gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Chemically Modified Curcumin (CMC) Analogs Exhibit Anti-Melanogenic Activity in Primary Human Melanocytes (2021)

Hyperpigmentation is a dermatological condition characterized by the overaccumulation and/or oversecretion of melanin pigment. The efficacy of curcumin as an anti-melanogenic therapeutic has been recognized, but the poor stability and solubility that have limited its use have inspired the synthesis of novel curcumin analogs. We have previously reported on comparisons of the anti-melanogenic activity of four novel chemically modified curcumin (CMC) analogs, CMC2.14, CMC2.5, CMC2.23 and CMC2.24, with that of parent curcumin (PC), using a B16F10 mouse melanoma cell model, and we have investigated mechanisms of inhibition. In the current study, we have extended our findings using normal human melanocytes from a darkly pigmented donor (HEMn-DP) and we have begun to study aspects of melanosome export to human keratinocytes. Our results showed that all the CMCs downregulated the protein levels of melanogenic paracrine mediators, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (ADM) in HaCaT cells and suppressed the phagocytosis of FluoSphere beads that are considered to be melanosome mimics. All the three CMCs were similarly potent (except CMC2.14, which was highly cytotoxic) in inhibiting melanin production; furthermore, they suppressed dendricity in HEMn-DP cells. CMC2.24 and CMC2.23 robustly suppressed cellular tyrosinase activity but did not alter tyrosinase protein levels, while CMC2.5 did not suppress tyrosinase activity but significantly downregulated tyrosinase protein levels, indicative of a distinctive mode of action for the two structurally related CMCs. Moreover, HEMn-DP cells treated with CMC2.24 or CMC2.23 partially recovered their suppressed tyrosinase activity after cessation of the treatment. All the three CMCs were nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts while PC was highly cytotoxic. Our results provide a proof-of-principle for the novel use of the CMCs for skin depigmentation, since at low concentrations, ranging from 5 to 25 µM, the CMCs (CMC2.24, CMC2.23 and CMC2.5) were more potent anti-melanogenic agents than PC and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), both of which were ineffective at melanogenesis at similar doses, as tested in HEMn-DP cells (with PC being highly toxic in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes). Further studies to evaluate the efficacy of CMCs in human skin tissue and in vivo studies are warranted.
Direct-Digital-Drive Microring Modulator (2016)

The method of Direct Digital Drive is applied to a microring resonator. The microring resonator is thus controlled by a segmented set of electrodes each of which is driven by binary (digital) signal. Digital linearization is performed with the aid of digital memory lookup table. The method is applied to a single microring modulator to provide an M-bit digital-toanalog converter (DAC), which may also be viewed as an M-level pulse amplitude modulator (M-PAM). It is shown, by means of simulation, that a 4-bit DAC can achieve an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 3.74bits. Applying the same method for two rings, enables the generation of two-dimensional optical M-QAM signals. It is shown, by means of simulation, that a 16-QAM modulator achieves an EVM better than -30dB.
Video Multicast With Joint Resource Allocation and Adaptive Modulation and Coding in 4G Networks (2013)

Although wireless broadband technologies have evolved significantly over the past decade, they are still insufficient to support the fast-growing mobile traffic, especially due to the increasing popularity of mobile video applications. Wireless multicast, aiming to exploit the wireless broadcast advantage, is a viable approach to bridge the gap between the limited wireless capacity and the ever-increasing mobile video traffic demand. In this paper, we propose MuVi, a Multicast Video delivery scheme through joint optimal resource allocation and adaptive modulation and coding scheme in OFDMA-based 4G cellular networks. MuVi differentiates video frames based on their importance in reconstructing the video and incorporates an efficient radio resource allocation algorithm to optimize the overall video quality across all users in the multicast group. MuVi is a lightweight solution with most of the implementation in the gateway, slight modification in the base station, and no modification at the clients. We implement MuVi on a WiMAX testbed and compare its performance to a Naive wireless multicast scheme that employs the most robust Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), and an Adaptive scheme that employs the highest MCS supportable by all clients. Experimental results show that MuVi improves the average video peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by up to 13 and 7 dB compared to the Naive and the Adaptive schemes, respectively. MuVi does not require modification to the video encoding scheme or the air interface. Thus, it allows speedy deployment in existing systems.
ETS Lexical Associations System for the COGALEX-4 Shared Task (2014)

