gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 5GS/s 360MHz-BW 68dB-DR Continuous-Time 1-1-1 Filtering MASH ΔΣ ADC in 40nm CMOS (2022)

In the pursuit of ever larger bandwidths, in recent years GHz-rate continuous-time (CT) oversampled ADCs have been reported in literature that achieve bandwidths of hundreds of MHz and have even exceeded the GHz barrier [1]–[3]. As impressive as these bandwidths are for CT ADCs, the required ADC architectures are complex, are sensitive to layout parasitics due to the high sampling rates, and most important of all, are power hungry, consuming several hundreds of mW. In this paper, we propose a filtering rnulti-stage noise-shaping (MASH) ΔΣ ADC architecture that overcomes the abovementioned drawbacks. Passive delay compensating filters [4] are used to realize broadband and deep suppression of the input signal component at the internal filter nodes of the ADC. As a result, no interstage DACs are needed, which are commonly required to generate the quantization error replicas in a MASH ΔΣ ADC, saving substantial power and greatly reducing the parasitic load of the high-speed critical nodes. Moreover, because of the absence of signal content at the internal filter nodes, the backend stages of the MASH architecture have relaxed linearity requirements and can be implemented with simple low-power Gm-C filters. Precise excess loop delay and excess phase compensation are accomplished with a partly resistive and capacitive stabilization DAC, enabling very-high-speed operation of the ΔΣ loops. The realized MASH ADC is sampled at 5GHz and achieves 68dB/65dB DR/peak SNDR over a 360MHz bandwidth, -78dBc THD at -1dBFS for a 115MHz input signal, and consumes 158mW. Implemented in a mature 40nm CMOS technology, the ADC occupies only 0.21 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> core area, achieves 2× lower power, 5dB higher Schreier FOM and 2× lower Walden FOM compared to state-of-the-art broadband CT ADCs in advanced 16nm-28nm nodes [1]–[3].
Characterization of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG27</i> gene encoding the 3-keto reductase involved in C-4 sterol demethylation (1999)

The last unidentified gene encoding an enzyme involved in ergosterol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned. This gene, designated ERG27, encodes the 3-keto sterol reductase, which, in concert with the C-4 sterol methyloxidase (ERG25) and the C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (ERG26), catalyzes the sequential removal of the two methyl groups at the sterol C-4 position. We developed a strategy to isolate a mutant deficient in converting 3-keto to 3-hydroxy-sterols. An ergosterol auxotroph unable to synthesize sterol or grow without sterol supplementation was mutagenized. Colonies were then selected that were nystatin-resistant in the presence of 3-ketoergostadiene and cholesterol. A new ergosterol auxotroph unable to grow on 3-ketosterols without the addition of cholesterol was isolated. The gene (YLR100w) was identified by complementation. Segregants containing the YLR100w disruption failed to grow on various types of 3-keto sterol substrates. Surprisingly, when erg27 was grown on cholesterol- or ergosterol-supplemented media, the endogenous compounds that accumulated were noncyclic sterol intermediates (squalene, squalene epoxide, and squalene dioxide), and there was little or no accumulation of lanosterol or 3-ketosterols. Feeding experiments in which erg27 strains were supplemented with lanosterol (an upstream intermediate of the C-4 demethylation process) and cholesterol (an end-product sterol) demonstrated accumulation of four types of 3-keto sterols identified by GC/MS and chromatographic properties: 4-methyl-zymosterone, zymosterone, 4-methyl-fecosterone, and ergosta-7,24 (28)-dien-3-one. In addition, a fifth intermediate was isolated and identified by (1)H NMR as a 4-methyl-24, 25-epoxy-cholesta-7-en-3-one. Implications of these results are discussed.
High Brightness Operation in Broad Area Quantum Cascade Lasers with Reduced Number of Stages (2019)

