gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BRANCHED AND CROSSLINKED RESORBABLE POLYMERS BASED ON LACTIC ACID, LACTIDE AND ε-CAPROLACTONE (2003)

Branched and crosslinked degradable polyesters based on lactic acid, lactide and ε-caprolactone were prepared by utilizing different polymerization methods. Chain linking of hydroxyl telechelic lactic acid oligomers with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as a chain extender, yielded lactic acid based poly(ester-urethanes). When an excess of HMDI was used, polymers with broader molecular weight distribution and long-chain branching were obtained. Long-chain branching was confirmed by NMR and was seen in high shear thinning and melt strength in rheological measurements. Ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide, L-lactide and ε-caprolactone in the presence of stannous octoate and a co-initiator was employed as a method to prepare polyesters with controlled molecular structure. The initiation activity of different hydroxyl containing compounds was evaluated and new co-initiator compounds, polyglycerines, were shown to yield polylactides with up to 8 arms. Furthermore, by increasing the number of hydroxyls in the co-initiator, the polymerization rate increased and polylactides with higher molecular weight were obtained.\n\nCrosslinked polymers with controlled molecular structure were prepared from end functionalized linear and branched polyester precursors. The effect of molecular architecture, i.e. branching, molecular weight and different monomer units in the precursors, on the curing and properties of the final networks was studied. Triethoxysilane and methacrylic double bond functionalization and polymerization of these moieties were utilized in the preparation of hydrolytically degradable networks with different properties. High strength was obtained with DLLA based networks, whereas the use of flexible CL/DLLA copolymers as network precursors yielded highly elastic crosslinked polymers with creep resistance.\n\nIn addition to the preparation and characterization, the degradability of the crosslinked polymers was evaluated. The polyester networks exhibited degradation similar to the corresponding thermoplastic polyesters. In general, the degradation occurred through bulk degradation where the mechanical properties of the polyesters deteriorated first and the mass loss followed. The degradation of the networks was enhanced by introducing labile anhydride bonds as weak linkages into the polyester network structure. This approach led to very rapidly degrading, crosslinked poly(ester-anhydrides) based on PCL, PDLLA, and PLLA. When a short PCL based precursor was used, the network showed characteristics of surface-erosion: the poly(ester-anhydride) network lost its mass and the dimensions of the specimen decreased at a steady rate over two days.
Wi-Fi assistance to SUPL-based Assisted-GPS simulators for indoor positioning (2011)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been the most popular choice for positioning in open-sky environments, but its difficulty in dealing with signal blockage from buildings, trees and the like has limited its operation in urban environments, underground and especially indoors. Recent advancements in location technology have led to the development of Assisted GPS (A-GPS) technology that can operate satisfactorily in many challenging environments using aiding information. As technology testing is a major development component, this paper describes a low cost approach to augment conventional GPS simulators with A-GPS testing support. The A-GPS support is provided using the concept of Wi-Fi positioning technology and IP address location. The communication between the simulator and the receiver is in accordance with the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) protocol. Currently only high-end simulators support testing of A-GPS receivers as it involves assistance generation and delivery to the receivers in addition to GPS signal generation.
Seven New Microcystins Possessing Two<scp>l</scp>-Glutamic Acid Units, Isolated from<i>Anabaena</i>sp. Strain 186 (1998)

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been applied to the structure assignment of seven new microcystins (1-7), obtained from cultured Anabaena sp. strain 186. The seven new microcystins contain the dehydroalanine (Dha) or L-Ser unit instead of the N-methyldehydroalanine unit and the L-Glu and/or its delta-methyl ester [E(OMe)] units at the two variable L-amino acid units, and the structures were assigned as [Dha7]microcystin-E(OMe)E(OMe) (1), [D-Asp3,Dha7]microcystin-E(OMe)E(OMe) (2), [L-Ser7]microcystin-E(OMe)E(OMe) (3), [D-Asp3,L-Ser7]microcystin-E(OMe)E(OMe) (4), [Dha7]microcystin-EE(OMe) (5), [D-Asp3,Dha7]microcystin-EE(OMe) (6), and [L-Ser7]microcystin-EE(OMe) (7). These microcystins are the first examples containing dicarboxylic amino acids at the two variable L-amino acid units in microcystins.
Enzyme Microarrays: On‐Chip Determination of Inhibition Constants Based on Affinity‐Label Detection of Enzymatic Activity (2004)

