gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CIRCUIT FOR STUDYING THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS (1992)

Recent work on the synchronizing of chaotic systems raises the possibility of finding ways to apply chaos to real problems. Studying these applications requires that real physical systems be used, as well as mathematical models. There are no general rules for designing or building such physical systems. We present here a circuit that is useful for studying applications of synchronized chaotic systems and discuss some of the considerations that went into designing this circuit. We also show how this circuit is used for studying cascaded synchronized chaotic systems.
The Preparation and Characterization of Amphiphilic Star Block Copolymer Nano Micelles Using Silsesquioxane As the Core (2010)

Amphiphilic star-shaped block copolymers of poly(ε-caprolactone-star-N-isopropylacrylamide) were synthesized by using hydroxyl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as a core to initiate ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, followed by atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide. The sizes of the core and shell could be controlled through adjusting feed ratios of the reactants. The structure of the star block copolymers were confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR, 29SiNMR, and DSC. Nano micelles were formed by adding water to the copolymer solution (DMF). The critical water concentration for the formation of the micelles were determined by UV. The results of TEM and DLS showed that the micelles were well-defined three-dimensional spherical particles with an average diameter of 155 nm. A hydrophobic drug ibuprofen could be loaded on the micelles effectively, and the release behavior was temperature dependent.
Tm3+ doped tellurite glass for S band amplifiers (2001)

In the past, much effort has been devoted solely to the development of fiber amplifiers operating in the C(1530-1560nm) and L(1560-1610nm) bands based on Er-doped fiber amplifiers. However, with the rapid increase in data transmission, the demand for a larger bandwidth to handle a larger transmission capacity has become vital. We report on the spectroscopy and gain measurements in a thulium (Tm3+) doped tellurite glass for broadband amplification in the S band (1440-1530nm). The composition presented here is LTT: 25Li2O+5TiO2+70TeO2. Based on DTA measurement, the glass transition temperature of Tg is ~270°C and there is no apparent crystallization. The 1470nm fluorescence profile is independent of concentration and the full width at half maximum is ~106nm which is at least 30nm broader than that reported in fluoride ZBLAN glass. The 1470nm transition is ~97 % radiative, the effect of OH quenching is minor and the glass can accept large dopant levels. The 3H4-3F4 transition is self-terminating unless the lower 3F4 level is depopulated. Our results on a 2000ppm Tm3+-Ho3+ codoped LTT glass shows a 33% reduction in the lifetime of the 3F4 state without affecting the lifetime of the 3H4. It is estimated that a Ho3+ concentration of 10,000ppm is required. A multimode LTT fiber doped with 2000ppm of Tm3+ with a NA of ~0.45 and a core diameter of 40µm has been fabricated. The background loss is 3dB/m at 1µm. Gain measurements were performed in free space configuration using 800nm from a Ti:Sapphire laser as a pump source and a HP tunable laser diode between 1470nm and 1580nm as the signal source. The pump power incident on the fiber was ~1W uncorrected for coupling losses whilst the signal power was maintained at -55dBm. A 0.30m length fiber shows gain extending to a longer wavelength (1560nm) than that reported in ZBLAN. An average gain of 4dB was measured at 1470nm and the gain increases with pump power with a pump efficiency of ~3.5dB/W. The gain figure and pump efficiency will improve significantly in a single mode fiber.
Use of Evaporation for Heavy Oil Produced Water Treatment (2005)

