gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reductive transformation and dechlorination of chloronitrobenzenes in UASB reactor enhanced with zero‐valent iron addition (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Zero‐valent iron (ZVI) is increasingly being applied in biological wastewater treatment to enhance the conversion of various contaminants. The objective of this present study was to investigate the effect of ZVI on the anaerobic biotransformation and dechlorination of chloronitrobenzenes (3,4‐DClNB and 4‐ClNB). Experiments were conducted in two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, one (R2) with 30 g L −1 ZVI added, and the other (R1), serving as control reactor. RESULTS: ZVI‐based anaerobic granular sludge (ZVI‐AGS) composed of bacteria associated with precipitated FeCO 3 and FeS was successfully developed within 5 months in reactor R2. ZVI addition obviously enhanced 3,4‐DClNB transformation and dechlorination efficiencies under high 3,4‐DClNB loads, and further promoted dechlorination of 4‐chloroaniline (4‐ClAn) to aniline. Compared with the AGS formed in R1 reactor, iron and its corrosion products were observed and colonized with anaerobes such as methanothrix in ZVI‐AGS, and the specific transformation rates of 3,4‐DClNB and 4‐ClNB using ZVI‐AGS were improved by 34.0% and 64.4%, respectively. Furthermore, ZVI‐AGS provided higher 3,4‐dichloronailine and 4‐ClAn dechlorination efficiency than AGS. Abiotic transformation of ClNBs by ZVI, appropriate concentration of iron corrosion products, lower redox potential and greater hydrogen production were the main factors providing enhanced transformation and dechlorination of ClNBs in the UASB reactor. CONCLUSION: Addition of ZVI to a UASB reactor enhanced the reductive transformation and dechlorination of ClNBs. It provides a feasible proposal for the design and optimization of a high‐rate anaerobic wastewater treatment technique for industrial wastewater. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Laccase-catalyzed oxidative phenolic coupling of vanillidene derivatives (2012)

The laccase-catalyzed oxidative phenolic coupling of vanillidene derivatives using aerial oxygen as the oxidant has been developed. Depending on the substitution pattern of the vanillidene double bond of the substrate, either dilactones, dihydrobenzo[b]furans or biphenyls are formed.
Communication based multilevel synthesis for multi-output Boolean functions (2002)

A multilevel logic synthesis technique for multi-output Boolean functions is presented which is based on minimizing the communication complexity. Unlike previous approaches, which in the final analysis decompose each single-output function f/sub i/ of a multi-output function f=(f/sub 1/, ..., f/sub m/) independently of the other single-output functions f/sub j/ (j/spl ne/i), the approach presented in this paper gives special attention to the fact that there possibly exist some decomposition functions which can be used by different outputs during the decomposition of the single-output functions of f. The benchmarking results (taken from 1991 MCNC multilevel logic benchmarks) which close the paper are promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of ciclosporin in psoriasis (2005)

Ciclosporin is a cyclic undecapeptide discovered in the 1970s to possess a potent inhibitory action on T lymphocytes. The subsequent discovery, in 1979, that it was remarkably effective in treatment of psoriasis transformed thinking about the nature of the disease, which subsequently became generally recognized as autoimmune in nature. Ciclosporin remains one of the most effective and rapidly acting treatments currently available for psoriasis. Virtually all the diverse manifestations of this disease can respond. The main side effects are nephrotoxicity and hypertension. There is considerable variation between individuals in susceptibility to these so careful monitoring is required. Ciclosporin should be used in single or intermittent short courses for all except the most severe cases as this is safer than continuous treatment. The rate of improvement depends very much on the dose, which ranges from 2 to 5.0 mg/kg/day. Ciclosporin can be combined with any topical treatment and a useful dose-sparing effect can be achieved in this way if patients are compliant. In severe cases ciclosporin is often used in combination with other systemic antipsoriatic drugs in order to spare the dose of each agent and reduce toxicity. Concurrent or intercurrent use of ultraviolet therapy is discouraged due to the increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. This article reviews the mode of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, side effects, dosage regimens, pretreatment screening and monitoring, drug interactions, and use of treatment combinations with ciclosporin in the management of psoriasis.
Control of inflammatory heart disease by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (2013)

