gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Programmable Hyperspectral Imaging Mapper (1992)

Programmable hyperspectral imaging mapper (PHIMAP) is conceptual generic advanced spectral imaging system that scans swath along ground track from airplane or spacecraft in orbit. Features include spectrally agile filters and processing on focal-plane array. Provides both high spatial resolution and large number of spectral channels. Can be programmed to trade spectral resolution andspectral coverage flexibly against signal-to-noise ratio to optimize utility of image data from scenes of spectrally and spatially varying brightness.
Downregulation of miR-23a and miR-27a following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Neuronal Cell Death through Activation of Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. To identify miRs that may regulate neuronal cell death after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), we profiled miR expression changes during the first several days after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in mice. miR-23a and miR-27a were rapidly downregulated in the injured cortex in the first hour after TBI. These changes coincided with increased expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Noxa, Puma, and Bax. In an etoposide-induced in vitro model of apoptosis in primary cortical neurons, miR-23a and miR-27a were markedly downregulated as early as 1 h after exposure, before the upregulation of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules. Administration of miR-23a and miR-27a mimics attenuated etoposide-induced changes in Noxa, Puma, and Bax, reduced downstream markers of caspase-dependent (cytochrome c release and caspase activation) and caspase-independent (apoptosis-inducing factor release) pathways, and limited neuronal cell death. In contrast, miRs hairpin inhibitors enhanced etoposide-induced neuronal apoptosis and caspase activation. Importantly, administration of miR-23a and miR-27a mimics significantly reduced activation of Puma, Noxa, and Bax as well as attenuated markers of caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis after TBI. Furthermore, miR-23a and miR-27a mimics significantly attenuated cortical lesion volume and neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus after TBI. These findings indicate that post-traumatic decreases in miR-23a and miR-27a contribute to neuronal cell death after TBI by upregulating proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, thus providing a novel therapeutic target.
Thermally Stable Composite (TSC <sup> tm </sup> ) - Graphite Fiber Reinforced Glass For Dimensionally Stable Applications (1984)

Through the reinforcement of glass matrices with high modulus graphite fibers a family of highly stable composites has been developed. The fabrication and properties of these composites will be described. It will be shown that tensile strength and fracture toughness far above that of the parent glass matrix can be achieved. Composite thermal expansion behavior will be described in detail with CTE values of less than 1 X 10-''C<sup>-1</sup> achievable in specific instances. This combination of mechanical strength and to CTE recommends these materials for applications reauiring extreme environmental and dimensional stability which have traditionally utilized unreinforced glasses and graphite-epoxy composites.
Laser magnetic immunoassay. (1989)

PURPOSE:To enhance detection sensitivity, by a method wherein magnetic ultrafine particles are used as the marker of antigen-antibody reaction and, after unreacted magnetic ultrafine particles are separated and removed in a magnetic field, laser beam is allowed to irradiate a liquid containing a specimen in the magnetic field to measure the scattering beam from a labelled substance. CONSTITUTION:A known virus antibody 2 is immobilized on a support and an unknown virus antigen 3 is injected in the immobilized antibody 2 and, after antigen-antibody reaction is performed, a magnetically labelled virus antibody 4 is reacted with the antigen 3 and, after the support is dissolved and removed, a specimen is put in a glass cell 6 and dispersed in an aqueous solution. Next, the cell 6 is mounted to an electromagnet 14 and a magnetically labelled substance is guided to the periphery of incident laser beam 9 to be concentrated therearound and the scattering luminous flux 10 or transmitted beam for the liquid containing the specimen due to laser 8 is detected by a photodiode 12. Since the motion of the antibody 4 in the liquid phase is controlled by the electromagnet 14, the intensity of the luminous flux 10 or beam 11 synchronizes with the frequency of a low frequency power source 15 and, when the luminous flux 10 or beam 11 is amplified by a lock-in amplifier 13, the intensity of the scattering beam or transmitted beam from the liquid containing the specimen can be measured without receiving the effect of temp. variation and detection sensitivity can be enhanced.
Quantitative PET of Human Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor with <sup>64</sup>Cu-DOTA-AE105: Implications for Visualizing Cancer Invasion (2012)

