gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smad7 Promotes and Enhances Skeletal Muscle Differentiation (2006)

Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and myostatin signaling, mediated by the same Smad downstream effectors, potently repress skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Smad7 inhibits these cytokine signaling pathways. The role of Smad7 during skeletal muscle cell differentiation was assessed. In these studies, we document that increased expression of Smad7 abrogates myostatin- but not TGF-beta1-mediated repression of myogenesis. Further, constitutive expression of exogenous Smad7 potently enhanced skeletal muscle differentiation and cellular hypertrophy. Conversely, targeting of endogenous Smad7 by small interfering RNA inhibited C2C12 muscle cell differentiation, indicating an essential role for Smad7 during myogenesis. Congruent with a role for Smad7 in myogenesis, we observed that the muscle regulatory factor (MyoD) binds to and transactivates the Smad7 proximal promoter region. Finally, we document that Smad7 directly interacts with MyoD and enhances MyoD transcriptional activity. Thus, Smad7 cooperates with MyoD, creating a positive loop to induce Smad7 expression and to promote MyoD driven myogenesis. Taken together, these data implicate Smad7 as a fundamental regulator of differentiation in skeletal muscle cells.
Hierarchical blocking and data flow analysis for numerical linear algebra (1990)

The optimization of BLAS2 and BLAS3 for linear algebra on computers with hierarchical memory systems is discussed. A novel blocking strategy called hierarchical blocking and data-flow analysis is proposed, and its applications are given. Numerical results on IBM RISC System/6000 Model 530 are given. It is shown that data flow direction and leading dimensions are crucial factors in optimizing linear algebra programs. Since the proposed method follows the data flow of a program, it can reveal the effect of pipelining between data loading units and computational units. >
Immersive 3D virtual reality imaging in planning minimally invasive and complex adult cardiac surgery (2020)

Over the past decades, surgery on the heart and vessels is becoming more and more complex, necessitating more precise and accurate preoperative planning. Nowadays, operative planning is feasible on flat, two-dimensional computer screens, however, requiring a lot of spatial and three-dimensional (3D) thinking of the surgeon. Since immersive 3D virtual reality (VR) is an upcoming imaging technique with promising results in other fields of surgery, we aimed in this study to explore the additional value of this technique in heart surgery. Our surgeons planned six different heart operations by visualizing computed tomography scans with a dedicated VR headset, enabling them to visualize the patient's anatomy in an immersive and 3D environment. The outcomes of this preliminary study are positive, with a much more reality-like simulation for the surgeon. In such, VR could potentially be beneficial as a preoperative planning tool for complex heart surgery.
Model predictive contouring control (2010)

Biaxial contouring systems involve competing control objectives of maximising accuracy while minimising traversal time. In this paper, a model predictive controller for contouring systems is proposed where the control inputs are determined by minimising a cost function which reflects the trade-off between these competing objectives, subject to state and actuator constraints. To facilitate real-time implementation, a linear time-varying approach is proposed, and stability is guaranteed by introducing an additional contraction constraint. Simulation results for an XY table system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed contouring control scheme.
Self-consistent molecular orbital methods. 24. Supplemented small split-valence basis sets for second-row elements (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-consistent molecular orbital methods. 24. Supplemented small split-valence basis sets for second-row elementsW. J. Pietro, M. M. Francl, W. J. Hehre, D. J. DeFrees, J. A. Pople, and J. S. BinkleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 19, 5039–5048Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00383a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00383a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views775Altmetric-Citations1057LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neuronal Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) L-type channels activate at relatively hyperpolarized membrane potentials and are incompletely inhibited by dihydropyridines. (2001)

L-type calcium channels regulate a diverse array of cellular functions within excitable cells. Of the four molecularly defined subclasses of L-type Ca channels, two are expressed ubiquitously in the mammalian nervous system (Ca(V)1.2alpha(1) and Ca(V)1.3alpha(1)). Despite diversity at the molecular level, neuronal L-type channels are generally assumed to be functionally and pharmacologically similar, i.e., high-voltage activated and highly sensitive to dihydropyridines. We now show that Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) L-type channels activate at membrane potentials approximately 25 mV more hyperpolarized, compared with Ca(V)1.2alpha(1). This unusually negative activation threshold for Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) channels is independent of the specific auxiliary subunits coexpressed, of alternative splicing in domains I-II, IVS3-IVS4, and the C terminus, and of the expression system. The use of high concentrations of extracellular divalent cations has possibly obscured the unique voltage-dependent properties of Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) in certain previous studies. We also demonstrate that Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) channels are pharmacologically distinct from Ca(V)1.2alpha(1). The IC(50) for nimodipine block of Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) L-type calcium channel currents is 2.7 +/- 0.3 microm, a value 20-fold higher than the concentration required to block Ca(V)1.2alpha(1). The relatively low sensitivity of the Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) subunit to inhibition by dihydropyridine is unaffected by alternative splicing in the IVS3-IVS4 linker. Our results suggest that functional and pharmacological criteria used commonly to distinguish among different Ca currents greatly underestimate the biological importance of L-type channels in cells expressing Ca(v)1.3alpha(1).
Studies of the Adcock direction finder in terms of phase-mode excitations around circular arrays (1983)

