gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENT FOR SOLID CYLINDRICAL SAMPLES (2004)

In this paper we describe a coaxial-circular cell for wide band dielectric measurements on solid cylindrical samples. Combined with existing data-processing algorithms, the technique can be applied to a variety of materials including oilfield rocks. The simple cylindrical sample geometry is a distinctive feature of this method and is a significant advantage of the technique. Commonly used coaxial cells require cylindrical samples modified with a central hole to accommodate the inner electrode of the coaxial line. Although this configuration presents no problem for liquid samples, for solid samples, precise machining is required to insure good measurements. For rock materials, which must be ground into shape using circular diamond cutters, creating good coaxial samples for coaxial cells is an art; it can be difficult, or impossible, in case of weakly consolidated rocks. In addition, in a coaxial sample it is difficult to achieve homogeneous partial saturation. In contrast partial saturation of solid cylindrical samples can be achieved relatively easy. Hence the capability to measure simple cylindrical samples that this new cell provides not only simplifies the sample preparation but also allows for the partial saturation experiments. We discuss the experimental set up, forward model and the inversion methodology, which are required for this geometry. We also assess the uncertainty associated with the measurement. The forward model was validated by the numerical modeling of the cell response. We obtained a good fit between measured and expected results for several materials with known permittivity and conductivity including brines and glycerol. Permittivity and conductivity of brines were calculated from the measurements of DC conductivity and temperature using the Klein-Swift model [3]. Glycerol permittivity was taken from Buckley and Maryott [4]. Measurements of carbonate rocks at partial saturations are presented.
Recensione a: T. TROCCHI - R. RAIMONDI (a cura di), Villa, vicus, via. Archeologia e storia a San Pietro in Casale (catalogo della mostra: San Pietro in Casale, 1. ottobre 2016 - 31 gennaio 2017), Firenze, All'insegna del giglio, 2016, 112 pp. ill. (2016)

Recensione al catalogo della mostra dedicata agli aspetti topografici e archeologici della Bassa Bolognese.
Hollow core anti-resonant fiber with split cladding (2016)

An improved design for hollow core anti-resonant fibers (HAFs) is presented. A split cladding structure is introduced to reduce the fabrication distortion within design tolerance. We use numerical simulations to compare the Kagome fibers (KFs) and the proposed split cladding fibers (SCFs) over two normalized transmission bands. It reveals that SCFs are able to maintain the desired round shape of silica cladding walls, hence improving the confinement loss (CL) compared to the KF and is comparable to that of the nested antiresonant nodeless fiber (NANF) with the same core size. In addition, the SCF allows stacking multiple layers of cladding rings to control the CL. The influences of the number of cladding layers and the cladding gap width on the CL of the SCFs have been studied. SCF with three cladding rings is fabricated by the stack-and-draw technique. A measured attenuation spectrum matches well with the calculation prediction. The measured near field mode patterns also prove the feasibility of our fiber design.
Expression of G1→S Transition Regulatory Molecules in Human Urothelial Cancer (1998)

Growth of cancer cells is characterized by accelerated passage through the cell cycle, which is often caused by deregulation of the G1-->S transition. In this study the expression of G1-->S transition regulatory molecules was analyzed in 32 transitional cell carcinoma specimens and fifteen normal tissues obtained by cystectomy or nephroureterectomy of mainly locally advanced tumors, as well as six bladder cancer cell lines. Expression of mRNAs for cyclins D1 and D2 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2 and 4 was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of cyclin D1 compared to normal mucosa was observed in 3 tumors (9.4%), but in neither of the cell lines. All tumors with overexpression were moderately differentiated (G2) pT1 or pT2 tumors, and thus among the less advanced specimens. Cyclin D2 was not expressed in normal bladder mucosa or in tumors. The expression of CDK4 mRNA varied within the same range in mucosa, tumors, and cell lines. CDK2 mRNA expression varied more strongly and was diminished in individual tumors and in four cell lines. It is concluded that cyclin D1 overexpression can play an important role in the early stage of urothelial tumorigenesis, driving cell proliferation. Ectopic expression of cyclin D2 or amplification of CDK4 does not occur at a significant frequency in urothelial carcinomas. Different expression patterns of cyclin D1 and CDK2 indicate heterogeneity in the mechanisms of G1-->S transition deregulation in individual bladder tumors which may elicit differences in their biological and clinical behavior.
The cell wall galactomannan antigen from Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis contains β-1,6-linked linear galactofuranosyl residues and its detection has diagnostic potential (2009)

Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are associated with several skin diseases, such as pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia folliculitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis, and are also increasingly associated with catheter-related fungaemia. The cell wall components of pathogenic micro-organisms behave as an antigen and/or ligand of the innate immune response. Live cells of Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis did not react with an anti-alpha-1,2-mannoside antibody. However, they showed a strong hydrophobicity and reactivity with an anti-beta-1,3-glucan antibody compared to those of C. albicans. The cell wall polysaccharides of M. furfur and M. pachydermatis were isolated and their structures analysed by (1)H and (13)C NMR experiments. Both polysaccharides were shown to be beta-1,6-linked linear galactofuranosyl polymers with a small amount of mannan. The presence of galactomannan on cells of Malassezia species has not been described previously. The galactomannan did not react with an anti-Aspergillus fumigatus monoclonal antibody which has specificity for beta-1,5-linked galactofuranosyl residues. An anti-M. furfur antibody strongly reacted with the galactomannans of M. furfur and M. pachydermatis, but did not react with the galactomannans of Trichophyton rubrum, A. fumigatus or Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The characteristics of the anti-M. furfur antibody suggest that there is potential for diagnosis of Malassezia infections by antigen detection.
Viscosity of Nanofluids. Why It Is Not Described by the Classical Theories (2013)

Transport properties of nanofluids are extensively studied last decade. This has been motivated by the use of nanosized systems in various applications. The viscosity of nanofluids is of great significance as the application of nanofluids is always associated with their flow. However, despite the fairly large amount of available experimental information, there is a lack of systematic data on this issue and experimental results are often contradictory. The purpose of this review is to identify the typical parameters determining the viscosity of nanofluids. The dependence of the nanofluid viscosity on the particles concentration, their size and temperature is analyzed. It is explained why the viscosity of nanofluid does not described by the classical theories. It was shown that size of nanoparticles is the key characteristics of nanofluids. In addition the nanofluid is more structural liquid than the base one.
Efficient and fault-tolerant checkpointing procedures for distributed systems (2002)

Problems related to distributed systems fault-tolerance are tackled by providing efficient and fault-tolerant algorithm procedures for checkpointing and rollback recovery for such systems. The authors propose checkpointing algorithms which can be initiated by any process in the system or upon failure of one or more component processes as part of a backward recovery procedure. The algorithm return the most recent and consistent checkpoints, require less stable storage and do not interfere with the progress of the distributed system application. Obtaining a consistent checkpoint is always guaranteed. Examples illustrating these algorithms are also provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nepal's national tuberculosis control program (2004)

In this context, the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) was implemented in the late 1980s with the establishment of a national tuberculosis center (NTC) as the national focal point for the disease control. Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) has now been scaled up to all 75 districts, covering 94 percent of the population in 335 treatment centers and 1,407 subcenters. The NTP has quickly achieved internationally set indicators, with a cure rate consistently above 85 percent and a case detection rate of 70 percent. The goal of the NTP is to reduce the mortality, morbidity, and transmission of TB until it is no longer a public health problem. Specific objectives include having all TB patients treated under the DOTS strategy by 2006. The strategies of the NTP include establishing treatment centers and subcenters at the community level; establishing diagnostic microscopy facilities; collaborating with HIV/AIDS programs for TB/HIV co-infection; and focusing on TB control activities in rural and urban poor communities.
Spherical beam volume holograms for spectroscopic applications: modeling and implementation (2004)

The spherical beam volume hologram, recorded by a plane wave and a spherical beam, is investigated for spectroscopic applications in detail. It is shown that both the diffracted and the transmitted beam can be used for spectroscopy when the hologram is read with a collimated beam. A new method is introduced and used for analysis of the spherical beam volume hologram that can be extended for analysis of arbitrary holograms. Experimental results are consistent with the theoretical study. It is shown that the spherical beam volume hologram can be used in a compact spectroscopic configuration when the transmitted beam is monitored. Also, on the basis of the properties of the spherical beam hologram, the response of a hologram recorded by a plane wave and an arbitrary pattern is predicted. The information can be used to optimize holographic spectrometer design.
A Comparison of Bluff-Body and Swirl-Stabilized Flames (1990)

Abstract Bluff-body and swirl-stabilized flames are similar in that they represent, in simplest terms, the fundamental interaction between a fuel jet and a surrounding toroidal vortex. The vortex in this case is the recirculation vortex which affects the properties of the flames. It is found, not surprisingly, that the two most important fundamental parameters that govern both types of flames are (1) the vortex circulation (Γ), and (2) the fuel jet momentum. Comparisons are made of the properties of the two types of flames using the proper nondimensional parameters, including the fuel-to-air momentum flux ratio and the properly nondimensionalized vortex strength. Such comparisons can help to illustrate the tradeoffs between the degree of swirl and the choice of bluff-body size in devices such as industrial burners, gas turbines, and ramjets. The data also show how one can control flame properties by controlling the vortex strength Γ and fuel momentum and thus gain a degree of control that is not provided by simple jet flames. For flames that extend beyond the recirculation zone, the flame lengths of both types of flames are found to scale with the square root of fuel-to-air momentum flux ratio and with the inverse of vortex circulation. Thus, the length of these flames can be easily controlled and are found to scale in a different manner than the length of a simple jet flame. The location of the forward stagnation point of the recirculation zone, which is important in determining flame stability and the heat transfer to the fuel nozzle, also scales with the square root of fuel-to-air momentum flux ratio for both flames. For the same vortex strength and jet momentum, both flames display remarkably similar flow structure, including the presence of counter-rotating vortices. One vortex is driven by the air flow while the other is driven by the fuel flow. For both flames increasing the vortex strength significantly increases the fuel-air mixing rate (i.e., shortens flame length), which is desired in certain applications.
Seamless switching of H.265/HEVC-coded dash representations with open GOP prediction structure (2015)

The Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) enables bitrate adaptation through different representations of the same content. It is common to encode random access point (RAP) pictures at segment boundaries to support representation switching. As an open group of pictures (GOP) results into a temporary discontinuity of the video playback due to the inability to decode some pictures when switching representations, closed GOP prediction structures are normally used in DASH. This paper proposes two similar methods for using the open GOP prediction structure in DASH representations while a full picture rate is maintained also during representation switching. The first method is enabled with straightforward changes in the decoding of the High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265/HEVC) standard, whereas the second method utilizes the adaptive resolution change feature of the scalable (SHVC) extension of H.265/HEVC. Experiments show that the proposed methods outperform the use of closed GOPs by 5.6% on average in terms of Bjontegaard delta bitrate (BD-rate).
The hepatitis B virus X protein induced fibrosis in Huh7 cells (2016)

B형 간염 바이러스는 간경변증과 간세포암의 원인이 되는 간섬유화를 유발한다. 하지만 현재까지 그와 관련한 자세한 메커니즘은 밝혀지지 않았기에 본 연구에서 이를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험 결과, B형 간염 바이러스에서 발현되는 HBx 단백질에 의해 vimentin, fibronectin, slug, snail, NOX4가 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. NOX4에 의한 활성산소가 snail, slug 발현을 유도하고 섬유화 과정을 촉진할 수 있기 때문에 NOX4의 발현을 유도하는 HBx가 간섬유화를 조절, 유도하는 것을 확인하였다. Hepatitis B virus infection can cause hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However the mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that Hepatitis B virus X-protein (HBx) increases vimentin, fibronectin, slug, snail and NOX4 expression. Because NOX4-mediated reactive oxygen species can increase slug and snail, which can induce fibrosis, HBx may be a key regulator of hepatic fibrosis development via NOX4 induction.
Barriers and perceived limitations to early treatment of hemophilia (2013)

Early treatment of bleeds in hemophilia patients, both with and without inhibitors, has been shown to be of immense benefit in the overall clinical outcome. Despite the advantages of treating the bleeding episodes early, significant barriers and limitations remain. The aim of this review is to highlight the various barriers and perceived limitations to early therapy of bleeding episodes, especially in patients who have developed inhibitors to factor VIII. The peer-reviewed literature was searched for articles on hemophilia patients, with and without inhibitors, and early treatment, to identify the barriers to early treatment and potential impact on patient outcomes. The most important barrier is the educational barrier, which involves lack of awareness among patients regarding the signs of a bleed, as well as importance of early therapy. It is also common for parents or caregivers of school-age children to exhibit inconvenience and scheduling barriers. Distance to the treatment center can also play a role here. Some patients experience financial barriers related to cost of clotting factor products, insurance coverage, or insurance caps and out-of-pocket costs. Rarely, there can also be problems related to venous access or home infusion. Lastly, multiple psychosocial barriers can prevent adherence to treatment regimens. Identification and addressing these individual barriers will result in improved compliance rates, prevent joint damage, be more cost-effective, and lead to better overall health of these patients.
Simplified body-surface electrocardiographic maps with depolarization magnitude and direction (1994)

