gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term treatment of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency-related pulmonary emphysema with human alpha1-antitrypsin. Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Therapie von Lungenerkrankungen (WATL)-alpha1-AT-study group (1998)

Alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) deficiency is a genetic disorder characterized by low serum levels of alpha1-AT and a high risk of pulmonary emphysema at a young age. The resulting surplus of proteases, mainly of neutrophil elastase, can be balanced by i.v. augmentation with alpha1-AT. However, it is not clear if affected patients benefit from long-term augmentation therapy and no long-term safety data are available. We examined 443 patients with severe alpha1-AT deficiency and pulmonary emphysema receiving weekly i.v. infusions of 60 mg x kg body weight(-1) alpha1-AT in addition to their regular medication. The progression of the disease was assessed by repeated lung function measurements, particularly the decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (deltaFEV1). Four hundred and forty three patients with alpha1-AT deficiency tolerated augmentation therapy well with few adverse reactions. The deltaFEV1 in 287 patients with available follow-up data was 57.1+/-31.1 mL x yr(-1). Stratified for baseline FEV1, the decline was 35.6+/-21.3 mL in the 108 patients with an initial FEV1 <30% and 64.0+/-26.4 mL in the 164 with FEV1 30-65% of predicted normal (p=0.0008). The remaining 15 patients had an initial FEV1 >65% pred. Long-term treatment with i.v. alpha1-antitrypsin in patients with severe alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is feasible and safe. The decline in forced expiratory volume in one second is related to the initial forced expiratory volume in one second as in alpha1-antitrypsin deficient patients not receiving augmentation therapy.
Redundant Crossfire: A Technique to Achieve Super-Resolution in Neurostimulator Design by Exploiting Transistor Mismatch (2021)

A high-resolution neurostimulator is the essential component of many bidirectional neural interfaces. In practice, the effective resolution of fully integrated neurostimulator designs is often hindered by the transistor mismatch, especially in submicrometer CMOS processes. In this article, we present a new circuit technique called redundant crossfire (RXF) to address this challenge. It is derived from our redundant sensing (RS) framework, which aims at engineering information redundancy into the system architecture to enhance its effective resolution. RXF involves combining (i.e., crossfiring) the outputs of two or more current drivers to form a redundant structure that, when properly configured, can produce accurate current pulses with an effective super-resolution beyond the limitation commonly permitted by the physical constraints. Unlike any previous works, the proposed technique achieves high-accuracy by directly exploiting the random transistor mismatch with an excessively large mismatch ratio of 10%–20%. The effectiveness of RXF is verified through both Monte Carlo simulations and measurement results of a fully integrated neurostimulator chip. Equipped with a 5-bit current digital-to-analog converter (IDAC) and two 4-bit current multipliers, the stimulator achieves an effective resolution of 9.75 bits in a 1.1-mA full range. An application of the fabricated chip is to deliver neuro-feedback to a human amputee through peripheral nerves where the amplitude of stimulation pulses is accurately controlled to encode the tactile response’s intensity.
<b>A bacterial haloalkane dehalogenase gene as a negative selectable marker in <i>Arabidopsis</i></b> (1999)

The dhlA gene of Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 encodes a dehalogenase which hydrolyzes dihalo- alkanes, such as 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE), to a halogenated alcohol and an inorganic halide (Janssen et al. 1994, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 48, 163-191). In Xanthobacter, these alcohols are further catabolized by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and by the product of the dhlB gene to a second halide and a hydroxyacid. The intermediate halogenated alcohols and, in particular, the aldehydes are more toxic than the haloalkane substrates or the pathway products. We show here that plants, including Arabidopsis, tobacco, oil seed rape and rice, do not express detectable haloalkane dehalogenase activities, and that wild-type Arabidopsis grows in the presence of DCE. In contrast, DCE applied as a volatile can be used to select on plates or in soil transgenic Arabidopsis which express dhlA. The dhlA marker therefore provides haloalkane dehalogenase reporter activity and substrate dependent negative selection in transgenic plants.
miR-144/451 cluster plays an oncogenic role in esophageal cancer by inhibiting cell invasion (2018)

Collectively, we analysed the function of miR-144/451 cluster from individual to overall level. miR-144/451 cluster played proto oncogene role in esophageal cancer by inhibiting cell invasion.
Improved first responder localization for single-hop and multi-hop networks (2010)

In this paper we present a novel algorithm for indoor localization that was developed for first-responder applications and which is based on range measurements between nodes. The common assumption that the range error is normally distributed is far from reality in indoor environments, where the range measurements exhibit a positive bias due to multipath. In our algorithm the range error distribution is estimated from acquired data and, by sampling this distribution, a probability distribution for the location of each mobile node is estimated. The distribution itself can then be taken as the solution for the node location or a specific node location can be extracted from the distribution in a variety of ways. We also extend this algorithm by constructing multihop constraint sets to perform multihop or cooperative localization, which increases the coverage in which the first responders can be tracked compared to a single hop network. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified using data collected using a network of WASP (wireless ad-hoc system for positioning) nodes in an indoor office environment.
Heat conduction in metal‐filled polymers: The role of particle size, shape, and orientation (1975)

Abstract Elongated metal or other conductive particles can be added to a polymer or other poor conductor to produce a composite of enhanced conductivity. Elongated particles are generally more effective than spherical or irregular particles but very slender particles can be dramatically more effective. For example, cylindrical copper particles with length/diameter ( L / D ) = 20, randomly dispersed in epoxy resin at a loading of 5 percent copper by volume yield a composite with a thermal conductivity about 1.5 times that of the base resin. However, the same volume of copper particles with L / D = 50 can increase the conductivity by a factor of 5 or more. This paper presents a new type of analysis for predicting the thermal conductivity of disperse composites from the properties of the component phases and elementary characterizations of particle shapes and orientation. This analysis successfully predicted the sensitivity to particle shape which was confirmed by experiments also reported in this paper. These results suggest that highly elongated particles may be used to achieve dramatic modifications of thermal conductivity and the analysis presented here may be a useful tool in the design or development of disperse composites of specific thermal conductivity. The analysis may also apply to other properties such as electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability.
Cooling performance simulations in GT-Suite (2010)

This project was performed at Volvo Trucks in Gothenburg, Sweden. It was done in\ncooperation between Volvo 3P and Volvo Powertrain.\nThere are different methods for doing cooling performance simulations. These\nsimulations can be done in 3D by using Computational Fluid Dynamics software or\nby using 1D simulation tools. The main task for this project was to evaluate one of the\n1D simulation tools.\nThe Cooling analysis group at Volvo 3P uses AMESim and KULI as 1D simulation\ntools in its work. It was decided to try GT-Suite for such simulations. One of the\nreasons for this decision was that Volvo Powertrain is using this program for engine\nsimulations. When using one tool for both simulations there is a possibility to couple\nthem together and obtain a more precise simulation model with high level of\nintegration.\nAs a first step for the project a model of the cooling system of a Volvo FH truck was\ncreated and the simulation model results were evaluated against the experimental\nresults. Further on a module of GT-Suite for detailed modelling of the underhood flow\nin 3D environment called Cool3D was used to construct a model of the cooling\npackage and its surroundings. This model was added to the initial model and the\nresults of the simulation were compared to the first simulation and experiment.\nThe first model constructed was using a mapped engine for obtaining heat release\nvalues of different components, meaning that heat release was only dependant on the\nengine load and speed. To improve this model a mean value engine model was\nobtained from Volvo Powertrain and the two models were coupled one to another.\nAs a result of the project it was shown that a simple 1D simulation requires tuning as\nit is impossible to include all the details for the air side of the cooling system, but after\nthe tuning been done it can definitely be used.\nIt was shown that tuning could be omitted when using Cool3D tool and taking into\naccount the effect of hot air recirculation via ambient air preheating.\nFor the coupling of cooling system and engine simulations it was shown that it is\npossible and can easily be done, a brief description of how to do it was given.
Microvascular angioadaptation after endurance training with <scp>l</scp>‐arginine supplementation in rat heart and hindleg muscles (2005)

This study was designed to examine whether dietary L-arginine supplementation modulates exercise-induced angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in female Wistar rats. Exercise training (running) lasted for 6 weeks at 25 m min-1 on a 20% gradient for 10-60 min day-1. Rats in the L-arginine-treated groups drank water containing 4% L-arginine. Histochemical identification of capillary profiles showed that training with L-arginine significantly increased the capillary/fibre (C/F) ratio in the subendocardium of the left ventricle, whereas training alone did not. Because of a significantly higher fibre cross-sectional area, a concomitant, but not significant, decrease in capillary density was also observed. In the hindleg muscles, training with L-arginine significantly increased the C:F ratio, although the degree of change was the same as that observed after training alone. Western blot analysis showed that training with L-arginine significantly increased VEGF protein expression by 1.7-fold in the left ventricle, while the increase with training alone was insignificant. In the soleus muscle, although VEGF protein expression was elevated insignificantly after training (2.8-fold), training with L-arginine significantly increased the protein levels (3.8-fold). Tissue endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels did not changed after either training or L-arginine treatment. The present results suggest that L-arginine supplementation causes additional effects on exercise-induced angiogenesis in the rat heart by promoting VEGF expression.
Activation of Pannexin-1 Hemichannels Augments Aberrant Bursting in the Hippocampus (2008)

Pannexin-1 (Px1) is expressed at postsynaptic sites in pyramidal neurons, suggesting that these hemichannels contribute to dendritic signals associated with synaptic function. We found that, in pyramidal neurons, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation induced a secondary prolonged current and dye flux that were blocked with a specific inhibitory peptide against Px1 hemichannels; knockdown of Px1 by RNA interference blocked the current in cultured neurons. Enhancing endogenous NMDAR activation in brain slices by removing external magnesium ions (Mg2+) triggered epileptiform activity, which had decreased spike amplitude and prolonged interburst interval during application of the Px1 hemichannel blocking peptide. We conclude that Px1 hemichannel opening is triggered by NMDAR stimulation and can contribute to epileptiform seizure activity.
Retrieval Models for Genre Classification (2008)

Abstract. Genre provides a characterization of a document with respect to its form or functional trait. Genre is orthogonal to topic, rendering genre information a powerful filter technology for information seekers in digital li-braries. However, an efficient means for genre classification is an open and controversially discussed issue. This paper gives an overview and presents new results related to automatic genre classification of text documents. We present a comprehensive survey which contrasts the genre retrieval models that have been developed for Web and non-Web corpora. With the concept of genre-specific core vocabularies the paper provides an original contribu-tion related to computational aspects and classification performance of genre retrieval models: we show how such vocabularies are acquired automatical-ly and introduce new concentration measures that quantify the vocabulary distribution in a sensible way. Based on these findings we construct light-weight genre retrieval models and evaluate their discriminative power and computational efficiency. The presented concepts go beyond the existing utilization of vocabulary-centered, genre-revealing features and open new possibilities for the construction of genre classifiers that operate in real-time. Key words: genre analysis, retrieval models, analysis and evaluation.
An improved neural processing element using pulse coded weights (2002)

A technique is presented to allow both inhibition and excitation weights to take place on the same input lines of pulse coded neural processing element (NPE). This is achieved by using different ranges of pulse duty cycles for excitation and inhibition. The pulse coded NPE contains blocks of neural type cells (NTC), a summation, a nonlinear threshold logic, and a learning block for adaptive weight feedback. Modifications on the neural-type cell are presented to achieve this as well as wider oscillation ranges. Simulation results verify the functions for each block. The results allow for adapting weights through sign changes leading to more flexibility in design and less power consumption. Along with its functional block-based structure, the NPE, as an artificial neuron, can be applied in many different configurations of neural networks. A layout for a configuration for a winner-take-all network was carried out and sent to MOSIS for IC fabrication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microencapsulation of drugs by pan and air suspension techniques. (1991)

This review examines recent advances in the commercial production of microencapsulated drug products. Factors influencing drug selection are considered with particular reference to the design of controlled drug delivery systems. The formulation of both aqueous and nonaqueous coating materials is discussed with examples of common problems encountered in applied coatings and ways to overcome same. Methods of core production are considered with emphasis on spheronization procedures. Pan and air suspension techniques, together with modification thereof, are discussed. Certain newer in vitro procedures such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis or topographical plots of dissolution data for complex microencapsulated systems are presented. Finally aspects of the stability and in vivo testing of microencapsulated products are considered in the context of requirements for regulatory approval.
Google Drive: Forensic Analysis of Cloud Storage Data Remnants (2013)

Cloud storage is an emerging challenge to digital forensic examiners. The services are increasingly used by consumers, business, and government, and can potentially store large amounts of data. The retrieval of digital evidence from cloud storage services (particularly from offshore providers) can be a challenge in a digital forensic investigation, due to virtualisation, lack of knowledge on location of digital evidence, privacy issues, and legal or jurisdictional boundaries. Google Drive is a popular service, providing users a cost-effective, and in some cases free, ability to access, store, collaborate, and disseminate data. Using Google Drive as a case study, artefacts were identified that are likely to remain after the use of cloud storage, in the context of the experiments; on a computer hard drive and Apple iPhone3G, and the potential access point(s) for digital forensics examiners to secure evidence.
Exploring the Fractal Parameters of Urban Growth and Form with Wave‐Spectrum Analysis (2010)

The Fourier transform and spectral analysis are employed to estimate the fractal dimension and explore the fractal parameter relations of urban growth and form using mathematical experiments and empirical analyses. Based on the models of urban density, two kinds of fractal dimensions of urban form can be evaluated with the scaling relations between the wave number and the spectral density. One is the radial dimension of self‐similar distribution indicating the macro‐urban patterns, and the other, the profile dimension of self‐affine tracks indicating the micro‐urban evolution. If a city′s growth follows the power law, the summation of the two dimension values may be a constant under certain condition. The estimated results of the radial dimension suggest a new fractal dimension, which can be termed “image dimension”. A dual‐structure model named particle-ripple model (PRM) is proposed to explain the connections and differences between the macro and micro levels of urban form.
Atrial septostomy using a butterfly stent in a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (2006)

We describe a patient with severe pulmonary artery hypertension and refractory right heart failure who underwent "butterfly" stent atrial septostomy guided by intracardiac ultrasound. This technique may be superior to previously reported blade and balloon septostomy because it allows creation of an atrial septal defect of a precise predetermined diameter. The patient's systemic blood flow and clinical status improved significantly after the procedure, allowing her to be accepted as a candidate for lung transplantation.
New time domain errors and erasures decoding algorithmfor BCH codes (1994)

A new algorithm is presented for solving the key equation that simultaneously computes the error locator polynomial and the errata evaluator polynomial. The algorithm is similar to the Berlekamp algorithm but is more symmetrical in its treatment of the iterated pairs of polynomials making it particularly well suited to a highly parallel hardware implementation.
Analysis of the Narrowband Interference Effect on OFDM Timing Synchronization (2007)

In OFDM systems, the symbol timing synchronization is needed to find an estimate of where the symbol starts. The most popular of the pilot-aided timing estimators is the one proposed by Schmidl and Cox (S&C) ["Robust Frequency and Timing Synchronization for OFDM," <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE Transactions on Communications</i> , vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1613-1621, Dec. 1997]. Generally, the proper action of the timing estimator may be strongly affected by the presence of disturbances, like narrowband interference (NBI) signals. This paper investigates the effect of NBI signals, which may arise in the OFDM band as the spectrum becomes more crowded, on the timing synchronization for OFDM systems. The performance of the S&C symbol timing synchronizer is evaluated in an analytical way in the presence of narrowband interferers. Also, the probabilities of both missing and false detection of a training sequence are addressed. Further, simulations have been carried out to verify the validity of the approximations in the analysis.
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT OF AIR-WATER MIST FLOW IMPINGING ON ISOTHERMAL PLATE (2023)

Theoretical and experimental studies of the heat transfer enhancement have been made for a laminar air-water mist flow impinging on an isothermal plate. The governing boundary-layer equations for this problem are solved by the Van Dyke's Matching Method. The mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement can be separated into two parts: (l)an enhancement function ø1, pertaining to water droplets that mix with air stream in the flow field; and (2)another enhancement function ø2, representing water droplets that separated from the main-stream due to the inertia, impacting on the heated wall and then evaporating. The sum of ø1 and ø2 is related to the ratio of the average Nusselt number of the present two-phase flow with that for one phase flow in the form: Nu/Nuo=l+ø1+ø2. Experimental heat transfer data for various mass flow rate of water, wall temperature and air-water mist flow velocity have been obtained. The theoretical solution compared favorably with the experimental data obtained in this study.
An Algorithm for Training Polynomial Networks (2013)

We consider deep neural networks, in which the output of each node is a quadratic function of its inputs. Similar to other deep architectures, these networks can compactly represent any function on a finite training set. The main goal of this paper is the derivation of an efficient layer-by-layer algorithm for training such networks, which we denote as the \emph{Basis Learner}. The algorithm is a universal learner in the sense that the training error is guaranteed to decrease at every iteration, and can eventually reach zero under mild conditions. We present practical implementations of this algorithm, as well as preliminary experimental results. We also compare our deep architecture to other shallow architectures for learning polynomials, in particular kernel learning.
An ethylenediamine-grafted Y zeolite: a highly regenerable carbon dioxide adsorbent via temperature swing adsorption without urea formation (2016)

An ethylenediamine-grafted Y zeolite effectively adsorbs CO<sub>2</sub>from a wet flue gas and it is highly regenerable through a temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process.