gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection and Antibody Response Caused by Turkey Herpesvirus Vector Newcastle Disease Vaccine (2013)

Newcastle disease (ND) is prevalent worldwide and causes significant clinical and economic losses to the poultry industry. Current vaccine programs using live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines have limitations, and new vaccines with distinct features are needed. To offer an alternative solution to control ND, a turkey herpesvirus vector Newcastle disease vaccine (HVT/ND) expressing the fusion gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been developed. First, immunogenicity of the HVT/ND was evaluated in specific-pathogen-free layer chickens after vaccination by the in ovo route to 18-day-old embryos or by the subcutaneous route to 1-day-old chicks. Antibodies against NDV were detected at 24 days of age using a commercial NDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and the hemagglutination inhibition test. At least 90% of chickens were protected against challenge with velogenic neurotropic NDV Texas GB strain (genotype II; pathotype velogenic) at 4 wk of age, while none of the nonvaccinated, challenged controls were protected from challenge. Second, the age at which a vaccinated chicken elicits an immunologic response to the HVT/ND prepared for this study, and thus is protected from ND virus, was assessed in commercial broiler chickens after in ovo vaccination of 18-day-old embryos. Challenge was conducted using a low-virulence NDV strain (genotype II; pathotype lentogenic) via the respiratory tract each week between 1 and 5 wk of age, in order to mimic the situation in areas where virulent NDV strains do not normally exist and low-virulence strains cause mild respiratory symptoms leading to economic losses. Protection was evaluated by the presence or absence of isolated virus from tracheal swabs at 5 days postchallenge. Partial protection was observed at 3 wk of age, when 6 out of 10 (60%) chickens were protected. Full protection was obtained at 4 and 5 wk of age, when 9 out of 10 (90%) and 10 out of 10 (100%) chickens were protected, respectively. Finally, protection against challenge with virulent Texas GB strain at 19 wk of age was evaluated in commercial female layer chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age with HVT/ND. All of the vaccinated chickens were protected, while all of the challenge controls succumbed to the challenge. Furthermore, anti-NDV antibodies measured by ELISA were maintained through 50 wk of age.
Optimal control of flexible end effector in AFM based nanomanipulation (2005)

Atomic force microscope (AFM) based nanomanipulation has been extensively investigated for many years. However, the efficiency and accuracy of the AFM based nanomanipulation is still a major issue due to the nonlinearities and uncertainties in nanomanipulation operations. The deformation of the cantilever caused by manipulation force, in our experience, is one of the most major nonlinearities and uncertainties. It causes difficulties in precisely controlling the tip position, which will cause the tip to miss the position of the object. In order to solve this problem, the traditional approach is to use a rigid cantilever. However, this will significantly reduce the sensitivity of the force feeling during the manipulation, which is essential for achieving an efficient and reliable nanomanipulation. An active AFM probe is used to solve this problem by directly controlling the cantilever's flexibility or rigidity during manipulation. An infinite dimensional model of the active probe is developed. Control of the active probe employing an optimal LQR control law is also implemented. The experimental results have verified the theoretical model and demonstrated that the precise position control and high sensitive interaction force measurement can be achieved simultaneously.
Heterodyne speckle imager for simultaneous observation of 3 degrees of vibrational freedom (2016)

A heterodyne speckle imaging sensor has demonstrated the measurement of three-degrees of vibrational freedom simultaneously. Axial velocity is measured by demodulation, surface velocity gradients are determined by observing speckle translation following extraction from mixed signals.
Preparation of plate‐like potassium sodium niobate particles by hydrothermal method (2011)

