gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous Bandwidth of Counter-Phase Optical Interference Cancellation for RF Communications (2011)

We describe an important second-order effect in the counter-phase optical interference cancellation system [also referred to as the opto-cancellation system (OCS)]. The uniformity of signal cancellation provided by the OCS, across a nonzero instantaneous bandwidth, is limited due to V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</sub> mismatches in the electro-optic modulators comprising the system. The effect of these mismatches on the cancellation is examined quantitatively.
Constitutively Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Novel Approach to CNS Drug Discovery (2002)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a major class of signal transduction proteins that modulate various biological functions. GPCRs are one of the most common targets for drug development-currently, 39 of the top 100 marketed drugs in use act directly or indirectly through activation or blockade of GPCR-mediated receptors. Nearly 160 GPCRs have been identified based on their gene sequence and their ability to interact with known endogenous ligands. However, an estimated 500-800 additional GPCRs have been classified as "orphan" receptors (oGPCRs) because their endogenous ligands have not yet been identified. Given that known GPCRs have proven to be such clinically useful drug targets, these oGPCRs represent a rich group of receptor targets for the development of novel and improved medicines. To develop ligands for these potential drug targets requires the ability to identify groups or pools of GPCRs that are likely to be involved in a specific disease process (obesity, schizophrenia, depression, etc.) and to dissect out the pharmacological and signal transduction differences between these GPCR subtypes. It also requires the development of assays to detect ligands of GPCRs even when the endogenous ligands are unidentified. This paper will review novel strategies to identify clinically interesting oGPCRs and to screen for small molecules that act as ligands without prior knowledge of endogenous ligands. This involves the use of constitutively activated GPCRs, a technology that provides a unique opportunity to identify several classes of pharmacological agents, including agonists, inverse agonists and allosteric modulators.
High birefringence fibre Bragg gratings written in tapered photonic crystal fibre with femtosecond IR radiation (2007)

High birefringence Bragg gratings were written with ultrafast 800 nm radiation in non-birefringent pure silica core photonic crystal fibres (PCF) that were tapered with an oxy-hydrogen flame. The grating spectra indicate that a birefringence above 10−3 was created in the tapered PCF.
Pilot Scale Test of a Produced Water-Treatment System for Initial Removal of Organic Compounds (2008)

Abstract A pilot-scale test to remove polar and non-polar organics from produced water was performed at a disposal facility in Farmington NM. We used surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) adsorbent beds and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) in combination to reduce the organic carbon content of produced water prior to reverse osmosis (RO). Reduction of total influent organic carbon (TOC) to 5 mg/L or less is desirable for efficient RO system operation. Most water disposed at the facility is from coal-bed gas production, with oil production waters intermixed. Up to 20 gal/d of produced water was cycled through two SMZ adsorbent units to remove volatile organic compounds (BTEX, acetone) and semivolatile organic compounds (e.g., napthalene). Output water from the SMZ units was sent to the MBR for removal of the organic acid component of TOC. Removal of inorganic (Mn and Fe oxide) particulates by the SMZ system was observed. The SMZ columns removed up to 40% of the influent TOC (600 mg/L). BTEX concentrations were reduced from the initial input of 70 mg/L to 5 mg/L by the SMZ and to an average of 2 mg/L after the MBR. Removal rates of acetate (input 120-170 mg/L) and TOC (input up to 45 mg/L) were up to 100% and 92%, respectively. The water pH rose from 8.5 to 8.8 following organic acid removal in the MBR; this relatively high pH was likely responsible for observed scaling of the MBR internal membrane. Additional laboratory studies showed the scaling can be reduced by metered addition of acid to reduce the pH. Significantly, organic removal in the MBR was accomplished with a very low biomass concentration of 1 g/L throughout the field trial. An earlier engineering evaluation shows produced water treatment by the SMZ/MBR/RO system would cost from $0.13 to $0.20 per bbl at up to 40 gpm. Current estimated disposal costs for produced water are $1.75 to $4.91 per bbl when transportation costs are included, with even higher rates in some regions. Our results suggest that treatment by an SMZ/MBR/RO system may be a feasible alternative to current methods for produced water treatment and disposal.
Yeast telomeres exert a position effect on recombination between internal tracts of yeast telomeric DNA (1998)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proximity to a telomere affects both transcription and replication of adjacent DNA. In this study, we show that telomeres also impose a position effect on mitotic recombination. The rate of recombination between directly repeated tracts of telomeric C1-3A/TG1-3 DNA was reduced severely by proximity to a telomere. In contrast, recombination of two control substrates was not affected by telomere proximity. Thus, unlike position effects on transcription or replication, inhibition of recombination was sequence specific. Moreover, the repression of recombination was not under the same control as transcriptional repression (telomere position effect; TPE), as mutations in genes essential for TPE did not alleviate telomeric repression of recombination. The reduction in recombination between C1-3A/TG1-3 tracts near the telomere was caused by an absence of Rad52p-dependent events as well as a reduction in Rad1p-dependent events. The sequence-specific repression of recombination near the telomere was eliminated in cells that overexpressed the telomere-binding protein Rap1p, a condition that also increased recombination between C1-3A/TG1-3 tracts at internal positions on the chromosome. We propose that the specific inhibition between C1-3A/TG1-3 tracts near the telomere occurs through the action of a telomere-specific end-binding protein that binds to the single-strand TG1-3 tail generated during the processing of recombination intermediates. The recombination inhibitor protein may also block recombination between endogenous telomeres.
Model-updated image-guided liver surgery: preliminary results using intra-operative surface characterization (2010)

