gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fixed tile rate codec for bandwidth saving in video processors (2014)

The paper presents an image compression circuit for bandwidth saving in video display processors. This is intra frame tile based compression algorithm offering visually lossless quality for compression rates between 1.5 and 2.5. RGB and YCbCr (4:4:4, 4:2:2 and 4:2:0) video formats are supported for 8/10 bits video signals. The Band Width Compressor (BWC) consists of Lossless Compressor (LC) and Quantization Compressor (QC) that generate output bit streams for tiles of pixels. Size of output bit stream generated for a tile by the LC may be less or greater than a required size of output memory block. The QC generates bit stream that always fits output memory block of the required size. The output bit stream generated by the LC is transmitted if its size is less than the required size of the output memory block. Otherwise, the output bit stream generated by the QC is transmitted. The LC works on pixel basis. A difference between original and predicted pixel’s values for each pixel of a tile is encoded as prefix and suffix. The prefix is encoded by means of variable length code, and suffix is encoded as is. The QC divides a tile of pixels on a set of blocks and quantizes pixels of each block independently of the other blocks. The number of quantization bits for all pixels of a block depends on standard deviation calculated over the block. A difference between pixel’s value and average value over the block is quantized and transmitted.
Triplet Network with Attention for Speaker Diarization (2018)

In automatic speech processing systems, speaker diarization is a crucial front-end component to separate segments from different speakers. Inspired by the recent success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in semantic inferencing, triplet loss-based architectures have been successfully used for this problem. However, existing work utilizes conventional i-vectors as the input representation and builds simple fully connected networks for metric learning, thus not fully leveraging the modeling power of DNN architectures. This paper investigates the importance of learning effective representations from the sequences directly in metric learning pipelines for speaker diarization. More specifically, we propose to employ attention models to learn embeddings and the metric jointly in an end-to-end fashion. Experiments are conducted on the CALLHOME conversational speech corpus. The diarization results demonstrate that, besides providing a unified model, the proposed approach achieves improved performance when compared against existing approaches.
Novel Cold-Adapted Alkaline Lipase from an Intertidal Flat Metagenome and Proposal for a New Family of Bacterial Lipases (2008)

A new lipase, LipEH166, isolated from an intertidal flat metagenome, showed no amino acid similarity to any known lipolytic enzyme except in the consensus region. This suggested that LipEH166 and its homologues belong to a new family of lipolytic enzymes. Partial characterization indicated that LipEH166 is a novel cold-adapted alkaline lipase.
Abstract 713: GLRX3, a secretory biomarker of pancreatic cancer based on pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics (2012)

Abstract A. BACKGROUND/AIMS Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases, which is difficult to diagnose and resistant to conventional treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cancer stem cells are involved in carcinogenesis, cancer progression and recurrence. We tried to find secretory biomarkers associated with pancreatic cancer stem cells using proteomic analysis. B. METHODS Pancreatic cancer stem like cells were enriched using sphere culture method. Proteomic analysis was done with secreted protein in culture medium of sphere and adherent cells. Identified proteins were confirmed with Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. ELISA was done to detect blood levels of validated proteins in pancreatic cancer patients. shRNA for GLRX3 was used to study the function of GLRX3 in pancreatic cancer. C. RESULTS Proteomic analysis showed that total of 55 protein spots from sphere cells were increased compared to adherent cells. Among them, 41 spots were identified using MALDI-TOF. Proteins known to be associated with cancer stem cells such as HSP90AB1, ALDH, and vimentin were expressed in sphere cells. The overexpression of 5 proteins including GLRX3 was confirmed by western blot in sphere cells and patient serum. Immunohistochemical staining in TMA of human pancreatic cancer tissue revealed that GLRX3 was detected in 15 (57.7%) out of 25 pancreatic cancer tissues regardless of cancer stages. To examine GLRX3 involvement in pancreatic carcinogenesis, we used shRNA to generate GLRX3-knockdown cells. Compared to the mock, knockdown of GLRX3 in human pancreatic cancer cell lines decreased in vitro proliferation, clonogenecity, and sphere formation. GLRX3 knockdown reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. ELISA showed patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and high blood GLRX3 levels had poor survival compared to those with low blood GLRX3 levels (155 days vs 463 days, p-value &lt;0.000). D. CONCLUSION This study shows that secretory protein GLRX3 may be a useful prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. More researches are needed to find their roles in cancer stem cells and clinical implication. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 713. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-713
One-Pot Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose and of Woody Biomass Solids to Liquid Fuels (2011)

