gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quasi-aromatic heterocyclics as laser dyes. Interim technical report (1989)

Superior laser dyes were recently discovered in the quasi-aromatic families of syn-dioxabimanes and pyrromethene-BF/sub 2/ complexes. The representative new dye mu-bis-(carboethoxy) methylene-syn-(methylene, methyl) bimane lased at 507 nm with 50% greater efficiency than was obtained with Coumarin 30. A similar determination showed 4, 4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene to lase at 546 nm with about 300% greater efficiency than was obtained from Coumarin 545. These quasi-aromatic systems are readily available and offer desirable properties of stability (photo, thermal, and chemical), solubility, and diminished triplet-triplet absorption in the lasing spectral region. Selected spectroscopic and lasing properties of these new laser dyes are presented.
Design, analysis, and control of a variable electromotive-force generator with an adjustable overlap between the rotor and the stator (2018)

A variable electromotive-force generator (VEG), which is a modified generator with an adjustable overlap between the rotor and the stator, is proposed to expand the operational range of a regular generator through a simple and robust active control strategy. It has a broad range of applications in hybrid vehicles, wind turbines, water turbines, and similar technologies. A mathematical model of the VEG is developed, and a novel prototype is designed and fabricated. The performance of the VEG with an active control system, which adjusts the overlap ratio based on the desired output power at different rotor speeds for a specific application, is theoretically and experimentally studied. The results show that reducing the overlap between the rotor and the stator of the generator results in reduced torque loss of the generator and an increased rotational speed of the generator rotor. A VEG can improve the fuel efficiency of hybrid vehicles; it can also expand operational ranges of wind turbines and water turbines and harness more power.
Prohibitin: A New Biomarker for Breast Tumors (1997)

Abstract: Prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is significantly overexpressed in cell lines derived from breast tumors. In this study, prohibitin expression was analyzed in normal tissue and compared to specimens from patients diagnosed with various stages of breast disease: hy-perplasia, atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. Prohibitin expression in both epithelial and stromal elements increases with the severity of the disease state, progressing from low levels in normal tissue to three- to fivefold elevation in patients with invasive carcinoma. These results parallel those previously obtained with in vitro model systems and show that prohibitin expression is a biomarker for breast cancer.
<title>Infrared Laser Heating For Thermoplastic Recording</title> (1977)

IR laser heating for thermal development and erasure of data is presented with results showing holographic diffraction efficiency, signal to noise ratio, thermoplastic surface condition, recording area size and IR energy requirements.
Addressable floating light activated micro-electrical stimulators for wireless neurostimulation (2011)

Stimulation of the central nervous system can be useful for treating neurological disorders. Wireless neurostimulating devices have the benefit that they can float in tissue and do not experience the sheering caused by tethering tension that non-wireless stimulators impose on connecting wires. An optically powered, logic controlled, CMOS microdevice that can decode telemetry data from an optical packet is a potential way of implementing wireless, addressable, microstimulators. Through the use of an optical packet, different devices can be addressed for stimulation, allowing spatially selective activation of neural tissue. This work presents the design and simulations of such a neural stimulation device, specifically an optically powered CMOS circuit that decodes telemetry data and determines whether it has been addressed.
Active eye-tracking for an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2015)

We demonstrate a system that combines a tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TSLO) and an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) system resulting in both optical (hardware) and digital (software) eye-tracking capabilities. The hybrid system employs the TSLO for active eye-tracking at a rate up to 960 Hz for real-time stabilization of the AOSLO system. AOSLO videos with active eye-tracking signals showed, at most, an amplitude of motion of 0.20 arcminutes for horizontal motion and 0.14 arcminutes for vertical motion. Subsequent real-time digital stabilization limited residual motion to an average of only 0.06 arcminutes (a 95% reduction). By correcting for high amplitude, low frequency drifts of the eye, the active TSLO eye-tracking system enabled the AOSLO system to capture high-resolution retinal images over a larger range of motion than previously possible with just the AOSLO imaging system alone.
Amplification of human minisatellites by the polymerase chain reaction: towards DNA fingerprinting of single cells (1988)

Hypervariable minisatellites can be amplified from human DNA by the polymerase chain reaction, using primers from DNA flanking the minisatellite to amplify the entire block of tandem repeat units. Minisatellite alleles up to 5-10 kb long can be faithfully amplified. At least six minisatellite loci can be co-amplified from the same DNA sample and simultaneously detected to provide a reproducible and highly variable DNA fingerprint which can be obtained from nanogram quantities of human DNA. The polymerase chain reaction can also be used to analyse single target minisatellite molecules and single human cells, despite the appearance of spurious PCR products from some hypervariable loci. DNA fingerprinting at the level of one or a few cells therefore appears possible.
Automatic digital redeye reduction (2002)

