gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multibranched V3 peptides inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection in human lymphocytes and macrophages (1994)

Synthetic polymeric constructions (SPCs) including the consensus sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) surface envelope glycoprotein gp120 V3 loop (GPGRAF) blocked the fusion between HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected cells and CD4+ uninfected cells. A structure-activity relationship study using V3 SPC analogs showed that the most efficient inhibitor of cell fusion was an eight-branched SPC with the hexapeptide motif GPGRAF (i.e., [GPGRAF]8-SPC). N-terminal acetylation or incorporation of D-amino acids in the GPGRAF sequence of this SPC resulted in significant loss of activity. Analogs with fewer than six residues in the motif (i.e., GPGRA or GPGR), as well as SPCs with a nonrelevant sequence, did not inhibit cell fusion, demonstrating the high specificity of the antifusion activity. [GPGRAF]8-SPC, which was not toxic to CEM cells at concentrations of up to 50 microM, inhibited 50% of HIV-1(LAI) replication in these cells at a concentration of 0.07 microM. Moreover, [GPGRAF]8-SPC inhibited the infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by several HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, including laboratory strains [HIV-1(LAI), HIV-1(NDK), and HIV-2(ROD)], and fresh primary isolates, including two zidovudine-resistant HIV-1 isolates and two HIV-2 isolates obtained from infected individuals. The multibranched peptide also inhibited infection of human primary macrophages by the highly cytopathic macrophage-tropic isolate HIV-1(89.6). The antiviral activity of [GPGRAF]8-SPC was not related to a virucidal effect, since preincubation of HIV-1 with the peptide did not affect its infectious titer. This result is in agreement with the concept that the multibranched peptide mimics a part of the V3 loop and thus interacts with the host cell. The therapeutic properties of synthetic multibranched peptides based on the V3 loop consensus motif should be evaluated in HIV-infected patients.
ViLDAR—Visible Light Sensing-Based Speed Estimation Using Vehicle Headlamps (2019)

The introduction of light emitting diodes (LED) in automotive exterior lighting systems provides opportunities to develop viable alternatives to conventional communication and sensing technologies. Most of the advanced driver-assist and autonomous vehicle technologies are based on Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) or Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems that use radio frequency or laser signals, respectively. While reliable and real-time information on vehicle speeds is critical for traffic operations management and autonomous vehicles safety, RADAR or LiDAR systems have some deficiencies especially in curved road scenarios where the incidence angle is rapidly varying. In this paper, we propose a novel speed estimation system so-called the Visible Light Detection and Ranging (ViLDAR) that builds upon sensing visible light variation of the vehicle's headlamp. We determine the accuracy of the proposed speed estimator in straight and curved road scenarios. We further present how the algorithm design parameters and the channel noise level affect the speed estimation accuracy. For wide incidence angles, the simulation results show that the ViLDAR outperforms RADAR/LiDAR systems in both straight and curved road scenarios.
Nanoscale vacuum channel transistor (2014)

Despite of high gain, fast speed, and superior distortion immunity, vacuum electronic devices have been replaced by solid-state devices such as transistors due to their poor reliability and high power consumption. Such constraints mostly appear as it is bulky and discrete. The weaknesses of the traditional vacuum tubes are solved if the vacuum tubes are made by silicon nanofabrication technologies and the operation mechanism is shifted from thermionic emission into field emission. In this work, sub 100-nm vacuum tubes are fabricated by using conventional silicon process. The gap formation methods beyond sub-lithographic limit are suggested and its current-voltage characteristics are presented.
Identification of Cardiomyocyte-Fated Progenitors from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Marked with CD82 (2018)

