gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro groups in the presence of acetylenes. Synthesis of (3-aminophenyl)acetylene via hydrogenation of dimethylcarbinol substituted (3-nitrophenyl)acetylene over heterogeneous metallic ruthenium catalyst (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro groups in the presence of acetylenes. Synthesis of (3-aminophenyl)acetylene via hydrogenation of dimethylcarbinol substituted (3-nitrophenyl)acetylene over heterogeneous metallic ruthenium catalystAnatoli Onopchenko, Edward T. Sabourin, and Charles M. SelwitzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 8, 1233–1236Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01322a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01322a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single-shot isotropic quantitative phase microscopy based on color-multiplexed differential phase contrast (2019)

We present a single-shot isotropic quantitative phase imaging method based on color-multiplexed differential phase contrast. In our method, the illumination source is modulated by an LCD into an annular color-multiplexed pattern matching the numerical aperture of the objective precisely to maximize the frequency response for both low and high frequencies (from 0 to 2NAobjλ). In addition, we propose an alternating illumination scheme to provide a perfectly circularly symmetrical phase transfer function, achieving isotropic imaging resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. A color camera records the light transmitted through the specimen, and three monochromatic intensity images at each color channel are then separated and utilized to recover the phase of the specimen. We display the derivation, implementation, simulation and experimental results, which demonstrate that our method accomplishes high resolution, noise-robustness and reconstruction accuracy phase reconstruction at camera-limited frame rates.
Low-voltage electro-optic modulator structure using transparent conducting oxide with high conductivity-loss ratio as electrodes (2006)

We describe a novel design of electro-optical modulator using transparent conducting oxide (TCO) with high /spl sigma///spl alpha/ ratio as electrode. We show that by engineering TCO's /spl sigma///spl alpha/ ratio, both low voltage and high-speed can be achieved.
A Miniature, 3D-Printed, Walking Robot With Soft Joints (2017)

Miniature robots have many applications ranging from military surveillance to search and rescue in disaster areas. Nevertheless, the fabrication of such robots has traditionally been labor-intensive and time-consuming. This paper proposes to directly leverage multi-material 3D printing (MM3P) to fabricate centimeter-scale robots by utilizing soft materials to create soft joints in replacement of revolute joints. We demonstrate the capability of MM3P by creating a miniature, four-legged walking robot. Moreover, we establish a numerical method based on the Psuedorigid-Body (PRB) 1R model to predict the motion of the leg mechanism with multiple soft joints. Experimental results verify the proposed numerical method. Meanwhile, a functional walking robot actuated by a single DC motor is demonstrated with a locomotion speed of one body length/sec. The proposed design, fabrication, and analysis for the walking robot can be readily applied to other robots that have mechanisms with soft joints.
Broadband and wide-angle scattering in aperiodic spiral arrays for ultra-thin film solar cells enhancement (2012)

We report on the design, fabrication and measurement of ultra-thin film solar cells with nanostructured plasmonic arrays, demonstrating broadband enhanced photocurrent generation using aperiodic golden angle spiral geometry.
Recombinant TCR Ligand Induces Early TCR Signaling and a Unique Pattern of Downstream Activation (2003)

Recombinant TCR ligands (RTLs) consisting of covalently linked alpha(1) and beta(1) domains of MHC class II molecules tethered to specific antigenic peptides represent minimal TCR ligands. In a previous study we reported that the rat RTL201 construct, containing RT1.B MHC class II domains covalently coupled to the encephalitogenic guinea pig myelin basic protein (Gp-MBP(72-89)) peptide, could prevent and treat actively and passively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo by selectively inhibiting Gp-MBP(72-89) peptide-specific CD4(+) T cells. To evaluate the inhibitory signaling pathway, we tested the effects of immobilized RTL201 on T cell activation of the Gp-MBP(72-89)-specific A1 T cell hybridoma. Activation was exquisitely Ag-specific and could not be induced by RTL200 containing the rat MBP(72-89) peptide that differed by a threonine for serine substitution at position 80. Partial activation by RTL201 included a CD3zeta p23/p21 ratio shift, ZAP-70 phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, NFAT activation, and transient IL-2 production. In comparison, anti-CD3epsilon treatment produced stronger activation of these cellular events with additional activation of NF-kappaB and extracellular signal-regulated kinases as well as long term increased IL-2 production. These results demonstrate that RTLs can bind directly to the TCR and modify T cell behavior through a partial activation mechanism, triggering specific downstream signaling events that deplete intracellular calcium stores without fully activating T cells. The resulting Ag-specific activation of the transcription factor NFAT uncoupled from the activation of NF-kappaB or extracellular signal-regulated kinases constitutes a unique downstream activation pattern that accounts for the inhibitory effects of RTL on encephalitogenic CD4(+) T cells.
Solution processable small molecules for organic light-emitting diodes (2010)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on vacuum deposited small molecules have undergone significant progress since the first efficient double-layered OLEDs were reported in 1987 by Tang and Van Slyke. Recently, solution processed small molecular OLEDs are also drawing more and more research attention, as such a technology combines advantages of the facile synthesis of small molecules and the low-cost solution process like polymers. The performance of OLEDs made by solution process is gradually catching up with their vacuum deposited counterparts. This feature article will review the device structures adopted to achieve high performance solution processed OLEDs, the development of solution processable small molecules, and the comparisons of the different nature of the films and devices fabricated by solution-process or by vacuum deposition. Finally, the prospects and remaining problems will be discussed.
Evaluation of a thoracic bioimpedance cardiac output monitor during cardiac catheterization (2000)

The correlation between conventional thermodilution and thoracic bioimpedance cardiac output estimates was good and the standard deviation of the differences was lower than that reported for commercially available devices. The system can be used in the cardiac catheterization lab for reliable and continuous noninvasive measurement of cardiac output.
Schistosoma Mansoni Soluble Egg Antigens (1976)

Abstract A cell-mediated immunologic granulomatous response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs is now generally accepted as being responsible for the hepatosplenic disease of chronic schistosomiasis. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a soluble extract of S. mansoni eggs (SEA) both induces and elicits granulomatous hypersensitivity and other forms of cell-mediated immunologic reactivity. Mice with chronic light S. mansoni infections show spontaneous suppression of granulomatous hypersensitivity in the presence of high levels of anti-SEA antibodies. Immunodiffusion analysis using antiserum obtained from these mice and SEA resulted in the identification of three major serologic antigens which have been designated MSA1, MSA2, and MSA3. Initial studies with Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the three antigens were markedly different in m.w. and at least two of the three were glycoproteins. The antigens were then extracted from crude SEA by adsorption to a concanavalin A Sepharose affinity column. The eluted antigens were separated from each other by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) MSA1 and MSA2 were homogenous; MSA3 was estimated to be 70% pure. The purified antigens were radiolabeled and were passed through Sephadex G-200 or Bio-Gel A 1.5 columns to determine their m.w. These studies have shown that MSA1 and MSA2 are glycoproteins of m.w. 137,000 and 465,000 daltons, respectively; the m.w. of MSA3 is in the range of 50,000 to 70,000 daltons. PAGE of the purified antigens revealed the following R.F.s: MSA1 = 0.34, MSA2 = 0.20, and MSA3 = 0.48. MSA1 and MSA2 were employed in radioimmunoassays using the ammonium sulfate method of Farr. On the basis of immunodiffusion analysis and radioimmunoassay, MSA1 exhibits a degree of stage and species specificity consistent with the granulomatous response to S. mansoni eggs. The potential specificity of the MSA1 radioimmunoassay and its great sensitivity suggest a role in the immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis.
Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (2016)

The development of new antitumor agents is one of the most pressing research areas in medicinal chemistry and medicine. The importance of triazole and thiadiazole rings as scaffolds present in a wide range of therapeutic agents has been well reported and has driven the synthesis of a large number of novel antitumor agents. The presence of these heterocycles furnishes extensive synthetic possibilities due to the presence of several reaction sites. Prompted by these data we designed, synthesized and evaluated a series of novel 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents. We emphasized in the strategy of combining two chemically different but pharmacologically compatible molecules (the 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4 thiadiazole) in one frame. Several of the newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives showed substantial cytostatic and cytotoxic antineoplastic activity invitro, while they have produced relatively low acute toxicities invivo, giving potentially high therapeutic ratios. Insilico screening has revealed several protein targets including apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1) and tyrosine-protein kinase HCK which may be involved in the biological activities of active analogues. Keywords: Triazoles, Thiadiazoles, Heterocycles, Anticancer activity, Cytotoxicity
Drug Delivery: Receptor‐Specific Delivery of Protein Antigen to Dendritic Cells by a Nanoemulsion Formed Using Top‐Down Non‐Covalent Click Self‐Assembly (Small 22/2013) (2013)

A new approach to the bottomup self-assembly of drug delivery nanoemulsions is presented on page 3736 by A. P. J. Middelberg and co-workers. The method is based on the interfacial mixing of biosurfactant protein and closely-related biosurfactant peptide. Functional elements such as immune-evading PEG or a targeting antibody can be conjugated to DAMP4 using known approaches. Simple topdown sequential addition of conjugated DAMP4 to a nanoemulsion stabilized by peptide surfactant AM1 leads to selfassembly of the functional element at the emulsion interface. The resulting nanoemulsion can package protein antigen and deliver it in a targeted fashion to a receptor-selected subpopulation of cells.
A cancer-associated, fast, homoarginine-sensitive electrophoretic form of serum alkaline phosphatase. (1978)

Serum from patients with a variety of cancers often (p = 70%) contains a characteristic electrophoretic form of alkaline phosphatase detectable by cellulose polyacetate electrophoresis. The lower prevalence of this electrophoretic form in presumably healthy individuals (p = 7%) and noncancer hospitalized patients (p = 30%) suggests that it may be useful as a diagnostic or monitory marker.
Deflection routing in slotted self-routing networks with arbitrary topology (2003)

A deflection routing algorithm that can be applied to a novel self-routing address scheme for networks with arbitrary topology is proposed. The proposed deflection routing algorithm can be implemented all-optically using bitwise optical logic gates. Besides the primary output link selection, alternate output link choices by a packet at each node in case of deflection are also encoded in the address header. Priority classes can also be defined in the proposed address scheme. The performance of the deflection routing algorithm is studied using the AT&T North America OC-48 optical fiber network topology.
Stretched-Exponential Modeling of Anomalous T <sub> 1 <i>ρ</i> </sub> and T <sub>2</sub> Relaxation in the Intervertebral Disc <i>In Vivo</i> (2020)

ABSTRACT Purpose Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), resulting in the depletion of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) located in the nucleus pulposus (NP), can lead to debilitating neck and back pain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a promising means of IVD assessment due to the sensitivity of MRI tissue relaxation properties to matrix composition. Furthermore, anomalous (i.e. non-monoexponential) relaxation models have shown higher sensitivity to specific matrix components compared to conventional monoexponential models. Here, we extend the use of the stretched exponential model, an anomalous relaxation model, to IVD relaxometry data. Theory and Methods T 1 ρ and T 2 relaxation data were measured in the cervical IVDs of healthy volunteers and IVDs adjacent to cervical fusion, and analyzed using both conventional and stretched-exponential (SE) models. Model differences were evaluated via goodness of fit in the healthy data. Normalized histograms of the resultant quantitative MRI (qMRI) maps were described using stable distributions, and data were compared across adjacent disc segments. Results In the healthy IVDs, we found lower mean squared error in the SE relaxation model fitting behavior compared to monoexponential models, supporting anomalous relaxation behavior in healthy IVDs. SE model parameter α T1 ρ increased level-wise in the caudal direction, especially in the nucleus pulposus, while conventional T 1 ρ and T 2 monoexponential measures did not vary. For IVDs adjacent to cervical fusion, SE parameters deviated near the fusion site compared with those in the healthy population. Conclusion SE modeling of T 1 ρ relaxation provides greater sensitivity to level-wise variation in IVD matrix properties compared with conventional relaxation modeling, and could provide improved sensitivity to early stages of IVD degeneration. The improved model fit and correlation between the SE α T1 ρ parameter with IVD level suggests SE modeling may be a more sensitive method for detection of GAG content variation.
Feasibility of linear arrays for interstitial ultrasound thermal therapy (2000)

The feasibility of linear array transducers for interstitial ultrasound thermal therapy was evaluated. Theoretical acoustic power distributions were used to calculate spatial heating patterns using the bioheat transfer equation. The spatial heating patterns of linear array and single element planar rectangular transducers were compared. Scanned heating with both transducer geometries produced asymmetric heating volumes; however, a more uniform radial temperature profile with a sharper margin was achieved with linear arrays. Single element transducers produced excessive heating near the probe surface. Homogeneous blood flow is predicted to reduce the mean temperature within the heated region, with little effect on the spatial pattern.
Interactions Between Growth Hormone Secretion and Sleep (2000)

The fact that the secretion of growth hormone (GH) is markedly stimulated during sleep has been recognized for more than three decades. Early studies using the first available radioimmunoassays for GH demonstrated that the peripheral levels of this hormone increased rapidly following sleep onset (1–5). In normal adult subjects, the 24-h profile of plasma GH levels consists of stable low levels abruptly interrupted by bursts of secretion. The most reproducible pulse occurs shortly after sleep onset (3,4). This relationship between sleep onset and GH secretion appears to be most consistent in the human species, because it is more difficult to evidence in other mammals, although elevated blood GH levels have been observed during sleep in baboons, rhesus monkeys, dogs, lambs, and both immature and adult rats (6–12). Species differences could be related to the fact that human sleep is consolidated in a single 7 to 9-h period, whereas multiple sleep bouts are the rule in other mammals. Thus, the sleep-wake transition in the human is generally associated with more pronounced variations in endocrine, metabolic, and other parameters than in other species.
Reduction of the noise power in rare-earth-doped fiber lasers by broadening; the laser linewidth (2002)

