gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional magnetic resonance tomographic microscopy using ferromagnetic probes (2004)

We introduce the concept of computerized tomographic microscopy in magnetic resonance imaging using the magnetic fields and field gradients from a ferromagnetic probe. We investigate a configuration where a two-dimensional sample is under the influence of a large static polarizing field, a small perpendicular radio-frequency field, and a magnetic field from a ferromagnetic sphere. We demonstrate that, despite the nonuniform and nonlinear nature of the fields from a microscopic magnetic sphere, the concepts of computerized tomography can be applied to obtain proper image reconstruction from the original spectral data by sequentially varying the relative sample-sphere angular orientation. The analysis shows that the recent proposal for atomic resolution magnetic resonance imaging of discrete periodic crystal lattice planes using ferromagnetic probes can also be extended to two-dimensional imaging of noncrystalline samples with resolution ranging from micrometer to angstrom scales.
Reproducing color images with embedded metallic patterns (2003)

By combining a metallic ink and standard inks, one may create printed images having a dynamic appearance: an image viewed under specular reflection may be considerably different from the same image viewed under non-specular reflection. Patterns which are either dark or hidden become highlighted under specular reflection, yielding interesting visual effects. To create such images, one needs to be able to reproduce at non-specular reflection angles the same colors, by standard inks alone or in combination with a metallic ink. Accurate color prediction models need to be established which model the underlying physical phenomena in a consistent manner. To meet this challenge, we propose two models, one for predicting the reflection spectra of standard inks on coated paper and one for predicting the reflection spectra of a combination of standard inks and a metallic ink. They are enhancements of the classical Clapper-Yule model which models optical dot gain of halftone prints by taking into account lateral scattering within the paper bulk and multiple internal reflections. The models we propose also take into account physical dot gain and ink spreading for standard inks as well as the low reflectance of metallic inks at non-specular reflection angles and the poor adherence of standard inks printed on top of a metallic ink (trapping effect). These models open the way towards color separation of images to be reproduced by combining a metallic ink and standard inks. Several designs printed on an offset press demonstrate their applicability and their benefits for high-end design and security applications.
Adjustable refractive power from diffractive moiré elements (2008)

We show how suitable combinations of cascaded diffractive optical elements (DOEs) can form a combined "moiré DOE" of adjustable refractive power and high diffraction efficiency. The optical power can be adjusted continuously by a mutual rotation of one DOE with respect to the other. Fresnel lenses and axicons of variable refractive power or spiral phase plates of adjustable helical charge can be realized this way.
Heat recovery from sorbent-based CO.sub.2 capture (2023)

The present invention provides a method of increasing the efficiency of exothermic CO.sub.2 capture processes. The method relates to withdrawing heat generated during the exothermic capture of CO.sub.2 with various sorbents via heat exchange with a working fluid. The working fluid is provided at a temperature and pressure such that it is in the liquid state, and has a vaporization temperature in a range such that the heat arising from the reaction of the CO.sub.2 and the sorbent causes a phase change from liquid to vapor state in whole or in part and transfers heat from to the working fluid. The resulting heated working fluid may subsequently be used to generate power.
Antibiofilm Efficacy of DispersinB<sup>®</sup> Wound Spray Used in Combination with a Silver Wound Dressing (2014)

Chronic wounds including diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers are a worldwide health problem. As the traditional methods of treatment have proven ineffective against chronic wounds involving biofilms, there is an unmet clinical need for developing products with an antibiofilm component that inhibits and/or disrupts biofilms and thus make the biofilm-embedded bacteria more susceptible to antimicrobial therapy. We developed a DispersinB® antibiofilm enzyme-based wound spray for treating chronic wounds in conjunction with an antimicrobial. Under in vitro conditions, the DispersinB® and Acticoat™ combination performed significantly better (P < 0.05) than Acticoat™ alone, indicating the synergy between the two compounds because of DispersinB® enhancing the antimicrobial activity of Acticoat™. Furthermore, DispersinB® wound spray enhanced the antimicrobial activity of Acticoat™ in a chronic wound mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Thus, this novel combination of DispersinB® and Acticoat™, an antimicrobial dressing, prompts clinical evaluation for potential applications in biofilm-based chronic wound management.
Bench-Scale Development of Fluidized-Bed Spray-Dried Sorbents (1996)

