gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opto-Mechanical Ultrasound Sensor Based on Sensitive Silicon-Photonic Split Rib-Type Waveguide (2019)

Summary form only given. Ultrasonography is widely used in (bio-)medical imaging and especially photo-acoustic imaging is rapidly advancing towards new applications. Future applications require a matrix of small (λ/2) and sensitive ultrasound sensors with read-out through a thin and flexible cable [1]. We target ~15 MHz ultrasound for e.g. catheter-based intravascular imaging or for freely-moving mouse brain imaging. Integrated optical sensors have good prospects: small and sensitive sensors [2,3], wafer-scale fabrication, and matrix read-out via single optical fiber using on-chip wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) [4]. Polymer waveguide ring-resonator showed good sensitivity and bandwidth [2] but large device footprint hampers WDM. Silicon photonic waveguides are less susceptible to direct ultrasound but opto-mechanical ultrasound sensors (OMUS), with the photonic resonator integrated in an acoustically resonant membrane, showed high sensitivity [3]. We propose a new type of OMUS with an innovative rib-type waveguide that is extremely susceptible to mechanical deformation of an acoustical membrane. This waveguide has the slab-part on the membrane and the rib-part on a fixed substrate, separated by a tiny gap (Fig la,c). Due to the high electric field in the gap, a tiny change in gap height gives a large change in waveguide effective index. We developed semi-analytical optoacousto-mechanical modeling. Design optimization resulted in a design with resonance at 15 MHz, bandwidth 50%, and detection limit of only 2.4 Pa (Fig 1d). This is two orders of magnitude lower than a corresponding waveguide-on-membrane type OMUS as in [3].
Identification and Mitigation Tool For Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) (2020)

Most organizations use web applications for sharing resources and communication via the internet and information security is one of the biggest concerns in most organizations. Web applications are becoming vulnerable to threats and malicious attacks every day, which lead to violation of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information assets.We have proposed and implemented a new automated tool for the identification and mitigation of Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability. A secret token pattern based has been used in the automated tool, which applies effective security mechanism on PHP based web applications, without damaging the content and its functionalities, where the authenticated users can perform web activities securely.
A pattern-based J2EE application development environment (2002)

J2EE is Java's platform for building distributed enterprise applications. The platform takes advantage of a wide range of new and evolving technologies and has been enriched by proven design solutions. These solutions are formulated and documented in what is known as J2EE design patterns. Rather than applying the patterns in isolation, a complete design system can be composed of the patterns. This pattern-based system can significantly ease the development process of J2EE applications and improve the quality of the produced software. In this paper, we will show how a general architectural tool (Fred) can be used to model such a pattern system and to generate an architecture-centric environment for developing J2EE applications. The environment is a task-based wizard that guides the user through the development of the application by enforcing certain design rules.
Development of a coherent OTDR instrument (1987)

Optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is a commonly used technique for characterization and fault location of optical fiber transmission systems. It involves measuring the fraction of a probe pulse that is scattered back (by Rayleigh scattering) from a silica fiber. Because of the very small levels of backscatter in single-mode fiber at long wavelengths, very sensitive optical detection is necessary to achieve adequate range performance. This paper gives the principles of operation and performance of a coherent OTDR system designed for use at 1.3 μm and its realization as a robust field-portable instrument with a specified performance of better than 24-dB one-way range, and 0.2-dB fault loss resolution. Coherent detection gives ultimate receiver sensitivity and also reduces the dynamic range requirements of the electronic signal processing. To realize these advantages, a novel technique is used to provide the necessary highly coherent source from a semiconductor laser. Sophisticated Signal processing techniques are employed both pre- and post-detection to integrate the signal out of the noise and also to reduce coherent fading effects. The various components of the system and their development into a robust instrument are described, and the performance of the system over long lengths of fiber both in the laboratory and more importantly on installed transmission links is presented in detail, showing achieved performance considerably better than this specified minimum.
Effectiveness of twice daily azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (2008)

