gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric properties of metastable (Li, Na)NbO/sub 3/ ceramics (2003)

Piezoelectric properties of a metastable state in lithium sodium niobate (Li/sub 0.12/Na/sub 0.88/)NbO/sub 3/ ceramics were investigated. (Li/sub x/Na/sub 1-x/)NbO/sub 3/ system has been widely studied and the compounds around x=0.1 have attracted much attention as materials for high frequency piezoelectric applications, because of the large electro-mechanical coupling coefficient and low dielectric permittivity. However, the temperature stability of resonance frequency is not sufficient for these applications, because of the thermal hysteresis of resonance frequency around 100/spl deg/C. It is considered that the thermal hysteresis is caused by the first-order phase transition between rhombohedral and monoclinic phase. We found that the high temperature monoclinic phase became stable at room temperature after a heat treatment in (Li/sub 0.12/Na/sub 0.88/)NbO/sub 3/ (LNN) ceramics. The thermal hysteresis was not observed in the metastable LNN. The electromechanical coupling coefficients of metastable LNN became about two third of that before the heat treatment, and mechanical quality factor became about six times larger. The metastable state was affected by the heat treatment condition. Cooling from tetragonal state, which is observed above monoclinic phase, is probably needed to obtain the meatstable state.
Isoprenoid Pyrophosphate-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2017)

<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> is a natural producer of the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. The <i>crtEcg0722crtBIYEb</i> operon comprises most of its genes for terpenoid biosynthesis. The MarR-type regulator encoded upstream and in divergent orientation of the carotenoid biosynthesis operon has not yet been characterized. This regulator, named CrtR in this study, is encoded in many actinobacterial genomes co-occurring with terpenoid biosynthesis genes. CrtR was shown to repress the <i>crt</i> operon of <i>C. glutamicum</i> since DNA microarray experiments revealed that transcript levels of <i>crt</i> operon genes were increased 10 to 70-fold in its absence. Transcriptional fusions of a promoter-less <i>gfp</i> gene with the <i>crt</i> operon and <i>crtR</i> promoters confirmed that CrtR represses its own gene and the <i>crt</i> operon. Gel mobility shift assays with purified His-tagged CrtR showed that CrtR binds to a region overlapping with the -10 and -35 promoter sequences of the <i>crt</i> operon. Isoprenoid pyrophosphates interfered with binding of CrtR to its target DNA, a so far unknown mechanism for regulation of carotenogenesis. The molecular details of protein-ligand interactions remain to be studied. Decaprenoxanthin synthesis by <i>C. glutamicum</i> wild type was enhanced 10 to 30-fold upon deletion of <i>crtR</i> and was decreased 5 to 6-fold as result of <i>crtR</i> overexpression. Moreover, deletion of <i>crtR</i> was shown as metabolic engineering strategy to improve production of native and non-native carotenoids including lycopene, β-carotene, C.p. 450 and sarcinaxanthin.
Cross-scanner and cross-protocol multi-shell diffusion MRI data harmonization: Algorithms and results (2020)

Cross-scanner and cross-protocol variability of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data are known to be major obstacles in multi-site clinical studies since they limit the ability to aggregate dMRI data and derived measures. Computational algorithms that harmonize the data and minimize such variability are critical to reliably combine datasets acquired from different scanners and/or protocols, thus improving the statistical power and sensitivity of multi-site studies. Different computational approaches have been proposed to harmonize diffusion MRI data or remove scanner-specific differences. To date, these methods have mostly been developed for or evaluated on single b-value diffusion MRI data. In this work, we present the evaluation results of 19 algorithms that are developed to harmonize the cross-scanner and cross-protocol variability of multi-shell diffusion MRI using a benchmark database. The proposed algorithms rely on various signal representation approaches and computational tools, such as rotational invariant spherical harmonics, deep neural networks and hybrid biophysical and statistical approaches. The benchmark database consists of data acquired from the same subjects on two scanners with different maximum gradient strength (80 and 300 ​mT/m) and with two protocols. We evaluated the performance of these algorithms for mapping multi-shell diffusion MRI data across scanners and across protocols using several state-of-the-art imaging measures. The results show that data harmonization algorithms can reduce the cross-scanner and cross-protocol variabilities to a similar level as scan-rescan variability using the same scanner and protocol. In particular, the LinearRISH algorithm based on adaptive linear mapping of rotational invariant spherical harmonics features yields the lowest variability for our data in predicting the fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), mean kurtosis (MK) and the rotationally invariant spherical harmonic (RISH) features. But other algorithms, such as DIAMOND, SHResNet, DIQT, CMResNet show further improvement in harmonizing the return-to-origin probability (RTOP). The performance of different approaches provides useful guidelines on data harmonization in future multi-site studies.
Low-power, cylindrical, air-coupled acoustic levitation/concentration devices: Symmetry breaking of the levitation volume (2002)

