gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Essential Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 in Differentiation of Brown Adipocytes (2001)

The most widely distributed members of the family of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are IRS-1 and IRS-2. These proteins participate in insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling, as well as the actions of some cytokines, growth hormone, and prolactin. To more precisely define the specific role of IRS-1 in adipocyte biology, we established brown adipocyte cell lines from wild-type and IRS-1 knockout (KO) animals. Using differentiation protocols, both with and without insulin, preadipocyte cell lines derived from IRS-1 KO mice exhibited a marked decrease in differentiation and lipid accumulation (10 to 40%) compared to wild-type cells (90 to 100%). Furthermore, IRS-1 KO cells showed decreased expression of adipogenic marker proteins, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), fatty acid synthase, uncoupling protein-1, and glucose transporter 4. The differentiation deficit in the KO cells could be reversed almost completely by retrovirus-mediated reexpression of IRS-1, PPARgamma, or C/EBPalpha but not the thiazolidinedione troglitazone. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) assays performed at various stages of the differentiation process revealed a strong and transient activation in IRS-1, IRS-2, and phosphotyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase in the wild-type cells, whereas the IRS-1 KO cells showed impaired phosphotyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activation, all of which was associated with IRS-2. Akt phosphorylation was reduced in parallel with the total PI 3-kinase activity. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase with LY294002 blocked differentiation of wild-type cells. Thus, IRS-1 appears to be an important mediator of brown adipocyte maturation. Furthermore, this signaling molecule appears to exert its unique role in the differentiation process via activation of PI 3-kinase and its downstream target, Akt, and is upstream of the effects of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha.
8–9 Block Code: A DC-Free Channel Code for Digital Magnetic Recording (1983)

This article describes the 8–9 block code, a dc-free channel code for use in digital magnetic recording. The coding strategy is discussed, as well as results of investigation of the properties of the code by computer simulation and hardware experiment. This code can be applied to a digital VTR without major modification to the recording and playback circuits which were previously used for the 8–10 block code. Although further study is required for selecting the best channel code for the digital VTR, the 8–9 block code may be considered a reasonable compromise between the 8–10 block code and the 8-bit code without overhead.
An Efficient Simulated Annealing Based VLSI Floorplanning Algorithm for Slicing Structure (2012)

Floor planning is one of the most crucial stages in VLSI circuit design. Slicing structure is a simple and efficient floor plan representation. The orientation of modules has a significant impact on the performance (e.g., area) of a chip for slicing floor plan. At first, the reason which causes dead space is analyzed and an intuitive and fast approach is proposed to determine the reasonable orientation of each module. Then, a perturbing operator of normalized polish expression is modified to generate neighborhood solution, and simulated annealing algorithm is used to search for the optimal floor plan solution. Experimental results indicate that our developed algorithm achieves promising area utilization on the commonly used MCNC benchmark circuits.
Novel Vaccine That Blunts Fentanyl Effects and Sequesters Ultrapotent Fentanyl Analogues (2020)

Active immunization is an emerging potential modality to combat fatal overdose amid the opioid epidemic. In this study, we described the design, synthesis, formulation, and animal testing of an efficacious vaccine against fentanyl. The vaccine formulation is composed of a novel fentanyl hapten conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) and adjuvanted with liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The linker and hapten <i>N</i>-phenyl-<i>N</i>-(1-(4-(3-(tritylthio)propanamido)phenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)propionamide were conjugated sequentially to TT using amine-<i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide-ester and thiol-maleimide reaction chemistries, respectively. Conjugation was facile, efficient, and reproducible with a protein recovery of >98% and a hapten density of 30-35 per carrier protein molecule. In mice, immunization induced high and robust antibody endpoint titers in the order of >10<sup>6</sup> against the hapten. The antisera bound fentanyl, carfentanil, cyclopropyl fentanyl, <i>para</i>-fluorofentanyl, and furanyl fentanyl <i>in vitro</i> with antibody-drug dissociation constants in the range of 0.36-4.66 nM. No cross-reactivity to naloxone, naltrexone, methadone, or buprenorphine was observed. <i>In vivo</i>, immunization shifted the antinociceptive dose-response curve of fentanyl to higher doses. Collectively, these preclinical results showcased the desired traits of a potential vaccine against fentanyl and demonstrated the feasibility of immunization to combat fentanyl-induced effects.
Electroless Nickel / Immersion Gold Process Technology for Improved Ductility of Flex and Rigid-Flex Applications (2005)

