gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mask contribution to intra-field wafer overlay (2014)

Shrinking wafer overlay budgets raise the importance of careful characterization and control of the contributing components, a trend accelerated by multi-patterning immersion lithography [1]. Traditionally, the mask contribution to wafer overlay has been estimated from measurement of a relatively small number of standard targets. There are a number of studies on test masks and standard targets of the impact of mask registration on wafer overlay [2],[3]. In this paper, we show the value of a more comprehensive characterization of mask registration on a product mask, across a wide range of spatial frequencies and patterns. The mask measurements will be used to obtain an accurate model to predict mask contribution to wafer overlay and correct for it.
Ester-Based Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Li-Ion Cells (2005)

Electrolytes comprising LiPF6 dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 M in five different solvent mixtures of alkyl carbonates have been found to afford improved performance in rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells at temperatures as low as -70 C. These and other electrolytes have been investigated in continuing research directed toward extending the lower limit of practical operating temperatures of Li-ion cells. This research at earlier stages, and the underlying physical and chemical principles, were reported in numerous previous NASA Tech Briefs articles, the most recent being Low-EC-Content Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Li-Ion Cells (NPO-30226), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 27, No. 1 (January 2003), page 46. The ingredients of the present solvent mixtures are ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl butyrate (MB), methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), ethyl butyrate (EB), and ethyl valerate (EV). In terms of volume proportions of these ingredients, the present solvent mixtures are 1EC + 1EMC + 8MB, 1EC + 1EMC + 8EB, 1EC + 1EMC + 8MP, 1EC + 1EMC + 8EV, and 1EC + 9EMC. These electrolytes were placed in Liion cells containing carbon anodes and LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathodes, and the low-temperature electrical performances of the cells were measured. The cells containing the MB and MP mixtures performed best.
Generation of 49-fs pulses directly from distributed Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator (2015)

The concept of distributed Kerr-lens mode-locking and a thin-disk Yb:YAG oscillator based on this concept are presented. The described oscillator directly generates pulses with a duration of 49 fs and spectral width of 33 nm.
Optimus (2013)

In distributed data-parallel computing, a user program is compiled into an execution plan graph (EPG), typically a directed acyclic graph. This EPG is the core data structure used by modern distributed execution engines for task distribution, job management, and fault tolerance. Once submitted for execution, the EPG remains largely unchanged at runtime except for some limited modifications. This makes it difficult to employ dynamic optimization techniques that could substantially improve the distributed execution based on runtime information.
Cyclodextrin-Containing Polymer Delivery System for Light-Directed siRNA Gene Silencing (2010)

In this study, we have investigated the possibility of combining a cyclodextrin-containing polymer (CDP) with siRNA molecules to modulate gene expression in a light-directed manner through photochemical internalization (PCI) technology. We utilized S100A4 as a model gene to evaluate the efficacy of gene silencing. After optimization of carrier/cargo ratio and illumination dose, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction data showed between 80% and 90% silencing in the siRNA samples treated with PCI compared with untreated control. In contrast, only a 0%-10% silencing effect was detected in the siRNA samples without PCI treatment, demonstrating the potency of light-specific delivery of siRNA molecules. Light-directed siRNA delivery was shown in 2 different cell lines with corresponding potency. Further, time-lapse results demonstrated maximum gene silencing only at 5 hours after endosomal release, implying, for example, rapid carrier decondensation when using the CDP. This work represents a first success in using a CDP delivery agent, without endosomolytic properties for siRNA gene silencing in a light-directed manner, opening the opportunity to use CDPs for light-directed siRNA gene silencing in vivo.
Query-level stability and generalization in learning to rank (2008)

This paper is concerned with the generalization ability of learning to rank algorithms for information retrieval (IR). We point out that the key for addressing the learning problem is to look at it from the viewpoint of query. We define a number of new concepts, including query-level loss, query-level risk, and query-level stability. We then analyze the generalization ability of learning to rank algorithms by giving query-level generalization bounds to them using query-level stability as a tool. Such an analysis is very helpful for us to derive more advanced algorithms for IR. We apply the proposed theory to the existing algorithms of Ranking SVM and IRSVM. Experimental results on the two algorithms verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Enhanced electron capture and symmetrized carrier distribution in GaInN light-emitting diodes having tailored barrier doping (2010)

The confinement of electrons to the active region of GaInN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is limited by the (i) inefficient electron capture into polar quantum wells, (ii) electron-attracting properties of electron-blocking layers (EBL), (iii) asymmetry in electron and hole transport, and (iv) unfavorable p-doping in the EBL for high Al content. To counteract these mechanisms, we employ tailored Si-doping in the quantum barriers (QBs). Experiments show a 37.5% enhancement in light-output power at high currents of one-QB-doped LEDs over all-QB-doped LEDs. These results are consistent with simulations showing that QB doping can be used to symmetrize the electron and hole distribution.
Characterization of Particle Flow in a Free-Falling Solar Particle Receiver (2016)

Falling particle receivers are being evaluated as an alternative to conventional fluid-based solar receivers to enable higher temperatures and higher efficiency power cycles with direct storage for concentrating solar power (CSP) applications. This paper presents studies of the particle mass flow rate, velocity, particle-curtain opacity and density, and other characteristics of free-falling ceramic particles as a function of different discharge slot apertures. The methods to characterize the particle flow are described, and results are compared to theoretical and numerical models for unheated conditions. Results showed that the particle velocities within the first 2 m of release closely match predictions of free-falling particles without drag due to the significant amount of air entrained within the particle curtain, which reduced drag. The measured particle-curtain thickness (∼2 cm) was greater than numerical simulations, likely due to additional convective air currents or particle–particle interactions neglected in the model. The measured and predicted particle volume fraction in the curtain decreased rapidly from a theoretical value of 60% at the release point to less than 10% within 0.5 m of drop distance. Measured particle-curtain opacities (0.5–1) using a new photographic method that can capture the entire particle curtain were shown to match well with discrete measurements from a conventional lux meter.
Empirical privilege profiling (2005)

The well-known Principle of Least Privilege states that a program should run with the minimal authority that it requires to get the job done, and no more. However, application of the principle has been left to software developers, developers of installation procedures, and system administrators with few tools to assist them. How much privilege does a given program need? How do you know if you write a program that uses too much privilege or install a program with too little? Empirical privilege profiling provides a partial answer to this question by tracking a program's actual use of resources, which can be used as a guide during program development and installation, as well as for detecting intrusions and providing assurance for mobile code. In this paper, we introduce the concept of dealing with privilege as a measurable quantity, rather than in terms of a "rule of thumb."
Polarimetric wavelet fractal remote sensing principles for space materials (2012)

A new remote sensing approach based on polarimetric wavelet fractal detection principles is introduced and the Mueller matrix formalism is defined, aimed at enhancing the detection, identification, characterization, and discrimination of unresolved space objects at different aspect angles. The design principles of a multifunctional liquid crystal monostatic polarimetric ladar are introduced and related to operating conditions and system performance metrics. Backscattered polarimetric signal contributions from different space materials were detected using a laboratory ladar testbed, and then analyzed using techniques based on wavelets and fractals. The depolarization, diattenuation, and retardance of the materials were estimated using Mueller matrix decomposition for different aspect angles. The outcome of this study indicates that polarimetric fractal wavelet principles may enhance the capabilities of the ladar to provide characterization and discrimination of unresolved space objects.
Producing Highly Charged Ions without Solvent Using Laserspray Ionization: A Total Solvent-Free Analysis Approach at Atmospheric Pressure (2011)

First examples of highly charged ions in mass spectrometry (MS) produced from the solid state without using solvent during either sample preparation or mass measurement are reported. Matrix material, matrix/analyte homogenization time and frequency, atmospheric pressure (AP) to vacuum inlet temperature, and mass analyzer ion trap conditions are factors that influence the abundance of the highly charged ions created by laserspray ionization (LSI). LSI, like matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), uses laser ablation of a matrix/analyte mixture from a surface to produce ions. Preparing the matrix/analyte sample without the use of solvent provides the ability to perform total solvent-free analysis (TSA) consisting of solvent-free ionization and solvent-free gas-phase separation using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) MS. Peptides and small proteins such as non-β-amyloid components of Alzheimer's disease and bovine insulin are examples in which LSI and TSA were combined to produce multiply charged ions, similar to electrospray ionization, but without the use of solvent. Advantages using solvent-free LSI and IMS-MS include simplicity, rapid data acquisition, reduction of sample complexity, and the potential for an enhanced effective dynamic range. This is achieved by more inclusive ionization and improved separation of mixture components as a result of multiple charging.
Method and apparatus for converting tube waves to body waves for seismic exploration (1991)

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High‐Throughput Label‐Free Enzymatic Assays Using Desorption Electrospray‐Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2020)

