gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High efficiency silicon nitride surface grating couplers (2008)

High efficiency surface grating couplers for silicon nitride waveguides have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. Coupling efficiencies exceeding 60 % are reported at a wavelength of 1.31 mum, as well as angular and wavelength -3 dB tolerances of 4 degrees and 50 nm, respectively. When the wavelength is increased from 1310 nm to 1450 nm the coupling efficiency progressively decreases but remains above 20 % at 1450 nm. The influence of the duty ratio of the grating has also been investigated: maximum coupling efficiency was obtained at 50 % duty ratio.
Novel gene delivery systems (2013)

Gene therapy is an emerging field in medical and pharmaceutical sciences because of its potential in treating chronic diseases like cancer, viral infections, myocardial infarctions, and genetic disorders. Application of gene therapy is limited because of lack of suitable methods for proper introduction of genes into cells and therefore, this is an area of interest for most of the researchers. To achieve successful gene therapy, development of proper gene delivery systems could be one of the most important factors. Several nonviral and viral gene transfer methods have been developed. Even though the viral agents have a high transferring efficiency, they are difficult to handle due to their toxicity. To overcome the safety problems of the viral counterpart, several nonviral in vitro and in vivo gene delivery systems are developed. Out of these, the most promising and latest systems include polymer-based nonviral gene carriers, dendrimers, and physical means like electroporation, microinjection, etc., Shunning of possible immunogenicity and toxicity, and the feasibility of repeated administration are some of the merits of nonviral gene delivery systems over viral gene delivery. An ideal nonviral gene carrying system should possess all these merits without any compromise to its gene transferring efficiency. The viral gene delivery systems include lytic and nonlytic vectors for drug delivery. Inspite of its toxicity they are still preferred because of their long term expression, stability, and integrity. This review explores the recent developments and relevancy of the novel gene delivery systems in gene therapy.
On-line Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Systems (2017)

Outside ideal laboratory conditions, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is prone to systematic measurement deviations. The deviations coming from the cell itself are analyzed with respect to the excitation amplitude and an equation is derived with which the deviation can be determined before the measurement is taken. A new method to compensate for drift in the voltage response is presented in the frequency-domain. Switched-mode power electronic converters which could provide the excitation current for an on-line electrochemical impedance spectroscopy cause, at the same time, harmonics and distortions in the measurement. A distortion-free measurement frequency grid is developed and proposed to avoid these distortions.
Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of Mn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>3-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Powders (2013)

<TEX>$Mn_xFe_{3-x}O_4$</TEX> powders have been fabricated by using sol-gel methods; their crystallographic and magnetic properties were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, M<TEX>$\ddot{o}$</TEX>ssbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The <TEX>$Mn_xFe_{3-x}O_4$</TEX> ferrite powders annealed at <TEX>$500^{\circ}C$</TEX> had a single spinel structure regardless of the <TEX>$Mn^{2+}$</TEX>-doping amount and their lattice constants became larger as the <TEX>$Mn^{2+}$</TEX> concentration was increased. Their Mossbauer spectra measured at room temperature were fitted with 2 Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of Fe ions, which made them ferrimagnetic. The magnetic behavior of <TEX>$Mn_xFe_{3-x}O_4$</TEX> powders showed that the <TEX>$Mn^{2+}$</TEX>-doping amount made their saturation magnetization increase, but there were no severe effects on their coercivities. The saturation magnetization of the <TEX>$Mn_xFe_{3-x}O_4$</TEX> powder varied from 38 emu/g to 70.0 emu/g and their minimum coercivity was 111.1 Oe.
A comparative study of danazol and norethisterone in dysfunctional uterine bleeding presenting as menorrhagia (1991)

