gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 235: Molecular Signature Of Cardiomyogenic c-kit-positive Bone Marrow Cells (2014)

Conflicting results have been reported concerning the ability of c-kit-positive bone marrow cells (c-kit-BMCs) to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes in vivo. We have raised the possibility that c-kit-BMCs may constitute a functionally heterogeneous pool, containing cells with different cardiomyogenic potential. To test this hypothesis, clonal analysis of individual c-kit-BMCs was introduced to track in vivo the progeny derived from a single founder cell. By employing viral gene-tagging, only a limited fraction of clonal c-kit-BMC was found to be able to generate cardiomyocytes in the acutely infarcted heart. On this basis, c-kit-BMC-derived clones were classified as myogenic or non-myogenic. The gene profile of these two categories of cells was studied by RNA-sequencing to determine whether myogenic c-kit-BMCs had a distinct molecular signature. Genes that showed a significant (p<0.05) expression difference of at least 2-fold among cell groups were included in the analysis; 1243 genes were upregulated and 493 genes were downregulated in myogenic c-kit-BMCs when compared with non-myogenic c-kit-BMCs. An additional comparison involved freshly isolated c-kit-BMCs. 2512 genes were upregulated in myogenic c-kit-BMCs and 1844 genes were downregulated in this cell group. These results were subjected to functional annotation using gene ontology for the identification of molecular pathways showing different state of activation or repression in myogenic BMCs. The affected transcripts in myogenic c-kit-BMCs involved mostly signal transduction and muscle development including cardiac muscle. Similarly, a set of genes implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis were more represented in myogenic c-kit-BMCs, possibly reflecting the proficiency of this cell class to form vessels in the microenvironment of the infarcted heart. Our findings document that myogenic clonal c-kit-BMCs have a distinct molecular signature that differs from that of non-moygenic and non-expanded c-kit-BMCs. On this basis, c-kit-BMCs with high cardiomyogenic ability can be prospectively isolated and employed clinically for the treatment of patients with cardiac diseases.
Novel variable spreading sequence length system for improving the processing speed of DS-UWB radar (2008)

A vehicular radar is an essential device to reduce traffic accidents. As such a radar, direct sequence-ultra wideband (DS-UWB) radar has been studied in recent years. It could detect the target at a high resolution. In order to apply the DS-UWB scheme to the vehicular radar system, we need to measure the distance between vehicles at high speed and control the vehicles with enough time margin. However, we have to enlarge the spreading sequence length very much to extend maximum detectable distance because the DS-UWB scheme use extremely short pulses that is 1ns. Therefore, we need to speed up correlation processing time in the case of measuring long distance. Research done to answer this needs has been scarce until now. In this paper, we propose a variable spreading sequence length system in order to improve accuracy and reliability by increasing the update rate of data of distance between vehicles. Some simulation results show that ranging time and accuracy could be improved by the proposed system.
Implementation of full-color holographic system using non-uniformly sampled 2D images and compressed point cloud gridding (2019)

A multiple-camera holographic system using non-uniformly sampled 2D images and compressed point cloud gridding (C-PCG) is suggested. High-quality, digital single-lens reflex cameras are used to acquire the depth and color information from real scenes; these are then virtually reconstructed by the uniform point cloud using a non-uniform sampling method. The C-PCG method is proposed to generate efficient depth grids by classifying groups of object points with the same depth values in the red, green, and blue channels. Holograms are obtained by applying fast Fourier transform diffraction calculations to the grids. Compared to wave-front recording plane methods, the quality of the reconstructed images is substantially better, and the computational complexity is dramatically reduced. The feasibility of our method is confirmed both numerically and optically.
A Hybrid Network Architecture for Data Centers (2015)

In recent years, the concept of Big Data (BD) analytics has brought rapid changes to the way enterprises conduct business. Everyday more organizations are getting into the cloud of BD users. Due to an influx of data analytic projects, data centers and cloud-based service providers have experienced massive growth. A growth engulfed with impetuous increase of data and the rapid rise of Internet traffic has resulted in data centers facing new challenges. At the same time, service providers must meet the demands of cloud computing and emerging web applications. To fulfill those requirements, number of servers in a rack are increasing quickly with servers connected to high bandwidth switches. Present data center networks based on electrical packet switching have many disadvantages. Electrical links consume much power and have bottleneck issues. They are often not suitable to provide low latency at high throughput. A promising solution involves optical circuit switch links in the data center. Research in optical fibers has gained attention for providing high throughput, low latency, and incredibly low energy consumption. In this paper, we present a hybrid electrical and optical networking topology for data centers used in cloud computing and Big Data applications. Furthermore, we explain the reasons how the proposed architecture helps in improvements related to the performance of the data centers.
Radioiodination of proteins using N-succinimidyl 4-hydroxy-3-iodobenzoate (1993)

