gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNS Hardware Matrix Multiplier for High Precision Neural Network Acceleration: "RNS TPU" (2018)

An arithmetic circuit is introduced that performs efficient matrix multiplication for hardware acceleration of neural networks, machine learning, web search and other applications. The circuit is comprised of a plurality of two-dimensional systolic arrays of multiplier-accumulators; these systolic arrays are connected to form a hardware matrix multiplier which processes data using high precision, fixed-point RNS arithmetic. The matrix multiplier takes advantage of the carry-free properties of RNS arithmetic by partitioning each RNS digit into its own dedicated matrix multiplier unit. By operating a plurality of digit matrix multipliers in parallel, a suitable RNS word size is realized. Each partitioned digit matrix multiplier processes a plurality of product summations, or dot products. After dot product summation is complete, the matrix multiplier transfers each summation to a normalization pipeline unit. The systolic architecture favors a narrow RNS digit encoding, so each digit matrix multiplier is realized in minimal IC area, using fast adders and multipliers. These features and others result in greater speed and efficiency versus binary fixed-point arithmetic, especially when comparing high precision implementations. Using an FPGA based implementation and analysis, the RNS matrix multiplier performs matrix multiplication of 32.32 fixed-point arithmetic 7 to 9 times more efficiently than a binary matrix multiplier provided the dimension of the matrices multiplied are sufficiently large.
The sap from Euphorbia peplus is effective against human nonmelanoma skin cancers (2011)

The clinical responses for these relatively unfavourable lesions (43% had failed previous treatments, 35% were situated in the head and neck region and 30% were > 2 cm in diameter), are comparable with existing nonsurgical treatments. An active ingredient of E. peplus sap has been identified as ingenol mebutate (PEP005). This clinical study affirms community experience with E. peplus sap, and supports further clinical development of PEP005 for the treatment of BCC, SCC and IEC.
From ultra-wide-band signals to coherent frequency synthesis (2014)

This paper describes the potentialities of ultra-wide-band signals that can be used as coherent signals. Starting from what traditionally are parasitic spikes in UWB signals, this work shows how an UWB can be coherent to a low frequency reference. Coherence is shown for a periodically repeated oscillation train (PROT) that has particular spectrum characteristics. The coherence mechanism is experimentally demonstrated with a PROT generator in the 60 GHz band fabricated on a standard CMOS 40nm technology. Finally, the PROT signal characteristics are used in order to synthesize a CW sine signal with low phase noise in the 60 GHz band. This is achieved with the use of an injection locked oscillator. It is shown that the synthesized signal reproduces the phase noise characteristics of the input low frequency signal.
The time dimension and its relationship to the analytic process (2007)

Abstract Human beings seem to have a need for transcendence. The present is examined in light of the past to build our biographical identity, the essence of the continuity of our person in time. Renunciation, being fundamental to the achievement of psychic maturity, is related to leaving something behind and accepting the passing of time and the impossibility of controlling the future. But is it enough? No; renunciation is not enough; we need something more. In psychoanalysis, this can be defined as facilitating a space to play or a space of illusion in our own lives. In therapy, analysands perform a core task basically related to time. They remember the past to then abandon and renounce it. In addition, they forfeit control over the future. In addition, a space of illusion to push them beyond mere renunciation is also required—a space for playing, and therefore also for encounter. Analysands pretend that life and therapy can be eternal, that the therapist will always be there, that they can fully possess the analyst, that they can be everything to him. It is an “as if” space that, far from representing a distancing from reality, implies—when carried out in full—an act of devotion and commitment by both participants in the analysis.
Digital adherence technologies for the treatment of tuberculosis: landscape and research priorities (2018)

Poor medication adherence may increase rates of loss to follow-up, disease relapse, and drug resistance for individuals with active tuberculosis (TB). While TB programs have historically used direct observation of therapy (DOT) to address adherence, concerns have been raised about the patient burden, ethical limitations, effectiveness in improving treatment outcomes, and long-term feasibility of DOT for health systems. Digital adherence technologies (DATs)—which include feature phone- and smartphone-based technologies, digital pillboxes, and ingestible sensors—may facilitate more patient-centric approaches for monitoring adherence, though available data are limited. Depending on the specific technology, DATs may help to remind patients to take their medications, facilitate digital observation of pill-taking, compile dosing histories, and triage patients based on their level of adherence, which can facilitate provision of individualized care by TB programs to patients with varied levels of risk. Research is needed to understand whether DATs are acceptable to patients and healthcare providers, accurate for measuring adherence, effective in improving treatment outcomes, and impactful in improving health system efficiency. In this article, we describe the landscape of DATs that are being used in research or clinical practice by TB programs and highlight priorities for research.
Speaker adaptation of hybrid NN/HMM model for speech recognition based on singular value decomposition (2014)

