gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in the <b>nimble</b> and <b>nimbleSMC</b> <i>R</i> Packages (2021)

nimble is an R package for constructing algorithms and conducting inference on hierarchical models. The nimble package provides a unique combination of flexible model specification and the ability to program model-generic algorithms. Specifically, the package allows users to code models in the BUGS language, and it allows users to write algorithms that can be applied to any appropriate model. In this paper, we introduce the nimbleSMC R package. nimbleSMC contains algorithms for state-space model analysis using sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) techniques that are built using nimble. We first provide an overview of state-space models and commonly-used SMC algorithms. We then describe how to build a state-space model in nimble and conduct inference using existing SMC algorithms within nimbleSMC. SMC algorithms within nimbleSMC currently include the bootstrap filter, auxiliary particle filter, ensemble Kalman filter, IF2 method of iterated filtering, and a particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler. These algorithms can be run in R or compiled into C++ for more efficient execution. Examples of applying SMC algorithms to linear autoregressive models and a stochastic volatility model are provided. Finally, we give an overview of how model-generic algorithms are coded within nimble by providing code for a simple SMC algorithm. This illustrates how users can easily extend nimble's SMC methods in high-level code.
Serum Thioredoxin and .ALPHA.-Tocopherol Concentrations in Patients With Major Risk Factors (2005)

SMOKING, HT, HC and MULTIPLE had significantly higher serum TRX concentrations than CONTROL, suggesting increased oxidative stress. MULTIPLE had a lower serum concentration of antioxidant alpha-tocopherol than any of the other study groups, suggesting impaired or exhausted defense against chronic oxidative stress in the presence of the multiple risk factors.
Synthesis and structure of a diarsene: the first compound with an unsupported arsenic-arsenic double bond (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structure of a diarsene: the first compound with an unsupported arsenic-arsenic double bondA. H. Cowley, J. G. Lasch, N. C. Norman, and M. PakulskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 16, 5506–5507Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00354a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00354a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views561Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Traumatismo pélvico: hallazgo de imagen (2017)

espanolEn este tipo de lesiones podemos encontrarnos a partir de pacientes con fracturas debido a un traumatismo aparentemente leve, como es el caso de pacientes de edad avanzada y debido a la osteoporosis. La radiografia es de gran importancia en esta patologia para poder dar el diagnostico y poder elegir el mejor tratamiento. EnglishIn this type of injuries we can find ourselves from patients with fractures due to apparently mild trauma, as is the case of elderly patients and due to osteoporosis. X - ray is of great importance in this pathology to be able to give the diagnosis and be able to choose the best treatment
Metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs and Ga<sub>0.5</sub>In<sub>0.5</sub>P (1991)

High-quality GaAs/Ga0.5In0.5P heterostructures have been grown by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy, using both triethylgallium and trimethylindium as group III element sources and arsine and phosphine as group V element sources. Both hydride and hydrogen flow rates have been found to have a significant effect on the growth rate of the layers. GaAs bulk layers show p-type conductivity with carbon as a residual impurity. Minimum carbon incorporation is found at around 500 degrees C. The purity of the epilayers is also sensitive to the purity of the organometallic starting material. Ga0.5In0.5P bulk layers show optimum structural properties at a growth temperature of 520 degrees C. Full width at half maximum of GaInP (400) reflection peaks as low as 15" have been found. GaAs/Ga0.5In0.5P multiquantum well structures with wells as thin as 10 AA and confinement energy exceeding 300 meV have also been grown.
Experiments on the position control of a one-link flexible robot arm (1989)

Experiments were carried out to investigate the positioning capability of a flexible arm. A shaft encoder was used as the sensor of the hub angle, while a laser beam was used to measure the slope of the deflection of the flexible robot arm. The control torque based on the output feedback control law was then applied to the motor through the driver circuits to control the arm. The experimental results show that the performance of the arm is satisfactory. Also, it is shown that the position controller is robust to parameter variations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Contribution of Postprandial Amino Acid Levels to Stimulation of Insulin, Glucagon, and Pancreatic Polypeptide in Humans (1992)

