gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freeze-dried allograft-mediated gene or protein delivery of growth and differentiation factor 5 reduces reconstructed murine flexor tendon adhesions (2014)

Advances in allograft processing have opened new horizons for clinical adaptation of flexor tendon allografts as delivery scaffolds for antifibrotic therapeutics. Recombinant adeno-associated-virus (rAAV) gene delivery of the growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) has been previously associated with antifibrotic effects in a mouse model of flexor tendoplasty. In this study, we compared the effects of loading freeze-dried allografts with different doses of GDF-5 protein or rAAV-Gdf5 on flexor tendon healing and adhesions. We first optimized the protein and viral loading parameters using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in vivo bioluminescent imaging. We then reconstructed flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendons of the mouse hindlimb with allografts loaded with low and high doses of recombinant GDF-5 protein and rAAV-Gdf5 and evaluated joint flexion and biomechanical properties of the reconstructed tendon. In vitro optimization studies determined that both the loading time and concentration of the growth factor and viral vector had dose-dependent effects on their retention on the freeze-dried allograft. In vivo data suggest that protein and gene delivery of GDF-5 had equivalent effects on improving joint flexion function, in the range of doses used. Within the doses tested, the lower doses of GDF-5 had more potent effects on suppressing adhesions without adversely affecting the strength of the repair. These findings indicate equivalent antifibrotic effects of Gdf5 gene and protein delivery, but suggest that localized delivery of this potent factor should also carefully consider the dosage used to eliminate untoward effects, regardless of the delivery mode.
Piezoelectric Strain FET (PeFET) based Non-Volatile Memories (2022)

We propose non-volatile memory (NVM) designs based on Piezoelectric Strain FET (PeFET) utilizing a piezoelectric/ferroelectric (PE/FE such as PZT) coupled with 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (2D-TMD such as MoS2) transistor. The proposed NVMs store bit information in the form of polarization (P) of the FE/PE, use electric-field driven P-switching for write and employ piezoelectricity induced dynamic bandgap modulation of 2D-TMD channel for bit sensing. We analyze PeFET with COMSOL based 3D modeling showing that the circuit-driven optimization of PeFET geometry is essential to achieve effective hammer-and-nail effect and adequate bandgap modulation for NVM read. Our results show that distinguishability of binary states to up to 11X is achieved in PeFETs.We propose various flavors of PeFET NVMs, namely (a) high density (HD) NVM featuring a compact access-transistor-less bit-cell, (b) 1T-1PeFET NVM with segmented architecture, targeted for optimized write energy and latency and (c) cross-coupled (CC) NVM offering a trade-off between area and latency.PeFET NVMs offer up to 7X smaller cell area, 66% lower write energy, 87% lower read energy and 44% faster read compared to 2D-FET SRAM. This comes at the cost of high write latency in PeFET NVMs, which can be minimized by virtue of optimized PE geometry.
Depth transducer system for a seismic streamer cable (1983)

First Page
A novel input-side current sensing method to achieve AVP for future VRs (2005)

This paper proposes a new input-side current sensing method for the voltage regulator (VR) to achieve adaptive voltage position (AVP). By applying the proposed method, both good current sensing accuracy and low power dissipation can be achieved. The transient and tolerance analysis of this method are provided and a design guideline is illustrated and experimentally verified.
Efficient digital image watermarking for mobile applications by optimising the spread spectrum technique (2016)

In this paper, the spread spectrum watermarking in wavelet domain is optimised by using a number of techniques to make it more efficient when executed by a platform running on mobile devices. The proposed techniques can be executed efficiently and consume less computational and power resources as compared to the conventional spread spectrum-based watermarking. The proposed technique represents binary bits in the watermark using symbols, wherein each symbol represents at least 2 binary bits. A symbol is then mapped into a pseudo noise sequence and embedded in the digital image. Our analytical results show that our schemes reduce the number of operations required for watermarking by ∼50%, while our experimental results show that our schemes save about ∼59 and ∼67% in processing time and energy consumption, respectively.
Multioctave spectral imaging in the infrared: a newly emerging approach (2002)