Here, we find that human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte (CM)-fated progenitors (CFPs) that express a tetraspanin family glycoprotein, CD82, almost exclusively differentiate into CMs both in vitro and in vivo. CD82 is transiently expressed in late-stage mesoderm cells during hiPSC differentiation. Purified CD82<sup>+</sup> cells gave rise to CMs under nonspecific in vitro culture conditions with serum, as well as in vivo after transplantation to the subrenal space or injured hearts in mice, indicating that CD82 successfully marks CFPs. CD82 overexpression in mesoderm cells as well as in undifferentiated hiPSCs increased the secretion of exosomes containing β-catenin and reduced nuclear β-catenin protein, suggesting that CD82 is involved in fated restriction to CMs through Wnt signaling inhibition. This study may contribute to the understanding of CM differentiation mechanisms and to cardiac regeneration strategies.
Autonomous control of microgrids (2006)

Application of individual distributed generators can cause as many problems as it may solve. A better way to realize the emerging potential of distributed generation is to take a system approach which views generation and associated loads as a subsystem or a "microgrid". The sources can operate hi parallel to the grid or can operate in island, providing UPS services. The system will disconnect from the utility during large events (i.e. faults, voltage collapses), but may also intentionally disconnect when the quality of power from the grid falls below certain standards. Utilization of waste heat from the sources will increase total efficiency, making the project more financially attractive. Laboratory verification of the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) microgrid control concepts are included
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Variants Lacking Transcription Inhibitory Functions Demonstrate Highly Attenuated Phenotype (2014)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an important human and animal pathogen, which causes periodic outbreaks of highly debilitating disease. Despite a continuous public health threat, no safe and efficient vaccine candidates have been developed to date. In this study, we applied accumulated knowledge about the mechanism of VEEV replication, RNA packaging, and interaction with the host to design new VEEV vaccine candidates that demonstrate exceptionally high levels of safety due to a combination of extensive modifications in the viral genome. The introduced mutations did not affect RNA replication or structural protein synthesis but had deleterious effects on VEEV neuroinvasion and virulence. In spite of dramatically reduced virulence, the designed mutants remained highly immunogenic and protected mice against subsequent infection with epizootic VEEV. Similar methodologies can be applied for attenuation of other encephalitogenic New World alphaviruses.
Synthesis gas to heavy hydrocarbons on SiO sub 2 promoted CO/TiO sub 2 (1990)

Syndromic diarrhea/tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome (SD/THE) is a rare congenital enteropathy with seven main clinical features: intractable diarrhea of infancy, hair abnormalities, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), facial dysmorphism, immune dysfunction, and liver and skin abnormalities. SD/THE is caused by mutations in TTC37 or SKIV2L, two genes encoding components of the human SKI complex. To date, approximately 50 SD/THE patients have been described with a wide spectrum of mutations, and only one recurrent mutation has been identified in independent families. We present a detailed description of seven patients of Turkish origin with the same new mutation in TTC37: c.4572 G>A p.(Trp1524X). All seven patients were homozygous for this mutation and presented the typical clinical features of SD/THE, but with a milder presentation than usual. All seven patients were alive at the last follow-up. Four out of seven patients had no IUGR, and four patients never required parenteral nutrition. All patients presented a better growth rate than previously described in patients with SD/THE, with 4/7 above the 3rd percentile. The mutation is localized only forty amino acids from the end of TTC37, and as TTC37 is longer than the yeast SKI3, it is possible that a truncated protein is expressed and plays a reduced role in the SKI complex.
<title>Image clustering using fuzzy graph theory</title> (1999)

We propose an image clustering algorithm which uses fuzzy graph theory. First, we define a fuzzy graph and the concept of connectivity for a fuzzy graph. Then, based on our definition of connectivity we propose an algorithm which finds connected subgraphs of the original fuzzy graph. Each connected subgraph can be considered as a cluster. As an application of our algorithm, we consider a database of images. We calculate a similarity measure between any paris of images in the database and generate the corresponding fuzzy graph. The, we find the subgraphs of the resulting fuzzy graph using our algorithm. Each subgraph corresponds to a cluster. We apply our image clustering algorithm to the key frames of news programs to find the anchorperson clusters. Simulation results show that our algorithm is successful to find most of anchorperson frames from the database.
Dynamically replicated memory (2010)

