gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The peptidoglycan composition of a Staphylococcus aureus mutant selected for reduced methicillin resistance. (1993)

The peptidoglycan of a Tn551 mutant of Staphylococcus aureus (RUSA208) selected for reduced methicillin resistance was analyzed by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. RUSA208 is a member of a cluster of Tn551 mutants located on fragment A of SmaI digests but is distinct from the femA and femB class of mutants. The peptidoglycan of RUSA208 contained normal parental muropeptides but in diminished amounts only. The major muropeptides of RUSA208 were new components eluting with somewhat longer retention times from the column. Amino acid analysis of these new muropeptides showed identical compositions to the corresponding peaks in the parental strain, but mass spectrometry revealed increased molecular weights by the following mass units: 1 (in monomers), 1 or 2 (in dimers), and 2 or 3 (in trimers). These observations suggest that in RUSA208 the mutational block may be in the amidation of the stem peptide glutamate residues, resulting in the replacement of isoglutamine with free glutamic acid in one or more of the cell wall stem peptides.
Advanced Fuel Cell Catalysts (2003)

To make carbon catalyst-support particles to possess both electronic and protonic conductivities, ethanesulfonic acid groups were chemically linked onto their surface through a diazonium salt formed by reacting 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid with isobutyl nitrite. The resulting sulfonated carbon-supported catalyst became much more acidic than the untreated counterpart, and a thermal gravimetric analysis indicated that the optimal amount of ethanesulfonic acid groups was about 0.23 mmol onto each gram of 20% Pt/Vulcan XC-72. Fuel cell electrodes made using the sulfonated catalyst showed 60% higher performance than the untreated counterpart, while the optimal Nafion content within the catalyst layer was reduced by nearly half. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Improved quality (112¯0)a-plane GaN with sidewall lateral epitaxial overgrowth (2006)

We demonstrate a technique to reduce the extended defect densities in a-plane GaN deposited on r-plane sapphire. The SiO2 lateral epitaxial overgrowth mask consisted of ⟨11¯00⟩GaN stripes. Both the mask and GaN were etched through the mask openings and the lateral growth was initiated from the etched c-plane GaN sidewalls, and the material was grown over the mask regions until a smooth coalesced film was achieved. Threading dislocation densities in the range of 106–107cm−2 were realized throughout the film surface. The on-axis and off-axis full width at half maximum value and surface roughness were 0.082°, 0.114°, and 0.622 nm, respectively.
Symmetric bis-benzimidazoles: new sequence-selective DNA-binding molecules (1999)

A series of bis-benzimidazole compounds with a head-to-head orientation have been designed as sequence-specific DNA binders; crystallographic analysis of oligonucleotide complexes has been combined with DNase I footprinting to confirm that the predicted optimal site for the core bis-benzimidazole motif is the four-base-pair sequence 5′-AATT; this sequence specificity results in inhibition of transcription at A/T sites and may be responsible for the cytotoxic and antitumour effects shown by these head-to-head bis-benzimidazoles.
Noncontact charge measurement (1992)

A novel method and system for measuring a static charge field in a noncontact manner has been developed. This system is based on the principle of reciprocal motion of a grounded conductor near a point charge. Experiments were done to characterize this new system and are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. This system exhibits extremely good linearity with respect to the input electric field and has a resolution of better than 10 V/m, which is about two to three orders of magnitude in sensitivity higher than the one being used. The high sensitivity of this apparatus makes the system feasible for use at a safe distance in various applications where static charge must be monitored.
Bipolar pulse width modulation driver for MEMS electrostatic actuator arrays (2004)

Three-level pulse width modulation serves as the basis of an all-digital technique for driving an array of high-voltage electrostatic microactuators. DC bias is zero and maximum RMS voltage is equal to the single supply voltage. Driver arrays are implemented using a two-chip architecture: a logic chip and an HV level translator array. A micromirror driver array is described, with 1920 drivers that occupy an area of 1280 mm/sup 2/ and consumes 12.3 W from 5-V and 200-V supplies.
Effect of the distribution of saturated fatty acids in the melting and crystallization profiles of high-oleic high-stearic oils (2016)

