gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Compression Made Simple: Edgebreaker on a Corner-Table (2001)

Edgebreaker is a simple technique for compressing 3D triangle meshes. We introduce here a new formulation, which leads to a simple implementation. We describe it in terms of a data structure, the Corner Table, which represents the connectivity of any manifold triangle mesh as two table of integers. For meshes that are homeomorphic to a sphere, Edgebreaker encodes these two tables with less than 2 bits per triangle. It compresses vertex locations using a parallelogram predictor. Entropy encoding reduces this cost in practice to less than a bit per triangle when the mesh is large. The detailed compression and decompression algorithms fit on a page. Through minor modifications, the Edgebreaker algorithm has been adapted to manifold meshes with holes and handles, to nontriangle meshes, and to non-manifold meshes. A Corner-Table implementation of these extensions will be described elsewhere.
Predictive Maintenance for Supermarket Refrigeration Systems Using Only Case Temperature Data (2018)

We present a machine-learning based approach for early detection of issues emerging in refrigeration and cold-storage systems that has the following desirable features: 1) Minimal sensor dependencies: only requires temperature readings and defrost state from the refrigeration cases 2) high precision, and 3) high generalizability of the learnt model. We achieve this by casting the time-series prediction problem as a classification problem, wherein we craft a set of features that capture key time-series characteristics specific to defrost and operating regimes. Our feature extraction employs seasonality-trend decomposition and pattern learning using dynamic time warping and clustering. The extracted features are used to learn a random forest-based binary classifier that can indicate the presence or absence of an issue in any given refrigeration case at any given time. We validate our approach on real data from 2265 refrigeration cases from several large supermarkets. The approach achieves a precision of 89%, lead time of approximately seven days, and a recall of 46% when evaluated on unseen cases.
Scalable video multicast in multi-carrier wireless data systems (2009)

Future 4G cellular networks are featured with high data rate and improved coverage, which will enable realtime video multicast and broadcast services. Scalable video coding is very appropriate for wireless multicast service because it allows to choose different modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for different video layers and can provide good video quality to users in good channel conditions while still maintaining reasonable video quality for other users. In order to apply scalable video coding to wireless multicast streaming, it is important to choose appropriate MCS for each video layer and to determine the right resource allocation among multiple video sessions. In this paper we propose a two-step dynamic programming algorithm that finds the optimal total system utility of all users where the system utility can be a generic non-negative, non-decreasing function of received rate. Our algorithm supports variable layer size and thus allows flexibility during the video encoding process. Simulation results show that our algorithm offers significant improvement on the video quality over a naive algorithm and an adapted greedy algorithm, especially in the scenarios with multiple real video sequences and limited radio resources.
Phase Separation Micromolding—PSμM (2003)

Microstructures from a broad spectrum of materials , ranging from polymers to ceramics and metals, can be fabricated by phase separation micromolding (PSμM), a generic microfabrication technique. PSμM offers the possibility to introduce porosity; the process benefits from intrinsic shrinkage, which facilitates the fabrication of completely open microstructures (see Figure), and also promotes defect‐free release of the microstructure.
Industrial Home Laundry Closed Loop Cleaning Process (2007)

Abstract This study presents a method to develop an efficient and economical system for cleaning home laundry on a commercial scale with both water and chemical (detergent) reuse. The experiments were done using an industrial‐type horizontal‐axis machine, two leading consumer heavy‐duty liquid laundry detergents, one I&I detergent formulation, and chlorine bleach. The technical feasibility of reusing laundry water at high levels without significant deterioration in detergency was established in this study. Warm water (40 °C) was used in the wash cycle, and cold water (29 °C) was used for three rinse cycles. In the integrated process, waters from wash and rinse steps were treated using tubular microfiltration units with 0.1 μm pore size to remove particles and emulsion droplets. These recovered waters were recycled to be reused. In addition, water recycled from the wash step contains surfactants that can be reused. In order to simulate a large‐scale industrial laundry operation at steady‐state, the batch process used here was operated six times in sequence; wash and rinse waters were filtered after each cycle and reused in the next wash cycle. The surfactant recovery is over 40%. Soiled test strips were used to measure the percentage of soil removal after the wash/filtration sequence for stains and various liquid or particulate soils. The soil removal remained practically constant under simulated steady‐state conditions even with water recoveries of nearly 90%. Softness of towels remained unchanged when recycled water was used in this process. Chlorine carry‐over from white laundry to the wash process was shown to be minimal. This is important to avoid color fading in mixed loads upon reuse since water is not segregated for colored laundry versus white laundry. Hardness ions can precipitate fatty acids which reduce flux during filtration and decrease surfactant recovery. Preliminary analysis of the different formulations used indicates that an all‐nonionic formulation may be best suited to this recycling process.
Methods for designing low-leakage power supply clamps (2003)

Low power semiconductor components require minimizing leakage currents including those from ESD protection circuits. Here, MOSFET ESD power clamps with substantial leakage reduction over previous approaches are presented. Designs are described for core logic circuits and for I/O applications where supply voltages exceed what single gate oxides can reliably sustain.
A methodology and system for preserving digital data (2002)

This paper refers to a previous proposal made at the 1st Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, on a novel approach to the problem of the long-term archiving of digital data. It reports on ongoing work in refining the methodology and building an initial prototype. The method is based on the use of a Universal Virtual Computer (UVC) to specify the process that needs to be applied to the archived data in order to make it understandable for a future client. There is a certain amount of information (a Convention) that must be preserved for an indefinite time, to make sure that the client will be able to recover the information. A first version of this Convention is given here; it includes the architecture of the UVC. The paper also briefly mentions our current activities in implementation and evaluation.
ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF <font>SiO</font><sub>2</sub> USING CATALYZED AND UNCATALYZED SELF-LIMITING SURFACE REACTIONS (1999)

SiO 2 thin films were deposited with atomic layer control using self-limiting surface reactions. The SiO 2 growth was achieved by separating the binary reaction SiCl 4 + 2H 2 O → SiO 2 + 4HCl into two half-reactions. Successive application of the half-reactions in an ABAB… sequence produced atomic-layer-controlled SiO 2 deposition. SiO 2 films were grown at temperatures of 600–800 K, with SiCl 4 and H 2 O reactant exposures of ~10 9 L ( 1 L = 10 -6 Torr s). Employing pyridine ( C 5 H 5 N ) as a catalyst, the SiO 2 films could be deposited at much lower temperatures and reactant exposures. The pyridine catalyst lowered the required SiO 2 deposition temperature from 600 K to 300 K and reduced the reactant exposure required for complete reactions from ~10 9 L to ~ 10 4 L. In addition, the SiO 2 growth rates increased from 0.75 Å per AB cycle at 800 K to 2.1 Aring; per AB cycle at 300 K. The deposited films were stoichiometric SiO 2 and were extremely flat, with a roughness nearly identical to the initial substrate surface. The films also displayed dielectric breakdown strengths similar to thermally deposited SiO 2 films. The ability to deposit conformal SiO 2 thin films with atomic layer control over a wide range of temperatures should find numerous applications in thin film device fabrication.
A Doppler radar for continuous remote measurement of river ice velocity (1996)

River ice velocity measurements are fundamental to analyses of river ice dynamics. Ice velocity measurement with a continuous-wave Doppler radar system having real-time data acquisition and digital signal processing capability was evaluated during a river breakup and a frazil run on the Connecticut River. This system can be rapidly deployed, requires minimal operator interaction, will continuously acquire, process, store, and display ice velocity data, and does not depend on visibility conditions. In parallel, video records of ice motion were obtained at the same location for later manual processing and comparison with the radar results. We describe the Doppler radar system and obtain bounding estimates of possible measurement errors. The principal error in Doppler ice velocity measurement is due to the beam width of the radar antenna, and an analytical method is developed to minimize this error. Measured ice velocities ranged from 1 to 2.5 m/s during the river breakup, and from 0.5 to 0.65 m/s in the frazil run. Quantitative comparisons between the radar and video results show fundamental agreement between these measurement methods, and demonstrate that Doppler radar is an effective, efficient, and precise tool for obtaining river ice velocities over the full range of possible ice and velocity conditions. Key words: Doppler radar, river ice velocity, velocity measurement, error analysis, river breakup, frazil run.
Functional Interactions between Heterologously Expressed Starch-Branching Enzymes of Maize and the Glycogen Synthases of Brewer's Yeast (2002)

