gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An open‐labelled study of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in the treatment of active Crohn's disease (2005)

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is safe and potentially effective therapy for active Crohn's disease.
PanORAMa: Oblivious RAM with Logarithmic Overhead. (2018)

We present PanORAMa, the first Oblivious RAM construction that achieves communication overhead O(log N log log N) for database of N blocks and for any block size B = Ω(log N) while requiring client memory of only a constant number of memory blocks. Our scheme can be instantiated in the balls and bins model in which Goldreich and Ostrovsky [JACM 96] showed an Ω(log N) lower bound for ORAM communication. Our construction follows the hierarchical approach to ORAM design and relies on two main building blocks of independent interest: a new oblivious hash table construction with improved amortized O(log N + poly(log log λ)) communication overhead for security parameter λ and N = poly(λ), assuming its input is randomly shuffled; and a complementary new oblivious random multi-array shuffle construction, which shuffles N blocks of data with communication O(N log log λ + N log N/log λ) when the input has a certain level of entropy. We combine these two primitives to improve the shuffle time in our hierarchical ORAM construction by avoiding heavy oblivious shuffles and leveraging entropy remaining in the merged levels from previous shuffles. As a result, the amortized shuffle cost is asymptotically the same as the lookup complexity in our construction.
A Functional Genomics Approach for the Identification of Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Allelochemical Sorgoleone (2006)

Several Sorghum species are allelopathic, producing phytotoxins such as sorgoleone and its analogues. Sorgoleone accounts for much of this phytotoxicity, representing up to 90% (w/w) of the content of Sorghum bicolor root exudates. Previous and ongoing studies suggest that the biosynthetic pathway for this compound involves a polyketide synthase activity utilizing atypical long chain fatty acyl-CoA starter units, resulting in the addition of a quinone head via iterative extender unit condensations. An expressed sequence tag (EST) study was performed using random sequences from a Sorghum bicolor root hair-specific cDNA library, and highly expressed candidate sequences representing all of the putative enzyme classes required for the sorgoleone biosynthetic pathway were identified.
Calcium Looping Process (CLP) for Enhanced Noncatalytic Hydrogen Production with Integrated Carbon Dioxide Capture (2010)

The calcium looping process (CLP) is one of the clean coal technologies being developed for the production of hydrogen (H2) and electricity from coal-derived syngas. It integrates the water−gas shift reaction with in situ carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur, and halide removal in a single-stage reactor. In the CLP, a regenerable calcium-based sorbent is used to react with and remove CO2, sulfur, and halide impurities from the synthesis gas during the production of H2. The removal of CO2 creates a favorable equilibrium and drives the water−gas shift reaction forward per Le Chatelier’s principle enabling the production of high-purity H2. In this investigation, the feasibility and optimum process conditions for the production of H2 in the absence of a water−gas shift catalyst have been described. Calcium oxide (CaO) sorbent has been found to enhance H2 yield to a large extent even in the absence of a water−gas shift catalyst. Specifically, at high pressures, high carbon monoxide (CO) conversion and H2 purity (>99%) have been obtained in the absence of a water−gas shift catalyst at near-stoichiometric steam to carbon (S:C) ratios.
Three-phase magnetic field design for low EMI and EMF automated resonant wireless power transfer charger for UAV (2015)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology enables convenient and automatic battery charging for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, in WPT charging systems, strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are inevitably generated and the power source contains a wide range of harmonics. In this paper, we propose an automated resonant wireless power transfer charger for UAV with three-phase magnetic field for electromagnetic interference (EMI) and EMF reduction. The simulation results show that the proposed six-step three-phase resonant WPT system for UAV charging reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the Tx and Rx currents by 14.21% and 7.45%, respectively. The strength of magnetic field from the UAV three-phase resonant WPT charging system also can be reduced compared to the single-phase resonant WPT system.
New Method for the Preparation of Carboxylic Esters (1977)

