gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constitutional and Legal Framework of the Executive, Parliament and Public Enterprises (1997)

The size and functions of Public sector have increased significantly since Independence. What is legal framework within which this has taken place? What has been relation between Executive, Parliament, Civil Service, and Public Enterprises? The term Public Sector is not a legal or constitutional term of art. It does not appear in Constitution nor in statute; it is a political and economic idea rather than a legal one. The terms that are commonly found in Constitution that equates to idea of sector are public and office. The Jamaican Constitution defines public as any office of emolument in Public and public as the service of Crown in a civil capacity. The definition of service in Civil Service Establishment Act adds requirement that service must be of a permanent nature in Government of Jamaica and that service with a statutory authority or other body may be deemed service. The Public Sector in this essay consists of all agencies of Government established by law as arms of Government to carry out policies of elected Government of day. It includes those agencies that are part of Civil Service, enterprises established by Act of Parliament and companies incorporated under Companies Act, in which State or one of its agencies has a majority or controlling interest.
Dynamic Modeling in Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells Controller Design (2007)

In this paper, a dynamic model of the solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power unit is developed for the purpose of designing a controller to regulate fuel flow rate, fuel temperature, air flow rate, and air temperature to maintain the SOFC stack temperature, fuel utilization rate, and voltage within operation limits. A lumped model is used to consider the thermal dynamics and the electro-chemical dynamics inside an SOFC power unit. The fluid dynamics at the fuel and air inlets are considered by using the in-flow ramp-rates. A simulation result has been presented to illustrate the dynamic response of an SOFC stack when changing the electric load and fuel flow rates.
The Porta Batch Lime Slurry Method (1992)

Many new methods of application have been tried as a result of the rapid growth of soil stabilization with lime. Mixing lime with water, prior to application, has become the predominant method of application because of environmental concerns over dust from both hydrated and quicklime. With the slurrying of lime, prior to application, becoming the preferred method of application, the hunt for a mixing method, which is both economical and effective, has resulted in the development of the Porta Batch lime slaking system. This batch method converts truckload quantities of quicklime into hydrated lime slurry at the jobsite. The saving of 10 to 15 % of the cost of the lime by converting quicklime into hydrated lime slurry at the jobsite has resulted in the rapid growth of the Porta Batch system in the U.S. In the last 6 to 8 years, dozens of major jobs (where clay soil dictates the use of lime) have been done by this method. Research has now shown an added benefit of the Porta Batch method. The unique qualities of the patented mixing system combine to produce a lime slurry that is superior in many ways to dry hydrated lime mixed with water. The benefits include higher surface area, elevated temperature slurry for more rapid curing in the soil, and a more uniform homogeneous slurry mixture resulting in more uniform job results.
Genetic Drivers of Epigenetic and Transcriptional Variation in Human Immune Cells (2016)

Characterizing the multifaceted contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors to disease phenotypes is a major challenge in human genetics and medicine. We carried out high-resolution genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic profiling in three major human immune cell types (CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes, CD16<sup>+</sup> neutrophils, and naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells) from up to 197 individuals. We assess, quantitatively, the relative contribution of cis-genetic and epigenetic factors to transcription and evaluate their impact as potential sources of confounding in epigenome-wide association studies. Further, we characterize highly coordinated genetic effects on gene expression, methylation, and histone variation through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and allele-specific (AS) analyses. Finally, we demonstrate colocalization of molecular trait QTLs at 345 unique immune disease loci. This expansive, high-resolution atlas of multi-omics changes yields insights into cell-type-specific correlation between diverse genomic inputs, more generalizable correlations between these inputs, and defines molecular events that may underpin complex disease risk.
The melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) receptor in M2R mouse melanoma tumours (1993)

Several properties of the MSH receptor in solid melanotic and amelanotic mouse M2R tumour isografts were studied in C57BL mice. Using cell membrane fractions prepared from such tumours and the superpotent [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha MSH analogue, the affinity and receptor contents of the two tumour variants were found to be similar. When occupied by MSH, the receptor-MSH complex (R.MSH) was readily soluble in cholate. In the solubilized form, R.MSH was extremely stable and dissociated to an extent of only 30% within 12 days at 4 degrees C. While this high stability can be maintained in the pH range of 7.0-8.5, the solubilized R.MSH complex becomes increasingly unstable below pH 7.0 and totally dissociates at a pH < 6.0. In the membrane-bound form, the R.MSH complex shows a parallel pH stability profile which is shifted down by approximately two pH units. In addition to low pH, the R.MSH complex becomes unstable and totally dissociates in the presence of 10 mM EGTA, suggesting that the calcium-sensitive function of the receptor is still associated with the receptor in the detergent-soluble state. The R.MSH complexes in the soluble and membrane-bound forms are also totally resistant to proteolytic digestion by V8 protease, but were slowly digested by trypsin. Treatment of R.MSH with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride or bis (sulphosuccinimidyl) suberate led to covalent crosslinking of MSH to the receptor molecule. The electrophoretic mobility on SDS-PAGE of the 43/46 kD doublet of the receptor-MSH conjugate (R*MSH) was identical to the photoaffinity labelled MSH receptor product described earlier in cultured M2R cells. However, the efficiency of production of the crosslinked product was approximately 30%, much higher than that achieved previously by photoaffinity labelling. Using rabbit polyclonal anti-alpha MSH antibodies, the R*MSH conjugate was identifiable on Western immunoblots. These results provide a basis for further development of procedures for purification of the MSH receptor molecule and studying its protein structure.
Multifunctional nanostructured films (2007)

