gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Application of SNP-arrays in hematological malignancies - review]. (2009)

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is a DNA sequence variation caused by the mutation at the level of genomic nucleotides. It has been reported as the third generation of genetic markers. The SNP-arrays, based on the principle of SNP, plays an important role in disease research mainly for genomic detection of predisposing genes. As a convenient, confident, sensitive and efficient technique, SNP arrays could be applicable for the multiple-point interaction analysis of candidate genes, making it a promising and powerful method for DNA analysis. Hematological malignancies consist of various categories and their incidence is rising significantly. A multiple-point gene interaction has been reported as the essential pathogenetic mechanism of these diseases. This review illustrates the process of SNP-arrays in genome-wide assay and the application of this technique to the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, therapeutic response and the prognosis of the hematological malignancies, including leukemia, malignant lymphoma, juvenile myelo-monocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma and so on.
Hydrogen passivation of polycrystalline silicon thin films (2012)

The influence of post-hydrogenation on the electrical and optical properties of solid phase crystallized polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) was examined. The passivation of grain-boundary defects was measured as a function of the passivation time. The silicon dangling-bond concentration decreases with increasing passivation time due to the formation of Si-H complexes. In addition, large H-stabilized platelet-like clusters are generated. The influence of H on the electrical properties was investigated using temperature dependent conductivity and Hall-effect measurements. For poly-Si on Corning glass, the dark conductivity decreases upon hydrogenation, while it increases when the samples are fabricated on silicon-nitride covered Borofloat glass. Hall-effect measurements reveal that for poly-Si on Corning glass the hole concentration and the mobility decrease upon post-hydrogenation, while a pronounced increase is observed for poly-Si on silicon-nitride covered Borofloat glass. This indicates the formation of localized states in the band gap, which is supported by sub band-gap absorption measurments. The results are discussed in terms of hydrogen-induced defect passivation and generation mechanisms.
Particle mixtures in magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) (2006)

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are state-of-the-art elastomagnetic composites comprised of magnetic particles embedded in an elastomer matrix. MREs offer enormous flexibility given that elastomers are easily molded, provide good durability, exhibit hyperelastic behavior, and can be tailored to provide desired mechanical and thermal characteristics. MRE composites combine the capabilities of traditional magnetostrictive materials with the properties of elastomers, creating a novel material capable of both highly responsive sensing and controlled actuation in real-time. This work investigates the response of MRE materials comprised of varying mixtures of 40 and 10 micron iron particles. Samples are tested in compression yielding a compressive modulus and measure of the shear stiffness <i>via</i> Mooney plots. Samples are also tested using a tunable vibration absorber (TVA) designed specifically for this experiment. The TVA loads the samples in oscillatory shear (10-100Hz) under the influence of a magnetic field. In all samples, results show increases in the material's stiffness under the application of a magnetic field as evidenced by the frequency response function of the TVA system. Increases in stiffness of 50% at 0.15T were achieved with samples containing 30%-40 micron particles and 30%-40micron + 2%-10 micron particles. This yields a ratio of over 300%/T. The two-particle MRE appeared not to have reached saturation suggesting further stiffness enhancement was possible beyond the saturated single-particle 40 micron sample. However, this may be a result of the larger iron content. Results also suggest variation in the behavior of two-versus single-particle MRE behavior as evidenced by the shear modulus found in compression, but results are inconclusive. MRE materials made with nanoparticles of hard magnetic barium ferrite show stiffness increases of 70%/T which is comparable to MREs having larger iron particles.
Mutations at Pro67in the RecA Protein P-loop Motif Differentially Modify Coprotease Function and Separate Coprotease from Recombination Activities (1995)

The functional significance of residues in the RecA protein P-loop motif was assessed by analyzing 100 unique mutants with single amino acid substitutions in this region. Comparison of the effects on the LexA coprotease and recombination activities shows that Pro67 is unique among these residues because only at this position did we find substitutions that caused differential effects on these functions. One mutant, Pro67-->Trp, displays high constitutive coprotease activity and a moderate inhibitory effect on recombination functions. Glu and Asp substitutions result in low level constitutive coprotease activity but dramatically reduce recombination activity. The purified Pro67-->Trp protein shows a completely relaxed specificity for NTP cofactors in LexA cleavage assays and can use shorter length oligonucleotides as cofactors for cleavage of lambda cI repressor than can wild type RecA. Interestingly, both the mutant protein and wild type RecA can use very short oligonucleotides, e.g. (dA)6 and (dT)6, as cofactors for LexA cleavage. We have also found two mutations at position 67, which are completely defective for LexA coprotease activity in vivo but still maintain recombinational DNA repair (Pro67-->Lys) and homologous recombination (Pro67-->Lys and Pro67-->Arg) activities. These findings show that the recombination activities of RecA are mutationally separable from the coprotease function and that Pro67 is located in a functionally important position in the RecA structure.
Managing the Currency Risk of Non-Dollar Portfolios (1991)

With the availability of currency hedging instruments-including futures, forwards and options contracts-foreign exchange risk can be isolated from the price risk of the investment evaluated in its home (non-dollar) currency. Managers can thus choose to regulate their currency exposure as conditions dictate. At one extreme, they may choose to maintain their exchange exposure intact; at the other, they may eliminate it entirely.
Shaping Thiophene Oligomers into Fluorescent Nanobeads Forming Two-Dimensionally Patterned Assemblies by the Capillary Effect (2005)

We demonstrate that highly stable fluorescent nanobeads can be obtained by emulsion copolymerization of oligothiophene methyl methacrylates and styrene and that deposition on a planar surface by microfluidic lithography induces the spontaneous nanobead self-assembling. The average nanobead diameter was controlled in the submicron scale by varying the amount of surfactant used in the polymerization reaction. Photoluminescence and pump−probe experiments proved that the nanobeads had retained the optical signature of the oligothiophenes, yet preventing their aggregation. Scanning electron microscopy images of the self-assembled nanobeads are reported.
Second harmonic generation in optical waveguides (1995)

Abstract Efficient second-harmonic generators in a waveguide structure, especially quasi-phase matched devices, are reviewed. The principle and the application of the quasi-phase matching method by periodic inverted domains are presented.
Blue Light-Induced Chloroplast Relocation in Arabidopsis thaliana as Analyzed by Microbeam Irradiation (2000)

Chloroplast relocation in mesophyll cells of Arabidopsis thaliana was observed microscopically and analyzed by microbeam irradiation. Chloroplasts located along the anticlinal walls in dark-adapted cells. When part of a cell was irradiated with a microbeam of high fluence rate blue light (B) simultaneously with background red light (R) on the whole cell, the chloroplasts moved towards the B-irradiated area, but did not enter the beam. The background R illumination activated cytoplasmic motility as well as chloroplast movement. Without R illumination, there was little chloroplast relocation. In light-adapted cells in which the chloroplasts were spread over the cell surface perpendicular to the incident light, R-illumination had the same effect. Under background R, the chloroplasts moved out of the area irradiated with a B microbeam of 8 or 30 W m(-2) (avoidance response), but chloroplasts outside the beam moved towards the area irradiated with the B microbeam (accumulation response). These results suggest that the signals for accumulation and avoidance responses were generated in a single cell by high fluence rate B. cry1cry2, npq1 and nph1 mutants showed B-induced chloroplast relocation. Both the accumulation and avoidance responses were observed in all the mutants, although in the nph1 mutant, the sensitivity of accumulation movement was slightly lower than that of the wild type. We discuss the possible photoreceptor for B-induced chloroplast relocation.
Microwave dielectric properties of (PbCa)(FeNb)O<sub>3</sub>ceramics with A site Nd<sup>3+</sup>substitution (2004)

The influence of Nd3+ A site charge unbalanced substitution on the microwave properties and crystal structure of (Pb0.48Ca0.52)(Fe0.5Nb0.5 )O3 ceramics has been investigated. For Nd3+ content x ≤ 2 mol-%, specimens can be produced with a single phase of perovskite structure. Other specimens with Nd3+ content x > 2 mol-% possessed PbO–Nb2O5 pyrochlore phase, with linearly increasing content with increasing x. Permittivity first increased and then gradually decreased as Nd3+ content increased to 20 mol-%. The unloaded quality factor Qf reached a maximum of 5210 GHz when Nd3+ content reached 5 mol-%. At higher Nd3+ content, the relative content of pyrochlore phase began to exceed 14.5%, and Qf degenerated. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequencies could be effectively controlled from 37.8 to 0.9 ppm K-1. A small value of 7.8 ppm K-1 was obtained in the [(Pb0.48Ca0.52)1-x Ndx](Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 system when x = 0.05 and the permittivity and Qf value were 87.9 and 5210 GHz respectively. The relationship between microwave dielectric properties and crystal structure is also discussed.
Improved In vitro Model Systems for Gastrointestinal Infection by Choice of Cell Line, pH, Microaerobic Conditions, and Optimization of Culture Conditions (2007)

Culture conditions mimicking the natural environment and allowing the bacterial cells to thrive had no effect on cell viability or apoptosis, and very little influence on mucin expression of human gastrointestinal cells. Thus, it is feasible, using the simple methods we present here, to substantially improve bacterial-mammalian cell in vitro coculture studies to make them more reflective of human infection.
P2X7 Nucleotide Receptor Mediation of Membrane Pore Formation and Superoxide Generation in Human Promyelocytes and Neutrophils (2001)

The P2X(7) receptor, which induces cation channel opening imparting significant permeability to Ca2+ and pore formation with changes in the plasma membrane potential, has been known to be rather restrictedly expressed in cells of the macrophage lineage including dendrites, mature macrophages, and microglial cells. However, we show here that the P2X(7) receptor is also expressed in cells of granulocytic lineage such as HL-60 promyelocytes, granulocytic differentiated cells, and neutrophils. Exposure of these cells to 2',3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP (BzATP) triggered intracellular Ca2+ rise through the mediation of phospholipase C-independent and suramin-sensitive pathways. BzATP also induced depolarization of the plasma membrane in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, whereas it hyperpolarized the cells in the presence of external Ca2+, probably in part through the activation of Ca2+-activated K(+) channels. However, the hyperpolarization phenomenon was markedly attenuated in differentiated HL-60 cells and neutrophils. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of P2X(7) receptors on both HL-60 and neutrophil-like cells. This was further confirmed by pore formation through which the uptake of Lucifer yellow and YO-PRO1 occurred on BzATP treatment. BzATP stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner the production of superoxide in differentiated HL-60 cells via a pathway partially dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Moreover, in human neutrophils, BzATP was a more effective inducer of superoxide generation than PMA. Taken together, this is a first demonstration of the expression of P2X(7) receptors on neutrophils, which shows that the receptor is functionally involved in the defense mechanism by activation of the respiratory burst pathway.
Herbal Medicines Attenuate PD-L1 Expression to Induce Anti-Proliferation in Obesity-Related Cancers (2019)

<b>A</b><b>bstract:</b> Pro-inflammatory hormones and cytokines (leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6) rise in obesity. Elevated levels of hormones and cytokines are linked with several comorbidities such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. The checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays an important role in obesity and cancer proliferation. L-thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) and steroid hormones up-regulate PD-L1 accumulation and promote inflammation in cancer cells and diabetics. On the other hand, resveratrol and other herbal medicines suppress PD-L1 accumulation and reduce diabetic effects. In addition, they induce anti-cancer proliferation in various types of cancer cells via different mechanisms. In the current review, we discuss new findings and visions into the antagonizing effects of hormones on herbal medicine-induced anti-cancer properties.
Green Chemistry Using Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2004)

Chemists have been researching the potential of liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide for environmentally safe applications. This edited volume will cover the various applications of using these forms of carbon dioxide. The three main areas of focus are catalysis and chemical synthesis in CO2, polymers in CO2, and industrial processes and applications utilizing CO2. The book is aimed at researchers in academia and industry, and the contributors are all experts in the field.
Automated Concept Location Using Independent Component Analysis (2008)

Concept location techniques are designed to help isolate sections of source code that relate to specific concepts. Blind Signal Separation techniques like Singular Value Decomposition and Latent Semantic Indexing can be used as a way to identify related sections of source code. This paper explores a related technique called Independent Component Analysis that has the added benefit of identifying statistically independent signals in text, as opposed to ones that are just decorrelated. We describe a tool that we have developed to explore how ICA performs when analysing source code, and show how the technique can be used to perform unsupervised concept location.
Few-shot Autoregressive Density Estimation: Towards Learning to Learn Distributions (2017)

Deep autoregressive models have shown state-of-the-art performance in density estimation for natural images on large-scale datasets such as ImageNet. However, such models require many thousands of gradient-based weight updates and unique image examples for training. Ideally, the models would rapidly learn visual concepts from only a handful of examples, similar to the manner in which humans learns across many vision tasks. In this paper, we show how 1) neural attention and 2) meta learning techniques can be used in combination with autoregressive models to enable effective few-shot density estimation. Our proposed modifications to PixelCNN result in state-of-the art few-shot density estimation on the Omniglot dataset. Furthermore, we visualize the learned attention policy and find that it learns intuitive algorithms for simple tasks such as image mirroring on ImageNet and handwriting on Omniglot without supervision. Finally, we extend the model to natural images and demonstrate few-shot image generation on the Stanford Online Products dataset.
General procedure for the synthesis of mono-N-acylated 1,6-diaminohexanes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral procedure for the synthesis of mono-N-acylated 1,6-diaminohexanesGlenn L. Stahl, Roderich Walter, and Clark W. SmithCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 11, 2285–2286Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00405a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00405a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6554Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alignment solutions on FBEOL layers using ASML scanners (2017)

Wafers at FBEOL layers traditionally have higher stress and larger alignment signal variability. ASML’s ATHENA sensor based scanners, commonly used to expose FBEOL layers, have large spot size (~700um). Hence ATHENA captures the signal from larger area compared to the alignment marks which are typically ~40um wide. This results in higher noise in the alignment signal and if the surrounding areas contain periodic product structures, they interfere with the alignment signal causing either alignment rejects or in some cases- misalignment. SMASH alignment sensors with smaller spot size (~40um) and two additional probe lasers have been used to improve alignment quality and hence reduce mark/wafer rejects. However, due to the process variability, alignment issues still persist. For example, the aluminum grain size, alignment mark trench deposition uniformity, alignment mark asymmetry and variation in stack thicknesses all contribute to the alignment signal variability even within a single wafer. Here, a solution using SMASH sensor that involves designing new alignment marks to ensure conformal coating is proposed. Also new techniques and controls during coarse wafer alignment (COWA) and fine wafer alignment (FIWA) including extra controls over wafer shape parameters, longer scan lengths on alignment marks and weighted light source between Far Infra-Red laser (FIR) and Near Infra-Red (NIR) for alignment are presented. All the above mentioned techniques, when implemented, have reduced the wafer alignment reject rate from around 25% to less than 0.1%. Future work includes mark validation based on the signal response from the various laser colors. Finally, process monitoring using alignment parameters is explored.
Processing Uniformity Improvement by Magnetic Field Distribution Control in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Chamber (1992)

A novel electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) processing apparatus has been developed to improve processing uniformity by adjusting the plasma refractive index determined by the magnetic field distribution in the ECR plasma chamber. With SiO 2 deposition, an excellent uniformity of ±1% for six-inch wafers and ±2% for eight-inch wafers has been obtained. The conditions required for specimen processing, such as perpendicular ion incidence, can be selected independently of uniformity because uniformity is controlled only at the plasma generation region. This method can also be applied to other ECR techniques, such as ECR ion-stream etching
Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes with Acetalated Dextran Microparticles Containing Rapamycin and Pancreatic Peptide P31 (2018)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease with no cure. T1D subjects are dependent on daily exogenous insulin administration, due to the loss of functional insulin-producing β cells. Needed are immunotherapies that prevent and/or treat T1D. One approach of immunotherapy is to administer an autoantigen to selectively tolerize diabetogenic effector T cells without global immunosuppression. To date, however, strategies of antigen-specific immunotherapy are largely ineffective in the clinic. Using an antigen-specific approach, a biodegradable polymeric delivery vehicle, acetalated dextran microparticles (Ace-DEX MPs), is applied and T1D development is prevented through coadministration of the immunosuppressant rapamycin and the diabetogenic peptide P31 (Rapa/P31/MPs), via alterations of both innate and adaptive immunity. Ex vivo, adoptively transferred CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and an increased ratio of FoxP3<sup>+</sup> to IFNγ<sup>+</sup> T cells. In vitro analysis indicates dendritic cells exhibit a less mature phenotype following coculture with Rapa/P31/MPs, which results in reduced CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production (IFNγ and IL-2), but promotes PD-1 expression. Together these results demonstrate Ace-DEX MP-based antigen-specific therapy effectively tolerizes diabetogenic CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells to prevent T1D, thereby demonstrating one of the first successful attempts of T1D prevention using a single-formulation particulate delivery platform.
Genetic‐based design of a tetra‐band high‐efficiency radio‐frequency energy harvesting system (2013)

In this study, we exploit genetic algorithms to design a rectenna required to harvest ambient radio‐frequency (RF) energy from four different RF bands in critical (ultra‐low power) conditions. For this purpose a set of multi‐resonant annular‐ring patch antennas are pixel‐wise described inside an electromagnetic simulator to provide the ‘population’ of individuals among which the genetic tool is able to select the most adapted one with respect to the design specifications. The further use of circuit‐level non‐linear simulation tool, based on Harmonic balance technique, allows the rigorous multi‐band design of the whole rectenna system in RF stationary conditions at several received power levels. The result is a novel compact, lightweight and highly efficient tetra‐band rectenna, able to harvest RF energy from GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS and WiFi sources available in the ambient. At these frequency bands high radiation efficiency is desired as an essential prerequisite for optimally handling very low‐power densities. Very good agreement with measurements of both the radiating and rectifying designs is demonstrated in real office scenarios. Finally the rectenna is connected to a power management unit and the resulting assembly is tested in terms of stored energy while harvesting from a mobile cell‐phone call.