gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 5‐Amino‐2‐phenyl‐4(3H)‐pyrimidinone Derivatives Starting with Glycine. (2012)

Abstract The synthesis of title aminopyrimidinone (IV) is achieved by reaction of sodium hydroxymethyleneglycinate (II) with benzamidine (III).
Preparation of microcapsules of strong polyelectrolyte couples by one-step complex surface precipitation (2000)

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are fabricated by a one-step surface precipitation and by a layer-by-layer technique on decomposable colloids. The ternary solvent water/acetone/sodium bromide is adjusted properly keeping dissolved simultaneously the strong polyelectrolytes sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) and poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride). Microcapsules are characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning force microscopy. The capsules are dissolvable in the ternary solvent. Other dissolved strong polyelectrolyte couples and template-free preparation pathways are suggested.
[Abnormal expression of hepatitis B virus sequences integrated in human hepatocellular carcinomas]. (1992)

Although epidemiologic studies have clearly demonstrated the importance of the hepatitis B virus in the genesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, the molecular basis for this tumorigenic effect is still under debate. The finding of hepatitis B virus DNA integration into human liver DNA in many cases of hepatocellular carcinoma suggested that these integrated viral sequences may be involved in liver carcinogenesis. In an attempt to clarify this point, we studied 9 tumors which developed in non cirrhotic livers. All tumors contained viral integrations (ranging from 1 to 6 different integrants) and 4 showed abnormal hepatitis B virus mRNA (2.3 to 7.5 kilobases long). The analysis of the corresponding cDNAs revealed the existence of hybrid transcripts containing both genomic and viral sequences. In 2 cases, the viral-host junctions were mapped within the cohesive-end region of the hepatitis B virus genome leading to the production of a transcript encoding a 3' truncated X protein. In another case, the cellular sequences present in the co-transcript were located in 5' with respect to the hepatitis B virus sequences. This observation strongly suggests that, in this patient, integration took place near a cellular gene. Further analysis of this integrant should help in identifying the putative gene and its application in the development of the tumor. We conclude that the study of abnormal hepatitis B virus transcripts in liver tumors provides a positive approach to study the direct role of HBV in carcinogenesis as an insertional mutagen.
Regeneration of Sulfated Alumina Support in CuO/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Sorbent by Hydrogen (1996)

The effects of regeneration temperature, degree of sulfation, and the number of sulfation−regeneration cycle on the regeneration of sulfated CuO/γ-Al2O3 sorbent have been determined. Sulfates on copper and alumina sites in the sorbent start to be removed by 5 vol % H2 flow above 300 and 400 °C, respectively. From the nonisothermal reduction of the sulfates, the main component of the product gases is SO2. The amount of residual sulfur compound decreases with increasing regeneration temperature up to 450 °C, but it remains constant up to 500 °C. The pore volume of the regenerated sorbent recovers almost to that of the fresh sorbent at a reduction temperature of 500 °C. Sulfation activity of 8 wt % CuO/γ-Al2O3 sorbent decreases somewhat with the cycles up to 30 times due to degradation of the sorbent at 500 °C. On the other hand, the 5 wt % NaCl promoted sorbent is maintained up to 30 cycles at 440 °C without degradation of the sorbent.
Synthesis, Radiosynthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Carbon-11 and Fluorine-18 (<i>N</i>-Fluoroalkyl) Labeled 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4'-(3-furyl)phenyl)tropanes and -nortropanes:  Candidate Radioligands for in Vivo Imaging of the Serotonin Transporter with Positron Emission Tomography (2005)

2beta-Carbomethoxy-3beta-(4'-(3-furyl)phenyl)nortropane (1) was synthesized along with the N-methyl (2), N-fluoroethyl (3), N-fluoropropyl (4), and N-fluorobutyl (5) derivatives. The binding affinity for each compound to the human serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporters was determined using transfected HEK-293 cells. Radiolabeling and microPET brain imaging studies were performed with [(11)C]1, [(11)C]2, and [(18)F]3 to determine their utility as in vivo imaging agents.
Velocity Compaction - Theory and Performance (1987)

