gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Modality Vertebra Recognition in Arbitrary Views Using 3D Deformable Hierarchical Model (2015)

Computer-aided diagnosis of spine problems relies on the automatic identification of spine structures in images. The task of automatic vertebra recognition is to identify the global spine and local vertebra structural information such as spine shape, vertebra location and pose. Vertebra recognition is challenging due to the large appearance variations in different image modalities/views and the high geometric distortions in spine shape. Existing vertebra recognitions are usually simplified as vertebrae detections, which mainly focuses on the identification of vertebra locations and labels but cannot support further spine quantitative assessment. In this paper, we propose a vertebra recognition method using 3D deformable hierarchical model (DHM) to achieve cross-modality local vertebra location+pose identification with accurate vertebra labeling, and global 3D spine shape recovery. We recast vertebra recognition as deformable model matching, fitting the input spine images with the 3D DHM via deformations. The 3D model-matching mechanism provides a more comprehensive vertebra location+pose+label simultaneous identification than traditional vertebra location+label detection, and also provides an articulated 3D mesh model for the input spine section. Moreover, DHM can conduct versatile recognition on volume and multi-slice data, even on single slice. Experiments show our method can successfully extract vertebra locations, labels, and poses from multi-slice T1/T2 MR and volume CT, and can reconstruct 3D spine model on different image views such as lumbar, cervical, even whole spine. The resulting vertebra information and the recovered shape can be used for quantitative diagnosis of spine problems and can be easily digitalized and integrated in modern medical PACS systems.
Applications of phase-contrast x-ray imaging to medicine using an x-ray interferometer (1999)

We are investigating possible medical applications of phase- contrast X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer. This paper introduces the strategy of the research project and the present status. The main subject is to broaden the observation area to enable in vivo observation. For this purpose, large X-ray interferometers were developed, and 2.5 cm X 1.5 cm interference patterns were generated using synchrotron X-rays. An improvement of the spatial resolution is also included in the project, and an X-ray interferometer designed for high-resolution phase-contrast X-ray imaging was fabricated and tested. In parallel with the instrumental developments, various soft tissues are observed by phase- contrast X-ray CT to find correspondence between the generated contrast and our histological knowledge. The observation done so far suggests that cancerous tissues are differentiated from normal tissues and that blood can produce phase contrast. Furthermore, this project includes exploring materials that modulate phase contrast for selective imaging.
Nanoscale optofluidic sensor arrays for Dengue virus detection (2007)

Here we present our work towards the development of Nanoscale Optofluidic Sensor Arrays (NOSA), which is an optofluidic architecture for performing label free, highly parallel, detections of biomolecular interactions. The approach is based on the use of optically resonant devices whose resonant wavelength is shifted due to a local change in refractive index caused by a positive binding event between a surface bound molecule and it solution phase target. A special two stage micro-/nanofluidics architecture is used to first functionalize the devices and then to deliver the targets. Two variants of the NOSA will be presented here. The first approach utilizes a 1D resonant cavity in a 1D silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide with a unique differential size functionalization approach. This approach allows binding events at one or at a combination of the many sensing sites which causes a unique shift in the output resonator spectrum. The latter approach consists of a SOI waveguide evanescently coupled to multiple 1-D photonic crystal resonators of different sizes along the length, each of which is functionalized with a different oligonucleotide probe. These devices have an extremely low limit of detection and are compatible with aqueous environments. The primary advantage of these devices over existing technology is that it combines the sensitivity (limit of detection) of nanosensor technology with the parallelism of the microarray type format. Our initial application is in the detection of viral RNA of Dengue virus.
C-1073 (Mifepristone) in the Adjunctive Treatment of Alzheimers Disease (2005)

Alzheimer's disease is frequently associated with abnormalities in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. Elevated cortisol levels in Alzheimer's disease may in turn be associated with a more rapid progression of the illness. In addition, elevated cortisol levels may directly contribute to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Mifepristone is a potent antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor and blocks the central actions of cortisol. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of glucocorticoid receptor blockade with mifepristone on cognition in Alzheimer's disease.
Field Study of Dried Blood Spot Specimens for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping (2014)

