gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Parallel Pipeline Convolution for Perspective Projection in Real-Time Volume Rendering. (2000)

This paper describes a convolution with a systolic array structure for perspective projection in real-time volume graphics based on the shear-warp method. In the original method, the further the ray proceeds, the more voxels are required to calculate the convolution. The increase in required voxels makes it difficult to implement the method in a VLSI-oriented architecture. We implement a 3D convolution using three serial 1D convolutions along the X, Y, and Z axes, which reduces the number of calculation units from M3 to 3M, where the convolution is calculated for the M3 area. The number of pipelines for the rays is V2 for V3 voxel datasets. If the hardware of a single pipeline can calculate the V rays, then each of the implemented pipelines is assigned to V theoretical pipelines (for V2 rays). The number of hardware pipelines should be much smaller than V theoretical pipelines in actual implementation. We folded the theoretical pipelines and reduced them to a certain number of hardware pipelines. We examined the relation between the folding process and its necessary time delay. The architecture can generate an image of a 2563 voxel dataset (V=256) at 30 Hz with four pipelines. In addition, the architecture can be extended easily for 5123 (V=512) and 10243 (V=1024) datasets, with 32 pipelines and 256 pipelines. Our architecture has processing scalability.
Implementing CDMA Reverse Link Interference Cancellation (2007)

We describe ongoing research and product development focused on the theory, system design, and capacity gains from incorporating reverse link interference cancellation into commercial CDMA basestations. The work considers receiver architecture design tradeoffs, link cancellation efficiency in multipath fading channels, and the multi-cell network operation and performance
Organic Junction Field‐Effect Transistor (2013)

The realization and performance of a novel organic field‐effect transistor—the organic junction field‐effect transistor (JFET)—is discussed. The transistors are based on the modulation of the thickness of a depletion layer in an organic pin junction with varying gate potential. Based on numerical modeling, suitable layer thicknesses and doping concentrations are identified. Experimentally, organic JFETs are realized and it is shown that the devices clearly exhibit amplification. Changes in the electrical characteristics due to a variation of the intrinsic and the p‐doped layer thickness are rationalized by the numerical model, giving further proof to the proposed operational mechanism.
GPU-based strategies for acceleration of a new MLEM algorithm for emission-based photon attenuation correction in PET (2016)

We report on GPU-based strategies for acceleration of “EMAA” - a maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm for joint estimation of emission activity distribution and photon attenuation map from PET emission signal alone. The following strategies are reported: GPU based implementation, ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM), use of time of flight (TOF) data, and “Balanced OSEM” - an extension of OSEM for this joint image estimation problem. The strategies are evaluated using a PET signal, computationally generated via Monte-Carlo simulation of a three dimensional XCAT phantom, with no random- and scattered coincidences. For a Philips GEMINI LXL system geometry with 400 ps time resolution, these methods accelerate EMAA by six orders of magnitudes compared with a single CPU implementation. Thus, reducing joint estimation duration to just seven minutes, for an emission activity distribution root mean square error of 1%.
Active Interleukin-1 Receptor Required for Maximal Progression of Acute Pancreatitis (1996)

Activation of the IL-1 receptor is not required for the development of pancreatitis but apparently is necessary for the maximal propagation of pancreatic injury and its associated inflammation.
Fission product solvent extraction (1998)

Two main objectives concerning removal of fission products from high-level tank wastes will be accomplished in this project. The first objective entails the development of an acid-side Cs solvent-extraction (SX) process applicable to remediation of the sodium-bearing waste (SBW) and dissolved calcine waste (DCW) at INEEL. The second objective is to develop alkaline-side SX processes for the combined removal of Tc, Cs, and possibly Sr and for individual separation of Tc (alone or together with Sr) and Cs. These alkaline-side processes apply to tank wastes stored at Hanford, Savannah River, and Oak Ridge. This work exploits the useful properties of crown ethers and calixarenes and has shown that such compounds may be economically adapted to practical processing conditions. Potential benefits for both acid- and alkaline-side processing include order-of-magnitude concentration factors, high rejection of bulk sodium and potassium salts, and stripping with dilute (typically 10 mM) nitric acid. These benefits minimize the subsequent burden on the very expensive vitrification and storage of the high-activity waste. In the case of the SRTALK process for Tc extraction as pertechnetate anion from alkaline waste, such benefits have now been proven at the scale of a 12-stage flowsheet tested in 2-cm centrifugal contactors with a Hanford supernatant waste simulant. SRTALK employs a crown ether in a TBP-modified aliphatic kerosene diluent, is economically competitive with other applicable separation processes being considered, and has been successfully tested in batch extraction of actual Hanford double-shell slurry feed (DSSF).
Growth of highly tensile-strained Ge on relaxed InxGa1−xAs by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (2008)

