gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Decontamination of Tritiated Materials Employing Ozone Gas (2002)

The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has developed a process by which to significantly reduce surface and near surface tritium contamination from various materials. The Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System (OTDS) reacts gaseous state ozone (accelerated by presence of catalyst), with tritium entrained/deposited on the surface of components (stainless steel, copper, plastics, ceramics, etc.) for the purpose of activity reduction by means of oxidation-reduction chemistry.1 In addition to removing surface and near surface tritium contamination from (high monetary value) components for re-use in non-tritium environments, the OTDS has the capability of removing tritium from the surfaces of expendable items, which can then be disposed of in a less expensive fashion. The OTDS can be operated in a batch mode by which up to approximately 20kg of tritium contaminated (expendable) items can be processed and decontaminated to levels permissible for free release (< 16.66Bq/100cm2). This paper will discuss the OTDS process, the level of tritium surface contamination removed from various materials, and a technique for “deep scrubbing” tritium from sub-surface layers.
Gazelle: Energy-Efficient Wearable Analysis for Running (2016)

Running is one of the most popular sports with hundreds of millions of participants worldwide. Good running form is the key to fast, efficient, and injury-free running. Existing kinematic analysis technologies, such as high-speed camera systems, are expensive, difficult to operate, and exclusive to sports physiology laboratories and elite athletes. Miniature MEMS-based motion sensors enable portable high-precision kinematic analysis, but suffer from high energy consumption hence short battery lifetime, especially for continued online analysis for running. This paper presents Gazelle, a wearable online analysis system for running that is compact, lightweight, accurate, and highly energy efficient; intended for runners of all levels. To enable long-term maintenance-free mobile analysis for running, Sparse Adaptive Sensing (SAS) is proposed, which selectively identifies the best sampling points to maintain high accuracy while greatly reducing sensing and analysis energy overheads. Experimental results demonstrate 97.7 percent accuracy with 76.9 to 99 percent reduced energy consumption (83.6 percent average reduction under real-world testing)-a one-order-of-magnitude improvement over existing solutions. SAS enables > 200 days of continuous high-precision operation using only a coin-cell battery. Since 2014, Gazelle has been used by over 100 elite and recreational runners during daily training and at top-level races like the Kona Ironman World Championships and New York Marathon.
A 5.5-W Single-Stage Single-Pumped Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier at 1550 nm (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. R. Jacobovitz-Veselka, R. P. Espindola, C. Headley, A. J. Stentz, S. Kosinski, D. Inniss, D. Tipton, D. J. DiGiovanni, M. Andrejco, J. DeMarco, C. Soccolich, S. Cabot, N. Conti, J. J. Veselka, L. Gruner-Nielsen, T. Strasser, R. Pedrazzani, A. Hale, K. S. Kranz, R. G. Huff, G. Nykolak, P. Hansen, D. Boggavarapu, X. He, D. Caffey, S. Gupta, S. Srinivasan, R. Pleak, K. McEven, and R. Patel, "A 5.5-W Single-Stage Single-Pumped Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier at 1550 nm," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, M. Zervas, A. Willner, and S. Sasaki, eds., Vol. 16 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper FAW21. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Practical Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (2013)

A novel protocol - measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
(MDI-QKD) - removes all attacks from the detection system, the most vulnerable
part in QKD implementations. In this paper, we present an analysis for
practical MDI-QKD. To evaluate its performance, we study various error sources
by developing a general system model. We find that MDI-QKD is highly practical
and thus can be easily implemented with standard optical devices. Importantly,
we present a simple analytical method with only two (general) decoy states for
the finite decoy-state analysis. This method can be used directly by
experimentalists to demonstrate MDI-QKD. Moreover, by combining the system
model with the finite decoy-state method, we present a general framework for
the optimal choice of the intensities of the signal and decoy states.
Furthermore, we consider a common situation, namely asymmetric MDI-QKD, in
which the two quantum channels have different transmittances. We investigate
its properties and discuss how to optimize its performance. Our work is of
interest not only to experiments demonstrating MDI-QKD but also to other
non-QKD experiments involving quantum interference.
Self-Assembly of Millimeter-Scale Components Using Integrated Micromagnets (2008)

