gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notch signaling as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment? (2011)

Aberrant Notch signaling can induce mammary gland carcinoma in transgenic mice, and high expressions of Notch receptors and ligands have been linked to poor clinical outcomes in human patients with breast cancer. This suggests that inhibition of Notch signaling may be beneficial for breast cancer treatment. In this review, we critically evaluate the evidence that supports or challenges the hypothesis that inhibition of Notch signaling would be advantageous in breast cancer management. We find that there are many remaining uncertainties that must be addressed experimentally if we are to exploit inhibition of Notch signaling as a treatment approach in breast cancer. Nonetheless, Notch inhibition, in combination with other therapies, is a promising avenue for future management of breast cancer. Furthermore, since aberrant Notch4 activity can induce mammary gland carcinoma in the absence of RBPjκ, a better understanding of the components of RBPjκ-independent oncogenic Notch signaling pathways and their contribution to Notch-induced tumorigenesis would facilitate the deployment of Notch inhibition strategies for effective treatment of breast cancer.
<i>cis</i>Expression of DC-SIGN Allows for More Efficient Entry of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses via CD4 and a Coreceptor (2001)

DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin expressed on dendritic cells and restricted macrophage populations in vivo that binds gp120 and acts in trans to enable efficient infection of T cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We report here that DC-SIGN, when expressed in cis with CD4 and coreceptors, allowed more efficient infection by both HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains, although the extent varied from 2- to 40-fold, depending on the virus strain. Expression of DC-SIGN on target cells did not alleviate the requirement for CD4 or coreceptor for viral entry. Stable expression of DC-SIGN on multiple lymphoid lines enabled more efficient entry and replication of R5X4 and X4 viruses. Thus, 10- and 100-fold less 89.6 (R5/X4) and NL4-3 (X4), respectively, were required to achieve productive replication in DC-SIGN-transduced Jurkat cells when compared to the parental cell line. In addition, DC-SIGN expression on T-cell lines that express very low levels of CCR5 enabled entry and replication of R5 viruses in a CCR5-dependent manner, a property not exhibited by the parental cell lines. Therefore, DC-SIGN expression can boost virus infection in cis and can expand viral tropism without affecting coreceptor preference. In addition, coexpression of DC-SIGN enabled some viruses to use alternate coreceptors like STRL33 to infect cells, whereas in its absence, infection was not observed. Immunohistochemical and confocal microscopy data indicated that DC-SIGN was coexpressed and colocalized with CD4 and CCR5 on alveolar macrophages, underscoring the physiological significance of these cis enhancement effects.
NOVEL REACTIVE RED DYES (2003)

Abstract Dyes with two monochlorotriazine or with two monochlorotriazine and two vinylsulphone reactive groups have been investigated for establishing an enhancement of the dyeability of cotton fabrics. The effect of the diamine bridge linking two chromophore systems on the degree of dye exhaustion from the dyebath and dye bonding with the cellulose fibre was examined. The excellent water solubility of these dyes make them useful in the exhaustion method of dyeing. The kind of diamine used as a bridging group has a significant influence on exhaustion and fixation values. The application of diamine, which assures the chemically linear structure of the dye, affects the increase in the amount of the dye fixed on the fibres. Apart from the derivatives of ethylene-1,2-diamine and phenylene-1,2-diamine, the remaining dyes are characterised by a very high degree of dye exhaustion from the dyebath. The dyes examined can be successfully used for dyeing cellulose fibres by the exhaustion process.
A Survey on 60 GHz Broadband Communication: Capability, Applications and System Design (2008)

This paper gives a review of important aspects and current developments in 60 GHz broadband communication. We present channel measurement results for a conference room and analyze the channel capacity. The results clearly demonstrate the capability of the 60 GHz approach. Finally, we outline a concept for a wireless 60 GHz in-flight entertainment system.
Preventing wormhole attacks using physical layer authentication (2012)

