gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcination and solid state reaction of ceramic-forming components to provide single-phase ceramic product having fine particle size (1990)

The invention consists of an improved method for the preparation of single phase, fine grained ceramic materials from precursor powder mixtures where at least one of the components of the mixture is an alkali earth carbonate. The process consists of heating the precursor powders in a partial vacuum under flowing oxygen and under conditions where the partial pressure of CO{sub 2} evolved during the calcination is kept to a very low level relative to the oxygen. The process has been found particularly suitable for the preparation of high temperature copper oxide superconducting materials such as YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} ``123`` and YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 4}O{sub 8} ``124``.
Multifunctional, Biocompatible Supramolecular Hydrogelators Consist Only of Nucleobase, Amino Acid, and Glycoside (2011)

The integration of nucleobase, amino acid, and glycoside into a single molecule results in a novel class of supramolecular hydrogelators, which not only exhibit biocompatibility and biostability but also facilitate the entry of nucleic acids into cytosol and nuclei of cells. This work illustrates a simple way to generate an unprecedented molecular architecture from the basic biological building blocks for the development of sophisticated soft nanomaterials, including supramolecular hydrogels.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Oxymetazoline Cream Following Topical Facial Administration for the Treatment of Erythema Associated With Rosacea. (2018)

These findings support the use of oxymetazoline for the treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(2):213-220.
Candidate Taste Receptors in <i>Drosophila</i> (2000)

Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of taste perception in animals, particularly the initial events of taste signaling. A large and diverse family of seven transmembrane domain proteins was identified from the Drosophila genome database with a computer algorithm that identifies proteins on the basis of structure. Eighteen of 19 genes examined were expressed in the Drosophila labellum, a gustatory organ of the proboscis. Expression was not detected in a variety of other tissues. The genes were not expressed in the labellum of a Drosophila mutant, pox-neuro70, in which taste neurons are eliminated. Tissue specificity of expression of these genes, along with their structural similarity, supports the possibility that the family encodes a large and divergent family of taste receptors.
Analysis of novel Sjogren’s syndrome autoantibodies in patients with dry eyes (2017)

Antibodies to SP1, CA6 and PSP occur in some patients with idiopathic dry eyes. Further studies will be needed to determine how many of these patients go on to develop systemic manifestations of SS. Testing for these autoantibodies may allow early recognition of patients with SS. This will lead to improved management of the patients and the development of new strategies to maintain normal lacrimal and salivary gland function in patients with SS.
Digitally assisted deinterlacing for, EDTV (1993)

A compatible enhanced definition television (EDTV) terrestrial broadcasting technique providing for digitally assisted interpolation of the missing lines of interlaced television image sequences resulting in 525/60/1:1 displayed video is presented. An auxiliary bit stream of compressed data consisting of coded motion and reconstruction-mode information can be used to improve greatly the quality of received television images. Due to the restricted bandwidth available, coding operations for the deinterlacing process are implemented on a block basis, over which a limited quad-tree segmentation is applied to enhance reconstruction quality where possible. Receiver complexity is kept low since all necessary motion estimation is performed at the transmitter site. Simulation results demonstrate that this technique enables high-quality progressive image representation within the constrained-transmission environment of the traditional interlaced broadcast.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Constant time O(1) bilateral filtering (2008)

