gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF NUTRIENT LIMITATION ON FATTY ACID AND LIPID CONTENT OF MARINE MICROALGAE<sup>1</sup> (1994)

ABSTRACT Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chaetoceros sp. (Badllariophyceae), Isochrysis galbana (clone T‐Iso) and Pavlova lutheri (Prymnesiophyceae), Nannochloris atomus (Chlorophyceae), Tetraselmis sp. (Prasinophyceae), and Gymnodinum sp. (Dinophyceae) were cultured at different extents of nutrient‐limited growth: 50 and 5% of μ max . The lipid content of the algae was in the range 8.3–29.5% of dry matter and was generally higher in the Prymnesiophyceae than in the Prasinophyceae and the Chlorophyceae. Increasing extent of phosphorus limitation resulted in increased lipid content in the Bacillariophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae and decreased lipid content in the green flagellates N. atomus and Tetraselmis sp. The fatty acid composition of the algae showed taxonomic conformity, especially for the Bacillariophyceae, where the major fatty adds were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, and 20:5n‐3. These fatty acids were dominant also in the Prymnesiophyceae together with 22:6n‐3. An exception was I. galbana , in which 18:1 was the major monounsaturated fatty add and 20:5n‐3 was absent. The fatty acids of N. atomus and Tetraselmis sp. varied somewhat, but 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:3n‐3, and 20:5n‐3 were most abundant. Gymnodinum sp. contained mainly 16:0, 18:4n‐3, 20: 5n‐3, and 22:6n‐3. An increased level of nutrient limitation (probably phosphorus) resulted in a higher relative content of 16:0 and 18:1 and a lower relative content of 18:4n‐3, 20:5n‐3, and 22:6n‐3. The nutrient limitation probably reduced the synthesis of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Carbohydrates in xenotransplantation (2005)

The success of allotransplantation has led to an increasing shortage of human organs from deceased donors. This crisis could be resolved by the use of organs from an anatomically suitable animal, such as the pig. The pig and human have, however, been evolving differently for approximately 80 million years, and numerous immunological and physiological barriers have developed that need to be overcome. Differences in carbohydrate epitopes on pig and human cells have been found to play a major role in some of the immunological barriers that have been identified to date. The rejection caused by the presence of galactose-alpha1,3-galactose (Gal) on the pig vascular endothelium and of natural anti-Gal antibodies in humans has recently been prevented by the breeding of pigs that do not express Gal, achieved by knocking out the gene for the enzyme alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase, which was made possible by the introduction of nuclear transfer/embryo transfer techniques. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (the so-called Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen) has been identified as another carbohydrate antigen present in pigs that may need to be deleted if xenotransplantation is to be successful, although some doubt remains regarding its importance. There remain other antipig antibodies against hitherto unidentified antigenic targets that may well be involved in graft destruction; their possible carbohydrate target epitopes are discussed.
A computer vision based technique for 3-D sequence-independent structural comparison of proteins (1993)

A detailed description of an efficient approach to comparison of protein structures is presented. Given the 3-D coordinate data of the structures to be compared, the system automatically identifies every region of structural similarity between the structures without prior knowledge of an initial alignment. The method uses the geometric hashing technique which was originally developed for model-based object recognition problems in the area of computer vision. It exploits a rotationally and translationally invariant representation of rigid objects, resulting in a highly efficient, fully automated tool. The method is independent of the amino acid sequence and, thus, insensitive to insertions, deletions and displacements of equivalent substructures between the molecules being compared. The method described here is general, identifies 'real' 3-D substructures and is not constrained by the order imposed by the primary chain of the amino acids. Typical structure comparison problems are examined and the results of the new method are compared with the published results from previous methods. These results, obtained without using the sequence order of the chains, confirm published structural analogies that use sequence-dependent techniques. Our results also extend previous analogies by detecting geometrically equivalent out-of-sequential-order structural elements which cannot be obtained by current techniques.
An analysis of stress evolution in stacked GAA transistors (2016)

We used Finite Element Method to evaluate the stress evolution along a FEOL integration in Gate-All-Around transistors of stacked channels configuration. Hypothesis are done about the materials behavior and dimensions for 5 nm node to evaluate the upper and lower stress limits due to source and drain stressor effect. For the most probable configuration, slightly tensile Si channels are obtained either for pMOS and nMOS. Alternative solutions for stressing the channel in NS configuration would be essential.
Credit risk prediction in an imbalanced social lending environment (2018)

Credit risk prediction is an effective way of evaluating whether a potential borrower will repay a loan, particularly in peer-to-peer lending where class imbalance problems are prevalent. However, few credit risk prediction models for social lending consider imbalanced data and, further, the best resampling technique to use with imbalanced data is still controversial. In an attempt to address these problems, this paper presents an empirical comparison of various combinations of classifiers and resampling techniques within a novel risk assessment methodology that incorporates imbalanced data. The credit predictions from each combination are evaluated with a G-mean measure to avoid bias towards the majority class, which has not been considered in similar studies. The results reveal that combining random forest and random under-sampling may be an effective strategy for calculating the credit risk associated with loan applicants in social lending markets.
Qualitative organization of collections of shapes via quartet analysis (2013)

We present a method for organizing a heterogeneous collection of 3D shapes for overview and exploration. Instead of relying on quantitative distances, which may become unreliable between dissimilar shapes, we introduce a qualitative analysis which utilizes multiple distance measures but only in cases where the measures can be reliably compared. Our analysis is based on the notion of quartets , each defined by two pairs of shapes, where the shapes in each pair are close to each other, but far apart from the shapes in the other pair. Combining the information from many quartets computed across a shape collection using several distance measures, we create a hierarchical structure we call categorization tree of the shape collection. This tree satisfies the topological (qualitative) constraints imposed by the quartets creating an effective organization of the shapes. We present categorization trees computed on various collections of shapes and compare them to ground truth data from human categorization. We further introduce the concept of degree of separation chart for every shape in the collection and show the effectiveness of using it for interactive shapes exploration.
Prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with thromboxane A2-receptor blockade. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Coronary Artery Restenosis Prevention on Repeated Thromboxane-Antagonism Study (CARPORT). (1991)

Long-term thromboxane A2-receptor blockade with GR32191B does not prevent restenosis and does not favorably influence the clinical course after angioplasty.
Prediction of Liquid Chromatographic Retention Times of Peptides Generated by Protease Digestion of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Proteome Using Artificial Neural Networks (2006)

We developed a computational method to predict the retention times of peptides in HPLC using artificial neural networks (ANN). We performed stepwise multiple linear regressions and selected for ANN input amino acids that significantly affected the LC retention time. Unlike conventional linear models, the trained ANN accurately predicted the retention time of peptides containing up to 50 amino acid residues. In 834 peptides, there was a strong correlation (R2 = 0.928) between measured and predicted retention times. We demonstrated the utility of our method by the prediction of the retention time of 121,273 peptides resulting from LysC-digestion of the Escherichia coli proteome. Our approach is useful for the proteome-wide characterization of peptides and the identification of unknown peptide peaks obtained in proteome analysis.
High-Resolution Electrostatic Analog Tunable Grating With a Single-Mask Fabrication Process (2006)

We present the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) analog tunable diffraction grating with the concept of transverse actuation. In contrast to the vertically actuated "digital" tunable grating, our prototype design trades angular tunable range for tuning resolution. The prototype shows an angular tunable range of 250 /spl mu/rad with 1-/spl mu/rad resolution at 10 V. Grating pitch changes corresponding to the full range and resolution are 57 nm and 2.28 /spl Aring/, respectively confirmed by experimental measurement and theoretical calculation. Simulation shows that subradian tunable range is feasible with better lithographic design rules or higher actuation voltage. The single-mask fabrication process offers several advantages: 1) Excellent optical flatness; 2) ease of fabrication; and 3) great flexibility of device integration with existing on-chip circuitry. Tunable gratings such as the one presented here can be used for controlling dispersion in optical telecommunications, sensing, etc., applications.
Introns excised from immunoglobulin pre-mRNAs exist as discrete species. (1984)

We have discovered a new class of transcripts of immunoglobulin kappa genes in RNA from B-lineage cells. These transcripts have the properties predicted of free introns excised from kappa mRNA precursors. RNA extracted from populations of normal mouse spleen cells polyclonally activated with B-cell mitogens contains four such transcripts; their electrophoretic mobilities correspond to the distances between the intron-exon boundary of the C kappa region and the four useable J kappa elements, and their relative abundance reflects the relative usage of those J segments. Analysis of RNA from monoclonal kappa-expressing cell lines reveals that one active locus produces one free intron, its size determined by which J element is used in that locus. Apart from their distinctive size, free introns are identified by their lack of polyadenylic acid and their ability to hybridize to cloned probes containing intron sequences, but not to the adjacent V or C exonic sequences. They have a characteristic subcellular distribution, being extractable from nuclei by treatment with nonionic detergent; nuclei thus treated retain most of the primary mRNA precursors, but few of the free introns. A high level of kappa gene expression is not a prerequisite of a cell containing detectable free kappa introns; the lymphoma 38c has only 5% or less of the amount of kappa mRNA that the plasmacytoma MCP-11 contains, yet the ratio of free intron to mRNA precursor is about the same in both cell lines. When analyzed by electrophoretic separation of sufficient resolving power, the free introns due to a single kappa locus resolve into two discrete species. We consider that this most likely reflects the existence of two conformers of the intron, one presumably a covalently intact circle and the other linear molecule.
Elucidating the Redox Behavior during Atomic Layer Deposition on Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials (2021)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as a promising technology for applying ultrathin protective coatings on lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathode surfaces to improve their cycling stability. While there have been numerous reports evaluating the electrochemical performance of these surface-modified cathode materials, the chemical changes induced on the surface of the cathode materials upon ALD coating are not fully studied. This paper describes a systematic investigation to understand the interfacial changes of 12 different cathode materials upon coating with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H2O, and aluminum fluoride (AlF3) using TMA and hydrogen fluoride pyridine (HFPy). The surface composition of these cathode materials, which range from simple transition metal oxides (e.g., NiO and MnO) to complex multielement cathode materials (e.g., LiNixMn1–x–yCoyO2, NMC), was studied via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS measurements reveal that the transition metals in the cathode materials undergo selective oxidation/reduction depending upon the nature of the precursor, the coating, and the cathode material. The ability to chemically modify the surface of cathode materials via vapor-phase precursor adsorption will open new avenues to systematically control the interface of the cathode materials in LIBs that are not possible by conventional coating methods.
Effects of constructive instruction on students' academic achievement at elementary school level (2013)

The major purpose of the study was to find out the effect of traditional and constructivist instructional methods on students ’learning achievement in the subject of social studies. It was an experimental study and for this purpose the researchers developed lesson plans for teaching of social studies. These lesson plans were tested through practical teaching within 8th grade level class by comparing it with teaching of same level group through traditional instruction. The data for the study was collected through administration of teacher made achievement test (TMAT) (pre and post setting of experiment). The major finding inferred from the study was that constructive instruction was more conducive for enhancing learning achievement of students than traditional instruction.
Deep acceptors and their diffusion in Ga2O3 (2019)

β–Ga2O3 is a wide-bandgap material with promising applications in high-power electronics. While n-type doping is straightforward, p-type doping is elusive, with only deep acceptors available. We explore the properties of these acceptors, from the point of view of achieving stable semi-insulating layers, which are essential in many device structures. Using hybrid density functional theory, we obtain the comprehensive first-principles results for a variety of deep-acceptor impurities in Ga2O3. Among the impurities examined, nitrogen on an oxygen site and magnesium on a gallium site have particularly low formation energies, making them prime candidates for acceptor doping. Closer inspection of various configurations shows that Mg can incorporate not only on Ga sites (where it acts as a deep acceptor under n-type conditions) but also on O sites, where it acts as a deep donor. Mg interstitials adopt a split-interstitial configuration, sharing a site with a host Ga atom. Similarly, N substituting on an O site acts as a compensating center, but N can also incorporate on the Ga site. We evaluate the diffusivities of these species in the crystal by calculating migration barriers and considering which native defects assist in diffusion. We find that diffusion of N is dominantly assisted by O vacancies, while Mg diffusion is assisted by gallium interstitials. Diffusion of Mg proceeds with significantly lower activation energies than diffusion of N. Our results can be used to assess activation energies and diffusion mechanisms for other impurities in Ga2O3.
Optimizing Algorithms for Task Graph Mapping on Multiprocessor System on Chip (2011)

The objective of this Thesis is to analyze and improve MPSoC design space exploration, specifically the task mapping using Simulated Annealing (SA) with fully automatic optimization. The work concentrates mostly on application execution time optimization. However, a trade-off between memory buffer and time optimization and a trade-off between power and time optimization is also analyzed. Applications are represented as public Standard Task Graph sets and Kahn Process Networks (KPNs). \nMain focus is on SA as the optimization algorithm for task mapping. A state of the art survey is presented on using SA for task mapping. Thesis analyzes the impact of SA parameters on convergence. A systematic method is presented for automatically selecting parameters. The method scales up with respect to increasing HW and SW complexity. It is called Simulated Annealing with Automatic Temperature (SA+AT). \nOptimal subset mapping (OSM) algorithm is presented as a rapidly converging task mapping algorithm. SA+AT is compared with OSM, Group Migration, Random Mapping and a Genetic Algorithm. SA+AT gives the best results. OSM is the most efficient algorithm. \nThesis presents new data on the convergence of annealing. Answers are given to global optimum convergence properties and the convergence speed in terms of mapping iterations. This covers optimization of the run-time of mapping algorithms so that a trade-off can be made between solution quality and algorithm's execution time. SA+AT saves up to half the optimization time without significantly decreasing solution quality. \nRecommendations are presented for using SA in task mapping. The work is intended to help other works to use SA. DCS task mapper, an open source simulator and optimization program, is presented and published to help development and evaluation of mapping algorithms. The data to reproduce Thesis experiments with the program is also published.
La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 Perovskite: A Stable Anode Catalyst for Direct Methane Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2014)

Direct methane solid oxide fuel cells, operated by supplying methane to a Ni/YSZ anode, suffer from degradation via accumulation of carbon deposits on the Ni surface. Coating a 40 µm thin film of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) perovskite on the Ni/YSZ anode surface decreased the amount of carbon deposits, slowing down the degradation rate. The improvement in anode durability could be related to the oxidation activity of LSCF which facilitates oxidation of CH4 and carbon deposits. Analysis of the crystalline structure of LSCF revealed that LSCF was stable in the reducing anode environment under H2 and CH4 flow at 750 °C and retained its perovskite structure throughout the 475 h long-term stability test.
High-throughput replica optics (1988)

Some simple formulas are derived to calculate the maximum effective area that can be obtained by Kirkpatrick-Baez, Wolter, and conical x-ray telescopes in those cases for which that area is limited by the focal length. Electroforming and epoxy replication techniques are reviewed, and the design and production technology chosen for the high throughput telescopes to be flown on the European X-Ray Spectroscopy Mission are presented.
Detection of bovine foetal DNA from amniotic fluid using the polymerase chain reaction (1996)

The aims of this study were to evaluate the amount of amniotic fluid required for diagnosis of sex, milk protein and microsatellite variants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to review methods for isolating DNA from the amniotic cells. Uterine and foetal tissues were used as controls, and milk protein and microsatellite variants to check contamination of maternal cells in the PCR. The results showed that the samples do not need to be purified after DNA release from the amniotic cells and that as little as 0.5-1.5 ml of amniotic fluid is sufficient for reliable diagnosis by PCR.
Gold Nanotubes Synthesized via Magnetic Alignment of Cobalt Nanoparticles as Templates (2007)

We report an aqueous solution-phase synthesis of continuous gold nanotubes with controllable shape, size, and length, tens of nm in diameter, a few nm in wall thickness, and up to 5 μm in length. Alignment is induced by magnetic field manipulation and synthetic parameters using cobalt nanoparticles as sacrificial templates. Because of the ease with which magnetic fields may be manipulated, precise placement should be not only possible, but also relatively simple as compared to other methods. This approach represents an important alternative for producing one-dimensional metal nanotube structures.
History-based VLSI legalization using network flow (2010)

In VLSI placement, legalization is an essential step where the overlaps between gates/macros must be removed. In this paper, we introduce a history-based legalization algorithm with min-cost network flow optimization. We find a legal solution with the minimum deviation from a given placement to fully honor/preserve the initial placement, by solving a gate-centric network flow formulation in an iterative manner. In order to realize a flow into gate movements, we develop efficient techniques which solve an approximated Subset-sum problem. Over the iterations, we factor into our formulation the history which captures a set of likely-to-fail gate movements. Such a history-based scheme enables our algorithm to intelligently legalize highly complex designs. Experimental results on over 740 real cases show that our approach is significantly superior to the existing algorithms in terms of failure rate (no failure) as well as quality of results (55% less max-deviation).
A nonparametric approach to estimate system burn-in time (1996)

System burn-in can get rid of more residual defects than component and subsystem burn-ins because incompatibility exists not only among components, but also among different subsystems and at the system level. There are two major disadvantages for performing the system burn-in: the high burn-in cost and the complicated failure rate function. This paper proposes a nonparametric approach to estimate the optimal system burn-in time. The Anderson-Darling statistic is used to check the constant failure rate (CFR), and the pool-adjacent-violator (PAV) algorithm is applied to "unimodalize" the failure rate curve. Given experimental data, the system burn-in time can be determined easily without going through complex parameter estimation and curve fittings.
<b>SALT AND pH‐DEPENDENT CHANGES OF THE PURPLE MEMBRANE ABSORPTION SPECTRUM</b> (1984)

Abstract —Purple membrane suspensions change their color to blue and the absorption maximum shifts to 608 nm when the membrane is deionized on a cation exchange column or when it is washed first with < 2N NaCl followed by deionized water. The deionized chromophore is essentially identical with the chromophore produced by lowering the pH of the native membrane to < 4.0 (p K < 3.0). However, the deionized membrane does not aggregate and can be obtained in the pure state. The original purple color of the membrane is restored by addition of around 1 m M Na + , K + or 10 μ M Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Pb 2+ or La 2+ when the protein concentration is 5μ M . The required salt concentrations decrease with decreasing pH. Direct measurement of bound Ca 2+ by atomic absorption spectroscopy yields a ratio of Ca 2+ to protein of <2 and a binding constant of 1.4 × 10 6 . Titration of the spectral change with salts at different pH values shows a linear relation between the pH and the logarithm of the salt concentration, with a 1:1 ratio for Na + and 1:2 ratio for Ca 2+ . These relations are well predicted by Gouy‐Chapman theory; however, the accompanying release of protons, changes of the CD spectrum, the complex kinetics of the spectral change during reconstitution with salt and preliminary X‐ray diffraction results all suggest that conformational changes may be occurring in the protein.