gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Approach to Area-Constrained Yield Enhancement for Pipelined Circuits under Parameter Variations (2005)

Under inter- and intra-die parameter variations, delay of a pipelined circuit follows a statistical distribution. Hence, a pipelined circuit suffers yield loss with respect to violation of target delay constraint unless an overly pessimistic worst-case design approach is followed. We propose a statistical approach for pipeline design to enhance yield with respect to a target delay under an area budget. Right choice of the number of pipeline stages to enhance yield under an area constraint is addressed using simple statistical yield models. Next, individual stages are designed for maximizing yield under area constraint for the stages. Once the independently optimized stages are combined to form a pipeline, we propose a final global optimization step to improve pipeline yield with no area overhead, based on a concept of area borrowing. Optimization results show that, the proposed statistical design approach for pipeline improves the overall yield up to 12% over conventional design for equal area.
Target Mediated Disposition (TMD) Model Based Dose Selection for Fixed SC Doses of Anti-MAdCAM-1 Monoclonal Antibody (PF-00547659) in Crohnʼs Disease (2011)

Purpose: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there is still a large unmet medical need despite the introduction of anti-TNFs and new mechanisms of action are needed particularly for patients who have failed other treatments. PF-00547659 is a fully human IgG2κ anti-human MAdCAM monoclonal antibody that binds to recombinant human MAdCAM to reduce lymphocyte homing to the gut and GI inflammation. Based upon the encouraging results of a phase IIa and pharmacokinetic (PK) study in ulcerative colitis (UC) (Vermiere S, Gut 2011), a large phase 2b study in Crohn's Disease (CD) was initiated. The PK properties of PF-00547659 are typical of those displayed by IgG2 monoclonal antibodies with target-mediated disposition exhibiting dose-dependent clearance and good SC bioavailability. The dose selection strategy for this CD study which desired fixed SC doses was based upon TMD Modeling in UC (Martin SW DDW 2009 W1042). Methods: The PK data from the UC study covering a wide range of IV and SC administered doses (0.01-10 mg/kg) provided sufficient information for mechanistic characterization of an antibody exhibiting nonlinear kinetics with high affinity for MAdCAM. The TMD model was used for simulation of 8 levels of fixed doses from 7.5 mg to 225 mg. The primary criteria for optimal doses was target suppression over 12 weeks. 500 monte-carlo simulations were performed including inter-subject and intra-subject variability. Results: Monthly SC doses of 75 mg provide greater than 95% target suppression over 12 weeks in 90% of subjects. Two additional doses of one half-log below (22.5 mg) and above (225 mg) were selected to provide information regarding the minimal and maximum effective suppression level necessary for efficacy in CD. The selected dose range has good separation in PK exposure, is within the range that was well tolerated and exhibited signs of clinical activity in UC (Figure).Figure: No Caption available.Conclusion: Based upon the simulation results, PF-00547659 SC monthly doses of 22.5 mg, 75 mg and 225 mg were selected for the phase 2b CD study. Doses above 22.5 mg SC inhibits > 90% of MAdCAM activity with the CI narrowing with increasing doses up to 225 mg SC which inhibits 99.8% of MAd-CAM activity. Disclosure: William Sandborn - Consultant Pfizer, Jason WIlliams - Pfizer Employee, Fabio Cataldi - Pfizer Employee, Gail Comer - Pfizer Employee. This research was supported by an industry grant from Pfizer.
The Outsourcing Compulsion. (2006)

The authors make the case that the vast majority of U.S. companies are being pushed overseas by more than just the desire for new markets, lower labor costs or greater efficiencies in sourcing. The United States? dysfunctional distribution system, they say, has been turned on its head as distributors have wrested control of the strategic prerogatives of manufacturers in order to capture a disproportionate share of the value of the supplying company?s products. Megadistributors like Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Home Depot Inc. end up profiting at the expense of their vendors, and manufacturers earn little or nothing on the sale of their own products. The megadistributors not only control the delivery of their products to consumers but also wield tremendous power over their internal processes. Cut off from the ability to control distribution and sales, these manufacturers must chase the cheapest inputs, particularly labor, in order to generate adequate margins and maintain shareholder value. There is some hope: In high-growth emerging markets around the world, manufacturers still possess the ability to directly influence what happens to their products once they enter the distribution chain, but, warn the authors, this window is rapidly closing.
Active Perception With Dynamic Vision Sensors. Minimum Saccades With Optimum Recognition (2018)