Our results clearly demonstrate that the peptide-based PET tracer (64)Cu-DOTA-AE105 enables the noninvasive quantification of uPAR expression in tumors in vivo, thus emphasizing its potential use in a clinical setting to detect invasive cancer foci and for individualized cancer therapy.
Event-based feature tracking with probabilistic data association (2017)

Asynchronous event-based sensors present new challenges in basic robot vision problems like feature tracking. The few existing approaches rely on grouping events into models and computing optical flow after assigning future events to those models. Such a hard commitment in data association attenuates the optical flow quality and causes shorter flow tracks. In this paper, we introduce a novel soft data association modeled with probabilities. The association probabilities are computed in an intertwined EM scheme with the optical flow computation that maximizes the expectation (marginalization) over all associations. In addition, to enable longer tracks we compute the affine deformation with respect to the initial point and use the resulting residual as a measure of persistence. The computed optical flow enables a varying temporal integration different for every feature and sized inversely proportional to the length of the flow. We show results in egomotion and very fast vehicle sequences and we show the superiority over standard frame-based cameras.
Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction (2021)

The study of eye movements and the measurement of the resulting biopotential, referred to as electrooculography (EOG), may find increasing use in applications within the domain of activity recognition, context awareness, mobile human-computer and human-machine interaction (HCI/HMI), and personal medical devices; provided that, seamless sensing of eye activity and processing thereof is achieved by a truly wearable, low-cost, and accessible technology. The present study demonstrates an alternative to the bulky and expensive camera-based eye tracking systems and reports the development of a graphene textile-based personal assistive device for the first time. This self-contained wearable prototype comprises a headband with soft graphene textile electrodes that overcome the limitations of conventional "wet" electrodes, along with miniaturized, portable readout electronics with real-time signal processing capability that can stream data to a remote device over Bluetooth. The potential of graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking and eye-operated remote object interaction is demonstrated by controlling a mouse cursor on screen for typing with a virtual keyboard and enabling navigation of a four-wheeled robot in a maze, all utilizing five different eye motions initiated with a single channel EOG acquisition. Typing speeds of up to six characters per minute without prediction algorithms and guidance of the robot in a maze with four 180° turns were successfully achieved with perfect pattern detection accuracies of 100% and 98%, respectively.
Redesigning Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa toxin into a mosquito toxin. (2007)

The Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein Cry1Aa is normally selectively active to caterpillar larvae. Through rational design, toxicity (lg/ml) to the mosquito Culex pipiens was introducedby selected deletions and substitutions of the loop residues of domain II. Toxicity to its natural targetManduca sexta was concomitantly abolished. The successful grafting of the alternate mosquito toxicity onto the original lepidopteran Cry1Aa toxin demonstrates the possibility of designing and engineering adesired toxicity into any toxin of a common scaffold by reshaping the receptor binding region with desired specificities.
Novel Non-contact Dielectric Constant Metrology for Low-k Films (2005)

We have developed a novel scanning probe technique for non‐contact electrical metrology of low‐k interlayer dielectrics in both blanket films and patterned structures. The technique is non‐invasive, has a few micron sampling spot size, and can be used for both porous and non‐porous dielectric films and stacks with or without a capping layer. The measurement can be performed either on a monitor wafer or over a test pad in the scribe line on a device wafer. The technique is capable of measuring the blanket film k‐value with a standard deviation better than 0.5%, accuracy better than ±3%, and long‐term repeatability of ±1%. The technique is based on a novel near‐field microwave probe with a spatial resolution determined by the probe tip geometry rather than by the wavelength of the radiation used. Therefore, even for microwave frequencies with wavelengths of centimeters, this near‐field probe can achieve spatial resolution down to the sub‐micron scale. When the probe tip is placed in close proximity to a low‐k film, its fringe capacitance depends on the film dielectric constant and the tip‐sample separation. We employ a microwave resonator operating at 4 GHz to measure this capacitance with resolution down to 0.3 aF. Extraction of the k‐value is based on an original approach, which provides for direct removal of the substrate contribution. We will present dielectric constant measurements, as well as wafer mapping capability examples, on a variety of low‐k films and show excellent correlation with mercury probe values.
Optical Sensing Inadirectional Memsmicrophone Inspired by the Ears of the Parasitoid Fly, Ormia Ochracea (2006)

The fabrication and characterization of a biomimetic MEMS directional microphone with integrated optical readout is presented. The use of diffraction-based optical interferometric detection with this novel microphone diaphragm avoids key limitations imposed by capacitive sensing, which is commonly used in miniature microphones. In this study, a biologically-inspired microphone with inter-digitated fingers is fabricated on a silicon substrate using a combination of surface and bulk micromachining techniques. The 1mm × 2mm microphone diaphragm is made of polysilicon and has stiffeners and carefully designed hinge supports to ensure that it responds like a rigid body on flexible hinges. The diaphragm is designed to respond to pressure gradients, giving it a first-order directional response to incident sound. This mechanical structure is integrated with a compact optoelectronic readout system. The directivity measurements show the expected figure-8 directivity pattern with a 21dB difference between the maximum and minimum at the first diaphragm resonance frequency of 2 kHz. This concept has the potential of allowing the fabrication of low noise, directional miniature microphones with high sensitivity for hearing aid applications.
A time-dispersion-tuned fiber Raman oscillator (1977)

By using a novel time-dispersion-tuning scheme a fiber Raman oscillator pumped by a mode-locked argon laser has been tuned within the broad Raman gain bandwidth (∼400 cm−1) of silica glass by varying the resonator length. A tuning range of 40 Å in the green is obtained with an average pump power of 1.6 W. A combination of time dispersion and prism tuning extends this range to 134 Å (5153–5287 Å). Tunable Raman oscillation with lower threshold in the 1-μ region should be possible with a mode-locked Nd : YAG laser pump.
Involvement of heparin chain length in the heparin-catalyzed inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III. (1984)

The mechanism of the heparin-promoted reaction of thrombin with antithrombin I11 was investigated by using covalent complexes of antithrombin I11 with either high-affinity heparin (M, = 15,000) or heparin fragments having an average of 16 and 12 monosaccharide units (Mr = 4,300 and 3,200).The complexes inhibit thrombin in the manner of active site-directed, irreversible inhibitors: E + I e E 9 I j E -I ktThat is, the inhibition rate of the enzyme is saturable with respect to concentration of complexes.The values determined for Ki = (k-1 + kz)/kl are 7 nM, 100 nM, and 6 PM when the M, of the heparin moieties are 15,000, 4,300, 3,200, respectively, whereas kz (2 s-I) is independent of the heparin chain length.The bimolecular rate constant kz/Ki for intact heparin is 3 X 10' M" s" and the corresponding second order rate constant kl is 6.7 % lo* M" s-', a value greater than that expected for a diffusion-controlled bimolecular reaction.The bimolecular rate constants for the complexes with heparin of M, = 4,300 and 3,200 are, respectively, 2 X lo' M" s-l and 3 X 10' "1
An Implementation of Physical Layer Authentication Using Software Radio (2009)

Abstract : Authentication is the process where claims of identity are verified and is a critical first step for sensitive communications. We propose a physical layer authentication technique that identifies radios based on their unique signal characteristics. The transmit signal is superimposed with a secret message-dependent authentication tag for the receiver to detect and validate. We present experimental results that indicate the usefulness of this technique: it has low impact on packet error, gives high quality authentication decisions, and is resistant to collisions.
A Facile Molecular Precursor Route to Metal Phosphide Nanoparticles and Their Evaluation as Hydrodeoxygenation Catalysts (2015)

Metal phosphides have been identified as a promising class of materials for the catalytic upgrading of bio-oils, which are renewable and potentially inexpensive sources for liquid fuels. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a series of solid, phase-pure metal phosphide nanoparticles (NPs) (Ni2P, Rh2P, and Pd3P) utilizing commercially available, air-stable metal–phosphine complexes in a one-pot reaction. This single-source molecular precursor route provides an alternative method to access metal phosphide NPs with controlled phases and without the formation of metal NP intermediates that can lead to hollow particles. The formation of the Ni2P NPs was shown to proceed through an amorphous Ni–P intermediate, leading to the desired NP morphology and metal-rich phase. This low-temperature, rapid route to well-defined metal NPs is expected to have broad applicability to a variety of readily available or easily synthesized metal–phosphine complexes with high decomposition temperatures. Hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid, an abundant bio-oil component, was performed to investigate H2 activation and deoxygenation pathways under conditions that are relevant to ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (high temperatures, low pressures, and near-stoichiometric H2 concentrations). The catalytic performance of the silica-supported metal phosphide NPs was compared to the analogous incipient wetness (IW) metal and metal phosphide catalysts over the range 200–500 °C. Decarbonylation was the primary pathway for H2 incorporation in the presence of all of the catalysts except NP-Pd3P, which exhibited minimal productive activity, and IW-Ni, which evolved H2. The highly controlled NP-Ni2P and NP-Rh2P catalysts, which were stable under these conditions, behaved comparably to the IW-metal phosphides, with a slight shift to higher product onset temperatures, likely due to the presence of surface ligands. Most importantly, the NP-Ni2P catalyst exhibited H2 activation and incorporation, in contrast to IW-Ni, indicating that the behavior of the metal phosphide is significantly different from that of the parent metal, and more closely resembles that of noble metal catalysts.
BaxΔ2 Promotes Apoptosis through Caspase-8 Activation in Microsatellite-Unstable Colon Cancer (2014)

"Bax-negative" colorectal tumors expressing a Bax isoform are sensitive to selective chemotherapeutics.
A Flexure-Based Steerable Needle: High Curvature With Reduced Tissue Damage (2012)

In the quest to design higher curvature bevel-steered needles, kinked bevel-tips have been one of the most successful approaches yet proposed. However, the price to be paid for enhancing steerability in this way has been increased tissue damage, since the prebent tip cuts a local helical path into tissue when axially rotated. This is problematic when closed-loop control is desired, because the controller will typically require the needle to rotate rapidly, and it is particularly problematic when duty cycling (i.e., continual needle spinning) is used to adjust curvature. In this paper, we propose a new flexure-based needle tip design that provides the enhanced steerability of kinked bevel-tip needles, while simultaneously minimizing tissue damage.
Microwave Photonics Applications of Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators (2007)

Whispering gallery resonators (WGRs) made of electro-optic crystals are suitable for the realization of widely tunable microwave photonic filters as well as electro-optical modulators. We review recent progress in the field and discuss possible solutions of problems related to design and fabrication of narrow-band widely tunable high- order filters based on high-Q LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> WGRs and demonstrate fifth-order filter function with the resonators.
Selective inhibition of the T cell p38 alternative activation pathway and pancreatic cancer (TUM3P.1046) (2015)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a five year survival rate of ~5%, that is characterized by a marked fibro-inflammatory microenvironment, the presence of which can promote cancer induction and growth. Therefore, selective manipulation of local cytokines is an attractive if unrealized therapeutic approach. T cells possess a unique mechanism for activation of p38 MAPK downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement in which it is phosphorylated on Tyr-323 (pY323), which is required for pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Analysis of 192 human pancreatic carcinomas revealed that having a high percentage of infiltrating pY323+ T cells was accompanied by large numbers of TNFa and IL-17-producing CD4+ TIL and very aggressive disease. Cancer progression was inhibited in two different murine pancreatic tumors models by genetic ablation of the alternative p38 activation pathway. Strikingly, a plasma membrane-permeable peptide derived from Gadd45α, the naturally-occurring inhibitor of p38 pY323+, reduced infiltrating CD4+ T cell production of TNFa, IL-17A, IL-10, and induction of secondary cytokines, slowed the growth of implanted tumor cells and inhibited progression of spontaneous K-ras-driven adenocarcinoma. Thus, TCR-mediated alternative p38 activation in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells, which promotes the production of pro-tumorigenic inflammatory factors, can be targeted for therapeutic benefit.
Practical loss tangent imaging with amplitude-modulated atomic force microscopy (2016)

