gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bulk-Type High-Pressure MEMS Pressure Sensor With Dual-Cavity Induced Mechanical Amplification (2022)

A bulk-type, single-cavity, piezoresistive pressure sensor was previously developed and characterized up to 200 MPa. Its sensitivity of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$79~\mu \text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /V/MPa was limited by the bulging of the surface on which the piezoresistors were constructed. Presently reported is a bulk-type, dual-cavity pressure sensor with an improved construction and a new layout design of the piezoresistors. Simulation based on finite-element analysis has been used to study the dual-cavity induced stress amplification, and to guide the design of the thickness of the pressure sensing plate and the height of the cavities. Characterized over the same pressure range of 200 MPa, the dual-cavity sensor exhibits a ~2.5-times higher sensitivity of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200~\mu \text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /V/MPa. Furthermore, compliant silicon pillar connectors have been incorporated in the sensor without requiring additional fabrication processes. Simulation has been performed to show the potential of a chip-scale packaging implementation capable of largely relieving packaging-induced stress. [2022-0019]
Renal epithelial cells rapidly bind and internalize calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. (1994)

Renal tubular fluid is supersaturated with calcium and oxalate ions, which can nucleate to form crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), the most abundant constituent of kidney stones. However, the mechanisms by which nascent crystals are retained in the nephron and then grow into kidney stones are unclear. An interaction of COM crystals with the surface of renal epithelial cells could be a critical initiating event in nephrolithiasis. To investigate this possibility we used cultures of monkey kidney epithelial cells (BSC-1 line) as a model system and found that [14C]COM crystals bound to the cell surface within seconds. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that crystals bind first to apical microvilli, which subsequently migrate over the crystalline surface. When visualized by transmission electron microscopy, intracellular crystals were located within vesicles. Cytoskeletal responses to crystal uptake were sought by immunofluorescence microscopy, which revealed concentration of F-actin at sites of crystal contact as well as a generalized reorganization of the intermediate filament network containing cytokeratin 8. Uptake of COM crystals did not adversely affect renal epithelial cell growth, and internalized crystals were apparently distributed to daughter cells during division. Rapid adherence of COM crystals to the apical surface of tubular epithelial cells could promote crystal retention in the kidney. Elucidation of factors that regulate this process may provide insight into the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis.
New Pre-pandemic Influenza Vaccines: An Egg- and Adjuvant-independent Human Adenoviral Vector Strategy Induces Long-lasting Protective Immune Responses in Mice (2007)

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses that are currently circulating in southeast Asia may acquire the potential to cause the next influenza pandemic. A number of alternate approaches are being pursued to generate cross-protective, dose-sparing, safe, and effective vaccines, as traditional vaccine approaches, i.e., embryonated egg-grown, are not immunogenic. We developed a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector-based, adjuvant- and egg-independent pandemic influenza vaccine strategy as a potential alternative to conventional egg-derived vaccines. In this paper, we address suboptimal dose and longevity of vaccine-induced protective immunity and demonstrate that a vaccine dose as little as 1 x 10(6) plaque-forming unit (PFU) is sufficient to induce protective immune responses against a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. Furthermore, the vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses and protective immunity persisted at least for a year.
A methodology for propagating design tolerances to shape tolerances for use in manufacturing (2010)

The move to low-k1 lithography makes it increasingly difficult to print feature sizes which are a small fraction of the wavelength of light. Manufacturing processes currently treat a target layout as a fixed requirement for lithography. However, in reality layout features may vary within certain bounds without violating design constraints. The knowledge of such tolerances, coupled with models for process variability, can help improve the manufacturability of layout features while still meeting design requirements. In this paper, we propose a methodology to convert electrical slack in a design to shape slack or tolerances on individual layout shapes using a two-phase approach. In the first step, we redistribute delay slack to generate delay bounds on individual cells using linear programming. In the second phase, which is solved as a quadratic program, we convert these delay bounds to shape tolerances to maximize the process window of each shape. The shape tolerances produced by our methodology can be used within a process-window optical proximity correction (PWOPC) flow to reduce delay errors arising from variations in the lithographic process. Our experiments on 45nm SOI cells using accurate process models show that the use of our shape slack generation in conjunction with PWOPC reduces delay errors from 3.6% to 1.4%, on average, compared to the simplistic way of tolerance band generation.
Investigational Vaccine for<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157: Phase 1 Study of O157 O‐Specific<i>Polysaccharide‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Recombinant Exoprotein A Conjugates in Adults (1998)

