gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrroline Chromophores for Electro-Optics (2006)

We have synthesized a new class of highly efficient nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores based on the novel tricyanopyrroline (TCP) electron acceptor. Molecular linear and nonlinear optical properties of the prototypical chromophores were measured and calculated to understand structure−property relationships. One such chromophore showed molecular first hyperpolarizability (β) of (8700 ± 702) × 10-30 esu at excitation wavelengths of 1.9 μm, and another showed macroscopic electro-optic (EO) coefficients (r33) of 51 pm/V at 1.55 μm with 20 wt % chromophore loading when poled with 65 V/μm in amorphous polycarbonate film. Synthetic strategies for extending the utility of the acceptor and chromophores are discussed.
Inversion of the Intracellular Na <sup>+</sup> /K <sup>+</sup> Ratio Blocks Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Induction of RNA Synthesis (2000)

This study examines the involvement of RNA and protein synthesis in the modulation of apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by intracellular monovalent cations. In VSMC transfected with E1A adenovirus (VSMC-E1A), inversion of the [Na(+)](i)/[K(+)](i) ratio by an inhibitor of the Na(+),K(+) pump, ouabain, prevented the development of apoptosis triggered by serum withdrawal. Inhibition of apoptosis by ouabain was abolished by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide, respectively. In VSMC-E1A, incubation with ouabain for 4 and 24 hours augmented RNA synthesis by 20% to 50% and 3-fold to 4-fold, respectively. In quiescent VSMC, the effect of ouabain and serum on RNA synthesis was additive. Ouabain did not affect the level of phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAP kinases and blocked apoptosis independent of the presence of the MAPK kinase inhibitors PD98059 and SB 202190. Equimolar substitution of NaCl with KCl in the incubation medium abolished the effect of ouabain on intracellular Na(+) and K(+) concentration, apoptosis, and RNA synthesis. Thus, our results demonstrate that the antiapoptotic effect of the inverted [Na(+)](i)/[K(+)](i) ratio is mediated by MAPK-independent induction of de novo synthesis of RNA species encoding inhibitor(s) of programmed cell death.
Tissue erosion using millisecond boiling in high-intensity focused ultrasound fields. (2010)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducers can be operated at high-pressure amplitudes of greater than 60 MPa and low-duty cycles of 1% or less to induce controlled bubble activity that fractionates tissue. The goal of this work was to investigate fractionation not from mechanically induced cavitation but from thermally induced boiling created by HIFU shock waves. Experiments were performed using a 2-MHz HIFU source. The focus was placed in ex vivo bovine heart and liver samples. Cavitation and boiling were monitored during exposures using a high-voltage probe in parallel with the HIFU source and with an ultrasound imaging system. Various exposure protocols were performed in which the time-averaged intensity and total energy delivered were maintained constant. The types of lesions induced in tissue ranged from purely thermal to purely mechanical depending on the pulsing protocol used. A pulsing protocol in which the pulse length was on the order of the time to boil (of only several milliseconds) and duty cycle was low (&lt;1%) was found to be a highly repeatable method for inducing mechanical effects with little evidence of thermal damage, as confirmed by histology. [Work supported by NIH EB007643, NSBRI SMST01601, and RFBR 09-02-01530.]
Phase change material programmable vias for switching and reconfiguration of Aluminum Nitride piezoelectric MEMS resonators (2014)

This paper reports on the first demonstration of an innovative approach to switching and reconfiguration of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) resonators using phase change material (PCM) programmable vias. A reconfigurable resonator prototype was fabricated by integrating 2 Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> Te <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> vias in the design of a 200 MHz contour-extensional mode resonator. The capability to reconfigure the device to operate in 3 different states, maintaining constant electromechanical performance (resonator figure of merit, FOM=k <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ·Q≈7) was demonstrated: (1) High Impedance state (resonator static capacitance, C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ≈660 fF, motional resistance, R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> ≈225 Ω), (2) Low Impedance state (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ≈1409 fF; R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> ≈90 Ω), and (3) Short state (the resonator is reconfigured into a short circuit).
Paper-Based Lithium Magnesium Oxide Battery (2013)

