gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Communication-Aware DNN Accelerator on ImageNet Using In-Memory Entry-Counting Based Algorithm-Circuit-Architecture Co-Design in 65-nm CMOS (2020)

This article presents a communication-aware processing-in-memory deep neural network accelerator, which implements an in-memory entry-counting scheme for low bit-width quantized multiplication-and-accumulations (MACs). To maintain good accuracy on ImageNet, the proposed design adopts a full-stack co-design methodology, from algorithms, circuits to architectures. In the algorithm level, an entry-counting based MAC is proposed to fit the learned step-sized quantization scheme, and exploit the sparsity of both activations and weights intrinsically. In the circuit level, content addressable memory cells and multiplexed arrays are developed in the processing-in-memory macro. In the architecture level, the proposed design is compatible with different stationary dataflow mappings, further reducing the memory access. An in-memory entry-counting silicon prototype and its entire peripheral circuits are fabricated in 65nm LP CMOS technology with an active area of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.76\times 0.66$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The 7.36-Kb processing-in-memory macro with 128 search entries can reduce the multiplication number by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12.8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The peak throughput is 3.58 GOPS, achieved at a clock rate of 143MHz and a power supply of 1.23V. The peak energy efficiency of the processing-in-memory macro is 11.6 TOPS/W, achieved at a clock rate of 40MHz and a power supply of 1.01V. Note that the physical design of the entry-counting memory is completed in a standard digital placement and routing flow by augmenting the library with two dedicated memory cells. A 3-bit quantized ResNet-18 on the ImageNet dataset is performed, where the top-1 accuracy is 64.4%.
The (Ph)<sub>2</sub>nacnac Ligand in Organochromium Chemistry (2002)

A novel class of β-diketiminato chromium complexes was prepared to serve as a homogeneous model system for the heterogeneous Phillips ethylene polymerization catalyst. (Ph)2nacnacCrCl2(THF)2 (1, (Ph)2nacnac = N,N‘-diphenyl-2,4-pentanediimine anion) was found to polymerize ethylene in the presence of excess methylaluminoxane (MAO). Reaction of 1 with 1.0 equiv of an alkylzinc compound yielded dimeric, chloride-bridged monoalkyl complexes of the type [(Ph)2nacnacCrR(μ-Cl)THF]2 (R = Me (3a), Et (3b)). Reaction of 1 with 2.0 equiv of alkyllithium reagents resulted in a disproportionation to [(Ph)2nacnac]2Cr (2) and CrR4. 2 could be oxidized by treatment with tetrachloroethane to give trigonal-bipyramidal [(Ph)2nacnac]2CrCl (5). Attempted alkylation of 5 with aluminum alkyls yielded the ortho-metalated product (Ph)2nacnac(η1-C6H4-Ph)nacnacCr (6). However, the chromium(III) aryl complex [(Ph)2nacnac]2CrPh (4) could be synthesized by reaction of CrPh3(THF)3 with 2 equiv of (Ph)2nacnacH. Square-pyramidal 4 featured both a normal planar η2-nacnac and a nonplanar η3-nanac ligand. Thermolysis of 4 resulted in the loss of benzene along with the formation of 6. The crystal structures of 2, 3a, and 4−6 were determined by X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 3−5 catalyzed the polymerization of ethylene when activated with MAO, but they did not catalyze the polymerization by themselves.
Vitamin E blocks early events induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>) in cerebellar granule cells (2003)

Exposure of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) results in apoptotic cell death, which is markedly attenuated by co-treatment of CGCs with the radical scavenger vitamin E. Analysis of free radical production and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim), using specific fluorescent probes, showed that MPP+ mediates early radical oxygen species (ROS) production without a loss of DeltaPsim. Exposure to MPP+ also produces an early increase in Bad dephosphorylation and translocation of Bax to the mitochondria. These events are accompanied by cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol, which is followed by caspase 3 activation. Exposure of the neurons to vitamin E maintains Bad phosphorylation and attenuates Bax translocation, inhibiting cytochrome c release and caspase activation. MPP+-mediated cytochrome c release is also prevented by allopurinol, suggesting the participation of xanthine oxidase in the process. Our results indicate that free radicals play an active role in the MPP+-induced early events that culminate with cell death.
Genomic organization of a human killer cell inhibitory receptor gene (1997)