Vision processing with dynamic vision sensors (DVSs) is becoming increasingly popular. This type of a bio-inspired vision sensor does not record static images. The DVS pixel activity relies on the changes in light intensity. In this paper, we introduce a platform for the object recognition with a DVS in which the sensor is installed on a moving pan-tilt unit in a closed loop with a recognition neural network. This neural network is trained to recognize objects observed by a DVS, while the pan-tilt unit is moved to emulate micro-saccades. We show that performing more saccades in different directions can result in having more information about the object, and therefore, more accurate object recognition is possible. However, in high-performance and low-latency platforms, performing additional saccades adds latency and power consumption. Here, we show that the number of saccades can be reduced while keeping the same recognition accuracy by performing intelligent saccadic movements, in a closed action-perception smart loop. We propose an algorithm for smart saccadic movement decisions that can reduce the number of necessary saccades to half, on average, for a predefined accuracy on the N-MNIST dataset. Additionally, we show that by replacing this control algorithm with an artificial neural network that learns to control the saccades, we can also reduce to half the average number of saccades needed for the N-MNIST recognition.
Effects of single exposure to toluene on shock avoidance and time estimation in rats. (1987)

Behavioral effects of a single exposure to toluene were investigated on 12 rats by means of a shock avoidance task in a shuttle box. After 10 days of acquisition training, 3 groups of 4 rats were exposed to toluene vapor for 4 hr at concentrations of 8,000, 4,000, and 2,000 ppm. The maintenance of shock avoidance and time estimation was examined immediately after, and at the 3rd and 6th hr after the 4 hr toluene exposure. No avoidance response occurred immediately after 8,000 ppm toluene exposure, but it was recovered by the 3rd hr after exposure. Both 4,000 and 2,000 ppm toluene exposures increased the percentage of avoidance response. The response latencies (RLs) were significantly shortened after toluene exposure and the relative frequency distribution of RLs was shifted toward a shorter RL. The shortening of RLs could be attributed not only to the excitatory effect of toluene but also to the acceleration of response initiation. It is possible that toluene-exposed rats estimated the time interval to be longer than the real time, and that this over-estimation of the time interval hastened the timing of response initiation.
Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2002)

Series Preface Author s Preface Acronyms, Abbreviation and Symbols About Author Introduction Introduction to sensors Sensors and biosensors definitions Aspects of sensors Transduction Elements Electrochemical transducers introduction Potentiometry and ion selective electrodes: Nernst equation Voltammetry and amperometry Conductivity Field effect transistors Modified electrodes, thin film electrodes, microelectrodes and screen printed electrodes Photometric sensors Sensing Elements Introduction Ionic recognition Molecular recognition chemical recognition agents Molecular recognition spectroscopic recognition Molecular recognition biological recognition agents Immobilisation of biological component Performance Factors Introduction Selectivity Sensitivity Time factors Precision, accuracy and repeatability Different biomaterials Different transducers Some factors affecting performance of sensors Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Potentiometric sensors ion selective electrodes Potentiometric biosensors Amperometric sensors Conductometric sensors and biosensors Applications of FET sensors Photometric Applications Techniques for optical sensors Visible absorption spectroscopy Fluorescent reagents Indirect methods using competitive binding Reflection methods Light scattering techniques Mass Sensitive and Thermal Sensors The piezo electric effect Surface acoustic waves Thermal sensors Some Specific Applications Determination of glucose in blood amperometric biosensor Determination of ng levels of copper (I) in water using anodic stripping voltammetry using an electrode modified with a complexing agent Determination of several ions simultaneously the laboratory on a chip Determination of ato mole levels of trinitrotoluene (TNT) antibody with a luminescent transducer Determination of flavanols in beers
Effects of tubulin acetylation and tubulin acetyltransferase binding on microtubule structure (2013)

