gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Delamination in Zeolite-Catalyzed Aromatic Alkylation: UCB-3 versus 3-D Al-SSZ-70 (2014)

Delaminated zeolite UCB-3 exhibits 2.4-fold greater catalytic activity relative to its three-dimensional (3D) zeolite counterpart, Al-SSZ-70, and 2.0-fold greater activity (per catalyst mass) when compared with industrial catalyst MCM-22, for the alkylation of toluene with propylene at 523 K. The former increase is nearly equal to the observed relative increase in external surface area and acid sites upon delamination. However, at 423 K for the same reaction, UCB-3 exhibits a 3.5-fold greater catalytic activity relative to 3D Al-SSZ-70. The higher relative rate enhancement for the delaminated material at lower temperature can be elucidated on the basis of increased contributions from internal acid sites. Evidence of possible contributions from such acid sites is obtained by performing catalysis after silanation treatment, which demonstrates that although virtually all catalysis in MCM-22 occurs on the external surface, catalysis also occurs on internal sites for 3D Al-SSZ-70. The additional observed enhancement at low temperatures can therefore be rationalized by greater access to internal active sites as a result of sheet breakage during delamination. Such breakage leads to shorter characteristic internal diffusion paths and was visualized using TEM comparisons of UCB-3 and 3D Al-SSZ-70.
A framework for efficient teleoperation via online adaptation (2017)

We propose a task-independent adaptive teleoperation methodology that seeks to improve operator performance and efficiency by concurrently modeling user intent and adapting the set of available actions according to the predicted intent. User input selects a robot motion from a finite set of dynamically feasible and safe motions, represented as a motion primitive library. User intent is modeled as a probabilistic distribution with respect to future actions that represents the likelihood of action selection given recent user input, which can be formulated independent of task, environment, or user. As the intent model becomes increasingly confident, the action set is adapted in order to reduce the error between the intended and actual performance. Experimental evaluation of teleoperating a quadrotor for nonaggressive, single-intent maneuvers such as following a racetrack and conducting a free-hand helix motion shows improved performance, validating that the approach provides efficient adaptation towards achieving the user intent.
Biocompatible Silk Fibroin Optical Fibers (2015)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. B. Applegate, A. N. Mitropoulos, G. Perotto, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, "Biocompatible Silk Fibroin Optical Fibers," in Advanced Photonics 2015, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2015), paper NT1B.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Biocompatible, Biodegradable and Porous Liquid Crystal Elastomer Scaffolds for Spatial Cell Cultures (2014)

Here we report on the modular synthesis and characterization of biodegradable, controlled porous, liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) and their use as three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds. The elastomers were prepared by cross-linking of star block-co-polymers with pendant cholesterol units resulting in the formation of smectic-A LCEs as determined by polarized optical microscopy, DSC, and X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the porosity of the as-prepared biocompatible LCEs, making them suitable as 3D cell culture scaffolds. Biodegradability studies in physiological buffers at varying pH show that these scaffolds are intact for about 11 weeks after which degradation sets in at an exponential rate. Initial results from cell culture studies indicate that these smectic LCEs are compatible with growth, survival, and expansion of cultured neuroblastomas and myoblasts when grown on the LCEs for extended time periods (about a month). These preliminary cell studies focused on characterizing the elastomer-based scaffolds' biocompatibility and the successful 3D incorporation as well as growth of cells in 60 to 150-μm thick elastomer sheets.
Space-Constrained Gram-Based Indexing for Efficient Approximate String Search (2009)

Answering approximate queries on string collections is important in applications such as data cleaning, query relaxation, and spell checking, where inconsistencies and errors exist in user queries as well as data. Many existing algorithms use gram-based inverted-list indexing structures to answer approximate string queries. These indexing structures are "notoriously" large compared to the size of their original string collection. In this paper, we study how to reduce the size of such an indexing structure to a given amount of space, while retaining efficient query processing. We first study how to adopt existing inverted-list compression techniques to solve our problem. Then, we propose two novel approaches for achieving the goal: one is based on discarding gram lists, and one is based on combining correlated lists. They are both orthogonal to existing compression techniques, exploit a unique property of our setting, and offer new opportunities for improving query performance. For each approach we analyze its effect on query performance and develop algorithms for wisely choosing lists to discard or combine. Our extensive experiments on real data sets show that our approaches provide applications the flexibility in deciding the tradeoff between query performance and indexing size, and can outperform existing compression techniques. An interesting and surprising finding is that while we can reduce the index size significantly (up to 60% reduction) with tolerable performance penalties, for 20-40% reductions we can even improve query performance compared to original indexes.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of IgG Antibody versus F(ab′)<sub>2</sub> Antibody Fragment in CTLA4-Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (2022)

