gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of a 50-kDa cysteine proteinase (gingipain) from Porphyromonas gingivalis. (1992)

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobic rod, has been closely associated with the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. This organism has been shown to produce a large number of proteolytic enzymes which can degrade a variety of tissue proteins, and these are considered to be major virulence factors. One of the proteinases produced by this organism, referred to as gingipain-1, has been purified to homogeneity from P. gingivalis culture medium by a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was found to have a molecular mass near 50 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a pH optimum in the neutral to alkaline range, and a requirement for cysteine for activation and Ca2+ for stabilization. Amino-terminal sequence analysis indicated that gingipain belongs to a new, so far unknown, subfamily of cysteine proteinases. Three unusual features of this proteinase are: (a) the stimulation of amidolytic activity by glycine-containing dipeptides; (b) a narrow specificity which is limited to peptide bonds containing arginine residues; and (c) resistance to inhibition by proteinase inhibitors in human plasma.
A Bayesian Technique for Estimating the Credibility of Question Answerers (2008)

We address the problem of ranking question answerers according to their credibility, characterized here by the probability that a given question answerer (user) will be awarded a best answer on a question given the answerer's question-answering history. This probability (represented by θ) is considered to be a hidden variable that can only be estimated statistically from specific observations associated with the user, namely the number b of best answers awarded, associated with the number n of questions answered. The more specific problem addressed is the potentially high degree of uncertainty associated with such credibility estimates when they are based on small numbers of answers. We address this problem by a kind of Bayesian smoothing. The credibility estimate will consist of a mixture of the overall population statistics and those of the specific user. The greater the number of questions asked, the greater will be the contribution of the specific user statistics relative to those of the overall population. We use the Predictive Stochastic Complexity (PSC) as an accuracy measure to evaluate several methods that can be used for the estimation. We compare our technique (Bayesian Smoothing (BS)) with maximum a priori (MAP) estimation, maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and Laplace smoothing.
Asynchronous stochastic optimization for sequence training of deep neural networks: towards big data (2014)

Previous work presented a proof of concept for sequence training of deep neural networks (DNNs) using asynchronous stochastic optimization, mainly focusing on a small-scale task. The approach offers the potential to leverage both the efficiency of stochastic gradient descent and the scalability of parallel computation. This study presents results for four different voice search tasks to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework across different conditions: amount of data (from 60 hours to 20,000 hours), type of speech (read speech vs. spontaneous speech), quality of data (supervised vs. unsupervised data), and language. Significant gains over baselines (DNNs trained at the frame level) are found to hold across these conditions. The experimental results are analyzed, and additional practical details for the approach are provided. Furthermore, different sequence training criteria are compared.
Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Developments from batch to continuous process (2014)

This review describes the recent results in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass in continuous-flow processing systems. Although much has been published about batch reactor tests of biomass HTL, there is only limited information yet available on continuous-flow tests, which can provide a more reasonable basis for process design and scale-up for commercialization. High-moisture biomass feedstocks are the most likely to be used in HTL. These materials are described and results of their processing are discussed. Engineered systems for HTL are described; however, they are of limited size and do not yet approach a demonstration scale of operation. With the results available, process models have been developed, and mass and energy balances determined. From these models, process costs have been calculated and provide some optimism as to the commercial likelihood of the technology.
Normal Gonadal Functions and Fertility After 23 Months of Treatment of Prepubertal Male and Female Dogs with the GnRh Agonist [D‐Trp<sup>6</sup>, des‐Gly‐NH<sub>2</sub><sup>10</sup>]GnRH Ethylamide (1989)