ABSTRACT Because of their numerous functional design and application possibilities, the use of flex and rigid-flex PWBs is increasing rapidly. However, this shift poses additional challenges within circuit board fabrication and assembly operations, particularly in terms of the surface finish on the PWB. In response, to improve the reliability of flex and rigid-flex circuit applications, alternative surface finish methods are increasingly being used, such as the electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG) process. To avoid cracking of the nickel during bending, the use of ENIG for flex and rigid-flex circuits has typically required a relatively thin electroless nickel deposit of medium phosphorus content. In this technical paper, the reliability of ENIG with high-phosphorus electroless nickel is examined for such applications. Using electroless nickel deposits of varying thickness and phosphorus content, results of bending tests, hardness, and SEMs are compared to predict reliability of the assembled flexible circuit. In particular, Young's Modulus (stress-to-strain ratio) is evaluated to show a direct relationship between the phosphorus content of the electroless nickel deposit and the ductility of the overall ENIG finish. The ENIG process with high-phosphorus nickel is shown to offer a more reliable surface finish for flex and rigid-flex applications.
Deformable object animation using reduced optimal control (2009)

Keyframe animation is a common technique to generate animations of deformable characters and other soft bodies. With spline interpolation, however, it can be difficult to achieve secondary motion effects such as plausible dynamics when there are thousands of degrees of freedom to animate. Physical methods can provide more realism with less user effort, but it is challenging to apply them to quickly create specific animations that closely follow prescribed animator goals. We present a fast space-time optimization method to author physically based deformable object simulations that conform to animator-specified keyframes. We demonstrate our method with FEM deformable objects and mass-spring systems. Our method minimizes an objective function that penalizes the sum of keyframe deviations plus the deviation of the trajectory from physics. With existing methods, such minimizations operate in high dimensions, are slow, memory consuming, and prone to local minima. We demonstrate that significant computational speedups and robustness improvements can be achieved if the optimization problem is properly solved in a low-dimensional space. Selecting a low-dimensional space so that the intent of the animator is accommodated, and that at the same time space-time optimization is convergent and fast, is difficult. We present a method that generates a quality low-dimensional space using the given keyframes. It is then possible to find quality solutions to difficult space-time optimization problems robustly and in a manner of minutes.
In Vivo Overexpression of IL-13 Receptor α2 Chain Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Human Breast and Pancreatic Tumors in Immunodeficient Mice (2001)

Interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13R(alpha)2) chain is highly expressed on some tumor cell lines and primary cell cultures. This receptor chain plays an important role in ligand binding and internalization. To determine the functional significance of overexpression of this chain, we stably transfected IL-13R(alpha)2 chain in human breast (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic (PANC-1) cancer cell lines that naturally do not express this chain. There was no difference in growth between vector only transfected and IL-13R(alpha)2 chain transfected cells in vitro. However, surprisingly, in immunodeficient mice, tumorigenicity was profoundly inhibited in IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors. Because breast tumors that grew later showed loss of IL-13R(alpha)2 gene expression, lack of tumorigenicity correlated positively with IL-13R(alpha)2 chain expression. Inflammatory cells including neutrophils and macrophages were identified in IL-13R(alpha)2 overexpressing regressing tumors and neutrophils were found to produce IL-13. IL-13 showed a modest antitumor activity to IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors constitutively produced IL-8 that has been shown to have antitumor effect. These results establish a novel function of a cytokine receptor chain and further suggest that the presence of this chain on tumor cells by itself may play a key role in tumorigenicity.
Investigating the Mediating Effect of the Accuracy of Information in the Relationship between IT and the Quality of Healthcare in Hospitals (2011)

The safety and quality of healthcare is of great concern in the United States. Hospital administrators, healthcare providers, and healthcare delivery systems all strive to provide safe and quality care for patients in complex environments. Many have suggested that information technology (IT) may reduce medical errors and increase the quality of healthcare in healthcare organizations. This study investigates how clinical IT may improve the quality of healthcare through its effect on the perceived accuracy of information for clinical decision making available to nurses in hospitals. The study found evidence that IT does positively affect the perceived accuracy of information that, in turn, affects the quality of healthcare in hospitals. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Spread OFDM performance with MMSE equalization (2002)

