gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Functionality of Human Fetal Liver Cells and Clonal Derivatives under Proliferative Conditions (2006)

Mature human hepatocytes are not suitable for large-scale in vitro applications that rely on hepatocyte function, due to their limited availability and insufficient proliferation capacity in vitro. In contrast, human fetal liver cells (HFLC) can be easily expanded in vitro. In this study we evaluated the hepatic function of HFLCs under proliferative conditions, to determine whether HFLCs can replace mature hepatocytes for in vitro applications. HFLCs were isolated from fetal livers of 16 weeks gestation. Hepatic functions of HFLCs were determined in primary culture and after expansion in vitro. Clonal derivatives were selected and tested for hepatic functionality. Results were compared to primary mature human hepatocytes in vitro. No differences were observed between primary HFLCs and mature human hepatocytes in albumin production and mRNA levels of various liver-specific genes. Ureagenesis was 4.4-fold lower and ammonia elimination was absent in HFLCs. Expanding HFLCs decreased hepatic functions and increased cell stretching. In contrast, clonal derivatives had stable functionality and morphology and responded to differentiation stimuli. Although their hepatic functions were higher than in passaged HFLCs, functionality was at least 20 times lower compared to mature human hepatocytes. HFLCs cannot replace mature human hepatocytes in in vitro applications requiring extensive in vitro expansion, because this is associated with decreased hepatic functionality. Selecting functional subpopulations can, at least partly, prevent this. In addition, defining conditions that support hepatic differentiation is necessary to obtain HFLC cultures suitable for in vitro hepatic applications.
The Biochemical, Molecular, and Genomic Aspects of Leukotriene C<sub>4</sub> Synthase (1999)

Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase is an 18 kD integral membrane enzyme of the 5-lipoxygenase/LTC4 synthase pathway and is positioned as the pivotal and only committed enzyme for the formation of the cysteinyl leukotrienes. Although its function is to conjugate catalytically LTA4 to reduced glutathione, LTC4 synthase is differentiated from other glutathione S-transferase family members by its lack of amino acid homology, substrate specificity, and kinetics. LTC4 synthase (LTC4S) protein is present in the perinuclear membranes of a limited number of hematopoietic cells involved in allergic inflammation, including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages. The cDNA encodes a monomeric protein of 150 amino acids with three hydrophobic domains interspersed with two hydrophilic loops. Site-directed mutagenic studies reveal that the enzyme functions as a homodimer and that arginine-51 in the first hydrophilic loop, and tyrosine-93 in the second hydrophilic loop, are involved in the acid and base catalysis of LTA4 and glutathione, respectively. Homology and secondary structural predictions indicate that LTC4S is a novel member of a new gene superfamily of integral membrane proteins, each with the capacity to participate in leukotriene biosynthesis. The gene for LTC4S is 2.5 kb in length and is localized on chromosome 5q35, distal to that of the genes for cytokines and receptors important in the development and perpetuation of allergic inflammation. Immunohistochemical studies of mucosal biopsies from the bronchi of aspirin-intolerant asthmatics show that LTC4S is overrepresented in individuals with this phenotype, and this finding correlates with overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes and lysine-aspirin bronchial hyperreactivity.
Recombinant Assay for Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease Regardless of OspA Vaccination Status (2002)

All current seroassays using cultured Borrelia burgdorferi as their antigen source have been rendered obsolete by the recombinant OspA Lyme disease vaccine. OspA is the major outer surface protein expressed in cultured B. burgdorferi, and any seroassay that uses whole organisms as its antigen source cannot differentiate between subjects who received the vaccine and those who were naturally infected. We developed a new sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing recombinant chimeric borrelia proteins devoid of OspA (rNon-OspA) that can be used to detect antibodies to diagnostically important B. burgdorferi antigens in both OspA-vaccinated and nonvaccinated individuals. We tested sera from patients with Lyme disease and with conditions associated with false-positive serologies, OspA-vaccinated individuals, and healthy high-risk workers from an area of endemicity and normal sera from individuals from areas of nonendemicity. The rNon-OspA test was compared with two commercially available whole-cell immunoassays. The rNon-OspA assay is as sensitive and specific as the whole-cell assay (P > 0.05) for detection of anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies. However, the rNon-OspA assay can differentiate between populations comprised of naturally infected and OspA-vaccinated individuals (P < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that this new sensitive rNon-OspA ELISA can be used for the laboratory detection of B. burgdorferi antibodies regardless of vaccination status and could replace existing serologic assays for Lyme disease.
A new high temperature electrode-barrier technology on high density ferroelectric capacitor structure (2002)

