gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of selective arterial secretin injection test to guide surgery in patients with Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome (1993)

It is often difficult to localize gastrinomas in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). We have developed a new useful method, the selective arterial secretin injection test (SASI test), for localizing gastrinomas in patients with ZES. The SASI test first determines the arteries feeding the gastrinomas and then locates the gastrinomas. In 12 patients with ZES, the SASI test clearly localized the gastrinomas, while results obtained with computed tomography or portal venous blood sampling had a positive predictability of less than 10%. Following localization with the SASI test, curative resection of gastrinomas was successfully performed on 7 patients who consented to the operation. Each of 3 patients had one duodenal submucosal microgastrinoma and one or more metastatic lymph node; the other 4 patients had 2 to 10 microgastrinomas or large gastrinomas in the duodenum or the pancreas. All 7 patients, who exhibited negative responses with a postoperative secretin test, have been completely cured from 3 months to 4 years postoperatively. The usefulness of the SASI test for preoperative evaluation is demonstrated by the fact that it gives a 100% positive predictability rate as well as a 100% negative predictability rate. Hence the SASI test precisely locates functioning gastrinomas.
Context-aware distributed multimedia provisioning based on anycast model towards Future Media Internet (2011)

The Future Internet is foreseen to fully handle multimedia services which have experienced an explosive growth in the recent years. Therefore, improving the scalability of these services is getting crucial. One common approach for this purpose is the deployment of multiple replicas of a server throughout the network. The resulting issue is to direct the user request to the best server. Methods based on application - layer anycast service constitute good means to (1) support the server's replication strategy and (2) process an appropriate server selection algorithm for the client request according to different metrics. This paper presents an efficient context-aware anycast multimedia provisioning scheme. In addition to the clients and servers nodes, the adopted architecture involves enhanced Service Registry (SR) nodes, in a distributed mode. SRs have two main roles: first, they collect and maintain the servers' contexts and their content description; second, they perform the mapping of the anycast address of the client request to the unicast address of the most convenient server based on both the client and servers contexts, including the underlying network conditions. The paper presents the evaluation of the proposed video provisioning scheme through intensive simulations. The promising results led to the launch of real developments to be undertaken in the framework of a large-scale European project ALICANTE which objective focuses on Future Media Internet.
Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Chronic Cortical Inflammation and Neuronal Dysfunction Mediated by Microglia (2021)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant neuropsychiatric problems and neurodegenerative pathologies, which develop and persist years after injury. Neuroinflammatory processes evolve over this same period. Therefore, we aimed to determine the contribution of microglia to neuropathology at acute [1 d postinjury (dpi)], subacute (7 dpi), and chronic (30 dpi) time points. Microglia were depleted with PLX5622, a CSF1R antagonist, before midline fluid percussion injury (FPI) in male mice and cortical neuropathology/inflammation was assessed using a neuropathology mRNA panel. Gene expression associated with inflammation and neuropathology were robustly increased acutely after injury (1 dpi) and the majority of this expression was microglia independent. At 7 and 30 dpi, however, microglial depletion reversed TBI-related expression of genes associated with inflammation, interferon signaling, and neuropathology. Myriad suppressed genes at subacute and chronic endpoints were attributed to neurons. To understand the relationship between microglia, neurons, and other glia, single-cell RNA sequencing was completed 7 dpi, a critical time point in the evolution from acute to chronic pathogenesis. Cortical microglia exhibited distinct TBI-associated clustering with increased type-1 interferon and neurodegenerative/damage-related genes. In cortical neurons, genes associated with dopamine signaling, long-term potentiation, calcium signaling, and synaptogenesis were suppressed. Microglial depletion reversed the majority of these neuronal alterations. Furthermore, there was reduced cortical dendritic complexity 7 dpi, reduced neuronal connectively 30 dpi, and cognitive impairment 30 dpi. All of these TBI-associated functional and behavioral impairments were prevented by microglial depletion. Collectively, these studies indicate that microglia promote persistent neuropathology and long-term functional impairments in neuronal homeostasis after TBI.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Millions of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur in the United States alone each year. Survivors face elevated rates of cognitive and psychiatric complications long after the inciting injury. Recent studies of human brain injury link chronic neuroinflammation to adverse neurologic outcomes, suggesting that evolving inflammatory processes may be an opportunity for intervention. Here, we eliminate microglia to compare the effects of diffuse TBI on neurons in the presence and absence of microglia and microglia-mediated inflammation. In the absence of microglia, neurons do not undergo TBI-induced changes in gene transcription or structure. Microglial elimination prevented TBI-induced cognitive changes 30 d postinjury (dpi). Therefore, microglia have a critical role in disrupting neuronal homeostasis after TBI, particularly at subacute and chronic timepoints.
Incidence of Atazanavir-associated Hyperbilirubinemia in Korean HIV Patients: 30 Months Follow-up Results in a Population with Low UDP-glucuronosyltransferase1A1*28 Allele Frequency (2010)

