gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-infection with Influenza A and COVID-19 (2020)

COVID-19 can co-occur with other viral infections.Some of these co-infections have active treatments, while supportive treatment is the mainstay of treatment for others.
The future of global English (2003)

After a while, any account of the social history of English, such as the one recounted in chapter 3 and 4, starts to repeat itself. Under each heading, the narrative identifies a major domain of modern society, puts it in a historical perspective, then discusses the extent to which it now uses or depends upon English. The overwhelming impression, after such an exercise, must be that the language is alive and well, and that its global future is assured.
Structural characterization of the isoforms of neonatal and adult rat liver metallothionein. (1984)

Metallothionein was purified from the livers of adult and neonatal rats. The complete amino acid sequences of isoforms I and II of Cd-induced adult metallothionein were determined by automated Edman degradation of CNBr and tryptic peptides of carboxymethylated proteins. Both isoproteins contain 61 residues, but differ at 12 of those positions. The positions of the 20 cysteinyl residues are invariant with respect to those in other known mammalian metallothioneins. Based on the following criteria, the two soluble and constitutive Zn-metallothionein isoforms from neonatal liver appear identical to their corresponding forms in the adult animal: 1) they behave identically on reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis; 2) their amino acid compositions are the same within experimental error; and 3) their amino acid sequences are identical in the first 23 residues, even though isoforms I and II differ in 7 of those positions. It appears highly likely that isoforms from both neonatal and adult rats are encoded by the same genes, and therefore that the large age-dependent concentration differences seen in the liver must be due to variation in gene regulation.
Magnetic susceptibility and order parameter of nematic liquid crystals as determined by a high-temperature SQUID magnetometer (1991)

The design and operation of a high-temperature measuring cell for SQUID magnetometers is described. It is demonstrated this device is well suited for precision measurements of magnetic susceptibility up to approximately 600 K. Thus, the SQUID method can be employed for the study of phase transitions of most thermotropic liquid crystals and LC polymers. To access the influence of molecular biaxiality on the determination of the order parameter, measurements were performed on a homologous series of four nematic oxybenzoate trimers varying in shape. Since the conformation of those model compounds is well known, the molecular susceptibility can be calculated by the incremental scheme devised by Flygare [Chem. Rev. 74, 653 (1974)]. Data obtained therefrom compare favorably with the values of the molecular susceptibility as extrapolated according to the Haller [Prog. Solid State Chem. 10, 103 (1975)] method.
Radioimmunodetection of Malignant Melanoma with the 225.28S Monoclonal Antibody to HMW-MAA (1986)

A review of the studies on the use of the antigen-antibody system HMW-MAA 225.28S in melanoma radioimmunodetection is reported. The results obtained in a pilot study (42 patients with 74 lesions), a multicenter trial (254 patients with 553 lesions) and a prospective study still outstanding (29 patients with 38 lesions) allow to consider this system as suitable for clinical application. F(ab')2 labelled with 99mTc gave the best results in terms of positivity. Moreover this radioisotope allows the best dosimetric conditions. The gamma energy emitted by this radionuclide is particularly convenient for conventional scintillation cameras and ECT. Very good results in terms of sensitivity (70%-85%) and especially specificity (about 100%) were achieved. Possible clinical applications of the method are discussed.
Une approche de classification non supervisée basée sur la notion des K plus proches voisins (1994)

