gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Flexible and Tailorable Cobalt‐Doped Cross‐Linked Polyacrylamide‐Based Electrolytes for Use in High‐Performance Supercapacitors (2021)

A novel hydrogel polymer electrolyte was prepared by incorporation of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BG) to cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM). The electrolyte (PAMBG) was modified with cobalt (II) sulfate with various doping ratios (PAMBGCoX) to increase the capacitance by increasing faradaic reactions. The supercapacitor device assembly was performed by using active carbon (AC) electrodes and hydrogel polymer electrolytes. The specific capacitance of the PAMBGCo5 device indicated 130 F g<sup>-1</sup> , which is at least a seven-fold improvement due to the insertion of Co as a redox component. The electrolyte device, PAMBGCo5, displays superior performance having an energy density of 38 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at a power density of 500 W kg<sup>-1</sup> . Additionally, with the same hydrogel, the device performed 10,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles via retaining 91% of the initial capacitance. A cost-effective electrolyte, PAMBGCo5, was tested in a carbon-based supercapacitor under bent and twisted conditions at various angles, confirming the robustness of the device.
Nanoporous Linear Polyethylene from a Block Polymer Precursor (2010)

Porous polyolefin membranes play an integral role in lithium-ion battery technology as the barrier preventing direct anode and cathode contact. Block polymers containing a sacrificial component have proven to be attractive precursors for nanoporous polymer membranes stemming from their unique ability to self-assemble into mesoscopically organized structures. Selective removal of the sacrificial component can leave a scaffold with well-controlled pore dimensions and porosity. This communication describes the synthesis of block polymers containing polylactide (PLA) as the sacrificial component and perfectly linear polyethylene (LPE) as the matrix phase using a combination of ring-opening polymerizations. Bicontinuous morphologies accessible over a broad composition range allow for ready tailoring of porosity. Removal of the PLA results in semicrystalline LPE with an interpenetrating void space having pore dimensions less than 100 nm. The porosity and domain size dependence on composition was corroborated by nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical robustness of the nanoporous samples was confirmed by tensile testing. The outstanding chemical resistance of the nanoporous LPE samples was demonstrated by treatment with concentrated strong acids over extended periods (∼1 day).
Tipifarnib Inhibits HRAS-Driven Dedifferentiated Thyroid Cancers (2018)

Of the three RAS oncoproteins, only HRAS is delocalized and inactivated by farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI), an approach yet to be exploited clinically. In this study, we treat mice bearing Hras-driven poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers (<i>Tpo-Cre/Hras<sup>G12V</sup>/p53<sup>flox/flox</sup></i> ) with the FTI tipifarnib. Treatment caused sustained tumor regression and increased survival; however, early and late resistance was observed. Adaptive reactivation of RAS-MAPK signaling was abrogated <i>in vitro</i> by selective RTK (i.e., EGFR, FGFR) inhibitors, but responses were ineffective <i>in vivo</i>, whereas combination of tipifarnib with the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 improved outcomes. A subset of tumor-bearing mice treated with tipifarnib developed acquired resistance. Whole-exome sequencing of resistant tumors identified a <i>Nf1</i> nonsense mutation and an activating mutation in <i>Gnas</i> at high allelic frequency, supporting the on-target effects of the drug. Cell lines modified with these genetic lesions recapitulated tipifarnib resistance <i>in vivo</i> This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting Ras membrane association in cancers <i>in vivo</i> and predicts combination therapies that confer additional benefit.<b>Significance:</b> Tipifarnib effectively inhibits oncogenic HRAS-driven tumorigenesis and abrogating adaptive signaling improves responses. NF1 and GNAS mutations drive acquired resistance to Hras inhibition, supporting the on-target effects of the drug. <i>Cancer Res; 78(16); 4642-57. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Difference in Filling Property between Two Types of Binder Treated Powders Made of Atomized or Reduced Iron Powder (2007)

The filling property of the binder treated iron based powder made of atomized iron powder was compared with that of the one made of reduced iron powder. The latter one showed a better filling property than the former one, although the original reduced powder showed a worse flow rate. Changing the particle size distribution of the original atomized powder from wide to narrow like the original reduced iron powder, improved the filling property of the binder treated powder. As a result, the particle size distribution of the original iron powder was found to strongly affect the filling property of the binder treated powder.
Analysis of plasma viral RNA levels during acute dengue virus infection using quantitative competitor reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (2000)

