gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptidic inhibitors of insulin-degrading enzyme with potential for dermatological applications discovered via phage display (2018)

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is an atypical zinc-metalloendopeptidase that hydrolyzes insulin and other intermediate-sized peptide hormones, many of which are implicated in skin health and wound healing. Pharmacological inhibitors of IDE administered internally have been shown to slow the breakdown of insulin and thereby potentiate insulin action. Given the importance of insulin and other IDE substrates for a variety of dermatological processes, pharmacological inhibitors of IDE suitable for topical applications would be expected to hold significant therapeutic and cosmetic potential. Existing IDE inhibitors, however, are prohibitively expensive, difficult to synthesize and of undetermined toxicity. Here we used phage display to discover novel peptidic inhibitors of IDE, which were subsequently characterized in vitro and in cell culture assays. Among several peptide sequences tested, a cyclic dodecapeptide dubbed P12-3A was found to potently inhibit the degradation of insulin (Ki = 2.5 ± 0.31 μM) and other substrates by IDE, while also being resistant to degradation, stable in biological milieu, and highly selective for IDE. In cell culture, P12-3A was shown to potentiate several insulin-induced processes, including the transcription, translation and secretion of alpha-1 type I collagen in primary murine skin fibroblasts, and the migration of keratinocytes in a scratch wound migration assay. By virtue of its potency, stability, specificity for IDE, low cost of synthesis, and demonstrated ability to potentiate insulin-induced processes involved in wound healing and skin health, P12-3A holds significant therapeutic and cosmetic potential for topical applications.
A micropump driven by continuous electrowetting actuation for low voltage and low power operations (2002)

In this paper we first report a micropump actuated by continuous electrowetting (CEW). We have used the surface-tension-induced motion of a mercury drop in the microchannel filled with an electrolyte as actuation energy. We have fabricated the CEW actuator, silicone rubber pumping membranes and copper flap check valves, and have demonstrated actual liquid pumping up to 63 /spl mu/l/min at the applied voltage of 2.3 Vpp. The maximum pump pressure is about 600 Pa at the applied voltage of 2.3 Vpp with operation frequency of 10 Hz.
Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms with Alzheimer's disease (2000)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is markedly overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease. We found the IL-1A 2,2 genotype in 12.9% of 232 neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease patients and 6.6% of 167 controls from four centers in the United Kingdom and United States (odds ratio, 3.0; controlled for age and for ApoE [apolipoprotein E] genotype). Homozygosity for both allele 2 of IL-1A and allele 2 of IL-1B conferred even greater risk (odds ratio, 10.8). IL-1 genotypes may confer risk for Alzheimer's disease through IL-1 overexpression and IL-1-driven neurodegenerative cascades.
Methylene blue for the treatment of oral mucositis related to radiation therapy of head and neck cancers: An uncontrolled cohort. (2022)

194 Background: Oral mucositis is a feared complication of radiation therapy of head and neck cancers, causing severe pain that affects oral functioning, nutrition, and quality of life, as well as therapy non-adherence or failure. Growing reports suggested that methylene blue (MB) oral-rinse was an effective and safe treatment for this oral pain. Methods: In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MB oral-rinse for the treatment of oral pain from mucositis in patients treated with radiation therapy of head/neck, we retrospectively evaluated patients who experienced refractory pain despite conventional therapy. Results: We identified 58 patients who received MB oral-rinse. Most were receiving treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (n = 26, 44.83%) and squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil (n = 14, 24.1%). The most common cancer therapy used was chemotherapy plus radiation (n = 23, 39.66%). The median duration of symptoms was 14 days. The mean NRS pain score before MB oral-rinse therapy was 7.59 (±1.68 standard deviation [SD]; median 8), and after therapy, 2.05 (±2.20 SD; median 2) ( P< 0.0001). The mean oral function scores (ability to talk, chew, and swallow) before MB oral-rinse therapy was 3.55 (±1.33 standard deviation [SD]; median 3.5), and after therapy, 0.52 (±0.86 SD; median 0) (P < 0.0001). Among 58 patients, n = 11; 18.92% had percutaneous feeding tubes placed before using MB oral rinse. Of those, four (36%) were soon removed after pain was controlled using MB. A few patients had PEG tubes inserted despite using MB oral rinse (n = 2; 3.44%), one for malnourishment and another for dehydration. Few adverse events were reported (n = 9, 15.48%) Three patients experienced oral burning sensation during the first-time use. One patient discontinued MB oral-rinse use due to cost of pharmacy compounding charge. Other discontinued it for unknown reason. Conclusions: MB oral-rinse is an effective and safe treatment for refractory pain from oral mucositis related to radiation therapy.
Fat‐suppressed steady‐state free precession imaging using phase detection (2003)

