gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fas Ligand-Induced Apoptosis of Infected Human Macrophages Reduces the Viability of Intracellular <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1998)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cytolytic activity is mediated mostly by CD4+CTL in humans. CD4+CTL kill infected target cells by inducing Fas (APO-1/CD95)-mediated apoptosis. We have examined the effect of Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis of human macrophages infected in vitro with M. tuberculosis on the viability of the intracellular bacilli. Human macrophages expressed Fas and underwent apoptosis after incubation with soluble recombinant FasL. In macrophages infected either with an attenuated (H37Ra) or with a virulent (H37Rv) strain of M. tuberculosis, the apoptotic death of macrophages was associated with a substantial reduction in bacillary viability. TNF-induced apoptosis of infected macrophages was coupled with a similar reduction in mycobacterial viability, while the induction of nonapoptotic complement-induced cell death had no effect on bacterial viable counts. Infected macrophages also showed a reduced susceptibility to FasL-induced apoptosis correlating with a reduced level of Fas expression. These data suggest that apoptosis of infected macrophages induced through receptors of the TNF family could be an immune effector mechanism not only depriving mycobacteria from their growth environment but also reducing viable bacterial counts by an unknown mechanism. On the other hand, interference by M. tuberculosis with the FasL system might represent an escape mechanism of the bacteria attempting to evade the effect of apoptosis.
Cloning and characterization of the <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine operon of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1990)

Three enzymes are required for N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) utilization in Escherichia coli: enzyme IInag (gene nagE), N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase (gene nagA), and glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase (gene nagB). The three genes are located near 16 min on the E. coli chromosome. A strain of E. coli, KPN9, incapable of utilizing N-acetylglucosamine, was used to screen a genomic library of E. coli for a complementing recombinant colicin E1 plasmid that allowed for growth on N-acetylglucosamine. Plasmid pLC5-21 was found to contain all three known nag genes on a 5.7-kilobase (5.7-kb) fragment of DNA. The products of these nag genes were identified by complementation of E. coli strains with mutations in nagA, nagB, and nagE. The gene products from the 5.7-kb fragment were identified by [35S]methionine-labelled maxicells and autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. The gene products had the following relative masses (Mrs: nagE, 62,000; nagA, 45,000; nagB, 29,000. In addition, another product of Mr 44,000 was detected. The genes have been sequenced to reveal an additional open reading frame (nagC), a putative catabolite activator protein binding site that may control nagB and nagE, putative rho-independent terminator sites for nagB and nagE, and sequence homologies for RNA polymerase binding sites preceding each of the open reading frames, except for nagA. The calculated molecular weight (MWs) of the gene products derived from the sequence are as follows: nagA, 40,954; nagB, 29,657; nagC, 44,664; nagE, 68,356. No role is known for nagC, although a number of regulatory roles appear to be plausible. No obvious transcriptional termination site distal to nagC was found and another open reading frame begins after nagC. This gene, nagD, was isolated separately from pLC5-21, and the sequence revealed a protein with a calculated MW of 27,181. The nagD gene is followed by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences. The nag genes appear to be organized in an operon: nagD nagC nagA nagB nagE.
Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Three-Motor-driven Mechanical Pectoral Fin and Its Application to an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (2000)

This paper presents (1) development of a three-motor-driven mechanical pectoral fin (3MDMPF) based on the observation and analysis of three-dimensional motion of pectoral fin of a black bass, (2) its hydrodynamic characteristics, (3) development of an autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with a pair of 3MDMPFs named “BASS III” and its swimming performance. 3MDMPF can produce lead-lag motion, feathering motion and flapping motion independently. The flapping motion 3MDMPF can produce is effective in slightly increasing the thrust force compared with the case without the flapping motion. “BASS III” has a high maneuverability not only in the horizontal plane, but also in the vertical plane.
A Crossed Yne–Ene Metathesis Showing Atom Economy (1997)