This paper presents three novel methods that enable bilateral filtering in constant time O(1) without sampling. Constant time means that the computation time of the filtering remains same even if the filter size becomes very large. Our first method takes advantage of the integral histograms to avoid the redundant operations for bilateral filters with box spatial and arbitrary range kernels. For bilateral filters constructed by polynomial range and arbitrary spatial filters, our second method provides a direct formulation by using linear filters of image powers without any approximation. Lastly, we show that Gaussian range and arbitrary spatial bilateral filters can be expressed by Taylor series as linear filter decompositions without any noticeable degradation of filter response. All these methods drastically decrease the computation time by cutting it down constant times (e.g. to 0.06 seconds per 1MB image) while achieving very high PSNRpsilas over 45 dB. In addition to the computational advantages, our methods are straightforward to implement.
P1059REMOVAL OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND PROTEIN-BOUND UREMIC RETENTION SOLUTES WITH ALLO-HEMODIALYSIS: RESULTS FROM EX VIVO STUDY (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims It is projected that in 2030, 14.5 million people will have end stage kidney disease and need kidney replacement therapy, yet only 5.4 million will receive it due to economic, social, and political factors. We have proposed allo-hemodialysis (alloHD) as a simple and low-cost HD alternative (https://www.kidneynews.org/kidney-news/features/buddy-dialysis-probed-hemodialysis-alternative). In alloHD, the patient’s blood is dialyzed against the blood of a healthy subject (‘buddy’), who receives the excess fluid and uremic solutes and excretes them via his/her healthy kidneys. Method We conducted ex vivo experiment with bovine whole blood, 4L in a patient and buddy bucket, respectively. In this setup, buddy blood flows through the dialyzer fiber lumen, while patient blood flows in the dialysate space (Nipro Cellentia 17H dialyzer). The patient blood was spiked with urea, creatinine, potassium chloride, indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS); solute levels on the buddy side were not altered. The alloHD session lasted for 3 hours, the ultrafiltration (UF) volume was 750 mL. The blood flow rates were kept constant at 150 and 200 mL/min on the patient and buddy side, respectively. Heparin (5000 IU/L) was added to either bucket. The alloHD machine prototype comprises 2 pumps on the buddy side and one on patient side (Figure 1A). UF is controlled by the blood flow rate differential between the buddy-sided arterial and venous pumps, respectively. Results The levels of small unbound solutes (urea, creatinine, potassium) equilibrate quickly between patient and buddy buckets (Fig. 1B, top panel). Of note, the buddy-sided potassium equilibrium concentration is lower, because ongoing UF dilutes albumin in the buddy bucket and concentrates it in the patient bucket, resulting in a Gibbs-Donnan potential. The protein-bound uremic solutes IS and pCS equilibrate towards lower total concentrations on the buddy side due to the earlier mentioned UF-induced albumin dilution. Of note, the levels of free IS and pCS, respectively, converge on both sides of the dialyzer membrane (Fig 1B, bottom panel). Conclusion Our ex vivo data suggest that alloHD can be used to treat hyperkalemia, a major cause of death in acute and chronic kidney failure. Both unbound and protein-bound low molecular weight uremic solutes are also removed. With elimination of “classical” dialysate, we simplify the HD procedure and reduce machine size and costs significantly, making it an affordable HD alternative. Feasibility and efficacy studies in animal models are the next step.
Making Displaced Holograms At Two Wavelengths (1989)

Two-wavelength holographic system augmented with pair of prisms to introduce small separation between holograms formed simultaneously at two wavelengths on holographic plate. Principal use in study of flows. Gradients in index of refraction of fluid caused by variations in temperature, concentration, or both. Holography at one wavelength cannot be used to distinguish between two types of variations. Difference between spacings of fringes in photographs reconstructed from holograms taken simultaneously at two different wavelengths manipulated mathematically to determine type of variation.
Adjuvanted influenza vaccines and their potential role for vaccination of travelers (2010)

