gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary Human Liver Cells as Source for Modular Extracorporeal Liver Support - a Preliminary Report (2002)

Cell-based extracorporeal liver support is an option to assist or replace the failing organ until regeneration or until transplantation can be performed. The use of porcine cells or tumor cell lines is controversial. Primary human liver cells, obtained from explanted organs found to be unsuitable for transplantation, are a desirable cell source as they perform human metabolism and regulation. The Modular Extracorporeal Liver Support (MELS) concept combines different extracorporeal therapy units, tailored to suit the individual and intra-individual clinical needs of the patient. A multi-compartment bioreactor (CellModule) is loaded with human liver cells obtained by 5-step collagenase liver perfusion. A cell mass of 400 g - 600 g enables the clinical application of a liver lobe equivalent hybrid organ. A detoxification module enables single pass albumin-dialysis via a standard high-flux dialysis filter, and continuous veno-venuous hemodiafiltration may be included if required. Cells from 54 human livers have been isolated (donor age: 56 +/- 13 years, liver weight: 1862 +/- 556 g resulting in a viability of 55.0 +/- 15.9%). These grafts were not suitable for LTx, due to steatosis (54%), cirrhosis (15%), fibrosis (9%), and other reasons (22%). Out of 36 prepared bioreactors, 10 were clinically used to treat 8 patients with liver failure. The overall treatment time was 7-144 hours. No adverse events were observed. Initial clinical applications of the bioreactor evidenced the technical feasibility and safety of the system.
Microbial Community Composition and Diversity via 16S rRNA Gene Amplicons: Evaluating the Illumina Platform (2015)

As new sequencing technologies become cheaper and older ones disappear, laboratories switch vendors and platforms. Validating the new setups is a crucial part of conducting rigorous scientific research. Here we report on the reliability and biases of performing bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon paired-end sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina platform. We designed a protocol using 50 barcode pairs to run samples in parallel and coded a pipeline to process the data. Sequencing the same sediment sample in 248 replicates as well as 70 samples from alkaline soda lakes, we evaluated the performance of the method with regards to estimates of alpha and beta diversity. Using different purification and DNA quantification procedures we always found up to 5-fold differences in the yield of sequences between individually barcodes samples. Using either a one-step or a two-step PCR preparation resulted in significantly different estimates in both alpha and beta diversity. Comparing with a previous method based on 454 pyrosequencing, we found that our Illumina protocol performed in a similar manner - with the exception for evenness estimates where correspondence between the methods was low. We further quantified the data loss at every processing step eventually accumulating to 50% of the raw reads. When evaluating different OTU clustering methods, we observed a stark contrast between the results of QIIME with default settings and the more recent UPARSE algorithm when it comes to the number of OTUs generated. Still, overall trends in alpha and beta diversity corresponded highly using both clustering methods. Our procedure performed well considering the precisions of alpha and beta diversity estimates, with insignificant effects of individual barcodes. Comparative analyses suggest that 454 and Illumina sequence data can be combined if the same PCR protocol and bioinformatic workflows are used for describing patterns in richness, beta-diversity and taxonomic composition.
Effects of a mutation that eliminates UDP glucose-pyrophosphorylase on the pathogenicity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (1985)

A nonpathogenic mutant of Erwinia carotovora obtained by Mu d1 mutagenesis was defective in the ability to utilize several carbon sources. The basis of the mutation was analyzed biochemically and shown to be a defect in the ability to form UDP glucose-pyrophosphorylase. The nonpathogenic phenotype of the mutant was caused by its sensitivity to galactose.
New Polymers for Optimizing Organic Photovoltaic Cell Performances (2007)

The performance of an organic solar cell critically depends on the materials used in the active layer. Desirable characteristics of active layer materials include an intense optical absorption covering broad range of the solar spectrum to maximize photon capture, the ability to effectively separate charges upon photo‐excitation, high charge mobility to allow efficient charge transport to the electrodes, and suitable HOMO and LUMO levels to ensure a high device voltage. In order to optimize these properties simultaneously, we have designed and synthesized conjugated polymers containing alternating electron‐donating and electron‐accepting units. Based on one of the low band gap polymers we designed and synthesized previously, poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)], we carried out both side chain and main chain modifications in order to improve performance even further. By incorporating fluorene repeating units into the main chain, it is possible to adjust the absorption characteristics of the polymers while maintaining a desirable HOMO level and good charge carrier mobility. The solubility profile of the polymer can be adjusted by modifying the side chains, and soluble polymer with mobility as high as 7×10−2 cm2/Vs is realized when a combination of 2‐ethylhexy and hexyl groups are used as side chains. These polymers should be promising candidates for high performance solar cells according to a recently published model (3).
Advanced Electronic Packaging (2009)

Packaging is rapidly becoming an area of microeclectronics technology which can limit the operating speed on an integrated circuit. To address this concern, much research and development attention now focuses on packaging in an effort to prevent it from impeding the speed of electronic systems. With Advanced Electronic Packaging, readers can learn about the full range of packaging concepts, from the introductory to the advanced level, and gain a deeper understanding of this rapidly growing area of microelectronics. As an excellent desk reference for practicing engineers or as an ideal text for students in interdisciplinary engineering classes, this comprehensive book discusses all aspects of the sciences and technologies involved in the fabrication, testing, reliability, and packaging of integrated circuits, specifically, multichip modules (MCM). In addition, you will find industrial case studies for several MCM technologies along with an assessment of design tradeoffs. Also addressed are the critical role of economics and future trends in electronic packaging. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available upon request from the Wiley Makerting Department
Layer-by-Layer Assembly for Graphene-Based Multilayer Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Applications (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheets have become a versatile platform for the fabrication of innovative hybrid materials with various functions due to their unique electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The preparation of graphene-based composites with nanoscale precision is highly important for reproducible and controllable performance through the analysis of interplay between each component. In particular, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique is known as a simple, inexpensive, and versatile process for the fabrication of highly ordered multilayer film structures from various types of materials. The LbL structures capable of controlling nanoscale composition and architectures are achieved through the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged components by attractive forces such as electrostatic interactions. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in graphene-based nanocomposites hybridized with various nanomaterials such as carbon nanomaterials, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles by the LbL assembly. Multilayered graphene nanocomposites exhibit improved physical/chemical properties and superior performance compared with the individual components due to the synergistic effects in various applications including electric devices, energy storage and conversion, and biological usages. &amp;#169; 2015 American Chemical Society.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO CONSUMO SUSTENTÁVEL NO COMPORTAMENTO DOS ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE ANGOLA-BRASIL (2018)

O termo sustentabilidade vem ocupando espaco nas organizacoes como fonte de investimento e direcao de negocio. As exigencias dos consumidores e comunidade em geral desafia a capacidade das empresas em estabelecer relacoes positivas entre as atividades empresariais e o meio ambiente, criando uma oportunidade de mercado com maior rentabilidade diante das modificacoes socioambientais observadas. Assim sendo, focando na atuacao do individuo enquanto consumidor o presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar a influencia do comportamento dos estudantes universitarios sobre o consumo sustentavel. Trata-se de um estudo comparativo de um pais da America latina (Brasil) e outro pais da costa ocidental da Africa (Angola). A amostra foi constituida por 206 estudantes de graduacao do curso de administracao da Universidade Catolica de Angola e da Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, onde foi utilizada uma amostragem por conveniencia. A pesquisa realizada caracteriza-se como abordagem quantitativa, com relacao aos procedimentos de levantamento ou survey. Os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicacao de um questionario estruturado e ja validado na literatura. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os estudantes universitarios pesquisados estao conscientes sobre o consumo sustentavel. Todavia, algumas vezes, e possivel verificar que os estudantes tenham respondido em funcao do que e socialmente aconselhavel e aceitavel, e nao em funcao do que sao efetivamente as suas praticas de consumo, entretanto, este aspecto revela apenas um discurso, pois apesar da boa intencao, a escolha de produtos ecologicos depende do seu preco.
Neuromyotonia with neuropathy and muscle hypertrophy: association or cause? (2006)

Continuous muscle fibre activity in a patient with demyelinating neuropathy is rare. We report an 18 year old boy who presented with walking difficulty and continuous rippling in muscles of upper and lower limbs. He had dysarthric speech, hypertrophied arm and calf muscles with normal power, tone, reflexes and sensations. Myokymic discharges were seen in deltoid, biceps, quadriceps and calf muscles. His blood counts, chemistry, thyroid profile, DNA, Rh factor were normal and CPK was raised. CSF showed protein 50 mg/dl and 4 lymphocyte/mm3. Nerve conduction study revealed conduction block and absence of peroneal F wave. EMG showed neuromyotonic discharges which disappeared on regional neuromuscular blocker but not on nerve block or general anaesthesia. He responded partially to prednisolone. Acquired demyelinating neuropathy may result in neuromyotonia and muscle hypertrophy which may partially respond to prednisolone.
Improved efficiency of site-specific copper(II) ion-catalysed protein cleavage effected by mutagenesis of cleavage site (2000)

The peptide sequence (N)DKTH(C) was previously investigated as a site for efficient, specific cleavage of a fusion protein by cupric ions using a humanized gamma1 Fab' as a model protein. Here we show that conservative mutations to three of the residues in the introduced cleavage site resulted in cleavage sites that were significantly improved. They were cleaved more efficiently by Cu(2+), such that cleavage reactions could be shorter, of lower pH or at a lower temperature. Some were even found to be measurably cleaved by Ni(2+). Use of these new cleavage sequences along with cupric ions may provide a more rapid and less harsh method for cost-effective, large-scale proteolytic cleavage of fusion proteins and peptides.
User behaviour and interactions for multimodal authentication (2016)

This paper discusses user behaviour and interactions for multimodal authentication system. Multimodal means, multiple authentication methods are provided for user to access a web application. The supported methods are password, digital certificate, and one-time password (OTP). Users are able to select any methods based on user's preference; personalizing authentication. Nevertheless, the availability of the methods is adaptive. The system computes the nature of the authentication request with security level of authentication methods, trust level of applications, and traits of user location and behaviour as its determinant factors. User behaviour and interactions are interpreted based on data retrieval from system log, database and user help desk support. The data is generated by real users and live authentication system. The motivation of analysing user behaviour and interactions are; it gives an insight profile and risk for each of the authentication method and it minimizes the imbalance of usability and security in upcoming design and development. The results of data analysis are password is the dominant method and combination of password and OTP SMS is ideal for two factors authentication.
Dye-Free Gene Expression Detection by Sequence-Tagged Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Coupled with Pyrosequencing (2008)

Presently most techniques for gene expression analysis are based on a dye label. Here we describe a novel method for comparing gene expression levels among various tissues or cells by sequence-tagged reverse-transcription PCR coupled with pyrosequencing (termed "SRPP"). This method includes three steps: (i) reverse transcription of mRNA with sources-specific RT primers consisting of a tail at the 5'-end for supplying a common PCR priming site, a source-specific sequence in the middle, and a poly-T stretch plus several degenerate bases at the 3'-end for annealing the mRNA strand. (ii) PCR amplification of the templates produced by pooling sequence-labeled cDNAs equally from different sources. (iii) Decoding and quantification of the source-specific sequences tagged in the amplicons by pyrosequencing. The signal ratio in the pyrogram is proportional to the amounts of mRNAs among different sources. As the signal is detected by observing bioluminescence, neither dye, nor electrophoresis, or laser source was used. The expression levels of six kinds of genes (Cdk2ap2, Vps4b, Fas, Fos, Cdk4, and Actb) among the kidney, the brain, and the heart tissues of a mouse were accurately detected, suggesting that the new method is promising in quantitatively comparing gene expression levels among different sources at a low cost.
New Insights into Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Localized Akt Activation and Compartment-Specific Target Proteins for the Cellular Radiation Response (2018)

Genetic alterations driving aberrant activation of the survival kinase Protein Kinase B (Akt) are observed with high frequency during malignant transformation and cancer progression. Oncogenic gene mutations coding for the upstream regulators or Akt, e.g., growth factor receptors, RAS and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), or for one of the three Akt isoforms as well as loss of the tumor suppressor Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) lead to constitutive activation of Akt. By activating Akt, these genetic alterations not only promote growth, proliferation and malignant behavior of cancer cells by phosphorylation of various downstream signaling molecules and signaling nodes but can also contribute to chemo- and radioresistance in many types of tumors. Here we review current knowledge on the mechanisms dictating Akt's activation and target selection including the involvement of miRNAs and with focus on compartmentalization of the signaling network. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the cross-talk with DNA damage response highlighting nuclear Akt target proteins with potential involvement in the regulation of DNA double strand break repair.
A new 1200V HVIC with a novel high voltage Pch-MOS (2010)

A new 1200V HVIC, including both a high voltage Nch-LDMOS and a high voltage Pch-MOS, is successfully fabricated without any additional process steps to our 600V HVIC. The 1200V Nch-LDMOS is realized with benefit of the 2nd Generation Divided RESURF Structure. The 1200V Pch-MOS is also realized with a novel multi-striped drain structure. As a result of the new drain structure, more than three times larger output current compared to a conventional one is obtained without decreasing the breakdown voltage.
Low resistance bicomponent spunbond materials for fresh air filtration with ultra-high dust holding capacity (2017)

Three-dimensional fluffy air filtration materials with low resistance and ultra-high dust holding capacity were fabricated by a bicomponent spunbond technique.
Face reconstruction with a morphable face model (2003)

