gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SE-Mask R-CNN: An improved Mask R-CNN for apple detection and segmentation (2021)

Fruit detection and segmentation is an essential operation of orchard yield estimation, the result of yield estimation directly depends on the speed and accuracy of detection and segmentation. In this work, we propose an effective method based on Mask R-CNN to detect and segment apples under complex environment of orchard. Firstly, the squeeze-and-excitation block is introduced into the ResNet-50 backbone, which can distribute the available computational resources to the most informative feature map in channel-wise. Secondly, the aspect ratio is introduced into the bounding box regression loss, which can promote the regression of bounding boxes by deforming the shape of bounding boxes to the apple boxes. Finally, we replace the NMS operation in Mask R-CNN by Soft-NMS, which can remove the redundant bounding boxes and obtain the correct detection results reasonably. The experimental result on the Minneapple dataset demonstrates that our method overperform several state-of-the-art on apple detection and segmentation.
Access methods of a two‐dimensional access memory by two‐dimensional inverse omega network (1991)

Abstract This paper discusses an organization of a parallel memory, in which any local area of a two‐dimensional (2‐D) array can be accessed. The proposed memory system is composed of a memory array, which is a 2‐D array composed of memory modules and a 2‐D interconnection network with a 2‐D array of input/output terminals. It is used with a 2‐D processor array for local parallel processing, realizing a parallel access to sub‐arrays of the 2‐D array stored in the memory array. This paper describes a method to store the 2‐D array in the memory system, a method of address generation for the memory array to perform parallel access, and a control method for the interconnection network. It is shown that those ideas can be realized by a simple hardware, and the proposed memory system is useful in the computer executing the local parallel processing of 2‐D arrays.
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems Immune to Any Reduction into the Discrete Logarithm Problem (1993)

In 1990, Menezes, Okamoto and Vanstone proposed a method that reduces EDLP to DLP, which gave an impact on the security of cryptosystems based on EDLP. But this reducing is valid only when Weil pairing can be defined over the m-torsion group which includes the base point of EDLP. If an elliptic curve is ordinary, there exists EDLP to which we cannot apply the reducing. In this paper, we investigate the condition for which this reducing is invalid. key words: Public-key, Discrete logarithms, Elliptic curves. 1
Learning predictive statistics from temporal sequences: Dynamics and strategies (2017)

Human behavior is guided by our expectations about the future. Often, we make predictions by monitoring how event sequences unfold, even though such sequences may appear incomprehensible. Event structures in the natural environment typically vary in complexity, from simple repetition to complex probabilistic combinations. How do we learn these structures? Here we investigate the dynamics of structure learning by tracking human responses to temporal sequences that change in structure unbeknownst to the participants. Participants were asked to predict the upcoming item following a probabilistic sequence of symbols. Using a Markov process, we created a family of sequences, from simple frequency statistics (e.g., some symbols are more probable than others) to context-based statistics (e.g., symbol probability is contingent on preceding symbols). We demonstrate the dynamics with which individuals adapt to changes in the environment's statistics-that is, they extract the behaviorally relevant structures to make predictions about upcoming events. Further, we show that this structure learning relates to individual decision strategy; faster learning of complex structures relates to selection of the most probable outcome in a given context (maximizing) rather than matching of the exact sequence statistics. Our findings provide evidence for alternate routes to learning of behaviorally relevant statistics that facilitate our ability to predict future events in variable environments.
Insights into rootstock biology under low oxygen (2015)

The use of rootstocks by the fruit industry is essential nowadays because of their ability to effectively improve yield, induce tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, increase water and mineral use efficiency, modify plant growth and canopy architecture, and facilitate renewal of old plantations. Rootstocks are also important to increase mechanization and reduce labor costs in modern fruit orchards and help growers cope with the effects of global climate change. This last aspect is becoming an important issue in cultivated areas where environmental stresses such as frost, drought, and flooding are unpredictable. Changes in temperature and rainfall regimes are also obliging growers to look for new plantation areas. This also implies the use of new types of soils which generate different edaphic conditions for the roots. In Chile, temperature increases have caused the boundary of fruit production to move south where volcanic soils prevail. The edaphic conditions of these soils are different from those of traditional fruit cultivation areas located in the central and northern parts of the country. All of the above aspects increase the interest for new rootstocks better adapted to new climatic and soil conditions. This represents a new challenge for breeders (Gainza et al., 2015a) who need to obtain rootstocks with increased tolerance to biotic stresses (pests and diseases) and environmental stresses such as drought, frost, salinity, high temperature, and flooding. In this special issue, stress caused by low oxygen concentration at the root level, referred to as hypoxia, will be analyzed. Hypoxia is common in heavy soils and is exacerbated by soil compaction and excess water, which are important in the new areas being incorporated for new plantations in southern Chile.
Medical management of colorectal Crohnʼs disease (1996)

