gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solving the Prize-Collecting Steiner Tree Problem to Optimality. (2005)

Abstract. The Prize-Collecting Steiner Tree Problem (PCST) on a graph with edge costs and vertex profits asks for a subtree minimizing the sum of the total cost of all edges in the subtree plus the total profit of all vertices not contained in the subtree. PCST appears in the design of utility networks (eg. fiber optics or district heating) where profit generating customers and the network connecting them have to be chosen in the most profitable way. Our main contribution is an efficient implementation using a directed graph model and connectivity inequalities corresponding to cuts in the graph. This enables us to efficiently separate sets of violated inequalities using a maximum flow algorithm. Our implementation solves all benchmark instances from the literature to optimality, including eight for which the optimum was not known. We also present optimal results on very large real world instances that represent fiber optic networks in a German city. 1
PPARγ coactivator 1β/ERR ligand 1 is an ERR protein ligand, whose expression induces a high-energy expenditure and antagonizes obesity (2003)

A well balanced body energy budget controlled by limitation of calorie uptake and/or increment of energy expenditure, which is typically achieved by proper physical exercise, is most effective against obesity and diabetes mellitus. Recently, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, a member of the nuclear receptor, and its cofactors have been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism and in the control of energy expenditure. Here we show that PPARgamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1) beta functions as ERRL1 (for ERR ligand 1), which can bind and activate orphan ERRs (estrogen receptor-related receptors) in vitro. Consistently, PGC-1beta/ERRL1 transgenic mice exhibit increased expression of the medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase, a known ERR target and a pivotal enzyme of mitochondrial beta-oxidation in skeletal muscle. As a result, the PGC-1beta/ERRL1 mice show a state similar to an athlete; namely, the mice are hyperphagic and of elevated energy expenditure and are resistant to obesity induced by a high-fat diet or by a genetic abnormality. These results demonstrate that PGC-1beta/ERRL1 can function as a protein ligand of ERR, and that its level contributes to the control of energy balance in vivo, and provide a strategy for developing novel antiobesity drugs.
Vascular Calcification in Long-Term Haemodialysis Patients in a Single Unit: A Retrospective Analysis (1997)

Vascular calcification (VC), which is described in the elderly and in diabetics, is frequently seen in uraemia. It is usually regarded as having little significance. We studied the roentgenological appearance of VC in a homogeneous group of 38 long-hours haemodialysis patients whose longevity on dialysis allowed sustained (10-25 years) follow-up, including annual skeletal surveys and thrice-yearly clinical examinations and biochemical profiles. We compiled a dossier of clinical and laboratory parameters from the start of dialysis to the present day. We were able to analyze the natural history of VC and to determine which clinical parameters were linked with progression. We found that VC became steadily more prevalent-at dialysis onset present in 39% of the patients, but in 92% after an average dialysis duration of 16 years, with a mean onset 9.7 years after starting dialysis. As well as becoming more prevalent, the calcification became progressively more severe in most patients. There were two patterns of VC: axial (aorta and iliac and femoral arteries), seen alone in 32% of the patients, and peripheral (digital arteries), seen alone in 3% of patients. Most patients (65%) had evidence of both types. Calcification was scored for site and severity. Patient age (r = 0.57, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), hyperparathyroidism (reduced progression after parathyroidectomy), plasma phosphate (r = 0.34, p = 0.042), and vitamin D concentrations (r = 0.53, p < 0.001) were the principal determinants of severity and rate of progression of VC in this population. There was a weak negative association between progression and serum ferritin (r = -0.33, p = 0.046). The reduced vessel compliance that results from VC is likely to be cardiovascularly deleterious. In severe cases, tissue perfusion or vascular access for haemodialysis can be compromised. VC and accelerated cardiovascular mortality are common to uraemia, diabetes, and systolic hypertension in the elderly. Better understanding of these pathological processes may permit intervention and possibly lead to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality.
Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Study of Azanaphthalimide and Arylnaphthalimide Derivatives (2004)

A series of quinoline derivatives as aza analogues of the naphthalene chromophore and a series of "nonfused" tricyclic aromatic systems, in particular 5-arylquinolines and 5- or 6-aryl and heteroaryl naphthalene systems, were synthesized and evaluated for growth-inhibitory properties in several human cell lines. The analysis of quantitative structure-antitumor activity relationships for the growth-inhibitory properties is also reported. Findings suggest that these compounds may not express their cytotoxicity via interaction on DNA.
HtrA2 suppresses autoimmune arthritis and regulates activation of STAT3 (2016)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is related to the induction of T helper (Th)17 cells, which secrete interleukin-17, and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. The expression of high-temperature requirement protein A (HtrA) 2, a serine protease involved in apoptosis, was decreased in RA patients nonresponsive to drug treatment of RA. The aim of this study was to determine whether overexpression of HtrA2 has a therapeutic effect on RA. Th17 differentiation, osteoclastogenesis, and lymphocyte activation are increased in motor neuron degeneration (mnd)2 mice, which lack HtrA2 activity because of a missense mutation (Ser276Cys) in the protease domain of HtrA2. The inhibitor of HtrA2 also increased Th17 differentiation. On the other hand, HtrA2 induced cleavage of STAT3 and overexpression of HtrA2 attenuated CIA in a mouse model. HtrA2 overexpression inhibited plaque development as well as the differentiation of Th17 in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice after immunization with proteoglycans to induce a hyperlipidemia-based RA animal model. The therapeutic function of HtrA2 in inflammatory diseases is linked with Th17 development and the STAT3 pathway in splenocytes. These results suggest that HtrA2 participates in immunomodulatory activity where the upregulation of HtrA2 may shed light on therapeutic approaches to RA and hyperlipidemia.
Observation of enhanced photoluminescence in erbium-doped semiconductor microdisk resonator (1995)

We report experimental results from an erbium-doped gallium phosphide microdisk resonator pumped by a Ti-sapphire laser at 980 nm. Fabrication and characterization of the microdisk resonator are discussed. Enhanced Er+3 intra-4f-shell photoluminescence was observed in the microdisk resonator due to microcavity effect and compared to a thin film sample. At low pumping power intensity, the photoluminescence from erbium-doped gallium phosphide microdisks is an order stronger than that from a thin film sample.
Application of OPC to Realize the Communications between WinCC and Master-Slave PLC in the PROFIBUS Network (2015)

Network is the direction of development for industrial control, application of PROFIBUS-DP network consisting of S7-300 PLC S7-200 PLC produced by Siemens is becoming more and more widely. WinCC is powerful PC monitoring configuration software, often need to read and write datum of master-slave PLC in the network. This paper discusses the method of direct communication between WinCC and master-slave PLC in the PROFIBUS network under the premise of not affecting communication between PLC in the network.
An Approach for the Extraction of Information from Heterogeneous Sources of Textual Data (1997)

Extracting informations from multiple sources of textual data and integrating them in order to provide information is a challenging research topic in the database area. This paper presents a Description Logics approach to provide solutions both for data integration and data querying. The approach includes: a common description of sources, compliant with a subset of ODMG93; Description Logics techniques to optimize information extraction and to implement mediators (i.e. components which integrate and refine the data coming from the different sources).
Denervation suppresses gastric tumorigenesis (2014)

The nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial homeostasis and has also been postulated to play a role in tumorigenesis. We provide evidence that proper innervation is critical at all stages of gastric tumorigenesis. In three separate mouse models of gastric cancer, surgical or pharmacological denervation of the stomach (bilateral or unilateral truncal vagotomy, or local injection of botulinum toxin type A) markedly reduced tumor incidence and progression, but only in the denervated portion of the stomach. Vagotomy or botulinum toxin type A treatment also enhanced the therapeutic effects of systemic chemotherapy and prolonged survival. Denervation-induced suppression of tumorigenesis was associated with inhibition of Wnt signaling and suppression of stem cell expansion. In gastric organoid cultures, neurons stimulated growth in a Wnt-mediated fashion through cholinergic signaling. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockout of the muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptor suppressed gastric tumorigenesis. In gastric cancer patients, tumor stage correlated with neural density and activated Wnt signaling, whereas vagotomy reduced the risk of gastric cancer. Together, our findings suggest that vagal innervation contributes to gastric tumorigenesis via M3 receptor-mediated Wnt signaling in the stem cells, and that denervation might represent a feasible strategy for the control of gastric cancer.
Fabrication of a Molecular Self-Assembled Monolayer Diode Using Nanoimprint Lithography (2003)

We report a simple parallel process for the fabrication of nanoscale electrical contacts to probe the conductance characteristics of a molecular self-assembled monolayer (SAM) using nanoimprint lithography (NIL), a patterning technology capable of sub-10 nm resolution. We fabricated multiple samples, each with 40 gold contacts to a commonly investigated SAM, octadecanethiol (C-18). The contacts were fabricated by growing a SAM on gold nanowire and then patterning a second gold wire over the SAM. The electrical conductivity characteristics of the molecule can be reproduced between samples, suggesting a reliable fabrication process. Our procedure can be employed to study the conductance of any candidate thiol-terminated SAM of interest. Such flexibility permits extensive study of molecular devices and optimization of the processing required to merge silicon with molecular self-assembly.
Implementation and Uses of Automated de Novo Peptide Sequencing by Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2001)

There are several computer programs that can match peptide tandem mass spectrometry data to their exactly corresponding database sequences, and in most protein identification projects, these programs are utilized in the early stages of data interpretation. However, situations frequently arise where tandem mass spectral data cannot be correlated with any database sequences. In these cases, the unmatched data could be due to peptides derived from novel proteins, allelic or species-derived variants of known proteins, or posttranslational or chemical modifications. Two additional problems are frequently encountered in high-throughput protein identification. First, it is difficult to quickly sift through large amounts of data to identify those spectra that, due to poor signal or contaminants, can be ignored. Second, it is important to find incorrect database matches (false positives). We have chosen to address these difficulties by performing automatic de novo sequencing using a computer program called Lutefisk. Sequence candidates obtained are used as input in a homology-based database search program called CIDentify to identify variants of known proteins. Comparison of database-derived sequences with de novo sequences allows for electronic validation of database matches even if the latter are not completely correct. Modifications to the original Lutefisk program have been implemented to handle data obtained from triple quadrupole, ion trap, and quadrupole/time-of-flight hybrid (Qtof) mass spectrometers. For example, the linearity of mass errors due to temperature-dependent expansion of the flight tube in a Qtof was exploited such that isobaric amino acids (glutamine/lysine and oxidized methionine/ phenylalanine) can be differentiated without careful attention to mass calibration.
Kontrollierte Wasserstofferzeugung aus Ameisensäure‐Amin‐Addukten bei Raumtemperatur und direkte Nutzung in H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub>‐Brennstoffzellen (2008)

Munteres Blubbern: Bei Raumtemperatur wurde Wasserstoff aus Ameisensäure-Amin-Addukten freigesetzt und direkt in einer Brennstoffzelle verwendet (siehe Bild des Versuchsaufbaus). Ruthenium-Phosphan-Systeme dienten als Katalysatoren in dieser Transformation.
Antibacterial and osteoinductive capability of orthopedic materials via cation–π interaction mediated positive charge (2014)

Both implant centered infection and deficient osteoinduction are pivotal issues for orthopedic implants in early and long-term osseointegration, but constructing a functional bio-interface that can overcome these two problems is highly challenging. Our study reveals that a bio-interface with promoted positive charges plays an active role in simultaneously enhancing the antibacterial and osteoinductive capability of orthopedic implants. The positively charged bio-interface is fabricated by a simple dipping method, in which the cationic polymer (polyhexamethylene biguanidine, PHMB) is immobilized in the conjugated polydopamine coating. Mediated by the cation-π interaction, the immobilized PHMB elevates the surface potential resulting in excellent antibacterial efficacy corresponding to 5 ppm of free PHMB. The materials exhibit far better cytocompatibility than free PHMB at the dose which kills over 50% of the cells. Most importantly, the cationic surface can function as a bioelectrical microenvironment to guide bone mesenchymal stem cells and consequently, enhanced cellular viability and proliferation together with upregulated osteogenesis are achieved. The cation-π interaction mediated cationic surface overcomes the disadvantages plaguing the immobilized cationic antibacterial compounds prepared by other methods and is applicable to different types of biomedical materials requiring antibacterial and osteoinductive bio-interfaces.
Pressure Drawdown in a Layered Reservoir With Linear Boundaries (1987)

ABSTRACT An analysis of pressure drawdown has been conducted for a layered reservoir in which each layer is pinched-out by a linear boundary. It was found that if all the pinch-out distances were finite, then the bottom-hole pressure behavior of such a system could not be distinguished from that of a single-layered reservoir with an equivalent pinch-out distance. Consequently, only a single distance can be estimated from a drawdown or a buildup test. If, however, one of the layers is infinite in extent, then there is sufficient character in the pressure response to enable the use of the test data for estimating the pinch-out distance of the finite layer as well as the transmissibilities of each layer.
Literature Recommendation Technology Based on User Characteristics and Semantic Computing (2019)

Obtaining the firsthand literature resources related to research is one of the main tasks of intelligence personnel. Different from the open users to whom content recommendation service is oriented, intelligence personnel have a clear professional background and specific research needs. This paper proposes a personalized recommendation algorithm for scientific literature that integrates user characteristics and semantic computing. On the one hand, using the rich background information and scientific research experience of intelligence personnel were used to generate recommendations for static information modeling; on the other hand, user behavior was used to explore the potential semantic relationship between the literatures. Finally, the two methods are combined. Through the effective integration of user static characteristics and user behavior information, the dependence on the user interaction behavior was weakened, and the cold start problem was effectively alleviated. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was significantly improved compared with the traditional method, which proved the feasibility of the method.
Role of the Syk autophosphorylation site and SH2 domains in B cell antigen receptor signaling. (1995)

To explore the mechanism(s) by which the Syk protein tyrosine kinase participates in B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, we have studied the function of various Syk mutants in B cells made Syk deficient by homologous recombination knockout. Both Syk SH2 domains were required for BCR-mediated Syk and phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma 2 phosphorylation, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate release, and Ca2+ mobilization. A possible explanation for this requirement was provided by findings that recruitment of Syk to tyrosine-phosphorylated immunoglobulin (Ig) alpha and Ig beta requires both Syk SH2 domains. A Syk mutant in which the putative autophosphorylation site (Y518/Y519) of Syk was changed to phenylalanine was also defective in signal transduction; however, this mutation did not affect recruitment to the phosphorylated immunoreceptor family tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). These findings not only confirm that both SH2 domains are necessary for Syk binding to tyrosine-phosphorylated Ig alpha and Ig beta but indicate that this binding is necessary for Syk (Y518/519) phosphorylation after BCR ligation. This sequence of events is apparently required for coupling the BCR to most cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation, to the phosphorylation and activation of PLC-gamma 2, and to Ca2+ mobilization.
Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids and Their Derivatives as Natural Antioxidants (2015)

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are water-soluble molecules that absorb UV-A and UV-B radiation and disperse the energy as heat. MAAs show great diversity in their molecular structures, which exhibit a range of molecular weights spanning 188 to 1050 Daltons. MAAs are utilized in a wide variety of organisms including prokaryotes and eukaryotic micro-organisms that inhabit aquatic, terrestrial, and marine environments. These features suggest that MAAs are stable and fundamental molecules that allow these organisms to live under UV irradiation. MAAs are thought to have been greatly important to ancient forms of life on Earth, functioning as a primary sunscreen to reduce short-wavelength light. Structurally different MAAs might have been developed in MAA-producing organisms during their environmental adaptation. Harmful irradiation directly damages biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA, and induces oxidative stress through radical-propagating processes. Thus, MAAs are expected to play an additional role in the antioxidant system. This review focuses on MAAs with radical scavenging activities. To cover all the reported MAAs known thus far, we surveyed the CAS database and have summarized the structures and the chemical and physical properties of these MAAs, including their antioxidant activities.
A Computational Model for Understanding Stem Cell, Trophectoderm and Endoderm Lineage Determination (2008)

