gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance radiation-grafted membranes and electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (1996)

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) have attracted much attention for stationary and electric vehicle applications. Much progress has been made to improve their performance recently. However there are still several problems to overcome for commercialization. Among them, the cost of polymer electrolyte membranes seems to be rather critical, because a cost estimate of a practical fuel cell stack shows that the membrane cost must be reduced at least by two orders of magnitude based on current perfluorosulfonic acid membranes eg. Nafion{reg_sign}. Thus the development of new membrane materials is strongly desired. Styrene grafted tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) membranes have been studied for a fuel cell application by G. Scherer et al. These authors showed that membranes obtained by radiation grafting served as an alternative membrane for fuel cells although there were several problems to overcome in the future. These problems include shorter life time which was concluded to result from the decomposition of grafted polystyrene side chains. We report here the performance of our fuel cells which were fabricated from our radiation grafted membranes (IMRA MEMBRANE) and gas diffusion electrodes.
Genes and proteins of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and use of same for diagnosis and therapy (2005)

Novel polynucleotide and amino acids of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae are described. These sequences are useful for diagnosis of B. hyodysenteriae disease in animals and as a therapeutic treatment or prophylactic treatment of B. hyodysenteriae disease in animals. These sequences may also be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of diseases in animals caused by other Brachyspira species, including B. intermedia, B. alvinipulli, B. aalborgi, B. innocens, B. murdochii, and B. pilosicoli.
Fendiline Inhibits K-Ras Plasma Membrane Localization and Blocks K-Ras Signal Transmission (2012)

Ras proteins regulate signaling pathways important for cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Oncogenic mutant Ras proteins are commonly expressed in human tumors, with mutations of the K-Ras isoform being most prevalent. To be active, K-Ras must undergo posttranslational processing and associate with the plasma membrane. We therefore devised a high-content screening assay to search for inhibitors of K-Ras plasma membrane association. Using this assay, we identified fendiline, an L-type calcium channel blocker, as a specific inhibitor of K-Ras plasma membrane targeting with no detectable effect on the localization of H- and N-Ras. Other classes of L-type calcium channel blockers did not mislocalize K-Ras, suggesting a mechanism that is unrelated to calcium channel blockade. Fendiline did not inhibit K-Ras posttranslational processing but significantly reduced nanoclustering of K-Ras and redistributed K-Ras from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and cytosol. Fendiline significantly inhibited signaling downstream of constitutively active K-Ras and endogenous K-Ras signaling in cells transformed by oncogenic H-Ras. Consistent with these effects, fendiline blocked the proliferation of pancreatic, colon, lung, and endometrial cancer cell lines expressing oncogenic mutant K-Ras. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibitors of K-Ras plasma membrane localization may have utility as novel K-Ras-specific anticancer therapeutics.
THz quantum cascade sources based on intra-cavity frequency mixing in passive nonlinear sections (2011)

We report terahertz quantum cascade laser sources based on intra-cavity difference frequency generation in passive nonlinear sections. Current devices provide terahertz output up to a heat sink temperature of 210 K.
Deeply-Supervised CNN for Prostate Segmentation (2017)

Prostate segmentation from Magnetic Resonance (MR) images plays an important role in image guided interven- tion. However, the lack of clear boundary specifically at the apex and base, and huge variation of shape and texture between the images from different patients make the task very challenging. To overcome these problems, in this paper, we propose a deeply supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) utilizing the convolutional information to accurately segment the prostate from MR images. The proposed model can effectively detect the prostate region with additional deeply supervised layers compared with other approaches. Since some information will be abandoned after convolution, it is necessary to pass the features extracted from early stages to later stages. The experimental results show that significant segmentation accuracy improvement has been achieved by our proposed method compared to other reported approaches.
Multiple description transform coding: robustness to erasures using tight frame expansions (2002)

We propose the use of a tight frame expansion for generalized multiple description coding. This method is conceptually very similar to using a block channel code, except it is done on continuous-valued data prior to quantization. A sketch of the distortion analysis is given.
Simultaneous Stabilization of LiNi<sub>0.76</sub>Mn<sub>0.14</sub>Co<sub>0.10</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode and Lithium Metal Anode by Lithium Bis(oxalato)borate as Additive (2018)

