gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Massively Parallel Data Processing on Infrastructure as a Service Platforms (2011)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Clouds haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren zu einer vielversprechenden neuen Plattform für massiv-parallele Datenverarbeitung entwickelt. Durch den Wegfall der Notwendigkeit hoher Anfangsinvestitionen bieten Betreiber von IaaS Clouds ihren Kunden die nie dagewesene Möglichkeit, kurzzeitigen Zugriff auf einen hoch skalierbaren Pool von Rechenressourcen zu erhalten und darauf Datenanalyseprogramme in einer Größenordnung auszuführen, die bislang nur großen Internetfirmen und Forschungseinrichtungen vorbehalten war. Trotz der steigenden Popularität dieser Form von verteilten Anwendungen, stammen die aktuellen Datenverarbeitungsframeworks, die die Erstellung und Ausführung dieser großangelegten Aufgaben (Jobs) zur Datenanalyse unterstützen, immernoch aus der Ära der dedizierten, statischen Rechencluster und haben die speziellen Eigenschaften der IaaS Plattformen bislang außer Acht gelassen. Diese Doktorarbeit greift den Entwurf eines parallelen Datenverarbeitungsframeworks vor dem Hintergrund der neuen Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen einer IaaS Cloud neu auf, und zwar mit dem Ziel, die Verarbeitungseffizienz von Jobs auf dieser Plattform sowohl in Hinblick auf die Zeit als auch auf die Kosten zu verbessern. Dabei analysiert die Arbeit, wie ein Framework für parallele Datenverarbeitung die Fähigkeiten einer Cloud zur schnellen Ressourcenbereitstellung nutzen kann und präsentiert daraufhin ein neues Verarbeitungsframework mit dem Namen Nephele, welches diese neuen Möglichkeiten der Cloud explizit ausnutzt. Darüber hinaus werden noch mehrere Ansätze zur Reduzierung des erhöhten Risikos von I/O Flaschenhälsen während der Jobausführung vorgestellt, welches in einer Cloud durch die Verwendung von Hardwarevirtualisierung entsteht. Um ihre Leistungsfähigkeit aufzuzeigen, werden alle Beiträge dieser Doktorarbeit durch zahlreiche praktische Experimente evaluiert und, sofern möglich, mit dem aktuellen Stand der Technik gegenübergestellt.
Type III Phosphodiesterase Plays a Necessary Role in the Growth-Promoting Actions of Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Ha p21<i>ras</i>in<i>Xenopus laevis</i>Oocytes (1991)

Three phosphodiesterase (PDE) type III inhibitors were tested and found to inhibit Xenopus oocyte maturation induced by insulin with apparent IC50 values of 2.2 +/- 0.2 microM Cl-930, 25 +/- 3 microM imazodan (Cl-914), and 786 +/- 237 microM piroximone (MDL 19,205). The same rank order of potencies was observed for inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-induced oocyte maturation, with IC50 values of 5.5 +/- 0.9 microM Cl-930, 54 +/- 4 microM imazodan, and 1190 +/- 395 microM piroximone. Oocyte maturation induced by microinjection of Ha p21ras was also inhibited by pretreatment of oocytes with Cl-930 or imazodan, with IC50 values of 4.3 +/- 1.2 and 59 +/- 4 microM, respectively. Progesterone-induced maturation was not affected by PDE III inhibitor action; and, neither type IV PDE inhibitors (Ro 20, 1724 or rolipram) nor dipyridamole (a type V PDE inhibitor) inhibited cell division induced by IGF-I or microinjected Ha p21ras. In addition, while insulin-stimulated oocyte PDE activity measured in vivo after microinjection of 200 microM [3H] cAMP was inhibited by nonselective and type III-specific drugs (with IC50 values of 4.2 +/- 1.8 microM Cl-930 and 26 +/- 6 microM imazodan), type IV and type V inhibitors did not inhibit hormone-stimulated enzyme activity. This pharmacological evidence demonstrates a necessary role for PDE III in insulin-, IGF-I-, and p21ras-induced meiotic cell division in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Management of distributed measurement over interconnected networks (1988)