Dried blood spots (DBS) are an alternative specimen type for HIV drug resistance genotyping in resource-limited settings. Data relating to the impact of DBS storage and shipment conditions on genotyping efficiency under field conditions are limited. We compared the genotyping efficiencies and resistance profiles of DBS stored and shipped at different temperatures to those of plasma specimens collected in parallel from patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. Plasma and four DBS cards from anti-coagulated venous blood and a fifth card from finger-prick blood were prepared from 103 HIV patients with a median viral load (VL) of 57,062 copies/ml (range, 1,081 to 2,964,191). DBS were stored at ambient temperature for 2 or 4 weeks or frozen at -80 °C and shipped from Uganda to the United States at ambient temperature or frozen on dry ice for genotyping using a broadly sensitive in-house method. Plasma (97.1%) and DBS (98.1%) stored and shipped frozen had similar genotyping efficiencies. DBS stored frozen (97.1%) or at ambient temperature for 2 weeks (93.2%) and shipped at ambient temperature also had similar genotyping efficiencies. Genotyping efficiency was reduced for DBS stored at ambient temperature for 4 weeks (89.3%, P = 0.03) or prepared from finger-prick blood and stored at ambient temperature for 2 weeks (77.7%, P < 0.001) compared to DBS prepared from venous blood and handled similarly. Resistance profiles were similar between plasma and DBS specimens. This report delineates the optimal DBS collection, storage, and shipping conditions and opens a new avenue for cost-saving ambient-temperature DBS specimen shipments for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) surveillances in resource-limited settings.
Adaptive Zone Model Predictive Control of Artificial Pancreas Based on Glucose- and Velocity-Dependent Control Penalties (2018)

The results validate the feasibility of improving glucose regulation through glucose- and velocity-dependent control penalty adaptation in MPC design.
Synthesis of Difurfuryl Diamines by the Acidic Condensation of Furfurylamine with Aldehydes and Their Mechanism of Formation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Difurfuryl Diamines by the Acidic Condensation of Furfurylamine with Aldehydes and Their Mechanism of FormationMichael S. Holfinger, Anthony H. Conner, David R. Holm, and Charles G. Hill Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6, 1595–1598Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00111a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00111a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views994Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mid-air Haptic Texture Exploration in VR (2022)

Mid-air haptic feedback technology has traditionally been used to enhance gesture input interactions such as pressing a holographic button, swiping through a menu, or when grasping a virtual object. Here we present a VR research demo that expands such interactions to include for active haptic exploration. In the demo, the user can explore a virtual object using both hands and feel its intrinsic properties such as consistency and texture. The paper describes the physical apparatus used and its reasoning, the haptic rendering techniques leveraged, the research questions we plan to explore, and its relevance to applications such as VR shopping.
BIST-based delay-fault testing in FPGAs (2003)

We present the first delay-fault testing approach for FPGAs, applicable both for manufacturing and for on-line testing. Our approach is based on BIST, is comprehensive, and does not require expensive ATE. We have successfully implemented this BIST approach on the ORCA 2C series FPGA.
Psychosis of Parkinson's disease: serotonin 2A receptor inverse agonists as potential therapeutics. (2003)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of central dopaminergic systems. Current therapies designed to augment dopaminergic neurotransmission effectively treat the motoric aspects of the disease, however, with prolonged use, they produce a range of treatment-limiting side effects. Of these, neuropsychiatric abnormalities including hallucinosis and psychosis are common, disabling and refractory to most current therapies. This review describes the clinical syndrome of psychosis in PD and data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of existing antipsychotic agents, and presents the scientific rationale for the development of serotonin 2A receptor inverse agonists as potential therapeutic agents for treatment-induced psychosis of PD.
Impairment metrics for digital video and their role in objective quality assessment (2000)

In this paper we discuss work on quantification of video impairments resulting from MPEG compression, their role, and their scope of application for objective quality assessment. Three important metrics, blocking artifacts level, ringing artifact level, and corner outlier artifact level have been used to create a combined impairment metric. The relevance of this metric to develop an objective quality assessment has been investigated, as well as the issues facing the creation of a no-reference quality metric. The main issues are overall metric completeness, and performance of the individual metric components. The impairment metrics that we have studied appear to be key components for future no- reference type of objective quality metrics. Impairment metrics are also of great importance because they allow closing the detect-measure-correct loop that is necessary to improve image quality in real time. Applications of single- ended quality metrics include multimedia home terminals, STBs, digital TV, and low bit-rate video applications such as IP videotelephony and video streaming over IP.
Multifunctional acrylate monomers, dimers and oligomers: Applications from contact lenses to wood‐polymer composites (1991)

