gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bis heteroannulation. 2. Oxazole alcohols from the interaction of lithiomethyl isocyanide with lactones. A novel synthesis of evodone (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis heteroannulation. 2. Oxazole alcohols from the interaction of lithiomethyl isocyanide with lactones. A novel synthesis of evodonePeter A. Jacobi, Donald G. Walker, and Imad M. A. OdehCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 10, 2065–2069Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00323a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00323a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scattered radiation in chest radiography (1981)

Luminance scatter fractions were measured for patients and phantoms in various regions of the chest film. Scatter fractions were found to be highly variable, being quite high in the regions of the chest with a large equivalent tissue thickness (e.g. mediastinum, chest wall, and subdiaphragmatic areas). For example, approximately 90% of the radiation reaching the mediastinum region of the chest film was found to be scattered radiation when a grid was not used. Even with a 12:1 grid, less than 50% of the available primary beam contrast was being displayed in the mediastinum. In regions of the chest film with high scatter fractions, film latitude was also a problem, further reducing image contrast in these regions. Image contrast and scatter fractions in chest radiography were investigated for different scatter rejection techniques including air gaps, antiscatter grids, and slit radiography.
Practical Enantioselective Arylation and Heteroarylation of Aldehydes with In Situ Prepared Organotitanium Reagents Catalyzed by 3‐Aryl‐H<sub>8</sub>‐BINOL‐Derived Titanium Complexes (2013)

A highly efficient and practical method for the catalytic enantioselective arylation and heteroarylation of aldehydes with organotitanium reagents, prepared in situ by the reaction of aryl- and heteroaryllithium reagents with ClTi(OiPr)3, is described. Titanium complexes derived from DPP-H8 -BINOL (3d; DPP=3,5-diphenylphenyl) and DTBP-H8 -BINOL (3e; DTBP=3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) exhibit excellent catalytic activity in terms of enantioselectivity and turnover efficiency for the transformation, providing diaryl-, aryl heteroaryl-, and diheteroarylmethanol derivatives in high enantioselectivity at low catalyst loading (0.2-2 mol%). The reaction begins with a variety of aryl and heteroaryl bromides through their conversion into organolithium intermediates by Br/Li exchange with nBuLi, thus providing straightforward access to a range of enantioenriched alcohols from commercially available starting materials. Various 2-thienylmethanols can be synthesized enantioselectively by using commercially available 2-thienyllithium in THF. The reaction can be carried out on a 10 mmol scale at 0.5 mol% catalyst loading, demonstrating its preparative utility.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in a high-finesse microcavity (2014)

We report the measurement of degenerate coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) in a high-finesse optical microcavity, with an atmospheric gas as the nonlinear medium. Unlike the well-known bulk process in which index-dispersion compensation is required for phase-matching, efficient microcavity CARS involves a resonant coupling at the Stokes, pump, and anti-Stokes frequencies which can be described using coupled-mode analysis. We show how the interaction is thereby dramatically enhanced in a microscopic sample volume and illustrate the technique for the measurement of CO₂ in air.
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (2018)

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the small intestine, resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions. EPS is most commonly associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis, though medications, peritoneal infection, and systemic inflammatory disorders have been implicated. Many cases remain idiopathic. Diagnosis is often delayed given the rarity of the disorder combined with non-specific symptoms and laboratory findings. Although cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography of the abdomen can be suggestive of the disorder, many patients undergo exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis. Mortality approaches 50% one year after diagnosis. Treatment for EPS involves treating the underlying condition or eliminating possible inciting agents (<i>i.e</i>. peritoneal dialysis, medications, infections) and nutritional support, frequently with total parenteral nutrition. EPS-specific treatment depends on the disease stage. In the inflammatory stage, corticosteroids are the treatment of choice, while in the fibrotic stage, tamoxifen may be beneficial. In practice, distinguishing between stages may be difficult and both may be used. Surgical intervention, consisting of peritonectomy and enterolysis, is time-consuming and high-risk and is reserved for situations in which conservative medical therapy fails in institutions with surgical expertise in this area. Herein we review the available literature of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare, but potentially devastating disease.
Gold‐Mediated Exfoliation of Ultralarge Optoelectronically‐Perfect Monolayers (2016)

Gold-mediated exfoliation of ultralarge optoelectronically perfect monolayers with lateral dimensions up to ≈500 μm is reported. Electrical, optical, and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy characterization show that the quality of the gold-exfoliated flakes is similar to that of tape-exfoliated flakes. Large-area flakes allow manufacturing of large-area mono-layer transition metal dichalcogenide electronics.
?ш끝?쒖썝 議곗쁺??蹂?붿뿉 ???怨좎같 (2016)

Simgok Seowon is the commemorative shrine and academy established for scholar Jo Gwangjo (pen name : Jeongam). The shrine (sangnyangsik) and the east and west dormitories (Dongjae and Seojae) were built in 1636. The lecture hall, Imsimnu Pavilion, Sanangg
The Emerging Role of Senescence in Ocular Disease (2020)

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to an array of cellular stresses. An important role for senescence has been shown for a number of pathophysiological conditions that include cardiovascular disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and diseases of the skin. However, whether senescence contributes to the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has not been studied in detail so far and the present review describes the recent research on this topic. We present an overview of the types of senescence, pathways of senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), the role of mitochondria, and their functional implications along with antisenescent therapies. As a central mechanism, senescent cells can impact the surrounding tissue microenvironment via the secretion of a pool of bioactive molecules, termed the SASP. An updated summary of a number of new members of the ever-growing SASP family is presented. Further, we introduce the significance of mechanisms by which mitochondria may participate in the development of cellular senescence. Emerging evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of the effects of senescent cells on their microenvironment. Based on recent studies, there is reasonable evidence that senescence could be a modifiable factor, and hence, it may be possible to delay age-related diseases by modulating basic aging mechanisms using SASP inhibitors/senolytic drugs. Thus, antisenescent therapies in aging and age-related diseases appear to have a promising potential.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Diagnosis and treatment (2002)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignancy of the liver and appears to be rising in incidence in the United States and other developed western countries. Imaging studies play a key role in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and more and more commonly, patients are being diagnosed at an asymptomatic stage. The use of triphasic computed tomography scanning and improved magnetic resonance imaging equipment and protocols has led to greater sensitivity and specificity for these techniques in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate staging of hepatocellular carcinoma is important in determining prognosis and in helping decide the best treatment for each patient. No one staging system appears optimal, but important factors to be considered are the size of the tumor, severity of underlying liver disease, and the functional status of the patient. Liver transplantation has grown in importance as a treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma but may be limited by availability of donor organs and long waiting times. This situation may be improved by greater use of living donor liver transplantation. Hepatic resection remains an important treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly in the absence of cirrhosis. Tumor ablation by alcohol injection or radiofrequency ablation is associated with favorable outcomes and may be considered a potentially curative treatment. Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma remains a key goal in improving the poor prognosis of this form of liver cancer. Identifying hepatocellular carcinoma at an early stage is often associated with having better treatment options for patients with small, asymptomatic tumors.
Potent Preclinical Impact of Metronomic Low-Dose Oral Topotecan Combined with the Antiangiogenic Drug Pazopanib for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer (2010)

Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy has shown promising activity in many preclinical and some phase II clinical studies involving various tumor types. To evaluate further the potential therapeutic impact of metronomic chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, we developed a preclinical model of advanced human ovarian cancer and tested various low-dose metronomic chemotherapy regimens alone or in concurrent combination with an antiangiogenic drug, pazopanib. Clones of the SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell line expressing a secretable beta-subunit of human choriogonadotropic (beta-hCG) protein and firefly luciferase were generated and evaluated for growth after orthotopic (i.p.) injection into severe combined immunodeficient mice; a highly aggressive clone, SKOV-3-13, was selected for further study. Mice were treated beginning 10 to 14 days after injection of cells when evidence of carcinomatosis-like disease in the peritoneum was established as assessed by imaging analysis. Chemotherapy drugs tested for initial experiments included oral cyclophosphamide, injected irinotecan or paclitaxel alone or in doublet combinations with cyclophosphamide; the results indicated that metronomic cyclophosphamide had no antitumor activity whereas metronomic irinotecan had potent activity. We therefore tested an oral topoisomerase-1 inhibitor, oral topotecan, at optimal biological dose of 1 mg/kg/d. Metronomic oral topotecan showed excellent antitumor activity, the extent of which was significantly enhanced by concurrent pazopanib, which itself had only modest activity, with 100% survival values of the drug combination after six months of continuous therapy. In conclusion, oral topotecan may be an ideal agent to consider for clinical trial assessment of metronomic chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, especially when combined with an antiangiogenic drug targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, such as pazopanib. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 996-1006. (c)2010 AACR.
Immunological approaches to contraception in dogs. (1989)

The demand for safe, effective and cost-efficient means of pet population control has generated interest in the development of alternatives to surgical gonadectomy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of immunological approaches to fertility control and to outline recent developments that may aid their design. Among the most promising candidates for immunoneutralization is gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). We have developed a reliable and reproducible GnRH-protein conjugate antigen and demonstrated that immunologically induced infertility is possible in dogs.
Identification and purification of transferrin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica (1991)

Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica were both able to grow in iron-deficient medium when supplemented with iron-saturated human lactoferrin or transferrin but not with human apotransferrin. Direct contact between the transferrins and the Bordetella cells did not appear to be required for growth but considerably improved the growth of the organisms. Analysis of B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica whole-cell lysates from cultures carried out in iron-deficient or iron-replete media revealed iron-repressible proteins (IRPs) of 27 kDa in B. pertussis and of 30, 32, 73.5, and 79.5 kDa in B. bronchiseptica. Iron-inducible proteins of 16, 23.5, 36.5, and 92.5 kDa and of 17, 23.5, 70, 84, and 91 kDa were also identified in B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica, respectively. By use of affinity chromatography with iron-saturated human lactoferrin or transferrin as ligands, the 27- and 32-kDa IRPs from B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica, respectively, were specifically isolated. By using iron-chelated affinity columns, we showed that these proteins exhibit an affinity for iron. Cell fractionation experiments indicated that both of these proteins are probably associated with the outer membrane. Growth of the organisms under modulating conditions showed that the production of these IRPs is not under the genetic transcriptional control of vir or bvg, the general virulence regulon in Bordetella spp.
Bayesian analysis of similarity matrices for speaker diarization (2014)

Inspired by recent success of speaker clustering in Total Variability space we propose a new probabilistic model for speaker diarization based on Bayesian modeling of pairwise similarity scores. The recordings are represented by symmetric similarity matrices of likelihood ratio scores from probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) trained on short-term i-vectors. We employ Bayesian approach to address the problem of unknown number of speakers in conversation. Diarization error rates on the NIST 2008 SRE telephone data indicate comparable performance with state-of-the-art eigenvoice-based diarization. But unlike the eigenvoice approach, our method finds the number of speakers automatically, making the proposed model more viable for practical applications.
Reliability of Flexible Display by Simulation and Strain Gauge Test (2008)

With the requirements of miniaturization of the portable consumer electronic products, more and more new materials, fabricating process and technologies are used to make the electronic components flexible, bendable and wearable. Flexible display, as one of the most important components, recently attracts an enormous research interest in industry and university. With the application of these technologies, the reliability issue has been coming forth with the different designs, fabrication processes and substrate material applications. In this paper, simulations including three points bending and twisting in different ways are investigated. In order to verify the simulation model, a special simulation model that contains the strain gauge is built. Through the comparison of the simulation results and strain gauge test results, the initial right model was given. Based on this model, the impact of different bending setup parameters to the display flexibility were studied, such as the bending roller radius, the span of support roller, bending height and etc. And the flexibility and reliability of the display were evaluated by the comparisons.
Improved real-time detection of the H63D and S65C mutations associated with hereditary hemochromatosis using a SimpleProbe assay format (2008)

The SimpleProbe assay format offers some unique advantages compared to hybridization probes and offers a robust and interesting alternative to hybridization probes in the detection of genetic variations. This is the first time that the use of this assay format is described in the clinical literature.
Finite element study of rotor slot designs with respect to current monitoring for detecting static airgap eccentricity in squirrel-cage induction motors (2002)

Previous research using the MMF and permeance wave approach and experimental investigations has established that there are specific frequency components in the input current signal to an induction motor which are a function of static eccentricity, rotor slotting and saturation. The magnitudes of these components increase as the level of static eccentricity increases. The work reported in this paper applies finite element analysis to model a motor with static eccentricity to predict the severity of the fault from the magnitudes of these current components. The finite element results are compared with measured results from the test-rig motor being modelled and the agreement between them is found to be consistently closer than was achieved on previous attempts using the MMF and permeance wave approach. The finite element analysis is also used to determine what effect rotor slotting has on the magnitude of these components in relation to the overall changes in magnitude due to increasing static eccentricity levels. Different rotor slot designs were modelled (open, closed, semi-closed) and it was found that in terms of online current monitoring of induction motors the effect of different rotor slots on the magnitudes of the components was significant. This study has provided valuable information in terms of monitoring different motors in industry with the severity of the fault at different stages.
Orientation Dependence of Trinucleotide CAG Repeat Instability in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

