gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An architecture for lossy compression of waveforms using piecewise-linear approximation (1994)

Lossy compression schemes are often desirable in many signal processing applications such as the compression of ECG data. This paper presents a relaxation of a provably good algorithm for lossy signal compression, based on the piecewise linear approximation of functions. The algorithm approximates the data within a given tolerance using a piecewise linear function. The paper also describes an architecture suitable for the single-chip implementation of the proposed algorithm. The design consists of control, two multiply/divide units, four adder/subtracter units, and an I/O interface unit. For uniformly sampled data, no division is required, and all operations can be completed in a pipelined manner in at most three cycles per sample point. The corresponding simplified architecture is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Actin-Related Protein 2 (ARP2) and Virus-Induced Filopodia Facilitate Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Spread (2016)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped RNA virus that is the most important viral cause of acute pediatric lower respiratory tract illness worldwide, and lacks a vaccine or effective antiviral drug. The involvement of host factors in the RSV replicative cycle remains poorly characterized. A genome-wide siRNA screen in human lung epithelial A549 cells identified actin-related protein 2 (ARP2) as a host factor involved in RSV infection. ARP2 knockdown did not reduce RSV entry, and did not markedly reduce gene expression during the first 24 hr of infection, but decreased viral gene expression thereafter, an effect that appeared to be due to inhibition of viral spread to neighboring cells. Consistent with reduced spread, there was a 10-fold reduction in the release of infectious progeny virions in ARP2-depleted cells at 72 hr post-infection. In addition, we found that RSV infection induced filopodia formation and increased cell motility in A549 cells and that this phenotype was ARP2 dependent. Filopodia appeared to shuttle RSV to nearby uninfected cells, facilitating virus spread. Expression of the RSV F protein alone from a plasmid or heterologous viral vector in A549 cells induced filopodia, indicating a new role for the RSV F protein, driving filopodia induction and virus spread. Thus, this study identified roles for ARP2 and filopodia in RSV-induced cell motility, RSV production, and RSV cell-to-cell spread.
Dynamic Weighted Aggregation for evolutionary multi-objective optimization: why does it work and how? (2001)

Evolutionary Dynamic Weighted Aggregation (EDWA) has shown to be both effective and computationally efficient [1] for multiobjective optimization (MOO). Besides, it was also found empirically and surprisingly that EDWA was able to deal with multiobjective optimization problems with a concave Pareto front, which has proved to be beyond the capability of the Conventional Weighted Aggregation (CWA) methods [2]. In this paper, a theory on why CWA fails for multi-objective problems with a concave Pareto front is provided schematically. According to this theory, it can easily be explained why EDWA has worked well for both convex and concave multi-objective problems. Simulation examples are conducted on various test functions to support our theory. It is concluded that EDWA is an effective and efficient method for solving multi-objective optimization problems.
Using transient behavior of TCP in mitigation of distributed denial of service attacks (2003)

Our work focuses on the problem of proactively detecting and mitigating stealthy distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks that employ the TCP protocol. Such attacks are likely to consist of large numbers of short-duration flows using a large number of source IP addresses that are possibly spoofed. In our approach, each router maintains a partition (possibly dynamic) of active TCP flows into aggregates. Each aggregate is probed to estimate the proportion of attack traffic that it contains. Packets belonging to aggregates that contain significant amounts of attack traffic may be subject to aggressive drop policies to prevent denial of service at the intended victim(s). The probing technique exploits the presumption that attack sources do not conform to standard TCP congestion control. A router estimates the attack traffic for each aggregate by dropping a small number of packets from that aggregate and monitoring the transient response of the arrival rate of the aggregate. We derive a simple analytical formula for the expected response of an aggregate whose constituent flows all conform to TCP congestion control. By comparing the probed response to that predicted by the formula, a router can estimate the proportion of traffic in the aggregate that is nonconforming and hence presumed to belong to an attack. This approach may be implemented in a purely distributed manner at individual routers. Furthermore, since it does not depend on interactions between routers, incremental deployment is possible.
Nondestructive Technique To Assess Embrittlement In Steels (1990)

