gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Chimeric Porcine Circovirus (PCV) with the Immunogenic Capsid Gene of the Pathogenic PCV Type 2 (PCV2) Cloned into the Genomic Backbone of the Nonpathogenic PCV1 Induces Protective Immunity against PCV2 Infection in Pigs (2004)

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs, whereas PCV1 is nonpathogenic. We previously demonstrated that a chimeric PCV1-2 virus (with the immunogenic capsid gene of PCV2 cloned into the backbone of PCV1) induces an antibody response to the PCV2 capsid protein and is attenuated in pigs. Here, we report that the attenuated chimeric PCV1-2 induces protective immunity to wild-type PCV2 challenge in pigs. A total of 48 specific-pathogen-free piglets were randomly and equally assigned to four groups of 12 pigs each. Pigs in group 1 were vaccinated by intramuscular injection with 200 microg of the chimeric PCV1-2 infectious DNA clone. Pigs in group 2 were vaccinated by intralymphoid injection with 200 microg of a chimeric PCV1-2 infectious DNA clone. Pigs in group 3 were vaccinated by intramuscular injection with 10(3.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID(50)) of the chimeric PCV1-2 live virus. Pigs in group 4 were not vaccinated and served as controls. By 42 days postvaccination (DPV), the majority of pigs had seroconverted to PCV2 capsid antibody. At 42 DPV, all pigs were challenged intranasally and intramuscularly with 2 x 10(4.5) TCID(50) of a wild-type pathogenic PCV2 virus. By 21 days postchallenge (DPC), 9 out of the 12 group 4 pigs were viremic for PCV2. Vaccinated animals in groups 1 to 3 had no detectable PCV2 viremia after challenge. At 21 DPC the lymph nodes in the nonvaccinated pigs were larger (P < 0.05) than those of vaccinated pigs. The PCV2 genomic copy loads in lymph nodes were reduced (P < 0.0001) in vaccinated pigs. Moderate amounts of PCV2 antigen were detected in most lymphoid tissues of nonvaccinated pigs but in only 1 of 36 vaccinated pigs. Mild-to-severe lymphoid depletion and histiocytic replacement were detected in lymphoid tissues in the majority of nonvaccinated group 4 pigs but in only a few vaccinated group 1 to 3 pigs. The data from this study indicated that when given intramuscularly in pigs, the attenuated chimeric PCV1-2 live virus, as well as the chimeric PCV1-2 infectious DNA clone, induces protective immunity against PCV2 infection and could potentially serve as an effective vaccine.
Synthesis of linear and hyperbranched sugar‐grafted polysiloxanes using <i>N</i>‐hydroxysuccinimide‐activated esters (2013)

ABSTRACT A straightforward method for the preparation of polysiloxanes grafted with carbohydrate side groups is described. Two kinds of backbones have been functionalized, namely one‐dimensional, linear polysiloxanes, and hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane)s based on cyclotetrasiloxanes. The method enables us to keep a good integrity of the polysiloxane backbone. The introduction of intermediate activated esters as side groups on the polysiloxane backbone ensures a complete homogeneity of the reaction medium during sugar grafting in dimethyl sulfoxide, and consequently an easy grafting with the unprotected amino sugar. Solubility of the resulting polysiloxanes has been tested in various solvents. The sugar‐grafted polysiloxanes are good candidates for applications such as silicone formulations, hydrophilic silicone elastomers, interactions with metallic nanoparticles, and suspension stabilization, or as starting point for the design of more complex polysiloxanes for molecular recognition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3607–3618
Inside Front Cover: Unprecedented Dual Alignment Mode and Freedericksz Transition in Planar Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells Doped with Gold Nanoclusters (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2008) (2008)

