gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GLI2 Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Medulloblastoma (2011)

To determine whether the zinc finger transcription factors GLI1 to GLI3 and suppressor of fused (SUFU) components of the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway may be prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in pediatric medulloblastoma (MB), we investigated the relationship of the expression of these proteins to prognosis in the MB of 124 patients who had undergone surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). The expressions of GLI1 (p = 0.011) and GLI2 (p = 0.003), but not of GLI3 (p = 0.774) or SUFU (p = 0.137), in the MB were associated with a worse overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Overall survival of patients positive for GLI1 and GLI2 was 6.01 ± 0.85 years and 5.27 ± 1.44 years, respectively, versus 10.11 ± 1.52 years and 10.18 ± 0.22 years for patients negative for GLI1 and GLI2, respectively. Knockdown of GLI2 in 3 MB cell lines resulted in decreased cell number and viability, as determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay; knockdown of GLI1 had no effect. The decrease in cell number with GLI2 knockdown was caused by G0 cell cycle arrest; there was no induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that targeting the Sonic hedgehog pathway in positive patients may be a useful adjuvant therapeutic strategy for MB.
Control of Indoor Radon Decay Products by Air Treatment Devices (1983)

An evaluation of the efficacy of household air cleaning devices as a means to control radon decay products in existing buildings is presented. Previous research on air cleaning methods for airborne radon decay products has been directed primarily to the control of radon decay products in mines and has only limited application to control in residences where dust concentration, air change rate, and humidity are lower than in mines. Results show that room size air cleaners can achieve substantial reductions in working levels in residences. Reductions observed at air infiltration rates of 0.52 air changes per hour ranged from 58 to 89%. Although the two air cleaners tested produced the greatest reductions, the low cost, simplicity, and other benefits of air circulating fans, particularly the ceiling fan, appear to make them most suitable for residences. (JMT)
A Study of the Sequential Acid-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Dodecahydro-<i>c</i><i>loso</i>-dodecaborate(2−) (2000)

The closo-[B12H12-n(OH)n]2- (n = 1-4) ions have been synthesized by the reaction of cesium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(2-), Cs21, with aqueous sulfuric acid. Variation of the reaction temperature, time, and acid concentration results in the stepwise introduction of from one to four hydroxyl groups. Each individual hydroxylation step proceeds regioselectively, affording only one isomer per step. Further substitution of the hydroxylated cluster preferentially takes place at a B-H vertex meta to a B-OH vertex. The closo-[B12H12-n(OH)n]2- (n = 1-4) species, designated 2-5, respectively, are characterized by one- and two-dimensional 11B NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and high-resolution fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. A rationale that qualitatively explains the influence of the hydroxyl group on the chemical shifts of the individual boron vertices is developed. Furthermore, the solid state structures of closo-[B12H11(OH)]2-, 2, and closo-1,7-[B12H10(OH)2]2-,3, are determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data are as follows: For [MePPh3](2)2, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 890.1(5) pm, b = 1814(1) pm, c = 1270.5(7) pm, beta = 101.66(2) degrees, Z = 2, R = 0.055; for [MePPh3](2)3, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 887.6(4) pm, b = 1847.2(8) pm, c = 1271.1(5) pm, beta = 101.17(1) degrees, Z = 2, R = 0.065. In addition, synthetic routes to O-derivatized species of the anions 2-5 such as closo-[B12H11(OTiCpCl2)]2-, 7, closo-1,7-[B12H10(OTiCpCl2)2]2-, 8, closo-1,7,9-[B12H9(OTiCpCl2)3]2-, 9, closo-[B12H11(OCONHPh)]2-, 10, and closo-1,7-[B12H10(OSO2Me)2]2-, 11, are described. The crystal structures of 7 and 11 are determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data are as follows: For [MePPh3](2)7, monoclinic, space group Cc, a = 2530.5(2) pm, b = 1653.3(1) pm, c = 1281.3(1) pm, beta = 118.79(2) degrees, Z = 4, R = 0.085; for [HPy](2)11, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 1550.9(8) pm, b = 993.1(5) pm, c = 1726.5(9) pm, beta = 112.36(2) degrees, Z = 4, R = 0.061.
A cascaded continuous-time /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ Modulator with 67-dB dynamic range in 10-MHz bandwidth (2004)

This paper presents the design of a 2-2 cascaded continuous-time sigma-delta modulator. The cascaded modulator comprises two stages with second-order continuous-time resonator loopfilters, 4-bit quantizers, and feedback digital-to-analog converters. The digital noise cancellation filter design is determined using continuous-time to discrete-time transformation of the sigma-delta loopfilter transfer functions. The required matching between the analog and digital filter coefficients is achieved by means of simple digital calibration of the noise cancellation filter. Measurement results of a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS prototype chip demonstrate 67-dB dynamic range in a 10-MHz bandwidth at 8 times oversampling for a single continuous-time cascaded modulator. Two cascaded modulators in quadrature configuration provide 20-MHz aggregate bandwidth. Measured anti-alias suppression is over 50 dB for input signals in the band from 150 to 170 MHz around the sampling frequency of 160 MHz.
Circuit sensitivity to interconnect variation (1998)

Deep submicron technology makes interconnect one of the main factors determining the circuit performance. Previous work shows that interconnect parameters exhibit a significant amount of spatial variation. In this work, we develop approaches to study the influence of the interconnect variation on circuit performance and to evaluate the circuit sensitivity to interconnect parameters. First, an accurate interconnect modeling technique is presented, and an interconnect model library is developed. Then, we explore an approach using parameterized interconnect models to study circuit sensitivity via a ring oscillator circuit. Finally, we present an alternative approach using statistical experimental design techniques to study the sensitivity of a large and complicated circuit to interconnect variations.
Detection of Platelet Alloantibodies by Flow Cytometry: Characterization and Clinical Significance (1986)

A flow cytometric technic was developed to detect platelet alloantibodies in patients who had received multiple platelet transfusions. All clinically alloimmunized patients had IgG alloantibodies, whereas the nonalloimmunized patients were within the range of the normal controls. There was a negative correlation between the IgG level and the platelet increment. IgM and IgA alloantibodies also were detected in some patients. When they were present in addition to IgG, the platelet increment appeared to be reduced further.
Concentrations of methylated naphthalenes, anthracenes, and phenanthrenes occurring in Czech river sediments and their effects on toxic events associated with carcinogenesis in rat liver cell lines (2007)

Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important environmental pollutants. In the present study, we determined levels of monomethylated naphthalenes (MeNap), phenanthrenes (MePhe), and anthracenes (MeAnt) in Czech river sediments. The levels of MePhe generally were lower than the concentrations of phenanthrene. In contrast, both MeNap and MeAnt were found at levels higher than their respective parent compounds in the majority of sampling sites. We then investigated their aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity, accumulation of phosphorylated p53 protein, induction of expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and effects on cell proliferation in rat liver cell models to evaluate the relative importance of these toxicity mechanisms of low-molecular-weight methylated PAHs. Methylated phenanthrene and anthracene compounds were weak inducers of AhR-mediated activity as determined both in a reporter gene assay system and by detection of the endogenous gene (Cyp1a1) induction. 2-Methylphenanthrene was the most potent AhR ligand. Contribution of MeAnt and MePhe to overall AhR-inducing potencies should be taken into account in PAH-contaminated environments. Nevertheless, their effects on AhR were not sufficient to modulate cell proliferation in a normal rat liver progenitor cell model system. These PAHs only had a marginal effect on p53 phosphorylation at high doses of 1-, 3-, and 9-MePhe as well as 1 MeAnt. On the other hand, both 2- and 9-MeAnt as well as all the MePhe under study were efficient inhibitors of GJIC, suggesting that these compounds might act as tumor promoters. In summary, inhibition of GJIC and partial activation of AhR seem to be the most prominent toxic effects of the methylated PAHs in the present study.
Two-step barrier diodes (1988)

