gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Transfer and Expression of the Human β-Globin Gene in a Mouse Transplant Model (1997)

Somatic gene therapy of hemoglobinopathies depends initially on the demonstration of safe, efficient gene transfer and long-term, high-level expression of the transferred human beta-globin gene in animal models. We have used a beta-globin gene/beta-locus control region retroviral vector containing several modifications to optimize gene transfer and expression in a mouse transplant model. In this report we show that transplantation of beta-globin-transduced hematopoietic cells into lethally irradiated mice leads to the continued presence of the gene up to 8 months posttransplantation. The transferred human beta-globin gene is detected in 3 of 5 mice surviving long term (>4 months) transplanted with bone marrow cells transduced with high-titer virus. Southern blotting confirms the presence of the unrearranged 5.1-kb human beta-globin gene-containing provirus in 2 of these mice. In addition, long-term expression of the transferred gene is seen in 2 mice at levels of 5% and 20% that of endogenous murine beta-globin at 6 and 8 months posttransplantation. We further document stem cell transduction by the successful transfer and high-level expression of the human beta-globin gene from mice transduced 9 months earlier into irradiated secondary recipient mice. These results demonstrate high-level, long-term somatic human beta-globin gene transfer into the hematopoietic stem cells of an animal for the first time, and suggest the potential feasibility of a retroviral gene therapy approach to sickle cell disease and the beta thalassemias.
Research on Data Security of Mobile Payment App (2014)

This paper studies Mobile Payment App from Mobile payment and Application. We analyze the data security risks hidden in this payment model. Give the corresponding solutions. Finally, look forward the research direction of Mobile Payment App security.
[Sucking and drinking behavior as criteria of vitality in newborn calves]. (1997)

Newborn dairy calves (n = 82) were investigated for relations between frequency and intensity of sucking movements at the one hand and course of parturition, values of a modified Apgar-Score, time between birth and first standing as well as parameters in the blood (lactate, glucose, immunoglobulins, pH, base excess, pCO2) and the incidence of newborn diseases at the other hand. In another group 101 dairy and 533 crossbred calves (dairy x beef) were compared with regard to the course of parturition, vitality, sucking behaviour and the ability to stand and drink without help 12 hours post natum. Sucking behaviour can be recommended as a criterion of vitality alone or as part of a modified Apgar-Score. A frequency of 80 and more intensive sucking movements/min sucking time and the ability to stand and drink without human help within 12 hours post natum are physiological. In milk x beef crossbred calves this ability can be impaired even in cases of normal birth.
Three-dimensional self-assembly of metal nanoparticles: Possible photonic crystal with a complete gap below the plasma frequency (2001)

We study theoretically the optical properties of a three-dimensional self-assembly of spherical-metal nanoparticles. Our band-structure calculations show that photonic band gaps in near infrared and optical frequencies can be realized in a fcc lattice of metal particles with radii of approximately 160 nm. When absorption is taken into account, we found that the gap is preserved in good metals like silver. The metal nanoparticles can be replaced by dielectric spheres coated with a layer of good metal.
Handwritten Bangla Numeral and Basic Character Recognition Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

In this paper, the problem of recognizing handwritten Bangla characters is addressed. Handwritten character recognition is one of the most practiced tasks in computer vision. Over the past few years Convolutional Neural Network has produced the best results in case of English handwritten character recognition. Although Bangla the official language of Bangladesh and several Indian states with over 200 million native speakers Bangla handwritten character recognition is quite far behind. We present a 9 layer sequential Convolutional Neural Network model to recognize 60 (10 numerals+ 50 basic characters) Bangla handwritten characters. BanglaLekha-Isolated dataset is used as train-validation set. A new dataset of 6000 images is created for cross validation. Our proposed model trained to recognize 60 characters achieves state-of-the-art 99.44% accuracy on BanglaLekha-Isolated dataset and 95.16% accuracy on prepared test set. Experiments on recognizing Bangla numerals separately also show state-of-the-art performance.
An LC bandpass &#x0394;&#x03A3; ADC with 70dB SNDR over 20MHz bandwidth using CMOS DACs (2012)

Digitization from IF or RF using an LC bandpass ΔΣ modulator avoids the traditional problems of direct-conversion receivers, such as EVM degradation due to IQ imbalance, 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order intermodulation, and AGC interaction with DC offset correction settling. Our target application is a low-power IEEE 802.11n receiver for 2.4 to 2.5GHz using a fixed 3.2GHz clock and IF tuned from 700 to 800MHz. The fixed clock allows an integer-N PLL with high reference frequency (40MHz, for example), which allows wide loop bandwidth and low phase noise, even at mW-level power consumption (e.g. [1]). The power savings from simplified LO generation are also important. Sampling from IF with an f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> /4 modulator rather than sampling from RF with a 3f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> /4 modulator (as in [2]) gives higher ADC SNR because Q-enhanced LC filters have a tradeoff between Q and SNR and the loop filter fractional bandwidth is greater at the lower center frequency.
Synthetic full waveform acoustic logs in cased boreholes (1984)

Abstract A general expression is derived for the dispersion relations and the impulse response of a radially layered borehole. The model geometry consists of a central fluid cylinder surrounded by an arbitrary number of solid annuli. A Thomson-Haskell type propagator matrix is used to relate stresses and displacements across the layers. Although the model is completely general, the geometries considered here are restricted to those of a cased hole. Layers of steel, cement, and formation surround the innermost fluid layer. Synthetic microseismograms containing all body and interface waves are calculated for a variety of model parameters.Formation body wave arrivals are relatively unaffected by the presence of a casing. They may, however, be hard to identify if cement velocities are close to or larger than those of the formation. The Stoneley and pseudo-Rayleigh wave arrivals are strongly influenced by the casing parameters. They respond to the combined effects of the steel, the cement, and the formation.
Introducing an expanded CAG tract into the huntingtin gene causes a wide spectrum of ultrastructural defects in cultured human cells (2018)

Modeling of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro holds great promise for biomedical research. Human cell lines harboring a mutations in disease-causing genes are thought to recapitulate early stages of the development an inherited disease. Modern genome-editing tools allow researchers to create isogenic cell clones with an identical genetic background providing an adequate "healthy" control for biomedical and pharmacological experiments. Here, we generated isogenic mutant cell clones with 150 CAG repeats in the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and performed ultrastructural and morphometric analyses of the internal organization of the mutant cells. Electron microscopy showed that deletion of three CAG triplets or an HTT gene knockout had no significant influence on the cell structure. The insertion of 150 CAG repeats led to substantial changes in quantitative and morphological parameters of mitochondria and increased the association of mitochondria with the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum while causing accumulation of small autolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Our data indicate for the first time that expansion of the CAG repeat tract in HTT introduced via the CRISPR/Cas9 technology into a human cell line initiates numerous ultrastructural defects that are typical for Huntington's disease.
Human herpesvirus-8-encoded LNA-1 accumulates in heterochromatin- associated nuclear bodies (1999)

