gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Markedly reduced chronic nociceptive response in mice lacking the PAC1 receptor (2001)

The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been proposed to have a role in nociception. Here we have used the formalin test, thermal laser stimulation and mechanical von Frey stimulation to investigate possible alteration of PAC1-/- mice nociceptive behaviour. Our finding, that PAC1-/- mice have a substantial, 75% decrease in nociceptive response during the late phase, provides clear evidence that the specific PACAP-receptor PAC1 is involved in the mediation of nociceptive responses during chronic conditions such as inflammation. PAC1-/- mice had small or no changes in the response to mechanical and thermal laser stimulation. This suggests a limited, if any, involvement of PAC1 in nociception after short-lasting stimuli. Injury-induced changes in DRG neuropeptide expression were more pronounced in PAC1-/- mice, implying neuroregulatory functions of PAC1.
Super‐Resolution Nonlinear Photothermal Microscopy (2013)

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy enables imaging of fluorescent structures beyond the diffraction limit. However, this technique cannot be applied to weakly fluorescent cellular components or labels. As an alternative, photothermal microscopy based on nonradiative transformation of absorbed energy into heat has demonstrated imaging of nonfluorescent structures including single molecules and ~1-nm gold nanoparticles. However, previously photothermal imaging has been performed with a diffraction-limited resolution only. Herein, super-resolution, far-field photothermal microscopy based on nonlinear signal dependence on the laser energy is introduced. Among various nonlinear phenomena, including absorption saturation, multiphoton absorption, and signal temperature dependence, signal amplification by laser-induced nanobubbles around overheated nano-objects is explored. A Gaussian laser beam profile is used to demonstrate the image spatial sharpening for calibrated 260-nm metal strips, resolving of a plasmonic nanoassembly, visualization of 10-nm gold nanoparticles in graphene, and hemoglobin nanoclusters in live erythrocytes with resolution down to 50 nm. These nonlinear phenomena can be used for 3D imaging with improved lateral and axial resolution in most photothermal methods, including photoacoustic microscopy.
Detection of NH<sub>3</sub> using logarithmic-transformed wavelength modulation spectroscopy (2017)

Conventional wavelength modulation spectroscopy is improved by logarithmic-transformed data processing for trace gas sensing. Via the logarithmic-transformation, the optic intensity modulation is isolated from the gas absorption induced laser power attenuation, and then the optic intensity modulation is offset by its equivalent which is obtained from a referenced beam. The method is validated by the detection of P(6) NH<sub>3</sub>-absorption line in a stainless tube with effective path length of 24.5 cm, under room temperature (296 K) and atmospheric pressure (1.01e5 Pa). The second harmonic is recovered while the residual amplitude modulation and distortion of curve are eliminated. A 0.7 ppm (part per million) detection limit is inferred on the assumption that the signal is equal with the noise.
Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy as a Tool for Monitoring Aggregation in Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics (2014)

Aggregation continues to be a critical quality attribute for a monoclonal antibody therapeutic product due to its perceived significant impact on immunogenicity. This paper aims to establish the versatility of circular dichorism (CD) spectroscopy toward understanding aggregation of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. The first application involves the use of far-UV CD as a complementary analytical technique to size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for understanding protein aggregation. The second application uses thermal scanning CD as a high throughput screening tool for examining stability of a mAb therapeutic in various formulation and downstream buffers. For establishing far-UV CD as an orthogonal technique, a mAb was incubated in different downstream processing buffers and another mAb in formulation buffers, and they were analyzed by SEC and far-UV CD for aggregate content and conformational stability, respectively. To examine thermal scanning as a high throughput screening tool, ellipticity as a function of the temperature was measured at 218 nm from 20 to 90 °C. Far-UV CD was found to display high sensitivity toward early detection of conformational changes in mAb. CD measurements were also able to elucidate the different aggregation mechanisms. Furthermore, thermal stability scan allowed us to estimate T(onset) which has been found to correlate with aggregation induced by salt, low pH, and buffer species. T(onset) temperature from thermal scanning at 218 nm using CD was correlated successfully to aggregate content measured by SEC. Results from both the studies demonstrate the usefulness of CD for assessing stability of therapeutic proteins during process development, formulation development, and product characterization.
Fast ASR-free and Almost Zero-resource Keyword Spotting Using DTW and CNNs for Humanitarian Monitoring (2018)