Recent research at NASA Langley Research Center led to identification of nondestructive technique for detection of temper embrittlement in HY80 steel. Measures magnetoacoustic emission associated with reversible motion of domain walls at low magnetic fields. Of interest to engineers responsible for reliability and safety of various dynamically loaded and/or thermally cycled steel parts. Applications include testing of landing gears, naval vessels, and parts subjected to heat, such as those found in steam-pipe fittings, boilers, turbine rotors, and nuclear pressure vessels.
Eudistomins A-Q, .beta.-carbolines from the antiviral Caribbean tunicate Eudistoma olivaceum (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEudistomins A-Q, .beta.-carbolines from the antiviral Caribbean tunicate Eudistoma olivaceumKenneth L. Rinehart Jr., Junichi Kobayashi, Gary C. Harbour, Jeremy Gilmore, Mark Mascal, Tom G. Holt, Lois S. Shield, and Francoise LafargueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 11, 3378–3387Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00245a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00245a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1689Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High power CO2 laser welding of hot steel specimens (2001)

The welding characteristics of hot steel specimens have been examined using high power CO2 lasers. The average power is up to 40kW and the temperature of steel specimens is about 1000°C. Using laser induced plasma as a secondary heat source, the penetration depth improves about by 30% compared to that at room temperature. The bead width is also enlarged by 10%. The maximum depth is 38mm at 1 m/min welding velocity and the fusion efficiency does not degrade with the welding speed over 2.5 m/min.
Solar adaptive optics at the National Solar Observatory (1998)

The National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak is developing adaptive optics (AO) for solar astronomy. We are currently implementing a low order adaptive optics system that will correct approximately 20 Zernike modes. The system design permits future expansion future expansion to about 80 Zernike modes. We are using a correlating Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Since a point source is generally not available on the sun, wavefront tilts have to be derived by applying correlation techniques to images of extended objects, such as granulation, probes and sunspots.
Quantum nondemolition measurements in the nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator (1987)

We consider a scheme for quantum nondemoliton (QND) measurements involving a cavity containing a Faraday rotator and a nonlinear crystal for (frequency degenerate) parametric downconversion into orthogonal polarizations. For the case of nondepletion of the pump field we analyze the coupled equations for the quadrature amplitudes of the fields using both semiclassical and quantum mechanical approaches. We show that when the magnitudes of the coupling coefficients κ of the crystal and σ of the Faraday rotator are appropriately chosen, the Hamiltonian of the system is of an ideal QND form for the intracavity field in the absence of dissipation. With the inclusion of cavity damping in the form of a single mirror of finite transmissivity, we demonstrate that information in the quadrature amplitude X 1 of one polarization of the incident field can be measured (in a QND sense) by monitoring the quadrature amplitude Y 2 of the orthogonal polarization.
Unified 2-D X-Alignment for Improving the Observability of Response Compactors (2011)

Despite the advantages of performing response compaction in integrated-circuit testing, unknown response bits (x's) inevitably reflect into loss in test quality. The distribution of these x's within the captured response, which varies for each test pattern, directly impacts the number of scan cells observed through the response compactor. In this paper, we propose a unified 2-D x-alignment technique in order to judiciously manipulate the distribution of x's in the test response prior to its compaction. The controlled response manipulation is performed on a per pattern basis, in the form of scan chain delay and intra-slice rotate operations, and with the objective that x's are aligned within as few scan slices and chains as possible. Consequently, a larger number of scan cells are observed after compaction for any test pattern. In an effort to tackle the unified 2-D x-alignment problem and to achieve maximum overall observability, we first decipher the interaction between 1-D x-alignment operations, and formulate 1-D and 2-D x-alignment operations all as maximum satisfiability (MAX-SAT) problems; a weighted MAX-SAT formulation is necessitated in the 2-D case to identify the best possible 2-D x-alignment, which may differ from back to back application of the individual best possible 1-D alignments in two dimensions. The proposed technique is test set independent, leading to a generic, simple, and cost-effective hardware implementation. While we show in this paper that x-alignment improves horizontal and vertical compactors, covering a wide spectrum of compactors, it is expected to improve other types of compactors as well by manipulating the x-distribution properly.
How to Safely Augment Reality (2016)

Augmented reality (AR) technologies, such as those in head-mounted displays like Microsoft HoloLens or in automotive windshields, are poised to change how people interact with their devices and the physical world. Though researchers have begun considering the security, privacy, and safety issues raised by these technologies, to date such efforts have focused on input, i.e., how to limit the amount of private information to which AR applications receive access. In this work, we focus on the challenge of output management: how can an AR operating system allow multiple concurrently running applications to safely augment the user's view of the world? That is, how can the OS prevent apps from (for example) interfering with content displayed by other apps or the user's perception of critical real-world context, while still allowing them sufficient flexibility to implement rich, immersive AR scenarios? We explore the design space for the management of visual AR output, propose a design that balances OS control with application flexibility, and lay out the research directions raised and enabled by this proposal.
Allosteric Enhancers of A1 Adenosine Receptors: State of the Art and New Horizons for Drug Development (2010)

