gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complete amino acid sequence of bovine thymosin beta 4: a thymic hormone that induces terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in thymocyte populations. (1981)

The amino acid sequence of thymosin beta 4, a polypeptide isolated from calf thymus, was determined. Thymosin beta 4 is composed of 43 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 4982 and an isoelectric point of 5.1. The NH2 terminus of the peptide is blocked by an acetyl group. This molecule induces expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (DNA nucleotidylexotransferase, EC 2.7.7.31) in transferase-negative murine thymocytes in vivo and in citro. Thus, it appears that thymosin beta 4 acts on lymphoid stem cells and may control the early stages of the maturation process of thymus-dependent lymphocytes. This peptide is one of several present in thymosin fraction 5 that participates in the regulation, differentiation, and function of thymus-dependent thymocytes.
Nitric Oxide and Drug Releasing Hydrolysable Macromers, Oligomers and Polymers (2010)

New nitric oxide (NO) and drug releasing macromers, oligomers and polymers useful for biomedical applications were prepared. These NO and drug releasing macromers and oligomers are comprised of a drug molecule and a NO releasing moiety linked to each other via a hydrolytically degradable linker. This hydrolytically degradable linker is comprised of repeat units derived from safe and biocompatible molecules such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, p-dioxanone and caprolactone that are key components of all commercially available absorbable medical devices. NO and drug releasing macromers and oligomers developed by our research group are expected to have controllable hydrolysis profiles and enhanced functionality. The controlled release profiles represent slow, moderate and/or rapid release of drug and nitric oxide. This release may be targeted to one or more specific organs or parts of the body. Furthermore, these macromers and oligomers are anticipated to degrade into safe and biocompatible molecules. Moreover, hydrolytic degradation of some specific NO and drug releasing absorbable macromers and oligomers release the drug molecule as such with no change in chemical structure. This preserves the activity and efficacy of the drug molecule and provides extended therapeutic properties to the substrate when incorporated in a polymer matrix or applied as part of a coating on the substrate. These NO and drug releasing macromers and oligomers have a great potential for use in numerous therapeutic and biomedical applications including (a) treatment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, inflammatory and respiratory diseases, (b) therapies for central nervous system disorders and sexual dysfunctioning, (c) NO releasing anti-proliferative agents to prevent restenosis, (d) key components of coatings for medical devices to prevent platelet aggregation and adhesion, and (e) key components of anti-microbial, wound healing and pharmaceutical formulations for controlled release applications.
Dual‐frequency microstrip antenna with inhomogeneously filled dielectric substrate (1993)

Abstract A novel dual‐frequency microstrip antenna is introduced. The antenna is relatively easy to design and fabricate. The operating frequency can vary over a wide range. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dual-Function Metallic Nanohole Arrays: Electrokinetic Analyte Concentration and Plasmonic Sensing (2011)

Metallic nanostructures facilitate analyte sensing through localization of surface plasmons. In this work, we demonstrate that the same metal nanostructures can also facilitate the concentration and localization of analyte at the active sensing surface. Specifically, the structure of flow-through plasmonic nanohole array sensors presents the opportunity of locally increasing analyte concentration using electrokinetic phenomena. The synergistic combination of analyte concentration and sensing promises increased effectiveness and reduced detection limits. An 80fold increase in concentration is achieved in 100 s with a 100 V field applied. This is the first demonstration of an optofluidic system in which a nanostructure enables both analyte concentration and sensing.
Fluorescence Methods for Downhole Fluid Analysis of Heavy Oil Emulsions (2008)