Abstract On p. 212, Torsten Hegmann and co‐workers describe nematic liquid crystals (N‐LCs) confined in planar liquid crystal cells after doping with small quantities of gold nanoclusters. These give rise to a dual alignment mode and electro‐optic response (Freedericksz transition). By fine‐tuning of experimental conditions, N‐LCs doped with gold nanoclusters can be electrically reoriented and aligned either like N‐LCs with a positive dielectric anisotropy (used in twisted nematic displays) in a planar cell or alternatively as N‐LCs with a negative dielectric anisotropy (used in large LCD TVs based on the vertical alignment mode). We demonstrate that alkylthiol‐capped gold nanoclusters doped into nematic liquid crystals (N‐LCs) with positive dielectric anisotropy give rise to an unprecedented dual alignment mode and electro‐optical response, which has a potential impact on current liquid crystal (LC) display technologies and N‐LC optical‐biosensor design. By fine‐tuning experimental conditions (temperature, electric field, and alignment), N‐LCs doped with gold nanoclusters can be aligned and electrically reoriented either like N‐LCs with a positive dielectric anisotropy in a planar cell or, alternatively, as N‐LCs with a negative dielectric anisotropy in a homeotropic cell, both at lower threshold voltages than the pure N‐LC.
An integrated active-quenching circuit for single-photon avalanche diodes (2000)

We introduce the first integrated active quenching circuit (I-AQC) that drives an avalanche photodiode (APD) above its breakdown voltage, in order to detect single photons. Based on the I-AQC, we developed a compact and versatile photon-counting module suitable for applications in which very weak optical signals have to be detected, as for instance, photon correlation spectroscopy, luminescence measurements, and laser ranging. The prototype photon-counting module features quenching pulses up to 60 V amplitude, minimum dead time of less than 36 ns, corresponding to a saturated counting rate exceeding 25 Mcounts/s, user-controllable hold-off time, for reducing the afterpulsing effect, and nanosecond gating capability. The power dissipation is 60 mW in stand-by conditions, and the module size is less than 1 cm/spl times/2 cm.
Colour-Difference Measurement Method for Evaluation of Quality of Electrolessly Deposited Copper on Polymer after Laser-Induced Selective Activation (2016)

In this work a novel colour-difference measurement method for the quality evaluation of copper deposited on a polymer is proposed. Laser-induced selective activation (LISA) was performed onto the surface of the polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) polymer by using nanosecond laser irradiation. The laser activated PC/ABS polymer was copper plated by using the electroless copper plating (ECP) procedure. The sheet resistance measured by using a four-point probe technique was found to decrease by the power law with the colour-difference of the sample images after LISA and ECP procedures. The percolation theory of the electrical conductivity of the insulator conductor mixture has been adopted in order to explain the experimental results. The new proposed method was used to determine an optimal set of the laser processing parameters for best plating conditions.
Problem-oriented patient record summary: An early report on a Watson application (2014)

As the use of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) becomes widespread, the amount of data in an EMR becomes a challenge for its comprehension. We developed problem-oriented EMR summarization to address this issue, as a part of a larger effort of adapting IBM Watson to the medical domain. The problem-orientation refers to the central role of a patient's medical problems in the summary. The summarization uses a generated problem list, relates these generated medical problems to relevant clinical data, and organizes the clinical data in a medically meaningful manner. Watson analytics are used for creating the summarization. This is a step in building the next generation EMR, one that is based not on just keeping record but instead on a conceptual understanding of medicine, thereby crossing the threshold from record storage to an intelligent entity for clinical decision making.
X-Ray Holograms at Improved Resolution: A Study of Zymogen Granules (1987)

X-ray holography offers the possibility of three-dimensional microscopy with resolution higher than that of the light microscope and with contrast based on x-ray edges. In principle, the method is especially advantageous for biological samples if x-rays in the wavelength region between the carbon and oxygen K edges are used. However, until now the achieved resolution has not exceeded that of the light microscope because of the poor coherence properties of the x-ray sources and the low resolution of the detectors that were available. With a recently developed x-ray source based on an undulator on an electron storage ring, and high resolution x-ray resist, a hologram has been recorded at about 400-angstrom resolution. The experiment utilized x-rays with wavelengths of 24.7 angstroms and required a 1-hour exposure of the pancreatic zymogen granules under study.
Light load efficiency improvement for PFC (2009)