Escherichia coli O157 causes severe enteritis and the extraintestinal complication hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Serum IgG against the surface polysaccharide antigen, the O-specific polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), may confer protective immunity by lysing the inocula. In a phase 1 clinical study, three investigational vaccines were studied in 87 healthy adults. The vaccines were prepared by covalently binding E. coli O157 O-specific polysaccharide with Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A. No significant reactions were reported. Most volunteers (81%) responded with a > 4-fold increase in IgG LPS antibodies 1 week after vaccination; all volunteers responded with a > 4-fold rise at 4 weeks and this level was sustained for 26 weeks after injection. All three vaccines elicited high titers of serum bactericidal activity that roughly correlated with the serum IgG and IgM LPS antibody levels. A phase 2 study in young children is planned.
Promising application of monoclonal antibody against chikungunya virus E1-antigen across genotypes in immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests (2020)

Our newly developed CHIKV antigen-detecting RDT demonstrated high levels of sensitivity and lacked cross-reactivity against SINV. These results suggested that our new version of the CHIKV E1-antigen RDT is promising for use in areas in which the Asian and ECSA genotypes of CHIKV circulate. Further validation with large numbers of CHIKV-positive and -negative clinical samples is warranted. (323 words).
Inverse Fourier transform method for characterizing arrayed-waveguide gratings (2003)

A new characterization method of phase and amplitude errors in arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) based on inverse Fourier transformation (IFT) is presented. It overcomes the limitations of previous optical low-coherence methods (OLCs), allowing the characterization of AWGs with any step increment (/spl Delta/L). The method has been successfully used to characterize an AWG with a /spl Delta/L of only 23 μm. A comparison between the results from IFT and OLC methods shows a standard deviation of the phase errors of 2/spl deg/ for an AWG with a /spl Delta/L of 51 μm.
Selective Enzymic Oxidation of Aromatic Methyl Groups to Aldehydes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Enzymic Oxidation of Aromatic Methyl Groups to AldehydesAntje Potthast, Thomas Rosenau, C.-L. Chen, and Josef S. GratzlCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 14, 4320–4321Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00119a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00119a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1545Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Activities, Kinetics and Emission Spectra of Bacterial Luciferase‐Fluorescent Protein Fusion Enzymes (2011)

A new approach to alter bacterial bioluminescence color was developed by fusing Vibrio harveyi luciferase with the coral Discosoma sp. fluorescent protein mOrange, a homolog of the Aequorea green fluorescent protein. Attachment of mOrange to the N- or C-terminus of luciferase α or β subunit, via a 5 or 10 residue linker, produced fully active fusion enzymes. However, only the fusion of mOrange to the N-terminus of luciferase α produced a new 560 nm emission. The differences in emission color by two such fusion enzymes from that of the wild-type luciferase (λ(max) 490 nm) were evident by eye or photographically with the aid of cut-off optical filters. In nonturnover reactions, light decay rates of fusion enzyme remained the same when monitored as the full-spectrum light or at 480 nm (from the luciferase emitter) or 570 nm (from mOrange). No 560 nm emission component was observed with a mixture of luciferase and free mOrange. These findings support that the 560 nm emission by the fusion enzyme was due to bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from luciferase to mOrange. We believe that the same approach could also alter the bacterial bioluminescence color by covalent attachment of other suitable fluorescent proteins or chromophores to luciferase.
Multiple novel astrovirus species in human stool (2009)

Diarrhoea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries where numerous cases remain without identified aetiology. Astroviruses are a recently identified cause of animal gastroenteritis which currently includes two species suspected of causing human diarrhoea. Using pan-astrovirus RT-PCR, we analysed human stool samples from different continents for astrovirus-related RNA sequences. We identified variants of the two known human astrovirus species plus, based on genetic distance criteria, three novel astrovirus species all distantly related to mink and ovine astroviruses, which we provisionally named HMOAstV species A-C. The complete genome of species A displayed all the conserved characteristics of mammalian astroviruses. Each of the now three groups of astroviruses found in human stool (HAstV, AstV-MLB and HMOAstV) were more closely related to animal astroviruses than to each other, indicating that human astroviruses may periodically emerge from zoonotic transmissions. Based on the pathogenic impact of their closest phylogenetic relatives in animals, further investigations of the role of HMOAstV, so far detected in Nigeria, Nepal and Pakistan, in human gastroenteritis are warranted.
Magnetite decorated graphite nanoplatelets as cost effective CO2 adsorbent (2011)

