gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized Laser Heterodyne Radiometer (LHR) for Measurements of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmospheric Column (2012)

This passive laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR) instrument simultaneously measures multiple trace gases in the atmospheric column including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), and resolves their concentrations at different altitudes. This instrument has been designed to operate in tandem with the passive aerosol sensor currently used in AERONET (an established network of more than 450 ground aerosol monitoring instruments worldwide). Because aerosols induce a radiative effect that influences terrestrial carbon exchange, simultaneous detection of aerosols with these key carbon cycle gases offers a uniquely comprehensive measurement approach. Laser heterodyne radiometry is a technique for detecting weak signals that was adapted from radio receiver technology. In a radio receiver, a weak input signal from a radio antenna is mixed with a stronger local oscillator signal. The mixed signal (beat note, or intermediate frequency) has a frequency equal to the difference between the input signal and the local oscillator. The intermediate frequency is amplified and sent to a detector that extracts the audio from the signal. In the LHR instrument described here, sunlight that has undergone absorption by the trace gas is mixed with laser light at a frequency matched to a trace gas absorption feature in the infrared (IR). Mixing results in a beat signal in the RF (radio frequency) region that can be related to the atmospheric concentration. For a one-second integration, the estimated column sensitivities are 0.1 ppmv for CO2, and <1 ppbv for CH4. In addition to producing a standalone ground measurement product, this instrument could be used to calibrate/validate four Earth observing missions: ASCENDS (Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons), OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory), OCO-3, and GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observational SATellite). The only network that currently measures CO2 and CH4 in the atmospheric column is TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network), and only two of its 16 operational sites are in the United States. TCCON data is used for validation of GOSAT data, and will be used for OCO-2 validation. While these Fourier-transform spectrometers (FTS) can measure the largest range of trace gases, the network is severely limited due to the high cost and extreme size of these instruments (these occupy small buildings and require personnel for operation). The LHR/AERONET instrument offers a significantly smaller (carry-on luggage size) autonomous instrument that can be incorporated into AERONET s much larger (450 instruments) global network.
Quantitative live cell imaging with tomographic phase microscopy (2009)

In visualizing transparent biological cells and tissues, the phase contrast microscope and its related techniques have been a cornerstone of nearly every cell biology laboratory. However, phase contrast methods are inherently qualitative and lack in 3-D imaging capability. We introduce a novel tomographic microscopy for quantitative three-dimensional mapping of refractive index in live cells and tissues using a phase-shifting laser interferometric microscope with variable illumination angle. With this instrument, we performed noninvasive quantification of the hemoglobin content in the red blood cells as the disease progression of malaria infection.
Mammalian-like type II glutaminyl cyclases in Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral pathogenic bacteria as targets for treatment of periodontitis (2021)

The development of a targeted therapy would significantly improve the treatment of periodontitis and its associated diseases including Alzheimer Disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. Glutaminyl cyclases (QCs) from the oral pathogens <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i> and <i>Prevotella intermedia</i> represent attractive target enzymes for small-molecule inhibitor development, as their action is likely to stabilize essential periplasmic and outer membrane proteins by N-terminal pyroglutamination. In contrast to other microbial QCs that utilize so-called type I enzymes, these oral pathogens possess sequences corresponding to type II QCs, observed hitherto only in animals. However, whether differences between these bacteroidal QCs and animal QCs are sufficient to enable development of selective inhibitors is not clear. To learn more, we recombinantly expressed all three QCs. They exhibit comparable catalytic efficiencies and are inhibited by metal chelators. Crystal structures of the enzymes from <i>P. gingivalis</i> (<i>Pg</i>QC) and <i>T. forsythia</i> (<i>Tf</i>QC) reveal a tertiary structure composed of an eight-stranded β-sheet surrounded by seven α-helices, typical of animal type II QCs. In each case, an active site Zn ion is tetrahedrally coordinated by conserved residues. Nevertheless, significant differences to mammalian enzymes are found around the active site of the bacteroidal enzymes. Application of a <i>Pg</i>QC-selective inhibitor described here for the first time results in growth inhibition of two <i>P. gingivalis</i> clinical isolates in a dose dependent manner. The insights gained by these studies will assist in the development of highly specific small-molecule bacteroidal QC inhibitors, paving the way for alternative therapies against periodontitis and associated diseases.
Integrated PV Capacity Firming and Energy Time Shift Battery Energy Storage Management Using Energy-Oriented Optimization (2016)

In this paper, we propose a complete active-power-management scheme for the control of battery energy-storage systems (BESSs) for two main applications: 1) photovoltaic (PV) capacity firming and 2) energy time shift (ETS). In the proposed approach, first two control algorithms are designed to provide active-power set points to BESS for the above applications. Then, an optimization routine for integrating these controllers is designed. The proposed approach uses an energy-conservation method to integrate these two applications of energy-storage system. The designed algorithm was tested on a transient simulation platform and then implemented on a 720-node actual power distribution feeder. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the algorithm can be used to optimize multiple functions and perform simultaneous control of BESS.
Nanofibers from Melt Blown Fiber-in-Fiber Polymer Blends (2013)

Nanofibers were generated by melt blowing three sets of polymer blends, each comprised of pairs of immiscible components. Blends containing minority phases (25% by volume) of poly(ethylene-<i>co</i>-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PECTFE) in poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), PECTFE in poly(styrene) (PS), and PBT in PS were dispersed as droplets in a continuous majority phase and melt blown into long (>100 μm) fibers with average diameters of several micrometers. Electron microscopy experiments revealed that melt blowing transformed the initial spherical dispersions into a nanofiber-in-fiber morphology. Macroscopic mats of nonwoven PBT and PECTFE nanofibers, with average diameters as small as 70 nm, were isolated by selectively removing the majority phase with a solvent. This method provides a potentially inexpensive, high throughput, one-step route to scalable quantities of polymeric nanofibers.
A System for Automated Image Editing from Natural Language Commands (2018)

This work presents the task of modifying images in an image editing program using natural language written commands. We utilize a corpus of over 6000 image edit text requests to alter real world images collected via crowdsourcing. A novel framework composed of actions and entities to map a user's natural language request to executable commands in an image editing program is described. We resolve previously labeled annotator disagreement through a voting process and complete annotation of the corpus. We experimented with different machine learning models and found that the LSTM, the SVM, and the bidirectional LSTM-CRF joint models are the best to detect image editing actions and associated entities in a given utterance.
Isolation and Characterization of Two Proteins from<i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>That Bear a Common Epitope (1998)

The UspA1 and UspA2 proteins of Moraxella catarrhalis are potential vaccine candidates for preventing disease caused by this organism. We have characterized both proteins and evaluated their vaccine potential using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Both proteins were purified from the O35E isolate by Triton X-100 extraction, followed by ion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Analysis of the sequences of internal peptides, prepared by enzymatic and chemical cleavage of the proteins, revealed that UspA1 and UspA2 exhibited distinct structural differences but shared a common sequence including an epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody 17C7. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), purified UspA1 exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 350, 000 when unheated and a molecular weight of 100,000 after being heated for 10 min at 100 degreesC. In contrast, purified UspA2 exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 240,000 by SDS-PAGE that did not change with the length of time of heating. Their sizes as determined by gel filtration were 1,150,000 and 830,000 for UspA1 and UspA2, respectively. Preliminary results indicate the proteins have separate functions in bacterial pathogenesis. Purified UspA1 was found to bind HEp-2 cells, and sera against UspA1, but not against UspA2, blocked binding of the O35E isolate to the HEp-2 cells. UspA1 also bound fibronectin and appears to have a role in bacterial attachment. Purified UspA2, however, did not bind fibronectin but had an affinity for vitronectin. Both proteins elicited bactericidal antibodies in mice to homologous and heterologous disease isolates. Finally, mice immunized with each of the proteins, followed by pulmonary challenge with either the homologous or a heterologous isolate, cleared the bacteria more rapidly than mock-immunized mice. These results suggest that UspA1 and UspA2 serve different virulence functions and that both are promising vaccine candidates.
The estimation of radial temperature distribution in cylindrical battery cells under unknown cooling conditions (2013)

The estimation of temperature inside a battery cell requires accurate information about the cooling condition even when the battery surface temperature is measured. This paper presents a model-based approach for estimating the temperature distribution inside a cylindrical battery under the unknown convective cooling condition. A reduced order thermal model using a polynomial approximation of the temperature profile inside the battery is used. A Dual Extended Kalman Filter (DEKF) is then applied for the identification of the convection coefficient and the estimation of the battery core temperature. Experimental results show that the proposed DEKF-based estimation method can provide an accurate prediction of the core temperature under the unknown cooling condition by measuring the battery current and voltage along with surface and ambient temperatures.
An Albumin-Conjugated Peptide Exhibits Potent Anti-HIV Activity and Long<i>In Vivo</i>Half-Life (2009)

The clinical application of conventional peptide drugs often is limited by their short in vivo half-life and potential immunogenicity. Frequent injection presents challenges to the treatment of chronic diseases, such as HIV infection. We chemically modified a peptide HIV fusion inhibitor with 3-maleimidopropionic acid (MPA), which allows rapid and irreversible conjugation with serum albumin at a 1:1 molar ratio. FB006M, with an MPA modification at the 13th amino acid, rapidly formed conjugate with albumin upon intravenous injection, and it exhibited a remarkably extended in vivo half-life. The albumin conjugate of FB006M displayed potent inhibitory activity against a number of laboratory and clinical isolates of HIV-1 in vitro and in vivo. No immunogenicity or antibody formation was detected after repeated dosing. The clinical application of FB006M may decrease the cost of treatment and improve treatment compliance and patient quality of life.
Applications of the phase transfer function of digital incoherent imaging systems (2012)

The phase of the optical transfer function is advocated as an important tool in the characterization of modern incoherent imaging systems. It is shown that knowledge of the phase transfer function (PTF) can benefit a diverse array of applications involving both traditional and computational imaging systems. Areas of potential benefits are discussed, and three applications are presented, demonstrating the utility of the phase of the complex frequency response in practical scenarios. In traditional imaging systems, the PTF is shown via simulation results to be strongly coupled with odd-order aberrations and hence useful in misalignment detection and correction. In computational imaging systems, experimental results confirm that the PTF can be successfully applied to subpixel shift estimation and wavefront coding characterization tasks.
Influence of Reduced Palmitate Content on Agronomic and Seed Traits of Soybean (1994)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]genotypes with reduced palmitate content have been developed to improve the nutritional characteristics of the seed oil. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of reduced palmitate on agronomic and seed traits of sobean. Three lines homozygous for the fap1 fap3 alleles (≈ 40g kg −1 palmitate) were crossed to different high‐yielding cultivars (≈110 g kg −1 palmitate). In total, 27 F 4 ‐derived lines with reduced palmitate and 27 lines with normal palmitate content were selected from each of the three single‐cross populations. The lines and parents of each population were grown in separate replicated field tests at three locations in Iowa during 1992. The mean seed yield of the reduced‐palmitate lines was significantly less than that of the normal‐palmitate lines was significantly less than that of the normal‐palmitate lines in two of the three populations. The reduced‐palmitate lines had significantly greater protein content in two crosses and significantly lower oil content than the normal‐palmitate lines in all crosses. The associations of reduced palmitate with agronomic and seed traits could be attributable to pleiotropic effects of the fap1 or fap3 alleles or to possible linkages of the alleles with genes controlling the other traits.
Total Syntheses and Biological Investigations of Tamandarins A and B and Tamandarin A Analogs (2001)

Tamandarins A (1) and B (2), two natural products similar in structure to didemnin B (3), were recently isolated from a Brazilian marine ascidian of the family Didemnidae. The cytotoxicity of 1 was reported to be somewhat more potent in vitro than that of 3 against various human cancer cell lines. The present account describes the first total syntheses of 1 and 2, and the syntheses of tamandarin A side chain analogues. The cytotoxicity data for these compounds show that the side chain modifications exhibit a parallel effect for both didemnins and tamandarins. This observation supports tamandarins' role as didemnins' mimic.
Complementary dataset to "BRB: Mitigating Branch Predictor Side-Channels." (2018)

This dataset supports the article "BRB: Mitigating Branch Predictor Side-Channels.", accepted for publication at HPCA '19, The 25th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture.
Unsaturated Side Chain β-11-Hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol Analogs (1996)

The cannabinoid side chain is a key pharmacophore in the interaction of cannabinoids with their receptors (CB1 and CB2). To study the stereochemical requirements of the side chain, we synthesized a series of cannabinoids in which rotation around the C1'-C2' bond is blocked. The key steps in the synthesis were the cuprate addition of a substituted resorcinol to (+)-apoverbenone, the TMSOTf-mediated formation of the dihydropyran ring, and the stereospecific introduction of the beta-11-hydroxymethyl group. All the analogs tested showed nanomolar affinity for the receptors, the cis-hept-1-ene side chain having the highest affinity for CB1 (Ki = 0.89 nM) and showing the widest separation between CB1 and CB2 affinities. The parent n-heptyl-beta-11-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol was the least potent binding to CB1 (Ki = 8.9 nM) and had the lowest selectivity between CB1 and CB2.
[Prediction of genetic risk for hypertension]. (2004)

These results suggest that two and one genes may be susceptibility loci for hypertension in Japanese men and women, respectively, and that genotyping of these polymorphisms may prove informative for prediction of the genetic risk for hypertension.
Tilt Determination in MEMS Inertial Vestibular Prosthesis (2006)

Positive results in initial testing and a sound theoretical basis for the hardware warrant continued development and testing, which is being conducted at three sites.
Perceptual thresholds and electrode impedance in three retinal prosthesis subjects (2005)

Three test subjects blind from retinitis pigmentosa were implanted with retinal prostheses as part of a FDA-approved clinical trial. The implant consisted of an extraocular unit that contained electronics for wireless data, power, and generation of stimulus current, and an intraocular unit that consisted of 16 platinum stimulating electrodes arranged in a 4 x 4 pattern within a silicone rubber substrate. The array was held to the retina by a small tack. The stimulator was connected to the array by a multiwire cable and was controlled by a computer based external system that allowed precise control over each electrode. Perception thresholds and electrode impedance were obtained on each electrode from the subjects over several months of testing. The electrode distance from the retina was determined from optical coherence tomography imaging of the array and retina. Across all subjects, average thresholds ranged from 24-702 microA (1-ms pulse). The data show that proximity to the retina played a role in determining the threshold and impedance, but only for electrodes that were greater than 0.5 mm from the retina.
Enhancing testability by structured partial scan (2012)

Full scan designs are widely used for their indisputable benefits of predictably high test coverage, diagnosis and debug. However, for high-performance designs the cost of scan - area and delay - is not acceptable and partial scan is used instead. Unfortunately, partial scan significantly increases test generation complexity. We define a structured partial scan design methodology and specific test generation enhancements, which significantly enhance test coverage and reduce test data and cycles. Selective design areas use special types of nonscan cells which can capture a value in the last few scan load cycles. Combinational test generation is extended to work with this structured partial scan design, resulting in higher coverage and fewer patterns. Experimental results on industrial designs show consistent testability benefits.
Multilevel pulse-position modulation based on balanced incomplete block designs (2012)

In this paper, two new modulation schemes using multilevel pulse-position modulation (PPM) for application in unipolar optical wireless systems are presented. Balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) are used for constructing the symbol alphabets. Each symbol is obtained by combining multiple codewords of a BIBD code. In one scheme the symbols have equal energies, and therefore, no threshold is needed to make a decision on the received signal. The other modulation has better performance yet higher complexity. Since cyclic BIBDs are used for constructing the symbols, the transmitters and receivers have simple structures, and can be implemented using shift registers. These schemes can achieve high spectral-efficiencies, and are therefore suitable for systems with bandlimited sources or highly dispersive channels, where intersymbol interference (ISI) has a significant impact on the performance. We also show that using the same receiver structure, the constellation size can be increased by including the complements of the codewords. The performance of the proposed schemes are compared to other modulation schemes for both LED-based non-dispersive and dispersive free-space optical (FSO) systems.
A HBT‐based quasi‐circulator with wideband equalization technique (2011)

Abstract An innovative wideband equalization technique for use in a quasi‐circulator is presented. The technique utilizes both gain and phase equalization, which provides wideband frequency operation with good return loss and isolation between ports. The circulator is realized by configuring three heterojunction bipolar transistors together with an equalizing phase shifter. Both theoretical analyses and experimental validations are performed. Experimental results show that it can operate over the frequency range 0.8–2.2 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:766–768, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25820
Flight awareness collaboration tool development (2016)

NASA is developing the Flight Awareness Collaboration Tool (FACT) to support airline and airport operations during winter storms. The goal is to reduce flight delays and cancellations due to winter weather. FACT concentrates relevant information from the Internet and Federal Aviation Administration on one screen for easy access. It provides collaboration tools for those managing the winter weather event including the airline operations center, airport authority, the air traffic control tower, and de-icing operators. We have formed a user team from an affected airport to guide the design and evaluate the Web-based prototype. Future work includes adding predictive capabilities, conducting a simulation to test FACT in a realistic environment, and evaluating the tool in an operational environment.
Calcinated gold nanoparticle arrays for on-chip, multiplexed and matrix-free mass spectrometric analysis of peptides and small molecules (2015)

A patterned gold nanoparticle microarray, functionalized with a nanoscale silicate coating, has been developed for on-chip, high-throughput mass spectrometric analyses of biomolecules with minimal sample preparation and reagent costs. Fabrication was realized by the combination of layer-by-layer functionalization of the nanoparticles with suitable polyelectrolytes, followed by fluidic patterning of the glass microarray support and calcination for permanent fixation of the nano-coating. Performance of the microarray was evaluated for surface-assisted laser-desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS), where the nano-silicate coating was found to enhance SALDI efficiency, resulting in comparable performance to some common organic matrices for small and medium sized molecules. Performance contributing factors of this material have been discussed; heat confinement and interband transition/plasmonic resonance may play important roles. Taking the accessibility of fabrication, performance, and reusability of this substrate together, the material developed here provides a new tool for multiplexed and chip-based mass spectrometric analysis.
Novel highly-efficient and misalignment insensitive wireless power transfer systems utilizing Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance principles (2014)

The wireless powering efficiency of traditional Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) systems is highly sensitive to the alignment between the transmitter and receiver elements; an issue that has limited their applicability in practical wireless power transfer systems. This paper proposes a novel set of SCMR-based topologies that are insensitive to misalignment and isotropic while providing large wireless powering efficiencies. The systems, which are presented here, achieve power transfer efficiencies above 50% over the complete misalignment range of 0-90° with performance that is significantly better than typical SCMR elements.