gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Could changes in the ultrasound image of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall be seen as a sign of muscle activity? A narrative review (2017)

Aim. Currently, ultrasonography (USG) is used to study changes occurring in the lateral abdominal wall muscles (LAM). Here, the question that naturally arises is whether a change in the thickness of the ultrasound image can be identified with a change in muscle activity. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to: 1) undertake an analysis of available publications exploring the relationship between electromyography (EMG) and USG; 2) define the USG measurement of each LAM; 3) identify gaps in the literature. Material and methods. The databases MEDLINE, POL-index and Google Scholar were used to search the literature. We used a combination of terms (in Polish and English) containing the abbreviated and full names of the following expressions: ultrasound, electromyography and external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, or transverse abdominal muscle. Results. Nine publications fulfilled the conditions for inclusion in the analysis. These used different methodologies and test conditions, making it difficult to interpret the results of individual works. The majority demonstrated poor or no correlation between EMG and USG measurements. Conclusion. Changes in the thickness of the LAM using USG should not be equated with a change in muscle activity. To avoid misinterpretation, one should avoid the term “muscle activity” in evaluating changes in the thickness of the LAM. It is recommended that the terms “thickness change” or “morphological change” be used in the assessment of this phenomenon, which is closely related to real changes in USG imaging, expressing a more complex phenomenon than a mere change in bioelectrical potential.
Purification of chondroitin precursor from <i>Escherichia coli</i> K4 fermentation broth using membrane processing (2011)

Recently the possibility of producing the capsular polysaccharide K4, a fructosylated chondroitin, in fed-batch experiments was assessed. In the present study, a novel downstream process to obtain chondroitin from Escherichia coli K4 fermentation broth was developed. The process is simple, scalable and economical. In particular, downstream procedures were optimized with a particular aim of purifying a product suitable for further chemical modifications, in an attempt to develop a biotechnological platform for chondroitin sulfate production. During process development, membrane devices (ultrafiltration/diafiltration) were exploited, selecting the right cassette cut-offs for different phases of purification. The operational conditions (cross-flow rate and transmembrane pressure) used for the process were determined on an ÄKTA cross-flow instrument (GE Healthcare, USA), a lab-scale automatic tangential flow filtration system. In addition, parameters such as selectivity and throughput were calculated based on the analytical quantification of K4 and defructosylated K4, as well as the major contaminants. The complete downstream procedure yielded about 75% chondroitin with a purity higher than 90%.
Leveraging stereo matching with learning-based confidence measures (2015)

We propose a new approach to associate supervised learning-based confidence prediction with the stereo matching problem. First of all, we analyze the characteristics of various confidence measures in the regression forest framework to select effective confidence measures using training data. We then train regression forests again to predict the correctness (confidence) of a match by using selected confidence measures. In addition, we present a confidence-based matching cost modulation scheme based on the predicted correctness for improving the robustness and accuracy of various stereo matching algorithms. We apply the proposed scheme to the semi-global matching algorithm to make it robust under unexpected difficulties that can occur in outdoor environments. We verify the proposed confidence measure selection and cost modulation methods through extensive experimentation with various aspects using KITTI and challenging outdoor datasets.
Breast ultrasound tomography with total-variation regularization (2009)

Breast ultrasound tomography is a rapidly developing imaging modality that that has the potential to impact breast cancer screening and diagnosis. A new ultrasound breast imaging device (CURE) with a ring array of transducers has been designed and built at Karmanos Cancer Institute, which acquires both reflection and transmission ultrasound signals. To extract the sound-speed information from the breast data acquired by CURE, we have developed an iterative sound-speed image reconstruction algorithm for breast ultrasound transmission tomography based on total-variation (TV) minimization. We investigate applicability of the TV tomography algorithm using in vivo ultrasound breast data from 61 patients, and compare the results with those obtained using the Tikhonov regularization method. We demonstrate that, compared to the Tikhonov regularization scheme, the TV regularization method significantly improves image quality, resulting in sound-speed tomography images with sharp (preserved) edges of abnormalities and few artifacts.
Application Development: Fly to the Clouds or Stay In-house? (2010)

Cloud computing is a recent trend in IT that moves computing and data away from desktop and portable PCs into large data centers, and outsources the “applications” (hardware and software) as services over the Internet. Cloud computing promises to increase the velocity with which applications are deployed, increase innovation, and lower costs, all while increasing business agility. But, is the migration to the Cloud the most profitable option for every business? This article presents a study of the basic parameters for estimating the potential costs deriving from building and deploying applications on cloud and on-premise assets.
A Hybrid Algorithm With Artifact Detection Mechanism for Region Filling After Object Removal From a Digital Photograph (2007)

