gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Damage Imaging Method Based on MUSIC Algorithm of Linear Sensor Array for Aircraft Structure (2017)

The performance and behavior characteristics of in-service aircraft structures can be affected by damage from external conditions such as impact, loading abrasion and corrosion, which seriously influences the safety of aircrafts. Hence, damage monitoring and localization has become a topic of significant interest in structural health monitoring (SHM) and widely researched. Since the guided wave is sensitive to small damages and can monitor large area region, guided wave based SHM method is one of the most potential SHM methods for aircrafts. Recently, multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is applied to the guided waved based SHM method for damage localization. In this paper, a damage imaging method, which combines the MUSIC (Multiple signal classification) algorithm and linear sensor array, was proposed and used for monitoring the aircraft structure damage. This method utilized the array signal processing method based on MUSIC algorithm, which performed the eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix of array signal and then calculated the spatial spectrum by direction scanning to realize damage imaging. The method had an advantage of arranging the linear sensor array easily. The experiment on the aircraft structure had been established. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can realize damage imaging on aircraft structures accurately and the damage localization error was less than 2 cm.
Edge caching for directory based web applications: algorithms and performance (2004)

In this paper, a dynamic content caching framework is proposed for deploying directory based applications at the edge of the network, closer to the client. The framework consists of a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory cache and the offloaded application running at a proxy. The LDAP directory cache is an enhanced LDAP proxy server which stores results and semantic information for search requests (queries) and answers incoming queries which are semantically contained in them. A simplified query containment approach based on the concept of LDAP templates is proposed. Caching algorithms have been proposed which take advantage of referential locality in the access pattern. A generic framework is used to offload the application at the edge and to support prefetching of LDAP queries based on application logic. A real enterprise directory application and real workloads are used to evaluate performance of the caching algorithms. The LDAP directory cache architecture, along with the proposed algorithms can be used to improve performance and scalability of directory based services.
Synthesis, Structure–Activity, and Structure–Stability Relationships of 2‐Substituted‐<i>N</i>‐(4‐oxo‐3‐oxetanyl) <i>N</i>‐Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA) Inhibitors (2014)

N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a cysteine amidase that preferentially hydrolyzes saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which are endogenous agonists of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). Compounds that feature an α-amino-β-lactone ring have been identified as potent and selective NAAA inhibitors and have been shown to exert marked anti-inflammatory effects that are mediated through FAE-dependent activation of PPAR-α. We synthesized and tested a series of racemic, diastereomerically pure β-substituted α-amino-β-lactones, as either carbamate or amide derivatives, investigating the structure-activity and structure-stability relationships (SAR and SSR) following changes in β-substituent size, relative stereochemistry at the α- and β-positions, and α-amino functionality. Substituted carbamate derivatives emerged as more active and stable than amide analogues, with the cis configuration being generally preferred for stability. Increased steric bulk at the β-position negatively affected NAAA inhibitory potency, while improving both chemical and plasma stability.
In Vitro Production of Functionally Mature Hepatocytes from Prospectively Isolated Hepatic Stem Cells (2003)

Hepatocyte transplantation and artificial organ hepatic support require a number of functionally mature hepatocytes. However, their growth activity and functional behaviors are much smaller in culture after isolation from the liver. We examined whether continuously differentiating hepatocytes from multipotent hepatic stem cells that were isolated by using flow cytometry and propagated clonally in culture could be a source of clinical application. They actually gave rise to cells that were functionally equal to mature hepatocytes found in the adult liver, which secreted albumin into culture medium and metabolized harmful ammonium into urea. These data suggest that stem cell-derived hepatocytes are a useful cell source for developing therapeutic strategies, such as cell transplantation, gene therapy, and artificial liver organ to treat various liver disorders.
High Affinity Antibodies against Influenza Characterize the Plasmablast Response in SLE Patients After Vaccination (2015)

Breakdown of B cell tolerance is a cardinal feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Increased numbers of autoreactive mature naïve B cells have been described in SLE patients and autoantibodies have been shown to arise from autoreactive and non-autoreactive precursors. How these defects, in the regulation of B cell tolerance and selection, influence germinal center (GC) reactions that are directed towards foreign antigens has yet to be investigated. Here, we examined the characteristics of post-GC foreign antigen-specific B cells from SLE patients and healthy controls by analyzing monoclonal antibodies generated from plasmablasts induced specifically by influenza vaccination. We report that many of the SLE patients had anti-influenza antibodies with higher binding affinity and neutralization capacity than those from controls. Although overall frequencies of autoreactivity in the influenza-specific plasmablasts were similar for SLE patients and controls, the variable gene repertoire of influenza-specific plasmablasts from SLE patients was altered, with increased usage of JH6 and long heavy chain CDR3 segments. We found that high affinity anti-influenza antibodies generally characterize the plasmablast responses of SLE patients with low levels of autoreactivity; however, certain exceptions were noted. The high-avidity antibody responses in SLE patients may also be correlated with cytokines that are abnormally expressed in lupus. These findings provide insights into the effects of dysregulated immunity on the quality of antibody responses following influenza vaccination and further our understanding of the underlying abnormalities of lupus.
P2 Structure Sodium Manganese Oxides for Na-Ion Batteries (2015)

Lithium ion batteries have dominated the world of portable electronic devices over the past two decades and are making their way into the electric vehicle market due to their high energy density. However, recently sodium ion batteries have regained the interest of the scientific community due to the high and uniform abundance of sodium across the world and consequent low cost compared to lithium, making them attractive for grid storage. Various electrode materials have been studied for sodium ion batteries. Layered oxides, NaMO 2 , where M is one or more transition metals, represent an attractive class of cathodes for Na batteries. Here we show that Na 0.67 MnO 2 with the P2 structure, Figure 1 a), exhibits a high capacity (175 mAhg -1 ), close to the best reported for a Na cathode, and with good capacity retention, in contrast to previous studies of Na 0.67 MnO 2 where the capacity faded rapidly. [1] Due to the presence of Jahn–Teller active Mn 3+ in Na 0.67 MnO 2 , the structure undergoes various structural transitions during sodiation/desodiation leading to many voltage steps in the charge/discharge profile. [2], [3] We have investigated reducing the phase transitions by substituting Mn 3+ ions with electrochemically inactive dopant ions, which have a strong preference for octahedral sites in the layered oxide framework. This leads to the formation of a highly stable framework that shows a smooth charge/discharge profile with very low polarization even for a substitution level as low as 5%, Figure 1 b) and a capacity of ~ 175 mAhg -1 . Such an observation is significant for the future development of sodium ion battery cathode materials. References: [1] A. Caballero, L. Hernán, J. Morales, L. Sánchez, J. Santos Peña, and M. A. G. Aranda, J. Mater. Chem. , 12 , 1142–1147. [2] N. Yabuuchi, M. Kajiyama, J. Iwatate, H. Nishikawa, S. Hitomi, R. Okuyama, R. Usui, Y. Yamada, and S. Komaba, Nat. Mater. , 11 , 512-517. [3] X. Wang, M. Tamaru, M. Okubo, and A. Yamada, J. Phys. Chem. C , 2013, 117 , 15545. Figure 1
Spatially Adaptive Block-Based Super-Resolution (2011)

Super-resolution technology provides an effective way to increase image resolution by incorporating additional information from successive input images or training samples. Various super-resolution algorithms have been proposed based on different assumptions, and their relative performances can differ in regions of different characteristics within a single image. Based on this observation, an adaptive algorithm is proposed in this paper to integrate a higher level image classification task and a lower level super-resolution process, in which we incorporate reconstruction-based super-resolution algorithms, single-image enhancement, and image/video classification into a single comprehensive framework. The target high-resolution image plane is divided into adaptive-sized blocks, and different suitable super-resolution algorithms are automatically selected for the blocks. Then, a deblocking process is applied to reduce block edge artifacts. A new benchmark is also utilized to measure the performance of super-resolution algorithms. Experimental results with real-life videos indicate encouraging improvements with our method.
Active shields (2002)

A new shielding scheme, active shielding, is proposed for reducing delays on interconnects. As opposed to conventional (passive) shielding, the active shielding approach helps to speed up signal propagation on a wire by ensuring in-phase switching of adjacent nets. Results show that the active shielding scheme improves performance by up to 16% compared to passive shields and up to 29% compared to unshielded wires. When signal slopes at the end of the line are compared, savings of up to 38% and 27% can be achieved when compared to passive shields and unshielded wires, respectively.
Crosslinked urethane doped polyester biphasic scaffolds: Potential for <i>in vivo</i> vascular tissue engineering (2010)

In vivo tissue engineering uses the body as a bioreactor for tissue regeneration, thus placing stringent requirements on tissue scaffolds, which should be mechanically robust for immediate implantation without a long in vitro cell culture time. In addition to mechanical strength, vascular grafts fabricated for in vivo tissue engineering approach must have matching mechanical properties to the target tissues to avoid compliance mismatch, which is one of the reasons for graft failure. We recently synthesized a new generation of strong and elastic biodegradable crosslinked urethane-doped polyesters (CUPE) to address the challenge of developing soft, elastic yet strong biodegradable polymers. This study evaluated the tensile strength, burst pressure, and suture retention of CUPE biphasic scaffolds to determine if the scaffolds met the requirements for immediate implantation in an in vivo tissue engineering approach. In addition, we also examined the hemocompatibility and inflammatory potential of CUPE to demonstrate its potential in serving as a blood-contacting vascular graft material. Tensile strength of CUPE biphasic scaffolds (5.02 ± 0.70 MPa) was greater than native vessels (1.43 ± 0.60 MPa). CUPE scaffolds exhibited tunable burst pressure ranging from 1500 mmHg to 2600 mmHg, and adequate suture retention values (2.45 ± 0.23 N). CUPE showed comparable leukocyte activation and whole blood clotting kinetics to poly(L-lactic acid) PLLA. However, CUPE incited a lesser release of inflammatory cytokines and was found to be non hemolytic. Combined with the mechanical properties and previously demonstrated anti-thrombogenic nature, CUPE may serve as a viable graft material for in vivo blood vessel tissue engineering.
Size-controlled preparation of fluorescent gold nanoparticles using pamoic acid (2015)

