gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in attenuation counterpropagating optical phase-locked loops for high-dynamic-range radio frequency photonic links (2014)

In order to achieve small size, light weight, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, it is desirable to replace bulky coaxial cables with optical fiber in advanced radar front-ends. Such applications require a large dynamic range that is beyond the reach of conventional intensity modulation–direct detection fiber-optic links. A coherent fiber-optic link employing an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) phase demodulator has been proposed as a solution to this problem. The challenge is the practical realization of the OPLL demodulator that satisfies the stringent loop delay requirement. A novel attenuation counterpropagating (ACP) OPLL concept has been proposed and demonstrated as a solution. In this paper we review the recent progress in realizing chip-scale ACP-OPLL devices. In particular, we focus on the latest measurement results achieved using a hybrid integrated ACP-OPLL, as well as the design and performance potential of a monolithically integrated ACP-OPLL photonic integrated circuit.
Fast Face-swap Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

We consider the problem of face swapping in images, where an input identity is transformed into a target identity while preserving pose, facial expression, and lighting. To perform this mapping, we use convolutional neural networks trained to capture the appearance of the target identity from an unstructured collection of his/her photographs.This approach is enabled by framing the face swapping problem in terms of style transfer, where the goal is to render an image in the style of another one. Building on recent advances in this area, we devise a new loss function that enables the network to produce highly photorealistic results. By combining neural networks with simple pre- and post-processing steps, we aim at making face swap work in real-time with no input from the user.
A heuristic search method of adaptive interpolation filters in motion compensated predictive video coding (2003)

The paper studies the fractional pixel based motion compensation for video coding where fractional pixels are generated by filtering with adaptive interpolation filters. The design of adaptive filters is formulated as an optimization problem where the prediction error is minimized for each individual frame. A heuristic search method is introduced to obtain an optimized filter with high efficiency and accuracy. Performance of the method is analyzed and examined through simulations. The new filter design method saves up to 75% computation time while retaining coding efficiency equivalent to state-of-the-art methods reported in the literature.
Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine Manufactured by a Modified Process (2017)

RV5mp enhances storage requirements while maintaining the immunogenicity and safety profile of the currently licensed RV5. A vaccine that is stable at room temperature may be more convenient for vaccinators, particularly in places where the cold chain is unreliable, and ultimately will permit more widespread use.
Measurements of laser light attenuation following cryogen spray cooling spurt termination (2003)

For the typical clinical use of a 30 milliseconds spurt duration and 30 milliseconds delay between spurt termination and delivery of the laser pulse, a minimum average transmittance value of approximately 97% was measured.
A Universal Denoising and Peak Picking Algorithm for LC−MS Based on Matched Filtration in the Chromatographic Time Domain (2003)

A new denoising and peak picking algorithm (MEND, matched filtration with experimental noise determination) for analysis of LC-MS data is described. The algorithm minimizes both random and chemical noise in order to determine MS peaks corresponding to sample components. Noise characteristics in the data set are experimentally determined and used for efficient denoising. MEND is shown to enable low-intensity peaks to be detected, thus providing additional useful information for sample analysis. The process of denoising, performed in the chromatographic time domain, does not distort peak shapes in the m/z domain, allowing accurate determination of MS peak centroids, including low-intensity peaks. MEND has been applied to denoising of LC-MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-ESI-TOF-MS data for tryptic digests of protein mixtures. MEND is shown to suppress chemical and random noise and baseline fluctuations, as well as filter out false peaks originating from the matrix (MALDI) or mobile phase (ESI). In addition, MEND is shown to be effective for protein expression analysis by allowing selection of a large number of differentially expressed ICAT pairs, due to increased signal-to-noise ratio and mass accuracy.
Closed loop compensation of kinematic error in harmonic drives for precision control applications (2003)

Harmonic drives are widely used in precision positioning applications because of their unique advantages including near zero backlash, high gear reduction and small weight. However, precision positioning is made difficult by inherent error that exists between input and output, known as kinematic error. The latter is difficult to compensate for because of its nonlinear periodic behavior and dependence on drive type, assembly, and environmental conditions. We present nonlinear PD-type control algorithms to compensate for the kinematic error independent of its form. Dynamic simulation and experimental regulation and tracking results obtained with a dedicated harmonic drive test setup demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed control strategies.
In‐Process Particle Size Distribution Measurements and Control (1995)

