gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-twist retarders for broadband polarization transformation (2012)

We introduce a family of broadband retarders, comprised of a low number of twisted nematic liquid crystal layers, that accomplishes well-controlled polarization transformation for nearly any bandwidth desired. For example, we show that broadband linear to circular polarization conversion can be achieved with only two twist layers where the performance matches the popular three-waveplate approach by Pancharatnam. Using liquid crystal polymers on a single substrate, we show how these multi-twist retarders are embodied as a monolithic birefringent plate with excellent performance and potentially very low cost.
Outer Membrane Proteins PI and P2 of Haemophilus influenzae Type b: Structure and Identification of Surface-Exposed Epitopes (1992)

The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) P1 and P2 of Haemophilus influenzae type b exhibit molecular size and antigenic variation. Their structural genes have been cloned from prototype isolates of the most common disease-producing clonal groups. The derived amino acid sequences of P1 from strains of OMP subtypes 1H, 3L, and 6U have three variable regions between highly conserved regions. An immunodominant surface-exposed epitope was identified near the carboxyl terminus of P1 proteins from subtype 1H and 3L strains. The P2 genes from subtype 1H, 1L, and 3L isolates were identical. The P2 gene sequence from a subtype 6U isolate differs from the subtype 1H P2 gene by 13 nucleotides, resulting in 10 amino acid changes. The P2 gene from a subtype 2L isolate differs by 1 nucleotide from the subtype 1H P2 gene, resulting in 1 amino acid change at position 166. Two surface-exposed epitopes of OMP P2 were identified, one each between residues 158 and 174 and residues 319 and 341.
Wide range of Schottky barrier height for metal contacts to GaAs controlled by Si interface layers (1988)

Metal (Au, Cr, and Ti) contacts to n-type (100) GaAs are described in which the Schottky barrier height φB is controlled by using a very thin Si interface layer to influence the interface Fermi energy EiF. The contact structure consists of a thick metal and an ∼15–30 Å Si interface layer that is heavily either p-type or n-type. A large 1 eV φB is found for the metal–Si(p-type)–GaAs structure and a small 0.5 eV φB for the metal–Si(n-type)–GaAs structure. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was used to obtain EiF and interface composition during initial contact formation; the φB for the thick contacts was measured by I–V and C–V techniques.
New, Potent, Selective, and Short-Acting Peptidic V<sub>1a</sub>Receptor Agonists (2011)

[Arg(8)]vasopressin (AVP) produces vasoconstriction via V(1a) receptor (V(1a)R)-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and is being used to increase blood pressure in septic shock, a form of vasodilatory hypotension. However, AVP also induces V(2) receptor (V(2)R)-mediated antidiuresis, vasodilation, and coagulation factor release, all deleterious in septic shock. The V(1a)R agonist terlipressin (H-Gly(3)[Lys(8)]VP) also lacks selectivity vs the V(2)R and has sizably longer duration of action than AVP, preventing rapid titration of its vasopressor effect in the clinic. We designed and synthesized new short acting V(1a)R selective analogues of general structure [Xaa(2),Ile(3),Yaa(4),Zaa(8)]VP. The most potent and selective compounds in in vitro functional assays (e.g., [Phe(2),Ile(3),Asn(Me(2))(4),Orn(8)]VP (31), [Phe(2),Ile(3),Asn((CH(2))(3)OH)(4),Orn(8)]VP (34), [Phe(2),Ile(3),Hgn(4),Orn(iPr)(8)]VP (45), [Phe(2),Ile(3),Asn(Et)(4),Dab(8)]VP (49), [Thi(2),Ile(3),Orn(iPr)(8)]VP (59), [Cha(2),Ile(3),Asn(4),Orn(iPr)(8)]VP (68)) were tested by intravenous bolus in rats for duration of vasopressive action. Analogues 31, 34, 45, and 49 were as short-acting as AVP. Compound 45, FE 202158, is currently undergoing clinical trials in septic shock.
Perceptual similarity based robust low-complexity video fingerprinting (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel video fingerprinting algorithm which leverages the concept of perceptual similarity between different video sequences. Inspired by the popular structural similarity (SSIM) index, we quantify the perceptual similarity between different video sequences by proposing a perceptual distance metric (PDM) which is utilized in the matching stage of our proposed video fingerprinting algorithm. PDM requires very simple features, viz., block means and therefore has extremely low complexity in both the feature extraction part, as well as during the matching stage. We also show how to use an order statistic in the proposed distance measure to improve the system performance for localized block-based artifacts such as the logo artifact. Simulation results for the proposed fingerprinting algorithm show significant gains over other video fingerprinting techniques on different video datasets for numerous heavy video artifacts.
Three new algorithms for dipmeter processing plus finding interpretation patterns (1996)

