gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second-Order Slepian-Wolf Coding Theorems for Non-Mixed and Mixed Sources (2014)

The second-order achievable rate region in Slepian-Wolf source coding systems is investigated. The concept of second-order achievable rates, which enables us to make a finer evaluation of achievable rates, has already been introduced and analyzed for general sources in the single-user source coding problem. Analogously, in this paper, we first define the second-order achievable rate region for the Slepian-Wolf coding system to establish the source coding theorem in the second-order sense. The Slepian-Wolf coding problem for correlated sources is one of typical problems in the multiterminal information theory. In particular, Miyake and Kanaya, and Han have established the first-order source coding theorems for general correlated sources. On the other hand, in general, the second-order achievable rate problem for the Slepian-Wolf coding system with general sources remains still open up to present. In this paper, we present the analysis concerning the second-order achievable rates for general sources, which are based on the information spectrum methods developed by Han and Verdú. Moreover, we establish the explicit second-order achievable rate region for independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) correlated sources with countably infinite alphabets and mixtures of i.i.d. correlated sources, respectively, using the relevant asymptotic normality.
A field programmable 40-nm pure CMOS embedded memory macro using a PMOS antifuse (2009)

A pure CMOS one-time programmable memory (PCOP) macro using a PMOS antifuse is designed for field programming. In this work, a temperature-controlled programming voltage generator (TVG) realizes field programming by improving programming characteristics over a wide temperature range, from -40° C to 125° C, and supply voltage variations of ±10%. In addition, the memory cell dimensions are optimized and reduced by 40%, which also results in better reading characteristics. PCOP has a 16-Kbit capacity, uses 1.1-V and 3.3-V power sources, occupies 0.224 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> mm and is implemented in a 40-nm pure CMOS logic technology with thin and thick oxide film transistors.
New Boronic-Acid- and Boronate-Substituted Aromatic Compounds as Precursors of Fluoride-Responsive Conjugated Polymer Films (2000)

New electropolymerizable aromatic compounds (i.e. pyrrole, thiophene, aniline) bearing boronic acid and ester substituents have been synthesized and their electrochemical behavior has been investigated. Functionalized polythiophene and polypyrrole films could be anodically generated in acetonitrile, whereas the polyaniline derivative was electroformed in an acidic aqueous solution. The electrochemical responses of some of these materials were changed when fluoride ions were added to the electrolytic solutions. The strongest modifications, caused by binding of fluoride by the immobilized boron, were observed for the polypyrrole derivative in hydroorganic media.
Liquid crystal polymers. 17. Thermotropic properties of random copolyesters of monotropic and enantiotropic polymers (1985)

A series of random copolyesters containing two different aromatic ester triads and a decamethylene flexible spacer was prepared and characterized for the effect of comonomer composition on glass, crystalline and liquid crystalline state properties. The homopolymer of one of the triads was enantiotropic, but the other was not. However, a copolymer containing 90 mol% of the latter units and 10 mol% of the former showed thermotropic behaviour, which suggested that the latter homopolymer was probably monotropic. The effects of comonomer content on glass, melting and isotropization temperatures of the copolymers were very different for the three transitions.
A Multi-Decomposition Approach for Accelerated Time-Domain Simulation of Transient Stability Problems (2014)

Time-domain simulation (TDS) is the most accurate and reliable method for solving transient stability problem. This approach relies on the solution of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) using numerical integration, wherein a system of nonlinear equations is solved at each integration time step. Very DisHonest Newton (VDHN) method is one of the fastest available approaches for solving the system of nonlinear equations in the TDS. However, VDHN does not guarantee convergence and its sequential nature makes it difficult to take advantage of available multicore processors. This paper presents a new multi-decomposition approach (MDA) to achieve fast TDS, wherein the nonlinear system of DAEs is decomposed into three linear subsystems. An adaptive scheme is developed for updating the linear subsystems to ensure that approximation remains sufficiently accurate. The linear subsystems can be solved in parallel using multi-processor architecture. The MDA is demonstrated using IEEE 145-bus test system, and the results are verified against a commercial transient stability problem, Powertech Labs' DSATools.
Effects of operating parameters on PAFC stack performance (1988)

This work was performed to assess actual relationships of phosphoric acid fuel cell voltage responses obtained from subscale cells with air-cooled and full size cells in stacks as a function of operating parameters. Key relationships were verified and found to be in agreement with the Nerst equation. An empirical equation was developed to predict cell voltages as a function of the measureable parameters.
Redox deracemization of 1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-<i>b</i>]indoles (2018)

