gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Secure Group Communication Schemes With Focus on IoT Communication (2022)

A key feature for Internet of Things (IoT) is to control what content is available to each user. To handle this access management, encryption schemes can be used. Due to the diverse usage of encryption schemes, there are various realizations of 1-to-1, 1-to-n, and n-to-n schemes in the literature. This multitude of encryption methods with a wide variety of properties presents developers with the challenge of selecting the optimal method for a particular use case, which is further complicated by the fact that there is no overview of existing encryption schemes. To fill this gap, we envision a cryptography encyclopedia providing such an overview of existing encryption schemes. In this survey paper, we take a first step towards such an encyclopedia by creating a sub-encyclopedia for secure group communication (SGC) schemes, which belong to the n-to-n category. We extensively surveyed the state-of-the-art and classified 47 different schemes. More precisely, we provide (i) a comprehensive overview of the relevant security features, (ii) a set of relevant performance metrics, (iii) a classification for secure group communication schemes, and (iv) workflow descriptions of the 47 schemes. Moreover, we perform a detailed performance and security evaluation of the 47 secure group communication schemes. Based on this evaluation, we create a guideline for the selection of secure group communication schemes.
A Panoramic Image-based Approach to Virtual Scene Modeling (2006)

Traditionally, navigation range and degree of freedom is the development bottle neck in image-based approach to virtual scene rendering. Virtual imaging space which is a panoramic image-based virtual scene modeling can effectively solve these problems about navigation range and degree of freedom, however virtual imaging space need a lot of manpower to construct and is complicated for modeling. This paper presents the concept and model of virtual imaging space, and an automatic generation system that can automatically complete modeling for virtual imaging space was designed and realized
Modeling and simulation analysis of large-scale smelting load (2016)

Currently, special power load represented by smelting load presents the characteristics of large capacity and high density in part of China power grid. It will have an important impact on the dynamic characteristics of power systems. The relevant special load model is needed in power system analysis as the existing model fails to accurately describe the special load characteristics. In this paper, taking steel smelting load as an example, the production characteristic and electrical characteristic of special load are illustrated. Then, based on the different characteristics of special load in the stationary production process and impact process, the special load model is put forward which combines the load electrical characteristic and power impact characteristic. The new model can describe the severe power impact during load production process while the system voltage and frequency influence is also involved. Finally, the method to confirm the special load parameters is given.
Predicting stereoscopic viewing comfort using a coherence-based computational model (2011)

We introduce a novel computational model for objectively assessing the visual comfort of stereoscopic 3D imagery. Our model integrates research in visual perception with tools from stereo computer vision to quantify the degree of stereo coherence between both stereo half-images. We show that the coherence scores computed by our model strongly correlate with human comfort ratings using a perceptual study of 20 participants rating 80 images each. Based on our experiments, we further propose a taxonomy of stereo coherence issues which affect viewing comfort, and propose a set of computational tools that extend our model to identify and localise stereo coherence issues from stereoscopic 3D images.
The Education of Gifted and Talented Children: Report by the Senate Select Committee on the Education of Gifted and Talented Children. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1988. (1988)

"The Education of Gifted and Talented Children." The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 5(2), p. 3
Low expression of microRNA-143 is related to degenerative scoliosis possibly by regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression. (2015)

COX-2 is highly expressed whereas miR-143 is lowly expressed in patients with degenerative scoliosis. Decreased expression of miR-143 may be related to the aggravation of degenerative scoliosis by regulation of COX-2.
AggregateRank (2006)

Since the website is one of the most important organizational structures of the Web, how to effectively rank websites has been essential to many Web applications, such as Web search and crawling. In order to get the ranks of websites, researchers used to describe the inter-connectivity among websites with a so-called HostGraph in which the nodes denote websites and the edges denote linkages between websites (if and only if there are hyperlinks from the pages in one website to the pages in the other, there will be an edge between these two websites), and then adopted the random walk model in the HostGraph. However, as pointed in this paper, the random walk over such a HostGraph is not reasonable because it is not in accordance with the browsing behavior of web surfers. Therefore, the derivate rank cannot represent the true probability of visiting the corresponding website.In this work, we mathematically proved that the probability of visiting a website by the random web surfer should be equal to the sum of the PageRank values of the pages inside that website. Nevertheless, since the number of web pages is much larger than that of websites, it is not feasible to base the calculation of the ranks of websites on the calculation of PageRank. To tackle this problem, we proposed a novel method named AggregateRank rooted in the theory of stochastic complement, which cannot only approximate the sum of PageRank accurately, but also have a lower computational complexity than PageRank. Both theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation show that AggregateRank is a better method for ranking websites than previous methods.
Enhancing effect of chemically conjugated deoxycholic acid on permeability of calcitonin in Caco-2 cells (2005)

One approach for enhancing intestinal absorption of therapeutic peptides is chemical conjugation to bile acids. In this study, recombinant salmon calcitonin (sCT) was chemically modified by covalent attachment of deoxycholic acid (DOCA). Three different sCT-DOCA conjugates, namely, sCT-mono-DOCA, sCT-di-DOCA, and sCT-tri-DOCA, were prepared and characterized for their structural and biological properties. The permeability of these conjugates in the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated using Caco-2 cell monolayers to determine their potential as an oral dosage form. The conjugates were isolated by reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Circular dichroism spectra in 50% trifluoroethanol aqueous condition showed the ordered secondary structure of sCT-DOCA. The biological activities of sCT-DOCA conjugates were evaluated by cyclic AMP assay using T-47D cells, and the mean EC50 values of sCT, sCT-mono-DOCA, and sCT-di-DOCA were 0.034, 0.076, and 0.46 nM, respectively. The transport experiments using the Caco-2 cell monolayer showed that the permeability of sCT-DOCA conjugates in buffer was not altered from the native sCT. However, the permeability of sCT-DOCA conjugates was increased up to 2.5 times that of the native sCT when sCT-DOCA was formulated in 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution. The conjugated DOCA of sCT-DOCA significantly enhanced the absorption of sCT-DOCA in the intestinal membrane when sCT-DOCA conjugates were completely solubilized by DMSO. In conclusion, this study proposes that therapeutic peptides that have poor absorption profiles could potentially be developed into orally active drugs by conjugation with DOCA in the formulation with appropriate solubilizing agents. Drug Dev. Res. 64:129–135, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An automatic beautifier for drawings and illustrations (1985)

We describe a method for inferring constraints that are desirable for a given (rough) drawing and then modifying the drawing to satisfy the constraints wherever possible. The method has been implemented as part of an online graphics editor running under the UNIX&trade; operating system and it has undergone modifications in response to user input. Although the framework we discuss is general, the current implementation is polygon-oriented. The relations examined are: approximate equality of the slope or length of sides, collinearity of sides, and vertical and horizontal alignment of points.
Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study (2020)

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Mucosal bacteria in ulcerative colitis (2005)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an acute and chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology, although bacterial species belonging to the normal colonic microbiota are known to be involved in its initiation and maintenance. Several organisms have been linked to the disease; however, mucosa-associated bacteria are more likely to be involved than their luminal counterparts, due to their close proximity to the host epithelium. Comparative bacteriological analyses were done on rectal biopsies to investigate differences in mucosal bacteria in patients with UC and healthy controls. Complex bacterial communities were found in both groups, with significant reductions in bifidobacterial numbers in UC, which suggested that they might have a protective role in the disease. Accordingly, a therapy for treating UC was designed, with the aim of modifying the mucosal microbiota to increase bifidobacterial colonisation and reduce inflammation. Ranges of mucosal and faecal bifidobacteria were tested for their substrate preferences and their abilities to survive under a variety of environmental conditions. A synbiotic comprising a probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum) isolated from healthy rectal mucosa combined with a prebiotic (oligofructose-enriched inulin - Synergy 1) was developed. The treatment was used in a randomised controlled trial involving eighteen patients with active UC, for a period of 1 month. Rectal biopsies were collected at the beginning and end of the study. Bacteriological analysis and transcription levels of epithelium-related immune markers were assessed. Results demonstrated that short-term synbiotic treatment resulted in increased bifidobacterial colonisation of the rectal mucosa and induced significant reductions in the expression of molecules that control inflammation in active UC.
Model and performance evaluation of a piconet for point-to-multipoint communications in Bluetooth (2002)

We consider model and performance evaluation of the Bluetooth system supporting point-to-multipoint communications in a piconet. In order to support more than seven slave devices in a piconet, a park mode is considered and modeled. We evaluate the performance, i.e., throughput and delay, using simulations when multi-connections (both A CL and SCO connections) are present in a piconet. We show that the data rate may be less than 10 kbps when SCO connection(s) and more than six ACL connections are jointly supported in a piconet. In addition, if up to four ACL connections are supported, the average delay is shown to be maintained less than 10 msec. Our results serve as a guideline to the design of Bluetooth systems with throughput and delay requirements.
Adaptive Resource Management Based on Unequal Error Protection in OFDM Systems (2010)

