gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic Approaches for Design of Distribution Manifolds Having the Same Per-Port Outflow (2009)

Two geometric modalities were investigated to determine their effects on the degree of uniformity of the flow issuing from a manifold through a discrete set of exit ports. The goal of the investigation was to demonstrate how these geometric parameters can be used to achieve a high degree of exit-flow uniformity. The first investigated modality is the area ratio, which compares the total outflow area of all the exit ports with the cross-sectional area of the manifold. The second modality is the extent of pressure loading downstream of the exit ports of the manifold. The investigation was facilitated by numerical simulation for which an appropriate turbulence model was used. Three parameters were varied during the course of the research: (a) the area ratio, (b) the downstream pressure loading characterized by the length-to-diameter ratio of the outflow tubes that are attached to the exit ports, and (c) the Reynolds number. It was found that the area ratio parameter had a marked effect on the uniformity of the outflow from the manifold. Quantitative values of the area ratio corresponding to specified degrees of uniformity (i.e., 2%, 5%, and 10%) were identified. This information can be used as a guideline for manifold design. The imposition of the downstream pressure loading was also demonstrated to have a significant effect on the degree of uniformity, but that effect was not as strong as the effect of the area ratio. The manifold pressure was found to increase from the inlet of the manifold to the downstream end of the manifold. The direction of the jetlike discharge from the exit ports of the manifold into a large collection domain was found to vary along the length of the manifold, with inclined jets emanating from the upstream end and perpendicular jets at the downstream end. Over the range of investigated Reynolds numbers, from 40,000 to 200,000, the degree of uniformity of the mass effusion from the exit ports was found to be unaffected. The results of the numerical simulations were confirmed by experiments.
High performance 60-GHz dielectric rod antenna with dual circular polarization (2013)

<p>In this paper, the design of a high performance dielectric rod antenna is described and validated through measurements. The manufactured 60-GHz dielectric rod antenna has the predicted gain of around 15 dBi and supports dual circular polarization. The lateral dimension of the rod antenna is very small in comparison to its counterparts. The measured port-to-port isolation larger than 20 dB is obtained for the bandwidth of 1.1 GHz. The measured axial ratio (AR) in the bandwidth of interest is below 0.5 dB. It will be shown that the very wideband return loss is due to the quadrature hybrid coupler.</p>
Controlling Low-Speed Pre-Ignition in Modern Automotive Equipment Part 3: Identification of Key Additive Component Types and Other Lubricant Composition Effects on Low-Speed Pre-Ignition (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Market demand and evolving global legislation are forcing OEMs to improve fuel consumption and reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Downsizing in direct injection gasoline engines has been a common strategy towards achieving this goal, but this requires increased boost pressures to maintain power. The increased boost pressures are creating a new abnormal combustion phenomenon known as Low-Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI).</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Lubricants and fuels have been implicated as significant influencers of LSPI frequency and intensity. Part 1 of the series described the development of a statistical approach for measuring and quantifying LSPI activity. This statistical approach was shown to be consistent and repeatable. Part 2 of the series further refined the methodology from Part 1 to reduce the frequency of false positives and negatives. A baseline lubricant was used in both of these papers to demonstrate the robustness of this methodology.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper explores major lubricant components in order to assess their impact on LSPI activity as promoters, quenchers or having no effect (neutral) on LSPI based on this baseline lubricant, with a strong focus on the most common metal detergent cations used in modern automotive lubricants. It also raises concerns about using general LSPI prediction equations, particularly concerning their accuracy with poor quality fuels.</div></div>
Highly Durable N-Doped Graphene/CdS Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Visible Light Irradiation (2011)

A series of N-doped graphene (N-graphene)/CdS nanocomposites were synthesized by calcination and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption analysis, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared N-graphene/CdS for hydrogen production from water under visible light irradiation at λ ≥ 420 nm was investigated. The results show that N-graphene/CdS nanocomposites have a higher photocatalytic activity than pure CdS. Transient photocurrents measured with a photoelectrochemical test device show that the photocurrent of the N-graphene/CdS sample is much increased as compared to the sole CdS. This enhanced photoresponse indicates that the photoinduced electrons in the CdS prefer separately transferring to the N-doped graphene. As a consequence, the radiative recombination of the electron–hole pairs is hampered and the photocatalytic activity is significantly enhanced for the N-graphene/CdS photocatalysts. The amount of N-graphene is an important factor affecting photocatalytic activity of N-graphene/CdS nanocomposites; the optimum amount of N-graphene is ca. 2 wt %, at which the N-graphene/CdS sample displays the highest reactivity. Photocatalytic activity of graphene/CdS and GO/CdS composites for H2 production from water under visible light irradiation was also measured. The relative order of reactivity for the synthesized catalysts was found to be N-graphene/CdS > graphene/CdS > GO/CdS > CdS. Furthermore, the N-graphene/CdS photocatalyst does not show deactivation for H2 evolution for longer than 30 h, indicating that the cocatalyst of N-graphene as a protective layer can prevent CdS from photocorrosion under light irradiation. Our findings demonstrate that N-graphene as a cocatalyst is a more promising candidate for development of high-performance photocatalysts in the photocatalytic H2 production.
A design of novel grooved circular waveguide polarizers (2000)

