gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Friendly Africans, Deceptive White Men: Ghanaian Narratives of the Nation (2004)

Abstract As a tutor at Peki Training College in Ghana, I noticed that particular stories about history and identity arose in discussion with students, teachers, and colleagues and in social studies textbooks. These ‘narratives of the nation’ were linked to globalization and Ghanaian visions for development. By teaching children to work hard, be honest, and study science and technology, educators hope to attract investors to Ghana. At the same time, they resist the moral decline they associate with developed countries by teaching about the importance of maintaining Ghana's similar yet diverse cultures. By ignoring or neutralizing struggles among ethnic groups and blaming ‘white men’ for past and present problems, they build a national identity around shared oppression. But educators also re‐direct negative images used against Africans toward people in villages, who they blame for holding back development and democracy.
Altered vascular endothelium integrin expression in psoriasis. (1995)

Considerable evidence indicates that microvascular changes observed in psoriasis are a result of vascular proliferation. A critical step in the sequence of events leading to neovascularization involves interactions between endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins mediated in part by the integrin family of adhesion molecules. A number of endothelial integrins have been shown to participate in neovascularization, including members of the beta 1, beta 3, and beta 4 subfamilies. To investigate the role of these integrins in psoriasis, specimens of lesional and nonlesional skin were taken from 10 patients with active, untreated plaque disease. Vascular endothelium was labeled with monoclonal antibodies specific for alpha 2, alpha 5, alpha 6, beta 1, av beta 3, and beta 4 integrins. The use of image analysis permitted quantification of immunoperoxidase staining and comparison of endothelial labeling in lesional and nonlesional skin. There was a significant increase in endothelial staining of av beta 3 integrin in lesional compared with nonlesional skin, both in superficial and deep vasculature. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in endothelial beta 4 staining in lesional compared with nonlesional superficial dermal vessels, alpha 2, alpha 5, alpha 6, and beta 1 staining showed no significant difference between the two groups. These results demonstrate an important role of av beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in the microvascular changes of psoriatic lesions.
uLIPA: A universal local IP access solution for 3GPP mobile networks (2013)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication technologies have been rapidly developed in recent years to support different kinds of applications, such as automatic monitoring from user equipments (UEs) to home devices. Unfortunately, such applications introduce heavy traffic in both the radio access networks and core networks (CNs). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) has defined its local IP access (LIPA) solution, which provides UEs with the ability to access home networks directly without traversing CNs. However, 3GPP LIPA can not support the universal LIPA service. Specifically, a UE's home LIPA service can not be accessed when the UE moves into the coverage area of a visited LIPA network or a macrocell. On the other hand, the recently developed traffic offload enhancements for 3GPP networks did not consider the authentication issue. This paper proposes a telecom-based universal LIPA solution, uLIPA, for 3GPP networks. To completely offload both the UE's traffic and control signaling messages from the CN, uLIPA first enhances the existing 3GPP LIPA architecture and routing path establishment procedure by incorporating the concept of local SGSN and local GGSN. Then, an effective one-pass signaling procedure is devised for mutual authentication among the UE, the visited LIPA network, and the home LIPA network. Since this authentication procedure is based on the 3GPP authentication framework, it can readily be adopted by the 3GPP and compatible mobile networks.
An Industrial Dynamic Skyline Based Similarity Joins For Multidimensional Big Data Applications (2019)

In the era of data deluge, data analysis has become a key task for many industrial applications, e.g., master data management, and data integration. In particular, similarity join is an important primitive operator to support data analysis, which is to find similar pairs based on similarity functions and thresholds. In this article, we first propose a new similarity join operation called the dynamic skyline join without having to specify any similarity function or similarity threshold, which measures the similarity through multicriteria optimization. The dynamic skyline join operator makes the similarity join more flexible to support different criteria in multidimensional space. However, it is nontrivial to achieve dynamic skyline joins as both join operations and dynamic skyline queries are computationally complex in the increasing volume of real-world data. Therefore, we further propose Grid-SkyJoin, a framework to enable efficient parallel dynamic skyline joins on a shared-nothing cluster. Specifically, we use a grid partitioning to facilitate the data filtering and grouping strategies to provide load balancing and reduce the number of replicas. We also propose a multilevel filtering scheme to prune away a large fraction of unpromising points that do not fit into join results without actual join operations. Extensive experiments using benchmark datasets demonstrate that our filtering scheme can greatly reduce the number of data points to be joined, and our approach is about two times faster compared with the straightforward method in average.
The YouTube Social Network (2021)