This randomized open study compared the efficacy and safety of norethisterone, 5 mg three times a day from day 19 to 26, and danazol, 200 mg daily, in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding presenting as menorrhagia. Clinical criteria were employed to confirm the diagnosis, and subjective assessment of the condition was performed during one pre-treatment and three treatment cycles. Fourteen patients commenced norethisterone and 10 danazol. Bleeding intensity scores were significantly lower with danazol than with norethisterone, and patients assessed their blood loss to be significantly less with danazol than with norethisterone. Associated symptoms of backache and abdominal pain were improved to a similar degree by both treatments. Adverse reactions were reported with similar frequency and were of a similar nature in both treatment groups.
Generation of 12 fs deep-ultraviolet pulses by four-wave mixing through filamentation in neon gas (2007)

Generation of deep-ultraviolet femtosecond pulses by four-wave mixing through filamentation in neon gas was demonstrated. Fundamental (omega) and second-harmonic (2omega) pulses of 25 fs Ti:sapphire amplifier output were focused into neon gas, and 20 microJ pulses with the center wavelength of 260 nm were produced by a four-wave mixing process, 2omega+2omega-omega?3omega through an ~15 cm filament. Additionally, pulses with an energy of 2 microJ at 200 nm were generated, probably by a cascaded process, 3omega+2omega-omega?4omega. The 260 nm pulses were compressed by a grating-based compressor and characterized by a dispersion-free transient grating frequency-resolved optical gating. The estimated pulse width was 12 fs.
Problems and solutions for refitting a sensor network with IEEE1588 clock synchronisation (2014)

Nowadays, multiple sensor nodes are often incorporated into technical solutions forming distributed sensor systems. Herein, advanced detection mechanisms are often realised by using data from multiple sensors in such a network. However, sometimes active sensors - like Time-Of-Flight cameras - interfere with each other. To solve this problem and assist in data correlation, a clock synchronisation method, like IEEE1588, can be adapted. Although, if the sensor nodes have not been developed with this in mind they have to be refitted. An optimal refit of a system is the one that needs the least modifications necessary to achieve the desired goal. This paper lists the impact - in terms of jitter and asymmetry - that different components of a system have on IEEE1588 synchronisation precision and methods to eliminate or alleviate jitter and asymmetry sources in order to enable respective sensor fusion.
A new soft switching technique for buck, boost and buck-boost converters (2003)

A new soft switching technique for buck, boost and buck-boost converters using a coupled inductor is proposed in this paper. The principles of operation of these converters are analyzed in detail. An additional winding is added on the same core of the main inductor for the purpose of commutation. By using hysteresis current control, zero voltage switching (ZVS) conditions are ensured over wide load range. The main inductor current is kept in continuous conduction mode (CCM) with small ripple, which allows high output power and small filter parameters. Also, the switching frequency is kept constant when load changes. Prototypes of buck, boost, and buck-boost converters have been built to verify the proposed concept. The experimental results are presented and they verify the analysis.
Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on a low-index polymer optical fiber (2018)

A highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in a side-polished low-index polymer optical fiber is proposed for biosensing. Benefitting from the low refractive index of the fiber core, the sensitivity of the device can reach ~44567 nm/RIU theoretically for aqueous solutions, at the expense of a lowered upper detection limit that is down to ~1.340. The sensor is fabricated by coating 55-nm-thick Au-film on the polished surface of a graded-index perfluorinated polymer optical fiber. Results show that the sensor exhibits a sensitivity of ~22779 nm/RIU at 1.335 with a figure of merit of 61.2. When employed for glucose sensing, the sensor presents an averaged sensitivity of 24.50 nm/wt%, or 0.46 nm/mM. This device is expected to have potential applications in cost-effective bio- and chemical-sensing.
An Early Resource Characterization of Deep Learning on Wearables, Smartphones and Internet-of-Things Devices (2015)

