gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
50-nm Metamorphic High-Electron-Mobility Transistors With High Gain and High Breakdown Voltages (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of ultrahigh-gain metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistors (MHEMTs) with significantly enhanced breakdown performance. In this letter, an asymmetrically recessed 50-nm <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Gamma$</tex></formula>-gate process has been successfully applied to epitaxial designs with double-sided-doped InAs-layer-inserted channels grown on GaAs substrates. The critical gate recess width has been optimized for device performance, including transconductance, breakdown voltage, and gain. The employment of a device passivation process greatly minimizes the adverse impacts that the aggressive vertical and lateral scaling would have introduced for pursuing enhanced performance. As a result, we have achieved 1.9-S/mm transconductance and 800-mA/mm maximum drain current at a drain bias of 1 V, 9-V off-state breakdown voltage, approximately 3.5-V on-state breakdown voltage, and 14.2-dB maximum stable gain at 110 GHz. To our knowledge, this is a record combination of gain and breakdown performance reported for microwave and millimeter-wave HEMTs, making these devices excellent candidates for ultrahigh-frequency power applications. </para>
Resolving Photon Numbers Using a Superconducting Nanowire with Impedance-Matching Taper (2020)

Time- and number-resolved photon detection is crucial for quantum information processing. Existing photon-number-resolving (PNR) detectors usually suffer from limited timing and dark-count performance or require complex fabrication and operation. Here, we demonstrate a PNR detector at telecommunication wavelengths based on a single superconducting nanowire with an integrated impedance-matching taper. The taper provides a kΩ load impedance to the nanowire, making the detector's output amplitude sensitive to the number of photon-induced hotspots. The prototyping device was able to resolve up to four absorbed photons with 16.1 ps timing jitter and <2 c.p.s. device dark count rate. Its exceptional distinction between single- and two-photon responses is ideal for high-fidelity coincidence counting and allowed us to directly observe bunching of photon pairs from a single output port of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. This detector architecture may provide a practical solution to applications that require high timing resolution and few-photon discrimination.
<title>Dynamic demosaicing and color superresolution of video sequences</title> (2004)

In the last two decades a variety of super-resolution (SR) methods have been proposed. These methods usually address the problem of fusing a set of monochromatic images to produce a single monochromatic image with higher spatial resolution. In this paper we address the dynamic and color SR problems of reconstructing a high-quality set of colored super-resolved images from low-quality mosaiced frames. Our approach includes a hybrid method for simultaneous SR and demosaicing, this way taking into account practical color measurements encountered in video sequences. For the case of translational motion and common space-invariant blur, the proposed method is based on a very fast and memory efficient approximation of the Kalman filter. Experimental results on both simulated and real data are supplied, demonstrating the presented algorithm, and its strength.
Preparation of imidazolylpyrimidine derivatives for treatment of glycogen synthase kinase 3 related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. (2010)

Title compds. I [R1 = H or F; R2 and R3 independently = H or Me], and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are prepd. and disclosed as agents for treatment of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Thus, e.g., II.HCl was prepd. by reductive amination of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzaldehyde with (S)-3-methylmorpholine followed by amination with 2-amino-5-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyrimidine. Select I were evaluated for GSK3β inhibitory activity, and e.g., II·HCl demonstrated a Ki value of 30 nM. [on SciFinder(R)]
Developing large-scale field-programmable analog arrays (2004)

Summary form only given. Field-programmable analog arrays (FPAAs) provide a method for rapidly prototyping analog systems. Currently available commercial and academic FPAAs are typically based on operational amplifiers (or other similar analog primitives) with only a few computational elements per chip. While their specific architectures vary, their small sizes and often restrictive interconnect designs leave current FPAAs limited in functionality, flexibility, and usefulness. We explore the use of floating-gate devices as the core programmable element in a large-scale FPAA with applications in signal processing emphasized. An FPAA architecture is presented that offers increased functionality and flexibility in realizing analog signal processing systems, and experimental data from a testbed FPAA is shown. In addition, mainstream signal processing systems are discussed that can be effectively implemented on large-scale reconfigurable analog devices thereby realizing dramatic savings in power over traditional digital solutions and improved time-to-market over traditional analog designs.
Improved tangent space based distance metric for accurate lithographic hotspot classification (2012)

