gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluxless die bonding for optoelectronics (2002)

Two new approaches are described for epi-down die bonding of diode lasers. The first approach, based on an acetic acid vapor flux, eliminates complications associated with the use of liquid flux in optoelectronic packaging. Based on this approach, InGaAsP/InP laser arrays were soldered onto silicon substrates. These laser arrays, which were passively aligned to single-mode optical fibers on the silicon substrate, had thermal impedances comparable to those obtained using conventional liquid flux. The second approach, called bridged die bonding, is proposed as a technique for reducing stress associated with epi-down bonding of diode lasers with hard solders. Bridged die bonding seeks to minimize bonding stress by avoiding contact of the laser active region with the hard solder. Thermal modeling indicates that the bridged die bonding approach, which uses a solder pattern with an air gap, can provide a thermal impedance comparable to conventional soldering techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and BOLD Responses in Conscious and Anesthetized Rats under Basal and Hypercapnic Conditions: Implications for Functional MRI Studies (2003)

Anesthetics, widely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies to avoid movement artifacts, could have profound effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular coupling relative to the awake condition. Quantitative CBF and tissue oxygenation (blood oxygen level-dependent [BOLD]) were measured, using the continuous arterial-spin-labeling technique with echo-planar-imaging acquisition, in awake and anesthetized (2% isoflurane) rats under basal and hypercapnic conditions. All basal blood gases were within physiologic ranges. Blood pressure, respiration, and heart rates were within physiologic ranges in the awake condition but were depressed under anesthesia (P < 0.05). Regional CBF was heterogeneous with whole-brain CBF values of 0.86 +/- 0.25 and 1.27 +/- 0.29 mL. g-1. min-1 under awake and anesthetized conditions, respectively. Surprisingly, CBF was markedly higher (20% to 70% across different brain conditions) under isoflurane-anesthetized condition compared with the awake state (P < 0.01). Hypercapnia decreased pH, and increased Pco(2) and Po(2). During 5% CO(2) challenge, under awake and anesthetized conditions, respectively, CBF increased 51 +/- 11% and 25 +/- 4%, and BOLD increased 7.3 +/- 0.7% and 5.4 +/- 0.4%. During 10% CO(2) challenge, CBF increased 158 +/- 28% and 47 +/- 11%, and BOLD increased 12.5 +/- 0.9% and 7.2 +/- 0.5%. Since CBF and BOLD responses were substantially higher under awake condition whereas blood gases were not statistically different, it was concluded that cerebrovascular reactivity was suppressed by anesthetics. This study also shows that perfusion and perfusion-based functional MRI can be performed in awake animals.
A sound education. Interview by Mary-Claire Mason. (2010)

Neuro-otology nurse Dillys Wright spent three months working in France to improve the care she offered patients.
A model for hot mirror coating on solar parabolic trough receivers (2016)

Parabolic solar troughs are amongst the most widely studied solar thermal technologies available today. Methods for improving efficiency include the use of selective coatings on the absorber which reduces dominant thermal radiation losses. In this paper, we model a different approach of reducing radiation losses: the glass cover around the absorber can be coated with a hot mirror film, which reflects infrared radiation back onto the absorber. In order to describe such a mechanism, it becomes necessary to model theoretically the long range thermal radiation interactions inside the receiver unit. Our model uses discretization of the active surfaces to account for all the dominant radiation interactions, and can be used in a simulation to establish a temperature profile for the receiver unit, from which thermal properties can be inferred. The results of the simulation are compared to existing simulations and experimental data, wherever possible.
Delay-aware Fountain Codes for Video Streaming with Optimal Sampling Strategy (2016)

The explosive demand of on-line video from smart mobile devices poses unprecedented challenges to delivering high quality of experience (QoE) over wireless networks. Streaming high-definition video with low delay is difficult mainly due to (i) the stochastic nature of wireless channels and (ii) the fluctuating videos bit rate. To address this, we propose a novel delay-aware fountain coding (DAF) technique that integrates channel coding and video coding. In this paper, we reveal that the fluctuation of video bit rate can also be exploited to further improve fountain codes for wireless video streaming. Specifically, we develop two coding techniques: the time-based sliding window and the optimal window-wise sampling strategy. By adaptively selecting the window length and optimally adjusting the sampling pattern according to the ongoing video bit rate, the proposed schemes deliver significantly higher video quality than existing schemes, with low delay and constant data rate. To validate our design, we implement the protocols of DAF, DAF-L (a low-complexity version) and the existing delay-aware video streaming schemes by streaming H.264/AVC standard videos over an 802.11b network on CORE emulation platform. The results show that the decoding ratio of our scheme is 15% to 100% higher than the state of the art techniques.
Prostaglandins and the Urinary Tract (1983)

