gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral Deconvolution of Chemical Mixtures by Covariance NMR (2004)

A method is presented for the deconvolution of the NMR spectrum of a chemical mixture without requiring physical separation of its components. The method, which is termed "Demix", is based on a principal component analysis of a series of one-dimensional (1D) spectra that are statistically modulated during preparation and TOCSY mixing periods. The largest principal components correspond to the 1D NMR spectra of the scalar J-coupled spin networks of the individual components of the mixture. The method is demonstrated for aqueous mixtures of the amino acids Glu, Leu, Lys, and Val.
ROCKII Ser1366 phosphorylation reflects the activation status (2012)

ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase), a downstream effector of RhoA, plays an important role in many cellular processes. Accumulating evidence has shown the involvement of ROCK activation in the pathogenesis of many diseases. However, a reagent capable of detecting ROCK activation directly is lacking. In the present study, we show autophosphorylation of ROCKII in an in vitro kinase reaction. The phosphorylation sites were identified by MS, and the major phosphorylation site was found to be at the highly conserved residue Ser1366. A phospho-specific antibody was generated that can specifically recognize ROCKII Ser1366 phosphorylation. We found that the extent of Ser1366 phosphorylation of endogenous ROCKII is correlated with that of myosin light chain phosphorylation in cells in response to RhoA stimulation, showing that Ser1366 phosphorylation reflects its kinase activity. In addition, ROCKII Ser1366 phosphorylation could be detected in human breast tumours by immunohistochemical staining. The present study provides a new approach for revealing the ROCKII activation status by probing ROCKII Ser1366 phosphorylation directly in cells or tissues.
Control of living anionic polymerization of (meth)acrylates: Active complex species, macromolecular engineering and possible scaling‐up (1995)

Abstract Tailored polymerization of acrylic and methacrylic esters, particularly methyl methacrylate (MMA), has been the topic of a frantic research effort during the last decade. It is the purpose of this paper to present one of the main lines of that quest, and to evaluate its potential versus other new approaches.
Predistortion of Mach–Zehnder Modulator Using Symmetric Imbalance (2017)

Impairments of Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) set a sever performance limit on transmitting high-order modulation signals such as M-QAM, optical OFDM or M-PAM in high-speed fiber optics communication links. Various predistortion methods were proposed for compensating MZM effects; however, they do not compensate for all types of impairments and they require significant computation resources for each additional impairment needed to be corrected. In order to overcome these difficulties, a new predistortion approach is proposed. The method is based on adding an imbalance symmetrically to the information applied to the MZM arms. The imbalance predistorts the signal in a way that the overall effect of the symmetric imbalance and MZM impairments is minimized by means of mean square error. A closed form as well as an optimization method that compensates for all MZM impairments with a single and low complexity infrastructure is presented. Analysis includes floating point as well as fixed point, considering digital to analog converter effects. It is shown that the overall method performance is limited only by the number of bits N of the digital-to-analog converter so that the MZM output error vector magnitude is bounded by 10-6N [dB].
Future developments: In vitro growth (<scp>IVG</scp>) of human ovarian follicles (2019)

Removal and storage of ovarian cortical tissue is currently offered to young female cancer patients undergoing potentially sterilizing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. For patients at high risk of reintroduction of malignancy through auto-transplantation, the ultimate aim is to achieve complete oocyte development from this tissue in vitro. The ability to develop human oocytes from the earliest follicular stages through to maturation and fertilization in vitro would revolutionize fertility preservation practice. This has been achieved in mice where in vitro grown oocytes from primordial follicles have resulted in the production of live offspring. Systems that support growth and development of oocytes from human ovarian cortex are being developed by several groups. This review focuses on the steps required to recapitulate in vitro the process of human oocyte development from the primordial stage and the systems currently available to support this.
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis (2014)

AlloHCT was associated with long-term survival in patients with advanced SM. Although alloHCT may be considered as a viable and potentially curative therapeutic option for advanced SM in the meantime, given that this is a retrospective analysis with no control group, the definitive role of alloHCT will need to be determined by a prospective trial.
Paircomp, FamilyRelationsII and Cartwheel: tools for interspecific sequence comparison (2005)

These tools have been shown to effectively identify regulatory regions in echinoderms, mammals, and nematodes.
Evaporative edge lithography of a liposomal drug microarray for cell migration assays (2015)

Lipid multilayer microarrays are a promising approach to miniaturize laboratory procedures by taking advantage of the microscopic compartmentalization capabilities of lipids. Here, we demonstrate a new method to pattern lipid multilayers on surfaces based on solvent evaporation along the edge where a stencil contacts a surface called evaporative edge lithography (EEL). As an example of an application of this process, we use EEL to make microarrays suitable for a cell-based migration assay. Currently existing cell migration assays require a separate compartment for each drug which is dissolved at a single concentration in solution. An advantage of the lipid multilayer microarray assay is that multiple compounds can be tested on the same surface. We demonstrate this by testing the effect of two different lipophilic drugs, Taxol and Brefeldin A, on collective cell migration into an unpopulated area. This particular assay should be scalable to test of 2000 different lipophilic compounds or dosages on a standard microtiter plate area, or if adapted for individual cell migration, it would allow for high-throughput screening of more than 50,000 compounds per plate.
Antagonist properties of monoclonal antibodies to human CD28: role of valency and heavy-chain constant domain (2012)

Background Antagonist antibodies targeting CD28 have been proposed as an alternative to the use of CD80/86 antagonists to modulate T cell responses in autoimmunity and transplantation. Advantages would be the blockade of CD28mediated co-stimulatory signals without impeding co-inhibitory signals depending on CD80 interactions with CTLA-4 and PD-L1 that are important for the control of immune responses and for the function of regulatory T cells. Anti-CD28 antibodies are candidate antagonists only if they prevent access to the CD80/86 ligands without simultaneously stimulating CD28 itself, a process that is believed to depend on receptor multimerization.
Targeting heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticule A1 and A2 proteins by RNA interference promotes cell death in transformed but not in normal mouse cell lines (2004)

The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticule A1 and A2 proteins can bind to vertebrate single-stranded telomeric sequences. Moreover, changes in the levels of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticule A1 can influence telomere length in mouse and human cells. We have shown previously that the combined knockdown of A1 and A2 proteins in human transformed cells promotes apoptosis. In contrast, a similar reduction in A1 and A2 expression in normal mortal human cell lines does not induce cell death. Here, we show that a variety of mouse cell lines display a similar behavior on reduction of A1 and A2 protein levels using small interfering RNA. In addition, the expression of the mouse A1 cDNA protects human HeLa cells from apoptosis when human A1 and A2 proteins are targeted by RNA interference. Lastly, we show that knockdown of A1 and A2 expression also impairs the growth of a human transformed cell line that does not express telomerase. These results firmly establish A1 and A2 as proteins required for the viability of transformed murine and human cells, irrespective of the status of telomerase expression or the length of the double-stranded telomeric repeat.
Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry (1984)

Description Discusses zirconium extraction and reduction to tubes; recent work on basic properties; fracture properties, including stress-corrosion cracking and hydrogen cracking; high-temperature properties; texture-related work with special interest in creep and growth; and waterside corrosion.
Semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotics derived from LY264826 active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (1996)

Certain derivatives of the glycopeptide antibiotic LY264826 with N-alkyl-linked substitutions on the epivancosamine sugar are active against glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. Six compounds representing our most active series were evaluated for activity against antibiotic-resistant, gram-positive pathogens. For Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, the MICs of the six semisynthetic compounds for 90% of the strains tested were 1 to 4 micrograms/ml, compared with 2,048 micrograms/ml for vancomycin and 256 micrograms/ml for LY264826. For E. faecium and E. faecalis resistant to vancomycin but not teicoplanin, the MICs were 0.016 to 1 micrograms/ml, compared with 64 to 1,024 micrograms/ml for vancomycin. The compounds were highly active against vancomycin-susceptible enterococci and against E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus and showed some activity against isolates of highly vancomycin-resistant leuconostocs and pediococci. The MICs for 90% of the strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus tested were typically 0.25 to 1 micrograms/ml, compared with 1 microgram/ml for vancomycin. Against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis MICs ranged from 0.25 to 2 micrograms/ml, compared with 1 to 4 micrograms/ml for vancomycin and 4 to 16 micrograms/ml for teicoplanin. The spectrum of these new compounds included activity against teicoplanin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci. The compounds exhibited exceptional potency against pathogenic streptococci, with MICs of < or = 0.008 microgram/ml against Streptococcus pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant isolates. In in vivo studies with a mouse infection model, the median effective doses against a challenge by S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, or S. pyogenes were typically 4 to 20 times lower than those of vancomycin. Overall, these new glycopeptides, such as LY307599 and LY333328, show promise for use as agents against resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci.
<title>Classification of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy</title> (1999)

In this study, we examine the possibility of differentiating between classes of atherosclerotic lesions based on time- resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and we compare the performance of classification schemes that use either the time-resolved spectra or only the intensity spectra. Transient fluorescence emissions induced by pulsed nitrogen laser excitation was measured on 87 excised samples of human aorta. The samples were classified histologically using the AHA classification Predictor variables derived from the time-resolved spectra included the spectral intensities at 360-510 nm and parameters of a biexponential fit of the fluorescence impulse response function. Stepwise discriminant analysis using these predict variables showed that a few predictor variables sufficed to correctly classify 89 percent of the samples. Excluding the time- dependent decay and using only the spectral intensities, the percentage of correctly classified cases was significantly lower: 51 percent. These results establish that time- resolved fluorescence spectroscopy markedly improved on the performance of steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy for fine classification of atherosclerotic lesions.
Transcription from Heterologous rRNA Operon Promoters in Chloroplasts Reveals Requirement for Specific Activating Factors1 (1998)

The plastid rRNA (rrn) operon in chloroplasts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), maize, and pea is transcribed by the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase from a sigma70-type promoter (P1). In contrast, the rrn operon in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and mustard chloroplasts is transcribed from the distinct Pc promoter, probably also by the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase. Primer-extension analysis reported here indicates that in Arabidopsis both promoters may be active. To understand promoter selection in the plastid rrn operon in the different species, we have tested transcription from the spinach rrn promoter in transplastomic tobacco and from the tobacco rrn promoter in transplastomic Arabidopsis. Our data suggest that transcription of the rrn operon depends on species-specific factors that facilitate transcription initiation by the general transcription machinery.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting: a technical review (2018)

Multiparametric quantitative imaging is gaining increasing interest due to its widespread advantages in clinical applications. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting is a recently introduced approach of fast multiparametric quantitative imaging. In this article, magnetic resonance fingerprinting acquisition, dictionary generation, reconstruction, and validation are reviewed.
Resonant cavity enhanced photodetectors for the mid-wave infrared (2019)

We present III-Sb resonant cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors suitable for gas detection in the mid-wave infrared. AlAsSb/GaSb DBRs and absorbers of bulk InAsSb or a type-II InAsSb-InAs SLS were grown on GaSb, allowing for operation at 3.72 μm or 4.52 μm, with linewidth Δλ < 50 nm and Δλ < 70 nm, respectively. A barrier diode structure was used, and the absorber thickness was limited to 96 nm for InAsSb – or 192 nm for the SLS – in order to limit the dark currents. High quantum efficiency was obtained through the resonant optical field, while the remainder of the cavity was grown using wide-gap AlAsSb spacer layers not contributing to the dark current. By carefully compensation doping the AlAsSb layers, the 3.72 μm device was bandgap-engineered for a flat Fermi level in the thin absorber, and hence dark currents which scale with the absorber thickness. This can equate to a >20x reduction in noise compared with a conventional nBn detector with full thickness absorber. At 3.72 μm, performance above the BLIP limit imposed on broadband photodetectors was found by calculating for the specific detectivity.
Laser stimulation of the auditory nerve (2006)

We have demonstrated that the auditory nerve can be stimulated by optical radiation. One potential clinical use of this technology would be for cochlear implants.
Chemical and Structural Changes in Blood Undergoing Laser Photocoagulation¶ (2004)

The treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions (port wine stains etc.) using lasers has been guided by theories based on the "cold" or room-temperature optical properties of the hemoglobin target chromophore. We have recently presented evidence showing that under the influence of laser irradiation, the optical properties of blood in vitro are time and temperature dependent. Such complications are not currently subsumed into the in vivo theory. Here, we study the time-domain optical properties of blood undergoing photocoagulation in vitro using two newly developed time-resolved techniques. We also study the asymptotic effect of laser photocoagulation on the chemical and structural properties of the components of the blood matrix. We present evidence showing that the photocoagulation process involves significant changes in the optical absorption and scattering properties of blood, coupled with photothermally induced chemical and structural changes. We demonstrate the first use of a laser to deliberately generate magnetic resonance imaging contrast in vitro. We show that this technique offers significant potential advantages to in vivo intravenous chemical contrast agent injection.
Self-shielding superconducting solenoid systems (1988)

Superconducting solenoid systems which produce large magnetic fields can be designed to utilize flux conservation to cancel fluctuations in the ambient magnetic field in which they are located. Such self-shielding solenoids could be very useful for mass spectroscopy of trapped particles, nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Virtual delay line interferometer by a transmissive phase-modulated fiber Bragg grating (2013)

A novel approach based on transmissive phase-modulated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to implement a virtual delay line interferometer (DLI) is proposed, designed, numerically simulated and fabricated. The resulting devices provide the functionality of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), or equivalently a Michelson-Morley interferometer (MMI).
Intensity and Polarization Modulation by Electrical Biasing of a Conductive Optical Waveguide (2006)

