gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near and Far Transfer in Cognitive Training: A Second-Order Meta-Analysis (2019)

Theory building in science requires replication and integration of findings regarding a particular research question. Second-order meta-analysis (i.e., a meta-analysis of meta-analyses) offers a powerful tool for achieving this aim, and we use this technique to illuminate the controversial field of cognitive training. Recent replication attempts and large meta-analytic investigations have shown that the benefits of cognitive-training programs hardly go beyond the trained task and similar tasks. However, it is yet to be established whether the effects differ across cognitive-training programs and populations (children, adults, and older adults). We addressed this issue by using second-order meta-analysis. In Models 1 (k = 99) and 2 (k = 119), we investigated the impact of working-memory training on near-transfer (i.e., memory) and far-transfer (e.g., reasoning, speed, and language) measures, respectively, and whether it is mediated by the type of population. Model 3 (k = 233) extended Model 2 by adding six meta-analyses assessing the far-transfer effects of other cognitive-training programs (video-games, music, chess, and exergames). Model 1 showed that working-memory training does induce near transfer, and that the size of this effect is moderated by the type of population. By contrast, Models 2 and 3 highlighted that far-transfer effects are small or null. Crucially, when placebo effects and publication bias were controlled for, the overall effect size and true variance equaled zero. That is, no impact on far-transfer measures was observed regardless of the type of population and cognitive-training program. The lack of generalization of skills acquired by training is thus an invariant of human cognition.
Pediatric Crohn disease patients exhibit specific ileal transcriptome and microbiome signature (2014)

Interactions between the host and gut microbial community likely contribute to Crohn disease (CD) pathogenesis; however, direct evidence for these interactions at the onset of disease is lacking. Here, we characterized the global pattern of ileal gene expression and the ileal microbial community in 359 treatment-naive pediatric patients with CD, patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and control individuals. We identified core gene expression profiles and microbial communities in the affected CD ilea that are preserved in the unaffected ilea of patients with colon-only CD but not present in those with UC or control individuals; therefore, this signature is specific to CD and independent of clinical inflammation. An abnormal increase of antimicrobial dual oxidase (DUOX2) expression was detected in association with an expansion of Proteobacteria in both UC and CD, while expression of lipoprotein APOA1 gene was downregulated and associated with CD-specific alterations in Firmicutes. The increased DUOX2 and decreased APOA1 gene expression signature favored oxidative stress and Th1 polarization and was maximally altered in patients with more severe mucosal injury. A regression model that included APOA1 gene expression and microbial abundance more accurately predicted month 6 steroid-free remission than a model using clinical factors alone. These CD-specific host and microbe profiles identify the ileum as the primary inductive site for all forms of CD and may direct prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
Social network analysis (2009)

The sociocultural constructivist perspective regards interaction as vital to collaborative learning. In e-learning contexts, the quality of electronic educational discourse has been extensively analyzed for indications of information sharing and meaning negotiation with discourse and content analytical methods. Recently, the method of social network analysis (SNA) has been applied to the discourse of computer-mediated communication (CMC) supported learning groups. While research has mainly focused on network analysis of asynchronous CMC interaction, this study examines patterns of information flow in synchronous CMC exchanges of two virtual learning groups in terms of SNA measures of actor-node types and group reciprocity. The quantitative results from comparative group analysis reveal both higher reciprocity at group level and mutuality in information sharing at actor level in one group. These findings on the symmetry of information flow in virtual groups have implications for e-tutor facilitation of collaborative learning processes.
Mitigation of Crack Formation During Thermo-Mechanical Delamination of CdTe Solar Cells (2018)

Controlled thermo-mechanical delamination of thin-film solar cells offers a promising approach to drastically improve flexibility and specific power (power-to-weight ratio). However, the issue of film cracking during the delamination process must first be addressed. Here, we examine the causes of cracking during and after delamination, where it is found that cracking is heavily influenced by the material properties of the stressor layer used to induce delamination and the glass substrate that the solar cell is grown on. We then present several ways to reduce cracking during the delamination process.
Location-aware, Trust-based Detection and Isolation of Compromised Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

The detection and isolation of compromised nodes in wireless sensor networks is a difficult task. However, failure to identify and isolate compromised nodes results in significant security breaches which lowers the integrity of gathered data. Using a reputation-based trust framework for wireless sensor networks we introduce a location-aware, trust-based protocol that detects and isolates compromised nodes. We employ a secure cluster formation algorithm to facilitate the establishment of trusted clusters via pre-distributed keys. Reputation and trust is built over time through the monitoring of neighboring nodes. Our scheme provides a mechanism for developing reputation and trust so that a device can determine whether other devices have been compromised, and take corrective action, through negative information sharing and independent trust-based decision making. We also present a simple location verification algorithm that utilizes the received signal strength information in the process of verifying reported location information. The effectiveness of our approach in the detection and isolation of compromise nodes is validated through simulation. The results indicate that our scheme provides an effective mechanism for detecting and isolating compromised colluding nodes.
Culture Systems: Sequential (2012)