Today, YouTube is the largest user-driven video content provider in the world; it has become a major platform for disseminating multimedia information. A major contribution to its success comes from the user-to-user social experience that differentiates it from traditional content broadcasters. This work examines the social network aspect of YouTube by measuring the full-scale YouTube subscription graph, comment graph, and video content corpus. We find YouTube to deviate significantly from network characteristics that mark traditional online social networks, such as homophily, reciprocative linking, and assortativity. However, comparing to reported characteristics of another content-driven online social network, Twitter, YouTube is remarkably similar. Examining the social and content facets of user popularity, we find a stronger correlation between a user's social popularity and his/her most popular content as opposed to typical content popularity. Finally, we demonstrate an application of our measurements for classifying YouTube Partners, who are selected users that share YouTube's advertisement revenue. Results are motivating despite the highly imbalanced nature of the classification problem.
Mst1 and Mst2 protein kinases restrain intestinal stem cell proliferation and colonic tumorigenesis by inhibition of Yes-associated protein (Yap) overabundance (2011)

Ablation of the kinases Mst1 and Mst2, orthologs of the Drosophila antiproliferative kinase Hippo, from mouse intestinal epithelium caused marked expansion of an undifferentiated stem cell compartment and loss of secretory cells throughout the small and large intestine. Although median survival of mice lacking intestinal Mst1/Mst2 is 13 wk, adenomas of the distal colon are common by this age. Diminished phosphorylation, enhanced abundance, and nuclear localization of the transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) is evident in Mst1/Mst2-deficient intestinal epithelium, as is strong activation of β-catenin and Notch signaling. Although biallelic deletion of Yap1 from intestinal epithelium has little effect on intestinal development, inactivation of a single Yap1 allele reduces Yap1 polypeptide abundance to nearly wild-type levels and, despite the continued Yap hypophosphorylation and preferential nuclear localization, normalizes epithelial structure. Thus, supraphysiologic Yap polypeptide levels are necessary to drive intestinal stem cell proliferation. Yap is overexpressed in 68 of 71 human colon cancers and in at least 30 of 36 colon cancer-derived cell lines. In colon-derived cell lines where Yap is overabundant, its depletion strongly reduces β-catenin and Notch signaling and inhibits proliferation and survival. These findings demonstrate that Mst1 and Mst2 actively suppress Yap1 abundance and action in normal intestinal epithelium, an antiproliferative function that frequently is overcome in colon cancer through Yap1 polypeptide overabundance. The dispensability of Yap1 in normal intestinal homeostasis and its potent proliferative and prosurvival actions when overexpressed in colon cancer make it an attractive therapeutic target.
Contamination of clinical specimens with MLV-encoding nucleic acids: implications for XMRV and other candidate human retroviruses (2010)

Efforts to assess the prevalence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in patients with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome have relied heavily on PCR-based testing of clinical samples and have yielded widely divergent findings. This week in Retrovirology, reports from four independent research groups illustrate the extreme care needed to exclude DNA or RNA contamination in PCR analyses of XMRV. In addition, phylogenetic evidence suggesting that previously-published XMRV sequences originated from a commonly-used prostate carcinoma cell line (22Rv1) is presented. These findings raise important questions regarding the provenance of XMRV and its potential connection to human disease.
The microbial flora of the respiratory tract in feedlot calves: associations between nasopharyngeal and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. (1991)

The upper and lower respiratory tracts of 59 feedlot calves with clinical signs of naturally occurring respiratory disease (cases) and 60 comparison (control) animals were cultured before treatment, using nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The most prevalent organisms were Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma bovis. Isolations of P. multocida from NPS and BAL fluid were found to be significantly associated with morbidity (p less than or equal to 0.05), but the frequency with which other organisms were isolated from the nasopharynx and lungs was similar in cases and controls. There was evidence of moderate agreement between NPS and BAL isolates at the individual calf level using the kappa statistic, (range of kappa values = 0.47-0.61) but the variability of the kappa statistics was large. Therefore, in an individual calf NPS cultures did not accurately predict BAL cultures. The NPS and BAL culture results were quite similar at the group level, however.
Toyota Lean Combustion System - The Third Generation System (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The third generation four valve lean combustion engine controlled by newly designed combustion pressure sensor has been developed. This combustion sensor composed of a metal diaphragm and a thin silicone layer formed on devitron piece detects the combustion pressure in the No.1 cylinder. Comparing with the lean mixture sensor equipped in the first and second generation lean combustion engine, the lean misfire limit was detected directly with this sensor, and the lean operation range was expanded, which realized lower fuel consumption and NOx emission. The output torque fluctuation was minimized by precisely compensating the fuel supplied to individual cylinder based on the crank angle sensor signal. Separated dual intake ports, one with the swirl control valve and the other with helical port shape was designed and a twin spray injection nozzle was equipped between those ports. The swirl ratio was lowered from 2.2 to 1.7. Steeply inclined swirl generated a turbulence level enough to extend the lean limit. The homogeneous and</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <figure id="F1" class="figure"> <div class="graphic-wrapper"><img class="article-figure figure" src="930873_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/></div> </figure> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">stable mixture formation was realized by the injection nozzle layout and the connecting passage between two ports which assist the atomization of the fuel spray. The volumetric efficiency in the case of SCV(Swirl Control Valve) closed was increased by the flow path resistance reduction and the utilization of the intake charge inertia effect of narrower cross sectional area port. By these improvements, the lean fuel air mixture operating range with sufficient low NOx level was expanded remarkably and the heavier inertia weight class vehicle (1.25ton) with automatic transmission has been commercialized in the Japanese market</div>
Peroxidase and gold complexes of lectins for double labeling of surface-binding sites by electron microscopy. (1977)

