gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Cost Multibeam Phased Array Antenna for Communication with (2010)

Abstract : The U.S. Navy uses both military and commercial satellites for communication purposes. In the existing shipboard communications system, a separate antenna, most likely a reflector antenna, is used to communicate with each satellite. In the future, it is expected that these reflector antennas will be replaced by multi-function, low RCS (radar cross section) phased array antennas. In this report, we have designed (based on an existing method suggested by Amitay and Gans) a unique concept in which a single planar array (on a mobile earth station) can be used to communicate simultaneously with several geostationary satellites by generating multiple independent beams. These beams will need to be scanned in only one plane, thus reducing the number of phase shifters required for each beam. In the orthogonal plane, one or two hard-wired squints will be used to fix the beam position. This method will help to reduce the cost and complexity of phased array antennas on mobile earth stations.
A tripotential glial precursor cell is present in the developing spinal cord (1998)

We have isolated a tripotential glial precursor cell population from spinal cords of E13.5 rats. In vitro, these A2B5+E-NCAM- glial-restricted precursor (GRP) cells can undergo extensive self-renewal, and can differentiate into oligodendrocytes and two distinct astrocyte populations, but do not differentiate into neurons. The differentiation potential of GRP cells is retained through at least three cycles of expansion and recloning. Unlike oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte progenitor cells, freshly isolated GRP cells do not respond to platelet-derived growth factor as a mitogen or survival factor, nor do GRP cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes--or even survive--when plated in mitogen-free chemically defined medium. Exposure to fetal calf serum induces GRP cells to differentiate into A2B5- fibroblast-like astrocytes, whereas growth in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor induces the generation of A2B5+ process-bearing astrocytes. The early appearance of GRP cells during spinal cord development suggests that they may represent the earliest GRP cell population.
Modified Pressure System for Imaging Egg Cracks (2009)

One aspect of grading table eggs is shell checks or cracks. Currently, USDA voluntary regulations require that humans grade a representative sample of all eggs processed. However, as processing plants and packing facilities continue to increase their volume and throughput, human graders are having difficulty matching the pace of the machines. Additionally, some plants also have a problem with micro-cracks that the graders often miss because they are very small and hard to see immediately post-processing but grow and become readily apparent before they reach market. An imaging system was developed to help the grader detect these small micro-cracks. The imaging system utilized one image captured at atmospheric pressure and a second at a slight negative pressure to enhance the crack and make detection much easier. A simple image processing algorithm was then applied to the ratio of these two images, and the resulting image, containing both cracked and/or intact eggs were color-coded to simplify identification. The imaging system was capable of imaging 15 eggs in about 0.75 s, and the algorithm processing took about another 10 s. These times could easily be reduced with a compiled program specifically written for the application. In analyzing 1000 eggs, the system was 99.6% accurate overall with only 0.3% false positives, compared to 94.2% accurate overall for the human graders with 1.2% false positives. An international patent on the system has been filed, and further automation of the system is needed.
Subsidence measurement and DSM extraction of IFSAR data using anisotropic diffusion and wavelet denoising filters (2008)

The most commonly used smoothing algorithms for complex data processing are low pass filters. Unfortunately, an undesired side effect of the aforementioned techniques is the blurring of scene discontinuities in the interferogram. For Digital Surface Map (DSM) extraction and subsidence measurement, the smoothing of the scene discontinuities can cause inaccuracy in the final product. Our goal is to perform spatially non-uniform smoothing to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages. We achieve this by using an Anisotropic Non-Linear Diffuser (ANDI). Here, in this paper we will show the utility of ANDI filtering on simulated and actual Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) data for preprocessing, subsidence measurement and DSM extraction to overcome the difficulties of typical filters. We also compare the results of the ANDI filter with a wavelet filter. Finally, we detail some of our results of the New Orleans IFSAR research project with Canadian Space Agency, NASA, and USGS. The Harris LiteSite<sup>TM</sup> Urban 3D Modeling software is used to illustrate some of the results of our RADARSAT-1 processing.
A Novel Marine Seismic Method Making Use Of Continuous Wavefields (2018)

A method that extracts the response of the earth from continuous wavefields on both the source and the receiver side is presented. Seismic data recorded continuously are treated over the entire time length at once. The source(s) can emit signals continuously while moving. The entire source wavefield contributing to each stationary receiver position is derived and used to extract common receiver gathers with the response of the earth. The trace spacing in the resulting gathers can be chosen in processing and corresponding anti-aliasing protection is applied. Real data examples are presented including a comparison between the method based on continuous source and receiver wavefields and a seismic data set acquired and processed based on discrete shot records.
Waveform equalizer for signal reproduced from magnetic recording medium (1987)