The results show for a Nd-cladding pumped fibre (CPF) laser an increase in the spectral width of the CPF laser from 0.254-0.577 nm results in a decrease in the relative intensity noise (RIN) of 10 dB.
ESONIX -- ULTRASONIC IMPACT TREATMENT (2000)

In recent years, in the context of fatigue life improvement methods, Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT) has attracted much attention. Independent expert assessments of this method have provided indications of its effectiveness. This effectiveness is attributed to the fact that the results achieved are easily reproducible. This fact is largely attributed to the ease of use of the applying device and the correct treatment parameters selection for specific materials, welded joint types and service conditions. An important area of application of the UIT post weld treatment method is improvement in fatigue strength and life under cyclical loading. The features of UIT in the treatment of welds are as follows: high efficiency in forming of geometrical smooth transition between weld metal and base metal eliminating the stress concentration; introduction of compression stresses; and relaxation of residual tensile stresses introduced at the heat affected zone during welding. The elimination of defects caused during welding or machining creates design opportunities for increased fatigue life without additional material mass. UIT is the only effective technique for consistently producing these results. The purpose of this document is to introduce the concept and mechanism of the UIT technology and its applicability within the maintenance and fabrication of bridges.
Statistical multiplexing of variable-bit-rate videos streamed to mobile devices (2011)

We address the problem of broadcasting multiple video streams over a broadcast network to many mobile devices, so that: (i) streaming quality of mobile devices is maximized, (ii) energy consumption of mobile devices is minimized, and (iii) goodput in the network is maximized. We consider two types of broadcast networks: closed-loop networks, in which all video streams are jointly encoded to ensure their total bit rate does not exceed the broadcast network bandwidth, and open-loop networks, in which videos are encoded using standalone coders, and thus must be carefully broadcast to avoid playout glitches. We first show that the problem of optimally broadcasting multiple videos is NP-complete. We then propose an approximation algorithm to construct burst schedules for multiple VBR (Variable-Bit-Rate) streams. The proposed algorithm frees network operators from the manual and error-prone bandwidth reservation process which is currently used in practice. We prove that the proposed algorithm achieves optimal goodput and near-optimal energy saving. We show that it produces glitch-free schedules in closed-loop networks, and it minimizes number of glitches in open-loop networks. We implement the proposed algorithm in a trace-driven simulator, and conduct extensive simulations for both open- and closed-loop networks. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in many aspects, including number of late frames, number of concurrently broadcast video streams, and energy saving of mobile devices. To show the practicality and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we also implement it in a real mobile TV testbed as a proof of concept. The results from the testbed confirm that the proposed algorithm: (i) does not result in playout glitches, (ii) achieves high energy saving, and (iii) runs in real time.
Virtual sub-metering via combined classifiers (2011)

The aim of virtual sub-metering is to disaggregate and report the operation of individual electrical loads beyond the single measurement point. Traditional non-intrusive load monitoring methods (steady state load classification, transient pattern analysis) usually fail if many similar loads are connected beyond the measurement point. This situation can be often encountered in commercial and public buildings. This paper provides a way how to substantially improve the performance of virtual sub-metering in this target environment via using combined classifier approach. The proposed algorithm utilize only inputs which are typically already available within the standard Building Management System (BMS) and combine this diverse information in an appropriate manner to get the results as well as their confidence.
A computational model-based study on the exchangeability of hepatic venous pressure gradients measured in multiple hepatic veins (2020)

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is a hemodynamic index widely used for evaluating the severity of portal hypertension. Theoretically, HVPG can be measured in any of the three major (i.e., right, middle and left) hepatic veins (HVs); however, it remains unclear whether HVPGs measured in different HVs are exchangeable, and if not, what factors cause inter-HV HVPG differences? In consideration of the potential limitations of invasive in vivo measurements, we employed a computational model implemented in conjunction with stochastic parameter sampling to simulate and compare HVPG measurements in multiple HVs under various sinusoidal portal hypertensive conditions. Results demonstrated that HVPGs measured in the right and middle HVs were basically exchangeable, whereas those in the left HV were relatively lower due primarily to the smaller proportion of hepatic venous flow through the left HV compared with that through the right or middle HV. Moreover, it was found that hepatic vein-to-vein shunts (HVVS) led to a marked augmentation of inter-HV HVPG differences and significant underestimation of portal pressure gradient with HVPG. These findings suggest that understanding the distribution of hepatic venous flow and status of HVVS is essential for selecting a proper HV for implementing HVPG measurement in clinical practice.