A new technique is presented for extracting the magnitude and direction of ventricular depolarization at the body surface from surface electrocardiographic (ECG) map data. Bipolar electrocardiograms were obtained from 36 sites on the chest surface in five normal subjects. The direction and magnitude of depolarization as seen from the chest surface were calculated for 18 body-surface areas centred between electrode positions V1 and V6. Each area was bounded by three electrodes with an electrode spacing of 5 cm. A major depolarization component could be calculated for all triangular areas, with 48% of areas having a smaller second component. The area with the greatest magnitude in each subject had a depolarization vector pointing downwards and to the left, with an average angle to the horizontal of 55 degrees. This was consistent with an average angle of 51 degrees obtained from the subjects' 12-lead electrocardiograms. There was more variability in vector angle between adjacent areas on the right-hand side. At the V5/V6 areas, close to the cardiac apex, the vector component had an upwards orientation in all subjects, opposing the overall downward component of ventricular depolarization. The technique was able to determine local depolarization directions which were in agreement with the normal cardiac vector derived from standard electrocardiography. Reversal of the vector direction close to the cardiac apex and the collision of depolarization components from different directions could be detected. This simple form of body-surface mapping can reduce the essential features of depolarization to a single map, and provide information not directly available from a 12-lead electrocardiogram.
Antiinflammatory cAMP signaling and cell migration genes co-opted by the anthrax bacillus (2008)

Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, avoids immune surveillance and commandeers host macrophages as a vehicle for lymphatic spreading. Here, we show that B. anthracis edema toxin (ET), via its adenylyl cyclase activity, dramatically increases the motility of infected macrophages and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. The transcription factor CREB and the syndecan-1 gene, a CREB target, play crucial roles in ET-induced macrophage migration. These molecular and cellular responses occur in macrophages engaged in antiinflammatory G protein-coupled receptor activation, thus illustrating a common signaling circuitry controlling resolution of inflammation and host cell hijacking by B. anthracis.
Mirtazapine in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders (2003)

Mirtazapine is a new antidepressant whose effects on presynaptic adrenergic receptors leads to increased serotonergic transmission, and thus its antidepressant and antianxiety effects. It is equal in practical effectiveness to any currently marked antidepressant but may exert its effects earlier than some others. It is safe, well-tolerated and a useful addition to the drugs currently available for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.
Face Image Inpainting Algorithm Based on Generative Adversarial Network (2019)

Traditional image inpainting algorithms extract effective information from single source images, but the lack of high-level context information often leads to poor restoration results. In this paper, we propose face image inpainting algorithm based on generative adversarial network, which repairs the missing area by high-level context information from multi-source correlated images. The context loss and the perception loss are introduced to find the closest potential distribution space of the image to be repaired. The pixel consistency and content similarity can be guaranteed through the game between the generator and discriminator. Finally, the best mapping vector is used to generate the repaired content and complete the image repair task. Experiments show that this method can successfully predict up to 80% of the semantic missing of facial images on LFW face data set, generate complete and realistic images, and improve the image inpainting effect.
Multi-arm RNA junctions encoding molecular logic unconstrained by input sequence for versatile cell-free diagnostics (2022)

Applications of RNA-based molecular logic have been hampered by sequence constraints imposed on the input and output of the circuits. Here we show that the sequence constraints can be substantially reduced by appropriately encoded multi-arm junctions of single-stranded RNA structures. To conditionally activate RNA translation, we integrated multi-arm junctions, self-assembled upstream of a regulated gene and designed to unfold sequentially in response to different RNA inputs, with motifs of loop-initiated RNA activators that function independently of the sequence of the input RNAs and that reduce interference with the output gene. We used the integrated RNA system and sequence-independent input RNAs to execute two-input and three-input OR and AND logic in Escherichia coli, and designed paper-based cell-free colourimetric assays that accurately identified two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtypes (by executing OR logic) in amplified synthetic HIV RNA as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (via two-input AND logic) in amplified RNA from saliva samples. The sequence-independent molecular logic enabled by the integration of multi-arm junction RNAs with motifs for loop-initiated RNA activators may be broadly applicable in biotechnology.
Rheological characteristics of different carbon nanoparticles in cholesteric mesogen dispersions as lubricant coolant additives (2015)

The effect of two types of carbon nanoparticles, i.e., shungite carbon (SC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), on the mesomorphic and rheological properties of cholesteric mesogen in the concentration range of 0.005–0.04 wt % has been reported. The main physical parameters for tribological applications, such as phase transition temperature, viscosity, elastic modulus G', loss modulus G'', and complex viscosity η*, have been studied. The preference of using SC as a lubricating coolant additive component has been shown in the comparison with MWCNTs.
Approach on Noise Control and Signal-wires Connection of Broadcasting Equipment (2007)

The noise affects the technical index of the broadcasting system,so the grounded connection in the broadcasting system is paid attention.How to connect the broadcasting equipment correctly is very important,because it can improve the anti-interference of the broadcasting equipment′s signal and can reduce the electromagnetic interference of the signals.