There is increasing recognition of the potential importance of viral burden in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). There is little data available, however, describing the kinetics of viral replication in humans with natural dengue virus (DV) infection. Standard procedures for measuring titers of infectious virus in clinical specimens are either laborious or insensitive. We developed a method for measurement of DV RNA in plasma samples based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a mutant RNA target as a competitor. This technique was reproducible and accurate for samples containing any of the four DV serotypes, and could be applied to samples containing as few as 250 copies of RNA per reaction. We examined plasma viral RNA levels in 80 children with acute DV infection; sequential plasma samples were tested in 34 of these children. Plasma viral RNA levels ranged as high as 10(9) RNA copies/ml, and correlated with titers of infectious virus measured in mosquitoes (r= 0.69). Plasma viral RNA levels fell rapidly during the last several days of the febrile period. We did not find a significant difference in maximal plasma viral RNA levels between children with DHF and children with dengue fever, but peak viral RNA levels were identified in only 16 subjects. We conclude that this quantitative RT-PCR method will be valuable for further studies of natural DV infections.
Timeouts with time-reversed linear probing (2011)

We consider portable software implementations of hash tables with timeouts. The context is a high volume stream of keyed items. When a new item arrives, we want to know if has been seen recently in terms of a fixed lifespan. This problem has numerous applications as a front-end for Internet traffic processing where the key could be a selection of fields from the header of a packet, e.g., tracing packets through networks, aggregation of netflows from routers, and helping firewalls reuse decisions from recent packets with the same key. We propose time-reversed linear probing tables to deal with timeouts. In experiments, compared with tumbling windows and lazy deletions, our time-reversed tables typically gains at least 25% in speed while using only half the space. The cost per item approaches that of a single random memory access. Our new scheme is cleaner to implement than previous schemes, and also more versatile, e.g., it is trivial to allow different items to have different lifespans; something not possible with tumbling windows. Adding this to the improved time and space efficiency, makes time-reversed linear probing a canonical first choice for hash tables with time-outs.
Fiber-optic signal processor with applications to matrix–vector multiplication and lattice filtering (1982)

A new fiber-optic signal processor is proposed to implement systolic matrix-vector multipliers and lattice filters. 10(9) multiplications/sec can be achieved with currently available components for matrix-vector multiplications that involve Toeplitz matrices. A 2 x 2 (Toeplitz) matrix-vector multiplier has been experimentally demonstrated using single-mode fibers and directional couplers. The filtering characteristics of the device are also discussed.
Epigenetics of Hematopoiesis, Stem Cell Reprogramming, and Cancer (2013)

Abstract Since the discovery of altered DNA methylation in cancer in 1982, most studies of cancer epigenetics have focused on epimutations which could serve as surrogates of mutation. In the past decade, we and our collaborators have been leading efforts to develop whole-genome approaches to epigenetic analysis of human disease, that include novel approaches to array-based analysis and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. This has led to the first whole-genome bisulfite sequencing methylation map of the cancer genome. Surprising results have been the discovery of CpG island shores and large hypomethylated blocks corresponding to nuclear lamina/heterochromatin regions, and accounting for the vast majority of epigenetic alterations in cancer. These results point to the possibility that at least solid tumors represent epigenetically a single process with a common molecular characteristic; namely increased epigenetic plasticity that allows selection of the tumor cells at the expense of the host. This view can explain most of the hallmarks of cancer, as well as offering a strategy for powerful new approaches to risk detection and treatment. This whole-genome epigenetic approach has also revealed that the classical lineage structure of hematopoiesis is very well reflected in DNA methylation, but that there are very surprising dynamic changes in this process, with waves of both increasing and decreasing methylation changes. This work has also revealed a molecular basis for phenotypic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as a strong connection between reprogramming differentially methylated regions, or R-DMRs, and tissue-specific differentially methylated regions, or T-DMRs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Molecular beam epitaxy grown PbEuSeTe buried-heterostructure lasers with continuous wave operation at 195 K (1990)

Lattice-matched buried-heterostructure (BH) PbEuSeTe lasers were fabricated using a two-stage molecular beam epitaxy growth procedure. Lasers with 4-μm-wide and 0.6-μm-thick buried PbTe and Pb0.9976Eu0.0024Se0.0034Te0.9966 active layers were grown. Record continuous wave (cw) operating temperatures of 195 and 183 K were measured for BH diode lasers with binary PbTe active layer, and quaternary PbEuSeTe (0.22 at. % Eu) active layer compositions, respectively. For PbTe active layer BH lasers, threshold currents of 3.2 mA (80 K) and 36.2 mA (140 K) were measured in cw operation mode. For Pb0.9976Eu0.0024Se0.0034Te0.9966 BH active layer lasers, threshold currents of 2.9 mA (80 K) and 23.4 mA (140 K) were measured in cw operation mode.
Rear-Stitched View Panorama: A Low-Power Embedded Implementation for Smart Rear-View Mirrors on Vehicles (2017)

