gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of crosslinking on the characteristics of thermally expandable microspheres expanding at high temperature (2010)

Abstract Free‐radical suspension polymerization was used to synthesize thermally expandable microspheres (TEMS); in this process, a poly(acrylonitrile‐ co ‐methacrylonitrile) shell encapsulated isooctane. Different amounts of dimethacrylate, diacrylate, or divinyl ether functional crosslinker were added to investigate the effects on the crosslinking density of the polymer and the expansion properties of the TEMS. The optimum amount of crosslinker was found to be approximately 0.05–0.1 mol %. However, a significantly better expansion could be obtained with 1,4‐butanediol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker, compared to 1,4‐butanediol divinyl ether or 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate. From monitoring the conversion of monofunctional analogues by gas chromatography, we suggest that the differences in expansion obtained with different crosslinkers, originated from the difference in the reactivity of the radicals in the system toward the vinyl functionalities of the crosslinkers. This regulated the incorporation of the crosslinker into the polymer and, thereby, the mechanical properties of the microsphere shell. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Metal‐Organic Frameworks — Prospective Industrial Applications (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Flexible Sandwich Diaphragms Are Less Permeable (1993)

Diaphragms for use in refrigerator compressors made as laminates of commercially available elastomers and metals. Diaphragms flexible, but less permeable by chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant fluids than diaphragms made of homogeneous mixtures of materials.
Image Matting with Local and Nonlocal Smooth Priors (2013)

In this paper we propose a novel alpha matting method with local and nonlocal smooth priors. We observe that the manifold preserving editing propagation [4] essentially introduced a nonlocal smooth prior on the alpha matte. This nonlocal smooth prior and the well known local smooth prior from matting Laplacian complement each other. So we combine them with a simple data term from color sampling in a graph model for nature image matting. Our method has a closed-form solution and can be solved efficiently. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method produces more accurate results according to the evaluation on standard benchmark datasets.
Bulb Cannula Safety for Breast Fat Grafting (2020)

Autologous fat transfer is a common technique to refine the contour of the breast after prosthetic augmentation or reconstruction, correcting remaining asymmetries by injecting previously harvested fat tissue with a cannula. Current procedures are often performed without visualization of the cannula at the delivery site and may require subsequent verification of the implant's integrity. The present paper aims to evaluate the safety of a new bulb tip cannula to be used during breast implant procedures for injecting fat adjacent to a breast implant that reduce the risk of damaging the implant. Two conventional cannulae and 3 bulb cannulae, which have an atraumatic distal tip, were tested in a simulated implant-puncture setting in 3 positions (at 0°, 45°, and 90° of incidence). A Tensile Tester (Instron, High Wycombe, UK) was used to apply force with each cannula device and record the amount of force applied in the attempt to penetrate the implants used, with shell layers having a variable thickness. No implant rupture was observed with the bulb tip cannulae regardless of size or the position in which the cannulae were pressed against the implants. The cannula opening was not impeded and tended to bend instead; 27% of the cases with the conventional lipo-cannulae caused an implant rupture. The bulb tip cannula could enhance the safety of the fat transfer procedure by ensuring no iatrogenic implant disruption and optimal delivery of the fat tissue.
Robust Chip-Level Clock Tree Synthesis (2011)

Chip-level clock tree synthesis (CCTS) is a key problem that arises in complex system-on-a-chip designs. A key requirement of CCTS is to balance the clock-trees belonging to different IPs such that the entire tree has a small skew across all process corners. Achieving this is difficult because the clock trees in different IPs might be vastly different in terms of their clock structures and cell/interconnect delays. The chip-level clock tree is expected to compensate for these differences and achieve good skews across all corners. Also, CCTS is expected to reduce clock divergence between IPs that have critical timing paths between them. Reducing clock divergence reduces the maximum possible clock skew in the critical paths between the IPs and thus improves yield. This paper proposes effective CCTS algorithms to simultaneously reduce multicorner skew and clock divergence. Experimental results on several test-cases indicate that our methods achieve 30% reduction in the clock divergence with significantly improved multicorner skew variance, at the cost of 2% increase in buffer area and 1% increase in wirelength.
Making Bulk Ceramics from Polymeric Precursors (2010)

In this paper, we report a simple technique for making bulk Si‐based ceramics from polymeric precursor. In this technique, a porous polymer preform with high porosity is used as a template. The preform is thermally decomposed before the precursor during pyrolysis to form interconnected pores for releasing gaseous species resulting from pyrolysis of precursors to avoid the formation of cracks within resultant ceramics. The thermal decomposition behavior of both template and precursor is studied for determining the proper pyrolysis procedure. The microstructure, porosity, and mechanical strength of the ceramics obtained are characterized.
Organic electroluminescent diodes (1987)

A novel electroluminescent device is constructed using organic materials as the emitting elements. The diode has a double-layer structure of organic thin films, prepared by vapor deposition. Efficient injection of holes and electrons is provided from an indium-tin-oxide anode and an alloyed Mg:Ag cathode. Electron-hole recombination and green electroluminescent emission are confined near the organic interface region. High external quantum efficiency (1% photon/electron), luminous efficiency (1.5 lm/W), and brightness (&gt;1000 cd/m2) are achievable at a driving voltage below 10 V.
Generation of allo-restricted peptide-specific T cells using RNA-pulsed dendritic cells (2012)

Designer T cells expressing transgenic T cell receptors (TCR) with anti-tumor specificity offer new treatment options for cancer patients. We developed a three phase procedure to identify T cells of high avidity based on the fact that T cells recognizing peptides presented by allogeneic MHC efficiently kill tumor cells. Autologous dendritic cells (DC) are co-transfected with ivt-RNA encoding an allogeneic MHC molecule and a selected antigen to allow them to express allogeneic MHC-peptide complexes that activate allo-restricted peptide-specific T cells. This approach provides great flexibility for obtaining high-avidity T cells as potential sources of TCR for adoptive T cell therapy.
Occurrence of Severe Destructive Lyme Arthritis in Hamsters Vaccinated with Outer Surface Protein A and Challenged with<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2000)

Arthritis is a frequent and major complication of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. The antigens responsible for the induction of arthritis are unknown. Here we provide direct evidence that a major surface protein, outer surface protein A (OspA), can induce arthritis. Hamsters were vaccinated with 30, 60, or 120 microg of recombinant OspA (rOspA) in aluminum hydroxide and challenged with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolate 297 or C-1-11. Swelling of the hind paws was detected in 100, 100, and 50% of hamsters vaccinated with 30, 60, or 120 microg of rOspA, respectively. In addition, arthritis developed in 57% of hamsters vaccinated with a canine rOspA vaccine after infection with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. When the canine rOspA vaccine was combined with aluminum hydroxide, all vaccinated hamsters developed arthritis after challenge with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Histopathologic examination confirmed the development of severe destructive arthritis in rOspA-vaccinated hamsters challenged with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. These findings suggest that rOspA vaccines should be modified to eliminate epitopes of OspA responsible for the induction of arthritis. Our results are important because an rOspA vaccine in aluminum hydroxide was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in humans.
Dual‐Color Imaging of Sodium/Calcium Ion Activities with Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probes (2010)

A two-photon probe (BCaM) shows 14-fold enhancement in two-photon emission fluorescence in response to Ca2+ and shows high sensitivity and selectivity for near-membrane Ca2+ ions (see picture). Combined with the known Na+ two-photon probe ANa1, BCaM allows simultaneous dual-color imaging of Ca2+/Na+ activities within live cells and in tissues at more than 100 μm depth for long time periods without photobleaching. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Securing Industrial Production from Sophisticated Cyberattacks (2020)

A manufacturing system is disclosed herein. The manufacturing system includes one or more stations, a monitoring platform, and a control module. Each station of the one or more stations is configured to perform at least one step in a multi-step manufacturing process for a component. The monitoring platform is configured to monitor progression of the component throughout the multi-step manufacturing process. The control module is configured to detect a cyberattack to the manufacturing system. The control module is configured to perform operations. The operations include receiving control values for a first station of the one or more stations. The operations further include determining that there is a cyberattack based on the control values for the first station using one or more machine learning algorithms. The operations further include generating an alert to cease processing of the component. In some embodiments, the operations further include correcting errors caused by the cyberattack.
Polyimides from diisocyanates, dianhydrides, and tetracarboxylic acids (1975)

Abstract High molecular weight polyimide resins have been prepared by the reaction of diisocyanates and a mixture of dianhydrides and their acids in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst. The polyimides thus formed can be made into tough flexible films similar to those polyimides prepared by the conventional method of reacting a dianhydride with a diamine. The preparation of high molecular weight polymer is affected by the purity of reagents, the anhydride‐acid ratio, temperature, and moisture. Evidence from model compound studies is presented regarding the nature of the reaction mechanism.
A class of block-iterative equalizers for intersymbol interference channels: fixed channel results (2001)

A new and efficient class of nonlinear equalizers is developed for intersymbol interference (ISI) channels. These -"iterated-decision equalizers" use an optimized multipass algorithm to successively cancel ISI from a block of received data and generate symbol decisions whose reliability increases monotonically with each iteration. These equalizers have an effective complexity comparable to the decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), yet asymptotically achieve the performance of maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD). We show that, because their structure allows cancellation of both precursor and postcursor ISI, iterated-decision equalizers outperform the minimum mean-square error DFE by 2.507 dB on severe ISI channels even with uncoded systems. Moreover, unlike the DFE, iterated-decision equalizers can be readily used in conjunction with error-control coding, making them attractive for a wealth of applications.
d-Cycloserine enhances implicit memory in Alzheimer patients (1996)

We tested the ability of d-cycloserine, a partial glycine agonist acting at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, to improve implicit memory in Alzheimer patients in a parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. One-hundred eight patients with probable Alzheimer's disease of mild to moderate severity received d-cycloserine (5, 15, or 50 mg) or placebo twice daily for 10 weeks. We then evaluated their ability to identify perceptually degraded words, some of which were repeated over multiple trials across 3 days. Implicit memory performance of words repeated across trials was significantly enhanced for the patients who received 15 mg d-cycloserine compared with those who received placebo. These findings support development of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic interventions for the treatment of Alzheimer-related memory disorders.
Measurement of missile position and attitude by lasers (1975)

Abstract : This report presents a method for measuring the position and attitude of spinning rockets and missiles by the use of multiple laser trackers. While the immediate application of this system is in range instrumentation, it has potential as a guidance system - particularly for a guidance system using midcourse or terminal correction. The main advantage of a laser tracking system over existing camera tracking systems is that it would permit near real time reduction of range test data. The program objective is to obtain rocket position and attitude for determination of vehicle aeroballistic parameters from flight tests. The constraints are as follows: (1) Process real time or near time data; (2) Obtain accuracy equal to or better than currently available; (3) Obtain data regardless of flight abnormalities; (4) Obtain high reliability for data acquisition; (5) Extend testing capability to low ambient light situation including night operation; and (6) Reduce overall cost of data acquisition and reduction.
The Role of Molecular Forms of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA or hK3) and of Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 (hK2) in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Prostate Cancer and in Extra-Prostatic Disease (2001)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA or hK3) is a glandular kallikrein with abundant expression in the prostate that is widely used to detect and monitor prostate cancer (PCa), although the serum level is frequently elevated also in benign and inflammatory prostatic diseases. PSA testing is useful for early detection of localized PCa and for the detection of disease recurrence after treatment. However, PSA has failed to accurately estimate cancer volume and preoperative staging. There is no PSA level in serum that definitively distinguishes men with benign conditions from those with prostate cancer, although PCa is rare in men with PSA levels in serum < 2.0 ng/ml. This prompted searches for enhancing parameters to combine with PSA testing, such as PSA density, PSA velocity, and age-specific reference ranges. Due to the protease structure, PSA occurs in different molecular forms in serum and their concentrations vary according to the type of prostatic disease. Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is very similar to PSA, but expressed at higher levels in prostate adenocarcinoma than in normal prostate epithelium. Blood testing for hK2 combined with different PSA forms improves discrimination of men with benign prostatic disease from those with prostate cancer. Many data have also been reported on the extra-prostatic expression of both PSA and hK2, and it is now believed that they may both have functions in tissues outside the prostate.
Development of Camouflaged Vehicular VHF Antennas. (1974)

The use of hyrbid electromagnetic coupling (HEMAC) couplers on vehicles at VHF is promising, as shown herein. Most tests of HEMAC coupled vehicles were made using PRC-25 Transceivers within a 3/4-mile radius and indicate that some configurations, notably the 10-coil array, are nearly as effective as a whip antenna for communication purposes. However,the most flexible and feasible configuration developed to date is the vehicular doorslot antenna, mostly due to its simplicity of design and tuning characteristics. The doorslot antenna powered by a VRC-12 Transceiver has been tested thus far within a 7-mile range and found to be effective. The practical implementation of the slot antenna to use on metal shelters, trucks, and armored vehicles appears to be relatively simple. (Modified author abstract)
Nearly Homeotropically Aligned Four-Domain Liquid Crystal Display with Wide Viewing Angle (1996)

A new type of nearly homeotropically aligned four-domain liquid crystal display has been developed using nematic liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy. In this display a pixel is divided into four domains which have different and optically compensating molecular alignment properties. This molecular arrangement gives much improved electro optic characteristics over the conventional mono-domain liquid crystal displays and there are no disclinations between the domains. We have found that the director configurations in these domains produces something closer to an electrically controlled birefringence mode than a twisted nematic mode, hence the effective optical retardation is lower at the brightest state. Therefore, this display gives a much wider viewing angle than other types of multi-domain liquid crystal displays.
Integration of photonic crystals in dye sensitized solar cells (2008)

The solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells can be greatly enhanced by integrating a porous and highly reflecting photonic crystal in the device. The light harvesting enhancement is based on the enlargement of optical absorption caused by longer matter-radiation interaction time, which takes place at certain ranges of wavelengths. Photons are localized within the dye-sensitized electrode due to the effect of the photonic crystal, so the probability of optical absorption, and therefore the photogenerated current, is enhanced. The proposed photonic crystals are porous to allow a proper flow of the electrolyte through it and to prevent the introduction of internal resistance in the cell, which might alter the charge transport dynamics.
High-efficiency fast-neutron detector. Memorandum report (1989)

This report researches a concept for a high-efficiency detector of fast neutrons (several MeV), using solid-state charged-particle detectors overlaid with thick disks (about mm) of {sup 238}U. Experiments show a significant count rate in the mockup when exposed to a fast-neutron flux, but it appears insensitive to the slow/thermal neutron flux. Preliminary results indicate a system with an efficiency on the order of at least 5% could be developed.
Optimizing Control of Fe Catalysts for Carbon Nanotube Growth (2012)

One must control the size distribution of catalyst Fe nano-particles (NPs) very carefully if one is to have any chance of growing "super-aligned" carbon nanotube (CNT) forests which can be spun directly into yarns and pulled directly into long sheets. Control of the Fe Nps size is important during all phases, including: the catalyst deposition, annealing and forest growth. As a result, it is important to understand how NPs are affected by various experimental factors as well as how those catalyst NPs then cause the growth of the forests. This paper focuses on two key experimental factors: The as-deposited thickness of the Fe catalyst film and the use of hydrogen gas (H2) during anneal and growth. We found that the sheet resistance (Rs) of as-deposited Fe films is directly related to the average film thickness and can be used to estimate whether the films can catalyze the growth of super-aligned forests. The height of the CNT forests decrease with decreasing Rs, but only slowly. More importantly, CNTs grown on the largest and the smallest Rs films are less aligned. Instead, they are more curled and wavy due to the Fe NP dynamics. The use of Hydrogen (H2) affects the formation of Fe NPs from the as-deposited film as well as their composition during the forest growth. We find that the addition of H2 to a CNT forest growth process at 680 degrees C (C2H2/He [30/600 sccm]) increases the CNT alignment substantially. H2 can also reduce iron-oxides which otherwise would impede the formation of NPs. As a result, H2 has multiple roles: besides its chemical reactivity, H2 is important for catalyst reconstruction into NPs having a proper size distribution as well as surface density.
<i>n</i>-InAs/GaAs heterostructure superconducting weak links with Nb electrodes (1986)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of planar superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) weak links in which the normal region is deposited n-InAs. The InAs is part of a heterostructure consisting of 100 nm of n-InAs grown on an undoped GaAs buffer layer on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The superconductor is Nb, patterned by electron beam lithography with interelectrode spacings as small as 260 nm. Device behavior is well explained by SNS weak link theory, with coherence lengths calculated from measured material parameters. These heterostructure weak links can be the basis for superconducting field-effect devices. They have the significant advantage of allowing simple device isolation compared with bulk InAs, which has been used in previous attempts to make such devices.
Azimuthally oscillating membrane emulsification for controlled droplet production (2015)

A novel membrane emulsification (ME) system is reported consisting of a tubular metal membrane, periodically azimuthally (tangentially) oscillated with frequencies up to 50 Hz and 7 mm displacement in a gently cross flowing continuous phase. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis showed consistent axial shear at the membrane surface, which became negligible at distances from the membrane surface greater than 0.5 mm. For comparison, CFD analysis of a fully rotating ME system showed local vortices in the continuous phase leading to a variable shear along the axis of the membrane. Using an azimuthally oscillating membrane, oil‐in‐water emulsions were experimentally produced with a median diameter of 20–120 μm, and a coefficient of variation of droplet size of 8%. The drop size was correlated with shear stress at the membrane surface using a force balance. In a single pass of continuous phase, it was possible to achieve high dispersed phase concentrations of 40% v/v. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 3607–3615, 2015
A 1.0-nsec 32-bit prefix tree adder in 0.25-μm static CMOS (2003)

The carries in a carry-lookahead adder can be computed by using a separate prefix tree for each bit location. This is nearly twice as fast as in the standard Brent and Kung technique. We show that the primary carry input signal can be incorporated into the prefix trees without additional delay. This new architechture reduces the logic depth of the n-bit adder by 1. This technique is not limited to radix-2 adder trees. Using fully-static circuits, a 32-bit radix-2 prefix tree adder has a delay of 1.0 nsec in the Lucent 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.