gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of IRF5 hyperactivation protects from lupus onset and severity (2020)

The transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a central mediator of innate and adaptive immunity. Genetic variations within IRF5 are associated with a risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and mice lacking Irf5 are protected from lupus onset and severity, but how IRF5 functions in the context of SLE disease progression remains unclear. Using the NZB/W F1 model of murine lupus, we show that murine IRF5 becomes hyperactivated before clinical onset. In patients with SLE, IRF5 hyperactivation correlated with dsDNA titers. To test whether IRF5 hyperactivation is a targetable function, we developed inhibitors that are cell permeable, nontoxic, and selectively bind to the inactive IRF5 monomer. Preclinical treatment of NZB/W F1 mice with an inhibitor attenuated lupus pathology by reducing serum antinuclear autoantibodies, dsDNA titers, and the number of circulating plasma cells, which alleviated kidney pathology and improved survival. Clinical treatment of MRL/lpr and pristane-induced lupus mice with an inhibitor led to significant reductions in dsDNA levels and improved survival. In ex vivo human studies, the inhibitor blocked SLE serum-induced IRF5 activation and reversed basal IRF5 hyperactivation in SLE immune cells. We believe this study provides the first in vivo clinical support for treating patients with SLE with an IRF5 inhibitor.
Holographic characterization of colloidal particles in turbid media (2017)

Holographic particle characterization uses in-line holographic microscopy and the Lorenz-Mie theory of light scattering to measure the diameter and the refractive index of individual colloidal particles in their native dispersions. This wealth of information has proved invaluable in fields as diverse as soft-matter physics, biopharmaceuticals, wastewater management, and food science but so far has been available only for dispersions in transparent media. Here, we demonstrate that holographic characterization can yield precise and accurate results even when the particles of interest are dispersed in turbid media. By elucidating how multiple light scattering contributes to image formation in holographic microscopy, we establish the range conditions under which holographic characterization can reliably probe turbid samples. We validate the technique with measurements on model colloidal spheres dispersed in commercial nanoparticle slurries.
High resolution profiling of human exon methylation by liquid hybridization capture-based bisulfite sequencing (2011)

In the present study, we employed a liquid hybridisation capture system to enrich for exon regions and then combined with bisulfite sequencing to examine the methylation statuses for the first time. This technique is highly sensitive and flexible and can be applied to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at specific genomic locations of interest, such as regulatory elements or promoters.
Hot-Pressed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiC Whisker/TiC Nano-Composites (1992)

The influence of addition of fine TiC particles on the mechanical properties of Al2O3 matrix composites with 20wt% SiC whisker fabricated by hot-pressing was studied. With increasing TiC content up to 4wt%, the flexural strength and the fracture toughness at room temperature increased. The maximum values of 1200MPa and 7.5MPa⋅m1/2, respectively, were obtained at a TiC content of 4wt%. Transmission electron microscopic observations indicated that the TiC particles were dispersed not only at the grain boundaries but also within Al2O3 grains, and SiC whiskers were located at the grain boundaries. SEM observations showed that the abnormal grain growth of Al2O3 was inhibited by TiC particles.
Automatic Mismatch Correction and Motion Compensation for Free-breathing PET/CT (2018)

In normal free-breathing PET/CT imaging protocol, a single CT image of the patient is obtained before the PET scan, which is inadequate for attenuation correction of the free-breathing PET data. The aim of this study is to design an automatic workflow to correct mismatch and reduce motion blurring of free-breathing PET and single-scan CT data. First, the PET data was divided into four equal-count respiratory frames using data-driven respiratory gating method. Modified attenuation map was used in during reconstruction to obtain mismatch-free gated PET images. Second, the respiratory phase of the original CT image was identified automatically using mutual information (MI) as the similarity metric. Two regions of interests (ROIs) near the lungs were segmented from CT image. The mutual information (MI) inside the ROIs of each gated PET reconstruction and the CT image was measured for all gates and the phase with highest MI value is identified as the correct respiratory phase of CT image. Third, using the respiratory phase of the CT image as the reference gate, MVFs from every other gate to the reference gate was estimated using a B-spline based multi-resolution image registration algorithm. Fourth, the original CT image with identified respiratory phase was transformed to every other frame using estimated MVFs to obtain attenuation maps for all respiratory frames. Finally, image reconstruction of gated PET data was repeated using phase-matched gated PET-CT data pairs. MVFs estimated in step 3 were applied to this set of gated PET images to obtain motion compensated PET image. This method was applied to clinical datasets using both F18-FDG and Ga68 -DOTA-NOC tracer. The proposed method successfully identified the respiratory phase of the CT image and generated phase-matched CT images for all respiratory phases of PET data. Final reconstructed PET data using the proposed method showed much-reduced mismatch artifacts and motion blurring, as well as improved statistics.
Viterbi Algorithm for multi-pattern joint decoding (2009)

Multi pattern Viterbi algorithm (MPVA) to jointly decode and recognize multiple speech patterns for automatic speech recognition (ASR) is proposed. The MPVA is a generalization of the Viterbi algorithm (VA) to jointly decode multiple patterns for a given standard hidden Markov model (HMM). Unlike our previously proposed constrained multi pattern Viterbi algorithm (CMPVA), the MPVA does not require the multi pattern dynamic time warping (MPDTW) algorithm. The new algorithm has the advantage that it can be extended to connected word recognition (CWR) and continuous speech recognition (CSR) problems. It also gives an improved speech recognition performance over the earlier techniques. Using only two repetitions of noisy speech patterns (-5 dB SNR, 10% burst noise), the word error rate using the proposed MPVA decreases by 28.5 percent, when compared to using individual decoding.
Design and preparation of new palladium precatalysts for C–C and C–N cross-coupling reactions (2012)

A series of easily prepared, phosphine-ligated palladium precatalysts based on the 2-aminobiphenyl scaffold have been prepared. The role of the precatalyst-associated labile halide (or pseudohalide) in the formation and stability of the palladacycle has been examined. It was found that replacing the chloride in the previous version of the precatalyst with a mesylate leads to a new class of precatalysts with improved solution stability and that are readily prepared from a wider range of phosphine ligands. The differences between the previous version of precatalyst and that reported here are explored. In addition, the reactivity of the latter is examined in a range of C-C and C-N bond forming reactions.
Self-Referenced Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Protocol (2015)

Quantum technology that enables two distant parties to securely communicate is of great interest in cryptography. New research shows how implementations of quantum key distribution can be significantly simplified by not co-transmitting a local oscillator reference between the two communicating parties.
Predictive-Transform Source Coding With Subbands (2006)

Minimum mean squared error (MMSE) predictive-transform (PT) source coding is integrated with subband compression to further improve the performance of low bit rate MMSE PT source coders. A desirable byproduct of the advanced scheme is that the incorporation of joint optimum prediction and transformation from subband to subband is ideally suited to its integration with JPEG2000 to yield even higher compression levels while producing an outstanding objective as well as subjective visual performance.
Autoantibodies to platelet glycoproteins in patients with disease‐related immune thrombocytopenia (1989)

Although increased platelet destruction and elevated platelet-associated IgG have been shown in patients with lymphomas and various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there have been few studies evaluating autoantibodies against platelet-specific antigens. We evaluated 24 patients retrospectively with disease-related thrombocytopenia (12 with lymphoproliferative diseases and 12 with various autoimmune disorders) using a recently reported antigen-specific assay. Autoantibodies against platelet GPIIb/IIIa or GPIb/IX were noted in 15 of the 24 patients (10 of 12 with autoimmune disease and five of 12 with lymphoproliferative disorders). Platelet-associated autoantibodies were present in 60% and plasma autoantibodies in 33%. Anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies were much more common than those against GPIb/IX. In one patient each with thrombocytopenia and either SLE or myasthenia gravis, absorption of plasma with platelets completely removed the anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies, but did not affect the level of anti-cochlear autoantibody involved with immune-mediated hearing loss in the SLE patient or the anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibody in the myasthenic patient. These findings show that, in some cases of disease-related immune thrombocytopenia, autoantibodies against GPIIb/IIIa or GPIb/IX can be detected similar to those seen in chronic ITP. As shown in two patients with multiple autoimmune manifestations, the various autoantibodies have diverse specificities and do not crossreact.
<title>Real-time detection of human faces in uncontrolled environments</title> (1997)

This paper presents an approach for the detection of human face and eyes in real time and in uncontrolled environments. The system has been implemented on a PC platform with the aid of simple commercial devices such as an NTSC video camera and a monochrome frame grabber. The approach is based on a probabilistic framework that uses a deformable template model to describe the human face. The systems has been tested on both head-and-shoulder sequences as well as complex scenes with multiple people and random motion. The system is able to locate the eyes from different head poses. The information provided by the location of the eyes is used to extract faces with frontal pose from a video sequence. The extracted frontal frames can be passed to recognition and classification systems for further processing.
New Possibilities in Sound Analysis and Synthesis (1995)

In this presentation we exemplify the emergence of new possibilities in sound analysis and synthesis with three novel developments that have been done in the Analysis/Synthesis team at IRCAM. These examples address three main activities in our domain, and have reached a large public making or simply listening to music. The first example concerns synthesis using physical models. We have determined the behavior of a class of models, in terms of stability, oscillation, periodicity, and finally chaos, leading to a better control of these models in truly innovative musical applications. The second example concerns additive synthesis essentially based on the analysis of natural sounds. We have developed a new additive method based on spectral envelopes and inverse Fast Fourier Transform, which we name FFT -1 and which provides a solution to the different difficulties of the classical method. Commercial applications are announced for this year, for professional users and soon for a larger pub...
Social Incentive Optimization in Online Social Networks (2017)

Most online social networks provide a mechanism for users to broadcast messages to their personalized network through actions like shares, likes and tweets. Receiving positive feedback from the network such as likes, comments and retweets in response to such actions can provide a strong incentive for users to broadcast more often in the future. We call such feedback by the network, that influences a user to perform certain desirable future actions, social incentives. For example, after a user shares an article to her social network, receiving positive feedback such as a ''like'' from a friend can potentially encourage her to continue sharing more regularly. Typically, for every user's visit to an online social network site, good messages need to be ranked and selected by a recommender system from a large set of candidate messages (broadcasted by the user's network). In this paper, we propose a novel recommendation problem: How should we recommend messages to users to incentivize neighbors in their personal network to perform desirable actions in the future with high likelihood, without significantly hurting overall engagement for the entire system? For instance, messages could be content shared by neighbors. The goal in this case would be to encourage more content shares in the future. We call this problem social incentive optimization and study an instance of it for LinkedIn's news feed. We observe that a user who receives positive social feedback from neighbors has a higher likelihood of broadcasting more frequently. Using this observation, we develop a novel recommendation framework that incentivize users to broadcast more often, without significantly hurting overall feed engagement. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through causal analysis on retrospective data and online A/B experiments.
Miniature spectrometer and multispectral imager as a potential diagnostic aid in dermatology (1995)

A miniature spectrometer system has been constructed for both reflectance and autofluorescence spectral measurements of skin. The system is based on PC plug-in spectrometer, therefore, it is miniature and easy to operate. The spectrometer has been used clinically to collect spectral data from various skin lesions including skin cancer. To date, 48 patients with a total of 71 diseased skin sites have been measured. Analysis of these preliminary data suggests that unique spectral characteristics exist for certain types of skin lesions, i.e. seborrheic keratosis, psoriasis, etc.. These spectral characteristics will help the differential diagnosis in Dermatology practice. In conjunction with the spectral point measurements, we are building and testing a multispectral imaging system to measure the spatial distribution of skin reflectance and autofluorescence. Preliminary results indicate that a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has a weak autofluorescence signal at the edge of the lesion, but a higher autofluorescence signal in the central area.
Design trade-offs for search engine caching (2008)

In this article we study the trade-offs in designing efficient caching systems for Web search engines. We explore the impact of different approaches, such as static vs. dynamic caching, and caching query results vs. caching posting lists. Using a query log spanning a whole year, we explore the limitations of caching and we demonstrate that caching posting lists can achieve higher hit rates than caching query answers. We propose a new algorithm for static caching of posting lists, which outperforms previous methods. We also study the problem of finding the optimal way to split the static cache between answers and posting lists. Finally, we measure how the changes in the query log influence the effectiveness of static caching, given our observation that the distribution of the queries changes slowly over time. Our results and observations are applicable to different levels of the data-access hierarchy, for instance, for a memory/disk layer or a broker/remote server layer.
Revisiting print-attribute optimization: a direct pattern generation approach (2020)

The properties of prints are not fully determined by the materials they are composed of and the method that was used to compose them. These merely set limits to what a print's properties, such as its colors, sharpness, smoothness, color inconstancy and level of ink use, will be and it is the role of a printing system's imaging pipeline to select a particular combination. Conventionally such choices are implicit in how resources for a pipeline are built and can be improved with experience and trial an error. Performance can be improved though by optimizing for specific attributes, as was previously shown for color consistency, ink use and grain among others. A key constraint that remains here is that optimization is performed on the basis of sampling and search strategies, which have inherent limitations. This paper presents a direct, analytical approach to optimization that hinges on the insight that it can be performed in a convex space even when the properties involved in the optimization do not relate to each other in a convex way. The result both improves performance versus previous methods and does so in considerably less time.
Projected Augmented Reality with the RoomAlive Toolkit (2016)

The RoomAlive Toolkit is an open source SDK that enables developers to create interactive projection mapping applications. The toolkit focuses on calibrating a network of multiple Kinect sensors and video projectors. It also provides a simple projection mapping sample that can be used as a basis to develop new immersive augmented reality experiences similar to those of the IllumiRoom [2] and RoomAlive [3] research projects. In this tutorial we will describe the RoomAlive Toolkit in detail, demonstrate its basic use and discuss integration with Unity3D.
High-Efficiency Low-Crosstalk 1310-nm Polarization Splitter and Rotator (2014)

We demonstrate the first example of a polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) at 1310 nm built on a silicon-on-insulator platform using 248-nm deep-ultraviolet lithography. The PSR is constructed with a directional coupler, a bilevel taper-based TM0-to-TE1 mode converter, and an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder-based TE1-to-TE0 mode converter. A worst-case TM0-to-TE0 mode-conversion loss of 2 dB, with polarization crosstalk lower than -20 dB over a wide bandwidth of 40 nm is experimentally demonstrated. The worst-case polarization-dependent loss is 0.76 dB.
Pelletization of Immobilized Amine Carbon Dioxide Sorbents with Fly Ash and Poly(vinyl chloride) (2016)

Abstract A combination of coal fly ash (FA) and a polymer binder, namely, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), was used to pelletize immobilized amine CO 2 sorbents. The pelletization of mixtures of FA and 50 wt % tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) or ethylenimine oligomer mixture ( M w =423)/silica (EI 423 ‐S) with PVC created a rigid PVC/FA/sorbent network. The strength of the network was attributed, in part, to the hydrogen bonding of PVC with the hydroxy and amine groups of the FA and sorbent (infrared spectroscopy). Increasing the PVC molecular weight or FA content enhanced the pellet strength and reduced CO 2 capture. The optimum pellet, FA/EI 423 ‐S (20/80)_PVC 62 [10 wt % PVC 62 ( M w =62 000), 17 wt % FA], captured 1.33 mmol g −1 and exhibited a crush strength of 1.42 MPa. The reaction between PVC and amines produced ammonium ions (−NH 3 + /−NH 2 + ), which reduced the CO 2 captured by the pellet during stability testing. This issue was partially resolved by replacing PVC 62 with p ‐phenylenediamine‐modified PVC 62 , which also enhanced the pellet CO 2 capture to 1.5 mmol g −1 .
Validating the distribution of specific ventilation in healthy humans measured using proton MR imaging (2014)

Specific ventilation imaging (SVI) uses proton MRI to quantitatively map the distribution of specific ventilation (SV) in the human lung, using inhaled oxygen as a contrast agent. To validate this recent technique, we compared the quantitative measures of heterogeneity of the SV distribution in a 15-mm sagittal slice of lung obtained in 10 healthy supine subjects, (age 37 ± 10 yr, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 97 ± 7% predicted) using SVI to those obtained in the whole lung from multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBW). Using the analysis of Lewis et al. (Lewis SM, Evans JW, Jalowayski AA. J App Physiol 44: 416-423, 1978), the most likely distribution of SV from the MBW data was computed and compared with the distribution of SV obtained from SVI, after normalizing for the difference in tidal volume. The average SV was 0.30 ± 0.10 MBW, compared with 0.36 ± 0.10 SVI (P = 0.01). The width of the distribution, a measure of the heterogeneity, obtained using both methods was comparable: 0.51 ± 0.06 and 0.47 ± 0.08 in MBW and SVI, respectively (P = 0.15). The MBW estimated width of the SV distribution was 0.05 (10.7%) higher than that estimated using SVI, and smaller than the intertest variability of the MBW estimation [inter-MBW (SD) for the width of the SV distribution was 0.08 (15.8)%]. To assess reliability, SVI was performed twice on 13 subjects showing small differences between measurements of SV heterogeneity (typical error 0.05, 12%). In conclusion, quantitative estimations of SV heterogeneity from SVI are reliable and similar to those obtained using MBW, with SVI providing spatial information that is absent in MBW.
A Brief Overview of Non-Arsenical Wood Preservative Systems (2003)

The principal U.S. wood preservative is currently chromated copper arsenate (CCA). However, the three CCA suppliers in the U.S. and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have agreed to restrict CCA-treated wood to industrial use by 2004. This chapter briefly reviews non-arsenical wood preservative and/or treatment systems which are commercial in the U.S. and/or other countries or may be in the process of being evaluated as viable candidates.