Highly tensile-strained Ge thin films and quantum dots have the potential to be implemented for high mobility metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor channels and long-wavelength optoelectronic devices. To obtain large tensile strain, Ge has to be epitaxially grown on a material with a larger lattice constant. We report on the growth of tensile-strained Ge on relaxed InxGa1−xAs epitaxial templates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. To investigate the methods to achieve high quality Ge epitaxy on III–V semiconductor surfaces, we studied Ge growth on GaAs with variable surface stoichiometry by employing different surface preparation processes. Surfaces with high Ga-to-As ratio are found to be necessary to initiate defect-free Ge epitaxy on GaAs. With proper surface preparation, tensile-strained Ge was grown on relaxed InxGa1−xAs with a range of In content. Low growth temperatures between 350 and 500 °C suppress misfit dislocation formation and strain relaxation. Planar Ge thin films with tensile strain as high as 0.5% were fabricated on relaxed In0.11Ga0.89As. For relatively high In-content (x&gt;0.2) InxGa1−xAs templates, we observed an islanded growth morphology forming tensile-strained Ge quantum dots. Tensile strain as high as 1.37% was measured in these Ge quantum dots grown on In0.21Ga0.79As. The ability to grow these structures will enable us to further study the electronic and optoelectronic properties of tensile-strained Ge.
Coaxial probe for nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion and relaxation correlation experiments (2014)

A coaxial nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe is built to measure diffusion and relaxation properties of liquid samples. In particular, we demonstrate the acquisition of two-dimensional (2D) distribution functions (T1-T2 and diffusion–T2), essential for fluids characterization. The compact design holds promise for miniaturization, thus enabling the measurement of molecular diffusion that is inaccessible to conventional micro-NMR setups. Potential applications range from crude oil characterization to biomolecular screening and detections.
Active AC snubber for direct AC/AC power converters (2011)

While direct AC/AC converters like matrix converters have been around for a while, their applications are generally limited to low voltages due to complexity and issues in scaling to high voltages, including inadequate fault tolerance, complex switching patterns where errors can lead to device failures, and complex gate drive requirements for voltage sharing among the devices. For these reasons, voltage source inverters (VSI)-based topologies remain the de facto standard in medium to high voltage power conversion applications. This paper will propose an actively-controlled AC snubber concept that addresses the scalability issues with direct AC and AC/AC converters. The paper will use the previously proposed single-phase direct AC topology known as the dynamic capacitor (D-CAP) to demonstrate the operation of the AC snubber. However, the proposed snubber concept is equally valid for any topologies employing series-connected devices to scale up to higher voltages.
Self-mode-locked semiconductor diode laser (1998)

We report on the generation of picosecond pulses from a self-mode-locked semiconductor diode laser. The active medium is an InGaAs amplifier whose gain curve extends from 830 to 870 nm. The facets of the amplifier are cut at angle (5 degrees). The amplifier is inserted in a ring cavity with no other component but mirrors and lenses. Mode locking is entirely passive and it takes place when the laser is operated slightly above threshold and misaligned. Trains of counterpropagating pulses are produced, with pulse durations varying from 2 to 5 ps. The counterpropagating pulses have different spectra, with a wavelength difference up to 7 nm. The pulse repetition rate could be adjusted from 0.8 to 6.4 GHz. We discuss the possibility that some nonlinear mechanisms may give rise to the mode-locking action.
A novel process for the production of high-purity galactooligosaccharides (GOS) using consortium of microbes (2016)