Abstract Heavy oil recovery processes have traditionally used "once through" steam generators (OTSG) to produce high pressure steam for injection into geological formations containing heavy oil. The heat given up by the condensing steam fluidizes the heavy oil and allows the oil/water mixture to be brought to the surface. The oil is recovered as product and the water, referred to as produced water, is de-oiled and treated for feedwater to the OTSG. The typical treatment method for produced water is warm or hot lime softening (WLS or HLS), filtration, and weak acid cation exchange (WAC). An alternative method of produced water treatment is vertical tube, falling film, vapour compression evaporation. This method:eliminates physical-chemical produced water treatment;results in lower life cycle costs;does not produce any softener sludge for disposal;minimizes the number and volume of waste streams requiring disposal;requires fewer maintenance materials and less maintenance labour;reduces the required amount of produced water de-oiling equipment;dramatically increases OTSG feed water quality, improving OTSG reliability; and,provides increased system availability and reliability. For steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) processes, which require 100% quality steam, it has the added advantage of producing water of sufficient quality for use in standard packaged boilers in lieu of OTSG. Packaged boilers are less expensive than OTSG, produce a much smaller liquid blowdown stream, and result in a boiler feed system which is 20% smaller than that of an OTSG. Introduction Heavy oil recovery requires large volumes of water commensurate in volume to the production of oil that it yields. Water is used in the form of steam to heat the geological formations that hold the oil. The oil is fluidized by the condensing steam and the oil/water mixture is pumped to the surface. The oil and water are separated. The oil is recovered as product and the water, referred to as produced water, is de-oiled and treated for reuse in the steam generator. Traditionally, "once-through" steam generators (OTSG) have been used to produce 80% quality steam (80% vapour, 20% liquid) for injection into the well. A relatively new heavy oil recovery process, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), requires 100% quality steam to be injected into the well (i.e., no liquid water). To produce 100% quality steam using OTSG, a series of vapour-liquid separators are required to separate the liquid water from the steam. The 100% quality steam is then injected into the well. For both SAGD and non-SAGD applications, the produced water can generally be characterized as predominantly sodium chloride brine with high silica and minimal calcium and magnesium. High alkalinity, or carbonate, is present as well. The produced water generally contains about 4,000 mg/l total dissolved solids but can be much higher depending on the geological contribution. Dissolved and emulsified organics (oil) are present at a variety of levels, depending on the oil separation processes used.
Toward large-scale automated scoring of scientific visual models (2018)

Visual models of scientific concepts drawn by students afford expanded opportunities for showing their understanding beyond textual descriptions, but also introduce other elements characterized by artistic creativity and complexity. In this paper, we describe a standardized framework for evaluation of scientific visual models by human raters. This framework attempts to disentangle the interaction between the scientific modeling skills and artistic skills of representing real objects of students, and potentially provides a fair and valid way to assess understanding of scientific concepts e.g. structure and properties of Matter. Additionally, we report ongoing efforts to build automated assessment models based on the evaluation framework. Preliminary findings suggest the promise of such an automated approach.
Characterization of a Novel Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Against Ebola Virus GP (2015)

Ebola virus is the etiological agent of a severe hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate. As the only protein exposed on the surface of viral particles, the spike glycoprotein GP is the unique target for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. In this study, we demonstrate the strong neutralization capacity of the monoclonal antibody #3327 and characterize its activity. GP residues that are required for recognition and neutralization were found to be located both in the internal fusion loop and in the receptor-binding domain. Analysis of Ebola virus entry in the presence of #3327 allows us to hypothesize that this antibody binds to the virus particle before internalization and endosomal processing of GP and likely prevents the final viral fusion step. Importantly, #3327 is able to block entry of virions bearing GP that contain the Q508 escape mutation common to a number of virus-neutralizing antibodies, and therefore provides future perspectives for treatment strategies against Ebola virus infection.
Change detection using directional statistics (2016)

This paper addresses the task of change detection from noisy multivariate time-series data. One major feature of our approach is to leverage directional statistics as the noise-robust signature of time-series data. To capture major patterns, we introduce a regularized maximum likelihood equation for the von Mises-Fisher distribution, which simultaneously learns directional statistics and sample weights to filter out unwanted samples contaminated by the noise. We show that the optimization problem is reduced to the trust region subproblem in a certain limit, where global optimality is guaranteed. To evaluate the amount of changes, we introduce a novel distance measure on the Stiefel manifold. The method is validated with real-world data from an ore mining system.
Precision Marangoni-driven patterning (2014)

