gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-cost uncooled infrared detector arrays in standard CMOS (2003)

This paper reports the development of a low-cost 128 x 128 uncooled infrared focal plane array (FPA) based on suspended and thermally isolated CMOS p<sup>+</sup>-active/n-well diodes. The FPA is fabricated using a standard 0.35 μm CMOS process followed by simple post-CMOS bulk micromachining that does not require any critical lithography or complicated deposition steps; and therefore, the cost of the uncooled FPA is almost equal to the cost of the CMOS chip. The post-CMOS fabrication steps include an RIE etching to reach the bulk silicon and an anisotropic silicon etching to obtain thermally isolated pixels. During the RIE etching, CMOS metal layers are used as masking layers, and therefore, narrow openings such as 2 μm can be defined between the support arms. This approach allows achieving small pixel size of 40 μm x 40 μm with a fill factor of 44%. The FPA is scanned at 30 fps by monolithically integrated multi-channel parallel readout circuitry which is composed of low-noise differential transconductance amplifiers, switched capacitor (SC) integrators, sample-and-hold circuits, and various other circuit blocks for reducing the effects of variations in detector voltage and operating temperature. The fabricated detector has a temperature coefficient of -2 mV/K, a thermal conductance value of 1.8 x 10<sup>-7</sup> W/K, and a thermal time constant value of 36 msec, providing a measured DC responsivity (R) of 4970 V/W under continuous bias. Measured detector noise is 0.69 μV in 8 kHz bandwidth at 30 fps scanning rate, resulting a measured detectivity (D*) of 9.7 x 10<sup>8</sup> cm√HzW. Contribution of the <i>1/f</i> noise component is found to be negligible due to the single crystal nature of the silicon n-well and its low value at low bias levels. The noise of the readout circuit is measured as 0.76 μV, resulting in an expected NETD value of 1 K when scanned at 30 fps using f=1 optics. This NETD value can be decreased below 350 mK by decreasing the electrical bandwidth with the help of increased number of parallel readout channels and by optimizing the post-CMOS etching steps. The uniformity of the array is very good due to the mature CMOS fabrication technology. The measured uncorrected differential voltage non-uniformity for the 128 x 128 array pixels after the CMOS fabrication is 0.2% with a standard deviation of only 1.5 mV, which is low due to the improved array structure that can compensate for the voltage drops along the routing resistances in the array. Non-uniformity of temperature sensitivity of the array pixels is measured to be less than 3% with a mean and standard deviation of -2.05 mV/K and 61 μV/K, respectively. The temperature sensitivity of the differential pixel voltages has a measured mean value of 2.3 μV/K, relaxing the requirements on the temperature stabilization. Considering its performance and its simple fabrication steps, the proposed method is very cost-effective to fabricate large format focal plane arrays for low-cost infrared imaging applications.
Phase Diagrams Map the Properties of Antiviral Agents Directed against Hepatitis B Virus Core Assembly (2012)

Assembly effectors are small molecules that induce inappropriate virus capsid assembly to antiviral effect. To identify attributes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) assembly effectors, assembly reaction products (normal capsid, noncapsid polymer, intermediates, and free dimeric core protein) were quantified in the presence of three experimental effectors: HAP12, HAP13, and AT-130. Effectors bound stoichiometrically to capsid protein polymers, but not free protein. Thermodynamic and kinetic effects, not aberrant assembly, correlate with maximal antiviral activity.
A high performance linear equation solver on the VPP500 parallel supercomputer (1994)

This paper describes the implementation of two high performance linear equation solvers developed for the Fujitsu VPP500, a distributed memory parallel supercomputer system. The solvers take advantage of the key architectural features of VPP500--(1) scalability for an arbitrary number of processors up to 222 processors, (2) flexible data transfer among processors provided by a crossbar interconnection network, (3) vector processing capability on each processor, and (4) overlapped computation and data transfer. The general linear equation solver based on the blocked LU decomposition method achieves 120.0 GFLOPS performance with 100 processors in the LINPACK Highly Parallel Computing benchmark.
Phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a Ta2O5/KTiOPO4 waveguide (1994)

