gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Docosanoids and elovanoids from omega-3 fatty acids are pro-homeostatic modulators of inflammatory responses, cell damage and neuroprotection (2018)

The functional significance of the selective enrichment of the omega-3 essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22C and 6 double bonds) in cellular membrane phospholipids of the nervous system is being clarified by defining its specific roles on membrane protein function and by the uncovering of the bioactive mediators, docosanoids and elovanoids (ELVs). Here, we describe the preferential uptake and DHA metabolism in photoreceptors and brain as well as the significance of the Adiponectin receptor 1 in DHA retention and photoreceptor cell (PRC) survival. We now know that this integral membrane protein is engaged in DHA retention as a necessary event for the function of PRCs and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. We present an overview of how a) NPD1 selectively mediates preconditioning rescue of RPE and PR cells; b) NPD1 restores aberrant neuronal networks in experimental epileptogenesis; c) the decreased ability to biosynthesize NPD1 in memory hippocampal areas of early stages of Alzheimer's disease takes place; d) NPD1 protection of dopaminergic circuits in an in vitro model using neurotoxins; and e) bioactivity elicited by DHA and NPD1 activate a neuroprotective gene-expression program that includes the expression of Bcl-2 family members affected by Aβ42, DHA, or NPD1. In addition, we highlight ELOVL4 (ELOngation of Very Long chain fatty acids-4), specifically the neurological and ophthalmological consequences of its mutations, and their role in providing precursors for the biosynthesis of ELVs. Then we outline evidence of ELVs ability to protect RPE cells, which sustain PRC integrity. In the last section, we present a summary of the protective bioactivity of docosanoids and ELVs in experimental ischemic stroke. The identification of early mechanisms of neural cell survival mediated by DHA-synthesized ELVs and docosanoids contributes to the understanding of cell function, pro-homeostatic cellular modulation, inflammatory responses, and innate immunity, opening avenues for prevention and therapeutic applications in neurotrauma, stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
Na<sub>5</sub>AlF<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>: Darstellung, Kristallstruktur und Ionenleitfähigkeit (1987)

Abstract Zwei unabhängige Verfahren (Fällung aus wäßriger Lösung und Festkörperreaktion) zur Darstellung vom vorher unbekannten Na 5 AlF 2 (PO 4 ) 2 wurden optimiert. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit Diffraktometerdaten aufgeklärt (P 3 , a = b = 10,483(1), c = 6,607(1) Å, MoKα, 1080 unabhängige Reflexe, R w = 0,025). PO 4 ‐Tetraeder und AlO 4 F 2 ‐„Oktaeder”︁ sind über gemeinsame Ecken zu einem zweidimensional ausgedehnten Heteropolyanion verknüpft. Natrium befindet sich in miteinander verbundenen Röhren des [AlF 2 (PO 4 ) 2 ]‐Teils der Struktur. Die aufgrund der Strukturmerkmale zu erwartende Natriumionenleitfähigkeit wird experimentell bestätigt.
Characterization and Polymerization of Thienylphenyl and Selenylphenyl Amines and Their Interaction with CdSe Quantum Dots (2011)

