gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of YBCO microbolometer performances with regionally thinned microbridges (2005)

Silicon nitride microbridges (50x50 mm<sup>2</sup>, 0.6 mm thick), suspended over a silicon substrate, were patterned and thinned. These patterns consist of 2 to 12 windows that were thinned to approximately 0.3 mm. Microbolometers were fabricated by sputtering a YBaCuO thin film over the bridges. The experimental results showed that the regionally thinned microbridges have a lower thermal time constants t (about 1.6 ms) than that of the standard pixel configuration (2.6 ms). On the other hand, the fact that the regionally thinned microbolometers having detectivity D* values comparable to or even six times superior than that of the standard pixel showed that the decrease in response time is not penalized by loss of detection performance. The simulation results also show that as the amount of material removed is increased, the thermal time constant drops significantly while the (τ/G)<sup>1/2</sup> ratio (where G is the thermal conductance of the pixel) only decreases slightly, suggesting that the reduced response time will not cause a significant drop in detectivity D*. The simulation results of mechanical integrity show that a specific regionally thinned microbridge design has 22 % higher stiffness than that of a standard pixel design with similar thermal properties. The fact that thick regions remained on the regionally thinned pixels (like the edges of the pixels) provide significant mechanical support to the microstructures. This confirms the validity of the regionally thinned microbridges approach.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 2, Figure 1 from Genes Associated with Prostate Cancer Are Differentially Expressed in African American and European American Men (2023)

<p>PDF file - 114K, Suppl Table 1 - List of the 517 genes whose expression was measured by DASL microarray analysis of RNA from FFPE specimens. Supplemental Table 2. Mean difference and t-test p-value between the computed DDCt from EAM minus the computed DDCt from AAM from the validation sample of 16 AAM and 16 EAM. Supplemental Figure 1. Plot of the first 2 principal components, computed from all 517 genes on 163 patient tumor samples (80 AAM, 83 EAM) with the corresponding matched normal samples.</p>
Lifelike talking faces for interactive services (2003)

Lifelike talking faces for interactive services are an exciting new modality for man-machine interactions. Recent developments in speech synthesis and computer animation enable the real-time synthesis of faces that look and behave like real people, opening opportunities to make interactions with computers more like face-to-face conversations. This paper focuses on the technologies for creating lifelike talking heads, illustrating the two main approaches: model-based animations and sample-based animations. The traditional model-based approach uses three-dimensional wire-frame models, which can be animated from high-level parameters such as muscle actions, lip postures, and facial expressions. The sample-based approach, on the other hand, concatenates segments of recorded videos, instead of trying to model the dynamics of the animations in detail. Recent advances in image analysis enable the creation of large databases of mouth and eye images, suited for sample-based animations. The sample-based approach tends to generate more naturally looking animations at the expense of a larger size and less flexibility than the model-based animations. Beside lip articulation, a talking head must show appropriate head movements, in order to appear natural. We illustrate how such "visual prosody" is analyzed and added to the animations. Finally, we present four applications where the use of face animation in interactive services results in engaging user interfaces and an increased level of trust between user and machine. Using an RTP-based protocol, face animation can be driven with only 800 bits/s in addition to the rate for transmitting audio.
Recent advances in theory and experiment of metamaterial-based high power radiation sources (2016)

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature such as reversed Cherenkov radiation (RCR). Currently, research in metamaterials is turning from theory to application exploration. The emerging metamaterials bring new developing opportunities in the conventional high power microwaves and vacuum electronics due to the exotic properties such as miniaturization, high power and high efficiency <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . In this talk, two kinds of new all-metal metamaterials are briefly introduced. Thus the novel slow-wave structures are proposed based on the metamaterials and metal waveguides operating the cut-off frequencies, which is quite different from the normal case <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2, 3</sup> . And then we have studied the high frequency characteristics such as dispersion, interaction impedance, and transmission and reflection properties through simulation and “cold” experiment. Finally, two metamaterials-based high power radiation sources with a sheet beam and a traditional pencil beam have been studied by PIC simulations, respectively. For the sheet beam device, the peak output power is 1.5 MW at 2.90 GHz and electronic efficiency is 12.5%. For the pencil beam device, the peak output power is 4 MW at 2.454 GHz and electronic efficiency is 31.5%. In the near future, the “hot” experiments will be done.
Leveraging interleaved signal edges for concurrent backscatter (2014)

One of the central challenges in backscatter is how to enable concurrent transmissions. Most backscatter protocols operate in a sequential TDMA-like manner due to the fact that most nodes cannot overhear each other's transmissions, which is detrimental for throughout and energy consumption. Recent efforts to separate concurrent signals by inverting a system of linear equations is also problematic due to varying channel coefficients caused by system and environmental dynamics. In this paper, we introduce BST, a novel physical layer for backscatter communication that enables concurrent transmission by leveraging intra-bit multiplexing of OOK signals from multiple tags. The key idea underlying BST is that the reader can sample at considerably higher rates than the tags, hence it can extract time-domain signal edges that result from interleaved transmissions of several tags. Our preliminary experiment results show that BST can achieve 5× the throughput of Buzz and 10× the throughput of TDMA-based solutions, such as EPC Gen 2.
Novel light gas gun with minimal timing jitter (1996)

We have designed a gas gun capable of delivering a projectile on target within a time window of 60 μs, and up to velocities of 182 m/s. The gun uses a prepressurized brass projectile held in place with a glass rod in compression. The glass rod is fractured at a precise time using an explosive detonator. Performance calculations were conducted using a simplified model, and the predictions compare favorably with experimental data.
Properties of a thermostable β‐galactosidase from a thermophilic <i>Bacillus</i>: Comparison of the enzyme activity of whole cells, purified enzyme and immobilised whole cells (1978)

Abstract The properties of a β‐galactosidase from a thermophilic Bacillus have been studied and compared with the properties of the enzyme contained in whole cells and in cells entrapped in a polyacrylamide gel matrix. The partially purified enzyme appears to be optimally active at a temperature of 60°C and pH 6.0. The enzyme activities from whole cells and immobilised whole cells have slightly different temperature optima (being 75 and 65°C respectively) and pH optima (being 6.2 and 6.6 respectively). The enzyme activity from whole cells is significantly more thermostable than that of the partially purified enzyme; the half‐lives being 125 and 22 min respectively at 70°C. In other properties studied, the enzyme activities of the three sources are similar. The thermostability of the enzyme and the broad pH range over which it is active makes this enzyme suitable for use in the dairy industry.
A High‐Energy‐Density Potassium Battery with a Polymer‐Gel Electrolyte and a Polyaniline Cathode (2018)

A safe, rechargeable potassium battery of high energy density and excellent cycling stability has been developed. The anion component of the electrolyte salt is inserted into a polyaniline cathode upon charging and extracted from it during discharging while the K<sup>+</sup> ion of the KPF<sub>6</sub> salt is plated/stripped on the potassium-metal anode. The use of a p-type polymer cathode increases the cell voltage. By replacing the organic-liquid electrolyte in a glass-fiber separator with a polymer-gel electrolyte of cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate), a dendrite-free potassium anode can be plated/stripped, and the electrode/electrolyte interface is stabilized. The potassium anode wets the polymer, and the cross-linked architecture provides small pores of adjustable sizes to stabilize a solid-electrolyte interphase formed at the anode/electrolyte interface. This alternative electrolyte/cathode strategy offers a promising new approach to low-cost potassium batteries for the stationary storage of electric power.
Milk Yield and Composition During Abomasal Infusion of Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Dairy Cows (1999)

Conjugated linoleic acids refer to a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bounds. Three supplements of conjugated linoleic acids which differed in isomer enrichment were infused into the abomasum of lactating dairy cows to determine postruminal effect on milk yield and composition. Four Holstein cows were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Treatments were 3-d abomasal infusion of 1) control, 5 kg of skim milk (carrier for conjugated linoleic acid supplements), 2) conjugated linoleic acid supplement 1 (28.8 g/d; 6.9 g of cis/trans 9,11; 6.4 g of cis/trans 8,10), 3) conjugated linoleic acid supplement 2 (48.5 g/d; 7.1 g of cis/trans 9,11; 4.1 g of cis/trans 8,10; 8.3 g of cis/trans 10,12; 5.5 g of cis/trans 11,13), and 4) conjugated linoleic acid supplement 3 (16.3 g/d; 7.1 g of cis/trans 9,11; 7.2 g of cis/trans 10,12). Infusions increased the conjugated linoleic acids content of milk fat from 0.43 g/100 g of fat for the control treatment to 1.02, 1.52, and 0.95 g/100 g of fat for conjugated linoleic acid supplements 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Apparent efficiency of transfer in milk fat was 25.2, 33.5, 21.0, and 28.4% for cis/trans 8,10, cis/trans 9,11, cis/trans 10,12, and cis/trans 11,13, respectively. Infusion of conjugated linoleic acids had no effect on dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk protein content. However, conjugated linoleic acid supplements reduced the content and yield of milk fat by 28 and 25%, respectively. The similarity of response for the different conjugated linoleic acid supplements did not allow us to identify the specific role of different isomers, but the changes in milk fatty acid composition indicated that effects were primarily on de novo fatty acid synthesis and the desaturation process.
Improving crowd-sourced Wi-Fi localization systems using Bluetooth beacons (2012)

Crowd-sourced Wi-Fi-based localization systems utilize user input for RF scene analysis and map construction. Such systems reduce the deployment cost and privacy concerns that expert-based site survey systems can create. However, the main bottleneck of such crowd-sourcing localization systems is a bootstrapping stage, where lack of contributions by users results in no accuracy guarantee and frequent unnecessary prompting for users' input, even for explored areas. In this paper, we propose a crowd-sourcing localization system that uses both Wi-Fi scene analysis and Bluetooth beacons to address the insufficient contribution challenge. After prompting for user input, the mobile device not only submits Wi-Fi fingerprint to a map server, but also enables Bluetooth beacons to disseminate/share its location and fingerprint information to quickly populate the signal map. Then, subsequent user devices entering the area can discover the Bluetooth beacons and are able to instantly obtain room-level location information without causing unnecessary prompting to users. We implement our proposed system in the Linux OS and evaluate the prototype extensively through both experiments and simulation. Our evaluation results show that using Bluetooth beacons help to improve signal map growth, while maintaining reasonable localization accuracy.
Fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor. [BWR] (1978)

Fuel assemblies forming the core of a nuclear reactor each include an open-ended tubular channel, upper and lower tie plates formed therein with a multitude of through holes and arranged in the vicinity of upper and lower ends of the tubular channel respectively, and elongated fuel elements located parallel to one another and extending between the upper and lower tie plates. The channel of each fuel assembly is formed in its walls with openings which are disposed below the upper tie plate and above the upper end edge of the fuel of each fuel element.
Science and technology of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films for multifunctional devices (2000)

MEMS devices are currently fabricated primarily in silicon because of the available surface machining technology. However, Si has poor mechanical and tribological properties, and practical MEMS devices are currently limited primarily to applications involving only bending and flexural motion, such as cantilever accelerometers and vibration sensors. However, because of the poor flexural strength and fracture toughness of Si, and the tendency of Si to adhere to hydrophyllic surfaces, even these simple devices have limited dynamic range. Future MEMS applications that involve significant rolling or sliding contact will require the use of new materials with significantly improved mechanical and tribological properties, and the ability to perform well in harsh environments. Diamond is a superhard material of high mechanical strength, exceptional chemical inertness, and outstanding thermal stability. The brittle fracture strength is 23 times that of Si, and the projected wear life of diamond MEMS moving mechanical assemblies (MEMS-MMAs) is 10,000 times greater than that of Si MMAs. However, as the hardest known material, diamond is notoriously difficult to fabricate. Conventional CVD thin film deposition methods offer an approach to the fabrication of ultra-small diamond structures, but the films have large grain size, high internal stress, poor intergranular adhesion, and very rough surfaces, and are consequently ill-suited for MEMS-MMA applications. A thin film deposition process has been developed that produces phase-pure nanocrystalline diamond with morphological and mechanical properties that are ideally suited for MEMS applications in general, and MMA use in particular. The authors have developed lithographic techniques for the fabrication of diamond microstructure including cantilevers and multi-level devices, acting as precursors to micro-bearings and gears, making nanocrystalline diamond a promising material for the development of high performance MEMS devices.
E-17<i>α</i>-(2-[<sup>125</sup>I]IODOVINYL)-19-NORTESTOSTERONE: THE SYNTHESIS OF A GAMMA-EMITTING LIGAND FOR THE PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR. (1985)

We have synthesized a gamma-emitting steroid, E-17 alpha-(2-[125I]iodovinyl)-19-nortestosterone (E-IVNT), which is a useful ligand for the sensitive and accurate assay of the progesterone receptor. The synthetic scheme is rapid and is performed with readily available materials. This compound, [125I]E-IVNT, is stable and binds with high affinity to the progesterone receptor.
Algorithmic Formulation for Network Resilience Enhancement by Optimal DER Hosting and Placement (2022)

This paper proposes an algorithmic formulation for optimal PV hosting and placement of distributed energy resources (DER) for network resiliency enhancement. The algorithm incorporates a unique critical infrastructure (CI) ranking scheme to prioritize the CI nodes for the DER placement while ensuring maximum hosting of the DER. The proposed multi-objective non linear programming formulation is validated on an IEEE 34 bus feeder with different outage scenarios caused by a hurricane event. The simulation has produced 18 Pareto Optimal Solutions showing several options of optimally locating the DERs in order to achieve a maximum DER hosting capacity, improve system’s resiliency and minimize the system’s active power loss while satisfying all network and power flow constraints. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithmic formulation which distribution planners and designers can apply directly to multitude of their network substations to improve the overall system’s resiliency through grid-scale situation awareness.
Analysis of TEDA on ASC-Whetlerite Charcoal (1987)

In the course of research and development on charcoal, chemical impregnants were incorporated onto charcoal surfaces to afford better protection against some chemical warfare (CW) agents. The use of copper, chromium, and silver as charcoal impregnants (the 'ASC' in ASC-whetlerite) originated in 1942 (1) and is still regarded as the best available multi-purpose adsorbent for military air filters. However, recent studies on the health hazards of tri- and hexavalent chromium (2) have demonstrated that they are both cancer-inducing agents. Although the absorption of chromium (VI) by the lungs after inhaling charcoal dust from testing a military canister containing ASC-whetlerite is not sufficient to cause any harm (2), it is desirable that the percentage of chromium (VI) in ASC-whetlerite be reduced, if not completely removed. In support of this increased interest in TEDA impregnated charcoal it has become apparent that there is a need for an accurate analytical method which allows accurate TEDA determinations. This technical note describes a method which achieves this goal.
High density data storage based on the atomic force microscope (2002)

The atomic force microscope (AFM), with its ability to image and modify surfaces on the nanometer scale, offers the potential for simple, compact, high-density data-storage devices.At the heart of the technique is a microfabricated cantilever with a sharp tip on the end.Using modern micromachining techniques, it is possible to batch fabricate cantilevers with tips that are sharp on the scale of 100 Å.We have pursued a particular AFM storage scheme based on mechanical readback of topographic data using highfrequency, piezoresistive silicon cantilevers.Areal densities of 65 Gbit/in 2 have been demonstrated, with readback rates greater than 10 Mbit/s.Nanoreplication techniques have been used to produce read-only disks.In addition, a write-once scheme was developed that uses integrated heating elements on the cantilevers in order to perform thermomechanical writing on a polymer substrate.Considerable progress has been made in addressing critical issues such as data rate, reliability, and practical implementation, but significant challenges still remain, both in the technology and in finding the most suitable applications.
A biologically inspired silicon differential microphone with active Q control and optical sensing (2013)

A MEMS differential microphone is described in which the diaphragm design is inspired by the mechanics of directional hearing in the fly Ormia ochracea. The 1 mm by 3 mm diaphragm is designed to rotate about a central pivot in response to sound pressure gradients. The diaphragm is designed to have its dominant resonance mode within the audible frequency range and to have as little viscous damping as possible (to minimize the effects of thermal noise). The motion of the diaphragm is detected using an optical sensing scheme that includes a semiconductor laser (VCSEL), photodetectors, a mirror, and a diffraction grating. To minimize the adverse effects of the light damping on the response, an active feedback system is implemented to achieve active Q control. This uses the output of the optical detection scheme to drive the diaphragm through a capacitive actuator. The microphone and optoelectronics are packaged into an assembly that can be incorporated into a mock behind-the-ear hearing aid. The microphone is shown to achieve a noise floor that is approximately 17 dBA lower than what can be achieved using a pair of existing low noise hearing aid microphones to create a directional hearing aid.
1A2-D05 Tactile Bio-feedback based Locomotion Rehabilitation Assisting System : 10^<th> report: Proposal of Perception-Empathy Wearable Device(Rehabilitation Robotics and Mechatronics (2)) (2013)

This paper proposes a new perception empathy wearable device. Therapist and patient wear the same biofeedback device to share paralyzed-side foot contact of the patient on the back. It allows the therapist to detect abnormal contact state by patient at the early stage, then leading to enable patient to gradually acquire the training way with appropriate body motion. Preliminary testing confirms that the proposed design allows a therapist to attach the perception-empathy wearable device to a hemiparetic patient within 90 sec, which indicates clinical acceptability.
Production of aluminium-26 (1991)

This patent describes a method of producing Al-26 from potassium chloride by exposing to a proton beam in order to break potassium and chlorine atoms into smaller pieces, which include Al-26. The Al-26 is isolated from the potassium chloride and other substances produced by the beam by means of extraction and ion exchange.
SPoT (2001)

Sentence planning is a set of inter-related but distinct tasks, one of which is sentence scoping, i.e. the choice of syntactic structure for elementary speech acts and the decision of how to combine them into one or more sentences. In this paper, we present SPoT, a sentence planner, and a new methodology for automatically training SPoT on the basis of feedback provided by human judges. We reconceptualize the task into two distinct phases. First, a very simple, randomized sentence-plan-generator (SPG) generates a potentially large list of possible sentence plans for a given text-plan input. Second, the sentence-plan-ranker (SPR) ranks the list of output sentence plans, and then selects the top-ranked plan. The SPR uses ranking rules automatically learned from training data. We show that the trained SPR learns to select a sentence plan whose rating on average is only 5% worse than the top human-ranked sentence plan.