A cylindrical acoustic device for levitation and/or concentration of aerosols and small liquid/solid samples (up to several millimeters in diameter) in air has been developed [Kaduchak et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 1332–1336]. It is inexpensive, low-power, and, in its simplest embodiment, does not require accurate alignment of a resonant cavity. It is constructed from a cylindrical PZT tube with thickness-to-radius ratio h/a∼0.03. The novelty of the device is that the lowest-order breathing mode of the tube is tuned to match a resonant mode of the interior air-filled cylindrical cavity. A high-Q cavity results that is driven very efficiently; drops of water in excess of 1-mm diameter are levitated for approximately 100 mW of input electrical power. The present research addresses modifying the different spatial configurations of the standing wave field within the cavity. By breaking the cylindrical symmetry, it is shown that pressure nodes can be localized for collection or separation of aerosolds or other particulate matter. Several different symmetry-breaking configurations are demonstrated. It is shown that experimental observations of the nodal arrangements agree with theoretical predictions.
Drift inversion estimation of multipath ghosts in SAR image reconstruction (2004)

Conventional SAR image formation includes the effects of only direct-scattering events. However, multipath events can be included in the measured phase history data. These multipath effects appear as "ghosts" in SAR images, thereby creating adverse image reconstructions. In order to separate the direct scatterers from the multipath scattering effects, an image reconstruction algorithm for multipath scattering (IRAMS) is applied. This method incorporates a wavelet-like inversion estimate of the multipath ghosts.
Quicksilver (2000)

This paper presents the design and implementation of the Quicksilver1 quasi-static compiler for Java. Quasi-static compilation is a new approach that combines the benefits of static and dynamic compilation, while maintaining compliance with the Java standard, including support of its dynamic features. A quasi-static compiler relies on the generation and reuse of persistent code images to reduce the overhead of compilation during program execution, and to provide identical, testable and reliable binaries over different program executions. At runtime, the quasi-static compiler adapts pre-compiled binaries to the current JVM instance, and uses dynamic compilation of the code when necessary to support dynamic Java features. Our system allows interprocedural program optimizations to be performed while maintaining binary compatibility. Experimental data obtained using a preliminary implementation of a quasi-static compiler in the Jalapeño JVM clearly demonstrates the benefits of our approach: we achieve a runtime compilation cost comparable to that of baseline (fast, non-optimizing) compilation, and deliver the runtime program performance of the highest optimization level supported by the Jalapeño optimizing compiler. For the SPECjvm98 benchmark suite, we obtain a factor of 104 to 158 reduction in the runtime compilation overhead relative to the Jalapeño optimizing compiler. Relative to the better of the baseline and the optimizing Jalapeño compilers, the overall performance (taking into account both runtime compilation and execution costs) is increased by 9.2% to 91.4% for the SPECjvm98 benchmarks with size 100, and by 54% to 356% for the (shorter running) SPECjvm98 benchmarks with size 10.
Molecular self‐assembly using peptide nucleic acids (2016)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are extensively studied for the control of genetic expression since their design in the 1990s. However, the application of PNAs in nanotechnology is much more recent. PNAs share the specific base-pair recognition characteristic of DNA together with material-like properties of polyamides, both proteins and synthetic polymers, such as Kevlar and Nylon. The first application of PNA was in the form of PNA-amphiphiles, resulting in the formation of either lipid integrated structures, hydrogels or fibrillary assemblies. Heteroduplex DNA-PNA assemblies allow the formation of hybrid structures with higher stability as compared with pure DNA. A systematic screen for minimal PNA building blocks resulted in the identification of guanine-containing di-PNA assemblies and protected guanine-PNA monomer spheres showing unique optical properties. Finally, the co-assembly of PNA with thymine-like three-faced cyanuric acid allowed the assembly of poly-adenine PNA into fibers. In summary, we believe that PNAs represent a new and important family of building blocks which converges the advantages of both DNA- and peptide-nanotechnologies.
Genotype-Phenotype Relationships in U.S. Melanoma-Prone Families With CDKN2A and CDK4 Mutations (2000)

