gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deepwater Reservoir Modeling (2015)

This publication is intended to provide the working geologist, geophysicist, and petroleum engineer with a broad overview of the petroleum systems of deepwater settings. Deepwater depositional systems are the one type of reservoir system that cannot be easily reached, observed, and studied in the modern environment, in contrast to other siliciclastic and carbonate reservoir systems. The study of deepwater systems requires many different remote observation techniques, each of which can only provide information on one part of the entire depositional system. As a consequence, the study and understanding of deepwater depositional systems as reservoirs has lagged behind that of the other reservoir systems, whose modern processes are more easily observed and documented. For this reason, geoscientists use an integrated approach, working in interdisciplinary teams with multiple data types. The types of data used in the study of deepwater deposits include: outcrop studies, 2D and 3D seismic-reflection data (both for shallow and deep resolution), cores, conventional and specialized log suites, biostratigraphy, and well test and production information. These data sets are routinely incorporated into computer reservoir modeling programs for production performance simulation and forecasting. Technologies for deepwater exploration and development are improving rapidly. The intent of this publication is to provide information that will be usable even as the technologies advance beyond what we present here.
Retrieving atmospheric turbulence information from regular commercial aircraft using Mode-S and ADS-B (2016)

Abstract. Navigational information broadcast by commercial aircraft in the form of Mode-S EHS (Mode-S Enhanced Surveillance) and ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast) messages can be considered a new source of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric turbulence estimates. A set of three processing methods is proposed and analysed using a quality record of turbulence encounters made by a research aircraft.The proposed methods are based on processing the vertical acceleration or the background wind into the eddy dissipation rate. Turbulence intensity can be estimated using the standard content of the Mode-S EHS/ADS-B.The results are based on a Mode-S EHS/ADS-B data set generated synthetically based on the transmissions from the research aircraft. This data set was validated using the overlapping record of the Mode-S EHS/ADS-B received from the same research aircraft. The turbulence intensity, meaning the eddy dissipation rate, obtained from the proposed methods based on the Mode-S EHS/ADS-B is compared with the value obtained using on-board accelerometer. The results of the comparison indicate the potential of the methods. The advantages and limitation of the presented approaches are discussed.
Tetraphenylphosphonium carboxylates and sulfonates. Synthesis and structure (2009)

The reaction of the pentaphenyphosphorus solvate Ph5P·1/2PhH (I) with carboxylic and sulfonic acids was used to synthesize tetraphenylphosphonium carboxylates Ph4POC(O)R, R = C6H4(2-OH) (II), C6H4 (2-COOH) (III), H (IV), Me (V), CCl3 (VI), Ph (VII), PhCH=CH (VIII), CH2CH2C(O)OH (IX), CH=CHC(O) OH(X), and CH2C(O)OH (XI) and tetraphenylphosphonium sulfonates Ph4POSO2Ar, Ar = Ph (XII), C6H4Me4 (XIII), and C6H3(-COOH)(4-OH) (XIV). Compound XII was also prepared from compound I and SO3 in benzene. According to X-ray diffraction data, the crystals of I contain two types of crystallographically independent molecules with a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal configuration [Ia, CaxPCax 178.44(8)°, P- Cax 1.985(2), 1.987(2) Å, P-Ceq 1.854(2), 1.846(2), 1.840(2) Å; Ib, CaxPCax 178.45(9)°, P-Cax 1.980(2), 1.975 (2) Å, P-Ceq 1.840(2), 1.846(2), 1.854(2) Å]. In the cations of compounds II, III and XIV, the coordination of the phosphorus atom is tetrahedral [CPC angle: II, 106.2(2)−111.6(1)°; III, 104.01(6)−113.03(6)°; XIV, 107.54 (6)−112.79(6)°]; the anions contain intramolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl hydrogen atom and carboxyl oxygen atom (II, 1.34; III, 1.23; and XIV, 1.83 Å).
How gassy noncoal mines can simulate methane flow (1984)

Methane gas hazards exist in a number of US noncoal mines. While the mechanism by which methane is emitted into a noncoal mine may vary according to the type of mine, large emissions of methane are usually associated with face blasting. Most of the Louisiana salt mines have experienced gas outbursts in face areas during blasting. It is estimated that some of these outbursts may involve as much as several million cubic feet of gas, some of which is methane. SF/sub 6/ tracer gas can be used to simulate large-volume flows of methane gas from face areas through return airways. The information obtained can give guidelines for selecting methane monitor locations and for deciding where permissible equipment is needed. However, because airflow patterns are different for every mine situation, test results from a particular location should be applied only to that location.
A package of primary health care services for comprehensive family‐centred HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs in low‐income settings (2009)

