gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of Sodium Chlorite and Calcium Propionate Reduces Enzymatic Browning and Microbial Population of Fresh‐Cut “Granny Smith” Apples (2010)

Tissue browning and microbial growth are the main concerns associated with fresh-cut apples. In this study, effects of sodium chlorite (SC) and calcium propionate (CP), individually and combined, on quality and microbial population of apple slices were investigated. "Granny Smith" apple slices, dipped for 5 min in CP solutions at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% (w/v) either alone or in combination with 0.05% (w/v) SC, were stored at 3 and 10 degrees C for up to 14 d. Color, firmness, and microflora population were measured at 1, 7, and 14 d of storage. Results showed that CP alone had no significant effect on the browning of cut apples. Even though SC significantly inhibited tissue browning initially, the apple slices turned brown during storage at 10 degrees C. The combination of CP and SC was able to inhibit apple browning during storage. Samples treated with the combination of SC with CP did not show any detectable yeast and mold growth during the entire storage period at 3 degrees C. At 10 degrees C, yeast and mold count increased on apple slices during storage while CP reduced the increase. However, high concentrations of CP reduced the efficacy of SC in inactivating E. coli inoculated on apples. Overall, our results suggested that combination of SC with 0.5% and 1% CP could be used to inhibit tissue browning and maintain firmness while reducing microbial population. Practical Application: Apple slices, which contain antioxidants and other nutrient components, have emerged as popular snacks in food service establishments, school lunch programs, and for family consumption. However, the further growth of the industry is limited by product quality deterioration caused by tissue browning, short shelf-life due to microbial growth, and possible contamination with human pathogens during processing. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop treatments to reduce microbial population and tissue browning of "Granny Smith" apple slices. Results showed that an antimicrobial compound, sodium chlorite, is effective in not only eliminating microbes but also inhibiting tissue browning of apple slices. However, the compound caused tissue softening and its antibrowning effect was short-lived, lasting only for a few days. Combination of the compound with a calcium-containing food additive was able to improve firmness and freshness of apple slices while reducing population of Escherichia coli artificially inoculated on samples and inhibiting the growth of yeast and mold during storage.
A Theme-based Search Technique (2007)

The current search engines usually return a large number of irrelevant documents for a certain query. As a result, accessing such information and filtering out these documents can cause frustration and often result in waste of time and effort for the users while surfing the web. This is mainly because of the underlying techniques used in these engines. These techniques are mostly based in the frequency of the keywords of the query in the HTML code. In addition, issues such as dealing with classifying the pages found for a query according to previous visits along with features needed to make intelligent decisions regarding the access patterns of the users are not considered. This work presents an intelligent search engine, called ORCA that returns the most relevant documents for user's queries. This search engine analyses the queries and builds themes (models) to be used when the engine is confronted with similar queries. The intelligent component is used for constructing a model of the user behavior and using that model to fetch and even prefetch information and documents considered of interest to the user. It uses both latent semantic analysis and web page feature selection for clustering web pages. Latent semantic analysis is used to find the semantic relations between keywords, and between documents.
Child Developmental Delays and Disorders: Failure to Thrive. (2021)

Failure to thrive (FTT), or faltering growth, describes a complex group of clinical scenarios that manifest as abnormalities of growth. A thorough history and physical examination typically reveal the diagnosis, so laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging often are unnecessary. Hospitalization rarely is needed. The differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal, metabolic, endocrine, and genetic conditions; feeding difficulties; developmental and sensory issues; and family dynamics. Children with FTT are at risk of future growth and development problems. Family physicians play an important role in the care of children with growth issues, as they care for the entire family, offer a holistic perspective, and have a thorough knowledge of community resources. In recent years, the multifactorial nature of FTT has been recognized, as has the importance of the use of multidisciplinary teams in treatment. Counseling on enhanced nutrition and referral to occupational and speech therapy subspecialists when needed are well within the scope of family physician practice. Home visitation programs can make a significant difference for patients with FTT and their families. If needed, many children's hospitals offer multidisciplinary feeding teams. Children without significant medical comorbidities who are treated with enhanced nutrition have a good prognosis for returning to a healthy baseline.
Accelerated aging studies of UHMWPE. II. Virgin UHMWPE is not immune to oxidative degradation (2002)

