gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>CSF1R</i> -related leukoencephalopathy (2018)

Since the discovery of <i>CSF1R</i> gene mutations in families with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids in 2012, more than 70 different mutations have been identified around the world. Through the analyses of mutation carriers, <i>CSF1R</i>-related leukoencephalopathy has been distinctly characterized clinically, radiologically, and pathologically. Typically, patients present with frontotemporal dementia-like phenotype in their 40s-50s, accompanied by motor symptoms, including pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. Women tend to develop the clinical symptoms at a younger age than men. On brain imaging, in addition to white matter abnormalities, thinning of the corpus callosum, diffusion-restricted lesions in the white matter, and brain calcifications are hallmarks. Primary axonopathy followed by demyelination was suggested by pathology. Haploinsufficiency of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is evident in a patient with a frameshift mutation, facilitating the establishment of <i>Csf1r</i> haploinsufficient mouse model. These mice develop clinical, radiologic, and pathologic phenotypes consistent with those of human patients with <i>CSF1R</i> mutations. In vitro, perturbation of CSF1R signaling is shown in cultured cells expressing mutant CSF1R. However, the underlying mechanisms by which <i>CSF1R</i> mutations selectively lead to white matter degeneration remains to be elucidated. Given that CSF1R mainly expresses in microglia, <i>CSF1R</i>-related leukoencephalopathy is representative of primary microgliopathies, of which microglia have a pivotal and primary role in pathogenesis. In this review, we address the current knowledge of <i>CSF1R</i>-related leukoencephalopathy and discuss the putative pathophysiology, with a focus on microglia, as well as future research directions.
[Origin of the FSH + LH double activity of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG/PMSG)]. (1984)

The LH and FSH activities of equine choriogonadotropin (eCG) have been compared in several species with those of the highly purified homologous pituitary gonadotropins. The molar FSH/LH activity ratio of eCG determined by RRA is 0.20 in the pig, 0.25 in the rat and 0 in the horse. These data demonstrate the LH monospecificity of eCG in its own species as it is the case for hCG. We have also shown that equine LH exhibited a FSH-activity similar to that of eCG in the pig and in the rat but not in the horse. In the female rat, the binding activity to FSH receptors and the in vitro FSH activity of eCG are similar (about 0.005 X eFSH). In the male rat, the binding activity of eCG to FSH receptors is much higher (0.15 X eFSH) than its in vitro FSH activity (0.007 X eFSH). The behaviour of equine LH is similar to that of eCG in the four systems. Our data clearly indicate that the double activity of eCG is not unique to this molecule. Moreover, the double activity is not intrinsic to the eCG molecule since it depends on the species and the sex of the animal used as well as on the system used (RRA) or in vitro biological assay).
Functional genomics of lipid metabolism in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides (2018)

The basidiomycete yeast <i>Rhodosporidium toruloides</i> (also known as <i>Rhodotorula toruloides</i>) accumulates high concentrations of lipids and carotenoids from diverse carbon sources. It has great potential as a model for the cellular biology of lipid droplets and for sustainable chemical production. We developed a method for high-throughput genetics (RB-TDNAseq), using sequence-barcoded <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> T-DNA insertions. We identified 1,337 putative essential genes with low T-DNA insertion rates. We functionally profiled genes required for fatty acid catabolism and lipid accumulation, validating results with 35 targeted deletion strains. We identified a high-confidence set of 150 genes affecting lipid accumulation, including genes with predicted function in signaling cascades, gene expression, protein modification and vesicular trafficking, autophagy, amino acid synthesis and tRNA modification, and genes of unknown function. These results greatly advance our understanding of lipid metabolism in this oleaginous species and demonstrate a general approach for barcoded mutagenesis that should enable functional genomics in diverse fungi.
A facile route to cage-like mesoporous silica coated ZSM-5 combined with Pt immobilization (2013)

Uniform core–shell composites with cage-like mesoporous silica (CmesoSiO2) shells and zeolite HZSM-5 cores have been synthesized by a facile acid-catalyzed sol–gel coating process. The mesoporous silica shells are uniform and coated on the anisotropic HZSM-5 crystal faces, and the shell-thicknesses can be tuned from 25 to 70 nm. The core–shell composites possess a high surface area (∼862 m2 g−1) and pore volume (∼0.66 cm3 g−1), large pore sizes (3.2–8.2 nm) and unchanged zeolite micropore properties. The silica shells are composed of cage-like mesopores and entrances (ranging from 3.2 to 8.2 nm) as well as a plenty of micropores. Pt nanocatalysts with an average particle size of ∼3.2 nm have been successfully encapsulated into the micropores and partial mesopores of the cage-like silica shells. The catalytic oxidation of toluene shows that the Pt/HZ@CmesoSiO2 composite presents an equivalent activity for toluene combustion at the light-off temperature of ∼195 °C (T50%) relative to the mixture catalyst (198 °C of T50%), but more excellent catalytic durability without activity loss (193 °C of T50%) after a 100 h test.
Copper(<scp>II</scp>)‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with Hydrogen Peroxide (2003)

