gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Determination of Effective Interfacial Optical Constants by Nonlinear Optical Null Ellipsometry of Chiral Films (2004)

Nonlinear optical null ellipsometry (NONE) measurements of chiral interfaces allowed direct experimental measurement of the linear interfacial optical constants in surface second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements. Since phase information is retained in NONE measurements, the real and imaginary components of the interfacial refractive index (n and k, respectively) were uniquely obtained from the measured chiral chi((2)) tensor elements of a fluorescein-labeled bovine serum albumin film. The sensitivity of the calculated chi((2)) tensor elements on the assumed values of the interfacial optical constants allowed measurements of n and k to four significant figures with no additional adjustable parameters and independent of molecular symmetry. The optical constants measured by SHG agreed within a relative error of 0.8% with values predicted independently using a simple effective medium approximation, also with no adjustable parameters. Additionally, those same optical constants produced relationships between the achiral chi((2)) tensor elements in excellent agreement with predictions for systems exhibiting weak orientational order. This study suggests that the far-field intensity and polarization state of the nonlinear optical beam may be largely independent of the near-field optical constants within the interfacial layer in the limit of a film thickness much less than the wavelength of light.
High carbon content liquid fuels. [carbon dispersion in hydrocarbon] (1979)

Disclosed is a high-carbon-content liquid hydrocarbon fuel wherein particulated carbon such as carbon black, having organic groups or components attached to the surfaces thereof, is dispersed in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Disclosed also is a method for making the high-carbon-content liquid hydrocarbon fuel wherein organic components are graft-polymerized to carbon black dispersed in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methyl Substituted 2′,4′‐BNA<sup>NC</sup>: A Highly Nuclease‐Resistant Nucleic Acid Analogue with High‐Affinity RNA Selective Hybridization. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
4‐(Pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate: A Versatile Launch Pad for the Synthesis of Aromatic SF<sub>5</sub> Compounds via Cross Coupling, Azo Coupling, Homocoupling, Dediazoniation, and Click Chemistry (2014)

Abstract The reagent 4‐(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate ( 1 ) was synthesized and isolated as a stable salt for the first time; its application in a wide assortment of transformations was subsequently investigated. A series of novel SF 5 ‐bearing alkenes, alkynes, and biaryl derivatives were synthesized by employing Heck–Matsuda, Sonogashira, and Suzuki coupling protocols. Dediazoniation with TMSX (X = Hal; N 3 ; and CN) and NH 4 SCN in [BMIM][BF 4 ] as solvent furnished the corresponding p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 X derivatives. The azide derivative p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 N 3 entered into click chemistry with phenylacetylenes to furnish the corresponding triazoles. The 4,4′‐bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)biphenyl was synthesized by homo‐coupling using Pd(OAc) 2 . The corresponding azo compounds were obtained through azo‐coupling with reactive aromatic nucleophiles (1,3‐dimethoxybenzene, 1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene, 1,2,4‐trimethoxybenzene, aniline and phenol). Fluorodediazoniation in [BMIM][PF 6 ] and [BMIM][BF 4 ] selectively furnished the fluoro derivative p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 F. Dediazoniation in [BMIM][NTf 2 ] gave p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 OS(O)(CF 3 )=NSO 2 CF 3 as the major and p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 ‐NTf 2 as the minor products. Homolytic dediazoniation in MeCN/NaI gave the unsymmetrical biaryls p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 ‐Ar (ArH = mesitylene and p ‐xylene) along with p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 I. Analysis of the dediazoniation product mixtures indicated that dediazoniation of p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 N 2 + BF 4 – in low nucleophilicity, highly ionizing, solvents (TfOH, TFE, HFIP, TFAH) is mainly heterolytic, while in MeOH it is mainly homolytic. The isodesmic reaction p ‐SF 5 –C 6 H 4 + + R‐C 6 H 5 → SF 5 –C 6 H 5 + p ‐R‐C 6 H 4 + (with R = NO 2 , CF 3 , H) was gauged by DFT at various levels and by PCM.
Case Studies Determining the Effects of Track Stiffness on Vehicle Dynamics (2010)

Vehicle/Track dynamic simulation programs are now used routinely in the rail industry in areas such as vehicle and track design, derailment investigation, and prediction of vehicle/track behavior under a variety of conditions. In these investigations the accuracy and validity of the simulation highly depends on information input into the program pertaining to both the vehicle and the track. Track geometry cars provide a variety of track measurements which are used to characterize the track (e.g. gage, cross level, profile, curvature, etc.) but these measurements do not include track stiffness information. For lack of better data these simulations generally assume constant track stiffness and this can lead to significant inaccuracy. The University of Nebraska (UNL), under sponsorship from the Federal Railroad Administration, has developed a method to estimate vertical track deflection and stiffness from a rail car traveling at revenue speed. The system has been tested on thousands of miles of track. It is believed that these vertical track stiffness estimates, along with the standard track geometry data can now be used to improve vehicle/track simulation results. In this paper, sites from recent testing of the University of Nebraska system were chosen to be studied with the vehicle dynamics software VAMPIRE®. These case studies demonstrate scenarios where the variation of track stiffness may significantly affect vehicle dynamics performance in different aspects. Results suggest that wheel unloading may be increased by up to 20% by the inclusion of vertical stiffness data in the simulations. Car body vibration and dynamic wheel loads also tend to be affected by the stiffness variation. The proposed approach has limitations because stiffness estimates are made without direct measurements of wheel loads which leads to possible errors in the estimate. Also, the inadequacy of the Winkler model used in the process of stiffness estimation may also cause some inaccuracies. These limitations are further explored in this paper.
Eigenlenses: a new model for full crystalline lens shape representation and its applications (2020)

The crystalline lens is an important optical element in the eye, responsible for focusing, and which experiences significant changes throughout life. The shape of the lens is usually studied only in the optical area (central 4 to 6 mm). However, for a great number of applications, a description of the full shape of the crystalline lens is required. We propose a new method for the representation of the full shape of the crystalline lens, constructed from 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography images of 133 isolated crystalline lenses (0-71 y/o), which we have called <i>eigenlenses</i>. The method is shown to be compact and accurate to describe not only the full shape of the crystalline lens, but also the optical zone in comparison with other methods. We also demonstrate its application to the extrapolation of the full shape of the crystalline lens from <i>in-vivo</i> optical images of the anterior segment of the eye, where only the central part of the lens visible through the pupil is available, and in the generation (synthesis) of realistic full lenses of a given age. The method has critical applications, among others, in improving and evaluating myopia and presbyopia treatments.
High-Throughput Chemical Modification of Oligonucleotides for Systematic Structure–Activity Relationship Evaluation (2014)

Chemical modification of siRNA is achieved in a high-throughput manner (96-well plate format) by copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. This transformation can be performed in one synthetic operation at up to four positions with complete specificity, good yield, and acceptable purity. As demonstrated here, this approach extends the current synthetic options for oligonucleotide modifications and simultaneously facilitates the systematic, rapid biological evaluation of modified siRNA.
An Improved Pyrolyzer for Solid Waste Resource Recovery in Space (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Pyrolysis processing is one of several options for solid waste resource recovery in space. It has the advantage of being relatively simple and adaptable to a wide variety of feedstocks and it can produce several usable products from typical waste streams. The overall objective of this study was to produce a prototype mixed solid waste pyrolyzer for spacecraft applications. A two-stage reactor system was developed which can process a maximum of about 0.5 kg of waste per cycle. The reactor includes a pyrolysis chamber where the waste is heated to temperatures above 600 °C for primary pyrolysis. The volatile products (liquids, gases) are transported by a N<sub>2</sub> purge gas to a second chamber which contains a catalyst bed for cracking the tars at temperatures of about 1000-1100 °C. The tars are cracked into carbon and additional gases. Most of the deposited carbon is subsequently gasified by oxygenated volatiles (CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O) from the first stage. In a final step, the temperature of the first stage can be raised and the purge gas switched from N<sub>2</sub> to CO<sub>2</sub> and/or O<sub>2</sub> in order to gasify the remaining char in the first stage and the remaining carbon deposits in the second stage. Alternatively, the char can be removed from the first stage and saved as a future source of CO<sub>2</sub> or partially gasified to make activated carbon. This paper describes several improvements that were made in the original (First Generation) prototype pyrolyzer including: 1) replacement of stainless steel flanges with machineable ceramic in order to reduce weight; 2) construction of a new sample holder in order to make sample insertion and removal easier and sample heat-up more uniform; 3) replacement of a stainless steel outer shell with a double-wall quartz cylinder in order to significantly reduce weight and heat losses. In addition, experimental results are included for wheat straw and chicken manure feedstocks, primarily from the First Generation prototype.</div>
Potential of the Virion-Associated Peptidoglycan Hydrolase HydH5 and Its Derivative Fusion Proteins in Milk Biopreservation (2013)

Bacteriophage lytic enzymes have recently attracted considerable interest as novel antimicrobials against Gram-positive bacteria. In this work, antimicrobial activity in milk of HydH5 [a virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase (VAPGH) encoded by the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88], and three different fusion proteins created between HydH5 and lysostaphin has been assessed. The lytic activity of the five proteins (HydH5, HydH5Lyso, HydH5SH3b, CHAPSH3b and lysostaphin) was confirmed using commercial whole extended shelf-life milk (ESL) in challenge assays with 10(4) CFU/mL of the strain S. aureus Sa9. HydH5, HydH5Lyso and HydH5SH3b (3.5 µM) kept the staphylococcal viable counts below the control cultures for 6 h at 37°C. The effect is apparent just 15 minutes after the addition of the lytic enzyme. Of note, lysostaphin and CHAPSH3b showed the highest staphylolytic protection as they were able to eradicate the initial staphylococcal challenge immediately or 15 min after addition, respectively, at lower concentration (1 µM) at 37°C. CHAPSH3b showed the same antistaphyloccal effect at room temperature (1.65 µM). No re-growth was observed for the remainder of the experiment (up to 6 h). CHAPSH3b activity (1.65 µM) was also assayed in raw (whole and skim) and pasteurized (whole and skim) milk. Pasteurization of milk clearly enhanced CHAPSH3b staphylolytic activity in both whole and skim milk at both temperatures. This effect was most dramatic at room temperature as this protein was able to reduce S. aureus viable counts to undetectable levels immediately after addition with no re-growth detected for the duration of the experiment (360 min). Furthermore, CHAPSH3b protein is known to be heat tolerant and retained some lytic activity after pasteurization treatment and after storage at 4°C for 3 days. These results might facilitate the use of the peptidoglycan hydrolase HydH5 and its derivative fusions, particularly CHAPSH3b, as biocontrol agents for controlling undesirable bacteria in dairy products.
2 Gbit/s subcarrier multiplexed coherent lightwave system (1989)

The letter reports the combination of a coherent optical link with subcarrier multiplexing to form a phase-modulated coherent lightwave system transmitting at 2 Gbit/s with a receiver sensitivity of −32 dBm.
A computationally efficient method for tracking reference position displacements for motion compensation in magnetic resonance imaging (1999)

A fast and computationally efficient method for detecting and tracking the displacement of a reference structure within the body using MR imaging is described. This method is used to determine the position of the diaphragm in order to synchronize the data acquisition to the same relative position of the abdominal and thoracic organs, thereby minimizing or eliminating respiratory motion artifacts. The method described uses the time domain linear phase shift of a reference structure to determine its spatial positional displacement as a function of the respiratory cycle. The signal from a two-dimensional rectangular excitation column is first Fourier-transformed to the image domain, apodized, and then transformed back to the time domain. The relative displacement of a target edge in the image domain is determined from an autocorrelation of the resulting time domain information. This technique was found to require between three and eight times less computation than either cross-correlation or least-squares analysis, depending on the navigator parameters. Magn Reson Med 42:548-553, 1999.
High Wind Autonomous Parafoil Guidance (2015)

Guided airdrop systems lacking propulsion can be adversely affected by high winds, especially if their guidance algorithms fail to take full advantage of vehicle maneuverability. In real-world flight tests of U.S. Army parafoils, both strong tail winds and unanticipated wind shifts prevented several lightweight systems from landing accurately. These systems’ guidance algorithms did not account for the high winds’ restricting effect on the range of obtainable ground track directions. This paper introduces two new guidance strategies, one simple and one advanced, that address high wind scenarios directly. First, they take into account estimated wind field behavior between the current vehicle altitude and ground level, whether the estimates come from simple forward predictions, sharing of wind field estimates between systems, or ground-level weather station wind sensing. Second, their planned trajectories more fully exploit vehicle maneuverability, including the possibility of facing into high winds while flying backwards or even planning trajectories that first fly away from the target in anticipation of being blown to their intended destination later. Compared to reasonable baseline methods, the presented algorithms significantly improve miss performance in real-world high wind conditions without degrading performance in light and moderate winds. In addition, simulation tests show a marked performance improvement whether the wind field estimate is a simple forward-prediction or a high-quality estimate obtained via wind estimate sharing or ground-level sensing.
The therapeutic potential of cationic peptides (1998)

Novel classes of antibiotics that are useful against resistant bacteria are a major need in human medicine. Cationic antimicrobial peptides are utilised as nature's antibiotics, being produced constitutively or in response to infection in virtually every type of organism from plants and insects to man. Thus, these peptides are now being considered as potential antibiotics for infections. They have the following assets: structural diversity, rapid bactericidal action, a broad spectrum of activity that includes most of the clinically important resistant pathogens, and several ancillary activities which can include antifungal, antiviral, anti-endotoxin activities, and promotion of wound healing. Cationic peptides and proteins are now proceeding through clinical trials as topical antibiotics and anti-endotoxins.
IDENTIFICATION OF BLADDER CANCER MARKER GENES USING MICROARRAYS: UTILIZATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009IDENTIFICATION OF BLADDER CANCER MARKER GENES USING MICROARRAYS: UTILIZATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM Lourdes Mengual, Moises Burset, Elisabet Ars, Juan Jose Lozano, Humberto Villavicencio, Maria J Ribal, and Antonio Alcaraz Lourdes MengualLourdes Mengual More articles by this author , Moises BursetMoises Burset More articles by this author , Elisabet ArsElisabet Ars More articles by this author , Juan Jose LozanoJuan Jose Lozano More articles by this author , Humberto VillavicencioHumberto Villavicencio More articles by this author , Maria J RibalMaria J Ribal More articles by this author , and Antonio AlcarazAntonio Alcaraz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60995-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "IDENTIFICATION OF BLADDER CANCER MARKER GENES USING MICROARRAYS: UTILIZATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), pp. 349–350 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 349-350 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Lourdes Mengual More articles by this author Moises Burset More articles by this author Elisabet Ars More articles by this author Juan Jose Lozano More articles by this author Humberto Villavicencio More articles by this author Maria J Ribal More articles by this author Antonio Alcaraz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Current-ripple-based control strategy to achieve low-frequency ripple cancellation in single-stage high-power LED driver (2015)

