gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 3–10 fJ/conv-step Error-Shaping Alias-Free Continuous-Time ADC (2016)

Continuous-time data conversion and continuous-time DSP are an interesting alternative to conventional methods of signal conversion and processing. This alternative does not suffer from aliasing, shows superior spectral properties (e.g., no quantization noise floor), and enables event-driven flexible signal processing capabilities using digital circuits, thus scaling well with technology. However, this approach has so far been limited by the power dissipation of the continuous-time ADC. We present a novel continuous-time ADC architecture suitable for this approach, that allows a programmable, highly compact, and power-efficient circuit implementation, while preserving the benefits of continuous-time ADC/DSP systems. In the process, first-order quantization error spectral shaping has been added, which improves the baseband SNDR. Implemented in 0.65-V 28-nm FDSOI process, the 0.0032mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ADC achieves 32-42 dB SNDR over a 10-50 MHz bandwidth while consuming 24μW, giving an FOM of 3-10 fJ/conversion-step. The ADC shows signal-amplitude-dependent power dissipation with a zero-input power of 8 μW.
Force controllable hydro-elastic actuator (2002)

We present a hydro-elastic actuator that has a linear spring intentionally placed in series between the hydraulic piston and actuator output. The spring strain is measured for an accurate estimate of force. This measurement alone is used in PI feedback to control the force in the actuator. The spring allows for high force fidelity, good force control, minimum impedance, and large dynamic range. A third order linear actuator model is divided into two fundamental cases: fixed load-high force (forward transfer function), and free load-zero force (impedance). These two equations completely describe the linear characteristics of the actuator. This model is presented with dimensional analysis to allow for generalization. A prototype actuator that demonstrates force control and low impedance is also presented. Dynamic analysis of the prototype actuator correlates well with the linear mathematical model.
Pharmacological and biochemical characterization of A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptors in Jurkat T cells (2001)

1. The present work was devoted to the study of A3 adenosine receptors in Jurkat cells, a human leukemia line. 2. The A3 subtype was found by means of RT-PCR experiments and characterized by using the new A3 adenosine receptor antagonist [3H]-MRE 3008F20, the only A3 selective radioligand currently available. Saturation experiments revealed a single high affinity binding site with K(D) of 1.9+/-0.2 nM and B(max) of 1.3+/-0.1 pmol mg(-1) of protein. 3. The pharmacological profile of [3H]-MRE 3008F20 binding on Jurkat cells was established using typical adenosine ligands which displayed a rank order of potency typical of the A3 subtype. 4. Thermodynamic data indicated that [3H]-MRE 3008F20 binding to A3 subtype in Jurkat cells was entropy- and enthalpy-driven, according with that found in cells expressing the recombinant human A3 subtype. 5. In functional assays the high affinity A3 agonists Cl-IB-MECA and IB-MECA were able to inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation and stimulate Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) pools followed by Ca(2+) influx. 6. The presence of the other adenosine subtypes was investigated in Jurkat cells. A1 receptors were characterized using [3H]-DPCPX binding with a K(D) of 0.9+/-0.1 nM and B(max) of 42+/-3 fmol mg(-1) of protein. A2A receptors were studied with [3H]-SCH 58261 binding and revealed a K(D) of 2.5+/-0.3 nM and a B(max) of 1.4+/-0.2 pmol mg(-1) of protein. 7. In conclusion, by means of the first antagonist radioligand [3H]-MRE 3008F20 we could demonstrate the existence of functional A3 receptors on Jurkat cells.
Hierarchical virtual partitioning: algorithms for virtual private networking (2002)

Hierarchical virtual partitioning facilitates sharing of a resource, such as a link, by multiple customers, each with multiple service classes. Calls of each service class have distinctive bandwidth requirements, arrival rates and mean holding times. The quality of service is in terms of call blocking probabilities. The algorithms allow the desired mix of fairness, robustness and multiplexing efficiency at each of two levels, namely, customers and the various services of each customer. The scheme relies on nominal allocations of capacities to each customer and service, and priorities in the call admission process, which are implemented by dynamic trunk reservations. An approximate method of analysis based on fixed point equations is given. A reward/penalty paradigm is devised to reflect the issues in virtual private networking and the performance of our algorithm compared to the optimal solution. The results show that the scheme is fair, efficient and robust.
Extending the Dynamic Range of Sweep-Free Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzer (2015)

