gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MARS and Prometheus in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Toxin Elimination and Outcome (2010)

Extracorporeal liver support by cell-free detoxification systems, such as the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) and fractionated plasma separation and adsorption (FPSA, Prometheus), has gained widespread interest during the last decade. Both devices effectively eliminate bilirubin, bile acids, and other albumin-bound substances accumulating in liver failure. However, it is less clear whether these systems exert a beneficial effect on factors believed to be important in the pathogenesis of liver failure such as proinflammatory cytokines or parameters of oxidative stress. While initial small studies on MARS in advanced liver failure indicated improved survival, preliminary data of two recent randomized trials of either MARS or Prometheus versus standard medical treatment demonstrated no survival benefit in large cohorts of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure.
Bright semipolar GaInN∕GaN blue light emitting diode on side facets of selectively grown GaN stripes (2006)

The authors demonstrate the fabrication and evaluation of bright semipolar GaInN∕GaN blue light emitting diodes (LEDs). The structures are realized by growing five GaInN∕GaN quantum wells on the {11¯01} side facets of selectively grown n-GaN stripes with triangular shape running along the ⟨112¯0⟩ direction covered with a Mg-doped GaN top layer. The growth was done by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy using a conventional [0001] sapphire substrate. The devices have circular mesa structures with diameters between 70 and 140μm. Continuous wave on-wafer optical output powers as high as 700μW and 3mW could be achieved under dc conditions for 20 and 110mA, respectively. The current dependent blueshift of the peak emission wavelength caused by screening effects of the piezoelectric field was only 1.5nm for currents between 1 and 50mA. This is less than half the value measured on c-plane LEDs and confirms the reduced piezoelectric field in our LED structures.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Chinese patients (2018)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract, exhibiting wide variability in their biological behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of GISTs in Chinese patients. All GIST cases (n=182) retrieved from the pathology database and the archived files in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed. The clinical symptoms, preoperative investigations, treatments, pathological characteristics and follow-up data of these patients were reviewed, and univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. A total of 73.1% of the GISTs were located in the stomach, and the most common three symptoms included abdominal pain (30.2%), dyspepsia (23.1%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (21.4%). Univariate analysis revealed that larger tumor size (P<0.001), higher mitotic rate (P<0.001), aggressive behavior (P<0.001), negative smooth muscle actin expression (P=0.009) and palliative resection (P<0.001) contributed toward poor overall survival (OS). In addition, non-gastric disease location (P<0.001), larger tumor size (P<0.001), higher mitotic rate (P=0.004), aggressive behavior (P<0.001) and palliative resection (P<0.001) were associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS). Multivariate analysis indicated that mitotic rate [hazard ratio (HR=3.761, P=0.015)] and aggressive behavior (HR=3.916, P=0.010) were independent risk factors for OS, while non-gastric location (HR=4.740, P=0.002) and aggressive behavior (HR=4.009, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for RFS. The present study provided information on the clinicopathological characteristics and epidemiology of GISTs in the Chinese population. Non-gastric disease location, higher mitotic rate and tumor metastasis or local invasion prior to treatment were identified as predictors of a poor prognosis.
Preparation of layered thin film samples for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (2014)

Materials with layered van der Waals crystal structures are exciting research topics in condensed matter physics and materials science due to outstanding physical properties associated with their strong two dimensional nature. Prominent examples include bismuth tritelluride and triselenide topological insulators (TIs), which are characterized by a bulk bandgap and pairwise counter-propagating spin-polarized electronic surface states. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of ex-situ grown thin film samples has been limited by the lack of suitable surface preparation techniques. We demonstrate the shortcomings of previously successful conventional surface preparation techniques when applied to ternary TI systems which are susceptible to severe oxidation. We show that in-situ cleaving is a simple and effective technique for preparation of clean surfaces on ex-situ grown thin films for high quality ARPES measurements. The method presented here is universally applicable to other layered van der Waals systems as well.
Pilgrimage and its Dual Functions in Iranian Shiitsm (2016)

