gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Pyrazine-Pyridine Biheteroaryls as Novel, Potent, and Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Inhibitors (2005)

There is much evidence that direct inhibition of the kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) will result in the reduction of angiogenesis and the suppression of tumor growth. Palladium-catalyzed C-C bond, C-N bond formation reactions were used to assemble various pyrazine-pyridine biheteroaryls as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Among them, 4-{5-[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-pyrazin-2-yl]-pyridin-3-ylamino}-butan-1-ol (39) and N-{5-[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-pyrazin-2-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-N',N'-dimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine (41) exhibited the highest kinase selectivity against fibroblast growth factor receptor kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3. All of these compounds showed good cellular potency to inhibit VEGF-stimulated proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) but with modest effects on the unstimulated growth of HUVEC. The low inhibition of these compounds to the growth of tumor cell lines, such as HeLa, HCT-116, and A375 further confirms that these VEGFR-2 inhibitors are not cytotoxic agents. The in vivo antitumor activity of 39 and 41 were demonstrated in the A375 human melanoma xenograft nude mice model. Molecular modeling (QSAR analysis) was conducted in an attempt to rationalize the observed structure-activity relationship.
Mid-range probing—towards range-guided particle therapy (2018)

Particle therapy can achieve excellent dose localization but is sensitive to range uncertainty. Therefore, online in vivo range verification before treatment is critical for treatment safety and quality assurance. We introduce a novel range-probing technique that uses mid-range treatment spots selected from the treatment plan as probing beams to be delivered before other treatment spots in pencil beam scanning. The probing spot signal can be acquired by an in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) scanner, and the reconstructed spot positions are compared with pre-calculated positions to measure the range shift. Mid-range probing ensures that the Bragg peaks stay inside the tumor even with significant range variation from the plan. Single-layered spots enable easier spot detection than multi-layered spots without cross-layered spot smearing. With therapeutic dose, the probing beam offers higher positron activities and range detectability than the low-dose imaging beam by up to two orders of magnitude, without exposing patients to extra radiation. Higher positron activities allow sufficient signal statistics in shorter acquisition time, therefore reducing metabolic washout of positron emitters. Thus, range shifts from the plan can be measured easily. We also describe two online range-compensated plan modification methods. We apply correction, if the range shift is above a certain tolerance. We studied feasibility using simulated particle treatment plans with online anatomical changes. For illustration, we demonstrate range shift measurement using simulated probing dose. The proposed range probing and correction effectively handled range shifts in the simulated cases. Both range-compensated adaptation and optimization accounted for online changes so that the delivered dose matched the planned dose. With a dedicated online in-beam PET scanner and phantom and clinical studies, which are currently being developed, this novel strategy may open up a range-guided particle therapy<sup>1</sup> paradigm.
Synthesis of para-methoxybenzyl (PMB) ethers under neutral conditions (2007)

2-(4-Methoxybenzyloxy)-4-methylquinoline reacts with methyl triflate in the presence of alcohols to generate a neutral organic salt that transfers the para-methoxybenzyl (PMB) protecting group onto alcohols in high yield and under mild conditions.
Double‐rotor switched reluctance machine design, simulations, and validations (2015)

Double‐rotor switched reluctance machine (DRSRM) is a new type of switched reluctance machine that is composed of two rotors and one stator integrated in one machine housing, which is potentially more compact, lower cost, and enables two mechanical outputs suitable for hybrid electric transmissions. This study presents detailed design and simulation procedures of a DRSRM. Various electromagnetic design aspects are investigated to comprehensively analyse the DRSRM design. Loss analysis and thermal simulations are performed to evaluate the thermal loading, and a DRSRM drive model is built to simulate the DRSRM performance. Then a DRSRM prototype is manufactured and tested. The test results confirmed the design and simulations with good agreements.
Automated singulating system for transfer of live broilers (2002)

