gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking of Multiple, Partially Occluded Humans based on Static Body Part Detection (2006)

Tracking of humans in videos is important for many applications. A major source of difficulty in performing this task is due to inter-human or scene occlusion. We present an approach based on representing humans as an assembly of four body parts and detection of the body parts in single frames which makes the method insensitive to camera motions. The responses of the body part detectors and a combined human detector provide the "observations" used for tracking. Trajectory initialization and termination are both fully automatic and rely on the confidences computed from the detection responses. An object is tracked by data association if its corresponding detection response can be found; otherwise it is tracked by a meanshift style tracker. Our method can track humans with both inter-object and scene occlusions. The system is evaluated on three sets of videos and compared with previous method.
Distributed Dual-Function Radar-Communication MIMO System with Optimized Resource Allocation (2019)

In this paper, we propose a novel distributed dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) MIMO system capable of simultaneously performing radar and communication tasks. The radar objective is to achieve the desired target localization performance whereas the communication objective is to optimize the overall data rate. The distributed DFRC MIMO system performs both objectives by optimizing the power allocation of the different transmitters in the DFRC system. A dictionary of radar waveforms is used at each transmitter and the communication information is embedded in the radar waveform by exploiting waveform diversity. The proposed strategy can serve multiple communication receivers located in the vicinity of the distributed DFRC MIMO system. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed strategy.
Exploiting cell dormancy and load balancing in LTE HetNets: Optimizing the proportional fairness utility (2014)

We consider the problem of maximizing the proportional fairness (PF) utility over heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets) by jointly exploiting cell dormancy (cell ON-OFF) - wherein some transmission nodes from a set of interest are made inactive - and load balancing (user association) - wherein users are associated to the active transmission nodes in that set with each user being associated with only one node. We establish that this joint optimization problem which is a discrete optimization problem, is strongly NP-hard. Nevertheless, we prove that the load balancing sub-problem for any given set of active transmission nodes is not NP-hard but instead can be re-formulated as an asymmetric assignment problem and hence can be optimally solved in an efficient manner. In addition, we propose another lower complexity greedy algorithm for the load balancing sub-problem which offers a near-optimal average-case performance and a worst-case performance guarantee. We then propose a low-complexity algorithm for the joint optimization problem. Simulations over an example LTE HetNet topology reveal the superior performance of the proposed algorithms and underscore the significant benefits of jointly exploiting cell dormancy and load balancing.
Investigation of electron beam stabilization of 193-nm photoresists (2001)

193nm lithography is a promising candidate for the fabrication of microelectronic devices at the 130nm design rule and below. With smaller feature sizes, below 130nm, reduced resist thickness is essential because of the pattern collapse issues at high aspect ratios and the limited depth of focus with 193nm lithography tools. However, ArF resists have shown problems with etch selectivity, especially with the thin resist layers necessary. Additionally, pattern slimming during CD-SEM measurement, due to the nature of the resist chemistry, is an issue with feature stability after patterning. At present, many studies have been performed for improving the etch selectivity of resists and addressing line slimming issues. In this study, the electron beam stabilization process has been applied for improving the etch selectivity of resist patterns having an aspect ratio less than 3.0. The electron beam stabilization has been applied to two different ArF resist types; acrylate and cyclic-olefin- maleic-anhydride (COMA), which have been evaluated with respect to materials properties, etch selectivity, and line slimming performance as a function of electron beam dose and etch condition. Film shrinkage and the change in index of refraction were monitored as a function of stabilization condition. The chemical properties were characterized before and after electron beam stabilization using FTIR analysis. Blanket resist etch rate studies were performed as a function of stabilization condition for each resist type. Cross- sectional views of resist patterns after etch processing were also investigated to evaluate the improvement in etch resistance provided by the electron beam process. CD SEM measurements were performed to evaluate the impact of the stabilization process on the patterned features. The issue of line slimming has also been evaluated, with and without electron beam stabilization, for the different ArF resist materials considered. The results were compared with a KrF resist currently used in production. Based on the experimental results, the electron beam process provides a method for improving etch selectivity and reducing line slimming issues of ArF resists.
Preparation of active coke for the simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx in the flue gas. (1985)