Successful development of regenerable mixed-metal oxide sorbents for removal of reduced sulfur species (such as H{sub 2}S and COS) from coal-derived fuel gas streams at high=temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) conditions is a key to commercialization of the integrated-gasification-combined-cycle (IGCC) power systems. Among the various available coal-to-electricity pathways, IGCC power plants have the most potential with high thermal efficiency, simple system configuration, low emissions of SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x} and other contaminants, modular design, and low capital cost. Due to these advantages, the power plants of the 21st century are projected to utilize IGCC technology worldwide. Sorbents developed for sulfur removal are primarily zinc oxide-based inorganic materials, because of their ability to reduce fuel gas sulfur level to a few parts-per-million (ppm). This project extends the prior work on the development of fluidizable zinc titanate particles using a spray-drying technique to impart high reactivity and attrition resistance. Specific objectives are to develop highly reactive and attrition-resistant zinc titanate sorbents in 40- to 150-{mu}m particle size range for transport reactor applications using semicommercial- to full commercial-scale spray dryers, to transfer sorbent production technology to private sector, and to provide technical support for Sierra Pacific`s Clean Coal Technology Demonstration plant and METC`s hot-gas desulfurization process development unit (PDU), both employing a transport reactor system.
Data collection and restoration for heterogeneous process migration (2002)

Abstract This study presents a practical solution for data collection and restoration to migrate a process written in high‐level stack‐based languages such as C and Fortran over a network of heterogeneous computers. We first introduce a logical data model, namely the Memory Space Representation (MSR) model, to recognize complex data structures in process address space. Then, novel methods are developed to incorporate the MSR model into a process, and to collect and restore data efficiently. We have implemented prototype software and performed experiments on different programs. Experimental and analytical results show that: (1) a user‐level process can be migrated across different computing platforms; (2) semantic information of data structures in the process's memory space can be correctly collected and restored; (3) costs of data collection and restoration depend on the complexity of the MSR graph in the memory space and the amount of data involved; and (4) the implantation of the MSR model into the process is not a decisive factor of incurring execution overheads. With appropriate program analysis, we can practically achieve low overhead. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical beam steering of quantum cascade lasers (2004)

We present the realization of a quantum cascade laser with tapered waveguide and patterned contacts that allow to control the emission profile by modifying the electrical excitation in different sections of the device.
Bifunctional thrombin inhibitors based on the sequence of hirudin45-65. (1990)

The interaction of alpha-thrombin with the hirudin (HV1) fragment N alpha-acetyl desulfo hirudin45-65 (P51) was investigated. Kinetic analysis revealed that P51 inhibits the proteolysis of a tripeptidyl substrate with Ki = 0.72 +/- 0.13 and 0.11 +/- 0.03 microM for bovine and human alpha-thrombins, respectively. The inhibition was partially competitive, affecting substrate binding to the enzyme-inhibitor complex by a factor alpha = 2 (bovine) and alpha = 4 (human) characteristic of hyperbolic inhibitors. P51 also inhibited thrombin-induced fibrin clot formation with IC50 values of 0.94 +/- 0.20 and 0.058 +/- 0.006 microM for bovine and human alpha-thrombins, respectively. The enhanced antithrombin activity for human thrombin could be attributed to species variations in the putative auxiliary "anion" exosite since N alpha-acetyl desulfo hirudin55-65 displayed the same rank order of potency shift in a clotting assay without inhibiting the amidolytic activity of either enzyme. From these observations, a potent thrombin inhibitor was designed having modified residues corresponding to the P1 and P3 recognition sites. N alpha-Acetyl[D-Phe45, Arg47] hirudin45-65 (P53) emerged as a pure competitive inhibitor with a Ki = 2.8 +/- 0.9 nM and IC50 = 4.0 +/- 0.8 nM (human alpha-thrombin) and is designated as a "bifunctional" inhibitor. Its enhanced potency could be explained by a cooperative intramolecular interaction between the COOH-terminal domain of the inhibitor and the auxiliary exosite of thrombin on the one hand, and the modified NH2-terminal residues with the catalytic site on the other.
Physico-chemical and biological properties of actagardine and some acid hydrolysis products. (1985)

