gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Langmuir−Blodgett Thin Films of Fe<sub>20</sub>Pt<sub>80</sub> Nanoparticles for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid (2007)

The electro-oxidation of formic acid catalyzed by Fe20Pt80 nanoparticles was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) where the particles were deposited onto a gold electrode surface by the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique at varied film thickness/coverage. It was found that the particle assembly thickness strongly affected the electrocatalytic activity for HCOOH oxidation. For a single monolayer and two layers of FePt particles, extensive CO adsorption (poisoning) was observed in CV measurements, whereas with a four-layer assembly of the FePt particles, the tolerance to CO poisoning improved drastically. Furthermore, from the current density for formic acid oxidation, the electrodes functionalized with LB layers of nanoparticles exhibited higher activities than those with dropcast films of similar thickness, suggesting the importance of the ordering of the particle layers in the electrocatalytic performance. The reaction kinetics in the HCOOH oxidation on the three kinds of particle film-modified electrodes was then examined by EIS measurements. It was found that except within the potential range for CO oxidation, the impedance spectra behaved normally with the responses shown in the first quadrant for all three nanoparticle assemblies under study, indicative of only resistive and capacitive components in the electrochemical cell. In contrast, at potentials of CO electro-oxidation, the impedance spectra were found to migrate from the first quadrant to the second quadrant and then back to the first quadrant with increasing electrode potential, which suggests that the reaction kinetics evolve from resistive to pseudoinductive and then to inductive behaviors. The different EIS behaviors are ascribed to the different degree of tolerance to CO poisoning, consistent with the voltammetric results.
Human papillomavirus 16 E6 variants are more prevalent in invasive cervical carcinoma than the prototype. (1998)

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known risk factor in the etiology of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I-III and invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC). The most severe preinvasive lesion is CIN III, and it is still not entirely understood why some cases progress to invasion, whereas others do not. Our hypothesis that this could be predicted by intratype variation of the immortalizing and transforming early proteins E6 and E7 was tested. Because HPV16 is frequently detected in cervical neoplastic lesions, 25 CIN III and 17 ICC cases from Swedish women, all positive for this genotype, were selected to investigate the E6 and E7 genes for mutations. PCR-amplified products were sequenced by the fluorescent dideoxy termination method. ICC harbored almost exclusively HPV16 E6 variants (94%) and rarely harbored the prototype (6%), whereas CIN III demonstrated a more uniform distribution of variants (56%) and prototype (44%; P = 0.013). All variants contained variations that were identified in areas likely to be important for protein-protein interaction with p53 or in areas of immunological significance. The most frequent E6 variation was seen at residue 83. This polymorphism was detected alone or in combination with others in 88% of ICC and 44% of CIN III cases. E7 variations were extremely rare and were only detected together with E6 variations in 4% of CIN III and in 6% of ICC cases, suggesting that the HPV16 E7 but not the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein is highly conserved in vivo. This indicates that HPV16 E6 variants, specifically those containing the substitution at residue 83, may be more oncogenic than the prototype and thus carry a higher risk for the development of invasive cervical disease. This may be due to subtle differences in the type of transformation produced or to evasion of host immune defenses. These results might have implications for future in vitro studies, diagnostics, treatment, and vaccine design.
Analysis, Design, and Implementation of a Bidirectional Double-Boost DC–DC Converter (2014)

This paper presents a new bidirectional dc-dc converter with a high conversion ratio for renewable energy systems. The coupled-inductor technique is used to achieve a high conversion ratio with very simple control circuits. In discharging mode, the converter acts as a two-stage boost converter, controlling one power switch to achieve high-voltage step-up conversion. In charging mode, the converter acts as two cascaded buck converters that control two power switches simultaneously to achieve high-voltage step-down conversion. The operating principles and analysis of the steady-state characteristics are discussed in great detail. Finally, a 24-V/200-V prototype circuit with output power of 200 W is implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed converter. The maximum efficiency levels in discharging and charging modes are about 94.3% and 91.6%, respectively.
Benefits of distribution automation and performance results from a network trial (1997)

