gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building class-based language models with contextual statistics (2002)

Novel clustering algorithms are proposed by using the contextual statistics of words for class-based language models. The minimum discriminative information (MDI) is used as a distance measure. Three algorithms are implemented to build bigram language models for a vocabulary of 50000 words over a corpus of over 200 million words. The computational cost of the algorithms and the resulting LM perplexity are studied. The comparisons between the MDI algorithm and the maximum mutual information algorithm are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the new algorithms. It is shown that the MDI approaches make the tree-building clustering possible with large vocabulary.
Needle localization of nonpalpable breast lesions with a portable dual-grid compression system. Work in progress. (1989)

A new device and a geometric algorithm facilitate consistent insertion of a needle tip into nonpalpable breast lesions on a single attempt. With the breast compressed by dual grid plates, two oblique exposures are taken. Three intersecting planes through the lesion referenced to the grid markings permit easy determination of the lesion coordinates. In initial trials for preoperative breast lesion localization in 11 patients, the needle tip was within the lesion in nine patients and was within 0.5 cm of the lesion in two patients. The results indicate that this system is very useful for accurate localization and needle aspiration of breast lesions.
Diabetic neuropathic pain: a role for testosterone metabolites (2014)

Diabetic neuropathy is associated with neuropathic pain in about 50% of diabetic subjects. Clinical management of neuropathic pain is complex and so far unsatisfactory. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the testosterone metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 3α-diol, on nociceptive and allodynia thresholds and on molecular and functional parameters related to pain modulation in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord and in the dorsal root ganglia of rats rendered diabetic by streptozotocin injection. Furthermore, the levels of DHT and 3α-diol were analyzed in the spinal cord. Diabetes resulted in a significant decrease in DHT levels in the spinal cord that was reverted by DHT or 3α-diol treatments. In addition, 3α-diol treatment resulted in a significant increase in 3α-diol in the spinal cord compared with control values. Both steroids showed analgesic properties on diabetic neuropathic pain, affecting different pain parameters and possibly by different mechanisms of action. Indeed, DHT counteracted the effect of diabetes on the mechanical nociceptive threshold, pre- and post-synaptic components, glutamate release, astrocyte immunoreactivity, and expression of interleukin-1β (IL1β), while 3α-diol was effective on tactile allodynia threshold, glutamate release, astrocyte immunoreactivity and the expression of substance P, toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor β-1, IL1β, and translocator protein. These results indicate that testosterone metabolites are potential agents for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain.
A New Non-Isolated Low-Power Inductorless Piezoelectric DC–DC Converter (2019)

We present a new non-isolated low-power inductorless piezoelectric resonant converter. The piezoelectric material is used as an energy storage element like an inductance in a classical buck-boost power electronic converter. As opposed to most existing piezoelectric converters, the proposed topology enables to dynamically adjust the output power and ratio keeping a high efficiency for a large range of output powers and for a large range of conversion ratios taking advantage of piezoelectric high-quality factor and achieving zero-voltage switching. A theoretical analysis of the step-up converter using an energetic approach is introduced and enables a fast and reliable predesign of the piezoelectric component. This analysis is in perfect agreement with the simulation model performed on MATLAB/Simulink. For a given piezoelectric resonator both analytical and simulation models provide very high efficiencies for different output powers. The converter is tested experimentally with a 10 V input voltage using the piezoelectric radial resonance mode. An efficiency higher than 98% for a 160 mW power conversion is achieved, decreasing slowly to 78% at 1.4 W. For a large range of voltage gains, the efficiency remains higher than 90% up to an output power of 750 mW. The experimental results are in perfect agreement with the theoretical analysis until 500 mW.
Influence of Hot Rolled Steel Surface Condition on Galvanizing Reaction (1993)

The hot dip galvanizing mechanism of hot rolled Al killed steel sheets with various surface conditions were investigated.It was found that various factors of steel surface conditions affected the galvanizing reaction. The appearance of Zn coatings was improved in adequate pickling time. This pickling time affected the residual scale, smudge and surface roughness. Surface roughness of hot rolled steel sheets varied with pickling time and pretreatment methods affected the galvanizing reaction. The appearance and adhesion of Zn coating became better in a small range of surface roughness. More ramarkable result was that reactivity of substrate in molten zinc depended on the pretreatment methods. Mechanical polishing and skinpass rolling of steel sheets increased the reactivity of substrate in molten zinc more than just pickling and electropolising. Increase of residual strain and stress on the steel surface by mechanical pretreatment was observed by X-ray diffraction method. It seemed that active sites such as the lattice deffects of substrate increased by mechanical pretreatments, and therefore Zn-Fe reaction increased.
Telemetry, Summer 2014 (2014)

Inside This Issue:--Message from the Director--New McNair Scholars Summer Research Internship Begins!--Research in the Capitol--Student Spotlight—Virginia Mccall--Congratulations to our Graduating Seniors--Contact Information
Green Chemical Technologies (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction What are Green Chemistry and Green Engineering? Evaluating the Environmental Effects of Chemistry and Green Metrics Alternative Solvents Energy Considerations: Microwaves, Ultrasound, Electricity and Light Catalysts Conclusions References
Applying Location-Aware Linkcell-Based Data Management to Context-Aware Mobile Business Services (2007)

Providing location-aware services to mobile users comes with an inherent service-degrading data management problem for which the location-aware linkcell-based data management method was developed as a solution. Context-aware services are often viewed as generalizations of location-aware services; thus, many context-aware application systems necessarily inherit the data management problems associated with any subsumed location- aware subsystems. Despite their potential to solve these problems, linkcell-based methods have not been previously examined for use in context-aware applications. This article explores how linkcell-based methods may be incorporated into context-aware applications to support the provision of context-aware services to mobile business users. The article begins by reviewing the essentials of linkcell-based data management. Next it decomposes a prototypical context-aware system into its essential components and then contemplates how the linkcell method may be reformulated to support the data management requirements associated with providing context-aware mobile business services.
Wet steam wetness measurement in a 10 MW steam turbine (2014)

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new design of the extinction probes developed for wet steam wetness measurement in steam turbines. This new generation of small sized extinction probes was developed at CTU in Prague. A data processing technique is presented together with yielded examples of the wetness distribution along the last blade of a 10MW steam turbine. The experimental measurement was done in cooperation with Doosan Škoda Power s.r.o.
Effect of Latanoprost or 8-iso Prostaglandin E2 Alone and in Combination on Intraocular Pressure in Glaucomatous Monkey Eyes (2000)

At least 50% of patients are treated with more than 1 ocular hypotensive medication. Thus, the determination of the additive effects on IOP of glaucoma medications will help to define optimum treatment regimens.
Virtual instrument based online monitoring, real-time detecting and automatic diagnosis management system for multi-fiber lines (2011)

Along with the popularity of the optical fiber communication, virtual instrument based online monitoring real-time detecting and automatic diagnosis management system on multi-fiber is proposed in this paper. To manage fiber lines and landmarks, simplified landmark map are presented based on the landmark list. Multi-fiber lines are online monitored, which may have the different or same parameters. When the optical power of any monitored line exceeds the set threshold, the subsystem gives a low power alarm, detecting subsystem will be started automatically to detect alarmed line. After data processing and analysis of detection results, then draws the result curve in the virtual instrument panel. User can locate plot of the curve, and zoom in event curve based on the event list. It utilizes detection results, event list, landmark list and simplified landmarks map synthetically, and presents comprehensive diagnosis conclusion of detection based on the map. To avoid fault, the system predicts fault in future through the analysis of a period of the historical detection result. This system has the advantages of excellent stability, powerful analysis, friendly interface, and convenient operation.
High-Efficiency UV LEDs using Quaternary InAlGaN (2005)

High-efficiency ultraviolet (UV) light sources are very attractive for application to white lighting, high-density memories, medical fields, etc. We have demonstrated that 300-370 nm UV emission is considerably enhanced by the introduction of several percent of In into AlGaN due to an In-segregation effect. We fabricated 310 nm band UV LEDs with quaternary InAlGaN emitting layers on sapphire substrate and obtained sub-milliwatt output power. We also fabricated 350 nm band InAlGaN-based quantum-well (QW) LEDs on GaN substrates in order to eliminate the effects of threading dislocations. The maximum UV output power obtained was as high as 7.4 mW under room temperature (RT) CW operation. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) was 1.1% with an injection current of 50 mA, which is the highest EQE ever obtained for 350 nm band UV LEDs with top-emission geometry.
Kinematics Analysis of a Humanoid Leg With Redundancy Freedom (2006)