We previously showed that pamoic acid (PA) could be utilized as a reducing and capping reagent for preparing monodispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with diameters of 10.8 nm. Here, we show that the size of these PA-capped AuNPs can be varied in a controlled manner by changing the pH used in the preparation process. By changing the added amount of NaOH in the PA solution before mixing with HAuCl4, several types of AuNPs were prepared at different pH values. The absorption spectra showed a red shift of the characteristic peak of the AuNPs with decreasing pH, indicating the formation of larger AuNPs. The TEM results confirmed this relationship between AuNP size and pH, and the zeta potentials indicated that the AuNPs capped with PA were more stable than the AuNPs prepared by citrate reduction method. Furthermore, the PA-capped AuNPs showed much higher fluorescence intensities than those of citrate-capped AuNPs, which is due to the fluorescence of PA. The sizes of PA-capped spherical AuNPs could also be controlled by a seed-mediated growth approach. However, the original PA-capped AuNPs, with diameters of 10.8 nm, exhibited the highest fluorescence intensities among the various types of PA-capped AuNPs that were grown. In addition to conferring fluorescence properties to the AuNPs, the capping by PA also provided the nanoparticles with carboxylate groups.
A Wide-Load-Range Constant-Charge-Auto-Hopping Control Single-Inductor-Dual-Output Boost Regulator With Minimized Cross-Regulation (2011)

A novel single-inductor-dual-output (SIDO) boost regulator with sequential-control is presented. This control can handle large loads or unbalanced loads with minimized cross interference between channels. A constant-charge-auto-hopping (CCAH) control is also presented to further extend the power handling capacity of the regulator with a predictable system switching noise spectrum. The switching frequency of the converter can be automatically hopped between 1 MHz and 1 MHz/N where N = 2 to 7 according to the total loads and during load transient. To minimize cross-regulation during frequency hopping, the inductor peak current is set to a predefined value according to the switching frequency information from the frequency detection unit to deliver a constant charge per switching period to the unchanged outputs. The response of the transient output is also enhanced with this inductor peak current prediction method. A prototype has been fabricated with a 0.35 μm CMOS process to verify the effectiveness of the CCAH control. With 1.8 V-2.4 V input voltage, two regulated output voltages between 3.0 V and 3.6 V, with maximum 400 mA to 600 mA driving capability and maximum power efficiency of 91.6% is achieved at total output power of 1.15 W. Load transient measurements show that the worst-case cross-regulation is 0.033 mV/mA with a 300 mA load current change at output A and 0.0714 mV/mA with a 280 mA load current change at output B. No noticeable cross-regulation can be observed with a less than 200 mA load current change.
Learning Vector-space Representations of Items for Recommendations Using Word Embedding Models (2016)

We present a method of generating item recommendations by learning item feature vector embeddings. Our work is analogous to approaches like Word2Vec or Glove used to generate a good vector representation of words in a natural language corpus. We treat the items that a user interacted with as analogous to words and the string of items interacted with in a session as sentences. Our embedding generates semantically related clusters and the item vectors generated can be used to compute item similarity which can be used to drive product recommendations. Our method also allows us to use the feature vectors in other machine learning systems. We validate our method on the MovieLens dataset.
Electrostatic precipitator electrode cleaning system. [Patent: electrically-activated shaking devices] (1977)

Electrically-activated shaking devices are arranged in modules to shake the electrodes of an electrostatic precipitator, each module corresponding to a different section of the precipitator. An operating system for the shaking devices includes a main distributor circuit that sends electrical signals to individual control circuits at each of the modules in sequence and at a relatively fast rate. Each control circuit has an adjustable timer that independently generates pulses at a relatively slow rate and a synchronizing circuit that generates an output signal only if it receives a signal from the timer followed by a signal from the main distributor. Each control circuit further includes a secondary distributor circuit that operates in response to the synchronizing circuit to activate the shaking devices in the associated module sequentially. An inhibit device operated by the synchronizing circuit prevents more than a single shaker from being activated at a time.
A Holographic Photomask Defect Inspection System (1985)

