gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of captured and recaptured images to detect photograph spoofing (2012)

In this paper, a new face anti-spoofing approach, which is based on analysis of contrast and texture characteristics of captured and recaptured images, is proposed to detect photograph spoofing. Since photo image is a recaptured image, it may show quite different contrast and texture characteristics when compared to a real face image. In a spoofing attempt, image rotation is quite possible. Therefore, in this paper, a rotation invariant local binary pattern variance (LBPV) based method is selected to be used. The approach is tested on the publicly available NUAA photo-impostor database, which is constructed under illumination and place change. The results show that the approach is competitive with other existing methods tested on the same database. It is especially useful for conditions when photos are held by hand to spoof the system. Since an LBPV based method is used, it is robust to illumination changes. It is non-intrusive and simple.
Estimating server utilization rate in single server queuing models using an approximate solution of stiff fluid flow model (2020)

Modeling real-life scenarios as differential equation models have displayed numerous advantages as the model is able to infuse more realistic features of the scenario under consideration. Adopting a differential equation flow model to estimate server utilization rate in queuing systems has not attracted much attention due to the challenges to obtain an exact solution to the model. However, this concern is bypassed by adopting approximate methods. Thus, this article adopts a first order differential equation model to calculate the rate at which work arrives and the capacity of workstation. The values were obtained as the independent variable becomes large, which expresses the values of the utilization of resources which is now infused into conventional queuing expressions to obtain the required information about the queuing systems. A new novel and convergent one-step second-derivative method is developed in this article to obtain the required value of the server utilization rate.
Pulsed Eddy-Current Based Giant Magnetoresistive System for the Inspection of Aircraft Structures (2009)

Research in nondestructive evaluation is constantly increasing the sensitivity of detection of small cracks embedded deep in layered aircraft structures. Pulsed eddy-current (PEC) techniques using coil probes have shown considerable promise in detection and characterization of buried cracks in multilayered structures. In this paper, we describe the design and development of a nondestructive inspection system that uses pulse excitation of a planar multiline coil to generate a transient field that is detected via a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) field sensor. An analysis algorithm using features in time and frequency domain processes the experimentally measured signals for automatic detection of small cracks under fasteners in multilayered structures at a depth of up to 10 mm.
Treatment of Immature Baboons for 28 Days with Early Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (2004)

Using the 125-day baboon model of long-term bronchopulmonary dysplasia, we hypothesized that early use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), a noninvasive ventilatory method, combined with prophylactic surfactant therapy would permit continuation of alveolar and vascular development in the lung. Retrospective human studies have shown that infants treated with nCPAP spend less time on mechanical ventilation and thereby sustain less volutrauma. After delivery by cesarean section at 125 days (term, 185 days), the infants received two doses of surfactant (Curosurf) and daily caffeine citrate. Weaning from low-volume positive pressure ventilation to nCPAP was attempted at 24 hours of age. Serial physiological parameters were recorded. Lung histopathology and morphometric measurements of nCPAP animals were done after necropsy at 28 days and data were compared with 125- and 156-day gestational controls. Documented episodes of clinical sepsis and pneumonia at postmortem examination were absent. nCPAP lungs showed enlarged thin-walled air spaces with minimal fibroproliferation and scattered secondary crests. Internal surface area and surface-to-volume ratio dimensions were similar to those of 156-day gestational control lungs, the intrauterine developmental control. nCPAP is an effective noninvasive ventilatory technique that minimizes lung injury in baboons at risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Heap profiling of lazy functional programs (1993)

Abstract We describe the design, implementation and use of a new kind of profiling tool that yields valuable information about the memory use of lazy functional programs. The tool has two parts: a modified functional language implementation which generates profiling information during the execution of programs, and a separate program which converts this information to graphical form. With the aid of profile graphs, one can make alterations to a functional program which dramatically reduce its space consumption. We demonstrate this in the case of a genuine example - the first to which the tool was applied - for which the results are strikingly successful.
Novel partners with colistin to increase its in vivo therapeutic effectiveness and prevent the occurrence of colistin resistance in NDM- and MCR-co-producing Escherichia coli in a murine infection model (2018)

The synergism of colistin in combinations with rifampicin, rifabutin or minocycline offers viable therapeutic alternatives against XDR NDM- and MCR-positive E. coli.
Evaluation of non-intrusive monitoring for condition based maintenance applications on US Navy propulsion plants (2005)

