gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of luteolin and its glycosides on invasion and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells (2019)

Luteolin is known to have anticancer activity in various cancers. Recent studies have shown that luteolin glycosides, such as luteolin-8-<i>C</i>-β-fucopyranoside, 7-methoxy-luteolin-8-C-β-(6- deoxyxylopyranos-3-uloside) and luteolin-8-C-β-d-glucopyranoside, flavonoids that are present in <i>Arthraxon hispidus</i>, exert antimigratory and anti-invasive effects, but no cytotoxic effect in estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells. In the present study, we further investigated and compared differential effects of luteolin and its glycosides in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Luteolin suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inhibited migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate at non-cytotoxic concentrations (0, 5, and 10 μM). Furthermore, at cytotoxic concentrations (20 and 40 μM), luteolin induced apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in MDA-MB-231 cells. However, luteolin glycosides did not exert any cytotoxic, antimigratory, or anti-invasive effect in MDA-MB-231 cells. In brief, luteolin had both antimetastatic and cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas luteolin glycosides had no effect on this cell line. Taking together the present results and our previous findings on the differential effects of luteolin and its glycosides on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, luteolin and its glycosides can be suggested as a potential candidate for breast cancer therapy.
The Basis of Antimalarial Action: Non-Weak Base Effects of Chloroquine on Acid Vesicle pH (1987)

Biologically active concentrations of chloroquine increase the pH of the parasite's acid vesicles within 3-5 min. This increase in pH results from two mechanisms, one of which is markedly reduced in chloroquine-resistant parasites. Because chloroquine is a weak base, it increases vesicle pH by that mechanism in chloroquine-susceptible and resistant parasites and mammalian cells (based on its two pKs and on the delta pH between the acid vesicle and the extracellular environment). In chloroquine-susceptible parasites, but not resistant parasites or mammalian cells, chloroquine increases the pH of acid vesicles 700- to 800-fold more than can be accounted for by its properties as a weak base. The increase in acid vesicle pH caused by these non-weak base effects of nanomolar chloroquine in susceptible parasites suggests that chloroquine acts by interfering with acid vesicle functions in the parasite such as the endocytosis and proteolysis of hemoglobin, and the intracellular targeting of lysosomal enzymes. The non-weak base effects of nanomolar chloroquine on parasite vesicle pH are also responsible for its safety because these chloroquine concentrations do not affect mammalian cells.
Control of wave-front propagation with diffractive elements (1994)

In principle, diffractive elements can be designed to control a propagating wave in three dimensions, but no general procedure has been proposed. We present an iterative method that is suitable for the design of such diffractive elements. The resulting complex amplitude distribution will approach any arbitrary requirement, as much as is permitted by basic physical principles. The problem of "nondiffracting-beam" propagation is analyzed as a special case, and intensity peaks are generated that propagate as much as 4 m with a bounded width. The generality of the method, as compared with other techniques, is beams.
New perspectives for maximum likelihood time-delay estimation (1997)

This paper introduces a new realization for maximum likelihood time-delay estimation (TDE) that illuminates the relationships between maximum likelihood TDE and other methods. We obtain the result by deriving the likelihood function using a fundamental method that appears to be new to the field of array processing. This method is a natural complement to the generalized Karhunen-Loeve expansion.
Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 9 by DNA from Different Bacterial Species (2006)

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) recognizes unmethylated CpG dinucleotides which are abundant in prokaryotic DNA and yet are rare in eukaryotic DNA. Little is known about the significance of TLR-9 in terms of recognition of different bacterial DNA species. In this study HEK293 cells stably transfected with human TLR-9 were used to analyze the immunostimulatory properties of 15 bacterial DNA preparations. In addition, bacterial genome data were analyzed for the frequency of unmethylated cytosine-guanosine ([CG]) dinucleotides. We observed that DNA samples of different bacteria showed considerable differences in their potential to stimulate TLR-9. This correlated with the frequency of [CG] dinucleotides. Based upon data from our experiments the estimate of immunostimulatory bacterial DNA concentrations translated to as high as 10(9) bacteria/ml. Application of the transfection reagent DOTAP resulted in a more efficient delivery of DNA into the cell, and this went along with increased TLR-9 activation. The data indicate that bacterial DNA preparations from different species differ in their capacity to activate TLR-9, which is dependent on the individual [CG] content. Moreover, increased intracellular delivery results in a marked enhancement of immunostimulation.
Convergent evolution of germ granule nucleators: A hypothesis (2017)

