gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urban revolt: ethnic politics in the nineteenth-century Chicago labor movement (1990)

Urban Revolt is a careful, incisive reexamination of the most highly mobilized urban revolutionary force in American historythe late nineteenth-century Chicago labor movement. By documenting the importance of ethnic origins in accounting for political choice, Eric L. Hirsch completely reconceptualizes the dynamics of urban social movements. Hirsch links the industrialization of Chicago to the development and maintenance of an ethnically segmented labor market. Urbanization, he argues, fostered ethnic enclaves whose inhabitants were channeled into particular kinds of jobs and excluded from others. Hirsch then demonstrates the political implications of emergent ethnic identities and communities. In the late nineteenth century, Chicagoans of German backgrounddenied economic power by Anglo-Americans' control of craft unions and excluded from political influence by Irish-dominated political machinesformulated radical critiques of the status quo and devised innovative political strategies. In contrast, the Irish revolutionary movement in Chicago targeted the oppressive British political system; Irish activists saw no reason to overthrow a Chicago polity that brought them political and economic upward mobility. Urban Revolt gives a new perspective on revolutionary mobilization by de-emphasizing the importance of class consciousness, social disorganization, and bureaucracy. In his original and provocative focus on the importance of ethnicity in accounting for political choice, Hirsch makes a valuable contribution to the study of social movements, race, and working-class politics.
Towards cognitive navigation: A biologically inspired calibration mechanism for the head direction cell network (2023)

To derive meaningful navigation strategies, animals have to estimate their directional headings in the environment. Accordingly, this function is achieved by the head direction cells that were found in mammalian brains, whose neural activities encode one’s heading direction. It is believed that such head direction information is generated by integrating self-motion cues, which also introduces accumulative errors in the long term. To eliminate such errors, this paper presents an efficient calibration model that mimics the animals’ behavior by exploiting visual cues in a biologically plausible way, and then implements it in robotic navigation tasks. The proposed calibration model allows the agent to associate its head direction and the perceived egocentric direction of a visual cue with its position and orientation, and therefore to calibrate the head direction when the same cue is viewed again. We examine the proposed head direction calibration model in extensive simulations and real-world experiments and demonstrate its excellent performance in terms of quick association of information to proximal or distal cues as well as accuracy of calibrating the integration errors of the head direction. Videos can be viewed at https://videoviewsite.wixsite.com/hdc-calibration.
Globally Trained Handwritten Word Recognizer using Spatial Representation, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Hidden Markov Models (1993)

We introduce a new approach for on-line recognition of handwritten words written in unconstrained mixed style. The preprocessor performs a word-level normalization by fitting a model of the word structure using the EM algorithm. Words are then coded into low resolution &quot;annotated images&quot; where each pixel contains information about trajectory direction and curvature. The recognizer is a convolution network which can be spatially replicated. From the network output, a hidden Markov model produces word scores. The entire system is globally trained to minimize word-level errors. 1 Introduction Natural handwriting is often a mixture of different &quot;styles&quot;, lower case printed, upper case, and cursive. A reliable recognizer for such handwriting would greatly improve interaction with pen-based devices, but its implementation presents new also, AT&amp;T Bell Labs, Holmdel NJ technical challenges. Characters taken in isolation can be very ambiguous, but considerable information is available fro...
The two allele sequences of a common polymorphism in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene respond differently to interleukin-1 in HepG2 cells (1993)

We have detected a common (allele frequency 0.53/0.47) single base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism 675 base pairs upstream from the start of transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene, using the chemical cleavage mismatch analysis. "Band shift assays" suggest that the allele with the single base pair insertion contains an additional protein binding site which is not present in the del allele. Competition experiments confirmed that the binding was specific to the sequence of the ins allele and suggest that proteins bound to this site may be NF-kB-like proteins. Analysis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) mRNA produced by constructs containing the PAI-1 promoter (-805 to +83) showed that the deletion allele produced six times more mRNA than the insertion allele in response to interleukin-1 (p < 0.001). In a sample of 107 young patients with previous myocardial infarction and 95 healthy population-based subjects, the del allele was associated with increased PAI-1 levels, 21% higher than the sample mean in the del homozygotes (p < 0.05). This study also suggested that individuals homozygous for the del allele may have an altered response to the acute phase stimulus. Taken together these results suggest that the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the PAI-1 promoter is of functional importance in regulating the expression of the PAI-1 gene.
Local learning algorithm for optical neural networks (1992)

An anti-Hebbian local learning algorithm for two-layer optical neural networks is introduced. With this learning rule, the weight update for a certain connection depends only on the input and output of that connection and a global, scalar error signal. Therefore the backpropagation of error signals through the network, as required by the commonly used back error propagation algorithm, is avoided. It still guarantees, however, that the synaptic weights are updated in the error descent direction. With the apparent advantage of simpler optical implementation this learning rule is also shown by simulations to be computationally effective.
Wounding and chemicals induce expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> gene <i>Thi2.1</i>, encoding a fungal defense thionin, via the octadecanoid pathway (1998)

In seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana the thionin gene Thi2.1 is inducible by methyl jasmonate, wounding, silver nitrate, coronatine, and sorbitol. We have used a biochemical and genetic approach to test the signal transduction of these different inducers. Both exogenously applied jasmonates and jasmonates produced endogenously upon stress induction, lead to GUS expression in a Thi2.1 promoter-uidA transgenic line. No GUS expression was observed in a coil mutant background which lacks jasmonate perception whereas methyl jasmonate and coronatine but not the other inducers were able to overcome the block in jasmonic acid production in a fad3-2 fad7-2 fad8 mutant background. Our results show conclusively that all these inducers regulate Thi2-1 gene expression via the octadecanoid pathway.
Fast, Memory Efficient Flow Rate Estimation Using Runs (2007)

Per-flow network traffic measurements are needed for effective network traffic management, network performance assessment, and detection of anomalous network events such as incipient denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Explicit measurement of per-flow traffic statistics is difficult in backbone networks because tracking the possibly hundreds of thousands of flows needs correspondingly large high-speed memories. To reduce the measurement overhead, many previous papers have proposed the use of random sampling and this is also used in commercial routers (Cisco's NetFlow). Our goal is to develop a new scheme that has very low memory requirements and has quick convergence to within a pre-specified accuracy. We achieve this by use of a novel approach based on sampling two-runs to estimate per-flow traffic. (A flow has a two-run when two consecutive samples belong to the same flow). Sampling two-runs automatically biases the samples towards the larger flows thereby making the estimation of these sources more accurate. This biased sampling leads to significantly smaller memory requirement compared to random sampling schemes. The scheme is very simple to implement and performs extremely well.
A<scp>CUTE</scp> M<scp>YELOID</scp> L<scp>EUKEMIA</scp>: T<scp>REATMENT</scp> O<scp>VER</scp> 60 (2002)

Undertreatment of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can explain, in part, their inferior outcome when compared to that of younger patients. In agreement with the benefit seen by patients under age 60 from high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), there are dose effects in the over 60s, in particular for daunorubicin, in induction treatment and for the duration of postremission treatment. The use of these effects can partly overcome the mostly unfavorable disease biology in older age AML, as expressed by the absence of favorable and the over-representation of adverse chromosomal abnormalities as well as the expression of drug resistance. We recommend an adequate dosage of 60 mg/m2 daunorubicin on 3 days in combination with standard dose Ara-C and 6-thioguanine given for induction and consolidation, and followed by a prolonged monthly maintenance chemotherapy for at least 1 year's duration. Further improvements in supportive care may help to deliver additional antileukemic cytotoxicity. As a novel approach, nonmyeloablative preparative regimens may open up the possibility of allogeneic transplantation for older patients with AML. Other new options like multidrug resistance modulators, antibody targeted therapies and molecular targeting are under clinical investigation. A questionnaire study in patients with AML showed that, according to patients' self-assessment, intensive and prolonged treatment did not result in a diminished quality of life. This finding did not vary by age, under or over 60 years. As the median age in this disease is more than 60 years, the adequate management of AML in older patients remains the major challenge.
Techniques for Programmable Logic Array Folding (1982)

The optimal PLA folding problem is presented and discussed in its different forms. In particular, new algorithms for row folding in unconstrained architectures and in AND-OR-AND architectures are presented and their complexity examined. The problem of finding an optimal row folding after a column folding has been performed, is described and an algorithm for its solution given. Finally, the organization of an APL package for row and column folding of PLA's is introduced and experimental results reported.
Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine Development Program: Design and Life Assessment of Ceramic Components (1995)

A program is being performed under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Energy, Office of Industrial Technology, to improve the performance of stationary gas turbines in cogeneration through the selective replacement of hot section components with ceramic parts. It is envisioned that the successful demonstration of ceramic gas turbine technology, and the systematic incorporation of ceramics in existing and future gas turbines will enable more efficient engine operation, resulting in significant fuel savings, increased output power, and reduced emissions. The engine selected for the program, the Centaur 50 (formerly named Centaur ‘H’) will be retrofitted with first stage ceramic blades, first stage ceramic nozzles, and a ceramic combustor liner. The engine hot section is being redesigned to adapt the ceramic parts to the existing metallic support structure. The program currently in Phase II focuses on detailed engine and component design, ceramic component fabrication, ceramic component testing, establishment of a long term materials property database, and the development and application of supporting technologies in the areas of life prediction and non-destructive evaluation. This paper outlines the design activities associated with the introduction of a ceramic first stage nozzle and two configurations of ceramic first stage turbine blade. In addition, probabilistic life assessment of the ceramic parts for major failure modes (fast fracture, slow crack growth and where relevant, creep and oxidation) will be discussed.
Development of a novel configuration for a MEMS transducer for low bias and high resolution imaging applications (2014)