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are nondigestible dietary fibers which have a beneficial effect on human health by promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria in the gut. In addition, other health benefits have been reported from oligosaccharides consumption such as stimulation of intestinal mobility, colon cancer prevention, mineral absorption as well as protection against certain pathogenic bacterial infections. The goal of this research was to develop an efficient biotransformation system using a consortium of microbes for the production of ≥85% pure GOS and reusing the cell biomass in repeated cycles of biotransformation. Production of GOS by lactose transgalactosylation using whole cells of Sporobolomyces singularis MTCC 5491 as a source of β-galactosidase and monosaccharides utilization by yeast isolate (NUTIDY007) were studied. For increasing the purity of GOS, growth and bioconversion parameters on the transgalactosylation by the whole cells were investigated. Further, continuous production of GOS was studied in a reactor with microfiltration membrane system. A maximum GOS purity of 42% was achieved using single culture of S. singularis. Under optimized conditions, single culture of S. singularis produced a maximum of 56% pure GOS. Addition of second culture to the reaction mixture for utilization of glucose significantly increased the GOS purity from 56% to ≥85%. The product consisted of tri- to penta-galactooligosaccharides. Trisaccharides were the main component of the reaction mixture. A maximum productivity of 10.9 g/L/hr was obtained under the optimum conditions.
Multilayer silicon nitride-on-silicon photonic platforms for three-dimensional integrated photonic devices and circuits (2017)

Today, generic foundry silicon photonic platforms use only one waveguide layer, implemented in the top silicon (Si) device layer of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. However, very large-scale integrated photonic circuits. comprising of hundreds or even thousands of devices, require complex on-chip optical routing networks that become difficult or impractical to implement using only one Si waveguide layer because of waveguide crossing loss, crossing crosstalk, optical power handling limitations, and/or waveguide loss. Such very large-scale integrated photonic circuits enable applications in, for example, optical switch fabrics and optical phased arrays. Integrated photonic platforms that have several waveguide layers make possible three-dimensional (3D) on-chip optical routing to overcome the limitations of a single layer. For example, multilayer platforms support extraordinarily low loss over/under-pass types of crossings, wherein a waveguide in the topmost (bottommost) layer can pass over (under) many waveguides in the lower (upper) levels. This talk presents our ongoing research in foundry fabricated multilayer silicon nitride (SiN)-on-Si integrated photonic platforms [1, 2]. The platforms have included one or two SiN waveguide layers atop a Si waveguide layer fabricated on 8” SOI at the A*STAR Institute of Microelectronics Si photonic foundry (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). SiN enables improved passive photonic components compared to Si due to its lower optical absorption, reduced waveguide scattering, and lower index contrast. In our platforms, light is transferred between the Si and SiN layers using adiabatic waveguide tapers, and active devices, such as highly efficient modulators, photodetectors, and potentially hybrid lasers, are implemented in the Si layer. We have demonstrated a number of novel and high performance devices on SiN-on-Si platforms, including highly efficient and broadband fiber-to-chip SiN-on-Si grating couplers; bi-level polarization rotator splitters; ultra-low-loss waveguide crossings; and ultra-efficient U-shaped PN junction for carrier depletion modulators [1-5]. The results and future directions of this research will be discussed.
Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Sepsis Induced Mortality and NF-κB Signaling in Cultured Macrophages (2015)

The findings of this study indicate that CeO2 nanoparticles may be useful for the treatment of sepsis.
Applying an optical space-time coding method to enhance light scattering signals in microfluidic devices (2011)

