gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nelfinavir monotherapy increases naive T-cell numbers in HIV-negative healthy young adults (2007)

Although patients treated with HIV protease inhibitor (PI) containing regimens manifest increases in naïve T cell number, it is unclear whether this is due to reduction in viral replication or a direct drug effect. We questioned whether Nelfinavir monotherapy directly impacted naïve T-cell number in HIV-negative individuals. HIV-negative volunteers received Nelfinavir, 1250 mg orally, BID for 3 weeks, and T-cell receptor recombination excision circles (TREC) content in peripheral blood were assessed. Whereas TREC copies did not change over 3 weeks in untreated controls, TREC copies/copies CCR5 increased following Nelfinavir monotherapy in 8 patients (p < 0.02), and did not change in 7 patients (p = NS). Those patients who responded were younger than those who did not with a median age of 55 years for responders and 71 years for non-responders (p < 0.03). The increase in TREC was most pronounced in those patients less than 40-years old (p < 0.01). Moreover, the patients who did not increase TREC levels were more likely to have suffered a medical illness previously shown to reduce thymic function. In HIV-negative patients, monotherapy with the HIV PI Nelfinavir for 21 days increases TREC-positive naïve T cell number, particularly in individuals who are healthy and young.
Novel DOTA-Neurotensin Analogues for <sup>111</sup>In Scintigraphy and <sup>68</sup>Ga PET Imaging of Neurotensin Receptor-Positive Tumors (2011)

Overexpression of the high affinity neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), demonstrated in several human cancers, has been proposed as a new marker for human ductal pancreatic carcinoma and as an independent factor for poor prognosis for ductal breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The aim of the present study was to develop new DOTA-neurotensin analogues for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with (68)Ga and for targeted radiotherapy with (90)Y or (177)Lu. We synthesized a DOTA-neurotensin analogue series. Two of these peptides bear two sequence modifications for metabolic stability: DOTA-NT-20.3 shares the same peptide sequence as the previously described DTPA-NT-20.3. In the sequence of DOTA-NT-20.4, the Arg(8)-Arg(9) bond was N-methylated instead of the Pro(7)-Arg(8) bond in DOTA-NT-20.3. An additional sequence modification was introduced in DOTA-LB119 to increase stability. A spacer was added between DOTA and the peptide sequence to increase affinity. Binding to HT29 cells, which express NTSR1, in vivo stability, and biodistribution of the various analogues were compared, and the best candidate was used to image tumors of various sizes with the microPET in mice. (111)In-DOTA-NT-20.3, in spite of a relatively high uptake in kidneys, showed specific tumor uptake and elevated tumor to other organ uptake ratios. High contrast images were obtained at early time points after injection that allowed tumor detection at a time interval postinjection appropriate for imaging with the short-lived radionuclide (68)Ga. (111)In-DOTA-NT-20.4 displayed inferior binding to HT29 cells and reduced tumor uptake. (111)In-DOTA-LB119 displayed at early time points a significantly lower renal uptake but also a lower tumor uptake than (111)In-DOTA-NT-20.3, although binding to HT29 cells was similar. (68)Ga-DOTA-NT-20.3 displayed higher tumor uptake than (68)Ga-DOTA-LB119 and allowed the detection of very small tumors by PET. In conclusion, DOTA-NT-20.3 is a promising candidate for (68)Ga-PET imaging of neurotensin receptor-positive tumors. DOTA-NT-20.3 may also be considered for therapy, as the yttrium-labeled peptide has higher affinity than that of the indium-labeled one. A prerequisite for therapeutic application of this neurotensin analogue would be to lower kidney uptake, for example, by infusion of basic amino acids, gelofusin, or albumin fragments, to prevent nephrotoxicity, as with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues.
Global Institutional Clashes: Economic versus Environmental Regimes (2002)