In Part I of this series, we showed that aging at elevated oxygen pressure is more successful at increasing the depth to which degradation occurs although it, too, generally causes greater degradation at the surface than at the subsurface. Therefore we hypothesized that thermal degradation alone, in the absence of free radicals, could be sufficient to artificially age UHMWPE in a manner analogous to natural aging. In the present study, virgin and air-irradiated UHMWPE (extruded GUR 1050 and compression-molded 1900) were aged up to 4 weeks at elevated oxygen pressure, and the mechanical behavior at the surface and subsurface was examined. All the materials were substantially degraded following 4 weeks of aging, but the spatial variations in the nonirradiated materials more closely mimicked the previously observed subsurface peak of degradation seen in naturally aged UHMWPE following irradiation in air. This aged material could provide a more realistic model for subsurface mechanical degradation, making it suitable for further mechanical testing in venues such as wear simulation.
TCD-NPE: A Re-configurable and Efficient Neural Processing Engine, Powered by Novel Temporal-Carry-deferring MACs (2019)

In this paper, we first propose the design of Temporal-Carry-deferring MAC (TCD-MAC) and illustrate how our proposed solution can gain significant energy and performance benefit when utilized to process a stream of input data. We then propose using the TCD-MAC to build a reconfigurable, high speed, and low power Neural Processing Engine (TCD-NPE). We, further, propose a novel scheduler that lists the sequence of needed processing events to process an MLP model in the least number of computational rounds in our proposed TCD-NPE. We illustrate that our proposed TCD-NPE significantly outperform similar neural processing solutions that use conventional MACs in terms of both energy consumption and execution time.
Novel effects of CCN3 that may direct the differentiation of chondrocytes (2011)

Identification and characterization of local molecules directing the differentiation of chondrocytes to either transient or permanent cartilage are major issues in cartilage biology. Here, we found CCN family protein 3 (CCN3) was abundantly produced in rat developing epiphyseal cartilage. Evaluations in vitro showed that CCN3 repressed epiphyseal chondrocyte proliferation, while promoting matrix production in multiple assays performed. Furthermore, CCN3 enhanced the articular chondrocytic phenotype; whereas it repressed the one representing endochondral ossification. Additionally, the phenotype of growth plate chondrocytes and chondrogenic progenitors also appeared to be affected by CCN3 in a similar manner. These findings suggest a significant role of CCN3 in inducing chondrocytes to articular ones during joint formation.
An X-Ray Crystallographic Study on <i>cis</i>-<i>trans</i> Configurational Assignment to “<i>cis</i>-” and “<i>trans</i>-1,8-Terpins” and a Proposal of New Designation for Discriminating between the Configurational Isomers (1982)

Abstract The crystal structures of “cis-terpin” (terpin hydrate) and “trans-terpin” were elucidated by X-ray crystallography. This crystal structure elucidation showed that the hydroxyl group at C-1 and the 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl group at C-4 are in cis and trans relationships in the “cis-” and “trans-1,8-terpin” molecules, respectively, similarly to the structures in solutions. A new designation for discriminating between the configurational isomers is proposed on the ground of the IUPAC Rule for Nomenclature.
Towards a Tax and Transfer System of Human Scale (2008)

The article discusses the themes of complexity, risk and governance that lie at the core of the global financial crisis. Various suggestions for implementation of a progressing tax system design that may be beneficial to all are highlighted.
Comparison and optimization of methods of color image quantization (1997)

Color image quantization, the process of reducing the number of colors in a digital color image, has been widely studied for the last fifteen years. The different steps of clustering methods are studied. The methods are compared step by step and some optimizations of the algorithms and data structures are given. A new color space called H1H2H3 is introduced, which improves the quantization heuristics. A low-cost quantization scheme is proposed.
Clinical significance of the expression of galectin-3 and Pim-1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. (2010)

The pathogenetic role of galectin-3 and Pim-1 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma indicates that galectin-3 and Pim-1 might be used as a possible prognostic factor.
An Epstein-Barr virus transformation-associated membrane protein interacts with src family tyrosine kinases (1992)

In latently infected growth-transformed human lymphocytes, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes two integral plasma membrane proteins: LMP1, which constitutively induces B-lymphocyte activation and intercellular adhesion, and LMP2A, which associates with LMP1 and is a tyrosine kinase substrate. We now demonstrate that LMP2A associates with src family protein tyrosine kinases, particularly lyn kinase, in nonionic detergent extracts of transfected B lymphoma cells or in extracts of EBV-transformed B lymphocytes. The LMP2A and tyrosine kinase association is stable in nonionic detergents and includes a 70-kDa cell protein which is also an in vitro or in vivo kinase substrate. This LMP2A association with B-lymphocyte src family tyrosine kinases is likely to be an important pathway in EBV's effects on cell growth.
Measurement and correction of in vivo sample aberrations employing a nonlinear guide-star in two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy (2011)

We demonstrate that sample induced aberrations can be measured in a nonlinear microscope. This uses the fact that two-photon excited fluorescence naturally produces a localized point source inside the sample: the nonlinear guide-star (NL-GS). The wavefront emitted from the NL-GS can then be recorded using a Shack-Hartmann sensor. Compensation of the recorded sample aberrations is performed by the deformable mirror in a single-step. This technique is applied to fixed and in vivo biological samples, showing, in some cases, more than one order of magnitude improvement in the total collected signal intensity.
An efficient routing database (2002)

Routing is an important problem in the process of design creation. In this paper, we focus on the problem of designing a database for the non-partitioned routing problem. New technology libraries describe constraints that are hard to manage in grid-based approaches to the routing database. While general region query based data-structures have been proposed, they typically suffer from speed problems when applied to large blocks. We introduce an interval-based approach. It provides more flexibility than grid-based techniques. It exploits the notion of preferred direction for metal layers to manage the memory efficiently. It supports efficient region queries. We finally present a comparison study for real industrial designs on this database.
Causes for discharge of military working dogs from service: 268 cases (2000–2004) (2007)

Results suggested that longevity of service for MWDs may be influenced by breed differences and that selection criteria should be evaluated to reduce behavior-related discharge from service.
Anticoagulants (Thrombin Inhibitors) and Aspirin Synergize With P2Y <sub>12</sub> Receptor Antagonism in Thrombosis (2003)

Our study indicates that (1) thrombin inhibitors and aspirin have a demonstrable synergy of antithrombotic activity with P2Y12 antagonism and (2) the in vitro analysis of the antithrombotic activity of P2Y12 antagonists is affected by the anticoagulant used for blood collection. This suggests that the antithrombotic potential of P2Y12 antagonists in vitro may be overestimated in anticoagulated samples of blood and best achieved in vivo by the inclusion of aspirin and/or a thrombin inhibitor.
Absorption, distribution and excretion of lacidipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in rat and dog (1990)

1. The absorption, distribution and excretion of lacidipine have been studied in rat and dog after i.v. (0.05 mg/kg for rat; 0.5 mg/kg for dog) and oral dosage (2.5 mg/kg for rat; 2.0 mg/kg for dog). 2. Lacidipine was rapidly and extensively absorbed after oral dosing, in both species. Oral bioavailability was up to 26% in rat and up to 32% in dog, due to extensive first-pass metabolism. 3. After oral administration, peak levels of radioactivity were reached at 4-8 h in rat and 1-2 h in dog. Unchanged lacidipine peaked at 1-2 h in both species. Plasma levels of radioactivity were higher in female rats than in males but there was no difference in levels of unchanged drug. 4. After i.v. dosing the terminal half-life of unchanged drug was 2.9 h in rat and 8.2 h in dog. The half-life of radioactivity in plasma was longer in both species. 5. After both routes of administration, radioactivity was rapidly distributed in rat tissues with the highest concentration in liver, fat and gastrointestinal tract. Only traces of radioactivity were detected in the CNS and in rat foetuses. 6. Extensive biliary elimination occurred, and most of the radioactivity (73-95%) was excreted in the faeces after i.v. or oral administration. 7. The compound was extensively metabolized, no significant amount of unchanged drug was excreted in bile or urine.
Temporal coherency of mechanical stimuli modulates tactile form perception (2021)

The human hand can detect both form and texture information of a contact surface. The detection of skin displacement (sustained stimulus) and changes in skin displacement (transient stimulus) are thought to be mediated in different tactile channels; however, tactile form perception may use both types of information. Here, we studied whether both the temporal frequency and the temporal coherency information of tactile stimuli encoded in sensory neurons could be used to recognize the form of contact surfaces. We used the fishbone tactile illusion (FTI), a known tactile phenomenon, as a probe for tactile form perception in humans. This illusion typically occurs with a surface geometry that has a smooth bar and coarse textures in its adjacent areas. When stroking the central bar back and forth with a fingertip, a human observer perceives a hollow surface geometry even though the bar is physically flat. We used a passive high-density pin matrix to extract only the vertical information of the contact surface, suppressing tangential displacement from surface rubbing. Participants in the psychological experiment reported indented surface geometry by tracing over the FTI textures with pin matrices of the different spatial densities (1.0 and 2.0 mm pin intervals). Human participants reported that the relative magnitude of perceived surface indentation steeply decreased when pins in the adjacent areas vibrated in synchrony. To address possible mechanisms for tactile form perception in the FTI, we developed a computational model of sensory neurons to estimate temporal patterns of action potentials from tactile receptive fields. Our computational data suggest that (1) the temporal asynchrony of sensory neuron responses is correlated with the relative magnitude of perceived surface indentation and (2) the spatiotemporal change of displacements in tactile stimuli are correlated with the asynchrony of simulated sensory neuron responses for the fishbone surface patterns. Based on these results, we propose that both the frequency and the asynchrony of temporal activity in sensory neurons could produce tactile form perception.
Acetaminophen-Associated Hepatic Injury: Evaluation of Acetaminophen Protein Adducts in Children and Adolescents With Acetaminophen Overdose (2008)

Acetaminophen protein adducts (APAP adducts) were quantified in 157 adolescents and children presenting at eight pediatric hospitals with the chief complaint of APAP overdose. Two of the patients required liver transplantation, whereas all the others recovered spontaneously. Peak APAP adducts correlated with peak hepatic transaminase values, time-to-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and risk determination per the Rumack-Matthews nomogram. A population pharmacokinetic analysis (NONMEM) was performed with post hoc empiric Bayesian estimates determined for the elimination rate constants (k(e)), elimination half-lives (t(1/2)), and maximum concentration of adducts (C(max)) of the subjects. The mean (+/-SD)k(e) and half-life were 0.486 +/- 0.084 days(-1) and 1.47+/- 0.30 days, respectively, and the C(max) was 1.2 (+/-2.92) nmol/ml serum. The model-derived, predicted adduct value at 48 h (Adduct 48) correlated with adductC(max), adduct T(max), Rumack-Matthews risk determination, peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and peak alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The pharmacokinetics and clinical correlates of APAP adducts in pediatric and adolescent patients with APAP overdose support the need for a further examination of the role of APAP adducts as clinically relevant and specific biomarkers of APAP toxicity.
Substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna with dielectric lens (2006)

