gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparative electrophoresis of human apolipoprotein E: an improved method. (1990)

Apolipoprotein E was isolated from human very low density lipoproteins by a two-step electrophoretic procedure derived from that of Méndez (1982. Anal. Biochem. 126: 403-408). It included separation in a sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide slab gel, transfer into an agarose gel, and extraction by ultracentrifugation for 30 min. No protein labeling, dialysis, or concentration procedures were needed. The method was fast, showed an excellent protein recovery, and could be suitable as a general method of protein isolation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Compression of image ensembles using tensor decomposition (2013)

In this paper we address the problem of compressing a collection of still images of the same type, such as an image database of faces or any other visual objects of similar shapes. We refer to such collection of images as an image ensemble. The compression of image ensembles presents a unique set of requirements such as random access to any image within the collection without the need to reconstruct other images in the same ensemble. Such requirement is readily met by any still image compression standard, simply by encoding each image in isolation of other images within the same ensemble. However, traditional approaches of still image compression do not exploit the strong correlation that might exist among images within a given ensemble. In this paper we argue that a tensor-decomposition framework can achieve both: (a) random access to any image within an ensemble and (b) the exploitation of the correlation among all images within the same ensemble. To that end, we propose a progressive tensor-factorization approach that decomposes an image ensemble into a set of block-wise rank-one tensors. We derive and encode the rank-one tensors of an image ensemble using an optimization method for rank allocation among the original block tensors. Our simulation results show the viability of the proposed tensor framework when applied to image ensembles of faces.
Sensitivity and capacitance adjustment method for piezoelectric accelerometers (1985)

First Page
24-Channel Optical Transceiver Module for Waveguide-on-card Interconnects (2010)

24-channel 850nm optical transceiver modules based on silicon carriers with through-silicon electrical and optical vias have been assembled and tested at 12.5Gb/s/channel. Packaged on an organic carrier, the modules enable waveguide-connected multichip modules.
Solid–Liquid–Vapor Synthesis of Negative Metal Oxide Nanowire Arrays (2016)

Nanowires grown using the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism are highly attractive components for functional nanomaterials since they grow along unique crystallographic axes to form defect-free single crystals with well-controlled dimensions. To date, however, these free-standing wires have been put to little use, since their ordered arrangement or placement is highly challenging. Here, we report an approach to create ordered arrays of nanoscale interfaces, in which we utilize the reverse of the VLS mechanism (the solid–liquid–vapor (SLV) mechanism) to etch the inverse of a nanowire, a “negative nanowire”, into a single crystal. In this way, we achieve essentially the same array of crystallographic surfaces as would be achieved by growing a large array of nanowires but in a way that creates a single object which is easy to handle. The SLV mechanism is a unique approach in that it is governed by the same crystallography which makes the VLS mechanism attractive but, additionally, poses several key advantages, such as the tendency for negative nanowires to grow along a preferred etch direction inherently leading to arrays of negative nanowires with related alignment and orientation. Here, we present proof-of-principle experiments to show that SLV etching to synthesize negative nanowires can be performed in a nonreactive atmosphere and on single-crystalline zinc oxide and tin(IV) oxide substrates, demonstrating control over shape, size, alignment, and growth direction.
Homologous recombination: a basis for targeted genome optimization in crop species such as maize (2007)

In an attempt to understand the feasibility of future targeted genome optimization in agronomic crops, we tested the efficiency of homologous recombination-mediated sequence insertion upon induction of a targeted DNA double-strand break at the desired integration site in maize. By the development of an efficient tissue culture protocol, and with the use of an I-SceI gene optimized for expression in maize, large numbers of precisely engineered maize events were produced in which DNA integration occurred very accurately. In a subset of events examined in detail, no additional deletions and/or insertions of short filler DNA at the integration site were observed. In 30%-40% of the recovered events, no traces of random insertions were observed. This was true for DNA delivery by both Agrobacterium and particle bombardment. These data suggest that targeted double-strand break-induced homologous recombination is a superior method to generate specific desired changes in the maize genome, and suggest targeted genome optimization of agronomic crops to be feasible.
Lightwave fiber tap (1978)

This paper describes a device which samples the optical signal in an optical fiber for use in source stabilization via feedback control. This device incorporates a beam splitter formed on the fiber ends to deflect a portion of the light traveling down the fiber into a P-I-N photodetector. Advantages of this device include low insertion loss, an output that is relatively independent of the modal distribution within the fiber, and is a rugged small package.
Control of lasing wavelength in distributed feedback lasers by angling the active stripe with respect to the grating (1993)