Recently several speaker adaptation methods have been proposed for deep neural network (DNN) in many large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) tasks. However, only a few methods rely on tuning the weight matrices in trained DNNs to optimize system performance since it is very prone to over-fitting especially when some class labels are missing in the adaptation data. In this paper, we propose a new speaker adaptation method for the hybrid NN/HMM speech recognition model based on singular value decomposition (SVD). We apply SVD on the weight matrices in trained DNNs, and then tune diagonal matrices with the adaptation data. This solves the over-fitting problem since we can change the weight matrices slightly by only modifying the singular values. We evaluate the proposed adaptation method in two standard speech recognition tasks, namely TIMIT phone recognition and large vocabulary speech recognition in the Switchboard task. Experimental results have shown that it is effective to adapt large DNN models using only a small amount of adaptation data. For example, the Switchboard results have shown that the proposed SVD-based adaptation method may achieve up to 3-6% relative error reduction using only a few dozens of adaptation utterances per speaker.
A 10-Bit Column-Driver IC With Parasitic-Insensitive Iterative Charge-Sharing Based Capacitor-String Interpolation for Mobile Active-Matrix LCDs (2014)

This paper presents a 10-bit column driver IC for active-matrix LCDs, with a proposed iterative charge-sharing based (ICSB) capacitor-string that interpolates two output voltages from a resistor-string DAC. Iterative mode change between a capacitive voltage division mode and a charge sharing mode in the ICSB capacitor-string interpolation suppresses the effect of mismatches between capacitors and that of parasitic capacitances; thus, a highly linear capacitor sub-DAC is realized. In addition, the area-sharing layout technique, which stacks the interpolation capacitor-string on top of the R-DAC area, reduces the driver channel size and extends the bit resolution of the gamma-corrected nonlinear main R-DAC. Consequently, the proposed ICSB capacitor-string interpolation scheme provides highly uniform channel performance by passively dividing the coarse voltages from the global resistor-string DAC with high area efficiency, and more effective bit resolution for nonlinear gamma correction. The prototype column driver IC was implemented using a 0.11-μm CMOS process. The area occupation of the DAC and buffer amplifier per channel is only 188 × 15 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the static power consumption is 0.9 μA/channel with no additional static power dissipation for the interpolation. The measured maximum DNL and INL are 0.25 LSB and 0.43 LSB, respectively. The measured maximum inter-channel DVO is 5.6 mV. The proposed chip achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of chip size and channel-to-channel uniformity.
Surface functionalization of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI applications – effect of anchoring group and ligand exchange protocol (2010)

Hydrophobic magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from thermal decomposition of iron salts must be rendered hydrophilic for their application as MRI contrast agents. This process requires refunctionalizing the surface of the nanoparticles with a hydrophilic organic coating such as polyethylene glycol. Two parameters were found to influence the magnetic behavior and relaxivity of the resulting hydrophilic iron oxide nanoparticles: the functionality of the anchoring group and the protocol followed for the functionalization. Nanoparticles coated with PEGs via a catecholate-type anchoring moiety maintain the saturation magnetization and relaxivity of the hydrophobic magnetite precursor. Other anchoring functionalities, such as phosphonate, carboxylate and dopamine decrease the magnetization and relaxivity of the contrast agent. The protocol for functionalizing the nanoparticles also influences the magnetic behavior of the material. Nanoparticles refunctionalized according to a direct biphasic protocol exhibit higher relaxivity than those refunctionalized according to a two-step procedure which first involves stripping the nanoparticles. This research presents the first systematic study of both the binding moiety and the functionalization protocol on the relaxivity and magnetization of water-soluble coated iron oxide nanoparticles used as MRI contrast agents.
High average power, high repetition rate, picosecond pulsed fiber master oscillator power amplifier source seeded by a gain-switched laser diode at 1060 nm (2006)

We demonstrate a pulsed ytterbium-doped fiber master-oscillator power amplifier source at 1060 nm producing over 300 W of average power in 20-ps pulses at 1-GHz repetition rate. The pulses generated by a gain-switched diode were compressed by a chirped fiber Bragg grating and amplified without any distortion with excellent spectral quality. This fiber master oscillator power amplifier system offers versatility and potential for further power scaling.
Chronic-Alcohol-Abuse-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2012)

