gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE ON GROWTH OF <i>HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS</i> (CHLOROPHYCEAE)<sup>1</sup> (1994)

ABSTRACT The growth characteristics of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow were determined in batch culture. Optimal temperature for growth of the alga was between 25° and 28°C, at which the specific growth rate was 0.054 h −1 . At higher temperatures, no cell division was observed, and cell diameter increased from 5 to 25 μm. The saturated irradiance for growth of the alga was 90 μmol quanta · m −2 ·s −1 ; under higher irradiances (e.g. 400 μmol quanta·m −2 ·s −1 ) astaxanthin accumulation was induced. Growth rate, cell cycle, and astaxanthin accumulation were significantly affected by growth conditions. Careful attention should be given to the use of optimal growth conditions when studying these processes.
Optically activated core flow shifting within a focused flow (2011)

We report on the application of an optical beam to redirect sheathed micro-fluidic flow without direct interaction with the sample. The hydrodynamic properties of the sheath are locally modified due to optical heating, resulting in a spatial shift of the sample flow. We characterize this technique for a range of flow rates and demonstrate up to 100 μm shift at peak flow velocities of 19 mm/s. We also model the temperature and viscosity changes, as well as the flow velocity profiles for a two-fluid flow with different viscosities. The calculated shifts in the flow profile correspond well with the measured shifts.
Relationships between CD4 Independence, Neutralization Sensitivity, and Exposure of a CD4-Induced Epitope in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein (2001)

A CD4-independent version of the X4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) HXBc2 envelope (Env) protein, termed 8x, mediates infection of CD4-negative, CXCR4-positive cells, binds directly to CXCR4 in the absence of CD4 due to constitutive exposure of a conserved coreceptor binding site in the gp120 subunit, and is more sensitive to antibody-mediated neutralization. To study the relationships between CD4 independence, neutralization sensitivity, and exposure of CD4-induced epitopes associated with the coreceptor binding site, we generated a large panel of Env mutants and chimeras between 8x and its CD4-dependent parent, HXBc2. We found that a frameshift mutation just proximal to the gp41 cytoplasmic domain in 8x Env was necessary but not sufficient for CD4 independence and led to increased exposure of the coreceptor binding site. In the presence of this altered cytoplasmic domain, single amino acid changes in either the 8x V3 (V320I) or V4/C4 (N386K) regions imparted CD4 independence, with other changes playing a modulatory role. The N386K mutation resulted in loss of an N-linked glycosylation site, but additional mutagenesis showed that it was the presence of a lysine rather than loss of the glycosylation site that contributed to CD4 independence. However, loss of the glycosylation site alone was sufficient to render Env neutralization sensitive, providing additional evidence that carbohydrate structures shield important neutralization determinants. Exposure of the CD4-induced epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 17b and which overlaps the coreceptor binding site was highly sensitive to an R298K mutation at the base of the V3 loop and was often but not always associated with CD4 independence. Finally, while not all neutralization-sensitive Envs were CD4 independent, all CD4-independent Envs exhibited enhanced sensitivity to neutralization by HIV-1-positive human sera, indicating that the humoral immune response can exert strong selective pressure against the CD4-independent phenotype in vivo. Whether this can be used to advantage in designing more effective immunogens remains to be seen.
Progressive Clearance Labyrinth Seal for Turbo-Machinery Applications (2011)

Turbomachinery sealing is a challenging problem due to the varying clearances caused by thermal transients, vibrations, bearing lift-off etc. Leakage reduction has significant benefits in improving engine efficiency and reducing emissions. Conventional labyrinth seals have to be assembled with large clearances to avoid rubbing during large rotor transients. This results in large leakage and lower efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel Progressive Clearance Labyrinth Seal that is capable of providing passive fluidic feedback forces that balance at a small tip-clearance. A modified packing ring is supported on flexures and employs progressively tighter teeth from the upstream to the downstream direction. When the tip-clearance reduces below the equilibrium clearance, fluidic feedback forces cause the packing ring to open. Conversely, when the tip-clearance increases above the equilibrium clearance, the fluidic feedback forces cause the packing ring to close. Due to this self-correcting behavior, the seal provides high differential pressure capability, low leakage and non-contact operation even in the presence of large rotor transients. Theoretical models for the feedback phenomenon have been developed and validated by experimental results.
CIF-to-QCIF video bitstream down-conversion in the DCT domain (2002)

