gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithium tetraborate transducers (1991)

Lithium tetraborate is a tetragonal material of considerable promise for frequency control and signal processing applications. It exhibits piezoelectric coupling values that fall between those of lithium niobate and quartz, but possesses orientations for which the temperature coefficient of frequency and delay time is zero for bulk and surface acoustic waves. The properties of two doubly rotated bulk wave resonator orientations having first- and second-order temperature coefficients equal to zero are discussed. These are suitable for shear and compressional wave transducers in applications where very low temperature sensitivity is required simultaneously with moderately strong piezocoupling coefficients.
An Improved Method for the Preparation of Intermediate-PurityAntihemophilic Factor Concentrate for Therapeutic Usage (1980)

An improved method involving pH changes in the process for the preparation of intermediate-purity antihemophilic concentrate olfers several advantages over the standard method. Antihemophilic concentrates thus prepared are more soluble, more purified and more stable than the standard antihemophilic concentrates. High-potency antihemophilic concentrates with good solubility may be obtained by concentrating the [in-process] solution before lyophilization.
Purification and Use of Glycomacropeptide for Nutritional Management of Phenylketonuria (2009)

Individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) cannot metabolize phenylalanine (Phe) and must adhere to a low-Phe diet in which most dietary protein is provided by a Phe-free amino acid formula. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is the only naturally occurring protein that does not contain Phe, and is of interest as a source of protein for dietary management of PKU. However, commercially available GMP contains too much Phe from residual whey proteins and does not contain adequate levels of all the indispensable amino acids to provide a nutritionally complete protein. The aim of this study was to increase purity of GMP and develop a mass balance calculation for indispensable amino acid supplementation of GMP foods. Cation exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration/diafiltration, and lyophilization were used at the pilot plant scale to decrease Phe. Enough purified GMP (5 kg) was manufactured to provide 15 PKU subjects with a 4-d diet in which the majority of protein was from GMP foods. A mass balance was used to supplement GMP foods so that all indispensable amino acids met or exceeded the daily recommended intake. GMP foods were tested in a human clinical trial as a replacement for the traditional amino acid formula. Nutritionally complete GMP foods created with high purity GMP provide individuals with PKU with more options to manage PKU, which may lead to improved compliance and quality of life.
Nanofluidic molecular filters for efficient protein separation and preconcentration (2005)

Regular nanofluidic channels, as thin as 20 nm, have been fabricated and used for protein separation and preconcentration. The nanochannels were fabricated by the substrate-bonding method, and the regularity of the nanochannel has been confirmed by cross-section SEM imaging. A nanofilter array device, with an array of 60-120 nm thin nanofilters, was used for separating small biomolecules (short double-stranded DNA and SDS-coated proteins) based on their size. The sieving of biomolecules (which are comparable to or smaller than the nanofilter gap size) is achieved by steric hindrance of biomolecules within nanochannels. The efficiency of this gel-free separation device is comparable to capillary gel electrophoresis, and can be made better by further optimization. In addition, we have developed a novel biomolecule concentrator using a 40 nm nanofluidic channel as a perm-selective membrane. More than a million times preconcentration of dilute protein or peptide solutions was demonstrated, which was enabled by the stability of the device.
A novelMDM2 anti-sense oligonucleotide has anti-tumor activity and potentiates cytotoxic drugs acting by different mechanisms in human colon cancer (2000)

MDM2 is over-expressed in several human tumors. Its product is a negative-feedback regulator of p53, which interferes with the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis, interacting not only with p53 but also with retinoblastoma (Rb) and E2F. Moreover, mutations in the ARF-Ink4a locus may also allow MDM2 to override p53 functions. In this study, we have used a novel oligonucleotide anti-sense MDM2, with mixed-backbone structure and demonstrate that it causes inhibition of MDM2 expression, induction of both p53 and p21/WAF1 expression and a dose-dependent, growth-inhibitory effect in human GEO colon-cancer cells. We also show that anti-sense MDM2 has a co-operative growth-inhibitory effect with different classes of cytotoxic drugs acting by different mechanisms. Moreover, anti-sense MDM2 induces apoptosis and markedly enhances the apoptotic activity of different cytotoxic drugs. Finally, we show that anti-sense MDM2 has anti-tumor activity in vivo in nude mice bearing GEO xenografts and potentiates the anti-tumor effect of cytotoxic drugs. Indeed, despite the short treatment period, the combination of anti-sense MDM2 and cytotoxic drugs causes a marked delay in tumor growth and prolongation of mice survival, lasting several months after treatment cessation. The anti-tumor effect is associated with inhibition of MDM2 expression in tumor specimens of animals treated with anti-sense MDM2, alone or in combination with a cytotoxic drug. Our results provide the rationale for development of a novel mixed-backbone anti-sense MDM2 into a clinical setting in therapeutic combination strategies with conventional cytotoxic drugs.
Design and Evaluation of Cable-driven Manipulator with Motion-decoupled Joints (2008)

