gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable split-ring resonator for metamaterials using photocapacitance of semi-insulating GaAs (2008)

We report a method for tuning a split-ring resonator (SRR) using infrared light. The SRR unit cells are commonly used in arrays to form a metamaterial that exhibits an effective negative permeability and are often used in negative-refractive-index materials. The region of negative permeability is generally limited to a narrow bandwidth at a fixed frequency. In this work, we use photocapacitance as observed in undoped semi-insulating GaAs to modify the gap capacitance of a SRR. We demonstrate a continuously tunable frequency over the range of 0.1–1.5 GHz using a 975 nm laser diode with a power range of 0–189 mW.
Operational implementation of ammonium perchlorate biodegradation. Final report, July 1997--June 1998 (1998)

This technology is a low-cost biodegradation process that converts the perchlorate ion (ClO{sub 4}{sup {minus}}) in process wastewater to chloride (Cl{sup {minus}}). Perchlorate can be reduced from a concentration greater than 1.0% to a concentration below detection limits (< 0.5 ppm). Effluents from this process can be discharged directly to conventional sewage treatment facilities. This process will: (1) Reduce environmental liability to DoD and its contractors by reducing the generation of hazardous wastes; (2) Minimize adverse impact of environmental compliance to DoD support operations; (3) Reduce cost for solid rocket propellant and large rocket motor disposal; (4) Facilitate component, propellant, and propellant ingredient recovery and reuse; and (5) Enable the continued use of AP, a critical defense material, in propulsion systems for the DoD. The objective of this demonstration was to provide a production-scale, operational validation of the ammonium perchlorate (AP) biodegradation process that was developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory. Components of an existing pilot-scale demonstration unit were modified and integrated into existing waste treatment facilities at Thiokol`s production plant near Brigham City, Utah.
Optical frequency up-conversion by supercontinuum-free widely-tunable fiber-optic Cherenkov radiation (2009)

Spectrally-isolated narrowband Cherenkov radiation from commercial nonlinear photonic crystal fibers is demonstrated as an ultrafast optical source with a visible tuning range of 485-690 nm, which complementarily extends the near-infrared tuning range of 690-1020 nm from the corresponding femtosecond Ti:sapphire pump laser. Pump-tosignal conversion efficiency routinely surpasses 10%, enabling multimilliwatt visible output across the entire tuning range. Appropriate selection of fiber parameters and pumping conditions efficiently suppresses the supercontinuum generation typically associated with Cherenkov radiation.
One-dimensional least-squares model-based halftoning (1992)

A least-squares model-based approach to digital halftoning is proposed. It exploits both a printer model and a model for visual perception. It obtains an optimal halftoned reproduction by minimizing the squared error between the response of the cascade of the printer and visual models to the binary image and the response of the visual model to the original gray-scale image. Least-squares model-based halftoning uses explicit eye models and relies on printer models that predict distortions and exploit them to increase, rather than decrease, both spatial and gray-scale resolution. The authors examine the one-dimensional case, in which each row or column of the image is halftoned independently. One-dimensional least-squares halftoning is implemented, in closed form, with the Viterbi algorithm. Experiments show that it produces better spatial and gray-scale resolution than conventional one-dimensional techniques and eliminates the problems associated with the modified (to account for printer distortions) error diffusion algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual active bridge-based full-integrated active filter auxiliary power module for electrified vehicle applications with single-phase onboard chargers (2016)

In single-phase AC onboard chargers for electrified vehicles, second-order harmonic current and corresponding ripple voltage exist on the DC bus. The low-frequency harmonic current is normally filtered using a bulk capacitor or an additional active filter (AF) circuit. This presents an obstacle for improving the power density as well as reducing the cost. In this paper, a dual active bridge (DAB)-based full-integrated active filter auxiliary power module (AFAPM) is presented so that when the high-voltage (HV) battery is charging, the DAB converter acts as an active filter; and when the low-voltage (LV) battery needs to be charged, the DAB converter works as a LV battery charger. Therefore, the required DC-link capacitance in the HV battery can be reduced significantly and, hence, the cost and volume of the dual-voltage system in the electrified vehicle applications can be reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.
Bending Fatigue and Spring Back Properties of Implant Rods Made of β-Type Titanium Alloy for Spinal Fixture (2010)

