gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Piezoelectric Motor-Based Microactuator-Generated Distractor for Continuous Jaw Bone Distraction (2011)

Distraction osteogenesis is widely applied to correct oral and maxillofacial deformities, and intermittent distraction protocols have been used in various clinical applications. There are many challenges for continuous distraction of the jaw bone such as when using hydraulic motors and motor-driven plates. The size of the motor is critical to the ability to miniaturize the complete distractor system, and the importance of size makes it difficult to extrapolate the results of animal models to the clinical situation. This study developed a microactuator-generated distractor (MAGD) for continuous jaw bone distraction. The MAGD system consists of control software based on Microsoft Windows and a Squiggle piezoelectric motor. The system allows various intermittent and continuous distraction protocols to be simply selected using the control software. The maximum force of the laboratory-scale MAGD is 3 N, and the device is ready for adoption in small-animal distraction models such as the rat and mouse. The MAGD needs further refinement before it can be applied to humans, but a fully implanted MAGD system will reduce soft-tissue complications resulting from exposure of the extraoral component. Moreover, the MAGD will support the patient's social activities and require only minimal cooperation from the patient.
Multi-Part Setup Planning for Sheet Metal Bending Operations (1997)

Abstract Most process planning systems solve process planning problem for individual parts. Quite often, many different parts can be produced on shared setups. However, plans generated by current process planning systems fail to exploit this commonality between setups and try to generate optimal setups for individual parts. In this paper, we present an algorithm for multi-part setup planning. This algorithm takes a family of parts and tries to find a composite setup plan that can work for every part in the part family. Our setup planning algorithm employs a new two-step approach to handle multi-part setup planning problems. First, we identify the setup constraints imposed by various bending operations in the part family. These setup constraints describe spatial constraints on sizes and locations of various tooling stages in the setup. After identifying setup constraints, we try to generate setup plans that can satisfy all setup constraints. Any setup plan that satisfies all setup constraints is capable of accommodating every part in the part family. Setup changes constitute a major portion of the production time in batch production environments. We believe that multipart setup planning technique can be used to significantly cut down the total number of setups and increase the overall throughput.
Mechanically assisted 3D prostate ultrasound imaging and biopsy needle-guidance system (2010)

Prostate biopsy procedures are currently limited to using 2D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging to guide the biopsy needle. Being limited to 2D causes ambiguity in needle guidance and provides an insufficient record to allow guidance to the same suspicious locations or avoid regions that are negative during previous biopsy sessions. We have developed a mechanically assisted 3D ultrasound imaging and needle tracking system, which supports a commercially available TRUS probe and integrated needle guide for prostate biopsy. The mechanical device is fixed to a cart and the mechanical tracking linkage allows its joints to be manually manipulated while fully supporting the weight of the ultrasound probe. The computer interface is provided in order to track the needle trajectory and display its path on a corresponding 3D TRUS image, allowing the physician to aim the needle-guide at predefined targets within the prostate. The system has been designed for use with several end-fired transducers that can be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the probe in order to generate 3D image for 3D navigation. Using the system, 3D TRUS prostate images can be generated in approximately 10 seconds. The system reduces most of the user variability from conventional hand-held probes, which make them unsuitable for precision biopsy, while preserving some of the user familiarity and procedural workflow. In this paper, we describe the 3D TRUS guided biopsy system and report on the initial clinical use of this system for prostate biopsy.
Low and High Tenascin-Expressing Tumors Are Efficiently Targeted by ST2146 Monoclonal Antibody (2006)

ST2146biot is a biotinylated anti-tenascin monoclonal antibody (mAb) to be used for Pretargeted Antibody Guided Radioimmunotherapy (PAGRIT) of solid tumors. In vivo biodistribution studies of (125)I-labeled ST2146biot were done in nude mice transplanted with human HT-29 colon carcinoma and/or human U-118MG glioblastoma cells characterized for low and high tenascin expression, respectively. In vitro results show that ST2146 retains immunoreactivity upon biotinylation, in contrast to other anti-tenascin mAbs. In vivo biodistribution of ST2146 shows specific tumor accumulation up to 10 days after the i.v. injection, with no relevant differences between biotinylated and nonbiotinylated ST2146. A dose of 4 microg/mouse saturates the low tenascin-expressing human colon carcinoma HT-29, whereas the high tenascin-expressing human glioblastoma U-118MG seems to be saturated at a ST2146biot dose between 320 and 640 microg/mouse. The percentage of injected dose per gram of tumor ranges from 10% to 30%, corresponding to an amount of ST2146biot/g of tumor of approximately 400 ng/g and >200 microg/g for HT-29 and U-118MG, respectively. Tumor to normal organs uptake ratios are between 15 and 60, confirming high tumor selectivity of ST2146biot despite its cross-reactivity with the tenascin expressed at low level in the normal mouse organs. The ST2146biot localization data are substantially confirmed even when both low and high tenascin-expressing tumors are implanted in the same animal. To our knowledge, the absolute amount of ST2146biot, specifically localized in xenotransplanted human tumors, is the highest thus far described and supports the clinical use of this mAb in PAGRIT(R).
Computerized radiographic analysis of osteoporosis: preliminary evaluation. (1993)