The recurrent CDKN2A mutations were observed in families with and without pancreatic cancer, which suggests that other factors may be involved in the development of pancreatic cancer. Despite hypothetical differences in the mechanisms of action between CDKN2A and CDK4, clinical factors were indistinguishable between CMM case subjects from CDKN2A versus CDK4 families.
Receive coil array for magnetic particle imaging (2011)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a quantitative method for determining the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in-vivo. It applies various static and dynamic magnetic fields resulting in a spatially dependent particle magnetization characteristic, which can be recorded using receive coils. For spatial encoding, different field topologies were developed, which use either a point-based or a line-based acquisition scheme. The receive coil topology was, however, not changed since the first introduction of MPI in 2005. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate in a simulation study the role of the receive coils in MPI. Analogue to parallel imaging in magnetic resonance imaging, multiple receive coils are used and it is exploited, whether this allows to shorten the data acquisition time. In order to perform a realistic simulation study, a new method for modeling patient noise in MPI is proposed, which can be used even for non-orthogonal receive coils.
<title>155-Mb/s three-plane reconfigurable wavelength-division-multiplexed optical interconnection</title> (1995)

The ability to efficiently connect many high-speed parts is of critical importance for large- capacity data communications. High bandwidth, 2D optical planes can be employed to achieve such an interconnection and avoid electronic bottlenecks. A novel solution which dramatically increases the functionality of optical-plane interconnections uses wavelength multiplexing to facilitate one 2D optical plane interconnecting reconfigurably with many other planes. We report the first experimental demonstration of using wavelength multiplexing to facilitate reconfigurable interconnections between one pixel on the source plane and one pixel on each of several detector planes. We show the near-error-free 155 Mb/s transmission and detection of 3 different wavelengths at three detector planes.
Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: Mutation of the sodium channel subunit <i>SCN1B</i> (2002)

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS(+)) is an important childhood genetic epilepsy syndrome with heterogeneous phenotypes, including febrile seizures (FS) and generalized epilepsies of variable severity. Forty unrelated GEFS(+) and FS patients were screened for mutations in the sodium channel beta-subunits SCN1B and SCN2B, and the second GEFS(+) family with an SCN1B mutation is described here. The family had 19 affected individuals: 16 with typical GEFS(+) phenotypes and three with other epilepsy phenotypes. Site-specific mutation within SCN1B remains a rare cause of GEFS(+), and the authors found no evidence to implicate SCN2B in this syndrome.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of sodium and diffusion in rat glioma at 21.1 T (2011)

