gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Stiction-Failed MEMS Structures Using Laser-Induced Stress Waves (2004)

Stiction, or adhesion between suspended structures and the underlying surface, is a hurdle in batch fabricating long, freestanding MEMS structures. A novel technique is presented in this paper to release stiction. In this technique, a nanosecond rise time stress wave is launched on the backside of the Si substrate by impinging a 2.5 ns-duration Nd:YAG laser pulse onto a 3-mm-dia area. The compressive stress wave propagates through the Si substrate and arrives at the site of several stiction-failed cantilevers on the front Si surface. The compressive stress wave propagates through the cantilevered structures and is reflected into a tensile wave from their free surfaces. The returning tensile wave pries off the interface, releasing the cantilevers. The procedure is demonstrated on a MEMS chip with stiction-failed cantilevers with varying lengths from 100 /spl mu/m to 1000 /spl mu/m. The threshold laser energy to release stiction increased linearly with cantilever lengths. Beam recovery began at a laser fluence of 11 kJ/m/sup 2/ laser energy. 70% of the tested beams had been recovered after impingement with a fluence of 26 kJ/m/sup 2/. After the highest applied laser fluence of 40 kJ/m/sup 2/, 90% of the tested beams had been recovered. No damage to the structures or surrounding features was observed below 40 kJ/m/sup 2/. Because of rather low laser fluence, no thermal damage to the back surface of Si was noted. Since it literally takes few seconds to release stiction, the proposed technique can be implemented in MEMS foundry, and for repair of in-use stiction failed MEMS devices.
Interstitial ultrasound applicators for simultaneous thermoradiotherapy (1994)

This study presents the design and evaluation of ultrasound applicators for long-duration interstitial thermal therapy in conjunction with simultaneous Ir-192 radiation therapy. These “direct-coupled interstitial ultrasound applicators” (DCIUA's) are placed within the tumor or target region, with the coated transducers forming the outer wall of the implant catheter. Computer simulations, measurements, and in vivo thermal dosimetry experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach
Transfection of murine fibroblast cells with human cytidine deaminase cDNA confers resistance to cytosine arabinoside (1996)

One of the major limitations in the use of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in cancer chemotherapy is the hematopoietic toxicity produced by this nucleoside analog. One approach to overcome this problem would be to insert a gene for drug resistance to Ara-C in normal hematopoietic cells to protect them from drug toxicity. An interesting candidate gene for this aim is cytidine deaminase which catalyzes the deamination of Arac-C, resulting in a significant loss of its antineoplastic activity. We have ligated the human cDNA for cytidine deaminase into the plasmid vector pMFG. Transfection of NIH 3T3-derived GP + E86 murine fibroblasts cells with this vector resulted in a marked increase (> 50-fold) in the expression of cytidine deaminase. In addition, the transfected cells showed resistance to the cytotoxic action and to the inhibition of DNA synthesis produced by Ara-C. Northern and Western blot analysis of the transfected cells showed increased expression of mRNA for cytidine deaminase and increased immunologically detectable enzyme. The ability to confer drug resistance to Ara-C through gene transfer of cytidine deaminase may have the potential as a selectable marker and for the protection of the bone marrow from the toxicity produced by this analog so as to increase its effectiveness in cancer chemotherapy.
Proteomic based investigation of rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain NRRL B-30761 (2006)

