gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low-Power, Atmospheric Pressure, Pulsed Plasma Source for Molecular Emission Spectrometry (2000)

A low-power, plasma source-based, portable molecular emission detector is described in this paper. The detector employs a pulsed-plasma source operated at atmospheric pressure for molecular fragmentation and excitation. The plasma was generated with a home-built high-voltage pulsed power supply. The average operational power of the detector was less than 0.2 W. The effects of operational parameters such as plasma gas, voltage, and plasma gas flow rate were investigated. Molecular emission spectra of a variety of organic compounds were studied. The features of the emission spectra obtained with the pulsed plasma source were significantly different from those obtained with direct current (dc) discharge at a power higher than 10 W. The spectra obtained in this work showed strong CH emission at 431.2 nm; however, the typical CN emission observed with a conventional dc plasma source at 383-388 nm was very weak in most cases. The strong CN emission was only obtained for compounds containing nitrogen, such as aniline. Dimethyl sulfoxide can be detected at a limit of 200 ppb using helium plasma by observing the emission band of the CH radical. The detector was very stable and did not experience electrode fouling even with the introduction of organic vapors. Such a detector is very promising for organic vapor detection.
Some autoantibodies to Ro/SS‐A and La/SS‐B are antiidiotypes to anti–double‐stranded DNA (1996)

In sera with anti-Ro/SS-A and anti- La/SS-B, there are subpopulations of these antibodies that bind and mask anti-dsDNA. We hypothesize that these anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B antibodies are antiidiotypes to idiotypes on anti-dsDNA and that they both mask and down-regulate these anti-dsDNA antibodies.
Application of a Diesel Fuel Processor to Single Leg NOx Adsorber Systems (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Lean NOx adsorber systems are one of the primary candidate technologies for the control of NOx from diesel engines to meet the 2007-2010 US emissions regulations. Several of the technical challenges facing this technology are regeneration at low exhaust temperatures and the efficient use of diesel fuel to minimize fuel penalty. Recent reports have shown that “reactive” reductants such as H<sub>2</sub>, CO and oxygenated species can regenerate NO<sub>x</sub> traps more rapidly and at lower temperatures. A diesel fuel processor system has been developed and tested in a single leg NOx adsorber configuration on a diesel engine test stand. During NO<sub>x</sub> adsorber regeneration, this fuel processor system reduces the exhaust O<sub>2</sub> level to zero and efficiently processes the diesel fuel to H<sub>2</sub> and CO. Combined with a NO<sub>x</sub> adsorber catalyst, this system has demonstrated NO<sub>x</sub> reduction above 90%, regeneration of the NO<sub>x</sub> adsorber with H<sub>2</sub>/CO pulses as short as 1 second and fuel penalties in the 3 to 4% range at 50% load. This fuel processor system can also be used to provide the desulfation cycle required with sulfur containing fuels as well as providing thermal management for PM filter regeneration.</div>
Three-dimensional STED microscopy of aberrating tissue using dual adaptive optics (2016)

When imaging through tissue, the optical inhomogeneities of the sample generate aberrations that can prevent effective Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) imaging. This is particularly problematic for 3D-enhanced STED. We present here an adaptive optics implementation that incorporates two adaptive optic elements to enable correction in all beam paths, allowing performance improvement in thick tissue samples. We use this to demonstrate 3D STED imaging of complex structures in Drosophila melanogaster brains.
The Myotonic Dystrophy Gene (1993)

The myotonic dystrophy gene codes for a protein kinase and contains a repeated trinucleotide motif (adenine-guanine-cytosine [AGC]) in its transcribed sequence. The repeat is polymorphic in the general population, varying in size from five to 37 AGC units in normal alleles. Myotonic dystrophy patients show expansions of the repeated sequence from over 50 elements up to several thousand units. There is a positive correlation between repeat size and clinical severity. The direct analysis of the AGC repeat size allows an easy confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy in difficult cases and for prenatal counseling.
A game theoretic DRA approach for improved spread spectrum frequency hopped waveforms performance in the presence of smart jammers (2017)

Anti-jamming is an important capability for satellite communication (SATCOM) systems, when critical communication links may need to be maintained in hostile environments with smart jammers trying to disrupt the communications. The protection of SATCOM links from intended radio frequency interference (RFI) is a complex task. Anti-jamming (AJ) can be done in multiple domains: space, time, frequency, modulation, and coding. In this paper, a game theoretic dynamic resource allocation (DRA) approach is presented to enhance AJ performance of spread spectrum frequency hopped waveforms used in SATCOM. The game theoretic optimization is obtained through resource allocation such as, frequency, bandwidth, power, transmission time, modulation and coding (MODCOD) against smart jammers.
Fast measurements of the motion and velocity spectrum of blood using MR tagging (2001)