Hybrid quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells show promising novel optoelectronic properties. An adequate design of such cells requires a deep understanding of the characteristics of each component, including their interactions. In this context, the electrochemical properties of two different hole-transporting materials (HTMs) and their chemical interactions with trioctylphosphine-capped CdSe quantum dots are investigated to evaluate their potential use in hybrid quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. Tris[4-(thien-2-yl)phenyl]amine (TTPA) and tris[4-(selen-2-yl)phenyl]amine (TSePA) are studied in the solid state as thin films deposited on a conducting substrate. Spectroelectrochemical studies evidence both solid-state electropolymerization and doping. Upon addition of TSePA or partially polymerized TTPA to a colloidal solution of trioctylphosphine-capped CdSe quantum dots, the steady-state photoluminescence is quenched. This suggests that the quantum dots and the HTM strongly interact, probably through an excited-state charge-transfer mechanism. The combination of all these pieces of information indicates that polymerized TTPA and TSePA are potential candidates as HTMs for hybrid quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells.
VEGF gene expression is upregulated in electrically stimulated rat skeletal muscle (1995)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; also called vascular permeability factor) is a secreted mitogen with distinct target cell specificity for vascular endothelial cells. Hypoxia upregulates VEGF expression, making it a likely mediator of the angiogenesis that occurs in poorly perfused tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine whether VEGF gene expression is upregulated in chronically stimulated skeletal muscles, where hypoxia is thought to trigger the growth of blood vessels. The right anterior tibialis and extensor digitorum longus muscles of 12 rats were stimulated electrically (10 Hz, 300 microseconds pulses) for up to 21 days by way of the peroneal motor nerve. The contralateral muscles served as control. Northern analysis showed that VEGF mRNA levels increased by approximately sixfold after 4 days of stimulation and then decreased gradually over the next several days. VEGF mRNA levels were still elevated by two- to threefold after 21 days of stimulation. Higher VEGF mRNA levels in the early stages of muscle stimulation and gradually decreasing levels in later stages are consistent with a metabolic hypothesis in which tissue oxygenation controls VEGF expression. These studies support the hypothesis that VEGF has a physiological role in promoting angiogenesis in stimulated skeletal muscle.
The detection and biotransformation of guanabenz in horses: a preliminary report. (2003)

Guanabenz (2,6-dichlorobenzylidene-amino-guanidine) is a centrally acting antihypertensive drug whose mechanism of action is via alpha2 adrenoceptors or, more likely, imidazoline receptors. Guanabenz is marketed as an antihypertensive agent in human medicine (Wytensin tablets, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals). Guanabenz has reportedly been administered to racing horses and is classified by the Association of Racing Commissioners International as a class 3 foreign substance. As such, its identification in a postrace sample may result in significant sanctions against the trainer of the horse. The present study examined liquid chromatographic/tandem quadrupole mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) detection of guanabenz in serum samples from horses treated with guanabenz by rapid i.v. injection at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/kg. Using a method adapted from previous work with clenbuterol, the parent compound was detected in serum with an apparent limit of detection of approximately 0.03 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation was 0.2 ng/ml. Serum concentrations of guanabenz peaked at approximately 100 ng/ml after the 0.2 mg/kg dose, and the parent compound was detected for up to 8 hours after the 0.04 mg/kg dose. Urine samples tested after administration of guanabenz at these dosages yielded evidence of at least one glucuronide metabolite, with the glucuronide ring apparently linked to a ring hydroxyl group or a guanidinium hydroxylamine. The LC-MS/MS results presented here form the basis of a confirmatory test for guanabenz in racing horses.
Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase and immunity against parasite fecundity and egg viability. Role of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains (1993)

We have previously shown that a mAb that inhibits the enzymatic activity of the Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase (Sm28 GST) also reduces female worm fecundity and egg viability in vivo and in vitro. By peptidic epitope mapping and an activity reconstitution assay, the carboxyl terminus (CT) amino acid residues 190-211 and to a lesser extent the truncated amino terminus (NT) residues 10-43 of the enzyme were identified as mAb recognition sites. Sera from rats immunized with the NT (10-43) and CT (190-211) peptides showed a partial inhibitory effect on Sm28 GST activity in a late phase (6 to 7 wk) but not in an early phase (2 to 4 wk) after immunization. Passive transfer of Sm28 GST-inhibiting anti-N- and C-terminal sera, but not of the noninhibitory sera, protected the infected mice by reducing tissue egg deposition and the ability of eggs to hatch. In active immunization experiments, the CT peptide significantly decreased the worm burden (37 to 40%) in mice as did the rSm28 GST (28 to 52%). In terms of tissue egg deposition and egg-hatching ability, immunization with both the NT and CT peptides reproduced the reduction observed after immunization with rSm28 GST. A constant reduction in egg numbers was noted in the small intestines and the livers of the immunized mice. A clear reduction in the ability of intestinal or hepatic eggs to hatch was observed. The results are discussed in terms of the conformational participation of the NT and CT of Sm28 in the expression of GST activity.
31.2: A5 Sized Electronic Paper Display for Document Viewing (2005)