Subnuclear distribution of the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)- encoded nuclear protein LNA-1 was analysed at high resolution in body cavity (BC) lymphoma-derived cell lines, in cell hybrids between BC cells and various human and mouse cells and in freshly infected K562 and ECV cell lines. Three-dimensional reconstruction of nuclei from optical sections and quantitative analysis of the distribution of LNA-1 fluorescence in relation to chromatin showed that LNA-1 associates preferentially with the border of heterochromatin in the interphase nuclei. This was further confirmed in the following systems: in endo- and exonuclease-digested nuclei, in human-mouse (BC-1-Sp2- 0) hybrids and on chromatin spreads. LNA-1 was found to bind to mitotic chromosomes at random. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but not HHV-8, was rapidly lost from mouse-human hybrid cells in parallel with the loss of human chromosomes. HHV-8 could persist on the residual mouse background for more than 8 months. In early human-mouse hybrids that contain a single fused nucleus, LNA-1 preferentially associates with human chromatin. After the gradual loss of the human chromosomes, LNA-1 becomes associated with the murine pericentromeric heterochromatin. In human-human hybrids derived from the fusion of the HHV-8-carrying BCBL-1 cells and the EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line IB4, LNA-1 did not co-localize with EBNA-1, EBNA-2, EBNA-5 or EBNA-6. LNA-1 was not associated with PML containing ND10 bodies either. DNase but not RNase or detergent treatment of isolated nuclei destroys LNA-1 bodies. In advanced apoptotic cells LNA- 1 bodies remain intact but are not included in the apoptotic bodies themselves.
Localisation and expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase mRNA in <i>Arabidopsis</i> in response to drought stress and during seed development (2001)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in seed development and plant adaptation to environmental stresses. ABA is synthesized from cleaved xanthophylls and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin. In this study, we have characterized the ABA1 gene ( AtZEP ) of Arabidopsis thaliana L. and show that this complements the aba1 mutant, defective in zeaxanthin epoxidation. The molecular basis for two aba1 mutant alleles has been determined and the reduction in their AtZEP transcript levels correlates with the molecular defect identified. As AtZEP mRNA abundance was not affected in two other ABA-deficient mutants ( aba2 and aba3 ) and in two ABA-insensitive mutants ( abi1 and abi2 ), no feedback regulation of ABA biosynthesis seems to occur at the level of ZEP transcription. Steady state transcript levels increased in roots during rapid water stress as well as progressive drought stress, providing evidence that zeaxanthin epoxidation contributed to the regulation of ABA biosynthesis in roots and consequently to the plant adaptive response to hydric stress. In seeds in situ hybridization analysis detected AtZEP mRNA in the embryo cells from the globular stage to desiccation phase. In contrast, expression of AtZEP in maternal tissues was specific to the maturation phase. These results are discussed in relation to the role of ABA both in response to drought stress and in seed development.
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships (1992)

Antagonists of 5HT3 receptors are clinically effective in treating nausea and emesis associated with certain oncolytic drugs, including cisplatin. Moreover, these agents may be useful in pharmacological management of several central nervous system disorders, including anxiety, schizophrenia, dementia, and substance abuse. Our studies on aroyltropanamides led to the discovery that dihydrobenzofuranyl esters and amides are potent 5HT3 receptor antagonists. Simple benzoyl derivatives of tropine and 3 alpha-aminotropane possessed weak 5HT3 receptor antagonist activity, as judged by blockade of bradycardia produced by iv injection of serotonin (5HT) to anesthetized rats. Within this series, use of benzofuran-7-carboxamide as the aroyl moiety led to a substantial increase of 5HT3 receptor affinity. The optimal 5HT3 receptor antagonist identified via extensive SAR studies was endo-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oc t- 3-yl)-7-benzofurancarboxamide (Z)-2-butenedioate (zatosetron maleate). The 7-carbamyl regiochemistry, dimethyl substitution, chloro substituent, and endo stereochemistry were all crucial elements of the SAR. Zatosetron maleate was a potent antagonist of 5HT-induced bradycardia in rats (ED50 = 0.86 micrograms/kg i.v.). Low oral doses of zatosetron (30 micrograms/kg) produced long-lasting antagonism of 5HT3 receptors, as evidenced by blockade of 5HT-induced bradycardia for longer than 6 h in rats. Moreover, this compound did not produce hemodynamic effects after i.v. administration to rats, nor did it block carbamylcholine-induced bradycardia in doses that markedly blocked 5HT3 receptors. Thus, zatosetron is a potent, selective, orally effective 5HT3 receptor antagonist with a long duration of action in rats.
On Practical Sampling of Bidirectional Reflectance (2016)

Accurate material models are a key part in producing convincing, photo-realistic, images in computer graphics. Elaborate analytical models exist, allowing graphics designers to manually design material appearance. However, given the complex nature and wide variability of material appearance, measuring this from the real world is an impractical and time-consuming process. Having a practical way of measuring material appearance will not only be of great value to the graphics community, but also open up for a wide range of new application areas, including industrial production quality control, digital prototyping and manufacturing, and interactive real-time product visualization. In this thesis, the challenge of making material appearance measurements practical is addressed. Specifically, the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), which is the quantity describing material appearance, is thoroughly analysed using both optimisation tools and multivariate statistics, in search of making BRDFs more accessible. The work demonstrated includes an insight into the challenges of fitting analytical models to measured data and on the compromises one is bound to make when simplifying the real world with a parametric BRDF model. Specifically we identify what error measures work well for obtaining perceputally good results and how a simple BRDF model may be modified to better match real world data. With an offset in this, a linear, data-driven, BRDF model is proposed and a framework for reconstructing full and accurate BRDFs from only a few measurements is presented. It is here demonstrated that with as little as 20 point-samples, a BRDF can accurately be reconstructed. Furthermore utilising the field of view of a camera, this may be reduced to as little as two images. With this, the thesis demonstrates how BRDF measurements can be made practical, and it exemplifies this with a range of datasets intended for various purposes, each including high quality measured BRDFs. Where the classical approach to BRDF capture may take weeks in measurement time, we here successfully demonstrate that is can in fact be reduced to no more than minutes or even seconds using our framework.
Computational design and experimental verification of a symmetric protein homodimer (2015)

Homodimers are the most common type of protein assembly in nature and have distinct features compared with heterodimers and higher order oligomers. Understanding homodimer interactions at the atomic level is critical both for elucidating their biological mechanisms of action and for accurate modeling of complexes of unknown structure. Computation-based design of novel protein-protein interfaces can serve as a bottom-up method to further our understanding of protein interactions. Previous studies have demonstrated that the de novo design of homodimers can be achieved to atomic-level accuracy by β-strand assembly or through metal-mediated interactions. Here, we report the design and experimental characterization of a α-helix-mediated homodimer with C2 symmetry based on a monomeric Drosophila engrailed homeodomain scaffold. A solution NMR structure shows that the homodimer exhibits parallel helical packing similar to the design model. Because the mutations leading to dimer formation resulted in poor thermostability of the system, design success was facilitated by the introduction of independent thermostabilizing mutations into the scaffold. This two-step design approach, function and stabilization, is likely to be generally applicable, especially if the desired scaffold is of low thermostability.
Experimental investigation of the influence of molecular weight distribution on the rheological properties of polypropylene melts (1980)

Abstract An experimental study of steady shear and elongational flow Theological properties of a series of polypropylene melts of varying molecular weight and distribution is reported. Broadening the molecular weight distribution increases the non‐Newtonian character of the shear viscosity function and increases the principal normal stress differences at fixed shear stress. The behavior is compared to earlier rheological property‐molecular weight studies. Correlations are developed for these properties in terms of molecular structure. Elongational flow studies indicate that for commercial and broader molecular weight distribution samples, ready failure by neck development occurs and the elongational viscosity appears to decrease with increasing elongation rate. For narrower molecular weight distribution samples, the elongational viscosity is an increasing function of elongation rate, The implication of these experimental results to viscoelastic fluid constitutive equations and polymer melt processing is developed.
Molecular-beam epitaxy growth of ZnSe using a cracked selenium source (1990)

