gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cord blood as a potential therapeutic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2017)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. Treatment options are limited due to the complexity of underlying disease factors. Cell therapy, using human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cells may be a promising new treatment for ALS, mainly by providing a protective microenvironment for motor neuron survival. Areas covered: Composition, in vitro and in vivo differentiation of hUCB cells, and the advantages of cord blood as a source of transplant cells are discussed. A brief history of hUCB in treatment of an ALS animal model and the feasibility of these cells in therapy for ALS patients is provided. Current ALS clinical trials are also deliberated. Expert opinion: Among multiple advantages, hUCB cells' production of various anti-inflammatory/growth/trophic factors makes them an attractive cell source for ALS therapy. Biodistribution and optimal hUCB cell dose for transplantation have been determined in preclinical studies. Repeated intravenous cell doses during disease progression may be the best approach for cell-based ALS treatment. Accumulated evidence shows the efficacy of naïve or genetically modified MNC hUCB cells in the treatment of ALS and provide a superior basis for the development of clinical trials in the near future.
Eye Movement Measures as Valid Indices for Capturing Priming Effects (2007)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate spontaneous eye movement measurement as an alternative method to investigate linguistic priming effects. Eye tracking methods offer great promise for applications with individuals who have neurogenic cognitive, linguistic, and motor impairments, whose results obtained through traditional priming studies have questionable validity due to several potentially confounding factors. Our aim was to investigate which eye movement dependent measures capture semantic priming effects for single words in a cross-format priming context. Results reveal that fixation duration measures and fixation latency are valid indicators of semantic priming effects. Clinical research implications are discussed.
Interactive Sports Analytics (2018)

Analytics in professional sports has experienced a dramatic growth in the last decade due to the wide deployment of player and ball tracking systems in team sports, such as basketball and soccer. With the massive amount of fine-grained data being generated, new data-points are being generated, which can shed light on player and team performance. However, due to the complexity of plays in continuous sports, these data-points often lack the specificity and context to enable meaningful retrieval and analytics. In this article, we present an intelligent human--computer interface that utilizes trajectories instead of words, which enables specific play retrieval in sports. Various techniques of alignment, templating, and hashing were utilized by our system and they are tailored to multi-agent scenario so that interactive speeds can be achieved. We conduct a user study to compare our method to the conventional keywords-based system and the results show that our method significantly improves the retrieval quality. We also show how our interface can be utilized for broadcast purposes, where a user can draw and interact with trajectories on a broadcast view using computer vision techniques. Additionally, we show that our method can also be used for interactive analytics of player performance, which enables the users to move players around and see how performance changes as a function of position and proximity to other players.
The hype, myths, and realities of testing 3D integrated circuits (2016)

Three-dimensional (3D) integration using through-silicon vias (TSVs) promises higher integration levels in a single package, keeping pace with Moore's law. Despite the promise and benefits offered by 3D integration, testing remains a major obstacle that hinders its widespread adoption. This paper examines the hype, myths, and realities of 3D IC testing. We describe a number of testing and DfT challenges, and present some solutions being advocated for the challenges of “What to Test”, “How to Test”, and “When to Test”. Techniques highlighted in this paper include: (i) testing of the silicon interposer; (ii) pre-bond TSV testing; (iii) cost modeling and test-flow selection; (iv) a reconfigurable built-in self-test infrastructure.
Probabilistic vs. Geometric Constellation Shaping: What are the keys to ultimate optical reach and capacity? (2021)

Constellation shaping for both linear and nonlinear channel is the key for ultimate reach and capacity. Symbol rate and information rate optimization can further increase transmission reach, but can be limited by transceiver implementation penalty.
Efficient nonlinear room-temperature spin injection from ferromagnets into semiconductors through a modified Schottky barrier (2004)

We suggest a consistent microscopic theory of spin injection from a ferromagnet (FM) into a semiconductor (S). It describes tunneling and emission of electrons through modified FM-S Schottky barrier with an ultrathin heavily doped interfacial S layer. We calculate nonlinear spin-selective properties of such a reverse-biased FM-S junction, its nonlinear $I\text{\penalty1000-\hskip0pt}V$ characteristic, current saturation, and spin accumulation in S. We show that the spin polarization of current, spin density, and penetration length increase with the total current until saturation. We find conditions for most efficient spin injection, which are opposite to the results of previous works, since the present theory suggests using a lightly doped resistive semiconductor. It is shown that the maximal spin polarizations of current and electrons (spin accumulation) can approach 100% at room temperature and low current density in a nondegenerate high-resistance semiconductor.
Fluorescence of Dietary Porphyrins as a Basis for Real-Time Detection of Fecal Contamination on Meat (2003)

Digestion of green plants in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract produces degradation products from chlorophyll that cause ingesta and feces to be highly fluorescent. This property was exploited for development and construction of instruments to noninvasively detect minute quantities of feces on meat samples in real time. The presence of feces on meat products is a primary source of foodborne pathogens, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. This new technology provides a rapid and accurate alternative to the practice of visual inspection and augments more time-consuming biological testing methods. This innovation can assist meat processors and government inspectors in their efforts to provide safe and wholesome food to consumers.
Cellular neural networks: theory (1988)

A novel class of information-processing systems called cellular neural networks is proposed. Like neural networks, they are large-scale nonlinear analog circuits that process signals in real time. Like cellular automata, they consist of a massive aggregate of regularly spaced circuit clones, called cells, which communicate with each other directly only through their nearest neighbors. Each cell is made of a linear capacitor, a nonlinear voltage-controlled current source, and a few resistive linear circuit elements. Cellular neural networks share the best features of both worlds: their continuous-time feature allows real-time signal processing, and their local interconnection feature makes them particularly adapted for VLSI implementation. Cellular neural networks are uniquely suited for high-speed parallel signal processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of Catalytic Membranes for the Treatment of Drinking Water Using Combined Ozonation and Ultrafiltration (2005)

The removal of disinfection byproducts and their precursors was investigated using a combined ozonation-ultrafiltration system. A commercial membrane was coated 20 or 40 times with iron oxide nanoparticles (4-6 nm in diameter). With this membrane, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon was reduced by >85% and the concentrations of simulated distribution system total trihalomethanes and simulated distribution system halo acetic acids decreased by up to 90% and 85%, respectively. When the coated membrane was used, the concentrations of aldehydes, ketones, and ketoacids in the permeate were reduced by >50% as compared to that obtained with the uncoated membranes. Hydroxyl or other radicals produced at the iron oxide coated membrane surface as a result of ozone decomposition are believed to have enhanced the degradation of the natural organic matter, thereby reducing the concentration of disinfection byproducts. While increasing the number of times the membrane was coated from 20 to 40 did not significantly reduce the concentrations of most of the parameters measured, it did result in a significant decrease in the concentrations of ozonation byproducts. Increasing the sintering temperature from 500 to 900 degrees C also resulted in an improvement in the removal of the ozonation byproducts.
Novel Synthesis of sulfonated Silicones. (1991)

Abstract : Treatment of silyl ketene acetal-derivatized silicones with trimethylsilyl sulfonyl chloride, followed by hydrolysis in mild base, affords sulfonated silicones in high yield. Silicones having about 90% sulfonate pendants are water soluble, and may be used a new dopants for conducting polymers. These polyanions may also have use as polymer electrolytes having exclusively cation conduction.
A Fine-Tuned Metal–Organic Framework for Autonomous Indoor Moisture Control (2017)