Adenosine is an important autocoid, exerting its physiological effects on the human body by activation of four different G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs) classified as A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3). These receptors are coupled to secondary messenger systems including adenylate cyclase, inositol phosphate metabolism, and K(+), K(ATP) and Ca(2+) channels. Pharmacological agents that increase the activation of A(1) adenosine receptors in response to adenosine would be useful for treatment of cardiovascular, central nervous system, and inflammatory pathologies. Compounds that are able to enhance the activity of the A(1)-adenosine receptors by the endogenous ligand within specific tissues may have potential therapeutic advantages over non-endogenous agonists. Such an opportunity for intervention is provided by the concept of allosteric modulation of GPCRs. Therefore the use of allosteric enhancers to increase the responsiveness of the A(1) receptors to endogenous adenosine at sites of its production is an appealing alternative to activation by exogenous agonists. This approach minimizes side effects because allosteric enhancers amplify the action of the agonist by stabilizing the agonist-A(1)-receptor-G protein ternary complex. The allosteric enhancement of the GABA(A) receptor by benzodiazepines is the most famous and successful example of this strategy. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the results obtained in this field and discuss the opportunities and challenges that this class of ligands might offer for medicinal chemistry and pharmacology.
Pulse-injection studies of blood progenitor cells in a quadrupole magnet flow sorter (2002)

A continuous flow, magnetic separation method has been proposed to isolate large numbers of cells for clinical and biotechnological applications. The separation system, based on the quadrupole magnet flow sorter, has been tested on magnetically labeled, human blood progenitor cells using monoclonal antibody against the cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) molecule and a magnetic colloid. A small volume of the cell suspension was injected into the sorter at variable volumetric flow rates, and the resulting cell elution profiles were analyzed for cell recovery in the magnetically enriched and depleted cell fractions. Independently, the cell motion in the magnetic field has been analyzed using a novel technique of cell tracking velocimetry, which allowed the determination of cell magnetophoretic mobility. A mathematical model of the cell motion inside the quadrupole flow sorter was used to calculate the recovery of the sorted fractions based on the cell magnetophoretic mobility distribution. A comparison of experimental and theoretical data allowed the verification of assumptions underlying the magnetic cell separation process, and provided guidelines for engineering design of the magnetic flow sorter.
Progress of STT-MRAM technology and the effect on normally-off computing systems (2012)

In this paper, the progress of P-MTJs is reviewed and prospects for the normally-off memory hierarchy based on new results are discussed.
Action detection using multiple spatial-temporal interest point features (2010)

This paper considers the problem of detecting actions from cluttered videos. Compared with the classical action recognition problem, this paper aims to estimate not only the scene category of a given video sequence, but also the spatial-temporal locations of the action instances. In recent years, many feature extraction schemes have been designed to describe various aspects of actions. However, due to the difficulty of action detection, e.g., the cluttered background and potential occlusions, a single type of features cannot solve the action detection problems perfectly in cluttered videos. In this paper, we attack the detection problem by combining multiple Spatial-Temporal Interest Point (STIP) features, which detect salient patches in the video domain, and describe these patches by feature of local regions. The difficulty of combining multiple STIP features for action detection is two folds: First, the number of salient patches detected by different STIP methods varies across different salient patches. How to combine such features is not considered by existing fusion methods. Second, the detection in the videos should be efficient, which excludes many slow machine learning algorithms. To handle these two difficulties, we propose a new approach which combines Gaussian Mixture Model with Branch-and-Bound search to efficiently locate the action of interest. We build a new challenging dataset for our action detection task, and our algorithm obtains impressive results. On classical KTH dataset, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM): Enabling Low-Altitude Airspace and UAS Operations (2014)

Many civilian applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have been imagined ranging from remote to congested urban areas, including goods delivery, infrastructure surveillance, agricultural support, and medical services delivery. Further, these UAS will have different equipage and capabilities based on considerations such as affordability, and mission needs applications. Such heterogeneous UAS mix, along with operations such as general aviation, helicopters, gliders must be safely accommodated at lower altitudes. However, key infrastructure to enable and safely manage widespread use of low-altitude airspace and UAS operations therein does not exist. Therefore, NASA is exploring functional design, concept and technology development, and a prototype UAS Traffic Management (UTM) system. UTM will support safe and efficient UAS operations for the delivery of goods and services
Metal-assisted chemical etching in HF/H2O2 produces porous silicon (2000)