Abstract High‐throughput (HT) enzymatic assays, which typically rely on labeled compounds and plate readers, are important for drug discovery. Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an alternative method of performing HT label‐free assays. Here we demonstrate the use of a HT platform based on desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS for the label‐free study of enzymatic reactions directly from the bioassay matrix with an effective analysis time of 0.3 s per sample. This system allows for thorough analysis of the enzymatic process through monitoring of its substrate and product after an external calibration. We show the platform capabilities by an in‐depth study of the acetylcholinesterase assay, including kinetic parameter determination, rapid inhibitor screening, and further characterization of positive hits (that is, IC 50 and K i ), as well as inhibition–reactivation assays. We anticipate that the expansion of this platform has high potential impact in label‐free enzymology as well as in drug discovery.
Ultrasonic Array Sensor For Indoor Presence Detection (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Computing with a difference neuron (1992)

The need for efficient implementation of neural networks in silicon is used to motivate the investigation of alternatives to the McCulloch-Pitts neuron; in particular, one which computes the norm of a difference rather than an inner product. Earlier work is reviewed briefly and formal relationships between the two types are provided. The two types are shown to be equivalent under certain circumstances. Hopfield-like networks and multilayer feedforward networks of the difference neuron are simulated and analysed by comparing them to conventional types. Outside the domain of equivalence, the difference networks are found to perform less well than networks of identical architecture but which incorporate the McCulloch-Pitts neuron.
Transcription factors ETS2 and MESP1 transdifferentiate human dermal fibroblasts into cardiac progenitors (2012)

Unique insights for the reprograming of cell lineages have come from embryonic development in the ascidian Ciona, which is dependent upon the transcription factors Ci-ets1/2 and Ci-mesp to generate cardiac progenitors. We tested the idea that mammalian v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (ETS2) and mesoderm posterior (MESP) homolog may be used to convert human dermal fibroblasts into cardiac progenitors. Here we show that murine ETS2 has a critical role in directing cardiac progenitors during cardiopoiesis in embryonic stem cells. We then use lentivirus-mediated forced expression of human ETS2 to convert normal human dermal fibroblasts into replicative cells expressing the cardiac mesoderm marker KDR(+). However, although neither ETS2 nor the purported cardiac master regulator MESP1 can by themselves generate cardiac progenitors de novo from fibroblasts, forced coexpression of ETS2 and MESP1 or cell treatment with purified proteins reprograms fibroblasts into cardiac progenitors, as shown by the de novo appearance of core cardiac transcription factors, Ca(2+) transients, and sarcomeres. Our data indicate that ETS2 and MESP1 play important roles in a genetic network that governs cardiopoiesis.
A power-spectrum based neural fuzzy connection admission mechanism for ATM networks (2002)

ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks support services with bursty traffic. A sophisticated and real-time admission controller is needed not only to guarantee the required quality-of-service (QoS) for existing calls but also to achieve higher system efficiency. In this paper, we propose a power-spectrum based neural fuzzy connection admission control (PNFCAC) mechanism for an ATM network. The power spectrum of the input process explicitly describes the correlation behavior of input traffic and has a great impact on the queueing behavior of an ATM network. The neural fuzzy controller has been successfully applied to deal with the complex problem which can not be analyzed by classical methods based on probability theory and bivalent logic. Under the constraint of QoS, we construct a decision hyperplane of connection admission control according to the parameters of the power spectrum. We further adopt the learning/adapting capabilities of the neural network to adjust the optimum location of the boundary between these two decision spaces. Simulation results show that the PNFCAC mechanism provides a superior system utilization over the conventional CAC schemes and the neural fuzzy CAC using time-domain analysis, while keeping the QoS contract.
A synthetic microRNA‐92a inhibitor (MRG‐110) accelerates angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetic and nondiabetic wounds (2018)

There is a strong unmet need for new therapeutics to accelerate wound healing across both chronic and acute indications. It is well established that local tissue hypoxia, vascular insufficiency, and/or insufficient angiogenesis contribute to inadequate wound repair in the context of diabetic foot ulcers as well as to other chronic wounds such as venous stasis and pressure ulcers. microRNA-92a-3p (miR-92a) is a potent antiangiogenic miRNA whose inhibition has led to increases in angiogenesis in multiple organ systems, resulting in an improvement in function following myocardial infarction, limb ischemia, vascular injury, and bone fracture. Due to their pro-angiogenic effects, miR-92a inhibitors offer potential therapeutics to accelerate the healing process in cutaneous wounds as well. This study investigated the effect of a development stage locked nucleic acid-modified miR-92a inhibitor, MRG-110, in excisional wounds in db/db mice and in normal pigs. In both acute and chronic wounds, MRG-110 increased granulation tissue formation as assessed by histology, angiogenesis as assessed by immunohistochemistry and tissue perfusion, and wound healing as measured by time to closure and percent closure over time. The effects of MRG-110 were greater than those that were observed with the positive controls rhVEGF-165 and rhPDGF-BB, and MRG-110 was at least additive with rhPDGF-BB when co-administered in db/db mouse wounds. MRG-110 was found to up-regulate expression of the pro-angiogenic miR-92a target gene integrin alpha 5 in vitro in both human vascular endothelial cells and primary human skin fibroblasts and in vivo in mouse skin, demonstrating its on-target effects in vitro and in vivo. Additional safety endpoints were assessed in both the mouse and pig studies with no safety concerns noted. These studies suggest that MRG-110 has the potential to accelerate both chronic and acute wound healing and these data provide support for future clinical trials of MRG-110.
Parametric adjustment circuit (1980)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert A. Moog, Richard M. Walborn; Parametric adjustment circuit. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 January 1980; 67 (1): 369. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.383705 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Silicon on insulator nanoscale backside interconnects for atomic and molecular scale circuits (2010)