Abstract Potassium sodium niobate (K,Na)NbO 3 (KNN) particles with a plate‐like morphology were prepared. First, an unknown potassium sodium niobate hydrate particles with 150‐nm thickness and 1500‐nm width were synthesised by a hydrothermal method. After calcining these particles at 450 °C, plate‐like KNN particles were obtained, which were expected to be used as templates for KNN textured ceramics. It was found that sodium dodecyl‐benzene‐sulfonate (SDBS) acting as surfactant played an important role in controlling the morphology of the particles in the hydrothermal process. The SDBS surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis is feasible for the mass production of plate‐like alkaline niobate template particles. magnified image
Helicopter gust alleviation, attitude stabilization, and vibration alleviation using individual-blade-control through a conventional swash plate (1985)

The novel active control system presented for helicopter rotor aerodynamic and aeroelastic problems involves the individual control of each blade in the rotating frame over a wide range of frequencies (up to the sixth harmonic of rotor speed). This Individual Blade Control (IBC) system controls blade pitch by means of broadband electrohydraulic actuators attached to the swash plate (in the case of three blades) or individually to each blade, using acceleratometer signals to furnish control commands to the actuators. Attention is given to IBC's application to blade lag, flapping, and bending dynamics. It is shown that gust alleviation, attitude stabilization, vibration alleviation, and air/ground resonance suppression, are all achievable with a conventional helicopter swash plate.
A One-Plasmid System To Generate Influenza Virus in Cultured Chicken Cells for Potential Use in Influenza Vaccine (2009)

Influenza virus has a set of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) consisting of viral RNAs, influenza virus polymerase subunits, and nucleoprotein. Intracellular reconstitution of the whole set of RNPs via plasmid transfection results in the generation of influenza virus. By the use of reverse genetics and dual promoters, we constructed a 23.6-kb eight-unit plasmid that contains all the required constituents to generate influenza virus in chicken cells. Our "one-plasmid" system generated higher titers of influenza virus in chicken cells than the "eight-plasmid" system, enabling a simpler approach for generating vaccine seeds. Our study identified plasmid size as a potential limiting factor affecting transfection efficiency and hence the influenza viral yield from chicken cells.
Effective Utilization Technique for Coal Having High Fluidity and Long Maximum Permeation Distance by Coal Size Adjustment (2020)

In our previous paper, we proposed a new measurement method for coal thermoplasticity called the “permeation distance method,” in which the permeation distance of thermally plastic coal into a glass bead layer adjacently placed on the coal sample is measured as a unique caking property. Although the maximum permeation distance measured by this method is roughly correlated with Gieseler fluidity, large deviation is observed, especially for high fluidity coals. Moreover, that study revealed that high MF coal having a longer maximum permeation distance forms thinner pore-wall structures in coke and that coke strength deteriorates when the coal blend includes longer maximum permeation distance coal. Therefore, a technique for reducing the adverse effects of long permeation distance coal on coke strength is necessary so as to utilize the coal more efficiently.
β‐Peptides as Inhibitors of Protein—Protein Interactions (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Airway Microbiome at Birth (2016)

Alterations of pulmonary microbiome have been recognized in multiple respiratory disorders. It is critically important to ascertain if an airway microbiome exists at birth and if so, whether it is associated with subsequent lung disease. We found an established diverse and similar airway microbiome at birth in both preterm and term infants, which was more diverse and different from that of older preterm infants with established chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Consistent temporal dysbiotic changes in the airway microbiome were seen from birth to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants. Genus Lactobacillus was decreased at birth in infants with chorioamnionitis and in preterm infants who subsequently went on to develop lung disease. Our results, taken together with previous literature indicating a placental and amniotic fluid microbiome, suggest fetal acquisition of an airway microbiome. We speculate that the early airway microbiome may prime the developing pulmonary immune system, and dysbiosis in its development may set the stage for subsequent lung disease.
Low-loss single-mode optical couplers (1985)

The fabrication of very-low-loss single-mode optical-fibre couplers is described. The biconical fusion method has been used to investigate three types of single-mode fibre (i.e. depressed cladding, matched cladding and raised cladding), and losses of less than 0.05 dB have been obtained. Experimental evidence also shows that power transfer in the biconical fusion coupler cannot be supported by evanescent wave coupling between the cores of the fibres. The fabrication of polished-type couplers is also described for fixed and mechanically tunable output power splitting ratio couplers. Typically losses of less than 0.2 dB are possible.
Abstract LB-097: Targeted degradation of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer (2015)

Abstract Progression of prostate cancer in patients treated with anti-androgen therapy usually involves several mechanisms of enhanced Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling, including increased intratumoral androgen synthesis, increased AR expression and AR mutations. We have developed a protein degradation technology called PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera), which uses bi-functional molecules that simultaneously bind a target of choice and an E3 ligase. PROTACs, via induced proximity, cause ubiquitination and degradation of the targeted, pathological protein. As opposed to traditional target inhibition, which is a competitive process, degradation is a progressive process. As such, it is less susceptible to increases in endogenous ligand, target expression, or mutations in the target. Thus this technology seems ideal for addressing the mechanisms of AR resistance in patients with prostate cancer. AR PROTACs were shown to degrade AR in LNCaP and VCaP cells, with low nM to pM potency, and had a &gt;85% reduction in AR concentration (Dmax). Degradation was rapid, with 50% of AR lost within 15 minutes and maximal degradation observed by 4 hours. The degradation process in cells was specific, as the PROTAC activity can be competed with excess E3 ligand and PROTACs with an inactive epimer for E3 ligase binding did not degrade AR. AR PROTACs induced rapid apoptosis and cell death in VCaP cells. In LNCap and VCaP cell systems, AR PROTACs were anti-proliferative under conditions in which enzalutamide was inactive, such as increasing concentrations of the AR agonist R1881 and cells containing the ARF876L mutation. AR PROTACs typically exhibited good pharmacokinetic properties, with t1/2 values of several hours and bioavailability of &gt;50% after ip or sc injection. In mice, AR PROTACs demonstrate in vivo activity, including reduction of AR protein levels, prostate involution and tumor growth inhibition. In summary, PROTACs designed to degrade AR are potent, specific, active in vitro and in vivo, and have cellular efficacy superior to enzalutamide. Targeted degradation of AR may provide a novel mechanism for providing efficacious therapy for patients with prostate cancer for whom current therapies have failed. Citation Format: Meizhong Jin, James D. Winkler, Kevin Coleman, Andrew P. Crew, AnnMarie K. Rossi, Ryan R. Willard, Hanqing Dong, Kam Siu, Jing Wang, Deborah A. Gordon, Xin Chen, Caterina Ferraro, Craig M. Crews, Taavi K. Neklesa. Targeted degradation of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-097. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-097
Edge-Geometry NbN/MgO/NbN Tunnel Junctions (1991)

Superconductor/insulator/superconductor (SIS) tunnel junctions fabricated with base and counter electrodes of NbN separated by thin layers of MgO. Useful as submillimeter-wave mixers and fast switches. Use of edge geometry to define small junction makes possible to fabricate junction by process including conventional photolithography.
532. An Inducible Fed-Batch Fermentation Process for Scale-Up and Production of DNA Vaccines and Gene Medicines (2006)

It is essential to devise industrial processes whereby plasmid DNA can be manufactured to meet the quality, economy, and scale requirements projected for future gene medicine and DNA vaccine production. To date, most plasmid fermentation media and processes result in low yields, imposing a cost and purity burden on commercialization of plasmid DNA production. Here we report the development of an inducible fed-batch fermentation process that dramatically increases volumetric yield and specific plasmid yield with respect to cell mass, while maintaining or enhancing plasmid integrity. Additionally, this process is well suited for producing unstable plasmids. This inducible process utilizes commercially available media that we designed specifically for plasmid production. The process consists of an initial biomass accumulation phase, followed by a plasmid accumulation phase. The plasmid is stably maintained at low levels during a period of nutrient restricted growth and reduced temperature (30°C), and then the temperature is increased (37-42°C) to induce plasmid amplification. Typically, the specific plasmid yield increases over a period of up to 8 hours following temperature up-shift. A set of ten replicate fermentations producing a DNA vaccine plasmid was performed. The total process lasted 38.5 hours, with a 7 hour induction time. The overall plasmid yield averaged 760 mg/L, and the average specific plasmid yield was 8.5 mg/L/OD600. A total DNA analysis by AGE of total cell lysates indicated that plasmid DNA accounted for the majority of the total DNA in the cells at harvest. A high degree of process robustness and reproducibility has been demonstrated with many different plasmids and with multiple batches of a single plasmid. Fed-batch fermentation productivity exceeding 1000 mg plasmid DNA/L fermentation media has been obtained with pUC origin containing plasmids (see figure). This five to ten fold increase in plasmid yield dramatically decreases plasmid manufacturing costs, and improves the effectiveness of downstream purification by reducing the fraction of impurities.
Discovery of 5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-pentanoic Acid [2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide as a Neuroprotectant for Alzheimer’s Disease by Hybridization of Curcumin and Melatonin (2014)

In our effort to develop effective neuroprotectants as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD), hybrid compounds of curcumin and melatonin, two natural products that have been extensively studied in various AD models, were designed, synthesized, and biologically characterized. A lead hybrid compound (7) was discovered to show significant neuroprotection with nanomolar potency (EC50 = 27.60 ± 9.4 nM) in MC65 cells, a cellular AD model. Multiple in vitro assay results established that 7 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) in MC65 cells, but not on the aggregation of Aβ species. It also exhibited significant antioxidative properties. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that 7's antioxidant effects correlate well with its neuroprotective potency for MC65 cells, and these effects might be due to its interference with the interactions of AβOs within the mitochondria of MC65 cells. Furthermore, 7 was confirmed to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver a sufficient amount to brain tissue after oral administration. Collectively, these results strongly support the hybridization approach as an efficient strategy to help identify novel scaffolds with a desired pharmacology, and strongly encourage further optimization of 7 to develop more potent neuroprotectants for AD.
360° SUN TRACKING WITH AUTOMATED CLEANING SYSTEM FOR SOLAR PV (2010)

The solar PV modules are generally employed in dusty environments which is the case in tropical countries like India. The dust gets accumulated on the front surface of the module and blocks the incident light from the sun. It reduces the power generation capacity of the module. The power output reduces as much as by 50% if the module is not cleaned for a month. In order to regularly clean the dust, a sun tracking- cum- cleaning system has been designed, which not only tracks the sun but also cleans the modules automatically. This automated system is implemented using 8051 microcontroller which controls the stepper motor coupled with the gear box (40:1 ratio).This mechanism does not require any sensor or synchronization for tracking the sun. While for cleaning the PV modules, a mechanism consists of a sliding brushes has been developed. In this mechanism, the solar panels make a rotation of 360o in a day, which results in sliding of cleaning brushes twice over the PV modules. In terms of daily energy generation, the presented tracking-cumcleaning scheme provides about 30% more energy output as compared to the flat PV module (module kept stationary on ground) and about 15% more energy output as compared to PV module with single axis tracking. The implementation and working of 360o sun tracking system with automatic cleaning is described in this paper.
Incorporating version histories in information retrieval based bug localization (2012)

Fast and accurate localization of software defects continues to be a difficult problem since defects can emanate from a large variety of sources and can often be intricate in nature. In this paper, we show how version histories of a software project can be used to estimate a prior probability distribution for defect proneness associated with the files in a given version of the project. Subsequently, these priors are used in an IR (Information Retrieval) framework to determine the posterior probability of a file being the cause of a bug. We first present two models to estimate the priors, one from the defect histories and the other from the modification histories, with both types of histories as stored in the versioning tools. Referring to these as the base models, we then extend them by incorporating a temporal decay into the estimation of the priors. We show that by just including the base models, the mean average precision (MAP) for bug localization improves by as much as 30%. And when we also factor in the time decay in the estimates of the priors, the improvements in MAP can be as large as 80%.
A 33fJ/Step SAR Capacitance-to-Digital Converter Using a Chain of Inverter-Based Amplifiers (2016)

A 12 - bit energy-efficient capacitive sensor interface circuit that fully relies on capacitance-domain successive approximation (SAR) technique is presented. Analysis shows that for SAR capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) comparator offset voltage will result in parasitic-dependent conversion errors, which necessitates using an offset cancellation technique. Based on the presented analysis, a SAR CDC that uses a chain of cascode inverter-based amplifiers with near-threshold biasing is proposed to provide robust, energy-efficient, and fast operation. A hybrid coarse-fine capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CapDAC) achieves 11.7 - bit effective resolution, and provides 83% area saving compared to a conventional binary weighted implementation. The prototype fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS technology is experimentally verified using MEMS capacitive pressure sensor. Experimental results show an energy efficiency figure-of-merit (FoM) of 33fJ/Step which outperforms the state-of-the-art. The CDC output is insensitive to analog references; thus, a very low temperature sensitivity of 2.3ppm/°C is achieved without the need for calibration.
High efficiency, low cost buried contact silicon solar cells (1994)

The buried contact (BC) technology has demonstrated both an efficiency and cost advantage over conventional screen printed solar cells. New BC structures, in particular the double sided (DS) BC cell, allow further improvements in cost and efficiency. Improvements in efficiency arise through improved rear surface passivation. Experimental results from DSBC cells using various passivation methods demonstrate that a floating junction (FJ) passivates as well as passivation schemes used with high efficiency cells. 2D analysis and experimental results both show localised defects have prevented FJ passivation from achieving its potential and that optimization of the rear doping or by bifacial operation can improve performance.
A vector watermarking using the generalized square mask (2002)

Presents an algorithm for watermark insertion and extraction in a vector image. Most parts of the vector image consist of an array of coordinate values. First, the image is partitioned into blocks with the same area, and every vertex coordinate value within a block is changed to a new coordinate value whose origin is at the south-west vertex of the mask belonging to the associated block. The insertion area is different according to the value of the watermark. Unlike the work of M. Sakamoto et al. (2000), we are able to use an arbitrary size for the square mask. The mask of Sukamoto et al.'s work is restrictive since the length of the mask is 2/sup R/-1, where R=1, 2, ..., n. We also show that our method is superior to the previous work against noise attacks.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Bicyclic Sulfonylureas (1991)

Many ortho substituted-benzenesulfonylureas have recently been commercialized as herbicides. This discovery initiated a program to incorporate the ortho group of the benzenesulfonamide into a second ring, forming a bicyclic sulfonamide. The synthesis of a variety of bicyclic arylsulfonamides, such as, dihydrobenzothiophenes, benzothiopyrans, dihydroisocoumarins, dihydrobenzothiazine-dioxides, indanones and benzisothiazoles, is described. Representative synthetic methods include Claisen rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts acylation and directed metallation. Bicyclic arylsulfonamides are used to prepare herbicidally active sulfonylureas. Biological activity of these sulfonylureas is discussed.
SPOP Mutations in Prostate Cancer across Demographically Diverse Patient Cohorts (2014)

SPOP is mutated in 4.6% to 14.4% of patients with prostate cancer across different ethnic and demographic backgrounds. There was no significant association between SPOP mutations with ethnicity, clinical, or pathologic parameters. Mutual exclusivity of SPOP mutation with ERG rearrangement as well as a high association with CHD1 deletion reinforces SPOP mutation as defining a distinct molecular subclass of prostate cancer.
Long-distance soliton propagation using lumped amplifiers and dispersion shifted fiber (1991)

It is shown both analytically and by numerical simulation, that solitons can traverse great distances through a chain of lumped amplifiers connecting dispersion shifted fiber spans. The fiber spans can also have large fractional variations in D. The resultant pulse distortions and dispersive wave radiation tend to be negligible, as long as the length scale of the variations in energy and dispersion are short relative to the soliton period.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>