Typical medium voltage distribution systems have developed slowly over many years and essentially comprise of circuit breakers at primary substations feeding a series of isolatable step down transformers. Customers have been demanding better continuity of supply and performance from the network and utilities have been investigating ways of responding without the need for large capital investment. Improvements in switching devices, protection relays and telecontrol in recent years have made the implementation of distribution automation schemes cost effective and the benefits are being realised through a number of installations. This paper explores the benefits of distribution automation, details the equipment required and raises a number of issues relating to a real installation.
An ultrahigh vacuum, magnetron sputtering system for the growth and analysis of nitride superlattices (1992)

An ultrahigh vacuum, magnetron sputtering system designed for the deposition and in situ analysis of nitride superlattices is described. Superlattices are deposited from two sputter sources aimed at a fixed substrate position. The chamber features a sample insertion load lock, a computer-controlled shutter to modulate the sputtered fluxes, a retarding field analyzer for in situ low energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and substrate heating to &gt;800 °C. Deposition of epitaxial TiN, VN, NbN, and nitride superlattices is described. Deposition rates decreased, and the film nitrogen content increased until stoichiometry was reached, as the N2 partial pressure was increased. The film thickness and composition were uniform to within 10% over the 1.2 cm wide substrates. AES studies of the initial stages of TiN deposition onto VN(100) indicated a layer-by-layer growth mechanism. Single-crystal TiN/NbN(100) and TiN/V0.6Nb0.4N(100) superlattices were grown and found to have flat, sharp interfaces, and exhibited hardness enhancements in excess of 200% over homogeneous alloys of the same composition.
<title>Microchannel array flow analyzer for measurement of whole blood rheology and flow characteristics of leukocytes activated by bacterial stimulation</title> (1997)

Microgrooves (width 6, 7, and 8 micrometer, each with length 20, 30, and 40 micrometers, respectively; depth 4.5 micrometers; number 4704 in parallel of one size per chip; chip dimensions 12 multiplied by 12 mm) photofabricated in the surface of a single-crystal silicon substrate were converted to leak-proof microchannels by tightly covering them with an optically flat glass plate. Using the microchannels as a model of physiological capillaries, total flow rate of heparinized whole blood taken from healthy subjects was determined under a constant suction of 20 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O, while flow behavior of blood cells through individual channels was microscopically observed. The apparent viscosity (ratio to that of saline) of whole blood was obtained as 4.7 plus or minus 0.5, 3.7 plus or minus 0.3, and 3.4 plus or minus 0.2 (mean plus or minus SD, n equals 4) for 6, 7, and 8 micrometer width channels, respectively. Normal leukocytes passed, showing a round shape, through the channels much more slowly then erythrocytes, but caused no appreciable interference with passage of erythrocytes. Meanwhile, cells exposed to the chemotactic peptide FMLP (1 - 10 nM) and bacterial cells (Escherichia coli K 12; 6 multiplied by 10<SUP>6</SUP>/ml) slowed further greatly, showing very irregular shapes, and eventually blocked the channels. Such a response of leukocytes took place immediately after the exposure to FMLP, but it appeared gradually with time after the exposure to the cells.
Virus detection using nanoelectromechanical devices (2004)