Background: Trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) adjuvanted with the emulsion adjuvant MF59® (FLUAD®) is licensed in 29 countries worldwide for adults over 65 years of age. Compared with unadjuvanted TIV, the adjuvanted vaccine provides higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers not only against vaccine strains, but also against drift-variant strains. Usually influenza is transmitted in a single epidemic seasonal epidemic in temperate climates, but it may appear in two epidemics during the year or may be transmitted throughout the year, in subtropical and tropical locations. Although persons travelling from the Northern Hemisphere (NH) to the tropics or antipodes may not have access to the TIV made with strains used in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) formulation, they are nevertheless recommended to receive available NH formulation-TIV because one or more of the strains may overlap and because some degree of protection may be elicited, even by an imperfectly matched vaccine. Methods: The following data from recent clinical trials highlight the cross-protection elicited by the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine. Sera from 222 children, 6-36 months of age, vaccinated with the 2006/07 formulations of FLUAD or unadjuvanted TIV were tested against the H1N1 strain in the 2007/08 formulation (A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1)-like). Sera from adults with chronic illnesses and elderly adults (> 65 years) were similarly tested. Results: In the children geometric mean titer (GMT) HI responses, geometric mean ratios (GMR), and seroprotection (SP) rates were significantly higher in FLUAD recipients. Similar significant differences were seen among 349 adults with chronic illnesses with increased risk for influenza morbidity who were vaccinated with either FLUAD or with an undajuvanted subunit vaccine. Finally, 56 elderly adults who received the 2007/08 FLUAD formulation displayed postvaccination responses against strains in the 2008/09 formulation which met the European Committee for Human Medicinal Products criteria for GMR, SP and SC for the mismatched H1N1 and H3N2 strains. Conclusion: Altogether these results suggest that the greater degree of cross-variant immunity elicited by MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine may offer an advantage in circumstances where travelers may be exposed to antigenically mismatched viruses. Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive
Dramatic reduction of culture time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2014)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, a critical technique for routine diagnosis of tuberculosis, takes more than two weeks. Here, step-by-step improvements in the protocol including a new medium, microaerophlic atmosphere or ascorbic-acid supplement and autofluorescence detection dramatically shortened this delay. In the best case, primary culture and rifampicin susceptibility testing were achieved in 72 hours when specimens were inoculated directly on the medium supplemented by antibiotic at the beginning of the culture.
<i><scp>I</scp>rf5</i>‐deficient mice are protected from pristane‐induced lupus via increased <scp>T</scp>h2 cytokines and altered <scp>I</scp>g<scp>G</scp> class switching (2012)

Polymorphisms in the transcription factor interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) have been identified that show a strong association with an increased risk of developing the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A potential pathological role for IRF5 in SLE development is supported by the fact that increased IRF5 mRNA and protein are observed in primary blood cells of SLE patients and this correlates with an increased risk of developing the disease. Here, we demonstrate that IRF5 is required for pristane-induced SLE via its ability to control multiple facets of autoimmunity. We show that IRF5 is required for pathological hypergammaglobulinemia and, in the absence of IRF5, IgG class switching is reduced. Examination of in vivo cytokine expression (and autoantibody production) identified an increase in Irf5(-/-) mice of Th2 cytokines. In addition, we provide clear evidence that loss of Irf5 significantly weakens the in vivo type I IFN signature critical for disease pathogenesis in this model of murine lupus. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of IRF5 for autoimmunity and provide a significant new insight into how overexpression of IRF5 in blood cells of SLE patients may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Cross-Reactivity of T Lymphocytes Recognizing a Human Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope within BK and JC Virus VP1 Polypeptides (2005)