ABSTRACT Velocity compaction is an ion focusing principle applicable to pulsed ion source time-of-flight mass spectrometers, and is designed for achieving improved mass resolution. A quantitative view of the effect of velocity compaction focusing on a transiting iso-mass ion packet is shown. Derived equations relating the various physical dimensions of the mass spectrometer and the method of ion extraction with the time-dependent accelerating voltage required to effect velocity compaction are presented. Predicted spectra and mass resolution based on computer simulation studies are compared with actual performance in the lower mass range up to about 300 amu. The choice of initial ion temperature in the source region affects the overall mass resolution as expected, but the effect is markedly reduced by the velocity compaction focusing section. Expected mass spectra for temperatures as high as 5000 K have been obtained and indicate that unit mass separation at mass 4000 amu is possible at this extreme value.
MCVD planar substrates for UV-written waveguide devices (2007)

A method for fabricating planar silica substrates via modified chemical vapour deposition (MCVD) and a modified fibre drawing technique is presented. Long lengths of planar material are generated from a single substrate offering a potentially low-cost alternative to existing planar substrate deposition processes. Buried straight and splitting waveguide channels, as well as Bragg gratings, are inscribed in the planar material using direct UV-writing technology, and the results are reported.
<title>Spatiochromatic multiplexing: a color image representation for digital processing and compression</title> (1996)

Digital color images are represented by 3 color values for each picture element (pixel). The most common types of color coordinates for capture and display are RGB, but they are transformed into YUV (or other luminance-chrominance type of space) for image processing and compression. The conventional wisdom being that while luminance data are processed at full spatial and temporal resolution, chrominance information can be considerably subsampled without significant losses in perceived image quality. Also, the 3-fold complexity of RGB 3- channel processing can be usually reduced to 2-fold: one channel for luminance and another for chrominance. We have been studying the advantages of a different image representation, one suggested by biological systems. It requires only one color value at each pixel location, reducing the total data load to one third, and it can be processed, compressed and transmitted with the simplicity of a monochrome image (i.e., one-channel complexity) by adequate handling of entropy increments. At the receiver, this representation can be decoded into a full color picture of the same perceived quality and resolution as a picture represented and processed in conventional ways. Technical developments related to this representation have been presented here before; and specific technical advantages have been registered. This technology eliminates the burden of front-end color space transformation, and removes the complexity of separate computations for chromatic and achromatic processing. Specific applications comprise four areas: (1) Simplification of processing, storage, compression, and transmission of digital color images. (2) Economical full-color upgrading of black and white image capturing systems. (3) Increase up to 4x of spatial resolution in high-quality digital image capturing systems currently designed for triplane color capture (three separate CCDs). (4) Extension of the three areas above to dynamic sequences (digital video and motion pictures). [truncated]
Oxyfluoride Core Silica-Based Optical Fiber With Intrinsically Low Nonlinearities for High Energy Laser Applications (2017)

A few-moded silica-based optical fiber fabricated from core materials that possess intrinsically low optical nonlinearities is reported. Specifically, the 8-μm core, 125-μm cladding diameter silicate fiber was composed of a strontium aluminosilicate oxyfluoride core with a fused silica cladding and was fabricated using the molten core method. Relative to conventional optical fibers, reductions of ~6.3 dB in Brillouin gain coefficient (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> ), ~0.9 dB in Raman gain coefficient (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> ), and ~2.2 dB in thermo-optic coefficient were realized as was a “silica-like” nonlinear refractive index (n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) with a value of ~3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-20</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /W. The role of each core material constituent on parameters that drive optical nonlinearities is discussed to provide a materials solution route for low nonlinearity fiber systems. Materially addressing optical nonlinearities represent a simpler and more effective approach to mitigating power-scaling limits in high energy fiber laser systems compared to the geometric approaches employed using microstructured fibers.
Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) (1988)

