gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure distribution in mammography: compression of breasts with malignant tumor masses (2013)

The pressure distribution over a compressed breast is in general heterogeneous. In this study we investigated the pressure distribution over compressed breasts with tumor masses. Twenty-two women either recalled for work-up of findings suspicious for breast cancer in the screening program or with clinically suspected findings were included in the study. Twenty-one lesions turned out to be malignant and one benign. The distribution of compression pressure was measured using thin FSR (Force Sensing Resistor) pressure sensors attached to the compression plate. The pressure over the breast was ascertained by acquiring an x-ray image of the compressed breast with the pressure sensors present. The pressure data and the mammogram were used to create a composite image with pressure data displayed as a color overlay. The malignant tumor area generally matched an elevated pressure area and this pressure was generally higher than the pressure over surrounding parenchyma. In 11 out of 22 (50%) subjects the maximum pressure over the breast was located over the tumor. Only 4 out of 22 (18%) masses had a lower tumor mean pressure compared to the mean pressure over the breast (including one small < 10 mm tumor and one benign structure). The results suggest that tumors are stiffer, thus, absorbing more pressure compared to the surrounding parenchyma and that this property can be quantified. Refined pressure techniques could possibly be used to demonstrate the relative elasticity distribution in breast tissue, which might provide valuable differential diagnostic information.
The yeast : a new host for heterologous protein production, secretion and for metabolic engineering applications (2003)

Molecular tools for the production of heterologous proteins and metabolic engineering applications of the non-conventional yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii were developed. The combination of Z. bailii's resistance to relatively high temperature, osmotic pressure and low pH values, with a high specific growth rate renders this yeast potentially interesting for exploitation for biotechnological purposes as well as for the understanding of the biological phenomena and mechanisms underlying the respective resistances. Looking forward to these potential applications, here we present the tools required for the production and the secretion of different heterologous proteins, and one example of a metabolic engineering application of this non-conventional yeast, employing the newly developed molecular tools.
System automation for a bacterial colony detection and identification instrument via forward scattering (2008)

A system design and automation of a microbiological instrument that locates bacterial colonies and captures the forward-scattering signatures are presented. The proposed instrument integrates three major components: a colony locator, a forward scatterometer and a motion controller. The colony locator utilizes an off-axis light source to illuminate a Petri dish and an IEEE1394 camera to capture the diffusively scattered light to provide the number of bacterial colonies and two-dimensional coordinate information of the bacterial colonies with the help of a segmentation algorithm with region-growing. Then the Petri dish is automatically aligned with the respective centroid coordinate with a trajectory optimization method, such as the Traveling Salesman Algorithm. The forward scatterometer automatically computes the scattered laser beam from a monochromatic image sensor via quadrant intensity balancing and quantitatively determines the centeredness of the forward-scattering pattern. The final scattering signatures are stored to be analyzed to provide rapid identification and classification of the bacterial samples.
Identification of Individual Exosome-Like Vesicles by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2016)

Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) are a novel class of biomarkers that are receiving a lot of attention for the detection of cancer at an early stage. In this study the feasibility of using a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based method to distinguish between ELVs derived from different cellular origins is evaluated. A gold nanoparticle based shell is deposited on the surface of ELVs derived from cancerous and healthy cells, which enhances the Raman signal while maintaining a colloidal suspension of individual vesicles. This nanocoating allows the recording of SERS spectra from single vesicles. By using partial least squares discriminant analysis on the obtained spectra, vesicles from different origin can be distinguished, even when present in the same mixture. This proof-of-concept study paves the way for noninvasive (cancer) diagnostic tools based on exosomal SERS fingerprinting in combination with multivariate statistical analysis.
Electro-optical frequency division and stable microwave synthesis (2015)

Optical frequency division and stable microwave generation is demonstrated using an electro-optical-based frequency comb created through phase modulation of two stable optical signals. The technique is simple, tunable and scalable to higher division ratios.
Anisotropic Processing of Laser Speckle Images Improves Spatiotemporal Resolution (2012)

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a full field optical imaging technique, capable of imaging blood flow without the introduction of any exogenous dyes. Spatial and temporal resolution in LSCI images depend on how pixels are chosen from the raw image stack for contrast processing. However, all processing schemes are based on isotropic treatment of the spatial neighborhood about each pixel, restricting further improvement in spatiotemporal resolution and image quality. We present a novel spatiotemporal processing scheme for LSCI where the spatial neighborhood is anisotropic, that is, restricted along a specific direction that matches direction of blood flow. The technique allows for a significant increase in temporal resolution, from conventionally used 40 or 80 frames to just three frames; while simultaneously achieving 23% and 47% higher signal-to-noise ratios over concurrent spatiotemporal schemes, when imaging rapid and slow functional changes in blood flow, respectively. We present the concept, justification, and performance evaluation of the novel scheme and demonstrate its suitability for imaging rapid changes in blood flow. Anisotropic LSCI was able to monitor the heart rate associated fluctuations in intravascular blood flow and showed them to be as high as 28% of the mean.
Machine Vision System for Automatic Online Inspection of Freshly Slaughtered Chickens (2008)