Incremental gains continue to be made in the medical management of colorectal Crohn's disease. No longer are we solely dependent on steroids and the limited efficacy of antibiotics and sulfasalazine. The mesalamine drugs in their various forms are proving to be useful for both active disease and maintenance of remission. The immunosuppressive drugs methotrexate and cyclosporine and new topical steroids such as budesonide offer alternatives to azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and conventional steroids. This review discusses these and other nonsurgical therapies for Crohn's disease in the context of active disease, maintenance of remission, and prophylaxis after “curative” resection. These therapies are presented in the context of both ileal and colonic involvement consistent with the typical anatomic pattern of Crohn's disease.
Space-Time Codes for High Data Rate Wireless Communications (2002)

Space-time codes (STC) are a class of signaling techniques, offering coding and diversity gains along with improved spectral efficiency. These codes exploit both the spatial and the temporal diversity of the wireless link by combining the design of the error correction code, modulation scheme and array processing. STC are well suited for improving the downlink performance, which is the bottleneck in asymmetric applications such as downstream Internet. Three original contributions to the area of STC are presented in this dissertation. First, the development of analytic tools that determine the fundamental limits on the performance of STC in a variety of channel conditions. For trellis-type STC, transfer function based techniques are applied to derive performance bounds over Rayleigh, Rician and correlated fading environments. For block-type STC, an analytic framework that supports various complex orthogonal designs with arbitrary signal cardinalities and array configurations is developed. In the second part of the dissertation, the Virginia Tech Space-Time Advanced Radio (VT-STAR) is designed, introducing a multi-antenna
Local networks (1984)

The rapidly evolving field of local network technology has produced a steady stream of local network products in recent years. The IEEE 802 standards that are now taking shape, because of their complexity, do little to narrow the range of alternative technical approaches and at the same time encourage more vendors into the field. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic, organized overview of the alternative architectures for and design approaches to local networks. The key elements that determine the cost and performance of a local network are its topology, transmission medium, and medium access control protocol. Transmission media include twisted pair, baseband and broadband coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Topologies include bus, tree, and ring. Medium access control protocols include CSMA/CD, token bus, token ring, register insertion, and slotted ring. Each of these areas is examined in detail, comparisons are drawn between competing technologies, and the current status of standards is reported.
Rheology of sheared flexible fiber suspensions via fiber-level simulations (2003)

We employ a particle-level simulation technique to investigate the rheology of non-Brownian, flexible fiber suspensions in simple shear flow. The model incorporates a variety of realistic features including fiber flexibility, fiber deformation, and frictional contacts. The viscosity of fiber suspensions is strongly influenced by the fiber equilibrium shape, interfiber friction, and fiber stiffness. The viscosity of the suspension increases as the fiber curvature, the coefficient of friction, or the fiber stiffness is increased. The yield stress of fiber suspensions scales with the volume fraction in a manner similar to that observed experimentally. Fiber suspensions that flocculate exhibit a shear thinning regime that extends to shear rates lower than those observed for homogeneous suspensions.
Design and analysis of a displacement amplifier with high load capacity by combining bridge-type and Scott-Russell mechanisms (2019)

To improve the load capacity of flexure-based amplification mechanisms, a flexure-based displacement amplification mechanism is developed in this study by combining the bridge-type and the Scott-Russell mechanisms. The four arms of the traditional bridge mechanism are replaced by four Scott-Russell mechanisms that provide the advantages of good symmetry, compact structure, and higher load capacity. An analytical model is formulated using a stiffness matrix to analyze the natural frequency, input and output stiffnesses, displacement amplification ratio, and load capacity of the proposed mechanism. The design model was subjected to both experimental methods and finite element analysis for verification, and the two sets of results were in good agreement. This proves the effectiveness and applicability of the analytical model and the proposed amplification mechanism. The output stiffnesses of the modified bridge-type amplifier and the traditional bridge-type amplifier are 0.158 N/μm and 0.041 N/μm, respectively, indicating excellent load performance of the modified bridge-type amplifier.
Investigation of Ferroelectricity in Poly(methyl vinylidene cyanide) (2005)

