gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of normal bone development by human homologue of collagen type II (COL2A1) gene in Col2a1 null mice (1999)

Development of the vertebrate skeleton is a highly complex process in which collagen type II plays a vital role in the formation of long bones via endochondral ossification. Collagen type II, which is encoded by a single COL2A1/ Col2a1 gene, is the most abundant structural protein in the cartilage matrix, where it undergoes complex interactions with several other proteins. The sequence of mature collagen type II chains, each with about 1,100 amino acids, is conserved between different mammalian species. There are 37 amino acid positions that are different between mouse and human collagen type II. Previously, we have demonstrated that transgenic mice, in which Col2a1 gene is knocked out, exhibit a lethal phenotype due to the absence of endochondral bone formation. To investigate whether the biological role of collagen type II is conserved between the species, human COL2A1 gene was expressed in Col2a1 null mice by crossing with transgenic mice in which human COL2A1 gene was integrated. The collagen type II from human gene rescued the lethal phenotype in null mice, indicating that the biological function of collagen type II is conserved between human and mouse. The animals exhibited normal endochondral bone formation and a normal growth plate in tibio-tarsal joint. Chondrocytes isolated from the cartilage of these mice secreted human protein, suggesting that the animals incorporated heterologous protein to form cartilage which is essentially "humanized." The animals reached puberty and produced normal progeny. A completely normal phenotype in newborns indicates that human COL2A1 gene is expressed properly both temporally and spatially. These animals may be useful to generate models to study the effect of COL2A1 mutations on skeletal development in humans by introducing mutated gene constructs either into embryos or by crossing with transgenic animals with COL2A1 mutations.
Refined automatic white balancing (2007)

An efficient automatic white balancing solution for captured image correction is introduced. Colour information of the digital camera image is adjusted using both the local and global spectral characteristics of the captured visual data. Experimentation indicates that the proposed solution produces visually-pleasing colour images.
Rapidly crosslinkerable bio-inspired adhesives for biomedical applications (2012)

A new three component bio-inspired adhesive was synthesized. The new adhesive is a terpolymer composed of water sol. segment, interfacial segment and crosslinking segment. Strong wet adhesion properties are obtained utilizing 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA) moiety as the interfacial segment. Polyacrylic acid provides high water soly., thanks to strong ionic interactions with water. Acrylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS) was included in the adhesive polymer to allow rapid crosslinking with thiol terminated, 3-armed polyethylene glycol crosslinking agents. Thiol terminal PEG was designed to have bulky vol. to avoid possible penetration of mols. to the cell and tissue. NHS and thiol group react very rapidly within 30 s to form covalent bonds. This rapid NHS-thiol group reaction formed mech. stable crosslinked adhesives which have strong wet adhesion properties. Lap shear strength test on wet porcine skin demonstrated a 190 % increased value in adhesion strength for adhesives having the DOPA moiety. After crosslinking, adhesion enhanced by 450 % over poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylic acid NHS) and 240 % higher than uncrosslinked poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylic acid NHS-co-DOPA).
Majority-Inverter Graph (2014)

In this paper, we present Majority-Inverter Graph (MIG), a novel logic representation structure for efficient optimization of Boolean functions. An MIG is a directed acyclic graph consisting of three-input majority nodes and regular/complemented edges. We show that MIGs include any AND/OR/Inverter Graphs (AOIGs), containing also the well-known AIGs. In order to support the natural manipulation of MIGs, we introduce a new Boolean algebra, based exclusively on majority and inverter operations, with a complete axiomatic system. Theoretical results show that it is possible to explore the entire MIG representation space by using only five primitive transformation rules. Such feature opens up a great opportunity for logic optimization and synthesis. We showcase the MIG potential by proposing a delay-oriented optimization technique. Experimental results over MCNC benchmarks show that MIG optimization reduces the number of logic levels by 18%, on average, with respect to AIG optimization performed by ABC academic tool. Employed in a traditional optimization-mapping circuit synthesis flow, MIG optimization enables an average reduction of {22%, 14%, 11%} in the estimated {delay, area, power} metrics, before physical design, as compared to academic/commercial synthesis flows.
Array codes with progressive redundancy (2002)

It is observed that although the conventional product code scheme offers very good error protection, it contains excessive redundancy, due to the fact that the "inner" code provides the "outer" code with information on many error patterns that exceed the correction capability of the outer code. A coding scheme is presented where this excess redundancy is eliminated. The savings amount in some cases to a reduction of almost 50% in the number of redundant symbols.
A Study of a Variable Compression Ratio System with a Multi-Link Mechanism (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a variable compression ratio (VCR) system that has a new piston-crankshaft mechanism with multiple links. This multi-link mechanism varies the piston position at top dead center (TDC), making it possible to change the compression ratio of the engine continuously. Previous attempts have been made to achieve variable compression ratio with this type of method, but it was difficult to avoid various undesirable effects such as an increase in the engine size, substantial weight increases, increased engine block vibration due to a worsening of piston acceleration characteristics and increased friction resulting from a larger number of sliding parts. At the stage of developing the basic design of the multi-link geometry, emphasis was placed on selection of a suitable link geometry and optimization of the detailed dimensions with the aim of essentially resolving these previous issues. As a result of the studies conducted at that stage, a VCR link geometry was found that optimally resolves these various issues. Besides achieving the desired VCR capability, this VCR system also provides several new and additional benefits including:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">(1)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">a reduction of second-order vibration by making the piston stroke resemble simple harmonic motion (similar to second-order balancer function);</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">(2)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">lower piston friction loss as a result of reducing the piston-side thrust load in the expansion stroke; and</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">(3)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">a compact package that can be housed in the crankcase of existing engines.</div> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The basic characteristics of a prototype VCR engine that incorporates these new benefits are described on the basis of a theoretical analysis and experimental results obtained in tests conducted with the prototype engine.</div>
Mg x Zn 1-x O epitaxial films grown on ZnO substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (2008)

Thin films of ZnO and Mg<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>1-x</sub>O were epitaxially grown on Zn-polar ZnO substrates by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The miscut of c-plane ZnO substrates toward the [1-100] axis direction leads to a flat substrate surface with straight step edges. The growth mode of epitaxial ZnO films significantly depended on the growth temperature, and a substrate temperature over 800°C was needed for flat film surfaces with monolayer-height steps. Photoluminescence (PL) peak originating from the n = 2 state of A-free excitons was observed at 12 K for the ZnO films grown under stoichiometric and O-rich growth conditions. Mg<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>1-x</sub>O films were also fabricated under Zn-rich conditions. The film surface exhibited a step-and-terrace structure. The effective PL lifetime of Mg<sub>0.08</sub>Zn<sub>0.92</sub>O film was as long as 1.9 ns, which is the highest value ever reported, presumably due to a high purity level of the film.
Vector intensity reconstructions in a volume surrounding a rigid spherical microphone array (2010)

A technique is described to image the vector intensity in the near field of a spherical array of microphones flush mounted in a rigid sphere. The spatially measured pressure is decomposed into Fourier harmonics in order to reconstruct the volumetric vector intensity outside the sphere. The theory for this reconstruction is developed in this paper. The resulting intensity images are very successful at locating and quantifying unknown exterior acoustic sources, ideal for application in noise control problems in interior spaces such as automobiles and airplanes. Arrays of varying numbers of microphones and radii are considered and compared and errors are computed for both theory and experiment. It is demonstrated that this is an ill-posed problem below a cutoff frequency depending on array design, requiring Tikhonov regularization below cutoff. There is no low frequency limit on operation, although the signal-to-noise ratio is the determining factor for high-spatial resolution at low frequencies. It is shown that the upper frequency limit is set by the number of microphones in the array and is independent of noise. The accuracy of the approach is assessed by considering the exact solution for the scattering of a point source by a rigid sphere. Several field experiments are presented to demonstrate the utility of the technique. In these experiments, the partial field decomposition technique is used and holograms of multiple exterior sources are separated and their individual volumetric intensity fields imaged. In this manner, the intensity fields of two uncorrelated tube sources in an anechoic chamber are isolated from one another and separated intensity maps are obtained from over a broad frequency range. In a practical application, the vector intensity field in the interior of an automobile cabin is mapped at the fundamental of the engine vibration using the rigid sphere positioned at the driver's head. The source regions contributing to the interior cabin noise are identified.
Magnetic resonance imaging of frozen tissues: Temperature‐dependent MR signal characteristics and relevance for MR monitoring of cryosurgery (1999)

Previously, the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of frozen tissues created during cryosurgery has been described as a signal void. In this work, very short echo times (1.2 msec) allowed MR signals from frozen tissues to be measured at temperatures down to −35°C. Ex vivo bovine liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and water were imaged at steady-state temperatures from −78° to +6°C. Signal intensity, T2*, and T1 were measured using gradient-echo imaging. Signal intensity and T2* decrease monotonically with temperature. In the future, these MR parameters may be useful for mapping temperatures during cryosurgery. Magn Reson Med 41:627–630, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MEMS-based quartz oscillators and filters for on-chip integration (2005)

We report on the development of a new microelectronicmechanical system (MEMS)-based quartz resonator technology that allows for the processing and integration of VHF to UHF high-Q oscillators and filters with high-speed silicon or III-V electronics. This paper describes the first demonstration of prototype oscillators and filters using this newly developed technology. We present impedance, Q, and temperature sensitivity data of UHF resonators along with phase noise and Allan deviation measurements. Our first 2-pole filter data showing low insertion loss are also presented. Finally, the results of power handling measurements are described for applications where high levels of background signals are present.
Pure rotational stimulated Raman photoacoustic spectroscopy (1979)

Pure rotational spectra of CO2 and N2O have been recorded by utilizing sensitive photoacoustic techniques to detect energy deposited in the gas sample as rotational excitation by stimulated Raman scattering. The unique features of this technique are its potential for high resolution and the complete absence of any signal that is due to Rayleigh scattering.
Single Molecule Identification and Quantification of Glycosaminoglycans Using Solid-State Nanopores (2019)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of polysaccharides with potent biological activities. Due to their complex and heterogeneous composition, varied charge, polydispersity, and presence of isobaric stereoisomers, the analysis of GAG samples poses considerable challenges to current analytical techniques. In the present study, we combined solid-state nanopores-a single molecule sensor with a support vector machine (SVM)-a machine learning algorithm for the analysis of GAGs. Our results indicate that the nanopore/SVM technique could distinguish between monodisperse fragments of heparin and chondroitin sulfate with high accuracy (>90%), allowing as low as 0.8% (w/w) of chondroitin sulfate impurities in a heparin sample to be detected. In addition, the nanopore/SVM technique distinguished between unfractionated heparin (UFH) and enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin) with an accuracy of ∼94% on average. With a reference sample for calibration, a nanopore could achieve nanomolar sensitivity and a 5-Log dynamic range. We were able to quantify heparin with reasonable accuracy using multiple nanopores. Our studies demonstrate the potential of the nanopore/SVM technique to quantify and identify GAGs.
Strain-compensation in closely stacked quantum dot active regions grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (2006)

In this paper, we describe the results of using strain-compensation (SC) for closely-stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) structures. The effects of the (In)GaP SC layers has been investigated using several methods. High-resolution x-ray diffractometry (XRD) quantifies the values of experimental strain reduction compared to calculations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that the SC layer improves both QD uniformity and reduces defect density. Furthermore, increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity has been observed from compensated structure. The use of Indium-flushing to dissolve large defect islands prevent further defect propagation in stacked QD active region. Room-temperature ground-state lasing at emission wavelengths of 1227-1249 nm have been realized with threshold current densities of 208-550 A/cm<sup>2</sup> for 15-20 nm spacing structures.
Method for counting noble gas atoms with isotopic selectivity (1985)

A method has been developed for direct counting of noble gas atoms and has been demonstrated for selected isotopes of krypton. In principle, a few atoms of the noble gases argon, krypton, xenon and radon can now be counted with isotopic selectivity whether stable or radioactive. A concept was originated in which a laser method would be used to count noble gas atoms of a particular isotope that are moving freely in an enclosure. As the concept developed, a parallel with Maxwell's sorting demon became quite obvious since the plan was to sort out only atoms of a given type (Z selection), e.g. krypton atoms, from any other atom in the enclosure and then to sort the atom by isotope (A selection) before removing the atoms from the gas compartment. The plan was to count each atom as it was stored in a target until all atoms were counted.
Novel Esters and Amides of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Carboxylic Acids as Antioxidants and Antiproliferative Agents (1999)

A series of phenolic antioxidant ester and amide derivatives of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug naproxen was designed to have both antiinflammatory and cytoprotective activity. Compounds were evaluated in vitro both for antioxidant activity, as assessed indirectly by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation in a membrane lipid peroxidation assay, and for antiproliferative activity, as indexed by the inhibition of DNA synthesis in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. Compounds of this series exhibited potent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values (1.6-11.63 microM) 2-6-fold lower than that of Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5, 7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) and 400-1300-fold lower than that of vitamin E. Structural modifications of the ester or amide substructure (5a and 6a) did not affect antioxidant activity, but methylation of the 6-hydroxy substituent resulted in compound 6f which was devoid of antioxidant activity. Although indistinguishable in antioxidant activity, the amide derivatives tended to be more potent as antiproliferative agents than the corresponding esters. The IC50's for the amide derivatives (3, 5a-e, 8) ranged from 2 to 7 microM, while the IC50's for the structurally related esters (1, 2a-c, 6a-e) ranged from 9 to 22 microM. Moreover, studies with compound 6a indicate that the observed inhibition of DNA synthesis is reversible, suggesting that the antiproliferative activity is due to a cytostatic rather than cytotoxic activity of the compounds. Thus, the antioxidant-naproxen derivatives represent a novel series of agents that both protect against free-radical damage and possess cytostatic activity in vascular endothelial cells. Studies are in progress to assess the utility of these compounds as potential components of an ocular irrigating solution.
Distributed mobility management in vehicular networks (2014)

Conventional networks are deployed through hierarchical architectures, which in many cases deal with centralized mobility anchoring models to ensure IP session continuity and IP reachability to mobile devices. Current IP mobility management is based on a centralized and static mobility anchor, which is a single point of failure that can introduce long delays and high management signaling. IP mobility management needs to cope with the evolution of mobile network architectures towards flatten architectural models. Thus, novel distributed mobility models have been proposed to distribute the mobility anchors closer to the end-user.
Coma-Compensated Telescope With Vertex Chopping (1987)

New design for chopped-infrared astronomical telescope reduces coma to increase image quality. Coma introduced by tilting cancelled by shaping of secondary mirror to introduce equal but opposite amount of coma independent of tilt angle. Because of this measure, telescope performance on axis remains limited mainly by diffraction.
Introducing Network Multi-Tenancy for Cloud-Based Enterprise Resource Planning: An IoT Application (2018)

The cloud service providers make a considerable investment in setting up the data centers backbone network with the aim to maximize the network resource. However, the actual utilization of the network resources is hard to predict. With the invent of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow protocol, the network control layer has got the capability to communicate with the applications or services which are offered by the service provider. Moreover, a Software Defined Data center suggests resource virtualization at computing, storage, and network layer. The multi-tenancy is a well-accepted architecture in cloud computing where a single instance of a software application serves multiple customers. This work is a first of its kind, which aims at maximizing the network resources with respect to multi-tenancy at the network layer. In this work, with network multi-tenancy, different customers IoT traffic flows are prioritized, and then network resources are allocated to the traffic flows dynamically based on the priority. We considered a scenario of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solutions deployed in the cloud which offers services in the form of Software as a Service to the customers. The IoT devices deployed at the manufacturing site makes transactions on the cloud ERP. This work focuses on prioritizing the ERP- IoT traffic to meets the demands of a multi-tenant data center network. The ERP-IoT flows are prioritized using a regression based machine learning technique for predicting the response time for execution of a query caused by a traffic flow in the ERP backend server. Later, the ERP-IoT flows are assigned to multiple queues created on each network device in data center. This assignment is performed based on the traffic flow priority and Demand & Supply scores, which aims at maximizing network resource utilization. During performance evaluation, we observed that the proposed work with network multi-tenancy shows more than 10% increase in service providers utility with respect to standard data center single queue operations.
Fault finding in analogue circuits (1989)

Describes work to develop methods for detecting and locating faults in analogue circuits which use minimal probing and only voltage measurements. The method developed uses only descriptions of the correct behaviour so that provided the description is appropriately constrained, any type of fault is detectable. >
A Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene-Based Multiplex PCR Assay for <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>, <i>C. fetus</i>, <i>C. coli</i>, <i>C. upsaliensis</i>, <i>C. hyointestinalis</i>, and <i>C. lari</i> (2015)

In this study, we devised a multiplex PCR assay based on the gene of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) B subunit to simultaneously detect and discriminate Campylobacter jejuni, C. fetus, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. hyointestinalis, and C. lari. Species-specific PCR products were successfully obtained from all 38 C. jejuni, 12 C. fetus, 39 C. coli, 22 C. upsaliensis, 24 C. hyointestinalis, and 7 C. lari strains tested. On the other hand, no specific PCR products were obtained from other campylobacters and bacterial species tested (41 strains in total). The proposed multiplex PCR assay is a valuable tool for detection and descrimination of 6 major Campylobacter species, that are associated with gastrointestinal diseases in humans.
Quantum well infrared photodetector research and development at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1998)

One of the simplest device realizations of the classic particle-in-the-box problem of basic quantum mechanics is the Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP). In this paper we discuss the optimization of the detector design, material growth and processing that has culminated in realization of 15 micron cutoff 128 X 128 QWIP focal plane array camera, hand-held and palmsize 256 X 256 long-wavelength QWIP cameras and 648 X 480 long-wavelength camera, holding forth great promise for myriad applications in 6 - 25 micron wavelength range in science, medicine, defense and industry. In addition, we present the recent developments in broadband QWIPs, mid-wavelength/long-wavelength dualband QWIPs, long- wavelength/very long-wavelength dualband QWIPs, and high quantum efficiency QWIPs for low background applications in 4 - 26 micrometer wavelength region for NASA and DOD applications.