Acquisition of oil samples from the reservoir prior to oil production is essential in order to design production strategies and production facilities. In addition, reservoir compartmentalization and hydrocarbon compositional grading magnify the necessity to map fluid properties vertically and laterally in the reservoir prior to production. Downhole fluid analysis (DFA), performed in situ in the oil well, helps optimize this fluid mapping process. However, for heavy oil reservoirs drilled with water based muds, fluid mapping has been largely precluded due to the formation of stable water‐in‐oil (w/o) emulsions, which add significant complexity to sample acquisition and which can preclude standard DFA measurements. Here, fluorescence measurements are shown to be dependent on oil type but independent of the state of emulsion even at very high water fractions. Thus, downhole fluorescence measurements can be used to perform hydrocarbon fluid mapping in the reservoir. The sensitivities of fluorescence and optical absorption measurements are determined for different excitation wavelengths, oil type, and oil concentration.
Natural-Based Indirubins Display Potent Cytotoxicity toward Wild-Type and T315I-Resistant Leukemia Cell Lines (2016)

Drug resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) requires the development of new CML chemotherapeutic drugs. Indirubin, a well-known mutikinase inhibitor, is the major active component of "Danggui Longhui Wan", a Chinese traditional medicine used for the treatment of CML symptoms. An in-house collection of indirubin derivatives was screened at 1 μM on wild-type and imatinib-resistant T315I mutant CML cells. Herein are reported that only 15 analogues of the natural 6-bromoindirubin displayed potent cytotoxicity in the submicromolar range. Kinase assays in vitro show that eight out of the 15 active molecules strongly inhibited both c-Src and Abl oncogenic kinases in the nanomolar range. Most importantly, these eight molecules blocked the activity of T315I mutant Abl kinase at the submicromolar level and with analogue 22 exhibiting inhibitory activity at the low nanomolar range. Docking calculations suggested that active indirubins might inhibit T315I Abl kinase through an unprecedented binding to both active and Src-like inactive conformations. Analogue 22 is the first derivative of a natural product identified as an inhibitor of wild-type and imatinib-resistant T315I mutant Abl kinases.
Model-based unsupervised instantaneous speaker adaptation (1996)

Unsupervised instantaneous adaptation, which uses the input utterance itself for adaptation, is the ideal speaker adaptation method for speech recognition, and is expected to be very useful for a wide range of applications. Since voice individuality is phoneme dependent, speaker adaptation must be performed model dependently. However, it is impossible to obtain a complete model sequence, that is, what is spoken, for each input utterance, especially for speakers who have many recognition errors when using speaker-independent models. Therefore, how to perform model-dependent adaptation without knowing the correct model sequence is a crucial issue. If all possible model sequences were hypothesized and used for adaptation, the amount of calculation would become enormous. This paper proposes a new adaptation method, in which N-best hypotheses are created by applying speaker-independent phone models to each input utterance, and speaker adaptation based on a constrained MAP estimation technique is then applied to each hypothesis. Using this method, the likelihood of a correct hypothesis existing in a low rank with speaker-independent models rises, and, as a result, recognition accuracy increases. Experimental results for several continuous speech recognition tasks show that recognition accuracy is increased by this method, even for speakers who have very low accuracy with speaker-independent models.
Lubricant-Derived Ash Properties and Their Effects on Diesel Particulate Filter Pressure-Drop Performance (2010)

Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) have seen widespread use in on- and off-road applications as an effective means for meeting increasingly stringent particle emission regulations. Over time, incombustible material or ash, primarily derived from metallic additives in the engine lubricant, accumulates in the DPF. Ash accumulation leads to increased flow restriction and an associated increase in pressure-drop across the particulate filter, negatively impacting engine performance and fuel economy and eventually requiring periodic filter service or replacement. While the adverse effects of ash accumulation on DPF performance are well known, the underlying mechanisms controlling these effects are not. The results of this work show ash accumulation and distribution in the DPF as a dynamic process with each stage of ash accumulation altering the filter’s pressure-drop response. Through a combined approach employing targeted experiments and comparison with the existing knowledge base, this work further demonstrates the significant effect ash deposits have on DPF pressure-drop sensitivity to soot accumulation. Ash deposits reduce the available filtration area, resulting in locally elevated soot loads and higher exhaust gas velocities through the filter, altering the conditions under which the soot is deposited and ultimately controlling the filter’s pressure-drop characteristics. In this study, a novel accelerated ash loading system was employed to generate the ash and load the DPFs under carefully controlled exhaust conditions. The ash loading system was coupled to the exhaust of a Cummins ISB diesel engine, allowing for accelerated ash loading and DPF performance evaluation with realistic exhaust conditions. Following DPF performance evaluation, the filters were subjected to a detailed post-mortem analysis in which key ash properties were measured and quantified. The experimental results, coupled with the ash property measurements, provide additional insight into the underlying physical mechanisms controlling ash properties, ash/soot interactions, and their effects on DPF performance.
High-damage threshold antireflectors by physical-vapor-deposited amorphous fluoropolymer (1994)

High laser-resistant anti-reflective coatings were made from an amorphous fluoropolymer (Teflon AF2400) material by physical vapor deposition. Single layers of Teflon AF2400 were thermally deposited in a vacuum chamber. The refractive index and adhesion of the coatings were determined as a function of deposition rate (2 to 20 angstroms/s), substrate temperature (20 to 200 degree(s)C), and glow-discharge bias potential (-1500 to 1500 V).
Erythroid Expression of the Heme-Regulated eIF-2α Kinase (1994)

The role of heme-regulated eIF-2 alpha kinase (HRI) in the regulation of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes is well documented. Inhibitors of protein synthesis with properties similar to those of HRI have been described in some nonerythroid cell types, but it has not yet been determined whether these eIF-2 alpha kinase activities are mediated by HRI or one or more as yet uncharacterized kinases. We have studied the expression of mRNA, polypeptide, and kinase activities of HRI in various tissues from both nonanemic and anemic rabbits. Our results indicate that HRI is expressed in an erythroid cell-specific manner. HRI is present in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of both nonanemic and anemic rabbits but not in any of the other tissues tested. HRI mRNA is present at low levels in uninduced mouse erythroleukemic (MEL) cells and human K562 cells and accumulates to higher levels upon induction. The accumulation of HRI mRNA in differentiating MEL cells is dependent upon the presence of heme. The addition of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT), an inhibitor of heme biosynthesis, to the induction medium markedly reduced HRI mRNA accumulation. Simultaneous addition of hemin and AT to the dimethyl sulfoxide induction medium largely prevented the inhibition of HRI mRNA induction by AT. These findings indicate that HRI is expressed in an erythroid cell-specific manner and that the major physiologic role of HRI is in adjusting the synthesis of globins to the availability of heme.
Microwave antenna design for myocardial tissue ablation applications (2002)

Summary form only given. Transcatheter ablation, a technology for electrically annihilating aberrant heart tissue, has been developed to cure certain forms of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. Originally entirely surgical procedures were used to remove the aberrant tissue but more recently three techniques have been developed for ablating cardiac tissues through electronically induced heating. These are: (1) the high energy DC-induced current method, (2) the radiofrequency (RF) energy method, and (3) the microwave probe radiator method. With all three techniques a flexible catheter probe is inserted, via a small incision made in an arm or leg, into the body through a vein and into the heart. The two former methods produce ablative heat through current flow from an electrode at the tip of the catheter to an electrode pad placed on the surface of the skin. The latter method produces heat exclusively through microwave radiation from the catheter probe. Presently the RF probe is most widely used because it avoids painful side-effects associated with high energy DC-induced current. As yet, only the high frequency radiator method has not been developed to the point that it can be used in humans. In the present paper some ofthe advantages, design challenges and research on the myocardial transcatheter microwave probe are discussed.
Multiple-pulse laser annealing of preamorphized silicon for ultrashallow boron junction formation (2003)

Advantages of multiple-pulse laser annealing with a moderate energy fluence over a single-pulse annealing with a high energy fluence are demonstrated on the formation of shallow p+/n junction. When the silicon surface is preamorphized, the multiple-pulse laser annealing with a fluence adjusted to a value which can melt the amorphous layer but not crystal silicon shows that the successive pulses do not increase junction depth further but decrease sheet resistance significantly. Under this condition, the junction depth is still controlled by the depth of the preamorphized layer. However, when the laser fluence is high enough to melt the crystal silicon, the successive pulses result in the deepening of junction depth. This is attributed to the increase of surface roughness by the successive pulses, thereby increasing the total absorbed energy.
<title>Performance of dielectric elastomer actuators and materials</title> (2002)

Dielectric elastomer actuators performance depends on their construction and the way they are driven. We describe the governing equations for the dynamic performance of actuators and show examples of their use. Both the properties of the base elastomer material and the compliant electrodes influence the actuators performance. The mechanical and electrical properties of elastomers are discussed with a focus on an acrylate pressure sensitive adhesive from 3M, which is used by a number of groups. The influence of these properties on the actuator properties is analyzed.
Focus and CD Control by Scatterometry Measurements for 65/45 nm Node Devices (2009)

A method using scatterometry for simultaneous focus and critical dimension (CD) control method has been developed. Our focus and CD measurement method uses a five-layer scatterometry model and provides stable focus measurement when the exposure dose fluctuates. We utilize this feature and consider applying it to the response surface methodology model for focus and CD control. This control optimizes focus and calculates the correct dose allowing for the focus effect. We have confirmed that this method controls photoresist shape accurately and reduces the CD variation for 65 nm devices by 80%.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Zeolite A by Resorcinol−Formaldehyde Aerogel Templating (2004)

Mesoporous zeolite A has been synthesized by using a template method with resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels having three-dimensional mesopores. It was characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The pore size distribution calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm is a bimodal distribution with micropores and mesopores. Field emission scanning electron micrograph observations confirm the presence of mesopores.
Inter-Area P2MP Segmented LSPs (2011)

This document describes procedures for building inter-area point-to-
multipoint (P2MP) segmented service LSPs by partitioning such LSPs
into intra-area segments and using BGP as the inter-area routing and
label distribution protocol. Within each IGP area the intra-area
segments are either carried over intra-area P2MP LSPs, using P2MP LSP
hierarchy, or instantiated using ingress replication. The intra-area
P2MP LSPs may be signaled using P2MP RSVP-TE or P2MP mLDP. If ingress
replication is used in an IGP area then MP2P LDP LSPs or P2P RSVP-TE
LSPs may be used. The applications/services that use such an inter-
area service LSP may be BGP MVPN, VPLS multicast or Internet multicast
over MPLS.
ADS-Bsec: A Holistic Framework to Secure ADS-B (2018)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is one the most prominent air traffic surveillance technologies that emerged in recent years. It can be used not only as a complement to existing radar-based technologies to locate aircraft, but also as a replacement in areas without radar coverage. However, a major flaw in the deployment of this technology is its reliance on clear-text, open broadcast of messages, which makes it vulnerable to attackers. In this paper, we propose ADS-Bsec, a holistic framework that solves the root cause of ADS-B problems by enforcing the much needed authenticity and integrity in ADS-B messages. It does so without changing the message format, and along with a proper key exchange mechanism. In addition, our framework also leverages results from radio-location and risk-adaptive techniques in order to prevent attacks targeting ADS-B. An important characteristic of our framework is that it was mostly implemented using a test bed with actual prototype radios, which mimics as much as possible real flight conditions. As a result, our framework is a promising approach for integrating ADS-B to NextGen infrastructure in a secure and affordable fashion.
An <i>Arabidopsis</i> gene encoding an α-xylosyltransferase involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis (2002)