Sweep-free Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (SF-BOTDA) replaces the sequential frequency scanning of classical BOTDA by parallel interrogation of the fiber-under-test using the simultaneous interaction of multiple pump tones with counter-propagating multiple probe tones. While the basic SF-BOTDA technique boosts the measurement speed by a factor equal to the number of probe tones used, its dynamic range is limited to approximately the pump tone spacing, which is of the order of 100 MHz. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of our method to significantly extend the dynamic range to the GHz regime. Based on sequential interrogation with up to three sets of multiple tones, each having a different frequency spacing, this method provides a major speed advantage over the classical BOTDA in spite of the use of three sets of tones. With this development, which does not require any additional hardware, SF-BOTDA offers distributed sensing of optical fibers over practical dynamic ranges of strain/temperature variations, with the potential to become one of the fastest sensing techniques.
Temperature-Compensated Fiber-Optic Current Sensor With Inline Faraday Rotator Mirror (2013)

We present a low-cost fiber-optic current sensor employing a Faraday rotator mirror for passive phase biasing. A novel temperature compensation method for alternating-current measurements is demonstrated, exploiting the temperature dependence of the Faraday-mirror rotation angle.
Hepatocytes are a rich source of novel aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A<sub>4</sub> (1999)

Novel aspirin (ASA)-triggered 15-epi-lipoxins (ATL) comprise new potent bioactive eicosanoids that may contribute to the therapeutic effect of this drug. ATL biosynthesis is initiated by ASA acetylation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and was originally identified during the interaction of leukocytes with either endothelial or epithelial cells. Here, we examined ATL biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes either alone or in coincubation with nonparenchymal liver cells (NPC) and in liver homogenates from ASA-treated rats. Rat hepatocytes and CC-1 cells, a rat hepatocyte cell line, displayed COX-1 but not COX-2 mRNA expression and predominantly produced thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE). In these cells, ASA shifted the arachidonic acid metabolism from TXA(2) to 15-HETE in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, neither indomethacin, ibuprofen, valeryl salicylate, nor nimesulide was able to trigger 15-HETE biosynthesis. SKF-525A, a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, significantly reduced the effect of ASA on 15-HETE biosynthesis. Furthermore, phenobarbital, a potent inducer of cytochrome P-450 activity, further increased ASA-induced 15-HETE production. ASA treatment of hepatocyte-NPC coincubations resulted in the generation of significant amounts of ATL. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrated augmented hepatic levels of 15-epi-lipoxin A(4) in ASA-treated rats. Taken together and considering that ASA is hydrolyzed on its first pass through the portal circulation, these data indicate that, during ASA's consumption, liver tissue generates biologically relevant amounts of ATL by COX-2-independent mechanisms.
Nanoparticle Clusters: Assembly and Control Over Internal Order, Current Capabilities, and Future Potential (2016)

The current state of the art in the use of colloidal methods to form nanoparticle assemblies, or clusters (NPCs) is reviewed. The focus is on the two-step approach, which exploits the advantages of bottom-up wet chemical NP synthesis procedures, with subsequent colloidal destabilization to trigger assembly in a controlled manner. Recent successes in the application of functional NPCs with enhanced emergent collective properties for a wide range of applications, including in biomedical detection, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement, photocatalysis, and light harvesting, are highlighted. The role of the NP-NP interactions in the formation of monodisperse ordered clusters is described and the different assembly processes from a wide range of literature sources are classified according to the nature of the perturbation from the initial equilibrium state (dispersed NPs). Finally, the future for the field and the anticipated role of computational approaches in developing next-generation functional NPCs are briefly discussed.
Demonstration of a wide bandwidth, low loss hollow core photonic bandgap fiber in the 1.55 μm wavelength region (2017)

