gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoding repetitive finger movements with brain activity acquired via non-invasive electroencephalography (2014)

We investigated how well repetitive finger tapping movements can be decoded from scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals. A linear decoder with memory was used to infer continuous index finger angular velocities from the low-pass filtered fluctuations of the amplitude of a plurality of EEG signals distributed across the scalp. To evaluate the accuracy of the decoder, the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) between the observed and predicted trajectories was calculated in a 10-fold cross-validation scheme. We also assessed attempts to decode finger kinematics from EEG data that was cleaned with independent component analysis (ICA), EEG data from peripheral sensors, and EEG data from rest periods. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to select combinations of EEG channels that maximized decoding accuracies. Our results (lower quartile r = 0.18, median r = 0.36, upper quartile r = 0.50) show that delta-band EEG signals contain useful information that can be used to infer finger kinematics. Further, the highest decoding accuracies were characterized by highly correlated delta band EEG activity mostly localized to the contralateral central areas of the scalp. Spectral analysis of EEG also showed bilateral alpha band (8-13 Hz) event related desynchronizations (ERDs) and contralateral beta band (20-30 Hz) event related synchronizations (ERSs) localized over central scalp areas. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of decoding finger kinematics from scalp EEG signals.
Aromatic copolyamides: Effect of phenylene content on optical, spectral, and solubility properties (1985)

Abstract A series of para ‐linked phenylene, bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenylene and stilbene copolyamides was synthesized in order to examine the effect of comonomer ratio on absorption spectra, solubility and birefringence. The data clearly showed that decreasing the stilbene content significantly lowered the birefringence and hypsochromically shifted the absorption band. A decrease in the biphenylene content broadened and bathochromically shifted the absorption band and lowered the birefringence and the solubility.
Analysis on the Dwarfing Genes in Zhepi 1 and Aizao 3： Two Dwarfing Gene Donors in Barley Breeding in China (2006)

植物高度的继承在二被学习使基因施主， Zhepi 1 和 Aizao 3 相形见绌，在大麦在中国繁殖。用直接十字和 para-back-cross 方法，突变而产生之遗传的测试在 Zhepi 1 和 Aizao 3 在相形见绌的基因之间被执行不仅，而且与 br， uzu，兽穴那么，或 sdwl 和最近在中国在大麦被识别了的六新奇相形见绌基因。结果证明植物高度在 Zhepi 1 和 Aizao 3 两个都被归因于后退的相形见绌基因的孟德尔式遗传。二栽培变种带的相形见绌的基因是从三一样，却不同知道并且六新奇相形见绌基因。根据现在的学习，仅仅二相形见绌基因在大麦自从 1950，在中国繁殖被使用了。
Evaluation of single-point measurements method for harmonic pollution cost allocation (2000)

This paper reports on the reliability of single-point measurements for harmonic pollution cost allocation. Simulated results give the correlation between the cost and four physical electrical quantities that can be measured at the end-user bus: harmonic active power; harmonic apparent power; total harmonic current squared; and nonfundamental apparent power squared. The nonfundamental apparent power squared produced the best correlation, with errors less than 5%.
A 175.2-mW 4-Stage OTA With Wide Load Range (400 pF–12 nF) Using Active Parallel Compensation (2020)

Multistage amplifiers are a reliable method of achieving high gain in systems where the voltage supply is low. The common practice is to prefer 3-stage amplifiers over 4-stage ones when a gain of <;120 dB is required, since the former are easier to compensate. In this article, we employ four stages to relax the constraints on each stage. An extension of the single Miller-capacitor compensation and active-parallel compensation to a 4-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) design in this work is capable of driving a capacitor range of 400 pF to 12 nF(30×) by consuming a total power of about 175 mW and occupying only 0.007 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .This design achieved a unity-gain frequency (UGF) 1.18 MGz and a phase margin (PM) of 48° for all drivable load values. The proposed design, implemented in a standard CMOS 130-nm process, can drive a wide range of load capacitors without sacrificing any aspect of performance.
Hot topics in speech communication: Listening to foreign-accented speech (2012)

There are currently more non-native English speakers in the world than there are native speakers. Most of these second language users will speak with a detectable foreign accent. Foreign-accented speech differs from native language norms along many acoustic-phonetic dimensions including the realization of vowel, consonant, and prosodic features. An important question for researchers in the field of speech communication is how this type of language variation influences speech perception and perceptual processing. Numerous findings have shown that foreign-accented speech is generally less intelligible, receives lower comprehensibility ratings, and is processed more slowly than native-accented speech. Further, these negative perceptual effects can be exacerbated by noisy listening conditions or listener variables such as age or hearing loss. However, research over the past several years has shown the amazing flexibility of the speech perception mechanism in its ability to adapt to this form of variability. Through experience and training, listeners can improve their word identification skills with specific foreign-accented talkers, particular foreign accents, and foreign-accented speech in general. New directions in this research area include perception of foreign-accented speech by infants and children as well as how a foreign accent may influence memory.
Development of a Human Airbag System for Fall Protection Using MEMS Motion Sensing Technology (2006)

