gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Well Completions and Reservoir Grid Data Quality Assurance for Reservoir Simulation Models (2015)

Abstract Reservoir simulation engineers have to go through an intense and time consuming process to manually quality check large amounts of data which consist of wells, logs and completion events for more than 50 years of history. It is fundamental that data used in building reservoir simulation models is quality controlled and cross-checked to eliminate inconsistencies during the history match process. This new implemented method will give an overview of the simulation data quality workflow design and outline the development of a state of the art software package that guides engineers through the quality checking process as the first stage of simulation model construction. We have developed a workflow software package that covers most of the data required for building simulation models. The preparation and validation of data is conducted using tailored automated workflows that guide engineers through the quality control steps in a streamlined manner. At every step, specific data is reviewed and validated based on some well-developed quality check (QC) criteria. In case of any inconsistencies, the software issues relevant error and warning messages and recommends possible remedial solutions or actions. This tool eliminates tedious manual nonformal effort and results in high-quality simulation models checked and verified through formal and automated workflows, therefore. The new workflow/software reduces the checking process from weeks to days or hours and hence minimizes the overall time to perform history matching.
Power-Rail ESD Clamp Circuit With Diode-String ESD Detection to Overcome the Gate Leakage Current in a 40-nm CMOS Process (2013)

A new silicon controlled rectifier-based power-rail electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuit was proposed with a novel trigger circuit that has very low leakage current in a small layout area for implementation. This circuit was successfully verified in a 40-nm CMOS process by using only low-voltage devices. The novel trigger circuit uses a diode-string based level-sensing ESD detection circuit, but not using MOS capacitor, which has very large leakage current. Moreover, the leakage current on the ESD detection circuit is further reduced, adding a diode in series with the trigger transistor. By combining these two techniques, the total silicon area of the power-rail ESD clamp circuit can be reduced three times, whereas the leakage current is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the traditional design.
The visual analysis of textual information: Browsing large document sets (1995)

Visualization tools have been invaluable in the process of scientific discovery by providing researchers with insights gained through graphical tools and techniques. At PNL, the Multidimensional Visualization and Advanced Browsing (MVAB) project is extending visualization technology to the problems of intelligence analysis of textual documents by creating spatial representations of textual information. By representing an entire corpus of documents as points in a coordinate space of two or more dimensions, the tools developed by the MVAB team give the analyst the ability to quickly browse the entire document base and determine relationships among documents and publication patterns not readily discernible through traditional lexical means.
CubeSat infrared atmospheric sounder (CIRAS) NASA InVEST technology demonstration (2017)

Infrared sounders measure the upwelling radiation of the Earth in the Midwave Infrared (MWIR) and Longwave Infrared (LWIR) region of the spectrum with global daily coverage from space. The observed radiances are assimilated into weather forecast models and used to retrieve lower tropospheric temperature and water vapor for climate studies. There are several operational sounders today including the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on Aqua, the Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on Suomi NPP and JPSS, and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the MetOp spacecraft. The CubeSat Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (CIRAS) is a NASA In-flight Validation of Earth Science Technologies (InVEST) program to demonstrate three new instrument technologies in an imaging sounder configuration. The first is a 2D array of High Operating Temperature Barrier Infrared Detector (HOT-BIRD) material, selected for its high uniformity, low cost, low noise and higher operating temperatures than traditional materials. The detectors are hybridized to a commercial ROIC and commercial camera electronics. The second technology is a MWIR Grating Spectrometer (MGS) designed to provide imaging spectroscopy for atmospheric sounding in a CubeSat volume. The MGS employs an immersion grating or grism, has no moving parts, and is based on heritage spectrometers including the OCO- 2. The third technology is a Black Silicon infrared blackbody calibration target. The Black Silicon offers very low reflectance over a broad spectral range on a flat surface and is more robust than carbon nanotubes. JPL will also develop the mechanical, electronic and thermal subsystems for the CIRAS payload. The spacecraft will be a commercially available CubeSat. The integrated system will be a complete 6U CubeSat capable of measuring temperature and water vapor profiles with good lower tropospheric sensitivity. The low cost of CIRAS enables multiple units to be flown to improve temporal coverage or measure 3D Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV) winds. CIRAS will launch in 2019 and is only a technology demonstration. However, what we learn will benefit future instruments that support operational weather forecasting and climate studies.
CIT‐9: A Fault‐Free Gmelinite Zeolite (2017)

A synthetic, fault-free gmelinite (GME) zeolite is prepared using a specific organic structure-directing agent (OSDA), cis-3,5-dimethylpiperidinium. The cis-isomers align in the main 12-membered ring (MR) channel of GME. Trans-isomer OSDA leads to the small-pore zeolite SSZ-39 with the OSDA in its cages. Data from N<sub>2</sub> -physisorption and rotation electron diffraction provide evidence for the openness of the 12 MR channel in the GME 12×8×8 pore architecture and the absence of stacking faults, respectively. CIT-9 is hydrothermally stable when K<sup>+</sup> -exchanged, while in the absence of exchange, the material transforms into an aluminous AFI-zeolite. The process of this phase-change was followed by in situ variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction. CIT-9 has the highest Si/Al ratio reported for GME, and along with its good porosity, opens the possibility of using GME in a variety of applications including catalysis.
Efficient multicast authentication in internet of things (2016)

In this paper, we propose a novel continuous multicast authentication protocol for the Internet of Things applications based on secret sharing scheme. This protocol provides secure and efficient multicast authentication for frequent message transmissions in short session time interval. The protocol solves the problem of shared key among communicating group with its consequence of possible masquerade attack by introducing a novel use of secret sharing scheme. That is, the secret is used as an authenticator and its shares are used as authentication keys. Each share is designated to a specific recipient in a specific time through a challenge known only to the sender and that recipient. The share can be linked back to the secret and, hence, the message source can be authenticated. In addition, the protocol enables multicasting several messages in a specific time slots within a transmission session. Security evaluation of the protocol shows that it fulfills the stated security requirements and addresses the listed attacks. Performance evaluation of the protocol shows that it is lightweight in terms of computation and communication costs, thus addressing the resource-constrained IoT endpoints.
Cell-Free Synthetic Glycobiology: Designing and Engineering Glycomolecules Outside of Living Cells (2020)

Glycans and glycosylated biomolecules are directly involved in almost every biological process as well as the etiology of most major diseases. Hence, glycoscience knowledge is essential to efforts aimed at addressing fundamental challenges in understanding and improving human health, protecting the environment and enhancing energy security, and developing renewable and sustainable resources that can serve as the source of next-generation materials. While much progress has been made, there remains an urgent need for new tools that can overexpress structurally uniform glycans and glycoconjugates in the quantities needed for characterization and that can be used to mechanistically dissect the enzymatic reactions and multi-enzyme assembly lines that promote their construction. To address this technology gap, cell-free synthetic glycobiology has emerged as a simplified and highly modular framework to investigate, prototype, and engineer pathways for glycan biosynthesis and biomolecule glycosylation outside the confines of living cells. From nucleotide sugars to complex glycoproteins, we summarize here recent efforts that harness the power of cell-free approaches to design, build, test, and utilize glyco-enzyme reaction networks that produce desired glycomolecules in a predictable and controllable manner. We also highlight novel cell-free methods for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of diverse glycosylation processes and engineering these processes toward desired outcomes. Taken together, cell-free synthetic glycobiology represents a promising set of tools and techniques for accelerating basic glycoscience research (e.g., deciphering the "glycan code") and its application (e.g., biomanufacturing high-value glycomolecules on demand).
Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (2007)

A dynamic volume imaging based on the principle of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), namely, electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT), has been developed in this study. The technique generates, from the measured capacitance, a whole volumetric image of the region enclosed by the geometrically three-dimensional capacitance sensor. This development enables a real-time, 3-D imaging of a moving object or a real-time volume imaging (4-D) to be realized. Moreover, it allows total interrogation of the whole volume within the domain (vessel or conduit) of an arbitrary shape or geometry. The development of the ECVT imaging technique primarily encloses the 3-D capacitance sensor design and the volume image reconstruction technique. The electrical field variation in three-dimensional space forms a basis for volume imaging through different shapes and configurations of ECT sensor electrodes. The image reconstruction scheme is established by implementing the neural-network multicriterion optimization image reconstruction (NN-MOIRT), developed earlier by the authors for the 2-D ECT. The image reconstruction technique is modified by introducing into the algorithm a 3-D sensitivity matrix to replace the 2-D sensitivity matrix in conventional 2-D ECT, and providing additional network constraints including 3-to-2-D image matching function. The additional constraints further enhance the accuracy of the image reconstruction algorithm. The technique has been successfully verified over actual objects in the experimental conditions
Preparation of Chalcopyrite-type Semiconductor Films by Sulfuration of Oxide Films (1993)

Polycrystalline CuInS 2 thin films on Mo coated glass substrates are prepared by sulfuration of Cu–In–O films. The Cu–In–O films are deposited from a Cu 2 In 2 O 5 target by using a pulsed laser deposition method. The Cu–In–O films are converted into CuInS 2 films by means of a subsequent annealing in an H 2 S gas atmosphere. The films are characterized by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystallographic phases in the films and the microstructures of the films are discussed.
<title>Measurement of a convex secondary mirror using a holographic test plate</title> (1994)

A 26-cm diameter aspheric convex secondary mirror was successfully measured using a holographic test plate. This measurement demonstrates the viability of the holographic test plate method for measuring convex aspheres. An opticai writer was built and used to demonstrate the ability to write precise holograms on large, curved substrates. The hologram written for this test was fabricated using a thermochemical method that does not require the use of photoresist. The accuracy of the holographic test is demonstrated with a comparison with data from an independent Hindle test.
Identification of nonlinear parameter-varying systems via canonical variate analysis (2013)

This paper gives a tutorial presentation of the canonical variate analysis (CVA) method of subspace system identification for linear time- invariant (LTI), linear parameter-varying (LPV), and nonlinear parameter-varying (NLPV) systems. The paper takes a first principles statistical approach to rank determination of deterministic vectors usinig a singular value decomposition (SVD), followed by a statistical multivariate CVA as rank constrained regression. This is generalized to LTI dynamic systems, and extended directly to LPV and NLPV. The computational structure and problem size is very similar to LTI subspace methods except that the matrix row dimension (number of lagged variables of the past) is multiplied by the effective number of parameter-varying functions. This is in contrast with the exponential explosion in the number of variables using current subspace methods for LPV systems. Compared with current methods, initial results indicate much less computation, maximum likelihood accuracy, and better numerical stability. The method applies to systems with feedback, and can automatically remove a number of redundancies in the nonlinear models producing near minimal state orders and polynomial degrees by hypothesis testing. There is detailed discussion of the methods and structure of the computational modules.
<title>Sensitivity Of The Performance Of Monomode Fibres To The Fabrication Conditions</title> (1983)

The effects of fibre drawing tension on the optical properties of various monomode fibre designs is examined. High drawing tensions were found to give low optical loss. Grading the refractive index profile was found to reduce the drawing-induced loss considerably. Fibres with high germania content show the largest drawing effects.
Effect of nitrogen addition on the morphology and structure of boron-doped nanostructured diamond films (2003)

A chemical vapor deposition hydrogen/methane/nitrogen feedgas mixture with unconventional high methane (15% CH4 by volume) normally used to grow ultrahard and smooth nanostructured diamond films on Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrates was modified to include diborane (10% B2H6 in hydrogen) for boron doping. The flow rates of N2 were varied to investigate its effect on plasma chemistry, film morphology, and mechanical properties. As expected, boron is readily incorporated into the diamond film and results in a change in the lattice parameter. Nitrogen, on the other hand, competes with boron in the plasma and acts to prevent boron incorporation into the diamond structure. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction indicates a decrease of diamond lattice parameter with increasing N2/CH4 flow rate ratio. A critical N2/CH4 ratio of 0.4 was found to result in a film with a minimum in grain size and surface roughness, along with high boron incorporation (∼4×1020 cm−3). As shown from this critical limit, experimental conditions can be optimized to produce ultrahard, boron doped nanostructured diamond films with the potential for high temperature applications.
Identification of a Novel Enzyme Required for Starch Metabolism in Arabidopsis Leaves. The Phosphoglucan, Water Dikinase  (2004)

The phosphorylation of amylopectin by the glucan, water dikinase (GWD; EC 2.7.9.4) is an essential step within starch metabolism. This is indicated by the starch excess phenotype of GWD-deficient plants, such as the sex1-3 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To identify starch-related enzymes that rely on glucan-bound phosphate, we studied the binding of proteins extracted from Arabidopsis wild-type leaves to either phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated starch granules. Granules prepared from the sex1-3 mutant were prephosphorylated in vitro using recombinant potato (Solanum tuberosum) GWD. As a control, the unmodified, phosphate free granules were used. An as-yet uncharacterized protein was identified that preferentially binds to the phosphorylated starch. The C-terminal part of this protein exhibits similarity to that of GWD. The novel protein phosphorylates starch granules, but only following prephosphorylation with GWD. The enzyme transfers the beta-P of ATP to the phosphoglucan, whereas the gamma-P is released as orthophosphate. Therefore, the novel protein is designated as phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD). Unlike GWD that phosphorylates preferentially the C6 position of the glucose units, PWD phosphorylates predominantly (or exclusively) the C3 position. Western-blot analysis of protoplast and chloroplast fractions from Arabidopsis leaves reveals a plastidic location of PWD. Binding of PWD to starch granules strongly increases during net starch breakdown. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants in which the expression of PWD was reduced by either RNAi or a T-DNA insertion exhibit a starch excess phenotype. Thus, in Arabidopsis leaves starch turnover requires a close collaboration of PWD and GWD.
Perfluoroalkane Functionalization of NU-1000 via Solvent-Assisted Ligand Incorporation: Synthesis and CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption Studies (2013)

A new functionalization technique, solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI), was developed to efficiently incorporate carboxylate-based functionalities in the Zr-based metal-organic framework, NU-1000. Unlike previous metal node functionalization strategies, which utilize dative bonding to coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, SALI introduces functional groups as charge compensating and strongly bound moieties to the Zr6 node. Utilizing SALI, we have efficiently attached perfluoroalkane carboxylates of various chain lengths (C1-C9) on the Zr6 nodes of NU-1000. These fluoroalkane-functionalized mesoporous MOFs, termed herein SALI-n, were studied experimentally and theoretically as potential CO2 capture materials.
Quantification of red blood cell fragmentation by automated haematology analyser XE-2100 (2001)

The extent of red blood cell fragmentation in peripheral blood is useful for diagnosis and follow-up in many diseases, e.g. haemolytic uremic syndrome, transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (BMT-TMA). However, this quantification still relies on manual counting of fragmented red cells on blood smears. We have developed a quantification system by gating a fixed area of fragmented red blood cells (Gate 1) on an automated haematology analyser (XE-2100, Sysmex Co., Kobe, Japan). The fragmented red cell percentage (FRC%) calculated with this system, from 100 samples, was highly correlated with the manual count (r=0.902, P < 0.0001). Because microcytic anaemia specimens usually occupy a lower position on the XE-2100 scattergram, with microcytic cells overlapping Gate 1 and causing a spuriously high FRC% calculation, a supplementary gate (Gate 2) was added. Using the particle number in this gate as well as in Gate 1, a revised method for such samples was developed and its validity confirmed (revised FRC% correlated with a manual count for 10 subjects (P < 0.001). Because this gating system can be programmed on any XE-2100, it is likely to prove useful for accurate quantification of red blood cell fragmentation and for the monitoring of the development of BMT-TMA.
Highly Flexible Coding Structures for Next-Generation Video Compression Standard (2019)

This paper describes the coding block structure used in the joint Qualcomm/Technicolor responses to the JVET call for proposal on video compression with capability beyond HEVC. The proposed block structure relies on the known quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT) block structure and brings some higher degree of flexibility in it. Two sets of partitioning modes extend QTBT: the ternary tree (TT) and the asymmetric binary tree (ABT). The added split modes are used with a normative non-redundancy policy, which ensures any block topology can be reached through a unique series of split modes. Finally, some flexible binary and ternary partitioning is allowed near the bottom and right picture borders. Overall, the proposed split modes, non-redundancy and picture border strategies lead to 19.6% bitrate reduction over HEVC.
SHOX2 Overexpression Favors Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiac Pacemaker Cells, Improving Biological Pacing Ability (2014)

When pluripotency factors are removed, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) undergo spontaneous differentiation, which, among other lineages, also gives rise to cardiac sublineages, including chamber cardiomyocytes and pacemaker cells. Such heterogeneity complicates the use of ESC-derived heart cells in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. We sought to direct ESCs to differentiate specifically into cardiac pacemaker cells by overexpressing a transcription factor critical for embryonic patterning of the native cardiac pacemaker (the sinoatrial node). Overexpression of SHOX2 during ESC differentiation upregulated the pacemaker gene program, resulting in enhanced automaticity in vitro and induced biological pacing upon transplantation in vivo. The accentuated automaticity is accompanied by temporally evolving changes in the effectors and regulators of Wnt signaling. Our findings provide a strategy for enriching the cardiac pacemaker cell population from ESCs.
Stem cells for tissue engineering of articular cartilage (2007)

Articular cartilage injuries are one of the most common disorders in the musculo-skeletal system. Injured cartilage tissue cannot spontaneously heal and, if not treated, can lead to osteoarthritis of the affected joints. Although a variety of procedures are being employed to repair cartilage damage, methods that result in consistent durable repair tissue are not yet available. Tissue engineering is a recently developed science that merges the fields of cell biology, engineering, material science, and surgery to regenerate new functional tissue. Three critical components in tissue engineering of cartilage are as follows: first, sufficient cell numbers within the defect, such as chondrocytes or multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into chondrocytes; second, access to growth and differentiation factors that modulate these cells to differentiate through the chondrogenic lineage; third, a cell carrier or matrix that fills the defect, delivers the appropriate cells, and supports cell proliferation and differentiation. Stem cells that exist in the embyro or in adult somatic tissues are able to renew themselves through cell division without changing their phenotype and are able to differentiate into multiple lineages including the chondrogenic lineage under certain physiological or experimental conditions. Here the application of stem cells as a cell source for cartilage tissue engineering is reviewed.