Amplitude-modulated (AM) atomic force microscopy (AFM), also known as tapping or AC mode, is a proven, reliable, and gentle imaging method with widespread applications. Previously, the contrast in AM-AFM has been difficult to quantify. AFM loss tangent imaging is a recently introduced technique that recasts AM mode phase imaging into a single term tan δ that includes both the dissipated and stored energy of the tip-sample interaction. It promises fast, versatile mapping of variations in near-surface viscoelastic properties. However, experiments to date have generally obtained values larger than expected for the viscoelastic loss tangent of materials. Here, we explore and discuss several practical considerations for AFM loss tangent imaging experiments. A frequent limitation to tapping in air is Brownian (thermal) motion of the cantilever. This fundamental noise source limits the accuracy of loss tangent estimation to approximately 0.01&lt;tan δ&lt;5 in air. In addition, surface effects including squeeze film damping, adhesion, and plastic deformation can contribute in a manner consistent with experimentally observed overestimations. For squeeze film damping, we demonstrate a calibration technique that removes this effect at every pixel. Finally, temperature-dependent imaging in a two-component polymeric film demonstrates that this technique can identify temperature-dependent phase transitions, even in the presence of such non-ideal interactions. These results help understand the limits and opportunities not only of this particular technique but also of AM mode with phase imaging in general.
Robust porous polymers enabled by a fast trifluoroacetic acid etch with improved selectivity for polylactide (2017)

Faster and more selective etching of polylactides from few-mm thick block copolymer films enabled by trifluoroacetic acid etchant.
Effect of 2-Methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α-Hydroxy-Bishomopregnacalciferol (2MbisP), an Analog of Vitamin D, on Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (2007)

In uremic rats, 2MbisP can suppress PTH at doses that do not affect plasma calcium, phosphorus, and calcium x phosphorus product. This new vitamin D analog may represent an important tool in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD.
Bis(perfluoroalkanoyl) peroxides as reagents for perfluoroalkylations. (1988)

Bis (perfluoroalkanoyl) peroxides were found to be useful reagents for perfluoroalkylations ; various perfluoroalkyl groups, such as perfluoromethyl, perfluoropropyl, or perfluoroheptyl, can be introduced into electron-rich benzenes, olefins, or heteroaromatic compounds in a similar procedure. The perfluoroalkylations proceed under mild conditions in high yields and regioselectively
Immunostimulating Activity of Polysaccharides from Mycelia of Phellinus linteus Grown under Different Culture Conditions (1997)

Polysaccharides were extracted from mycelia of Phellinus linteus grown under different culture conditions. The in vitro immunostimulating activity was measured by plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. The activity of the polysaccharidcs was different from that of mycelia from which was extracted. The number of PFC's ranged from 40 to 600 depending on the media. When P. linteus was cultured on a medium with mannose or starch as a sole carbon source, the fungus produced polysaccharide with the highest activity of 960 PFC. Activity was therefore increased by 50% compared with polysaccharide which was extracted from mycelia grown on medium with glucose. pH had little effect on the change in activity. All polysaccharides on media with different pH stimulated about 600 PFC. These results suggest that activity could be increased by polysaccharide modification through changes in physiological conditions.