gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyp1 and Pyp2 PTPases dephosphorylate an osmosensing MAP kinase controlling cell size at division in fission yeast. (1995)

Simultaneous inactivation of pyp1 and pyp2 PTPases in fission yeast leads to aberrant cell morphology and growth arrest. Spontaneous recessive mutations that bypass the requirement for pyp1 and pyp2 and reside in two complementation groups were isolated, sty1 and sty2. sty1- and sty2- mutant cells are substantially delayed in the timing of mitotic initiation. We have isolated the sty1 gene, which encodes a MAP kinase that is closely related to a subfamily of MAP kinases regulated by osmotic stress including Saccharomyces cervisiae HOG1 and human CSBP1. We find that sty2 is allelic to the wis1 MAP kinase kinase and that delta sty1 and delta wis1 cells are unable to grow in high osmolarity medium. Osmotic stress induces both tyrosine phosphorylation of Sty1 and a reduction in cell size at division. Pyp2 associates with and tyrosine dephosphorylates Sty1 in vitro. We find that wis1-dependent induction of pyp2 mRNA is responsible for tyrosine dephosphorylation of Sty1 in vivo on prolonged exposure to osmotic stress. We conclude that Pyp1 and Pyp2 are tyrosine-specific MAP kinase phosphatases that inactivate an osmoregulated MAP kinase, Sty1, which acts downstream of the Wis1 MAP kinase kinase to control cell size at division in fission yeast.
Computing with Words: Zadeh, Turing, Popper and Occam (2007)

In this article, after explaining Zadeh's computing with words (CWW) paradigm, I argue that for this paradigm to be embraced, it must be validated using a Turinglike test, use a scientifically correct fuzzy set model for words, namely interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs), and be simple, meaning that fuzzy set operations should be as simple as possible. These conclusions are drawn using the ideas of Turing, Popper and Occam. Short descriptions are provided for a Perceptual Computer (Per-C), which is an architecture for CWW for making subjective judgments, IT2 FSs, IT2 FS models for words, and why an IT2 FS model captures first-order uncertainties about a word. Short biographies of Zadeh, Turing, Popper and Occam are also provided.
Every Good Virtue You Ever Wanted in a Q-switched Solid-state Laser and More: Monolithic, Diode-pumped, Self-q-switched, Highly Reproducible, Diffraction-limited Nd:yag Laser (1993)

The applications of Q-switched lasers are well known, for example, laser radar, laser remote sensing, satellite orbit determination, Moon orbit and 'moon quake' determination, satellite laser communication, and many nonlinear optics applications. Most of the applications require additional properties of the Q-switched lasers, such as single-axial and/or single-transverse mode, high repetition rate, stable pulse shape and pulse width, or ultra compact and rugged oscillators. Furthermore, space based and airborne lasers for lidar and laser communication applications require efficient, compact, lightweight, long-lived, and stable-pulsed laser sources. Diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSL) have recently shown the potential for satisfying all of these requirements. We will report on the operating characteristics of a diode-pumped, monolithic, self-Q-switched Cr,Nd:YAG laser where the chromium ions act as a saturable absorber for the laser emission at 1064 nm. The pulse duration is 3.5 ns and the output is highly polarized with an extinction ratio of 700:1. It is further shown that the output is single-longitudinal-mode with transform-limited spectral line width without pulse-to-pulse mode competition. Consequently, the pulse-to-pulse intensity fluctuation is less than the instrument resolution of 0.25 percent. This self-stabilization mechanism is because the lasing mode bleaches the distributed absorber and establishes a gain-loss grating similar to that used in the distributed feedback semiconductor lasers. A repetition rate above 5 KHz has also been demonstrated. For higher power, this laser can be used for injection seeding an amplifier (or amplifier chain) or injection locking of a power oscillator pumped by diode lasers. We will discuss some research directions on the master oscillator for higher output energy per pulse as well as how to scale the output power of the diode-pumped amplifier(s) to multi-kilowatt average power.
The Alpha 21364 network architecture (2002)