Germ cells have been considered "the ultimate stem cell" because they alone, during normal development of sexually reproducing organisms, are able to give rise to all organismal cell types. Morphological descriptions of a specialized cytoplasm termed 'germ plasm' and associated electron dense ribonucleoprotein (RNP) structures called 'germ granules' within germ cells date back as early as the 1800s. Both germ plasm and germ granules are implicated in germ line specification across metazoans. However, at a molecular level, little is currently understood about the molecular mechanisms that assemble these entities in germ cells. The discovery that in some animals, the gene products of a small number of lineage-specific genes initiate the assembly (also termed nucleation) of germ granules and/or germ plasm is the first step towards facilitating a better understanding of these complex biological processes. Here, we draw on research spanning over 100years that supports the hypothesis that these nucleator genes may have evolved convergently, allowing them to perform analogous roles across animal lineages.
Minimizing spin-glass hamiltonians in APL2 (1989)

This paper describes a set of APL2 functions for the computation of the free energy and ground states of certain spin-glass systems. The implementation is based on an algorithm described by Dress [1].
PARP Inhibition Sensitizes to Low Dose-Rate Radiation TMPRSS2-ERG Fusion Gene-Expressing and PTEN-Deficient Prostate Cancer Cells (2013)

Exposure to genotoxic agents, such as irradiation produces DNA damage, the toxicity of which is augmented when the DNA repair is impaired. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors were found to be "synthetic lethal" in cells deficient in BRCA1 and BRCA2 that impair homologous recombination. However, since many tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa) rarely have on such mutations, there is considerable interest in finding alternative determinants of PARP inhibitor sensitivity. We evaluated the effectiveness of radiation in combination with the PARP inhibitor, rucaparib in PCa cells. The combination index for clonogenic survival following radiation and rucaparib treatments revealed synergistic interactions in a panel of PCa cell lines, being strongest for LNCaP and VCaP cells that express ETS gene fusion proteins. These findings correlated with synergistic interactions for senescence activation, as indicated by β--galactosidase staining. Absence of PTEN and presence of ETS gene fusion thus facilitated activation of senescence, which contributed to decreased clonogenic survival. Increased radiosensitivity in the presence of rucaparib was associated with persistent DNA breaks, as determined by χ-H2AX, p53BP1, and Rad51 foci. VCaP cells, which harbor the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion and PC3 cells that stably express a similar construct (fusion III) showed enhanced sensitivity towards rucaparib, which, in turn, increased the radiation response to a similar extent as the DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7441. Rucaparib radiosensitized PCa cells, with a clear benefit of low dose-rate radiation (LDR) administered over a longer period of time that caused enhanced DNA damage. LDR mimicking brachytherapy, which is used successfully in the clinic, was most effective when combined with rucaparib by inducing persistent DNA damage and senescence, leading to decreased clonogenic survival. This combination was most effective in the presence of the TMPRSS2-ERG and in the absence of PTEN, indicating clinical potential for brachytherapy in patients with intermediate and high risk PCa.
Thermal degradation of polymers (1992)

Abstract : A report is given of work involving the thermal degradation of a series of styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymers of various compositions but having molecular weights of the same order. Consideration is given to the nature of the changes in molecular weight during degradation, the nature of the products of degradation and the measurement of rates.
Fullerene: biomedical engineers get to revisit an old friend (2017)