Abstract A new active matrix electronic paper display (EPD) prototype targeting medium format document viewing applications has been developed using electrophoretic technology manufactured by E Ink Corporation. The prototype panel represents an unprecedented step upward in absolute resolution and total viewable area over commercially available products, while also introducing a novel controller architecture for image stable displays.
Auto-Context and Its Application to High-Level Vision Tasks and 3D Brain Image Segmentation (2009)

The notion of using context information for solving high-level vision and medical image segmentation problems has been increasingly realized in the field. However, how to learn an effective and efficient context model, together with an image appearance model, remains mostly unknown. The current literature using Markov Random Fields (MRFs) and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) often involves specific algorithm design in which the modeling and computing stages are studied in isolation. In this paper, we propose a learning algorithm, auto-context. Given a set of training images and their corresponding label maps, we first learn a classifier on local image patches. The discriminative probability (or classification confidence) maps created by the learned classifier are then used as context information, in addition to the original image patches, to train a new classifier. The algorithm then iterates until convergence. Auto-context integrates low-level and context information by fusing a large number of low-level appearance features with context and implicit shape information. The resulting discriminative algorithm is general and easy to implement. Under nearly the same parameter settings in training, we apply the algorithm to three challenging vision applications: foreground/background segregation, human body configuration estimation, and scene region labeling. Moreover, context also plays a very important role in medical/brain images where the anatomical structures are mostly constrained to relatively fixed positions. With only some slight changes resulting from using 3D instead of 2D features, the auto-context algorithm applied to brain MRI image segmentation is shown to outperform state-of-the-art algorithms specifically designed for this domain. Furthermore, the scope of the proposed algorithm goes beyond image analysis and it has the potential to be used for a wide variety of problems for structured prediction problems.
Dr. CU 2.0: A Scalable Detailed Routing Framework with Correct-by-Construction Design Rule Satisfaction (2019)

Detailed routing becomes a crucial challenge in VLSI design with shrinking feature size and increasing design complexity. More complicated design rules were added to guarantee manufacturability, which made detailed routing an even harder task to achieve in the design flow. In this paper, we propose a detailed router that judiciously handles hard-to-access pins and new design rules including length-dependent parallel run length spacing, end-of-line spacing with parallel edges, and corner-to-corner spacing. Our experimental results show that our framework can effectively reduce the number of violations with comparable wirelength. Comparing our algorithm with the best score of each released designs in the ISPD'19 Contest, there is 2% score improvement. Compared with the state-of-the-art work, our algorithm achieves 69% better scores. The source code of Dr. CU 2.0 is available at https://github.com/cuhk-eda/dr-cu.
Navy Demonstration Project (2006)

Abstract The Navy Demonstration Project is a multi-layered collaborative research project between architects, material, and structural engineers the end product of which is a 5,400 square foot demonstration building for the U.S. Navy designed and built by architecture students at the Wood Materials Engineering Laboratory on the campus of Washington State University (Figures 1, 2). The project is a unique combination of design and science; it engages a series of experiments with new material development in the field of plastic wood composites, building envelope design and structural engineering. On the one hand, the project was an exploration into design possibilities inherent in engineered products such as wood-plastic composites, Oriented Strand Board (OSB), Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and I-joists; on the other hand, the project was an exploration of the engineering potentials in these same materials. The building is possibly the first in the world to use wood-plastic composites so extensively and for such a wide variety of applications.
Fc<sub>ε</sub>RII/CD23: The Low Affinity Receptor for IgE (1990)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Models, Models, and Models (2013)