Tubulin undergoes posttranslational modifications proposed to specify microtubule subpopulations for particular functions. Most of these modifications occur on the C-termini of tubulin and may directly affect the binding of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) or motors. Acetylation of Lys-40 on α-tubulin is unique in that it is located on the luminal surface of microtubules, away from the interaction sites of most MAPs and motors. We investigate whether acetylation alters the architecture of microtubules or the conformation of tubulin, using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). No significant changes are observed based on protofilament distributions or microtubule helical lattice parameters. Furthermore, no clear differences in tubulin structure are detected between cryo-EM reconstructions of maximally deacetylated or acetylated microtubules. Our results indicate that the effect of acetylation must be highly localized and affect interaction with proteins that bind directly to the lumen of the microtubule. We also investigate the interaction of the tubulin acetyltransferase, αTAT1, with microtubules and find that αTAT1 is able to interact with the outside of the microtubule, at least partly through the tubulin C-termini. Binding to the outside surface of the microtubule could facilitate access of αTAT1 to its luminal site of action if microtubules undergo lateral opening between protofilaments.
Human Case of<i>Streptococcus suis</i>Serotype 16 Infection (2008)

Streptococcus suis infection is an emerging zoonosis in Southeast Asia. We report a fatal case of S. suis serotype 16 infection in a Vietnamese man in 2001.
Examination of Gene Loss in the DNA Mismatch Repair Pathway and Its Mutational Consequences in a Fungal Phylum (2021)

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway corrects mismatched bases produced during DNA replication and is highly conserved across the tree of life, reflecting its fundamental importance for genome integrity. Loss of function in one or a few MMR genes can lead to increased mutation rates and microsatellite instability, as seen in some human cancers. Although loss of MMR genes has been documented in the context of human disease and in hypermutant strains of pathogens, examples of entire species and species lineages that have experienced substantial MMR gene loss are lacking. We examined the genomes of 1,107 species in the fungal phylum Ascomycota for the presence of 52 genes known to be involved in the MMR pathway of fungi. We found that the median ascomycete genome contained 49/52 MMR genes. In contrast, four closely related species of obligate plant parasites from the powdery mildew genera Erysiphe and Blumeria, have lost between five and 21 MMR genes, including MLH3, EXO1, and DPB11. The lost genes span MMR functions, include genes that are conserved in all other ascomycetes, and loss of function of any of these genes alone has been previously linked to increased mutation rate. Consistent with the hypothesis that loss of these genes impairs MMR pathway function, we found that powdery mildew genomes with higher levels of MMR gene loss exhibit increased numbers of mononucleotide runs, longer microsatellites, accelerated sequence evolution, elevated mutational bias in the A|T direction, and decreased GC content. These results identify a striking example of macroevolutionary loss of multiple MMR pathway genes in a eukaryotic lineage, even though the mutational outcomes of these losses appear to resemble those associated with detrimental MMR dysfunction in other organisms.
Development of an immunochromatographic test strip and ic-ELISA for tetrabromobisphenol: a detection in lake water and rice pudding samples (2015)

A sensitive and selective indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and an immunochromatographic test strip were developed for the detection of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), an important brominated flame retardant. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against TBBPA was produced and the half inhibition concentration (IC50) was 0.44 ng/ml, with the linear range 0.15–1.32 ng/ml. TBBPA recovery by ic-ELISA was 70.7–108.8% from rice pudding samples and 110.2–119.8% from lake water samples. A sensitive and rapid immunochromatographic test strip was developed using this specific mAb, with a good cut-off value of 25 and 50 ng/ml in lake water and rice pudding samples, respectively. The results of this study revealed that the ic-ELISA and immunochromatographic test strip represent useful methods of TBBPA detection in lake water and rice pudding samples.
Compression of light pulses in photonic crystals (1998)

