gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Database of traditional Chinese medicine and its application to studies of mechanism and to prescription validation (2006)

The development of systems biology has led to a new design principle for therapeutic intervention strategy, the concept of 'magic shrapnel' (rather than the 'magic bullet'), involving many drugs against multiple targets, administered in a single treatment. TCM offers an extensive source of examples of this concept in which several active ingredients in one prescription are aimed at numerous targets and work together to provide therapeutic benefit. The database and its mining applications described here represent early efforts toward exploring TCM for new theories in drug discovery.
Optical heterodyne imaging and Wigner phase space distributions (1996)

We demonstrate that optical heterodyne imaging directly measures smoothed Wigner phase space distributions. This method may be broadly applicable to fundamental studies of light propagation and tomographic imaging. Basic physical properties of Wigner distributions are illustrated by experimental measurements.
Modeling and evaluation of the filling process of vacuum-assisted compression resin transfer molding (2013)

Abstract In the present study, a modified vacuum-assisted compression resin transfer molding (VACRTM) process has been developed to reduce the cycling period. The process uses an elastic bag placed between the upper mold and the preform to replace the mobile rigid mold in compression resin transfer molding. During resin injection, the bag is pulled upward by the vacuum applied in between the upper mold and the bag, and a loose fiber stack is then present. Resin is easily injected into the mold. Once enough volume of resin is injected, the compression pressure is applied on the bag, which compacts the preform and drives the resin through the remaining dry preform. Numerical results show that the bag compression phase is much longer than the resin injection one. A multistage compression strategy can be used to control the compression time. Due to inherent process defects, a higher volume of the injected liquid is essential and thus leads to a longer injection and compression phase in order to inject and squeeze the excess resin. The late compression is very slow in draining the residual resin. As compared with resin transfer molding, VACRTM can reduce the mold-filling time/injection pressure.
Microprocessor-controlled photometric evaluation of high-speed cinematographic films (1979)

To evaluate cinematographic films of the growth of slip lines on metal crystals during tensile deformation an inexpensive device controlled by a microprocessor has been designed. During evaluation the system corrects for frame-to-frame movement of the object, measures the photographic density, corrects for the sensitometric curve of the film and integrates across the intensity distribution of the slip line.
Permeation rate measurements by electrical analysis of calcium corrosion (2003)

Highly sensitive permeation measurements are crucial for the characterization and development of polymeric substrates for flexible display applications. In particular, organic light-emitting devices require substrates with extremely low permeation rates for water and oxygen. Here we demonstrate a concept for measuring ultralow permeation rates. The amount of oxidative degradation in a thin Ca sensor is monitored by in situ resistance measurements. The benefits of this technique are demonstrated for polyester foils with single- and double-sided barrier coatings. A sensitivity limit is imposed by the quality of the encapsulation. The resulting base line contribution to the water vapor transmission rate of a glass reference is below 10−6 g/m2 day at accelerated test conditions.
IL-1 and TNF Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 by c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in Trabecular Meshwork (2006)

JNK activity is necessary for the induction of MMP-3 and MMP-9 by TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, or IL-1beta in TM cells. Phosphorylation of components of the JNK signaling pathway and of the transcription factors c-Jun and ATF-2 support a role for this pathway in the induction of MMP-3 and MMP-9 in the TM in response to these cytokines. Thus, at least three separate signal transduction pathways are necessary in this signaling event in TM cells.
Ultrasonic transducers and transducer arrays for applications in air (1992)

Many measurement tasks in industrial automation, e.g. non-contact distance measurement, room surveillance, object identification and gas flow measurement can be accomplished by sensors using airborne ultrasound. Their performance is determined by the properties of the ultrasonic transducers. The authors compare electrostatic and piezoelectric transducers. Piezoceramic transducers combine a high efficiency factor and ruggedness. Composite transducers consisting of piezoceramic and polymer materials show a wider relative bandwidth of about 30% at the expense of efficiency. Ultrasonic transducers based on piezopolymer foils offer a variety of acoustic properties at low expenditure. Their bandwidth corresponds to that of composite transducers. Composite, as well as piezopolymer, foil transducers are suited to the design of phased arrays. Foil transducers have the additional advantage of very small crosstalk between neighbouring transducer elements. By electronically controlled deflection of the sound beam, lateral details and consequently the spatial structure of objects can also be detected.
Adaptive leases: a strong consistency mechanism for the World Wide Web (2002)

In this paper, we argue that weak cache consistency mechanisms supported by existing Web proxy caches must be augmented by strong consistency mechanisms to support the growing diversity in application requirements. Existing strong consistency mechanisms are not appealing for Web environments due to their large state space or control message overhead. We focus on the lease approach that balances these tradeoffs and present analytical models and policies for determining the optimal lease duration. We present extensions to HTTP to incorporate leases and then implement our techniques in the Squid proxy cache and the Apache Web server. Our experimental evaluation of the leases approach shows that: (i) our techniques impose modest overheads even for long leases (a lease duration of 1 hour requires state to be maintained for 1030 leases and imposes a per object overhead of a control message every 33 minutes); (ii) leases yield a 138-425% improvement over existing strong consistency mechanisms; and (iii) the implementation overhead of leases is comparable to existing weak consistency mechanisms.
An Antibody to De-N-Acetyl Sialic Acid Containing-Polysialic Acid Identifies an Intracellular Antigen and Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cell Lines (2011)

Polysialic acid (PSA), an α2,8-linked homopolymer of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), is developmentally regulated and its expression is thought to be restricted to a few tissues in adults. Recently, we showed that two human pathogens expressed a derivative of PSA containing de-N-acetyl sialic acid residues (NeuPSA). Here we show that an epitope identified by the anti-NeuPSA monoclonal antibody, SEAM 3 (SEAM 3-reactive antigen or S3RA), is expressed in human melanomas, and also intracellularly in a human melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28), a human T cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat), and two neuroblastoma cell lines (CHP-134 and SH-SY5Y). SEAM 3 binding induced apoptosis in the four cell lines tested. The unusual intracellular distribution of S3RA was similar to that described for the PSA polysialyltransferases, STX and PST, which are also expressed in the four cell lines used here. Interestingly, suppression of PST mRNA expression by transfection of SK-MEL-28 cells with PST-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in decreased SEAM 3 binding. The results suggest further studies of the utility of antibodies such as SEAM 3 as therapeutic agents for certain malignancies.
Manufacturing Defects Visualization via Robust Edge-Based Registration (2018)

We propose a visualization method for inspecting manufacturing defects. Industrial products have many straight lines and little texture; therefore, the proposed method uses edges for estimating 6DoF pose of the products (registration). To prevent combinatorial explosion, our method reduces the number of combinations by the condition of edges' geometrical distribution. Moreover, manufacturing defects are detected and visualized by robust registration based on the LMedS. This method realizes on-site product inspection for unskilled workers unfamiliar with AR, and decreases the cost of re-manufacturing. We evaluate our method quantitatively using original CG and real image dataset.
A clinical study to assess fall risk using a single waist accelerometer (2009)

Falls have various causes and are often associated with mobility impairments. Preventive steps to avoid falls may be initiated, if an increasing fall risk could be detected in time. The objective of this article is to identify an automated sensor-based method to determine fall risk of patients based on objectively measured gait parameters. One hundred fifty-one healthy subjects and 90 subjects at risk of falling were measured during a Timed 'Up & Go' test with a single triaxial acceleration sensor worn on a waist belt. The fall risk was assessed using the STRATIFY score. A decision tree induction algorithm was used to distinguish between subjects with high and low risk using the determined gait parameters. The results of the risk classification produce an overall accuracy of 90.4% in relation to STRATIFY score. The sensitivity amount to 89.4%, the specificity to 91.0% and the reliability parameter kappa equals 0.79. The method presented is able to distinguish between subjects with high and low fall risk. It is unobtrusive and therefore may be applied over extended time periods. A subsequent study is needed to confirm the model's suitability for data recorded in patients' everyday lives.
How do SSRIs help patients with irritable bowel syndrome? (2006)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants seem to promote global well being in some patients with irritable bowel syndrome and, possibly, some improvement in abdominal pain and bowel symptoms, but this effect appears to be independent of improved depression

In the randomised controlled trial reported in this issue of Gut , Tack and colleagues1 compared citalopram and placebo in 23 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) over a six week initial treatment period using a parallel group design (see page 1095) . The dose of citalopram was similar to that used in the treatment of depressive disorders but any patients with depressive disorder were excluded from this trial. The results showed that citalopram was superior to placebo in terms of the primary outcome measure—days with abdominal pain—and this improvement was unrelated to change in mood, change in stool pattern, or the effect of intravenous citalopram on rectal distension thresholds.

Overall this was not a good trial. The total number of outcome measures exceeded the number of subjects in the trial. The crossover part of the trial was discounted because symptoms did not return to baseline values after the first treatment period. It is not at all clear how the patients were selected and, therefore, whether the results might be generalised to clinic populations. Strengths of the study however include the high participation rate throughout the trial and the combined diary and questionnaire measurements.

In spite of the weaknesses of the trial design, this report is interesting because of the paucity of randomised placebo controlled trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants in IBS.2,3 In one trial of patients who had failed to respond to a high fibre diet, Tabas et al found that a low dose of paroxetine was superior to placebo in terms of overall …
[Laparoscopy/laparotomy evaluation of artificial donor insemination failures]. (1982)

The cases of 24 women who failed to conceive after 6 months of donor artificial insemination (AID) are reviewed. Preliminary examination before AID including endometrial biopsy and hysterosalpingography revealed no discernible cause for infertility. When conception had not occurred by the 6th treatment cycle the patients were reevaluated for a tuboperitoneal cause of infertility. Laparoscopy was used in 4 cases laparoscopy and laparotomy in 4 cases and laparotomy alone in 16 cases. 15 of the 24 women (62.5%) were found to have pelvic factors potentially detrimental to fertility. Uterine fibroids were the most common disorder (6 cases) followed by pelvic endometriosis (5 cases) and pelvic inflammatory disease (5 cases). Surgical correction including myomectomy uterotubal implantation and fertility laparotomy was attempted in these women. Following surgery AID was resumed. Although follow-up data are not complete 4 pregnancies are known to have occurred. These results confirm the value of discontinuing AID after the 6th failed cycle and reevaluating fertility potential through laparoscopic examination.
p130Cas Couples the Tyrosine Kinase Bmx/Etk with Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton and Cell Migration (2003)

Bmx/Etk, a member of the Tec/Btk family of nonreceptor kinases, has recently been shown to mediate cell motility in signaling pathways that become activated upon integrin-mediated cell adhesion (Chen, R., Kim, O., Li, M., Xiong, X., Guan, J. L., Kung, H. J., Chen, H., Shimizu, Y., and Qiu, Y. (2001) Nat Cell Biol. 3, 439-444). The molecular mechanisms of Bmx-induced cell motility have so far remained unknown. Previous studies by us and others have demonstrated that a complex formation between the docking protein p130Cas (Cas) and the adapter protein Crk is instrumental in connecting several stimuli to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. We demonstrate here that expression of Bmx leads to an interaction between Bmx and Cas at membrane ruffles, which are sites of active actin remodeling in motile cells. Expression of Bmx also enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas and Cas.Crk complex formation, and coexpression of Bmx with Cas results in an enhanced membrane ruffling and haptotactic cell migration. Importantly, a mutant form of Bmx that fails to interact with Cas also fails to induce cell migration. Furthermore, expression of a dominant-negative form of Cas that is incapable of interacting with Crk inhibits Bmx-induced membrane ruffling and cell migration. These studies suggest that Bmx-Cas interaction, phosphorylation of Cas by Bmx, and subsequent Cas.Crk complex formation functionally couple Bmx to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and cell motility.
Estimating age, gender, and identity using first name priors (2008)

Recognizing people in images is one of the foremost challenges in computer vision. It is important to remember that consumer photography has a highly social aspect. The photographer captures images not in a random fashion, but rather to remember or document meaningful events in her life. The culture of the society of which the photographer is a part provides a strong context for recognizing the content of the captured images.
Bereaved caregivers’ satisfaction with end-of-life care (2021)

End-of-life care involves treatment and support offered to terminally ill individuals and their caregivers. Effective communication and decision-making, illness and symptom management, relationship with doctors, characteristics of the health care team, and the involvement and needs of caregivers have all been proposed to contribute to the quality of the end-of-life experience. This study sought to establish bereaved caregivers’ experiences of the quality of the elements of end-of-life care delivered to their loved ones. Bereaved caregivers who had lost a loved one who was cared for in an acute care University-affiliated hospital, with 670 beds, located in the Australian Capital Territory during the previous 6−12 months (N=91), were surveyed using a modified version of the Canadian Health Care Evaluation Project questionnaire. The findings indicated that the bereaved caregivers were generally very satisfied with their loved one’s end-of-life care. The age of the caregiver, the preferred location of death for both patient and caregiver, if death was expected, and religious affiliation were associated with satisfaction of the end-of-life care delivered. Key areas for improvement of end-of-life care included factors related to the relationships between doctors and those receiving care, characteristics of the health care team, illness management, communication and decision-making, and the involvement of caregivers. These findings have significant implications for this hospital and those seeking to improve outcomes in end-of-life care settings more widely, by providing baseline data on caregiver-evaluated care quality and identifying high-priority areas for targeted intervention.
Constant-bandwidth constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer (2007)

A constant-temperature anemometer (CTA) enables the measurement of fast-changing velocity fluctuations. In the classical solution of CTA, the transmission band is a function of flow velocity. This is a minor drawback when the mean flow velocity does not significantly change, though it might lead to dynamic errors when flow velocity varies over a considerable range. A modification is outlined, whereby an adaptive controller is incorporated in the CTA system such that the anemometer's transmission band remains constant in the function of flow velocity. For that purpose, a second feedback loop is provided, and the output signal from the anemometer will regulate the controller's parameters such that the transmission bandwidth remains constant. The mathematical model of a CTA that has been developed and model testing data allow a through evaluation of the proposed solution. A modified anemometer can be used in measurements of high-frequency variable flows in a wide range of velocities. The proposed modification allows the minimization of dynamic measurement errors.
Triimidosulfonates as Acute Bite‐Angle Chelates: Slow Relaxation of the Magnetization in Zero Field and Hysteresis Loop of a Co<sup>II</sup> Complex (2015)

Starting from a polyimido sulfonate the four-coordinate, N,N'-chelated Co(II) complex [Co{(NtBu)3 SMe}2 ] (1) was synthesized, and its molecular structure was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. The acute N-Co-N bite angle imposed by the N,N'-chelating ligand (NtBu)3 SMe(-) leads to pronounced C2v distortion of the tetrahedral coordination environment and thus to high anisotropy of the Co(II) ion (D≈-58 cm(-1) ), favorable for single-molecule-magnet (SMM) properties. Magnetic measurements revealed a high barrier to spin reversal (Ueff =75 cm(-1) ) that gives rise to the observation of slow relaxation of the magnetization in zero field and a hysteresis loop at 2 K for this unique complex.
Efficient failure-aware programming (2014)

Scale-out programs run on multiple processes in a cluster. In scale-out systems, processes can fail. Computations using traditional libraries such as MPI fail when any component process fails. The advent of Map Reduce, Resilient Data Sets and MillWheel has shown dramatic improvements in productivity are possible when a high-level programming framework handles scale-out and resilience automatically. We are concerned with the development of generalpurpose languages that support resilient programming. In this paper we show how the X10 language and implementation can be extended to support resilience. In Resilient X10, places may fail asynchronously, causing loss of the data and tasks at the failed place. Failure is exposed through exceptions. We identify a Happens Before Invariance Principle and require the runtime to automatically repair the global control structure of the program to maintain this principle. We show this reduces much of the burden of resilient programming. The programmer is only responsible for continuing execution with fewer computational resources and the loss of part of the heap, and can do so while taking advantage of domain knowledge. We build a complete implementation of the language, capable of executing benchmark applications on hundreds of nodes. We describe the algorithms required to make the language runtime resilient. We then give three applications, each with a different approach to fault tolerance (replay, decWork done while employed at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center.
Estimating the Individual Effects of the Reduced Palmitic Acid <i>fap<sub>nc</sub></i> and <i>fap1</i> Alleles on Agronomic Traits in Two Soybean Populations (2008)

Major fap alleles that reduce palmitate content in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil also can reduce seed yield. One of these alleles, fap nc , has been shown to be a deletion in the GmFATB1a gene. Allele‐specific primers that amplify GmFATB1a can be used to test precisely if the fap nc allele has an effect on agronomic traits. The objectives of this study were to determine if the segregation of the fap nc allele explained a significant amount of genetic variation in several agronomic traits; to determine if the fap1 allele or minor palmitate genes have an effect on agronomic traits; and to confirm if GmFATB1a maps to the distal region on linkage group A1. GmFATB1a ‐specific primers were used to genotype lines from two populations segregating for fap nc , fap1, and fan alleles and modifier genes. The fap nc allele explained a significant portion of the genetic variation in seed yield, plant height, protein content, and stearic acid content in both populations. After removing the effect of fap nc from the model, the genetic correlation between palmitate and yield was significant in one population but not significant between palmitate and height, indicating that fap1 has a small but significant effect on seed yield but no effect on plant height. The fap1 and/or modifier genes significantly affected stearic acid content. GmFATB1a mapped 20 cM distal to Satt684 on linkage group A1. Breeding efforts did not totally eliminate the negative influence of the fap nc allele on seed yield and plant height.
Total Internal Reflection with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: Combined Surface Reaction and Solution Diffusion (2020)

Total internal reflection with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TIR-FCS) is a method for measuring the surface association/dissociation rates and absolute densities of fluorescent molecules at the interface of solution and a planar substrate. This method can also report the apparent diffusion coefficient and absolute concentration of fluorescent molecules very close to the surface. An expression for the fluorescence fluctuation autocorrelation function in the absence of contributions from diffusion through the evanescent wave, in solution, has been published previously (N. L. Thompson, T. P. Burghardt, and D. Axelrod. 1981, Biophys. J. 33:435-454). This work describes the nature of the TIR-FCS autocorrelation function when both surface association/dissociation kinetics and diffusion through the evanescent wave contribute to the fluorescence fluctuations. The fluorescence fluctuation autocorrelation function depends in general on the kinetic association and dissociation rate constants, the surface site density, the concentration of fluorescent molecules in solution, the solution diffusion coefficient, and the depth of the evanescent field. Both general and approximate expressions are presented.