gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly-L-lysine produced by streptomyces. Chemical studies. (1981)

The chemical nature of the Dragendorff-positive substance produced by Streptomyces albulus was investigated. The substance was found to be a homopolymerof L-lysine connected with 25 - 30 residues in an isopeptide linkage. The ε-poly-L-lysine is a unique natural substance not described before now.
All Optical Reversible Multiplexer Design Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (2014)

With the advancements in semiconductor technology, there has been an increased emphasis in low-power design techniques over the last few decades. Reversible computing has been proposed by several researchers as a possible alternative to address the energy dissipation problem. Several implementation alternatives for reversible logic circuits have also been explored in recent years, like adiabatic logic, nuclear magnetic resonance, optical computing, etc. Recently researchers have proposed implementations of various reversible logic circuits in the all-optical computing domain. Most of these works are based on semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which provides desirable features like low power, fast switching and ease of fabrication. In this paper we present an all-optical implementation of a digital multiplexer using MZI switches. Both non-reversible and reversible versions of multiplexer design are proposed, along with analytical evaluation of the design complexities both in terms of delay and resource requirements. The final optical net lists obtained have been compared against traditional reversible synthesis approaches, by using an available synthesis tool and then mapping the reversible gates to MZI switch based implementations. Some techniques for optimizing the final optical net lists have also been proposed. Synthesis results for some reversible benchmark circuits and the standard functions of three variables are also shown.
Reproducibility of peer review in clinical neuroscience: Is agreement between reviewers any greater than would be expected by chance alone? (2000)

We aimed to determine the reproducibility of assessments made by independent reviewers of papers submitted for publication to clinical neuroscience journals and abstracts submitted for presentation at clinical neuroscience conferences. We studied two journals in which manuscripts were routinely assessed by two reviewers, and two conferences in which abstracts were routinely scored by multiple reviewers. Agreement between the reviewers as to whether manuscripts should be accepted, revised or rejected was not significantly greater than that expected by chance [kappa = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.04 to -0.20] for 179 consecutive papers submitted to Journal A, and was poor (kappa = 0.28, 0.12 to 0. 40) for 116 papers submitted to Journal B. However, editors were very much more likely to publish papers when both reviewers recommended acceptance than when they disagreed or recommended rejection (Journal A, odds ratio = 73, 95% CI = 27 to 200; Journal B, 51, 17 to 155). There was little or no agreement between the reviewers as to the priority (low, medium, or high) for publication (Journal A, kappa = -0.12, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.11; Journal B, kappa = 0.27, 0.01 to 0.53). Abstracts submitted for presentation at the conferences were given a score of 1 (poor) to 6 (excellent) by multiple independent reviewers. For each conference, analysis of variance of the scores given to abstracts revealed that differences between individual abstracts accounted for only 10-20% of the total variance of the scores. Thus, although recommendations made by reviewers have considerable influence on the fate of both papers submitted to journals and abstracts submitted to conferences, agreement between reviewers in clinical neuroscience was little greater than would be expected by chance alone.
Regulatory T cells: a review. (2013)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the homeostasis of the immune system and in the modulation of the immune response. Tregs have emerged as key players in the development and maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. Broadly speaking, CD4+ T cells possessing the ability to suppress immune responses can be divided into two types: naturally occurring (nTreg) and inducible (iTreg) or adaptive regulatory cells. Naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4+CD25+ Tregs are a subset of T cells which have immunosuppressive properties and are 5%-10% of the total peripheral CD4+ T cells. In normal conditions, Tregs regulate ongoing immune responses and prevent autoimmunity. Imbalanced function or number of these cells, either enhanced or decreased, might lead to tumour development and autoimmunity, respectively. These cells thus play a major role in autoimmune diseases, transplantation tolerance, infectious diseases, allergic disease and tumour immunity. These natural properties make Tregs attractive tools for novel immunotherapeutic approaches. The in vivo manipulation or depletion of Tregs may help devise effective immunotherapy for patients with cancer, autoimmunity, graftversus-host disease, infectious diseases and allergic diseases. It is crucial to understand the biology of Tregs before attempting therapies, including (i) the injection of expanded Tregs to cure autoimmune disease or prevent graft-versus-host disease or (ii) the depletion or inhibition of Tregs in cancer therapy. Recent findings in murine models and studies in humans have opened new avenues to study the biology of Tregs and their therapeutic potential. This overview provides a framework for integrating these concepts of basic and translational research.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets (2019)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pulmonary disease with a median survival of 2⁻4 years after diagnosis. A significant number of IPF patients have risk factors, such as a history of smoking or concomitant emphysema, both of which can predispose the patient to lung cancer (LC) (mostly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)). In fact, IPF itself increases the risk of LC development by 7% to 20%. In this regard, there are multiple common genetic, molecular, and cellular processes that connect lung fibrosis with LC, such as myofibroblast/mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast activation and uncontrolled proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alterations of growth factors expression, oxidative stress, and large genetic and epigenetic variations that can predispose the patient to develop IPF and LC. The current approved IPF therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are also active in LC. In fact, nintedanib is approved as a second line treatment in NSCLC, and pirfenidone has shown anti-neoplastic effects in preclinical studies. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in the development of LC in patients with IPF as well as in current IPF and LC-IPF candidate therapies based on novel molecular advances.
Effects of artificial defects on the electrical transport of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2002)