Fully refocused steady-state free precession (SSFP) is a rapid, efficient imaging sequence that can provide diagnostically useful image contrast. In SSFP, the signal is refocused midway between excitation pulses, much like in a spin-echo experiment. However, in SSFP, the phase of the refocused spins alternates for each resonant frequency interval equal to the reciprocal of the sequence repetition time (TR). Appropriate selection of the TR results in a 180 degrees phase difference between lipid and water signals. This phase difference can be used for fat-water separation in SSFP without any increase in scan time. The technique is shown to produce excellent non-contrast-enhanced, flow-independent angiograms of the peripheral vasculature.
VLSI Local interconnect level using titanium nitride (1985)

A local interconnect technology has been developed for VLSI CMOS applications using a titanium nitride layer. The technology has been realized by utilizing the titanium nitride layer that forms during the self-aligned titanium silicide process: which is used to simultanously reduce gate and junction sheet resistances to < 1 ohm/sq. Normally the TiN layer is discarded, but in this process the 0.1µm thick TiN layer is patterned and etched to provide local connections between gates and N+ and P+ junctions, with a sheet resistance of < 10 ohm/sq. This is accomplished without area consuming contacts or metal straps, and without any additional deposition steps, in addition to providing a VLSI version of the buried contact process, the technology results in self-aligned contacts and minimum geometry junctions, for reduced capacitance. The technology has been demonstrated by the fabrication of a CMOS VLSI memory with nearly half a million 1µm transistors.
Electrothermal Evaluation of AlGaN/GaN Membrane High Electron Mobility Transistors by Transient Thermoreflectance (2018)

A novel wet etch process for fabrication of large-area AlGaN/GaN membranes is reported, along with an evaluation of membrane-high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) electrothermal performance up to 1.9 W/mm. Hall measurements showed negligible post-etch change in membrane-HEMT sheet resistance, Hall mobility and carrier concentration. Static (dc) current-voltage characteristics showed negligible change in on resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ), although I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS,MAX</sub> was significantly reduced due to increased self-heating in the absence of the Si substrate. Pulsed output characteristics were similarly affected as self-heating was expected to be still present at ms pulse widths. In the off state, the drain leakage current was measurably lower by about an order of magnitude. Pulsed-mode off-state step stress showed a dynamic on resistance improvement by about a factor of 2 when both sides of the membrane were passivated by SiN. A peak temperature of 148.5 °C was measured on the membrane HEMT using transient thermoreflectance imaging. These initial results indicate that substrate removal does not necessarily cause device degradation, and can be a promising step in improving HEMT reliability in future generations of power devices.
Approximate enumerative coding for 2-D constraints through ratios of maprix Products (2009)

We show how to improve on the technique of approximate enumerative coding for a family of two-dimensional constraints by encoding according to lower bounds based on the worst-case behavior of certain ratios of matrix products. For the case of the two-dimensional (d = 2;infin) run-length limited (RLL) constraint, the improved approach yields a lower bound of 0.4453 on the capacity of the constraint.
High-flux and high-efficiency nitride-based light-emitting devices (2003)

