gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Studies of the Dry Reforming of Methane over the Rh/La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>−SiO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst (2007)

Rh(0.6%)/La2O2(27%)−SiO2 is one of the best catalysts used in membrane reactors for the CO2 reforming of methane. A reliable rate equation is needed to model the system. Hence, the fresh and used catalysts were duly characterized using several instrumental techniques (TPD, DRIFTS, and XPS). The kinetic behavior of the catalysts in the reforming reaction was investigated as a function of temperature and partial pressure of CH4 and CO2. The rate of methane consumption showed fractional order dependency on the partial pressures of both reactants. A reaction mechanism adopted from the literature and supported by the characterization data presented here led to a kinetic equation that fits the experimental data obtained. This study contributes to a better qualitative and quantitative understanding of the dry reforming of methane occurring on Rh catalysts supported on La-containing oxides.
Rate-Selective Caching for Adaptive Streaming Over Information-Centric Networks (2017)

The growing demand for video content is reshaping our view of the current Internet, and mandating a fundamental change for future Internet paradigms. A current focus on Information-Centric Networks (ICN) promises a novel approach to intrinsically handling large content dissemination, caching and retrieval. While ubiquitous in-network caching in ICNs can expedite video delivery, a pressing challenge lies in provisioning scalable video streaming over adaptive requests for different bit rates. In this paper, we propose novel video caching schemes in ICN, to address variable bit rates and content sizes for best cache utilization. Our objective is to maximize overall throughput to improve the Quality of Service (QoS). In order to achieve this goal, we model the dynamic characteristics of rate adaptation, deriving caps on average delay, and propose DaCPlace which optimizes cache placement decisions. Building on DaCPlace, we further present a heuristic scheme, StreamCache, for low-overhead adaptive video caching. We conduct comprehensive simulations on NS-3 (specifically under the ndnSIM module). Results demonstrate how DaCPlace enables users to achieve the least delay per bit and StreamCache outperforms existing schemes, achieving near-optimal performance to DaCPlace.
Single-photon transport through an atomic chain coupled to a one-dimensional nanophotonic waveguide (2015)

We study the dynamics of a single-photon pulse traveling through a linear atomic chain coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) single mode photonic waveguide. We derive a time-dependent dynamical theory for this collective many-body system which allows us to study the real time evolution of the photon transport and the atomic excitations. Our analytical result is consistent with previous numerical calculations when there is only one atom. For an atomic chain, the collective interaction between the atoms mediated by the waveguide mode can significantly change the dynamics of the system. The reflectivity of a photon can be tuned by changing the ratio of coupling strength and the photon linewidth or by changing the number of atoms in the chain. The reflectivity of a single-photon pulse with finite bandwidth can even approach $100%$. The spectrum of the reflected and transmitted photon can also be significantly different from the single-atom case. Many interesting physical phenomena can occur in this system such as the photonic band-gap effects, quantum entanglement generation, Fano-like interference, and superradiant effects. For engineering, this system may serve as a single-photon frequency filter, single-photon modulation, and may find important applications in quantum information.
Meta-Analysis of Vaginal Microbiome Data Provides New Insights Into Preterm Birth (2020)

Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as the birth of an infant before 37 weeks of gestational age. It is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, we present a comprehensive meta-analysis of vaginal microbiome in PTB. We integrated raw longitudinal 16S rRNA vaginal microbiome data from five independent studies across 3,201 samples and were able to gain new insights into the vaginal microbiome state in women who deliver preterm in comparison to those who deliver at term. We found that women who deliver prematurely show higher within-sample variance in vaginal microbiome abundance, with the most significant difference observed during the first trimester. Modeling the data longitudinally revealed a number of microbial genera as associated with PTB, including several that were previously known and two newly identified by this meta-analysis: <i>Olsenella</i> and <i>Clostridium sensu stricto</i>. New hypotheses emerging from this integrative analysis can lead to novel diagnostics to identify women who are at higher risk for PTB and potentially inform new therapeutic interventions.
Studies on the Zetapotential of Calcite/p-Sulfonato-calix[4,8]arenes (2011)

