gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rhizobial Strategies to Enhance Symbiotic Interactions: Rhizobitoxine and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase (2004)

Nitrogen-fixing nodules are formed as a result of a series of interactions between rhizobia and leguminous plants. Bradyrhizobium elkanii produces rhizobitoxine, an enol-ether amino acid, which has been regarded as a phytotoxin because it causes chlorosis in soybeans. However, recent studies have revealed that rhizobitoxine plays a positive role in establishing symbiosis between B. elkanii and host legumes: rhizobitoxine enhances the nodulation process and nodulation competitiveness by inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis in host roots. In addition, the gene for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase was recently found in some rhizobia, such as Mesorhizobium loti, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium sp. ACC deaminase also facilitates symbiosis by decreasing ethylene levels in host roots. The cumulative evidence reveals general strategies by which rhizobia produce an inhibitor and an enzyme to decrease ethylene levels in host roots and thereby enhance nodulation. In this review, we compare these strategies and discuss how they function and have evolved in terms of genetics, biochemistry, and ecology. These rhizobial strategies might be utilized as tools in agriculture and biotechnology.
An Investigation Into the Temperature Stability of a Guided Wave Structural Health Monitoring System Using Permanently Attached Sensors (2007)

When testing complex structures using a deployable guided wave system, the measured signals are often far too complex to directly interpret without a priori knowledge of the geometry of the structure. However, in a structural health monitoring (SHM) scenario, the sensors are permanently attached to the structure and so changes in the system can be monitored by comparison to an earlier baseline measurement, taken when the structure was undamaged. This paper investigates such a system for the SHM of plate-like structures using guided waves. The basis of the system is a distributed array of permanently attached piezoelectric guided wave transducers where pairs of transducers are used in pitch-catch configuration allowing the detection and localization of damage in the plate. It has been observed that the use of a single baseline measurement suffers in the medium to long-term due to the variation of environmental conditions. A key parameter in the instability is the change in the temperature of the test structure. A method of using a database of baselines, termed optimal baseline subtraction (OBS), is described and applied to an experimental SHM system. The objective of this paper is to investigate the suitability and robustness of OBS under varying rates of temperature change and its use in the localization of damage. Results have shown that through the OBS an improvement of up to 20 dB in signal-to-coherent noise ratio may be achieved compared with single baseline subtraction
Molecular bacteriology: a diagnostic tool for the millennium (2000)

From a practical viewpoint, clinical bacteriology can be subdivided into three main activities. First and foremost is detection, isolation, and identification of pathogens. This is usually achieved by culture of specimens on specific media in defined conditions, accompanied by microscopy and tests of biochemical activity of an isolate. Second is the determination of antibiotic susceptibility, and occasionally, strain markers of clinical relevance—for example, serotypes, toxins, and so on. The third activity is epidemiological identification or comparison of isolates of the same species for infection control or population analysis. This has, until recently, been the preserve of the reference laboratory but devolution of increasingly complex techniques to diagnostic settings is gathering pace. In this article we review some areas in which molecular techniques are being applied for laboratory diagnosis and we examine developments in two basic strategies for test development and the technology required for their delivery to the laboratory bench.

It can be argued that for acute bacterial infections, the clinical laboratory provides solely confirmation or denial of a clinical diagnosis, because in many cases treatment of the patient will already have begun. Most bacteriological reports are generated at least 48 hours after the receipt of the specimen. This delay largely reflects the staining and microscopy of the specimen and the growth of the organism in pure culture. The limitations of microscopy and culture include poor sensitivity of staining methods; uncultivable, slow growing, or fastidious bacteria; and the potential hazard to staff of handling highly dangerous pathogens. Other conventional methods such as antibody or antigen detection may suffer from false positive or false negative reactions, cross reactions, background titres, and non-specificity. Despite these drawbacks, conventional methods continue to serve the diagnosis of infectious diseases well, but there is considerable room for novel molecular approaches.

