gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing Electrofishing-Induced Injury of Rainbow Trout (1994)

We conducted three sets of experiments to determine aspects of pulsed direct current responsible for high incidence of spinal injury in electrofished rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and to test the electrotaxis efficiency of a new complex pulse pattern (low-frequency bursts of high-frequency pulses). In the first set of experiments, we energized three types of anodes with current pulsed at 60 pulses per second (pps) to produce fields with relatively low, intermediate, or high voltage gradients near the anode. Results showed no direct relationship between voltage gradient and injury rate. In the second set of experiments, we tested the complex pulse pattern and four other pulse frequencies using a spherical anode. The results demonstrated a low injury rate with the complex pulse pattern and a curvilinear increase in spinal injuries with rising pulse frequency. Moderate to high pulse frequencies, therefore, rather than high voltage gradients, appear to be the primary cause ofspinal injury. We suggest that more fish injuries are seen at higher pulse frequencies because these injuries are caused by myoclonic jerks associated with shock-induced epileptic seizures, and such seizures develop more rapidly at higher frequencies than at lower frequencies. In the third set of experiments, we found the electrotaxis efficiency of the complex pulse pattern was similar to those of regular 60 pps and 30 pps patterns. The complex pattern, therefore, combined low incidence of injury with good electrotaxis and narcosis.
Development of Liquefaction Process for Natural Gas. (1997)

A new liquefaction process for natural gas is developed to improve process thermal efficiency while using industrial standard equipment. The new process consists of a pre-cooling section which uses mixed refrigerant with brazed aluminum plate-fin exchangers or a spool wound heat exchanger, and a liquefaction section which uses an iso-entropic expander. Thermal efficiency of the new liquefaction process is confirmed to be of the highest level compared with other liquefaction processes. Also, since the new liquefaction process is constructed with commonly available industrial equipment, it can be readily adapted to liquefaction plants of any capacity without requiring expensive and specially designed equipment.
A Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources (DAMAS) Determined from Phased Microphone Arrays (2004)

Current processing of acoustic array data is burdened with considerable uncertainty. This study reports an original methodology that serves to demystify array results, reduce misinterpretation, and accurately quantify position and strength of acoustic sources. Traditional array results represent noise sources that are convolved with array beamform response functions, which depend on array geometry, size (with respect to source position and distributions), and frequency. The Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources (DAMAS) method removes beamforming characteristics from output presentations. A unique linear system of equations accounts for reciprocal influence at different locations over the array survey region. It makes no assumption beyond the traditional processing assumption of statistically independent noise sources. The full rank equations are solved with a new robust iterative method. DAMAS is quantitatively validated using archival data from a variety of prior high-lift airframe component noise studies, including flap edge/cove, trailing edge, leading edge, slat, and calibration sources. Presentations are explicit and straightforward, as the noise radiated from a region of interest is determined by simply summing the mean-squared values over that region. DAMAS can fully replace existing array processing and presentations methodology in most applications. It appears to dramatically increase the value of arrays to the field of experimental acoustics.
Abstract 3803: Development of genetic and chemical tools for understanding the recruitment of DOT1L in MLL-fusion driven leukemia and normal hematopoiesis (2016)

Abstract Leukemias harboring rearrangements of mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL1) are associated with poor clinical outcomes, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Rearrangements of the MLL1 gene generate fusion oncoproteins which drive the high expression of the clustered homeobox (HOX) genes and induce leukemic transformation. Genome wide histone methylation studies have revealed that the abnormal expression of MLL1 fusion target genes is associated with high levels of histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methylation. Recruitment of DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like), a unique histone methyltransferase that catalyzes methylation of H3K79, proved to be essential for the transforming activity of multiple MLL fusion proteins. To gain insights into the unique functions of DOT1L in MLL-driven leukemia, we elucidated the mechanisms of DOT1L recruitment to the MLL fusion partners. The binding site was mapped to a short segment of 10 amino acids in DOT1L and peptides derived from this region disrupted the interaction between DOT1L and MLL-AF9. DOT1L mutants lacking these 10 residues did not support transformation by MLL-AF9. This discovery has established a foundation for disease-specific therapies that target chromatin modifications in highly malignant leukemias. Applying high throughput screening approach several different chemical classes of small molecules that disrupt the protein-protein interactions between DOT1L and oncogenic MLL-fusion proteins were identified and validated. To evaluate if the AF9-binding domain of DOT1L is critical for its functions in normal hematopoietic stem cells as opposed to leukemias driven by MLL fusion proteins, genetic tools were developed to functionally investigate the importance of the DOT1L AF9-binding domain in MLL-AF9-driven leukemia and its role in the physiological functions of DOT1L in normal hematopoiesis. Our findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of the DOT1L complex through disrupting the AF9-DOT1L interactions may provide therapeutic benefits in an array of malignancies with abnormal HOXA gene expression. Citation Format: Sierrah Grigsby, Jennifer Chase, James Ropa, Justin Serio, Chenxi Shen, Martha Larsen, Preston Donover, Melvin Reichman, Andrew Muntean, Ivan Maillard, Zaneta Nikolovska-Coleska. Development of genetic and chemical tools for understanding the recruitment of DOT1L in MLL-fusion driven leukemia and normal hematopoiesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3803.
A Comparison of Silver Nitrate with Erythromycin for Prophylaxis Against Ophthalmia Neonatorum (1992)

