gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Shape Models from a Level Set Perspective (2003)

Active shape models [5] is a popular technique to object extraction. To this end, one models the geometric form of the object of interest. Object extraction is then equivalent with seeking a linear/non-linear transformation that projects/deforms this geometric form to an image region with the desired visual properties. The denition of the image term is the most challenging component of such an approach. Level set methods [14] is a powerful optimization framework, that can be used to recover objects of interest by the propagation of curves. They can support complex topologies, considered in higher dimensions, are implicit, intrinsic and parameter free. Furthermore, one can introduce various image terms when seeking an object of particular form/visual properties. In this paper we re-visit active shape models and introduce a level set variant of them. Such an approach can account for prior shape knowledge quite eciently as well as use data/image terms of various form and complexity while being able to deal with important local deformations and changes of topology. Promising experimental results demonstrate the potential of our approach.
GHz-Bandwidth Optical Isolation Through Acoustic Pumping of a Nanophotonic Circuit (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate GHz bandwidth non-reciprocal light transmission using acoustic pumping of a nanophotonic circuit. Non-reciprocity is achieved through an indirect interband optical transition as a result of photoelastic perturbation caused by an acoustic wave.
Temperature Compensation Strategy for Holographic Storage (2006)

A strategy for finding the readout wavelength to compensate for temperature changes in holographic media is presented. Theory and experimental results for a 12 degC change at a data density of 95 Gbit/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are demonstrated
In vitro evolution of high-titer, virus-like vesicles containing a single structural protein (2014)

Self-propagating, infectious, virus-like vesicles (VLVs) are generated when an alphavirus RNA replicon expresses the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV G) as the only structural protein. The mechanism that generates these VLVs lacking a capsid protein has remained a mystery for over 20 years. We present evidence that VLVs arise from membrane-enveloped RNA replication factories (spherules) containing VSV G protein that are largely trapped on the cell surface. After extensive passaging, VLVs evolve to grow to high titers through acquisition of multiple point mutations in their nonstructural replicase proteins. We reconstituted these mutations into a plasmid-based system from which high-titer VLVs can be recovered. One of these mutations generates a late domain motif (PTAP) that is critical for high-titer VLV production. We propose a model in which the VLVs have evolved in vitro to exploit a cellular budding pathway that is hijacked by many enveloped viruses, allowing them to bud efficiently from the cell surface. Our results suggest a basic mechanism of propagation that may have been used by primitive RNA viruses lacking capsid proteins. Capsids may have evolved later to allow more efficient packaging of RNA, greater virus stability, and evasion of innate immunity.
A Demonstration of Haptic Retargeting (2016)

Manipulating a virtual object with appropriate passive haptic cues provides a satisfying sense of presence in virtual reality. However, scaling such experiences to support multiple virtual objects is a challenge as each one needs to be accompanied with a precisely-located haptic proxy object. We showcase a solution that overcomes this limitation by hacking human perception. Our framework for repurposing passive haptics, called haptic retargeting, leverages the dominance of vision when our senses conflict. With haptic retargeting, a single physical prop can provide passive haptics for multiple virtual objects. We introduce three approaches for dynamically aligning physical and virtual objects: body manipulation, world manipulation and a hybrid technique which combines both world and body manipulation. This demo has been presented previously at CHI 2016.
A novel planar polarizer feed network for dual circular polarization (2002)

We have developed a novel planar polarizer feed network utilizing quadrature hybrid circuits. This feed network allows dual circular polarization and has inherent isolation capability, its design is based on simple circuit modeling, and it can be tested independently. The feed network developed has been utilized to fabricate a 2/spl times/2 sequentially rotated linearly polarized Ku band element array for dual circular radiation, where an over-500 MHz band with less than 1.5 dB axial ratio has been demonstrated.
Automated methods for identification of bacteria from clinical specimens. (1980)

