gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase by self-DNA causes autoimmune diseases (2015)

TREX1 is an exonuclease that digests DNA in the cytoplasm. Loss-of-function mutations of TREX1 are linked to Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans. Trex1(-/-) mice exhibit autoimmune and inflammatory phenotypes that are associated with elevated expression of interferon (IFN)-induced genes (ISGs). Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the IFN pathway. Upon binding to DNA, cGAS is activated to catalyze the synthesis of cGAMP, which functions as a second messenger that binds and activates the adaptor protein STING to induce IFNs and other cytokines. Here we show that genetic ablation of cGas in Trex1(-/-) mice eliminated all detectable pathological and molecular phenotypes, including ISG induction, autoantibody production, aberrant T-cell activation, and lethality. Even deletion of just one allele of cGas largely rescued the phenotypes of Trex1(-/-) mice. Similarly, deletion of cGas in mice lacking DNaseII, a lysosomal enzyme that digests DNA, rescued the lethal autoimmune phenotypes of the DNaseII(-/-) mice. Through quantitative mass spectrometry, we found that cGAMP accumulated in mouse tissues deficient in Trex1 or DNaseII and that this accumulation was dependent on cGAS. These results demonstrate that cGAS activation causes the autoimmune diseases in Trex1(-/-) and DNaseII(-/-) mice and suggest that inhibition of cGAS may lead to prevention and treatment of some human autoimmune diseases caused by self-DNA.
Plataforma para teleoperación vía internet (2006)

En este trabajo se analizan los posibles esquemas para el telecontrol de dispositivos electromecanicos en funcion del nodo de aislamiento. Ademas se indican los pasos y los requerimientos necesarios para la implementacion de una plataforma de teleoperacion via Internet basada en software, costeable y de facil instalacion. Como aplicacion se muestran los elementos utilizados en una plataforma para el telecontrol de un motor de induccion via Internet localizado en las instalaciones del IRCCyN en Nantes, Francia
IL13RA2 targeted alpha particle therapy against glioblastomas (2017)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer that invariably results in a dismal prognosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not been completely effective as standard treatment options for patients due to recurrent disease. We and others have therefore developed molecular strategies to specifically target interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2), a GBM restricted receptor expressed abundantly on over 75% of GBM patients. In this work, we evaluated the potential of Pep-1L, a novel IL13RA2 targeted peptide, as a platform to deliver targeted lethal therapies to GBM. To demonstrate GBM-specificity, we radiolabeled Pep-1L with Copper-64 and performed in vitro cell binding studies, which demonstrated specific binding that was blocked by unlabeled Pep-1L. Furthermore, we demonstrated real-time GBM localization of [64Cu]Pep-1L to orthotopic GBMs using small animal PET imaging. Based on these targeting data, we performed an initial in vivo safety and therapeutic study using Pep-1L conjugated to Actinium-225, an alpha particle emitter that has been shown to potently and irreversibly kill targeted cells. We infused [225Ac]Pep-1L into orthotopic GBMs using convection-enhanced delivery and found no significant adverse events at injected doses. Furthermore, our initial data also demonstrated significantly greater overall, median and mean survival in treated mice when compared to those in control groups (p < 0.05). GBM tissue extracted from mice treated with [225Ac]Pep-1L showed double stranded DNA breaks, lower Ki67 expression and greater propidium iodide internalization, indicating anti-GBM therapeutic effects of [225Ac]Pep-1L. Based on our results, Pep-1L warrants further investigation as a potential targeted platform to deliver anti-cancer agents.
The Connectome Mapper: An Open-Source Processing Pipeline to Map Connectomes with MRI (2012)

Researchers working in the field of global connectivity analysis using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can count on a wide selection of software packages for processing their data, with methods ranging from the reconstruction of the local intra-voxel axonal structure to the estimation of the trajectories of the underlying fibre tracts. However, each package is generally task-specific and uses its own conventions and file formats. In this article we present the Connectome Mapper, a software pipeline aimed at helping researchers through the tedious process of organising, processing and analysing diffusion MRI data to perform global brain connectivity analyses. Our pipeline is written in Python and is freely available as open-source at www.cmtk.org.
Metal‐Mediated Functionalization of Natural Peptides and Proteins: Panning for Bioconjugation Gold (2018)

Selective modification of natural proteins is a daunting methodological challenge and a stringent test of selectivity and reaction scope. There is a continued need for new reactivity and new selectivity concepts. Transition metals exhibit a wealth of unique reactivity that is orthogonal to biological reactions and processes. As such, metal-based methods play an increasingly important role in bioconjugation. This Review examines metal-based methods as well as their reactivity and selectivity for the functionalization of natural proteins and peptides.
Simple drying of polyacrylamide gels for fluorography and storage (1985)