We use dynamic time warping (DTW) as supervision for training a convolutional neural network (CNN) based keyword spotting system using a small set of spoken isolated keywords. The aim is to allow rapid deployment of a keyword spotting system in a new language to support urgent United Nations (UN) relief programmes in parts of Africa where languages are extremely under-resourced and the development of annotated speech resources is infeasible. First, we use 1920 recorded keywords (40 keyword types, 34 minutes of speech) as exemplars in a DTW-based template matching system and apply it to untranscribed broadcast speech. Then, we use the resulting DTW scores as targets to train a CNN on the same unlabelled speech. In this way we use just 34 minutes of labelled speech, but leverage a large amount of unlabelled data for training. While the resulting CNN keyword spotter cannot match the performance of the DTW-based system, it substantially outperforms a CNN classifier trained only on the keywords, improving the area under the ROC curve from 0.54 to 0.64. Because our CNN system is several orders of magnitude faster at runtime than the DTW system, it represents the most viable keyword spotter on this extremely limited dataset.
Applications of cost-effective spectral imaging microscopy in cancer research (2003)

The application of a cost-effective spectral imager to spatially segmenting absorptive and fluorescent chemical probes on the basis of their spectral characteristics has been demonstrated. The imager comprises a computer-controlled spectrally selective element that allows random access to a bandwidth of 15 nm between 400 and 700 nm. Further, the use of linear un-mixing of the spectral response of a sample at a single pixel has been facilitated using non-negative least squares fitting. Examples are given showing the separation of dye distributions, such as immunohistochemical markers for tumour hypoxia, from multiply stained thin tissue sections, imaged by trans-illumination microscopy. A quantitative study is also presented that shows a correlation between staining intensity and normal versus tumour tissue, and the advantage of reducing the amount of data captured for a particular study is also demonstrated. An example of the application to fluorescence microscopy is also given, showing the separation of green fluorescent protein, Cy3 and Cy5 at a single pixel. The system has been validated against samples of known optical density and of known overlapping combinations of coloured filters. These results confirm the ability of this technique to separate spectral responses that cannot be resolved with conventional colour imaging.
JAPANESE ENGINEERS SEE LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL (1985)

A Japanese company called Mac has filed a British patent application (2 143 396) for a laser surveying system which guides tunnellers in straight lines and steers them around corners. A laser is mounted near the tunnel entrance and its beam centred on a target box on the excavating machine. In the box is a video camera which produces a replica of the beam's spot on a television screen. The spot's position is logged in a digital memory. As the excavator moves off a straight line route the beam's spot moves accordingly on the screen and the digital circuits log its motion. This log is compared with a program written onto a computer's tape or disk when the tunnel was planned. When the beam's position matches the computerized plan the machine is on course. Any discrepancy results in a signal to bring the excavator back in line with the planned route. (TRRL)
Robotic approach to catheter ablation (2008)

These two novel technologies offer the fascinating option of performing catheter ablation in a remote-controlled fashion. Future studies and head-to-head comparisons with conventional ablation techniques will prove the impact of remote navigation, which hopefully will remove invasive electrophysiologists away from patients without the risks of reduced efficacy or increased procedural risks.
An e-mail honeypot addressing spammers' behavior in collecting and applying addresses (2005)

Spam has become one of the most annoying and costly phenomenon in the Internet. Valid e-mail addresses belong to the most valuable resources of spammers, but little is known about spammers' behavior when collecting and harvesting addresses and spammers' capabilities and interest in carefully directed, consumer-oriented marketing have not been explored yet. Gaining insight into spammers' ways to obtain and (mis)use e-mail addresses is useful in many ways, e.g. for the assessment of the effectiveness of address obscuring techniques and the usability and necessity of hiding e-mail addresses on the Internet. This paper presents a spam honeypot project in progress addressing these issues by systematically placing e-mail addresses in the Internet and analyzing received e-mails. The honeypot's conceptual framework, its implementation, and first empirical results are presented. Finally, an outlook on further work and activities is provided.
Deciphering the mechanism of the Ni-photocatalyzed C‒O cross-coupling reaction using a tridentate pyridinophane ligand (2022)

Photoredox nickel catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy for cross-coupling reactions. Although the involvement of paramagnetic Ni(I)/Ni(III) species as active intermediates in the catalytic cycle has been proposed, a thorough spectroscopic investigation of these species is lacking. Herein, we report the tridentate pyridinophane ligands <sup>R</sup>N3 that allow for detailed mechanistic studies of the photocatalytic C-O coupling reaction. The derived (<sup>R</sup>N3)Ni complexes are active catalysts under mild conditions and without an additional photocatalyst. We also provide direct evidence for the key steps involving paramagnetic Ni species in the proposed catalytic cycle: the oxidative addition of an aryl halide to a Ni(I) species, the ligand exchange/transmetalation at a Ni(III) center, and the C-O reductive elimination from a Ni(III) species. Overall, the present work suggests the <sup>R</sup>N3 ligands are a practical platform for mechanistic studies of Ni-catalyzed reactions and for the development of new catalytic applications.
Application of overlay modeling and control with Zernike polynomials in an HVM environment (2016)