A model is described for managing stand-alone network measurement devices distributed over an interconnected network (i.e. a network of networks, or internet). A host anywhere on the internet can act as a controlling device that manages a scattered set of measurement monitors. A protocol based on this model and the service it provides are discussed. The protocol fits in the application layer of the OSI model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of focused ultrasound surgery transducers (1996)

High-intensity focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) has been developed for the extracorporeal treatment of various benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. The system developed at the Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden (ICR/RM) National Health Service (NHS) Trust incorporates a 150 mm focal length focused bowl transducer operated at 1.7 MHz, and is currently undergoing Phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and superficial bladder cancer. However, the application of this transducer is limited by its focal length to a maximum depth of 100 mm, and by power absorption in the skin to a minimum depth of 40 mm. A computer model of acoustic fields, which assumes uniform excitation of the transducer over its entire surface, has previously been published. This has been used both to calculate the intensity in nonattenuating media, and to estimate the absorbed power per unit volume in homogeneous tissues in order to allow determination of the transducer configurations (frequency, focal length, and diameter) necessary for the treatment of both deep (/spl sim/150 mm) and shallow (/spl sim/20 mm) soft tissue tumors. These depths encompass the typical range for human tissues which are likely to be treated. Calculations cover the frequency range 0.5-4.5 MHz, focal lengths from 70 to 200 mm, and transducer diameters from 30 to 190 mm. The results show that appropriate transducers can be designed for the noninvasive treatment of tumors in specific organs.
Polarization diversity DPSK demodulator on the silicon-on-insulator platform with simple fabrication (2013)

We demonstrate a novel polarization diversity differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) demodulator on the SOI platform, which is fabricated in a single lithography and etching step. The polarization diversity DPSK demodulator is based on a novel polarization splitter and rotator, which consists of a tapered waveguide followed by a 2 × 2 multimode interferometer. A lowest insertion loss of 0.5 dB with low polarization dependent loss of 1.6 dB and low polarization dependent extinction ratio smaller than 3 dB are measured for the polarization diversity circuit. Clear eye-diagrams and a finite power penalty of only 3 dB when the input state of polarization is scrambled are obtained for 40 Gbit/s non return-to-zero DPSK (NRZ-DPSK) demodulation.
Modeling Brain Deformations in Alzheimer Disease by Fluid Registration of Serial 3D MR Images (1998)

Serial 3D MR scan pairs (1 year intervals) from nine control subjects and nine Alzheimer disease (AD) patients were matched using an accurate fast fluid algorithm. Subtraction of matched scans indicated near complete cancellation of brain structure; mean cross-correlation coefficients were 0.946 (controls) and 0.933 (AD). In the AD group, regions of expansion and contraction in the deformation field were consistent with the known patterns of tissue loss and expansion of CSF spaces. Fluid registration may permit better localization of structural change.
Transition to SDN is HARMLESS: Hybrid Architecture for Migrating Legacy Ethernet Switches to SDN (2020)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) offers a new way to operate, manage, and deploy communication networks and to overcome many long-standing problems of legacy networking. However, widespread SDN adoption has not occurred yet due to the lack of a viable incremental deployment path and the relatively immature present state of SDN-capable devices on the market. While continuously evolving software switches may alleviate the operational issues of commercial hardware-based SDN offerings, namely lagging standards-compliance, performance regressions, and poor scaling, they fail to match the cost-efficiency and port density. In this paper, we propose HARMLESS, a new SDN switch design that seamlessly adds SDN capability to legacy network gear, by emulating the OpenFlow switch OS in a separate software switch component. This way, HARMLESS enables a quick and easy leap into SDN, combining the rapid innovation and upgrade cycles of software switches with the port density and cost-efficiency of hardware-based appliances into a fully dataplane-transparent and vendor-neutral solution. HARMLESS incurs an order of magnitude smaller initial expenditure for an SDN deployment than existing turnkey vendor SDN solutions while, at the same time, yields matching, or even better, data plane performance for smaller enterprises.
Planar Droplet Sizing for the Characterization of Droplet Clusters in an Industrial Gun‐Type Burner (2003)