Methods for the culture of preimplantation human embryos evolved primarily from those used for mouse embryos. The initial method was usually culture in a single medium in microdrops of medium under oil for 2-3 days before transfer. Subsequently, extended culture over the whole preimplantation period was used. The debate at present is which system is best, a sequential series of media to accommodate changes in physiology and metabolism of the embryo from a 1-cell zygote to the differentiated blastocyst stage or a single-step culture regime using the same culture medium throughout the preimplantation period. Aspects of the advantages and disadvantages of these two culture systems will be discussed.
Current Advances in Virus-Like Particles as a Vaccination Approach against HIV Infection (2016)

HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates against HIV-1 infection. They are capable of preserving the native conformation of HIV-1 antigens and priming CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses efficiently via cross presentation by both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Progress has been achieved in the preclinical research of HIV-1 VLPs as prophylactic vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies and potent T cell responses. Moreover, the progress in HIV-1 dendritic cells (DC)-based immunotherapy provides us with a new vision for HIV-1 vaccine development. In this review, we describe updates from the past 5 years on the development of HIV-1 VLPs as a vaccine candidate and on the combined use of HIV particles with HIV-1 DC-based immunotherapy as efficient prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination strategies.
Surgical Treatment for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (2019)

The reported studies of fundoplication in LPR disease have important heterogeneity in method of diagnosis, exclusion criteria, symptoms, and signs assessed as therapeutic outcomes; therefore, this systematic review was nonconclusive regarding whether surgery for LPR disease is associated with effective control of sight and symptoms. Otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons must establish a diagnostic criterion standard, clear indications for surgery, and future clinical outcomes to precisely assess the effectiveness of treatment.
Insulin-like growth factor-I treatment reduces immune cell responses in acute non-demyelinative experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1997)

To test the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on clinical deficits, lesion severity, and immune cell response in acute, non-demyelinative experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we induced EAE in Lewis rats by passive transfer of an MBP-reactive T lymphocyte line. Four days after receiving 5 x 10(5) MBPL-1 T cells intravenously, ten pairs of rats had the same mild degree of tail and hind limb weakness. Ten were given 300 micrograms IGF-I i.v. twice daily for 6 days, and the other 10 received the same volume of 0.89% NaCl. Pairs of rats were sacrificed after 4 days and 6 days of IGF-I and placebo treatment and spinal cord sections were processed for immunostaining, in situ hybridization, and morphological examination. IGF-I treatment decreased clinical deficits, lesion numbers, and lesion areas significantly. Numbers of CD4-positive T cells, alpha/beta TCR-positive cells, and ED-1-positive macrophages were also significantly reduced by IGF-I treatment. Similar reductions were found in our second trial, when 11 days of placebo and IGF-I injections began the day after transfer. No demyelination was observed in either toluidine blue-stained semithin sections or sections immunostained with an antibody raised against myelin basic protein (MBP). We conclude that IGF-I-induced reductions in immune cell responses can occur in the absence of demyelination and are of major importance in decreasing clinical deficits and lesion severity in EAE. If IGF-I has similar effects in multiple sclerosis, we think that it will be useful therapeutically.
Leaf Vein-Inspired Bionic Design Method for Heat Exchanger Infilled with Graded Lattice Structure (2021)

Due to its excellent performance and high design freedom, the lattice structure has shown excellent capabilities and considerable potential in aerospace and other fields. This paper proposes a method to map the biometric model to the lattice structure. Taking leaf veins as bionic objects, they are used to generate a bionic design with a gradient lattice structure to improve the performance of a heat exchanger. In order to achieve the above goals, this article also proposes a leaf vein model and a mapping method that combine the leaf vein model with the lattice structure. A series of transient thermal finite element simulations was conducted to evaluate and compare the heat dissipation performance of different designs. The analysis results show that the combination of the bionic design and the lattice structure effectively improves the heat dissipation performance of the lattice structure heat exchanger. The results indicate that the application of bionic design in lattice structure design has feasibility and predictable potential.
Challenges and opportunities in targeting the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in transplantation and autoimmunity (2017)