First Page
Electromagnetic Enhancement of Pulsed Eddy Current Signals (2007)

The sensitivity of pulsed eddy current (PEC) testing is increased when a layer of magnetic material is placed on the far side of the conductive test piece. This procedure ensures preservation of the lift‐off point of intersection (LOI) feature, otherwise non‐existent for the PEC inspections of magnetic materials. The presented method could find applications in non‐destructive inspections for corrosion thinning, thickness measurement of conductive coatings over ferrous substrates, and integrity of thermally insulated pipes. Laboratory‐obtained examples are given to support the method applicability.
Passive Localization and Synchronization Using Arbitrary Signals (2014)

Time-of-arrival (TOA) localization is tightly coupled with sensor time synchronization. Synchronization can be obtained by GPS, atomic clocks, or message exchange protocols. All methods affect the energy sources and the synchronization protocols use valuable bandwidth. We present self-synchronized localization algorithms that rely exclusively on TOA measurements performed by the sensor network on passing sources rendering it completely passive. The same methods can be applied to time-difference-of- arrival (TDOA) measurements allowing the use of a larger family of signals. Localization performance is close to that provided by a perfectly synchronized network. Such algorithms can also be used for sensor network synchronization and communication networks in general.
Programming quantum computers using design automation (2018)

Recent developments in quantum hardware indicate that systems featuring more than 50 physical qubits are within reach. At this scale, classical simulation will no longer be feasible and there is a possibility that such quantum devices may outperform even classical supercomputers at certain tasks. With the rapid growth of qubit numbers and coherence times comes the increasingly difficult challenge of quantum program compilation. This entails the translation of a high-level description of a quantum algorithm to hardware-specific low-level operations which can be carried out by the quantum device. Some parts of the calculation may still be performed manually due to the lack of efficient methods. This, in turn, may lead to a design gap, which will prevent the programming of a quantum computer. In this paper, we discuss the challenges in fully-automatic quantum compilation. We motivate directions for future research to tackle these challenges. Yet, with the algorithms and approaches that exist today, we demonstrate how to automatically perform the quantum programming flow from algorithm to a physical quantum computer for a simple algorithmic benchmark, namely the hidden shift problem. We present and use two tool flows which invoke RevKit. One which is based on ProjectQ and which targets the IBM Quantum Experience or a local simulator, and one which is based on Microsoft's quantum programming language Q#.
Rapid Dissolving-Debonding Strategy for Optically Transparent Paper Production (2015)

Transparent paper is an alternative substrate for electronic devices due to its unique properties. However, energy-intensive and/or time-consuming procedures currently limit the scalable production of transparent paper. In this report, we demonstrate a rapid process to fabricate optically transparent paper with regenerative cellulose fibers (RCFs) by employing a dissolving-debonding strategy. The RCFs have an average width of 19.3 μm and length of several hundred microns and are prepared into transparent paper by vacuum filtration. This new dissolving-debonding approach enables high production efficiency while creating transparent paper with excellent optical and mechanical properties.
Dual Subsea Choke Applications for High-Pressure Reservoir Development (2007)

Abstract As the petroleum reserve discovery goes deeper in the offshore oil industry, high pressure reserves are discovered. Those wells will produce at very high initial flowing wellhead pressures (&gt; 10,000 psi) and at much lower flowing wellhead pressures after a period of production. This presents a significant challenge for design and operation of the production system, especially, the subsea production choke, being required to have very low flow coefficient (Cv) in early life to restrict flow, and very high Cv in late life to reduce pressure loss. Initially, the pressure across the choke is required to be 5000 psi or higher. Associated with the high pressure loss across the choke, the Joule-Thompson effect will cause much higher temperatures (up to 30-40 °F) at the downstream of the subsea choke compared to non-restricted flow. The elevated temperature challenges the materials of the downstream equipment and the pipelines/risers. This paper presents an innovative concept — using dual subsea chokes to split the pressure to protect the chokes and improve production operations. The advantages and disadvantages of using dual subsea chokes are presented.
SU‐GG‐J‐194: Use of Synchronized Beam Switching for Real‐Time 3D KV‐MV Internal Marker Tracking with Step‐And‐Shoot IMRT (2008)