An "optical space-time coding method" was applied to microfluidic devices to detect the forward and large angle light scattering signals for unlabelled bead and cell detection. Because of the enhanced sensitivity by this method, silicon pin photoreceivers can be used to detect both forward scattering (FS) and large angle (45-60°) scattering (LAS) signals, the latter of which has been traditionally detected by a photomultiplier tube. This method yields significant improvements in coefficients of variation (CV), producing CVs of 3.95% to 10.05% for FS and 7.97% to 26.12% for LAS with 15 μm, 10 μm, and 5 μm beads. These are among the best values ever demonstrated with microfluidic devices. The optical space-time coding method also enables us to measure the speed and position of each particle, producing valuable information for the design and assessment of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices such as flow cytometers and complete blood count devices.
Prognostic opportunities and limitations in implantable medical devices (2013)

Many types of implantable medical devices provide life-sustaining therapy for patients and are, therefore, designed for high levels of reliability. New concepts and approaches in prognostics and health management of systems may enable improved opportunities for ensuring continuity of life-sustaining therapies by providing adequate response time to handle emerging issues prior to adverse clinical impacts. Due to numerous competing constraints in implantable medical devices, a range of considerations can be taken into account when it comes to prognostic sensors, logic, and responses as part of a risk management approach.
Orally Active, Nonpeptide Vasopressin V<sub>2</sub> Receptor Antagonists:  A Novel Series of 1-[4-(Benzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-benzazepines and Related Compounds (1996)

This paper describes a novel series of nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists. It has been demonstrated that the 1-[4-(benzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-1H-benzazepines and 1-[4-(benzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-1H-1,5-benzodiazepines show a high affinity for V2 (and V1a) receptors. Among the 1-[4-(benzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-1H-benzazepine series, compounds with an alkylamino group on the benzazepine ring have been shown to have oral activity. A lipophilic group at the ortho position on the terminal benzoyl ring is important for both high V2 receptor affinity and oral activity. On the basis of these favorable properties, clinical testing of 31b has begun for use as an oral and iv aquaretic agent.
A Vaccine Strategy that Induces Protective Immunity against Heroin (2011)

Heroin addiction is a wide-reaching problem with a spectrum of damaging social consequences. A vaccine capable of blocking heroin's effects could provide a long-lasting and sustainable adjunct to heroin addiction therapy. Heroin, however, presents a particularly challenging immunotherapeutic target, as it is metabolized to multiple psychoactive molecules. To reconcile this dilemma, we examined the idea of a singular vaccine with the potential to display multiple drug-like antigens; thus two haptens were synthesized, one heroin-like and another morphine-like in chemical structure. A key feature in this approach is that immunopresentation with the heroin-like hapten is thought to be immunochemically dynamic such that multiple haptens are simultaneously presented to the immune system. We demonstrate the significance of this approach through the extremely rapid generation of robust polyclonal antibody titers with remarkable specificity. Importantly, both the antinociceptive effects of heroin and acquisition of heroin self-administration were blocked in rats vaccinated using the heroin-like hapten.
Robust Absolute Rotation Estimation via Low-Rank and Sparse Matrix Decomposition (2014)

This paper proposes a robust method to solve the absolute rotation estimation problem, which arises in global registration of 3D point sets and in structure-from-motion. A novel cost function is formulated which inherently copes with outliers. In particular, the proposed algorithm handles both outlier and missing relative rotations, by casting the problem as a "low-rank & sparse" matrix decomposition. As a side effect, this solution can be seen as a valid and cost-effective detector of inconsistent pair wise rotations. Computational efficiency and numerical accuracy, are demonstrated by simulated and real experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Synthetic Compounds with Glutathione Peroxidase Activity. (1989)

Abstract Glutathione peroxidase is the major defense in the lens of the eye against hydrogen peroxide.
Network survivability oriented Markov games (NSOMG) in wideband satellite communications (2014)

• Developed a practical Network Survivability Oriented Markov Game (NSOMG) framework for the advanced wideband satellite communication (SATCOM). • NSOMG offers a holistic approach to dynamic resource management spectrum sensing and waveform adaptation in the presence of active jammers and interferers. • System integration and performance evaluation demonstrates a practical SATCOM scenario. • A Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and Gnu's not Unix (GNU) Radio based hardware testbed has been implemented.
Plasma Relaxin Levels in Pregnant and Lactating Dogs1 (1987)