This paper presents novel types of polarizers that are composed of grooved circular waveguides. The presented polarizers are suitable for realizing high-performance and low-fabrication cost in the Ka-band and above because of simple structure. Accurate analysis and design of the polarizers are performed using full-wave mode-matching techniques applied to the circular-to-rectangular waveguide T-junctions and cross-junctions. Ka-band grooved circular waveguide polarizers fabricated with the aid of the analysis and design techniques have realized excellent performance without tuning elements.
Intermediate layer contribution in placental membrane allografts (2020)

Placental membrane (PM) allografts are commonly used to treat chronic wounds. Native PM is composed of an amnion, chorion, and intermediate layer (IL) that contain matrix structures and regulatory components beneficial in wound healing. Historically, commercially available allografts were composed of only one or two layers of the PM. To maximize the conserved material in PM allografts, a dehydrated complete human placental membrane (dCHPM) allograft processed using the Clearify™ process was developed. Histological and proteomic characterization comparing dCHPM allografts with native PM demonstrated that the majority of matrix structures and regulatory proteins are retained in dCHPM allografts through processing. To evaluate the importance of maintaining the entire intact PM and the contribution of the IL, the structural and proteomic makeup of the IL was compared with that of dCHPM allografts. This is the first known characterization of regulatory proteins in the IL. Results demonstrate that the IL contains over 900 regulatory and signaling components, including chemokines, growth factors, interleukins, and protease inhibitors. These components are key regulators of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, osteogenesis, inflammation, tissue remodeling, and host defense. The results show that the proteomic composition of the IL is consistent with that of the entire dCHPM allograft. Although further investigation is required to fully understand the contribution of the IL in PM allografts, these results demonstrate that the IL contains structural and regulatory proteins that can enhance the barrier and wound healing properties of PM allografts.
<title>In-vivo sized-fiber spectroscopy</title> (2000)

Sized-fiber array spectroscopy describes a device for measuring the absorption and reduced scattering properties of tissue. The device consists of two fibers with different diameters that measure the amount of light back-scattered into each fiber. Only one fiber emits and collects light at a time. Recent innovations allow for spatially limited measurement diffuse reflectance over a wavelength range of 500-800 nm. Reflection spectra of in vitro an din vivo porcine tissue are presented for a device with 200 and 600 micrometers fibers to demonstrate its performance.
Multiscale multimodal imaging with multiphoton microscopy and optical coherence tomography (2011)

A multiscale multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) system has been developed using a sub-10 fs Ti:sapphire laser. The system performs cross-sectional OCT imaging over millimeter field-of-view and en-face high-resolution MPM imaging with submicrometer resolution from the same sample location. With fish cornea, we have demonstrated cross-sectional imaging of cornea tissue layers using OCT, and the zoom-in imaging of cells and collagen fibers in each layer using MPM. The multiscale MPM/OCT system shows the potential of a rapid coarse scan to search for abnormal regions and the subsequent fine zoom-in imaging for diagnosis.
Fluid Hammer Drives Down Well Costs (2011)

Abstract An innovative proven new tool, the "Fluid Hammer", provides axial percussive force and effective weight transfer to the bit which increases the rate of penetration (ROP) from 30-50% with no impact to bit life. BBJ Tool's patent pending Fluid Hammer together with Suncor Energy Inc. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada has applied the Fluid Hammer in several wellbores with excellent results. The tool is positioned between the bit and the mud motor with an antiback off connection. The relatively simple mechanical design delivers effective agitation to the bottomhole assembly (BHA) and reduces issues in deviated wellbores, such as hole drag and proper weight transfer to the bit. It has been successful in improving ROP in vertical/deviated and horizontal hole sections. The Fluid Hammer has been successful on &gt;80 bit runs in vertical/deviated/horizontal wellbores with water, oil base and nitrified drilling fluid systems. Direct comparisons of formations with and without the Fluid Hammer have been completed. The study compares geological formations, compressive rock strength, mud weight and BHA parameters such as weight on bit, rpm, hole drag and ROP. Resulting sliding ROP matches rotating ROP in horizontal wellbores with the downhole agitation at the bit. Tool design improvements will be further enhanced with the use of an Axial Dynamic Simulator. The Fluid Hammer increases ROP, has no effect on telemetry tools, causes no restriction to pump rate and can be used with any mud system. This tool can be run in conjunction with conventional adjustable housings or rotary steerable tools. No special percussion bits are required and it has been run with a wide variety of conventional bit types and sizes. An additional feature of the Fluid Hammer has been in extended reach horizontal hole sections in which the BHA has been simplified with the removal of conventional agitation tools.
The fast Fourier transform and its applications (1989)