Abstract A simple method for drying polyacrylamide gels of various size (0.3 mm capillary gels to 3 mm thick slab gels) and composition (T = 5–20 %, C = 0.7–5.3 %, sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, acetic acid/urea gels, isoelectric focusing gels) is described. The gels are destained in the presence of 20 % glycerol, dehydrated in acetone, and dried at room temperature. By this procedure, size reduced, clear or slightly opaque, and flexible sheets are obtained. The dried gels can be used for fluorography, stored for long periods and rehydrated without any cracking, warping, or loss in resolution. The shrinkage of the gels to about 25 % of their original size during acetone‐dehydration results in an increased staining intensity and shorter exposure times for fluorography.
<sup>1</sup>H NMR Assignment and Global Fold of Napin BnIb, a Representative 2S Albumin Seed Protein (1996)

Napin BnIb is a representative member of the 2S albumin seed proteins, which consists of two polypeptide chains of 3.8 and 8.4 kDa linked by two disulfide bridges. In this work, a complete assignment of the 1H spectra of napin BnIb has been carried out by two-dimensional NMR sequence-specific methods and its secondary structure determined on the basis of spectral data. A calculation of the tertiary structure has been performed using approximately 500 distance constraints derived from unambiguously assigned NOE cross-correlations and distance geometry methods. The resulting global fold consists of five helices and a C-terminal loop arranged in a right-handed spiral. The folded protein is stabilized by two interchain disulfide bridges and two additional ones between cysteine residues in the large chain. The structure of napin BnIb represents a third example of a new and distinctive folding pattern first described for the hydrophobic protein from soybean and nonspecific lipid transfer proteins from wheat and maize. The presence of an internal cavity is not at all evident, which rules out in principle the napin BnIb as a carrier of lipids. The determined structure is compatible with activities attributed to these proteins such as phospholipid vesicle interaction, allergenicity, and calmodulin antagonism. Given the sequence homology of BnIb with other napins and napin-type 2S albumin seed proteins from different species, it is likely that all these proteins share a common architecture. The determined structure will be crucial to establish structure-function relationships and to explore the mechanisms of folding, processing, and deposition of these proteins. It will also provide a firm basis for a rational use of genetic engineering in order to develop improved transgenic plants.
Optical trapping of small particles using a 13-μm compact InGaAsP diode laser (1991)

We describe the noncontact optical trapping of small particles by a single-beam gradient force using a near-infrared InGaAsP diode laser operating at 1.33 microm. The feasibility and reliability of diode-laser trapping was confirmed with polystyrene latex and glass spheres as well as with yeast cells. By moving small particles vertically to the laser beam axis, we measured the horizontal component of the trapping force based on the Stokes law. Thus a linear relationship between the trapping laser power and the horizontal trapping force is demonstrated and compared quantitatively with that for the Ar laser.
High Performance Error Concealment Algorithm By Motion Vector Refinement for MPEG-4 Video (2005)

A new error concealment algorithm is proposed using recursive motion vector refinement. The proposed method utilizes the top/bottom motion vectors of lost macroblocks in current and reference frames and refines motion vectors recursively. Simulation results based on the MPEG-4 codec present a superior subjective and objective performance of the proposed technique compared with conventional temporal concealment techniques.
Stoichiometry-driven metal-to-insulator transition in NdTiO<sub>3</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> heterostructures (2014)

By controlling stoichiometry via a hybrid molecular beam epitaxy approach, we report on the study of thin film growth and the electronic transport properties of phase-pure, epitaxial NdTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures grown on (001) (La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3 (LSAT) substrates as a function of cation stoichiometry in NdTiO3. Despite the symmetry mismatch between bulk NdTiO3 and the substrate, NdTiO3 films grew in an atomic layer-by-layer fashion over a range of cation stoichiometry; however amorphous films resulted in cases of extreme cation non-stoichiometry. Temperature-dependent sheet resistance measurements were consistent with Fermi-liquid metallic behavior over a wide temperature range, but revealed a remarkable crossover from metal-to-insulator (M-I) type behavior at low temperatures for all compositions. A direct correlation between cation stoichiometry, transport behavior, and the temperature of M-I transition is established.
Regression of aortic valve stenosis by ApoA‐I mimetic peptide infusions in rabbits (2008)

Infusions of ApoA-I mimetic peptide lead to regression of experimental AVS. These positive results justify the further testing of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-based therapies in patients with valvular aortic stenosis. Regression of aortic stenosis, if achieved safely, could transform the clinical treatment of this disease.
ESD protection for submicron CMOS circuits-issues and solutions (2003)