Abstract In‐process measurement of particle size and concentration distributions provides continuous analysis, quality control, and optimization of product yield. As process production rates continue to improve, the delay between laboratory analysis and process correction of the product stream becomes more significant and costly in many commercial applications. Elimination of sample handling and operator manipulation is now possible for most pneumatic flows using optical methods which are properly interfaced with the process stream. Insitec has developed such an instrument based on ensemble laser‐diffraction that has been successfully applied to a wide range of research and industrial process applications. As part of the adaptation of instrumentation to the specific needs of different process applications, we have developed several different interface arrangements, including a direct inline system and an eductor bypass instrument. A specific window purge design has been developed and shown to operate for extended time periods (exceeding one month and more) without maintenance. To address the wide range of operating concentrations that occur in practice, a variable pathlength interface has been developed along with a deconvolution algorithm that corrects multiple scattering effects for light transmissions down to 20%. Distribution update rates are computed and displayed in less than 5 seconds. This methodology is described along with measurements in a non‐steady pharmaceutical powder processing application. Results show uniform size measurement for ten‐fold concentration variations. Real time measurements allowed diagnosis and correction of non‐steady feed rates to a classifier‐mill.
Organic Synthesis and Improved Biological Properties of Modified mRNA Cap Analogs (2010)

The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of modified dinucleotide cap analogs and their useful biological and therapeutic applications. Dinucleoside 5-5-triphosphates fulfill numerous regulatory, signaling, or energetic functions (mRNA metabolism- synthesis, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, translation, silencing, and turnover) in biological systems. In this context, we highlight the recent studies on the improvement in the design, synthesis and biological application of chemically synthesized cap analogs. The 5- terminus of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules contain a unique cap structure: 7-methylguanosine (m7G) linked by a 5-5- triphosphate bridge to the first nucleoside in the standard polymer chain. This 5-cap is recognized by numerous enzymes involved in the transport and translation of mRNA, as well as its processing, both in terms of generating mature mRNA from the initial transcript and its mRNA turnover. These chemically modified cap analogs are mostly anti-reverse cap analogs (ARCA) variants that result in a forward oriented cap structure after their incorporation into mRNA. The recent chemical modifications on 7-methylguanosine (m7G) either at 2 or 3 hydroxyl group with – OCH3, -fluoro, -2 or 3 deoxy G, conformationaly constrained cap modifications such as -2, 3 isopropyledene or LNA substitutions, and triphosphate bridge modifications are discussed along with their biological significance. Due to their relevance in biological processes, the 5-capped mRNA poly(A) with modified dinucleotide analogs have attracted considerable interest in biotechnology. This review focuses on the recent development of synthetic dinucleotide cap analogs, which are widely employed as tools for studying physiological processes as well as ARCA capped mRNAs potential use in clinical applications are discussed.
Discovery and Subsequent Confirmation of Novel Serum Biomarkers Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

These results suggest novel serum AD diagnostic biomarkers can be found using this approach.
VII.K.8 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2005)

Objectives The main research tasks of the project are to develop materials and cell components and to optimize operating conditions of direct methanol fuel cells for maximum power density and fuel conversion efficiency at a minimum cost. Individual objectives include: • Design and optimize membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) for enhanced direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance. • Advance electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction to increase power density and lower total precious metal loading. • Characterize and optimize non-Nafion® polymers with reduced crossover and improved performance. • Model, design and demonstrate advanced cell components. • Identify main routes of cell performance degradation and improve cell (stack) performance durability. • Collaborate with fuel cell industry on efficient system integration and technology transfer to facilitate commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells.
In Vitro Simulations of Peritoneal Dialysis: A Systematic Approach to Demonstrating Isonatric Contraction with Sodium Dextran Sulfate (1981)

Two sodium dextran sulfates (DS) were investigated as possible osmotic agents for use in peritoneal dialysis using an in vitro model. Initial studies with a medium molecular weight DS (Mn = 4.000) showed that sodium clearances were higher than water clearances and that both are linear functions of the concentration of polymer. In another series of studies using a low molecular weight DS (Mn = 5,000), it was found that sodium clearances decrease linearly as sodium chloride (NaCL) is added to the initial dialysate solution with only a slight increase in ultrafiltration. By plotting sodium clearances and water clearances as functions of added NaCl at constant polymer concentration, the point at which sodium clearance and water clearances are equal can be determined and, at that point, isonatric contraction can be demonstrated in the vitro model.
<i>COS-1</i>, a putative two-component histidine kinase of<i>Candida albicans</i>, is an<i>in vivo</i>virulence factor (2001)

The human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, has three putative histidine kinases showing homology to those of plants, bacteria and other fungi. We have constructed a homozygous deletion strain and a hemizygous reconstituted strain of one of these histidine-kinase-encoding genes, COS-1, in C. albicans. Neither strain showed any growth defect in a number of liquid media nor increased resistance or sensitivity to a number of antifungal drugs. Importantly, we show that the COS-1 homozygous disruption strain had significantly reduced virulence in a systemic murine model of candidosis. Thus, COS-1 appears to be an in vivo virulence factor and may represent a novel target for the development of antifungal drugs.
A Blue Excitable Charge-Transfer Fluorescent Probe and Its Fluorogenic Derivative (1998)

