gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIQuA: server-aware image quality adaptation for optimizing server latency and capacity in wireless image data services (2005)

This paper investigates the problem of providing guaranteed server-side latency while performing dynamic image adaptation. We introduce a server-aware image quality adaptation (SIQuA) technique, used to optimize the runtime image adaptation process so as to provide guaranteed server-side latency with a maximized quality of image service level. SIQuA utilizes dynamic server conditions (server traffic loads and server resource availability), and optimizes both the quality of image serviced and the server-side latency required for runtime image adaptation, simultaneously, through judicious tuning of image compression parameters. We demonstrate that SIQuA can significantly reduce the server-side latency with a minimal impact on the image quality, thereby enabling efficient wireless image services with greatly reduced overall service costs.
Developmental Trends for Future Consumer VCRs (1984)

Consumer VCRs are currently being manufactured at a rate equal to 40% of that of color TV receivers. CATV, DBS, and other broadcast and interactive services for video display will require additional refinements in the areas of cost, audio and video performance, operational versatility, and user friendliness. R&D activities at major VCR manufacturers are being targeted to realize these goals. Certain details of products being developed, including a high dynamic range audio system, 270° lap head-scanning techniques, an 8mm VCR with color-under recording, and an 8mm VCR with time-compression multiplexing recording are discussed.
Public Housing, Redevelopment, and the Governance of Poverty (2018)

This chapter provides a brief overview American public housing history, linked to the broader planning history of slum clearance and urban renewal. It steps back to consider the longer history of efforts to define the problem of poverty and its governance. It then traces the evolution of deeply subsidized housing programs, revealing decades of expansion, followed by a more recent contraction. It next introduces HOPE VI, the main federal program of public housing redevelopment, explaining its policy evolution, efforts to combat concentrated poverty, and links to gentrification. It provides a method for categorizing the significant variety of efforts to implement HOPE VI projects, showing that mixed-income housing can be pursued in many different ways, in accordance with divergent aims. By identifying the larger national pattern of HOPE VI deployment in an unprecedented way, it situates the book’s four detailed case examinations in a more holistic context.
Analysis and practical relevance of CM/DM EMI noise separator characteristics (2014)

This Paper details two different contributions related to practical CM/DM EMI measurements. A first part investigates sources and implications of measurement errors that result for CM/DM separators in a practical measurement environment with a particular focus on the recently presented input impedance criterion for CM/DM separators. Furthermore, the realization of an active CM/DM separator, which features competitive separation capabilities (DMTR/CMRR > 51 dB and CMTR/DMRR > 47 dB for frequencies up to 10MHz), is presented.
Defects and optical absorption bands induced by surplus oxygen in high-purity synthetic silica (1989)

The nature of excess oxygen in as-manufactured and γ-irradiated high-purity synthetic silicas is investigated. Electron-spin-resonance measurements suggest that peroxy radicals ( 3/4 SiOO⋅) could be produced either by the cleavage of peroxy linkages ( 3/4 SiOOSi 3/4 ) or by the reaction of E’centers ( 3/4 Si⋅) with oxygen molecules. The excess oxygen is found to exist in the glass in two forms: as peroxy linkages and as interstitial molecular oxygen. The peroxy linkage is shown to be the cause of optical absorption at 3.8 eV. Heat treatment at 900–1000 °C results in the growth of the 3.8-eV band, that is, the peroxy linkages, through the reaction of oxygen vacancies and interstitial dioxygen molecules. These results indicate that the 5.0- and 3.8-eV bands (which are characteristic of ‘‘oxygen-deficient’’ and ‘‘oxygen-surplus’’ silica, respectively) can coexist in a glass, depending on the synthesis conditions.
SOX11 and TP53 add prognostic information to MIPI in a homogenously treated cohort of mantle cell lymphoma – a Nordic Lymphoma Group study (2014)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma, where survival has been remarkably improved by use of protocols including high dose cytarabine, rituximab and autologous stem cell transplantation, such as the Nordic MCL2/3 protocols. In 2008, a MCL international prognostic index (MIPI) was created to enable stratification of the clinical diverse MCL patients into three risk groups. So far, use of the MIPI in clinical routine has been limited, as it has been shown that it inadequately separates low and intermediate risk group patients. To improve outcome and minimize treatment-related morbidity, additional parameters need to be evaluated to enable risk-adapted treatment selection. We have investigated the individual prognostic role of the MIPI and molecular markers including SOX11, TP53 (p53), MKI67 (Ki-67) and CCND1 (cyclin D1). Furthermore, we explored the possibility of creating an improved prognostic tool by combining the MIPI with information on molecular markers. SOX11 was shown to significantly add prognostic information to the MIPI, but in multivariate analysis TP53 was the only significant independent molecular marker. Based on these findings, we propose that TP53 and SOX11 should routinely be assessed and that a combined TP53/MIPI score may be used to guide treatment decisions.
The Safety and Absorption of Magnesium Biotinate in Rats (P06-029-19) (2019)