Replacing of metal current collectors with flexible materials has great potentials of improving flexibility, weight, and applications of Li-ion batteries. This paper presents fabrication and experimental results of lithium magnesium oxide (LiMn2O4) battery using conductive paper current collectors. A thin layer of LiMn2O4 was coated on paper current collectors using air-spray method, and half-cell devices were fabricated. Experimental capacity of 130 mAh/g is reported. The porous structure of cellulous fibers in the current collector improves the adhesion of electrode materials on the substrate, which provides higher flexibility and lighter weight.
Applications of Bragg gratings written in etched fibres (1995)

In the recent years a large number of techniques have been developed to produce linearly chirped Bragg gratings. A novel technique based on tapering the fiber cladding in an etching bath has been recently reported, the variation of the fiber cross section results in a variation of the strain along the grating when the fiber is under tension, this strain gradient is used to chirp the grating. This technique has several advantages: apart from a good controllability resulting in high quality chirped gratings, it does not require active control, and it is highly versatile in producing a variety of chirp profiles. In this paper we report on the resultant chirp structures and applications from the versatility of this technique.
A Robust No-Reference, No-Parameter, Transform Domain Image Quality Metric for Evaluating the Quality of Color Images (2018)

In autonomous imaging and video systems, data measurements can be extracted based on the presence or absence of system specific attributes of interest. These measurements may then be used to make critical system decisions. Therefore, it is imperative that the quality of the image used for extracting important measurements is of the highest fidelity. To achieve this, image enhancement algorithms are used to improve the quality of the image as a preprocessing procedure. Currently, most image enhancement processes require parameter selection and parameter optimizations, where the results typically require assessment by a human observer. To perform the image enhancement without human intervention, an image quality metric needs to be used to automatically optimize the enhancement algorithm's parameters. An additional complexity is that the performance of an image quality measure depends on the attributes an image possesses and the types of distortions affecting the image. Although there are many image quality metrics available in the literature, very few are designed for color images. Furthermore, most color image quality measures require a reference image as a basis, on which all other results are compared too, or require parameter adjustment before the measures can be used. Finally, most available measures can only evaluate the image quality for images that are affected by a small set of distortions. In this paper, we will show a new no-reference noparameter transform-domain image quality metric, TDMEC, which can successfully evaluate images that are affected by ten different distortion types in the TID2008 image database. This measure enables vision-based measurement systems to automatically select optimal operating parameters that will produce the best quality images for analysis.
Efficiency of cross presentation of vaccinia virus-derived antigens by human dendritic cells (2001)

Dendritic cells (DC) utilize at least two pathways to process viral antigens onto MHC class I molecules. The conventional endogenous route is used to acquire antigens from both infectious and non-replicating virions. Exogenous pathways are used by DC to acquire and "cross-present" antigens derived from virus-infected donor cells that by themselves lack the ability to activate T cells directly. We analyzed the role of this pathway for antigens derived from vaccinia, a virus which inhibits DC maturation and causes extensive apoptosis of infected cells, yet is highly immunogenic. Using recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the influenza matrix protein as model vector, DC were shown to cross-present vaccinia-derived antigens from both apoptotic and necrotic infected cells to antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Efficient cross presentation required uptake of dead cells by immature DC and exposure to maturation stimuli, especially CD40 ligand. The responding CD8(+) T cells secreted IL-2 and IFN-gamma, proliferated and developed into cytotoxic effectors. Quantification of the cross presentation of vaccinia-derived antigens showed this pathway to be highly efficient, corresponding to a peptide pulse of 10-100 nM. While monocytes also phagocytosed apoptotic and necrotic cells, they were far less efficient at cross-presenting vaccinia-derived antigens to CD8(+) T cells. The ability of DC to cross-present vaccinia-derived antigens from infected apoptotic cells or necrotic cell lysates, bypasses the deleterious effects of direct infection of DC and provides one explanation for this pathogen's immunogenicity.
Enhanced‐Light‐Harvesting Amphiphilic Ruthenium Dye for Efficient Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