No special functional groups are required for a new method of selective CC coupling of monosubstituted alkynes such as 1 with alkenes like 2. This crossed yne–ene metathesis also proceeds with atom economy, and provides easy access to such interesting synthetic building blocks as the 1,3-substituted diene 3.
The food and feeding habit of Penaeus monodon Fabricius collected from Makato River, Aklan, Philippines (1978)

The food of Penaeus monodon collected from Makato R., from Sept 1977 to Jan 1978 is described with preliminary observations on its feeding habit and rate of foregut clearance. Feeding behaviour appears to be associated with the tidal phase. Foregut clearance rate is rapid, with 95% of food transported from the foregut 4 h after feeding. Frequency of occurrence and proportion of total food of various foregut contents are shown, as are dry weight, percentage mineral, organic and crude protein nitrogen from individual and pooled samples of gut contents, and foregut index in P. monodon collected during different phases of one tidal cycle.
Synthesis of Some Novel 2,6‐Disubstituted Pyridazin‐3(2<i>H</i>)‐one Derivatives as Analgesic, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Non‐Ulcerogenic Agents (2017)

Some novel 2,6-disubstituted pyridazine-3(2H)-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory efficacy. Compounds 2-{[3-(2-methylphenoxy)-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl]methyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (5a), 2-propyl-6-(o-tolyloxy)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (6a), and 2-benzyl-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (16a) showed the most potent COX-2 inhibitory activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.19, 0.11, and 0.24 μM, respectively. The synthesized compounds with the highest COX-2 selectivity indices were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and ulcerogenic activities. Compounds 6a and 16a demonstrated the most potent and consistent anti-inflammatory activity over the synthesized compounds, which was significantly higher than that of celecoxib in the carrageenin rat paw edema model and with milder ulcer scoring than that of indomethacin in the ulcerogenicity screening.
Refolding and Recovery of Recombinant Human Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 (Matrilysin) from Inclusion Bodies Expressed by Escherichia coli (1999)

The recombinant prepro-form of human matrix metalloproteinase 7 (matrilysin or MMP-7) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli as insoluble inclusion bodies. The recombinant protein was refolded by 100-fold dilution after solubilization with 6 M guanidine HCl. The refolding was monitored by the recovery of matrilysin activity. The addition of either 1.0 M arginine or 0.1% Brij-35 promoted remarkably the refolding. The refolding was dependent on pH and temperature, with lower temperature (<10 degrees C) and pH 6-8 preferable. Glutathione had no effect on refolding, and it was excluded from the refolding conditions. Starting with inclusion bodies (2.0 g, wet) containing 360 mg protein, 29.5 mg of pro-matrilysin (30 kDa) was obtained after refolding with 1.0% Brij-35 at pH 7.5 and 4 degrees C for 12 h. Pro-matrilysin (24.0 mg) was purified to homogeneity by cation-exchange HPLC with a 15-fold increase in purity and an activity yield of 81.3%. Pro-matrilysin was converted entirely to matrilysin (19.0 kDa; 15.2 mg) by activation with a mercuric reagent. The activity (k(cat)/K(m)) of matrilysin was 1.7 x 10(5) M(-1) x s(-1).
Etiology and Pathophysiology of Diverticular Disease (2004)

Diverticular disease is prevalent in Western countries and yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The common theories of the cause of diverticular disease have focused on colonic motility, the structural aspects of the colonic wall, and the role of dietary factors, particularly fiber.
Silyl Enol Ethers in Synthesis - Part I (1983)