The need for automatic defect inspection of photomasks has been well recognized by the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Indeed, commercial equipment for this purpose has been available for many years. The method used in the commercial equipment is based on the point-by-point comparison of one die with an adjacent die or with the data base, in a serial fashion. As the minimum features of the production integrated circuit (IC) pattern approach micrometer and submicrometer dimensions and the pattern area increases to about 150 mm in diameter, the inspection time per photomask by this method becomes formidably long, sometimes hours. To reduce the inspection time, radically different inspection methods are clearly needed. One such method is based on an optical information processing technique.1'2 This method has an inherent advantage: the IC pattern and the defect information over the entire photomask are processed simultaneously, or in parallel. However, several difficulties in the past have prevented this method from being practical. Under the sponsorship of Insystems, scientists at the University of Daytsn Research Institute were able to circumvent these difficulties by means of holography.'. Based on the successful results achieved there, Insystems undertook the task of developing an automated photo-mask inspection system, the Model 8405. This system is designed for turn-key operation in IC manufacturing facilities. Major performance specifications of the system are listed below. . Acceptable photomask sizes: standard sizes or others up to 178 mm x 178 mm (7" x 7") . Acceptable photomask thicknesses: standard thicknesses or others up to 6.4 mm (0.25") with or without pellicle . Detectable defect sizes: 0.5 um or larger with or without pellicle . Automatic inspection time: 7 minutes or less for 100 mm x 100 mm photomasks . Hologram or filter production time: approximately 6 minutes . Defect report formats: include computer printout of defect map (indicating defect types, sizes and locations), video terminal displays of holographic defect image and corresponding microscope image The purpose of this paper is to describe this system and present some preliminary results.
Pump depletion reduction technique for extended-range distributed Brillouin fiber sensors (2009)

We present a numerical and experimental analysis of a technical solution, capable of alleviating the problem of pump depletion in a long-range Brillouin distributed fiber sensor. This solution takes advantage of the presence of two sidebands in the probe wave to generate a dual gain-loss Brillouin interaction, giving rise to reduced pump depletion. Experimental results, carried out by using both a Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis (BOFDA) configuration and a Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) configuration, permitted to evaluate the advantages and limitations of the gain-loss technique. An extensive experimental and numerical analysis has been carried out, in order to understand the differences on the effectiveness of the technique, between BOTDA and BOFDA set-ups.
Improvement of stress tolerance of wheat and barley by modulation of expression of DREB/CBF factors (2010)

Transcription factors have been shown to control the activity of multiple stress response genes in a coordinated manner and therefore represent attractive targets for application in molecular plant breeding. We investigated the possibility of modulating the transcriptional regulation of drought and cold responses in the agriculturally important species, wheat and barley, with a view to increase drought and frost tolerance. Transgenic wheat and barley plants were generated showing constitutive (double 35S) and drought-inducible (maize Rab17) expression of the TaDREB2 and TaDREB3 transcription factors isolated from wheat grain. Transgenic populations with constitutive over-expression showed slower growth, delayed flowering and lower grain yields relative to the nontransgenic controls. However, both the TaDREB2 and TaDREB3 transgenic plants showed improved survival under severe drought conditions relative to nontransgenic controls. There were two components to the drought tolerance: real (activation of drought-stress-inducible genes) and 'seeming' (consumption of less water as a result of smaller size and/or slower growth of transgenics compared to controls). The undesired changes in plant development associated with the 'seeming' component of tolerance could be alleviated by using a drought-inducible promoter. In addition to drought tolerance, both TaDREB2 and TaDREB3 transgenic plants with constitutive over-expression of the transgene showed a significant improvement in frost tolerance. The increased expression of TaDREB2 and TaDREB3 lead to elevated expression in the transgenics of 10 other CBF/DREB genes and a large number of stress responsive LEA/COR/DHN genes known to be responsible for the protection of cell from damage and desiccation under stress.
An Aortic Balloon Catheter Incorporating a Conduit for Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support (1998)

Circulatory support using both intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) can improve general hemodynamics; however, sometimes brain damage occurs caused by hypoperfusion. Such cerebral hypoperfusion is likely to be caused by PCPS when applying the conventional femoral cannulation. We have developed a new IABP catheter which incorporates a conduit for PCPS with an outlet at the catheter tip, the goal of which is the improvement of cerebral perfusion. The hemodynamic characteristics of this new IABP catheter were compared with those of the conventional combination of IABP and PCPS. Studies were performed by mock test using a pulsatile artificial heart. A polyvinyl chloride tube acted as the aorta with 2 branches at the proximal and distal portions representing the upper and lower portions of the body. The IABP balloon was positioned between the 2 branches, and changes in flow at the 2 branches were examined at varying PCPS flow rates. Flow in the proximal branch using the new device was greater than it was using the conventional PCPS device. We conclude that cerebral perfusion could be improved with the use of this new special IABP catheter.