We have investigated the effect of defects on the electrical transport properties of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The defects are artificially induced by ion implantation and by deforming the SWNT with the SiO2 film deposited on it. Both defects are observed to act as gate-tunable electron scatters. With the dual gate structure, it is also shown that the scattering strength by the defect at a given back-gate voltage can be tuned by adjusting the top gate.
Broad-band millimeter-wave upconversion by nonlinear photodetection using a waveguide p-i-n photodiode (1998)

We propose and demonstrate the nonlinear photodetection technique for broad-band fiber-optic millimeter-wave distribution systems. An unmodulated millimeter-wave carrier and intermediate frequency (IF) signals on separate optical carriers are delivered to a single photodetector, where they are O/E converted and mixed simultaneously to generate radio frequency (RF) signals. It is demonstrated that a mixing bandwidth broader than 2 GHz and a spurious-free dynamic range higher than 90-dB/spl middot/Hz/sup 2/3/ are achieved for millimeter-wave frequency at 66 GHz. In the experiment, the nonlinear photodetection is realized by using a commercially available waveguide p-i-n photodiode under its saturation condition.
Synthesizable wide range DPWM with all-digital PLL for digitally-controlled switching converter (2011)

This paper proposes a synthesizable digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM) architecture, which combines conventional hybrid DPWM with all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) schemes. The digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) of the ADPLL shares hardware with the delay line in the hybrid DPWM to reduce cost. The ADPLL allows the proposed DPWM to accurately calibrate its operating frequency (i.e., the switching frequency) to counteract the delay lines' process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) effects in a wide frequency range. An FPGA prototype DPWM and its associated digitally controlled buck converter system are implemented to verify the proposed architecture.
Counter-Regulation of Opioid Analgesia by Glial-Derived Bioactive Sphingolipids (2010)

The clinical efficacy of opiates for pain control is severely limited by analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia. Herein we show that chronic morphine upregulates both the sphingolipid ceramide in spinal astrocytes and microglia, but not neurons, and spinal sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the end-product of ceramide metabolism. Coadministering morphine with intrathecal administration of pharmacological inhibitors of ceramide and S1P blocked formation of spinal S1P and development of hyperalgesia and tolerance in rats. Our results show that spinally formed S1P signals at least in part by (1) modulating glial function because inhibiting S1P formation blocked increased formation of glial-related proinflammatory cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1βα, and interleukin-6, which are known modulators of neuronal excitability, and (2) peroxynitrite-mediated posttranslational nitration and inactivation of glial-related enzymes (glutamine synthetase and the glutamate transporter) known to play critical roles in glutamate neurotransmission. Inhibitors of the ceramide metabolic pathway may have therapeutic potential as adjuncts to opiates in relieving suffering from chronic pain.
The Drosophila kinesin-like protein KLP3A is a midbody component required for central spindle assembly and initiation of cytokinesis. (1995)

We describe here a new member of the kinesin superfamily in Drosophila, KLP3A (Kinesin-Like-Protein-at-3A). The KLP3A protein localizes to the equator of the central spindle during late anaphase and telophase of male meiosis. Mutations in the KLP3A gene disrupt the interdigitation of microtubules in spermatocyte central spindles. Despite this defect, anaphase B spindle elongation is not obviously aberrant. However, cytokinesis frequently fails after both meiotic divisions in mutant testes. Together, these findings strongly suggest that the KLP3A presumptive motor protein is a critical component in the establishment or stabilization of the central spindle. Furthermore, these results imply that the central spindle is the source of signals that initiate the cleavage furrow in higher cells.
A Sub-1.0V 20nm 5Gb/s/pin post-LPDDR3 I/O interface with Low Voltage-Swing Terminated Logic and adaptive calibration scheme for mobile application (2013)