There are numerous materials challenges involved in the production of high-efficiency III-nitride lasers and LEDs, some of which can be mitigated by epitaxy and device physics. The lack of a suitable lattice-matched substrate for epitaxy of AlInGaN films results in high dislocation densities and a large amount of residual strain in the deposited films. The role of the dislocations is not well-understood, although there is clear evidence that laser reliability is improved by reducing their density.
Islet1 cardiovascular progenitors: a single source for heart lineages? (2007)

The creation of regenerative stem cell therapies for heart disease requires that we understand the molecular mechanisms that govern the fates and differentiation of the diverse muscle and non-muscle cell lineages of the heart. Recently, different cardiac cell types have been reported to arise from a common, multipotent Islet1 (Isl1)-positive progenitor, suggesting that a clonal model of heart lineage diversification might occur that is analogous to hematopoiesis. The ability to isolate, renew and differentiate Isl1(+) precursors from postnatal and embryonic hearts and from embryonic stem cells provides a powerful cell-based system for characterizing the signaling pathways that control cardiovascular progenitor formation, renewal, lineage specification and conversion to specific differentiated progeny.
Modeling and compensation for angular transmission error in harmonic drive gearings (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a novel modeling and compensation approach for the angular transmission error in harmonic drive gearings. In the modeling, physical phenomena of the transmission error due to nonlinear elastic deformations in micro‐displacement region are especially dealt with, as well as the synchronous component which has been discussed in a variety of conventional studies. On the basis of the analyses of the phenomena, the nonlinear elastic component is mathematically modeled by applying a modeling framework for the rolling friction with hysteresis attributes. The proposed transmission error model has been adopted to the positioning system as a model‐based feedforward compensation manner. Experimental results using a prototype show the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and compensation. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Replicating Tag Entries for Reliability Enhancement in Cache Tag Arrays (2011)

Protecting on-chip cache memories against soft errors has become an increasing challenge in designing new generation reliable microprocessors. Previous efforts have mainly focused on improving the reliability of the cache data arrays. Due to its crucial importance to the correctness of cache accesses, the tag array also demands high reliability against soft errors. Exploiting the address locality of memory accesses, we propose to duplicate most recently accessed tag entries in a small tag replication buffer (TRB) thus to protect the information integrity of the tag array in the data cache. Experimental results show that our proposed TRB scheme achieves a high 90% access-with-replica (AWR) rate with low performance (~0%), energy (16.3%), and area (19.9%) overheads. We also conduct a detailed design space exploration for the TRB design and propose a selective TRB scheme that achieves a higher AWR rate (97.4%) for the dirty cachelines with negligible overheads. To provide a comprehensive evaluation of the tag-array reliability, we further conduct an architectural vulnerability factor (AVF) analysis for the tag array in the data cache and propose a refined metric, detected-without-replica-AVF (DOR-AVF), which combines the AVF and AWR analysis. Based on our DOR-AVF analysis, a selective TRB scheme with early write-back (S-TRB-EWB) is proposed, which achieves a zero DOR-AVF and 100% AWR rate at a negligible performance overhead. Results from statistical fault/error injection experiment also confirm the effectiveness of our TRB schemes and the achieved reliability of the cache tag array that recovers 100% of detected errors.
Experiments on Resonance Enhanced Pulsed Microjet Actuators in Supersonic Crossflow (2012)

An array of high-bandwidth, high-momentum pulsed supersonic microjets, called Resonance Enhanced Microjets (REM), were implemented to study the effect of pulsed actuation in a M=1.5 supersonic cross flow over a flat plate. Cross correlated, phase locked flow imaging and unsteady pressure measurements were used to characterize the shock wave-boundary layer interactions resulting from the pulsed actuation. Pulsed microjet actuators in supersonic cross flow have generated oblique shocks whose strength and shock angle are observed to have an invariable correlation with the pulsing phase of the microjets. Unsteady pressure measured downstream also shows a strong correlation to the pulsing phase of the actuator and the resulting oblique shock properties. These experiments clearly point to the potential capabilities of the resonance enhanced microjet actuator to manipulate the unsteady properties of the boundary layer of a supersonic flow.
SO{sub 2} and heavy metal capture by calcium-based sorbents in a coal-fired boiler (1995)

Injection of dry, calcium-based sorbents to the upper-furnace (high temperature) or economizer (medium temperature) region of a coal-fired boiler has been widely studied as a low-cost retrofittable technology. However, the current state of furnace sorbent injection technique falls far short of achieving adequate SO{sub 2} control for utilities burning high sulfur coal. Sorbent utilization with the conventional hydroxide or carbonate sorbents is less than optimum (25-32 %) with a Ca/S ratio of 2, which achieves a low SO{sub 2} removal of around 60-65 %. Addition of various promoters such as calcium lignosulfonate to the pure sorbents has resulted in moderate success, but still does not meet the stringent SO{sub 2} emission standard. The main stumbling block to improve the sorbent injection process has been lack of a comprehensive understanding of the ultrafast complex phenomena (calcination, sintering, sulfation) during high-temperature (800-1200{degrees}C) sulfur capture. In this work, an attempt has been made to explore the short-time (0-200 ms) phenomena of the sulfur capture process by obtaining time-resolved kinetic data for various pure and modified sorbents. Preliminary investigation has shown that Forsby limestone has a very high sorbent utilization compared to other conventional pure and modified sorbents. An attempt has been made tomore » elucidate the reasons behind its superior performance in sulfur capture. Another part of this work has involved capture of selenium at both high and medium temperature ranges with calcium hydroxide. The results suggest that at medium-temperature window (400-650{degrees}C), calcium hydroxide captures substantial metal oxide by a chemical reaction.« less
Combustion Monitoring of Lean-Burn Gas Engines With Ion Feedback (2004)

For many years ion feedback has been utilized on spark ignited gasoline engines running at stoichiometric air-fuel ratios.1,2,3,4 When used in conjunction with proper ion signal detecting circuitry, the spark plug serves as an effective combustion ion sensor and can detect certain characteristics about combustion. Ion sensing has also been employed on stoichiometric natural gas engines with very positive results. However, attempts to extract useful ion signals from high BMEP lean-burn gas engines have previously proven to be unsuccessful. Recently developments in signal recognition, along with correlations between combustion chamber and spark plug design have made ion sensing for lean-burn gas engines a realistic diagnostic technique. Algorithms have been demonstrated for misfire, knock and combustion quality. Test results show that ion sensing can produce combustion monitoring for lean-burn gas engines that previously required cylinder pressure transducers. With proper integration into the ignition controller and engine management system, the ion feedback signal can allow gas engines to operate at the limit of misfire and knock. This allows minimizing of NOx emissions and fuel consumption.
General Design Strategy to Precisely Control the Emission of Fluorophores via a Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT) Process (2022)

Fluorogenic probes for bioimaging have become essential tools for life science and medicine, and the key to their development is a precise understanding of the mechanisms available for fluorescence off/on control, such as photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Here we establish a new molecular design strategy to rationally develop activatable fluorescent probes, which exhibit a fluorescence off/on change in response to target biomolecules, by controlling the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process. This approach was developed on the basis of a thorough investigation of the fluorescence quenching mechanism of <i>N</i>-phenyl rhodamine dyes (commercially available as the QSY series) by means of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations and photophysical evaluation of their derivatives. To illustrate and validate this TICT-based design strategy, we employed it to develop practical fluorogenic probes for HaloTag and SNAP-tag. We further show that the TICT-controlled fluorescence off/on mechanism is generalizable by synthesizing a Si-rhodamine-based fluorogenic probe for HaloTag, thus providing a palette of chemical dyes that spans the visible and near-infrared range.
A New Rate‐Modulated Pacemaker System Optimized by Combination of Two Sensors (1988)

