gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial Rescue of Taste Responses of alpha-Gustducin Null Mice by Transgenic Expression of alpha-Transducin (2002)

The transduction of responses to bitter and sweet compounds utilizes guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) and their coupled receptors. Alpha-gustducin, a transducin-like G protein alpha-subunit, and rod alpha-transducin are expressed in taste receptor cells. Alpha-gustducin knockout mice have profoundly diminished behavioral and electrophysiological responses to many bitter and sweet compounds, although these mice retain residual responses to these compounds. Alpha-gustducin and rod alpha-transducin are biochemically indistinguishable in their in vitro interactions with retinal phosphodiesterase, rhodopsin and G protein betagamma-subunits. To determine if alpha-transducin can function in taste receptor cells and to compare the function of alpha-gustducin versus alpha-transducin in taste transduction in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that express alpha-transducin under the control of the alpha-gustducin promoter in the alpha-gustducin null background. Immunohistochemistry showed that the alpha-transducin transgene was expressed in about two-thirds of the alpha-gustducin lineage of taste receptor cells. Two-bottle preference tests showed that transgenic expression of rod alpha-transducin partly rescued responses to denatonium benzoate, sucrose and the artificial sweetener SC45647, but not to quinine sulfate. Gustatory nerve recordings showed a partial rescue by the transgene of the response to sucrose, SC45647 and quinine, but not to denatonium. These results demonstrate that alpha-transducin can function in taste receptor cells and transduce some taste cell responses. Our results also suggest that alpha-transducin and alpha-gustducin may differ, at least in part, in their function in these cells, although this conclusion must be qualified because of the limited fidelity of the transgene expression.
Compiling APL: The Yorktown APL Translator (1986)

The Yorktown APL Translator (YAT) permits functions written in APL to be compiled using an existing compiler for part of the process. It also creates tables that allow the APL2 Release 2 interpreter to call the compiled code. The code can also be called from a Fortran main routine. This paper outlines the history of APL compilation, the motivation for producing YAT, the design choices that were made, and the manner of implementation. Sample APL functions and their translations are shown, and the time required to interpret these functions is compared with the time required to execute the compiled code. Possible further work is discussed.
A preliminary study for automatic accurate detection of adenomatous polyps in the small intestine (2017)

In this paper we present a novel preliminary study based on state of the art computation techniques applied on WCE video images for extracting features and patterns from different views of the same polyp. The extracted pattern and features are synthesized by using LG registration technique to create better views for each polyp by removing artifacts and noise. The outcome images (views) from each polyp will be used for the training and testing of a machine learning system that will separate the two types of diminutive polyps.
Guest-Induced Emergent Properties in Metal–Organic Frameworks (2015)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline nanoporous materials comprised of organic electron donors linked to metal ions by strong coordination bonds. Applications such as gas storage and separations are currently receiving considerable attention, but if the unique properties of MOFs could be extended to electronics, magnetics, and photonics, the impact on material science would greatly increase. Recently, we obtained "emergent properties," such as electronic conductivity and energy transfer, by infiltrating MOF pores with "guest" molecules that interact with the framework electronic structure. In this Perspective, we define a path to emergent properties based on the Guest@MOF concept, using zinc-carboxylate and copper-paddlewheel MOFs for illustration. Energy transfer and light harvesting are discussed for zinc carboxylate frameworks infiltrated with triplet-scavenging organometallic compounds and thiophene- and fullerene-infiltrated MOF-177. In addition, we discuss the mechanism of charge transport in TCNQ-infiltrated HKUST-1, the first MOF with electrical conductivity approaching conducting organic polymers. These examples show that guest molecules in MOF pores should be considered not merely as impurities or analytes to be sensed but also as an important aspect of rational design.
Exploring the radiative limits of dark current operation in InGaAs quantum well solar cells (2012)