Many advanced video applications require converting a compressed video bitstream from the Common Intermediate Format (CIF) to the Quarter Common Intermediate Format (QCIF). This task could be performed in the pixel domain or in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. In this paper, we propose a DCT-domain approach, which requires lower complexity than that in the pixel domain. We also propose a scheme for selecting a coding mode and a motion vector for a macroblock (MB) in a QCIF video sequence from those of the corresponding CIF video without motion estimation (ME), which is computationally very expensive. Simulation results show that our DCT-domain approach reduces computational complexity by about 40% compared to the pixel-domain approach while providing comparable picture quality with about 0.4 dB degradation.
I/O-Aware Deadline Miss Ratio Management in Real-Time Embedded Databases (2007)

Recently, cheap and large capacity non-volatile memory such as flash memory is rapidly replacing disks in embedded systems. While the access time of flash memory is highly predictable, deadline misses may occur if data objects in flash memory are not properly managed in real-time embedded databases. Buffer cache can be used to mitigate this problem. However, since the workload of a real-time database cannot be precisely predicted, it may not be feasible to provide enough buffer space to satisfy all timing constraints. Several deadline miss ratio management schemes have been proposed, but they do not consider I/O activities. In this paper, we present an I/O-aware deadline miss ratio management scheme in real-time embedded databases whose secondary storage is flash memory. We propose an adaptive I/O deadline assignment scheme, in which I/O deadlines are derived from up-to-date system status. We also present a deadline miss ratio management architecture where a control theory-based feedback control loop prevents resource overload both in I/O and CPU. A simulation study shows that our approach can effectively cope with both I/O and CPU overload to achieve the desired deadline miss ratio.
Optimization of Biocatalyst Specific Activity for Glycolic Acid Production (2008)

Abstract A chemoenzymatic process has been developed that employs an immobilized microbial nitrilase biocatalyst for the conversion of glycolonitrile to high‐purity glycolic acid. The specific activity of this immobilized cell biocatalyst decreased significantly during initial use in either consecutive batch reactions with catalyst recycle, or in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor, but the nitrilase activity remaining after this initial decrease was stable under the reactions conditions. The initial stability of this immobilized cell nitrilase catalyst has been improved by treatment of the microbial cells with glutaraldehyde prior to immobilization. Conditions for glutaraldehyde treatment were defined that completely inactivated the culture without significantly affecting nitrilase activity. A method for dehydration, storage and rehydration of the carrageenan‐immobilized cells has also been demonstrated that further improves the specific activity of this biocatalyst.
Discovery of an antibody for pan-ebolavirus therapy (2016)

During the latest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa, monoclonal antibody therapy (e.g., ZMapp) was utilized to treat patients. However, due to the antigenic differences among the five ebolavirus species, the current therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are only effective against viruses of the species Zaire ebolavirus. Although this particular species has indeed caused the majority of human infections in Central and, recently, West Africa, other ebolavirus species (e.g., Sudan ebolavirus and Bundibugyo ebolavirus) have also repeatedly caused outbreaks in Central Africa and thus should not be neglected in the development of countermeasures against ebolaviruses. Here we report the generation of an ebolavirus glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody that effectively inhibits cellular entry of representative isolates of all known ebolavirus species in vitro and show its protective efficacy in mouse models of ebolavirus infections. This novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody targets a highly conserved internal fusion loop in the glycoprotein molecule and prevents membrane fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes. The discovery of this highly cross-neutralizing antibody provides a promising option for broad-acting ebolavirus antibody therapy and will accelerate the design of improved vaccines that can selectively elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies against multiple species of ebolaviruses.
Designing integrated guidance law for aerodynamic missiles by multi-objectives evolutionary algorithm and Tabu search (2009)

