gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Cytostatic Activity of Substituted 6-Phenylpurine Bases and Nucleosides:  Application of the Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of 6-Chloropurine Derivatives with Phenylboronic Acids (2000)

The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of protected 6-chloropurine and 2-amino-6-chloropurine bases and nucleosides with substituted phenylboronic acids led to the corresponding protected 6-(substituted phenyl)purine derivatives 6-9. Their deprotection yielded a series of substituted 6-phenylpurine bases and nucleosides 10-13. Significant cytostatic activity (IC(50) 0.25-20 micromol/L) in CCRF-CEM, HeLa, and L1210 cell lines was found for several 6-(4-X-substituted phenyl)purine ribonucleosides 12 (X = H, F, Cl, and OR), while the 6-phenylpurine and 2-amino-6-phenylpurine bases 10 and 11, as well as 2-amino-6-phenylpurine ribosides 13, were entirely inactive against these cell lines.
A Low Phase Noise Open Loop Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer With Injection Locking Digital Phase Modulator (2019)

This brief presents a two stage open loop fractional-N frequency synthesizer using proposed injection locking phase modulator for low power applications. A novel low power injection locking oscillator (ILO)-based digital phase modulator (DPM) is proposed in this brief. The maximum differential nonlinearity (DNL) of proposed DPM is smaller than 0.3 degree in the whole range with 1.6 mW power consumption. An integer-N injection locking phase locked loop (ILPLL) is designed to generate the radio frequency signals for the second stage open loop frequency synthesizer. With an injection strength adjustment unit, the open loop fractional-N frequency synthesizer employing proposed DPM achieved excellent in band phase noise and instantaneous frequency switching with low power consumption. This frequency synthesizer is fabricated on 28-nm CMOS technology and its active area is 0.08 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The output frequency range is from 320 MHz to 520 MHz and the power dissipation is 2.7 mW from 0.9 V supply in fractional-N mode. The measured RMS jitter integrated phase noise from 10 KHz to 40 MHz of 440 MHz and 440.4 MHz carrier frequency are 3.8 ps and 17.6 ps, respectively. The corresponding figure of merits (FoM) are -231 dB and -211 dB, respectively.
Suppression of IkappaBalpha increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human ciliary muscle cells. (2009)

Expression and activity of MMP-2 was enhanced by the IkappaBalpha siRNA in HCM cells through the activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Our results suggested that IkappaBalpha may therefore be a potential target for controlling the uveoscleral outflow pathway in glaucoma.
The defect-sensitivity effect of memory chips (1986)

Three effects appear to influence the yield of digital memory chips. In the first effect, yields appear to decrease faster with chip area than is predicted with simple yield models. Although this effect has been described briefly before, more supporting data are given and the applicable yield models are derived from these data. The second effect suggests that the random-defect yield for a chip does not change when its area is shrunk by decreasing the minimum design rules. Although experimental verification for this is limited, it leads to a third effect, namely, that yield can be modeled by the number of circuits. This effect is amply verified with data.
Structural relatedness of enteric bacterial porins assessed with monoclonal antibodies to Salmonella typhimurium OmpD and OmpC (1992)

The immunochemistry and structure of enteric bacterial porins are critical to the understanding of the immune response to bacterial infection. We raised 41 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to Salmonella typhimurium OmpD and OmpC porin trimers and monomers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoprecipitations, and/or Western immunoblot techniques indicated that 39 MAbs (11 anti-trimer and 28 anti-monomer) in the panel are porin specific and one binds to the lipopolysaccharide; the specificity of the remaining MAb probably lies in the porin-lipopolysaccharide complex. Among the porin-specific MAbs, 10 bound cell-surface-exposed epitopes, one reacted with a periplasmic epitope, and the remaining 28 recognized determinants that are buried within the outer membrane bilayer. Many of the MAbs reacting with surface-exposed epitopes were highly specific, recognizing only the homologous porin trimers; this suggests that the cell-surface-exposed regions of porins tends to be quite different among S. typhimurium OmpF, OmpC, and OmpD porins. Immunological cross-reaction showed that S. typhimurium OmpD was very closely related to Escherichia coli NmpC and to the Lc porin of bacteriophage PA-2. Immunologically, E. coli OmpG and protein K also appear to belong to the family of closely related porins including E. coli OmpF, OmpC, PhoE, and NmpC and S. typhimurium OmpF, OmpC, and OmpD. It appears, however, that S. typhimurium "PhoE" is not closely related to this group. Finally, about one-third of the MAbs that presumably recognize buried epitopes reacted with porin domains that are widely conserved in 13 species of the family Enterobacteriaceae, but apparently not in the seven nonenterobacterial species tested. These data are evaluated in relation to host immune response to infection by gram-negative bacteria.
Mapping of the vaccinia virus DNA polymerase gene by marker rescue and cell-free translation of selected RNA (1984)