We have cloned a region of human chromosome 19q13.4 which contains multiple killer cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) loci. By random and directed sequence analysis of these KIR-specific clones, we deduced the genomic structure of KIR genes. A locus encoding a member of the NKAT-2 family of KIRs is presented here. The structure of the gene is reminiscent of loci of the Fc receptor gene family, and the two sets of genes may derive from a common ancestor. The KIR gene contains potentially nine exons. The first two exons encode the leader sequence, as in Fc receptor genes. The third exon encodes an untranslated pseudo exon specifying an immunoglobulin domain with an in-frame stop codon. Expressed cDNAs do not contain this exon. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that certain KIR genes may have been derived from the duplication of a primordial three immunoglobulin domain structure with subsequent skipping of one exon to derive genes with two expressed immunoglobulin domains. Variation in numbers of immunoglobulin domains in different KIR genes is facilitated by conservation of splicing frame in respect to the codon triplet for each immunoglobulin domain.
Purification and characterization of <i>N</i>‐acyl‐D‐glutamate deacylase from <i>Alcaligenes xylosoxydans</i> subsp. <i>xylosoxydans</i> A‐6 (1991)

The purification and properties of N ‐acyl‐D‐glutamate deacylase from the cell extracts of Alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans A‐6 were studied. The two active fractions (peaks I and II) were obtained by a Mono Q column chromatography. The predominant enzyme (peak I) has been purified, 1960‐fold to homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme was a monomer with a molecular weight of 59 000. The optimum pH and the isoelectric point were 8.0 and 5.5, respectively. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of N ‐acyl derivatives of D‐glutamate. The K m s for N ‐acetyl, N ‐butyryl and N ‐propionyl derivatives of D‐glutamate were 0.129, 0.066 and 0.01 mM, respectively.
Repressors and Upstream Repressing Sequences of the Stress-Regulated <i>ENA1</i> Gene in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: bZIP Protein Sko1p Confers HOG-Dependent Osmotic Regulation (1999)

The yeast ENA1/PMR2A gene encodes a cation extrusion ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is essential for survival under salt stress conditions. One important mechanism of ENA1 transcriptional regulation is based on repression under normal growth conditions, which is relieved by either osmotic induction or glucose starvation. Analysis of the ENA1 promoter revealed a Mig1p-binding motif (-533 to -544) which was characterized as an upstream repressing sequence (URSMIG-ENA1) regulated by carbon source. Its function was abolished in a mig1 mig2 double-deletion strain as well as in either ssn6 or tup1 single mutants. A second URS at -502 to -513 is responsible for transcriptional repression regulated by osmotic stress and is similar to mammalian cyclic AMP response elements (CREs) that are recognized by CREB proteins. This URSCRE-ENA1 element requires for its repression function the yeast CREB homolog Sko1p (Acr1p) as well as the integrity of the Ssn6p-Tup1p corepressor complex. When targeted to the GAL1 promoter by fusing with the Gal4p DNA-binding domain, Sko1p acts as an Ssn6/Tup1p-dependent repressor regulated by osmotic stress. A glutathione S-transferase-Sko1 fusion protein binds specifically to the URSCRE-ENA1 element. Furthermore, a hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase deletion strain could not counteract repression on URSCRE-ENA1 during osmotic shock. The loss of SKO1 completely restored ENA1 expression in a hog1 mutant and partially suppressed the osmotic stress sensitivity, qualifying Sko1p as a downstream effector of the HOG pathway. Our results indicate that different signalling pathways (HOG osmotic pathway and glucose repression pathway) use distinct promoter elements of ENA1 (URSCRE-ENA1 and URSMIG-ENA1) via specific transcriptional repressors (Sko1p and Mig1/2p) and via the general Ssn6p-Tup1p complex. The physiological importance of the relief from repression during salt stress was also demonstrated by the increased tolerance of sko1 or ssn6 mutants to Na+ or Li+ stress.
Capturing and rendering with incident light fields (2003)

This paper presents a process for capturing spatially and directionally varying illumination from a real-world scene and using this lighting to illuminate computer-generated objects. We use two devices for capturing such illumination. In the first we photograph an array of mirrored spheres in high dynamic range to capture the spatially varying illumination. In the second, we obtain higher resolution data by capturing images with an high dynamic range omnidirectional camera as it traverses across a plane. For both methods we apply the light field technique to extrapolate the incident illumination to a volume. We render computer-generated objects as illuminated by this captured illumination using a custom shader within an existing global illumination rendering system. To demonstrate our technique we capture several spatially-varying lighting environments with spotlights, shadows, and dappled lighting and use them to illuminate synthetic scenes. We also show comparisons to real objects under the same illumination.
Low-Temperature Solid-State Electronic Absorption Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (1993)

The study of inorganic solid-state electronic and vibronic transitions at low temperatures, by a wide-range Fourier transform spectrometer, covering the range 150 to 47,500 cm −1 , with a resolution between 0.5 and 2.0 cm −1 , is described. The types of electronic transitions of molecular ions are given, and the link between calculation and experimental measurement is highlighted. Factors contributing to the linewidths in solid-state electronic absorption spectrometry are identified. The instrumental techniques for sample preparation and the recording of spectra at low temperature are described, together with parameters affecting the resolution, precision, and calibration of a Fourier transform instrument. Problems which may arise from sample heating, spectrum fringing, aliasing, and the operation of spectrum subtraction are discussed. Some applications of the Fourier transform spectrometer are presented.
Mapping of the duplicated rabbit immunoglobulin χ light chain locus (1991)

The rabbit has two isotypic forms of the immunoglobulin kappa light chain, K1 and K2, which probably arose by duplication. In the normal rabbit, only traces of K2 light chains are produced. However, K2 levels are elevated in allotype-suppressed rabbits and in the Basilea strain which does not produce K1 because of a K1 mRNA splice site mutation. Previous cloning and sequencing showed that each isotype has its own set of J kappa genes but it was not known whether the two isotypes utilize shared or separate sets of V kappa genes. In addition, although genetic linkage of allotypes associated with the K1 and K2 genes has been demonstrated, physical linkage had not been previously demonstrated by overlapping cosmid or phage clones. We used pulsed field and transverse alternating field electrophoresis to obtain megabase maps and to estimate the size of the duplication of the rabbit kappa light chain locus. We found that the two C kappa genes are about 1 megabase apart. One explanation for the poor expression of K2, could be great physical distance from V kappa genes. However, we found that there are V kappa, J kappa and C kappa 2 genes within a approximately 105-kb fragment. Thus, physical distance of V kappa from C kappa 2 may not be the basis for poor K2 expression.
Learning Cross-Modal Deep Embeddings for Multi-Object Image Retrieval using Text and Sketch (2018)

In this work we introduce a cross modal image retrieval system that allows both text and sketch as input modalities for the query. A cross-modal deep network architecture is formulated to jointly model the sketch and text input modalities as well as the the image output modality, learning a common embedding between text and images and between sketches and images. In addition, an attention model is used to selectively focus the attention on the different objects of the image, allowing for retrieval with multiple objects in the query. Experiments show that the proposed method performs the best in both single and multiple object image retrieval in standard datasets.
Levels and Significance of Adiponectin and Lipoproteins in Serum of Preeclampsia (2012)

Objective
To explore the relationship between adiponectin (APN) and lipoproteins in the late pregnancy women with preeclampsia (PE).


Methods
From October 2008 to October 2010, a total of 40 cases of pregnancy women with PE were admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University as PE group. According to severity grading of PE [severe preeclampsia (SPE) and mild preeclampsia(MPE)], they were divided into SPE group(n=22) and MPE group(n=18). Meanwhile another 40 healthy pregnancy women gestational ages as control group. The levels of serum APN, total triglyceride(TG), cholesterin(TC), low density lipoprotein(LDL)and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in 80 pregnant women at 34~38 weeks were measured with radioimmunoassay(RIA). There had no significant differences between PE group and control group, MPE group and SPE group among ages, gestational ages, parities(all first born), pregnant weight in late pregnancy, special past medical history and other pregnancy complications (P>0.05). This was a prospective observational study with institutional ethics approval and written subjects consent.


