gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Providing multiple service classes for bursty data traffic in cellular networks (2002)

This paper evaluates the use of packet scheduling to provide multiple service classes for bursty data traffic. In particular, we study the performance of the weighted fair queueing algorithm by simulating various scenarios in a packet cellular wireless network similar to an EDGE (Enhanced data rate for GSM evolution) system. The results show that, due to the burstiness of data traffic, traditional work-conserving packet scheduling algorithms such as weighted fair queueing cannot achieve the desired performance unless the system is heavily loaded. Similar results hold even when using priority queueing, which is an extreme form of weighted fair queueing. We also find that best effort traffic should be managed carefully to avoid inefficient usage of the network, especially in a low capacity cellular environment.
(7-Benzyloxy-2,3-dihydro-<i>1H</i>-pyrrolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]indol-1-yl)acetic Acids as S1P<sub>1</sub> Functional Antagonists (2014)

S1P1 is a validated target for treatment of autoimmune disease, and functional antagonists with superior safety and pharmacokinetic properties are being sought as second generation therapeutics. We describe the discovery and optimization of (7-benzyloxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-1-yl)acetic acids as potent, centrally available, direct acting S1P1 functional antagonists, with favorable pharmacokinetic and safety properties.
A machine learning-assisted system to predict thyrotoxicosis using patients’ heart rate monitoring data: a retrospective cohort study (Preprint) (2023)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Previous studies have shown a correlation between resting heart rate (HR) measured by wearable devices and serum free thyroxine concentration in patients with thyroid dysfunction. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> We have developed a machine learning (ML)-assisted system that uses HR data collected from wearable devices to predict the occurrence of thyrotoxicosis in patients. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> HR monitoring data were collected using a wearable device for a period of 4 months in 175 patients with Graves’ disease. During this period, 3 or 4 thyroid function tests (TFTs) were performed on each patient at intervals of at least one month. The HR data collected during the 10 days prior to each TFT were paired with the corresponding TFT results, resulting in a total of 662 pairs of data. Our ML-assisted system predicted thyrotoxicosis of a patient at a given time point based on HR data and their HR-TFT data pair at another time point. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Our ML-assisted system divided the 662 cases into either thyrotoxicosis and non-thyrotoxicosis and the performance was calculated based on the TFT results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of our system for predicting thyrotoxicosis were 86.14%, 85.92%, 52.41%, and 97.18%, respectively. When subclinical thyrotoxicosis was excluded from the analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of our system for predicting thyrotoxicosis were 86.14%, 98.28%, 94.57%, and 95.32%, respectively. Our ML-assisted system used the change in mean, relative standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of HR while sleeping, and the Jensen-Shannon divergence of sleep HR and TFT distribution as major parameters for predicting thyrotoxicosis. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Our ML-assisted system has demonstrated reasonably accurate predictions of thyrotoxicosis in patients with thyroid dysfunction, and the accuracy could be further improved by gathering more data. This predictive system has the potential to monitor the thyroid function status of patients with thyroid dysfunction by collecting heart rate data, and to determine the optimal timing for blood tests and treatment intervention. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> trial registration number, clinicaltrials.gov NCT03009357, NCT04806269, and NCT05828732 </sec>
New Gas-Phase Catalytic Oxidative Processes for Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel (2015)

An effective gas-phase oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process was proposed. The process was studied in a laboratory reactor with a proprietary catalyst at 300-400 ºС and ambient pressure with model fuels represented by thiophene, dibenzothiophene(DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) dissolved in octane, isooctane or toluene. The reactivity of different sulfur containing molecules in ODS was shown to increase in the sequence: thiophene<DBT<DMDBT. The main sulfur containing product of oxidation of these compounds was SO2. During the gas-phase ODS both processes of sulfur species oxidation and processes of their adsorption were observed and studied. Based on the conducted studies, different ODS process designs comprising its integration with adsorption and regeneration processes and with conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process were proposed. One scheme is based on alternating regimes of ODS and catalyst regeneration in two reactors: sulfur is removed from organic feedstock by oxidation and adsorption in one reactor while simultaneous regeneration of the catalyst that has accumulated sulfur compounds takes place in another reactor. Two other schemes are based on joint use of ODS and HDS. The conventional HDS process is most effective for removal of low-boiling sulfur containing compounds reactive with respect to hydrogen, while removal of refractory sulfur compounds, such as DMDBT is more easily achieved by gas phase ODS. Thus the combination of these processes is expected to be most efficient for deep desulfurization of diesel fuel.
HyMn: Mining linear hybrid automata from input output traces of cyber-physical systems (2018)

Hybrid systems are versatile in modeling the interaction between the cyber and physical components of cyber-physical control systems (CPS) such as artificial pancreas (AP). They are typically used for analysis of safety of the human centric control systems which have serious consequences of failure. As such hybrid systems are parameterized and the variables often depend on the subject on which the control system is deployed. Traditionally, control systems are initially developed using average statistical estimates of the subject specific parameters. However, such excursions may lead to suboptimal designs. In this paper, we propose HyMn, a hybrid system parameter estimation tool, where the subject specific parameters in a hybrid system are automatically learned from experimental traces of the operation of a human centric CPS control system. We apply HyMn to the AP system and show that the blood glucose control is enhanced using the learned patient specific parameters.
Thymosin Alpha 1 (2007)

After the initial dramatic effects, observed in a Lewis lung carcinoma animal model, using a combination of thymosin alpha 1 (Talpha1) and interferon (IFN) after cyclophosphamide, a number of other preclinical models in mice (Friend erythroleukemia and B16 melanoma) and in rats (DHD/K12 colorectal cancer liver metastasis) have confirmed the efficacy of the combination therapy with Talpha1 and either IFN or IL-2 plus chemotherapy. These results provided the scientific foundation for the first clinical trials using Talpha1 in combination with BRMs and/or chemotherapy. Pivotal trials in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma with Talpha1 and IFN-alpha low doses after cis-platinum or dacarbazine produced the first evidence of the high potentiality of this approach in the treatment of human cancer. The combination of Talpha1 and IFN-alpha was also used in patients affected by chronic B and C hepatitis including IFN-nonresponders and infected by precore mutants or genotype 1b. Further studies demonstrated additional biological activities clarifying the mechanism of action of Talpha1, partially explaining the synergism with IFN. It has been shown the capacity of activating infected dendritic cells through Toll-like receptor signaling, thus influencing the inflammation balance, and of increasing the expression of tumor, viral, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I antigens. Dose-response studies suggested the possibility of improving the efficacy of this molecule reducing the overall toxic. Based on these information two clinical trials are ongoing: a large phase II on advanced melanoma patients treated with Talpha1 at different doses after dacarbazine and a phase III one, on IFN-resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients treated with a triple combination (IFN, ribavirin, and Talpha1).
Biosynthesis of benanomicins. (1989)

The biosynthesis of benanomicins A and B, produced by actinomycete strain MH193-16F4, was investigated by feeding experiments with 14C- and 13C-labeled compounds followed by measurement of radioactivity and 13C NMR analysis. A 2D double quantum coherence NMR spectrum of benanomicin A derived from sodium [1,2-13C2]acetate provided the location of intact acetate units, and confirmed the 13C assignments of benanomicins. The results indicate that the aglycone of benanomicins is derived from a dodecaketide, methionine and alanine.
Landmark-Based Location Belief Tracking in a Spoken Dialog System (2012)

Many modern spoken dialog systems use probabilistic graphical models to update their belief over the concepts under discussion, increasing robustness in the face of noisy input. However, such models are ill-suited to probabilistic reasoning about spatial relationships between entities. In particular, a car navigation system that infers users ’ intended destination using nearby landmarks as descriptions must be able to use distance measures as a factor in inference. In this paper, we describe a belief tracking system for a location identification task that combines a semantic belief tracker for categorical concepts based on the DPOT framework (Raux and Ma, 2011) with a kernel density estimator that incorporates landmark evidence from multiple turns and landmark hypotheses, into a posterior probability over candidate locations. We evaluate our approach on a corpus of destination setting dialogs and show that it significantly outperforms a deterministic baseline. 1
Organic Crystal Films for Electro-Optic Modulator (2001)

Abstract : During the period of performance from August 1st, 1999 to July 31st, 2001 the following was done: KD(*)P and N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(L)-prolinol (NPP) single crystals in longitudinal E-O modulator configuration have been studied. The E-O coefficient for KD(*)P, which is in good agreement with literature data, and electro-optical parameters for NPP were obtained. The latter are much higher that received by other authors, which is explained by a substantial stress in the crystal due to the conversed piezoelectric effect. An E-O thin film modulator integrated with input and output coupling prisms was designed. Successful injection, propagation and decoupling light from the experimental prototype of the modulator were demonstrated. Applicability of different shape prisms for light coupling was explored. An opportunity to grow a thin organic film in a cell comprising a cell itself and a prism used as a lid, similar to the plate-guided method was studied. Mr. Javier Wu defended his thesis 'Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Thin Film Materials'. Javier continues his studies in the Ph. D. program of the University of PR. Mr. Zhifu Liu defended his Ph.D. thesis 'Electro-optical effect in single crystal films', and got a position with industry.
Dark-Pulse Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Sensor With 20-mm Spatial Resolution (2007)

Brillouin scattering-based distributed fiber-optic sensing is a powerful measurement tool that uses the inelastic scattering of incident light by an acoustic wave (phonon) to determine strain and/or temperature conditions of the fiber. Since the original Brillouin-time-domain-analysis (BOTDA) technique was proposed, several other analysis methods have been introduced to improve sensing performance in four key areas: spatial resolution; measurement accuracy; total sensing length; and measurement-acquisition time. The four factors are generally interrelated and improvements to one factor often come at the cost of one or more of the others. For example, one system might sacrifice spatial resolution for total sensing length, while another might sacrifice accuracy to gain acquisition speed. We present a BOTDA system based on dark-pulse scattering that provides improved resolution, accuracy, and acquisition time over conventional BOTDA systems, without the severe limitations on sensing length often imposed by other high-resolution techniques. Theoretical validation of the method is given, and experimental results are presented that demonstrate 20-mm resolution strain measurements with an accuracy of plusmn20 muepsiv, which is the highest spatial resolution yet reported for a BOTDA system
A binaural auditory steering strategy based hearing-aid algorithm design (2018)

Beamforming techniques are widely used in hearing aids to enhance the intelligibility of speech from a target direction, but they tend to isolate the listener from their acoustic environment and distort spatial cues. The main reason for this is that a typical beamformer method alters the head-related transfer function of the individual users' ears and functions under monaural assumptions instead of a binaural model. In this letter, a binaural auditory steering strategy (BASS) is proposed for the design of asymmetrically presented spatial filters which improves awareness of the surrounding acoustic environment while preserving intelligibility from a target direction. Additionally, an objective metric and the results of a subjective study to evaluate the effectiveness of the BASS are presented.
Method for improving the resolution and accuracy against birefringence dispersion in distributed polarization cross-talk measurements (2012)

We present a novel method for improving the spatial resolution and amplitude accuracy of distributed polarization cross-talk measurements in a polarization maintaining (PM) fiber against its birefringence dispersion. We show that the broadening of measured polarization cross-talk peaks caused by birefringence dispersion can be restored by simply multiplying the measurement data with a compensation function. The birefringence dispersion variable in the function can be obtained by finding the widths of measured cross-talk envelopes at known distances along the fiber. We demonstrate that this method can effectively improve spatial resolution and amplitude accuracy of the space-resolved polarization cross-talk measurements of long PM fibers.
Effect of generation on the electronic properties of light-emitting dendrimers (1999)

We have compared the optical and electronic properties of a series of porphyrin centered dendrimers containing stilbene dendrons. The first and second generation dendrimers could be spin-coated from solution to form good quality thin films. Incorporation into single layer light-emitting diodes gave red-light emission with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 0.02% and 0.04% for the first and second generation dendrimers respectively. We have determined by photoluminescence studies that energy can be transferred efficiently from the stilbene dendrons to the porphyrin core and that PL emission is from the core. Cyclic voltammetry studies on the dendrimers show that the reductions are porphyrin centered with the dendrons only affecting the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer between the electrode and the dendrimers. This suggests that charge mobility within a dendrimer film in an LED will be affected by the porphyrin edge to porphyrin edge distance. We have studied the hydrodynamic radii of the dendrimers by gel permeation chromatography and found as expected that the average porphyrin edge to dendron edge distance increases with generation. This is consistent with the slowing of heterogeneous electron transfer observed in the cyclic voltammetry on increasing the generation number and suggests that the dendrons are interleaved in the solid state to facilitate charge transport.
Biodegradable poly(terephthalate-co-phosphate)s: synthesis, characterization and drug-release properties (2005)

To develop biodegradable polymers with favorable physicochemical and biological properties, we have synthesized a series of poly(terephthalate-co-phosphate)s using a two-step poly-condensation. The diol 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate was first reacted with ethylphosphorodichloridate (EOP), and then chain-extended with terephthaloyl chloride (TC). Incorporation of phosphate into the poly(ethylene terephthalate) backbone rendered the co-polymers soluble in chloroform and biodegradable, lowered the Tg, decreased the crystallinity and increased the hydrophilicity. With an EOP/TC molar feed ratio of 80: 20, the polymer exhibited good film-forming property, yielding at 86.6 +/- 1.6% elongation with an elastic modulus of 13.76 +/- 2.66 MPa. This polymer showed a favorable toxicity profile in vitro and good tissue biocompatibility in the muscular tissue of mice. In vitro the polymer lost 21% of mass in 21 days, but only 20% for up to 4 months in vivo. It showed no deterioration of properties after sterilization by gamma-irradiation at 2.5 Mrad on solid CO2. Release of FITC-BSA from the microspheres was diffusion-controlled and exceeded 80% completion in two days. Release of the hydrophobic cyclosporine-A from microspheres was however much more sustained and near zero-ordered, discharging 60% in 70 days. A limited structure-property relationship has been established for this co-polymer series. The co-polymers became more hydrolytically labile as the phosphate component (EOP) was increased and the side chains were switched from the ethoxy to the methoxy structure. Converting the methoxy group to a sodium salt further increased the degradation rate significantly. The chain rigidity as reflected in the Tg values of the co-polymers decreased according to the following diol structure in the backbone: ethylene glycol > 2-methylpropylene diol > 2,2-dimethylpropylene diol. The wide range of physicochemical properties obtainable from this co-polymer series should help the design of degradable biomaterials for specific biomedical applications.
A comparison study of demand response using optimal and heuristic algorithms (2013)