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a key enabler of pervasive computing. Constrained resources in mobile stations make it critical for nodes to be able to cooperate to enhance communication and computation capabilities. However, the wireless and dynamic nature of the links presents easy attack vectors for adversaries. The ability to securely discover and identify neighboring nodes (secure ND) is a fundamental building block for such networks. Even a relatively weak adversarial relay has the capability of distorting the network view and diverting significant amount of traffic. This can cause significant performance degradation. In this paper, we utilize the physical layer authentication scheme introduced by Yu, Baras and Sadler [1] to secure neighborhood discovery against adversarial relays. The proposed method incurs little performance overhead and requires no additional hardware. We provide analytical and simulation based performance evaluation of the security of our scheme.
[1-Deaminopenicillamine,4-valine]-8-D-arginine-vasopressin, a highly potent inhibitor of the vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin (1977)

In attempting to design an antagonist of the antidiuretic response to arginine-vasopressin (AVP) [1-deaminopenicillamine,4-valine,8-D-arginine]vasopressin (dPVDAVP) was synthesized by the solid-phase method and assayed for antidiuretic, vasopressor, and oxytocic activities. dPVDAVP has an antidiuretic potency of 123 +/- 22 units/mg, one-tenth that of its parent [deamino,4-valine,8-D-arginine]vasopressin (dVDAVP). Like dVDAVP its antidiuretic effect in conscious diabetes insipidus rats is greatly prolonged when compared to AVP. dPVDAVP causes a prolonged inhibition of vasopressor responses to AVP but not to norepinephrine or angiotensin II. It has an antivasopressor pA2 value of 7.82 +/- 0.05 when tested against AVP. Thus the penicillamine substitution at position 1 in dVDAVP increased its antivasopressor activity sixfold (dVDAVP has a pA2 value of 7.03 +/- 0.11). dPVDAVP is thus the most potent vasopressor antagonist yet reported. dPVDAVP was also found to be a potent inhibitor of the in vitro oxytocic response to oxytocin (pA2 value = 7.23 +/- 0.04). dPVDAVP with its potent and specific ability to antagonize the vasopressor effects of AVP should be a useful pharmacological tool with which to explore the possible participation of AVP's potent vasoconstrictor properties in cardiovascular regulation in physiological and pathological states.
TRANSFER OF CYTOPLASMICALLY-INHERITED TRIAZINE RESISTANCE FROM BIRD'S RAPE TO CULTIVATED OILSEED RAPE (<i>BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS</i> AND <i>B</i>. <i>NAPUS</i>) (1980)

Atrazine resistant biotypes of bird's rape Brassica campestris L. provided a potential source of cytoplasmically-inherited triazine resistance for cultivated oilseed rape. A back-crossing program was initiated to incorporate the cytoplasm of the triazine resistant bird's rape (2n = 20) into B. napus L. cv. 'Tower' (2n = 38) and B. campestris L. cvs. 'Torch' and 'Candle' (2n = 20). Three 38-chromosome progeny were identified among backcross 1 (BC 1 ) progeny of bird's rape × Tower (recurrent pollen parent). All BC 1 progeny of all crosses between bird's rape (female) and cultivated oilseed rape (recurrent pollen parents) were resistant to post-emergence application of several triazines, including atrazine, cyanazine and metribuzin. In similar crosses using cultivars as the recurrent female parents, BC 1 progeny were susceptible to triazines, which indicated the resistance was cytoplasmically inherited. Selection among BC 2 progeny of all crosses for low erucic acid content in seed was effective. In field trials BC 3 's carrying cytoplasm from bird's rape were not injured by post-emergence applications of triazine herbicides which killed their recurrent cultivar pollen parents. No obvious deleterious effect of the bird's rape cytoplasm has been noted.
Friction-Drag Reduction by Transverse Wall Motion – A Review (2020)

ABSTRACT The quest for drag reduction is driven by environmental concerns, in general, and the need to reduce fuel consumption in transport applications, in particular. Turbulent friction is especially important in civil aviation, accounting for over 50% of the total drag in cruise. In this context, spatially and/or temporally varying in-plane wall motion, while undoubtedly difficult to implement in practice, has attracted major interest, because of the large drag-reduction margins it yields. It is also a forcing method that is of fundamental interest, as it provokes intriguing interactions between the spanwise Stokes layer induced by the wall motion and the near-wall turbulence-regeneration mechanisms. This article provides a relatively brief, ‘entry-level’, review of research in this area, principally over the past two decades. While far from being exhaustive, the review conveys a reasonably detailed picture of some major physical issues as well as of the outcome of the most important computational and experimental studies. Particular emphasis is placed on the question of how results obtained in idealised laboratory conditions and by simulation at relatively low Reynolds-number values pertain to high values typical of high-speed transport.
Velocity profile statistics in a turbulent boundary layer with slot-injected polymer (1992)

The modification of a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer resulting from the injection of drag-reducing polymer solutions through a narrow inclined slot into the near-wall region of the flow has been studied. Two-component coincident laser-Doppler velocity profile measurements were taken with a free-stream velocity of 4.5 m/s with polymer injection, water injection, and no injection. Polyethylene oxide solutions at concentrations of 500 and 1025 w.p.p.m. were injected. These data are complemented by polymer concentration profile measurements that were taken using a laser-induced-fluorescence technique. Also, integrated skin friction measurements were made with a drag balance for a range of polymer injection conditions and free-stream velocities. The immediate effects of polymer injection are a deceleration of the flow near the wall, a dramatic decrease of the vertical r.m.s. velocit}’ fluctuation levels and the Reynolds shear stress levels, and a mean velocity profile approaching Virk's asymptotic condition. These effects relax substantially with increasing stream wise distance from the injection slot and become similar to the effects observed for dilute homogeneous polymer flows.
Collection efficiencies of MNC subpopulations during autologous CD34<sup>+</sup> peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) harvests in small children and adolescents (2001)

There is increasing demand for mononuclear cell (MNC) harvests not only for PBPC but also for immune therapies using dendritic cells and donor lymphocytes. We determined the collection efficiencies (CE) of various MNC subpopulations during CD34+ cell harvests using a Fenwal CS 3000 Plus Omnix system in small children and adolescents. The cell content of 140 leukapheresis products (LP) was prospectively evaluated in 45 pretreated patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The median age was 12 years (range 0.8-22), and the median body weight (BW) 43 kg (range 9-92). Depending upon the BW of the patients, the media used for priming were saline (SP) in 86, human albumin (HA, HAP) in 10, and packed red blood cells (BP) in 44 apheresis procedures. The major nucleated cell (NC) fractions collected were monocytes (52% of NC) and CD3+ T cells (26%). The median cell yield for monocytes was 174 * 10(6)/kg (range 24-613) representing a CE of 55%. The median number of CD3(+) T cells was 84 * 10(6)/kg (range 5.6-380; CE = 74%). CD34+ cells represented a very small cell fraction of the LP (1.3% of NC), with a median yield of 4.2 * 10(6)/kg (range 0.2-87) and a CE of 63%. The cell yield of various MNCs was significantly correlated with the cell count in the peripheral blood (PB) and with the blood volume processed (ANOVA, P < 0.0001). No influence on the CE was observed for the priming procedure, the patients' age or sex, or the other adaptations used in the harvesting protocol. In conclusion, the Fenwal CS 3000 Plus OMNIX system with the CD34+ cell program and the described adaptations, is also predictably useful for harvest of monocytes or lymphocytes in pediatric patients. We present regression equations that predict the cell yield of various MNC subpopulations in apheresis products.
Botulinum Toxin A for the Treatment of Keloids (2012)

The suggested clinical efficiency of intralesional BTA for the therapy of existent keloids could not be confirmed in this study. Based on our data, the potential mechanisms of action of BTA on keloid-derived fibroblasts remain unclear.
Wideband antenna technology in military applications (2010)