This review focuses on autoimmune myocarditis and its sequela, inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMI), and the inflammatory and immune mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases. Several mouse models of myocarditis and DCMI have improved our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these diseases, informing more general problems of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. CD4(+) T cells are critical in driving the pathogenesis of myocarditis. We discuss in detail the role of T helper cell subtypes in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, the biology of T cell-derived effector cytokines, and the participation of other leukocytic effectors in mediating disease pathophysiology. We discuss interactions between these subsets in both suppressive and collaborative fashions. These findings indicate that cardiac inflammatory disease, and autoimmunity in general, may be more diverse in divergent effector mechanisms than has previously been appreciated.
The Displacement Cardiograph (1976)

The displacement cardiograph (DCG) is a non-contacting electromagnetic instrument for the recording of heart movement. Its field penetrates deep into the body and is extremely sensitive thereby allowing the recording of myocardial movement from patients regardless of body shape or posture even by paramedical personnel. A summary of recordings from normal subjects, patients and animals is described here showing the DCG's flexibility as a diagnostic tool and as a device for basic physiological studies into the kinetics of organs.
Thinning of multilayer graphene to monolayer graphene in a plasma environment (2010)

We present a facile approach to transform multilayer graphene to single-layer graphene in a gradual thinning process. Our technique is based upon gradual etching of multilayer graphene in a hydrogen and nitrogen plasma environment. High resolution transmission microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the transformation of multilayer graphene to monolayer graphene at a substrate temperature of ∼ 400 °C. The shift in the position of the G-band peak shows a perfect linear dependence with substrate temperature, which indicates a controlled gradual etching process. Selected area electron diffraction also confirmed the removal of functional groups from the graphene surface due to the plasma treatment. We also show that plasma treatment can be used to engineer graphene nanomesh structures.
On applying classification to schema integration (2002)

Discusses how the concepts of subsumption and classification (as described in the KL-ONE family of systems) can be adapted to automatically identify various relationships among classes. Classes can overlap, or be equivalent or disjoint, or one class may include another class. Computing such relationships is based on the 'subsume' function, which determines whether a given class is a superclass of another class. Relationships thus identified can be used to merge classes of two or more schemas (i.e., integrating these schemas) with the help of the classification function and other schema restructuring operators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Geovisualization of COVID-19: State of the Art and Opportunities (2021)

La cartographie de la prévalence et de la propagation des maladies infectieuses n’a jamais été plus cruciale que dans le contexte de la pandémie de COVID-19. Une pléthore de tableaux de bord de SIG en ligne incorporant la fonctionnalité SIG de base ont été créés ; ces tableaux de bord ont servi de plateforme pour le partage rapide de données et la communication d’information en temps réel, facilitant somme toute la prise de décisions. Toutefois, bon nombre de ces tableaux ont été axés uniquement sur la présentation et le contrôle de l’incidence cumulative ou quotidienne des données sur la COVID-19, sans égard à la dimension temporelle. Les auteurs se penchent sur l’utilité des tableaux de bord basés sur les SIG pour cartographier la prévalence de la COVID-19, mais également sur les occasions manquées de mettre l’accent sur le composant temporel de la maladie (cyclicité, saisonnalité). Ils évoquent la possibilité d’un recours aux techniques avancées de géovisualisation pour intégrer le composant temporel aux cartes animées interactives illustrant a) le risque relatif quotidien et le nombre de jours pendant lesquels une zone géographique a été un foyer de contagion, b) le ratio du nombre de cas observés par rapport au nombre de cas prévus dans le temps et c) la dynamique du nombre des décès dans un cube espace-temps. Les auteurs illustrent ces méthodes au moyen des cas de COVID-19 et du nombre des décès aux États-Unis, à l’échelon des comtés, entre le 25 janvier et le 1 er octobre 2020. Ils expliquent comment chacune de ces méthodes de visualisation peut faciliter la compréhension d’importants concepts de santé publique appliqués à la pandémie comme le risque, la propagation et le taux de mortalité. Enfin, les auteurs proposent des pistes à envisager pour promouvoir la recherche au carrefour de la visualisation spatiotemporelle et des maladies infectieuses.
Recognising action as clouds of space-time interest points (2009)