Although prophylactic eyedrops to treat ophthalmia neonatorum is mandated nationwide, states and hospitals are free to choose specific drugs. To compare two of these agents, we studied the incidence and characteristics of ophthalmia neonatorum in two UCLA teaching hospitals over a five-year period. One, which used 1% silver nitrate solution exclusively, had 50 cases in 34,772 births, a frequency of 0.14%. The other used 0.5% erythromycin ointment exclusively and had 43 cases in 12,652 births, a frequency of 0.34%. Ophthalmia neonatorum was more frequent in the hospital using erythromycin (p less than 0.001), as was chlamydial conjunctivitis (p less than 0.02). Although not statistically significant, gonococcal conjunctivitis was found in four infants, all in the hospital using silver nitrate. Because silver nitrate was found more effective in decreasing the total frequency of all cases of ophthalmia neonatorum, and cases caused by Chlamydia and gram-negative bacteria specifically, this drug still should be considered as a primary prophylactic agent against ophthalmia neonatorum.
LoopMaker (2018)

Music loops are seamlessly repeatable segments of music that can be used for music composition as well as backing tracks for media such as videos, webpages, and games. They are regularly used by both professional musicians as well as novices with very little experience in audio editing and music composition. The process of creating music loops can be challenging and tedious, particularly for novices. We present LoopMaker, an interactive system that assists users in creating and exploring music loops from pre-recorded music. Our system can be used in a semi-automatic mode in which it refines a user's rough selection of a loop. It can also be used in a fully automatic mode in which it creates a number of loops from a given piece of music and interactively allows the user to explore these loops. Our user study suggests that our system makes the loop creation process significantly faster, easier, and more enjoyable than manual creation for both novices and experts. It also suggests that the quality of these loops are comparable to manually created loops by experts.
Synthesis of Chlorotrifluoroethylene-Based Block Copolymers by Iodine Transfer Polymerization (2014)

Various fluorinated macro-chain transfer agents (CTAs) based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), or CTFE and vinylidene chloride (VDC), were synthesized by iodine transfer polymerization (ITP). These macro-CTAs were involved in a further ITP reaction that led to the synthesis of original CTFE-based block copolymers exhibiting molecular weight ranging from 2500 to 40000 g/mol and endowed with high thermal stabilities (decomposition temperature at 10% weight loss of ca. 380 °C, under air). ITP of CTFE and VDC as well as ITP of VDF thermally initiated at 100 °C by a catalytic amount of dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub>) are reported for the first time.
Analyzing and Troubleshooting Plunger-Lifted Wells (2006)

Abstract Development of a new portable monitoring system has taken the guesswork out of plunger lift analysis, troubleshooting and optimization. During one or more plunger lift cycles at high sampling speeds this system acquires data from the tubing acoustic signals plus pressure recordings from both the tubing and casing. The plunger generates an acoustic pulse as it falls through each tubing collar recess when the well is shut-in. Each acoustic pulse travels through the gas in the tubing and is detected at the surface. The pulses are converted to an electrical signal by a microphone and pressure transducer. The signals are digitized, stored and processed in a computer to determine plunger position, plunger fall velocity, and plunger arrival at the liquid level in the tubing. By analyzing the collected data the operator can ensure that the plunger reaches the bottom of the tubing before the end of the shut-in time period. Setting the well's controller to have the shortest possible shut-in time period can maximize oil and gas production from the plunger lift installation. Example data collected from various plunger lifted wells are presented in this paper to show how to identify operational problems such as holes in the tubing, stuck plungers and plungers not getting to bottom. The problem of not knowing the plunger location during the operation cycle has been overcome with this new technology by allowing the operator to see the plunger location at any time during the cycle. Having a detailed analysis of the operation of the well makes optimization of plunger lift production achievable with a minimum of effort and avoids the usual waste of time due to trial and error procedures. Knowing the plunger's location is equally important for timer-based as well as intelligent controllers, since in both cases it is necessary to make initial estimates of the appropriate shut-in time, plunger arrival time and plunger fall time. The capability to calculate the volumes of liquid and gas produced during the cycle and determining the well's inflow performance gives valuable information to determine the opportunity for increased production. Determining the position and velocity of the plunger throughout the cycle can aid in maximizing oil and gas production of a plunger lift installation.
A Technique of Multi-Tap Long Term Predictor (LTP) Filter Using Sub-Sample Resolution Delay (2006)

