gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable band-pass filter based on Liquid Crystal (2010)

This paper presents a design study of a tunable band-pass filter. The tunability is achieved by using Liquid Crystal (LC) as a tunable dielectric. The respective three-pole filter is designed to have a center frequency of 20GHz. It is shown that the center frequency of the designed filter can be shifted by approx. 2GHz. The device is fabricated using a glass-LC-glass sandwich structure with a total thickness of 600 µm. The lateral dimensions of a single filter structure are 9×4 mm.
Unsymmetrical and symmetrical diphosphazane ligands derived from <i>o</i>‐phenylene phosphorochloridite (1991)

Abstract Two new diphosphazane ligands, Pr i N(PPh 2 )(PO 2 C 6 H 4 ) ( 1 ) and Pr i N{P(O 2 C 6 H 4 )} 2 ( 3 ), have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic data. The structure of 1 has been confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Crystal data: Monoclinic, C 2/ c , Z = 16, a = 34.149(5) Å, b = 9.717(6) Å, c = 29.439(5) Å, β = 125.11(2)°, V = 7991 Å 3 , R = 0.058, R w = 0.061. This compound shows two different P–N bond lengths (1.654 (4) and 1.743(4) Å) and a P–N–P angle of 120.7(2)°. Variable temperature 31 P NMR measurements for 1 and 3 throw light on the nature of the conformers present in solution.
Reduction of morbidity and mortality rates for neonatal group B streptococcal disease through early diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis (1986)

Pregnant women, part of the term service population at Orlando Regional Medical Center, were screened for group B streptococci (GBS), using Lim Group B Strep Broth (GIBCO Laboratories, Madison, Wis.) and the Phadebact Strep B Test (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.). Of the 803 women screened, 173 were confirmed as colonized with GBS at the time of admission in labor. Eighty of these women were treated with ampicillin at least 6 h prior to delivery. The remaining 93 women received no ampicillin. None of the infants born to the treated women was colonized with GBS at surface culture sites. Forty-three of the infants born to untreated women were colonized. Rapid identification of GBS colonization in women, combined with ampicillin chemoprophylaxis, significantly reduced vertical transmission of GBS.
Role of Glial Cell Line‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Germ‐Line Stem Cell Fate (2005)

The overall goal of this study is to unravel the role(s) played by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the fate of spermatogonial stem cells. There is great interest in the biology of spermatogonial stem cells, or A(single) spermatogonia, because of their importance in the treatment of infertility, the development of contraceptives, and the understanding of the etiology of testicular cancer, particularly seminoma. In the mouse, spermatogonial stem cells express GFRalpha-1, the receptor for GDNF, and respond to this growth factor in vivo and in vitro. GDNF is produced by the adjacent Sertoli cells, which are part of the germ-line stem cell niche in vertebrates. We specifically isolated GFRalpha-1-positive spermatogonia using an immunomagnetic bead technique. We then stimulated the cells with 100 ng/mL of rGDNF for 10 hours; unstimulated cells served as negative controls. Microarray analysis, immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting revealed that Numb, a regulator of the Notch pathway, is upregulated by GDNF in spermatogonial stem cells. There are indications that in rats, mice, and humans, the Notch pathway promotes spermatogonial differentiation. We observed that an increase in Numb expression is concomitant with Notch degradation in these cells. Thus, through Numb, GDNF might inhibit differentiation and allows the maintenance of the stem cell pool in the mouse seminiferous epithelium.
Goal pursuing styles and the emergence of post-traumatic growth: a study with Hong Kong young adults under the ‘double hit’ of social movement and COVID (2023)

ABSTRACTBetween 2019 and 2020, Hong Kong faced a mental health crisis due to the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill social movement and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored post-traumatic growth (PTG) in young adults in Hong Kong who experienced these challenges. We focused on two goal-pursuing styles, tenacious goal pursuit (TGP) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA), and their impact on cognitive processes related to PTG. Our findings revealed that high FGA, coupled with a greater perceived impact of the social movement, led to increased reflective rumination and subsequently higher levels of PTG. These results emphasize the significance of FGA and the perceived impact of the social movement in promoting constructive cognitive processes and PTG.KEYWORDS: Post-traumatic growthruminationCOVIDsocial movementyoung adults Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s.)Additional informationFundingThis project is a part of the Master thesis of the first author, and did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Notes on contributorsLian Ying-Chun PatLian Ying-chun Pat is currently a research assistant in the Department of Counselling and Psychology at Hong Kong Shue Yan University. Her research interests inclueds stress-coping processes and post-traumatic growth.Bobo Hi-Po LauDr. Bobo Hi-Po Lau is an Associate Professor in the Department of Counselling and Psychology and the Associate Director of the Mrs. Dorothy Koo & Dr. Ti Hua Koo Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practices and Research at Hong Kong Shue Yan University. She is a trained research health psychologist with a focus on community mental health and stress-coping processes.
Fine-Grained Mechanical Chinese Named Entity Recognition Based on ALBERT-AttBiLSTM-CRF and Transfer Learning (2020)