SUMMARY Most globalization scholars identify negative consequences for the environment in the neo-liberal orientation in current economic globalization processes. But at the same time, we can witness constant efforts at the supra-national level to institutionalize environmental interests and considerations in new institutions, arrangements and regimes. Many of the multilateral environmental arrangements give evidence of such developments. This paper aims to analyze the nature, substance and place of institutional clashes that take place between these emerging environmental institutions and the more established economic institutions linked to liberalization of trade and investment. The paper finds that (i) current globalization processes cannot be defined as giving only leeway to capital without taking care of the environment, (ii) the clashes between the economic and environmental institutions are more than only a clash between economic priorities versus environmental interests, and (iii) the pacification...
Genetic Ablation of HLA Class I, Class II, and the T-cell Receptor Enables Allogeneic T Cells to Be Used for Adoptive T-cell Therapy (2020)

Adoptive immunotherapy can induce sustained therapeutic effects in some cancers. Antitumor T-cell grafts are often individually prepared <i>in vitro</i> from autologous T cells, which requires an intensive workload and increased costs. The quality of the generated T cells can also be variable, which affects the therapy's antitumor efficacy and toxicity. Standardized production of antitumor T-cell grafts from third-party donors will enable widespread use of this modality if allogeneic T-cell responses are effectively controlled. Here, we generated HLA class I, HLA class II, and T-cell receptor (TCR) triple-knockout (tKO) T cells by simultaneous knockout of the <i>B2M, CIITA</i>, and <i>TRAC</i> genes through Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein electroporation. Although HLA-deficient T cells were targeted by natural killer cells, they persisted better than HLA-sufficient T cells in the presence of allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in immunodeficient mice. When transduced with a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and stimulated by tumor cells, tKO CAR-T cells persisted better when cultured with allogeneic PBMCs compared with <i>TRAC</i> and <i>B2M</i> double-knockout T cells. The CD19 tKO CAR-T cells did not induce graft-versus-host disease but retained antitumor responses. These results demonstrated the benefit of HLA class I, HLA class II, and TCR deletion in enabling allogeneic-sourced T cells to be used for off-the-shelf adoptive immunotherapy.
Basic demonstrations in diffractive and Fourier optics: use your eye as a Fourier transformer (1997)

In this paper some setups are described for demonstrating the basics of diffractive and/or Fourier optics. It is first shown that the eye in fact can be used as a Fourier transformer: this makes the setups extremely simple. When using one extra lens, a 4-f processor can be built, by which such properties as, e.g., filtering can be demonstrated.
Uses of Augmented reality for urban utilities management (2019)

Augmented reality (AR) is based on supplementing the view of the physical world with a computer-generated content such as text, images videos, sound, 3D objects etc. The proliferation of smart mobile devices and their high computational capabilities combined with the possibility of GIS 3D visualization and interaction have enabled new kinds of mobile applications. AR is considered as an efficient technology for the underground utilities management. Damages to underground utility lines are considered as one of the major urban problems because incidents caused by unsafe digging practices can compromise community safety and disconnect people from vital services. A prospective study was conducted to identify examples and characteristics of each type of augmented reality. This paper summarizes researches about the types of AR and discuss how this technology could help in underground utilities repairing and maintenance. We present a new mobile location based augmented reality system using smart device sensors and the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) satellite navigation technology of ORPHEON network for the location accuracy. This system enables GIS data visualization to help field workers in outdoor maintenance of underground infrastructures.
Programmable higher-order biofabrication of self-locking microencapsulation (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel microcapsules offer great potential in a wide variety of biomedical and tissue engineering applications for their promising biodegradability and customizable geometry. Although recent advances in microfluidics and electrospray techniques have achieved high-throughput production of droplet microcapsules, they are still faced with the intractable challenge of obtaining programmable shape-engineered microcapsules with complex spatial architecture. Herein, a programmable light-induced biofabrication strategy is proposed to construct higher-order microcapsule architectures by developing a microencapsulation microchip. Such a method not only enables one to prepare various 2D Ca-alginate hydrogel sheets with well-tailored shapes and sizes, but also forms 3D perfectly matched microcapsule components by taking advantage of shrinkage and swelling phenomena. The proposed biofabrication method overcomes the drawback of conventional monotonous microencapsulation and allows us to fabricate sophisticated microcapsules with higher-order and biomimicking joints, such as a self-locking architecture. It can provide wide applications in biomedicine and would offer many unprecedented possibilities of artificial tissue engineering.
Synthesis of CuInS<sub>2</sub>, CuInSe<sub>2</sub>, and Cu(In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)Se<sub>2</sub>(CIGS) Nanocrystal “Inks” for Printable Photovoltaics (2008)