Investigation of cost effective CO2 adsorbent has been a long demanding task in the present scenario of global warming. The present work investigates the high pressure carbon dioxide capture capacity of low cost magnetite decorated functionalized graphite nanoplatelets novel nanocomposite. Graphite nanoplatelets were prepared by acid intercalation followed by thermal exfoliation. Functionalization of graphite nanoplatelets was done by treatment in acidic medium. Magnetite nanoparticles were decorated onto functionalized graphite nanoplatelets surface by a chemical method. Magnetite decorated functionalized graphite nanoplatelets nanocomposite was characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, surface area analysis, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy techniques. The carbon dioxide capture capacity was measured using high pressure Sieverts apparatus. Adsorption capacity was calculated using the gas equation and incorporating van der Waals corrections at three different temperatures (25, 50 and 100 °C). A large enhancement in carbon dioxide uptake capacity of 55%, 80%, and 90% at near 11.5 bar pressure for 100 °C, 50 °C and 25 °C, respectively, was achieved by decorating magnetite nanoparticles onto functionalized graphite nanoplatelet surface.
Generic Efficient Dynamic Proofs of Retrievability (2016)

Together with its great advantages, cloud storage brought many interesting security issues to our attention. Since 2007, with the first efficient storage integrity protocols Proofs of Retrievability (PoR) of Juels and Kaliski, and Provable Data Possession (PDP) of Ateniese et al., many researchers worked on such protocols.
Speech dereverberation based on a recorded handclap (2011)

A semi-blind framework for the suppression of late speech reverberation is presented. The method is based on spectral subtraction and utilizes a simple recorded handclap to estimate the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of late reverberation. A statistical analysis of measured Room Impulse Responses (RIRs) and recorded handclaps demonstrates the sufficiency of the above estimation. Dereverberation results show that the proposed technique achieves significant reverberation suppression at multiple speaker positions in each room without compromising the quality of the estimated signals.
Polymer-Free Electronic-Grade Aligned Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Array (2017)

Conjugated polymers are used commonly to selectively sort semiconducting carbon nanotubes (S-CNTs) from their metallic counterparts in organic solvents. The polymer-wrapped S-CNTs can be easily processed from organic solvents into arrays of CNTs for scalable device fabrication. Though the conjugated polymers are essential for sorting and device fabrication, it is highly desirable to remove them completely as they limit the electronic properties of the device. Here, we use a commercially available polymer, namely, poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(6,6'-(2,2'-bipyridine))] (PFO-BPy), to sort large-diameter S-CNTs with ultrahigh selectivity and fabricate CNT-array-based field effect transistors (FETs) via a floating evaporative self-assembly (FESA) process. We report quantitative removal of the polymer wrapper from the FESA aligned S-CNT arrays using a metal-chelation-assisted polymer removal (McAPR) process. The implementation of this process on FESA films requires the selective thermal degradation of the polymer into oligomers, combined with optimization of the solvent type and temperature of the metal complexation reaction. Resulting S-CNT array FET devices show that the electronic properties of pristine CNT are preserved through this process. Optical microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the quantitative polymer removal. We quantitatively describe the FET devices to analyze the fundamental characteristics of FETs (mobility (μ), on-conductance (G<sub>on</sub>), and contact resistance (2R<sub>c</sub>)) by comparing before and after polymer removal. The ability to completely remove the polymer wrapper in aligned CNT arrays without adversely affecting the device properties opens up applications beyond FETs into photovoltaics and biosensing.
Electro-optical Modulation in Graphene Integrated Photonic Crystal Nanocavities (2013)

We demonstrate high-contrast electro-optic modulation in a graphene integrated photonic crystal nanocavity, providing a modulation depth of more than 10 dB at telecom wavelengths. This work shows the feasibility of high-performance electro-optical modulators in graphene-based nanophotonics.
Add-on plasmonic patch as a universal fluorescence enhancer (2018)

Fluorescence-based techniques are the cornerstone of modern biomedical optics, with applications ranging from bioimaging at various scales (organelle to organism) to detection and quantification of a wide variety of biological species of interest. However, the weakness of the fluorescence signal remains a persistent challenge in meeting the ever-increasing demand to image, detect, and quantify biological species with low abundance. Here, we report a simple and universal method based on a flexible and conformal elastomeric film with adsorbed plasmonic nanostructures, which we term a "plasmonic patch," that provides large (up to 100-fold) and uniform fluorescence enhancement on a variety of surfaces through simple transfer of the plasmonic patch to the surface. We demonstrate the applications of the plasmonic patch in improving the sensitivity and limit of detection (by more than 100 times) of fluorescence-based immunoassays implemented in microtiter plates and in microarray format. The novel fluorescence enhancement approach presented here represents a disease, biomarker, and application agnostic ubiquitously applicable fundamental and enabling technology to immediately improve the sensitivity of existing analytical methodologies in an easy-to-handle and cost-effective manner, without changing the original procedures of the existing techniques.
<i>mosR</i> , a Novel Transcriptional Regulator of Hypoxia and Virulence in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2009)

