gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Highly Potent Therapeutic Antibody Neutralizes Multiple Human Chemokines and Mimics Viral Immune Modulation (2012)

Chemokines play a key role in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation and are implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune diseases. As such, inhibiting chemokine signaling has been of keen interest for the development of therapeutic agents. This endeavor, however, has been hampered due to complexities in the chemokine system. Many chemokines have been shown to signal through multiple receptors and, conversely, most chemokine receptors bind to more than one chemokine. One approach to overcoming this complexity is to develop a single therapeutic agent that binds and inactivates multiple chemokines, similar to an immune evasion strategy utilized by a number of viruses. Here, we describe the development and characterization of a novel therapeutic antibody that targets a subset of human CC chemokines, specifically CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, involved in chronic inflammatory diseases. Using a sequential immunization approach, followed by humanization and phage display affinity maturation, a therapeutic antibody was developed that displays high binding affinity towards the three targeted chemokines. In vitro, this antibody potently inhibits chemotaxis and chemokine-mediated signaling through CCR1 and CCR5, primary chemokine receptors for the targeted chemokines. Furthermore, we have demonstrated in vivo efficacy of the antibody in a SCID-hu mouse model of skin leukocyte migration, thus confirming its potential as a novel therapeutic chemokine antagonist. We anticipate that this antibody will have broad therapeutic utility in the treatment of a number of autoimmune diseases due to its ability to simultaneously neutralize multiple chemokines implicated in disease pathogenesis.
Learning with Average Precision: Training Image Retrieval with a\n Listwise Loss (2019)

Image retrieval can be formulated as a ranking problem where the goal is to\norder database images by decreasing similarity to the query. Recent deep models\nfor image retrieval have outperformed traditional methods by leveraging\nranking-tailored loss functions, but important theoretical and practical\nproblems remain. First, rather than directly optimizing the global ranking,\nthey minimize an upper-bound on the essential loss, which does not necessarily\nresult in an optimal mean average precision (mAP). Second, these methods\nrequire significant engineering efforts to work well, e.g. special pre-training\nand hard-negative mining. In this paper we propose instead to directly optimize\nthe global mAP by leveraging recent advances in listwise loss formulations.\nUsing a histogram binning approximation, the AP can be differentiated and thus\nemployed to end-to-end learning. Compared to existing losses, the proposed\nmethod considers thousands of images simultaneously at each iteration and\neliminates the need for ad hoc tricks. It also establishes a new state of the\nart on many standard retrieval benchmarks. Models and evaluation scripts have\nbeen made available at https://europe.naverlabs.com/Deep-Image-Retrieval/\n
Phthalonitrile cure reaction with aromatic diamines (1998)

Phthalonitrile monomers can be polymerized thermally in the presence of small amounts of curing agents into thermosetting polymers. The thermosets exhibit outstanding thermo-oxidative stability, display good mechanical properties, and offer promise as matrices for composite applications. The phthalonitrile cure reaction is typically accomplished with an aromatic diamine, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (m-APB), added in the range of 1.5–2% by weight of the monomer in the melt phase. This article addresses the cure reaction with a sulfone-containing diamine, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] sulfone (p-BAPS), which shows lower volatility as determined from thermogravimetric studies (TGA) compared to m-APB at the processing temperatures typically employed for phthalonitrile cures. Rheometric studies conducted to monitor the viscosity increase during a cure reaction suggest that the cure reaction with m-APB is faster compared to the reaction with p-BAPS. Even though differences are seen in the initial cure rates, the final cured products are similar in terms of the glass transition temperatures and thermal and oxidative stabilities. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1885–1890, 1998
Black liquor gasification (1986)

Abstract A new process has been developed for converting concentrated Kraft mill black liquor into clean fuel gas and reduced smelt. Bench‐ and pilot‐scale tests have demonstrated that the process can be operated to provide essentially complete conversion of the black liquor feed into fuel gas with a heating value of about 4470 kJ/m 3 (120 Btu/scf) and smelt that is over 95% reduced to sulfide. Engineering studies indicate that the process can be used to fuel a gas turbine in a power generation system that integrates well with the requirements of a pulp mill. The overall process has the potential for higher efficiency, lower cost, and greater safety than conventional Tomlinson recovery boiler systems.
27.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Opening the Door to New LCD Applications Via Polymer Walls (2015)

Free‐form, or unbreakable displays are attractive from a consumer point of view but are difficult to manufacture. We have developed state‐of‐the‐art liquid crystal mixtures that can create polymer wall structures within the display. This utilizes existing manufacturing techniques and enables flexible substrate based liquid crystal displays.
Studies of the Synthesis of SSZ-25 Zeolite in a “Mixed-Template” System (2001)

The synthesis of aluminosilicate zeolite, SSZ-25, is described using a two-component organic guest molecule strategy. This method has been recently described by us and is quite effective in crystallizing a variety of aluminosilicate zeolites with reduction in template cost. In this instance the original organic guest component used in the discovery of SSZ-25, N′,N′,N′-trimethyl-2-adamantammonium cation, is used in conjunction with a variety of smaller amines. The amine is the major organic component in the synthesis and the quaternary ammonium compound, while a minor component, is essential for structure direction to the desired zeolite product. Studies here show that the adamantyl component is preferentially taken up during crystal growth. Our studies showed that the use of the multi-organic component approach to synthesis resulted in a faster and cheaper route to crystallizing SSZ-25. The SSZ-25 has been described in the literature as having the MWW topology and as such has two different channel systems accessed by 10-ring openings; the channel systems do not intersect. One set of 10-rings open into large cavities. In this study we used NMR spectroscopy to examine the as-made materials and to see if the two organic components are used in different capacities in the synthesis, probing if the admantyl component is only found in these larger cavities. The crystalline products could be affected by solvent extraction with polar solvents like dimethylformamide; the X-ray powder patterns and elemental analyses changed with solvent treatment. The solvent-treated crystals were studied by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and argon adsorption. The two-component organic guest approach was also found to be quite flexible not only with regard to the amine, but also towards the quaternary ammonium compounds. Non-adamantyl polycyclic templates could be used, and polar but non-quaternized adamantyl derivatives also succeeded in directing towards SSZ-25 formation. On the other hand, in one instance it was shown that the two-component approach favors SSZ-25 as the kinetic product but at longer run times Ostwald ripening was observed, leading to the disappearance of SSZ-25 and formation of ferrierite zeolite and quartz.
A Real-Time Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) (1987)

A serious disadvantage of most confocal optical scanning microscopes is that they use mechanical scanning methods, which lead to long frame times. Here we describe an off-axis CLSM in which scanning of the laser focal point is achieved with the aid of a fast acousto-optical deflector for line scanning, and a scanning mirror for frame scanning. This arrangement affords short frame-times of 0.05 seconds, and 0.02 seconds is within easy reach. A more or less three-dimensional image of the object can be built up at high speed by combining a number of confocal image sections. The system is suitable for reflection as well as fluorescence microscopy.
A strong reduction in the density of near-interface traps at the SiO2∕4H-SiC interface by sodium enhanced oxidation (2007)

This paper demonstrates how sodium enhanced oxidation of Si face 4H-SiC results in removal of near-interface traps at the SiO2∕4H-SiC interface. These detrimental traps have energy levels close to the SiC conduction band edge and are responsible for low electron inversion channel mobilities (1–10cm2∕Vs) in Si face 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors. The presence of sodium during oxidation increases the oxidation rate and suppresses formation of these near-interface traps resulting in high inversion channel mobility of 150cm2∕Vs in such transistors. Sodium is incorporated by using carrier boats made of sintered alumina during oxidation or by deliberate sodium contamination of the oxide during the formation of the SiC∕SiO2 interface.
Liquid Crystal Optics For Laser Systems (1988)

We present an overview of the development of laser optics utilizing liquid crystals. Devices discussed include wave plates, circular polarizers, optical isolators, laser blocking notch filters and laser beam apodizers. Issues addressed include fabrication methods and laser damage resistance.
The First α-Fluoroallenylphosphonate, the Synthesis of Conjugated Fluoroenynes, and the Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinylfluorophosphonates Using a New Multifunctional Fluorine-Containing Building Block (1999)

Limitations on current methodologies for the introduction of CF(2) and CFH in complex alpha-fluorophosphonates led to the synthesis of a fluorine-containing building block TIPS-C&tbd1;CCFXP(O)(OEt)(2), where X = H or F. This multifunctional fluorine synthon reacts with carbonyl compounds under WHE conditions to give high yields of fluorinated conjugated enynes and enediyne. When X = F, trapping of the desilylated anion with an electrophile after TIPS removal provided exclusive access to gamma-substituted derivatives of alpha-fluorophosphonates. When X = H, TBAF deprotection of the silyl group yields H(2)C=C=CFP(O)(OEt)(2) through an allenyl-propargyl resonance stabilized anion. The allene moiety has been used as template in the stereoselective synthesis of alpha-fluoro-beta, gamma-diiodopropenyl phosphonate, via electrophilic iodination, and alpha-fluoro-gamma-amino-alpha,beta-unsaturated phosphonates, including unsaturated phosphononucleosides, by nucleophilic displacement of an allylic iodide. Hydroamination of H(2)C=C=CFP(O)(OEt)(2) using secondary amines produced (Z)-alpha-fluoroenaminophosphonates, whereas Diels-Alder cycloaddition with cyclopentadiene provides the corresponding exocyclic vinylfluorophosphonate.
Potentiation of angiostatic steroids by a synthetic inhibitor of arylsulfatase. (1988)

Sodium 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-alpha-toluenesulfonate (HNT, compound II, Fig. 7) is a synthetic inhibitor of arylsulfatase (E.C. 3.1.6.1.). At 1 to 10 mM, HNT increased the clotting time of heparinized rabbit blood by 7-fold. In the 6-day chick embryo, mixtures of heparin and hydrocortisone applied to the chorioallantoic membrane, are known to inhibit specifically the growth of capillary blood vessels. HNT potentiated this antiangiogenic activity in a dose-dependent manner when the concentration of heparin was suboptimal. Potentiation of the antiangiogenic activity of steroids by HNT correlated inversely with the concentration of exogenous heparin. In the absence of exogenous heparin, hydrocortisone did not inhibit angiogenesis. Hydrocortisone and HNT, however, inhibited angiogenesis to the same extent as hydrocortisone and heparin. An arylsulfatase with a Km of 1.5 mM for nitrocatechol sulfate as substrate and a Ki of 10.0 microM for the inhibition of HNT, was identified in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Preincubation of heparin with a commercially available arylsulfatase caused a 50% reduction in antiangiogenic activity of heparin-steroid mixtures applied to the chorioallantoic membrane. This loss of activity was prevented completely by addition of HNT to the arylsulfatase-heparin incubation mixture. These results suggest that HNT (a) potentiates the anticoagulant function of heparin, (b) prevents the inactivation of antiangiogenic activity of heparin by an endogenous arylsulfatase in the chorioallantoic membrane and by a commercial arylsulfatase, and (c) in the presence of angiostatic steroids can inhibit angiogenesis in the chick embryo without the addition of exogenous heparin. On the basis of these data, we propose that this inhibitor of arylsulfatase acts to potentiate angiostatic steroids by suppressing the desulfation of tissue heparin.
Iterative decoding algorithms updating likelihood and channel values based on interim hard decision results (2002)

This paper presents novel decoding algorithms for turbo codes, in which the likelihood and channel values are updated in order for those values to become closer to the true values thorough the iterative decoding procedure. The criteria for updating the likelihood and channel values are proposed, those are based on the simple means to compare the interim hard decision results from each of component decoders.
Novel Orally Bioavailable γ-Secretase Inhibitors with Excellent in Vivo Activity (2009)

The development of potent gamma-secretase inhibitors having substituted heterocycles attached to a benzobicyclo[4.2.1]nonane core is described. This work led to the identification of [6S,9R,11R]-2',3',4',5,5',6,7,8,9,10-decahydro-2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)-5'-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)spiro[6,9-methanobenzocyclooctene-11,3'-[1,2,5]thiadiazole] 1',1'-dioxide (16), which has excellent in vitro potency (0.06 nM) and which reduced amyloid-beta in APP-YAC mice with an ED(50) of 1 mg/kg (po). 16 had a good pharmacokinetic profile in three preclinical species.
Image ghosting reduction in lenticular relief prints (2014)

Commonly known lenticular prints use a lens-like system superimposed on a standard 2D print to control the light sent into each direction. Thanks to our 2.5D or relief printing system, we are capable of creating a lenticular effect embedded directly on the prints that does not require the use of a system of lenses. On a zigzag-shaped surface composed of continuous small triangles two source images are interlaced and printed on the sides of the triangular structures, each side corresponding to one of the two intended views. The effect of crosstalk or ghosting is often encountered in lenticular prints. Ghosting occurs when some parts of one source image remain visible for the illumination or viewing direction corresponding to the other source image. In this work, we use an image-content-driven technique that identifies the regions in the source images that are prone to cause ghosting for a given set of viewing angles. For the purpose of eliminating this artefact, a model of the ghosting effect appearance is implemented and used for compensation. We have observed improvements in the quality of the lenticular effect, however the impact on the quality of the prints still needs to be evaluated.
Novel Rho Kinase Inhibitors with Bronchodilator and Anti‐inflammatory Properties Suitable for Treatment of Respiratory Diseases (2009)

Novel Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors were tested for attenuation of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation. Two distinct profiles of molecules were explored: orally bioavailable molecules, represented by INS117758, suitable for oral product development; and orally nonbioavailable molecules, represented by INS117509, suitable for development as an inhaled product with limited systemic exposure. INS117758 and INS117509 potently inhibit ROCK2 (K i values of 3.8 and 3.3 nM, respectively). While INS117758 is orally bioavailable in rats following 10 mg/kg p.o. dosing (C max = 5.6 μM, T max = 0.83 hours, T 1/2 = 1.55 hours), INS117509 was not detectable in rat plasma following p.o. dosing. INS117758 and INS117509 relaxed carbachol‐precontracted tracheal rings (242 nM and 103 nM IC 50 s, respectively). Dosing of INS117758 p.o. at 5 mg/kg and INS117509 intratracheally (i.t.) at 1.5 mg/kg fully reversed AHR and reduced eosinophilia in OVA‐sensitized mice and neutrophilia in LPS‐exposed mice. In conclusion, Inspire novel ROCK inhibitors are suitable for treatment of respiratory diseases with AHR and pulmonary inflammation via oral route of delivery as well as inhaled route of delivery with limited systemic exposure. Funded by Inspire Pharmaceuticals.
Intersection-Controller Software Module (2005)

An important part of the emergency-vehicle traffic-light-preemption system summarized in the preceding article is a software module executed by a microcontroller in each intersection controller. This module monitors the broadcasts from all nearby participating emergency vehicles and intersections. It gathers the broadcast data pertaining to the positions and velocities of the vehicles and the timing of traffic and pedestrian lights and processes the data into predictions of the future positions of the vehicles. Analyzing the predictions by a combination of proximity tests, map-matching techniques, and statistical calculations designed to minimize the adverse effects of uncertainties in vehicle positions and headings, the module decides whether to preempt and issues the appropriate commands to the traffic lights, pedestrian lights, and electronic warning signs at the intersection. The module also broadcasts its state to all nearby vehicles and intersections. The module is designed to mitigate the effects of missing data and of unpredictable delays in the system. It has been intensively tested and refined so that it fails to warn in very few cases and issues very few false warnings.
Clay-epoxy nanocomposites: Relationships between reinforcement properties and the extent of clay layer exfoliation (1995)

New epoxy-clay nanocomposites with sub-ambient glass transition temperatures have been prepared by the reaction of epoxy resin and a polyetheramine curing agent in the presence of long chain (carbon number {>=}10) alkylammonium ion exchanged forms of montmorillonite clays. Owing to the expansion of the clay galleries upon polymer network formation, the cured composites contain nanoscopic clay plates dispersed in a rubbery polymer matrix. Both the tensile strength and the modulus of the polymer-clay nanocomposite increased with increasing clay content. Shorter chain (carbon number <10) alkylammonium ion exchanged montmorillonite was exfoliated by using hot-mold-casting methods. The structure and properties of the fully exfoliated nanocomposites were compared with those of the partially exfoliated epoxy-clay nanocomposites. Short chain alkylammonium exchanged clays are preferred as reinforcing agents if a fully exfoliated nanocomposite can be obtained.
Application of superconducting coils to VAR control in electric power systems: a proposal (1979)

During the last eight years, static VAR-control systems with thyristor-controlled, room-temperature reactors have been used in electrical systems for voltage control and system stabilization. In this proposal, we describe a new static VAR-control system that uses an asymmetrically controlled Graetz bridge and a superconducting dc coil. Preliminary studies indicate that the proposed system will have lower overall losses and that its capital cost and electrical characteristics are comparable to those of a conventional system. Three- and four-year programs for developing the electronic circuitry and superconducting coils for VAR control, culminating in the installation and testing of an approx. 40-MVAR system, are proposed.
Maintaining the stability of deviated and horizontal wells: Effects of mechanical, chemical and thermal phenomena on well designs (2008)

Wellbore instability, particularly in shale formations, is regarded as a major challenge in drilling operations. Many factors, such as rock properties, in-situ stresses, chemical interactions between shale and drilling fluids, and thermal effects, should be considered in well trajectory designs and drilling fluid formulations in order to mitigate wellbore instability-related problems. A comprehensive study of wellbore stability in shale formations that takes into account the three-dimensional earth stresses around the wellbore as well as chemical and thermal effects is presented in this work. The effects of borehole configuration (e.g. inclination and azimuth), rock properties (e.g. strength, Young's modulus, membrane efficiency and permeability), temperature and drilling fluid properties (e.g. mud density and chemical concentrations) on wellbore stability in shale formations have been investigated. Results from this study indicate that for low-permeability shales, chemical interactions between the shale and water-based fluids play an important role. Not only is the activity of the water important but the diffusion of ions is also a significant factor for saline fluids. The cooling of drilling fluids is found to be beneficial in preventing compressive failure. However, decreasing the mud temperature can be detrimental since it reduces the fracturing pressure of the formation, which can result in lost-circulation problems. The magnitude of thermal effects depends on shale properties, earth stresses and wellbore orientation and deviation. Conditions are identified when chemical and thermal effects play a significant role in determining the mud-weight window when designing drilling programmes for horizontal and deviated wells. The results presented in this paper will help in reducing the risks associated with wellbore instability and thereby lowering the overall non-productive times and drilling costs.
DYN 12, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of the Enzyme Amadorase, Lowers Plasma 3-Deoxyglucosone Levels in Diabetic Rats (2001)

3-Deoxyglucosone (3DG) is a highly reactive alpha-dicarbonyl sugar and potent protein cross-linker that is important in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which have been postulated to lead to the development of diabetic complications. (1) Reducing 3DG levels in diabetics is a potentially effective therapy to slow the development of diabetic complications. Standard biochemical methods were used to isolate, identify, and characterize the enzyme responsible for the production of 3DG, in order to develop an effective therapeutic agent against this target. We have purified and characterized Amadorase, a fructosamine-3-kinase, and demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo that it is responsible for the production of 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG). A small molecule inhibitor of Amadorase, DYN 12, significantly lowered plasma levels of 3DG in diabetic (by 46%, p = 0.0116) and normal (by 43%, p = 0.0024) rats. These data are the first indications that it is possible to significantly reduce 3DG production in diabetics and thus possibly reduce the development of diabetic complications.