With the fast growing information technologies, high efficiency AC-DC front-end power supplies are becoming more and more desired in all kinds of distributed power system applications due to the energy conservation consideration. For the power factor correction (PFC) stage, the conventional constant frequency average current mode control has very low efficiency at light load due to high switching frequency related loss. The constant on-time control for PFC features the automatic reduction of switching frequency at light load, resulting improved light load efficiency. However, lower heavy load efficiency of the constant on-time control is observed because of very high frequency at Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). By carefully comparing the on-time and frequency profiles between constant on-time and constant frequency control, a novel adaptive on-time control is proposed to improve the light load efficiency without sacrificing the heavy load efficiency. The performance of the adaptive on-time control is verified by experiment.
Dinitrogen Cleavage by a Three-Coordinate Molybdenum(III) Complex (1995)

Cleavage of the relatively inert dinitrogen (N(2)) molecule, with its extremely strong N identical withN triple bond, has represented a major challenge to the development of N(2) chemistry. This report describes the reductive cleavage of N(2) to two nitrido (N(3-)) ligands in its reaction with Mo(NRAr)(3), where R is C(CD(3))(2)CH(3) and Ar is 3,5-C(6)H(3)(CH(3))(2'), a synthetic three-coordinate molybdenum(III) complex of known structure. The formation of an intermediate complex was observed spectroscopically, and its conversion (with N identical withN bond cleavage) to the nitrido molybdenum(VI) product N identical withMo(NRAr)(3) followed first-order kinetics at 30 degrees C. It is proposed that the cleavage reaction proceeds by way of an intermediate complex in which N(2) bridges two molybdenum centers.
Novel Peptide Inhibitors of Human Secretory Phospholipase A2 with Antiinflammatory Activity:  Solution Structure and Molecular Modeling (2007)

Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and matrix metallopreoteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and their modulation thus represents a potential therapeutic option. On the basis of Escherichia coli radioassay, synthetic peptides were designed and screened for sPLA2 inhibition. The linear peptide, 10f (PIP-18), inhibited the recombinant human synovial sPLA2 activity with an IC50 of 1.19 microM. Not only did the peptide interfere with the function of sPLA2, but it also appeared to inhibit mRNA expression of sPLA2 and various MMPs in IL-1beta-stimulated RA synovial fibroblast (RASF) cultures and thereby the production of the corresponding proteins (>80% inhibition). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), modeling, and docking studies indicate that in solution the peptide exhibits a beta-turn at residues Trp-Asp-Gly-Val and possibly binds to the hydrophobic channel of sPLA2. The results strongly suggest that the modulatory action of peptide 10f may play a major role in counteracting the development of RA.
Differential phase calibration of linearly polarized weather radars with simultaneous transmission/reception for estimation of circular depolarization ratio (2016)

The circular depolarization ratio (CDR) measurement recently regained great interest among radar meteorologists because of its significant potential for detection and quantification of hydrometeors above the melting layer. An innovative CDR estimator has recently been proposed by Ryzhkov et al. for a linearly polarized weather radar (LPWR) with simultaneous transmission and reception of the waves with horizontal and vertical polarizations (SHV), a popular operational radar configuration for most national weather radar networks. The key for efficient implementation of CDR estimator in LPWR is the accurate calibration of the system differential phase upon transmission in the SHV mode of operation. The Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) recently has proposed a novel calibration method, which facilitates the implementation of the CDR measurement in LPWR. The paper addresses the details of the proposed calibration method. The measurements by the EEC C-band in-house polarimetric radar illustrate reliable performance of the proposed calibration method for CDR measurement, paving the way for a wide use of CDR to reveal important microphysical features of the storms.
Efficient Thompson sampling for online matrix-factorization recommendation (2015)

Matrix factorization (MF) collaborative filtering is an effective and widely used method in recommendation systems. However, the problem of finding an optimal trade-off between exploration and exploitation (otherwise known as the bandit problem), a crucial problem in collaborative filtering from cold-start, has not been previously addressed. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for online MF recommendation that automatically combines finding the most relevant items with exploring new or less-recommended items. Our approach, called Particle Thomp-son sampling for MF (PTS), is based on the general Thompson sampling frame-work, but augmented with a novel efficient online Bayesian probabilistic matrix factorization method based on the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter. Extensive ex-periments in collaborative filtering using several real-world datasets demonstrate that PTS significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-arts. 1
Quantum secret sharing using weak coherent states (2019)