Structural modification of the highly fluorescent donor-bridge-acceptor molecule “Fluoroprobe” (FP) is shown to extend the excitation window to longer wavelengths. The resulting “Fluorotrope” (FT) shows appreciable absorption in the 350-420-nm range, so that visible (blue) light can be used for excitation. Further functionalization with a maleimide group results in the novel fluorogenic reagent MaleimidoFluorotrope (MFT) which yields fluorescent adducts with amines, thiols and other reactive groups that add to the double bond of the maleimide. The fluorescence wavelength of these adducts is extremely sensitive to the polarity and mobility of the medium.
Development of Imaging System for Online Detection of Chicken Meat with Wooden Breast Condition (2022)

In recent years, the wooden breast condition has emerged as a major meat quality defect in the poultry industry worldwide. Broiler pectoralis major muscle with the wooden breast condition is characterized by hardness upon human palpation, which can lead to decrease in meat value or even reduced consumer acceptance. The current method of wooden breast detection involves a visual and/or tactile evaluation. In this paper, we present a sideview imaging system for online detection of chicken breast fillets affected by the wooden breast condition. The system can measure a physical deformation (bending) of an individual chicken-breast fillet through high-speed imaging at about 200 frames per second and custom image processing techniques. The developed image processing algorithm shows the over 95% classification performance in detecting wooden breast fillets.
Characterization of New Cationic <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethyl[70]fulleropyrrolidinium Iodide Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitors (2016)

HIV-1 maturation can be impaired by altering protease (PR) activity, the structure of the Gag-Pol substrate, or the molecular interactions of viral structural proteins. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of new cationic N,N-dimethyl[70]fulleropyrrolidinium iodide derivatives that inhibit more than 99% of HIV-1 infectivity at low micromolar concentrations. Analysis of the HIV-1 life cycle indicated that these compounds inhibit viral maturation by impairing Gag and Gag-Pol processing. Importantly, fullerene derivatives 2a-c did not inhibit in vitro PR activity and strongly interacted with HIV immature capsid protein in pull-down experiments. Furthermore, these compounds potently blocked infectivity of viruses harboring mutant PR that are resistant to multiple PR inhibitors or mutant Gag proteins that confer resistance to the maturation inhibitor Bevirimat. Collectively, our studies indicate fullerene derivatives 2a-c as potent and novel HIV-1 maturation inhibitors.
Therapeutic potential of epidermal growth factor receptor–related protein (2006)

To the Editor: 

The importance of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family in the etiology and progression of human cancer is underscored by the fact that both EGFR and ERBB2 are molecular targets for the development of new cancer therapies, including monoclonal antibodies (e.g.,
Biophotonics: Bio‐Inspired Band‐Gap Tunable Elastic Optical Multilayer Fibers (Adv. Mater. 15/2013) (2013)

The back cover illustrates band-gap tunable bioinspired photonic fibers created by Peter Vukusic, Mathias Kolle, and co-workers on page 2239 that incorporate the structural key elements responsible for a tropical fruit's bright coloration. In the foreground a rendering of a gradually strained, colorchanging fiber is winding around another real fiber. The background features the cells in the fruit's skin.
MILLIMETER WAVE SENSOR FOR FAR-FIELD STANDOFF VIBROMETRY (2009)

Current state‐of‐the‐art in remote vibrometry is based predominantly on optical technology. Although these systems allow measurement of displacement with high degree of precision, they suffer from known limitations of optics including sensitivity to atmospheric conditions and surface scattering. We have developed a millimeter wave (MMW) counterpart of an optical vibrometer for the detection of acoustic signatures from common man‐made structures and at far‐field standoff distances. This compact W‐band system employs solid‐state active and passive components. The comparative studies carried out to date have demonstrated the advantages of the MMW sensor over commercial laser vibrometers with regard to detection range, ease of alignment, and reduced sensitivity to surface condition of the target. Although the system was intended initially for national security applications, it is expected that this technology will be useful for a wide range of applications including structural health monitoring, nondestructive examination of dielectric materials, and for biomedical sensing. Preliminary results are presented on the use of the MMW sensor for standoff detection of biometric signals.
An asymptotically constant, linearly bounded methodology for the statistical simulation of analog circuits including component mismatch effects (2000)

This paper presents a new statistical methodology to simulate the effect of both inter-die and intra-die variation on the electrical performance of analog integrated circuits. The main feature of this methodology is that it accounts for device mismatch by using a number of variables that is asymptotically constant in the limit of perfectly matching devices, and is typically close to the number of independent process factors normally used to account for inter-die process variations only. A unified model of process variation allows the effects of each source of variation and their joint impact to be estimated, thus providing designers more accurate analysis and variance optimization capability. State-of-the-art application examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this approach.
Ultra-broad band glass for short pulsed laser applications (2016)

