gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in the field of A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor antagonists (2003)

Abstract Adenosine is an endogenous modulator of a large variety of physiological functions through the interaction with specific cell membrane G‐protein‐coupled receptors classified as A 1 , A 2A , A 2B , and A 3 . Activation of A 3 receptors has been shown to stimulate phospholipase C and to inhibit adenylate cyclase. A 3 agonists also cause stimulation of phospholipase D and the release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine from mast cells, which are responsible for inflammation and hypotension. For these reasons, the clinical use of A 3 adenosine receptors antagonists for the treatment of asthma and inflammatory disease has been suggested. Recent studies also indicated a possible employment of these derivatives as antitumor agents. Different classes of polyheterocyclic compounds have been identified as potent A 3 antagonists. Herein, we report our past and recent results in the development of tricyclic A 3 selective antagonists. The pyrazolo[4,3‐e]‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine nucleus has especially been investigated by our group. Our interests were focused on the effects of substitution of the phenyl ring of the arylcarbamoyl moiety at N 5 position and of substituents at C 9 and/or at N 8 pyrazole nitrogen. These studies allowed us to obtain a large variety of compounds which showed affinities in the nanomolar range with human A 3 adenosine receptors with a high degree of selectivity vs. all other receptors subtypes. Thanks to the introduction of alkylating groups at p‐position of the N 5 ‐phenylcarbamoyl chain, we succeeded in realizing potent irreversible A 3 adenosine antagonists. Finally, the replacement of the phenyl nucleus of carbamoyl function with a pyridine ring conferred water solubility to the corresponding derivatives, which are also characterized by high levels of A 3 affinity and selectivity. Drug Dev. Res. 58:315–329, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
<title>Heating of magneto-rheological fluid dampers: a theoretical study</title> (1999)

This paper focuses on a theoretical model that predicts the temperature increase of Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid dampers experiencing a sinusoidal input motion. A theoretical model is developed to estimate the temperature rise based on the non-linear behavior of the MR fluid damper. This model is solved numerically, and the numerical solution is compared with a known linear solution and experimental result in order to validate the accuracy of the model. Also, a non-dimensional form of the governing equations are developed to examine the key parameters. The non-dimensional terms show the effect of external and internal parameters on the trends of heat dissipation as well as heat generation within the MR fluid damper.
Large Data Flow Graphs in Limited GPU Memory (2019)

The size of a GPU's memory imposes strict limits both on the complexity of neural networks and the size of the data samples that can be processed. This paper presents methods to efficiently use GPU memory by the TensorFlow <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> machine learning framework for processing large data flow graphs of neural networks. The proposed techniques make use of swapping data stored in GPU memory to and from CPU memory, data compression, and serialization of computation. The data flow graph is modified by inserting nodes for data transfer and compression, and by defining control dependencies for serializing the execution of graph nodes. The locations for additional nodes and control dependencies are determined algorithmically by the analysis of the graph's topology and the complexity of operations implemented by the graph's nodes. Our experiments show the capability to process 3D-Unet [1] on 192 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> -sized images with batch size 4 and ResNet [2] models with more than 7 fold the maximum batch size.
Wide-band frequency-selective terahertz detection based on a single-layer graphene (2009)

We report on a new type of terahertz (THz) detector based on a single-layer graphene. We have observed experimentally that the graphene under a magnetic field is able to detect THz waves ranging from far-infrared to mid-infrared region. This is due to unique Landau-level formation of Dirac fermions, which is in strong contrast to electronic systems of conventional semiconductors. The present observation leads to a very wide-band frequency-selective THz detector.
Video coding with pixel-aligned directional adaptive interpolation filters (2008)

