gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Human MFG-E8 Attenuates Intestinal Injury and Mortality in Severe Whole Body Irradiation in Rats (2012)

The gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome component of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) results from depletion of immature parenchymal stem cells after high dose irradiation and contributes significantly to early mortality. It is associated with severe, irreparable damage in the GI tract and extremely low survival. There is a need for the development of viable mitigators of whole body irradiation (WBI) due to the possibility of unexpected high level radiation exposure from nuclear accidents or attacks. We therefore examined the effect of recombinant human milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (rhMFG-E8) in mitigating damage after WBI. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 10 Gy WBI using Cesium-137 as the radiation source. The animals in the treatment group received rhMFG-E8 (166 µg/kg BW) subcutaneously once a day with the first dose given 6 h after WBI. Blood and tissue samples from the ileum were collected after 3 days of treatment. A separate cohort of animals was treated for 7 days and the 21 day mortality rate was determined. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 significantly improved the survival from 31% to 75% over 21 days. Furthermore, rhMFG-E8 treatment resulted in a 36% reduction in the radiation injury intestinal mucosal damage score, corresponding to visible histological changes. MFG-E8 gene expression was significantly decreased in WBI-induced animals as compared to sham controls. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 increased p53 and p21 expression by 207% and 84% compared to untreated controls. This was accompanied by an 80% increase in the expression of anti-apoptotic cell regulator Bcl-2. p53 and p21 levels correlate with improved survival after radiation injury. These cell regulators arrest the cell after DNA damage and enable DNA repair as well as optimize cell survival. Taken together, these results indicate that rhMFG-E8 ameliorates the GI syndrome and improves survival after WBI by minimizing intestinal cell damage and optimizing recovery.
Software development for an open architecture test system (2004)

An open architecture test system is one that allows the seamless integration of externally developed capabilities. These capabilities include both software-only solutions as well as third party hardware modules, and the software required to support them. This paper will address the topic of developing software against an open architecture test system. This will encompass both the software-only and hardware support facets of the development effort. The notion of interface-based programming as a means to achieve this goal will be presented. A set of required pieces will be defined for both of these development activities. The OPENSTAR? system will be used as a vehicle to motivate the discussion with a concrete example.
Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown by distilled water (2003)

Abstract Rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs) were prepared from polymeric 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), polyether polyol, 1,4‐butanediol, silicone surfactant, and distilled water. The properties of the synthesized PUF samples were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and a Universal testing machine. The density of the PUF was decreased from 173.7 to 41.7 kg/m 3 with an increase in distilled water from 0.5 to 3.0 parts per hundred polyol by weight (php), respectively, with 0 php butanediol. The cell size of the PUF sample increased from 115 to 258 μm with an increase in distilled water from 0.5 to 3.0 php, respectively, with 10 php butanediol. From the results of the thermal analysis of the PUF sample, it was found that the glass‐transition temperatures of the PUF samples were increased from 49.5 to 80.8°C with an increase in distilled water from 0.5 to 3.0 php, respectively, with 0 php butanediol. The results of the investigation of the mechanical properties of the PUF samples showed that the mechanical strength of the PUF samples was increased with the distilled water at equal density. The surfactant effect on the properties of the PUF was studied, and it was observed that the cell size of the PUF samples decreased from 360 to 146 μm with an increase in surfactant from 0 to 0.33 php, respectively. However, the cell size did not change significantly when the surfactant exceeded 0.33 php. The increase of the mechanical strength from 0 to 0.33 php surfactant was attributed to the decrease of the cell size of the PUF samples, and the decrease of the mechanical strength with more than 0.33 php surfactant might be due to the plasticized effect of the PUF samples. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 12–21, 2003
Measurement of fecal corticosterone metabolites as a predictor of the habituation of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to jacketing. (2015)

Jacket use in NHP is a common practice and is often considered a form of refinement during experiments necessitating extended periods of catheterization. An important consideration when using jackets is the physiologic effects that jacketing has on NHP and its potential to confound research. Several studies have evaluated the stress response and habituation of NHP to various forms of restraint, but none have looked directly at the timeframe necessary for the habituation of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to jackets. We set out to determine whether 3 d was a sufficient timeframe for this species to become habituated to a jacket, with or without an undershirt, by evaluating 2 major physiologic parameters. After jacket placement, we measured food consumption and collected fecal samples to measure fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM) daily for 2 wk. FCM measurements for NHP without undershirts were significantly increased for days 2 and 3 after jacketing before returning to baseline levels. FCM measurements for NHP with undershirts were significantly increased for only 1 d after jacketing, suggesting that the undershirt has a positive effect on jacket habituation. There were no measurable differences in food consumption during the jacket habituation period. Furthermore, no significant differences were noted between sexes. These findings suggest that FCM levels return to baseline 3 d after jacketing and could be a useful predictor of jacket habituation in rhesus macaques.
Human-Robot Shared Control for Robot-Assisted Endoscopy of the Spinal Cord (2006)