AbstractZeta potential of calixarenes has been reported for the first time. The water-soluble calixarenes has been used as dispersion media in solid/liquid interface. p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene (PSC4) and p-sulfonato-calix[8]arene (PSC8) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, mass spectrometry, and HPLC techniques. It was proved that the zeta potential is a fast and simple measurement to know the adsorption behavior of sufonato calixarnes on calcite. The chemisorption of p-sulfonato-calix[n]arene was confirmed by shift in iso electric point, adsorption studies and FTIR. The calculated free energy of adsorption value and its sign suggests the chemical interaction between the calcite surface and p-sulfonato calix[4]and[8]arene.Keywords: Chemisorptionparticle size distributionsurface areawater soluble calixareneszeta potential AcknowledgementsK. Chennakesavulu is grateful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi (India) for financial support. All of the authors are grateful to SAIF NMR Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (India), for providing the analytical data.
Specifying and Synthesizing Human-Robot Handovers (2019)

We present a controller for human-robot handovers that is automatically synthesized from high-level specifications in Signal Temporal Logic (STL). In contrast to existing controllers, this approach can provide formal guarantees on the timing of each of the handover phases. Using synthesis also allows end-users to specify and dynamically change the robot's behaviors using high-level requirements of goals and constraints rather than by tuning low-level controller parameters. We illustrate the proposed approach by replicating the behavior of existing handover strategies from the literature. We also identify specification parameters that are likely to lead to successful handovers using a public database of human-human handovers.
A minor population of splenic dendritic cells expressing CD19 mediates IDO-dependent T cell suppression via type I IFN signaling following B7 ligation (2005)

By ligating CD80/CD86 (B7) molecules, the synthetic immunomodulatory reagent CTLA4-Ig (soluble synthetic CTLA4 fusion protein) induces expression of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in some dendritic cells (DCs), which acquire potent T cell regulatory functions as a consequence. Here we show that this response occurred exclusively in a population of splenic DCs co-expressing the marker CD19. B7 ligation induced activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) in sorted CD19+, but not CD19(NEG), DCs. STAT1 activation occurred even when DCs lacked receptors for type II IFN (IFNgamma); however, STAT1 activation and IDO up-regulation were not observed when DCs lacked receptors for type I IFN (IFNalphabeta). Thus, IFNalpha, but not IFNgamma, signaling was essential for STAT1 activation and IDO up-regulation in CD19+ DCs following B7 ligation. Consistent with these findings, B7 ligation also induced sorted CD19+, but not CD19(NEG), DCs to express IFNalpha. Moreover, recombinant IFNalpha induced CD19+, but not CD19(NEG), DCs to mediate IDO-dependent T cell suppression, showing that IFNalpha signaling could substitute for upstream signals from B7. These data reveal that a minor population of splenic DCs expressing the CD19 marker is uniquely responsive to B7 ligation, and that IFNalpha-mediated STAT1 activation is an essential intermediary signaling pathway that promotes IDO induction in these DCs. Thus, CD19+ DCs may be a target for regulatory T cells expressing surface CTLA4, and may suppress T cell responses via induction of IDO.
Cell mediated immunity in American cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. (1985)