Superresolution optical images have been generated with near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). The underlying concept is presented and several modes of operation are discussed. A resolution based on edge sharpness of 70 nm or better has been demonstrated with two different instruments. Images have been obtained which characterize the resolution as a function of two critical parameters: the aperture size and the aperture-sample separation. The near-field images also illustrate novel features resulting from several forms of contrast. Finally, the potential of NSOM is compared with conventional lens-based forms of microscopy as well as with more recent scanned tip methods.
Virtual Boundary Crossing Detection without Explicit Object Tracking (2009)

Virtual boundary (tripwire) crossing detection is an essential component in almost all modern digital visual surveillance systems. In this paper, we address the problem of achieving reliable tripwire crossing results in crowded scenarios and propose a new technique for the replacement of conventional tracking based tripwire techniques. We introduce the concept of "ground patches" which are a set of sub-regions sampled around the defined tripwire. Each ground patch is declared active when it is occupied by one or more foreground objects. Temporal and appearance features are extracted from each of the patches, and they are correlated across the virtual boundary to determine if a crossing occurs. The proposed method has been applied in situations with different traffic loads, and promising results are obtained.
A Portable Beta Spectrometer/Dosimeter (1984)

As part of an ongoing program l,2 to upgrade health and safety radiation survey instruments, the Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed a portable, battery-operated, computerized beta spectrometer/ dosimeter. The instrument will support many different detectors, but the one chosen here is a combination plastic scintillator and NaI crystal. The instrument includes pulse conditioning circuits, 128-channel pulse height analyzer with integral liquid crystal display, and a microcomputer system which calculates dose and dose rate from betas incident on the detector. Instrument operating life is about 8 hours between charges. The instrument will, at the user's option, display a beta spectrum or the accumulated dose in millirad, as well as give the user beta dose rates in millirad per hour. (At this point, the dosimetry algorithms are still under development.) Data accumulated in the instrument can be read out through an RS-232 serial port on the instrument. The entire unit weighs 8 pounds, including internal batteries, and is packaged in a small case 25-cm long, 15-cm wide, and 15-cm high.
Low Crossover Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (1996)

Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC's) using polymer electrolyte membranes are promising power sources for portable and vehicular applications. State of the art technology using Nafion(R) 117 membranes (Dupont) are limited by high methanol permeability and cost, resulting in reduced fuel cell efficiencies and impractical commercialization. Therefore, much research in the fuel cell field is focused on the preparation and testing of low crossover and cost efficient polymer electrolyte membranes. The University of Southern California in cooperation with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is focused on development of such materials. Interpenetrating polymer networks are an effective method used to blend polymer systems without forming chemical links. They provide the ability to modify physical and chemical properties of polymers by optimizing blend compositions. We have developed a novel interpenetrating polymer network based on poly (vinyl - difluoride)/cross-linked polystyrenesulfonic acid polymer composites (PVDF PSSA). Sulfonation of polystyrene accounts for protonic conductivity while the non-polar, PVDF backbone provides structural integrity in addition to methanol rejection. Precursor materials were prepared and analyzed to characterize membrane crystallinity, stability and degree of interpenetration. USC JPL PVDF-PSSA membranes were also characterized to determine methanol permeability, protonic conductivity and sulfur distribution. Membranes were fabricated into membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and tested for single cell performance. Tests include cell performance over a wide range of temperatures (20 C - 90 C) and cathode conditions (ambient Air/O2). Methanol crossover values are measured in situ using an in-line CO2 analyzer.
Smart Thermometer Technology for Detection and Monitoring of More than 100 Diseases at Home (2014)

