gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The <i>Aha!</i> Moment (2009)

A sudden comprehension that solves a problem, reinterprets a situation, explains a joke, or resolves an ambiguous percept is called an insight (i.e., the “Aha! moment”). Psychologists have studied insight using behavioral methods for nearly a century. Recently, the tools of cognitive neuroscience have been applied to this phenomenon. A series of studies have used electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the neural correlates of the “Aha! moment” and its antecedents. Although the experience of insight is sudden and can seem disconnected from the immediately preceding thought, these studies show that insight is the culmination of a series of brain states and processes operating at different time scales. Elucidation of these precursors suggests interventional opportunities for the facilitation of insight.
Expression and Function of Aminopeptidase N/CD13 Produced by Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of CD13 in Chemotaxis of Cytokine‐Activated T Cells Independent of Enzymatic Activity (2014)

CD13 is released from FLS into culture supernatants and is found in SF. CD13 induces chemotaxis of cytokine-activated T cells, a T cell population similar to that found in RA synovium. These data suggest that CD13 could play an important role as a T cell chemoattractant, in a positive feedback loop that contributes to RA synovitis.
Rising Use Of Diagnostic Medical Imaging In A Large Integrated Health System (2008)

Little has been published characterizing specific patterns of the dramatic rise in diagnostic imaging during the past decade. In a large health plan, 377,048 patients underwent 4.9 million diagnostic tests from 1997 through 2006. Cross-sectional imaging nearly doubled over those years, rising from 260 to 478 examinations per thousand enrollees per year. Imaging with computed tomography (CT) doubled, and imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tripled. Cross-sectional studies added to existing studies instead of replacing them, and the annual per enrollee cost of radiology imaging more than doubled. The dramatic rise in imaging raises both costs and radiation exposure.
Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Functional Activation (2009)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate are normally coupled, that is an increase in metabolic demand will lead to an increase in flow. However, during functional activation, CBF and glucose metabolism remain coupled as they increase in proportion, whereas oxygen metabolism only increases to a minor degree-the so-called uncoupling of CBF and oxidative metabolism. Several studies have dealt with these issues, and theories have been forwarded regarding the underlying mechanisms. Some reports have speculated about the existence of a potentially deficient oxygen supply to the tissue most distant from the capillaries, whereas other studies point to a shift toward a higher degree of non-oxidative glucose consumption during activation. In this review, we argue that the key mechanism responsible for the regional CBF (rCBF) increase during functional activation is a tight coupling between rCBF and glucose metabolism. We assert that uncoupling of rCBF and oxidative metabolism is a consequence of a less pronounced increase in oxygen consumption. On the basis of earlier studies, we take into consideration the functional recruitment of capillaries and attempt to accommodate the cerebral tissue's increased demand for glucose supply during neural activation with recent evidence supporting a key function for astrocytes in rCBF regulation.
Adaptive Transmission for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted OFDM Wireless Communications (2020)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have recently emerged as an innovative technology for improving the coverage, throughput, and energy/spectrum efficiency of future wireless communications. In this paper, we propose a new transmission protocol for wideband RIS-assisted single-input multiple-output (SIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems, where each transmission frame is divided into multiple sub-frames to execute channel estimation simultaneously with passive beamforming. As the training symbols are discretely distributed over multiple sub-frames, the channel state information (CSI) associated with RIS cannot be estimated at once. As such, we propose a new channel estimation method to progressively estimate the associated CSI over consecutive sub-frames, based on which the passive beamforming at the RIS is fine-tuned to improve the achievable rate for data transmission. In particular, during the channel training, the RIS plays two roles of embedding training reflection states for progressive channel estimation and performing passive beamforming for data transmission on the data tones. Based on the estimated CSI in each sub-frame, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the average achievable rate by designing the passive beamforming at the RIS, which needs to balance the received signal power over different sub-carriers and different receive antennas. As the formulated problem is non-convex and thus difficult to solve optimally, we propose two efficient algorithms to find high-quality solutions. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed channel estimation and beamforming optimization methods. It is shown that the proposed joint channel estimation and passive beamforming scheme is able to drastically improve the average achievable rate and reduce the delay for data transmission as compared to existing schemes.
What Is the Mechanism of Catalysis of Ester Aminolysis by Weak Amine Bases? Comparison of Experimental Studies and Theoretical Investigation of the Aminolysis of Substituted Phenyl Esters of Quinoline-6- and -8-Carboxylic Acids (1998)