The state-of-the-art of investigation into multifunctional (multicomponent) nanostructured films used in mechanical engineering and medicine is considered.
A Software Engineering Perspective on Mobility (1999)

The term distributed computing conjures the image of a fixed network structure whose nodes support the execution of processes that communicate with each other via messages traveling along links. Peer-to-peer communication is feasible but client-server relationships dominate. More recently, servers have been augmented with brokerage capabilities to facilitate discovery of available services. Stability is the ideal mode of operation; changes are relatively slow; even in the case of failure, nodes and links are expected eventually to come back up. By contrast, mobility represents a total meltdown of all the stability assumptions (explicit or implicit) associated with distributed computing. The network structure is no longer fixed, nodes may come and go, processes may move among nodes, and even programs (the code executed by processes) may evolve and change structure. The challenges and opportunities associated with this computational melee form the main subject of this paper. We seek to sort out this chaotic form of computing by focusing our attention on the formulation of a simple framework for viewing mobility, on precise definition of terms, and on research issues mobility poses for the software engineering community.
Colloidal Crystals in Latex Films: Rubbery Opals (2001)

Elastomeric films were prepared, by uniaxial compression, from core-shell latex particles with a rigid thermoplastic core and a soft elastomeric shell. The films are rubbery, yet well ordered. The latex spheres form a fcc lattice, the 111 plane of which is oriented parallel to the film plane. This colloidal crystallinity is also found in opals. The films are colored due to selective reflection of the light wavelength corresponding to the lattice spacing, but they are not opaque. The crystallization process is surprisingly simple and fast because the core-shell latex spheres flow in the melt practically like a regular polymer melt. Under uniaxial compression, this flowing melt deposits crystalline layers of the latex spheres along the plates of the press. The order in the films was characterized with transmission electron microscopy and UV spectroscopy. Deformation of the films results in a shift of the reflected light wavelength.
Characterization of iron superoxide dismutase cDNAs from plants obtained by genetic complementation in Escherichia coli. (1990)

The inability of superoxide dismutase (SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1)-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli to grow aerobically on minimal medium can be restored by functional complementation with a heterologous SOD-encoding sequence. Based upon this property, a phenotypic selection system has been developed for the isolation of clones containing eukaryotic SOD cDNAs. cDNA expression libraries from both Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Arabidopsis thaliana were transformed into a SOD-deficient E. coli strain by electroporation, and clones containing functional SODs were selected by growth on minimal medium. Analysis of these clones revealed the identity of cDNAs encoding the iron form of superoxide dismutase (FeSOD)--the first SODs of this type to be cloned from eukaryotes. The presence of this enzyme in these two divergent plant species challenges previous ideas that FeSOD is found in only a few plant families. In addition, these results show the potential for shotgun cloning of eukaryotic genes by complementation of bacterial mutants, particularly when it is combined with a highly efficient transformation method, such as electroporation.
Scanning, non-contact, hybrid broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy system (2016)

A scanning system for small animal imaging using non-contact, hybrid broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (ncDOS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (ncDCS) is presented. The ncDOS uses a two-dimensional spectrophotometer retrieving broadband (610-900 nm) spectral information from up to fifty-seven source-detector distances between 2 and 5 mm. The ncDCS data is simultaneously acquired from four source-detector pairs. The sample is scanned in two dimensions while tracking variations in height. The system has been validated with liquid phantoms, demonstrated in vivo on a human fingertip during an arm cuff occlusion and on a group of mice with xenoimplanted renal cell carcinoma.
Importance of Metastable States in the Free Energy Landscapes of Polypeptide Chains (2007)