Abstract Various carboxylic esters including functionalized ones are prepared in good yields from equimolar amounts of free carboxylic acids and alcohols under mild conditions by the use of 2-chloro- or 2-bromopyridinium salt, a new and efficient coupling reagent.
Capturing Handwritten Ink Strokes with a Fast Video Camera (2017)

We present a system for capturing ink strokes written with ordinary pen and paper using a fast camera with a frame rate comparable to a stylus digitizer. From the video frames, ink strokes are extracted and used as input to an online handwriting recognition engine. A key component in our system is a pen up/down detection model for detecting the contact of the pen-tip with the paper in the video frames. The proposed model consists of feature representation with convolutional neural networks and classification with a recurrent neural network. We also use a high speed tracker with kernelized correlation filters to track the pen-tip. For training and evaluation, we collected labeled video data of users writing English and Japanese phrases from public datasets, and we report on character accuracy scores for different frame rates in the two languages.
Easy Strategy To Increase Salt Resistance of Antimicrobial Peptides (2011)

The efficacies of many antimicrobial peptides are greatly reduced under high salt concentrations, limiting their development as pharmaceutical compounds. Here, we describe an easy strategy to increase salt resistance of antimicrobial peptides by replacing tryptophan or histidine residues with the bulky amino acids β-naphthylalanine and β-(4,4'-biphenyl)alanine. The activities of the salt-sensitive peptide P-113 were diminished at high salt concentrations, whereas the activities of its β-naphthylalanine and β-(4,4'-biphenyl)alanine-substituted variant were less affected.
Three-section semiconductor optical amplifier for monitoring of optical gain (1992)

A 1.5- mu m multiquantum well amplifier divided into three sections with short contacts at the input and output facets is described. A simple derivation shows that the amplifier optical gain is proportional to the ratio of voltage changes at the facet contacts induced by the optical signal. Measurements of optical gain and contact voltage as a function of amplifier bias current are in good agreement with the theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular characterization and mapping of<i>ALMT1</i>, the aluminium-tolerance gene of bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.) (2005)

The major aluminum (Al) tolerance gene in wheat ALMT1 confers. An Al-activated efflux of malate from root apices. We determined the genomic structure of the ALMT1 gene and found it consists of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. Sequencing a range of wheat genotypes identified 3 alleles for ALMT1, 1 of which was identical to the ALMT1 gene from an Aegilops tauschii accession. The ALMT1 gene was mapped to chromosome 4DL using 'Chinese Spring' deletion lines, and loss of ALMT1 coincided with the loss of both Al tolerance and Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance in each of 5 different doubled-haploid populations was found to be conditioned by a single major gene. When ALMT1 was polymorphic between the parental lines, QTL and linkage analyses indicated that ALMT1 mapped to chromosome 4DL and cosegregated with Al tolerance. In 2 populations examined, Al tolerance also segregated with a greater capacity for Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance was not associated with a particular coding allele for ALMT1, but was significantly correlated with the relative level of ALMT1 expression. These findings suggest that the Al tolerance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is primarily conditioned by ALMT1.
The Arabidopsis Auxin-Inducible Gene <i>ARGOS</i> Controls Lateral Organ Size (2003)

During plant development, the final size of an organ is regulated and determined by various developmental signals; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these signals are transduced and the mediators involved are largely unknown. Here, we show that ARGOS, a novel Arabidopsis gene that is highly induced by auxin, is involved in organ size control. Transgenic plants expressing sense or antisense ARGOS cDNA display enlarged or reduced aerial organs, respectively. The alteration in organ size is attributable mainly to changes in cell number and the duration of organ growth. Ectopic expression of ARGOS prolongs the expression of AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and CycD3;1 as well as the neoplastic activity of leaf cells. Moreover, organ enlargement in plants overexpressing ARGOS can be blocked by the loss of function of ANT, implying that ARGOS functions upstream of ANT to affect the meristematic competence of organ cells. The induction of ARGOS by auxin is attenuated or abolished in auxin-resistant1 (axr1), and overexpression of ARGOS partially restores axr1 organ development. These results suggest that ARGOS may transduce auxin signals downstream of AXR1 to regulate cell proliferation and organ growth through ANT during organogenesis.
Current-mode subthreshold MOS circuits for analog VLSI neural systems (1991)

