gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational Design of Robotic Devices From High-Level Motion Specifications (2018)

We present a novel computational approach to design the robotic devices from high-level motion specifications. Our computational system uses a library of modular components-actuators, mounting brackets, and connectors-to define the space of possible robot designs. The process of creating a new robot begins with a set of input trajectories that specify how its end effectors and/or body should move. By searching through the combinatorial set of possible arrangements of modular components, our method generates a functional, as-simple-as-possible robotic device that is capable of tracking the input motion trajectories. To significantly improve the efficiency of this discrete optimization process, we propose a novel heuristic that guides the search for appropriate designs. Briefly, our heuristic function estimates how much an intermediate robot design needs to change before it becomes able to execute the target motion trajectories. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our computational design method by automatically creating a variety of robotic manipulators and legged robots. To generate these results, we define our own robotic kit that includes off-the-shelf actuators and 3-D printable connectors. We validate our results by fabricating two robotic devices designed with our method.
Generation and Application Possibilities of Terahertz Pulses with Extremely High Field Strength (2012)

Generation and application possibilities of terahertz pulses with 10 MV/cm peak electric field strength are discussed. Production of single-cycle or shaped EUV pulses with sub-nJ energy by coherent Thomson-scattering on ultrashort electron bunches is predicted.
A vaccine to provide strain-transcending immunity to group A streptococci (2011)

Organisms such a Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus), Plasmodium spp parasites and HIV present significant obstacles to vaccine development. They can subvert the immune system and present dominant antigens that can display a vast array of allelic types of variants. In spite of these obvious decoys, the main strategy to develop vaccines for these organisms has been to focus on dominant antigens or epitopes. The obvious reason for this approach is that such antigens and epitopes are easy to define. Early successes are often posted largely because homologous organisms are typically used to challenge animals post-vaccination. However, success in efficacy trials with heterologous challenge is yet to be seen.
Inhibitors of NTPDase: Key Players in the Metabolism of Extracellular Purines (2006)

ConclusionThis study described the potential of a new class of ATP analogues as NTPDase inhibitors. From previous studies, 8-BuS-ATP appears to be a specific and efficient NTPDase inhibitor.10–11 This novel inhibitor is a new tool to regulate NTPDase activity and thereby influencing purine signalling in mammalian.
Integrated Photopolarimeters (1988)

Measurement of the state of polarization of light, emitted from different sources or scattered by various objects, is significant to astronomers, atmospheric scientists, biologists, chemists, physicists, and engineers, and has a wide range of important applications. Conventional optical polarimetry is based on discrete polarizing optical elements (POE), such as crystal polarizers and wave retarders. Integrated polarimeters (IPs) depart from this established practice in that they rely on photodectors only, and require no POE. An IP integrates the polarization analysis and photodetection functions in the detectors. Three IPs are discussed: (1) the rotating-detector ellipsometer (RODE), (2) the two-detector ellipsometer (TDE), and (3) the four-detector photopolarimeter (FDP), in ascending order of apparent complexity. RODE can measure the state of polarization of totally polarized light, except for handedness; TDE provides a fast measurement of the degree of linear polarization of light and can also be operated as a handedness-blind ellipsometer; and FDP measures all the four Stokes parameters of light which is generally partially elliptically polarized. The FDP has several important advantages: (1) It has no moving parts or modulators; (2) it has a rugged design of four solid-state detectors; (3) it uses efficiently all of the input light flux for polarization determination; and (4) it is readily interfaceable with an on-line microcomputer. Further extension of these concepts include the in-line light-saving IP, and IPs that use anisotropic photodetectors.
Simple detuning method for low-chirp operation in polymer-based tunable external-cavity lasers (2015)

We propose and demonstrate a simple detuning method for the low-chirp operation of a polymer-based tunable external-cavity laser (ECL). To ensure the low-chirp operation of this directly-modulated ECL, we first obtain the optimum values of the heater current applied to the polymer Bragg grating reflector (PBR) and the operating temperature of this ECL. For this purpose, we sweep the current applied to the phase control heater until the peak output power measured from the high-reflection (HR) coated facet reaches the minimum value. We then operate this ECL with minimum chirp by tuning the lasing mode to the longer wavelength limit of the stable operation region. This is because the detuned loading effect is maximized at this limit as the in-phase condition between the lights reflected from the PBR and anti-reflection (AR) coated facet of the gain medium is satisfied. Thus, by using this method together with conventional wavelength-locking algorithm, we can operate this ECL with minimum chirp at any wavelength.
A Novel Iterative OFDMA Channel Estimation Technique for DOCSIS 3.1 Uplink Channels (2017)

This paper presents an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) channel estimation technique that jointly considers the effects of coarse timing error and multipath propagation. Many conventional approaches only consider an optimistic scenario where timing synchronization is perfect and each of the channel delays is an integer number of system samples. In realistic scenarios timing offsets and echo delays are not integer multiples of the system's sampling period. This leads to poor estimation and consequently reduces the system's overall performance. This paper proposes a novel iterative channel estimation technique, which considers the practical scenario of fractional timing error and nonsample-spaced echo delays. The proposed method does not require channel state information (e.g., second-order statistics of the channel impulse responses or the noise power). Moreover, timing error can be conveniently obtained with the proposed technique. Simulation results show that, when comparing OFDMA channel estimation techniques under realistic data over cable service interface specification 3.1 channel conditions, the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms all conventional methods known to the authors.
A CMOS uncooled heat-balancing infrared imager (2000)

In this paper, we report the fabrication, design, and testing of an uncooled 8/spl times/8 infrared imager based on an active pixel heat balancing technique. The imager is fabricated using a commercial CMOS process plus a simple electrochemical etch stop releasing step. The basic active pixel detector structure consists of a simple cascode CMOS amplifier in which the PMOS devices are built inside a thermally isolated floating n-well. The intrinsic coupling of the cascode currents with the self-heating of the well forms an electrothermal feedback loop that tends to maintain the well temperature constant, By employing the heat balance between incoming infrared radiation and the PMOS device power dissipation, the responsivity of the detector is controlled by the cascode biasing current. Measurements show responsivities between 0.3-1.2/spl times/10/sup 6/ V/W when the infrared source is chopped at 20 Hz and a detectivity D*=3/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/spl radic/(Hz)W/sup -1/ at 30 Hz. Noise measurements suggest that a D* of 10/sup 8/ cm/spl radic/(Hz)W/sup -1/ is achievable in this design.
Substitution of Two Active‐Site Residues Alters C9‐Hydroxylation in a Class II Diterpene Synthase (2016)

Diterpenes form a vast and diverse class of natural products of both ecological and economic importance. Class II diterpene synthase (diTPS) enzymes control the committed biosynthetic reactions underlying diterpene chemical diversity. Homology modelling with site-directed mutagenesis identified two active-site residues in the horehound (Marrubium vulgare) class II diTPS peregrinol diphosphate synthase (MvCPS1); residue substitutions abolished the unique MvCPS1-catalysed water-capture reaction at C9 and redirected enzyme activity toward formation of an alternative product, halima-5(10),13-dienyl diphosphate. These findings contributed new insight into the steric interactions that govern diTPS-catalysed regiospecific oxygenation reactions and highlight the feasibility of diTPS engineering to provide a broader spectrum of bioactive diterpene natural products.
Immunoassay detection of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants (1999)

The increasing use of hepatitis B vaccination has had an overwhelming positive impact on the prevention of hepatitis B viral infection. Mutations in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) gene occur as a result of vaccine escape mutants, anti-hepatitis B surface antigen immunotherapy, or in chronic hepatitis B viral infection. These mutants may present a challenge to immunoassay detection. Evaluation of the immunodetection of various HBsAg mutants has been sporadic, as the occurrence of these mutants is not common, and sufficient volume of serum samples is difficult to obtain. To investigate mutant detection, recombinant antigens were constructed to reflect mutations described in the literature occurring throughout the S gene. A limited number of serum samples exhibiting discordant immunoassay reactivity were also used to construct recombinant antigens. The evaluation of 25 HBsAg mutants across nine commercial assays of differing formats is described. Mutations affecting immunoassay performance were characterized as occurring mainly in loop 2 of the "a" determinant of HBsAg. It was determined that reagent epitope recognition was more significant for mutant detection than assay format.
Characterization of fast fading vector channels for multi-antenna communication systems (2002)

In a wireless communication environment, multipath propagation and mobile user motion result in a dispersive time-varying communication channel. In order to analyze the performance of wireless communication systems, it is necessary to define models which reasonably approximate the time varying impulse response of the radio channel. Many widely accepted scalar channel (single antenna) statistical models have been reported. In order to analyze performance for real time adaptive antenna array techniques, it is necessary to extend existing scalar channel statistical models to the vector channel (multiple antenna) case. The paper develops a statistical, time varying, dispersive, wireless vector channel model which is based on the physical propagation environment. The model is shown to be consistent with the known characteristics of the wireless communication channel. Antenna pattern interference rejection as a function of update rate is presented as an application example for the vector channel model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermoelectric Cooling Analysis Using Modified-Graphical-Method for Multidimensional-Heat-Transfer-System (2011)