T cell activation is a complex process that requires multiple cell signaling pathways, including a primary recognition signal and additional costimulatory signals. One of the best-characterized costimulatory pathways includes the Ig superfamily members CD28 and CTLA-4 and their ligands CD80 and CD86. Areas covered: This review discusses past, current and future biological therapies that have been utilized to block the CD28/CTLA-4 cosignaling pathway in the settings of autoimmunity and transplantation, as well the challenges facing successful implementation of these therapies. Expert opinion: The development of CD28 blockers Abatacept and Belatacept provided a more targeted therapy approach for transplant rejection and autoimmune disease relative to calcineurin inhibitors and anti-proliferatives, but overall efficacy may be limited due to their collateral effect of simultaneously blocking CTLA-4 coinhibitory signals. As such, current investigations into the potential of selective CD28 blockade to block the costimulatory potential of CD28 while exploiting the coinhibitory effects of CTLA-4 are promising. However, as selective CD28 blockade inhibits the activity of both effector and regulatory T cells, an important goal for the future is the design of therapies that will maximize the attenuation of effector responses while preserving the suppressive function of T regulatory cells.
Compositional disordering of InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures by low-temperature-grown GaAs layers (1996)

Compositional disordering of InGaAs/GaAs superlattices using a low-temperature-grown GaAs cap layer (LT-GaAs) by molecular beam epitaxy has been studied. The disordering of the superlattice was verified by photoluminescence and double-crystal x-ray rocking curve measurements. The Ga-vacancy-enhanced interdiffusion due to the presence of LT-GaAs was found to be the disordering mechanism. Diffusion equations and the Schrödinger’s equation were solved numerically to obtain the composition profile and the transition energies in the disordered quantum well, respectively. The simulated energy shifts for samples under different annealing conditions agreed very well with the experimental results. The calculated effective diffusivity for the In–Ga interdiffusion has an activation energy of 1.63 eV, which is smaller than the activation energy 1.93 eV, for intrinsic interdiffusion. The diffusivity for the enhanced In–Ga interdiffusion due to the presence of LT-GaAs is about two orders of magnitude larger than the intrinsic In–Ga diffusivity.
Iron and Iron-Handling Proteins in the Brain After Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2003)

The iron overload and upregulation of iron-handling proteins, including transferrin, transferrin receptor, and ferritin, in the brain after ICH suggest that iron could be a target for ICH therapy.
Developing a Mechanism to Support Decisions for Products Missing from the Shelf (2012)

The issue of products missing from the shelf is of high importance in a retailing supply chain. A decision system enabling store managers to decrease the out-of-shelf rate would be valuable. This paper examines two different approaches in building such a decision system: (a) utilization of inventory control models and (b) incorporation of classification methods. Both share criticism regarding their applicability, thus a further exploration of this issue is valuable. This paper examines four different experiments in order to evaluate each approach and record its applicability in the grocery sector. It comes out that both research approaches have limitations and strengths, thus it is suggested that such a decision system should be designed by utilizing both of them.
N,N‐Dimethylcyclohexylmethylamine (2003)

Abstract N,N‐Dimethylcyclohexylmethylamine intermediate: N,N‐dimethylcyclohexanecarboxamide product: N,N‐dimethylcyclohexylmethylamine
Transmission characteristics of DFB laser modules for analog applications (1993)

In this paper analog transmission characteristics of highly linear 1.3- and 1.55-μm distributed feedback (DFB) laser modules are described. To obtain high-power and high-performance DFB lasers, the bias dependence of distortion characteristics is discussed. The carrier-to-noise ratio, the composite second-order distortion, and the composite triple beat of the DFB laser module which is developed for analog CATV applications are presented. The analog transmission characteristics, such as CNR degradation, after fiber transmission, dispersion-induced distortion, and the influence of reflection, have been made clear. The stable high linearity of the DFB laser also has been confirmed by the composite distortion measurement under an accelerated aging test.
Radius and Skew Effects in an HAMR Hard Disk Drive (2015)

Over the past year, heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) has continued to make significant progress toward production and remains the most promising technology to enable areal density growth beyond 1 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . In this paper, we present an experimental study on the effects of disk radius and head skew angle in a HAMR hard disk drive. We demonstrate the dependence of laser power on disk radius and the sensitivities to several additional factors that can potentially change that characteristic. We also contrast adjacent track interference and areal density capability performance in drive to conventional perpendicular recording and their respective sensitivities to radius and skew angle.
Novel tunable GaAs MESFET OTA-C integrator suitable for high precision filtering applications (1991)

A novel, differential input OTA-C integrator with independent control of transconductance Gm and output conductance Go is described. Because a second order section with separate control of centre frequency and Q can be constructed using just two such units, the circuit is particularly applicable to precision filtering applications.
Preparation of a clay based superabsorbent polymer composite of copolymer poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) with bentonite via microwave radiation (2013)