Nucleic acid techniques for detection and …
CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING DOMINANT COLOR, TEXTURE AND SHAPE (2011)

In these days people are interested in using digital images. So the size of the image database is increasing enormously. Lot of interest is paid to find images in the database. There is a great need for developing an efficient technique for finding the images. In order to find an image, image has to be represented with certain features. Color, texture and shape are three important visual features of an image. In this paper we propose an efficient image retrieval technique which uses dynamic dominant color, texture and shape features of an image. An image is uniformly divided into 8 coarse partitions as a first step. After the above coarse partition, the centroid of each partition (“color Bin” in MPEG-7) is selected as its dominant color. Texture of an image is obtained by using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Color and texture features are normalized. Shape information is captured in terms of edge images computed using Gradient Vector Flow fields. Invariant moments are then used to record the shape features. The combination of the color and texture features of an image in conjunction with the shape features provide a robust feature set for image retrieval.Weighted Euclidean distance of color, texture and shape features is used in retrieving the similar images. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated with the results.
Development of the Risø wind turbine airfoils (2004)

Abstract This paper presents the wind turbine airfoil development at Risø. The design method is described together with our target characteristics for wind turbine airfoils. The use of the CFD code Ellipsys2D for prediction of final target characteristics is described together with the VELUX wind tunnel testing setup. Three airfoil families were developed; Risø‐A1, Risø‐P and Risø‐B1. The Risø‐A1 airfoil family was developed for rotors of 600 kW and larger. Wind tunnel testing and field testing showed that this airfoil family is well suited for stall and active stall control. However, sensitivity to roughness was higher than expected. Field tests of a 600 kW active stall wind turbine showed an estimated reduction in blade fatigue loading of up to 15% at the same annual energy yield and at the same time reduced blade weight and blade solidity. The Risø‐P airfoils were developed to replace the Risø‐A1 airfoils for use on pitch controlled wind turbines. Improved design objectives should reduce the sensitivity to roughness, but measurements are not yet available. The Risø‐B1 airfoil family was developed for variable speed operation with pitch control of large megawatt sized rotors. Wind tunnel testing verified the high maximum lift for these airfoils, and the airfoils were found to be very insensitive to leading edge roughness. Performance with vortex generators and Gurney flaps in combination was found to be attractive for the blade root part. Field testing of a 1·5 MW rotor is in progress. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Performance 45-nm SOI Technology with Enhanced Strain, Porous Low-k BEOL, and Immersion Lithography (2006)

We present a 45-nm SOI CMOS technology that features: i) aggressive ground-rule (GR) scaling enabled by 1.2NA/193nm immersion lithography, ii) high-performance FET response enabled by the integration of multiple advanced strain and activation techniques, iii) a functional SRAM with cell size of 0.37μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and iv) a porous low-k (k=2.4) dielectric for minimized back-end wiring delay. The list of FET-specific performance elements includes enhanced dual-stress liner (DSL), advanced eSiGe, stress memorization (SMT), and advanced anneal (AA). The resulting PFET/NFET Idsat values, at Vdd of 1.0V and 45nm GR gate pitch, are 840μA/μm and 1240μA/μm respectively. The global wiring delay achieved with k=2.4 reflects a 20% reduction compared to k=3.0.
Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (2001)

Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem. Vertebral fractures are the most common fracture in patients with osteoporosis, occurring in approximately 750,000 cases each year. The fractures may cause acute or chronic pain, reduce the quality of life, and shorten life expectancy. Several medications are available that reduce the risk of fracture. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty (balloon-inflated expansion of collapsed vertebrae followed by injection of bone cement) may reduce or relieve pain in selected patients. Although surgery is rarely necessary for the management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, it may be indicated for other reasons. No studies have been conducted to determine if the outcome of spinal fusion is different in patients with osteoporosis and, if it is, whether management of the patient's osteoporosis will improve the outcome.
Effects of antiestrogens on the estrogen-regulated pS2 RNA and the 52- and 160-kilodalton proteins in MCF7 cells and two tamoxifen-resistant sublines. (1984)

The effects of estradiol and antiestrogens on two estrogen-regulated proteins (52 and 160 kDa) and an estrogen-inducible mRNA (pS2) have been measured in the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line and two tamoxifen-resistant sublines. In MCF7 cells, tamoxifen (or nafoxidine) alone does not significantly affect pS2 mRNA levels nor transcription of the pS2 gene but completely antagonizes the ability of estradiol to increase pS2 RNA levels. The estrogen-mediated increase in pS2 mRNA levels resembles that of two estrogen-regulated proteins (52 and 160 kDa) that are released from MCF7 cells into the culture medium. This is distinct from the estrogen-mediated increase in progesterone receptor which is also obtained by tamoxifen treatment. In the two tamoxifen-resistant sublines (R27 and RTx6), tamoxifen does not increase pS2 mRNA levels or 160-kDa protein production but increases the production of the 52-kDa protein. These results show that in these tamoxifen-resistant cells, tamoxifen has become fully estrogenic for one, but not all estrogen-regulated responses.
Performance Comparison of CGRA and Mobile GPU for Light-Field Image Processing (2016)