Efficient methodologies for converting biomass solids to liquid fuels have the potential to reduce dependence on imported petroleum while easing the atmospheric carbon dioxide burden. Here, we report quantitative catalytic conversions of wood and cellulosic solids to liquid and gaseous products in a single stage reactor operating at 300-320 °C and 160-220 bar. Little or no char is formed during this process. The reaction medium is supercritical methanol (sc-MeOH) and the catalyst, a copper-doped porous metal oxide, is composed of earth-abundant materials. The major liquid product is a mixture of C(2)-C(6) aliphatic alcohols and methylated derivatives thereof that are, in principle, suitable for applications as liquid fuels.
Novel thiophene-, pyrrole-, furan-, and benzene carboxamidotetrazoles as potential antiallergy agents (1991)

The synthesis and antiallergic activity of a series of novel thiophene-, pyrrole-, furan-, and benzenecarboxamidotetrazoles are described. A number of compounds inhibit the release of histamine from anti-IgE-stimulated human basophils. Optimal inhibition is exhibited in compounds with a 3-alkoxy, a 4-halo, and a 5-methyl, 5-methoxy, or 5-bromo on a thiophene-2-carboxamidotetrazole.
An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance (2004)

For several of the PTC+ isoforms we identified, existing experimental evidence can be reinterpreted and is consistent with the action of NMD to degrade the transcripts. Several genes with mRNA isoforms that we identified as PTC+--calpain-10, the CDC-like kinases (CLKs) and LARD--show how previous experimental results may be understood in light of NMD.
Enhanced supercontinuum generation near fiber Bragg resonances (2005)

We show that supercontinuum generation in a nonlinear fiber containing a Bragg grating is greatly modified near the Bragg resonance. We demonstrate enhancement of more than 10 times in fibers with single and multiple grating resonances.
Name that room (2012)

This paper presents a system for identifying the room in an audio or video recording through the analysis of acoustical properties. The room identification system was tested using a corpus of 13440 reverberant audio samples. With no common content between the training and testing data, an accuracy of 61% for musical signals and 85% for speech signals was achieved. This approach could be applied in a variety of scenarios where knowledge about the acoustical environment is desired, such as location estimation, music recommendation, or emergency response systems.
Volatile metal oxide incorporation in layers of GaAs and Ga1−<i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>As grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1981)

A model is presented which relates the observed effects of substrate temperature and growth flux magnitudes upon layer quality to the presence of volatile oxides and the thermodynamics of the formation of nonvolatile oxides on the growth surface. A means for reducing oxide contamination is presented and the consequent benefits explored. Ga2O is shown to be a major contaminant of the gallium growth flux, on the order of 0.1%. Certain conditions, specifically low substrate temperature or high arsenic fluxes, can favor the formation of Ga2O3, a nonvolatile contaminant, on the growth surface and hence in the layer. The presence of aluminum, magnesium, or other highly reactive materials makes oxide incorporation increasingly probable. Drastically lowering the Ga2O pressure by several orders of magnitude by adding 0.1% aluminum to the gallium effusion cell should allow growth at lower substrate temperatures and higher rates. Magnesium doping of GaAs at unity efficiency is demonstrated as proof of the relevance of the model. Photoluminescence data from the doping experiment are presented.
Holographic microscopy of holographically trapped three-dimensional structures (2007)

Holographic optical trapping uses forces exerted by computer-generated holograms to organize microscopic materials into three-dimensional structures. In a complementary manner, holographic video microscopy uses real-time recordings of in-line holograms to create time-resolved volumetric images of three-dimensional microstructures. The combination is exceptionally effective for organizing, inspecting and analyzing soft-matter systems.
An Enzymatic Bioassay for Perchlorate (2010)

An evolving understanding of the carious process, along with new research in adhesive restorative materials, has led to a more conservative, minimally invasive and biologically-based approach to managing dental carious lesions. The growing volume of literature has also demonstrated prognostic success in the selective caries excavation technique, subsequently preventing excessive tooth structure removal and injury to the dentine-pulp complex, which maintains pulp vitality and improves the long-term prognosis of the tooth. However, at present, there remains a limited volume of high-quality evidence to support selective caries removal, which subsequently could partly explain some resistance to its use in clinical practice. This clinical technique guide aims to demonstrate the management of carious lesions of moderate-to-deep depth in permanent teeth based on current minimally invasive dental literature.
(25 <i>S</i>)‐1α, 25, 26‐Trihydroxycholecalciferol, a New Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Metabolite: Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry at C(25) (1981)

Abstract The 1α, 25, 26‐trihydroxy metabolite of vitamin D 3 , isolated from bovine serum, was shown to possess the (25 S )‐configuration by HPLC. comparison of the 1, 3, 26‐triacetate derivative with authentic (25 R )‐ and (25 S )‐samples. The convergent synthesis of (25 R )‐1α, 25, 26‐ and (25 S )‐1α, 25, 26‐trihydroxycholecalciferols ( 10a ) and ( 10b ) has been accomplished.
From Subcategories to Visual Composites: A Multi-level Framework for Object Detection (2013)