Actagardine (originally designated as metabolite B or gardimycin) is a polypeptide antibiotic produced by fermentation of Actinoplanes strains ATCC 31048 and 31049. During the course of repeated fermentations two new compounds, coded D and E, were isolated. Some physico-chemical and biological characteristics of actagardine and of both compounds are presented. Compound D is derived from chemical transformation of actagardine.
High Throughput Analysis of Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data for Peptides (1997)

In recent years tandem mass spectrometry has made a substantial impact on the sequence analysis of peptides ( 1 ). In this process peptide ions are dissociated in a collision cell to produce a collection of fragment ions. The m/z values of the fragment ions are determined in the second mass analyzer. Fortuitously, peptide ions fragment primarily around the amide linkages or peptide bonds in a manner that produces a ladder of sequence ions. This method of analysis for peptides has several advantages; high throughput and sensitivity, the ability to analyze peptides contained in mixtures, and lastly the ability to observe covalent modifications to the structure.
Pleural Effusion Lipoproteins Measured by NMR Spectroscopy for Diagnosis of Exudative Pleural Effusions: A Novel Tool for Pore-Size Estimation (2014)

High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry of biofluids has been increasingly used in laboratory diagnosis of various diseases. In this study, we extended the use of (1)H NMR spectroscopy for laboratory diagnosis of exudative pleural effusions using pleural fluids. We compared this new NMR-based test with Light's criteria, the current gold standard for laboratory diagnosis of exudative pleural effusions. We analyzed 67 samples of pleural effusions from patients with pulmonary malignancy (N = 32), pulmonary tuberculosis (N = 18), and congestive heart failure (N = 17). The metabolomes of pleural effusions were analyzed using (1)H NMR spectroscopy on a Bruker 600 MHz spectrometer. Through a metabolome-wide association approach with filtering of insignificant markers (p value <4 × 10(-6)) and multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis), lipoprotein was found to be the best biomarker that distinguished exudates from transudates. Using NMR-based lipoprotein profiling to classify exudative pleural effusions from transudates, the area-under-receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.96 with sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 88%, and accuracy of 98%. In contrast, the current gold standard, Light's criteria, give a specificity of only 65% at the same sensitivity level of 98%. Using the principle of size exclusion, NMR-based lipoprotein profiling of pleural fluids has an unprecedented diagnostic performance superiority over the Light's criteria. The capillary leaks secondary to inflammation result in a larger pleural pore-size, which allows the large-sized lipoproteins to accumulate in exudative pleural effusions. In contrast, the pleural permeability is intact in transudates, which allow only small-sized lipoproteins to pass into the pleural effusions. The average capillary pore-size of the pleura can therefore be determined by using NMR-based lipoprotein profiling of pleural fluids. We believe this new test will change the current clinical practice for management of pleural effusions and will become a new standard for clinical practice.
Novel vertical hetero- and homo-junction tunnel field-effect transistors based on multi-layer 2D crystals (2016)

Vertical hetero- and homo-junction tunnel FET (TFET) based on multi-layer black phosphorus (BP) and transition metal dichalcogenides are proposed and studied by numerical simulations employing the semi-classical density gradient quantum correction model. It is found that the vertical TFET based on BP can achieve high on-current (>200 μA μm−1) and steep subthreshold swing (average value = 24.6 mV/dec) simultaneously, due to its high mobility, direct narrow bandgap, and low dielectric constant. We also found that the on-current in vertical TFETs based on MoS2/MoSe2 hetero-junction is two orders of magnitudes higher than the one in MoS2 homo-junction TFET, due to the reduced effective bandgap in heterostructure with staggered band alignment. In addition, we present various design considerations and recommendations as well as provide a qualitative comparison with published data.
CCL17 in Inflammation and Pain (2020)