Abstract A novel compact H‐plane horn antenna constructed is proposed for substrate integrated rectangular waveguide with ξ r = 10.2. It has a dielectric arc lens for better directivity and a simple microstrip transition as feed. The horn, the lens, and the transition share the same substrate. The measured gain of this antenna is about 9 dB; the bandwidth, at 10 dB return loss, is over 12%, and the antenna size is 39.175 × 14 × 2 mm 3 . The frequency band is 25.5–28.5 GHz. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 168–178, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22086
TLR3 activation evokes IL-6 secretion, autocrine regulation of Stat3 signaling and TLR2 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells (2012)

Human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to synthetic double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) exhibited increased IL-6 and RANTES secretion and TLR2 expression that was inhibited following TLR3 silencing. Increased NF-κB and Stat3 phosphorylation were detected after poly I:C exposure and pretreatment with neutralizing antibody targeting IL-6 receptor α (IL-6Rα -nAb) or blocking Jak2 and Stat3 activity inhibited Stat3 phosphorylation. TLR2 up-regulation by poly I:C was also reduced by IL-6Rα-nAb and inhibitors of Jak2, Stat3 and NF-κB phosphorylation, whereas RANTES secretion was unaffected, but abolished following NF-κB inhibition. Treatment with exogenous IL-6 failed to increase TLR2. These findings demonstrate that TLR3 activation differentially regulates TLR expression through autocrine signaling involving IL-6 secretion, IL-6Rα activation and subsequent phosphorylation of Stat3. The results also indicate that NF-κB and Stat3 are required for TLR3-dependent up-regulation of TLR2 and that its delayed expression was due to a requirement for IL-6-dependent Stat3 activation.
A television method for measuring infrared and ultraviolet reflectances of pigmented lesions (1982)

Photographic photometry has been used to measure infrared and ultraviolet reflectance of pigmented skin lesions as an aid to differentiate between malignant and non-malignant melanomas. This article describes the use of television for this purpose, looks at the problems involved and compares results obtained with the two methods.
Patient Positioning in Radiotherapy (2020)

External beam radiotherapy is one of the main methods of cancer treatment in curative and palliative oncology. It aims at precise delivery of high dose to a target volume, which is performed in a series of defined fractions by a linear accelerator. To ensure the effectiveness of the therapy and the safety of the patient, high reproducibility of the patient position is mandatory. In this paper, we review patient positioning techniques and compare their technical principle, system components, application in workflow, general advantages and drawbacks. Furthermore, we explore future potential for the implementation of digital tools.
Neural Network Training With Levenberg–Marquardt and Adaptable Weight Compression (2018)

Difficult experiments in training neural networks often fail to converge due to what is known as the flat-spot problem, where the gradient of hidden neurons in the network diminishes in value, rending the weight update process ineffective. Whereas a first-order algorithm can address this issue by learning parameters to normalize neuron activations, the second-order algorithms cannot afford additional parameters given that they include a large Jacobian matrix calculation. This paper proposes Levenberg-Marquardt with weight compression (LM-WC), which combats the flat-spot problem by compressing neuron weights to push neuron activation out of the saturated region and close to the linear region. The presented algorithm requires no additional learned parameters and contains an adaptable compression parameter, which is adjusted to avoid training failure and increase the probability of neural network convergence. Several experiments are presented and discussed to demonstrate the success of LM-WC against standard LM and LM with random restarts on benchmark data sets for varying network architectures. Our results suggest that the LM-WC algorithm can improve training success by 10 times or more compared with other methods.
New Norcantharidin Analogs: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity (2015)

The reaction of direct condensation between S-ethyl-N-(7-oxabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarbonyl)isothiosemicarbazide (1) and primary amines was used for synthesizing new N-substituted amides of 3-(3-ethylthio-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-7-oxabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (2-12) as norcantharadin analogs. Moreover, the anticancer activity of the obtained compounds was studied. Among all compounds, the N-3-methylbutyl amide of 3-(3-ethylthio-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-7-oxabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (4) presented selective in vitro toxic and antiproliferative effects against the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B, without affecting normal human liver stellate cells (LX-2 cell line).