A new analysis of the Adcock direction finder is presented in terms of phase-mode excitations associated with circular arrays. This leads to a convenient form of processing for such a d.f. system based upon a circular array/Butler matrix configuration which employs a direct phase-measuring detector for bearing measurements. The principal sources of error limiting the physical spacing of elements within the array are highlighted and methods of improving wide-bandwidth operation are presented which entail the use of directional elements. A signal processing system based around a small microcomputer is discussed for the automatic compensation of errors due to the finite number of elements.
The function of OPG/RANKL/RANK system in tumor bone metastasis (2019)

Tumor bone metastasis is one of the main causes of treatment failure in tumor. Since tumor bone metastasis is a complex process, the exact etiopathogenesis of tumor bone metastasis has not been clarified. Recent studies demonstrated that osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/receptor activator of NF-κB (OPG/RANKL/RANK) system plays an important role during the development and progression of tumor bone metastasis. In this review, the research progress of OPG/RANKL/RANK system, including biological functions,the bone microenvironment regulation, the detection method,the diagnosis and treatment of tumor will be summerized.


Key words: 
Neoplasm metastasis; Bone neoplasms; Osteoprotegerin; RANK Ligand; Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B
Prevalence of medical adhesive-related skin injury at peripherally inserted central catheter insertion site in oncology patients (2017)

MARSI at PICC insertion site is a frequent event among oncology patients. Epidemiological data and independent risk factors are presented in our study, which provide a basis for future study in this area.
[Streptonigron--a minor component of bruneomycin complex]. (1990)

A mutant strain of the bruneomycin-producing culture which produced up to 10% of the minor component was selected. The component was identified as streptonigrone. It was isolated and its physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity were investigated. Trimethylsilyl derivatives of streptonigrone and bruneomycin were prepared. Their PMR spectra and electron impulse mass spectra were studied. Streptonigrone was shown to have antibacterial and cytotoxic activities which was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of bruneomycin.
On the numerical stability of time domain boundary element methods (1997)

Abstract Time domain elastodynamic boundary element methods are prone to numerical instabilities. Under suitable conditions, these instabilities can swamp the transient response of a system. We show evidence of these instabilities in both the direct and indirect boundary element methods. We summarize the literature on the evidence and causes of these instabilities, and refer to improved algorithms and alternative formulations which are less prone to numerical instabilities. Finally, we make suggestions as to where research should concentrate so that these methods can reach their full potential. Key Words: elastodynamicsnumerical stabilityfundamental principlesboundary element methodsdirectindirect
Typen des interpersonalen und medialen Kommunikations- und Informationshandelns während der Corona-Pandemie (2021)

Die Corona-Pandemie stellt eine Phase der Unsicherheit dar und geht mit Handlungs- und Entscheidungsbedarfen einher, für deren Bewältigung das individuelle Kommunikations- und Informationshandeln eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Dabei ziehen Rezipient*innen situationsbedingt bestimmte Quellen anderen vor und legen beispielsweise unter bestimmten Bedingungen mehr Wert auf interpersonalen Austausch anstelle von medialer Suche. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags liegt darin, verschiedene Typen des interpersonalen und medialen Kommunikations- und Informationshandelns mit Bezug zur Corona-Pandemie zu identifizieren und ihre Spezifika herauszuarbeiten. Auf Basis 21 leitfadengestützter Interviews, die mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet wurden, konnten je sechs inhaltsbezogene und zwei strategiebezogene Typen des interpersonalen sowie des medialen Kommunikations- und Informationshandelns identifiziert werden. Bei den interpersonalen Typen liegt der Fokus auf Emotionsbewältigung, auf Erfahrungs- oder Informationsaustausch. Sie zeichnen sich durch unterschiedliche Offenheit gegenüber dem Thema aus, während die medialen Typen von konkreten Interessensfeldern und sowohl durch Strategien der aktiven, gezielten Suche als auch der passiven Form des Scanning gekennzeichnet sind. Mit Blick auf die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse zeigt sich für die frühe Phase der Pandemie ein hohes Informationsbedürfnis und eine umfassende, auch selektive und kritische Rezeption medialer Inhalte und eine durch emotionale und informationelle Unterstützung geprägte Art des persönlichen Austauschs im sozialen Umfeld.
Generation of resource-constrained project scheduling problems with minimal and maximal time lags (1996)

