gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dilatation, density and nitrogen content in type Ia diamonds: previous work and proposed experiments (1993)

Experimental data on relations between physical density, lattice parameter and the nitrogen impurity dependent optical absorptions of natural diamonds are assessed, concentrating on diamonds of infrared absorption spectral type IaA, in which nitrogen impurity is taken as residing solely in point defects of 'A' type: a pair of nitrogen atoms substituting for a pair of carbon atoms on adjacent sites. The large disagreement (by the factor 1.9) in the quantitative relation in type IaA diamonds between nitrogen concentration and infrared absorption coefficient at 1282 cm-1 determined by Kaiser and Bond compared with that recently found by Woods et al is discussed. A reinterpretation of Kaiser and Bond's work is presented that significantly lowers the reported figure for nitrogen concentration, but still leaves it an unexplained 1.5 times larger than that of Woods et al. The need for combined density, lattice parameter and impurity assaying experiments on diamonds is emphasized and a new technique for diamond density measurement is proposed.
Observing Precipitation through Dual-Polarization Radar Measurements (1992)

Dual-polarization radar measurements of precipitation are primarily influenced by the size, shape, orientation, and phase of scattering hydrometeors. As a result, these measurements can serve as a tool for remote identification of hydrometeor characteristics. This paper presents an overview of the definitions, observed values, and applications of differential reflectivity (ZDR) and linear depolarization ratio (LDR) measurements. Brief examples of these measurements are given for widespread stratiform precipitation, a rapidly developing convective cell, and a severe hailstorm. The results outline the role that ZDR can play in the differentiation of rain and solid precipitation, identification of supercooled raindrops above the 0°C level, and identification of hail at the surface. LDR measurements are seen to reveal contrasts in ice-particle shape, orientation, and particle phase. These contrasts are of particular benefit toward delineation of hail regions aloft and identification of mixed-phase particle growth environments.
Image colourisation using linear neighbourhood propagation and weighted smoothing (2017)

Image colourisation is the process used to add colour to a grey‐level image using computers and is based on the local artificial colours of the image. This study proposes a colourisation method based on linear neighbourhood propagation and weighted smoothing. The method avoids the colour‐crossing problem associated with existing methods and enables the achievement of natural and smooth colours. The image is initially coloured by hands, and this is followed by the development of a linear neighbourhood matrix model. The process is completed by global colourisation using the priority method. The final colourised image emerges through a filter‐based smoothing treatment from the boundary to the smooth area. Compared to currently popular colourisation methods, the proposed method simplifies the requirements for the initial colourisation and also produces clearer, natural, and higher‐quality images.
Flexible, Transparent, Conducting Films of Randomly Stacked Graphene from Surfactant‐Stabilized, Oxide‐Free Graphene Dispersions (2009)

Graphite is exfoliated in water to give dispersions of mono- and few-layer graphene stabilized by surfactant. These dispersions can be used to form thin, disordered films of randomly stacked, oxide-free, few-layer graphenes. These films are transparent with a direct current conductivity of up to 1.5 x 10(4) S m(-1). The conductivity is stable under flexing for at least 2000 cycles. The electrical properties are limited by disorder and aggregation suggesting future routes for improvement.
Albores de la enfermería profesional en Colombia (2009)

espanolPara indagar sobre el inicio de la profesionalizacion de la enfermeria en Colombia es forzoso remontarse a inicios del siglo veinte para estudiar las practicas de cuidado existentes y buscar explicaciones relativas a la manera en que se ofrecia la atencion de enfermeria, para finalmente, llegar a los primeros intentos de capacitacion en enfermeria realizados generalmente por galenos con el apoyo de religiosas, con la intencion de satisfacer un vacio existente en el cuidado de los enfermos en sus propio hogares y para la ayudantia medica a nivel hospitalario EnglishIn order to find the roots of nursing professionalisation in Colombia it was necessary to analyse early 20th century care practice and procedures, as well as describe early processes of nursing care. This article describes the first attempts to organise nurse training courses in Colombia in order to increase the number of nurses who could deliver both home and hospital care to patients. These first attempts mentioned above were driven by doctors aided by members of religious orders
Impact of Long‐Term ECG Recording on the Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients After an Acute Ischemic Stroke (1999)

