gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidaure: a research project in medical image analysis, simulation, and robotics at INRIA (2003)

Epidaure is the name of a research project launched in 1989 at INRIA Rocquencourt, close to Paris, France. The research directions of the project were progressively defined around the following topics: volumetric image segmentation, three-dimensional (3-D) shape modeling, image registration, motion analysis, morphometry, and surgery simulation. The author describes and illustrates some of the contributions of the Epidaure team on these different topics.
Characterization of a Cluster of Three Glycosyltransferase Enzymes Essential for <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> Lipooligosaccharide Assembly (2005)

Moraxella catarrhalis isolates express lipooligosaccharide (LOS) molecules on their surface, which share epitopes similar to that of the Neisseria and Haemophilus species. These common LOS epitopes have been implicated in various steps of pathogenesis for the different organisms. In this study, a cluster of three LOS glycosyltransferase genes (lgt) were identified in M. catarrhalis 7169, a strain that produces a serotype B LOS. Mutants in these glycosyltransferase genes were constructed, and the resulting LOS phenotypes were consistent with varying degrees of truncation compared to wild-type LOS. The LOS structures of each lgt mutant were no longer detected by a monoclonal antibody (MAb 4G5) specific to a highly conserved terminal epitope nor by a monoclonal antibody (MAb 3F7) specific to the serotype B LOS side chain. Mass spectrometry of the LOS glycoforms assembled by two of these lgt mutants indicated that lgt1 encodes an alpha(1-2) glucosyltransferase and the lgt2 encodes a beta(1-4) galactosyltransferase. However, these structural studies could not delineate the function for lgt3. Therefore, M. catarrhalis lgt3 was introduced into a defined beta(1-4) glucosyltransferase Haemophilus ducreyi 35000glu- mutant in trans, and monoclonal antibody analysis confirmed that Lgt3 complemented the LOS defect. These data suggest that lgt3 encodes a glucosyltransferase involved in the addition of a beta(1-4)-linked glucose to the inner core. Furthermore, we conclude that this enzymatic step is essential for the assembly of the complete LOS glycoform expressed by M. catarrhalis 7169.
Comparisons of error control techniques for wireless video multicasting (2003)

This paper explores three different methods, employed separately and in combination, to improve the quality of video delivery on wireless local area networks. The approaches are: leader-driven multicast (LDM), monitoring MAC layer unicast (re)transmissions by other receivers; application-level forward error correction (FEC) using block erasure codes; negative feedback from selected receivers in the form of extra parity requests (EPR). The performance of these three methods is evaluated using both experiments on a mobile computing testbed and simulation. The results indicate that, while LDM is helpful in improving the raw packet reception rate, the combination of FEC and EPR is most effective in improving the frame delivery rate.
Simulation of spacer-based SADP (Self-Aligned Double-Patterning) for 15nm half pitch (2013)

Spacer based SADP (Self-Aligned Double Patterning) is used increasingly in IC manufacturing as design rules outstrip the resolution capabilities of traditional single exposure lithography processes. In this paper, a 15nm half pitch SADP process based upon an EUV single exposure produced mandrel is modeled using commercial simulation software (PROLITH X4.2, KLA-Tencor corp.). Good accuracy is observed when the simulated results are compared to actual experimental results. Artifacts present in the final spacer pattern are clearly traceable to the resist imaging step.
Gallium nitride MIS-HEMT using atomic layer deposited Al2O3 as gate dielectric (2012)

Metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) were fabricated with an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. The ALD-deposited Al2O3 layer served as gate dielectric under the gate electrode and as passivation layer in the access region. Different processing routes were tested and confirm that choosing the optimum order of processing steps is required to take full advantage of MIS-HEMT capabilities. Gate leakage currents as low as 2 × 10−10 A/mm at VGS = −20 V were measured. They are 4 orders of magnitude lower compared to the Schottky reference. Also, drain leakage went down to 10−8 A/mm and thus reduced by 3½ decades compared to the Schottky-type. The corresponding on/off-ratio rates 108. The subthreshold swing improved considerably from 180 mV/dec for the Schottky type to 90 mV/dec for the MIS-HEMT. Breakdown voltage is &gt;200 V for a gate-drain distance &gt;4 μm. From S-parameter measurements ft = 18 GHz and fmax = 72 GHz were extrapolated.
Persistent Accumulation of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in Dendritic Spines after Induction of NMDA Receptor-Dependent Chemical Long-Term Potentiation (2004)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a leading candidate for a synaptic memory molecule because it is persistently activated after long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and because mutations that block this persistent activity prevent LTP and learning. Previous work showed that synaptic stimulation causes a rapidly reversible translocation of CaMKII to the synaptic region. We have now measured green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CaMKIIalpha translocation into synaptic spines during NMDA receptor-dependent chemical LTP (cLTP) and find that under these conditions, translocation is persistent. Using red fluorescent protein as a cell morphology marker, we found that there are two components of the persistent accumulation. cLTP produces a persistent increase in spine volume, and some of the increase in GFP-CaMKIIalpha is secondary to this volume change. In addition, cLTP results in a dramatic increase in the bound fraction of GFP-CaMKIIalpha in spines. To further study the bound pool, immunogold electron microscopy was used to measure CaMKIIalpha in the postsynaptic density (PSD), an important regulator of synaptic function. cLTP produced a persistent increase in the PSD-associated pool of CaMKIIalpha. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CaMKIIalpha accumulation at synapses is a memory trace of past synaptic activity.
Post-marketing withdrawal of 462 medicinal products because of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review of the world literature (2016)