The biomedical application this paper refers to is the neuroendoscopy of the sub-arachnoid spinal space. Such a kind of endoscopy is strongly challenging due to the tiny space to be explored and to the delicate anatomical structures which lie into it. In order to have more precision and control in catheter maneuvering, and a more efficient monitoring of medical parameters, a robotic system has been conceived. In this paper, proper strategies of human-robot shared control are introduced so as to enhance the degree of safety of the endoscopic exploration. The proposed methods are strongly based on a deep exploitation of sensorial feedbacks. In particular, the focus of the paper is on vision and pressure sensory feedbacks. The surgeon interacts with the robotic system by means of human-machine interfaces. The automatic control mainly operates at two levels; a low-level and a high-level control, implemented by an Electronic Unit and by a Workstation, respectively. Experimental results prove the reliability and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and their suitability to be employed in real time operation
Water Quality Classification for Inland Lakes and Ponds with Few Color Image Samples Based on Triple-GAN and CSNN (2022)

Water color is an important representation reflecting the characteristics of its quality in inland lakes or ponds; however, sufficient water color image samples are often difficult to obtain due to the limitation of fishery production. For few color image samples, the existing data enhancement methods based on the depth generation model have the problems of low quality of generated data, difficulty of network training, and so on; moreover, for image classification, traditional methods based on convolutional neural network (CNN) cannot effectively extract the potential manifold structure features in the image and the full connection layer in CNN cannot simulate biological neurons well, resulting in high time cost and low efficiency. In this paper, a water quality classification method has been proposed to solve the above problems, the improved semisupervised triple-generation adversarial network (triple-GAN) algorithm is used to enhance the few water color image samples, and the feature data can then be extracted from enhanced data by manifold learning method t-distributed stochastic neighborhood embedding (t-SNE). Moreover, convolutional spiking neural network (CSNN), in which spiking neural network (SNN) has replaced the original full connection layer of CNN, is used for final water quality classification. The main contribution of this paper is to build a new algorithm framework, introduce triple-GAN and CSNN into the field of classification of few water color image samples for the first time, and make an exploration of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and water quality analysis problems. By comparing with traditional methods, the proposed method is proved to have the advantages of less time-consuming, low operation cost, and high classification accuracy.
Autolysis of bovine enteropeptidase heavy chain: evidence of fragment 118–465 involvement in trypsinogen activation (1999)

Variations in bovine enteropeptidase (EP) activity were shown to result from autolysis caused by the loss of calcium ions; the cleavage sites were determined. The native enzyme preferred its natural substrate, trypsinogen (KM=2.4 microM), to the peptide and fusion protein substrates (KM=200 and 125 microM, respectively). On the other hand, the truncated enzyme composed of the C-terminal fragment 466-800 of EP heavy chain and intact light chain did not distinguish these substrates. The results suggest that the N-terminal fragment 118-465 of the enteropeptidase heavy chain contains a secondary substrate-binding site that interacts directly with trypsinogen.
Nonparametric Statistics : A Step-by-Step Approach (2014)

"…a very useful resource for courses in nonparametric statistics in which the emphasis is on applications rather than on theory. It also deserves a place in libraries of all institutions where introductory statistics courses are taught." -CHOICE This Second Edition presents a practical and understandable approach that enhances and expands the statistical toolset for readers. This book includes: New coverage of the sign test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test in an effort to offer a logical and natural progression to statistical powerSPSS® (Version 21) software and updated screen ca
Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Moringa Leaf Extract (2021)

This paper investigates the technique of biosynthesis of nanoparticles of zinc oxide from the extraction of moringa leaves. Many researchers recognize the use of this method of green culinary technique because it is cost-effective and has no negative impact on the environment; however, this paper focuses on the bacteria chosen for the green synthesis, which was not addressed by many of the researchers. The firmness and reduction of Zn ions in nanoparticles of zinc oxide were analyzed with a UV-visible spectroscope. Its results show that a wide bandgap was observed in the visible region at a wavelength of 350 nanometers. Extraction of moringa leaves serves as a promising agent for the balance of particle size. The result of medical value shows significant antibacterial activity in contrast to the type of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. From the XRD results, there are no further peaks that correspond to impurities that are discovered, demonstrating the great purity of the provided results.
Intelligent engineering systems through artificial neural networks : proceedings of the Artificial Neural Networks in Engineering (ANNIE '91) conference, held November 10-13, 1991, in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. (1991)