The impact of prostaglandins on the physiology and pathophysiology of the human urinary tract has been surveyed. It is concluded that in several urinary tract disorders, recent data indicate that prostaglandin and prostaglandin-inhibitors might constitute a future therapeutic alternative to present existing remedies.
Production of Secretory and Extracellular N-Linked Glycoproteins in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2010)

The Campylobacter jejuni pgl gene cluster encodes a complete N-linked protein glycosylation pathway that can be functionally transferred into Escherichia coli. In this system, we analyzed the interplay between N-linked glycosylation, membrane translocation and folding of acceptor proteins in bacteria. We developed a recombinant N-glycan acceptor peptide tag that permits N-linked glycosylation of diverse recombinant proteins expressed in the periplasm of glycosylation-competent E. coli cells. With this "glycosylation tag," a clear difference was observed in the glycosylation patterns found on periplasmic proteins depending on their mode of inner membrane translocation (i.e., Sec, signal recognition particle [SRP], or twin-arginine translocation [Tat] export), indicating that the mode of protein export can influence N-glycosylation efficiency. We also established that engineered substrate proteins targeted to environments beyond the periplasm, such as the outer membrane, the membrane vesicles, and the extracellular medium, could serve as substrates for N-linked glycosylation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the C. jejuni N-glycosylation machinery is compatible with distinct secretory mechanisms in E. coli, effectively expanding the N-linked glycome of recombinant E. coli. Moreover, this simple glycosylation tag strategy expands the glycoengineering toolbox and opens the door to bacterial synthesis of a wide array of recombinant glycoprotein conjugates.
Communicate with financial aid offices to successfully re‐enroll stopped‐out students (2023)

As the enrollment cliff is approaching in 2025, enrollment managers need to explore new and creative methods of re‐engaging with stopped‐out students. Although there has been much written about how to help this population, many students during the pandemic left school for financial reasons, which will require enrollment managers to work closely with financial aid leadership on campus.
New data on the microtubule surface lattice (1991)

The in vitro polymerisation of tubulin is a remarkable example of protein self-assembly in that several closely related microtubule structures coexist on the polymerisation plateau. Unfixed and unstained in vitro assembled microtubules were observed in vitreous ice by cryo-electron microscopy. New results are reported that considerably extend previous observations [47]. In ice, microtubule images have a distinctive contrast related to the number and skew of the protofilaments. The microtubules observed have from twelve to seventeen protofilaments. Comparison with thin sections of pelleted material allows a direct identification of images from microtubules with thirteen, fourteen and fifteen protofilaments. A surface lattice accommodation mechanism, previously proposed to explain how variable numbers of protofilaments can be incorporated into the basic thirteen protofilament structure, is described in detail. Our new experimental results are shown to be in overall agreement with the theoretical predictions. Only thirteen protofilament microtubules have unskewed protofilaments, this was confirmed by observations on axoneme fragments. The results imply that the microtubule surface lattice is based on a mixed packing which combines features of the standard A and B lattices.
Mechanisms of Differential Sticking and a Simple Well Site Test for Monitoring and Optimizing Drilling Mud Properties (1996)

Abstract Differential sticking has a major impact on drilling efficiency and well costs. Although some problems can be related to the characteristics of rock formations, or to drilling parameters not related to drilling mud properties, it is widely accepted that the mud formulation and condition strongly influences the risk and severity of differential sticking incidents. In this paper we use our own laboratory data and information from industry publications to formulate the mechanisms of differential sticking and the key drilling mud parameters that can influence the process. Using this knowledge, we have built a simple and robust device for measuring the sticking properties of muds in the laboratory or at the well-site. This device comprises a half area HTHP fluid loss cell which is modified to allow a metal sphere to be placed in contact with a growing mud filtercake. The torque required to rotate the sphere free from the mud cake is determined using an electronic torque gauge. We find that a plot of torque against the 3/4 power of time (this power term derives from the build-up of cake around a spherical object) gives a linear fit to the data, and that the slope of this line is indicative of the sticking potential of the mud. An extensive analysis of laboratory-mixed and field muds indicates that the test gives a good indication of mud condition and allows the user to investigate various options for reducing the sticking potential of the fluid. This information is useful both in the initial selection of mud type and in making technical and economic analyses of various mud treatment options. In addition to the laboratory evaluation described above, the sticking device has been used in several wellsite tests with encouraging results. Some of these are described.
[Cardioprotection of testosterone in rat hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion]. (2009)

The findings show the chronic cardioprotection of testosterone against ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute effect against H2O2-stress injury via opening of mitoK(ATP) channel or/and the inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore.
Verification of Key Generation from Individual OFDM Subcarrier's Channel Response (2015)

This paper presents a key generation system derived from the channel response of individual subcarrier in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Practical aspects of the security were investigated by implementing our key generation scheme on a wireless open-access research platform (WARP), which enables us to obtain channel estimation of individual OFDM subcarriers, a feature not currently available in most commercial wireless interface cards. Channel response of individual OFDM subcarrier is usually a wide sense stationary random process, which allows us to find the optimal probing period and maximize the key generation rate. The implementation requires cross layer design as it involves interaction between physical and MAC layer. We have experimentally verified the feasibility and principles of key generation, and also evaluated the performance of our system in terms of randomness, key generation rate and key disagreement rate, which proves that OFDM subcarrier's channel responses are valid for key generation.
Structure-Based Design of (5-Arylamino-2<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl)-biphenyl-2‘,4‘-diols as Novel and Potent Human CHK1 Inhibitors (2007)

The cocrystal structure of a library hit was used to design a novel series of CHK1 inhibitors. The new series retained the critical hydrogen-bonding groups of the resorcinol moiety for binding but lacked the phenolic anilide moiety. The newly designed compounds exhibited similar enzymatic activity, while demonstrating increased cellular potency. Compound 10c, showing no single agent effect, potentiated the antiproliferative effect of Gemcitabine in both prostate and breast cancer cell lines.
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Polyaniline Nanoparticles with Core-Shell Structure and their Inductive Heating Property in AC Magnetic Field (2007)

The magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ with aqueous NaOH solution. The Fe3O4/polyaniline (PANI) magnetic composite nanoparticles with core-shell structure with diameter of 30-50 nm were prepared via an in-situ polymerization of aniline in aqueous solution containing Fe3O4 magnetic fluid. The inductive heat property of Fe3O4/polyaniline composite nanoparticles in an alternating current (AC) magnetic field was investigated. The potential of Fe3O4/polyaniline nanoparticles was evaluated for localized hyperthermia treatment of cancers. The saturation magnetization Ms and coercivity Hc of Fe3O4 nanoparticles are 50.05 emu/g and 137 Oe respectively, the Fe3O4/polyaniline composite nanoparticles, 26.34 emu/g and 0 Oe. Exposed in the alternating current (AC) magnetic field for 29 min, the temperatures of physiological saline suspension containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles or Fe3O4/polyaniline composite nanoparticles are 63.6 °C and 52.4 °C respectively. The Fe3O4/polyaniline composite nanoparticles would be useful as good thermoseeds for localized hyperthermia treatment of cancers.
ECCA Grading Scale: An Original Validated Acne Scar Grading Scale for Clinical Practice in Dermatology (2006)

ECCA is a new tool which will now be available for dermatologists to use in their everyday practice and for clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of treatments on acne scars.
PERK-dependent Activation of Nrf2 Contributes to Redox Homeostasis and Cell Survival following Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2004)

The accumulation of unfolded proteins elicits a cellular response that triggers both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signaling events. PERK-dependent activation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is critical for survival signaling during this response; however, the mechanism whereby Nrf2 confers a protective advantage to stressed cells remains to be defined. We now demonstrate that Nrf2 activation contributes to the maintenance of glutathione levels, which in turn functions as a buffer for the accumulation of reactive oxygen species during the unfolded protein response. The deleterious effects of Nrf2 or PERK deficiencies could be attenuated by the restoration of cellular glutathione levels or Nrf2 activity. In addition, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production attenuated apoptotic induction following endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our data suggest that perturbations in cellular redox status sensitize cells to the harmful effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, but that other factors are essential for apoptotic commitment.
The role of epigenetics in the biology of multiple myeloma (2014)

Several recent studies have highlighted the biological complexity of multiple myeloma (MM) that arises as a result of several disrupted cancer pathways. Apart from the central role of genetic abnormalities, epigenetic aberrations have also been shown to be important players in the development of MM, and a lot of research during the past decades has focused on the ways DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs contribute to the pathobiology of MM. This has led to, apart from better understanding of the disease biology, the development of epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors that are already used in clinical trials in MM with promising results. This review will present the role of epigenetic abnormalities in MM and how these can affect specific pathways, and focus on the potential of novel 'epidrugs' as future treatment modalities for MM.
Constrained-complexity equalizer design for fixed delay tree search with decision feedback (1994)

Fixed delay tree search with decision feedback (FDTS/DF) is a hybrid detection scheme which incorporates a sequence detector into the decision feedback equalizer (DFE). When applied to minimum-runlength-limited channels, the FDTS/DP provides near-optimal detection performance with a reasonable complexity requirement. It has been shown recently that for the special case of search depth 1 and the channel subject to the d=1 run length constraint, a simpler structure arises for the decision elements of the FDTS/DF, which provides asymptotically-equivalent performance to the originally proposed FDTS/DF structure. We demonstrate the asymptotic optimality of this reduced FDTS/DF based on a simple signal-to-noise ratio argument. We also introduce a design criterion for choosing tap weights for the constrained-complexity FDTS/DF, which assumes the finite impulse response (FIR) structure for its forward and feedback filters. A method to compute optimal tap weights for the forward and feedback filters is then presented for a magnetic recording channel subject to the popular minimum runlength constraint, d=1. Results show that under the d=1 constraint, the FDTS/DF with one-bit decision delay achieves a large performance improvement over the DFE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Pipelined-forwarding, Routing-integrated and effectively-Identifying MAC for large-scale WSN (2013)

This paper presents the design of a duty-cycling MAC, called PRI-MAC (Pipelined-forwarding, Routing-integrated, and effectively-Identifying MAC), for large-scale wireless sensor networks. PRI-MAC divides the whole network into grades around the sink node. The higher grade a node is in, logically the further away it is from the sink which is in the lowest grade. Staggered sleep-wakeup schedules are established between any two adjacent grades such that data can be forwarded in a pipelined fashion, largely reducing the packet delivery latency to meet the real-time transmission requirement. Meanwhile, the routing function is seamlessly integrated into PRI-MAC, which reduces the protocol overhead and increases the network scalability. Furthermore, each node utilizes a randomly-generated integer as its identifier only when it is involved in a data transmission, instead of allocating a unique address for each sensor node. The performance of PRI-MAC is evaluated in comparison with PW-MAC by OPNET, in terms of the packet delivery latency, energy efficiency, and throughput.
S100A8/A9 in Inflammation (2018)

S100A8 and S100A9 (also known as MRP8 and MRP14, respectively) are Ca<sup>2+</sup> binding proteins belonging to the S100 family. They often exist in the form of heterodimer, while homodimer exists very little because of the stability. S100A8/A9 is constitutively expressed in neutrophils and monocytes as a Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor, participating in cytoskeleton rearrangement and arachidonic acid metabolism. During inflammation, S100A8/A9 is released actively and exerts a critical role in modulating the inflammatory response by stimulating leukocyte recruitment and inducing cytokine secretion. S100A8/A9 serves as a candidate biomarker for diagnosis and follow-up as well as a predictive indicator of therapeutic responses to inflammation-associated diseases. As blockade of S100A8/A9 activity using small-molecule inhibitors or antibodies improves pathological conditions in murine models, the heterodimer has potential as a therapeutic target. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the distribution and biological functions of S100A8/A9 and highlight its application as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in inflammation-associated diseases.
Improved performance of students instructed in a hybrid <scp>PBL</scp> format (2013)

As a result of enrollment expansion, increasing numbers of students are entering into medical school in China. This combined with a shortage of teachers, means that the learning environment typically consists of a large classroom setting with traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) as the major mode to teaching and learning. In this article, we investigate the preferences for hybrid problem-based learning (hybrid-PBL) or LBL in a large classroom setting. Two hundred five second-year undergraduate students in Third Military Medical University were randomly divided to two groups. The hybrid-PBL group contained 101 students and was taught by hybrid LBL (60%) and tutor-less PBL(40%) in a large classroom. The LBL group consisted of 104 students and was taught by LBL in a large classroom too. Post-teaching performance was assessed by multiple choice questions, short-essay questions, and case-analysis questions, while the students' teaching preferences and satisfaction were assessed by questionnaires. Analysis of the results of both groups in the examination of biochemistry revealed significantly higher scores on short-essay questions and case-analysis questions in the hybrid-PBL group. Students considered hybrid-PBL to be an effective learning method and favored it over the lecture format. Furthermore, students reported positive effects of hybrid-PBL in terms of additional learning resources, critical thinking, and fun learning experiences. These results suggest that hybrid-PBL is better than the traditional LBL method at improving students' basic knowledge and problem-solving skills. Students preferred hybrid-PBL and were satisfied with it. The tutor-less PBL pattern in a large classroom setting may be feasible in Chinese medical schools.