gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods Development for the Isolation and Culture of Primary Corneal Endothelial Cells (2017)

Abstract : The vesicating agent sulfur mustard (SM) continues to represent a worldwide threat because of the compound's ease of production, minimal cost of manufacturing, widespread stockpiling and the lack of definitive medical treatment. The vast majority of SM exposure cases involve corneal injury. At low-exposure doses, ocular irritation and inflammation will resolve within weeks and generally will not recur. However, higher exposure levels may result in a second phase of pathology that can arise decades after initial symptoms have resolved. These patients experience repeated cycles of severe edema, corneal erosion, pathological angiogenesis and corneal scarring that can eventually result in blindness. The medical complications of late-onset ocular SM injury are collectively referred to as mustard gas keratopathy (MGK). Prevailing evidence suggests that late onset MGK may result from a deficit in corneal endothelial cells (CECs). If so, cellular therapy intended to replenish CECs lost to injury and age may represent an effective approach in the treatment or prevention of MGK onset. Here we discuss a systematic evaluation of in vitro CEC propagation methods. These investigations define optimized protocols for CEC culture expansion to pharmaceutically relevant cell numbers, enabling cell replacement therapy as a potential option in the treatment of MGK.
Fast, low insertion-loss optical switch using lithographically defined electromagnetic microactuators and polymeric passive alignment structures (1998)

A micro-optoelectromechanical switch that combines microactuator technology developed via the Lithographie Galvanformung Abformung process with lithographically defined polymeric alignment elements is described. The multimode optical switch achieves submillisecond switching times, low insertion loss (&lt;1 dB), low cross talk (&lt;70 dB), low voltage (3 V), and wavelength independence.
Normal probability testing of snore signals for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (2009)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease in which upper airways are collapsed during sleep, leading to serious consequences. The standard method of OSA diagnosis is known as Polysomnography (PSG), which requires an overnight stay in a specifically equipped facility, connected to over 15 channels of measurements. PSG requires (i) contact instrumentation and, (ii) the expert human scoring of a vast amount of data based on subjective criteria. PSG is expensive, time consuming and is difficult to use in community screening or pediatric assessment. Snoring is the most common symptom of OSA. Despite the vast potential, however, it is not currently used in the clinical diagnosis of OSA. In this paper, we propose a novel method of snore signal analysis for the diagnosis of OSA. The method is based on a novel feature that quantifies the non-Gaussianity of individual episodes of snoring. The proposed method was evaluated using overnight clinical snore sound recordings of 86 subjects. The recordings were made concurrently with routine PSG, which was used to establish the ground truth via standard clinical diagnostic procedures. The results indicated that the developed method has a detectability accuracy of 97.34%.
Adaptive image coding with robust channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (2002)

We present an error-robust channel-optimized image coder for the transmission of imagery over noisy channels. The proposed coder uses a robust channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (COTCQ) stage that is designed to optimized the image coding based on the channel characteristics. The resilience to channel errors is obtained only at the level of the source encoder, with no explicit use of channel coding. The robust nature of the coder increases the security level of the encoded bit stream, and eliminates impulsive artifacts induced by channel errors. A novel adaptive classification scheme is employed to increase coding efficiency by exploiting image nonstationarities. Consequently, the proposed channel-optimized image coder is especially suitable for wireless transmission due to its reduced complexity, its robustness to nonstationary signals and channels, and its increased security level. Simulation results show that our coder provides outstanding quantitative and subjective coding performance for a wide variety of channel conditions.
Towards collaborative security and P2P intrusion detection (2005)

The increasing array of Internet-scale threats is a pressing problem for every organization that utilizes the network. Organizations have limited resources to detect and respond to these threats. The end-to-end (E2E) sharing of information related to probes and attacks is a facet of an emerging trend toward "collaborative security". The key benefit of a collaborative approach to intrusion detection is a better view of global network attack activity. Augmenting the information obtained at a single site with information gathered from across the network can provide a more precise model of an attacker's behavior and intent. While many organizations see value in adopting such a collaborative approach, some challenges must be addressed before intrusion detection can be performed on an inter-organizational scale. We report on our experience developing and deploying a decentralized system for efficiently distributing alerts to collaborating peers. Our system, worminator, extracts relevant information from alert streams and encodes it in bloom filters. This information forms the basis of a distributed watchlist. The watchlist can be distributed via a choice of mechanisms ranging from a centralized trusted third party to a decentralized P2P-style overlay network.
An application specific embeddable flash memory system for non-volatile storage of code, data and bit-streams for embedded FPGA configurations (2004)

