gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybridoma antibodies against protective and nonprotective antigenic determinants of a structurally defined polypeptide fragment of streptococcal M protein. (1982)

Hybridoma technology was used to produce a set of monoclonal antibodies against a purified polypeptide fragment of type 24 streptococcal M protein to delineate the protective determinants of M protein exposed on the surface of the virulent streptococci. Several hybridoma antibodies were found to be opsonic against the homologous type streptococci. At least two of these antibodies (IIC3.7 and IIC4.6) protected mice against challenge infections with the homologous, but not a heterologous, serotype of bacteria. One of the hybridoma antibodies that reacted in high dilution (1:204,800) with the isolated M protein failed to react with the M protein on the surface of type 24 streptococci, and thus did not opsonize the homologous organisms or protect mice against challenge infections. Because hybridoma antibodies are directed against a single distinct immunodeterminant, these results indicate that protective immunity may be directed at any one of several distinct antigenic determinants of M protein exposed on the surface of virulent group A streptococci.
Brassinosteroid Signaling: A Paradigm for Steroid Hormone Signaling from the Cell Surface (2006)

Plants use the coordinated action of several small-molecule hormones to grow and develop optimally in response to a changing environment. Among these hormones are the brassinosteroids (BRs), the polyhydroxylated steroid hormones of plants. BRs bind a small family of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases at the cell surface, thereby initiating an intracellular signal transduction cascade that results in the altered expression of hundreds of genes.
Flowfield Effects on Distributed Combustion for Clean Gas Turbines (2013)

Swirling distributed combustion has been shown to offer substantial performance improvement of gas turbine combustors with uniform thermal field in the entire combustion chamber (improved pattern factor), ultra-low emission of NO x and CO, low noise, enhanced stability, fuel flexibility and higher efficiency. Critical factors in achieving distributed combustion are controlled mixture preparation and flame anchoring prevention. Controlled mixing between the injected air, fuel and hot reactive gases from within the combustor prior to mixture ignition is vital. The mixing process impacts spontaneous ignition of the mixture to effect improved distributed combustion reactions. Near Zero emissions of NO and CO have been demonstrated using methane under distributed combustion conditions at heat release intensities of 22-36 MW/m 3 -atm, that are commensurable to current stationary gas turbine applications. In this paper, distributed combustion is further investigated to achieve distributed reaction conditions through variation of air injection velocities with emphasis on pollutants emission and combustor performance. The isothermal flow field is examined using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to determine key features associated with the flowfield that emanate from change in injection velocity. The obtained flow field characteristics are coupled with combustor performance in terms of pollutants emission and stability. Results obtained from isothermal PIV experiments showed that higher injection velocity offered higher recirculation ratio inside the combustor with overall higher turbulence. Measured pollutants emission demonstrated that increase in injection velocity decreased NO emissions by some 20%-48% with minimal impact on CO emission. Near distributed combustion conditions with less than 4 PPM NO was demonstrated with an injection velocity of 46 m/s at a heat release intensity of 31.5 MW/m 3 -atm at rather high equivalence ratio of 0.7 using standard inlet air temperature. NO emission was decreased by 20% to 3.2 PPM at high injection velocity under the same operating conditions. Up to 48% reduction in NO emission was also demonstrated under preheated inlet air conditions where the injection velocity was further increased to result in 2 PPM NO at an equivalence ratio of 0.5. Further reduction of NO x is expected with improved distributed combustion condition.
Novel Polyanionic Solid Electrolytes with Weak Coulomb Traps and Controllable Caps and Spacers (2001)

New chain polymers that contain weakly coordinating anionic groups at controllable anionic separations in a polyether backbone are described. The anions are mono-diacyl-capped orthoborate moieties. In this paper, the polyanionic electrolytes with mono-oxalato-capped and mono-malonato-capped orthoborate structures (called “polyMOBs” and “polyMMBs”, respectively) are presented. After optimizing the anion separation, the conductivities of these lithium ion conducting polyanionic electrolytes are found to be high relative to those of most “dry” single-ion-conducting polymer electrolytes. A maximum ambient conductivity of almost 10-5 S cm-1 has been obtained for a solid polyMOB with 14 ethyleneoxy repeating units. The electrochemical “window” for these materials is in excess of 4.5 V. As prepared here, the polyMOB materials (but not the polyMMBs) contain some residual lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) as a side-product, which can be reduced but so far has not been eliminated. The effect of LiBOB content on conductivity is small, but it may cause the lithium ion transport number to be less than 1.0. These inexpensive, benign materials should be very suitable as electrolytes for electrochemical devices requiring single-ion conduction.
Isolation and Characterization of the rpoA Gene of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (1998)