Abstract An important problem in spray combustion deals with the existence of dense regions of droplets, called clusters. To understand their formation mechanism, the droplet dynamics and fuel concentration profile are investigated by means of planar laser techniques in an industrial gun‐type burner. The simultaneous measurement of elastic Mie scattering and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) allows the instantaneous measurement of the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), after proper calibration. Using two different CCDs to get the two signals requires a detailed calibration of the CCD response before getting absolute diameters. Pixels are binned 6 by 6 to obtain the final SMD map, this is a compromise between spatial accuracy and noise. Velocity field is measured on both sets of images using standard Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) algorithms. The comparison of cross‐correlation technique with PDA results shows that the velocity measured on the LIF images are close to the velocity based on D 30 , whereas the Mie scattering results are similar to D 20 . On Mie scattering images, regions of high interfacial area forming clusters can be detected. A special tracking scheme is used to characterize their dynamics in terms of velocity and diameters by ensuring that the same volume of fluid is tracked. It is shown that the clusters have a velocity similar to the velocity of droplets with the same diameter as the mean SMD of the cluster. It is also shown that an increase of pressure tends to trigger the appearance of such a group of droplets, due to a smaller diameter of the droplets caused by the increase of pressure discharge. Uncertainties for the different techniques used are discussed.
Integrating Haptics in Web Interfaces: State of the Art and Open Issues (2012)

Several application fields have adopted haptic technologies to provide tactile and force effects to users. Some efforts have attempted to enhance Web application interfaces with haptics. This article examines the current state of the art in this area, highlighting the technology's benefits and pointing out issues with haptics integration.
Positive Shift in Threshold Voltage Induced by CuO and NiO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> Gate in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2017)

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with two kinds of p-type metal-oxide (CuO and NiOx) gates have been fabricated, in which the threshold voltage can be modulated effectively. Especially, the threshold voltage of the device shows a 0.7 V positive shift with a high-quality CuO gate layer. Meanwhile, a high on/off current ratio of ~109, a large saturated drain current of ~1030 mA/mm, and an improved transconductance of 200 mS/mm are also achieved. The pulsed transfer characteristics and output characteristics exhibit small hysteresis and ignorable current collapse, signifying an excellent CuO/AlGaN interface. Therefore, CuO can be used as a potential p-type gate for high-performance GaN-based MIS-HEMTs.
Evaluation of a Crosslinked CMHEC Fracturing Fluid in Stimulation of Fruitland Coal Seams in the San Juan Basin (1994)

Abstract Over the past 10 years, many fracturing techniques and fluids have been utilized in stimulation of coal seams. Everything from straight water to linear gels to crosslinked guar or HPG, foam fracturing fluids, and even acid have been used in an attempt to find the optimum fracturing fluid for coal. None of these techniques appeared to work as well in relatively thick seams as the "collapsing cavity technique." Since most thinner or multi-seam coals are not applicable to collapsing cavity, the authors felt quite strongly that considerable damage was still occurring in the cleat system with conventional fracturing fluids. Additionally, straight water or slick water fracturing fluids simply did not have the proppant transport or the ability to obtain high near wellbore conductivity required for adequate coal seam stimulation. In this paper, the authors present the results of over 60 fracture treatments that have been completed with totally residue free crosslinked CMHEC fracturing fluid. It was felt that the colloidal solids present in broken gel, even with HPG and clay suspending agents used in continuous mix fracturing fluids, may result in damage in the very narrow cleat systems of the coal. Combined with the very clean fracturing fluid, the authors utilized the "forced closure technique," intense quality control and aggressive proppant schedules. The study has the advantage of being interspersed within wells that have been treated with foam, slick water, crosslink gel, straight water and some attempted cavitation techniques. The authors will present production data in evaluating the performance of the totally clean fluid. More than 1.5 years of production history is available.
Improvement of position-sensing characteristics in self-sensing active magnetic bearings (2005)

An improvement technique of position-sensing characteristics in self-sensing active magnetic bearings is proposed. Winding-current interference to the estimated position signal is reduced by a modified signal path. The gain and phase characteristics of the proposed self-sensing method agree well with a reference sensor signal up to over 1 kHz.
A Limited Panel of Immunomarkers Can Reliably Distinguish Between Clear Cell and High-grade Serous Carcinoma of the Ovary (2008)