A transgenic mouse model was used to identify an HLA-A*02-restricted epitope within the VP1 polypeptide of a human polyomavirus, BK virus (BKV), which is associated with polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant patients. Peptide stimulation of splenocytes from mice immunized with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing BKV VP1 resulted in expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognizing the sequence LLMWEAVTV corresponding to amino acid residues 108 to 116 (BKV VP1p108). These effector T-cell populations represented functional CTLs as assessed by cytotoxicity and cytokine production and were cross-reactive against antigen-presenting cells pulsed with a peptide corresponding to the previously described JC virus (JCV) VP1 homolog sequence ILMWEAVTL (JCV VP1p100) (I. J. Koralnik et al., J. Immunol. 168:499-504, 2002). A panel of 10 healthy HLA-A*02 human volunteers and two kidney transplant recipients were screened for T-cell immunity to this BK virus VP1 epitope by in vitro stimulation of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the BKV VP1p108 peptide, followed by tetramer labeling combined with simultaneous assays to detect intracellular cytokine production and degranulation. PBMC from 4/10 subjects harbored CTL populations that recognized both the BKV VP1p108 and the JCV VP1p100 peptides with comparable efficiencies as measured by tetramer binding, gamma interferon production, and degranulation. CTL responses to the JCV VP1p100 epitope have been associated with prolonged survival in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients (R. A. Du Pasquier et al., Brain 127:1970-1978, 2004; I. J. Koralnik et al., J. Immunol. 168:499-504, 2002). Given that both human polyomaviruses are resident in a high proportion of healthy individuals and that coinfection occurs (W. A. Knowles et al., J. Med. Virol. 71:115-123, 2003), our findings suggest a reinterpretation of this protective T-cell immunity, suggesting that the same VP1 epitope is recognized in HLA-A*02 persons in response to either BK or JC virus infection.
The imaging Doppler interferometer: Data analysis (1985)

Imaging Doppler interferometry has been developed as a pulsed‐radar technique for obtaining three‐dimensional images of mesospheric scattering. Here we discuss the analysis procedure and algorithms and show the results of processing synthetic data records for a variety of situations.
4H-silicon carbide modified-anode gate turn-offthyristor (2000)

Drift-diffusion model simulations of a pn-pn-pn type silicon carbide modified-anode gate turn-off (MA-GTO) thyristor structure indicate that the addition of thin n-p layers below the p-type anode region assists hole injection into the drift region of the thyristor. This allows current crowding to be avoided by increasing the dopant concentration of the n-type gated base layer without the consequence of a drastic increase in on-state voltage drop and holding current.
A low temperature IC compatible process for fabricating surface micromachined metallic microchannels (2002)

In this paper we describe a method for surface fabrication of metallic microchannels. Arrays of five and seven microchannels have been fabricated using thick photoresist as a sacrificial layer. The microchannels are fabricated on a silicon and glass substrates using nickel as the structural material and gold as the coating of inside walls. Individual microchannels range from 30 /spl mu/m to 1.5 mm in width, 500 /spl mu/m to several mm in length, and 13 /spl mu/m to 30 /spl mu/m in thickness. The microchannel fabrication technology allows fabrication of relatively large cross sectional surface microchannels using a low temperature process that is compatible with integrated circuit (IC) fabrication technology as a post process.
A Modified Doherty Power Amplifier With Extended Bandwidth and Reconfigurable Efficiency (2013)

This paper derives the theory and presents measurements of a new power amplifier based on the Doherty power amplifier topology. It is theoretically shown that the proposed amplifier can simultaneously provide high efficiency at both full output power and at output power back-off, over a much improved bandwidth compared to the conventional Doherty power amplifier. It is also shown that the proposed amplifier allows reconfiguration of the efficiency in power back-off without the need of tunable elements.
DEFCON: Defect Acceleration through Content Optimization (2022)

During manufacturing of integrated circuits, it is imperative for cost and quality that defects that occur on die are screened early in the test process, preferably before packaging. As part of screening, stress steps are performed to accelerate latent defects so that they become observable and are detected by subsequent test steps. Traditionally, the levers for applying stress have been increased supply voltage and temperature while concurrently running a sliver of content that had been created to “test” defects. In this paper, we describe a methodology to generate content specifically targeting stress at latent defects by maximizing electrical activity. Our goal is to efficiently accelerate all classes of latent defects. This paper will give details of the technology and content generation methodology for scanned digital logic. Silicon results are provided on a recent client product. Ongoing work that extends this to address latent defects in other areas of the die are outlined.
High‐Power Multimode Random Fiber Laser for Speckle‐Free Imaging (2021)

Abstract New light sources with low spatial coherence and high brightness are crucial for high‐quality imaging. In this paper, such a light source is reported, which is formed by combining random lasing used as seed light with a multimode fiber (MMF) mediated master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) for power scaling and spatial decoherence. Experimental results show that the proposed multimode random fiber laser (MM‐RFL), with low noise, high spectral density, and high power efficiency, can achieve a maximum output power of 100.6 W and speckle contrast of as low as 0.037. Furthermore, MM‐RFL‐based speckle‐free imaging is demonstrated. The imaging quality can be improved by increasing the output power of the MM‐RFL as its spatial coherence decreases with an increasing number of effective modes excited in the MMF. Such a MM‐RFL provides a powerful light source for speckle‐free imaging applications where high power and low spatial coherence are essential for high‐quality imaging.
Use of a tapered fluidized bed as a Continuous bioreactor (1976)

Reactor systems based on tapered fluidized beds are being developed for aqueous bioprocesses in which adhering microorganisms or immobilized active biological fractions are used. The use of a fluidized bed prevents biomass buildup, accommodates particulates in the feed stream, is compatible with gas sparging, and allows easy removal or addition of the active materials. The tapered reactor tends to stabilize the fluidized bed, thus allowing a much wider range of operating conditions. Preliminary experimental results and an empirical mathematical model of the tapered bed indicate that bed stability is associated with a decreasing velocity and void-fraction profile up the bed and the pressure drop across the bed decreases with increasing flow rates. The tapered fluidized bed bioreactor is being evaluated for use in the enzymatic production of hydrogen, microbiological denitrification, and microbiological degradation of coal conversion aqueous waste streams. The enzyme catalyzed conversion of lactose to glucose and galactose was used in the evaluation of the reactor concept.
Cross Coherence and Joint PDF of the Bartlett and Capon Power Spectral Estimates (2007)

The Bartlett algorithm results from a conventional (Fourier or beamforming) approach to power spectral estimation and the Capon algorithm results from an adaptive approach. Both algorithms make use of the data sample covariance matrix (SCM). The Bartlett algorithm relies directly on the SCM, while the Capon approach relies on the inverse of the SCM. Since both statistics depend on the same data, they are not independent in general. While the marginal distribution of each statistic is well-known, the joint dependence is unknown. This paper presents a complete statistical summary of the joint dependence of the Bartlett and Capon statistics, showing that the dependence is expressible via a 2 times 2 complex Wishart matrix where the coupling is determined by a single measure of coherence defined herein. Interestingly, this measure of coherence leads to a new two-dimensional algorithm capable of yielding better resolution than the Capon algorithm.
Electrical resistance tomography (2004)

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is a method that calculates the subsurface distribution of electrical resistivity from a large number of resistance measurements made from electrodes. For in-situ applications, ERT uses electrodes on the ground surface or in boreholes. It is a relatively new imaging tool in geophysics. The basic concept was first described by Lytle and Dines as a marriage of traditional electrical probing (introduced by the Schlumberger brothers) and the new data inversion methods of tomography. Development of both the theory and practice of ERT was confined mostly to the late 1980s and the 1990s. Tomographic inversion added important new capabilities as it was more general, accurate, and rigorous at spatial imaging of geophysical electrical resistance data than earlier pseudosection or curve fitting methods.
Experimental investigations and parametric studies of surface roughness measurements using spectrally correlated speckle images (2017)

The surface roughness parameters encoded in a speckle pattern can be effectively extracted through correlation experiments. In the case of spectrally correlated speckle images, the degree of decorrelation arises from wavelength difference in the laser light irradiated on the surface. To obtain accurate results in such methodology, a proper design of experiments is important due to more than one parameter involved in the experiment. Here, experimental investigations and parametric studies of surface roughness measurements using spectral speckle correlation methodology are presented, considering the potential variables in the system. The sources of error and factors affecting the accuracy in measurement are identified and the experimental results obtained from standard calibration plate samples are presented.