gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a new method for dispersing warm fogs (1985)

Low visibility due to warm fog has caused costly disruptions in the case of aircraft schedules, and fog-related difficulties can arise in connection with Space Shuttle flights. As current methods of fog elimination are not entirely satisfactory, Kelley (1983) has proposed a new brute force procedure for warm fog dispersal. This procedure makes use of recycled water sprays. Fog droplets are removed by coalescence/rainout. Details regarding the involved approaches are described, and a demonstration of the method is discussed. Attention is given to tests conducted in October 1984, visual range improvement in response of water spray fog dispersal, a systematic investigation concerning a selection of firefighting nozzles, and histograms of fog droplet number concentration measured in the spray curtain outflow with a forward scattering spectrometer probe.
Enhanced Optimization with Composite Objectives and Novelty Pulsation (2019)

An important benefit of multi-objective search is that it maintains a diverse population of candidates, which helps in deceptive problems in particular. Not all diversity is useful, however: candidates that optimize only one objective while ignoring others are rarely helpful. A recent solution is to replace the original objectives by their linear combinations, thus focusing the search on the most useful trade-offs between objectives. To compensate for the loss of diversity, this transformation is accompanied by a selection mechanism that favors novelty. This paper improves this approach further by introducing novelty pulsation, i.e. a systematic method to alternate between novelty selection and local optimization. In the highly deceptive problem of discovering minimal sorting networks, it finds state-of-the-art solutions significantly faster than before. In fact, our method so far has established a new world record for the 20-lines sorting network with 91 comparators. In the real-world problem of stock trading, it discovers solutions that generalize significantly better on unseen data. Composite Novelty Pulsation is therefore a promising approach to solving deceptive real-world problems through multi-objective optimization.
Control of Threshold Voltage in 80 nm Gate Length InAs Vertical Nanowire WIGFETs (2007)

Numerous investigations have studied the performance of lateral transistors based on single nanowires, there are only a few studies of the fabrication and performance of vertical transistors with wrap-gates, so called WIGFETs. Based on our previous study of 800 nm gate length transistors, we have now scaled the technology to sub 100 nm gate length and study the lateral scaling of the nanowires in the transistor structure. It is demonstrated that the scaling provides a mean to adjust the threshold voltage of the transistor.
Optimization of aircraft seat cushion fire blocking layers (1983)

This report describes work completed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration - for the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center. The purpose of this work was to examine the potential of fire blocking mechanisms for aircraft seat cushions in order to provide an optimized seat configuration with adequate fire protection and minimum weight. Aluminized thermally stable fabrics were found to provide adequate fire protection when used in conjunction with urethane foams, while maintaining minimum weight and cost penalty.
SAS for Forecasting Time Series (2003)

Preface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1- Overview of Time Series. Chapter 2- Simple Models: Autoregression. Chapter 3- The General ARIMA Model. Chapter 4- The ARIMA Model: Introductory Applications. Chapter 5- The ARIMA Model: Special Applications. Chapter 6- State Space Modeling. Chapter 7- Spectral Analysis. Chapter 8- Data Mining and Forecasting. References. Index.
Urearetics: a small molecule screen yields nanomolar potency inhibitors of urea transporter UT‐B (2007)

