gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage dependence of the magnetoresistance and the tunneling current in magnetic tunnel junctions (abstract) (1997)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), structures consisting of two ferromagnetic layers separated by a thin barrier of Al2O3, have recently been shown to exhibit large magnetoresistance (MR) at room temperature. The possible use of these structures in devices requires a thorough characterization and understanding of the transport properties of MTJs, which has motivated the present work. The junctions studied here were fabricated via dc sputtering on silicon substrates at room temperature with a series of contact masks to define the junction area (80×80 μm2), and plasma oxidation to produce the insulating barrier. A long standing problem of MTJs is the sensitivity of their MR to bias voltage. For example, in a recent work1 it was reported that the peak MR of 11% exhibited by a CoFe/Al2O3/Co junction was decreased by half at a bias voltage of &lt;200 mV. In this work, we will show a significant improvement of the MR voltage dependence, with peak MR values of 20%–25% near zero bias decreasing to half these values for 300–500 mV. The voltage falloff is typically asymmetric with regard to the sign of the applied voltage. For example, the peak MR of a Co/Al2O3/Ni85Fe15 MTJ, in which the Co is exchange biased with Mn54Fe46, decreases by half at a positive bias of 300 mV but requires a negative bias of 500 mV to attain the same MR decrease. There is significant structure in the resistance versus bias voltage curves with distinct differences at high and low magnetic fields for which the moments of the Co and Ni85Fe15 layers are parallel and antiparallel, respectively. A decrease in MR at high bias levels is found in all junctions independent of their resistance and the composition of the magnetic layers. However, the detailed dependence of MR on bias voltage varies with the detailed structure of the MTJ. Results will be presented for a wide range of magnetic materials and for junction resistances varying from 1 to 10 000 Ω. Possible explanations for this phenomena will be offered.
VOR waveform synthesis and calibration (1981)

The VHF omnirange radial system (VOR) is used extensively as an aircraft navigational aid, and the need for greater utility of VOR has led to a requirement for greatly improved standards and traceable calibration facilities in this parameter. The paper presents the development and assessment of two standard VOR waveform synthesisers and a VOR waveform decoder. The synthesiser designs use the technique of regeneration of a wave shape which has been ?fixed? by digital methods in an addressable memory. The technique has been refined and brought to a state of high precision. One synthesiser is a complex desk-top computer-controlled system which, as well as being a standard, is excellent for producing imperfect waveforms. The second synthesiser standard is a compact portable unit suitable for field system testing and standards dissemination. The decoder design is based on digital sampling and storage of one cycle of the composite 'audio' waveform: this data is then Fourier transformed and analysed to determine the FM modulation depth and the differential phase of the two 30Hz modulating signals?the VOR bearing angle. The standard synthesiser and decoder standards have demonstrated uncertainties not exceeding ± 0.03° (95% confidence level). An extensive and detailed analysis of the sources of uncertainty is presented, particularly with regard to a 'digital' decoder operating with a signal produced by a 'digital' synthesiser. The uncertainties are tackled on two fronts: first by computer simulation not involving any hardware or genuine data transfer, and secondly by analysing data transferred from synthesiser to decoder. By these means, various sources of uncertainty are identified and assigned. The sensitivity of the detection method to digitisation uncertainties, asynchronism between decoder and generator, anharmonic 9.96
Compact Waste Incinerator Based on Vortex Combustion (1996)

Abstract Active control of fluid dynamics has been used to enhance mixing in incinerator afterburner experiments in order to increase the DRE of a waste surrogate. Experiments were conducted in two stages: a detailed study of the concept of utilizing vortex combustion for incineration in a small scale flame burning gaseous fuel and an extension to a more practical system using liquid fuel with significantly higher heat release. The open loop active control system is based on the concept of combustion in periodic axisymmetric vortices. Acoustic excitation is used to stabilize coherent vortices in the air flow. Acoustic excitation and automotive fuel injectors, were used to control gaseous or liquid fuel injection, respectively, such that the fuel is introduced into the air vortices at the right time during their formation. It is shown that this control methodology leads lo improved waste destruction. A gaseous fueled actively controlled 4.5 kW incinerator was able to surpass 99.997% DRE (destruction and removal efficiency) even when the waste surrogate (gaseous benzene) constituted 66% of the total fuel content. Parameters found critical to maintenance of high DRE in the gaseous fuel/waste tests were the fraction of circumferentially entrained air and the phasing angle of fuel injection with respect to the air vortex roll-up. The control methodologies studied using gaseous fuel and waste were extended to liquid afterburner/incinerator of 56 kW energy release. The DRE for liquid benzene exceeded 99.999% in this system when combustible to air ratio was kept below 0.91. Again, the use of synchronous fuel injection into coherent air vortices was found to be critical to maintaining high DRE. Even more crucial was good atomization of the liquid fuel/waste mixture.
Lifting factorization-based discrete wavelet transform architecture design (2001)

