gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of L-phenylalanine mustard, adriamycin, actinomycin D, and 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide on naturally occurring human spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. (1982)

We have shown previously that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP), an active antineoplastic agent, and X-irradiation enhanced human spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. To ascertain whether this is a unique property of cis-DDP or common to other effective antineoplastic agents, we studied the effect of L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), Adriamycin (ADR), actinomycin D, and 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) on spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, cis-DDP, ADR, L-PAM, and m-AMSA under appropriate in vitro conditions all increased spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Activation involved (a) direct monocyte activation (cis-DDP and ADR); (b) inactivation of suppressor lymphocytes (X-irradiation); (c) a combination of the two (L-PAM); or (d) mechanisms not yet elucidated (m-AMSA). In contrast, incubating mononuclear leukocytes with 0.4 microgram actinomycin D per ml depressed monocyte-mediated killing. Thus, while stimulation of "nonspecific" killing is not a unique property of cis-DDP, it is not a universal effect of all chemotherapy agents. The stimulation and enhancement of already existing host defense mechanisms may be an important additional way in which many chemotherapeutic agents exert their antitumor effect.
Comparison of the effect of different intensity of upper and lower extremity exercises with elderly COPD Patients (2010)

Objective To compare the effect of different intensity of upper and lower extremity exercise with elderly COPD patients of pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods 73 stable elderly COPD patients were divided into two groups randomly. After a baseline multi-dimensional assessment, patients underwent a 12-week rehabilitation cycle including training higher and lower exercise intensity of the upper and lower extremities, The pulmonary function ,6-minute walking distance, baseline dyspnea index, BMI and ellipsis were evaluated and compared between pre and post-training. Results After 12-weeks of different intensity of the upper and lower extremities,compared with lower exercise intensity group, higher exercise intensity group were improved significantly on 6minute walking distance and dyspneic symptom( P ＜ 0.01 ), but lost were high (P ＜ 0.05 ). The pulmonary function, BMI were not increased between pre and post-training. Conclusion The two different intensity of the upper and lower extremities were proved to be effective for improving the dyspneic symptoms and exercise tolerance with stable elderly COPD patients. Compared with lower exercise intensity group, higher exercise intensity group were improved significantly, but lost were high. The pulmonary function, BMI were not increased between pre and post-training.

Key words: 
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD; Senior;  Upper and lower extremity exercise
Planar Lens Antennas of Subwavelength Thickness: Collimating Leaky-Waves With Metasurfaces (2015)

High-gain lens antennas with a subwavelength thickness that radiate linearly and circularly polarized waves are reported. The lens antennas are fed with a planar, leaky radial waveguide that generates a TM-polarized Bessel beam (Bessel beam launcher). Two different metasurface lenses are placed a subwavelength distance from the Bessel beam launcher to collimate the radiation with minimal reflection loss. The unit cells of the two metasurface lenses are designed to act as inhomogenous wave plates to convert the polarization from radial to linear and circular, respectively. The lens antennas are fabricated using standard printed circuit board processes, and their performance is experimentally characterized. The antennas achieve an order of magnitude thickness reduction over previously reported lens antennas since the metasurface lenses are directly integrated with the antenna feed.
Comparison of Two Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Methods with Conventional Phenotypic Identification for Routine Identification of Bacteria to the Species Level (2010)

Bacterial identification relies primarily on culture-based methodologies requiring 24 h for isolation and an additional 24 to 48 h for species identification. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an emerging technology newly applied to the problem of bacterial species identification. We evaluated two MALDI-TOF MS systems with 720 consecutively isolated bacterial colonies under routine clinical laboratory conditions. Isolates were analyzed in parallel on both devices, using the manufacturers' default recommendations. We compared MS with conventional biochemical test system identifications. Discordant results were resolved with "gold standard" 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The first MS system (Bruker) gave high-confidence identifications for 680 isolates, of which 674 (99.1%) were correct; the second MS system (Shimadzu) gave high-confidence identifications for 639 isolates, of which 635 (99.4%) were correct. Had MS been used for initial testing and biochemical identification used only in the absence of high-confidence MS identifications, the laboratory would have saved approximately US$5 per isolate in marginal costs and reduced average turnaround time by more than an 8-h shift, with no loss in accuracy. Our data suggest that implementation of MS as a first test strategy for one-step species identification would improve timeliness and reduce isolate identification costs in clinical bacteriology laboratories now.
Powder Injection Molding (PIM) for Low Cost Manufacturing of Intricate Parts to Net-Shape (2006)

Powder Injection Molding (PIM) is a low cost manufacturing process that produces very complex parts to net-shape in a wide variety of materials and unique alloys, including superalloys, stainless steels and carbides, resulting in minimal secondary and assembly operations. PIM offers significant cost savings, increased design and materials flexibility, increased possibility of miniaturization, high mechanical properties, good surface finish and high speed production. The activities and expertise in powder metallurgy as well as in process numerical modeling related to powder injection molding at the Industrial Materials Institute of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC-IMI) and at Maetta Sciences, a company that has research and development facilities at the NRC-IMI, will be presented. Selected solutions and examples realized by NRC-IMI and by Maetta Sciences using respectively their high pressure and their scalable PIM platforms will be presented and described. Potential applications for the military, transportation and aerospace sectors will be highlighted. Injection molding is a low cost, productive and widely used shaping technology for plastics. The knowledge base for this technology is highly developed and the most recent innovations are around new formulations of
Improvement of classification accuracy for stochastic discrimination - Multi-class classification (2004)

In this paper, an improved stochastic discrimination (SD) is introduced to reduce the error rate of the standard SD in the context of multi-class classification problem. The learning procedure of the improved SD consists of two stages. In the first stage, a standard SD, but with shorter learning period is carried out to identify an important space where all the misclassified samples are located. In the second stage, the standard SD is modified by (i) restricting sampling in the important space; and (ii) introducing a new discriminant function for samples in the important space. It is shown by mathematical derivation that the new discriminant function has the same mean, but smaller variance than that of standard SD for samples in the important space. It is also analyzed that the smaller the variance of the discriminant function, the lower the error rate of the classifier. Consequently, the proposed improved SD improves standard SD by its capability of achieving higher classification accuracy. Illustrative examples axe provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed improved SD.
Recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 reverses the bleeding tendency associated with the combined administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator and aspirin in rabbits. (1989)

The major side effect of thrombolytic therapy is bleeding; however, the pathogenesis of this potential complication is not well understood. Accordingly, we examined the effects of aspirin and recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on serial template bleeding times and on hemostasis parameters in rabbits. The administration of intravenous aspirin (15 mg/kg) produced a slight prolongation in bleeding times, from 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 2.6 +/- 0.5 min (mean +/- SD, n = 26, P less than 0.01), whereas rt-PA (1 mg/kg per h for 2 h) lengthened the bleeding time from 2.4 +/- 0.3 to 3.2 +/- 0.6 min (n = 5, P = NS). Combination of aspirin with 0.5 mg/kg per h of rt-PA for 2 h prolonged the bleeding time from 2.5 +/- 0.4 to 6.2 +/- 0.9 min (n = 10, P less than 0.01), with an associated fibrinogen decrease of approximately 15%. The combination of aspirin with 1 mg/kg per h of rt-PA for 2 h prolonged the bleeding time from 3.0 +/- 0.3 to 8.3 +/- 1.4 min (n = 8, P less than 0.01) and simultaneously induced a decrease of plasma fibrinogen by approximately 40%. Virtually all animals treated with rt-PA and aspirin manifested a bleeding tendency, as evidenced by spontaneous rebleeding at sites of previously performed template bleeding times or oozing at the femoral venous catheterization site. Intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg/kg of guanidine hydrochloride-reactivated recombinant human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (rPAI-1) at the end of the rt-PA infusion resulted in complete reversal, within 5 min, of the prolongation of the bleeding time, and in a disappearance of the bleeding tendency. Nonreactivated rPAI-1 and tranexamic acid were significantly less potent in reversing the bleeding time prolongation. These findings indicate that aspirin and rt-PA given separately do not markedly affect the template bleeding time, but in combination induce a marked prolongation associated with a significant bleeding tendency. This bleeding time prolongation can be rapidly normalized by the administration of reactivated rPAI-1.
Study of Distance-Based Outlier Detection Methods (2013)

An Outlier is an observation which is dierent from the others in a sample. Usually an anomaly occurs in every data due to measurement error. Anomaly detection is identifying anomalous data for given dataset that does not show normal behavior. Anomaly detection can be classified into three categories: Unsupervised, Supervised and Semisupervised anomaly detection. Anomaly detection is used variety of domains like fault detection, fraud detection, health monitoring system, intrusion detection. The outlier detection can be grouped into 5 main categories: statistical-based approaches, depth-based approaches, clustering approaches, distance-based approaches and density-based approaches. Distance -based methods i.e. Index-based algorithm, Nested-loop algorithm and LDOF are discussed. To reduce the false positive error in LDOF, we proposed MLDOF algorithm. We tested LDOF and MLDOF by implementing on several large and high-dimensional real datasets obtained from UCI machine repository. The experiments show that the MLDOF improves accuracy of anomaly detection with respect to LDOF and reduces the false positive error.
Performance of TFR filters under elevated power conditions (2003)

