gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of Papillomavirus Structural Polypeptides from Papillomas by Immunoaffinity Chromatography (1987)

A broadly cross-reactive monoclonal antibody directed against papillomavirus, coupled to immunoaffinity columns, was used to isolate bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV-1) structural polypeptides from homogenates of productively infected cells. One of the polypeptides isolated from bovine fibropapillomas appeared to be the BPV-1 major capsid protein since it had a mol. wt. of 54K and was reactive by Western blots with papillomavirus genus- and BPV-1 type-specific rabbit antibodies as well as monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with BPV-1/BPV-2 and BPV-1/deer PV. A polypeptide from human plantar warts similarly appeared to be the major capsid component since it also had a mass of 54K to 55K and reacted with papillomavirus genus- and HPV type-specific rabbit antibodies. By using this technique structural viral polypeptides from papillomavirus-induced lesions containing readily detectable viral structural antigens but relatively few virus particles, such as seen with mucosotropic HPVs can now be isolated for mapping of virus-specific epitopes.
Beta-endorphin: replacement of tyrosine in position 27 by tryptophan increases analgesic potency--preparation and properties of the 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl derivative. (1982)

An analog of human beta-endorphin with tryptophan in position 27 has been synthetized by the solid-phase method. Bioassay of the analog showed that it had almost 4 times the analgesic potency of the parent hormone but only 68% of the opiate receptor-binding activity. The peptide is the most potent analgesic among the known synthetic analogs of beta-endorphin. The 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl derivative of the analog has been prepared and shown to have a lower analgesic potency and a higher opiate receptor-binding activity than the parent compound.
<title>Protected silver coating for astronomical mirrors</title> (1998)

A durable protected silver coating was designed and fabricated for use on flashlamp reflectors in the National Ignition Facility to avoid tarnishing under corrosive conditions and intense visible light. This coating provides a valuable alternative for telescope mirror coatings where high reflectance and durability are important requirements. This paper describes a protected silver coating having high reflectance from 400 mm to 10,000 nm. An alternate coating design extends the high reflectance down to 300 nm while maintaining high reflectance out to 10,000 nm. The specular reflectance is between 95% and 97% in the visible region and 98% or better in the infrared region.
The BCRs Expressed by Leukemia Cells from TCL1 Transgenic Mice Resemble Those of Unmutated B-CLL. (2005)

Abstract Introduction: Eμ-T cell leukemia-1 (TCL-1) transgenic (Tg) mice serve as models of human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). These animals develop oligoclonal expansions of CD5+ B cells, one of which transforms into a B-CLL-like cell at ~13 - 18 months of age. A major unanswered question is whether the IgV gene restrictions seen in the TCL1 Tg model resemble those identified in human B-CLL. Therefore we analyzed the DNA sequences of the expressed, rearranged VHDJH and VLJL from 11 TCL1 Tg mice for V gene use, association with specific D and J segments, and shared H and L CDR3 motifs. Methods: Total RNA was isolated from spleens and lymph nodes of mice with obvious leukemia and reverse-transcribed to cDNA. To determine the Ig VH genes used by B cell clonal expansions, consensus FR1 primers and consensus JH primers were used for PCR. For Ig VL genes, Vκ consensus primers and Cκ primers were used. PCR products were either sequenced directly or cloned into vectors and then analyzed. DNA sequences were compared to the mouse Ig V gene germline genes deposited in NCBI GenBank and IMGT V-Quest. To confirm that nucleotide differences were actual point somatic mutations and not polymorphisms of known VH germline genes or heretofore unrecognized germline genes, PCR was performed on DNA from splenocytes of non-Tg mice using primers specific for the intron upstream of FR1 and the recombination signal sequences 3′ of the gene. PCR products were cloned and up to 60 colonies were sequenced. Using this approach, three new germline genes were identified and reported to GenBank. HCDR3 motifs were used to search both nucleotide and protein databases to identify similar sequences of known antigen specificity or B-cell subset origin. Results: DNA sequences of the VHDJH and VLJL from all (n=11) TCL1 Tg mice studied were &lt;2% different from the most similar germline counterpart. Eight of the 11 clones used VH 1 family genes and the other three used VH 3, 5 and 12 family genes. HCDR3 and LCDR3 of these sequences frequently contained charged amino acids at the V-(D)-J junctions. Database searches for sequences similar to those of the TCL1 clones revealed groups of non-B-CLL sequences with identical or very similar HCDR3 motifs; some of these groups used the same VH gene and others used different VH genes. These structurally similar antibodies were either autoantibodies or antibodies produced by B-1 cells. One anti-bacterial antibody also was included. Conclusions: The clones that eventually become leukemic in TCL1 mice resemble those of human B-CLL cases with the worst clinical outcome in that they do not exhibit significant levels of Ig V gene mutations and they are structurally similar to autoantibodies and anti-microbial antibodies. Therefore, this model will be valuable in analyzing the development and progression of B-CLL cells from normal CD5+ B cells and the role that antigen-receptor engagement by autoantigens and microbial antigens plays in this process.
Molecular Determinants of the Cofactor Specificity of Ribitol Dehydrogenase, a Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase (2012)

Ribitol dehydrogenase from Zymomonas mobilis (ZmRDH) catalyzes the conversion of ribitol to d-ribulose and concomitantly reduces NAD(P)(+) to NAD(P)H. A systematic approach involving an initial sequence alignment-based residue screening, followed by a homology model-based screening and site-directed mutagenesis of the screened residues, was used to study the molecular determinants of the cofactor specificity of ZmRDH. A homologous conserved amino acid, Ser156, in the substrate-binding pocket of the wild-type ZmRDH was identified as an important residue affecting the cofactor specificity of ZmRDH. Further insights into the function of the Ser156 residue were obtained by substituting it with other hydrophobic nonpolar or polar amino acids. Substituting Ser156 with the negatively charged amino acids (Asp and Glu) altered the cofactor specificity of ZmRDH toward NAD(+) (S156D, [k(cat)/K(m)(,NAD)]/[k(cat)/K(m)(,NADP)] = 10.9, where K(m)(,NAD) is the K(m) for NAD(+) and K(m)(,NADP) is the K(m) for NADP(+)). In contrast, the mutants containing positively charged amino acids (His, Lys, or Arg) at position 156 showed a higher efficiency with NADP(+) as the cofactor (S156H, [k(cat)/K(m)(,NAD)]/[k(cat)/K(m)(,NADP)] = 0.11). These data, in addition to those of molecular dynamics and isothermal titration calorimetry studies, suggest that the cofactor specificity of ZmRDH can be modulated by manipulating the amino acid residue at position 156.
Holographic near-eye displays for virtual and augmented reality (2017)

We present novel designs for virtual and augmented reality near-eye displays based on phase-only holographic projection. Our approach is built on the principles of Fresnel holography and double phase amplitude encoding with additional hardware, phase correction factors, and spatial light modulator encodings to achieve full color, high contrast and low noise holograms with high resolution and true per-pixel focal control. We provide a GPU-accelerated implementation of all holographic computation that integrates with the standard graphics pipeline and enables real-time (≥90 Hz) calculation directly or through eye tracked approximations. A unified focus, aberration correction, and vision correction model, along with a user calibration process, accounts for any optical defects between the light source and retina. We use this optical correction ability not only to fix minor aberrations but to enable truly compact, eyeglasses-like displays with wide fields of view (80°) that would be inaccessible through conventional means. All functionality is evaluated across a series of hardware prototypes; we discuss remaining challenges to incorporate all features into a single device.
Revised motion estimation algorithm for PROPELLER MRI (2013)

The new algorithm compared favorably with the old in its ability to estimate bulk motion in a limited study of volunteer motion. A larger study of patients is planned for future work.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: Changes towards the Future (2015)

Since the first evidence demonstrating the dramatically high incidence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection and the subsequent medical challenges it incurs, health management of <i>H. pylori</i> infection has been a high priority for health authorities worldwide. Despite a decreasing rate of infection in western countries, prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection in developing and in some industrial countries is still very high. Whereas treatment and vaccination against <i>H. pylori</i> is a contemporary issue in medical communities, selective treatment and prior high-throughput screening of the subject population is a major concern of health organizations. So far, diagnostic tests are either elaborative and require relatively advanced medical care infrastructure or they do not fulfill the criteria recommended by the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus report. In this review, in light of recent scientific studies, we highlight current and possible future approaches for the diagnosis of <i>H. pylori</i>. We point out that novel non-invasive tests may not only cover the requirements of gold standard methods in <i>H. pylori</i> detection but also offer the potential for risk stratification of infection in a high throughput manner.
Single-mode etched-facet distributed Bragg reflector laser for uncooled operation (2004)

A novel AlGalnAs/InP single-mode laser was designed and fabricated using an etched-facet distributed Bragg reflector. It exhibits stable 1310 nm single-mode operation over a wide temperature range of 20 to 80/spl deg/C with high SMSR.
Solar-pumped fiber laser with transverse-excitation geometry (2018)

In this paper, we demonstrate an extremely low-concentrated solar-pumped laser (SPL) that uses a transversely excited fiber laser geometry. To eliminate the need for precise solar tracking with an aggressive cooling system and to considerably increase the number of laser applications, low-concentration factors in SPLs are highly desired. We investigate the intrinsic low-loss property of SiO<sub>2</sub> optical fibers; this property can be used to compensate for the extremely low gain coefficient of the weakly-pumped active medium by sunlight. As part of the experimental setup, a 40-m long Nd<sup>3+</sup>-doped SiO2 fiber coil was packed in a ring-shaped chamber filled with a sensitizer solution; this solution functioned as a down-shifter. The dichroic top window of the chamber transmitted a wide range of sunlight and reflected the down-shifted photons, confining them to the highly-reflective chamber until they were absorbed by the Nd<sup>3+</sup> ions in the active fiber. We demonstrated a lasing threshold that is 10 times the concentration of natural sunlight and two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional SPLs.
Hybrid Backscatter Communication for Wireless-Powered Heterogeneous Networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose hybrid backscatter communication for wireless-powered communication networks (WPCNs) to increase transmission range and provide uniform rate distribution in the heterogeneous network (HetNet) environment. In such HetNet, where the TV tower or high-power base station (macrocell) coexists with densely deployed small-power access points (e.g., small-cells or WiFi), users can operate in either bistatic scatter or ambient backscatter, or a hybrid of them, given that the harvested energy from the dedicated or ambient RF signals may not be sufficient enough to support the existing harvest-then-transmit protocol for WPCN, which is extended to the wireless-powered heterogeneous network (WPHetNet). Considering the hybrid and dual mode operation, we formulate a throughput maximization problem depending on the user location, namely Macro-zone or WiFi-zone. After performing the optimal time allocation for the above operation, we show that the proposed hybrid backscatter communication can increase the transmission range of WPHetNet, while achieving uniform rate distribution.
A new class of fenonic Markov word models for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (1991)

A technique for constructing hidden Markov models for the acoustic representation of words is described. The models, built from combinations of acoustically based subword units called fenones, are derived automatically from one or more sample utterances of words. They are more flexible than previously reported fenone-based word models and lead to an improved capability of modeling variations in pronunciation. In addition, their construction is simplified, because it can be done using the well-known forward-backward algorithm for the parameter estimation of hidden Markov models. Experimental results obtained on a 5000-word vocabulary continuous speech recognition task are presented to illustrate some of the benefits associated with the new models. Multonic baseforms resulted in a reduction of 16% in the average error rate obtained for ten speakers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of toxicity of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A mutants (1997)

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) is secreted by some strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and is strongly associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), a severe and often fatal illness. SPE A possesses a number of biological properties, some of which are shared with a group of exotoxins of streptococcal and staphylococcal origins, the pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs). SPE A's most extensively studied property is superantigenicity. Superantigenic activation of T cells and monocytes stimulates the release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta, interleukin 1, and gamma interferon. These endogenous mediators are considered to be the primary cause of capillary leak, hypotension, and shock, the most severe manifestations of STSS. However, several studies have suggested that other properties of SPE A, such as ability to greatly enhance host susceptibility to endotoxin and ability to interact directly with endothelial cells, may play substantial roles in the syndrome. In this work we generated single- and double-site mutations of SPE A at residues K16, N20, C87, C90, C98, K157, S195, N20/C98, and N20/K157. The mutant SPE A's were analyzed in vivo for their lethal activity and in vitro for their superantigenic ability. Our results indicate that SPE A's ability to induce lethality and endotoxin enhancement does not require superantigenicity, and conversely superantigenicity does not necessarily lead to lethality. Thus, these properties and their relative contributions to the onset of hypotension and shock may be separable. Furthermore, evidence is presented that certain mutant toxins may be suitable for use as vaccine toxoids.
Rifamycin R, a novel metabolite from a mutant of Nocardia mediterranea. (1978)

Heavy or light particles introduced into a liquid trigger motion due to their buoyancy, with the potential to drive flow to a turbulent state. In the case of vapor bubbles present in a liquid near its boiling point, thermal coupling between the liquid and vapor can moderate this additional motion by reducing temperature gradients in the liquid. Whether the destabilizing mechanical feedback or stabilizing thermal feedback will dominate the system response depends on the number of bubbles present and the properties of the phase change. Here we study thermal convection with phase change in a cylindrical Rayleigh–Bénard cell to examine this competition. Using the Reynolds number of the flow as a signature of turbulence and the intensity of the flow, we show that in general the rising vapor bubbles destabilize the system and lead to higher velocities. The exception is a limited regime corresponding to phase change with a high latent heat of vaporization (corresponding to low Jakob number), where the vapor bubbles can eliminate the convective flow by smoothing temperature differences of the fluid.
Immunogenic Stimulus for Germline Precursors of Antibodies that Engage the Influenza Hemagglutinin Receptor-Binding Site (2015)

Influenza-virus antigenicity evolves to escape host immune protection. Antibody lineages within individuals evolve in turn to increase affinity and hence potency. Strategies for a "universal" influenza vaccine to elicit lineages that escape this evolutionary arms race and protect against seasonal variation and novel, pandemic viruses will require directing B cell ontogeny to focus the humoral response on conserved epitopes on the viral hemagglutinin (HA). The unmutated common ancestors (UCAs) of six distinct, broadly neutralizing antibody lineages from one individual bind the HA of a virus circulating at the time the participant was born. HAs of viruses circulating more than 5 years later no longer bind the UCAs, but mature antibodies in the lineages bind strains from the entire 18-year lifetime of the participant. The analysis shows how immunological memory shaped the response to subsequent influenza exposures and suggests that early imprinting by a suitable influenza antigen may enhance likelihood of later breadth.
NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases (2016)

Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
Generating succinct titles for web URLs (2008)

How can a search engine automatically provide the best and most appropriate title for a result URL (link-title) so that users will be persuaded to click on the URL? We consider the problem of automatically generating link-titles for URLs and propose a general statistical framework for solving this problem. The framework is based on using information from a diverse collection of sources, each of which can be thought of as contributing one or more candidate link-titles for the URL. It can also incorporate the context in which the link-title will be used, along with constraints on its length. Our framework is applicable to several scenarios: obtaining succinct titles for displaying quicklinks, obtaining titles for URLs that lack a good title, constructing succinct sitemaps, etc. Extensive experiments show that our method is very effective, producing results that are at least 20% better than non-trivial baselines.
Catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbons from H/sub 2//CO mixtures over the Group VIII metals. IV. The kinetic behavior of CO hydrogenation over Ni catalysts. [Kinetics of] (1976)

The catalytic behavior of unsupported nickel and nickel dispersed on a variety of supports has been studied in the CO/H/sub 2/ synthesis reaction. The catalysts weree characterized by chemisorption and X-ray diffraction measurements. Specific activities and product distributions were determined and kinetic parameters for the methanation reaction were obtained. The specific activity is sensitive to the support material but the variation in activity is less than an order of magnitude. There is also evidence that maximum activity may occur over a certain nickel particle size range. The kinetic parameters are relatively insensitive to the support; however, dispersing nickel on any of the supports studied enhanced the formation of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons compared to unsupported nickel. These differences in catalytic behavior are attributed to changes in the adsorbed state of CO on nickel surfaces which are a result of metal-support interactions or variations in nickel crystallite size.
Efficacy of Loteprednol Etabonate Drug Delivery System in Suppression of in vitro Retinal Pigment Epithelium Activation (2015)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye; it is a pathophysiological characteristic of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Current clinical treatment utilizes frequent intravitreal injections, which can result in retinal detachment and increased ocular pressure. The purpose of the current study is to develop a novel drug delivery system of loteprednol etabonateencapsulated PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles incorporated into the PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermoreversible gel for treatment of AMD. The proposed drug delivery system was characterized for drug release, cytotoxicity studies and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suppression efficacy studies using ARPE-19 cells. The nanoparticles showed uniform size distribution with mean size of 168.60±23.18 nm and exhibited sustained drug release. Additionally, the proposed drug delivery system was non-cytotoxic to ARPE-19 cells and significantly reduced VEGF expression as compared to loteprednol etabonate solution. These results suggest the proposed drug delivery system can be used for further work in an animal model of experimental AMD with reduced intravitreal administration frequency.
RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR BINDER OXIDATIVE AGING (1999)

A rapid and simple method for simulating binder aging is presented. Using the eight Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) core asphalts, treating neat asphalt with microwave radiation for 7 hr and 20 min at 143 deg C and 440 psi (3034 kPa) yields a residue equivalent to that of + PAV. To test ability of microwave energy (dielectric heating) to simulate + PAV aging (conductive heating), six different tests were used to compare physical, chemical, and physicochemical changes resulting from the two modes of aging. The six tests are: intermediate-temperature stiffness, low-temperature stiffness, asphaltene content, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), asphalt relative total polarity, and infrared spectroscopy. Conductive heating (PAV, with or without RTFOT) under the conditions of microwave treatment (7 hr and 20 min at 143 deg C and 300 psi (2069 kPa) - for safety, 440 psi (3034 kPa) could not be used with PAV) yields a residue that shows clumping in the pan, and nonhomogeneity that prevented rheological testing. Therefore, conductive heating cannot replace dielectric heating for rapid aging. Alternatively, applying dielectric heating at the Superpave conditions of 20 hr at 100 deg C and 300 psi (2069 kPa), gives rheological changes equivalent to those produced by both the RTFOT plus the 20 hr of PAC at similar conditions. Thus, dielectric heating enhances oxidation even at 100 deg C. The enhancement is more pronounced at higher temperatures (143 deg C) with a 70% saving of time.