The mechanisms of aminolysis of substituted phenylquinoline-8- and -6-carboxylates (Q-8 and Q-6) were evaluated using AM1 semiempirical and HF/6-31+G(d) ab initio quantum mechanical methods to study the ammonolyses of the model systems vinyl cis-3-(methyleneamino)acrylate (M1), cis-2-hydroxyvinyl cis-3-(methyleneamino)acrylate (M2), and vinyl trans-3-(methyleneamino)acrylate (M3). Both experimental and computational results support the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate in the reaction. The imine nitrogens of the Q-8, M1, and M2 esters are in position to catalyze aminolysis of the esters, whereas the imine nitrogens of the Q-6 and M3 esters are not. Ammonia attack on the M1 and M2 esters occurs at a hydrogen bonding distance above the imine nitrogen. This hydrogen bond prevails in the tetrahedral intermediate and during alkoxide departure. In a sequential step prior to diffusion apart, the very acidic N-protonated amide protonates the leaving alkoxide. Abstraction of the proton from the -NH3+ substituent of the zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate by imine nitrogen is thermodynamically highly unfavorable. The previously proposed proton slide mechanism involving catalysis by the imine nitrogen of intramolecular proton migration converting R−C(OR‘)(O-)(NH3+) to R−C(OR‘)(OH)(NH2) is not supported by the present study. The results of this study are fully consistent with the experimental observations for the aminolyses of substituted Q-8 and Q-6 esters.
Higher Topos Theory (2006)

This purpose of this book is twofold: to provide a general introduction to higher category theory (using the formalism of "quasicategories" or "weak Kan complexes"), and to apply this theory to the study of higher versions of Grothendieck topoi. A few applications to classical topology are included.
The VLSI Design Automation Assistant: From Algorithms to Silicon (1985)

Our ability to fabricate complex VLSI chips is outrunning our ability to design them. To reduce the design time for complex chips we are creating an expert design assistant-programs that automate as many of the design tasks as possible while allowing the human designer to control the synthesis process. A series of programs translates an algorithm into a chip layout. Some programs are expert systems while others use traditional algorithms. Our early results lead us to believe that a knowledge-based expert system is an appropriate tool for bridging the gap between logical and physical design.
Role of alpha‐fetoprotein in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma (1999)

Thirty-five years after its first description, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) remains the gold standard by which other markers are judged. Serum levels above the reference range of 10 ng/mL occur in approximately 75% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In individual patients, the serum AFP level behaves as if it reflects tumour mass. However, the specificity of AFP is relatively low because moderately raised levels are also found in some patients with uncomplicated chronic liver disease. Recently, tumour-specific AFP assays have been developed. These are based on the carbohydrate side-chains on the AFP molecule which exhibit characteristic differences in AFP of different origins. Monitoring response to treatment may often be more effectively carried out by serial estimation of AFP than by conventional imaging techniques. The relative specificity of AFP for HCC has also been employed to detect circulating HCC cells and to target gene therapy.
<title>High-speed signal processing architectures using charge-coupled devices</title> (1991)

The inherent speed and parallelism offered by many optical computational devices represent a distinct advantage over their electronic counterparts. Spatial Light Modulators (SLM) and the Charge Coupled Detectors (CCD) form an important class of such optoelectronic devices. This paper presents device structures using SLM/CCD devices for computing vector dot products. Since the computation of vector dot products constitutes one of the most heavily used operations in digital signal processing, such devices lend themselves well for very high speed signal processing applications. The versatility of the SLM/CCD devices is demonstrated by presenting several architectures for a scalar multiplier. An analytical model characterizing the performance of a SLM/CCD pair is presented. Examples involving the use of the device for signal processing applications is also given.
Virtually Complete Blocking of .alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated Aldehyde Carbonyls by Complexation with Aluminum Tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVirtually Complete Blocking of .alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated Aldehyde Carbonyls by Complexation with Aluminum Tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide)Keiji Maruoka, Hiroshi Imoto, Susumu Saito, and Hisashi YamamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9, 4131–4132Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00088a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00088a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1774Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> PagP is a Bvg‐regulated lipid A palmitoyl transferase that is required for persistent colonization of the mouse respiratory tract (2003)

Bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expression varies depending on growth conditions, regulated by the Bvg system. A B. bronchiseptica pagP homologue was identified that is required for Bvg-mediated modification of the lipid A core region of LPS that occurs on switching from the Bvg- to the Bvg+ phase. Structural analysis demonstrated that the lipid A of a B. bronchiseptica pagP mutant differed from wild-type lipid A by the absence of a palmitate group in secondary acylation at the C3' position. The putative pagP promoter drove the expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene in a Bvg-regulated fashion. These data suggest that B. bronchiseptica pagP encodes a Bvg-regulated lipid A palmitoyl transferase that mediates modification of the lipid A as part of the overall Bvg-mediated adaptation of this organism to changing environmental conditions. We also show that pagP is not required for the initial colonization of the mouse respiratory tract by B. bronchiseptica, but is required for persistence of the organism within this organ.
Can Gili footbridge over the BV-1432 highway in Granollers (2011)

The construction of the Can Gili footbridge was an old claim of the inhabitants of the two neighbourhoods separated from one another by the trench of the BV-1432 road in Granollers. The design we proposed was strongly conditioned by the asymmetric shape of the obstacle that had to be crossed and by the bad ground conditions on the top of the south slope. It is formed by a main deck, composed by a cranked shape continuous Corten steel beam, with two supports, one at
each side of the road, and a secondary deck. The latter is a simply supported structure that spans 13.9 metres, from the top angle of the former to the free end of its cantilevered span. The primary deck has a main span of 32.7 metres and a cantilevered side span of 5.0 metres. The construction started in June 2009 with the upgrading of the south approach and the construction of the foundations. Meanwhile, the steel structure was fabricated twenty kilometres away from the site. When the abutments were ready, the deck was transported to the site in four sections and erected with the help of a temporary tower. Once the deck was put into place, the mandatory static load test was carried out. The works finished by the construction of the north approach and the installation of the public lighting and the street furniture. The footbridge was open to the public in January 2010.
Synthesis, Polymerization, and Unusual Properties of New Star-Shaped Thiophene Oligomers (2009)

Terthienobenzene (TTB, 6) was prepared through a new, high yield route along with pi-extended derivatives 10 and 11. Electropolymerization of tris-EDOT derivative 11 results in a highly stable cross-linked conjugated polymer that shows polaron confinement between the TTB units as confirmed by UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry and EPR.
Feasible connectivity solutions of PLC for rural and remote areas (2008)

Power line communication (PLC) is considered an attractive broadband delivery system because it can reach more homes than coaxial cable systems or telephone lines. In markets not served by DSL or cable, PLC can provides a cost-effective connectivity solution. Also known as “third wire” technology, PLC offer applications to rural and remote area in attractive modes like: i) high speed backbone over medium voltage power lines; ii) last mile access network through residential power distribution; iii) last inch access to distribute data communication inside home.
Identifying patterns in informal sources of security information (2015)

Computer users have access to computer security information from many different sources, but few people receive explicit computer security training. Despite this lack of formal education, users regularly make many important security decisions, such as “Should I click on this potentially shady link?” or “Should I enter my password into this form?” For these decisions, much knowledge comes from incidental and informal learning. To better understand differences in the security-related information available to users for such learning, we compared three informal sources of computer security information: news articles, web pages containing computer security advice, and stories about the experiences of friends and family. Using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model, we found that security information from peers usually focuses on who conducts attacks, information containing expertise focuses instead on how attacks are conducted, and information from the news focuses on the consequences of attacks. These differences may prevent users from understanding the persistence and frequency of seemingly mundane threats (viruses, phishing), or from associating protective measures with the generalized threats the users are concerned about (hackers). Our findings highlight the potential for sources of informal security education to create patterns in user knowledge that affect their ability to make good security decisions.
Protecting access privacy of cached contents in information centric networks (2012)

In information centric network (ICN), contents are fetched by their names from caches deployed in the network or from origin servers. Once the contents are fetched from the origin server, it is replicated and cached in all routers along the routing and forwarding paths from the user that issues the interest to the origin server, thus allowing further "interests" by other users to be fulfilled quickly. However, the way ICN caching and interest fulfillment work pose a great privacy risk; the time difference between response for interest of cached and uncached contents can be used as an indicator to infer whether or not a near-by user previously requested the same contents requested by the adversary. This work introduces the extent to which the problem is applicable in ICN and provides several solutions to address it.
Objective assessment of the minimal irritant reaction induced by a 70% solution of glycolic acid (1997)

Our data demonstrate that despite the persistence of higher TEWL values, glycolic acid induced irritation causes a prolonged increase in capacitance that corresponds to modifications in epidermal reflectivity. Epidermal alterations are associated with dermal edema, as evaluated by ultrasound.
IDENTIFYING MOLECULAR TARGETS AND VALIDATING NOVEL THERAPIES FOR OVARIAN CANCER (2018)