Key issues pertinent to design with advanced CMOS ESD (electrostatic discharge)-protection circuits are discussed. Input protection elements and their limitations with respect to output and power supply applications are examined. The lateral silicon-controlled rectifier has proved to be an effective primary protection element for a wide range of CMOS processes when it is combined with an optimized secondary protection network. Significant features of the dual-diode-output protection circuit as well as special layout considerations for the n-channel device are introduced. Power supply protections has been achieved on advanced CMOS devices by utilization of a standard guard ring configuration which ensures that parasitic silicon-controlled rectifier devices within the internal circuit have the same switching level and that switching is accomplished before BV/sub ceo/ is developed across the parasitic npn device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trichostatin A Extends the Lifespan of &lt;italic&gt;Drosophila melanogaster&lt;/italic&gt; by Elevating &lt;italic&gt;hsp22&lt;/italic&gt; Expression (2004)

The level of acetylation of histones in nucleosomes is related to the longevity of yeast and animals. However, the mechanisms by which acetylation and deacetylation affect longevity remain unclear. In present study, we investigated the influence of histone acetylation modification on the expression of hsp22 gene and the lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA). The results showed that TSA could extend the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Furthermore, TSA significantly promoted the hsp22 gene transcription, and affected the chromatin morphology at the locus of hsp22 gene along the polytene chromosome. Present data implicate that TSA may affect the lifespan of Drosophila through changing the level of histone acetylation and influencing the expression of hsp22 gene that is related to aging.
An improved method to produce clinical scale natural killer cells from human pluripotent stem cells (2019)

Abstract Human natural killer (NK) cell-based adoptive anti-cancer immunotherapy has gained intense interest with many clinical trials actively recruiting patients to treat a variety of both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Most of these trials use primary NK cells isolated either from peripheral blood (PB-NK cells) or umbilical cord blood (UCB-NK cells), though these sources require NK cell collection for each patient leading to donor variability and heterogeneity in the NK cell populations. In contrast, NK cells derived human embryonic stem cells (hESC-NK cells) or induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-NK cells) provide more homogeneous cell populations that can be grown at clinical scale, and genetically engineered if desired. These characteristics make hESC/iPSC-derived NK cells an ideal cell population for developing standardized, “off-the-shelf” immunotherapy products. Additionally, production of NK cells from undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells enables studies to better define pathways that regulate human NK cell development and function. Our group previously established a stromal-free, two-stage culture system to derive NK cells from hESC/hiPSC in vitro followed by clinical-scale expansion of these cells using interleukin-21 expressing artificial antigen-presenting cells. However, prior to differentiation, this method requires single cell adaption of hESCs/hiPSCs which takes months. Recently we optimized this method by adapting the mouse embryonic fibroblast-dependent hESC/hiPSC to feeder-free culture conditions. These feeder-free hESC/hiPSCs are directly used to generate hemato-endothelial precursor cells. This new method produces mature, functional NK cells with higher efficiency to enable rapid production of an essentially unlimited number of homogenous NK cells that can be used for standardized, targeted immunotherapy for the treatment of refractory cancers and infectious diseases.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome (2014)

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common, typically self-limited viral syndrome in children and adults. It is marked by fever, oral ulcers, and skin manifestations affecting the palms, soles, and buttocks, with symptoms usually lasting less than 1 week. Because it has the potential to reach epidemic levels in the United States, general practitioners need to be aware of it.
Copper-H2O2 oxidation strikingly improves silver intensification of the nickel-diaminobenzidine (Ni-DAB) end-product of the peroxidase reaction. (1988)

We propose an improved silver procedure for intensification of peroxidase staining. It utilizes the high argyrophilia of polymerized Ni-DAB as a chromogen of peroxidase histochemistry, and the capacity of Cu++-catalyzed H2O2 oxidation to suppress tissue argyrophilia without influencing the argyrophilia of the polymerized Ni-DAB. This procedure is much more effective than any previously proposed intensification technique. When used in somatostatin histochemistry, it reveals perikarya, fibers, and nerve terminals in locations at which they have never been detected in preparations where only the DAB polymer was silver-intensified.
Treatment for cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2012)

There is no evidence to support the use of any intervention for muscle cramps in ALS/MND. More and larger randomised controlled trials evaluating treatments for muscle cramps in ALS/MND are needed.
Prediction of diffusion coefficients of proteins (1990)

A correlation for predicting the diffusion coefficients of proteins at standard conditions is proposed by adapting the Stokes-Einstein equation to a model for the equivalent hydrodynamic sphere. The radius of gyration, which accounts for the size and shape of protein molecules in solution, was used in deriving the new correlation. The correlation successfully predicted the diffusion coefficients of proteins, for which experimental data were available, with a higher degree of accuracy than achieved by previous correlation methods.
Optics layer protection of Gigabit-Ethernet system by monitoring optical signal quality (2002)

