gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The matched-lag filter: Detecting broadband multipath signals with auto- and cross-correlation functions (2001)

Signal detection is considered for uncertain noise variance and a broadband source of unknown waveform and emission time. The signal travels to the receivers along paths with unknown delays. Using a new "matched-lag filter," the presence or absence of the signal is estimated from the auto- and cross-correlation functions of the receptions. Like a matched filter, correlation functions provide the first stage of gain in signal-to-noise ratio because the paths are assumed to be partially coherent. The second stage achieves additional gain by searching only over physically possible arrangements of signals in the auto- and cross-correlation functions while excluding forbidden arrangements. These stages enable the matched-lag filter to behave like a matched filter within a matched filter. In an ideal case, simulations of the matched-lag filter yield probabilities of detection that are, with one and two receivers, 4.1 and 366 times, respectively, that obtained from the conventional energy detector at a false-alarm probability of 0.001. The matched-lag filter has applications to wireless communications and the detection of acoustic signals from animals, vehicles, ships, and nuclear blasts. The matched-lag filter more completely describes signal structure than stochastic detection and communication theories whose specified auto-correlation function does not prohibit forbidden arrangements.
Semiconductor Core Optical Fibers (2010)

This paper reviews progress in the nascent field of glass-clad semiconductor core optical fibers. This new class of optical fibers may significantly advance the fields of nonlinear fiber optics and infrared power delivery. They also provide considerable insight into the fundamentals of crystal growth and the interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics under non-equilibrium conditions. More specifically, this paper discusses the processing and properties of crystalline unary (silicon and germanium) and binary (indium antimonide) semiconductor optical fibers prepared by a molten core approach that enables long lengths at relatively high speeds by comparison to other fabrication methods.
Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Algal Biomass to Hydrocarbons: Whole Algae Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Upgrading (2014)

This report provides a preliminary analysis of the costs associated with converting whole wet algal biomass into primarily diesel fuel. Hydrothermal liquefaction converts the whole algae into an oil that is then hydrotreated and distilled. The secondary aqueous product containing significant organic material is converted to a medium btu gas via catalytic hydrothermal gasification.
Parallel scheduling of complex dags under uncertainty (2005)

This paper introduces a parallel scheduling problem where a directed acyclic graph modeling t tasks and their dependencies needs to be executed on n unreliable workers. Worker i executes task j correctly with probability pi,j. The goal is to find a regimen Ε, that dictates how workers get assigned to tasks (possibly in parallel and redundantly) throughout execution, so as to minimize expected completion time. This fundamental parallel scheduling problem arises in grid computing and project management fields, and has several practical applications.We show a polynomial time algorithm for the problem restricted to the case when dag width is at most a constant and the number of workers is also at most a constant. These two restrictions may appear to be too severe. However, they are fundamentally required. Specifically, we demonstrate that the problem is NP-hard with constant number of workers when dag width can grow, and is also NP-hard with constant dag width when the number of workers can grow. When both dag width and the number of workers are unconstrained, then the problem is inapproximable within factor less than 5/4, unless P=NP.
Pseudo-nondiffracting beams generated by radial harmonic functions (1995)

A Fourier hologram with the distribution of a radial harmonic function creates a nondiverging beam in the far field. The properties of this beam are analyzed and the beam is demonstrated. We also give a set of theorems that describe the relations between the hologram and the longitudinal distribution of the beam.
Superconducting VAR control. [Patent application] (1980)

Static VAR control means are described employing an asymmetrically controlled Graetz bridge and a superconducting direct current coil having low losses and low cost characteristics.
Distortion-optimal self-calibrating parallel MRI by blind interpolation in subsampled filter banks (2011)

Self-calibrating k-space-based image reconstruction in parallel MRI interpolates the subsampled multi-channel data to a fully sampled Nyquist grid in k-space. Adopting a filter bank interpolation framework, we provide a new formulation of the associated inverse problem and develop the theory for blind identification of the interpolant filters. The developed method is applied to imaging scenarios where high effective acceleration is desired and is shown to be capable of reconstructing artifact-free images with minimal amount of calibration data - hence, achieving high effective accelerations. Simulation and in-vivo results indicate that improved image quality, and thus greater scan time reductions compared to the state-of-the-art method of GRAPPA can be achieved.
A rapid match algorithm for continuous speech recognition (1990)

This paper describes an algorithm for performing rapid match on continuous speech that makes it possible to recognize sentences from an 842 word vocabulary on a desktop 33 megahertz 80486 computer in near real time. This algorithm relies on a combination of smoothing and linear segmentation together with the notion of word start groups. It appears that the total computation required grows more slowly than linearly with the vocabulary size, so that larger vocabularies appear feasible, with only moderately enhanced hardware. The rapid match algorithm described here is closely related to the one that is used in DragonDictate, Dragon's commercial 30,000 word discrete utterance recognizer.
Automatic segmentation of right ventricle on ultrasound images using sparse matrix transform and level set (2013)