In this paper a novel adaptive interpolation filter structure is proposed to improve the coding efficiency of video coders. Proposed scheme utilizes one dimensional directional adaptive filter for every of the sub-pixel location, whose coefficients are calculated analytically for every frame by minimizing the prediction error energy. The direction of the interpolation filter is different for every sub-pixel position and it is determined based on the alignment of the corresponding sub- pixel with integer pixel samples. Experimental results show that, the proposed method achieves up-to 1.1 dB gain compared to the standard non-adaptive interpolation scheme of H.264/AVC, requiring less number of operations for interpolation. Compared to two-dimensional non-separable adaptive interpolation, proposed scheme has practically the same coding efficiency with approximately 3 times less complexity. Since significant coding efficiency is achieved without increasing the complexity, it is believed that proposed method has important use-cases in mobile multimedia environments where the resources are severely constrained.
Flow Z-Pinch EUV Light Source for Lithography (2007)

Summary form only given. The next-generation of lithography will use extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light with 13.5 nm wavelength. The candidate light sources are plasma-based concepts due to the required high temperature for generation and vacuum for transmission. The leading candidates are either gas discharge-produced plasmas (GDPPs) or laser-produced plasmas (LPPs) using either xenon or tin as the working element. These sources produce short pulses of 13.5 nm light, less than a few hundred nanoseconds in length, from a plasma volume of approximately one cubic centimeter. The limitations are either power or stability. The sources are repetitively pulsed at a few kHz to produce effective power levels of 10 W (for LPPs) to 20 W (for GDPPs) at the entrance of the photolithography illuminator system or "intermediate focus" (IF). The power level required by high volume manufacturing (HVM) facilities is 180 W at the IF. Many challenges remain in extending these devices to the required power levels. A new method to produce stable plasmas at high temperature and density has been developed with the ZaP Flow Z-pinch experiment at the University of Washington. The novel concept forms long-lived, large-volume plasmas with lifetimes thousands times longer than the lifetimes of pinch/dense plasma focus methods of GDPP-based EUV sources under development. EUV output power is directly proportional to plasma lifetime at a fixed pulse frequency. Furthermore, the plasma volume is approximately 300 times larger. The flow Z-pinch plasma operating as a long-duration EUV light source has the potential to dramatically increase the per-pulse delivered energy at 13.5 nm. Such a technology breakthrough would greatly improve the economic and throughput performance of EUV lithography in semiconductor manufacturing. The ZaP concept uses a novel method of formation to embed a sheared axial flow in the plasma, mitigating the classical plasma instabilities (kink and sausage instabilities). (The same instabilities that limit the duration of the EUV emission phase in GDPPs.) Recent experiments on the ZaP Flow Z-Pinch at the University of Washington have been conducted using xenon as the working plasma and measuring the EUV light production. Diagnostic instruments measure many plasma parameters (for example magnetic fields, plasma density, flow velocities, and temperatures). A filtered photodiode instrument is constructed that admits a narrow wavelength bandwidth about 13.5 nm. Experimental results of the plasma behavior and EUV light production will be presented.
Pan-Influenza A Protection by Prime–Boost Vaccination with Cold-Adapted Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Mouse Model (2018)

Influenza virus infections continually pose a major public health threat with seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics worldwide. While currently licensed influenza vaccines provide only strain-specific protection, antigenic drift and shift occasionally render the viruses resistant to the host immune responses, which highlight the need for a vaccine that provides broad protection against multiple subtypes. In this study, we suggest a vaccination strategy using cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccines (CAIVs) to provide a broad, potent, and safe cross-protection covering antigenically distinct hemagglutinin (HA) groups 1 and 2 influenza viruses. Using a mouse model, we tested different prime-boost combinations of CAIVs for their ability to induce humoral and T-cell responses, and protective efficacy against H1 and H5 (HA group 1) as well as H3 and H7 (HA group 2) influenza viruses. Notably, even in the absence of antibody-mediated neutralizing activity or HA inhibitory activity <i>in vitro</i>, CAIVs provided a potent protection against heterologous and heterosubtypic lethal challenges <i>in vivo</i>. Heterologous combination of prime (H1)-boost (H5) vaccine strains showed the most potent cross-protection efficacy. <i>In vivo</i> depletion experiments demonstrated not only that T cells and natural killer cells contributed to the cross-protection, but also the involvement of antibody-dependent mechanisms for the cross-protection. Vaccination-induced antibodies did not enhance the infectivity of heterologous viruses, and prime vaccination did not interfere with neutralizing antibody generation by the boost vaccination, allaying vaccine safety concerns associated with heterogeneity between the vaccines and challenge strains. Our data show that CAIV-based strategy can serve as a simple but powerful option for developing a "truly" universal influenza vaccine providing pan-influenza A protection, which has not been achieved yet by other vaccine strategies. The promising results of potency, breadth, and safety demonstrated in the mouse model support further studies in higher animal models for clinical relevance.
Novel Lithography-Independent Pore Phase Change Memory (2007)