Since the dry process for the simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx in the flue gas requires the coke of high mechanical strength, catalytic and adsorption abilities, its preparative procedure was studied . Such a coke has been successfully prepared through the consecutive steps which are fluidized coking of coal into semi-coke, formed coking of semi-coke with coal and soft pitch, and the activation with steam. The optimum conditions for the respective steps were studied to reveal the following conclusions.1) The optimum temperature of fluidized coking was between 480-500 t, semi-coke of highest surface area being obtained.2) Control of the mechanical strength of the active coke can be carried out using the Roga index of the blends.3) The carbonization temperature influenced the strength and reactivity of the coke in a contrary manner, 800°C appearing optimum.4) The activation increased to surface area but reduced the strength of the active coke. The treatment at 900°C for 40 min gave temporarily the best result.SOx adsorption and the catalytic activity for NOx reduction.
High-speed bus signal integrity compliance using a frequency-domain model (2016)

A new technique for frequency-domain compliance testing of high-speed differential interfaces is implemented in a signal integrity simulation tool that can accurately predict a channel's bit-error rate (BER) from seven frequency-domain parameters. This greatly increases the speed and efficiency of designing the number of computer systems required for custom configurations in scale-out data centers. The compliance method is tested with three example case studies in channel printed circuit board (PCB) design. These three studies are: finding maximum loss due to routable trace length as a function of wiring depth layer (which affects crosstalk), finding the maximum routable length when introducing reflections and crosstalk due to adding a connector in the channel, and finding what amount of skew introduced by asymmetry in a differential pair for reasons such as the glass weave or different copper lengths under which a channel can still operate. The pass/fail frequency compliance results are discussed and compared with the time-domain simulation results of the channels tested.
Large-volume injection in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLarge-volume injection in capillary supercritical fluid chromatographyRobert M. Campbell, Hernan J. Cortes, and L. Shayne. GreenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 22, 2852–2857Publication Date (Print):November 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00046a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00046a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The synthesis and biological activity of 8‐fluoro‐9‐(4‐methyl‐1‐piperazinyl)‐6‐oxo‐6<i>H</i>‐benzo[<i>c</i>]quinolizine‐5‐carboxylic acid (1990)

Abstract A one‐pot synthesis of ethyl 8,9‐difluoro‐6‐oxo‐6 H ‐benzo[ c ]quinolizine‐5‐carboxylate 11 has been developed. The condensation of ethyl 2‐pyridylacetate and 2,4,5‐trifluorobenzoyl chloride followed by intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution gave the desired ring system. This intermediate was converted to the title compound and its in vitro biological activity is reported.
Novel Low-cost Phase Shifters for Millimeter Wave Applications (2018)

Novel low-cost phase shifter that hybridize stepwise and continuously variable phase shifting mechanisms are presented in this work. A combination of straight and curved waveguides is used to realize the step-wise phase shifts, while the variable phase shifts are achieved by inserting one or more layers of metallic vias in the waveguide to achieve a differential phase up to 90°. An alternative scheme, which achieves the phase shift in the entire 0° to 360° range by mechanically changing the length of a telescopic guide, is also described.
Left ventricular regional shape dynamics analysis by three-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging associated with left ventricular function in first-time myocardial infarction patients (2014)

Geometric remodelling of the left ventricle (LV) following myocardial infarction reflects on the geometric characteristics directly. This study focuses on a potential index based on curvedness. Nine consecutive normal volunteers and thirty consecutive myocardial infarction patients underwent MRI scan (twenty-seven patients had follow-up scan). Short-axis cine images of all cases were delineated. Three dimensional LV models were reconstructed and restored for possible motion distortion. The curvedness values were computed over 16-segments nomenclature. The curvedness signal for each segment over twenty-two time frames were fitted using a second order Fourier Series. Fourier coefficients were extracted and unsupervised learning was conducted between normal and patient data. An accuracy of 89% and adjusted Rand Index of 0.5374 suggest that these Fourier Series and curvedness based features can be an useful index for prognosis and diagnosis in clinical practice.
Rene' N6: Third Generation Single Crystal Superalloy (1996)

A new third generation single crystal superalloy has been developed for aircraft engine turbine airfoil applications.
Amino Acid Mutations in the NS4A Region of Hepatitis C Virus Contribute to Viral Replication and Infectious Virus Production (2016)

The HCV cell culture system using the JFH-1 strain and HuH-7 cells can be used to assess the complete HCV life cycle in cultured cells. This cell culture system has been used to develop direct-acting antivirals against HCV, and the ability to use various HCV strains within this system is important for future studies. In this study, we aimed to establish a novel HCV cell culture system using another HCV genotype 2a strain, J6CF, which replicates in chimpanzees but not in cultured cells. We identified an effective cell culture-adaptive mutation in NS4A and established a replication-competent J6CF strain in cultured cells with minimum essential modifications. The described strategy can be used in establishing a novel HCV cell culture system, and the replication-competent J6CF clone composed of the minimum essential modifications needed for cell culture adaptation will be valuable as another representative of genotype 2a strains.
Phase-compensating vibration cancellation system for scanning electron microscopes (1992)

