gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Refractive Index Copolymers with Improved Thermomechanical Properties via the Inverse Vulcanization of Sulfur and 1,3,5-Triisopropenylbenzene (2016)

The synthesis of a novel high sulfur content material possessing improved thermomechanical properties is reported via the inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur (S<sub>8</sub>) and 1,3,5-triisopropenylbenzene (TIB). A key feature of this system was the ability to afford highly cross-linked, thermosetting materials, where the use of TIB as a comonomer enabled facile control of the network structure and dramatically improved the glass transition temperature (relative to our earlier sulfur copolymers) of poly(sulfur-random-(1,3,5-triisopropenylbenzene)) (poly(S-<i>r</i>-TIB)) materials over a range from <i>T</i> = 68 to 130 °C. This approach allowed for the incorporation of a high content of sulfur-sulfur (S-S) units in the copolymer that enabled thermomechanical scission of these dynamic covalent bonds and thermal reprocessing of the material, which we confirmed via dynamic rheological characterization. Furthermore, the high sulfur content also imparted high refractive index (<i>n</i> > 1.75) and IR transparency to poly(S-<i>r</i>-TIB) copolymers, which offered a route to enhanced optical transmitting materials for IR thermal imaging applications with improved thermomechanical properties.
Properties of salicylate hydroxylase and hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase purified from Trichosporon cutaneum (1984)

Salicylate hydroxylase (salicylate 1-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.13.1) was purified from the soil yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. The enzyme contained flavin adenine dinucleotide and was monomeric, with a molecular weight of 45,300. In addition to salicylate, the four isomeric dihydroxybenzoates having one hydroxyl adjacent to carboxyl in the benzene nucleus were oxidatively decarboxylated without formation of hydrogen peroxide. One of these isomers, gentisate, was rapidly oxidized to hydroxyquinol by the enzyme but did not serve as an effective single carbon source for T. cutaneum; however, when growing with salicylate, cells also readily utilized gentisate for growth. Hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11....) is a newly investigated enzyme which was purified from T. cutaneum grown with 4-hydroxybenzoate. The enzyme was red, contained ferric iron, and was specific for hydroxyquinol; catechol and pyrogallol were oxidized at less than 1% of the rate for hydroxyquinol, and no activity could be detected against seven other catechols. The enzyme was composed of two nonidentical subunits having molecular weights of 39,600 and 38,200 and was apparently dimeric.
End-joining long nucleic acid polymers (2008)

Many experiments involving nucleic acids require the hybridization and ligation of multiple DNA or RNA molecules to form a compound molecule. When one of the constituents is single stranded, however, the efficiency of ligation can be very low and requires significant individually tailored optimization. Also, when the molecules involved are very long (>10 kb), the reaction efficiency typically reduces dramatically. Here, we present a simple procedure to efficiently and specifically end-join two different nucleic acids using the well-known biotin-streptavidin linkage. We introduce a two-step approach, in which we initially bind only one molecule to streptavidin (STV). The second molecule is added only after complete removal of the unbound STV. This primarily forms heterodimers and nearly completely suppresses formation of unwanted homodimers. We demonstrate that the joining efficiency is 50 +/- 25% and is insensitive to molecule length (up to at least 20 kb). Furthermore, our method eliminates the requirement for specific complementary overhangs and can therefore be applied to both DNA and RNA. Demonstrated examples of the method include the efficient end-joining of DNA to single-stranded and double-stranded RNA, and the joining of two double-stranded RNA molecules. End-joining of long nucleic acids using this procedure may find applications in bionanotechnology and in single-molecule experiments.
Gold Complexes as Metallo-Drugs (2023)

Gold thioglucose--one of the gold drugs still in use today--was first tested for the treatment of tuberculosis by Feldt in 1917. Though at the present time gold compounds are used almost exclusively against arthritis and related conditions, the authors will also briefly consider their effects in altering the progression of other diseases. In what follows, a greater emphasis will be laid on the use of gold complexes against arthritic diseases. Although the nongold phosphine compounds gave no protection, comparative studies indicated that the nature of the phosphine ligand in the gold complexes played a greater role in bringing about changes in biological activity than did the other group bonded directly to Au. It is established that an effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gold drugs results in some degree of clinical toxicity whose severity and extent varies depending upon the mode of administration, rate of elimination of gold from the body, and other factors.
Production of monoclonal antibodies to grapevine fleck virus (1995)