Proposes a method for reconstructing partially occluded faces based on a 2D morphable model. Faces are modeled by linear combinations of prototypes of shape and texture. With the shape and texture information only from an unoccluded region, we can estimate optimal coefficients for linear combinations of prototypes of shape and texture. In such an over-determined condition, where the number of points in the unoccluded region is greater than the number of prototypes, we find an optimal solution using a simple least square minimization method. Our experimental results show that reconstructed faces are very natural and plausible like real photos.
Brain Tumor Segmentation in MRI images using unsupervised Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and FCM clustering (2015)

Tumor Segmentation of MRI Brain images is still a challenging problem. The paper proposes a fast MRI Brain Image segmentation method based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and Fuzzy-C Means (FCM) algorithm. The value in continuous gray scale interval is searched using threshold estimation. The optimal threshold value is searched with the help of ABC algorithm. In order to get an efficient fitness function for ABC algorithm the original image is decomposed by discrete wavelet transforms. Then by performing a noise reduction to the approximation image, a filtered image reconstructed with low-frequency components, is produced. The FCM algorithm is used for clustering the segmented image which helps to identify the brain tumor.
Portable real-time color night vision (2008)

We developed a simple and fast lookup-table based method to derive and apply natural daylight colors to multi-band night-time images. The method deploys an optimal color transformation derived from a set of samples taken from a daytime color reference image. The colors in the resulting colorized multiband night-time images closely resemble the colors in the daytime color reference image. Also, object colors remain invariant under panning operations and are independent of the scene content. Here we describe the implementation of this method in two prototype portable dual band realtime night vision systems. One system provides co-aligned visual and near-infrared bands of two image intensifiers, the other provides co-aligned images from a digital image intensifier and an uncooled longwave infrared microbolometer. The co-aligned images from both systems are further processed by a notebook computer. The color mapping is implemented as a realtime lookup table transform. The resulting colorised video streams can be displayed in realtime on head mounted displays and stored on the hard disk of the notebook computer. Preliminary field trials demonstrate the potential of these systems for applications like surveillance, navigation and target detection.
Mechanism of alternative splicing and its regulation (2014)

Alternative splicing of precursor mRNA is an essential mechanism to increase the complexity of gene expression, and it plays an important role in cellular differentiation and organism development. Regulation of alternative splicing is a complicated process in which numerous interacting components are at work, including cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors, and is further guided by the functional coupling between transcription and splicing. Additional molecular features, such as chromatin structure, RNA structure and alternative transcription initiation or alternative transcription termination, collaborate with these basic components to generate the protein diversity due to alternative splicing. All these factors contributing to this one fundamental biological process add up to a mechanism that is critical to the proper functioning of cells. Any corruption of the process may lead to disruption of normal cellular function and the eventuality of disease. Cancer is one of those diseases, where alternative splicing may be the basis for the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as new strategies for therapy. Thus, an in-depth understanding of alternative splicing regulation has the potential not only to elucidate fundamental biological principles, but to provide solutions for various diseases.
Multiple Recombining Loci Encode MaSp1, the Primary Constituent of Dragline Silk, in Widow Spiders (Latrodectus: Theridiidae) (2007)

Spiders spin a functionally diverse array of silk fibers, each composed of one or more unique proteins. Most of these proteins, in turn, are encoded by members of a single gene family thought to have arisen through duplication and divergence of an ancestral silk gene. Because of its remarkable mechanical properties, orb weaver dragline silk, a composite of 2 proteins (MaSp1 and MaSp2), is the best studied. Here, we demonstrate that multiple loci encode MaSp1 in widow spiders (Latrodectus). Because these copies may be the result of more recent duplication events than those leading to the currently recognized silk gene paralogs, they offer insight into the early evolutionary fate of silk gene duplicates. In addition to 3 presumed functional MaSp1 loci in Latrodectus hesperus (Western black widow) and Latrodectus geometricus (brown widow) genomes, we find a MaSp1 pseudogene in L. hesperus, demonstrating the potential for unrecognized extinction of silk gene paralogs. We also document recombination events among L. hesperus MaSp1 loci and between Latrodectus MaSp1 loci and MaSp2. This result supports the hypothesis that concerted evolution occurs not only within an individual silk gene but also among silk gene paralogs. One of the L. geometricus MaSp1 copies encodes a protein that has diverged in amino acid composition and potentially converged on the secondary structure of MaSp2. Based on the presence of multiple MaSp1 loci and the phylogenetic distribution of MaSp1 versus MaSp2, we propose that MaSp2 is derived from an ancestral MaSp1 duplicate. Finally, divergence has occurred in the upstream flanking sequences of the L. hesperus MaSp1 loci, the region most likely to contain regulatory motifs, providing ample opportunity for differential expression. However, the benefits associated with increased protein production may be the primary mechanism maintaining multiple functional MaSp1 copies in widow genomes.