The present study was designed to examine the contribution of the postprandial increase of plasma amino acids after ingestion of a protein-rich meal to the rise of the three pancreatic hormones insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). A mixed amino acid solution was designed, which permitted a fairly close imitation of the arterial plasma pattern of the 21 amino acids that rise after ingestion of a 200-g porcine steak meal. In 10 healthy subjects the intravenous infusion of this mixed amino acid solution at a rate of 10 g/h elicited a rise of the 21 amino acids examined that correlated well with the postprandial increase (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). The maximal rise of plasma insulin (64 +/- 5 pmol/L) and glucagon (630 +/- 21 ng/L) was not significantly different from the postprandial increase of these two hormones (49 +/- 4 pmol/L and 780 +/- 28 ng/L, respectively). PP levels rose by 316 +/- 33 ng/L postprandially, which was clearly above the increase of 112 +/- 13 ng/L during intravenous amino acids (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that the postprandial rise of amino acid levels in arterialized venous plasma can account for most if not all of the postprandial increase of insulin and glucagon during the ingestion of a protein-rich meal. In contrast, only 35% of postprandial PP levels can be ascribed to the rise of plasma amino acids. In contrast to the effect of carbohydrate-rich meals, an enteric augmentation of insulin release seems to be of minor and possibly of no importance during ingestion of protein-rich meals.
Success of Biodentine and Ferric Sulfate as Pulpotomy Materials in Primary Molars: A Retrospective Study (2021)

Both materials can be recommended for clinical practice, however BD may be the preferred choice for its better outcomes at 18 months.
System verification of the JMEX mission residual motion requirements with integrated modeling (2005)

The Jupiter Magnetospheric Explorer (JMEX) is a UV observatory operating in an earth orbit proposed as part of NASA's Small Explorer (SMEX) class of missions. To meet mission requirements the residual jitter portion of the imaging error budget is set at 0.079 arcsec (3σ) over a 33.3 ms frame integration time and 0.01 arcsec (3σ) for all frequency content higher than 15 Hz. These requirements are challenging for a small, low cost mission and require some innovative system solutions to achieve these goals. The solution, discussed in the paper, was to combine several jitter rejection techniques fine-balanced reaction wheel mounted on an isolation assembly, post processing using science images and reaction wheel momentum control. This paper focuses primarily on meeting the high frequency portion of the requirements. To facilitate system performance verification, we leveraged an integrated model toolset, EOSyM (End-to-end Optical System Model), developed and used on various other advanced space-based missions over the last 9 years. Starting with individual subsystem models for the reaction wheel disturbances, the coupled payload/ spacecraft structural dynamics model, and the optical design, we were able to evaluate the end-to-end LOS performance under varying reaction wheel speeds. At the end we found that the requirements could be met by maintaining the reaction wheels operating range within a well-defined speed band. This paper describes the mission, the technical challenges, the integrated model, and system performance results.
Rational Design of Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Analogues Which Selectively Restore Activity to a Vitamin D Receptor Mutant Associated with Rickets (2002)

[formula: see text] Vitamin D3-resistant rickets (VDRR) is associated with mutations to the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) which effect ligand-dependent transactivation. Some VDRR associated mutants directly disrupt ligand binding. Using the reported VDR-1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) cocrystal structure, three 1,25(OH)2D3 analogues were designed to uniquely complement the rickets associated mutant VDR(Arg274-->Leu). The three analogues were 17 to 286 times more potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 with the mutant in cell-based assays and did not substantially activate cellular calcium influx.
Visible-Light-Induced Organocatalytic Borylation of Aryl Chlorides (2019)

The preparation of arylboronates from unactivated aryl chlorides in a transition-metal-free manner is rather challenging. There are only few examples to achieve this goal by using ultraviolet irradiation. Based on the mechanistic understanding of the diboron/methoxide/pyridine reaction system, we achieved photoactivation of the in situ generated super electron donor and developed a visible-light-induced organocatalytic method for efficient borylation of unactivated aryl chlorides.
Background data movement in a log-structured disk subsystem (1994)

The log-structured disk subsystem is a new concept for the use of disk storage whose future application has enormous potential. In such a subsystem, all writes are organized into a log, each entry of which is placed into the next available free storage. A directory indicates the physical location of each logical object (e.g., each file block or track image) as known to the processor originating the I/O request. For those objects that have been written more than once, the directory retains the location of the most recent copy. Other work with log- structured disk subsystems has shown that they are capable of high write throughputs. However, the fragmentation of free storage due to the scattered locations of data that become out of date can become a problem in sustained operation. To control fragmentation, it is necessary to perform ongoing garbage collection, in which the location of stored data is shifted to release unused storage for re-use. This paper introduces a mathematical model of garbage collection, and shows how collection load relates to the utilization of storage and the amount of locality present in the pattern of updates. A realistic statistical model of updates, based upon trace data analysis, is applied. In addition, alternative policies are examined for determining which data areas to collect. The key conclusion of our analysis is that in environments with the scattered update patterns typical of database I/O, the utilization of storage must be controlled in order to achieve the high write throughput of which the subsystem is capable. In addition, the presence of data locality makes it important to take the past history of data into account in determining the next area of storage to be garbage-collected.
Direction finding algorithms based on high-order statistics (2002)

Two types of high-resolution direction-finding algorithms which use the fourth-order cumulants of the array data are derived. One is a MUSIC-like technique based on eigendecomposition of a suitably defined cumulant matrix. The other is an optimal (asymptotically minimum variance) estimator based on minimization of a certain cost function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Natural language processing and recurrent network models for identifying genomic mutation-associated cancer treatment change from patient progress notes (2019)

NLP and RNN-based text mining solutions have demonstrated advantages in information retrieval and document classification tasks for unstructured clinical progress notes.
Development Of Epid-Based Real Time Dose Verification For Dynamic Imrt (2011)

An electronic portal image device (EPID) has become a method of patient-specific IMRT dose verification for radiotherapy. Research studies have focused on pre and post-treatment verification, however, there are currently no interventional procedures using EPID dosimetry that measure the dose in real time as a mechanism to ensure that overdoses do not occur and underdoses are detected as soon as is practically possible. As a result, an EPID-based real time dose verification system for dynamic IMRT was developed and was implemented with MATLAB/Simulink. The EPID image acquisition was set to continuous acquisition mode at 1.4 images per second. The system defined the time constraint gap, or execution gap at the image acquisition time, so that every calculation must be completed before the next image capture is completed. In addition, the <=-evaluation method was used for dose comparison, with two types of comparison processes; individual image and cumulative dose comparison monitored. The outputs of the system are the <=-map, the percent of <=<1, and mean-<= versus time, all in real time. Two strategies were used to test the system, including an error detection test and a clinical data test. The system can monitor the actual dose delivery compared with the treatment plan data or previous treatment dose delivery that means a radiation therapist is able to switch off the machine when the error is detected.
Velocity observations of the California Current derived from satellite imagery (2009)

This research examines the potential of ocean velocity observations generated from the maximum cross‐correlation technique (MCC) applied to thermal infrared imagery to capture the total current at a high sampling rate, especially in the nearshore region, allowing for a novel view of the California Current. Comparison of 12 years of weekly ocean velocity fields derived from the MCC method with velocity observations from drifting buoys reveals strong correspondence between the data sets. The MCC method, however, is able to produce over ∼10 times the number of observations. Comparison of MCC velocities with geostrophic velocities from altimetry demonstrates differences that suggest ageostrophic currents in the MCC observations that are likely wind driven. The time‐averaged mean velocity field from MCC observations reveals strong offshore jet‐like features that extend off of coastline promontories. Eddy statistics from the MCC velocity observations indicate dramatically different dynamics in the nearshore and offshore regions. Differences in spatial statistics derived from the MCC observations compared to previous studies of the region are attributed to wind‐driven currents in the observations that can dominate the variability of the current in the nearshore region.
Kinetics and mechanisms of nucleophilic displacements with heterocycles as leaving groups. Part 14. The preparation and reactions of some further α-heteroaryl-pyridinium salts (1983)

Novel pyryliums containing fused dihydrocarbazole and dihydrobenzothiophene rings and α-benzothiazole substituents are described, together with their conversion to a variety of derived pyridiniums. The N-(2-pyridyl) group rearranges thermally at 60°C from the pyridinium nitrogen to the nitrogen atom of a 2-(2-benzimidazolyl) group [in (19)]; similar rearrangement in the carbazole (7) is complicated by dehydrogenation. Compared with the corresponding 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium, replacement of α-phenyl by α-2-benzothiazolyl has a large rate-enhancing effect for N-benzyl, but much smaller for N-n-alkyl. Replacement of α-phenyl by a fused dihydrobenzothiophene system shows rate enhancement for N-benzyl; ring fission occurs for N-n-alkyl. In the single cases studied carbazole is as effective as dibenzothiophene, but benzimidazole less so than benzothiazole.
A Combined Solid-State NMR and X-ray Powder Diffraction Study of a Stable Polymorph of Paclitaxel (2005)

Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) allow a study of a novel and stable polymorph of paclitaxel (Taxol) with two molecules per asymmetric unit (Z‘) in the P212121 space group. The asymmetric unit volume is 2167 Å3, about four times larger than that previously characterized in combined XRPD/SSNMR studies. The method, employing SSNMR constraints, allows the XRPD Rietveld analysis to establish many of the lattice details that otherwise would be unavailable. NMR structural constraints are provided by isotropic shifts and three-dimensional (3D) chemical shift tensors (CST), which are determined by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. CST data give highly sensitive information on short-range structural features such as intra-atomic distances (particularly for proton positions that are undetermined with XRPD methods) and short-range valence angles that exhibit relatively poor sensitivity in reasonably large microcrystalline powders. Conversely, space group symmetry, unit cell volumes, long-range cell dimensions, and dihedral angles of extended chains are estimated with XRPD measurements. Corroboration of many structural parameters by combined quantum mechanical, SSNMR, and XRPD results indicate the efficacy of these combined approaches in relatively sizable microcrystalline powders. The population of the asymmetric unit, Z‘ = 2 is clearly observed even in the one-dimensional isotropic 13C spectra, which also confirmed the stability of the polymorph over a three-year period. This structural determination depends specifically on the agreement between previous SSNMR CSTs and single crystal results for baccatin, the rigid part of paclitaxel. Hence, CST data provide a reasonable initial model for the early iterative steps of a Rietveld analysis of XRPD data for a new polymorph of Taxol.
A quasi-resonant power factor correction converter (2002)

In this paper, a new quasi-resonant PWM converter is proposed. The operational modes of the converter are analyzed. This converter achieves zero-voltage switching for both main and auxiliary switching devices, and the blocking voltages of the switches clamp at an acceptable level when the switches are turned off. The application of the converter in power factor correction is developed. A prototype is constructed for verification.
Detection of Norovirus genogroup I and II by multiplex real-time RT- PCR using a 3'-minor groove binder-DNA probe (2006)

The one-tube multiplex RT real-time PCR using a minor groove binder-DNA probe for GI is a fast, specific, sensitive and cost-effective tool for the detection of norovirus infections in both mass outbreaks and sporadic cases and may have also applications in food and environmental testing.
Influence of the Hybrid BGA Residual Stress after Reflow on the Thermal Cycling Reliability (2014)

摘要： 研究混装球栅阵列(Ball grid array, BGA)回流焊后产生的残余应力对热循环寿命产生影响。根据Sn63Pb37/Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu均匀混装BGA封装实体，建立有铅和混装BGA封装体ANSYS有限元模型。通过加载不同峰值温度(220～265 ℃)和不同降温速度(1～6 ℃/s)的回流温度曲线后，得到BGA封装体焊点残余应力、应变。随后选取峰值温度243 ℃、降温速度3 ℃/s条件下的回流焊后BGA封装体模型施加热循环载荷，根据修正Coffin-Manson方程预测焊点寿命。研究结果表明：回流焊中降温速度对焊后应力占主导因素，应力降温速度的增加逐渐由27.9 MPa增加到32.5 MPa，而峰值温度对焊后应变影响明显；热循环分析中BGA焊球左上角区域始终处于高应力应变状态，均匀混装BGA寿命稍低于SnPb焊点BGA；回流焊工艺后进行热循环加载结果表明残余应力对Sn63Pb37/Sn3.0Ag0.5C均匀混装BGA寿命影响不大。
Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) Produced in the Mammary Glands of Transgenic Rabbits: Yield, Receptor Binding, Mitogenic Activity, and Effects on IGF-Binding Proteins (1997)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has acute insulin-like metabolic effects and long-term anabolic actions offering a range of important therapeutic applications. To evaluate a system for large-scale production of this peptide in the mammary glands of transgenic livestock, we generated transgenic rabbits carrying fusion genes in which a synthetic DNA coding for human IGF-I (hIGF-I) was placed under the transcriptional control of regulatory elements isolated from the bovine αS1-casein (αS1-cas) gene. Western blot analysis of milk from αS1-cas-hIGF-I transgenic rabbits demonstrated production of high amounts of mature hIGF-I peptide (7.6 kDa). Quantitative analysis by RIA revealed hIGF-I levels between 50 and 300 μg/ml milk. Recombinant hIGF-I purified from the milk of αS1-cas-hIGF-I transgenic rabbits bound to IGF-I receptors on human IM-9 lymphoblasts and stimulated DNA synthesis by growth-arrested MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells as efficiently as hIGF-I produced in Escherichia coli. Ligand blot analysis of milk serum revealed the presence of 45-kDa, 30-kDa, and 23-kDa IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). The 30-kDa IGFBP was shown to be IGFBP-2 by immunoprecipitation using an antiserum raised against human IGFBP-2. Secretion of IGFBP-2 was markedly stimulated by hIGF-I overproduction in αS1-cas-hIGF-I transgenic rabbits. The latter displayed slightly increased milk yield, but no significant changes in total protein content or overall milk protein composition, and reared their offspring without any problems or clinical signs of impaired welfare, even after multiple lactations. Our results indicate that high amounts of biologically active hIGF-I can be produced in the mammary glands of αS1-cas-hIGF-I transgenic rabbits. Local production of hIGF-I in mammary tissue is associated with increased secretion of IGFBP-2, which may prevent major biological effects by high levels of hIGF-I on the mammary gland.