gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach to Facilitating Tradeoff Multi-Objective Grouping Optimization (2015)

The grouping problem is critical in collaborative learning (CL) because of the complexity and difficulty in adequate grouping, based on various grouping criteria and numerous learners. Previous studies have paid attention to certain research questions, and the consideration for a number of learner characteristics has arisen. Such a multi-objective grouping problem is with conflicting grouping objectives, involving the benefit objective (e.g. learning achievement) and cost objective (e.g. class rank) which are conflicting in different directions. This study first proposed a novel approach based on the enhancement of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for facilitating the tradeoff multi-objective grouping optimization, and based on the proposed approach further developed a web-based group support system to help educators for adequate grouping of homogeneous inter-group and heterogeneous intra-group. In addition, the distribution of learners in the class was considered for group formation. Two types of experiments were conducted; one involved a performance analysis against a GA and the Random approach, and the other entailed a study on CL with 90 participants. The experimental results showed the following: 1) The proposed approach is not only more effective than a GA and the Random approach but also more efficient than a GA. 2) As a grouping strategy, the proposed approach can facilitate improved learning performance with statistical significance; in other words, the developed system is able to adequately allocate learners to teams for facilitating CL.
Nonnatural protein–protein interaction-pair design by key residues grafting (2007)

Protein-protein interface design is one of the most exciting fields in protein science; however, designing nonnatural protein-protein interaction pairs remains difficult. In this article we report a de novo design of a nonnatural protein-protein interaction pair by scanning the Protein Data Bank for suitable scaffold proteins that can be used for grafting key interaction residues and can form stable complexes with the target protein after additional mutations. Using our design algorithm, an unrelated protein, rat PLCdelta(1)-PH (pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase C-delta1), was successfully designed to bind the human erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) after grafting the key interaction residues of human erythropoietin binding to EPOR. The designed mutants of rat PLCdelta(1)-PH were expressed and purified to test their binding affinities with EPOR. A designed triple mutation of PLCdelta(1)-PH (ERPH1) was found to bind EPOR with high affinity (K(D) of 24 nM and an IC(50) of 5.7 microM) both in vitro and in a cell-based assay, respectively, although the WT PLCdelta(1)-PH did not show any detectable binding under the assay conditions. The in vitro binding affinities of the PLCdelta(1)-PH mutants correlate qualitatively to the computational binding affinities, validating the design and the protein-protein interaction model. The successful practice of finding a proper protein scaffold and making it bind with EPOR demonstrates a prospective application in protein engineering targeting protein-protein interfaces.
An essential role for the Escherichia coli DnaK protein in starvation-induced thermotolerance, H2O2 resistance, and reductive division (1995)

During a 3-day period, glucose starvation of wild-type Escherichia coli produced thermotolerant, H2O2-resistant, small cells with a round morphology. These cells contained elevated levels of the DnaK protein, adjusted either for total protein or on a per-cell basis. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled protein produced by such starving cells demonstrated that DnaK underwent continuous synthesis but at decreasing rates throughout this time. Glucose resupplementation of starving cells resulted in rapid loss of thermotolerance, H2O2 resistance, and the elevated DnaK levels. A dnaK deletion mutant, but not an otherwise isogenic wild-type strain, failed to develop starvation-induced thermotolerance or H2O2 resistance. The filamentous phenotype associated with DnaK deficiency was suppressed by cultivation in a defined glucose medium. When starved for glucose, the nonfilamentous and rod-shaped dnaK mutant strain failed to convert into the small spherical form typical of starving wild-type cells. The dnaK mutant retained the ability to develop adaptive H2O2 resistance during growth but not adaptive resistance to heat. Complementation of DnaK deficiency by using Ptac-regulated dnaK+ and dnaK+J+ expression plasmids confirmed a specific role for the DnaK molecular chaperone in these starvation-induced phenotypes.
Suppressing 4D-noise by weighted stacking of up-going and down-going migrations (2012)

In deepwater environments where seismic recordings are made using ocean bottom sensors such as nodes (OBN) or cables (OBC) it is possible to produce two independent images of the subsurface using up- and down-going wave-fields. The 4D-signals should be nearly identical on these wave fields but the 4D noise differs greatly. A weighted stack of the up-going and down-going 4D differences based on their similarity is shown to suppress the 4D noises while preserving the signal. Tests of this method on deepwater OBN data acquired in the Mars field shows good results.
A case study of the first language component bridging program in rural Philippines (2003)

https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/5119
A CNN-Based Broad Learning System (2018)

