gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flight tests of the computational reconfigurable imaging spectrometer (2020)

We present the first flight data using a Computational Reconfigurable Imaging Spectrometer (CRISP) system. CRISP (Sullenberger et al., 2017) is a novel hyperspectral thermal imaging spectrometer that uses computational imaging to enable high sensitivity measurements (via spectral multiplexing) from smaller, noisier, and less-expensive components (e.g., uncooled microbolometers) making it useful on small space and air platforms with strict size, weight, and power requirements. In contrast to other multiplexing hyperspectral solutions (e.g Michelson interferometer), it does not require moving parts, allowing for a robust system without aggressive engineering solutions. We discuss flight system design and calibration. Spectra from ground targets and gaseous species are compared to performance expectations. We successfully demonstrate the ability to extract airborne longwave infrared (8–12 μm) imagery and spectra from an uncooled camera-based CRISP system.
Generalized SCL-Flip Decoding of Polar Codes (2020)

In this paper, two improvements for successive cancellation list flip (SCL-Flip) decoding are presented for polar codes. First, a novel bit-selection metric based on path metric (PM) is introduced. With the proposed metric, the improved scheme can have lower complexity and saturate faster than other state-of-the-art decoders. Second, we generalize the SCL-Flip decoding, denoted SCL-Flip-ω, to flip the decision in path competition at most ω times in decoding process. We analyze the frequency of channel-induced error under various circumstances, measure the trade-off between error-correction performance and complexity, and then propose SCL-Flip-2 decoding which is the first SCL-based decoding that allows for multiple bits for flipping to the best of our knowledge. Simulation results reveal that the proposed decoding with a small list size can achieve a better performance than CA-SCL decoding with a large list size while keeping the complexity low.
A novel three-level active neutral-point-clamped zero-voltage switching converter using coupled magnetic (2011)

A novel three-level zero-voltage-switching active neutral-point-clamped converter is presented in this paper. The proposed soft-switching topology employs only two auxiliary switches, two auxiliary diodes, one coupled magnetic to assist the main devices in each phase leg. The zero-voltage turning-on of main switches is achieved and there is no reverse recovery on diodes; besides that the auxiliary devices switch at soft-switching condition. Meanwhile, voltage stress of all switching devices is clamped to half of the DC-link voltage and the current rating of auxiliary devices is much smaller than that of main devices. The control scheme is simple, no additional sensor is needed and the feature of normal PWM strategy is detained. The operation principle is analyzed and simulation results verify the analysis.
Spatial Light Modulators As Parallel Memories For Optoelectronic Neural Networks (1990)

A generic architecture for realizing neural networks is presented in which the synaptic interaction matrix is loaded in parallel into an electronic integrated circuit from a SLM. Three types of the electronic processors are described using CCD, CID and CMOS technologies respectively. The pros and cons of currently existing SLMs for this architecture are pointed out.
Hierarchic and combinatorial star couplers (1984)

An interconnection method for transmissive stars is presented that permits the fabrication of arbitrarily large stars from elementary ones. Being free from multiple-path interference, this synthesis is particularly well suited for single-mode stars. The method can be implemented with any of a number of techniques; in particular, the use of recently developed high-quality 3-dB couplers should result in the synthesis of large single-mode stars with negligible excess loss.
Preparation of tritium- or deuterium-labeled vitamin D analogs by a convenient general method (1981)

The three-step conversion of vitamin D analogs to 6-oxo-3,5-cyclovitamin D derivatives followed by reduction with a tritide or deuteride reagent and subsequent cycloreversion gives 6-tritio(deutero)vitamin D derivatives and corresponding 5,6-trans-analogs. The method is general and affords the 6-labeled-vitamin D analogs in approximately 20% overall yield.
SpiderRadio: A cognitive radio network with commodity hardware and open source software (2011)

In this article we present SpiderRadio, a cognitive radio prototype for dynamic spectrum access networking. SpiderRadio is built using commodity IEEE 802.11a/b/g hardware and the open source MadWiFi driver. This helps us in developing and testing our prototype without having to buy and manage several licensed spectrum bands. We begin with a discussion of the key research issues and challenges in the practical implementation of a dynamic spectrum access network. Then the lessons learned from the development of dynamic spectrum access protocols, designing management frame structures, software implementation of the dynamic spectrum access network protocol stack, and testbed experimental measurement results are presented. Several trade-offs in prototype implementation complexity vs. network performance are also discussed. We also identify potential security vulnerabilities in cognitive radio networks, specifically as applied to SpiderRadio, and point out some defense mechanisms against these vulnerabilities.
Modes of a lamellar grating for smith-purcell experiments (2010)

Summary form only given. If an electron beam propagates just above a grating, it produces diffraction radiation which was observed for the first time by Smith and Purcell (SP) in 1953. If the beam current is high enough, a strong interaction with the fundamental evanescent mode of the grating occurs. The beam bunches and coherent emitted radiation is expected at specific observation angles which are given by the SP relationship for the harmonics of the grating mode frequency. For small grating periods (<; 1mm), the Terahertz range can be reached, in principle.In this presentation, we give a complete study of the modes of a finite lamellar grating, the one we used in a recent experiment at CEA/CESTA1. Measurements of grating excitation with a network analyzer and 3D simulations are reported along with a new 3D theory. Excellent agreement between the theory and the simulations, as well as between the simulations and the measurements, is found. The 3D theory turns out to be a simple extension of the Andrews & Brau 2D model 2 where the transverse horizontal dimension was ignored.
Continuous wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with frequency-shifted feedback (2016)

Operation of continuous wave quantum cascade lasers with a frequency-shifted feedback provided by an acousto-optic modulator is reported. Measured linewidth of 1.7 cm−1 for these devices, under CW operating conditions, was in a good agreement with predictions of a model based on frequency-shifted feedback seeded by spontaneous emission. Linewidth broadening was observed for short sweep times, consistent with sound wave grating period variation across the illuminated area on the acousto-optic modulator. Standoff detection capability of the AOM-based QCL setup was demonstrated for several solid materials.
Identification of Antibody Against SNRPB, Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein-Associated Proteins B and B’, as an Autoantibody Marker in Crohn’s Disease using an Immunoproteomics Approach (2017)

As one of the first studies to use immunoproteomics for the identification of autoantibodies in Crohn's disease, our results support the utility of NAPPA in implementing future expanded studies with better coverage of the human proteome and microbial proteomes relevant to Crohn's disease and identifying antibody markers that may have clinical impact in diagnosis and management.
Learning to Zoom: a Saliency-Based Sampling Layer for Neural Networks (2018)

We introduce a saliency-based distortion layer for convolutional neural networks that helps to improve the spatial sampling of input data for a given task. Our differentiable layer can be added as a preprocessing block to existing task networks and trained altogether in an end-to-end fashion. The effect of the layer is to efficiently estimate how to sample from the original data in order to boost task performance. For example, for an image classification task in which the original data might range in size up to several megapixels, but where the desired input images to the task network are much smaller, our layer learns how best to sample from the underlying high resolution data in a manner which preserves task-relevant information better than uniform downsampling. This has the effect of creating distorted, caricature-like intermediate images, in which idiosyncratic elements of the image that improve task performance are zoomed and exaggerated. Unlike alternative approaches such as spatial transformer networks, our proposed layer is inspired by image saliency, computed efficiently from uniformly downsampled data, and degrades gracefully to a uniform sampling strategy under uncertainty. We apply our layer to improve existing networks for the tasks of human gaze estimation and fine-grained object classification. Code for our method is available in: http://github.com/recasens/Saliency-Sampler
The chirped-pulse inverse free-electron laser (2002)

We propose a new accelerating concept, the chirped pulse inverse free-electron laser (CPIFEL). We study the inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) accelerator both theoretically and computationally, and show that by using a femtosecond (fs), ultra-high-intensity drive laser pulse, the IFEL interaction bandwidth and accelerating gradient are increased, thus yielding large energy gains. Using a chirped pulse and negative dispersion focusing optics allows one to take advantage of the laser bandwidth and produce a chromatic line focus, maximizing the gradient. Combining these ideas results in a compact vacuum laser accelerator capable of accelerating picosecond (ps) electron bunches with a high gradient (GeV/m) and very low energy spread.
Distribution and analysis of plasmids inStreptococcus thermophilus (1986)

In a survey of 35 strains ofStreptococcus thermophilus, 13 strains were found to harbor plasmid DNA. Most of these strains contained plasmid species varying in size from 2.2 to 7.15 kilobases. Only three strains had more than one plasmid species. Each of the nine distinct types of plasmid DNAs identified had two or more unique recognition sites for restriction endonucleases. The characteristics of the indigenous cryptic plasmids ofS. thermophilus may allow their development as cloning vectors useful in the genetic engineering of this species and other streptococci that are important in food production
Fast dihedral symmetry operations on digital images in the compressed domain (2002)

We describe fast algorithms for lossless dihedral symmetry operations (rotations by ninety degrees, flips, etc.) on JPEG images. The JPEG format is widely used in digital still cameras, and these algorithms find natural applications both embedded in the camera itself and in the driver software. Current compressed domain approaches for dihedral symmetry operations typically operate on full 8/spl times/8 coefficient blocks. Our techniques for these operations use (with linear complexity) only the non-zero quantized coefficients directly in their JPEG zig-zag order, thus achieving large speed-ups as only a small number (typically less than 5) of the 64 coefficients are usually non-zero.
Anti‐tumor activity of an anti‐endoglin monoclonal antibody is enhanced in immunocompetent mice (2008)

In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which anti-endoglin (EDG; CD105) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth. Antihuman EDG mAb SN6j specifically bound to murine endothelial cells and was internalized into the cells in vitro. SN6j effectively suppressed angiogenesis in mice in the Matrigel plug assay. We found that SN6j is more effective for tumor suppression in immunocompetent mice than in SCID mice. We hypothesized that T cell immunity is important for effective antitumor efficacy of SN6j in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we investigated effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and depletion of CD4(+) T cells and/or CD8(+) T cells on antitumor efficacy of SN6j in mice. Systemic (i.v.) administration of a relatively small dose (0.6 mug/g body weight/dose) of SN6j suppressed growth of established s.c. tumors of colon-26 in BALB/c mice and improved survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Addition of CpG ODN to SN6j synergistically enhanced antitumor efficacy of SN6j. In contrast, such enhancing effects of CpG ODN were not detected in SCID mice. Antitumor efficacy of SN6j in BALB/c mice was abrogated when CD4(+) T cells and/or CD8(+) T cells were depleted; effect of CD8(+) T cell depletion was stronger. Interestingly, CD4-depletion decreased tumor growth while CD8-depletion enhanced tumor growth in the absence of SN6j. SN6j induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner which indicates an additional mechanism of antiangiogenesis by SN6j. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Impact of carbon to nitrogen ratio and aeration regime on mainstream deammonification (2016)

While deammonification of high-strength wastewater in the sludge line of sewage treatment plants has become well established, the potential cost savings spur the development of this technology for mainstream applications. This study aimed at identifying the effect of aeration and organic carbon on the deammonification process. Two 10 L sequencing bath reactors with different aeration frequencies were operated at 25°C. Real wastewater effluents from chemically enhanced primary treatment and high-rate activated sludge process were fed into the reactors with biodegradable chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (bCOD/N) of 2.0 and 0.6, respectively. It was found that shorter aerobic solids retention time (SRT) and higher aeration frequency gave more advantages for aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) than nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the system. From the kinetics study, it is shown that the affinity for oxygen is higher for NOB than for AerAOB, and higher dissolved oxygen set-point could decrease the affinity of both AerAOB and NOB communities. After 514 days of operation, it was concluded that lower organic carbon levels enhanced the activity of anoxic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) over denitrifiers. As a result, the contribution of AnAOB to nitrogen removal increased from 40 to 70%. Overall, a reasonably good total removal efficiency of 66% was reached under a low bCOD/N ratio of 2.0 after adaptation.
Quality Assurance of Torrefied Biomass Using RGB, Visual and near Infrared (Hyper) Spectral Image Data (2014)

Visible and near infrared imaging techniques for analysing characteristics of torrefied biomass were evaluated for possible use in future online process control. The goal of such a control system is to identify products with the desired properties and reject products outside the specification. Two pushbroom hyperspectral cameras with different wavelength regions and a commercial digital colour camera were evaluated. The hyperspectral cameras, short wave infrared (SWIR) and visible–near infrared (VNIR), covered the ranges of 1000–2500 nm and 400–1000 nm, respectively. The biomass was produced according to an experimental design in a torrefaction pilot plant at different temperatures, residence times, and nitrogen and steam flow rates to obtain a wide range of different characteristics and qualities of torrefied material. Chemical characteristics, heating values and milling energy of the different torrefied materials were analysed or calculated using standardized procedures and were used for calibration. For the hyperspectral images, a principal-component analysis was performed on the absorbance spectra. The score plots and score images were used interactively to separate background, outlier pixels and shading effects from sample signal. Averaged spectra of individual torrefied woodchips were used. Partial least-squares regression was used to relate average spectra to heating values and chemical characteristics of the torrefied biomass. Owing to the small size of the data sets, cross-validation using leave-one-out validation was used for testing the models. The ratio of standard error of prediction to sample standard deviation ( RPD) values were used for comparing the imaging techniques. For RGB images, all RPD values were 4 or lower. The RPD values for the VNIR technique were all below 5, while the SWIR images produced RPD values above 5 for eight of the 13 properties. The promising results of the SWIR technique strongly suggested that the torrefied biomass undergoes changes to chemical structures, which are not necessarily manifested as changes to the colour of the material.
Note: Integration of trapped ion mobility spectrometry with mass spectrometry (2011)

The integration of a trapped ion mobility spectrometer (TIMS) with a mass spectrometer (MS) for complementary fast, gas-phase mobility separation prior to mass analysis (TIMS-MS) is described. The ion transmission and mobility separation are discussed as a function of the ion source condition, bath gas velocity, analysis scan speed, RF ion confinement, and downstream ion optical conditions. TIMS mobility resolution depends on the analysis scan speed and the bath gas velocity, with the unique advantage that the IMS separation can be easily tuned from high speed (~25 ms) for rapid analysis to slower scans for higher mobility resolution (R > 80).
Increases in walking distance in patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with L-carnitine: a double-blind, cross-over study. (1988)

A double-blind, cross-over study was designed to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine in patients with peripheral vascular disease. After drug washout, 20 patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo or L-carnitine (2 g bid, orally) for a period of 3 weeks and were then crossed over to the other treatment for an additional 3 weeks. The effect on walking distance at the end of each treatment period was measured by treadmill test. Absolute walking distance rose from 174 +/- 63 m with placebo to 306 +/- 122 m (p less than .01) with carnitine. Biopsy of the ischemic muscle, carried out before and after 15 days of L-carnitine administration in four additional patients, showed that treatment significantly increased total carnitine levels. An additional goal of this study was to ascertain the effects of L-carnitine on the metabolic changes induced by exercise in the affected limb. In six patients under control conditions, arterial and popliteal venous lactate and pyruvate concentrations were determined at rest, when the maximal walking distance was reached, and 5 min after the walking test. Twenty-four hours later, L-carnitine was administered intravenously (3 g as a bolus followed by an infusion of 2 mg/kg/min for 30 min) and metabolic assessments were repeated. Five minutes after the walking test, popliteal venous lactate concentration increased by 107 +/- 16% before treatment and by only 54 +/- 32% (p less than .01) after carnitine. Furthermore, carnitine induced a more rapid recovery to the resting value of the lactate/pyruvate ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In Search of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)-Free Controls: The “Holy Grail” in Genetic Addiction Risk Testing (2019)

Unlike one gene-one disease (OGOD), RDS is polygenetic, and very complex. In addition, any RDS-related behaviors must be eliminated from the control group in order to obtain the best possible statistical analysis instead of comparing the phenotype with disease-ridden controls.
A phase I study of nanoliposomal irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in combination with interleukin-1-alpha antagonist for advanced pancreatic cancer patients with cachexia (OnFX). (2020)

4634 Background: Interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α) promotes tumor inflammation by shaping the tumor microenvironment, including tumor infiltrating myeloid cell recruitment, angiogenesis, and skewing and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. IL-1a inhibition in cancer subjects increased lean body mass and decreased fatigue, pain, and appetite loss. We report results of a single site phase 1 trial for an IL-1α antagonist (bermekimab) in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (Nal-Iri) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU)/folinic acid (FA) in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma and cachexia who have failed gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Methods: A Bayesian adaptive design based on escalation with overdose control was used. Data are presented as frequency (percentage, %) for categorical variables and mean (± standard deviation) for continuous variables. Lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass were assessed at cycle 1 and 3, and T-test was used to assess changes. Results: Of 21 pts enrolled, 18 were evaluable. Median age was 68. Bermekimab in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (70 mg/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (2400mg/m2) was well tolerated at the highest dose level (12mg/kg). 10 pts experienced grade 3/4 toxicities including sepsis, anemia, hypokalemia, neutropenia, or leukopenia. There were no instances of grade 3/4 diarrhea. Ten pts (56%) had weight stability ( < 0.1 kg/BMI). Efficacy results include PR (n = 4, 22%), SD (n = 13, 72%), and PD (n = 1, 6%). PFS 7.7 m (95% CI: 4.34-12.73) and OS 10.5 m (95% CI: 5.79-17.70) were reported. LBM and fat mass change was -1.6 kg (± 2.0; p-value = 0.003) and -1.4 kg (± 1.7; p-value = 0.004). CRP was 20.4 (± 35.6) at cycle 1 and decreased significantly (p-value = 0.005). Serum VEGF decreased from C1 to C3 (p-value = 0.007). QLQ-PAN26 domains improved, particularly hepatic function (p = 0.04). FAACT scores improved for functional well-being (p = 0.02). Average daily step counts increased by 589 steps/day (p = 0.29) and resting heart rate decreased by 2.5 beats per minute (p = 0.005), as assessed by actigraphy. Conclusions: Bermekimab, nano-liposomal irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil in refractory pancreatic cancer patients with cachexia was well-tolerated with promising efficacy and improvements in patient performance. Clinical trial information: NCT03207724 .
moDNN: Memory Optimal Deep Neural Network Training on Graphics Processing Units (2018)

Graphics processing units (GPUs) have been widely adopted to accelerate the training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Although the computational performance of GPUs has been improving steadily, the memory size of modern GPUs is still quite limited, which restricts the sizes of DNNs that can be trained on GPUs, and hence raises serious challenges. This paper introduces a framework, referred to as moDNN (memory optimal DNN training on GPUs), to optimize the memory usage in DNN training. moDNN supports automatic tuning of DNN training code to match any given memory budget (not smaller than the theoretical lower bound). By taking full advantage of overlapping computations and data transfers, we develop new heuristics to judiciously schedule data offloading and prefetching transfers, together with convolution algorithm selection, to optimize memory usage. We further devise a new sub-batch size selection method which also greatly reduces memory usage. moDNN can save memory usage up to 59×, compared with an ideal case which assumes that the GPU memory is sufficient to hold all data. When executing moDNN on a GPU with 12 GB memory, the training time is increased by only 3 percent, which is much shorter than that incurred by the best known approach, vDNN. Furthermore, we propose an optimization strategy for moDNN on multiple GPUs again by utilizing the idea of overlapping data transfers and GPU computations. The results show that 3.7× speedup is attained on four GPUs.
Deep tissue fluorescence imaging using time-reversed light (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.