The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of newly synthesized polymer systems have been studied. To date PVDF and its copolymers P(VDF-TrFE) have provided the bulk of the knowledge pertaining to ferroelectricity in polymers. Recently, ultrathin ferroelectric films of P(VDF-TrFE) 70:30 have been fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique Citation[4]. In this study, various new polymers have been synthesized by chemically altering the PVDF structure. This alteration was performed in order to enhance the amphiphilic nature of the polymer and thus improve the LB film quality and control. Various chemical groups have been used to replace the electropositive hydrogen and electronegative fluorine found in the traditional PVDF chemical structure, including Nitrile, Ester, and Methyl groups. In all cases the resulting chemical structure provides for a net dipole moment directed from the electronegative side of the monomer to the electropositive side. However, to obtain ferroelectricity these microscopic dipoles must first pack in a manner such that a reversible macroscopic dipole is obtained. Both structural and dielectric studies have been performed on a number of newly synthesized systems. The structural properties of these new materials were probed using both temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, while dielectric properties were investigated using electric field and temperature-dependent capacitance and polarization measurements. Communicated by Dr. George W. Taylor (Originally presented at the 10th European Meeting on Ferroelectricity; Cambridge; UK; August 3-8, 2003) Keywords: ferroelectricitypolymerLangmuir-BlodgettPACS numbers: 77.80.−e77.84.Jd ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Work at the University of Nebraska was supported by the USA National Science Foundation, the USA Office of Naval Research, the Nebraska Research Initiative. Work at the Institute of Crystallography was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Notes Communicated by Dr. George W. Taylor (Originally presented at the 10th European Meeting on Ferroelectricity; Cambridge; UK; August 3-8, 2003)
Role of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system of Streptococcus mutans GS5 in the regulation of lactose uptake (1984)

When Streptococcus mutans GS5 was grown in equimolar (5 mM) amounts of glucose and lactose, a classical diauxic growth curve was obtained. Glucose was taken up during the first growth phase, followed by a 60-min lag, and then lactose was transported. Synthesis of lactose phosphotransferase system (PTS) enzymes was repressed until the complete exhaustion of glucose, indicative of an inducer exclusion mechanism of repression. The enzyme phospho-beta-galactosidase, however, was found in small amounts even in the presence of glucose. Repression was not observed when GS5 was grown in equimolar amounts of fructose and lactose. Although fructose was taken up preferentially, synthesis of the lactose PTS occurred from the onset of growth in these sugars. It is proposed that a component of the glucose PTS may be a regulatory factor in lactose transport. Glucose PTS- mutants did not display diauxic growth in glucoselactose mixtures and, in fact, transported the disaccharide preferentially.
A web page malicious script detection system (2014)

Security risks brought by Web page information has been a matter that can no longer be ignored. Malicious script is a major challenge the Web sites security is facing currently. According to the data from the Google Research Centre, more than 10% of Web pages is malicious. Especially in China, the proportion of malicious Web pages has reached 43.21%. This paper presents a detection system which is used to locate the malicious scripts in Web pages. It acquires and builds up malicious code features base, URL of hidden links base etc. based on safety data published on security research Web sites. The Web crawler is applied to collecting Web pages source code in this system and learning algorithm for classification is used to train the classifier. The classification results would be evaluated and improved in the end.
United Nations: World Summit on sustainable development — Johannesburg South Africa 26 August to 24 September 2002 [Report A/Conf 199/20 (as re-issued)] (2004)

(2004). United Nations: World Summit on sustainable development — Johannesburg South Africa 26 August to 24 September 2002 [Report A/Conf 199/20 (as re-issued)] Southern African Forestry Journal: Vol. 201, No. 1, pp. 81-82.
A cable-based series elastic actuator with conduit sensor for wearable exoskeletons (2017)

There is currently a scarcity of wearable robotic devices that can practically provide physical assistance in a range of real world activities. Soft wearable exoskeletons, or exosuits, have the potential to be more portable and less restrictive than their rigid counterparts. In this paper, we present the design of an actuation system that has been optimized for use in a soft exosuit for the human arm. The selected design comprises a DC motor and gearbox, a flexible cable conduit transmission, and a custom series elastic force sensor. Placed in series with the transmission conduit, the custom compliant force sensor consists of a translational steel compression spring with a pair of Hall effect sensors for measuring deflection. The custom sensor is validated as an accurate means of measuring cable tension, and it is shown that it can be used in feedback to control the cable tension with high bandwidth. The dynamic effect of the cable-conduit transmission on the force felt at the user interface is characterized by backdriving the system as it renders a range of virtual impedances to the user. We conclude with recommendations for the integration of such an actuation system into a full wearable exosuit.
Terrestrial neutron-induced single-event burnout in SiC power diodes (2011)

Tolerance against single-event burnout (SEB) caused by terrestrial neutrons is one of the urgent issues in practical application of SiC power devices. This paper presents evaluation results of neutron-induced SEB in SiC power diodes and differences between SiC and Si devices from the SEB stand point of view.
Larval Distributions of Some Commercially Valuable Fish Species over the Sydney Continental Shelf (2003)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Dedicated computer-aided detection software for automated 3D breast ultrasound; an efficient tool for the radiologist in supplemental screening of women with dense breasts (2018)

