gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative algorithms for crystal efficiencies estimations from TOF compressed normalization data (2008)

The TOF clinical data are very sparse and have significant size. These data undergo TOF axial rebinning and azimuthal mashing if histogrammed data-based reconstruction algorithms are used. In a clinical environment, TOF compression is performed by the hardware rebinner. Normalization data, acquired on a regular basis and used for estimation of some norm components, are compressed by the hardware rebinner in a similar manner. In this paper we present simple update iterative algorithms for crystal efficiencies norm component estimation from TOF compressed normalization data. The previously known methods are not directly applicable, since the compression procedure significantly complicates normalization data model equations. Presented iterative methods have the advantages of easy adaptation to any acquisition geometry, and of allowing the estimation of parameters at the crystal level when the number of crystals is relatively small. A monotonic sequential coordinate descent algorithm, which optimizes the Least Squares objective function, is investigated. A simultaneous update algorithm, which possesses the advantage of easy parallelization, is also derived. Measured normalization data from a Siemens prototype TOF scanner are used to validate the algorithms performance.
Auditory Steady-State Responses and Word Recognition Scores in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Adults (2004)

IAFM responses are significantly correlated with WRS and may provide an objective tool for examining the brain's ability to process the auditory information needed to perceive speech.
PlayNCool: Opportunistic network coding for local optimization of routing in wireless mesh networks (2013)

This paper introduces PlayNCool, an opportunistic protocol with local optimization based on network coding to increase the throughput of a wireless mesh network (WMN). PlayNCool aims to enhance current routing protocols by (i) allowing random linear network coding transmissions end-to-end, (ii) recoding at intermediate nodes, and more importantly (iii) the identification and selection of helpers for each individual link. PlayNCool is easy to implement, compatible with existing routing protocols, and relies on simple intuition and closed-form, local optimization techniques. The intuition behind our protocol is that each helper to a link in a multi-hop path reinforces that link by listening to coded packets transmitted in the link and by judiciously choosing when to start transmitting to make the data exchange faster and more efficient. This paper pays special attention to techniques to determine how much a helper should wait before springing into action based on channel conditions for the optimization of a single link, i.e., the helper will play it cool by only speaking after it has heard enough to be truly useful. These techniques constitute a key feature of PlayNCool and are applicable in large scale mesh networks. We show that PlayNCool can provide gains of more than 3× in individual links, which translates into a large end-to-end throughput improvement, and that it provides higher gains when more nodes in the network contend for the channel at the MAC layer, making it particularly relevant for dense mesh networks.
Evaluation of different genotypes of nontoxigenic <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> for their ability to reduce aflatoxin contamination in peanuts (2011)

Abstract Aflatoxins produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus are potent carcinogens and account for large monetary losses worldwide in peanuts, maize, and cottonseed. Biological control in which a nontoxigenic strain of A. flavus is applied to crops at high concentrations effectively reduces aflatoxins through competition with native aflatoxigenic populations. In this study, eight nontoxigenic strains of A. flavus belonging to different vegetative compatibility groups and differing in deletion patterns within the aflatoxin gene cluster were evaluated for their ability to reduce aflatoxin B1 when paired with eight aflatoxigenic strains on individual peanut seeds. Inoculation of wounded viable peanut seeds with conidia demonstrated that nontoxigenic strains differed in their ability to reduce aflatoxin B1. Reductions in aflatoxin B1 often exceeded expected reductions based on a 50:50 mixture of the two A. flavus strains, although one nontoxigenic strain significantly increased aflatoxin B1 when paired with an aflatoxigenic strain. Therefore, nontoxigenicity alone is insufficient for selecting a biocontrol agent and it is also necessary to test the effectiveness of a nontoxigenic strain against a variety of aflatoxigenic strains. Keywords: aflatoxin Aspergillus flavus biological controlgroundnutspeanuts Acknowledgements Appreciation is given to Travis Walk and Milbra Schweikert for their technical assistance and to Richard Layton for his statistical advice. The mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.
Safe fall: Humanoid robot fall direction change through intelligent stepping and inertia shaping (2009)

Although fall is a rare event in the life of a humanoid robot, we must be prepared for it because its consequences are serious. In this paper we present a fall strategy which rapidly modifies the robot's fall direction in order to avoid hitting a person or an object in the vicinity. Our approach is based on the key observation that during “toppling” the rotational motion of a robot necessarily occurs at the leading edge or the leading corner of its support base polygon. To modify the fall direction the robot needs to change the position and orientation of this edge or corner vis-a-vis the prohibited direction. We achieve it through intelligent stepping as soon as a fall is detected. We compute the optimal stepping location which results in the safest fall. Additional improvement to the fall controller is achieved through inertia shaping techniques aimed at controlling the centroidal inertia of the robot. We demonstrate our results through the simulation of an Asimo-like humanoid robot. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a controller that attempts to change the fall direction of a humanoid robot.
Acoustic charge transport in an (Al,Ga)As/GaAs heterojunction structure grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (1988)

The demonstration of charge transport in GaAs epitaxial layers by surface acoustic waves in 1982 has led to a great deal of interest in using acoustic charge transport (ACT) technology for high-speed analog signal processors. Successful implementation of ACT effects requires confining the moving charge packets to a buried layer. This was originally accomplished by biasing a thick, lightly doped n-GaAs layer (about 4 μm low-1015/cm3) with electrodes at the epilayer surface and at the back of the semi-insulating substrate, leading to problems in device fabrication and reproducibility, as well as making monolithic integration with field effect transistors (FET’s) difficult. The logical solution to these problems seemed to be using the charge confining capability inherent in heterojunctions. We report here the first observation of acoustic charge transport in a heterojunction structure. The heterojunction acoustic charge transport (HACT) epitaxial structures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and are comprised of a GaAs quantum well with (Al,Ga)As barriers. The top (Al,Ga)As layer is doped to satisfy surface states and to facilitate formation of Ohmic contacts. These structures are similar to quantum well or double heterojunction high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) [modulation-doped FET (MODFET)] epilayers, but with somewhat different material requirements for good device operation. As examples, acoustic charge transport devices operate at low current levels (about 100 μA) and thus require Schottky contacts with very low leakage. But since they operate at relatively low frequencies (hundreds of MHz) they do not need extremely high mobility two-dimensional electron gases. Initial results indicate that these devices function best with a low sheet carrier concentration, also in contrast to HEMT’s. Further details of materials and device fabrication will be presented.
Repetitive Functionalization of Water-Soluble Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Addition of Acid-Sensitive Addends (2007)

A method has been developed for creating bulk quantities of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that contain multifunctional, acid-sensitive addends. Utilizing aryl diazonium salts, the repetitive functionalization protocol can yield multifunctional SWNTs containing moieties that would not be stable to the harsh oleum functionalization conditions used previously. The presence of multifunctionality on the SWNTs has been confirmed using Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Autonomous Surveying Of Underfloor Voids (2016)

In this paper, a novel robotic system that solves the problem of autonomous mapping an underfloor void is presented. The approach is based on a 3D laser scanner. A real time navigation system and a new high level planner that selects the next best scanning position controls the motion of the robot. Multiple scans are aligned using ICP and graph optimization techniques. Finally, a point cloud fusion algorithm creates a global model of the environment from the aligned scans.<br> The survey robot has been successfully deployed in a commercial application for scanning underfloor voids before and after the application of thermal insulation. Using this system, the robot was successfully able to autonomously map the controlled test scenario. For some applications the quantity of rubble within the void caused the real time navigation to fail and teleoperation and manual initialization of the ICP algorithm was necessary.
Abstract 270: Modulation of EGFR localization and transcriptional activity (2010)

Abstract The triple negative (ER-, PR-, Her2-) or basal-like breast cancers are the most difficult forms of breast cancer to treat, because the cancer is often chemoresistant and highly metastatic. As these cancers progress from early to late stage the 5-year survival rate drops dramatically. Many proteins are responsible for this progression, including MUC1 and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). MUC1 is a heavily O-glycosylated transmembrane protein that is over expressed in 90% of all breast and ovarian cancers. In normal cells, MUC1 is only found on the apical surface of epithelium, but in cancer, MUC1 is found to be mislocalized. As a result, MUC1 plays a role in promoting tumorigenesis and metastases, by interacting with other oncogenes such as EGFR. EGFR is overexpressed in about 60% of the most aggressive form of breast cancer (triple negative). In an EGFR-dependent mouse model of breast cancer, the loss of Muc1 directly correlates to the loss of cyclin D1. Additionally, blocking MUC1 and EGFR interactions significantly inhibited tumor progression in a xenograft and s spontaneous mouse model of breast cancer. Recently, a novel trafficking pathway of EGFR has been discovered, which was described as EGFR trafficking to the nuclear compartment. Following entry into the nucleus EGFR can act in an oncogenic manner by aberrantly activating transcription of genes such as, cyclin D1 and v-myb. In this study we discovered a novel regulator function of MUC1 in EGFR trafficking and transcriptional activity. We found that MUC1 expression in basal-like breast cancer promotes the accumulation of nuclear EGFR and mediates EGFR's interaction with chromatin. Additionally, we determined that EGFR's interaction with the cyclin D1 promoter and upregulation of the cyclin D1 protein was MUC1-dependent. The main focus of anti-EGFR therapeutics have been its tyrosine kinase activity, however this study reveals that EGFR's subcellular localization should also be considered in the development of future cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 270.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF PYRIDAZINE COMPOUNDS, III (1). HYPOTENSIVE 3‐(1‐PYRAZOLYL) PYRIDAZINE DERIVATIVES (1980)

Abstract Zahlreiche 3‐[Pyrazolyl‐( 1 )]‐pyridazin‐Derivate wurden nach Literaturmethoden synthetisiert und in Tierversuchen (Katzen, Ratten) auf ihre hxgotensive und/oder inhibitorische Aktivität auf den PG‐Metabolismus getestet.
Type- and Group-Specific Continuous Antigenic Determinants of HTLV. Use of Synthetic Peptides for Serotyping of HTLV-I and -II Infection (1992)

The human T lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-I and -II) are relatively common in subpopulations of certain countries, notably intravenous drug abusers in North America. Infections with these malignancy-associated human retroviruses are hard to discriminate with currently available commercial serological tests. We studied the distribution of antigenicity and the degree of cross-reactivity of epitopes in gag and env of the two viruses. Sequences in the carboxyl terminus of the matrix protein (MA) and the middle of the outer glycoprotein (SU) reacted in a type-specific fashion, while sequences from the capsid protein (CA), the carboxyl terminus of SU, and conserved portions of the transmembrane protein (TM) mainly reacted in a group-specific fashion, correlating with the degree of sequence dissimilarity between the two viruses. The serological discrimination obtained with the peptides was evaluated in a panel of 25 sera where infection with HTLV-I or -II had been typed by competition in a p24 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After processing peptide results in a computer program, a typing result concordant with earlier results was obtained in 21 of 25 sera. Of the remaining five sera, four were labeled "too weak for typing" and one "HTLV of uncertain type" by the program. They did not react sufficiently strongly or clearly with the peptides to allow classification. A combination of synthetic peptides may become useful for serotyping HTLV infection and become an alternative to Western blots for confirmation of HTLV positivity.
Synthesis, Structure and Antitumor Activity of a Water-Soluble Platinum Complex, (1R,3R,4R,5R)-(-)-Quinato(1R,2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II). (1992)

The reaction of dihydroxo(1R,2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II) with (-)-quinic acid gave a water soluble complex, (-)-quinato(1R,2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II). The crystal structure of the complex was determined by X-ray analysis. The data indicate a chelation of the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid part of quinic acid to platinum(II). The complex shows moderate antitumor activity against murine leukemia L1210 at high doses (T/C x 100 = 179% at a dose of 200 mg/kg).
Use of Avian Retro viral-Bovine Growth Hormone DNA Recombinants to Direct Expression of Biologically Active Growth Hormone by Cultured Fibroblasts (1985)

A variety of recombinant DNA molecules were constructed in which an avian retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) was ligated to the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene. The retroviral LTR was derived from a plasmid clone of a Schmidt Ruppin B strain of Rous sarcoma virus while the bGH gene was subcloned from a lambda bacteriophage genomic library. Using a transient eukaryotic expression assay system, recombinant plasmid constructs were screened for their ability to direct expression and secretion of bGH. One such plasmid DNA construct, termed pBGH-4, was found to be active in the production of bGH. Stable mouse fibroblast cell lines were generated containing pBGH-4 DNA integrated into the mouse cell genome. Many of these mouse cell lines express and secrete bGH. One line, L-Pd lambda-BGH4-13, was found to secrete bGH at a rate of 75 micrograms per 5 X 10(6) cells per 24 hr. Bovine growth hormone derived from this cell line is biologically active.
Nitrite Acts as a Transcriptome Signal at Micromolar Concentrations in Arabidopsis Roots (2007)

Nitrate serves as a potent signal to control gene expression in plants and algae, but little is known about the signaling role of nitrite, the direct product of nitrate reduction. Analysis of several nitrate-induced genes showed that nitrite increases mRNA levels as rapidly as nitrate in nitrogen-starved Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. Both nitrite and nitrate induction are apparent at concentrations as low as 100 nm. The response at low nitrite concentrations was not due to contaminating nitrate, which was present at <1% of the nitrite concentration. High levels of ammonium (20 mm) in the growth medium suppressed induction of several genes by nitrate, but had varied effects on the nitrite response. Transcriptome analysis using 250 or 5 microm nitrate or nitrite showed that over one-half of the nitrate-induced genes, which included genes involved in nitrate and ammonium assimilation, energy production, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism responded equivalently to nitrite; however, the nitrite response was more robust and there were many genes that responded specifically to nitrite. Thus, nitrite can serve as a signal as well as if not better than nitrate.
Anti-inflammatory properties of a novel peptide interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (2014)

These findings indicate that Ilantide is a novel and potent IL-1RI antagonist that is able to reduce inflammatory damage in the central nervous system and pancreatic islets.
Embedded Multi-die Interconnect Bridge (EMIB) -- A High Density, High Bandwidth Packaging Interconnect (2016)

The EMIB dense MCP technology is a new packaging paradigm that provides localized high density interconnects between two or more die on an organic package substrate, opening up new opportunities for heterogeneous on-package integration. This paper provides an overview of EMIB architecture and package capabilities. First, EMIB is compared with other approaches for high density interconnects. Some of the inherent advantages of the technology, such as the ability to cost effectively implement high density interconnects without requiring TSVs, and the ability to support the integration of many large die in an area much greater than the typical reticle size limit are highlighted. Next, the overall EMIB architecture envelope is discussed along with its constituent building blocks, the package construction with the embedded bridge, die to package interconnect features. Next, the EMIB assembly process is described at a high level. Finally, high bandwidth signaling between the die is discussed and the link bandwidth envelope is quantified.
Progress In Design and Applications Of CCD Cameras For Electron Microscopy (1995)

Abstract Over the last several years the long-awaited revolution in direct-digital readout systems has begun, with the introduction of efficient slow-scan CCD cameras. Earlier, the introduction of video cameras to electron microscopes had brought a quantum leap in the speed and efficiency of carrying out a host of operations. The high sensitivity of the video cameras provided the ability to see the image in much more detail and at a lower beam intensity than had been previously possible by viewing the fluorescent screen. The ability to assess, on line, characteristics such as specimen quality and image focus, even qualitatively, gave feedback to the operator that previously took hours to obtain. Due to the low resolution of these video systems, however, they were rarely useful for data recording.
New desalination concept: the solar evaporator and condenser system (SEACS) (1981)

Ten new cases of distal amyotrophy localized in an upper limb are reported. In all cases, patients were young males. The onset of the neurological impairment was always progressive during one to three years. The disease remained stable with a follow-up study of at least three years. Electrophysiological and neuroradiologic results were in keeping with an involvement of the anterior horn cell, in agreement with similar studies found in the literature. The relatively benign evolution of this syndrome, in regard to the usual prognosis of the other forms of motor neuron disease, especially amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has to be outlined.
Electro-Optical Device with Tunable Transparency Using Colloidal Core/Shell Nanoparticles (2018)

Suspended particle devices (SPDs) adapted for controlling the transmission of electromagnetic radiation have become an area of considerable focus for smart window technology due to their desirable properties, such as instant and precise light control and cost-effectiveness. Here, we demonstrate a SPD with tunable transparency in the visible regime using colloidal assemblies of nanoparticles. The observed transparency using ZnS/SiO2 core/shell colloidal nanoparticles is dynamically tunable in response to an external electric field with increased transparency when applied voltage increases. The observed transparency change is attributed to structural ordering of nanoparticle assemblies and thereby modifies the photonic band structures, as confirmed by the finite-difference time-domain simulations of Maxwell’s equations. The transparency of the device can also be manipulated by changing the particle size and the device thickness. In addition to transparency, structural colorations and their dynamic tunability are demonstrated using α-Fe2O3/SiO2 core/shell nanomaterials, resulting from the combination of inherent optical properties of α-Fe2O3/SiO2 nanomaterials and coloration due to their tunable structural particle assemblies in response to electric stimuli.
CMOS IC diagnostics using the luminescence of off-state leakage currents (2005)

The light emission from ever increasing leakage currents in advanced CMOS technologies can now be reliably measured using existing photon detectors. The measurements of this emission provide valuable information about the operation of ICs. We suggest and experimentally demonstrate the following optical techniques: (1) transient logic state detection, (2) transient device temperature measurement, and (3) signal integrity analysis, including crosstalk and power supply noise measurements.
Performance tests of two portable mini gamma cameras for medical applications (2006)

We have developed two prototypes of portable gamma cameras for medical applications based on a previous prototype designed and tested by our group. These cameras use a CsI(Na) continuous scintillation crystal coupled to the new flat-panel-type multianode position-sensitive photomultiplier tube, H8500 from Hamamatsu Photonics. One of the prototypes, mainly intended for intrasurgical use, has a field of view of 44 x 44 mm2, and weighs 1.2 kg. Its intrinsic resolution is better than 1.5 mm and its energy resolution is about 13% at 140 keV. The second prototype, mainly intended for osteological, renal, mammary, and endocrine (thyroid, parathyroid, and suprarenal) scintigraphies, weighs a total of 2 kg. Its average spatial resolution is 2 mm; it has a field of view of 95 x 95 mm2, with an energy resolution of about 15% at 140 keV. The main advantages of these gamma camera prototypes with respect to those previously reported in the literature are high portability and low weight, with no significant loss of sensitivity and spatial resolution. All the electronic components are packed inside the mini gamma cameras, and no external electronic devices are required. The cameras are only connected through the universal serial bus port to a portable PC. In this paper, we present the design of the cameras and describe the procedures that have led us to choose their configuration together with the most important performance features of the cameras. For one of the prototypes, clinical tests on melanoma patients are presented and images are compared with those obtained with a conventional camera.