gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Hour-Ahead Bidding in the Real-Time Electricity Market with\n Battery Storage using Approximate Dynamic Programming (2014)

There is growing interest in the use of grid-level storage to smooth\nvariations in supply that are likely to arise with increased use of wind and\nsolar energy. Energy arbitrage, the process of buying, storing, and selling\nelectricity to exploit variations in electricity spot prices, is becoming an\nimportant way of paying for expensive investments into grid-level storage.\nIndependent system operators such as the NYISO (New York Independent System\nOperator) require that battery storage operators place bids into an hour-ahead\nmarket (although settlements may occur in increments as small as 5 minutes,\nwhich is considered near "real-time"). The operator has to place these bids\nwithout knowing the energy level in the battery at the beginning of the hour,\nwhile simultaneously accounting for the value of leftover energy at the end of\nthe hour. The problem is formulated as a dynamic program. We describe and\nemploy a convergent approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm that\nexploits monotonicity of the value function to find a revenue-generating\nbidding policy; using optimal benchmarks, we empirically show the computational\nbenefits of the algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a distribution-free variant\nof the ADP algorithm that does not require any knowledge of the distribution of\nthe price process (and makes no assumptions regarding a specific real-time\nprice model). We demonstrate that a policy trained on historical real-time\nprice data from the NYISO using this distribution-free approach is indeed\neffective.\n
Spatial Modulation Of Light In GaAs (1989)

Spatial modulation of light in gallium arsenide demonstrated by transferring image from one of two coherent, crossing beams of light to other one. Technique relies on cross-polarization beam coupling, product of photorefractive effect in GaAs crystal.
Logical and Physical Versioning in Main Memory Databases (1997)

We present a design for multi-version concurrency control and recovery in a main memory database, and describe logical and physical versioning schemes that allow read-only transactions to execute without obtaining data item locks or system latches. These schemes enable a system to guarantee that updaters will never interfere with read-only transactions, and that read-only transactions will not be delayed as long as the operating system provides them with sufficient cycles. Our contributions include several space saving techniques for the main memory implementation. We extend the T-tree index structure (designed for main-memory databases) to support concurrent access and latch-free traversals, and demonstrate the performance benefits of our extensions. Some of these schemes have been implemented on a widely-used software platform within Bell Labs., and the full scheme is implemented in the Dal&apos;i main memory storage manager. 1 Introduction While disk-based databases exhibit improved pe...
Closed-loop, ultraprecise, automated craniotomies (2015)

A large array of neuroscientific techniques, including in vivo electrophysiology, two-photon imaging, optogenetics, lesions, and microdialysis, require access to the brain through the skull. Ideally, the necessary craniotomies could be performed in a repeatable and automated fashion, without damaging the underlying brain tissue. Here we report that when drilling through the skull a stereotypical increase in conductance can be observed when the drill bit passes through the skull base. We present an architecture for a robotic device that can perform this algorithm, along with two implementations--one based on homebuilt hardware and one based on commercially available hardware--that can automatically detect such changes and create large numbers of precise craniotomies, even in a single skull. We also show that this technique can be adapted to automatically drill cranial windows several millimeters in diameter. Such robots will not only be useful for helping neuroscientists perform both small and large craniotomies more reliably but can also be used to create precisely aligned arrays of craniotomies with stereotaxic registration to standard brain atlases that would be difficult to drill by hand.
A Current-Induced Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistor (2015)

An organic thin-film transistor structure is proposed in which a channel is created through formation of an electric dipole layer at the semiconductor-insulator interface. The dipole is composed of mobile carriers, electrons, and holes and results from the modification of gate insulator to allow controlled amounts of gate current to flow in the ON-state. 2-D device simulations are used to show that the proposed structure offers the potential for obtaining significantly higher channel charge and current without requiring higher voltages. It is also shown that these advantages come while maintaining OFF-current and unity gain frequency comparable with conventional transistors.
<title>Scalable hierarchical video summary and search</title> (2001)

Recently, a huge amount of the video data available in the digital form has given users to allow more ubiquitous access to visual information than ever. To efficiently manage such huge amount of video data, we need such tools as video summarization and search. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme allowing for both scalable hierarchical video summary and efficient retrieval by introducing a notion of fidelity. The notion of fidelity in the tree-structured key frame hierarchy describes how well the key frames at one level are represented by the parent key frame, relative to the other children of the parent. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme.
Study for band artifact correction for photon counting detector CT (2022)

Photon Counting Detector CT (PCD-CT) is expected to provide new possibilities by its capability of energy decomposition. However, because of non-ideal phenomena like the finite widths of individual energy windows of the detector or the scattered radiation, PCD-CT can have artifacts of not only dark but bright bands in some images. Therefore, we developed a correction method to reduce both dark and bright bands and verified it with data acquired with a prototype machine. The correction is performed on the material decomposition images, and acrylic and iodine images were employed. The dark band observed in the iodine image was corrected with the method used in the Energy Integrated Detector CT system. To suppress the bright band seen in the acrylic image, several virtual monochromatic images were created from the material decomposition images, and the energy was sought at which the dark and bright bands were cancelled. The bright band correction was performed using this energy and the correction amount of the dark band in the iodine image. It was demonstrated with the prototype machine data that the dark and bright bands were reduced in the material decomposition image and the virtual monochromatic image, and it was shown that the artifacts of both dark and bright bands can be corrected by the proposed method.
A miniature broadband bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet magneto-optic modulator (2003)

We report on broadband magneto-optic light modulation in a bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet waveguide film. By utilizing uniform ferromagnetic precession of the in-plane magnetization and the Faraday effect, optical modulation tunable over a wide range, from 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz, is demonstrated in a low power miniature device. The ability to tune the modulation bandwidth via an externally applied magnetic field allows the response of the device to be dynamically controlled.
Simultaneous amplification and pulse compression in a single-mode optical fibre (1986)

Experimental observations of pulsed Raman amplification and compression in a 7.8 km optical fibre have been made. At moderate pump powers a high gain of 26 dB and pulse-width reduction of up to 38% have been observed simultaneously.
Design of Protective Topcoats for Immersion Lithography (2005)

Interactions of water and 193nm resists are described and detailed. Leaching of PAGs is experimentally verified, and the influence of PAG structure on leaching rate is determined. The mode of action of immersion topcoats is described. The influence of the topcoat/resist interaction in assessed. Finally, the design evolution of immersion topcoats with desirable properties is discussed.
Endothelial progenitor cells: identity defined? (2009)

In the past decade, researchers have gained important insights on the role of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells in adult neovascularization. A subset of BM-derived cells, called endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), has been of particular interest, as these cells were suggested to home to sites of neovascularization and neoendothelialization and differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) in situ, a process referred to as postnatal vasculogenesis. Therefore, EPCs were proposed as a potential regenerative tool for treating human vascular disease and a possible target to restrict vessel growth in tumour pathology. However, conflicting results have been reported in the field, and the identification, characterization, and exact role of EPCs in vascular biology is still a subject of much discussion. The focus of this review is on the controversial issues in the field of EPCs which are related to the lack of a unique EPC marker, identification challenges related to the paucity of EPCs in the circulation, and the important phenotypical and functional overlap between EPCs, haematopoietic cells and mature ECs. We also discuss our recent findings on the origin of endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs), showing that this in vitro defined EC population does not originate from circulating CD133(+) cells or CD45(+) haematopoietic cells.
Open Framework and Microporous Transition Metal Silicates (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low temperature poly-Si thin film transistor on plastic substrates (2004)

Poly-Si TFT (Thin Film transistor) fabricated below 170◦C using excimer laser crystallization of sputtered Si films was characterized. In particular, a gate insulator with a breakdown field exceeding 8 MV/cm was deposited by using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). A buffer layer possessing high thermal conductivity was inserted between the active channel and the plastic substrate, in order to protect the plastic substrate from the thermal energy of the laser and to increase adhesion of Si film on plastic. Using this method, we successfully fabricate TFT with a stable electron field-effect mobility value greater than 14.7 cm2/Vsec. key words: poly-Si, TFT, plastic substrate
Successful cutaneous delivery of the photosensitizer silicon phthalocyanine 4 for photodynamic therapy (2011)

After topical application, Pc 4 is absorbed into the epidermis in as little as 1 h, and the absorption increased with increasing time and dose. Pc 4 can be effectively delivered into human skin via topical application. The data also suggest that the degree of penetration is time- and dose-dependent.
2.5 Gbit/s modulation of 1300 nm single-mode photonic crystal VCSELs (2006)

Long wavelength single fundamental mode photonic crystal VCSELs have been fabricated and demonstrated to deliver 1 mW of output power up to 90degC. 2.5 Gbit/s modulation experiments show clear and open eyes
Asynchronous Single-Photon 3D Imaging (2019)

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are becoming popular in time-of-flight depth-ranging due to their unique ability to capture individual photons with picosecond timing resolution. However, ambient light (e.g., sunlight) incident on a SPAD-based 3D camera leads to severe non-linear distortions (pileup) in the measured waveform, resulting in large depth errors. We propose asynchronous single-photon 3D imaging, a family of acquisition schemes to mitigate pileup during data acquisition itself. Asynchronous acquisition temporally misaligns SPAD measurement windows and the laser cycles through deterministically predefined or randomized offsets. Our key insight is that pileup distortions can be “averaged out” by choosing a sequence of offsets that span the entire depth range. We develop a generalized image formation model and perform theoretical analysis to explore the space of asynchronous acquisition schemes and design high-performance schemes. Our simulations and experiments demonstrate an improvement in depth accuracy of up to an order of magnitude as compared to the state-of-the-art, across a wide range of imaging scenarios, including those with high ambient flux.
Video-Based Coding Of Volumetric Data (2020)

New standards are emerging for the coding of volumetric 3D data such as immersive video and point clouds. Some of these volumetric encoders similarly utilize video codecs as the core of their compression approach, but apply different techniques to convert volumetric 3D data into 2D content for subsequent 2D video compression. Currently in MPEG there are two activities that follow this paradigm: ISO/IEC 23090-5 Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) and ISO/IEC 23090-12 MPEG Immersive Video (MIV). In this article we propose for both standards to define 2D projection as common transmission format. We then describe a procedure based on camera projections that is applicable to both standards to convert 3D information into 2D images for efficient 2D compression. Results show that our approach successfully encodes both point clouds and immersive video content with the same performance as the current test models that MPEG experts developed separately for the respective standards. We conclude the article by discussing further integration steps and future directions.
Screening the mammalian extracellular proteome for regulators of embryonic human stem cell pluripotency (2010)

Approximately 3,500 mammalian genes are predicted to be secreted or single-pass transmembrane proteins. The function of the majority of these genes is still unknown, and a number of the encoded proteins might find use as new therapeutic agents themselves or as targets for small molecule or antibody drug development. To analyze the physiological activities of the extracellular proteome, we developed a large-scale, high-throughput protein expression, purification, and screening platform. For this study, the complete human extracellular proteome was analyzed and prioritized based on genome-wide disease association studies to select 529 initial target genes. These genes were cloned into three expression vectors as native sequences and as N-terminal and C-terminal Fc fusions to create an initial collection of 806 purified secreted proteins. To determine its utility, this library was screened in an OCT4-based cellular assay to identify regulators of human embryonic stem-cell self-renewal. We found that the pigment epithelium-derived factor can promote long-term pluripotent growth of human embryonic stem cells without bFGF or TGFbeta/Activin/Nodal ligand supplementation. Our results further indicate that activation of the pigment epithelium-derived factor receptor-Erk1/2 signaling pathway by the pigment epithelium-derived factor is sufficient to maintain the self-renewal of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells. These experiments illustrate the potential for discovering novel biological functions by directly screening protein diversity in cell-based phenotypic or reporter assays.
Time transfer through the optical supervisory channel in wavelength division multiplexing systems (2019)

We present an optical fiber time transfer scheme through the optical supervisory channel (OSC) in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. A sub-band of the standard OSC band is used to transmit time signals by only adding sub-OSC filters in commercial WDM systems. The transmission of the existing communication data service is not affected. The wavelengths of bidirectional time transmission in the same sub-band can be very close, or even the same, to maximize the bidirectional propagation symmetry and improve the precision of time transfer. Combined time, optical supervisory signal, and communication data transmission is experimentally demonstrated along a single 100 km optical fiber in a WDM system in laboratory.
Peptide-based urinary monitoring of fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by mass-barcoded activity-based sensors (2021)

Noninvasive detection of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, promises to improve patient screening, accelerate drug trials, and reduce health care costs. On the basis of protease dysregulation of the biological pathways of fibrotic NASH, we developed the Glympse Bio Test System (GBTS) for multiplexed quantification of liver protease activity. GBTS-NASH comprises a mixture of 19 mass-barcoded PEGylated peptides that is administered intravenously and senses liver protease activity by releasing mass-barcoded reporters into urine for analysis by mass spectrometry. To identify a protease signature of NASH, transcriptomic analysis of 355 human liver biopsies identified a 13-protease panel that discriminated clinically relevant NASH ≥F2 fibrosis from F0-F1 with high classification accuracy across two independent patient datasets. We screened 159 candidate substrates to identify a panel of 19 peptides that exhibited high activity for our 13-protease panel. In the choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) mouse model, binary classifiers trained on urine samples discriminated fibrotic NASH from simple steatosis and healthy controls across a range of nondisease conditions and indicated disease regression upon diet change [area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROCs) > 0.97]. Using a hepatoprotective triple combination treatment (FXR agonist, ACC and ASK1 inhibitors) in a rat model of NASH, urinary classification distinguished F0-F1 from ≥F2 animals and indicated therapeutic response as early as 1 week on treatment (AUROCs >0.91). Our results support GBTS-NASH to diagnose fibrotic NASH via an infusion of peptides, monitor changes in disease severity, and indicate early treatment response.
Voltage controlled nano-injection system for single-cell surgery (2012)

Manipulation and analysis of single cells is the next frontier in understanding processes that control the function and fate of cells. Herein we describe a single-cell injection platform based on nanopipettes. The system uses scanning microscopy techniques to detect cell surfaces, and voltage pulses to deliver molecules into individual cells. As a proof of concept, we injected adherent mammalian cells with fluorescent dyes.
Solid-State Semiconductor Optical Cryocooler Based on CdS Nanobelts (2014)

We demonstrate the laser cooling of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate using CdS nanobelts. The local temperature change of the SOI substrate exactly beneath the CdS nanobelts is deduced from the ratio of the Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman intensities from the Si layer on the top of the SOI substrate. We have achieved a 30 and 20 K net cooling starting from 290 K under a 3.8 mW 514 nm and a 4.4 mW 532 nm pumping, respectively. In contrast, a laser heating effect has been observed pumped by 502 and 488 nm lasers. Theoretical analysis based on the general static heat conduction module in the Ansys program package is conducted, which agrees well with the experimental results. Our investigations demonstrate the laser cooling capability of an external thermal load, suggesting the applications of II-VI semiconductors in all-solid-state optical cryocoolers.
ChemInform Abstract: Biotemplated Synthesis of Perovskite Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Conversion. (2012)

Abstract Strontium titanate and bismuth ferrite perovskite nanomaterials are prepared from ethylene glycol solutions of SrCl 2 and TiCl 4 , and Bi(NO 3 ) 3 and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , resp., using genetically engineered M13 virus as a mineralizer (80 °C, 4 h).
Hyve-3D and the 3D Cursor: Architectural co-design with freedom in Virtual Reality (2016)

Hybrid Virtual Environment 3D (Hyve-3D) is a system that allows architectural co-design inside Virtual Reality by a new model of interaction through a 3D cursor. It augments the concept of the cursor to better interact with three-dimensional virtual spaces, rethinking it as a drawing/control plane and viewpoints inside the virtual world. Handheld tablets intuitively manipulate 3D cursors. Users can simultaneously access their individual complementary views on the tablets as personal windows into the shared immersive display. They can concurrently sketch in three dimensions, transform, and manipulate three-dimensional objects using the tablets as tangible props and collectively navigate the scene using the tablet as a 3D trackpad. The system implementation and co-design assessments of different settings are presented.
Electric-field-directed growth of carbon nanotubes in two dimensions (2004)

The interplay between mechanical and electronic properties in carbon nanotubes leads to interesting characteristics in devices such as a nanotube cross structure. The fabrication of nanotube devices has often been based on random growth or deposition of nanotubes and subsequently searching for those in desired locations with proper orientations. Obviously we want to be able to make such devices controllably. We present data on extending the technique of one-dimensional alignment of nanotubes using electric field to two dimensions in order to make more complicated structures such as nanotube crosses. It appears that nanotubes assemble in the regions of the most intense electric field. Also, they tend to follow the local field lines, even in nonuniform fields. Furthermore, they tend to grow away from negative toward positive polarities.
A Tiny Quadrature Oscillator Using Low-Q Series LC Tanks (2015)

A new quadrature oscillator topology is proposed, which arranges four low-Q series LC tanks in a ring structure driven by inverters operating in class-D. With a very small area of 0.007 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> that is comparable to conventional ring oscillators, this oscillator has 7-20 dB better phase noise FoM of 177 dB. It is widely tunable for nearly an octave from 2.66 to 4.97 GHz.
Gradient index optics (1989)

The principal advantage of gradient index optics is the simplification of optics systems by the elimination of one or two lenses in a multilens system. This results in reduced cost, size, and weight without a sacrifice in performance. This tutorial begins with an understanding of the basics of gradient index materials, both in the optical regime and in other areas of physics. Lens design of axial, radial, and spherical gradient materials is discussed. The problems of materials measurements are described, with particular emphasis on materials and the limits of gradient index design in terms of current and future materials. Finally, the currently existing systems are required.
Pseudorandom Code Waveform Design for CW Radar (1979)

Certain surveillance radar applications require that the transmitted signal be continuous wave (CW) and wide bandwidth to meet range and range-rate resolution, and also performance requirements in clutter, multiple targets, or other interfering environments. Although an unmodulated CW radar is well suited for making range-rate (Doppler) measurements, a modulation of the transmitted signal is generally required to make range measurements. We describe the use of a pseudorandom code (PRC) which modulates the radar transmitter carrier to meet the range resolution and measurement requirements. The tradeoffs for selecting the PRC code parameters are presented together with a functional description. It is shown that in order to achieve the desired performance, it is necessary that Doppler ambiguities be avoided. This generally causes the range measurement to be ambiguous. The range ambiguity can be removed by staggering the code clock frequency during the time on target. Special emphasis is placed on an algorithm which allows range measurements to be made to an accuracy of one code bit.