The current protocol for image-guidance in liver surgeries involves rigid registration algorithm. Systematic studies have shown that the liver can deform up to 2cms during surgeries thereby compromising the accuracy of the surgical navigation systems. Compensating for intraoperative deformations using computational models has shown promising results. In this work, we follow up the initial rigid registration with a computational approach. The proposed computational approach relies on the closest point distances between the undeformed pre-operative surface and the rigidly registered deformed intra-operative surface. We also introduce a spatial smoothing filter to generate a realistic deformation field using the closest point distances. The proposed approach was validated in both phantom experiments and clinical cases. Preliminary results are encouraging and suggest that computational models can be used to improve the accuracy of image-guided liver surgeries.
Achromatic waveguide lenses (1991)

An investigation of the chromatic properties of waveguide lenses is described. In general, the focal length of mode-index and Fresnel zone (diffractive) lenses will be a function of wavelength. As a result, these lenses will have high optical quality over only a relatively small wavelength range. A method is given to correct for this chromatic dispersion by forming a hybrid mode-index/diffractive doublet. Using this approach, the various lens parameters can be chosen so that the chromatic dispersion of the diffractive element will cancel the dispersion of the refractive element. In certain conditions, the power of the diffractive element in the hybrid achromatic doublet can be shown to go to zero producing an achromatic mode-index lens. It was found that, with typical waveguide materials, a 10-mm focal length, f/5 hybrid mode-index/diffractive lens can be made that has a usable wavelength range of approximately 80 nm. This is over an order of magnitude improvement compared with that obtained with conventional mode-index and diffractive lens types.
Purification and Preliminary Characterization of dDAP, a Novel Dipeptidylaminopeptidase from Dictyostelium discoideum (1995)

We have discovered and purified a novel dipeptidylaminopeptidase (DAP) from the cell-free broth of Dictyostelium discoideum Ax3. The enzyme is secreted in parallel with cell growth in axenic broth culture. It shares substrate preferences with both DAP-I and DAP-III enzymes yet is distinct from both in some physical properties. Similar to DAP-I, the D. discoideum enzyme is able to cleave a variety of dipeptides from the amino termini of substrates. In addition, it readily cleaves substrate sequences beginning with RR- and KK-, a property of the DAP-III class. The D. discoideum enzyme has a pH optimum of 3.5, a subunit molecular mass of 66,000 daltons, and a molecular weight of approximately 225,000 and is not significantly inhibited by cysteine or serine protease inhibitors. It is inhibited by leupeptin and trivalent cations. On the basis of enzymological and other data presented here, we conclude the D. discoideum enzyme does not belong to any of the previously reported DAP classes (DAP-I, -II, -III, -IV) and propose that the class DAP-V be established with this D. discoideum enzyme as the first member.
Virtual Soft Hand-off in IP-Centric Wireless CDMA Networks (2001)

We present a novel method, Virtual Soft Hand-off, for wireless IP-centric CDMA networks whose routers, hosts and mobile stations have small group multicast (SGM) capability. The underlying ideas of the virtual soft hand-off method are that it • views soft hand-off support as setting up an explicit synchronous multicast session among a small group of participants with dynamic group membership, and • recovers multiple packet flows from the multiple received signals concurrently, and combines them to create a single packet flow at higher layers. The virtual soft hand-off approach uses the Session
Frequent fusion of the <i>JAZF1</i> and <i>JJAZ1</i> genes in endometrial stromal tumors (2001)

Endometrial stromal tumors are divided into three types: benign stromal nodules, endometrial stromal sarcomas, and undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas. A variety of cytogenetic abnormalities involving chromosome 7 have been reported in endometrial stromal sarcomas, including a recurrent t(7;17)(p15;q21). We have identified two zinc finger genes, which we have termed JAZF1 and JJAZ1, at the sites of the 7p15 and 17q21 breakpoints. Analyses of tumor RNA indicate that a JAZF1/JJAZ1 fusion is present in all types of endometrial stromal tumors; however, the fusion appears to be rarer among endometrial stromal sarcomas that would be considered high-grade according to certain classification schemes. These findings suggest that the less malignant endometrial stromal tumors may evolve toward more malignant types, but that some endometrial stromal sarcomas with relatively abundant mitotic activity may compose a biologically distinct group.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Amide Formation via S‐Nitrosothioacids. (2011)

Abstract Peptides are also available.
Specific Interferon γ Detection for the Diagnosis of Previous Q Fever (2013)

Specific IFN-γ detection is a novel diagnostic assay for previous C. burnetii infection and shows similar performance and practical advantages over serology and ST. Future studies to investigate the clinical value in practice are warranted.
The synthesis of silver phosphine phenyl derivatives for the use in cancer studies (2014)

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Development of Super Active New Olefin Polymerization Catalysts "FI catalysts". (2001)

As a result of “Ligand-Oriented Catalyst Design” research based on “Fundamentally Active Ligands”, group 4 transition metal complexes having two phenoxy-imine chelate ligands, FI Catalysts, were found to exhibit very high ethylene polymerization activity using MAO as a cocatalyst. Among the complexes, zirconium complexes displayed the highest activity. The maximum activity exceeded 4 ton-PE/mmol-cat ·h at 25°C even under 1 atm of ethylene. This activity corresponds to a catalyst turnover frequency (TOF) value of 42, 900/sec ·atm, the TOF value being, in all likelihood, the largest for not only olefin polymerization but also any other catalytic reaction. Moreover, selecting the cocatalyst as well as changing the ligand structure revealed that the zirconium complexes produced polyethylene of low (Mv; 3 × 103) to exceptionally high (Mv : 5 × 106) molecular weight, while at the same time displaying high activity. Furthermore, FI Catalysts can be easily synthesized, and possess wider range of catalyst design compared with the group 4 metallocene catalysts. These facts indicate that FI Catalysts possess very high potential as a new generation of olefin polymerization catalysts.
Development of Combined Raman Spectroscopy – Optical Coherence Tomography (RS-OCT) (2008)

We report the development of a combined RS-OCT system able to perform precision guided RS of features within OCT. The device’s potential is demonstrated on breast and bone samples, and in vivo skin lesions.
Development of New Rheology Modifier for Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids (2019)

Abstract It is of prime importance for a drilling fluid to have good and optimal rheology in order to achieve good hole-cleaning and have good barite sag resistance. Invert emulsion drilling fluids with organoclay as a viscosifier sometimes fail to maintain sufficient rheology during drilling due to the thermal degradation of organoclay with time and temperature. Thus, there was a need to develop a drilling fluid with optimal rheology sufficient to give good hole cleaning and barite sag resistance in high temperature and pressure conditions. This paper describes the formulation of invert emulsion drilling fluids formulated with a synergistic rheology modifier combination comprising of two different additives viz. rheo1 and rheo2. Invert emulsion fluids formulated with either rheo1 or rheo2 did not show good and optimal rheology required for successful drilling. However, the synergistic effect of these two additives rheo1 and rheo2 resulted in fluids with low PV and enhanced yield point and low end rheology thereby increasing their capacity for better hole-cleaning and barite-sag resistance. The effectiveness of this rheology modifier combination was shown by formulating 68pcf low density, 90pcf medium density and 120pcf high density invert emulsion drilling fluids. The 68pcf, 90pcf and 120pcf fluids were hot rolled at 250°F, 300°F and 325°F respectively. Rheology of the 120pcf invert emulsion fluid was measured across high temperature and pressure range. The paper also describes the contamination and static aging studies of 90pcf and 120pcf fluids at 300°F and 325°F respectively. 68pcf, 90pcf and 120pcf invert emulsion drilling fluids formulated with the novel rheology modifier combination of rheo1 and rheo2 showed optimal rheology and low HTHP fluid loss. Static aging studies of 90pcf and 120pcf fluids at 300°F and 325°F respectively showed that the fluids were resistant to barite sag. Contamination studies of 90pcf fluid showed that the contaminants have minimal effect on the rheology and filtration properties of the invert emulsion fluid. HTHP rheology of the 90pcf invert emulsion fluid shows consistent rheology across high temperatures and pressures. The paper thus demonstrates the superior performance of the rheology modifier combination to achieve good rheological and filtration properties.
A Custom-made Algorithm-Specific Processor for Model Predictive Control (2006)

This paper presents an algorithm-specific processor for embedded model predictive control (MPC). After analyzing the computational cost of MPC, via profiling, we observe that the optimizations associated with MPC are dominated by operations on real matrices. To overcome this bottleneck we propose connecting a limited resource host processor with an algorithm-specific matrix processor, whose architecture is described. The matrix processor uses a 16-bit logarithmic number system (LNS) arithmetic unit to carry out the required arithmetic operations. The proposed architecture is implemented using a hardware description language (HDL) and subsequently it is synthesized and emulated on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The timing and area cost results are presented and analyzed
Isolation of a Novel Human Gene, MARKLI, Homologous to MARK3 and Its Involvement in Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis (2001)

Activation of the Wnt-signaling pathway is known to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis of various human organs including the colon, liver, prostate, and endometrium. To investigate the mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinogenesis, we attempted to identify genes regulated by beta-catenin/Tcf complex in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, in which an activated form of beta-catenin is expressed. By means of cDNA microarray, we isolated a novel human gene, termed MARKL1 (MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase-like 1), whose expression was downregulated in response to decreased Tcf/LEF1 activity. The transcript expressed in liver consisted of 3529 nucleotides that contained an open reading frame of 2256 nucleotides, encoding 752 amino acids homologous to human MARK3 (MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3). Expression levels of MARKL1 were markedly elevated in eight of nine HCCs in which nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin were observed, which may suggest that MARKL1 plays some role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Ge-based Active Devices for Si Photonics (2007)

We present waveguide-coupled, Ge-based photodetectors and electro-absorption (EA) modulators for active Si integrated photonics. These devices offer high optoelectronic performance and compatibility with Si CMOS process.
Ultrasonic Transmission Characteristics of In vitro Human Cancellous Bone (2007)

An ultrasonic wave transmitted through an in vitro human cancellous bone was experimentally investigated. An osteoporotic cancellous bone specimen was obtained from an in vitro femoral head. A narrow ultrasonic beam was scanned on the specimen surface over an area of 30×30 mm2 and the transmitted ultrasonic wave was obtained at an interval of 1 mm. Local bone densities corresponding to measurement points using the ultrasonic beam were obtained using a microfocus X-ray computed tomography system. Transmitted slow wave signals were detected at all measurements points; however, the measurable area of a fast wave was greatly reduced and limited because of the osteoporotic low-density specimen. The propagation speed of a slow wave was almost independent of bone density. The propagation speed of the fast wave and the amplitudes of the fast and slow waves considerably depended on bone density. The obtained results imply that the scattered values of the propagation speed of the fast wave and the amplitudes of the fast and slow waves reflect the ultrasonic characteristics of the cancellous bone, which depend on both the bone density and the trabecular macro- and micro-structures.
Microwave method for locating surface slot/crack tips in metals (1996)

The detection of exposed (empty and filled) and dielectric covered fatigue/surface cracks on metal surfaces is an important practical issue. Recently, microwave techniques have shown the potential of detecting exposed and dielectric filled cracks and cracks covered with dielectric coatings (i.e., paint). An important issue associated with these investigations is locating the tips of a crack. This is particularly important from the repair point of view in steel bridges and other structures. In this study open-ended rectangular waveguide probes are used to locate the tip of empty, dielectric filled, and covered cracks. In this paper the results of extensive measurements are discussed, including the accuracy by which the tip location of a crack may be determined. The location of a crack tip can be determined using a two-dimensional crack characteristic signal (image of the crack), and more simply and accurately by using the crack tip characteristic signal. For cracks/slots used in this study, the results indicate that the tip location of exposed (empty and filled) cracks may be identified to within 0.25 mm (0.009 in.) of their actual position, while covered crack tips are located within 2 mm (0.08 in.) of their actual locations. Using optimized measurement parameters and/or a more » higher order mode detection scheme may result in improved tip location accuracy. Good agreement is obtained between the results of a theoretical model and the measurements, which strongly indicates the possibility of theoretically optimizing (increasing) the accuracy by which a crack tip location may be determined. « less
A Novel Dynamic Detection for Flash Memory (2019)

The incorporation of powerful soft-decision error correction codes (e.g., LDPC) to replace legacy hard-decision codes (e.g., BCH) can boost the reliability of flash memory beyond its current limits at the expense of additional reading latency to generate soft information, namely in the form of log-likelihood ratios (LLRs). Unfortunately, the memory channel varies significantly depending on several factors (e.g., temperature, parasitic coupling, and retention time) which renders the use of precomputed LLR lookup table (LUT) ineffective especially as the device ages. In fact, the estimated LLRs need to be regularly updated to avoid any performance degradation. We provide a dynamic yet low-latency blind detection algorithm which is able to adaptively adjust the hard/soft-decision boundaries and estimate the corresponding LLR codebook. The proposed demodulator offers near-optimal performance with low-complexity overhead.
Closure-Tree: An Index Structure for Graph Queries (2006)

Graphs have become popular for modeling structured data. As a result, graph queries are becoming common and graph indexing has come to play an essential role in query processing. We introduce the concept of a graph closure, a generalized graph that represents a number of graphs. Our indexing technique, called Closure-tree, organizes graphs hierarchically where each node summarizes its descendants by a graph closure. Closure-tree can efficiently support both subgraph queries and similarity queries. Subgraph queries find graphs that contain a specific subgraph, whereas similarity queries find graphs that are similar to a query graph. For subgraph queries, we propose a technique called pseudo subgraph isomorphism which approximates subgraph isomorphism with high accuracy. For similarity queries, we measure graph similarity through edit distance using heuristic graph mapping methods. We implement two kinds of similarity queries: K-NN query and range query. Our experiments on chemical compounds and synthetic graphs show that for subgraph queries, Closuretree outperforms existing techniques by up to two orders of magnitude in terms of candidate answer set size and index size. For similarity queries, our experiments validate the quality and efficiency of the presented algorithms.