In a planar configuration, multiple electrical connections to a single molecule require an atomic scale precision of the wiring and an atomically flat supporting surface. Current nanofabrication techniques cannot achieve this on the same surface of a wafer. A double sided interconnection process flow adopted from sensor technology is presented using silicon on insulator substrates. The top part of the wafer is exclusively reserved for atomic scale interconnect and constructions. The back side is reserved for all the other interconnection steps. To ensure the passage between the back and the top side of the wafer, nanoscale vias are fabricated through the full thickness of the wafer. The top end of each via is boron and phosphorus doped, and the interconnection leakage current-voltage characteristics are measured. At low voltage and for top inter-via distances in the 30–50 nm range, a high gigaohm range resistance is obtained.
Smart ophthalmics: the future in tele-ophthalmology has arrived (2016)

Smart Ophthalmics<sup>©</sup> extends ophthalmic healthcare to people who operate/live in austere environments (e.g., military, third world, natural disaster), or are geographically dispersed (e.g., rural populations), where time, cost, and the possibility of travel/transportation make access to even adequate medical care difficult, if at all possible. Operators attach optical devices that act as ophthalmic examination extensions to smartphones and run custom apps to perform examinations of specific areas of the eye. The smartphone apps submit over wireless networks the collected examination data to a smart remote expert system, which provides in-depth medical analyses that are sent back in near real-time to the operators for subsequent triage.
Interferometer with Computer-Generated Holograms for Strong Aspheric Surface Testing (1986)

In recent years, aspheric optical elements have gradually come into use, aiming optical systems lighter and more accurate. In order to bring aspheric optical elements into more common use, however, it is necessary to establish mass production technology and also develop the testing technology for surface profiles accurately and easily.
Technologies and Operations for High Voltage Corona Detection with UAVs (2018)

Autonomous UAV transmission line inspection served as a reference mission for NASA demonstration of UAV deployment for economic benefit; this paper reports corona sensing advances in development of that reference mission. Unmanned aerial vehicles can serve as a platform for autonomous sensing and location of high voltage coronal discharge. Simple processing of commercial corona camera imagery can automate discharge localization and documentation. Inexpensive ultraviolet point sensors can sense discharge when carried close to the defect with a UAV. Augmented with a parabolic mirror, point sensor range can be increased to a safe inspection standoff distance, at the cost of a narrowed field of view. Results from a test flight of an augmented UV sensor are described. The imaging approach is superior in sensitivity and acquisition time, while the point sensor approach has superior size, weight, cost and durability advantages.
Properties of the B oligomer of pertussis toxin (1991)

The B oligomer of pertussis toxin was purified from culture supernatants of Bordetella pertussis strains which do not secrete the S1 subunit. The purified B oligomer is devoid of toxicity for CHO cells and other in vivo properties of the toxin, such as leukocytosis and histamine sensitization, but it retains the abilities to agglutinate erythrocytes and to induce the proliferation of T lymphocytes. The B oligomer is also able to induce protective immunity in mice but is less potent than molecules containing the S1 subunit also.
A gas puff plasma X-ray source. (1990)

Employing a gas-puff-z-pinch plasma, a high brightness plasma x-ray source has been developed. The stable x-ray output is attained by using a fast-acting gas valve, capable of operating stably under gas plenum pressure below 300 Torr.. With this x-ray source, 1-1.4nm x-rays with 100J per pulse (300W average power) areobtained using Ne gas plasma in a 3pps repetition-rate discharge. In the axial direction of the columnar plasma, the x-ray spectral features vary from the primary profile due to x-ray absorption by high-density plasma. Damage to the x-ray extraction window is drastically reduced by forming a mass of gas swarm in front of the window to take away the remained particles, which could not be removed by the magnetic filed and plasma reflecting plate.
The Discovery and Synthesis of Novel Adenosine Receptor (A<sub>2A</sub>) Antagonists. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.