Chalcopyrite copper indium sulfide (CuInS2) and copper indium gallium selenide (Cu(InxGa(1-x))-Se2; CIGS) nanocrystals ranging from approximately 5 to approximately 25 nm in diameter were synthesized by arrested precipitation in solution. The In/Ga ratio in the CIGS nanocrystals could be controlled by varying the In/Ga reactant ratio in the reaction, and the optical properties of the CulnS2 and CIGS nanocrystals correspond to those of the respective bulk materials. Using methods developed to produce uniform, crack-free micrometer-thick films, CulnSe2 nanocrystals were tested in prototype photovoltaic devices. As a proof-of-concept, the nanocrystal-based devices exhibited a reproducible photovoltaic response.
A fully-autonomous aerial robotic solution for the 2016 International Micro Air Vehicle competition (2017)

In this paper, a fully-autonomous quadrotor aerial robot for solving the different missions proposed in the 2016 International Micro Air Vehicle (IMAV) Indoor Competition is presented. The missions proposed in the IMAV 2016 competition involve the execution of high-level missions such as entering and exiting a building, exploring an unknown indoor environment, recognizing and interacting with objects, landing autonomously on a moving platform, etc. For solving the aforementioned missions, a fully-autonomous quadrotor aerial robot has been designed, based on a complete hardware configuration and a versatile software architecture, which allows the aerial robot to complete all the missions in a fully autonomous and consecutive manner. A thorough evaluation of the proposed system has been carried out in both simulated flights, using the Gazebo simulator in combination with PX4 Software-In-The-Loop, and real flights, demonstrating the appropriate capabilities of the proposed system for performing high-level missions and its flexibility for being adapted to a wide variety of applications.
Ultra-low power circuit techniques for a new class of sub-mm<sup>3</sup> sensor nodes (2010)

Bell's Law predicts continual reductions in the size of computing systems. We investigate the status of the next paradigm shift that will usher in ubiquitous computing - sub-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> sensor nodes. However, this form factor remains beyond the capabilities of modern integrated circuit design techniques due to battery size. This paper describes new ultra-low power circuit techniques applied to digital processors, memory, power management, and a special focus on standby mode operation, that will bring mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> sensor nodes to reality.
Heat Treating of Titanium and Titanium Alloys (2016)

Abstract This article provides a detailed discussion on heat treatment of titanium alloys such as alpha alloys, alpha-beta alloys, and beta and near-beta alloys. Common processes include stress-relief, annealing, solution treating, aging, quenching, and age hardening. It provides information on the effects of alloying elements on alpha/beta transformation. The article also discusses the heat treating procedures, and the furnaces used for heat treating titanium and titanium alloys.
Structural and Theoretical Investigations of 3,4,5-Triamino-1,2,4-Triazolium Salts (2005)

Reactions using the high nitrogen heterocycle 3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole (guanazine) with strong acids (HNO3, HClO4, and “HN(NO2)2”) resulted in a family of highly stable salts. All of the salts were characterized using spectroscopic as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The X-ray structures were compared to that obtained from theoretical calculations (MP2/6-311+G(d, p) level). Initial safety testing (impact, friction) was carried out on all of the new materials.
Genetic transfer and expression of reconstructed yeast artificial chromosomes containing normal and translocated BCL2 proto-oncogenes. (1993)