We present an automated system that computes multi-cue associations and generates associated-word suggestions, using lexical co-occurrence data from a large corpus of English texts. The system performs expansion of cue words to their inflectional variants, retrieves candidate words from corpus data, finds maximal associations between candidates and cues, computes an aggregate score for each candidate, and outputs an n-best list of candidates. We present experiments using several measures of statistical association, two methods of score aggregation, ablation of resources and applying additional filters on retrieved candidates. The system achieves 18.6% precision on the COGALEX-4 shared task data. Results with additional evaluation methods are presented. We also describe an annotation experiment which suggests that the shared task may underestimate the appropriateness of candidate words produced by the corpus-based system.
Crystal Structure of Thermostable Family 5 Endocellulase E1 from <i>Acidothermus cellulolyticus</i> in Complex with Cellotetraose<sup>,</sup> (1996)

The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the thermostable endocellulase E1 from Acidothermus cellulolyticus in complex with cellotetraose has been solved by multiple isomorphous replacement and refined at 2.4 A resolution to an R-factor of 0.18 (Rfree = 0.24). E1cd is a member of the 4/7 superfamily of hydrolases, and as expected, its structure is an (alpha/beta)8 barrel, which constitutes a prototype for family 5-subfamily 1 cellulases. The cellotetraose molecule binds in a manner consistent with the expected Michaelis complex for the glycosylation half-reaction and reveals that all eight residues conserved in family 5 enzymes are involved in recognition of the glycosyl group attacked during cleavage. Whereas only three residues are conserved in the whole 4/7 superfamily (the Asn/Glu duo and the Glu from which the name is derived), structural comparisons show that all eight residues conserved in family 5 have functional equivalents in the other 4/7 superfamily members, strengthening the case that mechanistic details are conserved throughout the superfamily. On the basis of the structure, a detailed sequence of physical steps of the cleavage mechanism is proposed. A close approach of two key glutamate residues provides an elegant mechanism for the shift in the pKa of the acid/base for the glycosylation and deglycosylation half-reactions. Finally, purely structural based comparisons are used to show that significant differences exist in structural similarity scores resulting from different methods and suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting such results in terms of implied evolutional relationships.
Clickable PEG hydrogel microspheres as building blocks for 3D bioprinting (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is important in the development of complex tissue structures for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the materials used for bioprinting, referred to as bioinks, must have a balance between a high viscosity for rapid solidification after extrusion and low shear force for cytocompatibility, which is difficult to achieve. Here, a novel bioink consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microgels prepared via off-stoichiometry thiol-ene click chemistry is introduced. Importantly, the microgel bioink is easily extruded, exhibits excellent stability after printing due to interparticle adhesion forces, and can be photochemically annealed with a second thiol-ene click reaction to confer long-term stability to printed constructs. The modularity of the bioink is also an advantage, as the PEG microgels have highly tunable physicochemical properties. The low force required for extrusion and cytocompatibility of the thiol-ene annealing reaction also permit cell incorporation during printing with high viability, and cells are able to spread and proliferate in the interstitial spaces between the microgels after the constructs have been annealed. Overall, these results indicate that our microgel bioink is a promising and versatile platform that could be leveraged for bioprinting and regenerative manufacturing.
A high-resolution imaging technique using a whole-body, research photon counting detector CT system (2016)

A high-resolution (HR) data collection mode has been introduced to the whole-body, research photon-counting-detector CT system installed in our laboratory. In this mode, 64 rows of 0.45 mm × 0.45 mm detectors pixels were used, which corresponded to a pixel size of 0.225 mm × 0.225 mm at the iso-center. Spatial resolution of this HR mode was quantified by measuring the MTF from a scan of a 50 micron wire phantom. An anthropomorphic lung phantom, cadaveric swine lung, temporal bone and heart specimens were scanned using the HR mode, and image quality was subjectively assessed by two experienced radiologists. Comparison of the HR mode images against their energy integrating system (EID) equivalents using comb filters was also performed. High spatial resolution of the HR mode was evidenced by the MTF measurement, with 15 lp/cm and 20 lp/cm at 10% and 2% MTF. Images from anthropomorphic phantom and cadaveric specimens showed clear delineation of small structures, such as lung vessels, lung nodules, temporal bone structures, and coronary arteries. Temporal bone images showed critical anatomy (i.e. stapes superstructure) that was clearly visible in the PCD system but hardly visible with the EID system. These results demonstrated the potential application of this imaging mode in lung, temporal bone, and vascular imaging. Other clinical applications that require high spatial resolution, such as musculoskeletal imaging, may also benefit from this high resolution mode.
A plastic colorimetric resonant optical biosensor for multiparallel detection of label-free biochemical interactions (2003)