Two stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) were obtained by fusing spleen cells of immunized BALB/c mice with mouse myeloma cell line NSO/1. With direct and indirect ELISA, both mAbs readily and specifically recognized the virus in extracts from leaves, roots and cortex of infected Vitis spp., but did not decorate virus particles in immunoelectron microscopy tests. mAbs could be used both for coating plates (trapping) and antigen detection in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, yielding efficient and reproducible results for GFkV identification in field-grown vines
Analysis of Cellular Factors That Mediate Nuclear Export of RNAs Bearing the Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Constitutive Transport Element (2000)

There is now convincing evidence that the human Tap protein plays a critical role in mediating the nuclear export of mRNAs that contain the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus constitutive transport element (CTE) and significant evidence that Tap also participates in global poly(A)(+) RNA export. Previously, we had mapped carboxy-terminal sequences in Tap that serve as an essential nucleocytoplasmic shuttling domain, while others had defined an overlapping Tap sequence that can bind to the FG repeat domains of certain nucleoporins. Here, we demonstrate that these two biological activities are functionally correlated. Specifically, mutations in Tap that block nucleoporin binding also block both nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and the Tap-dependent nuclear export of CTE-containing RNAs. In contrast, mutations that do not inhibit nucleoporin binding also fail to affect Tap shuttling. Together, these data indicate that Tap belongs to a novel class of RNA export factors that can target bound RNA molecules directly to the nuclear pore without the assistance of an importin beta-like cofactor. In addition to nucleoporins, Tap has also been proposed to interact with a cellular cofactor termed p15. Although we were able to confirm that Tap can indeed bind p15 specifically both in vivo and in vitro, a mutation in Tap that blocked p15 binding only modestly inhibited CTE-dependent nuclear RNA export. However, p15 did significantly enhance the affinity of Tap for the CTE in vitro and readily formed a ternary complex with Tap on the CTE. This result suggests that p15 may play a significant role in the recruitment of the Tap nuclear export factor to target RNA molecules in vivo.
Determination of body fluid compartments by electrical impedance measurements. (1975)

?The ratio of the LF and HF impedances appears to be an excellent and simple tool for investigation of liquid specimens, either of the total human body, taking into consideration global impedances, or of a particular organ, taking into consideration local impedances. We have sketched out in this communication a study of the global impedance ratio variations with age, but a large number of studies still remain to be undertaken in those cases of severe denutrition, as in all cases of metabolic illnesses. We can state that, in most cases, not only does the ratio decrease but that there is extreme difficulty in reestablishing normal values. Whatever action is undertaken, it seems that the intracellular liquid compartment remains insufficient with respect to that of the extracellular liquid compartment. It is as if the water will not enter in the cells or as if it were no longer retained within the cells. Finally, with this concept of impedance ratios of Zlf/Zhf a promising experimental method has been found which will, perhaps, enable better infestigations in a field which has often been left to one side.
Leukapheresis: Increasing the granulocyte yield with the fenwal CS‐3000 (1983)

By premedicating the donor with 60 mg prednisone in divided doses and processing more donor blood at higher flow rates than those specified by the manufacturer, one can obtain high yields of granulocytes and platelets (mean of 3.3 X 10(10) and 5.9 X 10(11), respectively) with the Fenwal CS-3000 blood cell separator. The steroid effect predominates over that of processing more blood. In the case of donors who are not stimulated by steroid, processing 10 L of donor blood at flow rates of 60 to 70 ml/minute results in a significantly improved yield of granulocytes (mean of 2.2 X 10(10) as opposed to 1.4 in the case of 7 L) and of platelets (6.1 X 10(11) versus 4.7). The concentrates contain about 50 to 60% less lymphocytes when donors are given steroid. With these modifications, the leukapheresis can still be accomplished in less than three hours and with minimal adverse effects on the donors.
Efficient synthesis of (−)-γ-lycorane alkaloid by two Bu<sub>3</sub>SnH-mediated radical cyclisations (2008)

