gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Red blood cell regulation of microvascular tone through adenosine triphosphate (2000)

The matching of blood flow with metabolic need requires a mechanism for sensing the needs of the tissue and communicating that need to the arterioles, the ultimate controllers of tissue perfusion. Despite significant strides in our understanding of blood flow regulation, the identity of the O(2) sensor has remained elusive. Recently, the red blood cell, the Hb-containing O(2) carrier, has been implicated as a potential O(2) sensor and contributor to this vascular control by virtue of its concomitant carriage of millimolar amounts of ATP, which it is able to release when exposed to a low-O(2) environment. To evaluate this possibility, we exposed perfused cerebral arterioles to low extraluminal O(2) in the absence and presence of red blood cells or 6% dextran and determined both vessel diameter and ATP in the vessel effluent. Only when the vessels were perfused with red blood cells did the vessels dilate in response to low extraluminal O(2). In addition, this response was accompanied by a significant increase in vessel effluent ATP. These findings support the hypothesis that the red blood cell itself serves a role in determining O(2) supply to tissue.
Fault-Tolerant Aircraft Control Based on Self-Constructing Fuzzy Neural Network for Quadcopter (2021)

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant aircraft control method based on a self-constructed fuzzy neural network for quadcopters with multiple actuator faults. We first introduce the actuator failure model and the model uncertainty. Subsequently, we establish a framework for a self-constructed fuzzy neural network observer with an adaptive rate to obtain the estimated value of the nonlinear term of the module uncertainty. We also design a multivariable sliding mode fault-tolerant controller to ensure the stability of the aircraft under this fault condition. Finally, we conduct experiments using the Pixhawk 4 flight controller installed on the QBall-X4 UAV experimental platform, such that the use of the flight controller’s fault coprocessor and redundant sensor design reduces the crash that occurs during the debugging of the control algorithm. Compared to the existing intelligent fault-tolerant control technology, our proposed method employs fewer fuzzy rules, and the number of these rules can be adaptively adjusted when the system model changes. In the experimental test, the aircraft was still able to fly stably under multi-actuator failure and interference conditions, thereby proving the stability of the proposed controller.
Pd—Xantphos‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Nucleosides. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Whole Cell Imprinting in Sol-Gel Thin Films for Bacterial Recognition in Liquids: Macromolecular Fingerprinting (2010)

Thin films of organically modified silica (ORMOSILS) produced by a sol-gel method were imprinted with whole cells of a variety of microorganisms in order to develop an easy and specific probe to concentrate and specifically identify these microorganisms in liquids (e.g., water). Microorganisms with various morphology and outer surface components were imprinted into thin sol-gel films. Adsorption of target microorganism onto imprinted films was facilitated by these macromolecular fingerprints as revealed by various microscopical examinations (SEM, AFM, HSEM and CLSM). The imprinted films showed high selectivity toward each of test microorganisms with high adsorption affinity making them excellent candidates for rapid detection of microorganisms from liquids.
Sketching, searching, and customizing visualizations: a content-based approach to design retrieval (1997)

We present new techniques for retrieval of data-graphics and a system, SageBook, that employs these techniques to facilitate the process of visualization design. Design is an important activity in many different disciplines, including engineering, science, and business, but current systems provide little support for non-expert users to design new graphics for use in data analysis. SageBook’s approach is to provide expertise through the retrieval and reuse of previously successful designs. The design task places new demands on retrieval technology because it requires not only a good search engine but also effective tools to pose queries, browse results, and adapt previous designs for reuse. Despite our focus on data-graphic design, the concepts presented can be transferred to other design activities.
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Derived from Thalidomide (2003)

Several N-3,5-dimethylphenylphthalimide analogs possessing more potent cyclooxygenase-inhibiting activity than that of aspirin were prepared during structural development studies based on thalidomide. Substituent effects on the activity were investigated.
Psoriasis induced by interferon-α (1991)

Recombinant human interferon-alpha has been used in the treatment of several cancers, but there have been several reports that it may exacerbate psoriasis or trigger off its onset. We report four patients, three of whom first developed psoriasis and one who had an aggravation of the condition during treatment with interferon-alpha. Three of the patients had the carcinoid syndrome and one a renal carcinoma, and all were treated with interferon-alpha 2b or 2a (IFN-alpha 2b, 2a) with doses ranging from 1.5 x 10(6) U daily to 18 x 10(6) U three times weekly. In two of the patients there appeared to be a correlation between the severity of the psoriasis and the dosage of interferon.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-poly(ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers (2001)