We proposed and demonstrated a new and very simple technique of varying the lasing wavelength of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers with the need for fabricating gratings with different pitches. This is accomplished by angling the active stripe at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of the grating lines. This technique should be particularly suitable for fine tuning of lasing wavelength, and it eases the stringent demand on precise control of absolute grating pitches. It should be useful and important for dense (wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) applications and monolithic integration of multi-wavelength DFB lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MON-103 ALLO-HEMODIALYSIS: A NOVEL TREATMENT OPTION FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE IN LIMITED-RESOURCE SETTINGS (2019)

Globally, between 2.2 and 7.1 million people may have died prematurely in 2010 because they did not have access to renal replacement therapy (Liyanage, The Lancet 2015). Social, economic, environmental, and technical barriers prevent a wide-spread use of current dialysis technologies. As a nephrology community, we have not yet developed impactful solutions to address this problem. In our research we systematically questioned long-held paradigms and conceptualized a novel treatment option that may have the potential to increase access to renal replacement therapy and reduce the loss of human life owing to kidney failure.
Processing techniques for laser speckle derived from biological tissues (2000)

Laser speckle techniques are well known in the non-destructive evaluation community. One particular application is to infer strain by monitoring the motion of the speckle pattern that results from coherently illuminating the object. Typically a reference image of the speckle pattern is acquired before deformation of the object. Motion (with respect to this reference image) of subsequent speckle patterns, which occurs when the object is stressed, are used to infer the resulting strain. A problem experienced in using this technique for measurements of hydrated tissues is the rapid decorrelation of the speckle patterns. Thus, application of speckle techniques to assessment of strain in biological tissues relies on rapid sampling of the speckle patterns and the use of processing algorithms that are aimed at inferring strain rates rather than absolute strains. We discuss a number of approaches to estimating strain rates based on sequential speckle patterns. Maximum likelihood methods are shown to be especially useful.
Three Epigenetic Biomarkers, <i>GDF15</i> , <i>TMEFF2</i> , and <i>VIM</i> , Accurately Predict Bladder Cancer from DNA-Based Analyses of Urine Samples (2010)

By using a genome-wide approach, we have identified a biomarker panel that allows for early and accurate noninvasive detection of BlCa using urine samples.
Accurate cytogenetic biodosimetry through automated dicentric chromosome curation and metaphase cell selection (2017)

Accurate digital image analysis of abnormal microscopic structures relies on high quality images and on minimizing the rates of false positive (FP) and negative objects in images. Cytogenetic biodosimetry detects dicentric chromosomes (DCs) that arise from exposure to ionizing radiation, and determines radiation dose received based on DC frequency. Improvements in automated DC recognition increase the accuracy of dose estimates by reclassifying FP DCs as monocentric chromosomes or chromosome fragments. We also present image segmentation methods to rank high quality digital metaphase images and eliminate suboptimal metaphase cells. A set of chromosome morphology segmentation methods selectively filtered out FP DCs arising primarily from sister chromatid separation, chromosome fragmentation, and cellular debris. This reduced FPs by an average of 55% and was highly specific to these abnormal structures (≥97.7%) in three samples. Additional filters selectively removed images with incomplete, highly overlapped, or missing metaphase cells, or with poor overall chromosome morphologies that increased FP rates. Image selection is optimized and FP DCs are minimized by combining multiple feature based segmentation filters and a novel image sorting procedure based on the known distribution of chromosome lengths. Applying the same image segmentation filtering procedures to both calibration and test samples reduced the average dose estimation error from 0.4 Gy to <0.2 Gy, obviating the need to first manually review these images. This reliable and scalable solution enables batch processing for multiple samples of unknown dose, and meets current requirements for triage radiation biodosimetry of high quality metaphase cell preparations.
ML-Reconstruction for TOF-PET With Simultaneous Estimation of the Attenuation Factors (2014)

In positron emission tomography (PET), attenuation correction is typically done based on information obtained from transmission tomography. Recent studies show that time-of-flight (TOF) PET emission data allow joint estimation of activity and attenuation images. Mathematical analysis revealed that the joint estimation problem is determined up to a scale factor. In this work, we propose a maximum likelihood reconstruction algorithm that jointly estimates the activity image together with the sinogram of the attenuation factors. The algorithm is evaluated with 2-D and 3-D simulations as well as clinical TOF-PET measurements of a patient scan and compared to reference reconstructions. The robustness of the algorithm to possible imperfect scanner calibration is demonstrated with reconstructions of the patient scan ignoring the varying detector sensitivities.
Cavitation-enabled rapid and tunable evolution of high-χN micelles as templates for ordered mesoporous oxides (2016)

The kinetic-entrapment of block copolymer micelles enables size-persistence, however tuning micelle sizes under such conditions remains challenging. Agitation-induced chain exchange via vortexing is limited by the production of solution-air interfaces. Here, we use ultrasonic cavitation for rapid interface production that accelerates micelle growth by an order of magnitude over vortexing.
Memory-efficient scalable line-based image coding (1999)