The composition and distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules are commonly considered as factors that determine the physical properties of a given oil or fat. The distribution of any fatty acid in fats and oils can be described through the α coefficient of asymmetry, which can be calculated from the TAG composition and fatty acid composition of the sn-2 position of the TAGs determined through lipase hydrolysis. High-oleic high-stearic oils and fats are considered stable and healthy, and they are good substitutes for hydrogenated vegetable oils and palm fractions in many food products, such as spreads and confectionery. Here, different high-oleic high-stearic acid oils were formulated which contained different distributions of saturated fatty acids in their TAGs, while maintaining a similar fatty acid composition. The aim of this work was to discuss the possibility of using the α coefficient to predict the physical properties of fats in function of their chemical composition and their melting and crystallization behavior as examined by differential scanning calorimetry.
Water‐Soluble Phospholo[3,2‐<i>b</i>]phosphole‐<i>P</i>,<i>P</i>′‐Dioxide‐Based Fluorescent Dyes with High Photostability (2018)

We recently reported that fluorescent dye PB430, which consisted of a 2-phenyl-substituted benzophosphole P-oxide skeleton that was reinforced by a methylene bridge, showed pronounced photostability and, thus, high utility for applications in super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Herein, we replaced the methylene bridge with another P=O group to 1) investigate the role of the bridging moieties; and 2) further modulate the fluorescence properties of this skeleton. We synthesized a series of phospholo[3,2-b]phosphole-based dyes-trans-PO-PB430, cis-PO-PB430, and trans-PO-PB460-all of which showed sufficient water solubility. Moreover, trans-PO-PB430 and trans-PO-PB460 exhibited intense green and orange fluorescence, respectively, and a high photostability that was comparable to that of PB430. In contrast, cis-PO-PB430 underwent rapid photobleaching upon continuous photoirradiation, which demonstrated the importance of steric shielding of the polycyclic skeleton by the substituents on the bridging moieties. The fluorescence properties of these dyes were insensitive to concentration, pH value, and polarity changes of the environment in solution. In addition, even in the solid state, these dyes showed strong green to orange emissions. These results demonstrate the potential utility of trans-PO-PB430 and trans-PO-PB460 as highly photostable fluorescent dyes.
Implantable Resorbable Micro-prism Arrays for Real-time Drug Release Monitoring (2012)

We present a free-standing micro-prism array device entirely constituted by silk protein showing enhanced optical reflectivity, which can be used to monitor drug delivery while slowly degrading to surrounding tissues with no adverse biological effects.
Intranasal Immunization of Mice with PspA (Pneumococcal Surface Protein A) Can Prevent Intranasal Carriage, Pulmonary Infection, and Sepsis with<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (1997)

Many pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, are carried asymptomatically on the nasopharyngeal mucosa and spread among individuals by close contact. Clinical disease results when pneumococci escape from the mucosa and invade sterile sites. Although systemic immunity can prevent invasive disease, control of person-to-person spread is probably dependent on immunity acting at the mucosal surface. Intranasal immunization of mice with PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) or a capsular 6B polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate induced mucosal and systemic antibody responses and provided long-lasting protection against carriage of S. pneumoniae. Resistance to carriage was dependent on mucosal rather than systemic immunity and was effective against heterologous strains of heterologous PspA types. Intranasal immunization with PspA also protected against systemic infection following intravenous, intratracheal, and intraperitoneal challenge.
Expedient Vapor Probing of Organic Amines Using Fluorescent Nanofibers Fabricated from an n-Type Organic Semiconductor (2008)