In this paper, two new system architectures, overlap-state sequential and split-and-merge parallel, are proposed based on a novel boundary postprocessing technique for the computation of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The basic idea is to introduce multilevel partial computations for samples near data boundaries based on a finite state machine model of the DWT derived from the lifting scheme. The key observation is that these partially computed (lifted) results can also be stored back to their original locations and the transform can be continued anytime later as long as these partial computed results are preserved. It is shown that such an extension of the in-place calculation feature of the original lifting algorithm greatly helps to reduce the extra buffer and communication overheads, in sequential and parallel system implementations, respectively. Performance analysis and experimental results show that, for the Daubechies (see J.Fourier Anal. Appl., vol.4, no.3, p.247-69, 1998) (9,7) wavelet filters, using the proposed boundary postprocessing technique, the minimal required buffer size in the line-based sequential DWT algorithm is 40% less than the best available approach. In the parallel DWT algorithm we show 30% faster performance than existing approaches.
Unique and Shared Molecular Pathways Driving Acute T-Cell Mediated Rejection or Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection of Human Kidney Allografts Unmasked by Urinary Cell mRNA Profiling (2012)

Introduction: Neither clinical nor biochemical characteristics differentiate acute T-cell mediated rejection (ACR) from acute antibody mediated rejection (AMR) and the invasive kidney allograft biopsy remains the procedure of choice. The pathophysiology of these two major types of acute rejection may involve shared as well as unique molecular pathways and the trafficking of cells to the graft undergoing ACR may be different from those trafficking to the grafts undergoing AMR. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that urinary cell mRNA expression patterns could distinguish ACR from AMR in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A customized and hypothesis based mRNA panel comprised of 26 unique mRNAs encoding immunoregulatory proteins was designed and absolute levels of the 26 mRNAs were measured in urinary cells from 40 kidney allograft recipients whose for-cause biopsies were classified as ACR (n=20) or AMR (n=20). Urine samples were collected at the time of biopsy prior to any treatment. Total RNA was isolated from urinary cells and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Absolute mRNA copy numbers were quantified by a standard curve method with a synthetic amplicon using a pre-amplification enhanced real-time PCR assay developed and validated in our laboratory. Results: Kidney allograft function, evaluated by eGFR, was comparable between ACR and AMR groups at the time of rejection (27.20 ± 12 .10 ml/min.1.73 m2 in ACR group and 31.12 ± 18.07 ml/min.1.73 m2 in AMR group, P=0.42). In support of the notion that unique pathways drive AMR and ACR, we found the levels of 5 of the 26 mRNAs measured (CXCL13, Foxp3, OX40, IL-6 and vimentin) were significantly different between the ACR group and AMR group (Figure 1)[Figure 1]We also found evidence for shared pathogenetic pathways for AMR and ACR; the levels of the 21 of the 26 mRNAs measured were similar between the two groups (Figure 2).[Figure 2]Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that urinary cell mRNA expression profiles distinguish AMR from ACR in patients with no clinically distinguishing characteristics. Furthermore, we found evidence for unique as well as shared pathogenetic pathways despite biopsies being dichotomized histologically as ACR only or AMR only.
Synthesis of secure FPGA implementations (2004)

This paper describes the synthesis of Dynamic Differential Logic to increase the resistance of FPGA implementations against Differential Power Analysis. The synthesis procedure is developed and a detailed description is given of how EDA tools should be used appropriately to implement a secure digital design flow. Compared with an existing technique to implement Dynamic Differential Logic on FPGA, the technique saves a factor 2 in slice utilization. Experimental results also indicate that a secure version of the AES encryption algorithm can now be implemented with a mere 50% increase in time delay and 90% increase in slice utilization when compared with a normal non-secure single ended implementation.
A Next Generation Bivalent Human Ad5 COVID-19 Vaccine Delivering Both Spike and Nucleocapsid Antigens Elicits Th1 Dominant CD4+, CD8+ T-cell and Neutralizing Antibody Responses (2020)

