gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kidney detection and real-time segmentation in 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound images (2012)

In this paper, we present an automatic method to segment the kidney in 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images. This modality has lately benefited of an increasing interest for diagnosis and intervention planning, as it allows to visualize blood flow in real-time harmlessly for the patient. Our method is composed of two steps: first, the kidney is automatically localized by a novel robust ellipsoid detector; then, segmentation is obtained through the deformation of this ellipsoid with a model-based approach. To cope with low image quality and strong organ variability induced by pathologies, the algorithm allows the user to refine the result by real-time interactions. Our method has been validated on a representative clinical database.
Experimental conversion of position correlation into polarization entanglement (2020)

This paper presents a method to convert position correlation of photon pairs into polarization entanglement. This is achieved by individually manipulating the polarization state of photons generated in different parts of a nonlinear medium and coherently superposing them. This concept is experimentally demonstrated using photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The method is used to implement a compact source producing an observed photon-pair rate of $120\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}000\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}{\text{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}/\text{mW}$ with an entanglement fidelity of $0.991\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.013$. This method can be extended to any photon-pair generation process with initial position correlation.
A novel silk-based segmented block copolymer containing GlyAlaGlyAla ?-sheets templated by phenoxathiin (2000)

A novel segmented block copolymer, containing polyethylene glycol segment and GlyAlaGlyAla sequence derived from B. mori silk, has been prepared as a model for silk-based materials using both solution and interfacial techniques. Inherent viscosity, size exclusion chromatography, and light-scattering measurements gave molecular weight between M w 34,000 -39,000. Evidence for phase separation was provided by differential scanning calorimetry, which gave two T g 's at 57 C and 111 C, and transmission electron microscopy, which showed a morphology in which the peptide domain, estimated to be about 20 -50 nm, was dispersed in the continuous polyether phase. Solid-state FTIR spectroscopic results showed that the polymer contained both parallel and antiparallel -sheet stacks, and that the solution-polymerized material has the higher -sheet content. This was further confirmed by 13 C NMR, which gave about 80% total -sheet content for the solution-polymerized product and about 40% for the polymer obtained by interfacial polymerization.
A 24-GHz SiGe phased-array receiver-LO phase-shifting approach (2005)

A local-oscillator phase-shifting approach is introduced to implement a fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array receiver using SiGe technology. Sixteen phases of the local oscillator are generated in one oscillator core, resulting in a raw beam-forming accuracy of 4 bits. These phases are distributed to all eight receiving paths of the array by a symmetric network. The appropriate phase for each path is selected using high-frequency analog multiplexers. The raw beam-steering resolution of the array is better than 10/spl deg/ for a forward-looking angle, while the array spatial selectivity, without any amplitude correction, is better than 20 dB. The overall gain of the array is 61 dB, while the array improves the input signal-to-noise ratio by 9 dB.
Ultra-low-emission burner for boilers and indirect heaters (1992)

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) and its industrial partners, Burnham Corp. and Takuma Company, Ltd., with funding support from the gas industry, are developing a premixed cyclonic combustion approach for boilers and indirect heaters in the range of 1. 5 to 15 MWth (5 to 50 {times} 10{sup 6} Btu/h). When fired with natural gas, this advanced, premixed design approach is expected to provide very low levels of NO{sub x} as well as CO and total hydrocarbons (THC). The ultra-low NO{sub x} emissions are achieved by exploiting two unique characteristics of this combustion system -- internal recirculation of partially cooled combustion products and high convective heat transfer -- in combination with flame quenching through the injection of a diluent. This paper discusses the concept and the results of tests carried out at IGT. The results show stable operation is possible at less than 10 vppm NO{sub x}. The initial development effort is being targeted at the firetube boiler retrofit market.
BMP Stimulation of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Pluripotent Mouse C2C12 Cells is Inhibited by Dermatopontin, One of the Most Abundant Low Molecular Weight Proteins in Demineralized Bone Matrix (2006)

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a complex mixture of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), as well as BMP-binding proteins that regulate BMP bioactivity and localization. Our aim was to use modern proteomic methods to identify additional BMP-binding proteins in DBM, with initial emphasis on the most abundant. Relatively large, water-soluble noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) were preferentially extracted from DBM with alkalinized urea. The insoluble residue, which contained the BMP activity, was extracted with GuHCl/CaCl2, dialyzed versus citrate, defatted, resuspended in GuHCl, dialyzed sequentially against Triton X-100 and water, pelleted, and lyophilized. The proteins in this pellet were fractionated by hydroxyapatite affinity chromatography. Proteins that copurified with BMP bioactivity were separated by SDS-PAGE. Distinct bands were excised, and the proteins in them were reduced and alkylated, digested with trypsin, eluted, and subjected to MALDI/ToF MS (matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Computer-assisted peptide fingerprint analysis of the MS profiles was used to identify C-terminal lysine-6-oxidase; dermatopontin (DPT); histones H2A2, H2A3, and H2B; and trace amounts of gamma-actin. DPT is a 22-kDa, tyrosine-rich acidic matrix protein not previously recognized to be among the most abundant small proteins to copurify with BMP bioactivity in DBM. We tested the effects of DPT on BMP-2 stimulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in C2C12 cells. BMP-2 stimulated ALP activity in C2C12 cells by 6.2-fold above basal levels. DPT alone had no effect on ALP activity in C2C12 cells. When added with BMP-2, DPT blocked 40% of the stimulatory effect of BMP-2 on ALP activity in C2C12 cells. DPT is an abundant protein in DBM, and it can inhibit the stimulatory effects of BMP-2 on ALP activity in C2C12 cells.
HTTPS delegation in CDNI (2017)

This document examines probable solutions for delegating encrypted
content delivery within the context of CDN interconnection. The HTTPS
delegation also expects delivering content without compromising
security, integrity and user privacy.
Immunostimulating properties and three‐dimensional structure of two tripeptides from human and cow caseins (1987)

Some tripeptides obtained by enzymic digestion of caseins possess immunomodulating properties. In order to correlate activity and structure, X-ray analysis has been applied to two of them Leu-Leu-Tyr and Gly-Leu-Phe.
The CUP2 gene product, regulator of yeast metallothionein expression, is a copper-activated DNA-binding protein. (1989)

CUP2 is a regulatory gene controlling expression of CUP1, which encodes the Cu-binding yeast metallothionein. CUP2, which is identical to the ACE1 gene, encodes a Cu-regulated DNA-binding protein. The CUP2 protein contains a cysteine-rich DNA-binding domain dependent on Cu+ and Ag+ ions which bind the cysteine residues and direct the refolding of the metal-free apoprotein. CUP2 mutant alleles from Cu-sensitive yeast strains have point mutations affecting the DNA-binding activity. These results establish CUP2 as the primary sensor of intracellular Cu+ in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, functioning as a Cu+-regulated transcriptional activator.
NMR Fluid Substitution–A New Method of Reconstructing T2 Distributions Under Primary Drainage and Imbibition Conditions (2021)

Most nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based petrophysics models, such as pore structure characterization and permeability prediction, were developed using T2 distributions measured at fully water-saturated conditions (i.e., Sw = 1). The downhole implementation of those models across the hydrocarbon zones is disputable due to partial saturation (Sw < 1) conditions; hence, a correction to such effects on T2 distributions is required. This paper provides a critical review of the fluid substitution methods currently available in the industry and presents an improved method for enhanced formation evaluation. In the new method presented, an effective irreducible water saturation model is used to account for the pore structure and capillary pressure effects, which were barely considered by the currently available NMR fluid substitution methods. For water-wet reservoir rocks, the typical NMR T2 distribution at the partial saturation condition displays a clear separation between the wetting and nonwetting phases. The water phase can be classified as irreducible and movable fluid volumes. Then, using a T2 mapping relationship and a total porosity constraint, the T2 distribution of movable water at Sw < 1 is shifted and amplified to determine the T2 distribution of movable water at Sw = 1. To validate the new method, NMR measurements were conducted on sandstone samples at Sw = 1 as well as Sw < 1. The reconstructed T2 distribution at Sw = 1 was compared with the measured T2 distribution at Sw = 1. Results showed that the reconstructed T2 distribution matched very well with the T2 distribution measured at Sw = 1, confirming the robustness of the new technique. Parameters used in the reconstruction methodology are observed to be a good indicator of pore connectivity. During desaturation, the water T2 in large pores shifts to a shorter T2 because of the enhanced surface relaxation as the water volume decreases while the surface area remains constant. Therefore, the amplitude at the short T2 increases. The increased amplitude was remapped to large pores in reconstructing T2 spectra of full saturation.
ABY <sup>3</sup> (2018)

Machine learning is widely used to produce models for a range of applications and is increasingly offered as a service by major technology companies. However, the required massive data collection raises privacy concerns during both training and prediction stages. In this paper, we design and implement a general framework for privacy-preserving machine learning and use it to obtain new solutions for training linear regression, logistic regression and neural network models. Our protocols are in a three-server model wherein data owners secret share their data among three servers who train and evaluate models on the joint data using three-party computation (3PC). Our main contribution is a new and complete framework ($\textABY ^3$) for efficiently switching back and forth between arithmetic, binary, and Yao 3PC which is of independent interest. Many of the conversions are based on new techniques that are designed and optimized for the first time in this paper. We also propose new techniques for fixed-point multiplication of shared decimal values that extends beyond the three-party case, and customized protocols for evaluating piecewise polynomial functions. We design variants of each building block that is secure against \em malicious adversaries who deviate arbitrarily. We implement our system in C++. Our protocols are up to \em four orders of magnitude faster than the best prior work, hence significantly reducing the gap between privacy-preserving and plaintext training.
54.2: Novel Real‐time and Bi‐directional Color Simulator for Dichromacy and Trichromacy on Smartphones (2012)

