gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing a New Alcohol‐Free Hand Sanitizer to Combat Infection (1998)

Universal precautions require that perioperative health care personnel wash their hand before and after all patient contact. Time constraints, however, can make adhering to universal precautions, including proper hand washing, difficult. Some perioperative health care workers, therefore, routinely use rise-free hand sanitizers to supplement normal hand washing. This study evaluated immediate and persistent antimicrobial effectiveness of two alcohol--containing hand sanitizers and a novel surfactant, allantoin, benzalkonium chloride (SAB) hand sanitizer using a federally approved effectiveness protocol. Results indicate that all three products were equally effective after a single application. After repeated use, the alcohol-containing sanitizers did not meet federal performance standards, and the alcohol-free sanitizer did. These properties and others illustrated in this article indicate that the nonflammable, alcohol-free SAB hand sanitizer is the most favorable of the rise-free hand sanitizer formulas for normal hand washing.
PROBLEMATIZACIONES, PROBLEMAS REPRESENTADOS Y GUBERNAMENTALIDAD. UNA PROPUESTA ANALÍTICA PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS Y EL ESTADO (2019)

Presentamos un método de análisis sobre políticas públicas recuperando la centralidad que Michel Foucault dio al estudio de las problematizaciones. Afirmamos que el lugar privilegiado del pensamiento y la vía de acceso para su estudio mediante las problematizaciones aporta al estudio de las políticas públicas una novedad, puesto que es una alternativa a los análisis que han privilegiado el foco en aspectos constantes que sobredeterminan su funcionamiento o aquellos que puntualizan las disputas entre actores, intereses y rostros humanos. Para sostener esta afirmación, haremos un repaso por los modos en que se ha abordado al Estado y su acción desde las Ciencias Sociales en Argentina, para luego avanzar con la noción de problematización gubernamental y problemas representados en cuestión de la politóloga canadiense-australiana Carol Bacchi.
A Simple Route to .alpha.-Substituted-.beta.-Amino Ester Precursors of Carbapenem Antibiotics (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Simple Route to .alpha.-Substituted-.beta.-Amino Ester Precursors of Carbapenem AntibioticsPatrick Perlmutter and Mark TaboneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 20, 6515–6522Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00125a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00125a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views908Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza A Virus. XI. Transfer of ts Lesions in the Hong Kong/68-ts-l [A] Virus to the Influenza A/Udorn/72 Wild Type (1976)

The presence of the temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions of complementation-recombination groups 1 and 5 in the Hong Kong/68-ts-1[A] virus was confirmed by genetic analysis of ts recombinants of the Hong Kong/68-ts-1[A] virus and a Udorn/72 wild-type virus. Three classes of Udorn/72-ts recombinants were found. One class possessed both ts genes of the Hong Kong/68-ts-1[A] parent, a second class possessed the ts lesion characteristic of group 1, and a third class possessed the ts lesion of group 5. The Hong Kong/68-ts-1[A] parent and the Udorn/72-ts recombinants exhibited a 10,000-fold or greater restriction of replication in the lungs of hamsters than did the homologous wild-type virus. All isolates from the lungs and nasal turbinates of recipients of two of the four Udorn/72-ts-1[A] recombinants contained only ts virus. These two properties, restricted replication and genetic stability after replication in vivo, suggest that the Udorn/72-ts-1[A] recombinants should be considered for evaluation as vaccines for use in humans.
A Q-learning based approach to interference avoidance in self-organized femtocell networks (2010)

The femtocell concept is an emerging technology for deploying the next generation of the wireless networks, aiming at indoor coverage enhancement, increasing capacity, and offloading the overlay macrocell traffic. Nevertheless, the detrimental factor in such networks is co-channel interference between macrocells and femtocells, as well as among neighboring femtocells. This in turn can dramatically decrease the overall capacity of the network. In addition, due to their non-coordinated nature, femtocells need to self-organize in a distributed manner not to cause interference on the macrocell, while at the same time managing interference among neighboring femtocells. This paper proposes and analyzes a Reinforcement-Learning (RL) framework where a macrocell network is underlaid with femtocells sharing the same spectrum. A distributed Q-learning algorithm is proposed in which each Femto Base Station/Access Point (FBS/FAP) gradually learns (by interacting with its local environment) through trials and errors, and adapt the channel selection strategy until reaching convergence. The proposed Q-learning algorithm is cast into high level and low level subproblems, in which the former finds in a decentralized way the channel allocation through Q-learning, while the latter computes the optimal power allocation. Investigations show that through learning, femtocells are not only able to self-organize with only local information, but also mitigate their interference towards the macrocell network.
The Pataphysician's Library (2000)

Abstract This book is a study of aspects of 1890s French literature, with specific reference to the traditions of Symbolism and Decadence. Its main focus is Alfred Jarry, who has proved, perhaps surprisingly, to be one of the more durable fin–de–siècle authors. The originality of this study lies in its use of the enigmatic list of books termed the livres pairs, which appears in Jarry's 1898 novel Gestes et Opinions du docteur Faustroll, pataphysicien, his best–known prose work. The greatest interest of the livres pairs lies in a group of works by Jarry's friends and contemporaries, primarily Leon Bloy, Georges Darien, Gustave Kahn, Catulle Mendes, Josephin Madan, Rachilde, and Henri de Regnier. Several of these authors feature as the lords of islands visited by the pataphysician Dr Faustroll in his curious voyage around Paris. In conjunction with Jarry's own works, the contemporary livres pairs serve to illustrate the vibrant and experimental atmosphere in which these authors worked.
Observation of inverse spin Hall effect in bismuth selenide (2014)

Bismuth Selenide $({\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3})$ is a topological insulator exhibiting helical spin polarization and strong spin-orbit coupling. The spin-orbit coupling links the charge current to spin current via the spin Hall effect (SHE). We demonstrate a ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ spin detector by injecting the pure spin current from a magnetic permalloy layer to a ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ thin film and detect the inverse SHE in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$. The spin Hall angle of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ is found to be 0.0093 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.0013 and the spin diffusion length in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ to be 6.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.15 nm at room temperature. Our results suggest that topological insulators with strong spin-orbit coupling can be used in functional spintronic devices.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Low-Risk Patients (1983)

Two patients who contracted acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) could not be included in any of the known high-risk groups for this syndrome (ie, they were not homosexual, intravenous [IV] drug abusers, Haitian, or hemophiliacs). Patient 1, however, had regular sexual contact with her husband, an IV drug abuser who is asymptomatic despite a severe T-cell defect (T-helper cells, 33/cu mm; T-helper/T-suppressor ratio, 0.32; and a depressed lymphoproliferative response to mitogens and antigens). We hypothesize that he may be an asymptomatic carrier of an AIDS agent that he transmitted to his wife through intimate heterosexual contact. This mode of sexual transmission may provide a vector for the spread of AIDS to low-risk populations.
Characterization of a Lhcb5 cDNA from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) (1994)

Despite extensive studies on the LHC proteins of PSI and PSII (for review, see Jansson, 1994), the detailed polypeptide composition of LHC I and LHC I1 has not been understood until recently. The nature of the Lhcb5 gene product has been one of the major uncertainties, since it has been identified both as the CP26 (or the equivalent complex LHCIIc) polypeptide and one of two CP29 polypeptides (Jansson et al., 1992; Morishige and Thomber, 1992). Lhcb5 genes have previously been characterized from tomato (Pichersky et al., 1991) and barley (Sorensen et al., 1992); here we present the characterization of a Lhcb5 cDNA clone from the gymnosperm Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) (Table I). Using a tomato Lhcb5 cDNA (Pichersky et al., 1991) as probe, we isolated partia1 Lhcb5 cDNAs, which subsequently were used to find a full-length cDNA, encoding a precursor Lhcb5 protein of 302 amino aads. The transit peptide cleavage site is not known for this protein due to N-terminal blockage of the mature polypeptide (Pichersky et al., 1991). A tentative cleavage site after Se?', which would give rise to a mature protein with a molecular mass of 27.1 kD, has recently been suggested (Jansson, 1994). Southem blotting showed that Lhcb5 is a single-copy gene in Scots pine, named Lhcb5.1, according to Jansson et al. (1992). We also investigated the light regulation of the Scots pine Lhca and Lhcb genes by transferring dark-grown Scots pine seedlings to light and measuring the N subsequent light treatment did not result in further induction. We found a general correspondence between Chl synthesis and expression of the Lhca and Lhcb genes, similar to what Canovas et al. (1993) reported for Pinus palustris seedlings. In conifers Chl synthesis, rather than light per se, seems to be a major determinant for LhcalLhcb gene regulation.
FRAXA and FRAXE: the results of a five year survey (2000)

We report the results of a five year survey of FRAXA and FRAXE mutations among boys aged 5 to 18 with special educational needs (SEN) related to learning disability. We tested their mothers using the X chromosome not transmitted to the son as a control chromosome, and the X chromosome inherited by the son to provide information on stability of transmission. We tested 3738 boys and 2968 mothers and found 20 FRAXA and one FRAXE full mutations among the boys and none among the mothers. This gives an estimated prevalence of full mutations in males of 1 in 5530 for FRAXA and 1 in 23 423 for FRAXE. We found an excess of intermediate and premutation alleles for both FRAXA and FRAXE. For FRAXA this was significant at the 0.001 level but the excess for FRAXE was significant only at the 0.03 level. We conclude that the excess of intermediate and premutation sized alleles for FRAXA may well be a contributing factor to the boys' mental impairment, while that for FRAXE may be a chance finding. We studied approximately 3000 transmissions from mother to son and found five instabilities of FRAXA in the common or intermediate range and three instabilities of FRAXE in the intermediate range. Thus instabilities in trinucleotide repeat size for FRAXA and FRAXE are rare, especially among alleles in the common size range.
Incoherent structured illumination improves optical sectioning and contrast in multiphoton super-resolution microscopy (2015)

Three-dimensional super-resolution imaging in thick, semi-transparent biological specimens is hindered by light scattering, which increases background and degrades both contrast and optical sectioning. We describe a simple method that mitigates these issues, improving image quality in our recently developed two-photon instant structured illumination microscope without requiring any hardware modifications to the instrument. By exciting the specimen with three laterally-structured, phase-shifted illumination patterns and post-processing the resulting images, we digitally remove both scattered and out-of-focus emissions that would otherwise contaminate our raw data. We demonstrate the improved performance of our approach in biological samples, including pollen grains, primary mouse aortic endothelial cells cultured in a three-dimensional collagen matrix and live tumor-like cell spheroids.
Incorporation of Slow Off-Rate Modified Aptamers Reagents in Single Molecule Array Assays for Cytokine Detection with Ultrahigh Sensitivity (2016)

Slow off-rate modified aptamers (SOMAmers) are attractive protein recognition reagents due to their high binding affinities, stable chemical structures, easy production, and established selection process. Here, biotinylated SOMAmer reagents were incorporated into single molecule array (Simoa)-based assays in place of traditional detection antibodies for six cytokine targets. Optimization and validation were conducted for TNF-α as a demonstration using a capture antibody/detection-SOMAmer detection scheme to highlight the performance of this approach. The optimized assay has a broad dynamic range (>4 log10 units) and an ultralow detection limit of 0.67 fM (0.012 pg/mL). These results show comparable sensitivity to our antibody pair-based Simoa assays, and tens to thousands-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared with conventional ELISAs. High recovery percentages were observed in a spike-recovery test using human sera, demonstrating the feasibility of this novel Simoa assay in detecting TNF-α in clinically relevant samples. Detection SOMAmers were also used to detect other cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, in human samples. Although not yet demonstrated, in principle it should be possible to eventually replace both the capture and detector antibodies with corresponding SOMAmer pairs in sandwich immunoassays. The combination of the ultrasensitive Simoa platform with the higher reliability of SOMAmer binding reagents will greatly benefit both biomarker discovery and disease diagnostic fields.
Clinical and socioeconomic correlates of insomnia. (2004)

Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep (sleep onset disturbance), difficulty staying asleep (sleep maintenance disturbance), or poor quality (nonrestorative) sleep, leading to impairment of next-day functioning, including psychological distress. Published prevalence estimates of insomnia vary considerably, very likely due to differences in definitions, study setting, and data collection methods. However, estimates based on large population-based surveys provide a rather constant prevalence rate for chronic insomnia in the United States of about 10% (approximately 25 million people). Chronic insomnia is associated with numerous physical and psychiatric conditions and is more common in women and the elderly. Although it is often perceived as a symptom of depression, insomnia is also a precursor of depression and is associated with a substantial increase in the relative risk of major depression. Chronic insomnia is correlated with impaired mood, subjective functioning, and quality of life and, in some cases, with increased daytime sleepiness and accident risk. Those reporting insomnia have higher rates of absenteeism and health care utilization. Direct costs of insomnia have been estimated to be $13.9 billion annually, with a large majority of costs attributable to nursing home care. Chronic insomnia is a common problem, often associated with negative waking mood or function. As such, heightened clinical attention and clinical research appear warranted.
CGRP monoclonal antibody for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: An update of meta‐analysis (2019)

CGRP mAb is an effective and safety preventive treatment for chronic migraine.
Ion Transporters in Brain Tumors (2015)

Ion transporters are important in regulation of ionic homeostasis, cell volume, and cellular signal transduction under physiological conditions. They have recently emerged as important players in cancer progression. In this review, we discussed two important ion transporter proteins, sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC-1) and sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1) in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other malignant tumors. NKCC-1 is a Na(+)- dependent Cl(-) transporter that mediates the movement of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) ions across the plasma membrane and maintains cell volume and intracellular K(+) and Cl(-) homeostasis. NHE-1 is a ubiquitously expressed cell membrane protein which regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) and extracellular pH (pH(e)) homeostasis and cell volume. Here, we summarized recent pre-clinical experimental studies on NKCC-1 and NHE-1 in GBM and other malignant tumors, such as breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung cancer cells. These studies illustrated that pharmacological inhibition or down-regulation of these ion transporter proteins reduces proliferation, increases apoptosis, and suppresses migration and invasion of cancer cells. These new findings reveal the potentials of these ion transporters as new targets for cancer diagnosis and/or treatment.
Frequency selective surface as a polarisation transformer (2002)

The polarisation transformation properties of frequency selective surfaces are reported. Examples of microstrip structures which transform polarisation from linear to circular are described. A relatively broadband polarisation transformer can be designed for a limited range of angles of incidence. Alternatively, a polariser for a wide range of angles of incidence can be designed to operate over a narrow frequency band. A polariser that can be electronically switched is also characterised. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the waveguide simulator technique are used to analyse the reflection of a plane wave from these periodic structures.
Synthesis and aqueous solution behavior of water-soluble polyurethane (IPDI-PPG-DMPA) resin (2000)

Two types of polyurethane (PU) resins were synthesized by polyaddition of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly (propylene glycols: PPG-750 and PPG-2000), and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA). Chemical structure of PU was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR analysis. The PU resins were found to be water-dispersible or soluble by neutralization of carboxylic acid groups in DMPA. Aggregate formation behavior of the PU and solubilizing ability for hydrophobic probe (pyrene) were investigated at 100% neutralization. Average aggregate sizes of the PU resins measured by photon correlation spectroscopy showed large values (ca. 25–120 nm). The aggregate sizes were strongly affected by the concentration of the resin and total ionic strength in the aqueous phase. The PU resins showed superior solubilizing ability for pyrene in comparison with that of conventional short chain surfactant. Additionally, critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the PU resins obtained from pyrene fluorescence method showed extremely low values (< 10–3 mol/dm3 water) and their aggregate numbers were 7.2 and 6.6 for PUR-750 and PUR-2000, respectively.
Raman, photoluminescence and absorption studies on high quality AlN single crystals (2005)

High quality AlN single crystals grown by physical vapour transport and by sublimation of AlN powder were investigated by Raman, photoluminescence (PL) and absorption spectroscopy. Absorption edges of the AlN single crystals varying from 4.1 eV to 5.9 eV as determined by transmission measurements. Near band edge absorption, PL and glow discharge mass spectroscopy identified impurities such as oxygen, silicon, carbon, and boron that contribute to the absorption and emission bands below the bandgap. The absorption coefficients were derived from UV (6 eV) to FIR (60 meV) spectral range. The exact crystal orientation of the samples, and their low carrier density were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bacterial Racemization of<i>α</i>-Amino-<i>ε</i>-caprolactam (1977)

1. Several bacteria were isolated from soil which grew on both d- and l-aminolactam and whose cells had an activity to racemize them. They were identified as Achromobacter obae nov. sp., Achr. cycloclastes, Alcaligenes faecalis and Flavobacterium arborescens. 2. Racemization of d- and l-aminolactam was investigated using the lyophilized cells of Achr. obae nov. sp. The optimum pH value of the reaction was about 8.0. The racemizing activity was completely inhibited by 10−4 m hydroxylamine, and the inhibition was removed by 10−4 m pyridoxal phosphate. Five percent d- and l-aminolactam solutions were completely racemized with a concomitant slight formation of l-lysine.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Inhibitors of Influenza Sialidases Related to Zanamivir. Heterocyclic Replacements of the Glycerol Side‐Chain. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee on Agricultural Robotics and Automation [TC Spotlight] (2013)

The IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee (TC) on Agricultural Robotics and Automation was launched in 2012 with the goal of bringing together researchers and practitioners, academic and industrial, in an informal setting to increase knowledge dissemination in the field. The goal for 2013 is to hold at least eight Webinars and for 2014 to hold one every month. The TC members are rewriting the Handbook of Robotics chapter on Agricultural and Forestry Robotics and wrote an invited chapter on Agricultural Robotics on an SAE book on autonomous vehicles. Beyond endowing machines and vehicles with higher levels of intelligence, two long-term challenges, such as humanlike manipulation of crops and harvesting robots, must be addressed before R&A makes a full incursion into agriculture. Membership in the TC is open to all interested in contributing to the exciting field of agricultural robotics and automation.