gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Exposure as a Risk Factor for Fluconazole-Resistant Candida Bloodstream Infection (2012)

Recent exposure to azoles is an important risk factor for infection with fluconazole-resistant Candida spp., but little is known about the role of antibacterial drug exposure in the emergence of drug-resistant Candida. We did a prospective nationwide surveillance study of candidemia in Israel and analyzed the propensity score-adjusted association between antifungal and antibacterial drug exposure and bloodstream infection with C. glabrata and fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates. Four hundred forty-four episodes of candidemia (450 Candida isolates, 69 [15%] C. glabrata isolates, and 38 [8.5%] fluconazole-resistant isolates) from 18 medical centers in Israel were included. C. glabrata bloodstream infection was strongly associated with recent metronidazole exposure (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; P < 0.001). Infection with a fluconazole-resistant isolate was associated with exposure to carbapenems, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, and colistin (odds ratio, 2.8; P = 0.01). The inclusion of antibacterial drug exposure in a multivariable model significantly enhanced the model's predictive accuracy for fluconazole-resistant Candida bloodstream infection. Our findings may be relevant to the selection of empirical antifungal treatment and broaden the scope of antibiotic-associated collateral damage.
Potential T regulatory cell therapy in transplantation: how far have we come and how far can we go? (2010)

Summary Graft survival has been lately improved by the introduction of efficient immunosuppressive drugs. However, late graft loss caused by chronic rejection and the side effects of long-term immunosuppression remain major obstacles for successful transplantation. Operational tolerance, which is defined by the lack of acute and chronic rejection and indefinite graft survival with normal graft function in the absence of continuous immunosuppression, represents an attractive alternative. Nevertheless, tolerance after allogeneic transplantation is commonly considered the 'mission impossible' for both immunologists and clinicians. One of the mechanisms involved in tolerance is the suppression of graft-specific alloreactive T cells, which largely mediate graft rejection, by regulatory T cells (Tregs) or by soluble factors produced by Treg cells. With this review, I will make an effort to collect and describe the significant studies performed in transplanted patients, and not in animal models or in in vitro systems, with the attempt to: (i) understand how tolerance is achieved, (ii) define whether and how Treg cells influence transplant tolerance, (iii) describe the first clinical trials with Treg cells in humans (i.e. how far have we come) and (iv) predict the future of Treg cell-based therapy in humans (i.e. how far can we go).
Membership functions in automatic harmonization system (2002)

We propose fuzzy reasoning to put harmony to melody in automatic harmonization system. We have been considering the following fuzzy sets and membership functions in the system. The system has two fuzzy sets of "conformability between melody and tonality" as the degree of fitness /spl mu//sub A/(y/sub n/) and "conformability between tonality and relative keys" as the degree of fitness /spl mu//sub T/(y/sub n/). The degree of fitness /spl mu//sub C/(y/sub n/) for each tonality is obtained from /spl mu//sub A/(y/sub n/) and /spl mu//sub T/(y/sub n/). The system has two fuzzy sets of "conformability between melody and chord" as the degree of fitness /spl mu//sub Mi/(x/sub m/) and "validity of chord progression" as the degree of fitness /spl mu//sub Pi/(x/sub m/,x/sub i-l/). The degree of fitness /spl mu//sub Qi/(x/sub m/) for chord in melody i section is obtained from M/sub Mi/(x/sub m/) and /spl mu//sub Pi/(x/sub m/, x/sub i-l/). /spl mu//sub Mi/(x/sub m/) is obtained from three membership functions of /spl mu//sub chord-A/(note), /spl mu//sub chord-B/(note) and /spl mu//sub chord-C/(note) which show an importance to each chord in each note, and /spl mu//sub Length/(note) which is a relative importance about an existence time of each note, and M/sub MS/(note) which shows a relative importance. /spl mu//sub Pi/(x/sub m/,x/sub i-l/) is obtained from three membership functions of /spl mu//sub FC/(c/sub m/) which shows an importance of each function chord, and /spl mu//sub FP/(x/sub m/) which shows a strength of the dominant motion of the function chord, and /spl mu//sub S/(x/sub m/,x/sub i-l/) which shows a progression sense between two neighbor chords. It is shown in the good results that the natural chords, which don't break the tonality of the music, are achieved.
Nickel-catalyzed Michael additions of .beta.-dicarbonyls (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel-catalyzed Michael additions of .beta.-dicarbonylsJohn H. Nelson, Peter N. Howells, George C. DeLullo, George L. Landen, and Ronald A. HenryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 7, 1246–1249Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01295a017Request reuse permissionsArticle Views843Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (487 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cloning of a metalloprotease gene involved in the virulence mechanism of Vibrio anguillarum (1992)

