gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of heat driven compressors for heat pump and refrigeration applications (2008)

There is considerable interest in the potential of heat driven refrigeration or heat pump systems to reduce the CO2 emissions associated with heating or cooling and adsorption systems offer one way of achieving these aims. A prototype of a compact adsorption generator using the activated carbon -ammonia pair and based on a plate heat exchanger concept has been designed and built. The novel generator has low thermal mass and good heat transfer. The heat exchanger uses Nickel brazed shims and spacers to create adsorbent layers (4 mm to 12 mm thick) between pairs of liquid flow channels of very low thermal mass. The prototype sorption generator manufactured (Figure 1) was evaluated in term of heat transfer capability and the results were highly satisfactory: the overall generator UA value is about 380 W/K while driven by water as thermal fluid; the cycling period is under 60s. The activated carbon - ammonia pair must be selected for the specific application and operating conditions. The current prototype could be partially dismantled but the final version will be fully welded without the need for bolted flanges. The combination of two or more identical generators operating out of phase, possibly with mass and heat recovery, constitute a Heat Driven Compressor (HD compressor). 

Such HD compressors are used in three demonstration projects that are ongoing at Warwick University:
- Car air conditioning system driven with waste heat from the engine coolant water (at 90oC): The current lab demonstration has produced an average cooling power 1.6 kW (with about 2 kW peaks) and a COP of about 0.23 under the EU typical normal conditions (33oC and 20oC for condensing and evaporating temperatures respectively).
- Gas fired heat pump: This demonstration unit is designed for domestic hot water production and space heating. The machine could deliver hot water at a flow rate of 10 litre/min with a temperature rise of 30oC and a nominal heating power of 7 kW (conditions suitable for the majority of homes in UK). The system’s target COP of 1.4 represents substantial fuel savings and emissions reductions over a conventional boiler.
- Solar driven mobile container for food conservation: This demonstration solar cooling unit is design to produced 2 kW cooling with 10 m2 solar collector operating in a desert environment (40oC and -10oC for condensing and evaporating temperatures respectively). Preliminary testing will be carried out at Warwick but field tests will follow in desert site.
Physical-Layer Authentication (2008)

Authentication is the process where claims of identity are verified. Most mechanisms of authentication (e.g., digital signatures and certificates) exist above the physical layer, though some (e.g., spread-spectrum communications) exist at the physical layer often with an additional cost in bandwidth. This paper introduces a general analysis and design framework for authentication at the physical layer where the authentication information is transmitted concurrently with the data. By superimposing a carefully designed secret modulation on the waveforms, authentication is added to the signal without requiring additional bandwidth, as do spread-spectrum methods. The authentication is designed to be stealthy to the uninformed user, robust to interference, and secure for identity verification. The tradeoffs between these three goals are identified and analyzed in block fading channels. The use of the authentication for channel estimation is also considered, and an improved bit-error rate is demonstrated for time-varying channels. Finally, simulation results are given that demonstrate the potential application of this authentication technique.
The Genetic Basis of Aortic Aneurysm (2014)

Gene identification in human aortic aneurysm conditions is proceeding at a rapid pace and the integration of pathogenesis-based management strategies in clinical practice is an emerging reality. Human genetic alterations causing aneurysm involve diverse gene products including constituents of the extracellular matrix, cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and elements of the contractile cytoskeleton. Animal modeling experiments and human genetic discoveries have extensively implicated the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokine-signaling cascade in aneurysm progression, but mechanistic links between many gene products remain obscure. This chapter will integrate human genetic alterations associated with aortic aneurysm with current basic research findings in an attempt to form a reconciling if not unifying model for hereditary aortic aneurysm.
Abstract 472: Cardiac Fibroblasts Regulate Myocardial Proliferation and Ventricular Formation through β1 Integrin Signaling (2008)

Ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential to support increasing hemodynamic demands during late cardiogenesis. The increase in thickness of the ventricle is achieved by greater proliferation in the compact myocardium than in the trabecular myocardium. Disruption of this process leads to a disease known as ventricular non-compaction. Although epicardial-derived signals may contribute to the proliferative process, the factors and cell types responsible for development of the compact layer are unclear. In particular, the function of embryonic cardiac fibroblasts, derivatives from epicardium, and their secreted factors are largely unknown. By analyzing cell markers, we found that cardiac fibroblasts appeared in the compact myocardium at embryonic day 12.5 and increased in number coincident with growth of the compact myocardium. Using a novel co-culture system, we found that embryonic cardiac fibroblasts were much more effective in inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation than adult cardiac fibroblasts. A genome-wide screen and siRNA knockdown experiments revealed that fibronectin and collagen were embryonic cardiac fibroblast-specific signals that promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation through β1 integrin signaling in primary culture. In vivo, cardiomyocyte expression of β1 integrin was upregulated as cardiac fibroblasts appeared in the heart and secreted extracellular matrix proteins. In agreement with a critical role for β1 integrin, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of β1 integrin in mice resulted in reduced myocardial proliferation and ventricular compaction, with downregulation of cyclinD1 and cyclinE1 and upregulation of cyclinG2 and p21, leading to prenatal death. These findings demonstrate that cardiac fibroblasts regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and ventricular compaction through extracellular matrix/β1 integrin signaling.
Radial-Position-Controlled Doping in CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals (2006)

