gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is an example of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (2011)

E- to N-cadherin switching, dissociation of β-catenin from the membrane, and increased expression of Snail and SPARC in SC indicate that SRCC is an example of EMT. High expression of N-cadherin and Snail in CC suggest early involvement in initiating EMT. Once EMT is established, loss of E-cadherin, release of β-catenin into the cytoplasm, and expression of SPARC correspond with mesenchymal phenotypic expression.
Handheld tunable focus confocal microscope utilizing a double-clad fiber coupler for <i>in vivo</i> imaging of oral epithelium (2017)

A reflectance confocal endomicroscope with double-clad fiber coupler and electrically tunable focus lens is applied to imaging of the oral mucosa. The instrument is designed to be lightweight and robust for clinical use. The tunable lens allows axial scanning through > 250 ?? ? m in the epithelium when the probe tip is placed in contact with tissue. Images are acquired at 6.6 frames per second with a field of view diameter up to 850 ?? ? m . In vivo imaging of a wide range of normal sites in the oral cavity demonstrates the accessibility of the handheld probe. In vivo imaging of clinical lesions diagnosed as inflammation and dysplasia illustrates the ability of reflectance confocal endomicroscopy to image cellular changes associated with pathology.
ULTRA-WIDEBAND CAVITY-BACKED BOWTIE ANTENNA FOR PATTERN IMPROVEMENT (2013)

The design and ultra-wideband performance of a cavity- backed bowtie antenna with the parasitic dipole and parasitic circular ring is presented. Besides the elliptical bowtie dipole and the taper feeding microstrip for obtaining ultra-wideband impedance characteristics, the parasitic dipole and parasitic circular ring to efiectively improve the radiation pattern can be used for obtaining the stable broadside unidirectional radiation patterns. An ultra-wideband impedance characteristic of about 118.2% for VSWR • 2 ranging from 2.75{10.7GHz is achieved. A unidirectional radiation pattern, a stable peak gain of around 7.4{10.8dBi and low cross polarization over the whole operating band are also produced. A prototype has been fabricated and tested, and the experimental results validate the design procedure.
Growth stimulation of human breast epithelial cells by basic fibroblast growth factor in serum‐free medium (1989)

Growth-stimulating activities of basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) toward human breast epithelial cells were examined and compared with the mitogenic activity of bovine pituitary extract (BPE) by the use of a serum-free medium which contained epidermal growth factor, insulin, transferrin, hydrocortisone, ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine, prolactin and prostaglandin. Addition of 1 ng/ml of basic FGF (bFGF) to the serum-free medium significantly enhanced the growth potential of epithelial cells derived from human breast carcinoma, and the number of cells grown for 7 days with bFGF was more than 1 1/2 times higher than that in the serum-free medium containing BPE instead of prolactin and prostaglandin. Growth responsiveness toward bFGF of epithelial cells derived from histologically non-malignant breast tissues was lower than that of carcinoma-derived cells, and the growth-stimulating activity of bFGF was lower than that of BPE, which could significantly enhance the growth potential of the cells. Contrary to bFGF, acidic FGF at 1 ng/ml had no significant effect on the growth potential of breast epithelial cells which had grown out from either carcinoma or non-malignant tissues. The present results suggest that bFGF is a putative growth-stimulating factor for human breast epithelial cells, especially for carcinoma-derived cells, and can substitute at least in part for BPE in serum-free monolayer culture of the cells.
Tenova-Bateman soldiers on amid gloom (2013)

Mining services outfit Tenova Mining & Minerals Australia has brushed aside concerns about poor market sentiment and its impact on the mining industry to forecast a positive future.
Black Spring, 1771 (2014)

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Innovation in Enhanced Oil Recovery (2018)

Fulfilling worldwide energy demand in the 21 st century is the most challenging problem. New kinds of energy sources along with the new technological breakthroughs to maintain enough oil and gas supply are needed to meet the tremendous rise in world's energy demand. Recent dramatic fall in oil prices has accentuated the problem. Now, the challenge is to fill out the increasing gap between energy demand and supply with more cost effective techniques. Recently, Abu Dhabi University has filed a patent application (US-Patent Application No 15/342,664) reporting the invention of Dr. Omar Chaalal that fulfills practically all criteria discussed above. In this paper, a 'green' alternative to chemical flooding is proposed. The new technology proposed uses two types of plant extracts that increases the total oil recovery to 96% of initial oil in place (IOIP) during the tertiary recovery mode. While water flood recovered around 50% of the IOIP, 0.5% wt of the natural plant extract recovered 77% in the secondary recovery mode. The additives were extracted from two plants available in the United Arab Emirates (Product A and Product B). These natural extracts proved to be very effective in formations containing water with a salinity range of 70,000 to 180,000ppm with temperature going up to 100 C.
New Technology Towards GaAs LSI/VLSI for Computer Applications (1982)

For future large-scale computer applications, new device technologies towards GaAs LSI/VLSI have been developed self-aligned fully implanted planar GaAs MESFET technology and high electron mobility transistor (HFMT) technology by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The self-aligned GaAs MESFET logic with 1.5-µm gate length exhibits a minimum switching time of 50 ps and the lowest power-delay product of 14.5 fJ at room temperature. The enhancement/depletion (E/D) type direct coupled HEMT logic has achieved a switching time of 17.1 ps with 1.7-µm gate length at liquid nitrogen temperature and more recently a switching time of 12.8 ps with 1.1-µm gate HEMT logic, which exceeds the top speed of Josephson Junction logic and shows the highest speed of any device logic ever reported. Optimized system performances are also projected to system delay of 200 ps at 10-kilogate integration with GaAs MESFET VLSI, and 100 ps at 100-kilogate with HEMT VLSI. These values of system delay correspond to the computer performance of over 100 million instructions per second (MIPS).
Managing application complexity in the SAMRAI object‐oriented framework (2002)

Abstract A major challenge facing software libraries for scientific computing is the ability to provide adequate flexibility to meet sophisticated, diverse, and evolving application requirements. Object‐oriented design techniques are valuable tools for capturing characteristics of complex applications in a software architecture. In this paper, we describe certain prominent object‐oriented features of the SAMRAI software library that have proven to be useful in application development. SAMRAI is used in a variety of applications and has demonstrated a substantial amount of code and design re‐use in those applications. This flexibility and extensibility is illustrated with three different application codes. We emphasize two important features of our design. First, we describe the composition of complex numerical algorithms from smaller components which are usable in different applications. Second, we discuss the extension of existing framework components to satisfy new application needs. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural determinant for switching between the polymerase and exonuclease modes in the PCNA-replicative DNA polymerase complex (2009)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is responsible for the processivity of DNA polymerase. We determined the crystal structure of Pyrococcus furiosus DNA polymerase (PfuPol) complexed with the cognate monomeric PCNA, which allowed us to construct a convincing model of the polymerase-PCNA ring interaction, with unprecedented configurations of the two molecules. Electron microscopic analyses indicated that this complex structure exists in solution. Our structural study revealed that an interaction occurs between a stretched loop of PCNA and the PfuPol Thumb domain, in addition to the authentic PCNA-polymerase recognition site (PIP box). Comparisons of the present structure with the previously reported structures of polymerases complexed with DNA, suggested that the second interaction plays a crucial role in switching between the polymerase and exonuclease modes, by inducing a PCNA-polymerase complex configuration that favors synthesis over editing. This putative mechanism for fidelity control of replicative DNA polymerases is supported by experiments, in which mutations at the second interaction site caused enhancements in the exonuclease activity in the presence of PCNA.
In vivo embolization of lateral wall aneurysms in canines using the liquid-to-solid gelling PPODA-QT polymer system: 6-month pilot study (2013)

This study compared neointimal tissue overgrowth in the ostium of experimental aneurysms embolized with PPODA-QT, PPODA-QT plus a framing coil, or coils alone. The coils-only and coil+PPODA-QT groups showed rough and discontinuous ostial surfaces, which hindered neointimal tissue coverage. The PPODA-QT aneurysms consistently produced smooth ostial surfaces that facilitated more complete neointimal tissue coverage over aneurysm necks.
Evaluación, características clínicas e intervención en un trastorno mental orgánico (2003)

Muchas de las personas afectadas por un Traumatismo Craneoencefalico (TCE) padecen posteriormente un cambio de personalidad como patologia psiquiatrica mas prevalente. En este trabajo presento el caso de una paciente de 28 anos que acude al Equipo de Salud Mental en el ano 2009 tras un TCE por accidente de moto en el ano 2007, con una lesion en la zona parietal-temporal izquierda. La evaluacion psicopatologica en este caso tuvo especial cuidado en valorar el cambio del funcionamiento mental tras la lesion organica. Se tuvieron en cuenta los resultados de las pruebas neuropsicologicas y de restantes pruebas complementarias. Se valoraron posibles factores psicosociales que estuviesen influyendo; asi como la personalidad previa. En todo momento se intento distinguir si la clinica afectiva presentada por la paciente era consecuencia de la lesion organica o reactiva a determinadas situaciones ambientales. Se evaluaron las alteraciones cognitivas, ya que influiran a la hora de realizar la planificacion terapeutica. Los sintomas mas prevalentes que presento la paciente fueron la inestabilidad afectiva; irritabilidad; apatia; ideacion paranoide y pensamientos de caracter obsesivo. Se apreciaron alteraciones a nivel cognitivo en la atencion; memoria fundamentalmente a corto plazo, asi como cierta anomia. Se delimitaron como objetivos psicoterapeuticos de intervencion la disminucion del aislamiento social; normalizacion de la actividad diaria; manejo de los pensamientos obsesivos; afrontamiento de las conductas evitativas y debate de los pensamientos negativos irracionales acerca de si misma y de su futuro.
The Preparation of Globally Competent Teachers: A Comparison of American and Australian Education Policies and Perspectives (2012)

This study entailed a comparative analysis of the teacher preparation standards in the state of North Carolina, USA, and the new National Professional Standards for Teachers in Australia as related to the global competencies of licensed teachers. Specifically, the authors conducted a content analysis of the policies that govern teacher education and licensure relative to global competence. University faculty members in both regions were also interviewed to determine teacher educators' perceptions of these policies.  Results indicate that much remains to align policy with practice, particularly as applied to the role of teacher educators in preparing their students per governmental requirements, as well as how states evaluate new teachers by professional standards.  Additionally, operationally defined, shared language regarding K-12 teachers' global competence must be developed for use by all stakeholders.
Holographic Sensors: Three-Dimensional Analyte-Sensitive Nanostructures and Their Applications (2014)

Holographic sensors are analytical devices that systematically diffract narrow-band light in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range for application in the detection and quantification of analytes and/or physical parameters. They can be functionalized with analyte-responsive materials to construct highly sensitive optical sensors for use in testing, where a visual readout, fast turnaround time, and reversibility are needed. Holography allows fabrication of disposable sensors that are lightweight for miniaturization and multiplexing purposes.3 Holographic sensors offer three capabilities on a single analytical device: (i) label-free analyte-responsive polymer, (ii) real-time, reversible quantification of the external stimuli, and (iii) three-dimensional visual image display.
Purification and properties of an N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectin from Psathyrella velutina mushroom (1989)

A lectin in the fruiting bodies of Psathyrella velutina was purified by affinity chromatography on a chitin column and subsequent ion-exchange chromatography. P. velutina lectin (PVL) tends to aggregate irreversibly in buffered saline, but the addition of glycerol (10%, v/v) to lectin solutions was found to prevent aggregate formation. PVL is assumed to occur as a monomer of a polypeptide of Mr = 40,000 as determined by gel filtration and by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. PVL is specific for N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). It was determined by equilibrium dialysis to have four binding sites/polypeptide molecule showing an average intrinsic association constant of K0 = 6.4 x 10(3) M-1 toward this sugar. The binding specificity of the lectin was studied by hemagglutination inhibition assays and by avidin-biotin-mediated enzyme immunoassays using various GlcNAc-containing saccharides. The results indicate that methyl N-acetyl beta-glucosaminide was a slightly better inhibitor than the corresponding alpha-anomer. PVL binds well to oligosaccharides bearing nonreducing terminal beta-GlcNAc linked 1----6 or 1----3 but poorly to those having a 1----4 linkage, such as N-acetylated chito-oligosaccharides. It also binds to the subterminal GlcNAc moiety when it is substituted at the C-6 position but does not interact with the moiety when substituted either at C-3 or C-4. Thus, these results show that PVL is quite different in its binding specificity from other GlcNAc-binding lectins of higher plants since they bind preferentially to beta-GlcNAc in 1----4 linkage and they have a high affinity for chitin oligosaccharides.
Synthesis of Triarylmethane and Xanthene Dyes Using Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions (2007)

The synthesis of dyes has long been a popular topic in organic chemistry laboratory experiments because it allows students to see first hand that reactions learned in class can be used to make compounds with useful applications. In this experiment electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are used to synthesize several triarylmethane and xanthene dyes (fluorescein, erythrosin B, thymolphthalein, and rhodamine B). These dyes can be readily synthesized using equipment found in most common second-year organic labs. Hydroscopic Lewis acids, which are often troublesome to use in a typical lab setup, are avoided. The dyes synthesized in this experiment can each be completed in one four-hour laboratory session. Approximately 30 minutes in a subsequent period will be required for UV–vis analysis, and the student samples give UV–vis spectra that match commercially available dye samples.
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol Toxicity in Aged Rats (1988)

Various anesthetics are metabolized by different forms of cytochrome P-450 yielding the same toxic metabolite, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). The toxicity of TFE is a consequence of its metabolism catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Since a marked age difference exists in the composition and inducibility of the hepatic mixed function oxidase system, we have elucidated the toxicity of TFE in 36-month-old aged Wistar rats. The aged rats were injected with sublethal doses of TFE (0.10 g/kg once per week for 5 weeks), after which they were sacrificed for pathologic examination. The major TFE-related lesions observed were severe hepatocyte degenerative changes such as basophilic, eosinophilic, vacuolated hepatocytes, bile duct hyperplasia, accumulation of lipofuscin pigments, and preneoplastic nodules. Other changes seen were the hyalinization of gastric submucosal wall, generalized testicular atrophy due to the loss of seminiferous tubules, coagulation necrosis of intestinal mucosal wall, hyperpigmentation, and more advanced and severe chronic progressive glomerulonephropathy in the TFE-treated rats. More severe lipofuscin and vacuolation of white matter of thalamic area, pons, midbrain, and cerebellum reflective of enhanced aging were also seen. Ultrastructural studies of liver from TFE-treated rats revealed rather diffuse loss of glycogen, fragmentation of endoplasmic reticulum, mineralization of mitochondria, and loss of other organelles within the hepatocytes versus saline-treated aged rats. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentrations, measured as a possible index of endoplasmic reticulum damage, were not affected by TFE administration.
Variability of the Nonstructural 5A Protein of Hepatitis C Virus Type 3a Isolates and Relation to Interferon Sensitivity (2002)

The nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 is thought to interact with several cellular proteins, including the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) induced by interferon (IFN). The PKR-binding domain (PKR-BD; aa 2209-2274), including the IFN sensitivity-determining region (aa 2209-2248) and other regions, could be linked to IFN resistance. Thus, the entire NS5A sequence of 27 isolates of HCV genotype 3a was investigated in relation to the clinical response to IFN. The NS5A 3a protein presented a low variability with some specific variable regions. Differential analysis between IFN-resistant and -sensitive isolates identified 5 regions in NS5A, 2 of them inside the PKR-BD and another around the variable 3 region. However, using the yeast growth suppression assay, no interaction was found between 5 resistant NS5A 3a proteins and PKR. Some amino acid changes of the NS5A protein of genotype 3a seemed to relate to IFN resistance independently of the PKR pathway.
Lymphocyte migration through extracellular matrix. (1992)

The movement of lymphocytes through extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of normal traffic and infiltration into inflammatory sites. This review surveys current knowledge of the mechanisms of lymphocyte migration through ECM, most of which was derived from work with in vitro models of basement membranes, interstitial stroma, or their constituent components. Normal lymphocyte motility is an extremely plastic property. Naive lymphocytes tend to be unresponsive to ECM components and many chemoattractants, but when exposed to antigens, artificial mitogens and certain lymphokines, they rapidly acquire locomotory capacity, which is expressed as increased polarity, adhesiveness, invasiveness and chemotactic response. Acquisition of locomotory capacity is associated with the G0/G1 transition, and activation of protein kinase C appears to be a key event. Preliminary evidence indicates that mitogenesis and differentiation to the memory phenotype trigger a long-lasting, possibly permanent elevation of locomotory response to ECM. Receptors for fibronectin, laminin and collagens I and IV have been implicated as mediators of lymphocyte motility, but these receptors have not been characterized in detail. Heparanases facilitate T cell movement through the basement membrane, but the role of proteases has not yet been defined. Major gaps remain in our understanding of the connection between in vitro models and specific stages of the infiltration process in vivo and of motility regulation at the molecular level.
Synthesis and Stability of Two-Dimensional Ge/Sn Graphane Alloys (2014)

There has been considerable interest in the germanium and tin graphane analogues due to their potential as optoelectronic building blocks, and novel topological materials. Here, we have synthesized for the first time alloyed germanium/tin graphane analogues from the topochemical deintercalation of CaGe2–2xSn2x (x = 0–0.09) in aqueous HCl. In these two-dimensional alloys, the germanium atom is terminated with hydrogen while tin is terminated with hydroxide. With greater tin incorporation, the band gap systematically shifts from 1.59 eV in GeH down to 1.38 eV for Ge0.91Sn0.09H0.91(OH)0.09, which allows for more sensitive photodetection at lower energies. In contrast to germanane’s oxidation resistance, the Ge and Sn atoms in these graphane alloys rapidly oxidize upon exposure to air. This work demonstrates the possibility of creating functional tin-incorporated group IV graphane analogues.
From Immunosuppression to Immunomodulation: Current Principles and Future Strategies (2013)

Over the last few decades, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune responses. This progress has also led to a more detailed knowledge of the processes leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the destruction of self-tissue in the case of autoimmune diseases, the effector mechanism involved in transplant allograft rejection as well as the driving factors in exacerbated inflammatory disorders. Despite this progress, the challenge still remains to selectively interfere with immune responses responsible for autoimmunity or transplant rejection while keeping an intact response to infectious agents. To date, such a selective interference is still difficult to achieve, as highlighted by the fact that an overall increased risk for infections and malignancy continues to be the most frequent side effect of the currently used immunosuppressive principles. Nevertheless, although discovered several decades ago, many of the 'first-generation' immunosuppressive principles such as steroids, methotrexate and cyclosporin A are still in clinical use, demonstrating the therapeutic value of these drugs for the patients that are in need. In this review, the author describes the mode of action of the currently most used immunosuppressive agents (not attempting to cover all principles that are available) and expands on recent activities in the discovery and development of novel immunomodulatory principles.