gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometric conductive filament confinement by nanotips for resistive switching of HfO2-RRAM devices with high performance (2016)

Filament-type HfO2-based RRAM has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for future non-volatile memories. Further improvement of the stability, particularly at the "OFF" state, of such devices is mainly hindered by resistance variation induced by the uncontrolled oxygen vacancies distribution and filament growth in HfO2 films. We report highly stable endurance of TiN/Ti/HfO2/Si-tip RRAM devices using a CMOS compatible nanotip method. Simulations indicate that the nanotip bottom electrode provides a local confinement for the electrical field and ionic current density; thus a nano-confinement for the oxygen vacancy distribution and nano-filament location is created by this approach. Conductive atomic force microscopy measurements confirm that the filaments form only on the nanotip region. Resistance switching by using pulses shows highly stable endurance for both ON and OFF modes, thanks to the geometric confinement of the conductive path and filament only above the nanotip. This nano-engineering approach opens a new pathway to realize forming-free RRAM devices with improved stability and reliability.
From the Editor's Desk (2004)

Presents the editorial for this issue of the publication.
Peningkatan Mutu Guru dalam Proses Pembelajaran melalui Penerapan Supervisi Klinis Kepala Sekolah di SDN Agowoe Kecamatan Soa Tahun 2019/2020 (2021)

Keterampilan utama dari seorang guru adalah melakukan penilaian dan pembinaan kepada siswa untuk secara terus menerus meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan di kelas agar berdampak pada kualitas hasil belajar siswa. Untuk dapat mencapai kualitas tersebut guru diharapkan dapat melakukan pembelajaran yang didasarkan pada metode dan teknik  yang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Namun kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa ternyata kualitas pendidikan masih jauh dari apa yang diharapkan terutama di SDN Agowoe Kecamatan Soa Kabupaten Ngada. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka peneliti sekaligus sebagai kepala sekolah melakukan pembinaan kepada guru melalui supervisi Klinis, dan tindakan ini sebagai suatu langkah yang tepat agar peningkatan capaian mutu sekolah dapat dicapai sesuai dengan program pemerintah yaitu program pendidikan bermutu.Tujuan dari penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pembinaan kepala sekolah melalui supervisis Klinis untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran. Dalam penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) ini dilakukan dalam 3 siklus, dari hasil tindakan yang dilakukan terbukti dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru  dengan mencapai standar ideal. Dari 65,50% pada siklus I, dapat meningkat menjadi 72,50%  pada siklus II, dan siklus ke III  83,75%. Hasil penelitian tindakan ini menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan melalui supervisi Klinis dapat meningkatkan kinerja  guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran, dengan ketuntasan mencapai 100%.
Monolithic integration of a low threshold current quantum well laser and a driver circuit on a GaAs substrate (1985)

An AlGaAs/GaAs graded-index waveguide separate-confinement heterostructure (GRIN SCH) laser and a laser driver circuit composed of four GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors have been monolithically integrated on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. By introducing the GRIN SCH single quantum well (6 nm thick) structure, the integrated laser has exhibited room-temperature cw operation characteristics with an extremely low threshold current of 15 mA as well as a high quantum efficiency of 50%. Measurements have also shown the conversion ratio of laser output power to input gate voltage of 4.3 mW/V, and the turn-on and turn-off times of the light output of 400 and 900 ps, respectively, demonstrating high sensitivity and fast response performance of the present monolithic laser/driver.
Role of aircraft soot emissions in contrail formation (2009)

The susceptibility of microphysical properties of young contrails to changes in aircraft soot emissions is studied with a microphysical plume model. Liquid plume and ambient particles compete with exhaust soot particles for the formation of contrail ice particles, assuming that soot particles are activated into water droplets prior to homogeneous freezing. Soot controls ice formation in contrails for high number emission indices including the range of current global fleet values. A fivefold reduction of soot emissions from average levels of 5 × 10 14 − 10 15 (kg‐fuel) −1 approximately halves the initial contrail visible optical depth. Further soot reduction reverses this trend at temperatures well below the formation threshold temperature unless emissions of sulfur and organics are cut substantially. Whether and to which degree reductions in soot emissions help mitigate the contrail climate impact depends on subsequent aircraft wake vortex processing of contrails and their development into contrail cirrus.
Structure and Properties of a Bacterial Polysaccharide Named Fucogel (2003)