The goal of this study was to determine whether it will be feasible to study the expression of a large, human gene, such as the BCL2 proto-oncogene, by DNA transfection. The BCL2 proto-oncogene is 230 kb in size and is deregulated in tumor cells by translocation into the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) containing the human BCL2 gene were altered by homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to yield replicas of the normal and translocated alleles. Constructions containing either allele and ranging in size from 360 to 800 kb were integrated stably into a mouse tumor line. Fifty-eight percent of the clones contained a copy of the entire YAC insert. Over 50% of these clones expressed appropriate levels of human BCL2 RNA and protein. These studies suggested that the expression of large human genes and their pathologic rearrangements can be studied by transfection techniques employing YACs propagated in S. cerevisiae.
17β-Estradiol Prevents Blood-brain Barrier Disruption Induced by VEGF (2004)

We performed this study to determine how pretreatment of the ovariectomized rats with 17beta-estradiol could affect blood-brain barrier disruption caused by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an important mediator of vascular permeability. Ovariectomized female rats aged twelve to fourteen weeks were used in the study. A 500 micro g 17beta-estradiol 21-day release pellet was implanted in the 17beta-estradiol group, and a vehicle pellet was implanted in the control group 21 days before the experiments. We performed three craniotomies under isoflurane anesthesia to expose cerebral cortices. Normal saline, 10 (- 10)M and 10 (- 9)M VEGF patches were applied on each hole for 30 min. The transfer coefficient (Ki) of (14)C-alpha-amino isobutyric acid and volume of (3)H-dextran (70,000 dalton) distribution were determined to measure the degree of BBB disruption. Ki was increased by 108 % and 138 % with 10 (- 10)M and 10 (- 9)M VEGF respectively after VEGF application in the control group (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant increase in the Ki with the VEGF application in the 17beta-estradiol group, and their values were significantly lower than the corresponding data of the control group (10 (- 10)M: - 55 %, 10 (- 9)M: - 52 %, p <0.05). The volume of dextran distribution in the control group increased by 47 % with VEGF 10 (- 9)M (p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant change in the volume of dextran distribution with VEGF application in the 17beta-estradiol group and the volume was lower than the corresponding volume of the vehicle-treated control group (10 (- 10)M: - 34 %, 10 (- 9)M: -32 %, p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that chronic 17beta-estradiol treatment prevented BBB disruption induced by the VEGF in the ovariectomized rats.
Determination of surface polarity of c-axis oriented ZnO films by coaxial impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy (1998)

We have identified the surface polar structure of wurtzite-type ZnO films by coaxial impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy. High-quality ZnO epitaxial films were prepared on sapphire (α-Al2O3) (0001) substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy using a ZnO ceramic target. The (0001̄) crystallographic plane (the O face) was found to terminate the top surface of the ZnO film by comparing spectra of the films with those of well-defined (0001) and (0001̄) surfaces of bulk single crystals. The preferential [0001̄] growth direction of ZnO films is discussed from the viewpoints of the chemical interaction at the interface and surface stability against sublimation.
Multiclass Language Identification using Deep Learning on Spectral Images of Audio Signals (2019)

The first step in any voice recognition software is to determine what language a speaker is using, and ideally this process would be automated. The technique described in this paper, language identification for audio spectrograms (LIFAS), uses spectrograms generated from audio signals as inputs to a convolutional neural network (CNN) to be used for language identification. LIFAS requires minimal pre-processing on the audio signals as the spectrograms are generated during each batch as they are input to the network during training. LIFAS utilizes deep learning tools that are shown to be successful on image processing tasks and applies it to audio signal classification. LIFAS performs binary language classification with an accuracy of 97\%, and multi-class classification with six languages at an accuracy of 89\% on 3.75 second audio clips.
The effect of hydrogen plasma on the properties of a-Si:H/a-Si<sub>1-x</sub>N<sub>x</sub>:H superlattices (1988)