Much of recent action recognition research is based on space-time interest points extracted from video using a Bag of Words (BOW) representation. It mainly relies on the discriminative power of individual local space-time descriptors, whilst ignoring potentially valuable information about the global spatio-temporal distribution of interest points. In this paper, we propose a novel action recognition approach which differs significantly from previous interest points based approaches in that only the global spatiotemporal distribution of the interest points are exploited. This is achieved through extracting holistic features from clouds of interest points accumulated over multiple temporal scales followed by automatic feature selection. Our approach avoids the non-trivial problems of selecting the optimal space-time descriptor, clustering algorithm for constructing a codebook, and selecting codebook size faced by previous interest points based methods. Our model is able to capture smooth motions, robust to view changes and occlusions at a low computation cost. Experiments using the KTH and WEIZMANN datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms most existing methods.
Prediction of Average Cutting Size While Drilling Shales (1987)

ABSTRACT The consensus among drilling personnel is that shale shaker as a primary solids control tool should reject the shale cuttings at first pass. In our effort to contribute to the design of a new shaker system, a basic and fundamental need was recognized with regard to the magnitude of power needed to generate a given or average size of shale cutting. The logic was that the power expended at the rock face, excluding the effect of hydrational and in-situ stresses, could be correlated with the shale cutting (chip) average size as has been done in comminution theories. Following this logic, two detailed sets of field tests, one in Nigeria and one in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, were analyzed for two different hole sizes. The results showed a good correlation between power input-output and average cutting size for both 8 1/2 and 6 5/8 inch drill bits.
Application-Aware Local-Global Source Deduplication for Cloud Backup Services of Personal Storage (2013)

In personal computing devices that rely on a cloud storage environment for data backup, an imminent challenge facing source deduplication for cloud backup services is the low deduplication efficiency due to a combination of the resource-intensive nature of deduplication and the limited system resources. In this paper, we present ALG-Dedupe, an Application-aware Local-Global source deduplication scheme that improves data deduplication efficiency by exploiting application awareness, and further combines local and global duplicate detection to strike a good balance between cloud storage capacity saving and deduplication time reduction. We perform experiments via prototype implementation to demonstrate that our scheme can significantly improve deduplication efficiency over the state-of-the-art methods with low system overhead, resulting in shortened backup window, increased power efficiency and reduced cost for cloud backup services of personal storage.
EBV DNA: a Hodgkin lymphoma biomarker? (2013)

In this issue of Blood, Kanakry and colleagues report that increased pretreatment levels of plasma Epstein Barr virus DNA (EBV-DNA), as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), are associated with inferior outcomes among patients with previously untreated, advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma.
The <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> stringent response affects multiple aspects of symbiosis (2002)

Sinorhizobium meliloti and host legumes enter into a nitrogen-fixing, symbiotic relationship triggered by an exchange of signals between bacteria and plant. S. meliloti produces Nod factor, which elicits the formation of nodules on plant roots, and succinoglycan, an exopolysaccharide that allows for bacterial invasion and colonization of the host. The biosynthesis of these molecules is well defined, but the specific regulation of these compounds is not completely understood. Bacteria control complex regulatory networks by the production of ppGpp, the effector molecule of the stringent response, which induces physiological change in response to adverse growth conditions and can also control bacterial development and virulence. Through detailed analysis of an S. meliloti mutant incapable of producing ppGpp, we show that the stringent response is required for nodule formation and regulates the production of succinoglycan. Although it remains unknown whether these phenotypes are connected, we have isolated suppressor strains that restore both defects and potentially identify key downstream regulatory genes. These results indicate that the S. meliloti stringent response has roles in both succinoglycan production and nodule formation and, more importantly, that control of bacterial physiology in response to the plant and surrounding environment is critical to the establishment of a successful symbiosis.
Dynamic radar calibration using an airborne active calibration target (2015)

Modern trends in radar and electronic warfare applications require detail information on target scattering signatures, especially calibrated Radar Cross Section (RCS) information of targets in a realistic, dynamic environment. In this paper an active calibration target will be employed to calibrate a ground to air radar system, allowing dynamic RCS measurements.
Effect of amplitude and inspiratory time in a bench model of non‐invasive HFOV through nasal prongs (2012)

Changing oscillation amplitude and I(T) has a significant effect on ventilation. Varying these two parameters provides a theoretical T(v) within the ideal values for HFOV also using the smallest nasal prongs.
Viscoelastic Properties of Rabbit Vocal Folds after Augmentation (2003)

The data indicated that hylan b gel in short-term renders the most natural viscoelastic properties to the vocal fold among the substances tested. This is of importance to restore/preserve the vibratory capacity of the vocal folds when glottal insufficiency is treated with injections.
General central projection systems : modeling, calibration and visual servoing (2004)

Tese de doutoramento em Engenharia Electrotecnica (Instrumentacao e Controlo) apresentada a Fac. de Ciencias e Tecnologia de Coimbra
Novel strategies for the buccal delivery of macromolecules (2014)

For years now, the delivery of small molecules through the buccal mucosal route has been described in the literature, but it has only been over the past decade that investigations into macromolecule delivery via the buccal route have sharply increased. The administration of macromolecules such as proteins and peptides, antibodies, or nucleic acids by buccal administration would be greatly enhanced due to the avoidance of the gastrointestinal conditions, rapid uptake into systemic circulation, as well as the potential for controlled drug delivery. Since macromolecules are faced with a number of specific challenges related to permeation through the epithelium, several strategies have been employed historically to improve their buccal absorption and subsequent bioavailability. Several conventional strategies to improve macromolecule penetration include the use of chemical permeation enhancers, enzyme inhibitors and the use of mucoadhesive materials acting as carriers. More recent approaches include the incorporation of the macromolecule as part of nanostructured delivery systems to further enhance targeting and delivery. This review focuses on the different permeation enhancing strategies as well as formulation design that are tailored to meet the challenges of active macromolecule delivery using the buccal mucosal route of administration.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF MISOPROSTOL: A NEW SYNTHETIC PROSTAGLANDIN E<sub>1</sub> ANALOGUE (1990)

Prostaglandins are reported to play an important regulatory role in cell-mediated immunity. The immunosuppressive properties of a new synthetic oral prostaglandin E1 analogue, misoprostol, were studied in vivo in a rat heterotopic cardiac allograft model, and in vitro in mixed lymphocyte reaction. The results show that parenteral misoprostol, alone or in combination with low dose cyclosporin immunosuppressive therapy, significantly prolonged cardiac allograft survival compared with appropriate controls. Oral misoprostol alone in this model did not allow for measurable cardiac allograft prolongation. In vitro misoprostol demonstrated significant dose-response inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte culture assay. It is concluded that new prostaglandin E1 analogues with oral bioavailability may have important applications to clinical transplantation in man, and may be cyclosporin sparing.
Growth Conditions and Genesis of Spherical and Platy Kaolinite (1985)

Abstract Spherical and platy kaolinite crystals were prepared under several hydrothermal conditions. Spherical kaolinite was produced mainly at high solid/water ratio (1/4) and at low temperatures (150°-200°C). Platy kaolinite predominated in products from experiments with intermediate solid/water ratios (1/256-1/16) and at high temperatures. Boehmite predominated at low solid/water ratios (1/4096) at all experimental temperatures (180°-220°C). The results indicate that the growth of the spherical kaolinite was favored at high degrees of supersaturation, whereas the growth of the platy kaolinite was favored at relatively low degrees of supersaturation.
Synthesis of Terpene and Steroid Dimers and Trimers Having Cyclobutadienyl−Co and Aromatic Tethers (2007)