The appearance of an object changes profoundly with pose, camera view and interactions of the object with other objects in the scene. This makes it challenging to learn detectors based on an object-level label (e.g., "car"). We postulate that having a richer set of labelings (at different levels of granularity) for an object, including finer-grained subcategories, consistent in appearance and view, and higher order composites - contextual groupings of objects consistent in their spatial layout and appearance, can significantly alleviate these problems. However, obtaining such a rich set of annotations, including annotation of an exponentially growing set of object groupings, is simply not feasible. We propose a weakly-supervised framework for object detection where we discover subcategories and the composites automatically with only traditional object-level category labels as input. To this end, we first propose an exemplar-SVM-based clustering approach, with latent SVM refinement, that discovers a variable length set of discriminative subcategories for each object class. We then develop a structured model for object detection that captures interactions among object subcategories and automatically discovers semantically meaningful and discriminatively relevant visual composites. We show that this model produces state-of-the-art performance on UIUC phrase object detection benchmark.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIALLERGIC ACTIVITY OF SOME MONO‐ AND DISUBSTITUTED XANTHONE‐2‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1978)

Abstract Xanthoncarbonsäure (Ia) wird zum Xanthen (Ib) reduziert und dann über den Ester (II) in die Ketone (III) durch Friedel‐Crafts‐Reaktion übergeführt.
Upregulation of Cdc2 and cyclin A during apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (2003)

We (8) reported that the cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa) and its domain 5 (D5) inhibited angiogenesis. Further studies (15) revealed that D5 could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of proliferating endothelial cells, which together may represent a critical part of antiangiogenic activity of HKa and D5. In the present study, we further examined the effect of HKa on cell cycle progression and cell viability. We report that HKa induced a significant upregulation of Cdc2 and cyclin A in proliferating endothelial cells, concurrent with a marked increase of Cdc2 activity. The increased expression of Cdc2 and cyclin A by HKa was not associated with an apparent change in cell cycle profiles of basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated proliferating cells, but closely correlated with a marked increase of apoptosis, suggesting that the elevated Cdc2 activity is involved in HKa-induced apoptosis of proliferating endothelial cells. Our results support an emerging hypothesis that Cdc2 and cyclin A are important regulators for cell cycle as well as for apoptosis.
Designing systolic arrays using digit-serial arithmetic (1992)

A method of transforming systolic arrays using bit-parallel arithmetic into arrays using digit-serial arithmetic is described. Digit-serial computation is an area-time efficient method of doing high-speed arithmetic calculations, having the advantage through appropriate choice of digit and word size of allowing throughput capacity to be matched to design needs. For a certain class of systolic arrays, digit-serial arithmetic allows a further very significant benefit by transforming arrays in which processors are under-utilized into arrays late with 100% processor utilization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Charge-Based Capacitive Self-Sensing With Continuous State Observation for Resonant Electrostatic MEMS Mirrors (2021)

This contribution presents charge-based capacitive self-sensing with a continuous full state observer for a parametrically driven resonant electrostatic 1D MEMS mirror considering precise and seamless estimation. Based on current integrators, series capacitances or a capacitance network the direct charge self-sensing principles are investigated and compared considering leakage currents, precision and a minimum implementation effort. In comparison to the other charge sensing methods, the proposed methods directly measure the charge changes while the drive voltage is switched on. Since resonant MEMS mirrors are driven by a rectangular signal, the direct self-sensing implies a lack of data when the drive voltage is switched off. A nonlinear observer is also proposed to estimate the full mirror state continuously based on an identified MEMS mirror model. The capacitive charge self-sensing methods achieve overall a high sensing precision of less than 0.14 % RMSE and the observer estimation error of the full state is below 1 % peak-to-peak error regardless of the availability of the charge self-sensing measurements, demonstrates accurate continuous full state estimation. [2021-0130]
Wavelength-flattened 2 × 2 splitters made of identical single-mode fibers (1991)

The fabrication of a new design of fused single-mode-fiber wavelength-flattened 2 x 2 couplers is reported. The device consists of a slightly unbalanced all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer made with identical single-mode fibers; it is compact ( approximately 2 cm) and shows good coupling-ratio uniformity (50 +/- 2.5% over 300 nm) with low excess loss (<0.1 dB.
Focused plenoptic camera and rendering (2010)