A 5Gbp/s mobile memory I/O interface at sub-1.0V supply voltage with Low Voltage-Swing Terminated Logic (LVSTL) using a VSSQ (Ground) termination and an adaptive reference voltage calibration scheme is presented. Power efficiency is 2.4mW/Gbps/pin in 20nm mobile DRAM process, which is 44% lower value than that of LPDDR3.
Preparation of Fermented Mulberry Beverage by Weissella cibaria (2014)

For prepration of fermented mulberry beverage by lactic acid bacteria, one strain was isolated from mulberry fruit. The strain has high fructose utilization ability and was identified as Weisella cibaria by 16S rRNA sequence analysis with 99.8% identity. The strain was named as W. cibaria JP0080. W. cibaria JP0080 was inoculated in the diluted mulberry fruit juice (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) with final 1% sugar concentration. The strain reached the log phase within 2 hours and the stationary phase within eight hours with viable cell count of 2.21×1010~2.14×1011 CFU/mL. It showed the strain can be growth rapidly in diluted mulberry fruit juice. The pH was rapidly decreased during fermentation from 4.9 (before fermentation) to 4.03 (2 hour) and 3.59 (6 hour). Undiluted mulberry juice showed highest acidity level independently fructose addition and more diluted mulberry juice showed less acidity after fermentation. For sensory test, 9% fructose was added in fermemted mulberry juice and performed filtration. The results of overall preference showed that no significant difference while fermendted 10% juice showed significantly low. After 12 hour fermentation of diluted mulberry juice (20%) showed slightly decreasing of isoquercitrin concentration from 1.06 to 0.89 mg/L, while quercetin concentration was increased from 0.75 to 1.05 mg/L. To conclude, 20% mulberry juice is ideal material for develpoment of mulberry fermented beverage.
Error detecting multiple block (d,k) codes (1989)

The authors present a construction for two families of error detecting multiple block (d,k) codes. The first family has the ability to detect when encoded blocks have become offset in time by a single bit cell, while the second family has the ability to detect when a one in an encoded block is misdetected and appears in an adjacent bit cell. The authors present sub-block constructions for the two families of error detecting (d,k) codes and maximize the code rate over the set of all legitimate (d,k) codes formed from single and multiple sub-blocks. It is noted that, for both families of error detection codes, the construction is able to retain over half of the (d,k) sequences of a given length usable in a non-error-detecting block code. Therefore, using this construction, a non-error-detecting (d,k) block code which encodes m binary bits to an average of n channel bits can be converted to an error detecting (d,k) block with a rate loss of at most 1/n.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived-Cardiomyocytes (2016)

Doxorubicin is a highly efficacious anti-cancer drug but causes cardiotoxicity in many patients. The mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) remain incompletely understood. We investigated the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of DIC in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). We found that doxorubicin causes dose-dependent increases in apoptotic and necrotic cell death, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased intracellular calcium concentration. We characterized genome-wide changes in gene expression caused by doxorubicin using RNA-seq, as well as electrophysiological abnormalities caused by doxorubicin with multi-electrode array technology. Finally, we show that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of TOP2B, a gene implicated in DIC in mouse studies, significantly reduces the sensitivity of hPSC-CMs to doxorubicin-induced double stranded DNA breaks and cell death. These data establish a human cellular model of DIC that recapitulates many of the cardinal features of this adverse drug reaction and could enable screening for protective agents against DIC as well as assessment of genetic variants involved in doxorubicin response.
Solar Powered Dehumidification Systems Using Desert Evaporative Coolers: Review (2013)

This paper gives a detailed account of the general features of the major desiccant regeneration techniques and configurations of the related systems; meanwhile, attention has been paid to both technological development of solar powered regenerator, which is a key component of the liquid-desiccant dehumidification system. Studies to improve the system performance have been discussed. Benefits and conditions of the use of liquid desiccant for dehumidification purposes have been stated. It is clear from the survey that the desiccant dehumidification is more energy-efficient compared with the conventional vapor compression system. Moreover, new configurations of the solar regenerator, to improve the system performance, have been demonstrated. Some new hybrid systems that greatly expand the desiccant in residential applications, as well as effectively promoting the single system's performance, are also introduced.
Autonomous Grasping of a Space Robot Multisensory Gripper (2006)

