gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three- and four-μm-thick YBa2Cu3O7 layers with high critical-current densities on flexible metallic substrates by the BaF2 process (2006)

We report on the synthesis and performance of 3- and 4-μm-thick YBa2Cu3O7 films on buffered metallic tapes. The precursor films were deposited by vacuum coevaporation of BaF2, Y, and Cu on the substrates and converted to YBa2Cu3O7 by the BaF2 ex situ process at reduced processing gas pressures. The best value of critical-current density Jc for these films was ∼3.8×103A∕mm2 at 77K and in 1T external magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane. Also, estimated critical-current densities per width of tape Jcw at zero magnetic field were ∼60 and ∼80A∕mm for 3- and 4-μm-thick films, respectively. In order to achieve these high-Jc values, the films were processed at high growth rates (∼0.7nm∕s) and the oxygen partial pressure p(O2) was varied to minimize the growth of the “granular” c axis and randomly oriented YBa2Cu3O7 grains. A simple thermodynamic argument is also given to describe the observed dependence of the nucleation of YBa2Cu3O7 with different orientations on p(O2). This result demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating coated conductors with a single YBa2Cu3O7 layer having the critical current of the order of 100A∕mm at self-field and liquid-N2 temperature.
Correlating the Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Opioid Receptors (1995)

We cloned a kappa 3-related opioid receptor, and although it is still not clear whether this clone corresponds to the kappa 3 receptor itself or is a related gene product, the extensive antisense mapping and the antibody immunoreactivity strongly associate this clone with the kappa 3 receptor. Our approach also indicates the usefulness of antisense approaches in mapping and identifying orphan receptors. Perhaps it is most effective in identifying partial sequences prior to cloning them in their entirety. It also provides a mechanism of identifying proteins that are not expressed functionally.
New Adhesive Materials with Improved Thermal Conductivity (2006)

There is increasing interest in the use of conductive polymeric adhesives as a replacement for soldering technology in electronic packaging applications. Relatively low cost, lower toxicity, reworkability and ease of processing make them an attractive alternative. To date, however, most conductive adhesives have certain critical limitations that inhibit their utility in many applications. We report on the development of new, low-temperature sintering adhesives that combine ease of processing of polymeric bonding materials with performance characteristics closer to solder. These new formulations incorporate novel fluxing polymeric resins in combination with a blend of metal alloy filler particles. During the cure process, the metal filler particles sinter together and are capable of forming "solder-like" metallurgical connections to a variety of metal surfaces resulting in lower and more stable thermal contact resistance values. These materials have both high electrical and thermal conductivity-closer to solder materials than most polymer-based materials but with the processing advantages of the best polymeric adhesives.
Anti-Transforming Growth Factor ß Antibody Treatment Rescues Bone Loss and Prevents Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone (2011)

Breast cancer often metastasizes to bone causing osteolytic bone resorption which releases active TGFβ. Because TGFβ favors progression of breast cancer metastasis to bone, we hypothesized that treatment using anti-TGFβ antibody may reduce tumor burden and rescue tumor-associated bone loss in metastatic breast cancer. In this study we have tested the efficacy of an anti-TGFβ antibody 1D11 preventing breast cancer bone metastasis. We have used two preclinical breast cancer bone metastasis models, in which either human breast cancer cells or murine mammary tumor cells were injected in host mice via left cardiac ventricle. Using several in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo assays, we have demonstrated that anti-TGFβ antibody treatment have significantly reduced tumor burden in the bone along with a statistically significant threefold reduction in osteolytic lesion number and tenfold reduction in osteolytic lesion area. A decrease in osteoclast numbers (p = 0.027) in vivo and osteoclastogenesis ex vivo were also observed. Most importantly, in tumor-bearing mice, anti-TGFβ treatment resulted in a twofold increase in bone volume (p<0.01). In addition, treatment with anti-TGFβ antibody increased the mineral-to-collagen ratio in vivo, a reflection of improved tissue level properties. Moreover, anti-TGFβ antibody directly increased mineralized matrix formation in calverial osteoblast (p = 0.005), suggesting a direct beneficial role of anti-TGFβ antibody treatment on osteoblasts. Data presented here demonstrate that anti-TGFβ treatment may offer a novel therapeutic option for tumor-induced bone disease and has the dual potential for simultaneously decreasing tumor burden and rescue bone loss in breast cancer to bone metastases. This approach of intervention has the potential to reduce skeletal related events (SREs) in breast cancer survivors.
High-Resolution Graphene Films for Electrochemical Sensing <i>via</i> Inkjet Maskless Lithography (2017)