Abstract A ruthenium sensitizer (coded C101, NaRu (4,4′‐bis(5‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine) (4‐carboxylic acid‐4′‐caboxylate‐2,2′‐bipyridine) (NCS) 2 ) containing a hexylthiophene‐conjugated bipyridyl group as an ancillary ligand is presented for use in solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (SSDSCs). The high molar‐extinction coefficient of this dye is advantageous compared to the widely used Z907 dye, (NaRu (4‐carboxylic acid‐4′‐carboxylate) (4,4′‐dinonyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) (NCS) 2 ). In combination with an organic hole‐transporting material (spiro‐MeOTAD, 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐( N , N ‐di‐ p ‐methoxyphenylamine) 9, 9′‐spirobifluorene), the C101 sensitizer exhibits an excellent power‐conversion efficiency of 4.5% under AM 1.5 solar (100 mW cm −2 ) irradiation in a SSDSC. From electronic‐absorption, transient‐photovoltage‐decay, and impedance measurements it is inferred that extending the π‐conjugation of spectator ligands induces an enhanced light harvesting and retards the charge recombination, thus favoring the photovoltaic performance of a SSDSC.
Coal bioprocessing: A new vision and strategy for coal utilization (1996)

Traditionally the major usage of coal has been in power generation. Nevertheless, coal has unique properties not present in oil or gas. Harnessing these properties through biotechnology, ARCTECH`s Coal Biorefinery vision obtains value added products that enhance the economic value of coal and extend its application as a feedstock for production of value added commodity and specialty chemicals that have far reached uses in agriculture and environmental remediation. The paper discusses a process which utilizes an anaerobic microbial consortia to transform coal into a biogas, volatile fatty acids, fuel alcohols, and the residue into humic acids.
A System Architecture for the Detection of Insider Attacks in Big Data\n Systems (2016)

In big data systems, the infrastructure is such that large amounts of data\nare hosted away from the users. In such a system information security is\nconsidered as a major challenge. From a customer perspective, one of the big\nrisks in adopting big data systems is in trusting the provider who designs and\nowns the infrastructure from accessing user data. Yet there does not exist much\nin the literature on detection of insider attacks. In this work, we propose a\nnew system architecture in which insider attacks can be detected by utilizing\nthe replication of data on various nodes in the system. The proposed system\nuses a two-step attack detection algorithm and a secure communication protocol\nto analyze processes executing in the system. The first step involves the\nconstruction of control instruction sequences for each process in the system.\nThe second step involves the matching of these instruction sequences among the\nreplica nodes. Initial experiments on real-world hadoop and spark tests show\nthat the proposed system needs to consider only 20% of the code to analyze a\nprogram and incurs 3.28% time overhead. The proposed security system can be\nimplemented and built for any big data system due to its extrinsic workflow.\n
<title>GC-IMS: a technology for many applications</title> (1998)

Fast GC (gas chromatography) - IMS (ion mobility spectrometry) as a core technology is sufficiently flexible with respect to a broad range of chemical detection capabilities. The application of this dual technology can provide unique solutions in many operational environments. GC-IMS is the next evolutionary step in the advancement of IMS technology. Using the advantages of IMS (i.e., small, high sensitivity, rugged, operates at atmospheric pressure, etc.) And the chemical selection capability of GC, this detector configuration can be customized to detect and identify explosives, ICAO markers, and narcotics. This paper will present a technical discussion on GC-IMS and describe several commercial off the shelf (COTS) systems with potential application in many operating environments. Instruments include the Orion for explosives detection, Ariel for narcotics detection, Sirius for both explosives and narcotics detection, and NorthStar for handheld narcotics detection.
Identification and Characterization of Seven New Exon 11-Associated Splice Variants of the Rat Mu Opioid Receptor Gene, OPRM1 (2011)

