gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Reactivity of Cationic Triruthenium Clusters Derived from 2‐Methyl‐ and 4‐Methylpyrimidines: From Conventional Cyclometalated Ligands to Novel Types of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (2013)

The methylation of the uncoordinated nitrogen atom of the cyclometalated triruthenium cluster complexes [Ru(3)(μ-H)(μ-κ(2)N(1),C(6)-2-Mepyr)(CO)(10)] (1; 2-MepyrH = 2-methylpyrimidine) and [Ru(3)(μ-H)(μ-κ(2)N(1),C(6)-4-Mepyr)(CO)(10)] (9; 4-MepyrH = 4-methylpyrimidine) gives two similar cationic complexes, [Ru(3)(μ-H)(μ-κ(2)N(1),C(6)-2,3-Me(2)pyr)(CO)(10)](+) (2(+)) and [Ru(3)(μ-H)(μ-κ(2)N(1),C(6)-3,4-Me(2) pyr)(CO)(10)](+) (9(+)), respectively, whose heterocyclic ligands belong to a novel type of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) that have the C(carbene) atom in 6-position of a pyrimidine framework. The position of the C-methyl group in the ligands of complexes 2(+) (on C(2)) and 9(+) (on C(4)) is of key importance for the outcome of their reactions with K[N(SiMe(3))(2)], K-selectride, and cobaltocene. Although these reagents react with 2(+) to give [Ru(3)(μ-H)(μ-κ(2)N(1),C(6)-2-CH(2)-3-Mepyr)(CO)(10)] (3; deprotonation of the C(2)-Me group), [Ru(3)(μ-H)(μ(3)-κ(3)N(1),C(5),C(6)-4-H-2,3-Me(2)pyr)(CO)(9)] (4; hydride addition at C(4)), and [Ru(6)(μ-H)(2){μ(6)-κ(6) N(1),N(1'),C(5),C(5'),C(6),C(6')-4,4'-bis(2,3-Me(2)pyr)}(CO)(18)] (5; reductive dimerization at C(4)), respectively, similar reactions with 9(+) have only allowed the isolation of [Ru(3)(μ-H)(μ(3)-κ(2)N(1),C(6)-2-H-3,4-Me(2)pyr)(CO)(9)] (11; hydride addition at C(2)). Compounds 3 and 11 also contain novel six-membered ring NHC ligands. Theoretical studies have established that the deprotonation of 2(+) and 9(+) (that have ligand-based LUMOs) are charge-controlled processes and that both the composition of the LUMOs of these cationic complexes and the steric protection of their ligand ring atoms govern the regioselectivity of their nucleophilic addition and reduction reactions.
Mouse Models for Studying Orthopoxvirus Respiratory Infections (2004)

Concern regarding the use of variola and monkeypox viruses as bioterrorist agents has led to an increased study of orthopoxviruses to understand the molecular and cellular basis of pathogenesis and develop safe and effective antivirals and vaccines against smallpox. Crucial to these efforts is the availability of animal models, which are inexpensive, genetically homogeneous, and recapitulate the human disease. The popular small-animal orthopoxvirus models employ the inbred mouse as the host, the respiratory tract as the site of virus inoculation, and orthopoxviruses-vaccinia, cowpox, and ectromelia viruses-as surrogates for variola virus. Ectromelia virus is likely the best surrogate for variola virus in a mouse model, as it is infectious at very low doses of virus, and the mousepox disease is associated with high mortality in the susceptible A, BALB/c, and DBA/2 stains of mice, but causes an unapparent infection in the C57BL/6 mouse strain. This chapter describes an ectromelia virus respiratory infection model in the mouse.
A concise total synthesis of salinosporamide A (2006)

A concise and straightforward 14-step total synthesis of (+/-)-salinosporamide A, based on a diastereoselective acid-catalysed intramolecular cyclisation of to the pyrrolidinone , and a regioselective reduction of the malonate derivative 8b to the aldehyde 9, is described.
Enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers with a thin seed layer (2010)

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is induced in Co/Ni multilayers when they are grown on a (111) textured Au seed layer, provided it is at least 2 nm thick. The anisotropy increases with increasing Au thickness due to improved crystallinity. Postannealing treatments of as-grown [Co(0.3)/Ni(0.6)]5 (thicknesses in nanometer) multilayers enhance the coercivity and PMA up to an annealing temperature of 250 °C, but higher temperatures lead to intermixing of Co and Ni which diminishes PMA. The easy axis becomes in-plane for samples annealed at 400 °C. The improvement in PMA in Co/Ni layers due to annealing is limited by the Au seed layer thickness. Annealing also reduces the saturation magnetization by ∼15% due to the formation of superparamagnetic islands. Our results show that the PMA in Co/Ni multilayers can be improved by annealing up to 350 °C, which is required for the thermal stability of spin transfer torque memories.
Single‐shot, <i>B</i><sub>1</sub>‐insensitive slice selection with a gradient‐modulated adiabatic pulse, BISS‐8 (1996)

An adiabatic pulse has been developed to accomplish uniform slice-selective excitation with a spatially inhomogeneous B1. This new pulse can generate a uniform, arbitrary flip angle that is determined by four adjustable phase shifts in the pulse. Self-refocused slice selection is achieved by modulating a B(O) gradient in concert with the pulse frequency (or phase) modulation. B1-compensated, self-refocused slice selection is demonstrated in computer simulations and phantom experiments using a surface transmitter/receiver coil. This adiabatic pulse can provide optimal performance in multislice MRI and localized spectroscopy when transmitting with an inhomogeneous B1.
Polyelectrolyte Complexes with pH-Tunable Solubility (2006)

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with pH-tunable solubility were formed from a random copolymer of diallyldimethylammonium (DADMA) and acrylic acid (AA) having a net positive charge as polycation and poly(styrenesulfonate) as polyanion. Quasi-soluble PEC nanoparticles could be produced from solutions of exceptionally high polymer concentration by manipulating pH and ionic strength. The aggregation of the PEC nanoparticles, reversible using either changes in salt concentration or pH, exhibited well-defined hysteresis. Dynamic and static light scattering as well as transmission electron microscopy showed well-defined particles produced in the quasi-soluble limit. Viscosity and titration experiments supported a core−shell model for the dispersed nanoparticles and revealed preferential ion pairing of DADMA with sulfonic acid groups over AA units.
The CU communicator: an architecture for dialogue systems (2000)

This paper presents our recent work towards development of the University of Colorado (CU) Communicator, an interactive dialogue system for airline, hotel and rental car information.The CU Communicator integrates speech recognition, synthesis and natural language understanding technologies using the DARPA Hub Architecture to allow users to converse with an automated travel agent.During a typical telephonebased interaction, users can retrieve up-to-date travel information such as flight schedules, pricing, along with hotel and rental car availability.The CU Communicator has been under development since April of 1999 and represents our test-bed system for developing robust human-computer interactions where reusability and dialogue system portability serve as two main goals of our work.This paper will focus on describing our recent system improvements and will present an analysis of dialogues received and lessons learned.
ChemInform Abstract: New 21,22‐Dioxaporphyrin‐5(23H)‐ones, Oxygen Analogues of Oxophlorins. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scalable Grid‐wide capacity allocation with the SweGrid Accounting System (SGAS) (2008)

Abstract The SweGrid Accounting System (SGAS) allocates capacity in collaborative Grid environments by coordinating enforcement of Grid‐wide usage limits as a means to offer usage guarantees and prevent overuse. SGAS employs a credit‐based allocation model where Grid capacity is granted to projects via Grid‐wide quota allowances that can be spent across the Grid resources. The resources collectively enforce these allowances in a soft, real‐time manner. SGAS is built on service‐oriented principles with a strong focus on interoperability and Web services standards. This article covers the SGAS design and implementation, which, besides addressing inherent Grid challenges (scale, security, heterogeneity, decentralization), emphasizes generality and flexibility to produce a customizable system with lightweight integration into different middleware and scheduling system combinations. We focus the discussion around the system design, a flexible allocation model, middleware integration experiences and scalability improvements via a distributed virtual banking system, and finally, an extensive set of testbed experiments. The experiments evaluate the performance of SGAS in terms of response times, request throughput, overall system scalability, and its performance impact on the Globus Toolkit 4 job submission software. We conclude that, for all practical purposes, the quota enforcement overhead incurred by SGAS on job submissions is not a limiting factor for the job‐handling capacity of the job submission software. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot‐Scale Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid‐Rich Soy Oil by Photoirradiation (2008)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is found naturally in dairy and beef products at levels of 0.2% to 2% of the total fat. A more concentrated source of dietary CLA, low in saturated fat, would be highly desirable to obtain optimum CLA levels of about 3 g/d. We recently reported photoisomerization of soy oil with iodine catalysis to be a simple way of producing CLA in laboratory without high-energy input or expensive enzymes and microorganisms. However, a long irradiation time of 144 h has been a limitation for this technique to be of practical value. The objectives of this study were to build a pilot plant unit to rapidly produce high-CLA soy oil by photoirradiation and optimize the processing parameters to obtain high-CLA soy oil. Degassed oil with dissolved-iodine catalyst was irradiated by UV lamps in an illuminated laminar flow unit (ILFU). The ILFU consists of 2 borosilicate glass plates in a silicone lined stainless steel frame. The static mode of operation yielded 5.7% of total CLA isomers and performed twice as well than the continuous mode with 2.5% of total CLA. Irradiating oil in a static mode with reflective surfaces increased the CLA yields 3-fold to 16.4%. About 22% of total CLA isomers can be rapidly produced from soy oil linoleic acid with 0.35% iodine catalyst in a 0.5-cm-thick oil layer maintained at 48 degrees C for 12 h. The peroxide value and GC-MS analysis did not identify any volatile compounds characteristic of lipid oxidation. This study is a definitive step toward the commercialization of large-scale production of CLA-rich soy oil.
[High dosage therapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation in breast carcinoma]. (2000)

42 breast cancer patients were treated by high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous peripheral stem-cell transplantation (ASTx) in the Donauspital between 1992 and 1999. 24 patients had stage II/III breast cancer with high risk for relapse. The other 18 patients underwent HDC and ASTx in chemosensitive stage IV. After previous conventional chemotherapy peripheral stem-cells were harvested by one cycle of mobilisation chemotherapy (epirubicin/taxol, FEC 120 or cyclophosphamide) followed by cytokine stimulation. 16 patients were treated by a tandem transplantation (conditioning protocol for 1st ASTx was melphalan 200 mg/m2 and for 2nd transplant it was CTC: cyclophosphamide 6 g/m2; thiotepa 500 mg/m2; carboplatin 800 mg/m2). The other 26 patients received one HDC with CTC as conditioning protocol. The HDC was well tolerated by all patients, there was no transplant-related mortality. The median survival and the progression-free survival (PFS) after HDC and ASTx in stage IV breast cancer patients were 28 and 11 months, respectively. The median survival and PFS were not yet reached in stage II/III patients after 55 months. The actuarial survival and PFS in that patient group were 70% after 55 months. Our data confirm the low risk and good efficacy of HDC and ASTx in breast cancer patients. Nevertheless randomised studies are necessary to evaluate the importance of HDC compared to intensified conventional protocols without ASTx.
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Colon Inflammation in Mice (2016)

Obesity induces chronic, low-grade inflammation, which increases the risk of colon cancer. We investigated the preventive effects of Bardoxolone methyl (BARD) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation in a mouse colon. Male C57BL/6J mice (n=7) were fed a HFD (HFD group), HFD plus BARD (10 mg/kg) in drinking water (HFD/BARD group), or normal laboratory chow diet (LFD group) for 21 weeks. In HFD mice, BARD reduced colon thickness and decreased colon weight per length. This was associated with an increase in colon crypt depth and the number of goblet cells per crypt. BARD reduced the expression of F4/80 and CD11c but increased CD206 and IL-10, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. BARD prevented an increase of the intracellular pro-inflammatory biomarkers (NF-қB, p NF-қB, IL-6, TNF-α) and cell proliferation markers (Cox2 and Ki67). BARD prevented fat deposition in the colon wall and prevented microbial population changes. Overall, we report the preventive effects of BARD on colon inflammation in HFD-fed mice through its regulation of macrophages, NF-қB, cytokines, Cox2 and Ki67, fat deposition and microflora.
Intermolecular addition of epoxides to activated olefins: a new reaction (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermolecular addition of epoxides to activated olefins: a new reactionT. V. RajanBabu and William A. NugentCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 12, 4525–4527Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00194a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00194a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2123Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus against A549, Hela and MCF-7 cell lines (2011)

Research is focusing on the search for new types of natural chemotherapeutic agents derived from plants which are proving to be excellent sources of new compounds. The present research article was aimed to study the cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts of Artocarpus heterophyllus plant by various in vitro cytotoxic assays like MTT and SRB against different cell lines like HEK293, A549, HeLa and MCF-7. The IC50 values of methanolic extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus were found 35.26 µgm/ml and 35.27 µgm/ml against A549 cell line by MTT and SRB assay methods respectively whereas this extract was found to be non toxic to normal cells (HEK293), proved that the methanolic extract exhibited significant anti cancer potential with no toxicity on normal cell line. The methanolic extract had no activity against Hela and MCF-7 cell line.
The role of Toll-like receptors in chronic B cell malignancies (2009)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key players in host defence from infection. They recognize a specific set of molecular patterns of microbial origin, immediately trigger an innate immune response, and bridge innate and adaptive immunity. TLR have also been shown to play a role in tumor development. In this context, chronic B-cell malignancies are an interesting example as clonal B lymphocytes remain responsive to and dependent on stimuli originating from the microenvironment which then become crucial for maintaining and propagating the disease. Emerging evidences suggest that, among other microenvironmental elements, TLR ligands may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Conceivably, their manipulation may find a place in specific settings of treatment of these tumors.
The Evolution of Cyberinsurance (2006)

