gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of normal offspring from mouse oocytes injected with spermatozoa cryopreserved with or without cryoprotection (1998)

Epididymal mouse spermatozoa were suspended in various physiological solutions (CZB, PBS or isotonic saline) with or without 18% (w/v) raffinose before cooling to -20 degrees, -50 degrees or -196 degrees C and storage for 1-28 days. After thawing, a few spermatozoa frozen with raffinose were partially motile (about 2%) but in all other treatments they were immotile and diagnosed as 'dead' by staining that differentiates between live and dead spermatozoa. Almost all oocytes injected with sperm heads (nuclei) from spermatozoa frozen with and without raffinose were fertilized normally (95-100%) and developed to the two-cell stage (89-100%). No differences were found between the physiological media. The majority of oocytes fertilized with spermatozoa frozen in CZB medium developed to blastocysts (80-94%) but development was significantly reduced after fertilization with spermatozoa frozen in PBS and isotonic saline especially in the absence of raffinose (69 and 70% versus 51 and 50%). Normal fertile offspring were obtained in all treatments but there were significantly fewer offspring with spermatozoa stored at -196 degrees C in isotonic saline with or without raffinose and CZB with raffinose. Testicular spermatozoa were extremely sensitive to cryodamage: about 50% frozen to -196 degrees C in CZB with or without raffinose disintegrated after thawing. Almost 100% of oocytes injected with sperm heads from intact (at light microscope level) testicular spermatozoa developed to the two-cell stage but development to blastocysts was reduced significantly compared with that of controls especially those without raffinose. The data indicate that cryopreservation of sperm nuclei requires less stringent conditions than those for the retention of normal physiological function of intact spermatozoa. Motility and plasma membrane integrity are not essential for fertilization and the production of live offspring when nuclei of nonviable spermatozoa are injected into oocytes.
Power Exponential Densities for the Training and Classification of Acoustic Feature Vectors in Speech Recognition (2001)

We consider a parametric family of multivariate density functions formed by mixture models from univariate functions of the type exp(–|x|α) for modeling acoustic feature vectors used in automatic recognition of speech. The parameter α is used to measure the non-Gaussian nature of the data. Previous work has focused on estimating the mean and the variance of the data for a fixed α. Here we attempt to estimate the α from the data using a maximum likelihood criterion. Among other things, we show that there is a balance between α and the number of data points N that must be satisfied for efficient estimation. Numerical experiments are performed on multidimensional vectors obtained from speech data.
Biotechnical development of genetic addiction risk score (GARS) and selective evidence for inclusion of polymorphic allelic risk in substance use disorder (SUD) (2020)

Research into the neurogenetic basis of addiction identified and characterized by Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) includes all drug and non-drug addictive, obsessive and compulsive behaviors. We are proposing herein that a new model for the prevention and treatment of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) a subset of RDS behaviors, based on objective biologic evidence, should be given serious consideration in the face of a drug epidemic. The development of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) followed seminal research in 1990, whereby, Blum's group identified the first genetic association with severe alcoholism published in JAMA. While it is true that no one to date has provided adequate RDS free controls there have been many studies using case -controls whereby SUD has been eliminated. We argue that this deficiency needs to be addressed in the field and if adopted appropriately many spurious results would be eliminated reducing confusion regarding the role of genetics in addiction. However, an estimation, based on these previous literature results provided herein, while not representative of all association studies known to date, this sampling of case- control studies displays significant associations between alcohol and drug risk. In fact, we present a total of <b>110,241</b> cases and <b>122,525</b> controls derived from the current literature. We strongly suggest that while we may take argument concerning many of these so-called controls (e.g. blood donors) it is quite remarkable that there are a plethora of case -control studies indicating selective association of these risk alleles ( measured in GARS) for the most part indicating a hypodopaminergia. The paper presents the detailed methodology of the GARS. Data collection procedures, instrumentation, and the analytical approach used to obtain GARS and subsequent research objectives are described. Can we combat SUD through early genetic risk screening in the addiction field enabling early intervention by the induction of dopamine homeostasis? It is envisaged that GARS type of screening will provide a novel opportunity to help identify causal pathways and associated mechanisms of genetic factors, psychological characteristics, and addictions awaiting additional scientific evidence including a future meta- analysis of all available data -a work in progress.
Design of a meta-mesh of chain subnetworks: enhancing the attractiveness of mesh-restorable WDM networking on low connectivity graphs (2002)