Most of exist humanoid legs have 6 degrees of freedom (DOF). This paper proposes a new leg mechanism with 7 DOFs, and three DOFs in the hip, one DOF in the knee and three DOFs in the ankle. And in the hip joints, a mechanism called double spherical joint is adopted, which has six DOFs and those six axes intersect in one point. This mechanism is for humanoid hip joints with a waist joint function without increasing an actuator. And there are three degrees of freedom (DOF) in the ankle; therefore it is possible for the robot to perform multiple postures even if the positions of the hip and trunk are fixed
Mode Division Multiplexed Transmission with a weakly- coupled Few-Mode Fiber (2012)

We review mode-division multiplexing highlighting the possibilities of weakly-coupled systems: hybrid optical/digital mode separation and reduced receiver complexity. A recent experiment of 5 mode transmission over 40km demonstrates the potentials of this technology.
Utilizing "Over-Seas" Technology Improves the Cementing Processes in the DJ Basin of Colorado (2003)

Abstract Cementing a liner string from the older Codell wellbores down to the J-Sand formation has been an important project in the DJ Basin for Kerr-McGee. The existing Codell wellbores have been deepened with a liner string because in 1998 the J-Sand well spacing was reduced from 160 acres down to 40 acres. The decrease in the spacing requirements created an infill drilling and deepening program in the DJ Basin. Typical cement volumes for J-Sand deepenings liner strings have been small, requiring 35 sacks of cement. The small cement volumes combined with the high bottom hole temperature (265°F) and narrow casing/hole clearances have made cementing practices difficult to implement for the service companies and operators in the DJ Basin. Traditional cementing practices have resulted in a +/- 10% failure rate in cementing the liner strings. The 10% failure rate and the "gray hair" factor that comes with cementing liners has been overcome with the use of overseas technology. Instead of dry powder cement, a Fluidized Cement Premix (FCP) has been utilized and pumped on more than 100 liner cement jobs with no problems for the service company or operator. The objective of this paper is to identify and evaluate the benefits derived from switching from the conventional dry slurry to the FCP slurry. The benefits will be shown through the use of a statistical comparison of job success plus cost and a qualitative comparison of cement bond log signatures. The economic benefits will be explored for both the operators and the service company.
The DiGeorge syndrome minimal critical region contains a goosecoid-like (GSCL) homeobox gene that is expressed early in human development. (1997)

The majority of patients with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) have deletions of chromosomal region 22q11.2. The abnormalities observed in these patients include conotruncal cardiac defects, thymic hypoplasia or aplasia, hypocalcemia, and characteristic facial features. To understand the genetic basis of these disorders, we have characterized genes within the region that is most consistently deleted in patients with DGS/VCFS, the minimal DiGeorge critical region (MDGCR). In this report, we present the identification and characterization of a novel gene, GSCL, in the MDGCR, with homology to the homeodomain family of transcription factors. Further, we provide evidence that this gene is expressed in a limited number of adult tissues as well as in early human development. The identification of GSCL required a genomic sequence-based approach because of its restricted expression and high GC content. The early expression, together with the known role of homeobox-containing proteins in development, make GSCL an outstanding candidate for some of the abnormalities seen in DGS/VCFS.
Carbon Composites: Composites with Carbon Fibers, Nanofibers, and Nanotubes (2016)

Carbon Composites: Composites with Carbon Fibers, Nanofibers, and Nanotubes, Second Edition, provides the reader with information on a wide range of carbon fiber composites, including polymer-matrix, metal-matrix, carbon-matrix, ceramic-matrix and cement-matrix composites. In contrast to other books on composites, this work emphasizes materials rather than mechanics. This emphasis reflects the key role of materials science and engineering in the development of composite materials. The applications focus of the book covers both the developing range of structural applications for carbon fiber composites, including military and civil aircraft, automobiles and construction, and non-structural applications, including electromagnetic shielding, sensing/monitoring, vibration damping, energy storage, energy generation, and deicing. In addition to these new application areas, new material in this updated edition includes coverage of cement-matrix composites, carbon nanofibers, carbon matrix precursors, fiber surface treatment, nanocarbons, and hierarchical composites. An ideal source of information for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and professionals working with composite materials and carbon fibers, this book can be used both as a reference book and as a textbook. Introduces the entire spectrum of carbon fiber composites, including polymer-matrix, metal-matrix, carbon-matrix, ceramic-matrix and cement-matrix composites Systematically sets out the processing, properties, and applications of each type of material Emphasizes processing as the foundation of understanding, manufacturing, and designing with composite materials
A hybrid multi-scale segmentation approach for remotely sensed imagery (2005)