We report a record wide 3dB bandwidth (235nm) for a low loss hollow core photonic bandgap fiber operating at 1.55µm. It is achieved by increasing the node/strut ratio in the cladding and optimizing surface mode position.
PRORENIN MEASUREMENT WITH A NOVEL PRORENIN KIT MAKING USE OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY DIRECTED AGAINST RESIDUES 30–43 OF THE PROSEGMENT: EFFECT OF TRYPSIN AND ALISKIREN: PP.24.459 (2010)

Objective and Methods: Prorenin measurement requires prorenin-renin conversion by trypsin, thus allowing its detection in an active-site-specific immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Alternatively, pretreatment with the renin inhibitor aliskiren induces a stable conformational change in the prorenin molecule, making it recognizable for an antibody directed against the active site, although the prosegment is still present (Batenburg et al., 2008). Recently, a prorenin ELISA has been developed by Molecular Innovations, which applies a prosegment specific monoclonal antibody (4B5-E3, against residues 30–43). This assay measures prorenin directly, without requiring trypsin or aliskiren pretreatment, and yields results within 3 hours. Here we applied this kit to human plasma samples (n = 17). A comparison was made with the prorenin measurements obtained indirectly with the above-mentioned renin IRMA (Cisbio, France). We also verified whether the antibody interferes with prorenin-renin conversion by trypsin. Prorenin generated in CHO cells was used as a standard. Results: Trypsin and aliskiren increased the renin levels detected with the IRMA from 33 ± 10 to 163 ± 43 and 197 ± 34 pg/mL, resp. (P = NS, r = 0.93). The prorenin levels calculated from these data (129 ± 35 and 164 ± 45 pg/mL, resp.) were not different from the prorenin levels measured with the new prorenin ELISA (99 ± 33 pg/mL; r = 0.82 and 0.88, resp.). Trypsin reduced the amount of prorenin detected with the ELISA by maximally 80%. Thus, trypsin cleavage occurs, at least partly, at a site that still allows detection by 4B5-E3. Aliskiren reduced the prorenin levels measured with the ELISA by 42 ± 9%, indicating that the aliskiren-induced conformational change hampers prosegment recognition by 4B5-E3. Finally, 4B5-E3, at concentrations >10 nM, reduced the increase in plasma renin observed with the IRMA after trypsin treatment by 50%. However, since it also reduced the renin measurements at baseline by 50%, it appears that 4B5-E3 binding interferes with the binding of the active site-directed antibody in the IRMA. Conclusion: The new kit allows rapid detection of prorenin, but should be used with care when measuring samples of aliskiren-treated patients.
Adaptive reshaper for high dynamic range and wide color gamut video compression (2016)

High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Wider Color Gamut (WCG) content represents a greater range of luminance levels and a more complete reproduction of colors found in real-world scenes. The characteristics of HDR/WCG content are very different from the SDR content. It poses a challenge to the compression system which is originally designed for SDR content. Recently in MPEG/VCEG, two directions have been taken to improve compression performances for HDR/WCG video using HEVC Main10 codec. The first direction is to improve HDR-10 using encoder optimization. The second direction is to modify the video signal in pre/post processing to better fit compression system. The process therefore is out of coding loop and does not involve changes to the HEVC specification. Among many proposals in the second direction, reshaper is identified to be the key component. In this paper, a novel luma reshaper is presented which re-allocates the codewords to help codec improve subjective quality. In addition, encoder optimization can be performed jointly with reshaping. Experiments are conducted with ICtCp color difference signal. Simulation results show that if both joint optimization of reshaper and encoder are carried out, there is evidence that improvement over the HDR-10 anchor can be achieved.
Bidirectional ESD Protection Device Using PNP With pMOS-Controlled Nwell Bias (2018)