While radiative recombination is a well-known intrinsic loss mechanism in photovoltaic devices, nonradiative recombination mechanisms typically dominate compound semiconductor diode currents and limit the performance of even state-of-the-art devices. However, recent advances in device structure design have allowed quantum well structures to begin reaching the radiative limits of dark current operation. In this work, a novel extended heterojunction structure is employed in InGaAs quantum well devices to reduce non-radiative recombination and expose the limiting n=1 radiative component of the diode current. Short circuit current versus open circuit voltage curves derived from illuminated currentvoltage measurements indicate that the underlying dark diode currents of the InGaAs quantum well devices vary with well thickness and emission energy. Analysis of the extracted n=1 saturation current densities indicate that these high-voltage InGaAs quantum well devices are operating in a regime of suppressed radiative recombination.
Microstructure/property relationships for SiC filament-reinforced RBSN. [Reaction-bonded silicon nitride] (1986)

Reaction-bonded silicon nitride has been reinforced by SiC filaments. The strength and toughness of this composite is dependent on the microstructure and microchemistry of the fiber/matrix interface. Room temperature flexural strengths of 900 MPa have been observed. Weak interfacial bonding results in shear failure, whereas stronger bonding results in filament fracture and pullout. Auger analysis of the interface reveals that a pure carbon layer is responsible for shear failure. This material shows the highest strength because crack deflection in the carbon layer protects the SiC filament. 18 references.
L<sub>1</sub> adaptive controller for a class of systems with unknown nonlinearities: Part I (2008)

This paper presents a novel adaptive control methodology for a class of uncertain systems in the presence of time-varying unknown nonlinearities. The adaptive controller ensures uniformly bounded transient and asymptotic tracking for system’s both input and output signals simultaneously. The performance bounds can be systematically improved by increasing the adaptation rate. Part II extends the results to a class of systems in the presence of unmodeled dynamics.
<title>Digital image steganography using stochastic modulation</title> (2003)

In this paper, we present a new steganographic paradigm for digital images in raster formats. Message bits are embedded in the cover image by adding a weak noise signal with a specified but arbitrary probabilistic distribution. This embedding mechanism provides the user with the flexibility to mask the embedding distortion as noise generated by a particular image acquisition device. This type of embedding will lead to more secure schemes because now the attacker must distinguish statistical anomalies that might be created by the embedding process from those introduced during the image acquisition itself. Unlike previously proposed schemes, this new approach, that we call stochastic modulation, achieves oblivious data transfer without using noise extraction algorithms or error correction. This leads to higher capacity (up to 0.8 bits per pixel) and a convenient and simple implementation with low embedding and extraction complexity. But most importantly, because the embedding noise can have arbitrary properties that approximate a given device noise, the new method offers better security than existing methods. At the end of this paper, we extend stochastic modulation to a content-dependent device noise and we also discuss possible attacks on this scheme based on the most recent advances in steganalysis.
Solid oxide fuel cells fueled with reduced Fe/Ti oxide (2014)

Electricity generation <italic>via</italic> electrochemical oxidation–reduction cycles of Fe/Ti oxide in direct contact with the SOFC anode.
Partial Modulation Method via Pulsed Flow Modulator for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (2004)

A partial modulation method by using a pulsed-flow modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography is proposed. The method is based on the fact that when a pulsed flow of inert gas is introduced into the conjunction between a primary and a secondary column, the concentration of analyte is disturbed, and a plug of higher or lower concentration is created. The plug, which forms a spike signal coupled to the primary GC signal, is then separated in a secondary column, creating a new dimension of GC information. The modulation is partial because only a fraction of the primary signal is modulated and converted into the secondary signal; the remaining primary signal stays unchanged. Therefore, this method yields a comprehensive two-dimensional chromatogram and a primary one-dimensional chromatogram in a single GC run. In this study, the modulation mode, modulation index, and modulation percentage are discussed and the reproducibility of peak areas and retention time are investigated. With a 5.8% modulation percentage and a primary peak half-width 1.7 times wider than the modulation time, the standard deviation for the peak areas are 0.15% for the primary and 0.78% for the secondary chromatograms. Chromatograms of laboratory-mixed hydrocarbons and of high-temperature fuel oil no. 6 standard are demonstrated.
Polarization-insensitive wavelength filters by birefringence compensation of vertical couplers (1996)

