gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Player-Possession Acquisition System for Broadcast Soccer Video (2005)

A semi-auto system is developed to acquire player possession for broadcast soccer video, whose objective is to minimize the manual work. This research is important because acquiring player-possession by pure manual work is very time-consuming. For completeness, this system integrates the ball detection-and-tracking algorithm, view classification algorithm, and play/break analysis algorithm. First, it produces the ball locations, play/break structure, and the view classes of frames. Then it finds the touching points based on ball locations and player detection. Next it estimates the touching-place in the field for each touching point based on the view-class of the touching frame. Last, for each touching-point it acquires the touching-player candidates based on the touching-place and the roles of players. The system provides the graphical user interfaces to verify touching-points and finalize the touching-player for each touching-point. Experimental results show that the proposed system can obtain good results in touching-point detection and touching-player candidate inference, which save a lot of time compared with the pure manual way.
Pulsed power for advanced waste water remediation (2002)

We describe a 2-stage technology for degrading water borne chlorinated/aromatic organic pollutants, based on a pulsed power treatment in the first stage followed by bio-treatment. The combination of a strong pulsed corona/streamer discharge in the water aerosol in the first stage with inoculation of partially dechlorinated (15-30%) processed water with bacteria Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 in the second stage demonstrated as high as 90% dechlorination in the first 40 hours after inoculation, whereas the control (nonaerosol-treated sample) had no chloride ions released, and no bacterial growth. The main features and advantages of the novel two-stage approach, and future plans for research are presented and analyzed.
Studies of the interaction of troponin I with proteins of the I-filament and calmodulin (1983)

1. All lysine residues in native troponin I from rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscle reacted with methyl acetimidate and ethyl acetimidate. 2. The reactivity of lysine-18 of troponin I to acetimidate was much diminished when the troponin I was complexed in the presence of Ca2+ with troponin C alone or in the whole troponin complex. 3. In the presence of EGTA, lysine-18 of troponin I in the troponin I-troponin C complex was more reactive to acetimidate than it was in the presence of Ca2+. 4. No masking of lysine residues could be detected when troponin I interacted with calmodulin or actin. 5. Sedimentation-equilibrium studies indicated that the complex of troponin I with calmodulin was more readily dissociated in the absence of Ca2+ than was its complex with troponin C under otherwise identical conditions. 6. These studies suggest that the nature of the involvement of the N-terminal region of troponin I is a major difference between its modes of interaction with calmodulin and with troponin C.
Automated Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans (2013)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important sulfated carbohydrates prevalent in the extracellular matrix. The synthesis of structurally defined GAGs requires laborious procedures, and incorporating defined sulfation patterns is challenging. The automated synthesis of defined sulfated chondroitin hexasaccharides on solid support has been achieved using a photolabile linker that is efficiently cleaved in a continuous-flow photoreactor. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Evaluating outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients with cacehxia. (2014)

e15208 Background: Although cachexia is a common complication in pancreatic cancer patients and a risk factor for poor outcomes, physicians do not necessarily diagnose and treat it. In a nationally representative cancer database, we investigated the extent of diagnosed cachexia and its treatment in pancreatic cancer patients. We also evaluated if treatment with cachexia drugs (i.e. megestrol and dronabinol) are associated with improved outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: We employed data on patients with primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma represented in the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results tumor registry and Medicare claims database between 2007 and 2009. The study sample comprised of 8619 patients who were continually enrolled in Medicare Parts A, B and D, for whom diagnostic codes and prescription drug data were available. Cachexia was defined as ICD-9 coded diagnosis of cachexia, anorexia, wasting, or weight loss following cancer diagnosis, and/or prescription for megestrol or dronabinol. We performed multivariable Cox Regression, adjusting for age, sex, race, stage, grade, tumor size, chemotherapy, resection, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia to investigate the association between cachexia and overall survival, incorporating cachexia diagnosis and its treatment as time-dependent covariates. Results: Cachexia was diagnosed and/or treated in 3022 (35%) of study population, in whom 1697 were diagnosed with cachexia, and 1600 and 259 were treated with megestrol and dronabinol, respectively. Those diagnosed or treated with cachexia showed higher hazard of death across all stages of pancreatic cancer (HR =1.57, 95%CI 1.50, 1.65) Once diagnosed with cachexia use of megestrol (HR = 1.54, 95% 1.37, 1.73) and dronabinol (HR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.25, 1.96) were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer cachexia is diagnosed and treated in a minority of patients. Use of existing cachexia drugs are associated with worse outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients with cachexia and likely indicates severity of disease.
Exploiting endogenous fibrocartilage stem cells to regenerate cartilage and repair joint injury (2016)