Secret sharing allows a trusted party (the dealer) to distribute a secret to a group of players, who can only access the secret cooperatively. Quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocols could provide unconditional security based on fundamental laws in physics. While the general security proof has been established recently in an entanglement-based QSS protocol, the tolerable channel loss is unfortunately rather small. Here we propose a continuous variable QSS protocol using conventional laser sources and homodyne detectors. In this protocol, a Gaussian-modulated coherent state (GMCS) prepared by one player passes through the secure stations of the other players sequentially, and each of the other players injects a locally prepared, independent GMCS into the circulating optical mode. Finally, the dealer measures both the amplitude and the phase quadratures of the receiving optical mode using double homodyne detectors. Collectively, the players can use their encoded random numbers to estimate the measurement results of the dealer and further generate a shared key. We prove the unconditional security of the proposed protocol against both eavesdroppers and dishonest players in the presence of high channel loss, and discuss various practical issues.
Pulsed current measurement of the resistive transition and critical current in high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconductors (1990)

A pulsed current technique for measuring the critical transport properties of superconductors as a continuous function of current or temperature is described. Greatly reduced sample heating permits investigation of both the ‘‘weak link’’ and intrinsic properties of granular superconductors. Results obtained for various high Tc oxide superconductors provide an example of the technique’s application. Both intergranular and intragranular critical current densities are extracted from the data. Current-voltage measurements using the pulse method are corroborated by traditional dc measurements.
Kinetics of oxidative cracking of n‐hexane to olefins over VO<sub>x</sub>/Ce‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> under gas phase oxygen‐free environment (2016)

The kinetics of oxidative cracking of n‐hexane to olefins using lattice oxygen of VO x /Ce‐Al 2 O 3 is investigated. The TPR/TPO analysis shows a consistent reducibility (79%) of VO x /Ce‐Al 2 O 3 in repeated redox cycles. The total acidity of the sample is found to be 0.54 mmol/g with 22% are strong acid sites that favors olefin selectivity. The oxidative cracking of n‐hexane in a fluidized CREC Riser simulator gives approximately 60% olefin selectivity at 30% n‐hexane conversion. A kinetic model is developed considering (1) cracking, (2) oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH), and (3) catalyst deactivations. The proposed cracking mechanism considers adsorption, C–H and C–C bond fission and desorption as elementary steps and implemented by pseudo steady state hypothesis. A Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanism is found to represent the ODH reactions. The developed model fits the experimental data with favorable statistical indicators. The estimated specific reaction rate constants are also found to be consistent with the product selectivity data . © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 63: 130–138, 2017
Opiate Antagonists: A Role in the Treatment of Hypovolemic Shock (1979)

The opiate antagonist naloxone has been used to treat shock following acute blood loss in conscious rats. Naloxone treatment rapidly increased mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure in this new shock model. More importantly, these blood pressure changes were sustained and survival was significantly increased with maloxone as compared with placebo treatment. From these findings, it may be inferred that endorphins may play a role in the pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock. It is suggested that narcotic antagonists may prove to be of therapeutic value in the treatment of shock.
Intra-team multi-hop broadcasting (ITMB): a MAC layer protocol for efficient control signaling in wireless ad-hoc networks (2002)

In a wireless ad-hoc network environment, it is important for a mobile host to be able to broadcast control information within a team of nodes in a bandwidth-efficient and timely manner. Although the classical flooding strategy is the only reliable broadcast method for high rates of topology change, it leads to unnecessary bandwidth consumption for low rates of topology change. In this paper we propose two efficient, low complexity, loop-free broadcast routing protocols which outperform flooding in terms of bandwidth consumption in cases of low mobility and are quite robust under moderate mobility scenarios. Comparative results are obtained in environments with unpredictable link failures or lack of global topology knowledge due to node mobility.
A Passive Wireless Microelectromechanical Pressure Sensor for Harsh Environments (2017)