The thesis explores the use of the Non-intrusive Load Monitor (NILM) in Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) applications on US Navy ships as part of the Office of Naval Research Electric Ship Integration (ESI) Initiative. The NILM is a device that measures an electrical component's performance by applying a single voltage and current transducer to a ship's existing power distribution system. The NILM was originally developed to monitor electrical power usage in buildings where it was noticed that it could disaggregate and report the operation of individual loads when many loads were present. The limits of this capability are explored by employing a signal processing script in MATLAB using component data gathered on the USCGC SENECA (WMEC-906). The plausibility of using a few NILMs to provide machinery monitoring information for an entire engineering space, and the resulting opportunity to reduce sensor growth on future Navy ships is explored. Then efforts to monitor naval propulsion plant machinery with the NILM are discussed. Two NILMs were constructed and installed on selected individual components at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Philadelphia DDG-51 Land Based Engineering Site (LBES). Monitoring of the Fuel Oil and Low Pressure Air Service Systems was conducted during a week long certification of the pre-commissioning crew of the USS BAINBRIDGE (DDG-96). Data collected was then used to explore the use of the NILM as a diagnostic device for shipboard systems through the evaluation of mechanical transients in the Fuel Oil system and a test leak inserted into the Low Pressure Air System. Additionally, a brief overview of the Multi-function Monitor (MFM) is provided. The MFM could provide a natural installation point on the ship's power distribution system to monitor multiple loads. Finally, an evaluation of the NILM as an enabling technology for Navy CBM was conducted.
VHDL modeling and model testing for DSP applications (1999)

The use of hardware description language models is now central to the digital design process. These models represent the initial interpretation of the specification. They are also used as input to synthesis tools in the application-specific integrated circuit design process central to the development of digital signal processor circuits. In this paper, the use of high-level graphics-based modeling tools is advocated to relieve the modeler of the burden of hand coding the models. A similar approach is advocated for developing test benches that test the models. Models and test benches are refined in a library structure. Environmental data generators are used to prepare test files to be read by the test benches. The test benches are linked directly to the specification and test plans control the test bench configuration. This approach is applied to infrared search and track and synthetic aperture radar systems.
Water, Hydration and Health (2020)

This review attempts to provide some sense of our current knowledge of water including overall patterns of intake and some factors linked with intake, the complex mechanisms behind water homeostasis, the effects of variation in water intake on health and energy intake, weight, and human performance and functioning. Water represents a critical nutrient whose absence will be lethal within days. Water’s importance for prevention of nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases has emerged more recently because of the shift toward large proportions of fluids coming from caloric beverages. Nevertheless, there are major gaps in knowledge related to measurement of total fluid intake, hydration status at the population level, and few longer-term systematic interventions and no published random-controlled longer-term trials. We suggest some ways to examine water requirements as a means to encouraging more dialogue on this important topic.
Calcium, phospholipid turnover and transmembrane signalling (1983)

Turnover of phosphatidylinositol, which is provoked by various neurotransmitters, peptide hormones and many other biologically active substances, appears to serve as a signal for the transmembrane control of protein phosphorylation through activation of a novel protein kinase (C-kinase). The activation of this enzyme absolutely requires Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. Diacylglycerol derived from the receptor-linked breakdown of phosphatidylinositol dramatically increases the affinity of C-kinase for Ca2+, and thereby renders this enzyme fully active without a net increase in the concentration of Ca2+. Under appropriate conditions synthetic diacylglycerol directly added to intact cell systems activates C-kinase fully without interaction with surface receptors. By using such synthetic diacylglycerol and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, it is shown that either receptor-linked protein phosphorylation or Ca2+ mobilization alone is merely a prerequisite but not a sufficient requirement, and both are synergistically effective for causing a full physiological cellular response. In some tissues cyclic nucleotides, both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, may inhibit the receptor-linked breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, and appear to provide negative control that prevents over-response.
KRAS up-regulates the expression of miR-181a, miR-200c and miR-210 in a three-dimensional-specific manner in DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells. (2012)

Oncogenic KRAS regulates 3D-specific miRNAs that are possibly associated with CRC development in vivo.
Opioid peptides do not modulate atrial natriuretic peptide or aldosterone release under basal conditions in man (1988)

The effect of two analogues of [Met]-enkephalin, [D-Ala2,N-Phe4,Met(0)-ol5]-enkephalin and its guanyl derivative, on plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and serum aldosterone in six normal subjects was investigated. All subjects were given a 1 litre water load to inhibit vasopressin release. Both analogues, when injected i.v. at a dose of 100 micrograms, stimulated release of prolactin and GH and inhibited serum cortisol; there was no significant change in blood pressure, pulse rate or urine output. Neither plasma concentrations of ANP nor serum aldosterone levels changed significantly after injection of either analogue at a low or high dose. Naloxone, given i.v. as an 8 mg bolus, also failed to alter concentrations of either ANP or aldosterone, while it significantly stimulated the release of serum LH and cortisol. It was concluded that under basal conditions opiate receptors are unable to modulate plasma ANP or serum aldosterone concentrations.
Quantum error correction against photon loss using NOON states (2016)