The method of a 1/sup st/ order long-term predictor (LTP) filter, using a sub-sample resolution delay, is extended to a multi-tap LTP filter, or, equivalently, the conventional integer-sample resolution multi-tap LTP filter is extended to use sub-sample resolution delay. Defining the delay with sub-sample resolution enables this novel multi-tap LTP filter to explicitly model delay values that have a fractional component. The filter coefficients, largely freed from implicitly modeling the effect of delays that have a fractional component, seek to maximize the prediction gain of the LTP filter by modeling the frequency dependent gain. This is in contrast to a conventional multitap LTP filter, which applies a single model to tackle the dual tasks of representing the non-integer valued delays and the frequency dependent gain. Experimental results are presented for narrowband and wideband speech. This technique is part of the 3GPP2 source-controlled variable-rate multimode wideband speech codec (VMR-WB) rate set 1 standard.
Fabrication of surface textures by ion implantation for antireflection of silicon crystals (2010)

We report on a method based on ion implantation and thermal annealing to fabricate silicon surface textures for antireflection purposes. Modification to crystalline Si surfaces by hydrogen ion implantation is a well known phenomenon, but the surface structures generated by H implantation alone, typically of a low packing density and small aspect ratio, are not effective in suppressing light reflection from Si. We show that coimplantation of hydrogen and argon, combined with thermal annealing and oxidation, can result in an interesting surface morphology in Si crystals, yielding the lowest light reflectance of ∼1% over a broad spectral range at various light incident angles. In addition, lattice damage to crystalline Si generated by ion implantation is reduced or completely removed by the annealing processes. Possible mechanisms for the formation of such observed surface textures are discussed.
Complex formation between the protein components of methane monooxygenase from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. Identification of sites of component interaction. (1991)

Kinetic, spectroscopic, and chemical evidence for the formation of specific catalytically essential complexes between the three protein components of the soluble form of methane monooxygenase from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b is reported. The effects of the concentrations of the reductase and component B on the hydroxylation activity of the reconstituted enzyme system has been numerically simulated based on a kinetic model which assumes formation of multiple high affinity complexes with the hydroxylase component during catalysis. The formation of several of these complexes has been directly demonstrated. By using EPR spectroscopy, the binding of approximately 2 mol of component B/mol of hydroxylase (subunit structure (alpha beta gamma)2) is shown to significantly change the electronic environment of the mu-(H/R)-oxo-bridged binuclear iron cluster of the hydroxylase in both the mixed valent (Fe(II).Fe(III)) and fully reduced (Fe(II).Fe(II)) states. Protein-protein complexes between the reductase and component B as well as between the reductase and hydroxylase have been shown to form by monitoring quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence spectrum of either the component B (KD approximately 0.4 microM) or hydroxylase (two binding sites, KDa approximately 10 nM, KDb approximately 8 microM). The observed KD values are in agreement with the best fit values from the kinetic simulation. Through the use of the covalent zero length cross-linking reagent 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), the binding sites of the component B and reductase were shown to be on the hydroxylase alpha and beta subunits, respectively. The alpha and beta subunits of the hydroxylase are cross-linked by EDC suggesting that they are juxtaposed. EDC also caused the rapid loss of the ability of the monomeric component B to stimulate the hydroxylation reaction suggesting that cross-linking of reactive groups on the protein surface had occurred. This effect was inhibited by the presence of hydroxylase and was accompanied by a loss of the ability of the component B to bind to the hydroxylase. Thus, formation of a component B-hydroxylase complex is apparently required for effective catalysis linked to NADH oxidation. When present in concentrations greater than required to saturate the initial hydroxylase complex, component B inhibited both the rate of the enzymic reaction and the cross-linking of the reductase to the hydroxylase. This suggests that a second complex involving component B can form that negatively regulates catalysis by preventing formation of the reductase-hydroxylase complex.
Use of metal spheres as calibration devices for acoustic scattering measurements (1980)

Tungsten-carbide spheres may be used as calibration targets in laboratory acoustic-scattering measurements. The steady-state response of any metal sphere in water greatly differs from a rigid body return over almost the entire frequency spectrum; however, the rigid body and elastic returns can be separated in a short pulse, broadband experiment. This rigid-body echo can then be used as a reference to normalize the scattering returns from targets of interest.
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Flow Control (2009)