In this paper, we report a new doping approach using a three-step synthesis to make high-quality Mn-doped CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals. This approach allows precise control of the Mn radial position and doping level in the core/shell nanocrystals. On the basis of this synthetic advance, we have demonstrated the first example in which optical properties of Mn-doped nanocrystals strongly depend on Mn radial positions inside the nanocrystals. In addition, we have synthesized nanocrystals with a room-temperature Mn-emission quantum yield of 56%, which is nearly twice as high as that of the best Mn-doped nanocrystals reported previously. Nanocrystals with such a high-emission quantum yield are very important to applications such as nanocrystal-based biomedical diagnosis.
The hydrophobic pocket of cyclophilin is the binding site for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag polyprotein (1997)

Completion of an early step in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) life cycle requires incorporation into virions of the cellular peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CyPA) by the Gag polyprotein. Elucidation of the biochemical role of CyPA would be aided by a detailed analysis of the genetic requirements for the formation of the Gag-CyPA complex; previous experiments have demonstrated the requirement for a critical proline and the immediately preceding glycine, located within the capsid domain of Gag, but nothing is known about the necessary CyPA residues. Cyclophilins possess a hydrophobic pocket where proline-containing peptide substrates and the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A bind. In this study, we engineered five CyPA mutations, each of which alters a residue that contributes to the hydrophobic pocket. Compared with the wild-type protein, all of the mutants drastically reduced CyPA binding to HIV-1 Gag and similarly inhibited CyPA incorporation into virions. In addition, we demonstrated that previously reported differences between the Gag-binding properties of CyPA and CyPB are due to adventitious association involving residues in the signal sequence of CyPB and that the core domain of CyPB interacts with Gag in a fashion which is indistinguishable from that of CyPA. These studies indicate that, as with other proline-containing peptides or cyclosporine A, HIV-1 Gag directly contacts residues in the hydrophobic pocket of CyPA.
An MPEG-4 facial animation system driven by synthetic speech (2002)

The paper provides an overview of the activities that have led to the development of a prototype application of a "talking head" compliant with MPEG-4 specification. The work done so far fits into the context of one of the recent work-items defined by the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11, known world-wide as MPEG. This ISO Working Group is now in the process of defining a unifying framework where natural and synthetic audiovisual objects can be combined and rendered as a unique combination of synchronised interactive media. The developed facial animation system implements the following features: animation of predefined/downloaded face models and animation of face models driven either by speech synthesis applications or by MPEG-4 animation parameters. To improve photo-realism, face models can be texture mapped and calibrated according to the countenances of real people.
Diffusion MRI microstructure models with in vivo human brain Connectome data: results from a multi‐group comparison (2017)

A large number of mathematical models have been proposed to describe the measured signal in diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, model comparison to date focuses only on specific subclasses, e.g. compartment models or signal models, and little or no information is available in the literature on how performance varies among the different types of models. To address this deficiency, we organized the 'White Matter Modeling Challenge' during the International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2015 conference. This competition aimed to compare a range of different kinds of models in their ability to explain a large range of measurable in vivo DW human brain data. Specifically, we assessed the ability of models to predict the DW signal accurately for new diffusion gradients and b values. We did not evaluate the accuracy of estimated model parameters, as a ground truth is hard to obtain. We used the Connectome scanner at the Massachusetts General Hospital, using gradient strengths of up to 300 mT/m and a broad set of diffusion times. We focused on assessing the DW signal prediction in two regions: the genu in the corpus callosum, where the fibres are relatively straight and parallel, and the fornix, where the configuration of fibres is more complex. The challenge participants had access to three-quarters of the dataset and their models were ranked on their ability to predict the remaining unseen quarter of the data. The challenge provided a unique opportunity for a quantitative comparison of diverse methods from multiple groups worldwide. The comparison of the challenge entries reveals interesting trends that could potentially influence the next generation of diffusion-based quantitative MRI techniques. The first is that signal models do not necessarily outperform tissue models; in fact, of those tested, tissue models rank highest on average. The second is that assuming a non-Gaussian (rather than purely Gaussian) noise model provides little improvement in prediction of unseen data, although it is possible that this may still have a beneficial effect on estimated parameter values. The third is that preprocessing the training data, here by omitting signal outliers, and using signal-predicting strategies, such as bootstrapping or cross-validation, could benefit the model fitting. The analysis in this study provides a benchmark for other models and the data remain available to build up a more complete comparison in the future.
High-Efficiency Compound Metaoptics for Independent Amplitude and Phase Control (2021)

We demonstrate multi-metasurface devices with high efficiency that provide independent amplitude and phase control across an optical wavefront. Experimental results of metaoptics implementing a three-dimensional point source hologram are reported.
Fabrication of Luminescent Quantum Dot Thiol-yne Nanocomposites via UV Photopolymerization (2018)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in CONCERTO - a study of 0.6 and 1.2 mg/day oral laquinimod for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (P7.216) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: CONCERTO is an ongoing, double-blind, Phase III study evaluating laquinimod efficacy, safety, and tolerability at daily doses of 0.6 mg and 1.2 mg compared with placebo in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The trial is powered to test the effect of both laquinimod doses against placebo on 3-month confirmed disability progression. BACKGROUND: Oral laquinimod 0.6 mg once daily was studied in two Phase III trials for RRMS. The primary endpoint of reduction of confirmed relapses was met in ALLEGRO but not BRAVO. However, both studies suggested that the more pronounced effect of laquinimod is on disability progression. A Phase II trial dose-response suggested an increase in laquinimod dose may be associated with greater efficacy. METHODS: Approximately 2100 RRMS patients will be randomized into three treatment arms: laquinimod 0.6 mg or 1.2 mg or placebo. Main inclusion criteria are: 18-55 years of age, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of 0-5.5 and 蠅1 relapse in the 12 months before study. Study duration will range from a minimum of 15 to a maximum of 24 months. Secondary endpoints include percent brain volume change and time to first confirmed relapse. RESULTS: In the first 18 months of recruitment, 1710 patients from 29 countries were randomized. Women make up 68[percnt] of participants. Mean±SD age is 36.6±9.1 years, time since first RRMS symptom is 5.6±3.9 years, and baseline EDSS is 2.6±1.3. Mean numbers of relapses in the previous 1 and 2 years are 1.3 and 1.9, respectively. Thirty-nine percent of participants have baseline T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions, and mean T2 lesion volume is 8616 mm3. Twenty-six percent of participants were previously treated with a disease-modifying therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of this study population are similar to those included in previous laquinimod trials, except patients are slightly younger and have shorter disease duration.
Coherent Beam Combining of One- and Two-Dimensional Laser Arrays (1987)

Individual semiconductor lasers are limited in absolute brightness by several physical constraints. Recently, one- and two-dimensional laser arrays have been developed to overcome this limit. In order to achieve the goal of a brighter source however, it is necessary both to establish coherence between the lasers in the array and to provide a method of converting all the laser beams into a single beam.
A novel method for fabrication of electrospun cadmium sulfide nanoparticles- decorated zinc oxide nanofibers as effective photocatalyst for water photosplitting (2022)

This research investigates using CdS nanoparticles (NPs)-decorated ZnO nanofibers (NFs) as a novel photocatalytic for water splitting. For electrospinning, a colloidal solution, was used to prepare NFs, using a solution of zinc acetate dehydrate, cadmium acetate dehydrates, poly (ε-caprolactone), and ammonium sulfide. The prepared NFs were calcinated under a low-temperature condition of 200 °C, a short time of 30 min, and an argon/hydrogen (Ar/H2) atmosphere. The use of the standard techniques led to the formation of crystalline CdS NPs-decorated ZnO NFs. Compared to native ZnO NFs and CdS NPs produced using similar conditions, the photocatalytic performance of the produced NFs was favorable regarding hydrogen production. For the composite NFs, native ZnO NFs, and CdS NPs, hydrogen evolution equaled approximately 820 µmolh-1 g-1, 115 µmolh-1 g-1, and 180 µmolh-1 g-1, respectively. The excellent photostability of the NFs may be related to the nanofibrous morphological sability to facilitate the transport of photocarriers and enhance the number of active sites on the surface of photocatalytic materials. The reported approach raises the potential for novel strategies to synthesize other NFs with innovative processes and the electrospinning technique.
Calibration and simulation of a coded aperture neutron imaging system (2009)

Coded aperture neutron imaging detectors have the potential to be a powerful tool for the detection of special nuclear material at long range or under heavy shielding, using the signature of fast neutrons from spontaneous fission. We are building a prototype system using liquid scintillator cells, measuring 20" × 2.5" × 2.5" each, in a reconfigurable arrangement. A cross-calibration of the observed detector data with the output of Monte Carlo simulation can both improve the sensitivity of the detector to fast neutron sources and increase the simulation accuracy, allowing the study of next-generation detector designs. Here we describe the tools and procedures developed to calibrate and simulate the detector response, including energy scale and resolution, interaction position, and gamma-neutron separation using pulse shape discrimination. Detector data and simulation are in good agreement for a test configuration.
Phenylalanine Mutation to Cyclohexylalanine Facilitates Triangular Trimer Formation by β-Hairpins Derived from Aβ (2020)

Oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide, Aβ, play a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Trimers and higher-order oligomers composed of trimers are thought to be the most neurotoxic Aβ oligomers. To gain insights into the structure and assembly of Aβ oligomers, our laboratory has previously designed and synthesized macrocyclic peptides derived from Aβ<sub>17-23</sub> and Aβ<sub>30-36</sub> that fold to form β-hairpins and assemble to form trimers. In this study, we found that mutating Phe<sub>20</sub> to cyclohexylalanine (Cha) in macrocyclic Aβ-derived peptides promotes crystallization of an Aβ-derived peptide containing the Aβ<sub>24-29</sub> loop (peptide <b>3</b><sub><b>F20Cha</b></sub>) and permits elucidation of its structure and assembly by X-ray crystallography. X-ray crystallography shows that peptide <b>3</b><sub><b>F20Cha</b></sub> forms a hexamer. X-ray crystallography and SDS-PAGE further show that trimer <b>4</b><sub><b>F20Cha</b></sub>, a covalently stabilized trimer derived from peptide <b>3</b><sub><b>F20Cha</b></sub>, forms a dodecamer. Size exclusion chromatography shows that trimer <b>4</b><sub><b>F20Cha</b></sub> forms higher-order assemblies in solution. Trimer <b>4</b><sub><b>F20Cha</b></sub> exhibits cytotoxicity against the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. These studies demonstrate the use of the F20Cha mutation to further stabilize oligomers of Aβ-derived peptides that contain more of the native sequence and thus better mimic the oligomers formed by full-length Aβ.
The Role of Serotonin Transporter Protein Gene in Antidepressant-Induced Mania in Bipolar Disorder (2001)

If these results are replicated, the 5HTTLPR polymorphism may become an important predictor of abnormal response to medication in patients with BP.
Effects of transducer and tissue parameters on motion induced by radiation force during ultrasonic lesion monitoring (2003)

Tissue motion induced by acoustic radiation force is studied as a means of monitoring the formation of therapeutic lesions with increased stiffness produced by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Our analyses and simulations examine the role and interplay of various tissue and system parameters to assist in designing practical systems and interpreting results. The radiation force is generated by a therapeutic transducer excited at levels below lesion-production threshold, while the magnitude and time-course of the induced motion is monitored via a confocal and collinear diagnostic transducer. Lesions are detected by comparing pre- and post-treatment motion patterns. Parameters characterizing properties of the motion-inducing beam, such as its intensity and spatial profile, and tissue parameters signifying its viscoelastic properties, acoustic attenuation, and geometry, are the focus of this investigation. Acoustic attenuation, which can increase significantly during lesion production and directly affects the radiation-force profile, manifests itself on time scales characteristic of acoustic propagation. In contrast, time scales characteristic of viscoelastic effects are substantially larger. These viscoelastic properties also mediate effects associated with tissue geometry and large-scale spatial beam profile. Effects of diagnostic beam parameters on the sensitivity and accuracy of the method have also been investigated.
Efficient Entry to the [2.2.2]-Diazabicyclic Ring System via Diastereoselective Domino Reaction Sequence (2012)

A domino reaction sequence involving aldol condensation, alkene isomerization, and intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition for the synthesis of [2.2.2]-diazabicyclic structures is reported. Excellent diastereofacial control during the cycloaddition is enforced with a removable chiral phenyl aminal diketopiperazine substituent. The reaction sequence rapidly generates molecular complexity and is competent with both enolizable and nonenolizable aldehyde substrates (nine examples total). Progress toward the synthesis of malbrancheamide B, a protypical member of the [2.2.2]-diazabicyclic natural product family, is also disclosed.
Isolation of Medicine-Applicable Actinium-225 from Thorium Targets Irradiated by Medium-Energy Protons (2014)

A method of isolation of actinium-225 for nuclear medical applications from thorium targets irradiated by protons is presented. It comprises liquid extraction and extraction chromatography separations. The method demonstrates high (> 85%) chemical yield and radionuclide purity of the final product. An impurity of 227Ac (0.1% at the end of bombardment) does not hinder 225Ac from being used for medical 225Ac/213Bi generators.
Aqueous Lithium/Air Rechargeable Batteries (2011)

Abstract Several key issues of aqueous lithium/air rechargeable batteries that consists of a water-stable lithium electrode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a bifunctional air electrode are reviewed. Based on research and discussion of these issues, the challenges and prospects for high energy density aqueous lithium/air rechargeable batteries are described. From a broader perspective, lithium/air rechargeable batteries that employ aprotic electrolytes are also briefly introduced for comparison.