Measurement of bone mass is important in determining the risk for fracture and in following the course of patients undergoing therapy for osteoporosis. Bone mineral densitometry (BMD) is a good predictor of fracture risk, but there is considerable overlap in BMD measurements between individuals with fracture risk and those without. In this study, computerized texture analysis of the trabecular pattern on conventional spine radiographs was used to evaluate bone structure as a determinant of fracture risk. Standard lumbar spine radiographs of 43 individuals were analyzed and compared with BMD measurements obtained with dual-photon absorptiometry. This method was more effective than BMD in differentiation of patients with fractures elsewhere in the spine from those with no fracture. These preliminary results suggest that this method of bone structure analysis, combined with BMD, may lead to a more sensitive and specific predictor of osteoporosis and risk of fracture.
The C108g Epitope in the V2 Domain of gp120 Functions as a Potent Neutralization Target When Introduced into Envelope Proteins Derived from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primary Isolates (2005)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against epitopes in the V2 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 often possess neutralizing activity, but these generally are highly type specific, neutralize only laboratory isolates, or have low potency. The most potent of these is C108g, directed against a type-specific epitope in HXB2 and BaL gp120s, which is glycan dependent and, in contrast to previous reports, dependent on intact disulfide bonds. This epitope was introduced into two primary Envs, derived from a neutralization-sensitive (SF162) and a neutralization-resistant (JR-FL) isolate, by substitution of two residues and, for SF162, addition of an N-linked glycosylation site. C108g effectively neutralized both variant Envs with considerably higher potency than standard MAbs against the V3 and CD4-binding domains and the broadly neutralizing MAbs 2G12 and 2F5. These amino acid substitutions also introduced the epitope recognized by a second V2-specific MAb, 10/76b, but this MAb possessed potent neutralizing activity only in the absence of the glycan required for C108g reactivity. In contrast to other gp120-specific neutralizing MAbs, C108g did not block binding of soluble Env proteins to either the CD4 or the CCR5 receptor, but studies with a fusion-arrested Env indicated that C108g neutralized at a step preceding the one blocked by the gp41-specific MAb, 2F5. These results indicate that the V1/V2 domain possesses targets that mediate potent neutralization of primary viral isolates via a novel mechanism and suggest that inclusion of carbohydrate determinants into these epitopes may help overcome the indirect masking effects that limit the neutralizing potency of antibodies commonly produced after infection.
Newly discovered hepatitis C virus minicores circulate in human blood (2017)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most prevalent causes of chronic blood-borne infections worldwide. Despite developments of highly effective treatments, most infected individuals are unaware of their infection. Approximately 75% of infections are in low- and middle-income countries; therefore, continuing research in HCV molecular virology and the development of vaccines and affordable diagnostics is required to reduce the global burden. Various intracellular forms of the HCV nucleocapsid (core) protein are produced in cell culture; these comprise the conventional p21 core and the newly discovered shorter isoforms (minicores). Minicores lack the N-terminus of p21 core. This study was conducted to determine if minicores are secreted in cell culture and more importantly if they circulate in the blood of individuals infected with HCV. We also developed a new monoclonal antibody that detects minicores targeting a C-terminal region common to p21 core and minicores. Direct evidence of minicores requires western blot analysis to distinguish the detection of p21 core from minicores. However, the sensitivity for western blot detection of HCV proteins from blood is nil without their prior purification/enrichment from blood. Therefore, we developed a purification method based on a heparin/Mn<sup>+2</sup> precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins because HCV is thought to circulate as a hybrid lipoviral particle. Minicores are secreted in culture when cells are grown in the presence of human serum. The heparin/Mn<sup>+2</sup> precipitate from HCV-infected cell culture supernatants and from the blood of 4 patients with high-titer genotype-1 HCV contained minicores. <i>Conclusion</i>: Minicores are major newly discovered HCV proteins that are secreted and circulate in blood during natural infections. Minicore proteins have translational potential as targets in diagnostic assays and in vaccine development. (<i>Hepatology Communications</i> 2018;2:21-28).
Synthesis of Azido Heterocycles (2008)

