gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Are Tubules Generated by the 3a Protein Necessary for Cucumber Mosaic Virus Movement? (1999)

The 3a movement protein of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), fused to the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (3a-GFP) generated surface punctate aggregates as well as tubules protruding from infected tobacco and Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. Fluorescent tubules also appeared on the surface of protoplasts prepared from transgenic tobacco plants expressing 3a-GFP, indicating that the 3a protein is the only viral component required for the formation of the tubules. CMV with a mutation in the gene encoding the 3a protein, M8 CMV, could infect tobacco systemically, but tubules were not detected protruding from infected protoplasts when the mutated 3a protein was fused to the GFP [(M8)3a-GFP]. This indicates that the ability of the 3a protein to generate tubules in the surface of protoplasts is not a function required for the spread of CMV in tobacco. On the other hand, the (M8)3a-GFP did not traffic through plasmodesmata interconnecting tobacco epidermal cells, in contrast to the wild-type 3a-GFP. This suggests that there may be a correlation between the ability of the 3a protein to assemble tubules in protoplasts and its ability to promote movement within certain tissues.
Surface Charging and Impulsive Ion Ejection during Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Ablation (2002)

We report time-resolved studies using femtosecond laser pulses, accompanied by model calculations, that illuminate the difference in the dynamics of ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of different materials. Dielectrics are strongly charged at the surface on the femtosecond time scale and undergo an impulsive Coulomb explosion. This is not seen from metals and semiconductors where the surface charge is effectively quenched.
Degradation of soluble VEGF receptor-1 by MMP-7 allows VEGF access to endothelial cells (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in endothelial cells serves a critical role in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Endothelial cells secrete soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1/sFlt-1), an endogenous VEGF inhibitor that sequesters VEGF and blocks its access to VEGF receptors. This raises the question of how VEGF passes through this endogenous VEGF trap to reach its membrane receptors on endothelial cells, a step required for VEGF-driven angiogenesis. Here, we show that matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) degrades human sVEGFR-1, which increases VEGF bioavailability around the endothelial cells. Using a tube formation assay, migration assay, and coimmunoprecipitation assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we show that the degradation of sVEGFR-1 by MMP-7 liberates the VEGF(165) isoform from sVEGFR-1. The presence of MMP-7 abrogates the inhibitory effect of sVEGFR-1 on VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 on HUVECs. These data suggest that VEGF escapes the sequestration by endothelial sVEGFR-1 and promotes angiogenesis in the presence of MMP-7.
Novel Bow-tie–AMC Combination for 5.8-GHz RFID Tags Usable With Metallic Objects (2010)

A novel combination of coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed double bow-tie slot antenna and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), which meets the requirements of a 5.8-GHz SHF RFID tag antenna usable on metallic objects, is presented. The manufactured prototype is characterized in terms of return loss, gain, and radiation pattern measurements in an anechoic chamber, both alone and on a metallic plate.
Single-user capabilities in interprocess communication (1988)

Many distributed operating systems use interprocess communication (IPC) and data transfer schemes which are optimised for a particular architecture: the workstation/server model. In this model, client processes have full control over data transfer. This paper argues that server controlled data transfer is better suited to systems with a hierarchy of servers distributed across a collection of machines. The system proposed integrates a set of IPC primitives, for the exchange of control information, and a capability system for secure data transfer.
실천공학 교육 방법론 : 유공압기초실습의 보완학습으로서 E러닝의 효과 (2010)