An ECG recording time of 24 hours has a low yield to detect atrial arrhythmias in patients after an acute ischemic stroke. The present study investigated whether a recording time of 72 instead of 24 hours detects paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in more patients. The study prospectively included 82 consecutive patients 2-3 weeks after an acute ischemic stroke. All patients had sinus rhythm in the resting ECGs and no history of atrial fibrillation or flutter. The frequency of atrial fibrillation was assessed after 24, 48, and 72 hours of ambulatory ECG monitoring. An ECG monitoring time of 72 hours documented paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in five (6%) patients. The episode of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation occurred in only one patient within 24 hours. The other patients had their first episode of atrial fibrillation between 24 and 48 hours (n = 2) and between 48 and 72 hours (n = 2). These five patients were older (age = 70 +/- 5 years), whereas the mean age of the remaining patients was 59 +/- 13 years. All five patients had cardiovascular disease in comparison to 36 of 77 patients and reported palpitations in comparison to 6 of 77 of the remaining patients. In conclusion, ambulatory ECG monitoring over 72 hours detected after the first recording day four of five patients in whom paroxysmal atrial fibrillation could be documented for the first time. The 72-hour recording time improved, compared to the 24-hour period, the detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients after an ischemic stroke. It seems to be more efficient to perform prolonged ECG recording mainly in older patients with a cardiovascular disease and/or a history of palpitations.
Rush Skeletonweed (<i>Chondrilla juncea</i>) Control in Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat (2018)

Abstract Rush skeletonweed is emerging as a regionally important weed of winter wheat production in eastern Washington. Field studies were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 crop years to evaluate several auxin herbicides applied at two seasonal timings (fall or spring) for control of rush skeletonweed in winter wheat. Clopyralid (210 g ae ha -1 ) provided>90% visual control of rush skeletonweed in both years of the study and aminopyralid (10 g ae ha -1 ) provided>80% visual control. Aminocyclopyrachlor, dicamba, and 2,4-D provided<55% control of rush skeletonweed. Season of application did not meaningfully affect efficacy of any herbicide tested. Wheat yields were reduced by 39 to 69% compared to the non-treated check when aminocyclopyrachlor was applied in the spring. Clopyralid is an effective option for control of rush skeletonweed in Pacific Northwest winter wheat.
Bidirectional subwavelength slit splitter for THz surface plasmons (2007)

We have conducted a feasibility study of a frequency splitter operating at THz frequencies, based on a bidirectional subwavelength slit simulated using two-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) techniques. The near-field wave emanating from the narrow slit serves as a subwavelength-scaled excitation source. By placing two optimized grating structures on the opposite sides of the slit, the THz waves at different frequencies are guided in the two desired directions. Confinement of the optical field is illustrated for different surface structures.
Electrophysiological characteristics of hamster dorsal root ganglion cells and their response to axotomy (1988)