A 8 Mb application-specific embeddable flash memory is presented. It features 3 content-specific I/O ports, delivers a peak read throughput of 1.2 GB/S, and, combined with a special automatic programming gate voltage ramp generator circuit, a programming rate of 1Mbyte/s for non-volatile storage of code, data and embedded FPGA bit stream configurations. The test chip has been designed using a NOR type 0.18 /spl mu/m flash embedded technology with 1.8 V power supply, 2 poly, 6 metal and memory cell size of 0.35 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Activation of Human Prothrombin by Arginine-specific Cysteine Proteinases (Gingipains R) from Porphyromonas gingivalis * (2001)

The effect of 95- (HRgpA) and 50-kDa gingipain R (RgpB), arginine-specific cysteine proteinases from periodontopathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis on human prothrombin activation was investigated. Each enzyme released thrombin from prothrombin in a dose- and time-dependent manner with the former enzyme, containing adhesion domains, being 17-fold more efficient than the single chain RgpB. A close correlation between the generation of fibrinogen clotting activity and amidolytic activity indicated that alpha-thrombin was produced by gingipains R, and this was confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thrombin active site labeling, and amino-terminal sequence analysis of prothrombin digestion fragments. Significantly, the catalytic efficiency of HRgpA to generate thrombin (k(cat)/K(m) = 1.2 x 10(6) m(-)1 s(-)1) was 100-fold higher than that of RgpB (k(cat)/K(m) = 1.2 x 10(4) m(-)1 s(-)1). The superior prothrombinase activity of HRgpA over RgpB correlates with the fact that only the former enzyme was able to clot plasma, and kinetic data indicate that prothrombin activation can occur in vivo. At P. gingivalis-infected periodontitis sites HRgpA may be involved in the direct production of thrombin and, therefore, in the generation of prostaglandins and interleukin-1, both have been found to be associated with the development and progression of the disease. Furthermore, by taking into account that the P. gingivalis bacterium has been immunolocalized in carotid atherosclerotic plaques at thrombus formation sites (Chiu, B. (1999) Am. Heart J. 138, S534-S536), our results indicate that bacterial proteinases may potentially participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease associated with periodontitis.
Pharmacology of near infrared nerve-specific fluorophores for fluorescence-guided nerve sparing surgical procedures (2021)

Nerve damage plagues surgical outcomes, significantly affecting post-surgical quality of life. Intraoperative nerve detection is difficult since neuroanatomy is varilable between patients, and nerves are typically protected deep within the tissue. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) offers a potential means for enhanced intraoperative nerve identification and preservation. We have developed the first near infrared (NIR) nerve-specific fluorophores for use during FGS. Lead optimization has yielded water soluble derivatives with excellent safety and pharmacology parameters. Work is underway to plan and execute preclinical toxicity testing to enable first-in-human clincial trials.
Rapid Identification of <i>Bacteroides gingivalis</i> (1982)

Rapid colorimetric tests for trypsin and alpha-glucosidase are described for use in the identification of Bacteroides gingivalis from dental plaque.
<i>Ty‐1</i> , a universal resistance gene against geminiviruses that is compromised by co‐replication of a betasatellite (2019)

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus, causes large yield losses and breeding for resistance is an effective way to combat this viral disease. The resistance gene Ty-1 codes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and has recently been shown to enhance transcriptional gene silencing of TYLCV. Whereas Ty-1 was earlier shown to also confer resistance to a bipartite begomovirus, here it is shown that Ty-1 is probably generic to all geminiviruses. A tomato Ty-1 introgression line, but also stable transformants of susceptible tomato cv. Moneymaker and Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) expressing the Ty-1 gene, exhibited resistance to begomoviruses as well as to the distinct, leafhopper-transmitted beet curly top virus, a curtovirus. Stable Ty-1 transformants of N. benthamiana and tomato showed fewer symptoms and reduced viral titres on infection compared to wild-type plants. TYLCV infections in wild-type N. benthamiana plants in the additional presence of a betasatellite led to increased symptom severity and a consistent, slightly lowered virus titre relative to the high averaged levels seen in the absence of the betasatellite. On the contrary, in Ty-1 transformed N. benthamiana viral titres increased in the presence of the betasatellite. The same was observed when these Ty-1-encoding plants were challenged with TYLCV and a potato virus X construct expressing the RNA interference suppressor protein βC1 encoded by the betasatellite. The resistance spectrum of Ty-1 and the durability of the resistance are discussed in light of antiviral RNA interference and viral counter defence strategies.
Sense amplifier-based flip-flop (2003)

