gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Network of LDO Microregulators Providing Submicrosecond DVFS and IR Drop Compensation for a 24-Core Microprocessor in 14-nm SOI CMOS (2019)

A distributed network of low-dropout (LDO) microregulators (uREGs) senses and corrects the voltages at multiple points on a power supply grid in a multi-core microprocessor to reduce errors due to IR drops. A voltage regulator controller (VREGC) compares the voltages at various points on the grid to a programmable reference and delivers a set of corrective 2-b up/down (UP/DN) codes (global feedback) to the distributed uREGs across the core. Inside each uREG, the UP/DN codes control a local charge pump that sets the reference for an asynchronous comparator that turns on and off a pMOS passgate with a sub-nanosecond response. To mitigate the self-generated ripple, hybrid fast/slow passgate control is employed, whereby a parallel pMOS passgate with a slew-rate-limited gate drive is used to supply the dc portion of the load current. The distributed regulator architecture includes a scheme for limiting the degree of load-sharing imbalances among its uREGs due to the VREGC comparator offsets. Adding a switched-capacitor (SC) accelerator to the charge pump of each uREG speeds up the outputvoltage transitions by up to 17× for greater dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) savings. Line and load regulations are 9 mV/V and 1.1 mV/A, respectively. The regulator achieves a peak power efficiency of 95.2% and a peak current efficiency of 99.1%. It reaches a peak power density of 82.3 W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
High Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell and Module (2006)

The improvement of cell performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was investigated by means of haze of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> electrodes and series-internal resistance. It was found that the high haze of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> electrodes effectively improves the external quantum efficiency of DSCs. The series-internal resistance is successfully reduced by increasing the surface roughness of platinum counter electrodes and by decreasing the thickness of electrolyte layer. The highest single cell efficiency of 11.1% (aperture area: 0.219 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> ) was achieved and confirmed by a public test center (AIST). Furthermore, large-scaled cell was fabricated using current collecting metal grids, and the efficiency of 6.8% (aperture area: 101 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> ) was obtained. Moreover, integrated DSC module was investigated and the efficiency of 6.3% (aperture area: 26.50 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) was also confirmed by the public test center
Low Write-Energy Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for High-Speed Spin-Transfer-Torque MRAM (2010)

This letter presents energy-efficient MgO based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) bits for high-speed spin transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM). We present experimental data illustrating the effect of device shape, area, and tunnel-barrier thickness of the MTJ on its switching voltage, thermal stability, and energy per write operation in the nanosecond switching regime. Finite-temperature micromagnetic simulations show that the write energy changes with operating temperature. The temperature sensitivity increases with increasing write pulsewidth and decreasing write voltage. We demonstrate STT-MRAM cells with switching energies of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$<$</tex></formula> 1 pJ for write times of 1–5 ns.
Polymerized Crystalline Colloidal Arrays Photonic Cosmetic Contact Lenses (2006)

We demonstrate the feasibility of making contact lenses from polymerized crystalline colloidal array materials to produce lenses with beautiful sparkling colors. We utilize poly[HEMA-(ethyleneglycol)200dimethacrylate] hydrogel with a crystalline colloidal array (CCA) embedded in it. The CCA material is composed of mesoscopic spheres of polystyrene latex particles dispersed in water. These particles self assemble in an aqueous medium to form a threedimensional array that efficiently Bragg diffracts visible light producing colors from blue to red as determined by its interparticle spacing. The monodisperse spherical particles have diameters between 106 to 170 nm. The CCA structure is well preserved within the poly(HEMA) hydrogel giving the contact lens models beautiful sparkling violet, blue, blue-greenish, green and yellow colors, all without the use of dyes.
Solving outside-axial-field-of-view scatter correction problem in PET via digital experimentation (2016)

Unaccounted scatter impact from unknown outside-axial-field-of-view (outside-AFOV) activity in PET is an important degrading factor for image quality and quantitation. Resource consuming and unpopular way to account for the outside- AFOV activity is to perform an additional PET/CT scan of adjacent regions. In this work we investigate a solution to the outside-AFOV scatter problem without performing a PET/CT scan of the adjacent regions. The main motivation for the proposed method is that the measured random corrected prompt (RCP) sinogram in the background region surrounding the measured object contains only scattered events, originating from both inside- and outside-AFOV activity. In this method, the scatter correction simulation searches through many randomly-chosen outside-AFOV activity estimates along with known inside-AFOV activity, generating a plethora of scatter distribution sinograms. This digital experimentation iterates until a decent match is found between a simulated scatter sinogram (that include supposed outside-AFOV activity) and the measured RCP sinogram in the background region. The combined scatter impact from inside- and outside-AFOV activity can then be used for scatter correction during final image reconstruction phase. Preliminary results using measured phantom data indicate successful phantom length estimate with the method, and, therefore, accurate outside-AFOV scatter estimate.
Uptake of Glutamate into Synaptic Vesicles by an Inorganic Phosphate Transporter (2000)