Hyperbilirubinemia is frequently observed in Caucasian HIV patients treated with atazanavir. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 polymorphism, UGT1A1*28, which is associated with atazanavir-induced hyperbilirubinemia, is less common in Asians than in Caucasians. However, little is known about the incidence of atazanavir-associated hyperbilirubinemia in Asian populations. Our objective was to investigate the incidence of and tolerability of atazanavir-associated hyperbilirubinemia in Korean HIV patients. The prevalence and cumulative incidence of atazanavir-associated hyperbilirubinemia and UGT1A1*28 allele frequency was investigated in 190 Korean HIV-infected patients treated with atazanavir 400 mg per day. The UGT1A1*28 were examined by direct sequencing of DNA from peripheral whole blood. The UGT1A1*28 allele frequency was 11%. The cumulative incidence of any grade of hyperbilirubinemia was 77%, 89%, 98%, and 100%, at 3, 12, 24, and 30 months, respectively. The cumulative incidence of severe (grade 3-4) hyperbilirubinemia was 21%, 41%, 66%, and 75%, at 3, 12, 24, and 30 months, respectively. However, the point prevalence of severe hyperbilirubinemia did not increase with time and remained around 25%. Our data suggest that atazanavir-associated hyperbilirubinemia is common but transient in a population with low UGT1A1*28 allele frequency.
Therapeutic potentials of pentoxifylline for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. (2004)

Pentoxifylline (PTXF), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been investigated for close to two decades because of its primary pharmacological actions on hemorheology and other anti-inflammatory effects. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PTXF in ischemic injury, peripheral vascular disease and heart failure. The present article is intended to emphasize the therapeutic potentials of PTXF in different types of cardiovascular diseases, focusing on the mechanisms of its pharmacological actions.
Integration of hybrid silicon lasers and electroabsorption modulators (2008)

We present an integration platform based on quantum well intermixing for multi-section hybrid silicon lasers and electroabsorption modulators. As a demonstration of the technology, we have fabricated discrete sampled grating DBR lasers and sampled grating DBR lasers integrated with InGaAsP/InP electroabsorption modulators. The integrated sampled grating DBR laser-modulators use the as-grown III-V bandgap for optical gain, a 50 nm blue shifted bandgap for the electrabosprtion modulators, and an 80 nm blue shifted bandgap for low loss mirrors. Laser continuous wave operation up to 45 ?C is achieved with output power >1.0 mW and threshold current of <50 mA. The modulator bandwidth is >2GHz with 5 dB DC extinction.
Biodistribution, radiation dose estimates, and in vivo Pgp modulation studies of 18F-paclitaxel in nonhuman primates. (2003)

Under Radioactive Drug Research Committee guidelines, 266 MBq (7.2 mCi) FPAC can be administered to humans up to 3 times a year. The increase in FPAC accumulation in liver and lung after XR9576 is consistent with Pgp inhibition and demonstrates the potential of FPAC to evaluate MDR.
An Application of the Naccache-Stern Knapsack Cryptosystem to Biometric Authentication (2007)