The last few years have seen an explosive growth in the use of silyl enol ethers and silyl ketene acetals in organic synthesis. The aim of this review is to provide a reasonably comprehensive account of the newer reactions of these compounds, illustrated by some examples from synthetic pathways. 1. Introduction 2. Preparation 2.1. Silyl Enol Ethers from Ketones and Aldehydes 2.2. Silyl Enol Ethers from Enones 2.3. Silyl Enol Ethers from Acylsilanes 2.4. Silyl Enol Ethers by Other Methods 2.5. 1-(Trimethylsilyl)-silyl Enol Ethers 2.6. Silyl Ketene Acetals and Related Compounds 3. Reactions 3.1. Protonolysis 3.2. Reduction 3.3. Oxidation 3.4. Reactions with Non-Carbon Electrophiles 3.5. Reactions with Carbon Electrophiles 3.6. Reactions with Carbon Nucleophiles 3.7. Concerted Reactions 4. Siloxybutadienes (Silyl Dienol Ethers) 4.1. Preparation 4.2. Reactions with Electrophiles 4.3. [4+2]-Cycloadditions 5. Addendum 6. Conclusions
High performance Ge junctionless gate-all-around NFETs with simultaneous I<inf>on</inf> =1235 μA/μm at V<inf>ov</inf>=V<inf>ds</inf>=1V, SS=95 mV/dec, high I<inf>on</inf>/I<inf>off</inf>=2×10<sup>6</sup>, and reduced noise power density using S/D dopant recovery by selective laser annealing (2016)

The low channel doping concentrations of 1.2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> to deplete the channel and the high S/D doping of 1.2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> to reduce the S/D resistance are achieved simultaneously by selective laser annealing on the same CVD P-doped epi-Ge on SOI without ion implantation. The device with Wfin down to 7 nm, EOT = 2.2 nm, and Lch = 60 nm has Ion = 1146 μA/pm, Ion/Ioff = 2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> , and SS = 95 mV/dec. The Ion can be further boost to 1235 μA/μm with external uniaxial tensile strain of 0.16%. The self-heating effect is responsible in part for such high Ion, because the high device temperature can reduce the dominant impurity scattering in the channel. The increasing mobility with increasing temperature indicates the impurity scattering is dominant. The lower low frequency noise is observed with junctionless (JL) gate-all-around (GAA) FETs than planar inversion mode (INV) devices due to the bulk conduction nature of JL FETs.
Creating Hierarchical Structures in Renewable Composites by Attaching Bacterial Cellulose onto Sisal Fibers (2008)

The growth of bacterial-cellulose nanofibrils on the surfaces of micrometer-scale natural fibers provides a route to a new class of hierarchical, renewable, degradable composites. The nanofibrils improve the interaction between the primary fibers and the matrix, leading to improved mechanical properties and water resistance. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/adma200703176_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adhesives from liquefied eucalypt bark and branches. (2019)

Adhesives made from lignin are one of the most promising alternatives to common ureaformaldehyde adhesives. One of the possible sources is from wood or bark liquefaction at low temperatures and pressure. The possibility of using forest wastes for the production of adhesives was the objective of this work. Eucalypt bark and branches are wastes produced in the company Pedrosa & Irmãos, which is a forest management company based in Portugal (Leiria). The wastes were liquefied with polyalcohols catalyzed by sulfuric acid. The water insoluble fraction of the liquefied material was used for the production of the bio-adhesive. Both fractions were characterized and the bonding performance of the bio-adhesive was tested by ABES. The bio-adhesives obtained from bark or branches were similar, exhibiting a bonding strength approximately half of the conventional UF resin.
Diagnostic role of NPY methylation in patients with colorectal cancer (2022)

<sec><i>Objectives</i>: A growing number of studies have shown that methylation biomarkers play an important role in oncogenesis. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC).</sec><sec><i>Methods</i>: mRNA and protein expression, methylation, survival benefits, and immune cell infiltration were analyzed using bioinformatics tools across all tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas. NPY methylation in CRC was further validated in CRC tissues, fecal samples, and cell lines. Analyses of NPY methylation were performed using Sequenome EpiTYPER and quantitative PCR. Retrieval of NPY expression in cell lines was tested using real-time PCR and western blotting.</sec><sec><i>Results</i>: Bioinformatic analysis showed that the methylation level of NPY increased in most carcinomas (<i>P</i><0.05). Moreover, statistical correlations were observed between NPY transcriptional expression and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in colon cancer (<i>P</i><0.05). Similar results were obtained for CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, neutrophils, and NPY in rectal cancer (<i>P</i><0.05). Our results showed that NPY was hypermethylated in CRC tissues and fecal exfoliated cells (<i>P</i><0.05). Fecal NPY methylation was observed in 82.5% sensitive for primary tumors, 46.3% for intestinal polyps (including adenomatous, serrated, and inflammatory polyps), and 23.4% of healthy controls. Overall, fecal NPY methylation was 76.6% specific. For cell lines, in vivo experiments demonstrated that 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine downregulated the methylation of NPY and restored its mRNA level (<i>P</i><0.05).</sec><sec><i>Conclusions</i>: This study indicates that NPY is hypermethylated in CRC, and that NPY methylation in fecal DNA is a potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for Chinese patients with CRC.</sec>
Molecular Modeling For The Interaction Between Certain Drugs With Betacyclodextrin (1998)

