gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Scale Oriented Patches (2004)

This paper describes a novel multi-view matching framework based on a new type of invariant feature. Our features are located at Harris corners in discrete scale-space and oriented using a blurred local gradient. This defines a rotationally invariant frame in which we sample a feature descriptor, which consists of an 8x8 patch of bias/gain normalised intensity values. The density of features in the image is controlled using a novel adaptive non-maximal suppression algorithm, which gives a better spatial distribution of features than previous approaches. Matching is achieved using a fast nearest neighbour algorithm that indexes features based on their low frequency Haar wavelet coefficients. We also introduce a novel outlier rejection procedure that verifies a pairwise feature match based on a background distribution of incorrect feature matches. Feature matches are refined using RANSAC and used in an automatic 2D panorama stitcher that has been extensively tested on hundreds of sample inputs.
Superior Retention of Low-Resistance State in Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory With Single Filament Formation (2014)

Data retention is one crucial reliability aspect of resistive random access memory (RRAM). The retention failure mechanism of the low-resistance state (LRS) for conductive bridge RAM is generally originated from the lateral diffusion of metal ions/atoms from the filament to its surrounding medium. In this letter, we proposed an effective method to improve the LRS retention by controlling the formation of the single filament. For a certain LRS, the effective surface area for metal ions/atoms diffusion in single filament is less than that of multi-filament. Thus, better LRS retention characteristics can be achieved by reducing the metal species diffusion. The validity of this method is verified by the superior retention characteristics of the LRS programmed by current mode, in comparison with voltage programming mode. The former tends to generate a single filament, while the later grows multi-filament. This letter provides a possible way to enhance the retention characteristics of RRAM.
Why do developers neglect exception handling? (2008)

In this paper, we explore the problems associated with exception handling from a new dimension: the human. We designed a study that evaluates (1) different perspectives of software developers to understand how they perceive exception handling and what methods they adopt to deal with exception handling constructs, and (2) the usefulness of a visualization tool that we developed in previous work for exception handling. We describe the design of our study, present details about the study's participants, describe the interviews we conducted with the participants, present the results of the study, and discuss what we learned from the study. Based on our analysis, we suggest several future directions, including the proposal of a new role for the software-development process---exception engineer, who works closely with software developers throughout all phases of the software-development life cycle and who concentrates on the integration of exception handling into the core functionality of programs.
Chapter 12: Human Papillomavirus Technologies (2003)

Currently, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA tests validated in large trials and epidemiological studies are the hybrid capture second-generation (HC2) HPV DNA assay and a variety of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols employing degenerate or consensus primers. This article describes the currently available technology for HPV detection and discusses novel technologies and their potential for large-scale screening. Ideally, an HPV test should allow detection of multiple HPV types, identify individual types, and provide quantitative information about the viral load of each individual type found. Moreover, it should be easy to perform, be highly reproducible, with a high specificity and sensitivity, and amenable for high throughput analysis and automation. Because we do not yet fully understand the true value of viral load and the biological relevance of the different HPV types, any HPV test should be able to detect the clinically relevant high-risk types with a sufficient sensitivity of at least 10 000 genome copies per sample. To validate the different current and future test systems and to compare inter-laboratory performance we urgently need reference samples, validated reagents, and standardized protocols.
MRI-based semi-automatic pelvimetry measurement for pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis (2012)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pelvimetry measurements are useful in the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse given the inaccuracy of clinical examination. However, MRI measurements are currently performed manually and can be inconsistent, time-consuming and inaccurate. In this paper, we present a scheme for semi-automatic measurements on MR images based on multi scale wavelet analysis. The experiments on the MR images show that the presented scheme can detect the points of reference on the pelvic bone structure to determine the lines needed for the assessment of pelvic organ prolapse. This may lead towards more accurate and faster pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis on dynamic MR studies, and possible screening procedures for predicting predisposition to pelvic organ prolapse by radiologic evaluation of pelvimetry measurements.
Ultra-low repetition rate mode-locked semiconductor disk laser (2013)

Ultra low repetition rate of 85.7 MHz is demonstrated in mode-locked semiconductor disk laser overcoming short carrier lifetime limitations. It is shown that fundamental mode-locking in such long cavity is supported by phase-amplitude coupling.
A Second Order Statistics Based Algorithm for Blind Recognition of OFDM Based Systems (2008)

An opportunistic radio is a radio able to detect the spectrum unused bands, and to adapt its transmission parameters in order to transmit within these free bands. An opportunistic terminal has also to be able to detect opportunistic access points and to recognize their used standards. As most standards are now based on OFDM modulation with distinct intercarrier spacing, this parameter can be estimated to build standard recognition algorithm. We hence propose in this paper an algorithm for blind estimation of the intercarrier spacing of an OFDM modulation based on the second order statistics of the received signal. The algorithm construction is explained in detail. Some theoretical results are derived and numerical simulations show the gain in regard to the state of art methods.
Novel Bicyclic Piperazine Derivatives of Triazolotriazine and Triazolopyrimidines as Highly Potent and Selective Adenosine A<sub>2</sub><sub>A</sub>Receptor Antagonists (2004)

A series of bicyclic piperazine derivatives of triazolotriazine and triazolopyrimidines was synthesized. Some of these analogues show high affinity and excellent selectivity for adenosine A(2a) receptor versus the adenosine A(1) receptor. Structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies based on octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and octahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine with various capping groups are reported. Among these analogues, the most potent and selective A(2a) antagonist 26 h has a K(i) value of 0.2 nM and is 16 500-fold selective with respect to the A(1) receptor. Among a number of compounds tested, compounds 21a and 21c exhibited significantly improved metabolic stability. Compounds 21a, 21c, and 18a showed good oral efficacy in rodent catalepsy models of Parkinson's disease.
A New Torque Sharing Function Method for Switched Reluctance Machines With Lower Current Tracking Error (2020)

In this article, a new torque sharing function (TSF) method is proposed for torque ripple reduction in switched reluctance machines (SRMs). The proposed TSF achieves lower current tracking error by establishing a new current reference generation strategy. The phase current reference is first derived from the torque command using offline calculations and also from the phase current response that is obtained from the dynamic model of the SRM. Then, an optimization problem is formulated to shape the current reference for the objective of minimizing the torque ripple and copper losses, while maintaining the required average output torque at the given operating speed. The dynamic simulation of the SRM model is also utilized in the optimization problem. Compared to the existing conventional and optimization-based TSFs, the proposed TSF exhibits lower current tracking error due to the consideration of the current dynamics. Better torque-speed performance with improved average torque and reduced torque ripple is also obtained, especially during commutation. Simulations and experiments under different operating conditions are carried out to verify the proposed TSF method.
A Novel Interference Supression Technique employing Complex Adaptive ICA for Time-Varying Channels in Diversity Wireless QAM Receivers (2007)

This paper presents a novel complex adaptive ICA algorithm with individual adaptation of parameters. The algorithm employs optimal individual convergence factors for the real and imaginary components of the weight vector. The performance of this algorithm is tested and compared with the most recent complex fast-ICA in time-varying channel conditions frequently encountered in practice. Simulation results confirm the improved performance, in terms of convergence speed and accuracy, of the proposed technique, at the expense of a modest increase in computational complexity.
Embedded toggle generator to control the switching activity during test of digital 2D-SoCs and 3D-SICs (2017)

In digital logic circuits, unconstrained scan tests are known to evoke much higher switching activity than functional modes. To create test conditions which are as similar as possible to functional modes, today's ATPG tools have knobs to constrain the switching activity of the generated test to a user-defined functional (= lower) level. Two-dimensional system chips (SoCs) and three-dimensional stacked ICs (SICs) are typically tested in a modular fashion, i.e., per embedded core or stacked die. At any moment during the test, one or more modules are being tested (`module-under-test', MUT); we refer to the modules currently not being tested as `neighbors'. The switching activity of the MUT(s) can be controlled by ATPG constraints, but the switching activity of the neighboring modules is typically not controlled. In this work, we present two key elements for an approach to control the switching activity of both MUT(s) and neighboring modules. The first is a toggle analysis tool, that determines the switching activity of a module in either functional or test mode on the basis of a Value Change Dump (.vcd) file generated during gate-level Verilog netlist simulation. The second element is a programmable on-chip toggle generator, for which we present both its hardware scheme, as well as an algorithm to program it to achieve any target switching activity. For each module, the toggle analysis tool can be used to determine the switching activity in functional mode, which then forms the target for the ATPG tool when the module is a MUT, or for its embedded toggle generator while the module is in its role as neighbor.
Plecanatide and dolcanatide, novel guanylate cyclase-C agonists, ameliorate gastrointestinal inflammation in experimental models of murine colitis (2015)

This is the first-ever study reporting the therapeutic utility of GC-C agonists as a new class of orally delivered and mucosally active drug candidates for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
The Use of Topical Compounded Analgesic Creams in Neuropathic Pain by the Primary Care Physician (2017)

The primary care physician often has to help diabetic patients suffering from localized neuropathic pain. Most of the current anti-epileptics and anti-depressants however, especially when prescribed to the elderly patients, have troublesome drawbacks: drug-interactions, side effects and tolerability issues. Topical compounded creams might be a good alternative, especially since it is easy to test in the general practice to discover responders to these creams. At our Institute for Neuropathic Pain we see many patients suffering from peripheral neuropathic pain. We have developed a number of compounded creams based on amongst others amitriptyline 10%, ketamine 10%, clonidine 0.2%, baclofen 5%, and phenytoin 10%. Many patients profit from such topical formulations and we will describe how a primary care physician can fast decide whether as specific compounded cream is useful for a patient. Patients suffering from peripheral neuropathic pain, as in diabetic neuropathy, chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) and chemotherapy induced polyneuropathy (CIPN) as well as from complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), seem often to be responsive to such topical approach. Meanwhile, more than 800 Dutch medical doctors have been prescribing one or more of our compounded creams, and patients and medical doctors from abroad frequently contact us to explore the therapeutic options for their patients based on these creams. We will give some practical tips how to differentiate between responders and non-responders.
Networks on chip as hardware components of an OS for reconfigurable systems (2003)

Abstract. In complex reconfigurable SoCs, the dynamism of applications requires an efficient management of the platform. To allow run-time allocation of resources, operating systems and reconfigurable SoC platforms should be developed together. The operating system requires hardware support from the platform to abstract the reconfigurable resources and to provide an efficient communication layer. This paper presents our work on interconnection networks which are used as hardware support for the operating system. We show how multiple networks interface to the reconfigurable resources, allow dynamic task relocation and extend OS-control to the platform. An FPGA implementation of these networks supports the concepts we describe. 1
Automatic classification of spatial signatures on semiconductor wafer maps (1997)

This paper describes spatial signature analysis (SSA), a cooperative research project between SEMATECH and Oak Ridge National Laboratory for automatically analyzing and reducing semiconductor wafermap defect data to useful information. Trends towards larger wafer formats and smaller critical dimensions have caused an exponential increase in the volume of visual and parametric defect data which must be analyzed and stored, therefore necessitating the development of automated tools for wafer defect analysis. Contamination particles that did not create problems with 1 micron design rules can now be categorized as killer defects. SSA is an automated wafermap analysis procedure which performs a sophisticated defect clustering and signature classification of electronic wafermaps. This procedure has been realized in a software system that contains a signature classifier that is user-trainable. Known examples of historically problematic process signatures are added to a training database for the classifier. Once a suitable training set has been established, the software can automatically segment and classify multiple signatures from a standard electronic wafermap file into user-defined categories. It is anticipated that successful integration of this technology with other wafer monitoring strategies will result in reduced time-to-discovery and ultimately improved product yield.
In vitro antifungal activity of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-methylethyl pentanoate, a dihydropyrrole derivative (2005)

A novel compound 2-(3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-methylethyl pentanoate was isolated from the plant Datura metel L. The in vitro activity of this dihydropyrrole derivative against Aspergillus and Candida species was evaluated by using standard methods approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The compound was found to be active against all the species tested, namely Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The MIC at which more than 90% of growth was inhibited (MIC(90)) by the compound ranged from 21.87 to 43.75 microg ml(-1) against various fungal species by microbroth dilution assay. Since the compound 2-(3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-methylethyl pentanoate has antifungal activity it can be explored further to develop new antimycotic drugs.
Plant hairy roots enable high throughput identification of antimicrobials against Candidatus Liberibacter spp. (2020)

A major bottleneck in identifying therapies to control citrus greening and other devastating plant diseases caused by fastidious pathogens is our inability to culture the pathogens in defined media or axenic cultures. As such, conventional approaches for antimicrobial evaluation (genetic or chemical) rely on time-consuming, low-throughput and inherently variable whole-plant assays. Here, we report that plant hairy roots support the growth of fastidious pathogens like Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the presumptive causal agents of citrus greening, potato zebra chip and tomato vein greening diseases. Importantly, we leverage the microbial hairy roots for rapid, reproducible efficacy screening of multiple therapies. We identify six antimicrobial peptides, two plant immune regulators and eight chemicals which inhibit Candidatus Liberibacter spp. in plant tissues. The antimicrobials, either singly or in combination, can be used as near- and long-term therapies to control citrus greening, potato zebra chip and tomato vein greening diseases.
Cavity-enhanced Multispectral Photodetector on a Si Platform: Theory, Materials, and Devices (2010)

We report the design and fabrication of a novel multispectral photodetector capable of detecting multiple wavebands in a single pixel. Our prototypical device demonstrates spectral selectivity with a peak responsivity of 65.4V/W at 3.9μm wavelength.
Ultrafast Spin-Transfer-Torque Switching of Synthetic Ferrimagnets (2016)

The state-of-the-art switching speeds of spin-transfer-torque-driven free layers in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are of the order of a few hundred picoseconds, hindering their wide implementation in memory and logic devices. To significantly speed up the spin-torque-driven reversal time, we propose a composite free-layer structure using synthetic ferrimagnets (SFMs). It is commonly assumed that to achieve a given switching delay, the current must exceed the critical current by a certain factor; therefore a higher critical current implies a higher switching current. We show that this is not the case for SFM structures, and that they can provide significantly reduced switching delays for a given current density even though the critical current is increased. This non-intuitive result can be understood from the requirements of angular momentum conservation. We predict that a 20 nm diameter MTJ incorporating the proposed SFM free layer can be switched in tens of picoseconds, which could advance the state-of-the-art of sub-200 ps switching. We show that this speed can be achieved by experimentally demonstrated parameters using current perpendicular magnetic anisotropy materials.
Power and Area Efficient Column-Parallel ADC Architectures for CMOS Image Sensors (2007)

The ever-increasing resolution of CMOS imagers has had a profound impact on their analog readout electronics, and, in particular, on their ADC architecture. This paper gives an overview of the development of column-parallel ADCs that enable the high-speed and power-efficient readout of high-resolution CMOS imagers. In particular, the recently proposed multiple-ramp single-slope (MRSS) ADC will be discussed.
New Two-Inductor Boost Converter With Auxiliary Transformer (2004)

A new, two-inductor, two-switch boost converter topology and its variations suitable for applications with a large difference between the input and output voltage are described. The output voltage regulation of the proposed converters is achieved in a wide load and input-voltage range with constant-frequency control by employing an auxiliary transformer that couples the current paths of the two boost inductors.
A low-noise biomimetic differential microphone (2008)

A miniature differential microphone is described that has a noise floor that is substantially lower than that of existing devices of comparable size. The sensitivity of a differential microphone suffers as the distance between the two pressure sensing locations decreases, resulting in an increase in the input sound pressure-referred noise floor. In the microphone described here, the two sources of microphone internal noise, the diaphragm thermal noise and the electronic noise, are minimized by a combination of novel diaphragm design and the use of low-noise optical sensing. The differential microphone diaphragm measures 1 mm by 2 mm and is fabricated out of polycrystalline silicon. The diaphragm design is based on the coupled ears of the fly Ormia ochracea. The sound pressure input-referred noise floor of this miniature differential microphone has been measured to be less than 36 dBA.
Discovery of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of CDPK1 from <i>C. parvum</i> and <i>T. gondii</i> (2010)

The protozoans Cryptosporidium parvum and Toxoplasma gondii are parasites of major health concern to humans. Both parasites contain a group of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), which are found in plants and ciliates but not in humans or fungi. Here we describe a series of potent inhibitors that target CDPK1 in C. parvum (CpCDPK1) and T. gondii (TgCDPK1). These inhibitors are highly selective for CpCDPK1 and TgCDPK1 over the mammalian kinases SRC and ABL. Furthermore, they are able to block an early stage of C. parvum invasion of HCT-8 host cells, which is similar to their effects on T. gondii invasion of human fibroblasts.
Daily Cannabis Smoking as a Risk Factor for Progression of Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C * (2005)

Cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa (marijuana) exert biological effects via cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. We recently demonstrated that CB1 and CB2 receptors regulate progression of experimental liver fibrosis. We therefore investigated the impact of cannabis smoking on fibrosis progression rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Two hundred seventy consecutive untreated patients with CHC of known duration undergoing liver biopsy were studied. Demographic, epidemiological, metabolic, and virological data were recorded, and detailed histories of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use over the span of hepatitis C virus infection were obtained. Fibrosis stage, steatosis, and activity grades were scored according to Metavir system. Patients were categorized as noncannabis users (52.2%), occasional users (14.8%), or daily users (33.0%), and the relationship between cannabis use and fibrosis progression rate (FPR) or fibrosis stage was assessed. On multivariate analysis, six factors were independently related to a FPR greater than 0.074 (median value of the cohort): daily cannabis use (OR = 3.4 [1.5-7.4]), Metavir activity grade A2 or higher (OR = 5.4 [2.9-10.3]), age at contamination of more than 40 years (OR = 10.5 [3.0-37.1]), genotype 3 (OR = 3.4 [1.5-7.7]), excessive alcohol intake (OR = 2.2 [1.1-4.5]), and steatosis (OR = 2.0 [1.0-4.1]). Daily cannabis use was also an independent predictor of a rapid FPR (>0.15) (OR = 3.6 [1.5-7.5]). Finally, severe fibrosis (> or =F3) was also predicted by daily cannabis use (OR = 2.5 [1.1-5.6]; P = .034), independently of Metavir activity grade, excessive alcohol intake, age at liver biopsy, steatosis, and tobacco smoking. In conclusion, daily cannabis smoking is significantly associated with fibrosis progression during CHC. Patients with ongoing CHC should be advised to refrain from regular cannabis use.