Detecting and reacting to user behavior and ambient context are core elements of many emerging mobile sensing and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. However, extracting accurate inferences from raw sensor data is challenging within the noisy and complex environments where these systems are deployed. Deep Learning -- is one of the most promising approaches for overcoming this challenge, and achieving more robust and reliable inference. Techniques developed within this rapidly evolving area of machine learning are now state-of-the-art for many inference tasks (such as, audio sensing and computer vision) commonly needed by IoT and wearable applications. But currently deep learning algorithms are seldom used in mobile/IoT class hardware because they often impose debilitating levels of system overhead (e.g., memory, computation and energy). Efforts to address this barrier to deep learning adoption are slowed by our lack of a systematic understanding of how these algorithms behave at inference time on resource constrained hardware. In this paper, we present the first -- albeit preliminary -- measurement study of common deep learning models (such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Neural Networks) on representative mobile and embedded platforms. The aim of this investigation is to begin to build knowledge of the performance characteristics, resource requirements and the execution bottlenecks for deep learning models when being used to recognize categories of behavior and context. The results and insights of this study, lay an empirical foundation for the development of optimization methods and execution environments that enable deep learning to be more readily integrated into next-generation IoT, smartphones and wearable systems.
A Stochastic Framework for the Identification of Building Rooftops Using a Single Remote Sensing Image (2007)

The identification of building rooftops from a single image, without the use of auxiliary 3-D information like stereo pairs or digital elevation models, is a very challenging and difficult task in the area of remote sensing. The existing methodologies rarely tackle the problem of 3-D object identification, like buildings, from a purely stochastic viewpoint. Our approach is based on a stochastic image interpretation model, which combines both 2-D and 3-D contextual information of the imaged scene. Building rooftop hypotheses are extracted using a contour-based grouping hierarchy that emanates from the principles of perceptual organization. We use a Markov random field model to describe the dependencies between all available hypotheses with regard to a globally consistent interpretation. The hypothesis verification step is treated as a stochastic optimization process that operates on the whole grouping hierarchy to find the globally optimal configuration for the locally interacting grouping hypotheses, providing also an estimate of the height of each extracted rooftop. This paper describes the main principles of our method and presents building detection results on a set of synthetic and airborne images.
Collision Performance of Automotive Door Systems (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Historically, most safety related improvements to door systems have involved retention of occupants within the vehicle. However, such improvements have not been without some safety trade-offs. The recent update to FMVSS 214 (Side Impact Protection) has focused attention on increased occupant protection in side impacts. The standard essentially increases vehicle side strength requirements in order to reduce intrusion into the occupant space. The safety consequences associated with strengthening vehicle side structure will be evaluated with respect to various impact configurations. Energy management considerations of current as well as conceptual door systems during a collision will also be discussed. Individual latch and hinge component testing as currently required by FMVSS 206 does not completely evaluate the collision performance of the door as a system. From field collision evaluation, it has been seen that doors and surrounding side structure must act as a system to efficiently manage collision forces and distribute occupant loads. Procedures for evaluating current and future door systems by means of revised laboratory testing procedures will be evaluated.</div>
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Outcomes in Ischemic Patients Treated with Endovascular Treatment (2020)

Abstract Background The occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is associated with poor outcomes after ischemic stroke, and the inflammatory response can be significantly attenuated by successful reperfusion, while the SIRS in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke (ALVOS) who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the occurrence rate, predictors, and clinical outcomes of SIRS in patients with ALVOS after EVT. Methods We retrospectively collected EVT data of patients with ALVOS from July 2014 to August 2019 in our center. SIRS in the absence of infection was defined as the presence of ≥2 of the following: (1) heart rate >90 (2) body temperature >38°C or <36°C, (3) white blood cells >12 000/mm or <4000/mm or >10% bands for >24 h or (4) respiratory rate >20. Favorable outcome was defined as obtaining a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2. Results Among the 262 patients who received EVT, 92 (35.1%) developed SIRS, 88 (95.7%) of whom developed SIRS in the first two days after EVT. Patients who developed SIRS had a reduced favorable outcome (OR, 4.112 [95% CI, 1.705–9.920]; P=0.002) and higher mortality (OR, 25.236 [95% CI, 8.578–74.835]; P<0.001) at 90 days. Greater SIRS burden was positively correlated with NIHSS scores at discharge and mRS scores at 90 days (r=0.249, P=0.017; r=0.230, P=0.027). The development of SIRS in patients with ALOVS who underwent EVT was associated with neutrophilic leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, higher admission NIHSS scores, and worse collateral circulation. Conclusions Patients with SIRS had higher odds of poor functional outcomes and higher mortality at 90 days in the EVT-treatment setting. The severity of the inflammatory response was positively correlated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Clinically relevant associations with SIRS were neutrophilic leukocytosis, hyperglycemia and baseline stroke severity, but favorable collateral circulation was a protective factor against SIRS.
Plasmonic near-field probe using the combination of concentric rings and conical tip under radial polarization illumination (2010)

