gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) in Human Skin<sup>1</sup> (1998)

We have confirmed the expression of CRH and CRH receptor type 1 genes in human skin, cultured HaCaT keratinocytes, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma cells. The size of CRH messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), estimated by Northern blot hybridization, was 1.5 kilobases. CRH peptide was identified by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography separation in both whole skin and cultured cells. Forskolin and dexamethasone at concentrations of 10 micromol/L stimulated and inhibited, respectively, CRH peptide production in squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma cells, but had no significant effect on the CRH mRNA level. In melanoma cells, stimulation of melanogenesis down-regulated CRH receptor type 1 mRNA expression, but was without effect on CRH mRNA production. We suggest that in human skin the CRH signaling system is both operative and under regulatory control.
Lockdown-2020 and Livelihood of Migrant Women Workers in Jharkhand (2021)

The entire globe faces a very precarious situation during pandemic Covid-19. During national lockdown in India, it was hazardous for the migrant labourers and more unsafe for women migrant workers. They came across many livelihood challenges like: employment, nutrition, government support, societal security, health facility, etc. which were repeatedly underlined in numerous mass medianews. Therefore, to know the actual problems encountered by the women migrant returnees, this particular study was undertaken in Jharkhand state where most of women workers go on migration for earning. For the purpose, 41 women migrant returnees were randomly selected as respondents from 18 villages covering five blocks of the state. By the use of a survey schedule, data was collected in the arena of socio-economic outline, place of migration, reason of migration, sector of engagement, income, difficulties confronted and support need from government for livelihood enhancement which are pronounced in this study.
Preservation and variation of ion-to-electron temperature ratio in the plasma sheet in geo-magnetotail (2021)

The ion-to-electron temperature ratio is a good indicator of the processes involved in solar wind plasma entering and being transported inside Earth’s plasma sheet. In this study, we have demonstrated that patchy magnetic reconnection has the potential to preserve the ion-to-electron temperature ratio under certain conditions. If the charged particles are non-adiabatically accelerated no more than once in a single reconnection, the temperature ratio would be preserved; on the other hand, this ratio would not be preserved if they are accelerated multiple times. Consequently, under a northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) condition, the reconnection in the nonlinear phase of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is the dominant process for solar-originated plasma entering the Earth’s magnetosphere, and the ion-to-electron temperature ratio is preserved inside the plasma sheet. When the direction of the IMF is southward, the reflection of electrons from the magnetic mirror point, and subsequent multiple non-adiabatic accelerations at the reconnection site, are the primary reasons for the observed low ion-to-electron temperature ratio close to the Earth at midnight. While reconnections that occur in the night-side far tail might preserve the ratio, turbulence on the boundaries of the bursty bulk flows (BBFs) could change the ratio in the far tail through the violation of the <i>frozen-in</i> condition of the ions. The plateau in the contour of the calculated ion-to-electron temperature ratio in the down tail distance between 40 and 60 Earth radii may explain the strong correlation between the ion and electron temperatures in the outer central plasma sheet, which has not been clearly understood till date.
First clinical study of breast implants launched (1992)

ON THE FIRST of this month, after three decades of widespread use, the first Stage 2 research protocol designed to ask basic questions about the safety of silicone gel-filled breast implants got under way. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved protocol, submitted by Mentor Corporation, Santa Barbara, Calif, is open to any woman who has a "medical need" for breast reconstruction and for whom saline-filled implants are considered medically unsatisfactory. This includes the following: Women who need reconstruction after mastectomy or other cancer treatments, or after therapeutic or prophylactic mastectomy for other medical reasons. This category includes cancer patients whose breasts were previously reconstructed with saline implants or autologous tissue techniques with unsatisfactory results. Women who need reconstruction because of severe breast or chest deformity unrelated to breast cancer or previous mastectomy. The deformity can result from congenital or developmental problems, trauma, or medical or surgical complication
Quantitative Three-Dimensional Imaging of Lipid, Protein, and Water Contents via X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography (2016)

X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography is an emerging imaging technology with powerful capabilities for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of weakly absorbing objects such as biological soft tissues. This technique is an extension of existing X-ray applications because conventional attenuation-contrast images are simultaneously acquired. The complementary information provided by both the contrast modalities suggests that enhanced material characterization is possible when performing combined data analysis. In this study, we describe how protein, lipid, and water concentrations in each 3D voxel can be quantified by vector decomposition. Experimental results of dairy products, porcine fat and rind, and different human soft tissue types are presented. The results demonstrate the potential of phase-contrast imaging as a new analysis tool. The 3D representations of protein, lipid, and water contents open up new opportunities in the fields of biology, medicine, and food science.
Contributions toward real-time services on packet switched networks (1993)