Photographing people in a dark room with a compact camera using a flash often results in redeye. By scanning a photo effected by redeye into the computer, it is possible to digitally process the photo to correct redeye. We describe a process to automatically correct redeye with minimal user intervention. The redeye reduction process consists of three main blocks: create mask, pupil location, and replace color. The create mask block performs a segmentation of the data based on color information, and outputs a binary mask indicating the possible locations of redeye. The pupil location block processes the binary mask to determine a circular eye region. The replace color block changes the color of the circular eye region with some boundary adjustments. We have successfully tested this redeye reduction method on a large number of images. The algorithm is very user friendly and robust.
Widely tunable high-power external cavity quantum cascade laser operating in continuous-wave at room temperature (2009)

A grating-coupled external cavity quantum cascade laser operating in continuous-wave at room temperature is reported. Single-frequency operation tunable over more than 160 cm−1 around the centre wavelength of 4.6 µm has been observed at a chip temperature of 300 K. The maximum optical power at the gain peak was 300 mW, corresponding to a wall-plug efficiency of 6%. Observed power output at the gain bandwidth edges was in excess of 125 mW.
Frequency-based controls for terrain editing (2014)

Authoring virtual terrains can be a challenging task. Procedural and stochastic methods for automated terrain generation produce plausible results but lack intuitive control of the terrain features, while data driven methods offer more creative control at the cost of a limited feature set, higher storage requirements and blending artefacts. Moreover, artists often prefer a workflow involving varied reference material such as photographs, concept art, elevation maps and satellite images, for the incorporation of which there is little support from commercial content-creation tools. We present a sketch-based toolset for asset-guided creation and intuitive editing of virtual terrains, allowing the manipulation of both elevation maps and 3D meshes, and exploiting a layer-based interface. We employ a frequency-band subdivision of elevation maps to allow using the appropriate editing tool for each level of detail. Using our system, we show that a user can start from various input types: storyboard sketches, photographs or height maps to easily develop and customise a virtual terrain.
Pyrrolothieno[1,4]diazepines: Synthesis of alkoxy derivatives (1995)

Abstract Reactivity of 2‐(2‐formyl‐1 H ‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐3‐thiophenecarbonitrile and of 2‐(2‐formyl‐1 H ‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐3‐thiophenecarboxamide was evaluated against various alkoxides. The synthetic pathways involved in these reactions which led to new 4‐ and 6‐alkoxypyrrolothieno[1,4]diazepines are described.
LPaintB: Learning to Paint from Self-Supervision (2019)

We present a novel reinforcement learning-based natural media painting algorithm. Our goal is to reproduce a reference image using brush strokes and we encode the objective through observations. Our formulation takes into account that the distribution of the reward in the action space is sparse and training a reinforcement learning algorithm from scratch can be difficult. We present an approach that combines self-supervised learning and reinforcement learning to effectively transfer negative samples into positive ones and change the reward distribution. We demonstrate the benefits of our painting agent to reproduce reference images with brush strokes. The training phase takes about one hour and the runtime algorithm takes about 30 seconds on a GTX1080 GPU reproducing a 1000x800 image with 20,000 strokes.
Permeability Computations of Shale Gas by the Pore-Scale Monte Carlo Molecular Simulations (2015)

Abstract The permeability variation of shale gas with pressure is an important input data in the predictions of well performance for optimizing production. We present a novel pore-scale simulation scheme to accurately compute the permeabilities at different pressure conditions by using the Fortran parallel software NanoGasSim, which was developed with a recent Monte Carlo molecular simulation method (i.e., the DSBGK method that is based on the Bhatnager-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation and has been comprehensively verified against the traditional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method). The influence of adsorption layer on the permeability can be considered at each given pressure by adjusting the effective pore space according to the adsorption-layer thickness and specifying a potential moving velocity for adsorption layer. Then, the Klinkenberg slippage effect at high Knudsen numbers (Kn) is accurately modeled in the DSBGK simulations of free gas inside the effective pore space and the permeability can be computed from the steady-state flow velocity distribution. Linear variation of permeability with reciprocal pressure is observed in the range of high Kn with low pressure and the permeability becomes almost unchanged at low Kn with high pressure, where a large number of simulated molecules move inside hundreds of millions of cells and message passing interface (MPI) parallel computations are employed to reduce the computational time. Our computed permeability data can be directly used for industrial applications and also provide a reference to calibrate empirical correlation models as fitting formulas (e.g., the Klinkenberg model) and to validate other pore-scale simulation methods based on artificial corrections at high Kn (e.g., the lattice Boltzmann method).
Preparation of Antimicrobial Textiles Using a Sonochemical Method (2011)