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel cancer treatment modality that utilizes antibody-photoabsorber conjugates (APCs) and selectively kills target cells after irradiation with NIR light. Originally, NIR-PIT was targeted against cancer cell surface antigens, but as it became clear that NIR-PIT induced a strong immune response, an effort was made to target selected immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment to encourage an even stronger immune response. Thus, CD25-targeted NIR-PIT and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4)-targeted NIR-PIT were developed to kill regulatory T cells (Tregs) in conjunction with cancer-cell-targeted NIR-PIT, in order to amplify the host immune response. It was found that CD25-targeted NIR-PIT, using an antibody with the Fc portion removed, led to better results than the unmodified anti-CD25 antibody-directed NIR-PIT presumably because of a negative effect on activated T cells. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of an antibody fragment [anti-CTLA4-F(ab')<sub>2</sub>] and a whole antibody (anti-CTLA4-IgG) for NIR-PIT. There was no significant difference in NIR-PIT-induced Treg killing between the anti-CTLA4-F(ab')<sub>2</sub> and anti-CTLA4-IgG antibodies. Although both the antibody and the antibody fragment resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition, the antibody induced more robust CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation in ipsilateral lymph nodes and was more effective compared to the antibody fragment. The slower clearance of the anti-CTLA4-IgG APC enhanced antitumor immunity by promoting T cell priming in lymph nodes. In conclusion, unlike the results with CD25 where modified antibodies produced superior results to unmodified antibodies, anti-CTLA4-IgG antibody-based NIR-PIT proved more effective in reducing tumor growth than anti-CTLA4-F(ab')<sub>2</sub> antibody-based NIR-PIT.
Low-Voltage-Driving Liquid Crystal Lens (2010)

An approximately 1 µm-thick thin insulation film is introduced into a liquid crystal lens cell, replacing the substrate between the patterned electrode and the liquid crystal layer. The distance between the electrodes decreases markedly, and the driving voltages decreases from several tens of volts to only approximately 3 V.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Mycobacterium bovis (1988)

A series of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), specific for Mycobacterium bovis and BCG strains, were tested extensively for cross-reactivity to a wide range of mycobacterial species using ELISA, Western blotting and dot-blot analysis. The MAbs bound specifically to M. bovis and BCG and showed limited cross-reactivity with some strains of M. tuberculosis. All these MAbs recognized a 22 kDa protein previously termed MPB70, and by competitive ELISA analysis appeared to detect at least three M. bovis-specific determinants on the MPB70 molecule.
Cellular and Humoral Immunogenicity of a Candidate DNA Vaccine Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Subunit 1 (2021)

The urgent need for effective, safe and equitably accessible vaccines to tackle the ongoing spread of COVID-19 led researchers to generate vaccine candidates targeting varieties of immunogens of SARS-CoV-2. Because of its crucial role in mediating binding and entry to host cell and its proven safety profile, the subunit 1 (S1) of the spike protein represents an attractive immunogen for vaccine development. Here, we developed and assessed the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 S1. Following in vitro confirmation and characterization, the humoral and cellular immune responses of our vaccine candidate (pVAX-S1) was evaluated in BALB/c mice using two different doses, 25 µg and 50 µg. Our data showed high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies in mice immunized with three doses of pVAX-S1. Analysis of the induced IgG subclasses showed a Th1-polarized immune response, as demonstrated by the significant elevation of spike-specific IgG2a and IgG2b, compared to IgG1. Furthermore, we found that the immunization of mice with three doses of 50 µg of pVAX-S1 could elicit significant memory CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. Taken together, our data indicate that pVAX-S1 is immunogenic and safe in mice and is worthy of further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
Centrifugal Delayed Resonator: Theory and Experiments (1997)

Abstract A novel active vibration absorption technology, the Centrifugal Delayed Resonator (CDR), is presented as an efficient method for eliminating undesired torsional oscillations in rotating mechanical structures. The core idea is to reconfigure the dynamics of a damped centrifugal pendulum arrangement so that it behaves like an ideal real-time tunable absorber. This objective is achieved by applying a control torque based on proportional position feedback with variable gain and time delay. Fundamentals of the control strategy and its basic properties are explained, effects of the CDR absorber on a single-degree-of-freedom rotating structure are studied, and representative results of laboratory tests are presented. The strengths of this vibration control technology consist in complete elimination of a fundamental frequency component of undesired torsional oscillations, full effectiveness of vibration suppression in problems where the fundamental frequency of oscillations varies with time, very wide range of operating frequencies, complete decoupling of the feedback control from the mechanical properties of the rotating structure, comparatively simple implementation of the control algorithm, and fault-tolerant performance in the case of control failure.
High-performance inertial measurements using a redundant array of inexpensive gyroscopes (RAIG) (2015)

Orientation estimates derived from gyroscopes are limited in quality by the noise and bias characteristics of the sensors. Presently, there is a large gap in price and performance between high-end fiber-optic gyroscopes and inexpensive MEMS gyroscopes. In this paper, we propose using a redundant array of inexpensive gyroscopes (RAIG) in order to obtain significant improvements in performance. A naïve analysis predicts that n gyros should reduce angular rate measurement noise by a factor of √n. In this paper, we describe our custom array of 72 gyros which we use to evaluate the empirical scaling performance. This evaluation includes comparisons between several standard filtering and bias estimation algorithms. In addition, we propose a principled algorithm that exploits non-linear dynamics, significantly improving performance.
Conversion of a Signal Wavelength in a Dynamically Tuned Resonator (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. F. Preble and M. Lipson, "Conversion of a Signal Wavelength in a Dynamically Tuned Resonator," in Integrated Photonics Research and Applications/Nanophotonics, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2006), paper IMC5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An adaptive regularization parameter choice strategy for multispectral bioluminescence tomography (2011)

Utilizing numerical, physical phantom and in vivo examples, we demonstrated that the bioluminescent sources could be reconstructed accurately with automatic regularization parameters. The proposed algorithm exhibited superior performance than both the heuristic regularization parameter choice method and L-curve method based on the computational speed and localization error.
Azo-dye-doped photorefractive polymers (1993)

Since its recent discovery 1 , photorefractivity in polymers 2-7 has attracted particular attention because photorefractive materials are versatile media for reversible optical storage applications and because organic materials like polymers have potential advantages over inorganic photorefractive crystals: low dielectric constant, ease of processing, and low cost. The capabilities of this new class of composites materials 6 have rapidly reached a level comparable to those of some inorganic crystals and further improvement is expected since the magnitude of some intrinsic parameters such as the electro-optic coefficient for instance are not optimized yet. Here, we describe photorefractivity in azo-dye doped polymers. Azo dyes are molecules with strong second order nonlinear optical properties and are also known to undergo trans-cis photoisomerization 8-9 . The azo-dye-doped polymers presented here, can store two different types of erasable holograms originating from two different physical processes: photorefractivity and trans-cis photoisomerization. We show that the strong polarization nature of the isomerization process allows isolating exclusively the photorefractive effect by selecting the polarization of the reading beam. Moreover, we discuss the possible enhancement of the read-out photorefractive efficiency by photoisomerization-assisted poling of the sample.
Automatic Measurement of Fabric Crease Recovery by Image Sequence Analysis (2014)

Abstract Crease recovery is one of the most important performance properties of fabric that needs to be evaluated frequently for quality improvement and product development. It is often measured by tracking changes in crease angle of a folded specimen in a certain period of time. This paper presents a new automated crease recovery testing system and the trial tests on fabrics with different fiber materials, different weave structures, and different folding methods. The system was designed to record and measure changes of the crease angle in the entire recovery process by using image sequence analysis techniques. Thus, both instantaneous and stable recoveries of the crease angle can be quantified. The system also fully automates the folding, pressing, reading, and other operations on the specimen so that human interferences can be avoided. It was found that the fiber content of a fabric is a determinant factor for crease recovery performance and the weave structure can affect this performance to some extent. Crease recovery also varies with the way of folding the specimen. The recoveries of fabrics with different fiber materials tend to stabilize in different durations, proving the universal testing time set in the current standard test methods is unsuitable for some fabrics.
The Trace Criterion for Kernel Bandwidth Selection for Support Vector Data Description (2018)

Support vector data description (SVDD) is a popular anomaly detection technique. The SVDD classifier partitions the whole data space into an inlier region, which consists of the region near the training data, and an outlier region, which consists of points away from the training data. The computation of the SVDD classifier requires a kernel function, for which the Gaussian kernel is a common choice. The Gaussian kernel has a bandwidth parameter, and it is important to set the value of this parameter correctly for good results. A small bandwidth leads to overfitting such that the resulting SVDD classifier overestimates the number of anomalies, whereas a large bandwidth leads to underfitting and an inability to detect many anomalies. In this paper, we present a new unsupervised method for selecting the Gaussian kernel bandwidth. Our method exploits a low-rank representation of the kernel matrix to suggest a kernel bandwidth value. Our new technique is competitive with the current state of the art for low-dimensional data and performs extremely well for many classes of high-dimensional data. Because the mathematical formulation of SVDD is identical with the mathematical formulation of one-class support vector machines (OCSVM) when the Gaussian kernel is used, our method is equally applicable to Gaussian kernel bandwidth tuning for OCSVM.
EM-Based On-Chip Aging Sensor for Detection of Recycled ICs (2016)

