gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of cancer cell invasion and metastasis by genistein (2010)

Genistein is a small, biologically active flavonoid that is found in high amounts in soy. This important compound possesses a wide variety of biological activities, but it is best known for its ability to inhibit cancer progression. In particular, genistein has emerged as an important inhibitor of cancer metastasis. Consumption of genistein in the diet has been linked to decreased rates of metastatic cancer in a number of population-based studies. Extensive investigations have been performed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying genistein's antimetastatic activity, with results indicating that this small molecule has significant inhibitory activity at nearly every step of the metastatic cascade. Reports have demonstrated that, at high concentrations, genistein can inhibit several proteins involved with primary tumor growth and apoptosis, including the cyclin class of cell cycle regulators and the Akt family of proteins. At lower concentrations that are similar to those achieved through dietary consumption, genistein can inhibit the prometastatic processes of cancer cell detachment, migration, and invasion through a variety of mechanisms, including the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway. Several in vitro findings have been corroborated in both in vivo animal studies and in early-phase human clinical trials, demonstrating that genistein can both inhibit human cancer metastasis and also modulate markers of metastatic potential in humans, respectively. Herein, we discuss the variety of mechanisms by which genistein regulates individual steps of the metastatic cascade and highlight the potential of this natural product as a promising therapeutic inhibitor of metastasis.
<title>VCSEL applications in sensors and microsystems</title> (1998)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are uniquely suited to miniaturized free-space optical systems in which surface-mounting and hybrid assembly techniques can be used to combine different technologies together. Two examples are described of such microsystems that are being developed for sensing applications. The first example is an optical position sensing system for rotating parts. Progress on fabricating similar system by flip-chip bonding techniques is then discussed. The second examples is a chemical sensing/analysis system which uses a miniature fluorescence detection model that is based on surface- mounted VCSELs and diffractive optical elements. The detection modules is integrated with a capillary electrochromatography separation system and uses substrate- mode light propagation to focus the VCSEL beam on the capillary channel.
Salutary Effect of Kallistatin in Salt-Induced Renal Injury, Inflammation, and Fibrosis via Antioxidative Stress (2008)

An inverse relationship exists between kallistatin levels and salt-induced oxidative stress in Dahl-salt sensitive rats. We further investigated the role of kallistatin in inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis through antioxidative stress in Dahl-salt sensitive rats and cultured renal cells. High-salt intake in Dahl-salt sensitive rats induced elevation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (an indicator of lipid peroxidation), malondialdehyde levels, reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, and superoxide formation, whereas kallistatin gene delivery significantly reduced these oxidative stress parameters. Kallistatin treatment improved renal function and reduced kidney damage as evidenced by diminished proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen levels, glomerular sclerosis, tubular damage, and protein cast formation. Kallistatin significantly decreased interstitial monocyte-macrophage infiltration and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Kallistain also reduced collagen fraction volume and the deposition and expression of collagen types I and III. Renal protection by kallistatin was associated with increased NO levels and endothelial NO synthase expression and decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and transforming growth factor-beta1 expression. Moreover, kallistatin attenuated tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression via inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in cultured proximal tubular cells. Kallistatin inhibited fibronectin and collagen expression by suppressing angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species generation and transforming growth factor-beta1 expression in cultured mesangial cells. These combined findings reveal that kallistatin is a novel antioxidant, which prevents salt-induced kidney injury, inflammation, and fibrosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-induced proinflammatory cytokine and transforming growth factor-beta1 expression.
Analysis of neutral carbohydrates in agricultural residues by gas-liquid chromatography (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of neutral carbohydrates in agricultural residues by gas-liquid chromatographyLarry H. Krull and George E. InglettCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 5, 917–919Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60231a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60231a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extreme IR absorption in group IV-SiGeSn core-shell nanowires (2018)

Sn-containing Si and Ge (Ge1-y-xSixSny) alloys are an emerging family of semiconductors with the potential to impact group IV material-based devices. These semiconductors provide the ability to independently engineer both the lattice parameter and bandgap, which holds the premise to develop enhanced or novel photonic and electronic devices. With this perspective, we present detailed investigations of the influence of Ge1-y-xSixSny layers on the optical properties of Si and Ge based heterostructures and nanowires. We found that by adding a thin Ge1-y-xSixSny capping layer on Si or Ge greatly enhances light absorption especially in the near infrared range, leading to an increase in short-circuit current density. For the Ge1-y-xSixSny structure at thicknesses below 30 nm, a 14-fold increase in the short-circuit current is observed with respect to bare Si. This enhancement decreases by reducing the capping layer thickness. Conversely, decreasing the shell thickness was found to improve the short-circuit current in Si/Ge1-y-xSixSny and Ge/Ge1-y-xSixSny core/shell nanowires. The optical absorption becomes very important by increasing the Sn content. Moreover, by exploiting an optical antenna effect, these nanowires show extreme light absorption, reaching an enhancement factor, with respect to Si or Ge nanowires, on the order of 104 in Si/Ge0.84Si0.04Sn0.12 and 12 in Ge/Ge0.84Si0.04Sn0.12. Furthermore, we analyzed the optical response after the addition of a dielectric layer of Si3N4 to the Si/Ge1-y-xSixSny core-shell nanowire and found approximatively a 50% increase in the short-circuit current density for a dielectric layer of thickness equal to 45 nm and both a core radius and a shell thickness greater than 40 nm. The core−shell optical antenna benefits from a multiplication of enhancements contributed by leaky mode resonances in the semiconductor part and antireflection effects in the dielectric part.
Studies on angiotensin II and analogs: impact of substitution in position 8 on conformation and activity. (1985)

Affinity, residual agonist activity, and inhibitor properties of a series of angiotensin II analogs modified at the COOH-terminal position (X8-substituted peptides) have been probed for structure/conformation-biological activity relationships. The results emphasize (i) the large impact that subtle conformational variations caused by structural alterations in the position 8 side chain have on biological properties, (ii) the implication of the COOH-terminal carboxyl group in both affinity and intrinsic activity, and (iii) the influence that the bulkiness of the side chain in position 8 of antagonists has on the local conformation at the COOH terminus and thus on the inhibitory properties. In the hormone, the phenylalanine-8 ring is required for its steric influence and aromaticity to ensure a fully active conformation at the COOH terminus. Especially, correct orientation of the position 8 carboxyl group relative to the phenyl group of the phenylalanine residue may be necessary for agonistic activation of the angiotensin receptor complex. Replacement of the aromatic ring on the COOH-terminal residue by a nonaromatic group leads to incorrect orientation of the carboxyl group and causes the appearance of antagonist properties. Although the steric effects of the side chain can be modulated by specific interaction of its chemical groups (if any) with the peptide backbone, we found a good correlation between the size of the side chain-e.g., the steric parameter V gamma (the van der Waals volume consisting of the C alpha, C beta, and C gamma atoms), the conformational properties in the backbone (3J HC alpha-NH), and the binding capacities in all compounds tested.
Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: What We Know and What We Need To Know about Their Prevention (1996)

Cardiovascular disease is a major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). With an increase in the number of older diabetic persons, an increase in U.S. minority populations with high rates of diabetes, and the proven success of new methods to reduce microvascular complications, the importance of diabetic macrovascular complications will increase. The relative effectiveness of different treatments to reduce the incidence of diabetic cardiovascular complications is poorly understood. In addition to relative efficacy, issues related to patient burden and the economic cost of different treatments must be considered. Some of the information needed to improve therapy therapy will be available soon from ongoing clinical trials. Obtaining definitive answers to other questions, especially those related to the relative benefit of intensive glucose level control compared with control of other known cardiovascular disease risk factors, will require additional studies. Although several questions unique to diabetic patients remain unanswered, results of previous clinical trials done among largely nondiabetic participants can be used to develop interim recommendations for cardiovascular disease prevention. Until definitive guidelines for prevention are established, combining aggressive therapy for known cardiovascular disease risk factors with efforts to normalize the glucose level offers the best chance to reduce the higher risk for cardiovascular disease associated with NIDDM.
Expansion of circular tubes by rigid tubes as impact energy absorbers: experimental and theoretical investigation (2007)