Cellular immune responses were studied in 35 Brazilian patients with either active cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), active mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), or healed cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mean age and duration of illness in the two groups were as follows: 14 CL patients, age 28 +/- 13 yr, disease 5 +/- mo; and 16 ML patients, age 34 +/- 15 yr, disease 86 +/- 117 mo. Patients with CL and ML responded well to leishmania antigen in blastogenesis assays. However, the response of ML patients was over three times greater than the response of CL patients. There was a significant correlation between the magnitude of the lymphoproliferative response and the duration of disease activity. There were no significant differences between CL and ML patients in terms of the following parameters: lymphoproliferative responsiveness to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen) and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations (T and B cells, oKT8+ and OKT4+ cells, OKT4:OKT8 ratio). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ML patients also generated interferon-gamma containing lymphokine in response to stimulation with leishmania antigen. This lymphokine was capable of inducing macrophages from ML patients to inhibit the intracellular multiplication of leishmania in vitro. These studies have determined that the parameters of lymphocyte and macrophage functions evaluated in ML and CL patients are comparable, except for an enhanced lymphoproliferative response, with leishmania antigen in ML patients. This later finding may be a function of the long duration of active disease in this population and unrelated to the pathogenesis of their mucosal lesions.
Human Rights: A New Standard of Civilization? (1998)

This is an edited text of the fifth John Vincent Memorial Lecture delivered at the University of Keele on 9 May 1997 in which Jack Donnelly attacks the still common scepticism about international human rights - although from an unorthodox angle.
Influence of precursor calcination temperature on sintering and conductivity of Li<sub>1.5</sub>Al<sub>0.5</sub>Ti<sub>1.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> ceramics (2018)

Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP) is the most promising electrolytes. LATP precursor was prepared by the co-precipitation method and calcined at 500–900°C to examine the influence of the calcination temperature on LATP pellets sintered at 1000°C. The calcination temperature exerted a large effect on the morphology of sintered LATP pellets, even though the sintering temperature was same for all the samples. Formation of voids was observed in the precursor powders calcined at 500, 600, 700, and 900°C, while no void was formed in the powder calcined at 800°C. The precursor powders calcined at low temperatures (500–700°C) were crystallized during sintering. This caused shrinkage of the particles, leading to the void formation. The precursor powder calcined at 900°C was more stable at the sintering temperature. Resulting in formation of porous pellets. These voids increase the grain-boundary resistance. As a result, the LATP pellets prepared from the precursor powder calcined at 800°C showed the highest conductivity (σtotal = 5.1 × 10−4 S cm−1) due to the relatively high crystallinity and stability of the precursor powder. It was concluded the calcination temperature applied to the precursor powders influences the properties of final sintered LATP pellets. The calcination temperature must thus be chosen carefully.
Calibration of Estimated BER from Error Vector Magnitude with Carrier Phase Recovery (2017)

This paper presents the estimation of bit error ratio (BER) from error vector magnitude (EVM) for the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation format with the Viterbi & Viterbi algorithm and differential decoding to compensate for laser phase noise. It is demonstrated analytically and through simulation that a calibration is necessary when using the established relationship between EVM and BER to take into account the implementation penalty associated with the carrier phase recovery algorithm. Simulation results using the proposed calibration technique are presented for different combined linewidth symbol duration product in a QPSK coherent system. The impact on the number of symbols used to estimate the BER from EVM analysis is also investigated and compared to error counting. An estimation with lower uncertainty is demonstrated to be achievable with EVM analysis compared to error counting for different number of symbols. Finally, the estimation of BER for a 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16- QAM) optical coherent system is investigated using the blind phase search algorithm for carrier phase recovery.
Symbiosis: the hand therapist--hand surgeon relationship. (1995)

I n nature, any two species that live together in a close relationship are said to be symbiotic. In a symbiotic relationship, one member always benefits. The other member may either be harmed (parasitism), unaffected (commensalism), or benefited (mutualism). The classic example of mutualism given in biology classes is the lichen, which is formed by the union of algae and fungi. Neither can exist without the other. For the context of this talk, I have chosen to define symbiosis this way: Either of the two members can exist and function alone, but each is made better or more productive by the other. In almost any human relationship you can imagine, symbiosis plays a role. We all need the help of others, and obviously the best relationships are those in which both parties benefit. I'd like to think that the relationship between hand therapists and hand surgeons has the potential to be one of the really great mutually beneficial symbioses in the human experience . It wasn't always like it is now. If you will permit me some personal recollections, I would like to tell you about my own experience in relating to therapists, because I think it will give you a better perspective as to how the therapist-surgeon relationship has evolved. You have to understand that I was an orthopaedic resident 30 years ago, and I don't mean to speak disparagingly of my teachers and mentors, whom I respect immensely. They just came
Radically grown obelisk-like ZnO arrays for perovskite solar cell fibers and fabrics through a mild solution process (2015)

