gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface modification of UHMWPE fibers (1994)

Abstract Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers have a high specific strength, high specific modulus, and outstanding toughness, but their poor adhesive properties has limited their use for composite material applications. In this research, the effects of chemical etching on the surface chemistry and topography have been explored using chromic acid, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide etching. The smooth surface observed on the as‐received fiber was rich in ether and/or hydroxyl oxygen. This smooth surface resulted from the presence of an outer layer, a weak boundary layer, that was removed by all the etchants. A fibrillar structural hierarchy was revealed beneath this outer layer and the fiber was relatively unchanged by further etching. Chromic acid, the strongest etchant studied, produced a rough and oxidized UHMWPE surface with both ether and carbonyl oxygen. The combination of outer layer removal, roughness, and changes in oxygen bonding helps explain the improved adhesion on chromic acid etching in spite of the reduction in surface oxygen. Neither hydrogen peroxide nor potassium permanganate etching roughened or oxidized the surface to a great extent and neither yielded improved adhesion. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lights, Camera, Action: Using Film and Graphic Novels to Explore Themes of Power and Social Control in the High School English Classroom (2009)

This paper analyzes how 10 teachers in a literacy master’s program interpret, value, and implement media literacy education following a semester-long course. Interview data are analyzed using the Belenky et al’s Women’s Ways of Knowing framework. While all participants valued what they understood media literacy to mean, some confused ML with technology. Implementation reflected participants’ varied understandings. Some participants integrated ML into existing units, which lead students to critical analysis and creation of media. Findings suggest 3 challenges for ML educators: contextual limitations and restrictions, ML content knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge.
Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2013)

No evidence supports the use of PLV in ALI or ARDS; some evidence suggests an increased risk of adverse events associated with its use.
Anticonvulsant Serum Levels Are Useful Only If the Physician Appropriately Uses Them: An Assessment of the Impact of Providing Serum Level Data to Physicians (1983)

The ability to measure serum levels of anticonvulsants has been a significant advance in the treatment of epilepsy. This technique enables practitioners to monitor a patient's plasma concentration, to detect potential toxicity, and to assess compliance with the prescribed regimen. A retrospective study of 164 adults with epilepsy was conducted to evaluate how serum anticonvulsant determinations were used by physicians in their treatment of epilepsy. Results indicate that the availability of test results did not improve the degree of seizure control, nor did it diminish patient reports of toxicity. In 17% of therapeutic decisions, prescribers did not appear to use the blood levels appropriately in their therapeutic decision-making process. When physicians did appropriately utilize information from serum levels, the degree of seizure control improved significantly compared with when the prescribers did not use this information. The cost of determining serum levels of anticonvulsants is justified only if the information is appropriately utilized.
T-shaped decoupling network for wideband isolation improvement between two strongly coupled antennas (2015)

A compact T-shaped network for decreasing the port-to-port coupling between two strongly coupled antennas is investigated. The proposed circuit comprises of a pair of transmission lines followed by the T-shaped lumped element network connected between the two feeds of the antenna. Finally, a simple L-section matching circuit is added to each port to retune the input impedance matching. The proposed network gives a dual-resonant decoupling performance achieving isolation levels of 20 dB across 250 MHz bandwidth at 2.4GHz. The length of the transmission line is designed to introduce a trade-off between the decoupling level and bandwidth. This T-shaped network does not significantly decrease the antenna radiation efficiency. The experimental results coincide with the simulations. The decoupled closely spaced antennas could be used for Multiple-input Multiple-Output (MIMO) applications.
Tracking Area Update Procedure Unnecessary in 5G: Improving User Experience and Offloading Signaling Overhead (2018)

In Long Term Evolution (LTE) and future 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Generation (5G) wireless networks, the two procedures that are essential to track and locate mobile User Equipments (UEs) within the network are known as Tracking Area Update (TAU) and Paging. These procedures are burdensome for both mobile UEs and serving network-the mobile UEs and serving network always initiate the TAU and Paging procedures, respectively. Because of potentially very high-volume traffic and increasing density of high-mobility UEs, the TAU/Paging procedure increases not only the accompanied signaling overhead but also the power consumption in the battery-limited UEs. Hence, this problem will become even worse in future 5G networks because the latter is expected to accommodate exceptional services, such as supporting mission-critical systems (close-to-zero latency) and extending battery lifetime (10 times longer).We propose a new solution to solve this problem, named gNB-based UE Mobility Tracking (gNB-based UeMT). This solution has four features achieving 5G goals. First, the mobile UEs will no longer trigger the TAU to report their location changes, giving much more power saving with no signaling overhead. Instead, second, the network elements, gNBs, take over the responsibility of tracking and locating these UEs, giving always-known UE locations. Third, the Paging procedure is markedly improved over the conventional one, providing very fast UE reachability with no Paging messages being sent simultaneously. Fourth, this solution guarantees lightweight signaling overhead with very low Paging delay. To this end, this solution adds no implementation complexity; instead, it exploits the already existed LTE/5G communication protocols, functions, and measurement reports.
Genetical and Physiological Investigations on Mutants for Polyenoic Fatty Acids in Rapeseed (<i>Brassies napus</i> L.) III. Breeding Behaviour and Performance<sup>*</sup> (1987)