Abstract In this study, expansion of deformable tubes by a rigid tube is introduced as a new mechanism of dissipating energy. In this mechanism of dissipating energy, there is a specific clearance between the surfaces of the rigid and deformable tubes, and the rigid tube is press-fitted onto the top end of the deformable one up to 30 mm. when this arrangement of dissipating energy is subjected to axial compression, the rigid tube is driven into the deformable one; consequently, the impact energy is absorbed by the plastic expansion energy of the deformable tube and the frictional energy at the contact interface between rigid and deformable tubes. Experimental, numerical and analytical study of this process under axially quasi-static loading is presented in this paper. Through the experimental and theoretical studies, major crashworthiness parameters in design are identified. The influence of friction coefficient between the surfaces of deformable and rigid tubes on the value of mean crush load is studied, and typical expansion modes of deformation that may occur during axial compression are characterized. Also, expansion load-displacement history and mechanics of the expansion process as an impact energy absorber are studied. It is shown that this energy absorption method has high crush force efficiency and favourable crashworthiness characteristics both in uniform and non-uniform loading conditions.
Chirality matters: stereo-defined phosphorothioate linkages at the termini of small interfering RNAs improve pharmacology <i>in vivo</i> (2021)

A critical challenge for the successful development of RNA interference-based therapeutics therapeutics has been the enhancement of their in vivo metabolic stability. In therapeutically relevant, fully chemically modified small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), modification of the two terminal phosphodiester linkages in each strand of the siRNA duplex with phosphorothioate (PS) is generally sufficient to protect against exonuclease degradation in vivo. Since PS linkages are chiral, we systematically studied the properties of siRNAs containing single chiral PS linkages at each strand terminus. We report an efficient and simple method to introduce chiral PS linkages and demonstrate that Rp diastereomers at the 5' end and Sp diastereomers at the 3' end of the antisense siRNA strand improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in a mouse model. In silico modeling studies provide mechanistic insights into how the Rp isomer at the 5' end and Sp isomer at the 3' end of the antisense siRNA enhance Argonaute 2 (Ago2) loading and metabolic stability of siRNAs in a concerted manner.
Photoaffinity labeling of indole-3-acetic acid-binding proteins in maize (1989)

The photoaffinity labeling agent 5-azidoindole-3-acetic acid, an analog of the endogenous plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin), was used to identify indole-3-acetic acid-binding proteins in maize. Two peptides with subunit molecular masses of 24 and 22 kilodaltons are specifically labeled in a saturable manner. Both peptides are slightly acidic and behave as dimers under nondenaturing conditions. The possibility that one of these peptides is the auxin receptor that mediates cell elongation in maize is discussed.
RTM 3D angle gathers for OBN data using an equal area spherical binning method (2021)

Compared with towed-streamer acquisitions, ocean bottom nodes (OBN) generally provide fuller-azimuth illumination of the subsurface, longer offsets, higher signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and improved low frequencies. These advantages provide the necessary ingredients for two key elements of seismic exploration and monitoring: (i) full-waveform inversion (FWI) with better constrained velocity models and (ii) imaging below complex structures with improved illumination. In order to take full advantage of this data, it is imperative to use the best imaging algorithm available. Reverse time migration (RTM) is well suited for imaging deep and complex structures. Moreover, it can be modified to yield angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIGs). These gathers inherit the usual benefits of RTM, when compared to other imaging algorithms, while providing prestack images with reliable subsurface information. This information can be used for amplitude variation with angle/offset (AVA/O) inversion, migration velocity analysis (MVA), and other prestack domain methods. We will investigate data sampling issues related to the implementation of RTM 3D angle gathers, which are more prominent in the case of OBN acquisitions, and propose a method for sampling the subsurface reflection energy that better represents the full-azimuth nature of OBN data while honoring the amplitudes of the image gathers.
写真ルポ 写真家Q.サカマキが撮った大震災 まなざしに「戦場」が映っていた (2011)

We observed experimentally a new regime for granular flows in an inclined channel with a flow-rate-controlled system. For high flow rates, the flow occurs atop a static granular heap whose angle is considerably higher than those usually exhibited by granular heaps. The properties of such superstable heaps (SSH) are drastically affected by a change in the channel width W. This indicates that the unusual stability of these heaps can be accounted for by the flowing layer and its friction on the sidewalls. A simple depth-averaged model, assuming Coulomb friction, shows that the SSH angle scales as h/W (W being the channel width), and that grain size plays no part.
Stable transduction of recombinant adeno-associated virus into hematopoietic stem cells from normal and sickle cell patients. (1996)