We recently reported that a strain of the non-pathogenic bacterial species Pseudomonas chlororaphis was capable of producing the biosurfactant molecule, rhamnolipids. Previous to this report the organisms known to produce rhamnolipids were almost exclusively pathogens. The newly described P. chlororaphis strain produced rhamnolipids at room temperature in static minimal media, as opposed to previous reports of rhamnolipid production which occurred at elevated temperatures with mechanical agitation. The non-pathogenic nature and energy conserving production conditions make the P. chlororaphis strain an attractive candidate for commercial rhamnolipid production. However, little characterization of molecular/biochemical processes in P. chlororaphis have been reported. In order to achieve a greater understanding of the process by which P. chlororaphis produces rhamnolipids, a survey of proteins differentially expressed during rhamnolipid production was performed. Separation and measurement of the bacteria's proteome was achieved using Beckman Coulter's Proteome Lab PF2D packed column-based protein fractionation system. Statistical analysis of the data identified differentially expressed proteins and known orthologues of those proteins were identified using an AB 4700 Proteomics Analyzer mass spectrometer system. A list of proteins differentially expressed by P. chlororaphis strain NRRL B-30761 during rhamnolipid production was generated, and confirmed through a repetition of the entire separation process.
Development and Evaluation of Environmental Barrier Coatings for Si-Based Ceramics (2004)

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are being developed for silicon carbide (SiC) based composites and monolithic silicon nitride (Si3N4) to protect against the accelerated oxidation and subsequent silica volatilization in high temperature, high-pressure steam environments encountered in gas turbine engines. While EBCs for silicon carbide (EBCSiC) have been demonstrated in combustor liner applications, efforts are ongoing in the development of EBC systems for silicon nitride (EBCSiN). The challenges of adapting EBCSiC to monolithic Si3N4 are discussed in this paper. Progress in the area of EBCSiN including development and performance during field tests and tests simulating engine conditions are reviewed.
Enhanced surface acoustic wave atomization via amplitude modulation (2012)

Recent developments in the miniature chip-based microfludic nebulization platform utilizing surface acoustic wave (SAW) atomizer for inhalation therapy offers distinct advantages over other conventional nebulizers. Such efficient hand-held nebulizer system also requires the optimization of the usage of available power systems in the simplest manner. Here, amplitude modulation (AM) is presented as a simple yet effective means of optimizing the power requirement. SAWs are nano meter order amplitude acoustic waves that originate as a result of the application of an alternating current onto a pair of single-phase unidirectional transducers patterned on a piezoelectric substrate. The effect of the AM at modulation frequencies of 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 5 kHz, 10 kHz, 20kHz and 40 kHz sinusoidal signals, on shear-sensitive biomolecules such as plasmid DNA and antibody molecules are shown to be minimal. Energy savings of around 40% can be obtained with more efficient atomization achieved with AM less than 10 kHz. Together with these advantages, AM having little effect of the mean aerosol diameter; particularly important when therapies are to be targeted for the deep lung regions, holds great promise for its use in the SAW nebulizers for non-invasive inhalation therapy. Acknowledgements are dedicated to Asthma Foundation Victoria (Australia).
A 1.3GHz 350mW hybrid direct digital frequency synhesizer in 90 nm CMOS (2009)

This paper presents a low power hybrid direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) with a maximum operating frequency of 1.3GHz fabricated in 90nm CMOS. The proposed hybrid design extends the resolution of the nonlinear DAC by adding a linear slope component to the sine approximation via an additional linear DAC. With an 11-bit combined DAC, this DDFS produces a minimum SFDR of 52dBc up to Nyquist at 1.3GHz while dissipating only 350mW and occupying 2mm2 including pads. The FOM of this chip is measured at 1207.9GHz2ENOB/W.
Identification, characterization and field testing of <i>Brassica napus</i> mutants producing high‐oleic oils (2018)