A new type of fluorescence sensory material with high sensitivity, selectivity, and photostability has been developed for vapor probing of organic amines. The sensory material is primarily based on well-defined nanofibers fabricated from an n-type organic semiconductor molecule, N-(1-hexylheptyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxyl-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide. Upon deposition onto a substrate, the entangled nanofibers form a meshlike, highly porous film, which enables expedient diffusion of gaseous analyte molecules within the film matrix, leading to milliseconds response for the vapor sensing.
Multi-rate adaptation with interference and congestion awareness (2011)

Rate adaptation plays a central role in the efficiency of data transmissions in wireless networks. Due to the complex physical-layer effects of wireless links, including interference, attenuation, and multi-path fading, designing a rate adaptation algorithm that performs well in most scenarios is a challenging problem. We present the Multi-rate Adaptation with Interference and Congestion Awareness (MAICA) scheme, which is compatible with existing 802.11 implementations and relies only on acknowledgment packets for its operation. Extensive simulations, analytical model, and real-world experiments are used to show that MAICA consistently performs better than prior rate adaptation schemes used to date, especially in dense and congested wireless networks.
Application of the DIVA principle to Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines in pigs avoids interference with serosurveillance programmes (2011)

Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic diseases in humans and Salmonella infections are often linked with the consumption of contaminated pork. In order to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium infections in humans, minimization of the Salmonella intake into the food chain is important.
High Reliability Downlink Transmission with Superposition Modulated Side Information (2017)

A highly reliable transmission scheme based on a combined application of network coding and superposition modulation is introduced for a non- relay wireless communication system. It is shown that by employing superposition modulation, the side information needed for error recovery can be transmitted over the same set of resources as the original packets. A sub-constellation alignment mechanism for constructive combining of the least significant bits of the received symbols is proposed for efficient side information dissemination. The outage analysis and numerical results show that the proposed system can offer significant gains in link reliability.
Lipophilicity of Potent Mn Porphyrin-based SOD and Peroxynitrite Reductase Mimics is Redox Modulated (2009)

Cationic Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins display electrostatic and thermodynamic facilitation for the dismutation of superoxide and reduction of peroxynitrite. Some members of the series are among the most potent catalytic scavengers of these reactive species. Mn(III) porphyrins, such as MnTE-2-PyP5+ (AOEL10113), MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, and MnTDE-2-ImP5+ (AEOL10150), effectively attenuate oxidative stress in animal models of cancer, central nervous system disorders, radiation injury, diabetes, morphine tolerance, ischemia/reperfusion injuries etc. Recent data, however, has hinted that factors other than redox-based antioxidant potency, such as lipophilicity, size, and the overall geometry and conformational flexibility of the Mn porphyrins play also a significant role in their design and activity. We show here that redox status controls the lipophilicity of Mn porphyrins and, therefore, their bioavailability and in vivo efficacy. In the presence of superoxide and/or cellular reductants, such as ascorbate, cationic Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins, Mn(III)P5+, can be reduced to the corresponding Mn(II) porphyrin, Mn(II)P4+, which are about 1 (meta series) or 2 (ortho series) orders of magnitude more lipophilic than the Mn(III) counterparts. The lipophilicity of Mn(II)P4+ is similar to that of the metal-free ligands (H2P4+), which suggests that lipophilicity may be controlled by the overall charge of the species. The distribution of the Mn(III) and Mn(II) species of the ortho and meta series of cationic Mn porphyrins was investigated in vivo in the O2 •–-specific, SODdeficient E. coli model. Despite the high hydrophilicity of MnIIITE- 2-PyP5+, we have shown that it reaches mouse heart mitochondria and is effective in ameliorating CNS disorders. As the lipophilicity of MnIIITE-2-PyP5+ is increased by >2 orders of magnitude upon reduction, it is likely that the mechanism by which this Mn porphyrin and its congeners get into the brain and spinal cord may involve the in situ reduction to Mn(II) porphyrins. Worth noting is that the reduction to Mn(II) does not affect the SOD activity of these complexes, which normally redox cycle between the Mn(III) and Mn(II) oxidation states during dismutation. The redox status of cells and tissues modulates, thus, the oxidation state of the Mn porphyrins, their overall charge, and consequently, their lipophilicity and bioavailability
IL36-Mediated Skin Inflammation Requires Signaling Through Chemokine Receptor CCR6. (2018)