A new approach is described for obtaining spectral imagery over a broad range of infrared wavelengths, with high efficiency, and with a single grating element and focal plane array. The approach represents a simplification and mass reduction over the traditional approach involving multiple focal plane arrays, dispersing elements, and optical beamsplitters. The new approach has significant advantages for space-based hyperspectral imagers operating in the infrared over a broad range of wavelengths (e.g., MWIR & LWIR), where the reduction in cryo-cooled mass relative to the multi-channel approach translates into noteworthy savings in cryo-cooling requirements and launch costs. Overlapping grating orders are focused onto a multi-waveband focal plane array in order to create spectral images of a scene simultaneously in multiple wavelength regions. The blaze of the grating is chosen so that all spectral orders are dispersed with high grating efficiency. Such an approach extends the spectral range of dispersive spectrometers to several octaves of wavelength, while preserving the compact packaging and cryogenic requirements of conventional (one octave) instruments. We conclude with a description of a ground-based demonstration of a dual-octave embodiment of the concept.
Improved methods of direct overwrite in magneto-optical recording media (1989)

Two improved methods of achieving direct overwrite without a pulse magnetic field to write or erase domains are described. Both were demonstrated in special single-layer magnetooptical media with a compensation point of 125-30 degrees C and a Curie temperature of about 310 degrees C. One of these methods uses two laser beams at different power levels. The first beam is set at a low power level which is adequate for erasure but not for writing. This is possible because the laser energy required for erasure of written domains does not overlap with that for writing. The second beam is then fired at the higher pulse power required for writing to put in the new data. The second method uses only a single laser beam in which the pulse energy of the laser is modulated between a low level for erasure of previously written domains and a higher level for writing of new domains, directly overwriting the old data. Both methods have been experimentally demonstrated for variable-length domains so that the use of pulse-width modulation codes is possible. Scanning speeds as high as 15 m/s have been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potential directions for drug development against galectin-7 in cancer (2009)

Although efforts have been made to develop drugs aimed at inhibiting the cancer-promoting propensity of galectins, most of these inhibitors were specific for the CRD region of the molecule and have focused on extracellular functions of galectins. However, galectins may also be involved in protein-protein interactions, most notably in the nucleus. As galectin-7 is expressed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus in cancer cells, it will be important to investigate its nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and how putative drugs will affect its functions in cancer.
Estimating the state of AC power systems using semidefinite programming (2011)

An important monitoring task for power networks is to estimate accurately the underlying grid state, which is useful for security-constrained dispatch and power system control. For nonlinear AC power systems, the state estimation (SE) problem is inherently nonconvex giving rise to many local optima. As a result, existing estimators used extensively in practice rely on iterative optimization methods, which are destined to return only locally optimal solutions. A semidefinite programming (SDP) based approach is introduced in this paper, which relies on convex relaxation of the original SE problem and thereby renders it efficiently solvable. A sufficient condition also becomes available to guarantee that the dual SDP problem attains zero duality gap, and thus ensure that the globally optimal SE solution is achievable in polynomial time. The novel scheme's ability to markedly outperform existing iterative alternatives is corroborated through numerical tests on the standard IEEE 14-bus benchmark system.
Optical Transitions and Excitonic Properties of Ge<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Sn<sub><i>x</i></sub> Alloy Quantum Dots (2017)

Using hybrid functional calculations and experimental characterization, we analyze optical properties of 2–3 nm Ge1–xSnx alloy quantum dots, synthesized by colloidal chemistry methods. Hybrid functional theory, tuned to yield experimental bulk band structure of germanium, reproduces directly measured properties of Ge1–xSnx quantum dots, such as lattice constants, energy gaps, and absorption spectra. Time-dependent hybrid functional calculations yield optical absorption in good agreement with experiments, and allow probing the nature of the dark excitons in quantum dots. Calculations suggest a spin-forbidden dark exciton ground state, which is supported by the changes in the photoluminescence lifetimes with temperature and tin concentrations. The synthesis and theoretical understanding of Ge1–xSnx alloy quantum dots will add to the overall toolbox of low to nontoxic, silicon-compatible group IV semiconductors with potential application in visible to near-infrared optoelectronics.
Effect of alloying elements on heat treatment response of aluminium high pressure die castings (2010)

High pressure die cast (HPDC) aluminium components that respond to age hardening cannot normally be solution treated at high temperatures because the presence of internal porosity and entrapped gases leads to the formation of surface blisters. Parts may also become dimensionally unstable due to swelling. These factors that prevent heat treatment present significant limitations to the utilisation of HPDC components. Now it has been found that blistering and dimensional change can be avoided by using much shorter solution treatment times and lower temperatures. Experiments with alloys 360 (Al–9·5Si–0·5Mg) and 380 (Al–8·5Si–3·5Cu) have shown that strong responses to age hardening are still possible following these modified solution treatments. In the current paper, the role of critical alloying elements is considered in both current specification Al–Si–Cu–(X) alloys, and also in newly developed alloy compositions. It is shown that 0·2% proof strengths over 400 MPa may be readily achieved by heat treating conventionally produced die castings.
Coupled Two-Way Clustering Analysis of Breast Cancer and Colon Cancer Gene Expression Data (2002)