The existing asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure α-substituted cyclic ethers predominantly relies on the enantioselective C-C bond formation involving a prochiral oxocarbenium ion intermediate. In such a strategy, enantioselectivity and efficiency are typically susceptible to the electronic and substituent effects of either nucleophile or electrophile partners. Here, we describe a strategically different redox deracemization of α-substituted 1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indoles. This method exhibits good compatibility with the regional variation of the electronic or substituent effect of substrates, thus providing a practical and efficient supplement to the traditional strategy.
How to efficiently snapshot transactional data (2011)

The quest for real-time business intelligence requires executing mixed transaction and query processing workloads on the same current database state. However, as Harizopoulos et al. [6] showed for transactional processing, co-execution using classical concurrency control techniques will not yield the necessary performance -- even in re-emerging main memory database systems. Therefore, we designed an in-memory database system that separates transaction processing from OLAP query processing via periodically refreshed snapshots. Thus, OLAP queries can be executed without any synchronization and OLTP transaction processing follows the lock-free, mostly serial processing paradigm of H-Store [8]. In this paper, we analyze different snapshot mechanisms: Hardware-supported Page Shadowing, which lazily copies memory pages when changed by transactions, software controlled Tuple Shadowing, which generates a new version when a tuple is modified, software controlled Twin Tuple, which constantly maintains two versions of each tuple and HotCold Shadowing, which effectively combines Tuple Shadowing and hardware-supported Page Shadowing by clustering update-intensive objects. We evaluate their performance based on the mixed workload CH-BenCHmark which combines the TPC-C and the TPC-H benchmarks on the same database schema and state.
Efficient design for secure multipath TCP against eavesdropper in initial handshake (2016)

Multipath TCP has become the transmission technique of choice for the multi-homed environment. Recently, there have been multiple attempts to verify the security of Multipath TCP; but an eavesdropper in the initial handshake breaches the primary security goal of Multipath TCP. In this paper, we introduce a secure scheme against an initial eavesdropper, using asymmetric key exchange. We optimize the public parameters to overcome two challenges to the use of asymmetric cryptography. Then we show that compared to previously proposed methods, our scheme has low overhead, and is more secure. Our approach applies to many weak authentication-based protocols that seek to use asymmetric cryptography.
Voyagers and voyeurs (2008)

This article describes mechanisms for asynchronous collaboration in the context of information visualization, recasting visualizations as not just analytic tools, but social spaces. We contribute the design and implementation of sense.us , a Web site supporting asynchronous collaboration across a variety of visualization types. The site supports view sharing, discussion, graphical annotation, and social navigation and includes novel interaction elements. We report the results of user studies of the system, observing emergent patterns of social data analysis, including cycles of observation and hypothesis, and the complementary roles of social navigation and data-driven exploration.
Nonenzymatic peptide alpha-amidation. Implications for a novel enzyme mechanism. (1985)

An abiotic system is described which chemically catalyzes the formation of less than Glu-His-Pro-NH2 (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) from less than Glu-His-Pro-amino acid in the presence of copper, ascorbate, and molecular oxygen. Evidence is presented to support the participation of hydroxyl and carbon radicals as reaction intermediates in the production of a peptide amide and an aldehyde or ketone. The characteristics of this model system closely mimic the characteristics of enzymatic peptide amidation, and an oxidative, free-radical mechanism for enzymatic peptide amidation is proposed as an alternative to the mechanism for enzymatic amidation offered by Bradbury et al. (Bradbury, A. F., Finnie, M. D. A., and Smyth, D. G. (1982) Nature 298, 686-688).
Performance Analysis of Gate-All-Around Field Effect Transistor for CMOS Nanoscale Devices (2013)

This paper explains the performance analysis of Gate-All-Around silicon nanowire with 80nm diameter field effect transistor based CMOS based device utilizing the 45-nm technology. Simulation and analysis of nanowire (NW) CMOS inverter show that there is the reduction of 70% in leakage power and delay minimization of 25% as compared with 180 nm channel length.Gate-All-Aorund (GAA) configuration provides better and low drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) ~63.3mV/V and competent Subthresold slope ~95mV/V. GAA achieved the better voltage gain of ~10.1 V/V .Static noise margin improved with 400mv. It provides high on drive current ~6mA this is validated that the threshold voltage of GAA field effect transistor.
Affinity-basedin situ product removal coupled with co-immobilization of oily substrate and filamentous fungus (1998)

In situ product removal (ISPR) involves actions taken for the fast removal of a product from the producing cell. ISPR is implemented to improve yield and productivity via minimization of product inhibition, minimization of product losses due to degradation or evaporation, and reduction of the number of subsequent downstream processing steps. Here we describe the implementation of affinity-based, specific ISPR as a crucial component of an integrative approach to problems associated with the biocatalytic production of a product exhibiting poor water solubility from an oily, water-insoluble precursor. Our integrative ISPR-based approach consists of co-immobilization of the oily substrate emulsion and the biocatalyst within bilayered alginate beads. A particulate-specific adsorbent, exhibiting high binding capacity of the product, is suspended in the reaction medium with periodical replacements. According to this approach, ISPR implementation is expected to shift the equilibration of product distribution between the co-immobilized oily substrate and the outer medium via specific product immobilization onto the added adsorbent. The product may subsequently be readily recovered via single-step final purification. This integrative approach was successfully demonstrated by the affinity-based ISPR of gamma-decalactone (4-decanolide). gamma-Decalactone was produced from castor oil via its beta-oxidation by the filamentous fungus Tyromyces sambuceus, co-immobilized with emulsified substrate within bilayered alginate beads. Product immobilization onto medium-suspended epichlorohydrin-crosslinked beta-cyclodextrin resulted in higher yield and easy pure product recovery.
Synthesis of Polyhydroxy [<i>n</i>]-Polyurethanes Derived from a Carbohydrate Precursor (2009)

Polyhydroxy [n]-polyurethanes with chains formed by sugar-derived units have been synthesized. The enantiomerically pure monomeric precursor 1-amino-1-deoxy-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-d-galactitol (4) was prepared from d-galactono-1,4-lactone (1) by a three-step route. Acetonation of 1 with 2,2-dimethoxypropane gave methyl 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropyldene-d-galactonate (2). The ester group of 2 was converted into the amide and reduced with LiAlH4 to afford 4. This amino alditol was treated with di-tert-butyltricarbonate to produce the intermediate isocyanate derivative as activated monomer for the polymerization. The reaction conditions were adjusted to prevent the formation of urea linkages during the polycondensation. Thus, polymerization of the isocyanate monomer in THF and in the presence of Zr(acac)4 as catalyst afforded the linear [n]-polyurethane 6, which upon purification was practically free of urea linkages. Removal of the acetal protecting groups of 6 with 10:1 TFA−water, under conditions that did not produce hydrolysis of the polymer chain, led to the polyhydroxy [n]-polyurethane 8, having all the hydroxyl groups free. Polyurethanes 6 and 8 are examples of polyhydroxy [n]-polyurethanes entirely obtained from a sugar precursor. They were isolated as crystalline materials that exhibited high melting temperatures and thermal stability up to 230 °C. Accordingly, the SEM analysis of 6 and 8 revealed surfaces with morphologies characteristic of crystalline polymers.
An approach to filter-antenna integration in SIW technology (2011)

An original filter-antenna module has been designed, manufactured and measured. The module can be viewed as a high order filter in which the last resonator has been replaced by a resonant antenna element. This antenna is coupled to the other resonators by means of two inter-cavity slots. The module was manufactured using the Substrate Integrated Waveguide technique, which allows the cavities to be fabricated by means of a standard printed circuit board process. Experimental results present good agreement with simulations. The measured return loss response of the filter-antenna module matches that of a second order bandpass filter, with a central frequency of 1.94GHz, a fractional bandwidth of 5.15% and a return loss of 7.5dB at the central frequency. The radiation function is incorporated to this filter's response, with a maximum gain of 5.15dBi and a front-to-back ratio (FTBR) of 29.25dB.
Bortezomib: A valuable new antineoplastic strategy in multiple myeloma (2005)

Although the treatment of multiple myeloma has improved over the past decade, the disease remains incurable. Bortezomib, a first-in-class selective proteasome inhibitor, was approved in the United States in 2003 and the European Union in 2004 for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma in patients who have received at least 2 prior therapies and demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy. In vitro, bortezomib induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells and inhibits cell adhesion within the bone marrow microenvironment. Preclinical and clinical data have shown that bortezomib enhances sensitivity and reverses resistance to standard therapeutic agents used in multiple myeloma. The efficacy and safety of bortezomib was established in patients with relapsed and/or refractory disease. In a large phase III trial in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, median time to progression and overall survival were significantly improved with bortezomib compared with high-dose dexamethasone. Importantly, the preliminary results of several phase I and II studies are also showing high antimyeloma activity of bortezomib alone or in combination with dexamethasone or cytotoxic agents such as doxorubicin, melphalan, or thalidomide in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Ideally, the introduction of bortezomib will result in a significant improvement in the future management of multiple myeloma.
Effects of caseinomacropeptide (CMP) on digestion regulation (1994)

Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a 64-amino-acid-residue peptide which is released from kappa-casein by gastric proteinases. This review sums up the knowledge concerning its effects on the digestive function. Part 1 recalls the origin and heterogeneity of CMP. Here we underline that there are various forms of CMP which differ by their glycosylation level and genetic mutation. Consequently the forms used for studying biological activities need to be defined accurately. Part 2 summarizes the effects of CMP on digestive secretions. The major effect is an inhibitory effect on acid gastric secretions. Simultaneously, the blood concentration of regulatory digestive peptides is modified. In part 3 we try to clarify the mechanisms of action of CMP. A slightly glycosylated form of CMP, the A variant, appears to be responsible for the biological activity. Evidence suggests that CMP triggers stimuli from intestinal receptors without being absorbed. The signal would be then transmitted to organs through regulatory digestive peptides.
Use of Hopfield neural networks in optimal guidance (1994)

A Hopfield neural network architecture is developed to solve the optimal control problem for homing missile guidance. A linear quadratic optimal control problem is formulated in the form of an efficient parallel computing device known as a Hopfield neural network. Convergence of the Hopfield network is analyzed from a theoretical perspective, showing that the network, as a dynamical system approaches a unique fixed point which is the solution to the optimal control problem at any instant during the missile pursuit. Several target-intercept scenarios are provided to demonstrate the use of the recurrent feedback neural net formulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Pathogenesis of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas (2010)

Over the last 3 decades, there have been substantial improvements in diagnostic imaging and sampling techniques to evaluate pancreatic diseases. The modern technology has helped us to recognize premalignant conditions of pancreas including mucinous cystic neoplasms and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). Differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and early detection of any malignant transformation in premalignant lesion are extremely important for further management decisions. Diagnostic cytology has limited sensitivity to further differentiate between benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions of the pancreas. There is limited information about the epidemiological risk factors and molecular mechanisms leading to development and further progression to malignancy of IPMNs. Several studies have shown that pancreatic juice and pancreatic tissue from the lesion can be tested for molecular markers including K-ras, p53, and p16 to differentiate between cancer and chronic inflammatory process. We review cellular signaling pathways that contribute to pathogenesis of IPMNs of the pancreas to further identify potential biomarkers and molecular targets.
Hydrothermal synthesis of novel BiFeO<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation (2016)

BiFeO<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized by a hydrothermal method.
ChemInform Abstract: ORTHOAMIDES. XXXIV. SYNTHESES WITH VINYLIDENEDIAMINES (1980)

Abstract Eine Vielzahl von Reaktionen und Folgereaktionen ausgehend von Vinylidendiaminen wie (I) wird beschrieben, die z.B. im einzelnen zu den im Formelschema angegebenen Produkten führen.
The pathophysiology of mitochondrial disease as modeled in the mouse (2009)

It is now clear that mitochondrial defects are associated with a plethora of clinical phenotypes in man and mouse. This is the result of the mitochondria's central role in energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) biology, and apoptosis, and because the mitochondrial genome consists of roughly 1500 genes distributed across the maternal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the Mendelian nuclear DNA (nDNA). While numerous pathogenic mutations in both mtDNA and nDNA mitochondrial genes have been identified in the past 21 years, the causal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the common metabolic and degenerative diseases, cancer, and aging is still debated. However, the development of mice harboring mitochondrial gene mutations is permitting demonstration of the direct cause-and-effect relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Mutations in nDNA-encoded mitochondrial genes involved in energy metabolism, antioxidant defenses, apoptosis via the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP), mitochondrial fusion, and mtDNA biogenesis have already demonstrated the phenotypic importance of mitochondrial defects. These studies are being expanded by the recent development of procedures for introducing mtDNA mutations into the mouse. These studies are providing direct proof that mtDNA mutations are sufficient by themselves to generate major clinical phenotypes. As more different mtDNA types and mtDNA gene mutations are introduced into various mouse nDNA backgrounds, the potential functional role of mtDNA variation in permitting humans and mammals to adapt to different environments and in determining their predisposition to a wide array of diseases should be definitively demonstrated.
Genetically Encoding <i>N</i><sup>ϵ</sup>-Methyl-<scp>l</scp>-lysine in Recombinant Histones (2009)

Lysine methylation is an important post-translational modification of histone proteins that defines epigenetic status and controls heterochromatin formation, X-chromosome inactivation, genome imprinting, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Despite considerable efforts by chemical biologists to synthesize modified histones for use in deciphering the molecular role of methylation in these phenomena, no general method exists to synthesize proteins bearing quantitative site-specific methylation. Here we demonstrate a general method for the quantitative installation of N(epsilon)-methyl-L-lysine at defined positions in recombinant histones and demonstrate the use of this method for investigating the methylation dependent binding of HP1 to full length histone H3 monomethylated on K9 (H3K9me1). This strategy will find wide application in defining the molecular mechanisms by which histone methylation orchestrates cellular phenomena.