Molecular modeling technique has been used in the preliminary screening of certain drugs and to study their Interaction with betacyclodextrln (BCD). In the cases of drugs such as norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tinidazole, methotrexate and plumbagin, the type and site of interaction between the drug and BCD leading to the formation of an inclusion complex has been established.
Speaker indexing in large audio databases using anchor models (2002)

Introduces the technique of anchor modeling in the applications of speaker detection and speaker indexing. The anchor modeling algorithm is refined by pruning the number of models needed. The system is applied to the speaker detection problem where its performance is shown to fall short of the state-of-the-art Gaussian mixture model with universal background model (GMM-UBM) system. However, it is further shown that its computational efficiency lends itself to speaker indexing for searching large audio databases for desired speakers. Here, excessive computation may prohibit the use of the GMM-UBM recognition system. Finally, the paper presents a method for cascading anchor model and GMM-UBM detectors for speaker indexing. This approach benefits from the efficiency of anchor modeling and high accuracy of GMM-UBM recognition.
Synthesis of 4-substituted-trans-1, 2-diaminocyclohexyl polyaminocarboxylate metal chelating agents for the preparation of stable radiometal antibody immunoconjugates for therapy and spect and pet imaging (2023)

Cyclo agents useful in forming antibody-metal conjugates useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. New compounds and processes of forming these compounds are disclosed including 4-haloacetamido-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl polyaminocarboxylate and 4-isothiocyanato-trans-1,2-diamino cyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid.
A 4-channel wearable wireless neural recording system (2008)

This paper presents a 4-channel wearable wireless neural recording system that consists of wireless head stage, receiver board, and user interface software. The wireless head stage is implemented using a custom designed font-end IC for bio potential amplification, filtering, and channel selection and a commercial analog FM transmitter chip. Adjustable gain and bandwidth of the channel allows the system to be used in recording various neural signals. The size of the head stage is 1.55" times 1.725" times 0.5" and the weight is 20 g. The power consumption of the head stage is 28 mW from two 1.55 V button cell batteries that allows continuous operation of at least 15 hours. The system was tested for ex-vivo and in-vivo extracellular recordings from a dissected snail brain and a live rat respectively.
A Secreted Form of ADAM9 Promotes Carcinoma Invasion through Tumor-Stromal Interactions (2005)

Tumor cell invasion is a process regulated by integrins, matrix-degrading enzymes, and interactions with host tissue stromal cells. The ADAM family of proteins plays an important role in modulating various cellular responses. Here, we show that an alternatively spliced variant of ADAM9 is secreted by hepatic stellate cells and promotes carcinoma invasion. ADAM9-S induced a highly invasive phenotype in several human tumor cell lines in Matrigel assays, and the protease activity of ADAM9-S was required for invasion. ADAM9-S binds directly to alpha6beta4 and alpha2beta1 integrins on the surface of colon carcinoma cells through the disintegrin domain. ADAM9-S was also able to cleave laminin and promote invasion. Analysis of human liver metastases revealed that ADAM9 is expressed by stromal liver myofibroblasts, particularly those that are localized within the tumor stroma at the invasive front. These results emphasize the importance of tumor-stromal interactions in invasion and suggest that ADAM9-S can be an important determinant in the ability of cancer cells to invade and colonize the liver.
Design and fabrication of a InGaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a composition-graded electron-blocking layer (2014)

