gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of fracture-related infections in a low-income country: a prospective study comparing current practice to international consensus guidelines (2005)

<b>Background</b>: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a devastating complication following oncologic endoprosthetic reconstruction (EPR). Despite significant efforts to characterize the microbiologic profile of PJI in traditional joint arthroplasty, data are lacking in orthopedic oncology. Our study analyzed the causative microorganisms and time to positivity (TTP) of PJI in oncologic EPR and conventional joint arthroplasty (C-TJA). <b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively compared sample cultures for lower-extremity oncologic EPR and C-TJA patients diagnosed with PJI between 2000 and 2022. All positive microorganisms were assessed, along with clinical and culture method data. Comparisons utilized the Mann-Whitney <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>U</mml:mi></mml:math> test. <b>Results</b>: We included 70 oncologic EPR and 153 C-TJA patients diagnosed with PJIs. <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (16.8 % vs. 10.6 %, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (12.6 % vs. 4 %, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), and <i>Peptostreptococcus</i> spp. (5.3 % vs. 1.3 %, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) were common and more frequently isolated in oncologic EPR than C-TJA PJI. Conversely, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> predominated in samples from C-TJA patients (31.7 % vs. 15.1 %, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). Differences in endoprosthetic microorganism prevalence were observed between primary versus metastatic bone disease and bone versus soft tissue sarcoma. TTP was highly variable among microorganisms and was significantly faster ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) for bone and soft tissue vs. synovial fluid (3 d vs. 4 d) and for broth and solid media vs. broth only (2.5 d vs. 4.5 d). <b>Conclusion</b>: The microorganism profile in oncologic EPR PJI was distinct from C-TJA PJI. The oncologic EPR population highlighted variability in the prevalence of Gram-negative rods and slower TTP for broth-only cultures. Further investigation of the mechanisms behind these differences will allow care teams to provide prompt, individualized, and targeted antimicrobial therapy.
Design of Surface-Emitting Photonic Crystal Microcavitis for Quantum Cascade Lasers (2007)

We report a numerical demonstration of photonic crystal microcavities for high functional surface emitting QCLs. Localized mode for TM-like mode was achieved by introducing a point defect.
Incorporating voice onset time to improve letter recognition accuracies (2002)

We consider the possibility of incorporating distinctive features into a statistically based speech recognizer. We develop a two pass strategy for recognition with a standard HMM based first pass followed by a second pass that performs an alternative analysis to extract class-specific features. For the voiced/voiceless distinction on stops for an alphabet recognition task, we show that a linguistically motivated acoustic feature exists (the VOT), provides superior separability to standard spectral measures, and can be automatically extracted from the signal to reduce error rates by 48.7% over state of the art HMM systems.
On the Problem of Describing the Coupling Interface Between Sub-structures: An Experimental Test for ‘Completeness’ (2018)

The implementation of both vibration source characterisation and sub-structure coupling/decoupling procedures rely on the complete description of a coupling interface, that is, the inclusion of coupling forces in all significant degrees of freedom (DoFs). However, it is not straight-forward to establish which DoFs are required in the description. E.g. is it necessary to include moments and/or in-plane forces? This is an important question as an incomplete description will lead to an erroneous representation of the dynamics. However, there are currently no methods of quantifying the completeness of an interface description. In this paper an experimental procedure is described for the assessment of interface completeness. Based on the theoretical blocking of DoF subsets, a relation is presented that allows for the contribution of an unknown DoF to be established. Further, a coherence style criterion is proposed to estimate the completeness of a given interface description. This criterion may be used to check whether sufficient coupling DoFs have been included in both source characterisation and sub-structure coupling/decoupling procedures. Numerical and experimental examples are provided to illustrate the concept.
A Multistage Sampling Technique for Peat Deposits Utilizing Soil Survey Maps (1983)

One purpose of this paper is to report on a multistage sampling scheme used in a Michigan peat resources study. A second purpose is to show how variations of this method can be applied in a sequential manner to adjust for incoming data or changing budgetary parameters. The sampling plan for this study is a multistage sampling scheme utilizing clustering and multiple stratification. The State of Michigan has been stratified into soil-geomorphic provinces in order to group together organic soils formed on similar associated land surfaces. Within each province the unit of interest is the county or portion of the county. Each county or portion is then sampled. Each township within a county is stratified into four levels of organic soil deposit size, based on dot counts of soil survey maps. The townships form stratified clusters, and within each township a stratified sample of sections is chosen. Within each section systematic transect samples of the organic soils are obtained. The sampling plan should result in good point and interval estimates of organic soil characteristics by section, township, county, province, and total state evaluation. The advantages and disadvantages of this sampling method are discussed in detail. Its advantages include: simplicity to implement in the field; ability to change with different geographic, personnel, or budgetary restrictions; and ability to be modified in a sequential manner as data are collected. The major disadvantage is the resulting relatively complex estimating equations. An attempt is made to simplify the explanation of these equations. The utilization of this sampling scheme in conjunction with soil survey maps gives a very efficient method of estimating the total amount and characteristics of peat over a large geographic area.
Azetidinone antibiotics. XIV. Removal of a phthaloyl protective group from acid and base sensitive compounds (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzetidinone antibiotics. XIV. Removal of a phthaloyl protective group from acid and base sensitive compoundsStjepan Kukolja and Steven R. LammertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 19, 5582–5583Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00852a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00852a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views843Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly c-axis oriented growth of GaN film on sapphire (0001) by laser molecular beam epitaxy using HVPE grown GaN bulk target (2013)

Growth temperature dependant surface morphology and crystalline properties of the epitaxial GaN layers grown on pre-nitridated sapphire (0001) substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy (LMBE) were investigated in the range of 500–750 °C. The grown GaN films were characterized using high resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The x-ray rocking curve full width at a half maximum (FWHM) value for (0002) reflection dramatically decreased from 1582 arc sec to 153 arc sec when the growth temperature was increased from 500 °C to 600 °C and the value further decreased with increase of growth temperature up to 720 °C. A highly c-axis oriented GaN epitaxial film was obtained at 720 °C with a (0002) plane rocking curve FWHM value as low as 102 arc sec. From AFM studies, it is observed that the GaN grain size also increased with increasing growth temperature and flat, large lateral grains of size 200-300 nm was obtained for the film grown at 720 °C. The micro-Raman spectroscopy studies also exhibited the high-quality wurtzite nature of GaN film grown on sapphire at 720 °C. The SIMS measurements revealed a non-traceable amount of background oxygen impurity in the grown GaN films. The results show that the growth temperature strongly influences the surface morphology and crystalline quality of the epitaxial GaN films on sapphire grown by LMBE.
A review of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods of inflammatory bowel disease (2019)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are classified as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) which have similar symptoms and lead to digestive disorders and inflammation in the digestive system. The reason why they occur is still a mystery. A number of factors can be attributed to the prevalence of CD and UC, some of which include geographical location, inappropriate diet, genetics, and inappropriate immune response. Both diseases are more often diagnosed in urban areas compared to rural areas and both have their own challenges and side effects, but the patients can still have a good quality of life. Given the fact that the prevalence of this disease is higher at younger ages and that it disrupts half the life of the patient, it will, most likely, become a major health problem in the near future, even in developing countries. By reviewing valid scientific resources and evaluating new methods of addressing this disease, the present study aims to provide researchers and patients with new insights into this field and facilitate access to new treatments.
MicroRNAs in platelet physiology and pathology (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), highly conserved, short (approx. 22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs, exhibit a fine-tune control over gene expression by complementary sequence binding and translational repression of protein coding mRNA transcripts. Recently, the role of miRNAs has been increasingly investigated in various physiological or pathophysiological events. Circulating platelets are crucial for coagulation physiology to maintain haemostatic balance and are involved in various pathologies such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Anucleate platelets lack genomic DNA but inherit diverse array of functional coding or non-coding RNAs and translational machinery from their parent cells - megakaryocytes enabling activated platelets to synthesize proteins which suggests the possibility of post transcriptional gene regulation in platelets. Expression of functionally active miRNAs in platelets changes during platelet activation indicating a role in platelet biology. Here, we present a review on recently identified platelet miRNAs and their role in platelet physiology that is essential for maintaining haemostasis.
A fast faulty phase selection algorithm based on S-transform (2014)

This paper proposes a novel approach to faulty phase selection using S-transform and phase current integration for the fast transmission line protection. The paper analyzes the modulus characteristics of various types of fault and the characteristics of phase current for two phases to ground fault. On the basis of it, the phase selection algorithm first uses S-transform to get single frequency phasor of module components at a specific time, and then the relation among module phasors is analyzed to classify the fault type. The algorithm use phase current integration distinguishes the faulty phases in the two phases to ground circumstance. The PSCAD simulation results show that the algorithm can quickly and accurately identify the fault phases, and the identification performance is not affected by the fault position, fault inception angle, fault resistance and the structure of bus.
Power management solutions for hybrid electric vehicles (2013)

This paper describes three control strategies for a hybrid electric vehicle, in order to reduce the fuel consumption, and to maintain a reasonable state of charge (SOC) of the battery at the end of the drive cycles. The main goal is to split the requested power from the driver between the internal combustion engine (ICE), and the electric motor (EM), such way to decrease the fuel consumption, and to maintain the dynamic performances. The algorithms were tested using Matlab Simulink and ADVISOR interface. All three strategies are applied to a parallel hybrid power train. The first solution is an original rule-based strategy with the electric motor as a primary power source. The second one is a distributed control strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle. The vehicle is built from control nodes, every one of them having the same priority. The control laws are based on the dc-bus signaling. Every source of power (control node) is entering or leaving the network (dc-bus) depending on the voltage thresholds. The last one is a control strategy for hybrid electric vehicles based on the dynamic programming. Using the fuel converter (FC) fuel map, and SOC of the battery pack, it was designed an algorithm that will choose at each moment the required torque and speed from the first and second source of power.
Parallel Visualization Frameworks (2012)

Parallelization is the most common way to deal with the large data sets regularly generated by simulations or captured through experiments. This chapter seeks to answer key questions about frameworks for parallelizing visualization algorithms: What is the nature of these frameworks? How are they used? How do they parallelize processing? What problems result from parallelization? And how can optimizations be incorporated?
XBONE: A Hybrid Expert System for Supporting Diagnosis of Bone Diseases (1997)

In this paper, XBONE, a hybrid medical expert system that supports diagnosis of bone diseases is presented. Diagnosis is based on various patient data and is performed in two stages. In the early stage, diagnosis is based on demographic and clinical data of the patient, whereas in the late stage it is mainly based on nuclear medicine image data. Knowledge is represented via an integrated formalism that combines production rules and the Adaline artificial neural unit. Each condition of a rule is assigned a number, called its significance factor, representing its significance in drawing the conclusion of the rule. This results in better representation, reduction of the knowledge base size and gives the system learning capabilities.
Extracellular pH modulates the activity of cultured human osteoblasts (1998)

The effect of medium pH on the activity of cultured human osteoblasts was investigated in this study. Osteoblasts derived from explants of human trabecular bone were grown to confluence and subcultured. The first-pass cells were incubated in Hepes-buffered media at initial pHs adjusted from 7.0 to 7.8. Osteoblast function was evaluated by measuring lactate production, alkaline phosphatase activity, proline hydroxylation, DNA content, and thymidine incorporation. Changes in medium pH were determined from media pHs recorded at the beginning and end of the final 48 h incubation period. As medium pH increased through pH 7.6, collagen synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and thymidine incorporation increased. DNA content increased from pH 7.0 to 7.2, plateaued from pH 7.2 to 7.6, and increased again from pH 7.6 to 7.8. The changes in the medium pH were greatest at pHs 7.0 and 7.8, modest at pHs 7.4 and 7.6, and did not change at 7.2, suggesting that the pHs are migrating towards pH 7.2. Lactate production increased at pH 7.0 but remained constant from 7.2 to 7.8. These results suggest that in the pH range from 7.0-7.6 the activity of human osteoblasts increases with increasing pH, that this increase in activity does not require an increase in glycolytic activity, and that pH 7.2 may be the optimal pH for these cells.
Triggered Polycatenated DNA Scaffolds for DNA Sensors and Aptasensors by a Combination of Rolling Circle Amplification and DNAzyme Amplification (2010)

The concept of triggered polycatenated DNA scaffolds has been elegantly introduced into ultrasensitive biosensing applications by a combination of rolling circle amplification (RCA) and DNAzyme amplification. As compared to traditional methods in which one target could only initiate the formation of one circular template for RCA reaction, in the present study two species of linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) monomers are self-assembled into mechanically interlocked polycatenated nanostructures on capture probe-tagged magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) only upon the introduction of one base mutant DNA sequence as initiator for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis. The resultant topologically polycatenated DNA ladder is further available for RCA process by using the serially ligated circular DNA as template for the synthesis of hemin/G-quadruplex HRP-mimicking DNAzyme chains, which act as biocatalytic labels for the luminol-H(2)O(2) chemiluminescence (CL) system. Notably, the problem of high background induced by excess hemin itself is circumvented by immobilizing the biotinylated RCA products on streptavidin-modified MNPs via biotin-streptavidin interaction. Similarly, a universal strategy is contrived by substitutedly employing aptamer as initiator for the construction of polycatenated DNA scaffolds to accomplish ultrasensitive detection of proteins based on structure-switching of aptamer upon target binding, which is demonstrated by using thrombin as a model analyte in this study. Overall, with two successive amplification steps and one magnetic separation procedure, this flexible biosensing system exhibits not only high sensitivity and specificity with the detection limits of SNPs and thrombin as low as 71 aM and 6.6 pM, respectively, but also excellent performance in real human serum assay with no PCR preamplification for SNPs assay. Given the unique and attractive characteristics, this study illustrates the potential of DNA nanotechnology in bioanalytical applications for both fundamental and practical research.
Insulin-like Growth Factor I-mediated Activation of the Transcription Factor cAMP Response Element-binding Protein in PC12 Cells (1999)

IGF-I is known to support growth and to prevent apoptosis in neuronal cells. Activation of the nuclear transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) has emerged as a central determinant in neuronal functions. In the present investigation, we examined the IGF-I-mediated phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of CREB in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, a cellular model for neuronal differentiation, and defined three distinct postreceptor signaling pathways important for this effect including the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CREB phosphorylation at serine 133 and its transcriptional activation as measured by a CREB-specific Gal4-CREB reporter and the neuroendocrine-specific gene chromogranin A was induced 2-3.3-fold by insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. This activation was significantly blocked (p < 0.001) by the dominant negative K-CREB or by mutation of the CRE site. IGF-I stimulated chromogranin A gene expression by Northern blot analysis 3.7-fold. Inhibition of MAPK kinase with PD98059, PI 3-kinase with wortmannin, and p38 MAPK with SB203580 blocked IGF-I-mediated phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of CREB by 30-50% (p < 0.001). Constitutively active and dominant negative regulators of the Ras and PI 3-kinase pathways confirmed the contribution of these pathways for CREB regulation by IGF-I. Cotransfection of PC12 cells with p38beta and constitutively active MAPK kinase 6 resulted in enhanced basal as well as IGF-I-stimulated chromogranin A promoter. IGF-I activated p38 MAPK, which was blocked by the inhibitor SB203580. This is the first description of a p38 MAPK-mediated nuclear signaling pathway for IGF-I leading to CREB-dependent neuronal specific gene expression.
FLEXamers: A Double Tag for Universal Generation of Versatile Peptide-MHC Multimers (2019)

Peptide-MHC (pMHC) multimers have become a valuable tool for immunological research, clinical immune monitoring, and immunotherapeutic applications. Biotinylated tetramers, reversible Streptamers, or dye-conjugated pMHC multimers are distinct pMHC reagents tailored for T cell identification, traceless T cell isolation, or TCR characterization, respectively. The specific applicability of each pMHC-based reagent is made possible either through conjugation of probes or reversible multimerization in separate production processes, which is laborious, time-consuming, and prone to variability between the different types of pMHC reagents. This prohibits broad implementation of different types of pMHC reagents as a standard toolbox in routine clinical immune monitoring and immunotherapy. In this article, we describe a novel method for fast and standardized generation of any pMHC multimer reagent from a single precursor ("FLEXamer"). FLEXamers unite reversible multimerization and versatile probe conjugation through a novel double tag (Strep-tag for reversibility and Tub-tag for versatile probe conjugation). We demonstrate that FLEXamers can substitute conventional pMHC reagents in all state-of-the-art applications, considerably accelerating and standardizing production without sacrificing functional performance. Although FLEXamers significantly aid the applicability of pMHC-based reagents in routine workflows, the double tag also provides a universal tool for the investigation of transient molecular interactions in general.