Deep learning is a very active research field in machine learning. The most popular used convolutional neural networks (CNN) is one of deep learning models. However., deep learning suffers from a time consuming training process because of a large number of parameters in filters and layers to be learned. Broad Learning System (BLS) offers an alternative way of machine learning in deep structure. BLS is established based on the idea of the random vector function-link neural network (RVFLNN) which eliminates the drawback of long training process and also provides the generalization capability in function approximation. In this paper, a CNN-based broad learning system (CNNBLS) which is more useful than BLS for computer vision is proposed. In the proposed method, convolution and max pooling are used for feature extraction and then the principal component analysis (PCA) is used for feature dimensionality reduction, following a ridge regression learning for pattern classification. Parameters in convolution filters are randomly initialized which is similar with BLS and RVFLNN. Therefore the proposed method needs less parameters to be optimized at the same time it adopts the very useful feature extraction method for computer vision. Experimental results on the MNIST handwritten digits recognition data set and the NYU NORB object recognition data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells and Endogenous IL-10 Are Required for Resolution of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain (2016)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy persists after completion of cancer treatment in a significant subset of patients, whereas others recover. Persistent neuropathy after completion of cancer treatment severely affects quality of life. We propose that understanding how neuropathy resolves will identify novel avenues for treatment. We identified a novel and critical role for CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and for endogenous IL-10 in recovery from paclitaxel-induced neuropathy in mice. Enhancing the capacity of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to promote resolution or increasing IL-10 signaling are promising targets for novel interventions. Clinically, peripheral blood CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell function and/or the capacity of individuals to produce IL-10 may represent biomarkers of risk for developing persistent peripheral neuropathy after completion of cancer treatment.
The Irish republican military mind (2010)

Fighting for Ireland? is the first in-depth account of the evolution of Irish Republican strategy. It is highly topical in the light of the faltering peace process and the growing speculation over the IRA's next move: further violence or a new non-violent strategy? This new, updated paperback edition is essential reading for those who wish to disentangle the complex issues and motives behind IRA violence.M.L.R. Smith challenges many assumptions about the IRA, pinpointing the organisation's successes as well as its missed opportunities. He demonstrates the tension the movement has experienced between ideology and strategic reality regarding the use of force, illustrating how doctrinal purity has sometimes hampered the IRA in the pursuit of its goals. Contrary to the Irish Republican movement's vigorous and assertive public face Smith uncovers an organisation characterised more by a sense of chronic insecurity than by certainty and continuity.
Abstracts from ABCD Diabetes Update (2023)

Background: Described in a 2017 BBC documentary as "The world's most dangerous eating disorder", type 1 diabetes (T1DM) with disordered eating (T1DE, sometimes referred to as diabulimia) is a disorder in which patients intentionally restrict insulin in order to achieve weight loss.It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, due to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and long-term complications of elevated blood glucose levels.Patients require intensive multidiscipinary team (MDT) support and psychological input to manage this often-fatal condition.Case report: A 29-year-old patient was referred to the diabetes pump clinic.She had a 4-year history of T1DM and a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 135 mmol/mol.On average she took insulin degludec three times a week but never took boluses due to her severe anxiety about weight gain.She had multiple episodes of DKA and suffered with lethargy, osmotic symptoms and recurrent infections.Initially diagnosed with gestational diabetes during her first pregnancy, the patient enjoyed the weight loss she experienced when insulin was discontinued after delivery.Five months postpartum, she was re-diagnosed with T1DM due to persistent hyperglycaemia and ketosis.Having come to associate insulin with weight gain, the patient continued to restrict her insulin intake, stating that she would be "6lb lighter by the morning" if she missed a dose.Decisions to inject were influenced by her weight on a particular day.This situation was exacerbated by a relationship breakdown and social services involvement with her children, triggering feelings of self-loathing and low self-worth in the patient.She was initiated on a Medtronic 780g insulin pump and a Freestyle libre 2 glucose monitoring system, with half of her daily basal requirements given as insulin degludec due to safety concerns.The risks of her behaviour were clearly explained in an honest but non-judgmental manner.She received intensive input from the MDT and underwent cognitive behavioural therapy through the eating disorders team.Three months later, the patient is consistently receiving basal insulin and is inconsistently bolusing.Her HbA1c is 101 mmol/mol and she has had no further episodes of DKA.She unfortunately was hospitalised due to an overdose following loss of custody of her children but is now motivated to improve her health and regain custody.Conclusion: T1DE is a difficult and dangerous condition to manage and it necessitates intensive support from both mental health and diabetes teams.Derby does not yet have an integrated T1DE service but pilots at other centres have given positive outcomes, indicating that these services should be made more widespread nationwide.
Radar-based extended object tracking under clutter using generalized probabilistic data association (2013)