The so-called NOON states are quantum optical resources known to be useful especially for quantum lithography and metrology. At the same time, they are known to be very sensitive to photon losses and rather hard to produce experimentally. Concerning the former, here we present a scheme where NOON states are the elementary resources for building quantum error-correction codes against photon losses, thus demonstrating that such resources can also be useful to suppress the effect of loss. Our NOON code is an exact code that can be systematically extended from one-photon to higher-number losses. Its loss scaling depending on the codeword photon number is the same as for some existing, exact loss codes such as bosonic and quantum parity codes, but its codeword mode number is intermediate between that of the other codes. Another generalization of the NOON code is given for arbitrary logical qudits instead of logical qubits. While, in general, the final codewords are always obtainable from multimode NOON states through application of beam splitters, both codewords for the one-photon-loss qubit NOON code can be simply created from single-photon states with beam splitters. We give various examples and also discuss a potential application of our qudit code for quantum communication.
Partially Randomized, Non-Blinded Trial of DNA and MVA Therapeutic Vaccines Based on Hepatitis B Virus Surface Protein for Chronic HBV Infection (2011)

ISRCTN ISRCTN67270384.
Sterol Composition and Accumulation in <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr Leaves under Different Filtered Sunlight Conditions (1981)

Soybean plants (Merr) were grown in the field in three plots. Sixteen days after sowing, two plots were covered with blue and red polyvinylchloride filters (0.45 millimeter thick) and one remained uncovered as control. Leaves of all plots were analyzed for total, free, esterified, and glycosidic sterols at two successive stages of plant growth (flowering and podripening).During the growth, total sterols increased in the control sample and under red and blue polyvinylchloride filters. Although free sterol contents were always the highest, the esterified sterols were mainly responsible for this increase. Red and blue polyvinylchloride filters caused a general decrease in the amounts of sterol classes but, during the growth, they caused the largest and most consistent changes. These filters particularly increased sitosterol and decreased stigmasterol. The changes in relative amounts of stigmasterol and sitosterol in soybean leaves might represent an interconversion between these two sterols. There seems to be a general increase-decrease relationship due to light quality.
Real-Time State Management in Mobile Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Services (2007)

Resource control becomes a difficult task in mobile P2P networks which are different from wireline networks by the constraints given in mobile 2.5G/3G network and limited capacity of mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a novel real-time state management (RTSM) resource control mechanism to share files efficiently in mobile peers. In order to implement the function of real-time state management, a state server is designed. In this architecture, state server collects real-time states from all mobile peers and employs improved Bittorrent block-select and address-select algorithm to instruct mobile peers controlling resource access. Simulation shows that in used of RTSM resource control mechanism, the burthen of mobile peers is highly decreased, and the average response time to mobile peers is within 180 ms, and mobile peers can download a file within 45 min, with probability, 90%. These prove that our RTSM method in mobile P2P network is feasible and effective.
Fabrication and Hydrophobic Properties of Column‐Array Silicon Using Wood‐Structured Silver‐Assisted Chemical Etching (2016)

Wood shows hydrophobic properties that can be attributed to its porous structure. Inspired by the hydrophobic properties of wood, the etching of monocrystalline silicon is assisted with a wood-structured silver catalyst, thereby forming column arrays complementary to the wood pores on the silicon surface. These column arrays help the silicon surface become superhydrophobic.
HDV-like self-cleaving ribozymes (2011)

HDV ribozymes catalyze their own scission from the transcript during rolling circle replication of the hepatitis delta virus. In vitro selection of self-cleaving ribozymes from a human genomic library revealed an HDV-like ribozyme in the second intron of the human CPEB3 gene and recent results suggest that this RNA affects episodic memory performance. Bioinformatic searches based on the secondary structure of the HDV/CPEB3 fold yielded numerous functional ribozymes in a wide variety of organisms. Genomic mapping of these RNAs suggested several biological roles, one of which is the 5' processing of non-LTR retrotransposons. The family of HDV-like ribozymes thus continues to grow in numbers and biological importance.
Overexpressed β-Catenin Blocks Nitric Oxide–Induced Apoptosis in Colonic Cancer Cells (2005)

Beta-catenin plays an important role in colonic tumorigenesis whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide are elevated in colonic inflammation. Resistance of colonic epithelial cells to the induction of apoptosis may contribute to tumor development. Nitric oxide can stimulate apoptosis and, paradoxically, is implicated in the development of colon cancer. Our hypothesis was that beta-catenin could increase the resistance of colonic cancer cells to nitric oxide-induced apoptotic cell death. Here we show, using a beta-catenin overexpression system, that increased cytosolic beta-catenin renders colonic epithelial cells more resistant to nitric oxide-induced apoptotic cell death, independently of nitric oxide-induced accumulation of p53. Furthermore, we show that this occurs through inhibition of nitric oxide-induced release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and by blocking both the nitric oxide-induced suppression of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, and the phosphorylation of Akt. We contend that increased nitric oxide production, such as that which occurs in chronic colonic inflammation, may select the cells with oncogenic mutant beta-catenin regulatory genes and contribute to human colonic carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
Affinity Hemodialysis for Antiviral Therapy with Specific Application to HIV (2002)

We propose an artificial lymph node to improve immune function in fighting viral diseases. The device is based on hemodialysis using a cartridge containing a solid phase affinity resin. Virus capture is mediated by a collection of broad specificity antibodies covalently coupled to agarose. Viral proteins, which can directly damage uninfected cells, are also efficiently removed. Immobilized antisense DNA provides a mechanism to remove infectious viral nucleic acids. Theoretical calculations suggest that the device could effectively remove virus, toxic viral proteins and infectious viral nucleic acids from the blood thereby limiting disease by preventing reinfection of new cells. In the absence of newly infected cells, previously infected cells are cleared by the immune system. For a typical immobilized antibody, calculations predict a pseudo‐first order rate of capture (t 1/2 ∼ 10 min) with viral load reduction ∼ 660‐fold at equilibrium. Theoretical calculations of a diffusion limited process predict t 1/2 ∼ 2.8 h. Measured transport rates for latex particles in a prototype device are significantly faster than the theoretical diffusion limit suggesting that transport is primarily convective and sufficient to allow rapid virus clearance. Since the device is highly selective it can be used in conjunction with drug therapy and other treatments.
Multi-functional secured smart home (2016)

Enhancing the home security by remote control means is a cutting-edge research area in the domain of Internet of Things (IoT's). The necessity of security is increasing these days, ranging from thefts, burglary, accidents, LPG gas leakage and fire detection etc, which all are important aspects of a Home Security System. In this paper, a prototype Multi-Functional Secured Smart Home (SSH) model is developed. Generally a home security system uses signals in terms of alarm of intruder detection. However, the proposed Multi-Functional Secured Smart Home uses a mobile communication (GSM) based Home Security System, which helps to provide a better security to have systems that can be globally connected. In the proposed system a text message is sent, whenever an event from any sensor is detected, so that immediate actions could be taken by the home owner. The proposed SSH sends SMS using GSM-Module and mail through Raspberry Pi micro-controller. The prototype SSH based smart system also uses an Arduino micro-controller board for commands processing and control. The system uses GSM technology, which provides global access to the Smart Home Security System. The prototype SSH, developed at a low cost, can be used for converting existing homes into smart homes at relatively affordable cost and with convenience. The performance testing results of the prototype SSH are encouraging.
孩子应该按照他们自己的意志生活——推荐《夏山学校》 (2008)

夏山学校创办于1921年，是现代教育史上最著名的学校之一。它是因材施教的典范，充满了无穷的活力，被誉为“最富人性化的快乐学校”。本书作者A．S．尼尔是20世纪最伟大的教育家之一，誉满全球的夏山学校的创始人。本书的内容将让家长们重新思考自己对待孩子的态度。尼尔坚决反对给予儿童任何压力，他坚持对生命和自由的尊重。用这种方法教育出来的儿童，必然地会发展出理性、爱和勇敢的品质。本书将会让我们彻底了解对儿童的爱、赞同和自由的真正意义。
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Syzygium lineare Wall (2008)

hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water extracts of Syzygium lineare leaves were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. Ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water extracts showed activity against Gram - positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccocus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis), Gram- negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and fungi (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum (296). Higher antibacterial and antifungal activities were recorded in ethyl acetate extract.
<title>New laser sources for photoacoustic trace gas detection with applications in biomedical science</title> (2000)

Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a sensitive, on-line and non- invasive tool to monitor concentrations of trace gases in ambient air. With the appropriate high power lasers in the mid-IR wavelength region gas mixtures can be analyzed, at and below the part per billion level. Within the development of novel IR laser sources, a continuous wave optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate in combination with photoacoustic detection has been applied to detect traces of several hydrocarbons in nitrogen. At an idler wavelength of around 3.3 micrometers , the cw OPO produced approximately 300 mW of single mode radiation. Preliminary results show detection limits on methane, ethane, butane and pentane of around 1 ppb. This trace gas detector will be used within medical applications. E.g., the trace gas composition of exhaled air is able to give information about a wide variety of processes in human body. In addition, such analysis has the potential to monitor processes non-invasive, on-line and fast for diagnostic purposes related to acute or chronic diseases.