gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dipole array scan performance over a wide-band (1999)

A large square array of thin dipoles has a well-behaved scan resistance over a wide bandwidth. Such an array requires reactance matching with frequency, but not with scan angles. The scan element pattern (SEP) shows only small changes over a 5:1 bandwidth, However, a dipole/screen array is suitable for wide-band scan only in the H-plane.
川芎嗪对兔肾缺血/再灌注损伤所致氧化应激的干预作用 (2015)

目的 通过由兔肾脏缺血 / 再灌注损伤（ IRI ）导致的氧化应激体系中的变化，研究中药川芎嗪对 IRI 干预下的作用机制。方法 建立持续性阻断兔双侧肾动脉血流 1h ，再灌注 5h 的肾 IRI 动物模型。日本大耳兔 32 只，随机分成 3 组（ n=10 ）：假手术组 (sham ， S 组 ) ，缺血 / 再灌注组 (ischemia-reperfusion ， IR 组 ) ，川芎嗪干预缺血 / 再灌注组（ ligustrazine+ ischemia-reperfusion ， LZ 组），另外两只作为补充实验中意外死亡之用。于缺血前、缺血 1h 、再灌注 1h 、 3h 和 5h 依次经颈总动脉抽血用以检测超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD ）活力、黄嘌呤氧化酶（ XO ）活力以及丙二醛（ MDA ）含量。在实验结束后取兔肾组织依次检测 SOD 、 XO 活力以及 MDA 含量，并对其进行电镜观察。结果 随着肾缺血和再灌注时间的增加， IR 组和 LZ 组血浆中的 XO 活力和 MDA 含量逐渐呈上升趋势，但同时间点 LZ 组较于 IR 组明显降低（均 P <0.01 ）； SOD 活力随着肾缺血和再灌注时间的增加而逐渐呈下降趋势，但同时间点下， LZ 组较于 IR 组均明显偏高（均 P <0.01 ）。 IR 组和 LZ 组相较于 S 组，肾组织 XO 活力、 MDA 含量均明显升高， SOD 活力均明显降低（均 P <0.01 ）；而 LZ 组肾组织中的 XO 活力、 MDA 含量均显著低于 IR 组， SOD 活力均显著高于 IR 组，差异有非常显著性（均 P <0.01 ）， LZ 组肾组织细胞的超微结构异常改变较 IR 组显著减轻。结论 川芎嗪能够使氧自由基水平降低，氧化应激损伤减轻，具有保护肾缺血 / 再灌注损伤的作用。
UML-based analysis of embedded systems using a mapping to VHDL (2003)

Methods for developing and modeling embedded systems and rigorously verifying behavior before committing to code are increasingly important. A number of object-oriented techniques and notations have been introduced but recently, it appears that the Unified Modeling Language (UML) could be a notation broad enough in scope to represent a variety of domains and gain widespread use. Currently, however, UML is only a notation, with no formal semantics attached to the individual diagrams. In order to address this problem, we have developed a framework for deriving VHDL specifications from the class and state diagrams in order to capture the structure and the behavior of embedded systems. The derived VHDL specifications enable us to perform behavior simulation of the UML models.
Application of LSA space's dimension character in document multi-hierarchy clustering (2005)

In LSA space, dimensions corresponding to bigger singular values reflect the general concept of language elements, while dimensions corresponding to smaller singular values reflect particular concept of language elements. On this basis, different dimensions of LSA space are adopted for document clustering under various concept granularities. In addition, in the LSA-based algorithm of document clustering, better clustering results are obtained by taking the row vectors of document self-indexing matrix as the objects to be clustered, instead of the document vectors with low dimensionality.
Inside the spectrogram: Convolutional Neural Networks in audio processing (2017)

Convolutional Neural Networks have established a new standard in many machine learning applications not only in image but also in audio processing. In this contribution we investigate the interplay between the primary representation mapping a raw audio signal to some kind of image (feature) and the convolutional layers of an ensuing neural network. We introduce a new notion of equivalence of feature-network pairs and show the relation of feature and networks for the example of mel-spectrogram input on the one hand and varying analysis windows on the other hand.
Contemporary Bayesian Econometrics and Statistics (2005)