In 1985, the serendipitous discovery of fullerene triggered the research of carbon structures into the world of symmetric nanomaterials. Consequently, Robert F. Curl, Harold W. Kroto and Richard E. Smalley were awarded the Noble prize in chemistry for their discovery of the buckminsterfullerene (C60 with a cage-like fused-ring structure). Fullerene, as the first symmetric nanostructure in carbon nanomaterials family, opened up new perspectives in nanomaterials field leading to discovery and research on other symmetric carbon nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional graphene which put fullerenes in the shade, while fullerene as the most symmetrical molecule in the world with incredible properties deserves more attention in nanomaterials studies. Buckyball with its unique structure consisting of sp2 carbons which form a high symmetric cage with different sizes (C60, C70 and so on); however, the most abundant among them is C60 which possesses 60 carbon atoms. The combination of unique properties of this molecule extends its applications in divergent areas of science, especially those related to biomedical engineering. This review aims to be a comprehensive review with a broad interest to the biomedical engineering community, being a substantial overview of the most recent advances on fullerenes in biomedical applications that have not been exhaustively and critically reviewed in the past few years.
Unique Tri-Output Optical Probe for Specific and Ultrasensitive Detection of Hydrazine (2014)

An optical probe based on colorimetric and ratiometric as well as chemiluminometric signal outputs is developed for the specific detection of hydrazine. On the basis of a Gabriel-type reaction, hydrazinolysis of a simple probe CF (4-phtalamide-N-(4'-methylcoumarin) naphthalimide) produces both the fluorescence of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin with the max emission wavelength changed from 480 to 420 nm (along with a color change from yellow to transparent) and the luminol chemiluminescence activated by H2O2 with a max emission wavelength at 450 nm. The experimental detection limit of hydrazine is 3.2 ppb (0.1 μM). Selectivity experiments proved CF has excellent selectivity to hydrazine over other interfering substances. Probe CF was also successfully applied in the vapor hydrazine detection over other interfering volatile analytes. Furthermore, the probe CF loaded thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate for vapor hydrazine detection limit is 5.4 mg/m(3) which is well below the half lethal dose of hydrazine gas for mice (LC50(mice), 330 mg/m(3)) and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health's immediately dangerous to life or health limit (NIOSHIDLH, 66 mg/m(3)). With H2O2, only hydrazinolysis product luminol can be lighted at 450 nm, other species have no signal. Probe CF can also be used for the detection of hydrazine in HeLa cells.
Autonomous orbit navigation of interplanetary spacecraft (2000)

In this paper, autonomous orbit navigation of spacecraft for deep space missions is implemented completely independent of a ground tracking system. In order to achieve this aim, the Doppler measurement due to the relative motion from a spacecraft to the Sun is used. Other measurements are the directional data from the spacecraft to the Sun measured from a Sun sensor, and directional data from the spacecraft to the Earth measured from an Earth sensor. The observability of the system with the available measurements is investigated using a linearized observability analysis. Autonomous orbit navigation is obtained by extended Kalman filtering. Results using the Doppler measurement and Sun sensor indicate that autonomous navigation can be accomplished within an accuracy of 5km in position. Adding directional data with respect to the Earth considerably improves the estimate accuracy to within 3km.
Ultraprecision Machining of Glassy Carbon (2012)

Glassy carbon is widely used for high temperature melting process such as quartz due to its thermal stability. For utilizing Classy Carbon to glass mold press(GMP) optical lens, brittleness of Glassy Carbon is main obstacle of ultraprecision machining. Thus authors investigated ductile machining of Glassy Carbon adopting turning and grinding process respectively. From the experiments, ultraprecision turning surfaces resulted brittle crack in all machining conditions and ultraprecision grinding surfaces showed semi-ductile mode in small undeformed chip thickness conditions.
Friday Gray – winner of the 2019 Australian Journal of Botany student prize (2020)

The Australian Journal of Botany is an international journal publishing original research encompassing all plant groups including fossil plants. Plant science areas covered by the scope are as follows: ecology and ecophysiology, conservation biology and biodiversity, forest biology and management, cell and molecular biology, palaeobotany, reproductrive biology and genetics, mycology and pathology, structure and development.
Merging Microfluidics with Microtitre Technology for More Efficient Drug Discovery (2008)