Re-purposing of targeted therapies for additional tumor types is a promising avenue for expanding treatment options for cancer patients, however accurately predicting what re-purposed targeted therapy will be effective remains challenging. To address this need, we developed a Therapy Predicting Tool (TPT) that accurately predicts the beneficial therapeutic effect of clinically relevant targeted therapies and the downstream pathways they may impact in the cancer of interest. Using ovarian cancer as a model to biologically validate our tool, we determined that Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif inhibitors (BETis), which target proteins such as BRD4, held the greatest promise to produce therapeutic effects and impact relevant oncogenic gene targets, such as Notch3, in this disease. In our pre-clinical models, we demonstrated that BETis produce therapeutic effects and prolong survival. Furthermore, we discovered that BRD4 directly regulates Notch3 transcription and its downstream targets in ovarian cancer. Our findings provide a basis for further exploration and application of our tool to identify and re-purpose targeted therapies for specific tumor types.
Detection of JC virus DNA in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (1992)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) results from lytic infection of oligodendrocytes by JC virus (JCV). Although JCV has been identified in mononuclear cells in bone marrow and hematogenous dissemination of the virus to the central nervous system has been suspected, JCV has never been clearly demonstrated in the peripheral circulation. Using polymerase chain reaction technology, we examined peripheral lymphocytes of 19 patients with brain biopsy-proven PML for the JCV genome. Two non-PML control groups, consisting of 26 patients seopositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and 30 immunocompetent patients with Parkinson's disease, were also examined for the presence of the JCV genome in lymphocytes. Cerebrospinal fluid from 10 patients with PML was examined for the presence of the JCV genome as well. The JCV genome was detected in the lymphocytes of 89% (17) of the patients with PML, 38% (10) of the HIV-1-seropositive patients without PML, and none of the patients with Parkinson's disease. Sequencing of the JCV regulatory region from the lymphocytes of three patients revealed the prototype MAD-1 strain of JCV in one patient with PML, a MAD-4 strain in a second patient with PML, and a slightly modified MAD-4 strain in an HIV-1-positive patient without PML. Only 3 of 10 patients with PML who had JCV detected in lymphocytes had the JCV genome in their cerebrospinal fluid. These results demonstrate that the JCV genome can be found in circulating lymphocytes from patients with PML and suggest that lymphocytes are an important vector for hematogenous dissemination of JCV to the central nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rapid accommodation of payloads on the Standard Interface Vehicle through use of a standard payload interface (2013)

The STPSat-3 mission is the second flight of the Space Test Program Standard Interface Vehicle (STP-SIV) spacecraft platform. STP-SIV is a small spacecraft bus with well-defined, documented, and controlled standard interfaces for up to four payloads, a ground system, and a variety of launch vehicles. It was developed by the Space Development & Test Directorate (SD) of the USAF Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) with prime contractor Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. (BATC) STP-SIV provides the space community with a defined yet configurable standard spacecraft-to-payload interface on which to base payload designs for rapid mission development. Rather than designing a unique spacecraft for each payload, the standards provide adaptable interfaces to accommodate a range of payloads. The flexibility to make payload manifest decisions after completion of spacecraft bus integration was demonstrated on both the first (STPSat-2) and second (STPSat-3) SIV missions. For STPSat-2, which is currently on-orbit, accommodation included the late addition of a new 3rd payload after the bus was complete. For STPSat-3, the ability to rapidly accommodate new payloads was demonstrated by the manifest of replacement payloads following cancellation of one primary instrument, with only harness and bracket modifications. In both cases, payloads were added and removed without impacting the baseline design, the spacecraft bus, or the ILC date. This paper will discuss how a wide range of payloads can be rapidly accommodated though the use of a Standard Interface Vehicle, as demonstrated on the STPSat-2 and STPSat-3 missions. A detailed discussion of the changing payload manifest on STPSat-3 will provide a real-world example of how a standard payload interface can provide many payloads with rapid access to space.
The Significance Of Viewing Time In The Visual Fixation Process (2005)

Our purpose is to clarify the significance of viewing time while fixating on a certain point of an image. A new sight-line displacement analyzer has been developed that limits the subject's viewing time by inserting a masking pattern in his focusing area. Eye movement was analyzed while the subject counted circles in a pattern filled with distractors. The mean fixation duration during this counting, which corresponds to the counting processing time, was about 350 msec. Counting was executed fairly accurately when a mask was presented at 66 msec after fixation was detected. Results indicate that visual information can be acquired in less than 66 msec.