gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Robenidine, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Polymyxin B Nonapeptide Against Important Human and Veterinary Pathogens (2019)

The emergence and global spread of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens demand alternative strategies to treat life-threatening infections. Combination drugs and repurposing of old compounds with known safety profiles that are not currently used in human medicine can address the problem of multidrug-resistant infections and promote antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of robenidine alone or in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including those associated with canine otitis externa and human skin and soft tissue infection, was evaluated <i>in vitro</i> using microdilution susceptibility testing and the checkerboard method. Fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) and dose reduction indices (DRI) of the combinations against tested isolates were determined. Robenidine alone was bactericidal against <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) mode = 8 μg/ml] and <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> (MIC mode = 2 μg/ml). Against <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., an additivity/indifference of the combination of robenidine/EDTA (0.53 > FICIs > 1.06) and a synergistic effect of the combination of robenidine/PMBN (0.5 < FICI) were obtained. DRIs of robenidine were significantly increased in the presence of both EDTA and PMBN from 2- to 2048-fold. Robenidine exhibited antimicrobial activity against <i>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of either EDTA or PMBN. Robenidine also demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens and all Gram-negative pathogens isolated from cases of canine otitis externa in the presence of EDTA. Robenidine did not demonstrate antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. EDTA facilitated biofilm biomass degradation for both Gram-positives and Gram-negatives. The addition of robenidine to EDTA was not associated with any change in the effect on biofilm biomass degradation. The combination of robenidine with EDTA or PMBN has potential for further exploration and pharmaceutical development, such as incorporation into topical and otic formulations for animal and human use.
Synthesis of isotopically labelled thiol volatiles and cysteine conjugates for quantification of Sauvignon Blanc wine (2007)

Abstract The thiols 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐ol (4MMPOH), 3‐mercaptohexan‐1‐ol (3MH), and 3‐mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA), which contribute to the aroma profile of Sauvignon Blanc, as well as other varieties of wine, have been synthesized with deuterium labels. The cysteinylated precursors of the thiols, 4‐(4‐methylpentan‐2‐one)‐ L ‐cysteine (4MMP‐cys) and 4‐(4‐methylpentan‐2‐ol)‐ L ‐cysteine (4MMPOH‐cys), found in grape must were also synthesized with deuterium labels. These deuterated compounds provide useful internal standards for the quantification of these thiols in wine using LCMS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prefetch-guard: Leveraging hardware prefetches to defend against cache timing channels (2018)

Cache timing channels are a form of information leakage that operate through modulating cache access latencies and ultimately exfiltrate sensitive user information to adversaries. Among the many forms of timing channels, covert channels are particularly dangerous as they involve two insider processes (trojan and spy) colluding with each other to send out sensitive information, and are often difficult to detect or prevent. In this paper, we propose Prefetch-guard, an efficient and low-cost mitigation mechanism against cache-based timing channels. Prefetch-guard leverages hardware prefetchers to obfuscate the effect of timing modulation intentionally created by the trojan and spy. Our detection mechanism identifies the target cache sets that are being exploited for information leakage, and cache blocks are prefetched to fuzz the pattern of cache misses and hits created to construct timing channel between the trojan and the spy. With prefetch-guard, we observe that the cache timing channels suffer a 53% bit error rate which makes it very hard or impossible for the spy to decipher any useful information.
The Art of Joseph Edward Southall (2000)

Joseph Southall (1861-1944) was an artist distinguished in his field, a political activist of considerable stamina and a Quaker greatly loved and honoured by some Friends, albeit not by all. His political involvement as chairman of the Independent Labour Party in Birmingham from 1914 to 1931 afforded an opportunity for witness that was in harmony with his religious affiliation. But his profession as an artist was pursued against a climate of ambivalence toward the arts within the Quaker community, which was diminishing in the early twentieth century but had not altogether disappeared. This paper illustrates the traditional disapprobation of the arts by Quakers and identifies elements of a Quakerly aesthetic (defined for the purpose of this paper as 'a set of moral principles constraining the production or appreciation of a visual image'). The paper is an attempt to trace the emergence of such an aesthetic in the art of Joseph Southall. In particular, this paper examines Southall's alignment of art with craft, observes moral restraint in the painting of portraits and explores Southall's use of narrative themes in art as ministry.
Reoperation in the Treatment of Recurrent Intracranial Malignant Gliomas (1987)

