gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adapting the Cassini Curve to Approximate In Vivo Irreversible Electroporation Ablations in Porcine Liver (2013)

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new minimally invasive non-thermal focal ablation technique that has been used for the treatment of spontaneous tumors in canine and human patients [1, 2]. The procedure typically involves placing two electrodes into or around a tumor and delivering a series of low energy electric pulses to kill tumor tissue with sub-millimeter resolution. The pulses generate an electric field that alters the resting transmembrane potential (TMP) of the cells. Depending on the magnitude of the induced TMP, the electric pulses can have no effect, reversibly increase membrane permeability, or cause cell death in the case of IRE.
Abstract 12420: Reversal of Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Fondaparinux by a Recombinant Antidote (r-Antidote, PRT064445) (2010)

Anticoagulants, including indirect factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and fondaparinux, are widely used for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis but have the liabi...
Monofunctional and Higher-Valent Platinum Anticancer Agents (2013)

Platinum compounds represent one of the great success stories of metals in medicine. Following the serendipitous discovery of the anticancer activity of cisplatin by Rosenberg, a large number of cisplatin variants have been prepared and tested for their ability to kill cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth. These efforts continue today with increased realization that new strategies are needed to overcome issues of toxicity and resistance inherent to treatment by the approved platinum anticancer agents. One approach has been the use of so-called "non-traditional" platinum(II) and platinum(IV) compounds that violate the structure-activity relationships that governed platinum drug-development research for many years. Another is the use of specialized drug-delivery strategies. Here we describe recent developments from our laboratory involving monofunctional platinum(II) complexes together with a historical account of the manner by which we came to investigate these compounds and their relationship to previously studied molecules. We also discuss work carried out using platinum(IV) prodrugs and the development of nanoconstructs designed to deliver them in vivo.
Striping Delay-Sensitive Packets Over Multiple Bursty Wireless Channels (2005)

Multi-homed mobile devices have multiple wireless communication interfaces, each connecting to the Internet via a low speed and bursty WAN link such as a cellular link. We propose a packet striping system for such multi-homed devices — a mapping of packets by agateway to multiple channels, such that the overall performance is enhanced. We model and analyze the striping of delay-sensitive packets over multiple burst-loss channels. We derive the expected packet loss ratio when FEC (Forward Error Correction) and retransmissions are applied for error protection over multiple channels. We next model and analyze the case when the channels are bandwidth-limited. We develop a dynamic programming based algorithm that solves the optimal striping problem for the ARQ, the FEC, and the hybrid FEC/ARQ case.
In vivo characterisation of coronary plaques with conventional grey-scale intravascular ultrasound: correlation with optical coherence tomography (2009)

Conventional grey-scale IVUS may not be a reliable imaging modality for detection of lipid-rich and hence vulnerable plaques. This has important implications in using conventional grey-scale IVUS to identify the vulnerable plaque.
Improving training time of Hessian-free optimization for deep neural networks using preconditioning and sampling. (2013)

Hessian-free training has become a popular parallel second or- der optimization technique for Deep Neural Network training. This study aims at speeding up Hessian-free training, both by means of decreasing the amount of data used for training, as well as through reduction of the number of Krylov subspace solver iterations used for implicit estimation of the Hessian. In this paper, we develop an L-BFGS based preconditioning scheme that avoids the need to access the Hessian explicitly. Since L-BFGS cannot be regarded as a fixed-point iteration, we further propose the employment of flexible Krylov subspace solvers that retain the desired theoretical convergence guarantees of their conventional counterparts. Second, we propose a new sampling algorithm, which geometrically increases the amount of data utilized for gradient and Krylov subspace iteration calculations. On a 50-hr English Broadcast News task, we find that these methodologies provide roughly a 1.5x speed-up, whereas, on a 300-hr Switchboard task, these techniques provide over a 2.3x speedup, with no loss in WER. These results suggest that even further speed-up is expected, as problems scale and complexity grows.
An Effective Face Authentication Method for Resource - Constrained Devices (2004)

Though biometrics to authenticate a person is a good tool in terms of security and convenience, typical authentication algorithms using biometrics may not be executed on resource-constrained devices such as smart cards. Thus, to execute biometric processing on resource-constrained devices, it is desirable to develop lightweight authentication algorithm that requires only small amount of memory and computation. Also, among biological features, face is one of the most acceptable biometrics, because humans use it in their visual interactions and acquiring face images is non-intrusive. We present a new face authentication algorithm in this paper. Our achievement is two-fold. One is to present a face authentication algorithm with low memory requirement, which uses support vector machines (SVM) with the feature set extracted by genetic algorithms (GA). The other contribution is to suggest a method to reduce further, if needed, the amount of memory required in the authentication at the expense of verification rate by changing a controllable system parameter for a feature set size. Given a pre-defined amount of memory, this capability is quite effective to mount our algorithm on memory-constrained devices. The experimental results on various databases show that our face authentication algorithm with SVM whose input vectors consist of discriminating features extracted by GA has much better performance than the algorithm without feature selection process by GA has, in terms of accuracy and memory requirement. Experiment also shows that the number of the feature ttl be selected is controllable by a system parameter.
Polarization-Independent Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor (1991)

Polarization-induced fading is an important problem which affects both coherent communications and interferometric sensor systems. In coherent communications, several schemes have been used to overcome the effect, including automatic polarization tracking [1] and polarization diversity detection schemes [2]. In interferometric sensors, polarization induced fading and input polarization-induced phase-noise [3,4] are problems which may affect the practical applicability of these sensors in a number of areas. Here also, various polarization control and diversity schemes have been devised to overcome the effect. Recent work by Pistoni and Martinelli [5] has demonstrated a technique for the compensation of birefringence effects in a length of fiber which is retraced by an optical beam. The basis of operation of the technique is the use of a ‘Faraday rotator mirror’ (FRM) to reflect the optical signal back along the fiber path. Potentially, this is a very useful technique for providing passive, polarization-independent operation of a fiber interferometer based on a reflective configuration. This paper reports the demonstration of such a system using a Michelson interferometer configuration.
19-core multi core fiber to realize high density space division multiplexing transmission (2012)

19-core multi core fiber which has 10 times higher core density than 250μm coated SMF was realized. Each core was located on the three layered hexagonal grid in the 200μm cladding keeping low crosstalk properties.
Optical and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Composite Optical Ceramics (2009)

Abstract : SUMMARY: MgO:Y2O3 based nanocomposite ceramics have been developed using traditional ceramic processing routes and demonstrated: - Sapphire equivalent mechanical durability - Yttria equivalent MWIR optical transparency * New nanocomposite material systems show potential for greater mechanical durability with inherently more durable crystallographic phases. * More energetic fabrication techniques are showing promise for refined microstructures and improved mechanical properties.
Multi-attribute combined mutual information (MACMI): An image registration framework for leveraging multiple data channels (2010)

We present a novel methodological framework for leveraging multiple image sources, including different modalities, acquisition protocols or image features, in the registration of more than two images via information theoretic data fusion. The technique, referred to as multi-attribute combined mutual information (MACMI), adopts a multivariate application of mutual information (MI) to allow several coregistered images to be represented as a single high dimensional multi-attribute image. Our approach improves scenarios involving registration of multiple images as it, (1) utilizes all aligned images obtained in earlier registration steps, (2) improves alignment accuracy compared with pairwise approaches that only consider two images (and hence a fraction of the available data) at a time, and (3) avoids complex optimization problems often associated with fully-groupwise methods. For example, if two coregistered volumes such as T2-weighted and PD-weighted MRI are to be aligned with PET, it is intuitively better to use information from both MR protocols instead of choosing one for registration with PET. In the automated elastic registration of 20 corresponding multiprotocol (T1, T2, PD) synthetic MRI images of the brain with known misalignment of PD MRI, MACMI showed significant improvement in terms of deformation field error over conventional MI-based pairwise registration (p <; 0.05). For a total of 108 corresponding whole-mount histology (WMH), T2 MRI, and DCE (T1) MRI images obtained from 17 prostate specimens with cancer, elastic registration of WMH to bothMRI protocols simultaneously was performed viaMACMI. Improved alignment in terms of prostate overlap and cancer localization was observed using MACMI, compared to pairwise registration of WMH to the individual T2 and DCE MR protocols.
Tissue Distribution and Metabolism of the [ <sup>32</sup> P]-Labeled Oligodeoxynucleoside Methylphosphonate-Neoglycopeptide Conjugate, [YEE(ah-GalNAc) <sub>3</sub> ]-SMCC-AET-pU <sup>m</sup> p <u>T</u> <sub>7</sub> , in the Mouse (1997)

Development of oligodeoxynucleotides (oligo-dNs) and their analogs as therapeutic agents is complicated by their low rate of transport across cellular membranes, which is required for interaction with the intracellular complementary nucleic acid sequences, and the lack of tissue-specific delivery. To overcome these obstacles, bioconjugates between cell surface receptor ligands and oligodeoxynucleoside methylphosphonates (oligo-MPs) have been constructed containing homogeneous, chemically defined covalent linkages. We have previously established that a model conjugate, [32P]-labeled [YEE(ah-GalNAc)3]-SMCC-AET-pUmpT7 (1), is delivered to Hep G2 cells in a ligand-specific manner, reaching a peak value of 26 pmol per 10(6) cells after 24 hours incubation at 37 degrees C (Hangeland et al., 1995). In this work, the in vivo behavior of this conjugate is explored. Administration of this conjugate to mice via tail vein injection demonstrates rapid uptake in liver to the extent of 69.9 +/- 9.9% of the injected dose after 15 minutes. Thereafter, the conjugate and its metabolites are rapidly cleared via the kidney and urine. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of extracts of Hep G2 cells and mouse liver reveal the conjugate 1 to be extensively metabolized. In contrast, the conjugate found in mouse urine is largely intact. These data show that this novel, biodegradable delivery vehicle represents a viable approach for the delivery of antisense oligo-MPs and other oligo-dN analogs to the liver for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Inertial Measurement Unit for On-Machine Diagnostics of Machine Tool Linear Axes (2016)

Machine tools degrade during operations, yet knowledge of degradation is elusive; accurately detecting degradation of machines’ components such as linear axes is typically a manual and time-consuming process. Thus, manufacturers need automated, efficient, and robust methods to diagnose the condition of their machine tool linear axes with minimal disruptions to production. Towards this end, a method was developed to use data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for identification of changes in the translational and angular errors due to axis degradation. The IMU-based method uses data from accelerometers and rate gyroscopes to identify changes in linear and angular errors due to axis degradation. A linear axis testbed, established for the purpose of verification and validation, revealed that the IMU-based method was capable of measuring geometric errors with acceptable test uncertainty ratios. Specifically, comparison of the IMU-based and laser-based results demonstrate that the IMU-based method is capable of detecting micrometer-level and microradian-level degradation of linear axes. Consequently, an IMU was created for application of the IMU-based method on a machine tool as a proof of concept for detection of linear axis error motions. If the data collection and analysis are integrated within a machine controller, the process may be streamlined for the optimization of maintenance activities and scheduling, supporting more intelligent decision-making by manufacturing personnel and the development of self-diagnosing smart machine tools.
Junction Yield Analysis for 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard Devices (2014)

Analysis of the Josephson junction yield in the National Institute of Standards and Technology 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) has been performed by fabricating and measuring over 25 million Nb/Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> /Nb junctions. Using the 265 116 junctions per PJVS device, it was possible to measure Shapiro steps on current voltage curves and then estimate the number of single-junction defects within these long arrays. By comparing the results of a quantum-based measurement to a model simulating junction defects, the quantity and magnitude of a small number of junction defects can be estimated from an array of many thousands of junctions. Understanding the source of junction defects in the fabrication process is important for maximizing yield and uniformity, both of which directly relate to the current margin of the quantized voltage step. We have recently fabricated 18 imperfect but usable PJVS devices and 16 that were free from defects, many with n = 1 Shapiro step margins approximately equal to 2 mA. The best of these wafers had a junction defect density of around 3 in a million.
Current Status of and Future Perspectives in Bacterial Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene (2020)

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one the main pollutants belonging to the high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) class and its degradation by microorganisms remains an important strategy for its removal from the environment. Extensive studies have been carried out on the isolation and characterisation of microorganisms that can actively degrade low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs), and to a certain extent, the HMW-PAH pyrene. However, so far, limited work has been carried out on BaP biodegradation. BaP consists of five fused aromatic rings, which confers this compound a high chemical stability, rendering it less amenable to biodegradation. The current review summarizes the emerging reports on BaP biodegradation. More specifically, work carried out on BaP bacterial degradation and current knowledge gaps that limit our understanding of BaP degradation are highlighted. Moreover, new avenues of research on BaP degradation are proposed, specifically in the context of the development of "omics" approaches.
Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Single Recombinant Polypeptides that Combine Features of SP-B and SP-C (2021)

Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with surfactant replacement therapy in prematurely born infants was introduced more than 30 years ago; however, the surfactant preparations currently in clinical use are extracts from animal lungs. A synthetic surfactant that matches the currently used nature-derived surfactant preparations and can be produced in a cost-efficient manner would enable worldwide treatment of neonatal RDS and could also be tested against lung diseases in adults. The major challenge in developing fully functional synthetic surfactant preparations is to recapitulate the properties of the hydrophobic lung surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and SP-C. Here, we have designed single polypeptides that combine properties of SP-B and SP-C and produced them recombinantly using a novel solubility tag based on spider silk production. These Combo peptides mixed with phospholipids are as efficient as nature-derived surfactant preparations against neonatal RDS in premature rabbit fetuses.
Validation of Urine-based Gene Classifiers for Detecting Bladder Cancer in a Chinese Study (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Current standard methods used to detect and monitor bladder cancer (BC) are invasive or have low sensitivity. We have previously reported in an international European study four non-invasive tests for BC diagnosis based on the gene expression patterns of urine. <b>Objective:</b> to validate the tests in an independent Asian cohort. <b>Design, setting and participants:</b> Prospective blinded study in which consecutive voided urine samples from BC patients and controls (n=520) were collected in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2014-2016. Gene expression values were quantified using TaqMan Arrays. The same cut-off as previously reported for discrimination between tumours and controls was used in this validation study. <b>Results and limitations:</b> Finally, a total of 257 tumour and 132 control urine samples were analysed. We found a high accuracy for the four gene classifiers in this independent Asian set, the classifiers composed of 5 and 10 genes achieved the best sensitivity (80.54% and 81.32%, respectively) maintaining a high specificity (91.67% and 85.61%, respectively). Sensitivity of 5-gene (GS_D5) and 10-gene (GS_D10) expression classifiers in recurrent BC cases (78 and 79%, respectively) is comparable to that of primary BC cases (82%). Cytology and NMP22 identified 67% and 40%, respectively, of tumours that have been diagnosed with our tests. In addition, influence of each studied gene was analyzed and showed similar gene rank between Chinese and Caucasian population. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study proves that our non-invasive diagnostic BC tests can be reproduced in independent cohorts and in an external laboratory. All the four gene classifiers have shown equal or superior performance to the current gold standard in the present and previously reported validation studies. Consequently, they may be taken for consideration as molecular tests applicable to clinical practice in the management of BC. <b>Patient summary:</b> Our gene classifiers achieve sensitivities up to 90% in HR NMIBC and MIBC patients, while this achievement is comparatively lower in LR NMIBC ones.
Reduced-complexity sequence detection for E/sup 2/PR4 magnetic recording channel (2003)

Hardware complexity required for the implementation of E/sup 2/PR4 magnetic read channel results in slower operation and increased area and power consumption. The Viterbi (1967) sequence detector for E/sup 2/PR4 channel requires 16 states that could be realized as an array of 16 single step or two-step add-compare-select units. The method presented here reduces the complexity of the two-step implementation of the detector, by eliminating less probable branches from the trellis, using the sign of the input sample as a control value. Unlikely taken branches are dynamically eliminated from the detector, decreasing its complexity by roughly 50% with negligible penalty in signal to noise ratio. The resulting detector consists of four four-way, three three-way, three two-way ACS units and one adder that are dynamically assigned to 14 states of the detector.
Thermoacoustic excitation of sonar projector plates by free-standing carbon nanotube sheets (2014)

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) generate smooth-spectra sound over a wide frequency range (1–105 Hz) by means of thermoacoustics (TA). The protective encapsulation of CNT sheets in inert gases between rigid vibrating plates provides resonant features in the TA sound projector. The vibrational modes of plates and the compliance of the soft sealing spacers between those plates are studied with the aim of creating efficient, tunable underwater sound generation at relatively low frequencies, 10 Hz–10 kHz.
MR method for measuring microscopic histologic soft tissue textures (2021)

The data reveal textural differences not resolvable by standard MR imaging. As MRµT is a pulse sequence, it is directly translatable to MRI scanners currently in clinical practice to meet the need for further improvement in cancer imaging.
An Optimized Timer-Based Method for Feedback Control in Multicast Communication (2003)

We formulate a general method for finding the most optimal timer distribution function for stochastic feedback control in multicast systems by minimizing a user-defined cost functional, which incorporates both feedback implosion avoidance and latency constraints. We propose a novel shifted power-law timer and show through numerical analysis and simulations that it outperforms the previously proposed exponential timer (J. Nonnemacher and E.W. Biersack, IEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol 7, pp 375-386, June 1999) function. We illustrate how our method can be used to design optimized timers for feedback control in system with specific latency constraints.