gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast computation of local correlation coefficients (2008)

This paper presents an acceleration method, using both algorithmic and architectural means, for fast calculation of local correlation coefficients, which is a basic image-based information processing step for template or pattern matching, image registration, motion or change detection and estimation, compensation of changes, or compression of representations, among other information processing objectives. For real-time applications, the complexity in arithmetic operations as well as in programming and memory access latency had been a divisive issue between the so-called correction-based methods and the Fourier domain methods. In the presented method, the complexity in calculating local correlation coefficients is reduced via equivalent reformulation that leads to efficient array operations or enables the use of multi-dimensional fast Fourier transforms, without losing or sacrificing local and non-linear changes or characteristics. The computation time is further reduced by utilizing modern multi-core architectures, such as the Sony-Toshiba-IBM Cell processor, with high processing speed and low power consumption.
Meadowfoam monoenoic fatty acid amides as slip and antiblock agents in polyolefin film (1993)

Abstract Mixed monounsaturated amides (MMA) of fatty acids from meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba ) were effective slip and antiblocking agents for polyethylene films. MMA may compete with extant amides as additives for manufacture of PE films if their selling price is competitive. The MMA (79% cis ‐5‐eicosenoic acid amides, 17% cis ‐5‐, and cis ‐13‐docosenoic acid amides, and 1% cis ‐5, cis ‐13‐docosadienoic acid amide) required > 500 ppm but < 1000 ppm dosage to achieve high slip (coefficient of friction < 0.2) within 10 minutes of film blowing. For comparison, erucamide required < 250 ppm, oleamide required < 500 ppm, and stearamide required > 1000 ppm to give high slip levels within 10 min. Maximum antiblocking effectiveness of MMA, which developed at 1000 ppm, was equivalent to stearamide at 1000 ppm. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. §
Characterization of Chiral Interactions Using Fluorescence Anisotropy (2006)

This work details a study whereby the characterization of chiral selectors and identification of optimal separation conditions is evaluated by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements. Earlier studies in our laboratory have shown fluorescence anisotropy to be an effective tool in evaluating chiral recognition, and in this study, the feasibility of characterizing chiral separation systems by the technique is evaluated. Four chiral selectors were examined under various conditions to explore correlation between chiral separation ability and differences in the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of the enantiomers measured under similar conditions. A good correlation between the fluorescence anisotropy data and separation data was observed with R2 values ranging from 0.9279 to 0.9959. The fluorescence anisotropy measurements were examined under conditions that mimicked chiral separation conditions and the feasibility of a priori optimization of chiral separations is discussed.
Maximum k-Biplex Search on Bipartite Graphs: A Symmetric-BK Branching Approach (2023)

Enumerating maximal k-biplexes (MBPs) of a bipartite graph has been used for applications such as fraud detection. Nevertheless, there usually exists an exponential number of MBPs, which brings up two issues when enumerating MBPs, namely the effectiveness issue (many MBPs are of low values) and the efficiency issue (enumerating all MBPs is not affordable on large graphs). Existing proposals of tackling this problem impose constraints on the number of vertices of each MBP to be enumerated, yet they are still not sufficient (e.g., they require to specify the constraints, which is often not user-friendly, and cannot control the number of MBPs to be enumerated directly). Therefore, in this paper, we study the problem of finding K MBPs with the most edges called MaxBPs, where K is a positive integral user parameter. The new proposal well avoids the drawbacks of existing proposals (i.e., the number of MBPs to be enumerated is directly controlled and the MBPs to be enumerated tend to have high values since they have more edges than the majority of MBPs). We formally prove the NP-hardness of the problem. We then design two branch-and-bound algorithms, among which, the better one called FastBB improves the worst-case time complexity to O*(γkn), where O* suppresses the polynomials, γk is a real number that relies on k and is strictly smaller than 2, and n is the number of vertices in the graph. For example, for k=1, γk is equal to 1.754. We further introduce three techniques for boosting the performance of the branch-and-bound algorithms, among which, the best one called PBIE can further improve the time complexity to O*(γkd3) for large sparse graphs, where d is the maximum degree of the graph (note that d< <n for sparse graphs). We conduct extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets, and the results show that our algorithm is up to four orders of magnitude faster than all baselines and finding MaxBPs works better than finding all MBPs for a fraud detection application.
Thieme Chemistry Journal Awardees - Whereare They Now? Efforts towards the Total Synthesis of Vinigrol (2008)