Producing healthy, high-oleic oils and eliminating trans-fatty acids from foods are two goals that can be addressed by reducing activity of the oleate desaturase, FAD2, in oilseeds. However, it is essential to understand the consequences of reducing FAD2 activity on the metabolism, cell biology and physiology of oilseed crop plants. Here, we translate knowledge from studies of fad2 mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to investigate the limits of non-GMO approaches to maximize oleic acid in the seed oil of canola (Brassica napus), a species that expresses three active FAD2 isozymes. A series of hypomorphic and null mutations in the FAD2.A5 isoform were characterized in yeast (Saccharomyes cerevisiae). Then, four of these were combined with null mutations in the other two isozymes, FAD2.C5 and FAD2.C1. The resulting mutant lines contained 71-87% oleic acid in their seed oil, compared with 62% in wild-type controls. All the mutant lines grew well in a greenhouse, but in field experiments we observed a clear demarcation in plant performance. Mutant lines containing less than 80% oleate in the seed oil were indistinguishable from wild-type controls in growth parameters and seed oil content. By contrast, lines with more than 80% oleate in the seed oil had significantly lower seedling establishment and vigor, delayed flowering and reduced plant height at maturity. These lines also had 7-11% reductions in seed oil content. Our results extend understanding of the B. napusFAD2 isozymes and define the practical limit to increasing oil oleate content in this crop species.
Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Prevents Mucosal Damage in an Experimental Rat Model of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion (2000)

In this study, the efficacy of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) was assessed in a rat model of chronic otitis media with effusion. BPI injection prevented disturbance of the mucociliary clearance system of the middle ear. Hence, it is postulated that BPI can be a new therapy for chronic otitis media with effusion.
Investigation of a Reflective Counter-Propagating Holographic Setup (2009)

A reflective counter-propagating holographic setup for optical data storage is presented. The system makes efficient use of the laser light by using the reference beam to generate the signal beam. After passing through the holographic medium, the reference beam is sent onto a spatial light modulator that directs the modified reference beam back into the holographic medium, where it interferes with the original reference beam. Thus 100% of the available laser power can be used for the reference beam. Furthermore, a special random phase mask and a corresponding data page format are introduced. The phase mask has an improved alignment tolerance of ±0.5 pixels in contrast to a conventional binary phase mask that has a tolerance of only ±0.1 pixels. Moreover, the mask still improves the shift-selectivity and eliminates the strong intensity peak in the Fourier plane. We investigate the shift selectivity and compare experimental and simulated results that were obtained with a two-dimensional fast-Fourier-transform (2D-FFT) volume integral method.
[2.2]Paracyclophane-based monophosphine ligand for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides (2009)

A new [2.2]paracyclophane-based electron-rich and sterically bulky monophosphine ligand has been synthesized by an efficient and straightforward method. When combined with palladium, this ligand shows excellent performance in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of various aryl chlorides. In both types of reactions, ortho-substituted, deactivated aryl chlorides are shown to be viable substrates. However, the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling appears to be easier, with palladium loading at 0.1 mol% being feasible.
Facile fabrication of robust superhydrophobic surfaces: comparative investigation (2016)

Comparison of eight simple but robust superhydrophobic coatings in a wide space of parameters, helpful for planning correct experiments.
Chemistry of Photothermographic Imaging Materials. II (1999)

The structural investigation is reported of the reactions between components utilized in photothermographic imaging systems, including toners, developers and silver with potential ligands such as triphenylphosphine, tribromomethylsulfonylbenzothiazole and 2-mercapto-benzimidazole. Depending on the complexing agent and silver counterion, various forms of silver complexes can be isolated and characterized. This report demonstrates the interactions, and characterizes the new compounds formed between various components in the photothermographic materials with emphasis on the ormulation containing silver carboxylate, the toner system comprising phthalazine and phthalic acid and phenolic type developers.
Fiber Bragg gratings with various chirp profiles made in etched tapers (1996)

We have studied, both theoretically and experimentally, fiber Bragg gratings with a number of different chirp profiles. These chirp profiles can easily be achieved by a recently demonstrated technique involving a taper of desired profile etched into the cladding of a fiber. The performances of gratings with linear, quadratic, periodically modulated, and step-chirp profiles are analyzed numerically. The versatility of the technique was demonstrated when linearly and quadratically chirped gratings were made as examples of continuous chirp, and gratings with step chirps were made as examples of discontinuously chirped structures.
Constrained resolved acceleration control for humanoids (2010)