We demonstrate a novel birefringence compensation technique to reduce the polarization dependence of AlGaAs directional coupler wavelength filters operating in the 770 to 970 nm wavelength range. By using a multiple quantum well structure to compensate intrinsic waveguide birefringence, we fabricated vertical coupler filters with polarization-dependent wavelength shifts from 0.1 to 2 nm, significantly less than those achieved for conventional devices. Experimental results show that both the filter wavelength and insertion loss can be rendered polarization insensitive by this technique.
Affine invariant sparse maximum a posteriori adaptation (2012)

Modern speech applications utilize acoustic models with billions of parameters, and serve millions of users. Storing an acoustic model for each user is costly. We show through the use of sparse regularization, that it is possible to obtain competitive adaptation performance by changing only a small fraction of the parameters of an acoustic model. This allows for the compression of speaker-dependent models: a capability that has important implications for systems with millions of users. We achieve a performance comparable to the best Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) adaptation models while only adapting 5% of the acoustic model parameters. Thus it is possible to compress the speaker dependent acoustic models by close to a factor of 20. The proposed sparse adaptation criterion improves three aspects of previous work: It combines ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> and ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> penalties, have different adaptation rates for mean and variance parameters and is invariant to affine transformations.
Isolation and properties of a new .BETA.-galactosidase inhibitor, galactostatin, from Streptomyces lydicus. (1988)

A new β-galactosidase inhibitor was found with a newly developed rapid and practical screening method for β-galactosidase inhibitors. Several strains of Actinomycetes that produced βgalactosidase inhibitors were isolated from soil samples using this method, and Streptomyces lydicus PA-5726 was found to produce a high concentration of new inhibitor in the culture medium. Improvement of the medium led to 20-25-fold augmentation (45 to 900-1, 100μg/ml) of the production. This new inhibitor, which was named galactostatin, was isolated by adsorption on Dowex-50W×8 (H+), crystallization from the bisulfite adduct, development on Dowe×-2 × 8 (OH-) and precipitation with EtOH. Galactostatin displayed strong inhibitory activity toward several β-galactosidases in acidic and neutral media but low acute toxicity in mice (LD50 1016mg/kg, i.v.).
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Chondroitin 4-Sulfotransferase (2000)

Chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase (C4ST) catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to position 4 of N-acetylgalactosamine residue of chondroitin. The enzyme has been previously purified to apparent homogeneity from the serum-free culture medium of rat chondrosarcoma cells (Yamauchi, A., Hirahara, Y., Usui, H., Takeda, Y., Hoshino, M., Fukuta, M., Kimura, J. H., and Habuchi, O. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 2456-2463). The purified enzyme also catalyzed the sulfation of partially desulfated dermatan sulfate. We have now cloned the cDNA of the mouse C4ST on the basis of the amino acid sequences of peptides obtained from the purified enzyme by protease digestion. This cDNA contains a single open reading frame that predicts a protein composed of 352 amino acid residues. The protein predicts a Type II transmembrane topology. The predicted sequence of the protein contains all of the known amino acid sequence and four potential sites for N-glycosylation, which corresponds to the observation that the purified C4ST is an N-linked glycoprotein. The amino acid sequence of mouse C4ST showed significant sequence homology to HNK-1 sulfotransferase. Comparison of the sequence of mouse C4ST with human HNK-1 sulfotransferase revealed approximately 29% identity and approximately 48% similarity at the amino acid level. When the cDNA was introduced in a eukaryotic expression vector and transfected in COS-7 cells, the sulfotransferase activity that catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of GalNAc residue of both chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate was overexpressed. Northern blot analysis showed that, among various mouse adult tissues, 5.7-kilobase message of C4ST was mainly expressed in the brain and kidney.
Genes Involved in Anaerobic Metabolism of Phenol in the Bacterium <i>Thauera aromatica</i> (2000)