In this paper we present a fast, new and easy method for the preparation of bentonite-g-poly (acrylate-co-acrylamide) composite material using microwave radiation. The composite has water absorptivity of 1002 g/g while the corresponding copolymer is tacky and has poor gel texture. The relative thermal stability of the composite in comparisonwith the copolymer was proved via thermogravimetric analysis These results indicate the synergistic effect of the bentonite with the copolymer by increasing water absorptivity and enhancing thermal and mechanical properties of the final gel. The composite was characterized byX-ray and FTIR. The influence of the environmental parameters on water absorptivity such as the pH and the ionic force was investigated.
A Comprehensive Study on Passwordless Authentication (2022)

In the technology today, user-based authentication and password are now widely used in all information systems and services. Most of the university also uses this type of authentication method for many services, but the password is in danger. By providing a password-protected verification system for the most usable and secure organization. In the old days, the password was used as the best authentication system to prevent unauthorized access. Now the technology in the authentication system is growing day by day so that the password is changed to be more secure. However, the vulnerability of this traditional system has prompted the industry and researchers to find a new alternative where there is no threat such as theft, hacking and cracking passwords. This study discusses in more detail the key strategies for verifying the authenticity of a password in detail and sets out an attempt to explain details and process of each technology. The paper consists of an extensive review of the research conducted in past several years and this research study has presented a review of recent research works which are mainly conducted for improvising the security with the end to end encryption process.
TCP over asymmetric CDMA radio links (2002)

In TCP-supported traffic flows like file downloading and Web browsing, the connection is inherently asymmetric since the size of TCP data packets is different from that of TCP ACK packets. To exploit the asymmetry, different uplink and downlink channel data rates can be allocated in wireless Internet access through third-generation mobile cellular systems. We investigate TCP performance over asymmetric CDMA radio links in cdma2000 system. It is shown that appropriate downlink/uplink data rate ratio should be determined in order to achieve comparable system performance as that of the symmetric radio links, and the required data rate ratio varies with radio channel conditions, especially frame error rates (FERs). This phenomenon is mainly due to the fact that frame error recoveries at the RLP (radio link protocol) for uplink and downlink channels are dependent on each other. To use our results in practical systems, we propose a procedure on channel data rate allocations for TCP-supported data services in order to achieve acceptable system performance and use channel resource efficiently.
Salicylic Acid Injection before Noise Exposure Reduces Permanent Threshold Shift (2008)

The permanent threshold shift (PTS) following exposure to intense noise may be due to the noise-induced excessive vibrations in the cochlea or to the generation of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Thus, it is possible that the resulting PTS may be reduced if the cochlear amplifier could be temporarily depressed beginningjust before the onset of the noise and continuing during the noise exposure or if antioxidant drugs were administered. These possibilities were assessed in mice by administering a single injection of salicylic acid (an antioxidant drug which also reversibly depresses the motor protein prestin of the cochlear amplifier) just before, and in other mice, just after, 3.5 h of 113-dB SPL broadband noise exposure. The PTS in the mice injected with salicylic acid just before the noise exposure was significantly smaller than that in mice exposed to the same noise without salicylic acid. The PTS in the latter was not significantly different from that in mice who received the drug just after the noise. Thus a single injection of salicylic acid, just before a noise exposure, can protect the ear from a noise-induced hearing loss.
On Unifying Privacy and Uncertain Data Models (2008)

The problem of privacy-preserving data mining has been studied extensively in recent years because of the increased amount of personal information which is available to corporations and individuals. Most privacy transformations use some form of data perturbation or representational ambiguity in order to reduce the risk of identification. The final results from privacy transformation methods often require the underlying applications to be modified in order to work with the new representation of the data. Since the end results of privacy-transformation methods have not been standardized, the required modifications may vary with the method used for the privacy transformation. In some cases, it can be an enormous effort to re-design applications to work with the anonymized data. While the results of privacy-transformation methods are a natural form of uncertain data, the two problems have generally been studied independently. In this paper, we make a first attempt to unify the two fields, and propose a privacy transformation for which existing uncertain data management tools can be directly used. This is a great advantage, since it means that the wide spectrum of research available for uncertain data management can also be used for privacy-preserving data mining. We propose an uncertain version of the k-anonymity model which is related to the well known deterministic model of k- anonymity. The uncertain version of the k-anonymity model has the additional feature of introducing greater uncertainty for the adversary over an equivalent deterministic model. As specific instantiations of this approach, we test the effectiveness of the privacy transformation on the problems of query estimation and classification, and show that the technique retains greater accuracy than other k-anonymity models.