The identification of the rat exon 11 and its associated variants further demonstrated conservation of 5' splicing in OPRM1 genes among rodents and humans. The functional relevance of these exon 11 associated variants was suggested by the region-specific expression of their mRNAs and the influence of the N-terminal sequence on agonist-induced G protein coupling in the novel N-terminal variant, rMOR-1H2. The importance of the exon 11-associated variants in mice in M6G and heroin analgesia revealed in the exon 11 knockout mouse implies that these analogous rat variants may also play similar roles in rat. The complexity created by alternative splicing of the rat OPRM1 gene may provide important insights of understanding the diverse responses to the various μ opioids seen in rats.
Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors (2005)

This review includes the non-patent literature up to October 2004 that deals with selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors (highest potency is for the neuronal isozyme). Some non-selective inhibitors or selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors are mentioned if they are related to compounds that are discussed; structures of these compounds generally are not given. In vitro inhibition constants are given either as IC(50) values or as K(i)values. An IC(50) value, the inhibitor concentration that produces 50% inhibition in the presence of a constant concentration of substrate, is obtained by extrapolation of several rate data points to 50% inhibition. K(i) values are derived from several types of plots that relate the concentration of inhibitor with enzyme velocity in the presence of a variety of substrate concentrations [1]. The K(i) value can be estimated from the IC(50) value [2]. Although the two inhibition constants are related, they are not the same; generally, the reported K(i) values tend to be lower than the IC(50) values. If specifics are desired about how the data were collected, then the reader will have to look in the literature cited. No attempt was made to be exhaustive in citing all references related to specific inhibitors; rather, examples of literature references are given for each inhibitor described.
MMP-9 facilitates selective proteolysis of the histone H3 tail at genes necessary for proficient osteoclastogenesis (2016)

Although limited proteolysis of the histone H3 N-terminal tail (H3NT) is frequently observed during mammalian differentiation, the specific genomic sites targeted for H3NT proteolysis and the functional significance of H3NT cleavage remain largely unknown. Here we report the first method to identify and examine H3NT-cleaved regions in mammals, called chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of acetylated chromatin (ChIPac). By applying ChIPac combined with deep sequencing (ChIPac-seq) to an established cell model of osteoclast differentiation, we discovered that H3NT proteolysis is selectively targeted near transcription start sites of a small group of genes and that most H3NT-cleaved genes displayed significant expression changes during osteoclastogenesis. We also discovered that the principal H3NT protease of osteoclastogenesis is matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). In contrast to other known H3NT proteases, MMP-9 primarily cleaved H3K18-Q19 in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, our results support CBP/p300-mediated acetylation of H3K18 as a central regulator of MMP-9 H3NT protease activity both in vitro and at H3NT cleavage sites during osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, we found that abrogation of H3NT proteolysis impaired osteoclastogenic gene activation concomitant with defective osteoclast differentiation. Our collective results support the necessity of MMP-9-dependent H3NT proteolysis in regulating gene pathways required for proficient osteoclastogenesis.
Large Nanodiscs: A Potential Game Changer in Structural Biology of Membrane Protein Complexes and Virus Entry (2020)

Phospho-lipid bilayer nanodiscs have gathered much scientific interest as a stable and tunable membrane mimetic for the study of membrane proteins. Until recently the size of the nanodiscs that could be produced was limited to ~ 16 nm. Recent advances in nanodisc engineering such as covalently circularized nanodiscs (cND) and DNA corralled nanodiscs (DCND) have opened up the possibility of engineering nanodiscs of size up to 90 nm. This enables widening the application of nanodiscs from single membrane proteins to investigating large protein complexes and biological processes such as virus-membrane fusion and synaptic vesicle fusion. Another aspect of exploiting the large available surface area of these novel nanodiscs could be to engineer more realistic membrane mimetic systems with features such as membrane asymmetry and curvature. In this review, we discuss the recent technical developments in nanodisc technology leading to construction of large nanodiscs and examine some of the implicit applications.
Design and Development of a New Edge Sensor for Web Guiding (2007)

Existing edge sensors use the concept of blocking/unblocking to determine web lateral position. The most commonly used sensors employ either ultrasonic or optical signals to detect the web edge position by measuring the amount of signal attenuation due to blocking/unblocking of the signal. The main drawback of this sensing method is nonuniform signal attenuation due to web material variations and opacity. The research in this paper develops a new sensor which utilizes the phenomena of light scattering from the web edge and the directional sensitivity of optical fibers to determine the web lateral position. A collimated light beam is incident on the web edge and scattered light is collected by a linear array of fibers spatially positioned above the web edge. Based on the intensity of light received by each fiber in the fiber array, lateral position of the web is determined. The theory of operation and the development of the sensor is described. Experiments are conducted with different web materials to validate the proposed sensing method. A representative sample of the results are presented and discussed
Improved Admixture Vaccine of Fentanyl and Heroin Hapten Immunoconjugates: Antinociceptive Evaluation of Fentanyl-Contaminated Heroin (2018)

Fentanyl and its derivatives have become pervasive contaminants in the U.S. heroin supply. Previously, we reported a proof-of-concept vaccine designed to combat against heroin contaminated with fentanyl. Herein, we optimized the admixture vaccine and found that it surpassed the individual vaccines in every antinociceptive test, including a 10% fentanyl to heroin formulation. It is anticipated that other co-occurring drug abuse disorders may also be examined with admixture vaccines.
Stabilization of PET operon plasmids and ethanol production in bacterial strains lacking lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate lyase activities (2001)

Recombinant bacteria are disclosed which are transformed with heterologous DNA coding for alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc), and which are effective for use in the production of ethanol, but which do not require the presence of antibiotics in the culture medium to maintain genetic stability and high ethanol productivity. These recombinant bacteria are produced using mutant host strains which are substantially deficient in the ability to fermentatively reduce pyruvate. When grown in an anaerobic environment, the recombinant pyruvate mutants transformed with the adh and pdc genes are genetically stable, maintaining the inserted genes and ethanol productivity even in the absence of antibiotics.
Rubbery wound closure adhesives. I. design, synthesis, characterization, and testing of polyisobutylene-based cyanoacrylate homo- and co-networks (2015)

Novel rubbery wound closures containing various proportions and molecular weights of polyisobutylene (PIB) and poly(2-octyl cyanoacrylate) [P(OctCA)] for potential clinical use were designed, synthesized, characterized, and tested. Homo-networks were prepared by crosslinking 3-arm star-shaped PIBs fitted with terminal cyanoacrylate groups, [Ø(PIB-CA)3], and co-networks by copolymerizing Ø(PIB-CA)3 with OctCA using N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT). Neat Ø(PIB-CA)3, and Ø(PIB-CA)3/OctCA blends, upon contact with initiator, polymerize within seconds to optically transparent strong rubbery co-networks, Ø(PIB-CA)3-co-P(OctCA). Homo- and co-network formation was demonstrated by sol/gel studies, and structures and properties were characterized by a battery of techniques. The Tg of P(OctCA) is 58 °C by DSC, and 75 °C by DMTA. Co-networks comprising 25% Ø(PIB-CA)3 (Mn = 2400 g/mol) and 75% P(OctCA) are stronger and more extensible than skin. Short and long term creep studies show co-networks exhibit high dimensional stability and <6% creep strain at high loading. When deposited on porcine skin co-networks yield hermetically-adhering clear rubbery coatings. Strips of porcine skin coated with co-networks could be stretched and twisted without compromising membrane integrity. The co-network is nontoxic to L-929 mouse fibroblasts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1640–1651