Biotin is a B vitamin that is critical for the metabolization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Deficiency in this vitamin can lead to a variety of adverse conditions. For these reasons, it is important to obtain adequate biotin levels from food sources or dietary supplements. Magnesium Biotinate (MgB) is a novel biotin salt that has been shown to be 40 times more soluble than D-Biotin. The following preclinical study was carried out to further explore the absorption and bioavailability of MgB compared to D-Biotin. Forty two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups (n = 7 per group): 1) 0.01 mg D-Biotin/kg body weight (BW), 2) 1.0 mg D-Biotin/kg BW, 3) 100 mg D-Biotin/kg BW, 4) 0.01 mg MgB/kg BW, 5) 1.0 mg MgB/kg BW, 6) 100 mg MgB/kg BW. Rat diets included egg whites to standardize absorbable biotin levels. The duration of the study was 35 days. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected and rats were sacrificed to obtain tissue samples. Results showed that biotin serum levels were 47% higher when rats were given 100 mg of MgB compared to 100 mg of D-Biotin (p < 0.05). Brain biotin levels were 57% and 20% higher when rats were given 1 mg and 100 mg of MgB, respectively, compared to corresponding doses of D-Biotin (p < 0.05) (Figure 1). Liver biotin levels were 27% and 17% higher when rats were given 1 mg and 100 mg of MgB, respectively, compared to corresponding doses of D-Biotin (p < 0.05). Final body weight and feed intake did not differ between groups. Safety blood panel measurements (AST, ALT, creatine, urea, cholesterol, and triglycerides) did not differ between groups. No adverse effects were observed. Results from this study demonstrate that MgB is a safe, bioavailable form of biotin that has superior absorption to D-Biotin, with superior uptake in tissues at moderate and high doses. This study was funded by JDS Therapeutics, LLC.
Plasma expansion in surgical patients with high central venous pressure (CVP); the relationship of blood volume to hematocrit, CVP, pulmonary wedge pressure, and cardiorespiratory changes. (1975)

There was no correlation of blood volume measurements with central venous pressure (CVP) or hematocrit determinations and only minimal suggestive trends with wedge pressure in a large series of postoperative patients; the lack of correlations emphasize the unreliability of venous pressure and hematocrit determinations to predict blood volume alterations. To evaluate the physiological problems, to define optimal therapeutic goals, and to measure therapeutic effectiveness of volume loading with an oncotically active agent, we measured the hemodynamic and oxygen transport responses to 500 ml. of 5 percent albumin given over 1 hour in 22 patients with CVP greater than 15 cm. H2O. The patients were separated into two groups according to the CVP response to volume therapy. The CVP decreased in 14 (64 percent) of these patients (Group 1), but it increased slightly but not significantly in eight (36 percent) patients (Group 2). In Group 1 patients, there was increased flow, improvement of tissue perfusion as reflected by increased oxygen consumption, and augmentation of the ventricular function. In Group 2 there were slight increases in mean flow, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and mean transit time and slightly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance; there was appreciable improvement in left ventricular function without significant deterioration of right ventricular function. The high initial central venous pressure is not a reliable index of either hypervolemia or cardiac failure in critically ill patients. It is concluded that a trial of volume loading with an oncotically active agent with frequent auscultation of the chest and careful observation of the CVP trends will give the maximum diagnostic as well as therapeutic information.
New quantum functional devices. Present status and future prospects of RHET technology (2002)