1. The active and passive membrane properties of neurons in the lower lumbar (L6, L7) or sacral (S1) dorsal root ganglia from golden hamsters were examined in vitro by means of conventional intracellular recording techniques. Data were collected from neurons exhibiting action potentials (AP) of 70 mV or more in amplitude. 2. Cells with axonal conduction velocities (CV) greater than 20 m/s were termed fast-A-cells, those with CVs between 2.5 and 20 m/s were termed A-delta-cells, and those with CVs less than 1 m/s were termed C-cells. 3. Fast-A-cells usually exhibited short-duration APs (2.51 +/- 0.41 ms, n = 19) followed by short (less than 50 ms) afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). C-cells usually exhibited long-duration APs (10.5 +/- 0.69 ms, n = 18) followed by long-duration AHPs (much greater than 50 ms). The characteristics of APs in A-delta-cells (AP mean duration 3.34 +/- 0.42 ms, n = 32) were intermediate between those of fast-A- and C-cells. Long AHPs (duration much greater than 50 ms) were manifest in 43.8% of A-delta-cells. 4. A time-dependent sag in hyperpolarizing electrotonic potentials (rectification) was found in 68.8% of fast-A-cells, 45.5% of A-delta-cells, and 62.5% of C-cells. 5. To examine neuronal properties 1-6 wk after transection of the sciatic nerve (axotomy), cells were reclassified as SAP (short action potential) cells and LAP (long action potential) cells. Cells in the SAP category had AP durations less than 5 ms and included all fast-A-cells and the majority of A-delta-cells. The LAP category included cells with AP durations greater than 8 ms contained only C-cells. 6. Axotomy failed to decrease the CV of LAP cells or A-delta-cells in the SAP group. The CV of LAP cells may have increased (P less than 0.05), whereas that of SAP cells was unchanged. 7. The duration of the AP and AHP of SAP cells were slightly increased (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05), whereas AP and AHP duration of LAP cells were unchanged after axotomy. AHP amplitudes of all cell types tended to be smaller (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05). Axotomy did not alter the resting membrane potential or reduce the incidence of rectification in any cell type. 8. Invasion of the soma by axonally evoked APs was impeded in all cell types after axotomy even though a decrease (P less than 0.05) in rheobase of SAP cells occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Interaction and Lipid-Induced Conformation of Two Cecropin−Melittin Hybrid Peptides Depend on Peptide and Membrane Composition (2005)

The interaction of two hybrid peptides of cecropin A and melittin [CA(1−8)M(1−18) and CA(1−7)M(2−9)] with liposomes was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), circular dichroism (CD), and quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS). The study was carried out with large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of three different lipid compositions: 1,2-dimyristoil-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (DMPG) and a binary mixture of DMPC/DMPG, in a wide range of peptide-to-lipid (P:L) molar ratios (0 to 1:7). DSC results indicate that, for both peptides, the interaction depends on membrane composition, with very different behavior for zwitterionic and anionic membranes. CD data show that, although the two peptides have different secondary structures in buffer (random coil for CA(1−7)M(2−9) and predominantly β-sheet for CA(1−8)M(1−18)), they both adopt an α-helical structure in the presence of the membranes. Overall, results are compatible with a model involving a strong electrostatic surface interaction between the peptides and the negatively charged liposomes, which gives place to aggregation in the gel phase and precipitation after a threshold peptide concentration. In the case of zwitterionic membranes, a progressive surface coverage with peptide molecules destabilizes the membrane, eventually leading to membrane disruption. Moreover, delicate modulations in behavior were observed depending on the peptide.
Combination of Ring-Opening Polymerization and “Click” Chemistry for the Synthesis of an Amphiphilic Tadpole-Shaped Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Grafted by PEO (2007)

A tadpole shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL; Mn = 24 500) was made amphiphilic by grafting the two PCL tails with PEO. In the first step, a macrocyclic PCL was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (εCL) initiated by a cyclic tin(IV) dialkoxide and stabilized by local intramolecular photo-cross-linking. In the second step, the polymerization of a mixture of εCL and α-chloro-ε-caprolactone (αClεCL) was resumed with formation of two activated chloride containing PCL tails. In the third step, the chlorides were converted into azides onto which alkynyl end-capped PEO was grafted by the copper-mediated Huisgen's cycloaddition [3 + 2], thus giving a “click” reaction. The thermal properties of the final copolymer and the precursors were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. The amphiphilicity of the final copolymer was confirmed by micellization in water.
<i>In vivo</i>HIV-1 infection of CD45RA<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells is established primarily by syncytium-inducing variants and correlates with the rate of CD4<sup>+</sup>T cell decline (2000)