Proceedings of the Artificial Neural Networks in Engineering Conference (ANNIE '94), November 13-16, 1994, in St. Louis, Missouri. Heightened interest in engineering applications of neural networks in recent years has led to intense research in the field. Volume 4 of this highly successful book series boasts the contributions of researchers from 20 countries. They examine the theory and applications of artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and evolutionary programming. The volume provides refereed versions of the latest developments in design and manufacturing engineering, including comprehensive coverage of: Artificial neural network architectures, Fuzzy neural networks, Evolutionary programming, Pattern recognition, Smart engineering systems for biology and medicine, Neuro-control, Neuro-manufacturing, and Neuro Engineering systems.
Characterization of mouse CCX-CKR, a receptor for the lymphocyte-attracting chemokines TECK/mCCL25, SLC/mCCL21 and MIP-3β/mCCL19: comparison to human CCX-CKR (2002)

We report here the identification and characterization of murine CCX-CKR, a high affinity receptor for the murine beta-chemokines SLC/mCCL21, MIP-3beta/mCCL19 and TECK/mCCL25. Unlike most other chemokine receptors, CCX-CKR is unable to mediate Ca(2+) fluxes upon ligand binding when expressed in HEK293 cells. Murine CCX-CKR is expressed predominantly in the heart and lung, but is detectable in most organs using RT-PCR. Interestingly, in brain and testis, an alternative mRNA form of CCX-CKR exists with a unique 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) that overlaps with a novel acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACD) gene. Analysis of human CCX-CKR shows that the expression profiles and alternative 5'UTR are conserved. However, in man, there are two copies of the CCX-CKR gene, one on chromosome 3 nestled within the ACD homologue, and one on chromosome 6. These genes encode proteins with only one amino acid difference, and their expression is independently regulated. This study identifies murine CCX-CKR, reveals complex regulation of CCX-CKR gene expression in mouse and man, and is suggestive of non-leukocytic targets for MIP-3beta/CCL19, SLC/CCL21 and TECK/CCL25.
Detection of Quantum Confined States in Au Nanoclusters by Alkali Ion Scattering (2004)

Charge state-resolved time-of-flight spectra were collected for 2.0 keV 23Na+ scattered from Au nanoclusters deposited on TiO2(110). The neutral fraction of Na scattered from metallic Au is low ( approximately 3%), but it is surprisingly high (up to 50%) for small clusters. The results demonstrate that alkali ions couple to electronic states specific to the nanoclusters, and that the energy of the states is a function of the nanocluster size. This technique provides a new method for the spectroscopy of nanomaterials.
Designing Low-Complexity Detectors Based on Seysen's Algorithm (2010)

Lattice reduction (LR) has been applied to linear equalizers and decision feedback equalizers to improve their performance. Recently, Seysen's algorithm (SA) has been proposed as an alternative LR method to the well-documented LLL algorithm. In this paper, we first provide a tree-search implementation method of SA which enables flexible performance-complexity trade-offs. Based on this tree structure, SA-aided hard-output and soft-output detectors are proposed to enhance performance. The diversity and complexity of the proposed methods are also studied. Thorough comparisons of SA and other LR algorithms are provided. Our analysis of complexity and numerical simulations provide insights that are useful to system designers.
CD161 Defines a Transcriptional and Functional Phenotype across Distinct Human T Cell Lineages (2014)

The C-type lectin CD161 is expressed by a large proportion of human T lymphocytes of all lineages, including a population known as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. To understand whether different T cell subsets expressing CD161 have similar properties, we examined these populations in parallel using mass cytometry and mRNA microarray approaches. The analysis identified a conserved CD161++/MAIT cell transcriptional signature enriched in CD161+CD8+ T cells, which can be extended to CD161+ CD4+ and CD161+TCRγδ+ T cells. Furthermore, this led to the identification of a shared innate-like, TCR-independent response to interleukin (IL)-12 plus IL-18 by different CD161-expressing T cell populations. This response was independent of regulation by CD161, which acted as a costimulatory molecule in the context of T cell receptor stimulation. Expression of CD161 hence identifies a transcriptional and functional phenotype, shared across human T lymphocytes and independent of both T cell receptor (TCR) expression and cell lineage.
Mannanolytic Enzyme Activity of Paenibacillus woosongensis (2010)

The activities of mannanase, β-mannosidase, and α-galactosidase were detected in culture filtrate of Paenibacillus woosongensis showing mannanolytic activity for locust bean gum. Optimal conditions occurred at pH 5.5 and 60° C for mannanase toward locust bean gum, pH 6.5 and 50°C for β -mannosidase toward para-nitrophenyl-β-D-mannopyranoside, and pH 6.0-6.5 and 50°C for α -galactosidase toward para-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside in the culture filtrate, respectively. The mannanolytic enzyme of culture filtrate hydrolyzed mannobiose as well as manno-oligosaccharides including mannotriose, mannotetraose, mannopentaose and mannohexaose. It could also hydrolyze α-1,6 linked galacto-oligosaccharides such as melibiose, raffinose and stachyose to liberate galactose residue. From these results, it is assumed that P. woosongensis produces three enzymes required for the complete decomposition of galactomannan.
Modulation schemes for multi-gigabit optical transmission systems (2003)