Chronic alcohol ingestion increases the risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of acute lung injury, characterized by alveolar epithelial and endothelial barrier disruption and intense inflammation. Alcohol abuse is also associated with a higher incidence of sepsis or pneumonia resulting in a higher rate of admittance to intensive care, longer inpatient stays, higher healthcare costs, and a 2-4 times greater mortality rate. Chronic alcohol ingestion induced severe oxidative stress associated with increased ROS generation, depletion of the critical antioxidant glutathione (GSH), and oxidation of the thiol/disulfide redox potential in the alveolar epithelial lining fluid and exhaled breath condensate. Across intracellular and extracellular GSH pools in alveolar type II cells and alveolar macrophages, chronic alcohol ingestion consistently induced a 40-60 mV oxidation of GSH/GSSG suggesting that the redox potentials of different alveolar GSH pools are in equilibrium. Alcohol-induced GSH depletion or oxidation was associated with impaired functions of alveolar type II cells and alveolar macrophages but could be reversed by restoring GSH pools in the alveolar lining fluid. The aims of this paper are to address the mechanisms for alcohol-induced GSH depletion and oxidation and the subsequent effects in alveolar barrier integrity, modulation of the immune response, and apoptosis.
CAFEˊ: a Complex Adaptive Financial Environment (2002)

Describes the Complex Adaptive Financial Environment (CAFE/spl acute/), a simulator for complex adaptive systems implemented in Java. CAFE/spl acute/'s object-oriented design makes it suitable for many types of simulation. We give an example of a market simulation where food is traded for gold and explore the effects of adding several kinds of speculators to the system. This paper describes the software structure and design of CAFE/spl acute/, building upon the object-oriented and distributed features of the Java programming language. Although the primary application for this system is in the computational finance area, we envision a much more general usage.
Design and implementation of knowledge base for quantitative remote sensing (2003)

The remotely sensed images can be understood and analyzed better through comparing the remote sensing spectrum and the spectrum with known land surface structure and physical chemistry parameters. It is unavoidable to compute land surface spectrum based on prior knowledge and remote sensing physical models when we cannot obtain the measured spectrum on suitable time and pixel size. The remote sensing knowledge base integrates data, image, and physical models for quantitative remote sensing. Here in our remote sensing spectral knowledge base, the digital elevation model, land cover and land cover maps and soil map are restored in the spatial database. The climatic changes and spatial patterns of vegetation are restored in the expert system. And component spectrum of vegetation, soil, water, snow, minerals, man-made object are measured and also stored in the database. It is apparent that they themselves have data systems and the systems usually are different with input and output parameter systems of remote sensing physical models. In order to solve the discrepancies, metadata of data and model are put forward. About design of the knowledge base, defining and organizing metadata is key task. Accordingly to data, image and model in the knowledge base, the metadata also consists of metadata about data, metadata about image, and metadata about model. Metadata describes formation, quality and meaning of data, image and model. Data exchanges between database, image base and model base are found on the metadata, and is coordinated by an expert system based on rule, so data extraction and re-organizing will obtain flexible as large as possible. The data-engine extracts data from databases and transfers the data between database and model base, and the model-agent selects suitable models to extend the structure and physical chemistry parameters, and extract land surface facts, finally compute the land surface spectrum on multi-temporal & spatial scales
Structural and Biosynthetic Studies of the Granule Membrane Protein, GMP-140, from Human Platelets and Endothelial Cells (1989)

GMP-140 is an integral membrane glycoprotein of apparent Mr = 140,000 located in secretory storage granules of platelets and vascular endothelial cells. When these cells are activated, GMP-140 redistributes from the membrane of the granules to the plasma membrane. To gain insight into the potential function of GMP-140, we examined aspects of its structure and biosynthesis. The amino acid composition of platelet GMP-140 revealed elevated numbers of cystinyl (6.1%), prolinyl (7.2%), and tryptophanyl (2.1%) residues. GMP-140 contained 28.8% carbohydrate by weight, distributed among N-acetylneuraminic acid, neutral sugar, and N-acetylglucosamine residues. Enzymatic removal of N-linked oligosaccarides reduced the protein's apparent Mr by more than 50,000. The biosynthesis of GMP-140 in HEL cells, which share biochemical features with megakaryocytes, was studied by pulse-chase labeling with [35S]cysteine followed by immunoprecipitation. HEL cells synthesized a heterogeneous GMP-140 precursor of 98-125 kDa which converted to a mature 140-kDa form within 40-60 min. Removal of high mannose oligosaccarides by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H treatment reduced the apparent Mr of the precursor but not the mature protein. Tunicamycin-treated HEL cells synthesized three to four precursors of 80-92 kDa, suggesting the possibility of heterogeneity of GMP-140 at the protein level. Exposure of activated platelets to proteases followed by Western blotting indicated that most of the mass of GMP-140 was located on the extracytoplasmic side of the membrane. Our studies indicate that GMP-140 is a cysteine-rich, heavily glycosylated protein with a large extracytoplasmic domain. These features are compatible with a receptor function for the molecule when it is exposed on the surface of activated platelets and endothelial cells.
Competitive facility location: Unequally attractive facilities. (1993)