Abstract Syntheses of azido derivatives of hexaazaisowurtzitane, triazine, and tetrazine heterocyclic compounds are described.
Schiff Base Ligand Coated Gold Nanoparticles for the Chemical Sensing of Fe(III) Ions (2015)

New Schiff base‐coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of type AuNP@L (where L: thiolated Schiff base ligand) have been synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The AuNPs and AuNP@L were imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and were confirmed to be well‐dispersed, uniformly distributed, spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 8–10 nm. Their potential applications for chemosensing were investigated in UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The AuNP@L exhibited selectivity for Fe 3+ in an ethanol/water mixture (ratio 9 : 1 v/v). The absorption and emission spectral studies revealed a 1 : 1 binding mode for Fe 3+ , with binding constants of 8.5 × 10 5 and 2.9 × 10 5 M −1 , respectively.
Byte-Select Compression (2021)

Cache-block compression is a highly effective technique for both reducing accesses to lower levels in the memory hierarchy (cache compression) and minimizing data transfers (link compression). While many effective cache-block compression algorithms have been proposed, the design of these algorithms is largely ad hoc and manual and relies on human recognition of patterns. In this article, we take an entirely different approach. We introduce a class of “byte-select” compression algorithms, as well as an automated methodology for generating compression algorithms in this class. We argue that, based on upper bounds within the class, the study of this class of byte-select algorithms has potential to yield algorithms with better performance than existing cache-block compression algorithms. The upper bound we establish on the compression ratio is 2X that of any existing algorithm. We then offer a generalized representation of a subset of byte-select compression algorithms and search through the resulting space guided by a set of training data traces. Using this automated process, we find efficient and effective algorithms for various hardware applications. We find that the resulting algorithms exploit novel patterns that can inform future algorithm designs. The generated byte-select algorithms are evaluated against a separate set of traces and evaluations show that Byte-Select has a 23% higher compression ratio on average. While no previous algorithm performs best for all our data sets which include CPU and GPU applications, our generated algorithms do. Using an automated hardware generator for these algorithms, we show that their decompression and compression latency is one and two cycles respectively, much lower than any existing algorithm with a competitive compression ratio.
Unprecedented Sour Mixed-Gas Permeation Properties of Fluorinated Polyazole-Based Membranes (2020)

A polyoxadiazole polymer POz-CF3 was prepared, and complete gas permeation properties were investigated on its corresponding membrane using pure-, and multicomponent mixed-gas feeds. The POz-CF3 membrane demonstrated attractive pure- and sweet mixed-gas permeation properties; however, the performance of its membrane declined dramatically during sour mixed-gas testing. The modification of POz-CF3 into its corresponding polytriazole polymers led to changes in their membranes’ mechanical, thermal, processability, and gas permeation properties. For example, the membrane formation of FPT-Ph(NMe2) polytriazole could not be possible due to the polymer low solubility in most solvents. In contrast, the polytriazole FPT-Ph(OH) afforded membranes with improved mechanical properties and enhanced pure- and mixed-gas permeation properties compared to POz-CF3 membrane. The sour mixed-gas results, in particular, are very attractive and superior to most of the aromatic polymeric membranes tested with similar conditions of gas feed (20 vol % H2S) and operational pressure and temperature.
Building a Metal-Responsive Promoter with Synthetic Regulatory Elements (1985)

A fusion gene consisting of the promoter region from the mouse metallothionein-I gene joined to the coding region of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is efficiently regulated by zinc in a transient assay when transfected into baby hamster kidney cells. Analysis of similar plasmids in which the metallothionein-I promoter region was mutated indicated the presence of multiple metal regulatory elements (MREs) between -176 and -44 base pairs from the cap site. To further investigate the function of MREs, we inserted a synthetic DNA fragment containing the sequence of MRE-a (the element between -55 and -44 base pairs) into the nonresponsive promoter of the thymidine kinase gene in various positions and configurations. Little or no induction by zinc was observed with single insertions of the regulatory sequence, whereas many different constructions having two copies of MRE-a were inducible. The precise position of the two MREs relative to each other or to the thymidine kinase promoter elements had a relatively small effect on the efficiency of induction, but the inducibility could be further increased by the introduction of more MRE-a sequences. MRE-a can function synergistically with the thymidine kinase distal promoter elements, but in the presence of the TATA box alone it functions as a positive, zinc-dependent promoter element.
Ultrasonic Arrays for Localized Presence Sensing (2011)