The pattern of plasma relaxin has been studied during pregnancy and following parturition in two breeds of dogs, Labrador retrievers and beagle hounds. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals following mating and during pregnancy, parturition, and lactation. Relaxin, progesterone, and estradiol-17 beta were determined by specific double antibody radioimmunoassays. Immunoreactive relaxin (IR) was not detectable in plasma of male dogs, bitches in anestrous, or pseudopregnant bitches that had undergone an infertile mating. IR was first detectable in plasma in the third or fourth week of gestation in retrievers and beagles. IR levels rose to a peak of 4-5 ng/ml in both breeds. The peak plasma levels were reached 2-3 wk before whelping and declined significantly prior to that event. IR then persisted during lactation at a level of 0.5-2 ng/ml for 4-9 wk, but was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) at all time periods and persisted longer in labradors than in beagles. The secretion of relaxin did not parallel that of progesterone, which was highly elevated in the first samples drawn (during the first week of pregnancy), remained high through 5 or 6 wk of gestation, then slowly declined until the time of parturition, becoming undetectable during lactation. Plasma estradiol-17 beta was low after the second week of pregnancy in both breeds of dogs and became undetectable during lactation. The source of relaxin in the dog is not known currently, and its sites of secretion and role in pregnancy are currently under investigation in our laboratories. The dog is the first species in which plasma IR is detectable during lactation using antibody R6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exploiting prosodic features for dialog act tagging in a discriminative modeling framework (2007)

Cue-based automatic dialog act tagging uses lexical, syntactic and prosodic knowledge in the identification of dialog acts. In this paper, we propose a discriminative framework for automatic dialog act tagging using maximum entropy modeling. We propose two schemes for integrating prosody in our modeling framework: (i) Syntaxbased categorical prosody prediction from an automatic prosody labeler, (ii) A novel method to model continuous acoustic-prosodic observation sequence as a discrete sequence through the means of quantization. The proposed prosodic feature integration results in a relative improvement of 11.8% over using lexical and syntactic features alone on the Switchboard-DAMSL corpus. The performance of using the lexical, syntactic and prosodic features results in an dialog act tagging accuracy of 84.1%, close to the human agreement of 84%.
Myxococcus xanthus msDNA.Mx162 Exists as a Complex with Proteins (1989)

Myxococcus xanthus, a myxobacterium, contains a peculiar branched RNA-linked DNA called msDNA. Reverse transcriptase has been shown to be required for the production of msDNA. Existence of proteins that bind to one of the two msDNAs in M. xanthus, msDNA.Mx162, was examined by gel retardation assays. Total cell-free extract yielded two distinct retarded bands. Both bands were sensitive to treatment with proteinase K, indicating that there is a protein(s) that is able to bind to msDNA. Further, the formation of the bands was inhibited by the addition of nonradioactive msDNA but not by a large excess of poly(dA) in the presence of a 5000-fold excess of poly(dI.dC).poly(dI.dC). In vivo footprinting using dimethyl sulfate revealed that the deoxynucleotide stretch from 60 to 161 is protected. When a M. xanthus cell lysate was centrifuged in a 16-30% glycerol gradient, msDNA was found to sediment in two peaks: a major peak corresponding in size to 14 S, and a minor one at 5 S. These results indicate that msDNA.Mx162 exists as a complex with specific proteins in the cell.
<title>Successive refinement of video: fundamental issues, past efforts, and new directions</title> (2003)

The paper provides an overview of the fundamental issues confronting scalable video compression, together with some of the most promising general approaches to addressing these issues. For motivation, the paper sketches a compelling application in remote browsing of video, whose realization is not possible without efficient highly scalable video compression technology. The paper outlines some of the most important structural alternatives for wavelet-based scalable video compression systems, together with experimental findings in support of particular alternatives. In particular, the paper describes novel spatio-temporal decomposition structures, a novel finely embedded motion coding structure, and a complete compression system which addresses the needs of a wide range of potential applications. Preliminary compression performance results are provided together with information on an implementation which is capable of real-time decoding at CIF resolutions and beyond.