Tissue regeneration using stem cell-based transplantation faces many hurdles. Alternatively, therapeutically exploiting endogenous stem cells to regenerate injured or diseased tissue may circumvent these challenges. Here we show resident fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) can be used to regenerate and repair cartilage. We identify FCSCs residing within the superficial zone niche in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle. A single FCSC spontaneously generates a cartilage anlage, remodels into bone and organizes a haematopoietic microenvironment. Wnt signals deplete the reservoir of FCSCs and cause cartilage degeneration. We also show that intra-articular treatment with the Wnt inhibitor sclerostin sustains the FCSC pool and regenerates cartilage in a TMJ injury model. We demonstrate the promise of exploiting resident FCSCs as a regenerative therapeutic strategy to substitute cell transplantation that could be beneficial for patients suffering from fibrocartilage injury and disease. These data prompt the examination of utilizing this strategy for other musculoskeletal tissues.
Automatic Tuning and Temperature Stabilization of High-Order Silicon Vernier Microring Filters (2017)

Using in-resonator photoconductive heaters to monitor and tune the light intensity inside the resonators, a four-ring Vernier filter is automatically tuned across the entire C-band and stabilized over a 40 °C temperature range.
Fully Recyclable Metastable Polymers and Composites (2018)

Fully-cycled depolymerization and repolymerization of a low ceiling temperature polymer, cyclic poly(phthalaldehyde) (cPPA), yielding high performance structural polymer is demonstrated. The facile conditions for cPPA depolymerization circumvent the extreme conditions required to break down and recycle traditional thermoplastics and thermosets. cPPA depolymerizes in as little as 14 min at 120 °C, with concurrent evaporation and quantitative recovery of the monomer. Polymerization of the recovered monomer produces cPPA with molecular and mechanical properties identical to the original material. Depolymerization of cPPA is also demonstrated in the presence of various carbon fiber reinforcements. Continuous carbon fibers retain 100% of their moduli and tensile strength through multiple generations of recycling, while fully recycled cPPA/carbon nanofiber composites exhibit mechanical properties equivalent to the original composite and show no degradation with cycling.
High Dynamic Range Video Compression Exploiting Luminance Masking (2015)

The human visual system (HVS) exhibits nonlinear sensitivity to the distortions introduced by lossy image and video coding. This effect is due to the luminance masking, contrast masking, and spatial and temporal frequency masking characteristics of the HVS. This paper proposes a novel perception-based quantization to remove nonvisible information in high dynamic range (HDR) color pixels by exploiting luminance masking so that the performance of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is improved for HDR content. A profile scaling based on a tone-mapping curve computed for each HDR frame is introduced. The quantization step is then perceptually tuned on a transform unit basis. The proposed method has been integrated into the HEVC reference model for the HEVC range extensions (HM-RExt), and its performance was assessed by measuring the bitrate reduction against the HM-RExt. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves significant bitrate savings, up to 42.2%, with an average of 12.8%, compared with HEVC at the same quality (based on HDR-visible difference predictor-2 and subjective evaluations).
Solder joint reliability enhancement through surface mounting solder joint reflow optimization in enterprise grade solid state drives (SSDs) (2016)

In high reliability Surface Mount Technology (SMT) assembly applications, the ability to inspect the solder joints visually has been standard and has been key factors in providing confidence in solder joint reliability. Inspection techniques such as X-ray can be used to detect gross manufacturing defects such as solder bridging, but are not suitable for detection of other defects such as cracks. Temperature cycling test (TCT) is a standard solder joint reliability assessment method in semiconductor reliability for ball grid array (BGA) packaging. SMT reflow process and CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) between solder materials, PCB and BGA package have high influence in solder joint reliability. A careful experimental investigation was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of solder joints of SAC BGA components formed using Sn-2Ag-Cu-Ni solder paste. This evaluation specifically looked at the impact of time above liquidus, peak temperature and thermal interface material (TIM) on solder joint reliability. Four types of samples prepared with the peak temperature of 250 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> C and no TIM, 2500C with TIM, time above liquidus (TAL) 90 seconds and no TIM and TAL 90 seconds with TIM. A total of 60 drives were assembled and subjected to accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) test in the temperature range of 00C to 1000C for a maximum of 2000 cycles with reference to JESD22-A104 standard. Based on the results from the deisgn of experiment (DOE), TAL 90s profile have demonstrated better TCT reliability margin compared to peak temperature of 2500C.
Molecular modeling studies suggest that zinc ions inhibit HIV-1 protease by binding at catalytic aspartates. (1993)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease is inhibited in vitro by zinc ions at neutral pH. The binding site of these ions is not known; however, experimental data suggest that binding may occur in the active site. To examine the possibility of zinc binding in the active site, molecular dynamics simulations in the presence and absence of zinc have been carried out to 200 psec. The results are compared with the 2.8-A crystallographic structures of a synthetic HIV-1 protease, and a zinc binding site at the catalytic aspartate residues (Asp-25, Asp-25') is proposed. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the zinc ion remains stably bound in this region, coordinating the carboxylate side chains of both aspartate residues. Interaction with zinc does not disrupt the dimeric structure of the protein or significantly alter the structure of the active site. These data are consistent with experimental studies of HIV-1 protease inhibition by zinc and give strong evidence that this is the binding site that leads to inactivation.
Localization and Tracking Using Camera-Based Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