A strategy for the total synthesis of vinigrol is detailed with two key steps - oxidative dearomatization and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition - providing the cis-decalin core. A novel and mild means for the formation of ortho-quinone methides is also described.
CLASSIFICATION OF MLS POINT CLOUDS IN URBAN SCENES USING DETRENDED GEOMETRIC FEATURES FROM SUPERVOXEL-BASED LOCAL CONTEXTS (2018)

Abstract. In this work, we propose a classification method designed for the labeling of MLS point clouds, with detrended geometric features extracted from the points of the supervoxel-based local context. To achieve the analysis of complex 3D urban scenes, acquired points of the scene should be tagged with individual labels of different classes. Thus, assigning a unique label to the points of an object that belong to the same category plays an essential role in the entire 3D scene analysis workflow. Although plenty of studies in this field have been reported, this work is still a challenging task. Specifically, in this work: 1) A novel geometric feature extraction method, detrending the redundant and in-salient information in the local context, is proposed, which is proved to be effective for extracting local geometric features from the 3D scene. 2) Instead of using individual point as basic element, the supervoxel-based local context is designed to encapsulate geometric characteristics of points, providing a flexible and robust solution for feature extraction. 3) Experiments using complex urban scene with manually labeled ground truth are conducted, and the performance of proposed method with respect to different methods is analyzed. With the testing dataset, we have obtained a result of 0.92 for overall accuracy for assigning eight semantic classes.
Conceptual Framework for Internet of Things' Virtualization via OpenFlow in Context-aware Networks (2014)

A novel conceptual framework is presented in this paper with an aim to standardize and virtualize Internet of Things(IoT) infrastructure through deploying OpenFlow technology. The framework can receivee services based on context information leaving the current infrastructure unchanged. This framework allows the active collaboration of heterogeneous devices and protocols. Moreover it is capable to model placement of physical objects, manage the system and to collect information for services deployed on an IoT infrastructure. Our proposed IoT virtualization is applicable to a random topology scenario which makes it possible to 1) share flow sensors resources 2) establish multioperational sensor networks, and 3) extend reachability within the framework without establishing any further physical networks. Flow sensors achieve better results comparable to the typical sensors with respect to packet generation, reachability, simulation time, throughput, energy consumption point of view. Even better results are possible through utilizing multicast groups in large scale networks.
Modeling of a Passive Polarization Converter Free of Longitudinally-Periodic Structure (1996)

Recently, there has been increased interest in the analysis of passive polarization converters made with longitudinally-periodic structures owing their great polarization conversion efficiency. Three kinds of passive polarization converters made with periodic structures are presently reported in the literature: asymmetric loading section converters, tilted waveguiding section converters and asymmetric angled facet section converters. The most promising version so far is the angled facet converter recently proposed by van der To1 et al [ 1,2]. This polarization converter contains a series of N waveguide sections with right-asymmetric (RAS) and left-asymmetric (LAS) cross-sections with angled facets. Simplified structure of RAS and LAS cross-sections with angled facet are shown in Fig. 1. For any converters made of longitudinally-periodic structures, the main factors limiting the performance of the devices are the losses which occur at the junction between the neighboring sections and the difficulty of fabricating the multi-section devices. In this paper, using a vectorial finite-element propagation method to model angled facet converters, it is shown that polarization rotation effects in such devices can be maximized with an appropriate choice of the facet angle a and the base rib width w. Optimization of structure design achieves a device free of longitudinally-periodic structure with a very short converting length and low losses.
Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory (2015)

To document the marketing and distribution of nano-enabled products into the commercial marketplace, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies created the Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory (CPI) in 2005. The objective of this present work is to redevelop the CPI by leading a research effort to increase the usefulness and reliability of this inventory. We created eight new descriptors for consumer products, including information pertaining to the nanomaterials contained in each product. The project was motivated by the recognition that a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, industry, and state/federal government had become highly dependent on the inventory as an important resource and bellweather of the pervasiveness of nanotechnology in society. We interviewed 68 nanotechnology experts to assess key information needs. Their answers guided inventory modifications by providing a clear conceptual framework best suited for user expectations. The revised inventory was released in October 2013. It currently lists 1814 consumer products from 622 companies in 32 countries. The Health and Fitness category contains the most products (762, or 42% of the total). Silver is the most frequently used nanomaterial (435 products, or 24%); however, 49% of the products (889) included in the CPI do not provide the composition of the nanomaterial used in them. About 29% of the CPI (528 products) contain nanomaterials suspended in a variety of liquid media and dermal contact is the most likely exposure scenario from their use. The majority (1288 products, or 71%) of the products do not present enough supporting information to corroborate the claim that nanomaterials are used. The modified CPI has enabled crowdsourcing capabilities, which allow users to suggest edits to any entry and permits researchers to upload new findings ranging from human and environmental exposure data to complete life cycle assessments. There are inherent limitations to this type of database, but these modifications to the inventory addressed the majority of criticisms raised in published literature and in surveys of nanotechnology stakeholders and experts. The development of standardized methods and metrics for nanomaterial characterization and labelling in consumer products can lead to greater understanding between the key stakeholders in nanotechnology, especially consumers, researchers, regulators, and industry.
Acoustic and language modeling of human and nonhuman noises for human-to-human spontaneous speech recognition (2002)