Plenoptic cameras, constructed with internal microlens arrays, capture both spatial and angular information, i.e., the full 4-D radiance, of a scene. The design of traditional plenoptic cameras assumes that each microlens image is completely defocused with respect to the image created by the main camera lens. As a result, only a single pixel in the final image is rendered from each microlens image, resulting in disappointingly low resolution. A recently developed alternative approach based on the focused plenoptic camera uses the microlens array as an imaging system focused on the image plane of the main camera lens. The flexible spatioangular trade-off that becomes available with this design enables rendering of final images with significantly higher resolution than those from traditional plenoptic cameras. We analyze the focused plenoptic camera in optical phase space and present basic, blended, and depth-based rendering algorithms for producing high-quality, high-resolution images. We also present our graphics-processing-unit-based implementations of these algorithms, which are able to render full screen refocused images in real time.
Automated noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease using wavelet-based neural networks (2002)

This study examines the utility of neural networks for detecting coronary artery disease noninvasively by using clinical examination variables and extracting useful information from the diastolic heart sounds associated with coronary occlusions. It has been widely reported that coronary stenoses produce sounds due to the turbulent blood flow in these vessels. These complex and highly attenuated signals taken from recordings made in of soundproof room were detected and analysed to provide the feature set based on extrema representation of the fast wavelet transform coefficients. In addition, some physical examination variables such as sex, age, body weight, smoking condition, plus diastolic and systolic blood pressures were included in the feature vector. This feature vector was used as the input pattern to the neural network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Reactive Poly(vinyl oxazolones) via Nitroxide-Mediated “Living” Free Radical Polymerization (2003)

Low-polydispersity poly(vinyl oxazolone) has been prepared using nitroxide-mediated living free radical polymerization. Bulk homopolymerization of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone (VDMO) in the presence of the α-hydrido alkoxyamine initiator 2 and the corresponding nitroxide 1 proceeds to high conversion with polydispersities of less than 1.10. Accurate molecular weight control and low polydispersities (∼1.04−1.10) were obtained on statistical copolymerization with styrene. Well-defined reactive statistical copolymers with polydispersities ranging from 1.05 to 1.30 were also prepared by copolymerization of oxazolone-functional monomers with acrylates, acrylamides, and N-vinylamides. Reactive block copolymers were prepared by polymerization of VDMO from poly(n-butyl acrylate) starting blocks as well as by polymerization of styrene from poly(VDMO) starting blocks. New polymers were prepared from VDMO-containing polymers and copolymers by nucleophilic ring-opening of the pendant oxazolone rings with amines.
Dynamically Harmonized FT-ICR Cell with Specially Shaped Electrodes for Compensation of Inhomogeneity of the Magnetic Field. Computer Simulations of the Electric Field and Ion Motion Dynamics (2012)

The recently introduced ion trap for FT-ICR mass spectrometers with dynamic harmonization showed the highest resolving power ever achieved both for ions with moderate masses 500-1000 Da (peptides) as well as ions with very high masses of up to 200 kDa (proteins). Such results were obtained for superconducting magnets of very high homogeneity of the magnetic field. For magnets with lower homogeneity, the time of transient duration would be smaller. In superconducting magnets used in FT-ICR mass spectrometry the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field in its axial direction prevails over the inhomogeneity in other directions and should be considered as the main factor influencing the synchronic motion of the ion cloud. The inhomogeneity leads to a dependence of the cyclotron frequency from the amplitude of axial oscillation in the potential well of the ion trap. As a consequence, ions in an ion cloud become dephased, which leads to signal attenuation and decrease in the resolving power. Ion cyclotron frequency is also affected by the radial component of the electric field. Hence, by appropriately adjusting the electric field one can compensate the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field and align the cyclotron frequency in the whole range of amplitudes of z-oscillations. A method of magnetic field inhomogeneity compensation in a dynamically harmonized FT-ICR cell is presented, based on adding of extra electrodes into the cell shaped in such a way that the averaged electric field created by these electrodes produces a counter force to the forces caused by the inhomogeneous magnetic field.
Gain controlled vertical cavity surface emitting lasers coupled with intracavity in-plane lasers (1995)

We report the observation of optical control of the stimulated emission of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) by an intra-cavity coupled in-plane laser. Depending on the overlap between the two gain regions, greater than 70% change in threshold current to complete quenching of the VCSEL, is observed. The combined device offers a wide variety of potential applications for integrated, all-optical logic devices and optical interconnects between signal planes.
Creation and Rendering of Stochastic Dynamic Light Effects (2009)

We present a new method of dynamic light effect generation using stochastic models. Similar to dynamic lighting scenes in nature, the resulting light effects are unpredictable, yet recognizable. Furthermore, we present a method to learn the stochastic models from a video source of a natural scene. The method extracts the representative colors from the video and subsequently learns the typical transitions between the colors. After the model has been learned, the rendering of the effects has low memory and processing requirements, making it suitable for implementation even on embedded platforms. The recognition of the produced light effects was tested using a large user base and three automatically created models and a hand crafted one. The results show the suitability of the method for dynamic atmosphere creation, but also a high appreciation of the produced light effects.