gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased NADPH concentration obtained by metabolic engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway in <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (2005)

Many biosynthetic reactions and bioconversions are limited by low availability of NADPH. With the purpose of increasing the NADPH concentration and/or the flux through the pentose phosphate pathway in Aspergillus niger, the genes encoding glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (gsdA), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (gndA) and transketolase (tktA) were cloned and overexpressed in separate strains. Intracellular NADPH concentration was increased two- to ninefold as a result of 13-fold overproduction of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Although overproduction of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase changed the concentration of several metabolites it did not result in increased NADPH concentration. To establish the effects of overexpression of the three genes, wild-type and overexpressing strains were characterized in detail in exponential and stationary phase of bioreactor cultures containing minimal media, with glucose as the carbon source and ammonium or nitrate as the nitrogen source and final cell density limiting substrate. Enzymes, intermediary metabolites, polyol pools (intra- and extracellular), organic acids, growth rates and rate constant of induction of acid production in postexponential phase were measured. None of the modified strains had a changed growth rate. Partial least square regressions showed the correlations between NADPH and up to 40 other variables (concentration of enzymes and metabolites) and it was possible to predict the intracellular NADPH concentration from relatively easily obtainable data (the concentration of enzymes, polyols and oxalate). This prediction might be used in screening for high NADPH levels in engineered strains or mutants of other organisms.
Passive Strain Sensor using SH-SAW Reflective Delay Line (2006)

A shear horizontal-mode surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) has the unique characteristic of complete reflection at a free edge normal to the direction of propagation, making it possible to construct a reflective delay line. A passive SAW strain sensor based on such a reflective delay line is presented. The reflective delay line is constructed on a 36° YX LiTaO 3 substrate. The SH-SAW velocity is shown to provide a reliable measure of the strain of a propagation surface, and incorporation of an oscillator circuit is demonstrated to allow wireless remote monitoring of strain using this sensor.
Transition-Edge Sensor Microcalorimeters for X-ray Beamline Science (2014)

An important and fast-growing technology in the realm of cryogenic detectors has recently been applied to beamline science: the superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES). A TES consists of a thin metal film that is held in the superconducting-to-normal transition by a voltage bias. When a single X-ray photon is absorbed, the temperature and resistance of the film increase, which causes a negative-going current pulse with amplitude proportional to the deposited energy. The thin-film thermometer is typically coupled to a photon absorber composed of a high atomic number element such as bismuth or gold, so efficiencies near unity are possible for X-rays up to 10 keV. TESs are an example of a broader class of sensors called microcalorimeters that measure energetic events through a change in temperature. The energy resolution of a well-designed microcalorimeter is set by thermodynamic power fluctuations between the sensor and the local heat bath as well as by additional noise terms such as the Johnson noise in the sensing element. The energy resolution ΔE of a microcalorimeter is proportional to (kbT2C)1/2 where T is the sensor temperature and C is its specific heat. The temperature dependence of ΔE makes it advantageous to operate TESs at the lowest temperatures that can be conveniently reached, typically 0.1 K. For X-ray measurements between 1–10 keV, the dependence of ΔE on C limits the C of individual sensors to about 10−12 J/K, corresponding to device areas near 0.1 mm2 [1 J.N. Ullom, Applied Physics Letters 87, 194103 (2005).[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]].
Best-offset hardware prefetching (2016)

Hardware prefetching is an important feature of modern high-performance processors. When the application working set is too large to fit in on-chip caches, disabling hardware pre-fetchers may result in severe performance reduction. A new prefetcher was recently introduced, the Sandbox prefetcher, that tries to find dynamically the best prefetch offset using the sandbox method. The Sandbox prefetcher uses simple hardware and was shown to be quite effective. However, the sandbox method does not take into account prefetch timeliness. We propose an offset prefetcher with a new method for selecting the prefetch offset that takes into account prefetch timeliness. We show that our Best-Offset prefetcher outperforms the Sandbox prefetcher on the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks, with equally simple hardware.
Studies on the Influence of pH and Pancreatin on 13C-Formaldehyde-Induced Gelatin Cross-Links Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1996)