Timing elements, latches and flip-flops, are critical to performance of digital systems, due to tighter timing constraints and low power requirements. Short setup and hold times are essential, but often overlooked. Recently reported flip-flop structures achieved small delay between the latest point of data arrival and output transition. Typical representatives of these structures are sense amplifier-based flip-flop (SAFF), hybrid latch-flip-flop (HLFF) and semi-dynamic flipflop (SDFF). Hybrid flip-flops outperform reported sense amplifier-based designs, because the latter are limited by the output latch implementation. SAFF consists ofthe sense amplifier in the first stage and the RS latch in the second stage.
Role of petunia <i>pMADS3</i> in determination of floral organ and meristem identity, as revealed by its loss of function (2002)

pMADS3, a petunia class C gene, is the candidate homologue of Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG), which is involved in the specification of stamens and carpels. We report the characterization of loss-of-function phenotype of pMADS3 that resulted from silencing of this gene. Silencing of pMADS3 resulted in homeotic conversion of stamens into petaloid structures, whereas the carpels were only weakly affected. Ectopic secondary inflorescences emerged from the interstamenal region in the third whorl, which is unique and has not been reported for any class C gene of other plant species. Third-order inflorescences emerged at corresponding positions in the third whorl of inner flowers of secondary inflorescences, indicating reiterative conversion of parts of the floral meristem into inflorescence meristem. On the basis of phenotypic analysis of the pMADS3-silenced plants, we propose that pMADS3 is involved in determination of floral organ and floral meristem identity in petunia. Two hybrid studies in yeast showed that PMADS3 protein interacted specifically with FBP2, a candidate homologue of Arabidopsis SEPALLATA3 (SEP3). The evidence presented here suggest that a complex involving PMADS3 and FBP2 is responsible for specification of organ identity in the third whorl.
Wearable and Flexible Textile Electrodes for Biopotential Signal Monitoring: A review (2019)

Wearable electronics is a rapidly growing field that recently started to introduce successful commercial products into the consumer electronics market. Employment of biopotential signals in wearable systems as either biofeedbacks or control commands are expected to revolutionize many technologies including point of care health monitoring systems, rehabilitation devices, human–computer/machine interfaces (HCI/HMIs), and brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). Since electrodes are regarded as a decisive part of such products, they have been studied for almost a decade now, resulting in the emergence of textile electrodes. This study presents a systematic review of wearable textile electrodes in physiological signal monitoring, with discussions on the manufacturing of conductive textiles, metrics to assess their performance as electrodes, and an investigation of their application in the acquisition of critical biopotential signals for routine monitoring, assessment, and exploitation of cardiac (electrocardiography, ECG), neural (electroencephalography, EEG), muscular (electromyography, EMG), and ocular (electrooculography, EOG) functions.
Neural net-based identification of cells expressing the p300 tumor-related antigen using fluorescence image analysis (1997)

We report on preliminary investigations of the use of an image analysis system to perform preliminary algorithmic classification of images of fluorochrome-labeled cells followed by capture of gray-level images of potentially abnormal cells for analysis by a neural network. Cells were labeled with an antibody against a bladder cancer tumor-associated antigen, and the neural net was used to distinguish true-positive cells from negative cells, false-positive cells (autofluorescent or nonspecific labeling), and cell-sized artifacts. Gray-level cell images were digitized and processed for analysis by a feed-forward neural network using back-propagation. The network was trained and tested with two independent image sets. Various network configurations and activation functions were investigated, including a sinusoidal activation function. At high power, the network agreed completely with the human observer's classification. At low power, a strong clustering of cells classified by the network with expert classification was seen, while the neural network showed roughly 75% concordance with the human observer. In addition, a set of four features extracted from raw cell images were investigated. The features were: shape factor, texture, area, and average pixel intensity. A network trained with these features performed better than one operating with gray-level images. We conclude that using neural networks to recognize and classify images captured by an image analysis microscope is feasible.
Taxonomic characterization of the cellulose-degrading bacterium NCIB 10462 (1994)

The gram negative cellulase-producing bacterium NCIB 10462 has been previously named Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. or var. cellulosa. Since there is renewed interest in cellulose-degrading bacteria for use in bioconversion of cellulose to chemical feed stocks and fuels, we re-examined the characteristics of this microorganism to determine its proper taxonomic characterization and to further define it`s true metabolic potential. Metabolic and physical characterization of NCIB 10462 revealed that this was an alkalophilic, non-fermentative, gram negative, oxidase positive, motile, cellulose-degrading bacterium. The aerobic substrate utilization profile of this bacterium was found to have few characteristics consistent with a classification of P. fluorescens with a very low probability match with the genus Sphingomonas. Total lipid analysis did not reveal that any sphingolipid bases are produced by this bacterium. NCIB 10462 was found to grow best aerobically but also grows well in complex media under reducing conditions. NCIB 10462 grew slowly under full anaerobic conditions on complex media but growth on cellulosic media was found only under aerobic conditions. Total fatty acid analysis (MIDI) of NCIB 10462 failed to group this bacterium with a known pseudomonas species. However, fatty acid analysis of the bacteria when grown at temperatures below 37{degrees}C suggest that the organism is a pseudomonad. Since a predominant characteristic of this bacterium is it`s ability to degrade cellulose, we suggest it be called Pseudomonas cellulosa.
Transparent clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites (1996)