A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitive-type passive wireless pressure sensor designed to operate in harsh environments at temperatures up to 1000 °C is presented. The pressure sensor has a sapphire-based diaphragm and structural body, and a platinum-based capacitive element. The capacitive element is configured as a part of a slot patch antenna that is designed to operate in a far-field sensing mechanism with a Ku-band electrical resonant frequency of 15 GHz. The electrical ground plane resides on the backside of the diaphragm, which deflects in response to an applied pressure. The electrical resonant frequency of the pressure sensor changes as a function of the applied pressure to the diaphragm. An increase in the applied pressure, for example, results in a decrease in the electrical resonant frequency. The sensitivity of the pressure sensor is related to the change in applied pressure to the change in the electrical resonant frequency. Three proof-of-concept dynamic pressure sensors are reported using silicon-based diaphragms with antenna diameters of 5.6, 5.7, and 5.8 mm, and measured sensitivities of 2.2, 2.2, and 5.1 kHz/Pa, respectively, up to 900 Pa. In addition, three proof-of-concept static pressure sensors are reported with corresponding measured sensitivities of 3.4, 3.1, and 2.5 kHz/Pa up to 900 Pa. A high-temperature dynamic pressure sensor designed for harsh environments is also reported using a sapphire-based diaphragm with an antenna diameter of 3.8 mm and measured sensitivity of 21.7 kHz/Pa up to 800 Pa. [2017-0210].
Closed-cycle annular-flow-return laser (1981)

A compact, high repetition rate, closed-cycle rare-gas laser has been achieved in a novel design utilizing an annular flow return surrounding the laser flow channel. The 112-cm long by 30.5-cm-diam. laser head is compact and attractive for portable applications. High repetition rate (to 15 kHz) multiline laser operation has been achieved in high-pressure (to 2 atm) mixtures of Ne–Xe (6 lines), Ar–Xe (7 lines), He–Xe (9 lines), He–Kr (4 lines), and He–Ar (3 lines). Reliable long lifetime performance has been demonstrated by operating a He–Xe laser continuously for 100 hours at a pulse-repetition rate of 5 kHz (1.8×109 pulses) with no degradation of the 1.1-W average laser output power.
Content-Based Search, and Retrieval of Audio (1996)

Many audio and multimedia applications would benefit from the ability to classify and search for audio based on its characteristics. The audio analysis, search, and classification engine described here reduces sounds to perceptual and acoustical features. This lets users search or retrieve sounds by any one feature or a combination of them, by specifying previously learned classes based on these features, or by selecting or entering reference sounds and asking the engine to retrieve similar or dissimilar sounds.
Abstract 17622: Targeted Therapeutic Gene Knockdown Using Ultrasound and Microbubble-mediated Delivery of a Transcription Factor Decoy (2014)

Introduction: Ultrasound (US)-based therapies using microbubbles (MB) have the potential for targeted delivery of molecular therapies. Preclinical studies demonstrate that daily intratumoral inject...
Fiber Optic Signal Processors For High-Speed Code Generation (1989)

We have been exploring the use of fiber optics for the application of very high speed (>>1 Gbit/s) binary code generation. In this paper we present our initial results which involve fiber optic generators based on time-multiplexing and fiber optic analogues of electronic digital PN shift register-based generators where the XOR operation is accomplished via a pair of laser diodes connected back-to-back. Experimental results of a 500 Mbit/s (RZ) 32 laser diode prototype and a 3.85 Gbit/s (RZ) 4 diode system are presented along with experimental results of a laser diode-based XOR prototype.
High-stability white-light interferometry with reference signal for real-time correction of scanning errors (2003)

White-light interferometry (WLI) for object topography measurements relies on an accurate rate of change of the optical path difference (OPD) between the object and reference beams. However, the motion of the scanner realizing the OPD change is not perfect, and scanning errors directly impact measurement accuracy. We describe a white-light interferometer that is capable of accounting for these errors and correcting them in real time through the monitoring of the scanner motion. This monitoring is achieved by embedding an additional high-coherence interferometer into the system. Besides allowing for monitoring the scanning progress, this system also provides the means to automatically calibrate the WLI. Significant improvements both in the accuracy and repeatability are demonstrated experimentally. Data analysis is discussed as well.