gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic nanocomposite thin film enabled fiber optic sensors for simultaneous gas and temperature sensing at extreme temperatures (2013)

Embedded sensors capable of operation in extreme environments including high temperatures, high pressures, and highly reducing, oxidizing and/or corrosive environments can make a significant impact on enhanced efficiencies and reduced greenhouse gas emissions of current and future fossil-based power generation systems. Relevant technologies can also be leveraged in a wide range of other applications with similar needs including nuclear power generation, industrial process monitoring and control, and aviation/aerospace. Here we describe a novel approach to embedded sensing under extreme temperature conditions by integration of Au-nanoparticle based plasmonic nanocomposite thin films with optical fibers in an evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy configuration. Such sensors can potentially enable simultaneous temperature and gas sensing at temperatures approaching 900-1000 °C in a manner compatible with embedded and distributed sensing approaches. The approach is demonstrated using the Au/SiO2 system deposited on silica-based optical fibers. Stability of optical fibers under relevant high temperature conditions and interactions with changing ambient gas atmospheres is an area requiring additional investigation and development but the simplicity of the sensor design makes it potentially cost-effective and may offer a potential for widespread deployment.
Increased separation effects by variable temperature stepwise desorption in multicomponent adsorbed phases (1989)

A desorption method has been developed to increase the separation obtained by adsorption-desorption processes where more components than desired are adsorbed. This method, referred to as variable temperature stepwise desorption (VTSD) is a novel desorption, with lower temperature desorption of certain products and higher temperature desorption of remaining products. 11 refs., 5 figs.
99mTc-labeled inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for imaging prostate cancer (2011)

We report a case of limbic encephalitis repeated aphasic status epilepticus with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). A 51-year-old man developed convulsions, psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, phobia and ease of anger, and Wernicke's aphasia. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed increase of leukocyte count (148/microl, mononuclear cells). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintensity lesions in the left medial temporal area and basal frontal area on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. The electroencephalography (EEG) showed PLEDs over the left hemisphere, occurring at intervals of 0.5-1 Hz. Although his limbic symptoms improved, Wernicke's aphasia occurred periodically with PLEDs appearance. After the administration of antiepileptic drugs, his language performance improved, and PLEDs were completely disappeared. We diagnosed him limbic encephalitis with non-convulsive repeated aphasic status epilepticus with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Aphasic status epilepticus should be considered in the patients with limbic encephalitis, and careful evaluation of aphasia and EEG should be necessary to diagnose of aphasic status epilepticus.
Optimizing File Replication over Limited-Bandwidth Networks using Remote Differential Compression (2006)

These findings strongly point at AU-SAR-M1 as a promising radiotherapeutic candidate when labeled with Lu-177, or other medically appealing therapeutic radiometals, especially when combined with in situ NEP-inhibition. To this goal further investigations are currently pursued.
Identification of novel antagonistic anti-PD-1 antibodies that are non-blocking of the PD-1 / PD-L1 interaction. (2016)

3072 Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that act through PD-1 blockade have had significant clinical success as cancer immunotherapeutic agents particularly in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancers with considerably lower toxicities compared to similar therapies. Current anti-PD-1 Abs have relied on the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Methods: A screening strategy was established to identify a panel of mAbs that bind with high affinity to diverse epitopes on PD-1. In vitro functional activity of the mAbs was evaluated by the capacity to restore proliferation to exhausted CD8 T cells from viremic HIV infected donors and using a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay (MLR). Results: Our studies show that antagonistic mAbs targeting PD-1 can be blocking or non-blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Compared to benchmark blocking mAbs (pembrolizumab and nivolumab), an epitope specific set of non-blocking anti-PD-1 mAbs have equivalent antagonistic activity in: 1) restoring proliferation to exhausted HIV specific CD8 T cells and 2) promoting proliferation and up-regulating IFNγ production of CD4 T cells in a MLR assay. Importantly, combinations of blocking and non-blocking anti-PD-1 mAbs synergize in significantly improving functional activity as to that achieved with either therapeutic agent alone. Conclusions: A panel of non-blocking mAbs targeting PD-1 with strong antagonistic activity have been generated and extensively characterized in their ability to recover exhausted antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells and to improve a variety of functions. Importantly, combination of non-blocking with blocking anti-PD-1 mAbs resulted in significantly improved functional activity. These results provide the scientific rationale to investigate whether combination therapy may enhance therapeutic benefit in cancer immunotherapy or whether non-blocking anti-PD-1 Abs may be effective in low PD-L1 positive tumors. Humanized non-blocker anti-PD-1 mAbs have been generated and are being advanced into clinical development.
A comparative study of multiple scatter estimations in 3D PET (2010)

