gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecg in biometric recognition: time dependency and application challenges (2011)

As biometric recognition becomes increasingly popular, the fear of circumvention, obfuscation and replay attacks is a rising concern. Traditional biometric modalities such as the face, the fingerprint or the iris are vulnerable to such attacks, which defeats the purpose of biometric recognition, namely to employ physiological characteristics for secure identity recognition. 
This thesis advocates the use the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal for human identity recognition. The ECG is a vital signal of the human body, and as such, it naturally provides liveness detection, robustness to attacks, universality and permanence. In addition, ECG inherently satisfies uniqueness requirements, because the morphology of the signal is highly dependent on the particular anatomical and geometrical characteristics of the myocardium in the heart. 
However, the ECG is a continuous signal, and this presents a great challenge to biometric recognition. With this modality, instantaneous variability is expected even within recordings of the same individual due to a variety of factors, including recording noise, or physical and psychological activity. While the noise and heart rate variations due to physical exercise can be addressed with appropriate feature extraction, the effects of emotional activity on the ECG signal are more obscure. 
This thesis deals with this problem from an affective computing point of view. First, the psychological conditions that affect the ECG and endanger biometric accuracy are identified. Experimental setups that are targeted to provoke active and passive arousal as well as positive and negative valence are presented. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used as the basis for the detection of emotional patterns, after adapting the algorithm to the particular needs of the ECG signal. Instantaneous frequency and oscillation features are used for state classification in various clustering setups. The result of this analysis is the designation of psychological states which affect the ECG signal to an extent that biometric matching may not be feasible. An updating methodology is proposed to address this problem, wherein the signal is monitored for instantaneous changes that require the design of a new template. 
Furthermore, this thesis presents the enhanced Autocorrelation- Linear Discriminant Analysis (AC/LDA) algorithm for feature extraction, which incorporates a signal quality assessment module based on the periodicity transform. Three deployment scenarios are considered namely a) small-scale recognition systems, b) large-scale recognition systems and c) recognition in distributed systems. The enhanced AC/LDA algorithm is adapted to each setting, and the advantages and disadvantages of each scenario are discussed. 
Overall, this thesis attempts to provide the necessary algorithmic and practical framework for the real-life deployment of the ECG signal in biometric recognition.
Strictly Nonblocking WDM Cross-connects (2005)

Using (WDM) technology, an optical network can route multiple signals simultaneously along a single optical fiber by encoding each signal on its own wavelength. If the network contains places where multiple fibers connect together and signals are allowed to be moved from any of the incoming fibers to any of the outgoing fibers, then the network is said to contain cross-connects. More precisely, a $k_1\,\times\,k_2$ WDM cross-connect has k1 input fibers and k2 output fibers. Each of the k1 input fibers supports the same n1 input wavelengths and each of the k2 output fibers supports the same n2 output wavelengths. Since a signal on input wavelength $\lambda$ can be routed from its input fiber to an output fiber such that it arrives on the output fiber using wavelength $\gamma$, where $\lambda \neq \gamma$, the cross-connect must be capable of performing wavelength conversion. Along any fiber in the cross-connect a device called a wavelength interchanger can be inserted to perform wavelength conversion. In other words if the path of a signal from an input fiber to an output fiber passes through a \wins, then the wavelength of the signal can be changed to any wavelength that is not already in use along the fiber leaving the wavelength interchanger. Given the high cost of \wisns, the overall cost of a \CC{k_1}{k_2} is minimized by reducing the number of \wis in the cross-connect. However, a desirable property for a cross-connect C is for C to always be able to provide a route (and wavelength conversion) for any valid demand from any pair of input and output fibers regardless of the routes of other demands currently routed in C. If C has this capability then it is said to be strictly nonblocking. For most of this paper we consider a demand to be a request for a connection from an input fiber to an output fiber such that the connection starts on a specified input wavelength and leaves the ç on a second specified wavelength. Using this demand model, we consider cross-connects for which $k_1$ is not necessarily equal to $k_2$ and the number $n_1$ of supported input wavelengths can differ from the number $n_2$ of supported output wavelengths. Without loss of generality we assume that $k_1 \leq k_2$ and present a family of \snob \CCns{k_1}{k_2}s that use \Opt \wisns. For the case when $k_1 = k_2=k$ and $n_1 = n_2$, we prove that this is optimal. For çs where $n_1$ is not necessarily equal to $n_2$, we show that if there is at most one wavelength interchanger on any path from an input fiber to an output fiber, \Opt \wis are optimal. Finally, we consider a more flexible demand model where $k_1 = k_2$ but the input and output wavelengths are not specified as part of the demand. We show that $2k-1$ \wis are still necessary for any \snob \CC{k}{k}.
Shock absorber with pressure-relief mechanism (1984)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Naoto Fukushima, Kunihiko Hidaka, Kazuroh Iwata; Shock absorber with pressure‐relief mechanism. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 June 1984; 75 (6): 1932. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.390943 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Tracking via Robust Multi-task Multi-view Joint Sparse Representation (2013)

