gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
User friendly SLAM initialization (2013)

The development of new Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) techniques is quickly advancing in research communities and rapidly transitioning into commercial products. Creating accurate and high-quality SLAM maps relies on a robust initialization process. However, the robustness and usability of SLAM initialization for end-users has often been disregarded. This paper presents and evaluates a novel tracking system for 6DOF pose tracking between a single keyframe and the current camera frame, without any prior scene knowledge. Our system is particularly suitable for SLAM initialization, since it allows 6DOF pose tracking in the intermediate frames before a wide-enough baseline between two keyframes has formed. We investigate how our tracking system can be used to interactively guide users in performing an optimal motion for SLAM initialization. However, our findings from a pilot study indicate that the need for such motion can be completely hidden from the user and outsourced to our tracking system. Results from a second user study show that letting our tracking system create a SLAM map as soon as possible is a viable and usable solution. Our work provides important insight for SLAM systems, showing how our novel tracking system can be integrated with a user interface to support fast, robust and user-friendly SLAM initialization.
Simultaneous classical communication and quantum key distribution using continuous variables (2016)

Presently, classical optical communication systems employing strong laser pulses and quantum key distribution (QKD) systems working at single-photon levels are very different communication modalities. Dedicated devices are commonly required to implement QKD. In this paper, we propose a scheme which allows classical communication and QKD to be implemented simultaneously using the same communication infrastructure. More specially, we propose a coherent communication scheme where both the bits for classical communication and the Gaussian distributed random numbers for QKD are encoded on the same weak coherent pulse and decoded by the same coherent receiver. Simulation results based on practical system parameters show that both deterministic classical communication with a bit error rate of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ and secure key distribution could be achieved over tens of kilometers of single-mode fibers. It is conceivable that in the future coherent optical communication network, QKD will be operated in the background of classical communication at a minimal cost.
Experimental control of high-dimensional chaos: The driven double pendulum (1996)

Chaos control techniques exploit the sensitivity of chaos to initial conditions by applying feedback perturbations to an accessible system parameter. Most methods apply only one perturbation per period and are thus susceptible to control failure when applied to highly unstable systems. Here we extend a recently developed model-independent, quasicontinuous chaos control technique to stabilize a high-dimensional chaotic system: the driven double pendulum. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Liposomal Blockade of the Reticuloendothelial System: Improved Tumor Imaging with Small Unilamellar Vesicles (1983)

The reticuloendothelial system of mice bearing EMT6 tumors was effectively blocked by intravenous injections of small unilamellar vesicles that incorporated a 6-aminomannose derivative of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer. Neutral liposomes loaded with indium-111-nitrilotriacetic acid were then injected. Fifty percent more radioactivity was deposited in tumors of the animals with blocked reticuloendothelial systems than in controls. Twenty-four hours after the injection of radioactive vesicles, well-defined tumor images were observed in whole-body gamma camera scintigraphs. Biodistribution studies showed that tumors from animals with blocked reticuloendothelial systems had more than twice the radioactivity per gram than any other tissue analyzed.
Efficient and accurate testing of analog-to-digital converters using oscillation-test method (1997)

This paper describes a practical test approach for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) based on the oscillation-test strategy. The oscillation-test is applied to convert the ADC under test to an oscillator. The oscillation frequencies are able to monitor the ADC conversion rate, differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) at each quantization band edge (QBE). Using this method, no analog stimulus should be supplied and therefore the need for a costly precision signal generator is eliminated. Besides, as the oscillation frequency is evaluated using pure digital circuitry, test accuracy is increased. This test approach is not limited to a special kind of ADC. Simulations and practical implementation prove the efficiency of the proposed test approach for ADCs.
Validation of vector data using oblique images (2008)

Oblique images are aerial photographs taken at oblique angles to the earth's surface. Projections of vector and other geospatial data in these images depend on camera parameters, positions of the entities, surface terrain, and visibility. This paper presents a robust and scalable algorithm to detect inconsistencies in vector data using oblique images. The algorithm uses image descriptors to encode the local appearance of a geospatial entity in images. These image descriptors combine color, pixel-intensity gradients, texture, and steerable filter responses. A Support Vector Machine classifier is trained to detect image descriptors that are not consistent with underlying vector data, digital elevation maps, building models, and camera parameters. In this paper, we train the classifier on visible road segments and non-road data. Thereafter, the trained classifier detects inconsistencies in vectors, which include both occluded and misaligned road segments. The consistent road segments validate our vector, DEM, and 3-D model data for those areas while inconsistent segments point out errors. We further show that a search for descriptors that are consistent with visible road segments in the neighborhood of a misaligned road yields the desired road alignment that is consistent with pixels in the image.
Investigating Non-Radiative Energy Transfer in Quantum-Dot-Based White Light Emitting Diodes (2010)

We fabricated an InGaN based nanorod LED structure with colloidal quantum-dot (QD) phosphors deposited in between the nanorods, creating side-wall coupling between QD phosphors and InGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) emitters. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements for nanorod structures with and without colloidal QD coating were performed to study the direct MQW-to-QD non-radiative energy transfer.
Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 18. Epimeric 6.alpha.- and 6.beta.-iodo-3,14-dihydroxy-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5.alpha.-epoxymorphinans as potential ligands for opioid receptor single photon emission computed tomography: synthesis, evaluation, and radiochemistry of [125I]-6.beta.-iodo-3,14-dihydroxy-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5.alpha.-epoxymorphinan (1992)

The epimeric 6 beta- and 6 alpha-iodo-3,14-dihydroxy-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinans (1, ioxy) and (2, epioxy), respectively, were each synthesized in five steps starting with naltrexone. The configuration of the 6-iodo group of 1 was unequivocally determined to be beta-based on single crystal X-ray analysis of its precursor 3-acetoxy-6 beta-iodo-14-hydroxy-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinan (10). Both 1 and 2 as well as their corresponding 3-O-acetates 10 and 11 were found to readily cross the blood-brain barrier and completely reverse the analgesic effects of a 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of morphine sulfate as determined by the paw withdrawal latency test. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to bind with high affinity to mu, delta, and kappa receptors in vitro. In general, 1 and 2 exhibited higher affinity for mu and kappa receptors than naltrexone while the 6 beta-iodo epimer 1 (ioxy) was more potent than its epimer 2. In a comparison of the 6 beta-halogen substituent on binding affinity across opioid receptor subtypes, it was generally found that I greater than Br greater than F. On the basis of the results of in vitro and in vivo testing, 1 was selected as a target for radioiodination and evaluation as a potential single photon emission computed tomography imaging agent for opioid receptors. Carrier-free [125I]-1 was synthesized in near quantitative yield by the sequence of reaction of excess 3-acetoxy-6 alpha-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy]-14-hydroxy-17- (cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinan (8) with anhydrous Na125I in dry acetonitrile for 90 min at 76 degrees C followed by deacetylation of the product with 1:1 aqueous ammonia/acetonitrile at 25 degrees C. The potential of [125I]-1 as an in vivo imaging agent for opioid receptors is evaluated and discussed.
Diastereomeric Process Control in the Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Phosphorothioates (1999)

Abstract The emergence of antisense and antigene oligonucleotides as potential sequenceselective inhibitors of gene expression is evidenced by the growing number of ongoing clinicals trials against a variety of diseases. First generation antisense therapeutics utilize a uniformly modified oligodeoxyribonucleotide phosphorothioate where one non-bridging oxygen atom is formally replaced by sulfur, because natural DNA is unstable towards extra- and intracellular enzymes. Phosphoramidite chemistry has been widely used for the synthesis of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides because of its potential for automation, high coupling efficiency, ease of site-specific thioate linkage incorporation, and ready scalability. The large scale solid-supported synthesis of phosphorothioates is presently carried out by initial formation of the internucleotidic phosphite linkage followed by sulfurization of the phosphite triester to phosphorothioate using the Beaucage reagent. The resulting O,O-linked phosphorothioate diester linkage in the oligonucleotide is a chiral functional group. For a typical 20-mer there are 524,288 (219) possible diastereoisomers. Separation and individual quantification of this number of diastereomers is currently not feasible. In addition, the best reported methods for stereocontrolled synthesis of phosphorothioate oligomers are not presently useful for drug synthesis; that is, since net 100% enantiomeric excess is not achieved in the coupling step, the oligomeric product still consists of the same mixture of Sp and Rp diastereomers, except that the levels of all but one isomer are reduced to low individual levels. As a result, even a small change in the and Sp phosphorothioate diesters, due to racemization during coupling, indicating that the overall synthetic process is stereo reproducible and under inherent process control.
Development and Characterization of an Infectious cDNA Clone of the Modified Live Virus Vaccine Strain of Equine Arteritis Virus (2012)

A stable full-length cDNA clone of the modified live virus (MLV) vaccine strain of equine arteritis virus (EAV) was developed. RNA transcripts generated from this plasmid (pEAVrMLV) were infectious upon transfection into mammalian cells, and the resultant recombinant virus (rMLV) had 100% nucleotide identity to the parental MLV vaccine strain of EAV. A single silent nucleotide substitution was introduced into the nucleocapsid gene (pEAVrMLVB), enabling the cloned vaccine virus (rMLVB) to be distinguished from parental MLV vaccine as well as other field and laboratory strains of EAV by using an allelic discrimination real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay. In vitro studies revealed that the cloned vaccine virus rMLVB and the parental MLV vaccine virus had identical growth kinetics and plaque morphologies in equine endothelial cells. In vivo studies confirmed that the cloned vaccine virus was very safe and induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies against EAV in experimentally immunized horses. When challenged with the heterologous EAV KY84 strain, the rMLVB vaccine virus protected immunized horses in regard to reducing the magnitude and duration of viremia and virus shedding but did not suppress the development of signs of EVA, although these were reduced in clinical severity. The vaccine clone pEAVrMLVB could be further manipulated to improve the vaccine efficacy as well as to develop a marker vaccine for serological differentiation of EAV naturally infected from vaccinated animals.
Activities, Crystal Structures, and Molecular Dynamics of Dihydro-1<i>H</i>-isoindole Derivatives, Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase (2012)

On the basis of a series of lactam and phthalimide derivatives that inhibit HIV-1 integrase, we developed a new molecule, XZ-259, with biochemical and antiviral activities comparable to raltegravir. We determined the crystal structures of XZ-259 and four other derivatives in complex with the prototype foamy virus intasome. The compounds bind at the integrase-Mg(2+)-DNA interface of the integrase active site. In biochemical and antiviral assays, XZ-259 inhibits raltegravir-resistant HIV-1 integrases harboring the Y143R mutation. Molecular modeling is also presented suggesting that XZ-259 can bind in the HIV-1 intasome with its dimethyl sulfonamide group adopting two opposite orientations. Molecular dynamics analyses of the HIV-1 intasome highlight the importance of the viral DNA in drug potency.
Secondary Porosity and Permeability of Coal Vs. Gas Composition and Pressure (2004)

Abstract We have been investigating sequestration of atmospheric pollutants by injection into coal seams while at the same time enhancing hydrocarbon productivity by displacement of methane by the pollutants. During the course of our field measurements, we have been using single well injection, soak, and production tests to collect data required to understand and predict enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery potential and sequestration capacity. We found that changing the composition of the gas sorbed into the coal changes the porosity and permeability of the coal natural fracture system due to gas content changes, which cause matrix swelling or shrinkage due to relative adsorption of different gases. We collected sufficient information to develop a method for predicting the permeability and porosity of a coal bed as a function of the secondary porosity system (SPS) pressure and the gas content and composition of the primary porosity system (PPS). The method uses data from injection/falloff tests using water and/or a weaker adsorbing gas (WAG) than CH4 and a stronger adsorbing gas (SAG) than CH4. Estimates of effective permeability to gas and water obtained from these tests are used with an iterative computation procedure subject to constraints to solve for equivalent SPS porosity and absolute permeability at atmospheric pressure. Once calibrated, the model can be used to predict a coal bed's permeability and porosity as a function of injection pressure and injected fluid composition that in turn are used to predict injection performance. The model is applicable to production forecasts to account for SPS permeability and porosity changes as reservoir pressure declines with changes in gas composition. This paper describes the new model and discusses well test procedures to obtain the data required for model calibration. Also included are coal property estimates resulting from Alberta Medicine River (Manville) coal core and test data and an example model calibration.
Mutation of<i>luxS</i>Affects Biofilm Formation in<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (2003)

Quorum sensing is a bacterial mechanism for regulating gene expression in response to changes in population density. Many bacteria are capable of acyl-homoserine lactone-based or peptide-based intraspecies quorum sensing and luxS-dependent interspecies quorum sensing. While there is good evidence about the involvement of intraspecies quorum sensing in bacterial biofilm, little is known about the role of luxS in biofilm formation. In this study, we report for the first time that luxS-dependent quorum sensing is involved in biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. S. mutans is a major cariogenic bacterium in the multispecies bacterial biofilm commonly known as dental plaque. An ortholog of luxS for S. mutans was identified using the data available in the S. mutans genome project (http://www.genome.ou.edu/smutans.html). Using an assay developed for the detection of the LuxS-associated quorum sensing signal autoinducer 2 (AI-2), it was demonstrated that this ortholog was able to complement the luxS negative phenotype of Escherichia coli DH5alpha. It was also shown that AI-2 is indeed produced by S. mutans. AI-2 production is maximal during mid- to late-log growth in batch culture. Mutant strains devoid of the luxS gene were constructed and found to be defective in producing the AI-2 signal. There are also marked phenotypic differences between the wild type and the luxS mutants. Microscopic analysis of in vitro-grown biofilm structure revealed that the luxS mutant biofilms adopted a much more granular appearance, rather than the relatively smooth, confluent layer normally seen in the wild type. These results suggest that LuxS-dependent signal may play an important role in biofilm formation of S. mutans.
Platinum/Tin Oxide/Silica Gel Catalyst Oxidizes CO (1991)

Heterogeneous catalyst of platinum, tin oxide, and silica gel combines small concentrations of laser dissociation products, CO and O2, to form CO22 during long times at ambient temperature. Developed as means to prevent accumulation of these products in sealed CO2 lasers. Effective at ambient operating temperatures and installs directly in laser envelope. Formulated to have very high surface area and to chemisorb controlled quantities of moisture: chemisorbed water contained within and upon its structure, makes it highly active and very longlived so only small quantity needed for long times.
A Basis for New Approaches to the Chemotherapy of AIDS: Novel Genes in HIV-1 Potentially Encode Selenoproteins Expressed by Ribosomal Frameshifting and Termination Suppression (1994)

Several previously unnoticed genes in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), potentially encoding selenoproteins, have been discovered by analyzing the genomic RNA structure and its relation to novel open reading frames. We have found a number of new potential RNA pseudoknots, including one in the long terminal repeat, several that coincide with highly conserved enzyme active site sequences in the pol coding region, and one in the env coding region. These pseudoknots can potentially direct the synthesis of selenocysteine (SeC) containing--1 frameshift fusion proteins. This is possible because we have found potential SeC insertion sequences (SECIS) in the RNA of HIV and other retroviruses; such structures are known to be necessary and sufficient for the incorporation of SeC at UGA "stop" codons anywhere in a eukaryotic mRNA. In several locations, UGA codons in the -1 reading frame are highly conserved across a broad spectrum of primate immunodeficiency viruses. Due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, this conservation cannot be explained by evolutionary selection of the pol gene protein sequence alone. Such observations, combined with the conservation of the associated reading frames, strongly suggest that these are real genes, and thus that the pseudoknots are also real. A protease pseudoknot-directed -1 frameshift fusion protein contains a highly conserved SeC codon and has significant similarities to a number of DNA binding proteins, including papillomavirus E2 proteins, suggesting it may be a virally encoded repressor of HIV transcription when cleaved by protease from the rest of the gag-pol gene product. A reverse transcriptase (RT) frameshift fusion protein replaces the RT active site with a highly conserved SeC-containing module. An integrase frameshift fusion protein contains the N-terminal integrase DNA-binding domain and a potential ATP-binding "GKS" motif; it has significant similarities to several helicases, but no SeC codons. A potential frameshift fusion protein from env has one SeC codon, but not in a highly conserved position. SeC incorporation could extend the nef gene product by 33 residues through the C-terminal UGA codon without frameshifting, potentially leading to substantial SeC utilization in infected cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Inductive energy storage pulsed power modulator using high voltage static induction thyristor (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. Summary form only given. A high voltage static induction thyristor (SI Thy) has significant features, one of which is that carriers can be quickly pulled out of gate region without applying a high voltage to the gate. This feature makes the SI Thy especially suitable for a switch of high rep-rate inductive-energy-storage pulsed power modulators, since the switch can interrupt a current rapidly. In this research, a high rep-rate inductive-energy storage pulsed power modulator, which uses a high voltage SI Thy as an opening switch, has been designed and constructed for application to an induction synchrotron. The target operating frequency of the modulator is 1 Mpps. The induction synchrotron accelerates bunched charged particle beams using induced electric fields, which is proportional to the time derivative of magnetic flux in a toroidal core. In order to prevent a magnetic flux of the core from saturating, it is necessary to reset the toroidal core after each acceleration pulse. Therefore, a reset circuit independent of an acceleration circuit is needed in general. However, the proposed modulator can supply both the acceleration and the reset pulses without any additional circuit and is especially suitable for an induction synchrotron accelerator. We have succeeded in producing an acceleration pulse and a successive reset pulse. When the voltage of an acceleration pulse is about 170 V with a pulse width of 900ns, the obtained reset pulse has a peak voltage of 1.4 kV with pulse width of 124 ns. From a calculation of energy loss in SI Thy, it is expected to operate the modulator at a rep-rate of 200 kpps or more.
SpatioTemporal Feature Integration and Model Fusion for Full Reference\n Video Quality Assessment (2018)

Perceptual video quality assessment models are either frame-based or\nvideo-based, i.e., they apply spatiotemporal filtering or motion estimation to\ncapture temporal video distortions. Despite their good performance on video\nquality databases, video-based approaches are time-consuming and harder to\nefficiently deploy. To balance between high performance and computational\nefficiency, Netflix developed the Video Multi-method Assessment Fusion (VMAF)\nframework, which integrates multiple quality-aware features to predict video\nquality. Nevertheless, this fusion framework does not fully exploit temporal\nvideo quality measurements which are relevant to temporal video distortions. To\nthis end, we propose two improvements to the VMAF framework: SpatioTemporal\nVMAF and Ensemble VMAF. Both algorithms exploit efficient temporal video\nfeatures which are fed into a single or multiple regression models. To train\nour models, we designed a large subjective database and evaluated the proposed\nmodels against state-of-the-art approaches. The compared algorithms will be\nmade available as part of the open source package in\nhttps://github.com/Netflix/vmaf.\n