We compare two methods with different accuracy in modeling of multiple scatter estimation in 3D PET. In the first approach, the single scatter is obtained from model-based simulation while the multiple scatter projections are estimated by convolving the single scatter projections with a one-dimensional Gaussian kernel. A new convolution kernel model is proposed, in which both the amplitude and width of the kernel are assumed to vary as a function of a filtered attenuation sinograms. In the second approach, both single and double scatter are calculated from model-based simulations using an implementation based on the STIR library (Software for Tomographic Image Reconstruction).
High Brightness Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide Lasers and Arrays (2007)

A slab coupled optical waveguide laser (SCOWL) is characterized. An n-type AlGaAs waveguide is used. Two distinctly different beam combination approaches are employed: wavelength beam combination (WBC) and coherent beam combination (CBC). The cavity configuration for the WBC and CBC are presented.
Reversible Bidirectional Shape‐Memory Polymers (2013)

Free-standing copolymer network samples with two types of crystallizable domains are capable of a fully reversible bidirectional shape-memory effect. One set of crystallizable domains determines the shape-shifting geometry while the other provides the thermally controlled actuation capability.
3‐(<b>N</b>‐tert‐Butylcarboxamido)‐1‐propyl and 4‐Oxopentyl Groups for Phosphate/Thiophosphate Protection in Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Synthesis (2002)

This unit provides procedures for the preparation of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites and appropriate phosphordiamidite precursors with P(III) protecting groups different than the standard 2-cyanoethyl group. Specifically, these phosphoramidites are functionalized with the 3-(N-tert-butylcarboxamido)-1-propyl or 4-oxopentyl groups. The usefulness of these novel deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites in the solid-phase synthesis of a 20-mer DNA oligonucleotide and its phosphorothioated analog is demonstrated. It is also shown that removal of the 3-(N-tert-butylcarboxamido)-1-propyl phosphate/thiophosphate-protecting group from these oligonucleotides is rapidly effected under thermolytic conditions at neutral pH, whereas the 4-oxopentyl group is preferably removed by treatment with pressurized ammonia gas or concentrated ammonium hydroxide at ambient temperature. These detailed methods constitute an economical and alkylation-free approach to large-scale preparations of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
Prospectively isolated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are enriched in the CD73+ population and exhibit efficacy after transplantation (2017)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which reside in the bone marrow (BM) and various other tissues, can self-renew and differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. Many groups have harvested rat MSCs (rMSCs) from rat BM (rBM) by using a flush-out procedure and have evaluated surface marker expression after long-term culture. However, MSCs gradually differentiate during expansion and exhibit altered proliferation rates, morphological features and functions in vitro. Variations in MSC isolation methods may alter the effectiveness of therapeutic applications. Here, on the basis of CD29 (Itgb1) and CD54 (Icam1) expression, we prospectively isolated a population with a high colony-forming ability and multi-lineage potential from the rBM, and we demonstrated that most of these cells expressed CD73. Successful engraftment of rMSCs was achieved by using a fluorescence-conjugated anti-CD73 antibody. In humans and mice, MSCs were also purified by CD73, thus suggesting that CD73 may serve as a universal marker for prospective isolation of MSCs. Our results may facilitate investigations of MSC properties and function.
A novel method to synchronize high-speed data converters (2016)

Phased array and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) radar systems are being developed with greater number of channels to achieve more flexibility, speed and range. Each channel contains either an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) - for a receiver channel - or a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) - for a transmission channel. In such large array, the channels need to be time synchronized as precisely as possible. This is one of the key to reach higher performance systems. One of the main synchronization to realize is at the data converter level. It is necessary to make sure that all channels sample the data at the precise same time to avoid errors in the transmission - such as corruption of orthogonality of an OFDM modulation. In system requiring small instantaneous bandwidth, and thus using low speed data converters (up to a few hundreds of megahertz), synchronizing the multiple channels is easier; the period of the system being larger. However for large instantaneous bandwidth - which relates to sampling rate - and high-speed data converters, synchronizing the channels become challenging. This paper presents an innovative method to synchronize high-speed data converters. This method uses a daisy chain approach with meta-stability detection and correction features to ease synchronizing large number of data converters. In this paper, the difficulty of high-speed synchronization will be discussed; the new method will be presented, along with its calibration and measurement results. Finally, the benefits and limitations of the method will be considered.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Macrocyclic Taxane Analogues. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Flexible, Heat-Resistant, and Flame-Retardant Glass Fiber Nonwoven/Glass Platelet Composite Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

