gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Cloning of an α-1,2-Fucosyltransferase That Catalyzes the Last Step of Cell Wall Xyloglucan Biosynthesis in Pea (2000)

Pea microsomes contain an alpha-fucosyltransferase that incorporates fucose from GDP-fucose into xyloglucan, adding it preferentially to the 2-O-position of the galactosyl residue closest to the reducing end of the repeating subunit. This enzyme was solubilized with detergent and purified by affinity chromatography on GDP-hexanolamine-agarose followed by gel filtration. By utilizing peptide sequences obtained from the purified enzyme, a cDNA clone was isolated that encodes a 565-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa and shows 62.3% identity to its Arabidopsis homolog. The purified transferase migrates at approximately 63 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but elutes from the gel filtration column as an active protein of higher molecular weight ( approximately 250 kDa), indicating that the active form is an oligomer. The enzyme is specific for xyloglucan and is inhibited by xyloglucan oligosaccharides and by the by-product GDP. The enzyme has a neutral pH optimum and does not require divalent ions. Kinetic analysis indicates that GDP-fucose and xyloglucan associate with the enzyme in a random order. N-Ethylmaleimide, a cysteine-specific modifying reagent, had little effect on activity, although several other amino acid-modifying reagents strongly inhibited activity.
Derivation of Corneal Endothelial Cell-Like Cells from Rat Neural Crest Cells In Vitro (2012)

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of inducing rat neural crest cells (NCC) to differentiate to functional corneal endothelial cell (CEC)-like cells in vitro. Rat NCC were induced with adult CEC-derived conditioned medium. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and real time RT-PCR assay were used to detect expression of the corneal endothelium differentiation marker N-cadherin and transcription factors FoxC1 and Pitx2. CFDA SE-labeled CEC-like cells were transplanted to the corneal endothelium of a rat corneal endothelium deficiency model, and an eye-down position was maintained for 24 hours to allow cell attachment. The animals were observed for as long as 2 months after surgery and underwent clinical and histological examination. Spindle-like NCC turned to polygonal CEC-like after induction and expressed N-cadherin, FoxC1, Pitx2, zonula occludens-1 and sodium-potassium pump Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. The corneas of the experimental group were much clearer than those of the control group and the mean corneal thickness in the experimental group was significantly less than in the control group7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery. Confocal microscopy through focusing and histological analysis confirmed that green fluorescence-positive CEC-like cells formed a monolayer covering the Descemet's membrane in the experimental group. In conclusion, CEC-like cells derived from NCCs displayed characters of native CEC, and the induction protocol provides guidance for future human CEC induction from NCC.
Superconductivity in FCC MO /SUB x/ NB /SUB 1-x/ (N /SUB y/ C /SUB 1-y/ ) /SUB z/ thin films (1985)

In an attempt to prepare the predicted high superconducting transition temperature material MoN, films of Mo /SUB x/ Nb /SUB 1-x/ (N /SUB y/ C /SUB 1-y/ ) /SUB z/ where 0.930, 1.0>y>0.8, and 1.0>z>0.5, have been prepared in a UHV system by reactive rf sputtering of a split Mo-Nb target in mixtures of argon, nitrogen and cyanogen gases. These films prepared at elevated temperatures (600800 C) are all single phase FCC (B1) structure with varying amounts of nitrogen deficiencies. The lattice parameter and T /SUB c/ are smoothly varying functions of composition with a maximum T /SUB c/ of 18 K for NbN /SUB 0.8/ C /SUB 0.2/ . T /SUB c/ initially decreases with increasing Mo content reaches a minimum and begins to increase on the very Mo rich composition side where the nitrogen deficiencies in the structure are significant. Nitrogen implantation increases the lattice properties of the Nb rich samples.
Quantification, validation, and follow-up of small bowel motility in Crohn's disease (2015)

The use of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has become a mainstay in the evaluation, assessment and follow up of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease (CD), thanks to its high image quality and its non-ionizing nature. In particular, the advent of faster MRE sequences less sensitive to image-motion artifacts offers the possibility to obtain visual, structural and functional information of the patient’s small bowel. However, the inherent subjectivity of the mere visual inspection of these images often hinders the accurate identification and monitoring of the pathological areas. In this paper, we present a framework that provides quantitative and objective motility information of the small bowel from free-breathing MRE dynamic sequences. After compensating for the breathing motion of the patient, we create personalized peristaltic activity maps via optical flow analysis. The result is the creation of a new set of images providing objective and precise functional information of the small bowel. The accuracy of the new method was also evaluated from two different perspectives: objective accuracy (1.1 ± 0.6 mm/s of error), i.e., the ability of the system to provide quantitative and accurate information about the motility of moving bowel landmarks, and subjective accuracy (avg. difference of 0.7 ± 0.7 in a range of 1 to 5), i.e., the degree of agreement with the subjective evaluation of an expert. Finally, the practical utility of the new method was successfully evaluated in a preliminary study with 32 studies of healthy and CD cases, showing its potential for the fast and accurate assessment and follow up of CD in the small bowel.
Process to convert C/sub 2/-C/sub 3/ olefins to a gasoline blending stock (1984)

A process to convert propylene to gasoline blending stock products comprises contacting C/sub 2/-C/sub 3/ olefins under conversion conditions with an AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate catalyst composition.
Mesocellular Foam‐Supported Catalysts: Enhanced Activity and Recyclability for Ring‐Closing Metathesis. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
eNOS-β-Actin Interaction Contributes to Increased Peroxynitrite Formation during Hyperoxia in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells and Mouse Lungs (2010)

Oxygen toxicity is the most severe side effect of oxygen therapy in neonates and adults. Pulmonary damage of oxygen toxicity is related to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we investigated the effect of hyperoxia on the production of peroxynitrite in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) and mouse lungs. Incubation of PAEC under hyperoxia (95% O(2)) for 24 h resulted in an increase in peroxynitrite formation. Uric acid, a peroxynitrite scavenger, prevented hyperoxia-induced increase in peroxynitrite. The increase in peroxynitrite formation is accompanied by increases in nitric oxide (NO) release and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity. We have previously reported that association of eNOS with β-actin increases eNOS activity and NO production in lung endothelial cells. To study whether eNOS-β-actin association contributes to increased peroxynitrite production, eNOS-β-actin interaction were inhibited by reducing β-actin availability or by using a synthetic peptide (P326TAT) containing a sequence corresponding to the actin binding site on eNOS. We found that disruption of eNOS-β-actin interaction prevented hyperoxia-induced increases in eNOS-β-actin association, eNOS activity, NO and peroxynitrite production, and protein tyrosine nitration. Hyperoxia failed to induce the increases in eNOS activity, NO and peroxynitrite formation in COS-7 cells transfected with plasmids containing eNOS mutant cDNA in which amino acids leucine and tryptophan were replaced with alanine in the actin binding site on eNOS. Exposure of mice to hyperoxia resulted in significant increases in eNOS-β-actin association, eNOS activity, and protein tyrosine nitration in the lungs. Our data indicate that increased association of eNOS with β-actin in PAEC contributes to hyperoxia-induced increase in the production of peroxynitrite which may cause nitrosative stress in pulmonary vasculature.
Reliable and self-repairing sram in nano-scale technologies using leakage and delay monitoring (2006)

The inter-die and intra-die variations in process parameters result in large number of failures in an SRAM array degrading the design yield. In this paper, we propose an adaptive repairing technique for SRAM based on leakage and delay monitoring. Leakage and delay monitoring is used to effectively separate dies with different inter-die Vts from each other. Using the leakage (or delay) monitoring and adaptive body bias, we propose a reliable and self-repairing SRAM which has reduced number of parametric failures under high inter-die and intra-die Vt variations. The proposed self-repairing SRAM improves the design yield by 5%-40% in predictive 70nm technology from BPTM.
Titania Nanotubes Prepared by Chemical Processing (1999)

We report a new method for the synthesis of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes. When anatase-phase- or rutile-phase-containing TiO2 was treated with an aqueous solution of 5–10 M NaOH for 20 h at 110 °C and then with HCl aqueous solution and distilled water, needle-shaped TiO2 products were obtained (diameter ≈ 8 nm, length ≈ 100 nm). The needle-shaped products are nanotubes with inner diameters of approximately 5 nm and outer diameters of approximately 8 nm. The formation mechanism of titania nanotubes is discussed in terms of the detailed observation of the products by transmission electron microscopy: the crystalline raw material is first converted to an amorphous product through alkali treatment, and subsequently, titania nanotubes are formed after treatment with distilled water and HCl aqueous solution.
Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against acetaldehyde-containing epitopes in acetaldehyde-protein adducts. (1986)

Immunization of mice with acetaldehyde conjugated to human plasma proteins resulted in the production of polyclonal antibodies that reacted with erythrocyte protein-acetaldehyde conjugates, but not with control erythrocyte proteins. Such antibodies recognized erythrocyte protein-acetaldehyde conjugates prepared with 20-100 microM acetaldehyde, concentrations that exist in the blood of alcoholics. The antibodies also recognized acetaldehyde condensation products with synthetic poly-(L-lysine). Immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin-acetaldehyde conjugates resulted in antibodies against both plasma protein-acetaldehyde and erythrocyte protein-acetaldehyde conjugates, which did not cross-react with the respective unmodified carrier proteins. Immunization with human erythrocyte protein-acetaldehyde condensates led to the production of antibodies against both the protein moiety as well as the condensate. Monoclonal antibodies with affinities 50 times greater for the condensate than for the carrier protein were produced by hybridization of spleen cells from the immunized mice. Chronic alcohol administration to mice for 45-50 days led to the generation of antibodies that reacted against protein-acetaldehyde conjugates, suggesting that such adducts are formed in vivo and can act as neoantigens. Antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts should be of value in the identification of alcohol consumption and in the study of the biology of the adducts in relation to organ pathology.
Thraustochytrid<i>Aurantiochytrium</i>sp. 18W-13a Accummulates High Amounts of Squalene (2011)

Here we report on the 18W-13a strain of Aurantiochytrium sp., which accumulates very high amounts of squalene. The squalene contents and production at 4 d of culture were 198 mg/g and 1.29 ± 0.13 g/L, respectively, exceptionally high values compared to previous reports.
Nanoengineered astronomical optics (2004)

We describe a technology for the fabrication of inexpensive and versatile mirrors through the use of a new type of nanoengineered optical material composed by the spreading of a self-assembling reflective colloidal film spread at the surface of a liquid. These new reflecting liquids offer interesting possibilities for astronomical instrumentation. For example, they can replace mercury in conventional rotating liquid mirrors. The main advantages offered include extremely low cost and, by coating a viscous liquid, the possibility of tilting the mirror by a few tens of degrees. We also have coated ferromagnetic liquids with these reflecting films. The resulting surfaces can be shaped by the application of a magnetic field, yielding reflecting surfaces that can have complicated shapes that can rapidly shift with time. These inexpensive and versatile optical elements could have numerous scientific and technological applications. Among possible astronomical applications, they could be used to make large inexpensive adaptive mirrors exhibiting strokes ranging from nanometers to several millimeters.
Hardware acceleration of lucky-region fusion (LRF) algorithm for imaging (2014)

“Lucky-region” fusion (LRF) is a synthetic imaging technique that has proven successful in enhancing the quality of images distorted by atmospheric turbulence. The LRF algorithm extracts sharp regions of an image obtained from a series of short exposure frames, and fuses the sharp regions into a final, improved image. In our previous research, the LRF algorithm had been implemented on a PC using the C programming language. However, the PC did not have sufficient processing power to handle real-time extraction, processing and reduction required when the LRF algorithm was applied to real-time video from fast, high-resolution image sensors rather than single picture images. This document describes a hardware implementation of the LRF algorithm on a VIRTEX-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA) to achieve real-time image processing. The novelty in our approach is the creation of a “black box” LRF video processing system with a general camera link input, a user controller interface, and a camera link or DVI video output. We also describe a custom hardware simulation environment we have built to test our LRF implementation.
Scan Chain Diagnosis by Adaptive Signal Profiling with Manufacturing ATPG Patterns (2009)

In the past, software based scan chain defect diagnosis can be roughly classified into two categories (1) model-based algorithms, and (2) data-driven algorithms. In this paper we first analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each category of the chain diagnosis algorithms. Next, an adaptive signal profiling algorithm that can use manufacturing ATPG scan patterns is proposed for scan chain diagnosis. Finally, several case studies and their PFA results are presented to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Investigation of a Unique Macro/Micro Laser Machined Feature for Mechanical Face Seals With Low Leakage, Low Friction, and Low Wear (2011)

Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of micro dimple surface texturing on friction reduction in mechanical seals [1–7]. Optimum ratios for a dimple configuration, depth (h) to diameter (D) (Fig. 1), range from 0.02 to 0.5, and area density ratio, ratio of dimple area to seal face area, range from 20 to 55%. Within this range it has been shown that friction can be reduced by as much as 50%. These studies indicate that if the ratio of depth to dimple diameter is reduced below 0.02 a dramatic reduction in performance is seen. Also observed in one investigation [8] is the possibility that micro dimples can become filled with debris. This may degrade performance over time. This report will show that with the use of a unique macro/micro feature it is possible to achieve a reduction in friction of 65%, significantly lower face temperature, exhibit debris resistance, showing low to zero measureable leakage, and low to zero wear when compared to an untextured seal face. The term macro/micro feature is used to describe a feature that has a depth to size ratio, h/L (Fig.2), which is two orders of magnitude smaller than current dimple configurations, well below what may be considered useful from a performance standpoint. This new macro/micro feature, a tapered channel, demonstrates significant cavitation affects as well as hydrodynamic load support. These features are believed to be responsible for its low leakage as well as it low friction/wear characteristics.
MIMO Full-Duplex Precoding: A Joint Beamforming and Self-Interference Cancellation Structure (2014)

This paper presents a single- or multi-user Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) Full-Duplex (FD) precoding transceiver structure applicable for single-carrier and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The structure increases the dimensionality at the transmitter, which allow for the cancellation of self-interference and forward beamforming to be jointly processed using precoding at the transmitter. The FD Precoding (FDP) structure allows for various joint precoding algorithms and different optimization objectives. We present separate and joint precoding designs for sum-rate maximization and a theoretical analysis of when the separate design is optimal. The joint designs make use of Sequential Convex Programming (SCP). Extensive simulation results using both channel models and measured data show that the FDP structure can provide very significant performance gains over existing techniques for both SU- and MU-MIMO systems. In particular, the FDP structure provides between 1.6 and 1.8 times the spectral efficiency of optimized half-duplex for many of the tested SU-MIMO scenarios.
Blended polymer semiconductors (2008)

A method for forming a semiconductor body comprises: forming a mixt. of an org. semiconducting material (e.g., poly-3-hexylthiophene) and a binder (e.g., polyethylene) material; causing the semiconducting material to at least partially solidify; and causing the binder material to crystallize in such a way as to cause the semi conducting material to at least partially segregate from the binder material. [on SciFinder (R)]
A Physical Organic Approach to Tuning Reagents for Selective and Stable Methionine Bioconjugation (2019)

We report a data-driven, physical organic approach to the development of new methionine-selective bioconjugation reagents with tunable adduct stabilities. Statistical modeling of structural features described by intrinsic physical organic parameters was applied to the development of a predictive model and to gain insight into features driving the stability of adducts formed from the chemoselective coupling of oxaziridine and methionine thioether partners through Redox Activated Chemical Tagging (ReACT). From these analyses, a correlation between sulfimide stabilities and sulfimide ν (C═O) stretching frequencies was revealed. We exploited the rational gains in adduct stability exposed by this analysis to achieve the design and synthesis of a bis-oxaziridine reagent for peptide stapling. Indeed, we observed that a macrocyclic peptide formed by ReACT stapling at methionine exhibited improved uptake into live cells compared to an unstapled congener, highlighting the potential utility of this unique chemical tool for thioether modification. This work provides a template for the broader use of data-driven approaches to bioconjugation chemistry and other chemical biology applications.
Revisiting the Predictability of Language: Response Completion in Social Media (2012)

The question “how predictable is English?” has long fascinated researchers. While prior work has focused on formal English typically used in news articles, we turn to texts generated by users in online settings that are more informal in nature. We are motivated by a novel application scenario: given the difficulty of typing on mobile devices, can we help reduce typing effort with message completion, especially in conversational settings? We propose a method for automatic response completion. Our approach models both the language used in responses and the specific context provided by the original message. Our experimental results on a large-scale dataset show that both components help reduce typing effort. We also perform an information-theoretic study in this setting and examine the entropy of user-generated content, especially in conversational scenarios, to better understand predictability of user generated English. 1
New Industrial Process for Electrowinning of Nd-Fe Alloy (1990)

The process presented in this paper was developed to commercially produce neodymium-iron alloy by molten salt electrolysis for the first time in the world; the alloy is used principally for manufacture of magnets.
Experimental demonstration of iterative post-equalization algorithm for 375-Gbaud PM-16QAM quad-carrier Terabit superchannel (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate a quad-carrier 1-Tb/s solution with 37.5-GBaud PM-16QAM signal over 37.5-GHz optical grid at 6.7 b/s/Hz net spectral efficiency. Digital Nyquist pulse shaping at the transmitter and post-equalization at the receiver are employed to mitigate the impairments of joint inter-symbol-interference (ISI) and inter-channel-interference (ICI) symbol degradation. The post-equalization algorithms consist of one sample/symbol based decision-directed least mean square (DD-LMS) adaptive filter, digital post filter and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE), and a positive iterative process among them. By combining these algorithms, the improvement as much as 4-dB OSNR (0.1nm) at SD-FEC limit (Q(2) = 6.25 corresponding to BER = 2.0e-2) is obtained when compared to no such post-equalization process, and transmission over 820-km EDFA-only standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) link is achieved for two 1.2-Tb/s signals with the averaged Q(2) factor larger than 6.5 dB for all sub-channels. Additionally, 50-GBaud 16QAM operating at 1.28 samples/symbol in a DAC is also investigated and successful transmission over 410-km SSMF link is achieved at 62.5-GHz optical grid.
A survey on the modular multilevel converters &#x2014; Modeling, modulation and controls (2013)

This paper presents a technology review of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) which becomes a popular series of topologies and has been applied in industrial applications in recent years. This paper convers summary of key aspects of the MMC, including modeling, modulation approaches, circulating current control, voltage balancing control and system control algorithms. In addition, those converters related to or derived from the MMC are also discussed.
A Practical Testing Framework for Isolating Hardware Timing Channels (2013)

This work identifies a new formal basis for hardware information flow security by providing a method to separate timing flows from other flows of information. By developing a framework for identifying these different classes of information flow at the gate-level, one can either confirm or rule out the existence of such flows in a provable manner. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our presented model, we discuss its usage on a practical example: a CPU cache in a MIPS processor written in Verilog HDL and simulated in a scenario which accurately models previous cache-timing attacks. We demonstrate how our framework can be used to isolate the timing channel used in these attacks.