A new method is presented for tracking the motion of blood and determining its velocity spectrum from magnetic resonance data collected within a single heartbeat. The method begins by tagging a column of blood in a vessel by combining a 1D SPAMM excitation with a 2D cylindrical excitation. A series of 1D projections of the tagging pattern is acquired from a train of gradient echoes. The influence of specific excitation profiles and velocity profiles on the motion of the tags is explored for steady flow. It is shown mathematically, and confirmed with phantom experiments, that the velocity of a tag equals the mean velocity of the excited fluid when the velocity spectrum is symmetric about its mean velocity. The velocity spectrum is derived by analyzing the interference between tags moving at different velocities. This appears to be the first use of magnitude tagging to obtain velocity spectra. Representative measurements in a human aorta are presented to assess feasibility in vivo. Magn Reson Med 45:461–469, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analysis and behavioural modelling of matching networks for resonant‐operating capacitive wireless power transfer (2019)

This study introduces a two‐port network‐based behavioural modelling approach for resonant‐operated capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. A simple, generic and unified modelling approach is developed to describe the behaviour of WPT systems, under changes of the source and load circuits, variations of the coupling interface and drifts of the components in the matching networks. The resultant model provides insights into the electrical cross‐coupling relationships between input and output parameters of the capacitive power transfer systems, including the effect of distance and alignment of the coupling plates. Regardless of the circuit complexity, it is demonstrated that the model core can be reduced to a basic gyrator relationship with added coefficients when required, thus obtaining a compact, closed‐form relationship between the input and output. To provide a simulation framework for capacitive medium variations, a simulation‐compatible model of the capacitive coupling using a continuous‐time variable capacitor has been constructed. The behavioural model and methodology have been validated through simulations and experiments. A 200 W experimental capacitive WPT prototype has been designed and examined for various air‐gaps up to 100 mm at a resonant operation of 1.56 MHz. A very good agreement is obtained between the theoretical predictions, simulations, and experimental results.
Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient on Effectiveness of the Magnetic Sifter for Cell Purification (2012)

In our experiments with NCI-H1650 lung cancer cell lines labeled with magnetic nanoparticles via the Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) antigen, we demonstrate capture efficiencies above 90% even at sample flow rates of 5 ml/h through our microfabricated magnetic sifter. We also improve the elution efficiencies from between 50% and 60% to close to 90% via optimization of the permanent magnet size and position used to magnetize the sifter. We then explain our observations via the use of finite element software for magnetic field and field gradient distributions, and a particle tracing algorithm, illustrating the impact of magnetic field gradients on the performance of the magnetic sifter. The high capture and elution efficiencies observed here is especially significant for magnetic separation of biologically interesting but rare moieties such as cancer stem cells for downstream analysis.
Response of Ventilator-dependent Patients to Different Levels of Pressure Support and Proportional Assist (1999)

The ventilator's response to the patient's effort is quite different in proportional assist ventilation (PAV) and pressure support ventilation (PSV). We wished to determine whether this results in different ventilatory and breathing pattern responses to alterations in level of support and, if so, whether there are any gas exchange consequences. Fourteen patients were studied. Average elastance (E) was 22.8 (range, 14 -36) cm H2O/L and average resistance (R) was 15. 7 (range, 9-21) cm H2O/L/s. The highest PSV support (PSVmax) was that associated with a tidal volume (VT) of 10 ml/kg (20.4 +/- 3.2 cm H2O), and the highest level of PAV assist (PAVmax) was 78 +/- 7% of E and 76 +/- 7% of R. Level of assist was decreased in steps to the lowest tolerable level (PSVmin, PAVmin). Minute ventilation, VT, ventilator rate (RRvent), and arterial gas tensions were measured at each level. We also determined the patient's respiratory rate (RRpat) by adding the number of ineffective efforts (DeltaRR) to RRvent. There was no difference between PSVmin and PAVmin in any of the variables. At PSVmax, VT was significantly higher (0.90 +/- 0.30 versus 0.51 +/- 0.16 L) and RRvent was significantly lower (13.2 +/- 3.9 versus 27.6 +/- 10.5 min-1) than at PAVmax. The difference in RRvent was largely related to a progressive increase in ineffective efforts on PSV as level increased (DeltaRR 12.1 +/- 10.1 vs 1.4 +/- 2.1 with PAVmax); there was no significant difference in RRpat. The differences in breathing pattern had no consequence on arterial blood gas tensions. We conclude that substantial differences in breathing pattern may occur between PSV and PAV and that these are largely artifactual and related to different patient-ventilator interactions.
Processing JPEG-compressed images and documents (1998)

