gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurotoxicity of human eosinophils (1979)

Eosinophils contain a substance that is neurotoxic when injected intracerebrally or intrathecally into laboratory animals-an effect known as the "Gordon phenomenon." We found neurotoxic activity in eosinophils from three patients with eosinophilic syndromes by injecting cell preparations into rabbits and guinea pigs. These animals developed a syndrome of muscular rigidity and ataxia, progressing to severe paralysis. No neurotoxic activity was found in preparations of polymorphonuclear or mononuclear leukocytes from normal donors. Examination of the brains of affected animals confirmed widespread loss of Purkinje cells, as described by earlier investigators. A new finding was severe spongy change occurring in the white matter of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Electron microscopic examination showed that vacuoles formed within the myelin sheaths of axons by separation of lamellae. Associated axonal degeneration was common and was also seen occasionally in peripheral nerves. Gray matter in the cerebral hemispheres and spinal cord was normal. This eosinophil-derived neurotoxin was partially purified by ultracentrifugation of sonicated eosinophils and fractionation of the supernate by gel filtration. Fractions with neurotoxic activity eluted at a position consistent with a molecular weight of approximately 15,000. The neurotoxic activity of this material withstood lyophilization and dialysis but was destroyed by heating to 90 degrees C. Injection of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin into laboratory animals may provide a useful short-term experimental model for study of mechanisms of damage to myelinated nerve fibers. The clinical significance of the Gordon phenomenon has yet to be established.
Sphingolipid Long-Chain Base Hydroxylation Is Important for Growth and Regulation of Sphingolipid Content and Composition in<i>Arabidopsis</i>  (2008)

Sphingolipids are structural components of endomembranes and function through their metabolites as bioactive regulators of cellular processes such as programmed cell death. A characteristic feature of plant sphingolipids is their high content of trihydroxy long-chain bases (LCBs) that are produced by the LCB C-4 hydroxylase. To determine the functional significance of trihydroxy LCBs in plants, T-DNA double mutants and RNA interference suppression lines were generated for the two Arabidopsis thaliana LCB C-4 hydroxylase genes Sphingoid Base Hydroxylase1 (SBH1) and SBH2. These plants displayed reductions in growth that were dependent on the content of trihydroxy LCBs in sphingolipids. Double sbh1 sbh2 mutants, which completely lacked trihydroxy LCBs, were severely dwarfed, did not progress from vegetative to reproductive growth, and had enhanced expression of programmed cell death associated-genes. Furthermore, the total content of sphingolipids on a dry weight basis increased as the relative amounts of trihydroxy LCBs decreased. In trihydroxy LCB-null mutants, sphingolipid content was approximately 2.5-fold higher than that in wild-type plants. Increases in sphingolipid content resulted from the accumulation of molecular species with C16 fatty acids rather than with very-long-chain fatty acids, which are more commonly enriched in plant sphingolipids, and were accompanied by decreases in amounts of C16-containing species of chloroplast lipids. Overall, these results indicate that trihydroxy LCB synthesis plays a central role in maintaining growth and mediating the total content and fatty acid composition of sphingolipids in plants.
A conformal antenna on a passive UHF RFID tag using 97% carbon content graphene-based conductors and paper substrates (2017)

Passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are being applied to many different industries and because of this, these systems are being required to operate in complex electromagnetic environments. This may require tags to operate on different surface types or time varying shapes. This paper presents a conformal antenna design that can be used on a passive UHF RFID tag with a paper substrate. More specifically, instead of copper conductors for the antenna, commercially available 97% carbon content graphene-based material is used to mitigate conductor failure; which has been observed in copper-based conformal antenna designs. Simulations and read-range measurements (2.1 meters) of a prototype UHF passive RFID tag with graphene-based conductors and dimensions similar to commercially available copper-based designs are shown.
Parallel and sequential mutual exclusions for petri net modeling of manufacturing systems with shared resources (1991)

A theoretical basis for Petri net synthesis methods is provided that can be used to model systems with shared resources, and to make the resulting nets bounded, live, and reversible. Two resource-sharing concepts, parallel mutual exclusion (PME) and sequential mutual exclusion (SME), are formulated in the context of the Petri net theory. A PME models a resource shared by distinct independent processes, and an SME is a sequential composition of PMEs, modeling a resource shared by sequentially related processes. The conditions under which a net containing such structures remains bounded, live, and reversible are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6β‐Methyl Analogues of Mifepristone, New Selective Antiprogestagens. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cardiovascular effects of centrally administered endothelin-1 in rats. (1995)

The effect of centrally administered endothelin-1 (ET-1) or IRL 1620 (5, 15, and 45 ng) on systemic hemodynamics was studied in anesthetized rats using a radioactive microsphere technique. Administration of saline (5 microliters, i.c.v.) did not product any significant cardiovascular effects. The lower doses of ET-1 (5 and 15 ng) did not produce any significant effect on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and total peripheral resistance (TPR). However, the highest dose (45 ng) produced a transient rise followed by a sustained fall in BP. The CO and SV decreased significantly, whereas HR and TPR were not affected. Pretreatment with BQ-123 (10 micrograms, i.c.v.) 15 min before administration of ET-1, completely antagonized the systemic hemodynamic effects of ET-1. Centrally administered IRL 1620, a specific ETB receptor agonist, did not produce any effect on BP, HR, CO, SV, and TPR in rats. It is concluded that ETA but not ETB receptors are involved in the central cardiovascular actions of ET.
A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR SIGNAL REPRESENTATION AND SOURCE SEPARATION: APPLICATIONS TO FILTERING AND SEGMENTATION OF BIOSIGNALS (2006)

A general technique for representing quasi-periodic oscillations, typical of biomedical signals, is described. Using energy thresholding and Gaussian kernels, in conjunction with a nonlinear gradient descent optimization, it is shown that significant noise reduction, compression and turning point location is possible. As such, the signal representation model can be considered a form of correlated source separation. Applications to filtering, modelling and robust ECG QT-analysis are described.
Bleeding to adrenal gland in adults. (1995)

At the Department of Urology in Hradec Králové five patients were treated in 1991 to 1993 with bleeding to the adrenal glands. We present our reports of these patients and stress the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis.
Gatestacks for scalable high-performance FinFETs (2007)

Excellent performance (995 muA/mum at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> =94 n A/mum and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> =lV) and short channel effect control are achieved for tall, narrow FinFETs without mobility enhancement. Near-ideal fin/gate profiles are achieved with standard 193 nm immersion lithography and dry etch. PVD TiN electrodes on Hf SiO dielectrics are shown to give improved NMOS performance over PEALD TiN whilst poorer conformality, for both dielectric and gate electrode, does not appear to impact scalability or performance. Excellent PMOS performance is achieved for both PEALD and PVD TiN. A new model for threshold voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> variability is shown to explain this dependence upon fin width and gate length.
The Development of Standardized, Low-Cost AC PV Systems; Final Technical Report; 8 September 1995-30 June 1998 (1999)

Solar Design Associates, Inc. (SDA), of Harvard, Massachusetts, and Solarex Corporation, of Frederick, Maryland, teamed with Advanced Energy Systems (AES) of Wilton, New Hampshire, to pursue a multi-level program under a Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) solicitation. This program was targeted at design innovation, standardization, and modularity, with the goal to deliver low-cost AC PV systems to the utility-interactive market. One significant result of this program is that Solarex filed a U.S. patent application on the new module frame and mounting system that was developed with support from PVMaT. Solarex has already started to manufacture this new combination framing and array mounting system, and a number of residential-scale installations are already in place in the field. The major AES accomplishment under this program was the development of a reliable, FCC-compliant AC module inverter fully listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL). The inverter passed various environmental tests, including those required by UL (the same temperature and humidity cycling tests that PV modules require), and is now in commercial production.
High-Resolution Intracranial Pressure Burden and Outcome in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2015)

PTDICP may better define one of the insults that the brain suffers after aneurysmal rupture, and exposure to moderate PTDICP30 was significant prognostic factor of 6-month unfavorable outcome.
The evolution of water cooling for IBM large server systems: Back to the future (2008)

This paper provides a technical perspective and review of water cooling technology as implemented through 5 generations of IBM's high performance computing systems from the S360/91 to the recently announced IBM Power 575 supercomputing system. The use of hybrid air-to-water cooling and then indirect (cold plate) water cooling in earlier IBM systems is described. Attention is given to how and why water-cooling was implemented to provide the required cooling capability while maintaining ease of serviceability at the module level. Also discussed is the use of a Cooling Distribution Unit (CDU) to control cooling system water temperature, distribute water to multiple racks and serve as a buffer between system water and customer facility water. Rising microprocessor power dissipation, increased heat loads at the data center level, and demands for increased cooling energy efficiency are presented as driving the need for the reintroduction of water cooling. The introduction of the rear door heat exchanger to respond to the challenge of rising heat loads at the data center level is discussed. Finally, the IBM Power 575 water cooling system is described. Included in the discussion are the coolant flow architecture and the incorporation of Modular Water cooling Units (MWU's) within the server frame replacing the remote CDU concept.
Ultrahigh speed modulation-doped heterostructure field-effect photodetectors (1983)

We have developed a sensitive, ultrahigh speed photodetector which has a structure of a modulation-doped AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs field-effect transistor. In spite of a large gate-drain spacing of &gt;8 μm and a gate length of &gt;20 μm, this detector exhibited a rise time of 12 ps and a full width at half-maximum of 27 ps. When tested by a 8200-Å GaAs injection laser, the detector showed an ac (&gt;20 MHz) external quantum efficiency of &gt;630%, i.e., 9 times more sensitive than a pin photodiode. In view of its high sensitivity, ultrahigh speed, and compatibility with modulation-doped field-effect transistors, this detector has promise for a variety of high-speed optical applications.
Optical Mirror-Mount Design and Philosophy (1964)

This paper highlights mirror-mounting philosophies, some present state-of-the-art mounting techniques, and a proposed mounting scheme for space application. Ideal mount-design objectives are listed as a design guide. The environmental design criteria for both earth and space applications are included in the discussion. The mounting techniques for earth applications include (1) three-point mount system, (2) more than three-point mount system, and (3) counterweight flotation mount system. The author proposes a mounting system consisting of a combination of a three-point support using spherical-ball-flexure straps and a uniform air pad for a large thin quartz mirror capable of being placed in orbit by a rocket.
Detecting association in a case-control study while correcting for population stratification (2000)

Case-control studies are subject to the problem of population stratification, which can occur in ethnically mixed populations and can lead to significant associations being detected at loci that have nothing to do with disease. Here, we describe a way to measure and correct for stratification by genotyping a moderate number of unlinked genetic markers in the same set of cases and controls in which a candidate association was found. The average of association statistics across the markers directly measures stratification. By dividing the candidate association statistic by this average, a P-value can be obtained that corrects for stratification.
A Meta-Analysis of Osteosarcoma Outcomes in the Modern Medical Era (2012)

Four decades ago, specialized chemotherapy regimens turned osteosarcoma, once considered a uniformly fatal disease, into a disease in which a majority of patients survive. Though significant survival gains were made from the 1960s to the 1980s, further outcome improvements appear to have plateaued. This study aims to comprehensively review all significant, published data regarding osteosarcoma and outcome in the modern medical era in order to gauge treatment progress. Our results indicate that published survival improved dramatically from 1960s to 1980s and then leveled, or in some measures decreased. Recurrence rates decreased in the 1970s and then leveled. In contrast, published limb salvage rates have increased significantly every recent decade until the present. Though significant gains have been made in the past, no improvement in published osteosarcoma survival has been seen since 1980, highlighting the importance of a new strategy in the systemic management of this still very lethal condition.
Styrene-based plastics and their modification (1990)

Polystrene modification of chemical resistance modification of impact properties - of average density and thermoinsulating properties - of durability - of flammability - of electrical conductivity - of rheological properties - of strength characteristics - of heat resistance.
Measurement of magnetic field by polarisation optical time-domain reflectometry (1981)

The technique of polarisation optical time-domain reflectometry has been used to measure magnetic field through the use of the Faraday effect. A spatial resolution of 0.4 m was achieved, and a sensitivity corresponding to a magnetic field of 10−3 T over a length of 0.5 m was obtained.
Picometer and nanoradian optical heterodyne interferometry for translation and tilt metrology of the LISA gravitational reference sensor (2009)

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) aims at detecting gravitational waves by referencing heterodyne interferometry to free-flying (inertial) proof masses, located at the corners of a triangle with 5 million kilometers arm length. The position of each proof mass with respect to the associated satellite must be measured with 1 pm Hz−1/2-sensitivity in translation measurement and below 10 nrad Hz−1/2-sensitivity in attitude. In this paper, we present a compact heterodyne interferometer utilizing polarizing optics combined with the method of differential wavefront sensing (DWS) serving as a demonstrator for a complete optical readout system of the proof mass translation and attitude aboard the LISA satellites. Our interferometer is based on a highly symmetric design, where reference and measurement beam have similar optical paths and equal polarization and frequency. Intensity stabilization of the laser radiation, phaselock of the laser frequencies at the fiber outputs and a digital phase measurement based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) are implemented to achieve noise levels below 10 pm Hz−1/2 and 10 nrad Hz−1/2, respectively, for frequencies >10−2 Hz.
Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Pollen Fertility Under High Temperature Stress at Flowering Stage in Rice (2011)

The quantitative trait loci(QTLs) underlying tolerance to high temperature stress(HTS) were identified using the recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from a cross between the heat tolerant rice line 996 and the sensitive line 4628.Pollen fertility was used as the heat-tolerance indicator for the lines,which was determined when the lines was subjected to HTS at the flowering stage in field experiments.Two QTLs that affected pollen fertility were detected in the interval between RM5687 and RM471 on chromosome 4,and between RM190 and RM225 on chromosome 6 by using composite interval mapping(CIM) analysis.The QTL qPF4 on chromosome 4 explained 15.1% of the total variation in pollen fertility,and increased the pollen fertility of HTS-subjected plants by 7.15%.The second QTL qPF6 on chromosome 6 explained 9.31% of the total variation in pollen fertility,and increased the pollen fertility of plants subjected to HTS by 5.25%.The positive additive effects of the two QTLs were derived from the line 996 alleles.The two major QTLs identified should be useful for further fine mapping and cloning of these genes and for molecular marker-assisted selection of heat-tolerant rice cultivars.
Ultraviolet light induced DNA damage and repair in bovine lens epithelial cells (1990)

DNA damage caused by UV-B and UV-A irradiation and the rate of repair of such damage was quantitated in bovine lens epithelial cell cultures using a modified alkaline elution methodology. Two enzymes, bacteriophage T4 endonuclease V, which cleaves at the the site of pyrimidine dimers, and E. coli endonuclease III, which cleaves at the site of thymine glycols, wen utilized. Pyrimidine dimers were not detected after UV-A irradiation of lens cultures with up ti 400 J/m. In contrast, after exposure to as little as 2 J/mof UV-B irradiation, large numbers of pyrimidine dimers were observed. At higher fluences, thymine glycols were also found. Significant levels of DNA-DNA crosslinking were suggested by reduced rates of elution of DNA from cells treated with both UV-B irradiation and HOin comparison to treatment with HOalone. Protein-DNA crosslinks, in contrast, were not observed. The rate of repair of UV-B induced DNA damage was quantitated by harvesting cells at various times after the UV-B exposure. Single-strand breaks were never observed immediately after UV-B exposure but appeared late during the repair phase. In contrast to the repair of HOinduced DNA damage, which is largely completed within 30 min of exposure, more than 50% of the UV-B light induced DNA damage remained unrepaired five hours after exposure. This difference between the rate of repair of HO and UV-B induced DNA damage could provide valuable insights into the nature of DNA damaging agents i: the lens environment and may reflect underlying differences in the potential for epithelial cell DNA mutation in response to various DNA damaging insults.
13. Organ Donation for Transplantation (2023)

