gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A transformer assisted zero-voltage soft-switching three-level active neutral-point-clamped converter (2012)

A novel transformer assisted three-level zero-voltage switching (ZVS) converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology features simple structure and good ZVS performance. The auxiliary circuit structure and the modulation method are as simple as in the two-level converter. Only two auxiliary switches, four auxiliary diodes and a two-winding transformer are needed to achieve the soft-switching of all the main switches in one phase leg. Besides the great losses reduction on main device, the auxiliary circuit operates only at the switching transition and has a lower current rating and no switching losses. The operation principle is analyzed and an eighty kW half-bridge prototype was built. The experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the topology.
Oligonucleotide‐Directed Mutagenesis without Phenotypic Selection (1991)

A DNA sequence can be specifically altered by synthesizing the desired sequence change within an oligonucleotide, and then converting this into a biologically active circular DNA strand by using the oligonucleotide to prime in vitro synthesis on a single-stranded circular template. This protocol uses a DNA template containing a small number of uracil residues in place of thymine. Use of the uracil-containing template allows rapid and efficient recovery of mutants; in principle this same template can be applied to most of the other mutagenesis protocols in use.
Encapsulation of Pesticides within a Starch Matrix (1977)

At the Northern Regional Research Center, a research program is directed towards developing agriculturally based raw materials as renewable resources for chemicals to replace in part those derived from petroleum. Starch, a polysaccharide produced in great abundance in nature, is a prime candidate as a raw material because of its availability and relatively low cost and because it can be converted readily into a variety of useful monomeric and polymeric products by chemical and biochemical means. A low-cost derivative, starch xanthate, is useful in papermaking applications (1), for reinforcement of rubber (2), in making powdered rubber (3), and for removing heavy metals from polluted water (4). Because of the ease with which starch xanthate can be insolubilized from an aqueous solution by crosslinking under mild oxidation conditions or with metal cations, and because of the film-forming nature of certain crosslinked products, we explored the possibility of using this material as
A New Epidemiological Tool for &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; Surveillance (2014)

Epidemiological surveillance for microbes is currently based on either agar culture followed by identification, or genetic amplification. Both techniques are highly skilled-labor intensive, costly, and must be done in central laboratories. The Defined Substrate Utilization® (DSU®) format provides an epidemiological series of specific screening formulations that obviate these limitations. All reagents are present in optimized stable powder form in a test tube—add water, inoculate, and incubate. A specific color change provides a sensitive and specific detection of the target microbe. Two DSU® methods for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are presented: aureusAlert® for all S. aureus and EPI-M® for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Both aureusAlert® and EPI-M® had a detection level of 20 colony forming units (CFU) in 18 hours. aureusAlert® and conventional methods agreed 93.6% and EPI-M® and conventional methods agreed 94.1%. DSU® and conventional methods showed the same specificity.
Are You Talking to a Machine? Dataset and Methods for Multilingual Image Question (2015)

In this paper, we present the mQA model, which is able to answer questions about the content of an image. The answer can be a sentence, a phrase or a single word. Our model contains four components: a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to extract the question representation, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract the visual representation, an LSTM for storing the linguistic context in an answer, and a fusing component to combine the information from the first three components and generate the answer. We construct a Freestyle Multilingual Image Question Answering (FM-IQA) dataset to train and evaluate our mQA model. It contains over 150,000 images and 310,000 freestyle Chinese question-answer pairs and their English translations. The quality of the generated answers of our mQA model on this dataset is evaluated by human judges through a Turing Test. Specifically, we mix the answers provided by humans and our model. The human judges need to distinguish our model from the human. They will also provide a score (i.e. 0, 1, 2, the larger the better) indicating the quality of the answer. We propose strategies to monitor the quality of this evaluation process. The experiments show that in 64.7% of cases, the human judges cannot distinguish our model from humans. The average score is 1.454 (1.918 for human). The details of this work, including the FM-IQA dataset, can be found on the project page: \url{http://idl.baidu.com/FM-IQA.html}.
Molecular Cloning of Transferrin Receptor 2 (1999)