• ABUS with CAD software may speed up reading time without compromising radiologists' accuracy. • CAD software for ABUS might prevent non-detection of malignant breast lesions by radiologists. • Radiologists reading ABUS with CAD software might improve their specificity without losing sensitivity.
High Efficiency and High Sensitivity Wireless Power Transfer and Wireless Power Harvesting Systems. (2016)

In this dissertation, several approaches to improve the efficiency and sensitivity of wireless power transfer and wireless power harvesting systems, and to enhance their performance in fluctuant and unpredictable circumstances are described. Firstly, a nonlinear resonance circuit described by second-order differential equation with cubic-order nonlinearities (the Duffing equation) is developed. The Duffing nonlinear resonance circuit has significantly wider bandwidth as compared to conventional linear resonators, while achieving a similar level of amplitude. The Duffing resonator is successfully applied to the design of WPT systems to improve their tolerance to coupling factor variations stemming from changes of transmission distance and alignment of coupled coils. Subsequently, a high sensitivity wireless power harvester which collects RF energy from AM broadcast stations for powering the wireless sensors in structural health monitoring systems is introduced. The harvester demonstrates the capability of providing net RF power within 6 miles away from a local 50 kW AM station. The aforementioned Duffing resonator is also used in the design of WPH systems to improve their tolerance to frequency misalignment resulting from component aging, coupling to surrounding objects or variations of environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.). At last, a rectifier array circuit with an adaptive power distribution method for wide dynamic range operation is developed. Adaptive power distribution is achieved through impedance transformation of the rectifiers’ nonlinear impedance with a passive network. The rectifier array achieves high RF-to-DC efficiency within a wide range of input power levels, and is useful in both WPT and WPH applications where levels of the RF power collected by the receiver are subject to unpredictable fluctuations.
A simple approach to optimizing ultra-thin SiON gate dielectrics independently for n- and p-MOSFETs (2006)

A technique for optimizing ultra-thin (EOT ~ 1.1-1.3 nm) SiON gate dielectrics independently for n- and p-MOSFETs is demonstrated. Selective nitrogen-enrichment for the nMOS and fluorine incorporation to the pMOS regions were both performed by ion implantation into the Si-substrate with resist masks before gate oxidation. The former provided suppression of gate leakage current and enhancement of drain current to nMOSFETs. The latter improved the NBTI of pMOSFETs without enhancing the B penetration. Moreover, the incorporation of F was found to be a quite useful tool for lowering |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> | in pMOSFETs. The incorporation of F was shown to bring down pMOS |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> | by more than 150 mV without any degradation in hole mobility or short channel effect immunity. Since pMOSFETs with N-rich SiON gate dielectrics, as well as high-k pMOS, suffer from excessively high |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> |, this finding is quite important. In fact, by applying the F-incorporation technique to 65-nm devices, significant I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> enhancement (~8%) was successfully achieved for high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> conditions. This technique is considered operative also for pMOSFETs with high-k gate dielectrics and/or metal gate electrodes
Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR). Solving the mixture analysis problem (2014)

This article is a tutorial that focuses on the main aspects to be considered when applying Multivariate Curve Resolution to analyze multicomponent systems, particularly when the Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm is used.
ISOTOP (2018)

Multi-tenancy in the cloud is a double-edged sword. While it enables cost-effective resource sharing, it increases security risks for the hosted applications. Indeed, multiplexing virtual resources belonging to different tenants on the same physical substrate may lead to critical security concerns such as cross-tenants data leakage and denial of service. Particularly, virtual networks isolation failures are among the foremost security concerns in the cloud. To remedy these, automated tools are needed to verify security mechanisms compliance with relevant security policies and standards. However, auditing virtual networks isolation is challenging due to the dynamic and layered nature of the cloud. Particularly, inconsistencies in network isolation mechanisms across cloud-stack layers, namely, the infrastructure management and the implementation layers, may lead to virtual networks isolation breaches that are undetectable at a single layer. In this article, we propose an offline automated framework for auditing consistent isolation between virtual networks in OpenStack-managed cloud spanning over overlay and layer 2 by considering both cloud layers’ views. To capture the semantics of the audited data and its relation to consistent isolation requirement, we devise a multi-layered model for data related to each cloud-stack layer’s view. Furthermore, we integrate our auditing system into OpenStack, and present our experimental results on assessing several properties related to virtual network isolation and consistency. Our results show that our approach can be successfully used to detect virtual network isolation breaches for large OpenStack-based data centers in reasonable time.