The chemical structure of a polysaccharide named Fucogel was characterized and the position of acetylation was identified by NMR. A conformational analysis was performed on this 3-sugar repeating unit. From this, the persistence length, characterizing the stiffness of the polysaccharide, was determined and the role of the presence of acetyl group, reducing the stiffness, was pointed out. The helical conformations were also predicted, one of these being in agreement with X-ray data obtained on a similar polysaccharide. Experimental characterization of the native and deacetylated polysaccharides was developed. SEC experiments allowed us to determine the molar mass and the persistence length on the deacetylated polysaccharide. The value is in good agreement with that predicted from the molecular modeling. Microcalorimetry, rheology, and fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated respectively that no helical conformation exists in solution but that loose interchain interactions due to the acetyl substituents exist in dilute solutions.
Microwave absorbing and shielding properties of inhomogeneous conductors and high-loss dielectrics (2018)

Microwave dielectric spectra of the relaxor ferroelectric PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 single crystals, (Nb + In) co-doped rutile ceramics, inhomogeneous conducting polyaniline pellets, composites of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used for calculation of transmission and reflection spectra of the material slabs in the free space and estimation of absorbing and shielding properties of the materials. Studied high-permittivity high-loss materials with a strong and broad dielectric dispersion in the microwave range were shown to have a high potential for microwave shielding and absorbing applications. Broadband (two decades of frequency) 40 dB shielding and high attenuation constant were demonstrated in the microwave range.
Dual-broadband T-shaped monopole antenna for wireless communication (2005)

With the addition of dual shorted L-shaped strip-sleeves, a novel dual-broadband T-shaped printed monopole antenna for 2.4/5.8 GHz WLAN has been proposed and experimentally studied. The obtained impedance bandwidths can reach about 35% for the 2.4 GHz band and 10.0% for the 5.8 GHz band, which both meet the required bandwidth specifications of the IEEE 802.11a/b/g standards. The measured peak antenna gains for the operating frequencies across dual WLAN bands are measured to be, respectively, 3.4 and 1.0 dBi, with the gain variations within 0.8 dBi.
Mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate the M1/M2 balance in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely studied for their applications in stem cell-based regeneration. During myocardial infarction (MI), infiltrated macrophages have pivotal roles in inflammation, angiogenesis and cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that MSCs may modulate the immunologic environment to accelerate regeneration. This study was designed to assess the functional relationship between the macrophage phenotype and MSCs. MSCs isolated from bone marrow and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) underwent differentiation induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor. To determine the macrophage phenotype, classical M1 markers and alternative M2 markers were analyzed with or without co-culturing with MSCs in a transwell system. For animal studies, MI was induced by the ligation of the rat coronary artery. MSCs were injected within the infarct myocardium, and we analyzed the phenotype of the infiltrated macrophages by immunostaining. In the MSC-injected myocardium, the macrophages adjacent to the MSCs showed strong expression of arginase-1 (Arg1), an M2 marker. In BMDMs co-cultured with MSCs, the M1 markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were significantly reduced. In contrast, the M2 markers such as IL-10, IL-4, CD206 and Arg1 were markedly increased by co-culturing with MSCs. Specifically, the ratio of iNOS to Arg1 in BMDMs was notably downregulated by co-culturing with MSCs. These results suggest that the preferential shift of the macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2 may be related to the immune-modulating characteristics of MSCs that contribute to cardiac repair.
An Analysis on the Process of Claim With Game Theory (2007)

The article introduces the bargain model and the game theory of incomplete information to the disposal of construction claim.Using the method,it analyses the common process of the claim.And the end,the article brings forward the principle on how to deal with the claim in different distances.
Humidity and cation dependency of purple membrane based biosensors (2003)

Receptor function is being investigated by incorporating naturally occurring membrane-based biological recognition elements into surface structures interfaced with microelectronic substrates. Alkylsilane molecules, formulating one half of a bilayer membrane mimetic structure, were covalently bound to the surface of Si/SiO/sub 2/ electrodes and interdigitated microsensor electrode devices. In addition to applying purple membrane patches, detergent dialysis was attempted to reconstitute lipids and bacteriorhodopsin proteins to complete the bilayer structure. Experiments are being carried out to study the humidity and cation dependency of purple membranes as reflected in capacitance measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF 7‐SULFAMOYLXANTHONE‐2‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1981)