We demonstrate a PNP-based bidirectional ESD protection device with base bias controlled by two pMOS transistors, realized in a 0.18-μm CMOS process for 5-7 V applications. With respect to the conventional floating-base PNP device, very similar ESD performance is achieved. Due to the presence of extra parasitic diodes, the dc breakdown (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BD</sub> ) and holding (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> ) voltages are extended up to 8.0 and 7.6 V at 150 °C, respectively. Only a very limited area increase is needed and no extra mask is required for this implementation.
Conformation‐specific antibodies against multiple amyloid protofibril species from a single amyloid immunogen (2019)

We engineered and employed a chaperone-like amyloid-binding protein Nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1) to stabilize human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) protofibrils for use as immunogen in mice. We obtained multiple monoclonal antibody (mAb) clones that were reactive against hIAPP protofibrils. A secondary screen was carried out to identify clones that cross-reacted with amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ42) protofibrils, but not with Aβ40 monomers. These mAbs were further characterized in several in vitro assays, in immunohistological studies of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in AD patient brain tissue. We show that mAbs obtained by immunizing mice with the NUCB1-hIAPP complex cross-react with Aβ42, specifically targeting protofibrils and inhibiting their further aggregation. In line with conformation-specific binding, the mAbs appear to react with an intracellular antigen in diseased tissue, but not with amyloid plaques. We hypothesize that the mAbs we describe here recognize a secondary or quaternary structural epitope that is common to multiple amyloid protofibrils. In summary, we report a method to create mAbs that are conformation-sensitive and sequence-independent and can target more than one type of protofibril species.
In-situ second harmonic generation measurements of the formation of ionically self-assembled monolayers (2001)

Recently, ionically self-assembled monolayers (ISAMs) of polymers with nonlinear optical chromophores have been shown to spontaneously exhibit a preferential ordering during the deposition process. This gives rise to a substantial second order nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Here, we use this second harmonic generation (SHG) to our advantage in the in situ study of the deposition of ISAMs. Upon immersion in the NLO-active polyelectrolyte solution, the SHG rises sharply over the first minute, demonstrating a rapid adsorption process. Immersion in the NLO-inactive partner polyelectrolyte leads to an instantaneous reduction in the SHG signal. We also show that the adsorption and ordering of a noncentrosymmetric nonlinear optical polymer increases with increasing PCBS concentration. These studies provide deeper understanding of the processes by which noncentrosymmetric order is formed in ISAM films and allows design of improved self-assembled nonlinear optical materials.
Combination vibration damper and fastener for union of two panels (1984)

First Page
Applicability of SOS-FR (Steam-Over-Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs) Method for Heavy-Oil Recovery from Deep Fractured Carbonates (2009)

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference. Abstract Tapping heavy-oil from fractured carbonates is a real challenge due to unfavourable rock and reservoir characteristics. Thermal or solvent injection techniques are two possible options to mobilize -matrix- oil of naturally fractured reservoirs by reducing its viscosity. Reservoir heating, however, becomes a necessity as the oil gravity gets lower and steam injection is the only effective way to heat the matrix containing oil using the fracture network as conduit to distribute steam. Reservoirs at marginal depths for effective steam injection (&gt;800 m) adds more difficulty to the problem. The application eventually becomes hot-water injection but the efficiency of the process could be improved by adding a solvent component. We introduced a new technique called Steam-Over-Solvent in Fractured Reservoirs (SOS-FR) for efficient heavy-oil recovery from fractured reservoirs, more specifically carbonates. The process consists of cyclical injection of steam and solvent in the following manner: Phase-1: Steam injection to heat up the matrix and recover oil mainly by thermal expansion, Phase-2: Solvent injection to produce matrix oil through diffusion-imbibition-drainage processes, and Phase-3: Steam injection to retrieve injected solvent and recover more heavy-oil. Our preliminary experiments run under static conditions, i.e., soaking the sample into hot water and solvent alternately (SPE 117626) showed that, under very unfavorable conditions (oil-wet carbonates and sandstones, 14,000 cp crude), oil recovery at the end of Phase-3 was around 85–90% OOIP with 80–85% solvent retrieval, which was mainly due to wettability alteration. This paper presents further experimental results specifically on carbonates. Heptane was selected as the solvent to inject through a single-matrix/single-fracture oil-wet carbonates saturated with 14,000 cp oil. The previous static experiments were compared to the dynamic ones to reach a conclusion on optimal injection scheme; cyclic or continuous. For this analysis, the experimental results were matched to a single matrix/single fracture numerical model and parameters needed for field scale simulation (matrix-fracture interaction parameters such as thermal diffusion, solvent diffusion and dispersion coefficients) were obtained. Using the data obtained through matching, field scale simulations were performed. The main focus was the matrix size and first an up-scaling study to field conditions was performed. Then, a field-scale sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the optimal injection scheme for different depths (soaking time for cyclic and injection rate for continuous injection) and durations, and surface steam quality. Specific observations and conclusions as to how to apply this technique in the field economically were reported. It is hoped this new technique will be an alternative for tapping heavy matrix oil from oil-wet, fractured, deep, carbonate fields.
A novel method for pulmonary emboli visualization from high-resolution CT images (2004)