The long-term cycling performance, rate capability, and voltage stability of lithium (Li) metal batteries with LiNi<sub>0.76</sub> Mn<sub>0.14</sub> Co<sub>0.10</sub> O<sub>2</sub> (NMC76) cathodes is greatly enhanced by lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) additive in the LiPF<sub>6</sub> -based electrolyte. With 2 % LiBOB in the electrolyte, a Li∥NMC76 cell is able to achieve a high capacity retention of 96.8 % after 200 cycles at C/3 rate (1 C=200 mA g<sup>-1</sup> ), which is the best result reported for a Ni-rich NMC cathode coupled with Li metal anode. The significantly enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the stabilization of both the NMC76 cathode/electrolyte and Li-metal-anode/electrolyte interfaces. The LiBOB-containing electrolyte not only facilitates the formation of a more compact solid-electrolyte interphase on the Li metal surface, it also forms a enhanced cathode electrolyte interface layer, which efficiently prevents the corrosion of the cathode interface and mitigates the formation of the disordered rock-salt phase after cycling. The fundamental findings of this work highlight the importance of recognizing the dual effects of electrolyte additives in simultaneously stabilizing both cathode and anode interfaces, so as to enhance the long-term cycle life of high-energy-density battery systems.
Effect of dietary benzylselenocyanate on azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis in Male F344 rats (1991)

The effect of dietary benzylselenocyanate (BSC) and its analogue, benzylthiocyanate (BTC), and sodium selenite during the initiation and postinitiation phases of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced intestinal carcinogenesis was studied in male F344 rats. Animals intended for initiation study were fed the high-fat (23.5% corn oil) diets containing 25, 50, and 100 ppm BSC (10, 20, and 40 ppm selenium, respectively) and 100 ppm BTC and 4 ppm selenium (as sodium selenite in drinking water); those intended for postinitiation study were fed the high-fat control diet. Two weeks later, all animals were injected subcutaneously with AOM (15 mg/kg body wt) once weekly for two weeks. Three days after the last AOM injection, animals in the initiation and postinitiation studies were transferred respectively to the high-fat diet and high-fat diets containing BSC and BTC and sodium selenite in drinking water. This regimen was continued until 36 weeks post-AOM injection. BSC inhibited the small intestinal and colon adenocarcinoma incidence and multiplicity of colon adenocarcinomas when fed during the postinitiation phase. Sodium selenite inhibited the incidence and multiplicity of colon adenocarcinomas only during the postinitiation phase. BTC had no inhibitory effect when fed during the initiation and postinitiation phases. The colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity was significantly inhibited by the administration of all three compounds, BSC (78%), BTC (62%), and sodium selenite (44%). It is concluded that the BSC has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal carcinogenesis in animals fed the high-fat diet.
Amplification and reshaping of optical solitons in a glass fiber—I (1982)

Optical solitons can be transmitted through a low-loss fiber to a distance exceeding 6 x 10(3) without a conventional repeater if they are amplified periodically at appropriate distances. An example of a numerical simulation for a 2-gigabit/sec system is presented with solitons having peak power of 11.2 mW, a width of 34.2 psec in a monomode fiber with a cross-sectional area of 20 microm(2), a loss rate of 0.2 dB/km at lambda = 1.5 microm, and amplifiers with 2-dB power gain spaced at every 10 km.
Axially polarized wiggler radiation from a toroidal electron beam source (1998)

Recent work has described wigglers in which the radiating electron beam circulates azimuthally within a toroidal tube where a surrounding permanent magnet structure keeps the beam on a mean circular path and simultaneously provides the field periodicity for wiggler action. Both the mean field and the periodic field are in the axial direction so that the resulting synchrotron and wiggler radiations are both polarized in the principal toroidal plane. The present work analyzes a structure in which the synchrotron and wiggler polarizations are mutually orthogonal so that one or the other can be easily eliminated to provide essentially monochromatic radiation. This is accomplished by an azimuthally periodic arrangement of magic ring sections that form a toroidal tube. These are oriented with their axial field components constant and equal and their radial components equal but alternating radially outward and inward in direction. The constant axial field holds the electron beam in a circular path while the alternating radial field provides the wiggler action. The wiggler radiation has n times the frequency of the synchrotron radiation where n is the number of azimuthal periods per circuit.
Development of a highly specific amine-terminated aptamer functionalized surface plasmon resonance biosensor for blood protein detection (2011)

This paper presents a generally applicable approach for the highly specific detection of blood proteins. Thrombin and thrombin-binding aptamers are chosen for demonstration purposes. The sensor was prepared by immobilizing amine-terminated aptamers onto a gold modified surface using a two-step self-assembled monolayer (SAM) immobilization technique and the physical detection is performed using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The developed sensor has an optimal detectable range of 5-1000 nM and the results show the sensor has good reversibility, sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the sensor shows the potential of being improved and standardized for direct detection of other blood proteins for clinical applications.
A tool for authoring unambiguous links from printed content to digital media (2011)

Embedded Media Markers (EMMs) are nearly transparent icons printed on paper documents that link to associated digital media. By using the document content for retrieval, EMMs are less visually intrusive than barcodes and other glyphs while still providing an indication for the presence of links. An initial implementation demonstrated good overall performance but exposed difficulties in guaranteeing the creation of unambiguous EMMs. We developed an EMM authoring tool that supports the interactive authoring of EMMs via visualizations that show the user which areas on a page may cause recognition errors and automatic feedback that moves the authored EMM away from those areas. The authoring tool and the techniques it relies on have been applied to corpora with different visual characteristics to explore the generality of our approach.
Nanometer-size fiber composite synthesis by laser-induced reactions (1989)

A new approach in ultrafine composite synthesis involves rapid condensation of metallic and nonmetallic species, produced by laser-induced evaporation. A heated tungsten filament is simultaneously employed for codeposition of W via a chemical transport mechanism. This process occurs in a reducing environment of hydrogen gas, where evaporated species were produced by a laser-induced plume. Composite layers were formed on a Ni alloy substrate surface, at a rate of about 1 μm/s. The matrix of the composite films was either Al or W, and the dispersed phase was amorphous silica fibers. The diameter of the fibers was between 25 and 120 nm, depending on the laser-beam materials-interaction time. Various analytical techniques have been employed to characterize the as-synthesized layers. Experimental evidence does not support the vapor-liquid-solid model for fiber growth. An alternative fiber growth mechanism is proposed: ultrafine silica particles (10–25 nm diam) form by rapid condensation from the laser plume, and by virtue of a strong dipole moment coagulate to form clearly defined linear arrays which eventually transform into fibers.
<p>Nanoformulated Bioactive Compounds Derived from Different Natural Products Combat Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation</p> (2020)

Nanoformulation of DIM and EA resulted in a more effective suppression of pancreatic cancer cell viability, pancreatic tumor weight, implanted cancer cell viability, and tumor angiogenesis as compared with these bioactive compounds alone.
Interferometric Focusing of Excitation Light onto a Guide-Star (2014)

Optical microscopy allows noninvasive imaging of biological tissues at a sub cellular level. However, the optimal performance of the microscope is hard to achieve because of aberrations induced from tissues. The shallow penetration depth and degraded resolution provide a limited degree of information for biologists. In order to compensate for aberrations, adaptive optics with direct wave front sensing, where guide-stars are used for wave front measurement, has been applied in microscopy. The scattering effect limits the intensity of a guide-star and hence reduces the signal to noise ratio of the wave front measurement. In this paper, we propose to use interferometric focusing of excitation light onto a guide-star embedded deeply in tissue to increase its fluorescence intensity, thus overcoming the signal loss caused by scattering. With interferometric focusing of light, we increase the signal to noise ratio of the laser guide-star through scattering tissue by more than two times as well as potentially extending the thickness of tissue that can be corrected using AO microscopy.
Will your surface microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring project be successful? (2017)

The benefits of microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing are well understood, and continue to grow as acquisition, processing, and interpretation methods improve. Most surveys are conducted using downhole receivers placed close to the reservoir zone. However, for some surveys, a surface monitoring operation can produce good results and provide certain advantages compared to a downhole survey including: • No need for an observation well. • No problems with high reservoir temperatures. • Typically more accurate spatial locations (x,y) of events. • No spatial bias (or distance-to-observation-well bias), which is especially important for large multi-well projects. • Better cost scalability to multi-well projects, and probably lower overall costs for multi-well projects. • More robust source mechanism determination, especially compared to single observation well downhole monitoring. The disadvantages of a surface survey compared to a downhole survey include: • Less precise depth locations of events. • Typically higher costs for a single well project. • Lower sensitivity, and higher risk of failure. The risk of failure, especially in a new area or a new formation, probably deters people from using surface monitoring. Microseismic geophysicists who work for operators describe their discomfort in being unable to answer the question when asked by their management, ‘Will a surface project be successful?’ We present a summary of our experiences with successful and failed projects, we establish a set of metrics for the purposes of comparison, and we provide guidelines for planning successful projects.
Magnetoadsorptive Particles Enabling the Centrifugation‐Free, Preparative‐Scale Separation, and Sorting of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

A novel magnetic composition of the high surface area particles with amide chemical functionality, Sephacryl S‐200, is reported enabling the preparative‐scale (1 L, ≈5–10 mg) separation of metallic and semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) from completely unpurified and uncentrifuged nanotube stocks. Sephacryl S‐200 has previously been utilized in separating semiconducting SWNT (s‐SWNT) on the laboratory scale. Significantly, use of these magnetic derivative particles in absorptive separation of SWNT allows the unprecedented and industrially scalable purification of both metallic SWNT (m‐SWNT) as well as s‐SWNT directly from uncentrifuged, ultrasonicated surfactant‐based SWNT solutions by simple and scalable magnetic separation. These particles also allowed for the systematic study on the effect of SWNT–polymer interaction time on the resulting SWNT “payloads.” Ultimately, high ‐purity m‐SWNT and s‐SWNT products are independently achieved by controlling the SWNT–polymer interaction time and relative concentrations, as well as SWNT sonication conditions. Furthermore, by controlling these factors, single‐chirality (6,5) s‐SWNT can be isolated with 92% purity directly from unpurified stocks. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates a total process SWNT yield of 1.2% and 1.7% for m‐SWNT and s‐SWNT, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential for a preparative method for separating carbon nanotubes based on electronic properties.
Identification of Key Residues Determining Isomerohydrolase Activity of Human RPE65 (2014)

RPE65 is the retinoid isomerohydrolase that converts all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, a key reaction in the retinoid visual cycle. We have previously reported that cone-dominant chicken RPE65 (cRPE65) shares 90% sequence identity with human RPE65 (hRPE65) but exhibits substantially higher isomerohydrolase activity than that of bovine RPE65 or hRPE65. In this study, we sought to identify key residues responsible for the higher enzymatic activity of cRPE65. Based on the amino acid sequence comparison of mammalian and other lower vertebrates' RPE65, including cone-dominant chicken, 8 residues of hRPE65 were separately replaced by their counterparts of cRPE65 using site-directed mutagenesis. The enzymatic activities of cRPE65, hRPE65, and its mutants were measured by in vitro isomerohydrolase activity assay, and the retinoid products were analyzed by HPLC. Among the mutants analyzed, two single point mutants, N170K and K297G, and a double mutant, N170K/K297G, of hRPE65 exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity than WT hRPE65. Further, when an amino-terminal fragment (Met(1)-Arg(33)) of the N170K/K297G double mutant of hRPE65 was replaced with the corresponding cRPE65 fragment, the isomerohydrolase activity was further increased to a level similar to that of cRPE65. This finding contributes to the understanding of the structural basis for isomerohydrolase activity. This highly efficient human isomerohydrolase mutant can be used to improve the efficacy of RPE65 gene therapy for retinal degeneration caused by RPE65 mutations.
Nonlinear Resonant Circuits for Coupling-Insensitive Wireless Power Transfer Circuits (2018)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is expected to significantly impact many applications ranging from charging of electric vehicles to mobile devices. A major limitation of current WPT technology is its power transfer efficiency (PTE) dependence on the relative position between the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). In this paper, a specific class of nonlinear resonant circuits is introduced for the design of coupling-insensitive WPT circuits. Such circuits maintain constant PTE while the coupling factor (k) varies at a fixed operating frequency. A self-adaptive nonlinear WPT circuit is designed using passive nonlinear devices without tuning the operating frequency or employing any active feedback and control circuitry. The presented WPT circuit prototype is capable of transferring 60 W at 2.25 MHz while maintaining a constant PTE of 85% from 5 cm to 25 cm. Compared to conventional WPT circuits, the transmission range is significantly extended by at least 200 % while PTE at the shortest transmission distance is improved by approximately 400%.
Prospects for Use of Solar Thermal Energy in High-Temperature Process Heat Applications (2016)

Concentrating solar power is a family of solar energy technologies that have been used for decades to produce power. These technologies have a unique advantage, which is the ability to store thermal energy for prolonged periods of time such that stable and dispatchable energy can be provided to the electricity grid. However, concentrating solar power has been recently losing market share to photovoltaic technology due to the former’s significantly higher initial cost. There are many efforts worldwide to develop innovative solutions that reduce the cost and/or increase efficiency of concentrating solar power systems. However, concentrating solar thermal energy already has great promising area of application that is still largely unexplored, and that is high-temperature industrial process heat. This study attempts to make the case for using concentrating solar thermal energy in process heat applications by examining the economic feasibility (represented by the levelized cost of energy) for three scenarios of deployment, where the temperature levels are 400°C, 550°C, and 700°C, respectively. The first scenario uses parabolic trough collectors, while the second uses a central receiver system, both with 12 hours of molten salt storage. The third scenario uses a central receiver system that employs the innovative falling particle receiver concept to push the operating limit to 700°C, and silica sand is used to store thermal energy for 12 hours. The location chosen for this analysis is Alice Springs, Australia, due to its high direct normal irradiance and the presence of mining industries in its vicinity. The analysis shows that all three scenarios have a lower levelized cost of energy when compared to natural gas. To further confirm these findings, the analysis needs to be extended to other locations to account for different solar resources and different economic constraints.