gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutual design: Overhead Transmission Lines and Railroad Facilities Susceptibility Program, Phase 2: Volume 1, Railroad track interference-susceptibility tester design and testing; Volume 2, Set-up and LFETC test plan; Volume 3, Fabrication information. Final report (1995)

The sharing of corridors by electric power-transmission lines and railroad facilities results in coupling of electromagnetic energy from the power lines into nearby railroad systems. This electromagnetic coupling can induce voltage levels onto the railroad signaling system that can adversely affect the operation of these systems. The development and rapid deployment of sophisticated solid-state electronic track-signaling systems and the continued increase in demand for power will make this problem more serious, as additional joint railroad/electricutility common corridors will be needed and as power-system upgrades for existing corridors will be initiated. This three-volume report describes the development of a laboratory railroad-track simulator/interference-susceptibility tester. This simulator permits track-circuit signaling and grade-crossing systems to be tested in the laboratory to determine their susceptibility to power-line interference that is coupled to the rails for a wide range of realistic normal and abnormal signal-system operating conditions, block-length arrangements, and interference conditions. The simulator provides an accurate electrical analogue of the track system, including frequency-dependent rail skin-effect impedance, signal attenuation, and controlled-ballast variation. The simulator can be used to investigate the effects of both longitudinal and differential interference excitation of the rails.
Exploiting diversity for spoken term detection (2013)

The paper describes a state-of-the-art spoken term detection system in which significant improvements are obtained by diversifying the ASR engines used for indexing and combining the search results. First, we describe the design factors that, when varied, produce complementary STD systems and show that the performance of the combined system is 3 times better than the best individual component. Next, we describe different strategies for system combination and show that significant improvements can be achieved by normalizing the combined scores. We propose a classifier-based system combination strategy which outperforms a highly optimized baseline. The system described in this paper had the highest accuracy in the 2012 DARPA RATS evaluation.
Promoting Effect of CeO <sub>2</sub> and MgO for CO <sub>2</sub> Reforming of Methane over Ni‐ZnO Catalyst (2016)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of CeO 2 and MgO (as a promoter) on CO 2 reforming of methane or dry reforming of methane (DRM) for the production of synthesis gas. In this aspect, CeO 2 and MgO promoted Ni‐nanoparticles supported ZnO catalyst was prepared by surfactant induced hydrothermal method, using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant, morphology controlling agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as size controlling agent. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET‐Surface area, X‐ray diffraction study (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscropy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques. Highly basic nature of MgO and excellent redox properties of CeO 2 increased nickel dispersion and created strong metal‐support interaction, which effectively reduced the coke deposition on the catalyst surface. MgO promoted Ni‐ZnO catalyst showed better low temperature activity compared to CeO 2 promoted Ni‐ZnO catalyst for DRM and Ni‐MgO/ZnO catalyst also exhibited better coke resistivity, because of comparatively smaller nickel nanoparticles. Both the promoted catalysts showed more than 24 h of time on stream (TOS) stability at 800 °C without any significant deactivation of the catalysts. The catalysts produced H 2 /CO ratio 0.99 at 800 °C during the TOS.
Superconductivity in FCC Mo&lt;inf&gt;x&lt;/inf&gt;Nb&lt;inf&gt;1-x&lt;/inf&gt;(N&lt;inf&gt;y&lt;/inf&gt;C&lt;inf&gt;1-y&lt;/inf&gt;)&lt;inf&gt;z&lt;/inf&gt;thin films (1985)

In an attempt to prepare the predicted high superconducting transition temperature material MoN, films of Mo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> NB <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> (N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-y</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> where 0.93>x>0, 1.0>y>0.8, and 1.0>z>0.5, have been prepared in a UHV system by reactive rf sputtering of a split Mo-Nb target in mixtures of argon, nitrogen and cyanogen gases. These films prepared at elevated temperatures (600- 800 C) are all single phase FCC (Bl) structure with varying amounts of nitrogen deficiencies. The lattice parameter and Tc are smoothly varying functions of composition with a maximum T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> of 18 K for NbN <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</inf> T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> initially decreases with increasing Mo content reaches a minimum and begins to increase on the very Mo rich composition side where the nitrogen deficiencies in the structure are significant. Nitrogen implantation increases the lattice properties of the Nb rich samples.
Rationally Designed Small Molecules That Target Both the DNA and RNA Causing Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (2015)

Single-agent, single-target therapeutic approaches are often limited by a complex disease pathobiology. We report rationally designed, multi-target agents for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). DM1 originates in an abnormal expansion of CTG repeats (CTG(exp)) in the DMPK gene. The resultant expanded CUG transcript (CUG(exp)) identified as a toxic agent sequesters important proteins, such as muscleblind-like proteins (MBNL), undergoes repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation, and potentially causes microRNA dysregulation. We report rationally designed small molecules that target the DM1 pathobiology in vitro in three distinct ways by acting simultaneously as transcription inhibitors, by inhibiting aberrant protein binding to the toxic RNA, and by acting as RNase mimics to degrade the toxic RNA. In vitro, the agents are shown to (1) bind CTG(exp) and inhibit formation of the CUG(exp) transcript, (2) bind CUG(exp) and inhibit sequestration of MBNL1, and (3) cleave CUG(exp) in an RNase-like manner. The most potent compounds are capable of reducing the levels of CUG(exp) in DM1 model cells, and one reverses two separate CUG(exp)-induced phenotypes in a DM1 Drosophila model.
Postelectrospinning “Click” Modification of Degradable Amino Acid-Based Poly(ester urea) Nanofibers (2013)

Amino acid-based poly(ester urea)s (PEU) are emerging as a new class of degradable polymers that have shown promise in regenerative medicine applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of PEUs carrying pendent “clickable” groups on modified tyrosine amino acids. The pendent species include alkyne, azide, alkene, tyrosine–phenol, and ketone groups. PEUs with Mw exceeding to 100K Da were obtained via interfacial polycondensation methods, and the concentration of pendent groups was varied using a copolymerization strategy. The incorporation of derivatizable functionalities is demonstrated using 1H NMR and UV–vis spectroscopy methods. Electrospinning was used to fabricate PEU nanofibers with a diameters ranging from 350 to 500 nm. The nanofiber matricies possess mechanical strengths suitable for tissue engineering (Young’s modulus: 300 ± 45 MPa; tensile stress: 8.5 ± 1.2 MPa). A series of bioactive peptides and fluorescent molecules were conjugated to the surface of the nanofibers following electrospinning using bio-orthogonal reactions in aqueous media. The ability to derivatize PEUs with biological molecules using translationally relevant chemical methods will significantly expand their use in vitro and in vivo.
Efficient shot change detection on compressed video data (2002)

Video segmentation is an elementary operation for video index construction. A video sequence is usually decomposed into several basic meaningful segments. We propose a new approach to detect shot changes for video segmentation, which is based on the processing of MPEG compressed video data. This approach takes advantage of the information implied in the compressed data. The reference ratios among video frames are analyzed to determine their similarities. A shot change is detected if the similarity degrees of a frame and its adjacent frames are low. A function is used to quantize the results into the shot change probabilities. Considering the motion variations of video contents between frames, a conversion function is designed to increase the correctness of the shot change detection. The experimental results show the performance of our approach.
Iterative Forward-Backward Algorithm for Optical Diffraction Tomography (2018)

An iterative forward-backward algorithm for optical diffraction tomography is proposed for imaging phase objects with large refractive index contrast. Numerical results demonstrate accurate and robust reconstructions with sub-wavelength resolution.
Interpretation of Seasonal Climate Forecast Using Brier Skill Score, The Florida State University Superensemble, and the AMIP-I Dataset (2002)

The superensemble technique has been proven to be successful in producing a deterministic forecast superior not only to any of the individual models going into it, but also to the multimodel ensemble forecast. Research so far has been done on the superensemble as a deterministic forecast, and it has been shown that using the superensemble method leads to a significant reduction in rms errors. This paper investigates the skill of the superensemble as a probabilistic forecast, and it compares it with that of the multimodel ensemble. Using the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP I) seasonal multimodel precipitation forecasts, probability forecasts are defined for the multimodel ensemble and for the multimodel superensemble. The Brier skill score of these forecasts is calculated for different thresholds of precipitation anomaly. It is shown that both the multimodel ensemble and the superensemble probability forecasts are much better than climatological forecast and that the superensemble probability forecast outperforms the multimodel bias-removed ensemble at any threshold level.
Enhancement of antigen-specific responses following protein vaccination by Albumin- Flt3L expanded dendritic cells: Potential implications (2019)

Abstract Due to the crucial role that dendritic cells (DCs) play in uptaking antigens following vaccination and cross presenting these antigens for the activation of antigen-specific immunity, a strategy that can induce potent expansion and activation of cross-presenting DCs may serve as a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic and prophylactic vaccinations. Flt3L is a cytokine known to expand cross-presenting DCs, but is limited by its global distribution and short half-life in vivo. To overcome these shortcomings, we generated a novel immunostimulatory molecule by fusing Flt3L to Albumin; a protein known for its long half-life and trafficking to lymph nodes. Our results revealed that Albumin-Flt3L (Alb-Flt3L) retains Flt3L’s endogenous capabilities to increase total CD11c+MHCII+, CD11c+MHCII+B220+SiglecH+, and CD11c+MHCII+CD8a+ DC populations in vitro, and in vivo following a single injection, compared to Flt3L. Our data also demonstrates that following vaccination with whole Ovalbumin protein (OVA), Alb-Flt3L treated mice saw an increase in antigen-specific immunity, measured by OVA-tetramer-positive CD8+ T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ cells producing IFN-g following ex vivo restimulation, and serum OVA specific IgG2a. When vaccinated with HPV-associated antigen E7 as a long peptide that requires uptake and cross-presentation to effectively load on MHCI and subsequently activate CD8+ T cells, E7-specific T cell populations significantly increased in Alb-Flt3L treated mice compared to controls. Further investigation is underway to study the ability of Alb-Flt3L to enhance vaccination induced immune responses as well as to study the mechanism by which these phenomena occur.
Gene-enhanced tissue engineering: applications for bone healing using cultured periosteal cells transduced retrovirally with the BMP-7 gene. (1999)

Periosteum has cell populations, including osteoprogenitor and chondroprogenitor cells, that can be grown in cell culture and form both bone and cartilage under appropriate conditions. The authors have shown previously that cultured periosteal cells can be used in the tissue engineering of bone, and they demonstrated substantial bone formation in a rabbit cranial defect model. In the current study, principles of tissue engineering were combined with principles of gene therapy to produce cultured periosteal cells transduced retrovirally with the bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) gene to be used in the treatment of bone defects. Human BMP-7 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid was generated from a cell line using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and cloned into a retroviral vector plasmid. Retroviral vector particles were then used to transduce New Zealand White rabbit periosteal cells. Transduced periosteal cells demonstrated substantial production of both BMP-7 messenger ribonucleic acid by Northern blot analysis and BMP-7 protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These cells were then seeded into polyglycolic acid (PGA) matrices and used to repair critical-size rabbit cranial defects. At 12 weeks, defect sites repaired with BMP-7-transduced periosteal cells/PGA had significantly increased radiographic and histological evidence of bone repair compared with those defect sites repaired with negative control-transduced cells/PGA, nontransduced cells/PGA, PGA alone, or unrepaired defects. Thus, this study demonstrates successfully a tissue engineering approach to bone repair using genetically modified cells.
<title>Fourier-transform computer-generated hologram: a variation on the off-axis principle</title> (1994)

In this paper we present a new simple and efficient technique based on Fourier transform to generate holograms by computer. This technique does not take into account the classical techniques of phase codification. Referring to the holographic principle (off-axe holograms of Leigh & Upatniek) studied first by Burch or Huang & Prasada, a reference source has been included in the global calculation. In the second part of this paper, the production of the holograms using a commercial photographic film and a laser printer is described and experimental results are presented.
Novel Processing of 1‐3 Piezoelectric Ceramic/Polymer Composites for Transducer Applications (1995)

Piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites with 1‐3 connectivity were made by weaving sized lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fiber bundles through a honeycomb support. Bundles comprised of fine‐scale, 20‐50 μm green fibers, made using the viscous suspension spinning process, were sized to increase their manageability. The sizing step comprised of soaking the green PZT fiber bundles in an aqueous solution of poly(vinyl alcohol), then pulling the wet fibers through a steel sizing die. Sizing resulted in dense and flexible fiber bundles, which facilitated composite construction and led to composites with increased volume fractons. Sintering, polymer embedding, and machining produced a composite exhibiting 1‐3 connectivity. Composites with 10 vol% PZT yilded d 33 values of 230 pC/N and a dielectric constant of 130.
A Practical Citrate Anticoagulation Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration Protocol for Metabolic Control and High Solute Clearance (2005)

Obstacles to the widespread use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) include the need for anticoagulation, customized solutions, and complex protocols that carry an attendant risk for error, raise cost, and increase pharmacy and nursing workload. However, high solute clearance using CRRT with an effluent rate of 35 ml/kg per h has also recently been associated with improved survival in critically ill patients with acute renal failure. No published CRRT protocols using dilute regional citrate anticoagulation have achieved adequate metabolic control, effective anticoagulation, and high solute clearance in a practical, user-friendly, and economical manner. The safety and the efficacy of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration at effluent rates of 35 ml/kg per h in critically ill acute renal failure patients were evaluated prospectively using a standardized bicarbonate-based dialysate; a systemic calcium infusion; and two separate trisodium citrate replacement solutions, a 0.67% solution and a 0.5% solution. All patients achieved adequate metabolic control, the desired effluent rate of 35 ml/kg per h, and high solute clearance. Use of the 0.67% citrate replacement solution resulted in mild alkalosis, whereas the 0.5% solution maintained appropriate acid-base balance. There was no difference in dialyzer survival between the 0.67 and 0.5% citrate groups (80 versus 82%; P = 0.60, Kaplan-Meier analysis). Dilute regional citrate as part of a CRRT protocol with a standard 25-mmol/L bicarbonate dialysate provides adequate metabolic control, high diffusive and convective clearance, and excellent dialyzer patency in a practical and cost-effective manner.
Protein engineering of <i>Acidovorax facilis</i> 72W nitrilase for bioprocess development (2006)

Hydroxycarboxylic acid monomers can be used to prepare industrially important polymers. Enzymatic production of such hydroxycarboxylic acids is often preferred to chemical production since the reactions are run at ambient temperature, do not require strongly acidic or basic reaction conditions, and produce the desired product with high selectivity at high conversion. However, native enzymes often do not perform desired reactions with the efficiency required for commercial applications. Protein engineering was used to significantly increase the specific activity of nitrilase from Acidovorax facilis 72W for the conversion of 3-hydroxyvaleronitrile to 3-hydroxyvaleric acid. Overexpression of engineered nitrilase enzymes in Escherichia coli, combined with immobilization of whole cells in alginate beads that can be recycled many times has facilitated the development of a commercially viable bioprocess for production of 3-hydroxyvaleric acid.
A new approach to compensate degeneration of speech intelligibility for elderly listeners-development of a portable real time speech rate conversion system (1996)

This paper presents a portable real-time speech rate conversion system which slows the input speech rate in order to compensate for the degeneration of hearing intelligibility of elderly listeners who suffers if speech is uttered rapidly. It is increasingly necessary to provide broadcasting services taking elderly listeners' hearing ability into account. It is well known that many elderly listeners have some degree of hearing impairment, including poorer absolute thresholds of audibility, lower processing speed for identification of speech and weaker effective cognitive storage capacity. The new system is designed to compensate for such deterioration by slowing the input speech rate instead of direct processing of the related auditory functions. The portable system, which can be installed in a receiver, enables the listener to convert the speech rate directly as desired in real time with invariance in pitch as well as small impairments in quality. When watching TV, the system can synchronize the converted speech with visual images at every onset of a breath group, with temporal changes in the speech rate along a monotone decreasing curve similar to temporal changes in pitch frequency.
The Magnesium Hydride System for Heat Storage and Cooling* (1989)

A laboratory scale high temperature heat storage unit comprising a container loaded with catalytically activated magnesium hydride has been built which is interconnected to a second one filled with the commercially available alloy Code 5800. Thermodynamic analyses showed that this combination of metal hydrides can be used for the storage of high temperature heat, generation of cold and upgrading of heat. (orig.).
Green solution for tannery pollution: effect of enzyme based lime-free unhairing and fibre opening in combination with pickle-free chrome tanning (2003)

Growing global concern on environmental health is forcing all the processing industries to adopt greener and cleaner manufacturing practices. Thus, the leather industry is being pressurized to look for cleaner leather processing. The conventional method of leather making involves do–undo logic. This results in the emission of a huge amount of pollution load such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total solids (TS). Currently tanners are looking for design and utilization of cleaner and safer technologies. In this approach, a process has been designed to limit the pH range in leather processing from 13.5–2.8 to 8.0–3.8. An experimental process has been developed by combining enzymatic unhairing, enzyme based fibre opening and pickle and basification free chrome tanning. The experimental tanning process provides comparable leather quality with reduced environmental impact and effluent treatment costs. The process explored also appears to be economically viable.
Dual-directional alkyne-terminated macrocycles: Enroute to non-aggregating molecular platforms (2019)

Derivatized phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their heteroatom analogues, azaphthalocyanines (AzaPcs), bearing a variety of highly active ligands, have many advantageous properties that make them suitable as novel macrocyclic platforms.
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody Dependent on Domain 5 of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Beta Receptor Inhibits Ligand Binding and Receptor Activation (1993)

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) induces activation of the protein tyrosine kinase domain of the PDGF receptor, resulting in receptor dimerization and the initiation of mitogenesis in responsive cells. In order to identify domains of the receptor involved in these processes, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the extracellular region of the human PDGF receptor was developed and screened to identify which of these specifically block PDGF binding. One of these, MAb 2A1E2, binds PDGF beta receptor with high affinity and blocks PDGF BB binding in a whole cell binding assay with an IC 50 of 0.1 nM. Inhibition of binding results in the inhibition of ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation, dimerization and mitogenesis in cells expressing the PDGF beta receptor. MAb 2A1E2 has been mapped to the fifth Ig domain of the PDGF beta receptor, implying that this domain is important for ligand binding, dimerization and/or activation. The potency of MAb 2A1E2 for inhibiting PDGF BB binding indicates that this antibody is ideally suited to identify and characterize PDGF BB-induced biological responses.