In order to minimize the total transmit power in the downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, an adaptive resource management approach is proposed in this paper by considering that an application, such as real-time video and high quality music stream, can have different quality of service (QoS) requirements for different layers. When multiple layers are addressed in resource allocation, a chunk-based resource management scheme is performed. According to analysis, the proposed scheme can efficiently reduce the complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed resource management scheme outperforms the conventional single-queue resource management scheme, especially when the bit error rate (BER) ratio or the data rate ratio of the low priority layer to the high priority layer of data streams is large.
Using a mobile device as an interface tool for HMD-based AR applications (2006)

In this paper, we suggest that we can use our mobile devices as an effective interface for HMD-based augmented reality (AR) applications. These days most of us can possibly send short message with our mobile phones and watch the movies on our PDAs. Personal hand-held devices are well customized that they deserve to be familiar interfaces for interaction with AR applications. We can also add more interaction metaphors as mobile devices are designed to be programmable and extensible for some extra modules. Furthermore, the display panel of mobile devices makes a good marker which is changeable to variable features on user's demand.
A Th17- and Th2-skewed Cytokine Profile in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs Represents a Potential Risk Factor for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection (2013)

We propose a role for Th17 and Th2 T cells in chronic inflammation in lungs of patients with CF. High concentrations of these cytokines/chemokines in CF airways precede infection with P. aeruginosa.
Spectral efficiency of distributed antenna system with random antenna layout (2003)

The downlink capacity potential of a distributed antenna system (DAS) with random antenna layout is investigated. A low complexity sub-optimal power allocation scheme among transmit antennas is proposed. Simulation results show that with the same antenna density DAS outperforms a co-located antenna system (CAS) in terms of average and outage spectral efficiency.
After the Tsunami (2005)

In December 2004, a howling ocean disaster whirled away thememory damag year-end happiness, leaving a memory of damages and sadness and an expectation of rebuilding on ruins.
Prototyping post-quantum and hybrid key exchange and authentication in TLS and SSH. (2019)

Once algorithms for quantum-resistant key exchange and digital signature schemes are selected by standards bodies, adoption of post-quantum cryptography will depend on progress in integrating those algorithms into standards for communication protocols and other parts of the IT infrastructure. In this paper, we explore how two major Internet security protocols, the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Shell (SSH) protocols, can be adapted to use post-quantum cryptography. First, we examine various design considerations for integrating post-quantum and hybrid key exchange and authentication into communications protocols generally, and in TLS and SSH specifically. These include issues such as how to negotiate the use of multiple algorithms for hybrid cryptography, how to combine multiple keys, and more. Subsequently, we report on several implementations of post-quantum and hybrid key exchange in TLS 1.2, TLS 1.3, and SSHv2. We also report on work to add hybrid authentication in TLS 1.3 and SSHv2. These integrations are in Amazon s2n and forks of OpenSSL and OpenSSH; the latter two rely on the liboqs library from the Open Quantum Safe project.
Breaking the Communication-Privacy-Accuracy Trilemma (2020)

Two major challenges in distributed learning and estimation are 1) preserving the privacy of the local samples; and 2) communicating them efficiently to a central server, while achieving high accuracy for the end-to-end task. While there has been significant interest in addressing each of these challenges separately in the recent literature, treatments that simultaneously address both challenges are still largely missing. In this paper, we develop novel encoding and decoding mechanisms that simultaneously achieve optimal privacy and communication efficiency in various canonical settings. In particular, we consider the problems of mean estimation and frequency estimation under $\varepsilon$-local differential privacy and $b$-bit communication constraints. For mean estimation, we propose a scheme based on Kashin's representation and random sampling, with order-optimal estimation error under both constraints. For frequency estimation, we present a mechanism that leverages the recursive structure of Walsh-Hadamard matrices and achieves order-optimal estimation error for all privacy levels and communication budgets. As a by-product, we also construct a distribution estimation mechanism that is rate-optimal for all privacy regimes and communication constraints, extending recent work that is limited to $b=1$ and $\varepsilon=O(1)$. Our results demonstrate that intelligent encoding under joint privacy and communication constraints can yield a performance that matches the optimal accuracy achievable under either constraint alone.
Multimodal searching technique based on learning automata with continuous input and changing number of actions (1996)

This paper describes a multimodal searching technique based on a stochastic automaton. The environment where the automaton operates corresponds to the function to be optimized which is assumed to be unknown function of a single parameter x. The admissible region of x is quantized into N subsets. The environment response is continuous (S-model). The complete set of actions of the automaton is divided into nonempty subsets. The action set is changing from instant to instant and is selected based on a probability distribution. These actions are in turn associated with the discrete values of the parameter x. Convergence and convergence rate results are presented. Simulation results illustrate the performance of this searching technique.
Chitosan-Glycerol Phosphate/Blood Implants Improve Hyaline Cartilage Repair in Ovine Microfracture Defects (2005)

