gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a Tilted-Pulse-Front Pumped Plane-Parallel Slab Terahertz Source (2018)

A new type of tilted-pulse-front pumped terahertz (THz) source has been demonstrated, which is based on a lithium niobate plane-parallel slab with an echelon structure on its input surface. Single-cycle pulses of 1 microjoule energy and 0.30 THz central frequency have been generated with 0.05% efficiency from such a source. One order-of-magnitude increase in efficiency is expected by pumping a cryogenically cooled echelon of increased size and thickness with a Ti:sapphire laser. The use of a plane-parallel nonlinear optical crystal slab enables straightforward scaling to high THz pulse energies and to produce a symmetric THz beam with uniform pulse shape for good focusability and high field strength.
Optimal Margin Computation for At-Speed Test (2008)

In the face of increased process variations, at-speed manufacturing test is necessary to detect subtle delay defects. This procedure necessarily tests chips at a slightly higher speed than the target frequency required in the field. The additional performance required on the tester is called test margin. There are many good reasons for margin including voltage and temperature requirements, incomplete test coverage, aging effects, coupling effects and accounting for modeling inaccuracies. By taking advantage of statistical timing, this paper proposes an optimal method of test margin determination to maximize yield while staying within a prescribed shipped product quality loss (SPQL) limit. If process information is available from wafer testing of scribe line structures or on-chip process monitoring circuitry, this information can be leveraged to determine a per- chip test margin which can further improve yield.
(2-exo-3-endo)-2-Aryltropane-3-carboxylic esters, a new class of narcotic antagonists (1978)

Tropanes 4 bearing an exo aromatic group on carbon-2, an endo-carbomethoxy group on carbon-3, and either a methyl group or a hydrogen on the nitrogen were found to be narcotic antagonists which were devoid of demonstrable analgesic activity. The activity resided in the 1S enantiomer. Compound 4 (R = m-hydroxyphenyl) showed an AD50 of 0.37 mg/kg sc and 1.8 mg/kg po (rats) as an antagonist in the Harris-Pierson modification of the D'Amour-Smith test. The tropane esters for this study were prepared by a Grignard reaction which gave essentially complete 1,4-addition in the absence of copper salts. Nearly equal quantities of esters epimeric at carbon-3 were formed.
Small-Signal Impedance Measurement of Power-Electronics-Based AC Power Systems Using Line-to-Line Current Injection (2009)

Naval ships as well as aerospace power systems are incorporating a greater degree of power electronic switching sources and loads. Although these components provide exceptional performance, they are prone to instability due to their high efficiency and constant power characteristics that can exhibit negative impedance nature at certain frequencies. When designing these systems, integrators must consider the impedance versus frequency at an interface (which designates source and load). Stability criteria have been developed in terms of source and load impedances for both dc and ac systems, and it is often helpful to have techniques for impedance measurement. For dc systems, the measurement techniques have been well established. This paper introduces a new method of impedance measurement for three-phase ac systems. By injecting an unbalanced line-to-line current between two lines of the ac system, all impedance information in the traditional synchronous reference frame <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> model can be determined. For medium-voltage systems, the proposed technique is simpler and less costly than having an injection circuit for each phase. Since the current injection is between only two phase lines, the proposed measurement device can be used for both ac and dc interfaces. Simulation and laboratory measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of this new technique.
A 25-MHz Self-Referenced Solid-State Frequency Source Suitable for XO-Replacement (2009)

Recent trends in the development of integrated silicon frequency sources are discussed. Within that context, a 25-MHz self-referenced solid-state frequency source is presented and demonstrated where measured performance makes it suitable for replacement of crystal oscillators (XOs) in data interface applications. The frequency source is referenced to a frequency-trimmed and temperature-compensated 800-MHz free-running LC oscillator (LCO) that is implemented in a standard logic CMOS process and with no specialized analog process options. Mechanisms giving rise to frequency drift in integrated LCOs are discussed and supported by analytical expressions. Design objectives and a compensation technique are presented where several implementation challenges are uncovered. Fabricated in a 0.25-mum 1P5M CMOS process, and with no external components, the prototype frequency source dissipates 59.4 mW while maintaining plusmn152 ppm frequency inaccuracy over process, plusmn 10% variation in the power supply voltage, and from - 10degC to 80degC. Variation against other environmental factors is also presented. Nominal period jitter and power-on start-up latency are 2.75 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> and 268 mus, respectively. These performance metrics are compared with an XO at the same frequency.
Designer glycopeptides for cytotoxic T cell‐based elimination of carcinomas (2008)