The term plasma actuator has now been a part of the fluid dynamics flow-control vernacular for more than a decade. A particular type of plasma actuator that has gained wide use is based on a single–dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) mechanism that has desirable features for use in air at atmospheric pressures. For these actuators, the mechanism of flow control is through a generated body-force vector field that couples with the momentum in the external flow. The body force can be derived from first principles, and the effect of plasma actuators can be easily incorporated into flow solvers so that their placement and operation can be optimized. They have been used in a wide range of internal and external flow applications. Although initially considered useful only at low speeds, plasma actuators are effective in a number of applications at high subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers, owing largely to more optimized actuator designs that were developed through better understanding and modeling of the actuator physics. New applications continue to appear through a growing number of programs in the United States, Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, Russia, Australia, Japan, and China. This review provides an overview of the physics and modeling of SDBD plasma actuators. It highlights some of the capabilities of plasma actuators through examples from experiments and simulations.
Transform coding for fast approximate nearest neighbor search in high dimensions (2010)

We examine the problem of large scale nearest neighbor search in high dimensional spaces and propose a new approach based on the close relationship between nearest neighbor search and that of signal representation and quantization. Our contribution is a very simple and efficient quantization technique using transform coding and product quantization. We demonstrate its effectiveness in several settings, including large-scale retrieval, nearest neighbor classification, feature matching, and similarity search based on the bag-of-words representation. Through experiments on standard data sets we show it is competitive with state-of-the-art methods, with greater speed, simplicity, and generality. The resulting compact representation can be the basis for more elaborate hierarchical search structures for sub-linear approximate search. However, we demonstrate that optimized linear search using the quantized representation is extremely fast and trivially parallelizable on modern computer architectures, with further acceleration possible by way of GPU implementation.
Suppression of Serum Interferon‐γ Levels as a Potential Measure of Response to Ustekinumab Treatment in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2020)

While not diminishing a potential role of IL-23, these serum biomarker assessments indicate that IL-12 blockade has an important role in the mechanism of action of ustekinumab treatment in patients with SLE.
Accelerating Test Automation through a Domain Specific Language (2017)

Test automation involves the automatic execution of test scripts instead of being manually run. This significantly reduces the amount of manual effort needed and thus is of great interest to the software testing industry. There are two key problems in the existing tools and methods for test automation - a) Creating an automation test script is essentially a code development task, which most testers are not trained on; and b) the automation test script is seldom readable, making the task of maintenance an effort intensive process. We present the Accelerating Test Automation Platform (ATAP) which is aimed at making test automation accessible to non-programmers. ATAP allows the creation of an automation test script through a domain specific language based on English. The English-like test scripts are automatically converted to machine executable code using Selenium WebDriver. ATAP's English-like test script makes it easy for non-programmers to author. The functional flow of an ATAP script is easy to understand as well thus making maintenance simpler (you can understand the flow of the test script when you revisit it many months later). ATAP has been built around the Eclipse ecosystem and has been used in a real-life testing project. We present the details of the implementation of ATAP and the results from its usage in practice.
Dynamic maximum power injection control of AC photovoltaic modules using current-mode control (2006)

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies are an essential part of photovoltaic (PV) power converters' control. These algorithms maintain the operation of the PV panel at the optimal point for maximum performance. In addition, the power converter must synchronise with the electricity grid and inject the power extracted from the PV panel. These two tasks are executed by the controller in the power conditioning unit. This, however, results in complicated control loops. Moreover, the interaction with the grid may cause stability problems in the power converter during voltage disturbances. The dynamic control of PV modules connected to the electricity supply presented by the authors provides a substantial improvement in power converter stability and ease of implementation. This strategy combines grid power injection control and PV MPPT into a single control block. The first objective is achieved using current-mode control to shape the current injection whereas the latter objective exploits the dynamic behaviour of the PV panel to determine changes in the grid current magnitude. An implemented prototype system shows the performance of the proposed strategy and the results are compared against commercially available inverters.
Seismic lithologic modeling (1984)

One goal of the seismic method is to derive detailed lithologic information, such as acoustic impedance or interval velocity for thin layers, from seismic reflection data. Aside from the presence of noise in the data, this goal is difficult to attain because reflections are always bandlimited and can interfere with one another.
A microstrip array operating in a fracton mode [fractal geometry] (2004)

A high-directivity microstrip array using multilevel elements based on a fractal geometry is theoretically compared with one using circular patches. Within the same electrical area, the same directivity can be obtained. However, the number of elements for the fractal-based array is 2.84 times less, reducing the complexity of the feeding network and overall array.