gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variants Associated With Neurodegenerative Diseases Regulate Gene Expression in Immune Cell CD14+ Monocytes (2018)

Until now, large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified 94 genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis showed that six genetic variants around six of these 94 genes could drive both disease susceptibility and altered expression of six nearby genes including CD33 (rs3865444), PILRB (rs1476679), NUP160 (rs10838725), LRRK2 (rs76904798), RGS1 (rs1323292), and METTL21B (rs701006). However, two of these six genetic variants rs1476679 and rs76904798 variants could regulate the expression of PILRB and LRRK2 only in the human monocyte-derived microglia-like (MDMi) cells, but not in human peripheral blood monocytes. Here, we aim to verify these findings using another two eQTL datasets in human peripheral blood immune cell CD14+ monocytes. The results that showed that rs1476679 and rs76904798 variants or their proxy variants could significantly regulate the expression of PILRB and LRRK2 in immune cell CD14+ monocytes and human peripheral blood. We believe that these findings provide important supplementary information about the regulatory mechanisms by which both variants influence PILRB and LRRK2 gene expression and neurodegenerative disease risk.
<i>CoxNet</i>: A Computation Reuse Architecture at the Edge (2021)

In recent years, edge computing has emerged as an effective solution to extend cloud computing and satisfy the demand of applications for low latency. However, with today's explosion of innovative applications (<i>e.g.,</i> augmented reality, natural language processing, virtual reality), processing services for mobile and smart devices have become computation-intensive, consisting of multiple interconnected computations. This coupled with the need for delay-sensitivity and high quality of service put massive pressure on edge servers. Meanwhile, tasks invoking these services may involve similar inputs that could lead to the same output. In this paper, we present <i>CoxNet</i>, an efficient computation reuse architecture for edge computing. <i>CoxNet</i> enables edge servers to reuse previous computations while scheduling dependent incoming computations. We provide an analytical model for computation reuse joined with dependent task offloading and design a novel computing offloading scheduling scheme. We also evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of <i>CoxNet</i> via synthetic and real-world datasets. Our results show that <i>CoxNet</i> is able to reduce the task execution time up to 66% based on a synthetic dataset and up to 50% based on a real-world dataset.
Zn2+ permeates Ca2+permeable AMPA/kainate channels and triggers selective neural injury (1995)

Brief exposures of cortical cultures to kainate (100 mu M) plus Zn(2+) (300 mu M) cause fluorescence of the Zn(2+) sensitive dye, TS-Q, to appear in virtually all neurons, probably reflecting depolarization and secondary Zn(2+) permeation through voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels. However, if Na+ ions are removed from the media (to prevent depolarization), prominent TS-Q fluorescence is still observed in the small subset of neurons labeled by kainate stimulated Co(2+) uptake (Co(2+)(+) neurons), a histochemical technique that identifies neurons expressing Ca(2+) permeable AMPA/kainate receptor-gated channels. Kainate/Zn(2+) exposures in Na+ containing media with lower (50-100 mu M) Zn(2+) concentrations resulted 24 h later in selective loss of the Co(2+)(+) neurons, suggesting that these channels may permit particularly high rates of Zn(2+) passage. Thus, direct permeation of synaptically released Zn(2+) through Ca(2+) permeable AMPA/kainate channels could contribute to selective degeneration of neurons in disease as well as subserving physiological signaling functions.
Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Fluxon Logic (2019)

In a previous paper, we described a new abstract circuit model for reversible computation called asynchronous ballistic reversible computing (ABRC), in which localized information-bearing pulses propagate ballistically along signal paths between stateful abstract devices and elastically scatter off those devices serially, while updating the device state in a logically-reversible and deterministic fashion. The ABRC model has been shown to be capable of universal computation. In the research reported here, we begin exploring how the ABRC model might be realized in practice using single flux quantum solitons (fluxons) in superconducting Josephson junction (JJ) circuits. One natural family of realizations could utilize fluxon polarity to represent binary data in individual pulses propagating near-ballistically, along discrete or continuous long Josephson junctions or microstrip passive transmission lines, and utilize the flux charge (-1, 0, +1) of a JJ-containing superconducting loop with Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> <; I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> L <; 2Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> to encode a ternary state variable internal to a device. A natural question then arises as to which of the definable abstract ABRC device functionalities using this data representation might be implementable using a JJ circuit that dissipates only a small fraction of the input fluxon energy. We discuss conservation rules and symmetries considered as constraints to be obeyed in these circuits, and begin the process of classifying the possible ABRC devices in this family having up to three bidirectional I/O terminals, and up to three internal states.
Chlorhexidine Compared with Povidone-Iodine Solution for Vascular Catheter–Site Care (2002)

These results suggest that incidence of bloodstream infections is significantly reduced in patients with central vascular lines who receive chlorhexidine gluconate versus povidone-iodine for insertion-site skin disinfection. Use of chlorhexidine gluconate is a simple and effective means of reducing vascular catheter-related infections.
Mono- and bisfunctionalization of fullerenes with N-containing reactants (1998)

The thermolysis of sulfonyl azides in the presence of fullerenes leads to azafulleroids with a 1,6-opened structure. The corresponding 1,2-closed aziridinofullerenes are obtained from the azafulleroids by irradiation, probably via a di-pi-methane rearrangement. The photoreactions of 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (NMTAD) with two isomeric [60]fullerene-derivatives have been studied. In both cases the formation of the same cycloadduct is observed which indicates that at a certain stage rearrangements must be involved.
Prediction of Dental Caries Development in 1-Year-Old Children (1995)

Dietary habits, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure and occurrence of mutans streptococci were studied in 1-year-old children (n = 786) as well as the socio-economic and immigrant background of their parents. The purpose was to evaluate the predictive ability of variables studied in 1-year-old children that could be used to identify children at risk for early caries development. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the variables significantly associated with caries at 3.5 years of age were immigrant background (p < 0.001), mother's education (p < 0.001), consumption of sugar-containing beverages (p < 0.001), mutans streptococci (p < 0.05) and candy (p < 0.05). The probability of caries development was 87% when all the variables associated with caries were present at 1 year of age. The relative risk (odds ratio) of those children to develop manifest caries at 3.5 years of age was estimated to be 32 times higher than in the children where corresponding risk factors were not present. The results indicate that prediction at 1 year of age, built on risk factors associated with dental caries, can provide an indication of possible preventive interventions.
Influenza Virus A M2 Protein Generates Negative Gaussian Membrane Curvature Necessary for Budding and Scission (2013)

The M2 protein is a multifunctional protein, which plays several roles in the replication cycle of the influenza A virus. Here we focus on its ability to promote budding of the mature virus from the cell surface. Using high-resolution small-angle X-ray scattering we show that M2 can restructure lipid membranes into bicontinuous cubic phases which are rich in negative Gaussian curvature (NGC). The active generation of negative Gaussian membrane curvature by M2 is essential to influenza virus budding. M2 has been observed to colocalize with the region of high NGC at the neck of a bud. The structural requirements for scission are even more stringent than those for budding, as the neck must be considerably smaller than the virus during 'pinch off'. Consistent with this, the amount of NGC in the induced cubic phases suggests that M2 proteins can generate high curvatures comparable to those on a neck with size 10× smaller than a spherical influenza virus. Similar experiments on variant proteins containing different M2 domains show that the cytoplasmic amphipathic helix is necessary and sufficient for NGC generation. Mutations to the helix which reduce its amphiphilicity and are known to diminish budding attenuated NGC generation. An M2 construct comprising the membrane interactive domains, the transmembrane helix and the cytoplasmic helix, displayed enhanced ability to generate NGC, suggesting that other domains cooperatively promote membrane curvature. These studies establish the importance of M2-induced NGC during budding and suggest that antagonizing this curvature is a viable anti-influenza strategy.
Semantic monitoring mechanisms dedicated to security monitoring in IaaS cloud (2017)

L’introspection de machine virtuelle (VM) consiste a superviser les etats et les activites de celles-ci depuis la couche de virtualisation, tirant ainsi avantage de son emplacement qui offre a la fois une bonne visibilite des etats et des activites des VMs ainsi qu’une bonne isolation de ces dernieres. Cependant, les etats et les activites des VMs a superviser sont vus par la couche de virtualisation comme une suite binaire de bits et d’octets en plus des etats des ressources virtuelles. L’ecart entre la vue brute disponible a la couche de virtualisation et celle necessaire pour la supervision de securite des VMs constitue un challenge pour l’introspection appele « le fosse semantique ». Pour obtenir des informations semantiques sur les etats et les activites des VMs a fin de superviser leur securite, nous presentons dans cette these un ensemble de techniques base sur l’analyse binaire et la reutilisation du code binaire du noyau d’une VM. Ces techniques permettent d’identifier les adresses et les noms de la plupart des fonctions noyau d’une VM puis de les instrumenter (intercepter, appeler et analyser) pour franchir le fosse semantique de maniere automatique et efficiente meme dans les cas des optimisations du compilateur et de la randomisation de l’emplacement du code noyau dans la memoire de la VM.
Control development for floating wind (2014)

Control of a floating wind turbine has proven to be challenging, but essential for lowering the cost of floating wind energy. Topic of a recent joint R&D project by GustoMSC, MARIN and ECN, is the concept design and verification with coupled simulations and model tests of the GustoMSC Tri-Floater. Only using an integral design approach, including mooring and control design, a cost effective system can be obtained. In this project, ECN developed a general floating wind turbine control strategy and applied this in a case study to the GustoMSC Tri-Floater and the OC3Hywind spar, both equipped with the NREL 5MW RWT. The designed controller ensures stable operation, while maintaining proper speed and power regulation. The motions of the floating support are reduced and substantial load reduction has been achieved.
Bioengineered heparin (2014)

Heparin is a widely used drug for the control of blood coagulation. The majority of heparin that is produced commercially is derived from animal sources, is poly-disperse in nature and therefore ill-defined in structure. This makes regulation of heparin challenging with respect to identifying its absolute structural identity, purity, and efficacy. This raises the question as to whether there might be alternative methods of producing commercial grade heparin. The commentary highlights ways that we might manufacture heparin using bioengineering approaches to yield a successful therapeutic replacement for animal-derived heparin in the future.
Multilingual query by example spoken term detection for under-resourced languages (2013)

We propose a query-by-example approach to multilingual Spoken Term Detection for under-resourced languages based on Automatic Speech Recognition. The approach overcomes the main difficulties met under these conditions, i.e., providing a new method for building multilingual acoustic models with few annotated data and searching in approximate Automatic Speech Recognition transcriptions providing high scalability. The acoustic models are obtained by adapting well-trained phonemes to the ones from the envisaged languages. The mapping is made according to International Phonetic Alphabet phoneme classification and a confusion matrix. The weighting of query length and alignment spread are incorporated in the Dynamic Time Warping technique to improve the searching method. Experimental validation was conducted on a standard data set consisting of 3 hours of mixed African languages. The recorded speech has telephonic quality and it is a mix of read and spontaneous speech.
High-Throughput Screening with Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity-Based Fluorescence Polarization Detection, A Homogeneous Assay for Protein Kinases (2003)

Protein kinases are one of the most important target classes in high-throughput screening today. The use of generic assay technologies facilitates assay development for new targets and decreases the time needed for implementation of assays in robotic screening. For tyrosine kinases, several generic assay technology platforms are available. These technologies make use of high-affinity antibodies that discriminate between phosphorylated tyrosines and non-phosphorylated tyrosines. Similar generic antibodies specific for phosphoserine or phosphothreonine are lacking. Recently, a non-antibody-based fluorescence polarization assay for protein kinases has become available, called IMAP (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). In this assay, a fluorescently labeled peptide substrate that is phosphorylated by kinase is captured on metal-derivatized nanoparticles. We have evaluated IMAP in high-throughput screening, and compared this technology with a competition fluorescence polarization immunoassay based on an antibody specific for a phosphorylated peptide substrate. A random collection of >250000 compounds was screened with the two assays. Fluorescent library compounds were identified by calculation of fluorescence intensity values from the screening data, and by assaying in the absence of fluorescent reagents. Fluorescence polarization artifacts were filtered out further by testing in an ELISA-based kinase assay. Our data show that IMAP is a robust technology for high-throughput screening of kinase targets, and suggest that it is less susceptible to fluorescence polarization artifacts than the competition fluorescence polarization immunoassay.
Accelerating fluorescent sensor discovery: unbiased screening of a diversity-oriented BODIPY library (2010)

Herein, we report the first systematic and unbiased evaluation of the BODIPY fluorophore library against a wide panel of biologically relevant molecules, and discoveries of 2 novel fluorescent probes for BSA and dopamine.
Toward characterizing the size of microscopic optical absorbers using optoacoustic emission spectroscopy (2010)

To assess the malignancy and progression of a tumour, parameters such as the size and number density of the
microvessels are expected to be important. The optical absorption due to the blood that fills the microvessels can be
visualised by optoacoustic imaging (OA). We have previously reported that increasing the inhomogeneity of absorption
within a large absorbing volume produces evidence of reduced acoustic coherence which results in improved contrast
and boundary detectability. Here we propose to take advantage of the expectation that the detailed nature of the
inhomogeneity should influence the frequency spectrum of the OA signal. The overall aim of this work is to determine
whether an analysis of the frequency spectrum of the emitted optoacoustic signal can be used to determine the scale of
this absorption inhomogeneity, in particular parameters such as the characteristic size and separation of the absorbers
(microvessels). In the preliminary study reported here, various gelatine-intralipid phantoms containing cylindrical wallless
tubes filled with an ink solution were measured in water with a linear array ultrasound detector, using pulsedillumination
that had been adjusted for an optimal distribution of light fluence with depth. Simulations of the
experiments were also conducted, using a time domain acoustic propagation method. The results confirm that
optoacoustic signals bear information on the sizes and distribution of the absorbers in their frequency spectra. It is shown
that a simple way to determine the diameter of a single cylindrical absorber is to estimate the quefrency of the peak in the
cepstrum of the measured signal. Further work is proposed to extend this to the statistical estimation of mean diameter
and mean separation for an ensemble of similar absorbers and to absorbers with a diameter that is smaller than the axial
resolution of the acoustic receiver.
Efficient direct seawater electrolysers using selective alkaline NiFe-LDH as OER catalyst in asymmetric electrolyte feeds (2020)

Increasing the performance of seawater electrolyser and enabling direct natural seawater feed by asymmetric electrolyte flow scheme.
6-Demethoxythebaine and its conversion to analgesics of the 6,14-ethenomorphinan type (1981)

The 6-demethoxy analogue of thebaine has been easily prepared from codeine via isocodeine and its sulfenate ester. This diene, 7, readily undergoes reaction with vinyl ketones to afford Diels-Alder adducts of the 6,14-ethenomorphinan type. Further reactions afford the epimeric 19(R)- and 19(S)-butyl-6-demethoxy-7 alpha-orvinols (16). Pharmacological testing shows the R diastereomer to be highly analgesic and the s diastereomer to be a much less potent agonist, with similar potencies and relationships as found in the corresponding oripavine series. Thus, any hydrogen bonding between the 6-methoxyl group and the tertiary alcohol can be eliminated as contributory to either the activity of, or difference between the epimeric orvinols.
The value of medical imaging techniques in the diagnosis of extra-ocular extension of malign melanoma of the choroid: a case report. (1993)

The major goal in the evaluation of posterior uveal tumours is to determine whether an intra-ocular malignancy is present and whether intervention is necessary. Small uveal pigmented tumours can safely be managed by observation until growth is documented. However, extensive evaluation for each suspicious lesion is necessary in order not to miss any signs of malignancy. A case is presented of a 41 year old male patient with orbital pain as initial symptom of a choroidal melanoma. Fluorescein-angiography revealed signs of double circulation. Abnormal choroidal vessels inside the tumour showed up clearly on indocyanine-green angiography. By ultrasonography we were able to detect scleral perforation and extra-scleral extension. Computed tomography confirmed the extra-scleral extension. As there were no signs of metastasis, an orbital exenteration with sparing of the eyelids was performed. Histopathology is compared with the results of clinical investigation.
An efficient uniform cost algorithm applied to distance transforms (1989)

The uniform-cost algorithm is a special case of the A*-algorithm for finding the shortest paths in graphs. In the uniform-cost algorithm, nodes are expanded in order of increasing cost. An efficient version of this algorithm is developed for integer cost values. Nodes are sorted by storing them at predefined places (bucket sort), keeping the overhead low. The algorithm is applied to general distance transformation. A constrained distance transform is an operation which calculates at each pixel of an image the distance to the nearest pixel of a reference set, distance being defined as minimum path length. The uniform-cost algorithm, in the constrained case, proves to be the best solution for distance transformation. It is fast, the processing time is independent of the complexity of the image, and memory requirements are moderate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
pH Effect on an Ionic Ferrofluid: Evidence of a Thixotropic Magnetic Phase (1999)

We investigate the stability of aqueous colloidal dispersions of ionic magnetic nanoparticules as a function of pH. The charge of the γ-Fe2O3 particles is modified, and as a consequence, the interparticle interactions may be tuned through pH variations. Scanning the whole pH scale from acidic to alkaline medium, different states are observed for the dispersion: sol, thixotropic gel, and floc (around the point of zero charge). Using the dynamic magnetooptical properties of the magnetic grains, we locally probe the sols and the thixotropic gels. A steep increase of the characteristic time of birefringence relaxation, in the sol phase close to pHGel, marks a divergence of the macroscopic viscosity at the gel point, compatible with a percolation theory. A temporal study of the regeneration of shaken gels reveals that, in these thixotropic systems, the process is dominated by a cluster aggregation on a sample-spanning one, with an energy barrier to overcome, compatible with chemical measurements.
Arcing and Spacing Requirements for High Voltage Printed Circuit Boards (2015)

The electronic hardware miniaturization trend continues unabated. The reduced feature spacing expose the high voltage power supply circuits to arcing. The power MOSFET gate to drain and the drain to source lead gaps are narrow enough for zinc whiskers emanating from under the raised floor zinc plated tiles to arc across the MOSFET leads. Arcing can also occur because of paper cellulose fibers and dust in high relative humidity environments. The physics of arcing will be presented. Paschen’s law of arcing will be described; it will be shown how the law led to a novel way of testing power supplies for propensity to arcing. Examples of application of the test, called the partial vacuum test, to power supplies will be described. Testing the integrity of conformal coating is one useful application of the partial vacuum test. A novel zinc whisker spray test, developed to determine the spacing required to avoid arcing between features at high electric potential between them, will be described and its results will be presented that verify the UL feature spacing guidelines.