This paper addresses the problems of automating the process of transferring live broilers (meat chickens) from a conveyor to a moving shackle line. Specifically, we focus on establishing the criteria for designing for an automated system for singulating and orienting the birds for subsequent transferring to a moving shackle line. Since both the mechanical forces and the bird's natural reflexes contribute to the overall dynamics as the bird passes through the singulator, an experimental prototype singulator has been developed to facilitate the study of bird's natural reflexes to mechanical singulation. The system has been experimentally demonstrated and evaluated with live birds at the Gold Kist research farm and at a poultry-processing plant in Georgia. It is expected that the results will provide significant insights to the design and control of future mechanical singulators.
Gonadocrinins: Peptides in Ovarian Follicular Fluid Stimulating the Secretion of Pituitary Gonadotropins* (1981)

A newly discovered small peptide purified from rat follicular fluid stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH in vitro as well as in vivo. Dialysates of crude acid extracts of ovarian follicular tissue and fluid from rats pretreated with PMS gonadotropin stimulate the secretion of both LH and FSH, but not PRL, GH, or TSH, in a pituitary monolayer culture system. This stimulating factor, named gonadocrinin for operational facility, is smaller than 3500 daltons; its biological activity disappears after treatment with trypsin. Gonadocrinin is not recognized by two-antisera binding the decapeptide LRF even though D-Phe2,D-Trp6-LR, an LRF analog antagonist, competitively inhibits the activity of ovarian gonadocrinin. Cultured rat granulosa cells also secret substances with gonadocrinin activity in vitro, indicating that the granulosa cells probably are in vivo the source of gonadocrinin. A crude preparation of gonadocrinin given iv to rats on the second day of diestrus induced secretion of LH comparable to that produced by a 250-ng LRF injection. Gonadocrinin has chemical characteristics different from those of LRF. When purified gonadocrinin or LRF was applied to an identical isocratic high pressure liquid chromatography system, LRF was eluted at a position different from that of gonadocrinin, indicating that, chemically, gonadocrinin is not identical to the hypothalamic decapeptide, LRF.
A blind wavelet-based watermarking with detail-subband coefficients prediction (2008)

Recently, the wavelet transform is widely used in multimedia signal processing applications. To provide security solution, the digital watermarking is involved. This study presents a blind wavelet-based watermarking which cooperates with the Human Visual System (HVS) embedding watermarks into detail-subband coefficients. Since the imperceptibility is the most significant issue in watermarking, the approximate band is maintained unchanged, while the other detail subbands are modified to carry information. The perceptual embedded weights for all subbands are determined based on the Just Noticeable Distortion (JND) criterion. The strength of the modification is investigated to provide a compromised result between robustness and image quality. In the decoder, the Least-Mean-Square (LMS) is involved to predict the original detail-subband coefficients and then extract the embedded watermarks. As documented in experimental results, the proposed method provides good robustness and excellent image quality.
Quantitative ultrasound characterization of locally advanced breast cancer by estimation of its scatterer properties (2014)

Overall, the binary classification results (tumor versus normal tissue) were more promising than tumor grade assessment. Combinations of advanced parameters can further improve the separation of tumors from normal tissue compared to the use of linear regression parameters. While the linear regression parameters were sufficient for characterizing breast tumors and normal breast tissues, advanced parameters and their textural features were required to better characterize tumor subtypes.
A new readily processable polyimide (1986)

As part of an effort to develop tough solvent resistance thermoplastics for potential use as structural resins on aerospace vehicles, a new processable polyimide was evaluated. The synthesis involved the reaction of a new diamine, 1,3-bis 2-(3-aminophenoxy)ethyl ether, with 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride to form the polyamic acid and subsequent conversion of it to the polyimide. Various physical properties such as thermal stability, solvent resistance, glass transition temperature, crystalline melt temperature, melt viscosity and mechanical properties such as fracture toughness, adhesive, film and composite properties are reported. Of particular interest is the extremely high titanium to titanium tensile shear strength obtained for this polyimide.
A Structure–Activity Relationship Study and Combinatorial Synthetic Approach of C-Terminal Modified Bifunctional Peptides That Are δ/μ Opioid Receptor Agonists and Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists (2008)