We numerically study a plasmonic near-field probe design that integrates a sharp metallic conical tip at the center of a multiple concentric ring plasmonic lens under radially polarized illumination. Due to the symmetry match between the plasmonic structure and the illumination polarization, surface plasmon waves can be efficiently excited and focused by the annular ring structure towards the conical tip at the center. The metallic tip further localizes and enhances the plasmonic field at the tip apex. With a 5 µm tip height and 5 nm tip radius, spatial resolution with the full width at half-maximum of 5.97 nm and electric energy enhancement of 7.29 × 104 can be achieved with 632.8 nm optical excitation. The enhancement factor of this probe design does not strongly depend on the tip cone angle and the excitation wavelength. The strong local field enhancement at the end of the tip and its less stringent fabrication requirements make this probe design very attractive for a broad range of applications in near-field optical imaging.
Asiatic Acid and Corosolic Acid Enhance the Susceptibility of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms to Tobramycin (2007)

Asiatic acid and corosolic acid are two natural products identified as biofilm inhibitors in a biofilm inhibition assay. We evaluated the activities of these two compounds on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown in rotating disk reactors (RDRs) in combination with tobramycin and ciprofloxacin. To determine the ruggedness of our systems, the antibiotic susceptibilities of these biofilms were assessed with tobramycin and ciprofloxacin. The biofilm bacteria produced in the RDR were shown to display remarkable tolerance to 10 mug/ml of ciprofloxacin, thus mimicking the tolerance observed in recalcitrant bacterial infections. These studies further demonstrate that a nonmucoid strain of P. aeruginosa can form a biofilm that tolerates ciprofloxacin at clinically relevant concentrations. Neither asiatic acid nor corosolic acid reduced the viable cell density of P. aeruginosa biofilms. However, both compounds increased the susceptibility of biofilm bacteria to subsequent treatment with tobramycin, suggesting asiatic acid and corosolic acid to be compounds that potentiate the activity of antibiotics. A similar statistical interaction was observed between ciprofloxacin and subsequent treatment with tobramycin.
One-pot Synthesis of Phosphorus Doped G-C$lt;inf$gt;3$lt;/inf$gt;N$lt;inf$gt;4$lt;/inf$gt; with Enhanced Visible-light Photocatalytic Activity (2017)

摘 要: 以尿素(CO(NH 2 ) 2 )和磷酸氢二铵((NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 )作为原料, 通过热聚合法制备了磷(P)掺杂石墨相氮化碳
Novel 'soft' anticholinergic agents. (1988)

