gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymers as Lubricating-Oil Viscosity Modifiers (1991)

The basic principles of "viscosity modification" of lubricating oils by high molecular weight polymers is discussed. The Newtonian viscosity-temperature characteristics of the oil are not strongly affected by the polymer. The use of polymers simply permits low viscosity basestocks with good temperature characteristics to be employed. A variety of polymer types are used commercially, each having a different balance in cost-performance characteristics. A semiquantitative discussion of the polymer solution physics is presented which explains the general performance of the different polymer types as a function of temperature and strain rate. Certain details of non-Newtonian behavior at low temperature are not completely understood.
Thrombospondin Type-1 Domain-Containing 7A in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (2014)

In our cohort, 15 of 154 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy had circulating autoantibodies to THSD7A but not to PLA2R1, a finding that suggests a distinct subgroup of patients with this condition. (Funded by the French National Center for Scientific Research and others.).
Fracture evaluation using reflected Stoneley-wave arrivals (1989)

Abstract We use the low-frequency reflected Stoneley-wave mode to locate permeable fractures intersecting a borehole and to estimate their effective apertures. Assuming a model in which the average aperture of the fracture is roughly constant, theoretical work relates the magnitude of the Stoneley-wave reflectivity to an effective fracture width. We treat both the case of a horizontal fracture and the case of a fracture crossing the borehole at an angle.Laboratory experiments verify the analytic solution for the case of a horizontal fracture. Full-waveform array sonic data were also acquired in a wellbore with a long recording time (25.5 ms) in order to capture the late Stoneley-wave arrivals. The data processing involves computation of the Stoneley-wave reflectivity response using the measured direct and reflected Stoneley-wave arrivals. A least-squares fit to the arrival time of the reflected-wave arrivals is used to estimate the locations of permeable fractures, and the effective width of the fractures is estimated by comparing the computed Stoneley-wave reflectivity to the theoretical response from a parallel-plate model. Test-well results are consistent with a borehole televiewer analysis.
Demonstration of an in-band reconfiguration data distribution and network node reconfiguration (2010)

This paper describes the implementation of an FPGA prototype of an application based on embedded ASIC technology. The overall goal is to implement a system that can monitor an Ethernet data stream and extracts configuration data marked by the EtherType field in the Ethernet header. For evaluation the application is implemented on a prototype consisting of two XILINX FPGA boards. Since the target platform is an ASIC with embedded reconfigurable architectures the prototype is divided in the corresponding parts. One board emulates the embedded reconfigurable architecture that contains the Ethernet MAC. Ethernet packets can reconfigure this MAC. The second board emulates the static part of the application that controls the reconfiguration process.
Crossover in heating regimes of thermally assisted magnetic memories (2006)

This work investigates the tunnel junction heating process for micrometer and submicrometer size junctions to be used in a thermally assisted magnetic random access memories write scheme. The time evolution of the heating process was obtained from experimental measurements and numerical thermal simulations. Simulation results show an initial temperature regime at very short pulse widths associated with the intrinsic heating of the junction (adiabatic regime). In this regime, for the same power density, the temperature increase is independent of the junction area. In the studied geometry, for pulse widths around 1ns and higher an additional heating occurs in the electrical leads (diffusion regime). The write power density is in this case lower for large junction areas. The use of thermal barriers is an effective mean to decrease the power density required for writing and to eliminate its junction area dependence.
Functional characterization of the Arabidopsis <i>ubiquitin‐specific protease</i> gene family reveals specific role and redundancy of individual members in development (2008)

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs) are a highly conserved family of proteins in eukaryotes, and play critical roles in protein de-ubiquitination. Here we report a systematic genetic and expression profiling analysis of the UBP gene family in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Mutation analysis of 25 of the 27 member genes representing 13 of the 14 sub-families of the UBP gene family revealed that single-gene mutants of three genes in two sub-families exhibit visible phenotypes. Two of these three genes belonging to the UBP15 sub-family were selected for further characterization. The ubp15 mutants display narrower, serrated and flat rosette leaves, partially due to a defect in cell proliferation, as well as other phenotypes such as early flowering, weak apical dominance and reduced fertility, while the line over-expressing UBP15 shows opposite phenotypes. We demonstrated that UPB15 has UBP activity in vitro, and that this biochemical activity is essential for its in vivo function. A genetic interaction analysis among members of this sub-family revealed that UBP15 and UBP16, but not UBP17, have functional redundancy. Our data thus suggest that distinct UBPs, even within a closely related sub-family, can function in different developmental pathways. Although there are clearly functional redundancies among related sub-family members, those redundancies cannot be inferred simply based on the amino acid identity of the family members.
Multicarrier Successive Predistortion for Nonlinear Satellite Systems (2015)