The Alpha 21364 processor provides a high-performance, highly scalable, and highly reliable network architecture. The router runs at 1.2 GHz and routes packets at a peak bandwidth of 22.4 GB/s. The network architecture scales up to a 128-processor configuration, which can support up to four terabytes of distributed Rambus memory and hundreds of terabytes of disk storage. The distributed Rambus memory is kept coherent via a scalable, directory-based cache coherence scheme. The network also provides a variety of reliability features, such as per-flit ECC. These features make the 21364 network architecture well-suited to support communication-intensive server applications.
Alpha-galactosidase production and use in a hollow-fiber reactor (1976)

Soybean milk serves as a base for a variety of beverages designed for consumption in developing countries. Soybean flour contains raffinose and stachyose considered to be responsible for flatulence often associated with these products (J.J. Rackis, D.H. Honig, D.J. Sessa, and F.R. Steggerda, 1970). alpha-Galactosidase, produced on wheat bran, hydrolyzes the galactooligosaccharides of soybean milk.
Fundamental Molecules and Mechanisms for Forming and Maintaining Neuromuscular Synapses (2018)

The neuromuscular synapse is a relatively large synapse with hundreds of active zones in presynaptic motor nerve terminals and more than ten million acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the postsynaptic membrane. The enrichment of proteins in presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes ensures a rapid, robust, and reliable synaptic transmission. Over fifty years ago, classic studies of the neuromuscular synapse led to a comprehensive understanding of how a synapse looks and works, but these landmark studies did not reveal the molecular mechanisms responsible for building and maintaining a synapse. During the past two-dozen years, the critical molecular players, responsible for assembling the specialized postsynaptic membrane and regulating nerve terminal differentiation, have begun to be identified and their mechanism of action better understood. Here, we describe and discuss five of these key molecular players, paying heed to their discovery as well as describing their currently understood mechanisms of action. In addition, we discuss the important gaps that remain to better understand how these proteins act to control synaptic differentiation and maintenance.
Ultrastructural aspects of human gallbladder epithelial cells in cholelithiasis: Production of anionic mucus (1997)

The surface epithelium of 28 gallbladders removed during elective cholecystectomies and pathology collection was studied ultrastructurally. Focusing on 10 of the 28 cases that were diagnosed as cholecystitis, we found that the epithelium displayed numerous apical mucous granules and bulging apical apices. Mucous granule changes included 1) hyperproduction of secretory granules of neutral type containing an electron-dense proteinaceous spherule, similar to that described in other mucus-producing glands of the digestive system, and 2) production of anionic, osmiophilic secretory mucus. Other alterations of the surface epithelial cells included the production of bizarre surface appendages resembling primitive cilia without axoneme and epithelial excrescences.
High nutrient-density diets for weanling pigs (1986)

The increased occurrence of early weaning (4 weeks of age or less) of pigs has resulted in increased problems with a postweaning "lag" in many commercial swine units. The nursery is the weak link of most commercial swine operations. Attention to management factors that affect environment, health, and nutrition is the key to production success with early weaning. During the last decade, major research efforts have been expended by several universities to find nutritional programs to support satisfactory postweaning performance with early-weaned pigs. Ironically, many of the pigs used in these university trials were 4 weeks of age and weighed in excess of 15 lb at weaning. Weaning at 3 weeks of age results in many lightweight pigs (<10 >lb) that require increased nutrient density and diet palatability to maintain growth on a dry diet. If these pigs won't consume the diet, or fully utilize the nutrients in the diet, a "lag" in performance or even death can occur. Economic justification of feeding complex diets to 3-week-old weanling pigs must be considered by the individual swine producer. Prior to weaning, the sow provides the pig with about 16, equally spaced, highly digestible meals in a liquid form. This liquid diet contains approximately 30% protein, 35% fat, and 25% lactose on a dry matter basis. After weaning, pigs are normally fed a low fat, low lactose, high carbohydrate diet composed of cereal grain and soybean meal in a dry form. It is not surprising that a 10 lb pig does not immediately establish a social order I find the feeder, adjust to the drastic change in diet, and immediately start eating and gaining weight the first week after weaning. The objective of this paper is to provide justification for a high nutrient-density diet for early-weaned pigs and to give practical application of such a diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986
Multiphase Signal Generation Using Capacitive Coupling of LC-VCOs (2007)