Solidification of a chitosan-glycerol phosphate/blood implant in microfracture defects improved cartilage repair compared with microfracture alone by increasing the amount of tissue and improving its biochemical composition and cellular organization.
High Dose Cyclophosphamide Treatment for Autoimmune Disorders (2002)

High-dose cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) was initially developed as a conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Recently, high-dose cyclophosphamide without bone marrow transplantation has been employed as a method to induce durable treatment-free remissions in severe aplastic anemia and a variety of other severe autoimmune disorders. The premise underlying this approach is that high-dose cyclophosphamide is maximally immunosuppressive, but not myeloablative. Early hematopoietic stem cells are spared the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide because of their high levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme that confers resistance to the drug. Conversely, autoimmune effector cells (T cells, B cells, and NK cells) are exquisitely sensitive to high-dose cyclophosphamide because of their relatively low levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Intensive investigation is underway to determine which autoimmune disorders will most benefit and where in the natural history of these diseases to employ this rapidly developing therapy.
Design Guidelines for Sub-12 nm Nanowire MOSFETs (2015)

Traditional thinking assumes that a light effective mass (m*), high mobility material will result in better transistor characteristics. However, sub-12-nm metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with light m* may underperform compared to standard Si, as a result of source to drain (S/D) tunneling. An optimum heavier mass can decrease tunneling leakage current, and at the same time, improve gate to channel capacitance because of an increased quantum capacitance (Cq). A single band effective mass model has been used to provide the performance trends independent of material, orientation and strain. This paper provides guidelines for achieving optimum m* for sub-12-nm nanowire down to channel length of 3 nm. Optimum m* are found to range between 0.2-1.0 m <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> and more interestingly, these masses can be engineered within Si for both p-type and n-type MOSFETs. m* is no longer a material constant, but a geometry and strain dependent property of the channel material.
Image-Question-Answer Synergistic Network for Visual Dialog (2019)

The image, question (combined with the history for de-referencing), and the corresponding answer are three vital components of visual dialog. Classical visual dialog systems integrate the image, question, and history to search for or generate the best matched answer, and so, this approach significantly ignores the role of the answer. In this paper, we devise a novel image-question-answer synergistic network to value the role of the answer for precise visual dialog. We extend the traditional one-stage solution to a two-stage solution. In the first stage, candidate answers are coarsely scored according to their relevance to the image and question pair. Afterward, in the second stage, answers with high probability of being correct are re-ranked by synergizing with image and question. On the Visual Dialog v1.0 dataset, the proposed synergistic network boosts the discriminative visual dialog model to achieve a new state-of-the-art of 57.88% normalized discounted cumulative gain. A generative visual dialog model equipped with the proposed technique also shows promising improvements.
Multiwalled carbon nanotube: Luttinger versus Fermi liquid (2001)

We have measured $\mathrm{IV}$ curves of multiwalled carbon nanotubes using end contacts. At low voltages, the tunneling conductance obeys non-Ohmic power law, which is predicted both by the Luttinger liquid and the environment-quantum-fluctuation theories. However, at higher voltages we observe a crossover to Ohm's law with a Coulomb-blockade offset, which agrees with the environment-quantum-fluctuation theory, but cannot be explained by the Luttinger-liquid theory. From the high-voltage tunneling conductance we determine the transmission line parameters of the nanotubes.
Insulin resistance and risk for stroke (2002)

Insulin resistance may be a prevalent risk factor for stroke. New drugs can safely reduce insulin resistance and may have a role in stroke prevention.
Molecular basis for the loss-of-function effects of the Alzheimer's disease–associated R47H variant of the immune receptor TREM2 (2018)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an immune receptor expressed on the surface of microglia, macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts. The R47H TREM2 variant is a significant risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the molecular basis of R47H TREM2 loss of function is an emerging area of TREM2 biology. Here, we report three high-resolution structures of the extracellular ligand-binding domains (ECDs) of R47H TREM2, apo-WT, and phosphatidylserine (PS)-bound WT TREM2 at 1.8, 2.2, and 2.2 Å, respectively. The structures reveal that Arg<sup>47</sup> plays a critical role in maintaining the structural features of the complementarity-determining region 2 (CDR2) loop and the putative positive ligand-interacting surface (PLIS), stabilizing conformations capable of ligand interaction. This is exemplified in the PS-bound structure, in which the CDR2 loop and PLIS drive critical interactions with PS via surfaces that are disrupted in the variant. Together with <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> characterization, our structural findings elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying loss of ligand binding, putative oligomerization, and functional activity of R47H TREM2. They also help unravel how decreased <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> stability of TREM2 contribute to loss of function in disease.