A study is made of the feasibility of controlling the phase and duration of short laser pulses with the aid of dispersive properties of photonic crystals. Pulse compression and phase modulation in one-dimensional structures with photonic band gaps are investigated analytically and numerically. It is shown that photonic crystals with a cubic optical nonlinearity can be used to reduce the duration of laser pulses, right down to several periods of an optical field, in structures with spatial dimensions typically less than a millimetre. The physical factors which limit the minimum duration of light pulses compressed in such photonic crystal structures are identified.
A tunable photonic microwave notch filter based on all-optical mixing (2005)

A novel photonic microwave notch filter based on all-optical mixing using a single narrow-linewidth optical source is proposed. In the proposed filter, the optical carrier emitted from a laser source is externally intensity modulated by a subcarrier signal and then applied to a second intensity modulator, which is driven by a local radio-frequency (RF) source with a dc bias to suppress the even-order sidebands. Since the higher odd-order sidebands have a much lower power than the first-order sidebands, only two first-order sidebands are considered with the subcarrier signal transferred to the two sidebands via optical mixing. By using a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating as a dispersive device to introduce time delays, a two-tap photonic microwave notch filter is realized. The tunability of the proposed filter is achieved by adjusting the frequency of the local RF signal. Based on the proposed architecture, a two-tap microwave notch filter with a free spectral range tunable from 2.1 to 4.2 GHz is experimentally demonstrated.
N,N-Di<i>aryl</i>anilinosquaraines and Their Application to Organic Photovoltaics (2011)

We report new derivatives of symmetric squaraine dyes with N,N-diarylanilino substituents that have high solubility and high absorptivity (ε = 0.71–4.1 × 105 M–1 cm–1) in the red solar spectral region (λmax = 645–694 nm) making them promising candidates for application in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Unsymmetrical N,N-diisobutylanilino- and N,N-diphenylanilino(diphenylamino)squaraines have also been prepared that give blue-shifted absorption spectra (λmax = 529–535 nm) relative to their symmetric counterparts. Compared to bis(N,N-diisobutylanilino)squaraine, both symmetrical and unsymmetrical N,N-diarylanilino squaraines show markedly broader absorption bands in solution than their N,N-dialkylanilino squaraine counterparts: the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) for N,N-diarylanilino squaraines range from 1280–1980 cm–1, while the fwhm value for the N,N-diisobutylanilino squarine is only 630 cm–1. The absorption bands for thin films of N,N-diarylanilino squaraines broaden further to 2500–3300 cm–1. N,N-Diarylanilino squaraines are fluorescent, albeit with lower quantum yields than bis(N,N-diisobutylanilino)squaraine (ϕPL = 0.02–0.66 and 0.80, respectively). OPVs were prepared with solution processed squaraine layers using the following structure: ITO/squaraine (66–85 Å)/C60 (400 Å)/BCP (100 Å)/Al (1000 Å), BCP = bathocuproine. Devices using thin films of the bis(N,N-diarylanilino)squaraines as donor layers show improved performance relative to OPVs prepared with bis(N,N-dialkylanilino)squaraines, i.e. bis(N,N-diisobutylanilino)squaraine: open-circuit voltage Voc = 0.59 ± 0.05 V, short-circuit current Jsc = 5.58 ± 0.16 mA/cm2, fill factor FF = 0.56 ± 0.03, and power conversion efficiency η = 1.8 ± 0.2% under 1 sun, AM1.5G simulated illumination, compared with bis(N,N-diphenylanilino)squaraine: Voc = 0.82 ± 0.02 V, Jsc = 6.71 ± 0.10 mA/cm2, FF = 0.59 ± 0.01, and η = 3.2 ± 0.1%. Morphological studies of thin films suggest that the solubility of bis(N,N-diarylanilino)squaraines plays an important role in controlling the optoelectronic properties of the OPVs.
Stictionless Magnetorheological Technology (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents an investigation into prototype magnetorheological (MR) fluid controllable damping technology that utilizes no sliding seals for operation. The result is viscous damping without stiction and wear associated with the abrasive nature of MR fluid. The goal of this effort was MR hardware technology whose performance can be precisely predicted for semi-active, closed loop control. An additional benefit of this effort is long-life MR hardware not subject to wear caused by fluid abrasion. It is desired that this technology be transitioned into widespread commercial applications. Results of this effort, the theoretical model, analysis, and supporting data are included.</div>
Pupil Dilation Dynamics Track Attention to High-Level Information (2014)