We focus on privacy concerns while dealing with biometrics authentication. Our aim is that no biometrics should be leaked during the authentication and that its storage should be secure. Namely, we want to be able to securely match two biometric templates by computing a Hamming distance in a secure way. We propose a new security model for applying biometrics to authentication purposes, and construct a new biometric authentication scheme by exploiting some interesting properties of a new version of the Naccache-Stern knapsack public key encryption system. Our scheme enjoys a number of appealing properties, especially, human users are not required to store any secret.
A method for cloud detection and opacity classification based on ground based sky imagery (2012)

Abstract. Digital images of the sky obtained using a total sky imager (TSI) are classified pixel by pixel into clear sky, optically thin and optically thick clouds. A new classification algorithm was developed that compares the pixel red-blue ratio (RBR) to the RBR of a clear sky library (CSL) generated from images captured on clear days. The difference, rather than the ratio, between pixel RBR and CSL RBR resulted in more accurate cloud classification. High correlation between TSI image RBR and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by an AERONET photometer was observed and motivated the addition of a haze correction factor (HCF) to the classification model to account for variations in AOD. Thresholds for clear and thick clouds were chosen based on a training image set and validated with set of manually annotated images. Misclassifications of clear and thick clouds into the opposite category were less than 1%. Thin clouds were classified with an accuracy of 60%. Accurate cloud detection and opacity classification techniques will improve the accuracy of short-term solar power forecasting.
An optimized algorithm for lossy compression of real-time data (2010)

The Swinging Door Trending algorithm and the Douglas-Peucker algorithm are both staple lossy compression algorithms. The former one is widely used in real-time database software of industry, while the latter one is more popular for spatial data processing. In this paper, these two algorithms are compared first to summarize their advantages and disadvantages. And then, an optimized lossy compression algorithm for real-time data as well as a variant of it under certain constraints is proposed with the strategy “searching the farthest feasible point”. The experimental results show that the new algorithm is better than the conventional Swinging Door Trending algorithm and Douglas-Peucker algorithm at compression rate, overall error, and efficiency.
Entity Linking for Queries by Searching Wikipedia Sentences (2017)

We present a simple yet effective approach for linking entities in queries. The key idea is to search sentences similar to a query from Wikipedia articles and directly use the human-annotated entities in the similar sentences as candidate entities for the query. Then, we employ a rich set of features, such as link-probability, contextmatching, word embeddings, and relatedness among candidate entities as well as their related entities, to rank the candidates under a regression based framework. The advantages of our approach lie in two aspects, which contribute to the ranking process and final linking result. First, it can greatly reduce the number of candidate entities by filtering out irrelevant entities with the words in the query. Second, we can obtain the query sensitive prior probability in addition to the static linkprobability derived from all Wikipedia articles. We conduct experiments on two benchmark datasets on entity linking for queries, namely the ERD14 dataset and the GERDAQ dataset. Experimental results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art systems and yields 75.0% in F1 on the ERD14 dataset and 56.9% on the GERDAQ dataset.
The UMC software environment for machine control system integration, configuration, and programming (1996)

This paper outlines the major advantages which accrue from using an "open" architecture approach to creating machine control systems. The approach known as the universal machine control (UMC) system was conceived to cover aspects of the design, configuration, and programming of machine control systems. The paper presents a comprehensive description of the structure and functional logic of the UMC run-time architecture. A brief overview of the UMC software support environment is also provided. UMC is conceived to make a valuable contribution in realising successful mechatronic solutions to manufacturing industry.
Whole Body Cellular and Collagen Nitrogen in Healthy and Wasted Man (1984)