Genes involved in the anaerobic metabolism of phenol in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica have been studied. The first two committed steps in this metabolism appear to be phosphorylation of phenol to phenylphosphate by an unknown phosphoryl donor ("phenylphosphate synthase") and subsequent carboxylation of phenylphosphate to 4-hydroxybenzoate under release of phosphate ("phenylphosphate carboxylase"). Both enzyme activities are strictly phenol induced. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis allowed identification of several phenol-induced proteins. Based on N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of such proteins, degenerate oligonucleotides were designed to identify the corresponding genes. A chromosomal DNA segment of about 14 kbp was sequenced which contained 10 genes transcribed in the same direction. These are organized in two adjacent gene clusters and include the genes coding for five identified phenol-induced proteins. Comparison with sequences in the databases revealed the following similarities: the gene products of two open reading frames (ORFs) are each similar to either the central part and N-terminal part of phosphoenolpyruvate synthases. We propose that these ORFs are components of the phenylphosphate synthase system. Three ORFs showed similarity to the ubiD gene product, 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy lyase; UbiD catalyzes the decarboxylation of a 4-hydroxybenzoate analogue in ubiquinone biosynthesis. Another ORF was similar to the ubiX gene product, an isoenzyme of UbiD. We propose that (some of) these four proteins are involved in the carboxylation of phenylphosphate. A 700-bp PCR product derived from one of these ORFs cross-hybridized with DNA from different Thauera and Azoarcus strains, even from those which have not been reported to grow with phenol. One ORF showed similarity to the mutT gene product, and three ORFs showed no strong similarities to sequences in the databases. Upstream of the first gene cluster, an ORF which is transcribed in the opposite direction codes for a protein highly similar to the DmpR regulatory protein of Pseudomonas putida. DmpR controls transcription of the genes of aerobic phenol metabolism, suggesting a similar regulation of anaerobic phenol metabolism by the putative regulator.
Active Carbon-Supported Copper(I) Chloride as Solid Adsorbent for Carbon Monoxide (1986)

Abstract An active carbon-supported copper(I) chloride (CuCl) is prepared by stirring active carbon in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of CuCl, followed by removal of the liquid phase under 6 mmHg at 100 °C. The resulting solid rapidly adsorbs carbon monoxide (CO) at 20 °C from 9:1 CO–N2 mixture under 1 atm (the CO partial pressure 0.9 atm) and the equilibrium molar ratio of adsorbed CO to CuCl is 0.88. All of adsorbed CO is promptly desorbed either by reducing CO partial pressure to 0.4 mmHg at 20 °C or by elevating temperature from 20 °C to 120 °C under 1 atm (the CO partial pressure 0.9 atm). Reversible adsorption-desorption cycles are repeated four times without measurable decrease in the adsorbing capacity. The adsorbing capacity of the active carbon-supported CuCl is much larger than either that of CuCl solid or that of active carbon. Effective CO adsorption by the present adsorbent is attributed to formation of complex between CO and CuCl, which is highly dispersed on the surface of active carbon.
Feedback mechanisms for improving probabilistic memory prefetching (2009)