An asymmetric induction using (S)-1-arylethylamine-based chiral auxiliary and two Bu(3)SnH-mediated radical cyclisations have been developed for a total synthesis of (-)-gamma-lycorane (1). The first cyclisation proceeded in 5-endo-trig manner with moderate diastereoselectivtiy to give (3aR,7aR)-octahydroindol-2-one 6b as the major product using alpha-iodo-N-(6-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)-N-[(S)-1-phenylethyl] acetamide (5b). In the second cyclisation, the radical precursor 8 was used as substrate to construct the optically active lycorane skeleton 15 which was reduced using LiAlH4 into (-)-gamma-lycorane (1).
Uncovering the Bitcoin Blockchain: An Analysis of the Full Users Graph (2016)

BITCOIN is a novel decentralized cryptocurrency system which has recently received a great attention from a wider audience. An interesting and unique feature of this system is that the complete list of all the transactions occurred from its inception is publicly available. This enables the investigation of funds movements to uncover interesting properties of the BITCOIN economy. In this paper we present a set of analyses of the user graph, i.e. the graph obtained by an heuristic clustering of the graph of BITCOIN transactions. Our analyses consider an up-to-date BITCOIN blockchain, as in December 2015, after the exponential explosion of the number of transactions occurred in the last two years. The set of analyses we defined includes, among others, the analysis of the time evolution of BITCOIN network, the verification of the "rich get richer" conjecture and the detection of the nodes which are critical for the network connectivity.
AlpacaTag: An Active Learning-based Crowd Annotation Framework for Sequence Tagging (2019)

We introduce an open-source web-based data annotation framework (AlpacaTag) for sequence tagging tasks such as named-entity recognition (NER). The distinctive advantages of AlpacaTag are three-fold. 1) Active intelligent recommendation: dynamically suggesting annotations and sampling the most informative unlabeled instances with a back-end active learned model; 2) Automatic crowd consolidation: enhancing real-time interannotator agreement by merging inconsistent labels from multiple annotators; 3) Real-time model deployment: users can deploy their models in downstream systems while new annotations are being made. AlpacaTag is a comprehensive solution for sequence labeling tasks, ranging from rapid tagging with recommendations powered by active learning and auto-consolidation of crowd annotations to real-time model deployment.
Chidamide induces apoptosis in DLBCL cells by suppressing the HDACs/STAT3/Bcl‑2 pathway (2021)

Diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor type, and epigenetic modifications such as acetylation or deacetylation serve vital roles in its development. Chidamide, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, exerts an anticancer effect against various types of cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the cellular effect of chidamide on a number of DLBCL cell lines and to investigate its underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that chidamide induced the death of these cells in a concentration‑(0‑30 µmol/l) and time‑dependent (24‑72 h) manner, as determined using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 cell viability assay. Moreover, chidamide promoted cellular apoptosis, which was identified via flow cytometry and western blot analysis, with an increase in cleaved caspase‑3 expression and a decrease in Bcl‑2 expression. Chidamide treatment also decreased the expression level of STAT3 and its phosphorylation, which was accompanied by the downregulation of a class‑I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, chidamide. Collectively, these data suggested that chidamide can be a potent therapeutic agent to treat DLBCL by inducing the apoptotic death of DLBCL cells by inhibiting the HDACs/STAT3/Bcl‑2 pathway.
Human listeriosis and pate: a possible association. (1991)

Contamination of paté was a likely contributory cause of the increase in the incidence of listeriosis between 1987 and 1989.
Investigation on optimizing the design process of multi-hole pressure probes for transonic flow with panel methods (2002)