The development of the smart grid is driving an explosion of interest in demand response programs in the power and energy industry. The term “demand response” is usually used to describe programs that result in changes in electricity usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity over time. To do so, smart usage of major home appliances is necessary. This paper compares optimal and heuristic demand response (DR) algorithms through a computational experiment strategy. The optimal DR algorithm is obtained based on the objective of minimizing the cost for household electricity consumption. The heuristic DR algorithm is based on the dynamic price information during a day. The computational experiment approach combines building energy consumption simulation and dynamic electricity price together for different DR algorithm evaluation. The paper examines the characteristics of the two different DR strategies and how they are affected by dynamic price tariffs, seasons, and weathers.
Gradient Method and Bayesian Formalism Application to Petrophysical Parameter Characterization (1996)

Numerical models are routinely used today to analyze the performance of hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, the fit of the historical data has to take into account the initial geological knowledge to provide physical production forecasts, even if reservoir parameters are inherently uncertain over large parts of a field.
A linear, single-stage, nanosecond pulse generator for delivering intense electric fields to biological loads (2009)

A compact pulse generator capable of producing high voltage pulses with halfmaximum widths as short as 2.5 ns and amplitudes as high as 5 kV has been developed to enable current and future in vivo and in vitro research into the effects of ultra-short, intense electric fields on biological matter. This pulse generator is small, simple, and free of saturable magnetic cores, which frequently introduce amplitude jitter and an undesirable correlation between amplitude and pulse width. In place of a non-linear pulse-forming network is a single-stage resonant network that drives a bank of junction recovery diodes. The diodes function as an opening switch that commutes current from an inductor to a resistive load. The use of air-core inductors in the resonant network results in a stable output pulse with an amplitude that scales linearly with input voltage and a pulse width that is independent of amplitude. The ability to scale the output amplitude independently of the pulse width simplifies the setup for experiments that require pulses with different electric field strengths but the same rise time and duration. Jurkat T lymphoblast cells exposed to 2.5 ns fields produced by this pulse generator showed an increasing degree of electropermeabilization with increasing pulse dosage and electric field intensity.
Fusion and Self-Assembly of Biodegradable Polymer Particles into Scaffoldlike and Membranelike Structures at Room Temperature for Regenerative Medicine (2014)

We report here a novel surfactant mediated fusion of polylactide particles into scaffoldlike structures at room temperature. In the presence of ethanol, evenly spread surfactant coated polylactide particles fused immediately into membranelike structures. Polymer scaffolds of the desired shape and size could be fabricated from polylactide particles using this fusion process. Desorption of surfactant molecules from the surface of the particles during ethanol treatment and the degree of solubility of the polymer in alcohol were found to be the main reasons for the fusion of particles into a scaffold at room temperature. TGA and DSC studies of the polylactide particles showed that the particles were stable at room temperature, and FTIR studies showed that there was no change in characteristics of the polymer after the fusion of particles into a scaffold-type structure. These scaffolds supported three-dimensional growth of animal cells in vitro and release model protein in a sustained manner for a long period of time. In an experimental animal wound model, the polylactide membranes showed faster wound closure, indicating its use as a passive dressing material. This polymer particle fusion process thus provides a novel method of scaffold fabrication for various biomedical applications.
Safe Data Parallelism for General Streaming (2014)

Streaming applications process possibly infinite streams of data and often have both high throughput and low latency requirements. They are comprised of operator graphs that produce and consume data tuples. General streaming applications use stateful, selective, and user-defined operators. The stream programming model naturally exposes task and pipeline parallelism, enabling it to exploit parallel systems of all kinds, including large clusters. However, data parallelism must either be manually introduced by programmers, or extracted as an optimization by compilers. Previous data parallel optimizations did not apply to selective, stateful and user-defined operators. This article presents a compiler and runtime system that automatically extracts data parallelism for general stream processing. Data-parallelization is safe if the transformed program has the same semantics as the original sequential version. The compiler forms parallel regions while considering operator selectivity, state, partitioning, and graph dependencies. The distributed runtime system ensures that tuples always exit parallel regions in the same order they would without data parallelism, using the most efficient strategy as identified by the compiler. Our experiments using 100 cores across 14 machines show linear scalability for parallel regions that are computation-bound, and near linear scalability when tuples are shuffled across parallel regions.