Particularly in resource-limited settings, HIV/AIDS is a family concern. Separate services for children and adults may make accessing care more difficult for families than services where family members can be cared for together. Implicit in comprehensive, family-centred approaches to care are the broader notions of longitudinal primary care and linkages to other services, including those based in communities. As highly-active antiretroviral therapy becomes more available, and the direct burden of HIV-associated morbidity diminishes, HIV-infected individuals require primary care that goes beyond exclusive management of HIV and related conditions, including preventive services and the management of common medical issues. The prevention of tuberculosis, diarrhoea, and, in endemic regions, malaria; the addressing of debilitating depression; cervical screening; and the management of chronic cardiovascular disease and its risk factors are all of benefit to patients accessing HIV/AIDS care. Packaging such services is an effective means both of standardizing care within a program and of ensuring patients receives a full roster of available interventions. As family-centred care models develop in resource-limited settings, the availability of evidence-based service packages such as presented here will help program designers prioritize available human and materiel resources toward those interventions that improve patients' global health and well being.
Evaluation of Ground Speed Sensing Devices under Varying Ground Surface Conditions (2005)

Ground speed data is used as an input to automated control systems for application ofhigh cost farm inputs. The benefits of accurate ground speed information are precise control ofplanting / spraying operations, accurate position detection, and implement performance optimization.Presently, radar ground speed measurement systems are commonly used due to reasonable costand acceptable accuracy. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the issues relatedto ground speed measurements under varying vegetative covers and ground conditions. Empiricalfield observations indicate that radar ground speed measurements show increased error as cropvegetative cover / height increases. A low cost GPS based ground velocity sensor has recently beendeveloped, and that system was compared to the other speed sensors. These systems werecompared to a reference (true) ground speed. The experimental study included instrumentation of atractor with speed sensors and a data acquisition system. Preliminary speed measurements werecollected for varying vegetative covers of different crop heights and were evaluated to determiningany deviations of radar speed measurements as compared to the reference speed. Results includedvalidation of GPS and radar data for true ground speed measurements in terms of their accuracy.
Fluid simulation (2006)

These course notes are designed to give you a practical introduction to fluid simulation for graphics. The field of fluid dynamics, even just in animation, is vast and so not every topic will be covered. The focus of these notes is animating fully three-dimensional incompressible flow, from understanding the math and the algorithms to actual implementation. However, we will include a small amount of material on heightfield simplifications which are important for real-time animation.In general the approach is to make things as simple as possible, but no simpler. Constructing a fluid solver for computer animation is not the easiest thing in the world--there end up being a lot of little details that need attention-- but is perhaps easier than it may appear from surveying the literature. We will also provide pointers to some more advanced topics here and there.
The sumoylation pathway is dysregulated in multiple myeloma and is associated with adverse patient outcome (2009)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that proceeds through a premalignant state of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance; however, the molecular events responsible for myelomagenesis remain uncharacterized. To identify cellular pathways deregulated in MM, we addressed that sumoylation is homologous to ubiquitination and results in the attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein Sumo onto target proteins. Sumoylation was markedly enhanced in MM patient lysates compared with normal plasma cells and expression profiling indicated a relative induction of sumoylation pathway genes. The Sumo-conjugating enzyme Ube2I, the Sumo-ligase PIAS1, and the Sumo-inducer ARF were elevated in MM patient samples and cell lines. Survival correlated with expression because 80% of patients with low UBE2I and PIAS1 were living 6 years after transplantation, whereas only 45% of patients with high expression survived 6 years. UBE2I encodes the sole Sumo-conjugating enzyme in mammalian cells and cells transfected with a dominant-negative sumoylation-deficient UBE2I mutant exhibited decreased survival after radiation exposure, impaired adhesion to bone marrow stroma cell and decreased bone marrow stroma cell-induced proliferation. UBE2I confers cells with multiple advantages to promote tumorigenesis and predicts decreased survival when combined with PIAS1. The sumoylation pathway is a novel therapeutic target with implications for existing proteasomal-based treatment strategies.
A passive assembly device for the speedy assembly of pegs in holes (1981)

A system has been devised for the fast assembly of pegs in holes using a guiding frame which has four degress of freedom and which is separated from the insertion actuator.
Highly ordered mesoporous carbon nanofiber arrays from a crab shell biological template and its application in supercapacitors and fuel cells (2010)

Mesoporous carbons with large uniform pore sizes and high surface areas are of great interest due to their potential applications in electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs), hydrogen storage, separation and catalysis. Here, we report a facile synthesis approach to highly ordered mesoporous carbon nanofiber arrays (MCNAs) by combining surfactant-templating self-assembly of organic resols with a natural crab shell hard-templating process. The obtained materials consist of a mesoporous carbon nanofiber (70 nm in mean diameter and 11 nm in mesopore), an interspacing void of 70 nm between nanofibers, and 1 micrometre of pores between nanofiber arrays. The unique structure (ordered mesopores, macroporous voids and partially graphitic framework) provides a more favorable path for electrolyte penetration and transportation, good electronic conductivity, as well as possess a large specific surface area (1270 m2 g−1) and more vacancies or defects in a graphite plane, which facilitate uniform distribution of metal nanoparticles and a synergistic effect between the nanoparticles and MCNAs, and give rise to promising electrocatalytic activity as a supporting medium for Pt in direct methanol fuel cells. The resultant materials also have excellent capacitive performance for supercapacitor application.
Identification and characterization of antigens as vaccine candidates against<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (2013)

Nosocomial infections, also called "hospital acquired infections," occur worldwide and affect both developed and resource-poor countries, thus having a major impact on their health care systems. Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen, is responsible for causing pneumonia, urinary tract infections and septicemia in immune compromised hosts such as neonates. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine or mAb available for prophylactic or therapeutic use against K. pneumoniae infections. For this reason, we sought for a protein-based subunit vaccine capable of combating K. pneumoniae infections, by applying our ANTIGENome technology for the identification of potential vaccine candidates, focusing on conserved protein antigens present in strains with different serotypes. We identified numerous novel immunogenic proteins using genomic surface display libraries and human serum antibodies from donors exposed to or infected by K. pneumoniae. Vaccine candidate antigens were finally selected based on animal protection in a murine lethal-sepsis model. The protective and highly conserved antigens identified in this study are promising candidates for the development of a protein-based vaccine to prevent infection by K. pneumoniae.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Food Additive Based on Polymeric Nanoparticles for Controlled Delivery of Antioxidant Extracts (2016)

Background: Advances in nanotechnology have enabled new strategies for transport, controlled deliver, preservation and increases in stability of degradable biomolecules. Nanoparticles have been developed for alimentary porpoises, using a great diversity of raw materials. Poly(lactide-coglicolide) acid (PLGA) a biodegradable polyester, has been used extensively as a controlled delivery platform for a great variety of biomolecules and drugs. Methods: Extracts from Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris were obtained and characterized, PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method and loaded with antioxidant extracts. Finally, antioxidant- loaded nanoparticles were incorporated into a film-forming solution and antioxidant release were tested in a meal preparation. Results: Antioxidant-loaded nanoparticles (300 – 500 nm), were prepared with adequate stability. Encapsulation efficiency showed a mean value of 67.4 % for bean and 41 % for corn extracts. IR-FT provided information about nanoparticle formation and encapsulation. Kinetic release of antioxidants demonstrate a prolonged delivery of phenolic compounds from nanoparticles (< 60 h). In situ test showed the functionality of PLGA-NP as food additive for controlled release of antioxidants. Conclusion: Antioxidant encapsulation and loading efficiency in PLGA matrix, produce a stable nanostructure with adequate characteristics for sustained and controlled release, with a great variety of possible applications as an alimentary additive. Keywords: Food additives, nanoparticles, Poly(lactide-co-glicolide), Antioxidants extracts, Phaseolus vulgaris, Zea mays.
P‐25: Top Gate Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O Thin Film Transistors Fabricated on Soda–Lime–Silica Glass Substrates (2014)

Abstract This work presents a comparative analysis of top gate a‐IGZO TFTs fabricated on both soda‐lime‐silica glass and alkali‐free borosilicate glass. Low‐temperature ALD is selected for the deposition of gate dielectric to minimize a thermal stress. Comparing with TFTs on alkali‐free borosilicate glass, TFTs with soda‐lime‐glass show similar threshold voltage and sub‐threshold swing, but slightly degraded effective mobility, stability and uniformity. The results of atomic force measurements are provided to explain the uniformity degradation.
Spatio-/spectro-temporal pattern recognition using evolving probabilistic spiking neural networks (2013)

Video and audio information is spatio- or spectro-(sound/frequency) temporal in nature and processing of such complex Spatio/Spectro Temporal Data (SSTD) is a challenging task in the machine learning domain. SSTD contains both the spatial (space) and temporal (time) components and most often both these two components are highly correlated.\n\nDue to the existence of high correlations between these two components, it is essential to process them together. However, many of the existing computational methods either process spatial and temporal components separately, or processing them together then the significant correlation information present in the SSTD is not considered. Comparatively, the brain is capable of performing such tasks in a fast and robust manner. Inspired by the innate cognitive functions of our brain, the proposed study investigates how various biological and cognitive aspects such as learning, evolution and neural information processing tasks can be applied to our computational model. We have shown that this enables efficient data acquisition, processing and learning of complex video and audio patterns thereby resulting in improved classification performance.\n\nThis thesis proposes novel frameworks and classification methods employing a class of evolving spiking neural networks (eSNN) called dynamic evolving spiking neural networks (deSNN) along with reservoir computing. In our study, we have shown that using the proposed frameworks results in (1) better classification performance when compared to standalone spiking neural network classifiers such as eSNN, (2) better understanding of the data and the problem being solved, (3) faster SSTD processing due to the online one-pass spike-based computational approaches. \n\nAll the frameworks and methods proposed in this thesis have been evaluated on synthetic and real world problems. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the new methodology, initially a pilot experiment has been performed as a benchmark test using a synthetic video dataset, followed by experiments on real world problems relating to motion and sound such as human action recognition and heart sound recognition.
Conversion of Alkyl Chlorides to Bromides, Selective Reactions of Mixed Bromochloroalkanes, and Halogen Exchange (1976)

Abstract Primary alkyl chlorides are quantitatively converted to their corresponding bromides in the presence of ethyl bromide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and a catalytic amount of metal bromide. A variety of chlorides can be converted. Selective functionalization at bromine of several primary bromochloroalkanes was studied in conjunction with the chloride-bromide conversion for multistep syntheses. Methods for halogen exchange between chloride, bromide, and iodide in the octyl halide series are presented.
The study of G6PD in erythrocyte and lens in senile and presenile cataract. (1992)

The G6PD activity of erythrocytes in 113 male patients with senile and presenile cataract and 86 controls, and G6PD activity of lens in 30 patients with senile cataract and 42 controls were reported. The cataractous group had higher frequency of G6PD deficiency and lower average G6PD level in erythrocytes and lenses, but without statistical significance. The frequency of G6PD deficiency of erythrocytes in presenile cataractous group was higher than that of senile cataractous group but with no statistical significance too. However, the average G6PD level of erythrocytes in presenile cataractous group was lower than that of senile cataractous group and with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The G6PD activity of lenses only presenile in the cortex and have a positive correlation with that of erythrocytes. There was a case with deficiency of G6PD both of erythrocytes and cataractous lenses in both eyes. The results indicate that the deficiency of G6PD might be one of the cataractous pathogenetic factor for presenile cataract. Measurement of G6PD activity of erythrocytes among population might be of significance in finding the risk factor for cataract.
Global Sparse Momentum SGD for Pruning Very Deep Neural Networks (2019)

Deep Neural Network (DNN) is powerful but computationally expensive and memory intensive, thus impeding its practical usage on resource-constrained frontend devices. DNN pruning is an approach for deep model compression, which aims at eliminating some parameters with tolerable performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a novel momentum-SGD-based optimization method to reduce the network complexity by on-the-fly pruning. Concretely, given a global compression ratio, we categorize all the parameters into two parts at each training iteration which are updated using different rules. In this way, we gradually zero out the redundant parameters, as we update them using only the ordinary weight decay but no gradients derived from the objective function. As a departure from prior methods that require heavy human works to tune the layer-wise sparsity ratios, prune by solving complicated non-differentiable problems or finetune the model after pruning, our method is characterized by 1) global compression that automatically finds the appropriate per-layer sparsity ratios; 2) end-to-end training; 3) no need for a time-consuming re-training process after pruning; and 4) superior capability to find better winning tickets which win the initialization lottery.
Genetics: Testicular sperm recovery in nine 47,XXY Klinefelter patients (1996)

Klinefelter's syndrome is generally characterized by hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and azoospermia. The clinical features, however, are variable, and occasionally severe oligozoospermia may be present. Usually in these cases a 46,XY/47,XXY mosaic karyotype is involved. However, focal spermatogenesis and severe oligozoospermia have been reported in 47,XXY individuals too. In the present study we investigated whether testicular spermatozoa can be recovered in 47,XXY patients with a view to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In four out of nine apparently non-mosaic 47,XXY patients, spermatozoa were recovered from the wet preparations of testicular tissue and ICSI was performed in three couples. In one patient in whom spermatozoa were successfully recovered and used for ICSI, no spermatozoa were retrieved at a second trial. Although these results show that in some 47,XXY individuals testicular spermatozoa can be successfully recovered and even used for ICSI, at present this approach should be considered experimental. There may indeed be some concern about the chromosomal normality of the embryos generated through this infertility treatment. Patients with Klinefelter's syndrome should therefore be counselled about the complexity of this treatment, which involves multiple testicular biopsies from hypogonadal testes, ICSI and preimplantation diagnosis by fluorescence-in-situ hybridization.
Pressure-Induced Infiltration of Aqueous Solutions of Multiple Promoters in a Nanoporous Silica (2006)

By applying an external pressure, an aqueous solution of promoters can be forced into a hydrophobic nanoporous silica gel. The promoter molecule demands a free volume several times larger than itself to enter the nanoenvironment. The free volume size is a function of the promoter concentration. If more than one promoter is used, the system behavior does not follow the principle of superposition. These results have important relevance to intelligent absorption and adsorption, programmable catalysis, and so on.