Our laboratory has elucidated the immunochemical requirements for recognition of tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) by mouse and human CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. These results proved that TcRs accommodate small TACA as the Thomsen Freidenreich antigen (TF) and its monomer Tn, conventionally presented to T cells in the context of peptides linked to MHC molecules. TF‐ and Tn‐containing glycopeptides with high affinity for class I MHC molecules were capable of priming Th‐independent primary and memory TACA‐specific CTL responses in vivo in mice and normal human donors. These CTL could kill a variety of TACA‐expressing tumors in vitro. We are currently performing pre‐clinical studies with a variety of Tn‐containing glycopeptides derived from the MUC1 glycoprotein (MUC1 contains Tn and TF), aiming at the prevention/treatment of carcinomas. These glycopeptides contain the “PDTR” fragment of the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) domains of MUC1. “PDTR”‐containing glycopeptides bind with very high affinity A2 class I MHC molecules since have been designed to incorporate primary and secondary anchor residues for optimal binding.
Viscous Oil Recovery Using Solids-Stabilized Emulsions (2010)

Abstract An overview is given of the development and field testing of a non-thermal, viscous oil recovery technology that injects into a reservoir oil-external solids-stabilized emulsions (SSE) as a displacement fluid. The emulsion is generated on site using produced crude oil and water. Small amounts of added mineral fines are used to enhance the performance of naturally present surface-active components in the oil. Gas is dissolved into the oil to adjust the viscosity of the injected emulsion to be similar to that of the in situ oil. SSE fluid displaces viscous oil in a miscible-like manner with favorable mobility, which leads to to improved displacement and recovery. SSE is generally applicable to reservoirs with in situ oil viscosities of up to approximately 3000 cP and permeabilities on the order of one Darcy or more. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to confirm the effectiveness of solids-stabilized emulsions as displacing agents. Specialized coreflood were used to measure emulsion stability, confirm process understanding, and to determine displacement efficiencies. After lab testing and reservoir modeling, a field pilot of the SSE process was designed, constructed, and operated. The field piloting confirmed the ability to generate and sustain injection of a solids-stabilized emulsion in the field and to propagate stabilized emulsions in the reservoir.
Feedback-based online network coding (2009)

Current approaches to the practical implementation of network coding are batch-based, and often do not use feedback, except possibly to signal completion of a file download. In this paper, the various benefits of using feedback in a network coded system are studied. It is shown that network coding can be performed in a completely online manner, without the need for batches or generations, and that such online operation does not affect the throughput. Although these ideas are presented in a single-hop packet erasure broadcast setting, they naturally extend to more general lossy networks which employ network coding in the presence of feedback. The impact of feedback on queue size at the sender and decoding delay at the receivers is studied. Strategies for adaptive coding based on feedback are presented, with the goal of minimizing the queue size and delay. The asymptotic behavior of these metrics is characterized, in the limit of the traffic load approaching capacity. Different notions of decoding delay are considered, including an order-sensitive notion which assumes that packets are useful only when delivered in order. Our work may be viewed as a natural extension of Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) schemes to coded networks.
Multi‐cell Cooperation Communications (2017)

This chapter gives an overview of multi-cell cooperation solutions for improving the energy efficiency of cellular networks. First, it introduces traffic intensity aware multi-cell cooperation, which adapts the network layout of cellular networks according to user traffic demands in order to reduce the number of active base stations (BSs). While network layout adaptation can potentially reduce the energy consumption of cellular networks, it must meet two service requirements: the minimum coverage requirement, and the minimum quality of service (QoS) requirements for all mobile users. The chapter then discusses energy aware multi-cell cooperation, which offloads traffic from on-grid BSs to off-grid BSs powered by renewable energy, and therefore reduces on-grid power consumption. Finally, it explores energy efficient CoMP transmission, in which overall energy consumption is reduced by improving energy efficiency of BSs on serving cell edge users.
Modeling Li-ion Battery Capacity Depletion in a Particle Filtering Framework (2009)