Starch-branching enzymes (SBEs) catalyze the formation of alpha(1-->6) glycoside bonds in glucan polymers, thus, affecting the structure of amylopectin and starch granules. Two distinct classes of SBE are generally conserved in higher plants, although the specific role(s) of each isoform in determination of starch structure is not clearly understood. This study used a heterologous in vivo system to isolate the function of each of the three known SBE isoforms of maize (Zea mays) away from the other plant enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis. The ascomycete Brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was employed as the host species. All possible combinations of maize SBEs were expressed in the absence of the endogenous glucan-branching enzyme. Each maize SBE was functional in yeast cells, although SBEI had a significant effect only if SBEIIa and SBEIIb also were present. SBEI by itself did not support glucan accumulation, whereas SBEIIa and SBEIIb both functioned along with the native glycogen synthases (GSs) to produce significant quantities of alpha-glucan polymers. SBEIIa was phenotypically dominant to SBEIIb in terms of glucan structure. The specific branching enzyme present had a significant effect on the molecular weight of the product. From these data we suggest that SBEs and GSs work in a cyclically interdependent fashion, such that SBE action is needed for optimal GS activity; and GS, in turn, influences the further effects of SBE. Also, SBEIIa and SBEIIb appear to act before SBEI during polymer assembly in this heterologous system.
MULTIPLE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS IN TANDEM ON SOLID-PHASE SUPPORTS FOR SMALL AND LARGE SCALE SYNTHESIS (2001)

Multiple oligonucleotides linked end-to-end in tandem can be synthesized by adding a nucleoside to the 5'-OH end of a prior sequence. Nucleosides with 3'-succinyl or Q-Linker arms are coupled with HBTU/DMAP. Alternatively, new phosphoramidite reagents with 3'-ester linkages can be used. Hydroxyl or amino supports can also be used as universal starting materials. Treatment with NH4OH cleaves the 3'-ester to yield only 3'-OH groups and no unwanted 3'-phosphorylated products occur.
Cinema 3D (2016)

While 3D movies are gaining popularity, viewers in a 3D cinema still need to wear cumbersome glasses in order to enjoy them. Automultiscopic displays provide a better alternative to the display of 3D content, as they present multiple angular images of the same scene without the need for special eyewear. However, automultiscopic displays cannot be directly implemented in a wide cinema setting due to variants of two main problems: (i) The range of angles at which the screen is observed in a large cinema is usually very wide, and there is an unavoidable tradeoff between the range of angular images supported by the display and its spatial or angular resolutions. (ii) Parallax is usually observed only when a viewer is positioned at a limited range of distances from the screen. This work proposes a new display concept, which supports automultiscopic content in a wide cinema setting. It builds on the typical structure of cinemas, such as the fixed seat positions and the fact that different rows are located on a slope at different heights. Rather than attempting to display many angular images spanning the full range of viewing angles in a wide cinema, our design only displays the narrow angular range observed within the limited width of a single seat. The same narrow range content is then replicated to all rows and seats in the cinema. To achieve this, it uses an optical construction based on two sets of parallax barriers, or lenslets, placed in front of a standard screen. This paper derives the geometry of such a display, analyzes its limitations, and demonstrates a proof-of-concept prototype.
Imidazoline Receptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells<sup>fn1</sup> (1995)