Several improvements of our speech-to-speech translation system JANUS on spontaneous human-to-human dialogs are presented. Common phenomena in spontaneous speech are described, followed by a classification of different types of noise. To handle the variety of spontaneous effects in human-to-human dialogs, special noise models are introduced representing both human and nonhuman noise, as well as word fragments. It is shown that both the acoustic and the language modeling of the noise increase the recognition performance significantly. In the experiments, a clustering of the noise classes is performed and the resulting cluster variants are compared, thus allowing one to determine the best tradeoff between the sensitivity and trainability of the models.
A unified model for data and constraint repair (2011)

Integrity constraints play an important role in data design. However, in an operational database, they may not be enforced for many reasons. Hence, over time, data may become inconsistent with respect to the constraints. To manage this, several approaches have proposed techniques to repair the data, by finding minimal or lowest cost changes to the data that make it consistent with the constraints. Such techniques are appropriate for the old world where data changes, but schemas and their constraints remain fixed. In many modern applications however, constraints may evolve over time as application or business rules change, as data is integrated with new data sources, or as the underlying semantics of the data evolves. In such settings, when an inconsistency occurs, it is no longer clear if there is an error in the data (and the data should be repaired), or if the constraints have evolved (and the constraints should be repaired). In this work, we present a novel unified cost model that allows data and constraint repairs to be compared on an equal footing. We consider repairs over a database that is inconsistent with respect to a set of rules, modeled as functional dependencies (FDs). FDs are the most common type of constraint, and are known to play an important role in maintaining data quality. We evaluate the quality and scalability of our repair algorithms over synthetic data and present a qualitative case study using a well-known real dataset. The results show that our repair algorithms not only scale well for large datasets, but are able to accurately capture and correct inconsistencies, and accurately decide when a data repair versus a constraint repair is best.
Invasive Optimization of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Role of Sequential Biventricular and Left Ventricular Pacing (2005)

Using sequential BV pacing, generally with LV preactivation, moderate improvements in LV systolic function can be achieved in selected patients. Baseline PR interval may aid in the selection of the optimum cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) mode, favoring LV pacing in patients with a PR interval < or =200 ms.
Texture evolution during nitinol martensite detwinning and phase transformation (2013)

Nitinol has been widely used to make medical devices for years due to its unique shape memory and superelastic properties. However, the texture of the nitinol wires has been largely ignored due to inherent complexity. In this study, in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction has been carried out during uniaxial tensile testing to investigate the texture evolution of the nitinol wires during martensite detwinning, variant reorientation, and phase transformation. It was found that the thermal martensitic nitinol wire comprised primarily an axial (1¯20), (120), and (102)-fiber texture. Detwinning initially converted the (120) and (102) fibers to the (1¯20) fiber and progressed to a (1¯30)-fiber texture by rigid body rotation. At strains above 10%, the (1¯30)-fiber was shifted to the (110) fiber by (21¯0) deformation twinning. The austenitic wire exhibited an axial (334)-fiber, which transformed to the near-(1¯30) martensite texture after the stress-induced phase transformation.
Autoradiographic studies of aged primate macular retinal pigment epithelium. (1992)

The authors used 35S-sulfate and 3H-proline to trace labeled molecules in autoradiograms of aged monkey and human macular retina to detect the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Quantitative analysis of silver grains 6 hr and 3 d after intravitreal injection of 35S-sulfate in the monkey showed that secretion from the basal pole of the RPE occurs at a slower rate than from the apical pole. In vitro incubation of human maculas produced poor autoradiographs with 35S-sulfate. Good autoradiographs were obtained using 3H-proline. Human macular RPE showed uneven labeling, but densely labeled cells did not correlate with sites of basal linear deposits, ECM though to be basement membrane material, and a hallmark of age-related maculopathy. The time course of labeling in adult primate tissue showed a fairly high turnover rate for these molecules. Scant labeling of ECM at drusen sites and no labeling in basal linear deposits suggested that either (1) these structures have a slow turnover or (2) their components contain scant sulfate and proline. Alternatively, faulty degradative processes rather than enhanced synthesis may account for the accumulation of abnormal ECM at the RPE-Bruch's membrane interface in aged maculas.
Q-vaxcelerate: A distributed development approach for a new Coxiella burnetii vaccine (2017)