The classical literature shows that wasting of body protein takes place mainly from the cellular compartment leaving high proportions of extracellular collagen. Whole body nitrogen ( WBN ) is proportional to whole body protein (cellular + extracellular) while whole body potassium ( WBK ) is almost entirely intracellular. WBK might be an adequate index of cellular wasting. WBN was measured by neutron activation and WBK by counting 40K in 29 healthy males and 131 male and female patients with wide ranges of body composition. Our wasted patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, had higher WBN / WBK ratios than matched healthy controls and the difference between the two groups was in the cellular ratio (23.6 mol of N/mol of K, 0.33 g of N/mmol of K, 3 mmol of K/g of N). A multiple regression model for all the subjects represented cellular nitrogen by a term in WBK and extracellular nitrogen by simple anthropometric measurements. The partial regression coefficient of WBN on WBK was 22.6 +/- 1.1 (SE) mol of N/mol of K; this was also similar to the cellular ratio. Our results were compatible with extracellular protein (mainly collagen, which is 35% of normal whole body protein) remaining resistant to wasting even when severe loss of cellular protein occurs. The high ratios of WBN / WBK in wasted patients can be explained by this disproportionate wasting of cellular substances and they do not imply alterations in the cellular N/K ratio. We suggested that the stable ratio of WBK to cellular protein makes it an effective index of cellular wasting. The resistance of collagen to wasting and the preponderance of extracellular mass in the fat-free mass of wasted subjects, make WBN and fat-free mass unreliable guides to the extent of wasting.
Redox switching and oxygen evolution at oxidized metal and metal oxide electrodes: iron in base (2011)

Outstanding issues regarding the film formation, redox switching characteristics and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic behaviour of multicycled iron oxyhydroxide films in aqueous alkaline solution have been revisited. The oxide is grown using a repetitive potential multicycling technique, and the mechanism of the latter hydrous oxide formation process has been discussed. A duplex layer model of the oxide/solution interphase region is proposed. The acid/base behaviour of the hydrous oxide and the microdispersed nature of the latter material has been emphasised. The hydrous oxide is considered as a porous assembly of interlinked octahedrally coordinated anionic metal oxyhydroxide surfaquo complexes which form an open network structure. The latter contains considerable quantities of water molecules which facilitate hydroxide ion discharge at the metal site during active oxygen evolution, and also charge compensating cations. The dynamics of redox switching has been quantified via analysis of the cyclic voltammetry response as a function of potential sweep rate using the Laviron-Aoki electron hopping diffusion model by analogy with redox polymer modified electrodes. Steady state Tafel plot analysis has been used to elucidate the kinetics and mechanism of oxygen evolution. Tafel slope values of ca. 60 mV dec(-1) and ca. 120 mV dec(-1) are found at low and high overpotentials respectively, whereas the reaction order with respect to hydroxide ion activity changes from ca. 3/2 to ca. 1 as the potential is increased. These observations are rationalised in terms of a kinetic scheme involving Temkin adsorption and the rate determining formation of a physisorbed hydrogen peroxide intermediate on the oxide surface. The dual Tafel slope behaviour is ascribed to the potential dependence of the surface coverage of adsorbed intermediates.
TRENDS IN THE IMPORTATION AND HANDLING OF IRON ORE (1973)

New ports and integrated transport systems require large sums of money, take a long time to plan and construct and are not easily altered. The further in advance any likely changes in materials, tonnages to be handled and handling systems are known, the greater the cost saving that can be made. This survey looks into the importation of iron ore through 1980 and some investigation of alternatives through 1990. Predictions based on future sales growth show that no major change is expected in the refinement of iron ores. Therefore, the present deepwater ports will be able to handle ore imports with present day gear and railways and slurry methods will not come into widespread use in the foreseeable future.
Multimode Cw Nd:YAG Laser Beam Transmission Through The Fiber Optic Delivery System (1986)

Measurements of the cw Nd:YAG laser power transmission /up to 90 W/ through the fiber optic delivery system employing several, different fibers and observations of thermally induced damages in tested fibers are reported.
Stable Amorphous Danazol Nanostructured Powders with Rapid Dissolution Rates Produced by Spray Freezing into Liquid (2004)