An important foundation for various vehicular applications is a reliable environment recognition. In this context, the simultaneous estimation of the state and the existence of an unknown number of objects under difficult detection conditions is a particular challenge. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for tracking extended objects under clutter. We propose an extended measurement model which enables the estimation of the object width using a standard Kalman filter implementation without the need for clustering the data. As this implies multiple observations generated by one object and additional clutter observations, the generalized probabilistic data association with a state-depended cardinality model is utilized. The proposed algorithm is evaluated with simulated data of a radar-based vehicle tracking system.
Basolateral Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> exchange regulates apical nonselective cation channel in sheep rumen epithelium via cytosolic Mg<sup>2+</sup> (2004)

High potassium diets lead to an inverse regulation of sodium and magnesium absorption in ruminants, suggesting some form of cross talk. Previous Ussing chamber experiments have demonstrated a divalent sensitive Na(+) conductance in the apical membrane of ruminal epithelium. Using patch-clamped ruminal epithelial cells, we could observe a divalent sensitive, nonselective cation conductance (NSCC) with K(+) permeability > Cs(+) permeability > Na(+) permeability. Conductance increased and rectification decreased when either Mg(2+) or both Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) were removed from the internal or external solution or both. The conductance could be blocked by Ba(2+), but not by tetraethylammonium (TEA). Subsequently, we studied this conductance measured as short-circuit current (I(sc)) in Ussing chambers. Forskolin, IBMX, and theophylline are known to block both I(sc) and Na transport across ruminal epithelium in the presence of divalent cations. When the NSCC was stimulated by removing mucosal calcium, an initial decrease in I(sc) was followed by a subsequent increase. The cAMP-mediated increase in I(sc) was reduced by low serosal Na(+) and serosal addition of imipramine or serosal amiloride and depended on the availability of mucosal magnesium. Luminal amiloride had no effect. Flux studies showed that low serosal Na(+) reduced (28)Mg fluxes from mucosal to serosal. The data suggest that cAMP stimulates basolateral Na(+)/Mg(2+) exchange, reducing cytosolic Mg. This increases sodium uptake through a magnesium-sensitive NSCC in the apical membrane. Likewise, the reduction in magnesium uptake that follows ingestion of high potassium fodder may facilitate sodium absorption, as observed in studies of ruminal osmoregulation. Possibly, grass tetany (hypomagnesemia) is a side effect of this useful mechanism.
Suppression of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by fasudil. (1998)

Fasudil is a potent inhibitor for various protein kinases such as myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase C. It has been used as a drug for improvement of intracranial vasospasm and following ischaemic diseases. In this report, we demonstrate that fasudil suppressed the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our finding shows that fasudil may be useful as a new and distinct chemotherapeutic agent against HIV-1 infection.
Combined Red Clover isoflavones and probiotics potently reduce menopausal vasomotor symptoms (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02028702.
Sustained Activation of Cell Adhesion Is a Differentially Regulated Process in B Lymphopoiesis (2003)

It is largely unknown how hematopoietic progenitors are positioned within specialized niches of the bone marrow microenvironment during development. Chemokines such as CXCL12, previously called stromal cell-derived factor 1, are known to activate cell integrins of circulating leukocytes resulting in transient adhesion before extravasation into tissues. However, this short-term effect does not explain the mechanism by which progenitor cells are retained for prolonged periods in the bone marrow. Here we show that in human bone marrow CXCL12 triggers a sustained adhesion response specifically in progenitor (pro- and pre-) B cells. This sustained adhesion diminishes during B cell maturation in the bone marrow and, strikingly, is absent in circulating mature B cells, which exhibit only transient CXCL12-induced adhesion. The duration of adhesion is tightly correlated with CXCL12-induced activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a known molecule involved in integrin-mediated signaling. Sustained adhesion of progenitor B cells is associated with prolonged FAK activation, whereas transient adhesion in circulating B cells is associated with short-lived FAK activation. Moreover, sustained and transient adhesion responses are differentially affected by pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These results provide a developmental cell stage-specific mechanism by which chemokines orchestrate hematopoiesis through sustained rather than transient activation of adhesion and cell survival pathways.
An arbitration on cache replacements based on frequency — Recency product values (2016)

Evolving an efficient cache replacement policy has been a challenge since the last few decades. LRU (Least Recently Used) and LFU (Least Frequently Used) cache replacement techniques and a variety of their combinations were the most sought after. This paper proposes a new combination of the LRU and LFU in such a style that the time and complexity to replace moves below the current benchmarks. Here, a frequency-recency product value is computed which dictates the cache replacement arbitration. It out performs the existing methods by a significant reduction in computational overhead.
Cavitation dynamics on the nanoscale (2005)

The ultrafast excitation of gold nanoparticle sols causes a strong nonequilibrium heating of the particle lattice and subsequently of the water shell close to the particle surface. Above a threshold in laser fluence, which is defined by the onset of homogeneous nucleation, nanoscale vapor bubbles develop around the particles, expand and collapse again within the first nanosecond after excitation. We show the existence of cavitation on the nanometer and subnanosecond time scale, described within the framework of continuum thermodynamics.
Interaction of the neu/p185 and EGF receptor tyrosine kinases: Implications for cellular transformation and tumor therapy (1993)