This chapter examines legal and ethical issues in relation to organ donation for transplantation in the UK. First, an overview is provided of key legislation and organisations involved in the area, before moving on to examine legal and ethical issues arising from a diagnosis of brain stem or circulatory death, which must take place before organ donation from a deceased donor can proceed. A detailed analysis is then provided of law and regulation of deceased organ donation, with a particular focus on the new opt-out (deemed consent/authorisation) systems which are now in place in the UK’s four jurisdictions. An analysis of living organ donation for the purposes of transplantation is then provided, which is followed by an exploration of ethical issues relevant to trade and commerce in organs. The final section of the chapter provides a brief overview of scientific, legal, and ethical issues at stake in xenotransplantation.
Effects of Radiotherapy and Surgery in Early Breast Cancer — An Overview of the Randomized Trials (1996)

<p><strong>Background</strong>\nRandomized trials of radiotherapy and surgery for early breast cancer may have been too small to detect differences in long-term survival and recurrence reliably. We therefore performed a systematic overview (meta-analysis) of the results of such trials.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Methods</strong>\nInformation was sought on each subject from investigators who conducted trials that began before 1985 and that compared local therapies for early breast cancer. Data on mortality were available from 36 trials comparing radiotherapy plus surgery with the same type of surgery alone, 10 comparing more-extensive surgery with less-extensive surgery, and 18 comparing more-extensive surgery with less-extensive surgery plus radiotherapy. Information on mortality was available for 28,405 women (97.4 percent of the 29,175 women in the trials).</p>\n\n<p><strong>Results</strong>\nThe addition of radiotherapy to surgery resulted in a rate of local recurrence that was three times lower than the rate with surgery alone, but there was no significant difference in 10-year survival; among a total of 17,273 women enrolled in such trials, mortality was 40.3 percent with radiotherapy and 41.4 percent without radiotherapy (P = 0.3). Radiotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of death due to breast cancer (odds ratio, 0.94; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.00; P = 0.03), which indicates that, after 10 years, there would be about 0 to 5 fewer deaths due to breast cancer per 100 women. However, there was an increased risk of death from other causes (odds ratio, 1.24; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.42; P = 0.002). This, together with the age-specific death rates, implies, after 10 years, a few extra deaths not due to breast cancer per 100 older women or per 1000 younger women. During the first decade or two after diagnosis, the excess in the rate of such deaths that was associated with radiotherapy was much greater among women who were over 60 years of age at randomization (15.3 percent vs. 11.1 percent [339 vs. 249 deaths]) than among those under 50 (2.5 percent vs. 2.0 percent [62 vs. 49 deaths]). Breast-conserving surgery involved some risk of recurrence in the remaining tissue, but no significant differences in overall survival at 10 years were found in the studies of mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery plus radiotherapy (4891 women), more-extensive surgery versus less-extensive surgery (4818 women), or axillary clearance versus radiotherapy as adjuncts to mastectomy (4370 women).</p>\n\n<p><strong>Conclusions</strong>\nSome of the local therapies for breast cancer had substantially different effects on the rates of local recurrence — such as the reduced recurrence with the addition of radiotherapy to surgery — but there were no definite differences in overall survival at 10 years.</p>