The objective of this study was to produce, by spray freezing into liquid (SFL) technology, high-potency, high glass transition temperature (Tg) danazol/polymer powders that remain amorphous and exhibit high dissolution rates after 6 months. Three polymers were investigated, including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-15, poloxamer 407, and PEG 8000. The physicochemical properties of SFL powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution, surface area analysis, moisture content, and dissolution rate. The influence of moisture content, drug potency, and excipient type on Tg of SFL powders was investigated using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC). XRD results indicated that danazol was amorphous for each added excipient. The surface area of danazol/PVP K-15 powders (89.8 m2/g) was higher than that of danazol/PEG 8000 (12.0 m2/g) and danazol/poloxamer 407 (5.49 m2/g). The SFL powders with the various excipient types exhibited similar and significantly enhanced dissolution rates relative to micronized bulk danazol. As the potency of danazol in the SFL danazol/PVP K-15 powders was increased from 33% to 91%, the Tg decreased from 126 degrees C to 104 degrees C. The SFL powders, which were packaged in sealed 30-mL glass vials with a desiccant, were physically stable when stored at 25 degrees C for 6 months, based on dissolution rates and mDSC and XRD measurements. SFL danazol/PVP K-15 powders with high surface areas and high glass transition temperatures remain amorphous and exhibit rapid dissolution rates after 6 months' storage.
Measurement of cyanocobalamin in serum by a specific radioimmunoassay. (1984)

Antiserum to cobalamin was raised in rabbits by immunization with the monocarboxyl derivative of cyanocobalamin coupled to albumin. The antiserum was treated to remove transcobalamin II and transcobalamin I. The partially purified antibody bound free cyano[57Co]cobalamin, but not the vitamin precoupled to the transcobalamins. Cyano[57Co]cobalamin bound by the antiserum eluted from Sephadex G-200 as a single peak with a mol wt of 160,000 and was precipitated by goat anti-rabbit gamma globulin, indicating that the vitamin was bound to an IgG immunoglobulin. Unlabeled cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin competitively inhibited the binding of cyano[57Co]cobalamin to this antibody. Neither adenosylcobalamin, in a similar concentration range, nor cyanocobinamide at a concentration 30-fold greater than the tracer cobalamin competed appreciably with the binding of cyano[57Co] cobalamin. The association constant for the interaction of the antibody with cyanocobalamin and cyanocobinamide was estimated to be 8.6 X 10(9) and 9.6 X 10(6) L/mol, respectively. The association constant for adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, and hydroxocobalamin was indirectly determined, and values of 2.5 X 10(5), 1.7 X 10(9), and 2.3 X 10(9) L/mol, respectively, were obtained. Photolysis in the presence of potassium cyanide rendered each of the three cobalamins equivalent to cyanocobalamin in immunoreactivity. The mean concentration of cobalamin in normal human sera and cobalamin-deficient sera measured as cyanocobalamin by radioimmunoassay using this anticobalamin antibody was significantly lower than the concentration measured in the same extracts by competitive ligand-binding radioassays using intrinsic factor and transcobalamin I. These findings, although indirect, support the proposition that there may be factor(s) in normal and cobalamin-deficient sera that falsely elevate the concentration of true cobalamin if the radioassay uses R protein as the binder. However, the lower concentration of serum cobalamin measured by radioimmunoassay compared with the intrinsic factor radioassay also indicates that this "purported" factor(s) reacts to some extent with intrinsic factor but not with the cobalamin antibody.
Mitochondrial alterations induced by aspirin in rat hepatocytes expressing mitochondrially targeted green fluorescent protein (mtGFP) (1996)

Mitochondria in primary living hepatocytes were visualized in cells transfected with a chimeric plasmid encoding for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria engineered to be specifically targeted to mitochondria, as described recently (Rizutto et al. (1995) Curr. Biol. 5, 635-642). The identification of the fluorescent organelles as authentic mitochondria was confirmed by double labeling with rhodamine 123. Acetylsalicylate treatment of hepatocytes induced in mitochondria typical morphological alterations closely analogous to the swelling promoted by acetylsalicylate in isolated mitochondria. Cyclosporin A, which in isolated mitochondria prevents the changes induced by acetylsalicylate, had no protective action but induced per se specific alterations in the morphology of mitochondria. Moreover, exposure of hepatocytes to cyclosporin A followed by acetylsalicylate caused the same mitochondrial changes induced by each of the two compounds separately. The structural alterations caused by acetylsalicylate were constantly associated with a decrease in mitochondrial urea synthesis and cell viability.