This paper presents three techniques for improving the effectiveness of the recently proposed adaptive stream detection (ASD) prefetching mechanism. The ASD prefetcher is a standard stream buffer that takes a probabilistic feedback-based probabilistic approach to identifying streams. Its strength lies in its ability to effectively prefetch streams that are as short as two consecutive cache lines, which allows it to exploit spatial locality even for programs that have irregular access patterns. The first technique improves a stream buffer's ability to detect short streams, which significantly increases the potential of stream-based prefetching. For example, for the SPECFfp mile benchmark, this new technique doubles the number of detectable streams from 33% to 67%. The second technique improves the quality of the ASD prefetcher's feedback mechanism by adaptively adjusting the epoch length - the length of time used to represent the recent past behavior - according to a simple similarity metric. The third technique improves the timing of prefetches by supporting variable-length prefetching of multiple cache lines. Collectively, these techniques almost double the effectiveness of the ASD prefetcher, improving the performance of the ASD prefetcher by 11.2% for the SPECfp benchmarks, by 10.3% for the NAS benchmarks, and by 13.2% for a set of commercial benchmarks that exhibit poor spatial locality. The improved performance in turn decreases DRAM energy consumption by 7.3%, 8.3%, and 9.4%, respectively, for the same three benchmark suites.
Online Feature Learning from a non-i.i.d. Stream in a Neuromorphic System with Synaptic Competition (2018)

Neuromorphic computing takes inspiration from how the brain works to design power- and area-efficient hardware architectures for learning systems. Recently, unsupervised feature learning neuromorphic architectures have been presented, including a concept of synaptic competition that promotes the engagement of the synapses in the learning beyond weight storage. However, it is common to train these neuromorphic systems following the classic machine learning assumption of i.i.d. dataset sampling, which may not hold for real world inputs. In this paper, we propose a more realistic dataset sampling technique and apply it for online learning in a neuromorphic system using phase-change memristors as synapses and implementing synaptic competition. Furthermore, we propose a novel formulation of synaptic competition that captures orthogonal features, alternatively to independent components. We experimentally demonstrate the operation of the system for a non-i.i.d. stream and compare the performance to the models of lateral inhibition and dendritic inhibition. The obtained results demonstrate online feature learning capabilities of the proposed system and robustness to non-i.i.d. inputs.
Imaging Markers of Progression in Parkinson's Disease (2018)

Here, we provide a review of recent observations deriving from PET, single-positron emission tomography, and MRI studies exploring PD and other parkinsonian disorders.
Novel concept prototype of low‐power‐consumption electrically heatable catalyst (1998)

Abstract Electrically heated catalyst devices (EHCs) are important for treating exhaust gases in the 20 to 120 s warmup period after a cold start when about 70% of the total hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from a modern gasoline powered vehicle are released. Although known for several years, EHCs have not been deployed because these devices are cost‐ and energy‐intensive. An alternate EHC prototype proposed here is based on our reasoning that only the platinum group metals and the molecules undergoing oxidation need to be at light‐off temperatures and it is not necessary to waste energy to heat the whole catalyst. The concept prototype, fabricated on a glass coupon, resistively heats the fluorine doped tin oxide film beneath the washcoat to bring a palladium‐titania washcoat to the CO and HC light‐off temperatures. The electrically powered concept prototype showed light‐off temperatures of 250°C and 260°C for CO and HC, respectively, in laboratory tests with simulated exhaust gases at 25°C. A device based on this concept is estimated to attain the 1‐kW target power consumption required for the deployment of the EHC.
Deterministic co-existence dynamic channel assignment algorithms (2002)

The co-existence dynamic channel assignment (CE-DCA) algorithms presented by Chih-Lin and Haleem (see Proc VTC'97, 1997) facilitate the coexistence of embedded autonomous underlay cellular systems. A key component of these algorithms is the intelligent channel exclusion method. In addition to the statistical method, a deterministic one was presented therein, whose performance is inferior to the former. This paper presents a collection of deterministic CE-DCA algorithms with improved performance. Among these are schemes that approach, or even exceed, the performance bound envisioned by that of the baseline DCA scheme, namely the LP-DCA without channel exclusion.
Spectral detection of thalassemia: a preliminary study (2014)

This new technique could be of significant value for Thal detection, diagnosis, and subsequent genetic counselling and could be adapted for use in small primary health centres.