Abstract Mit überschüssiger Chlorsulfonsäure reagiert die Xanthoncarbonsäure (I) zum Sulfochlorid (II), aus dem die Derivate (III) durch Hydrolyse oder Aminolyse zugänglich sind.
Water proton NMR detection of amide hydrolysis and diglycine dimerization (2018)

The transverse relaxation rate of water protons R2(1H2O) is found to be sensitive to amide hydrolysis and diglycine dimerization. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using R2(1H2O) as a diagnostic tool to detect chemical changes in aqueous solutions. Potential applications include drug product formulation and inspection.
Low-loss Ka-band frequency selective subreflector (1991)

A frequency selective subreflector with two separate focal fed positions for a 30/20 GHz offset Gregorian reflector antenna is newly developed. For a bandwidth exceeding 3 GHz in the 20 and 30 GHz band, the measured losses are 0.7 and 1.5 dB, respectively.
Data Log Management for Cyber-Security Programmability of Cloud Services and Applications (2019)

In last years, the security appliance is becoming a more important and critical challenge considering the growing complexity and diversification of cyber-attacks. The current solutions are often too cumbersome to be run in virtual services and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Therefore, it is necessary to evolve to a more cooperative models, which collect security-related data from a large set of heterogeneous sources for centralized analysis and correlation. In this paper, we outline a flexible abstraction layer for access to security context. It is conceived to program and gather data from lightweight inspection and enforcement hooks deployed in cloud applications and IoT devices. We provide a description of its implementation, by reviewing the main software components and their role. Finally, we test this abstraction layer with a performance evaluation of a Proof of Concept (PoC) implementation with the aim to evaluate the effectiveness to collect data / logs from virtual services and IoT to enable a centralized security analysis.
The impact of inflammatory licensing on heme oxygenase-1–mediated induction of regulatory T cells by human mesenchymal stem cells (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by their manifold immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. The stress-responsive, cytoprotective, and immunoregulatory molecule heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was recently identified as a key contributor for MSC-mediated suppression of alloactivated T cells. As HO-1 has also been implicated in the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs), we sought to examine its impact on MSC-driven promotion of Tregs. Human MSCs were shown to induce, in a HO-1-dependent fashion, IL-10(+) Tr1 and transforming growth factor-β(+) Th3 Treg-subsets in allo- and T-cell receptor-activated lymphocytes. Because inflammatory stimuli modulate ("license") human MSCs, we were interested in whether an in vitro alloreactive micro-milieu within mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) alters the HO-1 expression. We observed a substantial down-regulation of HO-1 facilitated by yet unidentified soluble factor(s) produced in an MLR, and most probably occurring at the level of its major transcription-factor NF-E2-related factor 2. Interestingly, HO-1 lost its impact regarding suppressiveness, Treg induction, and promotion of IL-10 production for MSCs, which were prelicensed in an MLR environment. Taken together, we show that HO-1 produced by human MSCs beyond its direct suppressive function promotes formation of Tr1 and Th3 Tregs and IL-10 production, functions, which are taken over by other molecules, among them COX-2, after an alloreactive priming.
.omega.-[(.omega.-Arylalkyl)thienyl]alkanoic acids: from specific LTA4 hydrolase inhibitors to LTB4 receptor antagonists (1992)

A series of omega-[(omega-arylalkyl)thienyl]alkanoic acid isomers was prepared and a structure-activity relationship was investigated. These compounds have displayed either LTA4 hydrolase inhibition activities or LTB4 receptor binding activities, or both, depending on the relative orientation of the two side chains on the thiophene ring. Whereas the 2,5-isomers specifically exhibited LTA4 hydrolase inhibition, 3,5-isomers displayed both activities. On the other hand, the "ortho-isomers" specifically inhibited the binding of the LTB4 to its receptor. The side-chain lengths were also important for an optimal inhibition or binding activity. Substitutions on the terminal aromatic ring or on the thiophene nucleus led to small changes in both activities. The most dramatic effect was obtained by substituting the carboxylic acid side chain in the alpha-position with one or two methyl groups, which substantially enhanced the LTB4 receptor binding activity. In the most favorable case, the alpha,alpha-dimethyl derivative RP66153 was found 20-fold more potent than its linear counterpart.
Noncontact Measurements of Central Corneal Epithelial and Flap Thickness after Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (2004)