A series of bifunctional peptides with opioid agonist and substance P antagonist bioactivities were designed with the concept of overlapping pharmacophores. In this concept, the bifunctional peptides were expected to interact with each receptor separately in the spinal dorsal horn where both the opioid receptors and the NK1 receptors were found to be expressed, to show an enhanced analgesic effect, no opioid-induced tolerance, and to provide better compliance than coadministration of two drugs. Compounds were synthesized using a two-step combinatorial method for C-terminal modification. In the method, the protected C-terminal-free carboxyl peptide, Boc-Tyr( tBu)- d-Ala-Gly Phe-Pro-Leu-Trp(Boc)-OH, was synthesized as a shared intermediate using Fmoc solid phase chemistry on a 2-chlorotrityl resin. This intermediate was esterified or amidated in solution phase. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) showed that the C-terminus acted as not only a critical pharmacophore for the substance P antagonist activities, but as an address region for the opioid agonist pharmacophore that is structurally distant from the C-terminal. Among the peptides, H-Tyr- d -Ala-Gly-Phe-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bzl ( 3) demonstrated high binding affinities at both delta and mu receptors ( K i = 10 and 0.65 nM, respectively) with efficient agonist functional activity in the mouse isolated vas deferens (MVD) and guinea pig isolated ileum (GPI) assays (IC 50 = 50 and 13 nM, respectively). Compound 3 also showed a good antagonist activity in the GPI assay with substance P stimulation ( K e = 26 nM) and good affinity for the hNK1 receptor ( K i = 14 nM). Consequently, compound 3 is expected to be a promising and novel type of analgesic with bifunctional activities.
Piezoelectric leaf-cell sensor for simultaneous density and compressibility measurement (2020)

In resonant piezoelectric sensors that measure fluid density and viscosity simultaneously the underlying physical mechanism is a thin shear boundary effect. A distributed traction develops over the resonator surface dependent on the product of density and viscosity. Accordingly, these sensors have insignificant dilatational interaction with the fluid and remain insensitive to fluid compressibility. Here we describe a novel sensor geometry sensing fluid compressibility as well as density and viscosity. The sensor utilizes a symmetric piezoelectric spoke structure to excite a circumferential “cell” geometry derived from a Rhodonea, or more commonly four-leaf roses, conformal mapping having a high degree of dilatational coupling to the fluid within and around the cell due to the curvilinear geometry resonance response. The coupling between the cell structure and the fluid volume creates a standing acoustic wave in the fluid and changes the resonance response of the piezoelectric cell as the density and compressibility of the fluid change. The admittance spectrum of the piezoelectric sensor is well fit by the Butterworth-Van Dyke model for a piezoelectric transducer, and the effective mass, damping and compliance of the model are modulated by the properties of the fluid. Measurements are presented on fluids of known density, viscosity, and compressibility.
Cross-media Retrieval by Learning Rich Semantic Embeddings of Multimedia (2017)

Cross-media retrieval aims at seeking the semantic association between different media types. Most existing methods paid much attention on learning mapping functions or finding the optimal spaces, but neglected how people accurately cognize images and texts. This paper proposes a brain inspired cross-media retrieval framework to learn rich semantic embeddings of multimedia. Different from directly using off-the-shelf image features, we combine the visual and descriptive senses for an image from the view of human perception via a joint model, called multi-sensory fusion network (MSFN). A topic model based TextNet maps texts into the same semantic space as images according to their shared ground truth labels. Moreover, in order to overcome the limitations of insufficient data for training neural networks and less complexity in text form, we introduce a large-scale image-text dataset, called Britannica dataset. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our framework for different lengths of texts on three benchmark datasets as well as Britannica dataset. Most of all, we report the best known average results of Img2Text and Text2Img compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
Use of Embedded Corrosion Sensors and Sensor Blankets to Detect Paint Degradation (2003)