We show that the interplay between excluded volume effects, hydrophobicity, and hydrogen bonding in a tubelike representation of a polypeptide chain gives rise to free energy landscapes that, in addition to a clear global minimum, are characterized by the general presence of a small number of metastable minima, which correspond to common structural motifs observed in proteins. The complexity of the landscape increases only moderately with the length of the chain. Analysis of the temperature dependence of these landscapes reveals that the stability of specific metastable states is maximal at a temperature close to the midpoint of folding. These mestastable states are therefore likely to be of particular significance in determining the generic tendency of proteins to aggregate into potentially pathogenic agents.
Secure Enterprise Services Consumption for SaaS Technology Platforms (2009)

Over recent years there has been increased level of discussion on utility pricing for software. The focus of these discussions is to create new operating cost models where the unit costs are directly tied to the business operations to which they contribute. While creating a fine-grained operating cost model is very important for software solutions such as SaaS, the anticipated technology platforms will need to rely on a set of security mechanisms in order to provide a secure and trustworthy service consumption environment. We present an architecture for secure enterprise services consumption management system and a protocol for secure service consumption for service-oriented technology platforms. Our approach is performance sensitive and utilizes a novel combination of asymmetric and symmetric cryptography, and capability based access control. Access to technology platform services is regulated based on the permissions encoded in cryptographic capability tokens. In this paper we report a work in progress.
Diagnostic performance of Hybrid Capture human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid assay combined with liquid-based cytologic study (1996)

A liquid-based cytologic system provides adequate material for concomitant human papillomavirus testing. Addition of human papillomavirus testing to Thin-prep cytologic study provides significant gains in diagnostic accuracy over either cytologic study or human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing alone.
Protein Polymer Conjugates: Improving the Stability of Hemoglobin with Poly(acrylic acid) (2011)

The synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a novel polymer-protein conjugate are reported here. The covalent conjugation of high-molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to the lysine amino groups of met-hemoglobin (Hb) resulted in the covalent conjugation of Hb to PAA (Hb-PAA conjugate), as confirmed by dialysis and electrophoresis studies. The retention of native-like structure of Hb in Hb-PAA was established from Soret absorption, circular dichroism studies, and the redox activity of the iron center in Hb-PAA. The peroxidase-like activities of the Hb-PAA conjugate further confirmed the retention of Hb structure and biological activity. Thermal denaturation of the conjugate was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and steam sterilization studies. The Hb-PAA conjugate indicated an improved denaturation temperature (T(d)) when compared to that of the unmodified Hb. One astonishing observation was that polymer conjugation significantly enhanced the Hb-PAA storage stability at room temperature. After 120 h of storage at room temperature in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4, for example, Hb-PAA retained 90% of its initial activity and unmodified Hb retained <60% of its original activity under identical conditions of buffer, pH, and temperature. Our conjugate demonstrates the key role of polymers in enhancing Hb stability via a very simple, efficient, general route. Water-swollen, lightly cross-linked, stable Hb-polymer nanogels of 100-200 nm were produced quickly and economically by this approach for a wide variety of applications.
A selective review of research in content personalization (2006)

Purpose To provide a selective bibliography in the emerging area of library content personalization for the benefit of library and information professionals. Design/methodology/approach A range of recently published works (in the period 1993–2004), which aim to provide pragmatic application of content personalization rather than theoretical works, are discussed and sorted into “classified” sections to help library professionals understand more about the various options for formulating content as per the specific needs of their clientele. Findings This paper provides information about each category of tool and technique of personalization, indicating what is achieved and how particular developments can help other libraries or professionals. It recognises that personalization of library resources is a viable way of helping users deal with the information explosion, conserving their time for more productive intellectual tasks. It identifies how computer and information technology has enabled document mapping to be more efficient, especially because of the ease with which a document can be indexed and represented with multiple terms, and confirms that this same functionality can be used to represent a user's interests, facilitating the easy linking of relevant sources to prospective users. Personalization of library resources is an effective way for maximizing user benefit. Research limitations/implications This is not an exhaustive list of developments in personalization. Rather it identifies a mix of products and solutions that are of immediate use to librarians. Practical implications A very useful source of pragmatic applications of personalization so far, that can guide a practicing professional interested in creating similar solutions for more productive information support in his/her library. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need for a “review of technology” for LIS practitioners and offers practical help to any professional exploring solutions similar to those outlined in this paper.
Effects of Synergists on Bendiocarb and Pyrethrins Resistance in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) (1987)