Highly efficient phase-matched second-harmonic generation (TEω00-like mode to TE2ω10-like mode) using waveguide modal dispersions is reported. The waveguide is composed of a KTiOPO4 substrate, a Ta2O5 thin-film core, and a SiO2 clad in the strip-loaded configuration. Normalized conversion efficiency of around 1000%/W cm2 and the blue (413 nm) second-harmonic power of 13 mW were achieved with a 4.1-mm-long waveguide. The output beam of the second-harmonic wave showed a single-peak power profile, in spite of being first-order mode in the film thickness directions.
Constraint Translational And Rotational Motion Filtering For Video Stabilization (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Half-rail differential logic (2002)

Demand for low-power circuits has spurred designers to depart from conventional circuit techniques to venture into more power-efficient alternatives. Charge recycling improves power efficiency by re-using the stored charge in differential logic for precharging. In addition by drawing less current, switching noise on the supply rails is reduced due to reduced voltage swings at the output nodes. Half rail differential logic (HRDL) is an implementation of this power saving technique. An experimental eight-stage inverter chain in MOSIS 1.2 /spl mu/m verifies the performance of HRDL.
The role of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in the establishment and proliferation of <i>Bifidobacterium infantis</i> in the infant gut (2008)

The molecular basis by which human breast milk supports the development of a protective intestinal microbiome in infants is unknown. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are quantitatively the third largest and most diverse component of breast milk. HMOs are believed to provide protection against pathogens and prebiotic enrichment of beneficial commensals such as bifidobacteria. Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697, an isolate from the infant gut, preferentially consumes four milk oligosaccharides representing nearly 70% of all HMOs present in milk. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of HMOs in establishing and promoting a Bifidobacteria‐rich gut microflora in infants. When B. infantis is pre‐grown on HMOs versus lactose, there is a two‐fold increase in its binding ability to Caco2 cells. To further understand this interaction we have measured the global changes in gene expression of Caco2 cells in the presence of HMOs and B. infantis . This approach will serve as model for understanding how nutrients in a diet (HMOs) influence the interactions between gut microbiota and epithelial cells to effect human health. Research support provided by the California Dairy Research Foundation and UC Discovery Grants.
Stable operation of self-sustained pulsation in 650-nm-band AlGaInP visible lasers with highly doped saturable absorbing layer (1996)

Self-sustained pulsating 650-nm-band AlGaInP visible lasers were fabricated by adopting a new structure, which has a highly doped saturable absorbing (HDSA) layer. Since the doping level and the thickness of the HDSA layer could be controlled accurately by using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy growth technique, a stable operation of self-sustained pulsation up to 60 °C was obtained. The lasers operated over 1350 h under the average output power of 5 mW at 60 °C. The relative intensity noise values were below −136 dB/Hz in the temperature ranging from 20–60 °C and remained unchanged after life test.
Ultrashort-pulse laser system for hard dental tissue procedures (1996)

In spite of intensive research, lasers have not replaced conventional tools in many hard tissue applications. Ultrashort pulse lasers offer several advantages in their highly per-pulse-efficient operation, negligible thermal and mechanical damage and low noise operation. Possible development of optimal laser systems to replace the high-speed dental drill is discussed. Applications of ultrashort pulse systems for dental procedures are outlined. Selection criteria and critical parameters are considered, and are compared to the conventional air-turbine drill and to long and short pulsed systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted 3‐(2‐Benzoxazyl)‐benzimidazol‐2‐(1H)‐ones: A New Class of GABA<sub>A</sub> Brain Receptor Ligands (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Straw Detector for High Rate, High Resolution Neutron Imaging (2006)