Research into the application of thin-film piezoelectric resonator (TFR) technology in novel monolithic bandpass filtering devices is reported. Research into the performance of TFR-based filters under elevated power levels was initiated to assess the suitability of this technology in systems requiring ultraminiature transmit and transceiver functions. Characteristics of particular interest include the 1-dB compression point and the two-tone third-order intercept point. The results of research conducted on silicon-based TFR bandpass filter devices under elevated power conditions are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Debris elimination in a droplet-target laser-plasma soft x-ray source (1995)

A tabletop high-brightness line-emitting laser-plasma soft x-ray source utilizing single microscopic droplets as target is shown to produce several orders of magnitude less debris than conventional-target sources. Quantitative measurements of debris deposition rates and x-ray flux at different directions around the droplet plasma are presented. With ethanol droplets and a 10 Hz, 70 mJ/pulse laser, typically ∼1×1012 photons/(sr⋅pulse⋅line) are emitted from the C V and C VI lines in the water window. The debris deposition is further reduced with a small, localized gas jet shield, which is transparent to the x-rays. The deposition rate through the gas shield has been determined to be ∼0.2 pg/(sr⋅pulse). Thus, this droplet-target laser-plasma x-ray source is four orders-of-magnitude cleaner than a low-debris plastic tape target laser plasma of similar brightness, making it useful for x-ray microscopy and lithography.
Bankshot (2014)

Emerging non-volatile storage (e.g., Phase Change Memory, STTRAM) allow access to persistent data at latencies an order of magnitude lower than SSDs. The density and price gap between NVMs and denser storage make NVM economically most suitable as a cache for larger, more conventional storage (i.e., NAND flashbased SSDs and disks). Existing storage caching architectures (even those that use fast flash-based SSDs) introduce significant software overhead that can obscure the performance benefits of faster memories. We propose Bankshot, a caching architecture that allows cache hits to bypass the OS (and the associated software overheads) entirely, while relying on the OS for heavy-weight operations like servicing misses and performing write backs. We evaluate several design decisions in Bankshot including different cache management policies and different levels of hardware, software support for tracking dirty data and maintaining meta-data. We find that with hardware support Bankshot can offer upto 5x speedup over conventional caching systems.
A first look into a Convolutional Neural Network for speech emotion detection (2017)

We propose a real-time Convolutional Neural Network model for speech emotion detection. Our model is trained from raw audio on a small dataset of TED talks speech data, manually annotated into three emotion classes: “Angry”, “Happy” and “Sad”. It achieves an average accuracy of 66.1%, 5% higher than a feature-based SVM baseline, with an evaluation time of few hundred milliseconds. We also provide an in-depth model visualization and analysis. We show how our neural network effectively activates during the speech sections of the waveform regardless of the emotion, ignoring the silence parts which do not contain information. On the frequency domain the CNN filters distribute throughout all the spectrum range, with higher concentration around the average pitch range related to that emotion. Each filter also activates at multiple frequency intervals, presumably due to the additional contribution of amplitude-related feature learning. Our work will allow faster and more accurate emotion detection modules for human-machine empathetic dialog systems and other related applications.
Non‐genetic population heterogeneity studied by <i>in situ</i> polymerase chain reaction (1998)

Expression of a lac operon in Salmonella typhimurium single cells was monitored using lac mRNA targeting in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It is demonstrated that suboptimal induction of the lac operon in a culture of S. typhimuriuml/F'lac+ cells generates a subpopulation in which transcription of the lac operon occurs and another subpopulation in which transcription of the lac operon is repressed, whereas suboptimal induction of the lac operon in a culture of S. typhimuriuml/F'lacY cells generates a population with uniform levels of lac mRNA. The outcome of the single-cell lac mRNA detection assay was compared with the outcome of a single-cell beta-galactosidase assay. In cultures grown under different suboptimal lac induction conditions, the fraction of cells in which transcription of the lac operon occurred was concurrent with the fraction of cells showing beta-galactosidase activity. Besides supporting the hypothesis that the lactose permease has a role in generating non-genetic heterogeneity in suboptimally induced cultures of Lac+ cells, these results demonstrate the usefulness of in situ RT-PCR for the study of non-genetic population heterogeneities.
Editorial (2003)

LEONARD H. FRIEDMAN, PH.D., IS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AND COORDINATOR OF THE HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF HEALTH & HUMAN SCIENCES, AT OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY AND IS EDITOR OFFRONTIERS.
Dielectric polymer: scavenging energy from human motion (2008)