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Method for conducting electroless metal-plating processes. [Patent application] (1977)

This invention is an improved method for conducting electroless metal-plating processes in a metal tank which is exposed to the plating bath. The invention solves a problem commonly encountered in such processes: how to determine when it is advisable to shut down the process in order to clean and/or re-passivate the tank. The new method comprises contacting the bath with a current-conducting, non-catalytic probe and, during plating operations, monitoring the gradually changing difference in electropotential between the probe and tank. It has been found that the value of this voltage is indicative of the extent to which nickel-bearing decomposition products accumulate on the tank. By utilizing the voltage to determine when shutdown for cleaning is advisable, the operator can avoid premature shutdown and at the same time avoid prolonging operations to the point that spontaneous decomposition occurs. 1 figure.
Simultaneous outer volume and blood suppression by quadruple inversion‐recovery (2006)

A new method has been developed for reduced field-of-view (FOV) imaging with simultaneous blood suppression. This method combines suppression of signals from the outer volume and inflowing blood by using a small-FOV quadruple inversion-recovery (SFQIR) preparative pulse sequence consisting of two double-inversion pulse pairs separated by appropriate delays. Within each pair, inversion pulses are successively applied to the imaged slice and the slab orthogonal to the imaging plane with the thickness equal to the FOV size in the phase-encoding direction. Each double inversion results in the reinversion of the magnetization in the central part of the FOV, while the outer areas of the FOV and inflowing blood remain inverted. The SFQIR module was implemented for single- and multislice acquisition with a fast spin-echo readout sequence. Based on a theoretical model of the signal, the timing parameters of the sequence corresponding to the maximal suppression efficiency can be found by minimizing the variation of the normalized signal over the entire range of T1's that occur in tissues. The method was tested for black-blood imaging of the aorta and carotid arteries, and the results demonstrated its ability to eliminate motion and flow artifacts, reduce scan time, and improve spatial resolution.
Optimizing data partitioning for data-parallel computing (2011)

Performance of data-parallel computing (e.g., MapReduce, DryadLINQ) heavily depends on its data partitions. Solutions implemented by the current state of the art systems are far from optimal. Techniques proposed by the database community to find optimal data partitions are not directly applicable when complex user-defined functions and data models are involved. We outline our solution, which draws expertise from various fields such as programming languages and optimization, and present our preliminary results.
Restoration algorithms for virtual private networks in the hose model (2003)

A virtual private network (VPN) aims to emulate the services provided by a private network over the shared Internet. The endpoints of a VPN are connected using abstractions such as virtual channels (VCs) of ATM or label switched paths (LSPs) of MPLS technologies. Reliability of an end-to-end VPN connection depends on the reliability of the links and nodes in the fixed path that it traverses in the network. In order to ensure service quality and availability in a VPN, seamless recovery from failures is essential. This work considers the problem of fast recovery in the recently proposed VPN hose model. In the hose model, bandwidth is reserved for traffic aggregates instead of pairwise specifications to allow any traffic pattern among the VPN endpoints. This work assumes that the VPN endpoints are connected using a tree structure and, at any time, at most one tree link can fail (i.e., single link failure model). A restoration algorithm must select a set of backup edges and allocate necessary bandwidth on them in advance, so that the traffic disrupted by failure of a primary edge can be re-routed via backup paths. We aim at designing an optimal restoration algorithm to minimize the total bandwidth reserved on the backup edges. This problem is a variant of optimal graph augmentation problem which is NP-complete. Thus, we present a polynomial-time approximation algorithm that guarantees a solution which is at most 16 times of the optimum. The algorithm is based on designing two reductions to convert the original problem to one of adding minimum cost edges to the VPN tree so that the resulting graph is 2-connected, which can be solved in polynomial time using known algorithms. The two reductions introduce approximation factors of 8 and 2, respectively, thus resulting in a 16-approximation algorithm with polynomial time complexity.
A novel coal feeder for production of low sulfur fuel (1991)

