gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of the new thermosetting monomers and phthalocyanine polymers with ester—imide linkages (1985)

Abstract The study described here deals with the methods of synthesis of two new bisphthalonitrile derivatives with ester—imide linkages and their polymerization. Optimum conditions for the synthesis and characterization of the bisphthalic anhydrides, bisphthalonitriles, and polymers are developed using IR spectral, differential scanning calorimetric, dynamic thermogravimetric analytical, and mass spectral studies. These new polymers showed good thermal stability and chemical inertness. The polymers showed char yield of 50% at 800°C in nitrogen atmosphere. These thermosetting phthalocyanine polymers are expected to be useful in various applications such as the production of moulded articles and laminates.
Novel cell-penetrating peptide-adaptors effect intracellular delivery and endosomal escape of protein cargos (2016)

The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as biomolecular delivery vehicles holds great promise for therapeutic and other applications, but development has been stymied by poor delivery and lack of endosomal escape. We have developed a CPP-adaptor system capable of efficient intracellular delivery and endosomal escape of user-defined protein cargos. The cell-penetrating sequence of HIV transactivator of transcription was fused to calmodulin, which binds with subnanomolar affinity to proteins containing a calmodulin binding site. Our strategy has tremendous advantage over prior CPP technologies because it utilizes high-affinity non-covalent, but reversible coupling between CPP and cargo. Three different cargo proteins fused to a calmodulin binding sequence were delivered to the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and released, demonstrating the feasibility of numerous applications in living cells including alteration of signaling pathways and gene expression.
Dispatchable Generation of a Novel Compressed-Air Assisted Wind Turbine and Its Operation Mechanism (2018)

The intermittency of the wind resource and limitation of wind turbines (WT) create underutilization of wind power and a significant barrier to the dispatchability of WT. The industrial solutions to mitigate these issues are to improve turbine electronics and to integrate either storage or a gas turbine with a large regulation capacity to a wind farm. This paper proposes a novel configuration, i.e., a compressed-air-assisted wind turbine (CA-WT), to recycle the mechanical spillage and refill the capacity vacancy, which increases the total generation, and dispatchability of WT. The proposed CA-WT integrates an adaptive structure, which is composed of a continuous variable transmission, variable displacement machine, and air tank, to mitigate the deviation between wind energy and load. We develop systematic models and regulation strategies for each component of the dispatchable CA-WT. Case studies are conducted to compare the performance between the CA-WT and WT in the autonomous and gridconnection operation. The results justified the effectiveness of the proposed CA-WT structure and regulation strategies in realizing a dispatchable wind energy conversion system.
Mithramycin 2′-Oximes with Improved Selectivity, Pharmacokinetics, and Ewing Sarcoma Antitumor Efficacy (2020)

Mithramycin A (MTM) inhibits the oncogenic transcription factor EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma, but poor pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicity limit its clinical use. To address this limitation, we report an efficient MTM 2'-oxime (MTM<sub>ox</sub>) conjugation strategy for rapid MTM diversification. Comparative cytotoxicity assays of 41 MTM<sub>ox</sub> analogues using E-twenty-six (ETS) fusion-dependent and ETS fusion-independent cancer cell lines revealed improved ETS fusion-independent/dependent selectivity indices for select 2'-conjugated analogues as compared to MTM. Luciferase-based reporter assays demonstrated target engagement at low nM concentrations, and molecular assays revealed that analogues inhibit the transcriptional activity of EWS-FLI1. These in vitro screens identified <b>MTM</b><sub><b>ox</b></sub><b>32<i>E</i></b> (a Phe-Trp dipeptide-based 2'-conjugate) for in vivo testing. Relative to MTM, <b>MTM</b><sub><b>ox</b></sub><b>32<i>E</i></b> displayed an 11-fold increase in plasma exposure and improved efficacy in an Ewing sarcoma xenograft. Importantly, these studies are the first to point to simple C3 aliphatic side-chain modification of MTM as an effective strategy to improve PK.
Driving Task Demand-Based Distraction Mitigation (2009)

This chapter focuses on the adaptive interface technology approach of mitigating driver distraction. The major research programs that have been undertaken to develop and evaluate adaptive interface technologies are first reviewed, and an experiment is then described that has been carried out to determine driving task demand using variables collected from in-vehicle sensors. Research is also discussed on the 2 distraction mitigation strategies: 1) the intervention strategy that provides demand-based distraction feedback to drivers; and 2) the prevention strategy that locks out certain nondriving tasks and delivers demand-based advisories, which are designed to discourage drivers from engaging in certain nondriving tasks.
Hydrogen peroxide-based decontamination of chemical warfare agents (2010)

Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are rapidly decontaminated using a hydrogen peroxide-based decontamination solution. In the weakly-basic decontaminant (pH 8) – activated and buffered with bicarbonate, molybdate, and citrate – nerve agents such as VX and GD undergo perhydrolysis (OOH) whereas the blister agent HD is catalytically oxidized, primarily, by tetraperoxomolybdate [Mo(OO)] to the non-vesicant sulfoxide. The decontaminant, once mixed, exhibits remarkable stability, maintaining efficacy (pot-life) for at least 12 h. On non-sorptive, non-porous surfaces such as aluminum, the decontaminant decontaminates VX, GD, and HD to below acceptable levels (i.e., < 0.078, 1.67, and 10.0 μg/cm, respectively).
Natural Strain Variation and Antibody Neutralization of Dengue Serotype 3 Viruses (2010)

Dengue viruses (DENVs) are emerging, mosquito-borne flaviviruses which cause dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The DENV complex consists of 4 serotypes designated DENV1-DENV4. Following natural infection with DENV, individuals develop serotype specific, neutralizing antibody responses. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been used to map neutralizing epitopes on dengue and other flaviviruses. Most serotype-specific, neutralizing MAbs bind to the lateral ridge of domain III of E protein (EDIII). It has been widely assumed that the EDIII lateral ridge epitope is conserved within each DENV serotype and a good target for vaccines. Using phylogenetic methods, we compared the amino acid sequence of 175 E proteins representing the different genotypes of DENV3 and identified a panel of surface exposed amino acids, including residues in EDIII, that are highly variant across the four DENV3 genotypes. The variable amino acids include six residues at the lateral ridge of EDIII. We used a panel of DENV3 mouse MAbs to assess the functional significance of naturally occurring amino acid variation. From the panel of antibodies, we identified three neutralizing MAbs that bound to EDIII of DENV3. Recombinant proteins and naturally occurring variant viruses were used to map the binding sites of the three MAbs. The three MAbs bound to overlapping but distinct epitopes on EDIII. Our empirical studies clearly demonstrate that the antibody binding and neutralization capacity of two MAbs was strongly influenced by naturally occurring mutations in DENV3. Our data demonstrate that the lateral ridge "type specific" epitope is not conserved between strains of DENV3. This variability should be considered when designing and evaluating DENV vaccines, especially those targeting EDIII.
Moving slab Nd:glass laser: experimental results (1986)

The average power output from a Nd:glass slab laser is limited by thermal stress fracture because of the low thermal conductivity of glass. The moving slab laser concept increases the average output power much beyond the limit of the static slab lasers. In the moving slab laser the average thermal power is dissipated over the area of the slab while the gain is concentrated in a small region. The result is a gain enhancement and average power scaling of the area of the slab. In our first design we used a Brewster angle cut, zigzag path rectilinear slab of LHG-5 glass, 16.7 × 15 × 0.44 cm, which moved back and forth between two 4-mm diam krypton lamps and metal cooling plates by means of a computer-controlled linear motor. Static helium gas was used to thermally couple the glass to the cooling plates. At the limit of our power supply we obtained 43.8 W of average laser at 276 J/pulse and at 10-Hz repetition rate. At 30-Hz repetition rate and at 32 J/pulse the laser output was 13.5 W. The moving slab Nd:glass laser is in the process of scaling up to 300-W and 1-kW average power levels in two states of development.
A Magnetorheological Damper with Bifold Valves for Shock and Vibration Mitigation (2007)

This study presents the design and fabrication of a flow-mode bifold magnetorheological (MR) damper for shock and vibration mitigation for high piston velocity (15 mph or 6.75 m/s) as well as an evaluation of its performance at low speed. Based on a Bingham-plastic (BP) model, as well as a BP model coupled with a low speed hysteresis model, two theoretical MR damper models for flow-mode MR dampers are constructed. Using the design strategy associated with the Bingham-model based damper model, two MR damper designs for achieving the performance requirement with a limited space are considered: first, the conventional MR damper that has an MR valve inside the piston head and second, the bifold MR damper that has MR valves at each end of the damper. After numerically comparing the damping performances of the two MR damper designs, the bifold MR damper has been chosen because its dynamic range is better at high speed. The bifold MR damper was tested at a relatively low piston velocity using an MTS testing machine under sinusoidal loading. Experimental data compare well with the results predicted by the theoretical models.
Degradation Mechanism and Reliability of Flip-Chip Interconnects using Anisotropic Conductive Adhesives for High Current Density Packaging Applications (2006)

In this paper, we investigated the degradation mechanism and the reliability behaviors of flip chip joint using anisotropic conductive adhesives (ACAs) and Au bumped chip under high current density. The current carrying capability and current stressing reliability of flip chip assembly using three different types of ACAs were performed to investigate the effect of thermal conductivity of ACA and the conductive particle type on the current carrying capability and current stressing reliability of ACA flip chip joints. For the ACA materials, we prepared two conventional ACAs with different conductive fillers, which are thermally non-conductive, and one thermally conductive ACA. For the conductive fillers, we incorporated Au coated polymer balls and metallic Ni balls in 5 /spl mu/m diameter. For the thermally conductive ACA materials, we incorporated thermally conductive fillers of silicon carbide with less than 1 /spl mu/m diameter in the conventional ACA formulation. The thermal conductivity and thermo-mechanical properties of three ACAs such as thermal conductivity, cure behavior, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were measured in comparison. The current carrying capabilities and current stressing reliabilities of flip chip joints using ACAs with different conductive filler type, thermal conductivity and physical properties were investigated. The current carrying capability and electrical reliability of flip chip joints using enhanced thermally conductive ACAs were improved due to high thermal conductivity. The failure analysis including cross-section SEM works shows that the interface degradation and adhesive swelling are main degradation mechanism of the high current density interconnection of flip chip assembly using conventional ACA, in which high junction temperature enhance such thermally induced degradation mechanism. The improved current carrying capability and current stressing reliability of flip chip assembly using thermally conductive ACAs were due to reduced interface and adhesive degradation through easy heat dissipation of adhesive that bring slow down of thermally induced degradation mechanism. There were no degradations of ACA flip chip joints using Ni-filled ACA and Au-coated polymer-filled ACA up to 200 hrs under 3.0 A current stress.
Ohmic contacts to semiconducting diamond (1988)

A solid-state reaction process for producing ohmic contacts to polished natural semiconducting diamond surfaces is discussed. The approach attempts to systematically characterize the processes which occur when metallic films of known thickness are deposited on a smooth diamond surface and annealed in the solid state under controlled conditions. Annealed tantalum/gold and titanium/gold deposits on
<title>Wireless integrated network sensors (WINS)</title> (1999)

Wireless Integrated Network Systems (WINS) provide distributed network and Internet access to sensors, controls, and processors that are deeply embedded in equipment, facilities, and the environment. The WINS network is a new monitoring and control capability for applications in transportation, manufacturing, health care, environmental monitoring, and safety and security. WINS combine microsensor technology, low power signal processing, low power computation, and low power, low cost wireless networking capability in a compact system. WINS networks will provide sensing, local control, and embedded intelligent systems in structures, materials, and environments. This paper describes the WINS architecture and WINS technology components including sensor interface and WINS event recognition systems.
Achromatic prism/grating and double-grating waveguide input/output couplers (1991)

Input/output couplers are important components of many devices incorporating integrated-optical circuits. Prism couplers and grating couplers are two of the most common types of coupler in use; however, the sensitivity of the coupling characteristics to variations in the wavelength of the light can significantly limit their usefulness for many applications and/or placed tight constraints on other system components. Even thermal fluctuations associated with laser diodes can cause unacceptable changes in the performance of these components. In this paper, we show that the use of a compensating grating external to the waveguide can improve the usable wavelength range for the conventional couplers by several orders of magnitude. For double-grating couplers wavelength ranges of the order of 12 nm are shown to be possible for typical waveguide materials, and for prism/grating couplers the range can be as large as 40-200 nm, making broadband operation possible. Experimental results are presented which show excellent agreement with the theoretically predicted values.
C-testable multipliers based on the modified Booth algorithm (2002)

In this paper we show that the conventional implementation of the multiplier based on the modified Booth algorithm with 2-bit recording is not C-testable and then we propose simple modifications that result in a C-testable design. A test set of 80 vectors is sufficient to test each cell of our multiplier exhaustively, irrespectively of its size. All single stuck-at faults are detectable with only 31 test vectors. The number of the required extra primary inputs is only two, while both the hardware and delay overhead are very small and decrease with increasing N. For example, for our C-testable design of the 64/spl times/64 multiplier, the hardware overhead is 1.60% and the delay overhead is 9.76%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
iDistance (2005)

In this article, we present an efficient B + -tree based indexing method, called iDistance, for K-nearest neighbor (KNN) search in a high-dimensional metric space. iDistance partitions the data based on a space- or data-partitioning strategy, and selects a reference point for each partition. The data points in each partition are transformed into a single dimensional value based on their similarity with respect to the reference point. This allows the points to be indexed using a B + -tree structure and KNN search to be performed using one-dimensional range search. The choice of partition and reference points adapts the index structure to the data distribution.We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the iDistance technique, and report results demonstrating its effectiveness. We also present a cost model for iDistance KNN search, which can be exploited in query optimization.
Statistical Mechanics of Steiner Trees (2008)

The minimum weight Steiner tree (MST) is an important combinatorial optimization problem over networks that has applications in a wide range of fields. Here we discuss a general technique to translate the imposed global connectivity constrain into many local ones that can be analyzed with cavity equation techniques. This approach leads to a new optimization algorithm for MST and allows us to analyze the statistical mechanics properties of MST on random graphs of various types.
Taming the Mobile Data Deluge With Drop Zones (2011)

Human communication has changed by the advent of smartphones. Using commonplace mobile device features, they started uploading large amounts of content that increases. This increase in demand will overwhelm capacity and limits the providers' ability to provide the quality of service demanded by their users. In the absence of technical solutions, cellular network providers are considering changing billing plans to address this. Our contributions are twofold. First, by analyzing user content upload behavior, we find that the user-generated content problem is a user behavioral problem. Particularly, by analyzing user mobility and data logs of 2 million users of one of the largest US cellular providers, we find that: 1) users upload content from a small number of locations; 2) because such locations are different for users, we find that the problem appears ubiquitous. However, we find that: 3) there exists a significant lag between content generation and uploading times, and 4) with respect to users, it is always the same users to delay. Second, we propose a cellular network architecture. Our approach proposes capacity upgrades at a select number of locations called Drop Zones. Although not particularly popular for uploads originally, Drop Zones seamlessly fall within the natural movement patterns of a large number of users. They are therefore suited for uploading larger quantities of content in a postponed manner. We design infrastructure placement algorithms and demonstrate that by upgrading infrastructure in only 963 base stations across the entire US, it is possible to deliver 50% of content via Drop Zones.
The Juxtamembrane Regions of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and gpl85<i><sup>erbB-2</sup></i> Determine the Specificity of Signal Transduction (1991)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and gp185erbB-2 are closely related tyrosine kinases. Despite extensive sequence and structural homology, these two receptors display quantitative and qualitative differences in their ability to couple with mitogenic signalling pathways. By using chimeric molecules between EGFR and erbB-2, we found that the determinants responsible for the specificity of mitogenic signal transduction are located in the amino-terminal half of the tyrosine kinase domain of either receptor. In the EGFR, mutational analysis within this subdomain revealed that deletion of residues 660 to 667 impaired receptor mitogenic activity without affecting its tyrosine kinase properties. This sequence is therefore likely to contribute to the specificity of substrate recognition by the EGFR kinase.
Hydrodabcyl: A Superior Hydrophilic Alternative to the Dark Fluorescence Quencher Dabcyl (2017)