Abstract Copper( II ) complex 1 efficiently catalyses the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acid analogues and ketones in the presence of H 2 O 2 in high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Polymer Monoliths with Exchangeable Chemistries: Use of Gold Nanoparticles As Intermediate Ligands for Capillary Columns with Varying Surface Functionalities (2010)

Newly developed porous polymer monolithic capillary columns modified with gold nanoparticles coated with exchangeable functionalities allow easy switching of separation modes by a simple ligand exchange process. These columns are prepared from a poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith through reaction of its epoxide moieties with cysteamine to afford a monolith rich in surface thiol groups. Gold nanoparticles prepared via in situ reduction of chloroauric acid within the column become attached to the surface of the pores of the monolith. Alternatively, a solution of colloidal gold nanoparticles can be pumped through the thiol modified column to achieve their attachment. While the first approach is faster, it affords a lower coverage of nanoparticles than the second method, while both methods preserve the excellent hydrodynamic properties that are typical of the monolithic columns. Functionalization of the surface of the bound gold nanoparticles is then carried out using low molecular weight thiol-containing surface ligands. The dynamic nature of the bond between gold and these surface ligands enables the replacement of one surface ligand by another through a simple solution exchange process. This novel approach expands the application range of monoliths as a single column can now be used in different separations modes. Applications of the columns with exchangeable chemistries are demonstrated with the capillary electrochromatographic separation of peptides and the nano-high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of proteins in both reversed phase and ion exchange modes.
Threshold voltage generation and supply-independent biasing in c.m.o.s. integrated circuits (1979)

A method is presented for the generation of a voltage equal to an integer multiple of the n-channel threshold voltage in c.m.o.s. integrated circuits. Experimental results from an integrated prototype are given and possible applications are discussed
Analysis of the secondary structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins p17, gp120, and gp41 by computer modeling based on neural network methods. (1990)

A neural network computer program, trained to predict secondary structure of proteins by exposing it to matching sets of primary and secondary structures from a database, was used to analyze the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins p17, gp120, and gp41 from their amino acid sequences. The results are compared to those obtained by the Chou-Fasman analysis. Two alpha-helical sequences corresponding to the putative fusigenic domain and to the transmembrane domain of gp41 could be predicted, as well as a possible binding site between p17 and gp41. On the basis of the secondary structure predictions, a three-dimensional model of p17 was constructed. This model was found to represent a stable conformation by an analysis using an energy-minimization program. The model predicts that p17 is attached to the membrane only by the acylated N-terminus, in analogy with the N-terminus of the gag protein of other retroviruses and also with the src oncogene protein p60src. The intracellular C-terminal part of gp41 may act as a receptor by electrostatic interaction with p17.
A review study of human-affection knowledge on usability engineering (2016)

An increasingly large amount of multimodal content is posted on social media websites such as YouTube and Facebook every day. In order to cope with the growth of such so much multimodal data, there is very urgent need to develop an intelligent multi-modal analysis framework that can effectively extract information from multiple modalities. In this research work, here propose a novel multimodal information extraction agent, which infers and aggregates the semantic and affective information associated with user generated multimodal data in contexts such as e-learning, e-health, automatic video content tagging and human-computer interaction (HCI). In particular, the developed intelligent agent adopts an ensemble feature extraction approach by exploiting the joint use of tri-modal (text, audio and video data) features to enhance the multimodal information extraction process. In preliminary experiments using the INTERFACE and SEMINE dataset, our proposed multi-modal system is shown to achieve an accuracy of 88.75%, outperforming the best state-of-the-art system by more than 10%, or in relative terms, a 46% reduction in error rate.
Identification of probable real words (2002)

This paper proposes a method for identifying probable real words among out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words in text. The identification of real words is done based on entropy of probability of character trigrams as well as the morphological rules of English. It also generates possible parts-of-speech (POS) of the identified real words on the basis of lexical formation rules and word endings. The method shows high performance both in precision and in recall. This method is very useful in recognizing domain-specific technical terms, and has successfully been embedded in a glossary extraction system, which identifies single or multi word glossary items and builds a domain-specific dictionary.
Low-Cost Thin Glass Interposers as a Superior Alternative to Silicon and Organic Interposers for Packaging of 3-D ICs (2012)

