gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial non-uniformity correction for color printer calibration (2007)

Color printer calibration is always performed in the presence of noise. A major part of this noise is due to the spatial non-uniformity of the printer. In many cases, the spatial non-uniformity does not repeat the same pattern page by page. Some calibration techniques use randomizing the locations of patches and averaging a large numbers of measurements to reduce the noise. Since the non-uniformity is a kind of systematic errors, it should be estimated and corrected in a more effective way. This presentation describes a method to provide a more accurate color calibration/characterization result by estimating the spatial non-uniformity presented on the printed target page and applying a correction to the very same page itself. Instead of defining the noise in the color measurement space, e.g. the CIE Lab space, the new method specifies the noise in the printer-dependent color space, e.g. the CMY space. After the first-round color calibration, an inverse transform, from CIE Lab to CMY, is derived from measurements of the entire printed target. The noise dC, dM, or dY is determined as the difference between the original CMY values and the output of the inverse transform with the measured Lab values as the transform input. Since color patch locations are stochastically arranged, any "noticeable" spatial pattern of the noise is most likely due to the printer non-uniformity in the corresponding channel. The nonuniformity can be estimated by spatially smoothing the noise terms and the result can be subtracted from the original CMY input for a second-round calibration to achieve higher color accuracy.
TERAHERTZ INTERFEROMETRIC AND SYNTHETIC APERTURE IMAGING (2007)

The stand-off imaging properties of a terahertz (THz) interferometric array are examined. For this application, the imaged object is in the near-field region limit of the imaging array. In this region, spherical and circular array architectures can compensate for near-field distortions and increase the field of view and depth of focus. Imaging of THz point sources is emphasized to demonstrate the imaging method and to compare theoretical predictions to experimental performance.
Towards co-channel speaker separation BY 2-D demodulation of spectrograms (2009)

This paper explores a two-dimensional (2-D) processing approach for co-channel speaker separation of voiced speech. We analyze localized time-frequency regions of a narrowband spectrogram using 2-D Fourier transforms and propose a 2-D amplitude modulation model based on pitch information for single and multi-speaker content in each region. Our model maps harmonically-related speech content to concentrated entities in a transformed 2-D space, thereby motivating 2-D demodulation of the spectrogram for analysis/synthesis and speaker separation. Using a priori pitch estimates of individual speakers, we show through a quantitative evaluation: 1) Utility of the model for representing speech content of a single speaker and 2) Its feasibility for speaker separation. For the separation task, we also illustrate benefits of the model's representation of pitch dynamics relative to a sinusoidal-based separation system.
Actinomadura miaoliensis sp. nov., a thermotolerant polyester-degrading actinomycete (2009)

An actinomycete, strain BC 44T-5(T), with the ability to degrade poly(d-3-hydroxybutyrate) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Miaoli County, Taiwan. The isolate displayed substrate mycelia and short spore chains were borne on the aerial mycelia. Spores were non-motile, round, 1 mum in diameter and spiny. The aerial spore mass was blue. Strain BC 44T-5(T) had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Whole-cell sugars of the novel strain were identified as glucose, galactose and madurose. Diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were detected. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H(4)) and MK-9(H(2)). Mycolic acids were not detected. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0) (14.82 %), C(16 : 0) (14.63 %), C(17 : 0) (13.79 %) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0) (23.77 %.) The DNA G+C content of strain BC 44T-5(T) was 70.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that strain BC 44T-5(T) (=FIRDI 002(T)=BCRC 16873(T)=LMG 24335(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, Actinomadura miaoliensis sp. nov.
Secure and Utility-Aware Data Collection with Condensed Local Differential Privacy (2019)

Local Differential Privacy (LDP) is popularly used in practice for privacy-preserving data collection. Although existing LDP protocols offer high utility for large user populations (100,000 or more users), they perform poorly in scenarios with small user populations (such as those in the cybersecurity domain) and lack perturbation mechanisms that are effective for both ordinal and non-ordinal item sequences while protecting sequence length and content simultaneously. In this paper, we address the small user population problem by introducing the concept of Condensed Local Differential Privacy (CLDP) as a specialization of LDP, and develop a suite of CLDP protocols that offer desirable statistical utility while preserving privacy. Our protocols support different types of client data, ranging from ordinal data types in finite metric spaces (numeric malware infection statistics), to non-ordinal items (OS versions, transaction categories), and to sequences of ordinal and non-ordinal items. Extensive experiments are conducted on multiple datasets, including datasets that are an order of magnitude smaller than those used in existing approaches, which show that proposed CLDP protocols yield high utility. Furthermore, case studies with Symantec datasets demonstrate that our protocols accurately support key cybersecurity-focused tasks of detecting ransomware outbreaks, identifying targeted and vulnerable OSs, and inspecting suspicious activities on infected machines.
Ideal SiC Schottky barrier diodes fabricated using refractory metal borides (2009)