Dipmeter processing algorithms can be divided into three groups: interval correlation, event correlation, and point-to-point correlation. Interval correlation is well known. Event correlation first finds reasonable events on the curves, which more or less agree with visual analysis. The correlation is then done on curve intervals containing the events. Point-to-point correlation usually uses bed boundaries (resistivity in flection points). The correlations are found in this case by matching bed boundaries. The algorithms of all of the three, groups have been de scribed in papers and patents.
A wave powered profiler for long term monitoring (2002)

The collection of periodic profiles of oceanographic data at specific sites is a critical component of oceanographic monitoring programs. Typically, this type of work is completed by lowering instrumentation from ships but the cost of these operations has often meant that the temporal and spatial coverage of these surveys is less than ideal. As an alternative, moored profilers have been developed but the energy required to move a substantial package up and down a mooring wire can represent a major limitation. A simple, economical and autonomous device to accomplish the task of completing a large number of profiles in a moored or drifting configuration has been developed at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. This system overcomes the limitation of previous self-contained profiling devices by deriving the power needed to move vertically in the water column from the energy of surface waves. A one way clamp provides the mechanism by which wave action acting on a surface float sends a buoyant instrument package down a mooring line. Once at the bottom and when a profile is desired, the clamp is released allowing the instrument to float to the surface. Some data from field trials as well a description of the principle of operation of the device are presented.
Generalized max-min rate allocation: Theory and a simple implementation (2000)

An important concept in the available bit rate (ABR) service model is the minimum cell rate (MCR) guarantee as well as the peak cell rate (PCR) constraint for each flow. Due to the MCR and PCR requirements, the well-known max-min rate allocation policy no longer suffices to determine the rate allocation for each flow since it does not support either MCR or PCR. In this paper, we present a generalized max-min (GMM) rate allocation policy, which supports both the MCR and PCR requirements for each flow. Furthermore, a simple distributed algorithm using the ABR flow control protocol is developed to achieve the GMM rate allocation in a distributed network environment. The effectiveness of this distributed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation results.
Supercell dither masks with constrained blue noise interpolation (2001)

When halftoning images using dither halftoning algorithms, traditional clustered dot dither algorithms trade off cluster cell size versus the number of gray levels. Supercell clustered dot dither algorithms are used to obtain a small cluster cell size while allowing a large number of gray levels to be rendered. However, commonly used supercell clustered dot dither algorithms have unpleasant patterns at certain gray levels. We present an algorithm to use constrained blue noise to correct such unpleasant patterns. We also illustrate how this algorithm can generate nonlinear dither masks which can compensate for dot gain without the use of a separate tone reproduction curve.
Supplemental L-Arginine Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Broilers (1995)

The incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS; ascites) was evaluated in two experiments using broiler breeder male by-product chicks exposed after 3 wk of age to cool environmental temperatures (10 to 15 C). In Experiment 1, 3- to 6-wk-old birds were fed a grower diet to which 0 (Control), .25, .5, or 1% supplemental L-arginine HCl had been added. During Weeks 7 to 8, all groups in Experiment 1 were fed a finisher diet containing no supplemental arginine. In Experiment 2, the Control group received no supplemental arginine, a second group was fed a grower diet supplemented with 1% L-arginine HCl (Weeks 3 to 6), and a third group was fed grower and finisher diets supplemented with 1% L-arginine HCl (Weeks 3 to 8). Cumulative PHS mortality was significantly reduced by 1% L-arginine HCl on Days 34 to 46 in Experiment 1. When data from all birds fed grower or finisher diets supplemented with 1% L-arginine HCl were pooled in Experiment 2, cumulative PHS mortality was marginally lower (P = .065) than for the Control group. Supplemental L-arginine HCl had no effect on final body weights, weight gain, or feed conversion in either experiment. Neither body weight on Day 1 or 21 nor net weight gain from Days 1 to 21 determined susceptibility to PHS during the subsequent grower and finisher intervals in either experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lightweight proppants for deep gas-well stimulation. First annual report, July 1979-July 1980 (1981)

Existing high strength proppants have desirable strength characteristics for propping deep hydraulic fractures, but also have high specific gravities when compared to sand. The high specific gravity necessitates high viscosity fracturing fluids and/or high pumping rates, along with low proppant concentration, which make fracture control and high conductivity fractures difficult to obtain. Theoretical stress and strength analyses of the proppants suggest that hollow spheres, as well as porous high purity ceramics, offer an alternative to dense bauxite proppants. Several novel ceramics, with specific gravities lower than conventional bauxite, are recommended for further evaluation in massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF).
Enhanced Sensitivity of a Second Generation ELISA for Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus (1992)

A second generation ELISA for combined detection of antibodies to three hepatitis C virus (HCV) recombinant proteins, i.e. C100, C33c and core, was compared with a first generation anti-HCV ELISA in which only antibodies to C100 are detected. The results of the ELISAs were evaluated in 225 haemophilia patients (panel A) and 44 patients with non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis (panel B). HCV infection was established by cDNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (in panel B only) and by studying the anti-HCV reaction patterns in 4 separate ELISAs for detection of antibodies to the recombinant proteins C100, C33c, core and a combination of two synthetic peptides sp67/65 derived from the C100 region. The sensitivity for the detection of HCV infection had increased from 0.92[95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87-0.95] to 1.00 (95% CI: 0.89-1.00) in haemophiliacs and from 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66-0.95) to 1.00 (95% CI: 0.89-1.00) in NANB hepatitis patients when the second generation ELISA was used instead of the first generation ELISA. Concurrently the chance of a false negative result was reduced in panel A and B from 0.37 to 0 and from 0.28 to 0, respectively. Analysis of anti-HCV reaction patterns revealed that 172 of 206 (83.5%) anti-HCV ELISA-reactive haemophilia patients had antibodies to all 4 antigens tested. In the NANB hepatitis patients 18 of 31 (58.1%) anti-HCV ELISA-reactive subjects reacted with 4 antigens. In the PCR tested panel of NANB hepatitis patients 2 subjects who showed antibody reactivity to only one antigen and 5 patients with reactivity to 2 antigens were PCR-positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wear and Friction Properties of Mg&ndash;Zn&ndash;Y Alloy with Dispersion of Quasi-Crystalline Phase (2013)

The wear and friction properties of the Mg–Zn–Y alloys with a dispersion of the quasi-crystalline phase were investigated using the pin-on-disk configuration. The wear loss rates and the friction coefficient were obtained to be 1.95 × 10−5 mm3/mm and 0.26 in the casted alloy, 1.75 × 10−5 mm3/mm and 0.24 in the heat-treated alloy, 2.40 × 10−5 mm3/mm and 0.24 in the extruded alloy, respectively, under the dry wear condition. An effective method to enhance the wear properties in the magnesium alloys was determined to be a homogenous distribution of the quasi-crystalline phase in the coarse-grained matrix. Meanwhile, the grain refinement was not suitable due to grain boundary sliding, i.e., materials softening.
A Predictive Block Based DC Offset for H.264/AVC Video Coding (2010)

Video coding standard H.264/AVC employs transform coding to explore spatial correlation in inter picture prediction residue. This paper presents a block based DC offset to further explore the correlation in spatially neighboring blocks and provides H.264/AVC an enhanced coding efficiency performance. The proposed method applies DC offset to inter picture prediction residue, and encodes the offset compensated residual signal. The DC offset is derived from reconstructed residue in neighboring blocks. No additional bits are required for the DC offset representation. Simulation results report that the proposed method yields an average of 2.67% bit rate reduction for high resolution video over the H.264 baseline profile.
Full-Duplex Digital Communication on a Single Laser Beam (2006)

A proposed free-space optical communication system would operate in a full-duplex mode, using a single constant-power laser beam for transmission and reception of binary signals at both ends of the free-space optical path. The system was conceived for two-way data communication between a ground station and a spacecraft in a low orbit around the Earth. It has been estimated that in this application, a data rate of 10 kb/s could be achieved at a ground-station-to-spacecraft distance of 320 km, using a laser power of only 100 mW. The basic system concept is also applicable to terrestrial free-space optical communications. The system (see figure) would include a diode laser at one end of the link (originally, the ground station) and a liquid-crystal- based retroreflecting modulator at the other end of the link (originally, the spacecraft). At the laser end, the beam to be transmitted would be made to pass through a quarter-wave plate, which would convert its linear polarization to right circular polarization. For transmission of data from the laser end to the retroreflector end, the laser beam would be modulated with subcarrier phase-shift keying (SC-PSK). The transmitted beam would then pass through an aperture- sharing element (ASE) - basically, a mirror with a hole in it, used to separate the paths of the transmitted and received light beams. The transmitted beam would continue outward through a telescope (which, in the original application, would be equipped with a spacecraft-tracking system) that would launch the transmitted beam along the free-space optical path to the retroreflector end.
An Efficient Benchtop System for Multigram-Scale Kinetic Resolutions Using Aldolase Antibodies (2000)

The preparative scale kinetic resolution of racemic aldols 1-4 using aldolase antibodies 38C2 (Aldrich no. 47995-0) and 84G3 (Aldrich no. 52785-8) is described. These reactions use a biphasic aqueous/organic solvent system that allows the catalyst to be reused. Reaction scales range from miligrams to grams, with 0.0086 to 0.12 mol% of antibody binding sites. Because antibodies 38C2 and 84G3 have opposite enantioselectivities, both aldol product enantiomers are accessible by kinetic resolution.
Designing Energy-Efficient Data Center Networks Using Space-Time Optical Interconnection Architectures (2013)

This paper considers a space-time interconnection architecture (STIA) based on optical devices and proposes its introduction in data center networks. The power consumption of the STIA is modeled, accounting for the energy proportionality of the optical devices in the STIA. Using such a model, a STIA-based network is designed using three different topologies, tree, folded Clos, and flattened butterfly, and optimized for power efficiency. Results show that, for a fixed topology, small-size STIAs are an energy-efficient solution for data center networks and allow a power reduction of more than an order of magnitude with respect to the Ethernet-based network. The comparison for the same bisection bandwidth shows that folded Clos and flattened butterfly outperform tree, whose power consumption is strongly dependent on the oversubscription ratio selected.
Control-flow integrity (2005)

Current software attacks often build on exploits that subvert machine-code execution. The enforcement of a basic safety property, Control-Flow Integrity (CFI), can prevent such attacks from arbitrarily controlling program behavior. CFI enforcement is simple, and its guarantees can be established formally even with respect to powerful adversaries. Moreover, CFI enforcement is practical: it is compatible with existing software and can be done efficiently using software rewriting in commodity systems. Finally, CFI provides a useful foundation for enforcing further security policies, as we demonstrate with efficient software implementations of a protected shadow call stack and of access control for memory regions.
The Proline-Rich Region of Pneumococcal Surface Proteins A and C Contains Surface-Accessible Epitopes Common to All Pneumococci and Elicits Antibody-Mediated Protection against Sepsis (2010)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and PspC of Streptococcus pneumoniae are surface virulence proteins that interfere with complement deposition and elicit protective immune responses. The C-terminal halves of PspA and PspC have some structural similarity and contain highly cross-reactive proline-rich (PR) regions. In many PR regions of PspA and PspC, there exists an almost invariant nonproline block (NPB) of about 33 amino acids. Neither the PR regions nor their NPB exhibit the alpha-helical structure characteristic of much of the protection-eliciting N-terminal portions of PspA and PspC. Prior studies of PspA and PspC as immunogens focused primarily on the alpha-helical regions of these molecules that lack the PR and NPB regions. This report shows that immunization with recombinant PR (rPR) molecules and passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies reactive with either NPB or PR epitopes are protective against infection in mice. PR regions of both PspA and PspC were antibody accessible on the pneumococcal surface. Our results indicate that while PspA could serve as a target of these protective antibodies in invasive infections, PspC might not. When antibody responses to rPR immunogens were evaluated by using flow cytometry to measure antibody binding to live pneumococci, it was observed that the mice that survived subsequent challenge produced significantly higher levels of antibodies reactive with exposed PR epitopes than the mice that became moribund. Due to their conservation and cross-reactivity, the PR regions and NPB regions represent potential vaccine targets capable of eliciting cross-protection immunity against pneumococcal infection.
Selective dietary supplementation in early postpartum is associated with high resilience against depressed mood (2017)

Medical research is moving toward prevention strategies during prodromal states. Postpartum blues (PPB) is often a prodromal state for postpartum depression (PPD), with severe PPB strongly associated with an elevated risk for PPD. The most common complication of childbearing, PPD has a prevalence of 13%, but there are no widespread prevention strategies, and no nutraceutical interventions have been developed. To counter the effects of the 40% increase in monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels that occurs during PPB, a dietary supplement kit consisting of monoamine precursor amino acids and dietary antioxidants was created. Key ingredients (tryptophan and tyrosine) were shown not to affect their total concentration in breast milk. The aim of this open-label study was to assess whether this dietary supplement reduces vulnerability to depressed mood at postpartum day 5, the typical peak of PPB. Forty-one healthy women completed all study procedures. One group (<i>n</i> = 21) received the dietary supplement, composed of 2 g of tryptophan, 10 g of tyrosine, and blueberry juice with blueberry extract. The control group (<i>n</i> = 20) did not receive any supplement. PPB severity was quantitated by the elevation in depressed mood on a visual analog scale following the sad mood induction procedure (MIP). Following the MIP, there was a robust induction of depressed mood in the control group, but no effect in the supplement group [43.85 ± 18.98 mm vs. 0.05 ± 9.57 mm shift; effect size: 2.9; <i>F</i>(1,39) = 88.33, <i>P</i> < 0.001]. This dietary supplement designed to counter functions of elevated MAO-A activity eliminates vulnerability to depressed mood during the peak of PPB.
Colloidal quantum dots entrained in microstructured optical fibers (2004)

We present the initial results of entraining colloidal quantum dots emitting at wavelengths from 0.5um through 1.2um, in various micro-structured optical fibers. Conventional and non-conventional, micro-structured optical fibers fabricated at Virginia Tech’s Fiber & ElectroOptics Research Center (FEORC) have been combined with semiconductor, colloidal quantum dots fabricated by the VT Advanced Biomedical Center (VTabc). The results are presented primarily in the form of visual verification and analysis of entrainment phenomena, for a cross-section of colloidal dot and micro-structured fiber forms. Unique optical, electro-optical and material properties resulting from the combinations are visibly suggested in the results. Core/clad/free space propagation properties and effects of emitted and absorbed light fields are observed to be dependent on the structure, aspect ratio and materials of the fibers as well as the properties of the colloidal quantum dots. Basic spectral data on representative free-space materials will be presented in the current paper. The presentation will explore in passing, the research options available to such quantum dot-fiber combinations, including advanced sensors, sources and filters.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks Techniques to Computer Worm Detection (2006)

Detecting computer worms is a highly challenging task. Commonly this task is performed by antivirus software tools that rely on prior explicit knowledge of the worm's code, which is represented by signatures. We present a new approach based on artificial neural networks (ANN) for detecting the presence of computer worms based on the computer's behavioral measures. In order to evaluate the new approach, several computers were infected with seven different worms and more than sixty different parameters of the infected computers were measured. The ANN and two other known classifications techniques, decision tree and k-nearest neighbors, were used to test their ability to classify correctly the presence, and the type, of the computer worms even during heavy user activity on the infected computers. The comparisons between the three approaches suggest that the ANN approach have computational advantages when real-time computation is needed, and has the potential to detect previously unknown worms. In addition, ANN may be used to identify the most relevant, measurable, features and thus reduce the feature dimensionality.