The preparation of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) triblock copolymers using three different strategies is described. Experimentally, a method we have called “thermal” is the simplest one of the three employed. However, it presents serious limitations for the preparation of high molecular weight triblock copolymers with low polydispersity. The titration method is a more elegant alternative to prepare the PS-b-PEO-b-PCL triblock copolymers. Nevertheless, the stoichiometric titration of the precursor terminal hydroxyl groups requires much expertise, and it becomes more difficult as the concentration of such terminal groups decreases when the precursor molecular weight increases. Finally, the sequential method may be regarded as the most convenient one. However, the experimental steps involved a solvent exchange during polymerization that must be performed under conditions of strict purity and high vacuum. Several triblock and pentablock copolymers of varying compositions and molecular weights were successfully prepared. The fact that these copolymers contain two crystallizable blocks, i.e., PEO and PCL, makes them very interesting from a structural point of view. The copolymers were found to be phase segregated according to evidence provided by DSC and WAXS. The crystallization and melting behavior of both PEO and PCL blocks is greatly affected by composition. Fractionated crystallization phenomena were detected when either one or both blocks constituted the minor components within the block copolymers.
On $l_q$ Optimization and Matrix Completion (2012)

Rank minimization problems, which consist of finding a matrix of minimum rank subject to linear constraints, have been proposed in many areas of engineering and science. A specific problem is the matrix completion problem in which a low rank data matrix can be recovered from incomplete samples of its entries by solving a rank penalized least squares problem. The rank penalty is in fact the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> “norm” of the matrix singular values. A recent convex relaxation of this penalty is the commonly used <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm of the matrix singular values. In this paper, we bridge the gap between these two penalties and propose the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lq</i> , 0 <; <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> <; 1 penalized least squares problem for matrix completion. An iterative algorithm is developed by solving a non-standard optimization problem and a non-trivial convergence result is proved. We illustrate with simulations comparing the reconstruction quality of the three matrix singular value penalty functions: <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lq</i> , 0 <; <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> <; 1.
DNA binding specificity and transactivation properties of SREBP-2 bound to multiple sites on the human apoA-II promoter (1999)

DNase I footprinting of the apoA-II promoter using sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 [(SREBP-2 (1-458)] expressed in bacteria identified four protected regions, designated AIIAB (-64 to -48), AIICD (-178 to -154), AIIDE (-352 to -332) and AIIK (-760 to -743), which bind SREBP-2 and contain either palindromic or direct repeat motifs. Potassium permanganate and dimethyl sulfate interference experiments using the AIIAB region as probe showed that the nucleotides of a decameric palindromic repeat RTCAMVTGMY and two 5' T residues participate in DNA-protein interactions. SREBP-2 transactivated the intact (-911/+29) apoA-II promoter 1.7-fold and truncated apoA-II promoter segments which contain one, two or three SREBP-2 sites 11- to 17-fold in HepG2 cells. Transactivation of a promoter construct containing the binding site AIIAB and the apoA-II enhancer, which includes the binding site AIIK, was abolished by mutations in element AIIAB. An SREBP-2 mutant defective in DNA binding caused a dose-dependent repression of the apoA-II promoter activity. Repression was also caused by an SREBP-2 mutant which lacks the N-terminal activation domain (residues 1-93) but binds normally to its cognate sites. In contrast, a double SREBP-2 mutant which lacks both the DNA binding and the activation domains has no effect on the apoA-II promoter activity. Overall, the findings suggest that SREBP-2 can transactivate the apoA-II promoter by binding to multiple sites. Furthermore, the repression caused by the DNA binding deficient mutants results from squelching of positive activator(s) which appear to recognize the activation domain of SREBP-2.
Fermented milk products: effects of lactose hydrolysis and fermentation conditions on the rheological properties (2015)

Lactose-free dairy products become increasingly important for lactose-intolerant consumers, but there are only few studies concerning the rheological properties of fermented dairy products from lactose-hydrolysed milk. Hydrolysation was performed with commercial β-galactosidase either before or during fermentation (co-hydrolysis). In each trial, fermentation of the base milk was carried out simultaneously using the same starter cultures for (a) untreated milk (reference) (b) hydrolysed milk as substrate and (c) by performing lactose hydrolysis and fermentation simultaneously (co-hydrolysis). In total, five thermophilic starter cultures and two products (yoghurt and Greek-style yoghurt) were investigated. Results show that the influence of hydrolysis of lactose on the properties of the fermented dairy products strongly depends on starter culture and substrate. For starters C and D, apparent viscosity (extracted from flow curves at a shear rate of 75 s−1) of fermented milks was only marginally affected by lactose hydrolysis, ranging between approx. 0.34–0.31 and 0.37–0.31 Pa.s, respectively. Hydrolysed products from starters A and E exhibited significant lower apparent viscosity (0.16 and 0.24 Pa.s) compared with their respective references (0.29 and 0.35 Pa.s). Fermentation of both substrates (regular yoghurt, Greek-style yoghurt) with starter B resulted in a decrease of yield stress and apparent viscosity because of lactose hydrolysis only for Greek-style yoghurt. Furthermore, a trend towards higher EPS synthesis was found when using hydrolysed milk. The results clearly show that products made from lactose-hydrolysed milk with similar rheological properties as the reference product can be obtained but that there is a lack of information concerning the complex interactions between starter culture and milk substrate.
Epigenetic Modulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor β2 by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma (2005)

