gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic Extraction of Low Molecular Weight Cationic Analytes from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Containing Sample Matrices for Their Direct Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2015)

While the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in separation buffers allows efficient analysis of complex mixtures, its presence in the sample matrix is known to severely interfere with the mass-spectrometric characterization of analyte molecules. In this article, we report a microfluidic device that addresses this analytical challenge by enabling inline electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of low molecular weight cationic samples prepared in SDS containing matrices. The functionality of this device relies on the continuous extraction of analyte molecules into an SDS-free solvent stream based on the free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE) technique prior to their ESI-MS analysis. The reported extraction was accomplished in our current work in a glass channel with microelectrodes fabricated along its sidewalls to realize the desired electric field. Our experiments show that a key challenge to successfully operating such a device is to suppress the electroosmotically driven fluid circulations generated in its extraction channel that otherwise tend to vigorously mix the liquid streams flowing through this duct. A new coating medium, N-(2-triethoxysilylpropyl) formamide, recently demonstrated by our laboratory to nearly eliminate electroosmotic flow in glass microchannels was employed to address this issue. Applying this surface modifier, we were able to efficiently extract two different peptides, human angiotensin I and MRFA, individually from an SDS containing matrix using the FFZE method and detect them at concentrations down to 3.7 and 6.3 μg/mL, respectively, in samples containing as much as 10 mM SDS. Notice that in addition to greatly reducing the amount of SDS entering the MS instrument, the reported approach allows rapid solvent exchange for facilitating efficient analyte ionization desired in ESI-MS analysis.
Microwave Vortex‐Beam Emitter Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons (2018)

Abstract Since orbital angular momentum (OAM) being investigated intensively in the optical region, there have been growing interests in employing OAM to solve the problem in wireless communications as a new method. It is found that the independence between different OAM modes is crucial to wireless communications. Motivated by the tremendous potential of OAM in communication systems, a novel method to generate vortex beams by spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is proposed. A looped double‐layer spoof SPP waveguide is applied to realize the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Beam emitting is accomplished through a series of circular patches, whose role is not only the radiation units but also resonators giving rise to the phase shifts required by the vortex beam. The proposed method is validated by both numerical simulation and experiment. The measured results show that spoof SPP are radiated by the circular patches and vortex beams carrying different OAM modes are observed at different frequencies. The proposed method possesses smaller size and is much easier to be integrated into systems and integrated circuits. The simple structure and design procedure make the proposed method promising in future wireless communication systems.
Influence of the modulation method on the conduction and switching losses of a PWM converter system (1991)

The authors explore the dependency of the conduction losses of a bridge leg of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) power converter system with a high pulse rate on the shape of the phase modulation functions. This is done for modulation methods that are optimized with respect to minimum harmonic current RMS values. The results are compared to the results gained for simple sinusoidal modulation. Besides conduction losses, the switching losses of the electric valves are calculated. The main topic is the determination of those power loss components of a PWM converter system that can be (besides the harmonic losses) influenced by the modulation method selected. As the calculations show, these modulation methods allow a significant increase of the effective switching frequency. The optimal modulation as calculated leads to a reduction of the harmonic power loss in the upper modulation region. Furthermore, due to the frequency modulation the spectrum is spread out to a wider frequency band as compared to operation with constant pulse frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study of the Consumption of Vinylene Carbonate in Li[Ni<sub>0.33</sub>Mn<sub>0.33</sub>Co<sub>0.33</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>/Graphite Pouch Cells (2014)

The fate of the electrolyte additive, vinylene carbonate (VC), in 220 and 240 mAh Li[Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33]O2/graphite pouch cells filled with 1M LiPF6 EC:EMC (3:7) base electrolyte during formation, brief cycling and storage was studied using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). During formation, almost all VC was consumed for cells initially loaded with 1% or 2% VC while cells initially containing 4% VC or 6% VC had about 2% VC consumed. The addition of some additive combinations greatly reduced the amount of VC consumed during formation while other additives hardly affected the amount of VC consumed. Potential hold experiments at 40°C and 50°C suggested that no measurable amount of VC was consumed at the positive electrode and that VC was primarily consumed at the negative electrode. In general, the impedance of cells increased with the amount of VC consumed but cell history also affected the impedance.
The mitochondrial heme exporter FLVCR1b mediates erythroid differentiation (2012)

Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1 (FLVCR1) is a cell membrane heme exporter that maintains the balance between heme levels and globin synthesis in erythroid precursors. It was previously shown that Flvcr1-null mice died in utero due to a failure of erythropoiesis. Here, we identify Flvcr1b, a mitochondrial Flvcr1 isoform that promotes heme efflux into the cytoplasm. Flvcr1b overexpression promoted heme synthesis and in vitro erythroid differentiation, whereas silencing of Flvcr1b caused mitochondrial heme accumulation and termination of erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, mice lacking the plasma membrane isoform (Flvcr1a) but expressing Flvcr1b had normal erythropoiesis, but exhibited hemorrhages, edema, and skeletal abnormalities. Thus, FLVCR1b regulates erythropoiesis by controlling mitochondrial heme efflux, whereas FLVCR1a expression is required to prevent hemorrhages and edema. The aberrant expression of Flvcr1 isoforms may play a role in the pathogenesis of disorders characterized by an imbalance between heme and globin synthesis.
Lexicon-driven word recognition (2002)

Most conventional document understanding systems use lexicons only in a postprocessing step to verify or correct character recognition results. The authors present a new approach to word recognition that uses a lexicon to "drive" the recognition process. Lexicon words are encoded in trie data structures, and recognition of a word image is done by searching a lexicon trie for a path whose node characters yield the best match to the word image. This approach has two important advantages. First, it is segmentation-free; there is no need to presegment the text image into isolated characters. Second, it performs recognition by verifying character hypotheses, as opposed to the classification method used in most conventional optical character recognition (OCR) systems. Hence, the recognition process is more efficient and the results are more accurate. They demonstrated the feasibility and the advantage of this approach with a lexicon size of more than 50000 words, on severely degraded images.
Chemistry and Fundamentals of the Sol–Gel Process (2015)

Sol–gel materials are metastable solids that are formed in kinetically controlled reactions from molecular precursors, which constitute the building blocks for the later materials. This chapter discusses in detail the chemical and physical principles behind the individual steps of sol–gel processing. In alkoxide-based systems, hydrolysis reactions of Si-OR groups must precede condensation to generate the Si-OH groups, which are necessary for condensation. The chapter discusses gelation focusing on silica, but is analogous for other materials. The sol–gel transition (gel point) is reached when a continuous network is formed. The chemical reactions leading to network formation are not finished with gelation, and structural rearrangements take place in the wet gels. This phenomenon increases the stiffness of the gels and is called aging. The final step in the synthesis of many sol–gel materials is some postsynthesis treatment after or concomitant with drying, depending on the intended properties or uses.
Few-Boson Dynamics in Double Wells: From Single-Atom to Correlated Pair Tunneling (2008)

We investigate few-boson tunneling in a one-dimensional double well, covering the full crossover from weak interactions to the fermionization limit of strong correlations. Based on exact quantum-dynamical calculations, it is found that the tunneling dynamics of two atoms evolves from Rabi oscillations to correlated pair tunneling as we increase the interaction strength. Near the fermionization limit, fragmented-pair tunneling is observed and analyzed in terms of the population imbalance and two-body correlations. For more atoms, the tunneling dynamics near fermionization is shown to be sensitive to both atom number and initial configuration.
Electrodeless dielectrophoresis for bioanalysis: Theory, devices and applications (2011)

Dielectrophoresis is a non-destructive, label-free method to manipulate and separate (bio-) particles and macromolecules. The mechanism is based on the movement of polarizable objects in an inhomogeneous electric field. Here, microfluidic devices are reviewed that generate those inhomogeneous electric fields with insulating posts or constrictions, an approach called electrodeless or insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Possible advantages compared to electrode-based designs are a less complex, monolithic fabrication process with low-cost polymeric substrates and no metal surface deterioration within the area of sample analysis. The electrodeless design has led to novel devices, implementing the functionality directly into the channel geometry and covering many areas of bioanalysis, like manipulation and separation of particles, cells, DNA, and proteins.
Initial McGill Experience with Fluorodeoxyglucose pet/ct Staging of Soft-Tissue Sarcoma (2010)

Although pet may be helpful in specific circumstances, routine use of fluorodeoxyglucose pet imaging for detection of metastatic disease as part of the initial staging of soft-tissue sarcoma added little to imaging by chest ct and was unlikely to alter management in our series.
Administration of Antioxidant Vitamins Does Not Alter Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity in Subjects with Central Obesity (1997)

In vitro studies suggest that oxidized low density lipoprotein inhibits fibrinolysis by stimulating the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI). We assessed the effects of dietary antioxidant vitamins for four weeks on three indices of copper mediated oxidation of very low and low density lipoproteins (VLDL+LDL) and plasma fibrinolytic activities in 15 male subjects with central obesity, a condition associated with increased PAI activity. Vitamin administration resulted in a decrease in production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances from 29.3 +/- 3.9 to 13.6 +/- 3.5 nmoles/mg VLDL + LDL protein (mean +/- SE, p <0.003), an increase in the lag phase of conjugated diene formation from 94.8 +/- 5.5 to 225.0 +/- 31.9 min (p <0.001) and an increase in reactivity of lysine residues from 73.6% +/- 4.8% to 86.8% +/- 3.6% (p <0.034) demonstrating a reduction in the susceptibility of the lipoproteins to oxidation. However, antioxidant vitamins had no effect on plasma PAI activity, PAI antigen, tissue-type plasminogen activator activity and antigen, fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products. These results do not support the hypothesis that lipoprotein oxidation is a significant cause of impaired fibrinolysis in men with central obesity.
Efficacy and Safety of Ixabepilone (BMS-247550) in a Phase II Study of Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer Resistant to an Anthracycline, a Taxane, and Capecitabine (2007)

Ixabepilone demonstrated clear activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with MBC resistant to anthracycline, taxane, and capecitabine. Responses were durable and notable in patients who had not previously responded to multiple prior therapies.
Probing the Plasmonic Near-Field of Gold Nanocrescent Antennas (2010)

We present an investigation of the plasmon-induced electromagnetic near-field around gold nanocrescent (NC) antennas which exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in the infrared. To probe the near-field behavior, we monitored the LSPR shift of NCs to adsorption of dielectric layers of varying thickness. The experimental results are analyzed using theoretical simulations, and the EM field decay lengths for the NCs are determined. We discuss how the structural properties of NC antennas influence the near-field properties and compare the results with the near-fields of other metal nanostructures. We show that the near-field distribution around NCs depends strongly on the structural parameters of the NC and that its spatial extent can be tuned to large distances (>700 nm) from the nanostructure surface. In addition, we discuss NC antenna structural changes associated with exposure to ethanol and buffer solutions and the impact on LSPR properties.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2023)

Defines terminology, an overview of cancer types, modes and locations of metastasis, cancer statistics, and treatment modalities.
Combined Effect of Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Containing Functional Groups of Microporous Activated Carbon on its Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors (2008)

Abstract Microporous activated carbon originating from coconut shell, as received or oxidized with nitric acid, is treated with melamine and urea and heated to 950 °C in an inert atmosphere to modify the carbon surface with nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐containing groups for a systematic investigation of their combined effect on electrochemical performance in 1 M H 2 SO 4 supercapacitors. The chemistry of the samples is characterized using elemental analysis, Boehm titration, potentiometric titration, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide is used to determine the textural properties. The results show that the surface chemistry is affected by the type of nitrogen precursor and the specific groups present on the surface before the treatment leading to the incorporation of nitrogen. Analysis of the electrochemical behavior of urea‐ and melamine‐treated samples reveal pseudocapacitance from both the oxygen and the nitrogen containing functional groups located in the pores larger than 10 Å. On the other hand, pores between 5 Å and 6 Å are most effective in a double‐layer formation, which correlates well with the size of hydrated ions. Although the quaternary and pyridinic‐N‐oxides nitrogen groups have enhancing effects on capacitance due to the positive charge, and thus an improved electron transfer at high current loads, the most important functional groups affecting energy storage performance are pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen along with quinone oxygen.
A Single 1- or 5-Second Light Pulse at Night Inhibits Hamster Pineal Melatonin* (1986)

Adult male Syrian hamsters maintained under 6-h light, 18-h dark cycles (lights out daily from 1200-0600 h) were exposed to either 1 or 5 sec light either 8 h (at 2000 h) or 12 h (at 2400 h) into the dark phase. The light had an irradiance of 32,000 microW/cm2. With both light pulse durations and at both times, melatonin levels were depressed to daytime values 30 min after the onset of the light pulse. Whereas pineal melatonin production eventually increased to high nighttime values in hamsters exposed to 1 sec light at either 2000 or 2400 h and in animals receiving a 5-sec light pulse at 2000 h, when the 5-sec light occurred at 2400 h, pineal melatonin levels remained low for the remainder of the night. Thus, both the placement and the duration of light exposure appear to be important in determining the ability of light to depress melatonin production in the Syrian hamster.
Preparation of Chloro and Sulfanyl Derivatives of 1-(2-Deoxy-4-C-hydroxymethyl-α-L-threo-Pentofuranosyl)uracil (1997)

3'-Chloro and 3'-acetylsulfanyl derivatives of 1-(2-deoxy-4- C -hydroxymethyl-α-L- threo -pentofuranosyl)uracil were prepared by reaction of 2,3'-anhydro-1-{5'- O -benzoyl-4'- C -[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-2'-deoxy-α-L- erythro -pentofuranosyl}uracil ( 3 ) with hydrogen chloride and thioacetic acid, respectively. The reaction with hydrogen chloride gave a mixture of N-1 and N-3 substituted uracil derivatives 12 and 14 . Reaction of 1-{3- O -benzoyl-4- C -[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-2-deoxy-α-L- threo -pentofuranosyl}uracil ( 7 ) with thionyl chloride and subsequent debenzoylation afforded 1-(4- C -chloromethyl-2-deoxy-β-D- erythro -pentofuranosyl)uracil ( 19 ). Nucleophilic substitution with lithium thioacetate, followed by deacylation, converted 1-{3- O -benzoyl-4- C -[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-2-deoxy-5- O - p -toluenesulfonyl-α-L- threo -pentofuranosyl}uracil ( 9 ) into 1-(2-deoxy-4- C -sulfanylmethyl-β-D- erythro -pentofuranosyl)uracil ( 21 ). The obtained thiols were oxidized with iodine or air to give 1,1'-[disulfandiylbis(2,3-dideoxy-4-hydroxymethyl-α-L-threo-pentofuranose-3,1-diyl]di(pyrimidine-2,4-(1 H ,3 H )-dione) ( 17 ) and 1,1'-[disulfandiylbis(2,5-dideoxy-4-hydroxymethyl-α-L- threo -pentofuranose-5,1-diyl]di(pyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-dione) ( 22 ). Reaction of 1-{3-acetylsulfanyl-5- O -methanesulfonyl-4- C -[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-2,3-dideoxy-α-L- threo -pentofuranosyl)}uracil ( 24 ) with methanolic sodium methoxide afforded 1-(3,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-4- C -hydroxymethyl-3-sulfanyl-α-L-threo-pentofuranosyl)uracil ( 25 ). The same reagent was used in the preparation of 1-(3,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-4- C -hydroxymethyl-α-L- threo -pentofuranosyl)uracil ( 26 ) from 1-{4- C -[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-2-deoxy-5- O - p -toluenesulfonyl-α-L- threo -pentofuranosyl}uracil ( 8 ). From the series of 4'-substituted 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives, synthesized in this study, solely the 4'-chloromethyl derivative 19 and the oxetane derivative 26 exhibited an appreciable activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Light-induced reduction of rhodium(III) and palladium(II) on titanium dioxide dispersions and the selective photochemical separation and recovery of gold(III), platinum(IV), and rhodium(III) in chloride media (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight-induced reduction of rhodium(III) and palladium(II) on titanium dioxide dispersions and the selective photochemical separation and recovery of gold(III), platinum(IV), and rhodium(III) in chloride mediaEnrico Borgarello, Nick Serpone, Gary Emo, Ron Harris, Ezio Pelizzetti, and Claudio MineroCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 25, 4499–4503Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00245a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00245a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views803Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A phase I single blind clinical trial of a new oxygen transport agent (MP4), human hemoglobin modified with maleimide-activated polyethylene glycol. (2005)

MP4 appears to have a favorable safety profile. Subjects in both study groups survived and did no less well than those in the control group.
An adaptive M-algorithm convolutional decoder (2006)

In this paper we present Adaptive M-algorithm Convolutional decoder. In this algorithm, CRC error detection code provides the necessary measurement to adaptively decide on the appropriate M in the M-algorithm. Monte-Carlo simulation for the AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel shows that in most of the cases the adaptive M-algorithm convolutional decoder outperforms the Viterbi algorithm and the conventional M-algorithm in terms of bit error performance.
[Survey on sports practice and physical activity of primary school children living in the area of Bologna Local Health Unit in relation with some individual and environmental variables]. (2009)

A randomized stratified sample of 522 children attending the third class of primary schools within the area of Bologna Local Health Unit was analysed for physical activity and sports practice. Information about the children's habits and availability of facilities for physical and sports activities were collected by means of structured questionnaires completed by children (507 respondents), parents (491), reference teachers for physical education (26) and class teachers (46) during the school year 2006-07. At the same time, the children's heights and weights were measured in order to calculate BMI values. Regular sports activity is practised by 80.1% of children (males: 82.4%, females: 77.6%), with significant diferences between genders only in children with at least one non-Italian parent (M>F, p < 0.05); the practice of sports is influenced by the area of residence (metropolitan > plain and hills, p < 0.05) and nationality (Italians > non-Italians, p < 0.01). Children with at least one actively sports practising parent are involved more frequently in sports activities (p < 0.001). In free time, sedentary activities are prevalent for both sports-practising children and not. However children not involved in regular sports activities tend to practise outdoor physical activities with a frequency significantly higher than children involved in sports (17.3% vs 10.4% of respondents). The percentage of completely sedentary children, who stated that they practise neither sports nor physical activity in their free time, is 7.3% (metropolitan area: 4.5%, hills: 8.7%, plain: 10.6%). The prevalence of overweight is 24.4%, of obesity 9.7%, with a better distribution of BMI values in the metropolitan area where there is the highest occurrence of positive conditions and behaviours: availability of sports facilities, the highest prevalence of sports practice, and the lowest prevalence of completely sedentary children.