gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress on optical amplifiers for 1.3 µm (1992)

Optical amplifiers for use in fiber communications systems have been a reality for some years now. However, the inherent linearity, low crosstalk, low noise, high efficiency, polarization insensitivity, and low insertion and coupling losses of the erbium-doped silica fiber amplifier (EDFA) has made this the favored device for 1.55-µm telecommunications. Indeed, the use of optical amplifiers in the 1.3-µm window has been to some extent bypassed by the success of the EDFA for 1.55 µm. Despite the development of multiquantum well (MQW) semiconductor amplifiers giving high gain and low polarization sensitivity at 1.3 µm, the nonlinearity and crosstalk performance have ruled out their widespread use for multichannel telecommunications. In addition, the relative pump inefficiency of Raman amplifiers has precluded their widespread acceptance as communications amplifiers. The question of whether an equivalent of the EDFA for 1.3 µm exists still remains; this paper explores that question.
A cryptographic algorithm based on Linear Feedback Shift Register (2010)

With the develop of network security, problems in traditional security encryption mode have appeared, such as low security and flexibility, and high overhead. This paper presents a new security encryption model based on improved LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register), which combines the high flexibility and low cost of the shift register and the characteristics of the high-speed and reconfigurable performance of FPGA, thereby allowing the system to achieve the purpose of low-cost, real-time allocation algorithm and reorganization of security policy document. This paper elaborates on the model of improved linear feedback shift register encryption algorithm encryption theory, and then introduced the FPGA algorithms and Reconstructable technologies. Finally, with the diagram analysis about the encryption and the valuation of total function, it has been proved that the arithmetic has good cost advantage and reconfigure ability is assured.
Laforin, a Dual Specificity Phosphatase That Dephosphorylates Complex Carbohydrates (2006)

Laforin is the only phosphatase in the animal kingdom that contains a carbohydrate-binding module. Mutations in the gene encoding laforin result in Lafora disease, a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder, which is diagnosed by the presence of intracellular deposits of insoluble complex carbohydrates known as Lafora bodies. We demonstrate that laforin interacts with proteins known to be involved in glycogen metabolism and rule out several of these proteins as potential substrates. Surprisingly, we find that laforin displays robust phosphatase activity against a phosphorylated complex carbohydrate. Furthermore, this activity is unique to laforin, since several other phosphatases are unable to dephosphorylate polysaccharides. Finally, fusing the carbohydrate-binding module of laforin to the dual specific phosphatase VHR does not result in the ability of this phosphatase to dephosphorylate polysaccharides. Therefore, we hypothesize that laforin is unique in its ability to utilize a phosphorylated complex carbohydrate as a substrate and that this function may be necessary for the maintenance of normal cellular glycogen.
《猩球崛起2》——猩猩与“裸猿” (2014)

在2011年上映的《猩球崛起》，讲述了一个实验室里的猩猩获得人类智慧，奋起拯救同类，和人类对立战斗的故事，2014年，它的续集《猩球崛起2——黎明之战》热映，延续了第一集的故事，已经拥有智慧的猩猩群体建造了自己的聚居地，而此时由于病毒泛滥，人类落到了颇为窘迫悲惨的境地、青年科学家为了人类的生存，试图说服人类领袖与猩猩群体和平共处，握手言和。
Displacement Sensing With Silicon Flexures in MEMS Nanopositioners (2014)

We report a novel piezoresistive microelectromechanical system (MEMS) differential displacement sensing technique with a minimal footprint realized through a standard MEMS fabrication process, whereby no additional doping is required to build the piezoresistors. The design is based on configuring a pair of suspension beams attached to a movable stage so that they experience opposite axial forces when the stage moves. The resulting difference between the beam resistances is transduced into a sensor output voltage using a halfbridge readout circuit and differential amplifier. Compared with a single piezoresistive flexure sensor, the design approximately achieves 2, 22, and 200 times improvement in sensitivity, linearity, and resolution, respectively, with 1.5-nm resolution over a large travel range exceeding 12 μm.
Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum). (2000)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the most economically significant mycoplasma pathogen of poultry, and has a world-wide distribution. In common with other mycoplasmas, M. gallisepticum is minute in size with minimal genetic information and with a total lack of a bacterial cell wall. These properties are reflected in a high degree of interdependence between M. gallisepticum and the host animal, and in the fastidious nature of the organism in vitro. Strains of M. gallisepticum differ markedly with respect to important biological properties such as pathogenicity, infectivity, tissue tropism and transmissibility. In addition, phenotypic variation of major surface antigens occurs at high frequency, which is a probable explanation for chronic infection by M. gallisepticum despite a strong immune response. Infection with M. gallisepticum has a wide variety of clinical manifestations, but even in the absence of overt clinical signs, the economic impact may be significant. The most dramatic disease presentation of M. gallisepticum is chronic respiratory disease in meat-type birds, often as one of several aetiological agents in a multi-factorial disease complex. Transmission of M. gallisepticum in ovo from infected breeder birds to progeny is the major route of dissemination of the infection, and is the prime consideration for international trade. In most countries, control programmes for M. gallisepticum are based on maintaining commercial breeding stock free of infection. In instances where control of M. gallisepticum infection is not feasible, vaccination, especially with newly developed live M. gallisepticum vaccines, is being evaluated as an option. Major advances in diagnostic methods have been made in recent years. Control programmes have been based on serological methods, with screening for infection usually accomplished by the slide plate agglutination (SPA) test or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further serological testing and/or demonstration of the presence of the organism must be used to confirm SPA suspected positive tests. In principle, detection of the presence of the M. gallisepticum organism can be by isolation of the organism or detection of the deoxyribonucleic acid by molecular methods. Polymerase chain reaction represents a rapid and sensitive alternative to traditional culture methods, which require time-consuming specialised techniques. The development of molecular typing methods affords new opportunities for epidemiological studies and identification of reservoirs of infection.
Adaptive Performance Compensation With In-Situ Timing Error Predictive Sensors for Subthreshold Circuits (2011)

We present an adaptive technique for compensating manufacturing and environmental variability in subthreshold circuits using “canary flip-flop (FF),” which can predict timing errors. A 32-bit Kogge-Stone adder whose performance was controlled by body-biasing was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the adaptive control can compensate process, supply voltage, and temperature variations and improve the energy efficiency of subthreshold circuits by up to 46% compared to worst-case design and operation with guardbanding. We also discuss how to determine design parameters, such as the inserted location and the buffer delay of the canary FF, supposing two approaches: configuration in the design phase and post-silicon tuning.
Tissue differentiation by means of high resolution optical emission spectroscopy during electrosurgical intervention (2016)

Electrosurgery is the use of radio-frequency electric current for the cutting of biological tissue e.g. for resection of tumour tissue. In this work, the optical emission of plasma being generated during the electrosurgical procedure is investigated with a high resolution echelle spectrometer to find differences between tumour tissue and normal renal tissue in a pre-clinical ex vivo study. Trace elements like zinc, iron, copper and cadmium are present in the tissue spectra as well as the electrolytes magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium and some diatomic molecules such as hydroxyl radical, cyano radical, dicarbon, nitrogen monohydride and molecular nitrogen which are mainly dissociated from polyatomic molecules. With the atomic emission line of cadmium at 228.8 nm the treated tissue can be differentiated in tumorous and healthy tissue with correct assignment of 95% for tumour tissue and 92% for normal renal tissue.
Optimizing Biofuel Cell Performance Using a Targeted Mixed Mediator Combination (2006)

Abstract A study of how mediators might interact with the catabolic pathways of yeast was undertaken with a view towards improving the performance of microbial fuel cells. This work suggests that no single mediator is ideally suited to the task, and that a carefully selected mixture of two targeted mediators (Methylene Blue and Neutral Red) might be optimal. To test this hypothesis a yeast‐catalyzed microbial fuel cell was built and empirically evaluated under different mediation conditions. The results clearly show that a judicious mix of the two mediators can indeed achieve significantly superior performance, in terms of power‐density, than when either mediator is used singly at the same overall concentration.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Sequential Warning Lights in Nighttime Work Zone Tapers (2011)

Improving safety at nighttime work zones is important because of the extra visibility concerns. The deployment of sequential lights is an innovative method for improving driver recognition of lane closures and work zone tapers. Sequential lights are wireless warning lights that flash in a sequence to clearly delineate the taper at work zones. The effectiveness of sequential lights was investigated using controlled field studies. Traffic parameters were collected at the same field site with and without the deployment of sequential lights. Three surrogate performance measures were used to determine the impact of sequential lights on safety. These measures were the speeds of approaching vehicles, the number of late taper merges and the locations where vehicles merged into open lane from the closed lane. In addition, an economic analysis was conducted to monetize the benefits and costs of deploying sequential lights at nighttime work zones. The results of this study indicates that sequential warning lights had a net positive effect in reducing the speeds of approaching vehicles, enhancing driver compliance, and preventing passenger cars, trucks and vehicles at rural work zones from late taper merges. Statistically significant decreases of 2.21 mph mean speed and 1 mph 85% speed resulted with sequential lights. The shift in the cumulative speed distributions to the left (i.e. speed decrease) was also found to be statistically significant using the Mann-Whitney and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. But a statistically significant increase of 0.91 mph in the speed standard deviation also resulted with sequential lights. With sequential lights, the percentage of vehicles that merged earlier increased from 53.49% to 65.36%. A benefit-cost ratio of around 5 or 10 resulted from this analysis of Missouri nighttime work zones and historical crash data. The two different benefit-cost ratios reflect two different ways of computing labor costs.
Anthrax lethal factor cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKS and induces tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation of MAPKS in cultured macrophages (1999)

The lethal toxin (LeTx) of Bacillus anthracis is the major virulence factor responsible for the death of infected animals and for cytolysis of cultured macrophages. Its catalytic component, LF, contains the characteristic zinc-binding motif of metalloproteases, it binds zinc and indirect evidence suggests that this hydrolytic activity is essential for LeTx cytotoxicity (Limpel et al. 1994; Kochi et al. 1994). To identify substrates of LF, we have used the yeast two-hybrid system, employing an LF inactive mutant as bait. This approach has led to the identification of the MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) Mek1 and Mek2 as proteins capable of specific interaction with LF. LF cleaves Mek1 and Mek2 within their N-terminus in vitro and in vivo, hydrolysing a Pro8-Ile9 and a Pro10-Arg11 peptide bond in Mek1 and Mek2, respectively (Vitale et al. 1998), similarly to that found with a different approach by Duesbery et al. (1998). The removal of the amino terminus of MAPKKs eliminates the 'docking site' involved in the specific interaction with MAPKs and interferes with the phospho-activation of the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, which become phosphorylated in cultured macrophages following toxin challenge. We are currently investigating the relevance of MAPKKs cleavage for LeTx cytotoxicity and the consequences for the activity of the MAP pathway.
Diode pumped multikilohertz Yb:KGW femtosecond amplifier (2003)

Summary from only given. We have developed a real industrial femtosecond system with performances fitting the requirement for real world applications. This Yb:KGd(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ (KGW) system produces 150 /spl mu/J, 420 fs pulses at multi-kilohertz repetition rates. It uses only one 2 W diode for the oscillator and one 15 W diode for the amplifier, and exhibits excellent short and long term stability. We think that reliable rugged femtosecond lasers will open the path for a large range of applications that present technologies based on Ti:sapphire cannot reach.
Reversible Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Homopolymerization of <scp>l</scp>-Lactide with 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid Tin(II) Salt (1997)

The reversible kinetics of l-lactide bulk polymerization with tin(II) ethylhexanoate was determined over a wide range of temperatures, 130−220 °C, and monomer to initiator molar ratios, 1000−80 000. Both polymerization and depolymerization are accurately described by a reversible model with a propagation term that is first order in monomer and catalyst. The activation energy of propagation is 70.9 ± 1.5 kJ mol-1. The enthalpy, entropy, and ceiling temperature of polymerization are −23.3 ± 1.5 kJ mol-1, −22.0 ± 3.2 J mol-1 K-1, and 786 ± 87 °C, respectively. Crystallization increases the propagation rate and decreases the apparent monomer equilibrium in proportion to the degree of crystallinity. Natural hydroxyl impurities stoichiometrically control the polymer molecular weight but do not significantly affect the propagation rate.
<i>I</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> growth rate measurements during molecular beam epitaxy using an optical pyrometer (1989)

An optical pyrometer has been used to measure apparent temperature oscillations during the growth of GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy. The oscillations are due to an optical interference effect in the epitaxial layers and the period can be related to both growth rate and alloy composition. Measurements can be carried out on rotating substrates throughout the deposition cycle of complex device structures, and provide a convenient means of monitoring the uniformity of the deposition process.
Mass transfer in nitric acid absorption (1987)

Abstract The mechanism and rate limitations in aqueous nitrogen oxides absorption are reviewed and data available on chemical kinetics for performance predictions are discussed. Application of a rate relationship to characterize interphase mass transfer for the primary reactant N 2 O 4 is shown, with mass transfer coefficients derived from plant‐scale data. Correlations for these coefficients as functions of acid strength and temperature for both bubble cap and sieve plate designs are presented.
Pulse-Driven Magnetoimpedance Sensor Detection of Cardiac Magnetic Activity (2011)

This study sought to establish a convenient method for detecting biomagnetic activity in the heart. Electrical activity of the heart simultaneously induces a magnetic field. Detection of this magnetic activity will enable non-contact, noninvasive evaluation to be made. We improved the sensitivity of a pulse-driven magnetoimpedance (PMI) sensor, which is used as an electric compass in mobile phones and as a motion sensor of the operation handle in computer games, toward a pico-Tesla (pT) level, and measured magnetic fields on the surface of the thoracic wall in humans. The changes in magnetic field detected by this sensor synchronized with the electric activity of the electrocardiogram (ECG). The shape of the magnetic wave was largely altered by shifting the sensor position within 20 mm in parallel and/or perpendicular to the thoracic wall. The magnetic activity was maximal in the 4th intercostals near the center of the sterna. Furthermore, averaging the magnetic activity at 15 mm in the distance between the thoracic wall and the sensor demonstrated magnetic waves mimicking the P wave and QRS complex. The present study shows the application of PMI sensor in detecting cardiac magnetic activity in several healthy subjects, and suggests future applications of this technology in medicine and biology.
Parametric Design of a Spherical Eight-Bar Linkage Based on a Spherical Parallel Manipulator (2008)

This paper presents a procedure that determines the dimensions of two constraining links to be added to a three degree-of-freedom spherical parallel manipulator so that it becomes a one degree-of-freedom spherical (8, 10) eight-bar linkage that guides its end-effector through five task poses. The dimensions of the spherical parallel manipulator are unconstrained, which provides the freedom to specify arbitrary base attachment points as well as the opportunity to shape the overall movement of the linkage. Inverse kinematics analysis of the spherical parallel manipulator provides a set of relative poses between all of the links, which are used to formulate the synthesis equations for spherical RR chains connecting any two of these links. The analysis of the resulting spherical eight-bar linkage verifies the movement of the system.
Pleural Effusion in Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treated With Dasatinib After Imatinib Failure (2007)

Pleural effusions occur during dasatinib therapy, particularly among patients in AP or BP. A twice-daily schedule may result in a higher incidence of pleural effusion. Close monitoring and timely intervention may allow patients to continue therapy and achieve the desired clinical benefit.
A MSCs-laden polycaprolactone/collagen scaffold for bone tissue regeneration (2016)

A mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden scaffold was designed for use in mastoid obliteration.
Production of Isolated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles under High Salt Concentrations (2017)

The cell membrane forms a dynamic and complex barrier between the living cell and its environment. However, its <i>in vivo</i> studies are difficult because it consists of a high variety of lipids and proteins and is continuously reorganized by the cell. Therefore, membrane model systems with precisely controlled composition are used to investigate fundamental interactions of membrane components under well-defined conditions. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) offer a powerful model system for the cell membrane, but many previous studies have been performed in unphysiologically low ionic strength solutions which might lead to altered membrane properties, protein stability and lipid-protein interaction. In the present work, we give an overview of the existing methods for GUV production and present our efforts on forming single, free floating vesicles up to several tens of μm in diameter and at high yield in various buffer solutions with physiological ionic strength and pH.
On the role of proteases, their inhibitors and the extracellular matrix in promoting neurite outgrowth. (1985)

Using a novel method, a monoclonal antibody was produced which can directly block the activity of an extracellular matrix-associated neurite outgrowth promoting complex (Matthew and Patterson, 1983). Presumably binding at or near the active site, this antibody recognizes a determinant consisting of heparan sulfate and a larger molecule which is likely to be laminin (Matthew et al., in preparation). The antibody has been further used to localize this determinant in adult tissues in vivo. Extracellular binding is seen at sites known to promote axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system and is not seen in the central nervous system (Matthew et al., in preparation). In investigating how neurons may modify their environment as they grow processes, we have recently found that sensory and sympathetic neurons spontaneously release a collagenase and a plasminogen activator from their distal processes and/or growth cones (Pittman, 1985). A 43 kD irreversible inhibitor of the plasminogen activator is secreted by cardiac myocytes and is found on the surfaces of cultured neurons (Pittman, 1984). This inhibitor is also released by nonneuronal cell cultures from peripheral, but not central, nerves (Pittman, unpublished). Of interest in relation to the proteoglycan neurite outgrowth promoting complex is the finding that the 43 kD inhibitor preparation binds heparin tightly and can displace laminin from its heparin binding site (Patterson and Pittman, unpublished). Thus it is possible that the protease/inhibitor system could affect outgrowth via interaction with the neurite outgrowth promoting complex in the extracellular matrix.
An adaptive array for mobile communication systems (1991)

The use of adaptive antenna techniques to increase the channel capacity is discussed. Directional sensitivity is obtained by using an antenna array at the base station, possibly both in receiving and transmitting mode. A scheme for separating several signals at the same frequency is proposed. The method is based on high-resolution direction-finding followed by optimal combination of the antenna outputs. Comparison with a method based on reference signals is made. Computer simulations are carried out to test the applicability of the technique to scattering scenarios that typically arise in urban areas. The proposed scheme is found to have great potential in rejecting cochannel interference, albeit at the expense of high computational requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Filter-less frequency quadrupling technique for optical millimeter-wave signal generation based on one single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (2010)

In this paper, a simple technique to realize frequency quadrupling and upconversion in a radio over fiber (RoF) link is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The frequency quadrupling is achieved by a single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) which is biased at the peak of the transmission curve and driven by a radio frequency (RF) signal with an amplitude swing of ~3.06V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</sub> , where V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</sub> is the half-wave voltage of the MZM.
Suppressing Oxidation-Enhanced Diffusion of Boron via Buried Epitaxial Oxygen-Inserted Layers in Silicon (2018)

Oxygen-Inserted (OI) layers interposed between boron marker layers are shown to substantially retard diffusion in the lower marker. Simulation of these OI layers and their associated annihilation of interstitials reproduces the experimental results, demonstrating that OI layers effectively preserve boron gradients during oxidation. Integration into CMOS process improves device matching and drive current.