An overview of the current-mode approach for designing analog VLSI neural systems in subthreshold CMOS technology is presented. Emphasis is given to design techniques at the device level using the current-controlled current conveyor and the translinear principle. Circuits for associative memory and silicon retina systems are used as examples. The design methodology and how it relates to actual biological microcircuits are discussed.
Pulse Doppler ultrasound detection, characterization and size estimation of emboli in flowing blood (1994)

A theory describing pulse Doppler ultrasound signals due to backscattering due to emboli in flowing blood is presented. From this theory, the minimum detectable size of a formed-element embolus can be established as a function of carrier frequency and vessel size. Emboli can be sized and characterized, based on the ratio of the amplitude of the Doppler signal during embolus passage through the sample volume to background bloodflow Doppler signal when no embolus is present. This ratio is defined as the "embolus to blood ratio" (EBR). Size estimation of emboli can be done by insonating an embolus with a single frequency and measuring the EBR, only if the embolus does not exceed a certain size, and if the vessel diameter and per cent hematocrit are known. Using two different frequencies, the vessel geometry (diameter and sample volume length) and per cent hematocrit can be eliminated from calculation of embolus size. Sources of uncertainty in the EBR and their effect on embolus size estimation are discussed. Discrimination between gas and formed-element emboli is described, given a detector with sufficient dynamic range, and use of three carrier frequencies. The theory presented here is in agreement with experimental findings of other investigators.
Short-Term Therapy with Luliconazole, a Novel Topical Antifungal Imidazole, in Guinea Pig Models of Tinea Corporis and Tinea Pedis (2012)

Luliconazole is a novel topical antifungal imidazole with broad-spectrum and potent antifungal activity. The drug is under clinical development in the United States for management of dermatophytosis with a short-term treatment regimen. The present study was undertaken to investigate the clinical benefit of short-term therapy with luliconazole cream in guinea pig models of tinea corporis and tinea pedis induced with Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The dose-dependent therapeutic efficacy of topical luliconazole cream (0.02 to 1%), measured by macroscopic improvement of skin lesions and by fungal eradication as determined by a culture assay, was demonstrated using a tinea corporis model. The improvement in skin lesions seen with luliconazole cream was observed even at a concentration of 0.02%, and its efficacy at 0.1% was equal to that of 1% bifonazole cream. The efficacy of short-term therapy with 1% luliconazole cream, which is used for clinical management, was investigated using the tinea corporis model (4- and 8-day treatment regimens) and the tinea pedis model (7- and 14-day treatment regimens). The 1% luliconazole cream completely eradicated the fungus in half or less of the treatment time required for 1% terbinafine cream and 1% bifonazole cream, as determined by a culture assay for both models. These results clearly indicate that 1% luliconazole cream is sufficiently potent for short-term treatment for dermatophytosis compared to existing drugs. Luliconazole is expected to be useful in the clinical management of dermatophytosis.
Designing Self-Healing Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Exceptional Mechanical Durability (2017)