Previous work has identified two families of proteins that transport classical neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles, but the protein responsible for vesicular transport of the principal excitatory transmitter glutamate has remained unknown. We demonstrate that a protein that is unrelated to any known neurotransmitter transporters and that was previously suggested to mediate the Na(+)-dependent uptake of inorganic phosphate across the plasma membrane transports glutamate into synaptic vesicles. In addition, we show that this vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT1, exhibits a conductance for chloride that is blocked by glutamate.
A Load‐Sharing Rip‐Stop Fixation Construct for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair (2012)

Despite advancements in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair techniques, achieving tendon-to-bone healing can be difficult in the setting of poor-quality tendon. Moreover, medial tendon tears or tears with lateral tendon loss may preclude standard techniques. Rip-stop suture configurations have been shown to improve load to failure compared with simple or mattress stitch patterns and may be particularly valuable in these settings. The purpose of this report is to describe a technical modification of a rip-stop rotator cuff repair that combines the advantages of a rip-stop suture (by providing resistance to tissue cutout) and a double row of load-sharing suture anchors (minimizing the load per anchor and therefore the load per suture within each anchor).
An Octagonal Dual-Gate Transistor With Enhanced and Adaptable Low-Frequency Noise (2010)

As the low-frequency noise of a transistor grows nonnegligible in advanced technologies, the possibility of using noise for computation is becoming an alternative, receiving more and more attention. The ability to control the noise level would further enrich the flexibility of the circuit design. Therefore, this letter presents a dual-gate field-effect transistor in an octagonal shape. By changing the voltage of an extra gate above the shallow trench isolation, the transistor is able to adapt its low-frequency noise over several decades and in a power-efficient manner. The octagonal geometry further makes sufficient a voltage range from 0 to 5 V for the noise adaptation. Moreover, the transistor is fabricated with the standard CMOS logic process without additional masks. All the features underpin the development of large-scale noisy computation in integrated circuits.
Transparent arrays of bilayer-nanomesh microelectrodes for simultaneous electrophysiology and two-photon imaging in the brain (2018)

Transparent microelectrode arrays have emerged as increasingly important tools for neuroscience by allowing simultaneous coupling of big and time-resolved electrophysiology data with optically measured, spatially and type resolved single neuron activity. Scaling down transparent electrodes to the length scale of a single neuron is challenging since conventional transparent conductors are limited by their capacitive electrode/electrolyte interface. In this study, we establish transparent microelectrode arrays with high performance, great biocompatibility, and comprehensive in vivo validations from a recently developed, bilayer-nanomesh material composite, where a metal layer and a low-impedance faradaic interfacial layer are stacked reliably together in a same transparent nanomesh pattern. Specifically, flexible arrays from 32 bilayer-nanomesh microelectrodes demonstrated near-unity yield with high uniformity, excellent biocompatibility, and great compatibility with state-of-the-art wireless recording and real-time artifact rejection system. The electrodes are highly scalable, with 130 kilohms at 1 kHz at 20 μm in diameter, comparable to the performance of microelectrodes in nontransparent Michigan arrays. The highly transparent, bilayer-nanomesh microelectrode arrays allowed in vivo two-photon imaging of single neurons in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex of awake mice, along with high-fidelity, simultaneous electrical recordings of visual-evoked activity, both in the multi-unit activity band and at lower frequencies by measuring the visual-evoked potential in the time domain. Together, these advances reveal the great potential of transparent arrays from bilayer-nanomesh microelectrodes for a broad range of utility in neuroscience and medical practices.
Semantic Frame Identification with Distributed Word Representations (2014)

A computer-implemented technique can include receiving, at a server, labeled training data including a plurality of groups of words, each group of words having a predicate word, each word having generic word embeddings. The technique can include extracting, at the server, the plurality of groups of words in a syntactic context of their predicate words. The technique can include concatenating, at the server, the generic word embeddings to create a high dimensional vector space representing features for each word. The technique can include obtaining, at the server, a model having a learned mapping from the high dimensional vector space to a low dimensional vector space and learned embeddings for each possible semantic frame in the low dimensional vector space. The technique can also include outputting, by the server, the model for storage, the model being configured to identify a specific semantic frame for an input.
Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Amplification:  En Route to a Type-Specific Growth Mechanism (2006)

With the desire to mass produce any specific n,m type of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) from a small sample of the same material, we disclose here the preliminary work directed toward that goal. The ultimate protocol would involve taking a single n,m-type nanotube sample, cutting the nanotubes in that sample into many short nanotubes, using each of those short nanotubes as a template for growing much longer nanotubes of the same type, and then repeating the process. The result would be an amplification of the original tube type: a parent SWNT serving as the prolific progenitor of future identical SWNT types. As a proof-of-concept, we use here a short SWNT seed as a template for vapor liquid solid (VLS) amplification growth of an individual long SWNT. The original short SWNT seed was a polymer-wrapped SWNT, end-carboxylated, and further tethered with Fe salts at its ends. The Fe salts were to act as the growth catalysts upon subsequent reductive activation. Deposition of the short SWNT-Fe tipped species upon an oxide surface was followed by heating in air to consume the polymer wrappers, then reducing the Fe salts to Fe(0) under a H2-rich atmosphere. During this heating, the Fe(0) can etch back into the short SWNT so that the short SWNT acts as a template for new growth to a long SWNT that occurs upon introduction of C2H4 as a carbon source. Analysis indicated that the templated VLS-grown long SWNT had the same diameter and surface orientation as the original short SWNT seed, although amplifying the original n,m type remains to be proven. This study could pave the way for an amplified growth process of SWNTs en route to any n,m tube type synthesis from a starting sample of pure nanotubes.
Discrete-time neural net controller for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems (1996)

A family of two-layer discrete-time neural net (NN) controllers is presented for the control of a class of mnth-order MIMO dynamical system. No initial learning phase is needed so that the control action is immediate; in other words, the neural network (NN) controller exhibits a learning-while-functioning-feature instead of a learning-then-control feature. A two-layer NN is used which is linear in the tunable weights. The structure of the neural net controller is derived using a filtered error approach. It is indicated that delta-rule-based tuning, when employed for closed-loop control, can yield unbounded NN weights if: 1) the net cannot exactly reconstruct a certain required function, or 2) there are bounded unknown disturbances acting on the dynamical system. Certainty equivalence is not used, overcoming a major problem in discrete-time adaptive control. In this paper, new online tuning algorithms for discrete-time systems are derived which are similar to /spl epsiv/-modification for the case of continuous-time systems that include a modification to the learning rate parameter and a correction term to the standard delta rule.
Vascular serotonin receptors and blood pressure regulation (1984)

Abstract In most vascular beds, receptors mediating contraction to serotonin are of the 5HT 2 type (defined by [ 3 H]‐spiperone binding in brain tissue). Research on vascular serotonin receptors has been prompted by the development of ketanserin, a potent 5HT 2 ‐receptor antagonist. Recent data suggest that ketanserin also possesses α‐receptor antagonist activity and that this property accounts for its antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The multiple blocking activities of ketanserin have prompted a search for more selective 5HT 2 ‐receptor antagonists to elucidate the role of vascular serotonin receptors in blood pressure regulation. Consequently, 1‐(1‐naphthyl)piperazine (1‐NP) and LY53857, an ergoline derivative, have been identified as potent and highly selective 5HT 2 ‐receptor antagonists in vascular tissue. 1‐(1‐napthyl)piperazine and LY53857 show approximately 2,000‐ and 300,000‐fold greater affinity, respectively, for 5HT 2 ‐receptors than for α‐receptors compared to a 60‐fold selectivity of ketanserin. However, neither 1‐NP nor LY53857 lowered blood pressure in the SHR in doses that markedly shifted the pressor response to serotonin but did not antagonize α‐adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, blood pressure reduction in the SHR correlated poorly with the ability of several “5HT 2 ‐receptor antagonists” to bind to 5HT 2 ‐receptors and correlated extremely well with the binding of these agents to α‐receptors. Thus, in SHR, 1) antihypertensive activity of ketanserin occurred in doses that block α‐receptors and not at lower doses that block serotonin receptors, 2) more specific serotonin antagonists that did not block α‐receptors in vivo did not lower blood pressure, and 3) the reduction in blood pressure produced by a series of serotonin receptor antagonists correlated with their ability to block α‐receptors but not 5HT 2 ‐receptors.
Novel Multimode Fiber for Narrow-Band (2001)

In this paper, we propose a novel multimode fiber structure with modal propagation characteristics tailored to fa- cilitate the creation of narrow-band high-reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings. The fiber structure proposed consists of concentric cylin- drical shells of higher and lower refractive index material. A full vector second-order finite-element method is used to analyze the proposed multimode fiber structure. Simulations of the modal pro- files show that high-order modes are localized to particular high- refractive index shells. We present the theoretical characterization of the modal propagation constant as a function of inner shell ra- dius, shell separation, and harmonic-mode parameter. It is shown that a fiber with a minimum inner shell radius of at least 25 (where is the vacuum wavelength), and a minimum shell sepa- ration of at least 10 provides a reasonable tradeoff between fiber size and grating performance. A simulation of the multimode fiber grating shows that a grating with a full-width at half-maximum bandwidth on the order of 10 is theoretically possible, if op- tical power is launched strictly into modes with angular harmonic parameter .
Fabrication of Low-Fouling Ultrafiltration Membranes Using a Hydrophilic, Self-Doping Polyaniline Additive (2013)