A high sensitivity plastic biosensor based on detection of changes in optical density on the surface of a narrow bandwidth guided mode resonant filter is demonstrated. Using sub-micron microreplication of a master sensor surface structure on continuous sheets of plastic film, the sensor can be produced inexpensively over large surface areas. In this work, the sensor structure is incorporated into standard 96-well microtiter plates and used to perform a protein-protein affinity assay. A surface receptor immobilization protocol demonstrating low nonspecific binding is used to detect an antibody with 8.3 nM sensitivity. By measuring the kinetic interaction of a protein-protein binding pair simultaneously at several concentrations, the affinity binding constant can be quickly determined.
Convergence analysis of a frequency-domain adaptive filter with exponential power averaging and generalized window function (1987)

One of the advantages of a Frequency-Domain Adaptive Filter (FDAF) is that one can achieve convergence at a constant rate over the whole frequency range by choosing the adaptation constant for each frequency bin <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</tex> equal to the overall adaptation constant divided by an estimate of the input power at this frequency bin. A commonly used method, applied in this paper, to estimate the input power is to do an exponentially weighting with smoothing constant <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\beta</tex> on the magnitude squared of the input values at each frequency bin <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</tex> . Furthermore, it is known that a correctly implemented FDAF, using the overlap-save method, contains five 2 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> -points Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). Two of these are used to force the last <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> points of the time-domain augmented impulse response to zero by applying a particular window function. In this paper, an analysis is given of the FDAF where the window function is generalized. Using these results, the convergence behavior of FDAF's with various window functions is compared. Furthermore, the analysis describes the influence of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\beta</tex> on the convergence behavior of the FDAF over the whole convergence range.
Record efficiencies above 21% for MIS-contacted diffused junction silicon solar cells (2002)

High-efficiency solar cells obtained by a simple cost-effective manufacturing process are required for a drastic reduction of the costs of solar electricity. In this paper, an improved and yet simple processing sequence for highly efficient MIS-contacted diffused n/sup +/p junction (MIS-n/sup +/p) silicon solar cells is presented. The process is characterised by: (i) formation of a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contact on an n/sup +/-diffused emitter; (ii) aluminium metallisation for front and rear electrodes; and (iii) low-temperature surface passivation by PECVD silicon nitride. For MIS-n/sup +/p solar cells with the front grid defined by Al evaporation through a shadow mask, efficiencies of up to 20.6% have been obtained. Furthermore, mask-free metallised cells with a mechanically grooved front surface have been fabricated. These cells have reached a confirmed efficiency of 21.1%, the highest value to date reported for MIS-n/sup +/p silicon solar cells.
3D MEMS piezoelectric ultrasound transducer technology (2013)

Here we present a high performance 3D MEMS ultrasound transducer technology called Clarinet™ based on a combination of micromachined dome-shaped piezoelectric resonators arranged in a flexible architecture. In a drastic departure from typical PMUT membranes, our high performance PZNT thin film is integrated into a 3D dome-shaped membrane as the transducer's building block. Three different types of ultrasound array are presented as an example of this flexible architecture in which the frequency response has been tailored by mixing these basic cells and modifying their dimensions by lithography. These demonstrate customizable performance capabilities such as an acoustic intensity up to 300 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , one-way insertion loss as low as -4.2 dB, and ultra wide-bandwidth suitable for both therapeutic and imaging applications. In addition, low electrical impedance, and a low operating voltage compatible with ordinary integrated circuitry are characteristics of all the designs.
Closed-form compression noise in images with known statistics (2005)

This paper studies the principle of transform coding and identifies the quantization noise as the sole distortion. It shows that compression noise is a linear transform of quantization noise, which is usually generated during quantization of transform coefficients using uniform scalar quantizers. The quantization noise may not distribute uniformly as distributions and quantization step sizes vary among transform coefficients. This paper derives the marginal, pairwise and joint probability density functions (pdfs) of multi-dimensional quantization noise. It also shows the mean vector and covariance matrix of quantization noise in closed-form. Based on above results, this paper derives closed-form compression noise statistics, which include marginal pdfs, pairwise pdfs and joint pdf, mean vector and covariance matrix of compression noise. This paper shows compression noise has a jointly normal distribution, which enables its calculation to have reasonable computation complexity. The derived statistics of quantization and compression noise are verified by using the JPEG compression algorithm and lumpy background images. Verification results show that derived statistics closely predicts estimated ones. This paper provides a theoretical foundation to derive closed-form model observers and to define closed-form quality measures for compressed medical images.
Intra-Prediction Mode Propagation for Video Coding (2019)

Intra-prediction and inter-prediction are two major ways of prediction in video coding. In the state-of-the-art video coding schemes such as joint exploration model (JEM), these two kinds of prediction are performed independently as different modes. An inter-coded coding unit (CU) is only assigned with the motion information, without an intra-prediction mode (IPM). To capture the texture direction in an inter-coded CU with low complexity, we present an IPM propagation approach in this paper. In the proposed scheme, each 4 × 4 sub-block in an inter-coded CU is assigned with a propagated IPM, which is fetched from a reference block, located by a motion vector. The propagated IPM is utilized in two aspects. First, the propagated IPM can help to perform inter-intra-prediction in the intercoded CU. Inter-prediction controlled by the motion information and intra-prediction controlled by the propagated IPM are both performed. The final prediction is generated by a position-dependent weighted sum of the two kinds of prediction. Second, the propagated IPMs of neighboring inter-coded blocks can help to predict the IPM of the intra-coded CU in an inter-picture. The propagated IPM of an inter-coded neighboring block can also be treated as a most probable mode. Simulation results show that BD rate savings of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.0% on average for Y, Cb, and Cr components, respectively, are achieved in random access configurations under the common test condition, compared with JEM-7.1. On ultra-high definition sequences, the BD rate savings can reach 1.0%, 1.7%, and 2.3% for Y, Cb, and Cr components, respectively.
Antibody-drug Conjugates with Novel Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitor Payloads and a Tailor-made Linker Chemistry (2019)

With the approval of meanwhile five ADCs and more than 80 ADCs in clinical trials, the ADC landscape has developed rapidly during the last decade. However, as indicated also by the large number of ADCs which failed in the clinic, it remains challenging to achieve a sufficiently large therapeutic window in cancer patients. Furthermore, the identification of ADC payload classes with a novel mode of action would increase therapeutic options and potentially help to overcome resistance. Inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein (KSP/Eg5) have raised great interest because of their high antitumor potency which, however, could not be transferred into highly efficient clinical regimens due to dose limiting side effects such as neutropenia and mucositis.
Chromatographic separation of three monoclonal antibody variants using multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) (2008)

Multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) is a continuous chromatographic process developed in recent years (Aumann and Morbidelli, 2007a; Aumann et al., 2007) that is particularly suited for applications in the field of bioseparations. Like batch chromatography, MCSGP is suitable for three-fraction chromatographic separations and able to perform solvent gradients but it is superior in terms of solvent consumption, yield, purity, and productivity due to the countercurrent movement of the liquid and the solid phases. In this work, the MCSGP process is applied to the separation of three monoclonal antibody variants on a conventional preparative cation exchange resin. The experimental process performance was compared to simulations based on a lumped kinetic model. Yield and purity values of the target variant of 93%, respectively were obtained experimentally. The batch reference process was clearly outperformed by the MCSGP process.
Nearfield surface enhanced spectroscopy using targeted nanoparticle deposition (2008)

Surface enhanced spectroscopy is demonstrated by depositing gold nanoparticles on a surface using an atomic force microscope. A modified dip pen nanolithography process is used to place particles directly on to a target. Near-field optical enhancement is demonstrated for Raman and infrared spectroscopies and is applicable for fluorescence spectroscopy. This approach provides localized, near-field spectroscopy with subdiffraction limit resolution and a general method for fabricating plasmonic device structures.
The kinase domain of PFKFB4 is required to stimulate the glucose metabolism and growth of H460 xenografts (2014)

Background Oncogenic activation and HIF-1 overexpression stimulate glycolysis in part by activating the bifunctional 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatases (PFKFB1-4) that synthesize fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP), an allosteric activator of 6-phosphofructo-1kinase (PFK-1), which is an essential control point in the glycolytic pathway. Although PFKFB3 is considered the dominant source of F2,6BP due to its high kinase activity and expression in multiple tumor types, the activity and function of the other PFKFBs has not been fully explored. Interestingly, the PFKFB4 family member was recently found in two independent and unbiased RNAi-based screens to be required for cancer cell survival. We sought to examine the specific requirements of PFKFB4 in regulating glycolytic flux relative to the pentose shunt, two pathways required for cell survival.
Compact spectrometer system based on a gradient grating period guided-mode resonance filter (2016)

We demonstrate a compact spectrometer system by using a gradient grating period guided-mode resonance filter-mounted on a linear photodetector array-that exhibits spatially dependent resonance characteristics; a specific incident wavelength is reflected such that the underlying array pixels measure minimum intensity. A precalibrated transmission efficiency matrix is used to determine each pixel's transmission efficiency for specific wavelengths. Unknown spectral information can be calculated from the measured intensity. Grating periods of 250-388 nm in 2-nm increments are used in each 100-cycle period. Device length is 2.23 mm. Spectral range of 506-700 nm is measurable with 1-nm resolution.
Enrichment and expansion with nanoscale artificial antigen presenting cells for T cell adoptive immunotherapy (2014)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive T cell therapy can mediate durable regression of cancer [[1][1]]. While pre-existing anti-tumor responses can only be cultured from a minority of cancer patients [[2][2]], T cells specific for a wide variety of tumor antigens can be generated by stimulation of naive