gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a modified linseed oil with varying levels of crosslinking Part A Polymer chemistry (2008)

A commercial norbornyl-functionalized linseed oil, blended with a bicyclic norbornene-based crosslinking agent (at loadings ranging from 0 to 50 wt %) undergoes ring-opening metathesis polymerization with the 1st generation Grubbs' catalyst to form a biorenewable polymer network. Comonomers are characterized, the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured systems are investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermal decomposition is evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The resin is shown to consist of a modified linseed oil and small oligomers of cyclopentadiene. Broad tan δ peaks suggest inhomogeneous phase morphologies, which result in complex crosslinking behaviors. The thermal stability of the polymers increases with increasing crosslinker content.
Locating visual storm signatures from satellite images (2014)

Weather forecasting is a problem where an enormous amount of data must be processed. Severe storms cause a significant amount of damages and loss every year in part due to the insufficiency of the current techniques in producing reliable forecasts. We propose an algorithm that analyzes satellite images from the vast historical archives to predict severe storms. Conventional weather forecasting involves solving numerical models based on sensory data. It has been challenging for computers to make forecasts based on the visual patterns from satellite images. In our system we extract and summarize important visual storm evidence from satellite image sequences in a way similar to how meteorologists interpret these images. Particularly, the algorithm extracts and fits local cloud motions from image sequences to model the storm-related cloud patches. Image data of an entire year are adopted to train the model. The historical storm reports since the year 2000 are used as the ground-truth and statistical priors in the modeling process. Experiments demonstrate the usefulness and potential of the algorithm for producing improved storm forecasts.
Aerodynamic Design Using Neural Networks (2000)

An aerodynamic design procedure that incorporates the advantages of both traditional response surface methodology (RSM) and neural networks is described. The procedure employs a strategy called parameterbased partitioning of the design space and uses a sequence of response surfaces based on both neural networks and polynomial fits to traverse the design space in search of the optimal solution. This approach results in response surfaces that have both the power of neural networks and the economy of low-order polynomials (in terms of number of simulations needed and network training requirements). Such an approach can handle design problems with many more parameters than would be possible using neural networks alone. The design procedure has been applied to the blind redesign of a turbine airfoil from a modern jet engine. This redesign involved the use of 15 design variables. The results obtained are closer to the target design than those obtained using an earlier method with only three design variables. The capability of the method in transforming generic shapes, such as simple curved plates, into optimal airfoils is also demonstrated.
P4–148: Mucosal vaccination can prevent prion infection via an oral route (2006)

Major outbreaks of prion disease linked to oral exposure of the prion agent have occurred in animal and human populations. These disorders are associated with a conformational change of a normal protein, PrPC, to a toxic and infectious form, PrPSc. None of the prionoses currently have an effective treatment. Some forms of prion disease are thought to be spread by oral ingestion of PrPSc, such as chronic wasting disease and variant Creutzfeld–Jakob disease. A limited number of active immunization approaches have been shown to slightly prolong the incubation period of prion infection. Active immunization in wild–type animals is hampered by auto–tolerance to PrP and potential toxicity. To develop an oral vaccine to prevent prion infection. This route of vaccination was chosen since the gastrointestinal tract is the major site of prion infection. We used attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains that were made to express single or multiple repeats of the intact mouse PrP or fragments corresponding to aminoacids 112 to 214 of the PrP molecule, with unaltered or tailor made modifications of the sequences. Salmonella vaccine strains are a well characterized method to induce mucosal immunity. We found that our vaccines were also effective at overcoming tolerance to PrP, induce gut anti–PrP IgA, systemic anti–PrP IgG and lead to a significant delay or prevention of prion disease in mice later exposed orally to the 139A scrapie strain. The control group had a 185 day median survival time with all controls being dead by 300 days. In our treatment group with Salmonella vaccine strain LVR01 expressing one or two copies of PrP, 30% of the animals were still alive, without symptoms at 500 days post oral scrapie exposure and were without PrPSc in their brains or spleens. No toxicity was evident with this vaccination approach. These promising findings suggest that proper mucosal vaccination may be a useful method for overcoming tolerance to PrP and preventing prion infection via an oral route. Currently we are improving our mucosal vaccination so that an even greater proportion of mice may have protection from disease.
ANTIGENIC EVALUATION OF A RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS-EXPRESSED SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA SAG1 ANTIGEN (2004)