To examine the chromosomal stability of repetitions of the trinucleotide CAG, we have cloned CAG repeat tracts onto the 3' end of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE2 gene and placed the appended gene into the ARO2 locus of chromosome VII. Examination of chromosomal DNA from sibling colonies arising from clonal expansion of strains harboring repeat tracts showed that repeat tracts often change in length. Most changes in tract length are decreases, but rare increases also occur. Longer tracts are more unstable than smaller tracts. The most unstable tracts, of 80 to 90 repeats, undergo changes at rates as high as 3 x 10(-2) changes per cell per generation. To examine whether repeat orientation or adjacent sequences alter repeat stability, we constructed strains with repeat tracts in both orientations, either with or without sequences 5' to ADE2 harboring an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS; replication origin). When CAG is in the ADE2 coding strand of strains harboring the ARS, the repeat tract is relatively stable regardless of the orientation of ADE2. When CTG is in the ADE2 coding strand of strains harboring the ARS, the repeat tract is relatively unstable regardless of the orientation of ADE2. Removal of the ARS as well as other sequences adjacent to the 5' end of ADE2 alters the orientation dependence such that stability now depends on the orientation of ADE2 in the chromosome. These results suggest that the proximity of an ARS or another sequence has a profound effect on repeat stability.
Glucose-Sensitive Holographic Sensors for Monitoring Bacterial Growth (2004)

A glucose sensor comprising a reflection hologram incorporated into a thin, acrylamide hydrogel film bearing the cis-diol binding ligand, 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (3-APB), is described. The diffraction wavelength (color) of the hologram changes as the polymer swells upon binding cis-diols. The effect of various concentrations of glucose, a variety of mono- and disaccharides, and the alpha-hydroxy acid, lactate, on the holographic response was investigated. The sensor displayed reversible changes in diffraction wavelength as a function of cis-diol concentration, with the sensitivity of the system being dependent on the cis-diol tested. The effect of varying 3-APB concentration in the hydrogel on the holographic response to glucose was investigated, and maximum sensitivity was observed at a functional monomer concentration of 20 mol %. The potential for using this holographic sensor to detect real-time changes in bacterial cell metabolism was demonstrated by monitoring the germination and subsequent vegetative growth of Bacillus subtilis spores.
Phase I trial of retinoic acid and cis-platinum for advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck based on experimental evidence of drug synergism☆☆☆★★★ (1998)

OBJECTIVE: Cis-platinum and 13-cis-retinoic acid have received much attention in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell cancer. Even though they have different mechanisms of action, little information is available on their interaction. This paper reviews experimental evidence for retinoic acid–cis-platinum synergy and presents toxicity data from patients with stage IV head and neck squamous cell cancer participating in a phase I trial combining 13-cis-retinoic acid and cis-platinum. METHODS: Patients were given 13-cis-retinoic acid orally daily for 7 days before and daily during high-dose (150 mg/m2 per week for 4 weeks) intraarterial cis-platinum treatment with concurrent radiation. Toxicity was scored with use of the cancer and leukemia group B scale. RESULTS: In the phase I clinical trial, 15 patients were treated to determine a maximum tolerated dosage for 13-cis-retinoic acid of 20 mg/day. Grade 4 hematologic toxicity was dose limiting in 3 of 8 patients treated with 40 mg/day and in 1 patient treated with 60 mg/day. There were no deaths caused by toxicity; 12 of the 15 patients received all four weekly doses and the remaining 3 received three doses. Of 10 patients with fully evaluable data, all achieved a complete response at the primary site and 9 had a complete response in the neck. One patient had persistent neck disease after chemoradiation, and this tumor was removed with neck dissection. CONCLUSIONS: 13-Cis-retinoic acid and cis-platinum are strongly synergistic against head and neck squamous cell cancer in vitro. Pretreatment with retinoic acid results in stronger synergy than concurrent drug exposure alone. Preliminary clinical experience with combined retinoic acid and cis-platinum in a design that parallels the in vitro study indicates that toxicity is acceptable with 13-cis-retinoic acid dosages of 20 mg/day in a high-dose-intensity intraarterial chemoradiation regimen. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:597-602.)