An optics layer protection method for the Gigabit-Ethernet system is proposed. It monitors optical signal quality by comparing each input bit with a calibrated window, and switches to a stand-by fibre when a working fibre faces a quality degradation. This scheme can be applied to WDM systems that carry any type of binary optical signals with arbitrary bit rates.
Regio- and Chemoselective N-C Bond Formation Via Carbon Dioxide: A New Source of the Methyl Group. Applications to N-Methylated Secondary and Tertiary Amines (1989)

Abstract Reductive carboxylation of a variety of secondary and primary amines to the corresponding N-methylated amines in the presence of various functional groups such as chlorosubstituents, carbon-carbon double bonds and phenolic hydroxyls is described.
Further Characterization of a Complement-Sensitive Mutant of a Virulent Avian Escherichia coli Isolate (1997)

An attempt was made to characterize the mechanism of complement resistance operating in a virulent avian Escherichia coli isolate. Using flow cytometry to detect antibody to C3, we found that there was significantly more antibody bound to a complement-sensitive mutant of this wild type than to the parent organism, suggesting that more C3 subunits were bound to the wild type. Neither the wild type nor the mutant degraded C3. Further, the mutant was phagocytosed to a significantly greater degree than the wild type by cultured phagocytes in the presence of C5-deficient serum. These data suggest that the wild type is resistant to complement, at least in part, because of its ability to restrict C3 deposition on its surface. Therefore, the decrease in virulence seen in the mutant may be related to its increased sensitivity to complement-mediated bacteriolysis or its enhanced susceptibility to complement-opsonized phagocytosis or both.
Use Bit Scanning in Replacement Decisions (1979)

In paged storage systems, page replacement policies generally depend on a use bit for each page frame. The use bit is automatically turned on when the resident page is referenced. Typically, a page is considered eligible for replacement if its use bit has been scanned and found to be off on µ consecutive occasions, where µ is a parameter of the algorithm. This investigation focuses on the dependence of the number of bit-scanning operations on the value of µ and on properties of the string of page references. The number of such operations is a measure of the system overhead incurred while making replacement decisions. In particular, for several algorithms, the number of scans per reference is shown to be approximately proportional to µ However, empirical results from single-program traces show that the value of µ has little effect on the miss ratio. Although the miss ratios for the bit-scanning algorithms are close to those of least recently used (LRU), it is pointed out that increasing the value of µ need not bring the bit-scanning policies closer to LRU management.
Efficient power harvesting from the mobile phone audio jack for mHealth peripherals (2015)

A tremendous opportunity currently exists to enable practical and portable mHealth tools by taking advantage of the ubiquity of mobile phones across the world. To this end, we describe the design of a circuit to efficiently harvest energy from the standard audio jack of a mobile phone to power mHealth peripherals, lowering cost, reducing size, and improving the practicality of portable medical devices. This design not only obviates the need to charge or change an extra battery but also is universally compatible with all phones. The audio output channels of several popular phones were characterized in order to determine the range of design parameters. Using these data, different power harvesting topologies are presented, simulated, and compared. A PCB implementation was used to measure and confirm the performance. Compared with prior art, which have achieved 21% and 47% efficiency, this design is able to achieve greater than 77% efficiency by using a tunable impedance matching network.
Risk factors for community-associated <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection in young children (2019)

The majority of paediatric Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are community-associated (CA), but few data exist regarding associated risk factors. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate CA-CDI risk factors in young children. Participants were enrolled from eight US sites during October 2014-February 2016. Case-patients were defined as children aged 1-5 years with a positive C. difficile specimen collected as an outpatient or ⩽3 days of hospital admission, who had no healthcare facility admission in the prior 12 weeks and no history of CDI. Each case-patient was matched to one control. Caregivers were interviewed regarding relevant exposures. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was performed. Of 68 pairs, 44.1% were female. More case-patients than controls had a comorbidity (33.3% vs. 12.1%; P = 0.01); recent higher-risk outpatient exposures (34.9% vs. 17.7%; P = 0.03); recent antibiotic use (54.4% vs. 19.4%; P < 0.0001); or recent exposure to a household member with diarrhoea (41.3% vs. 21.5%; P = 0.04). In multivariable analysis, antibiotic exposure in the preceding 12 weeks was significantly associated with CA-CDI (adjusted matched odds ratio, 6.25; 95% CI 2.18-17.96). Improved antibiotic prescribing might reduce CA-CDI in this population. Further evaluation of the potential role of outpatient healthcare and household exposures in C. difficile transmission is needed.