Automated methods for measuring enzyme activities of bacterial suspensions in saline are described. The methods were applied to bacteria cultured from urine specimens, and specific enzyme profiles characteristic for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Proteus sp, and Pseudomonas sp were established. Identification of 294 freshly isolated strains by automated and conventional methods were compared. Results from automated identification based on eight enzyme tests and assay of protein content, all performed on a bacterial suspension made from one colony in 1 ml of saline, agreed 100% with those obtained by conventional methods. Identification was achieved in 6 hours.
Potent and Selective Inhibitors of CDPK1 from <i>T. gondii</i> and <i>C. parvum</i> Based on a 5-Aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide Scaffold (2013)

5-Aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide was used as an alternative scaffold to substitute for the pyrazolopyrimidine of a known "bumped kinase inhibitor" to create selective inhibitors of calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 from both <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>. Compounds with low nanomolar inhibitory potencies against the target enzymes were obtained. The most selective inhibitors also exhibited submicromolar activities in <i>T. gondii</i> cell proliferation assays and were shown to be non-toxic to mammalian cells.
A Programmable Video Image Remapper (1988)

NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) has created the specifications for a new kind of image processing machine, a video-rate coordinate remapper. JSC has contracted with Texas Instruments for its detailed design and construction. Previous image processing machines for machine vision typically have done point operations without changing the geometry of the image. The JSC/TI Programmable Remapper offers complete flexibility in changing the coordinates of an input image at video rates. Presented here are the main capabilities and some of the applications of such a device.
An Integrated Slot-Based Frequency-Agile and UWB Multifunction MIMO Antenna System (2019)

This letter presents an integrated multiple-input- multiple-output (MIMO) antenna solution for cognitive radio (CR) front ends. The antenna consists of the four-element slot-line-based frequency-reconfigurable (FR) MIMO antenna integrated with a four-element half-annular slot-based ultrawideband (UWB) multifunction MIMO antenna system, printed on the same substrate. Each FR antenna element is loaded with a unique split-ring resonator to achieve multiband operation. A wide frequency sweep over multibands is achieved using one varactor diode per antenna element, thus covering 1.495-2.18, 3.35-4.08, and 4.15-4.49 GHz. The proposed multipurpose UWB antenna senses the spectrum from 1.48 to 4.56 GHz, as well as it can be utilized to serve as an UWB MIMO antenna system. The proposed antenna has planar and compact structure with total size of 200 × 150 × 0.76 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , thus is suitable to be used for tablet PC applications in secondgeneration CR platforms.
Intercalation of Silica in Smectite (1980)

Abstract Silica has been intercalated in swelling clays by hydrolysis and/or oxidation of tris(acetylacetonato)siIicon(IV) cations, Si(acac) 3 + , and polychlorosiloxanes, (-SiOCl 2 -) n , in the interla-mellar regions of the minerals. The Si(acac) 3 + ions have been placed on the interlamellar surfaces by ion exchange and by in situ reaction of the acetylacetone-solvated clays with SiCl 4 . The (-SiOCl 2 -) n polymers were formed in the interlayers by reaction of adsorbed benzaldehyde with SiCl 4 . The optimum (001) spacing observed after firing the clays in air at 500°C (12.6 Å) corresponds to the presence of a monolayer of siloxane chains. Nitrogen BET surface areas range from 40 to 240 m 2 /g, depending on the amount of internal surface covered by the intercalated silica. In some cases, highly ordered products were formed which exhibit four orders of (00ℓ) reflection. Interstratified products with d(001) values between 9.6 and 12.6 Å exhibit surface areas consistent with the presence of a random mixture of totally collapsed interlayers and interlayers containing siloxane monolayers. Attempts to achieve silica intercalation by hydrolysis of SiCl 4 in the clay interlayers were not productive.
An investigation of the electrochemical etching of (1990)