As the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) has become an international standard for image compression, we present techniques that allow the processing of an image in the "JPEG-compressed" domain. The goal is to reduce memory requirements while increasing speed by avoiding decompression and space domain operations. In each case, an effort is made to implement the minimum number of JPEG basic operations. Techniques are presented for scaling, previewing, rotating, mirroring, cropping, recompressing, and segmenting JPEG-compressed data. While most of the results apply to any image, we focus on scanned documents as our primary image source.
Precision PGC demodulation for homodyne interferometer modulated with a combined sinusoidal and triangular signal (2018)

A precision PGC demodulation for homodyne interferometer modulated with a combined sinusoidal and triangular signal is proposed. Using a triangular signal as additional modulation, a continuous phase-shifted interference signal for ellipse fitting is generated whether the measured object is in static or moving state. The real-time ellipse fitting and correction of the AC amplitudes and DC offsets of the quadrature components in PGC demodulation can be realized. The merit of this modulation is that it can eliminate thoroughly the periodic nonlinearity resulting from the influences of light intensity disturbance, the drift of modulation depth, the carrier phase delay, and non-ideal performance of the low pass filters in the conversional PGC demodulation. The principle and realization of the signal processing with the combined modulation signal are described in detail. The experiments of accuracy and rate evaluations of ellipse fitting, nanometer, and millimeter displacement measurements were performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed demodulation. The experimental results show that the elliptical parameters of the quadrature components can be achieved precisely in real time and nanometer accuracy was realized in displacement measurements.
Development of a Wireless Coiled Tubing Collar Locator (1999)

Abstract Achieving proper depth control with coiled tubing has been a problem since the service was introduced, and several improvements have been attempted with limited success. A newly developed tool overcomes depth-control problems by providing accurate depth locations of downhole devices. This tool allows real-time depth indication with standard coiled tubing, and requires no logging cable.
GeoCDX: An Automated Change Detection & Exploitation System for High Resolution Satelite Imagery (2008)

The demand for high-resolution commercial satellite imagery (HR-CSI) has increased significantly over the last 5 years for a wide variety of applications. This demand has driven an increase in volume, frequency of acquisition, and spatial resolution of HR-CSI. In turn, this has spurred the need for more accurate and time-efficient processing tools for analyzing geospatial information to support user-specific applications. One such application is change detection between multi-temporal HR-CSI data. The significant increase in quantity and quality of multi-temporal HR-CSI data makes traditional manual analysis impractical. Thus, there is a need for a fully automated change detection system that not only identifies areas of change, but also allows users to filter, sort through, and analyze areas of change quickly and efficiently. Here we describe a tool - GeoCDX (Geospatial Change Detection and Exploitation) - to meet this need. GeoCDX is an integrated system that performs image ingestion and registration, feature extraction, and change analysis. The change detection results from GeoCDX are web accessible with additional interfaces to Google Earth™ (GE) and Google Maps™ (GM). In the near future GeoCDX will be integrated with its sister system GeoIRIS (Geospatial Information Retrieval and Indexing System). This integration will produce a very powerful HR-CSI analysis package with the change detection capabilities of GeoCDX and the content-based image retrieval system of GeoIRIS.
Data from Inhibition of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>TNF is a potent promoter of carcinogenesis and potentially important target for cancer prevention. TNF is produced as functionally distinct transmembrane and soluble molecules (tmTNF and sTNF, respectively), but their individual roles in carcinogenesis are unexplored. We investigated the participation of tmTNF and sTNF in chemically induced carcinogenesis in mice. We found that injection of XPro1595, a dominant-negative TNF biologic (DN-TNF) and specific antagonist of sTNF, decreased tumor incidence and growth, and prolonged survival of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)–injected mice. Similar results were obtained following the exclusion of both TNF forms by either TNF-receptor 2–Fc fusion protein (TNFR2-Fc) treatment or <i>TNF</i> gene deletion. In addition, gene deletion of TNFR1, which is preferentially triggered by sTNF, was temporarily blocked, whereas gene deletion of TNFR2, which is preferentially triggered by tmTNF, enhanced MCA-induced carcinogenesis. Concomitantly with carcinogenesis induction, MCA increased circulating IL1α, accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), STAT3 phosphorylation, and immunosuppression in the spleen. In sharp contrast, DN-TNF treatment dramatically decreased IL1α and increased the essential immunoregulatory cytokines IL1β, IL12p70, and IL17 in the peripheral blood of MCA-injected mice. In addition, MDSC accumulation, STAT3 phosphorylation, and immunosuppression in MCA-injected mice were prevented by DN-TNF treatment, TNFR2-Fc treatment, and/or gene deletion of TNF or TNFR1, but not deletion of TNFR2. These findings reveal that sTNF is both an essential promoter of carcinogenesis and a pivotal regulator of MDSCs, and indicate that sTNF could be a significant target for cancer prevention and therapy. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 4(5); 441–51. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Flow cytometer using a fiber optic detection system (2001)

A flow cytometer with a new hybrid flow cell has been developed. The hybrid flow cell was constructed closed-type quarts curvets which produces a parabolic profile of flow velocities. It was involved a fiber-optic detecting unit for a high sensitivity collection and had a jet nozzle and a PZT device for droplet formation aimed to cell sorting. A optical fiber that consists of a glass core and have a core diameter of 200 micrometers with NA of 0.5 have been successfully used for the collection of side scatter and fluorescent signals. Two detecting fibers mounted in a hybrid flow cell with pith of 250 micrometers are designed to individually detect fluorescent signals excited by 2 lasers, which are a compact air-cooled AR laser (488 nm: 20 mW) and a semiconductor laser (640 nm: 15 mW). As a result, a sensitivity of our flow cytometer is 300 MESF determined using fluorescein-labeled beads and 2 scatter and 6 fluorescent signals could successfully be detected. Typical patterns of cell cycle were observed with Daudi human Burkitt Lymphoma cell lines stained with PL. Furthermore, the alignment requirements are more simplified because of a hybrid flow cell stably mounted.
Beam-width-dependent filtering properties of strong volume holographic gratings (2006)

The finite dimension of the incident beam used to read out volume holographic gratings has interesting effects on their filtering properties. As the readout beam gets narrower, there is more deviation from the ideal response predicted for monochromatic plane waves. In this paper we experimentally explore beam-width-dependent phenomena such as wavelength selectivities, angular selectivities, and diffracted beam profiles. Volume gratings in both reflection and transmission geometries are investigated near 1550 nm. Numerical simulations utilizing the technique of Fourier decomposition provide a satisfactory explanation and confirm that the spread of spatial harmonics is the main contributing factor.
Piezoelectric RF MEMS switches and phase shifters (2008)

Piezoelectric thin films were utilized to actuate cantilevers for a radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches. Using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films, an RF MEMS series switch was designed and fabricated. The switch operates from -25°_C to 100°_C with no change in actuation voltage of 9V. The switch isolation is better than -20 dB and the insertion loss (-S21) less than 0.5 dB from DC to 40 GHz. In addition to improvements in switch performance, a 17 GHz, 2-bit reflection phase shifter has been demonstrated using PZT shunt switches operating at 15 V. Each of the 4 phase states are demonstrated with minimal phase error and an average insertion loss of 6.8 dB with a high of 8 dB for the longest phase state (limited by substrate losses highlighted in our previous work). Correcting the substrate loss reduces the insertion loss of the long phase state to less than 2 dB.
651. Integration of Dual Signal Inputs Strategies in Novel Chimeric Antigen Receptors to Control the CAR T-Cell Functions (2016)

Adoptive immunotherapy using engineered T-cells has emerged as a powerful approach to treat cancer. The potential of this approach relies on the ability to redirect the specificity of T cells through genetic engineering. Novel specificities in T cells have been typically implemented through the genetic transfer of the so-called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). CARs are synthetic receptors composed of an extracellular targeting moiety and one or more intracytoplasmic signaling domain derived from lymphocyte activation receptors. Present CAR architectures are designed to combine all relevant domains within a single polypeptide, thereby; they combine advantages of MHC unrestricted target recognition to the potent native effector mechanisms of the T cell. Although adoptive transfer of CAR T cells is proven to be an effective cancer therapy, potential adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and/or the risk of on-target off-tumor targeting are still a major concern. Synthetic biology applies many of the principles of engineering to the field of biology in order to create biological devices which can ultimately be integrated into increasingly complex systems. Our ability to engineer synthetic systems in primary T-cells that function as Boolean logic gates responding to multiple inputs would benefit adoptive immunotherapy using engineered T-cells. Exogenous or endogenous environmental signal integration by a modular AND gate may represent an important advancement in improving our control of the safety of the CAR T-cell technology. Here, we describe the development of novel CAR designs that integrate new components directly within the CAR architecture to improve our capacity to spatiotemporally control and switch the CAR T-cells functions between on and off states. In particular, we showed that such a system can be engineered to control the CAR through addition of an exogenous small molecule (Rapamycin or synthetic rapalogs) ultimately inducing the cytolytic properties of the engineered T-cell. Alternatively, properties of the tumor microenvironment can also be used as additional endogenous input to the target antigen recognition. We showed that low oxygen levels can be used to trigger the CAR surface presentation, creating a so called “self-decision making” CAR T-cell.
Cryptic stereospecificity of methane monooxygenase (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCryptic stereospecificity of methane monooxygenaseN. D. Priestley, H. G. Floss, W. A. Froland, J. D. Lipscomb, P. G. Williams, and H. MorimotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 19, 7561–7562Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00045a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00045a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts