gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking Beyond Detection: Learning a Global Response Map for End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking (2021)

Most of the existing Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) approaches follow the Tracking-by-Detection and Data Association paradigm, in which objects are firstly detected and then associated in the tracking process. In recent years, deep neural network has been utilized to obtain more discriminative appearance features for cross-frame association, and noticeable performance improvement has been reported. On the other hand, the Tracking-by-Detection framework is yet not completely end-to-end, which leads to huge computation and limited performance especially in the inference (tracking) process. To address this problem, we present an effective end-to-end deep learning framework which can directly take image-sequence/video as input and output the located and tracked objects of learned types. Specifically, a novel global response network is learned to project multiple objects in the image-sequence/video into a continuous response map, and the trajectory of each tracked object can then be easily picked out. The overall process is similar to how a detector inputs an image and outputs the bounding boxes of each detected object. Experimental results based on the MOT16 and MOT17 benchmarks show that our proposed on-line tracker achieves state-of-the-art performance on several tracking metrics.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Ruthenium‐Indenylidene Mediated Olefin Metathesis (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sum-Rate Analysis of General OFDM Downlink Channels with 1-bit Feedback per Sub-Carrier (2006)

The ergodic sum-rate capacity of a single-input single-output (SISO) OFDM downlink channel, with K homogenous users scales as log log K when optimal scheduling is employed under certain conditions. However, the optimal scheduling requires that the full channel state information (CSI) for all users be available to the transmitter utilizing valuable bandwidth resources. In (S. Sanayei, et. al., 2004), the authors show that almost the same capacity growth holds even if the feedback rate from the users to the transmitter is reduced to 1-bit per sub-carrier per fading block for a limited class of channels. In this work, we present an alternative simple analysis for a more general class of channels resulting in a closed form expression for the ergodic achievable sum-rate. The mechanism of setting sub-optimal thresholds for the 1-bit quantizers is elucidated by simple lower bound to the sum-rate. Setting these sub-optimal thresholds ensures the same growth rate and non-interference limited behavior (at high-SNR regime) as that of the full-CSI scheme asymptotically with K.
Selective Synthesis of Primary Amines Directly from Alcohols and Ammonia (2008)

Luftstabil und wassertauglich: Die Titelreaktion (siehe Schema) wird selektiv und effizient durch einen neuartigen luftstabilen Ruthenium-Pinzettenkomplex katalysiert und kann in Toluol oder sogar ohne Lösungsmittel „an Wasser“ ausgeführt werden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Widely Adaptable Oil‐in‐Water Gel Emulsions Stabilized by an Amphiphilic Hydrogelator Derived from Dehydroabietic Acid (2019)

A surfactant, R-6-AO, derived from dehydroabietic acid has been synthesized. It behaves as a highly efficient low-molecular-weight hydrogelator with an extremely low critical gelation concentration (CGC) of 0.18 wt % (4 mm). R-6-AO not only stabilizes oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions at concentrations above its critical micelle concentration (cmc) of 0.6 mm, but also forms gel emulsions at concentrations beyond the CGC with the oil volume fraction freely adjustable between 2 % and 95 %. Cryo-TEM images reveal that R-6-AO molecules self-assemble into left-handed helical fibers with cross-sectional diameters of about 10 nm in pure water, which can be turned to very stable hydrogels at concentrations above the CGC. The gel emulsions stabilized by R-6-AO can be prepared with different oils (n-dodecane, n-decane, n-octane, soybean oil, olive oil, tricaprylin) owing to the tricyclic diterpene hydrophobic structure in their molecules that enables them to adopt a unique arrangement in the fibers.
Efficient computation of the worst-delay corner (2007)

Timing analysis and verification is a critical stage in digital integrated circuit design. As feature sizes decrease to nanometer scale, the impact of process parameter variations in circuit performance becomes extremely relevant. Even though several statistical timing analysis techniques have recently been proposed, as a form of incorporating variability effects in traditional static timing analysis, corner analysis still is the current timing signoff methodology for any industrial design. Since it is impossible to analyze a design for all the process corners, due to the exponential size of the corner space, the design is usually analyzed for a set of carefully chosen corners, that are expected to cover all the worst-case scenarios. However, there is no established systematic methodology for picking the right worst-case corners, and this task usually relies on the experience of design and process engineers, many times leading to over design. This paper proposes an efficient automated methodology for computing the worst-delay process corners of a digital integrated circuit, given a linear parametric characterization of the gate and interconnect delays.
Design and Synthesis of Chiral Ketones for Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins (1998)

A series of C2 symmetric chiral ketones were designed and synthesized for catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins. Among those ketones screened, (R)-7, (R)-9, and (R)-10 were found to be highly efficient catalysts for epoxidation of trans-stilbenes with enantioselectivities in the range of 84−95%. Convincing evidence was provided for a spiro transition state of dioxirane epoxidation. Through the 18O-labeling experiment, chiral dioxiranes were found to be the intermediates in chiral ketone catalyzed epoxidation reactions.
Profilin Plays a Role in Cell Elongation, Cell Shape Maintenance, and Flowering in Arabidopsis (2000)

Profilin (PFN) is an ubiquitous, low-M(r), actin-binding protein involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotes including higher plants. PFNs are encoded by a multigene family in Arabidopsis. We have analyzed in vivo functions of Arabidopsis PFN by generating transgenic plants carrying a 35S-PFN-1 or 35S-antisense PFN-1 transgene. Etiolated seedlings underexpressing PFN (PFN-U) displayed an overall dwarf phenotype with short hypocotyls whose lengths were 20% to 25% that of wild type (WT) at low temperatures. Light-grown PFN-U plants were smaller in stature and flowered early. Compared with equivalent cells in WT, most cells in PFN-U hypocotyls and roots were shorter, but more isodiametric, and microscopic observations of etiolated PFN-U hypocotyls revealed a rough epidermal surface. In contrast, light-grown seedlings overexpressing PFN had longer roots and root hair although etiolated seedlings overexpressing PFN were either the same size or slightly longer than WT seedlings. Transgenic seedlings harboring a PFN-1-GUS transgene directed expression in root and root hair and in a ring of cells at the elongating zone of the root tip. As the seedlings matured PFN-1-GUS was mainly expressed in the vascular bundles of cotyledons and leaves. Our results show that Arabidopsis PFNs play a role in cell elongation, cell shape maintenance, polarized growth of root hair, and unexpectedly, in determination of flowering time.
Single-stage single-switch input-current-shaping technique with fast-output-voltage regulation (1998)

A new single-stage single-switch input-current-shaping (S/sup 4/ICS) technique, which combines the boost-like input-current shaper with a continuous-conduction-mode (CCM) DC/DC output stage, is described. In this technique, the boost inductor can operate in both the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and CCM. Due to the ability to keep a relatively low voltage (<450 V/sub DC/) on the energy-storage capacitor, this technique is suitable for the universal line-voltage applications. The voltage on the energy-storage capacitor is kept within the desirable range by the addition of two transformer windings. The principle of operation of the S/sup 4/ICS circuit with a forward DC/DC converter is presented. Experimental results obtained on a 100 W (5 V/20 A) prototype circuit are also given.
Schedulability Analysis of Task Sets with Upper- and Lower-Bound Temporal Constraints (2014)

Increasingly, real-time systems must handle the self-suspension of tasks (that is, lower-bound wait times between subtasks) in a timely and predictable manner. A fast schedulability test that does not significantly overestimate the temporal resources needed to execute self-suspending task sets would be of benefit to these modern computing systems. In this paper, a polynomial-time test is presented that is known to be the first to handle nonpreemptive self-suspending task sets with hard deadlines, where each task has any number of self-suspensions. To construct the test, a novel priority scheduling policy is leveraged, the th subtask first, which restricts the behavior of the self-suspending model to provide an analytical basis for an informative schedulability test. In general, the problem of sequencing according to both upper-bound and lower-bound temporal constraints requires an idling scheduling policy and is known to be nondeterministic polynomial-time hard. However, the tightness of the schedulability test and scheduling algorithm are empirically validated, and it is shown that the processor is able to effectively use up to 95% of the self-suspension time to execute tasks.
Applications of electrical resistance tomography to subsurface environmental restoration (1994)

We are developing a new imaging technique, Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT), to map subsurface liquids as flow occurs during natural or clean-up processes and to map geologic structure. Natural processes (such as surface water infiltrating the vadose zone) and man-induced processes (such as tank leaks and clean-up processes such as steam injection), can create changes in a soil`s electrical properties that are readily measured. We have conducted laboratory and a variety of field experiments to investigate the capabilities and limitations of ERT for imaging underground structures and processes. In the last four years we have used ERT to successfully monitor several field processes including: a subsurface steam injection process (for VOC removal), an air injection process (below the water table) for VOC removal, water infiltration through the vadose zone, radio-frequency heating, ohmic heating, and tank and pond leaks. The information derived from ERT can be used by remediation projects to: detect and locate leaks, determine the effectiveness of clean-up processes, select appropriate clean-up alternatives, and to verify the installation and performance of subsurface barriers.
Flavivirus DNA Vaccines (2001)

A bstract : The use of DNA‐based vaccines is a novel and promising immunization approach for the development of flavivirus vaccines. This approach has been attempted in vaccine development for various virus species, including St. Louis encephalitis, Russian spring‐summer encephalitis, Central European encephalitis, dengue serotypes 1 and 2, Murray Valley encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. However, very little is known about the factors affecting its efficacy. Recently, we demonstrated that a single intramuscular immunization of DNA vaccine of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses protected mice and horses from virus challenge. Administration of these recombinant plasmid vectors resulted in endogenous expression and secretion of extracellular virus‐like particles that correlated well with the induction of protective immunity. These results provided evidence that the virus‐like particles composed of premembrane/membrane and envelope proteins are essential for eliciting immune responses similar to those induced by live, attenuated virus vaccines. The biosynthesis and protein processing of premembrane/membrane and envelope proteins that preserve the native conformation and glycosylation profiles identical to virion proteins could be determined by the effectiveness of the transmembrane signal sequence located at the amino‐terminus of premembrane protein. The use of DNA vaccines in multivalent and/or combination vaccines designed to immunize against multiple flaviviruses is also a promising area of development.
Tuning the Selectivity of Biodegradable Antimicrobial Cationic Polycarbonates by Exchanging the Counter‐Anion (2016)

There is a growing interest in modern healthcare to develop systems able to fight antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial cationic biodegradable polymers able to mimic antimicrobial peptides have shown to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In these systems, the hydrophilic-hydrophobic ratio and the cationic charge density play a pivotal role in defining the killing efficiency. Nevertheless, many of these antimicrobial polymers show relatively low selectivity as defined by the relative toxicity to mammalian cells or hemolysis relative to pathogens. In this study, a series of polycarbonates containing pendant quaternary ammoniums are used to understand the role of different counter-anions including chloride, citrate, malonate, benzoate, acetate, lactate and trifluoroacetate, and the antibiotic penicillin on antimicrobial efficacy and selectivity. Interestingly, it is found that in spite of the strong antimicrobial activity of trifluoroacetate and benzoate anions, they prove to be much less hemolytic than chloride anion. It is believed that the proper selection of the anion could enhance the potential of antimicrobial polymers to fight against clinically relevant pathogenic infections, while concurrently mitigating harmful side effects.
Inhibition of coke formation in pyrolysis furnaces (1995)

Coke formation in pyrolysis furnaces, which thermally convert hydrocarbons to ethylene as well as other useful products, adversely affects product yields, causes furnace down time for coke removal, and shortens furnace coil life. A phosphorus-based chemical treatment program was developed to inhibit the coke formation. The anticoking performance of the phosphorus-based treatment program was studied using a bench scale coking rate measurement apparatus. The programs`s influence on coke morphology and reactor surface was addressed using SEM/EDX surface characterization techniques. For comparison, similar studies were carried out with sulfur-containing species which are conventionally used in industrial practice as furnace additives. The present work demonstrated that the phosphorus-based treatment program provided an efficient and durable surface passivation against coke formation.
"Long-term" PMD characterization of installed fibers-how much time is adequate? (2004)

We performed long-term differential group delay (DGD) measurements on multiple installed fiber spans. Unexpectedly, the statistical distributions of these measurements deviate strongly from existing theory. We offer evidence that analysis of measurement statistics themselves can indicate their validity.
Transcranial acoustic imaging for real-time control of ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening using a clinical-scale prototype system (2017)

Multichannel beamforming of passively detected ultrasound (US)-stimulated acoustic emissions is a promising method for guiding cavitation-mediated therapies. In the context of brain applications, our group and others have previously demonstrated the use of conventional beamforming techniques to transcranially map cavitation activity during microbubble (MB)-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening. MB activity can be mapped at pressure levels below the BBB opening threshold, allowing target confirmation prior to therapy delivery. By including skull-specific phase and amplitude corrections in the reconstruction process, the aberrating effects of the cranial bone can be compensated for to improve image quality. Recently, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized multi-frequency, transmit/receive, sparse hemispherical phased arrays for MB-mediated brain therapy and simultaneous cavitation mapping [Deng et al., Phys. Med. Biol. 61, 8476-8501 (2016)]. This talk will review our progress to date in using these prototype systems to exploit the spatial information obtained from receive beamforming to actively modulate the therapeutic exposures during US-induced BBB opening, following our previously developed single-element internal calibration approach [O’Reilly & Hynynen, Radiology 263, 96-106 (2012)]. We anticipate that this technique will improve the safety and efficacy of MB-mediated BBB opening, as well as other future non-thermal US brain treatments such as cavitation-enhanced ablation, sonothrombolysis, and histotripsy.
Evaluation in Mice of the Immunogenicity of a Tetravalent Subunit Vaccine Candidate Against Dengue Virus Using Mucosal and Parenteral Immunization Routes (2017)

