gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HAPI: Hardware Assisted Pruned Index for Consumer Electronics (2007)

We describe HAPI, a novel hardware assisted pruned index (HAPI) component. HAPI is a content indexing device based on a modified inverted index structure. HAPI accommodates patterns of different lengths and supports a varied posting list versus term count feature sustaining high reusability and efficiency. The developed component can be used either as an internal slave component or as an external co-processor. HAPI is efficient in resource demands since the component controllers take only a minimal percentage of the target device space leaving the majority of the space to term and posting entries.
Integration of an Aeroramp Injector/Plasma Igniter for Hydrocarbon Scramjets (2003)

A hydrocarbon-fuel injection and ignition/e ame-holding system consisting of an aerodynamic-ramp injector and a DC plasma torch was designed for a scramjet vehicle operating from Mach 4 to Mach 8. It was tested in an unheated Mach 2.4 e ow for initial evaluation. The injector consisted of two rows of two holes, angled downstream, and toed in to create additional vorticity and enhance mixing. The plasma torch was placed downstream of the injector at three different locations. The experiments involved ethylene injection through the aeroramp at jet-to-freestream momentum-e ux ratios from 1.4 to 3.2. Methane and nitrogen were used as the main feedstocks for the plasma torch. The power output of the plasma torch varied from 1500 to 3000 W. Results showed that nitrogen outperformed methane, and increasing the oxygen content at the plasma/fuel-plume interface signie cantly improved the potential for ignition and e ame propagation. The methane and nitrogen feedstocks performed best at the closest and middle downstream torch stations relative to the ethylene-fuel plume, respectively. Because of the low static freestream temperature (131 K), very little heat release was produced under these cold-e ow conditions. Tests in a model scramjet combustor with hot e ow are needed to complete the evaluation of this system. In addition, at all three torch stations, the counter-rotating vortex motion of the fuel-injector plume lifted up the plasma-torch plume. As a result, the downstream temperature-plume cores were 2.5 and 3.5 times higher at injector jet-to-freestream momentum-e ux ratios of 1.5 and 3.0, respectively, compared to the torch alone.
Pulse compression techniques using highly nonlinear fibers (2008)

Abstract We review optical pulse compression techniques based on optical fibers. After discussing the fundamental issues on pulse compression, we summarize and categorize various kinds of techniques for pulse compression. We then focus on the use of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) in a pulse compressor to improve the performance. Introducing a figure of merit, we discuss which kind of HNLF of those recently reported is the most suitable for applications to pulse compression. As a HNLF‐based optical pulse compressor, we review the technologies of the comb‐like profiled fiber (CPF) which consists of alternate concatenations of HNLF and single‐mode fiber. Discussing the features of CPF, we show that CPF is a truly practical and flexible solution for optical pulse compression. Finally, we refer to a new class of pulse compression called “the stationary rescaled pulse (SRP)”, which is a characteristic nonlinear stationary pulse propagating through CPF. The propagation characteristics of the SRP provides a systematic and efficient design method of CPF as well as optical pulse compression that has never been achieved by conventional pulse compression schemes. As an example, a highly steep pulse compression in CPF is demonstrated, where a pulse is compressed by a factor of 2.1 per step of the CPF, and a 7.2 ps‐width optical pulse is compressed to 0.38 ps with a four‐step structure of CPF.
Abstract 2216: Enhanced discrimination of malignant from benign pancreatic disease by measuring the CA 19-9 antigen on specific protein carriers (2011)

Abstract The CA 19-9 assay detects a carbohydrate antigen on multiple protein carriers, some of which may be preferential carriers of the antigen in cancer. We tested the hypothesis that the measurement of the CA 19-9 antigen on individual proteins could improve performance over the standard CA 19-9 assay. We used antibody arrays to measure the levels of the CA 19-9 antigen on multiple proteins in serum or plasma samples from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma or pancreatitis. Sample sets from three different institutions were examined, comprising 420 individual samples. The measurement of the CA 19-9 antigen on any individual protein did not improve upon the performance of the standard CA 19-9 assay (79-88% sensitivity at 75% specificity), owing to diversity among patients in their CA 19-9 protein carriers. However, a subset of cancer patients with no elevation in the standard CA 19-9 assay showed elevations of the CA 19-9 antigen specifically on the proteins MUC1, MUC5AC, or MUC16 in all three sample sets. By combining measurements of total CA 19-9 with CA 19-9 on these individual proteins, the sensitivity of cancer detection was raised to 85-100% in the three sample sets, at a specificity of 75%. This finding demonstrates the potential value of measuring glycans on specific proteins for improving biomarker performance. Furthermore, the definition of subgroups of patients based on the protein carriers of the CA 19-9 antigen and other glycans will guide the further development of informative biomarker panels. Diagnostic tests with improved sensitivity for detecting pancreatic cancer could have important applications for improving the treatment and management of patients suffering from this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2216. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2216
Testing extreme ultraviolet optics with visible-light and extreme ultraviolet interferometry (2002)

Optics for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography arguably have the most strict fabrication tolerances of any optical systems fabricated to date, and the development of EUV lithography pushes advanced optical fabrication techniques toward never before realized levels of figure accuracy and finish quality. As EUV lithography advances toward viability, the need for ultrahigh-accuracy wave front metrology tools has never been greater. To enable the development of diffraction-limited EUV optical systems, visible-light and EUV interferometries must work in close collaboration. We present a detailed comparison of EUV and visible-light wave front measurements performed across the field of view of a lithographic-quality projection optical system designed for use in the Engineering Test Stand developed by the Virtual National Laboratory and the EUV Limited Liability Company. The comparisons reveal that the present level of root mean square agreement lies in the 0.3–0.4 nm range, with an agreement of 0.15±0.03 nm, excluding astigmatism. Astigmatism is the most significant aberration component for the alignment of this optical system; it is also the dominant term in the discrepancy, and the aberration with the highest measurement uncertainty. With EUV optical systems requiring total wave front quality in the λEUV/50 (0.25 nm) range, and even higher surface-figure quality for the individual mirror elements (∼0.1 nm), improved accuracy through future comparisons, and additional studies, are required.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of N-acyl vancomycins. (1988)

Several glycopeptides containing N-acyl groups have been isolated recently. We undertook the synthesis of N-acyl vancomycins, using the active ester method. The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity were evaluated, and structure-activity relationship of this series of semisynthetic vancomycins is discussed.
Autophagy as a mechanism of antiviral defense at the maternal–fetal interface (2013)

Mechanisms to protect against viral infections are crucial during pregnancy as maternal-fetal transmission can have serious pathological outcomes, including fetal infection and its sequelae, such as growth restriction, birth defects, and/or fetal death. The trophoblast forms the interface between the feto-placental unit and the maternal blood, and is therefore a critical physical and immunological barrier to restrict the spread of pathogens into the fetal microenvironment. Recently, we found that primary human placental trophoblast (PHT) cells are highly resistant to infection by diverse viruses. In this study, we also found that conditioned medium from PHT cell cultures transferred viral resistance to nonplacental recipient cells, suggesting that a component secreted by trophoblasts and present within the conditioned medium is responsible for this antiviral effect. We found that specific miRNAs from a unique primate- and placental-specific locus?the C19MC (chromosome 19 miRNA cluster)?are packaged within exosomes produced by PHT cells and confer viral resistance in nonplacental recipient cells. In addition to conveying viral resistance, we found that PHT-derived exosomes and select miRNA members of the C19MC family strongly induce autophagy, which is involved in recipient cell viral resistance. Our findings establish an exciting and novel mechanism by which placental trophoblasts exploit exosome-dependent transfer of placental-specific miRNAs to influence autophagic induction and antiviral immunity at the maternal?fetal interface.
Long-distance free-space quantum cryptography (2002)

Quantum cryptography bases the security of key exchange on the laws of quantum physics and will become the first application of quantum information methods. Here we present the design of novel hardware components which enabled the demonstration of secure key exchange over a 23.4 km free-space link.
Interactive self-modeling mixture analysis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractive self-modeling mixture analysisWillem. Windig and Jean. GuilmentCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 14, 1425–1432Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00014a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00014a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2033Altmetric-Citations884LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of shell thickness on blocking temperature of nanocomposites of metal particles with gold shells (1999)

Nanoscale iron particles were synthesized in reverse micelles created from aqueous reactants, octane, n-butanol, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Using reverse micelles as nano-reactors allows for the sequential synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles. Iron nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with gold. A series of particles with varying gold shell thickness were synthesized to investigate the effect of shell thickness on the magnetic properties of the iron core. Particle sizes were confirmed using XRD and particle uniformity was determined by TEM. Magnetic measurement carried out using a SQUID susceptometer indicated superparamagnetic behavior.
Photoprocessable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers (1992)

Abstract : Dye-doped polymers and polymers with covalently attached nonlinear-optical (NLO) moieties have demonstrated that large second-order susceptibilities in polymers are achievable. For practical applications, the stability of Chi(2) at elevated temperatures and the ease of processing into guided wave structures are equally important and need to be addressed. Recently, it has been reported that thermally crosslinked epoxy polymers are stable at temperatures above 100 deg C. Thermally crosslinked NLO polymers, however, require several hours of high temperature curing under a high electric field. This often leads to deterioration of the optical quality of the films. An alternative route to obtain stable, crosslinked electro-optic polymers by photochemical crosslinking has been developed in our laboratory.
Minimum-phase-function-based processing in frequency-domain optical coherence tomography systems (2006)

We present a simple processing technique that uses the concept of minimum-phase functions to improve frequency-domain optical coherence tomography systems. Our approach removes the autocorrelation noise and therefore increases both the accessible depth range and the recovery accuracy. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the concept of minimum-phase functions has been applied to improve optical coherence tomography.
An Efficient Large-Scale Synthesis of EDP-420, a First-in-Class Bridged Bicyclic Macrolide (BBM) Antibiotic Drug Candidate (2010)

A multistep, practical, and cost-effective synthesis of novel bridged bicyclic macrolide drug candidate EDP-420 (1) is described. Starting from inexpensive and commercially available erythromycin A 9-oxime, the current chemical process involves a series of transformations: triacetylation, Pd-catalyzed O,O-bis-allylation (bridge formation), acid-catalyzed sugar cleavage, oxime reduction, acetylation, Os-catalyzed bridge olefin oxidative cleavage, Corey−Kim oxidation, bridge oxime formation, deprotection, and final purification. Multikilogram quantities have been synthesized.
Navigation Doppler Lidar for autonomous ground, aerial, and space vehicles (2018)

A Doppler lidar instrument has been developed and demonstrated for providing critical vector velocity and altitude/range data for autonomous precision navigation. Utilizing advanced component technologies, this lidar can be adapted to different types of vehicles.
Strategies for eliciting HIV-1 inhibitory antibodies (2010)

In light of the RV144 trial, there is a critical need to define the entire functional spectrum of anti-HIV-1 antibodies, how easily each can be elicited, and how effective different types of antibody effector mechanisms can be in prevention of HIV-1 transmission.
Silicon double-injection electro-optic modulator with junction gate control (1988)

Novel structures for carrier-induced electro-optical phase modulation in crystalline silicon are examined. A new dual-injection field-effect transistor structure for guided-wave light modulation at 1.3 μm is proposed and analyzed. It consists of an elongated cathode-anode-gate structure integrated in a rib waveguide. Dual-gate and single-gate control are considered. The overlap between the plasma charge density and the optical guided mode is computed. For a cathode-anode voltage of 0.32 V, the effective refractive index of the waveguide mode changes by ΔN=1×10−3 when the gate voltage is altered by 12 V. Numerical estimates of the bias current, pinchoff voltage, interaction length, and modulator speed are given.
A gene expression signature to predicit overall, prostate cancer, and non–prostate cancer survival. (2013)

51 Background: For prostate cancer patients, prostate cancer specific and non-prostate cancer specific survival have the same importance. This study aimed at identifying expression biomarkers that can predict prostate cancer specific, non-prostate cancer specific and overall survival at diagnosis. Methods: Selected ESCGPs (embryonic stem cell gene predictors) and control genes were analyzed by multiplex quantitative PCR using prostate fine-needle aspiration samples taken at diagnosis from a Swedish cohort of 189 prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2000. Of all patients, 97.9% had overall and cancer-specific survival data and 77.9% were primarily treated only by hormone therapy. The cohort was divided into one discovery and two validation subsets. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratios and Kaplan-Meier plots were used for the survival analysis. A published dataset was used for external validation. Results: An expression signature of F3, VGLL3 and IGFBP3, was sufficient to categorize the patients into high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk subtypes. The median overall survival of the subtypes was 3.23, 4.00 and 9.85 years respectively. The difference corresponded to HRs of 5.86 (95% CI 2.91-11.78, P<0.001) for the high-risk and 3.45 (95% CI 1.79-6.66, P<0.001) for the intermediate-risk compared to the low-risk subtype. This signature is significant in correlation to overall, cancer-specific and non-cancer specific survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses including common clinical parameters. Conclusions: These results suggest that these novel expression biomarkers and the expression signature could be used to improve the accuracy of the currently available clinical tools for predicting overall, cancer-specific and non-cancer specific survival and selecting patients with potential survival benefit from hormone treatment.
Photoacoustic microscopy with 2-µm transverse resolution (2010)

We present a new-generation optical-resolution confocal photoacoustic microscope, consisting of a 0.25-numerical aperture optical microscope objective and a 75-MHz center-frequency spherically focused ultrasonic transducer. Experiments verified that this microscope has a transverse resolution of 2 microm, which is the highest to our knowledge among all photoacoustic imaging systems. In situ imaging of mouse ears shows the feasibility of resolving individual red blood cells in microvessels using the current system.
DiRA: Discriminative, Restorative, and Adversarial Learning for Self-supervised Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Discriminative learning, restorative learning, and adversarial learning have proven beneficial for self-supervised learning schemes in computer vision and medical imaging. Existing efforts, however, omit their synergistic effects on each other in a ternary setup, which, we envision, can significantly benefit deep semantic representation learning. To realize this vision, we have developed DiRA, the first framework that unites discriminative, restorative, and adversarial learning in a unified manner to collaboratively glean complementary visual information from unlabeled medical images for fine-grained semantic representation learning. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that DiRA (1) encourages collaborative learning among three learning ingredients, resulting in more generalizable representation across organs, diseases, and modalities; (2) outperforms fully supervised ImageNet models and increases robustness in small data regimes, reducing annotation cost across multiple medical imaging applications; (3) learns fine-grained semantic representation, facilitating accurate lesion localization with only image-level annotation; and (4) enhances state-of-the-art restorative approaches, revealing that DiRA is a general mechanism for united representation learning. All code and pre-trained models are available at https: //github.com/JLiangLab/DiRA.
Genome Resequencing Reveals Genetic Variation between the Parents of An Elite Hybrid Upland Cotton (2018)

Cotton is one of the most important economic crops worldwide. As the global demands rising, cotton yield improvement is the most important goal of cotton breeding. Hybrids have great potential for increasing yield, however, the genetic mechanism of hybrids is still not clear. To investigate the genetic basis of cotton hybrids, we resequenced 9053 and sGK9708 with 62.13x coverage depth, the parents of the elite hybrid cotton CCRI63 that has obvious heterosis in lint percentage (LP) and boll weight (BW). Based on the cotton reference genome (TM-1), 1,287,661 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 152,479 insertions/deletions (InDels) were identified in 9053, and 1,482,784 SNPs and 152,985 InDels in sGK9708. Among them, 8649 SNPs and 629 InDels in the gene coding regions showed polymorphism between parents. Moreover, these variations involved 5092 genes, and 3835 of these genes were divided into 10 clusters based on the gene expression profiles. The genes in Cluster 3 and 7 were specifically expressed in the ovule and fiber development stage, suggesting that they might relate to LP and BW. We further co-localized the polymorphic SNPs and InDels with the reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of LP and BW, and identified 68 genes containing the polymorphic SNPs or InDels within these QTL intervals and as being related to fiber development. This suggested that the outstanding traits of CCRI63 such as LP and BW might be generated by accumulating the favorable variations from the parents. The results generated herein provide a genetic basis for cotton hybrids and genetic markers for marker-assisted selection breeding of cotton.
Inhibition of the binding of HCV serum particles to human hepatocytes by E1E2‐specific D32.10 monoclonal antibody (2009)

The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition of binding activity of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) D32.10 which recognizes a highly conserved discontinuous antigenic determinant (E1:297-306, E2:480-494, and E2:613-621) expressed on the surface of serum-derived HCV particles (HCVsp) of genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, and 3a. To this end, an in vitro direct cell-binding assay based on the attachment of radiolabeled HCVsp was developed, and Scatchard plots were used to analyze ligand-receptor binding data. HCV adsorption was also assessed by quantitating cell-associated viral RNA by a real-time RT-PCR method. Saturable concentration-dependent specific binding of HCVsp to Huh-7 or HepaRG cells was demonstrated. The Scatchard transformed data showed two-site interaction for Huh-7 and proliferative HepaRG cells: the high-affinity binding sites (K(d1) = 0.1-0.5 microg/ml) and the low-affinity binding sites (K(d1) = 5-10 microg/ml), and one-site high-affinity binding model between E1E2/D32.10-positive HCVsp and hepatocyte-like differentiated HepaRG cells. The E1E2-specific mAb D32.10 inhibited efficiently (>60%) and selectively the binding with an IC(50) <or=0.5 microg/ml in all the experimental approaches using serum HCV of genotype either 3 or 1b. This supports the involvement of the E1E2/D32.10 discontinuous antigenic determinant in the interactions between human hepatocytes and HCVsp, and suggests that D32.10-like antibodies present in sera from patients infected with HCV could play a protective role.
Image Registration Accuracy of a 3-Dimensional Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy System (2009)

Elastic warping interpolation yields more accurate results than the TPS for registration of TRUS prostate images. Experimental results indicate potential for clinical application of this method.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Congested 1,2-Diphosphinobenzenes from Bis(phosphine)boronium Salts (2006)

[Structure: see text] Bis(phosphine)boronium salts 3a-c were designed and prepared as key building blocks for the synthesis of highly congested diphosphinobenzenes. The preparation of sterically hindered ortho-phenylene-bridged diphosphines 1a-c was achieved by the reaction of the bis(phosphine)boronium salts 3a-c with difluorobenzenechromium complex 2 and subsequent removal of the BH2 group. The steric nature of diphosphine 1a was revealed in single-crystal X-ray analysis of its Rh complex.