Cyberinsurance is a powerful tool to align market incentives toward improving Internet security. We trace the evolution of cyberinsurance from traditional insurance policies to early cyber-risk insurance policies to current comprehensive cyberinsurance products. We find that increasing Internet security risk in combination with the need for compliance with recent corporate legislation has contributed significantly to the demand for cyberinsurance. Cyberinsurance policies have become more comprehensive as insurers better understand the risk landscape and specific business needs. More specifically, cyberinsurers are addressing what used to be considered insurmountable problems (e.g., adverse selection/asymmetric information, moral hazard, etc.) that could lead to a failure of this market solution. Although some implementation issues remain, we suggest the future development of cyberinsurance will resolve these issues as evidenced by insurance solutions in other risk domains.
Synthesis and characterization of PtRu/C catalysts from microemulsions and emulsions (2002)

Nanosized PtRu catalysts supported on carbon have been synthesized from inverse microemulsions and emulsions using H2PtCl6 (0.025 M)/RuCl3 (0.025 M)/NaOH (0.025 M) as the aqueous phase, cyclohexane as the oil phase, and NP5 (poly(oxyethylene)5 nonyl phenol ether) or NP9 (poly(oxyethylene)9 nonyl phenol) as the surfactant, in the presence of Carbon Black suspended in a mixture of cyclohexane and NP5 + NP9. The titration of 10% HCHO aqueous solution into the inverse microemulsions and emulsions resulted in PtRu/C catalysts, in which the PtRu particles were nanometers in size. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRD and XPS and the metal particles were found to inherit the Pt fcc structure with Pt and Ru mostly in the zero valence oxidation states, amidst some Pt(II), Pt(IV) and Ru(IV). The cyclic voltammograms for methanol oxidation on these PtRu/C catalysts showed higher electrocatalytic activities for the two microemulsion derived catalysts than the emulsion-derived electrocatalyst.
Effect of Increase in Orientational Order of Lipid Chains and Head Group Spacing on Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Induced Membrane Fusion (2010)

Membrane fusion is a key event in many biological processes. The fusion process, both in vivo and in vitro, is induced by different agents which include mainly proteins and peptides. For protein- and peptide-mediated membrane fusion, conformational reorganization serves as a driving force. Small drug molecules do not share this advantage; hence, drug induced membrane fusion occurring in absence of any other fusogenic agent and at physiologically relevant concentration of the drugs is a very rare event. To date, only three drugs, namely, meloxicam (Mx), piroxicam (Px), and tenoxicam (Tx), belonging to the oxicam group of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have been shown by us to induce fusion at very low drug to lipid ratio without the aid of any other fusogenic agent. In our continued effort to understand the interplay of different physical and chemical parameters of both the participating drugs and the membrane on the mechanism of this drug induced membrane fusion, we present here the effect of increase in orientational order of the lipid chains and increase in head group spacing. This is achieved by studying the effect of low concentration cholesterol (<10 mol %) at temperatures above the chain-melting transition. Low concentration cholesterol (<10 mol %), above the gel to fluid transition temperature, is mainly known to increase orientational order of the lipid chains and increase head group spacing. To isolate the effect of these parameters, small unilameller vesicles (SUVs) formed by dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) with an average diameter of 50-60 nm were used as simple model membranes. Fluorescence assays were used to probe the time dependence of lipid mixing, content mixing, and leakage and also used to determine the partitioning of the drugs in the membrane bilayer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the effect of drugs in the presence of cholesterol on the chain-melting temperature which reflects the fluidization effect of the hydrophobic tail region of the bilayer. Our results show contradictory effect of low concentration cholesterol on the fusion induced by the three drugs, which has been explained by parsing the effect of orientational order and increase in head group spacing on the fusion process.
Strong red fluorescent probes suitable for detecting hydrogen peroxide generated by mice peritoneal macrophages (2005)

This paper reports the synthesis, fluorescence properties, and biological applications of naphthofluorescein disulfonate (NFDS-1), as a red fluorescence imaging probe to detect intracellular H2O2.
Lenalidomide induces degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 (2014)

Lenalidomide and its analogs, thalidomide and pomalidomide, specifically inhibit growth of mature B-cell lymphomas, including multiple myeloma, and induce interleukin-2 (IL-2) release from T cells. We recently found that this results from activation of the CRBN-CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase to degrade the lymphoid transcription factors IKZF1 (Ikaros) and IKZF3 (Aiolos).
16-bit Delta-Sigma DAC with cascade-of-resonators feed-forward modulator and interpolation filter with OCSD code (2012)

A 16-bit 5.6-MHz clock-rate digital to analog converter (DAC) achieves 96-dB signal-to-noise rate (SNR) in the 22-KHz band. The optimal canonic signed digit (OCSD) code is proposed in a multi-stage interpolator filter to achieve less hardware consumption. A third-order cascade-of-resonators feed-forward (CRFF) with zero optimization Delta-Sigma modulator has been developed to convert an oversampled digital signal into 1-bit code. A switch-capacitor (SC) analog filter is used to reconstruct the analog signal.