The past decade saw a drastic increase in the understanding and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs). Water beads up and effortlessly rolls off a SHS due to its combination of low surface energy and texture. Whether being used for drag reduction, stain repellency, self-cleaning, fog harvesting, or heat transfer applications (to name a few), the durability of a SHS is critically important. Although a handful of purportedly durable SHSs have been reported, there are still no criteria available for systematically designing a durable SHS. In the first part of this work, we discuss two new design parameters that can be used to develop mechanically durable SHSs via the spray coating of different binders and fillers. These parameters aid in the rational selection of material components and allow one to predict the capillary resistance to wetting of any SHS from a simple topographical analysis. We show that not all combinations of sprayable components generate SHSs, and mechanically durable components do not necessarily generate mechanically durable SHSs. Moreover, even the most durable SHSs can eventually become damaged. In the second part, utilizing our new parameters, we design and fabricate physically and chemically self-healing SHSs. The most promising surface is fabricated from a fluorinated polyurethane elastomer (FPU) and the extremely hydrophobic small molecule 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS). A sprayed FPU/F-POSS surface can recover its superhydrophobicity even after being abraded, scratched, burned, plasma-cleaned, flattened, sonicated, and chemically attacked.
Postmatching Doherty Power Amplifier With Extended Back-Off Range Based on Self-Generated Harmonic Injection (2018)

In this paper, an asymmetric drain biased postmatching Doherty power amplifier (DPA) using harmonic injection is proposed for further back-off extension. The injected harmonic components are generated by the two active devices. Aided by the proposed harmonic injection network, drain waveform amplitude modulation for both devices can be achieved at saturation, which results in enhanced saturated power for both carrier and peaking devices, while carrier back-off power remains unchanged. As a consequence, the back-off region is extended. Moreover, the power utilization factor of the asymmetric drain biased DPA is also improved. A DPA for wideband code-division multiple access systems was designed and fabricated based on commercially available gallium nitride HEMT (Cree CGH 40010F) devices to validate the proposed technique. Measured results of the proposed DPA demonstrated that operation at 10-dB back off is possible between 1.6 and 1.9 GHz, with efficiency better than 46%.
Predicting performance in the presence of software and hardware resource bottlenecks (2014)

Scalability of a multi-tier enterprise system is limited by the presence of software and hardware resource bottlenecks. These bottlenecks typically occur at larger number of users. It would help enterprise applications significantly if these bottlenecks are known a-priori during the performance testing itself. This paper deals with predicting the performance of such systems and models an application in terms of a two layer queuing network consisting of software resources and hardware resources. The software modules which require exclusive access by a thread are modeled as a queuing resource and other modules are treated as delay resources in the software queuing network. This network in turn uses a hardware queuing network consisting of resources such as CPU, disk and network. The proposed solution is augmented with additional constraints to ensure that the solution converges at a large number of users. Further, the proposed solution is capable of modeling multi-class requests with critical section and pooling of resources e.g., connection pool or thread pool. We validate the proposed solution with actual experimental results using sample programs and observe that the model is able to predict throughput and resource utilization with close to 90% accuracy.
Application of Chlorine-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond at Low Temperatures (1994)

Low temperature deposition of diamond has been achieved by a chlorine-assisted diamond chemical vapor deposition (CA-CVD) process. This method begins with the thermal dissociation of molecular chlorine into atomic chlorine in a resistively heated graphite furnace at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 deg. C. The atomic chlorine, upon mixing, subsequently reacts with molecular hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The rapid exchange reactions between the atomic chlorine, molecular hydrogen, and hydrocarbons give rise to the atomic hydrogen and carbon precursors required for diamond deposition. Homoepitaxial diamond growth on diamond substrates has been studied over the substrate temperature range of 100-950 C. It was found that the diamond growth rates are approximately 0.2 microns/hr in the temperature range between 102 and 300 C and that the growth rates do not decrease significantly with a decrease in substrate temperature. This is unique because the traditional diamond deposition using H2/CH4 systems usually disappears at substrate temperatures below approx. 500 deg. C. This opens up a possible route to the deposition of diamond on low-melting point materials such as aluminum and its alloys.
Superhydrophobic Microporous Substrates via Photocuring: Coupling Optical Pattern Formation to Phase Separation for Process-Tunable Pore Architectures (2018)