산업체가 필요로 하는 인력의 양성을 위하여 대학에서는 공학교육의 질을 향상시키는 다양한 노력이 이뤄지고 있다. 유공압기초실습은 그러한 노력의 일환인 공학교육 인증과목으로, 자동화가 요구되는 모든 산업 분야에서 폭넓게 사용되고 있는 공압기기의 구성과 원리를 이해하고, 전기시퀀스회로의 프로그래밍과 공압시스템의 응용 설계능력 배양을 교과목 목표로 하고 있다. 본 교과목은 주당 3시간의 수업을 통하여 이론과 실습을 병행해야 하는데 실제 학생들에게 많은 내용을 전달하기에는 시간적인 여유가 절대적으로 부족하다. 이로 인하여 단편적인 전문지식 전달 강의로 진행 될 수밖에 없으며 산업체와 연계된 교육 또한 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 이에 대한 해결방법으로 E러닝을 통한 보완학습을 제시하고 있다. 한 학기 동안 유공압기초실습 교과목의 오프라인 수업과 E러닝을 병행하고, 수업에 참여한 학생들을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 보완학습에 대한 효과를 분석하였다. 그리고 추후 필요한 연구에 대해서도 제시하였다.
ICDAR 2011 Book Structure Extraction Competition (2011)

In this paper, we summarize the 2nd Book Structure Extraction competition run at ICDAR 2011. Its goal is to evaluate and compare automatic techniques for deriving structure information from digitized books, which could then be used to aid navigation inside the books. More specifically, the task that participants are faced with is to construct hyper linked tables of contents for a collection of 1,000 digitized books. This paper reviews the setup of the competition, the book collection used in the task, and the measures used for the evaluation. It further presents the outcome of the competition: an additional ground truth of 513 book tables of contents, contributed by 6 institutions, and the result performance of the 4 participating research teams.
Compact polarizing beam splitter based on a metal-insulator-metal inserted into multimode interference coupler (2013)

We propose and analyze a compact polarizing beam splitter (PBS) based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure inserted into a multimode interference coupler (MMI). Owing to the MIM structure, the TE polarized state is reflected by the cut-off condition while the TM polarized state is transmitted by the surface plasmon polariton, and the two polarized states can thus be separated. In this paper, the dependence of the reflected TE and transmitted TM field intensities on the MIM length and the gap thickness has been studied systematically. The proposed PBS structure, with a total size of 4 × 0.7 × 44 µm(3) is designed with MIM length, gap thickness, and metal thickness of 0.6 µm, 0.5 µm, and 0.05 µm, respectively. In the designed PBS, the transmittance for the TM polarized light, reflectance for the TE polarized light, extinction ratio, and insertion losses of the TE and TM modes are obtained using a 3D finite-difference time-domain method to be 0.9, 0.88, 12.55 dB, and 1.1 dB and 0.9 dB, respectively. The designed PBS has a much shorter length, 44 µm, compared to previous PBS devices.
A novel multimeric IL15/IL15Rα-Fc complex to enhance cancer immunotherapy (2021)

The role of T cells in controlling human cancers is well known. Their success requires continued persistence in vivo and efficient trafficking to tumor sites, requirements shared by other effectors such as Natural Killer (NK) cells. To date, cytokine IL2 remains the only clinically approved cytokine therapy available to expand, maintain, and activate these effector lymphoid cells, but toxicities can be severe. Cytokine IL15 offers similar T cell proliferation and activation properties, but without the unwanted side-effects seen with IL2. Several IL15-cytokine fusion proteins have been developed to improve their in vivo function, typically exploiting the IL15Rα to complex with IL15, to extend serum half-life and increase affinity for IL15β receptor on immune cells. Here we describe a novel IL15 complex incorporating the full-length IL15Rα to complex with wild type IL15 to form spontaneous trimers of dimers (6 IL15 + 6 IL15Rα) during co-expression, resulting in a substantial increase in serum half-life and enhancement of in vivo cytokine effect on IgG or T cell engaging antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicities, when compared to alternative strategies.
The Assessment and Treatment of Nerve Dysfunction After Trauma Around the Elbow (2000)

Nerve dysfunction after trauma around the elbow can lead to significant long-term pain and functional deficit. Fortunately, most of these injuries are neurapraxias that will recover spontaneously after conservative treatment. The necessity and time frame for surgical intervention for specific patterns of nerve dysfunction remains controversial. Often surgical exploration exacerbates rather than alleviates the presenting nerve problem. Distal humeral shaft fractures, elbow dislocations, Monteggia fracture-dislocations, supracondylar fractures in children, and proximal forearm trauma all have been associated with various types of nerve injuries with a variable degree of recovery. The early recognition of nerve dysfunction combined with appropriate treatment measures is the key to successful outcome.
Mechanistic Basis of Using Body Size and Maturation to Predict Clearance in Humans (2009)