A new rate-modulated pacemaker system optimized by combination of two sensors is described. The parameter body activity and central venous blood temperature control the pacemaker rate. The specific characteristic of each parameter determines its role within the algorithm. While the motion sensor yields a fast reaction following the onset or a change of stress intensity, central venous blood temperature corresponds better to body metabolism. An indication of increased exercise from the motion sensor results in an accordingly rapid increase in the pacing rate. Unless this increased exercise is confirmed by an increase in central venous blood temperature within 2 or 3 minutes, the new motion level will be assumed to be the new baseline motion value and the pace rate will return to a basic pacing rate. Prolonged inappropriate responses are therefore avoided. Longer lasting exercise, fever and nonphysiological signals are recognized and handled safely. Exercise tests with five volunteers under various conditions showed pacing rate behavior that was close to normal.
Ion detection with a cryogenic detector compared to a microchannel plate detector in MALDI TOF-MS (1999)

Detection of molecular ions in mass spectrometry is typically accomplished by an ion colliding with a surface and then amplifying the emitted secondary electrons. It is well established that the secondary electron yield decreases as the mass of the primary ion increases [1-3], thus limiting the detection efficiency of large molecular ions. One way around this limitation is to use secondary ion detectors because the emission efficiency of secondary ions does not seem to decrease for increasing primary ion mass [1]. However this technique has limitations in timing resolution because of the mass spread of the emitted secondary ions. To find other ways around high mass detection limitations it is important to understand existing mechanisms of detection and to explore alternative detector types. To this end, a superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector was used in measuring the secondary electron emission efficiency, se, for a MCP detector. STJ detectors are energy sensitive and do not rely on secondary emission to produce a signal. Using a linear MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, a STJ detector is mounted directly behind the hole in an annular MCP detector. This mounting arrangement allows ions to be detected simultaneously by each detector. The STJ detector sits in a liquid helium cryostat and is operated at 1.3 K to minimize thermal noise (see [4,5] for more details). Primary ions passing through the center hole of the MCP detector collide with the 0.04 mm{sup 2} STJ surface and generate a detector-pulse that is approximately proportional to the ion's total energy. A mask with a small hole in it was placed in front of the MCP detector so that the MCP and STJ detectors have approximately the same effective active areas. The ion beam diameter near the MCP is over 2.5 cm (measured with a MCP-phosphorus screen detector) and the axial separation of the two detectors is about 4 mm. Both detectors were operated in pulse-counting mode and set to have the same effective deadtime.
Space-time coding for capacity enhancement in future-generation wireless communications networks (2000)

We present a simple yet novel space-time coding (STC) approach, based on a logical extension of simple convolutional codes. We compare this STC scheme with known transmission techniques, including space-time transmit diversity (STTD) and BLAST, in terms of code construction and performance. We present simulation results of actual performance, and discuss the reasons for, and implications of, the performance trends observed.
Signal processor for an an auditory prosthesis utilizing channel dominance (1989)

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Nonpolymeric organic host for recording volume phase holograms (1976)

Sucrose benzoate has been used as a host for recording volume phase holograms. Diffraction efficiencies up to 75% are obtained using a variety of photosensitive guests. Fixed or self-erasing holgrams can be obtained.
Samurai (2008)

Programs written in type-unsafe languages such as C and C++ incur costly memory errors that result in corrupted data structures, program crashes, and incorrect results. We present a data-centric solution to memory corruption called critical memory, a memory model that allows programmers to identify and protect data that is critical for correct program execution. Critical memory defines operations to consistently read and update critical data, and ensures that other non-critical updates in the program will not corrupt it. We also present Samurai, a runtime system that implements critical memory in software. Samurai uses replication and forward error correction to provide probabilistic guarantees of critical memory semantics. Because Samurai does not modify memory operations on non-critical data, the majority of memory operations in programs run at full speed, and Samurai is compatible with third party libraries. Using both applications, including a Web server, and libraries (an STL list class and a memory allocator), we evaluate the performance overhead and fault tolerance that Samurai provides. We find that Samurai is a useful and practical approach for the majority of the applications and libraries considered.