A great deal of research has been conducted on organic-inorganic hybrid composite in which smectite clays are used as reinforcement agents. However, little work has been devoted to derivatives of layered silicic acids. This is the first work showing that alkylammonium exchanged magadtite can be exfoliated by in vita intragallery polymerization during the epoxy thermoset process. The exfoliated epoxy-magadtite nanocomposites possessed unique transparent optical properties. By using different onium ions, we obtained intercalated and exfoliated epoxy-magadtite nanocomposites. When the matrix was flexible (subambient Tg), both the tensile strength and modulus increased with increasing silicate content. We have quantitatively demonstrated the dependence of mechanical properties on the extent of silicate layer separation. We also have investigated the effect of long chain alkylammonium ions on the mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites.
General solution of the problem of perfect geodesic lenses for integrated optics (1979)

The problem of designing waveguide geodesic lenses for integrated optical processing is considered. Geodesic lenses are, at present, the best solution whenever crystals of high refractive index must be used as substrates. A good geodesic lens has to be constituted by a surface of rotation, coupled without discontinuities with the planar optical circuit. The present paper derives, by an analytical procedure, the general expression for the profile of aspherical geodesic lenses able to form perfect geometrical images of the points of two given concentric circles on each other. In particular, the equations that characterize a family of lenses having two conjugate foci external to the lens depression are given. The case of one external and one internal focus is only outlined because it is less important in practice. The advantage of this analytical method is represented by the clear theoretical approach that allows a large flexibility in the lens design without long expensive computations.
Zeolite catalyst and process for using the catalyst (C-1591) (1987)

A process is described for reforming naphtha which comprises (a) contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen at elevated temperatures with a catalyst. The catalyst comprises a type L zeolite containing exchangeable cations of which at least 75 percent are selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, calcium and barium cations and containing at least one Group VIII noble metal from the Periodic Table of Elements. It is characterized in that the particles of the noble metal prior to reduction thereof are well dispersed over the surface of the catalyst and at least about 90% of the noble metal prior to reduction thereof is dispersed in the form of particles having a diameter of less than about 7 A, and (b) recovering the reformed product.
A new linear predictor employing vector quantization in nonorthogonal domains for high quality speech coding (2003)

Recently, signal processing in multiple nonorthogonal domains has been reported that further enhances the efficiency of waveform and Linear Prediction (LP) model based signal representation. In this contribution, a novel LP model based coding technique is presented where the advantages of multiple nonorthogonal domain representations of LP coefficients and the prediction residuals are exploited in conjunction with vector quantization to yield considerable LP coding enhancement. The proposed signal coding technique is applied to speech signals and the resulting performance improvement is clearly demonstrated in terms of the reconstruction quality for the same bit rate compared to the existing single domain vector quantization techniques.
Enhanced Activity of Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) Bound to Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (2011)

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is an important non-collagenous cartilage protein that is essential for the structural integrity of the cartilage extracellular matrix. The repeated modular structure of COMP allows it to "bridge" and assemble multiple cartilage extracellular matrix components such as collagens, matrilins, and proteoglycans. With its modular structure, COMP also has the potential to act as a scaffold for growth factors, thereby affecting how and when the growth factors are presented to cell-surface receptors. However, it is not known whether COMP binds growth factors. We studied the binding interaction between COMP and TGF-β1 in vitro and determined the effect of COMP on TGF-β1-induced signal transduction in reporter cell lines and primary cells. Our results demonstrate that mature COMP protein binds to multiple TGF-β1 molecules and that the peak binding occurs at slightly acidic pH. These interactions were confirmed by dual polarization interferometry and visualized by rotary shadow electron microscopy. There is cation-independent binding of TGF-β1 to the C-terminal domain of COMP. In the presence of manganese, an additional TGF-β-binding site is present in the TSP3 repeats of COMP. Finally, we show that COMP-bound TGF-β1 causes increased TGF-β1-dependent transcription. We conclude that TGF-β1 binds to COMP and that TGF-β1 bound to COMP has enhanced bioactivity.