Compares four intensity modulation schemes in terms of their spectrum broadening and transmission characteristics. The schemes examined are direct modulation, Mach-Zehnder interferometer type modulation, electroabsorption type modulation, and a direct phase-shift and self-homodyne intensity modulation (DPSH-IM) method proposed here. The dispersion-limited transmission distance of these schemes has been estimated by computer simulation. It is shown that direct modulation of currently available distributed feedback lasers suffers large waveform distortions due to chirping and chromatic dispersion in the fibre. It is concluded that unless chirping characteristics of lasers are greatly improved, low-chirp modulation schemes such as the Mach-Zehnder interferometer type modulation, electroabsorption type modulation, and the DPSH-IM will be adopted for multigigabit long-distance optical transmission systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selenium yeast. (1986)

Baker's yeast is able to assimilate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur sources together with a great number of minerals and trace elements into a palatable, nutritious product. The metabolism of yeast is precisely controlled during the production growth phase and thus it is possible to determine the composition of the product by controlling the raw materials. Because of existing deficiencies in the availability of certain trace elements, mainly selenium, in Finnish diets, we started testing the possibilities for enriching yeast with this essential trace element about five years ago. We have succeeded in developing a special yeast product with a selenium concentration of 500 mg/kg dry matter. Selenium was expected, because of its structural similarity to sulphur, to replace sulphur in the biosynthetic reactions of the yeast cell. We have recently studied the incorporation and distribution of selenium in yeast with radioactive selenium (75Se). Analysis of the protein fraction of selenium yeast has shown that selenium is present in all the major soluble proteins. Selenomethionine was identified as the major selenium-containing compound in the protein fraction as well as in the whole cell.
Yield and Nitrogen Requirement of No‐Tillage Corn as Influenced by Cultural Practices (1994)

Abstract Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in corn ( Zea mays L.) production could be improved if farmers adjusted N fertilizer rates for different yield potentials caused by variations in cultural practices. Five studies were conducted in Ohio, three on Hoytville silty clay (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Ochraqualf) and two on Riddles silt loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf), to assess the effects of planting date, plant population, N rate, and timing of N application on yield of two corn hybrids grown using no‐tillage methods. Increasing plant population increased grain yield in only one of five site‐year comparisons, but did not increase the amount of N required to produce maximum yield. Crop yield potential varied depending on site‐year, with maximum grain yield indicated by response functions ranging from 5.5 to 11.3 Mg ha −1 for early‐planted corn, and 3.0 to 10.1 Mg ha −1 for late‐planted corn. Nitrogen rates needed to achieve maximum yield varied from 0 to 205 kg N ha −1 for early‐planted corn and from 0 to 175 kg N ha −1 for late‐planted corn, depending on site‐year. In most site‐years, late‐planted corn required less N to achieve maximum yield than early‐planted corn. The reduction in N requirement averaged 60 kg N ha −1 , and was directly related to the magnitude of the yield reduction associated with delayed planting. Split applications of N generally produced yields equivalent to application of all N at planting. Split application can offer many farmers a way to use lower N rates to compensate for delayed planting.
Overview of Pre-Congestion Notification Encoding (2012)

The objective of Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) is to protect the quality of service (QoS) of inelastic flows within a Diffserv domain. On every link in the PCN-domain, the overall rate of PCN-traffic is metered, and PCN-packets are appropriately marked when certain configured rates are exceeded. Egress nodes provide decision points with information about the PCN-marks of PCN-packets that allows them to take decisions about whether to admit or block a new flow request, and to terminate some already admitted flows during serious \%pre-congestion. The PCN working group explored a number of approaches for encoding this pre-congestion information into the IP header. This document provides details of those approaches along with an explanation of the constraints that apply to any solution. This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
Bayesian L>inf<1>/inf<-Norm Sparse Learning (2006)

We propose a Bayesian framework for learning the optimal regularization parameter in the L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -norm penalized least-mean-square (LMS) problem, also known as LASSO [1] or basis pursuit [2]. The setting of the regularization parameter is critical for deriving a correct solution. In most existing methods, the scalar regularization parameter is often determined in a heuristic manner; in contrast, our approach infers the optimal regularization setting under a Bayesian framework. Furthermore, Bayesian inference enables an independent regularization scheme where each coefficient (or weight) is associated with an independent regularization parameter. Simulations illustrate the improvement using our method in discovering sparse structure from noisy data.