gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future vision distribution system and network (2005)

The future vision distribution service (FVDS) (Sato, K. et al., Proc. 18th Int. Conf. on Advanced Inform. Networking and Application, 2004) is an innovative video delivery service concept based on the Internet ITS (intelligent transport system) area. Source mobility support multicasting (SMM) (Sato et al., IPSJ Journal, vol.45, no.2, 2004) consists of the new multicasting techniques needed to realize FVDS. However, FVDS and SMM lack sufficient application-level protocols to manage preceding and following vehicles on the same route and have a drawback of topological constraints in the access network to accommodate micro mobility. The paper presents two new protocols to solve these problems. The future vision distribution protocol (FVDP) is an application-level protocol that discovers a preceding vehicle on the same route and provides its multicast address for following vehicles by using information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and a route guiding function. The self-organizing tree (SOT) protocol is a network-level protocol for use in the access network that organizes radio base-stations into a logical tree topology in a self-forming and self-healing manner. This eliminates the topological constraints and provides the network with robustness from failures and flexibility for network design.
Analyzing content development and visualizing social interactions in Web forum (2008)

Web forums provide platforms for any Internet users around the world to communicate with each other and express their opinions. In many of the discussions in Web forums, it involves issues related to terrorism and crime. Some participants are even using the platform to propagandize their ideology or recruit members to commit crime. In this work, we propose a Web forum analysis system to analyze the content development and visualize the social interactions in Web forum.
RTF-steered binaural MVDR beamforming incorporating multiple external microphones (2019)

The binaural minimum-variance distortionless-response (BMVDR) beamformer is a well-known noise reduction algorithm that can be steered using the relative transfer function (RTF) vector of the desired speech source. Exploiting the availability of an external microphone that is spatially separated from the head-mounted microphones, an efficient method has been recently proposed to estimate the RTF vector in a diffuse noise field. When multiple external microphones are available, different RTF vector estimates can be obtained by using this method for each external microphone. In this paper, we propose several procedures to combine these RTF vector estimates, either by selecting the estimate corresponding to the highest input SNR, by averaging the estimates or by combining the estimates in order to maximize the output SNR of the BMVDR beamformer. Experimental results for a moving speaker and diffuse noise in a reverberant environment show that the output SNR-maximizing combination yields the largest binaural SNR improvement and also outperforms the state-of-the art covariance whitening method.
A prediction and planning framework for road safety analysis, obstacle avoidance and driver information (2018)

Abstract: "This paper presents a prediction and planning framework for analysing the safety and interaction of moving objects in complex road scenes. Rather than detecting specific, known, dangerous configurations, we simulate all the possible motion and interaction of objects. This simulation is used to detect dangerous situations, and to select the best path. The best path can be chosen according to a number of different criterion, such as: smoothest motion, largest avoiding distance, or quickest path. This framework can be applied, either as a driver warning system (open loop), or as an action recommendation system (human in the loop), or as an intelligent cruise control system (closed loop). This framework is evaluated using synthetic data, using simple and complex road scenes."
Delineation of Immunodominant Epitopes of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II and Their Usefulness in Developing Serologic Assays for Detection of Antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-II (1996)

Several immunodominant B-cell epitopes have been mapped in the structural (gag, env) and regulatory (tax, rex) proteins of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and HTLV-II. Identification of these immunogenic epitopes not only has allowed the development of sensitive and specific serologic assays, but also has provided a tool to study correlates of host pathogenesis, viral transmission, and protection. The major immunogenic epitopes for HTLV-I are located at the C terminus of p19gag, the central and carboxyl terminus of gp46env, the central region of transmembrane envelope glycoprotein (p21e), and the carboxyl terminus of p40tax. Similarly, HTLV-II epitopes are located at the amino terminus and central region of gp46env, the central region of p21e, and the carboxyl terminus of p40tax. The transmembrane epitopes of HTLV-I and HTLV-II share extensive homologies and represent a highly cross-reactive region, while the remaining regions represent HTLV type-specific epitopes. The transmembrane epitope has been commonly used for detecting antibodies in both HTLV-I and HTLV-II-infected persons, whereas central envelope epitopes have been exploited for serologic differentiation between HTLV-I and HTLV-II. This detailed analysis at the epitope level has resulted in the development of highly sensitive and specific screening and confirmation assays for detection of antibodies to HTLVs.
Mediators of the secretory response to kinins (1984)