Stable introduction of genes into human hematopoietic stem cells with self-renewing potential is a necessary requirement for gene therapy strategies. We have developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector and a partial packaging cell line that produces recombinant AAV at a titer of 10(8) transducing particles per milliliter. A high-titer viral stock containing the CMV/lacZ gene was used to transfer lacZ sequences into CD34+ Lin-Thy+ hematopoietic stem cells purified from normal and homozygous sickle cell patients. After infection, the cells were cultured in two ways. In the first set of experiments, the cell were expanded 300-fold in liquid culture for 21 days and plated in methylcellulose. Burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) were then analyzed for lacZ sequences. In the second set of experiments, infected cells were cultured for 6 weeks under conditions that maintain long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC). Progenitors were plated in methylcellulose, and BFU-E were analyzed for lacZ DNA. Stable transduction of lacZ sequences was observed in 25% of the colonies in both sets of experiments. These results demonstrate for the first time that LTC-IC can be transduced stably with a recombinant AAV vector. The results suggest that AAV may be a useful vector for genetic therapy of sickle cell disease and other hematopoietic disorders.
Parametric Deflection Approximations for End-Loaded, Large-Deflection Beams in Compliant Mechanisms (1995)

Geometric nonlinearities often complicate the analysis of systems containing large-deflection members. The time and resources required to develop closed-form or numerical solutions have inspired the development of a simple method of approximating the deflection path of end-loaded, large-deflection cantilever beams. The path coordinates are parameterized in a single parameter called the pseudo-rigid-body angle. The approximations are accurate to within 0.5 percent of the closed-form elliptic integral solutions. A physical model is associated with the method, and may be used to simplify complex problems. The method proves to be particularly useful in the analysis and design of compliant mechanisms.
Propagation of dendritic cell progenitors from normal mouse liver using GM-CSF and their maturational development in the presence of type-I collagen (1994)

Within 1 wk ofliquid culture in granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), normal B10 BR (H-2k I-E +) mouse liver nonparenchymal cells (NPC) formed loosely adherent myeloid cell clusters that have been shown to contain dendritic cell (DC) progenitors in similar studies of mouse blood or bone marrow.Mononuclear cell progeny released from these clusters at and beyond 4 d exhibited distinct dendritic morphology and were actively phagocytic.After 6-10 d of culture, these cells strongly expressed CD45, CDllb, heat stable antigen, and CD44.However, the intensity of expression of the DC-restricted markers NLDC 145, 33D1, and N418, and the macrophage marker F4/80, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and Fc'}'RII was low to moderate, whereas the cells were negative for CD3, CD4SRA, and NK1.1.Splenocytes prepared in the same way also had a similar range and intensity of expression of these immunophenotypic markers.Unlike the splenic DC, however, most of the GM-CSF-propagated putative liver DC harvested at 6-10 d expressed only a low level of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-Ek), and they failed to induce primary allogeneic responses in naive T cells, even when propagated additionally in GM-CSF and tumor necrosis factor ex and/or interferon '}'-supplemented medium.However, when 7-d cultured GM-CSF-stirnulated liver cells were maintained additionally for three or more days on type-1 collagen-coated plates in the continued presence of GM-CSF, they exhibited characteristics of mature DC: MHC class II expression was markedly upregulated, mixed leukocyte reaction stimulatory activity was increased, and phagocytic function was decreased.Similar observations were made when Ia + cells were depleted from the GM-CSF-propagated cells before exposure to collagen.Further evidence that the GM-CSF-stimulated class IIdim or class II-depleted hepatic NPC were immature DC was obtained by injecting them into allogeneic B10 (H-2 b I-E -) recipients.They "homed" to T cell-dependent areas oflymph nodes and spleen where they strongly expressed donor MHC class II antigen 1-5 d later.These observations provide insight into the regulation of DC maturation, and are congruent with the possibility that the migration of immature DC from normal liver and perhaps other organ allografts may help explain their inherent tolerogenicity.
Voice activated smart home design and implementation (2017)

For over more than a decade, smart systems have played an important part in human daily life. With the use of modern technologies, smart sensors, processors and phones, the present smart home systems enhance distributed entertainment, household control, home energy monitoring, home security and surveillance. The services provided include voice controlled alarms, personalized calendars with weather forecast, and news report reminders. This paper presents an overall design for low-cost, micro-processor based smart home system designed for hall residents of Nanyang Technological University (as the main beneficiary). It aims to improve their academic performance by providing a better quality of living. The system can also be operated as a computer and supports integration with various sensors through its General-purpose Input / Output pins (GPIO). Users can customize their needs through this system. The presented system integrates household appliance control, entertainment system, hall facilities monitoring and home security. It is controlled via Telegram on smart phones and Alexa Voice Service (AVS) and Amazon Developer Console supported by Amazon.