A robust capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer has been developed. In this novel configuration, a stack of two deflectable membranes are suspended over a fixed bottom electrode. Similar to conventional capacitive ultrasonic transducers, a generated electrostatic force between the electrodes causes the membranes to deflect and vibrate. However, in this new configuration the transducer effective cavity height is reduced due to the deflection of two membranes. Therefore, the transducer spring constant is more susceptible to bias voltage, which in return reduces the required bias voltage. The transducers have been produced employing a MEMS sacrificial technique where two different membrane anchoring (curved- and flat- anchors) structures, with similar membrane radii were fabricated. Highly doped polysilicon was used as the membrane material. The resonant frequencies of the two transducers have been investigated. It was found that the transducers with curved membrane anchors exhibits a larger resonant frequency shift compared to the transducers with flat membranes for a given bias voltage. Comparison has been made between the spring constant of the flat membrane transducer and that of a conventional single membrane transducer. It is shown that the multiple moving membrane transducer exhibits a larger reduction in the spring constant compared to the conventional transducer, when driven with the same bias voltage. This results in a transducer with a higher power generation capability and sensitivity.
Guanidine and 2-Aminoimidazoline Aromatic Derivatives as α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor Antagonists, 1:  Toward New Antidepressants with Heteroatomic Linkers (2007)

The efficient preparation and pharmacological characterization of different families of (bis)guanidine and (bis)2-aminoimidazoline derivatives (“twin” and “half” molecules) as potential α2-adrenoceptor antagonists for the treatment of depression is presented. The affinity toward the α2-adrenoceptor of all the compounds prepared was measured in vitro in human brain tissue. Additionally, the activity as agonist or antagonist of those compounds with a pKi larger than 7 was determined in functional [35S]GTPγS binding assays in human brain tissue. Finally, the activity of the most promising compounds was confirmed by means of in vivo microdialysis experiments in rats. Compounds 1, 2b, 3b, 12b, 13b, 17b, 18b, 22b, 25b, 26b, 28b, and 30 showed a good affinity toward the α2-ARs. In general, the 2-aminoimidazoline derivatives displayed higher affinities than their guanidine analogues. Finally and most importantly, compounds 18b and 26b showed antagonistic properties over α2-ARs not only in vitro [35S]GTPγS binding but also in vivo microdialysis experiments. Moreover, both compounds have shown to be able to cross the blood−brain barrier and, therefore, they can be considered as potential antidepressants.
Dual-Frequency Tunable Wave Absorbing Structure Based on Frequency Selective Surface (2018)

A dual-frequency absorbing structure is designed based on frequency selective surface in this paper. The unit is made up of two resonant rings nested together. The proposed structure can absorb more than 98% of electromagnetic waves at 5.86GHz and 9.30GHz. The two absorbing frequency has an independent adjustability by tuning the geometry. Furthermore, the structure is insensitive to the polarization characteristics, and it can keep an absorption even the incident angle increases to 60°.
Treatment with belimumab restores B cell subsets and their expression of B cell activating factor receptor in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01008982.
Interconnection Networks for Scalable Quantum Computers (2006)

We show that the problem of communication in a quantum computer reduces to constructing reliable quantum channels by distributing high-fidelity EPR pairs. We develop analytical models of the latency, bandwidth, error rate and resource utilization of such channels, and show that 100s of qubits must be distributed to accommodate a single data communication. Next, we show that a grid of teleportation nodes forms a good substrate on which to distribute EPR pairs. We also explore the control requirements for such a network. Finally, we propose a specific routing architecture and simulate the Quantum Fourier Transform to demonstrate the impact of resource contention.
Bilinear Mixed-Effects Models for Dyadic Data (2005)

This article discusses the use of a symmetric multiplicative interaction effect to capture certain types of third-order dependence patterns often present in social networks and other dyadic datasets. Such an effect, along with standard linear fixed and random effects, is incorporated into a generalized linear model, and a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is provided for Bayesian estimation and inference. In an example analysis of international relations data, accounting for such patterns improves model fit and predictive performance.
E = Mportfolios2? (2011)