An automatic framework is proposed to segment right ventricle on ultrasound images. This method can automatically segment both epicardial and endocardial boundaries from a continuous echocardiography series by combining sparse matrix transform (SMT), a training model, and a localized region based level set. First, the sparse matrix transform extracts main motion regions of myocardium as eigenimages by analyzing statistical information of these images. Second, a training model of right ventricle is registered to the extracted eigenimages in order to automatically detect the main location of the right ventricle and the corresponding transform relationship between the training model and the SMT-extracted results in the series. Third, the training model is then adjusted as an adapted initialization for the segmentation of each image in the series. Finally, based on the adapted initializations, a localized region based level set algorithm is applied to segment both epicardial and endocardial boundaries of the right ventricle from the whole series. Experimental results from real subject data validated the performance of the proposed framework in segmenting right ventricle from echocardiography. The mean Dice scores for both epicardial and endocardial boundaries are 89.1%±2.3% and 83.6±7.3%, respectively. The automatic segmentation method based on sparse matrix transform and level set can provide a useful tool for quantitative cardiac imaging.
Bandwidth Efficient Cooperative Diversity for Wireless Networks (2007)

Cooperative diversity has been recently proposed as a way to form distributed antenna arrays that improve error performance and capacity. In this paper, a bandwidth efficient cooperative diversity scheme is proposed for half-duplex amplify- and-forward wireless relay networks. By employing a signal space diversity technique and allowing the source node to keep on transmitting over the whole duration of the cooperation frame, the proposed cooperative scheme is proved to be able to achieve both full-rate and full-diversity simultaneously. Diversity analysis shows that the achievable diversity gain is M + 1, where M is the number of relay nodes. Moreover, a power allocation scheme is proposed to maximize the coding gain under a total power constraint. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the full- rate and full-diversity of the proposed scheme.
Aluminum-Fly Ash Metal Matrix Composites for Automotive Parts (2001)

Technical report of the project to produce and evaluate the use of metal matrix composites that incorporate coal fly ash in the commercial manufacture of cast automotive parts.
Infarcted Myocardium-Primed Dendritic Cells Improve Remodeling and Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Modulating the Regulatory T Cell and Macrophage Polarization (2017)

This study showed that tDC therapy in a preclinical model of MI was potentially translatable into an antiremodeling therapy for ischemic tissue repair.
Microwave Induced In-Situ Active Ion Etching of Growing InP Nanocrystals (2008)

High quantum yield (47%) InP nanocrystals can be prepared without the need for post HF treatment by combining microwave methodologies with the presence of a fluorinated ionic liquid. Growing the InP nanocrystals in the presence of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (hmim BF4) allows in situ etching to be achieved. The optimization of the PL QY is achieved by balancing growth and etching rates in the reaction.
C3SRAM: In-Memory-Computing SRAM Macro Based on Capacitive-Coupling Computing (2019)

This letter presents C3SRAM, an in-memory-computing SRAM macro, which utilizes analog-mixed-signal capacitive-coupling computing to perform XNOR-and-accumulate operations for binary deep neural networks. The 256 × 64 C3SRAM macro asserts all 256 rows simultaneously and equips one ADC per column, realizing fully parallel vector-matrix multiplication in one cycle. C3SRAM demonstrates 672 TOPS/W and 1638 GOPS, and achieves 98.3% accuracy for MNIST and 85.5% for CIFAR-10 dataset. It achieves 3975× smaller energy-delay product than conventional digital processors.
Nanoscale nuclear architecture for cancer diagnosis by spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy (2011)

Alterations in nuclear architecture are the hallmark diagnostic characteristic of cancer cells. In this work, we show that the nuclear architectural characteristics quantified by spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy (SL-QPM), is more sensitive for the identification of cancer cells than conventional cytopathology. We demonstrated the importance of nuclear architectural characteristics in both an animal model of intestinal carcinogenesis - APC/Min mouse model and human cytology specimens with colorectal cancer by identifying cancer from cytologically noncancerous appearing cells. The determination of nanoscale nuclear architecture using this simple and practical optical instrument is a significant advance towards cancer diagnosis.
A Cesium-Selective Ion Sieve Made by Topotactic Leaching of Phlogopite Mica (1988)

Ahydrated, sodium phlogopite mica with a c-axis spacing [d(001)] of 12.23 A made by careful low-temperature leaching, showed extremely high selectivity for cesium. This newly discovered cesium ion sieve is useful in the decontamination as well as immobilization of cesium at room temperature through chemical bonding and may find applications in nuclear waste disposal and in decontamination of the environment after accidental releases of nuclear materials.
Efficient reactive monitoring (2002)