Shrinking technology nodes and smaller process margins require improved photolithography overlay control. Generally, overlay measurement results are modeled with Cartesian polynomial functions for both intra-field and inter-field models and the model coefficients are sent to an advanced process control (APC) system operating in an XY Cartesian basis. Dampened overlay corrections, typically via exponentially or linearly weighted moving average in time, are then retrieved from the APC system to apply on the scanner in XY Cartesian form for subsequent lot exposure. The goal of the above method is to process lots with corrections that target the least possible overlay misregistration in steady state as well as in change point situations. In this study, we model overlay errors on product using Zernike polynomials with same fitting capability as the process of reference (POR) to represent the wafer-level terms, and use the standard Cartesian polynomials to represent the field-level terms. APC calculations for wafer-level correction are performed in Zernike basis while field-level calculations use standard XY Cartesian basis. Finally, weighted wafer-level correction terms are converted to XY Cartesian space in order to be applied on the scanner, along with field-level corrections, for future wafer exposures. Since Zernike polynomials have the property of being orthogonal in the unit disk we are able to reduce the amount of collinearity between terms and improve overlay stability. Our real time Zernike modeling and feedback evaluation was performed on a 20-lot dataset in a high volume manufacturing (HVM) environment. The measured on-product results were compared to POR and showed a 7% reduction in overlay variation including a 22% terms variation. This led to an on-product raw overlay Mean + 3Sigma X&Y improvement of 5% and resulted in 0.1% yield improvement.
ICAR Mixture Proportioning Procedure for Self-Consolidating Concrete (2016)

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is an advanced type of concrete that can flow under its own mass without vibration, pass through intricate geometrical configurations, and resist segregation. The use of SCC can result in increased construction productivity, improved jobsite safety, and improved concrete quality. To achieve SCC workability, the materials and mixture proportions must be carefully selected. The ICAR mixture proportioning procedure was developed as part of ICAR Research Project 108: Aggregates in Self-Consolidating Concrete. This research project evaluated the workability and hardened properties of SCC mixtures composed of a wide range of materials and mixture proportions. The ICAR mixture proportioning procedure is based on a fundamental, rheology-based framework for concrete workability and is designed and written to be accessible and comprehensible. The procedure provides specific guidelines for each aspect of the mixture proportioning process but intentionally avoids long calculations or restrictive, discrete inputs. Instead, deliberate laboratory testing is conducted with actual job materials to establish final mixture proportions efficiently. All required testing is conducted with methods standardized by ASTM International.
Data Mining; A Conceptual Overview (2002)

This tutorial provides an overview of the data mining process. The tutorial also provides a basic understanding of how to plan, evaluate and successfully refine a data mining project, particularly in terms of model building and model evaluation. Methodological considerations are discussed and illustrated. After explaining the nature of data mining and its importance in business, the tutorial describes the underlying machine learning and statistical techniques involved. It describes the CRISP-DM standard now being used in industry as the standard for a technology-neutral data mining process model. The paper concludes with a major illustration of the data mining process methodology and the unsolved problems that offer opportunities for research. The approach is both practical and conceptually sound in order to be useful to both academics and practitioners.
Zero-delay FPGA-based odd-even sorting network (2013)

Sorting is one of the most well-known problems in computer science and is frequently used for benchmarking computer systems. It can contribute significantly to the overall execution time of a process in a computer system. Dedicated sorting architectures can be used to accelerate applications and/or to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an efficient sorting network aiming at accelerating the sorting operation in FPGA-based embedded systems. The proposed sorting network is implemented based on an Optimized Odd-even sorting method (O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) using fully pipelined combinational logic architecture and ring shape processing. Consequently, O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> generates the sorted array of numbers in parallel when the input array of numbers is given, without any delay or lag. Unlike conventional sorting networks, O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sorting network does not need memory to hold data and information about sorting, and neither need input clock to perform the sorting operations sequentially. We conclude that by using O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in FPGA-based image processing, we can optimize the performance of filters such as median filter which demands high performance sorting operations for realtime applications.
Relationship of Basal Laminar Deposit and Membranous Debris to the Clinical Presentation of Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2007)

The presence of BLinD and early BLamD define threshold AMD, which manifests clinically as a normal fundus. Although late BLamD correlates most closely with clinical pigment abnormalities, it is the quantity and sites of membranous debris accumulation that appear to determine whether the disease develops pigment changes only or follows the alternative pathway of soft drusen formation with its attendant greater risk of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
Lensless phase contrast microscopy based on multiwavelength Fresnel diffraction (2014)

We demonstrate a compact, wide-field, quantitative phase contrast microscope that does not require lenses for image formation. High-resolution images are retrieved from Fresnel diffraction patterns recorded at multiple wavelengths, combined with a robust iterative phase retrieval algorithm. Quantitative phase contrast images of living cultured neurons are obtained with a transverse resolution of <2 μm. Our system is well suited for high-resolution live cell imaging and provides a compact, cost-effective alternative to full-sized phase-contrast microscopes.
Understanding Histone Deacetylases in the Cancer Development and Treatment: An Epigenetic Perspective of Cancer Chemotherapy (2012)