Transmission probabilities and current densities of a two-step barrier heterostructure are calculated within the effective-mass approximation as a function of electron energy and applied bias. This system shows negative differential resistance under forward bias, because of a quasibound state in a triangular well, and no resonance under reverse bias, in the current density. The two-step barrier diode may show negative resistance in an ac field in the absence of a dc bias.
Adversarial Audio Synthesis (2018)

Audio signals are sampled at high temporal resolutions, and learning to synthesize audio requires capturing structure across a range of timescales. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have seen wide success at generating images that are both locally and globally coherent, but they have seen little application to audio generation. In this paper we introduce WaveGAN, a first attempt at applying GANs to unsupervised synthesis of raw-waveform audio. WaveGAN is capable of synthesizing one second slices of audio waveforms with global coherence, suitable for sound effect generation. Our experiments demonstrate that, without labels, WaveGAN learns to produce intelligible words when trained on a small-vocabulary speech dataset, and can also synthesize audio from other domains such as drums, bird vocalizations, and piano. We compare WaveGAN to a method which applies GANs designed for image generation on image-like audio feature representations, finding both approaches to be promising.
Nanomagnetism : Fundamentals and Applications : Frontiers of Nanoscience Volume 6 (2014)

Nanomagnetism: Fundamentals and Applications is a complete guide to the theory and practical applications of magnetism at the nanometer scale. It covers a wide range of potential applications including materials science, medicine, and the environment. A tutorial covers the special magnetic properties of nanoscale systems in various environments, from free clusters to nanostructured materials. Subsequent chapters focus on the current state of research in theory and experiment in specific areas, and also include applications of nanoscale systems to synthesizing high-performance materials and devices.

	
		The only book on nanomagnetism to cover such a wide area of applications
	
		Includes a tutorial section that covers all the fundamental theory
	
		Serves as a comprehensive guide for people entering the field
The syntheses of three highly unsaturated marine lipid hydrocarbons (2001)

Starting from (all-Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid (EPA), syntheses of the naturally occurring hydrocarbons (all-Z)-henicosa-1,6,9,12,15,18-hexaene (1), (all-Z)-pentadeca-3,6,9,12-tetraen-1-yne (2, laurencenyne) and the corresponding 3E-isomer 3 (trans-laurencenyne) have been accomplished.
A predictive parallel motion estimation algorithm for digital image processing (2002)

An efficient block matching algorithm (BMA) for motion estimation is presented. This BMA exploits motion correlation of neighbor blocks in the temporal direction to reduce the search area. Instead of finding the 2D motion vector directly, this BMA finds two 1D displacements in parallel on two axes independently within the reduced search area. Simulation results show that this algorithm can rival conventional BMAs for performance. The hardware-oriented features of this BMA guarantee that it is more suitable for the hardware realization of a VLSI motion estimator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multifunctional nanoparticles as biocompatible targeted probes for human cancer diagnosis and therapy (2009)

The use of nanoparticles in biological application has been rapidly advancing toward practical applications in human cancer diagnosis and therapy. Upon linking the nanoparticles with biomolecules, they can be used to locate cancerous area as well as for traceable drug delivery with high affinity and specificity. In this review, we discuss the engineering of multifunctional nanoparticle probes and their use in bioimaging and nanomedicine.
Absolution (2021)

I first met Minnie in 1955, when our driver, Sam Earl, brought her to the house one Sunday after lunch. Sam was a thin, stooped man of indeterminate age with straight black hair and was so light skinned and “white” featured that he’d often be taken for a white man. It became a joke around the house. My father, Judge Poole, often spoke of the time a white lady from Atlanta had tried to make Sam sit down beside her on the bus. She made such a fuss that, finally, Sam Earl had to tell her he was colored. The white riders laughed so hard that the driver threatened to put them off the bus if they didn’t quiet down and let him drive
Bovine Surfactant (Surfactant TA) Therapy in Immature Baboons with Hyaline Membrane Disease (1985)

As a prelude to clinical trials with a bovine surfactant (surfactant TA), in human infants with hyaline membrane disease, pulmonary and hemodynamic changes following its instillation in premature baboons were investigated. Baboons, delivered by cesarean section at 141 +/- 3.5 days (mean +/- SD, 77% gestation), were provided with intensive care. At 2 hours of age in one group (n = 10), 100 mg/kg of surfactant TA (reconstituted bovine surfactant, Tokyo Tanabe Co., Tokyo) was instilled into the lungs. Sequential measurements and monitoring of pulmonary and hemodynamic variables were carried out in these ten baboons and in a control group of five baboons for 16 hours, at which time the experiments were electively terminated. At birth, the pulmonary compliance, findings of chest radiographs, ratio of arterial PO2 to alveolar PO2, and respirator variables needed to maintain normal blood gas and acid base status were identical in both groups and indicative of severe hyaline membrane disease. Following surfactant instillation, the treated group demonstrated a rapid increase in PO2 with significantly improved ratio of arterial PO2 to alveolar PO2 (from a mean +/- SD pretreatment value of 0.21 +/- 0.11 to 0.45 +/- 0.11 by 16 hours). Pulmonary compliance improved similarly (from pretreatment value of 0.18 +/- 0.06 mL/cm H2O/kg to 0.27 +/- 0.09 mL/cm H2O/kg). Significant reduction in respirator support variables could be achieved in all treated animals; however, in the control animals, the pulmonary status worsened as evidenced by increasing mean airway pressure and respirator variables to keep normal blood gas and acid base status, thus worsening compliance. At autopsy, pulmonary pressure-volume curves were significantly different with large hysteresis obtained in the surfactant-treated group. Although no deleterious effect on hemodynamics was noted in surfactant TA-treated animals, a large patent ductus arteriosus was demonstrated by aortography. Increased lung blood flow, probably due to a large patent ductus arteriosus flow, was demonstrated by radiolabeled microsphere technique. The physiologic significance and clinical relevance of these findings in premature baboons treated with surfactant TA are discussed.
Genomic characterization and physical mapping of two fucosyltransferase genes in<i>Medicago truncatula</i> (2005)

Fucosyltransferases catalyse fucose transfer onto oligosaccharides. Two fucosylated structures have been identified in plants: the alpha1,4-fucosylated Lewis-a epitope and the alpha1,3-fucosylated core. Here we report the cloning, genomic characterization, and physical mapping of two genes encoding proteins similar to alpha1,4-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.65, MtFUT1) and alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.214, MtFUT2) in Medicago truncatula. Analysis of the genomic organization of the fucosyltransferase genes in M. truncatula, revealed the presence of two genomic variants of the MtFUT1 gene coding sequence, one containing a single intron and the other intronless, whereas in MtFUT2, the gene coding region is interrupted by four introns. Using for the first time fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to physically map fucosyltransferase genes in plants, this study reveals a high genomic dispersion of these genes in Medicago. The MtFUT1 genes are mapped on chromosomes 4, 7, and 8, colocalizing on three of the five MtFUT2 loci. Chromosomes 1 and 5 carry the additional MtFUT2 loci. Moreover, the intensity of the FISH signals reveals marked differences in the number of gene copies per locus for both genes. Simultaneous mapping of rRNA genes on chromosome 5 shows that several MTFUT2 gene loci are inserted within the rDNA array. Insertions of coding DNA sequences into the rDNA repeats were never reported to date.
Demonstration of ErSiO superlattice crystal waveguide toward optical amplifiers and emitters (2008)

Abstract ErSiO superlattice crystal (SC) waveguide is demonstrated. ErSiO‐SC film was formed on a SiO 2 /Si substrate. After the ErSiO preform formation by sol–gel method, high temperature anneal for the crystallization was performed in Ar atmosphere. Then the ErSiO‐SC layer thickness is 220 nm. Then refractive index of ErSiO‐SC was estimated to be 1.8 by ellipsometry and reflection spectroscopy measurements. To obtain the lateral optical confinement, polymer cladding layer ( n = 1.54) was coated on the ErSiO‐SC film and the strip‐loaded structures with 5 μm width were formed by focused ion beam (FIB) etching. The optical confinement factor Γ of the ErSiO‐SC waveguide layer was estimated to be 0.42, assuming the lateral confinement factor was 1 because of the sufficient wide waveguide for the light. Optical pumping was performed by using a 1480 nm laser diode through the lensed fiber. The pumping power is 30 mW at the fiber input. Green light emissions corresponding to 4f intra‐shell transitions from 4 S 3/2 and 2 H 11/2 to 4 I 15/2 in the Er 3+ ions, indicating cooperative upconversion in the ErSiO‐SC waveguide, can be observed by using a conventional CCD system at room temperature. The upconversion emission behaviour through the waveguide with a photon trap for the 1480 nm light reveals that the 1480 nm pumping light is well‐confined into the waveguide. The cooperative upconversion as the gain limitting factor in the ErSiO‐SC waveguide are discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SoilCam: A Fully Automated Minirhizotron using Multispectral Imaging for Root Activity Monitoring (2020)

A minirhizotron is an in situ root imaging system that captures components of root system architecture dynamics over time. Commercial minirhizotrons are expensive, limited to white-light imaging, and often need human intervention. The implementation of a minirhizotron needs to be low cost, automated, and customizable to be effective and widely adopted. We present a newly designed root imaging system called SoilCam that addresses the above mentioned limitations. The imaging system is multi-modal, i.e., it supports both conventional white-light and multispectral imaging, with fully automated operations for long-term in-situ monitoring using wireless control and access. The system is capable of taking 360° images covering the entire area surrounding the tube. The image sensor can be customized depending on the spectral imaging requirements. The maximum achievable image quality of the system is 8 MP (Mega Pixel)/picture, which is equivalent to a 2500 DPI (dots per inch) image resolution. The length of time in the field can be extended with a rechargeable battery and solar panel connectivity. Offline image-processing software, with several image enhancement algorithms to eliminate motion blur and geometric distortion and to reconstruct the 360° panoramic view, is also presented. The system is tested in the field by imaging canola roots to show the performance advantages over commercial systems.
Calcium Carbonate Dissolution and Precipitation in Water: Factors Affecting the Carbonate Saturometer Method (2021)

The carbonate saturometer method developed by Weyl (1961) was studied in respect to the effect of several variables on the solubility of carbonates. The solubility of three solid carbonate materials was measured in four different salt solutions, at four ionic strengths, and at two different temperatures . The solids studied included: calcite, dolomite, and a calcareous soil. It was found that the three solid carbonate materials varied in solubility from a low in the soil carbonates to a high in dolomite. Increasing the ionic strength of the solution increased the solubility of most of the solid carbonate materials. By decreasing the temperature, the solubility was increased. When S04- was present in solution, the solubility of both calcium carbonate and dolomite increased. When Mg++ was present in solution the solubility of calcium carbonate was increased more than was the solubility of dolomite.
Inversion recovery image reconstruction with multiseed region‐growing spin reversal (1996)

A new algorithm is introduced for inversion recovery (IR) image reconstruction. The original complex image is modeled as a product of three factors: magnitude, polarity, and a smoothly changing phase factor. The simple binary polarity factor is first unified by a region-growing spin reversal (RGSR) operation, allowing the phase factor to be extracted. Multiplying the complex conjugate of the phase factor with the original complex data yields the desired IR contrast. The RGSR process is repeated with multiple seeds distributed in the field of view (FOV), and the results are added together, enabling disconnected tissues in the FOV to be handled. The extracted phase factor is filtered to reduce noise and artifacts, without losing useful information. The method is fully automatic and has been used practically in a large number of clinical examinations. The algorithm may also be useful for phase correction in simple proton spectroscopic imaging.
Preventing Bad Memories: Is It Ethical? (2008)

Terrorist attack, robbery, rape, and assault are a few of the many extreme stressors known to induce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. as "persistent reexperiencing of [a] traumatic event, persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma...and persistent symptoms of increased arousal" According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 7.7 million adult Americans suffer from PTSD, with women about twice as likely to be affected Studies have shown that anywhere from 3 to 58 percent of individuals who suffer an extreme traumatic stressor go on to develop PTSD