Perovskite solar cell fibers and fabrics based on aligned ZnO nano-obelisks have been fabricated with efficiencies that are maintained after deformation.
The effect of propionyl L-carnitine on skeletal muscle metabolism in renal failure. (1997)

The effect of propionyl L-carnitine on skeletal muscle metabolism in chronic renal failure. Carnitine deficiency, resulting in defective oxidative ATP synthesis, has been implicated in the myopathy of chronic renal failure. Using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy we examined calf muscle metabolism in 10 dialysed patients before and after 8 weeks of propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) 2 g.p.o. daily. Resting phosphocreatine/ATP (4.41 +/- 0.20 [SEM]) decreased to normal control levels on PLC (3.98 +/- 0.14; controls 4.00 +/- 0.06). In contrast, there was no effect of PLC on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of muscle during or following 2-10 min exercise. The maximal calculated oxidative capacity (Qmax) remained below normal (28 +/- 3 mM/min before and 24 +/- 3 mM/min after PLC; controls 49 +/- 3 mM/min). Qmax correlated positively with hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) after PLC (p < 0.03). Oxidative capacity assessed by phosphocreatine recovery T significantly improved with PLC administration (0.93 +/- 0.1 to 0.74 +/- 0.08 min) in those patients (n = 6) with [Hb] > 10 g/dl. [Hb] was rate limiting to oxidative metabolism in recovery from exercise but only following treatment with PLC. Patients with anemia or those subjects who use relatively more non-oxidatively synthesized ATP during exercise, do not respond to PLC. Oxidative metabolism did not normalize on PLC suggesting that anemia and carnitine deficiency are not the only causes of mitochondrial dysfunction in renal failure.
Self-assembly of micro-parts using electrostatic forces and surface tension (2009)

This investigation regards self-assembly of parts by means of electrostatic forces and surface tension. Self-assembly is a rather novel technology to assemble and align small parts on a substrate without the help of additional machinery. Mainly, the state-of-the-art technologies for self-assembly rely on fundamental physical principles, such as surface tenisons, electrostatic forces or gravitational force. Future perspectives are integration of photonic devices and assembly of electronic micro-systems. The present publication discusses two different concepts. One has been described in the literature by third parties and involves the alignment of parts by utilising the surface tensions of small adhesive pads, which are selectively coated on hydrophobic alignment structures. Especially, how the layout of such alignment structures and their dimensions affect the process flow have been considered in the present investigation. The second concept is a novel approach to accomplish self-alignment of micro-structures with electrostatic attraction. Several complementary and electrically conductive micro-structured patterns serve as binding sites for the alignment in this approach. Since the fluidic medium is an adhesive in the presented experimental work it is conceivable to permanently bound the part to the substrate when the alignment has been accomplished. Firstly, modelling and computations have revealed the magnitude of the alignment forces, acting on parts, for these approaches. Secondly, self-assembly experiments have demonstrated their feasibility. For processes that utilise electrostatic forces the experimental work with a variety of binding sites with different shapes and sizes has revealed promising results. Parts, comprising 4.5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> structured square-shaped binding sites with a size of 10times10 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , were successfully self-aligned in experiments. Furthermore, parts with alignment structures with a size of 1000 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a surface area ratio of the alignment structures to the entire part of about 2% could be aligned successfully. The fact that only a small area of the part has to be covered with alignment structures is unique in comparison to related research. Finally, modelling and computations have approved that electrostatic forces can be considerably stronger than surface-tension-driven forces.
Visual surveillance system for monitoring of passenger flows at public transportation junctions (2005)

