gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant property of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. (2006)

Aromatic edible root of D. hamiltonii was subjected to the extraction of the antioxidant rich fraction. Different parts of root namely whole tuber, peel, tuber without peel and medullary portion were extracted with dichloromethane (European Patent No. W02005063272). The extract was found to contain flavor compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2H4MB), which was identified by TLC and GC. Medullary portion was found to be rich in 2H4MB, (73.73 mg g(-1) dry tissue) followed by peel, containing 68.34 mg g(-1) 2H4MB. Different concentration of dichloromethane extracts were subjected for antioxidant assay by DPPH (1,1 dihydroxy 2-picryl hydrazyl) method, this has shown 44, 46.7% radical scavenging activity in case of medullary, peel extracts and 67.3% in case of pure 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde at 100 ppm concentration, whereas ascorbic acid used as standard showed 94.3% activity. In beta-carotene linoleate model system (b-CLAMS) 43.46 and 45.7% antioxidant activity was observed in medullary and peel extracts at 100 ppm concentrations respectively, whereas standard 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde exhibited 69.64% at 100 ppm and BHA (butylated hydroxyl anisole) 90.1% activity also at 100-ppm level. Similarly hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was found to be 48.36, 46.86, 48.26 and 73.60% in whole tuber, medullary, peel and standard 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde respectively at 100 ppm levels. This is the first report on the antioxidant activity of D. hamiltonii. Results have shown that 2H4MB is one of the major constituents responsible for antioxidant activity. Hence the extract of D. hamiltonii can be utilized for the production of antioxidant rich fractions required for various health benefits.
Engineering bacterial toxin for the development of new vaccine against pertussis. (1988)

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough. The cellular pertussis vaccine introduced in the forties is highly effective and is widely used, but its reactogenicity has led to public concern regarding its safety. The attempts to reduce the side effects associated with pertussis immunization have led to the preparation of acellular B. pertussis products: one composed of detoxified pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), another one composed only of detoxified PT and a third vaccine composed of detoxified PT, FHA and serotypes 1, 3 of fimbriae. In our laboratories we have approached the study of pertussis toxin, the molecule present in all the proposed acellular pertussis vaccines and one of the main virulence factors of B. Pertussis, with the aim of producing new acellular pertussis vaccines by using recombinant DNA techniques.
Ground Plane Boosters as a Compact Antenna Technology for Wireless Handheld Devices (2011)

The increasing demand for multifunctional wireless devices has fostered the need to reduce the space devoted to the antenna in order to favor the integration of multiple and new functionalities. This fact becomes a challenge for the handset antenna designers who have to develop antennas capable of providing multi-band operation constrained by physical limitations. This proposal consists in a radiating system capable of providing multi-band operation without the need of an antenna element, by properly exciting the efficient radiation modes associated to the ground plane structure. In this sense, the typical volume devoted to a handset antenna is reduced by a factor of 20. The electrical model approximation of the radiating structure leads to the radiofrequency system design able to provide multi-band operation. The feasibility of the proposal has been tested by electromagnetic simulations as well as by experimental measurements regarding the main antenna parameters: reflection coefficient, efficiency, and radiation patterns. Furthermore, the human head interaction concerning biological compatibility in terms of SAR (Specific absorption rate) has been measured and a solution for its reduction is presented. As a result, a promising standard solution for a radiating system capable to operate in the main communication standards GSM850, GSM900, DCS, PCS and UMTS is provided with a volume reduction factor around 20.
Doppler geolocation with drifting carrier (2011)

This paper describes a particle filter approach to improve passive Doppler geolocation of non-cooperative radio frequency (RF) emitters from measurements collected on-board a single moving sensor. Existing Doppler-based geolocation techniques assume that the emitter's carrier frequency is unknown but stable over the course of the triangulation. However, this assumption is often violated by today's commercial devices that have manufacturing tolerances that allow significant carrier drift, and the application of static optimization procedures to this non-stationary state description often leads to nonsensical answers. This paper proposes a recursive approach based on particle filters that tracks the non-stationary carrier drift while discretely representing the emitter's multi-modal state space through time to ultimately converge to the true emitter location. The new approach is compared to Newton optimization and extended Kalman filter (EKF) based solutions.
Piezoelectric Diffraction-Based Optical Switches (2003)

Piezoelectric diffraction-based optoelectronic devices have been invented to satisfy requirements for switching signals quickly among alternative optical paths in optical communication networks. These devices are capable of operating with switching times as short as microseconds or even nanoseconds in some cases.
A distributed storage system allowing application users to reserve I/O performance in advance for achieving SLA (2010)