The HDAC inhibitor MS-275 seems to revert retinoid resistance due to epigenetic silencing of RARbeta2 in a human RCC model and has greater antitumor activity in combination with CRA compared with single agents. Thus, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and retinoids may represent a novel therapeutic approach in patients with RCC.
Preparation and evaluation of aceclofenac topical microemulsion. (2010)

A topical preparation containing aceclofenac was developed using an o/w microemulsion system. Isopropyl myristate was chosen as the oil phase as it showed a good solubilising capacity. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to obtain the concentration ranges of the oil, surfactant (Labrasol) and co-surfactant (plurol oleique) for microemulsion formation. Five different formulations were formulated with various amount of the oil (5-25%), water (10-50%), and the mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant at the ratio of 4 (45-65%). In vitro permeability of aceclofenac from the microemulsions was evaluated using Keshary Chien diffusion cells with 0.45-μm cellulose acetate membrane. The amount of the aceclofenac permeated was analyzed by HPLC and the droplet size and zeta potential of the microemulsions was determined using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS. The mean diameters of the microemulsion droplets approximately ranged between 154 - 434 nm, and the permeability of aceclofenac incorporated into the microemulsion systems was 3 folds higher than that of the marketed formulation. These results indicate that the microemulsion system studied is a promising tool for percutaneous delivery of aceclofenac.
Protein and energy evaluation of soybean meals processed from genetically modified high-protein soybeans (2000)

A conventional and two genetically modified soybean samples were processed to dehulled soybean meal (SBM) at a pilot plant and were compared with SBM from a commercial processing plant. Crude protein levels (%) of the experimental SBM samples were M700, 52.5; M702, 53.4; and M703, 62.7. The commercial SBM sample (UI) contained 47.5% protein. Amino acid, gross energy, lipid, and fiber analyses were carried out, and true metabolizable energy and true amino acid digestibility were determined with adult cecectomized cockerels. Digestible Lys, Met, Cys, Thr, and Val, and also TMEn, were higher (P < 0.05) and NDF, fat, and phospholipids were lower in M703 than in the other SBM samples. The results of this study indicate that M703 has considerable advantages over conventional SBM as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.
Computer-controlled positive end-expiratory pressure titration for effective oxygenation without frequent blood gases (1988)

We have previously designed a computerized system to automatically deliver PEEP to maintain functional residual capacity (FRC) at a desired value. The purpose of this study was to compare the computerized PEEP titration system with a standard clinical PEEP titration algorithm in the animal adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model. Thirty mongrel dogs were anesthetized, paralyzed, intubated, and ventilated. An acute pulmonary injury was produced using 0.09 ml/kg of oleic acid. The animals were then given PEEP for 5 h. Arterial and venous blood gases, BP, thermodilution cardiac output, heart rate, body temperature, total respiratory system compliance (Ctr), and end-tidal CO2 were measured every 30 min. FRC was measured using an automated sulfur hexafluoride washout system every 15 min. The animals were allocated randomly to three ten-animal groups. The first group had PEEP titrated using a standard clinical protocol; the remaining two groups had PEEP updated at 15-min intervals under computer control to maintain FRC at 1.4 times the postanesthetized, postparalyzed, preinjury value. The second group received fixed 3-cm H2O PEEP steps. The third group had variable size PEEP steps depending on the output of a proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller. PaCO2 was maintained at 35.8 +/- 3.4 (SD) torr. There was a significant difference in PEEP delivered between the three groups (p = .0006) and in FRC (p = .005). There was no significant difference in PaO2 (p = .80) or venous admixture (Qva/Qt) (p = .84) between the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Early Returns on Small Molecule Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented response within the scientific community. Extraordinary efforts have been undertaken to identify potential new therapeutics to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection spanning traditional medicinal chemistry, repurposing, and computational approaches. The breadth of the effort and rapid progression of many small molecules to clinical testing provide an opportunity to determine what chemical and testing approaches have been the most efficient in identifying potential treatments and how this may inform preparation for future pandemics.
Predicting Vulnerable Software Components via Text Mining (2014)