We have used a resonating mechanical cantilever to detect immunospecific binding of viruses, captured from liquid. As a model virus, we used a nonpathogenic insect baculovirus to test the ability to specifically bind and detect small numbers of virus particles. Arrays of surface micromachined, antibody-coated polycrystalline silicon nanomechanical cantilever beams were used to detect binding from various concentrations of baculoviruses in a buffer solution. Because of their small mass, the 0.5μm×6μm cantilevers have mass sensitivities on the order of 10−19g∕Hz, enabling the detection of an immobilized AcV1 antibody monolayer corresponding to a mass of about 3×10−15g. With these devices, we can detect the mass of single-virus particles bound to the cantilever. Resonant frequency shift resulting from the adsorbed mass of the virus particles distinguished solutions of virus concentrations varying between 105 and 107pfu∕ml. Control experiments using buffer solutions without baculovirus showed small amounts (&lt;50attograms) of nonspecific adsorption to the antibody layer.
Design and evaluation of a wearable AR system for sharing personalized content on ski resort maps (2016)

Winter sports like skiing and snowboarding are often group activities. Groups of skiers and snowboarders traditionally use paper maps or board-mounted larger-scale maps near ski lifts to aid decision making: which slope to take next, where to have lunch, or what hazards to avoid when going off-piste. To enrich those static maps with personal content (e.g., pictures, prior routes taken, or hazards encountered), we developed SkiAR - a wearable augmented reality system that allows groups of skiers and snowboarders to share such content on a printed panoramic resort map. The contribution of our work is twofold: (1) we developed a system that offers a novel way to review and share personal content in situ while on the slope using a resort map; (2) we report on the results from a qualitative analysis of two user studies to inform the design and validate the usability and perceived usefulness of our prototype.
<title>Monitoring of a RTA process using multi-PCA</title> (1998)

Process faults usually lead to changes in the normal relationship among process variables. These changes can be detected by a principle component analysis (PCA) model based on the data from normal batches of operation. Therefore, monitoring process variables via a PCA model may lead to the earlier detection of process fault than traditional SPC method which depends on periodic information from test wafers.However, PCA is a linear method, and does not explain the relationship among process variables with time. Because the relationship among process variables for a wafer processing equipment is both nonlinear, applying PCA method directly to the monitoring of such processes may prove to be difficult. A multi-PCA modeling technique is proposed in our study of process in our study of process monitoring and fault detection for a semiconductor manufacturing tool. A series of local PCA models can be built with each local model only describing a local relationship among process variables at a particular time.During monitoring, if an observation from the k<SUP>th</SUP> sampling time of previous normal runs, this observation can be considered normal. A method is also proposed to eliminate redundant local PCA models. The proposed method has been implemented for the monitored of a commercial Rapid Thermal Anneal (RTA) tool. The RTA process is a typical single wafer process. For the same product, all wafers should be processed according to the same recipe. First, the data from normal lots were collected and verified by wafer electrical test data to be normal data. A multi-PCA model was built based on all data for these normal production lots. In the modeling, only 2 or 3 principal components were necessary for each local PCA model to explain 99 percent variance of each sub-matrix of data. This paper will discuss using Multi-PCA as a modeling method for detecting real-time process variations based on equipment signals, with abnormal process signals being indicated by a single parameter - Squared Prediction Error - from the PCA mode. Issues related to the use of this technique in a state-of-the-art semiconductor fab will also be discussed.
Biosynthesis of the outer membrane receptor for vitamin B12, E colicins, and bacteriophage BF23 by Escherichia coli: kinetics of phenotypic expression after the introduction of bfe+ and bfe alleles (1977)

The bfe locus codes for the cell surface receptor for vitamin B12, the E colicins, and bacteriophage BF23 in the Escherichia coli outer membrane. When the bfe+ allele, which is closely linked to the argH locus, was introduced into an argH bfe recipient by conjugation, arg+ recombinant cells rapidly and simultaneously acquired sensitivity to colicin E3 and phage BF23. In the reciprocal experiment introducing bfe into an argH bfe+ recipient, it was found that colicin E3-resistant, arg+ cells began to appear shortly after the arg+ recombinant population began to divide. This was far earlier than would have been predicted on the basis of 220 receptors per haploid cell. Moreover, there was a lag between the appearance of colicin resistance and the appearance of resistance to killing by phage BF23, and hence a period of time during which some arg+ recombinant cells were sensitive to the phage but resistant to the colicin. Colicin E3 added to cells during this period of time protected against phage killing, indicating that the colicin-resistant cells still had receptors capable of binding colicin on their surface. The modification of the phenotypic expression of colicin and phage resistance by inhibitors of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis was also investigated. The results obtained indicate that the receptor protein coded for by the bfe locus can exist on the cell surface in several different functional states.
Diuretic Effects of L-Threo-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine (L-Threo-DOPS) in Anesthetized Rats (1990)