Implanting a spinal fixture using metallic rods is one of the effective treatments for spinal diseases. Because cyclic bending stress is loaded on the implant rods when patients move their upper bodies in daily life, bending fatigue properties are important for the implant rod. Further, the implant rods are bended plastically into a curved shape of spine by hand in a surgical operation. In that case, keeping shape is important, namely bending spring back properties are important factors. On the other hand, a biomedical β-type titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (mass %) alloy (TNTZ), has been developed by the authors. Currently, this alloy are investigated to be applied to the above mentioned implant rod practically. Therefore, four-point bending fatigue and three point-bending spring back properties of TNTZ subjected various heat treatments were examined in this study. TNTZ rods were subjected to solution treatment, and then some of them were subjected to aging treatment at 673 K or 723 K for 259.2 ks, followed by water quenching. Then, four-point bending fatigue and three-point bending spring back tests were carried out on TNTZ rods subjected to the various heat treatments mentioned above. The bending fatigue strength at 2.5 million cycles in the high cycle fatigue region are not much different among any TNTZ rod. However, the bending fatigue strength of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Ti64) rod exceeds the fatigue strengths of every TNTZ rods in both low and high cycle fatigue regions. On the other hand, the lower spring back, which is a favorable property, was obtained for some TNTZ rod than Ti64 rod.
Spreadsheet table transformations from examples (2012)

Every day, millions of computer end-users need to perform tasks over large, tabular data, yet lack the programming knowledge to do such tasks automatically. In this work, we present an automatic technique that takes from a user an example of how the user needs to transform a table of data, and provides to the user a program that implements the transformation described by the example. In particular, we present a language of programs TableProg that can describe transformations that real users require.We then present an algorithm ProgFromEx that takes an example input and output table, and infers a program in TableProg that implements the transformation described by the example. When the program is applied to the example input, it reproduces the example output. When the program is applied to another, potentially larger, table with a 'similar' layout as the example input table, then the program produces a corresponding table with a layout that is similar to the example output table. A user can apply ProgFromEx interactively, providing multiple small examples to obtain a program that implements the transformation that the user desires. Moreover, ProgFromEx can help identify 'noisy' examples that contain errors.
A Simple Synthesis of Steroidal 3α,5-Cyclo-6-ones and their Efficient Transformation to Steroidal 2-En-6-ones (1987)

Sterols 1 were converted to 3α-5-cyclo-6-ones 4 via their mesylates and subsequent oxidation. Refluxing 4 with sodium bromide/p-toluene sulfonic acid in dimethylformamide gave steroidal 2-en-6-ones 5, among which 5d is an important brassinolide intermediate.
A NOVEL CHEMICAL LOOPING COMBUSTION PROCESS: PRESSURE DROP AND SOLID CIRCULATION RATE MODELLING (2010)

Experimental results from a cold flow unit of a novel chemical looping combustion configuration are presented in this paper. The system employs a non-mechanical l-valve to control solid flow rate and uses loop-seals to minimize gas leakage. A model was developed to predict solid flow rate and pressure variation in different elements of the system. The developed model was able to well predict solid flow rate within an error range of 10 % for a wide solid flux range of 70 – 150 kg/m.s. Sensibility of the solid flow rate was analyzed for different operating parameters by aid of the model. Particles diameter demonstrated to have highest impact on the solid flow rate. Particles density and solid inventory in the reactor were affecting the solid flow rate with less impact. Pressure variation loop over the first section of the system was finally presented for three different solid flow rate.
The Task Gallery (2000)

The Task Gallery is a window manager that uses interactive 3D graphics to provide direct support for task management and document comparison, lacking from many systems implementing the desktop metaphor. User tasks appear as artwork hung on the walls of a virtual art gallery, with the selected task on a stage. Multiple documents can be selected and displayed side-by-side using 3D space to provide uniform and intuitive scaling. The Task Gallery hosts any Windows application, using a novel redirection mechanism that routes input and output between the 3D environment and unmodified 2D Windows applications. User studies suggest that the Task Gallery helps with task management, is enjoyable to use, and that the 3D metaphor evokes spatial memory and cognition.
Glucan Particles as Carriers of Nanoparticles for Macrophage-Targeted Delivery (2012)

Glucan particles (GP) are 2-4 μm hollow and porous microspheres derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast) that provide an efficient system for encapsulation, protection, and oral or systemic macrophage-targeted delivery of macromolecules, such as DNA, siRNA and proteins using either a polyplex or layer-by-layer (LbL) synthesis methods. We have recently extended the application of GPs to the delivery of nanoparticles (NP) that are encapsulated within the hollow cavity of GPs or bound to the outer surface of chemically derivatized GPs (Soto, et al. J. Drug Delivery, 2012, Article ID 143524). GP mediated delivery of nanoparticles provides the advantages of (1) encapsulation of materials that are difficult to prepare in situ within the glucan particles, such as nanomaterials composed of water-insoluble components, (2) β1,3-D-glucan receptor-targeted delivery of nanoparticles to phagocytic innate immune cells, (3) small molecule loaded nanoparticles for small drug molecule delivery, and (4) targeted delivery of nanoparticles with an intrinsic property, such as magnetic or gold nanoparticles, thus increasing the versatility of the GPs for theranostic applications. Examples of nanoparticles that have been formulated with GPs include magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and adeno-associated virus (AAV).
Generation of high-power femtosecond optical pulses by chirped pulse amplification in erbium doped fibers (1993)

As femtosecond fiber oscillator development matures yielding reliable, daily-use sources of ultrashort pulses [1,2] , the focus of current research is increasingly directed towards their applications. To this end we have created a highly-efficient, high-power fiber oscillator/fiber amplifier based source of femtosecond pulses operating in the telecommunication band of 1.55μm, producing pulses with an energy content of 1.4 nJ. This demonstration shows the promise of fiber amplifiers for the generation of ultra-high power pulses.
CometChip: A High-throughput 96-Well Platform for Measuring DNA Damage in Microarrayed Human Cells (2014)

DNA damaging agents can promote aging, disease and cancer and they are ubiquitous in the environment and produced within human cells as normal cellular metabolites. Ironically, at high doses DNA damaging agents are also used to treat cancer. The ability to quantify DNA damage responses is thus critical in the public health, pharmaceutical and clinical domains. Here, we describe a novel platform that exploits microfabrication techniques to pattern cells in a fixed microarray. The 'CometChip' is based upon the well-established single cell gel electrophoresis assay (a.k.a. the comet assay), which estimates the level of DNA damage by evaluating the extent of DNA migration through a matrix in an electrical field. The type of damage measured by this assay includes abasic sites, crosslinks, and strand breaks. Instead of being randomly dispersed in agarose in the traditional assay, cells are captured into an agarose microwell array by gravity. The platform also expands from the size of a standard microscope slide to a 96-well format, enabling parallel processing. Here we describe the protocols of using the chip to evaluate DNA damage caused by known genotoxic agents and the cellular repair response followed after exposure. Through the integration of biological and engineering principles, this method potentiates robust and sensitive measurements of DNA damage in human cells and provides the necessary throughput for genotoxicity testing, drug development, epidemiological studies and clinical assays.
Rapid Prediction of Long-Term Rates of Contaminant Desorption from Soils and Sediments (2000)

A method using heated and superheated (subcritical) water is described for rapid prediction of long-term desorption rates from contaminated geosorbents. Rates of contaminant release are measured at temperatures between 75 and 150 degrees C using a dynamic water desorption technique. The subcritical desorption rate data are then modeled to calculate apparent activation energies, and these activation energies are used to predict desorption behaviors at any desired ambient temperature. Predictions of long-term release rates based on this methodology were found to correlate well with experimental 25 degrees C desorption data measured over periods of up to 640 days, even though the 25 degrees C desorption rates were observed to vary by up to 2 orders of magnitude for different geosorbent types and initial solid phase contaminant loading levels. Desorption profiles measured under elevated temperature and pressure conditions closely matched those at 25 degrees C and ambient pressure, but the time scales associated with the high-temperature measurements were up to 3 orders of magnitude lower. The subcritical water technique rapidly estimates rates of desorption-resistant contaminant release as well as those for more labile substances. The practical implications of the methodology are significant because desorption observed under field conditions and ambient temperatures typically proceeds over periods of months or years, while the high temperature experiments used for prediction of such field desorption phenomena can be completed within periods of only hours or days.
Design and harmonic balance analysis of a wideband planar antenna having reconfigurable omnidirectional and directional patterns (2013)

In this paper we discuss a novel reconfigurable antenna equipped using PIN diodes and analyze the harmonic distortions that may be generated. The design herein described is for a novel planar antenna that can generate omnidirectional and directional radiation patterns by switching between microstrip elements. Based on the equivalent circuit model of the antenna, we have performed a harmonic balance circuit simulation to consider channel distortion due to employment of these reconfigurable antennas as part of a 2×2 MIMO system over broad bandwidth communication channel.
Simultaneous multiple wavelength operation of a multistripe array grating integrated cavity laser (1993)

Simultaneous multiple-wavelength operation of a multistripe array grating integrated cavity laser is reported. We demonstrate simultaneous lasing from a single output port at 2, 3, and 4 discrete wavelengths, each independently selected from a comb of 9 wavelengths set at ∼2 nm intervals, from 1512 to 1528 nm. Signal cross talk is examined for the case of two-wavelength emission and found to be independent of the wavelength separation. The emission wavelengths were linearly spaced to within ±0.02 nm, while the comb’s central wavelength deviated by less than 2 nm from its design value. This is the highest wavelength linearity and accuracy so far recorded for a monolithic multiwavelength source.
Cross-Guided Clustering: Transfer of Relevant Supervision across Domains for Improved Clustering (2009)

Lack of supervision in clustering algorithms often leads to clusters that are not useful or interesting to human reviewers. We investigate if supervision can be automatically transferred to a clustering task in a target domain, by providing a relevant supervised partitioning of a dataset from a different source domain. The target clustering is made more meaningful for the human user by trading off intrinsic clustering goodness on the target dataset for alignment with relevant supervised partitions in the source dataset, wherever possible. We propose a cross-guided clustering algorithm that builds on traditional k-means by aligning the target clusters with source partitions. The alignment process makes use of a cross-domain similarity measure that discovers hidden relationships across domains with potentially different vocabularies. Using multiple real-world datasets, we show that our approach improves clustering accuracy significantly over traditional k-means.
Identification of a Suppressor Mutation That Improves the Yields of Hexon-Modified Adenovirus Vectors (2013)

We have generated hexon-modified adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors that are not neutralized by Ad5-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice. These vectors are attractive for the advancement of vaccine products because of their potential for inducing robust antigen-specific immune responses in people with prior exposure to Ad5. However, hexon-modified Ad5 vectors displayed an approximate 10-fold growth defect in complementing cells, making potential vaccine costs unacceptably high. Replacing hypervariable regions (HVRs) 1, 2, 4, and 5 with the equivalent HVRs from Ad43 was sufficient to avoid Ad5 preexisting immunity and retain full vaccine potential. However, the resulting vector displayed the same growth defect as the hexon-modified vector carrying all 9 HVRs from Ad43. The growth defect is likely due to a defect in capsid assembly, since DNA replication and late protein accumulation were normal in these vectors. We determined that the hexon-modified vectors have a 32°C cold-sensitive phenotype and selected revertants that restored vector productivity. Genome sequencing identified a single base change resulting in a threonine-to-methionine amino acid substitution at the position equivalent to residue 342 of the wild-type protein. This mutation has a suppressor phenotype (SP), since cloning it into our Ad5 vector containing all nine hypervariable regions from Ad43, Ad5.H(43m-43), increased yields over the version without the SP mutation. This growth improvement was also shown for an Ad5-based hexon-modified vector that carried the hexon hypervariable regions of Ad48, indicating that the SP mutation may have broad applicability for improving the productivity of different hexon-modified vectors.
Design of successively refinable trellis-coded quantizers (1999)

We propose successively refinable trellis-coded quantizers for progressive transmission. (Progressive transmission is an essential component of image and multimedia browsing systems.) A new trellis structure which is scalable is used in the design of our trellis-coded quantizers. A hierarchical set partitioning is developed to preserve successive refinability. Two algorithms for designing trellis-coded quantizers which provide embedded bit streams are provided. The computational complexity of the proposed schemes is compared with that of trellis-coded quantization. Simulation results show excellent performances for memoryless sources.
Original Article Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of recombinant α 1 -microglobulin and its potential use in radioprotection of kidneys (2015)

Peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a systemically administrated molecular targeted radia- tion therapy for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Fifteen years of clinical use show that renal toxicity, due to glomerular filtration of the peptides followed by local generation of highly reactive free radicals, is the main side- effect that limits the maximum activity that can be administrated for efficient therapy. α 1 -microglobulin (A1M) is an endogenous radical scavenger shown to prevent radiation-induced in vitro cell damage and protect non-irradiated surrounding cells. An important feature of A1M is that, following distribution to the blood, it is equilibrated to the extravascular compartments and filtrated in the kidneys. Aiming at developing renal protection against toxic side- effects of PRRT, we have characterized the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of intravenously (i.v.) injected 125 I- and non-labelled recombinant human A1M and the 111 In- and fluorescence-labelled somatostatin analogue octreotide. Both molecules were predominantly localized to the kidneys, displaying a prevailing distribution in the cortex. A maximum of 76% of the injected A1M and 46% of the injected octreotide were present per gram kidney tissue at 10 to 20 minutes, respectively, after i.v. injection. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy revealed a dominating co-existence of the two substances in proximal tubules, with a cellular co-localization in the epithelial cells. Importantly, analysis of kidney extracts displayed an intact, full-length A1M at least up to 60 minutes post-injection (p.i.). In summary, the results show a highly similar pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of A1M and octreotide, thus enabling the use of A1M to protect the kidneys tissue during PRRT.
Surfactant in the preterm infant: what's going on (2009)

Surfactant treatment has been demonstrated to decrease pneumothorax and mortality in preterm infants. Natural surfactants are better than synthetic surfactants. Early rescue treatment with surfactant is better than late treatment, whereas the role of surfactant prophylaxis is under re-evaluation due to the actual large diffusion of antenatal steroid and nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment which have changed the clinical characteristics of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. It is possible that in the next future anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of exogenous natural surfactants may be improved through their combination with adequate agents with the aim of counteracting the pathogenetic role of inflammatory and oxidative lung injury injuries in the development of brochopulmonary dysplasia.