gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen deficiency does not alter the healing of tympanic membrane perforations in vitro (2007)

Plasminogen deficiency does not alter the healing of tympanic membrane perforations in vitro
<title>Electrostatic master proofing using photopolymer images</title> (1990)

An electrostatic imaging system using permanently imaged photopolymers as printing masters is being developed for producing multiple copies of four color proofs with high productivity and consistency. The imaging element - the master film, is based on electrical conductivity change induced by photopolymerization. After corona charging, the electrostatic latent images are developed by liquid toners and the toner images transferred to a receptor in sequence to yield a color proof. The original photopolymer images may be re-used to produce multiple copies by repeating the charging, toning and transfer steps.
The role of aromatase inhibitors in ameliorating deleterious effects of ovarian stimulation on outcome of infertility treatment (2005)

Clinical utilization of ovulation stimulation to facilitate the ability of a couple to conceive has not only provided a valuable therapeutic approach, but has also yielded extensive information on the physiology of ovarian follicular recruitment, endometrial receptivity and early embryo competency. One of the consequences of the use of fertility enhancing agents for ovarian stimulation has been the creation of a hyperestrogenic state, which may influence each of these parameters. Use of aromatase inhibitors reduces hyperestrogenism inevitably attained during ovarian stimulation. In addition, the adjunct use of aromatase inhibitors during ovarian stimulation reduces amount of gonadotropins required for optimum stimulation. The unique approach of reducing hyperestrogenism, as well as lowering amount of gonadotropins without affecting the number of mature ovarian follicles is an exciting strategy that could result in improvement in the treatment outcome by ameliorating the deleterious effects of the ovarian stimulation on follicular development, endometrial receptivity, as well as oocyte and embryo quality.
Changes in protein profile of susceptible and resistant sugar pine foliage infected with the white pine blister rust fungus<i>Cronartium ribicola</i> (1993)

(1993). Changes in protein profile of susceptible and resistant sugar pine foliage infected with the white pine blister rust fungus Cronartium ribicola. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 259-264.
Uridine Composition of the Poly-U/UC Tract of HCV RNA Defines Non-Self Recognition by RIG-I (2012)

Viral infection of mammalian cells triggers the innate immune response through non-self recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in viral nucleic acid. Accurate PAMP discrimination is essential to avoid self recognition that can generate autoimmunity, and therefore should be facilitated by the presence of multiple motifs in a PAMP that mark it as non-self. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA is recognized as non-self by RIG-I through the presence of a 5'-triphosphate (5'-ppp) on the viral RNA in association with a 3' poly-U/UC tract. Here we define the HCV PAMP and the criteria for RIG-I non-self discrimination of HCV by examining the RNA structure-function attributes that impart PAMP function to the poly-U/UC tract. We found that the 34 nucleotide poly-uridine "core" of this sequence tract was essential for RIG-I activation, and that interspersed ribocytosine nucleotides between poly-U sequences in the RNA were required to achieve optimal RIG-I signal induction. 5'-ppp poly-U/UC RNA variants that stimulated strong RIG-I activation efficiently bound purified RIG-I protein in vitro, and RNA interaction with both the repressor domain and helicase domain of RIG-I was required to activate signaling. When appended to 5'-ppp RNA that lacks PAMP activity, the poly-U/UC U-core sequence conferred non-self recognition of the RNA and innate immune signaling by RIG-I. Importantly, HCV poly-U/UC RNA variants that strongly activated RIG-I signaling triggered potent anti-HCV responses in vitro and hepatic innate immune responses in vivo using a mouse model of PAMP signaling. These studies define a multi-motif PAMP signature of non-self recognition by RIG-I that incorporates a 5'-ppp with poly-uridine sequence composition and length. This HCV PAMP motif drives potent RIG-I signaling to induce the innate immune response to infection. Our studies define a basis of non-self discrimination by RIG-I and offer insights into the antiviral therapeutic potential of targeted RIG-I signaling activation.
A Space Vector Modulation Scheme for Matrix Converter that Gives Top Priority to the Improvement of the Output Control Performance (2008)

This Paper proposes a novel conversion scheme of switching patterns for three-phase to three-phase matrix converters. The conventional virtual indirect conversion method is equivalent to PWM technique via an ordinary PWM rectifier/inverter, offering the advantage that no complicated specialized control is required. On the other hand, 6 of 27 switching patterns cannot be used in this method, because the inputs and outputs are always connected by way of the virtual DC link that is composed of 2 lines. This paper therefore defines the direct space vectors that can express the all 27 switching patterns and utilizes the geometric relationship of direct space vectors so that all switching patterns can be converted from other arbitrary vectors. This conversion scheme also allows the duty factor conversion with simple calculation by utilizing the duties of the virtual indirect conversion approach. In particular, the above-mentioned 6 switching patterns that have been restricted can be fully utilized for reducing output voltage harmonics, switching losses and common-mode voltages. The validity of the proposed conversion method is proven from the experimental results compared with a conventional virtual indirect method.
Time Synchronization for Multi-Link D2D/V2X Communication (2016)

Direct device-to-device (D2D) communication is considered to be part of fifth generation (5G) networks, while embodying vehicle-to- anything (V2X) communication into the recently defined Long Term Evolution (LTE) sidelink is already on the way. Coexistence of in-band D2D and cellular transmissions requires time synchronization between multiple links to prevent from interference and avoid using longer cyclic prefix or guard bands. This paper proposes a synchronization solution enabling interference-free coexistence of inter-cellular sidelink and existing cellular links, also considering non- synchronized base stations. Multiple synchronization sources including base stations, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and mobile users are hierarchically combined and network-instructed synchronization avoids any misalignments. Out-of-coverage users can form or join existing mobile networks by deploying the proposed distributed algorithm, which is found to limit the residual average timing error to below 0.5 μs.
A novel, shape-selective, zeolite-catalyzed synthesis of calix(4)pyrroles. (2001)

Porosity and acidity of molecular sieve Al-MCM-41 (ca. 30 A pore diameter) plays a crucial role in the synthesis of novel calix(4)pyrroles; for the first time, Al-MCM-41 has been used as a solid acid catalyst to produce a number of calix(4)pyrroles with good selectivity ad yields where zeolite HY (ca. 7.6 A pore diameter) yields mainly the linear chain dimer and no cyclic products.
Guanylate Cyclase C Agonists as a New Class of Drug Candidates to Delay Progression of Colitis to Colonic Tumors in ApcMin/+ Mice: 2011 ACG Presidential Poster (2011)

Purpose: Uroguanylin (UG) is a peptide hormone produced in the GI tract lumen where it binds to Guanylate Cyclase C (GC-C), which results in enhanced production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and in activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Earlier we reported that UG expression is suppressed in human colon tumors and oral treatment with UG inhibited not only the formation of adenomas but also their progression in ApcMin/+ mice. Plecanatide (SP-304), a highly potent analog of UG, ameliorated GI inflammation in the DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis models via downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we report that GC-C agonists inhibit formation of colonic adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice. Methods: ApcMin/+ mice (7 wks of age) were randomized to receive either powdered Harlan Teklad 2018SX diet or the same diet supplemented with plecanatide. DSS (4%) was administered in the drinking water for two cycles. Cycle 1 consisted of 4 days of DSS plus 17 days of water. Cycle 2 consisted of 3 days of DSS plus 18 days of water. Mice were sacrificed at 15 wks of age. The number of tumors per animal was counted for each segment of the colon. The level of UG, Ki-67 and β-catenin transcripts within the colon was also measured. The effect of plecanatide on the expression of inflammatory cytokines was examined in explant cultures. Results: Oral treatment with plecanatide (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the multiplicity of tumors within the colon. Expression of UG was reduced following DSS treatment but partially restored following treatment with plecanatide. The treatment increased the expression of protein kinase G-II (PKG-II) and decreased levels of Ki-67 and cytoplasmic β-catenin. As expected, treatment with plecanatide also induced apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells. In explant cultures, plecanatide reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23. Conclusion: This is the first report that oral treatment with plecanatide inhibits inflammation-induced generation of colon tumors in ApcMin/+ mice. Treatment with plecanatide not only ameliorated GI inflammation but also reduced the multiplicity of tumors in the colon of ApcMin/+ mice. Plecanatide activated PKG-II, reduced expression of β-catenin and Ki-67, and induced apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells. These results suggest a novel cGMP-mediated mechanism for the anti-neoplastic activity of GC-C agonists. This study opens a novel avenue for development of GC-C agonists as a new class of orally delivered, mucosally active, drug candidates for treatment of GI inflammatory diseases and IBD-associated colorectal cancer. (Supported by NIH grants R43 CA 96261-01, R43 CA 96460-01 and R21 CA133689-01A1 to KS.). Disclosure: Kunwar Shailubhai: Joint appointment: CSO of Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Professor at Inst. Hep. Virus Research.
Application-layer throughput control for mobile users in heterogeneous networks (2004)