A method for multiphase signal generation by means of coupling several identical cross-connected LC-VCOs via capacitors is presented. An analysis is presented which shows that there is a 180/N degrees phase difference between the outputs when N identical oscillators are coupled to each other. Since there is no noise and power consumption introduced by the coupling capacitors, the circuit has a better phase noise performance and lower total power consumption than other similar multiphase oscillators. Simulation results for the oscillator designed with a 0.18 μm CMOS technology are presented and compared with another similar multiphase oscillator.
Bayesian Learning of Kernel Embeddings (2016)

Kernel methods are one of the mainstays of machine learning, but the problem of kernel learning remains challenging, with only a few heuristics and very little theory. This is of particular importance in methods based on estimation of kernel mean embeddings of probability measures. For characteristic kernels, which include most commonly used ones, the kernel mean embedding uniquely determines its probability measure, so it can be used to design a powerful statistical testing framework, which includes nonparametric two-sample and independence tests. In practice, however, the performance of these tests can be very sensitive to the choice of kernel and its lengthscale parameters. To address this central issue, we propose a new probabilistic model for kernel mean embeddings, the Bayesian Kernel Embedding model, combining a Gaussian process prior over the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space containing the mean embedding with a conjugate likelihood function, thus yielding a closed form posterior over the mean embedding. The posterior mean of our model is closely related to recently proposed shrinkage estimators for kernel mean embeddings, while the posterior uncertainty is a new, interesting feature with various possible applications. Critically for the purposes of kernel learning, our model gives a simple, closed form marginal pseudolikelihood of the observed data given the kernel hyperparameters. This marginal pseudolikelihood can either be optimized to inform the hyperparameter choice or fully Bayesian inference can be used.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Navigation of Neurovascular Catheters (2019)

Abstract Endovascular catheters are necessary for state-ofthe- art treatments of life-threatening and time-critical diseases like strokes and heart attacks. Navigating them through the vascular tree is a highly challenging task. We present our preliminary results for the autonomous control of a guidewire through a vessel phantom with the help of Deep Reinforcement Learning. We trained Deep-Q-Network (DQN) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) agents on a simulated vessel phantom and evaluated the training performance. We also investigated the effect of the two enhancements Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) and Human Demonstration (HD) on the training speed of our agents. The results show that the agents are capable of learning to navigate a guidewire from a random start point in the vessel phantom to a random goal. This is achieved with an average success rate of 86.5% for DQN and 89.6% for DDPG. The use of HER and HD significantly increases the training speed. The results are promising and future research should address more complex vessel phantoms and the use of a combination of guidewire and catheter.
Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse porous polymer particles (1992)

Abstract Monodisperse porous polymer particles in the size range of 10 μm in diameter were prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization. Linear polymer (polystyrene seed) or a mixture of linear polymer and solvent or nonsolvent were used as inert diluents. The pore diameters of these porous polymer particles were on the order of 1000 Å with pore volumes up to 0.9 mL/g and specific surface areas up to 200 m 2 /g. The physical features of the porous polymer particles depended on the diluent type and the crosslinker content, as well as the molecular weight of polymer seed particles. By varying the molecular weight of the linear polymer, monodisperse porous polymer particles with different pore size distribution could be synthesized. Polymer seed with a low degree of crosslinking instead of linear polymer could also be used to prepare monodisperse porous polymer particles with smaller pore volume and pore size.
No-dependent vasodilation induced by nebivolol in coronary circulation is not mediated by beta-adrenoceptors or by 5 HT1A-receptors. (2002)

Nebivolol is a unique beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist which possesses peripheral vasodilator properties dependent on endothelial NO. Nebivolol-induced release of NO was attributed to its L stereoisomer and to its ability to stimulate endothelial beta2, beta3 adrenoceptors or 5-HT1A receptors. Here, in the isolated guinea pig heart we analysed coronary vasodilator potency of L- and D-nebivolol and a possible role of beta2, beta3 adrenoceptors and 5-HT1A receptors in nebivolol-induced vasodilation. Surprisingly, we found that not only L-nebivolol (3-30 x 10(-6) M) but also D-nebivolol (3-30 x 10(-6) M) induced coronary vasodilation, and both responses were inhibited by L-NAME (10(-4) M). In contrast with the stereoisomers of nebivolol, atenolol at the equimolar concentrations did induce slight vasoconstriction. The nonselective beta1/beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist--nadolol (10(-5) M), the selective beta3-adrenoceptor antagonist--L 748337 (10(-6) M) and the 5 HT1A receptor antagonist--NAN 190 (5 x 10(-6) M), none of them inhibited coronary vasodilation induced by D- and L-nebivolol. In summary, in the isolated guinea pig heart both D- and L-nebivolol act as coronary vasodilators. Coronary vasodilation induced by stereoisomers of nebivolol is mediated by endothelium-derived NO and does not depend on beta2, beta3 adrenoceptors or 5 HT1A receptors.
Levels of anti-A and anti-B in commercial immune globulins (1980)

Samples from 168 lots of immune serum globulin, tetanus immune globulin, and Rho (D) immune globulin produced by seven American manufacturers during the period 1973-1977 were analyzed for anti-A and anti-B content by saline and antiglobulin titration. There was appreciable variation among manufacturers, but between 1973 and 1975 all products showed a significant decrease in alloantibody titer. This trend did not continue during the interval 1975-1977; the titers of most manufacturers' products remained near the 1975 level. The anti-A titer of a given product was approximately one dilution higher than the anti-B; both titers were usually increased by anti-human serum, though this occurred more often in the case of anti-B.
Religious Fundamentalism and Legal Systems: Methods and Rationales in the Fight to Control the Political Apparatus (1997)

Religious fundamentalism has become a worldwide phenomenon. While many contend that fundamentalist movements only exist in North American Protestantism and in Middle Eastern Islam, fundamentalist groups can be found in every region of the globe and among all of the world's religions. In addition to becoming a global phenomenon, fundamentalist groups exert considerable social, cultural, and political pressure within the nations they inhabit. Shiite Islamic fundamentalists in Iran and the Christian Coalition in the United States are only two examples of fundamentalist groups that have risen to prominence in their nations. In this note, I will explore one narrow aspect of religious fundamentalist movements, namely the relationship between fundamentalists and legal systems. This note will seek to uncover why fundamentalists believe they must control the fashioning of law and legal systems within the societies they inhabit. In addition, I will explore why fundamentalists feel it is imperative that laws be crafted by them and not by other groups within their societies. In short, I will explore why fundamentalists feel they need law, and why they feel law needs fundamentalists. To answer these questions and obtain a grasp of a wide range of fundamentalist movements, I will present three case studies: the Jewish haredim in Israel; the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt; and the Buddhist fundamentalists in Sri Lanka. By examining these movements, it becomes apparent that the reasons fundamentalists become interested in legal systems and the methods they use to control them are dictated first by the precepts of
Intestinal Pathophysiology in Autism (2003)

Autism is a life-long developmental disorder affecting as many as 1 in 500 children. The causes for this profound disorder are largely unknown. Recent research has uncovered pathology in the gastrointestinal tract of autistic children. The pathology, reported to extend from the esophagus to the colon, is described here along with other studies pointing to a connection between diet and the severity of symptoms expressed in autism. The evidence that there is impaired intestinal permeability in autism is reviewed, and various theories are discussed by which a leaky gut could develop. Lastly, some possible ways in which impaired gastrointestinal function might influence brain function are discussed.
Review Paper: Burn Coverage Technologies: Current Concepts and Future Directions (2007)

International audience
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Dual Metal‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as Efficient and Robust Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts for Microbial Fuel Cells (2015)

<b>A new class of dual metal and N doped carbon catalysts with well-defined</b> porous structure derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed as a high-performance electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) device based on the as-prepared Ni/Co and N codoped carbon as air cathode catalyst achieves a maximum power density of 4335.6 mW m<sup>-2</sup> and excellent durability.
Acousto-Optic Processors For Passive Surveillance (1985)

A compact acousto-optic time integrating correlator has been developed for passive surveillance applications. The correlator has a bandwidth of 100 MHz about a center frequency (IF) of 300 MHz to provide time-difference-of-arrival information with a resolution of less than 10 nsec useful in locating wideband radar jammers when signals are received at two widely separated antennas. On an airborne platform, the correlator may perform passive ranging. This correlator features the use of counterpropagating surface acoustic waves on a single lithium niobate delay line interacting with light from a laser diode. Diffracted beams are interferometrically combined on an integrating photodiode array. Integration time of 1 msec provides a time-bandwidth product of 105. A two dimensional correlator allows processing of both time-difference-of-arrival and differential Doppler, and a related processor performs both cross correlation and cross spectrum analysis.
Engineering mathematics handbook (1998)

Algebra. Geometry. Trigonometry. Plane Analytic Geometry. Space Analytic Geometry. Elementary Functions. Differential Calculus. Sequences and Series. Integral Calculus. Vector Analysis. Functions of a Complex Variable. Fourier Series. Higher Transcendent Functions. Ordinary Differential Equations. Partial Differential Equations. Laplace Transforms. Numerical Methods. Probability and Statistics. Table of Indefinite Integrals. Tables of Definite Integrals. Plane Curves and Areas. Space Curves and Surfaces. Appendices: A: Numerical Tables. B: Glossary of Symbols and Mathematics Terms. C: Units of Measurement and Conversions Between International and U. S. Customary Systems. D: Sample Problems, Mathematics Programs, and Modern Handheld Calculators. E: References and Bibliography.
Model-based lithography verification using the new manufacturing sensitivity model (2006)

Process depth of focus analysis has always been an important method for determining semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturability. This is becoming even more apparent as process nodes continue to shrink and more aggressive Resolution Enhancement Technology (RET) techniques are adopted to help retain process latitude. Process window is one of the most important factors in improving yield and reducing production cost. Therefore, pattern verification prior to mask tape-out is essential to save development time, and cost is extremely important. The concept of focus-sensitive hotspot detection has been recently introduced using a Manufacturing Sensitivity Model (MSM). As the MSM interacts with the pattern, the model produces output that judges the quality of the through-process correction in a single piece of interpreted data. The MSM output can then be readily analyzed to find process sensitive patterns. In this study, we will apply a process focus sensitivity detection algorithm to various designs using Focus Sensitive Model (FSM). The results will be compared to conventional depth of focus analysis techniques. The goal is to understand the relationship between the focus sensitivity and the CD error variations. This will be used to understand if focus-sensitive hotspot detection using FSM can be applied for verifying RET process qualities.
In-Sodium Test of Ultra-Sonic Flowmeter for Fast Breeder Reactor (1987)

Developments on the ultra-sonic flowmeters, which are used widely in the water loop, have been carried out for the application on the sodium loop in fast breeder reactor. This is because of that ultra-sonic flowmeters have several characteristics needed to the large pipe sodium flowmeter, i.e. good linearity, light-weight, leak tight, low cost etc..After fundamental improvement about the settling method of transducer to high temperature duct and about measurement circuit were developed, in-water tests were conducted and effectiveness of such improvements were confirmed.So 12B and 24B ultra-sonic flowmeters were made after additions of several improvements to high temperature problems, and tested in the sodium loop, and it is confirmed that the ultra-sonic flowmeters have superior characteristics as the sodium flowmeters. In the sodium temperature (200∼400°C) and flow rate (0∼6m/s), linearity and repeatability were within ±1%. And effect of upper flow straight pipe length to the ultra-sonic flowmeter output was smaller than in water loop tests.This paper describes mainly the above results of sodium flow tests which showed that ultra-sonic flowmeters are useful as the sodium flowmeter.