Abstract Rapeseed oil is marked by, 1 too low content of linoleic acid and a too high, content of linolenic acid to meet the nutritional quality requirements. First mutants with a considerably improved poly en OIL fatty acid (t.a.) pattern were low in vigour and seed yield. The present experiments were set out to analyze their mode of inheritance and to check the hypothesis chat a low linolenic acid content of the thylakoid membranes inhibits sufficiently high yields of such mutants for physiological reasons. Six independently induced mutants transmitted the high linoleic and low (or in one cast high linoleic acid content of their seed oil by one recessive gene: two expressed allele mutated allele in an intermediate fashion. Of six double mutants of various origin, three revealed an independent, additive action of two loci for the changed polyenoic f.a. contents, while in the three others the mutant alleles exerted partial dominance over their plus alleles. One or two backcrosses with productive varieties improved the performance of the mutants stepwise over the original types. It is therefore, concluded that mutations towards the desired polyenoic f.a. convent are not necessarily incompatible with high seed yields, when the responsible genes are transferred into an appropriate genetic background. But strong effects of environment on yield, oil content and polyenoic f.a. content of the mutants were still seen in a yield test of second backcross progenies.
Comparative analyses of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterases of human peripheral blood monocytes and cultured P388D1 cells. (1980)

Abstract Human monocytes (95% purity) were isolated from defibrinated venous blood by centrifugation through Ficoll-Hypaque followed by adherence to polystyrene dishes. Freshly isolated monocytes or those cultured for 6 days contained a soluble high-affinity cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterase (Km, 1.1 ± 0.2 µm) that resembled the enzyme from human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL), which was described previously. Other similarities include: (a) lack of activity in particulate fractions of the cell; (b) linear Lineweaver-Burk plots of cyclic AMP hydrolysis; and (c) phosphodiesterase activities sedimenting at 3.5 to 4.0S and 5.5 to 6.0S as determined by centrifugation on linear sucrose gradients. The monocyte enzyme had a higher maximum velocity (9.0 ± 2.4 pmol/min/106 cells) than that from HPBL. Like that from HPBL, the activity of the 3.5 to 4.0S enzyme form of monocytes was greatly elevated after incubation of sonicates for 24 hr at 4° or after culture of the cells with 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine for 24 hr. Unlike HPBL, activation of the phosphodiesterase by 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine was blocked completely by 7 µm cycloheximide. The high-affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity of freshly isolated monocytes was not affected by phagocytosis of styrene beads, by killed Staphylococcus aureus, or by culture with insulin (4 or 200 nm). No cyclic guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity was detectable in monocyte sonicates. The “macrophage-like” P388D1 cell line contained cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity which exhibited nonlinear kinetic plots and maximum velocities higher than that from HPBL or monocytes. Culture of P388D1 cells for 24 hr with 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine and/or insulin did not affect cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. These differences from monocytes further emphasize that the P388D1 cell line is not “macrophage-like” in relation to cyclic AMP metabolism.
On Iris Spoofing Using Print Attack (2014)

Human iris contains rich textural information which serves as the key information for biometric identifications. It is very unique and one of the most accurate biometric modalities. However, spoofing techniques can be used to obfuscate or impersonate identities and increase the risk of false acceptance or false rejection. This paper revisits iris recognition with spoofing attacks and analyzes their effect on the recognition performance. Specifically, print attack with contact lens variations is used as the spoofing mechanism. It is observed that print attack and contact lens, individually and in conjunction, can significantly change the inter-personal and intra-personal distributions and thereby increase the possibility to deceive the iris recognition systems. The paper also presents the IIITD iris spoofing database, which contains over 4800 iris images pertaining to over 100 individuals with variations due to contact lens, sensor, and print attack. Finally, the paper also shows that cost effective descriptor approaches may help in counter-measuring spooking attacks.
Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy of breast lesions (2011)

OBJECTIVE: To review the role of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy (CNB) in the management of breast lesions. METHODS: Review of the most relevant literature on this topic. RESULTS: This technique shows a high sensitivity value of about 97.5% and it offers many advantages over other imaging techniques to guide a biopsy: non-ionising radiation, low cost, full control of the needle in real time, accessibility in difficult locations, multidirectional punctures and excellent comfort for patients and radiologists. All of these advantages have made this technique the most widespread used to perform a biopsy for a suspicious breast lesion. The most important limitation is the failure to perform a biopsy for lesions that are not seen on ultrasound. An adequate radiological-pathological correlation is necessary to minimise the false-negative results. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided CNB has proven to be a reliable technique for performing a biopsy for breast lesions that can be clearly seen on ultrasound.
The Pel Polysaccharide Can Serve a Structural and Protective Role in the Biofilm Matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2011)

Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are a key constituent of the extracellular matrix material of biofilms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a model organism for biofilm studies and produces three extracellular polysaccharides that have been implicated in biofilm development, alginate, Psl and Pel. Significant work has been conducted on the roles of alginate and Psl in biofilm development, however we know little regarding Pel. In this study, we demonstrate that Pel can serve two functions in biofilms. Using a novel assay involving optical tweezers, we demonstrate that Pel is crucial for maintaining cell-to-cell interactions in a PA14 biofilm, serving as a primary structural scaffold for the community. Deletion of pelB resulted in a severe biofilm deficiency. Interestingly, this effect is strain-specific. Loss of Pel production in the laboratory strain PAO1 resulted in no difference in attachment or biofilm development; instead Psl proved to be the primary structural polysaccharide for biofilm maturity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Pel plays a second role by enhancing resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. This protection occurs only in biofilm populations. We show that expression of the pel gene cluster and PelF protein levels are enhanced during biofilm growth compared to liquid cultures. Thus, we propose that Pel is capable of playing both a structural and a protective role in P. aeruginosa biofilms.
De schaduwzijde van stedelijk economisch succes. Barcelona en Helsinki (2008)

Het Nederlandse regionaal-economisch beleid is niet langer gericht op verkleining van de verschillen tussen regio’s, maar op stimulering van kansrijke stedelijke regio’s. Barcelona en Helsinki zijn inspiratiebron voor menige stad. Hun economische succes kent echter ook minder fraaie kanten
High-temperature thermomagnetic properties of vivianite nodules, Lake El'gygytgyn, Northeast Russia (2013)

Abstract. Vivianite, a hydrated iron phosphate, is abundant in sediments of Lake El'gygytgyn, located in the Anadyr Mountains of central Chukotka, northeastern Russia (67°30′ N, 172°05′ E). Magnetic measurements, including mass-specific low-field AC magnetic susceptibility, field-dependent magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis parameters, temperature dependence of the induced magnetization, as well as susceptibility in different heating media, provide ample information on vivianite nodules. Electron microprobe analyses, electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to identify diagnostic minerals. Vivianite nodules are abundant in both sediments of cold (anoxic) and warm (oxic) stages. Magnetic susceptibility of the nodules varies from 0.78 × 10−6 m3 kg−1 to 1.72 × 10−6 m3 kg−1 (average = 1.05 × 10−6 m3 kg−1) and is higher than the susceptibility of sediments from the cold intervals. Magnetic properties of vivianite are due to the respective product of oxidation as well as sediment and mineral inclusions. Three types of curves for high-temperature dependent susceptibility of vivianite indicate different degrees of oxidation and inclusions in the nodules. Vivianite acts as a reductant and reduces hematite to magnetite and masks the goethite–hematite transition during heating. Heating vivianite and sulfur mixtures stimulates the formation of monoclinic pyrrhotite. An additive of arsenic inhibits the formation of magnetite prior to its Curie temperature. Heating selective vivianite and pyrite mixtures leads to formation of several different minerals – magnetite, monoclinic pyrrhotite, and hexagonal pyrrhotite, and makes it difficult to interpret the thermomagnetic curves.
MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF RADIOLYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN DEFENSE WASTE PROCESSING SLURRIES AT SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (2015)

This work was prepared under an agreement with and funded by the U.S. Government. Neither the U. S. Government or its employees, nor any of its contractors, subcontractors or their employees, makes any express or implied: 1. warranty or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or for the use or results of such use of any information, product, or process disclosed; or 2. representation that such use or results of such use would not infringe privately owned rights; or 3. endorsement or recommendation of any specifically identified commercial product, process, or service. Any views and opinions of authors expressed in this work do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, or its contractors, or subcontractors.
The Role of Cancer Research in Noncommunicable Disease Control (2012)