It has been reported that a GM-CSF→CCL17 pathway, originally identified in vitro in macrophage lineage populations, is implicated in the control of inflammatory pain, as well as arthritic pain and disease. We explore, in this study and in various inflammation models, the cellular CCL17 expression and its GM-CSF dependence as well as the function of CCL17 in inflammation and pain. This study used models allowing the convenient cell isolation from <i>Ccl17<sup>E/+</sup></i> reporter mice; it also exploited both CCL17-dependent and unique CCL17-driven inflammatory pain and arthritis models, the latter permitting a radiation chimera approach to help identify the CCL17 responding cell type(s) and the mediators downstream of CCL17 in the control of inflammation and pain. We present evidence that 1) in the particular inflammation models studied, CCL17 expression is predominantly in macrophage lineage populations and is GM-CSF dependent, 2) for its action in arthritic pain and disease development, CCL17 acts on CCR4<sup>+</sup> non-bone marrow-derived cells, and 3) for inflammatory pain development in which a GM-CSF→CCL17 pathway appears critical, nerve growth factor, CGRP, and substance P all appear to be required.
Boosted HCCI - Controlling Pressure-Rise Rates for Performance Improvements using Partial Fuel Stratification with Conventional Gasoline (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study investigates the potential of partial fuel stratification for reducing the knocking propensity of intake-boosted HCCI engines operating on conventional gasoline. Although intake boosting can substantially increase the high-load capability of HCCI, these engines would be more production-viable if the knock/stability load limit could be extended to allow higher loads at a given boost and/or to provide even higher thermal efficiencies. A technique termed partial fuel stratification (PFS) has recently been shown to greatly reduce the combustion-induced pressure-rise rate (PRR), and therefore the knocking propensity of naturally aspirated HCCI, when the engine is fueled with a φ-sensitive, two-stage-ignition fuel. The current work explores the potential of applying PFS to boosted HCCI operation using conventional gasoline, which does not typically show two-stage ignition. Experiments were conducted in a single-cylinder HCCI research engine (0.98 liters) at 1200 rpm. The engine was equipped with a compression-ratio 14 piston, and combustion phasing was controlled by EGR addition.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">PFS is produced by premixing the majority of the fuel and then directly injecting the remainder (up to about 20%) in the latter part of the compression stroke. For PFS to be effective, the fuel's autoignition chemistry must vary with the local equivalence ratio (φ) to produce a staged combustion event. Accordingly, tests were conducted to determine the φ-sensitivity of gasoline. They show that at naturally aspirated conditions (Pin = 1 bar), gasoline is not φ-sensitive, and PFS is not effective for reducing the PRR. However, with sufficient intake boost (e.g., Pin = 2 bar), gasoline is found to become highly φ-sensitive, and PFS very effectively reduces the PRR. Varying the amount of PFS, by adjusting either the timing or amount of DI fuel, allows control of the PRR reduction. Applying PFS to high loads at Pin = 2 bar substantially shifts the knock/stability limit and increases the maximum IMEPg from 11.7 (premixed) to 13.0 bar (PFS). Maximum load improvements with PFS are also seen for other intake pressures ranging from 1.6 to 2.4 bar. Finally, because it allows more advanced combustion phasing without knock, PFS is also effective for increasing the thermal efficiency of boosted HCCI over a range of loads for each Pin, yielding typical fuel economy improvements of 2 - 2.5%. Overall, PFS has a strong potential for improving gasoline-fueled boosted HCCI operation.</div></div>
Radiation Inactivation Studies of the Benzodiazepine/γ‐Aminobutyric Acid/Chloride Ionophore Receptor Complex (1985)