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is one of the most common causes of unexpected death in the US. The recent introduction of 16-slice Computed Tomography (CT) machines allows the acquisition of very high-resolution datasets. This has made CT a more attractive means for diagnosing PE, especially for previously difficult to identify small subsegmental peripheral emboli. However, the large size of these datasets makes it desirable to have an automated method to help radiologists focus directly on potential candidates that might otherwise be overlooked. We propose a novel method to highlight potential PEs on a 3D representation of the pulmonary arterial tree. First lung vessels are segmented using mathematical morphology techniques. The density values inside the vessels are then used to color the outside of a Shaded Surface Display (SSD) of the vessel tree. As PEs are clots of significantly lower Hounsfield Unit (HU) values than surrounding contrast-enhanced blood, they appear as salient contrasted patches in this 3D rendering. During preliminary testing on 6 datasets 19 PEs out of 22 were detected (sensitivity 86%) with 2 false positives for every true positive (Positive Predictive Value 33%).
Double blockade of cell cycle at g(1)-s transition and m phase by 3-iodoacetamido benzoyl ethyl ester, a new type of tubulin ligand. (2002)

3-Iodoacetamido benzoyl ethyl ester (3-IAABE) is a new compound synthesized in our laboratory. The primary action of 3-IAABE is to inhibit microtubule assembly by interacting with -SH groups on tubulin. In contrast to other known microtubule disrupters, 3-IAABE caused a double blockade in the cell cycle at G(1)-S transition and in M phase. The blockade was determined by cell cycle analysis and chromosome distribution. Kinase activities of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 responsible for the G(1)-S transition were increased, as were the activities of mitotic cyclin B and cdc2. 3-IAABE treatment also increased p53 expression and dephosphorylated (or activated) retinoblastoma protein. Investigation of the signal transduction pathway showed that 3-IAABE induced bcl-2 phosphorylation, followed by activation of caspase-9, -3, and -6, but not caspase-8. DNA fragmentation factor and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, the downstream substrates of caspase-3 and -6, were cleaved after 3 h of exposure to 3-IAABE, followed by DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment of the cells with inhibitors of caspase-9, -3, or -6, respectively, inhibited the cleavage of DNA fragmentation factor and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and thus inhibited the onset of apoptosis. 3-IAABE showed antitumor activities in the panel of 60 National Cancer Institute human tumor cell lines with total growth inhibition in the range of 0.22-4.3 micro M for solid tumor lines and 0.025-0.22 micro M for leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. The 3-IAABU total growth inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated healthy human lymphocytes was 450-fold greater than that of leukemic cells. 3-IAABE significantly inhibited the growth of human hepatocarcinoma (BEL-7402) in nude mice by 72% in tumor volume, more strongly than did vincristine (43 percent inhibition). Besides being a novel lead for the design of new anticancer tubulin ligands, the activity of 3-IAABE in the cell cycle may also help us to understand the molecular pharmacology of microtubule-active drugs.