This paper critically examines the developmental trends of mPortfolios and gauges their impact on newer forms of learning that utilise mobility, portability, and flexibility. Placing this study within the emerging paradigm of futures’ thinking, the paper focuses on the environmental factors that shape the direction of portfolio development from electronic to mobile systems using a series of global case studies to illustrate the challenges and opportunities that lay ahead for educators. While mobility and portability emerged as strong elements in design, flexibility remains a key challenge for educators. The analysis also revealed that sector based approaches to developing mPortfolios through research and Community of Practice structures are potentially more beneficial for mPortfolio developers. Yet within these approaches there are clear advantages to be accessed from the communal-dialogical approach found within the Community of Practice approach, which could potentially inform futures’ thinkers in relation to strategic planning and forecasting of new trajectories in mobile and lifelong learning.
State of the art in myeloid sarcoma (2011)

A minimal panel of immunohistochemical markers should include anti-CD43 or anti-lysozyme as a lack of immunoreactivity for either of these sensitive markers would be inconsistent with a diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. Use of more specific markers of myeloid disease, such as CD33, myeloperoxidase, CD34 and CD117 is necessary to establish the diagnosis. Other antibodies may be added depending on the differential diagnosis. Identification of acute myeloid leukemia-associated genetic lesions may be helpful in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Planar Section Representations of 3D Shape (2014)

Planes are fundamental geometric primitives. Evidence in art and science shows that planar sections are useful -- structures composed purely of planar primitives are employed in architecture, design and manufacturing, where one can with relative ease physically create a model from planar parts. In medical visualization, patient-aligned planes may suffice to represent important features within a volumetric dataset. Many different applications involving 3D shape can geometrically benefit from a contextually-appropriate piecewise planar representation. This thesis systematically studies planar section representations of 3D shape.\nWe show that humans are consistent in abstracting existing 3D shapes using a minimal number of planar 3D sections. We provide geometric insights that allow us to replicate human planar abstraction of 3D shapes algorithmically, and evaluate the algorithm's performance with a shape recognition study.\nWe study how humans create planar shape representations interactively from scratch. Observations of their interaction patterns are used to develop a streamlined interactive drawing system. The system is further augmented to facilitate procedural creation, incorporate existing geometry and aid fabrication. A physical simulation approach identifies structurally weak models before they are fabricated, and allows interactive refinement.\nWe then study the perceptual efficacy of a range of planar representations of 3D shape in a large-scale user study. The analysis of results reveals geometric sources responsible for error, and we use these sources to create predictive linear models of error. With this knowledge, we demonstrate we are able to improve the quality of algorithmically-created representations. \nFinally we present a number of applications of planar section representations. Some applications are artistic in nature, such as paper statues, puppets, detailed compositions and scanimations. Other applications are more scientific, including surface reconstruction and compression, 3D annotation, volumetric data visualization, 3D navigation, and poly-postors.\nOverall, the dissertation provides a comprehensive treatment of various aspects of planar section representations of 3D shape and their applications. We provide both qualitative and quantitative perceptual validation that planar section representations are indeed effective proxies of 3D shape, useful in both artistic and scientific settings.
Approximate Memristive In-Memory Hamming Distance Circuit (2020)

Hamming Distance (HD) is a popular similarity measure that is used widely in pattern matching applications, DNA sequencing, and binary error-correcting codes. In this article, we extend our previous work to prove that our HD circuit is scalable, tolerant to memristor model variability, and tolerant to device-to-device variation. We showed that the operation of our circuit under non-ideal fabrication conditions changes slightly, decreasing the correct classification rates for the MNIST handwritten digits dataset by <1%. Our circuit’s operation is independent of the memristor model used, as long as the model allows a reverse current. Because we leverage in-memory parallel computing, our circuit is n × faster than other HD circuits, where n is the number of HDs to be computed, and it consumes ≈100× − 1,000× less power compared to other memristive and CMOS HD circuits. Used in a full HD Associative Content Addressable Memory (ACAM), the proposed HD circuit consumes only 2.2% of the total system power. Our state-of-the-art, low-power, and fast HD circuit is relevant for a wide range of applications.
Evidence for Direct-Acting Oxidative Genotoxicity by Reduction Products of Azo Dyes (1994)

Elizabeth A. Sweeney, J. Kevin Chipman, Stephen J. Forsythe, Evidence for Direct-Acting Oxidative Genotoxicity by Reduction Products of Azo Dyes, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 6: Carcinogenic and Mutagenic N-Substituted Aryl Compounds (Oct., 1994), pp. 119-122
Impact of High Energy Cosmic Rays on Global Atmospheric Electrical Parameters over Different Orographically Important Places of India (2013)

Global atmospheric electrical parameters such as atmospheric conductivity, air-earth current density, atmospheric electric field, and atmospheric potential have been calculated for eighty different orographically important places of India under the influence of cosmic ray modulation factor due to Forbush decrease assuming fair weather conditions. The results have been compared with the earlier work of Kumar et al. (1998) and show that the correlation between cosmic rays and global atmospheric electrical parameters near the earth surface depends upon the relative magnitudes of galactic cosmic ray particles.