Genetic evidence has previously suggested that a zinc metalloprotease is involved in the invasive mechanism of the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum NB10. In this study, the metalloprotease gene was cloned and sequenced. The sequence encodes a polypeptide (611 amino acids) that contains a putative signal sequence followed by a large leader sequence and the mature protein (44.6 kDa). Since the purified protein has a molecular mass of 36 kDa instead of the predicted 44.6 kDa, the mature protein is most likely processed a third time. Comparative analyses of the protein sequence showed high homologies to other bacterial metalloproteases within the zinc-binding and active-site regions. The Vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase were exceptions in that the homology extended throughout the entire putative preproprotein. A chromosomal metalloprotease mutant was made via the integration of foreign DNA into the protease gene. This mutant did not secrete the metalloprotease, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide protein analysis and by growth on gelatin agar. Transcomplementation of the chromosomal mutation revived the secretion of the metalloprotease and its activity on gelatin agar. Interestingly, when supernatant proteins were analyzed by gelatin-SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis, two different proteases (75 and 30 kDa) were detected in the mutant strain but not in the transcomplemented strain or the wild-type strain. Moreover, fish infection studies were done, and implications for the role of the metalloprotease in the virulence mechanism of V. anguillarum are discussed.
Design rules for slanted-angle polarization rotators (2005)

A simple and general set of design rules for slanted-angle polarization-rotating waveguides is presented in this paper. These design rules are employed to construct single-mode SOI polarization rotators that offer significant advantages in conversion efficiency, optical loss, fabrication tolerance, spectral response and spatial dimensions relative to III-V components.
A model for persistent shared memory addressing in distributed systems (2003)

COOL v2 is an object oriented persistent computing system for distributed programming. With COOL v2, C++ objects can be persistent and shared freely between applications and distributed across sites in a completely transparent manner from the programmer's point of view. To address the problem of maintaining distributed shared data coherency, data persistency and address allocation coherency the authors, developed the persistent context space model which encapsulates distributed shared memory and persistent memory, and controls distributed shared memory address allocation. The paper outlines existing solutions of object addressing in persistent and distributed environments and contrasts these with the persistent context space model and its integration in an operating system architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast and Accurate Optical Flow Estimation using FPGA (2014)

In this paper, we extend an approach used in the stereo vision for the optical flow estimation to achieve lower error rates. In the optical flow estimation, two dimensional search is required, and more hardware resources becomes necessary than the stereo vision that requires only one dimensional search. In our implementation, the target image is divided into sub-images, and they are processed in turn to reduce the required circuit size. The error rates by our system is much lower than previous works, and its processing speed is fast enough for practical applications.
Passive Traffic Measurement for Internet Protocol Operations (2005)

Abstract Managing a large communication network is a complex task handled by a group of human operators. These operators track the state of the network to detect equipment failures and shifts in traffic load. After detecting and troubleshooting a problem, they may change the configuration of the equipment to improve the utilization of network resources and the performance experienced by end users. The ability to detect, diagnose, and fix problems depends on the information available from the underlying network.
Non-invasive gas monitoring in newborn infants using diode laser absorption spectroscopy: a case study (2012)

Non-invasive diode laser spectroscopy was, for the first time, used to assess gas content in the intestines and the lungs of a new-born, 4 kg, baby. Two gases, water vapor and oxygen, were studied with two low-power tunable diode lasers, illuminating the surface skin tissue and detecting the diffusely emerging light a few centimeters away. The light, having penetrated into the tissue, had experienced absorption by gas located in the lungs and in the intestines. Very distinct water vapor signals were obtained from the intestines while imprint from oxygen was lacking, as expected. Detectable, but minor, signals of water vapor were also obtained from the lungs, illuminating the armpit area and detecting below the collar bone. Water vapor signals were seen but again oxygen signals were lacking, now due to the difficulties of penetration of the oxygen probing light into the lungs of this full-term baby. Ultra-sound images were obtained both from the lungs and from the stomach of the baby. Based on dimensions and our experimental findings, we conclude, that for early pre-term babies, also oxygen should be detectable in the lungs, in addition to intestine and lung detection of water vapor. The present paper focuses on the studies of the intestines while the lung studies will be covered in a forthcoming paper.
Progression of aflatoxicosis in growing barrows (1988)