Smart Thermometer Technology is intended for early detection and objective monitoring of more than 100 diseases (inflammatory, vascular and tumor) by measuring the temperature of the area of interest on human skin surface. The technology includes fast-operating infrared sensors that can be connected by wireless communication to mobile devices, available to a user (smart phones, tabs, etc.) with built-in specialized thermography software. It measures the temperature of any areas of human skin surface via infrared sensor point by point, generates thermogram and automatically gives comprehensive to an average person report about the state of the examined area and dynamics of the pathological process after each monitoring session. Self-examination of one anatomical area takes no more than 1 minute. Smart Thermometer Technology allows us to increase the accuracy of monitoring of a disease, and in most cases without participation of a doctor, simplify and cheapen obtaining of information on the course of a pathologic process and obtaining of the conclusion on the effectiveness of treatment.
Emerging New Strategies for Successful Metabolite Identification in Metabolomics (2016)

This review discusses strategies for the identification of metabolites in complex biological mixtures, as encountered in metabolomics, which have emerged in the recent past. These include NMR database-assisted approaches for the identification of commonly known metabolites as well as novel combinations of NMR and MS analysis methods for the identification of unknown metabolites. The use of certain chemical additives to the NMR tube can permit identification of metabolites with specific physical chemical properties.
Experimental detection of Brillouin precursor through planar metallic slab in microwave frequencies (2011)

In this contribution we introduce experimental results on the detection of the Brillouin precursor formation in a signal propagated through a planar aluminum medium for the frequency band 1-5GHz. Results have been compared for two different propagated pulses, rectangular and Gaussian.
Unstable simulator of academic rowing (2016)

The paper presents the novel unstable balancing simulator of academic rowing. The results of measure-ments of swinging of the simulator and the bearing of oars-man when rowing simulator at stable and unstable regimes at different rates by means of 3D Motion Capture system Qualisys are provided. Basing on the results of research the conclusions about the ability of unstable simulator to give the athlete more adequate sense of rowing are withdrawn.
DNA damage response induced by exposure of human lung adenocarcinoma cells to smoke from tobacco- and nicotine-free cigarettes (2010)

Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of lung cancer and contributes to the development of other malignancies. Attempts have been made to construct reduced toxicity cigarettes, presumed to have diminished genotoxic potential. One such product on the market is the tobacco and nicotine free (T&N-free) cigarette type made from lettuce and herbal extracts. We have recently developed a sensitive assay of the genotoxicity of CS based on cytometric analysis of induction of the DNA damage response (DDR) in normal human pulmonary endothelial or A549 pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells. In the present study, we observed that exposure of A549 cells to CS from T/N-free cigarettes induced a smoke-dose dependent DDR as evidenced by phosphorylation (activation) of the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase and of the histone H2AX (γH2AX). The extent of DDR induced by T&N-free smoke was distinctly greater than that induced by comparable doses of CS from reference cigarettes (2R4F) containing tobacco and nicotine. The pattern of DDR induced by T&N-free smoke was similar to that of 2R4F cigarettes in terms of the cell cycle phase specificity and involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The data also imply that similar to 2R4F exposure of cells to T/N-free smoke leads to formation of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) resulting from collapse of replication forks upon collision with the primary ssDNA lesions induced by smoke. Since DSBs are potentially carcinogenic our data indicate that smoking tobacco and nicotine-free cigarettes is at least as hazardous as smoking cigarettes containing tobacco and nicotine.
Generating Tunable Far-Infrared Laser Sidebands (1986)

New tunable source extends infrared spectroscopy into far infrared wavelengths. Frequency-Tunable far-infrared radiation produced by mixing of fixed-frequency far-infrared laser beam with output of frequency-tunable klystron. By sweeping klystron frequency in synchronism with video display of detector output, one obtains direct presentation of absorption-cell spectrum. Immediate applications are local oscillator for heterodyne systems and tunable source for spectroscopy.
Cxcr4-haploinsufficient bone marrow transplantation corrects leukopenia in an unconditioned WHIM syndrome model (2018)