Our group has developed a subunit vaccine candidate against Dengue virus (DENV) based on two different viral regions, the domain III of the envelope protein and the capsid protein. The chimeric proteins for each serotype (DIIIC1-4), aggregated with the oligodeoxynucleotide 39 M, form the tetravalent formulation named Tetra DIIIC. Tetra DIIIC induces a protective immune response in mice when it is inoculated by intraperitoneal route. However, if children are the main targets for a DENV vaccine, then a needle-free route of administration should be attractive and advantageous. In this study, we evaluated for the first time, in vivo, a vaccine candidate against DENV based on recombinant proteins using the intranasal route. After three doses of Tetra DIIIC in mice, we measured the humoral immune response against the four DENV serotypes and the corresponding recombinant proteins. Moreover, the functionality of these antibodies was evaluated through a plaque reduction neutralization test. Finally, to assess the cellular immune response induced, we measured the IFN-γ-levels secreted by spleen cells after in vitro stimulation with DENV. The results presented in this study indicate that the intranasal immunization with Tetra DIIIC favors the generation of DENV-specific cell-mediated immunity. On the other hand, the immunization using intraperitoneal and intranasal routes, simultaneously, generate functional antibodies (anti-DIIIC and anti-DENV) and an in vitro response of IFN-γ secretion.
Equilibrium Study on the Disperse Dyeing of Polyester Textile in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2007)

The dyeing of polyester textile in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) was investigated experimentally. The influence of temperature and density of the scCO 2 on the process was studied in the ranges 85—125°C and 400—550 kg/m 3 . The dye saturation concentration in the polyester increased and the distribution coefficient decreased with temperature, the latter showing a logarithmic dependence on the reciprocal of temperature. Increasing the fluid density led to an increasing saturation concentration and a decreasing distribution coefficient. When the right temperature and solvent density were chosen for the supercritical process, the same dye concentration could be attained as in aqueous dyeing. It was found that the adsorption of the dye on the polyester followed Nernst adsorption, as is the case in aqueous dyeing. The experiments showed that the dyeing was exothermic, with a negative change of entropy. The thermodynamic characteristics of supercritical and aqueous dyeing were concluded to be roughly the same, with similar saturation concentrations, thermodynamic affinities and heats and entropies of dyeing.
The use of a non‐depleting anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody to re‐establish tolerance to β cells in NOD mice (1992)

The use of immunosuppressive drugs in the management of autoimmunity penalizes a large part of the immune system for the misdemeanors of a small minority of T cells. An ideal form of therapy would be one in which it were possible to render the immune system tolerant of the inciting antigens with minimal effects on other responses. We here show that it is possible to re-establish self tolerance in an animal model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without prior deletion of CD4+ T cells using a short course of therapy with a non-lytic monoclonal antibody to the CD4 adhesion receptor on T cells. This tolerance can be achieved even when diabetogenic cells are already in the pancreas. Primary responses to antigens given after therapy has ceased are normal and secondary responses to antigens seen prior to, but not during, the period of antibody therapy can remain unaffected. This suggests that intervention with selected CD4 antibodies may have significant advantages over and above that provided not only by conventional immunosuppression but also over that provided by a depleting antibody.
Vertical-actuated electrostatic comb drive with in situ capacitive position correction for application in phase shifting diffraction interferometry (2003)

This research utilizes the levitation effect of electrostatic comb fingers to design vertical-to-the-substrate actuation for optical phase shifting interferometry applications. For typical polysilicon comb drives with 2 μm gaps between the stationary and moving fingers, as well as between the microstructures and the substrate, the equilibrium position is nominally 1-2 μm above the stationary comb fingers. This distance is ideal for most phase shifting interferometric applications. A parallel plate capacitor between the suspended mass and the substrate provides in situ position sensing to control the vertical movement, providing a total feedback-controlled system. The travel range of the designed vertical microactuator is 1.2 μm. Since the levitation force is not linear to the input voltage, a lock-in amplifier capacitive sensing circuit combined with a digital signal processor enables a linearized travel trajectory with 1.5 nm position control accuracy. A completely packaged micro phase shifter is described in this paper. One application for this microactuator is to provide linear phase shifting in the phase shifting diffraction interferometer (PSDI) developed at LLNL which can perform optical metrology down to 2 /spl Aring/ accuracy.
Bolus Guide: A Novel Insulin Bolus Dosing Decision Support Tool Based on Selection of Carbohydrate Ranges (2010)

The bolus guide recommendation based on carbohydrate range selection is substantially similar to the calculator based on carbohydrate point estimation and appears to be highly accepted by type 1 diabetes insulin pump users.