The computational model provides a mechanistic understanding of how different lineages arise from the dynamics of the underlying regulatory network. It provides a framework to explore strategies of reprogramming a cell from a differentiated state to a stem cell state through directed perturbations. Such an approach is highly relevant to regenerative medicine since it allows for a rapid search over the host of possibilities for reprogramming to a stem cell state.
Ultrasound-modulated twin-fluid jet atomization (2002)

We have observed a new resonance phenomenon between the liquid capillary waves generated by ultrasound and those generated by high-velocity air. The capillary waves generated by ultrasound on the cone of liquid film issuing from a coaxial twin-fluid atomizer are magnified in amplitude by air blowing around them. Atomization occurs when the amplitude of the capillary waves is too great to maintain wave stability, and the resulting drop sizes are determined by the frequency of the ultrasound. Specifically, single-peak frequency plots with the peak frequency occurring at drop diameter determined by the third harmonic frequency of the ultrasound can be obtained by tuning air velocity. We have also found that with the use of air, jet atomizes at ultrasonic power levels below and liquid flow rates above the threshold values for ultrasonic atomization without air. In addition, these new findings provide not only direct evidence of the capillary wave mechanism but also a means of controlling drop size and size distribution in twin-fluid atomization.
Sexual transmission of Zika virus in an entirely asymptomatic couple returning from a Zika epidemic area, France, April 2016 (2016)

The current Zika virus outbreak and its potential severe health consequences, especially congenital fetal syndrome, have led to increased concern about sexual transmission, especially in pregnant women and women of reproductive age. Here we report a case of Zika virus sexual transmission, likely male-to-female, in a totally asymptomatic couple.
Adaptive zone configuration using a circular 8-element array antenna (2002)

An adaptive zone system is now being studied as one technique for utilizing mobile communications frequencies efficiently. This study establishes some preconditions for generating desirable zone shapes using the least squares algorithm (LSA) to determine the antenna parameters. Using an adaptive zone configuration system simulator, field measurements are performed to confirm whether the target zones can actually be configured. The relative power ratios from theoretical calculations and from field measurements are given. From these results, it is clarified that good performance in configuring zones can be achieved by using the LSA.
The effect of surface texturing in the sliding surface on tribological characteristics of alloy steel under wet condition (2021)

Surface texturing plays a significant role on the tribological performance of contact surfaces. The tribological characteristics are mostly dependent upon the different pattern and methods of surface texturing. This research works investigates lubricated wear behaviour on circular dimples textured EN-31 alloy steel materials using DUCOM linear reciprocating tribometer. The surface dimples are fabricated by micro-EDM and micro-drilling CNC methods. Initially plane surfaces are tested under different lubricants ISO-68 and ISO-220 oil on a couple of EN31 plates with EN8 steel pin. At loading conditions the results clearly shows that the ISO 68 oil gives better performance than ISO-220 oil in terms of frictional force and COF. The operation during test under ISO-220 oil observed is very noisy and wear rate is also more. Then after experiments under different load conditions on textured surfaces were investigated using optimized ISO-68 oil. An experimental results on m-EDM provides superior frictional characteristics with respect to m-CNC. Surface texturing may act as wear debris trapper, lubricant reservoirs, hydrodynamic lift, and retarding the lubricant molecules flow in a particular path where potential exists. Here micro-dimples EDM surface textures can enhance mixed lubrication and in mixed lubrication the friction is least and this may leads to decrement of wear loss.