Comprehensive analysis of microelectronic cooling systems utilizing thermoelectric modules is time consuming because it involves solving many parametric equations, which require solving complex mathematical equations or the assistance of an expensive computation-fluid-dynamic software. In this study, a modified-graphical method (MGM) based on a previous study by Lineykin and Ben-Yaakov is proposed to analyze an active cooling system using thermoelectric modules. The MGM provides quicker visualization of the cooling requirement such as the optimum operating currents, temperature of the hot side, and coefficient of performance without the need of using any manufacturer’s proprietary data. In addition, the MGM is designed to analyze a multidimensional-heat-transfer-system utilizing thermoelectric modules (Phan, H., and Agonafer, D., 2010, “Experimental Analysis Model of an Active Cooling Method for 3D-ICs Utilizing Multidimensional Configured Thermoelectric Coolers,” ASME J. Electron. Packag. 132(2), p. 024501).
Development of Bone Substitute Materials : Calcium Phosphate Scaffold Materials (2004)

Introduction: Joint replacement procedures such as revision impaction grafting and spinal fusion interbody operations are stretching allograft bone stocks to their limits. The need for synthetic alternatives that offer a structural and biological matrix for graft incorporation are paramount for future bone regeneration procedures. Synthetic bone graft alternatives that offer biocompatibility to the host bone (i.e. a biological response) such as hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP), in addition to possessing an interconnected porosity network have been shown to have a strong influence on the osteoinductive potential of these materials. The current method allows the production of calcium phosphate ceramic components (CPC) that possess an interconnected open porous network in the required size range for osteoid growth and revascularisation.

Materials and Methods: The method can be described as the reticulated foam technique, whereby two grades of calcium phosphate powder are blended together to form a HA/TCP ceramic slip. The slip is then ball milled for 24hrs with zirconia milling media. This slip is used to impregnate polyurethane (PU) foam via a mechanical plunging procedure. The impregnated foam is then held above the slip bath in order for the slip to flow and coat the struts of the foam. The impregnated foam is then dried on tissue paper and treated with high velocity compressed air to avoid the formation of any closed cells. Samples are dried at 120°C for 15hrs. The PU foams are graded as 30 and 45ppi (pores per inch). The slip viscosity ranges from 6000 – 8000 cps (measured with a Brookfield Viscometer, spindle no. 5 and at 10rpm). Samples are sintered slowly until 600°C to ensure PU burnout is complete. Sintering continues up to 1280°C to ensure densification. Image analysis was performed using optical microscopy, digital photography and SEM analysis. Mechanical testing was performed by 3 point bending using an 1122 Instron.

Results: Macroporosity in the samples varied from 40 – 70%. Typical pore sizes far exceeded 300μm (the pore size acknowledged as that needed for osteogenesis). Approx. 79% of all pores were between 150 – 450μm in area equivalent diameter. Typical strut thicknesses ranging from 100 – 500μm were also reported, as was a strut thickness-pore size-mechanical strength relationship. One hundred and twenty samples possessed a breaking stress with a 95% confidence level of 0.30MPa±0.01MPa. The low strengths reported are due to the formation of blow-out holes at triple point junctions on the interconnected struts.

Conclusions: Major requirements for replacement bone materials have been met including a wide range of interconnected porosity from 50 – 1000μm. Bioactivity combined with an excellent porosity size range suggests excellent possibility of osteogenesis. In addition, this fabrication procedure offers consistency and reliability. Future work will focus on improving the strength of these open porous calcium phosphate ceramics.
Polarity-Controllable Silicon Nanowire Transistors With Dual Threshold Voltages (2014)

Gate-all-around (GAA) silicon nanowires enable an unprecedented electrostatic control on the semiconductor channel that can push device performance with continuous scaling. In modern electronic circuits, the control of the threshold voltage is essential for improving circuit performance and reducing static power consumption. Here, we propose a silicon nanowire transistor with three independent GAA electrodes, demonstrating, within a unique device, a dynamic configurability in terms of both polarity and threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ). This silicon nanowire transistor is fabricated using a vertically stacked structure with a top-down approach. Unlike conventional threshold voltage modulation techniques, the threshold control of this device is achieved by adapting the control scheme of the potential barriers at the source and drain interfaces and in the channel. Compared to conventional dual-threshold techniques, the proposed device does not tradeoff the leakage reduction at the detriment of the ON-state current, but only through a later turn-ON coming from a higher V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> . This property offers leakage control at a reduction of loss in performance. The measured characteristic demonstrates a threshold voltage difference of ~0.5 V between low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and high-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> configurations, while high-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> configuration reduces the leakage current by two orders of magnitude as compared to low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> configuration.
Thermal coupling links to liquid‐only transfer streams: A path for new dividing wall columns (2014)

We propose new dividing wall columns (DWCs) that are equivalent to the fully thermally coupled (FTC) configurations. While our method can draw such configurations for any given n‐component mixture (n ≥ 3), we discuss in detail the DWCs for ternary and quaternary feed mixtures. A special feature of all the new DWCs is that during operation, they allow independent control of the vapor flow rate in each partitioned zone of the DWC by means that are external to the column. Because of this feature, we believe that the new arrangements presented in this work will enable the FTC configuration to be successfully implemented and optimally operated as a DWC in an industrial setting for any number of components. Also, interesting column arrangements result when a new DWC drawn for an n‐component mixture is adapted for the distillation of a mixture containing more than n components. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 2949–2961, 2014
A vision-guided robot manipulator for surgical instrument singulation in a cluttered environment (2014)

The logistics of counting, sorting, sterilizing, and transporting surgical instruments is labor and capital intensive. Furthermore, infection due to improper sterilization is a critical safety hazard. To address these problems, we have developed a unique robotic manipulation system that is capable of accurately singulating surgical instruments in a cluttered environment. Our solution is comprised of two parts. First, we use a single-view vision algorithm for identifying surgical instruments from a pile and estimating their poses. Occlusion reasoning is performed to determine the next instrument to grip using a contrast invariant feature descriptor. Second, we design a compliant electromagnetic gripper that is capable of picking up the identified surgical instrument based on its estimated pose. We validate our solution through instrument singulation experiments demonstrating identification, localization accuracy, and robustness of occlusion reasoning as well as the flexibility of the electromagnetic gripper.
Combining Static and Dynamic Analysis for Automatic Identification of Precise Access-Control Policies (2007)

Given a large component-based program, it may be very complex to identify an optimal access-control policy, allowing the program to execute with no authorization failures and no violations of the principle of least privilege. This paper presents a novel combination of static and dynamic analysis for automatic determination of precise access-control policies for programs that will be executed on stack-based access control systems, such as Java and the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The static analysis soundly models the execution of the program taking into account native methods, reflection, and multi-threaded code. The dynamic analysis interactively refines the potentially conservative results of the static analysis, with no need for writing or generating test cases or for restarting the system if an authorization failure occurs during testing, and no risk of corrupting the underlying system on which the analysis is performed. We implemented the analysis framework presented by this paper in an analysis tool for Java programs, called Access-Control Explorer (ACE). ACE allows for automatic, safe, and precise identification of access-right requirements and library-code locations that should be made privilege-asserting to prevent client code from requiring unnecessary access rights. This paper presents experimental results obtained on large production-level applications.
An efficient low-dimensional color indexing scheme for region-based image retrieval (1999)

In this work, an efficient low-dimensional color indexing scheme for region-based image retrieval is presented. The colors in each image region are first quantized so that only a small number of cluster centroids are needed to represent the region color information. The proposed color feature descriptor consists of these quantized colors and their percentages in the region. A similarity distance measure is defined and shown to be equivalent to the quadratic color histogram distance measure. The quantized colors are indexed in the 3-D color space so that high-dimensional indexing can be avoided. During the search process, each quantized color in the query is used as a separate cue to find matches containing that color. The matches from all the query colors are then joined to obtain the final retrievals. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is fast and accurate compared to the color histogram approach.
<title>In-vivo tissue characterization by Raman spectroscopy</title> (1998)

Vibrational spectroscopies hold great promise for applications in medical diagnosis, especially if they can be applied in vivo. Recent advances in flexible fiber probe design, enable good quality Raman spectra of tissue to be obtained in vivo. Here we illustrate this with Raman spectra of rat tissues, obtained ex vivo and in vivo.
Biological activities of curcuminoids, other biomolecules from turmeric and their derivatives – A review (2016)

In recent years, several drugs have been developed deriving from traditional products and current drug research is actively investigating the possible therapeutic roles of many Ayruvedic and Traditional Indian medicinal therapies. Among those being investigated is Turmeric. Its most important active ingredient is curcuminoids. Curcuminoids are phenolic compounds commonly used as a spice, pigment and additive also utilized as a therapeutic agent used in several foods. Comprehensive research over the last century has revealed several important functions of curcuminoids. Various preclinical cell culture and animals studies suggest that curcuminoids have extensive biological activity as an antioxidant, neuroprotective, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-acidogenic, radioprotective and arthritis. Different clinical trials also suggest a potential therapeutic role for curcuminoids in numerous chronic diseases such as colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the chemistry, analog, metal complex, formulations of curcuminoids and their biological activities.