In this paper, we present the design of a cable-driven servomanipulator with motion-decoupled joints. The cable transmission connecting the actuators to the joints remotely, causes a motion coupling problem where the length or tension of the cable is changed due to an unwanted motion interference at joints. To maintain the cable length constant regardless of the rotation of the arm, we used three different schemes such as a motion-decoupled structure for a shoulder joint, a novel motion decoupling mechanism for an elbow joint, and an optimization of the geometric parameters for a wrist joint. Experimental results show that the overall cable length variation at the cable-driven joints is less than 0.01 mm. Therefore, we expect that the suggested decoupling methods could assure a more accurate motion control for a cable-driven servomanipulator.
Preparation, characterization and fuel cell application of new acid-base blend membranes (2000)

In our contribution we present the preparation and characterization results of different types of acid-base ionomer blends. As acidic blend components sulfonated polyetherketone and sulfonated polysulfone have been applied, while as basic components PSU(NH 2)2, poly(4- vinylpyridine), and polybenzimidazole have been used. The thermal stabilities of the observed blend membranes ranged from 270 t o 350°C. Membranes showing low ionic resistances of <50 Ohm . cm were prepared. Some of the acid-base blend membranes were investigated in electronmicroscopy (TEM and SEM). The TEM micrographs showed a fine structure in the Angstrom size range, and at some of the me also structures in the 50-200 nm size range were observed. The FTIR analysis of the acid-base blends showed characteristic band s indicating ionic crosslink formation in the blends. Some of the membranes were applied to fuel cells. These membranes showed good performa nce both in H2 and direct methanol fuel cells. The experiments yielded the result that the electrical power which is obtained with these membr anes is comparable with the power obtained with Nafion® if the ion-exchange capacity of the membrane is high enough and if its thickness is in the range of 30-40 μm. The maximum power densitiy achieved with one of the acid-base membranes in a direct methanol fuel cell amounted to approxima tely 50 mW/ cm 2 at 100 mA/cm 2 in air mode, which is a value comparable to that obtainable with Nafion®.
Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide-<i>c</i><i>o</i>-1-vinylimidazole) Hydrogel Nanoparticles Prepared and Hydrophobically Modified in Liposome Reactors:  Atomic Force Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering Study (2003)

The poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-1-vinylimidazole) hydrogel nanoparticles (nanogels; 30−300 nm in diameter) with hydrophobic N-octadecylacrylamide chains exposed on their surfaces have been prepared by UV-induced polymerization. The internal reservoir of liposomes was used as a container for the water-soluble components of a gel-forming medium while the interlayer space of the liposomal lipid membrane was used as a container for the water-insoluble components. The abrupt collapsing of the nanogels was accompanied with their aggregation above the volume phase transition temperature, as was observed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The combined DLS and atomic force microscopy (AFM) study shows that the obtained hydrogel nanoparticles were highly compatible with the lipid bilayer. This compatibility led to a self-initiated coating of the hydrogel particles by a lipid layer upon mixing of liposomes and nanogels. Swollen and collapsed states of the nanogels at different pH values were visualized by AFM. The flattening of the liposomes and nanogels was compared upon their deposition onto a mica surface in air. The quantitative characteristics of the nanogels in swollen and collapsed states were revealed by cross sectioning of AFM images. The findings indicate great potential for using the spherical nanoparticles (liposomes and nanogels) as starting materials for the fabrication of planar and hemispherical biophysical nanodevices.
Suppression of Metal-Insulator Transition in VO <sub>2</sub> by Electric Field–Induced Oxygen Vacancy Formation (2013)

Electrolyte gating with ionic liquids is a powerful tool for inducing novel conducting phases in correlated insulators. An archetypal correlated material is vanadium dioxide (VO(2)), which is insulating only at temperatures below a characteristic phase transition temperature. We show that electrolyte gating of epitaxial thin films of VO(2) suppresses the metal-to-insulator transition and stabilizes the metallic phase to temperatures below 5 kelvin, even after the ionic liquid is completely removed. We found that electrolyte gating of VO(2) leads not to electrostatically induced carriers but instead to the electric field-induced creation of oxygen vacancies, with consequent migration of oxygen from the oxide film into the ionic liquid. This mechanism should be taken into account in the interpretation of ionic liquid gating experiments.
Pituitary-Directed Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Transgene Causes Cushing’s Syndrome: Neuro-Immune-Endocrine Modulation of Pituitary Development (1998)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) regulates the mature hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vivo. In vitro, LIF determines corticotroph cell proliferation and induces POMC transcription. To explore LIF action on pituitary development, transgenic mice expressing LIF driven by the pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alphaGSU) promoter were generated. Transgenic mice exhibited dwarfism with low IGF-I (29 +/- 9 ng/ml vs. wild type (WT) 137 +/- 16 ng/ml; P < 0.001), hypogonadism with low FSH (0.04 +/- 0.023 ng/ml vs. WT 0.63 +/- 0.18 ng/ml; P < 0.001), and Cushingoid features of thin skin and truncal obesity with elevated cortisol levels (86 +/- 22 ng/ml vs. WT 50 +/- 14 ng/ml; P = 0.002). Their pituitary glands showed corticotroph hyperplasia, striking somatotroph and gonadotroph hypoplasia, and multiple Rathke-like cysts lined by ciliated cells. LIF, overexpressed in Rathke's pouch at embryonal day 10, diverts the differentiation stream of hormone-secreting cells toward the corticotroph lineage and ciliated nasopharyngeal-like epithelium. Thus, inappropriate expression of LIF, a neuro-immune interfacing cytokine, plays a key role in the terminal differentiation events of pituitary development and mature pituitary function.
Borrelia burgdorferi enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for discrimination of OspA vaccination from spirochete infection (1997)

Recombinant Lyme disease vaccines based on purified preparations of outer surface protein A (OspA) have been shown to be effective in preventing transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi in experimental animal models and are now being tested in humans. Since the most widely used screening tests for Lyme disease are based on a whole-cell sonicate of B. burgdorferi, serologic false positivity in vaccinated persons could result from reactivity to OspA within the antigen preparation. In order to avoid serologic false positivity in vaccinated subjects, we developed an immunoassay based on a low-passage-number, naturally occurring variant of B. burgdorferi which lacks the plasmid encoding OspA and OspB. The use of an antigen preparation derived from this organism provided sensitive and specific detection of B. burgdorferi seropositivity in experimental animals and in human Lyme disease cases. The OspA-B-negative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) also appeared to be capable of discriminating the vaccinated state from vaccine failure and natural infection in experimental animals. Sera from human subjects participating in a vaccine trial gave false-positive results with an ELISA based on an OspA-containing strain, but no such reactivity was observed when the OspA-negative ELISA was used. We conclude that low-passage-number OspA-B-negative isolates in immunoassays may become useful for the immunologic discrimination of the vaccinated state, natural infection, and vaccine failure.
Silicon Nitride Gate Dielectrics and Band Gap Engineering in Graphene Layers (2010)

We show that silicon nitride can provide uniform coverage of graphene in field-effect transistors while preserving the channel mobility. This insulator allowed us to study the maximum channel resistance at the Dirac (neutrality) point as a function of the strength of a perpendicular electric field in top-gated devices with different numbers of graphene layers. Using a simple model to account for surface potential variations (electron-hole puddles) near the Dirac point we estimate the field-induced band gap or band overlap in the different layers.
Protection of Melanized Cryptococcus neoformans from Lethal Dose Gamma Irradiation Involves Changes in Melanin's Chemical Structure and Paramagnetism (2011)

Certain fungi thrive in highly radioactive environments including the defunct Chernobyl nuclear reactor. Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans), which uses L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to produce melanin, was used here to investigate how gamma radiation under aqueous aerobic conditions affects the properties of melanin, with the aim of gaining insight into its radioprotective role. Exposure of melanized fungal cell in aqueous suspensions to doses of γ-radiation capable of killing 50 to 80% of the cells did not lead to a detectable loss of melanin integrity according to EPR spectra of melanin radicals. Moreover, upon UV-visible (Xe-lamp) illumination of melanized cells, the increase in radical population was unchanged after γ-irradiation. Gamma-irradiation of frozen cell suspensions and storage of samples for several days at 77 K however, produced melanin modification noted by a reduced radical population and reduced photoresponse. More direct evidence for structural modification of melanin came from the detection of soluble products with absorbance maxima near 260 nm in supernatants collected after γ-irradiation of cells and cell-free melanin. These products, which include thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive aldehydes, were also generated by Fenton reagent treatment of cells and cell-free melanin. In an assay of melanin integrity based on the metal (Bi(+3)) binding capacity of cells, no detectable loss in binding was detected after γ-irradiation. Our results show that melanin in C. neoformans cells is susceptible to some damage by hydroxyl radical formed in lethal radioactive aqueous environments and serves a protective role in melanized fungi that involves sacrificial breakdown.
Towards simultaneous delay-fault built-in self-test and partial-scan insertion (2002)