This paper presents an approach based on machine learning to predict which components of a software application contain security vulnerabilities. The approach is based on text mining the source code of the components. Namely, each component is characterized as a series of terms contained in its source code, with the associated frequencies. These features are used to forecast whether each component is likely to contain vulnerabilities. In an exploratory validation with 20 Android applications, we discovered that a dependable prediction model can be built. Such model could be useful to prioritize the validation activities, e.g., to identify the components needing special scrutiny.
Fiz1, a Novel Zinc Finger Protein Interacting with the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Flt3 (1999)

The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 has been shown to play a role in proliferation and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as differentiation of early B lymphoid progenitors. However, the signaling events that control growth or differentiation are not completely understood. In order to identify new signaling molecules interacting with the cytoplasmic domain of Flt3, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen. In addition to several SH2 domain-containing proteins, we have isolated a novel Flt3 interacting zinc finger protein (Fiz1) with 11 C(2)H(2)-type zinc fingers. Fiz1 binds to the catalytic domain of Flt3 but not to the structurally related receptor tyrosine kinases Kit, Fms, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. This association is independent of kinase activity. The interaction between Flt3 and Fiz1 detected in yeast was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo coprecipitation assays. Fiz1 mRNA is expressed in all murine cell lines and tissues tested. Anti-Fiz1 antibodies recognize a 60-kDa protein, which is localized in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm. Together, these results identified a novel class of interaction between a receptor tyrosine kinase and a signaling molecule which is independent of the well established SH2 domain/phosphotyrosine binding.
Hebrew Influence on the Book of Mormon: Metaphoric Heart Expressions (1987)

Some time ago, when looking for Hebraisms in the Book of Mormon, I was impressed with the high frequency of metaphoric expressions using the word heart.After eliminating Old Testament quotations and intentional paraphrases or allusions, one finds that heart occurs in a metaphoric sense 424 times in 255,541 words or once every 603 words.! Although heart metaphors do occur in English, this appears to be an unusually high frequency for nonnal English usage either in speech or in writing.
Integrated chirp compensation in a monolithic passively mode-locked semiconductor diode laser (2005)

We present traveling wave numerical simulations of passively mode-locked diode lasers that incorporate chirp compensation monolithically using a Fabry–Pérot interferometer, which provides a negative group delay. Numerical results show pulse compression of up to 65%. Time-frequency domain study of the pulses reveal a significant reduction in chirp across the pulse. Limitations of this simple linear chirp compensation scheme are examined.
Chromium segregation in CoCrTa/Cr and CoCrPt/Cr thin films for longitudinal recording media (1998)

Analytical electron microscopy is employed to correlate Cr segregation in Co/sub 34/Cr/sub 12/Ta/sub 4//Cr and Co/sub 76/Cr/sub 12/Pt/sub 12//Cr films with specific microstructural features such as grain boundary misorientation. Energy-filtered (EFTEM) chemical maps show that Cr segregation occurs independently of the Cr underlayer, and is highly alloy dependent. The CoCrTa film contained extensive grain boundary Cr enrichment whereas EFTEM images from the CoCrPt media show homogeneous Cr distribution. No statistically significant Ta or Pt segregation was observed. EFTEM elemental maps and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicate that grain boundary Cr segregation depends on the type of boundary. Quantitative analysis of the Cr levels using nanoprobe EDS shows that the random angle grain boundaries contain more Cr (23/spl plusmn/4 at%) than 90/spl deg/ boundaries (17/spl plusmn/4 at%). EDS and EFTEM composition profiles show Cr enriched grain boundaries surrounded by regions of Cr depletion.
Characterization of covalent protein conjugates using solid-state carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy (1991)

Cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR spectroscopy has been used to characterize covalent conjugates of alachlor, an alpha-chloroacetamide hapten, with glutathione (GSH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The solid-state NMR method demonstrates definitively the covalent nature of these conjugates and can also be used to characterize the sites of hapten attachment to proteins. Three different sites of alachlor binding are observed in the BSA system. Accurate quantitation of the amount of hapten covalently bound to GSH and BSA is reported. The solid-state 13C NMR technique can easily be generalized to study other small molecule/protein conjugates and can be used to assist the development and refinement of synthetic methods needed for the successful formation of such protein alkylation products.