A synthetic amino acid, L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS), can be converted to (−)-norepinephrine (NE) by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in various mammalian tissues. Recent studies have indicated the pressor and diuretic effects of L-threo-DOPS. In this study, we examined the effects of L-threo-DOPS on renal hemodynamics and function in anesthetized rats, and evaluated possible mechanisms of the diuresis. Intravenous infusion of L-threo-DOPS at 120 μg/kg/min exerted a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP). There was a slight but nonsignificant decrease in renal blood flow (RBF). Although the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained at a constant level, urine flow (UF) and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) increased significantly during the drug infusion. Pretreatment with AADC inhibitor, benserazide, completely blocked both the pressor and diuretic effects of L-thieo-DOPS. When the renal perfusion pressure was protected from the pressor effect of the drug by using a Blalock clamp, the drug-induced diuresis was abolished. The diuretic effect of L-threo-DOPS was markedly attenuated by the administration of phentolamine. There was a positive correlation between plasma NE concentration and UF during the infusion of L-threo-DOPS. Intrarenal arterial infusion of L-threo-DOPS at 20 μg/kg/min was without effect on renal function. These results indicate that diuresis and natriuresis induced by L-threo-DOPS are dependent on the pressor effect of NE via peripheral α-adrenoceptor activation.
Re-ECN: A Framework for adding Congestion Accountability to TCP/IP (2010)

This document describes the framework to support a new protocol for
explicit congestion notification (ECN), termed re-ECN, which can be
deployed incrementally around unmodified routers. Re-ECN allows
accurate congestion monitoring throughout the network thus enabling
the upstream party at any trust boundary in the internetwork to be
held responsible for the congestion they cause, or allow to be caused.
So, networks can introduce straightforward accountability for
congestion and policing mechanisms for incoming traffic from end-
customers or from neighbouring network domains. As well as giving the
motivation for re-ECN this document also gives examples of mechanisms
that can use the protocol to ensure data sources respond correctly to
congestion. And it describes example mechanisms that ensure the
dominant selfish strategy of both network domains and end- points will
be to use the protocol honestly.
Selective enhancement of radiation response in a C3H mammary carcinoma by cisplatin. (1981)

The interaction between cisplatin and radiation was studied in a C3H mammary carcinoma and its surrounding normal skin. Treatment with 6 mg/kg of cisplatin given 30 mins before irradiation enhanced the radiation response in the tumor by a factor of 1.7, whereas the same drug treatment given immediately after or 4 hrs after irradiation only enhanced the effect by a factor of 1.2--1.3. No interaction between radiation and cisplatin was observed in the surrounding skin. It is hypothesized that in the C3H mammary carcinoma the prominent radiation-modifying effect of cisplatin given before radiation is due to a radiosensitization involving hypoxic tumor cells combined with a tumor cell-destructive effect of the drug itself.
Towards an integrated Victorian homelessness data collection (2004)

The Victorian Government commissioned the Victorian Homelessness Strategy (VHS) in July 2000, to provide a blueprint for more effectively responding to homelessness. The VHS provides a whole-of-Government approach to tackle homelessness, with a strong emphasis on prevention and early intervention strategies. One of the key initiatives identified was the need for better, more consistent data to underpin service planning and resource allocation.
Whole Cell-SELEX Aptamers for Highly Specific Fluorescence Molecular Imaging of Carcinomas In Vivo (2013)