In mobile wireless environments, bandwidth fluctuations are unpredictable, and the throughput experienced by mobile user applications is dynamic. Real-time tracking of bandwidth variations is desirable to effectively manage the throughput available to a user application at any given time. We propose a throughput control mechanism for applicability over wireless networks, transparent to the underlying transport and network technologies. To improve the utilization of the available throughput, we develop a two-component application-layer, real-time control technique for mobile users traversing diverse networks with varying service rates. We first calculate the weighted average throughput experienced by the user's application. Secondly, we appropriately adjust the download rate to the user based on the real-time average throughput information. In this paper, we detail the throughput control algorithm and provide some initial simulation results.
Static and Moving Object Detection Using Flux Tensor with Split Gaussian Models (2014)

In this paper, we present a moving object detection system named Flux Tensor with Split Gaussian models (FTSG) that exploits the benefits of fusing a motion computation method based on spatio-temporal tensor formulation, a novel foreground and background modeling scheme, and a multi-cue appearance comparison. This hybrid system can handle challenges such as shadows, illumination changes, dynamic background, stopped and removed objects. Extensive testing performed on the CVPR 2014 Change Detection benchmark dataset shows that FTSG outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Time-dependent effects of intermittent hydrostatic pressure on articular chondrocyte type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expression. (2000)

The normal loading of joints during daily activities causes the articular cartilage to be exposed to high levels of intermittent hydrostatic pressure. This study quantified effects of intermittent hydrostatic pressure on expression of mRNA for important extracellular matrix constituents. Normal adult bovine articular chondrocytes were isolated and tested in primary culture, either as high-density monolayers or formed aggregates. Loaded cells were exposed to 10 MPa of intermittent hydrostatic pressure at a frequency of 1 Hz for periods of 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hrs. Other cells were intermittently loaded for a period of 4 hrs per day for 4 days. Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess mRNA signal levels for collagen types II and I and aggrecan. The results showed that type II collagen mRNA signal levels exhibited a biphasic pattern, with an initial increase of approximately five-fold at 4 and 8 hrs that subsequently decreased by 24 hrs. In contrast, aggrecan mRNA signal increased progressively up to three-fold throughout the loading period. Changing the loading profile to 4 hrs per day for 4 days increased the mRNA signal levels for type II collagen nine-fold and for aggrecan twenty-fold when compared to unloaded cultures. These data suggest that specific mechanical loading protocols may be required to optimally promote repair and regeneration of diseased joints.
USE OF A DIESEL FUEL PROCESSOR FOR RAPID AND EFFICIENT REGENERATION OF SINGLE LEG NOX ADSORBER SYSTEMS (2003)