Sarcocystis neurona is the primary parasite associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). This is a commonly diagnosed neurological disorder in the Americas that infects the central nervous system of horses. Current serologic assays utilize culture-derived parasites as antigen. This method requires large numbers of parasites to be grown in culture, which is labor intensive and time consuming. Also, a culture-derived whole-parasite preparation contains conserved antigens that could cross-react with antibodies against other Sarcocystis species and members of Sarcocystidae such as Neospora spp., Hammondia spp., and Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, there is a need to develop an improved method for the detection of S. neurona-specific antibodies. The sera of infected horses react strongly to surface antigen 1 (SnSAG1), an approximately 29-kDa protein, in immunoblot analysis, suggesting that it is an immunodominant antigen. The SnSAG1 gene of S. neurona was cloned, and recombinant S. neurona SAG1 protein (rSnSAG1-Bac) was expressed with the use of a baculovirus system. By immunoblot analysis, the rSnSAG1-Bac antigen detected antibodies to S. neurona from naturally infected and experimentally inoculated equids, cats, rabbit, mice, and skunk. This is the first report of a baculovirus-expressed recombinant S. neurona antigen being used to detect anti-S. neurona antibodies in a variety of host species.
Improved flow reconstruction in 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) (2003)

The reconstruction of the contrast agent bolus propagation adds a new dimension to 3D rotational angiography. In this contribution, a noninteractive method for flow reconstruction in three-dimensional vessel structures is presented. It is based on a standard 3D rotational angiography procedure followed by the acquisition of a high-speed projection series with fixed angulation. The bolus propagation information which is calculated from the second series is mapped to the reconstructed volume data set resulting from the 3DRA procedure. Thus, a 4D data set results. Volume rendered images of 4D data sets which have been obtained by applying the flow reconstruction method to several patient data sets are presented. In these images, in addition to the pure static 3D information the contrast agent propagation within the 3D vessel tree is clearly visible.
Reconstruction of Articulated Objects from a Moving Camera (2015)

Many scenes that we would like to reconstruct contain articulated objects, and are often captured by only a single, non-fixed camera. Existing techniques for reconstructing articulated objects either require templates, which can be challenging to acquire, or have difficulties with perspective effects and missing data. In this paper, we present a novel reconstruction pipeline that first treats each feature point tracked on the object independently and incrementally imposes constraints. We make use of the idea that the unknown 3D trajectory of a point tracked in 2D should lie on a manifold that is described by the camera rays going through the tracked 2D positions. We compute an initial reconstruction by solving for latent 3D trajectories that maximize temporal smoothness on these manifolds. We then leverage these 3D estimates to automatically segment an object into piecewise rigid parts, and compute a refined shape and motion using sparse bundle adjustment. Finally, we apply kinematic constraints on automatically computed joint positions to enforce connectivity between different rigid parts, which further reduces ambiguous motion and increases reconstruction accuracy. Each step of our pipeline enforces temporal smoothness, and together results in a high quality articulated object reconstruction. We show the usefulness of our approach in both synthetic and real datasets and compare against other non-rigid reconstruction techniques.
Real-time dynamic scheduling based adaptive ultrasound sequence programming for research and rapid prototyping (2015)

Over the past decade, a wide range of ultrasound-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications have been developed based on the emergence of user-friendly, open-ended ultrasound research systems. Nevertheless, previous platforms relied on static list-based scheduling, which limited the user from adjusting scan parameters in real-time. The objective of this study is to demonstrate an innovative ultrasound engine and Application Programming Interface (API) equipped with a real-time dynamic hardware scheduler that allows for flexible and adaptive sequence design. An example of real-time dynamic sequencing has been designed and implemented, where the delay time for implementing changes in imaging depth and Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) were compared between static and dynamic scheduling modes. The programming time improvements over traditional methods was 7576% for the changing the image depth and 4975% for changing the PRF.
Adhesion of a Novel Calcium Phosphate Cement to Cortical Bone and Several Common Biomaterials (2006)

In this study, we have shown that by incorporating pyrophosphoric acid into a brushite cement system, it is possible to produce a cement that exhibits adhesive tensile strengths with cortical bone, alumina, sintered hydroxyapatite and 316L stainless steel of 700 kPa. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a calcium phosphate cement formulation that exhibits such adhesive properties without the addition of an organic additive. The production of a bond between medical prostheses and bone may further widen the field of application of calcium phosphate cements, additionally the adhesive nature of the calcium phosphate cement may be a desirable ‘handling characteristic’ during reconstructive surgery.
<title>High-speed cone-beam reconstruction on PC</title> (2001)

Cone beam reconstruction has attracted a great deal of attention in the medical imaging community. However, high-resolution cone beam reconstruction (CBR) involves a huge set of data and very time consuming computing. It usually needs customized hardware or a large-scale computer to achieve acceptable speed. Although the Feldkamp algorithm is an approximate CBR algorithm, it is a practical and efficient 3D reconstruction algorithm and is a basic component in several exact cone-beam reconstruction algorithms (CBRA). In this paper, we present a practical implementation for high-speed CBR on a commercially available PC based on hybrid computing (HC). We implement Feldkamp CBR with multi-level acceleration. We use HC utilizing single instruction multiple data (SIMD) and making execution units (EU) in the processor work effectively. We also utilize the multi-thread and fiber support on the operating system, which automatically enable the reconstruction parallelism in the multi-processor environment, and makes data I/O to the hard disk more effective. Memory and cache access optimization is done by properly data partition. This approach was tested on an Intel Pentium III 500Mhz computer and was compared to the traditional implementation. It decreases more than 75% the filtering time for 288 pieces projections, saves more than 60% of the reconstruction time for the 512<SUP>3</SUP> cube, and maintains good precision with less than 0.08% average error. Our system is cost-effective and high-speed. An effective reconstruction engine can be built with a market-available Symmetric Multi-processor (SMP) computer. This is an easy and cheap upgrade and is compatible with newer PC processors.
Structure of IgE Epitopes on a New 39-kD Allergen Molecule from the House Dust Mite, <i>Dermatophagoides farinae</i> (1994)

Two IgE epitope sequences comprising Ser56-Pro-Val-Thr-Lys-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Lys-Ile-Asp-Ser-Lys-Lys70 and Asp104-Val-Glu-Leu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ser-Ser-Asp-Ile-Ala115 were identified by deletion analysis of the cDNA encoding a new 39-kD protein of mite allergen. A synthetic dodecapeptide corresponding to the latter epitope sequence functioned as a monovalent and mite-specific hapten. Replacement of each of the 12 amino acid residues with Gly, using site-directed mutagenesis, indicated that Arg110 may play a central role in IgE binding. However, the 8 allergic sera tested exhibited a wide variation in their amino acid residues required for reactivity to IgE in allergic sera.
Dual grating-assisted directional coupling between fibers and thin semiconductor waveguides (2003)

A novel dual grating-assisted directional coupler (DGADC) for coupling an optical fiber with a thin semiconductor waveguide is proposed. As an example, a DGADC in silicon-on-insulator is discussed. Maximum coupling efficiency in excess of 90% can be obtained using this coupler, while the highest coupling efficiency previously reported was only 40%.
Design and Synthesis of 13,14-Dihydro Prostaglandin F<sub>1α</sub> Analogues as Potent and Selective Ligands for the Human FP Receptor (2000)

The in vitro evaluation of a new class of potential bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis is described. These compounds are potent and selective ligands for the human prostaglandin F receptor (hFP receptor). The compounds lack the olefin unsaturation required for potency in the natural ligand PGF(2)(alpha) yet retain binding affinity for the hFP receptor in the nanomolar to micromolar range. Removal of the alkenes also results in a better selectivity ratio for the hFP receptor over the other prostaglandin receptors tested. A rationale for the selectivity differences of various analogues, based on ligand docking experiments to a putative hFP receptor model, is also described.
Purification and synthesis of eosinophilotactic tetrapeptides of human lung tissue: identification as eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis. (1975)

Preferential eosinophil chemotactic activity exhibiting a molecular weight comparable to that released from sensitized human lung fragments challenged with specific antigen and designated eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis has been isolated from extracts of human lung fragments by sequential purification on Sephadex G-25, Dowex-1, Sephadex G-10, and paper chromatography. Two eosinophilotactic tetrapeptides of amino acid sequence Val-Gly-Ser-Glu and Ala-Gly-Ser-Glu were recovered from the extracts in 4-12% overall yield of the low molecular weight peak from Sephadex G-25. Purified eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis and the synthetic tetrapeptides were maximally active in amounts from 0.1 to 1.0 nmol per chemotactic chamber, and the activity was dependent on both the NH2-terminal and the COOH-terminal residues. Both natural and synthetic peptides were preferentially chemotactic for eosinophils and rendered them unresponsive to a subsequent stimulus.
Metering and accounting for composite e-services (2003)