Abstract A hydrogen plasma introduced during the interrupting interval when alternating two gases affects the properties of a-Si:H/a-Si1-xNx:H superlattices resulting in the creation of fewer interface defects than the superlattices prepared without the hydrogen plasma.
A Multi-Head Clustering Algorithm in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2013)

Clustering is an important research topic in wireless networks, because cluster structures can facilitate resource reuse and increase system capacity. In this paper, we present a new clustering algorithm that considers both node position and node mobility in vehicular ad hoc environments. The proposed algorithm intends to create stable clusters by reducing reclustering overhead, prolonging cluster lifetime, and shortening the average distance between cluster heads and their cluster members. Most important, this algorithm supports single and multiple cluster heads. Simulation results show the superiority of our clustering algorithm over the other three well-known algorithms.
EDB Fibronectin Specific Peptide for Prostate Cancer Targeting (2015)

Extradomain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN), one of the oncofetal fibronectin (onfFN) isoforms, is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein that mediates cell adhesion and migration. The expression of EDB-FN is associated with a number of cancer-related biological processes such as tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we report the development of a small peptide specific to EDB-FN for targeting prostate cancer. A cyclic nonapeptide, CTVRTSADC (ZD2), was identified using peptide phage display. A ZD2-Cy5 conjugate was synthesized to accomplish molecular imaging of prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. ZD2-Cy5 demonstrated effective binding to up-regulated EDB-FN secreted by TGF-β-induced PC3 cancer cells following EMT. Following intravenous injections, the targeted fluorescent probe specifically bound to and delineated PC3-GFP prostate tumors in nude mice bearing the tumor xenografts. ZD2-Cy5 also showed stronger binding to human prostate tumor specimens with a higher Gleason score (GS9) compared to those with a lower score (GS 7), with no binding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Thus, the ZD2 peptide is a promising strategy for molecular imaging and targeted therapy of prostate cancer.
Effects of channel-estimation errors on receiver selection-combining schemes for Alamouti MIMO systems with BPSK (2006)

The bit-error rate (BER) of binary phase-shift keying in Rayleigh fading, using the Alamouti transmission scheme and receiver selection diversity in the presence of channel-estimation error, is studied. Closed-form expressions for the BER of log-likelihood ratio selection, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) selection, switch-and-stay combining selection, and maximum ratio combining are derived in terms of the SNR and the cross-correlation coefficient of the channel gain and its corrupted estimate. Two new selection schemes, space-time sum-of-squares combining selection diversity and space-time sum-of-magnitudes selection diversity, are proposed and proven to provide almost the same performance as SNR selection, but with much simpler implementations. The effects of channel-estimation errors on each selection scheme are examined.
A 17 tesla superconducting magnet with multifilamentary superconductors (1987)

We constructed a superconducting magnet with an inner diameter of 110mm, outside diameter of 720mm, and 750mm in height, wound from multifilamentary superconductors using a react-and-wind method in the Research Institute of Superconducting Magnet [RISM] of Kyushu University. While we succeeded in energizing this magnet up to 16.2 tesla and 6.3MJ at 4.2K without a quench early this year, we further fabricated an insert booster magnet to get a higher magnetic field. This insert booster magnet was wound from a Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn(+Ti) conductor in a wind-and-react method, because the dimensions were only 34mm for inner bore, 98mm for outerside dimameter and 192mm in height. When this magnet was installed in the above-mentioned magnet, the whole magnet produced 17.1 tesla at 4.2K without quenching, which is a new record as a magnet made of multifilamentary conductors.
Comparison of self‐gated cine MRI retrospective cardiac synchronization algorithms (2008)

Template matching and polynomial fitting improved the accuracy of cardiac cycle synchronization for two-, three-, and four-chamber scans; improvements in SG synchronization accuracy were reflected in improvements in analytical image quality. Implementation of robust postprocessing algorithms may bring SG approaches closer to clinical utilization.