Results from an investigation of the electrochemical etching of silicon in KOH:H/sub 2/O and CsOH:H/sub 2/O solutions are presented. Current versus voltage (I-V) scans were performed on both n- and p-type silicon as a function of etchant concentration (20-60% by weight KOH and 25-70% by weight CsOH) and temperature (25-80 degrees C). Voltage scans were swept from potentials cathodic of the open-circuit potential (OCP) to potentials anodic of the passivation potential. The purpose of the I-V scans was to investigate systematically how varying etchant concentration and temperature affected the passivation potential and final passivation current density of n- and p-type silicon. The results of the I-V scans are used to help investigate conditions for optimizing the performance of three-electrode electrochemical etch stop on n/sup +/-p junction samples. A model is presented to describe the effect of reverse diode leakage on etch-stop performance which uses the previously measured electrochemical etching parameters. Experimental measurements of the etch stop are used to confirm the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of directly UV-written channel waveguides with simultaneously defined integral Bragg gratings (2002)

A new technique for UV direct writing of Bragg gratings in planar silica is presented. In this method the Bragg gratings and the channels are defined simultaneously, conferring advantages in flexibility of design and grating performance. Photosensitive germanium-doped silica-on-silicon produced by flame hydrolysis deposition was used.
Redirection of Antigen-Specific T Cells to Tumor Cells Using Nanoparticle-Based Antigen-Specific Redirectors (ATRs) (2014)

Abstract Immunotherapy is the modulation of a patient’s immune system to treat illness. Unfortunately many T cell based attempts have failed due to the fact that existing tumor-specific T cells are mostly anergic or tolerized and ex vivo generated T cells are often already of exhausted phenotype. Therefore, investigators have developed alternative approaches including bispecific antibody technology to redirect fully functional non-tumor specific T cells to the tumor. This has been primarily accomplished through targeting CD3 which is expressed on all T cells to engage and redirect them towards a molecule that is expressed on the tumor cells. Here we present a novel nanoparticle based approach to selectively target cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and re-direct them to kill tumors, termed ATR (Antigen-specific T cell Redirectors). ATR were generated by coupling either MHC-Ig dimer or clonotypic anti-TCR antibody 1B2 to target the effector T cell population and an anti-CD19 to re-direct those to CD19+ tumor target cells onto 50-100nm nanoparticles. Flow cytometry and microscope based data confirm that the described ATR phenotype efficiently and stably stain tumor and T cells in a dose dependent manner and ATR mediate antigen-specific conjugate formation of effector T cells and tumor target cells. We further developed two clinically relevant protocols to test and optimize our ATR in vitro. First a pre-treatment approach in which the effector T cells are pre-incubated with ATR mimicking an adoptive transfer approach and second a co-culture protocol that mimics an active immunotherapy approach of direct ATR injection. Antigen-specific ATR mediated re-direction of T cells to tumor target cells was demonstrated in 51Cr-release killing assays at low E:T ratios. Variation of ATR target-cell : effector-cell targeting molecule ratio could further increase efficacy. Finally, intra tumoral ATR injection induced T cell re-direction and reduced tumor growth in a s.c. Raji/SCIDbeige treatment model. In summary this data demonstrates that ATR target and redirect antigen-specific CTL to tumor cells that would otherwise not be recognized and mediates their lysis. ATR can be used to develop new innovative immunotherapeutic approaches for all cancers that can be targeted with antibodies or antibody-like molecules. Furthermore, ATR could also be used in conjunction with virus-specific immunization to specifically increase the targeted CTL population. Ultimately, we expect ATR and their potential for clinical applications to increase our understanding of tumor immunotherapy through T cell redirection. Disclosures Oelke: NextImmune: Equity Ownership. Schneck:NextImmune: Equity Ownership.
A novel digital x-ray topography system (2003)

X-ray topography (XRT) is recognized as being a powerful tool for directly imaging defects in single crystals, semiconductor wafers and epitaxially grown layers. The timely identification of defects can lead to increased yields and significant cost savings in wafer processing. The primary limitation to its general usage within the semiconductor community has been the difficulty in system use and difficulty in integration into an in-line analytical tool. We have developed a novel, high-speed digital XRT method that can be implemented on a standard high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) system equipped with a wafer translation stage and a microfocus tube (or a small aperture in front of a standard point source). It is also appropriate for an in-line fab tool with robot loading and automated operation. In this paper, we discuss the theory and present examples from work undertaken on a variety of materials, including: silicon, compound semiconductors and ionic crystals. Reflection and transmission methods are illustrated. Data were collected on a HRXRD system with a microfocus source and a CCD detector, and an innovative software integration and processing algorithm. Algorithms for full automation of the alignment, exposure and data collection processes have been worked out. It is estimated that the dedicated XRT tool now in prototype form will be capable of scanning a full 300 mm wafer in reflection in under two hours at 50 μm resolution and can achieve < 15 μm resolution.
Gene expression profiling to predict the prognosis of neuroblastoma and its application to a diagnostic microarray of clinical use (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4491 