We propose a novel hardware model to reconfigure a sequential ULSI circuit for partial-scanned delay-fault built-in self-test (BIST). We modify the standard stuck-fault BIST model to ensure highly robust delay tests by inserting hardware to avoid circuit hazards that invalidate delay tests. The model treats un-scanned flip-flops and latches as inverters or buffers. We propose a novel minimum feedback vertex set (FVS) algorithm based on quadratic 0-1 programming (which has O(n/sup 2/) complexity) for partial-scan flip-flop selection. We obtain a pipelined sequential circuit and insert parity-flippers to remove hazards during testing. We avoid placing hardware on time-critical paths. We find the FVS and insert deglitching hardware for all of the 1989 ISCAS circuits.
Ascorbate Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Cell Suspension Culture (1999)

The biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) in an Arabidopsis (L.) Heynh. cell suspension culture was studied by quantifying the effects of incubation with a range of potential biosynthetic precursors, analogs, and inhibitors on the intracellular levels of reduced and oxidized forms of L-AA. Our results support the recently published biosynthetic pathway of L-AA from L-galactose (G.L. Wheeler, M.A. Jones, N. Smirnoff [1998] Nature 393: 365-369), but suggest that Arabidopsis cell suspension culture simultaneously contains two other routes leading to L-AA. The possible physiological significance of these alternate routes is discussed.
Narrow-band hairpin-comb filters for HTS and other applications (2002)

The folded half-wavelength resonators in hairpin-comb filters all have the same orientation whereas the orientations of the resonators in conventional hairpin filters alternates. Hairpin-comb filters have attractive properties for design of compact, narrow-band filters such as are often desired for high-temperature-superconductivity and other applications.
<title>Ultragram: a generalized holographic stereogram</title> (1991)

A method for producing holographic stereograms with reduced geometrical constraints is presented. The type of holographic stereogram produced, called the ULTRAGRAM, can offer a combination of large viewing zone, arbitrary viewing distance, minimal image distortion, and high spatial resolution, depending on alterable parameters in the image processing software. Computer-based image processing techniques are used to mimic the effect of optical devices while permitting simple re-configurability. The ULTRAGRAM holographic exposure apparatus can be built with reduced attention to the final viewing geometry. An astigmatic computer graphics camera design greatly simplifies image generation. The techniques described are applicable to both one and multi-step stereograms, optical predistortion methods, and both horizontal and full-parallax systems.
Face description based on decomposition and combining of a facial space with LDA (2004)

We propose a method of efficient face description for facial image retrieval from a large data set. The novel descriptor is obtained by decomposing the face image into several components and then combining the component features. The decomposition combined with LDA (linear discriminant analysis) provides discriminative facial features that are less sensitive to light and pose changes. Each component is represented in its Fisher space and another LDA is then applied to compactly combine the features of the components. To enhance retrieval accuracy further, a simple pose classification and transformation technique is performed, followed by recursive matching. The experimental results obtained on the MPEG-7 data set show an impressive accuracy of our algorithm as compared with the conventional PCA/ICA/LDA methods.
A multicolor projection display using nematic-cholesteric liquid crystal (1989)

A multicolor projection display with a bright screen and high information content using nematic-cholesteric (NC) liquid crystals is discussed. Through investigation of light scattering in the focal-conic state of the NC liquid-crystal layer, it was found that the transmittance depends on the light wavelength due to diffraction scattering and that the color of light transmitted through the layer can be controlled by the birefringence and the thickness of the liquid-crystal layer. A 640*400 pixel multicolor projection display was fabricated using a two-layered liquid-crystal panel, each layer passing green and red light under the focal-conic state. The Munsell chroma value was six for both the projected colors. The projector provides excellent white and black because of the high transmittance of the nematic state and the subtractive mixture of complementary colors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated imaging sensor systems with CMOS active pixel sensor technology (2002)

This paper discusses common approaches to CMOS APS technology, as well as specific results on the five-wire programmable digital camera-on-a-chip developed at JPL. The paper also reports recent research in the design, operation, and performance of APS imagers for several imager applications.
Multi-Priority Cartesian Impedance Control (2010)

Manipulator compliance is well known to be important to robot manipulation and assembly. Recently, this has been highlighted by the development of new higly-compliant robot manipulators such as the Barrett arm or the DLR lightweight manipulator [1, 2]. It is also clear that dexterous manipulation involves touching the environment at different locations simultaneously (perhaps at different points on the robot hand or fingers). In these situations, it is particularly attractive to control the system using a multi-priority strategy where several contact points are commanded in parallel. Multi-priority Cartesian impedance control is the natural combination of these two ideas. The system realizes several impedances with different reference positions at different points on the robot with a specified order of priority. We find a controller that minimizes an arbitrary quadratic norm on the second-priority impedance error subject to constraints deriving from the first priority impedance task. We also show that the locally optimal controller does not require force feedback in its implementation for passive desired inertias. The results are illustrated in simulation.