Resolved acceleration control is a well-known strategy used in tracking control of robotic systems where the desired motion is specified in task-space. Typically, such controllers are developed for systems which exhibit redundancy with respect to execution of operational tasks. While redundancy fundamentally adds new capabilities (self-motion and subtask performance capability), the degree to which secondary objectives can be faithfully executed cannot be determined in advance unless the motion is planned and the environment is known. Therefore, execution of secondary objectives cannot be guaranteed. In fact, a robot which exhibits redundancy with respect to operational tasks may have insufficient degrees of freedom to fulfill more critical objectives such as enforcing constraints. In this paper, we present a generalized constrained resolved acceleration control framework to handle execution of operational tasks and constraints for redundant and non-redundant task (and constraint) specifications. The approach is particularly well suited for online control of complex robot structures such as humanoid robots. The current formulation considers joint limit and collision constraints. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulated experiments of task level upper-body human motion replication on the Honda humanoid robot.
Laser alignment system for high-quality portable radiography. (1992)

In portable radiography, image quality is degraded by scattered radiation. Use of an accurately aligned, antiscatter grid can provide consistently high image quality, but the necessary precision for grid alignment is difficult to achieve with conventional techniques. The authors developed a simple laser alignment method for bedside radiography. A compact laser device is mounted on the collimator housing of a mobile radiography machine, so that the laser beam is precisely parallel to the central x-ray beam. A small reflector device, which attaches to the edge of the grid cassette, indicates beam centering and alignment in a clear, intuitive way. In clinical use, the laser alignment technique provided uniformly high image quality, equivalent to that of fixed equipment. The system has the advantages of being simple to use and inexpensive to implement with existing equipment.
Walk-in Theater: Interaction Design for a Miniature Experience with Peripatetic Cinema (2016)

Walk-in Theater is a portable virtual cinema for the display of spatially distributed multichannel movies (“walkies”). The miniature experience engages participants’ proprioceptors and spatial memory, allowing them to orient themselves as they navigate a field of scattered video streams and localized sounds reproduced on a handheld computing device. Departing from one-way linear cinema played on a single rectangular screen, this multichannel virtual environment pursues a cinematic paradigm that undoes habitual ways of framing things, employing architectural concepts in a polylinear-video polyphonic-sound construction to create a kind of experience that lets the world reveal itself and permits discovery on the part of beholders. Interaction design for Walk-in Theater supports approaches to cinematic construction that employ the ambulatory, multiple and simultaneous viewpoints that humans exercise in everyday life.
ChemInform Abstract: DIACYLIUM CATIONS FROM TETRAHALOTEREPHTHALIC ACIDS AND THEIR ELECTROPHILIC REACTIVITY (1975)

Abstract Die Halogenterephthalsäuren (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren in flüssigem Schwefeldioxid mit SO 3 zu den Diacylium‐Verbindungen (II), die mit Methanol oder Sulfaminsäure zu (III) bzw. (IV) reagieren.
A metabolic engineering strategy for producing conjugated linoleic acids using the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (2017)

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) have been found to have beneficial effects on human health when used as dietary supplements. However, their availability is limited because pure, chemistry-based production is expensive, and biology-based fermentation methods can only create small quantities. In an effort to enhance microbial production of CLAs, four genetically modified strains of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica were generated. These mutants presented various genetic modifications, including the elimination of β-oxidation (pox1-6∆), the inability to store lipids as triglycerides (dga1∆ dga2∆ are1∆ lro1∆), and the overexpression of the Y. lipolytica ∆12-desaturase gene (YlFAD2) under the control of the constitutive pTEF promoter. All strains received two copies of the pTEF-oPAI or pPOX-oPAI expression cassettes; PAI encodes linoleic acid isomerase in Propionibacterium acnes. The strains were cultured in neosynthesis or bioconversion medium in flasks or a bioreactor. The strain combining the three modifications mentioned above showed the best results: when it was grown in neosynthesis medium in a flask, CLAs represented 6.5% of total fatty acids and in bioconversion medium in a bioreactor, and CLA content reached 302 mg/L. In a previous study, a CLA degradation rate of 117 mg/L/h was observed in bioconversion medium. Here, by eliminating β-oxidation, we achieved a much lower rate of 1.8 mg/L/h.
yesHIV Impairs Reverse Cholesterol Transport from Macrophages: A Possible Mechanism of Atherogenic Effect of HIV-1 Infection (2005)