A machine vision system was developed and evaluated for the automation of online inspection to differentiate freshly slaughtered wholesome chickens from systemically diseased chickens. The system consisted of an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) camera used with an imaging spectrograph and controlled by a computer to obtain line-scan images quickly on a chicken processing line of a commercial poultry plant. The system scanned chicken carcasses on an eviscerating line operating at a speed of 140 chickens per minute. An algorithm was implemented in the system to automatically recognize individual carcasses entering and exiting the field of view, to locate the region of interest (ROI) of each chicken, to extract useful spectra from the ROI as inputs to the differentiation method, and to determine the condition for each carcass as being wholesome or systemically diseased. The system can acquire either hyperspectral or multispectral images without any cross-system calibration. The essential spectral features were selected from hyperspectral images of chicken samples. The differentiation of chickens on the processing line was then carried out using multispectral imaging. The high accuracy obtained from the evaluation results showed that the machine vision system can be applied successfully to automatic online inspection for chicken processing.
Oxygen saturation determined using a novel wavelet ratio surface (2004)

A wavelet-based method is presented for oxygen saturation measurement using photoplethysmogram signals from a standard pulse oximeter device. The transform moduli of both red and infrared signals are used to derive a novel wavelet ratio surface. Projection of the pulse component onto this surface allows optimal derivation of oxygen saturation.
Numerical Modeling of Nonlinear Interactions Between Ships and Surface Gravity Waves, Part 1: Ship Waves in Calm Water (2005)

This paper presents a pseudo-spectral model for nonlinear ship-surface wave interactions. The algorithm used in the model is a combination of spectral and boundary element methods: the boundary element method is used to translate physical quantities between the nonuniform ship surface and the regular grid of the spectral representation; the spectral method is used throughout the remainder of the fluid domain. All possible wave-wave interactions are included in the model (up to N-wave interactions for the truncation order N of the spectral expansions). This paper focuses on the mathematical theory and numerical method of the model and presents some numerical results for steady Kelvin waves in calm water. The nonlinear bow waves at high Froude numbers from the pseudo-spectral model are much closer to the experimental results than those from linear ship wave models. Our results demonstrate that the pseudo-spectral model is significantly faster than previous ship wave models: with the same resolution, the CPU time of the pseudo-spectral model is orders of magnitude less than those of previous models. Convergence speed of this model is ANLogN instead of BN2, where N is the number of unknown (note that the N for the traditional boundary element method may be significantly larger than the N for the pseudo-spectral method for the same quality solution). A and B are CPU time requirements in each time step for our model and others, respectively.
Use of tachycardia templates for recognition of recurrent monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (2003)

The authors show that the ventricular electrograms of recurrent monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) having an identical 12-lead surface configuration can be matched to a template constructed from a previous episode of the same VT. This could allow assessment of the number of times a device has delivered therapy for a known VT, in addition to the total number of therapies for cardiac rhythms that may have exceeded a rate criterion and/or morphology criterion. Templates constructed during monomorphic VT in 12 patients were examined by means of correlation waveform analysis (CWA) and area of difference (AD). With CWA the VT templates correctly discriminated 902/936 (97%) ventricular depolarizations, and AD correctly discriminated 932/936 (99%) depolarizations when the same VT was reinduced. The study used acute leads positioned during electrophysiologic study and has not been tested or validated on chronic leads. The monomorphic VT was reinduced during a single electrophysiology study. Whether changes in heart substrate or structure may cause changes in the intracardiac VT morphology over time has not been determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultrasonic Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging Sequencing and Data Processing Using a Verasonics Research Scanner (2016)

Ultrasound elasticity imaging has been developed over the last decade to estimate tissue stiffness. Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) quantifies tissue stiffness by measuring the speed of propagating shear waves following acoustic radiation force excitation. This paper presents the sequencing and data processing protocols of SWEI using a Verasonics system. The selection of the sequence parameters in a Verasonics programming script is discussed in detail. The data processing pipeline to calculate group shear wave speed (SWS), including tissue motion estimation, data filtering, and SWS estimation, is demonstrated. In addition, the procedures for calibration of beam position, scanner timing, and transducer face heating are provided to avoid SWS measurement bias and transducer damage.
Digital implementations of adaptive feedforward amplifier linearization techniques (2002)

Feedforward power amplifier linearizers using complete digital adaptive control algorithms are proposed. Two different versions, one using frequency domain cancellation and the other using a power gradient approach, are developed. Simulation results, showing carrier signal cancellation in the first loop and distortion cancellation in the second loop for both methods, are presented. This study demonstrates that digital adaptive implementation of feedforward linearization is indeed a promising approach.
A Novel Catalytic Process for Generating Hydrogen Gas from Aqueous Borohydride Solutions (2005)

A safe, simple, lightweight, and compact process generates high-purity hydrogen gas on demand from base-stabilized, aqueous solutions of sodium borohydride, NaBH4, by using a ruthenium catalyst. NaBH4 solutions can generate the equivalent of >2,500 Wh/L and >7% H2 by weight can be recovered. These inherently stable solutions do not generate significant amounts of H2 gas under ambient conditions. However, when in contact with heterogeneous Ru catalyst, NaBH4 solutions rapidly hydrolyze to form H2 gas and sodium borate, a water-soluble, inert salt. H2 generation only occurs when NaBH4 solutions are in contact with Ru catalyst. When Ru catalyst is removed from NaBH4 solution (or NaBH4 solution is separated from Ru catalyst), H2 generation stops. This H2 generator promises to be safer, have quicker response to H2 demand, have a greater H2 storage efficiency, and be more easily controllable than current H2 storage devices/generators. It can be easily incorporated into any system where H2 gas is required, such as powering internal combustion engines or fuel cells.
Security of Copy-Control Watermarks (2007)

Digital watermarks are typically used in copy-control applications to communicate copy management information across analog interfaces. Alternatively they are used across unencrypted digital interfaces or for non-credentialed encryption systems. Compliant devices extract copy management information and prevent illicit use of copyrighted content. Attacker may try to remove watermarks, distort them beyond recognition or bypass extractor. Security challenges are so big that some researches believe that it is naïve to relay on copy-control watermarks. In this paper we will show how to improve security of watermarking system and make attacks unreliable, attacked content unappealing, and/or attack procedure too burdensome for typical consumer. First we will review our experience with audio watermarks for DVD-Audio and Secure Digital Music Initiative (SDMI) architectures. Next we will consider major attack classes, such as circumvention attacks, blind attacks, and informed attacks. Then we will propose a number of security enhancement measures. One technique is based on uncoordinated selection of hiding places between embedders and extractors, with statistical analysis of expected matches. This approach reduces the repeatability of attacks and opens up the possibility of system renewal. Other security measures are based on weak watermark detections, time diversity extraction, weight accumulation, soft decision decoding, and extraction expansion or focusing. Finally, we propose methods to conceal watermark presence, location and properties using random embedding, extraction and reporting, and random host signal modification techniques designed to counter differential analysis or scrambling attacks.
Attenuation effects in gamma-camera coincidence imaging (1998)

Images produced by gamma camera coincidence (GCC) techniques have a much lower count-density than those produced by dedicated PET scanners. The authors examine the effects of attenuation and attenuation correction on GCC images using gamma-camera emission data and PET emission and transmission data from phantom and human studies. The effects studied include contrast, noise, and general image quality. Results show that lung lesion contrast is improved but the signal-to-noise ratio is slightly degraded by the application of attenuation correction. Additionally, the corrected images do not contain the distortions of the uncorrected images and they more accurately show the activity distribution of the imaged object. The noise studies suggest that statistically appropriate transmission data for implementing an attenuation correction can be acquired in a small fraction of the time used for an emission scan.
System Measures Thermal Noise In A Microphone (1994)

Vacuum provides acoustic isolation from environment. System for measuring thermal noise of microphone and its preamplifier eliminates some sources of error found in older systems. Includes isolation vessel and exterior suspension, acting together, enables measurement of thermal noise under realistic conditions while providing superior vibrational and accoustical isolation. System yields more accurate measurements of thermal noise.
Measurement of Renal Extraction Fraction with Contrast-enhanced CT (2005)

Study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed patient consent was waived. A method for minimization of sources of variability in measuring single-kidney extraction fraction (EF) was determined retrospectively with contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Ten adults underwent CT of the kidneys; precontrast scans were obtained, followed by postcontrast scanning 2 minutes after contrast material injection. Single-kidney EF was then calculated for each patient with the formula EF = (CT(A) - CT(V))/(CT(A) - CT(PRE)), where CT(A) and CT(V) are the postcontrast CT values (in Hounsfield units) of the systemic blood and renal venous blood, respectively, and CT(PRE) is the precontrast CT value of the blood. Both conventional two-dimensional and volumetric three-dimensional regions of interest were used for determining mean CT values of the blood. By using the volumetric regions of interest, left and right renal EF values averaged 17.3% and 18.0%, respectively, for two observers, compared with the accepted value of 15%-20%. This latter technique also minimized right-left kidney and interobserver variability in the measurement of EF.
A 3-D Rotation-Based Through-Silicon via Redundancy Architecture for Clustering Faults (2019)

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3-D ICs), which feature many benefits, such as high bandwidth and a high degree of integration, have recently received considerable attention from the semiconductor industry. However, these chips feature through-silicon vias (TSVs), which vertically connect multiple dies, and these TSVs may fail, resulting in a decreased yield. Unfortunately, previously proposed methods to repair TSVs cannot handle certain failure patterns. For example, existing techniques cannot repair clustered TSV faults, which commonly occur in practice. Furthermore, the number of signal TSVs typically determines the number of redundant TSVs, which may result in wasteful and redundant TSVs. In this paper, a new TSV repair scheme is proposed that replaces defective TSVs with redundant TSVs by utilizing the architecture of a cube, which can replace any face with any of the other faces. Both signal TSVs and redundant TSVs are placed in the face of cube, so any faulted TSVs can be replaced with redundant TSVs. The experimental results indicate that the new method guarantees 100% coverage with any number of signal TSVs and redundant TSVs.
Image data hiding (2005)

Image data hiding represents a class of processes used to embed data into cover images. Robustness is one of the basic requirements for image data hiding. In the first part of this dissertation, 2D and 3D interleaving techniques associated with error-correction-code (ECC) are proposed to significantly improve the robustness of hidden data against burst errors. 
In most cases, the cover image cannot be inverted back to the original image after the hidden data are retrieved. In this dissertation, one novel reversible (lossless) data hiding technique is then introduced. This technique is based on the histogram modification, which can embed a large amount of data while keeping a very high visual quality for all images. The performance is hence better than most existing reversible data hiding algorithms. 
However, most of the existing lossless data hiding algorithms are fragile in the sense that the hidden data cannot be extracted correctly after compression or small alteration. In the last part of this dissertation, we then propose a novel robust lossless data hiding technique based on patchwork idea and spatial domain pixel modification. This technique does not generate annoying salt-pepper noise at all, which is unavoidable in the other existing robust lossless data hiding algorithm. This technique has been successfully applied to many commonly used images, thus demonstrating its generality.
An Additional Form of Rat Bcl-x, Bcl-xβ, Generated by an Unspliced RNA, Promotes Apoptosis in Promyeloid Cells (1996)

The bcl-2 oncogene product delays apoptotic cell death and prolongs the cell survival. We cloned two bcl-2-related cDNAs from a rat thymus cDNA library by low stringency hybridization with a rat bcl-2 fragment as a probe. One of these, designated bcl-xalpha, was a counterpart of the human bcl-xL reported previously as a bcl-2-related gene (Boise, L. H., Gonzalez-Garcia, M., Postema, C. E. , Ding, L., Lindsten, T., Turka, L. A., Mao, M., Nunez, G., and Thompson, C. B. (1993) Cell 74, 597-608). The other, designated bcl-xbeta, was novel and found to be generated by an unspliced mRNA, whereas bcl-xalpha was generated from a spliced transcript. The splice junction exactly corresponded to that found in the bcl-2 gene. bcl-xbeta was specifically expressed in cerebellum, heart, and thymus. When bcl-xbeta directed by a strong promoter was introduced into an interleukin-3-dependent promyeloid cell line, FDC-P1, DNA fragmentation was observed even in the growing state in the presence of interleukin-3 although not in the control transfectants. This finding suggests that the rat bcl-xbeta gene product promotes apoptosis in the promyeloid cells.
Design of a Tunable Broadband Conjugated-Polymer Laser in Solution (2014)

In this work, we had shown that the conjugated-polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) in benzene can produce amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with tunablity more than 100 nm from 410nm to 510 nm. And then we had shown that the conjugated polymer poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) in benzene could produce ASE and lasing from 550 to 650 nm. Finally, we added appropriate molar concentration of these conjugated polymers in benzene to form a solution which has highest optical gain for each conjugated polymer individually. The results showed that these conjugated polymers could lase individually as well as by an energy transfer process from one conjugated polymer to another in tandem.
Compact, rapid cell deformability measurements using diode laser bar optical trapping in microfluidics (2008)

We present a simple, compact, microfluidic system that easily facilitates diode laser bar optical trapping for cell stretching measurements and particle sorting within flowing microfluidic systems for the first time.