This paper presents an empirical model to describe battery behavior during individual discharge cycles as well as over its cycle life. The basis for the form of the model has been linked to the internal processes of the battery and validated using experimental data. Subsequently, the model has been used in a Particle Filtering framework to make predictions of remaining useful life for individual discharge cycles as well as for cycle life. The prediction performance was found to be satisfactory as measured by performance metrics customized for prognostics. The work presented here provides initial steps towards a comprehensive health management solution for energy storage devices.
Ultrasensitive On-Site Detection of Biological Active Ricin in Complex Food Matrices Based on Immunomagnetic Enrichment and Fluorescence Switch-On Nanoprobe (2019)

Ricin is a highly toxic protein largely existing in castor beans, which could be used as a warfare agent due to its unique properties. As a deadenylase, inactivation of ricin means a loss of its toxic threat. Therefore, developing simple, accurate, and sensitive on-site detection of biologically active ricin in wide types of complex matrices is most valuable. Here, antifouling polymer brush modified magnetic beads were prepared first and post modified with ricin monoclonal antibody (the MB@P(C-H)-mAb<sub>ricin</sub>) to efficiently capture ricin from various foods and biological matrices. Active ricin obtained in this manner were sequentially determined by a new designed AuNP/QDs nanoassembly. In this double strand oligodeoxynucleotides (dsODN) linked core-satellite nanoprobe, the fluorescence of satellite QDs was extensively quenched by AuNPs due to the dipole-metal interaction. Active ricin can react with its specific depurination substrates which had been inserted in the dsODN linkers. This reaction would trigger the separation of QDs from Au cores by cutting multiple adenines, and then result in the restoration of QDs fluorescence. By coupling with the magnetic enrichment, this AuNP/QDs nanoprobe provided a qualitative result for active ricin in the range from 10.0 to 100.0 ng mL<sup>-1</sup> with the limit of detection as low as 7.46 ng mL<sup>-1</sup>. Compared with previously proposed methods, this on-site detection strategy offered an easy to handle on-site test for trace amounts of active ricin in a wide range of complex matrices.
2-Pyrrolidinylideneureas, a new class of central nervous system agents (1978)

A series of N-aryl-N'-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)ureas was prepared and screened for pharmacological activity. Congeners possessing either phenyl or phenyl substituted with 4-nitro, 3-bromo, 3-chloro, 3-fluoro, and 3-methyl groups were found to demonstrate anxiolytic activity. 2,6-Disubstitution of the phenyl ring with methyl, chloro, and bromo imparted potent muscle-relaxant properties which appear to be centrally mediated. A significant separation of the anxiolytic and muscle-relaxant properties from other CNS activities, e.g., anticonvulsant, sedative, and hypnotic, was achieved.
Bulk ice characterization using coupled cloud, multiparameter radar, and radiative transfer models (1991)

The study demonstrates the potential utility of employing scattering-based passive microwave channels (not less than 37 GHz) to estimate the amount of ice water path that exists above rain in precipitating clouds. This methodology can be used along with lower-frequency emission-based channels to infer the columnar melt water and ice water paths. Portions of the ice column that coexist with cloud water hide the usually steep brightness temperature cooling through this region and inhibit characterization of the total ice column.
A Second-Order Multibit Complex Bandpass   AD Modulator with I, Q Dynamic Matching and DWA Algorithm (2007)

We have designed, fabricated and measured a second-order multibit switched-capacitor complex bandpass ΔΣAD modulator to evaluate our new algorithms and architecture. We propose a new structure of a complex bandpass filter in the forward path with I, Q dynamic matching, that is equivalent to the conventional one but can be divided into two separate parts. As a result, the AS modulator, which employs our proposed complex filter can also be divided into two separate parts, and there are no signal lines crossing between the upper and lower paths formed by complex filters and feedback DACs. Therefore, the layout design of the modulator can be simplified. The two sets of signal paths and circuits in the modulator are changed between I and Q while CLK is changed between high and low by adding multiplexers. Symmetric circuits are used for I and Q paths at a certain period of time, and they are switched by multiplexers to those used for Q and I paths at another period of time. In this manner, the effect of mismatches between I and Q paths is reduced. Two nine-level quantizers and four DACs are used in the modulator for low-power implementations and higher signal-to-noise-and-distortion (SNDR), but the nonlinearities of DACs are not noise-shaped and the SNDR of the ΔΣAD modulator degrades. We have also employed a new complex bandpass data-weighted averaging (DWA) algorithm to suppress nonlinearity effects of multibit DACs in complex form to achieve high accuracy; it can be realized by just adding simple digital circuitry. To evaluate these algorithms and architecture, we have implemented a modulator using 0.18 μm CMOS technology for operation at 2.8 V power supply; it achieves a measured peak SNDR of 64.5 dB at 20MS/s with a signal bandwidth of 78 kHz while dissipating 28.4 mW and occupying a chip area of 1.82 mm 2 . These experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the above two algorithms, and the algorithms may be extended to other complex bandpass ΔΣAD modulators for application to low-IF receivers in wireless communication systems.
Monolithically integrated III-Sb diode lasers on Si using interfacial misfit arrays (2007)

We present a 1.54 μm, 77 K, pulsed GaSb quantum well (QW) laser diode grown monolithically on a Si(100)-5° substrate. The III-Sb device is grown on an AlSb nucleation layer on Si with the 13% mismatch accommodated by a self-assembled 2D array of pure 90° dislocations. We demonstrate the simultaneous formation of this interfacial misfit dislocation (IMF) array along with antiphase domain suppression in the growth of AlSb on 5° miscut Si (001) substrate. The lomer dislocation spacing in the IMF (~ 3.46 nm) corresponds to the 13% mismatch between AlSb and Si and is also well matched to the step length of the 5° miscut Si (001) substrate. The resulting bulk material has both very low defect density (~7 × 105/cm<sup>2</sup>) and very low APD density (~ 103/cm<sup>2</sup>) confirmed by transmission electron and atomic force microscope images. The GaSb QW based laser diodes are grown on this high quality AlSb layer and the resulting devices operate at 77 K under pulsed conditions (2 μsec pulse-width and a 0.1% duty cycle) with an emission wavelength of 1.54 μm and a threshold current density of 2 kA/cm<sup>2</sup> for a 100 μm x 2mm device. The maximum peak power from the device is ~ 20 mWatts.
Tunable coupled-quantum-well laser controlled by an electric field (1992)

We propose a novel field-effect semiconductor laser whose wavelength can be tuned by an electric field parallel to the growth direction of two tightly coupled quantum wells in the active region. We have demonstrated the concept by optically pumping a laser heterostructure whose active region consisted of two 50 Å GaAs wells separated by a 20 Å Ga0.77Al0.23As potential barrier, in which, at 5 K, we have achieved tuning of the stimulated emission by more than 7 nm.
Tracking of enzymatic biomass deconstruction by fungal secretomes highlights markers of lignocellulose recalcitrance (2019)

Fungal secretomes applied to highly recalcitrant biomass samples can further extend the release of the remaining glucose. The glucose yield can be correlated to chemical and physical markers, which appear to be independent from the biomass type and secretome. Overall, correlations between these markers reveal how nano-scale properties (polymer content and organization) influence macro-scale properties (particle size and water sorption). Further systematic assessment of these markers during enzymatic degradation will foster the development of novel cocktails to unlock the degradation of lignocellulose biomass.
Liver-specific deletion of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 reduces hepatic triglyceride accumulation without affecting glucose homeostasis (2006)

In animals, liver and white adipose are the main sites for the de novo fatty acid synthesis. Deletion of fatty acid synthase or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 in mice resulted in embryonic lethality, indicating that the de novo fatty acid synthesis is essential for embryonic development. To understand the importance of de novo fatty acid synthesis and the role of ACC1-produced malonyl-CoA in adult mouse tissues, we generated liver-specific ACC1 knockout (LACC1KO) mice. LACC1KO mice have no obvious health problem under normal feeding conditions. Total ACC activity and malonyl-CoA levels were approximately 70-75% lower in liver of LACC1KO mice compared with that of the WT mice. In addition, the livers of LACC1KO mice accumulated 40-70% less triglycerides. Unexpectedly, when fed fat-free diet for 10 days, there was significant up-regulation of PPARgamma and several enzymes in the lipogenic pathway in the liver of LACC1KO mice compared with the WT mice. Despite the significant up-regulation of the lipogenic enzymes, including a >2-fold increase in fatty acid synthase mRNA, protein, and activity, there was significant decrease in the de novo fatty acid synthesis and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. However, there were no significant changes in blood glucose and fasting ketone body levels. Hence, reducing cytosolic malonyl-CoA and, therefore, the de novo fatty acid synthesis in the liver, does not affect fatty acid oxidation and glucose homeostasis under lipogenic conditions.
Multi-Sensory Speech Processing: Incorporating Automatically Extracted Hidden Dynamic Information (2005)

We describe a novel technique for multi-sensory speech processing for enhancing noisy speech and for improved noise-robust speech recognition. Both air- and bone-conductive microphones are used to capture speech data where the bone sensor contains virtually noise-free hidden dynamic information of clean speech in the form of formant trajectories. The distortion in the bone-sensor signal such as teeth-clacking and noise leakage can be effectively removed by making use of the automatically extracted formant information from the bone-sensor signal. This paper reports an improved technique for synthesizing speech waveforms based on the LPC cepstra computed analytically from the formant trajectories. When this new signal stream is fused with the other available speech data streams, we achieved improved performance for noisy speech recognition.
Development of ashless multifunctional additives from cashew nutshell liquid (2003)

Abstract Aminodi(alkylphenyl) phosphorodithioates have been synthes‐ised by the condensation of di (alkylphenyl) phosphorodithioic acid, which was derived from a renewable, biodegradable, low‐cost, naturally occurring vegetable product, cashew nutshell liquid, with various amines. These ashless aminodi (alkyl‐phenyl) phosphorodithioates have been evaluated as anti‐oxidant, antiwear, friction‐modifying, and extreme‐pressure additives in lubricant compositions.
Survey of microsatellite DNA in pine (1997)

A large insert genomic library from eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) was probed for the microsatellite motifs (AC)n and (AG)n, all 10 trinucleotide motifs, and 22 of the 33 possible tetranucleotide motifs. For comparison with a species from a different subgenus, a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) genomic library was also probed with the same set of di- and tri-nucleotide repeats and 11 of the tetranucleotide repeats. The four most abundant microsatellite motifs in both species were (AC)n, (AG)n, (AAT)n, and (ATC)n, which as a group accounted for over half the microsatellite sites investigated. The two dinucleotide repeats were the most abundant microsatellite motifs tested in both species, each at 2-4.5 sites/megabase pair (Mbp), but the two trinucleotide motifs were nearly as abundant and are considered good candidates for pine microsatellite marker development efforts. Eastern white pine had more than twice as many (AC)n as (AG)n loci, in contrast with loblolly pine and most other plant species in which (AG)n is more abundant. In both pine species the minimum estimated genome density for all microsatellites, excluding (AT)n repeats, was 16 sites/Mbp.
Multilayer epitaxial graphene formed by pyrolysis of polycrystalline silicon-carbide grown on c-plane sapphire substrates (2011)

We use ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition to grow polycrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) on c-plane sapphire wafers, which are then annealed between 1250 and 1450 °C in vacuum to create epitaxial multilayer graphene (MLG). Despite the surface roughness and small domain size of the polycrystalline SiC, a conformal MLG film is formed. By planarizing the SiC prior to graphene growth, a reduction in the Raman defect band is observed in the final MLG. The graphene formed on polished SiC films also demonstrates significantly more ordered layer-by-layer growth and increased carrier mobility for the same carrier density as the nonpolished samples.