This paper describes the development of a human airbag system which is designed to reduce the impact force from falls. A micro inertial measurement unit (muIMU), based on MEMS accelerometers and gyro sensors is developed as the motion sensing part of the system. A recognition algorithm is used for real-time fall determination. With the algorithm, a microcontroller integrated with the muIMU can discriminate falling-down motion from normal human motions and trigger an airbag system when a fall occurs. Our airbag system is designed to have fast response with moderate input pressure, i.e., the experimental response time is less than 0.3 second under 0.4 MPa. In addition, we present our progress on using support vector machine (SVM) training together with the muIMU to better distinguish falling and normal motions. Experimental results show that selected eigenvector sets generated from 200 experimental data sets can be accurately separated into falling and other motions
Understanding why GPs see pharmaceutical representatives: a qualitative interview study. (2003)

The study draws attention to the social and cultural contexts of GP-representative encounters and the way in which the acquisition of pharmacological information within the mercantile context of representative visits is legitimated. This highlights the need for doctors to critically appraise information supplied by representatives in relation to other information sources.
Dehydroleucodine, a Sesquiterpene Lactone from <i>Gynoxys verrucosa</i>, Demonstrates Cytotoxic Activity against Human Leukemia Cells (2016)

The sesquiterpene lactones dehydroleucodine (1) and leucodine (2) were isolated from Gynoxys verrucosa, a species used in traditional medicine in southern Ecuador. The activity of these compounds was determined against eight acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and compared with their activity against normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines, with LD50 values between 5.0 and 18.9 μM. Compound 2 was inactive against all of the tested cell lines, demonstrating that the exocyclic methylene in the lactone ring is required for cytotoxic activity. Importantly, compound 1 induced less toxicity to normal blood cells than to AML cell lines and was active against human AML cell samples from five patients, with an average LD50 of 9.4 μM. Mechanistic assays suggest that compound 1 has a similar mechanism of action to parthenolide (3). Although these compounds have significant structural differences, their lipophilic surface signatures show striking similarities.
Bone‐composition imaging using coherent‐scatter computed tomography: Assessing bone health beyond bone mineral density (2006)

Quantitative analysis of bone composition is necessary for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of metabolic bone diseases. Accurate assessment of the bone mineralization state is the first requirement for a comprehensive analysis. In diagnostic imaging, x-ray coherent scatter depends upon the molecular structure of tissues. Coherent-scatter computed tomography (CSCT) exploits this feature to identify tissue types in composite biological specimens. We have used CSCT to map the distributions of tissues relevant to bone disease (fat, soft tissue, collagen, and mineral) within bone-tissue phantoms and an excised cadaveric bone sample. Using a purpose-built scanner, we have measured hydroxyapatite (bone mineral) concentrations based on coherent-scatter patterns from a series of samples with varying hydroxyapatite content. The measured scatter intensity is proportional to mineral density in true g/cm3. Repeated measurements of the hydroxyapatite concentration in each sample were within, at most, 2% of each other, revealing an excellent precision in determining hydroxyapatite concentration. All measurements were also found to be accurate to within 3% of the known values. Phantoms simulating normal, over-, and under-mineralized bone were created by mixing known masses of pure collagen and hydroxyapatite. An analysis of the composite scatter patterns gave the density of each material. For each composite, the densities were within 2% of the known values. Collagen and hydroxyapatite concentrations were also examined in a bone-mimicking phantom, incorporating other bone constituents (fat, soft tissue). Tomographic maps of the coherent-scatter properties of each specimen were reconstructed, from which material-specific images were generated. Each tissue was clearly distinguished and the collagen-mineral ratio determined from this phantom was also within 2% of the known value. Existing bone analysis techniques cannot determine the collagen-mineral ratio in intact specimens. Finally, to demonstrate the in situ potential of this technique, the mineralization state of an excised normal cadaveric radius was examined. The average collagen-mineral ratio of the cortical bone derived from material-specific images of the radius was 0.53+/-0.04, which is in agreement with the expected value of 0.55 for healthy bones.
Big Data, Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning (2018)