Purpose: Combined kV‐MV imagining can provide real‐time 3D tumor position information during the actual radiotherapy delivery. Since the treatment delivery beam is used for tracking, only one kV x‐ray source is required for full 3D localization, offering total diagnostic dose reduction and cost savings in comparison to other stereoscopic based methods. Currently, kV‐MV tracking requires simultaneous imagining by both kV and MV imaging systems for real‐time 3D marker positioning. However, with step‐and‐shoot IMRT, treatment beam interruption can result in loss of geometric information, preventing accurate 3D localization. This work uses controlled kV beam switching, together with a correlation algorithm, to maintain continuous real‐time 3D internal marker tracking with step‐and‐shoot IMRT. Method and Materials: A Varian Trilogy, equipped with both kV and MV imaging systems, was used to deliver step‐and‐shoot IMRT prostate plans to a pelvic phantom containing embedded gold cylindrical markers. A correlation algorithm, designed to interconnect detected fiducial locations between the kV and MV imagers, was used for spatial estimation. Actual 3D prostate motion data artificially segmented with kV and MV beam interruptions typical to a step‐and‐shoot IMRT plan was tested with the technique. Results: Application of the correlation function to prostate motion data containing artificially placed beam interruptions results in a tracking accuracy of less than < 2 mm RMS in comparison to the actual motion. For kV source‐to‐detector distances < 70 cm MV scatter interference on kV images is significantly reduced with synchronized kV/MV beam switching. Conclusions: In the presence of beam interruption, correlation can be used to compensate for missing spatial information allowing for full real‐time 3D kV‐MV tracking with step‐and‐shoot IMRT. Additionally, controlled kV beam switching is effective in increasing kV image quality by reducing MV scatter interference.
Optimizing pipelined networks of associative and commutative operators (1994)

A method of tree-height minimization of networks of commutative and associative operators is described. The algorithm aims at minimizing latency and shimming delays in a synchronous data flow architecture such as that used in bit/digit-serial computation. The algorithm rearranges adder/subtractor trees to meet the joint goals, often allowing otherwise impossible scheduling constraints to be met. The algorithmic methods are found to apply also to trees of adders and shifters, such as those found in shift/add multipliers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative analysis of retina layer elasticity based on automatic 3D segmentation (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye condition that is considered to be one of the leading causes of blindness among people over 50. Recent studies suggest that the mechanical properties in retina layers are affected during the early onset of disease. Therefore, it is necessary to identify such changes in the individual layers of the retina so as to provide useful information for disease diagnosis. In this study, we propose using an acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) system to dynamically excite the porcine retina and detect the vibrational displacement with phase resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography. Due to the vibrational mechanism of the tissue response, the image quality is compromised during elastogram acquisition. In order to properly analyze the images, all signals, including the trigger and control signals for excitation, as well as detection and scanning signals, are synchronized within the OCE software and are kept consistent between frames, making it possible for easy phase unwrapping and elasticity analysis. In addition, a combination of segmentation algorithms is used to accommodate the compromised image quality. An automatic 3D segmentation method has been developed to isolate and measure the relative elasticity of every individual retinal layer. Two different segmentation schemes based on random walker and dynamic programming are implemented. The algorithm has been validated using a 3D region of the porcine retina, where individual layers have been isolated and analyzed using statistical methods. The errors compared to manual segmentation will be calculated.
Joint Beamforming and Association Design for MIMO Radar (2019)

A critical task of a radar receiver is data association, which assigns radar target detections to target filter tracks. Motivated by its importance, this paper introduces the problem of jointly designing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar transmit beam patterns and the corresponding data association schemes. We show that the coupling of the beamforming and the association subproblems can be conveniently parameterized by what we term an ambiguity graph, which prescribes if two targets are to be disambiguated by the beamforming design or by the data association scheme. The choice of ambiguity graph determines which of the two subproblems is more difficult and, therefore, allows to trade performance of one versus the other, resulting in a detection-association tradeoff. We show how to design both the beam pattern and the association scheme for a given ambiguity graph. We then discuss how to choose an ambiguity graph achieving close to the optimal detection-association trade-off.
Studies of the optical bandwidth of a 25 W 2 µm band PM hybrid Ho-/Tm-doped fiber amplifier (2019)

New developments in LIDAR and atmospheric sensing experiments highlight the need for studies of the optical bandwidth and wavelength dependence of multi-watt, large bandwidth, high dynamic range polarization-maintaining optical amplifiers in the 2—2.1 μm band. Recently we have demonstrated a hybrid single clad-double clad Tm-doped fiber amplifier with greater than 20 W output and a dynamic range of <20 dB in the 2 μm band, and a <25W output PM hybrid HDFA/TDFA with a dynamic range of 34 dB. Both demonstrations were carried out at a single input wavelength of 2051 nm. In this paper we extend our experimental studies to the signal wavelength dependence of a PM hybrid HDFA/TDFA with a single clad Hodoped preamplifier [4-7] and a double clad Tm-doped power amplifier. We have studied the performance of the amplifier from 2004 to 2108 nm, and in this paper, we report first experimental results for this wavelength region. We find that our hybrid Ho-Tm-doped design provides a PM fiber amplifier with a combination of large output optical signal-to-noise ratio, broad operating bandwidth, and high P<sub>out</sub> of 28.5 W at λs = 2069 nm.
Online Adaptive Teleoperation via Incremental Intent Modeling (2017)