Growth and development are two major aspects of children not readily apparent in adults. Clearance in the paediatric population should be investigated using models that describe size, maturation and organ function influences. Size is the primary covariate and although lean body weight is argued as a better measure than total body weight, the use of different fractions of fat mass to explain how pharmacokinetic parameters vary with body composition has been proposed. Allometric scaling using an empiric power exponent of 3/4 is superior to scaling using body surface area. The sigmoid hyperbolic model has proven useful to describe maturation. An extra parameter that describes asymmetry can be incorporated into this model. These descriptors are used to illustrate creatinine, morphine and paracetamol clearance in children. Simultaneous investigation of pooled GFR, paracetamol and morphine data enabled testing for shared common features of maturation processes. Results suggest that GFR matures before paracetamol or morphine clearance, consistent with phase II conjugation processes that convert xenobiotics to water soluble forms that can subsequently be eliminated from the body through the renal system. The use of such mechanistic approaches improves understanding of paediatric pharmacokinetics; improving dosing predictions and allowing projection in exploratory drug development.
Nitric oxide formation <i>versus</i> scavenging: the red blood cell balancing act (2012)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key modulator of vascular homeostasis controlling critical functions related to blood flow, respiration, cell death and proliferation, and protecting the vasculature from pro-inflammatory and coagulative stresses. Inhibition of NO formation, and/or diversion of NO away from its physiological signalling targets lead to dysregulated NO bioavailability, a hallmark of numerous vascular and pulmonary diseases. Current concepts suggest that the balance between NO formation and NO scavenging is critical in disease development, with the corollary being that redressing the balance offers a target for therapeutic intervention. Evidence presented over the last two decades has seen red blood cells (RBCs) and haemoglobin specifically emerge as prominent effectors in this paradigm. In this symposium review article, we discuss recent insights into the mechanisms by which RBCs may modulate the balance between NO-formation and inhibition. We discuss how these mechanisms may become dysfunctional to cause disease, highlight key questions that remain, and discuss the potential impact of these insights on therapeutic opportunities.
4-IBP, a σ1 Receptor Agonist, Decreases the Migration of Human Cancer Cells, Including Glioblastoma Cells, In Vitro and Sensitizes Them In Vitro and In Vivo to Cytotoxic Insults of Proapoptotic and Proautophagic Drugs (2007)

Although the molecular function of sigma receptors has not been fully defined and the natural ligand(s) is still not known, there is increasing evidence that these receptors and their ligands might play a significant role in cancer biology. 4-(N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-iodobenzamide (4-IBP), a selective sigma1 agonist, has been used to investigate whether this compound is able to modify: 1) in vitro the migration and proliferation of human cancer cells; 2) in vitro the sensitivity of human glioblastoma cells to cytotoxic drugs; and 3) in vivo in orthotopic glioblastoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) models the survival of mice co-administered cytotoxic agents. 4-IBP has revealed weak antiproliferative effects on human U373-MG glioblastoma and C32 melanoma cells but induced marked concentration-dependent decreases in the growth of human A549 NSCLC and PC3 prostate cancer cells. The compound was also significantly antimigratory in all four cancer cell lines. This may result, at least in U373-MG cells, from modifications to the actin cytoskeleton. 4-IBP modified the sensitivity of U373-MG cells in vitro to proapoptotic lomustin and proautophagic temozolomide, and markedly decreased the expression of two proteins involved in drug resistance: glucosylceramide synthase and Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor. In vivo, 4-IBP increased the antitumor effects of temozolomide and irinotecan in immunodeficient mice that were orthotopically grafted with invasive cancer cells.
Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Octahedral Cages with Tunable Surface Aperture and Their Lithium Storage Properties (2009)

