gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Hexahedral Mesh Generation System Using Feature Line Extraction Technique (2003)

A technique for automatically generating a hexahedral mesh of a complex solid model was developed. This technique can automate the interactive operations (such as model editing) that are carried out as a pretreatment for hexahedral-mesh generation. Consequently, the time taken by these interactive operations was significantly shortened, and high-speed generation of a hexahedral mesh was thus possible. Furthermore, the developed technique was applied to the generation of a hexahedral mesh of an engine-block model. And it was confirmed that the mesh generation time is shortened to one tenth of that for the conventional method.
Bromoporphyrins as Versatile Synthons for Modular Construction of Chiral Porphyrins:  Cobalt-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation (2004)

5,10-Bis(2',6'-dibromophenyl)porphyrins bearing various substituents at the 10 and 20 positions were demonstrated to be versatile synthons for modular construction of chiral porphyrins via palladium-catalyzed amidation reactions with chiral amides. The quadruple carbon-nitrogen bond formation reactions were accomplished in high yields with different chiral amide building blocks under mild conditions, forming a family of D2-symmetric chiral porphyrins. Cobalt(II) complexes of these chiral porphyrins were prepared in high yields and shown to be active catalysts for highly enantioselective and diastereoselective cyclopropanation under a practical one-pot protocol (alkenes as limiting reagents and no slow addition of diazo reagents).
Characteristic Study of a Portable Arc Microwave Plasma Torch (2006)

The development of a plasma torch, which carries desirable features to be an ignition aide within a supersonic combustor, is studied. The desirable features include: 1) a microwave adaptor arrangement to couple additional power (from microwave as well as arc discharge) to the plasma torch; 2) an additional port for fuel injection; and 3) compactness (including the power supply), portability, and light weight. The plasma jet generated by this torch is described by the cycle energy of the discharge and by the imaging of its plume under various conditions, supply air pressures, and microwave (on or off) to the torch. This torch system, with its high-voltage discharge, is operated in periodic (60-Hz) mode. The capacitors in the circuit of the power supply are charged at a line frequency of 60 Hz, resulting in a cyclical discharge. The cycle energy reaches up to 12 J. The microwave electric field has a profound effect on the arc discharge. It intensifies the emission and increases the volume of the arc loop region. It also enhances the electron temperature significantly, as shown by the emission spectroscopy of the torch. The spatial distribution of the microwave electric field outside the nozzle of the torch module is not affected by the supersonic crossflow, which is a favorable feature for increasing the penetration depth of the torch plume into the supersonic crossflow in the combustor
Designs for thin-film-coated semiconductor thermal neutron detectors (2002)

Thin film coated semiconductor detectors have been studied and used as neutron detectors for decades. Unfortunately, with front-irradiated devices, the basic design limits the thermal neutron detection efficiency to only 3.95% for /sup 10/B-coated devices and only 4.3% for /sup 6/LiF-coated devices. Presented in the following work are several straightforward methods to increase the thermal neutron detection efficiency for thin-film-coated semiconductor thermal neutron detectors.
Binary drugs: conjugates of purines and a peptide that bind to both adenosine and substance P receptors (1987)

A "functionalized congener" approach to adenosine receptor antagonists has provided a means to synthesize highly potent peptide conjugates of 1,3-dialkylxanthines. The antagonist XAC, such a functionalized xanthine amine congener, has been attached to a segment derived from the neurotransmitter peptide substance P (SP) to form a binary drug that binds to both receptors with Ki values of 35 nM (central A1-adenosine) and 300 nM (striatal SP). Coupling of the functionalized adenosine agonist N6-[p-(carboxymethyl)phenyl]adenosine to an SP C-terminal peptide also resulted in a binary drug that binds to both receptors. The demonstration that the biochemical properties of two unrelated drugs, both of which act through binding at extracellular receptors, may be combined in the same molecule suggests a novel strategy for drug design. In principle, a combined effect of the two different substances that produce the same final effect (e.g., hypotension by adenosine agonists and by SP analogues) might occur in vivo. Adenosine analogues have analgesic properties, and the binary drug derived from substance P and adenosine agonists or antagonists might provide useful tools for probing interrelationships of SP pathways and sites for the antinociceptive action of adenosine.
Mild irritants prevent gastric necrosis through "adaptive cytoprotection" mediated by prostaglandins (1983)

