed-form solution for a generic propagation tool in homogeneous and isotropic media and uses a contraction mapping method for inverting conductivity and permittivity.
Error-free 250 km transmission in standard fibre using compact 10 Gbit/s chirp-managed directly modulated lasers (CML) at 1550 nm (2005)

10 Gbit/s transmission over 250 km of standard fibre at 1550 nm with 4.8 dB penalty using a transmitter comprising a directly modulated DFB laser, a multi-cavity filter and a standard receiver, is demonstrated.
Concepts For Electron-Beam And Optical Control Of Bulk Semiconductor Switches (1987)

Two concepts for externally controlled bulk semiconductor switches are discussed. One concept is based on electron-beam ionization of direct semiconductors with a negative differential electron mobility region in their velocity-field strength characteristic (e.g. GaAs). The e-beam is injected through one of the contacts in direction of the applied electric field, similar to e-beam controlled diffuse discharge switches<sup>1</sup>. Because of the very high value of the source function (number of electrons generated per second and cubic centimeter) compared to diffuse discharge switches, the ratio of switch current to sustaining e-beam current can reach values of 10<sup>5</sup>. Generation of excess charge carriers in the region beyond the range of the electrons is provided by absorption of recombination radiation and bremsstrahlung emanating from the e-beam excited zone. Opening of the switch is obtained by turning the e-beam off. If the switch is part of an inductive discharge circuit, the increasing field strength during opening drives the semiconductor through a negative differential mobility region into a low conductivity range, a mechanism which supports switch opening. A second switch concept is based on optical control of semiconductors, where lasers are used to drive the switch into and out of the conductive state using two different wavelengths. The direct semiconductor is doped with material which generates deep acceptor levels and is compensated with donors in shallow levels. Increase of conductivity - closing of the switch - is obtained through excitation of electrons from the occupied deep traps. Reduction of conductivity - opening of the switch - is achieved through optical hole excitation from the deep centers and subsequent direct recombination of electron-hole pairs.
Determining driver visual attention with one camera (2003)

This paper presents a system for analyzing human driver visual attention. The system relies on estimation of global motion and color statistics to robustly track a person's head and facial features. The system is fully automatic, it can initialize automatically, and reinitialize when necessary. The system classifies rotation in all viewing directions, detects eye/mouth occlusion, detects eye blinking and eye closure, and recovers the three dimensional gaze of the eyes. In addition, the system is able to track both through occlusion due to eye blinking, and eye closure, large mouth movement, and also through occlusion due to rotation. Even when the face is fully occluded due to rotation, the system does not break down. Further the system is able to track through yawning, which is a large local mouth motion. Finally, results are presented, and future work on how this system can be used for more advanced driver visual attention monitoring is discussed.
Modeling of multilayered packages and boards using modal decomposition and finite difference methods (2006)

Simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is a major signal integrity (SI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem. SSN involves the interaction between the power/ground planes and the transmission lines. Through the power/ground planes, there can be noise coupling not only in the transversal direction between two planes, but also vertically from one plane pair to another through the apertures and via holes. In addition, transmission lines can excite the planes at return path disconti- nuities. Due to the large size of systems packaging, it is difficult to analyze such problems using full-wave simulators. We present an accurate and efficient modeling approach based on the finite difference method (FDM). Power/ground planes are modeled using FDM, while the transmission lines are incorporated using a modal decomposition method.
Fiber coupling to silicon waveguides using cantilever couplers (2009)

We demonstrate fiber-to-chip cantilever couplers that enable access to photonic devices on a chip surface without dicing or cleaving. Coupling efficiencies of 1.6 dB (TE) and 2 dB (TM) are achieved.