Azelastine nasal spray (Allergodil((R)), Lastin((R)), Afluon((R)); Meda AB, Stockholm, Sweden) is a fast-acting, efficacious and well-tolerated H1-receptor antagonist for the treatment of rhinitis. In addition it also has mast-cell stabilizing and anti-inflammatory properties, reducing the concentration of leukotrienes, kinins and platelet activating factor in vitro and in vivo, as well as inflammatory cell migration in rhinitis patients. Well-controlled studies in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), perennial rhinitis (PR) or vasomotor rhinitis (VMR) confirm that azelastine nasal spray has a rapid onset of action, and improves nasal symptoms associated with rhinitis such as nasal congestion and post-nasal drip. Azelastine nasal spray is effective at the lower dose of 1 spray as well at a dose of 2 sprays per nostril twice daily, but with an improved tolerability profile compared to the 2-spray per nostril twice daily regimen. Compared with intranasal corticosteroids, azelastine nasal spray has a faster onset of action and a better safety profile, showing at least comparable efficacy with fluticasone propionate (Flonase((R)); GSK, USA), and a superior efficacy to mometasone furoate (Nasonex((R)); Schering Plough, USA). In combination with fluticasone propionate, azelastine nasal spray exhibits greater efficacy than either agent used alone, and this combination may provide benefit for patients with difficult to treat seasonal allergic rhinitis. In addition, azelastine nasal spray can be used on an as-needed basis without compromising clinical efficacy. Compared with oral antihistamines, azelastine nasal spray also demonstrates superior efficacy and a more rapid onset of action, and is effective even in patients who did not respond to previous oral antihistamine therapy. Unlike most oral antihistamines, azelastine nasal spray is effective in alleviating nasal congestion, a particularly bothersome symptom for rhinitis sufferers. Azelastine nasal spray is well tolerated in both adults and children with allergic rhinitis. Bitter taste which seems to be associated with incorrect dosing technique is the most common side effect reported by patients, but this problem can be minimized by correct dosing technique.
Using the Continuity Principle to Estimate Initial Dilution for Coastal Outfalls (1991)

The principle of effluent flux continuity is used to derive two alternative forms of an empirical equation for estimating the initial dilution in the surface field over a submerged multiport diffuser discharging a buoyant effluent. The derived relationships between the initial dilution, ambient current velocity, water depth and effluent discharge are shown to be similar to the results of several field and laboratory studies. A strategy for estimating the effect of reducing the angle of incidence between the coastal current and the diffuser is also discussed. The topic is approached from the viewpoint of a user of research findings and offers a simple design tool, pending the publication of more definitive research, for those who find the literature on this topic inadequate and confusing.
MELATONIN CONCENTRATION IN HUMAN BLOOD AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID: TO STRESS. (1978)

In 35 daytime paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 15 patients, melatonin levels in CSF were undetectable or detectable but not higher than blood levels. During pneumoencephalography in 6 patients, no significant elevation of blood melatonin levels was observed, whereas cortisol concentration increased.
Real-time Transfers for Improving Efficiency of Ridesharing Services in the Environment with Connected and Self-driving Vehicles (2020)

Current ridesharing services typically support one-hop delivery. With potential vehicle transfers, the ridesharing efficiency can be enhanced. This paper develops a real-time transfer approach based on a centralized pubic taxicab scheduling system. The approach can improve the traffic efficiency by leveraging real-time trajectory information of vehicles maintained in the system. The system can search for a suitable location for the passenger who could be transferred, and calculate the subsequent routes for original and transfer taxicabs. The simulation results based on the road networks of Midtown Manhattan demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed scheme compared to the transfer-disallowed scheme. Several passengers can be transferred to other vehicles to save more travel time and travel distance. Taxicabs on the roads can be used more efficiently.
Commercialization and Field Distribution of Smart Pedestrian Call Signals (2010)

The research on this project resulted in a new design for an accessible pedestrian system (APS) that uses Ethernet communications to implement a distributed control system. Present APS designs represent a safety risk factor by APS systems having undetectable failure modes that may play incorrect audible messages. The systems consists of a controller unit housed in the traffic controller cabinet and interfaces to existing NEMA TS1 and TS2 traffic controller cabinets at the field terminals. It supports from one to 16 pedestrian stations. The controller unit uses a Linux based single board computer with dual Ethernet ports. The pedestrian stations use a resource rich NXP processor reducing the number of components and size of circuit board. All configuration and diagnostics is accomplished using a PC with a standard web browser and an Ethernet connection. This interface reduces the size and cost of the unit mounted in the controller cabinet. The web page provides real-time status of all controller inputs and the state of all pedestrian stations and the audio message currently being played. SNMP and STMP custom objects are used in such a way that each communications transaction is verified. A network protocol is implemented that follows the guidelines for NTCIP custom objects.
Mutational Bisection of the Mitochondrial DNA Stability and Amino Acid Biosynthetic Functions of Ilv5p of Budding Yeast (2002)

Ilv5p is a bifunctional yeast mitochondrial enzyme required for branched chain amino acid biosynthesis and for the stability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and its parsing into nucleoids. The latter occurs when the general amino acid control (GAC) pathway is activated. We have isolated ilv5 mutants that lack either the enzymatic (a(-)D(+)) or the mtDNA stability function (a(+)D(-)) of the protein. The affected residues in these two mutant classes cluster differently when mapped to the 3-D structure of the spinach ortholog of Ilv5p. a(-)D(+) mutations map to conserved internal domains known to be important for substrate and cofactor binding, whereas the a(+)D(-) mutations map to a C-terminal region on the surface of the protein. The a(+)D(-) mutants also have a temperature-sensitive phenotype when grown on a glycerol medium, which correlates with their degree of mtDNA instability. Analysis of an a(+)D(-) mutant with a strong mtDNA instability phenotype shows that it is also unable to parse mtDNA into nucleoids when activated by the GAC pathway. Finally, the wild-type Escherichia coli ortholog of Ilv5p behaves like a(+)D(-) mutants when expressed and targeted to mitochondria in ilv5Delta yeast cells, suggesting that yeast Ilv5p acquired its mtDNA function after the endosymbiotic event.
Affinity fluorescence-labeled peptides for the early detection of cancer in Barrett's esophagus (2009)

Fluorescence-labeled peptides that affinity bind to neoplastic mucsosa are promising for use as a specific contrast agent in the detection of pre-malignant tissue in the esophagus. This method is can be used to identify expression of biological markers associated with dysplasia on endoscopic imaging as a guide for biopsy and represents a novel method for the early detection and prevention of cancer. We demonstrate the use of phage display to select affinity peptides and identify the sequence "ASYNYDA" that binds with high target-to-background ratio to dysplastic esophageal mucosa compared to that of intestinal metaplasia. Validation of preferential binding is demonstrated for neoplasia in the setting of Barrett's esophagus. An optimal tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 85% was found at the relative threshold of 0.60 with a target-to-background ratio of 1.81 and an area under the ROC curve of 0.87. Peptides are a novel class of ligand for targeted detection of pre-malignant mucosa for purposes of screening and surveillance.
Complete Protection against Lethal<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Infection in Mice Immunized with a Plasmid Encoding the<i>SAG1</i>Gene (1999)

Infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted to humans from infected animals by tissue cysts and oocysts excreted by cats. Immunization with inactivated parasites or recombinant proteins has at best shown partial protection. We constructed a plasmid expressing the SAG1 surface antigen of T. gondii, p1tPASAG1, and showed that animals immunized with the plasmid produce anti-SAG1 antibodies which recognize the native SAG1. Mice immunized with p1tPASAG1 showed 80 to 100% protection against challenge with the non-cyst-producing, virulent RH isolate, compared to an 80% mortality in mice immunized with empty plasmid, which is the greatest efficacy of any vaccine against T. gondii produced so far. The SAG1 molecule was analyzed for potential cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, and four peptides with the best fit were synthesized. The ability of the peptides to stimulate gamma interferon production by CD8(+) T cells from p1tPASAG1-immunized mice was tested in an ELISPOT assay, and one new CTL epitope was identified. Adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells from p1tPASAG1-immunized to naïve mice showed partial protection. In conclusion, DNA vaccination with p1tPASAG1 gave effective protection in mice against T. gondii infection and the protection could be adoptively transferred by purified CD8(+) T cells.
Synergistic Interactions between Heterologous Upstream Activation Elements and Specific TATA Sequences in a Muscle-Specific Promoter (1995)

Previous investigations have defined three upstream activation elements--CCAC, A/T, and TATA sequences--necessary for muscle-specific transcription of the myoglobin gene. In the present study, we demonstrate that these three sequences elements, prepared as synthetic oligonucleotide cassettes, function synergistically to constitute a cell-type-specific transcription unit. Previously, cognate binding factors that recognize the CCAC and TATA elements were identified. In this study we determine that the A/T element binds two nuclear factors, including myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF-2) and an apparently unknown factor we provisionally termed ATF35 (A/T-binding factor, 35 kDa). Mutations that alter in vitro binding of either MEF-2 or ATF35 to this site diminish promoter function in vivo. Functional synergism between factors binding the CCAC and A/T elements is sensitive to subtle mutations in the TATA sequence, recapitulating the unusual preference for specific TATA variants exhibited by the native myoglobin promoter. These results provide new insights into mechanisms that underlie the distinctive pattern of myoglobin gene regulation in mammalian muscle development and lay a foundation for further studies to elucidate general principles of transcriptional control of complex mammalian promoters through combinatorial actions of heterologous transcriptional factors.
Three‐dimensional refractive index reconstruction with quantitative phase tomography (2007)

Optical tomography based on quantitative phase microscopy is used to determine nondestructively and with high spatial resolution the three-dimensional (3D) refractive index distributions within optical fiber devices. After obtaining a series of phase images of the fiber as it is rotated around its longitudinal axis at regularly-spaced angular positions, filtered backprojection is used to reconstruct a 3D map of the refractive index. The 3D refractive index distribution of the join region between two fusion spliced optical fibers is reconstructed with accuracy better than 10(-3).
Effect of recombinant human granulocyte−macrophage colony-stimulating factor on HIV-related leukopenia (1997)

GM-CSF was well tolerated and biologically active in leukopenic HIV-positive patients, with a significant, although time-limited, increase of WBC count compared with non-treated patients. The administration of this growth factor should be considered in ameliorating the myelosuppression observed with some cell-cycle-specific antiviral and anti-neoplastic agents.
Towards Secure and Verifiable Database-Driven Spectrum Sharing (2017)

Database-driven spectrum access is regarded as an effective spectrum redistribution mechanism. However, dialoguing with the spectrum database requires both primary and secondary users to reveal their sensitive data to the spectrum database manager (SDM), leading to serious privacy concerns. In this paper, we show that the SDM can perform database operations (both updates and queries) without knowing any information about the users' sensitive inputs and the database contents, by combining garbled circuits and secret sharing. Our design uses data-oblivious sorting networks to leverage parallelism of query operations, yielding an efficient query algorithm. We further combine secure computations with authentication techniques to get a verification mechanism for correctness checking. As far as we know, our proposal is the first secure and verifiable database-driven spectrum sharing scheme protecting both primary users' (PUs') and secondary users' (SUs') privacies. Finally, we fully implement our system, and demonstrate that even on commodity PC, our implementation suffers mild performance overhead.
Action-Monitoring Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2000)

Evidence suggests that a hyperactive frontal-striatal-thalamic-frontal circuit is associated with the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but there is little agreement about the function of the exaggerated activity. We report electrophysiological evidence suggesting that part of this system monitors events and generates error signals when the events conflict with an individual's internal standards or goals. Nine individuals with OCD and 9 age-, sex-, and education-matched control participants performed a speeded reaction time task. The error-related negativity, an event-related brain potential component that reflects action-monitoring processes, was enhanced in the individuals with OCD. The magnitude of this enhancement correlated with symptom severity. Dipole modeling suggested that the locus of the enhancement corresponded to medial frontal regions, possibly the anterior cingulate cortex.
Substitutions in the <i>N</i>-Glycan Core as Regulators of Biorecognition:  The Case of Core-Fucose and Bisecting GlcNAc Moieties (2007)

Core fucosylation and the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residue are prominent natural substitutions of the N-glycan core. To address the issue of whether these two substituents can modulate ligand properties of complex-type biantennary N-glycans, we performed chemoenzymatic synthesis of the respective galactosylated and alpha2,3/6-sialylated N-glycans. Neoglycoproteins were then produced to determine these glycans' reactivities with sugar receptors in solid-phase assays and with tumor cells in vitro as well as their in vivo biodistribution profiles in mice. Slight protein-type-dependent changes were noted in lectin binding, including adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins as study objects, when the data were related to properties of N-glycans without or with only one core substituent. Monitoring binding in vitro revealed cell-type-dependent changes. They delimited the ligand activity of this glycan type from that of chains with un- and monosubstituted cores. A markedly prolonged serum half-life was conferred to the neoglycoprotein by the galactose-terminated N-glycan, which together with increased organ retention of all three neoglycoproteins underscores the conspicuous relevance for glycoengineering of pharmaproteins. The predominant presentation of the two branches in the disubstituted N-glycan as extended (alpha1,3-antenna) and backfolded (alpha1,6-antenna) forms, revealed by molecular dynamics simulations, can underlie the measured characteristics. These results obtained by a combined strategy further support the concept of viewing N-glycan core substitutions as non-random additions which exert a modulatory role on ligand properties. Moreover, our data inspire us to devise new, non-natural modifications to realize the full potential of glycoengineering for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Drugs (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dual tuned 1H/31P quadrature microstripline-based transmit/receive switch for 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (2022)

<p><span>A dual tuned transmit/receive (T/R) Switch for 7 tesla magnetic resonance imaging</span> (MRI) that is based on concentric microstripline (MSL) coupler is introduced. The proposed switch is designed using two concentric MSL quadrature couplers on the top and bottom faces of the switch. The switch can be used to handle two frequency signals to/from two radio frequency (RF) coils. In this article, a 1H/31P atomic nuclei are excited. The two MSLs on the upper face of the switch are designed to transmit 298 and 120.6 MHz signals into RF coils, whereas each of the identical upper and lower MSLs are used to receive these signals from the RF coils. This switch can be used to transmit/receive signals from two RF coils at the same time, one work with 1H and the second with 31P atomic nuclei, and without any tuning. The proposed switch has been designed and simulated using the electromagnetic microwave studio computer simulation technology (CST). It demonstrates good matching (≈17 dB), low insertion loss (≈0.3) and high isolation (&gt;70) for the 1H and 31P magnetic resonance signals at transmit mode. During receive mode, It demonstrates good matching (&gt;20 dB), low insertion loss (≈0.2) and high isolation (&gt;70) for the 1H and 31P magnetic resonance signals.</p>