The reaction of natural product derived propargylic alcohols with CpCo(CO)2 produces three new types of natural product hybrids having two or three terpene or steroid fragments. The tether joining the natural product subunits is built during the reaction. Type 1 hybrids have two terpene or steroid moieties joined by a CpCo-cyclobutadiene tether, with the two units disposed in a 1,2-arrangement (9, 14, 22). Type 2 hybrids have a Co-cyclopentadienone tether (10). Type 3 has three units of terpene or steroid joined to a benzene ring (11, 12, 15). An unusual Co-mediated beta-carbon elimination pathway of propargylic alcohols leading to ketones (an unknown process in this chemistry) has been observed.
영어의 3분지 음보에 대하여 (2009)

This paper goes over several previous proposals concerning final and nonfinal dactylic ternary feet in American English. We first consider what Liberman and Prince (1977) specify as a “noncomplex” long retracting word classes, e.g., (abraca) dabra, ( Winnepe) saukee, ( Tatama) gouchi , etc. It is shown that the concept of `super foot` is illusory, so that no theory based on it can be correct. After reinterpreting those data that Davis (2003, 2005) claims bear on the footing of (nonfinal) ternary feet, we seek an optimal way to account for the three possible pronunciations of repetitive-repe[t(h)]i[t(h)]ive, repe[D]i[t(h)]ive, repe[D]i[D]ive-which were first given by McCarthy (1982).
Dräger DrugTest® (2005)

The Dräger DrugTest® System (Dräger Safety) is a competitive, lateral-flow immunoassay for the detection of drugs of abuse in oral fluid. It is a point-of-care system comprised of an oral-fluid sample collector, test cassette, and analyzer, which delivers results read by the instrument for the simultaneous detection of the full National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-5 panel of drugs in a single oral-fluid sample. Oral-fluid testing has significant advantages over techniques involving blood or urine, such as its noninvasive nature, reduced costs and turnaround time, and reduced risk of sample adulteration; it also allows for accurate drug testing for a full NIDA-5 panel virtually anywhere and a more dignified treatment of test subjectsy. Dräger DrugTest is a product platform based on Up-Converting Phosphor Technology (UPT™ Orasure Technologies) and is used by law-enforcement agencies primarily to test operators and passengers of motor vehicles (i.e., roadside drug testing). This report provides an overview of the design of the system, the technology used, and the field studies in which the system has been tested.
LightLedger: A Novel Blockchain-Based Domain Certificate Authentication and Validation Scheme (2021)

Nowadays, existing public key infrastructures (PKIs) certificate authentication suffers from many security failures. Trusted certificate authorities (CAs) can issue a valid certificate for any domain name. Although CA is supposed to be trusted by a client if the certificate issued to the client links to the chain of trust (e.g., root CA or subordinate CA). By compromising any of the latter (e.g., root CAs or subordinate CAs) an attacker can jeopardize the security of the entire system. Moreover, third-party CAs have to be trusted by domain owners. Currently, the trust is not balanced among the entities involved in the certificate authentication and issuance process (i.e., CAs and domain owners). To counter this problem approaches such as Domain authentication name entity (DANE) and Certificate Authority Authorization (CAA) offer additional securities for domain authentication. However, these approaches depend upon DNS/DNSSEC infrastructure which requires complex requirements for deployment as well as the adoption rate has been low. In this paper, we design, implement a robust and scalable domain authentication scheme based on blockchain technology with privacy-preserving features for low-constrained devices (e.g., mobile, browser, and IoT devices). The proposed system records a set of trusted CAs each associated with a specific domain in the blockchain. That is, each CA has to first verify if it is trusted to perform the actual issuance process. We compare our scheme with existing authentication methods and show that it requires less storage capacity and low bandwidth to authenticate certificates than other methods.