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and 13C-enriched formaldehyde (13CH2O) were utilized to observe cross-linking in gelatin. Thus, when a 6% solution of gelatin in water was treated with 2000 ppm 13CH2O at 20 degrees C, the 15 hr 13C-NMR spectrum of the crosslinked gel showed peaks representing carbinolamines (methylols) of arginine and lysine, as well as a peak ascribed to a methylene cross-link between arginine and lysine. Similar results were obtained when these cross-linking reactions were conducted using only 100 ppm 13CH2O. When pancreatin (1% w/v) was added to the solution of 6% gelatin cross-linked with 2000 ppm 13CH2O, the gel began to revert to a clear fluid solution. After incubation for 24 hr at 37 degrees C, the 13C-NMR spectrum of this solution confirmed the presence of the methylols of lysine and arginine, and the lysine-arginine cross-link. When 13CH2O (2000 ppm) was added to a 6% solution of gelatin at pH 13.0, the arginine methylol and the lysine-arginine crosslinks were produced. The 13CH2O-induced crosslinking of gelatin at pH 2.0, however, yielded the lysine methylol as the sole product.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that kill autologous CD4+ lymphocytes are associated with CD4+ lymphocyte depletion in HIV-1 infection. (1994)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, but not HIV-seronegative controls, have non-HLA-restricted T-cell receptor alpha beta+ CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) that kill activated uninfected CD4+ lymphocytes. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected individuals with concanavalin A (Con A) or by coculture with phytohemagglutinin-activated autologous lymphoblasts induced CTL that killed autologous and heterologous CD4+ lymphocytes, but not Con A-activated CD8+ lymphocytes or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes. EBV did not stimulate such CTL in two subjects tested, although stimulation with Con A or autologous lymphoblasts induced CTL activity against CD4+ lymphocytes in both subjects. CTL activity against autologous CD4+ lymphocytes varied over time; killing of heterologous CD4+ lymphocytes was often higher than that of autologous CD4+ lymphocytes. HIV-infected individuals with Con A-inducible CTL against autologous CD4+ lymphocytes lost more CD4+ lymphocytes within 6 months of testing than HIV-infected individuals with no such CTL (p < .01). The mean (+/- SD) decrease in CD4+ lymphocyte counts in a group of HIV-infected individuals with CTL activity against autologous CD4+ lymphocytes was 121 +/- 84, or 36%, of total CD4+ lymphocytes over 6 months. In contrast, there was no significant change in mean CD4+ lymphocyte count over 6 months in a group of HIV-infected individuals without CTL activity against autologous CD4+ lymphocytes. In some HIV-infected individuals, CTL activity against autologous CD4+ lymphocytes fell coincident with a drop in CD4+ lymphocyte number in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chemopreventive activity of parthenolide against UVB-induced skin cancer and its mechanisms (2004)

Parthenolide (PN) is a major sesquiterpene lactone of feverfew (Tanacetum parthanium) with known anti-inflammatory activity. However, the anticancer effects of PN have not been well studied. In the present investigation, we examined the cancer chemopreventive property of PN using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches. We first tested the anticancer effect of PN in UVB-induced skin cancer model. Mice fed with PN (1 mg/day) showed a delayed onset of papilloma incidence, a significant reduction in papilloma multiplicity (papilloma/mouse) and sizes when compared with the UVB-only group. To our surprise, neither PN nor the known cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor celecoxib inhibit UVB-induced COX-2 expression and epidermal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. We next investigated the molecular mechanism(s) involved in its anticancer effects using cultured JB6 murine epidermal cells. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of PN significantly inhibited UVB-induced activator protein-1 DNA binding and transcriptional activity. In addition, PN pre-treatment also inhibited c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase activation. More importantly, we found that impaired AP-1, JNK and p38 signaling led to the sensitization of JB6 cells to UVB-induced apoptosis. Data from our study for the first time confirm the anticancer property of PN in an animal model, and provide evidence that the inhibitory effects on AP-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases serve as one of the underlying mechanisms for the cancer chemopreventive property of PN.
Lognormal switching times for titanium dioxide bipolar memristors: origin and resolution (2011)

We measured the switching time statistics for a TiO(2) memristor and found that they followed a lognormal distribution, which is a potentially serious problem for computer memory and data storage applications. We examined the underlying physical phenomena that determine the switching statistics and proposed a simple analytical model for the distribution based on the drift/diffusion equation and previously measured nonlinear drift behavior. We designed a closed-loop switching protocol that dramatically narrows the time distribution, which can significantly improve memory circuit performance and reliability.
<i>Listeria monocytogenes:</i>Clinical and Experimental Update (2002)

Listeria monocytogenes, a small gram-positive bacillus, causes sepsis and meningitis in immunocompromised patients and a devastating maternal/fetal infection in pregnant women. Recent outbreaks demonstrated that L. monocytogenes can cause gastroenteritis in otherwise healthy individuals and more severe invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. Centralized processing in the food industry may be the cause of these large-scale listeriosis outbreaks. The mouse model of listeriosis, which was developed in the 1960s, has been extraordinarily useful for studying T cell-mediated immunity. Contrary to the original concept that macrophages are the principal effector cells in listeriosis, we found that immigrating neutrophils play the predominant role in early liver defenses. At later time points, CD8(+) T cells lyse infected hepatocytes by both perforin- and Fas-L/Fas--dependent mechanisms. Of interest, nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib--restricted cytolytic activity is expressed early during primary infection, whereas MHC class Ia--restricted activity is predominant through late primary and secondary infections.
Products in light-mediated reactions of free methionine-riboflavin mixtures that are biocidal to microorganisms (1990)

Solutions of methionine (1 mM) plus riboflavin (26.6 μM) (MR mixture) in the presence of light are toxigenic to a wide spectrum of microorganisms. Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Verticillium dahliae are representative of these microorganisms and were used in this study. The biocidal activity of the MR mixture was significantly enhanced when aerated or supplemented with Cu 2+ or Fe 2+ ions; the increased toxicity suggested the involvement of the O 2 − -driven Haber–Weiss reaction, from which the associated production and reactivity of O 2 − , H 2 O 2 , and 1 O 2 may have contributed to the biocidal activity. Although the presence of EDTA did not lessen the toxicity of the MR mixture, the addition of butylated hydroxyanisole effectively quenched its biocidal activity. Supplementation of MR mixture with antioxidants like α-tocopherol and β-carotene also was effective in reducing its biocidal activity and suggested further that the production of the above-mentioned oxygen species was critical for a photodynamic toxigenic reaction. In addition to the involvement of oxygen derivatives, the role of various methionine photodegradation products in the biocidal reaction was also evaluated. Methional and acrolein were among the methionine-derived components that were toxic. The highest amounts of methional and acrolein detected in the MR reaction system during an 8-h period by HPLC were approximately 46.5 and 10.6 μM, respectively. However, to achieve the toxicity equivalent to that of the MR mixture, the production of more than 5 mM methional or 100 μM acrolein would be necessary. Thus, the overall toxicity of the MR mixture appeared to be associated with the generation of highly reactive oxygen radicals. Key words: methionine–riboflavin mixture, photodynamic toxicity, methional, acrolein, activated oxygen derivatives, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Verticillium dahliae.
Preparation of Corn Oil/Water and Water/Corn Oil Emulsions Using PTFE Membranes. (1998)

PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane filters were tested for preparing corn oil emulsions by the membrane emulsification method using a pre-emulsified emulsion. A hydrophilic PTFE membrane was used to prepare an O/W emulsion without any disturbance of the continuous phase. A W/O emulsion was prepared with a hydrophobic membrane filter in the same way. The higher the flux of the pre-emulsified large particle emulsion via the membrane was, the higher the monodispersibility of the membrane emulsified emulsion became. There was no limit to the emulsifying pressure or the emulsifying rate under the conditions tested. The mean particle diameters of the O/W and W/O emulsions were ca. 3 times the mean pore size of the membrane used.
Requirement for c-Src Catalytic Activity and the SH3 Domain in Platelet-derived Growth Factor BB and Epidermal Growth Factor Mitogenic Signaling (1996)