Switch from non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) to syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with accelerated CD4(+) T cell depletion, which might partially be explained by higher virulence of SI variants compared with NSI variants. Because NSI and SI variants use different coreceptors for entry of target cells, altered tropism might offer an explanation for increased pathogenesis associated with SI HIV-1 infection. To investigate whether SI and NSI HIV-1 variants infect different CD4(+) T cell subsets in vivo, the distribution of SI and NSI variants over CD4(+) memory (CD45RA(-)RO(+)) and naive (CD45RA(+)RO(-)) cells was studied by using limiting dilution cultures. In contrast to NSI variants that were mainly present in CD45RO(+) cells, SI variants were equally distributed over CD45RO(+) and CD45RA(+) cells. Infection of memory cells by both NSI and SI HIV-1 and infection of naive cells primarily by SI HIV-1 corresponded closely with the differential cell surface expression of CXCR4 and CCR5. The frequency of SI-infected CD45RA(+) CD4(+) T cells, but not the frequency of NSI- or SI-infected CD45RO(+) CD4(+) T cells, correlated with the rate of CD4(+) T cell depletion. Infection of naive cells by SI HIV-1 may interfere with CD4(+) T cell production and thus account for rapid CD4(+) T cell depletion.
Handoff management without intercell hard handoffs in a multifrequency cdma system (2003)

The paper addresses handoff management in a multifrequency code-division multiple-access system with nonuniform traffic loads over cells. We propose a new handoff scheme, adaptive handoff management (AHM), in which the intercell hard handoffs, which not only incur an equipment cost burden but also degrade call quality, are totally removed. Also strengthened in the AHM is the call-control capability of adaptively reflecting a changing traffic environment. Traffic and mobility analysis is first conducted on a single isolated cell with two concentric circle boundaries, thereby rendering two key performance measures. We then formulate a mathematical problem of finding the optimal parameters of the proposed AHM in which intracell hard handoffs are exploited most effectively. After reporting a simple solution process, computational experiments are conducted to illustrate the superiority of AHM in two key performance criteria.
Error detection and correction in semiconductor memories using 3D parity check code with hamming code (2017)

Data stored in memory or buffer needs Error Detection And Correction (EDAC). Errors occur due to supply voltage fluctuations and/or noise due to electromagnetic interference or external radiation. These errors could be either temporary or permanent. In this paper, a EDAC method is proposed to detect and correct errors based on 3D parity check. In the encoder, the data bits are arranged in a matrix format and then parity bits are calculated for each row, column and diagonal. Errors present in parity bits are detected and corrected using Hamming code. Regeneration of data bits and Syndrome calculation at the decoder helps in detecting and correcting the error bits in the data. The 3D Parity check code can correct up to 3 bits of any combination of errors in the data and the Hamming code can correct up to 3 bits in the parity, if they occur in specific combinations. Thus, this method can detect and correct errors in both data and parity bits. This method achieves higher reliability by having a slight tradeoff in area and power consumption compared to other similar methods.
Optically assisted internet routing using arrays of novel dynamically reconfigurable FBG-based correlators (2003)

As routing tables in core Internet routers grow to exceed 100,000 entries, it is becoming essential to develop methods to reduce the lookup time required to forward packets toward their destinations. In this paper, we employ a bank of novel thermally tuned fiber-Bragg-grating-based optical correlators to construct an "optical bypass" to accelerate conventional electronic Internet routers. The correlators are configured as a routing table cache that can quickly determine the destination port for a fraction of the incoming traffic by examining only a subset of the bits in an IP packet's 32-bit destination address. We also demonstrate a novel multiwavelength correlator based on fiber Bragg grating that can simultaneously recognize the header bits on multiple wavelengths for use in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems. Using the optical bypass, routing table lookup times are reduced by an order of magnitude from microseconds to nanoseconds and are limited only by the speed of the optical switch.
Experimental characterization of the polarization state dynamics of personal communication radio channels (2002)

In personal communication systems, random handset orientation, low antenna polarization purity and radio channel polarization decoupling will affect the polarization state. An experiment setup with 25-ns temporal resolution at 1.8 GHz is used to measure vertical and horizontal polarizations simultaneously. The measurements are used to characterize the dynamics of the polarization state in personal communication environments. The polarization state is described by Poincare sphere parameters to obtain more complete polarization information than that given by cross-polarization discrimination figures. A negative correlation between power and polarization gradient is found.
A Comparison Of Earned Value Analysis Method To Earned Schedule As Of Time Duration (2015)

Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is a well- known planning and control management system that integrates cost, schedule and technical performance. It allows for the calculation of cost and schedule variances, and performance indices as well as forecasting project final cost and schedule duration. The Earned Value Analysis method provides timely assessment of project performance highlighting the need for eventual corrective action. Earned Value Analysis method (EVA) was originally developed for cost management and has not been widely used for forecasting project duration. EVA typically calculate the Schedule Efficiency through the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) based on budgeted cost and not on the time of work(s) accomplished. Therefore, it may not accurately determine the time - base schedule efficiency, particularly for late completion projects, and it makes it difficult to correlate the final duration with project planned duration determined through critical path network (CPM) calculation. The purpose of this study is to compare the classic Earned Value Performance Indicators with the time dependent Earned Schedule Performance Indicators to help a program manager(s) to estimate / predict a more realistic /reliable time duration of project that can better correlate with CPM. It also explores how Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools simulation could be incorporated with Base-line or S-curve to reflect the timely phased physical progress synthesis during the development of project as opposed to the traditional use of cash flow analysis.
Les dimensions émergentes de l'intimité au-dehors du chez soi dans les zones d'habitat individuel dense (2007)

Cette recherche propose une exploration du rapport entre l'Habitat Individuel Dense et les formes d'intimite qu'il permet de developper. L'intimite questionnee ici est celle qui peut prendre place dans les espaces de transition, les lieux exterieurs a proximite immediate de l'habitation. L'observation et le recueil des paroles d'habitants a travers des methodes d'enquetes pluridisciplinaire dans de tels lieux a permis de relever des indices sensibles : les marqueurs de l'intimite . D'apres l'analyse menee sur le materiau recueilli in situ nous avons mis en evidence des formes d'intimite individuelles et collectives. Celles-ci ont ete observees a travers les sensorialites mises en œuvre et les notions de distance interpersonnelle, de communaute de voisinage et de temporalite de l'habiter. Ces formes d'intimite permettent d'identifier les qualites particulieres attachees aux lieux par ceux qui les pratiquent.
Artificial siderophores. 2. Syntheses of trihydroxamate analogs of rhodotorulic acid and their biological iron transport capabilities in Escherichia coli (1985)

Tris[(acetylhydroxyamino)alkyl] isocyanurates 2a-c were synthesized from alpha, omega-dibromoalkanes 5 in four steps. The alkylation of the bromides 5a-c with O-benzyl-N-[(trichloroethoxy)carbonyl]hydroxylamine in the presence of DBU gave N-alkylation products 7a-c. The (trichloroethoxy)cabronyl protecting group of 7a-c was easily removed by Zn dust in acetic acid. When the reaction was performed with acetic anhydride, the desired N-acetylated materials 10a-c were obtained. The alkylation of cyanuric acid with 12 in the presence of base provided the N-alkylated materials 13, which were hydrogenated to provide 2a-c. In order to determine the affect of structural modifications on biological activity, various chain lengths of the side arms were utilized and the retroanalogue 3 was prepared. Most of the compounds examined acted as ferrichrome in supporting the iron nutrition of Escherichia coli. However, tris[(acetylhydroxyamino)butyl] isocyanurate 2b, and to some extent its pentyl analogue, 2c, displayed the unique and remarkable property of supporting growth of fhuB mutants, the latter unresponsive to the other analogues and to all natural siderophores tested.
The Impacts of Environmental Cues and Browsing Experience on Impulse Buying on Social Shopping Website (2018)

Based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm, this study develops a model to theorize how environmental cues on social shopping website affect impulse buying behavior from the perspective of browsing experience. Social shopping websites bring a novel online browsing experience for customers. However, how browsing experience on this platform affect customers impulsively have received insufficient academic attention. The results reveal that the unique factors of social shopping website, namely the quality of user-generated content and social presence are critical for facilitating customersâ browsing experiences. The results also show that both utilitarian browsing and hedonic browsing experience have a positive impact on customersâ urge to buy impulsively. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.