The progression of aflatoxicosis was evaluated in growing crossbred barrows given 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed for 28 days (6 to 10 weeks of age). On day 28, pigs were euthanatized and necropsied, and tissues were removed for histologic examination. Body weight gains were decreased in barrows fed 2 mg of AF/kg after 7 days and in barrows fed 1 mg of AF/Kg after 14 days. By 28 days, all barrows fed AF had decreased body weights and weight gains. Compared with decreased in all barrows fed AF. Neither liver weights nor bone ash values were altered, although liver lipid values were increased in barrows fed AF. Serum aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased in barrows fed AF, whereas creatine kinase activity was decreased. Aflatoxin diets resulted in decreases in serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, phosphorus, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. Histologic alterations in liver included interlobular fibrosis, periportal lipidosis, bile duct hyperplasia, and periportal lymphocytic infiltration. Lymphocytes in the thymus were depleted, and numbers of granulocytic cells in the bone marrow were reduced. The frequency and severity of lesions increased with increased doses of AF.
Energy and protein utilization for maintenance and growth in Omani ram lambs in hot climates. II. Composition of tissue growth and nitrogen metabolism (2001)

The effects of dietary energy concentration on tissue composition and nitrogen metabolism were determined by comparative slaughter and nitrogen balance trials in Omani male lambs during the hot summer months (July to October; maximum temperature 48 °C). Weaned lambs ( n = 10 per diet) were fed on one of three isonitrogenous (160 CP g/kg DM) diets that contained low (9·98 MJ/kg DM), medium (10·3 MJ/kg DM) and high (11·4 MJ/kg DM) metabolizable energy contents. An initial slaughter group of 10 animals was used to estimate the initial body composition. Treatment animals were slaughtered at 113–114 days. Increasing dietary energy concentrations resulted in a progressive increase in empty body, carcass and non-carcass water, protein and fat contents. Increasing dietary energy concentrations also resulted in a greater deposition of energy in carcass fat and a reduced deposition of energy in carcass protein. Dietary energy concentration did not affect the distribution of energy between protein and fat within empty body and non-carcass tissues. Ratios of energy to empty body, carcass or non-carcass weight were not affected by dietary energy concentrations and averaged 17·1, 18·2 and 15·9 MJ/kg respectively. These data indicate that more energy is required to deposit carcass tissues than non-carcass tissues. Nitrogen balance trials (feed N–faecal N–urinary N) conducted midway through the experiment indicated that dietary energy concentration had no effect on nitrogen digestibility or nitrogen retention. However, nitrogen retention determined by comparative slaughter showed that animals fed the low energy diet retained significantly less empty body nitrogen compared to animals fed the high energy diet. Thus, nitrogen retention determined by nitrogen balance trials overestimated direct measurements of nitrogen retention determined by comparative slaughter and this overestimation was greater on the low energy diet.
Soliton microcomb based spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2021)

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely employed, minimally invasive bio-medical imaging technique, which requires a broadband light source, typically implemented by super-luminescent diodes. Recent advances in soliton based photonic integrated frequency combs (soliton microcombs) have enabled the development of low-noise, broadband chipscale frequency comb sources, whose potential for OCT imaging has not yet been unexplored. Here, we explore the use of dissipative Kerr soliton microcombs in spectral domain OCT and show that, by using photonic chipscale Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> resonators in conjunction with 1300 nm pump lasers, spectral bandwidths exceeding those of commercial OCT sources are possible. We characterized the exceptional noise properties of our source (in comparison to conventional OCT sources) and demonstrate that the soliton states in microresonators exhibit a residual intensity noise floor at high offset frequencies that is ca. 3 dB lower than a traditional OCT source at identical power, and can exhibit significantly lower noise performance for powers at the milli-Watt level. Moreover, we demonstrate that classical amplitude noise of all soliton comb teeth are correlated, i.e., common mode, in contrast to superluminescent diodes or incoherent microcomb states, which opens a new avenue to improve imaging speed and performance beyond the thermal noise limit.
Improvements to the multi-band ofdm physical layer (2006)

In this paper, enhancements to the multi-band OFDM (MB-OFDM) system for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication are described. A dual-carrier modulation scheme that increases the range of the MBOFDM system at higher data rates is presented. Techniques to enhance the robustness of the PLCP header and improve the multi-piconet capability are discussed. In addition, performance results in realistic multi-path environments are provided.
Effects of nanoparticle clustering and alignment on thermal conductivities of Fe3O4 aqueous nanofluids (2006)

Thermal conductivities of Fe3O4 aqueous nanofluids were studied. The results show that Fe3O4 nanofluids have higher thermal conductivities than other oxide aqueous nanofluids at the same volume fraction. The experimental values are higher than those predicted by the existing models. The abnormal thermal conductivities of Fe3O4 nanofluids are attributed to the observed nanoparticle clustering and alignment.
Electrokinetic movement and biodegradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in silt soil (2001)

The coupling of electrokinetic movement of an organic contaminant, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), through soil and its biodegradation in situ has been demonstrated. In a first experiment, the direction and rate of movement of 2,4-D were determined using homogeneously contaminated soil (864 mg 2,4-D/kg dry weight soil) compacted into six individual compartments, 6 cm long, 3 cm wide, and 4 cm deep. Each compartment was bordered by a carbon felt anode and a stainless steel cathode. The application of a current density of 3.72 A/m(2) led to migration of 2,4-D towards the anode at a rate of approximately 4 cm/day. In a second experiment, electrokinetic movement and biodegradation were combined in situ. Sterilized silt soil contaminated with ring-labeled 14C-2,4-D (811 mg 2,4-D/kg dry weight soil) was compacted into a single soil compartment, 22 cm long, 7 cm wide, and 4 cm deep, in a 4.5 cm region adjacent to the cathode. The remainder of the compartment was filled with sterilized soil (to a total weight of 1,015 g). Burkholderia spp. RASC c2 (1.88 x 10(11) cells), a tetracycline-resistant bacterium with chromosomally encoded degradative genes for 2,4-D, was inoculated into the soil at a position 14-16 cm from the cathode. The reactor was placed within a sealed perspex box, with a constant air flow connected to sodium hydroxide traps. Under an applied current density of 0.89 A/m(2), the pollutant moved towards the bacteria. As it reached the inoculated region, its concentration decreased in the soil and 14CO2 was recovered in the traps. At the end of the experiment, 87.1% of radiolabel had been removed from the soil, 5.8% of which was recovered as 14CO2. A third, control, experiment showed a significant contrast in the absence of an electric current, where a slow rate of diffusion controlled the movement of both 2,4-D and bacteria in the soil and biodegradation occurred at the interface between the diffusing fronts.
Maintenance 4.0: Intelligent and Predictive Maintenance System Architecture (2018)

In the current manufacturing world, the role of maintenance has been receiving increasingly more attention while companies understand that maintenance, when well performed, can be a strategic factor to achieve the corporate goals. The latest trends of maintenance leans towards the predictive approach, exemplified by the Prognosis and Health Management (PHM) and the Condition-based Maintenance (CBM) techniques. The implementation of such approaches demands a well structured architecture and can be boosted through the use of emergent ICT technologies, namely Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, advanced data analytics and augmented reality. Therefore, this paper describes the architecture of an intelligent and predictive maintenance system, aligned with Industry 4.0 principles, that considers advanced and online analysis of the collected data for the earlier detection of the occurrence of possible machine failures, and supports technicians during the maintenance interventions by providing a guided intelligent decision support.
Accurate Object Localization in Remote Sensing Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

In this paper, we focus on tackling the problem of automatic accurate localization of detected objects in high-resolution remote sensing images. The two major problems for object localization in remote sensing images caused by the complex context information such images contain are achieving generalizability of the features used to describe objects and achieving accurate object locations. To address these challenges, we propose a new object localization framework, which can be divided into three processes: region proposal, classification, and accurate object localization process. First, a region proposal method is used to generate candidate regions with the aim of detecting all objects of interest within these images. Then, generic image features from a local image corresponding to each region proposal are extracted by a combination model of 2-D reduction convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Finally, to improve the location accuracy, we propose an unsupervised score-based bounding box regression (USB-BBR) algorithm, combined with a nonmaximum suppression algorithm to optimize the bounding boxes of regions that detected as objects. Experiments show that the dimension-reduction model performs better than the retrained and fine-tuned models and the detection precision of the combined CNN model is much higher than that of any single model. Also our proposed USB-BBR algorithm can more accurately locate objects within an image. Compared with traditional features extraction methods, such as elliptic Fourier transform-based histogram of oriented gradients and local binary pattern histogram Fourier, our proposed localization framework shows robustness when dealing with different complex backgrounds.
Noncatalytic Requirement for Cyclin A-cdk2 in p27 Turnover (2004)

Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis makes a major contribution to decreasing the levels of p27. Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of p27(kip1) is growth and cell cycle regulated in two ways: first, skp2, a component of the E3-ubiquitin ligase, is growth regulated, and second, a kinase must phosphorylate the threonine-187 position on p27 so that it can be recognized by skp2. In vitro, p27 is phosphorylated by cyclin E- and cyclin A-associated cdk2 as well as by cyclin B1-cdk1. Having analyzed the effect of different cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes on ubiquitination of p27 in a reconstitution assay system, we now report a noncatalytic requirement for cyclin A-cdk2. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis also indicates that p27 turnover correlates best with the onset of S phase, once the levels of cyclin A become nearly maximal. Finally, increasing the amount of both cyclin E-cdk2 and skp2 was less efficient at promoting p27 ubiquitination than was increasing the amount of cyclin A-cdk2 alone in extracts prepared from cultures of >93%-purified G(1) cells. Together these lines of evidence suggest that cyclin A-cdk2 plays an ancillary noncatalytic role in the ubiquitination of p27 by the SCF(skp2) complex.