Several prostaglandins (PG) were found earlier to be cytoprotective for the stomach and the intestine. We now report that mild irritants, given intragastrically, are also cytoprotective by stimulating the release of PG by the stomach. Several "mild irritants," 10-20% ethanol, 0.2-0.35 M HCl, 0.05-0.075 M NaOH, 2-4% NaCl, and water at 70 degrees C, were given orally to fasted rats. Fifteen minutes later, one of the following necrotizing agents was administered orally: 100% ethanol, 0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH, 25% NaCl solution, and boiling water. One hour later, the stomachs were removed and necrotic lesions graded. The mild irritants inhibited the necrotic lesions dose dependently. After a single treatment, protection lasted 1 h; repeated administrations maintained cytoprotection for as long as the mild irritants were being given. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of PG synthesis, abolished cytoprotection by mild irritants. After oral administration of NaOH at cytoprotective concentrations (0.01-0.1 M), the amounts of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and thromboxane B2 formed by the gastric mucosa increased steadily up to threefold. The protection elicited by mild irritants is called "adaptive cytoprotection." The increased synthesis of PG may represent a physiological, natural defense mechanism that may be necessary to maintain cellular integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa, in spite of the hostile environment caused by luminal contents.
1 PPM precision self-calibration of scale factor in MEMS Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes (2013)

We report a scale factor self-calibration in MEMS Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes enabled by real time control of the sense-mode closed loop gain. Similarly to the closed loop scale factor employed in the Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscope (HRG), we measure and remove scale factor changes by injecting a known dither signal (virtual input rate) into the sense-mode dynamics during the normal operation of the gyroscope. The approach was validated using an inhouse developed sub-°/hr silicon MEMS Quad Mass Gyroscope (QMG) with HRG-like structural symmetry and low dissipation. We demonstrated a 350 ppm accuracy (limited by the setup) and a 1 ppm precision by simultaneously measuring the true and self-calibrated scale factors over a 10 °C dynamic temperature range.
Miniaturized VHF quartz MEMs resonator design methodology (2017)

The miniaturization of resonators for timing applications brings with it new challenges in terms of device optimization. As the device size is reduced, design intolerances lead to more significant differences between modeled and fabricated devices leading to poor performance. In this paper we present a methodology for improving resonator designs. A 32MHz AT-cut quartz thick VHF shear mode resonator is optimized for high Q and high thermal stability for integration on CMOS electronics. Uncompensated measured data agrees to within a few ppm of Comsol 3-d FEA simulations.
A Super-Capacitive Pressure Sensor for a Urethral Catheter (2018)

Urinary incontinence can be due to neuromuscular or structural problems in either the bladder or the urethra. Urodynamics is often used to analyze the patientspecific cause of urinary incontinence. In urodynamics, a challenging part of the studies involves measurement of the urethral (contact) pressure profile. Here we present an instrumented urethral catheter that is equipped with a novel super-capacitive pressure transducer that is highly sensitive to the applied pressure. A solid ionic electrolyte is used to create a high capacitance device. Through an innovative design the solid electrolyte is made and bounded to a 3d printed soft balloon and then assembled on a 6 Fr urethral catheter. In this paper the design, fabrication and evaluation of the highly-sensitive instrumented catheter's performance are discussed.
Graphitic carbon nitride-based nanostructures as emergent catalysts for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation (2023)

This is the first review that emphasizes the engineering of carbon nitride-based catalysts for thermal, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical CO oxidation reactions experimentally and theoretically.
Xenon prevents inflammation-induced delayed pain hypersensitivity in rats (2010)

Rats received an intraplantar carrageenan injection for inducing hind paw inflammation. After 1 h 45 min, they were exposed to medical air (air group), xenon 25% (Xe-25 group) or 50% (Xe-50 group) for 1 h 45 min. Mechanical nociceptive threshold was evaluated on experimental day and once daily for 1 week. Beyond the well-known antinociceptive effect of xenon, the delayed hyperalgesia observed for 4 days after carrageenan injection was strongly reduced in Xe-25 group and totally suppressed in Xe-50 group on the inflamed hind paw. Moreover, delayed hyperalgesia on the noninflamed hind paw was totally suppressed for both the xenon concentrations. These results show that xenon, beyond its antinociceptive effects, may be a fruitful therapeutic strategy to limit the development of pain sensitization after tissue injury.
<title>Pulsed liquid microjet for intravascular injection</title> (2002)

Occlusions of the retinal veins and arteries are associated with common diseases such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis and usually cause severe and irreversible loss of vision. Treatments for these vascular diseases have been unsatisfactory to date in part because of the difficulty of delivering thrombolytic drugs locally within the eye. In this article we describe a pulsed liquid microjet for minimally invasive intra-vascular drug delivery. The microjet is driven by a vapor bubble following an explosive evaporation of saline, produced by a microsecond-long electric discharge in front of the 25 micrometers electrode inside the micronozzle. Expansion of the transient vapor bubble produces a water jet with a diameter equal to the diameter of the nozzle, and with a velocity and duration that are controlled by the pulse energy. We found that fluid could be injected through the wall of a 60-micrometers -diameter artery in choriallantoic membrane using a 15-micrometers diameter liquid jet traveling at more than 60 m/s. Histological analysis of these arteries showed that the width of the perforation is limited to the diameter of the micronozzle, and the penetration depth of the jet is controlled by the discharge energy. The pulsed liquid microjet offers a promising technique for precise and needle-free intravascular delivery of thrombolytic drugs for localized treatment of retinal vascular occlusions.
Process for recharging secondary batteries. [Vapor transport of S during recharging improved by maintaining temperature gradient in cathodic reaction zone] (1976)

An improved process is described for recharging secondary cells or batteries of the type which in the discharged state comprise (a) an anodic reaction zone containing a molten alkali metal reactant-anode in electrical contact with an external circuit; (b) a cathodic reaction zone containing (1) cathodic reactants selected from the group consisting of (i) a single-phase composition comprising molten polysulfide salts of the anodic reactant and (ii) a two-phase composition comprising molten sulfur and molten sulfur-saturated polysulfide salts of the anodic reactant and (2) an electrode of porous, electronically conductive material which is at least partially immersed in the cathodic reactants; and (c) a cation-permeable barrier to mass liquid transfer interposed between and in contact with the anodic and cathodic reaction zones, the porous, electronically conductive material being in electrical contact with both the cation-permeable barrier and an external circuit. The improvement of the invention comprises maintaining a temperature gradient within the cathodic reaction zone during recharging such that the temperature of the cathodic reactants in a first region adjacent the solid electrolyte is sufficiently higher than the temperature of the reactants in a second region not adjacent the solid electrolyte such that sulfur in the first region vaporizes andmore » is transported to the second region, where it condenses. 3 figures.« less
Design of a positional reference system for ultraprecision machining (1979)

The primary goal for an ultraprecision turning machine is to have the capability to position precisely the cutting points of a tool along a defined contour with respect to the part. In order to accomplish this goal, the use of a stable-positional-reference system has become apparent. Several efforts have been made by representatives of the diamond-turning community to design such a needed reference system. Efforts made at Y-12 to design the needed system are reviewed.
Unidirectional diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG ring laser with a small magnetic field (1987)

Single-mode operation of a monolithic semiconductor-laser-pumped unidirectional ring Nd:YAG laser has been demonstrated at 1319 and 1338 nm. The ring design optimizes the polarization eigenvalue difference between counterpropagating modes of the ring. The laser threshold is 4.5 mW, and the magnetic-field requirement for unidirectional operation is approximately 100 G.
Time-multiplexed autostereoscopic display with content-defined 2D/3D mode selection (2007)

We have built a 17" 2D-3D time sequential LCD autostereoscopic display with SXGA resolution, which does not have any special means for 2D-3D switching. The display is capable of simultaneous displaying 2D and 3D graphics without deterioration of visual performance of 2D images at a frame rate up to 120 Hz. Left and right sets of viewing zones are formed by a combination of a patterned retarder and a lenticular lens array placed behind the LCD panel. Right and left sets of viewing zones are switchable by polarization switch in synchronism with displaying left and right images. Application of patterned retarder provides smooth light distribution without dark regions between left and right viewing zones. To reduce dynamic crosstalk caused by slow switching of LCD cells a combination of Rresponse Time Acceleration (RTA) and scanning backlight have been applied
A GPS-Based Pitot-Static Calibration Method Using Global Output Error Optimization (2010)

Pressure-based airspeed and altitude measurements for aircraft typically require calibration of the installed system to account for pressure sensing errors such as those due to local flow field effects. In some cases, calibration is used to meet requirements such as those specified in Federal Aviation Regulation Part 25. Several methods are used for in-flight pitot-static calibration including tower fly-by, pacer aircraft, and trailing cone methods. In the 1990 s, the introduction of satellite-based positioning systems to the civilian market enabled new inflight calibration methods based on accurate ground speed measurements provided by Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Use of GPS for airspeed calibration has many advantages such as accuracy, ease of portability (e.g. hand-held) and the flexibility of operating in airspace without the limitations of test range boundaries or ground telemetry support. The current research was motivated by the need for a rapid and statistically accurate method for in-flight calibration of pitot-static systems for remotely piloted, dynamically-scaled research aircraft. Current calibration methods were deemed not practical for this application because of confined test range size and limited flight time available for each sortie. A method was developed that uses high data rate measurements of static and total pressure, and GPSbased ground speed measurements to compute the pressure errors over a range of airspeed. The novel application of this approach is the use of system identification methods that rapidly compute optimal pressure error models with defined confidence intervals in nearreal time. This method has been demonstrated in flight tests and has shown 2- bounds of approximately 0.2 kts with an order of magnitude reduction in test time over other methods. As part of this experiment, a unique database of wind measurements was acquired concurrently with the flight experiments, for the purpose of experimental validation of the optimization method. This paper describes the GPS-based pitot-static calibration method developed for the AirSTAR research test-bed operated as part of the Integrated Resilient Aircraft Controls (IRAC) project in the NASA Aviation Safety Program (AvSP). A description of the method will be provided and results from recent flight tests will be shown to illustrate the performance and advantages of this approach. Discussion of maneuver requirements and data reduction will be included as well as potential applications.
Werkwijze voor het behandelen van ammonia-houdend afvalwater (1998)

Treatment of ammonia-comprising waste water comprises: (a) subjecting the waste water to a nitrification treatment using a nitrifying microorganism and adding oxygen, to give a solution comprising an oxidation product of ammonia, and (b) converting the oxidation product of ammonia into nitrogen using a denitrifying microorganism, use of bicarbonate-containing waste water, which is substantially stripped of bicarbonate by the supply of air, and maintaining the pH in the 1st step at \\~7.2 by controlling the aeration, part of the ammonia present is converted into nitrite, and in the 2nd step the denitrifying microorganism uses the formed nitrite as oxidant for the remaining ammonia.
Novel linear ion trap mass analyzer composed of four planar electrodes (2006)

A novel linear ion trap mass analyzer was developed using just four elongated planar electrodes, mounted in parallel, and employing an RF potential for ion trapping in the radial and axial directions. Mass analysis was achieved using the mass-selective instability scan with ion ejection in the radial direction. The performance of this new device was characterized in comparison with the 6-electrode rectilinear ion trap (RIT) from which it is derived. The 4-electrode trap gives optimum performance in an asymmetric geometry, just like the original optimized 6-electrode RIT. The strong RF fringing fields at the ends of the RF rods account for axial ion trapping without use of extra electrodes or an axial DC voltage. Field calculations and simulations have been carried out to study the trapping potential inside RITs with various configurations. Demonstrated capabilities include analysis of externally injected ions with mass resolution in excess of 1000 and a mass/charge range of 650 Th as well as tandem mass spectrometry capabilities. The geometric simplicity and performance characteristics of the 4-electrode RIT make it particularly attractive in the development of next generation miniaturized mass spectrometers.
Binding Dynamics of Hepatitis C Virus' NS5A Amphipathic Peptide to Cell and Model Membranes (2007)

Membrane association of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein is required for viral replication. This association is dependent on an N-terminal amphipathic helix (AH) within NS5A and is restricted to a subset of host cell intracellular membranes. The mechanism underlying this specificity is not known, but it may suggest a novel strategy for developing specific antiviral therapy. Here we have probed the mechanistic details of NS5A AH-mediated binding to both cell-derived and model membranes by use of biochemical membrane flotation and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with dissipation. With both assays, we observed AH-mediated binding to model lipid bilayers. When cell-derived membranes were coated on the quartz nanosensor, however, significantly more binding was detected, and the QCM-derived kinetic measurements suggested the existence of an interacting receptor in the target membranes. Biochemical flotation assays performed with trypsin-treated cell-derived membranes exhibited reduced AH-mediated membrane binding, while membrane binding of control cytochrome b5 remained unaffected. Similarly, trypsin treatment of the nanosensor coated with cellular membranes abolished AH peptide binding to the cellular membranes but did not affect the binding of a control lipid-binding peptide. These results therefore suggest that a protein plays a critical role in mediating and stabilizing the binding of NS5A's AH to its target membrane. These results also demonstrate the successful development of a new nanosensor technology ideal both for studying the interaction between a protein and its target membrane and for developing inhibitors of that interaction.
Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni by vaccination with schistosome paramyosin (Sm97), a nonsurface parasite antigen. (1988)

Paramyosin (Sm97), a 97-kDa myofibrillar protein identified by the unusually monospecific antibody response induced by intradermal vaccination of mice with a complex soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) of adult Schistosoma mansoni administered with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), was purified and tested for its capacity to protect mice against challenge infection. When administered intradermally with BCG at total doses of only 4-40 micrograms per mouse, both the native molecule and a recombinant expression product containing approximately 50% of the whole protein were found to confer significant resistance (26-33%) against challenge infection, while 2 mg of unfractionated SWAP was required to induce similar levels of protection. In addition, paramyosin was shown to stimulate T lymphocytes from vaccinated mice to produce lymphokines [e.g., gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)] that activate macrophages to kill schistosomula. Neither schistosome myosin nor a heterologous paramyosin from a different invertebrate genus were protective, indicating a requirement for specific epitopes in the immunization. That the protection induced by paramyosin involves a T-cell-mediated mechanism was supported by the failure of anti-paramyosin antibodies to passively transfer significant resistance to infection to recipient mice. Lymphocytes from mice vaccinated with paramyosin were found to produce IFN-gamma in response to living schistosomula, suggesting that during challenge infection of vaccinated hosts, paramyosin (a nonsurface antigen) may elicit a protective T-cell response as a consequence of its release from migrating parasite larvae. Paramyosin-depleted SWAP was also found to be protective as well as stimulatory for T lymphocytes from SWAP-vaccinated mice, indicating that other antigens in this preparation may have immunoprophylactic potential. In summary, these results (i) suggest that the induction of T-cell-dependent cell-mediated immunity against soluble nonsurface antigens may be an effective strategy for immunization against multicellular parasites and (ii) in the case of schistosomes, identify paramyosin as a candidate vaccine immunogen in this category.