The original article [1] contains a minor error whereby the dates for year of first launch and year of first report of adverse reaction for iophendylate in e-Appendix Table 1 are mistakenly presented as 1946 and 1975 respectively.
14xx nm DFB InGaAsP/InP pump lasers with 500 mW CW output power for WDM combining (2002)

In conclusion, we have demonstrated 14xx nm DFB pump InGaAsP/InP ridge waveguide lasers with a record CW chip power level of 500 mW and ex-fiber or module power of 300 mW. Narrow emission line with very weak current/temperature peak position dependence allows us to use conventional wavelength multiplexing techniques to combine output of DFB pumps with different wavelengths into one SM fiber. Outputs from two 14xx nm DFB lasers with wavelengths differing by 16 nm have been combined in one SM fiber with efficiencies close to 90%, thereby producing a total 14xx nm power level of 500 mW.
Unified Medical Language System Coverage of Emergency-medicine Chief Complaints (2006)

Background Emergency department (ED) chief-complaint (CC) data increasingly are important for clinical-care and secondary uses such as syndromic surveillance. There is no widely used ED CC vocabulary, but experts have suggested evaluation of existing health-care vocabularies for ED CC. Objectives To evaluate the ED CC coverage in existing biomedical vocabularies from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). Methods The study sample included all CC entries for all visits to three EDs over one year. The authors used a special-purpose text processor to clean CC entries, which then were mapped to UMLS concepts. The UMLS match rates then were calculated and analyzed for matching concepts and nonmatching entries. Results A total of 203,509 ED visits was included. After cleaning with the text processor, 82% of the CCs matched a UMLS concept. The authors identified 5,617 unique UMLS concepts in the ED CC data, but many were used for only one or two visits. One thousand one hundred thirty-six CC concepts were used more than ten times and covered 99% of all the ED visits. The largest biomedical vocabulary in the UMLS is the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), which included concepts for 79% of all ED CC entries. However, some common CCs were not found in SNOMED CT. Conclusions The authors found that ED CC concepts are well covered by the UMLS and that the best source of vocabulary coverage is from SNOMED CT. There are some gaps in UMLS and SNOMED CT coverage of ED CCs. Future work on vocabulary control for ED CCs should build upon existing vocabularies.
Long‐term effect of<i>bifidobacteria</i>and Neosugar on precursor lesions of colonic cancer in cf1 mice (1991)

This investigation was undertaken to study the role of Bifidobacteria and bifidogenic factor Neosugar in the process of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinogenesis in CF1 mice. Intestinal colonization and selective proliferation of Bifidobacteria were achieved by oral administration of indigenous Bifidobacteria and the incorporation of 5% Neosugar in the diet of animals. The Bifidobacteria were isolated from the feces of CF1 mice and were identified to be Bifidobacterium pseudolongum biovar b. This incidence of aberrant crypts and foci were significantly lower 38 weeks after the last injection of the carcinogen in animals fed Bifidobacteria than in animals treated with the carcinogen alone. The aberrance also appeared to be confined to the more distal end of the colon in animals fed bifidogenic diet. Such changes in the precursor lesions of colonic carcinogenesis are presumably due to the increase in the number of Bifidobacteria and their acidifying action in the lower intestinal tract of the animals.
Reconstruction of the Lumbar Spine Using AO DCP Plate Internal Fixation (1989)

Augmentation of lumbar spine fusion with internal fixation using pedicle screw systems has gained wide currency because it offers rigid stabilization to foster fusion healing. The AO DCP plate has been employed in Europe as a spinal implant with pedicle fixation using 6.5 mm, full-threaded cancellous bone screws with success. This report details the experience of using this device for lumbar spine fusion in a series of 46 North American patients with a mean follow-up of 1.25 years (range 1-2.5 years). Thirty-one patients had had prior lumbar spine surgery with poor outcomes, and 15 had had no prior surgery. All were treated surgically for lumbar degenerative disease with canal decompression, internal fixation with AO plates, and fusion with autologous bone grafting posterolaterally. Complications included two early and one delayed wound infection; five cases of screw loosening; three cases of screw breakage; and three cases of screw impingement upon a nerve. Results of surgery in 17 patients with failed interbody fusion included good to excellent pain relief in 59%, and solid fusion in 76%. In 14 patients with failed posterior surgery the good to excellent pain relief rate was 79%, and the fusion rate was 86%. In 15 patients undergoing primary surgery there was 89% good to excellent pain relief and a solid fusion rate of 87%. The benefits accruing from augmentation of the fusion with internal fixation using AO DCP plates are positive and justify its continued use. Complications encountered in the early experience have been significantly reduced in subsequent series, indicating the existence of a "learning curve" effect which would mandate specific training of spinal surgeons in the technique.
Toll‐like receptors: their role in allergy and non‐allergic inflammatory disease (2002)

The human TLRs comprise an important and interesting group of receptors that regulate pathogen-related responses, and play as yet uncharacterized roles in the amplication of sterile inflammation. Signalling through these receptors, which are powerfully coupled in gene transcription processes, has powerful immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects. Exploitation of TLR signalling will probably lead to novel effective therapies for allergic disease, in the first instance through more efficient mechanisms of immunotherapy. The likelihood of adverse consequences of such treatments, though possible, may be minimized by use of conjugated vaccines.
On adaptors for wave digital filters (1975)

The adders and multipliers of a wave digital filter (WDF) can be grouped into n-port building blocks called adaptors. Various aspects concerning the realization of adaptors are discussed. These include the minimization of the number of adders, the replacement of parallel adaptors by series adaptors and vice versa, possibilities for combining ideal transformers with adaptors without requiring inverse multipliers, and the realization of adaptors with arbitrary numbers of ports by means of elementary adaptors.
Interleukin-5 in the Pathophysiology of Severe Asthma (2019)

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) exerts a central pathogenic role in differentiation, recruitment, survival, and degranulation of eosinophils. Indeed, during the last years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the powerful actions of IL-5 finalized to the induction, maintenance, and amplification of eosinophilic inflammation. Therefore, IL-5 is a suitable target for add-on biological therapies based on either IL-5 inhibition (mepolizumab, reslizumab) or blockade of its receptor (benralizumab). These modern treatments can result in being definitely beneficial for patients with severe type 2 (T2)-high eosinophilic asthma, refractory to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs such as inhaled and even systemic corticosteroids.
Augmentation of an extended Kalman filter with a neural network (2002)

This paper shows how a neural network can augment a Kalman filter by estimating initial conditions and unknown system parameters. The neural network training is done off-line, using an approach similar to multiple Kalman filters. After off-line training, real-time operation can take place using the neural network without the computational requirements of multiple Kalman filters. An example shows how the general regression neural network (GRNN) augments a Kalman filter for terminal guidance of an interceptor missile.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New cancellation technique for electromagnetic induction sensors (2005)

A new technique is presented for canceling the coupling between the coils of an electromagnetic induction sensor while using simple dipole detection coils. A secondary bucking transformer is used to cancel the coupling between the coils. The technique allows the cancellation that can be obtained using a quadrupole receive coil while maintaining the depth sensitivity and simple detection zone of a dipole coil. Simple circuit models for the sensor with some of the important parasitic effects are developed. An experimental model is developed and used to demonstrate the technique. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate more than 75 dB of cancellation up to 100 kHz and the response of the sensor to a few targets.
Pain threshold and sleep quality in women with endometriosis (2014)

Sleep quality was poorer and the pain threshold at certain body sites was lower in the group of women with endometriosis.
Mobilization of Bacteroides plasmids by Bacteroides conjugal elements (1988)

A 4.2-kilobase cryptic Bacteroides plasmid, pB8-51, is found in several colonic Bacteroides species. To determine whether pB8-51 is mobilized by any of the known Bacteroides conjugal elements, we constructed an Escherichia coli-Bacteroides shuttle vector, pVAL-1, which contains pB8-51. We constructed Bacteroides uniformis 0061 derivatives which carry pVAL-1 and various Bacteroides conjugal elements. The Bacteroides conjugal elements tested were six conjugal tetracycline resistance (Tcr) elements (which appear to be chromosomal), i.e., Tcr ERL, Tcr V479, Tcr Emr ERL, Tcr Emr 12256, Tcr Emr DOT, and Tcr Emr CEST, and the conjugal erythromycin resistance (Emr) plasmid pBF4. These Tcr conjugal elements have not been extensively characterized, except for Tcr ERL. All six Tcr elements tested mobilized pVAL-1 at high frequency (10(-3) to 10(-5)) from one Bacteroides strain to another or from a Bacteroides strain to E. coli. Pregrowth of the donors (containing one of the Tcr elements and pVAL-1) in 1 microgram of tetracycline per ml enhanced the transfer of pVAL-1 by 20- to 10,000-fold, depending on which Tcr element was present in the donor. An Ems derivative of pBF4 (pBF4 delta E2) mobilized pVAL-1 from one Bacteroides strain to another at a frequency of 10(-4) but did not mobilize pVAL-1 from a Bacteroides strain to E. coli as efficiently. Thus the Tcr conjugal elements and pBF4 recognize a mobilization region on pB8-51.
A high-throughput microscopy method for single-cell analysis of event-time correlations in nanoparticle-induced cell death (2019)

The temporal context of cell death decisions remains generally hidden in ensemble measurements with endpoint readouts. Here, we describe a method to extract event times from fluorescence time traces of cell death-related markers in automated live-cell imaging on single-cell arrays (LISCA) using epithelial A549 lung and Huh7 liver cancer cells as a model system. In pairwise marker combinations, we assess the chronological sequence and delay times of the events lysosomal membrane permeabilization, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and oxidative burst after exposure to 58 nm amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles). From two-dimensional event-time scatter plots we infer a lysosomal signal pathway at a low dose of nanoparticles (25 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>) for both cell lines, while at a higher dose (100 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>) a mitochondrial pathway coexists in A549 cells, but not in Huh7. In general, event-time correlations provide detailed insights into heterogeneity and interdependencies in signal transmission pathways.
Use of a non‐porous polyurethane membrane as a sample support for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins (1997)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) of proteins and peptides was performed on samples deposited onto non-porous ether-type polyurethane (PU) membranes. Spectra obtained using PU membranes showed that mass resolution and accuracy were equivalent to values observed using a metal target, and superior to those obtained using poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membranes. A small apparent increase in the mass of proteins and also loss of resolution were observed at very high laser irradiance due to charging, but were not observed under normal conditions. Analysis of NaCl-doped standards demonstrated that PU membranes yielded better results than a metallic target for salt-containing solutions. Relatively strong hydrophobic interactions between the proteins and peptides and the PU membrane allowed the incorporation of a washing step. This step allowed for the removal of salts and buffer components and thus provided an increase in resolution and mass accuracy. Digestion of citrate synthase (a protein of molecular weight 47 886) with trypsin was performed directly on the surface of the membrane for variable periods of time, and characteristic peptide fragments were observed by MALDI-TOFMS. Delayed extraction was used to increase the resolution and to permit more accurate mass assignments for those fragments., The use of PU membranes for MALDI-TOFMS analysis of proteins with higher molecular weights is also demonstrated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immune response of Tilapia aurea exposed to Salmonella typhimurium (1983)

Tilapia aurea showed a specific immune response to Salmonella typhimurium. S. typhimurium was introduced into the gut of T. aurea by force-feeding. S. typhimurium was isolated from the fish viscera after 15 days, but at 30 days viable cells were not detected. T. aurea had an antibody titer to S. typhimurium after 30 days which was fivefold greater than the natural background antibody titer. An elevated antibody titer was not indicative of active bacterial infection.
ESTD: an emitter switched thyristor with a diverter (1995)

In this paper we report a 600 V Emitter Switched Thyristor with a Diverter (ESTD) that incorporates a p-channel diverter adjacent to the floating emitter to improve the turn-off capability of the conventional Emitter Switched Thyristor (EST). The current saturation feature of the EST is retained in this new device. Experimental devices show a 27-50% improvement in maximum gate controllable current over the conventional EST for resistive switching, with a small penalty in forward drop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Psychological Pressure on College and University Students and Pressure Handling in Period of Social Transformation (2003)

The outward ease of college and university students has covered the huge psychological pressure they are experiencing deep in heart, which is closely related to the social transformation. The workers in the field of ideological and political education should try to understand the students' psychology and encourage them in a practical way. The psychological education of college and university students should be taken as an indispensable part of education in general, to help students out of psychological difficulties.
Catalyzed diesel particulate filter modeling (2013)

An increasing environmental concern for diesel particulate emissions has led to the development of efficient and robust diesel particulate filters (DPF). Although the main function of a DPF is to filter solid particles, the beneficial effects of applying catalytic coatings in the filter walls have been recognized. The catalyzed DPF technology is a unique type of chemical reactor in which a multitude of physicochemical processes simultaneously take place, thus complicating the tasks of design and optimization. To this end, modeling has contributed considerably in reducing the development effort by offering a better understanding of the underlying phenomena and reducing the excessive experimental efforts associated with experimental testing. A comprehensive review of the evolution and the most recent developments in DPF modeling, covering phenomena such as transport, fluid mechanics, filtration, catalysis, and thermal stresses, is presented in this article. A thorough presentation on the mathematical model formulation is given based on literature references and the differences between modeling approaches are discussed. Selected examples of model application and validation versus the experimental data are presented.