The GnRH agonist [D-Trp6, des-Gly-NH2(10)]GnRH ethylamide was administered to prepubertal male and female dogs daily for 23 months by subcutaneous injection. During GnRH agonist treatment, plasma steroid levels, namely dehydroepiandrosterone, androst-5-ene-3 beta-17 beta-diol, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane, 3 beta, 17 beta-diol were markedly inhibited in male animals, whereas in female animals, the plasma concentration of DHEA and delta 5-diol were decreased. Within 2 months following cessation of therapy, all steroids increased to normal adult levels. Morphological studies reveal that treatment of male animals with the GnRH agonist is accompanied by a small volume of seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells, and prostate gland, whereas in the ovaries of female animals, there is a large number of primordial follicles, a few primary follicles, but no secondary follicles. In the pituitary gland of animals of both sexes, LH-secreting cells have high levels of glycogen particles in their cytoplasm and tend to be either of normal appearance with dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or strongly atrophied with a dark-stained cytoplasm, a contraction of RER, and a decrease in the number of secretory granules. Reticular cells of the connective tissue also show high levels of glycogen particles. After the 14 month recovery period, spermatogenesis has a normal adult appearance, the prostate gland shows a normal secretory epithelium, and secondary follicles are easily observed in the ovary. Gonadotrophs are free of glycogen accumulation, but reticular cells continue to show an accumulation of glycogen particles in their cytoplasm. Two male and two female animals were mated after the recovery period and produced normal offspring with normal fertility. The present results indicate that GnRH agonist treatment achieves a blockade of sexual maturation and that following cessation of treatment, normal pituitary-gonadal functions resume, with apparently normal fertility and normal offspring.
Stable single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a photoresistive aperture (1999)

It is numerically demonstrated that on-axis current channeling through the use of a photoactive layer or layers in vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser cavities counteracts hole burning and allows single-mode operation at high currents. The photoactive layers act as a variable-resistivity screen whose radial aperture is controlled by the light itself. Absorption of a small fraction of the light intensity suffices for significant on-axis current peaking with minimum efficiency loss and optical mode distortion.
A Framework for Predictor Antennas in Practice (2022)

Channel predictions are important to achieve high spectral efficiency for high-mobility vehicles. Channel extrapolation, used by many prediction methods, suffers from a limited prediction horizon in difficult radio environments. The predictor antenna (PA) concept provides the prediction horizons required for efficient transmission to fast-moving vehicles by measuring the channel ahead of time with an extra antenna placed on the vehicle. This paper presents a general framework that addresses the practical signal processing challenges of the PA concept. It is adaptable to a vast variety of vehicular deployment, mobility, and communication scenarios. A new theoretical prediction normalized mean-squared error (NMSE) expression is derived based on the presented framework. The framework is demonstrated by applying it to extensive channel measurements and comparing the PA predictions to Kalman-based channel predictions and outdated channel estimates. By studying the impact of vehicular velocity and radio environment on the prediction performance, it is shown that PA prediction is weaker at low velocities, where Kalman prediction methods are sufficient, but is uncontested at high velocities in environments without a dominating path. At high velocities in dominating path environments, the Kalman predictor provides usable predictions, but it is still outperformed by the PA predictions.
Distributed Spatial Audio Coding in Wireless Hearing Aids (2007)

The information content of binaural signals can be beneficial to many algorithms deployed in current digital hearing aids. However, the exchange of such signals over a wireless communication link requires transmission schemes that must fulfill demanding technical constraints. We present a distributed coding algorithm that builds on psychoacoustic principles in order to achieve this goal with low bitrates, while preserving affordable complexity. The key steps of the proposed algorithm are detailed and the accuracy of the signal exchange mechanism is evaluated in simple simulated acoustic scenarios.
Algorithm for an implantable fluorescence based glucose sensor (2012)

This article describes the algorithm for a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). The CGM system consists of an external reader and an insertable fluorescence based sensor. The sensor consists of a miniaturized optical sensor that incorporates a biocompatible macromolecular indicator that selectively binds glucose. It is designed to be subcutaneously inserted and allows for the direct measurement of interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose.
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of a series of dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole-2,5(3H,6H)-diones, a novel class of potent cognition enhancers (1993)

A series of dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole-2,5(3H,6H)-diones were synthesized. These bicylic derivatives contain both the 2-pyrrolidinone and 4-imidazolidinone nuclei, already recognized as important for cognition enhancing activity. In addition, these structures maintain the backbone of piracetam and oxiracetam with the acetamide side chain restricted in a folded conformation. Their ability to reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia was assessed in a one trial, step-through, passive avoidance paradigm. The main features observed are a potent antiamnestic activity after ip administration (minimal effective dose being between 0.3 and 1 mg/kg ip for most compounds), the presence of a bell-shaped dose-response curve and, generally, a reduction of biological activity after po administration. However, the unsubstituted compound (15, dimiracetam) shows no evidence of a bell-shaped dose-response curve and completely retains activity when given orally, being 10-30 times more potent than the reference drug oxiracetam.
Frequency of Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase ( <i>HPRT</i> <sup>−</sup> ) T Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Cardiac Transplant Recipients (1995)

Increasing frequencies of HPRT- mutant cells in peripheral blood correlated with the onset of first rejection, and persistently elevated HPRT- mutant cells in the weeks after a treated rejection episode correlated with recurrent rejection. This quantitative noninvasive assay may thus serve as a useful adjunct to endomyocardial biopsy for monitoring post-cardiac transplantation patients, and its use as a prospective diagnostic tool merits further study.
Analysis and design of a novel noncontacting waveguide backshort (1995)

A new noncontacting waveguide backshort has recently been developed for millimeter- and submillimeter-wave frequencies. The design consists of a metal bar with rectangular holes cut into it, which is covered with a dielectric layer to form a snug fit with the broadwalls of a waveguide. It is mechanically rugged and can be readily fabricated for frequencies from 1-1000 GHz. This paper presents a technique for the theoretical characterization of the backshort, using an approach that combines the mode-matching method and a set of coupled space-domain integral equations. The convergence characteristics of the analysis are included, along with a set of general design guidelines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new algorithm for optimum bit loading with a general cost (2006)

In this paper we present an efficient bitloading algorithm that applies to both subband coding and multicarrier communication. The goal is to effect an optimal distribution of positive integer bit values among various subchannels to achieve a minimum distortion error variance for subband coding and transmitted power for multicarrier communications. Existing algorithms in the literature grow with the total number of bits that must be distributed. The novelty of our algorithm lies in the fact that its complexity is independent of the total number of bits to be allocated
Myotonic dystrophy: the correlation of (CTG) repeat length in leucocytes with age at onset is significant only for patients with small expansions. (1999)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) was the first of a group of diseases to be identified for which the genetic basis is the expansion of a triplet repeat. Myotonic dystrophy also exhibits anticipation, in which the disease worsens through successive generations. These two features have led many groups to analyse whether a significant negative correlation between triplet repeat length and severity of disease exists. However, the recent molecular finding that two distinct subsets of classically affected DM patients exist, those who export expansion derived DMPK RNA and those who do not, led us to question whether combining data from these two sets of patients is statistically valid. We found that although patients with small expansions showed a significant correlation between age at onset and triplet repeat length, those with larger expansions did not. The theoretical triplet repeat size, which separated the two groups, was also deduced.
Quantitative optical imaging of early cervical cancer: mechanisms, methods, and clinical study (2009)

The primary goals of this study are to improve the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis of early cervical cancer. In this study, a novel 3-D optical imaging system based on active stereo vision and motion tracking is developed to track the motion of patient and to register the time-sequenced images of cervix recorded during the examination of colposcopy. This technology can quantify the acetic acid induced optical signals associated with early cancer development at cervix. The results of a preliminary clinical study of 65 patients demonstrate that the accuracy to differentiate pre-cancerous cervical tissue from normal tissue can be significantly increased.
Long-Range Guided Wave Inspection of Structures Using the Magnetostrictive Sensor (2001)

Long-range guided wave inspection is a new emerging technology for rapidly and globally inspecting a large area of a structure from a single test location. This paper describes a general overview of the guided wave properties and its application for long-range inspection of structures the principle and instrument system for a guided wave inspection technology called magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) that generates and detects guided waves electromagnetically in the material under testing, and examples of long-range guided wave inspection of structures that can be accomplished using the MsS.
Pavement Deformation Impact on Energy Loss and Vehicle Rolling Resistance (2016)

Concern in fuel conservation and carbon foot print reduction has generated a special interest in the mechanics of vehicle pneumatic tires rolling resistance. It is well known that rolling resistance between vehicle tires and pavement surface is one of the major loss mechanisms of the vehicle’s generated power. The primary aim of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of the pavement’s structural characteristics to rolling resistance. Several studies have focused on determining the vehicle rolling resistance primarily based on vehicle interaction with the pavement surface without quantifying the effect of pavement deflections on this parameter. This study focuses on isolating the pavement deflection component to quantify its influence on the rolling resistance. In order to achieve this goal, several thousand Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test points were evaluated. A total of nineteen projects across the US were selected for this evaluation. Those projects included pavements located in different climatic regions, and having different pavement types, layer thicknesses, functional classifications, and traffic levels. The results indicate that the energy loss during an FWD test can be determined reasonably well from the deflection under the load for the wide range of evaluated pavement structures. In addition, the deflection component of rolling resistance can be estimated from the energy loss. Quantifying the impact of pavement stiffness and traffic-induced pavement deformations on rolling resistance can lead to the design and construction of pavement structures with lower rolling resistance, which in turn will reduce the carbon footprint of the nation’s highways.
Interference Mitigation Using Conjugate Data Repetition (2009)