A dual-screw feeder was designed for desulfurization of coal. This reactor contains two screw tubes, the inner tube acting as a coal pyrolizer and the outer tube acting as a desulfurizer with hot calcined lime pellets or other renewable sorbent pellets. The objectives of this project is to study the feasibility of an advanced concept of desulfurization and possibly some denitrification in this coal feeder. In this year, two basic studies have been performed: (1) the desulfurization and (2) the denitrification due to mild pyrolysis. Specifically, the following tasks have been performed: (1) Setting up the Dual-Screw reactor, (2) Determination of the pyrolysis product and the sulfur distribution in char, tar and gas based on experimental data, (3) Study of the devolatilization, the desulfurization kinetics and the denitrification kinetics and obtaining the basic kinetic parameters, (4) Study of the sulfur removal efficiency of lime pellets fed into the outer tube of the dual-feeder reactor, (5) Study of the effect of the coal particle size on pyrolysis and desulfurization, (6) Study of the coal pyrolysis and desulfurization using a TGA(Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer).
Room-Temperature Pressure Synthesis of Layered Black Phosphorus–Graphene Composite for Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes (2018)

Sodium-ion batteries offer an attractive option for grid-level energy storage due to the high natural abundance of sodium and low material cost of sodium compounds. Phosphorus (P) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries, with a theoretical capacity of 2596 mAh/g. The red phosphorus (RP) form has worse electronic conductivity and lower initial Coulombic efficiency than black phosphorus (BP), but high material cost and limited production capacity have slowed the development of BP anodes. To address these challenges, we have developed a simple and scalable method to synthesize layered BP/graphene composite (BP/rGO) by pressurization at room temperature. A carbon-black-free and binder-free BP/rGO anode prepared with this method achieved specific charge capacities of 1460.1, 1401.2, 1377.6, 1339.7, 1277.8, 1123.78, and 720.8 mAh/g in a rate capability test at charge and discharge current densities of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 A/g, respectively. In a cycling performance test, after 500 deep cycles, the capacity of BP/rGO anodes stabilized at 1250 and 640 mAh/g at 1 and 40 A/g, respectively, which marks a significant performance improvement for sodium-ion battery anodes.
Improved Leakage Correction for Single-Echo Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion MRI Estimates of Relative Cerebral Blood Volume in High-Grade Gliomas by Accounting for Bidirectional Contrast Agent Exchange (2016)

Inclusion of the bidirectional exchange in leakage-correction models for single-echo DSC MR imaging improves the model fit to leakage-contaminated DSC MR imaging data and significantly improves the estimation of relative CBV in high-grade gliomas.
Holey fibres: properties, applications and future directions (2002)

Holey optical fibres offer a much wider range of optical properties than is possible in conventional optical fibres. These properties include single-mode guidance at all wavelengths, novel dispersion properties including broadband dispersion flattening and anomalous dispersion at visible wavelengths, mode size tailoring over three orders of magnitude, and many more. Progress in this rapidly emerging technology is reviewed, ranging from modelling and fabrication through to devices and applications.
Rectilinear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer with Atmospheric Pressure Interface and Electrospray Ionization Source (2005)

A rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass analyzer was incorporated into a mass spectrometer fitted with an electrospray ionization source and an atmospheric pressure interface. The RIT mass spectrometer, which was assembled in two different configurations, was used for the study of biological compounds, for which performance data are given. A variety of techniques, including the use of a balanced rf, elevated background gas pressure, automatic gain control, and resonance ejection waveforms with dynamically adjusted amplitude, were applied to enhance performance. The capabilities of the instrument were characterized using proteins, peptides, and pharmaceutical drugs. Unit resolution and an accuracy of better than m/z 0.2 was achieved for mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios up to 2000 Th at a scan rate of approximately 3000 amu/(charge.s) while reduced scan rates gave greater resolution and peak widths of less than m/z 0.5 over the same range. The mass discrimination in trapping externally generated ions was characterized over the range m/z 190-2000 and an optimized low mass cutoff value of m/z 120-140 was found to give equal trapping efficiencies over the entire range. The radial detection efficiency was measured as a function of m/z ratio and found to rise from 35% at low m/z values to more than 90% for ions of m/z 1800. The way in which the ion trapping capacity depends on the dc trapping potential was investigated by measuring the mass shift due to space charge effects, and it was shown that low trapping potentials minimize space charge effects by increasing the useful volume of the device. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) capabilities of the RIT instrument were evaluated by measuring isolation efficiency as a function of mass resolution as well as measuring peptide CID efficiencies. Overall CID efficiencies of more than 60% were easily reached, while isolation of an ion with unit resolution at m/z 524 was achieved with high rejection (>95%) of the adjacent ions. The overall analytical capabilities of the ESI-RIT instrument were demonstrated with the analysis of a mixture of pharmaceutical compounds using multiple-stage mass spectrometry.