N-Succinimidyl 4-hydroxy-3-[131I]iodobenzoate ([131I]SHIB) was synthesized from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in two steps. The overall radiochemical yield was 40-56%. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) was labeled in 10-15% yield by reaction with [131I]SHIB. The specific binding of [131I]SHIB mAb to tumor homogenates in vivo was 78 +/- 3%, compared to 84 +/- 3% for the same mAb labeled using N-succinimidyl 3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SIB). Paired-label studies in normal mice demonstrated similar tissue distributions of 131I and 125I except in thyroid. In thyroid, uptake of the two isotopes was similar on day 1; however, 131I levels increased gradually to 2-3 times those of 125I by day 6. Our results indicate that loss of label in vivo from mAbs labeled using SHIB is somewhat higher than seen with SIB but significantly lower than that observed when direct iodination methods are used.
Studies of the mechanism by which the mechanical failure of polymethylmethacrylate leads to bone resorption. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the mechanical failure of polymethylmethacrylate and bone resorption at the bone-cement interface of a prosthesis. Evaluation of tissue that had been retrieved from the cement-bone interface of eighteen femoral components of total hip prostheses that were loose without associated infection revealed that a critical factor associated with bone resorption was the presence of particles that were small enough (one to twelve micrometers) to be phagocytized by macrophages. To study this phenomenon in vitro, macrophages in tissue culture were exposed to three preparations of polymethylmethacrylate cement. A novel method of cement preparation was used with control for solid and soluble contaminants, which provided a sensitive and specific technique for the determination of which mediators were released from the macrophages. Electron microscopy demonstrated phagocytosis of particles of less than twelve micrometers in size, regardless of the type of cement preparation. Exposure to all three cement preparations resulted in toxicity, as reflected by inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation. Exposure also led to increased release of tumor necrosis factor, but none of the three preparations resulted in release of prostaglandin E2. Division of the cement preparations into two groups on the basis of the size of the particles demonstrated that exposure to particles that were small enough to be phagocytized led to inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation and release of tumor necrosis factor, while exposure to particles that were too large to be phagocytized did not. Neither exposure to small particles nor exposure to large particles of cement led to release of prostaglandin E2. Our results show that when the mechanical failure of cement produces particles that are small enough to be phagocytized, phagocytosis of the particles results in the increased production of tumor necrosis factor by the macrophages, which may in turn lead to bone resorption and prosthetic loosening. These small particles also decrease 3H-thymidine uptake by the macrophages.
On Optimal Multichannel Mean-Squared Error Estimators for Speech Enhancement (2009)

In this letter we present discrete Fourier transform (DFT) domain minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimators for multichannel noise reduction. The estimators are derived assuming that the clean speech magnitude DFT coefficients are generalized-Gamma distributed. We show that for Gaussian distributed noise DFT coefficients, the optimal filtering approach consists of a concatenation of a minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer followed by well-known single-channel MMSE estimators. The multichannel Wiener filter follows as a special case of the presented MSE estimators and is in general suboptimal. For non-Gaussian distributed noise DFT coefficients the resulting spatial filter is in general nonlinear with respect to the noisy microphone signals and cannot be decomposed into an MVDR beamformer and a post-filter.
Ultrafast electron microscopy in materials science, biology, and chemistry (2005)

The use of pump-probe experiments to study complex transient events has been an area of significant interest in materials science, biology, and chemistry. While the emphasis has been on laser pump with laser probe and laser pump with x-ray probe experiments, there is a significant and growing interest in using electrons as probes. Early experiments used electrons for gas-phase diffraction of photostimulated chemical reactions. More recently, scientists are beginning to explore phenomena in the solid state such as phase transformations, twinning, solid-state chemical reactions, radiation damage, and shock propagation. This review focuses on the emerging area of ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), which comprises ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and dynamic transmission electron microscopy (DTEM). The topics that are treated include the following: (1) The physics of electrons as an ultrafast probe. This encompasses the propagation dynamics of the electrons (space-charge effect, Child’s law, Boersch effect) and extends to relativistic effects. (2) The anatomy of UED and DTEM instruments. This includes discussions of the photoactivated electron gun (also known as photogun or photoelectron gun) at conventional energies (60–200 keV) and extends to MeV beams generated by rf guns. Another critical aspect of the systems is the electron detector. Charge-coupled device cameras and microchannel-plate-based cameras are compared and contrasted. The effect of various physical phenomena on detective quantum efficiency is discussed. (3) Practical aspects of operation. This includes determination of time zero, measurement of pulse-length, and strategies for pulse compression. (4) Current and potential applications in materials science, biology, and chemistry. UEM has the potential to make a significant impact in future science and technology. Understanding of reaction pathways of complex transient phenomena in materials science, biology, and chemistry will provide fundamental knowledge for discovery-class science.
Excitation of thick-film resonant sensor structures (1995)