Abstract In-situ corrosion sensors based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been used to detect coating defects and monitor coating degradation. Three versions of the sensor were evaluated: sensors embedded between the primer and topcoat, sensors permanently attached to the topcoat surface, and sensors mounted on the surface only during the measurement process. Each version offers potential to localize coating defects with the portability of the third version (sensor blanket) providing advantages in inspecting existing structures.
A NAP-AAO3 Regulatory Module Promotes Chlorophyll Degradation via ABA Biosynthesis in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Leaves (2014)

Chlorophyll degradation is an important part of leaf senescence, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Excised leaves of an Arabidopsis thaliana NAC-LIKE, ACTIVATED BY AP3/PI (NAP) transcription factor mutant (nap) exhibited lower transcript levels of known chlorophyll degradation genes, STAY-GREEN1 (SGR1), NON-YELLOW COLORING1 (NYC1), PHEOPHYTINASE (PPH), and PHEIDE a OXYGENASE (PaO), and higher chlorophyll retention than the wild type during dark-induced senescence. Transcriptome coexpression analysis revealed that abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism/signaling genes were disproportionately represented among those positively correlated with NAP expression. ABA levels were abnormally low in nap leaves during extended darkness. The ABA biosynthetic genes 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE2, ABA DEFICIENT3, and ABSCISIC ALDEHYDE OXIDASE3 (AAO3) exhibited abnormally low transcript levels in dark-treated nap leaves. NAP transactivated the promoter of AAO3 in mesophyll cell protoplasts, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that NAP can bind directly to a segment (-196 to -162 relative to the ATG start codon) of the AAO3 promoter. Exogenous application of ABA increased the transcript levels of SGR1, NYC1, PPH, and PaO and suppressed the stay-green phenotype of nap leaves during extended darkness. Overexpression of AAO3 in nap leaves also suppressed the stay-green phenotype under extended darkness. Collectively, the results show that NAP promotes chlorophyll degradation by enhancing transcription of AAO3, which leads to increased levels of the senescence-inducing hormone ABA.
A Select Combination of Clinically Relevant Phytoestrogens Enhances Estrogen Receptor β-Binding Selectivity and Neuroprotective Activities in Vitro and in Vivo (2008)

We have previously shown that a number of naturally occurring phytoestrogens and derivatives were effective to induce some measures of neuroprotective responses but at a much lower magnitude than those induced by the female gonadal estrogen 17beta-estradiol. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether a combination of select phytoestrogens could enhance neural responses without affecting the reproductive system. We performed a range of comparative analyses of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha/beta binding profile, and in vitro to in vivo estrogenic activities in neural and uterine tissues induced by clinically relevant phytoestrogens: genistein, daidzein, equol, and IBSO03569, when used alone or in combination. Our analyses revealed that both the ERalpha/beta binding profile and neural activities associated with individual phytoestrogens are modifiable when used in combination. Specifically, the combination of genistein plus daidzein plus equol resulted in the greatest binding selectivity for ERbeta and an overall improved efficacy/safety profile when compared with single or other combined formulations, including: 1) an approximate 30% increase in ERbeta-binding selectivity (83-fold over ERalpha); 2) a greater effect on neuronal survival against toxic insults in primary neurons; 3) an enhanced activity in promoting neural proactive defense mechanisms against neurodegeneration, including mitochondrial function and beta-amyloid degradation; and 4) no effect on uterine growth. These observations suggest that select phytoestrogens in combination have the therapeutic potential of an alternative approach to conventional estrogen therapy for long-term safe use to reduce the increased risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease associated with menopause in women.
Optimal dispatch of photovoltaic inverters in residential distribution systems (2014)