Lean NOx adsorber systems are one of the primary candidate technologies for the control of NOx from diesel engines to meet the 2007-2010 US emissions regulations, which require a 90% reduction of NOx from the 2004 regulations. Several of the technical challenges facing this technology are regeneration at low exhaust temperatures and the efficient use of diesel fuel to minimize fuel penalty. A diesel processor system has been developed and tested in a single leg NOx adsorber configuration on a diesel engine test stand. During NOx adsorber regeneration, this fuel processor system performs reduces the exhaust O2 level to zero and efficiently processes the diesel fuel to H2 and CO. Combined with a Nox adsorber catalyst, this system has demonstrated NOx reduction above 90%, regeneration of the NOx adsorber H2/CO pulses as short as 1 second and fuel penalties in the 3 to 4% range at 50% load. This fuel processor system can also be used to provide the desulfation cycle required with sulfur containing fuels as well as providing thermal management for PM filter regeneration.
The Role of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid as a Cosurfactant on the Morphology Control of Mesoporous Silica Microspheres (2007)

Synthesis of mesoporous silica microspheres larger than 10 microm via surfactant template approach has rarely been reported. According to the previous studies, particle morphologies were highly variable, depending on the synthesis conditions and impeller design such as impeller type, size, and agitation speed. A new robust surfactant-template synthesis strategy for the stable suspension of large silica microspheres was investigated by introducing an additional cosurfactant. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) as a cosurfactant played a key role in suspension stabilization without distorting the spherical morphology as well as in the formation of uniform pore structures. High quality of mesoporous silica microspheres was obtained and compared with the Kosuge's silica under different conditions such as stirring rate, acid concentration, the amount of solvent in a mother liquor.
Continuous Double Recrystallization of Light Soda Ash into Super Dense Soda Ash (2002)

In this work, a new process is explored for the bulk densification of light soda ash. Advantages of the new process are that no (crystal) water needs to be evaporated and that a crystalline super dense soda ash is produced at atmospherical conditions. The so-called “mixed-solvent” process is based on the fact that the transition temperature at which monohydrous and anhydrous soda in contact with an aqueous solution are in equilibrium, can be lowered when a second solvent is applied. Continuous double recrystallization experiments were carried out in mixtures of water and ethylene glycol: first, light soda was recrystallized into monohydrate below the transition temperature, then the temperature was raised above the transition temperature, and monohydrate was converted into solid, anhydrous soda with a high bulk density. Values of up to 1400 kg/m3 were measured. Further, a significant amount of chloride was removed from the soda during the two recrystallization steps. The potential industrial applications of the double recrystallization process are described by Oosterhof et al. (patent application no. EP19980203963 19981124, 2000).
<title>Use of a liquid crystal switch in single-lens-reflex camera</title> (1994)

We propose the use of a liquid-crystal switch consisting of a liquid-crystal cell and a polarizing beam-splitter in a single-lens-reflex camera to replace a mechanical hinged-mirror. Since there is no vibration and noise, the proposed switch is very suitable for a fundus camera.
ChemInform Abstract: ONE‐STEP SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED TETRATHIOFULVALENES UNDER HIGH PRESSURE (1981)

Abstract Unter hohem Druck reagieren Acetylene (I) mit Schwefelkohlenstoff (II) zu den substituierten Tetrathiafulvalenen (III).
Development of a Photolytic Artificial Lung: Preliminary Concept Validation (2003)

There is an established need for pulmonary technology capable of facilitated gas exchange in the blood, thereby bypassing the alveolar-capillary interface. To address this need, we emulated one of the best-known photolytic reactions in nature, photosynthesis, in which green plants use sunlight to drive the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide. Our goal in the current study was to demonstrate the feasibility of direct photolytic conversion of water to liquid phase oxygen (dissolved oxygen [DO]) in synthetic serum. To this end, we constructed a test flow cell consisting of a conductive coating of vacuum-deposited titanium (Ti) metal, adherent TiO2 (anatase), and MnO2, applied as a laminate to a glass substrate, and then immersed the device in Locke's-Ringer solution (synthetic blood serum). Long wavelength (low energy) ultraviolet A laser light, directed to the transparent glass slide, reproducibly resulted in the generation of an active form of oxygen (AO), which was subsequently converted directly by the catalytic action of MnO2 to DO. The absence of light activation provided an entirely null response. We conclude that the photolytic production of DO from water in a blood serum surrogate, with commensurate CO2 clearance, is feasible. A prototype photolytic module is proposed, which uses multiple parallel photolytic surfaces to improve system production capacity and CO2 clearance through selective gas-liquid separation from the oxygen-enriched fluid.
ChemInform Abstract: A COBALT‐CATALYZED STEROID SYNTHESIS (1977)

Abstract Umsetzung des Cyclopentenons (I) mit dem Grignard‐Reagenz (II) und dann mit (CH 3 ) 3 SiCl ergibt den Äther (III), aus dem mit LiNH,/NH3/THF regiospezifisch das Enolat erzeugt wird; dieses wird mit dem aus dem Hydroxydiin (IV) zugänglichen Jodid (V) stereospezifisch zu dem Diastereomerengemisch des Enondiins (VI) alkyliert.
Fiber alignment using electric fields in novel processing of aligned discontinuous fiber composites (1996)

Micro-mechanics models predict that the elastic properties of discontinuous fiber composites approach those of continuous fiber composites when the length of the reinforcements far exceeds the critical fiber length and when the fibers are aligned in the direction of the applied stress. Short fiber composites are typically limited to low performance applications due to the problems in processing long fibers at high volume fractions with controlled fiber orientation. To overcome this performance limitation, a novel approach has been developed where the advances in polymer powder processing of composites is coupled with the phenomenon of fiber alignment in electro-magnetic fields to process aligned discontinuous fiber composites. Starting with fibers of lengths greater than critical fiber length, the Aligned Discontinuous Fiber (ADF) composite process in its general form consists of three unit operations: controlling fiber alignment using electric fields in air; dry polymer powder impregnation of fibers; and compression molding of the flexible aligned discontinuous fiber mat into a composite. This dry, solvent free approach offers tremendous scope for fast fiber alignment in air, resulting in a rapid manufacturing technique for high performance, micro-structure controlled, short fiber composites with a high degree of automation. In this brief communication, the parameters that affectmore » the orientation of fibers in electric fields in the ADF process are reported.« less
Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of an HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor Exploiting X-ray and Thermodynamic Characterization (2013)

The design, synthesis, thermodynamic and crystallographic characterization of a potent, broad spectrum, second-generation HIV-1 entry inhibitor that engages conserved carbonyl hydrogen bonds within gp120 has been achieved. The optimized antagonist exhibits a sub-micromolar binding affinity (110 nM) and inhibits viral entry of clade B and C viruses (IC<sub>50</sub> geometric mean titer of 1.7 and 14.0 μM, respectively), without promoting CD4-independent viral entry. thermodynamic signatures indicate a binding preference for the (<i>R,R</i>)-over the (<i>S,S</i>)-enantiomer. The crystal structure of the small molecule-gp120 complex reveals the displacement of crystallographic water and the formation of a hydrogen bond with a backbone carbonyl of the bridging sheet. Thus, structure-based design and synthesis targeting the highly conserved and structurally characterized CD4:gp120 interface is an effective tactic to enhance the neutralization potency of small molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors.
Clinical implications of the intrinsic efficacy of beta-adrenoceptor drugs in asthma: full, partial and inverse agonism (2009)

Rational choice among beta2-AR agonists in acute and chronic asthma should be influenced by differences in intrinsic efficacy among these agents. In acute severe asthma, a full agonist offers a clinical advantage over a partial agonist. Whereas the use of inverse agonists in the treatment of asthma is still experimental and needs further exploration in future trials, preliminary studies suggest that their chronic use is well tolerated and is associated with decreased airway hyper-responsiveness.
A safe approximate algorithm for interprocedural pointer aliasing (2004)

During execution, when two or more names exist for the same location at some program point, we call them aliases. In a language which allows arbitrary pointers, the problem of determining aliases at a program point is P -space-hard [Lan92]. We present an algorithm for the Conditional May Alias problem, which can be used to safely approximate Interprocedural May Alias in the presence of pointers. This algorithm is as precise as possible in the worst case and has been implemented in a prototype analysis tool for C programs. Preliminary speed and precision results are presented.