Upper-bounds on the bit error probability of an OFDM/CDMA system in a single user context are derived for a linear minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) receiver structure. All the calculus are performed in presence of a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel both in a coded (convolutive forward error correcting scheme) and uncoded scenario. Surprisingly, we show that coded SOFDM outperforms COFDM if the signal to noise ratio is greater than a given threshold which only depends on the code rate and not on the code structure. These theoretical results provide tools to optimally combine coding and spreading for increasing the spectral efficiency of OFDM/CDMA schemes.
Enhanced Spurious-Free Dynamic Range Using Mixed Polarization in Optical Single Sideband Mach–Zehnder Modulator (2009)

We analyze in theory, simulation, and experiment the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) for a radio-over-fiber system using an optical single sideband (OSSB) Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) that is linearized using mixed polarization. The mixed polarization OSSB MZM makes use of a dual-electrode z-cut LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> MZM, where a linear polarizer is placed in front and in behind the optical modulator, respectively. It is found that intermodulation distortion can be suppressed significantly regardless of modulation index. Thus intermodulation induced power fading and crosstalk via fiber chromatic dispersion for a given RF carrier is reduced compared to using the conventional OSSB MZM. Improvements of ~ 13 dB in SDFR is predicted in theory, simulation, and demonstrated experimentally.
Nanograin crystalline transformation enhanced UV transparency of annealing refined indium tin oxide film (2009)

This work investigates enhancing UV transmittance and resistivity of indium tin oxide (ITO) film via nanograin crystalline transformation. After annealing, the ITO transforms its crystallinity from amorphous to columnar nanograins, and enriches the Sn–O bonds with absorption at 572 cm−1 to greatly reduce its resistivity to 1.2×10−4 Ω cm. Long-term annealing beyond 475 °C transforms ITO crystallinity to equiaxed nanograins, promoting high UV transmittance of 50%–76% at 325–405 nm but increasing resistivity up to 1.6×10−3 Ω cm. A compromised UV transmittance of &gt;50% and resistivity of &lt;2×10−4 Ω cm can be simultaneously achieved in annealed ITO with hybrid crystallinity of columnar and equiaxed grains.
A Ring-Laser Type Quasi-Optical Oscillator Using Leaky-Wave Antenna (1997)

This paper presents a novel ring-laser type quasi-optical oscillator based on leaky-wave antenna, which can be used as an alternative to conventional configurations employing VCOs. It consists of a gain-control amplifier, a phase-shifter and a microstrip leaky-wave antenna. The feature of this structure is that the leaky-wave antenna not only serves as a radiation element, but also provides oscillation feedback. The beam-scanning capability of this quasi-optical oscillator is also demonstrated experimentally.
<title>Thematic image segmentation by a concept formation algorithm</title> (1994)

Unsupervised empirical machine learning algorithms aim at discovering useful concepts in a stream of unclassified data. Since image segmentation is a particular instance of the problem addressed by these methods, one of these algorithms has been employed to automatically segment remote-sensing images. The region under study is Nepalese Himalayas. Because of important variations in altitude, effects of lighting conditions are multiplied, and the image becomes a very complex object. The behavior of the clustering algorithm is studied on such data. Because of the hierarchical organization of the resulting classes, the segmentation produced may be interpreted in a variety of thematic mappings, depending on the desired level of detail. Experimental results prove the influence of lighting conditions, but also demonstrate very good accuracy on sectors of the image where lighting in almost homogenous.
Image-enhanced YOLOv5 and Deep Sort Underwater Multi-moving Target Tracking Method (2022)

Underwater target tracking has a wide range of applications in the fields of fishery resources research, marine ecological environment exploration and AUV/ROV operating in the deep water. The target tracking method based on deep learning is applied to the underwater environment, the YOLOv5 detection algorithm is used as the detector to identify moving fish under the water and the Deep Sort tracking algorithm is combined to realize the target detection and tracking task. According to the characteristics of complex underwater light conditions and low target contrast, the collected underwater images are enhanced. The experimental results show that the tracking method has a higher accuracy in detecting fish targets, a better tracking effect and a higher real-time tracking performance than YOLOv3, it's dection accuracy can reach 96 %.
An Integrated GIS-Expert System Framework for Live Hazard Monitoring and Detection (2008)

