gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A wide-range alignment system for x-ray lithography (1981)

A new wafer alignment mark is introduced which, when used in conjunction with a linear Fresnel zone plate on the mask, results in an alignment method with a wide range while retaining the high resolution implicit in the method. This new mark eliminates the need for several separate marks with different alignment ranges and/or accurate prealignment of the mask−wafer system. If a large mark is used, as is needed for the initial alignment in a step and repeat system, a unique point of alignment is determined even if the initial misalignment is as large as the mark, in this case initial misalignment as large as ±1 mm. When it is desirable to occupy less wafer area with alignment marks, the alignment signal can be attained by using a portion of this configuration with a range of ±50 μm. The optimum operating conditions which result from theoretical analysis of this alignment system are discussed, and the results of experiments using this technique are given.
A system for three-dimensional dosimetric verification of treatment plans in intensity-modulated radiotherapy with heavy ions (1999)

The introduction of dynamic intensity modulation into radiotherapy using conventional photon beams or scanning particle beams requires additional and efficient methods of dose verification. Dose measurements in dynamically generated dose distributions with a single ionization chamber require a complete application of the treatment field for each single measurement. Therefore measurements are performed by simultaneous use of multiple ionization chambers. The measurement is performed by a computer controlled system and is comprised of the following steps: (a) automated positioning of the ionization chambers, (b) measurement at these points, (c) a comparison with the calculated dose from the treatment planning system, and (d) documentation of the measurement. The ionization chambers are read out by a multichannel electrometer and are densely packed into a mounting of polymethylmetacrylate, which is attached to the arm of a three-dimensional motor- driven water phantom. The measured and planned dose values are displayed numerically as well as graphically. The mean deviation between measured and planned doses as well as their standard deviation are calculated and displayed. Through printouts complete documentation of the measurement is obtained and a quick decision can be made whether the dose distribution is acceptable for the patient. The system is now routinely used for dose verification at the heavy ion therapy project at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt. Up to now 242 measurements have been performed for heavy ion treatment of 30 patients. The system allows efficient verification and documentation of carbon ion fields and is in principle also applicable to intensity-modulated photon beams.
Mitigation of underwater radiated noise from a vibrating work barge using a stand-off curtain of large tethered encapsulated bubbles (2012)

A stand-off curtain of encapsulated bubbles with resonance frequencies of approximately 50 Hz was used to attenuate radiated noise from a work barge vibrated by onboard rotating machinery in a lake experiment. The purpose of this experiment was to provide a scale-model of how a noise reduction system of tethered encapsulated bubbles would be deployed to mitigate noise from a shallow water drilling ship. The work reported here is an extension of previous tests which used an array of encapsulated bubbles attached directly to the bottom of the work barge to reduce the radiated sound levels [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 3506 (2012)]. The design of the new stand-off encapsulated bubble curtain is described, including the finite-element model that was developed to aide in the design. The deployment and acoustic testing of the curtain are also described. Results from the tests demonstrate that the system is both practical to deploy and is effective in reducing the underwater noise radiated into the lake from the work barge. [Work supported by Shell Global Solutions.]
Object-Based Temporal Segment Relational Network for Activity Recognition (2018)

Video understanding is the next frontier of computer vision, in which activity recognition plays a major role. Despite the recent improvements in holistic activity recognition, further researching part-based models such as context may allow us to better understand what is important for activities and thus improve our current activity recognition models. This work tackles contextual cues obtained from object detections, in which we posit that objects relevant to an action are related to its spatial arrangement regarding an agent. Based on that, we propose Egocentric Pyramid to encode such spatial relationships. We further extend it by proposing a data-centric approach named Temporal Segment Relational Network (TSRN). Our experiments give support to the hypothesis that object spatiality provides an important clue to activity recognition. In addition, our data-centric approach shows that besides such spatial features, there may be other important information that further enhances the object-based activity recognition, such as co-occurrence, relative size, and temporal information.
Behavioral-level synthesis of heterogeneous BISR reconfigurable ASIC's (1998)

In this paper, behavioral-level synthesis techniques are presented for the design of reconfigurable hardware. The techniques are applicable for synthesis of several classes of designs, including: (1) design for fault tolerance against permanent faults, (2) design for Improved manufacturability, and (3) design of application specific programmable processors (ASPPs)-processors designed to perform any computation from a specified set on a single implementation platform. This paper focuses on design techniques for efficient built-in self-repair (BISR), and thus directly addresses the former two applications. Previous BISR techniques have been based on replacing a failed module with a backup of the same type. We present new heterogeneous BISR methodologies which remove this constraint and enable replacement of a module with a spare of a different type. The approach is based on the flexibility of behavioral-level synthesis to explore the design space. Two behavioral synthesis techniques are developed; the first method is through assignment and scheduling, and the second utilizes transformations. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the approaches.
Design of Length-Compatible Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2012)

Length-compatible low-density parity-check (LC-LDPC) codes are a class of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes which can support a wide range of lengths for a given rate. They may be obtained by applying shortening and puncturing schemes to good LDPC codes. However, this conventional approach does not always guarantee them to have a good performance because their degree distributions may be wildly varied. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to generate a mother code for LC-LDPC codes of a given rate such that their degree distributions are almost the same as the degree distribution of the mother code. Numerical results show that LC-LDPC codes constructed by our approach perform much better than those by the conventional approach.
Safety and activity of IT-139, a ruthenium-based compound, in patients with advanced solid tumours: a first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation phase I study with expansion cohort (2016)

NCT01415297.
Molecular biology of kappa and delta opioid receptors (1994)

The endogenous opioids, enkephalin and dynorphin induce their biological actions by interacting with delta and kappa receptors. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which these peptides induce their physiological effects, we have cloned the kappa and delta opioid receptors from a mouse brain cDNA library. The kappa and delta receptors are 380 and 372 amino acids, respectively, and are 61% identical and 71% similar (1). They have relatively little similarity in amino acid sequence with any other receptors except somatostatin receptors. We have analyzed the pharmacological specificities of these receptors following their transient expression in COS cells or in PC12 and CHO cells stably expressing the individual receptors
Diesel Exhaust/Mine Dust Personal Aerosol Sampler Utilizing Virtual Impactor Technology (1996)

Abstract Research has shown that in coal mines utilizing diesel-powered equipment, the diesel exhaust particles are primarily smaller than 0.8 μm in size, while the mine dust particles are larger than 0.8 μm. Formerly, three-stage personal samplers have been designed for separating the diesel exhaust from the mine dust particles by dividing the respirable particles at a particle size of 0.8 μm. Conventional impactors or cyclones were used to obtain the 0.8-μm cut point and to collect the mine dust particles on an impaction plate substrate or in a foil cup, and the diesel exhaust particles on a filter. However, these samplers had potential problems with particle overloading on the substrates and particles not being collected in conventional filter cassettes. A diesel exhaust/mine dust virtual impactor personal aerosol sampler (VIPAS) has been developed for use in diesel-powered underground coal mines that addresses the shortcomings of the previously designed samplers. The VIPAS consists of the 10-mm cyclone to remove the large, nonrespirable particles, followed by a 0.8-μm cut point virtual impactor and two filter cassettes to divide and collect the two particle size fractions: the respirable coal dust and the respirable diesel particles.
Poly(monophosphazophosphazenes): New Polymers with N:PR3 Side Groups (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(monophosphazophosphazenes): New Polymers with N:PR3 Side GroupsHarry R. Allcock, Susan E. Kuharcik, Christopher T. Morrissey, and Dennis C. NgoCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 26, 7556–7564Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00104a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00104a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Broadband All-Order Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation (2007)

We demonstrate broadband all-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation by applying broadband states of polarization sensing, frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG), and ultrafast pulse shaping techniques.
Training Keyword Spotters with Limited and Synthesized Speech Data (2020)

With the rise of low power speech-enabled devices, there is a growing demand to quickly produce models for recognizing arbitrary sets of keywords. As with many machine learning tasks, one of the most challenging parts in the model creation process is obtaining a sufficient amount of training data. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of synthesized speech data in training small, spoken term detection models of around 400k parameters. Instead of training such models directly on the audio or low level features such as MFCCs, we use a pre-trained speech embedding model trained to extract useful features for keyword spotting models. Using this speech embedding, we show that a model which detects 10 keywords when trained on only synthetic speech is equivalent to a model trained on over 500 real examples. We also show that a model without our speech embeddings would need to be trained on over 4000 real examples to reach the same accuracy.
The High Inertance Free Piston Engine Compressor—Part II: Design and Experimental Evaluation (2013)

Pneumatically actuated robotic systems are attractive alternatives to traditional electromechanical systems due to the power density advantage of pneumatic actuators. This assumes that a power source is available to provide the pneumatic supply at a sufficient energy density to compete with batteries. To this end, a high inertance free liquid piston compressor (HIFLPC) was developed as a portable, efficient, compact power supply for pneumatically actuated systems. This paper presents the model-based design and operation of the HIFLPC, as well as the fabrication and evaluation of an experimental prototype of the device. Efficiency, power output, and other operational characteristics of the prototype are experimentally assessed. A validation of the dynamic model developed for the HIFLPC is conducted, and model-based studies are performed to investigate the influence on system performance by varying liquid piston dynamics.
Quantitative single cell monitoring of protein synthesis at subcellular resolution using fluorescently labeled tRNA (2011)

We have developed a novel technique of using fluorescent tRNA for translation monitoring (FtTM). FtTM enables the identification and monitoring of active protein synthesis sites within live cells at submicron resolution through quantitative microscopy of transfected bulk uncharged tRNA, fluorescently labeled in the D-loop (fl-tRNA). The localization of fl-tRNA to active translation sites was confirmed through its co-localization with cellular factors and its dynamic alterations upon inhibition of protein synthesis. Moreover, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signals, generated when fl-tRNAs, separately labeled as a FRET pair occupy adjacent sites on the ribosome, quantitatively reflect levels of protein synthesis in defined cellular regions. In addition, FRET signals enable detection of intra-populational variability in protein synthesis activity. We demonstrate that FtTM allows quantitative comparison of protein synthesis between different cell types, monitoring effects of antibiotics and stress agents, and characterization of changes in spatial compartmentalization of protein synthesis upon viral infection.
Fluorescent phycobiliprotein conjugates for analyses of cells and molecules. (1982)

The synthesis of a novel class of reagents for fluorescence analyses of molecules and cells is reported. These compounds consist of a highly fluorescent phycobiliprotein conjugated to a molecule having biological specificity. Phycoerythrin-immunoglobulin, phycoerythrin-protein A, and phycoerythrin-avidin conjugates were prepared. These conjugates bind specifically to beads containing a covalently attached target molecule and render them highly fluorescent. Femtomole (10(-15) mole) quantities of phycoerythrin conjugates can be detected because of the high extinction coefficient (epsilon M = 2.4 x 10(6) cm-1 M-1 for 2.4 x 10(5) daltons) and high fluorescence quantum yield (Q = 0.8) of the phycobiliprotein moiety. An important feature of these conjugates is that they emit in the orange-red spectral region, where background fluorescence is less than at shorter wavelengths. Phycoerythrin conjugates are well-suited for two-color flow cytofluorimetric analyses employing a single excitation line. The distributions of Leu antigens (also called OKT antigens) on the surface of T-lymphocytes were analyzed using fluoresceinated antibody as the green-fluorescent stain and biotinylated antibody counter-stained with phycoerythrin-avidin as the red one. This one-laser two-color analysis showed that cells express Leu-3a and Leu-3b or neither antigen. In contrast, the distributions of Leu-2a (a marker of suppressor and cytotoxic T-cells) and Leu-3a (a marker of helper and inducer T-cells) are mutually exclusive. These studies show that phycobiliprotein conjugates can be applied to fluorescence-activated cell sorting and analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence immunoassay.
NIMG-67COMPUTER EXTRACTED TEXTURE DESCRIPTORS FROM DIFFERENT TISSUE COMPARTMENTS WITHIN THE TUMOR HABITAT ON TREATMENT-NAÏVE MRI PREDICT CLINICAL SURVIVAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS (2015)

PURPOSE: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous brain tumor. Currently all GBM patients are given “one-dose-fit-all” treatment. Identification of prognostic markers can allow for personalized therapy options for GBM. The underlying hypothesis of this study is that the heterogeneity in GBM (due to subtle variations in tumor enhancement, cellular density, necrosis that are not visually appreciable on volumetric analysis of MRI) is prognostic and can be captured using computerized texture descriptors extracted from within different tumor compartments (enhancing tumor, necrotic core, edema). These compartments together define tumor “habitat”, and computerized texture features from within the habitat can be predictive of short-term (STS) ( 24-months). METHODS: A total of 58 3Tesla MRI studies (27 STS, 35 LTS) with GdT1C, FLAIR, and T2w protocols were obtained from the TCIA repository. Enhancing tumor, and necrotic regions on Gd-T1 and edematous region jointly on T2w and FLAIR, were segmented by an expert using Slicer 3D. 135 2-D texture descriptors, and volumetric measurements were extracted on a per-voxel basis from each of the 3 sub-regions (tumor, necrosis, edema) on every MRI protocol. Feature selection was used to identify most discriminative features with a random forest classifier trained via 3-fold cross validation. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves were used for analysis, with correction for multiple hypothesis testing to identify features that were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with survival. RESULTS: Contributions from top 15 texture features within the tumor habitat, (edema, necrotic core, enhanced tumor), were together most significantly associated with survival, across Gd-T1-C (p = 0.003), FLAIR (p = 0.006), and T2w (p = 0.04) as compared to individual features, and volumetric measurements from the tumor habitat. CONCLUSION: Computerized texture features when jointly interrogated across compartments within the tumor habitat appear more prognostic of clinical survival in GBMs than features from enhancing tumor and tumor volume alone.
Substrate effect on the formation of hydrogels with heterogeneous network structure (2003)

It was found that when an aqueous solution of vinyl monomers is polymerized on a hydrophobic substrate, obvious heterogeneity occurs in the region of the interface. This substrate effect was observed on polytetrafluroethylene (Teflon), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinylchloride (PVC), but not on hydrophilic substrates. Compared with synthesis on hydrophilic surfaces, the surfaces of hydrogels synthesized on a hydrophobic substrate exhibit a larger degree of swelling, a lower surface coefficient of friction and elastic modulus, weaker interfacial adhesion, and reduced interaction with biological cells. This substrate effect has been observed for many types of aqueous monomer solutions. It was found that the above properties are related to the loosely cross-linked architecture, containing some graft-like polymer chains, that is formed on the gel surface when the gel is prepared on a hydrophobic substrate. To understand the mechanism of the substrate effect, two novel optical methods, electric speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) and real-time laser sheet refraction (RT-LSR), were developed. It was found that oxygen trapped in the composite interface between the monomer solution and rough hydrophobic substrates played an important role in the substrate effect.
A collaborative assistant for email (1999)

Software agents which communicate and collaborate with users to perform complex tasks constitute a new paradigm for human-computer interaction complementing existing graphical interfaces. We have recently completed a prototype agent of this kind for helping people with their email, based on our studies of people working with human assistants and Wizard-of-Oz studies. The prototype was constructed using application-independent software for modeling collaborative discourse (Collagen, see [4]) jointly developed by Lotus and Mitsubishi Electric and speech understanding technology from IBM Research. Users perform typical email tasks via a flexible combination of spoken language conversation with the agent and graphical interface actions (which are observed by the agent). The agent maintains a model of the user's goals and activities, and can act on its own initiative to assist the user. Having a high-level model of actions and goals allows speech to be used in a more natural, conversational, and effective manner than otherwise possible.
Improved substrate structures for InP-based devices (1988)

A substrate structure for an InP-based semiconductor device having an InP-based film is disclosed. The substrate structure includes a substrate region having a light-weight bulk substrate and an upper GaAs layer. An interconnecting region is disposed between the substrate region and the InP-based device. The interconnecting region includes a compositionally graded intermediate layer substantially lattice matched at its one end to the GaAs layer and substantially lattice matched at its opposite end to the InP-based film. The interconnecting region further includes a dislocation mechanism disposed between the GaAs layer and the InP-based film in cooperation with the graded intermediate layer, the buffer mechanism blocking and inhibiting propagation of threading dislocations between the substrate region and the InP-based device. 1 fig.
Carbon-Bound Diazeniumdiolates from the Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Amidines (2005)

[reaction: see text] The enediamine tautomer of a variety of substituted amidine free bases reacts with nitric oxide (NO) to produce compounds containing a carbon-bound diazeniumdiolate [R1R2R3C-N(O)=NO-] functional group (previously called "nitrosohydroxylamines"). The new reaction has been shown to be quite general, although the nature of the products does vary. Amidines containing more than one replaceable hydrogen produce polydiazeniumdiolates as intermolecular salts, while those in which only one diazeniumdiolation can occur provide zwitterionic salts. These diazeniumdiolated amidines are shown to be useful NO donor compounds which undergo very slow spontaneous dissociation on dissolution in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer to produce mixtures of NO and nitrous oxide containing mostly NO. The most advantageous manifestation of the new discovery is the preparation of the monodiazeniumdiolated amidine zwitterions. Reaction of the medically relevant alpha-adrenergic agonists tetrahydrozoline and idazoxan produced monodiazeniumdiolated amidine zwitterions from which NO release was observed for up to 28 days and showed little sign of ending. The reaction should be applicable to a variety of pharmaceutical agents, including NO synthase inhibitors, antitumor agents, and antibacterials.
Control of single crystal morphology of SBA-1 mesoporous silica (2003)

SBA-1 mesoporous silica has been synthesized in different crystal shapes from C18TMACl–sodium silicate–H2SO4–H2O at pH values between 1.0 and 2.0.