Functional studies in knockout mice indicate a critical role for urea transporters (UTs) in the urinary concentrating mechanism and in renal urea clearance. However, potent and specific urea transport blockers have not been available. Here, we used high-throughput screening to discover high-affinity, small molecule inhibitors of the UT-B urea transporter. A collection of 50,000 diverse, drug-like compounds was screened using a human erythrocyte lysis assay based on UT-B-facilitated acetamide transport. Primary screening yielded approximately 30 UT-B inhibitors belonging to the phenylsulfoxyoxazole, benzenesulfonanilide, phthalazinamine, and aminobenzimidazole chemical classes. Screening of approximately 700 structurally similar analogs gave many active compounds, the most potent of which inhibited UT-B urea transport with an EC50 of approximately 10 nM, and approximately 100% inhibition at higher concentrations. Phenylsulfoxyoxazoles and phthalazinamines also blocked rodent UT-B and had good UT-B vs. UT-A specificity. The UT-B inhibitors did not reduce aquaporin-1 (AQP1)-facilitated water transport. In AQP1-null erythrocytes, "chemical UT-B knockout" by UT-B inhibitors reduced by approximately 3-fold UT-B-mediated water transport, supporting an aqueous pore pathway through UT-B. UT-B inhibitors represent a new class of diuretics, "urearetics," which are predicted to increase renal water and solute clearance in water-retaining states.
Oculometric assessment of dynamic visual processing (2014)

Eye movements are the most frequent (∼3/s), shortest-latency (∼150-250 ms), and biomechanically simplest (one joint, no inertial complexities) voluntary motor behavior in primates, providing a model system to assess sensorimotor disturbances arising from trauma, fatigue, aging, or disease states. We have developed a 15-min behavioral tracking protocol consisting of randomized Rashbass (1961) step-ramp radial target motion to assess several aspects of the behavioral response to visual motion, including pursuit initiation, steady-state tracking, direction tuning, and speed tuning. We show how oculomotor data can be converted into direction- and speed-tuning oculometric functions, with large increases in efficiency over traditional button-press psychophysics. We also show how the latter two can be converted into standard visual psychometric thresholds. To assess our paradigm, we first tested for the psychometric criterion of repeatability, and report that our metrics are reliable across repeated sessions. Second, we tested for the psychometric criterion of validity, and report that our metrics show the anticipated changes as the motion stimulus degrades due to spatiotemporal undersampling. Third, we documented the distribution of these metrics across a population of 41 normal observers to provide a thorough quantitative picture of normal human ocular tracking performance, with practice and expectation effects minimized. Our method computes 10 metrics that quantify various aspects of the eye-movement response during a simple 15-min clinical test, which could be used as a screening or assessment tool for disorders affecting sensorimotor processing, including degenerative retinal disease; developmental, neurological or psychiatric disorders; strokes; and traumatic brain injury.
Effect of Additional Reference Current in a Reference Junction-Double Relaxation Oscillation SQUID (RJ-DROS) (2007)

A double relaxation oscillation SQUID with a reference junction (RJ-DROS) already has a fixed reference current, so that it holds a fixed flux-to-voltage characteristics when fabricated. When an additional current flows through the reference junction but not through the signal junction in the RJ-DROS, we have obtained the variation of its characteristics. The additional reference current has an effect on reducing the fixed reference current, which results in changing averaged relaxation voltage and transfer coefficient. In particular, while the critical current of the signal SQUID exceeds the reference current, the averaged relaxation voltage at the reference junction is enlarged by the added bias current combined with an additional current and an initial bias current. Therefore the additional reference current can provide the RJ-DROS with variable modulation depth and width within the operating range. Although the characteristics of RJ-DROSs are fixed differently each to each when they are fabricated, the additional current can adjust their characteristics to the same one, which is useful for controlling DROSs in a multichannel DROS system. However, an input-bias current in the preamplifier detecting the outputs at the reference junction, acts as an additional current, and then makes the reference current shift from the optimum current or deviate from the operating range, the input-bias current needs to be regulated within the operating range
Improved Helper Virus-Free Packaging System for HSV Amplicon Vectors Using an ICP27-Deleted, Oversized HSV-1 DNA in a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (2001)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) amplicons are prokaryotic plasmids containing one or more transcriptional units and two cis-acting HSV-1 sequences: a viral origin of DNA replication and a viral DNA cleavage/packaging signal. In the presence of HSV-1 "helper" functions, amplicons are replicated and packaged into HSV-1 virions. Despite recent improvements in packaging methods, stocks of amplicon vectors are still contaminated with replication-competent helper virus at a frequency of 10(-4)-10(-6). To overcome this problem, we report that: (i) genetic modifications of HSV-1 genomes can be routinely achieved in Escherichia coli, either by homologous or site-specific recombination, (ii) a novel HSV-1 bacterial artificial chromosome (fHSVDeltapacDelta27 0+), which has a deletion in the essential gene encoding ICP27 and an addition of ICP0 "stuffer" sequences to increase its size to 178 kb, supports the replication and packaging of cotransfected amplicon DNA without generating replication-competent helper virus (<1 helper virus per 10(8) TU amplicon vectors), and (iii) the resulting amplicon stocks have titers of up to 3-10 x 10(8) TU/ml after concentration. Elimination of replication-competent helper virus from HSV-1 amplicon vector stocks further improves safety in gene transfer applications.
Helicobacter pylori: prospettive per un vaccino (2003)

Helicobacter pylori causes one of the most widespread infections worldwide: it affects more than 50% of the human population, and is responsible for serious gastric pathologies such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis and, in some individuals, gastric cancer. Current treatments with antibiotics are efficacious, but encounters several drawbacks at the level of compliance, side effects, antibiotic resistance, etc.The availability of vaccines could contribute in reducing the burden of H. pylori associated diseases. Several bacterial antigens have been identified as virulence factors and proposed as potential vaccine candidates. Some of these antigens have been tested in experimental animal models of challenge with H. pylori. The experiments in animals have shown that prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against H. pylori is indeed feasible. Several open questions still remain concerning the understanding of the host-microbe relationship and the quality of the immune response which should be induced in order to confer protective immunity in man.The answers to these questions will be crucial in helping the preparation of appropriate vaccine formulations able to efficaciously protect humans both prophylactically and therapeutically. A few clinical trials have been carried out so far with still limited results. Other trials in humans are in progress and are planned for the next few years.The final hope is that these new vaccines will show the expected efficacy against H. pylori and will permit the elimination of this pathogen which has cohabited with humans for more than 100,000 years.
Molecular mapping of functional domains of the leukocyte receptor for endothelium, LAM-1. (1991)

The human lymphocyte homing receptor LAM-1, like its murine counterpart MEL-14, functions as a mammalian lectin, and mediates the binding of leukocytes to specialized high endothelial cells in lymphoid organs (HEV). LAM-1 is a member of a new family of cell adhesion molecules, termed selectins or LEC-CAMs, which also includes ELAM-1 and PAD-GEM (GMP-140/CD62). To localize the regions of LAM-1 that are involved in cell adhesion, we developed chimeric selectins, in which various domains of PAD-GEM were substituted into LAM-1, and used these chimeric proteins to define the domain requirements for carbohydrate binding, and to localize the regions recognized by several mAb which inhibit the adhesion of lymphocytes to lymph node HEV. The binding of PPME or fucoidin, soluble complex carbohydrates that specifically define the lectin activity of LAM-1 and MEL-14, required only the lectin domain of LAM-1. The LAM1-1, LAM1-3, and LAM1-6 mAb each strongly inhibit the binding of lymphocytes to HEV in the in vitro frozen section assay, and defined three independent epitopes on LAM-1. Blocking of PPME or fucoidin binding by LAM1-3 indicated that this site is identical, or in close proximity, to the carbohydrate binding site, and analysis of the binding of LAM1-3 to chimeric selectins showed that the epitope detected by LAM1-3 is located within the lectin domain. Although the LAM1-6 epitope is also located in the lectin domain, LAM1-6 did not affect the binding of PPME or fucoidin. The LAM1-1 epitope was located in, or required, the EGF domain, and, importantly, binding of LAM1-1 significantly enhanced the binding of both PPME and fucoidin. These results suggest that adhesion mediated by LAM-1 may involve cooperativity between functionally and spatially distinct sites, and support previous data suggesting a role for the EGF domain of LAM-1 in lymphocyte adhesion to HEV.
Structural Features and PF4 Functions that Occur in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Complicated by COVID-19 (2020)

Platelet factor 4 (PF4, CXCL4) is a small chemokine protein released by activated platelets. Although a major physiological function of PF4 is to promote blood coagulation, this cytokine is involved in innate and adaptive immunity in events when platelets are activated in response to infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have abnormal coagulation activities, and severe patients develop higher D-dimer levels. D-dimers are small protein products present in the blood after blood clots are degraded by fibrinolysis. To prevent clotting, heparin is often clinically used in COVID-19 patients. Some clinical procedures for the management of COVID-19 patients may include extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and renal replacement therapy (CRRT), which also require the use of heparin. Anti-PF4 antibodies are frequently detected in severe patients and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) can also be observed. PF4 and its role in HIT as well as in pathologies seen in COVID-19 patients define a potential therapeutic option of using blocking antibodies in the treatment of COVID-19.
An estrogen receptor pathway regulates the telogen-anagen hair follicle transition and influences epidermal cell proliferation. (1996)

The hair follicle is a cyclic, self renewing epidermal structure which is thought to be controlled by signals from the dermal papilla, a specialized cluster of mesenchymal cells within the dermis. Topical treatments with 17-beta-estradiol to the clipped dorsal skin of mice arrested hair follicles in telogen and produced a profound and prolonged inhibition of hair growth while treatment with the biologically inactive stereoisomer, 17-alpha-estradiol, did not inhibit hair growth. Topical treatments with ICI 182,780, a pure estrogen receptor antagonist, caused the hair follicles to exit telogen and enter anagen, thereby initiating hair growth. Immunohistochemical staining for the estrogen receptor in skin revealed intense and specific staining of the nuclei of the cells of the dermal papilla. The expression of the estrogen receptor in the dermal papilla was hair cycle-dependent with the highest levels of expression associated with the telogen follicle. 17-beta-Estradiol-treated epidermis demonstrated a similar number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) S-phase cells as the control epidermis above telogen follicles; however, the number of BrdUrd S-phase basal cells in the control epidermis varied according to the phase of the cycle of the underlying hair follicles and ranged from 2.6% above telogen follicles to 7.0% above early anagen follicles. These findings indicate an estrogen receptor pathway within the dermal papilla regulates the telogen-anagen follicle transition and suggest that diffusible factors associated with the anagen follicle influence cell proliferation in the epidermis.
Distributed sensor based on dark-pulse Brillouin scattering (2005)

A novel dark-pulse-based technique has been used for the first time in a Brillouin scattering-based distributed fiber sensor. Experimentally obtained Brillouin spectra demonstrate that the dark-pulse configuration is as capable of strain and temperature measurement as conventional pulse-based systems but at much higher spatial resolution. A spatial resolution of 50 mm is reported with a strain measurement accuracy of 6 μ/spl epsiv/ on a 100-m sensing fiber.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in GaN‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unsupervised Bayesian visualization of high-dimensional data (2000)

We propose a data reduction method based on a probabilistic similarity framework where tw o vectors are considered similar if they lead to similar predictions. We sho w ho w this type of a probabilistic similarity metric can be de ned both in a supervised and unsupervised manner. As a concrete application of the suggested multidimensional scaling scheme, we describe how the method can be used for producing visual images of high-dimensional data, and give several examples of visualizations obtained by using the suggested scheme with probabilistic Bayesian net w ork models.
Understanding how off-chip memory bandwidth partitioning in Chip Multiprocessors affects system performance (2010)

Chip Multi-Processor (CMP) architectures have recently become a mainstream computing platform. Recent CMPs allow cores to share expensive resources, such as the last level cache and off-chip pin bandwidth. To improve system performance and reduce the performance volatility of individual threads, last level cache and off-chip bandwidth partitioning schemes have been proposed. While how cache partitioning affects system performance is well understood, little is understood regarding how bandwidth partitioning affects system performance, and how bandwidth and cache partitioning interact with one another. In this paper, we propose a simple yet powerful analytical model that gives us an ability to answer several important questions: (1) How does off-chip bandwidth partitioning improve system performance? (2) In what situations the performance improvement is high or low, and what factors determine that? (3) In what way cache and bandwidth partitioning interact, and is the interaction negative or positive? (4) Can a theoretically optimum bandwidth partition be derived, and if so, what factors affect it? We believe understanding the answers to these questions is very valuable to CMP system designers in coming up with strategies to deal with the scarcity of off-chip bandwidth in future CMPs with many cores on a chip.
Electric-field-induced motion of polymer cholesteric liquid-crystal flakes in a moderately conductive fluid (2002)

Polymer cholesteric liquid-crystal flakes suspended in a fluid with nonnegligible conductivity can exhibit motion in the presence of an ac electric field. The plateletlike particles with a Grandjean texture initially lie parallel to the cell substrates and exhibit a strong selective reflection that is diminished or extinguished as the flakes move. Flake motion was seen within a specific frequency bandwidth in an electric field as low as 5 mV(rms)/microm. Flakes reoriented about their longest axis to align parallel to theapplied field, and a rise time of 560 ms was seen in a 40-mV(rms)/microm field at 100 Hz.
A Jitter-Tolerance-Enhanced CDR Using a GDCO-Based Phase Detector (2007)

A jitter-tolerance-enhanced 10Gb/s clock/data recovery (CDR) is presented. By using a gated-digital-controlled oscillator (GDCO), the proposed GDCO-based phase detector achieves a wide linear range and its jitter tolerance is enhanced without sacrificing the jitter transfer. It has been fabricated in 0.13μm CMOS technology and consumes 60mW from a 1.5V supply.
Charge-noise-insensitive gate operations for always-on, exchange-only qubits (2016)

We introduce an always-on, exchange-only qubit made up of three localized semiconductor spins that offers a true "sweet spot" to fluctuations of the quantum dot energy levels. Both single- and two-qubit gate operations can be performed using only exchange pulses while maintaining this sweet spot. We show how to interconvert this qubit to other three-spin encoded qubits as a new resource for quantum computation and communication.
Computing Shapes of Nanocrystals from X-ray Diffraction Data (2006)

An elegant mathematical technique has been developed and tested for computing the shapes of nanocrystals from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The method is specially suited to the shape analysis of crystallites in nanopowder specimens. Unlike visualization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it can find the full 3-D crystallite shape even in the presence of agglomeration. The technique has been validated using XRD and TEM data on the systems CeO2, Ge, ZnO, Zr56C44, In2O3, MnFe2O4, and iron(II−III) hydroxysulfate. This will aid in the shape-selective synthesis and design of materials. Other merits of the method and some extensions are also discussed.
Speculative Precomputation on Chip Multiprocessors (2002)

Previous work on speculative precomputation (SP) on simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) architectures has shown significant benefits. The SP techniques improve singlethreaded program performance by utilizing otherwise idle thread contexts to run “helper threads”, which prefetch critical data into shared caches and reduce the time the “main thread ” stalls waiting for long latency outstanding loads. This technique effectively exploits the parallel thread contexts and the data cache sharing at all levels of the memory hierarchy that SMT provides. Chip multiprocessor (CMP) architectures also feature parallel thread contexts, but do not share caches near execution resources. In this paper, we first investigate SP on a basic CMP and show that while the existing SP techniques can provide performance improvements for single-threaded application on such CMP architectures, they fall short of the benefits provided on SMT architectures due to the reduced degree of cache sharing. We then propose and evaluate several simple enhancements to the basic CMP architecture, which can increase the speedup from using SP by an additional 10 to 12%. 1.