Automobiles are currently equipped with a three-mirror system for rear-view visualization. The two side-view mirrors show close the periphery on the left and right sides of the vehicle, and the center rear-view mirror is typically adjusted to allow the driver to see through the vehicle's rear windshield. This three-mirror system, however, imposes safety concerns in requiring drivers to shift their attention and gaze to look in each mirror to obtain a full visualization of the rear-view surroundings, which takes attention off the scene in front of the vehicle. We present an alternative to the three-mirror rear-view system, which we call Rear-Stitched View Panorama (RSVP). The proposed system uses four rear-facing cameras, strategically placed to overcome the traditional blind spot problem, and stitches the feeds from each camera together to generate a single panoramic view, which can display the entire rear surroundings. We project individually captured frames onto a single virtual view using precomputed system calibration parameters. Then we determine optimal seam lines, along which the images are fused together to form the single RSVP view presented to the driver. Furthermore, we highlight techniques that enable efficient embedded implementation of the system and showcase a real-time system utilizing under 2W of power, making it suitable for in-cabin deployment in vehicles.
Monitoring Expression Profiles of Rice Genes under Cold, Drought, and High-Salinity Stresses and Abscisic Acid Application Using cDNA Microarray and RNA Gel-Blot Analyses  (2003)

To identify cold-, drought-, high-salinity-, and/or abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible genes in rice (Oryza sativa), we prepared a rice cDNA microarray including about 1700 independent cDNAs derived from cDNA libraries prepared from drought-, cold-, and high-salinity-treated rice plants. We confirmed stress-inducible expression of the candidate genes selected by microarray analysis using RNA gel-blot analysis and finally identified a total of 73 genes as stress inducible including 58 novel unreported genes in rice. Among them, 36, 62, 57, and 43 genes were induced by cold, drought, high salinity, and ABA, respectively. We observed a strong association in the expression of stress-responsive genes and found 15 genes that responded to all four treatments. Venn diagram analysis revealed greater cross talk between signaling pathways for drought, ABA, and high-salinity stresses than between signaling pathways for cold and ABA stresses or cold and high-salinity stresses in rice. The rice genome database search enabled us not only to identify possible known cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of several stress-inducible genes but also to expect the existence of novel cis-acting elements involved in stress-responsive gene expression in rice stress-inducible promoters. Comparative analysis of Arabidopsis and rice showed that among the 73 stress-inducible rice genes, 51 already have been reported in Arabidopsis with similar function or gene name. Transcriptome analysis revealed novel stress-inducible genes, suggesting some differences between Arabidopsis and rice in their response to stress.
Diet and prostate cancer risk reduction (2007)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in males. The current body of literature supports the role of nutritional products in the reduction of prostate cancer. This review critically addresses the natural products with the greatest potential to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, including lycopene, vitamin E, selenium, vitamin D, soy and green tea. The toxicities of the dietary products are addressed. The direction of future studies lies in clarifying the effects of these products and exploring the biological mechanisms responsible for the prevention of prostate cancer.
Second-Generation Tunable pH-Sensitive Phosphoramidate-Based Linkers for Controlled Release (2016)

We developed a second generation of tunable pH-sensitive linkers based on our phosphoramidate scaffold to release amine-containing drugs under acidic conditions. The pH-triggered phosphoramidate-based linkers are responsive to pH and do not require intracellular enzymatic action to initiate drug release. On the basis of the model scaffolds examined, phosphoramidate-based linkers were selected for particular properties for controlled release applications such as amine type, stability under physiological conditions, or release rates at various pH values such as intracellular endosomal conditions. Key to the pH-triggered amine release from these linker is a proximal carboxylic acid to promote hydrolysis of the phosphoramidate P-N bond, presumably through an intramolecular general acid-type mechanism. Phosphoramidate hydrolysis is largely governed by the pKa of the leaving amine. However, the proximity of the neighboring carboxylic acid attenuates the stability of the P-N bond to hydrolysis, thus allowing for control over the release of an amine from the phosphoramidate center. In addition, we observed that the Thorpe-Ingold effect and rigidification of the scaffold could further enhance the rate of release. Esterification of the neighboring carboxylic acid was found to protect the scaffold from rapid release at low pH. This latter observation is particularly noteworthy as it suggests that the phosphoramidate-based drug-conjugate scaffold can be protected as an ester prodrug for oral administration. While the tunability phosphoramidate linkers is attractive for applications in intracellular trafficking studies in which pH changes can trigger release of turn-on dyes, antibody drug conjugates, small-molecule drug conjugates, and drug eluting stents (DES), the promise of oral delivery of drug conjugates is expected to have broad impact in controlled release applications.
Rotary Expander Engine Development Program (1978)

Abstract : This paper describes some results and the status of a program to develop a 250 hp(186 kW) rotary expander engine for use with an external combustion source or in a closed cycle power system. In the first phase of the program, parts from a Curtiss-Wright RC1-60 internal combustion engine were combined with a new housing, end plates and a set of rotary valves to produce the first rotary expander, the RE1-60. The RE1-60 was tested at a maximum power output of 155 hp(116 kW) at 4800 rpm when supplied with combustion gas at 1000 F(538 C) and 600 psia(4.14 MPa). Details of the RE1-60 and test results are presented. The second rotary expander, the RE1-11, was designed with the expander's kinematics similar to that of Wankel's earlier engines; the main shaft/eccentric is stationary while the rotor and housing rotate. Power take-off occurs from the housing. Compared to the RE1-60 this kinematic change eliminates two balance weights and a fly wheel, and permits location of the valves closer to the expander's working chamber. Details of the RE1-11 design are given in the paper along with solutions to some challenging casting and fabrication problems. The current status of the RE1-11 fabrication program and plans for half-power testing are summarized.
Design and Analysis of Thermal-Bubble-Based Micromachined Accelerometer (2004)

In this study, a novel thermal-bubble-based micromachined accelerometer with advantages of no proof mass, preferable frequency response, and high sensitivity is presented. Unlike the other techniques, the only moving element in the proposed device is a small thermal-bubble created by using a high flux heater to vaporize the liquid contained in the micro chamber. In order to improve the performance of the accelerometer, the basic physical characteristics of this sensor have been analyzed. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the heat transfer and fluid flow behavior of the device and to demonstrate the feasibility of our design. The temperature profile and the velocity field distribution under different applied acceleration have been acquired. Moreover, a method for manufacturing the accelerometer by using the techniques of micromachining is provided and the performance of the presented design has been examined. The results concluded that the proposed design has better response and sensitivity comparing to its counterparts.
SU‐FF‐J‐10: A Novel Signal‐Processing Strategy for in Vivo Ultrasonic Imaging of Brachytherapy Seeds (2006)

Purpose: Brachytherapy is proving to be a well‐accepted means of treating prostate cancer. Unfortunately, implantation using needles inserted transperineally causes gland movement, and the resulting distortion may cause seed misplacement and dosimetry errors. Our approach employs novel methods of digitally processing ultrasound echo signals to markedly improve ultrasonic imaging of seeds during the implantation procedure. This approach will enable the radiation oncologist to determine where all implanted seeds are located and to make additional implantations to correct for dosimetry errors cause by misplaced seeds. Method and Materials: Our signal‐processing strategy uses singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and shows promise for ultrasonically detecting and imaging radioactive seeds implanted in the prostate. This SSA‐based strategy utilizes pairs of eigenvalues derived from the autocorrelation matrix of envelope‐detected radiofrequency echo signals to identify seed‐specific signal repetitions. The power spectrum associated with a repetition signal is computed to derive a P‐value indicative of the likelihood of the presence of a seed at the location of that repetitive signal. P‐values throughout each scan plane are then color‐coded and superimposed on the corresponding conventional grayscale ultrasound images. These new ultrasound images are thus readily usable by clinicians to locate seeds. Results: Simulations assessing performance as a function of different levels of white and speckle noise and in the presence of signals at repetition periods not associated with seeds; experiments in an ideal scattering environment; and in vitro experiments using seeds implanted in beef were conducted and led to encouraging results. Simulations showed robustness to noise (signal‐to‐noise ratio < 25 dB) and in vitro experiments allowed for seed detection and imaging. Conclusion: Overall, our SSA‐based strategy shows encouraging potential for seed detection and imaging in the operating room. Clinical implementation of this methodology would be straightforward because it uses enveloped‐detected signals directly available from clinical scanners.
Flexible Transparent Iontronic Film for Interfacial Capacitive Pressure Sensing (2015)

A flexible, transparent iontronic film is introduced as a thin-film capacitive sensing material for emerging wearable and health-monitoring applications. Utilizing the capacitive interface at the ionic-electronic contact, the iontronic film sensor offers a large unit-area capacitance (of 5.4 μF cm(-2) ) and an ultrahigh sensitivity (of 3.1 nF kPa(-1) ), which is a thousand times greater than that of traditional solid-state counterparts.
Weak measurements applied to process monitoring using focused beam scatterometry (2014)

The capacity to measure nanoscale features rapidly and accurately is of central importance for the monitoring of manufacturing processes in the production of computer integrated circuits. Parameters of interest include, for example, trench depth, duty cycle, wall angle and oxide layer thickness. The measurement method proposed here uses focused beam scatterometry, in which the illumination consists of a focused field with a suitably tailored spatially-varying polarization distribution. In an analysis that is analogous to classical off-null measurements as well as weak measurements in quantum mechanics, we predict that four or more parameters can be measured and distinguished with an accuracy consistent with the needs laid out in the semiconductor roadmap.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Halogenoacrylic Derivatives of Distamycin A. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.