gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An FPGA-Based Fully Synchronized Design of a Bilateral Filter for Real-Time Image Denoising (2013)

In this paper, a detailed description of a synchronous field-programmable gate array implementation of a bilateral filter for image processing is given. The bilateral filter is chosen for one unique reason: It reduces noise while preserving details. The design is described on register-transfer level. The distinctive feature of our design concept consists of changing the clock domain in a manner that kernel-based processing is possible, which means the processing of the entire filter window at one pixel clock cycle. This feature of the kernel-based design is supported by the arrangement of the input data into groups so that the internal clock of the design is a multiple of the pixel clock given by a targeted system. Additionally, by the exploitation of the separability and the symmetry of one filter component, the complexity of the design is widely reduced. Combining these features, the bilateral filter is implemented as a highly parallelized pipeline structure with very economical and effective utilization of dedicated resources. Due to the modularity of the filter design, kernels of different sizes can be implemented with low effort using our design and given instructions for scaling. As the original form of the bilateral filter with no approximations or modifications is implemented, the resulting image quality depends on the chosen filter parameters only. Due to the quantization of the filter coefficients, only negligible quality loss is introduced.
Emergence of NDM – 1 in the Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in India (2013)

We are reporting the emergence of the P. aeruginosa carrying NDM-1gene, which exhibited resistance to imipenem and meropenem, for the first time from India.
The Role of Professionals in Technical Services (1989)

The issue of faculty status for technical service librarians should not be considered differently than for the profession as a whole. It is an appropriate status for academic librarians who are willing to meet the established standards. Meeting the qualifications for promotion and tenure provide benefits to t e organization in terms of improved morale and more innovation. Libraries can provide time and financial support and still maintain operations and services. The concept of the holistic librarian is not one that contributes to the efficiency or effectiveness of the library.
Stability of polymorphic forms of ranitidine hydrochloride. (2000)

Ranitidine-HCl can exist in two different polymorphic forms: form I (m.p. 134-140 degrees C) and form II (m.p. 140-144 degrees C). In the present study the stability of form I of ranitidine-HCl to a selection of powder pretreatments, to reflect conditions which might occur in manufacturing procedures, and also to a limited range of storage conditions was investigated. The original samples of form I and form II used were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A quantitative XRPD method for determining the fraction of form II in the presence of form I was used. XRPD data were analysed using regression techniques and artificial neural networks (ANN). The quantitative XRPD technique was then used to monitor the relative proportion of form II in each treated sample. Pretreatments of form I included (i) mixing with form II or with common excipients (ii) compression and grinding (iii) contact with solvents (followed by drying) before storage. Storage conditions involved three temperatures (20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 42 degrees C) and three relative humidities (45% RH; 55% RH; 75% RH). Samples were stored for a period of 6 months. A limited factorial design was used. No increase in the form II:form I ratio was observed in the following pretreatment processes: introduction of form II nuclei into form I; introduction of excipients to form I; compression of form I powder at 5 and 15 tons; normal mixing and grinding processes; addition of isopropanol (IPA) or water/IPA mix followed by drying. In the pretreatment process where water was added to form I powder (with most or all of the powder dissolving), drying of the liquefied mass led to a mix of form I and form II. On storage at room temperature (20-30 degrees C), low relative humidity (45-55% RH), and in an air-tight container there was no increase in the form II:form I ratio. Storage of form I/form II mixes, particularly at high humidity, resulted in a preferential loss of form II (compared to form I). Loss was greater at 30 degrees C/75% RH than at 20 degrees C/75% RH. Form II was also preferentially lost under low humidity conditions created by a saturated solution of potassium carbonate (45% RH) at the elevated temperature of 42 degrees C. This environment was shown to be acidic.
Systematic Testing of Post-Quantum Cryptographic Implementations Using Metamorphic Testing (2019)

Cryptographic algorithms are usually complex, and their code is highly compact. Moreover, there is often no test oracle to easily test some of these algorithms. Together these attributes make it extremely challenging to run tests and to discover bugs in them. Structural coverage based approaches such as statement or branch coverage are typically not very effective in discovering bugs in these types of programs. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a systematic testing approach for discovering bugs in highly complex cryptographic algorithm implementations. In this work, we identify metamorphic relations based on the specifications of the algorithms, and design test cases such that a systematic coverage of the input space is achieved. Our results show that this approach is highly effective in discovering faults in complex cryptographic implementations.
Membrane lipids, EGF receptors, and intracellular signals colocalize and are polarized in epithelial cells moving directionally in a physiological electric field (2002)