Abstract: The M. tuberculosis rpoA gene, encoding the a subunit of RNA polymerase, was isolated by a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy using primers directed against regions of a that are highly conserved among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The amplified DNA was utilized as a hybridization probe to recover the entire rpoA gene from a cosmid library of genomic DNA from virulent M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Nucleotide sequencing indicated that the 1044 bp M. tuberculosis rpoA open reading frame (ORF) encodes a protein of 347 amino acids which shows significant structural similarity to the a subunits of diverse bacterial species. Recombinant M. tuberculosis a subunit was overproduced in soluble form in E. coli as a hexahistidine-tagged fusion protein and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography.
Identification and analysis of the antigens detected by two commercial Bacillus cereus diarrheal enterotoxin immunoassay kits (1994)

The usefulness of two commercial immunoassays for the detection of diarrheal enterotoxin of Bacillus cereus is unclear because the identity of the enterotoxin(s) has not been proven and the kits detect different proteins. We found that the Bacillus cereus Enterotoxin-Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination kit (Oxoid) detects the L2 component from hemolysin BL, and the Bacillus Diarrhoeal Enterotoxin Visual Immunoassay (Tecra) detects two apparently nontoxic proteins.
Surface Chemical Displacement of Organic Liquids from Solid Surfaces<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Chemical Displacement of Organic Liquids from Solid Surfaces1Marianne K. Bernett and W. A. ZismanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 4, 1064–1075Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100876a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100876a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and in Vivo Properties of 3,4-Dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrido[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyrazin-2-ones as Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is the primary regulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, coordinating the endocrine, behavioral, and autonomic responses to stress. It has been postulated that small molecules that can antagonize the binding of CRF1 to its receptor may serve as a treatment for anxiety-related and/or affective disorders. Members within a series of 3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2-ones, exemplified by compound 2 (IC50 = 0.70 nM), were found to be very potent antagonists of CRF1. Compound 8w showed high CRF1 receptor binding affinity and was examined further in vivo. The compound was efficacious in a defensive withdrawal model of anxiety in rats and had a long half-life and reasonable oral bioavailability in dog pharmacokinetic studies.
A GaAs MESFET Balanced Mixer with Very Low Intermodulation (1987)

A new type of balanced resistive mixer has been realized by using the unbiased channel of a GaAs MESFET as the mixing element. Because this resistance is only very weakly nonlinear, very low intermodulation results. State-of-the-art second-and third-order output intercept points of 34 and 21 dBm are achieved, with 7 dB conversion loss at X band.
A new architecture for high-frequency variable-load inverters (2016)

Efficient generation and delivery of high-frequency (HF, 3-30 MHz) power into variable load impedances is difficult, resulting in HF inverter (or power amplifier) systems that are bulky, expensive and inefficient. This paper introduces a new inverter architecture and control approach that directly addresses this challenge, enabling radio-frequency power delivery into widely variable loads while maintaining efficient zero-voltage switching operation. We model the proposed architecture, develop design and control guidelines for it and analyze the range of load admittances over which it can efficiently operate and deliver a specified output power. The opportunities posed by the proposed approach are illustrated through time-domain simulations of an example HF inverter system.
Passive and Active Characterization of Hybrid Glass Substrates for Telecommunication Applications (2002)

Phosphate glasses have become increasingly popular for planar waveguide devices owing in part to the development of a number of different commercial compositions with a wide range of optical, physical, chemical and laser properties. In addition, the recent development of low temperature bonding technology has made possible the fabrication of structures involving multiple glasses prepared as a single hybrid substrate. Combined, these new materials and technologies make possible the creation of devices with increasing integration and complexity. Here, we present passive characterization data collected on glass joints prepared with the low temperature bonding technology and active performance data of a hybrid DBR laser where the surface relief grating has been fabricated in the passive glass region of a hybrid substrate.
All‐Conjugated Triblock Polyelectrolytes (2012)

All-conjugated triblock polyfluorenes with well-defined molecular weights and low polydispersities are synthesized via chain-growth Suzuki-Miyaura polymerization. Ionization of pendant alkylbromide chains by pyridine affords amphiphilic triblock polyelectrolytes with neutral/charged/neutral or charged/neutral/charged segments. The immiscible blocks lead to aggregation in polar and nonpolar solvents, and to complex surface morphologies depending on the polarity of the substrate. These triblock polyelectrolytes can also be used as interfacial layers in polymer light-emitting diodes to facilitate electron injection from aluminum.
Test methodology for evaluation of fireworthy aircraft seat cushions (1982)