Networks are monitored in order to ensure that the system operates within desirable parameters. The increasing complexity of networks and services provided by them increases this need for monitoring. Monitoring consists of measuring properties of the network, and of inferring an aggregate predicate from these measurements. Conducting such monitoring introduces traffic overhead that may reduce the overall effective throughput. This paper studies ways to minimize the monitoring communication overhead in IP networks. We develop and analyze several monitoring algorithms that achieve significant reduction in the management overhead while maintaining the functionality. The main idea is to combine global polling with local event driven reporting. The amount of traffic saving depends on the statistical characterization of the monitored data. We indicate the specific statistical factors that affect the saving and show how to choose the right algorithm for the type of monitored data. In particular our results show that for Internet traffic our algorithms can save more than 90% of the monitoring traffic.
Vertical illumination InAlAs avalanche photodiode for 50-Gbit/s applications (2014)

We achieved a high-performance InAlAs avalanche photodiode (APD) for beyond 25-Gbit/s applications, such as 50-Gbit/s. The large optical tolerance of the APD's vertical-illumination structure makes optical coupling easy compared with waveguide-type structures. The fabricated APD exhibits responsivity of 0.69 A/W with a large 3-dB bandwidth of 30 GHz at a multiplication factor (M) of 4.6, which enables 50-Gbit/s highly sensitive operation.
Precise exceptions in asynchronous processors (2002)

The presence of precise exceptions in a processor leads to complications in its design. Some recent processor architectures have sacrificed this requirement for performance reasons at the cost of software complexity. We present an implementation strategy for precise exceptions in asynchronous processors that does not block the instruction fetch when exceptions do not occur; the cost of the exception handling mechanism is only encountered when an exception occurs during execution - an infrequent event.
Process Cheddar Cheese from Plain and Enzyme Treated Retentates (1979)

An effective method for producing process Cheddar cheese utilizing plain and enzyme treated retentates was outlined. Raw skim milk, selectively uhrafiltered at 60 C, was mixed with plastic cream, pasteurized, and homogenized. Then it was blended in a Hobart mixer with ripened Cheddar cheese, and its solids were adjusted with freeze-dried retentates and processed at 75 C for 10 min. The product, containing up to 40% retentate, was as acceptable as commercial process cheese. At 80% retentate substitution, process cheese showed an undesirable long-grain texture and bland flavor.
Comprehensive and automated image quality performance measurement of computed radiography systems (2001)

A method is developed that enables comprehensive and automatic image quality testing of storage phosphor-based computed radiography (CR) systems. The measurements made with this method are both quantitative and objective, and are consistent with the guidelines set forth by the American Association of Physics in Medicine Task Group 10. The method is implemented as a toolkit that consists of a test phantom, a procedure for making controlled x-ray exposures, and software that automatically analyzes phantom and flat-field images then compares the measured results against a set of tolerances. By using this new method, acceptance testing and periodic image quality control testing of CR systems can be performed quickly and efficiently. A complete CR test that includes measurements for three cassette sizes can be finished in about one hour.
Rubber-Thermoplastic Compositions. Part VI. The Swelling of Vulcanized Rubber-Plastic Compositions in Fluids (1982)

Abstract The swelling of thermoplastic vulcanizates in immersion fluids is constrained. The amount of swelling is less than the average swelling of the rubber and plastic. The constraint in swelling increases with the difference between the swelling of vulcanized rubber and that of the plastic, per se . However, the swelling constraint decreases with increases in the amount of fluid imbibed by the plastic or hard phase material. The thermoplastic vulcanizates prepared by dynamic vulcanization swell less than do the thermosetting (less thermoplastic) compositions prepared by static vulcanization. Swelling is anisotropic, especially for the compositions containing major proportions of rubber.
The 3′-Untranslated Region of Human Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase mRNA Contains a Functional Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence Element (1998)

Type 2 deiodinase (D2) catalyzes the 5'-deiodination of thyroxine to form 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. Two mammalian D2 cDNAs have been identified containing 2 kilobases (kb) of the 7-kb mRNA including the complete coding sequence. Both contain in-frame TGA codons, which should serve as selenocysteine codons. However, the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements required for the decoding of UGA as a selenocysteine in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA are not present. We have identified two overlapping expressed sequence tag clones, which contain the missing 4.4-kb 3'-UTR of the human D2 (hD2) cDNA. Computer analysis predicts a stem loop structure 280 base pairs 5' to the polyadenylation site, which has potent SECIS activity. A fragment containing these sequences hybridizes to D2 mRNA in human thyroid. A G to A mutation in the essential AUGA motif of this element abolished its function. Transfection of the hD2 coding region plus the 3'-UTR results in the expression of D2, and its in vitro transcribed mRNA programs D2 activity in Xenopus oocytes. This is the first identification of a SECIS element in a mammalian D2 cDNA and establishes that hD2 is a bona fide selenoprotein.
Bandwidth-guaranteed IP tunneling router with RSVP (2002)