This chapter presents various methods for object detection, localization and tracking that use a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprising nodes endowed with low-cost cameras as main sensors. More concretely, it focuses on the integration of WSN nodes with low-cost micro cameras and describes localization and tracking methods based on Maximum Likelihood and Extended Information Filter. Finally, an entropy-based active perception technique that balances perception performance and energy consumption is proposed. Target localization and tracking attracts significant research and development efforts. Satellite-based positioning has proven to be useful and accurate in outdoor settings. However, in indoor scenarios and in GPS-denied environments localization is still an open challenge. A number of technologies have been applied including inertial navigation (Grewal et al., 2007), ultra-wideband (Gezici et al., 2005) or infrared light signals (Depenthal et al., 2009), among others. In the last decade, the explosion of ubiquitous systems has motivated intense research in localization and tracking methods using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A good number of methods have been developed based on Radio Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI) (Zanca et al., 2008) and ultrasound time of flight (TOF) (Amundson et al., 2009). Localization based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems have been used in fields such as logistics and transportation (Nath et al., 2006) but the constraints in terms of range between transmitter and reader limits its potential applications. Note that all the aforementioned approaches require active collaboration from the object to be localized -typically by carrying a receiverwhich imposes important limitations in some cases. Also, recently, multi-camera systems have attracted increasing interest. Camera based localization has high potentialities in a wide range of applications including security and safety in urban settings, search and rescue, and intelligent highways, among many others. In fact, the fusion of the measurements gathered from distributed cameras can reduce the uncertainty of the perception, allowing reliable detection, localization and tracking systems. Many efforts have been devoted to the development of cooperative perception strategies exploiting the complementarities among distributed static cameras at ground locations (Black & Ellis, 2006), among cameras mounted on mobile robotic platforms (Shaferman & Shima, 2008) and among static cameras and cameras onboard mobile robots (Grocholski et al., 2006).
Low Resolution Crystal Structure of Lipase from Geotrichum candidum (ATCC34614) (1979)

Lipase from Geotrichum candidum (ATCC34614) is a glycerol ester hydrolase which has a molecular weight of 55,000 with about 7% carbohydrate, displaying a high affinity for triolein. The enzyme was crystallized from more than 2% protein solution without using any salt or organic solvent. The crystals were cross-linked by soaking in 0.37% glutaraldehyde solution (0.1 M acetate buffer solution, pH 5.6). The structure was determined by X-ray diffraction using the isomorphous replacement technique. Two heavy-atom derivatives [K2PtCl4 and UO2(CH3COO)2] were obtained by the soaking method. The electron density map calculated at 5 A resolution clearly showed the molecular boundary. A balsa wood model was made on the basis of the 6 A electron density map. The molecular has an ellipsoidal shape with dimensions of 70 A X 50 A X 50 A. Several columns of density corresponding to alpha-helix and a few clefts were found in the molecule. The active site is presumably located in the vicinity of one of the Pt sites in the Pt-derivative crystal, judging from the inactivation of the enzyme by K2PtCl4.
A 2D spiral turbo‐spin‐echo technique (2018)

A robust 2D spiral TSE technique is feasible and provides a potential alternative to conventional 2D Cartesian TSE for T<sub>2</sub> -weighted neuroimaging.
Prologue (2015)

Abstract Setting the stage for the momentous actions that would alter the trajectory of Indian energy development, in particular, and tribal sovereignty, more generally, the Prologue describes the massive energy proposal the Consolidation Coal Company delivered to the Northern Cheyenne tribe in the summer of 1972. Although not a surprise to Northern Cheyenne leaders who had been working to secure this lucrative deal for some time, the offer placed the community in a precarious position. To reject it meant only more poverty, but many believed that accepting a project of these dimensions could threaten the continued existence of the tribe. In the end, tribal leaders would not make the decision on whether to accept Consolidation’s proposal, ordinary tribal members would. Launching a grassroots movement to protect the homeland, the Northern Cheyenne rejected the proposal, determined to develop their own minerals, and promised to alter Indians’ historic role as observers to the expropriation of tribal resources. The revolution in Indian energy development began in Lame Deer, Montana.
Salivary antigens of the cat flea, <i>Ctenocephalides felis felis</i> (1997)