Salvation is the main concern not only for theistic religions but also for atheistic ones, therefore, all of them try to offer doctrines for achieving both salvation and redemption in this world or in another world. Followers of the Twelver Shiism strongly believe in salvation through the Imam. Imamat and Imam, do not just refer to a special person, more than that, they involve a spiritual / worldly doctrine toward a complete and multilateral salvation, and also socio-political leadership. One of the important parts of this doctrine that involves spiritual / worldly salvation is intercession via religious rituals like praying, pilgrimage, mourning and so on.\nThis article considers the impacts of these dual functions of Shiite Imams on the Shiites' viewpoint about pilgrimage in the framework of social constructionism as a suitable case study in the sociology of religion. According to the Shiite's belief system, Imams and some of their offspring are divinely chosen people who endured many sufferings in the path of Allah. Moreover, they own the divine knowledge which allows them to lead society in a correct way. They are, therefore, worthy of leadership; they also have spiritual intercession in their power. This meaning system has constructed a strong belief and behaviour with a double face: Shiites expect to fulfil, (through their Imams and pilgrimage), their immaterial and material wishes simultaneously - Spiritual prayer, demand for intercession in the hereafter, vows (as deals), and prayers for absolute material wishes all come together inseparably in pilgrimage.
Photometric Stereo with Nearby Planar Distributed Illuminants (2006)

This paper considers the problem of shape-from-shading using nearby planar distributed illuminants. It is shown that a rectangular planar nearby distributed uniform isotropic illuminant shining on a small Lambertian surface patch is equivalent to a single isotropic point light source at infinity. A closed-form solution is given for the equivalent point light source direction in terms of the illuminant corner locations. Equivalent point light sources can be obtained for multiple rectangular illuminants allowing standard photometric stereo algorithms to be used. An extension is given to the case of a rectangular planar illuminant with arbitrary radiance distribution. It is shown that a Walsh function approximation to the arbitrary illuminant distribution leads to an efficient computation of the equivalent point light source directions. A search technique employing a solution consistency measure is presented to handle the case of unknown depths. Applications of the theory presented in this paper include visual user-interfaces using shape-from-shading algorithms making use of the illumination from computer monitors, or movie screens.
Effects of Heat Treatment on the Nutritional Value of Conventional and Low Trypsin Inhibitor Soybeans for Chicks (1993)

Two experiments were conducted to assess the nutritional value of conventional and low trypsin inhibitor (TI) soybeans when fed in raw or heated form for chicks. In Experiment 1, four replicates of eight chicks per pen were fed corn-based diets (19% CP, 3,158 kcal ME/kg) containing raw or heated conventional soybeans, raw or heated low TI soybeans, or conventional soybean meal (44% CP) plus oil. Heating was achieved by autoclaving the soybeans for 20 min at 110 C. Treatments were the same in Experiment 2 except that the soybeans were heated for 20 or 40 min. The TI activity of the low TI soybeans was approximately one-half that of the raw conventional soybeans (9.6 versus 22.1 mg/g). Heating reduced the TI activity of both types of soybeans. Chick growth, feed utilization, and apparent retention of dietary DM and N were markedly depressed and pancreatic hypertrophy occurred when the raw conventional soybeans were fed. Depressions in performance and N retention and increases in pancreatic weights also occurred when chicks were fed raw low TI soybeans, but the responses were not as pronounced as when raw conventional soybeans were fed. Heat treatment reduced the TI activity of both types of soybeans and resulted in improved chick weight gain, feed:gain, and dietary DM and N retention, and reduced pancreatic weights (P < .01). In Experiment 1, chicks fed low TT soybeans heated for 20 min performed as well and had equivalent pancreas weights as those fed soybean meal. In Experiment 2, chicks fed either type of soybean heated for 40 min did not perform as well as those fed soybean meal. The results indicate that low TI soybeans are nutritionally superior to conventional soybeans, but some heating is required to maximize their nutritional value.
Bodendenkmalpflege am Großen Bruch im Nordharzvorland. Siedlungsgeschichte und archäologische Quellenkritik (2018)

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Gamma-ray Energy-imaging Integrated Deconvolution (2006)

The maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm is an important method in gamma-ray Compton imaging. In conventional Compton camera systems, the image reconstruction is performed only in 2D or 3D spatial coordinates for a specific gamma-ray energy. In this paper, we describe a new energy-imaging integrated deconvolution algorithm in which a source pixel is defined in a combined spatial and energy space. Therefore, the reconstructed source distribution using this technique gives the original incident gamma-ray intensity and energy spectrum as a function of incident angle. By employing this energy-imaging integrated deconvolution algorithm, a Compton camera can provide the image at any specific energy, as well as the spectrum at any specific direction. Since the ML solution estimates the true incident gamma-ray intensity, the deconvolved energy spectrum at the source location is free of Compton continuum. To reconstruct truthfully the source distribution from the observation data, the accuracy of the system response function t/sub ij/, i.e. the probability for a photon from source pixel j to be observed as event i, is the most crucial information. Because the large number of pixels in the energy-imaging integrated space, and the very large number of possible measurement events, it is impossible to pre-calculate the system response function t/sub ij/ by simulations. In this paper, an analytical approach to estimate the system response function for Compton camera systems is introduced to allow the calculation of the system response function during the reconstruction process. The energy-imaging integrated deconvolution algorithm is applied to a 3-dimensional position-sensitive CdZnTe gamma-ray imaging spectrometer.
An Efficient Reachability-Based Framework for Provably Safe Autonomous Navigation in Unknown Environments (2019)

Real-world autonomous vehicles often operate in a priori unknown environments. Since most of these systems are safety-critical, it is important to ensure they operate safely even when faced with environmental uncertainty. Current safety analysis tools enable autonomous systems to reason about safety given full information about the state of the environment a priori. However, these tools do not scale well to scenarios where the environment is being sensed in real time, such as during navigation tasks. In this work, we propose a novel, real-time safety analysis method based on Hamilton-Jacobi reachability that provides strong safety guarantees despite the unknown parts of the environment. Our safety method is planner-agnostic and provides guarantees for a variety of mapping sensors. We demonstrate our approach in simulation and in hardware to provide safety guarantees around a state-of-the-art vision-based, learning-based planner. Videos of our approach and experiments are available on the project website <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Investigation of Practical Flight Envelope Protection Systems for Small Aircraft (2011)

Personal air transportation using small aircraft is a market that is expected to grow significantly in the near future. However, seventy times more accidents occur in this segment as compared with commercial aviation. The majority of these accidents is related to handling and control problems, which are closely linked to the experience level of the pilots. In commercial aviation, the combination of fly-by-wire technology and flight envelope protection is used to prevent these types of accidents. Instead of downscaling advanced and high-cost fly-by-wire platforms, a low-cost solution should be considered for the general aviation market. This paper focuses on a flight envelope protection system for small aircraft. Preliminary results are obtained from an empirical comparison study in the time domain between a proportional-integral-derivative-based control limiting approach, a command limiting approach, a constrained flight control law approach using model-based predictive control and incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion, and a virtual control limiting approach, which also uses incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion. Comparison is done not only using a nominal model but also in cases of parametric uncertainty, sensor noise, time delays, wind gusts, and turbulence. Investigation of the results reveals that, for this study, control limiting should be avoided, and for practical implementation command limiting is the best option.
Human Motion Analysis using Virtual Reality (2007)

This paper presents two different algorithms to detect human motion using the Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) and area-based detection methods. Both methods have the same objective that is to detect moving pixels in video sequences. The SAD block will determine the similarity between the input image and the background image that acted as the reference template, by performing the sum of absolute differences. As for the area-based detection, it uses the pre defined range of total 0-value pixels (black pixels) in binary image that depends on the size of the foreground image. The differences are indicated by the moving pixels in the input image that represented the detected object(s). Subsequently the identified objects will undergo some morphological processes such as dilation and erosion to filter the noise pixels, for precise means of detection. Next, the system will perform the boundary box plotting to denote the detected object. The entire system is developed in the virtual reality environment and later be deemed for application in an intelligent surveillance system, pedestrian detection and human activity recognition.
Declaración de infracción del Derecho de la Unión Europea a propósito del tratamiento fiscal de los no residentes en el ISD. Revisión de oficio de los actos administrativos y/o responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado Legislador (2020)

espanolEl presente estudio pone encima de la mesa los problemas resultantes de las declaraciones de incompatibilidad de la normativa interna con el Derecho de la UE en presencia de actuaciones administrativas previas y posteriores a aquellas declaraciones. Con la excusa de las recientes sentencias del Tribunal Supremo sobre el tratamiento fiscal espanol a los no residentes extramuros del Derecho comunitario en el ambito del ISD, se analizan las posibilidades legales de atacar los actos administrativos dictados. EnglishThe current study brings on the table problems resulting from the declaration of incompatibility of internal regulations with the EU Law in presence of prior and subsequent administrative actions of those declarations. With the excuse of the recent Supreme Court rulings on the Spanish tax treatment of Non-Residents outside EU Law in the area of the Inheritance and Gift Tax, the legal possibilities to attack the administrative acts issued are analyzed.
The T3<sup>b</sup>gene promoter directs intestinal epithelial cell‐specific expression in transgenic mice (1999)

Although a few promoters that direct intestinal epithelial cell-specific expression in transgenic animals have been reported, they are not necessarily appropriate for transgenic studies in terms of activity and tissue specificity. Here, we examined the tissue specificity of transgene expression directed by the 2.8-kb promoter region of the T3(b) gene, which encodes one of the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The transgene was expressed exclusively in the epithelial cells of the small and large intestines at high levels. The results indicate that the T3(b) promoter is useful for directing transgene expression specifically in intestinal epithelial cells.
Model‐based and model‐free parametric analysis of breast dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced MRI (2007)

A wide range of dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) sequences and protocols, image processing methods, and interpretation criteria have been developed and evaluated over the last 20 years. In particular, attempts have been made to better understand the origin of the contrast observed in breast lesions using physiological models that take into account the vascular and tissue-specific features that influence tracer perfusion. In addition, model-free algorithms to decompose enhancement patterns in order to segment and classify different breast tissue types have been developed. This review includes a description of the mechanism of contrast enhancement by gadolinium-based contrast agents, followed by the current status of the physiological models used to analyze breast DCE-MRI and related critical issues. We further describe more recent unsupervised and supervised methods that use a range of different common algorithms. The model-based and model-free methods strive to achieve scientific accuracy and high clinical performance--both important goals yet to be reached.
Conocimientos y creencias sobre la hipertensión arterial presentes en usuarios de servicios de salud (2011)

Introduction: According to the Health Beliefs Model, the knowledge and beliefs about Hypertension, would lead to the adoption of healthy behaviours that could reduce the risk of suffering it. Objectives: To identify the level of knowledge about Hypertension and to explore the beliefs about the causes, risk factors and treatments related to the disease. Method: Non-experimental, trans-sectional and descriptive research. Convenient sample consisting of 87 Health Service´s users from Cali, Colombia, who where asked about their knowledge about Hypertension and its risk factors, and their beliefs about the causes, healthy behaviours and treatment of the disease. Results: There is little knowledge about Hypertension and its consequences among the sample, and mistaken beliefs related to the disease as inevitable dace with the ageing and the invulnerability of young people. Conclusions: The wrong information constitute one of the main obstacles for people to adopt healthy behaviours. The mistaken beliefs would interfere with the change of attitudes and behaviours related to health, disease and adherence to treatment. Therefore, there is a need for considering psycho-educative programs consisting of strategies and methologies that promote healthy behaviours and strengthen the personal responsibility in the treatment.
Interferometry Study of Aqueous Lubrication on the Surface of Polyelectrolyte Brush (2014)

The water lubrication behavior of a polyelectrolyte brush was investigated by using double-spacer-layer ultra-thin-film interferometry to determine the thickness of the aqueous lubrication layer present at the interface between the brush and a spherical glass lens. A hydrophilic poly{[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride} brush was prepared on an optical glass disk coated with layers of semireflective chromium and silica. The thickness of the hydrodynamic lubrication layer was estimated interferometrically. On increasing the sliding velocity from 10(-5) to 10(-1) m·s(-1), the gap between the rotating disk and loading sphere glass lens showed a marked increase to 130 nm at 2×10(-2) m·s(-1), and the friction coefficient simultaneously decreased to 0.01-0.02, indicating that the polyelectrolyte brush promoted the formation of a fluid lubrication layer that separates the rubbing surfaces, preventing direct contact and providing a low friction coefficient.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with engineered mesenchymal stem cells expressing stromal cell-derived factor-1 can improve erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (2021)

Combined treatment of ESWT with SDF-1 eMSC treatment is more effective than by a single therapy. It could be used as a potential and effective synergistic treatment for DM ED.
Interplay between Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 and Amphiregulin during Mechanical Ventilation (2014)

Mechanical ventilation (MV) elicits complex and clinically relevant cellular responses in the lungs. The current study was designed to define the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a major regulator of the cellular antioxidant defense system, in the pulmonary response to MV. Nrf2 activity was quantified in ventilated isolated perfused mouse lungs (IPL). Regulation of amphiregulin (AREG) was investigated in BEAS-2B cells with inactivated Nrf2 or Keap1, the inhibitor of Nrf2, using a luciferase vector with AREG promoter. AREG-dependent Nrf2 activity was examined in BEAS-2B cells, murine precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), and IPL. Finally, Nrf2 knockout and wild-type mice were ventilated to investigate the interplay between Nrf2 and AREG during MV in vivo. Lung functions and inflammatory parameters were measured. Nrf2 was activated in a ventilation-dependent manner. The knockdown of Nrf2 and Keap1 via short hairpin RNA in BEAS-2B cells and an EMSA with lung tissue revealed that AREG is regulated by Nrf2. Conversely, AREG application induced a significant Nrf2 activation in BEAS-2B cells, PCLS, and IPL. The signal transduction of ventilation-induced Nrf2 activation was shown to be p38 MAP kinase-dependent. In vivo ventilation experiments indicated that AREG is regulated by Nrf2 during MV. We conclude that Areg expression is regulated by Nrf2. During high-pressure ventilation, Nrf2 becomes activated and induces AREG, leading to a positive feedback loop between Nrf2 and AREG, which involves the p38 MAPK and results in the expression of cytoprotective genes.