Developments made at the Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery of the Technical University of Aachen on the topic of miniaturized multihole pressure probes to be utilized in transonic turbine flows are presented. The main emphasis is on the numerical description of the flow around the probe head. A very efficient tool, the panel method, was used to calculate the pressure distribution on the surface. By the aid of this method the design process of a pneumatic multihole pressure probe can be supported. The influence of some geometry variations on the flow around the probe head is investigated, and the probe coefficients are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-threshold, high-power zero-order lateral-mode DQW-SCH metal-clad ridge waveguide (AlGa)As/GaAs lasers (1987)

Metal-clad ridge waveguide (MCRW), double quantum well, separately confined heterostrucuture (DQW-SCH) lasers have been fabricated having continuous-wave (CW) threshold currents of 10–12 mA and external differential quantum efficiencies of 41–46% per uncoated facet. Light/current characteristics are linear to >70 mW, and zero-order lateral mode operation was measured at 56 mW. The CW burn-off power density is nearly double the best previously reported value.
137 GAMMA-TYPE GLIADINS ARE TOXIC TO PATIENTS WITH COELIAC DISEASE (1994)

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Biochemistry Laboratory C, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, and Department of Medicine B, Division of Gastroenterology, Frederiksberg Hospital, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, DENMARK.
Furazolidone and Quinacrine (1981)

Furazolidone and quinacrine hydrochloride were compared for efficacy, toxicity, and ease of administration in 45 young children with giardiasis. With the initial course of therapy, the cure rate was 89% (17/19) with furazolidone and with quinacrine it was 64% (9/14) in children less than 5 years and 92% (11/12) in older children. Cure rates for all courses of therapy were 92% (24/26) with furazolidone and 53% (9/17) and 92% (12/13) in the younger and older children, respectively, treated with quinacrine. Quinacrine failure was usually due to severe vomiting. When re-treated with furazolidone, patients were cured. The disadvantages of furazolidone are the large volume of doses and the expense. In this study, furazolidone was more effective and better tolerated than quinacrine for the treatment of giardiasis.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of GaInSbBi for infrared detector applications (1997)

The growth of a new quaternary semiconductor alloy GaInSbBi suitable for 8–12 μm infrared detector applications by molecular beam epitaxy is reported for the first time. By the introduction of Ga into the InSbBi alloy, the following have been achieved: (1) enhancement of Bi incorporation, (2) improved lattice-matching to InSb, and (3) suppression of multiple-phase growth and improved surface morphology. The dependence of Bi content and surface morphology on growth temperature and substrate orientation has been investigated. Significant improvement in surface morphology is achieved for films grown on large angle off-axis substrates including (311)A and (511)A. Infrared absorption measurements performed at 77 K indicate that a cutoff wavelength as long as 10.7 μm was achieved. The principles demonstrated in this work are quite general and can be applied to other quaternary material systems containing N, P, As, and Sb such as GaInTlSb and GaInAsN to cover a wide range of band gaps.
Improved methods for predicting peptide binding affinity to <scp>MHC</scp> class <scp>II</scp> molecules (2018)

Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules are expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells where they display peptides to T helper cells, which orchestrate the onset and outcome of many host immune responses. Understanding which peptides will be presented by the MHC-II molecule is therefore important for understanding the activation of T helper cells and can be used to identify T-cell epitopes. We here present updated versions of two MHC-II-peptide binding affinity prediction methods, NetMHCII and NetMHCIIpan. These were constructed using an extended data set of quantitative MHC-peptide binding affinity data obtained from the Immune Epitope Database covering HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, HLA-DP and H-2 mouse molecules. We show that training with this extended data set improved the performance for peptide binding predictions for both methods. Both methods are publicly available at www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHCII-2.3 and www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHCIIpan-3.2.
Mulch Improves Pecan Tree Growth during Orchard Establishment (2000)

`Giles' pecan [ Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] seedlings were either not mulched or mulched with wood chips arranged in a 1- or 2-m-wide square that was 30 cm deep. Mulch treatments were in factorial combination with two N rates applied as either a single application at budbreak or as a split application at budbreak and 3 weeks later. Tree height was positively related to mulch width each year of the 3-year study, and trunk diameter was positively related to mulch width during the second and third years of the experiment. Leaf P and K concentration during 2 years and leaf N during 1 year of the study were positively related to mulch width. Trees receiving the higher N rate were taller during 2 of 3 years, but leaf N concentration was not affected by N rate. No differences in the parameters measured were observed whether N was applied as a single or as a split application.
PCNA binding proteins in Drosophila melanogaster : the analysis of a conserved PCNA binding domain (1998)