Nowadays, data is being generated by so many devices, therefore the term big data. This paper attempts to offer a broader definition of big data that captures its defining characteristics. This paper also reinforces the need to devise new tools for predictive analytics using machine learning which is a subset of artificial intelligence in the field of computer science that often uses statistical techniques to give computers the ability to "learn" (i.e., progressively improve performance on a specific task) with data, without being explicitly programmed. With the abundance of data, comes the prediction models along with the machine learning that has been trained, the executives will become better at their decision-making process.
Cerebrospinal fluid markers for differential dementia diagnosis in a large memory clinic cohort (2011)

CSF Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau are useful in differential dementia diagnosis. However, in DLB, FTLD, VaD, and CBD, a substantial group exhibit a CSF AD biomarker profile, which requires more autopsy confirmation in the future.
Functional evaluation of p53 and PTEN gene mutations in gliomas. (2000)

We screened mutations of two major tumor suppressor genes, p53 and PTEN, in 66 human brain tumors using a yeast-based functional assay and cDNA-based direct sequencing, respectively. The frequency of p53 mutations was 28.8% (19 of 66) and was higher in anaplastic astrocytoma (9 of 14, 64.3%,) than in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; 7 of 27, 25.9%,), supporting previous speculation that there are at least two genetic pathways leading to GBM, a de novo pathway without p53 mutation and a "progressive" pathway with p53 mutation. PTEN mutation was observed in 8 of 64 tumors (12.5%), mainly GBMs (7 of 26, 26.9%), both with and without p53 mutation. These results suggest that mutation of the PTEN gene is a later event than that of the p53 gene in glioma progression and is associated with both the genetic pathways. All of the detected PTEN missense mutations and an in-frame small deletion inactivated PTEN phosphoinositide phosphatase activity in vitro. Because the tumors containing PTEN mutations also showed loss of heterozygosity in the chromosome 10q23 region flanking the PTEN gene, our data clearly indicate that inactivation of both PTEN alleles occurs in a subset of high-grade gliomas, therefore confirming the previous idea that PTEN acts as a tumor suppressor gene.
Plasma-Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition of High-Density Ni Nanoparticles for Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin Film Transistor Memory (2017)

For the first time, the growth of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) was explored by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique using NiCp<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> precursors. Influences of substrate temperature and deposition cycles on ALD Ni NPs were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By optimizing the process parameters, high-density and uniform Ni NPs were achieved in the case of 280 °C substrate temperature and 50 deposition cycles, exhibiting a density of ~1.5 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> and a small size of 3~4 nm. Further, the above Ni NPs were used as charge storage medium of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) memory, demonstrating a high storage capacity for electrons. In particular, the nonvolatile memory exhibited an excellent programming characteristic, e.g., a large threshold voltage shift of 8.03 V was obtained after being programmed at 17 V for 5 ms.
Measuring Flexibility, Descriptive Complexity, and Rework Potential in Generic System Architectures (2016)

ABSTRACT A system's architecture defines its flexibility—the ease with which changes to the system's structure may be made. Systems may possess an internal structure that is relatively complex to describe—especially after many changes. In addition, some changes may require several iterations before stakeholders converge on a final design choice. There is currently no unified mathematical theory that captures these factors. We developed metrics for flexibility, descriptive complexity, and rework potential defined on graph‐based representations of a system's structure. We applied these metrics to four idealized generic system architectures: Tree‐structured hierarchies are easy to describe and require minimal design iteration. However, they permit relatively few changes, unless the underlying architecture itself is changed. Furthermore, each such change adds significant complexity. Grid networks are more flexible than trees, but also more descriptively complex. Grids also require some degree of design iteration between stakeholders. Teams are extremely flexible but the requirement for consensus (e.g., due to cognitive limits among humans) restricts their size. Layered hierarchies possess moderate flexibility and require fewer iterations than corresponding grids and teams, although they can be difficult to describe succinctly. Our findings suggest that no architecture is ideal under all circumstances; rather, each has strengths and weaknesses that can be exploited in different environments.
Isolation and characterization of T-even ghost-tolerant mutants of Escherichia coli (1976)

Mutants of Escherichia coli tolerant to the ghosts of T-even phages (T2, T4, and T6) have been isolated from a strain supersensitive to T6 phage. First, T6 supersensitive mutants were isolated from mutagenized E. coli W2252 by replica plating to T6 phage-overlaid agar. One of them, strain NM101, was mutagenized again, grown, and then plated with a high multiplicity of T4 and T6 ghosts. Surviving cells were checked for tolerance to ghosts and adsorption of phages. One such ghost-tolerant mutant, strain GT29, was tolerant to ghosts of both T4 and T6 phages and sensitive to T2 ghosts. This mutant was also sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and penicillin G and intermediately sensitive to acriflavine, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, actinomycin D, and lysozyme. Another mutant, strain GT62, was tolerant not only to T4 and T6 ghosts but also to T2 ghosts. It was sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, penicillin G, acridine orange, actinomycin D, phenethyl alcohol, and novobiocin and intermediately sensitive to acriflavine and lysozyme. Spontaneous revertants of strain GT62 were isolated with a frequency of 2.7 X 10(-9). It is suggested that ghosts attack host bacteria indirectly through the cell surface by a mechanism similar to the transmission hypothesis that was originally adopted by Nomura (1967) to explain the mechanism of the action of colicins, and that our ghost-tolerant mutants presumably have defects in the cell surface.
Dynamic Covalent Macrocyclic Poly(phthalaldehyde)s: Scrambling Cyclic Homopolymer Mixtures Produces Multi-Block and Random Cyclic Copolymers (2013)