Advanced sensing solutions are central in the realization of energy-efficient lighting systems. This paper presents an ultrasonic array sensor for localized presence sensing in indoor environments. Localized presence sensing refers to the determination of presence and locations of occupants. Our proposed sensing solution comprises of a single transmitter and a linear array of receiving elements. In order to meet presence sensing requirements in indoor office scenarios, a pulsed sinusoid transmitter waveform and receiver processing algorithms for location estimation are designed. The signals at the receiver array are processed to obtain range and direction-of-arrival estimates. These location estimates are improved using a tracking algorithm based on occupant movement models and by mitigating multipath effects. The performance of the proposed presence sensing solution is shown in multi-occupant office environments.
Thermosetting Phthalocyanine Polymers (1985)

Group of phthalocyanine polymers resist thermal degradation. Polymers expected semiconducting. Principal applications probably in molded or laminated parts that have to withstand high temperatures. Polymers made from either of two classes of monomer: Bisphthalonitriles with imide linkages or Bisphthalonitriles with ester-imide linkages.
Digital pathology and anatomic pathology laboratory information system integration to support digital pathology sign-out (2016)

Integrating the DPS and APLIS were instrumental for successfully implementing a digital solution at our institution for pathology sign-out. The integration streamlined our digital sign-out workflow, diminished the potential for human error related to matching slides, and improved the sign-out experience for pathologists.
EVALUATION OF A CONTINUOUS VALUED CHAOTIC SPREADER USED IN A CHAOTIC DIGITAL CODE-DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS ((<font>CD</font>)<sup>2</sup><font>MA</font>) SYSTEM (2000)

This paper presents a possible realization of a ( CD ) 2 MA multiuser communication system. The state variables of two synchronized chaotic Chua's circuits are thereby used to generate identical continuous valued spreader sequences in the transmitter and the receiver. To create a higher degree of randomness in the signatures, the state variables are processed by a k-shift cypher. The performance to be expected for such a system as opposed to designs using binary spreaders can be estimated theoretically. For verification, extensive simulations were run that allow for a direct comparison of the chaotic spreader with a traditional binary Gold sequence or a sequence of continuous random numbers, respectively, in terms of the achievable bit error ratio for a given data rate and number of simultaneous users per channel. A brief description of the system and channel models implemented in the simulation program is provided. The simuation results are presented and discussed.
Rapid-scan spectrophotometer for the study of turbid systems (1977)

We have constructed a type of rapid-scan spectrophotometer which can be used in several modes. The scanning element is a mirror mounted on the rotor of a galvanometer, which is under closed-loop control, forcing the mirror orientation to follow the input drive signal rapidly and accurately. Consequently, the wavelength scan pattern closely reflects the input waveform, imparting considerable versatility in the use of this controlled-scan spectrophotometer (CSS). We have operated the CSS as a dual-wavelength spectrophotometer, utilizing a square wave as the mirror drive waveform. In another application, we have used a periodic ramp mirror drive signal and a signal averager in the operation of the CSS as a sensitive (0.0003 A) differential spectrophotometer which incorporates correction for light scattering changes.
Atmospheric correction of spectral imagery data (2000)

Atmospheric emission, scattering, and photon absorption degrade spectral imagery data and reduce its utility. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Spectral Sciences, Inc. are developing a MODTRAN4-based 'atmospheric mitigation’ algorithm to support current and planned IR-visible-UV sensor spectral radiance imagery measurements. The intent is to provide surface reflectance and emissivity imagery data of sufficient accuracy for input into subsequent analyses of surface properties, effectively removing the atmospheric component. This report is the result of the application of the atmospheric mitigation algorithm to a NASA/JPL AVIRIS spectral image cube as a pre-processing step towards improving the performance of image categorization routines.
Large volume water sprays for dispersing warm fogs (1986)

A new method for dispersing of warm fogs which impede visibility and alter schedules is described. The method uses large volume recycled water sprays to create curtains of falling drops through which the fog is processed by the ambient wind and spray-induced air flow; the fog droplets are removed by coalescence/rainout. The efficiency of this fog droplet removal process depends on the size spectra of the spray drops and optimum spray drop size is calculated as between 0.3-1.0 mm in diameter. Water spray tests were conducted in order to determine the drop size spectra and temperature response of sprays produced by commercially available fire-fighting nozzles, and nozzle array tests were utilized to study air flow patterns and the thermal properties of the overall system. The initial test data reveal that the fog-dispersal procedure is effective.
Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model (2006)

We have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and -- since we do not use the original measured data -- easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis.