gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbene complexes of gold: preparation, medical application and bonding (2008)

New preparative methods for gold carbene complexes have been developed and older ones modified to prepare compounds with specific inherent properties for targeted applications. One of the important areas of application that has grown rapidly and wherein carbene complexes are increasingly significant falls within the field of medicine. Sophisticated theoretical calculations have accompanied many synthetic studies. These aspects are covered in this critical review (65 references).
Cleave Engineered Layer Transfer using Porous Silicon (2008)

A Cleave-Engineered Layer Transfer (CELT) substrate was fabricated consisting of a thin InP template layer transferred, via wafer bonding and hydrogen exfoliation, onto a silicon handle wafer with a porous layer at its surface. The mechanically weak porous silicon layer enables transfer of subsequent epitaxial growth and device fabrication on the template layer by initiating cleavage through the porous layer. Structural and mechanical property changes in the porous silicon layer after various processing conditions were studied. Characterization included atomic force microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation measurements. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show the template layer has high surface- and crystalline- quality for subsequent epitaxial deposition. Layer transfer capability was demonstrated on a similar structure by fracture through the porous layer.
Crystal Structure of New Metallic Compound Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub>·InCl (1990)

Crystal structure analysis of a new metallic compound, Cu 6 O 8 ·InCl, has been carried out using the X-ray powder pattern-fitting method (Rietveld method) together with thermal analysis. This compound has a face-centered cubic structure analogous to Ag 7 O 8 (NO 3 ) with a space group of Fm 3̄m and a unit cell dimension of a =9.166 Å ( R wp =2.65%). This compound decomposed at 600°C to CuO and In 2 Cu 2 O 5 .
Correlation of Electrical Conductivity, Compressive Strength, and Permeability of Repair Materials (2020)

In recent years, the construction industry has invested a lot of effort in increasing concrete 2 safety and in extending the service life of structures. Several test methods, such as water 3 penetration, surface/bulk electrical resistivity, rapid chloride permeability (RCP), and half-cell 4 potential, have been proposed to study concrete durability. This study establishes the 5 relationship between multiple durability test methods in the context of concrete repair, which 6 was rarely selected as the object for study. By means of experimental study, this study finds 7 that surface resistivity has a linear relation to bulk resistivity and a polynomial relation to water 8 permeability. No relationship can be established between concrete resistivity and compressive 9 strength, though high-strength concrete tends to have a high resistivity. RCP test results do not 10 correlate well with resistivity measurements, which requires further study to overcome its 11 heating and binding effect when measurements are being taken.
지방세 혜택의 효과에 관한 연구: 동태 일반균형모델을 이용한 시뮬레이션 분석 (2003)

지방 경제를 활성화하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지난 20여 년간 미국의 각 지방정부들은 기업에 대한 세금혜택을 강화해 왔다. 이러한 조세정책은 정책결정자들에 의해 대단히 선호되어왔으나, 그 경제적 효과에 대해서는 경제학자들 간에 많은 논쟁이 있어왔다. 이 논문은 a dynamic CGE model을 이용하여 미국네브래스카 주의 기업에 대한 조세감면혜택의 효과를 분석하였다. 2001년을 기점으로 하여, 향 후 7년간, 매 년 $ 100 million의 기업 세금 감면을 시뮬레이션 한 결과, 네브래스카 지역의 투자는 $ 6,760 million 늘어났으며, 23,000의 일자리를 창출할 것으로 추정하였다. 이러한 경제적 성장은 세금감면의 비용인 조세지출의 약 200 퍼센트를 상회하는 지역 소득을 가져왔으며, 기업 세금감면에 의한 비용을 제외할 때 약 100 퍼센트의 추가적 소득을 가져왔다. 그러나 이러한 경제성장에 의한 추가적인 조세수입은 조세지출의 약 20 퍼센트에 머묾으로써 지방정부의 재정결손을 전부 보상 할 만큼 크지는 않다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 동태 일반균형분석에 의한 지방 조세정책의 분석은, 비록 경기 예측치로서 사용 할 수는 없지만, 정책의 장기에 걸친 효과의 방향과 크기를 보여 줌으로서, 정책 변화에 따른 여러 가지 경제적 함의들을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 결과들은 지방경제를 활성화하려는, 정책결정자들에게 유효한 지침으로 제시될 수 있을 것이다.
Self-Adaptive Consolidation of Virtual Machines For Energy-Efficiency in the Cloud (2016)

In virtualized data centers, consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs) on minimizing the number of total physical machines (PMs) has been recognized as a very efficient approach. This paper considers the energy-efficient consolidation of VMs in a Cloud Data center. Concentrating on CPU-intensive applications, the objective is to schedule all requests non-preemptively, subjecting to constraints of PM capacities and running time interval spans, such that the total energy consumption of all PMs is minimized (called MinTE for abbreviation). The MinTE problem is NP-complete in general. We propose a self-adaptive approached called SAVE. The approach makes decisions of the assignment and migration of VMs by probabilistic processes and is based exclusively on local information, therefore it is very simple to implement. Both simulation and real environment test show that our proposed method SAVE can reduce energy consumption about 30% against VMWare DRS and 10-20% against EcoCloud on average.
Assessment of the Hydraulic Conductivity of the Furnace Slag Coated with the Mixture of Bentonite-sepiolite-guargum under Sea Water Condition (2011)

Bentonite has been generally used as vertical cutoff barrier material and reported to have several problems regarding its low workability, drying shrinkage cracking by particle cohesion, and ineffective waterproof ability under sea water condition. In this study, the particle sealant, the furnace slag coated by the mixture of bentonite, sepiolite and guargum, was developed to compensate these weak points and the hydraulic conductivity of the particle sealant was evaluated. Drying shrinkage cracking and swelling index was estimated to find the optimal mixing ratio of bentonite, sepiolite and guargum. The hydraulic conductivity of the particle sealants having different amount of sealant (bentonite-sepioliteguargum mixture) coating the furnace slag was estimated using the rigid wall permeameter and flexible wall permeameter. The results showed that drying shrinkage cracking was not found in the bentonite-sepiolite mixture with 20% sepiolite contents and the results from free swelling tests for the sealant having 1 : 0.025, 1 : 0.05 and 1 : 0.075 of weight ratios of bentonite-sepiolite mixture and guargum under simulated sea water condition were higher than those for the bentonitesepiolite mixture without guargum under tap water condition. These three sealants were coated on the furnace slag with 50% and 60% of sealant in the particle sealant and the hydraulic conductivity was estimated. In the cases of the particle sealants having 20% sepiolite in the bentonite-sepiolite mixture and 1 : 0.075 weight ratio of the bentonite-sepiolite mixture and guargum, the hydraulic conductivity from the rigid wall permeameter was below <TEX>$1.0{\times}10^{-7}$</TEX> cm/sec under simulated sea water condition. The hydraulic conductivity of the particle sealant having <TEX>$1.0{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>~<TEX>$1.0{\times}10^{-7}$</TEX> cm/sec by the rigid wall permeameter was estimated using the flexible wall permeameter and found to be below <TEX>$1.0{\times}10^{-7}$</TEX> cm/sec.
Polishing-induced contamination of fused silica optics and laser induced damage density at 351 nm (2005)

In this paper we study the effect of contamination induced by fabrication process on laser damage density of fused silica polished parts at 351 nm in nanosecond regime. We show, owing to recent developments of our raster scan metrology, that a good correlation exists between damage density and concentration of certain contaminants for the considered parts.
A Short Stereoselective Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-Salmeterol (2005)

A short, highly stereoselective oxy-Michael approach to the total synthesis of the β2-agonist, (R)-salmeterol is described.
Formation of spherical protein nanoparticles without impacting protein integrity (2008)

Protein formulation at the nanoscale is challenging because of protein susceptibility to chemical and physical degradation during processing. Herein, we present a straightforward method to prepare spherical protein nanoparticles by co-lyophilizing five structurally different enzymes (horseradish peroxidase, carbonic anhydrase, lysozyme, subtilisin Carlsberg and α-chymotrypsin) with methyl-β-cyclodextrin followed by suspension of the powders in ethyl acetate. The size distribution was narrow and varied from 88 ± 14 to 148 ± 16 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs confirmed the size and spherical morphology of the protein nanoparticles. Residual activities for all enzymes tested were 100% upon dissolving the nanoparticles in buffer and no insoluble aggregates were formed.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 5/2014 (2014)

Front Cover: How to suppress the instability of liquid thin films on solid surfaces? Crystalline polymers (low weight percentage) dissolved in the liquid may produce in situ a network of the crystalline fibrils during the coating process. The network forms a liquid gel and prevents dewetting of the liquid. This strategy can be used to generate micropatterns of divserse materials such as polymers, metal oxides, and metals. This process allows fabrication of residual layer-free micropatterns, which has long been a challenge in soft lithography. Further details can be found in the article by J. Park , M. Park , and U. Jeong* on page 560.
Regional Advantages of Green Feed Production in China: Based on Panel Data of 31 Provinces in China from 2014 to 2016 (2019)

The panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2014 to 2016 were subjected to production concentration ratio and scale comparative advantage index analysis combining explicit supply and implicit demand. It was found that the explicit supply of green feed production and the production areas of beef cattle and mutton sheep related to implicit demand of green feed production terminal are relatively concentrated and stable. The area of green feed production with scale comparative advantage accounts for a large proportion. The number of advantageous areas was less than that of beef cattle and mutton sheep. There were fewer matching advantageous areas between the explicit green feed supply and the implicit cattle and sheep consumption across China. According to the matching between explicit green feed supply and implicit beef and sheep consumption, China’s green feed production can be divided into four types. Therefore, based on grasping the current layout of green feed and beef cattle and mutton sheep production, according to the comparative advantages of each region, the government should make reasonable arrangements according to local conditions and adopt different development strategies for different regions.
Eczema (2011)

Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a common chronic, relapsing skin disease characterized by pruritus, disrupted epidermal barrier function, and immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitization to food and environmental allergens. Atopic dermatitis is a complex disease that arises from interactions between genes and the environment. Loci on several chromosomes have been identified, including a family of epithelium-related genes called the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1q21. Mutations in filaggrin, a key protein in epidermal differentiation, have also been identified in early-onset and severe atopic dermatitis. There are 3 classical stages of eczema: infantile, childhood, and adulthood. The spectrum of eczema presentation varies widely from a variant that only affect the hand to major forms where a patient presents with erythroderma. The acute and subacute lesions of atopic dermatitis are often characterized by intensely pruritic, erythematous papules and vesicles with excoriations and a serous exudate. Chronic atopic dermatitis is exemplified by lichenified plaques and papules with excoriations. Atopic dermatitis patients are also at higher risk for skin infections, including bacterial and viral superinfections. Conventional therapy includes avoidance of irritants and potential allergens, as well as continued hydration of the skin with thick emollients. Topical corticosteroids and topical immunomodulators are often used primarily. Other therapies including phototherapy, antimicrobials, antihistamines, and systemic immunosuppressives are also options in certain situations.
Off-Label Biologic Regimens in Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety of Dose Escalation, Reduction, and Interrupted Biologic Therapy (2012)

Dose escalation in non-responders generally resulted in increased efficacy in the examined biologics used to treat moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Continuous treatment with anti-TNF agents and anti-IL12/23 agent results in superior efficacy over interrupted therapy. The decision to use off-label dosing needs to account for both benefits and risks and be individualized to patients' disease severity, quality of life, and existence of comorbidities.
Use of continuous approximations within discrete algorithms for routing vehicles: Experimental results and interpretation (1994)

Abstract This paper creates and tests a vehicle routing heuristic that combines features of continuous space modeling and discrete modeling. The goals of the paper were (1) to determine whether exploiting continuous space approximations in the formation of an initial partition of customers into districts produces significant improvements in solution quality and (2) to test the validity of Daganzo's route‐length approximation in cases where shipment sizes are either identical or variable. The initial partition is created by dividing the service region into multiple annuli and then partitioning the annuli with a modified sweep algorithm. The initial solution is iteratively updated with a generalized assignment algorithm, which employs a new method for approximating the cost of inserting a stop into a tour. Computational tests have been systematically performed on over 500 sample problems with up to 170 stops and 70 districts. Unlike prior research, sample problems are sufficiently large to exhibit the multiple‐annuli phenomenon studied in Daganzo's work. Results show that continuous space models can provide substantial improvements in the initial customer partition compared to single‐annulus methods. However, after repeated application of a generalized assignment algorithm, the initial advantage of the continuous space solution tends to evaporate. Results also show that Daganzo's model provides accurate predictions of average distance between stops, especially on large problems with identical shipment sizes. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the Integration of Parametric Polynominal Surface Representations Into CSG Based Solid Modelling (1989)

Abstract The integration of sculptured surface and solid modelling techniques across a common geometric domain continues as an active source of research and development in computer aided geometric design. Although much progress has been made, fundamental difficulties remain due to the differing approaches to shape representation and subsequent evaluation found in the two modelling paradigms. The first part of the paper reviews some of the issues arising when addressing the integration of existing sculptured surface representations into a Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) based solid modeller. The second part describes work at Leeds which proposes the use of a new evaluation technique known as ISOS (Inner Set Outer Set) for CSG defined objects which incorporate both quadric and B-spline surface geometry.
Síndrome metabólica em idosos assistidos na atenção terciária à saúde em Curitiba, Paraná: prevalência e associação com saúde, capacidade funcional, estilo de vida e fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos (2016)

EnglishAims: To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly assisted in tertiary health care and the association between metabolic syndrome and health, functional capacity, life style, and demographic and socioeconomic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving elderly assisted in an outpatient medical clinic of a university hospital in Curitiba, capital of Parana State, Brazil. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII). The variables evaluated were: metabolic syndrome and its components; demographic and socioeconomic factors (age, sex, education, family income); lifestyle (smoking, alcohol use, adherence to diet, physical activity); health profile (non-communicable diseases, continued use of medicines); and functional capacity, determined by Katz and Lawton scales.Results: The study included 133 elderly, with a mean age of 68.7±5.8 years (60-85 years), most of them women (66.9%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 63.9%, being 71.8% in women and 28.2% in men (p=0.16). Metabolic syndrome was more frequent in individuals aged 60-69 years compared with those above that age (64.7% versus 35.3%; p=0.03). There was also association of metabolic syndrome with reporting five or more chronic diseases (60.0% versus 29.2%, p portuguesObjetivos: Avaliar a prevalencia de sindrome metabolica em idosos assistidos na atencao terciaria a saude e a associacao entre sindrome metabolica e saude, capacidade funcional, estilo de vida e fatores demograficos e socioeconomicos.Metodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo idosos atendidos em um ambulatorio de Clinica Medica de um hospital universitario localizado em Curitiba, capital do Parana. A sindrome metabolica foi definida pelos criterios do National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII). As variaveis avaliadas foram: sindrome metabolica e seus componentes; fatores demograficos e socioeconomicos (faixa etaria, sexo, escolaridade, renda familiar); estilo de vida (tabagismo, etilismo, adesao a dieta, atividade fisica); perfil de saude (doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis, medicamentos de uso continuo); e capacidade funcional, determinada atraves das escalas de Katz e de Lawton.Resultados: Participaram do estudo 133 idosos, com media de idade de 68,7±5,8 anos (60-85 anos), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (66,9%). A prevalencia de sindrome metabolica foi de 63,9%, sendo 71,8% entre mulheres e 28,2% entre os homens (p=0,16). Sindrome metabolica foi mais frequente nos individuos entre 60-69 anos em comparacao com os acima dessa idade (64,7% versus 35,3%; p=0,03). Tambem houve associacao de sindrome metabolica com relato de cinco ou mais doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis (60,0% versus 29,2%, p
The efficient method for DNA encapsulation into reconstituted sendai virus envelopes (1988)

studies of electron transport reactions at low temperatures
Calcineurin Is Required for Sclerotial Development and Pathogenicity of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> in an Oxalic Acid-Independent Manner (2006)

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic, omnivorous plant pathogen with worldwide distribution. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum are pigmented, multihyphal structures that play a central role in the life and infection cycles of this pathogen. Calcineurin, a Ser/Thr phosphatase linked to several signal-transduction pathways, plays a key role in the regulation of cation homeostasis, morphogenesis, cell-wall integrity, and pathogenesis in fungi. We demonstrate that calcineurin expression in S. sclerotiorum is altered in a phase-specific manner during sclerotial development. Inhibition of calcineurin by FK506, cysclosporin A, or inducible antisense calcineurin expression impaired sclerotial development at the prematuration phase and increased germination of preformed sclerotia. Induction of antisense calcineurin expression in S. sclerotiorum resulted in reduced pathogenesis on tomato and Arabidopsis. However, secretion of oxalic acid, a key virulence factor of S. sclerotiorum, was not altered. Inhibition of calcineurin conferred a reduction in cell wall beta-1,3-glucan content and increased sensitivity to cell-wall-degrading enzymes and to the glucan synthase inhibitor caspofungin. Thus, calcineurin plays a major role in both sclerotial development and pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum and, most likely, other phytopathogens.
Self-diffusion in nonionic surfactant-water systems (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-diffusion in nonionic surfactant-water systemsMikael Jonstroemer, Bengt Joensson, and Bjoern LindmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 8, 3293–3300Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100161a060https://doi.org/10.1021/j100161a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
WiVision: a wireless video system for real-time distribution and on-demand playback (2004)

The ability to deliver digital video over wireless networks is an enabling technology for many useful applications, ranging from home entertainment and security monitoring to enterprise messaging and military reconnaissance, and thus represents the holy grail of wireless technology development. We describe a wireless video delivery system, WiVision, which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs as the last mile for both real-time video distribution and on-demand video playback. WiVision can air both live events, such as on-campus seminars and sports activities, and prestored video streams, such as course lectures and financial analysis sessions, to mobile users, who can tune in to selected channels of their choice from their laptops or PDAs. An innovative feature of WiVision is the support for random video access based on keyword-search, where keywords are extracted from the closed-caption text embedded in TV programs. In addition, WiVision is able to broadcast video streams on the wireless link while seamlessly working with commercially available media players. The paper presents the implementation details of the real-time acquisition and network transport components of a fully operational WiVision prototype, and the results of a performance evaluation study on that prototype.
Selbstorganisation von wasserstoffbrückengebundenen Hexameren zu sphärischen und röhrenförmigen Überstrukturen im mikroskopischen Maßstab (2006)

In die Röhre geschaut: Hexamere Nanokapseln aus wasserstoffbrückengebundenen Pyrogallol[4]arenen organisieren sich zu Sphären (A), Röhren und Kombinationen der beiden (B) im Sub-Mikrometermaßstab. Diese Ensembles wurden durch dynamische Lichtstreuung, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) und Rasterkraftmikroskopie charakterisiert (unten rechts im Bild: TEM-Aufnahme einer röhrenförmigen Verbindung zwischen zwei Sphären). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z600671_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.