Instrument requirements in soon to be commissioned and planned neutron scattering facilities call for large area detectors that can sustain rates up to 10/sup 8/ cps and millimeter-level spatial resolution. Although /sup 3/He pressurized area detectors can provide good spatial resolution, sensitivity and gamma ray discrimination, this technology cannot achieve the required rates without further development. Moreover, achieving large detection areas with pressurized /sup 3/He technology is expensive because of the complexity of the pressure containing vessels required. We propose a detector technology, based on thin-walled straws, lined with a 1 /spl mu/m thick sputter coating of enriched boron carbide (/sup 10/B/sub 4/C). Neutrons converted in /sup 10/B generate charged particles that subsequently ionize the gas contained within each straw. Because the /sup 10/B/sub 4/C coating is very thin, efficient escape of the reaction products can be achieved. A panel detector consisting of several thousand close-packed individual straws, which are read out independently, can easily support high event rates. We present performance testing of two 50-straw prototypes (non-enriched B/sub 4/C), including detection efficiency, spatial resolution, and two-dimensional imaging. Each straw has a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 1 m. Additional tests of a single 50 cm long straw, 2 mm in diameter are also presented.
Off‐resonance spin locking for MR imaging (1994)

Off-resonance spin locking is investigated as a low power method for achieving low field spin-lattice relaxation contrast using high field clinical MR imaging systems (e.g., 1.5 tesla). Spin-lattice relaxation times and equilibrium magnetizations in the off-resonance rotating frame (T1 rho(off), beta) were measured for tissue-mimicking phantom materials as a function of the ratio of the amplitude to the resonance offset of the spin-locking pulse (f1/delta). The phantom materials consisted of vegetable oil to simulate fat and two different gels containing 2% and 4% agar to simulate nonfatty tissues with different macromolecular compositions. These measurements were used to verify a signal strength equation for a multislice off-resonance spin-locking technique implemented on a clinical MR imaging system operating at 1.5 tesla. Although the oil showed little change in image contrast with increasing f1/delta, the two gels demonstrated a strong variation which provided improved discrimination compared to T1-weighted imaging. Off-resonance spin locking is suggested as a method for improving delineation of breast lesions and a preliminary clinical example from a patient volunteer is presented.
One-pot formation of SnO2 hollow nanospheres and α-Fe2O3@SnO2 nanorattles with large void space and their lithium storage properties (2009)

In this work, uniform SnO(2) hollow nanospheres with large void space have been synthesized by a modified facile method. The void space can be easily controlled by varying the reaction time. The formation of interior void space is based on an inside-out Ostwald ripening mechanism. More importantly, this facile one-pot process can be extended to fabricate rattle-type hollow structures using alpha-Fe(2)O(3)@SnO(2) as an example. Furthermore, the electrochemical lithium storage properties have been investigated. It is found that alpha-Fe(2)O(3)@SnO(2) nanorattles manifest a much lower initial irreversible loss and higher reversible capacity compared to SnO(2) hollow spheres. This interesting finding supports a general hypothesis that a synergistic effect between functional core and shell materials can lead to improved lithium storage capabilities.
Optimal positioning of ladle in automatic pouring machine in consideration of pouring liquid accurately into sprue (2017)

In this paper, we propose the solution of optimization problem about positioning of ladle in automatic pouring machine in casting industry. In recent years, automation of pouring process has been advanced to improve working environment. Pouring process requires to pour quickly and accurately the molten metal into the mold. However, it is difficult to pour accurately into the mold by using tilting-ladle-type automatic pouring machine due to varying trajectory of outflow liquid from the ladle. In order to solve this problem, the position control of the outflow liquid has been realized by the conventional approaches. In these approaches, the ladle is transferred dynamically in a horizontal direction for controlling the position of the outflow liquid. However, the sloshing of the liquid in the ladle can be excited by transferring the ladle with inappropriate acceleration. In this study, we propose the optimal positioning of the ladle in consideration of pouring the liquid accurately into the sprue without the sloshing. In this approach, the horizontal and vertical position of pouring mouth in ladle is determined before pouring, and held while pouring. The effectiveness of the proposed approach can be verified through the experiments using the laboratory type automatic pouring machine.
Multiview extension of HEVC using reduced resolution disparity information for inter-view prediction tools (2012)

