gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction : Les évaluations de leur qualité de vie par les enfants (2017)

EnglishThe article presents a brief history of the concept of quality of life and associated concepts such as life satisfaction or well-being. These concepts have emerged recently in the field of health and different areas of social and economic life. The article introduces the question of the methodological choices concerning indicators of the quality of life of children allowing its evaluation and international comparisons. It also raises the question of the theoretical model of reference to identify during the development the individual and social processes of the relations between quality of life, individual competences and social environment. Emphasizing the value of subjective assessments of quality of life, he also calls for recognizing children as important social actors in social dynamics and improving public policy. francaisCet article presente un bref historique de la notion de qualite de vie et de concepts souvent associes, tels que la satisfaction de vie ou le bien-etre, qui ont emerge dans le champ de la sante et differents domaines de la vie sociale et economique. L’article introduit la question des choix methodologiques concernant les indicateurs de la qualite de vie des enfants permettant son evaluation et des comparaisons internationales. Il pose egalement la question du modele theorique de reference pour identifier au cours du developpement les processus, individuels et sociaux, des relations entre qualite de vie, competences individuelles et environnement social. En soulignant l’interet des evaluations subjectives de la qualite de vie, il invite aussi a reconnaitre les enfants comme des acteurs sociaux importants dans les dynamiques sociales et l’amelioration des politiques publiques.
Current Methods for the Characterization of <i>O</i>-Glycans (2020)

Glycosylation is crucial in cellular metabolism and survival. Of interest is the role of <i>N</i>-linked and <i>O</i>-linked glycans in disease states. Robust analytical methods must be defined to identify suitable glycan biomarkers and glyco-therapeutics. Fortunately, in <i>N</i>-glycan analysis, a universal enzyme exists to deglycosylate a variety of common-core structures from proteins for analysis using mass spectrometric and fluorescence techniques. Unfortunately, for their <i>O</i>-linked counterparts, no such enzyme exists. Furthermore, <i>O</i>-glycan heterogeneity is vast due to the lack of a common glycan core, making analysis challenging. As such, chemical methods are used to liberate <i>O</i>-glycans, however, often to the detriment of the glycan's structure due to "peeling" reactions. This review outlines approaches for <i>O</i>-glycan release and downstream glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis.
The influence of near‐work on development of myopia among university students. A three‐year longitudinal study among engineering students in Norway (2000)

The results indicate that intensive near-work could initiate myopia or lead to its progression in young adults. The time spent on near-work seems to play a significant role in that process.
Neutrophils Play an Important Role in Host Resistance to Respiratory Infection with <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Mice (2007)

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major cause of both community-associated and nosocomial pneumonia, but little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of host defense against respiratory infection with this bacterial pathogen. In this study, we examined the role of neutrophils in host resistance to pulmonary A. baumannii infection in a mouse model of intranasal (i.n.) infection. We found that neutrophils were rapidly recruited to the lungs following i.n. inoculation of the pathogen and declined to baseline level upon clearance of the infection. Depletion of neutrophils using monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5 prior to infection resulted in an acute lethal infection that was associated with enhanced bacterial burdens in the lung (P < 0.05) and extrapulmonary dissemination to the spleen. The increased susceptibility to A. baumannii in neutropenic mice was associated with a delay in the mRNA expression and production of early proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) in the lungs and development of severe bronchopneumonia and lymphoid tissue destruction in the spleen. Moreover, i.n. administration of the neutrophil-inducing chemokine MIP-2 to normal mice induced a pulmonary influx of neutrophils and significantly enhanced the clearance of A. baumannii from the lungs (P < 0.01). These results imply that neutrophils play a critical role in host resistance to respiratory A. baumannii infection.
Overview of PUF-based hardware security solutions for the internet of things (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of numerous inter-connected resource-constrained devices such as sensors nodes and actuators, which are linked to the Internet. By 2020 it is anticipated that the IoT paradigm will include approximately 20 billion connected devices. The interconnection of such devices provides the ability to collect a huge amount of data for processing and analysis. A significant portion of the transacted data between IoT devices is private information, which must not in any way be eavesdropped on or tampered with. Security in IoT devices is therefore of paramount importance for further development of the technology. Such devices typically have limited area and energy resources, which makes the use of classic cryptography prohibitively expensive. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are a class of novel hardware security primitives that promise a paradigm shift in many security applications; their relatively simple architecture can answer many of the security challenges of energy-constrained IoT devices. In this paper, we discuss the design challenges of secure IoT systems; then we explain the principles of PUFs; finally we discuss the outstanding reliability and security problems of PUF technology and outline the open research questions in this field.
Total Cavopulmonary Connection Flow With Functional Left Pulmonary Artery Stenosis (2005)

DS <60% and diffuse long-segment hypoplasia <40% could be considered tolerable because both resulted in only a 12% decrease in left lung perfusion. In contrast to angioplasty, a fenestration (right-to-left shunt) reduced TCPC pressure at the cost of decreased left and right lung perfusion. These results suggest that pre-Fontan computational fluid dynamic simulation may be valuable for determining both the hemodynamic significance of LPA stenosis and the potential benefits of intervention.
Mesoporous Structure and Protein Adsorption Property of c-Axis Oriented Apatite Aggregates (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Pilot Symbol Aided MAP-Based 3D Channel Estimation for Multi-User MIMO-OFDM Systems (2006)

This paper describes a novel pilot symbol aided up-link channel estimation scheme for a multi-user MIMO-OFDM system. A novel pilot-symbol pattern is proposed in order to overcome the interference from the multiple antennas of each user. Based on these periodically inserted pilot symbols, the channel state information (CSI) for each entire OFDM data sequence is reconstructed by using the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) estimation algorithm. The MAP estimation algorithm exploits channel correlations in time, frequency and space domains, which are obtained from a frequency-selective and time-variant Rayleigh fading channel model with multiple clusters and a defined complex direction of arrival (DOA). Simulation results demonstrate that it achieves almost the same performance as the ideal case by using the MAP-based estimation scheme with the well designed pilot-symbol pattern. Moreover, this model-based estimation scheme is also robust to errors in the estimation of its parameters. It will become one of the strong candidates for use in next generation mobile communication systems.
Analyzing job completion reliability and job energy consumption for a general MapReduce infrastructure (2013)

Recently, MapReduce has been a popular distributed programming framework, which divides a job into map tasks and reduce tasks and executes these tasks in parallel over a large-scale MapReduce cluster to speed up job execution. Generally, the cluster is a master-slave infrastructure. To prevent jobs from being interrupted due to node failure, current MapReduce implementations, such as Hadoop, adopt a task-reexecution policy on the slave side, i.e., when a slave node due to failure cannot complete a task, this task will be reassigned to another available slave for reexecution. However, on the master side by default, no redundancy scheme is provided. Since this type of infrastructure has been worldwide adopted, we call it the general MapReduce infrastructure (GMI). To achieve a more reliable and energy-efficient working environment, understanding the impact of GMI on its job completion reliability (JCR) and job energy consumption (JEC) is required. In this paper, we base on a Poisson distribution to analyze GMI's JCR from a single-job perspective. After that, we accordingly derive the corresponding JEC. Through the analytical results, MapReduce managers can comprehend how GMI behaves and how their MapReduce can be improved so as to achieve a more reliable and energy-efficient MapReduce environment.
Very low cost graded SiGe base bipolar transistors for a high performance modular BiCMOS process (2003)

We report a new super self-aligned graded SiGe base transistor that uses high energy implantation, rather than epitaxial growth, to form the sub-collector region. This new inexpensive process yields a device with f/sub T/ of 52 GHz and f/sub max/ of 70 GHz with the addition of only 4 lithography levels over our 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology without any changes to the existing process steps. Also, we demonstrate 4:1 multiplexer and 1:4 demultiplexer circuits using this technology that show excellent performance at 10 Gbit/s.
Siglec-G Deficiency Leads to Autoimmunity in Aging C57BL/6 Mice (2015)

Siglec-G, a member of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family, is expressed on B cell and dendritic cell surfaces. It acts as an inhibitory coreceptor and modulates B cell activation, especially on B1 cells, as Siglec-G-deficient mice show mainly a B1 cell-restricted phenotype resulting in increased B1 cell numbers. Although higher B1 cell numbers are discussed to be associated with autoimmunity, loss of Siglec-G does not result in autoimmune disease in BALB/c mice. However, there is evidence from Siglec-G × CD22 double-deficient mice and Siglec-G(-/-) mice on an autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr background that Siglec-G is important to maintain tolerance in B cells. In this study, we analyzed the role of Siglec-G in induction and maintenance of B cell tolerance on C57BL/6 background and in the FcγRIIb-deficient background. We find that aging Siglec-G-deficient and Siglec-G × FcγRIIb double-deficient mice develop an autoimmune phenotype with elevated autoantibody levels and mild glomerulonephritis. Aging Siglec-G-deficient mice have elevated numbers of plasma cells and germinal center B cells, as well as a higher number of activated CD4 T cells, which likely all contribute to autoantibody production. Additional loss of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb in Siglec-G(-/-) mice does not result in exacerbation of disease. These results indicate that Siglec-G is important to maintain tolerance in B cells and prevent autoimmunity.
The method of developing Virtual Instrument Platform (2002)

Using the concept of the autonomous decentralized systems (ADS) technique the paper describes the methods and technique for developing a virtual instrument platform. In the platform, the measurement system consists of the module instances and a link table that defines the exchange of data packages. The data exchange among the modules uses the data field concept. The modules outputting data only send the data package to the data field. The Virtual Instrument Platform distributes the data packages to the modules. With the methods, development of the Virtual Instrument Platform and modules can be separated. The platform provides a flexible and simple integrated platform, in which the user can easily use modules defining and constructing an automatic instrument system. Furthermore, the Virtual Instrument Platform (VIP) provides a module template that includes controlling functions and defining input or output channel functions. The user only simply adds the C language code in the template for developing special modules or controlling modules for controlling the measurement course.
Comparison of the Biodistribution and Tumor Targeting of Two <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Labeled Anti-EGFR Nanobodies in Mice, Using Pinhole SPECT/Micro-CT (2008)

The Nanobody fragments used here show high tumor uptake, low liver uptake, and rapid blood clearance. Nanobodies are promising probes for noninvasive radioimmunodetection of specific targets early after administration. On the basis of its favorable biodistribution, (99m)Tc-7C12 was selected for further studies.
Melamine-formaldehyde aerogels (2023)

Organic aerogels that are transparent and essentially colorless are prepa from the aqueous, sol-gel polymerization of melamine with formaldehyde. The melamine-formaldehyde (MF) aerogels have low densities, high surface areas, continuous porsity, ultrafine cell/pore sizes, and optical clarity.
Nanocrystal Inks without Ligands: Stable Colloids of Bare Germanium Nanocrystals (2011)

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals typically have ligands attached to their surfaces that afford solubility in common solvents but hinder charge transport in nanocrystal films. Here, an alternative route is explored in which bare germanium nanocrystals are solubilized by select solvents to form stable colloids without the use of ligands. A survey of candidate solvents shows that germanium nanocrystals are completely solubilized by benzonitrile, likely because of electrostatic stabilization. Films cast from these dispersions are uniform, dense, and smooth, making them suitable for device applications without postdeposition treatment.
GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models (2021)

Diffusion models have recently been shown to generate high-quality synthetic images, especially when paired with a guidance technique to trade off diversity for fidelity. We explore diffusion models for the problem of text-conditional image synthesis and compare two different guidance strategies: CLIP guidance and classifier-free guidance. We find that the latter is preferred by human evaluators for both photorealism and caption similarity, and often produces photorealistic samples. Samples from a 3.5 billion parameter text-conditional diffusion model using classifier-free guidance are favored by human evaluators to those from DALL-E, even when the latter uses expensive CLIP reranking. Additionally, we find that our models can be fine-tuned to perform image inpainting, enabling powerful text-driven image editing. We train a smaller model on a filtered dataset and release the code and weights at https://github.com/openai/glide-text2im.
Role of electrical interactions in synchronization of epileptiform bursts. (1986)

Four general mechanisms can hypothetically contribute to or mediate localized synchronization of neuronal activity: (a) recurrent excitatory chemical synapses, (b) electrotonic coupling via gap junctions, (c) electrical field effects (ephaptic interactions), and (d) changes in the concentration of extracellular ions (e.g., K+). It has generally been believed that synchronization of epileptiform bursts derives primarily, if not exclusively, from recurrent excitatory chemical synapses. Dual intracellular recordings from the CA3 area of the hippocampus have been used to demonstrate the existence of recurrent synaptic excitation, and computer simulations have provided a theoretical framework for the idea that relatively sparse interactions through recurrent excitatory chemical synapses can generate synchronized bursting after inhibitory pathways are blocked with convulsant agents. Additional experimental studies have supported the hypothesis that a model for seizure discharge, the penicillin-induced paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS), is associated with a large increase in excitatory synaptic conductance. However, recent studies have suggested that electrical interactions are also likely to play an important role in spike synchronization during epileptic discharges. Several research groups have used in vitro preparations to show that afterdischarges and spontaneous bursts of population spikes (which represent synchronized action potentials) can occur after chemical synaptic transmission has been blocked in solutions containing low [Ca2+]. Although this result was first observed in the CA1 area, it has recently been confirmed in other regions of the hippocampus. These experiments indicate that mechanisms other than chemical synaptic transmission are capable of synchronizing action potentials in the hippocampus. In this chapter, two forms of electrical interaction that could mediate synchronization will be considered: (a) electrotonic coupling through gap junctions and (b) electrical field effects through extracellular space. Changes in the concentration of extracellular ions are another mechanism not involving chemical synapses. However, it seems unlikely that ionic changes act on the rapid time scale of electrical interactions, and their contribution is discussed elsewhere in this volume. We review evidence for the existence of electrotonic coupling and electrical field effects in the hippocampus and neocortex, and discuss their possible involvement in the synchronization of epileptiform events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Om 'n mens te wees ... van vergewensgesindheid : fokusartikel (2012)

Augustinus het eendag gese: As jy ly onder die onreg wat 'n slegte mens jou aangedoen het, vergewe hom, anders is daar nog 'n slegte mens in die wereld. Is hierdie stelling tog nie so waar nie? Veral in die tye waarin ons lewe, waar so baie mense met die onreg van ander mense te doen kry. Weens die sondige natuur van die mens gaan daar solank as wat die wereld bestaan, altyd onreg wees. Onreg is dus deel van die mens se lewe. Dit is deel van elke mens se lewe, want elke keer wat ons die tweede tafel van die Tien Gebooie (die laaste 6 gebooie) oortree, is ons besig om ons medemens onreg aan te doen.
Use pf thorium in the generation IV Molten Salt reactors and perspectives for Brazil (2014)

Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected a substantial increase in uranium prices over the next fifty years. The reactors currently in operation consume 65,500 tons of uranium per year. Each electrical gigawatt (GWe) additional need about 200 tU mined per year. So advanced fuel cycles, which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particularly the use of thorium to produce the fissile isotope 23 3U. It is important to mention some thorium advantages. Thorium is three to five times more abundant than uranium in the earth's crust. Thorium has only one oxidation state. Additionally, thoria produces less radiotoxicity than the U02 because it produces fewer amounts of actinides, reducing the radiotoxicity of long life nuclear waste. Th02 has higher corrosion resistance than U02, besides being chemically stable due to their low water solubility. The burning of Pu in a reactor based in thorium also decreases the inventories of Pu from the current fuel cycles, resulting in lower risks of material diversion for use in nuclear weapons. There are some ongoing projects in the world, taking into consideration the proposed goals for Generation IV reactors, namely: sustainability, economics, safety and reliability, proliferation resistance and physical protection. Some developments on the use of thorium in reactors are underway, with the support of the IAEA and some governs. Can be highlighted some reactor concepts using thorium as fuel: CANDU; ADTR Accelerator Driven Thorium Reactor; AHWR Advanced Heavy Water Reactor proposed by India (light water cooled and moderated by heavy water) and the MSR Molten Salt Reactor. The latter is based on a reactor concept that has already been successfully tested in the U.S. in the 50s, for use in aircrafts. In this paper, we discuss the future importance of thorium, particularly for Brazil, which has large mineral reserves of this strategic element, the characteristics of the molten salt reactor and the experience of the IPEN in the purification of thorium compounds.
An asymmetric supercapacitor based on controllable WO<sub>3</sub> nanorod bundle and alfalfa-derived porous carbon (2021)

A novel asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is assembled on the basis of an inerratic hexagonal-like WO<sub>3</sub> nanorod bundle as a negative electrode and graphene-like alfalfa-derived porous activated carbon (APAC) as the positive electrode in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> aqueous electrolyte. The WO<sub>3</sub> nanostructures prepared at pH of 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 display hexagonal disc-like, nanorod bundle, inerratic hexagonal-like, sphere-like, and needle-shaped nanorod morphology. WO<sub>3</sub>-2.0, which was prepared at a pH of 2.0, exhibits high specific capacitance (415.3 F g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>). APAC-2, which had the mass ratios of dried alfalfa and ZnCl<sub>2</sub> as 1 : 2, showed a 3D porous structure, large surface area (1576.3 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>), high specific capacitance (262.1 F g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>), good cycling stability with 96% of initial specific capacitance after 5000 consecutive cycles. The ASC assembled with WO<sub>3</sub>-2.0 and APAC-2 exhibits high energy density (27.3 W h kg<sup>-1</sup> at a power density of 403.1 W kg<sup>-1</sup>), as well as good electrochemical stability (82.6% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). Such outstanding electrochemical behavior implies that the electrode materials are promising for practical energy-storage systems.