Latent tuberculosis represents a high-risk burden for one-third of the world population. Previous analysis of murine tuberculosis identified a novel transcriptional regulator encoded by Rv0348 that could control the establishment of persistent tuberculosis. Disruption of the Rv0348 gene from the genome of the virulent H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed a global impact on the transcriptional profiles of 163 genes, including induction of the mammalian cell entry (mce1) operon and the repression of a significant number of genes involved in hypoxia and starvation responses. Nonetheless, gel shift assays did not reveal direct binding between Rv0348 and a set of regulated promoters, suggesting an indirect regulatory role. However, when expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis, the Rv0348 transcripts were significantly responsive to different levels of hypoxia and the encoded protein was shown to regulate genes involved in hypoxia [e.g., Rv3130c (tgs1)] and intracellular survival (e.g., mce1), among other genes. Interestingly, the colonization level of the DeltamosR mutant strain was significantly lower than that of the wild-type strain of M. tuberculosis, suggesting its attenuation in the murine model of tuberculosis. Taken together, our analyses indicated that the Rv0348 gene encodes a novel transcriptional factor that regulates several operons involved in mycobacterial survival, especially during hypoxia; hence, we propose that Rv0348 be renamed mosR for regulator of mycobacterial operons of survival.
Combined Effects of Metal and Ligand Capable of Accepting a Proton or Hydrogen Bond Catalyze Anti-Markovnikov Hydration of Terminal Alkynes (2001)

A binding pocket for water is created in 1 by the imidazolyl phosphane ligands and the Ru<sup>II</sup> center. Compound 1 proves to be an excellent catalyst for a highly selective anti-Markovnikov hydration of terminal alkynes to give aldehydes rather than isomeric ketones under near-neutral conditions (aldehyde-to-ketone ratio up to 1000:1).
Study on cyclic injection gas override in condensate gas reservoir (2018)

Cyclic injection gas override in condensate gas reservoirs for the large density difference between injection gas and condensate gas has been studied, but no relevant mathematical models have been built. In this paper, a mathematical model of cyclic injection gas override in condensate gas reservoir is established, considering density difference between the injected gas and the remaining condensate gas in the formation. The vertical flow ratio and override degree are used to reflect the override law of injected dry gas. Combined with the actual data of Tarim gas condensate reservoir, the parameters of injected dry gas override are calculated and analysed. The results show that the radial pressure rises or falls rapidly and the pressure gradient varies greatly in the near wells. The radial pressure varies slowly and the pressure gradient changes little in the reservoir which is within a certain distance from the wells. In the near injection well, the injected dry gas mainly migrates along the radial direction, and the vertical migration is relatively not obvious. With the distance from the injection well, the vertical flow ratio and override degree of injected dry gas increases, and the vertical flow ratio reaches the maximum in the middle of the injection well and the production well.
Characterization of a Novel Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Antigen from Group B Streptococci That Elicits Protective Immunity (2005)

Group B streptococci (GBS) usually behave as commensal organisms that asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of adults. However, GBS are also pathogens and the leading bacterial cause of life-threatening invasive disease in neonates. While the events leading to transmission and disease in neonates remain unclear, GBS carriage and level of colonization in the mother have been shown to be significant risk factors associated with invasive infection. Surface antigens represent ideal vaccine targets for eliciting antibodies that can act as opsonins and/or inhibit colonization and invasion. Using a genetic screen for exported proteins in GBS, we identified a gene, designated lrrG, that encodes a novel LPXTG anchored surface antigen containing leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs found in bacterial invasins and other members of the LRR protein family. Southern blotting showed that lrrG was present in all GBS strains tested, representing the nine serotypes, and revealed the presence of an lrrG homologue in Streptococcus pyogenes. Recombinant LrrG protein was shown in vitro to adhere to epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as an adhesion factor in GBS. More importantly, immunization with recombinant LrrG elicited a strong immunoglobulin G response in CBA/ca mice and protected against lethal challenge with virulent GBS. The data presented in this report suggest that this conserved protein is a highly promising candidate antigen for use in a GBS vaccine.