In the emerging broadband wireless networks such as IEEE 802.16m and LTE-A networks which employ universal frequency reuse-1, the cell coverage is predominantly limited by the co-channel interference. Bit level data repetition, and conventional multi-antenna maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) techniques are typically used to improve the signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio (SINR) at the receiver. Simple data repetition does not guarantee efficient interference suppression and it reduces spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we propose a symbol level data repetition technique called conjugate data repetition (CDR), which transmits the modulation alphabet of the desired signal and its complex-conjugate in distinct sub carriers. The CDR operation is performed across all base stations in a synchronous manner. We show that minimum mean-square error (MMSE) filtering of the complex-valued signal and its conjugated copy, provides a high interference cancellation (IC) gain. For repetition factor greater than 2, we propose a combination of conjugate repetition and random phase rotation of the repeated symbols. Simulation results show that CDR with a repetition factor 2 or 3 can provide a significant advantage in coverage/reliability for cell edge users.
NEUTRAL TRIS OXIME COMPLEXES OF TECHNETIUM(III) (1988)

A new class of neutral Technetium(III) complexes has been discovered; these complexes, which contain three oxime ligands and a halogen, are seven-coordinate intermediates in the synthesis of our boron-capped myocardial and brain imaging agents (BATO complexes). We report here the chemistry and biodistribution of these new compounds. The tris oxime complexes, TcCl(DMG)3 and TcCl(CDO)3 (DMG = dimethylglyoxime, CDO = cyclohexanedionedioxime), can be prepared from TcO4−, using triphenylphosphine (99-Tc) or SnCl2 (99m-Tc) as the reductant. The compounds have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FAB and FD-MS and conductivity. An x-ray crystal structure of TcCl(DMG)3 reveals that the Tc is bonded to three N-bonded DMG ligands and a chlorine atom in a face-capped trigonal prismatic array. Biodistribution studies in rats show that several of the tris oxime complexes exhibit significant myocardial uptake. Washout from the heart was slower than is seen with the boron-capped complex, TeCl (CDO)3MeB (SQ 30,217).
Synthesis and Application of Phosphinoferrocenylaminophosphine Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fix the leak! an information leakage aware secured cyber-physical manufacturing system (2017)

Cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems consists of tight integration of cyber and physical domains. This results in new cross-domain vulnerabilities that poses unique security challenges. One of the challenges is preventing confidentiality breach due to physical-to-cyber domain attacks, where attackers can analyze various analog emissions from the side-channels to steal the cyber-domain information. This information theft is based on the idea that an attacker can accurately estimate the relation between the analog emissions (acoustics, power, electromagnetic emissions, etc.,) and the cyber-domain data (such as G-code). To obstruct this estimation process, it is crucial to quantize the relation between the analog emissions and the cyber-data, and use it as a metric to generate computer aided manufacturing tools, such as slicing and tool-path generation algorithms, that are aware of these information leakage through the side-channels. In this paper, we present a novel methodology that uses mutual information as a metric to quantize the information leakage from the side-channels, and demonstrates how various design variables (such as object orientation, nozzle velocity, etc.,) can be used in an optimization algorithm to minimize the information leakage. Our methodology integrates this leakage aware algorithms to the state-of-the-art slicing and tool-path generation algorithms and achieves 24.76% average drop in the information leakage through acoustic side-channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that demonstrates the idea of generating information leakage aware computer aided manufacturing tools for protecting the confidentiality of the manufacturing system.
Development of Stainless Steel Wire for Springs that Acguires Black Color during the Manufacturing Process (1995)

Spring makers have worried about the distinction of spring products with similar dimension. For the solution of this problem, We have already developed steel wire for spring that develops golden color at the low-temperature annealing process and acquired a reputation. In the mean time, there are great demand for products with various colors especially black color, in the market. So, this paper reports our development of steel wire for springs that acguires black color during low-temperature annealing.The summary is descrived below.:(1) In a low-temperature annealing process, copper that exists as copper plating on stainless steel wire and zinc that exists as zinc-chromium alloy plating on copper plated stainless steel wire diffuse in the deposit to exhibit a brown color tone while chromium is oxidized to exhibit dark gray color tone. The overlap of these color tones exhibits a beautiful black color tone.(2) Mechanical properties are not deteriorated by the above platings.