A double-oven cracking furnace has been used to produce a flux composed of smaller selenium molecular species for the molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of ZnSe on (100) GaAs substrates. Mass spectrometric analysis of fluxes from a conventional effusion cell and the cracking oven showed a significant difference in the number of large selenium molecules Sen (n&gt;2) in their mass spectra. This new selenium source was found to be reactive with GaAs and its oxides, therefore its reaction with the substrate reduced the effectiveness in desorbing the oxide layer by heat treatment. Using the cracked selenium source, unintentionally doped ZnSe films have been grown on GaAs substrates desorbed in a separate ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber linked to the MBE system. These undoped layers were highly resistive at room temperature and had low-temperature photoluminescence spectra dominated by emission from the recombination of free excitons, comparable to the best layers grown using an uncracked selenium source.
Dotplot: A Program for Exploring Self-Similarity in Millions of Lines of Text and Code (1993)

Kenneth Ward Church, Jonathan Isaac Helfman, Dotplot: A Program for Exploring Self-Similarity in Millions of Lines of Text and Code, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Jun., 1993), pp. 153-174
Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulates hypoxia-induced hyperventilation but not anapyrexia (2004)

The interaction between pulmonary ventilation (V E) and body temperature (Tb) is essential for O2 delivery to match metabolic rate under varying states of metabolic demand. Hypoxia causes hyperventilation and anapyrexia (a regulated drop in Tb), but the neurotransmitters responsible for this interaction are not well known. Since L-glutamate is released centrally in response to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation and glutamatergic receptors are spread in the central nervous system we tested the hypothesis that central L-glutamate mediates the ventilatory and thermal responses to hypoxia. We measured V E and Tb in 40 adult male Wistar rats (270 to 300 g) before and after intracerebroventricular injection of kynurenic acid (KYN, an ionotropic glutamatergic receptor antagonist), alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG, a metabotropic glutamatergic receptor antagonist) or vehicle (saline), followed by a 1-h period of hypoxia (7% inspired O2) or normoxia (humidified room air). Under normoxia, KYN (N = 5) or MCPG (N = 8) treatment did not affect V E or Tb compared to saline (N = 6). KYN and MCPG injection caused a decrease in hypoxia-induced hyperventilation (595 +/- 49 for KYN, N = 7 and 525 +/- 84 ml kg-1 min-1 for MCPG, N = 6; P < 0.05) but did not affect anapyrexia (35.3 +/- 0.2 for KYN and 34.7 +/- 0.4 masculine C for MCPG) compared to saline (912 +/- 110 ml kg-1 min-1 and 34.8 +/- 0.2 masculine C, N = 8). We conclude that glutamatergic receptors are involved in hypoxic hyperventilation but do not affect anapyrexia, indicating that L-glutamate is not a common mediator of this interaction.
Melatonin therapy of advanced human malignant melanoma (1991)

We undertook a study to investigate the therapeutic potential of orally administered melatonin in patients with advanced melanoma. Forty-two patients received melatonin in doses ranging from 5 mg/m2/day to 700 mg/m2/day in four divided doses. Two were excluded from analysis. After a median follow-up of 5 weeks, six patients had partial responses, six additional patients had stable disease. Sites of response included the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue and lung. The median response duration was 33 weeks for the partial responders. There was a suggestion of a dose-response relationship. The toxicity encountered was minimal and consisted primarily of fatigue in 17 of 40 patients. Melatonin also appeared to reduce basal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). No significant changes were encountered in serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). We conclude that further study of melatonin as a potentially useful agent in metastatic melanoma is warranted.
Energy efficiency and sustainable development (2002)

The role of increased energy efficiency in achieving sustainable development is investigated. Specifically, the relations are examined between energy (and energy efficiency) and sustainable development. Also, the linkages are discussed between energy efficiency and environmental impact, and the theoretical and practical limitations on increased energy efficiency are described, particularly as they relate to sustainable development. Finally, a case study is presented, in which the benefits achievable through the cogeneration of electricity and heat are considered for Ontario. It is demonstrated that energy resources and their utilisation are intimately related to sustainable development. It is further demonstrated that, for societies to attain or try to attain sustainable development, much effort must be devoted, not only to discovering sustainable energy resources, but also to increasing the energy efficiencies of processes utilising these resources.