Recent quantum effect nanometer-scale devices can be divided into three categories. 1) Quantum wave devices, which use the electron-wave transport and control the phase of the electron wave. 2) Quantum functional devices, which use quantum effects, such as size and tunneling effects in ultrafine structures. 3) Atomic or molecular devices, which use the motion of the atom or molecule. Single electron devices could be included in the quantum functional device category. This paper reviews our research activities on quantum functional devices and discusses our future research direction. Using multi-emitter RHETs, logic and memory circuits could be constructed with fewer transistors and resistors. Our research on this quantum functional device will be going in two different direction. One is to scale it down further to make quantum-dot-tunneling transistors, QHETs. New process technology is described to make these quantum dot tunneling structures using a GaAs (111)B substrate, and 10 nm wiring embedded in device structures. The other direction is to develop more practical quantum functional devices. One example is the development of a multi-emitter bipolar transistor which has highly doped emitter and base regions to allow interband tunneling. This device operates at room temperature and could be potentially used in bipolar circuits. Also this device has a potential to be used as a new functional phototransistor.
The turn model for adaptive routing (1994)

This paper presents a model for designing wormhole routing algorithms, A unique feature of the model is th~t lt is not based cm adding physical or virtual channels to direct networks (although it can be applied to networks with extra channels). Instead, the model is based [In analyzlng the directions in which packets can turn m a network and the cycles that the turns can form. Prohibiting just enough turns to brezk all of the cycles produces routing algorithms that are deadlock free, livelock free, mmimal or nonminimal, and highly adaptive. This paper focuses on the two most common network topologies for wormhole routing, ~z-dimensional meshes and k-ary /z-cubes without extra channels. In such networks, just a quarter of the turns must be prohibited to prevent deadlock. The remaining three quarters of the turns allow routing to be fidaptwe, Adaptive routing algorithms are described for two-dimensional meshes, n-dimensional meshes k-my ~t-cubes, and hypercubes. Simulations of adaptive and nonadaptive routing algorithms show which algorlthm has the lowest latcncies and highest sustainable throughput depends on the pattern of message traffic. For nonuniform traffic, adaptive routing algorithms generally perform better than nonadaptive ones.
Circadian misalignment and health (2014)

Circadian rhythms are near 24-h patterns of physiology and behaviour that are present independent of external cues including hormones, body temperature, mood, and sleep propensity. The term 'circadian misalignment' describes a variety of circumstances, such as inappropriately timed sleep and wake, misalignment of sleep/wake with feeding rhythms, or misaligned central and peripheral rhythms. The predominance of early research focused on misalignment of sleep to the biological night. However, discovery of clock genes and the presence of peripheral circadian oscillators have expanded the definitions of misalignment. Experimental studies conducted in animal models and humans have provided evidence of potential mechanisms that link misalignment to negative outcomes. These include dysregulation of feeding behaviours, changes in appetite stimulating hormones, glucose metabolism and mood. This review has two foci: (1) to describe how circadian misalignment has been defined and evaluated in laboratory and field experiments, and (2) to describe evidence linking different types of circadian misalignment to increased risk for physical (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer) and psychiatric (depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, attention deficit) disorders. This review will describe the role of circadian misalignment as a risk factor for disease in the general population and in clinical populations, including circadian rhythm sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders.
IEEE 802.11 DCF based MAC protocols for multiple beam antennas and their limitations (2005)

Multiple beam antennas can receive (or transmit) data on multiple beams simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to show the limitations of using IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) based schemes for medium access control (MAC) in such antennas. We provide four different variants of IEEE 802.11 DCF based on-demand protocols to study this phenomenon. Our simulation results and analyses emphasize the need to develop a novel MAC protocol to fully exploit the capabilities of multiple beam antennas. We further provide some embryonic guidelines for the development of such a protocol
Hydrogel-Coated Gold Nanoparticles (2004)

Materials. The N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer was purchased from Acros (99%) and recrystallized in hexane. Acrylic acid (AAc, Acros, 99.5%) monomer, N,N`-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS, Acros, 96%), potassium hydroxide (EM Sciences, 85%), nitric acid (EM Sciences, 70%), ammonium persulfate (APS, EM Sciences, 98%), trisodium citrate (EM Sciences, 99%), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (Strem, Au 99.9%) and oleic acid (OA, J. T. Baker) were all used as received from the indicated suppliers. Water used in all reactions was purified to a resistance of 18 MΩ using an Academy Milli-Q Water System (Millipore Corporation) and filtered through a 0.22 µm filter. Preparation of Gold Nanoparticle Cores and HydrogelCoated Gold Nanoparticles. Colloidal gold nanoparticles were prepared by citrate reduction, where the amount of citrate can be used to dictate the nanoparticle diameter as described elsewhere. 9 In this work, the diameters of the gold nanoparticles were ~60 nm as judged by dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron
Sirtuin 1 Retards Hyperphosphatemia-Induced Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2011)

SIRT1 plays an essential role in preventing hyperphosphatemia-induced arterial calcification via inhibition of osteoblastic transdifferentiation. In addition, Pi-induced SMC calcification may be associated with both premature and replicative cellular senescence.
A Type of Auxiliary for Native Chemical Peptide Ligation beyond Cysteine and Glycine Junctions (2015)

Native chemical ligation enables the chemical synthesis of proteins. Previously, thiol-containing auxiliary groups have been used to extend the reaction scope beyond N-terminal cysteine residues. However, the N-benzyl-type auxiliaries used so far result in rather low reaction rates. Herein, a new N(α) -auxiliary is presented. Consideration of a radical fragmentation for cleavage led to the design of a new auxiliary group which is selectively removed under mildly basic conditions (pH 8.5) in the presence of TCEP and morpholine. Most importantly and in contrast to previously described auxiliaries, the 2-mercapto-2-phenethyl auxiliary is not limited to Gly-containing sites and ligations succeed at sterically demanding junctions. The auxiliary is introduced in high yield by on-resin reductive amination with commercially available amino acid building blocks. The synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated by the synthesis of two antimicrobial proteins, DCD-1L and opistoporin-2.
DeepType: Multilingual Entity Linking by Neural Type System Evolution (2018)

The wealth of structured (e.g. Wikidata) and unstructured data about the world available today presents an incredible opportunity for tomorrow's Artificial Intelligence. So far, integration of these two different modalities is a difficult process, involving many decisions concerning how best to represent the information so that it will be captured or useful, and hand-labeling large amounts of data. DeepType overcomes this challenge by explicitly integrating symbolic information into the reasoning process of a neural network with a type system. First we construct a type system, and second, we use it to constrain the outputs of a neural network to respect the symbolic structure. We achieve this by reformulating the design problem into a mixed integer problem: create a type system and subsequently train a neural network with it. In this reformulation discrete variables select which parent-child relations from an ontology are types within the type system, while continuous variables control a classifier fit to the type system. The original problem cannot be solved exactly, so we propose a 2-step algorithm: 1) heuristic search or stochastic optimization over discrete variables that define a type system informed by an Oracle and a Learnability heuristic, 2) gradient descent to fit classifier parameters. We apply DeepType to the problem of Entity Linking on three standard datasets (i.e. WikiDisamb30, CoNLL (YAGO), TAC KBP 2010) and find that it outperforms all existing solutions by a wide margin, including approaches that rely on a human-designed type system or recent deep learning-based entity embeddings, while explicitly using symbolic information lets it integrate new entities without retraining.
Whole C-band, repetition rate tunable optical pulse generation using a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating and an optical comb generator (2005)

Short optical pulses with a center wavelength of 1527-1563 nm and with a repetition rate of 9.75-10.25 GHz are successfully generated with a 10-GHz resolution arrayed-waveguide grating with integrated phase and amplitude modulators.
Tsuji–Trost Allylic Alkylation with Ketone Enolates (2006)

