gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Certolizumab Pegol in Plaque Psoriasis: Considerations for Pregnancy. (2021)

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin condition which commonly affects women of childbearing age. Certolizumab pegol (CZP) is an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNFα) agent that has demonstrated long-term safety and efficacy in treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Previously, there has been limited safety data surrounding its use in pregnancy. The objective of this article is to review pivotal clinical trial data for CZP and explore safety considerations for this agent in pregnancy. This review demonstrates that CZP offers a safe and effective treatment option for women during childbearing years based on pharmacokinetics and available safety data. The observed occurrence of major congenital malformations and miscarriages appears to be no greater than the background occurrence of those in the general population, and risks to the mother are minimal based on its known safety profile. The use of CZP for treatment of plaque psoriasis should be considered and discussed with patients considering childbearing or whom are currently pregnant or breastfeeding.
Tuning the coalesced hashing method to obtain optimum performance (1980)

This paper analyzes the coalesced hashing method, in which a portion of memory (called the address region) serves as the range of the hash function while the rest of memory (called the cellar) is devoted solely to storing records that collide when inserted. If the cellar should get full, subsequent colliders must be stored in empty slots in the address region and, thus, may cause later collisions. Varying the relative size of the cellar affects search performance. The main result of this paper expresses the average search times as a function of the number of records and the cellar size, solving the long-standing open problem described in [Knu73, §6.4-43]. We use these formulas to pick the cellar size that leads to optimum search performance and then show that this "tuned" method is competitive with several well-known hashing schemes.
MEMS-based plasmon infrared emitter with hexagonal hole arrays perforated in the Al-SiO<sub>2</sub>-Si structure (2011)

A micro-machined plasmon infrared emitter with hexagonal hole arrays perforated in the Al/SiO2/Si structure is presented. The silicon-on-insulator wafer was employed to fabricate the hexagonal photonic crystal infrared emitters using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. The Al/SiO2/Si structure perforated with periodic hexagonal hole arrays was resistively heated using direct-current voltage to active the boron-doped silicon membranes. The electrical characteristics and emission spectrum of infrared emitters under different excited voltage conditions were measured. Additionally, the reflection, transmission and absorption of light were also characterized to reveal the mechanism of narrowband-enhanced emission. The experimental results indicate that the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) caused by the diffraction of the thermal radiation impinge on the metal–dielectric grating and play an essential role in the extraordinary optical transmission and enhanced emission of subwavelength hole arrays. The constructive interference between the thermal radiation and the SPPs enriches the emission spectrum on the condition that the phase match relation is satisfied. It is demonstrated from the measured results of modulation performance and thermal imaging of emitters that the thickness of membranes and the thermal isolation between membranes and supporting frame structure have a significant influence on the modulation rate, emission intensity and the suppression of the background emission.
Involvement of DNA methylation in the control of the expression of an estrogen-induced breast-cancer-associated protein (pS2) in human breast cancers (1997)

pS2 gene has been used to investigate the relationship between alterations of DNA methylation patterns in human tumors and gene expression. The expression of pS2, which is transcriptionally controlled by estrogens in breast cancer cell lines, is restricted to estrogen-receptor-rich human breast tumors. We found that the CCGG site within the promoter/enhancer sequence of pS2 was hypomethylated in estrogen-receptor-rich breast tumors expressing this gene. The amount of DNA molecules unmethylated at this site was related to the amount of pS2 mRNA detected in the samples. The demethylation of this region, which contains the estrogen responsive element, was confirmed by genomic sequencing. Transient expression of functional human estrogen receptors stimulated the expression of the endogenous pS2 in HeLa cells, but failed, in BT-20 cells, to stimulate expression of this gene. Since the promoter/enhancer region of pS2 is unmethylated in HeLa cells and methylated in BT-20 cells, these data also support the hypothesis that DNA methylation might be involved in the control of pS2 expression.
Electron-Beam-Addressed Microchannel Spatial Light Modulator (1985)

A vacuum-demountable prototype electron-beam-addressed spatial light modulator that consists essentially of an electron gun, a microchannel plate, and an electro-optic crystal is being investigated. This paper discusses the underlying principles of operation of the device, which include the interaction of an electron beam with a microchannel plate and the addressing of an electro-optic crystal with a flux of nonmonoenergetic electrons.
Specific Effects of 4-Morpholine-N,N'-dicyclohexylcarboxamidine as a Catalyst for the Alkylation and Phosphorylation of Ribonucleosides by a Two-step Phosphorylating Agent, MTBO: Its Application to the Synthesis of Cytokinin-like Nucleotides. (1991)

