gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operation and output pulse characteristics of an extremely compact capillary-discharge tabletop soft-x-ray laser (1997)

We report on the operating parameters and laser output pulse characteristics of an extremely compact discharge-pumped 46.9-nm laser of a size comparable with that of many widely utilized visible and ultraviolet gas lasers. This capillary-discharge laser generated subnanosecond laser pulses with energies of as much as 25microJ by single-pass amplification in an 18.6-cm-long argon-plasma column. Measurements of the laser output energy, pulse width, far-field beam profile, and beam divergence are reported.
Development of a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) Inhibitor, ONO-WG-307: Efficacy in ABC-DLBCL Xenograft Model – Potential Treatment for B-Cell Malignancies, (2011)

Abstract Abstract 3731 Purpose: ONO-WG-307 is a small molecule inhibitor that covalently binds to Btk. Signals from B cell receptors (BCR) play a central role in signal transduction pathways regulating survival, activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B-lineage lymphoid cells. BCR signaling is implicated in the survival of malignant B cells and recent studies indicate that targeting Btk, an essential component of the BCR pathway, may be effective in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. The activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) correlates with poor prognosis and new therapies, preferably chemo-sparing therapies, or as add-on to existing treatment regimens are required to help treat patients with ABC-DLBCL. Therefore, Btk constitutes an interesting therapeutic target, thus the activity of ONO-WG-307 was evaluated in an ABC-DLBCL xenograft model. Methods: Tumor cells (TMD-8) were implanted subcutaneously into female SCID mice. Tumors were allowed to grow to a volume of 100–200 mm3 before the mice were randomized into groups based on tumor size. ONO-WG-307 was administered orally at doses up to 10 mg/kg bid. Tumors were measured two or three times weekly after initiation of treatment, and tumor volumes were determined using the formula volume (=width2xlength)/2. Animals were euthanized when the tumors reached a maximum volume of 2,000 mm3 or after a maximum period of 2 months. In parallel, an exploratory pharmacodynamic marker of Btk inhibition (Phosphorylated-Btk [P-Btk]) was also investigated in vivo. Results: Treatment with ONO-WG-307 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in a TMD-8 xenograft model. Furthermore, parallel analysis of a pharmacodynamic marker, P-Btk, supported that Btk was inhibited and the level of P-Btk inhibition was correlated with the decreased tumor volumes observed in the TMD-8 model. Conclusion: ONO-WG-307 is a highly potent and selective oral Btk inhibitor with evidence of efficacy in the ABC-DLBCL xenograft model, with Btk inhibition further supported using a PD marker. Given the need to treat and overcome disease resistance especially in ABC-DLBCL, the use of a Btk inhibitor is a novel, mechanistic approach to treating B cell malignancies. Additional work is underway, combining ONO-WG-307 with chemotherapy and other targeted agents. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Lossy transmission line passive macromodeling algorithm - three case studies (2002)

The rapid increase in operating speeds, density and complexity of modern integrated circuits has made interconnect analysis a requirement for all state-of-the-art circuit simulators. Recently, a passive closed-form optimal matrix-rational approximation based algorithm has been developed for macromodeling of lossy multiconductor transmission lines. This paper presents three case studies for optimal matrix rational approximation and provides a performance comparison with the conventional lumped discretization.
Phototriggering of Caged Fluorescent Oligodeoxynucleotides (2004)

[Structure: see text] We describe a synthetic route for incorporating a photocleavable (PC) DABSYL moiety and fluorescein at adjacent cytidines in the middle of a 25-mer oligodeoxynucleotide. In hybridization studies, both fluorescein and the photocleavable DABSYL reduced the Tm about 6 degrees C separately. UV irradiation (355 nm, 2 min) removed the PC-DABSYL moiety, which increased the fluorescence intensity 51-fold and restored the melting temperature. Caged fluorescent oligodeoxynucleotides (CFOs) will allow many DNA processes to be controlled with light.
Nanomedicine: Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy through Resonance Energy Transfer Constructed Near‐Infrared Photosensitized Nanoparticles (Adv. Mater. 28/2017) (2017)

In article number 1604789, Gang Han and co-workers utilize a resonance energy transfer mechanism to develop a novel dyad photosensitizer which dramatically boosts NIR photon utility and shows superb tumor-targeted photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) effects with an exceptionally low-power NIR LED. This study offers a new method for designing NIR-absorbing PDT drugs for clinical cancer treatments.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis Systems for Lung Cancer: Challenges and Methodologies (2013)

This paper overviews one of the most important, interesting, and challenging problems in oncology, the problem of lung cancer diagnosis. Developing an effective computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for lung cancer is of great clinical importance and can increase the patient's chance of survival. For this reason, CAD systems for lung cancer have been investigated in a huge number of research studies. A typical CAD system for lung cancer diagnosis is composed of four main processing steps: segmentation of the lung fields, detection of nodules inside the lung fields, segmentation of the detected nodules, and diagnosis of the nodules as benign or malignant. This paper overviews the current state-of-the-art techniques that have been developed to implement each of these CAD processing steps. For each technique, various aspects of technical issues, implemented methodologies, training and testing databases, and validation methods, as well as achieved performances, are described. In addition, the paper addresses several challenges that researchers face in each implementation step and outlines the strengths and drawbacks of the existing approaches for lung cancer CAD systems.
Synthetic diamonds as ionisation chamber radiation detectors in biological environments (1987)

Synthetic diamonds with nitrogen concentrations higher than previously reported in the literature are found to operate very effectively as alpha-particle detectors, as well as detectors for gamma radiation, when operated as ionisation chambers. Certain of the specimens exhibited extensive linear response characteristics when subjected to either alpha particles or gamma radiation of various dose rates. For alpha particles, the response of the detectors at constant particle flux was also found to increase linearly with increasing alpha-particle energy. Unlike previously reported investigations, however, the variation in the response of the synthetic stones to gamma radiation as a function of time was found to be not only more rapid but also to be virtually unaffected by illumination with intense white light.
DEDUCE (2010)

MapReduce and stream processing are two emerging, but different, paradigms for analyzing, processing and making sense of large volumes of modern day data. While MapReduce offers the capability to analyze several terabytes of stored data, stream processing solutions offer the ability to process, possibly, a few million updates every second. However, there is an increasing number of data processing applications which need a solution that effectively and efficiently combines the benefits of MapReduce and stream processing to address their data processing needs. For example, in the automated stock trading domain, applications usually require periodic analysis of large amounts of stored data to generate a model using MapReduce, which is then used to process a stream of incident updates using a stream processing system. This paper presents Deduce, which extends IBM's System S stream processing middleware with support for MapReduce by providing (1) language and runtime support for easily specifying and embedding MapReduce jobs as elements of a larger data-flow, (2) capability to describe reusable modules that can be used as map and reduce tasks, and (3) configuration parameters that can be tweaked to control and manage the usage of shared resources by the MapReduce and stream processing components. We describe the motivation for Deduce and the design and implementation of the MapReduce extensions for System S, and then present experimental results.
The Oms66 (p66) protein is a Borrelia burgdorferi porin (1997)

In this study we report the purification and characterization of a 66-kDa protein, designated Oms66, for outer membrane-spanning 66-kDa protein, that functions as a porin in the outer membrane (OM) of Borrelia burgdorferi. Oms66 was purified by fast-performance liquid chromatography and exhibited an average single-channel conductance of 9.62 +/- 0.37 nS in 1 M KCl, as evidenced by 581 individual insertional events in planar lipid bilayers. Electrophysiological characterization indicated that Oms66 was virtually nonselective between cations and anions and exhibited voltage-dependent closure with multiple substates. The amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides derived from purified Oms66 was identical to the deduced amino acid sequence of p66, a previously described surface-exposed protein of B. burgdorferi. Purified Oms66 was recognized by antiserum specific for p66 and serum from rabbits immune to challenge with virulent B. burgdorferi, indicating that p66 and Oms66 were identical proteins and that Oms66/p66 is an immunogenic protein in infected rabbits. In a methodology that reduces liposomal trapping and nonspecific interactions, native Oms66 was incorporated into liposomes, confirming that Oms66 is an outer membrane-spanning protein. Proteoliposomes containing Oms66 exhibited porin activity nearly identical to that of native, purified Oms66, indicating that reconstituted Oms66 retained native conformation. The use of proteoliposomes reconstituted with Oms66 and other Oms proteins provides an experimental system for determinating the relationship between conformation, protection, and biological function of these molecules.
Peer group image enhancement (2001)

Peer group image processing identifies a "peer group" for each pixel and then replaces the pixel intensity with the average over the peer group. Two parameters provide direct control over which image features are selectively enhanced: area (number of pixels in the feature) and window diameter (window size needed to enclose the feature). A discussion is given of how these parameters determine which features in the image are smoothed or preserved. We show that the Fisher discriminant can be used to automatically adjust the peer group averaging (PGA) parameters at each point in the image. This local parameter selection allows smoothing over uniform regions while preserving features like corners and edges. This adaptive procedure extends to multilevel and color forms of PGA. Comparisons are made with a variety of standard filtering techniques and an analysis is given of computational complexity and convergence issues.
Method of producing superconducting materials in bulk form (1990)

Abstract : Bulk form of superconducting materials are produced by pouring a melt a O2-containing superconducting material into a heated mold, cooling the mold until solidification begins, removing the cast object from the mold, gradually cooling the cast object to prevent the development of thermal stresses, and then annealing the cast, cooled object to restore O2 to near equilibrium levels. The bulk form produced according to the present invention may be used as a sputtering target in the production of wires, or as a bulk form semiconductor. Patent application. (jhd)
Resilient System-on-Chip Designs With NoC Fabrics (2020)

Modern System-on-Chip (SoC) designs integrate a number of third party IPs (3PIPs) that coordinate and communicate through a Network-on-Chip (NoC) fabric to realize system functionality. An important class of SoC security attack involves a rogue IP tampering with the inter-IP communication. These attacks include message snoop, message mutation, message misdirection, IP masquerade, and message flooding. Static IP-level trust verification cannot protect against these SoC-level attacks. In this paper, we analyze the vulnerabilities of system level communication among IPs and develop a novel SoC security architecture that provides system resilience against exploitation by untrusted 3PIPs integrated over an NoC fabric. We show how to address the problem through a collection of fine-grained SoC security policies that enable on-the-fly monitoring and control of appropriate security-relevant events. Our approach, for the first time to our knowledge, provides an architecture-level solution for trusted SoC communication through run-time resilience in the presence of untrusted IPs. We demonstrate viability of our approach on a realistic SoC design through a series of attack models and show that our architecture incurs minimal to modest overhead in area, power, and system latency.
On-chip transient current monitor for testing of low-voltage CMOS IC (1999)

In this paper, on-chip test circuitry performing the transient supply current measurement is presented. The introduced principle makes uses of the parasitic resistance of the supply connection to sense the dynamic supply current. Thus, the monitor does not cause any additional power supply voltage degradation and provides detection capabilities for open defects that usually cause a significant reduction of the I/sub DDT/ current. The proposed monitor does not affect the performance of the CUT and can be efficiently used to test low-voltage CMOS circuits. Significant results summarising possibilities and limitations of the circuit are discussed as well. The design has been implemented together with an experimental CMOS circuit using Alcatel-Mietec 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and its processing is in progress. Evaluation results of the prototype test chips are presented.
Mosquito Noise Reduction Algorithm for Decoded Image (2003)

The mosquito noise and false contour that doesn't exist in the original image sometimes appear in a decoded image. These noises are desirable for us to remove. Thereupon, we propose the new algorithm that mosquito noise is reduced on the basis of the pixel information of a decoded image. First of all, our proposed algorithm calculates the standard deviation by using the luminance of each pixel in the square block.Next, we do the filtering process by using the Epsilon filter algorithm with the standard deviation in each square block. Through several computer experiments, we understood that we were able to reduce mosquito noise by using our proposed algorithm without damaging the quality of the decoded image.
Efficient decoding and training procedures for utterance verification in continuous speech recognition (2002)

It is often necessary in speech recognition to include a mechanism for verifying decoded utterances in order to account for incorrectly decoded vocabulary words and utterances corresponding to words or sounds that are not included in a prespecified lexicon. This paper describes an utterance verification procedure for hidden Markov model (HMM) based continuous speech recognition that is based on a likelihood ratio (LR) criterion. There are two important contributions. The first is a search algorithm which directly optimizes a likelihood ratio criterion. This search algorithm is important because it allows decoding to be performed in speech recognition according to the same measure of confidence that is used in hypothesis testing. The second contribution is a corresponding training procedure for estimating model parameters which also directly optimizes the same likelihood ratio criterion. These techniques are applied to spontaneous spoken queries in the context of a "movie locator" dialog system.
The influence of the crystalline nature of nano-metal oxides on their antibacterial and toxicity properties (2014)

The antibacterial properties of nano-metal oxides (ZnO, CuO) are based on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work reveals that the antibacterial properties of these nano-metal oxides are strongly dependent on their crystalline structure. The antibacterial activity of the nanooxides was tested against four types of bacteria that commonly cause nosocomial infections. The sonochemical method was applied not only for synthesis of nanooxides but also to their coating on textiles. The antibacterial properties of textiles coated with commercial and sonochemically prepared nano-metal oxides were evaluated and compared. The toxicity was evaluated on human lung cells and amphibian embryos, as representative models for inhalation and aquatic toxicology. The sonochemically prepared metal nanooxides are better antimicrobials than commercially available metal oxides with the same particle size range. It was found that the crystallites which have more defects and less organized structure are more toxic. The formation of ROS was studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements for both the sonochemically prepared and commercial samples of ZnO/CuO nanoparticles. A significant increase in the production of radical species was found in the more defective, sonochemically prepared samples, as compared to the commercial ones. Since modulation of the nanoparticle defects influenced their toxicity, the possibility of engineering safer nano-antibacterials is indicated.
Multimodal Transformer Fusion for Continuous Emotion Recognition (2020)

Multimodal fusion increases the performance of emotion recognition because of the complementarity of different modalities. Compared with decision level and feature level fusion, model level fusion makes better use of the advantages of deep neural networks. In this work, we utilize the Transformer model to fuse audio-visual modalities on the model level. Specifically, the multi-head attention produces multimodal emotional intermediate representations from common semantic feature space after encoding audio and visual modalities. Meanwhile, it also can learn long-term temporal dependencies with self-attention mechanism effectively. The experiments, on the AVEC 2017 database, shows the superiority of model level fusion than other fusion strategies. Moreover, we combine the Transformer model and LSTM to further improve the performance, which achieves better results than other methods.
The Influence of Grain Boundary Elements on Properties and Microstructures of P/M Nickel Base Superalloys (2004)

A study was conducted on the influence of grain boundary elements (GBE) on several P/M nickel base superalloys. Evaluations included microstructural response to chemistry and processing, tensile, creep, rupture, and fatigue crack growth testing (FCG). Boron was found to be the most influential element in the study, with increased boron leading to increased grain boundary triple point void formation and tendency for Thermally Induced Porosity (TIP). Boron reduced creep life but increased both rupture life and rupture ductility and slightly reduced hold time crack growth rates. Carbon also influenced microstructure by slightly refining grain size, and slightly reduced creep and hold time crack growth rates. Hafnium had slight impacts on yield strength and hold time crack growth rates. Magnesium overall had negligible effects. Tantalum had several significant effects, improving creep life and reducing crack growth rates. Overall, the results confirm that careful control and optimization of grain boundary chemistries and grain boundary microstructure are necessary to achieve maximum performance of P/M superalloys.
<title>High-temperature ultrasonic sensor for in-situ monitoring of hot isostatic processing</title> (1996)

A sensor has been developed and tested that is capable of emitting and receiving ultrasonic energy at temperatures exceeding 900 degrees C and pressures above 150 MPa. The sensor is based on a unique form of aluminum nitride that retains tits piezoelectric properties at high temperatures. The sensor works with standard ultrasonic pulse-receivers and has demonstrated the capability of measuring workpiece deformation during hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Details of the sensor design, performance, and coupling of the ultrasound to the workpiece are described. Ultrasonic data acquired by the sensor, in situ, during HIP runs and at elevated temperatures in air are presented.
Jockey (2012)

Data processing frameworks such as MapReduce [8] and Dryad [11] are used today in business environments where customers expect guaranteed performance. To date, however, these systems are not capable of providing guarantees on job latency because scheduling policies are based on fair-sharing, and operators seek high cluster use through statistical multiplexing and over-subscription. With Jockey, we provide latency SLOs for data parallel jobs written in SCOPE. Jockey precomputes statistics using a simulator that captures the job's complex internal dependencies, accurately and efficiently predicting the remaining run time at different resource allocations and in different stages of the job. Our control policy monitors a job's performance, and dynamically adjusts resource allocation in the shared cluster in order to maximize the job's economic utility while minimizing its impact on the rest of the cluster. In our experiments in Microsoft's production Cosmos clusters, Jockey meets the specified job latency SLOs and responds to changes in cluster conditions.
Aspect Ratio Model for Radiation-Tolerant Dummy Gate-Assisted n-MOSFET Layout (2014)

In order to acquire radiation-tolerant characteristics in integrated circuits, a dummy gate-assisted n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (DGA n-MOSFET) layout was adopted. The DGA n-MOSFET has a different channel shape compared with the standard n-MOSFET. The standard n-MOSFET has a rectangular channel shape, whereas the DGA n-MOSFET has an extended rectangular shape at the edge of the source and drain, which affects its aspect ratio. In order to increase its practical use, a new aspect ratio model is proposed for the DGA n-MOSFET and this model is evaluated through three-dimensional simulations and measurements of the fabricated devices. The proposed aspect ratio model for the DGA n-MOSFET exhibits good agreement with the simulation and measurement results.
Homogeneously dispersed multimetal oxygen-evolving catalysts (2016)

Earth-abundant first-row (3d) transition metal-based catalysts have been developed for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER); however, they operate at overpotentials substantially above thermodynamic requirements. Density functional theory suggested that non-3d high-valency metals such as tungsten can modulate 3d metal oxides, providing near-optimal adsorption energies for OER intermediates. We developed a room-temperature synthesis to produce gelled oxyhydroxides materials with an atomically homogeneous metal distribution. These gelled FeCoW oxyhydroxides exhibit the lowest overpotential (191 millivolts) reported at 10 milliamperes per square centimeter in alkaline electrolyte. The catalyst shows no evidence of degradation after more than 500 hours of operation. X-ray absorption and computational studies reveal a synergistic interplay between tungsten, iron, and cobalt in producing a favorable local coordination environment and electronic structure that enhance the energetics for OER.