Several field-collected strains of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), were tested for resistance to bendiocarb or pyrethrins or both in the presence or absence of synergists. Large nymphs were exposed to toxicants on glass surfaces. All strains tested had high-level resistance to bendiocarb: a few were highly resistant to pyrethrins. The synergists piperonyl butoxide and MGK 264, 2-(2-ethylhexyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, both successfully negated resistance to bendiocarb and pyrethrins. Combinations of these insecticides with either synergist also effectively eliminated resistance. A commercial product (Ficam Plus) containing bendiocarb, pyrethrins, and piperonyl butoxide rendered eight bendiocarb-resistant strains susceptible. These results indicate that the resistance mechanism to both bendiocarb and pyrethrins probably may be attributed to an enhanced microsomal mixed-function oxidase system which is effectively inhibited by either synergist.
Development and experimental evaluation of an online estimation system for vehicle mass (2008)

As active chassis controllers are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated, the performance of these controllers is very sensitive to a vehicle's inertial parameters such as the vehicle mass and mass centre height. Also, these parameters vary with the number of passengers and with different load situations. In this paper, in order to determine the vehicle mass during arbitrary vehicle manoeuvring, an online estimation system is proposed considering available driving conditions, which includes two estimation algorithms. One is designed on the basis of the vehicle's longitudinal motion using the recursive least-squares method with the disturbance observer technique. The other is designed on the basis of the vehicle's lateral motion by estimating the lateral velocity. Then, two estimation algorithms are combined to extract the vehicle mass information using the recursive least-squares method. The performance of the proposed estimation system is demonstrated through experimental tests.
Rate of sexual maturation and fecundity of the roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) of the Volga reach of the Rybinsk reservoir (2020)

Climate warming and the introduction of a new mass species of clam Dreissena bugensis can potentially lead to changes in the reproductive capacity of benthic fish species living in the upper Volga reservoirs. The age of puberty, the structure of the spawning stock, and fecundity are the main indicators of reproduction that determine, together with indicators such as the survival of young fish and the degree of fishing load, the relative number of species in the ichthyofauna. The purpose of this work was to study the size and age of the onset of puberty and the dynamics of fecundity of roach Rutilus rutilus in the Volga ples of the Rybinsk reservoir. Determination of individual absolute fecundity was performed by counting eggs in fresh gonads, without the use of fixation. The age of fish was determined by scales, and vertebrae and operculum were used as additional recording structures. As a result, it is shown that the beginning of sexual maturation of female roach occurs when reaching the age of 3+ and a length of more than 9 cm. Late maturing females were 4+ years old and over 18 cm long. The beginning of sexual maturation of males could not be determined. The smallest males in the catches, 7–8 cm long, were all sexually Mature. The maximum age of fish reached 12+ years with a length of no more than 32 cm. Individual absolute fertility ranged from 1,75 to 178,46 thousand eggs. The value of relative fertility ranged from 79 to 308, with an average of 171 eggs/g. The result concluded that high absolute and relative fecundity of roach and dynamic changes of fertility in terms of increase in average water temperature and absolute improvement of fodder after the invasion of Dreissena bugensis, may indicate the attainment of specific limit reproductive capacity of this species.
Angiotensinogen gene in human hypertension. Lack of an association of the 235T allele among African Americans. (1994)

The frequency of the 235T and 174M alleles of the angiotensinogen gene, previously reported to be associated with hypertension in Caucasians and Japanese, was compared between 57 hypertensive African Americans and 130 normotensive African Americans sampled as part of a community survey of hypertension in the Chicago area. The frequency of the 235T allele was unrelated to hypertension status (cases, 83%, control subjects, 82%), as was true for the 174M allele. Compared with Caucasians, the frequency of the 235T allele was twice as high in this African American population, while the frequency of the 174M allele was similar. Even higher frequencies of the 235T allele (93%) were noted in a sample of 122 Nigerians. It appears that the 235T allele is very common in populations of West African origin, although we found no evidence that it confers risk of hypertension.
Evaluación energética de la formación de biogás obtenido de residuos sólidos urbanos del relleno sanitario mediante el modelo LandGEM (2023)

Objetivo: Estimar la energía disponible para generar electricidad a partir de biogás de vertedero utilizando el modelo LandGEM adaptado a las condiciones locales de Montería, Colombia. Metodología: Para ello se obtiene de base de datos y estudios la información del relleno sanitario de residuos Loma Grande ubicado en la ciudad de Montería, volumen de residuos, clima y composición de residuos para el periodo 2016-2028, para aplicar el modelo LandGEM a la producción de energía de biogás. Resultados: se observó que solo para el año 2022 la cantidad de metano calculada es de 9.984.000 m3/año y con esto la energía estimada total es de 268.4968 MWh, que podría suministrar los requerimientos del relleno sanitario Loma grande. Conclusión: El estudio predice que estos modelos de evaluación se pueden utilizar para planificar la producción de energía a partir de gas de vertedero, y así, aprovechar la propiedad de terrenos improductivos que normalmente se utilizarían como vertedero y que se crearon previamente para materiales contaminantes no destructivos.