The general image segmentation approach used in other domains may not be applicable to the remote sensing field, which is due to the following factors: remotely sensed data is multi-spectral, always very large in size, and in multi-scale as well. How to quickly and efficiently segment remotely sensed imagery is still a big issue to be solved. Based on human vision mechanism, a new hybrid multi-scale segmentation approach is presented, which is implemented at three coarse-to-fine scale levels. First, remotely sensed imagery is segmented at a coarse scale, and image regions (segments) are produced. Then, the corresponding regions in the original image are segmented by another segmentation approach one by one at the fine scale. From the experiment results, we found the approach is rather promising. However, there still exists some problems to be settled, and further researches should be conducted in the future.
Active area limitation of Ge/GaAs heterojunctions by means of B ion implantation (1986)

We have investigated the limitation of the active area of p-n Ge/GaAs heterojunctions by means of B ion implantation into the interface of Ge/GaAs structure. Germanium epilayers were grown on (100) GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy at a substrate temperature above 450 °C with a growth rate of about 10 nm/min. The Ge/GaAs heterojunction diode, fabricated with p-n Ge/GaAs structure which was grown at the substrate temperature of 500 °C, represented a forward current voltage shoulder of 0.44 V and a breakdown voltage of 44 V. The ideality factor and the backward step recovery time of this diode was 1.09 and about 10 ns, respectively, similar to a Schottky barrier diode with same active area. In order to use the n-GaAs substrate as an emitter of a heterobipolar transistor, it is necessary to limit the current flow into the same area of the collector through the base region. To realize this idea, B ions were implanted through the Ge epilayer, and the high-resistivity region was formed in the GaAs substrate at Ge/GaAs interface. The forward current of the B ion implanted junction was suppressed 4–5 orders of magnitude in comparison to that of a non B implanted junction.
Endocrinology: Midluteal immunoreactive  -inhibin serum concentrations as markers of luteal phase deficiency (1996)

The present prospective clinical study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of midluteal phase serum immunoreactive alpha-inhibin concentrations as markers of luteal phase deficiency and whether they are better indicators of biopsy confirmed luteal phase defect than serum progesterone. Consecutive patients (n = 138) with regular menstrual cycles attending our Infertility Clinic (experimental group) and 15 fertile women who were requesting contraception and had regular menstrual patterns (control group) were included. In all women (patients and controls), basal body temperature, midluteal serum concentrations of oestradiol, prolactin, progesterone and immunoreactive alpha-inhibin, and premenstrual endometrial biopsy were used in the same cycle to assess luteal function. Out-of-phase secretory endometria were detected in 15 of the 138 patients. Thus, hormonal concentrations were compared between the following three groups of women: group 1 (n = 15), infertile patients with defective secretory endometria; group 2 (n = 123), infertile patients with normal secretory endometria; and controls (n = 15), fertile women with normal secretory endometria. Midluteal serum concentrations of progesterone, immunoreactive alpha-inhibin, oestradiol, and prolactin of the two groups studied were similar to those of the control group of fertile women. Our results indicate that midluteal serum inhibin determination does not accurately reflect histological maturation of the endometrium and it is not a better indicator of endometrial luteal phase deficiency than midluteal serum progesterone concentration.
Supporting detail-in-context for the DNA representation, H-curves (1998)

This paper presents a tool for the visual exploration of DNA sequences represented as H-curves. Although very long sequences can be plotted using H-curves, micro-features are lost as sequences get longer. We present a new three-dimensional distortion algorithm to allow the magnification of a sub-segment of an H-curve while preserving a global view of the curve. This is particularly appropriate for H-curves as they provide useful visual information at several resolutions. Our approach also extends the current possibilities of detail-in-context viewing in 3D. It provides a non-occluding, orthogonal technique that preserves uniform scaling within regions and maintains geometric continuity between regions.
Review of Developments in Portable Hydrogen Production Using Microreactor Technology (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReview of Developments in Portable Hydrogen Production Using Microreactor TechnologyJamelyn D. Holladay, Yong Wang, and Evan JonesView Author Information Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division, Richland, Washington 99352 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 10, 4767–4790Publication Date (Web):September 21, 2004Publication History Received14 January 2004Published online21 September 2004Published inissue 1 October 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020721bCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4500Altmetric-Citations293LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (791 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Fuel cells,Hydrogen,Oxides Get e-Alerts