gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxyapatite-reinforced<i>in situ</i>forming PLGA systems for intraosseous injection (2014)

In situ forming poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants have not been strongly considered for bone applications because of their poor mechanical properties. Here, in situ forming scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite micro- and nanoparticles were characterized to determine their mechanical properties, injectability, and microarchitecture. Scaffolds were prepared with various concentrations of hydroxyapatite, as well as poly(β-amino ester) microparticles that facilitate drug delivery. Strength was increased threefold, from 2 to 6 MPa, while compressive modulus was improved sixfold, from 24 to 141 MPa, via the addition of 30% nanohydroxyapatite, which provided greater benefits at equivalent concentrations compared to micro-hydroxyapatite. Scaffolds retained a uniformly porous microarchitecture, and hydroxyapatite particles were distributed evenly throughout the PLGA phase. Injectability, determined by the force required to inject 0.5 mL of material within 60 s, remained clinically acceptable at <50 N at 30% w/w hydroxyapatite and up to 10% w/w PBAE microparticles. Ex vivo injections into intact porcine femoral heads increased compressive modulus of trabecular bone from 81 to 180 MPa and strength from 3.5 to 5.9 MPa. This injectable scaffold offers mechanical reinforcement coupled with previously demonstrated drug delivery potential in a single injection for bone-weakening conditions, such as osteonecrosis or osteoporosis.
Interactions between Dendrimers and Charged Probe Molecules. 1. Theoretical Methods for Simulating Proton and Metal Ion Binding to Symmetric Polydentate Ligands (2002)

Binding of protons and metal ions to dendrimers is investigated using a multishell model, in which concentric binding sites are approximated by continuous and uniformly charged shells. The electrostatic interactions among the shells are assumed to be the sole source of site-to-site interactions, and an analytical formula for the total interaction energy, which includes Coulomb screening from mobile electrolyte ions, has been derived. The formula permits numerical simulation of proton and metal-ion binding equilibria using two computational methods. The first method is a statistical approach in which the partition function is simplified by a mean-field approximation. The second method is derived by considering ion binding as a surface adsorption problem, and the resulting binding isotherm is a Frumkin isotherm. In most cases, the two methods give nearly the same results, but the isotherm method requires much less computation time. Proton binding as a function of pH for an individual shell follows a trend very similar to that for the overall averaged binding. Selective protonation of alternating shells, as observed for a previously described Ising model, is not observed in this study; instead, proton binding becomes increasingly weak as one moves from an outer shell toward the center of the dendrimer.
Detection of brushless exciter rotating diodes failures by spectral analysis of main output voltage (2013)

Rotating rectifier is a basic part of synchronous generators. Inappropriate operation of this component can prove costly for the machine's owner. This paper presents theoretical analysis and experimental validation for detecting failure of brushless exciter rotating diodes that can fail either open circuit or short circuit. Harmonic analysis of the alternator output voltage waveform is performed when machine is unloaded as well as when it runs around its rated load. Apparition of characteristic frequencies can be useful to distinguish the rotating diodes state. By considering the relative amplitudes at specific harmonics, it is possible to discriminate short circuit diode failure case from open circuit diode breakdown.
Attenuation of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Improvement of Survival in Recipients of Steatotic Rat Livers Using CD47 Monoclonal Antibody (2016)

We conclude that administration of CD47mAb400 to donor grafts may reduce IRI through CD47 blockade to result in improved function of steatotic liver allografts and increased survival of recipients and represent a novel strategy to allow the use of livers with higher levels of steatosis.
Frusemide attenuates the exercise‐induced rise in pulmonary capillary blood pressure in horses (1994)

Catheter mounted micro-tip-manometers (the signals from which were matched with fluid-filled pressure signals from same cardiovascular sites and zeroed at the point of the shoulder), were used to study pulmonary haemodynamics in 8 healthy sound horses at rest and during exercise performed at 8, 10, 12 and 14 m/s on a treadmill. Measurements were made without frusemide (control) and 4 h after iv administration of 250 mg frusemide. Post-frusemide data were also obtained on a separate day, and these observations were not significantly different from those made on the same day as controls. Pre-frusemide values of heart rate, mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure and mean pulmonary capillary pressure at 14 m/s were 214 +/- 5 beats/min, 54 +/- 4, 92 +/- 4, 65 +/- 6 and 79 +/- 5 mmHg, respectively. Exercise at 14 m/s after frusemide resulted in a similar heart rate (216 +/- 4 beats/min), but the mean right atrial, pulmonary arterial, pulmonary artery wedge and pulmonary capillary pressures were all significantly lower, i.e. 34 +/- 5, 79 +/- 4, 45 +/- 4, and 62 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively. Attenuation, by frusemide, of the exercise-induced rise in pulmonary capillary pressure would lower the magnitude of the transmural force exerted on the pulmonary capillaries. If, therefore, exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is caused by stress failure of pulmonary capillaries, frusemide pretreatment has the potential for reducing/limiting the extent of EIPH.
Myoclonic-astatic epilepsy. (1992)

Myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (MAE) belongs to the group of epilepsies with primarily generalized seizures as absence epilepsies, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, as well as infantile and juvenile idiopathic epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Like these types of epilepsy, MAE is polygenically determined with little non-genetic variability. The disease is characterized by the following criteria: genetic predisposition (high incidence of seizures and/or genetic EEG patterns in relatives); mostly normal development and no neurological deficits before onset; primarily generalized myoclonic, astatic or myoclonic-astatic seizures, short absences and mostly generalized tonic-clonic seizures; no tonic seizures or tonic drop attacks during daytime (except for some rare cases with a most unfavourable course); generalized EEG patterns (spikes and waves, photosensitivity, 4-7/sec rhythms), no multifocal EEG abnormalities (but often pseudofoci). There is a partial overlap with other 'syndromes', such as benign and severe myoclonic epilepsy in infants (Dravet et al., 1985a, b), myoclonic epilepsy of infancy and early childhood (Aicardi and others). In differential diagnosis the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in its stricter sense has to be considered, and also atypical benign partial epilepsy or pseudo-Lennox syndrome. Discussion is presented of possible pitfalls in the classical syndromic approach to classifying epilepsies of early childhood, and of the advantages of a neurobiological view for understanding the immense variability of clinical manifestations of epilepsy.
Randomness in DNA Encoded Library Selection Data Can Be Modeled for More Reliable Enrichment Calculation (2018)

DNA Encoded Libraries (DELs) use unique DNA sequences to tag each chemical warhead within a library mixture to enable deconvolution following affinity selection against a target protein. With next-generation sequencing, millions to billions of sequences can be read and counted to report binding events. This unprecedented capability has enabled researchers to synthesize and analyze numerically large chemical libraries. Despite the common perception that each library member undergoes a miniaturized affinity assay, selections with higher complexity libraries often produce results that are difficult to rank order. In this study, we aimed to understand the robustness of DEL selection by examining the sequencing readouts of warheads and chemotype families among a large number of experimentally repeated selections. The results revealed that (1) the output of DEL selection is intrinsically noisy but can be reliably modeled by the Poisson distribution, and (2) Poisson noise is the dominating noise at low copy counts and can be estimated even from a single experiment. We also discuss the shortcomings of data analyses based on directly using copy counts and their linear transformations, and propose a framework that incorporates proper normalization and confidence interval calculation to help researchers better understand DEL data.
Electric field interactions and aggregation dynamics of ferroelectric nanoparticles in isotropic fluid suspensions (2011)

Stressed ferroelectric nanoparticles have been shown to yield unconventional properties that may open the doors to a variety of new fundamental studies and applications. For many of these new areas understanding particle-to-particle interactions will be a requirement. In this paper, the dynamics of aggregation of stressed ferroelectric nanoparticles as small as 9 nm in diameter are investigated in a nonpolar (isotropic) fluid, with the concentration of nanoparticles varying by four orders of magnitude. We also investigate the dependence on the separation distance between nanoparticles and how the field interactions between nanoparticles results in single species (i.e. dipoles) and higher-order aggregates. A theoretical model that accounts for three types of nanoparticles species, based on the Fokker--Planck equation, describes the experimental results. Prior published claims of increased aggregation with concentration and decreased aggregation with large ac fields are verified. Dipole moments for different sizes and concentrations of nanoparticles are determined; techniques to obtain an estimation of dipole moments, when the exact size and shape are unknown, are presented.
Self-piercing riveting-a review (2017)

Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a cold mechanical joining process used to join two or more sheets of materials by driving a rivet piercing through the top sheet or the top and middle sheets and subsequently lock into the bottom sheet under the guidance of a suitable die. SPR is currently the main joining method for aluminium and mixed-material lightweight automotive structures. SPR was originated half century ago, but it only had significant progress in the last 25 years due to the requirement of joining lightweight materials, such as aluminium alloy structures, aluminium-steel structures and other mixed-material structures, from the automotive industry. Compared with other conventional joining methods, SPR has many advantages including no pre-drilled holes required, no fume, no spark and low noise, no surface treatment required, ability to join multi-layer materials and mixed materials and ability to produce joints with high static and fatigue strengths. In this paper, research investigations that have been conducted on self-piercing riveting will be extensively reviewed. The current state and development of SPR process is reviewed and the influence of the key process parameters on joint quality is discussed. The mechanical properties of SPR joints, the corrosion behaviour of SPR joints, the distortion of SPR joints and the simulation of SPR process and joint performance are reviewed. Developing reliable simulation methods for SPR process and joint performance to reduce the need of physical testing has been identified as one of the main challenges.
La lévitation optique de sphères (1979)

In this article, we are dealing with optical levitation, that is the possibility of maintaining particles in a stable equilibrium position in air or vacuum by means of laser beams.In the first part...
Studies on the mechanism of amine‐catalyzed cyclic oligomeric carbonate formation (1992)

Abstract A mechanism for the selective formation of cyclic oligomeric carbonates via triethylamine‐catalyzed, pseudo‐high dilution hydrolysis/‐condensation of bisphenol A‐bischloroformate is proposed. The mechanism is based on results of model and cyclization reactions using amines of various structure. Intermediacy of an acyl ammonium salt is invoked for both hydrolysis and condensation reactions. An oligomeric carbonate with a phenoxide on one end and an acyl ammonium salt on the other end is proposed as the immediate precursor to a cyclic oligomer.
Creativity and the Educational System (2010)

In this paper, I explore the question of whether creativity can be an aim of national educational systems. While the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche famously argued against this possibility, the American philosopher John Dewey believed that schools and educational systems could be restructured to foster the development of creativity of the young. Here I argue that certain structural features central to the efficient and effective functioning of educational systems strongly inhibit the fostering of creative persons. Though individual schools may indeed aim at creativity, the more that they are embedded within the surrounding educational system makes them less likely to achieve that aim.
A Bimetallic Lanthanide Metal–Organic Material as a Self‐Calibrating Color‐Gradient Luminescent Sensor (2015)

A new bimetallic lanthanide metal-organic framework [Eu0.5 Tb1.5 (FDA)3 ] (H2 FDA = 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid) exhibits high-sensitivity luminescent sensing of mixtures of organic compounds and can work over a large range of volume ratios. The self-calibrating behavior of this color-gradient luminescent sensor is presented for the first time.
Large-scale cytological profiling for functional analysis of bioactive compounds (2013)

Cytological profiling (CP) is an unbiased image-based screening technique that uses automated microscopy and image analysis to profile compounds based on numerous quantifiable phenotypic features. We used CP to evaluate a library of nearly 500 compounds with documented mechanisms of action (MOAs) spanning a wide range of biological pathways. We developed informatics techniques for generating dosage-independent phenotypic "fingerprints" for each compound, and for quantifying the likelihood that a compound's CP fingerprint corresponds to its annotated MOA. We identified groups of features that distinguish classes with closely related phenotypes, such as microtubule poisons vs. HSP90 inhibitors, and DNA synthesis vs. proteasome inhibitors. We tested several cases in which cytological profiles indicated novel mechanisms, including a tyrphostin kinase inhibitor involved in mitochondrial uncoupling, novel microtubule poisons, and a nominal PPAR-gamma ligand that acts as a proteasome inhibitor, using independent biochemical assays to confirm the MOAs predicted by the CP signatures. We also applied maximal-information statistics to identify correlations between cytological features and kinase inhibitory activities by combining the CP fingerprints of 24 kinase inhibitors with published data on their specificities against a diverse panel of kinases. The resulting analysis suggests a strategy for probing the biological functions of specific kinases by compiling cytological data from inhibitors of varying specificities.
Multi-Party Replicated Secret Sharing over a Ring with Applications to Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning (2023)

Secure multi-party computation has seen significant performance advances and increasing use in recent years. Techniques based on secret sharing offer attractive performance and are a popular choice for privacy-preserving machine learning applications. Traditional techniques operate over a field, while designing equivalent techniques for a ring Z_2^k can boost performance. In this work, we develop a suite of multi-party protocols for a ring in the honest majority setting starting from elementary operations to more complex with the goal of supporting general-purpose computation. We demonstrate that our techniques are substantially faster than their field-based equivalents when instantiated with a different number of parties and perform on par with or better than state-of-the-art techniques with designs customized for a fixed number of parties. We evaluate our techniques on machine learning applications and show that they offer attractive performance.
Long-term immunogenicity and safety of tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in healthy populations in Singapore and Vietnam: 4-year follow-up of randomized, controlled, phase II trials (2019)

Dengue is prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region. Participants of two immunogenicity and safety phase II studies conducted in Singapore and Vietnam (NCT0088089 and NCT00875524, respectively) were followed for up to four years after third vaccine dose of a recombinant, live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV). Participants (2-45 years) received three doses of CYD-TDV or control at 0, 6, and 12 months. Dengue plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT<sub>50</sub>) antibody titers were measured in both studies. Cytokine-producing antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were quantified to assess cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in Singapore. <i>Post-hoc</i> analyses were carried out for participants aged <9 and ≥9 years old. Related and fatal serious adverse events (SAEs) were collected during long-term follow-up. Of participants who received ≥1 CYD-TDV injection in Singapore (n = 1198) and Vietnam (n = 180), 87% and 92% participants completed long-term follow-up, respectively. At four years, geometric mean titers (GMTs) in participants who received CYD-TDV ranged from 30.2 1/dil (95% CI 23.9-38.3) to 73.7 (49.3-110) 1/dil in Vietnam and 9.73 1/dil (95% CI 8.28-11.4) to 21.8 (18.9-25.1) 1/dil in Singapore. Interferon and interleukin-13 levels were lower at four years than one year post-vaccination but were still present. Tumor necrosis factor-<b>α</b> levels at four years were similar to those after the third vaccine dose. Seropositivity rates were higher at year four in participants who were seropositive vs. seronegative at baseline in both studies. No safety concerns were identified. CYD-TDV demonstrated long-term immunogenicity and was well-tolerated for four years after the third vaccine dose.
Requirements from and for migration (1988)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988Requirements from and for migrationAuthors: Rodney W. CalvertRodney W. CalvertShell E&P Lab, Netherlandshttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892284 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892284FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1988 Pages: 1359 publication data© 1988 Copyright © 1988 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Rodney W. Calvert, (1988), "Requirements from and for migration," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 655-656. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892284 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Aphid Acquisition and Cellular Transport of <i>Potato leafroll virus</i>-like Particles Lacking P5 Readthrough Protein (2000)

ABSTRACT Lepidopteran cells (Spodoptera frugiperda) produced isometric virus-like particles (VLP) when infected with a recombinant baculovirus Ac61 that contained the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) coat protein gene modified with an N-terminal histidine tag (P3-6H). Cells infected with AcFL, a recombinant baculovirus that expressed cDNA copies of the PLRV genome RNA, did not produce virus-like particles (VLP). In cell lines doubly infected with Ac61 and AcFL, VLP were formed that contained PLRV-RNA packaged in P3-6H coat protein (FL). Both the P3-6H and the FL particles were morphologically indistinguishable from particles of PLRV despite the fact that they lacked the P5 readthrough protein present in wild-type PLRV. When aphids (Myzus persicae) were fed on, or injected with, purified PLRV, or VLP of either type (FL or P3-6H) and examined by electron microscopy, no differences were observed among treatments for particle endocytosis, transcellular transport, or exocytosis at the aphid midgut or accessory salivary glands. Particles were observed in the salivary canals and in the salivary duct leading out of the aphid. These results suggest that P5 readthrough protein of PLRV may not be essential for cellular transport of virus through aphid vectors.
Interference Competition Among Larval African Clawed Frogs,<i>Xenopus laevis</i>, Necessitates Removal of Bottom Debris to Promote Growth (1998)

ABSTRACT Survival and growth of larva! African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, are reported under two experimental environments. Ten aquaria (37.9 L) were used, with five replicates each of two experimental environments (bottom debris intact and bottom debris removed by siphoning). Forty-five newly hatched larvae were placed in each aquarium and fed ad libitum. When a few larvae developed front legs, the experiment was terminated. Larvae were sacrificed, freeze-dried, and individually weighed (nearest 0.1 mg). Survival was not significantly different among cohorts (P> 0.10), but larval weights were significantly different (P<0.00001). Larvae from aquaria with their bottom debris removed (mean = 34.5 mg) were nearly four times heavier than larvae from aquaria with their bottom debris intact (mean = 8.8 mg). This suggests that bottom debris, and/or aquarium water, contained factors that retarded growth. To promote maximum larval growth and reduce interference competition, bottom debris must be periodically removed and siphoned water replaced with fresh, aged water.
Learning Versatile Filters for Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

This paper introduces versatile filters to construct efficient convolutional neural network. Considering the demands of efficient deep learning techniques running on cost-effective hardware, a number of methods have been developed to learn compact neural networks. Most of these works aim to slim down filters in different ways, e.g., investigating small, sparse or binarized filters. In contrast, we treat filters from an additive perspective. A series of secondary filters can be derived from a primary filter. These secondary filters all inherit in the primary filter without occupying more storage, but once been unfolded in computation they could significantly enhance the capability of the filter by integrating information extracted from different receptive fields. Besides spatial versatile filters, we additionally investigate versatile filters from the channel perspective. The new techniques are general to upgrade filters in existing CNNs. Experimental results on benchmark datasets and neural networks demonstrate that CNNs constructed with our versatile filters are able to achieve comparable accuracy as that of original filters, but require less memory and FLOPs.
Beating abuse (2006)

Thelma Agnew reports on recent initiatives designed to raise awareness of, and tackle, a shocking reality
Global epidemiology of drug resistance after failure of WHO recommended first-line regimens for adult HIV-1 infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study (2016)

The Wellcome Trust.