ABSTRACT In response to the health crisis presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, rapid development of safe and effective vaccines that elicit durable immune responses is imperative. Recent reports have raised the concern that antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent patients may not be long lasting and thus even these individuals may require vaccination. Vaccine candidates currently in clinical testing have focused on the SARS-CoV-2 wild type spike (S) protein (S-WT) as the major antigen of choice and while pre-clinical and early clinical testing have shown that S elicits an antibody response, we believe the optimal vaccine candidate should be capable of inducing robust, durable T-cell responses as well as humoral responses. We report here on a next generation bivalent human adenovirus serotype 5 (hAd5) vaccine capable of inducing immunity in patients with pre-existing adenovirus immunity, comprising both an S sequence optimized for cell surface expression (S-Fusion) and a conserved nucleocapsid (N) antigen designed to be transported to the endosomal subcellular compartment, with the potential to generate durable immune protection. Our studies suggest that this bivalent vaccine is optimized for immunogenicity as evidenced by the following findings: (i) The optimized S-Fusion displayed improved S receptor binding domain (RBD) cell surface expression compared to S-WT where little surface expression was detected; (ii) the expressed RBD from S-Fusion retained conformational integrity and recognition by ACE2-Fc; (iii) the viral N protein modified with an enhanced T-cell stimulation domain (ETSD) localized to endosomal/lysosomal subcellular compartments for MHC I/II presentation; and (iv) these optimizations to S and N (S-Fusion and N-ETSD) generated enhanced de novo antigen-specific B cell and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in antigen-naive pre-clinical models. Both the T-cell and antibody immune responses to S and N demonstrated a T-helper 1 (Th1) bias. The antibody responses were neutralizing as demonstrated by two independent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays. Based on these findings, we are advancing this next generation bivalent hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD vaccine as our lead clinical candidate to test for its ability to provide robust, durable cell-mediated and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are ongoing to explore utilizing this vaccine construct in oral, intranasal, and sublingual formulations to induce mucosal immunity in addition to cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The ultimate goal of an ideal COVID-19 vaccine is to generate long-term T and B cell memory.
Synthesis and properties of some new fluorine-containing polyimides (1992)

Polyimides from 4,4′-hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride and fluorine-containing diamines varying in structure have been prepared in order to study the effect of different fluorinated segments upon the dielectric constant. The thermal and electrical properties of the new polymers are discussed. The effect of fluorine substitution on the dielectric constant of the polyimides has been demonstrated for a broad spectrum of fluorine-containing diamine structures.
A single-beam photothermal interferometer for in-situ measurements of aerosol light absorption (2020)

Abstract. We have developed a novel single-beam photothermal interferometer and present here its application for the measurement of aerosol light absorption. The use of only a single laser beam allows for a compact optical set up and significantly easier alignment compared to standard dual-beam photothermal interferometers, making it ideal for field measurements. Due to a unique configuration of the reference interferometer arm, light absorption by aerosols can be determined directly even in the presence of light absorbing gases. The instrument can be calibrated directly with light absorbing gases, such as NO2, and can be used to calibrate other light absorption instruments. The detection limits (1σ) for absorption for ten and sixty second averaging times were determined to be 14.6 Mm−1 and 7.4 Mm−1, respectively, which for a mass absorption cross-section of 10 m2 g−1 leads to equivalent black carbon concentration detection limits of 1460 ng m−3 and 740 ng m−3, respectively. The detection limit could be reduced further by improvements to the isolation of the instrument and the signal detection and processing schemes employed.
Chimeric Thermostable DNA Polymerases with Reverse Transcriptase and Attenuated 3‘−5‘ Exonuclease Activity (2006)

The synthesis of accurate, full-length cDNA from low-abundance RNA and the subsequent PCR amplification under conditions which provide amplicon that contains minimal mutations remain a difficult molecular biological process. Many of the challenges associated with performing sensitive, long RT/PCR have been alleviated by using a mixture of DNA polymerases. These mixtures have typically contained a DNA polymerase devoid of 3'-5' exonuclease, or "proofreading", activity blended with a small amount of an Archaea DNA polymerase possessing 3'-5' exonuclease activity, since reverse transcriptases lack 3'-5' exonuclease activity and generally have low fidelity. To create a DNA polymerase with efficient reverse transcriptase and 3'-5' exonuclease activity, a family of mutant DNA polymerases with a range of attenuated 3'-5' exonuclease activities was constructed from a chimeric DNA polymerase derived from Thermus species Z05 and Thermotoga maritima DNA polymerases. These "designer" DNA polymerases were fashioned using structure-based tools to identify amino acid residues involved in the substrate-binding site of the exonuclease domain of a thermostable DNA polymerase. Mutation of some of these residues resulted in proteins in which DNA polymerase activity was unaffected, while proofreading activity ranged from 60% of the wild-type level to undetectable levels. Kinetic characterization of the exonuclease activity indicated that the mutations affected catalysis much more than binding. On the basis of their specificity constants (kcat/KM), the mutant enzymes have a 5-15-fold stronger preference for a double-stranded mismatched substrate over a single-stranded substrate than the wild-type DNA polymerase, a desirable attribute for RT/PCR. The utility of these enzymes was evaluated in a RT/PCR assay to generate a 1.7 kb amplicon from HIV-1 RNA.
Noninvasive Monitoring of Metabolism and Hemodynamics Using Super-Continuum Infrared Spectroscopy of a Cytochrome C Oxidase (SCISCCO) Instrument (2022)