To satisfy the aggressive demand for higher satellite throughput, industry trend is moving toward sharing the transponder amplifier by multiple carriers, each employing high-order modulations that are spectrally compact. This trend, in conjunction with the inherently nonlinear nature of the amplifier when driven efficiently closer to saturation, creates significant intermodulation distortion that needs to be appropriately compensated. This paper presents a powerful compensation technique that is capable of mitigating the nonlinear intermodulation distortion and is placed at the transmitter or gateway. It is a novel multicarrier data predistortion technique that successively modifies the transmitted symbols to drive multicarrier distortion vector toward zero. This distortion vector results from passing the transmitted symbols from the multiple carriers, intrinsically accessible at the gateway, through the nonlinear satellite channel model. The novel successive predistortion technique and methods of estimating the distortion are described in detail. It is demonstrated using extensive computer simulations that the proposed multicarrier predistortion technique is capable of achieving near-optimum performance, even when only a simple linear receiver is employed and no exchange of data is assumed between receivers.
Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total cholesterol with improved lipolytic efficiency. (1983)

We describe a sensitive method for quantifying the extent of cholesterol ester cleavage during enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Lipids are extracted from the assay mixture with chloroform/methanol (1/1 by vol), concentrated, then quantified by "high-performance" thin-layer chromatography. Although with conventional enzymatic reagents for determination of serum total cholesterol the hydrolysis of the cholesterol esters may be incomplete, a new enzymatic cholesterol reagent (Monotest Cholesterol, High Performance, Boehringer Mannheim) gives virtually complete cholesterol ester cleavage (i.e., greater than or equal to 99.5%). Use of this reagent with its improved lipolytic efficiency yields results for serum total cholesterol that are identical to those measured with a candidate reference procedure involving alkaline cholesterol ester saponification.
Manipulating microRNAs for the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Past, Present and Future (2020)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of non-coding RNA that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of most protein-coding genes. Their aberrant expression in tumors contributes to each of the hallmarks of cancer. In malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), in common with other tumor types, changes in miRNA expression are characterized by a global downregulation, although elevated levels of some miRNAs are also found. While an increasing number of miRNAs exhibit altered expression in MPM, relatively few have been functionally characterized. Of a growing number with tumor suppressor activity <i>in vitro</i>, miR-16, miR-193a, and miR-215 were also shown to have tumor suppressor activity <i>in vivo</i>. In the case of miR-16, the significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth following targeted delivery of miR-16-based mimics in a xenograft model was the basis for a successful phase I clinical trial. More recently overexpressed miRNAs with oncogenic activity have been described. Many of these changes in miRNA expression are related to the characteristic loss of tumor suppressor pathways in MPM tumors. In this review we will highlight the studies providing evidence for therapeutic effects of modulating microRNA levels in MPM, and discuss these results in the context of emerging approaches to miRNA-based therapy.
More effective interpolations in software model checking (2017)

An approach to CEGAR-based model checking which has proved to be successful on large models employs Craig interpolation to efficiently construct parsimonious abstractions. Following this design, we introduce new applications, universal safety interpolant and existential error interpolant, of Craig interpolation that can systematically reduce the program state space to be explored for safety verification. Whenever the universal safety interpolant is implied by the current path, all paths emanating from that location are guaranteed to be safe. Dually whenever the existential error interpolant is implied by the current path, there is guaranteed to be an unsafe path from the location. We show how these interpolants are computed and applied in safety verification. We have implemented our approach in a tool named InterpChecker by building on an open source software model checker. Experiments on a large number of benchmark programs show that both the interpolations and the auxiliary optimization strategies are effective in improving scalability of software model checking.
Validation of a malodour‐forming enzyme as a target for deodorant actives: <i>in vivo</i> testing of a glutamine conjugate targeting a corynebacterial <i>N<sup>α</sup></i>‐acyl‐glutamine‐aminoacylase (2013)

ABSTRACT The chemical structure of human body odorants and the enzymatic pathways for their release from amino acid conjugates by skin bacteria have been elucidated in recent years. These findings open up theoretical avenues for an added layer of malodour prevention by blocking the cleavage of malodour precursors. Previously, we had validated in vitro an alternative substrate that releases a fragrance molecule instead of a malodour acid upon the action of a corynebacterial N α ‐acyl‐glutamine‐aminoacylase. In order to assess whether this concept delivers a perceivable reduction of malodour in vivo , a number of studies were performed: (1) a controlled clinical study with expert assessment, (2) a blinded study with consumer self‐assessment of a placebo versus an active formulation in left–right comparison, and (3) a longitudinal consumer study comparing two doses of the active versus a placebo formulation. A statistically significant benefit for malodour reduction was observed in all three studies, this benefit consistently seen on panellists with a higher self‐ or expert‐perceived malodour, whereas there was no difference in panellists with a lower level of malodour formation. In addition, malodour formation was higher in panellists with noticeable cleavage of the alternative substrate, indicating a correlation between enzyme activity and malodour levels. These results indicate that the targeted enzyme is a relevant source of malodour on panellists suffering from strong body odour, and that malodour reduction on these panellists is possible by specifically targeting this enzyme. Whereas the absolute reduction of malodour with the tested substrates was relatively small, the studies presented here clearly validate N α ‐acyl‐glutamine‐aminoacylase as a target for deodorant actives, and they demonstrate that a significant benefit can be achieved especially in individuals developing stronger axillary odour. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Compact Prism Spectrograph Suitable For Broadband Infrared Spectral Surveys With Array Detectors (1989)