We have successfully demonstrated a novel "pore" phase change memory cell, whose critical dimension (CD) is independent of lithography. Instead, the pore diameter is accurately defined by intentionally creating a "keyhole" with conformal deposition. Fully integrated 256 kbit test chips have been fabricated in 180nm CMOS technology. We report SET times of 80ns, RESET currents less than 250μA, and accurate sub-lithographic CDs that can be less than 20% the size of the lithographically -defined diameter.
Organic-Free Synthesis of CHA-Type Zeolite Catalysts for the Methanol-to-Olefins Reaction (2015)

Chabazite (CHA)-type zeolites are prepared from the hydrothermal conversion of faujasite (FAU)-type zeolites, dealuminated by high-temperature steam treatments (500–700 °C), and evaluated as catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) reaction. The effects of temperature and partial pressure of water vapor during steaming are investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Ar physisorption data show that the steam treatments cause partial structural collapse of the zeolite with the extent of degradation increasing with steaming temperature. ^(27)Al MAS NMR spectra of the steamed materials reveal the presence of tetrahedral, pentacoordinate, and octahedral aluminum. NH_3 and i-propylamine temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) demonstrate that steaming removes Brønsted acid sites, while simultaneously introducing larger pores into the CHA materials that make the remaining acid sites more accessible. Acid washing the steamed CHA-type zeolites removes a significant portion of the extra-framework aluminum, producing an increase in the bulk Si/Al ratio as well as the adsorption volume. The proton form of the as-synthesized CHA (Si/Al = 2.4) rapidly deactivates when tested for MTO at a reaction temperature of 400 °C and atmospheric pressure. CHA samples steamed at 600 °C performed the best among the samples tested, showing increased olefin selectivities as well as catalyst lifetime compared to the unsteamed CHA. Both lifetime and C_2–C_3 olefin selectivities are found to increase with increasing reaction temperature. At 450 °C, CHA steamed at 600 °C reached a combined C_2–C_3 olefin selectivity of 74.2% at 100% methanol conversion, with conversion remaining above 80% for more than 130 min of time-on-stream (TOS) before deactivating. More stable time-on-stream behavior is observed for 600 °C-steamed CHA that underwent acid washing: conversion above 90% for more than 200 min of TOS at 450 °C with a maximum total C_2–C_3 olefin selectivity of 71.4% at 100% conversion.
Far-Infrared and Ultra-High-Speed Quantum-Cascade Lasers (2001)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text FEDERICO CAPASSO, RAFFAELE COLOMBELLI, ROBERTO PAIELLA, CLAIRE GMACHL, ALESSANDRO TREDICUCCI, DEBORAH L. SIVCO, and ALFRED Y. CHO, "Far-Infrared and Ultra-High-Speed Quantum-Cascade Lasers," Optics & Photonics News 12(5), 40-46 (2001) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Reliability-Aware Data Placement for Heterogeneous Memory Architecture (2018)