We present a new approach to synthesize microporous surfaces through the combination of photopolymerization-induced phase separation and light pattern formation in photopolymer-solvent mixtures. The mixtures are irradiated with a wide-area light pattern consisting of high and low intensity regions. This light pattern undergoes self-focusing and filamentation, thereby preserving its spatial profile through the mixture. Over the course of irradiation, the mixture undergoes phase separation, with the polymer and solvent located in the bright and dark regions of the light profile, respectively, to produce a binary phase morphology with a congruent arrangement as the optical pattern. A congruently arranged microporous structure is attained upon solvent removal. The microporous surface structure can be varied by changing the irradiating light profile via photomask design. The porous architecture can be further tuned through the relative weight fractions of photopolymer and solvent in the mixture, resulting in porosities ranging from those with discrete and uniform pore sizes to hierarchical pore distributions. All surfaces become superhydrophobic (water contact angles >150°) when spray-coated with a thin layer of polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles. The water contact angles can be enhanced by changing the surface porosity via the processing conditions. This is a scalable and tunable approach to precisely control microporous surface structure in thin films to create functional surfaces and antiwetting coatings.
DEVELOPING A PROGRAM IN INTELLIGENT VEHICLE-HIGHWAY SYSTEMS IN NORTH AMERICA (1989)

The focus of this paper is on the renewed movement in North America for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) activities. Attention is drawn to cooperation between private and public sectors to work cooperatively in IVHS development and the unique role of universities in North America to facilitate such cooperation. The author's comments are drawn mainly from his experience in developing coherent activities in IVHS at the University of Michigan.
Four dimensional volume holographic imaging (2004)

We present the use of volume holograms as depth-selective lenses with white light illumination. It demonstrated a spectral imaging with <250μm depth resolution over ≈15° field of view, with angular selectivity <0.6 mrad.
Oversampling Sigma-Delta Modulator Stabilized by Sub-Bit Nonlinear Feedback Loop Technique (2006)

Based on the former "Local Nonlinear Feedback Loop (LNFL)" technique for stabilization of oversampling Sigma-Delta Modulator (SDM), an improved technique called "Sub-bit Nonlinear Feedback Loop (SNFL)" is proposed to further raise the stability. The SNFL technique not only avoids the instability limitation of high-order SDM without SNR degradation like the former LNFL technique, but also suppresses the output swing range of the critical integrator more effectively than the former LNFL technique. This is because the stabilization scheme of the SNFL technique can achieve to restrict the key signal within sub-bit swing range (- \Delta /4, \Delta/4) or less, while the LNFL technique only can restrict the key signal within integer-bit swing range (- \Delta /2, \Delta/2). The simulation verifies that both stability and dynamic range of SDM is improved by the proposed SNFL technique more than by the former LNFL technique.
Photonic Multilayer Sensors from Photo‐Crosslinkable Polymer Films (2012)

Colorimetric temperature sensors are prepared from photo-crosslinkable polymers by sequentially spin-coating and crosslinking alternating layers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(para-methyl styrene). Layer thicknesses and copolymer chemistries are chosen to provide robust colorimetric temperature sensors that cover nearly the full visible spectrum.
Interconnects for nanoelectronics (2005)

In the nanoelectronics era with ever smaller devices and higher densities, there are challenges of signal transmission and information communications via interconnects. We examine the interconnect issues for both charge-based and spin-based information systems. For charge-based systems, since there are substantial activities in optical interconnect, this paper focuses on other concepts and approaches. Self-assembled molecular wires, carbon nanotubes/nanowires and virus engineered metallic wires can be used for interconnects. The use of new nano-architectures such as cellular automata, which use mostly nearest neighbors, make the use of self-assembled interconnects even more attractive. These techniques may be applied readily to molecular devices. Spin-based devices offer a new opportunity for low power, high functional throughput applications. We analyze the use of spin waves for information transmission buses referred to as spin wave bus. By introducing these novel circuits built on the spin-based devices and spin wave interconnect, we anticipate enhanced logic functionality. The challenges and issues are discussed.