Radiation inactivation was used to estimate the molecular weight of the benzodiazepine (BZ), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and associated chloride ionophore (picrotoxinin/barbiturate) binding sites in frozen membranes prepared from rat forebrain. The target size of the BZ recognition site (as defined by the binding of the agonists [3H]diazepam and [3H]flunitrazepam, the antagonists [3H]Ro 15-1788 and [3H]CGS 8216, and the inverse agonist [3H]ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate) averaged 51,000 +/- 2,000 daltons. The presence or absence of GABA during irradiation had no effect on the target size of the BZ recognition site. The apparent molecular weight of the GABA binding site labelled with [3H]muscimol was identical to the BZ receptor when determined under identical assay conditions. However the target size of the picrotoxinin/barbiturate binding site labelled with the cage convulsant [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate was about threefold larger (138,000 daltons). The effects of lyophilization on BZ receptor binding activity and target size analysis were also determined. A decrease in the number of BZ binding sites (Bmax) was observed in the nonirradiated, lyophilized membranes compared with frozen membranes. Lyophilization of membranes prior to irradiation at -135 degrees C or 30 degrees C resulted in a 53 and 151% increase, respectively, in the molecular weight (target size) estimates of the BZ recognition site when compared with frozen membrane preparations. Two enzymes were also added to the membrane preparations for subsequent target size analysis. In lyophilized preparations irradiated at 30 degrees C, the target size for beta-galactosidase was also increased 71% when compared with frozen membrane preparations. In contrast, the target size for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not altered by lyophilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detection and Tracking of Multiple Humans with Extensive Pose Articulation (2007)

We describe a method for detecting and tracking humans. Different from most of the previous work, we focus on humans with extensive pose articulations, under situations where there is typically only a single camera, multiple humans are present and the image resolution is low. In our method pose clusters are learned from an embedded silhouette manifold. A set of object detectors, each of which corresponds to one pose cluster, are trained based on a novel Object-Weighted Appearance Model. A probabilistic pose-based transition model is used to track multiple objects within a sliding window buffer, making use of the detection responses. The track segments in the sliding windows are connected sequentially into full trajectories. Experiments on a set of challenging surveillance videos are presented; these show good performance of our approach compared to standard pedestrian detectors, under difficult conditions.
Independent Control of Elastomer Properties through Stereocontrolled Synthesis (2016)

In most synthetic elastomers, changing the physical properties by monomer choice also results in a change to the crystallinity of the material, which manifests through alteration of its mechanical performance. Using organocatalyzed stereospecific additions of thiols to activated alkynes, high-molar-mass elastomers were isolated via step-growth polymerization. The resulting controllable double-bond stereochemistry defines the crystallinity and the concomitant mechanical properties as well as enabling the synthesis of materials that retain their excellent mechanical properties through changing monomer composition. Using this approach to elastomer synthesis, further end group modification and toughening through vulcanization strategies are also possible. The organocatalytic control of stereochemistry opens the realm to a new and easily scalable class of elastomers that will have unique chemical handles for functionalization and post synthetic processing.
Inter-thread Communication in Multithreaded, Reconfigurable Coarse-grain\n Arrays (2018)

Traditional von Neumann GPGPUs only allow threads to communicate through\nmemory on a group-to-group basis. In this model, a group of producer threads\nwrites intermediate values to memory, which are read by a group of consumer\nthreads after a barrier synchronization. To alleviate the memory bandwidth\nimposed by this method of communication, GPGPUs provide a small scratchpad\nmemory that prevents intermediate values from overloading DRAM bandwidth. In\nthis paper we introduce direct inter-thread communications for massively\nmultithreaded CGRAs, where intermediate values are communicated directly\nthrough the compute fabric on a point-to-point basis. This method avoids the\nneed to write values to memory, eliminates the need for a dedicated scratchpad,\nand avoids workgroup-global barriers. The paper introduces the programming\nmodel (CUDA) and execution model extensions, as well as the hardware primitives\nthat facilitate the communication. Our simulations of Rodinia benchmarks\nrunning on the new system show that direct inter-thread communication provides\nan average speedup of 4.5x (13.5x max) and reduces system power by an average\nof 7x (33x max), when compared to an equivalent Nvidia GPGPU.\n