We recently reported the cationic polymerization of o-phthalaldehyde to macrocyclic poly(phthalaldehyde) polymers. Resubjecting the cyclic polymers to the polymerization conditions led to a redistribution of the polymer to a new cyclic structure consistent with thermodynamic equilibrium. We now report the synthesis of cyclic poly(phthalaldehyde) derivatives and demonstrate the scrambling of distinct homopolymer mixtures to copolymers under the cationic polymerization conditions. Homopolymer mixtures are found to rapidly redistribute, first to multiblock cyclic copolymers. With extended reaction time, random macrocyclic copolymers are obtained. Evolution of the microstructure was monitored by NMR spectroscopy, MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The reported scrambling method leads to the rapid preparation of macrocyclic copolymers of high molecular weight with variable microstructure depending on reaction times and catalyst loadings.
Single-layer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices based on dye-dispersed poly(<i>N</i>-vinylcarbazole) (1995)

Bright single-layer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices were developed by using dye-dispersed poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). The active layer consists only of one polymer layer that is simply sandwiched between two electrodes, indium-tin oxide, and Mg:Ag. In order to achieve bipolarity in the single polymer emitter layer, PVK was molecularly dispersed with electron-transporting additives such as 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. In addition, several fluorescent dyes, having different emission colors, were dispersed as emitting centers. By adjusting the concentration of the fluorescent dyes, white light with a maximum luminescence of 4100 cd/m2 was obtained, which is the brightest white light ever observed for organic electroluminescent devices.
Immunomodulatory properties of vitamins, flavonoids and plant oils and their potential as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems (2011)

This relatively unexplored field of the potential of nutritive components as vaccine adjuvants holds great promise to promote the development of effective and above all safe vaccines. Hence the future focus should be placed on enhancing their efficacy, mainly through novel approaches in designing structural derivatives, formulations, delivery systems and routes of administration. As safety has been the major issue in development of novel vaccines, this new approach will probably result in new discoveries in designing safe and effective vaccines.
Polydopamine-assisted surface modification for orthopaedic implants (2019)

Surface treatments of orthopaedic implants, which are normally inert materials, are essential for their performance in vivo. This review summarizes recent advances in the surface modification of orthopaedic implants using facile and highly versatile techniques based on the use of polydopamine (PDA) and its derivatives.
Stochastic Approximation: A Dynamical Systems Viewpoint (2022)

This second edition presents a comprehensive view of the ODE-based approach for the analysis of stochastic approximation algorithms.
Mapping Distributional Semantics to Property Norms with Deep Neural Networks (2019)

Word embeddings have been very successful in many natural language processing tasks, but they characterize the meaning of a word/concept by uninterpretable “context signatures”. Such a representation can render results obtained using embeddings difficult to interpret. Neighboring word vectors may have similar meanings, but in what way are they similar? That similarity may represent a synonymy, metonymy, or even antonymy relation. In the cognitive psychology literature, in contrast, concepts are frequently represented by their relations with properties. These properties are produced by test subjects when asked to describe important features of concepts. As such, they form a natural, intuitive feature space. In this work, we present a neural-network-based method for mapping a distributional semantic space onto a human-built property space automatically. We evaluate our method on word embeddings learned with different types of contexts, and report state-of-the-art performances on the widely used McRae semantic feature production norms.
Wetting on nanorough surfaces (2003)

We investigate the wetting properties of random nanostructured surfaces, with particular attention devoted to the phenomenon of contact angle hysteresis. For this purpose, solid substrates were initially tailored at a nanometric scale by using swift heavy ion irradiation which produced a random distribution of defects. We characterize the wetting properties of water on these heterogeneous surfaces by an average spreading parameter and by the contact angle hysteresis. For weak values of the areal density of defects phi(d), the hysteresis grows linearly with phi(d), indicating that the defects pin the contact line individually. However, at higher values of phi(d), collective pinning effects appear and the hysteresis decreases with increasing phi(d). We show that in the linear regime our experimental results are in good quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions for contact angle hysteresis induced by a single isolated defect on a solid surface.