Packet switched communications services with real-time delay constraints, such as voice and video, combine the established fields of digital signal processing and data communications networking. Each field is outlined, and new open problems due to the combination are identified. A simulation study investigates layered coding using a packet voice Markov chain source model. Information is partitioned into two or more priority layers to protect important components from loss. A parameter, $\alpha$, identifies the proportion of traffic placed in each priority. Packet loss rates for each priority and $\alpha$ are used to compute the signal to noise ratio, which is a more appropriate performance measure for voice and video services than loss rates alone. Dynamic feedback control of the priority partition based on network load conditions is shown to be effective, even with substantial feedback delay. Feedback, in conjunction with priority, provides graceful service degradation with increasing load and loss rate. A queueing analysis of this system is also investigated using a two-dimensional Markov chain source model that represents both load and $\alpha$, which vary dynamically. The simulation and analytic models are compared. Two methods for reducing the numerical complexity are given. A two-hour long empirical sample of variable rate video is derived by applying a simple intraframe video compression code to an action movie. Statistical characteristics are measured, including an accurate model for the heavy-tailed marginal distribution of video frame bandwidth. A statistical property called long-range dependence is described, measured, and shown to be significant for this data. A new traffic source model results from combining the marginal distribution with long-range dependence. Extensive trace driven simulations characterize network queueing behavior and allocation of bandwidth/buffer resources. Statistical multiplexing gain of variable rate video is evaluated as well as the advantage due to multiplexing video with data services. We discuss the implications of this traffic analysis for for the design of congestion control mechanisms for integrated packet networks. We close with some comments on the ramifications of advancing electronic hardware speed and complexity for multi-media communications.
Sinusoidal waveform following method for optimum digital control of PWM inverter (2004)

It is necessary for control of a PWM inverter to consider the sinusoidal transient effect. This paper proposes a new control method which considers the effect using a compensator with the internal model principle especially for a sinusoidal reference waveform. It has a denominator z/sup 2/ - 2cos/spl omega/Tz + 1 of a transfer function which is equal to the z function of a sinusoidal waveform with an angular frequency u and a sample time T. The principle is also extended to a three-phase inverter with LC filters. Design examples of compensator and inverter feedback gains are determined by the deadbeat and the optimal control principles. They are investigated and validated for their fast performances theoretically.
Improved Super-Resolution Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging With Spatiotemporal Nonlocal Means Filtering and Bipartite Graph-Based Microbubble Tracking (2017)

Super-resolution ultrasound microvessel imaging with contrast microbubbles has recently been proposed by multiple studies, demonstrating outstanding resolution with high potential for clinical applications. This paper aims at addressing the potential noise issue in in vivo human super-resolution imaging with ultrafast plane-wave imaging. The rich spatiotemporal information provided by ultrafast imaging presents features that allow microbubble signals to be separated from background noise. In addition, the high-frame-rate recording of microbubble data enables the implementation of robust tracking algorithms commonly used in particle tracking velocimetry. In this paper, we applied the nonlocal means (NLM) denoising filter on the spatiotemporal domain of the microbubble data to preserve the microbubble tracks caused by microbubble movement and suppress random background noise. We then implemented a bipartite graph-based pairing method with the use of persistence control to further improve the microbubble signal quality and microbubble tracking fidelity. In an in vivo rabbit kidney perfusion study, the NLM filter showed effective noise rejection and substantially improved microbubble localization. The bipartite graph pairing and persistence control demonstrated further noise reduction, improved microvessel delineation, and a more consistent microvessel blood flow speed measurement. With the proposed methods and freehand scanning on a free-breathing rabbit, a single microvessel cross-sectional profile with full-width at half-maximum of could be imaged at approximately 2-cm depth (ultrasound transmit center frequency = 8 MHz, theoretical spatial resolution ). Cortical microvessels that are apart can also be clearly separated. These results suggest that the proposed methods have good potential in facilitating robust in vivo clinical super-resolution microvessel imaging.
Optical measurement of focal offset in tunable lenses (2016)

Electrically tunable lenses are becoming a widely used optical tool, and have brought significant innovation to microscopy methods. One current limitation of such systems is the difficulty of directly monitor the focal change in real time. Affordable and reliable feedback for such lenses, compatible with any microscopy setup, represents a much-needed improvement that is still not widely available. We discuss here the implementation and technical performance of an optical device to measure with a high frequency response the displacement of the focal offset of a commercial tunable lens with a precision in the range of the axial Point Spread Function (PSF) of the microscope. The technology presented is cost effective and can be employed on any microscopy setup.
Hierarchical Embeddings for Hypernymy Detection and Directionality (2017)