Solution-phase printing of nanomaterial-based graphene inks are rapidly gaining interest for fabrication of flexible electronics. However, scalable manufacturing techniques for high-resolution printed graphene circuits are still lacking. Here, we report a patterning technique [i.e., inkjet maskless lithography (IML)] to form high-resolution, flexible, graphene films (line widths down to 20 μm) that significantly exceed the current inkjet printing resolution of graphene (line widths ∼60 μm). IML uses an inkjet printed polymer lacquer as a sacrificial pattern, viscous spin-coated graphene, and a subsequent graphene lift-off to pattern films without the need for prefabricated stencils, templates, or cleanroom technology (e.g., photolithography). Laser annealing is employed to increase conductivity on thermally sensitive, flexible substrates [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)]. Laser annealing and subsequent platinum nanoparticle deposition substantially increases the electroactive nature of graphene as illustrated by electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) sensing [rapid response (5 s), broad linear sensing range (0.1-550 μm), high sensitivity (0.21 μM/μA), and low detection limit (0.21 μM)]. Moreover, high-resolution, complex graphene circuits [i.e., interdigitated electrodes (IDE) with varying finger width and spacing] were created with IML and characterized via potassium chloride (KCl) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results indicated that sensitivity directly correlates to electrode feature size as the IDE with the smallest finger width and spacing (50 and 50 μm) displayed the largest response to changes in KCl concentration (∼21 kΩ). These results indicate that the developed IML patterning technique is well-suited for rapid, solution-phase graphene film prototyping on flexible substrates for numerous applications including electrochemical sensing.
Field Detection of Citrus Blight Using Immunological Techniques (1991)

Eighty-six sweet orange trees from three Florida grove locations were diagnosed as being healthy or blighted using a western blot system with proteins extracted from citrus leaves. Extracted proteins were separated on 18% SDS-PAGE gels, electroblotted onto polyvinylidenedifluoride membrane, and probed with citrus blight antisera obtained from blighted citrus trees. This blot system was as reliable as conventional diagnostic systems and in several cases detected the presence of blight before increased tissue concentrations of zinc, decreased water uptake, and wilt were observed (.)
A New Hydrocyclone Process for the Separation of Starch and Gluten from Wheat Flour (1978)

Abstract A batter of wheat flour and recirculation water is directly introduced into a hydrocyclone system in which the prime starch is separated and washed out in countercurrent with fresh water. Agglomeration of the gluten takes place spontaneously in the hydrocyclones. The gluten agglomerates come free in the overflow of the system and can be separated easily by screening. The working of the hydrocyclones is not influenced by the presence of the gluten agglomerates. The total waste water stream is approx. 2 m 3 per t of processed wheat flour.
A microchannel heat sink with alternating directions of water flow in adjacent channels (1992)

A microchannel heat sink design, with alternating directions of coolant flow in adjacent channels, yields improved uniformity in thermal resistance. A thermal resistance of 0.1 1°C cm2/W was demonstrated for a heated area < 2 cm2. With this design, comparable performance is feasible in channels up to 10 cm long with spatial variation in the resistance <6%.
Design and rationale for the prospective treatment efficacy in IPF using genotype for NAC selection (PRECISIONS) clinical trial (2022)