Results
①The levels of serum APN and HDL were significantly lower in PE group than those in control group(P<0.01). The TG level was significantly higher in PE group than that in control group(P<0.01). ②The levels of APN and TG were negative correlated in PE group(r=-0.90, P<0.01). The levels of APN and HDL were positive correlated in PE group(r=0.93, P<0.01).


Conclusions
Lower APN and disturbance of lipid metabolism in late pregnancy might be associated with the pathogenesis of PE.


Key words: 
preeclampsia; adiponectin; lipoprotein
Integrated shadow removal based on photogrammetry and image analysis (2005)

This paper presents a methodology to automatically detect and remove the shadows in high‐resolution urban aerial images for urban GIS applications. The image is generated by ADS40, which is a multiple line scanner. The system includes shadow simulation, ray tracing, integrated shadow detection, and shadow removal. The geodetic shadow is simulated from a digital surface model (DSM) and the sun attitude. Using an ADS40 camera model and collinearity equations, the corresponding scan line of the shadow is obtained. Ray tracing is used to determine the visibility of the shadow in the image. A building boundary driven height field ray tracing method is proposed to boost the tracing efficiency. Shadow segmentation is taken from the RGB image at the base of the traced image shadows. The segmentation threshold is derived from the histogram of the traced image shadow area. Shadow removal includes the shadow region and companion region labelling, the histogram processing, and intensity mapping. Some experiment results are presented to show the effectiveness of the methods.
Cylinder by Cylinder Engine Pressure and Pressure Torque Waveform Determination Utilizing Speed Fluctuations (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Using an elastic model of the engine -drivetrain system, measured speed fluctuation data is passed back through the model to determine the fluctuation waveform of both the total engine torque being developed and the engine pressure torque. The torque fluctuation waveforms are available on a cylinder by cylinder basis. Utilizing the engine pressure torque fluctuation waveform, the mean level of engine torque being developed is obtained, thus providing the full engine pressure torque waveform. Finally, the engine pressure torque waveform is used to obtain the cylinder pressure waveform which gave rise to it. Knowledge of these torques and of the cylinder pressure provides the basis for both open loop and adaptive engine control strategies.</div>
Recent developments in glycopeptide antibacterials. (2005)

The glycopeptide class of antibiotics, namely vancomycin and teicoplanin, are intravenously administered in the hospital setting for the treatment of the most severe of Gram-positive infections. Although a mainstay of the hospital formulary for over four decades, the rise of increasingly frequent high-level vancomycin resistance in enterococci and low-level resistance in staphylococci (as well as a few high-level vancomycin resistance cases) has highlighted the need for the identification of naturally occurring and semi-synthetically modified glycopeptide derivatives that have antibacterial activity against these resistant strains. Among the leading development candidates are dalbavancin, oritavancin, telavancin and ramoplanin, each of which provides a unique microbiological and pharmacological profile to fill an important unmet medical need.
Gene therapy that inhibits nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB results in tumor necrosis factor α–induced apoptosis of human synovial fibroblasts (2000)

AdCMVIkappaB-DN gene therapy greatly enhances apoptosis due to inhibition of an NF-kappaB-mediated antiapoptosis signaling pathway, and XIAP is a TNFalpha-inducible specific inhibitor of apoptosis in RA synovial cell lines. This and other modulators of TNF receptor or the Fas apoptosis pathway may be therapeutically beneficial in facilitating apoptosis of synovial tissue in patients with RA.
A Frequency Up-Conversion and Two-Step Channel Selection Embedded CMOS D/A Interface (2005)

A multi-functional D/A interface for a novel two-step-up wireless transmitter architecture is described. A current-mode analog-double-quadrature sampling (A-DQS) technique is proposed in a two-channel 10-bit 120-MSample/s current steering D/A converter (DAC) to realize not only D/A conversion, but also baseband-to-IF image-reject upconversion, and IF channel selection for simplifying the radio front-end channel selection complexity. Realized with 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS in Cadence/spl trade/, the active die area is 2.55 mm/sup 2/. The integral (INL) and differential (DNL) nonlinearities are better than /spl plusmn/0.42 LSB and /spl plusmn/0.38 LSB, respectively. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is >56 dB. The power dissipation is 163 mW from 2.5-V analog/1.8-V digital supplies.
Modelling of the Stability of Highly Inclined Boreholes in Anisotropic Rock Formations (1987)

Abstract Simulators have been developed to study fracture and collapse behavior around boreholes. To take into account the directional properties of real rocks, an anisotropic stress model is used. In addition to take into account anisotropic elastic properties, directional shear and tensile strengths are also included. The orientation of the borehole, the in-situ stresses and the bedding plane can all be arbitrarely oriented relative to each other to model field situations. This paper presents some of the results of this model. It is shown that by neglecting the anisotropic effects, an error is introduced. Also, by studying the anisotropic model, further insight into the behavior of the borehole is gained.
Achieving information integration in supply chain management through B2B e-hubs: concepts and analyses (2003)

While supply chain integration is measured at three levels: information, resources and organization, the emphasis of the paper is placed on how information integration can be achieved through B2B e-hubs. After reviewing the concept of supply chain integration and the evolution of e-hubs, we examine two groups of e-hubs classified by supply chain processes, namely procurement and transportation, along with two case studies of each. A value-gap analysis is performed from the perspectives of facilitating supply chain activities and connecting chain partners, revealing that gaps and limitations do exist in existing e-hubs. Finally, we present a framework for integrating existing e-hubs into other advanced information technologies, such as ERP and CRM, to bridge the gaps and to expand their functionality to provide better solutions to supply chain integration.
Differential effects of recombinant human colony stimulating factor (rh G‐CSF) on stem cells in marrow, spleen and peripheral blood in mice (1990)

Previously it has been hypothesized that the granulopoietic and erythropoietic lineages may compete for differentiating stem cells. According to this hypothesis one would expect that a stimulation of granulopoiesis by G-CSF administration would lead to a reduction of the stem cell pool and be followed by a decline of erythropoietic progenitor numbers. In addition one would expect an enhanced response of granulopoiesis if G-CSF administration were combined with suppression of erythropoiesis by red cell transfusion. To evaluate whether this hypothesis holds true C57bl mice were injected subcutaneously for 6 d with 3.75 micrograms rh G-CSF/mouse/d (150 micrograms G-CSF/kg body weight/d). Marrow CFU-S numbers showed an increase to 160% on day 2, followed by a decrease to 50% of control on day 6. Splenic and peripheral blood CFU-S increased 20-fold and 10-fold, respectively. Marrow CFU-E declined to 40% of the control value. Splenic CFU-E increased 10-fold. The increase in marrow CFU-GM numbers ranged between 140% and 180%. CFU-GM obtained from the spleen and the peripheral blood increased 60-fold and 15-fold, respectively. Regarding the CFU-S and CFU-GM a similar pattern of response was found in an experiment where rh G-CSF administration was combined with an additional red cell transfusion. These data do not provide convincing evidence for an exhaustion of haemopoietic stem cells during treatment with G-CSF. They rather suggest that an important side effect of G-CSF treatment is a release of CFU-S and progenitors from the marrow to the peripheral blood and a reseeding in the spleen.
Soot characterisation and diesel engine wear (2004)

Abstract The hardness of various types of soot produced by heavy‐ and light‐duty diesel engines of European, Japanese, and North American designs was measured by low‐loss electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS). No clear general trend can be established that shows heavy‐duty diesel engine soot is necessarily harder than light‐duty diesel engine soot. The variation in hardness among individual soot particles produced by the same diesel engine can be as large as differences between the hardest soot particles produced by heavy‐duty diesel engines and the softest soot particles produced by light‐duty diesel engines. There are heavy‐duty diesel engines that can produce soot that is softer than that produced by some light‐duty diesel engines and vice versa. Nevertheless, the hardness of all types of soot studied is close to the range of hardness of metal engine parts. Thus, the results indicate that soot is hard enough to abrade some metal engine parts.