Interconnecting integrated circuits (ICs) and 3-D-ICs to the system board (printed circuit board) are currently achieved using organic or silicon-based interposers. Organic interposers face several challenges in packaging 2-D and 3-D-ICs beyond the 32-nm node, primarily due to their poor dimensional stability and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch to silicon. Silicon interposers made with back-end of line wafer processes can achieve the required wiring and I/O density, but their high-cost limit them to high-performance applications. Glass is proposed as a superior alternative to organic and silicon-based interposers for packaging of future ICs and 3-D-ICs with highest I/Os at lowest cost. This paper presents for the first time a novel thin and large panel glass interposer capable of scaling to 700 mm and larger panels with potential for significant cost reduction over interposers made on 200-mm or 300-mm wafers. The formation of small through vias at high speed has been the biggest technical barrier for the adoption of glass as an interposer and system substrate; and this paper describes pioneering research in via-formation in thin glass substrates, using a novel “polymer-on-glass” approach. Electrical modeling and design of through package vias (TPVs) in glass is discussed in detail, and the feasibility of 50-μm pitch TPVs in 180-μm thin glass substrates has been demonstrated. The excellent surface finish and low CTE of glass leads to increased I/O density, and increased functionality per unit area leading to system miniaturization.
Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Prediction using Random Forests (2018)

We study the problem of privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) for ensemble methods, focusing our effort on random forests. In collaborative analysis, PPML attempts to solve the conflict between the need for data sharing and privacy. This is especially important in privacy sensitive applications such as learning predictive models for clinical decision support from EHR data from different clinics, where each clinic has a responsibility for its patients' privacy. We propose a new approach for ensemble methods: each entity learns a model, from its own data, and then when a client asks the prediction for a new private instance, the answers from all the locally trained models are used to compute the prediction in such a way that no extra information is revealed. We implement this approach for random forests and we demonstrate its high efficiency and potential accuracy benefit via experiments on real-world datasets, including actual EHR data.
Measurement crosstalk elimination of torque encoder using selectively compliant suspension (2011)

Realization of rigid and sensitive torque sensor is one of the key factors for the success of robots. With the conventional detectors as strain gauges, poor S/N (signal to noise) ratio has been the limitation of torque sensor sensitivity. Torque Encoder uses a linear encoder as a detector and significantly enhanced the S/N ratio, and realized stiff and sensitive torque sensor. However, the crosstalk in torque measurement was still an open problem as in other sensing methods. In this paper, we analyzed the cause of the crosstalk and proposed the mechanism to suppress the crosstalk using selectively compliant suspension mechanism. Design methodology, implementation to minimize crosstalk with minimal sensitivity loss are presented. Evaluation on a prototype of the mechanism is carried out to show the effectiveness of the mechanism.
Semantic Aware Attention Based Deep Object Co-segmentation (2018)

Object co-segmentation is the task of segmenting the same objects from multiple images. In this paper, we propose the Attention Based Object Co-Segmentation for object co-segmentation that utilize a novel attention mechanism in the bottleneck layer of deep neural network for the selection of semantically related features. Furthermore, we take the benefit of attention learner and propose an algorithm to segment multi-input images in linear time complexity. Experiment results demonstrate that our model achieves state of the art performance on multiple datasets, with a significant reduction of computational time.
Direct Asymmetric Hydroxyamination Reaction Catalyzed by an Axially Chiral Secondary Amine Catalyst (2006)

A direct asymmetric hydroxyamination reaction of aldehydes with nitrosobenzene was found to be catalyzed by the novel axially chiral secondary amine catalyst (S)-1d. The resulting optically enriched hydroxyamination products were readily converted to beta-amino alcohols or 1,2-diamines in one pot.
Rational Design of New Binding Specificity by Simultaneous Mutagenesis of Calmodulin and a Target Peptide (2006)

Calcium-saturated calmodulin (CaM) binds and influences the activity of a varied collection of target proteins in most cells. This promiscuity underlies the role of CaM as a shared participant in calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways but imposes a handicap on popular CaM-based calcium biosensors, which display an undesired tendency to cross-react with cellular proteins. Designed CaM/target pairs that retain high affinity for one another but lack affinity for wild-type CaM and its natural interaction partners would therefore be useful as sensor components and possibly also as elements of "synthetic" cellular-signaling networks. Here, we have adopted a rational approach to creating suitably modified CaM/target complexes by using computational design methods to guide parallel site-directed mutagenesis of both binding partners. A hierarchical design procedure was applied to suggest a small number of complementary mutations on CaM and on a peptide ligand derived from skeletal-muscle light-chain kinase (M13). Experimental analysis showed that the procedure was successful in identifying CaM and M13 mutants with novel specificity for one another. Importantly, the designed complexes retained an affinity comparable to the wild-type CaM/M13 complex. These results represent a step toward the creation of CaM and M13 derivatives with specificity fully orthogonal to the wild-type proteins and show that qualitatively accurate predictions may be obtained from computational methods applied simultaneously to two proteins involved in multiple-linked binding equilibria.
The Course of Japanese Agriculture under the 2E2F Crisis (2009)