Performance assurance has become an important aspect in grid and cloud computing which provide services over the Internet, and Service Level Agreements (SLA) are frequently contracted between users and the service providers. However, the I/O performance of the storage or data access service is still provided on a best effort basis. Some distributed storage systems implement performance reservation, but the reservation is implemented inside of the storage and works in an adaptive manner. In order to promise performance guarantees to users, we propose a distributed storage system allowing application users to explicitly make an advanced and time-based reservation for I/O access and storage space. Thus the requested performance is guaranteed during the reserved time. This paper describes our proposed concept and the design architecture of the storage system, including the reservation interface, resource management and I/O control frameworks. Then it explains our prototype which implements a simple resource allocation strategy and I/O control of the storage network along the design. The experiment results using the prototype are also shown. They indicate that the reservation cost entailed only a low performance impact on users, and that the requested performance was achieved by the reservation feature.
The chiral qubit: quantum computing with chiral anomaly (2020)

The quantum chiral anomaly enables a nearly dissipationless current in the presence of chirality imbalance and magnetic field -- this is the Magnetic Effect (CME), observed recently in Dirac and Weyl semimetals. Here we propose to utilize the CME for the design of qubits potentially capable of operating at THz frequency, room temperature, and the coherence time to gate time ratio of about $10^4$. The proposed Chiral Qubit is a micron-scale ring made of a Weyl or Dirac semimetal, with the $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$ quantum states corresponding to the symmetric and antisymmetric superpositions of quantum states describing chiral fermions circulating along the ring clockwise and counter-clockwise. A fractional magnetic flux through the ring induces a quantum superposition of the $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$ quantum states. The entanglement of qubits can be implemented through the near-field THz frequency electromagnetic fields.
Use of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Diagnosis of Failure of Transfer of Passive Immunity and Measurement of Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Horses (2007)

The overall performance of the IR-based test was similar to that of the colorimetric assay and was superior and more economic than other available tests.
22.3 A 4-to-11GHz injection-locked quarter-rate clocking for an adaptive 153fJ/b optical receiver in 28nm FDSOI CMOS (2015)

Modern SoC systems impose stringent requirements on on-chip clock generation and distribution. Ring-oscillator (RO) based injection-locked (IL) clocking has been used in the past to provide a low-power, low-area and low-jitter solution. Ring-based injection-locked oscillators (ILO) can also be used to generate quadrature phases from a reference clock without frequency division, which is desirable for half-rate and quarter-rate CDR. However, ILO inherently has a small locking range making it less suitable for wideband applications. In addition, drift in the free-running frequency due to PVT variations may lead to poor jitter performance and locking failures. Adding a PLL to an ILO provides frequency tracking. However, PLL-aided techniques have second-order characteristics that lead to jitter peaking. They also add design complexity and power consumption . We present a frequency-tracking method that exploits the dynamics of IL in a quadrature RO to increase the effective locking range. This quadrature locked loop (QLL) is used to generate accurate clock phases for a 4-channel optical receiver using a forwarded clock at quarter-rate. The QLL drives an ILO at each channel without any repeaters for local quadrature clock generation. Each local ILO has deskew capability for phase alignment. The receiver maintains per-bit energy consumption across wide data-rates (16 to 32Gb/s) by adaptive body biasing (BB) in a 28nm FDSOI technology.
Protecting Intellectual Property of Deep Neural Networks with Watermarking (2018)

Deep learning technologies, which are the key components of state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) services, have shown great success in providing human-level capabilities for a variety of tasks, such as visual analysis, speech recognition, and natural language processing and etc. Building a production-level deep learning model is a non-trivial task, which requires a large amount of training data, powerful computing resources, and human expertises. Therefore, illegitimate reproducing, distribution, and the derivation of proprietary deep learning models can lead to copyright infringement and economic harm to model creators. Therefore, it is essential to devise a technique to protect the intellectual property of deep learning models and enable external verification of the model ownership.
An edge-endpoint-based configurable hardware architecture for VLSI CAD layout design rule checking (2003)

Design rule checking (DRC) is an important step in VLSI design in which the widths and spacings of design features in a VLSI circuit layout are checked against the design rules of a particular fabrication process. In the past, some efforts to build hardware accelerators for DRC have been proposed, but these efforts were hobbled by the fact that it is often impractical to build a different rule-checking ASIC each time design rules or fabrication processes change. In this paper, we propose a configurable hardware approach to DRC. Because the rule-checking is built in configurable hardware, it can garner impressive speedups over software approaches, while retaining the flexibility needed to easily change the rule checker as rules or processes change. Our work proposes an edge-endpoints-based method for performing Manhattan geometry checking; this approach is particularly well-suited to the constraints of configurable hardware. Although design rules do change over time, their intrinsic similarity allows us to propose a general scalable architecture for DRC. We then demonstrate our approach by applying this architecture to a set of design rules for the MOSIS SCN4N SUB process. The hardware required per rule is quite small; we have implemented several design rule checks within a single Xilinx XC4013 FPGA. Our hardware, implemented on a Pamette board, runs at a clock rate of 33 MHz. We also compare the performance of our approach to software methods and demonstrate overall speedups in excess of 25X.
TECHNIQUE FOR IMAGING USING VIRTUAL ARRAY OF SOURCES (TIVAS) (2011)

A new phased array inspection scheme, called Technique to Image using Virtual Array Sources (TIVAS), is proposed to image defects at deeper locations with good lateral resolution. An array of virtual focal spots using electronic beam forming and the expanded aperture through electronic linear scanning was employed to achieve significant increase in the focal depths, with improved SNR, when compared to single element array imaging or the conventional phased array focusing technique. The image reconstruction was performed using the well known synthetic focusing approach. In this paper, the role of the depth of focus and the focal spot size on the performance of TIVAS were studied semi‐analytically and through FDTD simulations. It was observed smaller virtual focal spot size provides improved lateral resolution and there is an optimum depth of focus for the smallest focal spot size achievable for a array transducer. Experiments were carried out to validate these findings.
Automated in-camera detection of flash eye-defects (2005)

This work examines the problem of performing automatic real-time detection of flash eye defects (redeye) in the firmware of a digital camera. Several different algorithms are compared, and timing and memory requirements on several embedded architectures are presented. A discussion on advanced in-camera techniques to improve on standard algorithms is also presented.
Chemical Preparation of the Eye in Ophthalmic Surgery (1985)

We previously found that half-strength (5%) povidone-iodine solution significantly reduced the bacterial flora of the conjunctiva. To compare the antibacterial effect of a topical combination antibiotic (Neosporin ophthalmic solution) given three times daily for three days preoperatively with that of half-strength povidone-iodine solution given as part of the preoperative preparation, conjunctival cultures were studied from 35 patients undergoing ocular surgery. When used individually, the antibiotic and povidone-iodine solutions caused a similar and substantial decrease in the number of colonies and species of bacteria cultured. When both drugs were used together, the decrease was even more striking, making 83% of the conjunctivae sterile. To minimize bacterial flora before ocular surgery, we recommend that a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic be given for three days preoperatively and that half-strength povidone-iodine solution be used as part of the preoperative preparation.
Practical measurement-based spectral rendering of human skin (2018)

Realistic appearance modeling of human skin is an important research topic with a variety of application in computer graphics. Various diffusion based BSSRDF models [Jensen et al. 2001, Donner and Jensen 2005, Donner and Jensen 2006] have been introduced in graphics to efficiently simulate subsurface scattering in skin including modeling its layered structure. These models however assume homogeneous subsurface scattering parameters and produce spatial color variation using an albedo map. In this work, we build upon the spectral scattering model of [Donner and Jensen 2006] and target a practical measurement-based rendering approach for such a spectral BSSRDF. The model assumes scattering in the two primary layers of skin (epidermis and dermis respectively) can be modeled with relative melanin and hemoglobin chromophore concentrations respectively. To drive this model for realistic rendering, we employ measurements of skin patches using an off-the-shelf Miravex Antera 3D camera which provides spatially varying maps of these chromophore concentrations as well as corresponding 3D surface geometry (see Figure 1) using a custom imaging setup.
An Antisense Gene Stimulates Ethylene Hormone Production during Tomato Fruit Ripening. (1992)

The ripening of many fruits is controlled by an increase in ethylene hormone concentration. E8 is a fruit ripening protein that is related to the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) oxidase. To determine the function of E8, we have transformed tomato plants with an E8 antisense gene. We show here that the antisense gene inhibits the accumulation of E8 protein during ripening. Whereas others have shown that reduction of ACC oxidase results in reduced levels of ethylene biosynthesis, we find that reduction of the related E8 protein produces the opposite effect, an increase in ethylene evolution specifically during the ripening of detached fruit. Thus, E8 has a negative effect on ethylene production in fruit.
Combination of nuclear NF-kB/p65 localization and gland morphological features from surgical specimens appears to be predictive of early biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients (2018)

Identifying patients who are high-risk for biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy could enable direction of adjuvant therapy to those patients while sparing low-risk patients the side effects of treatment. Current BCR prediction tools require human judgment, limiting repeatability and accuracy. Quantitative histomorphometry (QH) is the extraction of quantitative descriptors of morphology and texture from digitized tissue slides. These features are used in conjunction with machine learning classifiers for disease diagnosis and prediction. Features quantifying gland orientation disorder have been found to be predictive of BCR. Separately, staining intensity of NF-κB protein family member RelA/p65, which regulates cell growth, apoptosis, and angiogensis, has been connected to BCR. In this study we combine nuclear NF-ΚB/p65 and H and E gland morphology features to structurally and functionally characterize prostate cancer. This enables description of cancer phenotypes according to cellular molecular profile and social behavior. We collected radical prostatectomy specimens from 21 patients, 7 of whom experienced BCR (prostate specific antigen >; .2 ng/ml) within two years of surgery. Our goal was to demonstrate the value of combining morphological and functional information for BCR prediction. Firstly, we used the top two features from each stain channel via the Wilcoxon rank-sum test using a leave-one-out cross validation approach in conjunction with a linear discriminant analysis classifier. Secondly we used the product of the posterior class probabilities from each classifier to produce an aggregate classifier. Accuracy was 0.76 with H and E features alone, 0.71 with NF-κB/p65 features alone, and 0.81 via the aggregate model.
High Numerical Aperture Meta-lenses at Visible Wavelengths (2016)

We report high numerical aperture meta-lenses in the visible spectrum with focal spots as small as 0.65λ. Meta-lenses are based on ultra-thin titanium dioxide metasurface phase masks. They operate in transmission mode and are polarization-insensitive.
Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of alane, AlH<sub>3</sub>: effect of pressure on the reaction pathway (2014)

By application of reasonably low gas pressure, formation of metallic aluminum is completely suppressed during the solid-state mechanochemical synthesis of AlH<sub>3</sub> at room temperature.
Gene for Familial Psoriasis Susceptibility Mapped to the Distal End of Human Chromosome 17q (1994)

A gene involved in psoriasis susceptibility was localized to the distal region of human chromosome 17q as a result of a genome-wide linkage analysis with polymorphic microsatellites and eight multiply affected psoriasis kindreds. In the family which showed the strongest evidence for linkage, the recombination fraction between a psoriasis susceptibility locus and D17S784 was 0.04 with a maximum two-point lod score of 5.33. There was also evidence for genetic heterogeneity and although none of the linked families showed any association with HLA-Cw6, two unlinked families showed weak levels of association. This study demonstrates that in some families, psoriasis susceptibility is due to variation at a single major genetic locus other than the human lymphocyte antigen locus.
A Monoclonal Antibody with Selective Reactivity with Functionally Mature Human Thymocytes and All Peripheral Human T Cells (1979)

Abstract A monoclonal antibody directed at a determinant on human peripheral blood T cells was produced and characterized. This hybridoma antibody, termed OKT1, was reactive by indirect immunofluorescence with the entire human peripheral blood T cell population and a subset of human thymocytes. In contrast, OKT1 was unreactive with normal B cells, Null cells, macrophages, and ≥90% of human thymocytes. These findings suggested that OKT1 defines a mature T cell differentiation antigen. In support of this notion was the observation that T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells were nonreactive with OKT1, whereas T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells were reactive. Concomitant functional studies on FACS-separated lymphocytes showed that the T cell proliferative responses to mitogens and soluble and cell surface antigens were contained in the OKT1+ population. Fractionation of peripheral blood T cells into strongly and weakly reactive OKT1+ subgroups uncovered no functional T cell heterogeneity. In addition, when the thymocyte population was separated into OKT1+ and OKT1- subsets, only the OKT1+ thymocytes were MLC responsive. However, unlike peripheral T cells, neither the OKT1+ or OKT1- thymocytes proliferated to the mitogens PHA and Con A. Thus, OKT1+ thymocytes are functionally distinct from OKT1+ peripheral blood T cells. These studies show that a hybridoma antibody can be produced that detects a human differentiation antigen that appears during late intrathymic T cell ontogeny and persists on peripheral T cells.
OPTICALLY CONTROLLED CURRENT FILAMENTATION IN GaAs PHOTOCONDUCTIVE SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES (1993)

The use of focused laser beams and fiber optics to control the location and density of current filaments in GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) is described in this paper. An intensified CCD camera is used to monitor the infrared photoluminescence of the filaments during fast initiation of high gain switching for several sizes of lateral GaAs PCSS (e. g. 0.5{times}5, 1{times}5, 2.5{times}5, 2{times}30, and 15{times}20 mm{sup 2}). The switches are triggered with either a focused, mode-locked, Nd:YAG laser (532 and 1064 nm) or fiber-optically coupled semiconductor laser diodes ({approximately}900 nm). The dependencies of the size, location, and density of the current filaments on the optical trigger, switch voltage, and switch current will be discussed. The impact of optically controlled current filaments on device design and lifetime is emphasized. Electro-optical switching amplification is demonstrated using the high gain switching mode of GaAs (lock-on). A single semiconductor laser diode is used to trigger a small GaAs PCSS. This PCSS is used to drive a 15-element laser diode array. Both electrical and optical pulse compression, sharpening, and amplification are achieved. Estimates for electrical and optical power gains are 8000 and 750 respectively.