This paper investigates the effect of reducing the resolution of estimated depth maps that are used for inter-view motion and residual prediction in a multiview extension of HEVC. The investigated HEVC extension includes disparity compensated prediction similar to the MVC extension of H.264/AVC. For further increasing the coding efficiency, the obtained disparity vectors are used to estimate depth maps, which are employed by two additional tools: The inter-view motion prediction uses the estimated data for predicting motion vectors of dependent views from the independent view while the inter-view residual prediction uses the depth data for predicting the residual data of dependent views. Simulations showed that, on average, bit rate savings of about 10% for the dependent views are achieved by enabling the additional coding tools. By reducing the resolution of the estimated depth maps, the decoding complexity overhead associated with the inter-view motion and residual prediction can be significantly decreased from about 167% to 128% at the expense of a minor bit rate increase of about 0.5%.
Stable Polythiophene Semiconductors Incorporating Thieno[2,3-<i>b</i>]thiophene (2005)

This work describes a new design methodology that allows the preparation of air stable, semiconducting thiophene polymers with high charge carrier mobilities. The incorporation of thieno[2,3-b]thiophene into a polythiophene backbone introduces cross-conjugated double bonds that disfavor full delocalization, leading to high ionization potential in comparison to a fully conjugated polythiophene, with no reduction in charge carrier mobility. The resulting solution processable polymers exhibit charge carrier mobilities up to 0.15 cm2/V s and on/off ratios greater than 105 when measured in air. Transistors exhibit lifetimes of several months in air with no encapsulation necessary.
Passive 3D sensing, and reconstruction using multi-view imaging (2010)

Multiple camera views of a scene are utilized to detect and reconstruct object surfaces in three dimensions. Special attention is paid to the reconstruction of occluded objects which are only partially visible. Input images can be obtained from either an array of cameras or a single moving camera. The formulation is based on a capture and display technique developed in the optics community. Various sharpness metrics are explored for estimating the locations of visible surfaces in the volume, and reconstruction is posed as an optimization problem. Realistic object reconstructions are demonstrated on sets of data consisting of real images.
Bistable optically controlled semiconductor switches in a frequency-agile RF source (1997)

The processes of persistent photoconductivity followed by photoquenching have been demonstrated at megawatt power levels in copper-compensated, silicon-doped, semi-insulating gallium arsenide. These processes allow a photoconductive switch to be developed that can be closed by the application of one laser pulse (/spl lambda/=1.06 /spl mu/m) and opened by the application of a second laser pulse with a wavelength equal to twice that of the first laser (/spl lambda/=2.13 /spl mu/m). This switch is called the bistable optically controlled semiconductor switch (BOSS). The opening phase of the BOSS requires a sufficient concentration of recombination centers (RC) in the material for opening to occur in the subnanosecond regime. These RC's are generated in the bulk GaAs material by fast-neutron irradiation (/spl sim/1 MeV). Neutron-irradiated BOSS devices have been opened against a rising average electric field of about 36 kV/cm (18 kV) in a time less than 1 ns while operating at a repetition rate, within a two-pulse burst, of about 1 GHz. The ability to modify the frequency content of the electrical pulses, by varying the time separation, is demonstrated. Results demonstrating the operation of two BOSS devices imbedded in a frequency-agile RF source configuration are also discussed.
Design of Potent and Proteolytically Stable Oxyntomodulin Analogs (2016)

Incretin-based peptides are effective therapeutics for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxyntomodulin (OXM), a dual agonist of GLP-1R and GCGR, has shown superior weight loss and glucose lowering effects, compared to single GLP-1R agonists. To overcome the short half-life and rapid renal clearance of OXM, which limit its therapeutic potential, both lipid and PEG modified OXM analogs have been reported. However, these approaches often result in reduced potency or PEG-associated toxicity. Herein, we report a new class of cross-linked OXM analogs that show increased plasma stability and higher potency in activating both GLP-1R and GCGR. Moreover, the extended in vivo half-life results in superior antihyperglycemic activity in mice compared to the wild-type OXM.
Roles of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in cell survival and differentiation in the endocrine pancreas. (2001)