The sentinel observation of a potential pharmacogenetic interaction between NAC and TOLLIP polymorphism highlights the urgent, unmet need for better, molecularly focused, and precise therapeutic strategies in IPF. The PRECISIONS clinical trial is the first study to use molecularly-focused techniques to identify patients with IPF most likely to benefit from treatment. PRECISIONS has the potential to shift the paradigm in how trials in this condition are designed and executed, and is the first step toward personalized medicine for patients with IPF. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04300920. Registered March 9, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04300920.
Plasma confinement apparatus using solenoidal and mirror coils. [Patents] (1977)

A plasma confinement apparatus is described, wherein multiple magnetic mirror cells are linked by magnetic field lines inside a solenoid with the mirroring regions for adjacent magnetic mirror cells each formed by a separate mirror coil inside of the solenoid. The magnetic mirror cells may be field reversed.
Use of Interferon-&gamma; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus (2012)

A protocol has been developed to overcome the difficulties of isolating and characterizing rare T cells specific for pathogens, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), that cause localized infections. The steps involved are identifying region(s) of HPV proteins that contain T-cell epitope(s) from a subject, selecting for the peptide-specific T cells based on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion, and growing and characterizing the T-cell clones (Fig. 1). Subject 1 was a patient who was recently diagnosed with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion by biopsy and underwent loop electrical excision procedure for treatment on the day the T cells were collected(1). A region within the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) E6 and E7 proteins which contained a T-cell epitope was identified using an IFN- g enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay performed with overlapping synthetic peptides (Fig. 2). The data from this assay were used not only to identify a region containing a T-cell epitope, but also to estimate the number of epitope specific T cells and to isolate them on the basis of IFN- γ secretion using commercially available magnetic beads (CD8 T-cell isolation kit, Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn CA). The selected IFN-γ secreting T cells were diluted and grown singly in the presence of an irradiated feeder cell mixture in order to support the growth of a single T-cell per well. These T-cell clones were screened using an IFN- γ ELISPOT assay in the presence of peptides covering the identified region and autologous Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs, obtained how described by Walls and Crawford)(2) in order to minimize the number of T-cell clone cells needed. Instead of using 1 x 10(5) cells per well typically used in ELISPOT assays(1,3), 1,000 T-cell clone cells in the presence of 1 x 10(5) autologous LCLs were used, dramatically reducing the number of T-cell clone cells needed. The autologous LCLs served not only to present peptide antigens to the T-cell clone cells, but also to keep a high cell density in the wells allowing the epitope-specific T-cell clone cells to secrete IFN-γ. This assures successful performance of IFN-γ ELISPOT assay. Similarly, IFN- γ ELISPOT assays were utilized to characterize the minimal and optimal amino acid sequence of the CD8 T-cell epitope (HPV 16 E6 52-61 FAFRDLCIVY) and its HLA class I restriction element (B58). The IFN- γ ELISPOT assay was also performed using autologous LCLs infected with vaccinia virus expressing HPV 16 E6 or E7 protein. The result demonstrated that the E6 T-cell epitope was endogenously processed. The cross-recognition of homologous T-cell epitope of other high-risk HPV types was shown. This method can also be used to describe CD4 T-cell epitopes(4).
Membranes: Ultrathin Polymer Films with Intrinsic Microporosity: Anomalous Solvent Permeation and High Flux Membranes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 30/2014) (2014)

Effective separation of hexaphenylbenzene from n-heptane is demonstrated on page 4729 by A. G. Livingston and co-workers. Ultrathin and free-standing polymer films with intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) are precisely fabricated on porous substrates. The organic solvent nanofiltration performance with exceptionally fast permeation of n-heptane through PIM-1 layers down to 35 nm in thickness are presented. Membranes show highly non-monotonic performance with film thickness and ageing resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Benzoyloxyazetidinone: An Important Carbapenem Intermediate. (1988)

Abstract The ketene (II), generated from the acid chloride (I), reacts with the benzoylimine (III) to form the azetidinones (IV) and (V).
An RNA Aptamer Capable of Forming a Hydrogel by Self-Assembly (2017)