Growth factor receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the p185c-neu protein serve vital roles in the transduction of differentiation, developmental, or mitogenic signaling within normal cells. Two methods of analysis suggest that the inappropriately high expression of either protein tyrosine kinase promotes malignant transformation. First, data from in vitro experiments indicate that overexpression of either EGFR or p185c-neu (or the human homolog c-erbB-2) transforms cell-lines. Second, analysis of primary tumors and tumor cell-lines derived from many epithelial tissues (breast, stomach, ovary, and pancreas) show growth factor receptor gene amplification and elevated protein levels. The physical and functional interaction of p185c-neu and EGFR leads to the formation of a highly active, heterodimeric tyrosine kinase complex which synergistically activates cellular transformation. Anti-receptor antibodies have shown potential utility for the down modulation of these cell-surface proteins and suppression of the malignant phenotype. Design of organic antibody "mimetics" based on the structure of antireceptor antibodies may provide useful therapies and biological reagents to affect growth factor receptor function.
Enzyme Immunoassay for Aldicarb (1988)

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for aldicarb has been developed. The assay is simple to perform, requires minimal sample preparation and time of analysis is less than 2.5 hr. The assay has been applied to a variety of sample types including citrus juice products, body fluids and water. The analyses demonstrated a linear response from 15.6 to 2000 ng of aldicarb with coefficients of determination typically exceeding 0.98. The least detectable dose was 0.3 parts per million (ppm). The enzyme immunoassay was characterized by high precision of measurement as coefficients of variation were less than 5%. The assay is highly specific to aldicarb and has no cross-reactivity with the sulfoxide or sulfone.
Development and applications of the distributed temperature and strain sensors based on Brillouin scattering (2006)

An automated distributed sensor system based on Brillouin scattering has been developed for temperature and strain measurement. This system can provide centimetre spatial resolution for simultaneous temperature and strain sensing with strain accuracy of 10-30 /spl mu//spl epsiv/ and temperature accuracy of 1-2/spl deg/C using polarization maintained fibres (PMF) and photonic crystal fibres (PCF). We used this sensor to detect a 1.5 cm crack in an optical ground wire.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute leukaemia in remission (1986)

Between 1980 and 1985, 175 patients with acute leukaemia in first or subsequent complete remission (CR) were treated by chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by transfusion of autologous bone marrow cells that had been collected days or months previously. In 85 cases, autologous marrow cells were treated ex vivo with cytotoxic drugs or monoclonal antibodies with the intention of removing residual leukaemic cells. The actuarial relapse-free rate was 52% at 2 years. Of 89 patients autografted for acute non-lymphocytic (myeloid) leukaemia (ANLL), 60 were treated in first remission and 18 in second CR; their relapse-free rates at 2 years were 67% and 41% respectively (P less than 0.001). In contrast, of 77 patients autografted for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 32 were treated in first CR and 28 in second CR and their actuarial relapse free rates at 2 years were 56% and 55% respectively (P = NS). There was no significant difference in leukaemia relapse rates between patients autografted with purged and those autografted with non-purged marrow cells. These preliminary results suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation may be valuable if offered to patients with ANLL in first CR or to patients with ALL in first or second CR but the need for marrow purging remains uncertain.
Interleukin 10 (<i>IL‐10</i>) gene variants and susceptibility for paediatric onset Crohn’s disease (2009)

Our gene-wide analysis replicates recent findings of associations between IL-10 and adult CD, and suggests that these associations extend to paediatric-onset CD as well.
SIGGRAPH 2002 Course Notes "Sounds Good to Me!" Computational Sound for Graphics, Virtual Reality, and Interactive Systems (2002)

This course covers concepts, models, techniques, and systems for simulation and rendering of sound in virtual environments. It will focus on real-time methods for spatializing sounds in interactive systems. Discussion will include both technical aspects of algorithms and practical aspects of applications. So, the course is appropriate both for researchers interested in learning about sound simulation and developers interested in including spatialized sounds in their virtual environments.
A ranking-based lung nodule image classification method using unlabeled image knowledge (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised classification method for four types of lung nodules, i.e., well-circumscribed, vascularized, juxta-pleural and pleural-tail, in low dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans. The proposed method focuses on classifier design by incorporating the knowledge extracted from both training and testing datasets, and contains two stages: (1) bipartite graph construction, which presents the direct similar relationship between labeled and unlabeled images, (2) ranking score calculation, which computes the possibility of unlabeled images for each of the given four types. Our proposed method is evaluated on a publicly available dataset and clearly demonstrates its promising classification performance.