Fifty-five consecutive patients with recurrent intracranial malignant gliomas were reoperated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1972 to 1983. The patients were 10 to 70 years old (median, 48 years). Thirty-five patients (64%) had glioblastoma multiforme, and 20 (36%) had anaplastic astrocytoma. The median interval between the first operation and reoperation was 43 weeks. The Karnofsky rating before reoperation ranged from 40 to 90 (median, 70). Eleven patients (20%) had more than one reoperation. The mortality rate was 1.4% per procedure, and the morbidity rate was 16% per procedure. After reoperation, 41 patients (75%) had chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The median survival for all patients was 92 weeks. The median survival after reoperation was 36 weeks. Patients with Karnofsky ratings of greater than or equal to 70, with anaplastic astrocytomas, or in whom gross total removal of the tumor was undertaken lived longer than their respective counterparts (P less than 0.05). Prereoperation Karnofsky rating and extent of surgical resection were the most important independent factors related to survival after reoperation according to multivariate analysis (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Twenty-five patients (45%) had improved Karnofsky ratings after reoperation, and the 32 patients (58%) who were independent after reoperation were able to stay so for more than 6 months of their survival time (median value). Reoperation is feasible and can be accomplished with acceptable mortality and morbidity. When intracranial malignant gliomas recur, the combined use of reoperation and adjuvant therapy prolongs good quality life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spiral imaging on a small‐bore system at 4.7t (1995)

Spiral imaging has a number of advantages for ultrafast data acquisition. However, implementation on high-field small-bore systems requires carefully addressing the issues of inhomogeneity-induced blurring and gradient hardware constraints. In this paper, spiral imaging on a 40-cm-bore 4.7T CSI Omega System (Bruker Instruments) is discussed. A constant-voltage gradient waveform design algorithm is developed to reduce readout times as well as minimize waveform distortions due to gradient amplifier nonlinearities. Residual errors are then measured and taken into account in the image reconstruction procedure. Multiple spiral interleaves as well as a multifrequency reconstruction algorithm are used to decrease blurring of off-resonance spins. Both phantom and in vivo images demonstrate the performance of the resulting pulse sequences.
Transition States of Nanocrystal Thin Films during Ligand-Exchange Processes for Potential Applications in Wearable Sensors (2018)

Ligand exchange is an advanced technique for tuning the various properties of nanocrystal (NC) thin films, widely used in the NC thin-film device applications. Understanding how the NC thin films transform into functional thin-film devices upon ligand exchange is essential. Here, we investigated the process of structural transformation and accompanying property changes in the NC thin films, by monitoring the various characteristics of silver (Ag) NC thin films at each stage of the ligand-exchange process. A transition state was identified in which the ligands are partially exchanged, where the NC thin films showed unexpected electromechanical features with high gauge factors up to 300. A model system was established to explain the origin of the high gauge factors, supported by the observation of spontaneously formed nanocracks and metal-insulator transition from the structural analysis and charge transport study, respectively. Taking advantages of the unique electromechanical properties of the NC thin films, we fabricated flexible strain gauge sensor devices with high sensitivity, reliability, and stability. We introduce a one-step fabrication process, namely, "the time- and spatial-selective ligand-exchange process", for the design of low-cost and high-performance wearable sensors that effectively detect human motion, such as finger or neck muscle movement. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the ligand-exchange process in NCs, as well as an insight into the functionalities of the NC thin films for technological applications.
Handbook of Conducting Polymers, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. M-I Transition in Doped Conducting Polymers (1995)

The initial impetus for the plethora of work on conduct- ing polymers was generated by the discovery in 1977 1-3 of the increase, by nearly 10 orders of magnitude, in the electrical conductivity (sigma) of polyacetylene when it was doped with iodine or other acceptors. The subsequent demonstration of the important role of nonlinear excitations, solitons, polarons, and bipolarons upon chemical doping or photoexcitation in the semiconducting regime provided a conceptual framework for understanding the electronic structure of these novel polymer semiconductors at low doping levels 4-13. Although there has been impressive progress toward the goal of improving conductivity and achieving truly metallic polymers 14-17, parallel progress toward understanding the transport in the "metallic" state has been limited by the quality of the disordered polymer materials.
Calming Down and Waking Up: An Empirical Study of the Effects of Mindfulness Training on Law Students (2020)

This Article discusses efforts to address directly the crisis in the mental health and well-being of law students by providing training in mindfulness.It describes an empirical study of three offerings of mindfulness training at a law school and reports its results in reducing law students' stress ("calming down") and providing other benefits, such as increased self-awareness ("waking up") and its corollaries in various aspects of emotional, personal, and interpersonal well-being.Key findings include positive benefits in: lowering perceived stress and reactivity to triggers causing stress; increasing self-reported focus and concentration; improving the ability to reframe one's outlook (and thus resilience); increasing self-compassion and self-acceptance (thereby taming the severe "inner critic" prevalent in many high-achieving law students and lawyers); and strengthening students' mindfulness generally, which has been shown in research from other fields to positively affect many dimensions of health and well-being.The Article explores how these specific benefits support important lawyering skills and competencies that are needed in contemporary legal practice.
Circulating polymers in α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency (2014)

To the Editor: 

Most individuals carry two wild-type M alleles of the SERPINA1 gene which encodes α1-antitrypsin. 95% of severe deficiency of α1-antitrypsin is associated with the Z allele (Glu342Lys; denoted PiZZ in the homozygote), and with the retention and polymerisation of α1-antitrypsin within hepatocytes [1]. These polymers are contained within periodic acid–Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant inclusions that are associated with neonatal hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The concomitant lack of circulating α1-antitrypsin predisposes the Z α1-antitrypsin homozygote to early-onset emphysema. Polymers of α1-antitrypsin form within the lung as a result of local inflammation and exposure to cigarette smoke [2]. They have also been identified in the skin of an individual with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and panniculitis [3] and in a renal biopsy from an individual with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and vasculitis [4]. It is unknown whether these polymers form locally or are deposited in these tissues from a circulating source, and whether extrahepatic polymers are associated with any disease phenotypes. We have assessed whether polymers of α1-antitrypsin are present within serum, from where they originate, and whether they are associated with clinical features in individuals with PiZZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency. In this investigation we used ELISA with the anti-α1-antitrypsin polymer monoclonal antibody (2C1) [5] to assess the presence of polymers in the plasma of 1) 518 individuals with PiZZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency; 2) an individual with α1-antitrypsin deficiency who underwent liver transplantation; and 3) 293 individuals with a mixture of α1-antitrypsin phenotypes. The specificity of the 2C1 antibody was confirmed by using it to immunoprecipitate polymers from the plasma of individuals with and without a positive signal …
Effect of Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation on Power Performance in Collegiate Football Players (2006)

Research has shown conflicting results involving the efficacy of carbohydrate-protein beverages on athletic performance. PURPOSE: To examine whether or not power output during the latter stages in a series of repeated maximal or near maximal effort anaerobic exercise bouts simulating a football game task was altered when consuming a carbohydrate-protein (CP) beverage versus either a carbohydrate-only (C) beverage or a placebo (P). METHODS: Eighteen collegiate male football players participated in this investigation. The subjects' mean age, height, weight, and percent body fat were 20yr, 180.4cm, 92.4kg, and 12%, respectively. The experimental exercise sessions were completed by each athlete on three separate occasions, spaced one week apart. The athletes were asked to perform a series of maximal-effort weighted sled-pushes, which simulated a game-type activity over two halves of a football game separated by a 20-minute simulated halftime recovery period. Maximal muscle power was assessed for each athlete through the use of a series of maximal jump-and-reach tests. The experimental beverages were administered during the first 5 minutes of the 20-minute simulated halftime recovery period. Water was permitted ad libitum throughout each exercise session. The experimental beverages used included; 1) a commercially available flavored aspartame-sweetened P beverage (300 ml, 5 kcal), 2) a commercially available C beverage, (300 ml, 67.5 g CHO, 270 kcal), and 3) a commercially available CP beverage (243 ml diluted with water to 300 ml, 45 g CHO, 15 g Protein, 270 kcal). All beverages were randomly assigned each week and each player received all three beverages. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine if differences existed in power output between the experimental beverages. RESULTS: The Least Square Mean (LSM) for jump-power was significantly higher after C compared to CP (1587.36 watts vs. 1577.42 watts, respectively; p=0.0095). The LSM jump-power after the P beverage was also lower than after the C beverage (1582.52), but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that average power output over a series of high-intensity anaerobic exercise bouts, which simulate football game tasks, is greatest after consuming a C beverage during the halftime break compared with consuming a CP or P beverage.
Serum Galectin-2, -4, and -8 Are Greatly Increased in Colon and Breast Cancer Patients and Promote Cancer Cell Adhesion to Blood Vascular Endothelium (2011)

Increased circulation of several members of the galectin family is common in patients with cancer and these may, like circulating galectin-3, also be involved in metastasis promotion.
Thin-cell dielectric response of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (1987)

The results of a study of the dielectric response of the liquid crystal BOH8-MPOOBC in the frequency range 5 Hz to 13 MHz, in the vicinity of the phase transition to the ferroelectric phase, in an aligned cell of 2.7 \ensuremath{\mu}m thickness, are presented. At small ac probe fields, critical-like behavior is observed in the dielectric permittivity and the characteristic relaxation time of molecules in the bulk of the sample. At high ac probe fields, a second relaxation appears due to the reorientation of molecules at the cell surfaces. The dielectric strength of the bulk relaxation grows linearly with the spontaneous polarization. The viscosities of the surface and bulk processes, as determined from measured characteristic times and spontaneous polarization, increase in a thermally activated manner for temperatures within the ferroelectric phase. Comparison of frequency-dependent optical response and dielectric response measurements at small applied fields shows that both are due to the same bulk molecular reorientation process.
Role of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol in the Interactions of the Biocontrol Pseudomonad Strain F113 with the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis (1997)

The potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis is an important pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Pseudomonas fluorescens F113, which produces 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), was investigated as a potential biocontrol agent against G. rostochiensis. Exposure of nematode cysts to the pseudomonad, under in vitro conditions or in soil microcosms, almost doubled the ability of the eggs to hatch. The percentage of mobile juveniles was reduced threefold following their incubation in the presence of the pseudomonad, both in vitro and in soil. Results obtained with a transposon-induced DAPG-negative biosynthetic mutant of F113 and its complemented derivative with restored DAPG synthesis showed that the ability of strain F113 to produce DAPG was responsible for the increase in hatch ability and the reduction in juvenile mobility. Similar effects on egg hatch ability and juvenile mobility of G. rostochiensis were obtained in vitro by incubating nematode cysts and juveniles, respectively, in the presence of synthetic DAPG. DAPG-producing P. fluorescens F113 is proposed as a potential biocontrol inoculant for the protection of potato crops against the potato cyst nematode.
Test Results of a Digital Beamforming GPS Receiver in a Jamming Environment (2001)

NAVSYS High Gain Advanced GPS Receiver (HAGR) uses a digital beam-steering antenna array to provide additional gain in the direction of the GPS satellite signals. This increases the received signal/noise ratio on the satellites tracked and also improves the accuracy of the pseudo-range and carrier-phase observations. The directivity of the digital beams created from the antenna array also reduces the effect of jamming and interference. This paper describes the operation of the HAGR digital beam steering array in a jamming environment and includes test data collected from the HAGR at the Electronic Proving Grounds, Fort Huachuca, that demonstrate the performance of a digital, beam-steering receiver against interference sources.
Fragment E derived from both fibrin and fibrinogen stimulates interleukin-6 production in rat peritoneal macrophages. (1999)

Fibrin derived from fibrinogen after thrombin cleavage plays an essential role in forming blood clots. Fibrin as well as fibrinogen is also involved in the induction of platelet aggregation, leukocyte cell adhesion and phagocytosis. An additional biological role of fibrin and fibrinogen is presented in this study. One of the proteolytic peptides of fibrin/fibrinogen, fragment E, and not fragment D, was able to stimulate rat peritoneal macrophages to express interleukin-6 (IL-6). The stimulation of fibrin/fibrinogen fragment E on macrophages appeared to work in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Adherent fibrin fragment E was able to stimulate IL-6 expression as well as IL-6 protein production. The effect of fibrin fragment E was inhibited by the addition of an excess amount of GPRP tetrapeptide, but not by GHRP, which are the amino acids derived from the amino terminus of fibrin alpha and beta chains, respectively. These results suggest that fibrin as well as fibrinogen function as a stimulator to macrophages, and leukocyte integrin p150,95 (CD11c/ CD18), not Mac-I (CD11b/CD18), is involved in mediating fibrin stimulatory activity in macrophages.
Evolution of H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> during the copper‐catalyzed oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (1986)

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of H 2 O and CO 2 evolution during uncatalyzed and copper(oxide)‐catalyzed (Cu, CuO, CuO 0.67 ) oxidation of isotactic polypropylene have been investigated in detail for various catalysts over a range of temperatures (90–150°C). These volatiles were determined chromatographically; H 2 O and CO 2 represent the main volatiles of the oxidation, comprising about 80 mol % of all volatiles. Uncatalyzed oxidation evolves ca. 1 mol of H 2 O and 1 mol of CO 2 for each unit mole of polymer oxidized, while catalyzed oxidation produces 2 mol of H 2 O and ca. 1.2 mol of CO 2 for each unit mole of polymer. These results indicate that secondary as well as tertiary H atoms on the polymer chains are involved in hydroperoxide formation and decay. The oxidation mechanism has been formulated and evaluated on this basis. It consists essentially of two parallel oxidation reactions involving tertiary and secondary groups (H atoms and hydroperoxides), respectively. The mechanism can be represented by first‐ and pseudo‐first‐order reactions in series: (1) oxygen absorption showing induction periods; (2) hydroperoxide formation and decay (plateaus are reached); (3) H 2 O evolution from the decay of hydroperoxides; and (4) subsequent CO 2 production involving chain scission. Arrhenius parameters for all oxidation reactions (uncatalyzed and catalyzed) are also presented. It appears that CuO 0.67 is the most efficient catalyst of those investigated.