gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An optically pumped GaN–AlGaN vertical cavity surface emitting laser (1996)

An optically pumped GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is demonstrated. Laser emission near 363 nm is observed at room temperature from the surface of a VCSEL structure optically pumped along a cleaved sample edge by focused light from a nitrogen laser. The VCSEL structure, which was grown on a sapphire substrate by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, consists of a 10 μm GaN active region sandwiched between 30-period Al0.40Ga0.60N–Al0.12Ga0.88N Bragg reflectors. At optical pump intensities above ∼2.0 MW/cm2, a narrow (&lt;5 Å) laser mode at 363.5 nm emerges from the GaN photoluminescence spectrum. This mode becomes the dominant feature of the spectrum at higher pump powers, and additional modes appear ∼1.3 nm above and below this mode at 362.1 nm and 364.8 nm. The ∼1.3 nm mode spacing corresponds closely with the 1.1 nm spacing predicted from an electromagnetics model of the VCSEL structure.
A 32kB 2R/1W L1 data cache in 45nm SOI technology for the POWER7TM processor (2010)

The POWER7 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> microprocessor features a 32 kB L1 data cache with a 2R and banked-1W functionality using a 6T-SRAM cell. Read/write collision is intercepted inside the array with write-over-read priority. The array-specific power supply improves SRAM cell stability and performance while reducing the logic voltage level. The macro is fabricated in a 45nm CMOS SOI technology.
Dynamic trace-based sampling algorithm for memory usage tracking of enterprise applications (2017)

Excessive memory usage in software applications has become a frequent issue. A high degree of parallelism and the monitoring difficulty for the developer can quickly lead to memory shortage, or can increase the duration of garbage collection cycles. There are several solutions introduced to monitor memory usage in software. However they are neither efficient nor scalable. In this paper, we propose a dynamic tracing-based sampling algorithm to collect and analyse run time information and metrics for memory usage. It is implemented as a kernel module which gathers memory usage data from operating system structures only when a predefined condition is set or a threshold is passed. The thresholds and conditions are preset but can be changed dynamically, based on the application behavior. We tested our solutions to monitor several applications and our evaluation results show that the proposed method generates compact trace data and reduces the time needed for the analysis, without loosing precision.
An overview (2014)

Everyone knows what a tree is: a large woody thing that provides shade. Oaks, pines and similarly large majestic trees probably come immediately to mind. Such big trees are characterised by the enormous changes in size from seed to mature tree: a mature giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) is a billion, billion times heavier than the seed it came from (that’s 1 with 12 zeros after it). A stricter, but more inclusive, botanical definition is that a tree is any plant with a self-supporting, perennial woody stem (i.e. living for more than 1 year). The first question that normally comes back at this point is to ask what then is a shrub? To horticulturalists, a ‘tree’ is defined as having a single stem more than 6 m (20 ft) tall which branches at some distance above ground, whereas a shrub has multiple stems from the ground and is less than 6 m. This is a convenient definition for those writing tree identification books who wish to limit the number of species they must include. In this book, however, shrubs are thought of as being just small trees since they work in exactly the same way as their bigger neighbours. Thus, ‘trees’ cover the towering giants over 100 m through to little sprawling alpine willows no more than a few centimetres tall.
An optical real-time 3D measurement for analysis of facial shape and movement (2003)

Optical non-contact 3-D shape measurement provides a novel and useful tool for analysis of facial shape and movement in presurgical and postsurgical regular check. In this article we present a system, which allows a precise 3-D visualization of the patient's facial before and after craniofacial surgery. We discussed, in this paper, the real time 3-D image capture, processing and the 3-D phase unwrapping method to recover complex shape deformation when the movement of the mouth. The result of real-time measurement for facial shape and movement will be helpful for the more ideal effect in plastic surgery.
CDM ESD protection design with initial-on concept in nanoscale CMOS process (2010)

Integrated circuits (ICs) have been fabricated with thinner gate oxides to achieve higher speed and lower power consumption in nanoscale CMOS processes. However, the charged-device-model (CDM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) events became more critical because of the thinner gate oxide in nanoscale CMOS transistors and the larger die size for the system-on-chip (SoC) applications. Thus, effective on-chip ESD protection design against CDM ESD stresses has become more challenging to be implemented. A novel on-chip ESD protection design against CDM ESD events was proposed in this work, and its performance has been verified by the silicon chip fabricated in 55-nm CMOS process.
A solution-processed quaternary oxide system obtained at low-temperature using a vertical diffusion technique (2017)

We report a method for fabricating solution-processed quaternary In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) at low annealing temperatures using a vertical diffusion technique (VDT). The VDT is a deposition process for spin-coating binary and ternary oxide layers consecutively and annealing at once. With the VDT, uniform and dense quaternary oxide layers were fabricated at lower temperatures (280 °C). Compared to conventional IGZO and ternary In-Zn-O (IZO) thin films, VDT IGZO thin film had higher density of the metal-oxide bonds and lower density of the oxygen vacancies. The field-effect mobility of VDT IGZO TFT increased three times with an improved stability under positive bias stress than IZO TFT due to the reduction in oxygen vacancies. Therefore, the VDT process is a simple method that reduces the processing temperature without any additional treatment for quaternary oxide semiconductors with uniform layers.
<scp>J</scp>apan, Community Labor Union Movement (2009)

Enterprise unions are functionally “adjusted” to the productionist and enterprise‐centered characteristics of Japanese society, with both core enterprises and regular workers as the pillars of the social system. The emergence and hegemony of this type of union has effectively resulted in the exclusion of marginal workers, such as part‐timers, temporary workers, and foreign workers, from the labor movement. In this context, Japanese community unions are meaningful organizations which function as alternatives to the mainstream labor movement. Despite their numerical irrelevance, their link to the progressive social movements of the past, their combativeness, and their inclusive role on the unionization of minorities and atypical workers make them of major relevance as a sociological phenomenon.
Adjacent track encroachment analysis at high track density (2003)

The issue of adjacent track encroachment (ATE) has been studied for high track density (TPI) situations. Several techniques and methods have been utilized to determine the root cause of the adjacent track erasure. The new encroachment mechanisms, differing from those reported previously, have been identified for several different cases. It was found that the write-head gap edge corner or shoulder can generate a sizable fringing field, leading to measurable adjacent track encroachment problems in certain conditions. This type of side-erasure problem is not only associated with the amplitude and frequency of the writing current, but is also skew sensitive, depending upon both skew angle and skew polarity. Furthermore, finite element calculations confirm that in the vicinity of the notch corner, the fringing field strength could be as much as 4000 Oe. Experimentally it was also found that the side-erasure process induced by the notch shoulder was asymmetric in some situations.
eSNR improvement in indirect detection of mid-IR signals by wavelength conversion in SOS waveguides (2011)

With a transparency window up to 6 μm, sapphire can serve as a platform to support silicon photonic integrated circuit in MWIR. Planar waveguide devices based on silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) are emerging as a bridge between MWIR and SWIR through frequency band conversion process. While these devices are widely proposed to amplify MWIR signals and generate MWIR source, it can also be inversely utilized to achieve MWIR light detection. Here MWIR signals are down-converted to telecommunication wavelength (1.55 μm) through SOS waveguides and indirectly detected by SWIR detectors. Since detectors at telecommunication wavelengths exhibit superior performances in terms of speed, noise and sensitivity, the indirect detection scheme can be a promising candidate to improve the detection performance. In this report, we analyze performance of the indirect detection of MWIR signals by wavelength conversion in SOS waveguides. Particularly we modeled and compared the noise performance of the indirect detection with direct detection using state-of-the-art MWIR detectors. We show that, in addition to advantages of room temperature and high speed operation, the proposed indirect detection can improve the electrical signal-to-noise ratio up to 50dB, 23dB and 4dB compared to direct detection by PbSe, HgCdTe and InSb detectors respectively. The improvement is more pronounced in detection of weak MWIR signals.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor–2 Deficiency Confers Protection against Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury and Fibrosis in Mice (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury, the accumulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, and the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling through its G protein-coupled receptors is critical for its various biological functions. Recently, LPA and LPA receptor 1 were implicated in lung fibrogenesis. However, the role of other LPA receptors in fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we use a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model to investigate the roles of LPA2 in pulmonary fibrogenesis. In the present study, we found that LPA2 knockout (Lpar2(-/-)) mice were protected against bleomycin-induced lung injury, fibrosis, and mortality, compared with wild-type control mice. Furthermore, LPA2 deficiency attenuated the bleomycin-induced expression of fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen in lung tissue, as well as levels of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In human lung fibroblasts, the knockdown of LPA2 attenuated the LPA-induced expression of TGF-β1 and the differentiation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in the decreased expression of FN, α-SMA, and collagen, as well as decreased activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2, Akt, Smad3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, the knockdown of LPA2 with small interfering RNA also mitigated the TGF-β1-induced differentiation of lung fibroblasts. In addition, LPA2 deficiency significantly attenuated the bleomycin-induced apoptosis of alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in the mouse lung. Together, our data indicate that the knockdown of LPA2 attenuated bleomycin-induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis, and this may be related to an inhibition of the LPA-induced expression of TGF-β and the activation and differentiation of fibroblasts.
Panoramic stitching for driver assistance and applications to motion saliency-based risk analysis (2013)

Cameras can provide the capability for surround vehicle analysis and intuitive visualization for driver support in critical situations. As salient objects can be distributed anywhere around the vehicle, a wide view of the surround has many benefits for studying driver behavior in a holistic manner, as well as developing effective driver assistance systems. In this work, we are concerned with the hardware setup and calibration needed to provide such stitched views. In particular, views with large translation differences, many moving objects, and large changes in brightness are handled. We show the qualitative effects of calibration scene and camera orientation on common stitching algorithms. Finally, we analyze the stitched view for salient objects to detect critical events.
Structure and Function of HtrA Family Proteins, the Key Players in Protein Quality Control (2005)

High temperature requirement A (HtrA) and its homologues constitute the HtrA family proteins, a group of heat shock-induced serine proteases. Bacterial HtrA proteins perform crucial functions with regard to protein quality control in the periplasmic space, functioning as both molecular chaperones and proteases. In contrast to other bacterial quality control proteins, including ClpXP, ClpAP, and HslUV, HtrA proteins contain no regulatory components or ATP binding domains. Thus, they are commonly referred to as ATP-independent chaperone-proteases. Whereas the function of ATP-dependent chaperone-proteases is regulated by ATP hydrolysis, HtrA exhibits a PDZ domain and a temperature-dependent switch mechanism, which effects the change in its function from molecular chaperone to protease. This mechanism is also related to substrate recognition and the fine control of its function. Structural and biochemical analyses of the three HtrA proteins, DegP, DegQ, and DegS, have provided us with clues as to the functional regulation of HtrA proteins, as well as their roles in protein quality control at atomic scales. The objective of this brief review is to discuss some of the recent studies which have been conducted regarding the structure and function of these HtrA proteins, and to compare their roles in the context of protein quality control.
Preparation of low‐density polyethylene foams with high rebound resilience by blending with polyethylene–octylene elastomer (2013)

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/polyethylene–octylene elastomer (POE) foams with different composition ratios (POE, cross‐linking agent, and blowing agent) were produced by using the continuous cross‐linking and foaming process to improve the rebound resilience of chemical cross‐linked LDPE foams. The effects of POE, cross‐linking agent, and foaming agent on rebound resilience of LDPE/POE foams were investigated by using a rebound test, cross‐linking degree experiment, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the rebound resilience of LDPE was improved by increasing the flexibility of cell walls and the cell density and decreasing the foam density. Compared with the rebound resilience of pure LDPE (33%), the proposed LDPE/POE foams could meet the requirements of gymnastics mats for high rebound resilience (55%). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2527–2534, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Modular content personalization service architecture for e-commerce applications (2003)

Personalized Web portals are becoming more and more popular. What is unsatisfying with existing sites is that the scope of the personalized content they provide is typically that of the underlying site. Providers of such personalized content typically develop their own, proprietary personalized Web portal. To use different personalization features of different sites users have to hop from one personalized site to another and provide different user profile information there. Therefore, we propose a flexible architecture in which a personalization mediator acts as a broker of modular personalization services between providers of personalized content and users that are interested in such personalized content. In this architecture, the providers of personalized content publish their personalization services via a unified interface to this mediator A user provides its profile information to the mediator which in turn finds and calls the most suitable service which finally delivers the most targeted personalized content. The benefit of our approach is that users get an easier and unified access to a notional unlimited collection of personalization services by the mediator For the providers, the approach allows different sites with different personalization capabilities to embed their personalization services in a generic infrastructure for applications like personalized Web portals.
Vertical GaN based light emitting diodes on metal alloy substrate boosts high power LED performance (2007)

Vertical GaN based Light Emitting Diodes on metal alloy substrate (VLEDMS) were realized and
characterized for solid state lighting application. An efficiency of more than 100 lumens/watt from a white
LED was achieved. And, an efficiency of more than 80 lumens/watt from a high efficiency and high power
green LED was achieved also. The dissipate heat more effectively than conventional and flip-chip LEDs,
thanks to the higher thermal conductivity of a copper alloy substrate. This increases their maximum
operating current and output power and makes them more suitable for solid-state lighting applications. In
addition, these VLEDMS exhibit many advantages over those on sapphire under extreme operation
conditions for general lighting application.
The common 'thermolabile' variant of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase is a major determinant of mild hyperhomocysteinaemia (1996)

Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia is a major risk factor for vascular disease and neural tube defects (NTDs), conferring an approximately three-fold relative risk for each condition. It has several possible causes: heterozygosity for rare loss of function mutations in the genes for 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) or cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS); dietary insufficiency of vitamin co-factors B6, B12 or folates; or homozygosity for a common 'thermolabile' mutation in the MTHFR gene which has also been associated with vascular disease and NTDs. We quantified the contribution of the thermolabile mutation to the hyperhomocysteinaemic phenotype in a working male population (625 individuals). Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were also measured and their relationship with homocysteine status and MTHFR genotype assessed. The homozygous thermolabile genotype occurred in 48.4, 35.5, and 23.4% of the top 5, 10, and 20% of individuals (respectively) ranked by plasma homocysteine levels, compared with a frequency of 11.5% in the study population as a whole, establishing that the mutation is a major determinant of homocysteine levels at the upper end of the range. Serum folate concentrations also varied with genotype, being lowest in thermolabile homozygotes. The MTHFR thermolabile genotype should be considered when population studies are designed to determine the effective homocysteine-lowering dose of dietary folate supplements, and when prophylactic doses of folate are recommended for individuals.
Media transcoding for pervasive computing (2001)

The rapid development of wireless technologies and computer-embedded devices make it possible for people to use portable devices accessing multimedia information and service. In order to bring multimedia information and service to the various client devices while retaining the ability to go mobile, multimedia information must be adapted, which is referred to as media transcoding technology. In this paper, some related issues of media transcoding are discussed. Media transcoding techniques are classified from different perspectives. Then a general framework for media transcoding is proposed and explored. Video transcoding is discussed as the major research focus. Some methods in terms of video rate control, spatial resolution reduction, and heterogeneous video transcoding are explored.
Temocillin revived (2008)

Resistance in Gram-negative pathogens is an increasing concern, with carbapenems often appearing as the only acceptable treatment option in serious infections. Reviving older compounds that have fallen into disuse may help to alleviate this burden. Temocillin (6-alpha-methoxy-ticarcillin) is resistant to most if not all classical and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and to AmpC enzymes. It is also chemically stable, allowing administration by continuous infusion. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis, aided by Monte-Carlo simulations, suggests a breakpoint of 8 mg/L for the registered maximum dosage of 4 g daily. Temocillin's weaknesses, explaining its limited previous use, are a lack of activity against Gram-positive organisms, anaerobes and Pseudomonas. In settings where these are unlikely or are covered by other agents, temocillin may be useful, potentially 'sparing' carbapenems and having little apparent potential to select for Clostridium difficile.
HAP (1993)

Applications to be supported on broadband networks exhibit a wide range of traffic statistics and many of them are sensitive to delay and loss violations. To accurately estimate admissible workload and bandwidth requirement, a detailed traffic model, HAP (Hierarchical Arrival Process) is proposed in this paper. Packets generated from HAP are modulated by processes at user, application, and message levels. This model is a generalization of on-off traffic models and is shown to be equivalent to a special class of MMPP (Markov Modulated Poisson Process). Three algorithmic methods along with simulations are applied to evaluate the queueing performance under HAP traffic. Delay under HAP traffic can be well over tens of times higher than Poisson traffic, depending on parameters and load. Congestion may persist for minutes. HAP's dramatic short-term behavior explains the occasional congestion in the real networks. Conventional traffic models, however, do not exhibit this behavior. With these results, we give implications for broadband network control.
Antibiotic Eluting Chitosan Glycerophosphate Implant in the Setting of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis: A Rabbit Model (2010)

Placement of a single antibiotic impregnated CGP implant in the setting of an acute Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterial sinusitis resulted in a greater log reduction of CFU than daily antibiotic irrigation and led to complete sterilization of the lavage within 4 days.
The relative orientation of the lipid and carbohydrate moieties of lipochitooligosaccharides related to nodulation factors depends on lipid chain saturation (2005)

Lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) signal the symbiosis of rhizobia with legumes and the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. LCOs 1 and 2 share identical tetrasaccharide scaffolds but different lipid moieties (1, LCO-IV(C16:1[9Z], SNa) and , LCO-IV(C16:2[2E,9Z], SNa)). The conformational behaviors of both LCOs were studied by molecular modeling and NMR. Modeling predicts that a small lipid modification would result in a different relative orientation of the lipid and tetrasaccharide moieties. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy reports that both LCOs form small aggregates above 1 mM. Nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (NOESY) data, collected under monomeric conditions, reveals lipid-carbohydrate contacts only for 1, in agreement with the modeling data. The distinct molecular structures of 1 and 2 have the potential to contribute to their selective binding by legume proteins.