Thick-film technology is attractive in sensor applications because of its cheapness and robustness. The main problem is the relative difficulty of controlling the dimensions and properties of the films without adding expensive trimming processes. Resonant sensors, on the other hand, have a number of advantages, including a relative insensitivity to variations in the added films. Combining the two technologies could therefore be advantageous. Two methods of exciting mechanical resonance in a simple cantilever beam are investigated. The first is based on periodic Joule heating in a conventional thick-film resistor and the second on piezoelectric deformation of a specially formulated ink. In each case, a strain sensor is added to provide for sustained oscillation by electronic positive feedback. Open-loop measurements show that in each case a Q factor of the order of 200 is achievable.
Error detecting decimal digits (1989)

Decimal-oriented error detection schemes are explored in the context of one particular company project.
High genetic compatibility and increased pathogenicity of reassortants derived from avian H9N2 and pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza viruses (2011)

H9N2 influenza viruses have been circulating worldwide in multiple avian species and repeatedly infecting mammals, including pigs and humans, posing a significant threat to public health. The coexistence of H9N2 and pandemic influenza H1N1/2009 viruses in pigs and humans provides an opportunity for these viruses to reassort. To evaluate the potential public risk of the reassortant viruses derived from these viruses, we used reverse genetics to generate 127 H9 reassortants derived from an avian H9N2 and a pandemic H1N1 virus, and evaluated their compatibility, replication ability, and virulence in mice. These hybrid viruses showed high genetic compatibility and more than half replicated to a high titer in vitro. In vivo studies of 73 of 127 reassortants revealed that all viruses were able to infect mice without prior adaptation and 8 reassortants exhibited higher pathogenicity than both parental viruses. All reassortants with higher virulence than parental viruses contained the PA gene from the 2009 pandemic virus, revealing the important role of the PA gene from the H1N1/2009 virus in generating a reassortant virus with high public health risk. Analyses of the polymerase activity of the 16 ribonucleoprotein combinations in vitro suggested that the PA of H1N1/2009 origin also enhanced polymerase activity. Our results indicate that some avian H9-pandemic reassortants could emerge with a potentially higher threat for humans and also highlight the importance of monitoring the H9-pandemic reassortant viruses that may arise, especially those that possess the PA gene of H1N1/2009 origin.
Seismic data processing via homomorphic filtering (2002)

Homomorphic deconvolution, a filtering technique, is used to analyze real seismic data. It can separate the wavelet from the impulse train which is formed by convolution. For illustration purposes, four different signals, resulting from regional event, quarry blast, local blast, and a marine explosion, respectively, are considered. The complex cepstrum is also used to detect multiple echoes in a signal. The results show the effectiveness of the method.
Estrogen receptor (ER) β expression in oligodendrocytes is required for attenuation of clinical disease by an ERβ ligand (2013)

Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice with the estrogen receptor (ER) β ligand diarylpropionitrile (DPN) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects via stimulation of endogenous myelination. The direct cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of this ERβ ligand on the central nervous system are uncertain because different cell types in both the peripheral immune system and central nervous system express ERs. ERβ is the target molecule of DPN because DPN treatment fails to decrease EAE clinical symptoms in global ERβ-null mice. Here we investigated the potential role of ERβ expression in cells of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage in ERβ ligand-mediated neuroprotection. To this end, we selectively deleted ERβ in OLs using the well-characterized Cre-loxP system for conditional gene knockout (CKO) in mice. The effects of this ERβ CKO on ERβ ligand-mediated neuroprotective effects in chronic EAE mice were investigated. ERβ CKO in OLs prevented DPN-induced decrease in EAE clinical disease. DPN treatment during EAE did not attenuate demyelination, only partially improved axon conduction, and did not activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine-specific protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in ERβ CKO mice. However, DPN treatment significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in ERβ CKO mice. These findings demonstrate that signaling through ERβ in OLs is essential for the beneficial myelination effects of the ERβ ligand DPN in chronic EAE mice. Further, these findings have important implications for neuroprotective therapies that directly target OL survival and myelination.
Strain-engineered diffusive atomic switching in two-dimensional crystals (2016)

Strain engineering is an emerging route for tuning the bandgap, carrier mobility, chemical reactivity and diffusivity of materials. Here we show how strain can be used to control atomic diffusion in van der Waals heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) crystals. We use strain to increase the diffusivity of Ge and Te atoms that are confined to 5 Å thick 2D planes within an Sb2Te3-GeTe van der Waals superlattice. The number of quintuple Sb2Te3 2D crystal layers dictates the strain in the GeTe layers and consequently its diffusive atomic disordering. By identifying four critical rules for the superlattice configuration we lay the foundation for a generalizable approach to the design of switchable van der Waals heterostructures. As Sb2Te3-GeTe is a topological insulator, we envision these rules enabling methods to control spin and topological properties of materials in reversible and energy efficient ways.
Impact of Rotor–Airframe Orientation on the Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Characteristics of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (2019)