Recently, many approaches apply light-field image processing on smartphones and wearable devices. A Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) is commonly used to exploit parallelism in such image processing. However, because the access pattern in the light-field application is more sparse than typical stencil applications and does not use all data in a cache line. Furthermore, the data requests to multiple locations generate enormous short-burst memory transfers in the cache system, cost high latency, and do not fully utilize the high memory bandwidth of GPU. Therefore, an alternative architecture that exploits a long-burst data transmission, which improves the memory bandwidth utilization, is essential. We propose a sparse stencil oriented Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Accelerator (CGRA) that we call EMAXV. Unlike on-demand multiple data loading on GPU, EMAXV loads the input data with a long burst transferring before the execution proceeds to conceal the sparse memory access and multi-threading cache races. It further obscures the memory loading latency with an execution latency from different activations. We evaluated the EMAXV and mobile GPU (Tegra K1) performances with identical host CPU's frequency and main memory bandwidth. Although EMAXV has much lower computation capability, we achieved four times performance of mobile GPU for light-field depth extraction and 89% of the performance for light-field image rendering.
Fabrication and characterization of GNR transmisson lines for MMIC applications (2013)

In this paper graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are proposed as a new conductive material for monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) transmission lines to replace existing materials, because they have the potential to offer better performance. Multi-layered graphene films were grown on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si wafers coated with Ni using chemical vapour deposition. Co-planar GSG electrodes of various widths and lengths were patterned on the graphene film using electron beam lithography (EBL) and wet chemical etching to form the transmission lines compatible with microwave wafer probes used in the measurements. The lines and the underlying SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si layers were then modeled as thin film co-planar waveguide (TFCPW) before characterization and their microwave behavior was simulated using CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic simulator. By curve-fitting the experimental results with simulation, graphene parameters were subsequently extracted. From I-V measurements the conductivity was found to be 2.89 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> S/m and scattering parameter measurements of the samples obtained at frequencies up to 20 GHz show that GNR has high potential for transmitting signals at GHz frequencies.
Cross protection between an encapsulated strain of <i>Staphylococcus hyicus</i> and encapsulated strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1988)

Strain ST67P of Staphylococcus hyicus grew diffusely in regular serum-soft agar. With the addition of rabbit antisera prepared with Staph. aureus strains, Smith, NS58D or NS41D, capsular type A, B or C, respectively, the organisms converted to compact type growth. Mice immunized with heat-killed vaccine of strain ST67P showed significant resistance against either homologous or heterologous strains, Smith, NS58D and NS41D. Passive protective activities in rabbit antisera prepared with strains Smith, NS58D and NS41D were absorbed out with either homologous cell surface polysaccharide fraction or cell surface polysaccharide fraction extracted from strain ST67P. Well-defined large capsules were observed in ultra-thin sections treated with rabbit antiserum prepared with homologous strain conjugated with ferritin. Also, the capsule surrounded by ferritin granules was shown in ultra-thin sections treated with ferritin conjugated with antisera prepared with those heterologous strains although the capsular size was significantly smaller than those observed by homologous antiserum.
Opportunities and design considerations of GaN HEMTs in ZVS applications (2018)

Gallium Nitride enhancement-mode high electron mobility transistors (GaN E-HEMTs) exhibit superior performance versus Si devices in both hard-switching and soft-switching converters. Due to the relatively higher switching-on loss compared with switching-off loss, zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on is still preferred to the application scope which efficiency is the primary design target. In this paper, the characteristics of GaN HEMTs under ZVS conditions is modeled. The packaging considerations on circuit parasitics and thermal management for soft switching applications is also discussed. An insulated metal substrate (IMS) based half-bridge power module consisting of two high-side and two low-side 650 V/60 A GaN HEMTs in parallel is designed and experimentally evaluated. A strong correlation is shown between simulations and experiments, verifying the power module design and GaN HEMTs' loss model.
Ultrastructural Effect of L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate on Cultured Keratocytes (1992)

I studied the effect of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (P-Asc), a long-acting derivative of L-ascorbic acid, on the fine structures of cultured rabbit keratocytes. The results showed that cells cultured with 0.1 mM P-Asc for 30 days were more markedly multilayered than those grown without P-Asc. Dilation of the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in the control cells indicated an accumulation of protein (probably procollagen). In addition, many lysosome-like structures, which may degrade underhydroxylated procollagen, were observed in the cytoplasm of the control cells. A slight increment of free ribosomes was also found within the control cells. P-Asc enhanced the multilayerization of cultured keratocytes. We conclude that the changes seen in the cytoplasm are due to the effect of P-Asc acting as vitamin C.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma, a Rare Tumor of the Mediastinum: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2009)

