gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separating predictable and unpredictable flows via dynamic flow mining for effective traffic engineering (2016)

For Internet service providers to efficiently use network resources, they need to conduct traffic engineering to dynamically control traffic routes to accommodate traffic with limited network resources. The performance of traffic engineering depends on the accuracy of traffic prediction. However, the volume of network traffic has been changing drastically in recent years due to the growth of various types of network services, making traffic prediction increasingly difficult. Our simple ideas to overcome this challenge are to separate traffic into predictable and unpredictable parts and to apply different control policies to predictable and unpredictable traffic. To promote these ideas, we use software-defined networking technology, particularly Open-Flow, that can control macroflows defined by any combination of L2-L4 packet header information such as 5-tuple. In this paper, we therefore propose the macroflow-generating method for separating traffic into predictable macroflows that have little traffic variation and unpredictable macroflows that have large traffic variation within a limited flow table size. We also propose a macroflow-based traffic engineering scheme that uses different routing policies in accordance with traffic predictability. Simulation evaluation results suggest that our proposed scheme can reduce the maximum link load in a network at the most congested time by 34% and the average link load in a network on average by 11% compared with the current traffic engineering schemes.
Characteristic Thickness for a Dense La[sub 0.8]Sr[sub 0.2]MnO[sub 3] Electrode (2005)

Dense (LSM) electrodes were patterned by photolithography and fabricated via pulsed-laser deposition on -stabalized (YSZ) electrolytes. Impedance analysis shows that the interfacial polarization resistance decreases significantly as electrode thickness drops below a critical value, beyond which the top surface of the LSM becomes active for oxygen reduction. However, when the LSM electrodes become too thin, the in-plane sheet resistance of the LSM starts to limit the utilization of the electrodes along their length. Quantification of the characteristic thickness is important not only to intelligent design of practical mixed-conducting electrodes but also to electrode design for fundamental studies.
High-frequency Faraday cup array (1980)

A high frequency response Faraday cup array has been developed to measure the beam profile and high frequency wave behavior of the Auto-Resonant Accelerator electron beam.
A deletion that includes the signal peptidase cleavage site impairs processing, glycosylation, and secretion of cell surface yeast acid phosphatase. (1984)

We transformed Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a high-copy-number plasmid carrying either the wild-type gene coding for a repressible cell surface acid phosphatase or two modified genes whose products lack a 13- or 14-amino-acid segment spanning or immediately adjacent to the signal peptidase cleavage site. The wild-type gene product underwent proteolytic cleavage of the signal peptide, core glycosylation, and outer chain glycosylation. The deletion spanning the signal peptidase cleavage site led to an unprocessed protein. This modified protein exhibited core glycosylation, whereas its outer chain glycosylation was severely inhibited. Secretion of the deleted protein was impaired, and active enzyme accumulated within the cell. The deletion immediately adjacent to the signal peptidase cleavage site exhibited only a small decrease in the efficiency of processing and had no effect on the efficiency of secretion.
Cell–cell contact globally activates microRNA biogenesis (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18- to 24-nt RNA molecules that regulate messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Posttranscriptional mechanisms regulate miRNA abundance during development as well as in cancer cells where miRNAs frequently exhibit dysregulated expression. The molecular mechanisms that govern the global efficiency of miRNA biogenesis in these settings remain incompletely understood, and experimental systems for the biochemical dissection of these pathways are currently lacking. Here, we demonstrate that miRNAs are subject to dynamic posttranscriptional regulation in widely used cell culture systems. As diverse mammalian and Drosophila cell lines are grown to increasing density, miRNA biogenesis is globally activated, leading to elevated mature miRNA levels and stronger repression of target constructs. This broad increase in miRNA abundance is associated with enhanced processing of miRNAs by Drosha and more efficient formation of RNA-induced silencing complexes. These findings uncover a critical parameter necessary for accurate analysis of miRNAs in cell culture settings, establish a tractable system for the study of regulated miRNA biogenesis, and may provide insight into mechanisms that influence miRNA expression in physiologic and pathophysiologic states.
Interaction of Hoechst 33258 with Repeating Synthetic DNA Polymers and Natural DNA (1988)

Fluorescence, circular dichroism and sedimentation through cesium chloride gradient techniques were performed to study the physical properties of the binding of the bisbenzimidazole dye Hoechst 33258 (H33258) to natural DNAs and synthetic polynucleotides of defined repeating units. These studies show that Hoechst 33258 exhibits at least two modes of interaction with duplex DNA: (1) a strong base pair specific mode which requires at least 4 consecutive AT base pairs and (2) a weaker mode of binding which is significantly reduced in the presence of high salt (0.4 M NaCl) and exhibits no apparent base specificity. The H33258 binding was found to be sensitive to the substitutions in the minor groove elements of a series of synthetic polynucleotides supporting the model of H33258 binding in the minor groove of the DNA with AT rich sequences. Similar mode of binding was predicted in natural DNAs by methylation of dye-DNA complexes. Footprint analysis of the complex of dye to a pBR322 fragment also supports that a minimum of 4 consecutive AT base pairs are required for H33258 binding to DNA.
Efficient penetration depth approximation using active learning (2013)