System reliability is a first-class concern as technology continues to shrink, resulting in increased vulnerability to traditional sources of errors such as single event upsets. By tracking access counts and the Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF), application data can be partitioned into groups based on how frequently it is accessed (its "hotness") and its likelihood to cause program execution error (its "risk"). This is particularly useful for memory systems which exhibit heterogeneity in their performance and reliability such as Heterogeneous Memory Architectures – with a typical configuration combining slow, highly reliable memory with faster, less reliable memory. This work demonstrates that current state of the art, performance-focused data placement techniques affect reliability adversely. It shows that page risk is not necessarily correlated with its hotness; this makes it possible to identify pages that are both hot and low risk, enabling page placement strategies that can find a good balance of performance and reliability. This work explores heuristics to identify and monitor both hotness and risk at run-time, and further proposes static, dynamic, and program annotation-based reliability-aware data placement techniques. This enables an architect to choose among available memories with diverse performance and reliability characteristics. The proposed heuristic-based reliability-aware data placement improves reliability by a factor of 1.6x compared to performance-focused static placement while limiting the performance degradation to 1%. A dynamic reliability-aware migration scheme, which does not require prior knowledge about the application, improves reliability by a factor of 1.5x on average while limiting the performance loss to 4.9%. Finally, program annotation-based data placement improves the reliability by 1.3x at a performance cost of 1.1%.
Impedance-matched differential superconducting nanowire detectors (2021)

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are the highest performing photon-counting technology in the near-infrared (NIR). Due to delay-line effects, large area SNSPDs typically trade-off timing resolution and detection efficiency. Here, we introduce a detector design based on transmission line engineering and differential readout for device-level signal conditioning, enabling a high system detection efficiency and a low detector jitter, simultaneously. To make our differential detectors compatible with single-ended time taggers, we also engineer analog differential-to-single-ended readout electronics, with minimal impact on the system timing resolution. Our niobium nitride differential SNSPDs achieve $47.3\,\% \pm 2.4\,\%$ system detection efficiency and sub-$10\,\mathrm{ps}$ system jitter at $775\,\mathrm{nm}$, while at $1550\,\mathrm{nm}$ they achieve $71.1\,\% \pm 3.7\,\%$ system detection efficiency and $13.1\,\mathrm{ps} \pm 0.4\,\mathrm{ps}$ system jitter. These detectors also achieve sub-100 ps timing response at one one-hundredth maximum level, $30.7\,\mathrm{ps} \pm 0.4\,\mathrm{ps}$ at $775\,\mathrm{nm}$ and $47.6\,\mathrm{ps} \pm 0.4\,\mathrm{ps}$ at $1550\,\mathrm{nm}$, enabling time-correlated single-photon counting with high dynamic range response functions. Furthermore, thanks to the differential impedance-matched design, our detectors exhibit delay-line imaging capabilities and photon-number resolution. The properties and high-performance metrics achieved by our system make it a versatile photon-detection solution for many scientific applications.
Isoform-selective Hsp90 inhibition rescues model of hereditary open-angle glaucoma (2017)

The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family of molecular chaperones regulates protein homeostasis, folding, and degradation. The ER-resident Hsp90 isoform, glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), promotes the aggregation of mutant forms of myocilin, a protein associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. While inhibition of Grp94 promotes the degradation of mutant myocilin in vitro, to date no Grp94-selective inhibitors have been investigated in vivo. Here, a Grp94-selective inhibitor facilitated mutant myocilin degradation and rescued phenotypes in a transgenic mouse model of hereditary primary open-angle glaucoma. Ocular toxicities previously associated with pan-Hsp90 inhibitors were not evident with our Grp94-selective inhibitor, 4-Br-BnIm. Our study suggests that selective inhibition of a distinct Hsp90 family member holds translational promise for ocular and other diseases associated with cell stress and protein misfolding.
Virtual Acoustics - Applications And Technology Trends (2000)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Laboratory Comparison of Natural Fractures and Induced Fracture Permeability Variations Under Simulated Dynamic Reservoir Conditions (2019)