Sensitized luminescence from rare-earths resulting from coupling interactions is utilized to develop a new laser glass capable of emitting into a broad spectrum. Emission characteristics are evaluated in detail and direct pumped laser performance is demonstrated.
Discovery of <i>N</i>-(5-Fluoropyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-5-yloxy)picolinamide (VU0424238): A Novel Negative Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Selected for Clinical Evaluation (2017)

Preclinical evidence in support of the potential utility of mGlu<sub>5</sub> NAMs for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders is extensive, and multiple such molecules have entered clinical trials. Despite some promising results from clinical studies, no small molecule mGlu<sub>5</sub> NAM has yet to reach market. Here we present the discovery and evaluation of N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-5-yloxy)picolinamide (27, VU0424238), a compound selected for clinical evaluation. Compound 27 is more than 900-fold selective for mGlu<sub>5</sub> versus the other mGlu receptors, and binding studies established a K<sub>i</sub> value of 4.4 nM at a known allosteric binding site. Compound 27 had a clearance of 19.3 and 15.5 mL/min/kg in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. Imaging studies using a known mGlu<sub>5</sub> PET ligand demonstrated 50% receptor occupancy at an oral dose of 0.8 mg/kg in rats and an intravenous dose of 0.06 mg/kg in baboons.
Biophysical activity of an artificial surfactant containing an analogue of surfactant protein (SP)-C and native SP-B (1999)

Natural surfactant preparations containing phospholipids and the hydrophobic surfactant proteins B and C (SP-B and SP-C) are effective in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. The limited supply, and the risk of infectious agents and immunological reactions have promoted the evaluation of synthetic peptides in surfactant preparations. However, the folding of synthetic SP-C into an alpha-helix is inefficient and alpha-helical SP-C analogues with Val-->Leu substitutions form oligomers. In order to circumvent these problems we have synthesized an SP-C analogue, named SP-C(LKS), which differs from SP-C mainly by the exchange of most of the Val residues in positions 16-28 with Leu residues to promote an alpha-helical conformation, and by the introduction of Lys residues at positions 17, 22 and 27 in order to locate positive charges around the helical circumference and thereby avoid self polymerization. CD spectroscopy showed a spectrum typical for alpha-helical peptides and SDS/PAGE disclosed a single band. The biophysical activity of artificial surfactant preparations containing SP-C(LKS) and phospholipids, with and without native SP-B, was measured using a Wilhelmy balance and a pulsating bubble surfactometer. SP-C(LKS) (3%, w/w) in a mixture of 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC)/phosphatidylglycerol/palmitic acid (68:22:9, by wt.) suspended in 150 mM NaCl, showed rapid spreading at the air-liquid interface and produced a surface tension of <1 mN/m at minimum bubble size (gammamin) and 42 mN/m at maximum bubble size (gammamax) in the pulsating bubble surfactometer. The addition of 2% (w/w) SP-B to the preparation reduced the maximum surface tension to 33-35 mN/m, i.e. both gammamin and gammamax values were similar to those of natural surfactant preparations. Optimal in vitro characteristics were also obtained from a preparation containing SP-C(LKS), SP-B, DPPC and phosphatidylglycerol, i.e. when palmitic acid was omitted from the lipid mixture. SP-B containing surfactant preparations made up in Hepes buffer at pH 6.9, instead of in 150 mM NaCl, had similar biophysical activity provided that palmitic acid was omitted, but decreased activity in the presence of palmitic acid.
Plasma Characterization of Hall Thruster with Active and Passive Segmented Electrodes (2002)

Non-emissive electrodes and ceramic spacers placed along the Hall thruster channel are shown to affect the plasma potential distribution and the thruster operation.These effects are associated with physical properties of the electrode material and depend on the electrode configuration, geometry and the magnetic field distribution.An emissive segmented electrode was able to maintain thruster operation by supplying an additional electron flux to sustain the plasma discharge between the anode and cathode neutralizer.These results indicate the possibility of new configurations for segmented electrode Hall thruster.
On the average performance of caching and coded multicasting with random demands (2014)

For a network with one sender, n receivers (users) and m possible messages (files), caching side information at the users allows to satisfy arbitrary simultaneous demands by sending a common (multicast) coded message. In the worst-case demand setting, explicit deterministic and random caching strategies and explicit linear coding schemes have been shown to be order optimal. In this work, we consider the same scenario where the user demands are random i.i.d., according to a Zipf popularity distribution. In this case, we pose the problem in terms of the minimum average number of equivalent message transmissions. We present a novel decentralized random caching placement and a coded delivery scheme which are shown to achieve order-optimal performance. As a matter of fact, this is the first order-optimal result for the caching and coded multicasting problem in the case of random demands.