The concepts involved in the design of 'soft' drugs (drugs which, after achieving their therapeutic role, are metabolised in a predictable manner and at a controlled rate to non-toxic moieties) have been further applied in the case of atropine. Selected aliphatic and cycloaliphatic esters of a hypothetical, inactive acidic metabolite of atropine were designed and found to have atropine-like activity, and to revert to the inactive metabolite in rat liver homogenates. Peak anticholinergic activity, measured by the degree of antagonism of carbachol-induced spasms of guinea pig ileum strips, was observed when the esters contained a quaternary group. The in vitro stability of the esters was determined in human plasma, in pH 12 buffer solution, and in rat liver homogenate; the fastest rate of hydrolysis occurred in rat liver homogenate, and least sterically hindered esters degraded more rapidly than hindered esters. Synthesis of the esters was achieved in two stages. Phenylmalonic acid and the appropriate alcohol gave phenylmalonic acid monoesters, which, after reaction with tropine, afforded the required diesters. The tertiary amine group on the tropine moiety of the diesters then allowed the preparation of quaternary derivatives.
Security Personalization for Internet and Web Services (2008)

The growth of the Internet has been accompanied by the growth of Internet services (e.g., e-commerce, e-health). This proliferation of services and the increasing attacks on them by malicious individuals have highlighted the need for service security. The security requirements of an Internet or Web service may be specified in a security policy. The provider of the service is then responsible for implementing the security measures contained in the policy. However, a service customer or consumer may have security preferences that are not reflected in the provider’s security policy. In order for service providers to attract and retain customers, as well as reach a wider market, a way of personalizing a security policy to a particular customer is needed. We derive the content of an Internet or Web service security policy and propose a flexible security personalization approach that will allow an Internet or Web service provider and customer to negotiate to an agreed-upon personalized security policy. In addition, we present two application examples of security policy personalization, and overview the design of our security personalization prototype.
A NEW METHOD FOR MAPPING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS ONTO NEURAL NETWORKS (1989)

A novel modified method for obtaining approximate solutions to difficult optimization problems within the neural network paradigm is presented. We consider the graph partition and the travelling salesman problems. The key new ingredient is a reduction of solution space by one dimension by using graded neurons, thereby avoiding the destructive redundancy that has plagued these problems when using straightforward neural network techniques. This approach maps the problems onto Potts glass rather than spin glass theories. A systematic prescription is given for estimating the phase transition temperatures in advance, which facilitates the choice of optimal parameters. This analysis, which is performed for both serial and synchronous updating of the mean field theory equations, makes it possible to consistently avoid chaotic behavior. When exploring this new technique numerically we find the results very encouraging; the quality of the solutions are in parity with those obtained by using optimally tuned simulated annealing heuristics. Our numerical study, which for TSP extends to 200-city problems, exhibits an impressive level of parameter insensitivity.
Recent studies on structures and intestinal immunity modulating activities of pectins and pectic polysaccharides from medicinal herbs (2009)

Many plants have been exploited since ancient times for health care of humans, and several pharmacological activities could be attributed to pectins and pectic polysaccharides present in the medicinal plants and plant derived foods. It can therefore be expected that also isolated carbohydrate structures will be biological active and find application in health care. Food polysaccharides are, similar to herbal medicines, generally taken orally, therefore their biological effects are expected to be expressed through the intestinal immune system. Peyer’s patches play important roles as an inductive lymphoid organ of the intestinal immune system. The intestinal immune system contributes not only to the defense system of the mucosa, but also regulates the systemic immune system. Therefore these regulative molecules of the intestinal immune system have potential as new immuno-modulators of both systems. Polysaccharide fractions from medicinal herbs were screened for enhancement of Peyer’s patch mediated intestinal immune response. Potent activity was observed in extracts containing pectic polysaccharides, and arabino-3,6-galactans from rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea, leaves of Astragalus mongholicus and roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Active carbohydrate structures were characterized to be mainly arabino 3,6-galactans, rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I and RGII. The inner surface of the intestinal tract possesses a large area of mucosal membranes, and the intestinal epithelial cells exist at the interface between an antigen-rich lumen and a lymphocyterich lamina propria. When MCE 301 cells from the murine normal colonic epithelial cell line, were stimulated with a pectic polysaccharide, bupleuran 2IIc, from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum, only the content of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was significantly increased in the conditioned medium. In the carbohydrates structure of RGI, arabinan moiety was suggested to involve in the activity.