gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printed multi-band MIMO antenna systems: Techniques and Isolation mechanisms (2014)

Printed multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems are currently used in 4G wireless handsets and devices. MIMO technology provides higher data rates than conventional single antenna wireless systems. Such antennas are required to cover wide bands or multi-bands to cover various standard frequencies as well as be backward compatible with older wireless generations. The placement of antennas within close proximity causes severe coupling and thus degrades the MIMO antenna system performance. In this paper, we will review the most recent antenna structures for multi-band coverage of printed MIMO antenna systems, present some potential multiband isolation enhancement mechanisms and structures and propose a new one.
High Capacity, Low Latency Data Transmission Using Hollow Core-Photonic Bandgap Fibers (2016)

We discuss our recent progress in hollow core-photonic bandgap fiber fabrication for high capacity transmission, focusing on two key areas: longitudinal uniformity and length upscaling as well as reviewing highlight results in data transmission.
A Dividerless Ring Oscillator PLL With 250fs Integrated Jitter Using Sampled Lowpass Filter (2020)

This brief presents a novel ring oscillator based phase lock loop architecture that is capable of wideband, dividerless integer-N synthesis. The noise transfer function of the presented architecture is the same as a sub-sampling phase lock loop (PLL). Like a sub-sampling PLL, the presented architecture removes the phase detector and charge pump's N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> noise that dominates the in-band noise of traditional PLLs. This noise reduction allows the presented ring oscillator PLL to operate with integrated jitter as low as 250fs. Unlike sub-sampling PLLs, the presented architecture moves the sampling block downstream of the loop filter. As the sampled data is lowpass filtered, only low frequency sampling blocks are required, which removes the power and area overheads associated with directly sampling the voltage controlled oscillator. Measurement results show the presented PLL is capable of locking over a wide range of 1.2-2.5GHz. The presented PLL is fabricated in 65nm bulk CMOS, and demonstrates a figure of merit of -242.7dB, which is among best in class for ring oscillator PLLs. Furthermore, an area of 0.0066 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is consumed, which represents the smallest published sub-sampling ring oscillator PLLs.
Real-time monitoring of airborne beryllium, at OSHA limit levels, by time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1982)

Real-time detection of beryllium particulate is being investigated by the new technique of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. For beryllium detection we monitor the 313.1-nm feature of once ionized beryllium (Be II). Numerous publications describe the technique, our beryllium results, and other applications. Here we summarize the important points and describe our experiments with beryllium.
Glass MICA Composite Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2008)

A novel glass-mica composite seal was developed based on a previous concept of infiltrated mica seals for solid oxide fuel cells. A Ba-Al-Ca silicate sealing glass was mixed with mica flakes to form the glass-mica composite seals. The glass-mica composite seals were tested for thermal cycle stability in terms of the high temperature leakage under applied compressive stresses. Post mortem analyses were used to characterize the fracture and leak path of the glass-mica composite seals.
Learning Word-Level Confidence for Subword End-To-End ASR (2021)

We study the problem of word-level confidence estimation in subword-based end-to-end (E2E) models for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Although prior works have proposed training auxiliary confidence models for ASR systems, they do not extend naturally to systems that operate on word-pieces (WP) as their vocabulary. In particular, ground truth WP correctness labels are needed for training confidence models, but the non-unique tokenization from word to WP causes inaccurate labels to be generated. This paper proposes and studies two confidence models of increasing complexity to solve this problem. The final model uses self-attention to directly learn word-level confidence without needing subword tokenization, and exploits full context features from multiple hypotheses to improve confidence accuracy. Experiments on Voice Search and long-tail test sets show standard metrics (e.g., NCE, AUC, RMSE) improving substantially. The proposed confidence module also enables a model selection approach to combine an on-device E2E model with a hybrid model on the server to address the rare word recognition problem for the E2E model.
Lumber Scanning System for Surface Defect Detection (1992)

Present trends, such as increasing costs and limited supplies of high quality logs, have been making hardwood lumber manufacturers increase efforts to maximize the utilization of their wood raw material. Lumber production is less than optimum because of the complexity of the grading rules, the decision process, operator skill, operator fatigue, and the precision of mechanical setworks. The optimization of lumber manufacturing must involve some degree of automation. This paper describes research aimed at developing a machine vision technology to drive automated processes in the hardwood forest products manufacturing industry. A prototype machine vision system has been designed to scan variable-size hardwood lumber for detecting features such as knots, holes, wane, stain, checks, and splits. The prototype system has also been designed to be general purpose so that a variety of different problems can be addressed in both primary and secondary hardwood manufacturing. INTRODUCTION Hardwood lumber manufacturers in the eastern U.S. produce more than 10 billion board feet (24,000 m3) of sawn hardwood lumber annually (Araman et al., 1992). Present trends such as increasing costs and limited supplies of high quality timber resources, have been making hardwood lumber manufacturers increase efforts to look for new ways to reduce costs and increase product value recovery. Presently, hardwood lumber production is less than optimum because of the complexity of the grading rules, the decision process, lThe authors are, respectively, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Wood Science and Forest Products, VP1S Graduate Research Assistant and Associate Professor, Spatial Data Analysis Laboratory, VPIS Research Forest Products Technologist and Project Leader, USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Brooks Forest Products Center, VPIS Conners et al. 1990b). Such a system is unique in that it can handle full-sized lumber at industrial speeds. Hence, industrial scale problems can be investigated. The system is being used to address a number of manufacturing
Aluminum Nitride Combined Overtone Resonators for the 5G High Frequency Bands (2020)

This work presents a new acoustic MEMS resonator technology, dubbed Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Combined Overtone Resonator (COR), capable of addressing the filter requirements for the 5G high frequency bands in the 6-40GHz range. The COR exploits the multimodal excitation of two higher-order Lamb waves (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> and 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> order Asymmetrical Lamb Waves) in a suspended thin-film AlN plate to transduce a 2-dimensional vibration mode with high electromechanical coupling coefficient k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (up to 1.9%) and quality factor Q 1100 at twice the frequency of a fundamental thickness-extensional mode in the same structure. Analytical and finite-element method (FEM) models are developed to describe the working principle of the COR technology and predict the achievable k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , Q and lithographic frequency tunability. An 8.8 GHz COR prototype was fabricated showing a high k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ~ 0.3% (using a simple top-electrode-only configuration with a 2-mask process) and a groundbreaking Q ~ 1100 which is the highest ever achieved among piezoelectric resonators above 6 GHz. The f - Q product ~1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> is the highest among all demonstrated piezoelectric resonators with metallic coverage 50%. Additionally, the capability of the COR technology to deliver contiguous filters with bandwidths between 355 and 592 MHz (aggregated BW 2GHz) in the mmWave spectrum, with relaxed lithographic requirements, is demonstrated by FEM.
Myocardial T1 mapping using SMART1Map: initial in vivo experience (2013)

Three series for each sequence in each of 4 volunteers were acquired. Values measured using a version of MOLLI with no correction, with the common Look-Locker correction and with the Look-Locker correction and correcting TI times based on pulse sequence-measured RR durations are listed. Values measured using SMART1Map with estimated TI times and the corrected TI times are also listed. The T1 values from SMART1Map with measured TI times closely match unenhanced myocardium T1's measured with single-point methods in the literature.
High-power low-droop violet semipolar (303¯1¯) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with thick active layer design (2014)

Devices grown on nonpolar and semipolar planes of GaN offer key performance advantages over devices grown on the conventional c-plane, including reduced polarization fields. This allows for a wider design space on semipolar planes for light emitting diodes (LEDs) to address the problem of efficiency droop at high current densities. LED structures with very thick (10–100 nm) InGaN single-quantum-well/double heterostructure active regions were grown using conventional metal organic chemical vapor deposition on semipolar (303¯1¯) free-standing GaN substrates and processed and packaged using conventional techniques. Simulated band diagrams showed reduced polarization fields on the (303¯1¯) plane. The calculated critical thickness for misfit dislocation formation is higher on the (303¯1¯) plane than on other semipolar planes, such as (202¯1¯), allowing for thicker active regions than our previous work to further reduce droop. The higher critical thickness was confirmed with defect characterization via cathodoluminescence. A trend is demonstrated in lower efficiency droop for devices with thicker active regions. Thermal droop characteristics of these devices are also presented. These observed results were utilized to demonstrate over 1 W of output power at a current density of 1 kA/cm2 from a single 0.1 mm2 LED device.
Acid/Sugar Separation Using Ion Exclusion Resins: A Process Analysis and Design (1990)

Abstract The economic feasibility of using acid hydrolysis to convert agricultural waste products, such as corn stovers, to alcohol is very dependent upon developing a cost effective sulfuric acidglucose sugar separation process. Presently, an acid/sugar stream from sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cellulose is treated with lime to precipitate the acid as gypsum. This technique not only consumes acid and lime, but also generates waste gypsum that is sent to a landfill. An ion exclusion process to perform acid/sugar separation has been designed using standard resins. Economic analysis based on a process computer model indicates that ion exclusion is 40 % less costly than a lime precipitation process.
Graph cuts segmentation using an elliptical shape prior (2005)

We present a graph cuts-based image segmentation technique that incorporates an elliptical shape prior. Inclusion of this shape constraint restricts the solution space of the segmentation result, increasing robustness to misleading information that results from noise, weak boundaries, and clutter. We argue that combining a shape prior with a graph cuts method suggests an iterative approach that updates an intermediate result to the desired solution. We first present the details of our method and then demonstrate its effectiveness in segmenting vessels and lymph nodes from pelvic magnetic resonance images, as well as human faces.
Properties of N-polar AlGaN/GaN heterostructures and field effect transistors grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2008)

Smooth N-polar GaN/AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures with a different Al mole fraction were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) sapphire substrates with a misorientation angle of 4° toward the a-sapphire plane. The sheet electron density of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which formed at the upper GaN/AlxGa1−xN interface increased with an increasing Al-mole fraction in the AlxGa1−xN layer and increasing silicon modulation doping, similar to the observations for Ga-polar heterostructures. The transport properties of the 2DEG, however, were anisotropic. The growth on vicinal substrates led to the formation of well ordered multiatomic steps during AlxGa1−xN growth and the sheet resistance of the 2DEG parallel to the steps was about 25% lower than the resistance measured in the perpendicular direction. The fabricated devices exhibited a drain-source current, IDS, of 0.9 A/mm at a gate-source voltage +1 V. At a drain-source voltage of 10 V and IDS=300 mA/mm, current-gain and maximum oscillation frequencies of 15 and 38 GHz, respectively, were measured.
PMIPv6 Route Optimization Protocol (2007)

This document defines route optimization protocol for Proxy Mobile
IPv6. Proxy home test, concurrent proxy care-of test and handover
procedures based on Enhanced Route Optimization for Mobile IPv6 are
explained. Mobile access gateway uses cryptographically generated home
addresses so that no more home test is needed after the initial home
test. Handover home keygen token is used during handover in order to
eliminate home test for the next mobile access gateway. The protocol
also supports IPv4 transport network operation.
Fast Ate Pairing Computation of Embedding Degree 12 Using Subfield-Twisted Elliptic Curve (2009)

This paper presents implementation techniques of fast Ate pairing of embedding degree 12. In this case, we have no trouble in finding a prime order pairing friendly curve E such as the Barreto-Naehrig curve $y^2=x^3+a, a\\in\\Fp{}$. For the curve, an isomorphic substitution from $\\Gii\\subset \\EFpxii$ into $\\Gii'$ in subfield-twisted elliptic curve $\\EdFpii$ speeds up scalar multiplications over $\\Gii$ and wipes out denominator calculations in Miller's algorithm. This paper mainly provides about 30% improvement of the Miller's algorithm calculation using proper subfield arithmetic operations. Moreover, we also provide the efficient parameter settings of the BN curves. When p is a 254-bit prime, the embedding degree is 12, and the processor is Pentium4 (3.6GHz), it is shown that the proposed algorithm computes Ate pairing in 13.3 milli-seconds including final exponentiation.
Small-format fly-over photography for highway bridge monitoring (2010)

Current bridge visual inspections are time-consuming, subjective, and rely heavily on personal experiences. The resulting ratings may be inconsistent. This paper discusses using remote-sensing technologies for bridge assessment, specifically, the use of high-resolution aerial imagery. The Small-Format Aerial Photography (SFAP) is a low-cost solution for bridge surface imaging. Providing top-down views, the airplanes flying at 1000 ft, can allow visualization of sub-inch (< 0.5 inch) cracks and joint openings on bridge decks or highway pavements. However, the site lighting may influence the quality of the images; surrounding tree shades and the highway wear surface reflectivity. Several examples of bridge evaluation using SFAP aerial photography are presented to demonstrate the capability of remote sensing as an effective tool for bridge construction monitoring and condition assessment. Several imaging issues are raised about analytical techniques that are necessary to ensure proper quantification of bridge problems, which include crack detection, movement determination, heavy trucking assessment, debris detection, channel width determination and environment assessment.
Fluidization: Hydrodynamic Stabilization with a Magnetic Field (1979)

Fluidization of magnetizable particles by a gas stream in the presence of a uniform applied magnetic field oriented parallel to the flow prevents the hydrodynamic instability that otherwise leads to bubbles and turbulent motion within the medium. The fluidized emulsion expands uniformly in response to gas flow speeds in excess of that at the incipient fluidization point, with transition from the quiescent stable state to bubbling occurring suddenly at a characteristic increased rate of flow. Experimental data demonstrate the dependence of this transition velocity on the intensity of the applied magnetic field, length of the bed, and type of magnetic solids. Data illustrate the pressure distribution through the bed medium, the bedflow characteristics, and other phenomena.
Inhibitor of Virus Replication Associated with Resistance Responses (1990)

Protoplasts from tobacco plants containing the N gene for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), after infection with TMV, release a 23 kDa protein that inhibits replication of several plant viruses. The protein, known as inhibitor of virus replication (IVR), was also obtained from inoculated and induced-resistant leaf tissue. Poly- and monoclonal antibodies to IVR have been prepared which will assist in the future cloning of the IVR gene.
Comparison of monitoring techniques in and near almonds and pistachios under mating disruption treatment for navel orangeworm (2018)

As use of mating disruption for control of the navel orangeworm Amyelois transitella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California increases, it becomes more important to find non-pheromonal attractants that perform well for monitoring both in the presence and absence of mating disruption. Accordingly, in a study running from June to mid-September we compared the performance of navel orangeworm traps baited with either phenyl propionate (PPO) or an attractive synthetic five-component kairomone blend (kairomone blend). The attractants were evaluated alone and combined with a pheromone lure in both almond and pistachio orchards that were either under navel orangeworm mating disruption treatments or in the vicinity of mating disruption. Under all tested conditions, traps baited with PPO alone and in combination with the pheromone lure (PPO-combo) captured more navel orangeworm adults than the kairomone blend alone, or, in three of the four sites, the kairomone blend with a pheromone lure (blend-combo). Traps baited with PPO alone capture more moths than traps baited with the kairomone blend alone and, under the conditions of this study, the attractiveness of both PPO and the kairomone blend were enhanced when presented with pheromone. These findings indicate that both the kairomone blend and PPO can serve for monitoring navel orangeworm in orchards under mating disruption treatments and in regions where mating disruption is common; but the more robust detection ability of PPO gives it an advantage for this application.
Sensitive and specific detection of retinoid receptor subtype proteins in cultured cell and tumor extracts. (1994)

Subtype-specific antipeptide antibodies have been developed against each of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs alpha, beta, and gamma) and each of the retinoid X receptors (RXRs alpha, beta, and gamma). Each antibody reacts specifically with its respective recombinantly expressed protein but not with any of the other retinoid receptor subtypes, by both immunoblot and immunoprecipitation technology. We describe a sensitive and specific assay that combines the binding of cultured cell and tumor extracts to [3H]all-trans-retinoic acid or [3H]9-cis-retinoic acid with immunoprecipitation of the hormone-receptor complexes by the subtype-specific antibodies to determine the levels of functional retinoid receptor subtype proteins that are present. We also report the use of a hormone-binding assay that uses RAR- and RXR-selective compounds as competitors of the tritiated retinoids to ascertain the RAR and RXR subfamily profiles of these cells. HeLa cells contain all six retinoid receptor proteins ranging in concentration from 9 fmol/mg total protein for RAR beta and RXR gamma to 50 fmol/mg for RXR alpha. Hep G2 and HL60 cells express RAR alpha and RXR alpha proteins at approximately 20-60 fmol receptor/mg protein, and RAR beta is expressed at lower levels (approximately 5 fmol/mg) in Hep G2 cells. MCF-7 cells in culture express RAR alpha (approximately 32 fmol/mg), RAR gamma (approximately 35 fmol/mg), and RXR alpha (approximately 60 fmol/mg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On-device Structured and Context Partitioned Projection Networks (2019)

A challenging problem in on-device text classification is to build highly accurate neural models that can fit in small memory footprint and have low latency. To address this challenge, we propose an on-device neural network SGNN++ which dynamically learns compact projection vectors from raw text using structured and context-dependent partition projections. We show that this results in accelerated inference and performance improvements.
Highly charged ion based time-of-flight emission microscope (2000)

An emission microscope using highly charged ions as the excitation source has been designed, constructed, and operated. A novel “acorn” objective lens has been used to simultaneously image electron and secondary ion emission. A resistive anode-position sensitive detector is used to determine the x–y position and time of arrival of the secondary events at the microscope image plane. Contrast in the image can be based on the intensity of the electron emission and/or the presence of particular secondary ions. Spatial resolution of better than 1 μm and mass resolution m/Δm of better than 400 were demonstrated. Background rejection from uncorrelated events of greater than an order of magnitude is also achieved.
Stable silicon-ionic liquid interface for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (2015)

We are currently in the midst of a race to discover and develop new battery materials capable of providing high energy-density at low cost. By combining a high-performance Si electrode architecture with a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte, here we demonstrate a highly energy-dense lithium-ion cell with an impressively long cycling life, maintaining over 75% capacity after 500 cycles. Such high performance is enabled by a stable half-cell coulombic efficiency of 99.97%, averaged over the first 200 cycles. Equally as significant, our detailed characterization elucidates the previously convoluted mechanisms of the solid-electrolyte interphase on Si electrodes. We provide a theoretical simulation to model the interface and microstructural-compositional analyses that confirm our theoretical predictions and allow us to visualize the precise location and constitution of various interfacial components. This work provides new science related to the interfacial stability of Si-based materials while granting positive exposure to ionic liquid electrochemistry.