Combining multiple observation views has proven beneficial for tracking. In this paper, we cast tracking as a novel multi-task multi-view sparse learning problem and exploit the cues from multiple views including various types of visual features, such as intensity, color, and edge, where each feature observation can be sparsely represented by a linear combination of atoms from an adaptive feature dictionary. The proposed method is integrated in a particle filter framework where every view in each particle is regarded as an individual task. We jointly consider the underlying relationship between tasks across different views and different particles, and tackle it in a unified robust multi-task formulation. In addition, to capture the frequently emerging outlier tasks, we decompose the representation matrix to two collaborative components which enable a more robust and accurate approximation. We show that the proposed formulation can be efficiently solved using the Accelerated Proximal Gradient method with a small number of closed-form updates. The presented tracker is implemented using four types of features and is tested on numerous benchmark video sequences. Both the qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach compared to several state-of-the-art trackers.
Discovery and Optimization of Glucose Uptake Inhibitors (2020)

Aerobic glycolysis, originally identified by Warburg as a hallmark of cancer, has recently been implicated in immune cell activation and growth. Glucose, the starting material for glycolysis, is transported through the cellular membrane by a family of glucose transporters (GLUTs). Therefore, targeting glucose transporters to regulate aerobic glycolysis is an attractive approach to identify potential therapeutic agents for cancers and autoimmune diseases. Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of a class of potent, orally bioavailable inhibitors of glucose transporters, targeting both GLUT1 and GLUT3.
High-temperature stability and grain boundary complexion formation in a\n nanocrystalline Cu-Zr alloy (2015)

Nanocrystalline Cu-3 at.% Zr powders with ~20 nm average grain size were\ncreated with mechanical alloying and their thermal stability was studied from\n550-950 {\\deg}C. Annealing drove Zr segregation to the grain boundaries, which\nled to the formation of amorphous intergranular complexions at higher\ntemperatures. Grain growth was retarded significantly, with 1 week of annealing\nat 950 {\\deg}C, or 98% of the solidus temperature, only leading to coarsening\nof the average grain size to 54 nm. The enhanced thermal stability can be\nconnected to both a reduction in grain boundary energy with doping as well as\nthe precipitation of ZrC particles. High mechanical strength is retained even\nafter these aggressive heat treatments, showing that complexion engineering may\nbe a viable path toward the fabrication of bulk nanostructured materials with\nexcellent properties.\n
A Tunable, Continuous Wave, Thulium-Doped, Solid State Laser Cross-Reference to Related Application. (1990)

One object of the invention is to produce a room-temperature, CW laser emission continuously tunable over the spectral range of 1.86 to 2.14 microns. Another object of the invention is to provide a compact, economical, laser-pumped, solid state laser for producing a CW laser emission tunable over the spectral range of substantially 1.86 to 2.14 microns. Another object of the invention is to provide a room-temperature, laser-pumped, thulium-doped, solid state laser for producing a CW laser emission tunable over the spectral range of 1.86 to 2.14 microns and method for operating same. Another object of the invention is to provide a room-temperature, laser diode-pumped, thulium-doped, solid state laser for producing a CW laser emission tunable over the spectral range of 1.86 to 2.14 microns.
[P‐015]: Discovery, identification and validation of novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease using SELDI‐TOF mass spectrometry (2005)