The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a mathematical method widely used in signal processing. This book focuses on the application of the FFT in a variety of areas: Biomedical engineering, mechanical analysis, analysis of stock market data, geophysical analysis, and the conventional radar communications field.
Olfactory dysfunction, central cholinergic integrity and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (2010)

Olfactory dysfunction is common in subjects with Parkinson's disease. The pathophysiology of such dysfunction, however, remains poorly understood. Neurodegeneration within central regions involved in odour perception may contribute to olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Central cholinergic deficits occur in Parkinson's disease and cholinergic neurons innervate regions, such as the limbic archicortex, involved in odour perception. We investigated the relationship between performance on an odour identification task and forebrain cholinergic denervation in Parkinson's disease subjects without dementia. Fifty-eight patients with Parkinson's disease (mean Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.5 + or - 0.5) without dementia (mean Mini-Mental State Examination, 29.0 + or - 1.4) underwent a clinical assessment, [(11)C]methyl-4-piperidinyl propionate acetylcholinesterase brain positron emission tomography and olfactory testing with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was confirmed by [(11)C]dihydrotetrabenazine vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 positron emission tomography. We found that odour identification test scores correlated positively with acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampal formation (r = 0.56, P < 0.0001), amygdala (r = 0.50, P < 0.0001) and neocortex (r = 0.46, P = 0.0003). Striatal monoaminergic activity correlated positively with odour identification scores (r = 0.30, P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis including limbic (hippocampal and amygdala) and neocortical acetylcholinesterase activity as well as striatal monoaminergic activity, using odour identification scores as the dependent variable, demonstrated a significant regressor effect for limbic acetylcholinesterase activity (F = 10.1, P < 0.0001), borderline for striatal monoaminergic activity (F = 1.6, P = 0.13), but not significant for cortical acetylcholinesterase activity (F = 0.3, P = 0.75). Odour identification scores correlated positively with scores on cognitive measures of episodic verbal learning (r = 0.30, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that cholinergic denervation of the limbic archicortex is a more robust determinant of hyposmia than nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in subjects with moderately severe Parkinson's disease. Greater deficits in odour identification may identify patients with Parkinson's disease at risk for clinically significant cognitive impairment.
Human Basophils Express the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Low-Affinity IgG Receptor FcγRIIIB (CD16B) (2009)

Basophils express not only high-affinity IgE receptors, but also low-affinity IgG receptors. Which, among these receptors, are expressed by human basophils is poorly known. Low-affinity IgG receptors comprise CD32 (FcgammaRIIA, FcgammaRIIB, and FcgammaRIIC) and CD16 (FcgammaRIIIA and FcgammaRIIIB). FcgammaRIIA, FcgammaRIIC, and FcgammaRIIIA are activating receptors, FcgammaRIIB are inhibitory receptors, FcgammaRIIIB are GPI-anchored receptors whose function is poorly understood. Basophils were reported to express FcgammaRII, but not FcgammaRIII. We aimed at further identifying basophil IgG receptors. Basophils from normal donors and from patients suffering from an allergic skin disease (atopic dermatitis), allergic respiratory diseases (allergic rhinitis and asthma), or a nonallergic skin disease (chronic urticaria) were examined. We found that normal basophils contain FcgammaRIII transcripts and express FcgammaRIIIB, but not FcgammaRIIIA, which were detected on 24-81% basophils from normal donors and on 12-100% basophils from patients. Noticeably, the proportion of FcgammaRIIIB(+) basophils was significantly lower in atopic dermatitis patients than in other subjects. This decreased FcgammaRIII expression was not correlated with an activated phenotype of basophils in atopic dermatitis patients, although FcgammaRIIIB expression was down-regulated upon basophil activation by anti-IgE. Our results challenge the two dogmas 1) that basophils do not express FcgammaRIII and 2) that FcgammaRIIIB is exclusively expressed by neutrophils. They suggest that a proportion of basophils may be lost during enrichment procedures in which FcgammaRIII(+) cells are discarded by negative sorting using anti-CD16 Abs. They unravel an unexpected complexity of IgG receptors susceptible to modulate basophil activation. They identify a novel systemic alteration in atopic dermatitis.
Kaikasaponin III and Soyasaponin I, Major Triterpene Saponins of<i>Abrus cantoniensis</i>, act on GOT and GPT: Influence on Transaminase Elevation of Rat Liver Cells Concomitantly Exposed to CCl<sub>4</sub>for One Hour<sup>1</sup> (1998)

The antihepatotoxic activities of soyasaponin I and kaikasaponin III, triterpenoidal saponins isolated from Abri Herba, the whole plant of Abrus cantoniensis, were studied on liver injury induced by CCl4 in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. The antihepatotoxic activities of these saponins and glycyrrhizin (positive control) were demonstrated by measuring the levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). Soyasaponin I inhibited the elevation of GOT and GPT activities. The activities were comparable to those of glycyrrhizin. On the other hand, kaikasaponin III was more effective than soyasaponin I and glycyrrhizin. Kaikasaponin III showed the antihepatotoxic activity at less than 100 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, the highest activity was observed even in the lower doses (50, 100 micrograms/ml). However, soyasaponin I and kaikasaponin III showed some toxicity at the highest dose (500 micrograms/ml), though glycyrrhizin did not show toxicity at any dose.
Image registration using stationary velocity fields parameterized by norm-minimizing Wendland kernel (2015)

Interpolating kernels are crucial to solving a stationary velocity field (SVF) based image registration problem. This is because, velocity fields need to be computed in non-integer locations during integration. The regularity in the solution to the SVF registration problem is controlled by the regularization term. In a variational formulation, this term is traditionally expressed as a squared norm which is a scalar inner product of the interpolating kernels parameterizing the velocity fields. The minimization of this term using the standard spline interpolation kernels (linear or cubic) is only approximative because of the lack of a compatible norm. In this paper, we propose to replace such interpolants with a norm-minimizing interpolant - the Wendland kernel which has the same computational simplicity like B-Splines. An application on the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative showed that Wendland SVF based measures separate (Alzheimer's disease v/s normal controls) better than both B-Spline SVFs (p<0.05 in amygdala) and B-Spline freeform deformation (p<0.05 in amygdala and cortical gray matter).
Camera control with EMG signals using Principal Component Analysis and support vector machines (2011)

The main goal of Human Computer Interface (HCI) is to improve the interactions between users and computers by making computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs. Accordingly, surveillance is one of the major areas where human computer interface is critical. Surveillance cameras are usually controlled with joysticks. For this reason, it is almost impossible to be controlled by an amputee with no finger functionality. In this paper, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was applied to raw EMG data and then features are extracted with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Simple Principal Component Analysis (SPCA). In the proposed system, in order to make a decision whether the wrist is moving right, left, up, down or neutral, multi-class Support Vector Machine is employed. Additionally to Electromyography (EMG) signals, standard datasets that involves Electroencephalography (EEG) signals is also tested with multi-class SVM to verify the system robustness. Finally, classified EMG decisions are received by the camera as movement comments. Successful operation of camera employing EMG signals has been accomplished with 81% accuracy with SPCA.
Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of Human Rhinovirus 14 Explored by Means of Cryoelectron Microscopy and X-Ray Crystallography of Virus-Fab Complexes (1998)

The structures of three different human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14)-Fab complexes have been explored with X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy procedures. All three antibodies bind to the NIm-IA site of HRV14, which is the beta-B-beta-C loop of the viral capsid protein VP1. Two antibodies, Fab17-IA (Fab17) and Fab12-IA (Fab12), bind bivalently to the virion surface and strongly neutralize viral infectivity whereas Fab1-IA (Fab1) strongly aggregates and weakly neutralizes virions. The structures of the two classes of virion-Fab complexes clearly differ and correlate with observed binding neutralization differences. Fab17 and Fab12 bind in essentially identical, tangential orientations to the viral surface, which favors bidentate binding over icosahedral twofold axes. Fab1 binds in a more radial orientation that makes bidentate binding unlikely. Although the binding orientations of these two antibody groups differ, nearly identical charge interactions occur at all paratope-epitope interfaces. Nucleotide sequence comparisons suggest that Fab17 and Fab12 are from the same progenitor cell and that some of the differing residues contact the south wall of the receptor binding canyon that encircles each of the icosahedral fivefold vertices. All of the antibodies contact a significant proportion of the canyon region and directly overlap much of the receptor (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1]) binding site. Fab1, however, does not contact the same residues on the upper south wall (the side facing away from fivefold axes) at the receptor binding region as do Fab12 and Fab17. All three antibodies cause some stabilization of HRV14 against pH-induced inactivation; thus, stabilization may be mediated by invariant contacts with the canyon.
Detection and measurement (2012)

The material contained in the jet is the first property to ascertain. Almost all our information is derived from distant observation. We can only hope to send probes to rendezvous with comets and possibly intercept their jets. Further afield, we rely upon the radiation that reaches us. Therefore, a chapter to outline the radiative properties is a necessity to interface observations with the physical structure.