In this paper, single-crystalline Co3O4 hollow octahedral hollow cages with tunable surface aperture were synthesized by the carbon-assisted carbothermal method. On the basis of electron microscopic observation and structural analysis, all the following factors, including the precursor concentration, species of precursor, intrinsic crystal structure of products and carbon-assisted carbothermal reaction, play key roles in the formation of Co3O4 octahedral hollow structures. When the as-prepared Co3O4 samples were used as the anode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), it was found that the octahedral hollow cages with large surface aperture performed better than both those with small surface aperture and Co3O4 nanoparticles, indicating that not only the single-crystalline robust structure but also the tunable surface aperture in the shell could affect the electrochemical property in LIBs.
The execution pipeline of the Intel i486 CPU (2002)

The integer instruction execution pipeline of the Intel i486 processor is described. The performance of the i486 CPU in a system is related to several systems based on competitive reduced-instruction-set-computer (RISC) processors. The instruction pipeline was designed to execute instructions at a sustained rate of 1 clock per instruction. A key to achieving this rate was the integration of the cache into the pipeline. Another key was pipelining the instruction decoder into two stages to provide a sustained throughput of 1 instruction per clock, while decoding the complex instruction formats of the Intel 386 family architecture. An overview of the pipeline is provided by giving a brief description of each pipeline stage. Then several multiple instruction examples are given to illustrate some key properties of the pipeline.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electromagnetic Modeling for Microwave Imaging of Cylindrical Buried Inhomogeneities (1986)

Many diagnostic techniques in geophysics and civil engineering are based on the interaction of electromagnetic waves with objects buried in homogeneous or stratified media. Most of the investigations are concerned with the detection of buried objects, but a few papers have dealt with the problem of identifying the objects. The proposed method is based on the integral representation for a plane wave incident on a lossy half-space containing a cylindrical object of arbitrary cross section and electrical properties. The induced current distribution in the object is obtained from the backscattered field measurement in amplitude and phase. In order to improve the spatial resolution of the image, the scattered field is measured for different plane wave incidence and frequencies. Results of numerical simulations concerning the shape and size of the object for different values of soil electromagnetic parameters are presented in this paper.
AN EVALUATION OF REAL-TIME TRAFFIC-ADAPTIVE SIGNAL CONTROL PROTOTYPES (1997)

This paper focuses on RT-TRACS, a real-traffic adaptive control system, and the evaluation and implementation of the prototype strategies in the laboratory and in the field. The paper first presents a brief overview of RT-TRACS, Next, the newly developed control strategies are briefly summarized along with the methods of analyzing their performance, preliminary results, and a discussion for future field deployment and testing. Prior to the prototype discussion, a brief review of current traffic control technology is presented.
1030 nm high power polarization maintained fiber laser with narrow linewidth and near-diffraction-limited beam quality (2018)

A high power 1030 nm ytterbium-doped polarization maintained fiber laser with optimized parameters is presented in this paper. The master oscillator power amplifier system with counter-pumped amplifier is established. The output power is 900 W, along with a light-to-light efficiency of 64.2%. The amplified spontaneous emission suppression ratio of spectrum reaches to 40 dB with 3 dB linewidth of 0.14 nm. The polarization extinction ratio is 12 dB, and the beam quality factor is M<sup>2</sup><sub>x</sub>=1.07, M<sup>2</sup><sub>y</sub>=1.12. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of 1030 nm high power fiber laser with narrow linewidth, near linear polarization, and neardiffraction-limited beam quality
Supplementing female rats with DHA-lysophosphatidylcholine increases docosahexaenoic acid and acetylcholine contents in the brain and improves the memory and learning capabilities of the pups. (2009)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is supplied to the foetus and newborn through the mother from their own reserves and their diet. No consensus about the best form to supplement DHA has been established. We propose that DHAcontaining lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LPC), obtained from DHA-rich eggs may be a suitable form of DHA and choline (the precursor of acetylcholine) supplementation. We evaluated the effectiveness of DHA-LPC to increase DHA and acetylcholine concentration in the brain of pups born from female rats supplemented with DHA-LPC before and during pregnancy. We also evaluated the effect of DHA supplementation on learning and memory capabilities of pups through the Skinner test for operant conditioning. Female Wistar rats received 40-day supplementation of DHA-LPC (8 mg DHA/kg b.w/daily.), before and during pregnancy. After delivery, plasma, erythrocyte, liver, and adipose tissue DHA and plasma choline were analyzed. Brains from 60 day-old pups separated into frontal cortex, cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus, and occipital cortex, were assessed for DHA, acetylcholine, and acetylcholine transferase (CAT) activity. Pups were subjected to the Skinner box test. DHA-LPC supplementation produces higher choline and liver DHA contents in the mother’s plasma and increases the pups’ DHA and acetylcholine in the cerebellum and hippocampus. CAT was not modified by supplementation. The Skinner test shows that pups born from DHA-LPC supplemented mothers exhibit better scores of learning and memory than the controls. Conclusion: DHA-LPC may be an adequate form for DHA supplementation during the perinatal period.
Verification and implementation of software for dependable controllers (2010)