The traditional restriction of the palladium-catalyzed allylation to stabilized carbanions has been overcome. Recent studies reveal that preformed “hard” enolates can serve as nucleophiles, and routes to novel stereoselective variants of the Tsuji–Trost method have thus been opened.
Yavaş gelişen sentetik etlik piliç genotipleri ile ticari etlik piliçlerin büyüme, karkas özellikleri ve bazı ekonomik parametreler bakımından karşılaştırılması (2016)

Bu çalışmada yavaş gelişen 2 etlik piliç genotipinin SG1, SG2 49 günlük ve hızlı gelişen bir ticari etlik piliç genotipinin 42 FG1 ve 49 günlük FG2 besi süresi sonunda besi performansları, karkas özellikleri ve bazı ekonomik parametreleri karşılaştırılmıştır. İki dönem yürütülen denemede; her dönemde her genotipten 260, toplam 1560 260 x 3 x 2 civciv kullanılmıştır. Civcivler her genotipte 10 tekerrür olacak şekilde yer bölmelerinde büyütülmüştür. Besi süresince gruplarda SG1, SG2, FG1, FG2 canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve ölüm oranı, besi süresi sonunda ise kesim ve karkas özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Üretim masrafları ve piliç eti satış değerlerine ait verilerden yararlanılarak gruplarda maliyet, karlılık ve teknik etkinlik skorları hesaplanmıştır. Grupların teknik etkinlik skorları stokastik sınır modeli SSM ile tahmin edilmiştir. SG1 ve SG2 genotipleri kesim canlı ağırlığına 2.0-2.5 kg 49 günde ulaşmış; yem tüketimleri ise FG1’in yem tüketim düzeyine yakın olmuştur. Göğüs oranı FG1 ve FG2’de, but oranı ise SG1 ve SG2’de yüksek bulunmuştur. En yüksek nispi karlılık FG1 grubunda olmuş, bunu FG2, SG2 ve SG1 izlemiştir. SG1, SG2, FG1 ve FG2’nin teknik etkinlik skorları 0.9632, 0.9639, 0.9664 ve 0.9699 bulunmuştur P
Intracellular zidovudine (ZDV) and ZDV phosphates as measured by a validated combined high-pressure liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay procedure (1992)

In vitro studies of zidovudine (ZDV) phosphorylation may not accurately reflect the in vivo dose-response relationship, which is crucial to determining the relationship between ZDV exposure, efficacy, and toxicity. However, measurement of ZDV phosphorylated anabolites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ZDV-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients would be extremely useful in the more appropriate utilization of ZDV in the treatment of HIV infection. We developed a specific and sensitive combined high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for the determination of ZDV, ZDV-monophosphate, ZDV-diphosphate, and ZDV-triphosphate in PBMCs taken from ZDV-treated HIV-infected patients. ZDV and its anabolites were extracted from washed, Ficoll-Paque-isolated PBMCs and then separated by HPLC using a strong anion-exchange column. The anabolites were then hydrolyzed to ZDV with acid phosphatase. ZDV was then measured by using a modified commercially available RIA protocol. Our method was validated by measuring [3H]ZDV anabolites generated in Molt-4 cells radioisotopically and simultaneously by the combined HPLC-RIA procedure. The ZDV determinations correlated well (r2 = 0.97) over the range of 0.037 to 5.2 pmol (10 to 1,400 pg) per assay tube. Furthermore, we defined the stability of ZDV anabolites during ficoll isolation and the recovery after extraction and cleanup. We then measured intracellular parent ZDV and its phosphorylated anabolites in PBMCs from six ZDV-treated HIV-infected patients (PBMCs were taken 2 h after a 300-mg oral dose). The mean concentrations ( +/- standard deviations) of parent and of mono-, di-, and triphosphates were 0.15 +/- 0.08, 1.4 +/-, 0.082 +/- 0.02, and 0.081 +/- 0.03 pmol/10(6) PBMC, respectively (one pmol/10(6) PBMC represents a concentration of approximately 1 microm). Concurrent serum ZDV concentrations were between 1.3 and 7.1 microm. This method should provide a useful tool for evaluating in vivo pharmacokinetics of ZDV anabolites in PBMCs and possibly other cell types, even at the low doses of ZDV currently administered therapeutically.