We use the term “2E2F Crisis” to refer to the global crisis involving the environment, energy, food, and financial systems. The purpose of this research is to discuss the contents and characteristics of the food crisis that constitutes part of the 2E2F Crisis, and to present a framework for the future of Japanese agriculture. In this paper, “agricultural crisis” is added as an object of consideration. Specifically, the study looks at the following three points. First, this paper looks at a series of critical situations involving the environment, energy, food (agriculture), and finance in and after the second half of 2006, and clarifies the contents and character of the current Food Crisis by comparing it with the World Food Crisis of 1973-74. Moreover, this paper analyzes the character of the Agricultural Crisis (Depression) of the 1920s and 1930s, and the Agricultural Recession (especially in the United States) of the first half of the 1980s, seeking clues for the possibility of a future agricultural crisis. Second, this paper reconfirms the international and internal position of Japanese agriculture today, proposes the principle of agricultural trade based on the universal and fundamental worth of agriculture, and presents a future direction for the achievement of “sustainable agriculture”. Third, based on the above, this paper presents a future direction for Japanese agriculture which positions agriculture as a basic industry in Japanese society, and also shows how a society can be developed that will allow agriculture to take root. Moreover, the paper discusses concrete tasks and the direction for raising the capability for food self-sufficiency and a self-sufficiency ratio.
A comprehensive modeling for performance evaluation of regular interconnection network (2002)

Interconnection network is one of the major factors which determine the performance of a multiprocessor system. Therefore, it is imperative to have a model by which the efficiency of the interconnection network can be correctly evaluated for various application environments. The authors present an interconnection network evaluation mode where the memory bandwidth and processor acceptance probability are considered primary measures. The proposed analytical model includes typical network control policies such as bus arbitration and rejected request handling policies as well as home memory concept. The crossbar network is selected to test the model and computer simulation validates the correctness. The study also confirms that the home memory and dynamic bus arbitration policy improve the network performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Markov models for web site link prediction (2002)

Markov models have been extensively used to model Web users' navigation behaviors on Web sites. The link structure of a Web site can be seen as a citation network. By applying bibliographic co-citation and coupling analysis to a Markov model constructed from a Web log file on a Web site, we propose a clustering algorithm called CitationCluster to cluster conceptually related pages. The clustering results are used to construct a conceptual hierarchy of the Web site. Markov model based link prediction is integrated with the hierarchy to assist users' navigation on the Web site.
Computational methods for stochastic control with metric interval temporal logic specifications (2015)

This paper studies an optimal control problem for continuous-time stochastic systems subject to reachability objectives specified in a subclass of metric interval temporal logic specifications, a temporal logic with real-time constraints. We propose a probabilistic method for synthesizing an optimal control policy that maximizes the probability of satisfying a specification based on a discrete approximation of the underlying stochastic system. First, we show that the original problem can be formulated as a stochastic optimal control problem in a state space augmented with finite memory and states of some clock variables. Second, we present a numerical method for computing an optimal policy with which the given specification is satisfied with the maximal probability in point-based semantics in the discrete approximation of the underlying system. We show that the policy obtained in the discrete approximation converges to the optimal one for satisfying the specification in the continuous or dense-time semantics as the discretization becomes finer in both state and time. Finally, we illustrate our approach with a robotic motion planning example.
Remote diagnosis system of vehicle based on telematics (2010)

In this paper, a remote diagnosis system based on telematics framework was presented to solve the problems in traditional vehicle diagnosis by reason of geographical limitations. On the basis of studied on Telematics and the theory of remote diagnositic, four layers of the system was described detailedly, and a vehicle gateway with SAMSUNG S3C2410 processor based on ARM920T core had been designed to achieve the functions. The system which had been applied in the project and proven to be effective was suitable for application and promotion in reality.
On the Computation of Visual Comfort Probability (1976)

A computational technique has been developed and applied to the problem of computation of ESI at a large number of observer positions in a room. The technique is based on the perpendicular-plane angular coordinate system and a two-variable finite Fourier-Hermite series for interpolating discrete two-variable data. A simple extension of this technique is presented for calculating VCP at a large number of observer positions in a room.