A distance metric of patterns is crucial to hotspot cluster analysis and classification. In this paper, we propose an improved tangent space based metric for pattern matching based hotspot cluster analysis and classification. The proposed distance metric is an important extension of the well-developed tangent space method in computer vision. It can handle patterns containing multiple polygons, while the traditional tangent space method can only deal with patterns with a single polygon. It inherits most of the advantages of the traditional tangent space method, e.g., it is easy to compute and is tolerant with small variations or shifts of the shapes. Compared with the existing distance metric based on XOR of hotspot patterns, the improved tangent space based distance metric can achieve up to 37.5% accuracy improvement with at most 4.3x computational cost in the context of cluster analysis. The improved tangent space based distance metric is a more reliable and accurate metric for hotspot cluster analysis and classification. It is more suitable for industry applications.
Configuration of Building Façade Surface for Seasonal Selectiveness of Solar Irradiation—Absorption and Reflection (2012)

A novel building façade surface configuration is proposed. This façade consists of grooved cavities that are configured in a manner that reflects summer (cooling season) insolation and absorbs winter (heating season) insolation. The effective absorptivities of the façade for various cavity reflectance characteristics, i.e., a wide range of diffuse and specular reflectance characteristics, are evaluated using a Monte Carlo model. It was determined that the best cavity surface reflectivity has fully diffuse surfaces and an absorptivity about 0.7. This reflectance characteristic of the cavities results in a small depth of the façade cavities and thicker divider wedge between adjacent cavities. The calculations in the present work are performed for a location proximate to the latitude of 41 deg N where both heating and cooling loads are significant. The same model can be applied to locations with different latitudes and building heating and cooling loads, which may result in slightly different cavity configurations and effective absorptivities.
All-Distances Sketches, Revisited: HIP Estimators for Massive Graphs Analysis (2015)

Graph datasets with billions of edges, such as social and web graphs, are prevalent, and scalability is critical. All-distances sketches (ADS) [Cohen 1997], are a powerful tool for scalable approximation of statistics. The sketch is a small size sample of the distance relation of a node which emphasizes closer nodes. Sketches for all nodes are computed using a nearly linear computation and estimators are applied to sketches of nodes to estimate their properties. We provide, for the first time, a unified exposition of ADS algorithms and applications. We present the historic inverse probability (HIP) estimators which are applied to the ADS of a node to estimate a large natural class of statistics. For the important special cases of neighborhood cardinalities (the number of nodes within some query distance) and closeness centralities, HIP estimators have at most half the variance of previous estimators and we show that this is essentially optimal. Moreover, HIP obtains a polynomial improvement for more general statistics and the estimators are simple, flexible, unbiased, and elegant. For approximate distinct counting on data streams, HIP outperforms the original estimators for the HyperLogLog MinHash sketches (Flajolet et al. 2007), obtaining significantly improved estimation quality for this state-of-the-art practical algorithm.
<title>Wide-Field Correction In Reflective Schmidt Systems By A Nonrotationally Symmetric Element</title> (1983)

Wide-field correction is achieved in reflective versions of the Schmidt and Schmidt-Cassegrain systems by the use of a fold mirror serving also as a corrector. The deformation of the corrector surface is divided into two functions one-with and one with-out rotational symmetry. The bulk of the deformation is defined by the rotationally symmetric part while the residual, which is of a much smaller magnitude, is nonrotationally symmetric. This separation of corrective polynomials facilitates fabrication of the elements. The larger rotationally symmetric part can be diamond turned on a two-axis machine under numerical control, whereas the small residual deformation can be hand figured to an overall system null or to a computer-generated holographic reference in an inter-ferometer. Diffraction-limited performance in the infrared region is achievable to an extent determined by tilt angle of the fold mirror and the f-number.
Cloning, Bacterial Expression and Biological Characterization of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Chemotactic Protein‐2 and Differential Expression of Granulocyte Chemotactic Protein‐2 and Epithelial Cell‐Derived Neutrophil Activating Peptide‐78 mRNAs (1997)

Human osteosarcoma cells secrete a novel C-X-C chemokine called granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2), which was previously identified by amino acid sequencing of the purified natural protein. In order to understand the role of this new protein in inflammatory reactions, we cloned GCP-2 DNA sequences to generate recombinant protein and specific DNA probes and primers. By means of PCR on cloned cDNA of osteosarcoma cells induced by interleukin-1 beta and fibroblasts induced by lipopolysaccharide plus dsRNA, the complete coding domain of GCP-2 was isolated. This sequence was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pHEN1 and, after induction, GCP-2 was secreted into the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Recombinant GCP-2 (rGCP-2) was purified and characterized by SDS/PAGE as a monomeric 6.5-kDa protein and by amino-terminal sequencing. The chemoattractive potency of GCP-2 for neutrophilic granulocytes was about 10-times less than that of interleukin-8 and the minimal effective dose was 10 ng/ml. However, at optimal dose (100 ng/ml) the maximal chemotactic response was comparable with that of interleukin-8. Both characteristics correspond with those of natural GCP-2. In addition, intracellular calcium release in neutrophils by recombinant GCP-2 was achieved with as little as 10 ng/ml. Quantitation studies using reverse transcriptase and the polymerase chain reaction revealed higher GCP-2 mRNA production in normal fibroblasts than in tumor cells. When compared with epithelial-cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA-78) mRNA, the GCP-2 mRNA levels were higher in all cell lines tested. In addition, GCP-2 and ENA-78 expression seem to be differentially regulated in that phorbol ester and lipopolysaccharide have opposing effects on their mRNA induction in diploid fibroblasts and epithelial cells, respectively. Interleukin-1 was demonstrated to be a general inducer for both chemokines, while interferon-gamma down-regulates their mRNA expression. The availability of recombinant GCP-2 together with the quantitation studies on mRNA expression will help to further elucidate the biological role of GCP-2 during the inflammatory response.
Weighted sum of harmonic signals for direct imaging in magnetic particle imaging (2022)