We describe a new problem generator for three different types of resource-constrained project scheduling problems with minimal and maximal time lags: the project duration problem, the resource leveling problem, and the resource investment problem. The cyclicity of the underlying project network requires special techniques for the parameterdriven generation of cycle structures. Two different approaches to the generation of cycle structures are presented: the direct method which adds backward arcs to an acyclic network and the contraction method which constructs isolated strong components which are then contracted to a single node and incorporated into an acyclic network. Efficient algorithms for the direct method and the contraction method are provided. The generation of the project&apos;s basic data as well as the resource demand and availability is based on ProGen by Kolisch et al. A computational experiment relating computation times for the solution of the project duration problem to sev...
The assessment of mouse spontaneous locomotor activity using motion picture (2020)

Spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) is a useful parameter reflecting physical and mental status of experimental animals. Here we aimed to establish a novel and simple method to assess mouse SLA using motion picture. Movement of C57BL/6 mice was continuously recorded by an infrared video camera connected with a single board computer. The geometric center of mouse outline in each frame was calculated using an image processing library, OpenCV in a programming language Python. Moving distance of the geometric center every second was utilized as an index of mouse SLA. Twenty-four hours assessment of SLA showed that mice repeated active and resting phase. Mice moved more actively during the dark period compared with the light period. Time-frequency analysis of SLA followed by unsupervised clustering classified their active and resting phase. Administration of a sedative, chlorpromazine (5 mg/kg) abolished mouse SLA for 8 h. In contrast, administration of a central nervous stimulant, caffeine (25 mg/kg) increased SLA for 3 h. In conclusion, we here established the automatic measurement system of mouse SLA using motion picture. This system is composed of common equipment and analysis software written in freely available programming language. We also confirmed that it is applicable for drug assessment.
Smart Antenna Using Element-Level Photonic Up-Conversion to Generate an Apodized Beam-Space for Increased Spatial Isolation (2017)

A prototype linear radio frequency receive array that utilizes element-wise photonic up-conversion, via Mach-Zehnder modulators, a linear fiber array, and an accompanying optical beam-space processor, is described along with methods to generate an apodized beam-space output. A selected apodization scheme utilizing a weighted distribution of a master laser is described, simulated, and prototyped via variable attenuators in order to measure the output sidelobe levels. Results of the apodization technique are then shown via an experiment where two sources of varying power levels are spatially isolated via the apodized beam-space output.
An Aggressive S-Shaped Compressor Transition Duct With Swirling Flow and Aerodynamic Lifting Struts (2014)

In a multistage intermediate pressure compressor an efficiency benefit may be gained by reducing reaction in the rear stages, and allowing swirl to persist at the exit. This swirl must now be removed within the transition duct that is situated between the intermediate and high pressure compressor spools, in order to present the downstream compressor with suitable inlet conditions. This paper presents the numerical design and experimental validation of an initial concept which uses a lifting strut to remove tangential momentum from the flow within an S-shaped compressor transition duct. The design methodology uses an existing strut profile with the camber line modified to remove a specified amount of the inlet tangential momentum. A linear strut loading was employed in the meridional direction with a nominally constant loading in the radial direction. This approach was applied to an existing aggressive S-duct configuration in which approximately 12.5° of swirl remains at OGV exit. 3D CFD predictions were used for preliminary assessment of duct loading and to determine how much swirl could be removed. Consequently, a fully annular test facility incorporating a 1½ stage axial compressor was used to experimentally evaluate four configurations; an unstrutted duct, a non-lifting strut and lifting struts designed to remove 50% and 75% of the inlet tangential momentum. Despite the expected large increase in loss caused by the introduction of struts there was not a significant additional loss measured with the inclusion of turning. No evidence of flow separation was observed and the data suggested that it may be possible to remove more swirl than was attempted. Although the turning struts did not remove the entire targeted swirl due to viscous deviation the data still confirm the feasibility of using a lifting strut/duct concept which has the potential to off-load the rear stages of the upstream compressor.
Conditional Overexpression of Bioactive Transforming Growth Factor–β1 in Neonatal Mouse Lung (2004)

Research interest in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has steadily increased, and numerous potential mediators have been implicated in the development of the disease. Among such mediators is transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. Unfortunately, commonly utilized murine transgenic models are not optimal to investigate the effects of TGF-beta specifically during the 2-3 wk period of alveolar formation, the developmental stage that corresponds histologically to early alveolar development in humans, and the time frame during which BPD develops. In the current study, we utilized a triple-transgenic construct to overexpress bioactive TGF-beta1 in the neonatal mouse lung during the period of alveolar formation. Lungs were then examined by histologic, Western blot, and immunofluorescent methods. We found that overexpression of bioactive TGF-beta1 in neonatal mouse lungs resulted in structural changes that have been described in BPD. Included in those characteristics are abnormal alveolar structure, cellular composition, and vascular development. Our study indicates that TGF-beta1 overexpression in the neonatal mouse lung results in histologic alterations that have striking similarities to pathologic descriptions of BPD. We encourage the use of conditional transgenic models for the study of BPD, and hypothesize that the TGF-beta system is a central mediator for the histologic alterations described in association with the disease.
Unwinding of a Skyrmion Lattice by Magnetic Monopoles (2013)

Skyrmion crystals are regular arrangements of magnetic whirls that exist in a wide range of chiral magnets. Because of their topology, they cannot be created or destroyed by smooth rearrangements of the direction of the local magnetization. Using magnetic force microscopy, we tracked the destruction of the skyrmion lattice on the surface of a bulk crystal of Fe(1-x)Co(x)Si (x = 0.5). Our study revealed that skyrmions vanish by a coalescence, forming elongated structures. Numerical simulations showed that changes of topology are controlled by singular magnetic point defects. They can be viewed as quantized magnetic monopoles and antimonopoles, which provide sources and sinks of one flux quantum of emergent magnetic flux, respectively.
Hypercholesterolemia Enhances T Cell Receptor Signaling and Increases the Regulatory T Cell Population (2017)

Hypercholesterolemia promotes the inflammation against lipoproteins in atherosclerosis. Development of atherosclerosis is affected by the balance between pro-inflammatory effector T cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, phenotype and function of T cell subpopulations in hypercholesterolemia remain to be investigated. Here, we found that cholesterol-containing diet increased the expression of the Treg cell lineage-defining transcription factor FoxP3 among thymocytes and splenocytes. Hypercholesterolemia elevated the FoxP3 expression level and population size of peripheral Treg cells, but did not prevent enhanced proliferation of stimulated T cells. Moreover, cholesterol supplementation in diet as well as in cell culture medium promoted T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling in CD4+ T cells. Our results demonstrate that hypercholesterolemia enhances TCR stimulation, Treg cell development as well as T cell proliferation. Thus, our findings may help to understand why hypercholesterolemia correlates with altered CD4+ T cell responses.
User bias removal in review score prediction (2018)

Review score prediction of text reviews has recently gained a lot of attention in recommendation systems. A major problem in models for review score prediction is the presence of noise due to user-bias in review scores. We propose two simple statistical methods to remove such noise and improve review score prediction. Compared to other methods that use multiple classifiers, one for each user, our model uses a single global classifier to predict review scores. We empirically evaluate our methods on two major categories (Electronics and Movies and TV) of the SNAP published Amazon e-Commerce Reviews data-set and Amazon Fine Food reviews data-set. We obtain improved review score prediction for three commonly used text feature representations.
Magneto-optics of thin magnetic films composed of Co nanoparticles (2002)

The magneto-optic properties of 8, 10, and 12 nm diameter Co particles deposited on Si and Al substrates are investigated at room temperature in the photon-energy range from 0.8 to 4.8 eV using the magneto-optic Kerr effect. The 10 and 12 nm particles give rise to a magneto-optic signal, while the 8 nm particles show virtually no magneto-optic response at room temperature. The spectral features of the polar Kerr rotation depend on particle size and are at variance from those of a reference spectrum of a thick Co film. For the 10 nm particles an aging effect on a time scale of months is observed through the magneto-optic signature. The magneto-optic signal also depends on the arrangement of the particles within the film of nanoparticles. The magnetization of the 10 and 12 nm particle films is analyzed in terms of a Langevin function. From this analysis, the effective magnetic core of the 10 nm particles is estimated as 4.5 nm, while the 12 nm particles appear to show ferromagnetic coupling.