Double labeling experiments were performed for visualization of the binding sites of Concanavalin A and anti-AHel (the lectin from Helix pomatia). The anti-AHel was labeled with the colloidal gold whereas the membrane bound Concanavalin A was demonstrated by an affinity technique using horseradish peroxidase. The two markers used could be clearly distinguished electron microscopically. The specificity of the cell surface double labeling was demonstrated in the control experiments. A topological distinct localization of the both lectin-binding sites is evident.
Solvolysis of vinyl triflates. Effect of alkyl substituents, solvents, and added nucleophiles (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvolysis of vinyl triflates. Effect of alkyl substituents, solvents, and added nucleophilesRichard H. Summerville, Carol A. Senkler, and Paul Von R. SchleyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 4, 1100–1110Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00811a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00811a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views634Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Delayed Postischemic Treatment With Fluvastatin Improved Cognitive Impairment After Stroke in Rats (2007)

Thus, delayed postischemic administration of fluvastatin had beneficial effects on the recovery of cognitive function without affecting the infarction size after ischemic stroke. Pleiotropic effects of fluvastatin, such as angiogenesis, neuritogenesis, and inhibition of superoxide production and A beta deposition, might be associated with a favorable outcome.
Evaluation of leukocyte removal filters modelled by use of HIV-infected cells and DNA amplification (1990)

The concept of reducing cell-associated blood-borne viruses (BBVs) by filtration of the vector leukocytes from blood collected for transfusion has led to the development of high efficiency filters. Improved filtration technology demands newer methodology to accurately estimate the residual cells. We have developed an experimental model based on the hemocytometer counts and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), performed on the lymphocytes derived from the units of red cell mass inoculated with marker cells (H9) persistently carrying cell- associated human immunodeficiency virus DNA (CA-HIV). We measured the efficiency of 6 units of a prototype filter using our model and found an estimated mean of less than 4 residual cells per milliliter in the filtered blood. This represents a mean 5.84 log10 reduction of normal PBMC and CA-HIV in pre- and post-filtration aliquots and exemplifies the application of our model for evaluating a new generation of blood filters. Our model illustrates that a biological tracer (ie, DNA) is a better measure of the efficacy of a leukocyte filter than the hemocytometric enumeration of pre- and post-filtration PBMC concentrates.
Electronic control of coherence in a two-dimensional array of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (2015)

We demonstrate a semiconductor PCSEL array that uniquely combines an in-plane waveguide structure with nano-scale patterned PCSEL elements. This novel geometry allows two-dimensional electronically controllable coherent coupling of remote vertically emitting lasers. Mutual coherence of the PCSEL elements is verified through the demonstration of a two-dimensional Young's Slits experiment. In addition to allowing the all-electronic control of the interference pattern, this type of device offers new routes to power and brightness scaling in semiconductor lasers, and opportunities for all-electronic beam steering.
SARS-CoV-2 and Advanced HIV Infection (2020)

