gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid‐crystal‐modulated photoluminescent displays (PLLCDs) (1998)

Abstract— A simple but novel display architecture is presented which may have far‐reaching implications for the next generation of emissive LCDs. Liquid‐crystal modulators were used to control the amount of activating light falling upon a front‐face photoluminescent phosphor screen, resulting in unlimited viewing angle and efficient production of color. This paper explores the potential for such displays and demonstrates the increased performance obtained by operating a TN device in a photoluminescent LCD architecture.
Using TCP rate control for queue input‐output rate matching (2002)

Abstract In explicit TCP rate control, the receiver's advertised window size in acknowledgment (ACK) packets can be modified by intermediate network elements to reflect network congestion conditions. The TCP receiver's advertised window (i.e. the receive buffer of a TCP connection) limits the maximum window and consequently the throughput that can be achieved by the sender. Appropriate reduction of the advertised window can control the number of packets allowed to be sent from a TCP source. This paper evaluates the performance of a TCP rate control scheme in which the receiver's advertised window size in ACK packets are modified in a network node in order to match the generated load to the assigned bandwidth in the node. Using simulation and performance metrics such as the packet loss rates and the cumulative number of TCP timeouts, we examine the service improvement provided by the TCP rate control scheme to the users. The modified advertised windows computed in the network elements and the link utilization are also examined. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Real-Time Decision Support System for High Cost Oil-Well Drilling Operations (2012)

   In this paper we present DrillEdge - a commercial and award winning software system that monitors oil-well drilling operations in order to reduce non-productive time (NPT). DrillEdge utilizes case-based reasoning with temporal representations on streaming real-time data, pattern matching and agent systems to predict problems and give advice on how to mitigate the problems. The methods utilized, the architecture, the GUI and development cost in addition to two case studies are documented.
High-power λ≈8 μm quantum cascade lasers with near optimum performance (1998)

Quantum cascade (QC) lasers emitting at λ≈8 μm with a power performance equal to short-wavelength (λ≈5 μm) QC lasers are reported. The device improvement is mainly achieved by a design of the injector/relaxation region, which at laser threshold allows resonant carrier injection between the ground state of the preceding and the upper laser level of the subsequent active region. In pulsed operation a peak output power of 1.3 W per facet has been measured at 100 K. At room temperature a record peak power of 325 mW and a record slope efficiency of 180 mW/A have been measured. In continuous-wave operation the maximum power at 30 K was 510 mW per facet and still 200 mW per facet at 80 K. The high values of the output power and slope efficiency demonstrate the validity of the cascading scheme, in which electrons above threshold generate one photon per each active region they successively traverse.
Discovery of Substituted <i>N</i>-Phenyl Nicotinamides as Potent Inducers of Apoptosis Using a Cell- and Caspase-Based High Throughput Screening Assay (2003)

By applying a novel cell- and caspase-based HTS assay, a series of N-phenyl nicotinamides has been identified as a new class of potent inducers of apoptosis. Through SAR studies, a 20-fold increase in potency was achieved from a screening hit N-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (1) to lead compound 6-methyl-N-(4-ethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (10), with an EC(50) of 0.082 microM in the caspase activation assay in T47D breast cancer cells. The N-phenyl nicotinamides also were found to be active in the growth inhibition assay where compound 10 had a GI(50) value of 0.21 microM in T47D cells. More importantly, compound 10 was found to be equipotent in MES-SA cells and paclitaxel-resistant, p-glycoprotein overexpressed MES-SA/DX5 cells. Compounds 1 and 6-chloro-N-(4-ethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (8), a more potent analogue, were found to arrest T47D cells in G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle followed by induction of apoptosis as measured by flow cytometry. Compound 8, which was more potent than 1 in the caspase activation assay, also was found to be more potent in G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis assay. These data confirm that the cell-based caspase activation assay is useful for screening for inducers of apoptosis, as well as for SAR studies and lead optimization. Upon further characterization, N-phenyl nicotinamides were found to be inhibitors of microtubule polymerization in vitro. The identification of N-phenyl nicotinamides as a novel series of inducers of apoptosis demonstrates that our cell- and caspase-based HTS assay is useful for the discovery and optimization of potentially novel anticancer agents.
Evidential reconstruction of vessel trees from rotational angiograms (2002)