We study the problem of memory-efficient scalable image compression and investigate some tradeoffs in the complexity versus coding efficiency space. The focus is on a low-complexity algorithm centered around the use of sub-bit-planes, scan-causal modeling, and a simplified arithmetic coder. This algorithm approaches the lowest possible memory usage for scalable wavelet-based image compression and demonstrates that the generation of a scalable bit-stream is not incompatible with a low-memory architecture.
Novel Water‐Soluble Carbosilane Dendrimers: Synthesis and Biocompatibility (2006)

Abstract A synthetic strategy has been developed for the preparation of new peripheral amine‐ or ammonium‐terminated carbosilane dendrimers of type n G‐[Si(OCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 ) y ] x or n G‐[Si(OCH 2 CH 2 NMe 3 + I – ) y ] x , respectively. It consists of the alcoholysis of well‐known chlorosilane‐terminated dendrimers with N , N ‐dimethylethanolamine and the subsequent quaternization with MeI. All these systems are susceptible to hydrolysis, although the decomposition depends on concentration and dendrimer generation. Evaluation of dendrimer toxicities by phase‐contrast light microscopy and MTT assay were carried out, and evidence of dendrimer/oligonucleotide complex formation was carried out by gel electrophoresis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Magnetoelectric Dipole Antennas With Dual Open-Ended Slot Excitation (2016)

Designs of novel magnetoelectric dipole antennas excited by dual open-ended slots for both single and dual linear polarizations are presented in this paper. The antenna can be interpreted as a dual complementary source that exhibits lower profile and higher gain while maintaining excellent radiation characteristics of the original ME dipole, including wideband, low back radiation, and high polarization purity. In addition, high isolation is obtained in the dual polarization design. All the above characteristics show that the proposed antennas can be regarded as potential candidates for various wireless applications. Prototypes are fabricated and measured to confirm the simulation results.
Exploiting Background Knowledge in Compact Answer Generation for Why-Questions (2019)

This paper proposes a novel method for generating compact answers to open-domain why-questions, such as the following answer, “Because deep learning technologies were introduced,” to the question, “Why did Google’s machine translation service improve so drastically?” Although many works have dealt with why-question answering, most have focused on retrieving as answers relatively long text passages that consist of several sentences. Because of their length, such passages are not appropriate to be read aloud by spoken dialog systems and smart speakers; hence, we need to create a method that generates compact answers. We developed a novel neural summarizer for this compact answer generation task. It combines a recurrent neural network-based encoderdecoder model with stacked convolutional neural networks and was designed to effectively exploit background knowledge, in this case a set of causal relations (e.g., “[Microsoft’s machine translation has made great progress over the last few years]effect since [it started to use deep learning.]cause”) that was extracted from a large web data archive (4 billion web pages). Our experimental results show that our method achieved significantly better ROUGE F-scores than existing encoder-decoder models and their variations that were augmented with query-attention and memory networks, which are used to exploit the background knowledge.
Enhanced effect of modified Zika virus E antigen on the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine (2020)

It has been reported worldwide that the Zika virus (ZIKV) could be transmitted through placentas and sexual contact. ZIKV can also cause Guillain-Barre syndrome, microcephaly and neurological abnormalities. However, there are no approved vaccines available. We constructed six DNA vaccine candidates and tested the immunogenicity. Tandem repeated envelope domain Ⅲ (ED Ⅲ × 3) induced highly total IgG and neutralization antibody, as well as CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. Also, stem region-removed envelope (E ΔSTEM) elicited a robust production of IFN-γ in mice. To examine in vivo protection, we used mice treated with an IFNAR1 blocking antibody before and after the challenge. Vaccination with the two candidates led to a decline in the level of viral RNAs in organs. Moreover, the sera from the vaccinated mice did not enhance the infection of Dengue virus in K562 cells. These findings suggest the potential for the development of a novel ZIKV DNA vaccine.
Influence of CSI Feedback Delay on Capacity of Linear Multi-User MIMO Systems (2007)

In this paper, we discuss the influence of feedback channel delay on throughput of linear multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing vector quantization (VQ) algorithms for encoding channel state information (CSI). We consider an approach where the mobile receiver estimates the downlink channel and chooses one of the predefined channel characterization codewords whose indices are transmitted back to the base station transmitter. In practice, the feedback channel introduces delay in transmission of the indices and we evaluate the resulting channel throughput loss for different system setups. Moreover, we define two new parameters of VQ MIMO systems: the channel eigenmode coherence time and singular value coherence time, and discuss their influence on system design. We demonstrate the performance of two types of systems, one using time division multiplexing of individual mobile users and another transmitting to multiple users at the same time. The simulation results show that feedback delay sensitivity of the multiple-user system throughput is much higher than in the TDM approach. Based on those results we propose a simple method allowing a selection of the VQ resolution for the given channel characteristics and system setup.
Trenched sinker LDMOSFET (TS-LDMOS) structure for high power amplifier application above 2 GHz (2002)