The Src family protein-tyrosine kinases are required for mitogenic signaling from the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), colony stimulating factor-1, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (RPTK) (Twamley-Stein, G. M., Pepperkok, R., Ansorge, W., and Courtneidge, S. A. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 7696-7700; Roche, S., Koegl, M., Barone, M. V., Roussel, M. F., and Courtneidge, S. A.(1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 1102-1109). In NIH3T3 fibroblasts, c-Src, Fyn, and c-Yes associate with the activated PDGF receptor, are substrates for receptor phosphorylation, and are themselves activated. Src family catalytic function is required for RPTK mitogenic signaling as evidenced by the SH2-dependent dominant negative phenotype exhibited by kinase-inactive Src and Fyn mutants (Twamley-Stein, G. M., Pepperkok, R., Ansorge, W., and Courtneidge, S. A.(1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 7696-7700). Here, we have generated clonal Src- murine fibroblast cell lines overexpressing various murine c-Src mutants and studied the effect of these mutant Src proteins on PDGF- and EGF-induced mitogenesis. Two c-Src SH3 domain mutants, Y133F and Y138F, each inhibited PDGF BB- and EGF-induced DNA synthesis in quiescent cells. This demonstrates an involvement of the Src SH3 domain in PDGFbeta and EGF receptor mitogenic signaling. Since both Tyr-133 and Tyr-138 are located on the ligand binding surface of the SH3 domain, these results suggest that the c-Src SH3 domain is required for PDGF and EGF mitogenic signaling. The dominant negative effect of either single mutant on PDGF receptor signaling was reversed by a second SH2-inactivating mutation. We conclude that the c-Src SH3 domain function requires the SH2 domain in the case of the PDGF receptor, presumably because binding of c-Src to the receptor via its SH2 domain is a prerequisite for the SH3 domain function. In contrast, SH2 function is apparently not essential for the SH3 function in EGF receptor signaling.
Identification and production of a bacteriocin from Enterococcus mundtii QU 2 isolated from soybean (2005)

A new soybean isolate, Ent. mundtii QU 2 was found to be a class IIa bacteriocin producer. Factors influencing the bacteriocin production described herein are valuable for applications of the bacteriocins from Ent. mundtii strains.
Quantum error-correction using codes with low density generator matrix (2005)

We propose the use of linear codes with low-density generator matrix in the context of quantum error correction. The proposed codes allow greater flexibility and are easier to design than existing sparse-graph quantum codes, while leading to better performance.
Highly Ordered Nanoporous Template from Triblock Copolymer (2011)

Silica nanoporous templates from poly(1,4-isoprene)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (IS2VP) were prepared. The films of IS2VP spin-coated from toluene showed a dimple-type structure with short-range lateral order. When the films were exposed to a mixed solvent vapor of toluene/hexane, a highly ordered and oriented core-shell structure, consisting of an outer shell of PI, a middle shell of PS, and a core of P2VP, was obtained. The PI was degraded by UV-ozone treatment and removed. A film of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was spin coated onto the remaining film with dimple-type structures and, upon heating, was drawn into the interstitial regions by capillary action. Exposure to oxygen plasma converted the PDMS into silica and degraded all other remaining polymers. This led to highly ordered and oriented nanoporous silica that could be used as an etching mask for transfer of the pattern or templates for metal loading.
Application Analysis on Voltage Stability Index Based on the Short-Circuit Capacity in Hubei Power Grid (2012)

Traditional indexes cannot forecast the degree away the voltage collapse point, this paper applies the index based on the short-circuit capacity to Hubei Power Grid, the results proves that the index is a fast tracking index of responding to voltage changes. The paper also compares the voltage stability indexes of two load models of considering distribution network and not considering distribution network, it verifies the influence of distribution network impedance on load bus voltage, and it is benefit for taking measures in time when voltage instability of distribution network extends to transmission network.
Continuous Verification Using Keystroke Dynamics (2010)