Dark fluorescence quenchers are nonfluorescent dyes that can modulate the fluorescence signal of an appropriate fluorophore donor in a distance-dependent manner. Dark quenchers are extensively used in many biomolecular analytical applications, such as studies with fluorogenic protease substrates or nucleic acids probes. A very popular dark fluorescence quencher is dabcyl, which is a hydrophobic azobenzene derivative. However, its insolubility in water may constitute a major drawback, especially during the investigation of biochemical systems whose natural solvent is water. We designed and synthesized a new azobenzene-based dark quencher with excellent solubility in aqueous media, which represents a superior alternative to the much-used dabcyl. The advantage of hydrodabcyl over dabcyl is exemplarily demonstrated for the cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate hydrodabcyl-Ser-Phe-EDANS by the proteases thermolysin and papain.
3D transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy using a mechanical imaging and needle-guidance system (2008)

Prostate biopsy procedures are generally limited to 2D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging for biopsy needle guidance. This limitation results in needle position ambiguity and an insufficient record of biopsy core locations in cases of prostate re-biopsy. We have developed a multi-jointed mechanical device that supports a commercially available TRUS probe with an integrated needle guide for precision prostate biopsy. The device is fixed at the base, allowing the joints to be manually manipulated while fully supporting its weight throughout its full range of motion. Means are provided to track the needle trajectory and display this trajectory on a corresponding TRUS image. This allows the physician to aim the needle-guide at predefined targets within the prostate, providing true 3D navigation. The tracker has been designed for use with several end-fired transducers that can be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the probe to generate 3D images. The tracker reduces the variability associated with conventional hand-held probes, while preserving user familiarity and procedural workflow. In a prostate phantom, biopsy needles were guided to within 2 mm of their targets, and the 3D location of the biopsy core was accurate to within 3 mm. The 3D navigation system is validated in the presence of prostate motion in a preliminary patient study.
Conductive Metal Oxide Thin Film Ferroelectric Memory Transistor (2004)

Abstract One-transistor (1T) memory devices with MFMPIS (Metal, Ferroelectrics, Metal, Polysilicon, Insulator, Semiconductor) and MFMIS (Metal, Ferroelectrics, Metal, Insulator, Semiconductor) structures have been widely studied. These memory devices exhibit very good switching property but very poor retention properties. Three possible mechanisms are responsible for the poor retention of 1T ferroelectric memories: namely, leakage current with charges trapping within the ferroelectric film, floating gate effect, and the depolarization field. The gate stack of ferroelectric memory transistor consists of a top electrode, a ferroelectric layer, a bottom electrode, and a gate insulator. The bottom electrode is a floating electrode acting as a floating gate. As long as there is field across the ferroelectric thin film there is leakage current. The leakage current charge up the floating gate, the charge accumulation at the floating gate neutralizes the polarization charge at the ferroelectric material and causes the device to loss memory property. In order to overcome this problem we fabricated a metal/ferroelectric on semiconductive metal oxide on silicon substrate structure. There is no insulator in the gate stack. These device structures do not have floating gate and the very low de-polarization field. Therefore, the memory retention time can be very long. In this paper, we will report the integration processes and the working MFMoxS device properties with improved retention properties. Keywords: ferroelectrics1T FeRAMconductive gate oxideMOCVD