Das Hochdurchsatz-Screening von Bibliotheken potenzieller Inhibitoren gelingt mit einer Enzymmikroarray-Methode, die einen geringen Probenverbrauch mit Genauigkeit und Geschwindigkeit kombiniert. Informationen über die Inhibierung von Enzymen lassen sich erhalten, indem ein fluoreszierender Affinitätsmarker einem Mikroarray funktionaler Enzyme zugesetzt wird (siehe Bild). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z53623_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Frequency control of a CO2 laser using stark cell stabilization (1979)

Preliminary studies have been carried out for the frequency and intensity stabilization of the output of a carbon Dioxide laser, by feedback control of resonator length. Fluctuations due to discharge current and temperature and flow rate of coolant were studied. Current regulation of the power supply was found to be necessary for intensity stability. Cavity length tuning allowed vibration-rotation line selection, with a strong hysteresis effect. A computer analysis of error signal production for a pyroelectric detector and for a HgCdTe detector indicated that phase sensitive detection of the first harmonic signal component gave the typical frequency discriminant. Operation of a servo loop integrator for the feedback loop has been considered. A suitable Stark Effect absorption cell for feedback signal generation has been constructed, but has not been applied to the laser. (Author)
Differentiation of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. (1998)

The vascular system of the central nervous system is derived from capillary endothelial cells, which have invaded the early embryonic neuroectoderm from the perineural vascular plexus. This process is called angiogenesis and is probably regulated by brain-derived factors. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic growth factor whose expression correlated with embryonic brain angiogenesis, i.e. expression is high in the embryonic brain when angiogenesis occurs and low in the adult brain when angiogenesis is shut off under normal physiological conditions. VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (flt-1 and flk-1) as well as the recently identified angiopoietin receptors (tie-1 and tie-2) are receptor tyrosine kinases specifically expressed in endothelial cells. Expression of these receptors is high during brain angiogenesis but low in adult blood-brain barrier endothelium. They are required for the proper development of a vascular system, and particularly tie-2 is necessary for brain angiogenesis. Signal transduction by these receptors regulates endothelial cell growth, permeability and differentiation. Blood-brain barrier endothelial cell characteristics (complex tight junctions, low number of vesicles, specialized transport systems) are induced by the local brain environment, e.g. neurons and astrocytes. Tight junctions between brain endothelial cells are the structural basis for the paracellular impermeability and high electrical resistance of blood-brain barrier endothelium. Association of tight junction particles with the P-face rather than the number or branching frequency of tight junction stands correlated with blood-brain barrier development and function suggesting that the cytoplasmic anchoring of the tight junctions plays an important role. During inflammation, leukocytes migrate through blood-brain barrier endothelium. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on blood-brain barrier endothelial cells appear to be the major mediators of these processes while the selectins are absent from brain endothelium in vivo.
Real-Time Multi-Person Tracking with Time-Constrained Detection (2011)

This paper presents a robust real-time multi-person tracking framework for busy street scenes. Tracking-by-detection approaches have recently been successfully applied to this task. However, their run-time is still limited by the computationally expensive object detection component. In this paper, we therefore consider the problem of making best use of an object detector with a fixed and very small time budget. The question we ask is: given a fixed time budget that allows for detector-based verification of k small regions-of-interest (ROIs) in the image, what are the best regions to attend to in order to obtain stable tracking performance? We address this problem by applying a statistical Poisson process model in order to rate the urgency by which individual ROIs should be attended to. These ROIs are initially extracted from a 3D depth-based occupancy map of the scene and are then tracked over time. This allows us to balance the system resources in order to satisfy the twin goals of detecting newly appearing objects, while maintaining the quality of existing object trajectories.
Features and exploitation of thermal-mineral water in the Yugoslav Banat (2000)

Banat is a geographic area which includes the northeast part of Yugoslavia, the west part of Romania and the south part of Hungary. The Yugoslav Banat, which is interesting for our research, includes the east part of the Vojvodina province, bounded by the rivers Danube and Tisa and the Hungarian and Romanian borders. It covers the space of 9,296 sq km, which is 43.2% of the total territory of Vojvodina. Banat is an interesting part of the Pannonian Basin because it offers the possibilities of intensive exploitation of geothermal springs of this area. The springs represent a part of the unique hydro-geothermal system. The paper gives the analyses of the main features of mineral and thermal water in the Yugoslav Banat. It also establishes the localities which have the greatest resources and shows the degree of the water exploitation for the purposes of the spa and recreational tourism. The paper also presents the ideas for improving the financial background of the localities where the water is most intensively used. Apart from tourist reasons for the water exploitation, there are several other possibilities for its usage: in agriculture and aqua-culture, for room heating, as technological water, etc.
Fatigue Risks in the Connections of Sign Support Structures: Phase 1 (2008)

Wisconsin sought to assess the risk of fatigue-induced fracture in its existing sign support structures designed before the latest AASHTO specifications that included fatigue design. A framework for assessing fatigue-induced fracture risk is developed and detailed synthesis of fatigue testing of connections is conducted. Statistical analysis of tests conducted since 1970 is made and models for characterizing uncertainty in the fatigue life of these connections are proposed. Recommendations regarding further fatigue testing (specimen configuration, number and stress range) are given. Statistical models for wind speed and direction are developed using historical records obtained through the National Climatic Data Center for eight cities within the state of Wisconsin. Nonlinear finite element analysis of a typical mast-arm-to-plate connection with octagonal mast arm is conducted using various configurations of bolt pretension. Recommendations regarding the impact of loose bolts on the distribution of normal stress within octagonal mast arms are provided and comparison to AASHTO design specification procedures is made.
Thin Market Conditions in the Livestock - Meat Industry (1978)

After wrestling mightily with the concept of "the thin market," like Daniel Webster with the devil, I am not sure that it has real substance of its own.Along with others, I find a wide array of economic problems within all sectors of the livestock-meat industry.Some of these problems include characteristics or conditions which Hayenga, et al, mentioned during heroic efforts to identify and define a "thin market."Characteristics of thin markets, however, often seem to be so thoroughly intertwined or blended with companions that they are identified only with difficulty.In addition, placing emphasis on these characteristics sometimes obscures the basic problems.Such characteristics may be only one of several results of a problem.
A clinical evaluation of three topical anaesthetic agents (1992)

This study compared the efficacy of EMLA 5% Cream, Xylocaine 5% (lignocaine 5 per cent) and NUM (benzocaine 15 per cent, amethocaine 1.7 per cent) to a placebo in reducing the pain experience during needle insertion. In a random, double blind study three groups of twenty volunteers each had a paired topical anaesthetic/placebo placed bilaterally in the buccal sulcus of the upper premolar regions for two minutes, followed by the insertion of a standard 27 gauge needle to a depth of 5 mm. Pain experience was measured with visual analogue scales. Results showed that all three agents significantly reduced pain when compared with the placebo--EMLA (p less than 0.002); Xylocaine (p less than 0.05); NUM (p less than 0.005).
Modeling and Analysis of Metal Interconnect Resistance of Power IC's (2007)

The influence of metal interconnect resistance becomes increasingly critical as the power IC technology continues to advance. In this paper, we report a multilayer quasi-3D finite element analysis (FEA) approach to model the influence of metal interconnect resistance of power IC's. We have used this FEA tool to analyze and optimize a large number of metal interconnect designs. Three case studies will be reported in this paper: 1) optimization of single-layer metal interconnect design; 2) analysis of two-layer metal interconnect design, and 3) novel three-layer metal interconnect designs. The modeling results are compared to measured device data for model validation. Reasonable agreement was observed. Design guidelines were generated based on the modeling results.
Longitudinal dynamics and energy analysis for heavy haul trains (2014)

Whole trip longitudinal dynamics and energy analysis of heavy haul trains are required by operators and manufacturers to enable optimisation of train controls and rolling stock components. A new technology named train dynamics and energy analyser/train simulator (TDEAS) has been developed by the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power in China to perform detailed whole trip longitudinal train dynamics and energy analyses. Facilitated by a controller user interface and a graphic user interface, the TDEAS can also be used as a train driving simulator. This paper elaborates the modelling of three primary parts in the TDEAS, namely wagon connection systems, air brake systems and train energy components. TDEAS uses advanced wedge-spring draft gear models that can simulate a wider spectrum of friction draft gear behaviour. An effective and efficient air brake model that can simulate air brake systems in various train configurations has been integrated. In addition, TDEAS simulates the train energy on the basis of a detailed longitudinal train dynamics simulation, which enables a further perspective of the train energy composition and the overall energy consumption. To demonstrate the validity of the TDEAS, a case study was carried out on a 120-km-long Chinese railway. The results show that the employment of electric locomotives with regenerative braking could bring considerable energy benefits. Nearly 40 % of the locomotive energy usage could be collected from the dynamic brake system. Most of tractive energy was dissipated by propulsion resistance that accounted for 42.48 % of the total energy. Only a small amount of tractive energy was dissipated by curving resistance, air brake and draft gear systems.
Maintenance and repair: application of simulation and mean value analysis to a repair facility model for finding optimal staffing levels (2002)

Staffing problems arise in a wide range of applications including job shops, call centres, and hospital emergency departments. They are characterised by the need to allocate shift workers with varying skills to handle an arrival stream of tasks having different sub-task routings and (sub-task) skill requirements. The Manitoba Telecom Service Trouble Diagnosis and Repair System (TDRS) has 3 skill-levels of staff handling multiple types of faults occurring in telephone switching equipment. TDRS is a pure staffing problem having no equipment constraints: the only resource constraint is staff itself. The object of this study is to show how this can be modelled as an open network of queues with feedback and allowing for temporal and faultclass heterogeneity. Analytic mean value analysis then facilitates validation and selecting feasible staffing strategies for closer examination by simulation. The purpose of experiments using simulation is to find effective performance visualisations and optimal staffing allocations.
SMiT: Local System Administration Across Disparate Environments Utilizing the Cloud (2013)

System administration can be tedious. Most IT departments maintain several (if not several hundred) computers, each of which requires periodic housecleaning: updating of software, clearing of log files, removing old cache files, etc. Compounding the problem is the computing environment itself. Because of the distributed nature of these computers, system administration time is often consumed in repetitive tasks that should be automated. Although current system administration tools exist, they are often centralized, unscalable, unintuitive, or inflexible. To meet the needs of system administrators and IT professionals, we developed the Script Management Tool (SMiT). SMiT is a web-based tool that permits administration of distributed computers from virtually anywhere via a common web browser. SMiT consists of a cloud-based server running on Google App Engine enabling users to intuitively create, manage, and deploy administration scripts. To support local execution of scripts, SMiT provides an execution engine that runs on the organization’s local machines and communicates with the server to fetch scripts, execute them, and deliver results back to the server. Because of its distributed asynchronous architecture SMiT is scalable to thousands of machines. SMiT is also extensible to a wide variety of system administration tasks via its plugin architecture.
Environmentally Benign Production of Chemicals and Energy Using a Carbon‐Based Strong Solid Acid (2007)

This paper reviews amorphous carbon bearing sulfonic acid groups as an efficient solid acid catalyst for the production of various chemicals. The material is produced by the sulfonation of incompletely carbonized organic carbon to yield an insoluble, stable, and inexpensive catalyst with acid catalytic activity comparable to that of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ). The carbon material can also be readily separated from liquid products by decantation or filtration, and can be repeatedly reused without any decrease in activity. As a replacement for H 2 SO 4 in industrial chemical production, a carbon‐based solid acid catalyst thus has the potential to substantially reduce energy consumption and waste generation. The carbon catalyst also converts crude vegetable oils into biodiesel in a one‐step process, demonstrating the potential utility of this material in a wide range of catalytic processes. The remarkable catalytic activity of this material is attributable to the incorporation of reactants into the bulk structure and the high density of strongly acidic SO 3 H sites.
Erfolgsfaktor Führung (2019)

Sozialfirmen müssen soziale Orientierung und unternehmerische Führung vereinen. Eine Studie bei Schweizer Sozialfirmen zeigte, dass eine ausgeprägt unternehmerische und marktorientierte Führung mit einer überdurchschnittlichen Zielerreichung verbunden ist. Das gilt auch für Organisationen, die sich völlig dem «Not-for-profit»-Gedanken verpflichten fühlen und kein Interesse an finanziellen Überschüssen haben. Prof. Dr. Markus Gmür, Direktor des Verbandsmanagement Instituts der Universität Freiburg (Schweiz), und der Sozialunternehmer Jonas Baumann-Fuchs stellen die Ergebnisse vor und zeigen mögliche Konsequenzen auf.
Formation Damage Processes Reducing Productivity of Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs (2000)

Abstract As drilling and completion technology advances, the trend to exploitation of gas reservoirs exhibiting ever lower permeabilities continues. This paper discusses issues associated with the identification of productive, low permeability, gas-producing formations and the successful completion and production of these reservoirs. For the purposes of this paper, a very low permeability gas reservoir is defined as a formation having an in-situ matrix permeability to gas of 0.5 mD or less. Criteria are presented for identifying economic absolute permeability cutoffs for low permeability gas-bearing formations. Very low permeability gas reservoirs are typically in a state of capillary undersaturation where the initial water (and sometimes oil) saturation is less than would be expected from conventional capillary mechanics for the pore system under consideration. These formations are commonly referred to as dehydrated or desiccated formations and have been documented on a worldwide basis. Retention of fluids (phase trapping) is discussed as one of the major mechanisms of reduced productivity, even in successfully fractured completions in these types of formations. As well, a variety of diagnostic and remedial treatment options are presented.