We present and review Coupled Two Way Clustering, a method designed to mine gene expression data. The method identifies submatrices of the total expression matrix, whose clustering analysis reveals partitions of samples (and genes) into biologically relevant classes. We demonstrate, on data from colon and breast cancer, that we are able to identify partitions that elude standard clustering analysis.
Gold nanoparticles as a platform for creating a multivalent poly-SUMO chain inhibitor that also augments ionizing radiation (2012)

Protein-protein interactions mediated by ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifications occur as mono-Ubl or poly-Ubl chains. Proteins that regulate poly-SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) chain conjugates play important roles in cellular response to DNA damage, such as those caused by cancer radiation therapy. Additionally, high atomic number metals, such as gold, preferentially absorb much more X-ray energy than soft tissues, and thus augment the effect of ionizing radiation when delivered to cells. In this study, we demonstrate that conjugation of a weak SUMO-2/3 ligand to gold nanoparticles facilitated selective multivalent interactions with poly-SUMO-2/3 chains leading to efficient inhibition of poly-SUMO-chain-mediated protein-protein interactions. The ligand-gold particle conjugate significantly sensitized cancer cells to radiation but was not toxic to normal cells. This study demonstrates a viable approach for selective targeting of poly-Ubl chains through multivalent interactions created by nanoparticles that can be chosen based on their properties, such as abilities to augment radiation effects.
Extrusion-formed uranium-2. 4 wt % article with decreased linear thermal expansion and method for making the same. [Patent application] (1982)

The present invention is directed to the fabrication of an article of uranium-2.4 wt % niobium alloy in which the linear thermal expansion in the direction transverse to the extrusion direction is less than about 0.98% between 22 and 600/sup 0/C which corresponds to a value greater than the 1.04% provided by previous extrusion operations over the same temperature range. The article with the improved thermal expansion possesses a yield strength at 0.2% offset of at least 400 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1050 MPa, a compressive yield strength of at least 0.2% offset of at least 675 MPa, and an elongation of at least 25% over 25.4 mm/s. To provide this article with the improved thermal expansion, the uranium alloy billet is heated to 630/sup 0/C and extruded in the alpha phase through a die with a reduction ratio of at least 8.4:1 at a ram speed no greater than 6.8 mm/s. These critical extrusion parameters provide the article with a desired decrease in the linear thermal expansion while maintaining the selected mechanical properties without encountering crystal disruption in the article.
Crystal identification performance of the jPET detector depending on refractive index of optical cement between scintillators (2008)

Previously we developed the four-layer DOI detector which consists of four layers of scintillation crystal arrays and a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT). To control the behavior of scintillation light in each DOI crystal array, some reflectors between crystals are removed so that all crystal responses in the four layers are expressed in one two-dimensional (2D) position histogram by implementing an Anger-type calculation of the PS-PMT signals. Since the method utilizes spread of scintillation light through the space between crystals with no reflectors, positioning performance in the 2D position histogram depends on the crystal dimensions, the crystal surface finish, and refractive index of the material in the space. That indicates the degradation of positioning performance as the result of changing crystal condition can be mitigated by using an optical cement of appropriate refractive index. In this work, we studied crystal identification performance by using an optical cement of variable refractive index. The results reveal that 2D position histogram changes as a function of the refractive index change of the optical cement between crystals.
Fine tuning of nonlinear interactions in a solid-state ring laser gyroscope (2008)

We report a strong reduction of nonlinear interactions in a solid-state ring laser gyroscope when the gain medium is vibrated inside the cavity. This considerably improves the quality of rotation sensing for this device.
<title>Image-intensifier-based volume tomographic angiography imaging system: geometric distortion correction</title> (1994)

An image intensifier-based rotational volume tomographic angiography imaging system has been constructed. The system consists of an x-ray tube and an image intensifier that are separately mounted on a gantry. This system uses an image intensifier coupled to a TV camera as a 2D detector so that a set of 2D projections can be acquired for a direct 3D reconstruction. Although an image intensifier offers good detection quantum efficiency and possibly results in a better low contrast resolution than a fluorescent screen, it introduces two types of distortion: S distortion and pincushion distortion. To obtain accurate reconstructions, these distortions must be corrected prior to 3D reconstruction. Techniques for the correction of these distortions have been developed. These techniques were tested using experimental data acquired with the image intensifier-based volume tomographic angiography imaging system. The results indicate that the distortion correction techniques work well.
Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar: Hardware design and mobile demonstrator (2014)