The distinction of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (CCCs) from high-grade serous carcinomas (HG-SCs) is sometimes a diagnostic challenge. With the recognition that CCCs respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy there are efforts to initiate clinical trials for CCC, making accurate diagnosis critical. The purpose of this study was to test and validate a set of antibodies that could aid in the diagnosis of CCC, using a series of cases from different centers in North America. Using a test set of 133 CCCs, we identified the following markers: Cyclin E, estrogen receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1beta, Ki-67, p21, p53, and Wilms tumor (WT)1 that show significant discrimination from 200 HG-SCs. For validation, these markers were characterized on an independent set of 104 CCCs from 3 other centers. There were no significant differences in expression of these 7 markers between the independent test and validation sets of CCC. Combining all CCC cases (N=237), HNF-1beta showed the highest sensitivity (82.5%) and specificity (95.2%) for CCC, and WT1 for HG-SC (sensitivity: 79.9%, specificity: 97.4%). A diagnostic panel consisting of WT1, ER, and HNF-1beta demonstrated nearly identical performance as a panel using all 7 markers in distinguishing CCCs from HG-SCs, correctly classifying 84% of cases. Three percent of cases were misclassified and 13% carried an uninformative triple negative immunophenotype. CCCs show a distinct, reproducible immunophenotype, compared with HG-SCs, and a panel of 3 immunomarkers can serve as a diagnostic aid in problematic cases.
Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds (2008)

Inorganic molecules (ions) and ligands are classified into diatomic, triatomic, four-atomic, five-atomic, six-atomic, and seven-atomic types, and their normal modes of vibration are illustrated and the corresponding vibrational frequencies are listed for each type. Molecules of other types are grouped into compounds of boron, carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, and the structures and infrared (IR)/Raman spectra of select examples are shown for each group. Group frequency charts including band assignments are shown for phosphorus and sulfur compounds. Other group frequency charts include hydrogen stretching frequencies, halogen stretching frequencies, oxygen stretching and bending frequencies, inorganic ions, and metal complexes containing simple coordinating ligands.


Keywords:

inorganic compounds;
coordination compounds;
diatomic molecules (ligands);
triatomic molecules (ligands);
four-atomic molecules (ligands);
five-atomic molecules (ligands);
six-atomic molecules (ligands);
seven-atomic molecules (ligands);
boron compounds;
carbon compounds;
silicon compounds;
nitrogen compounds;
phosphorus compounds;
sulfur compounds;
group frequency charts
Enhanced patch-antenna performance by suppressing surface waves using photonic-bandgap substrates (1999)

The microstrip patch antenna is a low-profile robust planar structure. A wide range of radiation patterns can be achieved with this type of antenna and, due to the ease of manufacture, is inexpensive compared with other types of antennas. However, patch-antenna designs have some limitations such as restricted bandwidth of operation, low gain, and a potential decrease in radiation efficiency due to surface-wave losses. In this paper, a photonic-bandgap (PBG) substrate for patch antennas is proposed, which minimizes the surface-wave effects. In order to verify the performance of this kind of substrate, a configuration with a thick substrate is analyzed. The PBG patch antenna shows significantly reduced levels of surface modes compared to conventional patch antennas, thus improving the gain and far-field radiation pattern.
Portable wireless multi-sensor microsystems for environmental monitoring. (2000)