To determine the roles of the ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels in endocrine pancreas more directly, two types of genetically engineered Kir6.2 mice were developed: mice expressing a dominant-negative form of Kir6.2 specifically in beta-cells (Kir6.2G132S Tg mice) and mice lacking Kir6.2 (Kir6.2-/- or Kir6.2 null mice). The Kir6.2G132S Tg mice show severe impairment of K(ATP) channel function only in the beta-cells, whereas Kir6.2 null mice are completely defective in K(ATP) channel function in all of the cells in which Kir6.2 is a constituent of the K(ATP) channels, because of the disruption of Kir6.2. Both types of mice show abnormal architecture of the pancreatic islets. The number of beta-cells in Kir6.2G132S Tg mice decreases markedly with age, whereas that in Kir6.2-/- mice decreases slightly. alpha-Cells, which are normally present only in the periphery of pancreatic islets, also appear in the center of the islets in both Kir6.2G132S Tg and Kir6.2-/- mice. Interestingly, the number of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-positive cells is markedly increased in Kir6.2 null mice, whereas the number of PP cells and delta-cells is not altered. Apoptotic cells are detected by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method at a high frequency in both Kir6.2G372S Tg and Kir6.2-/- mice compared with the respective controls. Thus, studies of Kir6.2G372S Tg and Kir6.2-/- mice indicate that K(ATP) channels play an important role in cell survival and differentiation in the endocrine pancreas.
A Sensitive Method for Evaluating Condoms as Virus Barriers (1997)

A standard test is needed to evaluate condoms as barriers against sexually transmitted diseases, particularly those caused by viruses. The proposed method presented here consists of a previously published simple method using physiologic-based conditions plus improvements to increase test sensitivity and decrease confounding factors such as contamination. Limitations of the method were determined by measuring virus penetration through small, well-defined holes. The method can detect penetration of 2 nL (2 x 10(-6) mL) of challenge virus suspension as well as a hole of 2 microns diameter in a latex condom. The data also indicated that virus penetration of latex condoms occurred quickly, and the hole was then apparently closed or blocked.
An advanced timing characterization method using mode dependecy (2001)

To address the problem of accurate timing characterization, this paper proposes a method that fully exploits mode dependency. It is based on the premise that circuit delays are determined largely by a set of control inputs for which the number of useful combinations, i.e., modes, is small for most practical circuits. We take the mode-dependent characterization approach further and enhance it so that the delays of the I/O paths between the control inputs and outputs are calculated more accurately. We prove that, with a careful choice of propagation conditions, our method can generate timing models with very tight path delays that are guaranteed to give correct results. Experimental results using real-life circuits show that cir-cuit delays can vary significantly among different modes for both control and data input delays, and capturing this variation can have a significant impact on the overall system timing.
K-SVD and its non-negative variant for dictionary design (2005)

In recent years there is a growing interest in the study of sparse representation for signals. Using an overcomplete dictionary that contains prototype signal-atoms, signals are described as sparse linear combinations of these atoms. Recent activity in this field concentrated mainly on the study of pursuit algorithms that decompose signals with respect to a given dictionary. Designing dictionaries to better fit the above model can be done by either selecting pre-specified transforms, or by adapting the dictionary to a set of training signals. Both these techniques have been considered in recent years, however this topic is largely still open. In this paper we address the latter problem of designing dictionaries, and introduce the K-SVD algorithm for this task. We show how this algorithm could be interpreted as a generalization of the K-Means clustering process, and demonstrate its behavior in both synthetic tests and in applications on real data. Finally, we turn to describe its generalization to nonnegative matrix factorization problem that suits signals generated under an additive model with positive atoms. We present a simple and yet efficient variation of the K-SVD that handles such extraction of non-negative dictionaries.