Detecting multiple components from a single red blood cell (RBC) sample within a flow-based system and in less than 20 minutes will enable improved in vitro determinations of drug efficacy and cellular response to administered drugs. Here, an example of an improved in vitro measurement involving iloprost, a pharmaceutical reported to improve blood flow, has been determined by incorporating multiple cell types onto a single device. The method allows fluid flow to address individual rows of wells contained within an 18-well microfluidic array that serves as a precursor to a 96-well micro-titre plate device. The ability to better mimic the in vivo circulation by incorporating the flow of blood components, coupled with simultaneous detection and laboratory automation in place for micro-titre plates, suggests that the microfluidic array presented here will allow for improved mechanistic drug research studies. Utilizing fluorescence microscopy, concentrations of multiple metabolites present within the RBC can also be determined using the microfluidic array. The current progress towards using this device for personalized medicine is presented here.
Conversion of Aflatoxin B1 by Humicola fuscoatra. (1996)

The conversion of aflatoxin B1 by six kinds of fungi, previously reported to assimilate aflatoxin B1, was investigated. The tested fungi were Aspergillus fumigatus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, P. inflatus, Humicola fuscoatra, Penicillium spinulosum, and Trichoderma aureoviride.After incubation at 25°C for 4 weeks, most of the tested fungi lowered the aflatoxin B1 level in the broth to less than 10% of the starting level. Penicillium spinulosum contained 80% of aflatoxin B1 in the mycelia, but the other fungi contained less than 30% of aflatoxin B1 in the mycelia. This fact suggests that aflatoxin B1 was converted by these 5 kinds of fungi.Only Humicola fuscoatra showed a marked difference in the aflatoxin conversion rate between intact and sterilized mycelia. Intact mycelia of the fungus degraded 90% of aflatoxin B1 but sterilized mycelia had no effect on aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin B1 was converted in the mycelia of the fungus but not in the broth filtrate. These findings indicate that the conversion by Humicola fuscoatra was a biological reaction.The conversion products of aflatoxin B1 by Humicola fuscoatra were identified to be aflatoxicols A and B by TLC and HPLC, and all the reduced aflatoxin B1 was converted to aflatoxicols A and B.
The SLIM Spectrometer (2002)

A new spectrometer, here denoted the SLIM (simple, low-power, inexpensive, microcontroller-based) spectrometer, was developed that exploits the small size and low cost of solid-state electronic devices. In this device, light-emitting diodes (LED), single-chip integrated circuit photodetectors, embedded microcontrollers, and batteries replace traditional optoelectronic components, computers, and power supplies. This approach results in complete customizable spectrometers that are considerably less expensive and smaller than traditional instrumentation. The performance of the SLIM spectrometer, configured with a flow cell, was evaluated and compared to that of a commercial spectrophotometer. Thionine was the analyte, and the detection limit was approximately 0.2 microM with a 1.5-mm-path length flow cell. Nonlinearity due to the broad emission profile of the LED light sources is discussed.
Vaccines for tumor prevention: a pipe dream? (2015)

Whether or not a tumor expresses peculiar antigens that differentiate it from normal cells was intensively investigated in the 1950s. A conclusive answer was provided in 1960 when George Klein showed that a tumor can be rejected by the immune response elicited by a vaccine administered to the same mouse in which the tumor was induced. Whether immunogenicity was a feature restricted only to tumors artificially induced by viruses or by high doses of chemical carcinogens was then hotly debated until Terry Boon showed, in the 1980s, that almost any tumor can be recognized by a syngeneic immune system triggered by an appropriate cancer vaccine. However, the therapeutic efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity against an advanced tumor is marginal. The combination of an anti-tumor vaccine with new sophisticated maneuvers to contrast tumor-induced suppression may yield new and effective therapeutic strategies. Also, the exploitation of tumor vaccines to prevent tumors in cohorts of people with a specific risk of cancer may become a fresh strategy with great potential to control tumor onset.
2-Keto-3-Deoxygluconate, an Intermediate in the Fermentation of Gluconate by Clostridia (1971)