Anexamination of amines as catalysts for the first-step phosphorylation of nucleosides by a two-step phosphorylating agent, 2-methylthio-4//-l,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin 2-oxide (MTBO, 2), revealed that, in the presence of 4-morpholine-7V,/V'-dicyclohexylcarboxaniidine (MDC, 3) as the catalyst, MTBO phosphorylates and 0-hydroxybenzylates adenosine borate complex (l) to give l-(0-hydroxybenzyl)adenosine 5'-iS'-methyl phosphorothiolate (5), with subsequent Dimroth rearrangement to give A^6-(o-hydroxybenzyl)adenosine S'-S-methyl phosphorothiolate (6).
Speech enhancement using non-linear prediction (2002)

Describes a method for speech enhancement using multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) configured for time domain non-linear prediction (NLP) as originally proposed by Kaouri and Lin (1988) and Tamura and Waibel (1988). In addition, the authors present details of the influence of the non-linear operations compared directly with the linear case. Experimental results show that nonlinear MLPs provide better performances than linear equivalent systems. Results also show that MLPs with a multi-output structure give improved performances over MLPs with single-output structure and normalisation can affect MLPs performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stages in Digital Business Transformation: Results of an Empirical Maturity Study (2016)

Managers and decision makers need to transform their organizational routines and structures to meet the challenges of the digital age. Even though organizational change is by no means a new topic, many companies struggle to recognize and make sense of the often very disruptive changes affecting all industries. In order to foster an understanding of the phenomenon and the development of a digital transformation strategy, this research derives typical stages in a digital business transformation process from empirical data. The nine dimensions of the digital maturity model (DMM) provide a more profound understanding of the relevant levers for managing digital transformation. The DMM was implemented together with a survey of 547 individuals from 417 organizations in Switzerland and Germany. Based on the survey data, we used the Rasch-algorithm and cluster analysis to derive five maturity stages. The findings show that while digital affinity and experimenting with digital technology are already prevalent in companies, a strategically planned transformation and usage of advanced data analytics in business processes are less common. The results from this study yield insights into how activities in digital business transformation are currently tackled and prioritized and thus con-tribute to the body of knowledge about organizational transformation.
Migraine aura without headache: prevalence and risk factors in a primary eye care population. (2000)

The prevalence of MAWOH is higher in an adult primary eye care population than previously reported in a general population study.
How are arrhythmias detected by implanted cardiac devices managed in Europe? Results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey (2015)

The management of arrhythmias detected by implantable cardiac devices can be challenging. There are no formal international guidelines to inform decision-making. The purpose of this European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey was to assess the management of various clinical scenarios among members of the EHRA electrophysiology research network. There were 49 responses to the questionnaire. The survey responses were mainly (81%) from medium-high volume device implanting centres, performing more than 200 total device implants per year. Clinical scenarios were described focusing on four key areas: the implantation of pacemakers for bradyarrhythmia detected on an implantable loop recorder (ILR), the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmia detected by an ILR or pacemaker, the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with pacemakers and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices and the management of ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
EphA Receptors Direct the Differentiation of Mammalian Neural Precursor Cells through a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-dependent Pathway (2004)

Ephrins are cell surface-associated ligands for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and are implicated in repulsive axon guidance and cell migration. EphA2, 3, and 4 receptors and one of their cognate ligands, ephrin-A2, are expressed by cells in the subventricular zone and ganglionic eminence of the embryonic day 14.5 telencephalon and by neural precursor cells in vitro. Activation of EphA receptors in dissociated neural precursor cells in vitro facilitates the commitment to neuronal fates. The majority of ephrin-A1-induced neurons is immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase. Blocking the signal by the extracellular domain of EphA in forebrain slices results in a decrease in neurogenesis. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase is activated by the ligand binding to EphA receptors and is involved in the neurogenesis through EphA receptors. Rap1, but not Ras, is activated in response to ephrin-A1. Our results identify EphA receptors as positive regulators of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway that exerts neurogenesis of neural precursor cells from the developing central nervous system.
Heparins and Venous Thromboembolism: Current Practice and Future Directions (2001)

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) in adjusted doses and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) in fixed doses are the chosen therapy for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism. The use of UFH protocols ensures that virtually all patients will promptly achieve the therapeutic range for the activated partial thromboplastin time. However, proper use of UFH requires considerable expertise, can cause inconvenience and has limitations. Unmonitored therapy with subcutaneous LMWH is at least as effective and safe as adjusted-dose UFH, is associated with a considerable reduction of mortality in cancer patients, and permits the treatment of suitable patients in an outpatient setting. LMWH in high prophylactic doses is more effective than UFH and oral anticoagulants for prevention of postoperative venous thrombosis in major orthopedic surgery. Whether thromboprophylaxis should be continued for a few additional weeks after hospital discharge is controversial. LMWH and UFH are equally effective for prevention of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis in cancer patients. In a recent controlled randomized trial, enoxaparin in high prophylactic doses was an effective and safe measure of thromboprophylaxis in ordinary bedridden patients. The efficacy and safety of pentasaccharide (the smallest antithrombin binding sequence of heparin) in the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic disorders is currently under investigation.
Use of Thiols as Protecting Ligands in Reflective Surface Films of Silver Nanoparticles (2008)

