gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lagged Correlogram Patterns-based seizure detection algorithm using optimized HMM feature fusion (2015)

Epileptic seizure detection by EEG signal processing as an offline procedure is dependent to appropriate features. In this paper, a novel feature extraction and a feature fusion method for EEG signal classification are introduced. After preprocessing, the windowed EEG signals are decomposed to five rhythms by filter bank of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) structure. Three correlogram spectrums for 3 lags are computed for these rhythms. The extracted features of these spectrums have been combined by Hidden Markov Model (HMM) as a fusion method. The lag values are optimized using a hybrid approach based on Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network and Genetic Algorithm (GA) with implementing the Hill-Climbing (HC) search technique. The final feature vector is obtained with optimal lags and optimized HMM feature fusion. This scenario for feature extraction and fusion is called Lagged Correlogram Patterns (LCP) algorithm. Meanwhile, the spectral entropy as a frequency model of signal is estimated. The maximum value of averaged spectrum on all windows has been considered as a feature. Finally, the feature vectors are classified by Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. The average of accuracy rate of 81.40% is obtained for the performance of seizure recognition.
Automatic Extraction of Ellipsoidal Features for Planetary Image Registration (2011)

With the launch of several planetary missions in the last decade, a large amount of planetary images has been already acquired and much more will be available for analysis in the coming years. The image data need to be analyzed, preferably by automatic processing techniques because of the huge amount of data. Although many automatic feature extraction methods have been proposed and utilized for earth remote sensing images, these methods are not always applicable to planetary data that often present low contrast and uneven illumination characteristics. Here, we propose a new unsupervised method for the extraction of different features of elliptical and geometrically compact shapes, such as craters and rocks of compact shape (e.g., boulders), to be used for image registration purposes. This approach is based on the combination of several image processing techniques, including watershed segmentation and the generalized Hough transform. The method potentially has application for extraction of craters, rocks, and other geological features.
Operation of the LiFi Light Emitting Plasma in Resonant Cavity (2011)

The LiFi lamp utilizes a microwave technology which directly delivers high-frequency power to a light-emitting plasma without the need for electrodes. A dielectric waveguide generates electromagnetic field modes within a resonator which efficiently couple the power to the high-temperature high-density plasma.
Gas Tag Identification of Failed Fuel – II. Resolution between Single and Multiple Failures (1974)

Gas tagging consists of the addition to nuclear reactor fuel pins of small amounts of gas having a unique isotopic composition for each assembly; when an assembly fails during subsequent irradiation, the tag gas which is released along with the fission gas, makes it possible to locate the defective assembly by a mass spectrometric analysis of the reactor cover gas. Location of the ratios of the tag gas isotopic concentrations on curved surfaces in a three-dimensional tag-ratio space enables the three ratios corresponding to failure of a single fuel assembly to be distinguished from those formed from any combination of two or more failed assemblies. Three prototypic designs have been analyzed for the fast flux test facility (FFTF) reactor, and some alternative design possibilities have been suggested. Based upon these results, current FFTF gas tag designs incorporate to a certain extent the principle of curved surfaces.
Advanced biochemical processes for geothermal brines; Annual report FY 1989 (1989)

A laboratory effort to develop methods for the utilization and/or low cost environmentally acceptable disposal of toxic geothermal residues has been established at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). In this work, microorganisms which can interact with toxic metals found in geothermal residual brine sludges and which can convert them into soluble species for subsequent reinjection or concentration are being identified. Data generated in this work serve as models for the development of technically and economically feasible detoxification processes leading to advanced biotechnology for geothermal waste treatment. It is anticipated that the new biotechnology will reduce significantly the cost of surface disposal of sludges derived from geothermal brines. 6 refs., 28 figs.
An architectural approach to autonomic computing (2004)

We describe an architectural approach to achieving the goals of autonomic computing. The architecture that we outline describes interfaces and behavioral requirements for individual system components, describes how interactions among components are established, and recommends design patterns that engender the desired system-level properties of self-configuration, self-optimization, self-healing and self-protection. We have validated many of these ideas in two prototype autonomic computing systems.
KLT-based quality controlled compression of single-lead ECG (1998)

An electrocardiogram (ECG) compression algorithm based on a combination of the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) and multirate sampling is introduced. The use of multirate sampling reduces KLT computational times to those reported for wavelet-packet-based compression techniques. A beat-by-beat quality controlled compression criterion is shown to be necessary to ensure clinically adequate reconstruction of each beat. The resulting quality controlled algorithm efficiently achieves compression rates of approximately 30-40:1 for the MIT-BIH database.
A Phytochemical–Halogenated Quinoline Combination Therapy Strategy for the Treatment of Pathogenic Bacteria (2015)