La classification non supervisee a pour objectif de definir dans un ensemble de donnees des classes permettant de caracteriser la structure interne des donnees. C’est une technique tres utile dans de nombreux domaines technologiques comme en diagnostic des systemes complexes (pour la mise en evidence de modes de fonctionnement) et en vision par ordinateur (pour la segmentation d'image). Les methodes traditionnelles de la classification non supervisee presentent plusieurs problemes en pratique, par exemple, la necessite de prefixer le nombre de classes, le manque de strategie appropriee pour le reglage de parametres et la difficulte de valider le resultat obtenu. Dans cette these nous tentons d'apporter une solution a ces problemes en developpant une nouvelle approche basee sur la notion des K plus proches voisins. Alliant la detection de mode et la recherche de graphe refletant la proximite des donnees, cette approche identifie d'abord les centres de classe, puis construit une classe autour de chaque centre. Elle n'emploie aucune connaissance a priori sur les donnees et ne possede qu'un seul parametre. Une strategie de reglage de ce parametre a ete etablie apres une etude theorique et une analyse experimentale. L’idee est de rechercher la stabilite du resultat de classification. Des tests presentes dans ce memoire montrent une bonne performance de l'approche proposee ; elle est libre d'hypothese sur la nature des donnees, relativement robuste et facile a utiliser
Sapphire Cutting with Pulsed Fiber Lasers (2014)

Abstract Sapphire cutting is currently one of the largest emerging markets in laser materials processing. Sapphire is one of the hardest existing transparent materials. Its mechanical and optical properties made it the ideal and precious choice for various components like cover glasses of watches, displays of mobile devices, protection windows for cameras, or LED carriers. Sapphire cutting with solid state lasers ( e. g. lamp‐pumped solid state lasers) is well known since many years and has become a state‐of‐the‐art industrial process. However, achievable process speed and cut quality are limited, and running costs are relatively high. Recent advances in fiber laser, as well as short and ultra‐short pulsed laser technology have brought the sapphire cutting process to a new level of performance. Cutting speed and quality can be significantly improved at lower running costs.
Oral Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning in Mice (2003)

Abstract Objective: Organophosphates are used as pesticides, herbicides, and chemical warfare agents. Treatment of organophosphate poisoning is with intravenous atropine and pralidoxime in addition to supportive care. This study determined the efficacy of oral agents in preventing death from organophosphate poisoning. Methods: The organophosphate paraoxon (8 mg/kg) was used in a murine model with lethality at four and 24 hours as an end point. For oral treatment, 15 male Balbc mice were given either atropine sulfate (4 mg/kg), or a combination of atropine sulfate (4 mg/kg) with pralidoxime (100 mg/kg), by oral gavage. A control group of 22 mice received water by oral gavage. Chi‐square analysis was used to compare results in the different groups. Results: Of the control group, six of 22 survived to four hours after paraoxon exposure. Of the exposed animals treated with oral atropine, eight of 15 survived to four hours. Of the exposed animals treated with a combination of atropine and pralidoxime, 13 of 15 survived to four hours. All animals surviving to four hours survived to 24 hours. The increased survival of animals in the atropine group relative to the control group was not significant (p = 0.09). Survival was significant in the group treated with atropine and pralidoxime relative to atropine alone (p = 0.02) and to the control group (p = 0.0002). All treated mice surviving at four hours were alive at 24 hours. Conclusions: Both oral atropine and a combination of oral atropine and pralidoxime improved survival, and combination therapy achieved statistical significance. Generalization of this result to other organophosphate pesticides, other doses of paraoxon, and other species cannot be made without further investigations.
Common mode voltage reduction technique in a three‐to‐three phase indirect matrix converter (2017)

In this study, common mode voltage (CMV) reduction using space vector pulse‐width modulation (SVPWM) technique is proposed for a three‐phase induction motor drive fed by a three‐to‐three phase indirect matrix converter (MC). The proposed SVPWM effectively reduces the peak of the CMV without affecting the output voltage gain. By adopting the proposed SVPWM there is no change in the d v /d t of CMV at the terminal of the machine when compared to the existing method. The proposed control is possible by proper placement of zero vectors in the rectifier stage and discarding zero voltage vectors in the inverter stage of the indirect MC. The control technique is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Hardware setup is developed and control algorithm is implemented using dSPACE working in conjunction with the FPGA interface board. The results of the proposed SVPWM are compared with the existing method of CMV elimination and the improvement is established. The simulation results obtained are verified with the experimental results. The obtained results confirm a reduction of CMV by 48% (peak) and validate the viability of the proposed scheme in a three‐phase induction motor drive system.
Dynamic and Static Thermal Well Flow Control Simulation (2010)

Abstract A preliminary investigation is presented on the use of Inflow/Injection Control Devices (ICDs) to control steam placement in the early stages of a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process. The two parts of this process that are examined are the steam circulation period and the early stages of injection/production in which the steam chamber is beginning to form. A SAGD case study has been designed that accurately models the initial circulation period in which both wells circulate steam in order to conductively and, to a lesser extent, convectively heat the region around the well pair in order to establish communication after which both wells switch to injection and production. Flow control is examined in a variety of configurations in the steam injection well, the devices being placed to control steam/water flow along the tubing, along the annulus and from the tubing to the annulus.
Determinantal Point Processes for Machine Learning (2012)

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) are elegant probabilistic models of repulsion that arise in quantum physics and random matrix theory. In contrast to traditional structured models like Markov random fields, which become intractable and hard to approximate in the presence of negative correlations, DPPs offer efficient and exact algorithms for sampling, marginalization, conditioning, and other inference tasks. We provide a gentle introduction to DPPs, focusing on the intuitions, algorithms, and extensions that are most relevant to the machine learning community, and show how DPPs can be applied to real-world applications like finding diverse sets of high-quality search results, building informative summaries by selecting diverse sentences from documents, modeling nonoverlapping human poses in images or video, and automatically building timelines of important news stories.
Modulated Growth of Nanoparticles. Application for Sensing Nerve Gases (2008)

Hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine mediated by acetylcholine esterase yields the thiol-bearing compound thiocholine. At trace concentrations, thiocholine modulates the growth of Au-Ag nanoparticles on seeding gold nanoparticles in the presence of ascorbic acid. Inhibition of the enzyme by 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284c51) or by diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon) produces lower yields of thiocholine, promoting the catalytic growth of Au-Ag nanoparticles. Here, we describe the development of a simple and sensitive colorimetric assay for the detection of AChE inhibitors.
Expression of interleukin-8 by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (1992)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, produced by a variety of immune and nonimmune cells in response to exogenous and host-derived inflammatory stimuli. We demonstrate here that a suspension of normal bone marrow mononuclear cells, consisting principally of myeloid precursors, produces IL-8 in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IL-8-specific mRNA is rapidly induced, being detected first 30 min after stimulation. IL-8 is detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay within 2 h of stimulation, with steady a increase in its level through 72 h. Further studies demonstrated that LPS could serve as a primary stimulus for the expression of IL-8, since LPS challenge in the presence of cycloheximide resulted in superinduction of bone marrow mononuclear cell-derived IL-8 mRNA. These investigations suggest that the stimulatory effect of LPS is independent of other cytokines such as IL-1 beta. When compared with LPS, IL-1 beta proved to be a weak signal for the expression of IL-8 by bone marrow mononuclear cells. In a dose-response study, the maximum stimulatory concentration of IL-1 beta (300 pg/ml) resulted in the production of 500 pg of IL-8 per 10(6) cells, whereas 1 microgram of LPS resulted in the production of 5.5 ng/10(6) cells. Although IL-1 beta was not a particularly potent stimulus for IL-8 production by bone marrow mononuclear cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were highly susceptible to IL-1 beta challenge. In addition, the potential dependence of LPS-induced marrow-derived IL-8 production on the intermediate synthesis of IL-1 beta was further investigated. Results of studies assessing kinetics, addition of cycloheximide, and blocking with IL-1 beta neutralizing antibody were all consistent with the ability of LPS to directly induce bone marrow-derived IL-8 independently of IL-1 beta. These investigations demonstrate that bone marrow may be a significant source of IL-8 and may play a significant role in acute infectious, inflammatory responses.
Critical Currents in Melt-Textured YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> (2024)

YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> bars and wires textured by partial—melt-growth and zone—melting methods have been characterized. Specimens exhibited critical current densities (J<sub>c</sub>) greater than 10<sup>4</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> at 77 K in a 2 T field. The high J<sub>c</sub> values were related to the presence of low-angle grain boundaries and high concentrations of crystal defects. These defects were found to be effective flux-pinning centers.
Strong electrically tunable MoTe2/graphene van der Waals heterostructures for high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices (2016)

MoTe2 is an emerging two-dimensional layered material showing ambipolar/p-type conductivity, which makes it an important supplement to n-type two-dimensional layered material like MoS2. However, the properties based on its van der Waals heterostructures have been rarely studied. Here, taking advantage of the strong Fermi level tunability of monolayer graphene (G) and the feature of van der Waals interfaces that is free from Fermi level pinning effect, we fabricate G/MoTe2/G van der Waals heterostructures and systematically study the electronic and optoelectronic properties. We demonstrate the G/MoTe2/G FETs with low Schottky barriers for both holes (55.09 meV) and electrons (122.37 meV). Moreover, the G/MoTe2/G phototransistors show high photoresponse performances with on/off ratio, responsivity, and detectivity of ∼105, 87 A/W, and 1012 Jones, respectively. Finally, we find the response time of the phototransistors is effectively tunable and a mechanism therein is proposed to explain our observation. This work provides an alternative choice of contact for high-performance devices based on p-type and ambipolar two-dimensional layered materials.
Differentiation in erythroleukemic cells and their somatic hybrids. (1975)

Clones of erythroleukemic cells differ in the extent to which they (1) undergo differentiation spontaneously and (2) can be induced to differentiate in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide. Here we demonstrate that relative differences in globin gene expression within and between clones largely reflect differences in the proportion of cells participating in differentiation rather than uniform differences in the extent to which all cells in these clones undergo differentiation. We call this phenotype of a clone its characteristic probability of differentiation, a property that reflects the likelihood that a cell of this clone will undergo erythrodifferentiation under given conditions. We have examined somatic hybrid cells formed between similar erythroleukemic lines, between phenotypically different erythroleukemic lines, between phenotypically different erythroleukemic lines, and between erythroleukemic cells and mouse fibroblasts. Results of these experiments demonstrate that the spontaneous and induced probabilities of differentiation may be altered in an uncoupled fashion, suggesting that each is determined at different steps leading to a common pathway of globin gene expression.
Donor-derived CD19-targeted T cells in allogeneic transplants (2015)

Donor-derived CD19-CAR T cells may advance the field of CAR immunotherapy by controlling relapse in leukemic patients and improving the range of applications of ACT protocols.
<title>Rate quantization modeling for rate control of MPEG video coding and recording</title> (1995)

For MPEG video coding and recording applications, it is important to select quantization parameters at slice and macroblock levels to produce nearly constant quality image for a given bit count budget. A well designed rate control strategy can improve overall image quality for video transmission over a constant-bit-rate channel and fulfill editing requirement of video recording, where a certain number of new pictures are encoded to replace consecutive frames on the storage media using at most the same number of bits. In this paper, we developed a feedback method with a rate-quantization model, which can be adapted to changes in picture activities. The model is used for quantization parameter selection at the frame and slice level. Extra computations needed are modest. Experiments show the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed rate control method. A new bit allocation algorithm is then proposed for MPEG video coding.
Giant cell angiofibroma of the orbit and eyelid (1999)

Giant cell angiofibroma resembles solitary fibrous tumor and giant cell fibroblastoma and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle-cell tumors in the eyelid, orbit, and conjunctiva.
Collective cell migration in development (2009)

Collective cell migration is a key process during the development of most organisms. It can involve either the migration of closely packed mesenchymal cells that make dynamic contacts with frequently changing neighbour cells, or the migration of epithelial sheets that typically display more stable cell-cell interactions and less frequent changes in neighbours. These collective movements can be controlled by short- or long-range dynamic gradients of extracellular signalling molecules, depending on the number of cells involved and their distance of migration. These gradients are sensed by some or all of the migrating cells and translated into directed migration, which in many settings is further modulated by cell-contact-mediated attractive or repulsive interactions that result in contact-following or contact-inhibition of locomotion, respectively. Studies of collective migration of groups of epithelial cells during development indicate that, in some cases, only leader cells sense and migrate up an external signal gradient, and that adjacent cells follow through strong cell-cell contacts. In this Commentary, I review studies of collective cell migration of differently sized cell populations during the development of several model organisms, and discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that coordinate this migration.
A Knowledge-Based Approach to Exception Handling in Workflow Systems (1998)

This paper describes a novel knowledge-based approach for helping workflow process designers and participants better manage the exceptions (deviations from an ideal collaborative work process caused by errors, failures, resource or requirements changes etc.) that can occur during the enactment of a workflow. This approach is based on exploiting a generic and reusable body of knowledge concerning what kinds of exceptions can occur in collaborative work processes, how these exceptions can be detected, and how they can be resolved. This work builds upon previous efforts from the MIT Process Handbook project and from research on conflict management in collaborative design.
Prevalence of Catalase (-21 A/T) Gene Variant in South Indian (Tamil) Population (2014)

Catalase, an endogenous antioxidant enzyme, is responsible for regulating reactive species levels. Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that single nucleotide polymorphism in catalase gene may be associated with many diseases. The genotype of CAT (-21 A/T) point mutation in promoter region of catalase gene was determined by polymerase chain based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in the DNA of 100 healthy volunteers. The frequency of CAT (-21 A/T) gene polymorphism AA, AT, and TT genotypes was found to be 7, 23, and 70 percent, respectively. The mutant "T" allele frequency was found to be 0.82 among the south Indian (Tamil) population. Chi square analysis showed that the study population lies within the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The wild type genotype (AA) was found to be very low (7%) and the mutant genotype (AT/TT) was found to be more prevalent (93%) among the south Indian population. This suggests that the high prevalence of mutant genotype may increase the susceptibility to oxidative stress associated diseases.
Rifaximin and Helicobacter pylori eradication. (1998)

In this study, we tested the effectiveness of Rifaximin, a surface antibiotic which is not absorbed when given orally, in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP). The drug was combined in triple therapy either with Amoxicillin and Omeprazole or with Erythromycin-ethylsuccinate and Omeprazole. Twenty-three patients complaining of dyspeptic symptoms and gastric infection due to HP were evaluated. The patients were randomly given one of the following therapeutic protocols: Rifaximin susp. 600 mg/day x 3/day (at least two hours after meals: 10:00 am, 2:00 pm, 9:00 pm), Amoxicillin tab. 1 g x 2/day (at least two hours after meals: 10:00 am, 9:00 pm), Omeprazole tab. 40 mg/day (in the morning before breakfast) (protocol A) and Rifaximin susp. 600 mg/day x 3/day and Erythromycin-ethylsuccinate tab. 600 mg x 3/day (at least two hours after meals: 10:00 am, 2:00 pm, 9:00 pm), Omeprazole tab. 40 mg/day (in the morning before breakfast) (protocol B). Both therapeutic protocols were prescribed for two weeks. At least one month after the end of the treatment the patients were controlled to ascertain eradication of the infection. The follow-up carried out after treatment showed that HP infection was eradicated in 6 of 10 patients in the first group (protocol A) and in 1 of 10 in the second group (protocol B). These patients were HP-negative in all the tests performed: histological, CP-TEST, culture test. The data collected showed a reasonable level of effectiveness of the protocol using the combination Rifaximin-Amoxicillin and Omeprazole. However, they do not differ from the reported data in the literature which show a similar effectiveness of the combination Omeprazole-Amoxicillin at the same doses. Different formulations that makes it possible for the drug to reach these "protected areas" would probably be more effective.
The TraDIS toolkit: sequencing and analysis for dense transposon mutant libraries (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.