Neuroblastoma (NBL) is an enigmatic tumor with heterogeneous clinical behaviors including maturation, regression, and aggressive growth. Recent progress in therapeutic strategies against advanced NBL has improved patient survival, however, their long-term outcomes are still poor. In addition, the intermediate risk group in advanced stages (i.e. stage 3 or 4 without MYCN amplification) has been difficult to predict its prognosis. In order to predict the prognosis of NBL patients efficiently and choose a better therapeutic protocol, we have developed an in-house, microceramic pump-based ink-jet-printed cDNA microarray carrying 5,340 genes obtained from primary NBL cDNA libraries and applied it for the expression profiling of 136 NBL tumors. A combination of ’weighted voting’ supervised machine learning and ’leave-two-out’ cross validation process has selected the 70 predictor gene set which showed its strongest power (with accuracy of approximately 89%, sensitivity of 87%, and specificity of 89%) to predict patient prognosis at 5-years after the diagnosis. Compared to the existing prognosis markers, the supervised microarray analysis showed the best sensitivity-specificity balance among the prognostic factors. We then constructed a probabilistic output ’posterior’ probability to indicate the reliability of each sample’s outcome prediction. Each posterior takes a real number between 0 and 1, and corresponds to the expected 5-year survival rate. When we divided samples by the posterior value of 0.5, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated 5-year survivals for 33% and 94% of patients with unfavorably and favorably predicted NBLs, respectively (p<10–5). Of clinical interest, the intermediate risk type of NBL, whose cumulative survival rate was 74%, was divided by our microarray into two subgroups with better (89%) and worse (36%) prognoses (p<10–5). Based on these results, we made a practical mini-chip carrying top-ranked 200 genes for clinical use, which gave a highly comparable result (88% of prediction accuracy) to that obtained from the 5,340 cDNA microarray in the independent test by using 50 additional samples. Further tests of the mini-chip diagnosis system are currently ongoing. Thus, our microarray system made its practical use feasible at the bedside to predict the prognosis of the patient with NBL. Our findings will provide a new strategy to find patients who need early intensive therapy.
Microwave catheter design (1998)

A microwave antenna system for transcatheter ablation of cardiac tissue is investigated. A numerical model based on the finite-difference time-domain method incorporating a Gaussian pulse excitation has been constructed and frequency domain electric and magnetic fields are obtained through Fourier transformation. Results are presented for a coaxial line fed monopole catheter which is modified by the successive inclusion of a Teflon sheath outer coating, a terminating disk at the tip of the antenna, a sleeve choke, and a high dielectric constant cylinder surrounding the monopole antenna. The effects of these design features are characterized in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR) and return loss (RL). Numerical calculations are confirmed by comparing with the RL measurement of a Teflon-coated monopole containing a disk and choke.
Broadband light absorber based on porous alumina structure covered with ultrathin iridium film (2017)

In this letter, we propose a broadband absorber with high efficiency by an atomic layer depositing nanometer iridium (Ir) film onto a porous anodic alumina (PAA) template. The average absorption is able to achieve as high as 93.4% from 400 to 1100 nm and the absorption efficiency can reach up to 96.8% for the improved structure of the quadrangular frustum pyramid array. Not only the hexagonal latticed structures of the PAA template but also many similar structures based on gratings or holes with the square latticed or other latticed mode can realize the broadband high absorption efficiency. The light absorbed within the Ir/Glass interface and the sidewalls of PAA by the light funneling effect both contribute to the broadband absorption with high efficiency. This absorber, described in this paper, can be manufactured with a low-cost and large-area manner and has potential applications in fields of light harvesting, imaging, etc.
Bi-Directional Nasal Delivery of Aerosols Can Prevent Lung Deposition (2004)

