gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy in the human eye (2011)

Wavefront sensor noise and fidelity place a fundamental limit on achievable image quality in current adaptive optics ophthalmoscopes. Additionally, the wavefront sensor 'beacon' can interfere with visual experiments. We demonstrate real-time (25 Hz), wavefront sensorless adaptive optics imaging in the living human eye with image quality rivaling that of wavefront sensor based control in the same system. A stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm directly optimized the mean intensity in retinal image frames acquired with a confocal adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). When imaging through natural, undilated pupils, both control methods resulted in comparable mean image intensities. However, when imaging through dilated pupils, image intensity was generally higher following wavefront sensor-based control. Despite the typically reduced intensity, image contrast was higher, on average, with sensorless control. Wavefront sensorless control is a viable option for imaging the living human eye and future refinements of this technique may result in even greater optical gains.
Torsional vibration damper, particularly for the clutch disk of a motor vehicle friction disk clutch (1985)

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Simplified Laser Tuning (1984)

Tuning arrangement employs single grating and two planar mirrors. Arrangement of front-surface mirrors and single holographic grating significantly reduces spectral bandwidth and simplified tuning of laser output. Laser used to induce fluorescence in measuring concentrations of trace species, such as OH radical, in atmosphere.
An Antagonistic Pair of <i>FT</i> Homologs Mediates the Control of Flowering Time in Sugar Beet (2010)

Cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) are unable to form reproductive shoots during the first year of their life cycle. Flowering only occurs if plants get vernalized, that is, pass through the winter, and are subsequently exposed to an increasing day length (photoperiod) in spring. Here, we show that the regulation of flowering time in beets is controlled by the interplay of two paralogs of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene in Arabidopsis that have evolved antagonistic functions. BvFT2 is functionally conserved with FT and essential for flowering. In contrast, BvFT1 represses flowering and its down-regulation is crucial for the vernalization response in beets. These data suggest that the beet has evolved a different strategy relative to Arabidopsis and cereals to regulate vernalization.
Raman spectroscopic detection of peripheral nerves towards nerve-sparing surgery (2017)

The peripheral nervous system plays an important role in motility, sensory, and autonomic functions of the human body. Preservation of peripheral nerves in surgery, namely nerve-sparing surgery, is now promising technique to avoid functional deficits of the limbs and organs following surgery as an aspect of the improvement of quality of life of patients. Detection of peripheral nerves including myelinated and unmyelinated nerves is required for the nerve-sparing surgery; however, conventional nerve identification scheme is sometimes difficult to identify peripheral nerves due to similarity of shape and color to non-nerve tissues or its limited application to only motor peripheral nerves. To overcome these issues, we proposed a label-free detection technique of peripheral nerves by means of Raman spectroscopy. We found several fingerprints of peripheral myelinated and unmyelinated nerves by employing a modified principal component analysis of typical spectra including myelinated nerve, unmyelinated nerve, and adjacent tissues. We finally realized the sensitivity of 94.2% and the selectivity of 92.0% for peripheral nerves including myelinated and unmyelinated nerves against adjacent tissues. Although further development of an intraoperative Raman spectroscopy system is required for clinical use, our proposed approach will serve as a unique and powerful tool for peripheral nerve detection for nerve-sparing surgery in the future.
Meta-Sim: Learning to Generate Synthetic Datasets (2020)

© 2019 IEEE. Training models to high-end performance requires availability of large labeled datasets, which are expensive to get. The goal of our work is to automatically synthesize labeled datasets that are relevant for a downstream task. We propose Meta-Sim, which learns a generative model of synthetic scenes, and obtain images as well as its corresponding ground-truth via a graphics engine. We parametrize our dataset generator with a neural network, which learns to modify attributes of scene graphs obtained from probabilistic scene grammars, so as to minimize the distribution gap between its rendered outputs and target data. If the real dataset comes with a small labeled validation set, we additionally aim to optimize a meta-objective, i.e. downstream task performance. Experiments show that the proposed method can greatly improve content generation quality over a human-engineered probabilistic scene grammar, both qualitatively and quantitatively as measured by performance on a downstream task.
Scope and limitation of the copper free thermal Huisgen cross-linking reaction to stabilize the chromophores orientation in electro-optic polymers (2010)

New methacrylate copolymers incorporating two complementary thermally cross-linkable groups (azide or ethynyl) for implementation in electro-optic devices were synthesized and their nonlinear optical properties were investigated. These copolymers were prepared from a monomer containing Disperse Red 1 (DR1) as active NLO chromophore which is end substituted either by an azide or ethynyl group connected via a rigid (phenyl) or flexible spacer (alkyl chain). The second monomer is either a trimethylsilyl-propargyl methacrylate, or an azidopropyl methacrylate or a trimethylsilyl-phenyl methacrylate. The determination of the reactivity ratios showed that the monomer containing the DR1 chromophore is more reactive than trimethylsilyl-propargyl methacrylate. The cross-linking temperatures of these polymers range from 150 °C to 187 °C depending on the rigidity of the spacers connecting the cross-linkable units. These polymers displayed relatively high macroscopic electro-optic stability, enhanced upon cross-linking by more than 40 °C relative to non-cross-linked polymers. The results underscore the importance of the flexibility of the spacers to achieve the stable bulk electro-optic response. While rigidity is favorable to maintain the orientation of the chromophores, the optimal polymer is the one containing a flexible and a rigid spacer, since the mobility of the reactive groups is a key parameter which guarantees a high cross-linking conversion within the polymer. This study demonstrates the versatility of this new cross-linking process because we showed that the reactive groups (azide or trimethylsilylacetylated groups) can be interconverted (on the chromophore or as polymer side chain) with no change on the overall electro-optic activity and its thermal stability. Furthermore, preliminary kinetic study indicates that the Huisgen reaction rate can be controlled by the substituent on the ethynyl group opening the possibility to tune the cross-linking temperature by the careful choice of this substituent.
Nanoconfined β-Sheets Mechanically Reinforce the Supra-Biomolecular Network of Robust Squid Sucker Ring Teeth (2014)

The predatory efficiency of squid and cuttlefish (superorder Decapodiformes) is enhanced by robust Sucker Ring Teeth (SRT) that perform grappling functions during prey capture. Here, we show that SRT are composed entirely of related structural “suckerin” proteins whose modular designs enable the formation of nanoconfined β-sheet-reinforced polymer networks. Thirty-seven previously undiscovered suckerins were identified from transcriptomes assembled from three distantly related decapodiform cephalopods. Similarity in modular sequence design and exon–intron architecture suggests that suckerins are encoded by a multigene family. Phylogenetic analysis supports this view, revealing that suckerin genes originated in a common ancestor ~350 MYa and indicating that nanoconfined β-sheet reinforcement is an ancient strategy to create robust bulk biomaterials. X-ray diffraction, nanomechanical, and micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm that the modular design of the suckerins facilitates the formation of β-sheets of precise nanoscale dimensions and enables their assembly into structurally robust supramolecular networks stabilized by cooperative hydrogen bonding. The suckerin gene family has likely played a key role in the evolutionary success of decapodiform cephalopods and provides a large molecular toolbox for biomimetic materials engineering.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of new platinum complexes (1982)

A new type of antitumor platinum complex has been prepared and examined for antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia both in vitro and in vivo. The coordination environment of platinum in these complexes consists of three anionic chloride ions and a positively charged amine. The positive charge is introduced by monoprotonation or monoalkylation of a diamine. Platinum(IV) derivatives have been prepared for several of the complexes, and a water-soluble sulfate derivative has been prepared for one of them. Several of these complexes exhibit significant in vitro activity, and trichloro(3-aminoquinuclidinium)platinum(II) (QTP) exhibits significant in vivo activity as well. An increase in life span of approximately 40% has been observed using QTP. QTP is toxic at doses slightly in excess of effective doses.
Large Format Narrow-Band, Multi-Band, and Broad-Band LWIR QWIP Focal Planes for Space and Earth Science Applications (2004)

