gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Complexity Transformed Encoder Architectures for Quasi-Cyclic Nonbinary LDPC Codes Over Subfields (2016)

Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes are adopted in many digital communication and storage systems. The encoding of these codes is traditionally done by multiplying the message vector with a generator matrix consisting of dense circulant submatrices. To reduce the encoder complexity, this paper introduces two schemes making use of finite Fourier transform. We focus on QC-LDPC codes whose circulant submatrices are of dimension <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2^{r}-1)\times (2^{r}-1)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the entries are elements of GF <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2^{p})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> divides <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and hence, GF <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2^{p})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a subfield of GF <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2^{r})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . These cover a broad range of codes, and binary LDPC codes are a special case. Making use of conjugacy constraints, low-complexity architectures are developed for finite Fourier and inverse transforms over subfields in this paper. In addition, composite field arithmetic is exploited to eliminate the computations associated with message mapping and reduce the complexity of Fourier transform. For a (2016, 1074) nonbinary QC-LDPC code whose generator matrix consists of circulants of dimension <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$63 \times 63$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with GF <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> entries, the proposed encoders achieve 22% area reduction compared with the conventional encoders without sacrificing the throughput.
Near-ideal magnetoelectricity in high-permeability magnetostrictive/piezofiber laminates with a (2-1) connectivity (2006)

Theoretically, the two-phase laminated configurations should have even much higher magnetoelectric (ME) effects—however, prior experimental studies have failed to find such an enhancement. Here, the authors report the unleashing of the potential of the (2-1) connectivity configuration: a piezofiber (one-dimension connectivity) layer laminated between two high-permeability magnetostrictive FeBSiC alloy ones (two-dimension connectivity) has near-ideal ME coupling. Very high ME effects of up to 22V∕cmOe (4×10−7s∕m) at 1Hz—an order of magnitude higher than the giant ones—have been found.
Quality by design: optimization of a freeze-drying cycle via design space in case of heterogeneous drying behavior and influence of the freezing protocol (2012)

The use of mathematical modeling is demonstrated to be very effective not only for cycle development, but also for solving problem of process transfer. This study showed that inter-vial variability remains significant when vials are loaded on plastic trays, and how inter-vial variability can be taken into account during process design.
SPOP mutation leads to genomic instability in prostate cancer (2015)

Genomic instability is a fundamental feature of human cancer often resulting from impaired genome maintenance. In prostate cancer, structural genomic rearrangements are a common mechanism driving tumorigenesis. However, somatic alterations predisposing to chromosomal rearrangements in prostate cancer remain largely undefined. Here, we show that SPOP, the most commonly mutated gene in primary prostate cancer modulates DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, and that SPOP mutation is associated with genomic instability. In vivo, SPOP mutation results in a transcriptional response consistent with BRCA1 inactivation resulting in impaired homology-directed repair (HDR) of DSB. Furthermore, we found that SPOP mutation sensitizes to DNA damaging therapeutic agents such as PARP inhibitors. These results implicate SPOP as a novel participant in DSB repair, suggest that SPOP mutation drives prostate tumorigenesis in part through genomic instability, and indicate that mutant SPOP may increase response to DNA-damaging therapeutics.
Spatial scalability of multiple ROIs in scalable video coding (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new functionality to Scalable Video Coding, which is the support of multiple ROIs. SVC is targeted at the flexible extraction of some bitstream from the original SVC bitstream, and it is discussed in the MPEG committee for standardization. Region of interest (ROI) is an area that is semantically important to a particular user. It is expected that a bitstream that contains the ROI can be extracted without any transcoding operations. In many cases, the user may want to see more than one ROIs at the same time. The existence of multiple ROIs results in some difficulties in extracting the bitstream containing more than one ROI. In this paper, we present solutions to address these difficulties.
Hybrid laser platform (HLP) for printing 3D multiscale multi-material hydrogel structures (2021)

Contrary to structural and material complexities found in nature, man-made manufacturing technologies and associated materials remain relatively simple. Despite continued technological advances in additive manufacturing, current methods remain limited in their capabilities. We report a new technology coined as Hybrid Laser Printing (HLP) that is capable of shaping hydrogel materials into 3D multiscale, multi-material, and functional constructs. Using several proof-of-concept studies, we present that HLP can print 3D structures that are either (i) technically challenging to print, and/or (ii) extremely time consuming to manufacture, and/or (iii) not possible with current technologies.
Field Evaluation of Transgenic Papaya Lines Carrying the Coat Protein Gene of <i>Papaya ringspot virus</i> in Taiwan (2004)

Four transgenic papaya lines expressing the coat protein (CP) gene of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) were evaluated under field conditions for their reaction to PRSV infection and fruit production in 1996 to 1999. Plants were exposed to natural virus inoculation by aphids in two adjacent fields in four different plantings at the same sites. None of the transgenic lines showed severe symptoms of PRSV whereas control nontransgenic plants were 100% severely infected 3 to 5 months after planting. In the first and second trials, 20 to 30% of the transgenic plants showed mild symptoms consisting of confined mottling or chlorotic spots on leaves. The number of transgenic plants with mild symptoms fluctuated according to the season and weather conditions, with a tendency to increase in the winter or rainy season and decrease in the summer. Also, the incidence of the mild symptoms in the third trial increased significantly due to infection by root rot fungi during the rainy season. Interestingly, there was no apparent adverse effect on fruit yield and quality in transgenic plants with mild symptoms. In the first and second experiments, transgenic lines yielded 10.8 to 11.6 and 54.3 to 56.7 times more marketable fruit, respectively, than controls. All transgenic plants produced fruit of marketable quality with no ringspots or distortion.
Effects of host restriction factors and the HTLV-1 subtype on susceptibility to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (2017)

Transcontinental subtype is susceptible to HAM/TSP, especially in familial cases. Ten common mutations causing amino acid changes in the HTLV-1 gene were specific to the transcontinental subtype. TRIM5α polymorphisms were associated with PVLs, indicating that TRIM5α could be implicated in HTLV-1 replication.
Tunable light emitting diodes utilizing quantum-confined layered perovskite emitters (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Organic-inorganic perovskites have revolutionized the optoelectronics field, providing materials with a wide range of properties for solving numerous applications. Indeed, much recent work has been focused on nanostructured perovskites, with quantum dots, nanowires, and nanoplatelets showing tremendous potential. Here, we utilize the unique tunability of 2D perovskite nanoplatelets to build LEDs that span the visible spectrum. Quantum confinement in the z direction drives a significant blueshift, allowing for blue devices utilizing the bromide system and orange devices utilizing the iodide system. We demonstrate that excess ligand addition is crucial to achieving this blueshift in thin films that otherwise suffer from energy funneling. We build devices that show electroluminescence from 440 nm to 650 nm, although they still suffer from low efficiencies due to low photoluminescence quantum yields. We finally demonstrate that these materials suffer from reversible degradation with an applied electric field, further limiting the efficiency. The favorable optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, combined with the blueshift due to quantum confinement, shows the promise of these materials as a new class of low cost emitters.
Fluorescent liquid crystal displays (1986)

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are commonly found in portable equipment. The main criticisms aimed at these displays are their asymmetric angle of view and dull grey appearance, which is particularly acute in low ambient lighting. It has been demonstrated that by the inclusion of a fluorescent dye it is possible to fabricate emissive LCDs with virtually a hemispherical angle of view.
<title>Polarization switching in VCSELs: experiments and theory</title> (1999)

The intriguing polarization properties of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are discussed and different physical mechanisms to explain this behavior are proposed. Experimental results obtained on different types of VCSELs will be confronted with the predictions from different theoretical models.
Compact, modular assembly and packaging of multi-substrate microsystems (2004)

This paper presents a new approach for the assembly of microsystems consisting of multiple substrates containing circuits, sensors, and actuators in a re-workable and modular fashion. The microsystem dice are placed inside a cube, and therefore self-aligned and stacked on top of one another, and are separated using non-conducting elastomer sheets. Signal transfer (electrical and fluidic) between these dice is achieved using flexible Parylene cables that are formed on the inside walls of the cube. Conductors and contact pads formed on the Parylene cables are pressed onto matching contact pads on the individual substrates thus forming a mechanical connect/disconnect system for both electrical and fluidic signals. A process for forming the cables and for assembling the entire microsystem has been developed and demonstration prototypes have been constructed to illustrate the feasibility of this approach.
A SEX PHEROMONE MIXTURE FOR THE BERTHA ARMYWORM MOTH, <i>MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA</i>: (Z)-9-TETRADECEN-1-OL ACETATE AND (Z)-11-HEXADECEN-1-OL ACETATE (1977)

Abstract An abdominal tip extract of female bertha armyworm moths, Mamestra configurata (Walker), was found to contain two sex pheromone components. One corresponded to (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, previously identified from this source, and the other to a tetradecen-1-ol acetate, identified by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Data obtained from the EAG profile of isomeric tetradecen-1-ol acetates indicated the active component to be (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate. Neither of these two acetates was by itself attractive to males in field tests; however, mixtures were attractive, with the best attraction occurring with a C 16 :C 14 acetate ratio of about 19:1.
A Reflective Fiber Optic Sensor for Surface Roughness In-Process Measurement (2002)

The paper deals with the development of a fiber optic sensor for surface roughness measurement. A new method for the calculation of reflection light intensity is proposed. By numerically counting the amount of reflection light rays from a measured surface, the relationship between the reflection light intensity and the surface roughness can be found. The simulation method is useful in understanding the effects of the sensor probe structure and the component parameters on the performance of the sensor such that an optimum sensor design can be obtained. A fiber optic sensor probe for surface roughness measurement was designed and fabricated using the results obtained by simulation. Experimental results show that the prototype sensor probe has high resolution and sensitivity for ground and milled surfaces with the roughness value (Ra) of 0.1μm∼3.2μm. The experimental results also show that the simulation method is accurate, and hence useful in designing fiber optic sensors. The simulation procedure and feasibility of the simulation method as well as the experimental results obtained from the prototype sensor probe are presented in this paper.
Vibration maps of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers by laser interferometry (2002)

In this letter, a 1.8-mm x 1.8-mm capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) element is experimentally characterized by means of optical measurements. Optical displacement measurements provide information on the resonant behavior of the single membranes and also allow us to investigate the dispersion in the frequency spectrum of adjacent membranes. In addition, higher order mode shapes are observed, showing that either symmetrical or asymmetrical modes are excited in CMUT membranes. Laser interferometry vibration maps, combined with quantitative displacement measurements, provide information about the quality and repeatability of the fabrication process, which is a basic requirement for 2-D array fabrication for ultrasound imaging.
A Clock Skewing Strategy to Reduce Power and Area of ASIC Circuits (2017)

A new method for reducing power and area of standard cell ASICs is described. The method is based on deliberately introducing clock skew without the use of extra buffers in the clock network. This is done by having some flipflops, called sources, generate clock signals for other flipflops, called targets. The method involves two key features: (1) the design of new differential flipflop, referred to as KVFF, that is functionally identical to a master-slave edge-triggered D flipflop, but in addition, produces an completion signal that is a skewed version of its input clock, which is used to clock other flipflops; and (2) an efficient algorithm that identifies the sources and targets involved in the new clocking scheme, with the objective of reducing area and power. These are reduced because deliberate skew introduces extra slack on the logic cones that feed the target flipflops, which is exploited by synthesis tools to reduce area and power. In addition, the overhead of conventional methods of introducing skew, e.g. buffers, is eliminated. Using commercial tools, significant improvements in power and area are shown on placed and routed netlists of several circuits.
Hierarchical cascading in 2D FEM simulation of finite SAW devices with periodic block structure (2016)

Application of finite element methods (FEM) to the simulation of SAW devices has been constrained by the large number of degrees-of-freedom required, resulting in large memory usage and long computation times. Here, we propose a hierarchical cascading approach which takes advantage of the periodic structure typical of SAW devices. In this approach, each unique electrode period is modeled and simulated only once. Smaller blocks are cascaded to describe larger blocks until the whole device is modeled. This is equivalent to full simulation of the device with FEM, however — for structures with high degree of periodicity — with drastically reduced memory consumption and simulation time.
Synthesis and bronchodilating activity of 2,9-disubstituted adenine derivatives: BB-1502 (9-cyclohexy-2-n-propoxy-9H-adenine) and its analogs. (1982)

A series of 2, 9-disubstituted adenine derivatives was prepared and evaluated for bronchodilating activity. 9-(2-Cyclohexenyl), 9-tetrahydropyranyl and 9-benzyl derivatives of 2, 6-dichloropurine were converted to the 2-chloroadenines. Subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the 2-chloro group with alkoxides, mercaptides and amines afforded the desired compounds. 9-Cyclohexyl derivatives were prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding 9-cyclohexenyl compounds. Bronchodilating activities of the new adenine derivatives were evaluated in a number of biological systems. 9-(2-Cyclohexenyl)- and 9-cyclohexyladenines having an ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy or n-propylthio group at the 2-position showed potent bronchodilating activity. Reduced activity was observed with lower or higher alkoxy homologs and branched alkoxy congeners. 9-Cyclohexyl-2-n-propoxy-9H-adenine (designated as BB-1502) was selected for further studies in view of its high intrinsic activity and favorable pharmacological profile.
Latex test for serodiagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (1980)

A glycoprotein was isolated from bovine erythrocytes which has 20% carbohydrate and migrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band. This glycoprotein carries the reactivity of bovine erythrocytes with Paul-Bunnell heterophile antibody of infectious mononucleosis. This bovine glycoprotein was coupled to carboxyl-modified latex particles with water-soluble carbodiimide. The resulting reagent was then used to develop a new test for the detection of infectious mononucleosis antibody. The bovine erythrocyte glycoprotein-latex reagent is more stable than sheep or horse erythrocytes, the traditional reagents for detection of infectious mononucleosis antibody. This new reagent is used in a direct slide test; no preabsorption of the sera is necessary. In the present study the glycoprotein-latex reagent compared favorably in terms of sensitivity and specificity with two standard tests for infectious mononucleosis antibody. Ninety-nine serum samples were tested. Agreement of the latex test with a stabilized horse erythrocyte spot test was 90%. Ten samples were weakly positive with the latex test and negative with the horse cell test. Only one of these was also positive with an enzyme-treated sheep cell test. This latter test was somewhate more sensitive than the latex test.
Expansion of "MX-MIG process" as Pure Argon Gas Shielded Welding Method - for Carbon Steel (2013)

It used to be considered that pure argon (Ar) was inapplicable to metal inert gas (MIG) welding using steel wire. However, the newly developed process called MXMIG, which involves the use of a special welding wire made by Kobe Steel, makes it easily applicable. Many new characteristics are obtained by the MX-MIG process, such as ultra-low spatter, fumes, and slag, as well as excellent bead shape, appearance and weld metal quality. These are the features that were conventionally impossible to achieve with reactive gas. This paper introduces the arc stabilization mechanism and general characteristics of the MX-MIG process, as well as the mechanism for improving the paintability, corrosion toughness and fatigue strength of the carbon steel weld joint. The non-slag characteristic contributes to improved paintability. On the other hand, the fatigue strength is improved by combining the bead shape (wetness) and the low temperature transformation of the crystal microstructure.
Error Performance Analysis for 4+12+16 APSK Signal over a Satellite Channel (2009)

A 4+12+16 amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation outperforms other 32-APSK modulations such as rectangular or cross 32-quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs) which have a high peak to average power ratio that causes non-negligible amplitude modulation to amplitude modulation (AM/AM) and amplitude modulation to phase modulation (AM/PM) distortions when the signal is amplified by a high-power amplifier (HPA). Thus, this modulation scheme has been recommended as modulation scheme in the digital video broadcasting-Satellite2 (DVB-S2) standard. In this paper, we present a new bits-to-symbol mapping to improve a bit error rate (BER) for a 4+12+16 APSK signal in a nonlinear satellite channel and analyze the BER.
Window-Based Susceptance Models for Large-Scale RLC Circuit Analyses (2002)

Due to the increasing operating frequencies and the manner in which the corresponding integrated circuits and systems must be designed, the extraction, modeling and simulation of the magnetic couplings for final design verification can be a daunting task. In general, when modeling inductance and the associated return paths, one must consider the on-chip conductors as well as the system packaging. This can result in an RLC circuit size that is impractical for traditional simulators. In this paper we demonstrate a localized, window-based extraction and simulation methodology that employs the recently proposed susceptance (the inverse of inductance matrix) concept. We provide a qualitative explanation for the efficacy of this approach, and demonstrate how it facilitates pre-manufacturing simulations that would otherwise be intractable. A critical aspect of this simulation efficiency is owed to a susceptance-based circuit formation that we prove to be symmetric positive definite. This property, along with the sparsity of the susceptance matrix, enables the use of some advanced sparse matrix solvers. lye demonstrate this extraction and simulation methodology on some industrial examples.
Fluorescent diffuse photon density waves in homogeneous and heterogeneous turbid media: analytic solutions and applications (1996)

We present analytic solutions for fluorescent diffuse photon density waves originating from fluorophores distributed in thick turbid media. Solutions are derived for a homogeneous turbid medium containing a uniform distribution of fluorophores and for a system that is homogeneous except for the presence of a single spherical inhomogeneity Generally the inhomogeneity has fluorophore concentration, and lifetime and optical properties that differ from those of the background. The analytic solutions are verified by numerical calculations and are used to determine the fluorophore lifetime and concentration changes required for the accurate detection of inhomogeneities in biologically relevant systems. The relative sensitivities of absorption and fluorescence methods are compared.