This paper describes the design of a mobile Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar (CPPAR) developed at the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC). The primary purpose of the radar is to prove the concept of a CPPAR and demonstrate its inherent polarimetric advantages. Since these advantages become most apparent in the context of the polarimetric weather radar mission, the ability to make meaningful weather measurements with the system is desired. With limited resources, a novel system has been designed which both can demonstrate the CPPAR concept and serve as a platform for general phased array research in the future.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Borylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes via C—H Activation (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Fmoc-compatible Method for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide C-Terminal (alpha)-Thioesters based on the Safety-Catch Hydrazine Linker (2003)

C-terminal peptide thioesters are key intermediates for the synthesis/semisynthesis of proteins and for the production of cyclic peptides by native chemical ligation. They can be synthetically prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) methods or biosynthetically by protein splicing techniques. Until recently, the chemical synthesis of C-terminal a-thioester peptides by SPPS was largely restricted to the Boc/Benzyl methodology because of the poor stability of the thioester bond to the basic conditions employed for the deprotection of the N{sup {alpha}}-Fmoc group. In the present work, we describe a new method for the SPPS of C-terminal thioesters by Fmoc/t-Bu chemistry. This method is based on the use of an aryl hydrazide linker, which is totally stable to the Fmoc-SPPS conditions. Once the peptide synthesis has been completed, activation of the linker can be achieved by mild oxidation. This step transforms the hydrazide group into a highly reactive diazene intermediate which can react with different H-AA-SEt to yield the corresponding {alpha}-thioester peptide in good yields. This method has been successfully used for the generation of different thioester peptides, circular peptides and a fully functional SH3 protein domain.
A novel waveguide-to-microstrip transition for millimeter-wave module applications (1999)

A novel waveguide-to-microstrip transition is developed using a new design methodology based on iris coupling. Key features of the design are a single-layer substrate, new matching topology, and new cavity enclosure. The transition lends itself to a low-cost implementation, while maintaining the enclosure's hermetic integrity. An extensive tolerance study shows that the present design is robust and very stable with respect to manufacturing and assembly variations. Careful consideration has been given to the mechanical aspects of the transition's implementation in order to achieve seamless integration into the overall package manufacturing and assembly process without sacrificing electrical performance. Proof of concept was achieved by implementing a Q-band (f/sub 0/=44.5 GHz) design on alumina, a W-band (f/sub 0/=94 GHz) design on z-cut quartz, and a W-band design on fused silica. All exhibited better than 22 dB return loss at their center frequencies with less than 0.3 dB insertion loss, and at minimum a 10% 15 dB return-loss bandwidth.
A comparison of step-and-shoot leaf sequencing algorithms that eliminate tongue-and-groove effects (2004)

The performances of three recently published leaf sequencing algorithms for step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy delivery that eliminates tongue-and-groove underdosage are evaluated. Proofs are given to show that the algorithm of Que et al (2004 Phys. Med. Biol. 49 399-405) generates leaf sequences free of tongue-and-groove underdosage and interdigitation. However, the total beam-on times could be up to n times those of the sequences generated by the algorithms of Kamath et al (2004 Phys. Med. Biol. 49 N7-N19), which are optimal in beam-on time for unidirectional leaf movement under the same constraints, where n is the total number of involved leaf pairs. Using 19 clinical fluence matrices and 100000 randomly generated 15 x 15 matrices, the average monitor units and number of segments of the leaf sequences generated using the algorithm of Que et al are about two to four times those generated by the algorithm of Kamath et al.
Four and a half LIM protein 1C (FHL1C) (2011)

Four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 isoform A (FHL1A) is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in the FHL1 gene are causative for several types of hereditary myopathies including X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA). We here studied myoblasts from XMPMA patients. We found that functional FHL1A protein is completely absent in patient myoblasts. In parallel, expression of FHL1C is either unaffected or increased. Furthermore, a decreased proliferation rate of XMPMA myoblasts compared to controls was observed but an increased number of XMPMA myoblasts was found in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Furthermore, low expression of K(v1.5), a voltage-gated potassium channel known to alter myoblast proliferation during the G(1) phase and to control repolarization of action potential, was detected. In order to substantiate a possible relation between K(v1.5) and FHL1C, a pull-down assay was performed. A physical and direct interaction of both proteins was observed in vitro. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed substantial colocalization of FHL1C and K(v1.5) within atrial cells, supporting a possible interaction between both proteins in vivo. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments demonstrated that coexpression of K(v1.5) with FHL1C in Xenopus laevis oocytes markedly reduced K(+) currents when compared to oocytes expressing K(v1.5) only. We here present the first evidence on a biological relevance of FHL1C.