Microsomal membranes catalyze the formation of xyloglucan from UDP-Glc and UDP-Xyl by cooperative action of alpha-xylosyltransferase and beta-glucan synthase activities. Here we report that etiolated pea microsomes contain an alpha-xylosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of xylose from UDP-[(14)C]xylose onto beta(1,4)-linked glucan chains. The solubilized enzyme had the capacity to transfer xylosyl residues onto cello-oligosaccharides having 5 or more glucose residues. Analysis of the data from these biochemical assays led to the identification of a group of Arabidopsis genes and the hypothesis that one or more members of this group may encode alpha-xylosyltransferases involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis. To evaluate this hypothesis, the candidate genes were expressed in Pichia pastoris and their activities measured with the biochemical assay described above. One of the candidate genes showed cello-oligosaccharide-dependent xylosyltransferase activity. Characterization of the radiolabeled products obtained with cellopentaose as acceptor indicated that the pea and the Arabidopsis enzymes transfer the (14)C-labeled xylose mainly to the second glucose residue from the nonreducing end. Enzymatic digestion of these radiolabeled products produced results that would be expected if the xylose was attached in an alpha(1,6)-linkage to the glucan chain. We conclude that this Arabidopsis gene encodes an alpha-xylosyltransferase activity involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis.
Polarized fluorescent nanospheres (2010)

Fluorescent beads (nanoparticles, nanospheres) are commonly used in fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. Due to the random distribution of dye and high dye to nanoparticle ratio, the fluorescence polarization observed from the beads is low. Therefore beads are not used for polarization study. We demonstrate that photoselective bleaching creates beads with highly polarized fluorescence. First, the beads were immobilized in a PVA polymer. Second, the beads-doped PVA film was exposed to the illumination within the dye absorption band. A progressive decrease of absorption was observed. Next, photophysical properties of photobleached and not bleached films dissolved in water were compared.
Two-Stage Learning for Uplink Channel Estimation in One-Bit Massive MIMO (2019)

We develop a two-stage deep learning pipeline architecture to estimate the uplink massive MIMO channel with one-bit ADCs. This deep learning pipeline is composed of two separate generative deep learning models. The first one is a supervised learning model and designed to compensate for the quantization loss. The second one is an unsupervised learning model and optimized for denoising. Our results show that the proposed deep learning-based channel estimator can significantly outperform other state-of-the-art channel estimators for one-bit quantized massive MIMO systems. In particular, our design provides 5-10 dB gain in channel estimation error. Furthermore, it requires a reasonable amount of pilots, on the order of 20 per coherence time interval.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of 20-deoxo-20(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)desmycosin (tilmicosin, EL-870) and related cyclic amino derivatives. (1989)

A series of 20-deoxo-20-cyclic (alkylamino) derivatives of tylosin, desmycosin, macrocin and lactenocin was prepared by reductive amination of the C-20 aldehyde group. The majority of the compounds were prepared using metal hydrides (sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium borohydride) as the reducing agents and a suitable cyclic alkylamine. Subsequently, a more convenient procedure was developed using formic acid as a reducing agent. The C-20 amino derivatives prepared from desmycosin exhibited good in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida (MIC range of 0.78 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml) as well as Mycoplasma species (MIC range of 0.39 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml). Several derivatives showed excellent oral efficacy against infections caused by P. multocida in chicks. One of these derivatives, 20-deoxo-20-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)desmycosin (tilmicosin or EL-870) was selected for development as a therapeutic agent for pasteurellosis in calves and pigs.
Ectopic production of prostate specific antigen by a breast tumor metastatic to the ovary (1994)

We have recently reported that about 30% of breast tumors produce prostate specific antigen (PSA). We examined here, 99 primary ovarian cancer tumors and found relatively low levels of PSA in only three tumors. One patient with metastatic ovarian cancer from a primary breast tumor, produced relatively high levels of PSA and responded well to antiestrogen treatment although she was steroid receptor-negative. Another patient with metastatic ovarian cancer from a primary breast tumor did not produce PSA and did not respond to treatment although she was steroid hormone receptor-positive. This data describe for the first time, ectopic PSA production by a breast tumor at the ovarian metastatic site and further support the view that PSA is a favourable prognostic indicator in breast cancer.