Traditionally user authentication is based on a username and password. However, a logged station is still vulnerable to imposters when the user leaves her computer without logging-off. Keystroke dynamics methods can be useful for continuously verifying a user once the authentication process has successfully ended. However, current methods require long sessions and significant amounts of keystrokes to reliably verify users. We propose a new method that compactly represents the keystroke patterns by joining similar pairs of consecutive keystrokes. This automatically created representation reduces the session size required for inducing the user's verification model. The proposed method was evaluated on 21 legitimate users and 165 attackers. The results were encouraging and suggest that the detection performance of the proposed method is better than that of existing methods. Specifically we attained a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 3.47% and false rejection rate (FRR) of 0% using only 250 keystrokes.
Inibidores da glicoproteína e intervenção coronária percutânea no infarto agudo do miocárdio: to be, or not IIb/IIIa, eis a questão! (2008)

Areperfusão mecânica no infarto agudo do miocárdio por meio da intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICP) sobrepujou o tratamento fibrinolítico e, mediante evidências robustas, constituise no tratamento de primeira escolha para pacientes infartados com até 12 horas de diagnóstico e que estão aptos a serem submetidos ao procedimento
Long-Term Entecavir Therapy Results in the Reversal of Fibrosis/Cirrhosis and Continued Histological Improvement in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B†,‡ (2010)

The majority of nucleoside-naive patients with CHB who were treated with entecavir in this long-term cohort achieved substantial histological improvement and regression of fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Association of the Derived Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio With Critical Limb Ischemia (2015)

Neutrophil and leukocyte counts are laboratory parameters that reflect the systemic inflammatory response in patients with atherosclerotic diseases. Based on the means of these parameters, the derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) can be calculated. We investigated a possible association of critical limb ischemia (CLI) and the dNLR in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We performed a retrospective data analysis including 1995 patients with PAD treated at our department in the years 2005 to 2010. The cohort was divided into tertiles according to dNLR. Higher dNLR values were associated with an increased CLI rate. In the tertile with lowest dNLR, the CLI rate was 20.4%, in the second tertile the CLI rate was 26.1%, and in the third tertile the CLI rate was 36.1%. Statistical significance was shown using a Jonckheere-Terpstra test (P < .001). A high dNLR is associated with an increased rate of CLI in patients with PAD. This might be a useful parameter to highlight patients at increased risk of CLI.
On the impact of heterogeneous backhauls on coordinated multipoint transmission in femtocell networks (2012)

The choice of a suitable backhaul constitutes one of the main performance bottlenecks in the emerging femtocell networks. In this paper, we study the impact of adopting a heterogenous backhaul (i.e., wired or over-the-air) with realistic quality-of-service requirements on coherent coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission in the downlink of femtocell networks. We formulate a cooperative game with continuum among the femtocell access points (FAPs) for performing CoMP in order to maximize the downlink rate while accounting for the constraints on the heterogeneous backhaul. In this respect, we propose a distributed algorithm that enables the FAPs to jointly decide on their cooperative partners as well as the choice of a backhaul strategy. In this respect, the proposed algorithm jointly addresses the problem of coalition formation as well as the optimization of the tradeoff between OTA and wired backhaul transmission modes, each of which is limited by a different factor such as delay or spectrum resources availability. We show that the proposed algorithm converges to a stable partition which constitutes the continuum core of the studied cooperative game. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme yields interesting gains in terms of the average downlink rate per FAP, reaching up to 26% relative to the classical of non-cooperative transmissions.
Role of CD4 <sup>+</sup> Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in the Control of Viral Diseases and Cancer (2010)

Our knowledge on the physiological role of CD4(+) T lymphocytes has improved in the last decade: available data convincingly demonstrate that, besides the 'helper' activity, CD4(+) T cells may be also endowed with lytic properties. The cytotoxic function of these effector cells has a relevant role in the control of pathogenic infections and in mediating antitumor immune responses. On these bases, several immunotherapeutic approaches exploiting the cytotoxic properties of CD4(+) T cells are under investigation. This review summarizes available data supporting the functional and therapeutic relevance of cytotoxic CD4(+) T cells, with a particular focus on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related disorders.