OCT is a useful noncontact tool for thickness measurements of the epithelium, flap, and total cornea. After LASIK, the epithelium and flap showed thickening during the study period.
Objective analysis of ultrasound images by use of a computational observer (1992)

The design, implementation, and testing of a computational observer method for objective evaluation of ultrasound images are presented. The method uses digitized ultrasound B-scan images of a test phantom (the contrast-detail phantom), and is able to calculate the detectability of a target (signal) from its background (background noise). A quantitative detectability index, based on the measured signal-to-noise ratio of the image data, that is measured for both the human and the computational observer on the same scale is generated. It is shown that the computational observer (CO) method may be a more useful, objective way of evaluating ulrasound images and imaging systems than methods that rely solely on human observers. It may also be applicable to other types (i.e. other than ultrasound) of imaging systems which produce noisy images. The relevance of the CO method when compared to human observer two-alternative-forced-choice (2AFC) readings of the same data by showing a high correlation between the CO detectability results and those of human observers for the same set of images. The method is (1) quantitative, (2) reproducible, (3) absolute, (4) takes into account, and can calculate the value of TPF and FPF for each target, for the given system, and (5) speeds up the evaluation of an image or imaging system (compared to using human observers), given the right conditions and equipment.
An effective method to reduce residual lithium compounds on Ni-rich Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 active material using a phosphoric acid derived Li3PO4 nanolayer (2014)

The Ni-rich Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 surface has been modified with H3PO4. After coating at 80 °C, the products were heated further at a moderate temperature of 500 °C in air, when the added H3PO4 transformed to Li3PO4 after reacting with residual LiOH and Li2CO3 on the surface. A thin and uniform smooth nanolayer (< 10 nm) was observed on the surface of Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopic (ToF-SIMS) data exhibit the presence of LiP+, LiPO+, and Li2PO 2 + fragments, indicating the formation of the Li3PO4 coating layer on the surface of the Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2. As a result, the amounts of residual lithium compounds, such as LiOH and Li2CO3, are significantly reduced. As a consequence, the Li3PO4-coated Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 exhibits noticeable improvement in capacity retention and rate capability due to the reduction of residual LiOH and Li2CO3. Further investigation of the extensively cycled electrodes by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, and ToF-SIMS demonstrated that the Li3PO4 coating layers have multi-functions: Absorption of water in the electrolyte that lowers the HF level, HF scavenging, and protection of the active materials from deleterious side reactions with the electrolyte during extensive cycling, enabling high capacity retention over 1,000 cycles.
<sup>18</sup>Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography to Detect Mediastinal or Internal Mammary Metastases in Breast Cancer (2001)

FDG PET may uncover disease in these nodal regions not recognized by conventional staging methods. Future prospective studies using histopathology for confirmation are needed to validate the preliminary findings of this retrospective study.
Surface treatment of mercury-free alloys. (1999)

Finishing and polishing methods were examined for two metallic direct restorative materials being proposed as possible alternatives to amalgam, namely a gallium alloy and a consolidated silver alloy. The polished surfaces were compared to a conventional spherical amalgam (Tytin). After initial surface treatment with a 12-fluted tungsten carbide bur in a high-speed dental hand-piece, three polishing methods were evaluated: slow-speed polishing burs, rubber polishing points, and polishing disks (Sof-Lex). Each of these methods was followed by an additional surface treatment in which a pumice-flour/water slurry was applied with a rotary brush and a final surface treatment with a zinc-oxide/ethanol slurry that was applied with rotary rubber cups. The surface roughness was evaluated by profilometric measurements and light microscopy. The results showed that the smoothest surfaces for all metals were achieved with rotary finishing and polishing disks. Using the rubber points resulted in surfaces that were statistically similar to the disk-polished surfaces on all three materials. The polished surface of gallium alloy was consistently slightly rougher than that of amalgam. The consolidated silver also presented a consistently rougher surface than did amalgam, although these differences were not statistically significant. The additional polishing with pumice and zinc oxide improved the luster, but did not significantly improve the measured surface smoothness in any of the restorative materials studied.
The First Example of Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Chloroesterification of Alkynes with Chloroformate Esters (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe First Example of Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Chloroesterification of Alkynes with Chloroformate EstersRuimao Hua, Shigeru Shimada, and Masato TanakaView Author Information National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 47, 12365–12366Publication Date (Web):November 13, 1998Publication History Received26 June 1998Published online13 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9822299https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9822299rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1375Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Selectivity Get e-Alerts