A simple and effective method is presented for producing light-emitting porous silicon (PSi). A thin (d&lt;10 nm) layer of Au, Pt, or Au/Pd is deposited on the (100) Si surface prior to immersion in a solution of HF and H2O2. Depending on the type of metal deposited and Si doping type and doping level, PSi with different morphologies and light-emitting properties is produced. PSi production occurs on the time scale of seconds, without electrical current, in the dark, on both p- and n-type Si. Thin metal coatings facilitate the etching in HF and H2O2, and of the metals investigated, Pt yields the fastest etch rates and produces PSi with the most intense luminescence. A reaction scheme involving local coupling of redox reactions with the metal is proposed to explain the metal-assisted etching process. The observation that some metal remains on the PSi surface after etching raises the possibility of fabricating in situ PSi contacts.
Plasmid Involvement in Acyclic Isoprenoid Metabolism by <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (1983)

An organism identified as Pseudomonas putida was found to utilize citronellol or geraniol as the sole carbon and energy source. The ability to degrade these acyclic isoprenols was associated with pSRQ50, a 50-megadalton transmissible plasmid.
Novel thermoplastic elastomers. I. Synthesis and characterization of star-block copolymers of PSt-b-PIB arms emanating from cyclosiloxane cores (1998)

The synthesis and characterization of novel thermoplastic elastomers consisting of multiple polystyrene-b-polyisobutylene (PSt-b-PIB) arms emanating from cyclosiloxane cores is described. The synthesis involved the sequential living cationic block copolymerization of styrene (St) and isobutylene (IB), followed by quantitative allylic end-functionalization of the living PSt-b-PIB+ to produce PSt-b-PIBCH2 CHCH2 prearms, and finally linking by hydrosilation of these prearms with SiH-containing cyclosiloxanes (e.g., 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexamethylcyclohexasiloxane, D). Two types of star-blocks, namely primary and higher-order star-blocks, were prepared: Primary star-blocks containing 3–9 PSt-b-PIB arms were obtained by using various cyclosiloxanes (D to D) and a close to exact stoichiometry between the SiH and allyl groups, [SiH]/[CC] ∼ 1, in the essential absence of moisture ([H2O] ∼ 100 ppm). Higher-order star-blocks consisting of 13–24 PSt-b-PIB arms radiating from complex coupled cyclosiloxanes were prepared by the use of SiH/allyl ratios significantly larger than unity ([SiH]/[CC] = 2–3) in the presence of controlled amounts of moisture ([H2O] ∼ 600 ppm). Reaction conditions (temperature, concentration, stoichiometry, solvent nature, catalyst concentration, etc.) for efficient syntheses have been developed. The products were characterized by 200 and 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy and triple-detector (RI, UV, LLS) GPC. The microstructure of the condensed cores in the higher-order star-blocks was studied by 2D-NMR (HMQC) spectroscopy, and the number of cyclosiloxane rings in the cores (i.e., the content (wt %) of cores in the star-blocks) was determined. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2997–3012, 1998
Expanding Upon Styrene Biosynthesis to Engineer a Novel Route to 2‐Phenylethanol (2017)

2-Phenylethanol (2PE) is a key molecule used in the fragrance and food industries, as well as a potential biofuel. In contrast to its extraction from plant biomass and/or more common chemical synthesis, microbial 2PE production has been demonstrated via both native and heterologous expression of the yeast Ehrlich pathway. Here, a novel alternative to this established pathway is systematically engineered in Escherichia coli and evaluated as a more robust and efficient route. This novel pathway is constructed via the modular extension of a previously engineered styrene biosynthesis pathway, proceeding from endogenous l-phenylalanine in five steps and involving four heterologous enzymes. This "styrene-derived" pathway boasts nearly a 10-fold greater thermodynamic driving force than the Ehrlich pathway, and enables reduced accumulation of acetate byproduct. When directly compared using a host strain engineered for l-phenylalanine over-production, preservation of phosphoenolpyruvate, and reduced formation of byproduct 2-phenylacetic acid, final 2PE titers via the styrene-derived and Ehrlich pathways reached 1817 and 1164 mg L<sup>-1</sup> , respectively, at yields of 60.6 and 38.8 mg g<sup>-1</sup> . Following optimization of induction timing and initial glucose loading, 2PE titers by the styrene-derived pathway approached 2 g L<sup>-1</sup> - nearly a two-fold twofold increase over prior reports for 2PE production by E. coli employing the Ehrlich pathway.