Manufacturing text often exists as unlabeled data; the entity is fine-grained and the extraction is difficult. The above problems mean that the manufacturing industry knowledge utilization rate is low. This paper proposes a novel Chinese fine-grained NER (named entity recognition) method based on symmetry lightweight deep multinetwork collaboration (ALBERT-AttBiLSTM-CRF) and model transfer considering active learning (MTAL) to research fine-grained named entity recognition of a few labeled Chinese textual data types. The method is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the ALBERT-AttBiLSTM-CRF was applied for verification in the CLUENER2020 dataset (Public dataset) to get a pretrained model; the experiments show that the model obtains an F1 score of 0.8962, which is better than the best baseline algorithm, an improvement of 9.2%. In the second stage, the pretrained model was transferred into the Manufacturing-NER dataset (our dataset), and we used the active learning strategy to optimize the model effect. The final F1 result of Manufacturing-NER was 0.8931 after the model transfer (it was higher than 0.8576 before the model transfer); so, this method represents an improvement of 3.55%. Our method effectively transfers the existing knowledge from public source data to scientific target data, solving the problem of named entity recognition with scarce labeled domain data, and proves its effectiveness.
Complement Activation in Inflammatory Skin Diseases (2018)

The complement system is a fundamental part of the innate immune system, playing a crucial role in host defense against various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Activation of complement results in production of several molecules mediating chemotaxis, opsonization, and mast cell degranulation, which can contribute to the elimination of pathogenic organisms and inflammation. Furthermore, the complement system also has regulating properties in inflammatory and immune responses. Complement activity in diseases is rather complex and may involve both aberrant expression of complement and genetic deficiencies of complement components or regulators. The skin represents an active immune organ with complex interactions between cellular components and various mediators. Complement involvement has been associated with several skin diseases, such as psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, cutaneous vasculitis, urticaria, and bullous dermatoses. Several triggers including auto-antibodies and micro-organisms can activate complement, while on the other hand complement deficiencies can contribute to impaired immune complex clearance, leading to disease. This review provides an overview of the role of complement in inflammatory skin diseases and discusses complement factors as potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Optical coupler for laser redundancy system (1982)

Experimental results are described for a new optical coupler, which consists of two laser diodes, two GRIN spherical rod lenses, a polarised filter and a single-mode fibre, and employs laser diode polarisation characteristics for an optical submarine transmission laser redundancy system. This optical coupler has two channels at a 1.3 μm wavelength. Optical coupler loss, which includes coupling loss, polarisation loss and assembly loss, is 4.9 dB for laser diode 1, and 5.2 dB for laser diode 2.
A Machine Learning Challenge for Prognostic Modelling in Head and Neck Cancer Using Multi-modal Data (2021)

Accurate prognosis for an individual patient is a key component of precision oncology. Recent advances in machine learning have enabled the development of models using a wider range of data, including imaging. Radiomics aims to extract quantitative predictive and prognostic biomarkers from routine medical imaging, but evidence for computed tomography radiomics for prognosis remains inconclusive. We have conducted an institutional machine learning challenge to develop an accurate model for overall survival prediction in head and neck cancer using clinical data etxracted from electronic medical records and pre-treatment radiological images, as well as to evaluate the true added benefit of radiomics for head and neck cancer prognosis. Using a large, retrospective dataset of 2,552 patients and a rigorous evaluation framework, we compared 12 different submissions using imaging and clinical data, separately or in combination. The winning approach used non-linear, multitask learning on clinical data and tumour volume, achieving high prognostic accuracy for 2-year and lifetime survival prediction and outperforming models relying on clinical data only, engineered radiomics and deep learning. Combining all submissions in an ensemble model resulted in improved accuracy, with the highest gain from a image-based deep learning model. Our results show the potential of machine learning and simple, informative prognostic factors in combination with large datasets as a tool to guide personalized cancer care.
Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linking (1993)

Intense activity in molecular cytochemistry has rekindled interest in questions regarding aldehyde chemistry in the fixation of biological specimens. The chemistry of glutaraldehyde crosslinking has been examined numerous times. The reaction of glutaraldehyde with common low molecular weight nucleophiles such as amino acids and sulfhydryl compounds, which are frequently encountered in biological systems, generates a wide range of products. The complexity of the condensation product mixture has thwarted a thorough understanding of crosslinking mechanisms. Despite this, it is useful to consider the condensation products of glutaraldehyde with itself and other low molecular weight precursors as the actual crosslinking structures. With that emphasis, this paper focuses on: 1) the molecular weight range of the condensation products as a function of available precursors, and 2) the kinetics of formation of the products.
Context-based vector fields for multi-object tracking in application to road traffic (2014)