We report the preparation of metal liquid-like films (MELLFs) of silver nanoparticles stabilized by thiolate surface ligands. These surface films, composed of particles with diameters of about 100 nm, are highly reflective and can be employed in the fabrication of liquid mirrors. A number of different thiols are considered as stabilizing ligands, including alkanethiols, aromatic thiols and dithiols. Under identical preparation conditions, some lead to the spontaneous formation of reflective surface films, whereas others do not. Shorter chain alkanethiols (C2 to C8), thiophene and thiophenol are found to be effective whereas longer chain alkanethiols (C10 and C12) and short dithiols (C2 and C3) do not produce reflective films. Ethanethiol and propanethiol protected particles form surface films with reflectivities in the near-IR that surpass those of a previous generation of MELLFs prepared with 1,10-dimethylphenanthroline as the ligand. This enhanced reflectivity is attributed to a more closely packed nanoparticle film with a higher metal volume fraction. The closer proximity of the particles, however, leads to enhanced coupling of their surface plasmon resonance and increased absorption in the visible region of the spectrum. Short chain dithiols do not produce MELLFs but rather provoke particle aggregation. In the case of 1,2-ethanedithiol, the particles are found to precipitate in a continuous organic matrix, presumably caused by oxidative polymerization of the dithiol to a polydisulfide. Finally, preliminary investigations indicate that a large variety of organic solvants can be employed in the preparation of thiol protected MELLFs.
Design and construction of road and bridge with GQF-MZL's expansion and contraction installment (2010)

The telescopic devices of road bridge are the most vulnerable to damage and hardest to repair the site in the bridge structure. Once damages are coming out, it will not only result in driving discomfort,but also damage the main structure of the bridge and affect the normal use of the bridge. Thus,it is causing a certain degree of economic losses and social impacts. This paper describes the various span of the telescopic devices to adapt to the different structure and characteristics,and the basic requirements for design and construction of bridge telescopic devices. Briefly,it introduced the method of calculation of bridge telescopic devices and the principle of selection. Emphatically, it describes the module-type bridge telescopic devices construction technology. This engaged in bridge design and construction for the work of technical officers.
Electrochemical doping with meso-tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl)-porphyrincobalt of a polypyrrole film electrode (1983)

A polypyrrole film electrode in which meso-tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrincobalt is electrochemically doped as the counter anion shows excellent catalytic activity for the cathodic reduction of oxygen.
Online annotation of airborne surveillance and reconnaissance videos (2022)

S.1131-1138
Intracellular metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (2001)

Over the past 10 years, many advances have been made in our understanding of the intravascular metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. It is now known that the complex extracellular interactions of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-associated apolipoprotein E, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase with heparan sulfate proteoglycans and lipoprotein receptors facilitate the hepatocellular uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Recent studies have also revealed that the intracellular fate of internalized triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is highly complex. The dissociation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein components within intracellular endosomal compartments involves the recycling of apolipoprotein E, whereas the remaining lipid core associated with apolipoprotein B is susceptible to lysosomal degradation. Apolipoprotein E recycling is an important newly discovered feature of lipoprotein metabolism, and will be discussed in the context of its intracellular transport mechanisms and cholesterol efflux. Current concepts concerning its potential relevance with regard to lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis will also be discussed.
Pbn1p: An essential endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein required for protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum of budding yeast (2006)

PBN1 was identified as a gene required for production of protease B (PrB) activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PBN1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized, type I membrane glycoprotein and is essential for cell viability. To study the essential function(s) of Pbn1p, we constructed a strain with PBN1 under control of the GAL promoter. Depletion of Pbn1p in this strain abrogates processing of the ER precursor forms of PrB, Gas1p, and Pho8p. Depletion of Pbn1p does not affect exit of proprotease A or procarboxypeptidase Y from the ER, indicating that Pbn1p is not required for global exit from the ER. Depleting Pbn1p leads to a significant increase in the unfolded protein response pathway, accompanied by an expansion of bulk ER membrane, indicating that there is a defect in protein folding in the ER. pbn1-1, a nonlethal allele of PBN1, displays synthetic lethality with the ero1-1 allele (ERO1 is required for oxidation in the ER) and synthetic growth defects with the cne1Delta allele (CNE1 encodes calnexin). ER-associated degradation of a lumenal substrate, CPY*, is blocked in the absence of Pbn1p. These results suggest that Pbn1p is required for proper folding and/or the stability of a subset of proteins in the ER. Thus, Pbn1p is an essential chaperone-like protein in the ER of yeast.
The use of interleaving for reducing noisy reference loss in trellis-coded modulation systems (1990)