Counterfeiting integrated circuits (ICs), especially recycled ICs, have become a major security threat for commercial and military systems. This paper proposes a new lightweight on-chip aging sensor, which is based on electromigration-induced aging effects for fast detection and prevention of recycled ICs. Compared to other existing aging sensors, the proposed sensor can provide more accurate prediction of the chip usage time with smaller area footprints, as demonstrated by the statistical simulation results presented in the article.
High speed 3D scanner with real-time 3D processing (2004)

A novel 3D sensing system with real-time 3D processing has been developed which is capable of scanning an object at very high speeds (greater than 500,000 3D points/second) and creating high-resolution 3D surface maps. Laser triangulation is used in conjunction with a high-resolution camera, a laser diode, and processing electronics all incorporated into a small sensor package that traverses linearly or rotates from a fixed position to scan an object. Processing is done on board the instrument and the resultant 3D data is transmitted to a PC. This results in rapid scans, with 3D images produced as the instrument is scanning. The sensing system was developed for the NASA Mars rover program and for the inspection of Shuttle Thermal Protection System (tiles), radiator, and structures.
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer as a chemical sensor (2008)

We present a resonant chemical sensor based on a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology. Depending on the frequency of the devices (18 to 32 MHz), the mass sensitivity per unit area ranges from 73 to 130 zg/Hz/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . We functionalized the 18-MHz device with polyisobutylene (PIB) to detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a common simulant for the sarin nerve agent. Even with only a 50-nm thick coating layer, our sensor has a high volume sensitivity of 37 ppbv/Hz to DMMP in air. Taking advantage of multiple CMUT cells (100 to 2240), all resonating in parallel, the sensor achieves an equivalent volume resolution of 21 ppbv (parts per 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> by volume) to DMMP. In addition, 200 test cycles with DMMP applied over 26 hours revealed a zero false alarm rate and a 4.7% (3-σ) variation of volume sensitivity to DMMP. By using principal component analysis (PCA), we successfully classified all analytes in 21 experiments, and we present the results of pattern recognition. This work demonstrates that CMUT has a great potential for the sensitive, reliable, and yet portable chemical sensing systems.
Promise of cancer stem cell vaccine (2015)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines designed to target cancer stem cells (CSC) can induce significant antitumor responses via conferring host anti-CSC immunity. Our recent studies have demonstrated that CSC-DC vaccine could inhibit metastasis of primary tumors and induce humoral immune responses against cancer stem cells. This approach highlights the promise of cancer stem cell vaccine in cancer immunotherapy.
A model-theoretic approach to data anonymity and inference control (2012)

In secure data management the inference problem occurs when data classified at a high security level becomes inferrible from data classified at lower levels. We present a model-theoretic approach to this problem that captures the epistemic state of the database user as a set of possible worlds or models. Privacy is enforced by requiring the existence of k > 1 models assigning distinct values to sensitive attributes, and implemented via model counting. We provide an algorithm mechanizing this process and show that it is sound and complete for a large class of queries.
Diffuse optical imaging for breast screening using a dual-direction measuring module of parallel-plate architecture (2018)

A working prototype of an optical breast imaging system involving a dual-direction parallel-plate scanning scheme in combination with a mammography machine was demonstrated and applied in imaging healthy and malignant breasts in a clinical environment.
Multiple angle-tuned étalon filters for optical channel selection in wavelength-division multiplexed and optical frequency-division multiplexed direct-detection transmission systems (1988)

We propose and demonstrate the use of multiple angle-tuned in-line Fabry-Perot étalon filters for tunable optical channel selection in wavelength-division multiplexed and optical frequency-division multiplexed direct-direction fiber transmission systems. Feasibility is experimentally demonstrated with two stacked identical étalons [free spectral range (FSR) of 74 nm with a finesse of 50 for each étalon] and with two stacked nonidentical étalons (FSR of 8 and 2 nm, respectively, with a finesse of 76 for both étalons). The stacked étalons are used to select the individual modes of a multilongitudinal-mode semiconductor laser output in the 1550-nm region. The method allows the selection of tens or possibly hundreds of closely spaced optical channels, because the reduction of channel spacing to much less than 1 mm is feasible, and the resultant FSR of stacked nonidentical étalons can be made much larger than their individual FSR’s.