gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ASSISTON-MOBILE: A series elastic holonomic mobile platform for upper extremity rehabilitation (2013)

We present the design and control of series elastic holonomic mobile platform, ASSISTON-MOBILE, aimed to administer therapeutic table-top exercises to patients who have suffered injuries that affect the function of their upper extremities. The proposed mobile platform is a low-cost, portable, easy-to-use rehabilitation device for home use. ASSISTON-MOBILE consists of four actuated Mecanum wheels and a compliant, low-cost, multi degree-of-freedom Series Elastic Element as its force sensing unit. Thanks to its series elastic actuation, ASSISTON-MOBILE is highly back-driveable and can provide assistance/resistance to patients, while performing omni-directional movements on plane. Feasibility tests and preliminary usability studies with the robot are presented. The device holds promise in improving accuracy and effectiveness of repetitive movement therapies completed at home, while also providing quantitative measures of patient progress.
Starch-acrylamide graft copolymers for use in enhanced oil recovery. Paper SPE 8422 (1979)

Starch-acrylamide, graft copolymers are effective but shear-sensitive viscosifiers which, when synthesized with 18 or less grafts per starch molecule, duplicate the rheology of acrylamide homopolymer of 1 to 3 times higher molecular weight. Solutions of copolymer must be prepared at shear rates below 100 sec/sup -1/ and loss up to 40% of their viscosity when filtered through 0.45 ..mu.. pores. Copolymers with 18 or less grafts per starch molecule have higher intrinsic viscosities, higher solution viscosities, and higher solution screen factors than equal molecular weight homopolymers and all three properties of the copolymer increase with increasing molecular weight or decreasing number of grafts. The viscosity of copolymer solutions drops by less than 3% when sodium chloride concentration varies from 0 to 10,000 ppM or calcium ion concentration varies from 0 to 1000 ppM. Solutions of copolymer may lose up to 60% of original viscosity from 100 shearings at a rate of 4300 sec/sup -1/. Sensitivity to shear increases with increasing molecular weight and, at constant molecular weight, increases with decreasing number of grafts. Loss of solution viscosity under successive shearings can be expressed with a modified Williams-Watts equation. 25 references, 17 figures, 1 table.
Novel Selective Inhibition of Lactobacillus iners by <i>Lactobacillus</i> -Derived Bacteriocins (2020)

<i>Lactobacillus iners</i> is often associated with vaginal dysbiosis and bacterial vaginosis (BV), which are risk factors for adverse gynecological and obstetric outcomes. To discover natural inhibitors of <i>L. iners</i>, cell-free culture supernatants (CFSs) from 77 vaginal human <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains and 1 human intestinal strain were screened for inhibitory activity. Three active strains were identified, and <i>Lactobacillus paragasseri</i> K7 (K7), a human intestinal strain, produced the most potent <i>L. iners</i>-inhibitory activity. The active material was purified from the K7 CFS and yielded three active peptides, identified as components of two different class IIb, two-peptide bacteriocins, gassericin K7A (GasK7A) and gassericin K7B (GasK7B). The peptides corresponded to the GasK7A α peptide and the GasK7B α and β peptides. While all three peptides exhibited individual activity against <i>L. iners</i>, GasK7B α was the most potent, with an MIC of 23 ng/ml (4 nM). When combined in equal amounts, the GasK7B α and β peptides showed synergistic inhibition, with an MIC of 2 ng/ml (each peptide at 0.4 nM). Among the four major vaginal <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, the K7 bacteriocins selectively inhibited <i>L. iners</i> All 21 strains of <i>L. iners</i> tested (100%) were inhibited by the K7 bacteriocins, whereas <20% of the vaginal <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i>, <i>L. jensenii</i>, and <i>L. gasseri</i> strains were inhibited. The combination of the BV treatment metronidazole and K7 bacteriocins completely killed both <i>L. iners</i> and <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> in a coculture experiment to mimic BV conditions. In contrast, this treatment did not inhibit <i>L. crispatus</i> cultures.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Lactobacillus iners</i> is a prevalent species of the vaginal microbiome, but unlike other major vaginal <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, it is not considered protective against BV and can coexist with BV-associated bacteria. <i>L. iners</i> is generally the first <i>Lactobacillus</i> species to emerge following the treatment of BV with metronidazole, and mounting evidence suggests that it may contribute to the onset and maintenance of vaginal dysbiosis. The discovery of highly potent bacteriocins that selectively kill <i>L. iners</i> while sparing protective vaginal lactobacilli may provide novel pharmacological tools to better understand the roles of this enigmatic bacterium in vaginal ecology and potentially lead to new and improved therapies for dysbiosis-related conditions such as BV.
A biomagnetic system for<i>in vivo</i>cancer imaging (2005)

