gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of the Vestibular Receptor by Means of Step Temperature Changes During Continuous Aural Irrigation (1975)

A technique for rapid, balanced hot/cold stimulation of the vestibular receptor is presented. During continuous aural irrigation the temperature of the irrigation fluid is switched between hot and cold values at times computed according to a mathematical model of heat conduction in the labyrinth area. As a result, the induced temperature difference across the lateral semicircular canal describes an approximately sinusoidal time course, reaching peak values of equal magnitude but opposite sign. Application of the test to 32 clinical subjects demonstrated that the heat conduction model and the analysis used in timing the sequence of thermal pulses was accurate. We expect that, with further refinements, the new technique will prove superior to conventional caloric test methods in the detection and measurement of subtle as well as gross abnormalities of the vestibular system.
Multiple transform domain split vector quantisation (2001)

A novel split vector quantisation scheme where each signal vector is projected into multiple transform domains is proposed. The coder selects codes from the domain that best represents the signal vector. Sample results using one-dimensional speech signals confirm the superior performance of the proposed scheme.
Collision properties of GSM hopping sequences (2002)

Properties of GSM pseudo-random frequency hopping sequences (FHSs) are investigated and it is concluded that they differ significantly from the properties of ideal random sequences. Such discrepancies are evident from correlations as well as collision rates between sequences. It is shown that the collision rate between two FHSs depends heavily on certain FHS parameters such as the hopping sequence number (HSN) and the mobile allocation index offset (MAIO). Another important parameter with significant impact on the collision rate is the frame number (FN) difference between two cells. A consequence is that co-channel interference between cells with fractional loading can be reduced by careful HSN/FN/MAIO planning based solely on collision rate information. This is demonstrated in examples involving two cells.
<title>Phase-contrast x-ray radiography using the X pinch radiation</title> (2001)

The application of the X pinch x-ray source for phase-contrast x-ray radiography of low absorption materials is demonstrated. The X pinch is a source of radiation in the 1-10 keV x-ray band with extremely small size and short pulse duration. The small source size provides high spatial coherence of the imaging x-ray beam, enabling it to be used to image low absorption, low contrast objects with excellent spatial resolution. Images with spatial resolution better than 3 micrometers of exploded, insulated 25 micrometers W wire and biological objects are presented. The advantages of the X-pinch over other x-ray sources are discussed.
<title>PC-based workstation for three-dimensional visualization of ultrasound images</title> (1997)

One of the main limitations of current 3D ultrasound (US) systems is that they cannot provide the real-time or interactive feedback that the sonographers and clinicians are accustomed to with conventional 2D clinical US machines. We have developed a low-cost high-performance interactive 3D US workstation that is suitable for use in a research and clinical environment.THis system employs a powerful programmable image processing board, the MediaStation 5000, to perform volume acquisition, reconstruction, and visualization. We have developed efficient reconstruction and visualization algorithms that allow our 3D US system to provide the same immediate feedback advantages as current 2D US technologies with the added advantage of presenting information in three dimensions. For acquired sequences of 512 X 512 US images, volumes can be reconstructed using a forward-mapped low-order interpolation scheme at 15 frame/s. A modified reconstruction algorithm that performs incremental reconstruction was developed for real-time volume visualization during acquisition. US volume visualization using shear-warp factorization and maximum intensity projection operates at 10 frame/s for 128 X 128 X 128 volumes.
Nonbinary LDPC-Coded Modulation for Rate-Adaptive Optical Fiber Communication Without Bandwidth Expansion (2012)

A rate-adaptive nonbinary low-density parity-check-coded modulation scheme is proposed to enable fiber-optic transmission at variable bit rates by adjusting the spectral efficiency (SE) of transmission while keeping the occupied bandwidth fixed. To achieve a given SE within a fixed bandwidth, both the underlying signal constellation size and the forward error correction code rate are adjusted. Using the scarce resource of bandwidth more effectively, the proposed scheme is expected to find applications in both current fixed-grid networks and in future networks that might adopt flexible grid approach.
Next-Generation Multimode Fibers for Space Division Multiplexing (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Bigot, D. Molin, K. de Jongh, D. Van Ras, F. Achten, and P. Sillard, "Next-Generation Multimode Fibers for Space Division Multiplexing," in Advanced Photonics 2017 (IPR, NOMA, Sensors, Networks, SPPCom, PS), OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper NeM3B.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Glyphosate displays disease control activity in glyphosate resistant crops (2008)

Summary Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide used world-wide. Recent studies showed that glyphosate has activities against some fungi that cause diseases in crops. Published studies have demonstrated activities of glyphosate against leaf and stripe rust in glyphosate-resistant wheat, and against Asian soybean rust (ASR) in glyphosate-resistant soybeans. Past studies showed that glyphosate provided both preventive and curative activities against Puccinia triticina Erikss., and Puccinia striiformis Westend., which cause leaf and stripe rusts in wheat, respectively (Feng et al. 2005). Rust control was demonstrated at multiple plant growth stages with a glyphosate spray rate of 0.84 kg ha −1 which is the typical use rate for weed control. A field test under realistic stripe rust pressure confirmed the preventive and curative activities of glyphosate. Greenhouse studies showed that glyphosate provides both preventive and curative activities against Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow Sydow, in glyphosate-resistant soybeans. Rates of 0.84 to 1.68 kg ha −1 of glyphosate were necessary to provide consistent activity, although the level of activity was equal to or less than that of fungicide standards. Application of glyphosate prior to rust inoculation delayed the onset of ASR for 14 to 21 days. Glyphosate also displayed curative activity when applied within 5–6 days after rust inoculation. Activity was attributed to systemic glyphosate that required plant absorption and translocation; little to no activity was observed with the surfactant system in a commercial glyphosate formulation. Field studies conducted in Argentina, Brazil, South Africa and USA showed good translation of greenhouse data with reduction in field severity of
An electrical and fiber-optic connector (1994)

Abstract : There is presented a hybrid electrical and fiber-optic connector and a method of making same. The connector comprises a plurality of bodies, the bodies including at least one fiber-optic ferrule having extending centrally therethrough a single optical fiber, and at least one electrical contact having an electrically conductive wire fixed thereto. The connector further includes structure exercising a radially compressive force on the bodies for urging the bodies into a configuration in which said bodies are coparallel and nested so as to form a stable bundle which in transverse section is substantially axisymmetrical, and retaining said bodies in the configuration. The connector still further includes alignment structure for angular positioning of said bodies in said connector in said transverse section about a nominal longitudinal axis of said bundle for registry of the connector with a second connector of complementary configuration. (MM)
FBMC receiver for multi-user asynchronous transmission on fragmented spectrum (2014)

Relaxed synchronization and access to fragmented spectrum are considered for future generations of wireless networks. Frequency division multiple access for filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation provides promising performance without strict synchronization requirements contrary to conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The architecture of a FBMC receiver suitable for this scenario is considered. Carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation is combined with intercarrier interference (ICI) cancellation and performs well under very large frequency offsets. Channel estimation and interpolation had to be adapted and proved effective even for heavily fragmented spectrum usage. Channel equalization can sustain large delay spread. Because all the receiver baseband signal processing functionalities are proposed in the frequency domain, the overall architecture is suitable for multiuser asynchronous transmission on fragmented spectrum.
Ideal spin filters: A theoretical study of electron transmission through ordered and disordered interfaces between ferromagnetic metals and semiconductors (2001)

It is predicted that certain atomically ordered interfaces between some ferromagnetic metals $(F)$ and semiconductors $(S)$ should act as ideal spin filters that transmit electrons only from the majority spin bands or only from the minority spin bands of the F to the S (and from the S only to the majority spin bands or only to the minority spin bands of the $F)$ at the Fermi energy, even for F with both majority and minority bands at the Fermi level. Criteria for determining which combinations of F, S, and interface should be ideal spin filters are formulated. The criteria depend only on the bulk band structures of the S and F and on the translational symmetries of the S, F, and interface. Several examples of systems that meet these criteria to a high degree of precision are identified. Disordered interfaces between F and S are also studied and it is found that intermixing between the S and F can result in interfaces with spin antifiltering properties, the transmitted electrons being much less spin polarized than those in the ferromagnetic metal at the Fermi energy.
Abstract 3277: Prion-like protein “Doppel” is a selective therapeutic target for tumoral angiogenesis (2016)

Abstract Regulating growth factor signaling in a controlled and site-specific manner is the main hurdle that current antiangiogenic treatment modalities face. Here we show that the prion-like protein, doppel, is uniquely found in tumoral endothelial cells (TEC) but not in the normal ECs. Tissue sections containing primary human tumor (lung and colon) and normal tissues were used to study doppel protein expression. Strong expression and clear co-localization of doppel protein with CD34, a classical endothelial marker, was observed in both lung and colon cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. To evaluate doppel expression at the molecular level, we isolated TECs from different tumors derived from mouse xenografts. Extensive analysis showed that doppel was highly and ubiquitously expressed in the vasculature of squamous, breast, lung, and colon cancers. To elucidate the role of doppel in TEC during tumor angiogenesis, we generated a gain-of-function EC model to express doppel in ECs. Inducible overexpression of doppel in ECs correlates with high vessel formation in a spheroid-based EC transplantation technique. To integrate doppel expression with the canonical angiogenic circuits, we studied the mechanism by which doppel regulates angiogenesis. We evidently observed that doppel co-localized and formed complexes with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Also, doppel prolonged the surface residency of VEGFR2 and amplified the responsiveness of VEGF to VEGFR2. Genetic deletion of doppel in TEC not only depleted membrane residency but also induced internalization and degradation of VEGFR2. This indicates that doppel blocking can lead to effective control of VEGF-signaling in TECs and selective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Based on the functional role of doppel in angiogenesis and tumor growth inhibition, we generated doppel knockout mice on immunogenic C57BL6 mice. Tumor growth was inhibited in both hetero (Dpl+/-) and homo (Dpl-/-)-type mice compared to their wild-type littermate controls when syngeneic cancer cell lines including melanoma (B16f10) and lymphoma (EL4) or allogeneic colon cancer CT26 cell line were inoculated. Moreover, we developed doppel targeting monoclonal antibodies. Anti-doppel antibodies, 5C7 and 4D6, were effective against both murine CT26 and human HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. Our studies thus demonstrate the success of doppel targeting in inhibiting pathological tumor growth and establish doppel-VEGFR2 interactions as a specific molecular and therapeutic target in tumoral angiogenesis. Citation Format: Taslim Al-Hilal, Yoosoo Yang, In-San Kim, Youngro Byun, Fakhrul Ahsan. Prion-like protein “Doppel” is a selective therapeutic target for tumoral angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3277.
Dynamic Regulation of microRNA Networks in the Brainstem Characterize Hypertension Development (2015)

This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which microRNAs (miRNA) regulate autonomic control networks driving hypertension development. Using a high‐throughput assay for 419 miRNAs in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) and Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) control at three stages of hypertension development, significant differences in expression occurred in 9 miRNAs of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Alterations were stage‐ and region‐dependent, differing at hypertension onset in NTS vs prehypertension stage in RVLM. 144 gene targets corresponding to catecholaminergic processes and neuromodulation were predicted using miRWALK and RNA22 databases and tested with high‐throughput qPCR. Using correlational relationships between miRNAs and mRNAs, we observed a double‐negative regulatory motif consisting of a miRNA down‐regulating a negative regulator of a pro‐hypertensive signaling pathway like Angiotensin II signaling or leukotriene‐based inflammation. We observe during the development of hypertension cells in NTS and RVLM alter their patterns of miRNA and gene expression related to neural function. These include many genes related to Ang II and inflammatory processes affecting autonomic balance leading to an increase in blood pressure set point. We confirmed expression of key miRNAs in the brainstem using fluorescent in situ hybridization, and we examined the cell‐type specificity of each miRNA using 10 cell pools of neurons and astrocytes taken from the NTS and RVLM using laser capture microdissection. We demonstrated for the first time that the broad concordance of miRNA dynamics and target gene expression compose a regulatory network in the brainstem underlying hypertension.
Distributed vector Processing of a new local MultiScale Fourier transform for medical imaging applications (2005)

The recently developed S-transform (ST) combines features of the Fourier and Wavelet transforms; it reveals frequency variation over both space and time. It is a potentially powerful tool that can be applied to medical image processing including texture analysis and noise filtering. However, calculation of the ST is computationally intensive, making conventional implementations too slow for many medical applications. This problem was addressed by combining parallel and vector computations to provide a 25-fold reduction in computation time. This approach could help accelerate many medical image processing algorithms.
Magnesium Zinc Oxide Nanostructure-modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Dynamic Monitoring of Antibiotic Effects and Antimicrobial Resistance (2017)

We demonstrate a magnesium zinc oxide (MZO) nanostructure-modified quartz crystal microbalance (MZOnano-QCM) biosensor to dynamically monitor antimicrobial effects on E. coli and S. cerevisiae. The MZO nanostructures were grown on the top electrode of a standard QCM using metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD). The MZO nanostructures are utilized as the sensing material due to their multifunctionality, biocompatibility, and very large effective sensing surface. The MZO surface-wettability and morphology are controlled, offering high-sensitivity to various biological/biochemical species. The MZOnano-QCM was applied to detect the effects of ampicillin and tetracycline on sensitive and resistant strains of E.coli, as well as effects of amphotericin-B and miconazole on S. cerevisiae through the device's time-dependent frequency shift and motional resistance.
Light trapping and reflection control with tilted pyramids and grooves (1988)

Texturing the surface of a cell to produce crystallographically defined pyramids and grooves is a well-established technique for improving the performance of crystalline solar cells. The double bounce experienced by reflected light with such textured surfaces reduces reflection to low levels even without antireflection coatings. A simply implemented approach based on tilting these geometrical features is shown to produce quadruple bounces in encapsulated cells. This reduces reflection from the cell surface from 3-4% without antireflection coatings to below 0.2%. Tilting of the geometrical features allows very effective light trapping within the cell when combined with a planar rear surface. The improved reflection properties are relevant to all cells which use texturing, regardless of their design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Flexible Algorithm for Random Yield Improvement (2007)

This paper presents a new and improved solution for random yield improvement at the post-routing stage. The proposed solution is better suited for current processes, where a clustering effect has been observed resulting in differing particle densities in the metal and empty regions of the chip. To account for this clustering effect, the authors introduce the concept of weighted critical area to serve as a proxy for random yield loss. A new algorithm for weighted critical area, minimization is also introduced. Based on the user-specified particle densities, the proposed optimization solution is driven by the weighted critical area axis dynamically selects the appropriate critical area reduction technique in each local region to guarantee a reduction of the weighted critical area in both the local region and the whole layer. This makes the algorithm flexible and readily applicable to different process lines. It consistently improves the random yield irrespective of the particle densities in the metal and empty regions of the chip
Performance of customized DCT quantization tables on scientific data (1994)

We show that it is desirable to use data-specific or customized quantization tables for scaling the spatial frequency coefficients obtained using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). DCT is widely used for image and video compression (MP89, PM93) but applications typically use default quantization matrices. Using actual scientific data gathered from divers sources such as spacecrafts and electron-microscopes, we show that the default compression/quality tradeoffs can be significantly improved upon by using customized tables. We also show that significant improvements are possible for the standard test images Lena and Baboon. This work is part of an effort to develop a practical scheme for optimizing quantization matrices for any given image or video stream, under any given quality or compression constraints.
Ultra-sensitive microfluidic wearable strain sensor for intraocular pressure monitoring (2018)

Wearable technologies have potential to transform healthcare by providing continuous measurements of physiological parameters. Sensors that passively monitor physiological pressure without using electronic components are ideal for wearable contact lenses because they are easy to interface with the cornea and the external environment. Here, we report a passive integrated microfluidic sensor with a novel transduction mechanism that converts small strain changes into a large fluidic volume expansion, detectable by a smart-phone camera. The optimization of the sensor architecture and material properties results in a linear and stable sensor response. We have shown that the sensor has a detection limit of <0.06% for uniaxial and <0.004% for biaxial strain. We embedded our sensor in silicone contact lenses and measured the intraocular pressure induced strain in porcine eyes in the physiological range. The sensor's continuous operation capability for >19 hours and a lifetime reaching >7 months demonstrate its potential for long-term ophthalmic monitoring applications.
Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials for Solar Energy Storage: MgO and Mg(OH)2 Mixed with Polyethylene Glycol (2019)

Heat energy storage systems were fabricated with the impregnation method using MgO and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> as supporting materials and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) as the functional phase. MgO and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> were synthesized from the salt Mg(NO<sub>3</sub>)·6H<sub>2</sub>O by performing hydrothermal reactions with various precipitating agents. The precipitating agents were NaOH, KOH, NH<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub> with pamoic acid (PA), or (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. The result shows that the selection of the precipitating agent has a significant impact on the crystallite structure, size, and shape of the final products. Of the precipitating agents tested, only NaOH and NH<sub>3</sub> with PA produce single-phase Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> as the as-synthesized product. Pore size distribution analyses revealed that the surfaces of the as-synthesized MgO have a slit-like pore structure with a broad-type pore size distribution, whereas the as-synthesized Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> has a mesoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution. This structure enhances the latent heat of the phase change material (PCM) as well as super cooling mitigation. The PEG/Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> PCM also exhibits reproducible behavior over a large number of thermal cycles. Both MgO and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> matrices prevent the leakage of liquid PEG during the phase transition in phase change materials (PCMs). However, MgO/PEG has a low impregnation ratio and efficiency, with a low thermal storage capability. This is due to the large pore diameter, which does not allow MgO to retain a larger amount of PEG. The latent heat values of PEG-1000/PEG-6000 blends with MgO and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> were also determined with a view to extending the application of the PCMs to energy storage over wider temperature ranges.