Existing competitive facility location models assume that the facilities concerned are equally attractive and therefore distance is the only choice variable among them. When the facilities are not equally attractive, additional variables which differentiate facilities come to bear in customer facility preference. The models developed in this dissertation find the best location for a facility which is not equally attractive to existing ones. Two approaches, which employ different assumptions about customer behavior, are taken in the development of the best location solution. The first approach, based on Hotelling's theory, assumes that customers patronize the most attractive facility. Proximity is one component of attractiveness, and is "traded off" for higher quality facilities. Differences in overall quality are converted to a distance measure and the best location for the facility is found such that the market share it captures is maximized. The second approach, based on Huff's formulation, is based on a formula for predicting market share captured by shopping centers. This formula is based on the area of a shopping center in which a retail establishment is located and the distance from it. The best location for a new shopping center is found. The models are further tested on a set of empirical data in a series of simulations. These simulations provide a comparison of the location solutions between existing models and the models developed in this dissertation. The superiority of the location models presented is reflected in market share captured. The sensitivity of the location solution and the market share captured to changes in attractiveness measures, and the impact on market share captured of changes in facility size are demonstrated. The simulations and procedures developed provide decision makers with important policy instruments for strategic planning. In addition to finding the best location for a new facility, the decision maker can assess the impact on the location and/or the market share of his facility (existing or new) of changes in the quality and/or the location of any other facility.
Nonlinear model predictive control using neural networks (2000)

A neural-network-based technique for developing nonlinear dynamic models from empirical data for an model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is presented. These models can be derived for a wide variety of processes and can also be used efficiently in an MPC framework. The nonlinear MPC-based approach presented has been successfully implemented in a number of industrial applications in the refining, petrochemical, pulp and paper, power, and food industries. Performance of the controller on a nonlinear industrial process, a polyethylene reactor, and a simulated continuous stirred tank reactor is presented.
Predictive opportunistic spectrum access using learning based hidden Markov models (2011)

To realize opportunistic spectrum access, spectrum sensing is applied to detect the presence of spectrum holes. If secondary radios (SRs) randomly or sequentially sense the channels until a spectrum hole is detected, significant amount of the scarce spectrum resource will be wasted, since SRs transmit only after a decision has been made. On the other hand, with the use of an intelligent predictive method, SRs can learn from the past activities of each channel to predict the next channel state. By prioritizing the order in which channels are sensed according to the channels availability likelihoods, the probability that an SR gets a channel upon its first attempt significantly increases, and thus reduces the possible waste. This paper introduces a learning-based hidden Markov model (HMM) to predict the channel activities. Simulation results show that the proposed HMM can predict the channel activities with high accuracy after sufficient training. Our algorithm predicts the availability of the channels by only making use of the current state of the spectrum. Furthermore, by incorporating the outcome of the actual channel sense, our algorithm is able to make self-regulation before next decision, so that errors will not propagate.
Endoscopic inspection using a panoramic annular lens (1991)

Endoscopy is a technique for imaging the inner part of a volume or cavity. Such techniques have applications in many areas, such as medicine, civil engineering, and aerospace; indeed, anywhere tubes and pipes are involved. The present paper discusses a method of endoscopy which utilizes a unique panoramic annular lens to obtain a flat two-dimensional annular image of the 360 degree surround of the optical system. Although the distortions involved in the optical mapping to produce such an image are not very severe, and the images can be interpreted by inspection, computer algorithms are introduced to linearize the images so as to simplify their interpretation.
A Distributed IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) (2007)

This document presents the architecture of a distributed IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). The architecture distributes network functional elements in Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) overlay network. This work focuses on distributing the SIP proxies, such as the Serving-Call/Session Control Function (S-CSCF) and the Interrogating-Call/Session Control Function, as well as the Home Subscriber server (HSS), and up to some degree, presence servers. A combined DHT overlay network is also proposed. Distribution of the network functional elements in a DHT fashion leads to increased robustness of IMS network elements. Besides the self-organizing overlay network offers a significant savings in OPEX.
Improving on the Ability of Endogenous Hepatitis B Core Antigen to Prime Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2010)

Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) is thought to be a major target for specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in hepatitis B virus infections. A single dose of hepatitis C virus nonstructural 3/4A DNA (<5 microg) effectively primes functional specific CTLs, independently of CD4(+) T helper cells and by different routes of immunization. In contrast, HBcAg-specific CTL priming was T helper cell dependent and highly sensitive to the dose and route of delivery. Although CTL priming was improved 10-fold by codon optimization and in vivo electroporation, low levels of DNA still failed to prime CTLs effectively. Only high doses (5 microg) of codon-optimized HBcAg delivered by in vivo electroporation primed in vivo lytic and polyfunctional CTLs. The ability of endogenous HBcAg to prime CTLs is surprisingly inefficient and differs from that of nonstructural 3/4A. This has important implications for the design of HBcAg-based therapeutic vaccines in humans.