We present a novel neural model HyperVec to learn hierarchical embeddings for hypernymy detection and directionality. While previous embeddings have shown limitations on prototypical hypernyms, HyperVec represents an unsupervised measure where embeddings are learned in a specific order and capture the hypernym-hyponym distributional hierarchy. Moreover, our model is able to generalize over unseen hypernymy pairs, when using only small sets of training data, and by mapping to other languages. Results on benchmark datasets show that HyperVec outperforms both state-of-theart unsupervised measures and embedding models on hypernymy detection and directionality, and on predicting graded lexical entailment.
Antioxidant action and potential antidiabetic properties of an isoflavonoid‐containing soyabean phytochemical extract (SPE) (1999)

The potential role of oestrogenic agents, antioxidants and intestinal glucose-uptake inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes is briefly reviewed. Reports in the literature suggest that oestrogen replacement therapy may favourably modulate glucose homeostasis. A soya phytochemical extract (SPE) containing the isoflavone phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein (mostly in their glycone forms as genistin and daidzin) was investigated as an antioxidant and modulator of intestinal glucose-transport. In the present study, SPE was found to protect against glucose-induced oxidation of human low density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro. Equol (a gut bacterial metabolite of daidzein) was a more effective antioxidant than daidzein or genistein in this system and was of similar antioxidant potency to the dietary flavonols quercetin and kaempferol and to the endogenous antioxidant 17β-oestradiol. SPE was found to be an inhibitor of glucose uptake into rabbit intestinal brush border membrane vesicles in vitro, though of weaker potency than the classical sodium dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) inhibitor, phlorizin. Thus SPE displays a range of properties which may be of benefit in diabetes, namely as an oestrogenic agent, an inhibitor of intestinal glucose-uptake and a preventive agent for glucose-induced lipid peroxidation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing Hardware Options for Maximum Flexibility and Improved Success in Wireline Formation Testing, Sampling and Downhole Fluid Analysis Operations (2008)

Abstract Wireline formation testers (WFT) are used for pressure measurements, fluid sampling, downhole fluid analysis and interval pressure transient testing. In three of these four applications how well we design and implement the flowrate requirements will determine if we will achieve the program objectives. In designing and executing even simple WFT jobs the inter-dependence of flow rate with drawdown, sand failure, phase change and contamination clean-up all must be considered. Until recently there has been relatively little "degrees of freedom" with respect to optimizing flow rate. There was typically one pump with one or two displacement units and one or two probe sizes to choose from. Now, however, when designing a typical WFT tool string one is faced with the choice of at least five different probe types, four different displacement units, and four different hydraulic pumps. Additionally, modern WFT strings now allow the use of two pumps simultaneously giving even more flow rate options. In this paper we discuss the interplay between the four different hydraulic pumps and the four different displacement units and how to optimize tool string design to achieve the desired flow rate and drawdown characteristics. We show field examples from a near saturated low perm reservoir in Angola and from the Niger Delta during the acquisition of a sample using focused probe technology that requires careful balancing of two pumps operating simultaneously. One of the implications of the pump design in the WFT is the ability of the pump to segregate two phase fluid as it passes through the pump. We show how to maximize the utility of this characteristic and provide field examples where the ability to segregate allows for large reductions in sampling times in the case of two phase fluids. Finally, with all the work on the optimization of the hardware for maximum flow rate flexibility we introduce a newly developed software algorithm that provides a real time flowrate measurement.
Reseña de "Tecnología yaprendizaje. Investigación sobre el impacto del ordenador en el aula" de Marchesi, A y Martín, E. (2004)

Resumen es: En esta obra se analiza una investigacion educativa llevada a cabo por profesionales de la educacion, el impacto de las TIC en los procesos de ensenanz...
Modification of lymphokine-activated killer cell accumulation into tumor sites by chemotherapy, local irradiation, or splenectomy. (1990)

The effects of chemotherapy or local irradiation on lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell accumulation into tumor sites were investigated. Lymphokine-activated killer cells labeled with 111In-oxine were injected into the caudal vein of C57BL/6 mice that had been previously transplanted with 3LL cancer. An adoptive transfer of LAK cells was carried out 4 days after treatments. Twenty-four hours after the transfer, tumor tissues were excised, and the accumulation of labeled LAK cells in the tumor was measured. In two different experiments, LAK cell accumulation in tumor in the nontreated group was 2.15% and 1.58% of the administered dose per gram of tissue. The accumulation in the groups of mice treated with cyclophosphamide, nimustine hydrochloride, or Adriamycin increased fourfold (7.38% dose/g, 6.61% dose/g), threefold (6.47% dose/g) and twofold (4.46% dose/g), respectively, as compared with the nontreated group. These agents induced significant tumor regression. In the group treated with bleomycin, which showed no significant effect on tumor growth, LAK cell accumulation in tumor remained unaltered (1.57% dose/g). However, the group treated with local irradiation, which induced significant tumor reduction, showed no increase in LAK cell accumulation into tumors. These results suggest that some antitumor drugs enhance LAK cell accumulation into tumor sites and that this increase is due to tumor modification by antitumor drugs.
Digital 3-D headforms with facial features representative of the current US workforce (2010)

Existing headforms are based on anthropometric data collected over 30 years ago. In 2003, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted an anthropometric survey of 3997 respirator users, of which 1013 subjects were scanned with a Cyberware 3-D Rapid Digitizer. The objective of this study was to create headforms representative of the current US workforce. Ten facial dimensions relevant to respirator fit were chosen for defining a principal component analysis model, which divides the user population into five face-size categories. Mean facial dimensions were then computed to target the ideal facial dimensions for each size category. Five scans in each category were chosen and averaged to construct a representative headform for each size category. Five digital 3-D headforms were developed: small, medium, large, long/narrow and short/wide. All dimensions are within 3 mm of the computed means for the sample population in each size category. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: This manuscript describes a new approach to constructing headforms that takes into account the facial form (size and shape) of the US workforce. These headforms could be incorporated into respirator research, certification standards and design in efforts to reduce the risk of injury or illness caused by inhalation hazards.
Data mining in bioinformatics using Weka (2004)

http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka.
The efficiency of pooling mRNA in microarray experiments (2003)

In a microarray experiment, messenger RNA samples are oftentimes pooled across subjects out of necessity, or in an effort to reduce the effect of biological variation. A basic problem in such experiments is to estimate the nominal expression levels of a large number of genes. Pooling samples will affect expression estimation, but the exact effects are not yet known as the approach has not been systematically studied in this context. We consider how mRNA pooling affects expression estimates by assessing the finite-sample performance of different estimators for designs with and without pooling. Conditions under which it is advantageous to pool mRNA are defined; and general properties of estimates from both pooled and non-pooled designs are derived under these conditions. A formula is given for the total number of subjects and arrays required in a pooled experiment to obtain gene expression estimates and confidence intervals comparable to those obtained from the no-pooling case. The formula demonstrates that by pooling a perhaps increased number of subjects, one can decrease the number of arrays required in an experiment without a loss of precision. The assumptions that facilitate derivation of this formula are considered using data from a quantitative real-time PCR experiment. The calculations are not specific to one particular method of quantifying gene expression as they assume only that a single, normalized, estimate of expression is obtained for each gene. As such, the results should be generally applicable to a number of technologies provided sufficient pre-processing and normalization methods are available and applied.
An Evaluation of Prefiltered B-Spline Reconstruction for Quasi-Interpolation on the Body-Centered Cubic Lattice (2009)

In this paper, we demonstrate that quasi-interpolation of orders two and four can be efficiently implemented on the Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice by using tensor-product B-splines combined with appropriate discrete prefilters. Unlike the nonseparable box-spline reconstruction previously proposed for the BCC lattice, the prefiltered B-spline reconstruction can utilize the fast trilinear texture-fetching capability of the recent graphics cards. Therefore, it can be applied for rendering BCC-sampled volumetric data interactively. Furthermore, we show that a separable B-spline filter can suppress the postaliasing effect much more isotropically than a nonseparable box-spline filter of the same approximation power. Although prefilters that make the B-splines interpolating on the BCC lattice do not exist, we demonstrate that quasi-interpolating prefiltered linear and cubic B-spline reconstructions can still provide similar or higher image quality than the interpolating linear box-spline and prefiltered quintic box-spline reconstructions, respectively.
Uncertain random mean–variance–skewness models for the portfolio optimization problem (2021)

In the face of complex financial phenomena, describing the high uncertainties in financial markets remains a challenging issue in modelling and decision making. In this paper, chance theory is used to analyse the hybrid uncertainty that combines random returns and uncertain returns. We regard the total return as an uncertain random variable and study the uncertain random portfolio optimization problem. We first define the skewness of an uncertain random variable and derive some important properties and explicit expressions with deterministic distributions. These theoretical results help transform the model into a deterministic form. Then, uncertain random mean–variance–skewness portfolio optimization models and their corresponding equivalents are established to meet the diverse needs of investors. Finally, we provide two numerical experiments to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model, one of which demonstrates that the model can be applied in the area of energy finance. It is shown that when uncertain asset returns are asymmetric, this model can be used to make investment decisions for investors. We also find that a higher return is accompanied by higher risk and higher skewness.