With the continued rise of drug-resistant bacterial infections coupled with the current discouraging state of the antibiotic pipeline, the need for new antibacterial agents that operate through unique mechanisms compared with conventional antibiotics and work in synergy with other agents is at an all-time high. We have discovered that gallic acid, a plant-derived phytochemical, dramatically potentiates the antibacterial activities of several halogenated quinolines (up to 11,800-fold potentiation against Staphylococcus aureus) against pathogenic bacteria, including drug-resistant clinical isolates. S. aureus demonstrated the highest sensitivity towards gallic acid-halogenated quinoline combinations, including one halogenated quinoline that demonstrated potentiation of biofilm eradication activity against a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clinical isolate. During our studies, we also demonstrated that these halogenated quionlines operate through an interesting metal(II) cation-dependent mechanism and display promising mammalian cytotoxicity.
Remote detection of nuclear magnetic resonance with an anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor (2008)

We report the detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using an anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensor. A "remote-detection" arrangement was used in which protons in flowing water were prepolarized in the field of a superconducting NMR magnet, adiabatically inverted, and subsequently detected with an AMR sensor situated downstream from the magnet and the adiabatic inverter. AMR sensing is well suited for NMR detection in microfluidic "lab-on-a-chip" applications because the sensors are small, typically on the order of 10 mum. An estimate of the sensitivity for an optimized system indicates that approximately 6 x 10(13) protons in a volume of 1,000 mum(3), prepolarized in a 10-kG magnetic field, can be detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 in a 1-Hz bandwidth. This level of sensitivity is competitive with that demonstrated by microcoils in superconducting magnets and with the projected sensitivity of microfabricated atomic magnetometers.
The Recursive Time Synchronization Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Many applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require accurate time synchronization for data consistency and coordination. While the existing protocols for time synchronization provide sufficient accuracy, they consume high energy and poorly synchronize the distant nodes. We propose a Recursive Time Synchronization Protocol (RTSP) which provides global clock synchronization in an accurate and energy-efficient way. It achieves better performance by using a novel blend of techniques such as the MAC-layer time-stamping based on Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) byte, fewer broadcasts by the reference node, compensation of the propagation delay and adjustment of the timestamps at each hop, estimation of the relative skew and offset using least square linear regression on two data points (2LR), adaptive re-synchronization interval, aggregation of the synchronization requests and energy-awareness. We also analyze the sources of errors and efficiency. Simulation results show an average accuracy of 0.3μs in a large multi-hop network while using only 1/5th of the energy consumed by FTSP in the long run, i.e., the RTSP outperforms all other protocols of its class including RBS, TPSN and FTSP.
Particle Size Effects on Chemistry and Structure of Al-Cu-Fe Quasicrystalline Plasma Sprayed Coatings (1996)

Abstract A brief study was performed to examine the influence of starting powder composition, starting powder particle size and spraying environment on the chemistry, phase assemblage and porosity of Al-Cu-Fe plasma sprayed coatings involving a quasicrystaliine phase. It was found that a loss of Al during spraying results from the extremely low thermal conductivity of the quasicrystaliine phase in the starting powders. This loss changes the bulk composition of the deposited coating and partially controls the phases that develop. Smaller starting powder particles tended to lose more Al and, therefore, form less of the quasicrystaliine phase. Larger starting powder particles did not lose Al to the same degree, and produced coatings with more of the quasicrystaliine phase. However, these powders produced coatings also had a higher amount of porosity.
An overview of aluminum/sulfur battery technology (2002)

Recently, the authors introduced a new battery utilizing a sulfur cathode and an aluminum anode; the aluminum-sulfur cell, E/sub cell/(theoretical)=1.8 V. The Faradaic capacity of the Al/S battery (based on potassium salts) is 505 Ah/kg, and the theoretical specific energy is 1.8 Volt/spl times/505 Ah/kg=910 Wh/kg. The principal advantages of the system include its ability to function at and near room temperature, and the very high energy capacity of the anodic and cathodic materials. In this paper, technological developments in the low, medium and high power density domains of the aluminum/sulfur battery are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dark current suppression in GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (1996)

We demonstrate a novel technique for decreasing the dark current in GaAs and AlGaAs-GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors without compromising the responsivity or the bandwidth. This technique involves the placement of the electrode tips and the contact pads on top of an insulating layer of silicon nitride to eliminate parasitic leakage paths and high electric field regions near the tips of the electrodes. For GaAs devices biased at 5 V with a 50×50-μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area and 3-μm electrode spacing and width, the dark current was reduced from 48.8 to 2.49 nA and the noise equivalent power was reduced from 119 to 26.9 nW. For similar AlGaAsGaAs devices, the dark current was reduced from 1.6 to 0.3 nA and the noise equivalent power was reduced from 19.2 to 8.12 nW.
Optimization Techniques for Miniaturized Integrated Electrochemical Sensors (2015)

Electrochemical sensors are integral components of various integrated sensing applications. In this work, we provide details of optimizing electrochemical sensors for CMOS compatible integrated designs at sub-mm size scales. The focus is on optimization of electrode materials and geometry. We provide design details for both working electrode and reference electrode materials for hydrogen peroxide sensing applications which form the basis for many metabolic sensors. We also present results on geometrical variations in designing such sensors and demonstrate that such considerations are very relevant for optimizing the overall sensor performance. We also present results for such optimized sensors on actual CMOS platforms. The methods presented in this work can be adopted for countless applications of electrochemical sensing platforms.
Biochemical Stimulation of Immune Cells and Measurement of Mechanical Responses Using Atomic Force Microscopy (2019)

This manuscript details methods to ligate cell-surface receptors on live cells with precise spatiotemporal control using an atomic force microscope (AFM) to deliver ligands. This approach can be used to image cellular responses upon activating T cell receptors when the AFM is mounted on an optical microscope. Moreover, the AFM measures forces generated by the cell during the contact. Using AFM to trigger cellular responses adds an important capability to the field of mechanobiology. We describe how to incorporate anti-CD3 antibodies or other molecules onto an AFM cantilever and how to use AFM to activate T cells. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Differential Mass Spectrometry:  A Label-Free LC−MS Method for Finding Significant Differences in Complex Peptide and Protein Mixtures (2004)

Efficiently identifying and quantifying disease- or treatment-related changes in the abundance of proteins is an important area of research for the pharmaceutical industry. Here we describe an automated, label-free method for finding differences in complex mixtures using complete LC-MS data sets, rather than subsets of extracted peaks or features. The method selectively finds statistically significant differences in the intensity of both high-abundance and low-abundance ions, accounting for the variability of measured intensities and the fact that true differences will persist in time. The method was used to compare two complex peptide mixtures with known peptide differences. This controlled experiment allowed us to assess the validity of each difference found and so to analyze the method's sensitivity and specificity. The method detects both presence versus absence and a 2-fold change in peptide concentration near the limit of detection of the instrument used, where chromatographic peaks may not be sufficiently well defined to be detected in individual samples. The method is more sensitive and gives fewer false positives than subtractive methods that ignore signal variability. Differential mass spectrometry combined with targeted MS/MS analysis of only identified differences may save both computation time and human effort compared to shotgun proteomics approaches.
The radish <i>Rfo</i> restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats (2003)

A single radish nuclear gene, Rfo, restores Ogura (ogu) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Brassica napus. A map-based cloning approach relying on synteny between radish and Arabidopsis was used to clone Rfo. A radish gene encoding a 687-amino-acid protein with a predicted mitochondrial targeting pre-sequence was found to confer male fertility upon transformation into ogu CMS B. napus. This gene, like the recently described Petunia Rf gene, codes for a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-containing protein with multiple, in this case 16, PPR domains. Two similar genes that do not appear to function as Rfo flank this gene. Comparison of the Rfo region with the syntenic Arabidopsis region indicates that a PPR gene is not present at the Rfo-equivalent site in Arabidopsis, although a smaller and related PPR gene is found about 40 kb from this site. The implications of these findings for the evolution of restorer genes and other PPR encoding genes are discussed.
Optimal index-bit allocation for dynamic post-correction of analog-to-digital converters (2005)

Signal processing methods for digital post-correction of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are considered. ADC errors are in general signal dependent, and in addition, they often exhibit dynamic dependence. A novel dynamic post-correction scheme based on look-up tables is proposed. In order to reduce the table size and, thus, the hardware requirements, bit-masking is introduced. This is to limit the length of the table index by deselecting index bits. At this point, the problem of which bits to use arises. A mathematical analysis tool is derived, enabling the allocation of index bits to be analyzed. This analysis tool is applied in two optimization problems, optimizing the total harmonic distortion and the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio, respectively, of a corrected ADC. The correction scheme and the optimization problems are illustrated and exemplified using experimental ADC data. The results show that the proposed correction scheme improves the performance of the ADC. They also indicate that the allocation of index bits has a significant impact on the ADC performance, motivating the analysis tool. Finally, the optimization results show that performance improvements compared with static look-up table correction can be achieved, even at a comparable table size.
A Novel, Cell-Permeable, Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Imaging of Zinc Ion (2002)

Zn(2+) plays important roles in various biological systems; as a result, the development of tools that can visualize chelatable Zn(2+) has attracted much attention recently. We report here newly synthesized fluorescent sensors for Zn(2+), ZnAF-Rs, whose excitation maximum is shifted by Zn(2+) under physiological conditions. Thus, these sensors enable ratiometric imaging, which is a technique to reduce artifacts by minimizing the influence of extraneous factors on the fluorescence of a probe. Ratiometric measurement can provide precise data, and some probes allow quantitative detection. ZnAF-Rs are the first ratiometric fluorescent sensors for Zn(2+) that enable quantitative analysis under physiological conditions. ZnAF-Rs also possess suitable K(d) for applications, and high selectivity against other biologically relevant cations, especially Ca(2+). Using these probes, changes of intracellular Zn(2+) concentration in cultured cells were monitored successfully. We believe that these probes will be extremely useful in studies on the biological functions of Zn(2+).
A Novel Damping Device for Broadband Attenuation of Low-Frequency Combustion Pulsations in Gas Turbines (2012)

Damping of thermoacoustically induced pressure pulsations in combustion chambers is a major focus of gas turbine operation. Conventional Helmholtz resonators are an excellent means to attenuate thermoacoustic instabilities in gas turbines. Usually, however, the damping optimum is in a narrow frequency band at one operating condition. The work presented here deals with a modification of the basic Helmholtz resonator design over-coming this drawback. It consists of a damper body housing separated volumes that are connected to each other. Adequate adjustment of the governing parameters results in a broadband damping characteristic for low frequencies. In this way, changes in operating conditions and engine-to-engine variations involving shifts in the combustion pulsation frequency can conveniently be addressed. Genetic algorithms and optimization strategies are used to derive these parameters in a multi-dimensional parameter space. The novel damper concept is described in more detail and compared with cold-flow experiments. In order to validate the performance under realistic conditions, the new broadband dampers were implemented in a full-scale test engine. Pulsation amplitudes could be reduced by more than 80%. In addition, it is shown that due to sophisticated damper placement in the engine two unstable modes can be addressed simultaneously. Application of the damper concept allowed to considerably increase the engine operating regime and finally to reduce NOx emissions by 55%. Predictions obtained with the physics-based model excellently agree with experimental results for all tested damper geometries, bias flows, excitation amplitudes, and most important with the measurements in the engine.
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with classic hairy cell leukemia (2016)

Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon hematologic malignancy characterized by pancytopenia and marked susceptibility to infection. Tremendous progress in the management of patients with this disease has resulted in high response rates and improved survival, yet relapse and an appropriate approach to re-treatment present continuing areas for research. The disease and its effective treatment are associated with immunosuppression. Because more patients are being treated with alternative programs, comparison of results will require general agreement on definitions of response, relapse, and methods of determining minimal residual disease. The development of internationally accepted, reproducible criteria is of paramount importance in evaluating and comparing clinical trials to provide optimal care. Despite the success achieved in managing these patients, continued participation in available clinical trials in the first-line and particularly in the relapse setting is highly recommended. The Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation convened an international conference to provide common definitions and structure to guide current management. There is substantial opportunity for continued research in this disease. In addition to the importance of optimizing the prevention and management of the serious risk of infection, organized evaluations of minimal residual disease and treatment at relapse offer ample opportunities for clinical research. Finally, a scholarly evaluation of quality of life in the increasing number of survivors of this now manageable chronic illness merits further study. The development of consensus guidelines for this disease offers a framework for continued enhancement of the outcome for patients.
VHH-Based Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Cytokine Production (2017)

Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-1, play pathogenic roles in multiple diseases and are attractive targets for biologic drugs. Because proinflammatory cytokines possess non-redundant protective and immunoregulatory functions, their systemic neutralization carries the potential for unwanted side effects. Therefore, next-generation anti-cytokine therapies would seek to selectively neutralize pathogenic cytokine signaling, leaving normal function intact. Fortunately, the biology of proinflammatory cytokines provides several such opportunities. Here, we discuss various applications of bispecific antibodies targeting cytokines with specific focus on selective TNF neutralization targeted directly to the surface of specific populations of monocytes and macrophages. These bispecific antibodies combine an anti-TNF V<sub>H</sub>H with V<sub>H</sub>Hs or scFvs directed against abundant surface molecules on myeloid cells and serve to limit the bioavailability of TNF produced by these cells. Such reagents may become prototypes of a novel class of anti-cytokine biologics.