The use of interleaving/deinterleaving in trellis-coded modulation systems to reduce the SNR loss due to imperfect carrier demodulation references is demonstrated. Both the discrete carrier (phase-locked loop) and the suppressed carrier (Costas loop) cases are considered, and the differences between the two are clearly demonstrated by numerical results. The special case of convolutional codes is also treated and illustrated with an example of practical interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Construction of a cloned library of adenovirus DNA fragments in bacteriophage M13. (1983)

The construction of recombinant M13 phages containing adenovirus DNA inserts was undertaken to provide strand-specific hybridization probes for analyses of adenovirus type 2 RNA transcripts. A library of molecular probes was constructed by cloning restriction endonuclease fragments of adenovirus types 2 and 5 DNA in the duplex replicative form DNA of the single-stranded bacteriophage vectors, M13mp7, M13mp8, and M13mp9 (Messing, J., and Vieira, J. (1982) Gene 19,269-276). Adenovirus DNA segments from early, intermediate, and late gene regions, accounting for at least 95% of the adenovirus chromosome, have been cloned in both possible orientations using these M13 derivatives as vectors. DNA cloned into these vectors can readily be obtained in a circular single-stranded form directly from mature phage particles. The cloned DNA fragments have been oriented and further characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping and hybridization with 32P-labeled adenovirus DNA. The polarity and fidelity of the adenovirus DNA in the recombinant phages has been confirmed by hybridization with labeled adenovirus 2 early and late mRNA. Restriction endonuclease analyses of M13 clones containing adenovirus DNA inserts spanning genome coordinates 31.7-56.9 have indicated that the relative locations of some restriction coordinates located within this region do not correspond to the mapped restriction sites in the DNA of adenovirus 2. Potential uses for these M13 clones in studies of adenovirus gene expression are discussed.
Motion estimation using a complex-valued wavelet transform (1998)

This paper describes a new motion estimation algorithm that is potentially useful for both computer vision and video compression applications. It is hierarchical in structure, using a separable two-dimensional (2-D) discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on each frame to efficiently construct a multiresolution pyramid of subimages. The DWT is based on a complex-valued pair of four-tap FIR filters with Gabor-like characteristics. The resulting complex DWT (CDWT) effectively implements an analysis by an ensemble of Gabor-like filters with a variety of orientations and scales. The phase difference between the subband coefficients of each frame at a given subpel bears a predictable relation to a local translation in the region of the reference frame subtended by that subpel. That relation is used to estimate the displacement field at the coarsest scale of the multiresolution pyramid. Each estimate is accompanied by a directional confidence measure in the form of the parameters of a quadratic matching surface. The initial estimate field is progressively refined by a coarse-to fine strategy in which finer scale information is appropriately incorporated at each stage. The accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the new algorithm are demonstrated in comparison testing against hierarchical implementations of intensity gradient-based and fractional-precision block matching motion estimators.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Smoking: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies (2008)

Abstract Background: The incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) has followed a sustained increasing pattern for the last few decades. Potential factors implicated in developing an increased risk for NHL include immunosuppression, bacterial, and viral infections. The pathological heterogeneity of NHL suggests multifactorial etiologies. Several reports around the world have linked lifestyle habits to the development of NHL, but thus far, the relationship between smoking and NHL has been largely inconclusive. Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to clarify the potential relationship between smoking and the development of NHL. Methods: An English literature search was conducted using Pubmed of case-control studies investigating the relationship between smoking and development of NHL. Prospective studies, case reports, editorials and letters were not included. Data were gathered including the following variables: country of origin, source of cases and controls, number of female/male cases and controls, adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for former and current smokers, divided by male/female when available, and adjustments. Effect measures were obtained trough fixed and random-effects models to assess for heterogeneity. Results: Eighteen case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 22,226 cases and 30,792 controls were finally analyzed. Based on our meta-analysis, former smokers had an OR of 1.02 (95% CI, 0.92 – 1.12) when compared to never smokers; heterogeneity between studies was evident (p &lt; 0.001; I2 = 75.3%). Current smokers, on the other hand, had an OR of 1.06 (95% CI, 1.00 – 1.14); some degree of heterogeneity was observed (p = 0.04; I2 = 41.1%). Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this meta-analysis, current smokers seem to have small but statistically significant increase in the risk of developing NHL. Clinically speaking, smoking may be a non-negligible risk factor for developing NHL. Although a causal relationship will be hard to prove, further research is needed to clarify the potential role of smoking in lymphomagenesis.