Noncommunicable diseases were estimated to claim more than 36 million lives worldwide in 2008. Major contributors to this burden were cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. The United Nations General Assembly held a high-level meeting on noncommunicable diseases in September 2011 for heads of states and governments, conscious of the projected increases in disease incidence, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This meeting followed the Special Session on HIV/AIDS in 2001, the only other high-level meeting to discuss a health topic and orient the global political agenda toward a growing threat to human development. Proposed strategies for control of noncommunicable diseases focused mainly on the shared risk factors of tobacco, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet. However, for cancer, a broader response is required. Notably, the heterogeneity of cancer with respect to its geographical distribution, etiology, and pathology all demand a more nuanced, regional, or even local approach. Preparations for the meeting elicited enormous attention from governments and nongovernmental organizations, but the engagement of the research community was less evident. This commentary calls for the involvement of the cancer research community in response to the further action detailed in the United Nations Political Declaration emanating from the meeting, identifies a number of cancer-specific priorities, including vaccination against hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, cervical cancer screening, and early detection of breast cancer, and suggests areas where cancer research can provide the evidence base for cancer control, notably in improving the quality and coverage of cancer registration, elucidating cancer etiology, and evaluating interventions, including their implementation in low-resource health-care settings. Finally, the need for global cooperation in developing a research agenda for low- and middle-income countries is highlighted.
Immune response to immunization via the anterior chamber of the eye. II. An analysis of F1 lymphocyte-induced immune deviation. (1978)

Exposure to alloantigen via the anterior chamber of the eye elicits a transient suppression of cellular immunity, whereas humoral immunity is preserved--i.e. F1 LI-ID. The majority of lymphoid cells inoculated into the anterior chamber are retained within the posterior segment of the eye. The latter serves as a depot of alloantigen, allowing the chronic egress of small numbers of cells into the vascular tree. The persistence of this antigen depot is essential to the development of F1 LI-ID. Since there is a preferential distribution of cells that migrate from the eye to the spleen, the functional integrity of the latter is also necessary to elicit F1 LI-ID. It is concluded that an anatomically intact spleen, i.v. presentation of antigen, and persistence of antigen within the eye are all important to the elicitation of this phenomenon.
Opto-ferroelectric memories using vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene copolymers (1989)

It is shown how ferroelectric polymers can be applied to an erasable optical memory. The medium developed consists of a dye-doped vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer film with a thickness of 2 mu m, spin-coated onto an ITO-coated glass plate. Information is written in terms of sequences of positive and negative polarizations generated by irradiating a focused laser beam of approximately 5- mu m diameter, in the presence of sign-controlled electric fields. The data are read out pyroelectrically by scanning the laser beam. A C/N ratio of 48 dB has been obtained for the 0/1 data train, in a 20- mu m pitch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Synthesis of Fsp<sup>3</sup>-Rich, Bis-Spirocyclic-Based Compound Libraries for Biological Screening (2016)

The exploration of innovative chemical space is a critical step in the early phases of drug discovery. Bis-spirocyclic frameworks occur in natural products and other biologically relevant metabolites and show attractive features, such as molecular compactness, structural complexity, and three-dimensional character. A concise approach to the synthesis of bis-spirocyclic-based compound libraries starting from readily available commercial reagents and robust chemical transformations has been developed. A number of novel bis-spirocyclic scaffold examples, as implemented in the European Lead Factory project, is presented.
Advanced Flow Assurance System For The Ormen Lange Subsea Gas Development (2009)

Abstract Ormen Lange Flow Assurance System (FAS) is to date the most advanced real time and simulation support system for operators, flow assurance engineers and management. The system is delivered by FMC Technologies with SPT Group and Prediktor as sub-suppliers. The Ormen Lange field is the largest gas sub-sea development of its kind with onshore processing facilities at the Nyhamna on the west-coast of Norway. Several flow assurance challenges must be taken care of to enable secure and stable production in deep water (down to 1100 m/ 3600 Feet), low temperature (-2°C/ 29F) at the seabed in addition to long distance (120 Km/75 Miles) to shore through rough sub-sea terrain. Such conditions highly expose the production system to potential flow assurance phenomena like hydrate formation, liquid holdup, water breakthrough etc.. Ormen Lange FAS represent a barrier breaking system and play an important role in production monitoring and operator support. The system includes the following modules:Virtual Flow Metering System (VFMS):Model generated values of flow rates (gas, condensate and water) as backup to physical multiphase meters, sensor surveillance and leakage detection.Pipeline Monitoring System (PMS):Model generated values of pipeline flowing conditions and onshore receiving facilities.MEG Injection and Monitoring System (MIMCS):Continuous MEG injection monitoring and optimization.Production Choke Control System (PCCS):Individual well production chokes control for overall field optimization.Formation Water Monitoring System:Monitoring and alarm generation when / if formation water breakthrough is indicated. The system is based on advanced usage of statistical process control. Based on practical experience gained in the period from December 2007 up until now, this paper focus on the systems potential of early detection of flow assurance problems, sensor and metering surveillance and how the system is being used to solve practical day to day operational challenges. During the last years, the status of the Ormen Lange development project has been reported during OTC, as well as in other conferences and in papers, covering a multitude of disciplines and methods in order to finalize such a grand challenge. In 2007 there was a dedicated technical session for the Ormen Lange development as part of the OTC program, /1/, /2/, /3/, /4/, /5/, /6/ and /7/.