The 3 dimensional reconstruction of vessel trees from rotational digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) sequences has many potential clinical applications. Unfortunately, due to physiological and machine limitations, it is impossible to keep the vessels saturated with contrast material over the time period needed to acquire the DSA sequence using conventional equipment. Thus, it is important that any reconstruction method be able to account for the dynamics of the contrast bolus as it evolves over the DSA sequence. This report describes a method for reconstructing the geometry of the vessel tree from a rotational DSA sequence. The goal of the process is to estimate the likelihood that each voxel contains a vessel using the projection data. The Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence is used to combine information about location of the vessels from the different projections contained in the DSA sequence.
A Dry-Borohydride/Injected-Hydrogen-Peroxide Fuel Cell (2010)

The design and testing of a 20-W (average power with short pulses to 45W) prototype fuel cell is presented. This cell is intended as an auxiliary power supply for a small robotic vehicle. The energy density exceeds 300 Watt-hour/kg. This cell is essentially a dry-borohydride/injected-hydrogen-peroxide fuel cell. This enables extremely long shelf life prior to use. The anode utilizes dry NaBH4 for storage while the cathode chamber is empty during storage. The initiation of cell operation is done by injection of the oxidizer, an aqueous H2O2 solution (stored in a separate container) to the cathode side of the fuel cell. The ionic conduction required for membrane operation is initially helped by the H2O content from the H2O2 solution. Once the electrochemical reaction starts, more water is generated as the reaction product and this continues to maintain a good ionic conductance over the run time of the cell. Continued operation is done with auxiliary fuel tanks to maintain very long run time when required. Once a run is over, the cell can be drain, flushed clean and returned to storage waiting for the next mission. The experimental details of such a cell stack are described in this paper.
Widely tunable parametric oscillator for high-resolution spectroscopy (1998)

Summary form only given. Continuous-wave singly resonant optical parametric oscillators (SROs) based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) are attractive sources of widely tunable radiation. Output powers of several watts and tuning over the IR spectral range has been achieved with a multiaxial Nd:YAG pump laser. More recently, single frequency operation of PPLN SROs has been shown using single-frequency Nd:YAG lasers and enhancing the pump power resonantly. In this work, we report long-term stable single frequency emission over the IR spectral region and demonstrate the applicability of our source to molecular spectroscopy experiments.
A Performance-Enhancing Additive for Vapor-Compression Heat Pumps: Additional Test Results (1998)

This paper describes test results of vapor-compression heat pumps operating with a performanceenhancing additive that increases the effective latent heat of vaporization of the working fluid.A previous paper presented test results for a system operating with HFC-134a refrigerant, polyol ester (POE) lubricant, and a scroll compressor.Those results showed that use of the additive resulted in increased COPe compared to tests without the additive.This paper presents additional test results with other compressor types, refrigerant types, and lubricants.The effect of different additive concentrations on various system performance parameters were examined.Various heat source and heat sink conditions, simulating air-conditioning conditions, were investigated.The results of compressor life tests to investigate the effect of tetraglyme on compressor life and wear are also discussed.
Expandable Polymer Assisted Wearable Personalized Medicinal Platform (2020)

Abstract Conventional healthcare, thoughts of treatment, and practice of medicine largely rely on the traditional concept of one size fits all. Personalized medicine is an emerging therapeutic approach that aims to develop a therapeutic technique that provides tailor‐made therapy based on everyone’s individual needs by delivering the right drug at the right time with the right amount of dosage. Advancement in technologies such as wearable biosensors, point‐of‐care diagnostics, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence can enable the realization of effective personalized therapy. However, currently, there is a lack of a personalized minimally invasive wearable closed‐loop drug delivery system that is continuous, automated, conformal to the skin, and cost‐effective. Here, design, fabrication, optimization, and application of a personalized medicinal platform augmented with flexible biosensors, heaters, expandable actuator and processing units powered by a lightweight battery are shown. The platform provides precise drug delivery and preparation with spatiotemporal control over the administered dose as a response to real‐time physiological changes of the individual. The system is conformal to the skin, and the drug is transdermally administered through an integrated microneedle. The developed platform is fabricated using rapid, cost‐effective techniques that are independent of advanced microfabrication facilities to expand its applications to low‐resource environments.
Software Defined Satellite Networks (2014)

Software Defined Satellite Network (SDSN), similar to SDN [1], decouples data plane functions from control plane functions. SDSN benefits from logically centralized network state knowledge and decision making that enables optimal resource allocations for dynamic packet processing and transmission. An SDSN network node uses forwarding tables configured by a centralized system controller to govern packet routing with embedded Layer 2 switch without requiring elaborate Layer 3 control plane software implementation in every satellite node. Besides upper layer packet queuing and switching, SDSNs also involve radio transmission links and encompass associated modulation, coding, and resource allocation functions with dynamic control. SDSN architectural concepts can be illustrated with the SPACEWAY system which uses a GEO satellite comprising Ka band spot beams and a 10 Gbps packet processing switch. The onboard switching function is orchestrated by a ground-based system controller, with centralized support for addressing, routing, and packet flow management. The SDSN building blocks and performance objectives can be extended to address inter-satellite packet routing using a constellation of satellites with inter-satellite links and enhanced routing and resource management function at the controller. Besides GEO, LEO, and MEO satellites the SDSN architecture and techniques for addressing, routing, QoS, traffic engineering, and resource management can also be utilized for aerial and high altitude networking platforms.
Microstrip gas chambers on glass and ceramic substrates (1994)

We report developments of microstrip gas chambers (MSGC) fabricated on glass and ceramic substrates with various resistivities. Low resistivity of the substrate is found to be critical for achieving stable operation of microstrip gas chambers. The microstrip pattern consists of 10 /spl mu/m wide anodes and 90 /spl mu/m wide cathodes with a 200 /spl mu/m anode-to-anode pitch. High-quality microstrips are fabricated using the dry etch after UV-photolithography. Our chambers are tested in an Ar(90)-CH/sub 4/(10) gas mixture at atmospheric pressure with a 100 /spl mu/Ci /sup 55/Fe source. An energy resolution (FWHM) of 15% has been achieved for 6 keV soft X-rays. At a rate of 5/spl times/10/sup 4/ photons/sec/mm/sup 2/, gas gains are stable within a few percent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control of electro-rheological fluid based resistive torque elements for use in active rehabilitation devices (2007)

In this paper we present control algorithms for novel electro-rheological fluid based resistive torque generation elements that will be used to drive the joint of a new type of portable and controllable active knee rehabilitation orthotic device (AKROD) for iso-inertial, isokinetic, and isometric exercising as well as gait retraining. The AKROD is composed of straps and rigid components for attachment to the leg, with a central hinge mechanism where a gear system is connected. The key features of AKROD include: a compact, lightweight design with highly tunable torque capabilities through a variable damper component, full portability with on-board power, control circuitry, and sensors (encoder and torque), and real-time capabilities for closed loop computer control for optimizing gait retraining. The variable damper component is achieved through an electro-rheological fluid (ERF) element that connects to the output of the gear system. Using the electrically controlled rheological properties of ERFs, compact brakes capable of supplying high resistive and controllable torques are developed. In this project, a prototype for the AKROD has been developed and tested. The AKROD's ERF resistive actuator was tested in laboratory experiments using a custom-made ERF testing apparatus (ETA). ETA provides a computer-controlled environment to test ERF brakes and actuators in various conditions and scenarios including emulating the interaction between human muscles involved with the knee and the AKROD's ERF actuators/brakes. The AKROD's ERF resistive actuator was tested in closed loop torque control experiments. A hybrid (non-linear, adaptive) proportional-integral (PI) torque controller was implemented to achieve this goal.
Rate-based proportional–integral control scheme for active queue management (2006)

Most high-speed links do not have adequate buffering and as a result Active Queue Management (AQM) schemes that utilize queue size information for congestion control cannot be effectively applied on these links. A high-speed link will, typically, have small buffers in relation to the bandwidth-delay product of the link. In this paper we argue that rate-based AQM schemes be used for such links. The goal here is to match the aggregate rate of the active TCP connections to the available capacity while maintaining minimal queue size and high link utilization. The AQM scheme described here employs a Proportional–Integral (PI) control strategy and explicitly takes into account the time delay in the control process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theory of the Stochastic Resonance Effect in Signal Detection: Part I—Fixed Detectors (2007)

This paper develops the mathematical framework to analyze the stochastic resonance (SR) effect in binary hypothesis testing problems. The mechanism for SR noise enhanced signal detection is explored. The detection performance of a noise modified detector is derived in terms of the probability of detection P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> and the probability of false alarm P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FA.</sub> Furthermore, sufficient conditions are established to determine the improvability of a fixed detector using SR. The form of the optimal noise pdf is determined and the optimal stochastic resonance noise pdf which renders the maximum P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> without increasing P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FA</sub> is derived. Finally, an illustrative example is presented where performance comparisons are made between detectors where the optimal stochastic resonance noise, as well as Gaussian, uniform, and optimal symmetric noises are applied to enhance detection performance.
Antibody-mediated neutralization of Sema4D reduces tumor angiogenesis and growth in vivo. (2010)