There is a growing need for hygienic textiles for clothing, wound healing, and medical applications in hospitals and other places where bacteria present a hazard. The reason for this is because some bacterial strains have demonstrated an increasing resistance toward antibiotics. We describe here a patent for preparing antimicrobial fabrics, coated with metal oxide nanoparticles by means of a novel sonochemical method. These antibacterial fabrics are widely used for production of outdoor clothes, under-wear, bed-linen, bandages, etc. The deposition of metal oxides known to possess antimicrobial activity, namely ZnO, MgO and CuO, can significantly extend the applications of textile fabrics and prolong the period of their use. The present patent provides a method for ultrasonic impregnation of textiles with metal oxide nanoparticles thereby producing a textile – metal oxide composite containing homogeneously impregnated metal oxide nanoparticles. By means of the novel sonochemical method, a uniform deposition of metal oxide nanoparticles is achieved simply. Keywords: Nanoparticles, antibacterial fabrics, sonochemical methods
Recent advances in quartz-enhanced gas-phase photoacoustic spectroscopy (2006)

A new approach to detecting photoacoustic signals in gas media is reported. Instead of using a gas-filled resonant acoustic cavity and a microphone as in traditional photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) the sound energy can also be detected using a high Q piezoelectric crystal element. Quartz crystal tuning forks can be used as resonant transducer elements for photoacoustic gas sensing. Recently, we introduced a novel approach to PAS called quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS). QEPAS takes advantage of the extremely high quality factor Q of quartz crystals. Feasibility experiments of a gas sensor utilizing a quartz tuning fork (TF) resonating at 32.768 kHz and a fiber coupled distributed-feedback (DFB) diode laser operating at 1.53 /spl mu/m have demonstrated a normalized detection limit of 7.2/spl times/10/sup -9/ W/Hz/sup 1/2 / using NH/sub 3/ as the target gas. This sensitivity is in the same range as the best reported result for conventional PAS. The sensitivity limiting factor of QEPAS is the fundamental thermal noise of the TF.
Effect of treating glioblastoma with a cytokine inhibitor, ibudilast, in combination with temozolomide on survival in a patient-derived xenograft model. (2017)

2062 Background: Recurrence in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is inevitable, even in patients with O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyl Transferase ( MGMT) methylation. We identified increased expression of the inflammatory cytokine, Macrophage Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and its receptor CD74 in patients with recurrent tumors. High levels of MIF and CD74 were associated with poor overall survival in GBM patients. This study aims to determine efficacy of Ibudliast (MN-166; 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyridine) to block MIF expression and decrease tumor burden. Ibudilast is an anti-inflammatory drug that was developed for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Methods: The patient derived cell lines (PDCLs) RN1 ( MGMT unmethylated), BAH1 ( MGMT methylated), and HW1 ( MGMT methylated) were treated in vitrowith different concentrations of ibudilast in combination with temozolomide (TMZ). Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models of GBM were developed and treated with the combination of ibudilast and TMZ. Overall survival was calculated. Results: Regardless of MGMT status, significant synergism between ibudilast and TMZ was observed in the PDCLs. Efficacy was associated with significantly decreased expression of its targets, MIF and CD74. Downstream proteins such as Src and Akt were also significantly inhibited. The combination induced apoptosis. RN1 tumors were established intracranially in Balb/c nude mice. Significant increases in survival times of the mice were recorded when treated with the combination. Conclusions: Ibudilast in combination with TMZ resulted in significant blockage of MIF expression, increased apoptosis and longer survival in vivo. A human pilot study for recurrent GBM patients is underway.
Modular stacked variable-compression ratio multi-stage gas micropump (2015)

We report the design, fabrication and testing of a new “stacked” multi-stage electrostatic gas micropump. Utilizing a stacked structure provides modularity as well as the ability to change the number of pumping stages post-fabrication to achieve the required pressure for a given application. The stacked design also eliminates the need for bidirectional movement of the pumping membrane. The new design presents a novel method to adjust the volume ratio of a given stage to achieve a uniform pressure increase across individual stages of the multi-stage system. A pressure difference of 1.1kPa and air flow rate of 85 µL/min is obtained by a 3-stage stacked micropump. An individual micropump stage is 5.5×4×0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and each pumping/microvalve membrane is 2 × 2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Domains of Apolipoprotein E Contributing to Triglyceride and Cholesterol Homeostasis in Vivo (2001)