An array of highly sensitive biomagnetic sensors of the superconducting quantum interference detector (SQUID) type can identify disease in vivo by detecting and imaging microscopic amounts of nanoparticles. We describe in detail procedures and parameters necessary for implementation of in vivo detection through the use of antibody-labelled magnetic nanoparticles as well as methods of determining magnetic nanoparticle properties. We discuss the weak field magnetic sensor SQUID system, the method of generating the magnetic polarization pulse to align the magnetic moments of the nanoparticles, and the measurement techniques to measure their magnetic remanence fields following this pulsed field. We compare these results to theoretical calculations and predict optimal properties of nanoparticles for in vivo detection.
Effect of the different hydrophobic groups of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on the properties in cement mortars (2015)

Four novel polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) with different hydrophobic groups incorporating acrylic acid (AA) and polyether (PEO) macromonomers (C4‐M‐1, C5‐M‐2, C6‐M‐3, and C11‐M‐4) as repeating unit were synthesized by the free radical polymerization. Characterization of the molecular structures of the PCEs by Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), and Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed. After meticulous studying on the impact of the different hydrophobic groups of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on dispersion, adsorption, and flow retaining behaviors of cement mortar, it was found that the longer length of hydrophobic chains of PCEs should be more effective in dispersion maintaining abilities of cement mortars in spite of their weaker initial water‐reducing abilities. The difference of the performance in adsorption and zeta potential was attributed to configuration variation of PCEs when the polymers were adsorbed on the cement particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1783–1791, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Expression of functional Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbrillin polypeptide domains on the surface of Streptococcus gordonii (1996)

Genetically engineering bacteria to express surface proteins which can antagonize the colonization of other microorganisms is a promising strategy for altering bacterial environments. The fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. A structural subunit of the P. gingivalis fimbriae, fimbrillin, has been shown to be an important virulence factor, which likely promotes adherence of the bacterium to saliva-coated oral surfaces and induces host responses. Immunization of gnotobiotic rats with synthetic peptides based on the predicted amino acid sequence of fimbrillin has also been shown to elicit a specific immune response and protection against P. gingivalis-associated periodontal destruction. In this study we engineered the human oral commensal organism Streptococcus gordonii to surface express subdomains of the fimbrillin polypeptide fused to the anchor region of streptococcal M6 protein. The resulting recombinant S. gordonii strains expressing P. gingivalis fimbrillin bound saliva-coated hydroxyapatite in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited binding of P. gingivalis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. Moreover, the recombinant S. gordonii strains were capable of eliciting a P. gingivalis fimbrillin-specific immune response in rabbits. These results show that functional and immunologically reactive P. gingivalis fimbrillin polypeptides can be expressed on the surface of S. gordonii. The recombinant fimbrillin-expressing S. gordonii strains may provide an effective vaccine or a vehicle for replacement therapy against P. gingivalis. These experiments demonstrated the feasibility of expressing biologically active agents (antigens or adhesin molecules) by genetically engineered streptococci. Such genetically engineered organisms can be utilized to modulate the microenvironment of the oral cavity.
Ultraviolet irradiation of platelet concentrate abrogates lymphocyte activation without affecting platelet function in vitro (1985)

We studied the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on platelet concentrates. Samples irradiated at 310 mm for 30 minutes at a dose of 1782 J per m2 showed no loss of platelet function in vitro as determined by adenosine diphosphate, collagen, or ristocetin-induced aggregation. Lymphocytes isolated from irradiated units were unable to act as responders or stimulators in a mixed-lymphocyte reaction. These data suggest that UV radiation of platelet concentrates may result in a cell suspension that is unable to evoke an immunological response.
A Low-Power Spike Detection and Alignment Algorithm (2005)

Front-end integrated circuits for signal processing are useful in neuronal recording systems that engage a large number of electrodes. Detecting, alignment, and sorting the spike data at the front-end reduces the data bandwidth and enables wireless communication. Without such data reduction, large data volumes need to be transferred to a host computer and typically heavy cables are required which constrain the patient or test animal. Front-end processing circuits can dissipate only a limited amount of power, due to supply constraints and heat restrictions. Reduced complexity spike detection and alignment algorithm and architecture, based on integral transform, are introduced. They achieve 99% of the precision of a PCA detector, while requiring only 0.05% of the computational complexity
Layered surface acoustic wave chemical and bio-sensors (2006)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors are currently being investigated in a wide range in fields including physical, chemical and bio-sensing. The basic principle in a SAW sensor is the detection of changes in the propagation characteristics of the surface acoustic waves which are caused by perturbations on the active surface of the device. The most common situation is measuring the change in propagation velocity of the surface wave as a change in resonant frequency. This chapter is a review of layered SAW devices for sensing applications. A conventional SAW device consists of a piezoelectric substrate with the inter-digital transducer (IDT) patterned on the surface. The layered devices are fabricated by depositing a thin film onto the conventional SAW substrate.
Kinetic Investigation of the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Acrylate (1999)

The kinetics of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl acrylate (MA) is discussed. MA polymerizations were carried out under homogeneous conditions using CuBr/4,4‘-di(5-nonyl)-2,2‘-bipyridine (dNbpy) as the catalyst. Plots of ln([M]o/[M]) vs time and molecular weight evolution vs conversion showed a linear dependence, indicating a constant number of propagating species throughout the polymerization as well as a negligible contribution of termination or transfer reactions. The dependence of the rate of polymerization on the concentrations of initiator, catalyst, Cu(II), and temperature are presented. The equilibrium constant between active and dormant species, Keq = 1.2 × 10-9 at 90 °C is much smaller than in the ATRP of styrene or methyl methacrylate. On the basis of an Arrhenius plot, the apparent enthalpy of activation for homogeneous ATRP of MA ΔH‡app = 27.5 kcal/mol corresponds to an enthalpy of equilibrium ΔH0eq = 23 kcal/mol, which is much higher than in the ATRP of styrene or methyl methacrylate. Because halides can potentially create a bridged structure between two copper centers, a Cu(I) species with a complex counteranion that cannot bridge was used, Cu(CH3CN)4+PF6- (CuPF6). The resulting apparent rate constant of polymerization under homogeneous conditions was approximately 40 times that of the corresponding CuBr/dNbpy catalyzed reaction. The apparent enthalpy of activation for the CuPF6/dNbpy system was ΔH‡app = 10.3 kcal/mol, in contrast to the larger value found for the CuBr/dNbpy system. Possible reasons behind these unexpected results are discussed.
Inferring invisible traffic (2010)

A traffic matrix encompassing the entire Internet would be very valuable. Unfortunately, from any given vantage point in the network, most traffic is invisible. In this paper we describe results that hold some promise for this problem. First, we show a new characterization result: traffic matrices (TMs) typically show very low effective rank. This result refers to TMs that are purely spatial (have no temporal component), over a wide range of spatial granularities. Next, we define an inference problem whose solution allows one to infer invisible TM elements. This problem relies crucially on an atomicity property we define. Finally, we show example solutions of this inference problem via two different methods: regularized regression and matrix completion. The example consists of an AS inferring the amount of invisible traffic passing between other pairs of ASes. Using this example we illustrate the accuracy of the methods as a function of spatial granularity.
Fabrication of high-quality p-MOSFET in Ge grown heteroepitaxially on Si (2005)