This paper demonstrates and characterizes magnetically-directed self-assembly of 1 mm times 1 mm times 500 mum silicon components into an ordered array on a planar substrate. Each silicon component includes an embedded, microfabricated magnet on one surface that bonds to a corresponding magnetic receptor site (another embedded magnet) on the substrate. Two different magnet sizes are explored, corresponding to 25% and 75% of the bonding surface area. Using a shaker apparatus for mixing in a dry environment, studies are conducted to determine the assembly rates and yields. For the smaller magnets, a 4 times 4 array of components is shown to assemble onto a substrate with 97.5% yield in 10 s. The larger magnets indicate a 98.7% yield in 7 s.
Post etch cleaning of dual damascene system integrating copper and SiLK/sup TM/ (2003)

This work presents an approach to the cleaning process for the integration of copper and SiLK/sup TM/ in a dual damascene structure. This paper addresses some problems of post etch residue removal and copper contamination, as well as a wet only process for resist removal with exposed SiLK/sup TM/.
A Low-Cost Precise Navigation Solution using Single-Frequency GPS Receiver (2009)

NavCom Technology has recently developed a singlefrequency
Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) system based on
low-cost single-frequency receivers. This singlefrequency
RTK system is able to deliver high accuracy
real-time RTK positioning performance that is
competitive with dual-frequency systems, but with much
lower hardware cost.

Unlike dual-frequency RTK, low-cost single-frequency
RTK has no access to pseudorange and carrier phase
measurements on the GPS L2 frequency. This leads to
fewer measurements in the single-frequency RTK Kalman
filter. In addition, the ionospheric effect can not be
eliminated by forming refraction corrected combinations
using dual-frequency measurements. Therefore, the
baseline between the reference station and the rover
receiver is limited to a few kilometers. Special attention
also needs to be drawn to the antenna selection with the
single-frequency RTK system. Dual frequency RTK
systems usually use multipath reducing antennas, but the
antennas used with single-frequency receivers generally
have limited multipath mitigation capability. A singlefrequency GPS antenna with good multipath mitigation
capability is highly recommended for the singlefrequency
RTK system.

Test results show that single-frequency RTK with the
NavCom proprietary RTK Extend capability are able to
achieve 1-2 centimeter positioning accuracy in both static
and kinematic conditions. With reasonable accuracy and
reliability, the single-frequency RTK system has
significant market potential in various market segments,
such as land survey and mapping, GIS data collection,
construction, and machine control.
Biological sensing with magnetic nanoparticles using Brownian relaxation (invited) (2005)

Magnetic nanoparticles coated with biochemical ligands are enabling many biological and medical applications. In particular biomagnetic sensors have potential advantages of simplicity and rapidity. We demonstrate a substrate-free biomagnetic sensing approach using the magnetic ac susceptibility of ferromagnetic particles suspended in a liquid. The magnetic relaxation of these particles is mainly due to Brownian rotational diffusion, which can be modified by binding the particles to the intended target. This scheme has several advantages: (i) it requires only one binding event; (ii) there is an inherent check of integrity; and (iii) the signal contains additional information about the target size.
The potential for emerging therapeutic options for<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection (2014)

Clostridium difficile is mainly a nosocomial pathogen and is a significant cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is also implicated in the majority of cases of pseudomembranous colitis. Recently, advancements in next generation sequencing technology (NGS) have highlighted the extent of damage to the gut microbiota caused by broad-spectrum antibiotics, often resulting in C. difficile infection (CDI). Currently the treatment of choice for CDI involves the use of metronidazole and vancomycin. However, recurrence and relapse of CDI, even after rounds of metronidazole/vancomycin administration is a problem that must be addressed. The efficacy of alternative antibiotics such as fidaxomicin, rifaximin, nitazoxanide, ramoplanin and tigecycline, as well as faecal microbiota transplantation has been assessed and some have yielded positive outcomes against C. difficile. Some bacteriocins have also shown promising effects against C. difficile in recent years. In light of this, the potential for emerging treatment options and efficacy of anti-C. difficile vaccines are discussed in this review.
Enhanced Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Detecting and Quantifying <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> in Plants (2000)