A 640x512 pixel, long-wavelength cutoff, narrow-band (delta(lambda)/approx. 10%) quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA), a four-band QWIP FPA in the 4-16 m spectral region, and a broad-band (delta(lambda)/approx. 42%) QWIP FPA having 15.4 m cutoff have been demonstrated.
Discovery of CC-90011: A Potent and Selective Reversible Inhibitor of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) (2020)

Histone demethylase LSDl (KDMlA) belongs to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) dependent family of monoamine oxidases and is vital in regulation of mammalian biology. Dysregulation and overexpression of LSD1 are hallmarks of a number of human diseases, particularly cancers that are characterized as morphologically poorly differentiated. As such, inhibitors of LSD1 have potential to be beneficial as a cancer therapy. The most clinically advanced inhibitors of LSDl are covalent inhibitors derived from tranylcypromine (TCP). Herein, we report the discovery of a novel series of reversible and selective LSDl inhibitors. Exploration of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and optimization of ADME properties resulted in the identification of clinical candidate CC-90011. CC-90011 exhibits potent on-target induction of cellular differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines, and antitumor efficacy in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) SCLC models. CC-90011 is currently in phase 2 trials in patients with first line, extensive stage SCLC (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03850067).
Supporting ranking pattern-based aggregate queries in sequence data cubes (2009)

In recent years, the warehousing and online-analytical processing (OLAP) of archived sequence data have received growing attentions. In particular, the concept of sequence OLAP is recently proposed with the objective of evaluating various kinds of so-called Pattern-Based Aggregate (PBA) queries so that various kinds of data analytical tasks on sequence data can be carried out efficiently. This paper studies the evaluation of ranking PBA queries, which rank the results of PBA queries and return only the top-ranked ones to users. We discuss how ranking PBA queries drastically improve the usability of S-OLAP systems and present techniques that can evaluate various kinds of ranking PBA queries efficiently.
Rapid Identification Of A Point Mutation Of The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Catalase-Peroxidase (katG) Gene Associated With Isoniazid Resistance (1995)

The complete catalase-peroxidase (katG) gene DNA sequence was determined for 15 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a wide range of susceptibility to isoniazid. Five of 9 strains with isoniazid MICs > or = 1.0 microgram/mL had one or more missense mutations and all 5 strains had a common G-->T transversion in codon 463, causing the replacement of arginine with leucine and the loss of an NciI or MspI restriction site. None of 6 strains with an isoniazid MIC < 1.0 microgram/mL had mutations affecting codon 463. Restriction analysis of 43 strains with isoniazid MICs > or = 1.0 microgram/mL showed that 19 (44.2%) had lost the NciI-MspI restriction site at the locus of codon 463 while only 1 of 32 strains with isoniazid MICs < or = 1.0 microgram/L had this restriction polymorphism. These results indicate that the mutation arginine-->leucine in codon 463 of the catalase-peroxidase gene occurs in a significant fraction (44.2%) of M. tuberculosis strains with isoniazid MICs > or = 1.0 microgram/mL.
Enhanced Fuel-Optimal Trajectory-Generation Algorithm for Planetary Pinpoint Landing (2011)

An enhanced algorithm is developed that builds on a previous innovation of fuel-optimal powered-descent guidance (PDG) for planetary pinpoint landing. The PDG problem is to compute constrained, fuel-optimal trajectories to land a craft at a prescribed target on a planetary surface, starting from a parachute cut-off point and using a throttleable descent engine. The previous innovation showed the minimal-fuel PDG problem can be posed as a convex optimization problem, in particular, as a Second-Order Cone Program, which can be solved to global optimality with deterministic convergence properties, and hence is a candidate for onboard implementation. To increase the speed and robustness of this convex PDG algorithm for possible onboard implementation, the following enhancements are incorporated: 1) Fast detection of infeasibility (i.e., control authority is not sufficient for soft-landing) for subsequent fault response. 2) The use of a piecewise-linear control parameterization, providing smooth solution trajectories and increasing computational efficiency. 3) An enhanced line-search algorithm for optimal time-of-flight, providing quicker convergence and bounding the number of path-planning iterations needed. 4) An additional constraint that analytically guarantees inter-sample satisfaction of glide-slope and non-sub-surface flight constraints, allowing larger discretizations and, hence, faster optimization. 5) Explicit incorporation of Mars rotation rate into the trajectory computation for improved targeting accuracy. These enhancements allow faster convergence to the fuel-optimal solution and, more importantly, remove the need for a human-in-the-loop, as constraints will be satisfied over the entire path-planning interval independent of step-size (as opposed to just at the discrete time points) and infeasible initial conditions are immediately detected. Finally, while the PDG stage is typically only a few minutes, ignoring the rotation rate of Mars can introduce 10s of meters of error. By incorporating it, the enhanced PDG algorithm becomes capable of pinpoint targeting.
Temporal solitons for frequency comb generation in optical microresonators (2013)

Dissipative cavity solitons rely on a double balance of dispersion with nonlinearity and gain with loss. Here we report on the spontaneous formation temporal solitons in a ultra high Q crystalline resonator. We observe the formation of single temporal soliton states, which leads to an outcoupled pulse-train that corresponds to low noise optical frequency comb. Pulse durations below 200fs are observed.
Implication of Broadly Neutralizing Bovine Monoclonal Antibodies in the Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Neutralizing Antibodies against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O (2019)

Vaccination with inactivated vaccines is still the main measure to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in areas where the disease is endemic, and the level of neutralizing antibody in vaccinated animals is directly related to their protection against virus challenge. Currently, neutralizing antibody is mainly detected using the virus neutralization test (VNT) based on cell culture, which is laborious and time-consuming and requires restrictive biocontainment facilities. In this study, two broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), E46 and F128, were successfully produced using techniques for the isolation of single B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from bovines sequentially immunized with three topotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O. Based on these bnAbs, a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting neutralizing antibodies (NA-ELISA) against FMDV serotype O was developed. The specificity and sensitivity of the test were estimated to be 99.21% and 100%, respectively. A significant correlation (<i>P</i> < 0.01) was observed between the NA-ELISA titers and the VNT titers for all sera from vaccinated animals and for all tested strains, suggesting that the NA-ELISA could detect neutralizing antibodies against FMDV serotype O strains of wide antigenic and molecular diversity and could be used for the evaluation of protective immunity.
A novel gel liner system with embedded electrodes for use with upper limb myoelectric prostheses (2018)

We present the development and evaluation of a gel liner system for upper limb prosthesis users that enables acquisition of electromyographic (myoelectric) control signals through embedded electrodes and flexible, conductive fabric leads. This liner system is constructed using a manufacturing approach rather than by modifying a commercially available liner. To evaluate the efficacy, eight male individuals with transhumeral amputations used this system, with standard myoelectric prostheses, for home trials lasting an average of 7.3 weeks. Before and after the home trials, electrical resistance of the cumulative 218 embedded electrodes and leads within 10 gel liner systems was measured and found to increase slightly (from an average of 13.4 to 27.5 Ω) after usage. While this increase was statistically significant (p = 0.001), all but one of the final resistance values remained low enough to enable consistent myoelectric control. User impressions were evaluated through a questionnaire comparing the liner prototypes to their own myoelectric prosthesis socket interface. Subjects preferred the liner prototype (p = 0.008) over their own system in the clinical areas of comfort, suspension, function, and, especially, ease of use. These results suggest that this gel liner system is a clinically viable option and that it may offer advantages over current clinical technology for users of upper limb myoelectric prostheses.
Optical design for a spatial-spectral volume holographic imaging system (2010)

Spatial Spectral Holographic imaging system (S(2)-VHIS) is a promising alternative to confocal microscopy due to its capabilities to simultaneously image several sample depths with high resolution. However, the field of view of previously presented S(2)-VHIS prototypes has been restricted to less than 200μm. This paper presents experimental results of an improved S(2)-VHIS design which have a field of view of ~1mm while maintaining high resolution and dynamic range.
Validation of automatic cochlear implant electrode localization techniques using μCTs (2018)

Cochlear implants (CIs) are standard treatment for patients who experience sensorineural hearing loss. Although these devices have been remarkably successful at restoring hearing, it is rare that they permit to achieve natural fidelity and many patients experience poor outcomes. Our group has developed image-guided CI programming techniques (IGCIP), in which image analysis techniques are used to locate the intracochlear position of CI electrodes to determine patient-customized settings for the CI processor. Clinical studies have shown that IGCIP leads to significantly improved outcomes. A crucial step is the localization of the electrodes, and rigorously quantifying the accuracy of our algorithms requires dedicated datasets. We discuss the creation of a ground truth dataset for electrode position and its use to evaluate the accuracy of our electrode localization techniques. Our final ground truth dataset includes 30 temporal bone specimens that were each implanted with one of four different types of electrode array by an experienced CI surgeon. The arrays were localized in conventional CT images using our automatic methods and manually in high-resolution <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>CT</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> images to create the ground truth. The conventional and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>CT</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> images were registered to facilitate comparison between automatic and ground truth electrode localization results. Our technique resulted in mean errors of 0.13 mm in localizing the electrodes across 30 cases. Our approach successfully permitted characterizing the accuracy of our methods, which is critical to understand their limitations for use in IGCIP.
A Long-Life, High-Rate Lithium/Sulfur Cell: A Multifaceted Approach to Enhancing Cell Performance (2013)

Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cells are receiving significant attention as an alternative power source for zero-emission vehicles and advanced electronic devices due to the very high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mA·h/g) of the sulfur cathode. However, the poor cycle life and rate capability have remained a grand challenge, preventing the practical application of this attractive technology. Here, we report that a Li/S cell employing a cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified sulfur-graphene oxide (S-GO) nanocomposite cathode can be discharged at rates as high as 6C (1C = 1.675 A/g of sulfur) and charged at rates as high as 3C while still maintaining high specific capacity (~ 800 mA·h/g of sulfur at 6C), with a long cycle life exceeding 1500 cycles and an extremely low decay rate (0.039% per cycle), perhaps the best performance demonstrated so far for a Li/S cell. The initial estimated cell-level specific energy of our cell was ~ 500 W·h/kg, which is much higher than that of current Li-ion cells (~ 200 W·h/kg). Even after 1500 cycles, we demonstrate a very high specific capacity (~ 740 mA·h/g of sulfur), which corresponds to ~ 414 mA·h/g of electrode: still higher than state-of-the-art Li-ion cells. Moreover, these Li/S cells with lithium metal electrodes can be cycled with an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 96.3% after 1500 cycles, which was enabled by our new formulation of the ionic liquid-based electrolyte. The performance we demonstrate herein suggests that Li/S cells may already be suitable for high-power applications such as power tools. Li/S cells may now provide a substantial opportunity for the development of zero-emission vehicles with a driving range similar to that of gasoline vehicles.
Material Handling System for Robotic Natural Orifice Surgery (2011)

In Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES), in vivo robots can be utilized to perform surgical procedures within the peritoneal cavity. A NOTES approach has no external incisions, which decreases overall recovery time and reduces the risk of infection. Fully inserting in vivo robots into the peritoneal cavity eliminates the triangulation and multitasking limitations associated with more traditional endoscope-based NOTES approaches. One major limitation is that once inserted, the in vivo robots are isolated within the abdomen and cannot send or receive materials to the outside world. A steerable material handling system is being developed to bridge this deficiency. This paper presents the design rationale, methodology, and parameters associated with the system.