With the rapid increase in the number of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) in recent years and a plethora of possible applications, the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of these vehicles become very important issues. Due to the limited research on the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of sUAS which include an airframe or support arm, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the flow and acoustic features with the inclusion of said geometry. The influence of rotor orientation—either mounted above or below the airframe—was comprehensively studied through experimental and computational analyses. Detailed experimental investigations—including particle image velocimetry (PIV), pressure transducer readings, and acoustic measurements—were employed to assess the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a rotor–airframe system used on typical multirotor sUAS. The results from the computational methodology were also compared to those from the experiment to assess accuracy and possible benefits.
Abstract #LB-7: Targeting triple-negative breast cancer via PU-H71, a purine-scaffold heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor (2009)

Background. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are defined by a lack of expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Due to the absence these molecular targets and to their intrinsic biological heterogeneity, treatment options for TNBC patients are limited to conventional chemotherapy. Unfortunately, standard chemotherapy is less effective in women with TNBC, indicating that new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Our previous findings demonstrated that TNBC cell lines are particularly sensitive to the purine-scafold Hsp90 inhibitor PU-H71. Moreover, PU-H71 exhibited a potent and durable anti-tumor activity in TNBC xenografts inducing complete responses without toxicity to the host (Abstract 5637, AACR-Annual Meeting 2008). Study design. In order to determine the mechanisms underlying the effect of PU-H71 in TNBC, we isolated Hsp90 complexes containing co-chaperons, adaptors and client proteins using PU-H71 immobilized on beads, followed by LC/MS/MS. Findings were independently confirmed by western blots. Three different TNBC cell lines were used (MDA-468, MDA-231 and Hcc1806) in triplicate experiments in vitro, and some of the results confirmed in tumor xenografts in vivo. Results. Several oncogenic pathways responsible for cell proliferation and migration are activated in TNBC including those driven by EGFR, IGF-IR, HER3 and c-Kit. These proteins activate the core unit composed by Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK that ultimate regulates the expression of critical genes for TNBC. We found that in TNBC cells, EGFR, IGF-IR, HER3, c-Kit and Raf-1, are in a complex with Hsp90 and are preferentially targeted for degradation by PU-H71. We also identified new Raf/MEK/ERK pathway components bound to Hsp90, such as ERK2 and p90RSK. Recent reports suggested that Akt activation plays a role in therapy resistance in breast cancer. We found that the Ser473 phosphorylated (active) Akt as well as its activator, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1), are in complex with Hsp90 in TNBC cells and are sensitive targets of PU-H71 both in vitro and in vivo. PU-H71 was able to inactivate Akt in TNBC cells inducing apoptosis to a degree similar to specific Akt inhibitors, suggesting that activated Akt is an important apoptotic target of PU-H71. In addition, we found that PU-H71-dependent inhibition of NF-kB, Akt, ERK2, Tyk2 and PKC is involved in the reduction of the invasive potential of these tumors. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that a multitude of TNBC driving proteins, including those involved in cell cycle progression, proliferation, cell survival and invasion, exist in complex with the Hsp90 complexes and are recognized by PU-H71. In conclusion, the pluripotent effect of PU-H71 in TNBC cells is highly connected to its ability to inactivate these complexes in a parallel fashion, leading to downregulation of a large number of cancer activating molecules. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-7.
Modeling and Design of Switching Regulators (1982)

Various building blocks of a switching regulator are described in detail and mathematical models are developed for all building blocks in terms of transfer functions, which enable one to design a switching regulator for stability, desirable bandwidth, line rejection, and transient response. A step-by-step procedure to design compensation is illustrated using two examples. Various networks for compensation and their transfer functions are presented which the author hopes will be very handy to use and will become the reference source.
3-D radar imaging using range migration techniques (2000)

An imaging system with three-dimensional (3-D) capability can be implemented by using a stepped frequency radar which synthesizes a two-dimensional (2-D) planar aperture. A 3-D image can be formed by coherently integrating the backscatter data over the measured frequency band and the two spatial coordinates of the 2-D synthetic aperture. This paper presents a near-field 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging algorithm. This algorithm is an extension of the 2-D range migration algorithm (RMA). The presented formulation is justified by using the method of the stationary phase (MSP). Implementation aspects including the sampling criteria, resolutions, and computational complexity are assessed. The high computational efficiency and accurate image reconstruction of the algorithm are demonstrated both with numerical simulations and measurements using an outdoor linear SAR system.