ABSTRACT Sensitive and specific primer sets for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Phytophthora infestans, the oomycete that causes late blight of potato and tomato, were developed based on families of highly repeated DNA. The performance of these primers was compared to those developed previously for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. The detection limit using the new primers is 10 fg of P. infestans DNA, or 0.02 nuclei. This is about 100 times more sensitive than ITS-directed primers. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows the measurement of down to 0.1 fg of DNA using the new primers. To enhance the reliability of diagnostic assays, an internal positive control was developed using an amplification mimic. The mimic also served as a competitor for quantitative PCR, which was used to assess the growth of P. infestans in resistant and susceptible tomato. A key dimension of this study was that two laboratories independently checked the specificity and sensitivity of each primer set; differences were noted that should be considered when PCR is adopted for diagnostic applications in any system.
<title>Brightness increase in an LCD stereo display</title> (1994)

A practical head mounted display (HMD) has to be light enough and bright enough to wear and view without undue strain on the users head or eyes. A 10 pound CRT based helmet is not always out of the question but binocular or stereo HMDs using LCDs rather than CRTs need only weigh in at around one pound complete with electronics and are far more comfortable to wear. The space bandwidth product or pixel count of LCDs is now approaching that of CRT type displays but LCDs could use a big boost in brightness, especially for see thru designs. The see thru or head up style has many user advantages and this paper addresses ways to more efficiently transmit photons from the source to the eye in one such design. All of the components that are used to improve performance may be made holographically or in an alternate fashion. The most practical method of construction is probably a toss up for some components.
Variable-focus liquid lens (2007)

A variable-focus liquid lens using a transparent flat cell is demonstrated. The top substrate has an aperture which is sealed with a thin elastic membrane on the outer surface and the bottom aperture is sealed on the inner surface of the bottom substrate. By applying a pressure to the outer membrane inward causes the liquid to redistribute and swell the inner membrane outward which, in turn, forms a plano-convex lens. To prove principles, a water lens with 5 mm aperture was fabricated. The resolution is better than 25 lp/mm and the response time is approximately 40 ms. Potential applications of such a lens for real-time active imaging are emphasized.
Fibroblast Aggregation Rate Converges with Validated Peripheral Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease (2014)

The inaccuracy of the diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has made its therapeutic intervention difficult, particularly early enough to prevent significant neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Here, we describe a novel, highly accurate peripheral diagnostic for AD patients based on quantitatively measured aggregation rate of human skin fibroblasts. The elevated aggregation rate with increasing cell density in AD cases is the basis of this new biomarker. The new biomarker was successfully cross-validated with two more mature assays, AD-Index, based on the imbalances of ERK1/2, and Morphology, based on network dynamics, and showed 92% overlap. A significant number of cases tested with this new biomarker were freshly obtained (n = 29), and 82% of the cases are hyper-validated cases, i.e., autopsy and/or genetically confirmed AD or non-Alzheimer's disease demented patients (Non-ADD) and non-demented age-matched controls. Furthermore, we show that by using a simple majority rule, i.e., two out of the three assays have the same outcome, we significantly increase the agreement with clinical AD diagnosis (100%). Based on the high accuracy of this strategy, the biomarker profile appears to accurately identify AD patients for therapeutic intervention.
Scheduling strategies for optimistic parallel execution of irregular programs (2008)

Recent application studies have shown that many irregular applications have a generalized data parallelism that manifests itself as iterative computations over worklists of different kinds. In general, there are complex dependencies between iterations. These dependencies cannot be elucidated statically because they depend on the inputs to the program; thus, optimistic parallel execution is the only tractable approach to parallelizing these applications.
Corrigendum: Digital Quantification of DNA Replication and Chromosome Segregation Enables Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility after only 15 Minutes of Antibiotic Exposure (2017)

In the “Antibiotic exposure time course experiments” section of the “Experimental Section” of the Supporting Information for this Communication, “early logarithmic” should read “early stationary (OD600 3.1–6.9).” Also, the authors do not recommend the use of Epicentre QuickExtract RNA Extraction Solution for pathogens because they found that this solution does not reproducibly and completely lyse some clinical E. coli isolates, which could present a biohazard unless the extracts are handled at the appropriate biosafety level.
Subsurface Photodisruption in Human Sclera: Wavelength Dependence (2003)

Completely subsurface photodisruptions can be accomplished in human sclera in vitro. In vivo studies are required to evaluate the potential use of this technology for scleral applications.
Writing cosets of a convolutional code to increase the Lifetime of Flash memory (2012)

