gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power resource cooperation control considering wireless QoS for CDMA packet mobile communication systems (2003)

With the rapidly increasing demand for high-speed mobile multimedia and the need to support diversified requirements of users by packet communication systems, wireless quality of service (QoS) resource management becomes more and more indispensable, especially for the IMT-2000 system and beyond. In previous researches, QoS controls carried out independently at base stations have been proposed. However, in a CDMA packet communication system where channel capacity varies dynamically due to the variant interference level, QoS satisfaction and the system capacity may not be optimised while considering the entire system. In this paper, the essential factors of wireless QoS control are denoted and a wireless QoS resource management for packet mobile communications with base station power resource cooperation control is proposed. Computer simulation indicates that the QoS satisfaction rate and the system capacity are improved remarkably by the proposed scheme with base station power resource cooperation control. The improvement becomes ever larger when real-time and nonreal-time traffic distributed in an unbalanced manner, which further elucidates the effectiveness of the proposed resource cooperative control scheme.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of fluorine-free PAGs for 193-nm lithography (2010)

Photoacid generators (PAGs) are a key component in chemically amplified resists used in photolithography. Perfluorooctanesulfonates (PFOS) and other perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFAS) have been well adopted as PAGs in 193 nm photoresist. Recently, concerns have been raised about their environmental impact due to their chemical persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity. It is a general interest to find environmentally benign PAGs that are free of fluorine atoms. Here we describe the design, synthesis and characterization of a series of novel fluorine-free onium salts as PAGs for 193 nm photoresists. These PAGs demonstrated desirable physical and lithography properties when compared with PFAS-based PAGs for both dry and immersion exposures.
Transition from metal-DTH resistance to susceptibility is facilitated by NLRP3 inflammasome signaling induced Th17 reactivity: Implications for orthopedic implants (2019)

Metal hypersensitivity has been recognized as an adverse biologic reaction that can compromise total joint arthroplasty (TJA) performance. However, the etiology of metal hypersensitivity responses in TJAs remains unclear. Metal implant debris is known to act as a danger signal that drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It remains unknown if implant debris induced inflammasome activation regulates T cell lineage in TJA metal hypersensitivity responses. In this study, we show both in vivo and in vitro that the pathogenesis of metal hypersensitivity responses to implant debris are largely dependent on activation of the inflammasome/caspase-1 pathway and subsequent production of IL-17A/F by CD4+ T cells. Inhibiting either the inflammasome pathway or IL-17A bioactivity in vivo and in vitro (in vivo using NLRP3 and Caspase-1 deficient mice or in vitro using blocking agents such as Capase-1 inhibitor, IL-1Ra and anti-IL-17A), significantly (p<0.05) mitigated metal-DTH paw inflammation as well as lymphocyte cytokine (IFN-γ and IL-17) and proliferation responses in metal-sensitized mice and primary human PBMCs. This study provides mechanistic insight into how in vivo exposure to orthopedic implant debris, and metals in general, elicits NLRP3 inflammasome activation that mediates the generation of IL-17A/F producing CD4+ T cells, leading to metal-delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.
Design and analysis of MEMS tunable vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (2005)

We present revised widely-tunable vertical-cavity SOAs exhibiting a reduced tuning voltage and an increased wavelength tuning range. Additionally, detailed theoretical models have been developed and are shown to be in good agreement with experimental observations.
Dip-Pen Nanolithography: Controlling Surface Architecture on the Sub-100 Nanometer Length Scale (2001)

A new method for patterning surfaces with organic structures, termed "dip-pen" nanolithography (DPN), has been developed. DPN allows one to deliver collections of molecules to a surface in a positive printing mode. The technique offers 15 nm linewidths and 5 nm spatial resolution. Current capabilities and future applications of DPN are discussed.
CCD/CID Processors Would Offer Greater Precision (1995)

Charge-coupled-device/charge-injection-device (CCD/CID) data processors of proposed type offer advantages of massively parallel computational architecture and high computational speed typical of older CCD/CID data processors, but with increased precision. Useful in performing matrix vector multiplications in variety of applications, including solving partial differential equations, processing signal and image data, control computations, and neural-network simulations. Greater precision of proposed devices help to ensure accuracy in CCD/CID implementations of pseudospectral neural networks - particular class of artificial neural networks especially suited to solving nonlinear differential equations.
Characterization of Fluid Film Produced by an Atomization–Based Cutting Fluid (ACF) Spray System During Machining (2013)

The atomization–based cutting fluid (ACF) spray system has recently been proposed as a cooling and lubrication solution for machining hard to machine materials (e.g. titanium alloys). On the tool rake face, the ACF spray system forms a thin film from cutting fluid that penetrates into the tool–chip interface to improve tool life. The objective of this work is to characterize this thin fluid film in terms of thickness and velocity for sets of ACF spray parameters. ACF spray experiments are performed by varying impingement angle in order to observe the nature of the spreading film, and to determine the film thickness at different locations after impingement of the droplets. It is observed that the film spreads radially outward producing three fluid film development zones (i.e. impingement, steady, unsteady). The steady zone is found to be between 3 and 7 mm from the focus (impingement point) of the ACF spray for the set of parameters investigated. An analytical 3D thin fluid film model for the ACF spray system has also been developed based on the equations for continuity of mass and momentum. The model requires a unique treatment of the cross–film velocity profile, droplet impingement and pressure distributions, as well as a strong gas–liquid shear interaction. The thickness profiles predicted by the analytical film model have been validated. Moreover, the model predictions of film velocity and chip flow characteristics during a titanium turning experiment reveal that the fluid film can easily penetrate into the entire tool–chip interface with the use of the ACF spray system.
Effect of clindamycin and a live biotherapeutic on the reproductive outcomes of IVF patients with abnormal vaginal microbiota: protocol for a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial (2020)

ICH-GCP monitored trial, EudraCT 2016-002385-31; Pre-results.
Switchable transmissive and reflective liquid‐crystal display using a multi‐domain vertical alignment (2009)

Abstract— A wide‐view transflective liquid‐crystal display (LCD) capable of switching between transmissive and reflective modes in response to different ambient‐light conditions is proposed. This transflective LCD adopts a single‐cell‐gap multi‐domain vertical‐alignment (MVA) cell that exhibits high contrast ratio, wide‐viewing angle, and good light transmittance ( T ) and reflectance ( R ). Under proper cell optimization, a good match between the VT and VR curves can also be obtained for single‐gamma‐curve driving.
Utilization of Grape Pomace for Citric Acid Production by Solid State Fermentation (1986)

A solid state fermentation method has been developed and is described for citric acid production from grape pomace by <i>Aspergillus niger</i> NRRL 567. The yields of citric acid varied with the pomace varieties and were dependent on the amount of methanol present in the pomace and the fermentation time and temperature. Under optimum fermentation conditions, this method reduced the pomace dry matter by about 43% and yielded more than 90 g of citric acid per kg of grape pomace fermented. The yield was more than 60% based on the amount of fermentable sugar consumed. These results suggest that the use of grape pomace for fungal production of citric acid could represent an efficient method of minimizing the pomace disposal problems and concomitantly producing a commercially valuable organic acid.
Rogowski Coil performance characteristics for advanced relay protection (2008)

This paper presents Rogowski coil current sensor performance characteristics for advanced relay protection systems. Rogowski coils are specially designed to be immune to external electromagnetic fields. They are accurate and do not saturate. Principles of applications for phasor-based and traveling wave-based relaying schemes are presented. A companion paper [Kojovic, 2008] describes advanced protection schemes that incorporate Rogowski coils and multifunction relays.
Molecular Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Aflatoxins: A Possible Explanation for the Highest Sensitivity (2012)

We screened and established seven hybridoma cell lines that secrete anti-aflatoxin monoclonal antibodies with different sensitivities. Among these antibodies, 1C11 exhibited the highest sensitivity against all four major kinds of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) (IC(50) 0.0012-0.018 ng mL(-1) in the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, visual limit of detection of 0.03-0.25 ng mL(-1)). To better understand the interactions between these antibodies and aflatoxins, as well as to guide their potential sensitivity improvement in recombinant antibodies, we used multiple sequence alignment and molecular modeling combined with molecular docking to clarify the molecular mechanism of the highest sensitivity of 1C11 against aflatoxins. Our results show that hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction formed by Ser-H49 and Phe-H103 in the antibody with the hapten played the most important roles in determining the binding affinity. Further experiments performed on antibody mutants, designed on the basis of the computational models, supported the prediction of the interaction mode between the antibody and the hapten. Although the factors that influence antibody sensitivity are highly interdependent, our experimental and modeling studies clearly demonstrate how structural differences influence the binding properties of antibodies against the target hapten with different sensitivities.
Do antiviral CD8+ T cells select hepatitis C virus escape mutants? Analysis in diverse epitopes targeted by human intrahepatic CD8+ T lymphocytes (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a variable RNA virus that can readily establish persistent infection. Cellular immune responses are important in the early control of the virus. Evidence from animal models suggests that mutation in epitopes recognized by CD8+ T lymphocytes may play an important role in the establishment of persistence but in human persistent infection, equivalent evidence is lacking. We investigated this by analysing a unique resource: viruses from a set of chronically HCV-infected individuals in whom the CD8+ T-cell responses in liver had previously been accurately mapped. Virus was sequenced in seven individuals at 10 epitopes restricted by 10 human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Two main patterns emerged: in the majority of epitopes sequenced, no variation was seen. In three epitopes, mutations were identified which were compatible with immune escape as assessed using phylogenetic and/or functional studies. These data suggest that - even where specific intrahepatic T cells are detectable - many epitopes do not undergo mutation in chronic human infection. On the contrary, virus may escape from intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell responses in a 'patchy' manner in certain specific epitopes. Furthermore, longitudinal studies to identify the differences between 'selecting' and 'nonselecting' intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell responses are needed in HCV infection.
Fault Tolerance for Distributed and Networked Systems (2005)

The services provided by computers and communication networks are becoming more critical to our society. Such services increase the need for computers and their applications to operate reliably, even in the presence of faults. Fault tolerance is particularly important for distributed and networked systems (Mullender, 1993), including telecommunication, power distribution, transportation, manufacturing, and financial systems.
JG-ODNs, novel G-quartet oligonucleotides, inhibit HIF-1a and HIF-2a activity and suppress growth of pancreatic and prostate tumors (2007)

A52 BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is an important process in the progression and treatment resistance of many human cancers. Hypoxia inducible-factor-1 and 2 (HIF-1 and HIF-2) have pivotal roles in tumor promotion by up-regulating their target genes, which are involved in energy metabolism, angiogenesis, cell survival, cell invasion, and drug resistance. The subunits HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which are hypoxia-controlled, determine the level of HIF-1 and HIF-2 dimers and transcription of hypoxia-inducible genes. Using our rational drug design system, we have developed G-rich oligodeoxynucleotides (JG-ODNs) as potent inhibitors of HIF-1α and HIF-2α for human cancer therapy.  RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that (i) the compounds, JG243 and JG244 were effectively delivered in cancer cells using our novel delivery system. (ii) JG243 and JG244, which have been identified to form a chair G-quartet structure inside the cells, strongly inhibit the activation of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α (IC50s
High power linear pulsed beam annealer. [Patent application] (1980)

A high power pulsed electron beam system for annealing semiconductors is comprised of an electron gun having a heated cathode, control grid and focus ring for confining the pulsed beam of electrons to a predetermined area, and a curved drift tube. The drift tube and an annular Faraday shield between the focus ring and the drift tube are maintained at a high positive voltage with respect to the cathode to accelerate electrons passing through the focus ring, thereby eliminating space charge limitations on the emission of electrons from said gun. A coil surrounding the curved drift tube provides a magnetic field which maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the tube. The magnetic field produced by the coil around the curved tube imparts motion to electrons in a spiral path for shallow penetration of the electrons into a target. It also produces a scalloped profile of the electron beam. A second drift tube spaced a predetermined distance from the curved tube is positioned with its axis aligned with the axis of the first drift tube. The second drift tube and the target holder are maintained at a reference voltage between the cathode voltage and the curved tube voltagemore » to decelerate the electrons. A second coil surrounding the second drift tube, maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the second drift tube. The magnetic field of the second coil comprises the electron beam to the area of the semiconductor on the target holder.« less
Portfolio Theory in Millimeter-Wave Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission (2021)

This paper introduces Portfolio Theory, a tool in finance, as a solution to power allocation transmitters in coordinated multi-point (CoMP) systems to combat the link loss and variation of directional millimeter-wave (MMW) signals. With this theory, the mean-variance performance of the receiving power in CoMP transmission can be optimized by choosing portfolios along the efficient frontier. The method is experimentally demonstrated in a 2x1 CoMP transmission system operating at 28 GHz, in which the average receiving power is improved by 20% and the power deviation is improved by 16% by using the proposed method.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptidyl Carbamates Incorporating Amino Acid Isosteres as Novel Elastase Inhibitors. (1987)

Abstract The activated ester (III) is converted to the dipeptide (V).
Recent progress in large-scale optical switches for intra-datacenter interconnection (2016)

Intra-datacenter traffic is growing more than 20% a year. In typical datacenters, a large number of top-of-rack switches are interconnected via multi-tier electrical switches. The electrical switches necessitate power-consuming optical-to-electrical (OE) and electrical-to-optical (EO) conversion. In addition, the power consumption increases with the growing traffic. To overcome this problem, optical switches that eliminate costly OE and EO conversion and enable low-power-consumption switching are being investigated. The most important requirement for the optical switch is scalability. It must have a high port count cost-effectively so as to construct reduced tierintra-datacenter networks since flatter network simplifies control complexity and reduces latency. Among various optical switches, we focus on a combination of delivery-and-coupling switches and wavelength-routing (WR) switches since the total switch scale can be given by a product of both switch scales. We have been working on WR switches based on tunable lasers and arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs). The AWG-based wavelength routing can offer low-power switching since AWG is a passive device. The AWG-based switch can be classified into two types: Either cyclic AWG or non-cyclic AWG is utilized. The former scheme utilizes multiple small-scale cyclic AWGs to construct a large-scale WR switch. Although passband-frequency deviation of cyclic AWGs is unavoidable,we can effectively suppress it thanks to the use of small-scale cyclic AWGs. The latter one exploits non-cyclic and single-input-port AWG to perfectly avoid frequency deviation. To compensate the shortage of the number of the input ports, a coupler for wavelength-signal aggregation and an optical amplifier for coupler-loss compensation are introduced. Thanks to the introduction of optical amplifier, we can also compensate the loss of the coupler in the DC-switch part, which enables us to enlarge the DC-switch scale. In this paper, we report optical-switch configurations which are recently developed and implemented by our group and discuss their features in terms of scalability.
A New Battery/UltraCapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric, Hybrid, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2011)

In this paper, a new battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed for electric drive vehicles including electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Compared to the conventional HESS design, which uses a larger dc/dc converter to interface between the ultracapacitor and the battery/dc link to satisfy the real-time peak power demands, the proposed design uses a much smaller dc/dc converter working as a controlled energy pump to maintain the voltage of the ultracapacitor at a value higher than the battery voltage for the most city driving conditions. The battery will only provide power directly when the ultracapacitor voltage drops below the battery voltage. Therefore, a relatively constant load profile is created for the battery. In addition, the battery is not used to directly harvest energy from the regenerative braking; thus, the battery is isolated from frequent charges, which will increase the life of the battery. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the proposed system.
The impact of adaptive guards for 5G and beyond (2017)

The next generation communication systems are evolving towards an increased flexibility in different aspects. Enhanced flexibility is the key in order to address diverse requirements. This paper presents the significance of adaptive guards considering a windowed-OFDM system which supports a variety of services operating asynchronously under the same network. The windowing approach requires a guard duration to suppress the out-ofband emissions (OOBE), and the guard band is required to handle the adjacent channel interference (ACI) along with the windowing. The guards in both time and frequency domains are optimized with respect to the use case and power offset between the users. To fully exploit and further increase the potential of adaptive guards, an interference-based scheduling algorithm is proposed as well. The results show that the precise design that facilitates such flexibility reduce the guards significantly and boost the spectral efficiency.
Monitoring neonatal bilirubinemia using an optical patch (1990)

Hyperbiirubinemia is a serious condition affecting many neonates, andthere is a clinical need to monitor the bilirubin levels in susceptible infants. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry by means of an optical patch taped onto the skin would offer an inexpensive, non-invasive method to measure the bilirubin levels in infants. Such a system should give reliable bilirubin readings invariant with the melanin pigmentation, water content, and condition of the skin. We have determined the optical properties of neonatal skin. We are using these optical properties to create scaled phantom models of the skin, and to conduct Monte Carlo computer simulations of light propagation in skin. These models are being used to study how reflectance spectroscopy is affected by the spatial distribution of absorbing chromophores in the skin, and by the wavelength dependence of light collection.
METHOD AND SYSTEM TO REDUCE NOISE IN PHASED-ARRAY SIGNALS FROM RECEIVERS LOCATED AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS (2017)

The present invention is notably directed to a computerized method to reduce noise in phased- array signals from a set of receivers at different locations. Time-series are received from the receivers, which time-series form phased-array signals. The time-series are ordered based on the different locations of the receivers and spatially phased series are obtained from the ordered time- series. Each of the spatially phased series obtained comprises a series of signal values that are spatially phased. A noise component is identified in each of the spatially phased series obtained and removed from the spatially phased series to obtain denoised series. The invention is further directed to related receiver systems and computer program products.
Multidimensional Optical Fractionation of Colloidal Particles with Holographic Verification (2010)

The trajectories of colloidal particles driven through a periodic potential energy landscape can become kinetically locked-in to directions dictated by the landscape's symmetries. When the landscape is realized with a structured light field, the path a given particle follows has been predicted to depend exquisitely sensitively on such properties as the particle's size and refractive index. We confirm these predictions by measuring the transport of colloidal silica spheres through arrays of holographic optical traps, using holographic video microscopy to track individual spheres' motions in three dimensions and simultaneously to measure each sphere's radius and refractive index with part-per-thousand resolution. These measurements demonstrate optical fractionation's ability to sort with part-per-thousand resolution on multiple characteristics simultaneously.