Modulation of both the intensity and the polarization of 1.5 pm radiation in silicon waveguides is obtained by applying a voltage to the waveguide with respect to an adjacent electrode. The effect is the result of both the absorption of water to and modification of surface states on the waveguide.
A constrained adaptive beamforming algorithm for spherical microphone arrays (2014)

In this presentation, we will present a novel constrained adaptive beamformer algorithm that utilizes an inherent property of spherical harmonic eigenbeams which form the bases signals for spherical microphone array beamforming. Two simple constraints are placed on the weights to preclude the adaptive beamformer from nulling signals arriving from a desired “look” direction. The adaptive algorithm has been simulated for some simple acoustic fields as well as a diffuse field. We have implemented the algorithm in realtime on mh acoustics em32 Eigenmike¯ spherical microphone array and we will present some measurement results.
Dual-wavelength (1050 nm +1550 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifier characterization by optical frequency-domain reflectometry (2003)

We present experimental results of distributed gain measurements from a dual-pumped (1050 nm +1550 nm) thulium-doped fiber amplifier using optical frequency-domain reflectometry. We show that significant reductions in total pump power and/or fiber length are realized with the addition of a few milliwatts at 1550 nm. For our experimental conditions, the addition of 5 mW of 1550 nm allows for a reduction of 100 mW of pump power at 1050 nm or a reduction of 44% of doped fiber length to reach the same gain as with 1050-nm pumping alone.
General framework and modeling approach classification for chemical production scheduling (2012)

Abstract Despite the increased number of publications in the area during the last two decades, there is no unified notation and systematic framework for chemical production scheduling. In this article, we first develop a framework for the description of scheduling problems in the chemical industries. While building upon ideas used in discrete manufacturing, the proposed framework accounts for features such as material handling restrictions which are critical in chemical production scheduling. Second, we present a classification of the various modeling approaches that have been presented in the process systems engineering literature. Our classification is broader than previous schemes because it accounts for more attributes, and it also offers a broader discussion of the modeling of time. We believe that our analysis will enhance the understanding of chemical production scheduling and lead to further advances in the area. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1812–1828, 2012
Automatic coarse registration of three-dimensional surfaces by information theoretic selection of salient points (2006)

We describe a new method to register surface data measured by optical three-dimensional (3-D) sensors from various views of an object. With our method, complete 3-D models of objects can be generated without user interaction. Circumferential acquisition of 3-D objects is done by taking several views from different directions. To generate a complete 3-D-model, the views must be aligned with each other. This process is called registration and is commonly done interactively by searching for so-called corresponding points in the different views and by use of these points to calculate the appropriate rotation and translation. Our approach is based on automatically finding points that are eye catching or salient compared with other surface points. We derive a quantitative measure of point salience and a feature definition for free-form surfaces by introducing a concept to measure pragmatic information. Experiments confirm that our salient points can be robustly located on general free-form surfaces, even if there are no corners or edges. Furthermore, the neighborhoods of the salient points are highly distinguishable from each other. This results in a large reduction of the complexity of the subsequent geometric matching. The computing time is only a few seconds. We present results from various fields of application.
Prostate boundary segmentation from 3D ultrasound images (2003)

Segmenting, or outlining the prostate boundary is an important task in the management of patients with prostate cancer. In this paper, an algorithm is described for semiautomatic segmentation of the prostate from 3D ultrasound images. The algorithm uses model-based initialization and mesh refinement using an efficient deformable model. Initialization requires the user to select only six points from which the outline of the prostate is estimated using shape information. The estimated outline is then automatically deformed to better fit the prostate boundary. An editing tool allows the user to edit the boundary in problematic regions and then deform the model again to improve the final results. The algorithm requires less than 1 min on a Pentium III 400 MHz PC. The accuracy of the algorithm was assessed by comparing the algorithm results, obtained from both local and global analysis, to the manual segmentations on six prostates. The local difference was mapped on the surface of the algorithm boundary to produce a visual representation. Global error analysis showed that the average difference between manual and algorithm boundaries was -0.20 +/- 0.28 mm, the average absolute difference was 1.19 +/- 0.14 mm, the average maximum difference was 7.01 +/- 1.04 mm, and the average volume difference was 7.16% +/- 3.45%. Variability in manual and algorithm segmentation was also assessed: Visual representations of local variability were generated by mapping variability on the segmentation mesh. The mean variability in manual segmentation was 0.98 mm and in algorithm segmentation was 0.63 mm and the differences of about 51.5% of the points comprising the average algorithm boundary are insignificant (P < or = 0.01) to the manual average boundary.