gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Nitrate Formation from the Thermal Decay of Alkali Metal Dinitramides (1999)

The thermal decomposition products of five alkali metal dinitra-mides were examined by mass spectral and X-ray diffraction analysis. All five salt residues (Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) showed no evidence of the parent dinitramide by mass spectrometry and showed only metal nitrate adducts to be present. X-ray diffraction patterns of the decay residues matched JCPDS reference patterns and confirmed that the dinitramide salts thermally decomposed to their respective alkali metal nitrate. Beweis für die Nitratbildung beim thermischen Zerfall von Alkalimetall-Dinitramiden Die thermischen Zersetzungsprodukte von 5 Alkalimetall-Dinitramiden wurden untersucht mittels Massenspektrometrie und Röntgenbeugung. Alle 5 Salzrückstände (Li, Na, K, Rb und Cs) gaben bei der Massenspektrometrie keinen Hinweis auf vorhandenes Dinitramid und zeigten, daü nur Metallnitrat-Addukte vorhanden waren. Die Röntgenbeugungsmuster der Zerfallsrückstände wurden verglichen mit den JCPDS (Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standards)-Referenzmustern und bestätigten, daü die Dinitramidsalze thermisch zersetzt wurden in ihre entsprechenden Alkalimetallnitrate. Preuve de la formation de nitrate lors de la décomposition thermique d'alcalimétal-dinitramides Les produits de décomposition de 5 alcali-métal-dinitramides ont été étudiés à l'aide de la spectrométrie de masse et de la diffraction aux rayons X. Les 5 résidues de sel (Li, Na, K, Rb et Cs) n'ont révélé aucune présence de dinitramide lors de la spectrométrie et ont montré qu'il n'y avait que des additifs métal-nitrate. Les échantillons de diffraction aux rayons X des résidus de décomposition ont été comparés aux échantillons de référence JCPDS (Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction) et ont confirmé que les sels dinitramide avaient été décomposés thermiquement pour donner les alcali-métal-nitrates correspondants.
Mozzarella Cheese: Impact of Milling pH on Chemical Composition and Proteolysis (1993)

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of milling pH on initial chemical composition and proteolytic changes in Mozzarella cheese during refrigerated storage.A new pilotscale Mozzarella cheese-making method without brine salting was developed to produce cheese with homogeneous chemical composition within and among vats.Three milling pH (5.10, 5.25, and 5.40) were used to make three vats of cheese in I d.Cheese making was replicated on 3 d, on which the order of cheese making for each pH was selected so that effects of day and order of cheese making were blocks in a 3 x 3 Latin square design.Milling pH affected cheese pH and titratable acidity.However, the initial chemical composition (i.e., moisture, fat, and protein) and amounts of nitrogen soluble in 12% TCA and in pH 4.6 acetate buffer were unaffected by differences in milling pH.During 50 d of refrigerated storage, differences in cheese pH among treatments were unchanged, the amount of nitrogen soluble in TCA and in acetate buffer increased, the amount of residual intact C(s•casein decreased, and the amount of intact {3casein remained constant.Proteolysis during refrigerated storage was un-
Phase II study of CPT-11, a new camptothecin derivative, in metastatic colorectal cancer. CPT-11 Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group. (1993)

CPT-11 showed promising antitumor activity against metastatic colorectal cancer that was resistant to prior therapy. Further clinical trials of combination chemotherapy using CPT-11 are justified.
Ultra-supercritical coal power plants (2013)