The output of immunoreactive (i) 6 keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (i6ketoPGF1 alpha), iPGE2 and ithromboxane B2 (iTXB2) from isolated colonic epithelium of the rat into the apical and basolateral bathing solution has been measured. In some instances tissues were also voltage clamped at 0 mV to measure short circuit current (SCC). Kallidin (lysylbradykinin) stimulated the output of all three eicosanoids, specifically from the basolateral face of the tissue. The output was similar whether or not the tissues were short circuited. Both the SCC response and eicosanoid output were dependent upon the concentration of kallidin, but not in a strictly proportional manner, there being relatively more eicosanoid output at submaximal kinin concentrations. Indomethacin, 5 microM, abolished the eicosanoid output, in response to kinin, while some part of the SCC response remained. Calcium removal from the basolateral bathing fluid severely attenuated the SCC response, reduced the output of i6ketoPGF1 alpha to half, but left the output of iPGE2 unchanged. In the presence or absence of calcium it is probable that sufficient PGE material is released to cause part of the SCC changes seen with kinin. Kinin and PGE1 increased the cyclic AMP content of intact epithelia, provided a phosphodiesterase inhibitor was added at the same time. It is proposed that kinin causes an increase in calcium influx at the basolateral pole of the tissue. This calcium is necessary for the production of some eicosanoids and the subsequent generation of cyclic AMP, which then increases apical chloride permeability. In addition, calcium may facilitate entry of chloride through the basolateral face of the cells by activating a cotransport mechanism.
Overexpression of membrane‐associated acyl‐CoA‐binding protein ACBP1 enhances lead tolerance in Arabidopsis (2008)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, a family of six genes encodes acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) that show conservation at the acyl-CoA-binding domain. They are the membrane-associated ACBP1 and ACBP2, extracellularly targeted ACBP3, kelch-motif-containing ACBP4 and ACBP5, and 10-kDa ACBP6. The acyl-CoA domain in each of ACBP1 to ACBP6 binds long-chain acyl-CoA esters in vitro, suggestive of possible roles in plant lipid metabolism. We addressed here the use of Arabidopsis ACBPs in conferring lead [Pb(II)] tolerance in transgenic plants because the 10-kDa human ACBP has been identified as a molecular target for Pb(II) in vivo. We investigated the effect of Pb(II) stress on the expression of genes encoding Arabidopsis ACBP1, ACBP2 and ACBP6. We showed that the expression of ACBP1 and ACBP2, but not ACBP6, in root is induced by Pb(II) nitrate treatment. In vitro Pb(II)-binding assays indicated that ACBP1 binds Pb(II) comparatively better, and ACBP1 was therefore selected for further investigations. When grown on Pb(II)-containing medium, transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing ACBP1 were more tolerant to Pb(II)-induced stress than the wild type. Accumulation of Pb(II) in shoots of the ACBP1-overepxressing plants was significantly higher than wild type. The acbp1 mutant showed enhanced sensitivity to Pb(II) when germinated and grown in the presence of Pb(II) nitrate and tolerance was restored upon complementation using an ACBP1 cDNA. Our results suggest that ACBP1 is involved in mediating Pb(II) tolerance in Arabidopsis with accumulation of Pb(II) in shoots. Such observations of Pb(II) accumulation, rather than Pb(II) extrusion, in the ACBP1-overexpressing plants implicate possible use of ACBP1 in Pb(II) phytoremediation.
A Gecko of the Genus <i>Gekko</i> from Taka-shima Island, Hirado, Nagasaki, Japan (Reptilia: Lacertilia) (1988)