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare low-grade malignant tumor of vascular origin, rarely seen in the mediastinum. We described a 27-year-old male with the initial presentation of cough and hoarseness. A superior mediastinal tumor encasing major vessels with vocal cord and diaphragm paralysis was found on CT scan. He received a wide local resection and the pathology was EHE with malignant histopathologic characteristics. He underwent post-operative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, but metastases to the pleura and lung developed 3 months later. He then underwent another debulking surgery and photodynamic therapy to control the pleural metastasis. No recurrence or metastasis was found up to the writing of this manuscript. This case shows that malignant histopathologic features are a major factor determining a poor prognosis, as the tumor is more likely to behave like angiosarcoma. There is as yet no reported case of EHE treated by photodynamic therapy in the available medical literature. Short-term results seemed to be excellent in our index patient. Long-term results will require further study.
Synergistic Activation of Human LDL Receptor Expression by SCAP Ligand and Cytokine Oncostatin M (2003)

Our studies provide the first evidence that higher levels of LDLR expression and function can be achieved through simultaneous stimulation of the SREBP-dependent and SREBP-independent pathways, suggesting a strategy to develop an adjunct therapeutic intervention utilizing both pathways.
Loligomers: design of de novo peptide-based intracellular vehicles. (1995)

Defined branched peptides (loligomers) incorporating cytoplasmic translocation signals, nuclear localization sequences, and fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized to demonstrate the feasibility and simplicity of creating novel classes of intracellular vehicles. Loligomers containing all the above signals were rapidly internalized by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and accumulated in their nucleus. At 4 degrees C, the interaction of peptide constructs with CHO cells was limited to membrane association. Loligomers entered cells at higher temperatures by adsorptive endocytosis. Inhibitors of ATP synthesis affected cytoplasmic import only weakly but abolished nuclear uptake. The peptide signals guided both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization events. The properties exhibited by loligomers suggest a strategy for the facile design of "guided" classes of intracellular agents.
RF-aware widely-linear beamforming and null-steering in cognitive Radio transmitters (2013)

Protection of the primary users (PUs) from interference stemming from secondary user (SU) transmissions is one of the key issues in dynamic cognitive radio systems. Assuming elementary direction of arrival (DOA) or location estimation of PU devices can be carried out in the SU devices, appropriate directional transmission utilizing e.g. antenna arrays and null-steering can then be deployed to avoid interference by steering nulls towards the PUs. In this paper, we study such transmitter digital beamforming and null-steering under practical limitations of the associated radio frequency (RF) circuits, namely the amplitude and phase mismatches between the in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) rails of the parallel up-conversion chains. Closed-form analysis of the available beamforming and null-steering capabilities is first provided, showing that the transmitter null-steering capabilities are heavily degraded due to RF circuit imperfections. Motivated by this, we will then propose and formulate a widely-linear (WL) digital beamforming and null-steering solution which is shown to efficiently suppress the RF circuit imperfection effects from the radiation pattern. Based on the obtained results, the developed solution can provide efficient null-steering and interference suppression characteristics, despite of the imperfections in the RF circuits, and can thus enable, e.g., the use of cost-efficient RF chains in the SU transmitters.
On Quantification of the Earthquake Source (2001)

Research Article| March 01, 2001 On Quantification of the Earthquake Source Yehuda Ben-Zion Yehuda Ben-Zion Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Yehuda Ben-Zion Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740 Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1938-2057 Print ISSN: 0895-0695 © 2001 by the Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2001) 72 (2): 151–152. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.2.151 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Yehuda Ben-Zion; On Quantification of the Earthquake Source. Seismological Research Letters 2001;; 72 (2): 151–152. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.2.151 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search The opinion article by Jones (Seism. Res. Lett.71, 395-396, 2000) and follow-up communications in Seismological Research Letters (71, 670-672, 2000) discuss pros and cons of seismic moment vs. magnitude as scaling sizes for the earthquake source and possible related units. While the moment clearly provides a better physical quantification of the earthquake source than magnitude, it has a simple and easily fixable shortcoming that stems from the inclusion of rigidity in the definition of the moment. The basic problem is that linear elastic waves generated by a slip source have no information on material properties at... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.