Sodium and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in intracranial rat 9L gliomas were evaluated over 6-8 days using the advanced sensitivity of sodium MRI at 21.1 T. Glioma doubling time was 2.4-2.6 days. Glioma sodium signal was detected using the ultra-short echo time of 0.15 ms. The high resolution 3D sodium MRI with pixels of 0.125 μL allowed for minimizing a partial volume effect often relevant to the MRI of low intensity signals. Tumor sodium and diffusion MRI were evaluated for two separate subclones of 9L cells with different resistance to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosurea detected by pre-surgery assays. In vivo, after implantation, resistant 9L cells created tumors with significantly reduced sodium concentrations (57 ± 3 mM) compared with nonresistant 9L cells (78 ± 3 mM). The corresponding differences in diffusion were less, but also statistically significant. During tumor progression, an increase of glioma sodium concentration was observed in both cell types with a rate of 2.4-5.8 %/day relative to normal brain. Tumor diffusion was not significantly changed at this time, indicative of no alterations in glioma cellularity. Thus, changes in sodium during tumor progression reflect increasing intracellular sodium concentration and mounting metabolic stress. These experiments also demonstrate an enhanced sensitivity of sodium MRI to reflect tumor cell resistance.
Low Corrosive Chemical Decontamination Method Using pH Control, (I). Basic System. (2001)

A new low corrosive decontamination method was developed which uses both oxalic acid and hydrazine as the reducing agent and potassium permanganate as the oxidizing agent. Less corrosion of structural materials during the decontamination is realized by pH control of the reducing agent. The pH of 2.5, attained by adding hydrazine to oxalic acid, was the optimum pH for maintaining a high decontamination effect and lowering the corrosion at the same time. As this reducing agent can be decomposed into carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water by using a catalyst column with hydrogen peroxide, the amount of secondary radioactive waste is small. These good features were demonstrated through actual plant decontamination tasks.
2‐Amino‐ and 2‐guanidino‐4‐thiazolylpyrimidines (1985)

Abstract The synthesis of the four possible 2‐amino‐ and 2‐guanidino‐ 4‐(2‐amino‐ and 2‐guanidinothiazolyl)pyrimi‐dines is described and p K a. values are calculated. Guanidinopyrimidines are more basic than guanidinothiazoles. However, the reverse is true of the corresponding amino heterocycles; the amino thiazole is more basic than the amino pyrimidine.
1096. FSTL_1 Is a Novel Pro_Inflammatory Protein (2006)

Follistatin-like protein (FSTL-1) is a secreted glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 40-55 KD that contains a follistatin-like domain. FSTL-1 was first isolated from a cDNA library of mouse osteoblastic cells as a transforming growth factor-|[beta]|1-inducible gene. Its function has not yet been fully elucidated. We found increased expression of FSTL-1 mRNA by microarray analysis of joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression along the margin of contact between the inflammatory synovium and eroding bone. We determined by immunohistochemistry that the source of FSTL-1 was fibroblast-like synoviocytes. The highest level of FSTL-1 expression was seen during the acute phase of CIA. When CIA mice received a non-replicating adenoviral vector encoding FSTL-1 (Ad-FSTL1) intravenously one week before the onset of arthritis, the mice developed earlier and more severe disease, compared to mice administered a control virus. This result suggests that over-expression of FSTL-1 exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis. To investigate the role of FSTL-1 in inflammation, normal DBA-1 mice received Ad-FSTL1 intravenously or in the footpad. Results of quantitative RT-PCR from the livers of mice treated intravenously with Ad-FSTL1 showed increased IL-1|[beta]| , IL-6, and TNF|[alpha]| expression compared to control group. Mice receiving Ad-FSTL1 in the footpad showed significant swelling and increased IL-1|[beta]| and IL-6 protein compared to the controls. In addition to in vivo experiments, we stably-transfected the human monocyte cell line, U937, with FSTL-1. Although these cells did not spontaneously produce inflammatory cytokines, addition of PMA to induce differentiation into macrophages led to secretion of IL-1|[beta]|, TNF-|[alpha]|, and IL-6. A substantial synergistic effect was observed upon addition of LPS, suggesting that FSTL-1 utilizes a distinct signaling pathway different from the LPS receptor. These results suggest that FSTL-1 is a pro- inflammatory molecule that might serve as a novel target for therapy of arthritis or other inflammatory diseases.
Monolithic chalcogenide glass waveguide integrated interband cascaded laser (2021)