We sought to determine if smooth muscle and endothelial cells of blood vessels express imidazoline receptors. Membranes of cultured smooth muscle cells specifically bind with high affinity to alpha 2-adrenergic ligands, [3H]p-aminoclonidine, [3H]rauwolscine, and [3H]idazoxan. All of [3H]rauwolscine and [3H]p-aminoclonidine but less than 10% of [3H]idazoxan binding was displaced by 10 microM epinephrine, indicating a nonadrenergic binding site for [3H]idazoxan. [3H]Idazoxan binding was inhibited with a rank order of potency: cirazoline > idazoxan > naphazoline >> guanabenz > amiloride > clonidine = phentolamine. Agmatine, an endogenous ligand for I-receptors, inhibited binding with a Ki of 240 +/- 25 nM. The binding of [3H]idazoxan to membranes of pulmonary artery endothelial cells was to both alpha 2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptors. Cultured smooth muscle cells, as well as rat carotid arterioles, were specifically immunostained by antibodies to an I-receptor-associated protein. We conclude that vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells express not only alpha 2-adrenergic receptors but also I-receptors of the I2 subclass with high affinity for agmatine. Since serum contains an endogenous ligand for I-receptors, possibly agmatine, the results suggest the presence of a novel receptor mechanism on vascular smooth muscle which may regulate vascular tone.
A new HDL mimetic peptide that stimulates cellular cholesterol efflux with high efficiency greatly reduces atherosclerosis in mice (2010)

Here, we report the creation of a single-helix peptide (ATI-5261) that stimulates cellular cholesterol efflux with K(m) molar efficiency approximating native apolipoproteins. Anti-atherosclerosis activity of ATI-5261 was evaluated in LDLR(-/-) and apolipoprotein (apo)E(-/-) mice approximately 5-7 months of age, following 13-18 weeks on a high-fat Western diet (HFWD). Treatment of fat-fed LDLR(-/-) mice with daily intraperitoneal injections of ATI-5261 (30 mg/kg) for 6 weeks reduced atherosclerosis by 30%, as judged by lesion area covering the aorta (7.9 +/- 2 vs.11.3 +/- 2.5% control, P = 0.011) and lipid-content of aortic sinus plaque (25 +/- 5.8 vs. 33 +/- 4.9% control, P = 0.014). In apoE(-/-) mice, the peptide administered 30 mg/kg ip on alternate days for 6 weeks reduced atherosclerosis by approximately 45% (lesion area = 15 +/- 7 vs. 25 +/- 8% control, P = 0.00016; plaque lipid-content = 20 +/- 6 vs. 32 +/- 8% control, P < 0.0001). Similar reductions in atherosclerosis were achieved using ATI-5261:POPC complexes. Single intraperitoneal injection of ATI-5261 increased reverse cholesterol transport from macrophage foam-cells to feces over 24-48 h. In summary, relatively short-term treatment of mice with the potent cholesterol efflux peptide ATI-5261 reduced substantial atherosclerosis. This was achieved using an L-amino acid peptide, in the presence of severe hypercholesterolemia/HFWD, and did not require daily injections or formulation with phospholipids when administered via intraperitoneal injection.
A Pivoting Elliptical Training System for Improving Pivoting Neuromuscular Control and Rehabilitating Musculoskeletal Injuries (2013)

Knee injuries often occur in pivoting activities but most existing training and rehabilitation devices mainly involve sagittal movements. A pivoting elliptical training system (PETS) was developed to train and evaluate neuromuscular control in pivoting for the purposes of prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries. The PETS have capabilities of controlling two footplates individually or simultaneously through servomotor control so that the footplates behave like two torsional springs with adjustable offset and stiffness, slippery surface, or under external perturbations. Feasibility of the PETS in improving pivoting neuromuscular control and pivoting neuromechanical properties was demonstrated through experiments on healthy subjects, with reduced pivoting instability and reaction time, and improved proprioceptive acuity following training. The PETS can potentially be used as a therapeutic and research tool to investigate mechanisms underlying pivoting-related injuries and train human subjects for improving neuromuscular control during risky pivoting activities.
Power modeling and architecture evaluation for FPGA with novel circuits for Vdd programmability (2005)

Vdd-programmable FPGAs have been proposed recently to reduce FPGA power, where Vdd levels can be customized for different circuit elements and unused circuit elements can be power-gated. In this paper, we first develop an accurate FPGA power model and then design novel Vdd-programmable interconnect switches with minimum number of configuration SRAM cells. Applying our power model to placed and routed benchmark circuits, we evaluate Vdd-programmable FPGA architecture using the new switches. The best architecture in our study uses Vdd-programmable logic blocks and Vdd-gateable interconnects. Compared to the baseline architecture similar to the leading commercial architecture, the best architecture reduces the minimal energy-delay product by 44.14% with 48% area overhead and 3% SRAM cell increase. Our evaluation results also show that LUT size 4 always gives the lowest energy consumption while LUT size 7 always leads to the highest performance for all evaluated architectures.
An event-synchronization protocol for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks (2004)

We present a new conservative event-synchronization protocol, a time-based synchronization, for parallel discrete-event simulation of mobile ad hoc wireless networks. Simulators that use our protocol proceed at a scaled version of real time and send messages that correspond only to transmissions in the simulated network. We show that such simulators can maintain a constant execution time even as the sizes of the networks that they simulate grow. Moreover, we show that these simulators, when executed on a custom parallel architecture, are capable of simulating many networks faster than real time.
Autoantibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis recognize dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase and inhibit enzyme function. (1988)

Autoantibodies against mitochondria occur in the sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with characteristic reactivity to an inner membrane protein of approximately 74 kDa. To precisely define these autoantigens, we recently cloned and sequenced a rat liver cDNA (pRMIT) that encodes for all of the epitopes recognized by Ig to the 74-kDa autoantigen. In the present study we have used this recombinant probe as a tool, in addition to purified enzymes, to demonstrate by immunoblotting that the 74-kDa mitochondrial autoantigen is dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.12), the core protein of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Furthermore, and of particular interest, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme activity was demonstrated after incubation with sera from patients with PBC but not from normal volunteers or patients with chronic active hepatitis. Such inhibition was abrogated by absorption of the PBC sera with an expressing subclone of pRMIT, designated pRMIT-603. Identification of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase as the target of autoimmunity in PBC provides a reagent that can be used to determine mechanisms by which this molecule is recognized. It will allow study of whether autoimmune reactivity, at the humoral or T cell level, is the basis for the pathogenesis of PBC. Additionally, such data present evidence of functional inhibition of a critical metabolic enzyme. Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase is well-known to mitochondrial biochemistry and, similar to identified autoantigens in other autoimmune diseases, is highly conserved in evolution.
Hochaktive Rutheniumkatalysatoren für die Olefinmetathese: die Synergie N-heterocyclischer Carbene und koordinativ labiler Liganden (1999)

Zwei N-heterocyclische Carbenliganden auf einmal sind vielleicht einer zuviel, zumindest wenn man hochaktive Rutheniumkatalysatoren für die Olefinmetathese haben möchte. Dichtefunktionalrechnungen empfehlen den Austausch des zweiten Carbenliganden in den erfolgreichen ROMP-Katalysatoren 1 durch koordinativ labilere Liganden wie in 2 oder 3. In beiden Fällen erreicht man eine deutliche Steigerung der katalytischen Aktivität.
Oscillating dual‐equilibrium steady‐state angiography (2002)

A novel technique of generating noncontrast angiograms is presented. This method, called oscillating dual-equilibrium steady-state angiography (ODESSA), utilizes a modified steady-state free precession (SSFP) pulse sequence. The SSFP sequence is modified such that flowing material reaches a steady state which oscillates between two equilibrium values, while stationary material attains a single, nonoscillatory steady state. Subtraction of adjacent echoes results in large, uniform signal from all flowing spins and zero signal from stationary spins. Venous signal can be suppressed based on its reduced T2. ODESSA arterial signal is more than three times larger than that of traditional phase-contrast angiography (PCA) in the same scan time, and also compares favorably with other techniques of MR angiography (MRA). Pulse sequences are implemented in 2D, 3D, and volumetric-projection modes. Angiograms of the lower leg, generated in as few as 5 s, show high arterial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and full suppression of other tissues.