We present a novel, noninvasive, super-continuum infrared spectroscopy of cytochrome c oxidase (SCISCCO) system for simultaneously measuring hemodynamic and metabolic parameters, and we demonstrate its utility by applying it to lab calibration tests, human studies, and swine animal studies. The system optically assays the redox state of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), as well as traditional markers including oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin. To demonstrate in vivo feasibility, the measured responses of oxygenation and CCO responses to acute ischemia on the arm and forehead in human participants are compared to data from the literature. The validated SCISCCO system is then applied in human studies to measure cerebral oxygenation and the redox state of CCO in participants during an attention test protocol. We show that the redox state of CCO and hemodynamics measured by the SCISCCO system are consistent with the physiological hypothesis established in prior studies. To enable use of the SCISCCO system in laboratory and hospital settings as well as transportation to remote locations, a cart-based SCISCCO prototype system has also been developed. The cart-based SCISCCO prototype is applied to swine animal models undergoing induction of hemorrhagic shock followed by partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (pREBOA). The pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using the SCISCCO instrument within the context of existing protocols and validates the instrument’s measurements against the physiological and hemodynamic parameters measured by other conventional devices.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–cellulose nanofibril (CNF)–multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid organic aerogels with superior mechanical properties (2013)

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–cellulose nanofibril (CNF)–multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid organic aerogels were prepared using an environmentally friendly freeze-drying process with renewable materials. The material properties of these “green” hybrid aerogels were characterized extensively using various techniques. It was found that adding a small amount of CNFs and MWCNTs increased the mechanical properties of the PVA aerogels drastically. The mechanical properties of the hybrid aerogels showed an exponential dependency on the relative aerogel densities. These low-density hybrid aerogels also exhibited very low thermal conductivities and high surface areas, thereby making them potentially useful for many applications including thermal insulation and structural components.
New Dendrimers: Synthesis and Characterization of POPAM−PAMAM Hybrid Dendrimers (2008)

Recently developed multifunctional cancer therapeutic nano-device production is based on poly(amidoamine) PAMAM generation 5 (G5) dendrimer as a carrier 1-5. Scale up synthesis of this nano-device is limited because of long reaction sequence (12 reaction steps) and long and not easy work up of the products after each reaction step. Combination of poly(propyle-imine) and poly(amidoamine) synthesis can improve the production of the drug carrier.In this paper we give a general overview of the synthesis and characterization of a series of novel hybrid dendrimers which we coined as novel POMAM hybrid dendrimers, constructed from poly(propylene-imine) (PPI or POPAM) core and poly(amidoamine) PAMAM shells. The synthesis was accomplished by a divergent reiterating method involving repeating subsequent Michael addition and amidation reactions. Each generation of the newly synthesized dendrimer was characterized by using HPLC, GPC, NMR and AFM.
Biological nitrate removal for marine recirculating aquaculture system (2014)

<abstract> <bold>Abstract.</bold> The application of biological nitrate removal by denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) was tested to eliminate accumulated nitrate in land-based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Anaerobic solid digestion was incorporated at the upstream of nitrate removing bioreactor to create anoxic condition by organic solid decomposition depleting oxygen. Within the 4 hr of hydraulic retention time (HRT) for solid digestion, dissolved oxygen (DO) in wastewater was lowered from approx. 5 mg/L down to 0 mg/L. Conditioned wastewater was fed to an up-flow moving bed reactor for nitrate removal. Soluble carbon compounds (i.e., carbohydrates, organic alcohols, and fatty acids) produced by polymer degradation resulted in maintaining the optimal C/N ratio (3/1) for heterotrophic denitrification. Therefore, application of solid digestion reduced the operational costs of nitrate removal by diminishing the requirement of external carbon supply. Marine anammox bacteria, the group of Planctomycetes spp., were also identified in the nitrate removing bioreactor converting ammonia and nitrite directly to nitrogen gas autotrophically. Redox potential of denitrification-anammox (denammox) reactor was monitored and maintained between +50 mV to -50 mV by supplemental flow of oxic system water to provide denitrifyers and anammox the optimal condition that nitrate is selectively used as an electron acceptor. Sequential anaerobic reactors side loop resulted in effective removal of nitrate that reduced system discharge down to <0.05% of system volume during 8 month of growout cycles of warm water marine fish, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A comprehensive MiSeq 16S metagenomics analyses also revealed the microbial ecology of marine nitrate removing bioreactor.
Energy-efficient space-time optical interconnection architectures for data centers (2013)

This paper considers a space-time interconnection architecture (STIA) based on optical devices, and proposes its introduction in data center networks. The space switch used by STIA is assumed to be based on Benes architecture and realized with energy-proportional utilization of the semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). A STIA-based network is designed for data centers using folded Clos and butterfly topologies, and optimized for power efficiency. Results show that large size STIAs are an energy-efficient solution and allow a power reduction around an order of magnitude with respect to Ethernet.