Directed cell migration is essential for tissue formation, inflammation, and wound healing. Chemotaxis plays a major role in these situations and is underpinned by asymmetric intracellular signaling. Endogenous electric fields (EFs) are common where cell movement occurs, such as in wound healing, and cells respond to electric field gradients by reorienting and migrating directionally (galvanotaxis/electrotaxis). We show that a physiological EF redistributed both EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptors and detergent-insoluble membrane lipids asymmetrically, leading to cathodal polarization and enhanced activation of the MAP kinase, ERK1/2. This induced leading-edge actin polymerization in directionally migrating mammalian epithelial cells. Inhibiting the EGF receptor-MAP kinase signaling pathway significantly decreased leading edge actin asymmetry and directional migration. We propose a model in which EF-polarized membrane lipid domains and EGF receptors cause asymmetric signaling through MAP kinase, which drives directional cell migration. A comparison is made with the mechanisms underpinning chemotaxis.
Angiogenesis in the ischemic core: A potential treatment target? (2019)

The ischemic penumbra is both a concept in understanding the evolution of cerebral tissue injury outcome of focal ischemia and a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. In this review, we examine the evidence that angiogenesis can contribute to beneficial outcomes following focal ischemia in model systems. Several studies have shown that, following cerebral ischemia, endothelial proliferation and subsequent angiogenesis can be detected beginning four days after cerebral ischemia in the border of the ischemic core, or in the ischemic periphery, in rodent and non-human primate models, although initial signals appear within hours of ischemia onset. Components of the neurovascular unit, its participation in new vessel formation, and the nature of the core and penumbra responses to experimental focal cerebral ischemia, are considered here. The potential co-localization of vascular remodeling and axonal outgrowth following focal cerebral ischemia based on the definition of tissue remodeling and the processes that follow ischemic stroke are also considered. The region of angiogenesis in the ischemic core and its surrounding tissue (ischemic periphery) may be a novel target for treatment. We summarize issues that are relevant to model studies of focal cerebral ischemia looking ahead to potential treatments.
Experimental demonstration of a latch in clocked quantum-dot cellular automata (2001)

We present an experimental demonstration of a latch in a clocked quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) device. The device consists of three floating micron-size metal dots, connected in series by multiple tunnel junctions and controlled by capacitively coupled gates. The middle dot acts as an adjustable barrier to control single-electron tunneling between end dots. The position of a switching electron in the half cell is detected by a single-electron electrometer. We demonstrate “latching” of a single electron in the end dots controlled by the gate connected to the middle dot. This ability to lock an electron in a controllable way enables pipelining, power gain and reduced power dissipation in QCA arrays.
Feasibility of tracking patient respiration during cardiac SPECT imaging using stereo optical cameras (2004)

Patient motion, which causes artifacts in reconstructed images, can be a serious problem in SPECT imaging. If patient motion can be detected and quantified, the reconstruction algorithm can compensate for the motion. Our approach is based on optical tracking of the patient using a pair of Web cameras to acquire stereo images. The cameras, mounted outside a SPECT system, acquire optical images simultaneously with the emission projections. The patient wears a stretchable, close-fitting garment that includes easily detected features. The Web cameras view the features, from which a surface map is computed using stereo techniques. When the patient moves, the surface map is recomputed, the patient surface is tracked, and a description of the motion is computed. Later processing stages can use the motion information to correct the tomographic reconstruction, for example, by rebinning acquired projection data. In this investigation, we examined whether patient respiratory motion can be detected using this approach. We have found that features can be reliably tracked over time. Feature motion as computed from stereo measurements was compared with patient respiration measured independently using a pneumatic bellows. The two sources of motion information were found to be highly correlated, demonstrating that stereo optical imaging can detect patient motion. Lastly, we have been able to compute translational and rotational motion parameters to describe respiratory motion.
The “Gauge” System for the Medical Use (2002)

To the Editor: The size of needles and catheters is categorized by the “gauge” system. Medical references about the definition of “gauge” are not available. In the early 19th century, Peter Stubs invented the so-called “gauge” system but a definition was not included, and only an arbitrary conversion table for the iron wire existed (1). Recently, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published some guidelines for the dimensions of needles and catheters (Tables 1 and 2) (2–4). For the needles, ISO standards for inner and outer diameters (ID and OD) are available, but for the catheters, only OD standards are available. In addition, the needles and catheters of the same gauge appear to have different IDs and ODs. Thus, whenever we want to know the exact ID or OD of needles or catheters, e.g., combined spinal-epidural techniques, spinal needle insertion through an introducer, comparison with French system or guidewire insertion during the retrograde intubation etc., we have to refer to the manufacturer’s catalog or contact the customer representatives. We suggest that ISO should set some guidelines for IDs of catheters because it is ID that mainly determines the amount of flow through the catheter, and that all the standards should be revised to offer less variability in the ID and OD of needles and catheters.Table 1: Dimensions of Medical NeedlesTable 2: Gauge and Corresponding Sizes of Intravascular CathetersWonsik Ahn, MD Jae-Hyon Bahk, MD Young-Jin Lim, MD
Transesterification Reaction of Dimethyl Terephthalate by 2‐Ethylhexanol in the Presence of Heterogeneous Catalysts under Solvent‐free Condition (2007)

Abstract In this study, the synthesis of bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl) terephthalate, via the transesterification reaction of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) by 2‐ethylhexanol in the presence of different heterogeneous catalysts, such as Pb(OAc) 2 ·3H 2 O, Cd(OAc) 2 ·2H 2 O, Zn(OAc) 2 ·2H 2 O, Hg(OAc) 2 , Ca(OAc) 2 ·H 2 O, Cu(OAc) 2 ·H 2 O, NaOAc, CaCO 3 , CaO, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, and sulfated zirconia, has been investigated. The reactivity of the catalysts in the reaction progress has been studied and compared. It was found that, hydrated cadmium acetate and sulfated zirconia were reactive catalysts to this reaction. The extent of transesterification of methyl ester groups reached up to 93% and 85.6% using these catalysts, respectively.
SGX-Step (2017)

Protected module architectures such as Intel SGX hold the promise of protecting sensitive computations from a potentially compromised operating system. Recent research convincingly demonstrated, however, that SGX's strengthened adversary model also gives rise to to a new class of powerful, low-noise side-channel attacks leveraging first-rate control over hardware. These attacks commonly rely on frequent enclave preemptions to obtain fine-grained side-channel observations. A maximal temporal resolution is achieved when the victim state is measured after every instruction. Current state-of-the-art enclave execution control schemes, however, do not generally achieve such instruction-level granularity.
Cortistatins A, B, C, and D, Anti-angiogenic Steroidal Alkaloids, from the Marine Sponge <i>Corticium simplex</i> (2006)

Four novel steroidal alkaloids named cortistatins A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4) consisting of a 9(10-19)-abeo-androstane and isoquinoline skeleton have been isolated from the marine sponge Corticium simplex. The absolute stereostructures of 1-4 were elucidated by detailed 2D NMR, CD, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Cortistatins A-D inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with high selectivity. Among the four substances, cortistatin A (1) showed the strongest anti-proliferative activity (IC50 = 0.0018 muM) against HUVECs, in which the selective index was more than 3000-fold in comparison with that of normal fibroblast or several tumor cell lines.
Statistical inversion of controlled-source seismic data using parabolic wave scattering theory (2002)

Statistical parameters describing heterogeneity in the Proterozoic basement of the Baltic Shield were estimated from controlled-source seismic data, using a statistical inversion based on the theory of wave propagation through random media (WPRM), derived from the parabolic wave approximation. Synthetic plane-wave seismograms generated from models of random media show consistency with WPRM theory for forward propagation in the weak-scattering regime, whilst for two-way propagation a discrepancy exists that is due to contamination of the primary wave by backscattered energy. Inverse modelling of the real seismic data suggests that the upper crust to depths of ∼ 15 km can be characterized, subject to the range of spatial resolution of the method, by a medium with an exponential spatial autocorrelation function, an rms velocity fluctuation of 1.5 ± 0.5 per cent and a correlation length of 150 ± 50 m. Further inversions show that scattering is predominantly occurring in the uppermost ∼ 2 km of crust, where rms velocity fluctuation is 3 − 6 per cent. Although values of correlation distance are well constrained by these inversions, there is a trade-off between thickness of scattering layer and rms velocity perturbation estimates, with both being relatively poorly resolved. The higher near-surface heterogeneity is interpreted to arise from fractures in the basement rocks that close under lithostatic pressure for depths greater than 2 – 3 km.
In Vivo Delivery of a DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Protects Non-human Primates against Zika Virus (2019)

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is endemic to several world regions, and many others are at high risk for seasonal outbreaks. Synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (DMAb) is an approach that enables in vivo delivery of highly potent mAbs to control infections. We engineered DMAb-ZK190, encoding the mAb ZK190 neutralizing antibody, which targets the ZIKV E protein DIII domain. In vivo-delivered DMAb-ZK190 achieved expression levels persisting >10 weeks in mice and >3 weeks in non-human primate (NHPs), which is protective against ZIKV infectious challenge. This study is the first demonstration of infectious disease control in NHPs following in vivo delivery of a nucleic acid-encoded antibody, supporting the importance of this new platform.
Unary adaptive subtraction of joint multiple models with complex wavelet frames (2012)