The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis, is the major cause of flea bite hypersensitivity (FBH) in dogs and cats, yet little progress has been reported on identifying the antigens responsible. We obtained flea salivary antigens by washing secretions from containers probed by the mouthparts of fleas, and by extracting whole flea salivary glands. Mice were exposed to feeding fleas to generate antibodies to salivary antigens injected in vivo. The sera were tested for antibodies against the salivary antigens described and against a whole flea extract; in indirect ELISA, antibodies to salivary secretions were detected in 60% of the sera from mice exposed to feeding fleas. These sera identified four protein bands at apparent MW 56, 54, 42 and 40 K which corresponded to prominent protein bands in whole salivary gland extracts identified by protein staining after SDS-PAGE. Fixed sections of whole fleas exposed to the antisera showed that only structures within the salivary glands were identified. The salivary secretions and gland extracts are now being used to study immune responses of dogs suffering from FBH.
Detection and Visualization of Compositionally Similar <i>cis</i>-Regulatory Element Clusters in Orthologous and Coordinately Controlled Genes (2002)

Evolutionarily conserved noncoding genomic sequences represent a potentially rich source for the discovery of gene regulatory regions. However, detecting and visualizing compositionally similar cis-element clusters in the context of conserved sequences is challenging. We have explored potential solutions and developed an algorithm and visualization method that combines the results of conserved sequence analyses (BLASTZ) with those of transcription factor binding site analyses (MatInspector) (http://trafac.chmcc.org). We define hits as the density of co-occurring cis-element transcription factor (TF)-binding sites measured within a 200-bp moving average window through phylogenetically conserved regions. The results are depicted as a Regulogram, in which the hit count is plotted as a function of position within each of the two genomic regions of the aligned orthologs. Within a high-scoring region, the relative arrangement of shared cis-elements within compositionally similar TF-binding site clusters is depicted in a Trafacgram. On the basis of analyses of several training data sets, the approach also allows for the detection of similarities in composition and relative arrangement of cis-element clusters within nonorthologous genes, promoters, and enhancers that exhibit coordinate regulatory properties. Known functional regulatory regions of nonorthologous and less-conserved orthologous genes frequently showed cis-element shuffling, demonstrating that compositional similarity can be more sensitive than sequence similarity. These results show that combining sequence similarity with cis-element compositional similarity provides a powerful aid for the identification of potential control regions.
Astrocytes are very sensitive to develop innate immune responses to lipid‐carried short interfering RNA (2008)

Short interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibits the synthesis of specific proteins through RNA interference (RNAi). However, siRNA can induce innate immune responses that are mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cells of the immune system. Here, we sought to evaluate whether siRNA can induce such responses in glial cells. We examined the effects of various siRNA sequences prepared with lipids (oligofectamine). Lipid-siRNA induced variable degrees of silencing-independent nonspecific effects, e.g. increased Stat1 and Cox-2 expression and release of IL-6 and IP-10 in primary astroglia. This was prevented through chemical modification of siRNA by nucleoside 2'-O-methylation, without impairing specific gene silencing. Lipid-siRNA also induced nonspecific responses in purified astroglia, but not in microglia, or 3T3 cells. The highest TLR7 and TLR3 mRNA expression was found in microglia and purified astroglia, respectively. Accordingly, the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) (PIC) induced higher release of IFN-beta in primary and purified astroglia than in microglia. As siRNA, PIC induced IP-10, Stat1, VCAM-1, and Cox-2 and increased TLR3 mRNA expression. The effects of lipid-siRNA in purified astrocytes were attenuated after silencing TLR3 or TLR7 expression, and by the PKR inhibitor 2-aminopurine. Furthermore, lipid-siRNA induced the expression of RIG-I. In contrast, siRNA devoid of lipids did not enter the astrocytes, did not silence gene expression, and did not induce Stat1 or Cox-2. The results show that, in astroglia, lipid-siRNA induces innate immune responses that are mediated, at least in part, by intracellular mechanism dependent on TLR7, TLR3, and helicases.
Paneth cell defects in Crohn’s disease patients promote dysbiosis (2016)

The research was funded by Helmsley Charitable Trust (to T.S. Stappenbeck, R.J. Xavier, and D.P.B. McGovern), Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (to N.H. Salzman, T.S. Stappenbeck, R.J. Xavier, and C. Huttenhower), and Doris Duke Charitable Foundation grant 2014103 (to T.C. Liu).