The goal of the presented project Junction Flow is the development of an innovative pilot system for automated passenger flow analysis. Most critical transportation junctions are monitored using image understanding from visual surveillance and AI based trajectory analysis. With this mobile and continuously employable transport telematics system, the transfer and change behaviour of passengers at transportation nodes within the public transport system is automatically gathered and analyzed. This allows to continuously determine current and accurate passenger flow data with little effort, either regularly, on short term notice or over long periods of time. While the corresponding project Junction Flow is in its early stages we provide a thorough overview on the conceptual framework of the system, describe the functional system architecture and both already implemented and targeted interpretation capabilities within a cognitive vision system controlling a distributed sensor network of surveillance cameras. The preliminary outline of the computer vision system demonstrates first experimental results with promising performance by applying an innovative methodology for passenger tracking for the analysis of passenger junction flows.
Mitigation of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis by TGF-β Induced Foxp3+ Regulatory T Lymphocytes through the Induction of Anergy and Infectious Tolerance (2008)

Stimulation of naive T lymphocytes in the presence of IL-2 and TGF-beta induces the regulatory transcription factor Foxp3, which endows the cells with regulatory functions. To better understand the properties and therapeutic potential of these induced regulatory T cells (iTreg), we examined their immunomodulatory properties in myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (MOG-EAE). Adoptively transferred iTreg were as potent as natural Foxp3+ Treg in preventing EAE development, and were active both prophylactically and after priming. The iTreg migrated into the CNS in quantity, skewing the ratio of regulatory to effector T lymphocytes. IL-10-/- iTreg failed to suppress disease, demonstrating a critical role for iTreg IL-10 production in their therapeutic activity. MOG-specific T cells from iTreg treated animals were anergic. The cells failed to proliferate in response to Ag except in the presence of exogenous IL-2, and did not secrete or secreted reduced amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-17. MOG-specific T cells were not wholly unresponsive though, as they did secrete IL-10 after stimulation. To determine whether iTreg-mediated tolerance was infectious, fostering the development of T lymphocytes that could independently suppress EAE, we purged draining lymph node cells from MOG-immunized, iTreg treated mice of the administered iTreg, and transferred the remaining cells to Ag-inexperienced mice. The transferred cells were able to block EAE development. Thus iTreg are highly potent suppressors of autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and act in an IL-10 dependent manner both through the induction of anergy in effector T cells and through the infectious induction of protective T lymphocytes able to independently suppress disease development.
Responses of peanut to Nano-calcium carbonate (2005)

Responses of peanut to Nano-Calcium Carbonate were studied through nutrient quartz-sand culture experiment in the greenhouse. In this paper, growth and development and physiological status of peanut was analysis and the effect of Nano-calcium on the uptake of Calcium fertilizer and N, P and K was discussed thoroughly. Luhua No. 4, a dominant peanut variety locally, was selected as the experimental material due to its comparative sensitivity to Calcium fertilizer. Major results were summarized as follows: 1) Applying Nano-CaCO_3 (coordinated) with humus acid and organic manures could improved the growth and development of peanut significantly compared with single application of nitric acid calcium. Branches, needles in the dust, leaf area and dry weight of peanut promoted markedly. 2) Applying Nano-CaCO_3 (coordinated) with humus acid and organic manures could ameliorate the physiological situation of peanut. Contents of soluble sugar and protein increased notably in the stems and leaves of peanut. 3) Nano-CaCO_3 combined humus acid could promote the absorbability of peanut to nutrient elements, such as calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash, compared with nitric acid calcium. The content of nutrients in shoot and root of peanut increased Ca by 0.72% and 0.32%, N by 1.3% and 0.43%, P by 0.08% and 0.04%, K by 0.49% and 0.01%, respectively.