Transferrin receptor (TfR) plays a major role in cellular iron uptake through binding and internalizing a carrier protein transferrin (Tf). We have cloned, sequenced, and mapped a human gene homologous to TfR, termed TfR2. Two transcripts were expressed from this gene: alpha (approximately 2.9 kilobase pairs), and beta (approximately 2.5 kilobase pairs). The predicted amino acid sequence revealed that the TfR2-alpha protein was a type II membrane protein and shared a 45% identity and 66% similarity in its extracellular domain with TfR. The TfR2-beta protein lacked the amino-terminal portion of the TfR2-alpha protein including the putative transmembrane domain. Northern blot analysis showed that the alpha transcript was predominantly expressed in the liver. In addition, high expression occurred in K562, an erythromegakaryocytic cell line. To analyze the function of TfR2, Chinese hamster ovary TfR-deficient cells (CHO-TRVb cells) were stably transfected with FLAG-tagged TfR2-alpha. These cells showed an increase in biotinylated Tf binding to the cell surface, which was competed by nonlabeled Tf, but not by lactoferrin. Also, these cells had a marked increase in Tf-bound (55)Fe uptake. Taken together, TfR2-alpha may be a second transferrin receptor that can mediate cellular iron transport.
<title>Stereoscopic video compression using temporal scalability</title> (1995)

Despite the fact that human ability to perceive a high degree of realism is directly related to our ability to perceive depth accurately in a scene, most of the commonly used imaging and display technologies are able to provide only a 2D rendering of the 3D real world. Many current as well as emerging applications in areas of entertainment, remote operations, industrial and medicine can benefit from the depth perception offered by stereoscopic video systems which employ two views of a scene imaged under the constraints imposed by human visual system. Among the many challenges to be overcome for practical realization and widespread use of 3D/stereoscopic systems are efficient techniques for digital compression of enormous amounts of data while maintaining compatibility with normal video decoding and display systems. After a brief discussion on the relationship of digital stereoscopic 3DTV with digital TV and HDTV, we present an overview of tools in the MPEG-2 video standard that are relevant to our discussion on compression of stereoscopic video, which is the main topic of this paper. Next, we determine ways in which temporal scalability concepts can be applied to exploit redundancies inherent between the two views of a scene comprising stereoscopic video. Due consideration is given to masking properties of stereoscopic vision to determine bandwidth partitioning between the two views to realize an efficient coding scheme while providing sufficient quality. Simulations are performed on stereoscopic video of normal TV resolution to compare the performance of the two temporal scalability configurations with each other and with the simulcast solution. Preliminary results are quite promising and indicate that the configuration that exploits motion and disparity compensation significantly outperforms the one that exploits disparity compensation alone. Compression of both views of stereo video of normal TV resolution appears feasible in a total of 8 or 9 Mbit/s. Finally, the implication of our results is discussed and potential directions for future research are identified.
Syndioselective Coordination (Co)Polymerization of Alkyne-Substituted Styrenes Using Rare-Earth Metal Catalysts (2020)

Developing convenient methods to introduce functional groups into syndiotactic polystyrene has gained increasing attention in recent years. Herein, we report the coordination polymerization of 4-(1-hexynyl)styrene (HES), 4-(phenylethynyl)styrene (PES), and 4-(trimethylsilyl)ethynylstyrene (TES) with half-sandwich scandium precursor C5Me4PhSc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2 (1) and constrained-geometry-configuration (CGC) precursors C13H8CH2PySc(CH2SiMe3)2 (2, Py = C5H4N) and 2,7-(tBu)2C13H8CH2PyLn(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)n (Ln = Sc (3a), n = 0; Y (3b), Lu (3c), n = 1). Under mild conditions, perfect syndiotactic products (rrrr > 99%) are produced by homopolymerizations of HES, PES, and TES. The random copolymerizations of TES and styrene (St) proceed smoothly with 3b, and the insertion fractions of TES are tuned in the range of 0–100 mol % via changing the TES-to-St feed ratio. The trimethylsilyl groups are facilely eliminated from the TES-based polymers by tetrabutylammonium fluoride to give terminal ethynyl-containing polystyrenes, the reactions of which with an azide compound, carbon dioxide, and anthracene-9-aldehyde afford a series of functional syndiotactic polystyrenes.
Nonpeptidic urotensin‐II receptor antagonists I: <i>in vitro</i> pharmacological characterization of SB‐706375 (2005)

1. SB-706375 potently inhibited [(125)I]hU-II binding to both mammalian recombinant and 'native' UT receptors (K(i) 4.7+/-1.5 to 20.7+/-3.6 nM at rodent, feline and primate recombinant UT receptors and K(i) 5.4+/-0.4 nM at the endogenous UT receptor in SJRH30 cells). 2. Prior exposure to SB-706375 (1 microM, 30 min) did not alter [(125)I]hU-II binding affinity or density in recombinant cells (K(D) 3.1+/-0.4 vs 5.8+/-0.9 nM and B(max) 3.1+/-1.0 vs 2.8+/-0.8 pmol mg(-1)) consistent with a reversible mode of action. 3. The novel, nonpeptidic radioligand [(3)H]SB-657510, a close analogue of SB-706375, bound to the monkey UT receptor (K(D) 2.6+/-0.4 nM, B(max) 0.86+/-0.12 pmol mg(-1)) in a manner that was inhibited by both U-II isopeptides and SB-706375 (K(i) 4.6+/-1.4 to 17.6+/-5.4 nM) consistent with the sulphonamides and native U-II ligands sharing a common UT receptor binding domain. 4. SB-706375 was a potent, competitive hU-II antagonist across species with pK(b) 7.29-8.00 in HEK293-UT receptor cells (inhibition of [Ca(2+)](i)-mobilization) and pK(b) 7.47 in rat isolated aorta (inhibition of contraction). SB-706375 also reversed tone established in the rat aorta by prior exposure to hU-II (K(app) approximately 20 nM). 5. SB-706375 was a selective U-II antagonist with >/=100-fold selectivity for the human UT receptor compared to 86 distinct receptors, ion channels, enzymes, transporters and nuclear hormones (K(i)/IC(50)>1 microM). Accordingly, the contractile responses induced in isolated aortae by KCl, phenylephrine, angiotensin II and endothelin-1 were unaltered by SB-706375 (1 microM). 6. In summary, SB-706375 is a high-affinity, surmountable, reversible and selective nonpeptide UT receptor antagonist with cross-species activity that will assist in delineating the pathophysiological actions of U-II in mammals.
NS-065/NCNP-01: An Antisense Oligonucleotide for Potential Treatment of Exon 53 Skipping in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2018)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common lethal heritable childhood disease, is caused by mutations in the DMD gene that result in the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Exon skipping mediated by antisense oligonucleotides has recently emerged as an effective approach for the restoration of dystrophin, and skipping of exon 51 of DMD has received accelerated approval. Identifying antisense sequences that can provide the highest possible skipping efficiency is crucial for future clinical applications. Herein, we systematically tested two-step antisense oligonucleotide walks along human DMD exon 53 in order to define sequence-dependent effects of antisense oligonucleotide binding sites in human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. The first rough whole-exon 53 walk enabled the identification of a target region, and a second walk of this region was used to determine an optimal antisense oligonucleotide sequence (NS-065/NCNP-01) for exon 53 skipping. This oligonucleotide strongly promoted exon 53 skipping in a dose-dependent manner during pre-mRNA splicing in rhabdomyosarcoma and DMD patient-derived cells, and it restored dystrophin protein levels in patient-derived cells. NS-065/NCNP-01, a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer, appears to be a promising candidate for treating exon 53 skipping, and it is potentially applicable to 10.1% of patients with DMD.
Novel hardware architecture for fast address lookups (2002)

For every packet an IP router receives, it makes a routing decision based on the packet's destination address. The router's forwarding rate is usually limited by the rate at which it can make these decisions. We describe a new method for implementing route lookups in hardware. Our method can be implemented in the forwarding engine of a network processor or router using a small on-chip SRAM and an off-chip DRAM, and it achieves a rate of one lookup per DRAM random access time. We present our method and discuss an implementation that uses a DRAM with 64 ns random access time to give over 15 million lookups per second. Our tests show that the method performs well for realistic routing tables while using only modest amounts of memory.
Human skin‐depigmenting effects of resveratryl triglycolate, a hybrid compound of resveratrol and glycolic acid (2018)

This study demonstrated the skin-depigmenting effects of RTG in human participants.
A Tandem Fabry-Perot Volume Hologram Spectrometer with High Resolution (2006)

We have designed a compact spectrometer by cascading a simple Fabry-Perot etalon and a volume hologram. The volume hologram expands the limited spectral range of the Fabry-Perot and the combination of both elements results in a powerful spectrometer with good two-dimensional spatial-spectral diversity in the output plane
Polarization-independent diffractive waveplate optics (2018)

Diffractive waveplates (DWs) generally diffract light in different directions for the two circular polarizations of light, and the diffraction efficiency of such devices generally falls when the angle through which light is diffracted becomes large. It would be desirable to be able to make fast (low f-number), high-efficiency lenses with DW type structures. We study the dependence of the efficiency of DWs and polarization volume gratings (PVGs) on the polarization and angle of incidence of light, and identify structures with polarization independent function - the diffraction efficiency and angle of diffraction. The results are obtained for DWs and PVGs periodic in one linear coordinate, however, they are applicable to other optical devices, including lenses based on these structures.
CHAPTER 7. Patterned Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2016)

Although superhydrophobic surfaces may seem unusual, they are often present in nature, from wax-coated plant leaves to the feathers of a bird. Uniform superhydrophobic surfaces are very useful for applications such as water repellency, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, and anti-icing. However, creating surfaces with patterns of extreme differences in wettability leads to new functionalities and possibilities for a wide variety of applications. In this chapter, we present a range of methods available to combine different states of wettability on the same surface in precise micropatterns. We also discuss novel applications of the patterned surfaces that have been developed and continue to be explored, including surface tension-confined microfluidic devices, miniaturized cell and chemical screening platforms, patterned slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces, and the collection and transport of droplets from water vapour. There are still great opportunities for the further development of patterned superhydrophobic surfaces for other interesting applications, especially those inspired by processes occurring in nature.
Data Center Cooling Efficiency With Simulation-Based Optimization (2015)

The efficient control of cooling for data centers is an issue of broad economic importance due to the significant energy consumption of data centers. Many solutions attempt to optimize the control of the cooling equipment with temperature, pressure, or airflow sensors. We propose a simulation-based approach to optimize the cooling energy consumption and show how this approach can be implemented with simple power-consumption models. We also provide a real-life case study to demonstrate how energy saving cooling setpoints can be found using calibrated simulations and smooth metamodels of the system.
Anopheles gambiae Cadherin AgCad1 Binds the Cry4Ba Toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and a Fragment of AgCad1 Synergizes Toxicity (2008)

A midgut cadherin AgCad1 cDNA was cloned from Anopheles gambiae larvae and analyzed for its possible role as a receptor for the Cry4Ba toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis strain israelensis. The AgCad1 cadherin encodes a putative 1735-residue protein organized into an extracellular region of 11 cadherin repeats (CR) and a membrane-proximal extracellular domain (MPED). AgCad1 mRNA was detected in midgut of larvae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The AgCad1 protein was localized, by immunochemistry of sectioned larvae, predominately to the microvilli in posterior midgut. The localization of Cry4Ba binding was determined by the same technique, and toxin bound microvilli in posterior midgut. The AgCad1 protein was present in brush border membrane fractions prepared from larvae, and Cry4Ba toxin bound the same-sized protein on blots of those fractions. The AgCad1 protein was expressed transiently in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2) cells. 125I-Cry4Ba toxin bound AgCad1 from S2 cells in a competitive manner. Cry4Ba bound to beads extracted 200 kDa AgCad1 and a 29 kDa fragment of AgCad1 from S2 cells. A peptide containing the AgCad1 region proximal to the cell (CR11-MPED) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Although Cry4Ba showed limited binding to CR11-MPED, the peptide synergized the toxicity of Cry4Ba to larvae. AgCad1 in the larval brush border is a binding protein for Cry4Ba toxin. On the basis of binding results and CR11-MPED synergism of Cry4Ba toxicity, AgCad1 is probably a Cry4Ba receptor.
Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: effects on normal and leukemic myeloid cells (1986)

Experiments were conducted to isolate and characterize the gene and gene product of a human hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor with pluripotent biological activities. This factor has the ability to induce differentiation of a murine myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI-3B(D+) and cells from patients with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). A complementary DNA copy of the gene encoding a pluripotent human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant form of hG-CSF is capable of supporting neutrophil proliferation in a CFU-GM assay. In addition, recombinant hG-CSF can support early erythroid colonies and mixed colony formation. Competitive binding studies done with 125I-labeled hG-CSF and cell samples from two patients with newly diagnosed human leukemias as well as WEHI-3B(D+) cells showed that one of the human leukemias (ANLL, classified as M4) and the WEHI-3B(D+) cells have receptors for hG-CSF. Furthermore, the murine WEHI-3B(D+) cells and human leukemic cells classified as M2, M3, and M4 were induced by recombinant hG-CSF to undergo terminal differentiation to macrophages and granulocytes. The secreted form of the protein produced by the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 was found to be O-glycosylated and to have a molecular weight of 19,600.
Routing with a clue (2001)

We suggest a new simple forwarding technique to speed up IP destination address lookup. The technique is a natural extension of IP, requires 5 bits in the IP header (IPv4, 7 in IPv6), and performs IP lookup nearly as fast as IP/Tag switching but with a smaller memory requirement and a much simpler protocol. The basic idea is that each router adds a "clue" to each packet, telling its downstream router where it ended the IP lookup. Since the forwarding tables of neighboring routers are similar, the clue either directly determines the best prefix match for the downstream router, or provides the downstream router with a good point to start its IP lookup. The new scheme thus prevents repeated computations and distributes the lookup process across the routers along the packet path. Each router starts the lookup computation at the point its upstream neighbor has finished. Furthermore, the new scheme is easily assimilated into heterogeneous IP networks, does not require routers coordination, and requires no setup time. Even a flow of one packet enjoys the benefits of the scheme without any additional overhead. The speedup we achieve is about 10 times faster than current standard techniques. In a sense, this paper shows that the current routers employed in the Internet are clue-less; namely, it is possible to speed up the IP lookup by an order of magnitude without any major changes to the existing protocols.
Synthesis of Tricyclic Indole-2-caboxylic Acids as Potent NMDA-Glycine Antagonists. (2001)

The practical synthesis of a series of tricyclic indole-2-carboxylic acids, 7-chloro-3-arylaminocarbonylmethyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenz[<i>cd</i>]indole-2-carboxylic acids, as a new class of potent NMDA-glycine antagonists is described. The synthetic route to the key intermediate <b>12a</b> comprises a\nregioselective iodination of 4-chloro-2-nitrotoluene, modified Reissert indole synthesis, Jeffery's Heck-type reaction with allyl alcohol, Wittig−Horner−Emmons reaction, and iodination at the indole\nC-3 position. The key step in the route is an intramolecular cyclization of <b>12a</b> to give the tricyclic\nindole structure. Two methods of cyclization, (1) an intramolecular radical cyclization of <b>12a</b> and\n(2) a sequence of intramolecular Heck reaction of <b>12a</b> followed by a 1,4-reduction, were performed.\nThe resulting tricyclic indole diester <b>13a</b> was selectively hydrolyzed to afford the desired tricyclic\nindole monocarboxylic acid <b>16</b> on a multihundred gram scale without any chromatographic\npurifications. Optical resolution of <b>16</b> to (−)-isomer <b>17</b> and (+)-isomer <b>18</b> was carried out, and the\nresulting isomers were derivatized, respectively. Evaluation of the optically active derivatives for\naffinity to the NMDA-glycine binding site using the radio ligand binding assay with [<sup>3</sup>H]-5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid revealed that the derivatives of (−)-isomer <b>17</b> were more potent than the\nothers and that especially substituted anilide (−)-isomer <b>24</b> (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 0.8 nM) showed high affinity.
Plasma D-Dimer Is Noninferior to Serum C-Reactive Protein in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection (2023)

Diagnostic Level II . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.