Abstract The synthesis of various esters of α‐hydroxymethylacrylate are summarized along with a brief description of their properties and polymerizability. Polymer characterization is given, including thermal behavior, solubility and spectroscopic properties. Derivatives of the acrylates are generated through reaction of the alcohol group to give halides, esters, ethers, and ether dimers. The last, along with additional multifunctional acrylates generated through the chemistry inherent in the synthetic approach, allow formation of a number of cyclopolymers, Michael polyadducts, and crosslinked systems.
Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) Focal Planes for Long Wave Imaging (1998)

In this paper, we discuss the development of very sensitive long wavelength infrared GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) based on bound-to-quasibound intersubband transition, fabrication of light coupling schemes for efficient light coupling, and demonstration of several long wavelength infrared cameras based on QWIP focal plane arrays.
An inner-ear drug delivery platform with fully integrated control, actuation, and fluidics hardware (2014)

Here we report on advances toward a miniaturized, fully-integrated intracochlear drug-delivery micropump and controller. Our device is designed to be worn as a head mount for guinea-pig animal models (with the ultimate goal of generating an implantable device for humans) that delivers liquid-solubilized drug through a cannula to the inner ear. Our completed platform will have infuse-withdraw capabilities, and an integrated drug reservoir. Here we present experimental data demonstrating the performance of a simplified version of the device, which has no drug reservoir and is operated only in infusion mode (though it is capable of withdrawing fluid as well). We show that our device successfully delivers the desired infusion profile in a guinea pig model.
Effect of spatial coherence on photolithographic phase mask performance (1996)

Since Marc Levenson’s introduction of phase masks to photolithography [1], there have been numerous improvements in their design and fabrication [2-6]. One issue not yet considered is the effect of illumination source spatial coherence on the effectiveness of phase masks in improving resolution and focal depth. As the illumination wavelength has grown shorter (to accommodate the classical resolution limit <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq1" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≅</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mo>≅</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , sources have become more spatially coherent [7], and with the use of excimer laser illumination we approach complete spatial coherence. It has generally been assumed that increased spatial coherence improves the performance of phase masks, since it enhances the destructive interference between adjacent (opposite phase) features. Although this is true for periodic patterns, we show here that more complex images suffer a trade-off between the contrast enhancement of coherent alternating features and the larger effective aperture of incoherent imaging. This effect is particularly pronounced in complex 2-D images where phase conflict is a problem.
Chapter 3. Enthalpy Measurements of Condensed Matter by Peltier-element-based Adiabatic Scanning Calorimetry (pASC) (2017)

Adiabatic scanning calorimetry (ASC) is a technique that aims to simultaneously measure the temperature dependence of the enthalpy and the heat capacity of a liquid or solid condensed matter sample. The basic concept of ASC resides in applying a constant heating or cooling power to a sample holder containing the material to study. Although the ASC concept was first implemented in the late 1970s and further improved over the years, instruments remained largely limited to specific research applications because they required operation by skilled and trained personnel. This was not least due to elaborate construction and control to impose adiabatic conditions, as well as complicated sample cell mounting. In this chapter we describe a novel implementation, incorporating a Peltier element between the sample cell and the adiabatic shield. The new user-friendly Peltier-element-based adiabatic scanning calorimeter (pASC) allows measurements over large temperature ranges on milligram-sized samples with high resolution in temperature, enthalpy, and heat capacity. In addition to the heating and cooling modes of the pASC, it can also be used as a classical heat step calorimeter and in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) type heat-flux or power-compensated modes. As examples, enthalpy results are presented for the melting transitions of gallium and water, and for phase transitions in an aqueous lipid vesicle suspension and in a liquid crystal.
Noninvasive Cathodoluminescence-Activated Nanoimaging of Dynamic Processes in Liquids (2017)