Conventional adsorbents, namely zeolites and silica gel, are often used to control humidity by adsorbing water; however, adsorbents capable of the dual functionality of humidification and dehumidification, offering the desired control of the moisture level at room temperature, have yet to be explored. Here we report Y-shp-MOF-5, a hybrid microporous highly connected rare-earth-based metal-organic framework (MOF), with dual functionality for moisture control within the recommended range of relative humidity (45%-65% RH) set by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Y-shp-MOF-5 exhibits exceptional structural integrity, robustness, and unique humidity-control performance, as confirmed by the large number (thousand) of conducted water vapor adsorption-desorption cycles. The retained structural integrity and the mechanism of water sorption were corroborated using in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. The resultant working water uptake of 0.45 g·g<sup>-1</sup> is solely regulated by a simple adjustment of the relative humidity, positioning this hydrolytically stable MOF as a prospective adsorbent for humidity control in confined spaces, such as space shuttles, aircraft cabins, and air-conditioned buildings.
An Analysis of Anisotropic Torsional Resonators with Ritz Method and Its Application of Quartz Crystal Tuning Fork. (1996)

This paper describes an analysis of anisotropic torsional resonators with the Ritz method and its application to quartz crystal tuning fork-type resonators which are easily formed by a chemical etching process. In this paper, resonant frequency and frequency temperature behavior of the resonators are clarified using the frequency equation which is given as a function of torsional rigidity derived from the Ritz method, and miniaturized torsional resonators with a small series resistance R1 and a high quality factor are obtained. A torsional rigidity is first derived theoretically; then, a series of analytical results are compared with the measured data, Both results show good agreement, and a miniaturized resonator is successfully obtained with a small series resistance R1 and a high quality factor particularly in the vicinity of 500 kHz.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Ordered Co−MCM-41 for Production of Aligned Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) (2003)

Highly ordered cobalt substituted MCM-41 samples were synthesized and characterized for application as catalytic templates for producing aligned single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Highly reproducible Co−MCM-41 samples were successfully synthesized using alkyl templates with 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 carbon chain lengths by direct incorporation of cobalt into the siliceous MCM-41 framework using a hydrothermal method; the pore size and the pore volume can be controlled precisely. The local environment of cobalt as determined by UV−vis spectroscopy is a mixture of tetrahedral and distorted tetrahedral structures similar to those observed in Co3O4. Cobalt atoms are uniformly distributed in the pores (about 30−40/pore) at nearly atomic dispersion probed by XAFS. Incorporation of cobalt into siliceous MCM-41 improves the structure, most likely by dehydroxylation and/or knitting the defective structure of the amorphous silica polymer. The optimum crystallization temperature and time were 100 °C and 4 days for siliceous MCM-41 and 6 days for Co−MCM-41, respectively. Co−MCM-41 is very stable against reducing and oxidation conditions at temperatures under 750 °C. The catalytic templates showed over 90% selectivity to SWNT with up to 4 wt % carbon yield. The growth of SWNT in the pores of Co−MCM-41 was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and TEM. The catalytic template maintained its structure after successive reaction cycles, which suggests that Co−MCM-41 is a very stable template for producing SWNT under harsh reaction conditions.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,3-Enynes (2004)

[reaction: see text] We report a copper(I)-catalyzed procedure for the synthesis of 1,3-enynes. This method affords a variety of enynes in good to excellent yields. This method can tolerate a variety of functional groups, does not require the use of expensive additives, and is palladium-free.
Smart solutions for monitoring, control, and safety of swimming pools using a savvy boat (2022)

The Internet of Things has evolved as one of the most promising evolutional technologies, and it is gradually being recognized as a quotidian life necessity. It is based on the interconnection of several devices with the goal of simplifying everyday operations through monitoring, remote control, or the creation of smart environments with the goal of reducing the need for human interaction. This paper proposes the application of IoT concept with a savvy boat for monitoring and controlling the quality of swimming pools through a low-cost system based on wireless sensors and actuators which can minimize the number of people needed to maintain a swimming pool. This is very important issue since the improper use of fresh water in daily activities is nowadays a major concern, as well as the need to keep records of water quality in intended to notify the user about potential risk situations. The major goal of this system is to give financial and natural resource savings to the end user, resulting in a more sustainable environment. An Android mobile application was created to allow users to remotely monitor and manage the parameters of a swimming pool in real time, allowing for faster data analysis and the establishment of thresholds for each parameter so that the user is notified when the imposed limitations are exceeded. Some gadgets can be controlled remotely in one of two ways: manually or automatically. Moreover, this savvy boat has a net in front of it to clean the pool on the surface of the water from leaves and wastes and so on which is controlled through a remote control. The material used is a lightweight aluminum with mechanical and electric parts integrated with each other. In fact, this smart boat is qualified to serve as an assistant security guard for swimming pools because it has the characteristics that make it unique and smart.
High quality oxynitride gate dielectrics preparedby reoxidation ofNH <sub>3</sub> -nitrided SiO <sub>2</sub> in N <sub>2</sub> O ambient (1995)

The significant advantages of reoxidation of NH3-nitrided SiO2 using N2O, as opposed to O2, in a rapid thermal system have been demonstrated. MOS capacitors with N2O-reoxidised NH3-nitrided SiO2 show improved charge-to-breakdown characteristics and suppressed interface state generation under both injection polarities compared to those with pure SiO2 and O2-reoxidised NH3-nitrided SiO2. Significant reduction of nitridation-induced traps by N2O reoxidation is mainly responsible for these improvements.
Influence of several factors on synthesis of iron carbide from iron ore (2000)

AbstractIron carbides as alternative pure iron sources were synthesised by thermochemical reactions of iron ores with H2–CO gas mixtures having low sulphur pressures incapable of forming FeS. It was proved that high quality iron carbides without free carbon can be obtained more effectively at relatively high reaction rates. Some pressurisation was effective in eliminating the detrimental influence of oxidant components in the inlet gas mixtures. Ore type, reaction time, H2 /CO ratio, sulphur potential, and total gas pressure dependencies on the iron carburisation rates were examined and the rates were analysed using a first order rate model. Comparison shows that the productivity of the proposed process should be almost one order of magnitude greater than that of a conventional Iron Carbide process.
Microbial Biocatalysis (1994)

Four billion pounds of adipic acid are produced each year using petroleum-based feedstocks, carcinogenic benzene as starting material, and extreme reaction conditions. Nitrous oxide, which plays a role in ozone layer depletion, is emitted as a byproduct. As an alternative to the currently employed synthetic methodology, a two-step synthesis of adipic acid from D-glucose has been developed which eliminates each of these problems. A microbial catalyst was created which possesses a novel biosynthetic pathway that synthesizes cis, cis-muconic acid from D-glucose. This pathway does not occur in nature but has been created in a strain of Escherichia coli. Cis, cis-muconic acid is exported to the culture supernatant, where it is hydrogenated under mild conditions to yield adipic acid.
Isolation of Ixodes ricinus salivary gland mRNA encoding factors induced during blood feeding. (2002)

In tick salivary glands, genes induced during blood feeding result in the expression of new proteins secreted into tick saliva. These proteins are potentially involved in modulation of vertebrate host immune and hemostatic responses. In this study, subtractive and full-length cDNA libraries were constructed by use of mRNA extracted from salivary glands of unfed and 5-day engorged Ixodes ricinus. Sequences from these 2 libraries were compared with European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)/GenBank databases, which led to their classification into 2 major groups. The first group comprises cDNAs that failed to match or showed low homology to genes of known function. The second group includes sequences that showed high homology to genes of known function--for example, anticoagulants, inhibitors of platelet aggregation, and immunomodulatory proteins. Analyses of corresponding proteins suggest that they may be secreted by salivary gland cells. To study the properties of the recombinant proteins, selected cDNAs were expressed in mammalian or bacterial systems.
Stacked H-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna (2004)

A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied by a transmission line model and then is fully analyzed with a MoM code. A stacked patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. The stacked H-shaped MPA is studied using Chu's fundamental limit for electrically small antennas.
Preliminary results of the phase I/IIa dose finding trial of a folate binding protein vaccine (E39+GM-CSF) in ovarian and endometrial cancer patients to prevent recurrence. (2015)

e14031 Background: Folate Binding Protein (FBP) (aka Folate Receptor-α) is an immunogenic protein over-expressed in endometrial (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC). We are conducting a phase I/IIa trial with E39, an HLA-A2-restricted, FBP-derived peptide + GM-CSF. E39 is given adjuvantly to prevent clinical recurrences (CR) in disease-free high-risk, EC and OC patients (pts) after standard-of-care therapy (SOC). Here, we summarize toxicity, in vivo immunologic responses, and disease-free survival (DFS) in this dose-finding trial. Methods: This trial began as a 3x3, dose-escalation (100, 500, 1000 mcg of E39), safety phase I trial and transitioned to a phase IIa comparing expanded dose cohorts. Disease-free EC and OC pts were enrolled after SOC. HLA-A2+ pts were vaccinated (VG), and HLA-A2- pts followed prospectively as a control group (CG). 6 monthly intradermal inoculations of E39 + 250 mcg GM-CSF are administered followed by 2 boosters every 6 months. Demographic, safety, immunologic, and CR data are being collected. DFS is compared by Kaplan-Meir and logrank tests. Continuous variables are compared with analysis of variance and proportions with Fisher’s exact test. Results: 51 pts were enrolled; 29 in the VG (15 pts-1000 mcg v 14 pts- < 1000 mcg) and 22 in the CG. There are no differences in age, grade, stage, or histology between groups (all p ≥ 0.1).E39 is well-tolerated and safe with no differences in toxicity based on dose. DTH increased pre- to post-vax (5.9mm+1.5 v 12.3mm+8.1, p = 0.06). DTH increase was larger in 1000 mcg pts (4mm v 13.5 mm, p = 0.039) v < 1000 mcg pts (8mm vs 11mm, p = 0.56). With 9.8 months median f/u, CR rate is 38% (VG) v 50% (CG), p = 0.41. Among 1000mcg pts, there is only one CR (6.7% vs 50% CG, p = 0.01). The 2 yr DFS estimate is 19.2% (CG) v 85.7% (1000 mcg pts) (p = 0.09). Conclusions: This phase I/IIa trial reveals that E39 + GM-CSF is well-tolerated and elicits a strong and dose-dependent in vivo immune response. Early efficacy results are promising in the 1000mcg dose cohort. This dose-finding study proves the safety and establishes the dose of E39 for a prospective, randomized, GM-controlled, late stage trial in HLA-A2+ EC and OC pts to prevent recurrence. Clinical trial information: NCT01580696.
Design and Characterization of a New, Water-Based, High Sample-Flow Condensation Nucleus Counter (2001)

We describe the development and performance of a new, continuous-flow, single-particle, condensation nucleus counter (CNC) that uses water as its working fluid. Supersaturation is generated both through mixing of the ambient temperature sample gas stream with a hot saturated gas stream and by cooling of this mixed gas stream. Nucleation and condensation upon the entrained particles occurs within a cooled growth tube and a laser-based optical counter detects the enlarged particles. This Modified-Mixing CNC (MMCNC) samples gas at 0.5 cfm (14.1 lpm), has a false count rate of 0.012/cf, and has a unity counting efficiency for NaCl particles larger than 12 nm in diameter.These attributes make it an ideal instrument for next-generation cleanroom monitoring, where it can be plumbed into an existing DI water line and run without the need for frequent maintenance. Its use of water and high flow rate may also give it a unique advantage for atmospheric and indoor air research applications. We characterize the MMCNC's performance by varying four critical variables affecting its operation. A simple model accounting for heat and mass transfer to the growth tube is successful at predicting the relative importance of each of these variables and in estimating the average supersaturation in the growth tube.