We present a new method for efficiently approximating the global penetration depth between two rigid objects using machine learning techniques. Our approach consists of two phases: offline learning and performing run-time queries. In the learning phase, we precompute an approximation of the contact space of a pair of intersecting objects from a set of samples in the configuration space. We use active and incremental learning algorithms to accelerate the precomputation and improve the accuracy. During the run-time phase, our algorithm performs a nearest-neighbor query based on translational or rotational distance metrics. The run-time query has a small overhead and computes an approximation to global penetration depth in a few milliseconds. We use our algorithm for collision response computations in Box2D or Bullet game physics engines and complex 3D models and observe more than an order of magnitude improvement over prior PD computation techniques.
Fatores de risco para o acidente vascular encefálico em usuários do Hospital Geral Prado Valadares (2011)

\nEste estudo teve por objetivo identificar os principais fatores de risco para o Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) em usuários do Hospital Geral Prado Valadares, no município de Jequié/BA. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva observacional com abordagem retrospectiva, em 327 prontuários de pacientes acometidos por AVE internados no HGPV no período de março de 2003 a dezembro de 2005, uma vez que a coleta de dados ocorreu no final do segundo semestre de 2006. Dos prontuários analisados, 50,7% correspondiam ao sexo feminino, sendo que 26,9% do total de pacientes foram a óbito, e a maioria desenvolveu apenas um sinal ou sintoma característico do AVE (57,8%). 64,2% apresentavam história de apenas um fator de risco modificável, sendo a hipertensão arterial o mais encontrado nos prontuários analisados (79,8%). Constatou-se no presente estudo que a maioria dos portadores de AVE eram do sexo feminino, presença de apenas um sintoma e somente um fator de risco modificável, sendo a hipertensão arterial o fator de risco mais comum. Nesta perspectiva há a necessidade imediata de maior divulgação junto à sociedade quanto aos fatores de risco dessa patologia, como meio de prevenção de suas seqüelas no indivíduo e dos elevados custos com a permanência em leito hospitalar.\n
Copolymerization of acrylonitrile with 3‐chloro, 2‐hydroxy‐propyl acrylate and methacrylate (1983)

Abstract Acrylonitrile (AN) was copolymerized with 3‐chloro, 2‐hydroxy propyl acrylate (CHPA) and 3‐chloro, 2‐hydroxy‐propyl methacrylate (CHPMA) in water and water‐acetone medium at 40°C with potassium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite as redox initiators. Copolymer composition was determined from the nitrogen content. The reactivity ratios for the AN‐CHPMA system were also calculated by the Kelen–Tudos method. The reactivity ratio r 2 (CHPMA) was higher for the AN‐CHPMA system in both media, which indicated higher reactivity of CHPMA toward the propagation species. Addition of acetone decreases r 2 and increases r 1 . It was found that the copolymers prepared in water medium were not completely soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF); the insoluble fraction was rich in CHPA/CHPMA and increased with increasing comonomer composition. The influence of the acrylate comonomer on properties such as solubility and intrinsic viscosity was also studied.
Continuous fermentative hydrogen production from a wheat starch co‐product by mixed microflora (2003)

For the transition to the hydrogen economy, hydrogen must be produced sustainably, e.g., by the fermentation of agricultural material. Continuous fermentative production of hydrogen from an insoluble substrate in nonsterile conditions is yet to be reported. In this study hydrogen production using mixed microflora from heat-treated digested sewage sludge in nonsterile conditions from a particulate co-product of the wheat flour industry (7.5 g L(-1) total hexose) at 18- and 12-hour hydraulic retention times, pH 4.5 and 5.2, 30 degrees C and 35 degrees C was examined. In continuous operation, hydrogen yields of approximately 1.3 moles hydrogen/mole hexose consumed were obtained, but decreased if acetate or propionate levels rose, indicating metabolism shifted towards hydrogen consumption by homoacetogenesis or propionate producers. These shifts occurred both at pH 4.5 and 5.2. Sparging the reactor with nitrogen to reduce hydrogen in the off-gas from 50% to 7% gave stable operation with a hydrogen yield of 1.9 moles hydrogen /mole hexose consumed over an 18-day period.
Mechanisms of iron regulation in mycobacteria: role in physiology and virulence (2003)

The role of iron in mycobacteria as in other bacteria goes beyond the need for this essential cofactor. Limitation of this metal triggers an extensive response aimed at increasing iron acquisition while coping with iron deficiency. In contrast, iron-rich environments prompt these prokaryotes to induce synthesis of iron storage molecules and to increase mechanisms of protection against iron-mediated oxidative damage. The response to changes in iron availability is strictly regulated in order to maintain sufficient but not excessive and potentially toxic levels of iron in the cell. This response is also linked to other important processes such as protection against oxidative stress and virulence. In bacteria, iron metabolism is regulated by controlling transcription of genes involved in iron uptake, transport and storage. In mycobacteria, this role is fulfilled by the iron-dependent regulator IdeR. IdeR is an essential protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis. It functions as a repressor of iron acquisition genes, but is also an activator of iron storage genes and a positive regulator of oxidative stress responses.
Optimal stent design for drug delivery. (2004)

The clinical consequences of stent thrombosis are frequently catastrophic. This article reviews the factors previously implicated in the occurrence of stent thrombosis and analyzes recent reports of thrombosis involving a new sirolimus-eluting stent (Cypher). Factors associated with stent thrombosis include intrinsic stent thrombogenicity and patient-, target lesion-, and procedure-related issues. Stent design may influence the degree of platelet activation after coronary stent deployment. In drug-eluting stents, the mechanical properties of the bare metal stent platform might be altered by the polymer coating, and the propensity for thrombosis might be influenced by both the polymer coating and the medication with which it is impregnated. Cumulative data for the Cypher stent do not suggest a propensity for thrombosis, but several caveats should be observed to enhance the safety of the device.
Eigenvectors for clustering: Unipartite, bipartite, and directed graph cases (2010)

This paper presents a concise tutorial on spectral clustering for broad spectrum graphs which include unipartite (undirected) graph, bipartite graph, and directed graph. We show how to transform bipartite graph and directed graph into corresponding unipartite graph, therefore allowing a unified treatment to all cases. In bipartite graph, we show that the relaxed solution to the $K$-way co-clustering can be found by computing the left and right eigenvectors of the data matrix. This gives a theoretical basis for $K$-way spectral co-clustering algorithms proposed in the literatures. We also show that solving row and column co-clustering is equivalent to solving row and column clustering separately, thus giving a theoretical support for the claim: ``column clustering implies row clustering and vice versa''. And in the last part, we generalize the Ky Fan theorem---which is the central theorem for explaining spectral clustering---to rectangular complex matrix motivated by the results from bipartite graph analysis.
ACCLIMATIZATION TO LIVING IN NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA AND TRAINING IN NORMOXIA AT SEA LEVEL IN RUNNERS (1995)

Laitinen, H.; Alopaeus, K.; Heikkinen, R.; Hietanen, H.; Mikkelsson, L.; Tikkanen, H.; Rusko, H. K. Author Information
Topological Defect Lasers (2015)

We demonstrate topological defect lasers in a GaAs membrane with embedded InAs quantum dots. By introducing a disclination to a square-lattice of elliptical air holes, we obtain spatially confined lasing modes that support powerflow vortices.
Effect of Ultrasound on Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Pretreatment for Biorefinery and Biofuel Applications (2013)

The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels and biorefinery applications is limited due to the cost of pretreatment to separate or access the biomass’s three main usable components, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. After pretreatment, each component may be utilized via chemical conversion, hydrolysis, and/or fermentation. In this review we aim first, to identify the current status-quo of knowledge of the parametric effects of ultrasound, second, to evaluate the potential of ultrasound as a pretreatment and fractionation method of lignocellulose, and last, to identify the challenges that this technology faces. Ultrasound produces chemical and physical effects which were both found to augment the pretreatment of lignocellulose via delignification and surface erosion. The magnitudes of these effects are altered when the ultrasonic field is influenced by parameters such as solvent, ultrasonic frequency, and reactor geometry and type. Therefore, the implementation of ultrasound for the pretreatment of lignocellulose must consider the variation of ultrasonic influences to capitalize on the key effects of ultrasound. Currently the literature is dominated by low frequency ultrasonic treatment, coupled with alkaline solutions. High frequency ultrasound, oxidizing solutions, and use of combined alternative augmentation techniques show promise for the reduction of energy consumed and synergistic enhancement of ultrasonic treatment. Furthermore, feedstock characteristics, reactor configuration, kinetics, and the ultrasonic environment should be considered.
A novel Bridgman-Stockbarger melt growth system for organic nonlinear optical materials (1993)

A modified Bridgman-Stockbarger crystal growth system has been designed and fabricated by relatively low-temperature (up to 250 degrees C) nonlinear optical organic materials. The novel feature is that the crystal melt surface can be viewed from any direction and the temperature gradient between the hot and cold zone can be adjusted at any time. The ampoule can be lowered at a rate as slow as 0.1 mm h-1. The temperature can be maintained to a precision of +or-0.01 degrees C. High-quality single crystals of benzil have been successfully grown using this system.
Shining light on the head: Photobiomodulation for brain disorders (2016)

Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of dying. One of the organ systems of the human body that is most necessary to life, and whose optimum functioning is most worried about by humankind in general, is the brain. The brain suffers from many different disorders that can be classified into three broad groupings: traumatic events (stroke, traumatic brain injury, and global ischemia), degenerative diseases (dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), and psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder). There is some evidence that all these seemingly diverse conditions can be beneficially affected by applying light to the head. There is even the possibility that PBM could be used for cognitive enhancement in normal healthy people. In this transcranial PBM (tPBM) application, near-infrared (NIR) light is often applied to the forehead because of the better penetration (no hair, longer wavelength). Some workers have used lasers, but recently the introduction of inexpensive light emitting diode (LED) arrays has allowed the development of light emitting helmets or "brain caps". This review will cover the mechanisms of action of photobiomodulation to the brain, and summarize some of the key pre-clinical studies and clinical trials that have been undertaken for diverse brain disorders.
Design of a Low-cost CO2 Capture Process Based on Heat Integration Technology (2014)

Abstract CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology has attracted attention to mitigate CO 2 emission. Among the dominant CO 2 capture technologies, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a promising alternative but requires still intensive energy consumption. In this study, a novel self-heat recuperation technology has been applied to the PSA process to reduce the CO 2 capture cost. The detailed energy input of the proposed process is simulated using a commercial process simulator (PRO/II, Invensys). The simulation results indicate that the heat of adsorption stage (exothermic reaction) can be significantly recovered by reaction heat transformer (RHT), and reused for adsorbent regeneration (endothermic reaction). Meanwhile, an expander is added to recover wasted pressure associated with residual gas. As a result, the energy consumption of the proposed process is reduced to 40% of that of the conventional process.
Dyslipidemia Prevalence, Treatment, and Control in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (2006)

Dyslipidemia is common among persons without CVD. The quality of care for dyslipidemia is suboptimal in general and variable by CVD risk group, ethnicity, and gender. The utility of incorporating CAC screening into the risk stratification and treatment process should be investigated in light of the substantial proportions of persons with CAC who are currently classified as not requiring treatment. Research and quality improvement programs are needed to optimize management of dyslipidemia.
A Thyristor Full-Bridge-Based DC Circuit Breaker (2019)

DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) are vital for the safe and continuous operation of large high-voltage dc grids. Insulated-gate bipolar transistor-based hybrid DCCBs (IHCBs) can interrupt currents quickly and have good operational characteristics. Thyristor-based hybrid DCCBs (THCBs) are superior to IHCBs in terms of interruption capacity because of the large surge current capacity of thyristors. Nevertheless, existing THCBs have limitations regarding one or more of the following characteristics: pre-activation, fast reclosing, quick interruption of small current and no requirement for an additional pre-charge source. This paper proposes a thyristor full-bridge-based dc circuit breaker (TFCB) with all favorable characteristics mentioned above. The TFCB contains a main conductor, a main breaker (MB), an auxiliary branch, and an energy absorber. After an interruption, the capacitor in the TFCB can restore its initial voltage quickly to guarantee that the TFCB is available for the next interruption. Quick interruption of small currents is achieved using the additional charge current provided by the auxiliary branch. Pre-activation is achieved using the conduction path in the MB. The parameter designs are analyzed to ensure that the TFCB reliably interrupts currents without damaging itself. The proposed TFCB is validated using prototype experiments and PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.
Restoration of the basement membrane after wounding: a hallmark of young human skin altered with aging (2017)

In skin, the basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ-BM) is an important structure that tightly binds the epidermis to the dermis, and acts as a permeability barrier that controls exchange of macromolecules. Repair of the DEJ-BM during wound healing is important for restoration of skin functional properties after wounding. Here, we used a CO<sub>2</sub> laser to perform partial thickness wounds in human volunteers, and directly compared wound repair in healthy young and aged individuals, focusing on the DEJ-BM. Our results show that the DEJ-BM is restored within four weeks after partial thickness wounds in young adults. We identified laminin-γ2 as preferred substrate for keratinocytes during reepithelialization of partial thickness human wounds. Laminin-γ2 is expressed continuously by migrating keratinocytes during reepithelialization, whereas collagen IV and collagen VII are deposited after wound closure. In contrast, our study shows that the DEJ-BM restoration following wounding is deficient in elderly individuals. Specifically, COL7A2 was barely increased during wound repair in aged skin and, as a result, the DEJ-BM in elderly skin was not restored and showed abnormal structure. Our data suggest that ameliorating the quality of the DEJ-BM restoration is a promising therapeutic approach to improve the quality of repaired skin in the elderly.