Most robot grippers can hardly be applied to space service due to their devoid of the ability of outputting large force, autonomously making decision and sensing the environment. In this paper, a space underactuated gripper which can stably grasp various objects based on fewer actuators, large force and autonomous decision and multisensory information feedback is introduced. Firstly, the versatile grasping patterns of the gripper with characteristics of underactuation are presented. The multiple sensors are mounted on the gripper including PVDF contact force sensors, a line structure light sensor which detects grasped object approximate shape and volume, and a wrist force sensor which detects the grasped object mass. Secondly, autonomous grasping which is characterized by autonomous decision-making and control is focused on. Control strategies are also proposed to make proper prosthetics and stable grasping according to force sensors information. The grasping rules are extracted from original experiment sample data. Through fuzzy neural network, grasping map is established among comprehensive fuzzy features, including grasping task and object features, and the grasping patterns. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the gripper can achieve autonomous and stable grasping
Hey, I~m over here - How can a robot attract people~s attention? (2006)

This paper describes how sonar sensors can be used to recognize human movements. The robot distinguishes objects from humans by assuming that only people move by themselves. Two methods using either rules or hidden Markov models are described. The robot classifies different movements to provide a basis for judging if a person is interested in an interaction. A comparison of two experiment results is presented. The use of orienting cues by the robot in response to detected human movement for eliciting interaction is also studied.
A parameter partial-sharing CNN architecture for cross-domain clothing retrieval (2016)

Cross-domain clothing retrieval is a challenging task due to significant differences between online shop images taken in controlled conditions of clean backgrounds, good lighting, and fixed poses, and street photos captured in uncontrollable conditions. In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated its effectiveness for various computer vision problems including image retrieval. There are two mainstream CNNs based models addressing image retrieval tasks: triplet network models [1] and siamese network models [2]. In this paper, we first make a thorough comparison between the two types of models, and investigate the impact of different domain adaptation schemes including parameter sharing, non-sharing, and a new partial-sharing strategy between the street domain and the shop domain. Extensive experiments have revealed that the proposed partial-sharing scheme is able to reduce the number of parameters by a significant margin, while achieving comparable retrieval accuracy as the state-of-the-art scheme using triplet loss with non-sharing parameters.
Both ongoing suppression and clonal elimination contribute to graft-host tolerance after transplantation of HLA mismatched T cell-depleted marrow for severe combined immunodeficiency. (1990)

Lymphocytes from children with severe combined immunodeficiency who had been immunologically reconstituted with haploidentical T cell-depleted bone marrow were analyzed with regard to their immunologic recognition of donor, host, or third party alloantigens. When compared with freshly isolated donor lymphocytes, the engrafted donor cells exhibited markedly reduced to absent responses toward host Ag in primary or secondary MLC and cell-mediated lympholysis assays. However, under limiting dilution conditions, cytotoxic responses to host Ag could be demonstrated, indicating that small numbers of host reactive cells were present, although down-regulated at high responder cell doses. These results are consistent with prior observations in limiting dilution cultures that indicate that cells with the potential to lyse autologous target cells exist in the peripheral blood of all normal individuals. The number of host reactive cells present in these patients is significantly less than that present in cells isolated directly from the marrow donors, and is also less than the number of autocytotoxic cells normally seen in peripheral blood. Together, these observations indicate that two mechanisms contribute to donor host tolerance in these patients. The majority of host reactive cells appear to have undergone clonal deletion or inactivation, whereas the small residual host-reactive population appears to be under ongoing immunoregulatory control.
An Embedded System for Position and Speed Measurement Adopting Incremental Encoders (2008)

This paper presents an embedded digital system for incremental encoders allowing for high dynamic performance and accuracy speed measurement in all the operating conditions for the application in digital servo drives. The idea aims at embedding processing capabilities inside traditional position transducers in order to develop a smart measuring system. The base processing algorithm employs a novel mixed time and frequency measurement technique of the encoder signals. The iterative formulation of the algorithm and the limited hardware requirements allows its implementation by means of a standard microcontroller (e.g., TMS320F24x) or by dedicated hardware. Communication between the smart sensor and the servo drive is preliminarily realized via high-speed serial peripheral interface.
Diamond: a material for acoustic devices (2008)

Abstract Diamond has been foreseen to replace silicon for high power, high frequency electronic applications or for devices that operates in harsh environments. However, diamond electronic devices are still in the laboratory stage due to the lack of large substrates and the complexity of diamond doping. On another hand, surface acoustic wave filters based on diamond are commercially available. Diamond is especially suited for acoustic applications because of its exceptional mechanical properties. The other properties of diamond such as bio‐inertness and chemical stability certainly make of diamond a key material for the next generation of acoustic sensors. In this article, we try to detail the interest of diamond films in composite acoustic applications and review the different type of acoustic devices/sensors. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)