DRAM is facing severe scalability challenges in sub-45nm tech- nology nodes due to precise charge placement and sensing hur- dles in deep-submicron geometries. Resistive memories, such as phase-change memory (PCM), already scale well beyond DRAM and are a promising DRAM replacement. Unfortunately, PCM is write-limited, and current approaches to managing writes must de- commission pages of PCM when the first bit fails. This paper presents dynamically replicated memory (DRM), the first hardware and operating system interface designed for PCM that allows continued operation through graceful degradation when hard faults occur. DRM reuses memory pages that con- tain hard faults by dynamically forming pairs of complementary pages that act as a single page of storage. No changes are required to the processor cores, the cache hierarchy, or the operating sys- tem's page tables. By changing the memory controller, the TLBs, and the operating system to be DRM-aware, we can improve the lifetime of PCM by up to 40x over conventional error-detection techniques.
STRATEGIES AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGING HIGH-CARBON ASH (2004)

The overall objective of the present project was to identify and assess strategies and solutions for the management of industry problems related to carbon in ash. Specific issues addressed included: (1) the effect of parent fuel selection on ash properties and adsorptivity, including a first ever examination of the air entrainment behavior of ashes from alternative (non-coal) fuels; (2) the effect of various low-NOx firing modes on ash properties and adsorptivity based on pilot-plant studies; and (3) the kinetics and mechanism of ash ozonation. This laboratory data has provided scientific and engineering support and underpinning for parallel process development activities. The development work on the ash ozonation process has now transitioned into a scale-up and commercialization project involving a multi-industry team and scheduled to begin in 2004. This report describes and documents the laboratory and pilot-scale work in the above three areas done at Brown University and the University of Utah during this three-year project.
Adaptive Power Control Technique on Power-Gated Circuitries (2010)

An adaptive power control (APC) system on power-gated circuitries is proposed. The core technique is a switching state determination mechanism as an alternative of critical path replicas. It is intrinsically tolerant of process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations because it directly monitors the behavior of VDDV node. The APC system includes a multi-mode power gating network, a voltage sensor, a variable threshold comparator, a slack detection block, and a bank of bidirectional shift registers. By dynamically configuring the size of power gating devices, an average of 56.5% unused slack resulted from worst case margins or input pattern change can be further utilized. A 32-64 bit multiply-accumulate (MAC) unit is fabricated using UMC 90-nm standard process CMOS technology as a test vehicle. The measurement results of test chips exhibit an average of 12.39% net power reduction. A 7.96× leakage reduction is reported by power gating the MAC unit. For the 32-bit multiplier of MAC, the area and power overhead of proposed APC system are 5% and 1.08%, respectively. Most of the overhead is contributed by power gating devices and their control signal buffers.
Spotting Rapid Facial Movements from Videos Using Appearance-Based Feature Difference Analysis (2014)

Spotting micro-expressions is a primary step for continuous emotion recognition from videos. Spotting in this context refers to automatically finding the temporal locations of the face-related events from a video sequence. Rapid facial movements mainly include micro-expressions and eye blinks. However, the role of eye blinks in expressing emotions is still controversial, and often they are considered as micro-expressions as well. In this paper a simple method for automatically spotting rapid facial movements from videos is proposed. The method relies on analyzing differences in appearance-based features of sequential frames. In addition to finding the temporal locations, the system is able to provide spatial information about the movements in the face. Micro-expression spotting experiments are carried out on three datasets consisting only of spontaneous micro-expressions. Baseline micro-expression spotting results are provided for these three datasets including the publicly available CASME database. Also an example of spatial localization of the spotted rapid movements is presented.
Optical coherence tomography with phase-sensitive light (2006)

A new configuration for optical coherence tomography is proposed that utilizes a phase-conjugate amplifier in conjunction with a Michelson interferometer to detect interference between two classical light fields with a non-zero phase-sensitive cross correlation. This imaging configuration - which we call phase-conjugate optical coherence tomography (PC-OCT) - shares the same factor-of-two axial resolution improvement and cancellation of even-order dispersion terms that are the key features of quantum optical coherence tomography, but without the necessity for non-classical signal and reference beams. Under appropriate conditions, PC-OCT can achieve a signal-to-noise ratio that is comparable to that of conventional optical coherence tomography.
Framework stabilization of Si-rich LTA zeolite prepared in organic-free media (2014)