Aircraft seat materials were evaluated in terms of their thermal performance. The materials were evaluated using (a) thermogravimetric analysis, (b) differential scanning calorimetry, (c) a modified NBS smoke chamber to determine the rate of mass loss and (d) the NASA T-3 apparatus to determine the thermal efficiency. In this paper, the modified NBS smoke chamber will be described in detail since it provided the most conclusive results. The NBS smoke chamber was modified to measure the weight loss of materials when exposed to a radiant heat source over the range of 2.5 to 7.5 W/cm sq. This chamber has been utilized to evaluate the thermal performance of various heat blocking layers utilized to protect the polyurethane cushioning foam used in aircraft seats. Various kinds of heat blocking layers were evaluated by monitoring the weight loss of miniature seat cushions when exposed to the radiant heat. The effectiveness of aluminized heat blocking systems was demonstrated when compared to conventional heat blocking layers such as neoprene. All heat blocking systems showed good fire protection capabilities when compared to the state-of-the-art, i.e., wool-nylon over polyurethane foam.
Design of a monopulse SAR system for the determination of elevation angles (1994)

Terrain height variations in mountainous areas cause problems in the radiometric correction of SAR images. The authors propose a novel SAR system which exploits the monopulse principle to determine the elevation angle and thus the height at the different parts of the image. From the ratios of images radiometrically modulated by the difference and sum antenna pattern in cross-track direction, the authors can calculate the appropriate elevation angle at any point in the image. In this paper, they present design considerations for an array antenna for DLR's airborne X-band SAR system and give estimates of the error due to system noise and azimuth ambiguities as well as the expected performance and precision in topographic mapping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
QESTRAL (Part 4): Test Signals, Combining Metrics, and the Prediction of Overall Spatial Quality (2008)

The QESTRAL project has developed an artificial listener that compares the perceived quality of a spatial audio reproduction to a reference reproduction. Test signals designed to identify distortions in both the foreground and background audio streams are created for both the reference and the impaired reproduction systems. Metrics are calculated from these test signals and are then combined using a regression model to give a measure of the overall perceived spatial quality of the impaired reproduction compared to the reference reproduction. The results of the model are shown to match closely the results obtained in listening tests. Consequently, the model can be used as an alternative to listening tests when evaluating the perceived spatial quality of a given reproduction system, thus saving time and expense.
Temperature Measurements Reveal Accretion Of Ice On Airfoils (1995)

Method of detecting accretion of ice on airfoil based on measurement of difference between temperatures at icing and nonicing locations on airfoil. Release of latent heat of fusion gives rise to characteristic gradient of temperature. Temperatures and difference between them measured by use of contact sensors or remote sensor. Measurements used to trigger alarms and/or deicing equipment.
A Load-Adjustable Constant-Force Mechanism (2018)

This paper outlines the design of a compliant crank slider with adjustable constant-force output. Constant-force mechanisms (CFM) are used to maintain a constant output reaction force throughout a large range of compressive motion. This novel design improves on existing CFM by introducing a second degree of freedom that adjusts the mechanism’s output without changing its kinematic structure. This second degree of freedom is the rotation of a compliant beam about its longitudinal axis as it is constrained to the initial plane of bending. The resulting change in the beam’s stiffness allows for adjustment to a specifiable range of constant-force outputs.
τ mapping of the autofluorescence of the human ocular fundus (2000)

Changes in the autofluorescence at the living eye-ground are assumed as important mark in discovering of the pathomechanism in age-related macular degeneration. The discrimination of fluorophores is required and also the presentation of their 2D distribution. Caused by transmission of ocular media, a differentiation between fluorophores by the spectral excitation and emission range is limited. Using the laser scanner principle, the fluorescence lifetime can be measured in 2D. Keeping the maximal permissible exposure, only a very weak signal is detectable, which is optimal for application of the time- correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). In an experimental set-up, pulses of an active model locked Ar<SUP>+</SUP> laser (FWHM = 300 ps, reptition rate = 77.3 MHz, selectable wavelengths: 457.9, 465.8, 472.7, 496.5, 501.7, 514.5 nm)excite the eye-ground during the scanning process. A routing module realizes the synchronization between scanning and TCSPC. Investigation of structured samples of Rhodamin 6G and of Coumarin 522 showed that a mono-exponential decay can be calculated with an error of less than 10 percent using only a few hundred photons. The maximum likelihood algorithm delivers the most correct results. A first in vivo tau-image, exhibit a lifetime of 1.5 ns in the nasal part and 5 ns at large retinal vessels.
A Comparison Between the Pulsed and Duty Cycle Approaches Used to Capture the Thermal Response of Tissue During Electroporation-Based Therapies (2012)

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new minimally invasive non-thermal focal ablation technique that has been used for the treatment of spontaneous tumors in canine and human patients [1–4]. The procedure involves placing electrodes into or around a tumor and delivering a series of low energy electric pulses to kill tumor tissue with sub-millimeter resolution. The pulses generate an electric field that alters the resting transmembrane potential (TMP) of the cells [1]. Depending on the magnitude of the induced TMP, the electric pulses can have no effect, transiently increase membrane permeability, or cause cell death [1].
Method of decontaminating a location containing pyrophoric P/sub 4/-contamination (1988)

A method of decontaminating a location containing pyrophoric P/sub 4/-contamination is described which comprises: (1) bringing to the location a portable vehicle which comprises at least one of the following: a scrubber, a source of an oxygen-containing gas, a pump, means to convey the oxygen-containing gas to the P/sub 4/-contaminated material, when the material is under a protective blanket of a nonflammable fluid, and means to convey the effluent resulting from the treatment of the P/sub 4/-contaminated material with the oxygen-containing gas, while it is blanketed with the nonflammable fluid, to either suitable treatment or recovery means; and (2) contacting the P/sub 4/ contamination, while it is under a protective blanket of a nonflammable fluid, with an oxygen-containing gas to thereby render it less pyrophoric.
Uplink Interference Reduction in Large Scale Antenna Systems (2017)

A massive MIMO system entails a large number (tens or hundreds) of base station antennas serving a much smaller number of terminals. These systems demonstrate large gains in spectral and energy efficiency compared with conventional MIMO technology. As the number of antennas grows, the performance of a massive MIMO system gets limited by the interference caused by pilot contamination. Earlier A. Ashikhmin and T. Marzetta proposed (under the name of Pilot Contamination Precoding) Large Scale Fading Precoding (LSFP) and Decoding (LSFD) based on limited cooperation between base stations. They showed that Zero-Forcing LSFP and LSFD eliminate pilot contamination entirely and lead to an infinite throughput as the number of antennas grows. In this paper, we focus on the uplink and show that even in the case of a finite number of base station antennas, LSFD yields a very large performance gain. In particular, one of our algorithms gives a more than 140 fold increase in the 5% outage data transmission rate! We show that the performance can be improved further by optimizing the transmission powers of the users. Finally, we present decentralized LSFD that requires limited cooperation only between neighboring cells.
Integrated microfluidic loop-mediated-isothermal-amplification systems for rapid isolation and detection of aquaculture pathogens (2011)

Detection of fish pathogens is crucial for premium aquaculture species with a high economic value. The current study therefore presents a new microfluidic system for detection of aquaculture pathogens. Pathogen DNA was first purified by using specific nucleotide probes, followed by amplifying pathogen-specific DNA fragments by adopting the loop-mediated-isothermal-amplification (LAMP) process. Furthermore, it can carry out four LAMP reactions for multiple detection of pathogens. Successful demonstration for detection of aquaculture fish pathogens has been achieved by using the proposed microfluidic system.
DNMTi/HDACi combined epigenetic targeted treatment induces reprogramming of myeloma cells in the direction of normal plasma cells (2018)

In conclusion, we developed a score for the prediction of primary MM cell sensitivity to DNMTi/HDACi and found that this combination could be beneficial in high-risk patients by targeting proliferation and inducing maturation.
Low-dose daily interleukin-2 immunotherapy: accelerating immune restoration and expanding HIV-specific T-cell immunity without toxicity (2001)

There is now a great deal of interest in therapies focused on improving the function of the immune system in the treatment of individuals infected with the HIV. Although the antiviral drugs effectively suppress replication of the virus, they cannot cure the infection. Therefore, it now appears that both antivirals and immune system stimulants will be necessary to maximally suppress residual latent virus, thereby allowing the discontinuation of the antivirals without relapse of detectable plasma virus. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) the first cytokine to be discovered at the molecular level has been used as a therapeutic in HIV infection, because it is critical for a normal functioning immune response. IL-2 is essential for the survival and proliferative expansion of antigen-activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and also for promoting their differentiated functions of cytokine secretion and cytolysis. However, as IL-2 stimulates both the innate and acquired immune responses, when used as a therapeutic it can lead to severe toxicity when given in high doses. This review focuses on low dose, daily IL-2 therapy, used to accelerate the recovery of the immune system when viral replication is suppressed maximally with antivirals. In addition, the principles of the use of IL-2 to activate HIV-specific immune reactivity are discussed. At least two signals are required to promote the proliferative expansion and function of antiviral effector lymphocytes, HIV antigens and IL-2.