A simple, scalable method for fabricating fouling-resistant ultrafiltration membranes is described. A self-doped, sulfonated form of polyaniline was blended into polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes to enhance hydrophilicity and fouling resistance. Polyaniline in its base form was sulfonated with fuming sulfuric acid, yielding sulfonated polyaniline (SPANi) with a degree of sulfonation of ∼0.5 confirmed by XPS. The SPANi polymer was dedoped and dissolved in a solution of polysulfone in N-methylpyrollidone at varying concentrations. During phase inversion to form membranes, SPANi is redoped and precipitated within the PSf membrane films in a facile one-step process. Composite membranes containing increasing amounts of SPANi were compared to the pure PSf membranes to determine changes in performance, hydrophilicity, and antifouling characteristics. The composite membranes exhibit fluxes similar to those of the pure PSf membrane and maintain rejection properties similar to those of current UF membranes. Captive bubble contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy suggest increasing membrane hydrophilicity with increasing SPANi content. During flux decline and recovery experiments, SPANi/PSf composite membranes exhibited higher flux recovery than a pure PSf membrane, with the best performing membrane regaining 95% of its original flux after being washed with deionized water, demonstrating a high resistance to irreversible fouling.
25-hydroxycholecalciferol for prevention of "milk fever" in dairy cows (1978)

Networks-on-Chip are seen as a scalable solution for facilitating the development of Systems-on-Chip with an increasing number of IP cores. Many studies already address the implementation details of such networks and a large effort has been invested in optimizing the routing strategy and the organization of the network, however by comparison the interface between the network and the IPs has been largely ignored. In this study, we explore optimizations that can be performed at the layer that connects the IPs to the services offered by the NoC. In our FPGA prototype, a MicroBlaze soft-core is connected to a remote memory via the AEthereal NoC. By employing our optimizations to the interface between the MicroBlaze and the NoC, we demonstrate an improvement in terms of speed above 880% in memory intensive tests and of up to 12% in real life applications with little use of communication.
A Double-Sided LC-Compensation Circuit for Loosely Coupled Capacitive Power Transfer (2017)

This paper proposes a double-sided LC-compensation circuit for a loosely coupled, long-distance capacitive power transfer (CPT) system. A CPT system usually contains two pairs of metal plates as the capacitive coupler. An LC-compensation circuit resonates with the coupler to generate high voltages, and corresponding electric fields, to transfer power. When the compensation circuit is used on both the primary and secondary sides, it results in a double-sided LC-compensated CPT system. The working principle and frequency properties of the CPT system are analyzed. The results show a similarity with the series-series-compensated inductive power transfer system, which has both constant-voltage (CV) and constant-current (CC) working modes. LC-compensation is also compared with LCLC -compensation in terms of power, frequency properties, and output efficiency. A 150-W double-sided LC -compensated CPT prototype is designed and implemented to demonstrate a loosely coupled CPT system with 2.16% coupling coefficient. For both CC and CV working modes, the experimental results achieve dc-dc efficiencies higher than 70% across an air-gap distance of 180 mm with a switching frequency of 1.5 MHz.
Segmentation and Characterization of Chewing Bouts by Monitoring Temporalis Muscle Using Smart Glasses With Piezoelectric Sensor (2016)

Several methods have been proposed for automatic and objective monitoring of food intake, but their performance suffers in the presence of speech and motion artifacts. This paper presents a novel sensor system and algorithms for detection and characterization of chewing bouts from a piezoelectric strain sensor placed on the temporalis muscle. The proposed data acquisition device was incorporated into the temple of eyeglasses. The system was tested by ten participants in two part experiments, one under controlled laboratory conditions and the other in unrestricted free-living. The proposed food intake recognition method first performed an energy-based segmentation to isolate candidate chewing segments (instead of using epochs of fixed duration commonly reported in research literature), with the subsequent classification of the segments by linear support vector machine models. On participant level (combining data from both laboratory and free-living experiments), with ten-fold leave-one-out cross-validation, chewing were recognized with average F-score of 96.28% and the resultant area under the curve was 0.97, which are higher than any of the previously reported results. A multivariate regression model was used to estimate chew counts from segments classified as chewing with an average mean absolute error of 3.83% on participant level. These results suggest that the proposed system is able to identify chewing segments in the presence of speech and motion artifacts, as well as automatically and accurately quantify chewing behavior, both under controlled laboratory conditions and unrestricted free-living.