This dissertation explores generic multi-parameter sensing systems for portable wireless applications where power, size, and performance are critically important. Using state-of-the-art microelectronic and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technologies, such microsystems are evolving toward packaged volumes of 1cc, power dissipation levels of less than 1mW, communication ranges of 1km, and levels of accuracy and reliability significantly above those of stand-alone devices. A prototype microinstrumentation system was developed to address these goals and identify remaining challenges. The system utilizes an open architecture compatible with a variety of low-bandwidth (<10kHz) transducers and employs a nine-line serial intramodule sensor bus having interrupt capability and permitting both analog and digital data formats. A custom integrated circuit interfaces up to six capacitive sensors to the bus with 1fF resolution. Transducer gain and offset can be adjusted on-line using on-chip RAM. The interface chip accepts base capacitances from 0.15pF to 8pF and provides sensitivities from 0.23 to 73mV/fF. This prototype system employed temperature, pressure, humidity, and acceleration sensors and achieved a size of 10cc, a time-averaged power dissipation of 550muW, and a data transmission range of 50m. Readout circuit interfaces compatible with very high sensor performance at small size and low power were found to be a primary challenge to the continued evolution of such microsystems. These problems were explored through the development of a second-generation interface circuit. This highly-programmable BiCMOS chip can read out five capacitive elements having base capacitances from 16fF to 40pF, can provide sensitivities from 20.8muV/fF to 1mV/fF, and has a resolution of 1fF. The chip includes a temperature sensor offering 0.1°C resolution, a 65b EPROM, and an on-chip charge-pump generating voltages from 8V to 30V to allow sensor self-test using electrostatic actuation. The compensation algorithms and self-test mechanisms explored in this thesis demonstrate a generic approach to microsystem calibration, accuracy, and reliability. The system architecture, power management techniques, sensor bus configuration, and custom circuitry developed address some of the most important remaining challenges for next-generation microsystems and provide a universal prototype for their continued evolution.
Lactone Stabilization is Not a Necessary Feature for Antibody Conjugates of Camptothecins (2018)

Camptothecins exist in a pH-dependent equilibrium between the active, closed lactone and the inactive open-carboxylate forms. Several previous reports underscore the need for lactone stabilization in generating improved camptothecins, and indeed, such designs have been incorporated into antibody-drug conjugates containing this drug. Here, we demonstrate that lactone stabilization is not necessary for camptothecin-based ADC efficacy. We synthesized and evaluated camptothecin SN-38 drug linkers that differed with respect to lactone stability and released SN-38 or the hydrolyzed open-lactone form upon cleavage from the antibody carrier. An α-hydroxy lactone-linked SN-38 drug linker preserved the closed-lactone ring structure, while the phenol-linked version allowed conversion between the closed-lactone and open-carboxylate structures. The in vitro cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy in the L540cy Hodgkin's lymphoma model of the corresponding ADCs were found to be indistinguishable, leading us to conclude that camptothecin-based antibody-drug conjugates possess pronounced activity regardless of the lactone state of the bound drug. This is most likely a result of ADC processing within acidic intracellular vesicles, delivering camptothecin in its active closed-lactone form.
Comparative Study of Unsharp Masking Methods for Image Enhancement (2005)

Contrast enhancement by the unsharp masking (UM) approaches are computationally and conceptually the simplest methods. In this paper, the different methods of UM for image enhancement are compared. These algorithms have been tested and compared for the same conditions. The results show that majority of these algorithms are very sensitive to the enhancement factor and are good for sharpening. This factor must be estimated recursively by considering the statistics of neighboring pixel values.
Role of Zinc Finger Domains of the Transcription Factor Neuron-restrictive Silencer Factor/Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription Factor in DNA Binding and Nuclear Localization (2001)

The transcription factor neuron-restrictive silencer factor/repressor element-1 (RE-1) silencing transcription factor (NRSF/REST) contains nine zinc finger domains and binds to the DNA element, neuron-restrictive silencer element/repressor element-1. REST4, a C-terminally truncated form of NRSF/REST, contains the five N-terminal zinc fingers and binds weakly to DNA yet is transported into the nucleus. To study the contribution of zinc fingers 6-8 to DNA binding, each was mutated. A mutation in zinc finger 6 or 8 had little effect; however, mutation of zinc finger 7 diminished DNA binding. Mutations in any two of these zinc fingers eliminated DNA binding. The contribution of zinc fingers 2-5 to nuclear targeting was studied. Deletion of zinc finger 5 prevented nuclear targeting. Mutations in zinc finger 2, 4, or 5 did not abolish nuclear targeting. However, a zinc finger 3 mutation together with a zinc finger 2 mutation localized to the nuclear envelope. A zinc finger 3 mutation alone or in combination with a zinc finger 4 or 5 mutation produced a punctate nuclear distribution. These results suggest the presence of signals for nuclear targeting, for nuclear entry, and for release from the translocation machinery within zinc fingers 2-5 of REST4.