In this study, the design and fabrication of a InGaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a composition-graded electron blocking layer (GEBL) are revealed experimentally and theoretically. It has been demonstrated that laser output performance is improved by using a GEBL when compared to the typical VCSEL structure of a rectangular EBL. The output power obtained at 20 kA cm−2 is enhanced by a factor of 3.8 by the successful reduction of threshold current density from 12.6 to 9.2 kA  cm−2 and the enlarged slope efficiency. Numerical simulation results also suggest that the improved laser output performances are due mainly to the reduction of electron leakage current and the enhanced hole injection efficiency in the multiple-quantum-well (MQW) active region.
Thermally Degradable Ligands for Nanocrystals (2010)

We exchanged the oleate ligands on as-prepared PbSe/CdSe core/shell nanocrystals with octyldithiocarbamate to enable the removal of insulating ligands by gentle heating. The octyldithiocarbamate ligand could readily be stripped from the surface by heating briefly to temperatures from 140 to 205 degrees C, which is substantially lower than the temperature (330 degrees C) required to remove oleate from the nanocrystal surface. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the nanocrystals sinter around 250 degrees C, resulting in a loss of quantum confinement. Heating for 1 min to 205 degrees C removed 92% of the organics from the surface. We could therefore prepare densely packed films of quantum-confined nanocrystals via dithiocarbamate treatment. Conductivity increased by up to 4 orders of magnitude after annealing. In addition to PbSe/CdSe core/shell nanocrystals, we also examined the applicability of our ligand removal procedure to CdSe nanocrystals.
Automation of locality recognition in ADAS Plus (2002)

In North America, people call the directory assistance operator to find the phone number of a business or residential listing. The directory assistance service is generally maintained by telcos, and it represents a significant cost to them. Partial or complete automation of directory assistance would result in significant cost savings for telcos. Nortel has a product called Automated Directory Assistance System (ADAS) Plus which partially automates this directory assistance function through the use of speech recognition. The system has been deployed all across Quebec, through most of U S West and BellSouth. ADAS Plus primarily automates the response to the question "for what city?" through speech recognition. We give details of this speech recognition system and outline its performance in the deployed regions.
Tuning Binary Ionic Liquid Mixtures: Linking Alkyl Chain Length to Phase Behavior and Ionic Conductivity (2012)

The use of mixed salts to generate new composite ionic liquids (ILs) provides a facile means of readily tuning or tailoring the desired properties of ionic media. Despite this, very little information is available about how the structure of the selected ions and composition impacts the properties of salt mixtures. To explore this, six binary IL1–IL2 mixtures based on N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salts have been characterized. The physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, and ionic conductivity) and phase behavior of these mixtures are reported. The variation of the alkyl chains lengths on the cations plays a significant role in determining both the phase behavior and the physicochemical properties of the mixtures. Notably, the “tunability” of the properties of the IL mixtures is much easier to control than is found by simply making small structural changes to the ions in a given salt.
Photochemical conversion of tin-oxo cage compounds studied using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2017)

Molecular inorganic materials are currently considered photoresists for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). Their high EUV absorption cross section and small building block size potentially allow high sensitivity and resolution as well as low line-edge roughness. The photochemical reaction mechanisms that allow these kinds of materials to function as photoresists, however, are still poorly understood. We discuss photochemical reactions upon deep UV (DUV) irradiation of a model negative-tone EUV photoresist material, namely the well-defined molecular tin-oxo cage compound [(SnBu)12O14(OH)6](OH)2, which is spin-coated to thin layers of 20 nm. The core electronic structures (Sn 3d, O 1s, and C 1s) of unexposed and DUV exposed films were then investigated using synchrotron radiation-based hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Different chemical oxidation states and concentrations of atoms and atom types in the unexposed and exposed films were found. We observed that the exposure in a nitrogen atmosphere prevented the oxidation but still led to carbon loss, albeit with a smaller conversion. Finally, a mechanistic hypothesis for the basic DUV photoreactions in molecular tin-oxo cages is proposed.