Multiple attenuation is one of the greatest challenges in seismic processing. Due to the high cross-correlation between primaries and multiples, attenuating the latter without distorting the former is a complicated problem. We propose here a joint multiple model-based adaptive subtraction, using single-sample unary filters' estimation in a complex wavelet transformed domain. The method offers more robustness to incoherent noise through redundant decomposition. It is first tested on synthetic data, then applied on real-field data, with a single-model adaptation and a combination of several multiple models.
Heterogeneous Time Dependent Static Light Scattering (1999)

Measurements of light scattering from flowing heterogeneous solutions containing coexisting populations of colloids and polymers are presented. By appropriate recognition of scattering peaks produced by individual colloid particles and recovery of the baseline scattering due to the polymer population, the colloid particle number density can be monitored in real time while the polymer population is characterized absolutely according to weight-average molecular weight Mw, and z-average mean square radius of gyration 〈S2〉z. Either or both populations may also be evolving in time, so that the technique is termed “heterogeneous time dependent static light scattering” (HTDSLS). The essential notions of the technique are presented, and then the feasibility of the simultaneous measurements is first demonstrated by an equilibrium characterization of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) “contaminated” by known concentrations of 2 μm latex spheres. The time dependent capabilities are then demonstrated by monitoring the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria in a solution containing PVP. It is expected that HTDSLS will find many applications, such as in biotechnology reactors, biomedical assays, and polymer reactors where gels or crystallites are produced in addition to polymer chains.
Adaptive friction compensation with partially known dynamic friction model (1997)

This paper illustrates the application of a model-based adaptive friction compensation on a DC motor servomechanism. The dynamic friction model and the control structure studied previously by the authors were used as a basis for this study. The paper first proposes a two-step off-line method to estimate the nominal static and dynamic parameters associated with the model. Then two adaptive globally stable mechanisms are introduced to deal with structured normal forces and temperature variations. Assuming that a nominal friction model is known and that the friction variations can be suitably structured, adaptation is performed on the basis of only one parameter. The paper presents experimental results validating the identification of the dynamic friction model and the adaptive control scheme. These results show that the adaptive loop improves over a fixed compensation scheme and over a PID controller without friction compensation. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incremental Clustering of News Reports (2012)

When an event occurs in the real world, numerous news reports describing this event start to appear on different news sites within a few minutes of the event occurrence. This may result in a huge amount of information for users, and automated processes may be required to help manage this information. In this paper, we describe a clustering system that can cluster news reports from disparate sources into event-centric clusters—i.e., clusters of news reports describing the same event. A user can identify any RSS feed as a source of news he/she would like to receive and our clustering system can cluster reports received from the separate RSS feeds as they arrive without knowing the number of clusters in advance. Our clustering system was designed to function well in an online incremental environment. In evaluating our system, we found that our system is very good in performing fine-grained clustering, but performs rather poorly when performing coarser-grained clustering.
Solid Freeform Fabrication of Stainless Steel Using Fab@Home (2008)

Metal or ceramic parts can be solid freeform fabricated (SFF) using powdered material processing techniques. A slurry of the powdered material is deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion, and then sintered. We demonstrate this process using a 17-4 PH stainless steel slurry deposited via robotically controlled syringe in the low-cost Fab@Home rapid prototyper. Completed parts had densities as high as 90% volume fraction and tensile strength as high as 35% of the pure solid. Details of the process as well as a number of samples of different geometries are shown.
System level fixed-point design based on an interpolative approach (1997)

The design process for fixed-point implementations eitherin software or in hardware requires a bit-true specificationof the algorithm in order to analyze quantization effectson an algorithmical level, abstracting from implementationaldetails.On the other hand, system design starts froma floating-point description into a fixed-point description becomesnecessary.Within this paper we present a tool thatallows an automated, interactive transformation from floating-pointANSI-C into a bit-true specification based ona new data type fixed that is introduced as an extensionto ANSI-C.The concept is rooted in a sophisticated datadependency analysis that allows to handle control structuresas well as pointers.It is part of the fixed-point designenvironment FRIDGE which includes an advanced simulatorthat covers the extended ANSI-C syntax as well astarget specific compilers which allow to generate efficientfixed-point implementations either for HW or for SW, startingfrom the bit-true algorithm specification.
Prediction of Molecular Electronic Transitions Using Random Forests (2020)

Fluorescent molecules, fluorophores or dyes, play essential roles in bioimaging. Effective bioimaging requires fluorophores with diverse colors and high quantum yields for better resolution. An essential computational component to design novel dye molecules is an accurate model that predicts the electronic properties of molecules. Here, we present statistical machines that predict the excitation energies and associated oscillator strengths of a given molecule using the random forest algorithm. The excitation energies and oscillator strengths of a molecule are closely related to the emission spectrum and the quantum yields of fluorophores, respectively. In this study, we identified specific molecular substructures that induce high oscillator strengths of molecules. The results of our study are expected to serve as new design principles for designing novel fluorophores.