Cancer is a pathologic condition that involves genetic and epigenetic events culminating in neoplastic transformation. Alteration in epigenetic events that regulate the transcriptional activity of genes associated with various signaling pathways can influence multiple stages of tumorigenesis. In cancer cells, an imbalance often exists between histone acetyl transferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities, and current research focuses actively on seeking competitive HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) for chemotherapeutic intervention. HDACi are proving useful for cancer prevention and therapy by virtue of their ability to reactivate the expression of epigenetically silenced genes, including those involved in differentiation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest that different diets such as intake of cruciferous vegetables may lower the risk of different cancers, and there is growing interest in identifying the specific chemoprotective constituents and mechanistic insights of their action. Interestingly, it has been observed that cancer cells are more sensitive than nontransformed cells to apoptotic induction by some HDACi. Although the mechanistic basis for this sensitivity is unclear, yet HDACi have emerged as important epigenetic target for single and combinatorial chemotherapy. HDACi derived from diverse sources such as microbial, dietary, and synthetic increase acetylation level of cells and bring about anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects specific to cancer cells by way of their role in cell cycle regulation and expression of epigenetically silenced genes.
Integrated Regulation for Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits (2007)

Linear regulation can reduce the effective supply impedance of digital circuits without increasing their total power dissipation. This can be achieved with a push-pull regulator topology that uses a second, higher-than-nominal supply, comparator-based feedback, and a switched-source follower output stage. Measured results from a 65 nm SOI test-chip verify that by using these techniques, regulation reduces supply noise by ~30% while also enabling a slight decrease (~1.4%) in total power.
Efficient large-scale multiplexing of fiber Bragg grating and fiber Fabry-Perot sensors for structural health monitoring applications (2006)

Fiber Bragg gratings have been demonstrated as a versatile sensor for structural health monitoring. We present an efficient and cost effective multiplexing method for fiber Bragg grating and fiber Fabry-Perot sensors based on a broadband mode-locked fiber laser source and interferometric interrogation. The broadband, pulsed laser source permits time and wavelength division multiplexing to be employed to achieve very high sensor counts. Interferometric interrogation also permits high strain resolutions over large frequency ranges to be achieved. The proposed system has the capability to interrogate several hundred fiber Bragg gratings or fiber Fabry-Perot sensors on a single fiber, whilst achieving sub-microstrain resolution over bandwidths greater than 100 kHz. Strain resolutions of 30nε /Hz<sup>1/2</sup> and 2 nε/Hz<sup>1/2</sup> are demonstrated with the fiber Bragg grating and fiber Fabry-Perot sensor respectively. The fiber Fabry-Perot sensor provides an increase in the strain resolution over the fiber Bragg grating sensor of greater than a factor of 10. The fiber Bragg gratings are low reflectivity and could be fabricated during the fiber draw process providing a cost effective method for array fabrication. This system would find applications in several health monitoring applications where large sensor counts are necessary, in particular acoustic emission.
Protecting function pointers in binary (2013)

Function pointers have recently become an important attack vector for control-flow hijacking attacks. However, no protection mechanisms for function pointers have yet seen wide adoption. Methods proposed in the literature have high overheads, are not compatible with existing development process, or both. In this paper, we investigate several protection methods and propose a new method called FPGate (i.e., Function Pointer Gate). FPGate rewrites x86 binary executables and implements a novel method to overcome compatibility issues. All these protection methods are then evaluated and compared from the perspectives of performance and ease of deployment. Experiments show that FPGate achieves a good balance between performance, robustness and compatibility.
Farmacovigilancia de los pacientes con glaucoma crónico simple tratado con levobunolol 0.5 (1994)

En un estudio prospectivo instilamos clorhidrato de levobunolol al 0, 5% dos veces al dia en los dos ojos a 30 pacientes afectos de glaucoma cronico simple o de hipertension ocular. En los casos en que no se controlo la tension ocular con levobunolol se anadieron otros tipos de farmacos antiglaucoma (dipivefrina, pilocarpina e inhibidores de la anhidrasa carbonica). Se tomo la presion intraocular (PIO) antes del inicio del tratamiento y a los 30, 60 y 90 dias. Los sintomas adversos se investigaron mediante un cuestionario de respuesta cerrada y escala semicuantitativa y se realizo una evaluacion general tanto por parte del paciente como del medico. Se consiguio una reduccion de la PIO media de 3, 15 mmHg en el grupo de pacientes en que se controlo la PIO solamente con levobunolol, mientras que en los pacientes que necesitaron otro tipo de medicacion la reduccion de la PIO media fue de 0, 62 mmHg