Low-voltage distribution feeders were designed to sustain unidirectional power flows to residential neighborhoods. The increased penetration of roof-top photovoltaic (PV) systems has highlighted pressing needs to address power quality and reliability concerns, especially when PV generation exceeds the household demand. A systematic method for determining the active- and reactive-power set points for PV inverters in residential systems is proposed in this paper, with the objective of optimizing the operation of the distribution feeder and ensuring voltage regulation. Binary PV-inverter selection variables and nonlinear power-flow relations render the optimal inverter dispatch problem nonconvex and NP-hard. Nevertheless, sparsity-promoting regularization approaches and semidefinite relaxation techniques are leveraged to obtain a computationally feasible convex reformulation. The merits of the proposed approach are demonstrated using real-world PV-generation and load-profile data for an illustrative low-voltage residential distribution system.
Identification of a stratigraphic model with seismic constraints (2006)

International audience
Evaluation of an ASFV RNA Helicase Gene A859L for Virus Replication and Swine Virulence (2021)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is producing a devastating pandemic that, since 2007, has spread to a contiguous geographical area from central Europe to Asia. In July 2021, ASFV was detected in the Dominican Republic, the first report of the disease in the Americas in more than 40 years. ASFV is a large, highly complex virus harboring a large dsDNA genome that encodes for more than 150 genes. The majority of these genes have not been functionally characterized. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that ASFV gene A859L encodes for an RNA helicase, although its function has not yet been experimentally assessed. Here, we evaluated the role of the A859L gene during virus replication in cell cultures and during infection in swine. For that purpose, a recombinant virus (ASFV-G-∆A859L) harboring a deletion of the A859L gene was developed using the highly virulent ASFV Georgia (ASFV-G) isolate as a template. Recombinant ASFV-G-∆A859L replicates in swine macrophage cultures as efficiently as the parental virus ASFV-G, demonstrating that the A859L gene is non-essential for ASFV replication. Experimental infection of domestic pigs demonstrated that ASFV-G-∆A859L replicates as efficiently and induces a clinical disease indistinguishable from that caused by the parental ASFV-G. These studies conclude that the predicted RNA helicase gene A859L is not involved in the processes of virus replication or disease production in swine.
Glycomimetic Peptides as Immune System Activators in the Treatment of Cancer and Viral Infections (2021)

Immune system cells express a number of receptors that bind to sugar ligands. This binding initiates the activation of T-cell lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Dr J. Kenneth Hoober, Dr Laura L. Eggink and the team at Susavion have designed peptides that bind to different receptors on immune cells. The peptides effectively extend the lives of mice with glioblastoma and ovarian cancer, and prevent the replication of viruses in the presence of non-neutralising antibodies. The mechanism of action of their peptides could inspire the development of effective treatments for Covid-19 and other viral infections.
Mechanical Properties and Performance under Laboratory and Field Conditions of a Lightweight Fluorogypsum-Based Blend for Economic Artificial-Reef Construction (2020)

This paper investigates the mechanical properties under laboratory and field conditions of a concretelike blend made of fluorogypsum (FG), fly ash, and portland cement for artificial-reef construction, which is referred to as a FG-based blend. The 28-day compressive strength and relative volumetric expansion of the FG-based blend were statistically characterized. After 1 year of immersion in brackish water under field conditions, the compressive strength of the FG-based blend experienced a moderate reduction when compared with material under laboratory conditions but did not degrade below its 28-day value. Visual examination of the immersed specimens indicated that aquatic organisms are attracted to the proposed material. Field investigation of a small artificial-reef structure made of a FG-based blend indicated that sea floor settlement due to the weight of the structure was small. A preliminary cost analysis comparing the cost of artificial reefs constructed with different materials suggests that the proposed FG-based blend is a promising environment-friendly economic material for artificial-reef construction.
Secure multiparty computation (2020)

MPC has moved from theoretical study to real-world usage. How is it doing?