gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Dual-Sensitive Vesicles for Enhanced Glucose-Responsive Insulin Delivery (2017)

A glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin delivery system mimicking pancreas activity without long-term side effect has the potential to improve diabetic patients' health and quality of life. Here, we developed a novel glucose-responsive insulin delivery device using a painless microneedle-array patch containing insulin-loaded vesicles. Formed by self-assembly of hypoxia and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dual-sensitive diblock copolymer, the glucose-responsive polymersome-based vesicles (d-GRPs) can disassociate and subsequently release insulin triggered by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and hypoxia generated during glucose oxidation catalyzed by glucose specific enzyme. Moreover, the d-GRPs were able to eliminate the excess H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which may lead to free radical-induced damage to skin tissue during the long-term usage and reduce the activity of GOx. In vivo experiments indicated that this smart insulin patch could efficiently regulate the blood glucose in the chemically induced type 1 diabetic mice for 10 h.
Mutant chaperonin proteins: new tools for nanotechnology (2007)

Much effort has gone into finding peptides that bind potentially useful nanoparticles, but relatively little effort has focused on the scaffolds that organize these peptides into useful nanostructures. Chaperonins are protein complexes with 14?18 protein subunits that self-assemble into double-ring complexes and function as scaffolds for peptides or amino acids that bind metallic and semiconductor quantum dots. The utility of chaperonins as scaffolds depends on their structure and their ability to self-assemble into double-rings and higher-order structures, such as filaments and two-dimensional arrays. To better understand the structure of chaperonins, we constructed a model of a group II chaperonin and, based on this model, genetically constructed five mutant subunits with significant deletions. We expressed these mutants as recombinant proteins and observed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that they all self-assembled into double rings. Our model predicted and TEM confirmed that these deletions did not significantly change the 17?nm diameter of the wild-type double rings, but decreased their height and opened their central cavities. Four of the five mutants formed higher-order structures: chains of rings, bundles of chains or filaments, and two-dimensional arrays, which we suggest can be useful nanostructures.
Towards Optimal Resource Allocation in Partial-Fault Tolerant Applications (2008)

We introduce Zen, a new resource allocation framework that assigns application components to node clusters to achieve high availability for partial-fault tolerant (PFT) applications. These applications have the characteristic that under partial failures, they can still produce useful output though the output quality may be reduced. Thus, the primary goal of resource allocation for PFT applications is to prevent, delay, or minimize the impact of failures on the application output quality. This paper is the first to approach this resource allocation problem from a theoretical perspective, and obtains a series of results regarding component assignments that provide the highest service availability under the constraints imposed by the application data flow graph and the hosting clusters. We show that (1) even simple versions of this resource allocation problem are NP-Hard, (2) a 2-approximate polynomial-time algorithm works for tree topologies, and (3) a simple greedy component placement performs well in practice for general application topologies. We implement a system prototype to study the application availability achieved by Zen compared to failure-oblivious placement, replication, and Zen+replication. Our experimental results show that three PFT applications achieve significant data output quality and availability benefits using Zen.
Enhanced photoresponse of a metal-oxide-semiconductor photodetector with silicon nanocrystals embedded in the oxide layer (2007)

The authors report a two-terminal metal-oxide-semiconductor photodetector for which light is absorbed in a capping layer of silicon nanocrystals embedded in a mesoporous silica matrix on p-type silicon substrates. Operated at reverse bias, enhanced photoresponse from 300to700nm was observed. The highest optoelectronic conversion efficiency is as high as 200%. The enhancements were explained by a transistorlike mechanism, in which the inversion layer acts as the emitter and trapped positive charges in the mesoporous dielectric layer assist carrier injection from the inversion layer to the contact, such that the primary photocurrent could be amplified.
Real-time detection of probe loss in atomic force microscopy (2006)

In this letter, a real-time methodology is developed to determine regions of dynamic atomic force microscopy based image where the cantilever fails to be an effective probe of the sample. Conventional imaging signals such as the amplitude signal and the vertical piezoactuation signal cannot identify the areas of probe loss. It is experimentally demonstrated that probe-loss affected portion of the image can be unambiguously identified by a real-time signal called reliability index. Reliability index, apart from indicating the probe-loss affected regions, can be used to minimize probe-loss affected regions of the image, thus aiding high speed AFM applications.
Efficient peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence from reactions of N-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)oxamides with hydrogen peroxide and fluorescers (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence from reactions of N-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)oxamides with hydrogen peroxide and fluorescersShin-Shyong Tseng, Arthur G. Mohan, Linda G. Haines, Lourdes S. Vizcarra, and Michael M. RauhutCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 23, 4113–4116Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01337a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01337a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytomegalovirus pp65 limits dissemination but is dispensable for persistence (2014)