Development of vaccines that are both safe and effective remains a costly and time-consuming challenge. To accelerate the pace of development and improve the efficacy and safety of candidate vaccines for both existing and emerging infectious agents, we have used a distributed development approach. This features the managed integration of individual expert groups having the requisite vaccine platforms, pre-clinical models, assays, skills and knowledge pertinent to a specific pathogen into a single, end-to-end development team capable of producing a new vaccine tailored to that particular agent. Distributed development focuses on integrating existing effort across multiple institutions rather than developing new capabilities or consolidating resources within an individual organization. Previously we have used the distributed development strategy to generate vaccine candidates for emerging viral diseases. Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious and resilient bacterium and the causative agent of Q fever. Treatment for Q fever can require months of antibiotics. The current vaccine for Q-fever is only approved in Australia and requires prescreening due to the potential for severe reactogenicity in previously exposed individuals. Here we discuss Q-VaxCelerate, a distributed development consortium for the development of a new vaccine to prevent Q fever.
Definition of an Enhanced Immune Cell Therapy in Mice That Can Target Stem-Like Lymphoma Cells (2010)

Current treatments of high-grade lymphoma often have curative potential, but unfortunately many patients relapse and develop therapeutic resistance. Thus, there remains a need for novel therapeutics that can target the residual cancer cells whose phenotypes are distinct from the bulk tumor and that are capable of reforming tumors from very few cells. Oncolytic viruses offer an approach to destroy tumors by multiple mechanisms, but they cannot effectively reach residual disease or micrometastases, especially within the lymphatic system. To address these limitations, we have generated immune cells infected with oncolytic viruses as a therapeutic strategy that can combine effective cellular delivery with synergistic tumor killing. In this study, we tested this approach against minimal disease states of lymphomas characterized by the persistence of cancer cells that display stem cell-like properties and resistance to conventional therapies. We found that the immune cells were capable of trafficking to and targeting residual cancer cells. The combination biotherapy used prevented relapse by creating a long-term, disease-free state, with acquired immunity to the tumor functioning as an essential mediator of this effect. Immune components necessary for this acquired immunity were identified. We further demonstrated that the dual biotherapy could be applied before or after conventional therapy. Our approach offers a potentially powerful new way to clear residual cancer cells, showing how restoring immune surveillance is critical for maintenance of a disease-free state.
The Fiber Fuse - from a curious effect to a critical issue: A 25^th year retrospective (2013)

A process leading to a stunningly beautiful and distinctive propagating plasma emission in optical fibers was discovered by the author 25 years ago. The genie that escaped its glass bottle leaves a trail of destruction. This paper traces the history and impact of the effect, which can threaten the security of all modern communication systems.
Improved Mitochondrial Function with Diet-Induced Increase in Either Docosahexaenoic Acid or Arachidonic Acid in Membrane Phospholipids (2012)

Mitochondria can depolarize and trigger cell death through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). We recently showed that an increase in the long chain n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) and depletion of the n6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n6) in mitochondrial membranes is associated with a greater Ca(2+) load required to induce MPTP opening. Here we manipulated mitochondrial phospholipid composition by supplementing the diet with DHA, ARA or combined DHA+ARA in rats for 10 weeks. There were no effects on cardiac function, or respiration of isolated mitochondria. Analysis of mitochondrial phospholipids showed DHA supplementation increased DHA and displaced ARA in mitochondrial membranes, while supplementation with ARA or DHA+ARA increased ARA and depleted linoleic acid (18:2n6). Phospholipid analysis revealed a similar pattern, particularly in cardiolipin. Tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin was depleted by 80% with ARA or DHA+ARA supplementation, with linoleic acid side chains replaced by ARA. Both the DHA and ARA groups had delayed Ca(2+)-induced MPTP opening, but the DHA+ARA group was similar to the control diet. In conclusion, alterations in mitochondria membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition caused by dietary DHA or ARA was associated with a greater cumulative Ca(2+) load required to induced MPTP opening. Further, high levels of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin were not essential for normal mitochondrial function if replaced with very-long chain n3 or n6 PUFAs.