Several refractory metal borides were used as Schottky contacts to fabricate n-type 4H-SiC Schottky diodes. The boride contacts were deposited on SiC substrates held at 20 and 600 °C. Contacts deposited on substrates held at 600 °C produced better diodes with smaller ideality factors from 1.05 to 1.10, barrier heights from 0.94 to 1.15 eV, smaller leakage current densities at a reverse bias of 15 V, and smaller specific on-resistances compared to contacts deposited on substrates held at 20 °C, and these values remained essentially unchanged after annealing at 600 °C for 20 min. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy spectra of one of these boride contacts revealed a systematic decrease in oxygen with an increase in the deposition temperature. The improved electrical properties and thermal stability make these boride contacts attractive for high power and high temperature device applications.
Graph-Parallel Entity Resolution using LSH & IMM (2014)

In this paper we describe graph-based parallel algorithms for entity resolution that improve over the map-reduce approach. We compare two approaches to parallelize a Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) accelerated,IterativeMatch-Merge (IMM) entity resolution technique: BCP, where records hashed together are compared at a single node/reducer, vs an alternative mechanism (RCP) where comparison load is better distributed across processors especially in the presence of severely skewed bucket sizes. We analyze the BCP and RCP approaches analytically as well as empirically using a large synthetically generated dataset. We generalize the lessons learned from our experience and submit that the RCP approach is also applicable in many similar applications that rely on LSH or related grouping strategies to minimize pair-wise comparisons.
Organic Semiconductor Growth and Morphology Considerations for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2010)

Analogous to conventional inorganic semiconductors, the performance of organic semiconductors is directly related to their molecular packing, crystallinity, growth mode, and purity. In order to achieve the best possible performance, it is critical to understand how organic semiconductors nucleate and grow. Clever use of surface and dielectric modification chemistry can allow one to control the growth and morphology, which greatly influence the electrical properties of the organic transistor. In this Review, the nucleation and growth of organic semiconductors on dielectric surfaces is addressed. The first part of the Review concentrates on small-molecule organic semiconductors. The role of deposition conditions on film formation is described. The modification of the dielectric interface using polymers or self-assembled mono-layers and their effect on organic-semiconductor growth and performance is also discussed. The goal of this Review is primarily to discuss the thin-film formation of organic semiconducting species. The patterning of single crystals is discussed, while their nucleation and growth has been described elsewhere (see the Review by Liu et. al).([¹]) The second part of the Review focuses on polymeric semiconductors. The dependence of physico-chemical properties, such as chain length (i.e., molecular weight) of the constituting macromolecule, and the influence of small molecular species on, e.g., melting temperature, as well as routes to induce order in such macromolecules, are described.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Trehalose Analogues: Rapid Access to Chemical Probes for Investigating Mycobacteria (2014)

Abstract Trehalose analogues are emerging as valuable tools for investigating Mycobacterium tuberculosis , but progress in this area is slow due to the difficulty in synthesizing these compounds. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic synthesis of trehalose analogues that employs the heat‐stable enzyme trehalose synthase (TreT) from the hyperthermophile Thermoproteus tenax . By using TreT, various trehalose analogues were prepared quickly (1 h) in high yield (up to >99 % by HPLC) in a single step from readily available glucose analogues. To demonstrate the utility of this method in mycobacteria research, we performed a simple “one‐pot metabolic labeling” experiment that accomplished probe synthesis, metabolic labeling, and imaging of M. smegmatis in a single day with only TreT and commercially available materials.
Formation of granules and <i>Methanosaeta</i> fibres in an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR) (2004)

It has generally been accepted that the formation of granules in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems requires a hydraulic upflow pattern. To evaluate this hypothesis, we operated an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR) without a hydraulic upflow pattern, using a synthetic wastewater containing acetate, propionate, butyrate and sucrose. We provided conditions amenable to the formation of granules by operating the system with a moderate hydraulic selection pressure, which in this system was not the result of a hydraulic upflow pattern, but was provided by migration of biomass and intermittent mechanical mixing. Granules were first noticed after 2 months of operation, and it took another 2 months for a mature granular blanket to develop. Besides granules, approximately 1-cm-long Methanosaeta fibres developed and, after 6 months of operation, 30% of biomass consisted of these fibres. Quantitative membrane hybridization showed that almost all the total 16S rRNA extracted from fibres consisted of 16S rRNA from Methanosaeta concilii. This finding indicates that it was possible to develop pockets consisting almost entirely of an organism with a very limited substrate utilization spectrum (only acetate) in a system that was fed a synthetic wastewater containing acetate, propionate, butyrate and sucrose and that is known for its ability to develop biomass with a complex microbial community structure.
All-optical microscope autofocus based on an electrically tunable lens and a totally internally reflected IR laser (2018)

Microscopic imaging at high spatial-temporal resolution over long time scales (minutes to hours) requires rapid and precise stabilization of the microscope focus. Conventional and commercial autofocus systems are largely based on piezoelectric stages or mechanical objective actuators. Objective to sample distance is either measured by image analysis approaches or by hardware modules measuring the intensity of reflected infrared light. We propose here a truly all-optical microscope autofocus taking advantage of an electrically tunable lens and a totally internally reflected infrared probe beam. We implement a feedback-loop based on the lateral position of a totally internally reflected infrared laser on a quadrant photodetector, as an indicator of the relative defocus. We show here how to treat the combined contributions due to mechanical defocus and deformation of the tunable lens. As a result, the sample can be kept in focus without any mechanical movement, at rates up to hundreds of Hertz. The device requires only reflective optics and can be implemented at a fraction of the cost required for a comparable piezo-based actuator.
Examining axial diffusion of nitric oxide in the lungs using heliox and breath hold (2005)

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is highly dependent on exhalation flow; thus exchange dynamics of NO have been described by multicompartment models and a series of flow-independent parameters that describe airway and alveolar exchange. Because the flow-independent NO airway parameters characterize features of the airway tissue (e.g., wall concentration), they should also be independent of the physical properties of the insufflating gas. We measured the total mass of NO exhaled (A(I,II)) from the airways after five different breath-hold times (5-30 s) in healthy adults (21-38 yr, n = 9) using air and heliox as the insufflating gas, and then modeled A(I,II) as a function of breath-hold time to determine airway NO exchange parameters. Increasing breath-hold time results in an increase in A(I,II) for both air and heliox, but A(I,II) is reduced by a mean (SD) of 31% (SD 6) (P < 0.04) in the presence of heliox, independent of breath-hold time. However, mean (SD) values (air, heliox) for the airway wall diffusing capacity [3.70 (SD 4.18), 3.56 pl.s(-1).ppb(-1) (SD 3.20)], the airway wall concentration [1,439 (SD 487), 1,503 ppb (SD 644>)], and the maximum airway wall flux [4,156 (SD 2,502), 4,412 pl/s (SD 2,906)] using a single-path trumpet-shaped airway model that considers axial diffusion were independent of the insufflating gas (P > 0.55). We conclude that a single-path trumpet model that considers axial diffusion captures the essential features of airway wall NO exchange and confirm earlier reports that the airway wall concentration in healthy adults exceeds 1 ppm and thus approaches physiological concentrations capable of modulating smooth muscle tone.
Contributions of the molecular species to the magnitude of the spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric liquid crystals (1987)

Abstract In certain ferroelectric liquid crystals that contain the biphenylyl moiety, the spontaneous polarization undergoes a change in direction relative to the optical axis of the system as a function of temperature. Consequently, at a characteristic temperature for a particular derivative, the polarization vanishes. A model based on the presence of at least two species, interconvertible via an activation barrier is proposed to explain this extraordinary behaviour of the polarization. It is suggested that these species are most likely identified with the rotational conformers of these materials while they are in their liquid-crystalline states.
Self-Aligned Stylus with High Sphericity for Micro Coordinate Measurement (2007)

This paper presents a mask-free fabrication of styluses with high sphericity for micro coordinate measurement machine (μCMM), a mechanical system using micro-scale contact probes to measure the profile of high-aspect-ratio micro-structures. This new process combines micro-pellet and stylus into one mechanical device. The micro-pellets are self-configured inside aqueous environment in which the surface tension deforms the pellets into prefect spheres. Stylus arrays were patterned by self-aligned waveguides. This process enables the center of the micro-sphere to accurately coincide with the longitudinal axis of stylus and hence the Abbe error for the μCMM can be significantly reduced.
Fiber Bragg Grating for Temperature Monitoring During Medical Radiofrequency Treatments (2016)

In this work, it is proposed the integration of fiber optic sensors with commercial medical instrumentation, for temperature monitoring during tumor radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA) treatments. The heat propagation over the area under treatment is measured by means of a specific configuration, consisting of several Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors properly bounded to the RFTA probe and being positioned close to the region reached by RF electrodes. Our ex-vivo experiments on ex vivo animal liver and kidney, confirm that we were able to monitor in real time the temperature increase during different and consecutive RF discharges performed with the laparoscopic bipolar device Habib 4x, with a temperature resolution of 0.1̊C and a spatial resolution of 5mm.
Ras-driven cancer cells can scavenge exogenous lipids to support their proliferation (2012)