Two 20 µm wide QCL structures demonstrate room temperature watt-level CW power with single lobed behavior. A figure of merit predicts broad area, fundamental mode behavior configurations for QCLs of identical wavelength and stage height.© 2019 The Author(s)
Directed test suite augmentation via exploiting program dependency (2014)

Regression testing is a practice to discover faults introduced in the program modification. However, the existing test suite is usually designed at an early stage of software development and is therefore insensitive to subsequent program changes. Although symbolic execution such as JPF-SE is able to produce test cases for the modified program by exhaustively exploring program paths, it is not tailored for testing program changes and is not scalable. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach called Directed Test Suite Augmentation (DTSA) to automatically generate test cases that can reach the changed statements, produce different program states after executing the changed statements, and propagate the different states to the output of the program. The key insight of DTSA is to reorder the generated test cases tailored for testing program changes compared with JPF-SE. We implemented a prototype of our approach and the experiment results show that DTSA requires about 60.1% and 45.6% fewer Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE) runs to generate the desired test case than JPF-SE and another test suite augmentation tool eXpress, respectively.
The radon image as plenoptic function (2014)

We introduce a novel plenoptic function that can be directly captured or generated after the fact in plenoptic cameras. Whereas previous approaches represent the plenoptic function over a 4D ray space (as radiance or light field), we introduce the representation of the plenoptic function over a 3D plane space. Our approach uses the Radon plenoptic function instead of the traditional 4D plenoptic function to achieve 3D representation - which promises reduced size, making it suitable for use in mobile devices. Moreover, we show that the original 3D luminous density of the scene can be recovered via the inverse Radon transform. Finally, we demonstrate how various 3D views and differently-focused pictures can be rendered directly from this new representation.
A Cellular Function for the RNA-Interference Enzyme Dicer in the Maturation of the <i>let-7</i> Small Temporal RNA (2001)

The 21-nucleotide small temporal RNA (stRNA) let-7 regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans and probably in other bilateral animals. We present in vivo and in vitro evidence that in Drosophila melanogaster a developmentally regulated precursor RNA is cleaved by an RNA interference-like mechanism to produce mature let-7 stRNA. Targeted destruction in cultured human cells of the messenger RNA encoding the enzyme Dicer, which acts in the RNA interference pathway, leads to accumulation of the let-7 precursor. Thus, the RNA interference and stRNA pathways intersect. Both pathways require the RNA-processing enzyme Dicer to produce the active small-RNA component that represses gene expression.
The structure and function of TRIP8b, an auxiliary subunit of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated channels (2020)

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are expressed throughout the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). These channels have been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including Major Depressive Disorder and multiple subtypes of epilepsy. The diversity of functions that HCN channels perform is in part attributable to differences in their subcellular localization. To facilitate a broad range of subcellular distributions, HCN channels are bound by auxiliary subunits that regulate surface trafficking and channel function. One of the best studied auxiliary subunits is tetratricopeptide-repeat containing, Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b). TRIP8b is an extensively alternatively spliced protein whose only known function is to regulate HCN channels. TRIP8b binds to HCN pore-forming subunits at multiple interaction sites that differentially regulate HCN channel function and subcellular distribution. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the structure and function of TRIP8b isoforms with an emphasis on the role of this auxiliary subunit in health and disease.
Idiosyncratic Signatures for Authenticated Execution - The TrustedFlow™ Protocol and its Application to TCP (2003)

Assuring that a given code is faithfully executed with defined parameters and constraints is an open problem, which is especially important in the context of computing over communications networks. This work presents TrustedFlowTM, a software solution to the problem of remotely authenticating code during execution, which aims at assuring that the software is not changed prior to and during execution. A flow of idiosyncratic signatures is continuously generated and associated to transmitted data by a secret function that is hidden (e.g., obfuscated) in the software and whose execution is subordinated to the proper execution of the software being authenticated. The flow of signatures is validated by a remote component.
A pivoting elliptical training system for prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries (2013)

Knee injuries often occur in pivoting activities but most existing training and rehabilitation devices mainly allow sagittal movements. Thus, a pivoting elliptical training system (PETS) was developed to train and evaluate neuromuscular control in pivoting directions, pivoting neuromuscular control, for prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries. PETS included capabilities of controlling two footplates individually or simultaneously through servomotor controls so that the footplates behaved like two torsional springs, created a slippery surface, or perturbed. Feasibility of PETS to improve pivoting neuromuscular control and neuromechanical properties was demonstrated through experiments on selected healthy individuals. They improved pivoting neuromuscular control in terms of pivoting instability, and reduced reaction time and proprioceptive acuity following training. Thus, PETS can potentially be used as a therapeutic and research tool to investigate underlying mechanisms of pivoting-related injuries and to train human subjects to improve neuromuscular control during risky pivoting movements.
Enhanced isoprenoid production <scp>f</scp>rom xylose by engineered <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2017)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has limited capabilities for producing fuels and chemicals derived from acetyl-CoA, such as isoprenoids, due to a rigid flux partition toward ethanol during glucose metabolism. Despite numerous efforts, xylose fermentation by engineered yeast harboring heterologous xylose metabolic pathways was not as efficient as glucose fermentation for producing ethanol. Therefore, we hypothesized that xylose metabolism by engineered yeast might be a better fit for producing non-ethanol metabolites. We indeed found that engineered S. cerevisiae on xylose showed higher expression levels of the enzymes involved in ethanol assimilation and cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis than on glucose. When genetic perturbations necessary for overproducing squalene and amorphadiene were introduced into engineered S. cerevisiae capable of fermenting xylose, we observed higher titers and yields of isoprenoids under xylose than glucose conditions. Specifically, co-overexpression of a truncated HMG1 (tHMG1) and ERG10 led to substantially higher squalene accumulation under xylose than glucose conditions. In contrast to glucose utilization producing massive amounts of ethanol regardless of aeration, xylose utilization allowed much less amounts of ethanol accumulation, indicating ethanol is simultaneously re-assimilated with xylose consumption and utilized for the biosynthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. In addition, xylose utilization by engineered yeast with overexpression of tHMG1, ERG10, and ADS coding for amorphadiene synthase, and the down-regulation of ERG9 resulted in enhanced amorphadiene production as compared to glucose utilization. These results suggest that the problem of the rigid flux partition toward ethanol production in yeast during the production of isoprenoids and other acetyl-CoA derived chemicals can be bypassed by using xylose instead of glucose as a carbon source. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2581-2591. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gabriella: An Online System for Real-Time Activity Detection in Untrimmed Surveillance Videos (2020)

Activity detection in security videos is a difficult problem due to multiple factors such as large field of view, presence of multiple activities, varying scales and viewpoints, and its untrimmed nature. The existing research in activity detection is mainly focused on datasets, such as UCF-101, JHMDB, THUMOS, and AVA, which partially address these issues. The requirement of processing the security videos in real-time makes this even more challenging. In this work we propose Gabriella, a real-time online system to perform activity detection on untrimmed security videos. The proposed method consists of three stages: tubelet extraction, activity classification, and online tubelet merging. For tubelet extraction, we propose a localization network which takes a video clip as input and spatio-temporally detects potential foreground regions at multiple scales to generate action tubelets. We propose a novel Patch-Dice loss to handle large variations in actor size. Our online processing of videos at a clip level drastically reduces the computation time in detecting activities. The detected tubelets are assigned activity class scores by the classification network and merged together using our proposed Tubelet-Merge Action-Split (TMAS) algorithm to form the final action detections. The TMAS algorithm efficiently connects the tubelets in an online fashion to generate action detections which are robust against varying length activities. We perform our experiments on the VIRAT and MEVA (Multiview Extended Video with Activities) datasets and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of speed (~100 fps) and performance with state-of-the-art results. The code and models will be made publicly available.
High-Voltage Biomolecular Sensing Using a Bacteriophage Portal Protein Covalently Immobilized within a Solid-State Nanopore (2022)