It has long been thought that the eyes index the inner workings of the mind. Consistent with this intuition, empirical research has demonstrated that pupils dilate as a consequence of attentional effort. Recently, Smallwood et al. (2011) demonstrated that pupil dilations not only provide an index of overall attentional effort, but are time-locked to stimulus changes during attention (but not during mind-wandering). This finding suggests that pupil dilations afford a dynamic readout of conscious information processing. However, because stimulus onsets in their study involved shifts in luminance as well as information, they could not determine whether this coupling of stimulus and pupillary dynamics reflected attention to low-level (luminance) or high-level (information) changes. Here, we replicated the methodology and findings of Smallwood et al. (2011) while controlling for luminance changes. When presented with isoluminant digit sequences, participants' pupillary dilations were synchronized with stimulus onsets when attending, but not when mind-wandering. This replicates Smallwood et al. (2011) and clarifies their finding by demonstrating that stimulus-pupil coupling reflects online cognitive processing beyond sensory gain.
GI24 enhances tumor invasiveness by regulating cell surface membrane‐type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (2010)

GI24, an immunoglobulin superfamily member, has been cloned from a placenta cDNA library as a gene product that promoted activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 mediated by membrane type (MT) 1-MMP. Co-expression of GI24 with MT1-MMP in HEK293T cells increased the cell-surface level of MT1-MMP concomitant with the cleavage of the GI24 at the juxtamembrane site to shed the extracellular domain. HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells stably transfected with the GI24 gene expressed a higher level of MT1-MMP and showed more invasive ability in collagen gel than the control cells. GI24 was cleaved in HT1080 cells, which was blocked by the administration of MMP inhibitor BB94 or transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting MT1-MMP. GI24 expression is relatively high in some squamous carcinoma and hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Transfection of siRNA for GI24 into oral squamous carcinoma-derived HSC-4 cells, which express GI24 and MT1-MMP genes reduced the expression of not only GI24 but also MT1-MMP, and attenuated invasive growth in the collagen matrix. These results suggest that GI24 contributes to tumor-invasive growth in the collagen matrix by augmenting cell surface MT1-MMP.
스폰서십의 설득의도성에 대한 소비자 반응 (2011)

Over the last twenty years, sponsorship has been used very widely as an important marketing tool that enhances corporate image. Since it has proven to be effective in creating positive perceptions of the company, many marketers have sponsored a variety of consumer-related activities. However, sponsorship has also been criticized as it can be related to ambush marketing and excessive commercialism which trigger negative consumer responses. Unlike the existing study on the sponsorship marketing, this study intends to investigate its negative effects. The study was conducted based on the persuasion knowledge model which was proposed by Fristed and Wright (1994) and investigated consumer responses to ulterior motive of sponsorship marketing. According to the persuasion knowledge model, consumers activate their persuasion knowledge to see the agent`s commercial motive; there are several antecedents to the persuasion knowledge activation such as the source familiarity, the marketer`s effort and the appropriateness of persuasion. Also, existing studies have pointed out the sponsor-event fit and the sponsor`s integrity as crucial factors which influence consumer attitude. By taking a survey of people who watched the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, we tried to examine how the sponsor familiarity and the sponsor-event fit as pre-existing variables which have been formed based on the prior consumer knowledges/memories as well as the sponsor effort and the sponsor integrity as situational variables activated based on the specific persuasion episode influenced persuasion knowledge. We also tried to test the potential moderating role of sponsorship type (i.e., official sponsorship versus marketing focused) on the causal path from the persuasion knowledge and the consumer attitude from the perspective of the appropriateness of persuasion. The results show that the sponsor familiarity, the sponsor-event fit, and the marketer`s effort have significant effects on the persuasion knowledge activation, and the sponsorship type has moderating role in the sponsorship effectiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.