The Internet Engineering Task Force is standardizing the resource reservation protocol (RSVP) to reserve network resources over TCP/IP networks. End-to-end resource reservation with RSVP requires that RSVP is implemented in all nodes on the path. However, traffic control algorithms for resource reservation are complex in general, so it takes a long time for all nodes including end nodes to support them. Previously, it has been proposed that RSVP be used to guarantee sufficient bandwidth for a virtual private network over a TCP/IP network. The authors consider that the characteristics of traffic within a VPN are similar to the one outside a VPN, and consider only bandwidth as a major network resource parameter. Under these assumptions, the authors proposed a lightweight traffic control algorithm for bandwidth-guaranteed VPN and developed a router with this algorithm. This paper shows the results of an evaluation of this algorithm with pseudo-traffic generated by a specially designed traffic generator based on real traffic, and also shows that the bandwidth for VPN will be guaranteed in the normal VPN environment.
Simultaneous noncontact fiber tension and diameter measurement using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (2004)

The diameter and tension of an optical fiber are simultaneously measured using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. This technique does not perturb the fiber and it may potentially be applied during the fiber draw process.
Phase Development and Luminescence in Chromium‐Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG:Cr) Phosphors (1994)

The phase development and luminescence of chromium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Cr or YAG:Cr) phosphors, prepared by both a chemical precipitation technique and a solid‐state reaction, were studied. The YAG structure formed at a much lower temperature and by a different phase development sequence when the chemical method was employed. The light output of the chemically synthesized powders, measured by laser excitation, was discovered to increase with increasing heat treatment temperature and was found to be brightest when the YAG:Cr phosphor had excess aluminum.
Automatic Stochastic Arabic Spelling Correction With Emphasis on Space Insertions and Deletions (2012)

This paper presents a stochastic-based approach for misspelling correction of Arabic text. In this approach, a context-based two-layer system is utilized to automatically correct misspelled words in large datasets. The first layer produces a list in which possible alternatives for each misspelled word are ranked using the Damerau-Levenshtein edit distance. The same layer also considers merged and split words resulting from deletion and insertion of space character. The right alternative for each misspelled word is stochastically selected based on the maximum marginal probability via A* lattice search and m-gram probability estimation. A large dataset was utilized to build and test the system. The testing results show that as we increase the size of the training set, the performance improves reaching 97.9% of F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> score for detection and 92.3% of F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> score for correction.
ICA-Based Signal Equalization for Digital Receivers (2006)

A technique using independent component analysis (ICA) for blind receiver signal processing is investigated. The problem of the receiver signal processing is viewed as of signal equalization and implementation imperfections compensation. Based on this, a model similar to a general ICA problem is developed for the received signal. Then, the use of ICA technique for blind signal equalization in the time domain is presented. The equalization is regarded as a signal separation problem, since the desired signal is separated from interference terms. A common problem using ICA-based techniques is to find a satisfactory number of the mixing signals to populate the mixing matrix. This problem is addressed in the paper by over-sampling of the received signal. By using ICA for equalization, besides channel equalization, other transmission imperfections such as DC bias offset, carrier phase and IQ imbalance will also be corrected. Simulation results for a system using 16-QAM modulation are presented to show the performance of the proposed scheme.
FunGeCo: a web-based tool for estimation of functional potential of bacterial genomes and microbiomes using gene context information (2019)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
3D Shape Modeling for Cell Nuclear Morphological Analysis and Classification (2018)

Quantitative analysis of morphological changes in a cell nucleus is important for the understanding of nuclear architecture and its relationship with pathological conditions such as cancer. However, dimensionality of imaging data, together with a great variability of nuclear shapes, presents challenges for 3D morphological analysis. Thus, there is a compelling need for robust 3D nuclear morphometric techniques to carry out population-wide analysis. We propose a new approach that combines modeling, analysis, and interpretation of morphometric characteristics of cell nuclei and nucleoli in 3D. We used robust surface reconstruction that allows accurate approximation of 3D object boundary. Then, we computed geometric morphological measures characterizing the form of cell nuclei and nucleoli. Using these features, we compared over 450 nuclei with about 1,000 nucleoli of epithelial and mesenchymal prostate cancer cells, as well as 1,000 nuclei with over 2,000 nucleoli from serum-starved and proliferating fibroblast cells. Classification of sets of 9 and 15 cells achieved accuracy of 95.4% and 98%, respectively, for prostate cancer cells, and 95% and 98% for fibroblast cells. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine these methods for 3D nuclear shape modeling and morphometry into a highly parallel pipeline workflow for morphometric analysis of thousands of nuclei and nucleoli in 3D.