gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW OF 3D SPATIAL DATA MODELS FOR SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE INTEGRATION OF SPATIAL OBJECTS (2023)

Abstract. Three dimensional (3D) spatial data models have been known as a geographic information system platform for representing the dimensionality of spatial objects with respect to the real world. They can be used to mimmick the real-world objects above the ground, on the ground and underground. A 3D spatial data model that can integrate surface and subsurface elements will have a significant impact on engineering, spatial and urban planning, and the built environment. Such an impact includes good infrastructure development, proper planning, result-oriented installation of utilities, location-specific excavation of existing utilities, and cost-effective economy resulting from minimal damage of infrastructures. This article explores and documents the state-of-the-art with respect to 3D spatial data models specifically for the integration of surface and subsurface objects based on a thorough review of the literature in academic articles, technical reports, and web-based materials. To better understand the scope, this paper reviews the different 3D spatial modelling approach for surface spatial objects, subsurface spatial objects, and with keen focus on surface and subsurface spatial objects integration. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has played an important role in data integration and has a core space in 3D spatial data model evolution. One of the recent data models for such task is CityJSON due to its simplicity in data storage, visualization, manipulation, and data update compared to CityGML. The parameters influencing the choice of models can be attributed to the availability of data structure, applicability, exchange format and relevance. Based on the range of 3D spatial data model reviewed, a unified model is expedient for integration of surface and subsurface spatial objects.
Decoy nanoparticles protect against COVID-19 by concurrently adsorbing viruses and inflammatory cytokines (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has highlighted the urgent need to rapidly develop therapeutic strategies for such emerging viruses without effective vaccines or drugs. Here, we report a decoy nanoparticle against COVID-19 through a powerful two-step neutralization approach: virus neutralization in the first step followed by cytokine neutralization in the second step. The nanodecoy, made by fusing cellular membrane nanovesicles derived from human monocytes and genetically engineered cells stably expressing angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptors, possesses an antigenic exterior the same as source cells. By competing with host cells for virus binding, these nanodecoys effectively protect host cells from the infection of pseudoviruses and authentic SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, relying on abundant cytokine receptors on the surface, the nanodecoys efficiently bind and neutralize inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and significantly suppress immune disorder and lung injury in an acute pneumonia mouse model. Our work presents a simple, safe, and robust antiviral nanotechnology for ongoing COVID-19 and future potential epidemics.
Young Child Formula (2017)

Young child formulae (YCF) are milk-based drinks or plant protein-based formulae intended to partially satisfy the nutritional requirements of young children ages 1 to 3 years. Although widely available on the market, their composition is, however, not strictly regulated and health effects have not been systematically studied. Therefore, the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition (CoN) performed a systematic review of the literature to review the composition of YCF and consider their role in the diet of young children. The review revealed limited data but identified that YCF have a highly variable composition, which is in some cases inappropriate with very high protein and carbohydrate content and even high amounts of added sugars. Based on the evidence, ESPGHAN CoN suggests that the nutrient composition of YCF should be similar to that of follow-on formulae with regards to energy and nutrients that may be deficient in the diets of European young children such as iron, vitamin D, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), whereas the protein content should aim toward the lower end of the permitted range of follow-on formulae if animal protein is used. There are data to show that YCF increase intakes of vitamin D, iron, and n-3 PUFAs. However, these nutrients can also be provided via regular and/or fortified foods or supplements. Therefore, ESPGHAN CoN suggests that based on available evidence there is no necessity for the routine use of YCF in children from 1 to 3 years of life, but they can be used as part of a strategy to increase the intake of iron, vitamin D, and n-3 PUFA and decrease the intake of protein compared with unfortified cow's milk. Follow-on formulae can be used for the same purpose. Other strategies for optimizing nutritional intake include promotion of a healthy varied diet, use of fortified foods, and use of supplements.
A Novel Distance Estimation Method Leading a Forward Collision Avoidance Assist System for Vehicles on Highways (2016)

This paper proposes a novel distance estimation method to build a forward collision avoidance assist system (FCAAS) containing techniques of lane marking detection, vehicle tracking, and distance estimation. First, a lane marking detection technique uses a RANSAC algorithm to extract lines of lane markings, which were previously collected from an inverse perspective mapping image filtered by steerable filters. A Kalman filter then tracks the extracted lines accurately and efficiently. Second, a vehicle tracking technique implements a multiple-vehicle tracking method using a particle filter, which tracks the vehicles detected by an AdaBoost classifier. An improved particle filter is implemented to predict the next movement of a vehicle and spread the particles near the predicted location of the vehicle instead of originally spreading the particles around the current location of the vehicle. Finally, an innovative distance estimation method is derived to estimate the distance between the ego vehicle and the front vehicle. The distance estimation method is verified by setting several standard points in the image, whose locations can be measured according to the regulation of lane markings. As a result, verification of the distance estimation method demonstrates a robust feasibility in reality. The FCAAS shows its potential in particular scenes through many experimental sequences acquired from highways in the real world. In addition, the FCAAS fits the demand of a real-time speed system with a speed of 22 frames/s.
Cyberdog: The Complete Guide to Apple's Internet Productivity Technology (1996)

An overview of Cyberdog opportunities with Cyberdog what you need to know about OpenDoc to understand Cyberdog what you need to know about the Internet to use Cyberdog terms and definitions how to put a Cyberdog part into a document the rest of it scripting operations incorporating Cyberdog into existing processes and applications interface issues system design issues for normal people.
Purification and characterization of the amino-terminal propeptide of pro .alpha.1 (I) chains from embryonic chick tendon procollagen (1980)

A peptide with an apparent molecular weight of 23,000 was isolated from the medium of cultured chick embryo tendons. Comparison of tryptic peptides derived from the medium peptide and from the amino-terminal, bacterial collagenase resistant portion of Type I procollagen indicated that the medium peptide represented the amino-terminal precursor-specific region of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain of procollagen. This conclusion was supported by the demonstration that antibodies against the medium peptide reacted with Type I procollagen in a radioimmune assay but did not react with a peptide derived from the carboxy-terminal propeptide of Type I procollagen. In addition, the reaction with Type I procollagen was inhibited with the purified amino-terminal, collagenase-resistant portion of pro alpha 1 (I) chains. Finally, amino acid sequencing demonstrated that the amino propeptide of dermatosparactic calf pN alpha 1 (I) chains and the medium peptide have similar amino-terminal sequences. Carbohydrate analysis established the presence of one residue of N-acetylglucosamine and a trace of mannose and galactose.
Design of doubly-complementary IIR digital filters using a single complex allpass filter, with multirate applications (1987)

It is shown that a large class of real-coefficient doubly-complementary IIR transfer function pairs can be implemented by means of a single complex allpass filter. For a real input sequence, the real part of the output sequence corresponds to the output of one of the transfer functions <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G(z)</tex> (for example, lowpass), whereas the imaginary part of the output sequence corresponds to its "complementary" filter <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H(z)</tex> (for example, highpass). The resulting implementation is structurally lossless, and hence the implementations of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G(z)</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H(z)</tex> have very low passband sensitivity. Numerical design examples are included, and a typical numerical example shows that the new implementation with 4 bits per multiplier is considerably better than a direct form implementation with 9 bits per multiplier. Multirate filter bank applications (quadrature mirror filtering) are outlined.
Changes in the relative abundance of type I and type II lck mRNA transcripts suggest differential promoter usage during T-cell development. (1990)

The lck gene, which encodes the lymphoid cell-specific tyrosine protein kinase p56lck, is expressed from two widely separated promoters. The proximal promoter gives rise to a type I lck transcript, and the distal promoter gives rise to a type II transcript. We found that the ratio of the two transcripts changed during T-cell maturation. Type I lck mRNA was twofold more abundant than the type II transcript in early fetal thymocytes. In the adult, the type I and type II lck mRNAs were present in approximately equal amounts in immature thymocytes expressing the heat-stable antigen. In contrast, there was five- to ninefold more type II lck than type I lck mRNA in more mature thymocytes that did not express the heat-stable antigen and in splenic T cells. This change in relative transcript abundance probably reflects activation of the distal promoter and inactivation of the proximal promoter during T-cell maturation in the thymus. It is possible that the two promoters are regulated by different trans-acting factors whose expression is regulated during T-cell maturation.
Fluoroxytrifluoromethane reactions with polynuclear arenes. A new route to fluorinated K-region ketones (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoroxytrifluoromethane reactions with polynuclear arenes. A new route to fluorinated K-region ketonesTimothy B. Patrick, Mary H. LeFaivre, and Thomas E. KoertgeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 21, 3413–3415Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00883a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (423 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of all-trans retinoic acid and antireceptor antibodies on growth and programmed cell death of human myeloma cells. (1996)

In contrast to cytotoxic agents inducing rapid cell death, biological agents such as hormones, vitamins (e.g., retinoids), cytokines, and antireceptor antibodies act slowly and may alter ratios between cell growth and programmed cell death (apoptosis). We showed previously that anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) and antitransferrin (Tf) receptor antibodies inhibited in vitro growth and induced death of myeloma cells. Retinoids also inhibit in vitro growth of human cancer cells and decrease IL-6 receptor display and autosecretion by some myeloma cells. Retinoids may also antagonize in vitro growth-promoting effects of iron and transferrin. To develop a novel strategy for treating myeloma, we examined antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of retinoids in combination with anti-Tf or anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies. Myeloma cell lines were cultured with retinoids with or without anti-growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies. Both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 13-cis-retinoic acid showed variable, dose-dependent inhibition of myeloma cell line growth. ATRA also induced significant down-regulation of myeloma IL-6 receptors and inhibited IL-6 autosecretion by myeloma cells. Antiproliferative effects of ATRA were increased by coculture with anti-Tf but not anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies. Colony-forming assays showed that antiproliferative effects of anti-Tf receptor antibodies were largely reversible, but 1 microM ATRA was cytotoxic to myeloma cells. To assess apoptosis, a flow cytometry assay detecting DNA damage was used. Using previously studied cell line models, flow cytometry detected programmed cell death induced by transforming growth factor beta1 in leukemia cells and by anti-growth factor receptor antibody treatment of IL-6-dependent myeloma cells, treatments which caused only modest increases in the percentage of cells undergoing morphological apoptosis and increased internucleosomal DNA degradation. Flow cytometry analysis of ATRA and anti-Tf antibody-treated myeloma cells also showed evidence for apoptosis induced by ATRA, but not with anti-Tf receptor antibodies. These changes were apparent several days before detection of internucleosomal DNA degradation on agarose gels in 8226 cells but were not detected at any time in U266 cells, which underwent cell death but showed no DNA damage using flow cytometry or degradation on agarose gels. Retinoids merit further study as possible maintenance or chemoprevention therapies for clonal plasma cell disorders and for treating paraneoplastic disorders such as Castleman's disease. Flow cytometry rapidly detects apoptosis induced by biological agents and may be useful for in vitro screening of novel biological therapies.
y4xP, an Open Reading Frame Located in a Type III Protein Secretion System Locus of <i>Sinorhizobium fredii</i> USDA257 and USDA191, Encodes Cysteine Synthase (2006)

Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a soybean symbiont, exports several nodulation outer proteins (Nops) into the rhizosphere. These proteins, which are exported by a type III secretion system (TTSS), have a pivotal role in host-specific nodulation. The entire TTSS of S. fredii lies within a 31-kb region that includes conserved genes that code for secretion machinery proteins, Nops, and several open reading frames (ORF) of unknown function. Identifying the functions of these ORF is essential to understand fully the role of TTSS in nodulation. Here, we report the characterization of y4xP, an ORF of previously unknown function. Southern blot analysis revealed that USDA257 contains two copies of y4xP, while a sibling, USDA191, contains a single copy. The amino acid sequence of Y4XP is homologous to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cysteine synthase, a key enzyme in sulfur assimilation. The coding region of USDA257 y4xP under control of T7 promoter was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. Antibodies generated against soybean cysteine synthase cross-reacted with the recombinant protein. A nonpolar mutant of y4xP of USDA191 showed a marked reduction in cysteine synthase activity. Enzyme activity was completely restored when the mutant was complemented with a plasmid containing the y4xP sequence. Cysteine synthase activity was confined to the cell cytosol. Extracellular protein fraction from genistein-induced USDA191 showed no cysteine synthase activity. This observation indicates that cysteine synthase, which is located in the TTSS locus, is not a type III secreted protein. A nonpolar cysteine synthase mutant was able to export all the Nops to the rhizosphere, albeit in reduced amounts compared with the wild-type USDA191. Interestingly, USDA191 cysteine synthase mutant was able to initiate nodules on 'McCall' soybean more efficiently than the wild-type. Our results demonstrate that y4xP encodes a cysteine synthase and inactivation of this gene enhances the ability of USDA191 to form nodules on 'McCall' soybean by regulating Nops production.
Unusual Anti-allergic Diterpenoids from the Marine Sponge Hippospongia lachne (2017)

Hipposponlachnins A (1) and B (2), possessing an unprecedented tetracyclo [9.3.0.0<sup>2,8</sup>.0<sup>3,7</sup>] tetradecane ring system, and the probable biogenetic precursor [3, (1R*,2E,4R*,7E,10S*,11S*,12R*)-10, 18-diacetoxydolabella-2,7-dien-6-one] of 1‒2 were isolated from the South China Sea marine sponge Hippospongia lachne. The structures of the novel compounds were determined using integrated spectroscopic methods in combination with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1‒2 showed potent inhibitory activity on the release of β-hexosaminidase, a biomarker for degranulation, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and lipid mediator LTB<sub>4</sub> in DNP-IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells.
Cut-and-Choose Based Two-Party Computation in the Online/Offline and Batch Settings. (2014)

Protocols for secure two-party computation enable a pair of mistrusting parties to compute a joint function of their private inputs without revealing anything but the output. One of the fundamental techniques for obtaining secure computation is that of Yao’s garbled circuits. In the setting of malicious adversaries, where the corrupted party can follow any arbitrary (polynomial-time) strategy in an attempt to breach security, the cut-and-choose technique is used to ensure that the garbled circuit is constructed correctly. The cost of this technique is the construction and transmission of multiple circuits; specifically, s garbled circuits are used in order to obtain a maximum cheating probability of 2−s. In this paper, we show how to reduce the amortized cost of cut-and-choose based secure two-party computation to O s logN garbled circuits when N secure computations are run. We use this method to construct a secure protocol in the batch setting. Next, we show how the cut-
The Technological Singularity (2015)

The idea of technological singularity, and what it would mean if ordinary human intelligence were enhanced or overtaken by artificial intelligence. The idea that human history is approaching a “singularity”—that ordinary humans will someday be overtaken by artificially intelligent machines or cognitively enhanced biological intelligence, or both—has moved from the realm of science fiction to serious debate. Some singularity theorists predict that if the field of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to develop at its current dizzying rate, the singularity could come about in the middle of the present century. Murray Shanahan offers an introduction to the idea of the singularity and considers the ramifications of such a potentially seismic event. Shanahan's aim is not to make predictions but rather to investigate a range of scenarios. Whether we believe that singularity is near or far, likely or impossible, apocalypse or utopia, the very idea raises crucial philosophical and pragmatic questions, forcing us to think seriously about what we want as a species. Shanahan describes technological advances in AI, both biologically inspired and engineered from scratch. Once human-level AI—theoretically possible, but difficult to accomplish—has been achieved, he explains, the transition to superintelligent AI could be very rapid. Shanahan considers what the existence of superintelligent machines could mean for such matters as personhood, responsibility, rights, and identity. Some superhuman AI agents might be created to benefit humankind; some might go rogue. (Is Siri the template, or HAL?) The singularity presents both an existential threat to humanity and an existential opportunity for humanity to transcend its limitations. Shanahan makes it clear that we need to imagine both possibilities if we want to bring about the better outcome.
Single-shot subpixel response measurement with an aperture array pixel mask (2006)

We first point out that the subpixel response function is another kernel function in digital imaging. Then we show that the subpixel response function of CMOS imaging sensor pixels can be measured with an aperture array pixel mask in a single-shot image capture. Our technique permits high-resolution subpixel response function measurement of imaging pixels for superresolution imaging applications.
The FUIDI Herd Management Schema. (2009)

The FUIDI Herd Management Schema is an integrated set of tests and recommendations based upon Infectious Diseases Incorporated's (IDI) conceptualization of the natural history of infection due to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and related pathogenic bacteria. The intent of the sequential use of a series of tests and resultant recommendations is designed to enhance retention of productive animals in the herd while reducing the introduction of pathogenic mycobacterium into the human food chain.
Cytostatic Activity of Inorganic Heterocycles in an in vitro Screening System (1983)

Six representatives of inorganic cyclic systems (NPAz2)2 NSOX(Az = aziridino, X = F, Az, Ph) and (NPAz2)2 NPAzR [R = Az, Morph (morpholino), Pyr (pyrrolidino)] show cytostatic activity in an in vitro screening system. The technique of the in vitro screening system used is described. L5178Y and Ehrlich ascites cells are grown as suspension cultures in concave-bottomed wells in microtiter test plates using serial dilutions of the drugs in the medium. The diameter of the cell sedimentation spots, which can be compared visually is taken to determine the lowest active dose. The results of this test correspond with the cytostatic activities observed in former in vivo experiments.