Background Lipids are an important structural component of the cell, making up the cell’s membranes. Cancer cells need lipids in large quantities to enable their rapid proliferation. Here we aim to quantitatively evaluate the routes by which cancer cells acquire lipids (de novo synthesis, uptake from environment) under various conditions (specific oncogenic activations, nutrient availability). We developed a mass spectrometry-based method to quantitate the relative contributions of the various fatty acid acquisition routes and applied this and other methods to study fatty acid metabolism in cell lines, both in vitro and in vivo.
Memory power reduction for the highspeed implementation of turbo codes (2002)

Turbo codes achieve the highest coding gain known and should be the best candidates for error correction in high-speed wireless systems. However, the standard implementation of their decoding standard of their decoding algorithm suffers from a large latency and high power consumption making them improper for mobile interactive systems. To overcome this drawback, we systematically analyzed the maximum a posteriori algorithm, the key-building block of the decoder, and stated that memory accesses are the bottleneck. Therefore, we have systematically optimized the data transfer and storage. This paper presents the main results of this optimization, especially those concerning the memory organization and architecture. This optimization reduces the latency by a factor of 600 and the energy per bit by a factor of 20, allowing turbo codes application in future high-speed mobile systems.
Low Temperature CVD of SiO2 Films Using Novel Precursors (1992)

Novel precursors, hydridospherosiloxanes, for deposition were synthesized for the first time in high yields starting from . This procedure resulted in a mixture of two hydridospherosiloxanes, namely, and . Excellent quality thin films were successfully deposited on single crystal silicon substrates using the above mentioned precursor mixture by chemical vapor deposition. Films were grown on Si substrates at 500°C and at atmospheric pressure using moist oxygen as a coreactant. Auger electron spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analyses showed that the films were stoichiometric . Fourier transform infrared investigation indicated no detectable , OH, or groups in the films. For as‐deposited films, the three characteristic infrared bands of were observed at 1074, 820, and 451 cm−1 whereas, for films which were annealed at 1000°C, these bands shifted to 1085, 804, and 460 cm−1. As‐deposited films showed a refractive index of 1.453 (at a wavelength of 632.8 nm) and after annealing at 1000°C the refractive index increased to 1.458.
Real-time processing of off-axis interferograms: from the camera to the user (2014)

We review new algorithms that have been presented by us lately<sup>1</sup> for fast reconstruction and phase unwrapping of sample wave-fronts recorded using off-axis digital holographic imaging. These algorithms enable reconstruction and phase unwrapping of sample wave-fronts up to 16 times faster than the conventional Fourier-based reconstruction algorithm. The algorithms exploit the compression properties of holographic imaging for decreasing the calculation complexity required for extracting the sample wave-front from the recorded interferogram. Using the presented algorithms, we were able to reconstruct, for the first time, 1 Mega pixels off-axis interferograms in more than 30 frames per second using a standard single-core personal computer on a Matlab-Labview interface, without using a graphic processing-unit programming or parallel computing. This computational speedup is important for real-time visualization, calculation and data extraction for dynamic samples and processes that are evaluated using off-axis digital holography such as biological cell imaging and real-time nondestructive testing.
Tunable Rare Earth <b>fcu</b>-MOF Platform: Access to Adsorption Kinetics Driven Gas/Vapor Separations via Pore Size Contraction (2015)

Reticular chemistry approach was successfully employed to deliberately construct new rare-earth (RE, i.e., Eu(3+), Tb(3+), and Y(3+)) fcu metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with restricted window apertures. Controlled and selective access to the resultant contracted fcu-MOF pores permits the achievement of the requisite sorbate cutoff, ideal for selective adsorption kinetics based separation and/or molecular sieving of gases and vapors. Predetermined reaction conditions that permitted the formation in situ of the 12-connected RE hexanuclear molecular building block (MBB) and the establishment of the first RE-fcu-MOF platform, especially in the presence of 2-fluorobenzoic acid (2-FBA) as a modulator and a structure directing agent, were used to synthesize isostructural RE-1,4-NDC-fcu-MOFs based on a relatively bulkier 2-connected bridging ligand, namely 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate (1,4-NDC). The subsequent RE-1,4-NDC-fcu-MOF structural features, contracted windows/pores and high concentration of open metal sites combined with exceptional hydrothermal and chemical stabilities, yielded notable gas/solvent separation properties, driven mostly by adsorption kinetics as exemplified in this work for n-butane/methane, butanol/methanol, and butanol/water pair systems.