Biochemical markers of Alzheimer's Disease in accessible body fluids, such as CSF or blood, have the potential to improve early diagnosis, where symptoms are often vague and non-specific. In early phase clinical testing of drugs, biomarkers could provide a measure of pharmacologic action and downstream biological effects before committing experimental therapies to further clinical development. In later phase trials, validated biomarkers related to clinical and pathological changes in disease progression could serve as surrogates for clinical efficacy. To perform a comprehensive clinical proteomic investigation of human CSF samples to discover, validate and sequence novel protein markers of mild AD. The end goal is to build multi-marker assays that could improve early diagnosis and monitor drug treatment. Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization (SELDI) TOF-MS was used to interrogate the proteome of patient CSF samples. The analysis included CSF from very mild cases of AD (N=98) with a mean MMSE score of 24.5, and population based healthy controls (N=49) sourced from three different Nordic hospitals. The samples were randomly divided into a two-thirds model set for discovery and one-third for testing of single marker candidates and multi-marker combinations of discriminating protein peaks. Cross-site validation was performed to increase confidence in selecting a robust panel of markers. A panel of 30 biomarkers with a p-value <0.005 was taken forward for purification and sequencing. The 20 biomarkers identified to date are linked with different aspects of AD pathophysiology including plaque and tangle formation, synaptic dysfunction, microglial activation and iron transport/recycling. Some of the biomarkers have been described previously and others are novel marker proteins and processed fragments produced by disease perturbed proteases. Although no single biomarker provided adequate clinical diagnostic performance the combination of three or more biomarkers addressing different aspects of the neuropathology were able to distinguish mild AD from control individuals with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 80% in a test set of samples. This novel panel of biomarkers could potentially be used to improve early diagnosis of dementia as well as provide complimentary information to help decision making in the development of disease modifying compounds.
Investigating behavioral variability in web search (2007)

Understanding the extent to which people's search behaviors differ in terms of the interaction flow and information targeted is important in designing interfaces to help World Wide Web users search more effectively. In this paper we describe a longitudinal log-based study that investigated variability in people.s interaction behavior when engaged in search-related activities on the Web.allWe analyze the search interactions of more than two thousand volunteer users over a five-month period, with the aim of characterizing differences in their interaction styles.allThe findings of our study suggest that there are dramatic differences in variability in key aspects of the interaction within and between users, and within and between the search queries they submit.allOur findings also suggest two classes of extreme user. navigators and explorers. whose search interaction is highly consistent or highly variable. Lessons learned from these users can inform the design of tools to support effective Web-search interactions for everyone.
Major line operation in vertical Bloch line memory (1991)

The operation of a major line in a vertical Bloch line memory using a partial garnet grooving architecture was studied experimentally and numerically. The major line was fabricated on a 5-μm bubble garnet using three conductor layers and a 10% garnet grooving. The major line contains a bubble generator, a bubble propagation track, a bubble expander for bubble detection, and a bubble annihilator. The minimum current for bubble generation was 350 mA, at 50 ns pulse width. The bubble propagation track was a typical dual conductor design with a 5-μm-wide conductor and a 20-μm circuit period. The minimum drive current was 5 and 10 mA at an operating frequency of 250 and 500 kHz, respectively. The bias field margin was from 84 to 100 Oe. The bubble expander was a modification of the propagation track. The meandering conductor and the groove width were gradually increased to stretch the bubble into a stripe. The bias field margin was from 82 to 84 Oe. The numerical model includes the effect of the garnet grooving, and the simulation results agree with the experimental data.
Open-loop combustion timing control of a Spark-Ignited engine (2008)

In this paper, we propose a control strategy to improve the combustion efficiency of spark-ignited engines. More precisely, we adapt the spark ignition time according to variations of thermodynamic conditions of the combustion chamber during transients. Sensitivity of a simple proposed combustion model (ordinary differential equations governing the flame propagation phenomenon) is used to compute an open-loop control law. An end-point matching condition is formulated to guarantee that the middle of combustion occurs at an optimal time. Simulation results stress the relevance of the approach.
Planar laterally oxidized VCSELs for high density laser arrays (2002)

We present results on an improved fabrication strategy for VCSELs utilizing lateral oxidation. Laterally oxidized (LO) VCSELs are typically fabricated by etching a mesa and oxidizing inwards from the sides of the mesa to define the laser aperture. Due to the requirement that the etch must penetrate through the upper mirror of the VCSEL structure to a buried oxidation layer, the mesa step height is typically large, resulting in difficulties in making electrical contact to the resulting devices. Typically either mesas are fabricated large enough to accommodate an electrical contact, resulting in very large spacings between laser elements, or some planarization process, such as polyimide, is adopted in order to provide a surface suitable for electrical contact to a smaller mesa. If the top VCSEL mirror is a dielectric mirror, mesa heights are reduced and contacting is facilitated, however, fabrication of both mirrors epitaxially results in a much more robust process. The planar lateral oxidation (PLO) process that we demonstrate here utilizes fully epitaxially grown VCSEL structures with no dielectric mirrors, yet eliminates the constraints associated with the typical mesa etch for oxide device definition.
A New Enriched Finite Element Method to Simulate Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Containing Subsurface Features (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we present a new computational framework to simulate reservoirs containing complicated geological and engineering features (for example, faults, induced or natural fractures, and perforations). Unlike traditional computational methods, the new approach does not require the mesh to honor the geometrical shapes of subsurface features. The effects of these features on the solution are captured by enriching the finite element approximation based on the Partition of Unity theory. This new simulation capability eliminates the laborious meshing work traditionally required for modeling complicated subsurface features without compromising solution accuracy. It is especially useful in the detailed analysis of near-well physics where subsurface features at this scale need to be modeled both accurately and efficiently. In cases where the subsurface features are evolving, the computational mesh does not have to know a priori the shape of the evolving subsurface features. This method is particularly useful in the study of curvature changes of hydraulic fractures due to evolving stress fields away from the well. A number of examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The examples are grouped into three broader application areas: (1) well performance analysis of fractured completions, (2) deformation characteristics of reservoirs containing fracture networks, and (3) simulation of fracture interference and re-orientation.
An efficient compiler for weighted rewrite rules (1996)

Context-dependent rewrite rules are used in many areas of natural language and speech processing. Work in computational phonology has demonstrated that, given certain conditions, such rewrite rules can be represented as finite-state transducers (FSTs). We describe a new algorithm for compiling rewrite rules into FSTs. We show the algorithm to be simpler and more efficient than existing algorithms. Further, many of our applications demand the ability to compile weighted rules into weighted FSTs, transducers generalized by providing transitions with weights. We have extended the algorithm to allow for this.
Identification of a human natural killer cell target cell antigen with monoclonal antibodies. (1989)

mAb have been derived against NK cell-sensitive target cells in an effort to identify the target cell structure involved in Ag recognition by NK cells. Several mAb were selected for further study based on their preliminary target cell binding characteristics. Flow cytometry demonstrated that each of these mAb bound to a series of NK-sensitive target cells of various origins (e.g., K562 and Molt-4) while having little or no reactivity with several NK-resistant target cell lines (e.g., SB and Daudi). Functional studies revealed that two of the mAb were able to inhibit the lysis of NK-sensitive K562 target cells by freshly isolated, endogenous NK cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Further, these mAb also could inhibit the killing of K562 target cells by both activated NK cells and cultured lymphokine-activated killer cells, as well as the cytolysis of other NK-sensitive target cells by each of these effector cell populations. Control experiments with another mAb which bound to the target cells but did not inhibit lysis implied that the effects of these mAb on NK cell function was not the result of steric hindrance. Single cell conjugate assays demonstrated that the mAb inhibited NK cell lysis via the inhibition of binding (recognition). Biochemical analysis of this target cell structure revealed that it was a molecule of approximately 42 kDa which may exist as a homodimer in its native state. Thus, it appears that the mAbs identify an unique Ag on the surface of NK cell-sensitive target cells which is involved in NK cell Ag recognition.
A novel simulation method for power electronics: discrete state event driven method (2017)

In the analysis of power electronics system, it is necessary to simulate ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with discontinuities and stiffness. However, there are many difficulties in using traditional discrete-time algorithms to solve such equations. Kofman and others presented the quantized state systems (QSS) algorithm in the discrete event system specification (DEVS) formalism. The discretization is applied to the state variables instead of time range in QSS. QSS is efficient to solve ODEs, but it is difficulty to be used when simulating actual power electronics systems with controller’s and other events. Based on the idea of this numerical algorithm and discrete event, a Discrete State Event Driven (DSED) simulation method is presented in this paper, which is fit for simulation of power electronics system. The method is developed to deal with non-linearity, stiffness and multi-time scale of power electronics systems. The DSED simulation method includes event definition, module seperation and modeling, event-driven mechanisms, numerical computation based on QSS, and some other operations. Simulation results verified the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.
Production of vapor grown carbon fiber with coal fines without SO{sub 2} emissions (1996)

Improper application of antibiotic chemicals to livestock and aquaculture species may lead to the occurrence of residues in food supplies. An appropriate depletion period is needed after the administration of drugs to animals for ensuring that residues in edible tissues are below established tolerance levels. This study was conducted to determine incurred amoxicillin residues in catfish muscle following oral administration. Dosed fish were harvested after four depletion periods, and muscle fillets were analyzed for amoxicillin residues using an HPLC method with precolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection. The residue levels in fish after a 6-h depletion ranged from 40 to 64 ng/g with one exception at 297 ng/g. Average residue levels decreased to 5.4 and 2. 8 ng/g after 24- and 48-h depletions, respectively. Residue levels after a 72-h depletion decreased to below the method's limit of quantitation (1.2 ng/g). An LC-MS/MS confirmatory method was developed. Confirmation of the presence of amoxicillin was demonstrated in incurred fish samples containing residues at approximately 50-300 ng/g.