Mid-infrared photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that combine on-chip light sources with other optical components constitute a key enabler for applications such as chemical sensing, light detection, ranging, and free-space communications. In this paper, we report the monolithic integration of interband cascade lasers emitting at 3.24 µm with passive, high-index-contrast waveguides made of chalcogenide glasses. Output from the chalcogenide waveguides exhibits pulsed peak power up to 150 mW (without roll-over), threshold current density 280 A/cm 2 , and slope efficiency 100 mW/A at 300 K, with a lower bound of 38% efficiency for coupling between the two waveguides. These results represent an important step toward the realization of fully integrated mid-infrared PICs.
Dialog state tracking, a machine reading approach using Memory Network (2016)

In an end-to-end dialog system, the aim of dialog state tracking is to accurately estimate a compact representation of the current dialog status from a sequence of noisy observations produced by the speech recognition and the natural language understanding modules. This paper introduces a novel method of dialog state tracking based on the general paradigm of machine reading and proposes to solve it using an End-to-End Memory Network, MemN2N, a memory-enhanced neural network architecture. We evaluate the proposed approach on the second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC-2) dataset. The corpus has been converted for the occasion in order to frame the hidden state variable inference as a question-answering task based on a sequence of utterances extracted from a dialog. We show that the proposed tracker gives encouraging results. Then, we propose to extend the DSTC-2 dataset with specific reasoning capabilities requirement like counting, list maintenance, yes-no question answering and indefinite knowledge management. Finally, we present encouraging results using our proposed MemN2N based tracking model.
A diagnostic ELISA for visceral leishmaniasis, based on antigen from media conditioned by<i>Leishmania donovani</i>promastigotes (1998)

Leishmania donovani promastigotes were cultured in a protein-free medium for 3–5 days and the spent medium used to prepare antibody-detection ELISA plates. When the plates were used to test 29 Kenyan and 16 Nepalese patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala-azar), all the sera collected at diagnosis were found to have high levels of parasite-specific IgG. The levels of these antibodies dropped 6–12 months post-initiation of antileishmanial therapy in all but one of the patients. Although the levels in sera from 59% of the treated patients fell to those measured in sera from healthy controls, those in sera from 17% of the patients did not drop below those seen at diagnosis. The antigen used did not cross-react with sera from patients with parasitological diagnosis of malaria, filariasis, African trypanosomiasis or echinococcosis. Antibodies to antigens in the spent medium were detected, by western blot, in all the sera from Nepalese patients with VL. Promastigote-conditioned media could be the source of cheap antigen for the immunodiagnosis of leishmaniasis.
Abstract 2492: Integrated genomics on molecular subgroups in medulloblastoma (2012)

Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Molecular studies from several groups around the world demonstrated that medulloblastoma is not one disease but comprises a collection of distinct molecular subgroups. However, all these studies reported on different numbers of subgroups. The current consensus is that there are only four major subgroups, which are now called WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. A better understanding of each of these molecular subtypes is urgently warranted to improve treatment strategies and the overall survival of patients and ultimately also the quality of life for those that survive medulloblastoma. We used the data of seven independent studies on medulloblastoma for further characterization of these molecular subtypes. All cases (n = 550) were analyzed by expression profiling and for most cases SNP or array-CGH data were available. Data are presented for all medulloblastomas together and for each subgroup separately. For validation purposes we compared the results of this meta-analysis with another large medulloblastoma cohort (n = 408) for which subgroup information was obtained by immunohistochemistry. Results from both cohorts are highly similar and show how distinct the molecular subtypes are with respect to their transcriptome, DNA copy number aberrations, demographics, and survival. Interestingly, the data also showed how different medulloblastomas are between infants, children and adults. In infants, for instance, almost all medulloblastomas are classified as SHH or Group 3, whereas in adults most medulloblastomas are of the SHH subtype and almost never of Group 3. Recent next generation sequencing data (whole genome and exome) generated in our laboratory for a large series of pediatric and adult medulloblastomas show that the spectrum of genetic mutations is also very different, not only between the molecular subtypes, but also between the different age categories. All these data clearly show that medulloblastoma is not one disease. Results from these molecular analyses will form the basis for prospective multi-center studies and will have an impact on how the different variants of medulloblastoma will be treated in the future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2492. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2492