e13154 Background: It has been demonstrated that semaphorin 4D (Sema4D; CD100) is a potent pro-angiogenic molecule. Sema4D binding to its receptor plexin-B1 (Plex-B1) on endothelial cells transactivates c-Met and promotes formation of new blood vessels and tumor growth in vivo. Sema4D is overexpressed in a wide array of tumor types, and is also produced by inflammatory cells present in the tumor microenvironment. It has recently been demonstrated that in an environment lacking Sema4D, the ability of mouse breast cancer cells to originate tumor masses and metastases is severely impaired, and that Sema4D produced by tumor-associated macrophages is required for tumor angiogenesis and growth. In addition to its effects on endothelial cells, Sema4D binding to Plex-B1 on tumor cells results in c-Met transactivation and migration of tumor cells. It has been further reported that overexpression of Plex-B1 and Met in breast and ovarian cancers is a negative prognostic factor. Tumors coexpressing Plex-B1 and Met were characterized by worse grading and a higher incidence of lymph node metastases. Collectively, these results suggest that expression of Sema4D, either by tumor cells or by tumor associated macrophages, may represent a widely used strategy by tumors to induce angiogenesis and that expression of the Sema4D receptor in tumors may further induce tumor invasion, thereby enhancing their growth, survival, and metastatic potential. Antibody neutralization of Sema4D (CD100) thus may represent a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Methods: We selected a high affinity human IgG4 antibody that is specific for both mouse and human Sema4D, and utilized several in vitro functional assays to demonstrate that this antibody blocks Sema4D – Plex-B1 interactions. Results: Using both transplanted and orthotopic tumor models we demonstrated that antibody mediated Sema4D neutralization in vivo inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Conclusions: This human antibody is currently in IND-directed toxicology testing and we anticipate the initiation of human clinical studies in 2H 2010. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Vaccinex, Inc. Vaccinex, Inc.
Decoupled compressed cache (2013)

In multicore processor systems, last-level caches (LLCs) play a crucial role in reducing system energy by i) filtering out expensive accesses to main memory and ii) reducing the time spent executing in high-power states. Cache compression can increase effective cache capacity and reduce misses, improve performance, and potentially reduce system energy. However, previous compressed cache designs have demonstrated only limited benefits due to internal fragmentation and limited tags.
Probabilistic Neural Architecture Search (2019)

In neural architecture search (NAS), the space of neural network architectures is automatically explored to maximize predictive accuracy for a given task. Despite the success of recent approaches, most existing methods cannot be directly applied to large scale problems because of their prohibitive computational complexity or high memory usage. In this work, we propose a Probabilistic approach to neural ARchitecture SEarCh (PARSEC) that drastically reduces memory requirements while maintaining state-of-the-art computational complexity, making it possible to directly search over more complex architectures and larger datasets. Our approach only requires as much memory as is needed to train a single architecture from our search space. This is due to a memory-efficient sampling procedure wherein we learn a probability distribution over high-performing neural network architectures. Importantly, this framework enables us to transfer the distribution of architectures learnt on smaller problems to larger ones, further reducing the computational cost. We showcase the advantages of our approach in applications to CIFAR-10 and ImageNet, where our approach outperforms methods with double its computational cost and matches the performance of methods with costs that are three orders of magnitude larger.
Optimized video coding for omnidirectional videos (2017)

The ever widening application of virtual reality requires the ultra high resolution omnidirectional videos (OVs) to be transmitted over the wired and wireless Internet at low cost (i.e. bitrate). Various solutions have been proposed to intelligently reduce the bitrate, e.g. adapting the spatial resolution of the video for different directions of the panorama with regard to current direction that the viewer is looking at and the distribution of the probability of each direction to be watched according to the video content. Due to various reasons, spatial resolution adaptation may often cause perceivable quality degradation to user experience. In this paper, we proposed two adaptive encoding techniques to reduce the bitrate of OVs after compression. The first is a content adaptive temporal resolution adaptation scheme for OVs using cube map projection. The second is a quantization and rate-distortion optimization scheme for equirectangular projection. Experiments implementing the proposed algorithms in the open source HEVC encoder x265 show that the proposed algorithms can save 14.69% and 13.01% in BD-rate on average for the cube map and equirectangular projected OVs respectively, while no degradation to the visual experience was reported in subjective tests. The proposed algorithms are compatible with and therefore can collaborate with the currently used adaptive spatial resolution scheme for further bitrate reduction.