A method is described for modelling, verification and automatic generation of code for PLC controllers. The requirements for a controller are modelled using UML state machine diagram, with a formal semantics given by a finite state time machine. The model can automatically be converted into a timed automaton, embedded into a model of the environment (a controlled plant) and verified against safety requirements using UPPAAL – a free model checking tool for the networks of timed automata. The verified model can automatically be translated into a program code in one of the IEC 61131 languages, e.g., ladder diagram of structured text.
Development and Validation of the AmpFℓSTR<sup>®</sup> MiniFiler<sup>TM</sup> PCR Amplification Kit: A MiniSTR Multiplex for the Analysis of Degraded and/or PCR Inhibited DNA* (2008)

DNA typing of degraded DNA samples can be a challenging task when using the current commercially available multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) analysis kits. However, the ability to type degraded DNA specimens improves by redesigning current STR marker amplicons such that smaller sized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products are generated. In an effort to increase the amount of information derived from these types of DNA samples, the AmpFlSTR MiniFiler PCR Amplification Kit has been developed. The kit contains reagents for the amplification of eight miniSTRs which are the largest sized loci in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (D7S820, D13S317, D16S539, D21S11, D2S1338, D18S51, CSF1PO, and FGA). Five of these STR loci (D16S539, D21S11, D2S1338, D18S51, and FGA) also are some of the largest loci in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kit. This informative nine-locus multiplex, which includes the gender-identification locus Amelogenin, has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Our results demonstrate significant performance improvements in models of DNA degradation, PCR inhibition, and nonprobative samples when compared to the AmpFlSTR Identifiler and SGM Plus kits. These data support that the MiniFiler kit will increase the likelihood of obtaining additional STR information from forensic samples in situations in which standard STR chemistries fail to produce complete profiles.
Open Source Software Approach for Internet GIS and Its Application (2008)

Geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly being used for effective accessibility to spatial data. Due to technical complexity and high cost, communities lacking the expertise and resources cannot benefit from this technology. Open source software (OSS) offers the potential to solve these problems. At first this paper briefly reviews the OSS and open source GIS(OSGIS). Then an approach for developing Internet GIS using open source software is proposed. Issues involved in the development, including economic and technical, are discussed later. To demonstrate the approach a case study of Web-based mountain data sharing information system is presented. The presented case shows that development of Internet GIS based on OSS is feasible. It also provides a solution for internet GIS that is low cost and simple to implement.
Relationship between refractive indices and hydrogen concentration in proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides (1997)

Proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides (HxLi1−xNbO3) exhibit very complex structural behavior which is different from that known for their powders. Seven crystallographic phases have been identified in the HxLi1−xNbO3 layers. A method to determine the proton concentration in different phases has been proposed. Correlation between the crystal structure, hydrogen concentration, and the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices has been experimentally determined allowing one to explain some optical phenomena observed and to predict the characteristics of a great variety of proton exchanged waveguides.
A Nonprostanoid EP4 Receptor Selective Prostaglandin E2 Agonist Restores Bone Mass and Strength in Aged, Ovariectomized Rats (2006)

CP432 completely restored trabecular and cortical bone mass and strength in established osteopenic, aged OVX rats by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption on trabecular and cortical surfaces.