Preface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Two Examples. 1.1.1 Public School Class Sizes. 1.1.2 Value at Risk. 1.2 Observables, Unobservables, and Objects of Interest. 1.3 Conditioning and Updating. 1.4 Simulators. 1.5 Modeling. 1.6 Decisionmaking. 2. Elements of Bayesian Inference. 2.1 Basics. 2.2 Sufficiency, Ancillarity, and Nuisance Parameters. 2.2.1 Sufficiency. 2.2.2 Ancillarity. 2.2.3 Nuisance Parameters. 2.3 Conjugate Prior Distributions. 2.4 Bayesian Decision Theory and Point Estimation. 2.5 Credible Sets. 2.6 Model Comparison. 2.6.1 Marginal Likelihoods. 2.6.2 Predictive Densities. 3. Topics in Bayesian Inference. 3.1 Hierarchical Priors and Latent Variables. 3.2 Improper Prior Distributions. 3.3 Prior Robustness and the Density Ratio Class. 3.4 Asymptotic Analysis. 3.5 The Likelihood Principle. 4. Posterior Simulation. 4.1 Direct Sampling,. 4.2 Acceptance and Importance Sampling. 4.2.1 Acceptance Sampling. 4.2.2 Importance Sampling. 4.3 Markov Chain Monte Carlo. 4.3.1 The Gibbs Sampler. 4.3.2 The Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm. 4.4 Variance Reduction. 4.4.1 Concentrated Expectations. 4.4.2 Antithetic Sampling. 4.5 Some Continuous State Space Markov Chain Theory. 4.5.1 Convergence of the Gibbs Sampler. 4.5.2 Convergence of the Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm. 4.6 Hybrid Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods. 4.6.1 Transition Mixtures. 4.6.2 Metropolis within Gibbs. 4.7 Numerical Accuracy and Convergence in Markov Chain Monte Carlo. 5. Linear Models. 5.1 BACC and the Normal Linear Regression Model. 5.2 Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Models. 5.3 Linear Constraints in the Linear Model. 5.3.1 Linear Inequality Constraints. 5.3.2 Conjectured Linear Restrictions, Linear Inequality Constraints, and Covariate Selection. 5.4 Nonlinear Regression. 5.4.1 Nonlinear Regression with Smoothness Priors. 5.4.2 Nonlinear Regression with Basis Functions. 6. Modeling with Latent Variables. 6.1 Censored Normal Linear Models. 6.2 Probit Linear Models. 6.3 The Independent Finite State Model. 6.4 Modeling with Mixtures of Normal Distributions. 6.4.1 The Independent Student-t Linear Model. 6.4.2 Normal Mixture Linear Models. 6.4.3 Generalizing the Observable Outcomes. 7. Modeling for Time Series. 7.1 Linear Models with Serial Correlation. 7.2 The First-Order Markov Finite State Model. 7.2.1 Inference in the Nonstationary Model. 7.2.2 Inference in the Stationary Model. 7.3 Markov Normal Mixture Linear Model. 8. Bayesian Investigation. 8.1 Implementing Simulation Methods. 8.1.1 Density Ratio Tests. 8.1.2 Joint Distribution Tests. 8.2 Formal Model Comparison. 8.2.1 Bayes Factors for Modeling with Common Likelihoods. 8.2.2 Marginal Likelihood Approximation Using Importance Sampling. 8.2.3 Marginal Likelihood Approximation Using Gibbs Sampling. 8.2.4 Density Ratio Marginal Likelihood Approximation. 8.3 Model Specification. 8.3.1 Prior Predictive Analysis. 8.3.2 Posterior Predictive Analysis. 8.4 Bayesian Communication. 8.5 Density Ratio Robustness Bounds. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.
Phosphorylation of Troponin I by Protein Kinase A Accelerates Relaxation and Crossbridge Cycle Kinetics in Mouse Ventricular Muscle (2001)

Phosphorylation of cardiac myofibrils by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) can increase the intrinsic rate of myofibrillar relaxation, which may contribute to the shortening of the cardiac twitch during beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. However, it is not known whether the acceleration of myofibrillar relaxation is due to phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI) or of myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C). To distinguish between these possibilities, we used transgenic mice that overexpress the nonphosphorylatable, slow skeletal isoform of TnI in the myocardium and do not express the normal, phosphorylatable cardiac TNI: The intrinsic rate of relaxation of myofibrils from wild-type and transgenic mice was measured using flash photolysis of diazo-2 to rapidly decrease the [Ca(2+)] within skinned muscles from the mouse ventricles. Incubation with PKA nearly doubled the intrinsic rate of myofibrillar relaxation in muscles from wild-type mice (relaxation half-time fell from approximately 150 to approximately 90 ms at 22 degrees C) but had no effect on the relaxation rate of muscles from the transgenic mice. In parallel studies with intact muscles, we assessed crossbridge kinetics indirectly by determining f(min) (the frequency for minimum dynamic stiffness) during tetanic contractions. Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors with isoproterenol increased f(min) from 1.9 to 3.1 Hz in muscles from wild-type mice but had no effect on f(min) in muscles from transgenic mice. We conclude that the acceleration of myofibrillar relaxation rate by PKA is due to phosphorylation of TnI, rather than MyBP-C, and that this may be due, at least in part, to faster crossbridge cycle kinetics.
CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*18, Body weight and sex are predictors of efavirenz pharmacokinetics and treatment response: population pharmacokinetic modeling in an HIV/AIDS and TB cohort in Zimbabwe (2015)