In situ electron microscopy provides remarkably high spatial resolution, yet electron beam irradiation often damages soft materials and perturbs dynamic processes, requiring samples to be very robust. Here, we instead noninvasively image the dynamics of metal and polymer nanoparticles in a liquid environment with subdiffraction resolution using cathodoluminescence-activated imaging by resonant energy transfer (CLAIRE). In CLAIRE, a free-standing scintillator film serves as a nanoscale optical excitation source when excited by a low energy, focused electron beam. We capture the nanoscale dynamics of these particles translating along and desorbing from the scintillator surface and demonstrate 50 ms frame acquisition and a range of imaging of at least 20 nm from the scintillator surface. Furthermore, in contrast with in situ electron microscopy, CLAIRE provides spectral selectivity instead of relying on scattering alone. We also demonstrate through quantitative modeling that the CLAIRE signal from metal nanoparticles is impacted by multiplasmonic mode interferences. Our findings demonstrate that CLAIRE is a promising, noninvasive approach for super-resolution imaging for soft and fluid materials with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Flat optics with dielectric metasurfaces (2018)

Miniaturized optical systems with planar form factors and low power consumption have many applications in wearable and mobile electronics, health monitoring devices, and as integral parts of medical and industrial equipment. Flat optical devices based on dielectric metasurfaces introduce a new approach for realization of such systems at low cost using conventional nanofabrication techniques. In this talk, I will present a summary of our recent work on dielectric metasurfaces that enable precise control of both polarization and phase with large transmission and high spatial resolution. Optical metasurface components such as high numerical aperture lenses, efficient wave plates, components with novel functionalities, and their potential applications will be discussed. I will also present the results of our efforts on optimizing and increasing the diffraction efficiency of metasurfaces. Furthermore, by using metasurface cameras and planar retroreflectors as examples, I will discuss a vertical on-chip integration platform that introduces a new architecture for the on-chip integration of conventional and novel optical systems and enables their low-cost manufacturing.
Design of near-infrared single-domain fluorescent protein GAF-FP based on bacterial phytochrome (2017)

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are widely used as genetically encoded markers for quantitative and noninvasive study of biological processes. Development of biomarkers that are fluorescent in the near-infrared spectral range allows the tissues of animals to be studied at a deeper level because they are more permeable to the light of this wavelength range than that of visible range. Such properties as low molecular weight and monomeric state are important for widespread use of FPs. In this paper, we managed to obtain FP based on the chromophore-binding domain of bacterial phytochrome (BphP) from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RpB-phP1), named GAF-FP, with a molecular weight of ~19 kDa, which is half that of other FP based on BphP and 1.4 times lower than that of commonly used GFP-like proteins, which are fluorescent in the near-infrared range. In contrast to most other near-infrared FPs, GAF-FP is a monomer, which has a high photostability, and its structure is stable to the incorporation of small peptide inserts. Moreover, GAF-FP is capable of covalent attachment of two different tetrapyrrole chromophores: phycocyanobilin (PCB) and biliverdin (BV), which is contained in mammalian tissues. GAF-FP with attached BV as a chromophore (GAF-FP–BV) has the main absorption band with a maximum at 635 nm. The fluorescence maximum falls at 670 nm, whereby GAF-FP has a high ratio of the fluorescence signal to the background signal even if FP is localized at a depth of several mm below the tissue surface. Together with the near-infrared absorption band, GAF-FP–BV also has an absorption band in the violet region of the spectrum with a maximum at 378 nm. We used this property to design a chimeric protein consisting of modified luciferase from Renilla reniformis (RLuc8) and GAF-FP. We showed resonance energy transfer from the substrate, the excited state of which occurs when oxidized by luciferase, to the chromophore GAF-FP–BV in the designed fusion protein. In the absence of an energy acceptor, RLuc8 catalyzes the cleavage of the substrate with the emission of the light with a maximum at 400 nm. At the same time, the energy from the substrate is transferred to the FP chromophore and then emitted in the near-infrared range corresponding to the spectrum of GAF-FP fluorescence in the GAF-FP–RLuc8 chimeric protein. These results open the way for the development of new small near-infrared FPs based on various natural BphPs with a view to their widespread use in cell and molecular biology.