The goal of this paper is to extend the lifetime of Flash memory by reducing the frequency with which a given page of memory is erased. This is accomplished by increasing the number of writes that are possible before erasure is necessary. Redundancy is introduced into the write process to decrease the number of memory cells that are impacted by a given write, and to even out the impact of writing across an entire page of memory. Improvements are expressed in terms of write efficiency and lifetime gain. Write efficiency is the ratio of cells written to cells available, and lifetime gain is the ratio of coded writes to the baseline of uncoded writing. We use a physical model that allows multiple writes to a given region of memory. This can be realized with single level cells or with multi-level cells. Data is written to memory in the form of a coset of a convolutional code. The coset is represented by a binary vector that is selected by the Viterbi algorithm to minimize the number of cells impacted by the write (Hamming weight) and to even out the number of writes to each cell within a given page. Several different Viterbi metrics are evaluated. It is shown that page write efficiencies of over 85% and lifetime gains of over 500% are possible with only modest encoding and decoding complexity. It is also straightforward to integrate lifetime extension with standard methods of error correction by requiring that the coset representative be drawn from an error correcting code. An example is provided where single error correction is provided using a Hamming code.
Non-interferometric photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy (2017)

Elasto-optical refractive index modulation due to photoacoustic initial pressure transients produced significant reflection of a probe beam when the absorbing interface had an appreciable refractive index difference. This effect was harnessed in a new form of non-contact optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy called photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy. A non-interferometric system architecture with a low-coherence probe beam precludes detection of surface oscillations and other phase-modulation phenomenon. The probe beam was confocal with a scanned excitation beam to ensure detection of initial pressure-induced intensity reflections at the subsurface origin where pressures are largest. Phantom studies confirmed signal dependence on optical absorption, index contrast and excitation fluence. <i>In vivo</i> imaging of superficial microvasculature and melanoma tumors was demonstrated with ~2.7±0.5 μm lateral resolution.
Aquacore (2007)

Advances in microfluidic research has enabled lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology to achieve miniaturization and integration of biological and chemical analyses to a single chip comprising channels, valves, mixers, heaters, separators, and sensors. These miniature instruments appear to offer the rare combination of faster, cheaper, and higher-precision analyses in comparison to conventional bench-scale methods. LoCs have been applied to diverse domains such as proteomics, genomics, biochemistry, virology, cell biology, and chemical synthesis. However, to date LoCs have been designed as application-specific chips which incurs significant design effort, turn-around time, and cost, and degrades designer and user productivity. To address these limitations, we envision a programmable LoC (PLoC) and propose a comprehensive fluidic instruction set, called AquaCore Instruction Set (AIS), and a fluidic microarchitecture, called AquaCore, to implement AIS. We present four key design aspects in which the AIS and AquaCore differ from their computer counterparts, and our design decisions made on the basis of the implications of these differences. We demonstrate the use of the PLoC in a range of domains by hand-compiling real-world microfluidic assays in AIS, and show a detailed breakdown of the execution times for the assays and an estimate of the chip area.
Cochlear Dummy Electrodes for Insertion Training and Research Purposes: Fabrication, Mechanical Characterization, and Experimental Validation (2015)

To develop skills sufficient for hearing preservation cochlear implant surgery, surgeons need to perform several electrode insertion trials in ex vivo temporal bones, thereby consuming relatively expensive electrode carriers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the insertion characteristics of cochlear electrodes in a plastic scala tympani model and to fabricate radio opaque polymer filament dummy electrodes of equivalent mechanical properties. In addition, this study should aid the design and development of new cochlear electrodes. Automated insertion force measurement is a new technique to reproducibly analyze and evaluate the insertion dynamics and mechanical characteristics of an electrode. Mechanical properties of MED-EL's FLEX(28), FLEX(24), and FLEX(20) electrodes were assessed with the help of an automated insertion tool. Statistical analysis of the overall mechanical behavior of the electrodes and factors influencing the insertion force are discussed. Radio opaque dummy electrodes of comparable characteristics were fabricated based on insertion force measurements. The platinum-iridium wires were replaced by polymer filament to provide sufficient stiffness to the electrodes and to eradicate the metallic artifacts in X-ray and computed tomography (CT) images. These low-cost dummy electrodes are cheap alternatives for surgical training and for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo research purposes.
Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary supercritical fluid chromatographyMilos. Novotny, Stephen R. Springston, Paul A. Peaden, John C. Fjeldsted, and Milton L. LeeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 3, 407–414Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00226a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00226a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views569Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts