gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bench-level characterization of a CMOS standard-cell D-latch using alpha-particle sensitive test circuits (1991)

A methodology is described for predicting the SEU susceptibility of a standard-cell D-latch using an alpha-particle sensitive SRAM, SPICE critical charge simulation results, and alpha-particle interaction physics. Measurements were made on a 1.6- mu m n-well CMOS 4-kb test SRAM irradiated with an Am-241 alpha-particle source. A collection depth of 6.09 mu m was determined using these results and TRIM computer code. Using this collection depth and SPICE derived critical charge results on the latch design, an LET threshold of 34 MeV cm/sup 2//mg was predicted. Heavy ion tests were then performed on the latch and an LET threshold of 41 MeV cm/sup 2//mg was determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterizing airway and alveolar nitric oxide exchange during tidal breathing using a three-compartment model (2004)

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) may be a useful marker of lung inflammation, but the concentration is highly dependent on exhalation flow rate due to a significant airway source. Current methods for partitioning pulmonary NO gas exchange into airway and alveolar regions utilize multiple exhalation flow rates or a single-breath maneuver with a preexpiratory breath hold, which is cumbersome for children and individuals with compromised lung function. Analysis of tidal breathing data has the potential to overcome these limitations, while still identifying region-specific parameters. In six healthy adults, we utilized a three-compartment model (two airway compartments and one alveolar compartment) to identify two potential flow-independent parameters that represent the average volumetric airway flux (pl/s) and the time-averaged alveolar concentration (parts/billion). Significant background noise and distortion of the signal from the sampling system were compensated for by using a Gaussian wavelet filter and a series of convolution integrals. Mean values for average volumetric airway flux and time-averaged alveolar concentration were 2,500 +/- 2,700 pl/s and 3.2 +/- 3.4 parts/billion, respectively, and were strongly correlated with analogous parameters determined from vital capacity breathing maneuvers. Analysis of multiple tidal breaths significantly reduced the standard error of the parameter estimates relative to the single-breath technique. Our initial assessment demonstrates the potential of utilizing tidal breathing for noninvasive characterization of pulmonary NO exchange dynamics.
Synthesis of Amine and Epoxide Telechelic Siloxanes (2008)

Abstract A synthetic route was developed to prepare thermosetting methyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl substituted polysiloxanes with epoxide or amino end groups. Cycloalkene (cyclopentene or cyclohexene) and dichlorosilane gas were reacted at 180 °C, and at high pressure (2 MPa) to produce dicycloaliphatic dichlorosilane. Hydrolytic condensations of the dichlorosilanes were performed affording low molecular weight cyclic siloxane oligomers. Base catalyzed ring opening polymerization of the cyclic oligomers afforded the hydride‐terminated polysiloxanes. The hydride‐terminated polysiloxanes were then functionalized with glycidyl epoxide or aliphatic amine groups via hydrosilation reactions. The oligomers and polymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 29 Si NMR, FTIR, and GPC. The molecular weight of polydimethylsiloxane, polydicyclopentylsiloxane, and polydicyclohexylsiloxane oligomers were $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 1 000, 1 200, and 1 500, respectively. The polydispersity index of all the cyclic oligomers was ≈1.15. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate the crosslinking reaction and the glass transition temperature of the thermally cured systems. Crosslinking occurred at 120 °C and the T g of the methyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl functionalized siloxanes were found to be at −104, −93, and −82 °C, respectively. magnified image
Improved high temperature creep resistant austenitic alloy (1988)

An improved austenitic alloy having in wt% 19-21 Cr, 30-35 Ni, 1.5-2.5 Mn, 2-3 Mo, 0.1-0.4 Si, 0.3-0.5 Ti, 0.1-0.3 Nb, 0.1-0.5 V, 0.001-0.005 P, 0.08-0.12 C, 0.01-0.03 N, 0.005-0.01 B and the balance iron that is further improved by annealing for up to 1 hour at 1150-1200/degree/C and then cold deforming 5-15%. The alloy exhibits dramatically improved creep rupture resistance and ductility at 700/degree/C. 2 figs.
Effects of Abomasal Infusion of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Milk Fat Concentration and Yield from Pasture-Fed Dairy Cows (2003)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on the synthesis of milk fat in pasture-fed Friesian cows. In four cows, a commercial mixture containing 62.3% (wt/vol) conjugated linoleic acid was infused intraabomasally to avoid rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation. The design was a 4 x 4 Latin square in which each cow received infusions of 0, 20, 40, and 80 g/d of conjugated linoleic acid mixture for 4 d. Cows were fed freshly cut ryegrass/white clover pasture ad libitum. Milk fat concentration was decreased by 36, 43, and 62% and milk fat yield was decreased by 32, 36, and 60% by the 20, 40, and 80 g of conjugated linoleic acid/d treatments. Dry matter intake, milk protein concentration, and protein yield were unaffected by treatments; however, milk yield was increased by 11% during the 40-g conjugated linoleic acid/d treatment. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid infusion were most pronounced in reducing de novo fatty acid synthesis and desaturation. Results show that the inhibitory effect of this conjugated linoleic acid mixture on milk fat synthesis occurs in pasture-fed cows, and demonstrate the potential to dramatically alter gross milk composition. This technology could offer a management tool to manipulate milk composition and energy demands of pasture-fed cows.
Continuous flow‐driven inversion for arterial spin labeling using pulsed radio frequency and gradient fields (2008)

Continuous labeling by flow-driven adiabatic inversion is advantageous for arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion studies, but details of the implementation, including inefficiency, magnetization transfer, and limited support for continuous-mode operation on clinical scanners, have restricted the benefits of this approach. Here a new approach to continuous labeling that employs rapidly repeated gradient and radio frequency (RF) pulses to achieve continuous labeling with high efficiency is characterized. The theoretical underpinnings, numerical simulations, and in vivo implementation of this pulsed continuous ASL (PCASL) method are described. In vivo PCASL labeling efficiency of 96% relative to continuous labeling with comparable labeling parameters far exceeded the 33% duty cycle of the PCASL RF pulses. Imaging at 3T with body coil transmission was readily achieved. This technique should help to realize the benefits of continuous labeling in clinical imagers.
Rank deficient decoding of linear network coding (2013)

Since all packets in linear network coding are subject to linear combinations, in all existing network coding schemes, a full rank of received packets is required to start decoding. This requirement unfortunately results in long delays and low throughputs. In this work we propose two classes of rank deficient decoders that work for rank deficient received packets. Within either class, different decoding strategies have been proposed for tradeoffs between delay/throughput and data accuracy. The decoders of the first class take advantage of the sparsity inherent in data and produce the data vectors with the smallest Hamming weight. Since these decoders have high complexities, we propose a class of decoders with polynomial complexities based on linear programming. Both classes of decoders can recover data from fewer received packets and hence achieve higher throughputs and shorter delays than the full rank decoder.
LESS: Lightweight Establishment of Secure Session: A Cross-Layer Approach Using CoAP and DTLS-PSK Channel Encryption (2015)

Secure yet lightweight protocol for communication over the Internet is a pertinent problem for constrained environments in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) / Machine to Machine (M2M) applications. This paper extends the initial approaches published in [1], [2] and presents a novel cross-layer lightweight implementation to establish a secure channel. It distributes the responsibility of communication over secure channel in between the application and transport layers. Secure session establishment is performed using a payload embedded challenge response scheme over the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [3]. Record encryption mechanism of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) [4] with Pre-Shared Key (PSK) [5] is used for encrypted exchange of application layer data. The secure session credentials derived from the application layer is used for encrypted exchange over the transport layer. The solution is designed in such a way that it can easily be integrated with an existing system deploying CoAP over DTLS-PSK. The proposed method is robust under different security attacks like replay attack, DoS and chosen cipher text. The improved performance of the proposed solution is established with comparative results and analysis.
Large core Yb-doped optical fiber through vapor phase doping technique (2013)

Rare earth (RE) doped optical fibers have shown tremendous progress for producing high power fiber lasers for industrial, medical and strategic applications. However, fabrication of large core, high Yb-doped fiber is still a challenge through conventional process due to poor repeatability and limitation regarding core size. This paper presents successful fabrication of Yb-doped fibers through vapor phase doping technique. Preform fabrication was carried out using a specially constructed MCVD system containing High Temperature Vapor Delivery Unit with sublimators for Al and Yb precursors. The novelty of the present work lies in deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in vapor phase simultaneously with silica during formation of sintered core layer which result in uniform dopants distribution in the preform. The fibers exhibited lasing efficiency of 76% with low ‘photodarkening effect’.
Abstract 2996: IT-139 targets GRP78 in stressed cancer cells (2016)

Abstract IT-139, sodium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] is a first in class small molecule that has successfully completed a phase I clinical trial against solid refractory cancers. 11 of 41 patients achieved stable disease with manageable side effects and 8 patients showed tumor size reduction including a durable partial response. Preclinical studies suggest IT-139 down-regulates the chaperone GRP78, but the mechanism of action is not fully understood. GRP78 (also known as BiP and HSPA5) is the primary sensor and regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In cancer cells it is preferably expressed on the cell surface, but also translocates to the mitochondria and cytosol where it regulates critical oncogenic signaling pathways, thus making GRP78 an excellent target for therapy. Here we show in vitro results of IT-139 treatment in a panel of cancer cell lines. IC50 levels measured at 72 hour varied ranging from 15 μM to 180 μM. Annexin V/PI staining by flow cytometry in HCT-116, HT-29, A375 and A549 cell lines at 24 hour show early and late apoptosis, which corresponds to their relative IC50s. UPR induction and overexpression of GRP78 has been reported to cause cell cycle arrest in G1. But in IT-139 treated cell lines HCT116, HT-29, A549 and LnCAP, cell cycle arrest occurred in G2, whereas in A375 cells IT-139 induced cell cycle arrest at G1. These data suggest an inhibition of GRP78 levels and that cell cycle arrest status is also dependent upon the cell line. Electron microscopic (EM) images of HCT-116 and HT-29 cells treated with IT-139 at 24 hours showed significant vacuolization, ER expansion and disorganization of intracellular organelles, strongly suggesting ER stress. However, there is an absence of double membrane vacuoles or autophagosome formation in response to the ER stress. Also, immunofluorescent analysis displayed no LC3-II punctate distribution, although protein immunoblots showed LC3 and p62 protein levels increasing in IT-139 treated cells. These data suggest an inhibition of autophagy. Additionally, EM images showed vacuolated mitochondria and distortion of cristae. In all cell lines treated with IT-139 even below their corresponding IC50 concentration, JC-1 staining showed an increased loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. These observations hypothetically indicate an inhibition of stress-induced GRP78. Quantitative real-time PCR showed IT-139 treatment in combination with thapsigargin exhibits a significant fold change decrease in the GRP78 mRNA expression. These results suggest that IT-139 downregulates GRP78 leading to an increase in ER stress, mitochondrial damage, decreased autophagy, increased apoptosis and cell death. Citation Format: Jyothi Sethuraman, Tara Lee Costich, Tomas Vojkovsky, Rick Crouse, Valentin Cognet, Suzanne Bakewell. IT-139 targets GRP78 in stressed cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2996.
Optical control of photon tunneling through an array of nanometer scale cylindrical channels (2002)

We report first observation of photon tunneling gated by light at a different wavelength in an artificially created array of nanometer scale cylindrical channels in a thick gold film. Polarization properties of gated light provide strong proof of the enhanced nonlinear optical mixing in nanometric channels involved in the process. This suggests the possibility of building a new class of "gated" photon tunneling devices for massive parallel all-optical signal and image processing.
Next‐Generation Activated Carbon Supercapacitors: A Simple Step in Electrode Processing Leads to Remarkable Gains in Energy Density (2017)

The global supercapacitor market has been growing rapidly during the past decade. Today, virtually all commercial devices use activated carbon. In this work, it is shown that laser treatment of activated carbon electrodes results in the formation of microchannels that can connect the internal pores of activated carbon with the surrounding electrolyte. These microchannels serve as electrolyte reservoirs that in turn shorten the ion diffusion distance and enable better interaction between the electrode surfaces and electrolyte ions. The capacitance can be further increased through fast and reversible redox reactions on the electrode surface using a redox‐active electrolyte, enabling the operation of a symmetric device at 2.0 V, much higher than the thermodynamic decompostion voltage of water. This simple approach can alleviate the low energy density of supercapacitors which has limited the widespread use of this technology. This work represents a clear advancement in the processing of activated carbon electrodes toward the next‐generation of low‐cost supercapacitors.
Histo-Projections TOF Data Non-Rigid Motion Estimation and Correction (2021)

<p>With advancements in PET technology, scanners with a very good time-of-flight (TOF) resolution became available. In addition, scanners with long axial extent are now commercialized. Although raw data sizes increase significantly with such scanners, good TOF resolution allows substantial data compression without any loss of spatial resolution: for example, the histo-projections with relatively coarse sampling in the TOF direction in the Siemens Biograph Vision and Vision Quadra PET/CT scanners. The patient motion during the scan is unavoidable. The pattern caused by breathing may result in a relatively large displacement of organs and the consequent blurring of clinically relevant features in regions affected by the motion. As was shown in our previous work, non-rigid motion correction can be performed in the quasi-image space of histo-projections. The TOF locality property can be used to locally perform motion correction; that is, the approximation of motion as locally rigid on a scale of TOF resolution. In this work, we investigate motion estimation in the TOF data space from histo-images by histogramming the data into a 3D array consistent (in geometry and size) with the reconstruction image. The histo-image estimated motion is then used in histo-projections motion correction. Initial results using an XCAT digital phantom showed that the presented methodology accommodates for changes in non-rigid body movements for a typical pattern of patient motion. The patient scan on newly developed Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT scanner was used in validation of presented motion correction.</p>
Evaluation of Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Sodium 2,2 Dimethylbutyrate, a Novel Short Chain Fatty Acid Derivative, in a Phase 1, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Dose, and Repeat-Dose Studies in Healthy Volunteers (2011)

Pharmacologic induction of fetal globin synthesis is an accepted therapeutic strategy for treatment of the beta hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias, as even small increases in hemoglobin F (HbF) levels reduce clinical severity in sickle cell disease (SCD) and reduce anemia in beta thalassemia. Prior generation short chain fatty acid therapeutics, arginine butyrate (AB), and phenylbutyrate, increased fetal and total hemoglobin levels in patients, but were limited by high doses or intravenous (IV) infusion. A fetal globin-inducing therapeutic with convenient oral dosing would be an advance for these classic molecular diseases. Healthy adult human subjects were treated with a novel short chain fatty acids (SCFA) derivative, sodium 2,2 dimethylbutyrate (SDMB), or placebo, with 1 of 4 single dose levels (2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) or daily doses (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg) over 14 days, and monitored for adverse clinical and laboratory events, drug levels, reticulocytes, and HbF assays. SDMB was well-tolerated with no clinically significant adverse events related to study medication. The terminal half-life ranged from 9 to 15 hours. Increases in mean absolute reticulocytes were observed at all dose levels in the 14-day study. The favorable pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and safety findings indicate that SDMB warrants further investigation for treatment of anemic subjects with beta hemoglobinopathies.
Adipose-derived stem cells for the regeneration of damaged tissues (2006)