This work might greatly advance the application of whole cell-SELEX aptamers to carcinomas-related in vivo researches.
Quantification of Unidirectional Fiber Bed Permeability (1994)

A new approach to the closed form quantification of the permeability of a bed of unidirectional fibers is proposed. The methodology is founded on the phase average form of the Navier-Stokes equation and is applied here to low Reynolds number laminar flow of an isotropic non-homogeneous Newtonian fluid through a bed of randomly packed unidirectional fibers. Permeability in both the longitudinal and transverse directions is shown to be a function of fiber volume fraction and fiber diameter only. The results are combined in a flow resistance tensor through which the phase-average Navier-Stokes equation is transformed into a practical tool for the numerical analysis of macroscopic flow in geometrically complex composite moldings. Encouraging agreement between the presented analytical solutions and published experimental results is demonstrated.
Nutrient Film Technique-Based Hydroponic Monitoring and Controlling System Using ANFIS (2023)

Most people are now aware of the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including the importance of consuming vegetables. As a result, the demand for vegetables has increased, and so their production needs to be increased. Currently, most plantations use soil as a growing medium, which is time-consuming and requires a significant amount of space. To modernize cultivation, hydroponic techniques should be adopted. However, implementing hydroponics can be challenging as it requires precise pH and nutrient adjustments. The previous research has proposed the hydroponic pH and nutrient control using the Sugeno fuzzy method. However, in Sugeno fuzzy method, there is no systematic procedure in designing the fuzzy controller, thus, the design relies on hydroponic expert knowledge. To address this issue, a smart hydroponic system was developed using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method, which allows for automatic adjustments based on the collected dataset and remote control through internet of things (IoT) technology. This study showed that the system could accurately adjust pH and nutrient levels, allowing plants to grow better. Furthermore, the fuzzy controller created using ANFIS is 67% more accurate than creating the fuzzy controller using the Sugeno fuzzy method. Finally, the web application dashboard of the proposed system is also presented in this paper.
Rich media technologies and uncertain futures: Developing sustainable, scalable models (2008)

Rich media technologies are commonly defined as technologies that enable users to engage in interactive communication, with the ability to see, hear and interact with multiple communication streams synchronously or access them asynchronously. Rich media technologies are also characterised by their ability to support non-verbal communication such as body language and vocal inflection. The rapidly increasing access to rich media technologies such as video and web conferencing both commercially available and as open source, provides a wealth of opportunities for education. This is a rapidly changing landscape as existing and emerging technologies increase both access and expectation in regards to communication. Coupled with this is the growing recognition that new generations of students have greater expectations of media rich learning opportunities and in many cases institutions are poorly placed to respond to this demand. While rich media technologies such as videoconferencing have been available for some considerable time, the adoption of these technologies is often problematic, resulting in ad hoc usage and little ability to cater to unexpected demand. Few institutions have adopted successful approaches to sustainable or scalable use of these technologies. This paper explores some of the reasons why sustainable and scalable adoption of rich media often fails, including the need to involve all stakeholders in decision making processes. It outlines an Australian Teaching and Learning Council funded project on leading rich media implementation collaboratively which seeks to address some of the issues faces by the sector and reports on progress to date.
Glymphatics Visualization after Focused Ultrasound‐Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Opening in Humans (2019)

It is currently unclear whether the glymphatic system, a brain‐wide interstitial fluid–cerebrospinal fluid exchange described in rodents, exists in humans. Focal blood–brain barrier disruption using magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound allows parenchymal penetration of gadobutrol contrast, creating an opportunity to study glymphatics in vivo noninvasively. We describe patterns of contrast distribution in the perivascular space, subarachnoid space, and space surrounding large veins draining toward the dural sinuses on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery in subjects with Alzheimer disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This is the first evidence suggesting glymphatic efflux persists in humans. It's relevance to proteinopathies and drug delivery is discussed. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:975–980