In the context of hazard monitoring, using sensor web technology to monitor anddetect hazardous conditions in near-real-time can result in large amounts of spatial data thatcan be used to drive analysis at an instrumented site. These data can be used for decisionmaking and problem solving, however as with any analysis problem the success ofanalyzing hazard potential is governed by many factors such as: the quality of the sensordata used as input; the meaning that can be derived from those data; the reliability of themodel used to describe the problem; the strength of the analysis methods; and the ability toeffectively communicate the end results of the analysis. For decision makers to make use ofsensor web data these issues must be dealt with to some degree. The work described in thispaper addresses all of these areas by showing how raw sensor data can be automaticallytransformed into a representation which matches a predefined model of the problem context.This model can be understood by analysis software that leverages rule-based logic andinference techniques to reason with, and draw conclusions about, spatial data. These toolsare integrated with a well known Geographic Information System (GIS) and existinggeospatial and sensor web infrastructure standards, providing expert users with the toolsneeded to thoroughly explore a problem site and investigate hazards in any domain.
Coexisting covalent and noncovalent nets: parallel interpenetration of a puckered rectangular coordination polymer and aromatic noncovalent nets (2001)

[Zn(m-isophthalate)(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane)] n·xA (A = benzene, nitrobenzene, toluene, benzaldehyde, dioxane) represent the first examples of parallel interpenetration between noncovalent and metal–organic frameworks.
Applying Ensembles of Multilinear Classifiers in the Frequency Domain (2006)

Ensemble methods such as bootstrap, bagging or boosting have had a considerable impact on recent developments in machine learning, pattern recognition and computer vision. Theoretical and practical results alike have established that, in terms of accuracy, ensembles of weak classifiers generally outperform monolithic solutions. However, this comes at the cost of an extensive training process. The work presented in this paper results from projects on advanced human machine interaction. In scenarios like ours, online learning is a major requirement, and lengthy training is prohibitive. We therefore propose a different approach to ensemble learning. Instead of a set of weak classifiers, we combine strong, separable, multilinear discriminant functions. These are especially suited for computer vision: they train very quickly and allow for rapid classification of image content. Training different classifiers for different contexts or on semantically organized data provides ensembles of experts. We collapse a set of experts into a single multilinear function and thus achieve the same runtime for arbitrarily many classifiers as for a single one. Moreover, carrying out the classification in the frequency domain results in faster framerates. Experiments with image sequences recorded in typical home environments show that our ensemble training schemes yield high accuracy on unconstrained and cluttered data.
An approach to designing reusable service frameworks via virtual service machine (2001)

This paper proposes a new service-computing platform named Virtual Service Machine (VSM). Service computing is a new paradigm for manufacturing IT artifacts, lifting up traditional focus of software development from the level of applications to that of services. Applications are constructed for machines; services are built for people. Applications are targeted to run on a particular platform; services are aimed for serving user's needs. While service computing is getting much more attention than before, its progress is slow and outcomes are not so gratifying. Many service-computing developers are striving to solve the same problems encountered in their counterparts on application development. Middleware is one of many means to address the issue of development barriers for services. However, current forms and functions of middleware software are still impeded by customary mindsets that have been exercised for last couple of decades. We need a new breed of platforms that can further relieve the developers from low-level platform concerns, e.g. hardware, OS, or even middleware itself. VSM is a way towards more effective service- computing development. It provides developers with a reusable service- computing platform to develop their service- based frameworks and applications. This paper proposes an approach of designing reusable service- computing platform via VSM. VSM works by taking incoming service requests and converting them to the executable tasks of the underlying middleware or machine that it is running on. This paper emphasizes on presenting the functionality and major components inside VSM. The comparative study with other service- computing platforms with not be the focus of this paper.
Tool Wear Assessment During Machining of Inconel 718 (2017)

Machining of superalloy Inconel 718 would have established some issues like, inability of the tool materials to sustain for a longer duration due to the work hardening effect and very high cutting forces causes metallurgical damage on the work pieces. This research paper focuses on the tool life issues of different tool materials associated with the turning of Inconel 718 under different cutting conditions. Further, it is significant to identify the parameters that cause the machining characteristics, in particular the flank wear and to understand the relationship they have with the different controllable parameters. Turning experiments on Inconel – 718 were investigated under different cutting conditions using three controllable parameters namely feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut. Three different cutting tools such as PVD TiAlN coated carbide inserts, Al2O3 – TiC Ceramic and cBN inserts with constant tool geometry were used for all experimental trials. The flank wear occurred on the inserts during every trail are measured and recorded using CARL ZIESS Optical Microscope having 50 X to 1500 X magnification, equipped with Clemex Vision Professional Edition Image Analysis Software. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations were made to understand the wear pattern encountered by different tool materials. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to understand the percentage influence of all the cutting parameters on the flank wear.