Nasal delivery of drugs and vaccines has important advantages compared to injection and oral administration, and is being considered for a widening range of vaccines and substances with topical and systemic action. Traditional nasal delivery technologies are, however, trapped in the dilemma between achieving improved nasal distribution and limiting deposition in the lower airways. The novel bi-directional nasal delivery concept takes advantage of the posterior connection between the nasal passages persisting when the soft palate automatically closes during oral exhalation. Exhalation into the delivery device triggers release of liquid or powder particles into an airflow, which enters one nostril via a sealing nozzle and exits through the other nostril. In a study of 16 healthy subjects using 99mTc labeled nebulized particles with a mean particle size of 3.5 µm, delivery with this novel concept showed no or minimal lung deposition (0.8 ± 2.0% (range –4.1% to 5.6%) for bi-directional delivery, whereas significant fractions were deposited in the lungs in all 16 subjects (mean 22.3 ± 8.1%, range 12.2–39.3%) following conventional nasal inhalation (p < 0.0005). In the latter case, the fraction deposited in the lungs correlated significantly (r2 = 0.47, p < 0.004) with the volume of the nasal passages. The bi-directional nasal delivery concept minimizes the risks and problems related to lung deposition occurring during conventional nasal inhalation from a nebulizer and opens up a new range of opportunities for nasal delivery of drugs and vaccines.
Neural Relation Extraction within and across Sentence Boundaries (2019)

Past work in relation extraction mostly focuses on binary relation between entity pairs within single sentence. Recently, the NLP community has gained interest in relation extraction in entity pairs spanning multiple sentences. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for this task: inter-sentential dependency-based neural networks (iDepNN). iDepNN models the shortest and augmented dependency paths via recurrent and recursive neural networks to extract relationships within (intra-) and across (inter-) sentence boundaries. Compared to SVM and neural network baselines, iDepNN is more robust to false positives in relationships spanning sentences. We evaluate our models on four datasets from newswire (MUC6) and medical (BioNLP shared task) domains that achieve state-of-the-art performance and show a better balance in precision and recall for inter-sentential relationships. We perform better than 11 teams participating in the BioNLP shared task 2016 and achieve a gain of 5.2% (0.587 vs 0.558) in F1 over the winning team. We also release the crosssentence annotations for MUC6.
Direct synthesis and inkjetting of silver nanocrystals toward printed electronics (2006)

Monolayer-protected silver nanoparticles were directly synthesized in a highly concentrated organic phase (>2 M) and then printed into conductive lines on polyimide by a drop-on-demand inkjet printer. The fully organic phase system contains silver nitrate as a silver precursor, n-butylamine as a media dissolving silver salt, dodecanoic acid as a capping molecule, toluene as a solvent, and sodium borohydride as a reducing reagent. Even using only generic chemicals, monodispersed silver nanocrystals with size of 7 nm were easily synthesized at the 100 g scale in a 1 litre reactor. Hydrocarbon monolayer-protected silver nanocrystal showed excellent dispersion stability even at metal content >70 wt%. The silver ink with metal content of 33 wt% had a viscosity of 5.4 cP and surface tension of 25 dyn cm−1. The silver ink was successfully inkjetted on variable substrates and then metallized at 250 °C. The metallized silver patterns exhibited very low specific electrical resistance (6 µΩ cm)
Balanced Decarboxylation of Aromatic Polyacids – A One‐Step Synthesis of Perylene‐3,4‐dicarboxylic Anhydride (1997)

Abstract Perylene‐3,4‐dicarboxylic anhydride ( 3 ) is prepared from technical grade perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic anhydride ( 1 ) in 25% yield by a partial decarboxylation reaction using noncondensing amines. Perylene‐3‐carboxylic acid ( 4 ) and perylene‐3,4‐dicarboxylic imide ( 5 ) are prepared in the same way in yields of 24% and 76%, respectively, by a variation of the reaction conditions.