gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CAPMA: a content-addressable pattern match architecture for production systems (2002)

CAPMA is an efficient partially parallel pattern match architecture used to speed up the execution time of match process of a production system. The algorithm fully exploits the advantages of content-addressable memories (CAMs) not only to buffer the working memory elements, but also to support the functions for evaluating interconditions among patterns in the left-hand sides (LHSs) of productions. CAPMA compiles the LHS of each production into an efficient form, and creates an effective accessing mechanism based on a two-level CAM architecture for computing the conflict set. Both upper-level and lower-level CAM arrays give CAPMA two major benefits: (i) embedded parallelism of pattern matching at the speed of nano-seconds, and (ii) uniformity to construct arrays of processing elements for matching. Due to the modifiability nature of CAMs, knowledge in production systems can be easily added, deleted or modified in CAPMA. CAPMA also grainy simplifies the maintenance efforts and control actions needed by the working memory (WM). Preliminary timing simulations indicate that approximately 8000 match cycles per second can be performed with 20 MHz CAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Turing-complete mechanical processor via automated nonlinear system design (2019)

Nanomechanical computers promise a greatly improved energetic efficiency compared to their electrical counterparts. However, progress towards this goal is hindered by a lack of modular components, such as logic gates or transistors, and systematic design strategies. This article describes a universal logic gate implemented as a nonlinear mass-spring-damper model, followed by an automated method to translate computations, expressed as source code of arbitrary complexity, into combinations of this basic building block. The proposed approach is validated numerically in two steps: First, a set of discrete models are generated from code. The models implement computations with increasing complexity, starting by a simple adder and ending in a eight-bit Turing complete mechanical processor. Then the models are forward integrated to demonstrate their computing performance. The processor is validated by executing the Erathostenes' sieve algorithm to mechanically compute prime numbers.
Direct amidation of esters with nitroarenes (2017)

Esters are one of the most common functional groups in natural and synthetic products, and the one-step conversion of the ester group into other functional groups is an attractive strategy in organic synthesis. Direct amidation of esters is particularly appealing due to the omnipresence of the amide moiety in biomolecules, fine chemicals, and drug candidates. However, efficient methods for direct amidation of unactivated esters are still lacking. Here we report nickel-catalysed reductive coupling of unactivated esters with nitroarenes to furnish in one step a wide range of amides bearing functional groups relevant to the development of drugs and agrochemicals. The method has been used to expedite the syntheses of bio-active molecules and natural products, as well as their post-synthetic modifications. Preliminary mechanistic study indicates a reaction pathway distinct from conventional amidation methods using anilines as nitrogen sources. The work provides a novel and efficient method for amide synthesis.
Acceleration of ultrasound thermal therapy by patterned acoustic droplet vaporization (2014)

One application of acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), a method of converting biocompatible microdroplets into microbubbles, is to enhance locally high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. Two objectives are pursued here: (1) the controlled creation of a bubble trench prior to HIFU using ADV and (2) use of the trench for increasing ablation volumes, lowering acoustic powers, and decreasing therapy duration. Thermally responsive phantoms were made with perfluorocarbon emulsion. Compound lesions were formed in a laboratory setting and a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided HIFU system. Linear and spiral patterned compound lesions were generated in trenches. A larger fraction of the HIFU beam is contained to increase the generation of heat. Using the laboratory system, a 90 mm linear length spiral trench was formed in 30 s with mechanical beam steering. Comparatively, the clinical HIFU system formed a 19.9 mm linear length spiral trench in approximately 1 s with electronic beam steering. Lesions were imaged optically and with MRI. A uniform thermal ablation volume of 3.25 mL was achieved in 55.4 s (4-times faster than standard clinical HIFU and 14-times larger volume versus sum of individual lesions). Single lesions showed a 400% volume increase.
Modeling healthy male white matter and myelin development: 3 through 60months of age (2013)

An emerging hypothesis in developmental and behavioral disorders is that they arise from disorganized brain messaging or reduced connectivity. Given the importance of myelin to efficient brain communication, characterization of myelin development in infancy and childhood may provide salient information related to early connectivity deficits. In this work, we investigate regional and whole brain growth trajectories of the myelin water fraction, a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measure sensitive and specific to myelin content, in data acquired from 122 healthy male children from 3 to 60months of age. We examine common growth functions to find the most representative model of myelin maturation and subsequently use the best of these models to develop a continuous population-averaged, four-dimensional model of normative myelination. Through comparisons with an independent sample of 63 male children across the same age span, we show that the developed model is representative of this population. This work contributes to understanding the trajectory of myelination in healthy infants and toddlers, furthering our knowledge of early brain development, and provides a model that may be useful for identifying developmental abnormalities.
Clinical Chemistry Reference Intervals for C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, and C3HeB/FeJ Mice (Mus musculus). (2016)

Although various mouse inbred strains are widely used to investigate disease mechanisms and to establish new therapeutic strategies, sex-specific reference intervals for laboratory diagnostic analytes that are generated from large numbers of animals have been unavailable. In this retrospective study, we screened data from more than 12,000 mice phenotyped in the German Mouse Clinic from January 2006 through June 2014 and selected animals with the genetic background of C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, or C3HeB/FeJ. In addition, we distinguished between the C57BL/6NTac substrain and C57BL/6N mice received from other vendors. The corresponding data sets of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, inorganic phosphate), lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride), and enzyme activities (ALT, AST, ALP, α-amylase) and urea, albumin, and total protein levels were analyzed. Significant effects of age and sex on these analytes were identified, and strain- or substrain- and sex-specific reference intervals for 90- to 135-d-old mice were calculated. In addition, we include an overview of the literature that reports clinical chemistry values for wild-type mice of different strains. Our results support researchers interpreting clinical chemistry values from various mouse mutants and corresponding wild-type controls based on the examined strains and substrains.
High focal depth with fractional-power wave fronts (2004)

We explore the use of phase profiles with fractional power for tailoring modulation transfer functions with high focal depth at high pupil apertures. We present numerical simulations of the images that can be obtained with certain fractional-power profiles.
Transfer Function Model of a Brushless Exciter (1997)

Brushless exciters are widely used in power stations to furnish the excitation current for the main alternators. These exciters are maintenance free and possess high gain and forcing margin. Transfer function models available for such exciters are somewhat complicated and deal with few variables. The objective of this paper is to develop a detailed transfer function model relating all the important exciter variables and covering the operation in a wide range of frequency. Starting with a state space mathematical model based upon a direct-phase circuit model for the exciter, various frequency responses are obtained. These are used to derive the transfer function model.
At‐column heating and a resistively heated, liquid‐cooled thermal modulator for a low‐resource bench‐top GC×GC (2006)

A transportable GC x GC instrument is under development for on-site applications that would benefit from the enhanced resolution and powers of detection, which can be achieved by this method. In the present study, a low-resource GC x GC instrument using an electrically heated and liquid-cooled single-stage thermal modulator that requires no cryogenic materials is evaluated. The instrument also uses at-column heating, thus eliminating the need for a convection oven to house the two columns. The stainless-steel modulator tube is coated with PDMS, which can be heated to 350 degrees C for sample injection into the second-dimension column. The modulator is cooled to -30 degrees C by a 100 mL/min flow of PEG by means of a commercial liquid chiller and a small recirculating pump. Resistive heating of the modulator tube is provided by a programmable power supply, which uses a voltage program that results in increasing modulator temperature during an analysis. This, together with more rapid cooling by the use of a liquid cooling medium, results in reduced solute breakthrough following each heating cycle as the modulator cools to a temperature where quantitative trapping resumes. As a result, modulated peak widths at half-height of less than 40 ms are observed. Design and performance details are presented along with chromatograms of gasoline and an essential oil sample.
Equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D: mapping of the transcript and a neutralization epitope (1992)

Studies with molecular and immunological techniques identified and mapped the transcript encoding glycoprotein D (gD) of equine herpesvirus 1 KyA, as well as two continuous gD antigenic determinants. Three mRNA species of 5.5, 3.8, and 1.7 kb overlap the gD open reading frame and are transcribed from the DNA strand encoding gD. Northern (RNA) blot hybridization with both DNA clones and riboprobes, as well as S1 nuclease analyses, showed the 3.8-kb mRNA to encode gD and to be synthesized as a late (beta-gamma) transcript. The 3.8-kb gD mRNA initiates within the US segment 91 and 34 nucleotides downstream of the CCAAT and TATA elements, respectively, and encodes a potential polypeptide of 392 amino acids. The termination site of this transcript maps within the terminal repeat at a site also used by the 5.5-kb mRNA and the IR6-encoded 1.2-kb mRNA, such that these three transcripts form a 3'-coterminal nested set. The extended size (2,250 nucleotides) of the 3' untranslated region of the gD transcript and its termination within the terminal repeat may result from the deletion of 3,859 bp, which eliminates two consensus polyadenylation signals downstream of the gD open reading frame of EHV-1 KyA. Use of antisera to synthetic peptides of 19 amino acids (residues 4 to 22) and 20 amino acids (residues 267 to 285) in Western immunoblot analyses revealed that gD is present in EHV-1 virions as a 55-kDa polypeptide. In addition, these antisera detected the 55-kDa protein as well as 58- and 47-kDa polypeptides in infected-cell extracts at late times of infection. Residues 4 to 22 make up a continuous neutralizing epitope of gD, since incubation of equine herpesvirus 1 with the anti-19-mer serum prior to infection results in reduced numbers of plaques and reduced levels of virus-encoded thymidine kinase. Complement is not required for neutralization mediated by the anti-19-mer serum.
A study of leaf classification based on multi machine learning models (2020)

Leaf classification identification is important for identifying new or scarce tree species. In this paper, a traditional machine learning approach is utilized to classify tree leaves exploring the data set of leaf characteristics provided by Kaggle. First, the data is analyzed and pre-processed. Second, different classifiers are chosen to classify the data set and compare the classification results. Finally, the classification results are validated using the test set data, i.e., leaf species prediction is performed for each image. The experimental comparison revealed that the selected Linear Discriminant Analysis model achieved good results on this data set. It provides a reference for leaf species identification and classification or other related studies.
Reducing leakage flux in IPT systems by modifying pad ferrite structures (2014)

Recent multicoil polarised pads called Double D pads (DDP) and Bipolar Pads (BPP) show excellent promise when used in lumped charging due to having single sided fields and high native Q factors. However, improvements to field leakage are desired to enable higher power transfer while keeping the leakage flux within ICNIRP levels. This paper proposes a method to reduce the leakage flux which a lumped inductive power transfer (IPT) system exhibits by modifying the ferrite structure of its pads. The DDP and BPP pads ferrite structures are both modified by extending them past the ends of the coils in each pad with the intention of attracting only magnetic flux generated by the primary pad not coupled onto the secondary pad. Simulated improved ferrite structures are validated through practical measurements.
Screening, identification of best producers and optimization of extracellular proteases from moderately halophilic alkalithermotolerant indigenous actinomycetes. (2009)

Of 14 actinomycete isolates in our collection from various biotopes in Manipur that were screened on skim milk agar, 5 strains produced high amounts of extracellular proteases as indicated by large halos. One isolate HA-4, obtained from limestone quarry sample, was selected for further studies. The selected isolate was subjected to polyphasic characterization and identified as Nocardiopsis prasina HA-4. The organism grew well at temperatures of 20-42°C, pH 7-10 and in presence of 2-10% NaCl (with more growth at 10% salt). Cultural and environmental conditions for protease production by HA-4 were studied. Sucrose (5%,w/v) and peptone (0.2%, w/v) were found to be the best C and N sources for protease production respectively. The optimum temperature for the enzyme from HA-4 was 55°C and it had two pH optima at 7.0 and 10.0. Ca and Mg partially inhibited
Variations in Correlates of Race-Specific Urban Homicide Rates (1992)

Recent research has begun to address patterns and causes of homicide among African Americans, the population most at risk as victims and offenders. Seeking to add to this literature, a race-specific analysis of homicide rates and macrostructural variables among U.S. central cities is performed. A variety of factors from past homicide studies serve to predict white rates of homicide, allowing for the development of a broad profile of white communities with low rates of homicides. In contrast, only two factors (population size and residential segregation) are statistically-significant predictors of homicide rates among African Americans, resulting in an essentially non-descriptive community profile. The results suggest that the two groups may be subject to different social forces, and the ensuing discussion poses the possibility that understanding differences in homicide rates among African-American communities may require an incorporation of factors not normally considered in homicide research.
The Implementation of Remote Machine Health Monitoring System using Internet (2013)

본 논문은 인터넷을 이용한 원격 기계상태 모니터링 시스템을 구현하고 실험하였다. 인터넷을 이용한 원격 기계상태 모니터링 시스템은 일반 회사에서 많은 비용과 인력이 소모되는 것을 효율적으로 관리할 수 있어 비용과 시간이 절약되는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기계상태 모니터링을 위한 프로토콜과 응용 프로그램 및 기계상태 측정 단말기를 개발하여 실험하고 그 결과에 대해 논의한다. 본 연구는 향 후 인터넷 원격 기계상태 모니터링 시스템에 대한 발전에 기여 할 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템이 실험을 통해 좋은 성능을 보여 주었고 또한 상용화의 가능성을 제시해 주었다. This research is about the Implementation of Remote Machine Health Monitoring System using Internet. This research will help users in the un-installed office to save a lot of cost and time from checking and managing machines' condition installed in the factory. We have made an experiment and developed the application program and the monitoring terminal which can monitor the machine's condition. This research will contribute to the development of internet and remote instrumentation engineering in the future. Finally the performance of the proposed system was evaluated through experiments, it showed the good performance and the possibility of commercialization.
Frequency reconfigurable patch antenna using liquid metal as switching mechanism (2013)

The use of liquid metal as a switching mechanism for a frequency‐reconfigurable edge‐fed microstrip patch antenna designed to operate in either the 2.4 GHz ISM band or the 1.6 GHz GPS band is illustrated. A partitioned fluidic manifold bonded to the top of the antenna enables the pressure‐driven displacement of a low‐loss dielectric fluid and the liquid metal from a reservoir atop the patch to switch between the two antenna states. Fabrication and measurement of the antenna illustrates the use of fluidics as an alternative to RF switches for reconfigurable antennas.
Linear field applicators (1998)

Nous nous interessons aux applicateurs de champs micro-ondes de configuration lineaire et permettant d'entretenir des colonnes de plasmas qui soient beaucoup plus longues que la longueur d'onde dans le vide du rayonnement micro-ondes utilise. De telles decharges peuvent etre classees en deux categories. Nous allons considerer seulement celles ou les applicateurs de champ sont de type lignes de transmission: le plasma fait partie integrante de la structure de propagation et il influence fortement les caracteristiques de l'onde s'y propageant. L'article est consacre aux conditions necessaires a l'obtention d'une colonne de plasma qui soit uniforme le long de l'axe de l'applicateur lineaire. Pour y arriver, nous examinons de telles decharges entretenues a l'interieur de structures de guidage d'ondes qui ne sont pas uniformes axialement ainsi que des decharges produites par des ondes en regime stationnaire. Dans chacun de ces deux cas, nous abordons de facon succinte le probleme de la modelisation des decharges, de leurs conditions d'existence et celui de leur structure axiale.
Identification of Nuclear Factors that Enhance Binding of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor to a Thyroid Hormone Response Element (1989)

Using a gel shift assay, we analyzed the binding of in vitro translated alpha- and beta-thyroid hormone (T3) receptors to a T3-response element (TRE) derived from the rat GH gene. No receptor-TRE complexes were observed when translated receptor alone was incubated with the TRE. However, addition of a nuclear extract from liver to the translational products resulted in the formation of two receptor-DNA complexes for both the alpha- and beta-receptors. These complexes were shown to contain translated receptor by comigration of 32P-labeled TRE and 35S-labeled receptor in the gel shift assay. A competition experiment demonstrated that formation of the complexes was sequence specific. Preincubation of the liver nuclear extract at 60 C abolished formation of both complexes indicating that receptor-TRE binding required a heat-labile nuclear factor. Phosphocellulose chromatography of the nuclear extract resulted in separation of the activities required for formation of the two complexes. Analysis of nuclear extracts from different tissues revealed that one complex formed in the presence of all extracts, whereas the second complex appeared predominantly with a nuclear extract from liver. Addition of T3 to the binding reaction had no effect on receptor-TRE complex formation. We suggest that nuclear factors interact with the T3 receptor to enhance hormone-independent binding to a TRE.
Copper electromigration failure times evaluated over a wide range of voiding phases (2012)

Electromigration failure times of 100 nm wide dual damascene Cu interconnects have been evaluated over a very wide range of different stages of void formation and growth. Voids that did not span the whole line width and height have been monitored using the so-called local sense structures, while standard single via structures were used to study fully grown voids. The activation energy E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</inf> did not change over the whole experimental range of failure times indicating that the main diffusion path during void formation and growth does not change in our semi-bamboo lines. The earlier reported increase in distributional spread σ after full void formation is less pronounced during void formation which is due to different kinetics before and after full void formation. The use of defining failure criteria before full void formation has been explored as a tool to reduce electromigration test times. Due to the constant E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</inf> , test times can be reduced by over a factor of two.
Cell-Based Reporter Gene Assay for Therapy-Induced Neutralizing Antibodies to Interferon-Beta in Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Patients with therapy-induced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to interferon-beta (IFN-β) have reduced responses to IFN-β treatment, resulting in higher relapse rates, increased magnetic resonance imaging activity, and a higher risk of disease progression. A functional assay was employed for both screening and titering of IFN-β NAbs utilizing a human cell line transfected with a luciferase reporter gene responsive to IFN-β. This assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity compared with the traditional cytopathic effect (CPE) assay and normal donor specimens. Additionally, 183 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergoing therapy with IFN-β were tested in the reporter gene assay. Percent positivity for NAbs to the IFN-β was as follows: Avonex (1α) 26.5%, Rebif (1α) 34.1%, and Betaseron (1β) 31.8%. The IFN-β reporter gene assay showed excellent correlation with the well-established CPE assay offering clear advantages. The 50% false-positivity rate typically seen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays could be eliminated by using a functional assay for both screening and titering. Results can be reported within 20 h, and the cell line is cryopreserved, eliminating the need to maintain live viral and cell cultures. The use of this functional assay should be a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring the presence of NAbs in IFN-β-treated patients with MS.
Inducible Carboxypeptidase Activity (1996)

These data indicate that carboxypeptidase activity is induced in vivo and may influence thrombolysis.
Re-examining automatic keyphrase extraction approaches in scientific articles (2009)

We tackle two major issues in automatic keyphrase extraction using scientific articles: candidate selection and feature engineering. To develop an efficient candidate selection method, we analyze the nature and variation of keyphrases and then select candidates using regular expressions. Secondly, we re-examine the existing features broadly used for the supervised approach, exploring different ways to enhance their performance. While most other approaches are supervised, we also study the optimal features for unsupervised keyphrase extraction. Our research has shown that effective candidate selection leads to better performance as evaluation accounts for candidate coverage. Our work also attests that many of existing features are also usable in unsupervised extraction.