We have successfully demonstrated high-performance p-MOSFETs in germanium grown directly on Si using a novel heteroepitaxial growth technique, which uses multisteps of hydrogen annealing and growth to confine misfit dislocations near the Ge-Si interface, thus not threading to the surface as expected in this 4.2% lattice-mismatched system. We used a low thermal budget process with silicon dioxide on germanium oxynitride (GeO/sub x/N/sub y/) gate dielectric and Si/sub 0.75/Ge/sub 0.25/ gate electrode. Characterization of the device using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy at different stages of the fabrication illustrates device-quality interfaces that yielded hole effective mobility as high as 250 cm/sup 2//Vs.
Coherent Smith-Purcell radiation as a diagnostic for sub-picosecond electron bunch length (1996)

We suggest a novel technique of measuring sub-picosecond electron bunch length base on coherent Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) emitted when electrons pass close to the surface of a metal grating. With electron bunch lengths comparable to the grating period, we predict that coherent SPR will be emitted at large angles with respect to direction of beam propagation. As the bunch length shortens, the coherent SPR will be enhanced over the incoherent component that is normally observed at small angles. Furthermore, the angular distribution of the coherent SPR will be shifted toward smaller angles as the bunch length becomes much smaller than the grating period. By measuring the angular distribution of the coherent SPR, one can determine the bunch length of sub-picosecond electron pulses. This new technique is easy to implement and appears capable of measuring femtosecond electron bunch lengths.
Improved trip planning by learning from travelers' choices (2015)

We analyze the work of urban trip planners and the relevance of trips they recommend upon user queries. We propose to improve the planner rec-ommendations by learning from choices made by travelers who use the transportation network on the daily basis. We analyze individual travel-ers ’ trips and convert them into pair-wise prefer-ences for traveling from a given origin to a des-tination at a given time point. To address the sparse and noisy character of raw trip data, we model passenger preferences with a number of smoothed time-dependent latent variables, which are used to learn a ranking function for trips. This function can be used to re-rank the top planner’s recommendations. Results of tests for cities of
Contrast-Enhanced Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation (SHAPE) using Ultrasound Imaging with a Focus on Identifying Portal Hypertension (2020)

Noninvasive, accurate measurement of pressures within the human body has long been an important but elusive clinical goal. Contrast agents for ultrasound imaging are gas-filled, encapsulated microbubbles (diameter < 10 μm) that traverse the entire vasculature and enhance signals by up to 30 dB. These microbubbles also produce nonlinear oscillations at frequencies ranging from the subharmonic (half of the transmit frequency) to higher harmonics. The subharmonic amplitude has an inverse linear relationship with the ambient hydrostatic pressure. Here an ultrasound system capable of performing real-time, subharmonic aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) is presented. During ultrasound contrast agent infusion, an algorithm for optimizing acoustic outputs is activated. Following this calibration, subharmonic microbubble signals (i.e., SHAPE) have the highest sensitivity to pressure changes and can be used to noninvasively quantify pressure. The utility of the SHAPE procedure for identifying portal hypertension in the liver is the emphasis here, but the technique has applicability across many clinical scenarios.
Refined One-Step TDR Method for Water Content and Density (2006)

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is now being used to determine both water content and dry density of soil. A Two-Step Method (ASTM D6780-02) was complemented with a One-Step Method (ASTM D6780-05). The latter makes use of measured apparent dielectric constant and electrical conductivity and six calibration constants obtained from laboratory compaction tests. This relatively new procedure continues to be refined as research and experience provide more insight and data. This paper presents field calibration procedures to refine the calibration constants using independent field measurements. The procedures are illustrated with recent field testing data.
Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor Agonist <sup>177</sup>Lu-PP-F11N for Radionuclide Therapy of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Results of the Lumed Phase 0a Study (2019)

Treatment of patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is still a challenge. For more than 2 decades, it has been known that the cholecystokinin 2 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of MTC with radiolabeled minigastrin analogs. Unfortunately, kidney toxicity has precluded their therapeutic application so far. In 6 consecutive patients, we evaluated with advanced 3-dimensional dosimetry whether improved minigastrin analog <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTA-(d-Glu)<sub>6</sub>-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-PheNH<sub>2</sub> (<sup>177</sup>Lu-PP-F11N) is a suitable agent for the treatment of MTC. <b>Methods:</b> Patients received 2 injections of about 1 GBq (∼80 μg) of <sup>177</sup>Lu-PP-F11N with and without a solution of succinylated gelatin (SG, a plasma expander used for nephroprotection) in a random crossover sequence to evaluate biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and tumor and organ dosimetry. An electrocardiogram was obtained and blood count and blood chemistry were measured up to 12 wk after the administration of <sup>177</sup>Lu-PP-F11N to assess safety. <b>Results:</b> In all patients, <sup>177</sup>Lu-PP-F11N accumulation was visible in tumor tissue, stomach, and kidneys. Altogether, 13 tumors were eligible for dosimetry. The median absorbed doses for tumors, stomach, kidneys, and bone marrow were 0.88 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.85-1.04), 0.42 (IQR: 0.25-1.01), 0.11 (IQR: 0.07-0.13), and 0.028 (IQR: 0.026-0.034) Gy/GBq, respectively. These doses resulted in median tumor-to-kidney dose ratios of 11.6 (IQR: 8.11-14.4) without SG and 13.0 (IQR: 10.2-18.6) with SG; these values were not significantly different (<i>P</i> = 1.0). The median tumor-to-stomach dose ratio was 3.34 (IQR: 1.14-4.70). Adverse reactions (mainly hypotension, flushing, and hypokalemia) were self-limiting and not higher than grade 1. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>177</sup>Lu-PP-F11N accumulates specifically in MTC at a dose that is sufficient for a therapeutic approach. With a low kidney and bone marrow radiation dose, <sup>177</sup>Lu-PP-F11N shows a promising biodistribution. The dose-limiting organ is most likely the stomach. Further clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose and the efficacy of <sup>177</sup>Lu-PP-F11N.
Cultured normal mammalian tissue and process (1993)

Normal mammalian tissue and the culturing process has been developed for the three groups of organ, structural and blood tissue. The cells are grown in vitro under microgravity culture conditions and form three dimensional cell aggregates with normal cell function. The microgravity culture conditions may be microgravity or simulated microgravity created in a horizontal rotating wall culture vessel.
Synthesis of high performance PM motors with concentrated windings (2002)

The windings concentrated around the teeth offer obvious advantages for the electrical machines with radial air-gap, because the volume of copper used in the end-windings can be reduced. The Joule losses are decreased, and the efficiency is improved. These machines are still limited to applications of sub-fractional power and they generally present a reduced number of phases. In the three-phase machines, the concentrated winding is too often restricted to a winding with a short pitch of 120 electrical degrees, i.e., to a winding with performances reduced compared to the traditional structures. But there is a significant number of three-phase structures which can support a concentrated winding if the number of poles is increased. In this article, the authors present a synthesis of the structures of three-phase machines with concentrated windings. (1) In the first part, the structures with a regular distribution of the slots are presented. A systematic method is proposed to determine the windings and the performances are discussed. (2) In the second part, the authors present original structures of three-phase machines with concentrated windings which use an irregular distribution of the slots. A specific method to identify these structures is described, and a comparative analysis of the performances of the original and traditional structures is performed by using a field calculation software.