The most abundantly produced virion protein in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the immunodominant phosphoprotein 65 (pp65), which is frequently included in CMV vaccines. Although it is nonessential for in vitro CMV growth, pp65 displays immunomodulatory functions that support a potential role in primary and/or persistent infection. To determine the contribution of pp65 to CMV infection and immunity, we generated a rhesus CMV lacking both pp65 orthologs (RhCMVΔpp65ab). While deletion of pp65ab slightly reduced growth in vitro and increased defective particle formation, the protein composition of secreted virions was largely unchanged. Interestingly, pp65 was not required for primary and persistent infection in animals. Immune responses induced by RhCMVΔpp65ab did not prevent reinfection with rhesus CMV; however, reinfection with RhCMVΔUS2-11, which lacks viral-encoded MHC-I antigen presentation inhibitors, was prevented. Unexpectedly, induction of pp65b-specific T cells alone did not protect against RhCMVΔUS2-11 challenge, suggesting that T cells targeting multiple CMV antigens are required for protection. However, pp65-specific immunity was crucial for controlling viral dissemination during primary infection, as indicated by the marked increase of RhCMVΔpp65ab genome copies in CMV-naive, but not CMV-immune, animals. Our data provide rationale for inclusion of pp65 into CMV vaccines but also demonstrate that pp65-induced T cell responses alone do not recapitulate the protective effect of natural infection.
Structural Heteropolysaccharide Adhesion to the Glycocalyx of Visceral Mesothelium (2017)

Bioadhesives are biopolymers with potential applications in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Pectin, a plant-based heteropolysaccharide, has recently demonstrated potential as a mucoadhesive in the gut. Since mucoadhesion is a process likely involving the interpenetration of the pectin polymer with mucin chains, we hypothesized that pectin may also be effective at targeting the glycocalyx of the visceral mesothelium. To explore the potential role of pectin as a mesothelial bioadhesive, we studied the interaction of various pectin formulations with the mesothelium of the lung, liver, bowel, and heart. Tensile strength, peel strength, and shear resistance of the bioadhesive-mesothelial interaction were measured by load/displacement measurements. In both high-methoxyl pectins (HMP) and low-methoxyl pectins, bioadhesion was greatest with an equal weight % formulation with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The tensile strength of the high-methoxyl pectin was consistently greater than low-methoxyl or amidated low-methoxyl formulations (p < 0.05). Consistent with a mechanism of polymer-glycocalyx interpenetration, the HMP adhesion to tissue mesothelium was reversed with hydration and limited by enzyme treatment (hyaluronidase, pronase, and neuraminidase). Peel and shear forces applied to the lung/pectin adhesion resulted in a near-interface structural failure and the efficient isolation of intact en face pleural mesothelium. These data indicate that HMP, in an equal weight % mixture with CMC, is a promising mesothelial bioadhesive for use in experimental and therapeutic applications.
A RCHITECTURES A ND P ROTOCOLS F OR M OBILITY M ANAGEMENT I N A LL -IP M OBILE N ETWORKS (2008)

Handovers may cause delays and packet losses that affect real-time communication performance. Mobility protocols at several layers are designed to support handover, but they need to be optimized to ensure high-quality application performance. Existing optimization techniques are not sufficient to take care of interdomain and intertechnology handovers involving different access technologies, such as Wi-Fi, GSM, CDMA, and WiMAX. We categorize several types of handover, describe handover delay components, and propose a handover optimization framework called Media Independent Pre-Authentication that can provide optimizations for interdomain and intertechnology handover in a manner that is transparent to mobility management protocols. In addition, we also present experimental results demonstrating that this framework can achieve a significant reduction in handover delays for both network-layer and application-layer mobility management protocols.
Analysis of Bisdioxopiperazine Dexrazoxane Binding to Human DNA Topoisomerase II α:  Decreased Binding as a Mechanism of Drug Resistance (2003)

Topoisomerase II is an ATP-operated clamp that effects topological changes by capturing a double stranded DNA segment and transporting it through another DNA molecule. Despite the extensive use of topoisomerase II-targeted drugs in cancer chemotherapy and the impact of drug resistance on the efficacy of treatment, much remains unknown concerning the interactions between these agents and topoisomerase II. To identify the interaction of the bisdioxopiperazine dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) with topoisomerase II, we developed a rapid gel-filtration assay and characterized the binding of ((3)H)-dexrazoxane to human topoisomerase II alpha. Dexrazoxane binds to human topoisomerase II alpha in the presence of DNA and ATP with an apparent K(d) of 23 microM and a stoichiometry of 1 drug molecule per enzyme dimer. Various N-terminal single amino acid substitutions in human topoisomerase II alpha that were previously shown to confer specific bisdioxopiperazine resistance either totally abolished drug binding or resulted in less efficient binding. The effect of the various mutations on drug binding correlated well with their effect on drug resistance in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, an altered active site tyrosine mutant of human topoisomerase II alpha, which is incapable of carrying out DNA strand passage, was unable to bind dexrazoxane, which agrees with the drug's proposed mechanism of action late in the topoisomerase II catalytic cycle. The direct correlation between the level of drug binding and dexrazoxane resistance is consistent with a decreased drug binding mechanism of action for these dexrazoxane resistance conferring mutations.
Theory of Multi-tube Carbon Nanotube Transistors for High Speed Variation-Tolerant Circuits (2008)

In this paper, a multi-tube transistor (MTx) structure is proposed to reduce the burden of technology development for fabricating perfectly ordered array of nanotubes. The proposed MTx architecture accounts for variations and non-idealities that occur in CNFETs. MTx with short transistor channel length operates differently from the long channel CNT-based TFTs where the carriers hop from tube to tube in a percolation network.
Chemical inactivators as sterilization agents for bovine collagen materials (1997)

The use of collagen as a biomedical implant raises safety issues with regard to viruses and prions. Specific chemical agents that inactivate prion infectivity could be applied to collagen implants. The physiochemical changes and the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of collagen treated by formic acid (FA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), tetrafluoroethanol (TFE), and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) were investigated. In addition, the effects of these treatments on nucleic acids incorporated in collagen were analyzed. The molecules of FA and, more important, of TFA remained within collagen. FA, TFA, and HFIP treatments modify the secondary structure of collagen, as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while TFE does not. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed a decrease in the denaturation temperature compared to untreated collagen. However, resistance to collagenase was modified only after HFIP treatment. In vitro, cell growth was not impaired; in vivo, implants induced a temporary inflammatory reaction that was prolonged with TFA and HFIP treatments. TFE and FA-treated collagen were thoroughly infiltrated by fibroblasts. On the other hand, FA and TFA resulted in extensive depurination of nucleic acids while HFIP and TFE did so to a lesser degree. Among the investigated chemical scrapie inactivators, FA treatment could offer a safe and biocompatible collagen-derived material for biomedical use. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 37, 212–221, 1997.
The expected running time of hierarchical collision detection (2005)

We propose a model to analyze the expected running time of hierarchical collision detection that utilizes bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs). It depends on two characteristic parameters: the overlap of the root BVs and the BV diminishing factor within the hierarchies. We show that the average running time is in O(n) or even in O(log n) for realistic cases, where n is the number of leaves. Our theoretical analysis is verified by practical experiments.
A novel decision function and the associated decision-feedback learning for speech translation (2011)

In this paper we report our recent development of an end-to-end integrative design methodology for speech translation. Specifically, a novel decision function is proposed based on the Bayesian analysis, and the associated discriminative learning technique is presented based on the decision-feedback principle. The decision function in our end-to-end design methodology integrates acoustic scores, language model scores and translation scores to refine the translation hypotheses and to determine the best translation candidate. This Bayesian-guided decision function is then embedded into the training process that jointly learns the parameters in speech recognition and machine translation sub-systems in the overall speech translation system. The resulting decision-feedback learning takes a functional form similar to the minimum classification error training. Experimental results obtained on the IWSLT DIALOG 2010 database showed that the proposed system outperformed the baseline system in terms of BLEU score by 2.3 points.
Thin-film sparse boundary array design for passive acoustic mapping during ultrasound therapy (2012)

A new 2-D hydrophone array for ultrasound therapy monitoring is presented, along with a novel algorithm for passive acoustic mapping using a sparse weighted aperture. The array is constructed using existing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrasound sensor technology, and is utilized for its broadband characteristics and its high receive sensitivity. For most 2-D arrays, high-resolution imagery is desired, which requires a large aperture at the cost of a large number of elements. The proposed array's geometry is sparse, with elements only on the boundary of the rectangular aperture. The missing information from the interior is filled in using linear imaging techniques. After receiving acoustic emissions during ultrasound therapy, this algorithm applies an apodization to the sparse aperture to limit side lobes and then reconstructs acoustic activity with high spatiotemporal resolution. Experiments show verification of the theoretical point spread function, and cavitation maps in agar phantoms correspond closely to predicted areas, showing the validity of the array and methodology.
Structural and functional correlates of a mutation in the malignant hyperthermia‐susceptible pig ryanodine receptor (1992)

The skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor of malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) pigs contains a mutation at residue 615 that is highly correlated with various abnormalities in the regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ channel activity. In isolated SR membranes the Arg615 to Cys615 ryanodine receptor mutation is now shown to be directly responsible for an altered tryptic peptide map, due to the elimination of the Arg615 cleavage site. Furthermore, trypsin treatment released 86-99 kDa ryanodine receptor fragments encompassing residue 615 from the SR membranes. We conclude that the 86-99 kDa domain containing residue 615 is near the cytoplasmic surface of the ryanodine receptor and likely near important Ca2+ channel regulatory sites.
A novel visualization method for the ribs within chest volume data (2006)

The ribs within computed tomography (CT) images form curved structures intersecting the axial plane at oblique angles. Rib metastases and other pathologies of the rib are apparent in CT images. Analysis of the ribs using conventional 2D axial slice viewing involves manually tracking them through multiple slices. 3D visualization of the ribs also has drawbacks due to occlusion. Examination of a single rib may require repositioning the viewpoint several times in order to avoid other ribs. We propose a novel visualization method that eliminates rib curvatures by straightening each rib along its centerline. This reduces both 2D and 3D viewing complexities. Our method is based upon first segmenting and extracting the centerlines of each rib. These steps are done through a tracing based segmentation. Next, the centerlines are refined to a smoother contour. Each centerline is then used to resample and digitally straighten each rib. The result is a simplified volume containing only the straightened ribs, which can be quickly examined both in 3D and by scrolling through a series of about 40 slices. Additionally, a projection of the image can yield a single 2D image for examination. The method was tested on chest CT images obtained from patients both positive and negative for rib metastases. Running time was less than 15 seconds per dataset. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of the visualization in detecting and delineating these metastases.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of 2-(N-Substituted)-aminobenzimidazoles as Potent Negative Gating Modulators of Small Conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Activated K<sup>+</sup> Channels (2008)

Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK channels) participate in the control of neuronal excitability, in the shaping of action potential firing patterns, and in the regulation of synaptic transmission.SK channel inhibitors have the potential of becoming new drugs for treatment of various psychiatric and neurological diseases such as depression, cognition impairment, and Parkinson's disease. In the present study we describe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a class of 2-(N-substituted)-2-aminobenzimidazoles that constitute a novel class of selective SK channel inhibitors that, in contrast to classical SK inhibitors, do not block the pore of the channel. The pore blocker apamin is not displaced by these compounds in binding studies, and they still inhibit SK channels in which the apamin binding site has been abolished by point mutations. These novel SK inhibitors shift the concentration-response curve for Ca2+ toward higher values and represent the first example of negative gating modulation as a mode-of-action for inhibition of SK channels. The first described compound in this class is NS8593 (14), and the most potent analogue identified in this study is the racemic compound 39 (NS11757), which reversibly inhibits SK3-mediated currents with a K(d) value of 9 nM.
Isolated receptor binding domains of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 envelopes bind Glut-1 on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (2007)

Transfection of Glut-1 directly correlates with the capacities of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 envelope-derived ligands to bind cells. Moreover, Glut-1 is induced by TCR engagement, resulting in massive increases in glucose uptake and binding of HTLV-1 and -2 envelopes to both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Therefore, Glut-1 is a primary binding receptor for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 envelopes on activated CD4 as well as CD8 lymphocytes.
A novel waveguide-to-microstrip transition for low-cost millimeter-wave and MMIC applications (2002)

A novel waveguide (w/g)-to-microstrip transition has been developed using a new design methodology based on iris coupling. The current design exhibits reduced sensitivity to w/g backshort position and yields a low-cost, hermetically-sealed transition. A 44 GHz-band design on alumina and a 94 GHz-band design on z-cut quartz were implemented, both exhibiting better than 22 dB return loss at their center frequencies with less than 0.3 dB insertion loss, with a greater than 10% bandwidth.