Abstract Michael Dummett famously maintained that analytic philosophy was simply philosophy that followed Frege in treating the philosophy of language as the basis for all other philosophy (1978, 441). But one important insight to emerge from computer science is how difficult it is to animate the linguistic artifacts that the analysis of thought produces. Yet, modeling the effects of thought requires a new skill that goes beyond analysis: procedural literacy. Some of the most promising research in philosophy makes use of a variety of modeling techniques that go beyond basic logic and elementary probability theory. What unifies this approach is a focus on what Alan Perlis called procedural literacy . This essay argues that the future spoils in philosophical research will disproportionally go to those who are procedurally literate.
Will’s Prosthesis (2021)

This essay thinks with the language of Disability Studies to develop a new understanding of the representation of Anima in Piers Plowman. Anima, I argue, represents a narrative and physiological prosthesis which supplements Will’s disability bodily, intellectually, and spiritually. Anima also exceeds conventional definitions of prosthesis as an extraordinary body himself. Finally, he enhances all Christian life, bringing into focus a new perspective on the poem’s theology: Christian salvation requires prosthesis.
An algorithm for profilometry by white-light phase-shifting interferometry (1996)

Abstract In the case of white-light interferometry, the usual phase shifting methods cannot be used because the modulation in the interference intensity is due to both the phase variation and to the coherence envelope. We propose a practical approach in which the coherence envelope is considered as locally linear. The classical four-point calculation algorithm is adapted to a set of seven intensities which are weighted with adapted coefficients in order to compensate for the effect of the coherence envelope. The capabilities of this method are described theoretically.
Feasibility of an Interpenetrated Polymer Network System Made of Di-block Copolymer Composed of Polyethylene Oxide and Polystyrene as the Gel Electrolyte for Lithium Secondary Batteries (2008)

The feasibility of a di-block copolymer, composed of a polyethylene oxide (PEO) chain and a polystyrene (PS) chain covalently bonded, as the gel electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries was investigated. The PEO-PS di-block copolymer gel electrolyte showed a high ionic conductivity of ∼1 mS/cm at room temperature. Moreover, it retained good mechanical strength within a co-continuous phase separated structure, and it suppressed the dendritic deposition of Li. Indications were that the interface between the electrolyte and the Li metal was chemically stable, as a result of the PEO phase fixed to PS by covalent bonding. In addition, it was indicated that the Li/PEOPS di-block copolymer gel electrolyte/LiFePO4 cell had a high charge-discharge efficiency of ∼99% during 30 cycles, while maintaining a discharge capacity of 124 mAh/g.
Covalently Linked, Transparent Silica–Poly(imide) Hybrids (1997)

Silica–poly(imide) hybrid materials have been developed which rely on interactions between the organic and inorganic phases to improve homogeneity. Using this method, transparent hybrids have been formed over all compositions studied. The hybrids show improved hardness and modulus with increasing silica content. Links between the two phases result in very finely divided microstructures. Hybrids such as these might be very important as barrier layers or scratch-resistant coatings. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical methods for food and drink analysis (1992)

Abstract This review article assesses the status of electroanalysis in the food industry. Modern trends in electroanalysis, which offer unique possibilities for assays of foods and drinks, and for monitoring food production processes, are discussed. Particular attention is given to the utility of new biocatalytic sensors, stripping techniques, and electrochemical flow detectors in the food industry. More than 90 references are given and future prospects are discussed.
An intelligent system for electrocardiogram diagnosis (2002)

A primary research real-time system for obtaining a diagnostic description of an electrocardiogram (ECG) sequence has been developed and tested. The knowledge about the ECG has been obtained from highly skilled and experienced physicians and conclusions are drawn by forward reasoning and refinement into an heuristic approach based on rules. On the low level, the ECG parameters are extracted and patterns are recognized; these data are the input for the high level processing. Tests with 50 rules gave correct descriptions as compared to the diagnosis of a physician. The coincident rate of diagnostic results is over 90 percent.
The use of quinacrine pellets for non-surgical female sterilisation (1993)

(1993). The use of quinacrine pellets for non-surgical female sterilisation. Reproductive Health Matters: Vol. 1, Making abortion safe and legal, pp. 119-122.
Optimization of a parallel hole collimator/CdZnTe gamma‐camera architecture for scintimammography (2011)