Software services are emerging as the dominant component technology for distributed applications. Using standardized interfaces, clients can remotely access functionality or resources offered by service providers. In e-commerce applications, often such services will be fee-based. Usage metering and Accounting thus form important components of an e-services infrastructure. The metering and accounting problem takes on added complexity with composite e-services - higher-level services built using simpler underlying services, each of which may be independently owned. We present an architecture for the metering and accounting of composite service usage.
Interactive television (1995)

Interactive television (ITV) is a new form of residential consumer video service that gives viewers far greater control over the contents of programs than is possible with conventional television. There are substantial technical challenges to offering a ITV service on a large scale, both in content creation and delivery. The paper discusses those challenges and presents a new system architecture for offering ITV, along with a broad range of other interactive video services, to consumers in their homes. A new suite of tools to simplify the creation of compelling interactive programming is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Involvement of CD56brightCD11c+ Cells in IL-18–Mediated Expansion of Human γδ T Cells (2011)

γδ T cells are considered to be innate lymphocytes that play an important role in host defense against tumors and infections. We recently reported that IL-18 markedly amplified γδ T cell responses to zoledronate (ZOL)/IL-2. In an extension of this finding, we analyzed the mechanism underlying the IL-18-mediated expansion of γδ T cells. After incubation of PBMCs with ZOL/IL-2/IL-18, the majority of the cells expressed γδ TCR, and the rest mostly exhibited CD56(bright)CD11c(+) under the conditions used in this study. CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells were derived from a culture of CD56(int)CD11c(+) cells and CD14(+) cells in the presence of IL-2 and IL-18 without the addition of ZOL. They expressed IL-18Rs, HLA-DR, CD25, CD80, CD83, CD86, and CD11a/CD18. In addition, they produced IFN-γ, TNF-α, but not IL-12, when treated with IL-2/IL-18, and they exerted cytotoxicity against K562 cells, thus exhibiting characteristics of both NK cells and dendritic cells. Incubation of purified γδ T cells with CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells in the presence of ZOL/IL-2/IL-18 resulted in the formation of massive cell clusters and led to the marked expansion of γδ T cells. However, both conventional CD56(-/int)CD11c(high) dendritic cells induced by GM-CSF/IL-4 and CD56(+)CD11c(-) NK cells failed to support the expansion of γδ T cells. These results strongly suggest that CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells play a key role in the IL-18-mediated proliferation of γδ T cells.
Feedback cancellation in hearing aids: results from a computer simulation (1991)

Feedback cancellation in hearing aids involves estimating the feedback signal and subtracting it from the microphone input signal. The feedback-cancellation system described updates the estimated feedback path whenever changes are detected in the feedback behavior. When a change is detected, the normal hearing-aid processing is interrupted, a pseudorandom probe signal is injected into the system, and a set of filter coefficients is adjusted to give an estimate of the feedback path. The hearing aid is then returned to normal operation with the feedback-cancellation filter as part of the system. Two approaches are investigated for computing the filter coefficients: a least-mean square (LMS) adaptive filter and a Wiener filter. Test results are presented for a computer simulation of an in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid. The simulation results indicate that more than 10 dB of cancellation can be obtained and that the Wiener filter is more effective in the presence of strong interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photon-Number Resolution in Conventional Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detectors: Experimental Demonstration (2018)

We present the first experimental evidence of photon number resolution in a conventional superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. The photon-number-dependent resistance reflected in the rise-time of output pulses is detected using a wideband, low-noise read-out circuit.
Color standard display function: A proposed extension of DICOM GSDF (2016)

CSDF has been proposed as an extension of the DICOM GSDF standard toward color. Calibration and QA algorithms for CSDF have been described in detail. The proposed algorithms have been tested on several types of display systems and the results confirm that CSDF largely increases the perceptual linearity of visualized colors, while at the same time remaining compliant with DICOM GSDF.