gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromyography of the human uterus (1988)

The quality of smooth musculature in the human cervix is small. To determine the role of this musculature during labor, its electromyographic (EMG) activity was studied. In 13 parturient women of different parity and with various degrees of cervical ripeness at the onset of labor, the cervical EMG activity was measured throughout the entire course of labor in synchronization with intrauterine pressure measurements and in some cases in synchronization with measurements of the uterine corpus EMG activity. The conditions necessary for successful measurements are described. Differences were found between cervical EMG activities in primiparas and multiparas, ripe and unripe cervices, and the uterine corpus and the cervix, as well as changes in cervical EMG activities after application of oxitocin and spasmoanalgetics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 0.6mW/Gbps, 6.4–8.0Gbps serial link receiver using local injection-locked ring oscillators in 90nm CMOS (2009)

This paper describes a quad-channel, 6.4–8Gbps serial link receiver testchip using a global forwarded clock distribution coupled to local injection-locked ring oscillators in 90nm CMOS. Each receiver consists of a low-power linear equalizer, four offset-cancelled quantizers for 1:4 demultiplexing, and an injection-locked ring oscillator for greater than one UI of phase deskew. Measured results show a 6.4–7.2Gbps data rate with BER ≪ 10−15 across 10cm of FR4 backplane, and 8.0Gpbs data rate with direct input. Designed in a 1.2V, 90nm CMOS process, the area of each receiver is 0.0174mm2, with a measured power efficiency of 0.6mW/Gbps.
A Distinct Interaction Mode Revealed by the Crystal Structure of the Kinase p38α with the MAPK Binding Domain of the Phosphatase MKP5 (2011)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a pivotal role in a myriad of cellular functions. The specificity and efficiency of MAPK signaling are controlled by docking interactions between MAPKs and their cognate proteins. Many MAPK-interacting partners, including substrates, MAPK kinases, phosphatases, and scaffolding proteins, have linear sequence motifs that mediate the interaction with the common docking site on MAPKs. We report the crystal structure of p38α in complex with the MAPK binding domain (KBD) from MAPK phosphatase 5 (MKP5) at 2.7 Å resolution. In contrast to the well-known docking mode, the KBD binds p38α in a bipartite manner, in which two distinct helical regions of KBD engage the p38α docking site, which is situated on the back of the p38α active site. We also determined the crystal structure of the KBD of MKP7, which closely resembles the MKP5 KBD, suggesting that the mechanism of molecular recognition by the KBD of MKP5 is conserved in the cytoplasmic p38- and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-specific MKP subgroup. This previously unknown binding mode provides new insights into how MAPKs interact with their binding partners to achieve functional specificity.
Alpha and Beta Synucleins: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Application as Biomarkers (2022)

The synuclein family includes three neuronal proteins, named α-synuclein, β-synuclein, and γ-synuclein, that have peculiar structural features. α-synuclein is largely known for being a key protein in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, namely, dementia with Lewy bodies and multisystem atrophy. The role of β-synuclein and γ-synuclein is less well understood in terms of physiological functions and potential contribution to human diseases. α-synuclein has been investigated extensively in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood as a potential biomarker for synucleinopathies. Recently, great attention has been also paid to β-synuclein, whose CSF and blood levels seem to reflect synaptic damage and neurodegeneration independent of the presence of synucleinopathy. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the pathophysiological roles of the synucleins. Because γ-synuclein has been poorly investigated in the field of synucleinopathy and its pathophysiological roles are far from being clear, we focus on the interactions between α-synuclein and β-synuclein in PD. We also discuss the role of α-synuclein and β-synuclein as potential biomarkers to improve the diagnostic characterization of synucleinopathies, thus highlighting their potential application in clinical trials for disease-modifying therapies. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
<b>Long-term stability of cefuroxime and cefazolin sodium in intravenous infusions</b> (1996)

Cefazolin and cefuroxime sodium are often used as antibiotic infusions for hospitalized patients. Because advance preparation of these intravenous solutions is efficient, the stability of both antibiotics stored at 4 degrees C in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags was studied. Five bags of solutions containing either 1 g of cefazolin sodium or 1.5 g of cefuroxime sodium per 100 ml of 5% dextrose were studied for 1 month by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), visual inspection and pH measurement. No colour change or precipitation was observed. The pH values of both drugs increased significantly over the period of study. Based on a shelf-life of 90% residual potency, the cefuroxime sodium concentration was stable for 13 days when stored at 4 degrees C, and the cefazolin sodium concentration was stable for at least 30 days at 4 degrees C. Within these limits, both antibiotics may be prepared in advance by a centralized intravenous admixture service.
Broadband blade monopole antenna covering 100&#x2013;2000 MHz frequency band (2009)