We present a task-independent framework that is amenable to long-duration teleoperation of a mobile robot in an unknown scenario, using incremental intent models. In particular, we focus on constructive teleoperation in performing an unknown task without knowledge of the environment, while allowing user to retain full control over the set of motions. We evaluate our method on a quadrotor flying in a lemniscate maneuver as a proof-of-concept experiment, and show reduced joystick entropy. We conclude with a discussion regarding our on-going investigation with this framework.
A Novel Biomechanical Model-Aided IMU/UWB Fusion for Magnetometer-Free Lower Body Motion Capture (2016)

The available human body inertial motion capture (MoCap) systems are aided by magnetometers to remove the drift error in yaw angle estimation, which in turn limits their application in the presence of long-lasting magnetic disturbances in indoor environments. This paper introduces a magnetometer-free algorithm for lower-body MoCap including 3-D localization and posture tracking by fusing inertial sensors with an ultrawideband (UWB) localization system and a biomechanical model of the human lower body. Using our novel Kalman filter-based fusion algorithm, the UWB localization data aided by the biomechanical model can eliminate the drift in inertial yaw angle estimation of the lower-body segments. This magnetometer-free yaw angle estimation makes the algorithm insensitive to the magnetic disturbances. The algorithm is benchmarked against the optical MoCap system for various indoor activities including walking, jogging, jumping, and stairs ascending/descending. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the available magnetometer-aided algorithms in yaw angle tracking under magnetic disturbances. In a uniform magnetic field, the algorithm shows similar accuracies in localization and joint angle tracking when compared with the magnetometer-aided methods. The localization accuracy of the proposed method is better than 4.5 cm in a 3-D space and its accuracy for knee angle tracking is about 3.5° and 4.5° in low and high dynamic motions, respectively.
Indoor pseudo-ranging of mobile devices using ultrasonic chirps (2012)

In this paper, we present an indoor ultrasonic location tracking system that can utilize off-the-shelf audio speakers (potentially already in place) to provide fine-grained indoor position data to modern mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. We design and evaluate a communication primitive based on rate-adaptive wide-band linear frequency modulated chirp pulses that utilizes the audio bandwidth just above the human hearing frequency range where mobile devices are still sensitive. Typically transmitting data, even outside of this range, introduces broadband human audible noises (clicks) due to the non-ideal impulse response of speakers. Unlike existing audio modulation schemes, our scheme is optimized based on psychoacoustic properties. For example, all tones exhibit slowly changing power-levels and gradual frequency changes so as to minimize human perceivable artifacts. Chirps also bring the benefit of Pulse Compression, which greatly improves ranging resolution and makes them resilient to both Doppler shifts as well as multi-path propagation that typically plague indoor environments. The scheme also supports the decoding of multiple unique identifier packets being transmitted simultaneously. By applying a Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA) pseudo-ranging technique the mobile devices can localize themselves without tight out-of-band synchronization with the broadcasting infrastructure. This design is not only scalable with respect to the number of transmitters and tracked devices, but also improves user privacy since the mobile devices compute their positions locally. We show through user studies and experimentation on smartphones that we are able to provide sub-meter (95% < 10cm) accurate indoor positioning in a manner that is imperceptible to humans.
Projective pan sharpening algorithm (1996)

The main idea of pan sharpening is to combine registered high spatial resolution panchromatic (pan) and lower spatial resolution multispectral imagery to synthesize higher resolution multispectral imagery. The degree of misregistration between bands and the correlation of intensity values are key factors in generating radiometrically accurate and visually crisp output images. There are two components to the projective pan sharpening algorithm. The first component determines the linear radiometric relationship between the pan and multispectral bands and the second processes pixels to produce the sharpened product. The projective pan sharpening algorithm will be ideally suited for generating multispectral products using Lockheed Martin Commercial Remote Sensing System (CRSS) imagery.
Current and Emerging Therapies for Ocular Rosacea (2013)

Ocular rosacea is an incurable disease that affects millions of Americans annually. While multiple therapeutic strategies have been devised to address this disorder (including topical and oral medications, laser and light-based treatments, and surgical interventions), our current interventions are largely nonspecific and often ineffective. Nonetheless, ocular rosacea remains a source of intense research, and newer treatments offer tremendous promise for improved outcomes. In this review, we discuss the current and emerging treatment modalities for ocular rosacea and analyze novel basic science findings that will hopefully lead to highly targeted medications to treat this potentially blinding illness with greater specificity and fewer side effects.