gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast Implants: Facts, Controversy, and Speculations for Future Research (1996)

The breast implant crisis has been widely publicized. Beyond its immediate problems for the patients, the crisis has also discredited the use of silicone rubber as one of the most widely used biomaterials. Silicone elastomer or gel, the primary material in mammary prostheses, may be exposed to the body's tissues via envelope rupture, gel bleed, or elastomer fragmentation. Local responses to silicone include granulomatous inflammation, capsular contraction, and infection, all in varying degrees depending on ill-defined factors, which may include patient condition, peri- and postoperative complications, and hereditary predisposition, as well as material properties such as surface texture. The theory that silicone breast implants cause immunological disorders has not been proven. However, further study is necessary because some patients report autoimmune-like disorders (human adjuvant disease) following implant placement. Like autoimmune disease, human adjuvant disease is characterized by abnormalities of the immune response, autoantibody formation, and chronic inflammation. Silicone has been shown to play the role of an adjuvant, providing constant nonspecific stimulation of the immune system. Some researchers have hypothesized the role of silicone in specific immune reactions, including immunoglobulin formation and T-cell activation. This report examines the role of silicone as an agent of disease, focusing on material surface-tissue interactions.
On the Determination of Recombination Rates in Intermated Recombinant Inbred Populations (2003)

The recurrent intermating of F(2) individuals for some number of generations followed by several generations of inbreeding produces an intermated recombinant inbred (IRI) population. Such populations are currently being developed in the plant-breeding community because linkage associations present in an F(2) population are broken down and a population of fixed inbred lines is also created. The increased levels of recombination enable higher-resolution mapping in IRI populations relative to F(2) populations. Herein we derive relationships, under several limiting assumptions, for determining the expected recombination fraction in IRI populations from the crossover rate per meiosis. These relationships are applicable to situations where the inbreeding component of IRI population development is by either self-fertilization or full-sib mating. Additionally, we show that the derived equations can be solved for the crossover rate per meiosis if the recombination fraction is known for the IRI population. Thus, the observed recombination fraction in any IRI population can be expressed on an F(2) basis. The implications of this work on the expansion of genetic maps in IRI populations and limits for detecting linkage between markers are also considered.
On the Hybridization of Memetic Algorithms With Branch-and-Bound Techniques (2007)

Branch-and-bound (BnB) and memetic algorithms represent two very different approaches for tackling combinatorial optimization problems. However, these approaches are compatible. In this correspondence, a hybrid model that combines these two techniques is considered. To be precise, it is based on the interleaved execution of both approaches. Since the requirements of time and memory in BnB techniques are generally conflicting, a truncated exact search, namely, beam search, has opted to be carried out. Therefore, the resulting hybrid algorithm has a heuristic nature. The multidimensional 0-1 knapsack problem and the shortest common supersequence problem have been chosen as benchmarks. As will be shown, the hybrid algorithm can produce better results in both problems at the same computational cost, especially for large problem instances.
Evaluation of the clinical utility, efficacy and safety of a novel medical device for the treatment of foot ulcers: Rationale and design of the carbothera trial (2016)

BACKGROUND: Foot ulceration usually precedes more serious foot complications such as infection, gangrene or amputation. The risk of developing foot ulcers has been estimated to be higher in individuals with peripheral arterial disease, diabetes and kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the healing potential of CO2-enriched water in patients with foot ulceration. METHODS: This is a multi-centered; placebo controlled and randomized clinical trial. Patients will have at least 1 distal extremity ulcer and will be randomized to receive a treatment with bath therapy at 37oC containing either 1,000-1200 ppm CO2-enriched tap water (the intervention), or non- carbonated tap water (the control group). The treatment will be carried out 3 times/week for 15 minutes per session for 4 months for a total of 48 treatments. At baseline and at the end of every treatment month, wound assessment, measurement of limb oxygenation, ankle brachial pressures as well as McGill pain questionnaire will be carried out. Blood will also be collected at baseline and at the end of every month of the treatment period (for a total of 5 collections) for the measurement of different biomarkers. BASELINE DATA: At baseline all 14 participants have at least one distal extremity ulcer and 93% (13/14) are diabetic. Although 6 of the participan`ts have peripheral arterial disease (left and/or right limb) as evidenced by an ankle brachial index (ABI) <0.9, another 5 exhibited non-compressible ankle arteries and 3 participants with left and right ABI of ≥ 0.9. Mean age of participants is 60.2 ± 1.7 and 64% (9/14) of the participants are undergoing hemodialysis for ESRD and 29% (4/14) are below knee amputees. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed clinical study will evaluatve the therapeutic potential, safety and efficacy of CO2 enriched water (produced by the Carbothera device) on treating foot ulcers.
Polycyclic Heteroaromatics from Reactions of Acylbenzotriazoles with Aryl Isocyanates (2000)

N-Acylbenzotriazoles react with aryl isocyanates to form, depending on the type of acyl group, compounds based on five different classes of polycyclic heteroaromatics. Higher alkanoyl-, acetyl-, acetoacetyl-, aroyl-, and cinnamoylbenzotriazoles yield, respectively, derivatives of quinoline, pyrimidino[5,4-c]quinoline, benzo[b]-1,8-naphthyridine, phenanthridine, and indolo[2, 3-b]quinoline by incorporating 3, 3, 4, 2, and 2 molecules, respectively, of the isocyanate per acylbenzotriazole molecule.
Studies of Radical Alternating Copolymerization. II. Influence of Charge Transfer Complex between Comonomers on the Microstructure of the Copolymers. Case of Maleic Anhydride and Vinyl Acetate (1981)

Abstract Vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride are known to give 1:1 radical alternating copolymerization regardless of the monomer feed composition. The mechanism of this copolymerization involves free monomers and a complex between them (charge transfer complex). We undertook a study of the microstructure of different alternating copolymers (by lH, 13C NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis). Starting from the results obtained, we determined the influence of the participation of the complex on the microstructure of the alternating copolymers.
Autonomous navigation in dynamic social environments using Multi-Policy Decision Making (2016)

In dynamic environments crowded with people, robot motion planning becomes difficult due to the complex and tightly-coupled interactions between agents. Trajectory planning methods, supported by models of typical human behavior and personal space, often produce reasonable behavior. However, they do not account for the future closed-loop interactions of other agents with the trajectory being constructed. As a consequence, the trajectories are unable to anticipate cooperative interactions (such as a human yielding), or adverse interactions (such as the robot blocking the way). In this paper, we propose a new method for navigation amongst pedestrians in which the trajectory of the robot is not explicitly planned, but instead, a planning process selects one of a set of closed-loop behaviors whose utility can be predicted through forward simulation. In particular, we extend Multi-Policy Decision Making (MPDM) [1] to this domain using the closed-loop behaviors Go-Solo, Follow-other, and Stop. By dynamically switching between these policies, we show that we can improve the performance of the robot as measured by utility functions that reward task completion and penalize inconvenience to other agents. Our evaluation includes extensive results in simulation and real-world experiments.
Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen: primary structure of Salmonella typhimurium ADPglucose synthetase as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the glgC gene (1987)

The nucleotide sequence of a 1.4-kilobase-pair fragment containing the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 glgC gene coding for ADPglucose synthetase was determined. The glgC structural gene contains 1,293 base pairs, having a coding capacity of 431 amino acids. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence shows that the molecular weight of ADPglucose synthetase is 45,580. Previous results of the total amino acid composition analysis and amino acid sequencing (M. Lehmann and J. Preiss, J. Bacteriol. 143:120-127, 1980) of the first 27 amino acids from the N terminus agree with that deduced from nucleotide sequencing data. Comparison of the Escherichia coli K-12 and S. typhimurium LT2 ADPglucose synthetase shows that there is 80% homology in their nucleotide sequence and 90% homology in their deduced amino acid sequence. Moreover, the amino acid residues of the putative allosteric sites for the physiological activator fructose bisphosphate (amino acid residue 39) and inhibitor AMP (amino acid residue 114) are identical between the two enzymes. There is also extensive homology in the putative ADPglucose binding site. In both E. coli K-12 and S. typhimurium LT2, the first base of the translational start ATG of glgA overlaps with the third base TAA stop codon of the glgC gene.
Cellulose Conversion into Polyols Catalyzed by Reversibly Formed Acids and Supported Ruthenium Clusters in Hot Water (2007)

A green approach to efficient conversion of cellulose into hexitols and other lighter alcohols through two steps is reported. In this process, cellulose is hydrolyzed to glucose by acids formed reversibly in situ from hot water, and the glucose is hydrogenated on Ru/C. Understanding of the green aqueous catalytic systems should lead to more efficient conversion of cellulose into fuels and chemicals.
Emittance of a field emission electron source (2010)

An analytical formula of the emittance of a field emitter is given. In contrast to thermal and photoemission, such a formula contains complexity due to the multidimensional nature of the source. A formulation of emittance is given for one- and three-dimensional (3D) field emitters. The 3D formulation makes use of the point charge model of a unit cell emitter coupled with a trajectory analysis to follow electrons to an evaluation plane where emittance is determined. The single tip theory is extended to an array and the resulting theory predicts the emittance of a Spindt-type square array of emitters 0.2cm on a side producing 2000A∕cm2 is 23mmmrad. Theory compares favorably with experimental measurements in the literature from ungated and gated sources. The impacts of several complications are estimated: the effects of a gate for modulating the emitter; the influence of space charge within the unit cell on the beam; and constraints imposed by modulation frequency, emitter dimensions, and rise/fall time requirements for turning a beam on and off, as determined by the array’s RLC characterization.
Computer Simulation of Stick-Slip Friction in Mechanical Dynamic Systems (1985)

Stick-slip friction is present to some degree in almost all actuators and mechanisms and is often responsible for performance limitations. Simulation of stick-slip friction is difficult because of strongly nonlinear behavior in the vicinity of zero velocity. A straightforward method for representing and simulating friction effects is presented. True zero velocity sticking is represented without equation reformulation or the introduction of numerical stiffness problems.
Employing Photoassisted Ligand Exchange Technique in Layered Quantum Dot LEDs (2012)

We presented in this paper a photoassisted ligand exchange approach whereby light will be introduced to facilitate the replacement of oleic acid (OA) ligand molecules over PbSe quantum dots (QDs). The ligand‐exchanged QDs were used to fabricate quantum dot light‐emitting‐diodes (QD‐LEDs), which outperform the devices comprising the QDs without ligand‐replacement.
3D Graphene–Cobalt Oxide Electrode for High-Performance Supercapacitor and Enzymeless Glucose Detection (2012)

Using a simple hydrothermal procedure, cobalt oxide (Co(3)O(4)) nanowires were in situ synthesized on three-dimensional (3D) graphene foam grown by chemical vapor deposition. The structure and morphology of the resulting 3D graphene/Co(3)O(4) composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The 3D graphene/Co(3)O(4) composite was used as the monolithic free-standing electrode for supercapacitor application and for enzymeless electrochemical detection of glucose. We demonstrate that it is capable of delivering high specific capacitance of ∼1100 F g(-1) at a current density of 10 A g(-1) with excellent cycling stability, and it can detect glucose with a ultrahigh sensitivity of 3.39 mA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a remarkable lower detection limit of <25 nM (S/N = 8.5).
Reducing the carbon footprint of greenhouse grown crops: re-designing LED-based production systems (2016)

To fulfill the market demand for year-round high-quality production, the use of assimilation light has increased over the last decades by 10% per year and continues to expand. The electrical consumption involved largely contributes to the high CO2 emission of greenhouse horticulture. Following the Kyoto protocol, the emission of greenhouse gases should be reduced. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can contribute to the reduction in carbon footprint by their high efficiency in converting electricity into light. Due to their low heat emission, LEDs can be positioned within the canopy, which allows the design of new, low-carbon production systems. Inter-canopy LED lighting is already commercially used on a small scale. This paper describes the steps taken to further optimize LED-based production systems. Since it is impossible to test all possible strategies of using LED lighting, a 3D functional-structural plant model was used to do scenario calculations to determine the light interception of the canopy and crop photosynthesis at different positions and orientations of the LEDs. Orienting inter-lighting LEDs 30° downwards positively affected the light interception by the crop, provided that there was sufficient leaf area below the LEDs to prevent light loss to the floor. Replacing the conventional high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps by LED lamps (efficiency 2.3 μmol J-1) reduced the carbon footprint of a tomato crop by approximately 15%, due to a combination of the higher efficiency of LEDs and an increased use of thermal energy to maintain plant temperatures. These calculations were validated in a greenhouse trial, where the production and energy consumption of a HPS+LED hybrid system was compared to those of a LED top-lighting and LED inter-lighting combination. Plant development and production levels were comparable, whereas the electrical consumption in the LED+LED system was 37% lower than under HPS+LED lighting. Approximately half of the reduction in electricity was used for additional heat input to maintain plant development rate, which agreed well with the carbon footprint calculations. Work in the near future will focus on plant architecture and LEDs with altered light emission patterns, aiming to design new LEDbased production systems, which combine a high production level with a low-carbon footprint.
Mechanical Behavior of Soybean Protein Fibers (2009)

In order to understand the relationship between the mechanical property and the effect of bleaching and dyeing to the soybean protein fibers (SPF), four mechanical models are chosen. The tensile and relaxation property of the soybean protein fibers are analyzed. The tensile and relaxation curves are fitted with the suitable model. It shows that the relaxation property of SPF is in accordance with the standard linear solid model. Estimates of the Hookean spring modulus at 8% and at 10% are different, so some structural modifications could be produced by the strain. Bleached fibers show a higher level of relaxation than raw fibers and dyed fibers. Bleaching has a remarkable influence on decreasing tenacity at break for each test modality. Knotted and looped modalities decrease fiber tenacity remarkably in all three samples.
Influencia de los trastornos del movimiento en la necesidad de recambio de prótesis total de rodilla primaria. (2023)

Introduction: We assess how Movement disorders influence the survival of primary Total Knee Arthroplasty implants. Methods: Retrospective observational study analyzing patients who underwent primary total knee replacement in our center who required revision surgery. Results: We found a higher prevalence than expected by age of Movement disorders in the primary total knee replacement group that required revision due to aseptic loosening. Conclusion: Movement Disorders seem to influence the survival of primary total knee replacement implants.
Semi-selective culture medium for Exserohilum turcicum isolation from corn seeds (2014)

Northern corn leaf blight, caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Et), is a disease of widespread occurrence in regions where corn, sweetcorn and popcorn are grown. This disease has great potential to cause damage and has been studied for years, but the association of its causal agent with seeds remains unconfirmed. Thus, the availability of a sensitive method to detect and quantify the inoculum in seeds, even at low incidence, is essential. The aim of this study was to develop a method to detect and quantify the presence of the fungus infecting and infesting corn and popcorn seeds. Artificially and naturally infected seeds were employed to develop the medium. The semi-selective medium was composed of carbendazim (active ingredient) (60 mg/L), captan (30 mg/L), streptomycin sulfate (500 mg/L) and neomycin sulfate (600 mg/L) aggregated to the medium lactose casein hydrolysate agar medium. By using this, Et was detected in naturally infected corn seeds, showing 0.124% incidence, in four out of ten analyzed samples. In addition, 1.04 conidia were detected per infested seed. By means of isolation, pathogenicity test, morphological characterization and comparison with descriptions of the species in the literature, the fungus isolated from the seeds was confirmed to be Et. Both infection and infestation were considered low; thus, for studies of Et detection in corn seeds, the use of semi-selective medium and more than 1,200 seeds/sample is suggested.
High-power cw operation over 480 mW on five-stripe phased-array lasers assembled by a new junction-down mounting (1986)

The phased-array laser is the most promising candidate to give high output power over 100 mW. At high-power cw operation, the output power-current characteristics tend to saturate because the Junction temperature rises due to the high current. Hence the junction-down (J-down) mounting is important in achieving high-power cw operation. Generally, soft solders such as In alloys have been employed for the J-down assembly to avoid the mechanical stress between laser chip and heat sink. These solders, however, have many disadvantageous effects on reliability, such as solder migration into the laser crystal or formation of whisker.1,2
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical neuropsychological tests of attention (2000)

An association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene located on chromosome 11p15.5 and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been demonstrated and replicated by multiple investigators. A specific allele [the 7-repeat of a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3] has been proposed as an etiological factor in attentional deficits manifested in some children diagnosed with this disorder. In the current study, we evaluated ADHD subgroups defined by the presence or absence of the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene, using neuropsychological tests with reaction time measures designed to probe attentional networks with neuroanatomical foci in D4-rich brain regions. Despite the same severity of symptoms on parent and teacher ratings for the ADHD subgroups, the average reaction times of the 7-present subgroup showed normal speed and variability of response whereas the average reaction times of the 7-absent subgroup showed the expected abnormalities (slow and variable responses). This was opposite the primary prediction of the study. The 7-present subgroup seemed to be free of some of the neuropsychological abnormalities thought to characterize ADHD.
Relationship between Intrinsic Breakdown Field and Bandgap of Materials (2006)

A universal expression for the relationship between intrinsic breakdown field and bandgap of both semiconductors and insulators is proposed, and a quantitative criterion for distinguishing between semiconductors and insulators is introduced for the first time
DIFFERENCES IN FRUCTAN CONTENT AND SYNTHESIS IN SOME <i>ALLIUM</i> SPECIES (1981)

SUMMARY In Allium cepa (cv. Creamgold), A. cepa (cv. Bunching Onion), A. porrum (leek) and A. sativum (garlic), fructans were the only nonstructural carbohydrates detected apart from glucose, fructose and sucrose. No starch or members of the raffinose series of oligosaccharides were detected. Both cultivars of A. cepa , and A. porrum had fructan polymers of the same length. The maximum DP (degree of polymerization) detected was 12. However, maximum carbohydrate concentration occurred in DP5 for A. cepa (cv. Bunching Onion) and DP12 for A. porrum. A. sativum was different from the other species in that larger polymers were present, reaching a DP of 50. The trisaccharides, 1 F ‐fructosylsucrose and 6 G ‐fructosylsucrose were found in all species. A. cepa and A. sativum contained similar fructan: fructan frutosyltransferases. Enzymes from both plants transferred fructosyl residues from trisaccharide to form tetrasaccharide and sucrose as the major products. This self‐transfer predominated even in the presence of higher molecular weight acceptor molecules.
Adaptive shadow maps (2001)

Shadow maps provide a fast and convenient method of identifying shadows in scenes but can introduce aliasing. This paper introduces the Adaptive Shadow Map (ASM) as a solution to this problem. An ASM removes aliasing by resolving pixel size mismatches between the eye view and the light source view. It achieves this goal by storing the light source view (i.e., the shadow map for the light source) as a hierarchical grid structure as opposed to the conventional flat structure. As pixels are transformed from the eye view to the light source view, the ASM is refined to create higher-resolution pieces of the shadow map when needed. This is done by evaluating the contributions of shadow map pixels to the overall image quality. The improvement process is view-driven, progressive, and confined to a user-specifiable memory footprint. We show that ASMs enable dramatic improvements in shadow quality while maintaining interactive rates.