The previous demonstration that a phosphonoacetate (PAA)-resistant (PAAr) vaccinia virus mutant synthesized an altered DNA polymerase provided the key to mapping this gene. Marker rescue was performed in cells infected with wild-type PAA-sensitive (PAAs) vaccinia by transfecting with calcium phosphate-precipitated DNA from a PAAr mutant virus. Formation of PAAr recombinants was measured by plaque assay in the presence of PAA. Of the 12 HindIII fragments cloned in plasmid or cosmid vectors, only fragment E conferred the PAAr phenotype. Successive subcloning of the 15-kilobase HindIII fragment E localized the marker within a 7.5-kilobase BamHI-HindIII fragment and then within a 2.9-kilobase EcoRI fragment. When the latter was digested with ClaI, marker rescue was not detected, suggesting that the PAAr mutation mapped near a ClaI site. The sensitive ClaI site was identified by cloning partial ClaI-EcoRI fragments and testing them in the marker rescue assay. The location of the DNA polymerase gene, about 57 kilobases from the left end of the genome, was confirmed by cell-free translation of mRNA selected by hybridization to plasmids containing regions of PAAr vaccinia DNA active in marker rescue. A 100,000-dalton polypeptide that comigrated with authentic DNA polymerase was synthesized. Correspondence of the in vitro translation product with purified vaccinia DNA polymerase was established by peptide mapping.
Shared Earth Modeling: Knowledge Driven Solutions for Building and Managing Subsurface 3D Geological Models (2013)

International audience
Superhard <i>sp</i>2–<i>sp</i>3 hybrid carbon allotropes with tunable electronic properties (2016)

Four sp2–sp3 hybrid carbon allotropes are proposed on the basis of first principles calculations. These four carbon allotropes are energetically more favorable than graphite under suitable pressure conditions. They can be assembled from graphite through intralayer wrinkling and interlayer buckling, which is similar to the formation of diamond from graphite. For one of the sp2–sp3 hybrid carbon allotropes, mC24, the electron diffraction patterns match these of i-carbon, which is synthesized from shock-compressed graphite (H. Hirai and K. Kondo, Science, 1991, 253, 772). The allotropes exhibit tunable electronic characteristics from metallic to semiconductive with band gaps comparable to those of silicon allotropes. They are all superhard materials with Vickers hardness values comparable to that of cubic BN. The sp2–sp3 hybrid carbon allotroes are promising materials for photovoltaic electronic devices, and abrasive and grinding tools.
Testing Deep Neural Networks (2018)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have a wide range of applications, and software employing them must be thoroughly tested, especially in safety-critical domains. However, traditional software test coverage metrics cannot be applied directly to DNNs. In this paper, inspired by the MC/DC coverage criterion, we propose a family of four novel test criteria that are tailored to structural features of DNNs and their semantics. We validate the criteria by demonstrating that the generated test inputs guided via our proposed coverage criteria are able to capture undesired behaviours in a DNN. Test cases are generated using a symbolic approach and a gradient-based heuristic search. By comparing them with existing methods, we show that our criteria achieve a balance between their ability to find bugs (proxied using adversarial examples) and the computational cost of test case generation. Our experiments are conducted on state-of-the-art DNNs obtained using popular open source datasets, including MNIST, CIFAR-10 and ImageNet.
A Stable β-Silyl Carbocation (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Stable β-Silyl CarbocationJoseph B. Lambert and Yan ZhaoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 33, 7867–7868Publication Date (Web):August 21, 1996Publication History Received24 April 1996Published online21 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9613670https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9613670rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1759Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Carbon,Hydrocarbons,Resonance structures,Silicon Get e-Alerts
Myomata and infertility. (2003)

The influence of myomata on fertility is an ongoing subject of debate and conflicting data. Most studies are retrospective and have small population sizes. There are few randomized, controlled trials of myomata and infertility. This manuscript is based on case-controlled in vitro fertilization groups, retrospective review, prospective nonrandomized data, and review articles. The potential risks and benefits of a myomectomy should be considered in making a decision for a patient. In this era of evidence-based medicine, additional randomized, controlled studies of infertility patients and myomata are needed.
Low-voltage high-performance flexible digital and analog circuits based on ultrahigh-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes (2019)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistor (TFT) is a promising candidate for flexible and wearable electronics. However, it usually suffers from low semiconducting tube purity, low device yield, and the mismatch between p- and n-type TFTs. Here, we report low-voltage and high-performance digital and analog CNT TFT circuits based on high-yield (19.9%) and ultrahigh purity (99.997%) polymer-sorted semiconducting CNTs. Using high-uniformity deposition and pseudo-CMOS design, we demonstrated CNT TFTs with good uniformity and high performance at low operation voltage of 3 V. We tested forty-four 2-µm channel 5-stage ring oscillators on the same flexible substrate (1,056 TFTs). All worked as expected with gate delays of 42.7 ± 13.1 ns. With these high-performance TFTs, we demonstrated 8-stage shift registers running at 50 kHz and the first tunable-gain amplifier with 1,000 gain at 20 kHz. These results show great potentials of using solution-processed CNT TFTs for large-scale flexible electronics.
Tap and Push: Assessing the Value of Direct Physical Control in Human-Robot Collaborative Tasks (2015)

In this paper, we compare a touch-based human-to-robot command scheme with traditional button commands in a series of human-robot collaborative assembly tasks. We find a mapping between command style and task outcome that depends on task complexity and is influenced by robot "feel." In our direct touch-based scheme, the user commands the robot through direct physical contact by tapping and pushing the robot. With a small, compliant desktop robot and a simple, scripted, bolt insertion task, button commands performed slightly better than direct physical commands in quantitative task performance metrics and qualitative user preference. In a second study with a human-scale, stiffer robot arm, physical commands performed better than button commands in a more complex and less scripted bolt insertion task, which greatly outperformed using buttons in a cooperative positioning task. We conclude that commanding a robot through direct force-transmitting contact can decrease task completion time, aid in teamwork, and improve user experience in appropriately chosen tasks. We achieve our haptic commands using only robot position sensors, demonstrating that direct, intuitive physical command is an option for existing position-controlled industrial robots.
True Random Number Generator Based on Fibonacci-Galois Ring Oscillators for FPGA (2021)

Random numbers are widely employed in cryptography and security applications. If the generation process is weak, the whole chain of security can be compromised: these weaknesses could be exploited by an attacker to retrieve the information, breaking even the most robust implementation of a cipher. Due to their intrinsic close relationship with analogue parameters of the circuit, True Random Number Generators are usually tailored on specific silicon technology and are not easily scalable on programmable hardware, without affecting their entropy. On the other hand, programmable hardware and programmable System on Chip are gaining large adoption rate, also in security critical application, where high quality random number generation is mandatory. The work presented herein describes the design and the validation of a digital True Random Number Generator for cryptographically secure applications on Field Programmable Gate Array. After a preliminary study of literature and standards specifying requirements for random number generation, the design flow is illustrated, from specifications definition to the synthesis phase. Several solutions have been studied to assess their performances on a Field Programmable Gate Array device, with the aim to select the highest performance architecture. The proposed designs have been tested and validated, employing official test suites released by NIST standardization body, assessing the independence from the place and route and the randomness degree of the generated output. An architecture derived from the Fibonacci-Galois Ring Oscillator has been selected and synthesized on Intel Stratix IV, supporting throughput up to 400 Mbps. The achieved entropy in the best configuration is greater than 0.995.
Aberration control for advanced step-and-scan systems using pupil plane engineering (2001)

This paper examines the control of optical aberrations in an advanced step-and-scan system that uses catadioptric projection optics. Optical lithography will be required to print pattern features down to the 50 nm range. To achieve 50 nm, optical lithography will need to operate at K-factors approaching 0.25 using 193 nm and 157 nm wavelengths with extremely high numerical apertures. Controlling aberrations in the optics will be critical to advanced lithography tools. The significant advantages of catadioptric compared with refractive optics are highlighted. In a catadioptric system, the pupil plane of the optics can be close to a mirror plane; this allows the unique capability to directly access the pupil plane for aberration measurement and adjustment. This paper demonstrates how a catadioptric step-and-scan system uses pupil-plane engineering to reduce aberrations to new levels, lower levels than ever possible before. The aberration control is demonstrated for the advanced optical techniques that are required to support K-factors approaching 0.25. Aberration control for 100 nm lithography on a 0.75NA 193 nm system is reviewed, and pupil-plane engineering is demonstrated. Pupil planes are mapped, and the aberration sensitivities are indicated. This paper concludes that wavefront engineering is the shape of things to come in the world of advanced lithography and system matching.
In vivo imaging of axonal transport of mitochondria in the diseased and aged mammalian CNS (2015)

The lack of intravital imaging of axonal transport of mitochondria in the mammalian CNS precludes characterization of the dynamics of axonal transport of mitochondria in the diseased and aged mammalian CNS. Glaucoma, the most common neurodegenerative eye disease, is characterized by axon degeneration and the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and by an age-related increase in incidence. RGC death is hypothesized to result from disturbances in axonal transport and in mitochondrial function. Here we report minimally invasive intravital multiphoton imaging of anesthetized mouse RGCs through the sclera that provides sequential time-lapse images of mitochondria transported in a single axon with submicrometer resolution. Unlike findings from explants, we show that the axonal transport of mitochondria is highly dynamic in the mammalian CNS in vivo under physiological conditions. Furthermore, in the early stage of glaucoma modeled in adult (4-mo-old) mice, the number of transported mitochondria decreases before RGC death, although transport does not shorten. However, with increasing age up to 23-25 mo, mitochondrial transport (duration, distance, and duty cycle) shortens. In axons, mitochondria-free regions increase and lengths of transported mitochondria decrease with aging, although totally organized transport patterns are preserved in old (23- to 25-mo-old) mice. Moreover, axonal transport of mitochondria is more vulnerable to glaucomatous insults in old mice than in adult mice. These mitochondrial changes with aging may underlie the age-related increase in glaucoma incidence. Our method is useful for characterizing the dynamics of axonal transport of mitochondria and may be applied to other submicrometer structures in the diseased and aged mammalian CNS in vivo.
KNOWING WHO’S WHO (2010)

Without social identity there is no human world. Without frameworks of similarity and difference, people would be unable to relate to each other in a consistent and meaningful fashion. In the second edition of this highly successful text, Richard Jenkins develops his argument that identity is both individual and collective, and should therefore be considered within one analytic framework. Using the work of major social theorists, such as Mead Goffman and Barthes, to explore the experience of identity in everyday life, Jenkins considers a range of different issues, including:* embodiment,* categorization and boundaries* the institutionalizing of identities* identity and modernity.nd the significance of identity in modernity.
1-to-Many and many-to-1 communication in hybrid wireless network-on-chip (2013)

To alleviate the complex communication problems arising in the network-on-chip (NoC) architectures as the number of on-chip components increases, wireless network-on-chip (WiNoC) is among the most promising scalable interconnection architectures for future generation NoCs. Since 1-to-many and many-to-1 communications caused by the cache coherence protocol in the multiprocessor system have high demands on the network, we propose several optimization schemes to improve both 1-to-many and many-to-1 communications in the hybrid WiNoC. Experimental results show that our optimized hybrid WiNoC can reduce the network latency by ~50% on average.
A Review of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in Hemodialysis Fistula (2018)

The number of patients in dialysis increases every year. In this review, we will evaluate the role of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) according to patency of arteriovenous fistula and grafts. The main indication of PΤΑ is stenosis > 50% or obstruction of the vascular lumen of an arteriovenous fistula and graft. It is usually performed under local anesthesia. The infection rate is as low as the number of complications. Fistula can be used in dialysis in the same day without the need for a central venous catheter. Primary patency is >50% in the first year while primary assisted patency is 80-90% in the same time period. Repeated PTA is as durable as the primary PTA. An early PTA carries a risk of new interventions. Cutting balloon can be used as a second-line method. Stents and covered stents are kept for the management of complications and central outflow venous stenosis. PTA is the treatment of choice for stenosis or obstruction of dialysis fistulas. Repeated PTA may be needed for better patency. Drug eluting balloon may become the future in PTA of dialysis fistula, but more trials are needed.
Insertion of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) in layered MoO3 (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsertion of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) in layered MoO3L. F. Nazar, Z. Zhang, and D. ZinkwegCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 15, 6239–6240Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00041a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00041a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effects of Low Birth Weight on Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Caucasian and African-American Children (2001)

LBW may predict the risk of the IRS and its progression over age in childhood, and this effect may be more pronounced among African-American children.
Improved stability of MCM-41 through textural control (1994)

N. Coustel, F. Di Renzo and F. Fajula, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 967 DOI: 10.1039/C39940000967