In this contribution, we propose to use road and lane information as contextual cues in order to increase the precision of multi-object object tracking. For tracking, we employ a Monte Carlo implementation of a Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD)-filter, whereas scene context (road and lane information) is taken from annotated street maps. The novel aspect of the presented work is the tightly coupling of context information and the particle filtering process. This is achieved by injecting a priori particles representing locally expected motions, which are in turn determined by the local road and the lane configuration. This approach is evaluated on objects (tracklets) from the public KITTI benchmark database. Our experimental findings demonstrate a considerable tracking precision increasing when including this kind of a priori knowledge. At the same time, the approach is able to determine objects whose movements differ from the locally expected motion, which is an important feature for safety applications.
Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Syntheses of 2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>b</i>][1,4]thiazin-3(4<i>H</i>)-ones and Quinoxalin-2(1<i>H</i>)-ones through Capturing S and N Atom Respectively from AcSH and TsNH<sub>2</sub> (2010)

A copper-catalyzed cascade method has been developed to synthesize the 2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3(4H)-ones from 2-halo-N-(2-halophenyl)-acetamides 1 and AcSH via the S(N)2/deacetylation/coupling process, and to synthesize the quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones from 1 and TsNH(2) via the S(N)2/coupling/desulfonation process. The target products were obtained with diversity at three positions on their scaffolds.
Selective Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction during Pulsed Potential Stems from Dynamic Interface (2020)

Pulsing the potential during the electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) reaction using copper has been shown to influence product selectivity (i.e., to suppress the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) and to improve electrocatalyst stability compared to the constant applied potential. However, the underlying mechanism and contribution of interfacial/surface phenomena behind the pulsed potential application remain largely unknown. We investigated the state of the copper surface during the pulsed potential electrochemical CO2R using in situ X-ray adsorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). We probed the surface valence of the metallic electrode and found that the Cu electrode remains metallic over a broad pulsed potential range and only oxidizes to form Cu(OH)2 in the bulk when the pulsed potential reaches the highly oxidative limit (greater than 0.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)). Our results suggest that the pulsed anodic potential influences the interfacial species on the electrode surface, i.e., the dynamic competition between protons and hydroxide adsorbates instead of bulk copper oxidation. We attribute the suppressed HER to the electroadsorption of hydroxides, which outcompetes protons for surface sites. As shown in a recent in situ infrared study [Iijima, G. ; ACS Catalysis 2019, 9, 6305], adsorbed hydroxides promote CO adsorption, a crucial CO2 reduction intermediate, by preventing CO from becoming inert through a near-neighbor effect. We corroborate this interpretation by demonstrating that the pulsed potential application can suppress the HER during the CO reduction just as the CO2R. Our results suggest that the pulsed potential mechanism favors CO2R over the HER due to two effects: (1) proton desorption/displacement during the anodic potential and (2) the accumulation of OHads creating a higher pH–surface environment, promoting CO adsorption. We can describe this pulsed potential dynamic interfacial mechanism in a competing quaternary Langmuir isotherm model. The insights from this investigation have wide-ranging implications for applying pulsed potential profiles to improve other electrochemical reactions.
Effect of Genetic African Ancestry on eGFR and Kidney Disease (2014)

Self-reported ancestry, genetically determined ancestry, and APOL1 polymorphisms are associated with variation in kidney function and related disease risk, but the relative importance of these factors remains unclear. We estimated the global proportion of African ancestry for 9048 individuals at Mount Sinai Medical Center in Manhattan (3189 African Americans, 1721 European Americans, and 4138 Hispanic/Latino Americans by self-report) using genome-wide genotype data. CKD-EPI eGFR and genotypes of three APOL1 coding variants were available. In admixed African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans, serum creatinine values increased as African ancestry increased (per 10% increase in African ancestry, creatinine values increased 1% in African Americans and 0.9% in Hispanic/Latino Americans; P≤1x10(-7)). eGFR was likewise significantly associated with African genetic ancestry in both populations. In contrast, APOL1 risk haplotypes were significantly associated with CKD, eGFR<45 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and ESRD, with effects increasing with worsening disease states and the contribution of genetic African ancestry decreasing in parallel. Using genetic ancestry in the eGFR equation to reclassify patients as black on the basis of ≥50% African ancestry resulted in higher eGFR for 14.7% of Hispanic/Latino Americans and lower eGFR for 4.1% of African Americans, affecting CKD staging in 4.3% and 1% of participants, respectively. Reclassified individuals had electrolyte values consistent with their newly assigned CKD stage. In summary, proportion of African ancestry was significantly associated with normal-range creatinine and eGFR, whereas APOL1 risk haplotypes drove the associations with CKD. Recalculation of eGFR on the basis of genetic ancestry affected CKD staging and warrants additional investigation.
Compositional Questions Do Not Necessitate Multi-hop Reasoning (2019)