<i>Objective.</i>Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel radiation-free medical imaging modality that can directly image superparamagnetic iron oxide tracers (SPIOs) with high sensitivity, temporal resolution, and good spatial resolution. The MPI reconstruction task can be formulated mathematically as a Fredholm integral problem, but the concrete inversion is not easily possible because of the particle dynamics or scanner issues. Measurement based system matrix inversion takes these factors into account, but prior measurement and calibration are time consuming.<i>Approach.</i>We proposed a direct imaging method based on the weighted sum of harmonic signals. The harmonic signals with spatial information are obtained by the short-time Fourier transform, and odd harmonic components are selected for recombination and then mapped to the sampling trajectory to image the concentration distribution of SPIOs. In addition, we adopt a normalized-weighted sum of harmonics to improve the resolution of the native image.<i>Main results.</i>The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation imaging experiments and our in-house scanner-based experiments. Quantitative evaluation results show that compared with traditional methods, the structural similarity improved by 48%, mean square error decreased by 88%, and signal-to-artifact ratio increased by 2.5 times.<i>Significance.</i>The proposed method can rapidly image the concentration distribution of nanoparticles without any prior calibration measurements and reduce the blur of MPI images without deconvolution, which has the potential to be implemented as a multi-patch imaging method in MPI.
Two-dimensional acoustic micromanipulation using three ultrasonic transducers (2002)

Stable control of positions of a small object in water was studied using acoustic radiation pressure to develop a noncontact micromanipulation technique. Although an ultrasonic standing wave field generated between a transducer and a reflector makes it possible to trap particles in water at nodes of the sound pressure distribution and to transport them, this method has several problems such as instability in the control of positions. This paper describes a method to generate a standing wave field without a reflector; the field is generated with three ultrasonic transducers whose sound beam axes are arranged with an angle of 120/spl deg/ to each other. When polystyrene particles were placed into the sound field, they were trapped at the nodes in the central region of the field. When the phase of one of the transducers was changed, the particles moved along the sound beam axis of that transducer. It is possible to transport them two-dimensionally by controlling the phases of two transducers.
A power loading scheme for space-time trellis codes based on channel magnitude feedback (2005)

In this paper, we present a novel power loading scheme for several existing space-time trellis codes (STTCs). These STTCs are originally designed for the open loop systems where no channel state information is available at the transmitter. To further enhance the performance of these STTCs, we assume that the scalar quantized channel magnitude information is available at the transmitter through a feedback channel. Therefore, the error performance of these STTCs is improved through proper power loading on the different transmit antennas. To calculate the power loading parameters, we derive the distance spectrum of these STTCs based on the channel magnitude information. We also use a novel transfer function analysis to optimize the overall distance spectrum. The proposed power loading algorithm is flexible enough to be applied for various kinds of existing STTCs and it also enjoys easy implementation at the transmitter. Finally, numerical simulations show that the new power loading scheme accomplishes superior performance compared to several widely used open loop algorithms as well as some popular closed loop algorithms in the literature.
Wireless Intrusion Detection and Device Fingerprinting through Preamble Manipulation (2014)

Wireless networks are particularly vulnerable to spoofing and route poisoning attacks due to the contested transmission medium. Recent works investigate physical layer features such as received signal strength or radio frequency fingerprints to localize and identify malicious devices. In this paper we demonstrate a novel and complementary approach to exploiting physical layer differences among wireless devices that is more energy efficient and invariant with respect to the environment. Specifically, we exploit subtle design differences among transceiver hardware types. Transceivers fulfill the physical-layer aspects of wireless networking protocols, yet specific hardware implementations vary among manufacturers and device types. In this paper we demonstrate that precise manipulation of the physical layer header prevents a subset of transceiver types from receiving the manipulated packet. By soliciting acknowledgments from wireless devices using a small number of packets with manipulated preambles and frame lengths, a response pattern identifies the true transceiver class of the device under test. Herein we demonstrate a transceiver taxonomy of six classes with greater than 99 percent accuracy, irrespective of environment. We successfully demonstrate wireless multi-factor authentication, intrusion detection, and transceiver type fingerprinting through preamble manipulation.
Host-mediated antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei in mice. (1984)

Antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 ( LC9018 ) was studied in BALB/c mice by using two syngeneic tumors; methylcholanthrene-induced tumor (Meth A fibrosarcoma) and Kirstein murine sarcoma virus-transformed BALB/3T3 ( K234 tumor). Administration of an LC9018 -Meth A cell mixture induced complete suppression of the tumor growth, while simultaneous injections of LC9018 and Meth A cells into different sites had no suppressive effect on the tumor growth. Administration of the mixture subsequently induced specific transplantation immunity to the challenge tumor, which started to be generated on about the 5th day after the administration and continued to at least the 30th day. Administration of an LC9018 - K234 cell mixture also induced suppression of the tumor growth and generated specific antitumor immunity. Neutralization (Winn type) tests showed that T lymphocytes possessed tumor cytotoxicity but humoral immune serum did not, suggesting that the T cells with LC9018 -potentiated antitumor immunity functioned in the suppression of the tumor growth.
Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae inositol-1-phosphate synthase (INO1) gene is regulated by factors that affect phospholipid synthesis. (1986)

The INO1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the regulated enzyme inositol-1-phosphate synthase, which catalyzes the first committed step in the synthesis of inositol-containing phospholipids. The expression of this gene was analyzed under conditions known to regulate phospholipid synthesis. RNA blot hybridization with a genomic clone for INO1 detected two RNA species of 1.8 and 0.6 kb. The abundance of the 1.8-kb RNA was greatly decreased when the cells were grown in the presence of the phospholipid precursor inositol, as was the enzyme activity of the synthase. Complementation analysis showed that this transcript encoded the INO1 gene product. The level of INO1 RNA was repressed 12-fold when the cells were grown in medium containing inositol, and it was repressed 33-fold when the cells were grown in the presence of inositol and choline together. The INO1 transcript was present at a very low level in cells containing mutations (ino2 and ino4) in regulatory genes unlinked to INO1 that result in inositol auxotrophy. The transcript was constitutively overproduced in cells containing a mutation (opi1) that causes constitutive expression of inositol-1-phosphate synthase and results in excretion of inositol. The expression of INO1 RNA was also examined in cells containing a mutation (cho2) affecting the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. In contrast to what was observed in wild-type cells, growth of cho2 cells in medium containing inositol did not result in a significant decrease in INO1 RNA abundance. Inositol and choline together were required for repression of the INO1 transcript in these cells, providing evidence for a regulatory link between the synthesis of inositol- and choline-containing lipids. The level of the 0.6-kb RNA was affected, although to a lesser degree, by many of the same factors that influence INO1 expression.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Hypolactasia With 4-Galactosylxylose (Gaxilose) (2013)

The diagnostic performance of the gaxilose tests is excellent and can substantially improve the diagnosis of hypolactasia.
Inheritance of Reduced Linolenic Acid Content in Soybean Genotypes A16 and A17 (1992)

Reduction of linolenic acid content in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil is associated with improved odor and flavor characteristics. Germplasm with the lowest content of this fatty acid known in soybean (<25 g kg −1 ) was identified in 1986 at Iowa State University from the cross of two mutant lines, A5 × A23. The objective of our study was to determine the genetic control of the reduced linolenic acid content in two lines from that cross, AI6 and AfT. The two lines with < 25 g kg −1 linolenic acid were mated reciprocally to ‘Century 84’ (77 g kg −1 linolenic), the mutant line C1640 (37 kg −1 li nolenic) an d the parents, A5 and A23. There was no maternal effect when AI6 and AI7 were crossed to their parents, but a partial maternal effect was observed in crosses with Century 84 and C1640. In the crosses of Al6 and AI7 with Century 84, the segregation of the F 2.3 lines satisfactorily fit a 1:14:1 ratio, which would be expected with the segregation of major genes at two independent loci. The data indicated that AI6 and AI7 obtained the fan (A5) allele from A5 and the fan2 (A23) allele from A23. The continuous distributions observed in the AI6 and AI7 crosses with Century 84 indicated that minor genes and environmental effects also are important in the expression of linolenic acid content. Consequently, the low linolenic acid content of AI6 and AI7 can be considered a quantitative character for cultivar development programs.