Hydrogels are supramolecular assemblies with both solute transport properties like liquids and mechanical properties like elastomers. To date, every type of biomolecules except ribonucleic acid (RNA), is capable of forming a hydrogel. Here, we report an RNA that forms a hydrogel by self-assembly. This RNA is originally identified by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) to enhance the activity of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors as a potential RNA drug for the treatment of cognitive disorders. The RNA hydrogel exhibits an elastic modulus plateau on the order of 10<sup>2</sup> Pa and shows dynamic RNA chain interactions with relaxation behaviors similar to living wormlike micellar solutions. Small-angle X-ray scattering and cryogenic electron microscopy characterization support the RNA network structures. By sequence mutation and rheological measurements, we reveal two key sequence motifs in the RNA responsible for intermolecular recognition and the formation of a polymer network by self-assembly.
Familial hemiplegic migraine: involvement of a calcium neuronal channel. (1997)

A gene for familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a subtype of migraine with aura, has been assigned to chromosome 19p13. In this region we identified a brain-specific P/Q-type calcium channel alpha 1A-subunit gene, CACNL1A4, with 47 exons covering 300 kb. Sequencing of all exons and their flanking surroundings revealed polymorphic variations, including a (CA)n-repeat, and a (CAG)n-repeat in the 3'-UTR. In FHM patients, we found four different missense mutations in conserved functional domains. One of the mutations has occurred on two different haplotypes in unrelated FHM families. Moreover, in episodic ataxia type-2 (EA-2), we found two mutations disrupting the reading frame. Thus, FHM and EA-2 can be considered as allelic channelopathies. Involvement of this FHM locus in migraine with and without aura was demonstrated by sib-pair analysis. We showed an increase of shared marker alleles of locus D19S394, which is tightly linked to the gene. The association between the alpha 1A calcium channel and FHM, and the increase of shared alleles in migraine affected sib-pairs, have uncovered a new pathway for the pathophysiology of migraine. This finding may provide a rationale for the development of specific prophylactic therapy for migraine and other (paroxysmal) cerebral disorders.
Lined ducts in parallel for low-frequency noise reduction (1979)

A new method to enhance the low-frequency sound attenuation characteristics of a lined duct is presented. A rigid, longitudinal splitter plate is used to separate the lined duct section into two parallel branch ducts. The phase speed of the fundamental sound mode in each parallel branch is a function of the liner configuration and can differ substantially from the free space phase speed. By lining the parallel branches dissimilarly, destructive interference of the fundamental mode of the transmitted wave occurs downstream of the parallel absorbers at a selected set of frequencies. Strong reflections also occur at the silencer inlet for a larger set of frequencies due to an acoustical impedance mismatch at the junction of the main duct and the parallel branches. These interference effects, which result from placing the rigid splitter plate into the lined duct can increase the low-frequency transmission loss of the duct by more than two fold over a broad low-frequency band and by as much as 5-dB/unit duct width at selected frequencies.
A CdTe Ambulatory Ventricular Function Monitor (1980)

A prototype device consisting of two arrays of CdTe detectors, ECG amplifiers and gate, microprocessor and tape recorder was devised to record simultaneous ECG and radio-nuclide blood pool data from the left ventricle for extended periods during normal activity. The device is intended to record information concerning both normal and abnormal physiology of the heart and to permit the evaluation of new pharmeceuticals under everyday conditions. Preliminary results indicate that the device is capable of recording and reading out data from both phantoms and patients.
Abstract 702: DCVex(TM): A novel integration-deficient lentivector technology that incorporates genetic and post-translational elements to target dendritic cells (2014)

Abstract With the goal of creating antigen-directed immunotherapeutics that can be safely administered directly to patients, Immune Design has developed a platform of novel integration-deficient lentiviral vectors that target and deliver antigen-encoding nucleic acids to dendritic cells (DCs) in order to promote the activation of antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells. This platform, termed DCVex(TM), utilizes a novel genetic variant of a Sindbis virus envelope glycoprotein with post-translational carbohydrate modifications in combination with Vpx, a SIVmac viral accessory protein, to achieve efficient targeting and transduction of DCs. In addition, DCVex(TM) incorporates safety features in its design that include redundant mechanisms to render DCVex(TM) integration-deficient, as well as genetic modifications that eliminate psi-gag recombination between split genome components. The characteristics that allow DCVex(TM) to specifically transduce human DCs and the advances that DCVex(TM) brings to conventional third-generation lentiviral vector design demonstrate its potential as a vaccine designed to utilize DCs for cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Semih U. Tareen, Brenna Kelley-Clarke, Christopher J. Nicolai, Megan M. Slough, Chintan D. Vin, Neal Van Hoeven, Scott H. Robbins, Jan H. ter Meulen, Peter Berglund. DCVex(TM): A novel integration-deficient lentivector technology that incorporates genetic and post-translational elements to target dendritic cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 702. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-702
Method of measuring and preventing unstable feedback in hearing aids (1999)

Acoustic feedback is a practical problem that can limit the performance and benefit of any hearing aid. In the past, there have been no clinical available methods for accurately predicting the frequencies and gains that will cause unstable feedback for a particular hearing aid in an individual’s ear. The proposed method uses a typical clinical real-ear probe microphone system to acquire the real-ear aided responses by placing the hearing aid in the ear canal and setting the hearing aid gain to two different known settings. The Open Loop Transfer Function (OLTF) of the hearing aid can be derived based on the acquired aided signals. Once the OLTF of the hearing aid is known, potentially unstable frequencies are identified and maximum hearing aid gain and maximum hearing aid insertion gain are determined. The measurement allows the dispenser to modify the desired hearing aid response at only the frequencies that will cause unstable feedback. It consequently eliminates the trial and error method and prevents over-adjustment of the hearing aid. A description of theory and measurement procedure will be provided, as well as examples of its use on KEMAR and hearing-impaired individuals.
Nondiffracting periodically space-variant polarization beams with subwavelength gratings (2002)

A class of propagation-invariant vector fields with uniform intensity and periodically space-varying polarization is presented. The beams were formed using computer-generated space-variant subwavelength gratings. A theoretical analysis as well as experimental results using gratings designed for CO2 laser radiation at a wavelength of 10.6 μm is discussed.
Tight Confinement of Semiconductor Quantum Dots within Zeolite by Surface Silylation (2005)

Various MX (M = Cd, Zn, and Mn, X = S and Se) semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) were prepared in zeolite Y. While the QDs are readily expelled from zeolite interior upon exposure of the MX QD-incorporating zeolite Y ([MX]-Y) to the ambient atmosphere due to moisture adsorption, they remain tightly confined within zeolites even after exposure to the moist atmosphere for several weeks when the surfaces were silylated with various silylating agents. This methodology will facilitate the characterization of the zeolite-encapsulated QDs and the application of QD-incorporating zeolites.
Fabrication of oriented polymeric nanofibers on planar surfaces by electrospinning (2003)

We present a method for the formation of oriented polymeric nanofibers using electrospinning deposition from an integrated microfluidic device. The source includes a microfabricated triangular shaped tip, integrated at the exit of a microfluidic channel to form a source that can be brought close to a counter electrode and scanned over surface features. Using the ability to orient the nanofiber deposition, we formed a 140 nm diameter suspended nanofiber over etched trenches on a silicon wafer, a configuration that allows for electrical and mechanical measurements of deposited nanofibers.
A double-blind study comparing benoxaprofen, aspirin, and benoxaprofen plus aspirin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1982)

Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis completed a study that consisted of 30-day treatment periods with aspirin, benoxaprofen, and benoxaprofen plus aspirin. There were two-week placebo washouts between each treatment. The patients were evaluated biweekly for 15 variables. Each variable was compared for each period; a pooled index was calculated on three combinations of variables. The benoxaprofen-plus-aspirin combination was significantly better than aspirin and better than benoxaprofen alone. This study indicates that combining nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which inhibit different sites of the inflammatory response (i.e., benoxaprofen, an inhibitor of the directional migration of monocytes, with aspirin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis) may be advantageous in treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis.