gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size-controllable memory reduction scheme of storing reference frames at H.264/AVC under I, P and B (2010)

In H.264/AVC, multiple reference frames are adopted to enhance inter-predictive coding efficiency of motion estimation/compensation. However, memory cost is also increased with the number of used reference frames. This work presents a size-controllable memory reduction method to accommodate multiple reference frames at a limited memory size. This scheme is to store some of Macro-Blocks (MBs) as compressed data from their partially decoded bit streams, and the other as the reconstructed data. An effective compromise mechanism between amounts of compressed and reconstructed data is developed to meet the memory constraint by minimizing the computation required. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can make a good use of constrained memory to store multiple reference frames of H.264/AVC at I, P and B. As compared to the conventional methods, the proposed method can easily adapt to the amount of the constrained memory, above 95% usage rate, and yield around 3~6 dB improvement on PSNR at fair computation cost.
Sound reproducing device driven by a constant torque pull string type spring and started by selective starter rods for playing multiple record grooves (1987)

First Page
Reduced Contact Duty Cycle to Reduce Loss in Distributed-Feedback Interband Cascade Lasers (2016)

Threshold current densities for single-mode cw operation at room temperature were lowest and slope efficiencies highest for DFB interband cascade lasers with top contacts covering only a fraction of the ridge surface.
Protein N-glycosylation in eukaryotic microalgae and its impact on the production of nuclear expressed biopharmaceuticals (2014)

Microalgae are currently used for the production of food compounds. Recently, few microalgae species have been investigated as potential biofactories for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Indeed in this context, microalgae are cheap, classified as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) organisms and can be grown easily. However, problems remain to be solved before any industrial production of microalgae-made biopharmaceuticals. Among them, post-translational modifications of the proteins need to be considered. Especially, N-glycosylation acquired by the secreted recombinant proteins is of major concern since most of the biopharmaceuticals are N-glycosylated and it is well recognized that glycosylation represent one of their critical quality attribute. Therefore, the evaluation of microalgae as alternative cell factory for biopharmaceutical productions thus requires to investigate their N-glycosylation capability in order to determine to what extend it differs from their human counterpart and to determine appropriate strategies for remodeling the microalgae glycosylation into human-compatible oligosaccharides. Here, we review the secreted recombinant proteins which have been successfully produced in microalgae. We also report on recent bioinformatics and biochemical data concerning the structure of glycans N-linked to proteins from various microalgae phyla and comment the consequences on the glycan engineering strategies that may be necessary to render those microalgae-made biopharmaceuticals compatible with human therapy.
Single and double-quantum multidimensional coherent spectroscopy using frequency combs (2018)

We present a novel experimental approach of multidimensional coherent spectroscopy using frequency combs. We demonstrate its capabilities for probing weak many-body interactions as well as its applications for rapid and high resolution chemical sensing.
Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of α-Nucleosides:  <scp>d</scp>- and <scp>l</scp>-Isomers of Lyxofuranosyl- and (5-Deoxylyxofuranosyl)benzimidazoles (1998)

Several 2-substituted alpha-D- and alpha-L-lyxofuranosyl and 5-deoxylyxofuranosyl derivatives of 5,6-dicholro-2-(isopropylamino)-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazole (1263W94) and 2,5,6-trichloro-1(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (TCRB) were synthesized and evaluated for activity against two herpesviruses (HSV-1 and HCMV) and for their cytotoxicity against HFF and KB cells. Condensation of 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-L-lyxofuranose (2a) with 2,5,6-trichlorobenzimidazole (1) yielded the alpha-nucleoside 3a. The 2-bromo derivative and 2-methylamino derivative were prepared by treatment of 3a with HBr followed by deprotection or from methylamine, respectively. Compound 3a was deprotected and the resultant nucleoside used to prepare the 2-cyclopropylamino and 2-isopropylamino derivatives. The 2-alkylthio nucleosides were prepared by condensing 2a with 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole-2-thione followed by deprotection. Alkylation of this adduct gave the 2-methylthio and 2-benzylthio derivatives. Condensation of 5-deoxy-1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-L-lyxofuranosyl, prepared from L-lyxose, with 1 or 2-bromo-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole (15), followed by deprotection, gave the 2-chloro or 2-bromo-5'-deoxylyxo-furanosyl derivative, respectively. The cyclopropylamino derivative was prepared from the 2-chloro derivative. All D-isomers were prepared in an analogous fashion from D-lyxose. Either compounds were inactive against HSV-1 or weak activity was poorly separated from cytotoxicity. In contrast, the 2-halogen derivatives in both the alpha-lyxose and 5-deoxy-alpha-lyxose series were active against the Towne strain of HCMV. The 5-deoxy alpha-L analogues were the most active, IC50's = 0.2-0.4 microM, plaque assay; IC90's = 0.2-2 microM, yield reduction assay. All of the 2-isopropylamino or 2-cyclopropylamino derivatives were less active (IC50's = 60-100 microM, plaque assay; IC90's = 17-100 microM, yield reduction assay) and were not cytotoxic. The methylamino, thio, and methylthio derivatives were neither active nor cytotoxic. The benzylthio derivatives were weakly active, but this activity was poorly separated from cytotoxicity. The alpha-lyxose L-isomers were more active in a plaque assay against the AD169 strain of HCMV compared to the Towne strain, thereby providing additional evidence of antiviral specificity.
GDR (2010)