Dear Editor,There have been conflicting reports on whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased mortality or risk of severe disease in COVID-19 infections.2][3][4][5][6] We describe a patient presenting with newly diagnosed AIDS, multiple opportunistic infections and COVID-19 infection.A 48-year-old transgender woman was admitted for cough, shortness of breath and diarrhoea of 3 weeks' duration.On examination, she was afebrile, tachycardic, and had a blood pressure of 77/56mmHg and oxygen saturation of 69% on room air.She was cachectic with oral thrush.Crepitations were heard over the right lung base.She was intubated and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).Computed tomography of her chest showed multiple patchy ground-glass opacities bilaterally.Her HIV screen was positive, with a viral load of 28,700 copies/ml and CD4 count of <20 cells/μl.Endotracheal samples for both SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR were positive.The initial cycle threshold value of her SARS-CoV-2 PCR on admission was 25.45.Blood culture was positive for Salmonella enteritidis.She was initiated on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and prednisolone for severe pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and ceftriaxone for Salmonella enteriditis bacteraemia.Our patient was considered for recruitment into an ongoing remdesivir treatment trial, but was not eligible in view of her impaired renal function.There was rapid clinical improvement with antimicrobial therapy and our patient was extubated after 4 days.Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated after 1 week of admission.After 8 weeks of inpatient physiotherapy, the patient was discharged.The current available data shows conflicting evidence on whether COVID-19 and HIV co-infection are associated with greater mortality or severe disease.A case series in Spain reported a mortality rate of 4% among 51 HIV-infected individuals with COVID-19,
Purine analogues as potential chemotherapeutic agents. III (1982)

Abstract Alkylation of 3‐phenyl/benzyl‐8‐mercaptoxanthines and 2‐phenyl‐8‐mercaptoadenine with various alkyl halides under different conditions is studied. The structure of the compounds is confirmed by spectroscopic studies and elemental analyses.
Analysis of chromosome 22 deletions in neurofibromatosis type 2-related tumors. (1992)

The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene has been hypothesized to be a recessive tumor suppressor, with mutations at the same locus on chromosome 22 that lead to NF2 also leading to sporadic tumors of the types seen in NF2. Flanking markers for this gene have previously been defined as D22S1 centromeric and D22S28 telomeric. Identification of subregions of this interval that are consistently rearranged in the NF2-related tumors would aid in better defining the disease locus. To this end, we have compared tumor and constitutional DNAs, isolated from 39 unrelated patients with sporadic and NF2-associated acoustic neuromas, meningiomas, schwannomas, and ependymomas, at eight polymorphic loci on chromosome 22. Two of the tumors studied revealed loss-of-heterozygosity patterns, which is consistent with the presence of chromosome 22 terminal deletions. By using additional polymorphic markers, the terminal deletion breakpoint found in one of the tumors, an acoustic neuroma from an NF2 patient, was mapped within the previously defined NF2 region. The breakpoint occurred between the haplotyped markers D22S41/D22S46 and D22S56. This finding redefines the proximal flanking marker and localizes the NF2 gene between markers D22S41/D22S46 and D22S28. In addition, we identified a sporadic acoustic neuroma that reveals a loss-of-heterozygosity pattern consistent with mitotic recombination or deletion and reduplication, which are mechanisms not previously seen in studies of these tumors. This finding, while inconsistent with models of tumorigenesis that invoke single deletions and their gene-dosage effects, lends further support to the recessive tumor-suppressor model.
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Heparin Conformation (1977)

A wide variety of heparins in the sodium salt form yield a characteristic X-ray pattern with a triclinic unit cell having dimensions, a = 1.102 nm, b = 1.201 nm, c (fibre axis) = 1.680 nm, = 90.0°, = 116.2°, and = 107.3°. The molecular conformation of such heparins has been studied by packing analysis and X-ray structure factor methods, including linked-atom least-squares refinement against the 0.3 nm data. The heparin conformations resulting from the incorporation of the sulphated -L-iduronate residue in either of the two chairs 4C1 and 1C4 or the skew-boat 1S3 conformation were examined. Those conformations with the sulphated -L-iduronate residue in the 4C1 chair form could be excluded, but models containing 1C4 and 1S3 conformers were able to fit the packing and X-ray structure data satisfactorily and it did not prove possible to discriminate between them.
Process analytical technology (PAT) for biopharmaceutical products: Part II. Concepts and applications (2009)

Implementing real-time product quality control meets one or both of the key goals outlined in FDA's PAT guidance: "variability is managed by the process" and "product quality attributes can be accurately and reliably predicted over the design space established for materials used, process parameters, manufacturing, environmental, and other conditions." The first part of the paper presented an overview of PAT concepts and applications in the areas of upstream and downstream processing. In this second part, we present principles and case studies to illustrate implementation of PAT for drug product manufacturing, rapid microbiology, and chemometrics. We further present our thoughts on how PAT will be applied to biotech processes going forward. The role of PAT as an enabling component of the Quality by Design framework is highlighted. Integration of PAT with the principles stated in the ICH Q8, Q9, and Q10 guidance documents is also discussed.