Five clostridial species were found to ferment gluconate via 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate which subsequently is phosphorylated to yield 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG). This compound is then cleaved by KDPG aldolase.
Biomimetic Superoxide Disproportionation Catalyst for Anti-Aging Lithium–Oxygen Batteries (2019)

Reactive oxygen species or superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>), which damages or ages biological cells, is generated during metabolic pathways using oxygen as an electron acceptor in biological systems. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects cells from superoxide-triggered apoptosis by converting superoxide to oxygen and peroxide. Lithium-oxygen battery (LOB) cells have the same aging problems caused by superoxide-triggered side reactions. We transplanted the function of SOD of biological systems into LOB cells. Malonic acid-decorated fullerene (MA-C<sub>60</sub>) was used as a superoxide disproportionation chemocatalyst mimicking the function of SOD. As expected, MA-C<sub>60</sub> as the superoxide scavenger improved capacity retention along charge/discharge cycles successfully. A LOB cell that failed to provide a meaningful capacity just after several cycles at high current (0.5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>) with 0.5 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> cutoff survived up to 50 cycles after MA-C<sub>60</sub> was introduced to the electrolyte. Moreover, the SOD-mimetic catalyst increased capacity, <i>e</i>.<i>g</i>., more than a 6-fold increase at 0.2 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>. The experimentally observed toroidal morphology of the final discharge product of oxygen reduction (Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and density functional theory calculation confirmed that the solution mechanism of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> formation, more beneficial than the surface mechanism from the capacity-gain standpoint, was preferred in the presence of MA-C<sub>60</sub>.
Breast MRI and X-ray mammography registration using gradient values (2019)

Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray mammography are two image modalities widely used for early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases in women. The combination of these modalities, traditionally done using intensity-based registration algorithms, leads to a more accurate diagnosis and treatment, due to the capability of co-localizing lesions and susceptibles areas between the two image modalities. In this work, we present the first attempt to register breast MRI and X-ray mammographic images using intensity gradients as the similarity measure. Specifically, a patient-specific biomechanical model of the breast, extracted from the MRI image, is used to mimic the mammographic acquisition. The intensity gradients of the glandular tissue are directly projected from the 3D MRI volume to the 2D mammographic space, and two different gradient-based metrics are tested to lead the registration, the normalized cross-correlation of the scalar gradient values and the gradient correlation of the vectoral gradients. We compare these two approaches to an intensity-based algorithm, where the MRI volume is transformed to a synthetic computed tomography (pseudo-CT) image using the partial volume effect obtained by the glandular tissue segmentation performed by means of an Expectation-Maximization algorithm. This allows us to obtain the digitally reconstructed radiographies by a direct intensity projection. The best results are obtained using the scalar gradient approach along with a transversal isotropic material model, obtaining a target registration error (TRE), in millimeters, of 5.65 ± 2.76 for CC- and of 7.83 ± 3.04 for MLO-mammograms, while the TRE is 7.33 ± 3.62 in the 3D MRI. We also evaluate the effect of the glandularity of the breast as well as the landmark position on the TRE, obtaining moderated correlation values (0.65 and 0.77 respectively), concluding that these aspects need to be considered to increase the accuracy in further approaches.
Electrically conducting TCNQ derivatives of copper sulphur/nitrogen chelates; structure of a novel semiconducting complex [Cu(pdto)(TCNQ)]2 which contains N-bonded TCNQ (pdto = 1,8-di-2-pyridyl-3,6-dithiaoctane; TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) (1988)

Reaction in water of Cu(pdto)(ClO4)2 with Li(TCNQ)/TCNQ mixtures yields solid crystalline materials of formulae Cu(pdto)(TCNQ)x(x= 2, 2.5, or 3) which display high electrical conductivities; reaction of Cu(pdto)(ClO4) with Li(TCNQ) yields Cu(pdto)(TCNQ), a poor conductor which has been shown by X-ray crystallography to have a novel dimeric structure involving π–π interaction between TCNQ units and which possesses Cu–TCNQ bonding.