Zeolite HOU-2 (LTA type) is prepared with the highest silica content (Si/Al = 2.1) reported for Na-LTA zeolites without the use of an organic structure-directing agent. The rational design of Si-rich zeolites has the potential to improve their thermal stability for applications in catalysis, gas storage, and selective separations.
Joint Spectrum Sensing and Transmission Strategy for Energy-Efficient Cognitive Radio Networks (2013)

In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio network in which a secondary user (SU) has opportunities to access one of multiple channels licensed by several primary users (PUs). Before transmission, SU should sequentially decide which channel to explore and in what sequence, as well as whether to a
Code reassignment scheme on CDMA smart antenna systems (2002)

This paper proposed code reassignment scheme on CDMA smart antenna systems. The proposed scheme suppresses multi-channel access interference (MAI) caused by the shortage of an orthogonal spreading code in a sector. Computer simulation shows an 18% capacity gain and 3 dB reduction of Tx power on the down link.
Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Chemical synthesis, structure, and biological activities of (25R)-3 beta,26-dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one, a metabolite of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one. (1989)

3 beta-Hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one (I) is a potent inhibitor of sterol synthesis with significant hypocholesterolemic activity. (25R)-3 beta,26-Dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one (II) has been shown to be a major metabolite of I after incubation with rat liver mitochondria. Described herein is the chemical synthesis of II from diosgenin. As part of this synthesis, improved conditions are described for the conversion of diosgenin to (25R)-26-hydroxycholesterol. Benzoylation of the latter compound gave (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3 beta,26-diol 3 beta,26-dibenzoate which, upon allylic bromination followed by dehydrobromination, gave (25R)-cholesta-5,7-diene-3 beta,26-diol 3 beta,26-dibenzoate. Hydrogenation-isomerization of the delta 5.7-3 beta,26-dibenzoate to (25R)-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta,26-diol 3 beta,26-bis(cyclohexanecarboxylate) followed by controlled oxidation with CrO3-dimethylpyrazole gave (25R)-3 beta,26-dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one 3 beta,26-bis(cyclohexanecarboxylate). Acid hydrolysis of the delta 8(14)-15-ketosteryl diester gave II. 13C NMR assignments are given for all synthetic intermediates and several major reaction byproducts. The structure of II was unequivocally established by X-ray crystal analysis. II was found to be highly active in the suppression of the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in cultured mammalian cells and to inhibit oleoyl coenzyme A-dependent esterification of cholesterol in jejunal microsomes.
Virulence of strong and weakly haemolytic strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (2013)

In this study, 20 B. hyodysenteriae isolates were tested in an in vitro assay for their haemolytic capacity. Three isolates displayed a significantly lower haemolytic capacity than the other tested strains. To determine whether the haemolytic capacity correlates with in vivo pathogenicity, the pathogenic potential of six isolates with different haemolytic capacity was investigated in a mouse model (1).
Catalytic Scavenging of Peroxynitrite by Isomeric Mn(III) <i>N</i>-Methylpyridylporphyrins in the Presence of Reductants (1999)

Three isomers of manganese(III) 5,10,15, 20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP) were evaluated for their reaction with peroxynitrite. The Mn(III) complexes reacted with peroxynitrite anion with rate constants of 1.85 x 10(7), 3.82 x 10(6), and 4.33 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) at 37 degrees C for MnTM-2-PyP, MnTM-3-PyP, and MnTM-4-PyP, respectively, to yield the corresponding oxo-Mn(IV) complexes. Throughout the pH range from 5 to 8.5, MnTM-2-PyP reacted 5-fold faster than the other two isomers. The oxo-Mn(IV) complexes could in turn be reduced by glutathione, ascorbate, urate, or oxidize tyrosine. The rate constants for the reduction of the oxo-Mn(IV) complexes ranged from >10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for ascorbate to 10(3)-10(4) M(-1) s(-1) for tyrosine and glutathione. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that there is no significant difference in the E1/2 of the Mn(IV)/Mn(III) couple; thus, the differential reactivity of the three isomeric complexes is interpreted in terms of electrostatic and steric effects. Micromolar concentrations of MnTM-2-PyP compete well with millimolar CO2 at reacting with ONOO-, and it can even scavenge a fraction of the ONOOCO2- that is formed. By being rapidly oxidized by ONOO- and ONOOCO2- and reduced by antioxidants such as ascorbate, urate, and glutathione, these manganese porphyrins, and especially MnTM-2-PyP, can redirect the oxidative potential of peroxynitrite toward natural antioxidants, thus protecting more critical targets such as proteins and nucleic acids.
RADON: Repairable Atomic Data Object in Networks (2017)

Erasure codes offer an efficient way to decrease storage and communication costs while implementing atomic memory service in asynchronous distributed storage systems. In this paper, we provide erasure-code-based algorithms having the additional ability to perform background repair of crashed nodes. A repair operation of a node in the crashed state is triggered externally, and is carried out by the concerned node via message exchanges with other active nodes in the system. Upon completion of repair, the node re-enters active state, and resumes participation in ongoing and future read, write, and repair operations. To guarantee liveness and atomicity simultaneously, existing works assume either the presence of nodes with stable storage, or presence of nodes that never crash during the execution. We demand neither of these; instead we consider a natural, yet practical network stability condition N1 that only restricts the number of nodes in the crashed/repair state during broadcast of any message.\n\nWe present an erasure-code based algorithm RADON_{C} that is always live, and guarantees atomicity as long as condition N1 holds. In situations when the number of concurrent writes is limited, RADON_{C} has significantly improved storage and communication cost over a replication-based algorithm RADON_{R}, which also works under N1. We further show how a slightly stronger network stability condition N2 can be used to construct algorithms that never violate atomicity. The guarantee of atomicity comes at the expense of having an additional phase during the read and write operations.
An Advanced Injection System For Chemical Activation Of Blast Furnace Slag Cement (1994)

ABSTRACT Granulated, hydraulic Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) is finding application as a well-cementing material mixed either in water or in water-based drilling fluids. Unlike Portland cement-based systems, which have been used for well cementing for almost a century, the BFS formulations require chemical activators to achieve set for most well conditions. The most widely used activators are soluble inorganic alkalies. This paper reports the design, development, and testing of the Proportioning Injector Unit (PIU).This device is placed in the flow line (between the drilling rig mud pumps and the cementing head) when using BFS to cement casing in a well. The PIU includes an inline flow meter to continuously monitor the flow rate of a BFS cement lacking one or more of the activators. The data from the flow meter allows a programmable controller to operate the positive displacement pumps ensuring a precise, predetermined amount of activator solution is injected into the stream prior to the now activated BFS cement entering the cementing head. A prototype PIU has been fabricated, yard tested, and used for a test mix in the field. It is now available for use in conjunction with drilling rig mud handling equipment to cement casing in wells.
Cost Analysis as a Tool for the Development of Sc Recovery Processes from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) (2018)

Process development for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from production wastes is generally seen as one strategy to address potential supply shortages for these critical materials. However, very few reported process systems are both technologically feasible and economically viable. Herein, we propose a strategy which considers comprehensive cost analysis in the presence of irreducible uncertainty as a core strategy introduced early on at the process design stage for the recovery of scandium (Sc) from bauxite residue (red mud). The latter represents an important process example of REE recovery from what is typically considered a waste material. In particular, using both a classical and a probabilistic framework for cost model development and assessment, cost is considered as a key design parameter in addition to selectivity and yield to design processes primed for industrial applications. We further show that such an approach affords significantly enhanced prospects of economic viability to the proposed process system when comparatively evaluated against reported ones, thus promising to drive environmental remediation of red mud through recovery of a valuable material (Sc2O3) under enhanced environmental and economic performance profiles.