A new type of high-temperature stable and self-supporting composite separator for lithium-ion batteries was developed consisting of custom-made ultrathin micrometer-sized glass platelets embedded in a glass fiber nonwoven together with a water-based sodium alginate binder. The physical and electrochemical properties were investigated and compared to commercial polymer-based separators. Full-cell configuration cycling tests at different current rates were performed using graphite and lithium iron phosphate as electrode materials. The glass separator was high-temperature tested and showed a stability up to at least 600 °C without significant shrinking. Furthermore, it showed an exceptional wettability for non-aqueous electrolytes. The electrochemical performance was excellent compared to commercially available polymer-based separators. The results clearly show that glass platelets integrated into a glass fiber nonwoven performs remarkably well as a separator material in lithium-ion batteries and show high-temperature stability.
Bidirectional Current Injection MVDC Circuit Breaker: Principle and Analysis (2018)

The medium-voltage dc (MVDC) interruption technology has grown in recent years, driven by increased interest in using MVDC system for integrating distributed renewable energy and improving the efficiency of power supply. In this paper, two topologies of current injection MVDC breaker are focused on. The first topology is based on conventional precharged capacitor that utilizes a bridge-type commutation branch to realize the freewheeling for the interrupter and bidirectional breaking. With the help of simulation, the effect of stray inductances on the current commutation capability is analyzed in detail, and then, a prototype of the MVDC breaker is built to test the fault current breaking performance. The second topology is an improved MVDC breaker based on magnetic induction current commutation module (MICCM). With MICCM analyzed carefully in terms of circuit and structure parameters for determining their optimal values, the prototype of the improved 10-kV dc breaker is built and tested, which validates the feasibility and effectiveness of improved topology.
Trajectory optimization in radiotherapy using sectioning (TORUS) (2017)

The TORUS algorithm is able to automatically generate trajectories having improved plan quality and delivery time over standard IMRT and VMAT treatments. TORUS offers an exciting and promising avenue forward toward increasing dynamic capabilities in radiation delivery.
Methodology of Spread-Spectrum Image Steganography (1998)

Abstract : This report presents a new method of digital steganography, entitled Spread-Spectrum Image Steganography (SSIS). Steganography, which means covered writing in Greek, is the science of communicating in a hidden manner. Following a brief history of this art and a discussion of steganographic communication theory, the new method, SSIS, is introduced. This system hides and recovers messages of substantial length within digital imagery while maintaining the original image size and dynamic range. The hidden messages can be recovered using appropriate keys without any knowledge of the original image. Image processing, error control coding, and spread-spectrum techniques utilized are described, and the performance of the technique is illustrated. A message embedded by this method can be in the form of text, imagery, or any other digital signal. Applications for such data-hiding scheme include in-band captioning, covert communication, image tamperproofing, authentication, embedded control, and revision tracking.
Sensitivity Limit of A Stand-Alone GPS Receiver and An Acquisition Method (2002)

This paper determines the sensitivity limit of a standalone
(or autonomous) global positioning system (GPS)
receiver. The sensitivity is limited to C/N0=24 dB due to
the navigation data phase transition rate. Acquisition
methods combining different coherent and incoherent
integrations can be used to achieve this sensitivity limit
and beyond. However, reliable navigation data cannot be
obtained from signals below this sensitivity limit.
Engineering analysis and development of the spheroid reservoir bioartificial liver (2009)

A significant demand exists for a liver support device such as a Bioartifical Liver (BAL) to treat patients experiencing acute liver failure. This descriptive paper outlines the design and development of two of the key components of the Mayo Spheroid Reservoir Bioartificial Liver (SRBAL) system. One of the components is the multifunctional Spheroid Reservoir and the other is Multi-shelf Rocker. The Spheroid Reservoir provides an environment to support the viability and functionality of the hepatocyte spheroids at very high cell densities. The Spheroid Reservoir is the biologically active component of this extracorporeal liver support device. Since the Spheroid Reservoir is designed to support 200-400 grams of hepatocyte spheroids, a method to quickly produce large quantities of spheroids is required. The Multi-Shelf Rocker fulfills the production requirement by allowing the culturing of up to six liters of hepatocyte suspension in a conventional laboratory incubator. The SRBAL is designed to provide life sustaining liver-like function to patients in acute liver failure.
Dynamic Modeling of Hybrid Feedforward Controlled Pulse Width Modulated Switching Converters (2020)

Hybrid feedforward control architecture is alternative to feedback control architecture and in many cases offers significant advantages over the later for synthesizing control of PWM converters. Stability of hybrid feedforward control architecture can be of concern and is analyzed here. To illustrate stability analysis, dynamic model is developed for two hybrid feedforward controllers implemented on DCM boost and four switch buck-boost converter-based PFC rectifiers. The dynamic model developed is shown to match with accurate time domain simulations for the cases presented. Experimental results verifying stable operation of the loop are also presented.
Simulation Study of Firewalls to Aid Improved Performance (2006)

The overall performance of a firewall is crucial in enforcing and administrating security, especially when the network is under attack. The continuous growth of the Internet, coupled with the increasing sophistication of the attacks, is placing stringent demands on firewall performance. Under such circumstances it becomes very vital to understand the fundamental behind firewalls and their operation. In this paper, we describe a simulation framework for the study and analysis of firewalls. Based on this framework, we design methodologies to inspect and analyze both multi-dimensional firewall rules and traffic logs information. The data used for this study was collected over a large set of firewall rules and traffic logs at tens of enterprise networks managed by a Tier-1 service provider. The analysis presented in the paper firmly state the importance of considering traffic information in the process of firewall optimization. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first attempt to show the relevance of considering traffic characteristics to aid firewall optimization.
An Origami Reconfigurable Axial-Mode Bifilar Helical Antenna (2015)

This communication presents a new reconfigurable origami bifilar helical antenna. This antenna can change its operating frequencies by changing its height. Also, analytical equations for the design of such antennas are derived based on an equivalent model of a standard helical antenna. An origami bifilar helical antenna is designed and its performance is verified using simulations and measurements.
Highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles supported on silica as catalyst for hydrogen production (2014)

A synthetic approach is developed to produce highly disperse, low loading (3.28 wt%) Pt nanoparticles incorporated silica (Pt-NP–S) with average diameter of 3.5 nm using economical and simple surface chemical modification and reduction processes.
GaAs MESFET's fabricated on monolithic GaAs/Si substrates (1984)

GaAs MESFET's have been fabricated for the first time on monolithic GaAs/Si substrates. The substrates were prepared by growing single-crystal GaAs layers on Si wafers that had been coated with a Ge layer deposited by e-beam evaporation. The MESFET's exhibit good transistor characteristics, with maximum transconductance of 105 mS/mm for a gate length of 2.1 µm.
The structure of the Cu2S layer of Cu2S/CdS thin-film solar cells (1979)

Techniques have been developed for separating the Cu2S layer from Cu2S/CdS thin-film solar cells by slowly dissolving away the CdS. Free-standing Cu2S layers, cemented-down Cu2S layers, Cu2S layers exposed after potting and cross sectioning, and replicas of Cu2S layers have been prepared and examined in the scanning electron microscope. The Cu2S morphology so disclosed is a complex composite of a conformal coating of the upper surface of the texture-etched CdS film and more or less vertical penetrations into the CdS film along grain boundaries. The texture etch of the CdS film opens deep [about (10–15) ×10−4 cm] etch pits from which a substantial portion of the Cu2S penetration into grain boundaries occurs. The thickness of the Cu2S layer of conventional CdS thin-film solar cells is about 1000 Å, though the thickness of some of the deeper penetrations may be less than 500 Å.
The Preparation of Desflurane by the Vapor-Phase Fluorination of Isoflurane (2011)

There are several known processes for manufacturing the commercially important anaesthetic desflurane (CF3CHFOCHF2) by the catalyzed reaction of commercially available isoflurane (CF3CHClOCHF2) with hydrogen fluoride. The present available methods have the disadvantage of high catalyst usage, with consequent environmental problems, or of having to trade off low conversion against low selectivity. An alternative catalyst system was therefore sought that would avoid these problems, but would still give the benefits of a vapor-phase process and, in particular, a long catalyst life. A catalyst consisting of antimony pentafluoride supported on activated carbon has now been found to provide the basis for a novel vapor-phase process for the fluorination of isoflurane to desflurane using hydrogen fluoride. The process operates with a long catalyst life, high conversion, and high selectivity.
Processing of High Strength Superalloy Components From Fine Grain Ingot (1988)

The utilization of high strength superalloys, such as MERL 76, for crittical gas turbine engine disks was made possible by the emergence of powder metallurgy technology. This paper clearly demonstrates that it is now possible to produce these superalloy components from fine grain ingot, without the need for powder. Potential advantages are lower cost and improved cleanliness (properties). Several alternative process methods are described, which incorporate either specialized thermal treatments and/or extrusion prior to forging. Work to date indicates that the processability and mechanical properties of parts made from fine grain ingot are at least equivalent to those made by powder metallurgy methods.