The continued use of coal as a means of generating electricity and an increasing demand for cleaner, more efficient energy production has led to advances in power plant technology. Ultra-supercritical coal power plants reviews the engineering, operation, materials and performance of ultra-supercritical coal power plants. Following a chapter introducing advanced and ultra-supercritical coal power plants, part one goes on to explore the operating environments, materials and engineering of ultra-supercritical coal power plants. Chapters discuss the impacts of steam conditions on plant materials and operation, fuel considerations and burner design, and materials and design for boilers working under supercritical steam conditions. Chapters in part two focus on improving ultra-supercritical coal power plant performance and operability. Ash fouling, deposition and slagging in ultra-supercritical coal power plants are highlighted along with pollution control measures and the estimation, management and extension of the life of ultra-supercritical power plants. Further chapters provide an economic and engineering analysis of a 700â°C advanced ultra-supercritical pulverised coal power plant and discuss CO2 capture-ready ultra-supercritical coal power plants. Ultra-supercritical coal power plants is a comprehensive technical reference for power plant operators and engineers, high-temperature materials scientists, professionals in the power industry who require an understanding of ultra-supercritical coal power plants and researchers and academics interested in the field.
The Effect of Carbohydrate Gels on Gastrointestinal Tolerance during a 16-km Run (2009)

Two studies were conducted to investigate gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of high carbohydrate (CHO) intakes during intense running. The first study investigated tolerance of a CHO gel delivering glucose plus fructose (GLU+FRC) at different rates. The second study investigated tolerance of high intakes of glucose (GLU) vs. GLU+FRC gel. Both studies used a randomized, 2-treatment, 2-period crossover design: Endurance-trained men and women (Study 1: 26 men, 8 women; 37 +/- 11 yr; 73 +/- 9 kg; 1.76 +/- 0.07 m. Study 2: 34 men, 14 women; 35 +/- 10 yr; 70 +/- 9 kg; 1.75 +/- 0.09 m) completed two 16-km outdoor-runs. In Study 1 gels were administered to provide 1.0 or 1.4 g CHO/min with ad libitum water intake every 3.2 km. In Study 2 GLU or GLU+FRC gels were given in a double-blind manner to provide 1.4 g CHO/min. In both studies a postexercise questionnaire assessed 17 symptoms on a 10-point scale (from 0 to 9). For all treatments, GI complaints were mainly scored at the low end of the scale. In Study 1 mean scores ranged from 0.00 +/- 0.00 to 1.12 +/- 1.90, and in Study 2, from 0.00 +/- 0.0 to 1.27 +/- 1.78. GI symptoms were grouped into upper abdominal, lower abdominal, and systemic problems. There were no significant treatment differences in these categories in either study. In conclusion, despite high CHO gel intake, and regardless of the blend (GLU vs. GLU+FRC), average scores for GI symptoms were at the low end of the scale, indicating predominantly good tolerance during a 16-km run. Nevertheless, some runners (~10-20%) experienced serious problems, and individualized feeding strategies might be required.
Neuroinflammation and white matter pathology in schizophrenia: systematic review (2014)

Neuroinflammation is associated with white matter pathology in people with schizophrenia, and may contribute to structural and functional disconnectivity, even at the first episode of psychosis.
Fundamentals of drug design from a biophysical viewpoint (1994)

Drug design means many things to many people. Commercially the aim is the development of compounds that can be patented and meet a variety of regulatory standards. In drug design, for medical purposes, toxicity and bio-availability are major considerations.
Upheaval in Europe (2016)

Department of Emergency Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Correspondence to Colin A. Graham, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong E-mail: [email protected]
Methanol and Dimethyl Ether as Fuels and Energy Carriers (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background and Properties Chemical Uses of Methanol Methanol as a Transportation Fuel Dimethyl Ether as a Transportation Fuel DME Fuel for Electricity Generation and as a Household Gas Biodiesel Fuel Advanced Methanol-Powered Vehicles Hydrogen for Fuel Cells Based on Methanol Reforming Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Fuel Cells Based on Other Methanol Derived Fuels and Biofuel Cells Regenerative Fuel Cell Methanol and DME as Marine Fuels Methanol and DME for Static Power and Heat Generation Methanol and DME Storage and Distribution Price of Methanol and DME Safety of Methanol and DME Emissions from Methanol- and DME-Powered Vehicles Environmental Effects of Methanol and DME Beneficial Effect of Chemical CO2 Recycling to Methanol on Climate Change
The Increase in Radioresistance of Chinese Hamster Cells Cultured as Spheroids Is Correlated to Changes in Nuclear Morphology (1990)

Chinese hamster V79 cells grown as spheroids in roller culture are more radioresistant than those grown as monolayers. The supercoiled structure of chromatin, as salt-extracted nucleoids, has been examined using flow cytometry. Irradiated viable cells from spheroid culture contain restraints to supercoil relaxation that are absent in monolayer cells. Further analysis of the chromatin organization from each growth form shows that the radioresistant spheroid cells contain a DNA-protein matrix that is more resistant to detergent-induced degradation. The increase in structural integrity may be due to the retention of a 55-60 kDa protein that is apparent in the nucleoids of spheroid, but not monolayer cells. The increase in structural integrity of the spheroid cells may explain their greater radioresistance by providing a more stable platform for high-fidelity DNA damage repair.
Cross-Regulatory Interactions Between the Proneural <i>achaete</i> and <i>scute</i> Genes of <i>Drosophila</i> (1991)

The achaete (ac) and scute (sc) genes of Drosophila allow cells to become sensory organ mother cells. Although ac and sc have similar patterns of expression, deletion of either gene removes specific subsets of sensory organs. This specificity was shown to reside in the peculiar regulation of ac and sc expression. These genes are first activated in complementary spatial domains in response to different cis-regulatory sequences. Each gene product then stimulates expression of the other gene, thus generating similar patterns of expression. Therefore, removal of one gene leads to the absence of both proneural gene products and sensory organs in the sites specified by its cis-regulatory sequences.
Optical implementation of Clos network using reversible nonlinear interface devices (2002)

The authors deal with optical implementation of crossbar switches and a Clos network, using reversible nonlinear interface (RNI) devices. The proposed building block for these implementations is a two-by-two optical switch box capable of performing four basic switching actions. The routing algorithms for the Clos network are discussed. Some applications for these networks are suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A ±36-A Integrated Current-Sensing System With a 0.3% Gain Error and a 400- $\mu \text{A}$ Offset From −55 °C to +85 °C (2017)

This paper presents an integrated shunt-based current-sensing system (CSS) capable of handling ±36-A currents, the highest ever reported. It also achieves a 0.3% gain error and a 400-μA offset, which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art systems. The heart of the system is a robust 260-μΩ shunt resistor made from the lead frame of a standard HVQFN plastic package. The resulting voltage drop is then digitized by a precision ΔΣ ADC and a bandgap reference (BGR). At the expense of current handling capability, a ±5-A version of the CSS uses a 10-mQ on-chip metal shunt to achieve just a 4-μA offset. Both designs are realized in a standard 0.13-μm CMOS process and draw 13 μA from a 1.5-V supply. Compensation of the spread and nonlinear temperature dependency of the shunt resistor Rshunt is accomplished by the use of a fixed polynomial master curve and a single room temperature calibration. This procedure also effectively compensates for the residual spread and nonlinearity of the ADC and the BGR.
Crystal Structure of Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C from <i>Bacillus cereus</i> in Complex with Glucosaminyl(α1→6)-<scp>d</scp>-<i>myo</i>-inositol, an Essential Fragment of GPI Anchors<sup>,</sup> (1996)

Numerous proteins on the external surface of the plasma membrane are anchored by glycosylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (GPI), rather than by hydrophobic amino acids embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. These GPI anchors are cleaved by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) to release a water-soluble protein with an exposed glycosylinositol moiety and diacylglycerol, which remains in the membrane. We have previously determined the crystal structure of Bacillus cereus PI-PLC, the enzyme which is widely used to release GPI-anchored proteins from membranes, as free enzyme and also in complex with myo-inositol [Heinz, D.W., Ryan, M. Bullock, T.L., & Griffith, O. H. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 3855-3863]. Here we report the refined 2.2 A crystal structure of this enzyme complexed with a segment of the core of all GPI anchors, glucosaminyl(alpha 1-->6)-D-myo-inositol [GlcN-(alpha 1-->6)Ins ]. The myo-inositol moiety of GlcN(alpha 1-->6)Ins is well-defined and occupies essentially the same position in the active site as does free myo-inositol, which provides convincing evidence that the enzyme utilizes the same catalytic mechanism for cleavage of PI and GPI anchors. The myo-inositol moiety makes several specific hydrogen bonding interactions with active site residues. In contrast, the glucosamine moiety lies exposed to solvent at the entrance of the active site with minimal specific protein contacts. The glucosamine moiety is also less well-defined, suggesting enhanced conformational flexibility. On the basis of the positioning of GlcN(alpha 1-->6)Ins in the active site, it is predicted that the remainder of the GPI-glycan makes little or no specific interactions with B. cereus PI-PLC. This explains why B. cereus PI-PLC can cleave GPI anchors having variable glycan structures.
A Novel Miniature Matrix Array Transducer System for Loudspeakers (2006)

A breakthrough in novel loudspeaker design has been achieved using miniature actuators in a matrix configuration. Present flat-panel loudspeakers exploit resonant modes, whereas conventional cone-type loudspeakers use pistonic motion to reproduce sound. A new actuator has been designed so that it introduces pistonic motion in flat-panel loudspeakers. Instead of one or two exciters, the proposed panel speaker has numerous miniature transducers vibrating coherently to produce sound. In this device, the whole body vibration of the panel reduces the poor bass and impulse response associated with present flat-panel speakers. Frequency responses show that this novel transducer is suitable for loudspeaker application because of its linear and consistent output over the whole audible frequency range and for various excitation currents. Measurements on three different device configurations prove a moving magnet transducer to be the most suitable for loudspeaker application. Finite element modeling has been used to examine single transducer operation and the magnetic interaction between neighboring transducers in a matrix array format. Experimental results show the correct positioning of the transducers in a matrix configuration, as observed by the simulation, reduces the effects of interferences on the magnetic transducers. Also, results show that larger matrix array transducer speakers exhibit better low-frequency responses
5G Communication: An Overview of Vehicle-to-Everything, Drones, and Healthcare Use-Cases (2019)

Advances in technology are not only changing the world around us but also driving the wireless industry to develop the next generation of network technology. There is a lot of buzz building over the advent of 5G that will facilitate the entire planet through continuous and ubiquitous communication connecting anybody to anything, anywhere, anytime, and anyhow regardless of the device, service, network, or geographical existence. 5G will also prove to be a paradigm shift including high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, having a large number of antennas, and with an extreme base station and device densities. In this paper, we investigate the potential beneficiaries of 5G and identify the use-cases, where 5G can make an impact. In particular, we consider three main use-cases: vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, drones, and healthcare. We explore and highlight the problems and deficiencies of current cellular technologies with respect to these use-cases and identify how 5G will overcome those deficiencies. We also identified the open research problems and provide possible future directions to cope with those issues.
Artificial Cochlear Sensory Epithelium with Functions of Outer Hair Cells Mimicked Using Feedback Electrical Stimuli (2018)

We report a novel vibration control technique of an artificial auditory cochlear epithelium that mimics the function of outer hair cells in the organ of Corti. The proposed piezoelectric and trapezoidal membrane not only has the acoustic/electric conversion and frequency selectivity of the previous device developed mainly by one of the authors and colleagues, but also has a function to control local vibration according to sound stimuli. Vibration control is achieved by applying local electrical stimuli to patterned electrodes on an epithelium made using micro-electro-mechanical system technology. By choosing appropriate phase differences between sound and electrical stimuli, it is shown that it is possible to both amplify and dampen membrane vibration, realizing better control of the response of the artificial cochlea. To be more specific, amplification and damping are achieved when the phase difference between the membrane vibration by sound stimuli and electrical stimuli is zero and π , respectively. We also demonstrate that the developed control system responds automatically to a change in sound frequency. The proposed technique can be applied to mimic the nonlinear response of the outer hair cells in a cochlea, and to realize a high-quality human auditory system.
Total synthesis of streptazolin - an application of the aza-analogue of the ferrier rearrangement (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of streptazolin - an application of the aza-analogue of the ferrier rearrangementAlan P. Kozikowski and Pyeong Uk ParkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6, 1763–1765Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00292a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00292a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views502Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Basal exon skipping and genetic pleiotropy: A predictive model of disease pathogenesis (2015)

Genetic pleiotropy, the phenomenon by which mutations in the same gene result in markedly different disease phenotypes, has proven difficult to explain with traditional models of disease pathogenesis. We have developed a model of pleiotropic disease that explains, through the process of basal exon skipping, how different mutations in the same gene can differentially affect protein production, with the total amount of protein produced correlating with disease severity. Mutations in the centrosomal protein of 290 kDa (CEP290) gene are associated with a spectrum of phenotypically distinct human diseases (the ciliopathies). Molecular biologic examination of CEP290 transcript and protein expression in cells from patients carrying CEP290 mutations, measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, correlated with disease severity and corroborated our model. We show that basal exon skipping may be the mechanism underlying the disease pleiotropy caused by CEP290 mutations. Applying our model to a different disease gene, CC2D2A (coiled-coil and C2 domains-containing protein 2A), we found that the same correlations held true. Our model explains the phenotypic diversity of two different inherited ciliopathies and may establish a new model for the pathogenesis of other pleiotropic human diseases.
[A retrospective statistical analysis of the epidemiology of the congenital lumbar stenosis among the Jewish and Arab populations in Israel]. (2004)

Congenital spinal lumbar stenosis is defined according to the midsagittal diameter of the lumbar spine. We conducted a retrospective statistical analysis of the results of 998 computer tomography studies of the lumbar spine as they were interpreted by the same author (E.N.). We showed particular interest in the measurement of midsagittal diameters aiming to reach conclusions regarding the difference in the frequency of congenital lumbar stenosis among the various ethnic groups in Israel. The population examined included 517 patients of Arab origin (51.8%) and 481 patients of Jewish origin (48.2%), the combined average age of both examined populations was 44.8 years (range 5.0-83 years), and the distribution according to gender combined for both populations was 55.7% male and 44.3% female. We found a statistically significant higher prevalence of midsagittal (congenital) stenosis at L3 and L5 among the Arab population but that was not confirmed for the other lumbar vertebrae.
Enhancement of Solute Removal in a Hollow-Fiber Hemodialyzer by Mechanical Vibration (2011)

Better solute clearance, particularly of middle-molecular-weight solutes, has been associated with improved patient outcomes. However, blood-membrane interaction during dialysis results in the development of secondary mass transfer resistances on the dialyzer membrane surface. We discuss the potential effects of mechanical vibration on the diffusion, convection and adsorption of uremic solutes during dialysis. For sinusoidal and triangular vibratory motions, we conceptualized the hemodynamic changes inside the membrane and consequent effects on membrane morphology. Longitudinal vibration generates reverse flow by relative membrane motion, and transverse vibration generates a symmetric swirling flow inside the hollow fiber, which enhances wall shear stress and flow mixing. Moreover, the impulse induced by triangle wave vibration could provide higher absorption capacity to middle-molecular-weight solutes. Mechanical vibration could enhance solute removal by minimizing membrane morphology changes resulting from blood-membrane interaction during hemodialysis. These effects of mechanical vibration can be helpful in extracorporeal blood purification therapies including continuous, portable and wearable systems.