Multi-hop reading comprehension (RC) questions are challenging because they require reading and reasoning over multiple paragraphs. We argue that it can be difficult to construct large multi-hop RC datasets. For example, even highly compositional questions can be answered with a single hop if they target specific entity types, or the facts needed to answer them are redundant. Our analysis is centered on HotpotQA, where we show that single-hop reasoning can solve much more of the dataset than previously thought. We introduce a single-hop BERT-based RC model that achieves 67 F1---comparable to state-of-the-art multi-hop models. We also design an evaluation setting where humans are not shown all of the necessary paragraphs for the intended multi-hop reasoning but can still answer over 80% of questions. Together with detailed error analysis, these results suggest there should be an increasing focus on the role of evidence in multi-hop reasoning and possibly even a shift towards information retrieval style evaluations with large and diverse evidence collections.
Transfer fabrication technique for embedded and inverted micro/nanostructures (2006)

A transfer fabrication technique is developed to construct embedded and inverted micro/nanostructures that cannot be readily built by other methods. Transfer patterning/printing is used for the fabrication, which involves transferring a patterned layer on a flat substrate to another substrate that has a higher work of adhesion with the layer than the flat substrate. The technique is relatively simple and fast (∼10s). Inversion of a shape that is made possible by the transfer is the basic concept. This inversion allows fabrication of three-dimensional embedded structures through multiple stacking. The technique could open new avenues for various applications.
FabSoften: Face Beautification via Dynamic Skin Smoothing, Guided Feathering, and Texture Restoration (2020)

Face retouching is a widespread application in modern smartphone cameras with its high business value evidenced by its broad user base. We propose a real-time face softening approach that smooths blemishes in the facial skin region, followed by a wavelet band manipulation to restore the underlying skin texture, which produces a highly appealing `beautified' face that retains its natural appearance. Softening is carried out by an attribute-aware dynamic smoothing filter that is guided by facial attributes, including the number of blemishes and coarseness of facial skin texture. The proposed solution is robust to wide variations in lighting conditions, skin nonuniformities, blemishes, the presence of facial accessories, and delicate hair-like regions. The method includes an explicit facial hair preservation module to preserve their delicate texture while smoothing blemishes. We perform a qualitative comparison of our proposed face softening approach with numerous state-of-the-art techniques and commercial products. We demonstrate the power of our method in producing beautified faces at a minimal performance cost, which enables smooth execution on low-power devices like smartphones.
Detecting and Mapping Video Impairments (2018)

Automatically identifying the locations and severities of video artifacts without the advantage of an original reference video is a difficult task. We present a novel approach to conducting no-reference artifact detection in digital videos, implemented as an efficient and unique dual-path (parallel) excitatory/inhibitory neural network that uses a simple discrimination rule to define a bank of accurate distortion detectors. The learning engine is distortion-sensitized by pre-processing each video using a statistical image model. The overall system is able to produce full-resolution space-time distortion maps for visualization, as well as providing global distortion detection decisions that represent the state of the art in performance. Our model, which we call the Video Impairment Mapper (VIDMAP), produces a first-of-a-kind full resolution map of artifact detection probabilities. The current realization of this system is able to accurately detect and map eight of the most important artifact categories encountered during streaming video source inspection: aliasing, video encoding corruptions, quantization, contours/banding, combing, compression, dropped frames, and upscaling artifacts. We show that it is either competitive with or significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art on the whole-image artifact detection task. A software release of VIDMAP that has been trained to detect and map these artifacts is available online: http://live.ece.utexas.edu/research/quality/VIDMAP release.zip for public use and evaluation.
Systematic distribution of muscle fibre types in the rat and rabbit diaphragm: a morphometric and ultrastructural analysis. (1990)

The histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the adult rat and rabbit costal diaphragm were investigated. On the basis of enzyme histochemistry, the rat diaphragm was found to contain 42% and 39% Type I, 24% and 25% Type II A and 33% and 34% Type II B fibres on the thoracic and abdominal surfaces respectively. The rabbit costal diaphragm contained 18% and 26% Type I, 46% and 39% Type II A and 35% and 34% Type II B fibres on the thoracic and abdominal surfaces respectively. Differences in the proportion of each muscle fibre type were also observed between diaphragmatic regions (ventral, medial and dorsal) in the rat as well as in the rabbit. Differences in muscle architecture were also noted on the basis of stereological analysis in estimation of volume density, surface density, numerical density and cross-sectional areas of each muscle fibre type. The fine structural analysis of all three fibre types also showed significant differences in the width of the A-bands and Z-lines between the muscle fibre types of the rat and rabbit costal diaphragm.