For gene therapy of gain-of-function autosomal dominant diseases, either correcting or deleting the disease allele is potentially curative. To test whether there may be an advantage of one approach over the other for WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome - a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by gain-of-function autosomal dominant mutations in chemokine receptor CXCR4 - we performed competitive transplantation experiments using both lethally irradiated WT (Cxcr4+/+) and unconditioned WHIM (Cxcr4+/w) recipient mice. In both models, hematopoietic reconstitution was markedly superior using BM cells from donors hemizygous for Cxcr4 (Cxcr4+/o) compared with BM cells from Cxcr4+/+ donors. Remarkably, only approximately 6% Cxcr4+/o hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) chimerism after transplantation in unconditioned Cxcr4+/w recipient BM supported more than 70% long-term donor myeloid chimerism in blood and corrected myeloid cell deficiency in blood. Donor Cxcr4+/o HSCs differentiated normally and did not undergo exhaustion as late as 465 days after transplantation. Thus, disease allele deletion resulting in Cxcr4 haploinsufficiency was superior to disease allele repair in a mouse model of gene therapy for WHIM syndrome, allowing correction of leukopenia without recipient conditioning.
Zn<sup>2+</sup>-Chelating Motif-Tethered Short-Chain Fatty Acids as a Novel Class of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2003)

Among various classes of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, short-chain fatty acids exhibit the least potency, with IC(50) in the millimolar range. We rationalized that this weak potency was, in part, attributable to their inability to access the zinc cation in the HDAC active-site pocket, which is pivotal to the deacetylation catalysis. We thus explored the structural optimization of valproate, butyrate, phenylacetate, and phenylbutyrate by coupling them with Zn(2+)-chelating motifs (hydroxamic acid and o-phenylenediamine) through aromatic omega-amino acid linkers. This strategy has led to a novel class of Zn(2+)-chelating, motif-tethered, short-chain fatty acids that exhibited varying degrees of HDAC inhibitory potency. One hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate compound, N-hydroxy-4-(4-phenylbutyrylamino)benzamide (HTPB), displayed nanomolar potency in inhibiting HDAC activity. Exposure of several cancer cell lines to HTPB at the submicromolar level showed reduced cell proliferation accompanied by histone hyperacetylation and elevated p21(WAF/CIP1) expression, which are hallmark features associated with intracellular HDAC inhibition.
Effect of a Two-solution Fluoride Mouthrinse on Remineralization of Enamel Lesions in vitro (1992)

A previous study showed that a two-solution fluoride (F) rinse deposited significantly more loosely-bound F on the tooth surface than did a sodium fluoride (NaF) rinse with the same F concentration (12 mmol/L). In the present study, this experimental rinse was evaluated for its ability to cause remineralization of enamel lesions in an in vitro pH-cycling model. Caries-like lesions were formed in the enamel of extracted human molars by means of a pH 4 demineralizing solution. Fifty-one approximately 120-microns-thick sections containing lesions were randomly divided into (1) control, (2) NaF rinse, and (3) two-solution F rinse groups. With the cut surfaces protected, the control samples were immersed in a pH 7 remineralizing solution for 12 days, and twice daily the sections were also exposed to a pH 4 demineralizing solution for 30 min. Samples in the NaF group received an additional one-minute rinse with a NaF (12 mmol/L) solution twice daily. Samples in the two-solution rinse group received the rinse treatment with a 12 mmol/L F solution prepared by combination of a Na2SiF6 and phosphate-containing solution with a calcium solution just before use. The mineral contents of the lesions were assessed by quantitative microradiography. The results showed that (1) no significant de- or remineralization was detected in the controls; (2) a 46% decrease in mineral loss (delta Z) of the lesion was produced by the NaF rinses; and (3) a 94% decrease in delta Z and a 20-microns-thick, mineral-dense surface-coating were produced by the two-solution F rinse treatment.