gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable wavelength filter using nano-sized droplets of liquid crystal (1999)

An electrically tunable optical filter has been developed that uses a polymer containing fine droplets of nematic liquid crystal as the active cavity in a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). This FPI filter, whose finesse was 62, had a free spectral range of 37 nm in the 1.55-μm range with a full-width at half maximum of 0.6 nm and a transmission loss of 2.4 dB. The polarization dependent loss was smaller than 0.17 dB. The transmitted peak wavelength decreased with an electric field. This resulted in a tuning range of 10 nm at 300 V. The switching time was about 370 μs.
Hybrid trellis-coded 8/4-PSK modulation systems (1990)

By using codes of rate 2/3 followed by 8-PSK modulation, a gain of 3-6 dB is obtained over uncoded 4-PSK, for an ideal coherent transmission on the white Gaussian channel. In the presence of carrier phase offset, it has been shown that trellis-coded 8-PSK systems are more sensitive than uncoded 4-PSK. A more robust performance can be achieved by using rate 2/3 trellis-coded 8-PSK signals and 4-PSK signals in a time-varying manner. Only the mapper from the output of the binary convolutional code to the signal point number to be transmitted has to be periodically time-varying. In its simplest form, trellis-coded 8-PSK and 4-PSK signals alternate in time. An examination has also been made of systems where the mixture of 8-PSK and 4-PSK signals varies, with a short periodic sequence of time-varying mapping rules. The distance spectra and error probability are evaluated with and without phase offset. Simulation results of bit error rate (BER) and performance of the recovery loop (S curve) are presented. It is concluded that systems which are more robust against jitter can be achieved by means of time-varying hybrid trellis-coded 8/4-PSK systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silicon nitride grating based planar spectral splitting concentrator for NIR light Harvesting (2020)

We design a multi-layered solar spectral splitting planar concentrator for near infrared (NIR) light energy harvesting application. Each layer includes a silicon nitride based subwavelength diffraction grating on top of a glass substrate that is optimized to diffract the incoming solar radiation in a specific band from a broad spectral band (700-1400 nm in the NIR region) into guided modes propagating inside the glass substrate. The steep diffraction angle due to subwavelength grating results in concentrated light at the edge of each layer where it is then converted to electricity using a photovoltaic cell. The spectral splitting planar concentrator shows an overall NIR guiding efficiency of ~18%, and power conversion efficiency of ~11%. The design can be potentially used for building integrated photovoltaics application.
Objective perceptual picture quality measurement method for high-definition video based on full reference framework (2009)

The authors study a method for objective measurement of perceived picture quality for high definition video based on the full reference framework. The proposed method applies seven spatio-temporal image features to estimate perceived quality of pictures degraded by compression coding. Computer simulation shows that the proposed method can estimate perceived picture quality at a correlation coefficient of above 0.91.
On runlength-limited coding with DC control (2000)

Constructions are presented of finite-state encoders for certain (d,k) runlength-limited (RLL) constraints with direct current control. In particular, an example is provided for a rate 8:16 encoder for the (2,10)-RLL constraint that requires no look-ahead in decoding, thus, performing favorably compared to the EFMPlus code used in the DVD standard.
Analysis of 3D cardiac deformations with 3D SinMod (2013)

In this paper, we propose a novel 3D sine wave modeling (3D SinMod) approach to automatic analysis of 3D cardiac deformations. An accelerated 3D complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (CSPAMM) tagging technique was used to modulate the myocardial tissue and to acquire 3D MR data sets of the whole-heart including three orthog- onal tags within three breath-holds. Each tag set is able to assess the motion along a direction perpendicular to the tag lines. With the application of CSPAMM, the effect of tag fading encountered in SPAMM tagging due to T1 relaxation is mitigated and tag deformations can be visualized for the entire cardiac cycle, including diastolic phases. In the proposed approach, the environment around each voxel in the 3D volume is modeled as a moving sine wavefront with local frequency and amplitude. The biggest advantage of the proposed technique is that the entire framework, from data acquisition to data analysis is in the 3D domain, which permits quantification of both the in-plane and through-plane motion components. The accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated using both simulated and in vivo tag data.
Crystallization of metallic glasses under the influence of high density dc currents (2004)

The effect of a dc current on the crystallization of Vit1A (Zr42.6Ti12.4Cu11.25Ni10Be23.75) and PCNP (Pd40Cu30Ni10P20) metallic glasses was investigated. Samples were isothermally annealed with and without the current, at 623 and 577 K for the two glasses, respectively. Small-angle neutron scattering analyses showed that in the absence of a current, the annealed Vit1A samples were amorphous, but the imposition of a current enhanced the crystallization process, increasing both the size and volume fraction of the crystallites. Similar general observations were seen for the PCNP glass. Differential scanning calorimetry patterns of Vit1A samples indicate a lower thermal stability of samples annealed with a current.
Detection of broad functional gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses in HIV-1-infected subjects following therapeutic immunization with rMVA expressing an HIV-1 gag immunogen (2006)

Open Access Oral presentation Detection of broad functional gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses in HIV-1-infected subjects following therapeutic immunization with rMVA expressing an HIV-1 gag immunogen Beatrice Ondondo*1,2, Hongbing Yang1, Tao Dong1, Kati de Gleria1, Annie Suttill1, Christopher Conlon1, Denise Brown1, Patricia Williams1, Paul Bowness1, Sarah L Rowland-Jones1,2, Tomas Hanke1, Andrew McMichael1 and Lucy Dorrell1
Nanoscale Metal–Organic Layers for Deeply Penetrating X‐ray‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy (2017)

We report the rational design of metal-organic layers (MOLs) that are built from [Hf<sub>6</sub> O<sub>4</sub> (OH)<sub>4</sub> (HCO<sub>2</sub> )<sub>6</sub> ] secondary building units (SBUs) and Ir[bpy(ppy)<sub>2</sub> ]<sup>+</sup> - or [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>2+</sup> -derived tricarboxylate ligands (Hf-BPY-Ir or Hf-BPY-Ru; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, ppy=2-phenylpyridine) and their applications in X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) of colon cancer. Heavy Hf atoms in the SBUs efficiently absorb X-rays and transfer energy to Ir[bpy(ppy)<sub>2</sub> ]<sup>+</sup> or [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>2+</sup> moieties to induce PDT by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ability of X-rays to penetrate deeply into tissue and efficient ROS diffusion through ultrathin 2D MOLs (ca. 1.2 nm) enable highly effective X-PDT to afford superb anticancer efficacy.
Sensing supercurrents using geometric effects (2016)

We describe a superconducting three-terminal device that uses a simple geometric effect known as current crowding to sense the flow of current and actuate a readout signal. The device consists of a "Y"-shaped current combiner, with two currents (sense and bias) entering through the top arms of the "Y", intersecting, and then exiting through the bottom leg of the "Y"'. This geometry--mixing two inputs at a sharp intersection point--takes its inspiration from Y-shaped combiners in fluid flow systems, where variations in the input pressures can produce at turbulence and mixing at the intersection. When current is added to or removed from one of the arms (the sense arm), the superconducting critical current in the other arm (the bias arm) is modulated. The current in the sense arm can thus be determined by measuring the critical current of the bias arm. The dependence of the bias critical current on the sense current is possible because current crowding causes the sense current to interact locally with the bias arm. Measurement of the critical current in the bias arm does not break the superconducting state of the sense arm or of the bottom leg, and thus the signal to be sensed is fully restored after the measurement process. This device thus has potential for broad applicability across superconducting technologies and materials.
Design methodology and optimization of gate-driven NMOS ESD protection circuits in submicron CMOS processes (1998)

This paper describes the design methodology for gate driven NMOS ESD protection in submicron CMOS processes. A new PNP Driven NMOS (PDNMOS)-protection scheme is presented. Without requiring any additional process steps or introducing any additional impedance in signal path, the PDN-MOS is effective even for small analog/mixed-signal designs. SPICE simulations are used to optimize the design. High ESD performance of the PDNMOS protection in both nonsilicided and silicided submicron processes is demonstrated in this work.
Detection of biological particles in ambient air using bioaerosol mass spectrometry (2006)

The Bio-Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (BAMS) system is an instrument used for the real time detection and identification of biological aerosols. Particles are drawn from the atmosphere directly into vacuum and tracked as they scatter light from several continuous wave lasers. After tracking, the fluorescence of individual particles is excited by a pulsed 266nm or 355nm laser. Molecules from those particles with appropriate fluorescence properties are subsequently desorbed and ionized using a pulsed 266nm laser. Resulting ions are analyzed in a dual polarity mass spectrometer. During two field deployments at the San Francisco International Airport, millions of ambient particles were analyzed and a small but significant fraction were found to have fluorescent properties similar to <i>Bacillus</i> spores and vegetative cells. Further separation of non-biological background particles from potential biological particles was accomplished using laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. This has been shown to enable some level of species differentiation in specific cases, but the creation and observation of higher mass ions is needed to enable a higher level of specificity across more species. A soft ionization technique, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is being investigated for this purpose. MALDI is particularly well suited for mass analysis of biomolecules since it allows for the generation of molecular ions from large mass compounds that would fragment under normal irradiation. Some of the initial results from a modified BAMS system utilizing this technique are described.
Anisotropy and enhancement of thermoelectric performance of Sr<sub>0.8</sub>La<sub>0.067</sub>Ti<sub>0.8</sub>Nb<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3−δ</sub>ceramics by graphene additions (2019)

Orientation of graphene platelets in SrTiO<sub>3</sub>ceramic composites leads to significant anisotropy in electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity.
Imide/Arylene Ether Copolymers-Part I (1991)

Two series of imide/arylene ether block copolymers were prepared using an arylene ether block and either an amorphous or semi-crystalline imide block. The resulting copolymers were characterized, and selected physical and mechanical properties were determined. These resuls, as well as comparisons with the homopolymer properties, are discussed.
A 20-Gb/s, 0.66-pJ/bit serial receiver with 2-stage continuous-time linear equalizer and 1-tap decision feedback equalizer in 45nm SOI CMOS (2011)

A power-efficient equalizing serial receiver, including a 2-stage continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) and 1-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE), is reported operating at data rates of up to 20 Gb/s. The DFE adopts a half-rate speculative architecture without explicit summing amplifiers by injecting offset-controlling currents directly into StrongARM sampling latches. At 20 Gb/s, a PCB trace with 26.3dB of loss is equalized while consuming 13.2mW (0.66 pJ/bit).
A Small Molecule Transcriptional Activation Domain (2004)

Artificial transcriptional activators are excellent tools for studying the mechanistic details of transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, as the correlation between a wide range of human diseases and misregulated transcription becomes increasingly evident, such molecules may in the long run serve as the basis for transcription-based therapeutic agents. The greatest challenge in this arena has been the discovery of organic molecules that are functional mimics of transcriptional activation domains, sequences of natural proteins that participate in a variety of protein-protein interactions to control transcriptional levels. We describe the first examples of small molecules that function in this capacity, isoxazolidines containing an array of polar and hydrophobic functional groups. Despite their small size, the most potent of the structures functions nearly as well as a natural activation domain.
Microfabricated transition-edge X-ray detectors (2001)

We are developing high performance X-ray detectors based on superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) for application in materials analysis and astronomy. Using our recently developed fully lithographic TES fabrication process, we have made devices with an energy resolution of 4.5/spl plusmn/0.1 eV for 5.9 keV X-rays, the best reported energy resolution for any energy dispersive detectors in this energy range. These detectors utilize micromachined thermal isolation structures and transition-edge sensors fabricated from Mo/Cu bilayers with normal-metal boundary conditions. We have found the normal-metal boundary conditions to be critical to stable and reproducible low noise operation. In this paper we present details of fabrication and performance of these devices.
Compressed Sensing via Universal Denoising and Approximate Message Passing (2014)

We study compressed sensing (CS) signal reconstruction problems where an input signal is measured via matrix multiplication under additive white Gaussian noise. Our signals are assumed to be stationary and ergodic, but the input statistics are unknown; the goal is to provide reconstruction algorithms that are universal to the input statistics. We present a novel algorithm that combines: (i) the approximate message passing (AMP) CS reconstruction framework, which converts the matrix channel recovery problem into scalar channel denoising; (ii) a universal denoising scheme based on context quantization, which partitions the stationary ergodic signal denoising into independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) subsequence denoising; and (iii) a density estimation approach that approximates the probability distribution of an i.i.d. sequence by fitting a Gaussian mixture (GM) model. In addition to the algorithmic framework, we provide three contributions: (i) numerical results showing that state evolution holds for non-separable Bayesian sliding-window denoisers; (ii) a universal denoiser that does not require the input signal to be bounded; and (iii) we modify the GM learning algorithm, and extend it to an i.i.d. denoiser. Our universal CS recovery algorithm compares favorably with existing reconstruction algorithms in terms of both reconstruction quality and runtime, despite not knowing the input statistics of the stationary ergodic signal.
A novel interferometric wavelength converter (1999)

The fiber Kerr effect employment in a wavelength conversion version, owing to low silica nonlinearity, has been prevented by the lack of an efficient interferometric architecture. A novel all-fiber wavelength converter is presented and characterized. The proposed scheme while taking advantage of the Kerr effect properties in standard communication optical fiber overcomes classical interferometric structure limitations, such as high environmental sensitivity and difficult operating management. A comparison with these architectures is discussed. Operation up to 3 Gb/s is demonstrated in the whole third communication window.
Vertical FET's in GaAs (1984)

Vertical FET's in GaAlAs material systems have been fabricated. The present structure makes possible extremely short (less than 1000-Å) channel devices which are beyond the reach of optical lithographic processes. Devices with transconductance g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> as high as 280 mS/mm have been obtained.
Extreme temperature operation of thulium-doped silica fiber lasers (2017)

We measure changes in the 2um absorption and emission spectra of thulium-doped silica fiber lasers operating from 80 K – 373 K. Reduction of the long wavelength tail of the 3H6-3H4 absorption feature under cryogenic cooling allows for efficient lasing in the 1800nm region. Greater than 17 W of output power was generated at 1850 nm by 793 nm diode-pumping a free-running single-mode thulium oscillator under cryogenic cooling conditions.
Alternating current flow in internally flawed conductors: A tomographic analysis (2006)

The alternating current potential drop technique is a nondestructive testing method that is mostly applied to estimate the depth of surface breaking flaws (e.g., cracks) in metallic conductors. When the flaw is hidden (internal or bottom cracks), other techniques (e.g., radiographic) must be used, which may only provide limited information on the location and dimensions of the hidden flaw. This work presents a detailed numerical analysis of ac flow in internally flawed conductors. The results can be used to reveal and estimate the dimensions and location of hidden flaws.
IL-12, Independently of IFN-γ, Plays a Crucial Role in the Pathogenesis of a Murine Psoriasis-Like Skin Disorder (1999)

Abstract The onset of acute psoriasis and the exacerbation of chronic psoriasis are often associated with a history of bacterial infection. We demonstrate that while only few scid/scid mice develop disease when CD4+CD45Rbhigh T cells are transferred alone, coadministration of LPS plus IL-12 or staphylococcal enterotoxin B into scid/scid mice 1 day after CD4+CD45Rbhigh T cell transfer greatly enhances disease penetrance and severity. Most importantly, the skin lesions induced by this method exhibit many of the histologic hallmarks observed in human psoriasis. Skin infiltrating CD4+ T cells were predominantly memory/effector cells (CD45Rblow) and exhibited a highly polarized Th1 phenotype. To test whether the development of pathogenic T cells was dependent on their production of IFN-γ, we transferred IFN-γ−/− CD4+CD45Rbhigh T cells into scid/scid or into T, B and NK cell-deficient scid/beige mice. Surprisingly, the incidence of psoriasis was similar to scid/scid animals that received IFN-γ+/+ T cells, although acanthosis of the skin was attenuated. In contrast, the development of psoriasis was abolished if anti-IL-12 mAb was administered on day 7 and 35 after T cell transfer. Skin-derived IFN-γ−/− inflammatory cells, but not cells from anti-IL-12-treated animals, secreted substantial amounts of TNF-α, suggesting that the inflammatory effect of IFN-γ−/− T cells may be partly exerted by TNF-α and that the therapeutic effect of anti-IL-12 may depend on its ability to down-regulate both TNF-α and IFN-γ. Overall, these results suggest that IL-12, independently of IFN-γ, is able to induce pathogenic, inflammatory T cells that are able to induce psoriasiform lesions in mice.
Data from Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency Reveals New Therapeutic Opportunities against Cancer (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> One of the main challenges in cancer therapy is the identification of molecular mechanisms mediating resistance or sensitivity to treatment. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) was reported to be downregulated in cells derived from patients with Bloom syndrome, a genetic disease associated with a strong predisposition to a wide range of cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CDA deficiency could be associated with tumors from the general population and could constitute a predictive marker of susceptibility to antitumor drugs.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We analyzed <i>CDA</i> expression <i>in silico</i>, in large datasets for cancer cell lines and tumors and in various cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues using IHC, PDXs, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. We also studied the mechanism underlying CDA silencing and searched for molecules that might target specifically CDA-deficient tumor cells using <i>in silico</i> analysis coupled to classical cellular experimental approaches.</p><p><b>Results:</b> We found that CDA expression is downregulated in about 60% of cancer cells and tissues. We demonstrate that DNA methylation is a prevalent mechanism of CDA silencing in tumors. Finally, we show that CDA-deficient tumor cells can be specifically targeted with epigenetic treatments and with the anticancer drug aminoflavone.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> CDA expression status identifies new subgroups of cancers, and CDA deficiency appears to be a novel and relevant predictive marker of susceptibility to antitumor drugs, opening up new possibilities for treating cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2116–26. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Recent Advances in Nuclear-Based Hydrogen Production With the Thermochemical Copper-Chlorine Cycle (2008)

This paper presents a review of recent advances in nuclear-based hydrogen with the thermochemical copper-chlorine cycle. Growing attention has focused on thermochemical water decomposition as a promising alternative to steam-methane reforming as a sustainable future method of hydrogen production. Recent advances of specific processes within the Cu-Cl cycle will be presented, particularly for purposes of calculating the overall heat requirements of the cycle and preferred configurations of the oxygen cell, disposal of molten salt and the electrochemical process of copper electrowinning. Energy balances for each individual process will be formulated and numerical results will be obtained for the heat requirements of the chemical reactors.
<title>Compression-aware demosaicing methods</title> (2002)

In many digital color-image systems, most notably digital cameras, raw data from the sensor is processed to produce a pleasing image. One of the main steps in this process is demosaicing, which is the process of interpolating the raw data into a full color image. The resulting image is in turn compressed to enable compact storage. Each of these two steps, namely the demosaicing and compression, creates its own artifacts on the final image. In this work we consider the two stages together, and design a demosaicing algorithm which takes into account the fact that the final image is to be compressed. Examples are given to demonstrate the above ideas.
Problem identification by mining trouble tickets (2014)

IT systems of today's enterprises are continuously monitored and managed by a team of resolvers. Any problem in the system is reported in the form of trouble-tickets. A ticket contains various details of the observed problem. However, the knowledge of the actual problem is hidden in the ticket description along with other information. Knowledge of issues helps the service providers to better plan to improve cost and quality of operations. In this paper, we address the problem of extracting the issues from ticket descriptions. We discuss various challenges in issue extraction and present algorithms to handle different scenarios. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms through two real-world case-studies.