gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Self-Aggregation of Asphaltenes at an Oil/Water Interface: Formation and Destruction of the Asphaltene Protective Film (2015)

It is well known that asphaltene molecules play a significant role in stabilizing emulsions of water in crude oil or diluted bitumen solutions. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the aggregation and orientation behaviors of asphaltene molecules in a vacuum and at various water surfaces. Two different continental model asphaltene molecules were employed in this work. It was found that the initially disordered asphaltenes quickly self-assembled into ordered nanoaggregates consisting of several molecules, in which the aromatic rings in asphaltenes were reoriented to form a face-to-face stacked structure. More importantly, statistical analysis indicates that most of the stacked polycyclic aromatic planes of asphaltene nanoaggregates tend to be perpendicular to the water surface. If the asphaltene molecules are considered as “stakes”, then the asphaltene nanoaggregate can be regarded as a “fence”. All the fence-like nanoaggregates were twined and knitted together, which pinned them perpendicularly on the water surface to form a steady protective film wrapping the water droplets. The mechanism of stabilization of the water/oil emulsions is thereby well understood. Demulsification processes using a chemical demulsifier were also studied. It was observed that the asphaltene protective film was destroyed by a demulsifier of ethyl cellulose molecules, leading to exposure of the water droplet. The results obtained in this work will be of significance in guiding the development of demulsification technology.
Environmental Enrichment Improves Response Strength, Threshold, Selectivity, and Latency of Auditory Cortex Neurons (2004)

Over the last 50 yr, environmental enrichment has been shown to generate more than a dozen changes in brain anatomy. The consequences of these physical changes on information processing have not been well studied. In this study, rats were housed in enriched or standard conditions either prior to or after reaching sexual maturity. Evoked potentials from awake rats and extracellular recordings from anesthetized rats were used to document responses of auditory cortex neurons. This report details several significant, new findings about the influence of housing conditions on the responses of rat auditory cortex neurons. First, enrichment dramatically increases the strength of auditory cortex responses. Tone-evoked potentials of enriched rats, for example, were more than twice the amplitude of rats raised in standard laboratory conditions. Second, cortical responses of both young and adult animals benefit from exposure to an enriched environment and are degraded by exposure to an impoverished environment. Third, housing condition resulted in rapid remodeling of cortical responses in <2 wk. Fourth, recordings made under anesthesia indicate that enrichment increases the number of neurons activated by any sound. This finding shows that the evoked potential plasticity documented in awake rats was not due to differences in behavioral state. Finally, enrichment made primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons more sensitive to quiet sounds, more selective for tone frequency, and altered their response latencies. These experiments provide the first evidence of physiologic changes in auditory cortex processing resulting from generalized environmental enrichment.
CREDENTIAL: A Framework for Privacy-Preserving Cloud-Based Data Sharing (2016)

Data sharing - and in particular sharing of identity information - plays a vital role in many online systems. While in closed and trusted systems security and privacy can be managed more easily, secure and privacy-preserving data sharing as well as identity management becomes difficult when the data are moved to publicly available and semi-trusted systems such as public clouds. CREDENTIAL is therefore aiming on the development of a secure and privacy-preserving data sharing and identity management platform which gives stronger security guarantees than existing solutions on the market. The results will be showcased close to market-readiness through pilots from the domains of eHealth, eBusiness, and eGovernment, where security and privacy are crucial. From a technical perspective, the privacy and authenticity guarantees are obtained from sophisticated cryptographic primitives such as proxy re-encryption and redactable signatures.
N‐methylnitrosourea–induced carcinoma as a model for laryngeal carcinogenesis (2013)

Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of developing a murine laryngeal carcinogenesis model using direct topical instillation of MNU. This is the first murine model of laryngeal cancer and has great potential for evaluating new agents for chemoprevention and treatment for laryngeal carcinoma.
TGF‐<i>β</i>1 Induces the Dual Regulation of Hepatic Progenitor Cells with Both Anti‐ and Proliver Fibrosis (2015)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in hepatic progenitor cells- (HPCs-) mediated liver repair and fibrosis. However, different effects of TGF-β1 on progenitor cells have not been described. In this study, both in vitro (HPCs cocultured with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in transwells) and in vivo (CCl4-injured liver fibrosis rat) systems were used to evaluate the impacts. We found that HPCs pretreated with TGF-β1 for 12 hours inhibited the activation of HSCs, while sensitization for 48 hours increased the activation of HSCs. Consistent with these in vitro results, the in vivo fibrosis rat model showed the same time-dependent dual effect of TGF-β1. Regression of liver fibrosis as well as normalization of serum aminotransferase and albumin levels was detected in the rats transplanted with HPCs pretreated with TGF-β1 for 12 hours. In contrast, severe liver fibrosis and elevated collagen-1 levels were detected in the rats transplanted with HPCs pretreated with TGF-β1 for 48 hours. Furthermore, the TGF-β1-pretreated HPCs were shown to deactivate HSCs via enhancing SERPINE1 expression. Inhibition of SERPINE1 reversed the deactivation response in a dose-dependent manner.
Exploring spatial analysis in geographic information systems (1997)

Introduction to spatial analysis spatial data quantification of spatial analysis single layer operations multiple layer operations point pattern analysis network analysis spatial modelling surface analysis grid analysis decision making in spatial analysis.
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimiser with breeding and subpopulations (2001)

We studied the effect of helium (He) on ventilatory (VI) responses to progressive isocapnic hypoxia. Accordingly, in normal male subjects (age 23-46), we compared hypoxic rebreathes using He as a carrier gas with those utilizing nitrogen (N2) as a carrier gas. When alveolar CO2 tension (PACO2) was maintained at 40 mm Hg, we noted no difference in VI responses to hypoxia between N2 and He trials. In contrast, when PACO2 was maintained at 50 mm Hg, VI responses to hypoxia during the He trials were consistently greater than those noted during the N2 experiments. These results indicate that substitution of He for N2 does not augment VI responses to normocapnic hypoxia; however, this substitution does enhance VI responses to hypercapnic hypoxia.
Non-Invasive Papillary Carcinoma of the Bladder Associated with Carcinoma in Situ (1976)

We evaluated 129 patients with low grade, low stage transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with a minimum followup of 5 years. In addition to the phenomena recognized as indicators of a serious clinical problem (grade greater than I, rapid recurrence, multiple tumors and lamina propria invasion) the identification of carcinoma in situ and/or atypia in normal, incidentally resected mucosa adjacent to the tumor was found to be a positive predictor for subsequent muscle invasion. Ten of 12 patients with carcinoma in situ and 9 of 25 patients with atypia were among 39 who experienced invasion.
Molecular Profiling for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review (2013)

In recent years advances in molecular biology have launched disruptive innovations in breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The advent of genomics has revolutionized our understanding of breast cancer as several different biologically and molecularly distinct diseases. This research has led to commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray tests that have begun to fundamentally change the way medical oncologists quantify recurrence risk in early stage breast cancer patients. The Genomics era has altered the clinicopathologic paradigm of selecting patients for adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy. Sufficiently powered prospective studies are underway that may establish these molecular assays as elements of standard clinical practice in breast cancer treatment. In this article, we review the strengths and limitations of currently available breast cancer-specific molecular tests.
Study on Cleanliness of Diesel Engine (2002)

Cleanliness is one of important factors in improving the quality of diesel engines. This paper analyses main factors that have effects on the cleanliness of diesel engines, and studys how to keep the cleanliness of mass production within limits, in order to guarantee the high quality of diesel engines.
Ligand‐binding specificity of human fibroblast growth factor receptor‐3 IIIc (1997)

Earlier studies indicated that human fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-3 IIIc was activated equally well by both FGF-1 and FGF-2. In contrast, murine FGFR-3 IIIc was preferentially activated by FGF-1. To address this issue, we determined the ligand-binding specificity of human FGFR-3 IIIc in comparison with human FGFR-1 IIIc. By equilibrium binding human FGFR-3 IIIc preferentially bound FGF-1 with high affinity, whereas FGFR-1 IIIc bound both FGF-1 and -2 with high affinity. By competition binding using FGF-1, -2, -4, or -6, FGF-1 competed more efficiently than the other FGFs. These results suggest that like the murine FGFR-3 III, FGF-1 is a preferred ligand for human FGFR-3 IIIc.
Neuron Array With Plastic Synapses and Programmable Dendrites (2013)

We describe a novel neuromorphic chip architecture that models neurons for efficient computation. Traditional architectures of neuron array chips consist of large scale systems that are interfaced with AER for implementing intra- or inter-chip connectivity. We present a chip that uses AER for inter-chip communication but uses fast, reconfigurable FPGA-style routing with local memory for intra-chip connectivity. We model neurons with biologically realistic channel models, synapses and dendrites. This chip is suitable for small-scale network simulations and can also be used for sequence detection, utilizing directional selectivity properties of dendrites, ultimately for use in word recognition.
iMSRC: converting a standard automated microscope into an intelligent screening platform (2015)

Microscopy in the context of biomedical research is demanding new tools to automatically detect and capture objects of interest. The few extant packages addressing this need, however, have enjoyed limited uptake due to complexity of use and installation. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed iMSRC, which combines ease of use and installation with high flexibility and enables applications such as rare event detection and high-resolution tissue sample screening, saving time and resources.
Public-Sector Track (2002)

In this interview with an engineer who has made his career in a public-sector organization, attention is given to the various advantages that such a setting offers. The engineer explains how he chose his career and offers advice to those contemplating such a path. The interview covers compensation and how one can go about achieving a proper balance between home and office. Approaches that public-sector organizations can take to attract and retain engineering talent are outlined.
Can we image beneath salt body? — target‐oriented visibility analysis (2005)

A number of advanced 3‐D prestack depth migration methods have been developed and applied to seismic imaging processing in recent years. But we still fail to obtain good images of some particular subsurface events such as sub‐salt structures, even if the velocity models are true. We propose target‐oriented visibility analysis (TOVA) approach to demonstrate why it is difficult to image these particular events. Two examples, a horizontal layered model and a SEG/EAGE salt model, are shown in this paper. We see that TOVA depends on overburden velocity distribution, acquisition geometry, dip angle and reflectivity of the inter face to be migrated. TOVA is a useful tool to evaluate how various factors affect image qualities, and as well, to improve acquisition geometry and enhance subsalt image.
A fully matched N-way doherty amplifier with optimized linearity (2003)

This paper presents a new fully matched N-way Doherty amplifier. The basic principles of operation and important features are described. For the experimental verification, 2.14-GHz Doherty amplifiers having two-, three-, and four-way structures are implemented using silicon LDMOSFETs and tested using down-link WCDMA signal. The linearity performances of the two-, three-, and four-way Doherty amplifiers are optimized for better efficiency versus linearity by a bias adjustment of the peaking amplifiers. For simultaneously improving the efficiency and linearity to achieve maximum efficiency versus linearity, the gate biases of the peaking amplifiers for the N-way Doherty amplifier are optimized. As a result, the efficiency versus linearity characteristics are drastically improved by N-way extension of the Doherty amplifier.
Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Properties of Li‐Doped (Bi <sub>0.5</sub> Na <sub>0.5</sub> )TiO <sub>3</sub> –(Bi <sub>0.5</sub> K <sub>0.5</sub> )TiO <sub>3</sub> –BaTiO <sub>3</sub> Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics (2010)

The piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of 0.852[Bi 0.5 (Na (1− x ) Li x ) 0.5 ]TiO 3 –0.110(Bi 0.5 K 0.5 )TiO 3 –0.038BaTiO 3 ( x =0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.30, abbreviated as BNKLBT x ) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic processing. X‐ray diffraction on the samples revealed that Li + ions diffused into the Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 lattices (A‐site) and formed a solid solution with a single perovskite structure. All the samples could be sintered at 1160°–1180°C, with the density being on the order of >95% of the theoretical. The ceramics with x =0.10 exhibited the highest properties, with the piezoelectric coefficient being on the order of d 33 =235 pC/N, while the electromechanical coupling factors were found to be k p =0.30 and k t =0.45, respectively. The dielectric, pyroelectric, electromechanical, and ferroelectric behaviors were investigated as a function of temperature. It was found that the depolarization temperature T d showed a strong dependence on the content of Li + addition, shifting to a lower temperature with increasing Li + dopant.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 7/2009 (2009)

Front Cover: The cover picture shows the schematic illustration of the PFP‐HP electrostatic assembly and the chemical structures of PFP and HP. This assembly displays significant enhancement of both one‐ and two‐photon excitation emission of HP via FRET from PFP. Further details can be found in the article by C. Wu and Q.‐H. Xu * on page 504.
Simultaneous Time-lapse Data Acquisition of Active and Passive Seismic Sources at Al Wasse Water Pumping Field in Saudi Arabia (2015)

We developed time-lapse technology using the Accurately Controlled Routinely Operated Signal System (ACROSS) and seismic arrays and carried out field operations at the Al Wasse water pumping field in Saudi Arabia. We analyzed 2 months of data obtained in this field experiment. All of the data from 31 seismic stations showed very clear waveform changes during periods of several days. We also studied seismic interferometry using traffic noise.
DR3: Optimizing Site Selection for Global Load Balance in Application Delivery Controller (2012)

Site selection method determines the best server for a given client among multiple replicated servers deployed at geographically distributed locations. It is an important function of a global load balancing (GLB) system in application delivery controller (ADC) which is usually deployed at the entry of data centers. This paper presents a site selection method based on DNS Reply Race and Reflection (DR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), which achieves higher selection accuracy and incurs less system cost compared with conventional methods as Geo-mapping, Ping and DNS reply race.
NEW USES FOR BENZOYL PEROXIDE: A BROAD‐SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT (1977)

Benzoyl peroxide is a useful agent in the treatment of acne, chronic ulcers, tinea pedis, and tinea versicolor, probably because of its antimicrobial power. 2.5% concentration is almost as active as 5%. Although potential irritancy and allergic reaction have not been a problem on the face, benzoyl peroxide should be used judiciously in chronically inflamed or ulcerated skin. Several potential uses are mentioned.
Isolation and molecular analysis of six taproot expressed genes from sugar beet (2002)

The taproot from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) undergoes a specific developmental process to function as a food storage organ. Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) was utilized for the isolation of cDNA fragments for taproot expressed genes. Isolation and molecular analysis of six cDNAs encoding the complete gene product revealed that these genes comprise homologues of a drought‐inducible linker histone, a homologue of a major latex‐like protein, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase, a putative vacuolar processing enzyme, a thaumatin‐like protein and an alanine‐ and glutamic acid‐rich protein. All genes are transcribed in taproots while transcription in leaves is low or undetectable.
Online Adaptive Compression in Delay Sensitive Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Compression, as a popular technique to reduce data size by exploiting data redundancy, can be used in delay sensitive wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to reduce end-to-end packet delay as it can reduce packet transmission time and contention on the wireless channel. However, the limited computing resources at sensor nodes make the processing time of compression a nontrivial factor in the total delay a packet experiences and must be carefully examined when adopting compression. In this paper, we first study the effect of compression on data gathering in WSNs under a practical compression algorithm. We observe that compression does not always reduce packet delay in a WSN as commonly perceived, whereas its effect is jointly determined by the network configuration and hardware configuration. Based on this observation, we then design an adaptive algorithm to make online decisions such that compression is only performed when it can benefit the overall performance. We implement the algorithm in a completely distributed manner that utilizes only local information of individual sensor nodes. Our extensive experimental results show that the algorithm demonstrates good adaptiveness to network dynamics and maximizes compression benefit.
Relationships between the Elemental Composition of Electrolytes and the Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub> (2019)

The adsorptive and energetic performances for supercapacitive swing adsorption of CO2 from 15% CO2/85% N2 gas mixtures in the presence of different 1.0 M aqueous electrolytes with variable cations (LiCl, KCl, MgCl2) and anions (NaF, NaBr, NaHCO3, Na2SO4) relative to 1.0 M NaCl as benchmark were determined. The adsorption and energetics for all investigated electrolytes are surprisingly similar; however, there is a somewhat greater dependence on the anions compared to the cations. The combination of the best-performing cation (Mg2+) and anion (Br–) in an MgBr2 electrolyte led to best synergistic behavior and overall best performance. In addition, seawater was also found a suitable electrolyte performing similarly to the pure salt electrolytes. The results indicate that the liquid–solid mechanism of CO2 adsorption occurs primarily at the positive electrode.
Conductivity of crosslinked poly(epichlorohydrin‐<i>co</i>‐(ethylene oxide)‐<i>co</i>‐(allyl glycidyl ether)) compositions under ambient circumstances for its application to an electrophotographic system (2005)

Abstract Terpolymers were synthesized by copolymerization of epichlorohydrin with ethylene oxide (EO) and allyl glycidyl ether. The terpolymers were crosslinked by sulfur curing. Conductivity of the crosslinked terpolymer compositions was investigated for application to an electrophotographic system. The composition containing 71 mol % EO units in the terpolymer gave high and stable conductivity over a wide range from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity conditions. The conductivity of crosslinked terpolymer composition satisfied Ohm's law against the applied voltage from 10 to 1000 V, which is necessary for the electrophotographic system. The conductivity increased by the addition of a small amount of electrolyte. The staining ascribable to the migration of electrolyte was not observed, when 3 parts per hundred rubber by weight of octadecyltrimethylammonium perchlorate was doped to the crosslinked terpolymer composition whose EO content in the terpolymer was 71 mol %. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 825–830, 2005
Low-Pass Filtering SC-DAC for Reduced Jitter and Slewing Requirements on CTSDMs (2018)

In this paper, a technique is introduced that improves the performance of one-bit continuous-time sigma delta modulators (CTSDMs) using a low-pass filtering switched capacitor digital to analog converter (LPSC-DAC). This DAC effectively combines an infinite impulse response filter with a switched capacitor resistor DAC (SCR-DAC). The resulting DAC is inherently immune toward inter-symbol interference. Moreover, by filtering the feedback signal in the discrete-time domain, the jitter robustness of the modulator is greatly improved and most importantly the slewing requirements on the OpAmps in the modulator's loop filter are greatly relaxed up to a level that the OpAmps can be scaled down toward their ultimate noise limited power level. Furthermore, this LPSC-DAC does not suffer from the SCR-DAC's disadvantageous trade-off between the modulator's jitter, slewing, and anti-aliasing performance. We also show how to compensate for the extra pole of the LPSC-DAC, such that the CTSDM's loop filter, noise- and signal-transfer function remains unchanged. As a result, this technique is completely transparent to the system level designer and established system-level design techniques for sigma delta modulators remain applicable.
[Use of bacteriophages as selective factors in bacteriological diagnosis of mixed infections]. (1996)

A new method is proposed for detecting aerobic and anaerobic bacteria during diagnostic culturing by exposure of mixed microorganism populations to bacteriophages. By lysing homologous bacteria, the phages facilitate the detection and isolation of associates resistant to them in pure cultures. The proposed method is compared with the selective media techniques and a conclusion is made on the advantages of selective decontamination of biological samples by bacteriophages in experiments and diagnostic culturing of material from patients with pyo-inflammatory processes.