Both asymptomatic HIV-1 infection and AIDS are consistently associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The accumulation of cholesterol-loaded 'foam cells' (macrophages) in the walls of arteries is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection of macrophages leads to impairment of apoA-I-dependent cholesterol efflux, accumulation of cholesterol and formation of foam cells. This effect is mediated by the HIV-1 protein Nef. Transfection of RAW cells with the Nef-expressing plasmid resulted in reduction of efflux and cholesterol accumulation. Nef impaired activity of ABCA1, the main transporter of cholesterol to apoA-I. The role of HIV-infected macrophages in atherosclerosis was supported by the presence of HIVpositive foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques of HIVinfected patients. These results suggest a mechanism by which HIV-infected macrophages may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005
Failure Analysis and Test Solutions for Low-Power SRAMs (2011)

Low-power SRAMs embed power gating facilities for reducing power consumption. Power gating is applied using power switches for controlling the supply voltage applied to the memory cells i.e. one or more memory blocks can be disconnected from the power supply during a long time of inactivity, thus reducing the power consumption. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis on the impact that defective power switches impose on the behavior of SRAM core-cells. Furthermore, we propose efficient test solutions to detect such faulty behaviors.
Chemical cross-linking of arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid peptides to an adhesion receptor on platelets. (1988)

A chemical cross-linking approach has been used to characterize the interaction of platelets with small peptides of 7 and 14 residues containing the arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence recognized by a variety of cellular adhesion receptors. The radioiodinated peptides were bound to platelets, and chemical cross-linking was attained by subsequent addition of bifunctional reagents. Three different cross-linking reagents coupled the RGD-containing peptides to platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa), and both subunits of this platelet membrane glycoprotein became radiolabeled with the RGD peptides. Platelet stimulation with agonists including thrombin, phorbol myristrate acetate, and ADP increased the extent of cross-linking by predominantly enhancing the coupling of the RGD peptides to the GPIIIa subunit. Cross-linking of the labeled RGD peptides to GPIIb and GPIIIa on stimulated and nonstimulated platelets exhibited structural specificity and was inhibited by excess nonlabeled RGD peptides. The interactions were inhibited by nonlabeled RGD peptides and a peptide with an amino acid sequence corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of the gamma chain of fibrinogen but less effectively by an arginyl-glycyl-glutamic acid peptide. Cross-linking of the RGD peptides to GPIIb-IIIa was divalent ion-dependent and, on stimulated platelets, was inhibited by the adhesive proteins fibrinogen and fibronectin, but not by albumin. These results indicate that the RGD-binding sites on platelets reside in close proximity to both subunits of GPIIb-IIIa and that platelet stimulation alters the topography of these sites such that the peptides become more efficiently cross-linked to GPIIIa.
Silicon monolithic acousto-optic modulator (2010)

This paper reports on the co-fabrication of RF MEMS radial contour mode resonators and photonic whispering gallery mode disk resonators on the same SOI substrate. By mechanically coupling the MEMS and photonic resonators, we have demonstrated a silicon acousto-optic modulator (AOM) which can modulate a 1550 nm laser at 288 MHz. An output RF power of -83.7 dBm is observed corresponding to a modulation of ±415 nW around a biased optical output of 3.98 ¿W. The AOM has a footprint of 50 ¿m × 30 ¿m and bandwidth of 24.2 kHz in vacuum due to a high mechanical quality factor (Q) of 11,890.