高島(長崎県,平戸市)において捕獲された1頭の雌ヤモリはGekko hokouensisとG.japonicusの両方の形質を兼ね備えていた。Cloacal spurが1対である点は前者と同じで,胴体,前腕,大腿,下腿の背面に粒状の大型鱗(enlarged tubercle)が存在する点は後者と共通である。これらの特徴は五島列島の中通島と福江島及び男女群島の女島で捕獲されたヤモリの特徴と一致している。Gekko hokouensisとG.japonicusについて日本,中国各地からの1300個体以上の記録,捕獲個体を検討したが,これらの特徴に一致する個体を見つけられなかった.
Magnetic guiding of laser plasmas (1998)

Summary form only given, as follows. The guiding of plasma produced by a KrF laser and Nd:YAG laser using straight and curved solenoidal magnetic field has been studied as a means of giving a debris free, controlled deposition source for the production of thin films. Details on the deflection and guiding of the laser produced plasma in curved and straight magnetic fields and initial coating results will be presented. These results will be presented and compared to predictions of plasma guiding using 2D and 3D numerical plasma simulation mode.
Rational B-Splines for Curve and Surface Representation (1983)

Nonuniform, rational B-splines, capable of representing both precise quadric primitives and free-form curves and surfaces, offer an efficient mathematical form for geometric modeling systems.
Low-Power Buffer Management for Streaming Data (2007)

In this paper, a method for reducing the power consumption in a pipeline of streaming data is presented. The pipeline is divided into multiple stages and buffer memories are inserted between adjacent stages. By dynamically changing the power state of each stage, the overall power consumption of the pipeline, including the power consumed by each stage and by each buffer, can be reduced. For example, when a buffer is full, the stage immediately before it can be turned off for a certain time period to save power. In this paper, the problem of finding the optimal strategy for managing the power state to minimize average power consumption is studied for a pipeline of data consisting of three stages with two buffers in between. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem of a hybrid system, namely, a dynamical system with both continuous dynamics and discrete transitions. Several important properties of the optimal solutions are derived. Using these properties, the optimal periodic solutions are obtained analytically for the special case when each stage is allowed to turn on and off at most once during each period. Simulation results using practical data are presented. The results show substantial power savings of the proposed method over heuristic buffering strategies
Expression deconvolution: A reinterpretation of DNA microarray data reveals dynamic changes in cell populations (2003)

Cells grow in dynamically evolving populations, yet this aspect of experiments often goes unmeasured. A method is proposed for measuring the population dynamics of cells on the basis of their mRNA expression patterns. The population's expression pattern is modeled as the linear combination of mRNA expression from pure samples of cells, allowing reconstruction of the relative proportions of pure cell types in the population. Application of the method, termed expression deconvolution, to yeast grown under varying conditions reveals the population dynamics of the cells during the cell cycle, during the arrest of cells induced by DNA damage and the release of arrest in a cell cycle checkpoint mutant, during sporulation, and following environmental stress. Using expression deconvolution, cell cycle defects are detected and temporally ordered in 146 yeast deletion mutants; six of these defects are independently experimentally validated. Expression deconvolution allows a reinterpretation of the cell cycle dynamics underlying all previous microarray experiments and can be more generally applied to study most forms of cell population dynamics.
A Review of Carbon Nanotubes‐Based Gas Sensors (2009)

Gas sensors have attracted intensive research interest due to the demand of sensitive, fast response, and stable sensors for industry, environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and so forth. The development of nanotechnology has created huge potential to build highly sensitive, low cost, portable sensors with low power consumption. The extremely high surface‐to‐volume ratio and hollow structure of nanomaterials is ideal for the adsorption of gas molecules. Particularly, the advent of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has fuelled the inventions of gas sensors that exploit CNTs′ unique geometry, morphology, and material properties. Upon exposure to certain gases, the changes in CNTs′ properties can be detected by various methods. Therefore, CNTs‐based gas sensors and their mechanisms have been widely studied recently. In this paper, a broad but yet in‐depth survey of current CNTs‐based gas sensing technology is presented. Both experimental works and theoretical simulations are reviewed. The design, fabrication, and the sensing mechanisms of the CNTs‐based gas sensors are discussed. The challenges and perspectives of the research are also addressed in this review.
A mixed-mode delay-locked loop for wide-range operation and multiphase clock generation (2004)

This paper describes a mixed-mode delay-locked loop (DLL) for wide-range operation and multiphase outputs with just one clock cycle. The architecture of the proposed DLL uses the mixed-mode time-to-digital converter (TDC) scheme for phase range selector to offer faster locking time. The multi-controlled delay cell for voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) was used to provide wide locked range and the low-jitter performance. The proposed DLL can solve the problem of the false locking associated with conventional DLLs. The circuit design and HSPICE simulation are based upon TSMC 0.258 /spl mu/m 1P5M N-well CMOS process with a 2.5 V power supply voltage. The post-layout simulation results show that the proposed DLL has wide locking range 50 to 280 MHz. Moreover, the total time delay from all delay stages is precisely one period of the input reference signal, and that can generate equally spaced ten-phase clocks.
Modeling Hypersomnolence in Sleep-disordered Breathing: A Novel Approach Using Survival Analysis (1999)

The etiology of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is not well defined. In this study, we examined the relationships between several clinical and polysomnographic parameters and the degree of hypersomnolence in 741 patients with SDB (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] >/= 10 events/h). The study sample was obese (body mass index [BMI]: 35.3 +/- 8.5 kg/m2) and had evidence of moderate SDB (AHI: 47.6 +/- 29.3 events/h). Hypersomnolence was quantified with the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and survival analysis was used to assess the risk factors for hypersomnolence. In a multivariate proportional hazards model, AHI and nocturnal hypoxemia were independent predictors of hypersomnolence (MSLT < 10 min). The adjusted relative risks (RR) of hypersomnolence were 1.00, 1.30, and 1.65 for patients with an AHI of 10 to 29.9, 30 to 59.9, and >/= 60 events/h, respectively. A positive association between hypersomnolence and oxyhemoglobin desaturation (DeltaSaO2) was observed with RR of 1.00, 1.18, 1.43, and 1.94 for a DeltaSaO2 of </= 5%, 5.1 to 10%, 10.1 to 15%, and > 15%, respectively. Sleep fragmentation, as assessed by the distribution of sleep stages, was also an independent predictor of hypersomnolence. Using stage 1 sleep as a reference, an increase in stage 2 and slow wave sleep (SWS) were protective from hypersomnolence. For a 10% increase in stage 2 or SWS the adjusted RR for hypersomnolence were 0.93 and 0.79, respectively. REM sleep showed no significant association with the degree of hypersomnolence. These results suggest that AHI, nocturnal hypoxemia, and sleep fragmentation are independent determinants of hypersomnolence in SDB.
A<i>Wnt7b</i>-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian kidney (2008)

The mammalian kidney is organized into a cortex where primary filtration occurs, and a medullary region composed of elongated tubular epithelia where urine is concentrated. We show that the cortico-medullary axis of kidney organization and function is regulated by Wnt7b signaling. The future collecting duct network specifically expresses Wnt7b. In the absence of Wnt7b, cortical epithelial development is normal but the medullary zone fails to form and urine fails to be concentrated normally. The analysis of cell division planes in the collecting duct epithelium of the emerging medullary zone indicates a bias along the longitudinal axis of the epithelium. By contrast, in Wnt7b mutants, cell division planes in this population are biased along the radial axis, suggesting that Wnt7b-mediated regulation of the cell cleavage plane contributes to the establishment of a cortico-medullary axis. The removal of beta-catenin from the underlying Wnt-responsive interstitium phenocopies the medullary deficiency of Wnt7b mutants, suggesting a paracrine role for Wnt7b action through the canonical Wnt pathway. Wnt7b signaling is also essential for the coordinated growth of the loop of Henle, a medullary extension of the nephron that elongates in parallel to the collecting duct epithelium. These findings demonstrate that Wnt7b is a key regulator of the tissue architecture that establishes a functional physiologically active mammalian kidney.
Advance prediction of transthoracic impedance in human defibrillation and cardioversion: importance of impedance in determining the success of low-energy shocks. (1984)

The purposes of this study were to evaluate a method that predicts transthoracic impedance in advance of defibrillating shocks in humans and to assess the importance of transthoracic impedance in low-energy defibrillation. Via defibrillator electrodes we applied 31 kHz current to the chest during the defibrillator charge cycle, before the defibrillating shock was actually delivered. The current flow was limited by transthoracic impedance; a microprocessor monitored the predischarge current flow and determined the predischarge impedance by calibration against known resistance values. Actual impedance to the defibrillating shock was also determined and compared with the predicted impedance. With this approach we predicted impedance in 19 patients who received 66 shocks for ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Predicted impedance (y) correlated very well with actual impedance (x):y = .90x + 11.3; r = .97. To determine the importance of impedance in defibrillation and cardioversion, we prospectively gathered data from 96 patients who received shocks of various energies for ventricular or atrial arrhythmias. In patients with high transthoracic impedance (greater than 97 omega), low-energy shocks (less than or equal to 100 J) for ventricular defibrillation had only a 20% success rate as opposed to a 70% success rate for low-energy shocks in patients with low or average impedance (p less than .05). We conclude that transthoracic impedance can be accurately predicted in advance of defibrillation and cardioversion. This method permits the preshock identification of patients with high impedance in whom attempts to defibrillate with low-energy shocks are inappropriate.
External Control of Rate, Recruitment, Synergy and Feedback in Paralyzed Extremities (1984)

An electrical stimulation technique is presented that provides external control of the movement processes by integrating them in a multi-loop electronic control system approximating the normal neuromuscular system.
Small Molecule Inhibitors as Countermeasures for Botulinum Neurotoxin Intoxication (2010)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent of known toxins and are listed as category A biothreat agents by the U.S. CDC. The BoNT-mediated proteolysis of SNARE proteins inhibits the exocytosis of acetylcholine into neuromuscular junctions, leading to life-threatening flaccid paralysis. Currently, the only therapy for BoNT intoxication (which results in the disease state botulism) includes experimental preventative antibodies and long-term supportive care. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop inhibitors that will serve as both prophylactic agents and post-exposure 'rescue' therapeutics. This review focuses on recent progress to discover and develop small molecule inhibitors as therapeutic countermeasures for BoNT intoxication.
Correlating Particle Size and Shape of Supported Ru/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts with NH<sub>3</sub> Decomposition Activity (2009)

While ammonia synthesis and decomposition on Ru are known to be structure-sensitive reactions, the effect of particle shape on controlling the particle size giving maximum turnover frequency (TOF) is not understood. By controlling the catalyst pretreatment conditions, we have varied the particle size and shape of supported Ru/gamma-Al(2)O(3) catalysts. The Ru particle shape was reconstructed by combining microscopy, chemisorption, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. We show that the particle shape can change from a round one, for smaller particles, to an elongated, flat one, for larger particles, with suitable pretreatment. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the calcination most likely leads to planar structures. We show for the first time that the number of active (here B(5)) sites is highly dependent on particle shape and increases with particle size up to 7 nm for flat nanoparticles. The maximum TOF (based on total exposed Ru atoms) and number of active (B(5)) sites occur at approximately 7 nm for elongated nanoparticles compared to at approximately 1.8-3 nm for hemispherical nanoparticles. A complete, first-principles based microkinetic model is constructed that can quantitatively describe for the first time the effect of varying particle size and shape on Ru activity and provide further support of the characterization results. In very small nanoparticles, particle size polydispersity (due to the presence of larger particles) appears to be responsible for the observed activity.
Fusion of themis and TES for accurate Mars surface characterization (2017)

This paper presents a novel approach to fusing Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) and Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite images, aiming to improve Mars surface characterization performance from orbit. Our approach includes proven registration and advanced pansharpening algorithms developed by us and others. Preliminary experiments show that the fusion approach is highly promising despite the extremely high resolution difference of THEMIS and TES (30 to 1). We also observed some potential issues that require further research.