The application of nanopores as label-free, single-molecule biosensors for electrical or optical probing of structural features in biomolecules has been widely explored. While biological nanopores (membrane proteins and bacteriophage portal proteins) and solid-state nanopores (thin films and two-dimensional materials) have been extensively employed, the third class of nanopores known as hybrid nanopores, where an artificial membrane substitutes the organic support membrane of proteins, has been only sparsely studied due to challenges in implementation. G20c portal protein contains a natural DNA pore that is used by viruses for filling their capsid with viral genomic DNA. We have previously developed a lipid-free hybrid nanopore by “corking” the G20c portal protein into a SiNx nanopore. Herein, we demonstrate that through chemical functionalization of the synthetic nanopore, covalent linkage between the solid-state pore and the G20c portal protein considerably improves the hybrid pore stability, lifetime, and voltage resilience. Moreover, we demonstrate electric-field-driven and motor protein-mediated transport of DNA molecules through this hybrid nanopore. Our integrated protein/solid-state device can serve as a robust and durable framework for sensing and sequencing at high voltages, potentially providing higher resolution, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and higher throughput compared to the more conventional membrane-embedded protein platforms.
Context-aware video recommendation based on session progress prediction (2017)

In the analysis of digital content consumption, session progress provides a good alternative to using manual ratings for measuring user engagement. A good prediction of session progress is useful for optimizing and personalizing the end-user experience. Most prevalent methods of predicting session progress are based on matrix completion and only consider the interaction among users and videos, while the associated contextual information is usually not used. In this paper, we present our approach for video recommendation, based on session progress prediction and incorporating the context. We test our approach on real-world session progress data, and observe considerable improvement in prediction accuracy achieved by incorporating selected context. Our experiments also show that proper context selection and the number of observed sessions for users are two key factors affecting the prediction accuracy.
Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative<i>in vitro</i>Ginsenoside Production in Callus Cultures of Three<i>Panax</i>Species (1999)

The qualitative and quantitative difference in the various ginsenoside constituents of the crude butanol-soluble saponin fractions of callus cultures of two Indian species of Panax namely P. sikkimensis and P. pseudoginseng have been compared with that of P. quinquefolium (American ginseng). The 45-50 days old calli of the two Indian species, though found to accumulate crude ginsenoside at levels (0.9% and 1.1%, respectively) comparable to that in P. quinquefolium (1.2%), P. pseudoginseng callus showed high productivity of ginsenosides Rf (40.57%) and Ro (19.60%). P. quinquefolium calli on the other hand accumulated more of Rb and Rg group of ginsenosides but while the former appeared to be a Rg (2) accumulator the callus of the later was rich in the Rg (1) fraction.
Fluoroepoxy Adhesives Bond Fluoroplastics (1989)

Etching or other special preparation unnecessary. Experiments show fluoroepoxy compounds of high fluorine content adhere to fluoroplastics, without prior etching or other treatment of fluoroplastic surfaces. Compounds mixed with each other in approximately stoichiometric amounts and react to produce fluoroepoxy compounds adhering to fluoroplastics. Advantageous in bonding polymers having fluorine contents of 55 percent or more.
Cerebella: Automatic Generation of Nonverbal Behavior for Virtual Humans (2015)

Our method automatically generates realistic nonverbal performances for virtual characters to accompany spo- ken utterances. It analyses the acoustic, syntactic, se- mantic and rhetorical properties of the utterance text and audio signal to generate nonverbal behavior such as such as head movements, eye saccades, and novel gesture animations based on co-articulation.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from IL-10 Directly Activates and Expands Tumor-Resident CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells without <i>De Novo</i> Infiltration from Secondary Lymphoid Organs (2023)

<p>PDF file - 206K, Suppl. Figure 1. PEG-IL-10 increases intratumoral CD8 T cells and induces CD8 T cell dependent tumor rejection. Suppl. Figure 2. Anti-tumor efficacy is abolished in IL-10R-/- mice. Suppl Figure 3. FTY720 treatment neither impairs IL-10 induced activation of tumor-resident CD8+ T cells nor rejection of CT26 tumors</p>
Development of Live Recombinant Vaccine Candidates Against Tuberculosis (2001)

We report on 2 recombinant (r) live vaccine candidates that use different strategies to improve cell-mediated immunity for TB control: (i) the current TB vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG, endowed with a pore-forming cytolysin; and (ii) rSalmonella typhimurium secreting a single immunodominant antigen shared by BCG and M. tuberculosis.
Reviews Of Acoustical Patents (2009)

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Printed copies of United States Patents may be ordered at $3.00 each from the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Washington, DC 20231. Patents are available via the Internet at http://www.uspto.gov.
Non-estrogenic Alkylphenol Derivatives for EOR (2010)

Abstract Alkylphenol ethoxylates and their derivatives have been used for many applications including Enhanced Oil Recovery in the past. The popularity and widespread use of these materials has decreased dramatically over the past 10 years because of the finding that these materials are estrogenic or precursors to estrogen mimics. It has now been found that a slight variation in the structure of these materials can render them non-estrogenic and also prevent their degradation products from being estrogenic without changing the surfactant properties. The resulting alkylphenol alkoxylates, alkylphenol ether sulfate and alkylphenol ether sulfonates have been shown to give low interfacial tensions over a wide range of salinities, temperatures and crude oil compositions making them a low-costs, effective, easily manufactured and safe materials to be used alone or in combination with other surfactants for Alkaline Surfactant Polymer and Surfactant Polymer Flooding. Although the application of these materials is not restricted to IOR, specific examples directed to these applications will be discussed along with the structures and properties of these surfactants.
The ubiquitous transcription factor NF‐Y positively regulates the transcription of human p27<sup>Kip1</sup> through a CCAAT box located in the 5′‐upstream region of the p27<sup>Kip1</sup> gene (1999)

Abnormally low levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 are found frequently in human carcinomas, and these levels correlate directly with both histological aggressiveness and patient mortality. p27Kip1 is haplo-insufficient for tumor suppression. Thus, p27Kip1 may be a useful molecule for the development of cancer therapies. To know the possible mechanisms underlying transcriptional control, we previously cloned the promoter region of human p27Kip1 gene. We report here the characterization of the 5'-regulatory region of the human p27Kip1 gene. Promoter analysis using 5'-deletion mutants revealed that a 39-bp region between -549 and -511 was required for maximal promoter activity. Point mutation analysis revealed that a CCAAT box within this region was essential for promoter activity. Gel shift assays and cotransfection experiments using a dominant negative form of the NF-Y transcription factor showed that NF-Y directly regulates p27Kip1 transcription through this CCAAT box. This finding might provide a clue to approach the mechanism of tumorigenesis.
Quality assurance for a treatment planning system in scanned ion beam therapy (2000)

Conformal radiation therapy using dynamic beam delivery systems like scanned ion beams requires concise quality assurance procedures for the complete treatment planning process. For the heavy ion therapy facility at GSI, Darmstadt, a quality assurance program for the treatment planning system (TPS) has been developed. It covers the development and updating of software, data protection and safety, and the application of soft- and hardware. The tests also apply to the geometrical precision of imaging devices and the geometrical and dosimetrical verification of dose distributions in different phantoms. The quality assurance program addresses acceptance and constancy tests of the treatment planning program. Results of the acceptance tests served as a basis for its governmental approval. Two main results of the acceptance tests are representative for the overall performance of the system. (1) The geometrical uncertainty that could be achieved for the target point definition, setup accuracy, field contouring, and field alignment is typically 1.5 mm. The uncertainty for the setup verification using digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR's) is limited to 2 mm. (2) The mean deviations between measured and planned dose values is 3% for standardized cases in a water phantom and up to 6% for more complicated treatment configurations.