The eukaryotic polymerase processivity factor, PCNA, interacts with cell cycle regulatory proteins such as p21(WAF1/Cip1) and Gadd45, as well as with proteins involved in the mechanics of DNA repair and replication. A conserved PCNA-binding motif is found in a subset of PCNA-interacting proteins, including p21, suggesting that the regulation of these interactions is important for the co-ordination of DNA replication and repair. We have identified several classes of protein which bind to Drosophila PCNA. Two of these proteins contain the consensus PCNA-binding domain: one is the Dacapo protein, a Drosophila homologue of p21(WAF1/Cip1), and the second is the transposase encoded by the Pogo DNA transposon . A conserved PCNA-binding domain is also present in a human relative of Pogo , named Tigger , suggesting that this domain has a functional role in this class of transposable element. This raises interesting possibilities for a novel method of transposition in which the transposase might be targeted to replicating DNA. Finally, we have investigated the use of this conserved PCNA-binding domain as a predictor of PCNA-binding capacity.
Dipeptide Binding in Water by a de Novo Designed Guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole Receptor (2004)

A new dipeptide receptor 9, which was designed de novo based on theoretical calculations, efficiently binds dipeptides in water with Kass > 104 M-1 by a combination of ion pairing and hydrogen bonds as can be shown by UV-titration and NMR experiments.
Macelignan inhibits bee pathogenic fungi Ascophaera apis growth through HOG1 pathway (2016)

Ascosphaera apis is a bee pathogen that causes bee larvae infection disease, to which treatment is not yet well investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate antifungal susceptibility in vitro against A. apis and to identify a new antifungal agent for this pathogen through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and western blot analysis. Macelignan had 1.56 and 3.125 μg/mL MIC against A. apis after 24 and 48 h, respectively, exhibiting the strongest growth inhibition against A. apis among the tested compounds (corosolic acid, dehydrocostus lactone, loganic acid, tracheloside, fangchinoline and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside). Furthermore, macelignan showed a narrow-ranged spectrum against various fungal strains without any mammalian cell cytotoxicity. In spite of miconazole having powerful broad-ranged anti-fungal activity including A. apis, it demonstrated strong cytotoxicity. Therefore, even if macelignan alone was effective as an antifungal agent to treat A. apis, combined treatment with miconazole was more useful to overcome toxicity, drug resistance occurrence and cost effectiveness. Finally, HOG1 was revealed as a target molecule of macelignan in the anti-A. apis activity by inhibiting phosphorylation using S. cerevisiae as a model system. Based on our results, macelignan, a food-grade antimicrobial compound, would be an effective antifungal agent against A. apis infection in bees.
Some characteristics of four attenuated vaccine virus strains and a virulent strain of Aujeszky's disease virus (1984)

In the present study four attenuated virus strains, used as vaccines, and a virulent strain of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) were compared with respect to their virulence in mice, their ability to induce virus-specified thymidine kinase (TK) in infected cells, and their cleavage profiles of viral DNA's after treatment with the restriction endonuclease KpnI. The survival time of mice inoculated with the B-KAL or the virulent NIA-3 strain was comparable, whereas the Bartha and BUK strains required significantly longer periods to kill mice. Mice were resistant to the MK-25 strain of ADV. The strains were assayed for TK phenotype by plaque autoradiography after 3H-thymidine labelling of infected cells. MK-25 proved to be the only strain defective in induction of TK in pig kidney cells. Restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA's revealed that each vaccine strain showed a characteristic fragment pattern that could easily be differentiated from that of other vaccine and field strains of ADV. The present results demonstrate that the mouse virulence test and the TK assay detect differences in biological properties of ADV strains, but that restriction endonuclease analysis is required for unambiguous identification of vaccine and field strains of ADV.