In this paper, design and development of broadband blade monopole antenna covering 100 MHz - 2000 MHz is presented with measured results. A broadband impedance matching circuit has been designed and developed to match the frequency dependent antenna impedance to 50¿ system. The antenna shows VSWR ¿ 3:1 over 100 MHz to 590 MHz and ¿ 2.1:1 above 590 MHz. Blade monopole antennas are preferred antenna configurations for airborne platforms due to lower drag offered by them. The metallic skin of the platforms can be used as a ground plane of the antenna to balance it electrically. The DC grounding is also provided through impedance matching circuit for lightning protection.
The reversible P2Y<sub>12</sub>antagonist ACT‐246475 causes significantly less blood loss than ticagrelor at equivalent antithrombotic efficacy in rat (2017)

The P2Y<sub>12</sub> receptor is a validated target for prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare two direct-acting, reversible P2Y<sub>12</sub> antagonists, ACT-246475 and ticagrelor, in a rat thrombosis model by simultaneous quantification of their antithrombotic efficacy and surgery-induced blood loss. Blood flow velocity was assessed in the carotid artery after FeCl<sub>3</sub> -induced thrombus formation using a Doppler flow probe. At the same time, blood loss after surgical wounding of the spleen was quantified. Continuous infusions of ACT-246475 and ticagrelor prevented the injury-induced reduction of blood flow in a dose-dependent manner. High doses of both antagonists normalized blood flow and completely abolished thrombus formation as confirmed by histology. Intermediate doses restored baseline blood flow to ≥65%. However, ACT-246475 caused significantly less increase of blood loss than ticagrelor; the difference in blood loss was 2.6-fold (P < 0.01) at high doses and 2.7-fold (P < 0.05) at intermediate doses. Potential reasons for this unexpected difference were explored by measuring the effects of ACT-246475 and ticagrelor on vascular tone. At concentrations needed to achieve maximal antithrombotic efficacy, ticagrelor compared with ACT-246475 significantly increased carotid blood flow velocity in vivo (P = 0.003), induced vasorelaxation of precontracted rat femoral arteries, and inhibited contraction of femoral artery induced by electrical field stimulation or by phenylephrine. Overall, ACT-246475 showed a significantly wider therapeutic window than ticagrelor. The absence of vasodilatory effects due to high selectivity of ACT-246475 for P2Y<sub>12</sub> provides potential arguments for the observed safety advantage of ACT-246475 over ticagrelor.
Neutralization of HIV-1 (1994)

A Workshop on Neutralization of HIV-1: Technology and reagents for analysis of prophylactic vaccines clinical trials, sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), was held on April 19-20, 1993, in Bethesda, Maryland. This workshop brought together researchers who are involved in the development, testing, and evaluation of HIV-1 prophylactic vaccines. The major objectives were (1) to discuss critically the different neutralization and binding assays that are currently used in the evaluation of immune sera; (2) to identify assays that will measure the "most relevant" antibodies, which are likely to predict neutralization of primary isolates; and (3) to identify well-characterized reference reagents, which could be used to standardize neutralization assays used in laboratories around the world.
Laboratory-acquired Chagas disease (1987)

A laboratory technician developed fever, malaise, headache and non-tender erythematous swelling proximal to the site of accidental inoculation of his thumb, 24 days earlier, with a needle contaminated with Trypanosoma cruzi. Findings included a characteristic rash, remarkable fever, relative bradycardia and leukopaenia--T lymphopaenia with maintenance of a normal helper/suppressor ratio. Trypanosomes were not detected in blood concentrates or in biopsies of an enlarged lymph node and a skin lesion. T. cruzi antibody was first detected 33 days after the laboratory accident, when parasites were first isolated. Therapy with nifurtimox was well tolerated and the patient's serology became negative 9 months after the accident.
Novel markers of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells identified using a quantitative proteomics approach (2013)

Today, the tool that is most commonly used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro is the demonstration of the expression of multiple relevant markers, such as ALP, RUNX2 and OCN. However, as yet, there is no single surface marker or panel of markers which clearly defines human BMSCs (hBMSCs) differentiating towards the osteogenic lineage. The aim of this study was therefore to examine this issue. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics was utilized to investigate differently expressed surface markers in osteogenically differentiated and undifferentiated hBMSCs. Labeled membrane proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) and 52 proteins with an expression ratio above 2, between osteogenically differentiated and undifferentiated cells, were identified. Subsequent validation, by flow cytometry and ELISA, of the SILAC expression ratios for a number of these proteins and investigations of the lineage specificity of three candidate markers were performed. The surface markers, CD10 and CD92, demonstrated significantly increased expression in hBMSCs differentiated towards the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. In addition, there was a slight increase in CD10 expression during chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the expression of the intracellular protein, crystalline-αB (CRYaB), was only significantly increased in osteogenically differentiated hBMSCs and not affected during differentiation towards the chondrogenic or adipogenic lineages. It has been concluded from the present results that CD10 and CD92 are potential markers of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and that CRYaB is a potential novel osteogenic marker specifically expressed during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro.
Vanadium Dioxide: A Peierls-Mott Insulator Stable against Disorder (2012)