As the promise of stem cell-based therapies begins to be realised, and efforts to bring advances to the clinic mount, the source of these cells is increasingly important. The morbidity associated with harvesting stem cells from solid organs and the invasive nature of bone marrow biopsies may limit their practicality for wider clinical applications. An emerging body of literature suggests that adipose tissue may provide an abundant, readily accessible source of cells with similar potential to that described of other adult stem cells. This review will address advances in the use of adipose stem cells in fields as divergent as soft tissue reconstruction and cerebral infarction recovery. Numerous challenges will also be discussed; however, rapidly accumulating advances suggest that adipose stem cells may be as effective as they are abundant.
Two-dimensional real-time quality assurance dosimetry system using μ-Al2O3:C,Mg radioluminescence films (2020)

The prototype demonstrated promising results. It obviated the need for corrections regarding the relative position of the camera, confirming accurate dose-rate delivery and detection of radiation fields.
Development of high‐performance flexible optical solar reflectors (1986)

Abstract As communication satellites become larger, the flexible optical solar reflector (OSR) controls the temperature of satellites by reducing its weight and thus the assembly work becomes easier. FEP teflon film with vacuum‐deposited silver is a representative flexible OSR, but this deteriorates by radiations in space. This paper investigates the applications of poly(etherimide) (PEI) and poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), which have excellent radiation‐resistance to the thermal radiation layer of an OSR. Various types of OSRs with PEI and PEEK were fabricated, and their thermal control properties electron‐radiation resistance and UV radiation resistance were investigated. Excellent properties of PEI with vacuum‐deposited silver (PEI/Ag) were confirmed. A new high‐performance flexible OSR, which is superior to FEP teflon with silver, was developed. The results are summarized as: the initial thermal control properties are represented by the solar absorptance (α s ) × 0.15 to 0.17, and the thermal emittance (ϵ) × 0.77 to 0.85; (2) the increase of α s , after an electron irradiation equivalent to 10 years in a geostationary orbit, is 0.01; (3) PEI/Ag can be electric‐conductive without degrading the original characteristics, by coating its surface with indium‐tin‐oxide; and (4) the increase of α s , after an UV irradiation equivalent to 2 years in a geostationary orbit, is 0.03. However, the increase of α s can be prevented by coating the surface with CeO 2 .
Prostate segmentation from 2D ultrasound images (2002)

Outlining, or segmenting, the prostate is a very important task in the assignment of appropriate therapy and dose for cancer treatment; however, manual outlining is a tedious and time-consuming task. In this paper, an algorithm is described for semi-automatic segmentation of the prostate from 2D ultrasound images. The algorithm uses model-based initialization and the efficient discrete dynamic contour. Initialization requires the user to select only four points from which the outline of the prostate is estimated using cubic interpolation functions and shape information. The estimated contour is then deformed automatically to better fit the image. The algorithm can easily segment a wide range of prostate images, and contour editing tools are included to handle more difficult cases. The performance of the algorithm with a single user was compared to manual outlining by a single expert observer. The average distance between semi-automatically and manually outlined boundaries was found to be less than 5 pixels (0.63 mm), and the accuracy and sensitivity were both over 90%.
Measurement of the Shear Wavespeed in an Isotropic Elastomeric Plate (2008)

Abstract : A method to estimate the shear wavespeed in an isotropic, thick, elastomeric plate is demonstrated in this report. A point force is applied to the plate and a scanning laser vibrometer is used to measure normal velocity on one surface. The temporal domain measurements are transformed into the frequency domain using a Fourier transform, then, the spatial domain measurements are transformed into the kx, ky wavevector domain using two Fourier transforms. Once the data are in the wavevector-frequency domain, the propagation wavenumbers for specific Lamb waves can be estimated from the peaks within the kx,ky spectra. Using the estimated values of the propagation wavenumbers, a Newton-Raphson gradient method is applied to the Raleigh-Lamb dispersion curve equations to obtain an estimate of the shear wavespeed, a quantity that is generally difficult to measure. A simulation and an experiment are included to illustrate the method, and the accuracy of the measurement process is discussed.