gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tomographic imaging of oxygen by phosphorescence lifetime (2006)

Imaging of oxygen in tissue in three dimensions can be accomplished by using the phosphorescence quenching method in combination with diffuse optical tomography. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of tomographic imaging of oxygen by phosphorescence lifetime. Hypoxic phantoms were immersed in a cylinder with scattering solution equilibrated with air. The phantoms and the medium inside the cylinder contained near-infrared phosphorescent probe(s). Phosphorescence at multiple boundary sites was registered in the time domain at different delays (t(d)) following the excitation pulse. The duration of the excitation pulse (t(p)) was regulated to optimize the contrast in the images. The reconstructed integral intensity images, corresponding to delays t(d), were fitted exponentially to give the phosphorescence lifetime image, which was converted into the three-dimensional image of oxygen concentrations in the volume. The time-independent diffusion equation and the finite element method were used to model the light transport in the medium. The inverse problem was solved by the recursive maximum entropy method. We provide what we believe to be the first example of oxygen imaging in three dimensions using long-lived phosphorescent probes and establish the potential of these probes for diffuse optical tomography.
Measurement of inter-core crosstalk in few-mode multicore fibre (2015)

The inter-core crosstalk of a fabricated few-mode multicore fibre is theoretically and experimentally investigated. By changing the direction of the LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode, the crosstalk between the LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode and the LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode decreased by more than 10 dB.
The two-component hybrid kinase regulator CaNIKl of Candida albicans (1998)

Using degenerate primers of highly conserved regions of two-component response regulators for PCR amplification, a two-component response regulator was cloned from Candida albicans that is homologous to nik-1+ of Neurospora crassa. This two-component hybrid kinase, CaNIK1, also shows features of bacterial two-component response regulators, including a putative unorthodox second histidine kinase motif at the carboxy-terminal end. CaNIK1 was expressed at low levels in both the white and opaque switch phenotypes and in the bud and hyphal growth forms of C. albicans strain WO-1, but in both developmental programmes, the level of transcript was modulated (levels were higher in opaque cells and in hyphae). Partial deletion of both CaNIK1 alleles, by which the histidine autokinase- and ATP-binding domains were removed, did not inhibit either high-frequency phenotypic switching or the bud-hypha transition in high salt concentrations, but in both cases the efficiency of the developmental process was reduced.
Abstract 3891: NOSH-aspirin, a novel nitric oxide- and hydrogen sulfide-releasing hybrid, is a potent inhibitor of colon cancer cell growth (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recognized as the prototypical chemopreventive agents. However, their wide use is precluded due to significant toxicity. The search for better NSAIDs has led to generation of nitric oxide-releasing NSAIDs (NO-NSAIDs) and more recently, to a new class of hydrogen sulfide-releasing agents (HS-NSAIDs). Both of these have shown to be more potent and less toxic than their parent NSAID. However, the draw back to these compounds is their IC50 for cell growth inhibition. It is too high to make them attractive for development as pharmaceuticals. Therefore, we postulated that a new hybrid that incorporated the active parts of each compound may be more potent and effective than either one. Our hypothesis has proved to be correct. Here we describe the effects of a nitric oxide- and hydrogen sulfide-releasing aspirin (NOSH-aspirin) on the growth properties of several human colon cancer cell lines, on induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and on NF-κB whose induction is strongly implicated in some cancers. Methods: NOSH-aspirin was synthesized and purified at our lab with 1H-NMR verification. Colon cancer cell lines: HT-29, HCT 15, and SW480; Cell growth: MTT; Cell cycle phase distribution: Flow cytometry; Apoptosis: subdiploid (sub-G0/G1) peak in DNA content histograms; Proliferation: PCNA; NF-kB: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Reactive oxygen species (ROS): 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCFDA, probe for peroxides) or dihydroethidium (DHE, probe for superoxide anion) measured fluorescence by flow cytometry. Results: NOSH-aspirin inhibited the growth of HT-29, HCT 15, and SW480 cells with IC50 values of 48 ± 3, 50 ± 5, and 60 ± 4 nM at 24 hr, respectively. The corresponding IC50 for aspirin in all 3 cell lines was &gt;5000 µM. This represents and enhanced potency of &gt;80,000-fold in the 3 cell lines at 24 h. NOSH-aspirin treatment of HT-29 cells at 0.5xIC50, 1xIC50, and 2xIC50 for 24 hrs induced apoptosis (20 ± 1%, 52 ± 3%, 75 ± 3%), inhibited proliferation (PCNA, 70 ± 3%, 45 ± 4%, 22 ± 3%), and caused a G0/G1 cell cycle block. Activation of NF-κB was inhibited as demonstrated by ELISA, at 0.5xIC50, 1xIC50, and 2xIC50 the reduction was 11 ± 1%, 33 ± 2%, and 46 ± 3% respectively. NOSH-aspirin caused induction of oxidative stress as evidenced by increases in both H2DCFDA and DHE-derived fluorescence representing increases in intracellular levels of H2O2 and superoxide anion respectively Conclusions: NOSH-aspirin by inducing ROS is a potent inhibitor of colon cancer cell growth and it inhibits NF-κB activation. These data suggest that NOSH-aspirin may be useful as a chemopreventive agent against colon cancer and merits further evaluation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3891. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3891
Parallelization offissionand fusion&#x002B; operations for high throughput generation of combinatorial droplets (2014)

We present a highly parallelized, programmable droplet-based device for high throughput generation of combinatorial droplets. The device features a multichannel, parallel architecture. Throughput is increased by two orders of magnitude compared to conventional devices [1]. With 32 Hz droplet generation, the projected throughput of this parallelized design is nearly 3 million sample-probe droplets per day on a single device (with 4 replicates of 750 thousand different mixtures). This translates to 240 unique sample-probe mixtures with 4 replicates per minute. This device has the potential to meet the need for low-cost, high throughput screening applications.
Analysis of cultured keratinocytes from a transgenic mouse model of psoriasis: effects of suprabasal integrin expression on keratinocyte adhesion, proliferation and terminal differentiation (1999)

Many important transgenic mouse models of benign and neoplastic skin diseases have been generated through the use of promoters that target transgene expression to the different epidermal layers. However, more mechanistic studies of the specific effects of the transgenes on keratinocytes have been hampered by difficulties in culturing keratinocytes from adult mouse epidermis and by the low differentiation potential of many established mouse keratinocyte lines. We have used the Rheinwald & Green technique to cultivate primary adult keratinocytes and to generate keratinocyte lines from transgenic mice which have a sporadic psoriatic phenotype due to expression of human integrin subunits under the control of the involucrin promoter. We show that the transgenes are induced when keratinocytes are placed in suspension and that the transgenic integrins are capable of clustering in focal adhesions and mediating cell adhesion and spreading. We also show that suprabasal integrin expression has no direct effect on proliferation of cells in the underlying basal layer, ruling this out as a possible explanation for the epidermal hyperproliferation observed in the transgenic mice.
Mechanism of All-trans-retinal Toxicity with Implications for Stargardt Disease and Age-related Macular Degeneration (2011)

Compromised clearance of all-trans-retinal (atRAL), a component of the retinoid cycle, increases the susceptibility of mouse retina to acute light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice featuring defective atRAL clearance were used to examine the one or more underlying molecular mechanisms, because exposure to intense light causes severe photoreceptor degeneration in these animals. Here we report that bright light exposure of Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice increased atRAL levels in the retina that induced rapid NADPH oxidase-mediated overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, such ROS generation was inhibited by blocking phospholipase C and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca(2+) release, indicating that activation occurs upstream of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation. Because multiple upstream G protein-coupled receptors can activate phospholipase C, we then tested the effects of antagonists of serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)R) and M(3)-muscarinic (M(3)R) receptors and found they both protected Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mouse retinas from light-induced degeneration. Thus, a cascade of signaling events appears to mediate the toxicity of atRAL in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration of Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice. A similar mechanism may be operative in human Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration.
Crosstalk and Core Density in Uncoupled Multicore Fibers (2012)

Reduction of intercore crosstalk in uncoupled multicore fibers (MCFs) is the most critical issue for long-haul space division multiplexing transmission. The required coupling coefficient, allowable outer cladding diameter, and assumed bending radii range are important fiber design parameters for maximizing a relative core density while maintaining low-crosstalk level in an MCF. The relationships between crosstalk and core density in uncoupled MCFs with a step-index profile and trench-assisted structure are investigated in detail, and the maximum achievable relative core multiplicity factors are clarified in a limited cladding diameter.
On static and dynamic methods for condensation-based privacy-preserving data mining (2008)

In recent years, privacy-preserving data mining has become an important problem because of the large amount of personal data which is tracked by many business applications. In many cases, users are unwilling to provide personal information unless the privacy of sensitive information is guaranteed. In this paper, we propose a new framework for privacy-preserving data mining of multidimensional data. Previous work for privacy-preserving data mining uses a perturbation approach which reconstructs data distributions in order to perform the mining. Such an approach treats each dimension independently and therefore ignores the correlations between the different dimensions. In addition, it requires the development of a new distribution-based algorithm for each data mining problem, since it does not use the multidimensional records, but uses aggregate distributions of the data as input. This leads to a fundamental re-design of data mining algorithms. In this paper, we will develop a new and flexible approach for privacy-preserving data mining that does not require new problem-specific algorithms, since it maps the original data set into a new anonymized data set. These anonymized data closely match the characteristics of the original data including the correlations among the different dimensions. We will show how to extend the method to the case of data streams. We present empirical results illustrating the effectiveness of the method. We also show the efficiency of the method for data streams.
Electrocatalysts: Guided Evolution of Bulk Metallic Glass Nanostructures: A Platform for Designing 3D Electrocatalytic Surfaces (Adv. Mater. 10/2016) (2016)

On page 1940, A. D. Taylor and co-workers demonstrate nanoporous bicontinuous structures using controlled structural evolution of metallic glass. By using techniques such as dealloying, galvanic replacement, and under-potential deposition, bulk-metallic-glass alloys can be pushed beyond their compositional limitations and tuned for a wide variety of interfacial and electrochemical reactions. Examples are illustrated for hydrogen and methanol oxidation, as well as oxygen reduction reactions.
Three‐phase double auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter topology and analysis of its working principle (2016)

This study presents a double auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP) inverter topology and modulation strategy. In the proposed inverter, the zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) turn‐off of auxiliary switches influenced by parasitic circuit elements from the wiring process can be avoided. It is assured that the auxiliary switches achieve ZVS turn‐off reliably. Hence, the reliability of the ARCP inverter is improved, especially in high‐power application. According to the equivalent circuits in different operation modes under the proposed modulation strategy, the working principle, soft‐switching implementation condition, and parameter design procedure of the proposed inverter are analysed successively in this study. Finally, a 10 kW, 16 kHz double ARCP inverter prototype is built. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed inverter.
Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclic Carbonate Monomers Using Carbon Dioxide (2022)

Aliphatic polycarbonates represent an important class of materials with diverse applications ranging from battery electrolytes, polyurethane intermediates, and materials for biomedical applications. These materials can be produced via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of six- to eight-membered cyclic carbonates derived from precursor 1,3- and 1,5-diols. These diols can contain a range of functional groups depending on the desired thermal, mechanical, and solution properties. Generally, the ring closure to form the cyclic carbonate requires the use of undesirable and hazardous reagents. Advances in synthetic methodologies and catalysis have enabled the use of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to perform these transformations with a high conversion of diol to cyclic carbonate, yet modest isolated yields due to oligomerization side reactions. In this Letter, we evaluate a series of bases in the presence of <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonyl chloride and the appropriate diol to better understand their effect on the yield and presence of oligomer byproducts during cyclic carbonate formation from CO<sub>2</sub>. From this study, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) was identified as an optimal base, facilitating the preparation of a diverse array of both six- and eight-membered carbonates from CO<sub>2</sub> within 10 to 15 min. The robust conditions for both, the preparation of the diol precursor, and the TMEDA-mediated carbonate synthesis enabled readily telescoping the two-step reaction sequence, greatly simplifying the process of monomer preparation.
Low‐Temperature Densification of Lead Zirconate‐Titanate with Vanadium Pentoxide Additive (1981)

Additions of 0.1 to 6.0 wt% V 2 O, to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics promoted rapid densification below 975°C, thereby eliminating the need for PbO atmosphere control The base PZT, Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 , was prepared by coprecipitation from mixed oxides and butoxides. The V 2 O 5 was incorporated as a batch addition during the PZT coprecipitation process, as mill additions to the calcined precipitated powder, and to a commercial PZT powder. Densification rates were enhanced by the addition of V 2 O 5 (>98% of theoretical density was obtained in ∼15 min at 960°C by the addition of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% V 2 O 5 , compared to 4 h at 1280°C for the base PZT). Dielectric properties and piezoelectric coefficients varied slightly within the optimum range of 0.25 to 1.0 wt% V 2 O 5 addition but were at least comparable to the base PZT. Indications are that V 2 O 5 becomes incorporated into the surface layers of the oxide powders during mixing (or in the coprecipitation process) and that the accelerated densification is due to enhanced surface activation and liquid‐phase sintering.
Multicast scheduling in cellular data networks (2009)

Multicast is an efficient means of transmitting the same content to multiple receivers while minimizing network resource usage. Applications that can benefit from multicast such as multimedia streaming and download, are now being deployed over 3G wireless data networks. Existing multicast schemes transmit data at a fixed rate that can accommodate the farthest located users in a cell. However, users belonging to the same multicast group can have widely different channel conditions. Thus existing schemes are too conservative by limiting the throughput of users close to the base station. We propose two proportional fair multicast scheduling algorithms that can adapt to dynamic channel states in cellular data networks that use time division multiplexing: inter-group proportional fairness (IPF) and multicast proportional fairness (MPF). These scheduling algorithms take into account (1) reported data rate requests from users which dynamically change to match their link states to the base station, and (2) the average received throughput of each user inside its cell. This information is used by the base station to select an appropriate data rate for each group. We prove that IPF and MPF achieve proportional fairness among groups and among all users inside a cell respectively. Through extensive packet-level simulations, we demonstrate that these algorithms achieve good balance between throughput and fairness among users and groups.
PB/MC-CDMA : A nobel modulation technique and multiple access scheme for broadband wireless communication (2012)

In the presence of frequency-selective multi path fading channels, Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) suffers from multi-user interference (MUI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). In this paper, the Partial Block MC-CDMA system was proposed and Performance of the system was analyzed. In the conventional MC-CDMA system, users are affected by MUI (multi-user experience) because all users use whole bandwidth. By the MUI, performance is degraded as the number of user increases. Furthermore, number of maximum user is limited to the length of spreading code. However, proposed system can increase the system performance by limiting MUI through assigning the users to the block-unit sub-carrier. And user capacity of the proposed system is much better than conventional system because spreading code can be reused in each block. And the proposed system can get frequency diversity gain so that performance becomes better. Performance is analyzed, and simulations are carried out to illustrate the merits of PB/MC-CDMA relative to existing alternatives given in this document.
A Biocatalytic Diels-Alder Reaction Using a Designed Enzyme (2011)

David Baker and collaborators from the fields of biochemistry, computational chemistry and synthetic organic chemistry have successfully developed enzymes that can catalyze a bimolecular Diels-Alder reaction, a process essentially unknown with naturally occurring enzymes. Using computational methods, the team designed an active site, which catalyzes the reaction by modulating the molecular orbital energies (HOMO and LUMO) of the two reactive partners 1 and 2 as well as positioning them in a proper orientation. Biochemical synthesis followed by active site optimization identified two enzymes, which display ­extremely high specificity and stereoselectivity (er > 98.5:1.5, dr > 99:1) in a model Diels-Alder reaction.
Correction to Structure–Activity Profiles of Novel 6-Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine Thienoyl Antifolates with Modified Amino Acids for Cellular Uptake by Folate Receptors α and β and the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Structure–Activity Profiles of Novel 6-Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Thienoyl Antifolates with Modified Amino Acids for Cellular Uptake by Folate Receptors α and β and the Proton-Coupled Folate TransporterLalit K. Golani, Christina George, Sai Zhao, Sudhir Raghavan, Steven Orr, Adrianne Wallace, Mike R. Wilson, Zhanjun Hou, Larry H. Matherly*, and Aleem Gangjee*Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, 8, 4032Publication Date (Web):April 15, 2016Publication History Published online15 April 2016Published inissue 28 April 2016https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00502Copyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views785Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (380 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
MEASUREMENT OF LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACIAL SHEAR VISCOSITY: THE UNSTEADY STATE DEFORMATION OF AN INTERFACE IN A CYLINDRICAL CELL (1988)

The theoretical background of a new method for the measurement of liquid-liquid interfacial shear viscosities is presented. The method is simple in design and conducive to routine measurements. Liquid-liquid interfacial shear viscosities are measured by observation of the unsteady state deformation of the interface after a slowly rotating cylindrical cell containing the liquids is abruptly halted. The deformation is established with tracer particles located at the interface between two liquids. Presented here are correlations which relate the traversed angle of the panicles to the interfacial shear viscosity, the viscosities and densities of the bulk phases, and the cup dimensions. Correlations show that the method is sufficiently sensitive to allow measurements of interfacial shear viscosities ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 surface poise (sp). Preliminary data showing good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental observations for a system expected to show negligible interfacial shear viscosity are also provided.