Vanadium dioxide undergoes a first order metal-insulator transition at 340 K. In this Letter, we develop and carry out state-of-the-art linear scaling density-functional theory calculations refined with nonlocal dynamical mean-field theory. We identify a complex mechanism, a Peierls-assisted orbital selection Mott instability, which is responsible for the insulating M(1) phase, and which furthermore survives a moderate degree of disorder.
SNR improvement of DPSK signals in a semiconductor optical regenerative amplifier (2005)

Signal-to-noise ratio improvement using a semiconductor optical regenerative amplifier (SORA) is characterized. It is demonstrated that for a noise-degraded return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying signal at 10 Gb/s the Q factor at the SORA's output is improved relative to its input for both the phase and amplitude noise cases. The Q-factor improvement is 1.6 dB in single-channel operation for the phase-noise only case and 0.55 dB for the amplified spontaneous emission noise-only case through the SORA.
Anatomy of Herpes Simplex Virus DNA. IX. Apparent Exclusion of Some Parental DNA Arrangements in the Generation of Intertypic (HSV-1 × HSV-2) Recombinants (1977)

We are reporting the physical location of parental DNA sequences in 28 recombinants produced by crossing herpes simplex viruses (HSV) 1 and 2. The parental crosses were of two kinds. In the first, temperature-sensitive mutants of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were crossed to produce wild-type recombinants. In the second, temperature-sensitive mutants of HSV-1 rendered resistant to phosphonoacetic acid were crossed with wild-type HSV-2, and recombinants that multiplied at nonpermissive temperature and were resistant to the drug were selected. The DNAs of the recombinants were mapped with XbaI, EcoRI, HpaI, HsuI, BglII, and, in some instances, KpnI restriction endonucleases. The results were as follows. (i) We established the colinear arrangements of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNAs. (ii) There was extensive interchange of genomic regions, ranging from the exchange or the entire L of S component of HSV DNA to substitutions of regions within the same component. In some recombinants, the reiterated sequences ab and ac bracketing the L and S components of HSV DNA were heterotypic. Most recombinants grew well and showed no obvious defects. (iii) The number of crossover events ranged from one to as many as six. Although crossover events occurred throughout the DNA, some clustering of crossover events was observed. (iv) Analysis of recombinants permitted localization of several markers used in this study and appears to be a useful technique for marker mapping. (v) As previously reported, HSV DNA consists of four populations, differing in relative orientation of the L and S components. All recombinants could be displayed in one arrangement of L and S such that the number of crossover events was minimized. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that only one arrangement of the parental DNA participates in the generation of recombinants.
P2u purinoceptor stimulation of surfactant secretion coupled to phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis in type II cells (1994)

ATP is known to stimulate surfactant phospholipid secretion in type II cells, and there is evidence that this effect is mediated by a P2 purinoceptor. At least five subtypes of the P2 receptor have been reported, but it is not clear which one exists on the type II cell. To determine whether it is the P2u subtype, at which UTP is equipotent with ATP, we have compared the effects of ATP and UTP on phosphatidylcholine secretion and second messenger formation in primary cultures of rat type II cells. ATP and UTP were equally potent in stimulating phosphatidylcholine secretion and phospholipase D activation. The potency order, UTP = ATP > ADP > 2-methylthio-ATP, was the same as that reported for the P2u receptor. UTP stimulated diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid formation to the same extent as ATP. ATP also increased choline formation. Formation of diacylglycerol was biphasic, and the first peak in response to ATP was previously shown to be associated with inositol trisphosphate formation. Northern analysis showed that the P2u receptor gene was expressed to a greater extent in type II cells than in whole lung. These data suggest that ATP and UTP act via a P2u receptor that is coupled to phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C with subsequent activation of phospholipase D acting on phosphatidylcholine. ATP has also been reported to act at an additional type II cell receptor coupled to adenylate cyclase. In contrast, UTP did not promote adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate formation and therefore does not act at that receptor.
Object Classification Considering Movability Based on Shape Features with Parts Decomposition (2015)

It is important for a robot to have an ability to classify the objects in the environment. In the people living environment such as offices, for the purpose of obstacle avoidance or object operation, it is desirable for a robot to recognize objects that have potentials to move. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to classify the objects into the movable ones to omni-direction such as chairs with casters, moved ones usually by people such as chairs without any casters, the ones with wheels restricted moving direction such as platform trucks, the ones simply with wheels, and other objects. We use a depth camera that provides point clouds of the object: 1) We extract objects from input point cloud. 2) We segment the object into part elements by comparing horizontal sectional shapes at each height. 3) We distinguish the objects whether it has wheels or not by extracting circular shape. 4) We classify shape distribution of each part elements by principal component analysis. 5) We merge part elements which is same shape distribution, to decompose objects into parts. 6) Finally we classify the objects by shape features of the parts of objects. Furthermore, we have experiments of the classification of objects in consideration of movability in the indoor environment by a robot. The robot was able to classify correctly almost all movable objects in the room. As the experimental result, the robot was able to recognize almost all movable objects in the room.
Copper-catalyzed condensation of imines and α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds: modular and regiocontrolled synthesis of multisubstituted pyrroles (2015)

In the presence of a copper(ii) catalyst, enolizable imines bearing various <i>N</i>-substituents and α-diazo-β-ketoesters undergo denitrogenative and dehydrative condensation to afford highly substituted pyrroles in moderate to good yields with exclusive regioselectivity. The reaction likely involves nucleophilic addition of the imine nitrogen to a copper carbenoid, tautomerization of the resulting azomethine ylide to an α-enaminoketone, and a subsequent enamine-ketone cyclocondensation. With Yb(OTf)<sub>3</sub> as a unique cocatalyst, α-diazo-β-diketones also participate in the same condensation reaction. The present reaction is applicable to acyclic, exocyclic, and endocyclic imines with tolerance of a broad range of functional groups and heterocyclic moieties, thus opening a new convenient route for the synthesis of the lamellarin family of natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: An Eco‐Friendly, Hantzsch‐Based, Solvent‐Free Approach to 2‐Aminothiazoles and 2‐Aminoselenazoles. (2016)

Abstract A very fast method for the synthesis of the title thiazoles and selenazoles through Hantzsch cyclization starting from thiourea and selenurea, resp., is developed.
The blue-shift effect of the ion-milling-formed HgCdTe photodiodes (2008)

Ion milling-formed n-on-p diodes of HgCdTe were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. A sequence of spectra measured across a square junction show that the luminescence peaks of the ion-eroded region shifted strongly to shorter wavelength than those defined by monolithic material. This shift may be well interpreted in terms of Burstein-Moss (BM) effect and is important to device fabrication.
Experimental analysis of orbital angular momentum-carrying beams in turbulence (2011)

In a laboratory experiment we generate, propagate, and detect laser vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) by means of spatial light modulators (SLMs). We show that beams with OAM states from - 20 to +20 can be effectively generated using different types of phase gratings, and that excellent contrast between adjacent OAM modes is achieved. A weak turbulent air flow is induced on the propagation path to emulate the effects of atmospheric turbulence. By characterizing the effects of optical turbulence on the modal crosstalk among received OAM states we show that it is possible to distinguish them for the purpose of increasing the data throughput of a laser communication link in weak turbulence. It is also demonstrated that by increasing the complexity of the receiver, optical separation of the OAM modes is possible at stronger turbulence conditions.
Algorithms and Data Structures for New Models of Computation (2021)

In the early days of computer science, the community settled on a simple standard model of computing and a basic canon of general purpose algorithms and data structures suited to that model. With isochronous computing, heterogeneous multiprocessors, flash memory, energy-aware computing, cache and other anisotropic memory, distributed computing, streaming environments, functional languages, graphics coprocessors, etc., the basic canon of algorithms and data structures is not enough. Software developers know of real-world constraints and new models of computation and use them to design effective algorithms and data structures. These constraints motivate the development of elegant algorithms with broad utility. As examples, we present four algorithms that were motivated by specific hardware nuances, but are generally useful: reservoir sampling, majority of a stream, B-heap, and compacting an array in $\Theta (\log n)$Θ(logn) time.
Expert maintenance systems in telecommunications (2002)

An admissible heuristic algorithm for generating a network troubleshooting expert system that minimizes the expected troubleshooting cost and learns better troubleshooting techniques during its operation is presented. The algorithm requires three kinds of input: network topology, component failure rate, and relative costs of tests. It uses a modification of Huffman code that is proven to be an admissible heuristic on the A* search. Learning is shown to be facilitated by recomputing the optimal troubleshooting strategy when any of the inputs has changed. The algorithm is implemented in Prolog.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>