gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examination of air transportation trip time variability (2019)

Scheduled air transportation is required to provide a service that is safe, consistent, and dependable, with reliable trip times and delays managed within acceptable limits. High trip time variability and delay in the current system are driven by multiple factors; The study objectives were: (1) to develop a comprehensive database for individual major U.S. airline domestic trips between 1995 and 2005; (2) to explore the central tendency and variability of airline gate-to-gate trip times and delays; (3) to develop values for unconstrained, or unimpeded, trip times, and (4) to develop traveler and airline delay and variability costs relative to unimpeded trip times; The research used U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) data for scheduled domestic airline trips reported by major U.S. air carriers between 1995 and 2005. For valuing air carrier cost savings, this research estimated variable costs for individual trips, based on individual carrier financial reports to U.S. DOT; The research used reported trip times as a primary indicator, unimpeded trip times as a reference, and attached a cost to the excess of reported trip time over unimpeded trip time at the individual flight level. This approach represents a process for evaluating the time savings and operating cost impacts of measures for increasing capacity and reducing impedance in U.S. domestic scheduled air transportation; Areas in which trip time variability and delay impose a high penalty on travelers and airlines were identified. The most important study results concerned disproportionately higher delays and costs relative to: (1) origin and destination airports and corridors; (2) times of day; and (3) the days with highest delays. The main areas were arrivals and departures at leading airports (40 percent of flights and 55 percent of costs), flight departures and arrivals between noon and early evening (50 percent of flights and 60 percent of costs), and during the 40 percent of days in which there were heavy system wide delays (55 percent of costs) costs appropriate to time changes on individual trips, the magnitude of penalties incurred by impeded trips were estimated relative to unimpeded trips. These were: 150 million annual excess traveler hours per year; {dollar}8 billion annual excess air carrier operating costs; with 400 million annual gallons of excess jet fuel consumption. The costs of impeded trips added about 10 percent (or about {dollar}3.4 billion annually) to airline variable operating costs during the study period.
Direct comparison of small RNA and transcription factor signaling (2012)

Small RNAs (sRNAs) and proteins acting as transcription factors (TFs) are the principal components of gene networks. These two classes of signaling molecules have distinct mechanisms of action; sRNAs control mRNA translation, whereas TFs control mRNA transcription. Here, we directly compare the properties of sRNA and TF signaling using mathematical models and synthetic gene circuits in Escherichia coli. We show the abilities of sRNAs to act on existing target mRNAs (as opposed to TFs, which alter the production of future target mRNAs) and, without needing to be first translated, have surprisingly little impact on the dynamics. Instead, the dynamics are primarily determined by the clearance rates, steady-state concentrations and response curves of the sRNAs and TFs; these factors determine the time delay before a target gene's expression can maximally respond to changes in sRNA and TF transcription. The findings are broadly applicable to the analysis of signaling in gene networks, and we demonstrate that they can be used to rationally reprogram the dynamics of synthetic circuits.
New Endosperm Mutations Induced by Chemical Mutagens in Rice Oryza sativa L. (1981)

Various kinds of mutations for endosperm or embryo character were induced in rice by treatment with three kinds of chemical mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ethylene imine (EI) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). MNU induced few mutations in the treatment of dry seeds, but considerably more through the treatment of fertilized egg cells. The frequency of endosperm mutations was lower than that of chlorophyll mutations. The white core mutation was induced most frequently among mutations for endosperm or embryo character. Each of the mutants, except for floury mutant CM 2055, was controlled by a single recessive gene. Dull mutants were intermediate between waxy and non-waxy rice in the degrees of translucence and of staining by I-KI solution. The degrees of them were different among lines, although they were almost the same within a line. The phenotypic manifestations of white core and floury mutants were caused by the loose packing of round compound starch granules in their endosperm cells. From the analogy of grain features of rice with maize, the glassy and the floury types of wrinkled mutation were named as 'sugary' and 'shrunken', respectively. In addition to various endosperm mutations, a mutation for embryo character, 'giant embryo', was induced.
Alahopcin, a new dipeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces albulus subsp. ochragerus subsp. nov. (1985)

An actinomycete strain No. B-52653 was found to produce an antibiotic selectively active against the in vitro antibiotic resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus. Based on taxonomic studies, the name Streptomyces albulus subsp. ochragerus subsp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The microorganism produced two kinds of antibiotics; one identical with gougerotin, the other an amphoteric water soluble dipeptide containing L-alanine. The latter has the molecular formula C9H15N3O6 and is named alahopcin. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum and a synergistic effect with some other antibiotics against some antibiotic resistant staphylococci. Alahopcin has a low toxicity and was effective against experimental infections in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Biorelevant Calcification and Non‐Cytotoxic Behavior in Silicon Nanowires (2005)

Silicon nanowires develop a uniform synthetic bone coating under an electric-field bias in simulated body fluid. The hydroxyapatite-coated nanowires (see Figure) support fibroblast attachment and proliferation, and remain responsive to electrical bias even after coating, providing a system for electric-field modulated tissue regeneration. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c1362_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Digital Mail: An User Demand and Verification-aware Mobile Application Featuring Parcel Delivery for the Bangladeshi Postal Services (2022)

Over the years, the Post-office plays an excellent role to raise the standard of people's life by connecting people through the postal package delivery services along with other socio-economic services. With the progress of the digital age, nowadays peoples want more faster and reliable postal services. To cope up with people's expectations, Bangladeshi post-offices require user demand and verification-aware digital mobile applications for the postal services. At present, the existing work on Bangladeshi postal services do not present any intelligent digital mail mobile application by considering user demand-aware postal package delivery, login/signup system for users and officials, package tracking and receiver verification by using QR code, different bill payment option, nearby post-office suggestion, complaint regarding service delivery, help, and customer notification regarding the package delivery at the same time. To overcome the existing issues, this paper presents a user demand and verification-aware 'digital mail’ mobile application featuring flexible parcel delivery for the Bangladeshi post offices. The proposed mobile application offers several facilities for postal services like user verification, login, demand-aware package submission, payment, package notification, and delivery, parcel tracking, user feedback, and help features. The user feedback results with almost 85% users satisfaction indicate the necessity of the proposed system.
Investigation of carbon void defects on hard disk surfaces (2005)

A carbon void on a hard disk surface is a defect that occurs during the carbon sputter deposition process for the manufacture of hard disks. Because the carbon overcoat on hard disk surfaces acts as a barrier to corrosion, it is essential to reduce the number and size of carbon voiddefects. In the present study, carbon void defects on hard disk surfaces were studied using various failure analysis tools. The influence of the substrate bias voltage on the number and size of carbon void defects was also investigated. The results of the failure analysis show that there wasa 40–50% loss in recorded magnetic bit signal due to an increase in the gap between a recording head and a hard disk surface with carbon void defects. Removing the bias voltage on the substrate during the sputtering process reduced the carbon void defects significantly. The average numberof carbon void defects per disk surface was reduced from 4 to 0·5. In addition, the average size of the carbon void defect was reduced from 8 μm to 3·8 μm.
A VCVS-based equivalent circuit model for static substrate thermal coupling (2002)

An R/sub TH/-VCVS equivalent circuit approach is presented which allows thermal coupling to be accurately represented in circuit simulation. The method is applied to a multi-segment GaAs HBT device, and current gain collapse is successfully predicted with physical model parameters.
An Iterative Receiver with Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Over a Time and Frequency Dispersive Fading Channel (2007)

A joint iterative channel estimation and data detection receiver is proposed in this paper for multiple-input- multiple-output orthogonal frequency deivision multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system, which employs two mandatory MIMO profiles as in IEEE 802.16e MIMO mobile WiMAX system, namely Alamouti space time coding (STC) and spatial multiplexing (SM), over time and frequency dispersive fading channel. A novel channel estimator with time-domain and frequency-domain combining of channel estimates from preamble/pilot/soft decoded data information is proposed and integrated with maximum ratio combining (MRC) data detector and co-antenna interference canceler (IC) for STC system and SM system respectively. Numerical results show that the proposed receiver has 2dB gain compared to conventional non-iterative receivers in pedestrian low mobility condition and more than 6dB gain in vehicular high Doppler environment.
A Transmit Antenna Selection Diversity Scheme for Wireless Communications (2005)

This paper presents a simple diversity scheme by selecting the transmit antennas according to the feedback channel state information. Compare with the simple transmit diversity scheme using two transmit antennas and one receive antenna (STD/spl I.bar/2Tx1Rx), it obtains better performance of 1.5 dB and requires almost half radiated power.
Facile fabrication of HDPE-g-MA/nanodiamond nanocomposites via one-step reactive blending (2012)

In this letter, nanocomposites based on maleic anhydride grafted high density polyethylene (HDPE-g-MA) and amine-functionalized nanodiamond (ND) were fabricated via one-step reactive melt-blending, generating a homogeneous dispersion of ND, as evidenced by transmission electron microscope observations. Thermal analysis results suggest that addition of ND does not affect significantly thermal stability of polymer matrix in nitrogen. However, it was interestingly found that incorporating pure ND decreases the thermal oxidation degradation stability temperature, but blending amino-functionalized ND via reactive processing significantly enhances it of HDPE in air condition. Most importantly, cone tests revealed that both ND additives and reactive blending greatly reduce the heat release rate of HDPE. The results suggest that ND has a potential application as flame retardant alternative for polymers. Tensile results show that adding ND considerably enhances Young's modulus, and reactive blending leads to further improvement in Young's modulus while hardly reducing the elongation at break of HDPE.
The ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is a phosphoprotein that associates with the cytoskeleton (1997)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major human pathogen in the developing world. In the absence of an in vitro culture system, very little information exists on the basic biology of the virus. A small protein (approximately 13.5 kDa) of unknown function, pORF3, is encoded by the third open reading frame of HEV. We expressed pORF3 in transiently transfected COS-1 and Huh-7 cells and showed that it is a phosphoprotein which is modified at a serine residue(s). Deletion and site-directed mutants were created to establish Ser-80 as the phosphorylation site. This residue is present within a conserved primary sequence that showed consensus sites for phosphorylation by p34cdc2 kinase (cdc2K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In vitro experiments with hexahistidine-tagged pORF3 expressed either in Escherichia coli or in COS-1 cells showed efficient phosphorylation with exogenously added MAPK. The pORF3 mutants also exhibited an in vitro phosphorylation profile with MAPK which was identical to that observed in vivo. In its primary sequence, pORF3 possesses two highly hydrophobic N-terminal domains. On subcellular fractionation, pORF3 was found to partition with the cytoskeletal fraction, and this association with the cytoskeleton was lost on deletion of hydrophobic domain I (amino acid residues 1 to 32). These results suggest that HEV pORF3 is a cytoskeleton-associated phosphoprotein and are discussed in terms of a possible function for pORF3 within the HEV replicative cycle.
Elastic shape morphing of ultralight structures by programmable assembly (2019)

Ultralight materials present an opportunity to dramatically increase the efficiency of load-bearing aerostructures. To date, however, these ultralight materials have generally been confined to the laboratory bench-top, due to dimensional constraints of the manufacturing processes. We show a programmable material system applied as a large-scale, ultralight, and conformable aeroelastic structure. The use of a modular, lattice-based, ultralight material results in stiffness typical of an elastomer (<i>2.6 MPa</i>) at a mass density typical of an aerogel (<i>5.6</i> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:msup><mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). This, combined with a building block based manufacturing and configuration strategy, enables the rapid realization of new adaptive structures and mechanisms. The heterogeneous design with programmable anisotropy allows for enhanced elastic and global shape deformation in response to external loading, making it useful for tuned fluid-structure interaction. We demonstrate an example application experiment using two building block types for the primary structure of a <i>4.27m</i> wingspan aircraft, where we spatially program elastic shape morphing to increase aerodynamic efficiency and improve roll control authority, demonstrated with full-scale wind tunnel testing.
Regulation of Cyclin B2 Expression and Cell Cycle G2/M Transition by Menin (2010)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) results from mutations in tumor suppressor gene Men1, which encodes nuclear protein menin. Menin up-regulates certain cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors through increasing histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation and inhibits G(0)/G(1) to S phase transition. However, little is known as to whether menin controls G(2)/M-phase transition, another important cell cycle checkpoint. Here, we show that menin expression delays G(2)/M phase transition and reduces expression of Ccnb2 (encoding cyclin B2). Menin associates with the promoter of Ccnb2 and reduces histone H3 acetylation, a positive chromatin marker for gene transcription, at the Ccnb2 locus. Moreover, Men1 ablation leads to an increase in cyclin B2 expression, histone H3 acetylation at the Ccnb2 locus, and G(2)/M transition. In contrast, knockdown of cyclin B2 diminishes the number of cells at M phase and reduces cell proliferation. Furthermore, menin interferes with binding of certain positive transcriptional regulators, such as nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), E2 factors (E2Fs), and histone acetyltransferase CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein)-binding protein (CBP) to the Ccnb2 locus. Notably, MEN1 disease-related mutations, A242V and L22R, abrogate the ability of menin to repress cyclin B2 expression and G(2)/M transition. Both of the mutants fail to reduce the acetylated level of the Ccnb2 locus. Together, these results suggest that menin-mediated repression of cyclin B2 is crucial for inhibiting G(2)/M transition and cell proliferation through a previously unrecognized molecular mechanism for menin-induced suppression of MEN1 tumorigenesis.
AUTOMATED SHAPE-BASED PAVEMENT CRACK DETECTION APPROACH (2018)

Pavements are critical man-made infrastructure systems that undergo repeated traffic and environmental loadings. Consequently, they deteriorate with time and manifest certain distresses. To ensure long-lasting performance and appropriate level of service, they need to be preserved and maintained. Highway agencies routinely employ semiautomated and automated image-based methods for network-level pavement-cracking data collection, and there are different types of pavement-cracking data collected by highway agencies for reporting and management purposes. We design a shape-based crack detection approach for pavement health monitoring, which takes advantage of spatial distribution of potential cracks. To achieve this, we first extract Potential Crack Components (PCrCs) from pavement images. Next, we employ polynomial curve to fit all pixels within these components. Finally, we define a Shape Metric (SM) to distinguish crack blocks from background. We experiment the shape-based crack detection approach on different datasets, and compare detection results with an alternate method that is based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier. Experimental results prove that our approach has the capability to produce higher detections and fewer false alarms. Additional research is needed to improve the robustness and accuracy of the developed approach in the presence of anomalies and other surface irregularities.
Resposta de cultivares de milho à distribuição de plantas na linha, com e sem controle de plantas daninhas (1996)

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a existência de resposta diferencial de cultivares de milho, prolíficas e não prolíficas, ao arranjo de plantas, com e sem controle de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi conduzido na safra de 1993/1994, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de dois sistemas de manejo (com e sem controle de plantas daninhas), de três genótipos (XL330-P3230 e XL370) e de cinco formas de distribuição de plantas na linha (uma, duas, três e quatro por cova e um sistema de distribuição desuniforme de plantas). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o rendimento de grãos não foi influenciado pela alteração na distribuição de plantas na linha. A competição interespecífica ocorrida no sistema sem controle de plantas daninhas foi intensa, provocando decréscimo no rendimento de grãos, independente do tipo de distribuição de plantas. Houve redução do número de espigas por planta com a utilização da forma de distribuição desuniforme de plantas, entretanto, este sistema não acarretou decréscimos no rendimento de grãos. O peso de mil grãos, o número de grãos por espiga, a altura de inserção da espiga e a estatura da planta não foram afetados pela forma de distribuição de plantas adotada.
IQGAP1 Stimulates Proliferation and Enhances Tumorigenesis of Human Breast Epithelial Cells (2007)

The scaffold protein IQGAP1 integrates signaling pathways and participates in diverse cellular activities. IQGAP1 is overexpressed in a number of human solid neoplasms, but its functional role in tumorigenesis has not been previously evaluated. Here we report that IQGAP1 contributes to neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cells. The amount of IQGAP1 in breast carcinoma is greater than that in normal tissue, with highly metastatic breast epithelial cells expressing the highest levels. Overexpression of IQGAP1 enhances proliferation of MCF-7 breast epithelial cells. Reduction of endogenous IQGAP1 by RNA interference impairs both serum-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells. Consistent with these in vitro observations, immortalized MCF-7 cells overexpressing IQGAP1 form invasive tumors in immunocompromised mice, whereas tumors derived from MCF-7 cells with stable knockdown of IQGAP1 are smaller and less invasive. In vitro analysis with selected IQGAP1 mutant constructs and a chemical inhibitor suggests that actin, Cdc42/Rac1, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway contribute to the mechanism by which IQGAP1 increases cell invasion. Collectively, our data reveal that IQGAP1 enhances mammary tumorigenesis, suggesting that it may be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Monoalkyl and monoanilide yttrium complexes containing tridentate pyridyl-1-azaallyl dianionic ligands (2011)

A series of pyridyl-1-azaallyl ligand precursors (HL1-HL5) were synthesized via condensation of pyridine ketones with anilines. The alkane elimination reactions between Y(CH(2)SiMe(3))(3)(THF)(2) and HL4 or HL5 gave the monoalkyl complexes (L4-H)YCH(2)SiMe(3)(THF) (1) and (L5-H)YCH(2)SiMe(3)(THF) (2) supported by new tridentate pyridyl-1-azaallyl dianionic ligands. The reactions of monoalkyl complexes, 1 and 2, with one equivalent of 2,6-diisopropylaniline produced the corresponding monoanilide complexes, (L4-H)YNHAr(THF) (3) and (L5-H)YNHAr(THF) (4) (Ar = 2,6-((i)Pr)(2)C(6)H(3)), via highly selective protonolysis of the terminal alkyl Y-CH(2)SiMe(3) bond. Complexes 1-4 are active for intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes.
Formulating for efficacy<sup>1</sup> (2004)

Active ingredients have been around in cosmetics for a long time but have they really resulted in active cosmetic products? In order to achieve this, the right active needs to be delivered to the right location at the right concentration for the correct period of time. And the extent (and therefore the concentration) of this delivery depends on the formulation. From a rather theoretical approach based on the polarity of the active ingredient, the stratum corneum and the oil phase, the Relative Polarity Index was established that enables the selection of a suitable emollient for ensuring skin penetration of the active ingredient. Practical examples subsequently show the validity of this approach that demonstrates that one can regulate the delivery of an active molecule (and therefore the efficacy of a cosmetic formulation) by selection and control of the emollient system. Cosmetic formulations are generally quite complex mixtures and subsequent experiments using different emulsifier systems indicated that this component of a cosmetic formulation could also have an impact on steering the active ingredient to the right layer of the skin, although it is too early to be able to derive general rules from this.