This paper proposes a new current-ripple-based control strategy for the Series Ripple Cancellation Converter (Series RCC), which eliminates LED light flicker caused by Power Factor Correction (PFC) stage and significantly reduces its output capacitance. Instead of sensing two differential output voltage signals as in existing voltage-ripple-based control strategy, the proposed current-ripple-based control strategy achieves series ripple cancellation only by sensing the LED current information. The proposed control strategy significantly simplifies the control circuitry. In addition, the proposed control strategy allows input voltage of the Series RCC to tightly track its output voltage peak value with no extra control circuit, thus minimizing the RCC component voltage stress as well as the RCC loss. A 100W, 150V-0.67A experimental prototype has been built to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Antiparallel pinned NiO spin valve sensor for GMR head application (invited) (2000)

NiO antiferromagnetic material possesses certain advantages for spin valve applications and has attracted considerable attention. Some of the key advantages are its insulating properties, very high corrosion resistance, less sensitivity to composition, and its low reset temperature. This material, however, has a low blocking temperature which prevents its application to simple spin valve designs. The use of this material in spin valve structures required significant improvements in thermal stability, blocking temperature, and the spin valve design. In the present study, the blocking temperature and the blocking temperature distribution of the NiO films have been improved by depositing the films reactively using ion beam sputtering. A number of improvements in the processing method and deposition system had to be made to allow full NiO spin valve deposition for mass production. Another critical part was the use of antiparallel pinned design in place of the simple design to improve the thermal stability of the NiO spin valves as read elements at disk drive temperatures. The selection of the ferromagnetic pinned layers and the Ru spacer thickness in AP-pinned spin valves has significant impact on the behavior of the devices. These spin valves are all bottom type, NiO/PL1/Ru/PL2/Cu/Co/NiFe/Ta, where the metallic portion of the spin valve is deposited on top of the NiO AF layer. The PL1 and PL2 are ferromagnetic layers comprising NiFe and Co layers. Read elements have been made using these spin valves that delivered areal densities of 12 Gbit/in. These topics and other improvements which resulted in successful use of NiO spin valves as GMR heads in hard disk drives will be discussed.
RF Impedance Sensor for Antenna-Tuning Front Ends (2019)

A method for complex RF impedance sensing is proposed. The method is based on using a scalar impedance meter and an impedance tuning network for sensing the complex load impedance. The scalar measurements are conducted three times for different settings of the digitally controlled tuning network after which the load impedance is evaluated based on the scalar outputs from the reflectometer. The measurements of the prototype device are demonstrated. The target application for the presented system and method is the antenna-tuning front end of the multiantenna cellular handheld devices.
MinBD: A Minimally-Buffered Deflection Router Approaching Conventional Buffered-Router Performance (2011)

As interconnect becomes an important component of modern Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs), significant work has gone into finding the best tradeoff between performance and energy efficiency for the Network-on-Chip (NoC). Increasing core counts lead to high bandwidth demands and tight power and area constraints. One recent line of work examines bufferless deflection routing, which eliminates buffers in the NoC and instead handles contention by deflecting (misrouting) traffic. While bufferless NoC design has shown promising area and power reductions, and offers similar performance to conventional buffered designs for many workloads, such designs provide lower throughput than conventional, more complex, buffered routers at high network load. This degradation is a significant hurdle for widespread adoption of bufferless NoCs. In this work, we introduce a new minimally-buffered deflection router design, MinBD (Minimally-Buffered Deflection), that aims to obtain the performance of buffered design with nearly the area and power reductions of bufferless design. Unlike past routers that combine buffers and deflection, MinBD buffers only a fraction of the traffic that passes through it, and it decides which traffic to buffer on a fine-grained basis. We observe that a significant portion of the performance degradation in bufferless networks comes not from fundamental limits of deflection routing, but from