Apolipoprotein (apo) E has been implicated in cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis in humans. At physiological concentration apoE promotes efficient clearance of apoE-containing lipoprotein remnants. However, high apoE plasma levels correlate with high plasma triglyceride levels. We have used adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in apoE-deficient mice (E(-)/-) to define the domains of apoE required for cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis in vivo. A dose of 2 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of apoE4-expressing adenovirus reduced slightly the cholesterol levels of E(-)/- mice and resulted in severe hypertriglyceridemia, due to accumulation of cholesterol and triglyceride-rich very low density lipoprotein particles in plasma. In contrast, the truncated form apoE4-202 resulted in a 90% reduction in the plasma cholesterol levels but did not alter plasma triglyceride levels in the E(-)/- mice. ApoE secretion by cell cultures, as well as the steady-state hepatic mRNA levels in individual mice expressing apoE4 or apoE4-202, were similar. In contrast, very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion in mice expressing apoE4, but not apoE4-202, was increased 10-fold, as compared with mice infected with a control adenovirus. The findings suggest that the amino-terminal 1-202 region of apoE4 contains the domains required for the in vivo clearance of lipoprotein remnants. Furthermore, the carboxyl-terminal 203-299 residues of apoE promote hepatic very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion and contribute to apoE-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
Synthesis and biological activity of a new class of cytotoxic agents: N-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)-substituted pyrimidines and purines (1984)

The 1-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl) derivatives of thymine and cytosine and the corresponding 9-substituted derivatives of adenine and guanine (products of degradation of DNA by bleomycin, Fe2+, and O2) have been synthesized and tested for biological activity. The thymine and adenine compounds are highly cytotoxic to a variety of tumor cell lines and inhibit macromolecular synthesis in cultured HeLa cells. Structure-activity studies, based primarily on the pyrimidine derivatives, reveal that the most potent inhibition occurs when the propenal group is located on the 3-nitrogen of a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside. The 3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl) derivatives of thymidine, 2'-deoxyuridine, and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine powerfully and selectively inhibit incorporation of thymidine into DNA at concentrations (IC50 approximately equal to 0.5 microM) comparable to those observed with idoxuridine. Active compounds in this series react readily with nucleophiles containing primary amino and sulfhydryl groups. The results of this study provide a basis for the development of a new class of cytotoxic agents.
Smart Steering with Machine Learning for Wireless Mesh Networks (2020)

In wireless networks, clients can be steered from one access point (AP) to another for a better internet connection. Although this client steering has large potential to improve overall network service and the user experience, such steering actions may not always yield the desired result and the client may remain persistently connected to its current AP. This issue is referred to as the sticky client problem, which prevents the intended improvement in the network. In this work, in order to address the sticky client problem, Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a batch method and kernel perceptron as an online method are examined based on various network features. Nonlinear classifiers of correct steering actions have been trained to maximize the accuracy of steering actions. In particular, the online kernel perceptron performs sequential learning at APs using the cloud data to decide about steering actions in real time. This algorithm is data-driven, and able to provide optimum steering in realtime. In our experiments, we observed that our batch approach identifies successful steering actions with %95 accuracy. On the other hand, our online algorithm is able to approximate the batch performance by a small margin while allowing real time steering with significantly lower computational complexity.
Short Lecture 4 “Evaluation of antiproliferative and anti-angiogenic activity of an ethanolic extract of Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet against skin cancer” (2022)

Skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer, with the number of cases continuing to rise globally. Angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels, is required for tumor growth and metastasis, including in skin cancer. New blood vessels enhance the supply of oxygen and nutrients needed by cancerous cells to proliferate. Medicinal plants extracts have exhibited the ability to inibit tumor cell angiogenesis, therefore, an ethanolic extract of Helichrysum odoratissimum (HO) has been evaluated in this study. HO demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against squamous cell carcinoma (A431) and human melanoma (A375) with fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 15.5 ± 0.2 and 55.5 ± 6.6 µg/mL, respectively, and a selectivity index of 5.85 and 1.63 respectively, when compared to human dermal fibroblasts (MRHF). HO furthermore modulated interleukins involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-8 (103 ± 6.1 pg/mL) was significantly inhibited compared to the control (123 ± 3.0 pg/mL), whereas IL-12 (12.4 ± 7.0 pg/mL) was significantly stimulated compared to the control (4.71 ± 0.5 pg/mL). HO (18.5 µg/egg) furthermore, significantly inhibited new blood vessel formation (68.35 ± 12.80% newly formed vessels) as observed in the ex ovo chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). In addition, HO (5 mg/mL) did not show a mutagenic effect on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. These results show the potential of HO for further evaluation in pre-clinical studies. The authors declare no conflict of interest.