In this paper, a strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) based approach is proposed for designing an integrated fuzzy guidance law which consists of three fuzzy controllers. Each of these controllers is activated in a region of the interception. The distribution of the membership functions and the rules are obtained by solving a nonlinear constrained multi-objectives optimization problem where final time, energy consumption, and miss distance are treated as competing objectives. Tabu search is proposed to get the initial feasible solution for the multi-objective optimization algorithm. Then a hierarchical clustering technique is implemented to provide the decision maker with a representative and manageable Pareto-optimal set without destroying the characteristics of the tradeoff front. Moreover, a fuzzy-based mechanism is employed to extract the best compromise solution over the trade-off curve. The simulation results show that the proposed design technique was able to generate a missile guidance law with satisfactory performance with the existence of noisy measurements.
Abstract 514: Design and synthesis of substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as an antibreast cancer agents (2020)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and causes the second leading cancer deaths in women. In 2019, the American Cancer Society (ACS) reported 268,600 new cases of breast cancer in the U.S. and about 41,760 women were expected to die from the disease. Unfortunately, the recovery rate from advanced breast cancer using the current available drug treatment is still unacceptably low. In recent years, small molecule therapeutics gained a substantial popularity as they revolutionized the whole drug discovery and development process. Novel small molecule cancer drugs that are rationally designed on advanced chemical and biotechnological computations are likely to exceed the efficacy of many existing drugs. Our target, the tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) core structure is an important pharmacophore in natural products. The THIQ moieties were reported to be selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and microtubule disruptors and also possess potent cytotoxic activities such as antitumor and antimicrobial activities. In our laboratory, N-amination of substituted isoquinolines by the aminating agent, O-mesytelenesulfonylhydroxylamine and treated with acyl chlorides led to the formation of ylides. The ylides were reduced using sodium borohydride to give the desired substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines in moderate to good yields. The synthesized compounds were characterized using NMR and elemental analysis. The novel compounds were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 (ER +ve), MDA-MB-231 (ER -ve) and Ishikawa (endometrial) cancer cell lines. Compound 4-amino-N-(7-bromo-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)benzamide showed significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 values 2.7, 9.51 and 1.05 µg/mL) on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and Ishikawa cell lines, respectively in comparison to Tamoxifen (8.99, 10.64, 9.59 µg/mL, respectively). These results indicated that novel substituted THIQ derivatives can be considered as potential and effective cytotoxic agents against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and Ishikawa cell lines. This research was supported by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health under the Award Number U54 MD007582. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This research was also made possible by Grant Numbers U54CA233396, U54CA233444, and U54CA233465 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCI. Citation Format: Kinfe Ken Redda, Madhavi Gangapuram, Wang Zhang, Suresh Eyunni. Design and synthesis of substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as an antibreast cancer agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 514.
AAV-Directed Persistent Expression of a Gene Encoding Anti-Nicotine Antibody for Smoking Cessation (2012)

Current strategies to help tobacco smokers quit have limited success as a result of the addictive properties of the nicotine in cigarette smoke. We hypothesized that a single administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vector expressing high levels of an anti-nicotine antibody would persistently prevent nicotine from reaching its receptors in the brain. To test this hypothesis, we constructed an AAVrh.10 vector that expressed a full-length, high-affinity, anti-nicotine antibody derived from the Fab fragment of the anti-nicotine monoclonal antibody NIC9D9 (AAVantiNic). In mice treated with this vector, blood concentrations of the anti-nicotine antibody were dose-dependent, and the antibody showed high specificity and affinity for nicotine. The antibody shielded the brain from systemically administered nicotine, reducing brain nicotine concentrations to 15% of those in naïve mice. The amount of nicotine sequestered in the serum of vector-treated mice was more than seven times greater than that in untreated mice, with 83% of serum nicotine bound to immunoglobulin G. Treatment with the AAVantiNic vector blocked nicotine-mediated alterations in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity. In summary, a single administration of a gene transfer vector expressing a high-affinity anti-nicotine monoclonal antibody elicited persistent (18 weeks), high titers of an anti-nicotine antibody that obviated the physiologic effects of nicotine. If this degree of efficacy translates to humans, AAVantiNic could be an effective preventative therapy for nicotine addiction.
Cell Penetrating Peptides for Tumor Targeting (2011)

Anticancer drug delivery has been hindered due to cell membrane permeability and the lack of a selective marker for tumor cells. Cell permeability is related to the bioavailability of drugs and has therefore been considered to be an essential step for achieving therapeutic efficacy. While different types of transporters currently exist, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have become one of the most popular and effective tools for intracellular drug delivery. Most of the original CPPs are short peptides with basic residues. The mechanism of CPP cell entry remains to be established; however, the CPPs can deliver any type of molecular cargo including solid nanoparticles. Herein, this paper will discuss the classification of CPPs, the mechanism of cell entry, the application of CPPs in tumor therapy, and recent advances in targeted cell penetration that involve CPPs.
Techniques for improving the performance of CELP-type speech coders (1992)

Techniques for improving the performance of CELP (code excited linear prediction)-type speech coders while maintaining reasonable computational complexity are explored. A harmonic noise weighting function, which enhances the perceptual quality of the processed speech, is introduced. The combination of harmonic noise weighting and subsample pitch lag resolution significantly improves the coder performance for voiced speech. Strategies for reducing the speech coder's data rate, while maintaining speech quality, are presented. These include a method for efficient encoding of the long-term predictor lags, utilization of multiple gain vector quantizers, and a multimode definition of the speech coder frame. A 5.9-kb/s VSELP speech coder that incorporates these features is described. Complexity reduction techniques which allow the coder to be implemented using a single fixed-point DSP (digital signal processor) are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ancient, independent evolution and distinct molecular features of the novel human T-lymphotropic virus type 4 (2009)