A Marangoni flow is shown to occur when a polymer film possessing a spatially-defined surface energy pattern is heated above its glass transition to the liquid state. This can be harnessed to rapidly manufacture polymer films possessing prescribed height profiles. To quantify and verify this phenomenon, a model is described here which accurately predicts the formation, growth, and eventual dissipation of topographical features. The model predictions, based on numerical solutions of equations governing thin film dynamics with a Marangoni stress, are quantitatively compared to experimental measurements of thin polystyrene films containing photochemically patterned surface energy gradients. Good agreement between the model and the data is achieved at temperatures between 120 and 140 °C for a comprehensive range of heating times using reasonable physical properties as parameter inputs. For example, thickness variations that measure 102% of the starting film thickness are achieved in only 12 minutes of heating at 140 °C, values that are predicted by the model are within 6% and 3 min, respectively. The photochemical pattern that directed this flow possessed only a 0.2 dyne cm(-1) variation in surface tension between exposed and unexposed regions. The physical insights from the validated model suggest promising strategies to maximize the aspect ratio of the topographical features and minimize the processing time necessary to develop them.
Surface Consistent Surface-Wave Inversion (2011)

A tomographic method (SWIPER) is used to invert surface-seismic data to estimate variable surfacewave properties. Surface consistency of multi-source, multi-receiver data is exploited to decompose the data in the frequency domain into frequency-dependent propagation (i.e., velocity and attenuation) effects and variable source- and receiver-coupling effects. The inversion can be performed for single modes (linear optimization) or simultaneously for multiple modes (nonlinear optimization). Including source- and receiver-coupling variations improves the ability to estimate velocity and attenuation. Further improvements in the estimation are made by constraining the parameters to be a smooth function of frequency. The estimated model parameters, such as velocity dispersion relations, can be used to predict the multi-mode ground roll and subtract it from the data with little damage to reflections or to invert for a near-surface depth model. The properties of the near-surface vary rapidly in both vertical and horizontal directions. Consequently, the behavior of ground roll also varies both with frequency and with position along the surface. Traditional methods of surface-wave analysis, such as the MASW, have limited resolution because they effectively average properties over the maximum source-toreceiver distance in the gather. For example, because slant stack sums over the traces in the gather, variability within the gather is averaged. Additional limitations arise from the difficulty in picking the maximum amplitudes in the transform domain because of limited velocity resolution, noise, and interference of multiple modes. Fully exploiting the multi-shot and multi-receiver aspect of 3-D surface seismic data allows the determination of variable surface-wave parameters within a fine grid of surface cells using direct-ray tomography. At the higher frequencies, however, multi-mode behavior and their interference must be included. Amplitude and phase effects are coupled and must be determined by a nonlinear optimization method. We show the ability to determine for a receiver-interval sized grid multi-mode velocity and attenuation parameters, which after horizontal smoothing match those determined with a beam-forming method.
Superplasticity and Characterization of TIMETAL<sup>®</sup>54M Sheets (2016)

TIMETAL ® 54M (Ti-5Al-4V-0.75Mo-0.5Fe) or Ti-54M is an alpha/beta titanium alloy developed by TIMET. Earlier technical publications have confirmed that laboratory scale Ti-54M sheets exhibit superior SPF capabilities compared to Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64), in terms of flow stress, temperature and strain rate. Various gauges of these sheets, ranging from 0.64mm to 4.57mm, were produced on a production scale using TIMET patented process. Coupon tests were performed in accordance to ASTM E2448 and the results confirmed that the SPF capability of these sheets at a temperature as low as 774°C, which is a significant cost benefit in the SPF fabrications. The present paper discussed basic properties of Ti-54M sheets along with SPF coupon tests results showing lower temperature superplasticity. The low temperature superplasticity of Ti-54M is due to the combined effect of alloying elements and finer primary alpha particle size.
M-ary orthogonal coded/balanced ultra-wideband transmitted-reference systems in multipath (2008)

A new M-ary orthogonal coded signaling is introduced to avoid the inter-frame interference that is especially detrimental to realizing high rate ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitted-reference (TR) systems. To further increase the information rate, the inter-pulse interference by an overlap of multipath-delayed pulses is controlled by integrating the signaling and a pair of balanced matched Alters in a joint manner, so as to permit a shorter time delay between the reference and data pulses in TR systems. To evaluate an achievable information rate increase relative to conventional TR, the symbol error probability (SEP) is theoretically derived for the proposed M-ary orthogonal coded/balanced TR system, considering the realistic IEEE standard UWB channel models. In addition, we consider the issue of receiver complexity and present two alternative low- complexity receiver implementations for the proposed TR system.
A photon-counting detector for exoplanet missions (2011)

This paper summarizes progress of a project to develop and advance the maturity of photon-counting detectors for NASA exoplanet missions. The project, funded by NASA ROSES TDEM program, uses a 256×256 pixel silicon Geigermode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD) array, bump-bonded to a silicon readout circuit. Each pixel independently registers the arrival of a photon and can be reset and ready for another photon within 100 ns. The pixel has built-in circuitry for counting photo-generated events. The readout circuit is multiplexed to read out the photon arrival events. The signal chain is inherently digital, allowing for noiseless transmission over long distances. The detector always operates in photon counting mode and is thus not susceptible to excess noise factor that afflicts other technologies. The architecture should be able to operate with shot-noise-limited performance up to extremely high flux levels, >10<sup>6</sup> photons/second/pixel, and deliver maximum signal-to-noise ratios on the order of thousands for higher fluxes. Its performance is expected to be maintained at a high level throughout mission lifetime in the presence of the expected radiation dose.
Interaction of Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein with TLR‐2: A preliminary study to understand the immunomodulation mechanisms that exert F. hepatica on the immune system (LB287) (2014)

In the last decade scientists have shown interest to the strong anti‐inflammatory role that exhibit some helminthes parasites. Fasciola hepatica , is able to induce long‐lasting chronic disease in the mammalian host associated to predominant Th2 responses, which is linked to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. For this purpose, parasite secrete and express on its surface a large number of proteins that are necessary for their metabolism, and, in addition, it has the ability to modulate the host’s immune response. One of these proteins is fatty acid binding protein (FABP), a protein family of 12kDa that play an essential role in the lipid metabolisms. Recently, our group demonstrated that FABP is able to block the inflammatory cytokine storm typically induced by LPS from Gram‐negative bacteria through the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4) and thereby is able to prevent the septic shock in mice. In this work, using HEK‐TLR2 and THP1‐Blue CD14 cells we demonstrated that FABP is also able to block the activation of TLR2 typically produced by specific TLR2‐ligand in a manner that is dose dependent. In addition, in all cases where cells were exposed to FABP prior stimulation with specific TLR2‐ligand the production of inflammatory and pro‐inflammatory cytokines resulted in significant suppression. These results demonstrate that FABP may have a suppressive effect on cells of immune system targeting multiple TLR pathways.
Evaluation of a Urea Bioelectrochemical System for Wastewater Treatment Processes (2014)

Due to the high cost of delivering supplies to space, the recovery of potable water from spacecraft wastewater is critical for life support of crewmembers in short- and long-term missions. It is estimated that in future long-term space missions, human wastes such as urine will contribute more than 50% of the total waste. Thus, we will demonstrate how unused components, such as urea, can be recovered and reused in wastewater recycling processes. In this system, a urea bioreactor (GAC-urease) converts urea to ammonia. Then, an electrochemical cell converts the ammonia to power. The combined system is referred to as the Urea Bioreactor Electrochemical (UBE) unit. The results of this research showed the feasibility of interfacing wastewater-recycling processes with bioelectrochemical systems to achieve water recycling while reusing useful resources. The UBE systems removed >80% of organic carbons and converted approximately 86% of the urea to ammonia. Therefore, the concept herein proposed has the potential to be used in water recycling applications with emphasis in contaminant recovery from wastewater for useful resources and energy.
Quasi-Lumped Element Bridged-T Absorptive Bandstop Filter (2016)

In this letter, we present a new absorptive bandstop filter topology that is capable of operating in the microwave regime (C-Band) and is capable of creating large attenuation using resonators which are comprised of printed circuit elements and surface mount elements. This particular topology allows for a high level of miniaturization when compared to transmission line realizations. Simulated and measured results are presented and show good correlation. We demonstrate a prototype absorptive bandstop filter that operates within the C-band, achieves > 50 dB of rejection, and has a total size of 7 mm × 8.2 mm.
Spectral Probabilities and Generating Functions of Tandem Mass Spectra: A Strike against Decoy Databases (2008)

A key problem in computational proteomics is distinguishing between correct and false peptide identifications. We argue that evaluating the error rates of peptide identifications is not unlike computing generating functions in combinatorics. We show that the generating functions and their derivatives ( spectral energy and spectral probability) represent new features of tandem mass spectra that, similarly to Delta-scores, significantly improve peptide identifications. Furthermore, the spectral probability provides a rigorous solution to the problem of computing statistical significance of spectral identifications. The spectral energy/probability approach improves the sensitivity-specificity tradeoff of existing MS/MS search tools, addresses the notoriously difficult problem of "one-hit-wonders" in mass spectrometry, and often eliminates the need for decoy database searches. We therefore argue that the generating function approach has the potential to increase the number of peptide identifications in MS/MS searches.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Renin: Properties and Applications (1987)

A series of 11 different monoclonal antibodies generated against human kidney renin have been characterised. Their binding affinity, inhibition of renin activity, epitope distribution, crossreactivity with related enzymes and finally in vivo pharmacological effects were analysed. All antibodies were found to be specific for primate renin recognising 6 independent antigenic structures on the renin molecule. They expressed different effects on renin activity namely (1) no inhibition, (2) only partial, or (3) complete inhibition. Partially inhibiting antibodies demonstrated specific degrees of inhibition (30, 60 or 80%). One antibody, R-36-16, demonstrated an IC 50 of 1.3 X 10(-11) M/L and, when injected into marmosets, induced complete inhibition of plasma renin activity and reduction of blood pressure. Using a selected pair of antibodies a radioimmunoassay has been established providing a fast and highly reproducible determination of human and marmoset immunoreactive renin, detecting both active and inactive renin down to concentrations of 10 pg/ml (1.25 X 10(-17) moles of renin per 50 microliter sample).
Enabling correct interest forwarding and retransmissions in a content centric network (2015)

We show that the mechanisms used in the name data networking (NDN) and the original content centric networking (CCN) architectures may not detect Interest loops, even if the network in which they operate is static and no faults occur. Furthermore, we show that no correct Interest forwarding strategy can be defined that allows Interest aggregation and attempts to detect Interest looping by identifying Interests uniquely. We introduce SIFAH (Strategy for Interest Forwarding and Aggregation with Hop-Counts), the first Interest forwarding strategy shown to be correct under any operational conditions of a content centric network. SIFAH operates by having forwarding information bases (FIBs) store the next hops and number of hops to named content, and by having each Interest state the name of the requested content and the hop count from the router forwarding an Interest to the content. We present the results of simulation experiments using the ndnSIM simulator comparing CCN and NDN with SIFAH. The results of these experiments illustrate the negative impact of undetected Interest looping when Interests are aggregated in CCN and NDN, and the performance advantages of using SIFAH.