gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gleevec, Chapter Two: New Leukemia Drug Aims to Overcome Resistance (2004)

Gleevec, the drug hailed for its ability to send people with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) into remission, is far from perfect. In some patients, white blood cells become resistant to it, allowing cancer to return. Moreover, a significant fraction of newly diagnosed patients start out resistant. But now Bristol-Myers Squibb has developed a new compound, dubbed BMS-354825, that appears to complement the effects of Gleevec (also known as imatinib), and preliminary results suggest that its antileukemia effects may be even more potent, researchers say.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe Activated by Nitroreductase for <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Hypoxic Tumor Detection (2021)

Tumor hypoxia is correlated with increased resistance to chemotherapy and poor overall prognoses across a number of cancer types. We present here a cancer cell-selective and hypoxia-responsive probe (<b>fol-BODIPY</b>) designed on the basis of density functional theory (DFT)-optimized quantum chemical calculations. The <b>fol-BODIPY</b> probe was found to provide a rapid fluorescence "off-on" response to hypoxia relative to controls, which lack the folate or nitro-benzyl moieties. <i>In vitro</i> confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses, as well as <i>in vivo</i> near-infrared optical imaging of CT26 solid tumor-bearing mice, provided support for the contention that <b>fol-BODIPY</b> is more readily accepted by folate receptor-positive CT26 cancer cells and provides a superior fluorescence "off-on" signal under hypoxic conditions than the controls. Based on the findings of this study, we propose that <b>fol-BODIPY</b> may serve as a tumor-targeting, hypoxia-activatable probe that allows for direct cancer monitoring both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Expression of Multidrug Resistance Protein/GS-X Pump and γ-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Genes Is Regulated by Oxidative Stress (1998)

Expression of the MRP1 gene encoding the GS-X pump and of the gamma-GCSh gene encoding the heavy (catalytic) subunit of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is frequently elevated in many drug-resistant cell lines and can be co-induced by many cytotoxic agents. However, mechanisms that regulate the expression of these genes remain to be elucidated. We report here that like gamma-GCSh, the expression of MRP1 can be induced in cultured cells treated with pro-oxidants such as tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,3-dimethoxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone, and menadione. Intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) levels were increased in hepatoma cells treated with tert-butylhydroquinone for 2 h as measured by flow cytometry using an ROI-specific probe, dihydrorhodamine 123. Elevated GSH levels in stably gamma-GCSh-transfected cell lines down-regulated endogenous MRP1 and gamma-GCSh expression. ROI levels in these transfected cells were lower than those in the untransfected control. In the cell lines in which depleting cellular GSH pools did not affect the expression of the MRP1 and gamma-GCSh genes, only minor increased intracellular levels of ROIs were observed. These results suggest that intracellular ROI levels play an important role in the regulation of MRP1 and gamma-GCSh expression. Our data also suggest that elevated intracellular GSH levels not only facilitate substrate transport by the MRP1/GS-X pump as previously demonstrated, but also suppress MRP1 and gamma-GCSh expression.
Quantitative Evaluation of Female Pelvic Floor Muscle Biomechanics Using Ultrasound Elastography (2019)

Female pelvic floor dysfunction is a common disease which has become one of the five common chronic diseases threatening women's health. As the supporting structures, pelvic floor muscle is critical to support the pelvic organs, maintain continence, and prevent prolapse. The quantitative evaluation of pelvic floor muscle biomechanics is of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of female pelvic floor dysfunction. Our study aims to propose a noninvasive, quantitative, and objective method for motion analysis of the pelvic floor muscles. Ultrasound data, force data during continuous contractive activities from 37 subjects are synchronously collected using an ultrasound scanner and a self-designed intravaginal pressure acquisition device. A two-dimensional motion tracking algorithm is used to monitor the displacement of the pelvic floor muscles. The muscle displacement field is then computed. The parameter, defined as M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pu</sub> , which is the tangential displacements of one interested point near pubis shows good correlation with clinical measurement parameter (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BP</sub> ) (r = -0.93, P <; 0.05). The continuous control ability of the pelvic muscles is further evaluated by measuring the average maintaining time of the maximal contraction force and the muscle thickness during this maintaining period. Both of them are well correlated with the clinical grading results of prolapse. It is concluded that the ultrasound measurements of tissue motions and biomechanics are of great value for the clinical pelvic floor prolapse diagnosis.
Recipient Revocable Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption (2016)

In this paper, we present the notion of recipient-revocable identity-based broadcast encryption scheme. In this notion, a content provider will produce encrypted content and send them to a third party (which is a broadcaster). This third party will be able to revoke some identities from the ciphertext. We present a security model to capture these requirements, as well as a concrete construction. The ciphertext consists of k+3 group elements, assuming that the maximum number of revocation identities is k. That is, the ciphertext size is linear in the maximal size of R, where R is the revocation identity set. However, we say that the additional elements compared to that from an IBBE scheme are only for the revocation but not for decryption. Therefore, the ciphertext sent to the users for decryption will be of constant size (i.e.,3 group elements). Finally, we present the proof of security of our construction.
Designing content-driven intelligent notification mechanisms for mobile applications (2015)

An increasing number of notifications demanding the smartphone user's attention, often arrive at an inappropriate moment, or carry irrelevant content. In this paper we present a study of mobile user interruptibility with respect to notification content, its sender, and the context in which a notification is received. In a real-world study we collect around 70,000 instances of notifications from 35 users. We group notifications according to the applications that initiated them, and the social relationship between the sender and the receiver. Then, by considering both content and context information, such as the current activity of a user, we discuss the design of classifiers for learning the most opportune moment for the delivery of a notification carrying a specific type of information. Our results show that such classifiers lead to a more accurate prediction of users' interruptibility than an alternative approach based on user-defined rules of their own interruptibility.
The compatibility of linear low density polyethylene‐polypropylene blends: Viscosity ratio plots (1994)

Abstract Blends of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP) show diverse mechanical property behavior in the published literature. The main objectives of this work were: to investigate the effect of viscosity of the component phases on the mechanical properties of such blends and to use the results to obtain a method for compatibilizing diaper manufacturing waste. The significant result of the study was that although LLDPE/PP blends are often termed “incompatible,” when viscosity of the components was more closely matched to each other, increases of as much as 50% in tensile strength and modulus were observed over the “rule of mixtures” line. Also, scanning electron microscopy then showed a more diffuse interface between the component phases. Three dimensional views of plots of viscosity ratio of the blend components as a function of temperature and shear rate were used to demonstrate the closer matching of viscosities for the blend components of the higher performing blends. In processing diaper manufacturing waste, addition of a high molecular weight PP in a manufacturing scale single screw extruder, to provide a closer match of viscosities of the blend components, significantly improved mechanical properties.
Event-based, 6-DOF pose tracking for high-speed maneuvers (2014)

In the last few years, we have witnessed impressive demonstrations of aggressive flights and acrobatics using quadrotors. However, those robots are actually blind. They do not see by themselves, but through the “eyes” of an external motion capture system. Flight maneuvers using onboard sensors are still slow compared to those attainable with motion capture systems. At the current state, the agility of a robot is limited by the latency of its perception pipeline. To obtain more agile robots, we need to use faster sensors. In this paper, we present the first onboard perception system for 6-DOF localization during high-speed maneuvers using a Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS). Unlike a standard CMOS camera, a DVS does not wastefully send full image frames at a fixed frame rate. Conversely, similar to the human eye, it only transmits pixel-level brightness changes at the time they occur with microsecond resolution, thus, offering the possibility to create a perception pipeline whose latency is negligible compared to the dynamics of the robot. We exploit these characteristics to estimate the pose of a quadrotor with respect to a known pattern during high-speed maneuvers, such as flips, with rotational speeds up to 1,200 °/s. Additionally, we provide a versatile method to capture ground-truth data using a DVS.
miR200-regulated CXCL12β promotes fibroblast heterogeneity and immunosuppression in ovarian cancers (2018)

High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) have been subdivided into molecular subtypes. The mesenchymal HGSOC subgroup, defined by stromal-related gene signatures, is invariably associated with poor patient survival. We demonstrate that stroma exerts a key function in mesenchymal HGSOC. We highlight stromal heterogeneity in HGSOC by identifying four subsets of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF-S1-4). Mesenchymal HGSOC show high content in CAF-S1 fibroblasts, which exhibit immunosuppressive functions by increasing attraction, survival, and differentiation of CD25<sup>+</sup>FOXP3<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes. The beta isoform of the CXCL12 chemokine (CXCL12β) specifically accumulates in the immunosuppressive CAF-S1 subset through a miR-141/200a dependent-mechanism. Moreover, CXCL12β expression in CAF-S1 cells plays a crucial role in CAF-S1 immunosuppressive activity and is a reliable prognosis factor in HGSOC, in contrast to CXCL12α. Thus, our data highlight the differential regulation of the CXCL12α and CXCL12β isoforms in HGSOC, and reveal a CXCL12β-associated stromal heterogeneity and immunosuppressive environment in mesenchymal HGSOC.
A missense mutation in the rpoC gene affects chromosomal replication control in Escherichia coli (1991)

An RNA polymerase mutant with a single-base-pair change in the rpoC gene affects chromosome initiation control. The mutation, which is recessive, is a G to A transition leading to the substitution of aspartate for glycine at amino acid residue 1033 in the RNA polymerase beta' subunit. The chromosome copy number is increased twofold in the mutant at semipermissive growth temperatures (39 degrees C). In a delta oriC strain, in which chromosome initiation is governed by an F replicon, chromosome copy number is not affected. Plasmid pBR322 copy number is also increased in the mutant at 39 degrees C. The mutation causes a more than fivefold increased expression of the dnaA gene at 39 degrees C. It is conceivable that it is this high DnaA concentration which causes the high chromosome copy number and that the mutant RNA polymerase beta' subunit exerts its effect by altering the expression of the dnaA gene. However, other factors must be affected as well to explain why the RNA polymerase mutant can grow in a balanced fashion with a high chromosome concentration. This is in contrast to wild-type cells, which exhibit higher origin concentrations when DnaA protein is overproduced, but in which the overall DNA concentration is only moderately affected.
Detection of high-resistance motor connections using symmetrical component analysis and neural network models (2003)

High resistance electrical connections in the power wiring of induction motor circuits can result in excessive heating, with unsafe operating temperatures and consequent equipment damage. A predictive maintenance diagnostic system that could analyze electrical waveforms to detect the presence of such faulty connections in a motor circuit would be potentially valuable innovation. This paper describes preliminary analytical and experimental work in the detection of high-resistance connections. A neural network model is trained to characterize the behavior of "healthy" circuits in terms of the symmetrical components of three-phase voltage and current. Subsequent system operation, with additional resistance in the cabling due to faulty electrical connection, will exhibit a variation between the measured behavior and the expected "healthy" behavior. Experimental results show that this deviation is roughly proportional to the added resistance, and can be useful as a figure of merit for diagnosing the state of motor wiring.
R&E Educational Program for the Gifted Middle School Students in Informatics using Computer Game Development (2019)

The 4th Gifted Education Promotion Plan, in 2018, established the role of the Gifted Education Center as a Research & Education (R&E) course for talent development in special fields. To be successful in gifted education, gifted education centers must be able to provide appropriate levels of R&E education programs. In this paper, we propose an R&E education program that develops computer games to improve the creative thinking and problem solving ability of informatics gifted students. Computer games are a field that includes various elements such as the technology of outputting graphics on the screen, the animation technology of moving characters and backgrounds, the collision detection technology between characters, the sound output technology, the video output technology, and the user-friendly interface technology. Therefore, by developing computer games, students can learn various game elements and learn algorithms using informatics concepts and data structures. In this paper, we proposed an R&E education program for developing educational games based on Keller's ARCS model using Python and PyGame, and applied it to the R&E class of middle school informatics class students. Through the game development R&E class, students could experience the program development process of real programmers and explore how given problem situations are represented and solved by the program. In addition, while the students have simply enjoyed playing games as consumers of games, this R & E class gives them the opportunity to devise and include their own ways to increase the interest and motivation of users as suppliers of games.
C2PA, a new protein expressed during mouse spermatogenesis (2000)

C2PA is a novel protein that contains a C2 membrane binding domain, a PDZ protein/protein interaction domain, and an ATP/GTP binding domain. C2PA is expressed during embryogenesis from 8.5 days post-coitum (dpc) until birth. After birth, C2PA expression is mainly observed in the post-natal and adult testis. During spermatogenesis, C2PA transcripts are specifically observed in the spermatocytes, whereas spermatogonia and spermatids are negative. Taken together, these results suggest that C2PA might be involved in cell signaling pathways occurring during spermatogenesis.
High-Throughput Detection and Sizing of Individual Low-Index Nanoparticles and Viruses for Pathogen Identification (2010)

Rapid, chip-scale, and cost-effective single particle detection of biological agents is of great importance to human health and national security. We report real-time, high-throughput detection and sizing of individual, low-index polystyrene nanoparticles and H1N1 virus. Our widefield, common path interferometer detects nanoparticles and viruses over a very large sensing area, orders of magnitude larger than competing techniques. We demonstrate nanoparticle detection and sizing down to 70 nm in diameter. We clearly size discriminate nanoparticles with diameters of 70, 100, 150, and 200 nm. We also demonstrate detection and size characterization of hundreds of individual H1N1 viruses in a single experiment.
<i>TKL2</i>, a second transketolase gene of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1993)

Transketolase activity is indispensable for the generation of erythrose 4-phosphate and therefore necessary for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids. Yeast mutants with a deletion of the transketolase gene, TKL1, can grow without aromatic amino acid supplement indicating an additional source of erythrose 4-phosphate in the cells. Here we describe the cloning of TKL2, a gene coding for a second transketolase enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deduced protein sequence of TKL2 demonstrates 71% identity with TKL1 [Sundström, M., Lindqvist, Y., Schneider, G., Hellman, U. & Ronne, H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem., in the press]. Double mutants for both genes, TKL1 and TKL2, are auxotrophic for aromatic amino acids, indicating a complete block in the transketolase activity. Deletion of TKL2 alone does not lead to a significant phenotype, and transketolase activity is not reduced in these mutants. Overexpression of TKL2 on a multi-copy plasmid in a tkl1 background showed that TKL2 is functionally expressed: transketolase enzyme activity was detectable in the transformants and the protein reacts with anti-transketolase serum in Western blot analysis. In addition, transformation of the tkl1 tkl2 double mutant with the TKL2 plasmid can compensate the growth defect on a medium without aromatic amino acids.
An area-efficient maximum/minimum detection circuit for digital and video signal processing (2002)

A circuit for parallel bit-level maximum/minimum selection is presented. The selection is based on a label-updating scheme which sequentially scans a set of data patterns from most significant bit (MSB) to least significant bit (LSB) and generates corresponding labels. The complete circuit realizing this scheme consists of a set of updating units and a global OR unit, where each updating unit is composed of only a few basic gates. Due to structure modularity, the developed circuit provides a very cost-effective hardware solution for comparing large volumes of data patterns such as those required in digital and video signal processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functionalized base-pairs: versatile scaffolds for self-assembly (2005)

This article discusses the development of synthetic supramolecular systems derived from hydrogen bond driven base-pairing, with a focus on the self-assembly of individual nucleobase analogues.
Effect of Small Amounts of Cu on Nitrocarburizing Characteristics for Medium-Carbon Steels (2006)

Copper, of which small amounts are usually contained in steel scraps, has been the target of the elimination from automotive or machine-grade carbon steels for a long time. However recently its effectiveness on steel's mechanical properties has been revealed and application to commercial products has begun.In this paper, the effect of Cu up to 1.0 mass% on the nitrocarburizing characteristics for 0.35 mass% C steels has been studied.(1) Mechanical properties of Cu-bearing samples showed Cu has an effect on the 0.2 % proof stresses both before and after nitrocarburizing treatment. This is possibly caused by the high increase of ferrite hardness for Cu-bearing samples even after nitrocarburizing.(2) Compound layers of Cu-bearing steels are thinner than steels bearing less amounts of Cu. This phenomenon can be explained by the occurrence of an increasing of γ' (Fe4 N) phase in the compound layers of Cu-bearing steels because the rate of γ' layer formation is slower than that of ε (Fe2-3N) layer.
Screening of sepsis using leukocyte cell population data from the Coulter automatic blood cell analyzer DxH800 (2011)

Many of the leukocyte CPD have been identified as useful parameters of sepsis. Hopefully, these parameters can ultimately be incorporated into a decision rule for the screening of sepsis samples and to discriminate fungemia from bacteremia.
Identification of Amino Acid Residues in Transmembrane Helices VI and VII of the Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor Involved in Signaling (1996)

The lutropin/chroriogonadotropin receptor (LH/CG-R) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily containing a relatively large extracellular domain responsible for high affinity ligand binding. There is a paucity of information on the mechanism of ligand-mediated transmembrane signaling via the seven transmembrane helices (TMH) of these receptors. In the present study we have used site-directed mutagenesis to replace each of nine conserved amino acid residues in the TMHs of rat LH/CG-R. COS-7 cells were transiently transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector pSVL-LH/CG-R, wild-type and mutants, followed by measurements of human CG binding and human CG-mediated cAMP production. Three point mutants of LH/CG-R were prepared that diminished signaling but not binding: Pro-562-Leu (TMH VI), Pro-591-Leu(TMH VII), and Tyr-601-Ala (TMH VII). Two point mutants of LH/CG-R, Pro-479-Leu(TMH IV) and Pro-598-Leu(TMH VII), resulted in impaired localization, and four receptor mutants, Thr-424-Ala (TMH III), Ser-562-Ala (TMH VI), Met-560-Leu (TMH VI), and Tyr-590-Ala (TMH VII), were similar to wild-type LH/CG-R. In summary, these findings indicate a critical role of Tyr-601 in transmembrane signaling of LH/CG-R since an Ala replacement results in almost total abolition of cAMP production in response to human CG; prolines 562 and 591 also appear to be important for full signaling.
Therapeutic Effects of Intra-articular Botulinum Neurotoxin in Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis (2010)

IA BoNT/A provides a new therapeutic option for refractory pain in patients with advanced knee OA. Although IA BoNT/A appears to be effective and safe for the management of advanced knee OA, these results cannot be generalized to patients with mild knee joint pain or nonspecific soft tissue pain in the knee joint region.