The inferred ancient origin of HTLV-4 coinciding with the appearance of Homo sapiens, the propensity of STLVs to cross-species into humans, the fact that HTLV-1 and -2 spread globally following migrations of ancient populations, all suggest that HTLV-4 may be prevalent. Expanded surveillance and clinical studies are needed to better define the epidemiology and public health importance of HTLV-4 infection.
Miscible blends of poly(aryl ether ketone)s and polyetherimides (1988)

Abstract A new class of high performance engineering resins, poly(aryl ether ketone)s, has emerged with a property balance not offered by existing polymeric materials. Blends of poly(aryl ether ketone)s with other polymers have not been described in the open literature, although several patents have revealed interesting and important properties of certain blend combinations. Ultem polyetherimide has been found to be miscible over the entire composition range and as a consequence is a very effective heat distortion temperature builder, particularly if the poly(aryl ether ketone) is allowed to crystallize. Crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties were studied as a function of blend composition and poly(aryl ether ketone) melting point. The blends exhibited a maximum in toughness at intermediate compositions along with an accompanying maximum in poly(aryl ether ketone) crystallinity. The chemical resistance of the polyetherimide is significantly improved with the addition of a poly(aryl ether ketone). In organic chemicals, the improvement was expected when tensile stress was plotted vs. log time to rupture. However, in aqueous bases, the resistance of the blends was much greater than anticipated. This property profile suggests that these blends will be useful as thermoplastic composite matrix resins.
Programmable motion effects (2010)

Although animation is one of the most compelling aspects of computer graphics, the possibilities for depicting the movement that make dynamic scenes so exciting remain limited for both still images and animations. In our work, we experiment with motion depiction as a first-class entity within the rendering process. We extend the concept of a surface shader, which is evaluated on an infinitesimal portion of an object's surface at one instant in time, to that of a programmable motion effect, which is evaluated with global knowledge about all portions of an object's surface that pass in front of a pixel during an arbitrary long sequence of time. With this added information, our programmable motion effects can decide to color pixels long after (or long before) an object has passed in front of them. In order to compute the input required by the motion effects, we propose a 4D data structure that aggregates an object's movement into a single geometric representation by sampling an object's position at different time instances and connecting corresponding edges in two adjacent samples with a bilinear patch. We present example motion effects for various styles of speed lines, multiple stroboscopic images, temporal offsetting, and photorealistic and stylized blurring on both simple and production examples.
MIMO communication system with reconfigurable circular patch antennas (2008)

We have presented a MIMO system, equipped with MEMS reconfigurable circular patch antennas, that allows to select the antenna configuration at the receiver without the need for estimating the wireless channel for each configuration of the reconfigurable multi element antenna. Simulated results have shown that this antenna selection approach is an effective technique suitable for efficiently using pattern reconfigurable antennas in MIMO systems.
Gas production apparatus and method (1976)

This invention relates generally to the production of gases, and more particularly to the production of tritium gas in a reliable long operating lifetime systems that employs solid lithium to overcome the heretofore known problems of material compatibility and corrosion, etc., with liquid metals. The solid lithium is irradiated by neutrons inside low activity means containing a positive pressure gas stream for removing and separating the tritium from the solid lithium, and these means are contained in a low activity shell containing a thermal insulator and a neutron moderator. (auth)
Performance of CdZnTe geometrically weighted semiconductor Frisch grid radiation detectors (1999)

Semiconductor Frisch grid radiation detectors have been manufactured and tested with encouraging results. Resolution enhancement occurs as a result of combining the geometric weighting effect, the "small pixel" effect and the Frisch grid effect. The devices are operated at ambient temperature without any pulse shape correction, rejection and compensation techniques. The new devices are manufactured from CdZnTe and do not require any cooling for operation. The geometrically weighted detectors have only one signal output to a standard commercially available Ortec 142A preamplifier. The detectors operate with simple commercially available NIM electronics, hence the device design can be coupled to any typical NIM system without the need for special electronic instruments or circuits. Geometrically weighted detectors that are 1 cubic centimeter in volume were fabricated from "counter grade" material, yet have shown room temperature energy resolution of 7.5% FWHM (at 29/spl deg/C) for /sup 57/Co 122 keV gamma rays and 2.68% FWHM (at 23/spl deg/C) for /sup 137/Cs 662 keV gamma rays.