Abstract Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare inflammatory skin disorder with an etiology distinct from common plaque psoriasis. GPP patients often do not respond to therapeutic agents used routinely to treat plaque psoriasis. Genetic evidence suggests that GPP arises from dysfunction in the IL36/IL36Ra/IL36R signaling axis, and many aspects of GPP can be re-created in the mouse by intradermal (ID) injection of pre-activated IL36. We have used this ID-IL36 model to study the leukocyte populations that accumulate within GPP skin. In a previous study, we reported that a small molecule CCR6 antagonist, CCX2553, ameliorates inflammation in an imiquimod-induced model of plaque psoriasis, and we now find this is to be the case in the GPP model as well. However, in contrast to the imiquimod model, a conventional CD4+ αβ T cell population accumulates in the ID-IL36-treated skin instead of the characteristic γδT17 population found in imiquimod-treated skin. CCX2553 reduces IL36-induced inflammation while preventing skin accumulation of this CD4+ αβT cell population. Thus, although disparate T cell populations are associated with each model, inflammation is ameliorated by CCR6 antagonism in both models. These findings suggest that CCR6 may constitute a novel target for a mechanistically distinct approach towards GPP therapy.
Large holographic 3D displays for tomorrow&#x2019;s TV and monitors - solutions, challenges, and prospects (2008)

Novel solutions for large real-time holographic 3D displays are presented. The holographic display combines a tailored holographic recording scheme with active tracking of the observer. This approach dramatically reduces the demand for the space-bandwidth product of the hologram and thus allows the use of state-of-the-art spatial light modulators and enables real-time calculation. The fundamentals and challenges of the holographic display technology are described, its implementation in prototypes is demonstrated, and the bright prospects for the 3D display market are discussed.
Inhibition of amyloid precursor protein processing by β-secretase through site-directed antibodies (2005)

Amyloid-beta peptide (AbetaP) that accumulates in the Alzheimer's diseased brain is derived from proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by means of beta- and gamma-secretases. The beta-secretase APP cleaving enzyme (BACE), which generates the N terminus of AbetaP, has become a target of intense research aimed at blocking the enzyme activity, thus reducing AbetaP and, subsequently, plaque formation. The search for specific inhibitors of beta-secretase activity as a possible treatment for Alzheimer's disease intensified with the discovery that BACE may be involved in processing other non-APP substrates. The presence of the APP-BACE complex in early endosomes highlights the cell surface as a potential therapeutic target, suggesting that interference in APP-BACE interaction at the cell surface may affect amyloid-beta production. We present here a unique approach to inhibit AbetaP production by means of antibodies against the beta-secretase cleavage site of APP. These antibodies were found to bind human APP overexpressed by CHO cells, and the formed immunocomplex was visualized in the early endosomes. Indeed, blocking of the beta-secretase site by these antibodies interfered with BACE activity and inhibited both intracellular and extracellular AbetaP formation in these cells.
<i>In vivo</i> detection and imaging of phosphatidylserine expression during programmed cell death (1998)

One of the earliest events in programmed cell death is the externalization of phosphatidylserine, a membrane phospholipid normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. Annexin V, an endogenous human protein with a high affinity for membrane bound phosphatidylserine, can be used in vitro to detect apoptosis before other well described morphologic or nuclear changes associated with programmed cell death. We tested the ability of exogenously administered radiolabeled annexin V to concentrate at sites of apoptotic cell death in vivo. After derivatization with hydrazinonicotinamide, annexin V was radiolabeled with technetium 99m. In vivo localization of technetium 99m hydrazinonicotinamide-annexin V was tested in three models: fuminant hepatic apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody injection in BALB/c mice; acute rejection in ACI rats with transplanted heterotopic PVG cardiac allografts; and cyclophosphamide treatment of transplanted 38C13 murine B cell lymphomas. External radionuclide imaging showed a two- to sixfold increase in the uptake of radiolabeled annexin V at sites of apoptosis in all three models. Immunohistochemical staining of cardiac allografts for exogenously administered annexin V revealed intense staining of numerous myocytes at the periphery of mononuclear infiltrates of which only a few demonstrated positive apoptotic nuclei by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated UTP end labeling method. These results suggest that radiolabeled annexin V can be used in vivo as a noninvasive means to detect and serially image tissues and organs undergoing programmed cell death.
Adaptive real-time advisory system for fuel economy improvement in a hybrid electric vehicle (2009)

In this paper, we present a fuzzy logic based adaptive algorithm with a learning mechanism that estimates driver's long term and short term preferences. The algorithm represents a significant advancement to the capability of our previous non-adaptive real-time fuel economy advisory system that was implemented in a Ford Escape Hybrid [8][9]. This real-time advisory system proposed in [8][9]achieved improved fuel economy by providing visual and haptic feedbacks to the driver to change his or her driving style or behavior for a given vehicle condition. It was tuned to maximize fuel economy without significantly impacting the performance of the vehicle. Some drivers may perceive it's feedback to be intrusive on one extreme while some other drivers may feel it ineffective on another extreme, depending on the driver's driving styles. The new adaptive algorithm learns driver's intentions by monitoring their driving styles and behaviors, and addresses the issues of intrusiveness of the advisory feedback. This proposed adaptive algorithm balances the competing requirements for improved fuel economy and drivability by maintaining vehicle performance that is acceptable to the current driver's driving style and behavior while providing mechanism to improve fuel economy. This system was developed and validated on the Ford Escape Hybrid vehicle. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive algorithm is capable of improving driver's behavior and style without being perceived as ineffective or intrusive and achieves fuel economy improvements.
Spatially resolved emitter saturation current by photoluminescence imaging (2013)

Heavily doped regions (in particular emitters) in silicon wafer solar cells are a major source of recombination which limits the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current and hence the efficiency. These regions are typically characterized by the emitter saturation current density, which is commonly calculated from the plot of the inverse effective lifetime (corrected for Auger recombination) as a function of minority carrier concentration. In this paper we present a simple spatially resolved emitter saturation current density measurement method which is based on photoluminescence imaging. The spatially averaged values obtained by the proposed method were found to be in a good agreement with the ones obtained by the standard photoconductance-based method. The application of the method to a selective emitter solar cell structure is demonstrated.
Defects of glucose metabolism in polycystic kidney disease: first studies and future perspectives (2013)

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by bilateral renal cyst formation. Several aspects of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying cyst formation in this disease are still controversial, but there is today general agreement on ADPKD being a loss-of-function disease. In this brief article we specifically discuss 2 aspects: (i) we try to give an overview of the state-of-the-art of our current understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of the disease, trying to provide an integrated view of the different models of cystogenesis proposed; (ii) we provide a detailed description and a discussion of the recent findings reported by our laboratory on defective glucose metabolism in ADPKD and its potential therapeutical implications, highlighting also the need for further validation of our findings in additional animal models of late onset and slow progression.
Waste Glass Melter Process Monitoring with Millimeter Waves (2002)

Millimeter-wave technologies can provide novel and reliable on-line monitoring capability for many important parameters inside nuclear waste glass melters including temperature, emissivity, density, and viscosity. The physical and analytical basis for millimeter-wave monitoring of molten glass is presented here along with initial experimental results. Tests were carried out at a frequency of 137 GHz (2.19 mm) with ceramic waveguides at temperatures up to 1500 C. The ability to resolve emissivity and temperature was demonstrated. Cold cap temperature profile measurements have been obtained in a pilot scale melter using a rotating waveguide. Also, the capability to monitor viscosity over a range of 20 to 2000 Poise was shown for a Hanford waste glass.