Wideband antennas are essential for military systems requiring spectrum-agility or multi-functionality. High-gain radar or communication systems require wideband, potentially multi-octave, radiation patterns and VSWR, sometimes with wide angle scanning. Aperture size is constrained by the dimensions of the host platform (e.g. aircraft or naval ship). Low gain mobile communication systems require wideband VSWR but have simpler radiation pattern requirements. Body-worn antennas can be integrated into clothing and are emerging in military communications, with dimensions constrained by those of the human body. Here we describe technologies for two military applications.
Use of transcendental mediation to relieve stress and promote health (1995)

The relief of stress is an important part of health promotion. This article examines the effects of transcendental meditation on stress and discusses how it can improve health.
Slurry flow : principles and practice (1991)

Slurry Flow: Principles and Practice describes the basic concepts and methods for understanding and designing slurry flow systems, in-plan installations, and long-distance transportation systems. The goal of this book is to enable the design or plant engineer to derive the maximum benefit from a limited amount of test data and to generalize operating experience to new situations. Design procedures are described in detail and are accompanied by illustrative examples needed by engineers with little or no previous experience in slurry transport.The technical literature in this field is extensive:
[CT diagnosis in primary lung cancer (a correlative study of roentgenogram CT, surgical and pathological findings)]. (1991)

A correlative study of roentgenogram, CT, surgical and pathological findings was investigated on 40 cases with primary lung cancer to evaluate differences between x-ray and CT of the chest in imaging pathological changes of lung cancer. The study revealed that CT was more sensitive than roentgenogram in showing lobulation, speculate and internal structure of SPN or masses, hilar and mediastinal adenopathy, invasion to neighbouring tissues and soft tissues of chest wall and abnormal pattern of the bronchus in cross section. Abnormal findings in CT was 67.4% higher than that in roentgenogram, CT provided more information in diagnosis of primary lung cancer. Some limitations of CT in diagnosis of primary lung cancer were also discussed.
Microsphere embolism‐induced cortical cholinergic deafferentation and impairments in attentional performance (2005)

Ischemic events have been hypothesized to play a critical role on the pathogenesis of dementia and the acceleration of cognitive impairments. This experiment was designed to determine the consequences of microvascular ischemia on the cortical cholinergic input system and associated attention capacities. Injections of microspheres ( approximately 50 microm diameter; approximately 5000 microspheres/100 microL) into the right common carotid artery of rats served as a model of microvascular ischemia and resulted in decreases in the density of cholinergic fibers in the ipsilateral medial prefrontal cortex and frontoparietal areas. Furthermore, dense astrogliosis, indicated by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry, was observed in the globus pallidus, including the areas of origin of cholinergic projections to the cortex. Fluoro-Jade B staining indicated that loss of neurons in the cortex was restricted to areas of microsphere-induced infarcts. Attentional performance was assessed using an operant sustained attention task; performance in this task was previously demonstrated to reflect the integrity and activity of the cortical cholinergic input system. Embolized animals' performance was characterized by a decrease in the animals' ability to detect signals. Their performance in non-signal trials remained unaffected. The residual density of cholinergic axons in prefrontal and frontoparietal areas correlated with the animals' performance. The present data support the hypothesis that microvascular ischemia results in loss of cortical cholinergic inputs and impairs associated attentional performance. Microsphere embolism represents a useful animal model for studying the role of interactions between microvascular disorder and impaired forebrain cholinergic neurotransmission in the manifestation of cognitive impairments.
Experiments in software data handling (1985)

64. An instrumental analysis experiment that facilitates the study of data-handling software and its methods, including sampling, boxcar averaging, smoothing, ensemble averaging, and digital filtering.
Identification of Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Amides in Human Meibomian Gland Secretions (2006)

The findings indicate that oleamide (cis-9-octadecenamide), an endogenous fatty acid primary amide, is a predominant component of meibum when examined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The novel finding of oleamide and other members of the fatty acid amide family in the tear film could lead to additional insights into the role of fatty acid amide activity in human biological systems and may indicate a new function for this lipid class of molecules in ocular surface signaling and/or in the maintenance of the complex tear film.
Behind the color switching in gasochromic VO<sub>2</sub> (2014)

Gasochromic VO2 thin films were fabricated by the sol-gel spin-coating technique. The results of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy reveal that the origin of gasochromic coloration in VO2 is strongly related to the modulation of its structure and the electron-electron correlation. Upon gasochromic coloration, not only does the valence state change with the incorporation of hydrogen, but also the film undergoes the modification of the local atomic structure. The structural distortion varies the strength of hybridization of the O 2p-V 3d states and the bond distance of V-O and V-O varies. In the hydric process, the local atomic structure of VO2 changes from that of an un-symmetric to that of a symmetric V-O framework. The incorporated hydrogen adds electrons into the V 3d t2g orbital, enhancing the electron-electron correlation by reducing the V-V distance. This work presents a new physical insight in which the modulation of the electron-electron correlation is exploited to control the bleached and colored states, giving rise to the gasochromic phenomenon. The strong correlation among atomic spatial rearrangement, electronic structures, and transmittance supports a cooperative mechanism of the VO2 gasochromic transition. These results reveal a clear correlation between the dynamics of the lattice structure and the electronic properties and suggest a possible pathway to gasochromism and elucidation of its mechanism.
Polymer Material as a Gate Dielectric for Graphene Field-Effect-Transistor Applications (2011)

Epitaxial-graphene field-effect transistor (EG-FET) with a polymer gate dielectric was fabricated and their electrical characteristics were investigated. The epitaxial graphene layer was formed on a semi-insulating 6H-SiC substrate by a high-temperature annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. The formation of graphene was confirmed by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Raman-scattering spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The polymer gate dielectric (ZEP520a) layer was formed by spin coating, which exhibits good dielectric properties without noticeable structural degradation of the graphene layer. The EG-FETs with this polymer gate dielectric shows an n-type characteristic, with the field-effect mobility of 580 cm 2 V -1 s -1 .
High‐Aspect‐Ratio TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes by Anodization of Titanium (2005)

Growing holes: With the aid of a new technique highly organized surface layers of TiO2 nanotubes that are open at one end (see picture) are formed by the anodization of titanium. The pore structure is determined by the pH gradient within the forming pore, this in turn is controlled by the electrochemical sweep rate and the electrolyte concentration.
Very low frequencies of human normal CD34<sup>+</sup> haematopoietic progenitor cells express the Wilms' tumour gene WT1 at levels similar to those in leukaemia cells (2002)

The Wilms' tumour gene, WT1, is expressed at high levels in leukaemia cells and plays an important role in leukaemogenesis. WT1 is also expressed in human normal CD34+ bone marrow (BM) cells at about 100 times lower levels than in leukaemia cells. To identify and characterize WT1-expressing cells in CD34+ BM cells, they were sorted into single cells and analysed for WT1 expression using two kinds of single-cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Using the semiquantitative single-cell polyA-PCR + sequence-specific (SS)-PCR method, WT1 expression was detected in four (1.3%) out of 319 CD34+ BM single cells. To confirm the above results, a single-cell nested sequence-specific (NSS)-RT-PCR method that was less quantitative but more sensitive than the polyA-PCR + SS-PCR method was also performed, and WT1 expression was detected in 15 (1.1%) out of 1315 CD34+ BM single cells. In total, WT1 expression was found in 19 (1.2%) out of 1634 CD34+ BM single cells. No significant differences in the frequencies of WT1-expressing cells were found between CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD38+ BM single cells. Furthermore, WT1-expressing CD34+ BM single cells expressed WT1 at levels similar to those in K562 leukaemia single cells. Analysis of lineage-specific and cell cycle gene expression in WT1-expressing CD34+ BM single cells showed that the WT1 gene could be expressed in both uncommitted, dormant CD34+CD38- and lineage-committed, proliferating CD34+CD38+ BM cells. Our results could indicate that these WT1-expressing CD34+ BM cells were normal counterparts of leukaemia cells.