gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A guide to the treatment of depression in women by estrogens (2011)

Premenstrual depression, postnatal depression and climacteric depression are related to changes in ovarian hormone levels and can be effectively treated by hormones. It is unfortunate that psychiatrists have not accepted this form of treatment and this paper is an attempt to simplify this treatment, which should include transdermal estrogens, possibly testosterone and, if the woman has a uterus, also progestogen. A balance is often necessary between these three hormones. Transdermal estrogens in the appropriate dose will suppress ovulation and suppress the cyclical hormonal changes that produce premenstrual depression. Estrogens also have a mood-enhancing effect in postnatal depression and the depression in the transitional phase of the menopause. It is possible to add transdermal testosterone which will improve mood, energy and libido. The problem is the progestogen as these women are often progestogen-intolerant. Progestogen should be used in the lowest dose and for the shortest duration necessary to prevent endometrial hyperplasia or the return of premenstrual syndrome-type symptoms if the women are progestogen-intolerant. The use of estrogens for depression in these women does not exclude the use of antidepressants. Hormone-responsive depression cannot be diagnosed by measuring hormone levels but can only be diagnosed by a careful history relating depression to the menstrual cycle, pregnancies and the perimenopausal years. These appropriate questions should prevent the endocrine condition of premenstrual depression being misdiagnosed as bipolar disorder and the woman given inappropriate treatment.
A Max-Min Measure for Image Texture Analysis (1977)

A new technique for image texture analysis is described which uses the relative frequency of local extremes in grey level as the principal measure. This method is invariant to multiplicative gain changes (such as caused by changes in illumination level or film processing) and is invariant to image resolution and sampling rate if the image is not undersampled. The algorithm described is computationally simple and can be implemented in hardware for real-time analysis. Comparisons are made between this new method and the spatial dependence method of texture analysis using 49 samples of each of eight textures. The new method seems just as accurate and considerably faster.
Design and Deployment of an Open Management and Orchestration Platform for Multi-Site NFV Experimentation (2019)

Management and orchestration of virtual resources and functions, commonly referred to as MANO, are key functionalities of NFV environments. This article describes the design and deployment of the NFV MANO platform of 5TONIC, the open research and innovation laboratory on 5G technologies founded by Telefonica and IMDEA Networks. This NFV MANO platform provides 5TONIC trials and experiments with access to a functional production-like NFV environment, enabling experimentation with novel NFV products and services. As a relevant feature, the platform is capable of incorporating external sites to complement the portfolio of software and hardware resources that can be made available for experimentation activities. The 5TONIC MANO platform has been designed and built using open source technologies. The research carried out during its design and deployment has resulted in a contribution already made to its upstream projects regarding the automated configuration of virtualized network functions. Finally, we explore the scalability properties of the 5TONIC MANO platform, and we experimentally validate its functional capacity to orchestrate multi-site experiments.
A Fabric Denuder for Sampling Semi-Volatile Species (2000)

A new style of diffusion denuder has been evaluated specifically for sampling HNO3. A coated fabric is used as the denuder substrate, which can be loaded directly into a standard filter holder. This approach allows direct denuder sampling with no additional capital costs over filter sampling and simplifies the coating and extraction process. Potential denuder materials and coatings were evaluated in the laboratory to test the removal efficiency. NaCl coatings were used to assess more than 20 materials for HNO3 collection efficiency. Particle retention, which would cause a denuder to have a positive bias for gas concentration measurements, was evaluated by ambient air sampling using particulate sulfate as the reference aerosol. Particle retention varied from 0 to 15%, depending on the denuder material tested. The best performing material showed an average particle retention of less than 3%. Denuder efficiency of four fabric materials was tested under ambient conditions to determine removal efficiency. The fabric denuder method was compared with a long path-length Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS), and a denuder difference sampler to independently measure HNO3. HNO3 collection efficiency was typically 90% for the denuders, whether coated with NaCl or not. For 10-L/min sampling rates with the fabric denuder, the square of the correlation coefficient with the FTIR spectrometer was 0.73, compared to 0.24 with the TDLAS.
Catalytic Phosphorus(V)-Mediated Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Development of a Catalytic Appel Reaction (2011)

Catalytic phosphorus(V)-mediated chlorination and bromination reactions of alcohols have been developed. The new reactions constitute a catalytic version of the classical Appel halogenation reaction. In these new reactions oxalyl chloride is used as a consumable stoichiometric reagent to generate the halophosphonium salts responsible for halogenation from catalytic phosphine oxides. Thus, phosphine oxides have been transformed from stoichiometric waste products into catalysts and a new concept for catalytic phosphorus-based activation and nucleophilic substitution of alcohols has been validated. The present study has focused on a full exploration of the scope and limitations of phosphine oxide catalyzed chlorination reactions as well as the development of the analogous bromination reactions. Further mechanistic studies, including density functional theory calculations on proposed intermediates of the catalytic cycle, are consistent with a catalytic cycle involving halo- and alkoxyphosphonium salts as intermediates.
Modeling of long term memory effects in RF power amplifiers with dynamic parameters (2012)

This paper presents a new radio frequency power amplifier behavioral model that is capable of modeling long term memory effects. The proposed model is derived by assuming linear dependence of the parameters of a conventional model to a long term memory parameter, which enables the model to better track the signal-induced changes of the power amplifier electrical behavior. The model is experimentally tested on a 100W Doherty power amplifier, with a signal that has a step-like change in power, representative of a realistic communication system with bursty behavior. Results show that the proposed model is able to improve the normalized mean squared error performance by around 2–3 dB.
Pan-and-tilt self-portrait system using gesture interface (2017)

Digital cameras are widely used in desktop and notebook PCs. Taking self-portraits is one of the important function of such cameras, which allows users to capture memories, create art, and improve photography techniques. A desktop environment with a large display and a pan-and-tilt camera provides users with a good area for exploring more angles and postures while taking self-portraits. However, most of the existing camera interfaces of this type are limited to device-based systems (i.e., mouse and keyboard) that prevent users from efficiently controlling the camera while taking self-portraits. This study proposes a vision-based system equipped with a gesture interface that control a pan-and-tilt camera for taking self-portraits. This interface uses gestures, particularly slight hand movements (i.e., sweeps, circles, and waves), to control the pan, tilt, and shutter functions of the camera. The gesture-recognition achieved good efficiency in performance (less than 2ms) and the recognition rate (0.9 on average in lighting conditions range 100 - 200). Experimental results indicate that the proposed system effectively controls the options in a self-portrait camera, this approach provides significantly higher satisfaction, particularly in terms of the intuitive motion gestures, freedom, and enjoyment, than when using a hand-held remote control or a conventional mouse-based interface. The proposed system is a promising technique for taking self-portraits in a desktop environment.
Design of species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. I. Effect of thymidine substituents on affinity for the thymidine site of hamster cytoplasmic thymidine kinase (1979)

5-(Ethylamino)- and 5-acetamido-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphates were synthesized; the extent and concentration dependence of their inhibitory action on the title enzyme resembled that of the feedback inhibitor TTP. This and other findings provide a tentative indication that bulk tolerance near C-5 of the thymine ring may be more extensive at the TTP site than at the thymidine site. Enzyme-inhibitor dissociation constants (Ki values) were determined for thymidine derivatives monosubstituted at various positions. Competitive inhibition with respect to thymidine (indicative of substituent tolerance in the enzyme-thymidine complex) was produced by 3-amylthymidine (Ki = 65 muM), trans-5-bromo-6-ethoxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine diastereoisomers (Ki = 180 and 310 muM), 5'-C-(acetamidomethyl)- and 5-C-(propionamidomethyl)thymidine epimers (Ki range 65--1100 muM), 3'-acetamido- and 3'-(ethylthio)-3'-deoxythymidines (Ki = 2.5 mM and 12 muM, respectively), and certain 5'-(alkylamino)- and 5'-(alkylthio)-5'-deoxythymidines (Ki range 180--1200 muM). Evidence indicates that bulk tolerance at some, if not most, of the above atoms of thymidine is found in the enzyme-thymidine complexes of human and other mammalian thymidine kinases; attachment of suitable substituents to such atoms could, in principle, lead to thymidine site directed isozyme-specific inhibitors of human cytoplasmic thymidine kinase, which is a candidate target in the design of antineoplastic drugs.
Design and Implementation of a VLSI Tactile Sensing Computer (1982)

A new type of tactile sensor is presented that was designed to give a robot manipulation system information about contact between its hand and objects in the environment. We describe a device that is at once a special-purpose parallel computer and a high-resolution tactile array sen sor. The passive substrates of earlier tactile sensors have been replaced with a custom-designed very large scale in tegration (VLSI) device that performs transduction, tactile image processing, and communication. Forces are trans duced using a conductive plastic technique in conjunction with metal electrodes on the surface of an integrated cir cuit. An array of processors implemented within the inte grated circuit perform parallel two-dimensional convolu tions between programmable filtering masks and a binary tactile image. Data are then read from the array serially, so they can be transmitted to a control computer. A 6 x 3 array sensor with 1 mm 2 tactile cells has been designed and tested. It is fully functional. In preparation for constructing large sensor arrays with hundreds of elements, the possibility of constructing defect tolerant tactile cells was explored. Analyses based on the Poisson model indicate that working arrays with 1,000 functional cells are possible if computing elements are rep licated within each tactile cell. Experiments on a 3 x 3 array sensor with redundant pairs of computing elements suggest that large tactile sensing arrays are within reach.
Characterization of cerulenin-resistant mutants of Candida albicans (1986)

Cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis, has been used to study the role of the plasma membrane in germination of Candida albicans. To further elucidate this association, spontaneous, cerulenin-resistant mutants of C. albicans were isolated. Two of the mutants, 4918-2 and 4918-10, were compared biochemically with wild-type cells (4918). All strains grew equally well at 37 degrees C and synthesized fatty acids at comparable rates in the absence of the drug. In the presence of cerulenin, wild-type cells did not proceed through a logarithmic growth stage and exhibited a significantly impaired ability to incorporate [3H]acetate into newly synthesized lipid material. All strains were examined ultrastructurally. Alterations were observed in the membranous structures of cerulenin-treated wild-type cells. Such changes were not observed in cerulenin-treated mutant strains. Further examination of mutant strains revealed differences in cell wall protein and polysaccharide compositions when compared with those of wild-type cells. These apparent alterations in cell surface components may be correlated with the reduced abilities of mutant strains to adhere, in vitro, to mammalian cells.
Leukocyte Zinc in the Assessment of Zinc Status (1984)

The problems of assessment of human zinc status are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the limitations to each of the current available measurements. The advantages and limitations of leukocytes are then described. Methods of preparation and potential problems in the assay for zinc are described in detail. The data so-far produced by this method are reviewed.
Advances in distinguishing natural from induced Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. (2013)

For more than a decade now, the regulatory T (Treg) cell has widely been considered as a critical subpopulation of T cells which can suppress effector T cell responses as well as suppressing the activity of other immune cells, such as mast cell, dendritic cells, and B cells. Treg cells have been broadly characterized as comprising of two main populations: thymus-derived natural Treg (nTreg) cells, and peripherally generated induced Treg (iTreg) cells. Both subsets have similar phenotypic characteristics and comparable suppressive function against T cell-mediated immune response and diseases. However, both Foxp3 positive Treg subsets exhibit some specific differences such as different mRNA transcripts and protein expression, epigenetic modification, and stability. These subtle differences reinforce the notion that they represent unique and distinct subsets. Accurately distinguishing iTregs from nTregs will help to clarify the biological features and contributions of each Treg subsets in peripheral tolerance, autoimmunity and tumor immunity. One difficult problem is that it has not been possible to distinguish iTregs from nTregs using surface markers until two recent articles were published to address this possibility. This review will focus on very recent advances in using molecular markers to differentiate these Treg subsets.
Rapid Cycling and Exceptional Yield in a Metal-Organic Framework Water Harvester (2019)

Sorbent-assisted water harvesting from air represents an attractive way to address water scarcity in arid climates. Hitherto, sorbents developed for this technology have exclusively been designed to perform one water harvesting cycle (WHC) per day, but the productivities attained with this approach cannot reasonably meet the rising demand for drinking water. This work shows that a microporous aluminum-based metal-organic framework, MOF-303, can perform an adsorption-desorption cycle within minutes under a mild temperature swing, which opens the way for high-productivity water harvesting through rapid, continuous WHCs. Additionally, the favorable dynamic water sorption properties of MOF-303 allow it to outperform other commercial sorbents displaying excellent steady-state characteristics under similar experimental conditions. Finally, these findings are implemented in a new water harvester capable of generating 1.3 L kg<sub>MOF</sub> <sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> in an indoor arid environment (32% relative humidity, 27 °C) and 0.7 L kg<sub>MOF</sub> <sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> in the Mojave Desert (in conditions as extreme as 10% RH, 27 °C), representing an improvement by 1 order of magnitude over previously reported devices. This study demonstrates that creating sorbents capable of rapid water sorption dynamics, rather than merely focusing on high water capacities, is crucial to reach water production on a scale matching human consumption.
Frequency and Activation of CD4+CD25high FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Peripheral Blood from Children with Atopic Allergy (2013)

Tregs display substantial deficiencies in atopic children, especially in children with multiorgan involvement, compared to patients with single organ manifestations. Additionally, there is an association between Tregs and the sIgE serum concentration. Better identification and characterization of Tregs in allergy is needed as they limit responses to foreign antigens, thereby minimizing T cell-mediated immunopathology in allergic diseases.
Common and well‐documented HLA alleles over all of Europe and within European sub‐regions: A catalogue from the European Federation for Immunogenetics (2017)

Although the definition of CWD alleles itself is affected by different parameters, calling for current updates of the list, the EFI CWD catalogue provides new insights into European population genetics and will be a very useful tool for tissue-typing laboratories in and beyond Europe.
No Evidence for Production of Intrathecal Immunoglobulin G against <i>Acinetobacter</i> or <i>Pseudomonas</i> in Multiple Sclerosis (2004)

The production of oligoclonal, polyspecific immunoglobulin G is characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet no pathogen has been identified as an infectious agent. Recent studies have proposed Acinetobactercalcoaceticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as candidate organisms, on the basis of a sequence homology between a bacterial enzyme and bovine myelin basic protein. To investigate this, we looked for specific, high-affinity immunoglobulin G against these pathogensin paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid from MS patients compared to other neurological diseases. We found no greater incidence of high-affinity antibodies against the organisms studied in MS vs. other neurological diseases, and so conclude that A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa are unlikely to be implicated in the pathogenesis of MS.
Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy in Patients with Mitral Stenosis and Coexistent Hyperthyroidism. (1996)

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) was performed successfully without complications in 3 patients with severe mitral stenosis and hyperthyroidism. All 3 patients had pliable, noncalcified mitral valves. One patient who had been treated with methimazole for 6 months was still in a hyperthyroid state when she presented with intractable congestive heart failure and was found to have severe mitral stenosis. The heart failure improved immediately after PTMC, but the patient remained in New York Heart Association functional class 2 until a euthyroid state was achieved with I131 therapy. In the other 2 patients, hyperthyroidism was unsuspected at the time of PTMC. Unexpectedly suboptimal symptom improvement led to the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism 1 month after the intervention. In all 3 patients, PTMC resulted in an immediate hemodynamic and clinical improvement. However, complete clinical improvement occurred only when euthyroid state was achieved after antithyroid treatment. The present study suggests that PTMC is a safe and effective intervention modality in patients with coexisting hyperthyroidism and severe mitral stenosis. The procedure may be considered a therapeutic option in patients with hyperthyroidism and severe mitral stenosis.
Tibiofemoral movement 3: full flexion in the living knee studied by MRI (2000)

We studied active flexion from 90° to 133° and passive flexion to 162° using MRI in 20 unloaded knees in Japanese subjects. Flexion over this arc is accompanied by backward movement of the medial femoral condyle of 4.0 mm and by backward movement laterally of 15 mm, i.e., by internal rotation of the tibia. At 162° the lateral femoral condyle lies posterior to the tibia.
Cimplifier: automatically debloating containers (2017)

Application containers, such as those provided by Docker, have recently gained popularity as a solution for agile and seamless software deployment. These light-weight virtualization environments run applications that are packed together with their resources and configuration information, and thus can be deployed across various software platforms. Unfortunately, the ease with which containers can be created is oftentimes a double-edged sword, encouraging the packaging of logically distinct applications, and the inclusion of significant amount of unnecessary components, within a single container. These practices needlessly increase the container size-sometimes by orders of magnitude. They also decrease the overall security, as each included component-necessary or not-may bring in security issues of its own, and there is no isolation between multiple applications packaged within the same container image. We propose algorithms and a tool called Cimplifier, which address these concerns: given a container and simple user-defined constraints, our tool partitions it into simpler containers, which (i) are isolated from each other, only communicating as necessary, and (ii) only include enough resources to perform their functionality. Our evaluation on real-world containers demonstrates that Cimplifier preserves the original functionality, leads to reduction in image size of up to 95%, and processes even large containers in under thirty seconds.
SCL: a language for security testing of network applications (2005)

Security of network applications has become increasingly important in the past several years. Syntax-based testing is a black box, data driven testing technique, for applications for which input can be described formally. SCL is a component of Protocol Tester, a project at RMC and Queen's, that uses syntax-based testing to evaluate the security of network applications. As a language, SCL can describe the syntax and the semantic constraints of a given protocol, constraints that pertain to the testing of network application security. This paper describes how SCL captures the input syntax of a network application including both syntax and semantic constraints. Standard reverse engineering and program comprehension techniques are used to extract a detailed model from the description. This model can be used to automate the selection and generation of test cases in Protocol Tester.