We describe a novel design for a low-resolution spectrograph that is capable of covering the entire 2.9-13.5 μm region, without scanning, at a resolving power of 20-100. The spectrograph uses two unique curved prisms to disperse radiation onto two 58-element arrays of infrared detectors. It has no moving parts. This spectrograph is an effective replacement for scanning circular variable filter (CVF) spectrometers or for Michelson Interferometers working at low resolution. Because all of the detectors in the spectrograph view an object through the same aperture, time-varying sources introduce no ambiguities into the spectra. The use of BIB detector arrays gives the instrument high sensitivity. We describe a ground-based version of the spectrograph that is currently under construction.
The axial injection TEM orbitron maser (1985)

We have completed the linear theory of the TEM orbitron maser which models the interaction of axially injected electrons orbiting the positively charged center conductor of a coaxial waveguide with the TEM waveguide mode. The theory treats electrons with arbitrary values of angular momentum. We will present the threshold values of the cavity Q multiplied by the electron beam power required for self-oscillation in a finite length oscillator configuration as well as the spacial growth rate calculated for an infinite length TEM orbitron amplifier.
Molecular Mechanisms for Transcriptional Regulation of Human High-Affinity IgE Receptor β-Chain Gene Induced by GM-CSF (2006)

The beta-chain of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) plays an important role in regulating activation of FcepsilonRI-expressing cells such as mast cells in allergic reactions. We already reported that the transcription factor myeloid zinc finger (MZF) 1 which formed a high m.w. complex including four and a half LIM-only protein (FHL)3 in the nucleus repressed human beta-chain gene expression through an element in the fourth intron. We also found that GM-CSF induced expression of MZF-1 and nuclear translocation of FHL3. We screened a human cDNA library and identified NFY which was reported to bind histone deacetylases (HDACs) as a constituent of the complex. The C-subunit of NFY was demonstrated to form a ternary complex with MZF-1/FHL3 and interact with a beta-chain gene region including the element in the fourth intron. HDAC1 and HDAC2 were also shown to interact with the fourth intron region of the beta-chain gene. In a human mast cell line HMC-1 cultured with GM-CSF, both beta-chain expression and acetylation of histones interacting with the fourth intron region of the beta-chain gene were decreased. Collectively, these results indicated that HDACs, which were recruited to the beta-chain gene through the element in the fourth intron by MZF-1/FHL3/NFY, repressed beta-chain gene transcription by deacetylation of histones in the presence of GM-CSF. These mechanisms will be involved in not only the cell type-specific repression of beta-chain gene expression in differentiating hemopoietic cells but also the repression of beta-chain gene expression in the peripheral cells under specific circumstances.
Preparation and Characterization of Ni-Based Perovskite Catalyst for Steam CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Methane (2013)

Steam CO2 reforming of methane was investigated over Ni-based perovskite catalyst to produce desired H2/CO ratio by adjusting the feed ratio of CH4, CO2 and H2O for floating GTL process application. La modified perovskites were prepared by the Pechini method and calcined in air and the Ni-based catalysts were prepared by dispersing Ni on the La modified perovskite by an incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts before and after the reaction were characterized by N2 physisoprtion, CO chemisoprtion, XRD, TPR and SEM techniques. To control desired H2/CO ratio, simulation for SCR was carried out by Aspen plus, and product distribution for SCR was investigated in a fixed bed reactor system using feed ratio estimated by simulation. The Ni-based perovskite catalysts were found to give CH4 and CO2 conversions of up to 82% and 60% respectively to yield a H2/CO product ratio close to 2.
Innovations powered by laser plastic welding (2011)

Abstract Modern laser plastic welding is successfully competing with joining technologies in more and more areas of application. The technology is already well established in the automotive industry and in the medical technology sector with their zero‐error specifications.
Channel Estimation Algorithms for MLSD in Optical Communication Systems (2006)

Maximum likelihood sequence detection represents the most efficient technique in the electrical domain to combat fiber impairments such as polarization-mode dispersion and group-velocity dispersion. In order to successfully apply this technique, it is mandatory to estimate some key channel parameters needed by the Viterbi processor. We propose a simple and effective solution based on the least-mean-square algorithm to perform such an estimation
Cloning sequencing of <i>Lol p</i>I, the major allergenic protein of rye‐grass pollen (1991)