Improving data quality is a time-consuming, labor-intensive and often domain specific operation. Existing data repair approaches are either fully automated or not efficient in interactively involving the users. We present a demo of GDR, a Guided Data Repair system that uses a novel approach to efficiently involve the user alongside automatic data repair techniques to reach better data quality as quickly as possible. Specifically, GDR generates data repairs and acquire feedback on them that would be most beneficial in improving the data quality. GDR quantifies the data quality benefit of generated repairs by combining mechanisms from decision theory and active learning. Based on these benefit scores, groups of repairs are ranked and displayed to the user. User feedback is used to train a machine learning component to eventually replace the user in deciding on the validity of a suggested repair. We describe how the generated repairs are ranked and displayed to the user in a "useful-looking" way and demonstrate how data quality can be effectively improved with minimal feedback from the user.
<title>EUV interferometry of a four-mirror ring-field EUV optical system</title> (2000)

At-wavelength, extreme ultraviolet interferometric measurements of a new, four-mirror, ring-field projection optical system have been made. Designed for operation at 13.4- nm wavelength with a 0.1 numerical aperture and a 26 mm field of view at the wafer, the nearly diffraction-limited wavefront quality of the system has been verified interferometrically. After assembly and alignment with visible-light interferometry, the optic was transported to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where the at-wavelength testing with a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer was performed. Measurement of the system wavefront at a number of points across the field of view reveals the optical performance of the system over its large, ring-field imaging area.
Advances in the growth of alkaline-Earth halide single crystals for scintillator detectors (2014)

Alkaline-earth scintillators such as strontium iodide and other alkaline-earth halides activated with divalent europium represent some of the most efficient and highest energy resolution scintillators for use as gamma-ray detectors in a wide range of applications. These applications include the areas of nuclear nonproliferation, homeland security, the detection of undeclared nuclear material, nuclear physics and materials science, medical diagnostics, space physics, high energy physics, and radiation monitoring systems for first responders, police, and fire/rescue personnel. Recent advances in the growth of large single crystals of these scintillator materials hold the promise of higher crystal yields and significantly lower detector production costs. In the present work, we describe new processing protocols that, when combined with our molten salt filtration methods, have led to advances in achieving a significant reduction of cracking effects during the growth of single crystals of SrI<sub>2</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>. In particular, we have found that extended pumping on the molten crystalgrowth charge under vacuum for time periods extending up to 48 hours is generally beneficial in compensating for variations in the alkaline-earth halide purity and stoichiometry of the materials as initially supplied by commercial sources. These melt-pumping and processing techniques are now being applied to the purification of CaI<sub>2</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> and some mixed-anion europium-doped alkaline-earth halides prior to single-crystal growth by means of the vertical Bridgman technique. The results of initial studies of the effects of aliovalent doping of SrI<sub>2</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> on the scintillation characteristics of this material are also described.
Multifilament niobium-tin conductors (1979)

A new Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn wire fabrication method has been developed, improving wire drawing workability and superconducting properties, such as stability and ac losses. A cross section of the single filament wire consists of a niobium tube with a copper sheathed tin rod inside and high conductivity copper tube outside. These constituents show scarcely any workhardening. Wires with 54 to 295 filaments were drawn down to 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm diameter. Heat-treatment conditions to obtain the highest critical current were clarified as a function of the tin content inside the niobium tube. The effect of bend strain in Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn on the critical current was also examined for samples with different wire diameters and Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn layer thickness. Losses were measured for twisted and non-twisted samples by means of magnetization experiments. Results were compared with calculated values. It was found that the effective resistivity between Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn filaments was one order of magnitude higher than that of pure copper. A coil was constructed using a 1 km long Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn composite having 258 filaments with 1 × 2 mm cross section. The maximum field obtained was 10.65T at 236A in the 6T backing field by NbTi solenoid.
Changes in gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels during periodontal treatment and maintenance (2003)

In conclusion, clinical improvement following SRP was associated with significant reductions in MMP-8 levels. The GCF concentration of MMP-8 decreased after initial therapy but reduced even more dramatically (approximately 50%) following a 3-month period of maintenance (P < 0.001).
Modulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its signaling network for the treatment of cancer: current status and future perspectives (2013)

Based on over three decades of pre-clinical data, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling has gained recognition as a promoter of tumorogenesis, driving cell survival and proliferation in multiple human cancers. As a result, IGF-1R has been pursued as a target for cancer treatment. Early pioneering efforts targeting IGF-1R focused on highly selective monoclonal antibodies, with multiple agents advancing to clinical trials. However, despite some initial promising results, recent clinical disclosures have been less encouraging. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that IGF-1R participates in a dynamic and complex signaling network, interacting with additional targets and pathways thereof through various crosstalk and compensatory signaling mechanisms. Such mechanisms of bypass signaling help to shed some light on the decreased effectiveness of selective IGF- 1R targeted therapies (e.g. monoclonal antibodies) and suggest that targeting multiple nodes within this signaling network might be necessary to produce a more effective therapeutic response. Additionally, such findings have led to the development of small molecule IGF-1R inhibitors which also co-inhibit additional targets such as insulin receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor. Such findings have helped to guide the design rationale of numerous drug combinations that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
Recombinant Polyketide Synthesis in <i>Streptomyces</i> : Engineering of Improved Host Strains (1999)

Efficient polyketide synthesis derived from plasmid-borne heterologous Streptomyces polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters necessitates a suitable host strain. Well-characterized laboratory strains such as Streptomyces coelicolor or Streptomyces lividans and their frequently used derivatives carry endogenous genes for the synthesis of actinorhodin (among other PKS genes), which might interfere with the efficient production of extrachromosomally encoded PKS proteins and the quantitative analysis of their secreted polyketide products. To circumvent this problem, a frequently used S. coelicolor derivative, designated CH999, was engineered to lack most of the actinorhodin gene cluster. However, this strain can only be transformed with methyl-free DNA. Additionally, unlike its otherwise isogenic parent CH1, CH999 exhibits low transformation efficiencies. Here, we report the construction of two S. lividans host strains, K4-114 and K4-155. With respect to the actinorhodin gene cluster, both are genotypically identical to CH999; however, both can be transformed at considerably higher frequencies and also with methylated DNA. Upon transformation with the appropriate expression vector, CH999, K4-114 and K4-155 all produce the erythromycin precursor 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6-dEB) equally well.
An Experimental Study of GPU Acceleration for Reservoir Simulation (2013)

Abstract For the past several years the possible benefits of GPU acceleration for reservoir simulation have been the subject of intense study by many researchers. To date results have been somewhat mixed in that the promise of using hundreds of processors available on the GPU did not achieve the anticipated parallel speedups. The reasons for this are many, but the question still remained as to whether GPU acceleration could become a viable solution for reservoir simulation. To attempt to answer this question an experimental investigation of GPU acceleration was undertaken. Experimental parameters included not only simulation model size but also the number of GPUs. Models varying up to millions of gridblocks were accelerated with up to four GPUs each with hundreds of processors. A highly parallel simple linear equation solver was the main focus of the study. Results for a single GPU indicated that speedups from approximately 25-45 could be easily achieved on the GPU if attention is paid to the use of shared memory, allocation with reduced bank conflicts, warp synchronization, coalescence, and efficient use of registers. When increasing the number of GPUs from one to four, it was noted that poor scalability occurred for the smaller simulation problems due to the dominance of overhead. Finally, a unique mixed precision algorithm showed excellent promise for improving GPU performance and scalability to greater than a factor of one hundred with four GPU accelerators. The mixed precision algorithm utilized single precision for the preconditioning with orthogonal acceleration and update being performed in double precision resulting in higher processor performance and lower memory access requirements.
Micro-Mechanical Fractional Skin Rejuvenation (2013)

This novel approach to skin rejuvenation was found to effectively induce the microscopic and biological endpoints of skin rejuvenation. This may provide a new modality for the safe and cost-effective treatment of age-related rhytides, skin laxity, photodamage, scarring, and striae.
Stacked series arrays of high-T/sub c/ trilayer Josephson junctions (1995)

We report on the properties of stacked series arrays of trilayer Josephson junctions grown by atomic layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy. Trilayer Josephson junctions oriented so that the current travels in the c-axis direction have been described previously. Series arrays are made by placing more than one barrier layer in the Ba/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/-based, (2212), epitaxial structure. Single molecular layers of 2212 doped with Dy to reduce the local carrier concentration are used as barriers, and are placed very close to each other, e.g., separated by only a few molecular layers of the superconducting phase. Phase locking of a.c. Josephson currents has been observed. The critical current density of such junctions has been observed to be very uniform on wafers that are free of second phase defects, and operation up to 60 K has been obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical Sensor for Diverse Organic Vapors at ppm Concentration Ranges (2011)

A broadly responsive optical organic vapor sensor is described that responds to low concentrations of organic vapors without significant interference from water vapor. Responses to several classes of organic vapors are highlighted, and trends within classes are presented. The relationship between molecular properties (vapor pressure, boiling point, polarizability, and refractive index) and sensor response are discussed.
A novel fluorescence-based kinetic kinase assay for use with recombinant protein and cell lysates (2006)

87 Protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in signal transduction in normal and disease states. Recent advances in the development of specific protein kinase inhibitors illustrates the potential for a new generation of drugs to treat human cancers. We have adapted a novel fluorescent peptide substrate-based assay for the rapid, homogeneous and sensitive detection of the activity of a broad range of protein kinases. This assay platform uses the chelation-enhanced fluorophore 8-hydroxy-5-(N,N-dimethylsulfonamido)-2-methylquinoline (referred to as Sox), which is incorporated into the substrate peptide. A series of specific Ser/Thr and Tyr substrate peptides are utilized to measure a range of kinases covering all families of the kinome. Several key features of this assay include measurement of kinase activity under optimal kinetics, physiological (mM) ATP, and in real time without the use of radioactive tracer, beads, antibodies or specialized equipment. Importantly, activity increases result in a corresponding increase in fluorescence. Because the assay can be performed with a wide range of ATP concentrations it can be used to select for both ATP-competitive and ATP-non-competitive kinase inhibitors. We have applied this system for the analysis of multiple sample types including the determination of kinase activity of recombinant proteins and using crude cell lysates in a 96 or 384 well format. This technology, used in conjunction with phospho-specific antibody based profiling, provides a valuable set of tools for rapidly increasing our understanding of the kinome and the nature of signaling networks.
Characterization of Uncultivable Bat Influenza Virus Using a Replicative Synthetic Virus (2014)

Bats harbor many viruses, which are periodically transmitted to humans resulting in outbreaks of disease (e.g., Ebola, SARS-CoV). Recently, influenza virus-like sequences were identified in bats; however, the viruses could not be cultured. This discovery aroused great interest in understanding the evolutionary history and pandemic potential of bat-influenza. Using synthetic genomics, we were unable to rescue the wild type bat virus, but could rescue a modified bat-influenza virus that had the HA and NA coding regions replaced with those of A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1). This modified bat-influenza virus replicated efficiently in vitro and in mice, resulting in severe disease. Additional studies using a bat-influenza virus that had the HA and NA of A/swine/Texas/4199-2/1998 (H3N2) showed that the PR8 HA and NA contributed to the pathogenicity in mice. Unlike other influenza viruses, engineering truncations hypothesized to reduce interferon antagonism into the NS1 protein didn't attenuate bat-influenza. In contrast, substitution of a putative virulence mutation from the bat-influenza PB2 significantly attenuated the virus in mice and introduction of a putative virulence mutation increased its pathogenicity. Mini-genome replication studies and virus reassortment experiments demonstrated that bat-influenza has very limited genetic and protein compatibility with Type A or Type B influenza viruses, yet it readily reassorts with another divergent bat-influenza virus, suggesting that the bat-influenza lineage may represent a new Genus/Species within the Orthomyxoviridae family. Collectively, our data indicate that the bat-influenza viruses recently identified are authentic viruses that pose little, if any, pandemic threat to humans; however, they provide new insights into the evolution and basic biology of influenza viruses.
Precise radial un-distortion of images (2004)

Radial image distortion is a frequently observed defect when using wide angle, low focal length lenses. In this paper a new method for its calibration and removal is presented. An inverse distortion model is derived that is accurate to a sub-pixel level, over a broad range of distortion levels. An iterative technique for estimating the models parameters from a single view is also detailed. Results on simulated and real images clearly indicate significantly improved performance compared to existing methods.
A transputer implemented algorithm for electrical impedance tomography (1990)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) offers a non-invasive technique of great scope for producing clinically important information in a number of medical applications. Initial work by Brown used an isopotential approach to solving the complex backprojection problem. In this study a less restrictive algorithm for EIT has been developed based on the work of Yorkey and of Kaczmarz. Since considerably more processing is required this has been implemented on a transputer in Occam 2 with the aim of achieving real-time imaging. Data were collected, using a Sheffield prototype EIT system, from a test object and a human thorax. Image processing used both the 'Sheffield' and the Yorkey/Kaczmarz algorithms. Our initial results indicate that the images generated using the latter approach were more representative of the source impedance distributions.