This work aims to develop a novel function of the digital camera, i.e., region-filling after object removal from a digital photograph. This problem is defined as how to "guess" the Lacuna region after removal of an object by replicating a part from the remainder of the whole image with visually plausible quality. We propose a hybrid region-filling algorithm composed of a texture synthesis technique and an efficient interpolation method with a refinement approach: 1) the "subpatch texture synthesis technique" can synthesize the Lacuna region with significant accuracy; 2) the "weighted interpolation method" is applied to reduce computaion time; and 3) the "artifact detection mechanism" integrates the Kirsch edge detector and color ratio gradients to detect the artifact blocks in the filled region after the first pass of filling the Lacuna region when the result may not be satisfactory. This can lead to resynthesizing the artifact blocks without user intervention and can be compliant to the unsuccessful results of other algorithms. In the procedure of region-filling, color texture distribution analysis is used to choose whether the subpatch texture synthesis technique or the weighted interpolation method should be applied. In the subpatch texture synthesis technique, the actual pixel values of the Lacuna region are synthesized by adaptively sampling from the source region. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve a better performance than previous methods. Particularly, the regular computation of our proposed algorithm is more suitable for implementation of the hardware in a digital camera.
<i>Introduction</i> <i>to</i> <i>Electrodynamics</i> (1981)

First Page
Free space microwave focusing by a negative-index gradient lens (2006)

Metamaterial structures designed to have simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability are known as left-handed materials. Their complexity and our understanding of their properties have advanced rapidly to the point where direct applications are now viable. We present a radial gradient-index (GRIN) lens with an index-of-refraction ranging from -2.67(edge) to -0.97(center). Experimentally, we find the lens can produce field intensities at the focus that are greater than that of the incident plane wave. These results are obtained at 10.45 GHz and in excellent agreement with full-wave simulations. This lens is a demonstrate an newly pioneered advanced fabrication technique using conventional printed circuit board (PCB) technology which offers significant design, mechanical, and cost advantages over other microwave lens constructions.
Sec-ALG: An Open-source Application Layer Gateway for Secure Access to Private Networks (2020)

Middleboxes such as Network Address Translators (NATs), proxy servers or Application Layer Gateways (ALGs) provide remote access to end-hosts in the private address space. The middleboxes offer proprietary solutions and encrypted traffic poses a challenge when middleboxes employ packet payload inspection techniques for connection establishment. Session key sharing and decryption followed by re-encryption of the traffic, for correctly routing to the private host, increases the connection latency and also poses a higher threat in case of traffic interception by a malicious third-party. In this paper, we present a novel open-source ALG, called Sec-ALG, for providing secure end-to-end communication to the web servers situated in the private address space. Sec-ALG relies on the technique of light Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) for protocol detection and session establishment using a novel parser-lexer generator called YaLe. The proposed approach offers increased security by maintaining end-to-end encryption for an HTTPS connection. Our experimental analysis demonstrates that Sec-ALG reduces the HTTPS connection latency in comparison to the NGINX reverse proxy using a 24-core host machine. Moreover, Sec-ALG handles requests at a three-fold increased rate than NGINX proxy when tested with 100 concurrent connections. The ALG can be used either as a standalone solution or a component of the Realm Gateway, that is a generic interworking solution between public and private networks. The presented work is part of an extensive ongoing research at Aalto University focusing on embedding policy based trust into the network.
Application and effects of microfiltration in the dairy industry (2004)

The latest developments of “cross-flow” microfiltration in the dairy industry are presented in this paper. Combination of uniform transmembrane pressure, different types of microfiltrate recirculation and pore size of new ceramic membranes can result with separation of milk particles bigger then whey proteins. Pretreatment of milk by microfiltration gives 3-5 times longer shelf life with flavor similar to raw milk. It is possible to remove pathogenic bacteria and spores from milk and whey using microfiltration resulting with product of excellent hygienic properties. With adequate membrane and optimum process parameters microfiltration can be used for purification of whey and brine, separation of somatic cells from raw milk, separation of bigger fat globules, fractionation of milk proteins or whey proteins and enrichment of milk with micellar casein in cheese production. Microfiltration is one of the most significant steps in production of casein powder. Therefore, by using products gained from both sides of microfiltration membrane (retentat/permeat) dairy industry can enhance yield and quality and create new dairy products.
A Family of Cyclin D Homologs from Plants Differentially Controlled by Growth Regulators and Containing the Conserved Retinoblastoma Protein Interaction Motif (1995)

Rajeev Soni, Jeremy P. Carmichael, Zahid H. Shah, James A. H. Murray, A Family of Cyclin D Homologs from Plants Differentially Controlled by Growth Regulators and Containing the Conserved Retinoblastoma Protein Interaction Motif, The Plant Cell, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Jan., 1995), pp. 85-103
Modeling the Variability of Shapes of a Human Placenta (2020)

Placentas are generally round-oval in shape, but “irregular” shapes are common. In the Collaborative Perinatal Project data, irregular shapes were associated with lower birth weight for placental weight, suggesting variably shaped placentas have altered function.
Design and Development of Software Solution to Improve Google Drive Shared Folders (2015)

The purpose of this thesis was to design and develop a piece of software to improve Google Drive shared folders in organizational use. The main reason why the topic was chosen, is that organizations that use Google Drive as a centralized data storage are especially vulnerable to a potentially vast amount of work in case of an accidental deletion of items.\n\nThe thesis proposes the design and development of software which monitors shared folders and sets file ownerships to one centralized user to allow an easy way to restore files to a shared folder which is monitored.\n\nThe software was designed and developed in the agile development method, which allowed and encouraged the requirement specification to change during the development phase.\n\nA finished product was designed, developed and tested in a timeframe of nine months, and the software is in active pilot use on 11 shared folders of various organizations.
Critical role of the CD40–CD40-ligand pathway in regulating mucosal inflammation-driven angiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease (2007)

The CD40-CD40L pathway appears to be crucially involved in regulating inflammation-driven angiogenesis, suggesting that strategies aimed at blocking CD40-CD40L interactions might be beneficial in acute and chronic intestinal injury.
New passive polarization converter on glass substrate (1998)

We report on a new design and realization of highly efficient passive polarization converters made by K/sup +/-Na/sup +/ ion-exchange on glass substrate. The converter principle is based on periodic application of integrated asymmetric ion-exchanged stress segments. Polarization conversion up to 99% at low excess losses of less than 0.4 dB has been achieved. The converters combine the advantages of a highly efficient optical performance with a very simple realization.
Data analysis for a rotating quarter-wave, far-infrared Stokes polarimeter (2007)

Data analysis techniques are reviewed and extended for the measurement of the Stokes vector of partially or completely polarized radiation by the rotating quarter-wave method. It is shown that the conventional technique, based on the Fourier analysis of the recorded signal, can be efficiently replaced by a weighted least-squares best fit, so that the different accuracy of the measured data can be taken into account to calculate the measurement errors of the Stokes vector elements. Measurement errors for the polarization index P and for the azimuth and ellipticity angles psi and chi of the radiation are also calculated by propagation error theory. For those cases in which the above technique gives a nonphysical Stokes vector (i.e., with a polarization degree of P>1) a constrained least-squares best fit is introduced, and it is shown that in this way a Stokes vector with P = 1 (rather than P<or=1) is always obtained. In addition an analysis technique useful to remove from the measured data systematic errors due to initial misalignment of the rotating quarter-wave axis is described. Examples of experimental Stokes vectors obtained by the above techniques during the characterization of components for a far-infrared polarimeter at lambda=118.8 microm for applications in plasma diagnostics are presented and discussed. Finally the problem of the experimental determination of physically consistent Mueller matrices (i.e., of Mueller matrices for which the transformed Stokes vector has always P<or=1) is discussed, and it is shown that for simple Mueller matrices of the ABCD type, whose elements can be determined by the measurement of a single Stokes vector, the imposed P<or=1 constraint gives a sufficient condition for physical consistency. On the other hand, the same constraint, when imposed to the set of four basic Stokes vectors conventionally measured for the determination of a full 16-element Mueller matrix, gives only a necessary but not a sufficient condition.
Mitochondrial DNA content in embryo culture medium is significantly associated with human embryo fragmentation (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01397136.
A mutant of Neurospora crassa deficient in cytochrome c heme lyase activity cannot import cytochrome c into mitochondria. (1988)

The nuclear cyt-2-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa is characterized by a gross deficiency of cytochrome c (Bertrand, H., and Collins, R. A. (1978) Mol. Gen. Genet. 166, 1-13). The mutant produces mRNA that can be translated into apocytochrome c in vitro. Apocytochrome c is also synthesized in vivo in cyt-2-1, but it is rapidly degraded and thus does not accumulate in the cytosol. Mitochondria from wild-type cells bind apocytochrome c made in vitro from either wild-type or cyt-2-1 mRNA and convert it to holocytochrome c. This conversion depends on the addition of heme by cytochrome c heme lyase and is coupled to translocation of cytochrome c into the intermembrane space. Mitochondria from the cyt-2-1 strain are deficient in the ability to bind apocytochrome c. They are also completely devoid of cytochrome c heme lyase activity. These defects explain the inability of the cyt-2-1 mutant to convert apocytochrome c to the holo form and to import it into mitochondria.
Autonomous dynamic spectrum management for coexistence of multiple cognitive tactical radio networks (2010)

In this paper, dynamic spectrum management is studied for multiple cognitive tactical radio networks coexisting in the same area. A tactical radio network is composed of a transmitter which broadcasts the same information to its multiple receivers. First, we consider the problem of power minimizatio
Particle Replication in Non-wetting Templates: a Platform for Engineering Shape- and Size-specific Janus Particles (2012)

Because of their unique anisotropic characteristics, Janus particles have been assessed as attractive building blocks for self-assembly with desirable supramolecular architectures, leading to the creation of novel functional materials.1–5 Janus particles with tunable chemistry and physical propertie...
Performance Analysis of DPSK Optical Communication for LEO-to-Ground Relay Link Via a GEO Satellite (2020)

Satellite optical communication has gained significant attention owing to its many quality features (e.g., a larger bandwidth, license free spectrum, higher data rate, and better security) compared to satellite microwave communication. Various experiments have been performed during many space missions to demonstrate and characterize inter-satellite links, downlinks, and uplinks. Korea has also planned to establish an experimental communication system using a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite and the Geochang station as an optical ground station for low Earth orbit (LEO)-to-ground optical relay links. In this study, the performance of inter-satellite communication links and downlinks was investigated for the new Korean experimental communication system in terms of link margin, bit error rate (BER), and channel capacity. In particular, the performance of the inter-satellite links was analyzed based on the receiving apertures and the transmitting power, while that of the downlink was analyzed in terms of atmospheric turbulence conditions and transmitting power. Finally, we discussed two system parameters of receiving aperture and transmitting power to meet the three criteria of link margin, BER, and channel capacity.
R+WFQ: a novel SLA-supported packet fair queueing algorithm for OLT scheduler (2005)

To implement both fairness and priority scheduling in OLT scheduler, this paper proposes a SLA-supported packet fair queueing algorithm named R+WFQ. It employs WFQ discipline to serve high-priority sessions and Round Robin discipline to transmit low-priority sessions in free moments existed in traditional WFQ. Computer simulation results as well as theoretic analysis show that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance in terms of the implementation complexity, fairness and delay properties.
Self-Similar Ring Shaped Watermark Embedding In 2-D Dft Domain (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Do neutralizing antibody responses generated by human papillomavirus infections favor a better outcome of low‐grade cervical lesions? (2012)

To determine the role of neutralizing antibody generated by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, baseline levels of serum neutralizing antibodies directed against HPV 16 and cervical HPV DNA were determined in 242 unvaccinated women with low-grade cervical abnormalities, who were then monitored by cytology and colposcopy every 4 months. In women infected with HPV 16 (n = 42), abnormal cytology persisted longer in those positive for HPV 16-specific neutralizing antibodies at baseline (median time to cytological regression: 23.8 vs. 7.2 months). Progression to cervical precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3) within 5 years occurred only among women carrying HPV 16-specific neutralizing antibodies (P = 0.03, log-rank test). In women infected with types other than HPV 16 (n = 200), detection of HPV 16-specific neutralizing antibodies was not correlated with disease outcome. In conclusion, development of specific neutralizing antibodies following natural HPV 16 infection did not favor a better outcome of low-grade cervical lesions induced by HPV 16 or by other types; rather, detection of neutralizing antibodies generated by current infection may reflect viral persistence and thus help identify those who are at high risk of disease progression.
Data access optimization in a processing-in-memory system (2015)

The Active Memory Cube (AMC) system is a novel heterogeneous computing system concept designed to provide high performance and power-efficiency across a range of applications. The AMC architecture includes general-purpose host processors and specially designed in-memory processors (processing lanes) that would be integrated in a logic layer within 3D DRAM memory. The processing lanes have large vector register files but no power-hungry caches or local memory buffers. Performance depends on how well the resulting higher effective memory latency within the AMC can be managed. In this paper, we describe a combination of programming language features, compiler techniques, operating system interfaces, and hardware design that can effectively hide memory latency for the processing lanes in an AMC system. We present experimental data to show how this approach improves the performance of a set of representative benchmarks important in high performance computing applications. As a result, we are able to achieve high performance together with power efficiency using the AMC architecture.