We have developed a design refinement to increase the capacity efficiency of span-restorable mesh networks on sparse facility graphs. The new approach views the network as a "meta-mesh of chain subnetworks". This makes the prospect of WDM mesh networking more economically viable than with previous mesh-based designs where the average nodal degree is low. The meta-mesh graph is a homeomorphism of the complete network in which edges are either direct spans or chains of degree-2 nodes. The main advantage is that loop-back-type spare capacity is provided only for the working demands that originate or terminate in a chain and not for the entire flow that crosses a chain. The transiting ("express") flows are entirely mesh-protected within the meta-mesh graph which is of higher average degree and hence efficiency for mesh restoration than the network as a whole. Nodal equipment savings also arise from the grooming of express lightpaths onto the logical chain-bypass span. Only the meta-mesh nodes need optical cross-connect functionality. Other sites use OADMs and/or glassthroughs. The resultant designs comprise a special class of restorable network that is intermediate between pure span restoration and path restoration. Most of the efficiency of path restoration is achieved, but with a span restoration mechanism which is more localized and potentially faster and simpler than path restoration. The concept lends itself to implementation with OADMs having a passive waveband pass-through feature to support the logical chain bypass spans for express lightpaths.
High-frequency Organogenesis from Direct Seed Culture in Lathyrus (1993)

Culture conditions were developed for inducing a high frequency of direct shoot morphogenesis and whole plant regeneration in cultures of intact seedlings of Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC., L. sativus L., and L. tingitanus L. The procedure of shoot regeneration involved culturing of whole, mature seeds on MS medium containing cytokinins, or thidiazuron (TDZ), a substituted phenylurea with cytokinin-like activity. Differentiation of shoots occurred without an intervening callus phase from the cotyledonary node and surrounding tissues of the intact seedlings developed from seeds germinated on media containing kinetin, BAP or TDZ. An average of 19·0, 15·8, 28·8 and 43·0 shoots were regenerated at optimal concentrations of 50·0, 50·0 and 80·0 µM BAP in L. cicera, L. tingitanus, L. ochrus and L. sativus, respectively. TDZ enhanced the shoot formation at the concentration of 10 µM to an average of 33·1 and 33·7 shoots per seedling in L. cicera and L. tingitanus and at 50 µM, to 57·4 shoots per seedling in L. sativus. Regenerated shoots developed roots on a modified MS medium containing 2·5 µM NAA and the surviving plantlets were transferred to soil. Histological studies revealed de novo formation of shoot buds from the epidermal or subepidermal cells of the basal and nodal region of multiple epicotyls. Several meristematic centres consisting of actively-dividing cells developed in the subepidermal cell layer of the nodal tissue and adjacent areas within 7 d of seed culture on a cytokinin- or TDZ-supplemented medium. The pattern of the development of these meristematic centres and shoot development was similar in all four species.Copyright 1993, 1999 Academic Press
Insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in alpha 1,3‐galactosyltransferase knock‐out pigs compared to wild‐type pigs (2010)

GT-KO pigs demonstrated differences in glucose metabolism compared to WT pigs, the cause for which remains uncertain. It is unlikely that these differences would in any way affect the outcome of GT-KO porcine islet xenotransplantation.
Decompression of corrupt JPEG2000 codestreams (2003)

The error resilience properties of JPEG2000 are investigated. Through a careful analysis of the structure of the JPEG2000 codestreams, the dependencies among coding passes of a codeblock are identified. In the analysis, the effects of mode variations provided by the standard for low-memory, low-complexity implementations are considered. The proposed methods are derived using the existing dependency structure of coding passes and do not require a substantial increase in computational capabilities of the decoder. Experimental results indicate that these methods can improve error resilience performance substantially.
In vitro mutagenesis at a single residue introduces B and T cell epitopes into a class I HLA molecule. (1987)

We have studied the interaction of HLA class I antigens with alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and monoclonal antibodies using site-directed mutagenesis and expression of an HLA-Aw68.1 gene. Two mutants containing distinct substitutions at polymorphic residues near the NH2-terminal end of the alpha 2 domain were made. One mutant with substitutions at positions 95 and 97 corresponding to residues found in HLA-A2.1 showed no alterations in binding of HLA-Aw68- or HLA-A2-specific monoclonal antibodies, but was reactive with some HLA-A2-specific CTL clones. A second mutant, in which glycine at position 107 was replaced with tryptophan found at that position in HLA-A2.1, was recognized by HLA-A2-specific CTL clones and HLA-A2, Aw69-specific monoclonal antibodies. Thus, substitution of a single amino acid residue at position 107 of the HLA-Aw68.1 molecule generates an allospecific determinant shared with HLA-A2.1 and recognized by both B and T lymphocytes.
Pressure-Less Sintering on Large Dies Using Infrared Radiation and Optimized Silver Sinter Paste (2018)

Silver sinter material is highly considered as a promising lead free die attach material in recent years especially for high temperature power electronic packaging because of the high melting temperature of silver and its unique properties such as high thermal and electrical conductivity. Silver sintering process are generally classified as pressure and non-pressure sintering process based on the presence or absence of applied pressure during sintering process. Non-pressure sintering is the common process for power discrete application. However, conventional non-pressure sintering process carried out in a convection oven is not a favor sintering process mainly due to the long process time which requires up to several hours. In this paper, we demonstrated that sintering using infrared radiation is an alternative method for conventional non-pressure sintering process. This study revealed that sintering using infrared radiation is feasible and the total process time is only about 90 min. IR sintering with 90 min achieved the average die shear strength of about 30 MPa which is slightly higher than that obtained by 4 hours conventional non-pressure sintering. This observation indicates that the total process time of sintering can be reduced significantly using infrared radiation. The cross section images show that the sintered layer obtained by sintering with infrared radiation has a more uniform pores distribution compared to the sintered layer obtained by conventional non-pressure sintering. The average die shear strengths before and after 96 h pressure cooker test with condition of 100% RH at 110°C are relatively similar indicating that a high reliable sintered joint was obtained by sintering using infrared radiation. It is worth pointing out that no delamination in the sintered layer and void rate less than 1% were detected by scanning acoustic microscopy for the samples after 96 h pressure cooker test.
A shallow-etched multilayer grating-based wavelength demultiplexer in SOI (2005)

A very shallow multilayer etched-grating is proposed as a wavelength demultiplexer. Two different configurations are compared for diffraction efficiency and resolution. Single-step-etch fabrication designs are presented and modeled for their grating efficiency and overall performance
Atomic Layer Epitaxy AlN for Enhanced AlGaN/GaN HEMT Passivation (2013)

Enhancements in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) performance have been realized through ultrathin (4 nm) AlN passivation layers, formed by atomic layer epitaxy (ALE). A combination of ex situ and in situ surface cleans prepare the surface for deposition of ALE AlN. HEMTs passivated by high crystallinity AlN, grown at 500 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> , show improvements in 2-D electron gas sheet carrier density, gate leakage current, off-state drain leakage current, subthreshold slope, and breakdown voltage. In addition, degradation of dynamic on resistance during pulsed off-state voltage switching stress is suppressed by <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}{50\%}$</tex></formula> compared with HEMTs passivated by conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm SiN}_{x}$</tex></formula> .
Cellular Reflectarray Antenna (2010)

The cellular reflectarray antenna is intended to replace conventional parabolic reflectors that must be physically aligned with a particular satellite in geostationary orbit. These arrays are designed for specified geographical locations, defined by latitude and longitude, each called a "cell." A particular cell occupies nominally 1,500 square miles (3,885 sq. km), but this varies according to latitude and longitude. The cellular reflectarray antenna designed for a particular cell is simply positioned to align with magnetic North, and the antenna surface is level (parallel to the ground). A given cellular reflectarray antenna will not operate in any other cell.
Fiber-diffraction interferometer for vibration desensitization (2005)

We describe a new interferometer designed to obtain high immunity to vibration by generating the reference wave by means of fiber diffraction so as to share a common path with the measurement wave. A spatial phase shifter is added to secure vibration desensitization by capturing four phase-shifted interferograms simultaneously without time delay. Experimental results prove that the proposed interferometer is capable of providing stable measurements with a level of fringe stabilization of less than 1 nm in a typical workshop environment equipped with no excessive ground isolation for antivibration.
A 9-bit 150-MS/s 1.53-mW subranged SAR ADC in 90-nm CMOS (2010)

This paper reports a subranged SAR ADC consisting of a 3.5-bit flash coarse ADC, a 6-bit SAR fine ADC, and a differential segmented capacitive DAC. The flash ADC controls thermometer MSBs of the DAC and SAR ADC controls the binary LSBs. The segmented DAC improves DNL during MSB transitions. The merged switching of MSB capacitors enhances operation speed. The 9-bit 150-MS/s ADC consumes 1.53 mW from a 1.2-V supply. The ENOB is 8.69 bit and ERBW is 100 MHz. The FOMs at 1.2 V, 150 MS/s and 1 V, 100 MS/s are 24.7 and 17.7 fJ/conversion-step, respectively. At 1.3-V supply voltage, the sampling rate achieves 200 MS/s.
Surface-enhanced Raman detection of chemical vapors with the use of personal dosimeters (1999)

This article provides an overview of the development and application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the detection of vapors of organic chemicals with the use of personal dosimetry. The approach used with this personal dosimeter requires no sample desorption or wet-chemical extraction procedure. The dosimeter employs the SERS technique for direct measurement of the amount of analyte collected on the sample substrate. SERS substrates based on nanoparticles developed in our laboratory have been incorporated in this dosimeter design. Polymers applied to these solid-based SERS substrates can further enhance dosimeter shelf life, ruggedness, and chemical selectivity. Use of this SERS dosimeter for the determination of time-weighted average exposures to chemical vapors has been demonstrated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 3: 346–356, 1999
Magnetic Resonance Studies of Metal Deposition on Hydrotreating Catalysts and Removal with Heteropolyacids (1984)

Nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance techniques have been used to trace the deposition of vanadium on Co-Mo/alumina catalysts employed to hydrotreat heavy, highly metalized petroleum feedstocks. The vanadium is deposited on the catalyst in a sequence of chemical forms which vary with the level of metals loading: initially a paramagnetic VO2+ form dominates, followed by a diamagnetic vanadium form believed to be associated with the alumina surface. At levels in excess of several percent, the dominant form is a vanadium sulfide of approximate composition V2S3. Molybdophosphoric acid exposure facilely removes the sulfides, with the surface and paramagnetic forms being much more refractory. A scheme for enhancing metals removal by complete conversion to the sulfide is discussed.
Simple Assay for Proteases Based on Aggregation of Stimulus-Responsive Polypeptides (2014)

Unregulated changes in protease activity are linked to many diseases including cancer. Fast, accurate, and low-cost assays for detection of these changes are being explored for early diagnosis and monitoring of these diseases and can also be used as platforms for the discovery of new drugs. We report a new methodology for the simple detection and quantification of protease activity in buffer and human serum. The assay is based on recombinant diblock polypeptides that undergo temperature- or salt-triggered micellization in water. The coronae of the micelles are linked to the water-insoluble cores by a peptide substrate that is cleaved in the presence of the target protease. Protease cleavage of the diblock polypeptide triggers the aggregation of the core-forming segment, leading to a change in solution optical density, which can be used to detect the presence of, and to quantify the concentration of, protease. We used matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as a model protease and found peptide aggregation time to be proportional to enzyme concentration over a range from endogenous MMP-1 level in human serum (∼3 ng/mL) to 100 ng/mL (0.15-5 nM) in 40% human serum and 1-100 ng/mL in buffer. The assay does not require any intermediate steps or sophisticated data analysis, and the modular design of the assay system is amenable to straightforward adaptation for the detection of a wide range of proteases.
Toward a chip-scale multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor laser (2004)

We describe a chip-scale version of a multiwavelength modelocked semiconductor laser that produces discrete wavelength channels on a 25 GHz grid in the 1550 nm spectral region. The laser utilizes a two-section semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) device in a partially external cavity which enables tuning of the laser cavity length. Since the wavelength channels are simply the longitudinal modes of the laser cavity, the channel spacing can be easily adjusted to match arbitrary wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) protocols. The hybridly modelocked semiconductor laser produces 5 ps FWHM pulses at 25 GHz pulse-repetition rate. Conversely, we demultiplex individual axial modes and employ them as continuous wave (CW) WDM sources. The modes are characterized through relative intensity noise (RIN) measurement as well as eye-diagrams of pseudorandom data imposed by an external modulator. The modelocked laser functions dually as a compact source of high speed, ultrashort pulses and as an economical source of CW WDM channels.
Development of high efficiency segmented thermoelectric unicouples (2002)

Highly efficient, segmented thermoelectric unicouples incorporating advanced thermoelectric materials with superior thermoelectric figures of merit are currently being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). These segmented unicouples include a combination of state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials based on Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ and novel p-type Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/, p-type CeFe/sub 4/Sb/sub 12/-based alloys and n-type CoSb/sub 3/-based alloys developed at JPL. The maximum predicted thermal to electrical efficiency is about 15% for a hot-side temperature of 975K and a cold-side temperature of about 300K. Various segmentations have been explored and several unicouples have been fabricated and tested. The set-up for testing these unicouples is described in this paper and some of the tests results reported. I-V curves have been generated for selected unicouples. The results show that experimental thermal to electrical efficiency values close to theoretical predicted values have been measured.
Time-Delayed Converter-Reshuffling: An Efficient and Secure Power Delivery Architecture (2015)

In this letter, a time-delayed converter-reshuffling (CoRe) technique is proposed as a countermeasure against machine learning based differential power analysis (DPA) attacks where the attacker can synchronize the sampling frequency with the operating frequency of the device under attack. The proposed time-delayed CoRe technique exploits the distributed nature of multiphase switched capacitor voltage converters where half of the converter stages are delayed to eliminate the risk of having zero power trace entropy (PTE) under machine learning based DPA attacks. A high PTE value is maintained (above 3.2 for a 64-phase time-delayed CoRe technique) regardless of the phase difference between the attacker's sampling rate and the operating frequency. In addition, the minimum PTE value of the proposed time-delayed CoRe technique is enhanced from zero to ~ 3 by inserting a certain time-delay to half of the converter stages.