Acquisition duration or injected activity could be markedly reduced if the HiSens architecture with an appropriate collimator-detector gap were used.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinylcyclohexane) derivatives (1995)

Abstract Six nearly monodisperse substituted poly(styrene) homopolymers, poly(styrene) (PS), poly(2‐methylstyrene) (P2MS), poly(3‐methylstyrene) (P3MS), poly(4‐methylstyrene) (P4MS), poly(tertiary‐butylstyrene) (PtBS), and poly(α‐methylstyrene) (FαMS) were anionically polymerized and subsequently saturated using heterogeneous hydrogenation techniques to poly(vinylcyclohexane) (PVCH), poly(2‐methylvinylcyclohexane) (P2MVCH), poly(3‐methylvinylcyclohexane) (P3MVCH), poly(4‐methylvinylcyclohexane) (P4MVCH), and poly(tertiary‐butylvinylcyclohexane) (PtBVCH), respectively. In each case, except PαMS, the materials were saturated to > 99% conversion with no chain degradation. PS hydrogenations required the addition of small amounts of tetrahydrofuran to the reaction solvent cyclohexane to enhance miscibility and eliminate large‐scale chain degradation. Density gradient and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were used to characterize the density and glass transition temperature, T g , of the unsaturated and saturated polymers. Saturation reduces the density by 3% to 11% and changes T g substantially. The greatest variation in T g is obtained with the 3‐methyl substituted species where a 63°C increase is observed, while the highest measured T g is 186°C for P2MVCH. Small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on binary mixtures of hydrogenous and deuterium labeled PVCH derivatives provided a determination of bulk chain statistics. The statistical segment length is relatively insensitive to vinylcyclohexane ring substitution, except with P3MVCH where a 20% greater value is obtained. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis and surface properties of polystyrene‐<i>graft</i>‐poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers (2006)

Abstract Polystyrene‐ graft ‐poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers (PS‐ g ‐PEG) were successfully synthesized using the “grafting‐through” method. The graft copolymers and the surface properties of their coats were characterized by 1 H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static contact angle measurement, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both DSC and TEM indicated that the graft copolymers had a microphase separated structure. AFM showed the microphase separated structure also occurred at the coat surface, especially at high PEG content, which could also be indirectly confirmed by the XPS and contact angle results. The formation mechanism of the microphase separated structure was discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1458–1465, 2007
Some Observations on the Influence of Vitamin D Metabolites When Added to the Diet of Commercial Laying Hens (1990)

Three experiments were conducted to study the influence of two vitamin D3 metabolites on the performance of commercial laying hens. In Experiment 1, adding of .75, 1.50, 3.00, and 4.50 micrograms of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3) or of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] per kg to the diet containing 2,200 ICU of vitamin D3 from 55 micrograms of cholecalciferol per kg of diet resulted in increased plasma calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The response was greater from the 1,25-(OH)2D3 metabolite than from the 1 alpha-OHD3 metabolite. Neither metabolite affected tibia breaking strength (TBS), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion, eggshell quality (ESQ), fertility, or the hatchability of eggs or the tibia ash (TA) of the day-old chick. In Experiment 2, the EP, EW, FC, ESQ and TA of the hens were not affected when 1.5 micrograms of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were added to each kilogram of a corn-soybean meal diet containing either .38 or .43% P with adequate vitamin D3. Adding the 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolite to the low-P diet reduced plasma Ca and increased TBS. However, adding 1,25-(OH)2D3 to the high-P diet increased plasma Ca and P. In Experiment 3, the EP, ESQ, FC, and TA of the hens were significantly lower when the diet contained 2.04% Ca rather than 3.04% Ca. Plasma Ca and P, EW, or TBS were not affected by the dietary Ca. Neither the plasma Ca and P, EP, EW, ESQ nor the TBS and TA were influenced by adding the 1,25-(OH)2D3 metabolite to either diet.