Abstract The objective of this study is to compare the laboratory behavior of natural (Mode II) and induced (Mode I and II) fractures during stress-dependent permeability tests (SDk) to verify under which conditions the hydraulic behavior of induced fractures may be assumed to be representative of that of in-situ natural fractures. Fracture modes are identified by the way the force that enables the crack to propagate is applied and may be of three different types. Mode I fractures (propagated by a tensile stress normal to the plane of the crack) and Mode II fractures (propagated by a shear stress acting parallel to the plane of the crack and perpendicular to the crack front) are of import in the present study. To test under which conditions this assumption may hold, cylindrical specimens of different rock types including plugs with an intact matrix and plugs with a natural fracture propagating through their body were selected. When possible, the plugs were grouped in pairs so as to form homogeneous sets characterized by a coherence in specific matrix properties (porosity, density, permeability), with each pair including a plug containing a natural fracture. Induced Mode I and Mode II fractures were then propagated axially through the intact specimens and each plug set was tested for SDk. All of the tests were run under similar triaxial test conditions.
Note: A gel based imaging technique of the iridocorneal angle for evaluation of angle-closure glaucoma (2014)

Noninvasive medical imaging techniques have high potential in the field of ocular imaging research. Angle closure glaucoma is a major disease causing blindness and a possible way of detection is the examination of the anterior chamber angle in eyes. Here, a simple optical method for the evaluation of angle-closure glaucoma is proposed and illustrated. The light propagation from the region associated with the iridocorneal angle to the exterior of eye is considered analytically. The design of the gel assisted probe prototype is carried out and the imaging of iridocorneal angle is performed on an eye model.
1200 V MCCT: a new concept three terminal MOS-gated thyristor (2002)

High power semiconductor devices are required for various applications like a motor control in traction system. Desired device characteristics for such applications are low forward voltage drop, high current capability and large blocking voltage capability. Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is now widely accepted for many applications due to its simple gate control and current saturation feature, and many studies have been done for its high voltage application. It has been found that this device structure has a high forward voltage drop at a large current density when designed for the high voltage application. As an alternative, MOS-gated thyristor structures such as MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) and Base Resistance controlled Thyristor(BRT) have been studied for the high voltage application because of its simple gate drive capability and low forward voltage drop. However, since this device does not have the current saturation feature, passive protection must be provided for its stable operation. In this paper, a new class of MOS-gated thyristor structure named MOS Controlled Cascode Thyristor (MCCT) which exhibits a superior short circuit withstand capability as well as the low forward voltage drop will be demonstrated for the first time. Furthermore, this device shows a fast switching speed which is comparable to that of an IGBT and an excellent maximum turn-off capability, simultaneously.
Hadamard coded modulation: An alternative to OFDM for wireless optical communications (2014)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique susceptible to source, channel and amplifier nonlinearities because of its high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). The distortion gets worse by increasing the average power of the OFDM signals since larger portion of the signals are affected by nonlinearity. In this paper we introduce Hadamard coded modulation (HCM) that uses the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform (FWHT) to modulate data as an alternative technique to OFDM in direct-detection wireless optical systems. This technique is shown to have a better performance for high average optical power scenarios because of its small PAPR, and can be used instead of OFDM in two scenarios: 1) in optical systems that require high average optical powers such as visible light communications (VLC), and 2) in optical wireless systems unconstrained by average power, for which HCM achieves a lower bit error rate (BER) compared to OFDM. The power efficiency of HCM can be improved by removing a part of the signal's DC bias without losing any information. In this way, the amplitude of the transmitted signal is decreased and the signals become less susceptible to nonlinearity. Interleaving can be applied on HCM to make the resulting signals résistent against inter-symbol interference (ISI) effects in dispersive channels by uniformly distributing the interference over all symbols.