This paper describes the novel stacked electrode structure, PtRhOx/PtRh/PtRhOx, applicable to stacked memory cells in the advanced ferroelectric memories. This structure acts as a stable bottom electrode on the polysilicon plug up to 700/spl deg/C, and reduces fatigue of PZT capacitor (less than 10% decrease in remanent polarization up to 10/sup 10/cycle), which indicates its promise as an electrode structure for advanced ferroelectric memory integration.
The use of amphipols as universal molecular adapters to immobilize membrane proteins onto solid supports (2008)

Because of the importance of their physiological functions, cell membranes represent critical targets in biological research. Membrane proteins, which make up approximately 1/3 of the proteome, interact with a wide range of small ligands and macromolecular partners as well as with foreign molecules such as synthetic drugs, antibodies, toxins, or surface recognition proteins of pathogenic organisms. Whether it is for the sake of basic biomedical or pharmacological research, it is of great interest to develop tools facilitating the study of these interactions. Surface-based in vitro assays are appealing because they require minimum quantities of reagents, and they are suitable for multiplexing and high-throughput screening. We introduce here a general method for immobilizing functional, unmodified integral membrane proteins onto solid supports, thanks to amphipathic polymers called "amphipols." The key point of this approach is that functionalized amphipols can be used as universal adapters to associate any membrane protein to virtually any kind of support while stabilizing its native state. The generality and versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by using 5 different target proteins, 2 types of supports (chips and beads), 2 types of ligands (antibodies and a snake toxin), and 2 detection methods (surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence microscopy).
Motif discovery in physiological datasets (2010)

In this article, we propose a methodology for identifying predictive physiological patterns in the absence of prior knowledge. We use the principle of conservation to identify activity that consistently precedes an outcome in patients, and describe a two-stage process that allows us to efficiently search for such patterns in large datasets. This involves first transforming continuous physiological signals from patients into symbolic sequences, and then searching for patterns in these reduced representations that are strongly associated with an outcome.Our strategy of identifying conserved activity that is unlikely to have occurred purely by chance in symbolic data is analogous to the discovery of regulatory motifs in genomic datasets. We build upon existing work in this area, generalizing the notion of a regulatory motif and enhancing current techniques to operate robustly on non-genomic data. We also address two significant considerations associated with motif discovery in general: computational efficiency and robustness in the presence of degeneracy and noise. To deal with these issues, we introduce the concept of active regions and new subset-based techniques such as a two-layer Gibbs sampling algorithm. These extensions allow for a framework for information inference, where precursors are identified as approximately conserved activity of arbitrary complexity preceding multiple occurrences of an event.We evaluated our solution on a population of patients who experienced sudden cardiac death and attempted to discover electrocardiographic activity that may be associated with the endpoint of death. To assess the predictive patterns discovered, we compared likelihood scores for motifs in the sudden death population against control populations of normal individuals and those with non-fatal supraventricular arrhythmias. Our results suggest that predictive motif discovery may be able to identify clinically relevant information even in the absence of significant prior knowledge.
A CNN algorithm for real time analysis of DNA microarrays (2002)

The work focuses on a new approach for DNA-chip image processing by using the cellular neural network (CNN) paradigm. In particular, the work aims to solve the main issues in automatic classification and spot validation that arise during an automatic DNA microarray analysis procedure. This contribution briefly presents the basic DNA micro-array technique and the state-of-the-art technologies, and introduces the idea of processing DNA chip data via CNNs, reporting suitable examples. The algorithm described has been developed using a high level language, dedicated to CNN universal machine (CNNUM) chip programming, and validated on a typical fluorescence image from a DNA microarray after hybridization.
A systematic approach to seizure prediction using genetic and classifier based feature selection (2003)

Currently, there is no standard approach for evaluating the intracranial encephalographic signals for seizure prediction. This study evaluates the IEEG signals by applying a systematic approach to feature selection, classification and validation to predict seizures. After preprocessing and processing, a genetic algorithm selects reasonable features off-line from a preselected group of features to serve as inputs to the classifier based feature selection process. A probabilistic neural network is used to select the optimal feature vector using a reed forward sequential approach on the training data followed by classification. A study of four patients resulted in a 62.5% average probability of prediction and a block false positive rate of 0.2775 false positive predictions per hour.
Electrolyte composition for electrochemical cell. [LiCl: KCl in approx 2:1 ratio] (1979)

A high-temperature, secondary electrochemical cell that employs FeS as the positive electrode reactant and lithium or lithium alloy as the negative electrode reactant includes an improved electrolyte composition. The electrolyte comprises about 60 to 70 mole percent LiCl and 30 to 40 percent mole percent KCl, which composition includes LiCl in excess of the eutectic composition. The use of this electrolyte suppresses formation of the J phase and thereby improves the utilization of positive electrode active material during cell cycling. 1 table.
Molecular cloning and characterization of plastin, a human leukocyte protein expressed in transformed human fibroblasts. (1988)

The phosphoprotein plastin was originally identified as an abundant transformation-induced polypeptide of chemically transformed neoplastic human fibroblasts. This abundant protein is normally expressed only in leukocytes, suggesting that it may play a role in hemopoietic cell differentiation. Protein microsequencing of plastin purified from leukemic T lymphocytes by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis produced eight internal oligopeptide sequences. An oligodeoxynucleotide probe corresponding to one of the oligopeptides was used to clone cDNAs from transformed human fibroblasts that encoded the seven other oligopeptides predicted for human plastin. Sequencing and characterization of two cloned cDNAs revealed the existence of two distinct, but closely related, isoforms of plastin--l-plastin, which is expressed in leukocytes and transformed fibroblasts, and t-plastin, which is expressed in normal cells of solid tissues and transformed fibroblasts. The leukocyte isoform l-plastin is expressed in a diverse variety of human tumor cell lines, suggesting that it may be involved in the neoplastic process of some solid human tumors.
Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of taxoids with novel beta-amino acid side chains. (1999)

Beta-Amino acids have been recognized as an important class of compounds in the design and synthesis of potential pharmaceutical drugs and also for the study of enzymatic reaction mechanisms. Among the beta-amino acid family, isoserines (alpha-hydroxy-beta-amino acids) are probably the most important members because many of them are potent enzyme inhibitors and they also serve as essential building blocks for biologically and medicinally important molecules such as Taxol. Taxol (paclitaxel) and Taxotère (docetaxel) are currently considered to be the most important drugs in cancer chemotherapy. This review describes recent advances in the chemistry of isoserines and taxoid anticancer agents at the biomedical interface including (i) the development of highly efficient method for the synthesis of isoserine side chains of taxoids and (ii) the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of taxoids featuring discovery and development of the "second generation" taxoid anticancer agents that possess exceptional activities against drug-resistant cancer cells.
Hybrid hierarchical optical networks (2002)

Hybrid hierarchical optical cross-connects enhance the performance/cost ratio of optical networks by providing transparent (optical) switching of sets of wavelengths (wavebands) in addition to opaque (electrical) switching of individual wavelengths. As network bandwidth gets cheaper, and the performance bottleneck moves to switching nodes, these systems provide an attractive scalable solution for next-generation optical networks. We describe key technological components (including flexible nonuniform wavebands) of hybrid hierarchical optical cross-connects and discuss their performance/cost implications.
Room temperature photonic crystal defect lasers at near-infrared wavelengths in InGaAsP (1999)

Room temperature lasing from optically pumped single defects in a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic bandgap (PBG) crystal is demonstrated. The high-Q optical microcavities are formed by etching a triangular array of air holes into a half-wavelength thick multiquantum-well waveguide. Defects in the 2-D photonic crystal are used to support highly localized optical modes with volumes ranging from 2 to 3 (/spl lambda//2n)/sup 3/. Lithographic tuning of the air hole radius and the lattice spacing are used to match the cavity wavelength to the quantum-well gain peak, as well as to increase the cavity Q. The defect lasers were pumped with 10-30 ns pulses of 0.4-1% duty cycle. The threshold pump power was 1.5 mW (/spl ap/500 /spl mu/W absorbed).
Spraino: A novel low-friction device for prevention of lateral ankle sprain injuries in indoor sports (2022)

A heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain injuries has been associated with excessive shoe-surface friction. ‘Spraino’ is a novel product specifically designed towards preventing friction-related lateral ankle sprains. In a recent 510-athlete randomized controlled trial, allocation to this “low-friction” shoe-patch resulted in a 53% reduction of severe ankle sprain injuries. Until now, however, a theoretical explanation linking shoe-surface friction and lateral ankle sprain injury mechanism is missing, and the extent to which Spraino reduces shoe-surface friction remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a theoretical link between lateral edge shoe-surface friction and the mechanism of lateral ankle sprain injuries, and ultimately establish the ability of Spraino to reduce lateral edge shoe-surface friction. In this paper, we present a theory on how ankle sprain mechanics are directly affected by the friction between shoe and surface, and why friction modifications might be a viable preventive strategy. When testing slip resistance in a modified mechanical test-setup, we detected a 63% reduction (0.83–0.31) in friction coefficient between the lateral edge of the outsole and the indoor sports floor when adding Spraino to the side of the shoe. Justified in our theory, and the previously established clinical effectiveness, this reduction in friction can mitigate both the risk and severity of lateral ankle sprain injuries. This suggests that reducing friction on the lateral edge of footwear can be an effective ankle sprain injury prevention strategy.
Identifying Mood Episodes Using Dialogue Features from Clinical\n Interviews (2019)

Bipolar disorder, a severe chronic mental illness characterized by\npathological mood swings from depression to mania, requires ongoing symptom\nseverity tracking to both guide and measure treatments that are critical for\nmaintaining long-term health. Mental health professionals assess symptom\nseverity through semi-structured clinical interviews. During these interviews,\nthey observe their patients' spoken behaviors, including both what the patients\nsay and how they say it. In this work, we move beyond acoustic and lexical\ninformation, investigating how higher-level interactive patterns also change\nduring mood episodes. We then perform a secondary analysis, asking if these\ninteractive patterns, measured through dialogue features, can be used in\nconjunction with acoustic features to automatically recognize mood episodes.\nOur results show that it is beneficial to consider dialogue features when\nanalyzing and building automated systems for predicting and monitoring mood.\n
Directly deposited optical-blocking filters for single-photon x-ray imaging spectroscopy (2017)

Directly deposited optical-blocking filters (DD OBFs) have the potential to improve filter performance and lower risk and cost for future x-ray imaging spectroscopy missions. However, they have not been fully characterized on high-performance charge coupled devices (CCDs). This paper reports the results of DD OBFs processed on high-performance photon-counting CCDs. It is found that CCD performance is not degraded by deposition of such filters. X-ray and optical transmission through the OBF is characterized and found to match theoretical expectation. Light-leaks through pinholes and the side and back surfaces are found to lower the optical extinction ratio; various coating processes are developed to resolve these issues.
Characteristic Structural Parameters for the γ‐Peptide 14‐Helix: Importance of Subunit Preorganization (2011)

All wound up: Crystallographic data for a set of homologous peptides constructed from gabapentin and two to six preorganized γ-amino acid residues (see crystal structure of the longest peptide) allow derivation of characteristic parameters for the γ-peptide 14-helix and establish guidelines for characterizing 14-helical folding. The results suggest that the substitution pattern of a γ-residue has a profound effect on the propensity for 14-helical folding. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Prediction of loss minima in infra-red optical fibres (1981)

Loss minima in two fluoride glass and chalcogenide glass fibres were calculated. The intrinsic losses are predicted to be 1 × 10−3 dB/km at 3.4 μm for BaF2-GdF3-ZrF4 glass fibre, 1 × 10−2 dB/km at 2.7 μm for BaF2-CaF2-YF3-AlF3 glass fibre and 1 × 10−2 dB/km at 4.5 μm for GeS3 glass fibre.
Gratings for integrated optics fabricated by electron microscope (1973)

The use of gratings fabricated by scanning electron microscope exposure of electron resist for applications in integrated optical devices is reported. These gratings have been successfully used to couple light into and out of thin-film optical waveguides and as masks for ion milling gratings into bulk GaAs. This suggests the possibility of using electronically controlled scanning electron microscopes to form complex miniaturized integrated optical devices with potentials not unlike those of modern integrated-electronics technology.
High level synthesis for reconfigurable datapath structures (1993)

High level synthesis techniques for the synthesis of restructurable datapaths are introduced. The techniques can be used in applications such as design for fault tolerance against permanent faults, design for yield improvement, and design of application specific programmable processors. The paper focuses on design techniques for built in self repair (BISR), which addresses the first two of these applications. The new BISR methodology consists of two approaches which exploit the design space exploration abilities of high level synthesis. The first method uses resource allocation, assignment, and scheduling, and the second uses transformations. The effectiveness of the approaches are verified on a set of benchmark examples.
Reversible Digital And Holographic Optical Storafe In Polymeric Liquid Crystals (PLC) (1987)

A new reversible optical storage technique based on azo dye containing liquid crystalline polymers and copolymers is described. Monodomain films of the polymers were used as storage medium. Digital and holographic information was stored and reconstructed. The stored information can be erased and the writing process is repeatable. The storage process is explained in terms of a transcis isomerization of the mesogen inducing local director field distortions.