This study showed that screening for CYP2B6 functional variants has a high predictability for efavirenz plasma levels and could be used in prescribing optimal and safe EFV doses.
Differential Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Their Inhibitors during the Course of Meningococcal Infections (1994)

Circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and soluble TNF receptors p55 (sTNFr-55) and p75 (sTNFr-75) and ex vivo production of TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-1ra using a whole blood culture system were measured during the acute and convalescent stages of meningococcal infection. Circulating TNF and IL-1 were below detection level, whereas IL-6 and IL-1ra, sTNFr-55, and sTNFr-75 were increased at admission. The ex vivo production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 was suppressed at admission and restored gradually during recovery. On the contrary, the production of the antiinflammatory IL-1ra was increased at admission. The elevated concentrations of both IL-1ra and sTNFr early in the course of infection suggest a regulatory role for these antiinflammatory compounds. The observed down-regulation of the ex vivo production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 and up-regulation of the production of IL-1ra in the acute stage may indicate a protective regulation mechanism.
Initial experience with oral contrast in PET/CT: phantom and clinical studies. (2003)

High-density barium causes overestimation of tissue (18)F-FDG concentration. Low-density barium does not cause significant artifacts and appears suitable for clinical use.
Unsupervised Learning of Monocular Depth Estimation with Bundle Adjustment, Super-Resolution and Clip Loss (2018)

We present a novel unsupervised learning framework for single view depth estimation using monocular videos. It is well known in 3D vision that enlarging the baseline can increase the depth estimation accuracy, and jointly optimizing a set of camera poses and landmarks is essential. In previous monocular unsupervised learning frameworks, only part of the photometric and geometric constraints within a sequence are used as supervisory signals. This may result in a short baseline and overfitting. Besides, previous works generally estimate a low resolution depth from a low resolution impute image. The low resolution depth is then interpolated to recover the original resolution. This strategy may generate large errors on object boundaries, as the depth of background and foreground are mixed to yield the high resolution depth. In this paper, we introduce a bundle adjustment framework and a super-resolution network to solve the above two problems. In bundle adjustment, depths and poses of an image sequence are jointly optimized, which increases the baseline by establishing the relationship between farther frames. The super resolution network learns to estimate a high resolution depth from a low resolution image. Additionally, we introduce the clip loss to deal with moving objects and occlusion. Experimental results on the KITTI dataset show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised methods using monocular sequences, and achieves comparable or even better result compared to unsupervised methods using stereo sequences.
Identification of Continuous Epitopes of the Envelope Glycoprotein of Dengue Type 2 Virus (1989)

We reacted 490 hexapeptides homologous to the amino acid sequence of the dengue 2 (DEN-2) virus envelope glycoprotein with antisera from 7 patients with primary DEN-2 virus infections to identify the continuous epitopes recognized by human IgG. There were 124 peptides in 25 clusters (domains) that bound 2 or more antisera. Twenty-two peptides in 7 domains bound all 7 convalescent DEN-2 virus antisera tested, and thus appeared to represent immunodominant epitopes. The evidence that these domains represents continuous epitopes of the envelope glycoprotein is that peptide representing each domain bound multiple sera, peptide reactivity was highly ordered along the amino acid sequence, and in almost all cases, domains were regions of predicted hydrophilicity. Heterologous flavivirus antisera also exhibited binding to the majority of peptides reactive with anti-DEN-2 virus sera, though 4 candidate DEN-2 specific epitopes were identified along with an immunodominant epitope common to dengue, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses. Synthetic peptides representing these epitopes may prove to be useful for a variety of purposes.
Growth Hormone Does Not Stimulate Early Healing in Rat Tendons (2012)

Growth Hormone stimulates bone growth and fracture repair. It acts mainly by increasing the systemic levels of IGF-1. Local treatment with IGF-1 appears to stimulate tendon healing. We therefore hypothesized that systemic treatment with Growth Hormone would also stimulate tendon healing. Rat Achilles tendons were transected and left to heal. 4 groups were studied. Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (Botox) were used to reduce loading in 2 groups. The animals were randomized to twice daily injections of Growth Hormone (n=2×10) or saline (n=2×10), and killed after 10 days. Healing was assessed by mechanical testing. Muscle paralysis induced by Botox reduced the strength of the healing tendon by two thirds. Growth Hormone increased femoral and tibial length in the unloaded, and femoral and tibial weight in the loaded group. Body weight and muscle weight were increased in both. In contrast, there was no increase in the strength of the healing tendons, regardless of mechanical loading status. An increase in peak force of the loaded healing tendons by more than 5% could be excluded with 95% confidence. In spite of its stimulatory effects on other tissues, Growth Hormone did not appear to stimulate tendon or tendon repair.
High-performance hybrid plastic films: a robust electrode platform for thin-film optoelectronics (2013)

We report a novel flexible hybrid plastic film that can be used as a robust electrode platform for typical thin-film optoelectronic devices. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) were embedded on the surface of a glass-fabric reinforced transparent composite (GFRHybrimer) film to form a flexible transparent conducting substrate with excellent opto-electrical properties, superior thermal stability, and impressive mechanical flexibility. A highly efficient and flexible inverted organic solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.9% under 100 mW cm−2 AM 1.5G illumination was fabricated on the AgNW–GFRHybrimer film. The AgNW–GFRHybrimer film exhibits potential as an excellent transparent electrode for low cost flexible optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis of 6-Substituted 7-Carbapurine 2′,3′-Dideoxynucleosides: Solid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Glycosylation of 4-Chloropyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine and Deoxygenation of its 2′-Deoxyribofuranoside (1988)

Several 4-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 2′, 3′-dideoxyribofuranosides including 2′,3′-dideoxytubercidin (10) and 2′,3′-dideoxy-7-carbainosine (12) are prepared from 4-chloro-7-(2,3-dideoxy-β-D-glycero-pentofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidine (8). Compound 8 is obtained from the corresponding 4-chloro-7-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidine (4a) via Barton-deoxygenation. Its protected precursor 3 is accessible in 81% yield by solid-liquid phase-transfer glycosylation.
Gas Permeability Measurement of Graphene Films (2018)

Graphene has extremely high strength and thermal conductivity, which can possibly be used for high-power beam window in accelerator. In this paper, gas permeabilities of different graphene films have been measured by the permeation measurement facility. According to the results, the possibility of the graphene-made beam windows will be discussed.
Cell wall composition and degradability of stem tissue from lucerne divergently selected for lignin and <i>in vitro</i> dry‐matter disappearance (1994)

Abstract Lucerne populations that had previously been divergently selected for acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations of whole herbage were additionally divergently selected for in vitro dry‐matter disappearance (IVDMD) of basal stems. Parental plants of the four selected populations were intercrossed and the half‐sib progeny evaluated in a replicated field trial in 1988 over two harvests. Cell wall composition of basal stems was determined for detergent fibre components and neutral sugars, uronic acids, Klason lignin and esterified and etherified phenolic acids of the total fibre fraction. Lignin polymer composition was measured by nitrobenzene oxidation. Degradability of cell wall polysaccharide components was determined by a 48‐h in vitro ruminal fermentation. Cell wall composition was changed by both selection criteria. Klason lignin proportion of the total fibre did not differ as a result of selection, whereas the ADL concentration of neutral detergent fibre was different among selection groups. The cell wall polysaccharides of lucerne basal stems shifted towards more cellulose (glucose residues) and less hemicellulose (xylose residues) with selection for either low ADL or high IVDMD. While degradability of the cell wall polysaccharides was correlated with various measures of lignin composition and concentration, the results were variable and inconclusive. Surprisingly, Kiason lignin and ADL were positively correlated with cell wall polysaccharide degradability, and esterified ferulic acid was negatively correlated with degradation of the cell wall. Selection for herbage ADL and basal stem IVDMD of lucerne did alter cell wall degradation, but the associated changes in cell wall lignification were not consistently correlated with cell wall degradability.
Membrane separation systems---A research and development needs assessment (1990)

Membrane based separation technology, a relative newcomer on the separations scene, has demonstrated the potential of saving enormous amounts of energy in the processing industries if substituted for conventional separation systems. Over 1 quad annually, out of 2.6, can possibly be saved in liquid-to-gas separations, alone, if membrane separation systems gain wider acceptance, according to a recent DOE/OIP (DOE/NBM-80027730 (1986)) study. In recent years great strides have been made in the field and offer even greater energy savings in the future when substituted for other conventional separation techniques such as distillation, evaporation, filtration, sedimentation, and absorption. An assessment was conducted by a group of six internationally known membrane separations experts who examined the worldwide status of research in the seven major membrane areas. This encompassed four mature technology areas: reverse osmosis, micorfiltration, ultrafiltration, and electrodialysis; two developing areas: gas separation and and pervaporation; and one emerging technology: facilitated transport. Particular attention was paid to identifying the innovative processes currently emerging, and even further improvements which could gain wider acceptance for the more mature membrane technology. The topics that were pointed out as having the greatest research emphasis are pervaporation for organic-organic separations; gas separation; micorfiltration; an oxidant-resistant reverse osmosis membrane; and a fouling-resistant ultrafiltration membrane. 35 refs., 6 figs., 22 tabs.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Associated With Long-Term Use of Hydroxychloroquine for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2016)

Hydroxychloroquine (HQ) is commonly prescribed for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. We report a case of a 75-year-old female presenting with de novo decompensated heart failure and restrictive cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction: 40%-45%) after treatment with HQ for more than 11 years. Hydroxychloroquine was discontinued, and follow-up echocardiogram 57 days after discontinuation showed normalization of her left ventricular ejection fraction. A score of 7 on the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale indicates that HQ is a probable cause of this patient's cardiomyopathy. An adverse drug effect due to HQ should be considered in treated patients who present with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Discontinuation may allow for partial or complete reversal of the cardiomyopathy.
Vanillin-based resin for use in composite applications (2012)

Lignin is an abundant, renewable material that has the potential to yield valuable, low molecular weight, single aromatic chemicals when strategically depolymerized. In order to generate a highly bio-based thermoset for use in polymer composites, a lignin-derived chemical, vanillin, was methacrylated in a two-step, one-pot synthesis to produce a vinyl ester resin (87 cP at 25 °C) with a 1 : 1 mole ratio of a mono-functional monomer, methacrylated vanillin, to cross-linking agent, glycerol dimethacrylate. The synthetic scheme was solventless, required little catalyst and moderate reaction temperatures while generating no by-products. Upon resin curing, a hard, transparent thermoset with a broad glass transition, Tg = 155 °C (based on the tan δ maximum), and a temperature of maximum decomposition rate, Tmax, of 426 °C was produced. Overall, a potentially 100% bio-based thermoset was synthesized possessing comparable thermo-gravimetric and thermo-mechanical properties to commercial vinyl ester-based thermosets.
Active Object Detection Using Double DQN and Prioritized Experience Replay (2018)

Visual object detection is one of the fundamental tasks in computer vision and robotics. Small scale, partial capture and occlusion often occur in robotic applications, most existing object detection algorithms perform poorly in such situations. While a robot can look at one object from different views and plan its trajectory in the next few steps, which can lead to better observations. We formulate it as a sequential action-decision process, and develop a deep reinforcement learning architecture to solve the active object detection problem. A double deep Q-learning network (DQN) is applied to predict an action at each step. Experimental validation on the Active Vision Dataset shows the efficiency of the proposed method.
HPLC Determination of Ciclopirox, Octopirox, and Pyrithiones in Pharmaceuticals and Antidandruff Preparations (1998)

Abstract A simple and rapid HPLC method for the determination of ciclopirox, octopirox, and pyrithiones in pharmaceutical or antidandruff formulations has been developed. HPLC was carried out on a Purospher® RP-18 endcapped column using acetonitrile-water containing 0.02 M ortophosphoric acid and 0.5 mM EDTA disodium salt, (68:32, v/v) as the mobile phase and UV detection at 305 or 340 nm. The extraction procedure has been validated analysing samples spiked with known amounts of the active principles. The recoveries were greater than 94% and the reproducibility was within 3%.
Transport sector restructuring in the Baltic States towards EU accession (2004)

The content of the second seminar reflects transport sector issues in view of European Union (EU) membership in addition to the themes addressed already in the first seminar in Riga. The objective of the two seminars has been to allow the personnel involved in each of the transport modes to exchange information on what they have accomplished in their countries, to compare the degree of progress that they have made, and to assess what types of action have achieved the best results. This in turn provides a basis for generating constructive ideas for additional restructuring activity in the future, including those measures required by EU member countries.