Abstract We propose a real‐time color simulator employing (1) 90‐degree‐hue‐rotation method (supports red‐green opponent color perception for dichromacy) and (2) simple red‐green hue reduction method (enables red‐green color deficiency). Subjective test results suggest that the proposed simulator will greatly help mutual understanding of color perception.
Split luciferase-based assay to detect botulinum neurotoxins using hiPSC-derived motor neurons (2023)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been widely used clinically as a muscle relaxant. These toxins target motor neurons and cleave proteins essential for neurotransmitter release like Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25). In vitro assays for BoNT testing using rodent cells or immortalized cell lines showed limitations in accuracy and physiological relevance. Here, we report a cell-based assay for detecting SNAP-25-cleaving BoNTs by combining human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC)-derived motor neurons and a luminescent detection system based on split NanoLuc luciferase. This assay is convenient, rapid, free-of-specialized antibodies, with a detection sensitivity of femtomolar concentrations of toxin, and can be used to study the different steps of BoNT intoxication.
Natriuretic Peptides’ Metabolic Targets for Treatment of Cancer (2013)

Four cardiac hormones are synthesized by the atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone gene. These hormones, namely, long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, and atrial natriuretic peptide, help regulate blood pressure and blood volume by causing vasodilation, diuresis, and sodium excretion. These cardiac hormones reduce up to 97% of all cancer cells in vitro. These cardiac hormones eliminate up to 86% of human small-cell lung carcinomas, two thirds of human breast cancers, and up to 80% of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas growing in athymic mice. Their anticancer mechanisms of action, after binding to specific receptors on cancer cells, include targeting the Rat sarcoma-bound guanosine diphosphate conversion to RAS guanosine triphosphate (95% inhibition)-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (98% inhibition)-extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (96% inhibition) cascade in cancer cells. They also reduce c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 2 up to 89%. These multiple kinase inhibitors are also inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its VEGFR2 receptor (up to 89% inhibition). They reduce β-catenin up to 88%. They inhibit the WNT pathway up to 68%, and secreted Frizzled-related protein 3 is decreased up to 84%. AKT, a serine/threonine-protein kinase, is reduced up to 64% by the cardiac hormones. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, a final "switch" that activates gene expression that leads to malignancy, is decreased by up to 88% by the cardiac hormones. Of importance, the cross talk between the multiple kinases, VEGF, B-catenin, WNT, and STAT pathways is inhibited by the 4 cardiac hormones.
A new antitumor enzyme, L-lysine alpha-oxidase from Trichoderma viride. Purification and enzymological properties. (1980)

L-Lysine alpha-oxidase from Trichoderma viride Y244-2 has been purified to homogeneity. The enzyme shows absorption maxima at 277, 388, and 466 nm and a shoulder around 490 nm and contains 2 mol of FAD/mol of enzyme. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 116,000 and consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight (about 56,000). In addition to L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-arginine, and L-histidine are oxidized by the enzyme to a lesser extent. Several lysine analogs such as delta-hydroxylysine are oxidized efficiently. Balance studies showed that 1 mol of L-lysine is converted to an equimolar amount of alpha-keto-epsilon-aminocaproate, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide with the consumption of 1 mol of oxygen. alpha-Keto-epsilon-aminocaproate spontaneously is dehydrated intramolecularly into delta 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate in the presence of catalase, and is oxidatively decarboxylated into delta-aminovalerate in the absence of catalase. The Michaelis constants are as follows: 0.04 mM for L-lysine, 0.44 mM for L-ornithine, 14 mM for L-phenylalanine, and 1.6 mM for oxygen with L-lysine.
ChemInform Abstract: (Tosyloxy)anthraquinones: Versatile Synthons for the Preparation of Various Aminoanthraquinones. (1987)

Abstract 1,4‐Ditosyloxyanthraquinone (Ib) prepared from quinizarin (Ia), is stepwise aminated with the amines (II) and (IV), yielding the symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,4‐diaminoanthraquinones (V).
Living radical polymerization of vinyl chloride initiated with iodoform and catalyzed by nascent Cu<sup>0</sup>/tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine or polyethyleneimine in water at 25 °C proceeds by a new competing pathways mechanism (2003)

Abstract The first example of living radical polymerization of vinyl chloride carried out in water at 25 °C is reported. This polymerization was initiated by iodoform and catalyzed by nascent Cu 0 produced by the disproportionation of Cu I in the presence of strongly Cu II binding ligands such as tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine or polyethyleneimine. The resulting poly(vinyl chloride) was free of structural defects, had controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution, contained two ∼CHClI active chain ends, and had a higher syndiotacticity (62%) than the one obtained by conventional free‐radical polymerization at the same temperature (56%). This novel polymerization proceeds, most probably, by a combination of competitive pathways that involves activation by single electron transfer mediated by nascent Cu 0 and degenerative chain transfer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3283–3299, 2003
A comparative web browser (CWB) for browsing and comparing web pages (2003)

In this paper, we propose a new type of Web browser, called the Comparative Web Browser(CWB), which concurrently presents multiple Web pages in a way that enables the content of the Web pages to be automatically synchronized. The ability to view multiple Web pages at one time is useful when we wish to make a comparison on the Web, such as when we compare similar products or news articles from different newspapers. The CWB is characterized by (1) automatic content-based retrieval of passages from another Web page based on a passage of the Web page the user is reading, and (2) automatic transformation of a user's behavior (scrolling, clicking, or moving backward or forward) on a Web page into a series of behaviors on the other Web pages. The CWB tries to concurrently present "similar" passages from different Web pages, and for this purpose our CWB automatically navigates Web pages that contain passages similar to those of the initial Web page. Furthermore, we propose an enhancement to the CWB, which enables it to use linkage information to find related documents based on link structure.
Nano-Phase Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (1999)

Abstract We have studied Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) materials based on a recently reported fast reacting formulation. This material consists of extremely small droplets (−10 nm in diameter) of liquid crystal within a polymer matrix, we have termed this nano-phase PDLC (n-PDLC). Due to the size of these droplets this material exhibits a non-scattering nature. Instead, this transparent non-scattering material allows voltage control of its effective bulk refractive index. This has many implications, allowing the construction of polarisation insensitive liquid crystal devices. In this work we have designed, fabricated and tested a novel etalon device based on n-PDLC.
Wood-Rotting Fungal Pigments as Colorant Coatings on Oil-Based Textile Dyes (2017)

Opportunities for alternatives to synthetic textile dyes are of increasing importance as the world looks to minimize its ecological footprint. Fungal pigments within a unique class of wood-rotting (“spalting”) fungi have been under investigation for several years as a possible solution, and have been shown to be ideally suited as textile dye coatings. Unfortunately, the solvent currently in use for these colorants is dichloromethane (DCM), which is an environmental problem as well as a potential human carcinogen. Recently, researchers found that the pigments from Chlorociboria species, Scytalidium cuboideum, and Scytalidium ganodermophthorum could be carried in some natural oils, which opened up a potential method of delivering pigments onto a host of substrates without utilizing DCM. Although the pigments can be carried in oil, no testing has thus far been conducted as to how oil affects the binding properties of the pigments onto textiles, or how the oil might affect the pigments directly. In this paper, the pigments produced by three well-known wood-rotting fungi were carried in raw linseed oil and applied to cotton, polyester, and nylon. Only the red pigment produced visible color change on the textiles. Cotton and polyester showed the greatest color change when the pigments were dripped onto the fabric, while polyester showed the most color when the textile was submerged into the pigment solution. Unfortunately, the colors faded significantly for all the tests except the saturation test. This indicates that while natural oils may be excellent, nontoxic alternative carriers for DCM, the pigments are not stable within them except at very high concentrations, and therefore natural oils—including raw linseed oil—are not ideal for use in conjunction with these pigments.
Improved method for end-column amperometric detection for capillary electrophoresis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved method for end-column amperometric detection for capillary electrophoresisSandra. Sloss and Andrew G. EwingCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 5, 577–581Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00053a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00053a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Equilibrium‐limited periodic separating reactors (1987)

Abstract A new unit operation is presented that utilizes a rapid feed pressure swing cycle in a bed packed with catalyst and adsorbent to effect both reaction and separation. This hybrid device combines features of a cyclic‐steady‐state pressure swing adsorber with those of a flow‐forced catalytic reactor. Feed sequences for the periodic separating reactor (PSR) are those of rapid, single‐bed pressure swing adsorbers (PSA). Only the case of extremely fast reactions is considered here. A perturbed reaction‐sorption equilibrium model is formulated and solved for isothermal operation for different equilibrium constants and reaction stoichiometries. The capacity and separation performance for an equilibrium‐limited PSR (EPSR) can be of the same order of magnitude as PSA alone. For reactions involving a single reactant or single product, the principal component in a particular exit stream depends upon both the reaction stoichiometry and feed fraction of the process cycle. The pressure dependency of the reaction equilibrium expression is the cause of separation reversals as parameters are varied.