We have isolated a full length cDNA clone encoding the major glycoprotein allergen Lol pI. The clone was selected using a combination of immunological screening of a cDNA expression library and PCR amplification of Lol pI-specific transcripts. Lol pI expressed in bacteria as a fusion protein shows recognition by specific IgE antibodies present in sera of grass pollen-allergic subjects. Northern analysis has shown that the Lol pI transcripts are expressed only in pollen of rye-grass. Molecular cloning of Lol pI provides a molecular genetic approach to study the structure-function relationship of allergens.
Controlling Cooperative CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption in Diamine-Appended Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) Metal–Organic Frameworks (2017)

In the transition to a clean-energy future, CO<sub>2</sub> separations will play a critical role in mitigating current greenhouse gas emissions and facilitating conversion to cleaner-burning and renewable fuels. New materials with high selectivities for CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption, large CO<sub>2</sub> removal capacities, and low regeneration energies are needed to achieve these separations efficiently at scale. Here, we present a detailed investigation of nine diamine-appended variants of the metal-organic framework Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (dobpdc<sup>4-</sup> = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) that feature step-shaped CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption isotherms resulting from cooperative and reversible insertion of CO<sub>2</sub> into metal-amine bonds to form ammonium carbamate chains. Small modifications to the diamine structure are found to shift the threshold pressure for cooperative CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption by over 4 orders of magnitude at a given temperature, and the observed trends are rationalized on the basis of crystal structures of the isostructural zinc frameworks obtained from in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The structure-activity relationships derived from these results can be leveraged to tailor adsorbents to the conditions of a given CO<sub>2</sub> separation process. The unparalleled versatility of these materials, coupled with their high CO<sub>2</sub> capacities and low projected energy costs, highlights their potential as next-generation adsorbents for a wide array of CO<sub>2</sub> separations.
High-strength sputter-deposited Cu foils with preferred orientation of nanoscale growth twins (2006)

Bulk Cu foils have been synthesized via magnetron sputtering with an average twin spacing of 5nm. Twin interfaces are of {111} type and normal to the growth direction. Growth twins with such high twin density and preferred orientation have never been observed in elemental metals. These Cu foils exhibited tensile strengths of 1.2GPa, a factor of 3 higher than that reported earlier for nanocrystalline Cu, average uniform elongation of 1%–2%, and ductile dimple fracture surfaces. This work provides a route for the synthesis of ultrahigh-strength, ductile pure metals via control of twin spacing and twin orientation in vapor-deposited materials.
A Computer Simulation Study of Diffraction Tomography (1983)

The filtered backprojection algorithm of X-ray tomography and the filtered backpropagation algorithm developed recently by the author for diffraction tomography are tested in computer simulations of ultrasonic tomography of two-dimensional objects for which the Rytov approximation is valid. It is found that the filtered backprojection algorithm gives unsatisfactory results even for wavelengths much smaller than the smallest scale over which the object varies. The filtered back-propogation algorithm yields, in all cases studied, high-quality reconstructions which are simply low-pass filtered versions of the actual object profile. It is shown that the filtered backpropagation algorithm can be approximated by a modified backprojection algorithm having essentially the same computation requirements as filtered backprojection, but yielding considerably higher quality object reconstructions.
Annexin A2 Combined with Low-Dose tPA Improves Thrombolytic Therapy in a Rat Model of Focal Embolic Stroke (2010)

Recent studies showed that soluble annexin A2 dramatically increases tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-mediated plasmin generation in vitro, and reduces thrombus formation in vivo. Here, we hypothesize that combining annexin A2 with tPA can significantly enhance thrombolysis efficacy, so that lower doses of tPA can be applied in ischemic stroke to avoid neurotoxic and hemorrhagic complications. In vitro activity assays confirmed tPA-specific amplification of plasmin generation by recombinant annexin A2. In a rat focal embolic stroke model, combination therapy with tPA and recombinant annexin A2 protein at 2 h post-ischemia decreased the effective dose required for tPA by four-fold and reduced brain infarction. Combining annexin A2 with tPA also lengthened the time window for thrombolysis. Compared with tPA (10 mg/kg) alone, the combination of annexin A2 (5 mg/kg) plus low-dose tPA (2.5 mg/kg) significantly enhanced fibrinolysis, attenuated mortality, brain infarction, and hemorrhagic transformation, even when administered at 4 h post-ischemia. Combination with recombinant annexin A2, the effective thrombolytic dose of tPA can be decreased. As a result, brain hemorrhage and infarction are reduced, and the time window for stroke reperfusion prolonged. Our present findings provide a promising new approach for enhancing tPA-based thrombolytic stroke therapy.