More and more sensors are embedded in human body for medical applications, for sport. The short lifetime of the batteries, available on the market, reveals a real problem of autonomy of these systems. A promising alternative is to scavenge the ambient energy such as the mechanical one. Up to now, few scavenging structures have operating frequencies compatible with ambient one. And, most of the developed structures are rigid and use vibration as mechanical source. For these reasons, we developed a scavenger that operates in a large frequency spectrum from quasi-static to dynamic range. This generator is fully flexible, light and does not hamper the human motion. Thus, we report in this paper an analytical model for dielectric generator with news electrical and mechanical characterization, and the development of an innovating application: scavenging energy from human motion. The generator is located on the knee and design to scavenge 0.1mJ per scavenging cycle at a frequency of 1Hz, enough to supply a low consumption system and with a poling voltage as low as possible to facilitate the power management. Our first prototype is a membrane with an area of 5*3cm and 31µm in thickness which scavenge 0.1mJ under 170V at constant charge Q.
A new LVI assisted PSPWM DC-DC converter (2009)

In this study, a new Phase Shifted Pulse Width Modulated (PSPWM) full bridge isolated DC-DC converter is proposed. In the proposed converter, the resonant inductor is replaced with Linear Variable Inductor (LVI), and controlled with output current. The new converter has many advantages over recently developed PSPWM DC-DC converters in terms of control simplicity and efficiency. The soft switching operation range is wide and dependency of ZVS operation to the load current is low. At low current levels the required energy for ZVS operation is obtained easily because the value of LVI is large enough. The value of LVI decreases linearly with increasing current. At high current levels parasitic resonance and duty cycle loss are decreased. By selecting the range of the LVI properly, dead time control between gate drive signals of the IGBTs in the same leg is not required. A single phase 160A inverter arc welding machine is implemented with the proposed converter. The experimental results taken from the converter shows the feasibility of the proposed method.
Recommendations for the Calculation of the Total Disturbing Return Current From Electric Traction Vehicles (2004)

The superposition of the conducted interference produced by multiple electric traction vehicles into a track section is considered in the frequency range up to 20 kHz. The subject is important not only for estimation of the disturbance produced by new rolling stock in plausible traffic conditions, but also for each railway operator to fix adequate limits for the return current of each unit. The analysis is performed on a reference ac single track line of overall 50-km length. First, the sources of interference are classified, with particular attention to the synchronization issue and phase displacement. Then, the railway line properties as the mean of conductive coupling are identified (attenuation and phase rotation versus frequency and length). Last, a preliminary attempt is made to derive summation rules for disturbance from different vehicles.
Verbesserung der Oxidationsstabilität von Fettsäuremethylester mit Antioxidantien – Grenzen des Rancimat‐Tests (2004)

Abstract No abstracts.
Oral rehydration salts, zinc supplement and rota virus vaccine in the management of childhood acute diarrhea (2010)

Acute diarrhea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Since the introduction of oral rehydration salts (ORS) mortality has dropped to less than 50% worldwide. Low osmolarity ORS improved the outcome and reduced the hospitalization further. Zinc difficiency has been found to be associated with severe episodes of acute diarrhea. Zinc supplement in developing countries did reduce the incidence and prevalence of diarrhea. In addition, Zinc supplement significantly reduced the severity of diarrhea and duration of the episode. In the Americas and Europe, Rota virus vaccine was 90% effective in preventing severe episodes of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. This review concludes that low osmolarilty ORS, zinc supplementation and rotavirus vaccine are major factors in reducing the morbidity, mortality and hospitalization resulting from to acute gastroenteritis in childhood.
High Density Lipoprotein-associated Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Promotes Endothelial Barrier Function (2008)

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are major plasma carriers of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Here we show that HDL increases endothelial barrier integrity as measured by electric cell substrate impedance sensing. S1P was implicated as the mediator in this process through findings showing that pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Gi-coupled S1P receptors, as well as antagonists of the S1P receptor, S1P1, inhibited barrier enhancement by HDL. Additional findings show that HDL stimulates endothelial cell activation of Erk1/2 and Akt, signaling pathway intermediates that have been implicated in S1P-dependent endothelial barrier activity. HDL was also found to promote endothelial cell motility, a process that may also relate to endothelial barrier function in the context of a vascular injury response. The effects of HDL on endothelial cell Erk1/2 and Akt activation and motility were suppressed by pertussis toxin and S1P1 antagonists. However, both HDL-induced barrier enhancement and HDL-induced motility showed a greater dependence on Akt activation as compared with Erk1/2 activation. Together, the findings indicate that HDL has endothelial barrier promoting activities, which are attributable to its S1P component and signaling through the S1P1/Akt pathway.