New trenched sinker LDMOSFET structure is proposed for the application of high power RF amplifier. By adopting low temperature deep trench technology, the sinker area can be shrunk down more than 70% compared with the conventional diffusion type. The RF performance of proposed device with channel width of 5 mm showed a small signal gain of 19.3 dB at 2 GHz and 14.8 dB at 3 GHz, and maximum peak power of 30 dBm at V/sub DD/ of 26 V. Furthermore, the trench sinker (or guard), that is applied to suppress the coupling between inductors, also showed a excellent blocking performance at frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 20 GHz.
Spin-Torque and Spin-Hall Nano-Oscillators (2015)

This paper reviews the state of the art in spin-torque and spin Hall effect driven nano-oscillators. After a brief introduction to the underlying physics, the authors discuss different implementations of these oscillators, their functional properties in terms of frequency range, output power, phase noise, and modulation rates, and their inherent propensity for mutual synchronization. Finally, the potential for these oscillators in a wide range of applications, from microwave signal sources and detectors to neuromorphic computation elements, is discussed together with the specific electronic circuitry that has so far been designed to harness this potential.
A Self-Adaptive Collaborative Multi-Agent based Traffic Signal Timing System (2018)

In this paper, we present DALI, a self-adaptive, collaborative multi-agent Traffic Signal Timing system (TST). Intersection controller agents collaborate with one another and adapt their timing plans based on the traffic conditions. Reinforcement learning is used to optimize values for the various thresholds necessary to dynamically determine the scope of collaboration between the agents. DALI was implement in MATISSE 3.0, a large-scale agent-based micro-simulator. Experimental results show an improvement over traditional and reinforcement learning TSTs.
A practical implementation of silicon microchannel coolers for high power chips (2005)

The paper describes a practical implementation of a single-phase Si microchannel cooler designed for cooling very high power chips such as microprocessors. Through the use of multiple heat exchanger zones and optimized cooler fin designs, a unit thermal resistance of 10.5 C-mm/sup 2//W from the cooler surface to the inlet water was demonstrated with a fluid pressure drop of less than 35 kPa. Further, cooling of a thermal test chip with a microchannel cooler bonded to it packaged in a single chip module was also demonstrated for a chip power density greater than 300 W/cm/sup 2/. Coolers of this design should be able to cool chips with average power densities of 400 W/cm/sup 2/ or more.
Expansionless oxidation-bonded SiC microfiltration membrane by controlling the oxidation of SiC particle mixtures (2021)

Oxidation bonding is a technique used to produce porous SiC ceramics at low temperatures. The oxidation behavior of SiC particles depends on various factors, including the oxidation environment, temperature, time, particle size, and impurities. The key properties required for a porous ceramic membrane are a controlled pore morphology, high strength, and high permeability. In this study, SiC powders with different particle sizes (0.55 and 7 μm) were used to fabricate porous ceramic membranes. First, the oxidation behavior of the SiC powders was evaluated. Then, the feasibility of using their mixture to create supports for microfiltration applications was analyzed. Through this study, not only were the ideal conditions for fabricating microfiltration supports quantified but also the conditions where specimens could be made with zero size change. Finally, a membrane fabricated from a powder mixture composed of 92% of the 7 μm powder and 8% of the 0.55 μm powder and sintered at 1450°C was proposed, which had a 37% porosity, 1.42 μm pore size, 49.6 MPa flexural strength, and L cm-2 min-1 bar-1 air permeability.
On-line identification of faults in fault-tolerant imagers (2006)

Detection of defective pixels that develop on-line is a vital part of fault tolerant schemes for repairing imagers during operation. This paper presents a new algorithm for the identification of stuck low, stuck high and partially stuck pixels in both regular and fault tolerant APS systems. The algorithm does not require specialized illuminations but instead operates on a sequence of regular images and uses statistical information extracted from each image to decide the state of each pixel. Unlike previous techniques, simulations of this technique show that it can find all faulty pixels without misidentifying good pixels as faulty. Under typical conditions, the algorithm successfully converges on the correct result within 238 images for a fault tolerant APS, and 16 images for a regular APS. More extensive simulations have shown that these results can be extended to high-resolution sensors and complex defect models that include hot pixels, without a significant decline in performance.
Recent advances in photonic bandgap fiber technology (2013)

We review our recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, modeling and splicing of wide transmission bandwidth hollow core photonic bandgap fibers and discuss their modal properties and potential for data transmission.