gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Microresonant devices for power conversion</title> (1998)

We present the concept of utilizing micro-electromechanical (MEM) energy storage for power conversion. A capacitor and inductor-free step-up converter based on mechanical resonance and silicon strain energy is introduced. In this circuit, a single MEM device is used to generate and supply high voltages, suitable for driving other MEM devices. A test converter using vertical polysilicon based resonators as energy storage elements is fabricated and tested, demonstrating the basic step-up function.
Identification of unique mechanisms for triterpene biosynthesis in <i>Botryococcus braunii</i> (2011)

Botryococcene biosynthesis is thought to resemble that of squalene, a metabolite essential for sterol metabolism in all eukaryotes. Squalene arises from an initial condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to form presqualene diphosphate (PSPP), which then undergoes a reductive rearrangement to form squalene. In principle, botryococcene could arise from an alternative rearrangement of the presqualene intermediate. Because of these proposed similarities, we predicted that a botryococcene synthase would resemble squalene synthase and hence isolated squalene synthase-like genes from Botryococcus braunii race B. While B. braunii does harbor at least one typical squalene synthase, none of the other three squalene synthase-like (SSL) genes encodes for botryococcene biosynthesis directly. SSL-1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of PSPP and SSL-2 the biosynthesis of bisfarnesyl ether, while SSL-3 does not appear able to directly utilize FPP as a substrate. However, when combinations of the synthase-like enzymes were mixed together, in vivo and in vitro, robust botryococcene (SSL-1+SSL-3) or squalene biosynthesis (SSL1+SSL-2) was observed. These findings were unexpected because squalene synthase, an ancient and likely progenitor to the other Botryococcus triterpene synthases, catalyzes a two-step reaction within a single enzyme unit without intermediate release, yet in B. braunii, these activities appear to have separated and evolved interdependently for specialized triterpene oil production greater than 500 MYA. Coexpression of the SSL-1 and SSL-3 genes in different configurations, as independent genes, as gene fusions, or targeted to intracellular membranes, also demonstrate the potential for engineering even greater efficiencies of botryococcene biosynthesis.
<title>Polycrystalline thin-film transistors on plastic substrates</title> (1999)

Flat panel displays made on plastic substrates are envisioned for use in certain commercial and military systems because they are more rugged and lightweight than displays made on glass substrates. High information content can be attained for such displays using an active matrix array of thin film transistors (TFTs) for the pixels and high current TFTs for the drivers. In this work the fabrication of high performance polysilicon TFTs on flexible plastic substrates is presented along with corresponding electrical characteristics. Plastic substrates pose severe temperature constraints on the fabrication process. To overcome electrical characteristics. Plastic substrates pose sever temperature constraints on the fabrication process. To overcome these constraints, our group at LLNL has used low temperature silicon, oxide, and aluminum thin film deposition steps and pulsed excimer laser processing to perform the TFT channel crystallization and the source/drain doping. Sheet resistance values below 1k(Omega) /$DAL are obtained using our laser doping technique for 900 angstrom thick polysilicon films. Our n-channel polysilicon TFT electrical performance on plastic shows mobilities up to 50 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/V-sec and ON current to OFF current ratios of up to 1 X 10<SUP>6</SUP> for gate voltages from -1 to +35 V.
Secreted tyrosine sulfated-eIF5A mediates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis (2015)

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in ischemia/reperfusion-injury, atherosclerosis, and aging. It causes cell damage that leads to apoptosis via uncertain mechanisms. Because conditioned medium from cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation induces extensive apoptosis of cardiac myocytes under normoxia, we hypothesized that a humoral factor released from the hypoxic/reoxygenated cardiac myocytes mediates apoptosis. We identified an apoptosis-inducing humoral factor in the hypoxia/reoxygenation-conditioned medium. Here, we found that eIF5A undergoes tyrosine sulfation in the trans-Golgi and is rapidly secreted from cardiac myocytes in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation; then, eIF5A induces apoptosis by acting as a pro-apoptotic ligand. The apoptosis of cardiac myocytes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation or ultraviolet irradiation was suppressed by anti-eIF5A neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in vitro. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (but not ischemia alone) markedly increased the plasma levels of eIF5A, and treatment with anti-eIF5A neutralizing mAbs significantly reduced myocardial injury. These results identify an important, novel specific biomarker and a critical therapeutic target for oxidative stress-induced cell injury.
High power VCSEL array pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers (2012)

Solid-state lasers pumped by high-power two-dimensional arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) were investigated. Both end-pumping and side-pumping schemes of Nd:YAG lasers with high power kW-class 808 nm VCSEL pump modules were implemented. For one application 10 mJ blue laser pulses were obtained from a frequencydoubled actively Q-switched VCSEL-array dual side-pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 946 nm. For another application 10 mJ green laser pulses were obtained from a frequency-doubled passively Q-switched VCSEL-array endpumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. Both QCW and CW pumping schemes were investigated to achieve high average Q-switched power.
Core-Shell Silver/Polymeric Nanoparticles-Based Combinatorial Therapy against Breast Cancer In-vitro (2016)

The current study aimed at preparing AgNPs and three different core-shell silver/polymeric NPs composed of Ag core and three different polymeric shells: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Thereafter, the core/shell NPs were loaded with a chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Finally, the cytotoxic effects of the different core-shell Ag/polymeric NPs-based combinatorial therapeutics were tested in-vitro against breast cancer (MCF-7) and human fibroblast (1BR hTERT) cell lines. AgNPs, Ag/PVA and Ag/PVP NPs were more cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells than normal fibroblasts, as well as DOX-Ag, DOX-Ag/PVA, DOX-Ag/PEG and DOX-Ag/PVP nanocarriers (NCs). Notably, low dosage of core-shell DOX-loaded Ag/polymeric nanocarriers (NCs) exhibited a synergic anticancer activity, with DOX-Ag/PVP being the most cytotoxic. We believe that the prepared NPs-based combinatorial therapy showed a significant enhanced cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cells. Future studies on NPs-based combinatorial therapy may aid in formulating a novel and more effective cancer therapeutics.
HIV microarray for the mapping and characterization of HIV-specific antibody responses (2015)

We used the microarray technology to develop chips containing a comprehensive set of proteins and peptides covering the proteome of HIV-1 clade C, which is the HIV-1 subtype that causes the majority of infections worldwide. We demonstrate that the HIV microarray allows simultaneous, sensitive and specific detection of antibody responses for the major immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE) and subclasses (IgG1-4) with minute amounts of serum samples towards a large number of HIV antigens and peptides. Furthermore, we show that the HIV chip can be used for the monitoring of antibody responses during the course of the disease and during treatment. The HIV microarray should be useful to study antibody responses to multiple HIV antigens and epitopes in HIV-infected patients to explore pathomechanisms of the disease, for diagnosis and for monitoring of treatment and of vaccine trials.
Optimisation of phosphate loading on graphene oxide–Fe(<scp>iii</scp>) composites – possibilities for engineering slow release fertilisers (2019)

Engineering of a graphene-oxide based slow release P composite as an efficient, environmental friendly fertiliser.
<title>Three-dimensional active microcatheter combining shape memory alloy actuators and direct-drive tubular electrostatic micromotors</title> (1998)

This paper investigates 3D active microcatheters having millimeter size outer diameters. The proposed architectures combine mechanical cells which involve new direct-drive tubular electrostatic micromotors and conventional shape memory alloy actuators. The tubular electrostatic motors are actuated by silicon surface micromachined flexible stators. The polysilicon stators integrate up to several thousands of direct-drive electrostatic microactuators. However, they have been designed in order to provide a gap compensation at the rotor/motor frame interface. Multiple stator/rotor contact interactions involve a significant speed reduction that allow a large torque amplification, as a consequence of the torque/speed duality. These mechanical interactions allow the rotor to be moved with respect to the motor frame through direct-drive contact mechanisms, therefore allowing high torque/low speed characteristics to be performed. In such a way to get a 3D behavior, the microcatheter combines tubular electrostatic motors having flexible rotors. The rotors integrate Ti-Ni shape memory alloy wires which actuate a 2D bending motion on each mechanical cell. The 3D global behavior of the catheter is provided by the relative rotation of each cell, with respect to the other ones. The proposed architecture is particularly convenient with respect to the electric power supply which is, usually, the major problem in designing active microcatheters. A (Phi) 1 mm 3D active catheter is given as an example, but external diameters less than one millimeter can be easily expected, opening therefore numerous applications in the near future.
Metamaterial-based integrated plasmonic absorber/emitter for solar thermo-photovoltaic systems (2011)

We will present a concept of an integrated frequency selective absorber/emitter based on an ultra-thin plasmonic metamaterial for Solar Thermo-Photovoltaics (STPV) applications. By employing non-shiny metals (such as tungsten), the absorption spectrum of the metamaterial is designed to be broad-band in the visible range and narrow-band in the infrared range. A detailed balance calculation demonstrates the total STPV system e±ciency exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit for emitter temperatures above Te = 1200K, and an e±ciency as high as 41% for Te = 2300K. Such emitter temperature is shown to be achievable under modest Sun concentration (less than 1000 Suns) because of the thermal insulation provided by the metamaterial. Experimental demonstration of the wide-angle frequency selective absorptivity will be presented, and its implications for developing broadband infrared absorbers/emitters will be discussed.
Efficiently supporting ad hoc queries in large datasets of time sequences (1997)

Ad hoc querying is difficult on very large datasets, since it is usually not possible to have the entire dataset on disk. While compression can be used to decrease the size of the dataset, compressed data is notoriously difficult to index or access. In this paper we consider a very large dataset comprising multiple distinct time sequences. Each point in the sequence is a numerical value. We show how to compress such a dataset into a format that supports ad hoc querying, provided that a small error can be tolerated when the data is uncompressed. Experiments on large, real world datasets ( AT&T customer calling patterns) show that the proposed method achieves an average of less than 5% error in any data value after compressing to a mere 2.5% of the original space ( i.e. , a 40:1 compression ratio), with these numbers not very sensitive to dataset size. Experiments on aggregate queries achieved a 0.5% reconstruction error with a space requirement under 2%.
Thin film architecture for integrated optical circuits with a nonlinear interface (1990)

An integration architecture for optical computing can be based on the topology of an idealized nonlinear interface. Solid state multiplexing is possible with thin film multilayer stacks resulting in polarizers and phase retarders matched to the interface. Recent progress in controlling switching behavior at a nonlinear interface and the simple integration technique may warrant increased interest in this approach to optical computing.
Novel non planar ultra wide band quasi self-complementary antenna (2007)

In this paper we are presenting a novel compact, low profile, non-planar ultra wide band feed that has an input matching better than -11 dB over a decade of frequency bandwidth. In addition, the phase center location of this feed is also invariant over the frequency band.
A multivariate speech activity detector based on the syllable rate (1999)

Computationally efficient speech extraction algorithms have significant potential economic benefit, by automating an extremely tedious manual process. Previously, algorithms which discriminate between speech and one specific other signal type have been developed, and often fail when the specific non-speech signal is replaced by a different signal type. Moreover, several such signal specific discriminators have been combined in order to tackle the general speech vs. non-speech discrimination problem, with predictable negative results. When the number of discriminating features is large, compression methods such as principal components have been applied to reduce dimension, even though information may be lost in the process. In this paper, graphical tools are applied to determine a set of features which produce excellent speech vs. nonspeech clustering. This cluster structure provides the basis for a general speech vs. non-speech discriminator, which significantly outperforms the TALKATIVE speech extraction algorithm.
Near-field phase-change optical recording over 1.2 numerical aperture (1999)

Recently, solid immersion lenses (SILs) have yielded a great interest in near-field optical data storage. However, convincing data on areal recording density have yet to be reported. The difficulty is attributed to the fact that an air-bearing slider needs to be kept optically contacted and also that a tiny SIL is vulnerable to aberrations caused by an air gap between a lens and a disk. The air-bearing system cannot easily achieve the condition above because its linear velocity changes the air gap. We have developed a new SIL device mounted on an actuator, which allows the air gap to be varied arbitrarily and enables optical contact independent of disk rotation. The obtained eyepattern of (l,7)-coded data on a phase-change disk demonstrates near-field recording over 1.2- numerical-aperture (NA).
Direct detection of<i>Coccidioides</i>from Arizona soils using CocciENV, a highly sensitive and specific real-time PCR assay (2018)

Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are soil fungi endemic to desert regions of the southwestern United States, and the causative agents of valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis. Studies have shown that the distribution of Coccidioides in soils is sporadic and cannot be explained by soil characteristics alone, suggesting that biotic and other abiotic factors should be examined. However, tools to reliably and robustly screen the large number of soils needed to investigate these potential associations have not been available. Thus, we developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for testing environmental samples by modifying CocciDx, an assay validated for testing clinical specimens to facilitate coccidioidomycosis diagnosis. For this study, we collected soil samples from previously established locations of C. posadasii in Arizona and new locations in fall 2013 and spring 2014, and screened the extracted DNA with the new assay known as CocciEnv. To verify the presence of Coccidioides in soil using an alternate method, we employed next generation amplicon sequencing targeting the ITS2 region. Results show our modified assay, CocciEnv, is a rapid and robust method for detecting Coccidioides DNA in complex environmental samples. The ability to test a large number of soils for the presence of Coccidioides is a much-needed tool in the understanding of the ecology of the organism and epidemiology of the disease and will greatly improve our understanding of this human pathogen.
Targeting internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation to block hepatitis C and other RNA viruses (2004)

A number of RNA-containing viruses such as hepatitis C (HCV) and poliovirus (PV) that infect human beings and cause serious diseases use a common mechanism for synthesis of viral proteins, termed internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation. This mode of translation initiation involves entry of 40S ribosome internally to the 5 0 untranslated region (UTR) of viral RNA. Capdependent translation of cellular mRNAs, on the other hand, requires recognition of mRNA 5 0 cap by the translation machinery. In this review, we discuss two inhibitors that specifically inhibit viral IRES-mediated translation without interfering with cellular capdependent translation. We present evidence, which suggest that one of these inhibitors, a small RNA (called IRNA) originally isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inhibits viral IRES-mediated translation by sequestering both noncanonical transacting factors and canonical initiation factors required for IRES-mediated translation. The other inhibitor, a small peptide from the lupus autoantigen La (called LAP), appears to block binding of cellular transacting factors to viral IRES elements. These results suggest that it might be possible to target viral IRES-mediated translation for future development of therapeutic agents effective against a number of RNA viruses including HCV that exclusively use cap-independent translation for synthesis of viral proteins.
Integrated hollow waveguides with arch-shaped cores (2005)

An optical waveguide is described that has a hollow arch-shaped core. Optical confinement for this structure is based on the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide principle. The waveguides are built on a silicon substrate using a sacrificial etch technique with reflowed photoresist serving as the sacrificial material and producing the core's arch shape. Investigations of fabrication parameters are reported that allow for predicting a final arch-shaped geometry based on initial photoresist width and thickness. Optical mode guiding is demonstrated in an arch-shaped waveguide with a liquid core.
End-to-End 3D Hand Pose Estimation from Stereo Cameras (2022)

This work proposes an end-to-end approach to estimate full 3D hand pose from stereo cameras. Most existing methods of estimating hand pose from stereo cameras apply stereo matching to obtain depth map and use depth-based solution to estimate hand pose. In contrast, we propose to bypass the stereo matching and directly estimate the 3D hand pose from the stereo image pairs. The proposed neural network architecture extends from any keypoint predictor to estimate the sparse disparity of the hand joints. In order to effectively train the model, we propose a large scale synthetic dataset that is composed of stereo image pairs and ground truth 3D hand pose annotations. Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the existing methods based on the stereo depth.
Biochemical and Immunological Characterization of Truncated Fragments of the Receptor-Binding Domains of C. difficile Toxin A (2015)

Clostridium difficile is an emerging pathogen responsible for opportunistic infections in hospitals worldwide and is the main cause of antibiotic-associated pseudo-membranous colitis and diarrhea in humans. Clostridial toxins A and B (TcdA and TcdB) specifically bind to unknown glycoprotein(s) on the surface of epithelial cells in the host intestine, disrupting the intestinal barrier and ultimately leading to acute inflammation and diarrhea. The C-terminal receptor-binding domain (RBD) of TcdA, which is responsible for the initial binding of the toxin to host glycoproteins, has been predicted to contain 7 potential oligosaccharide-binding sites. To study the specific roles and functions of these 7 putative lectin-like binding regions, a consensus sequence of TcdA RBD derived from different C. difficile strains deposited in the NCBI protein database and three truncated fragments corresponding to the N-terminal (residues 1-411), middle (residues 296-701), and C-terminal portions (residues 524-911) of the RBD (F1, F2 and F3, respectively) were designed and expressed in Escherichia coli. In this study, the recombinant RBD (rRBD) and its truncated fragments were purified, characterized biologically and found to have the following similar properties: (a) are capable of binding to the cell surface of both Vero and Caco-2 cells; (b) possess Toll-like receptor agonist-like adjuvant activities that can activate dendritic cell maturation and increase the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines; and (c) function as potent adjuvants in the intramuscular immunization route to enhance immune responses against weak immunogens. Although F1, F2 and F3 have similar repetitive amino acid sequences and putative oligosaccharide-binding domains, they do not possess the same biological and immunological properties: (i) TcdA rRBD and its fragments bind to the cell surface, but only TcdA rRBD and F3 internalize into Vero cells within 15 min; (ii) the fragments exhibit various levels of hemagglutinin (HA) activity, with the exception of the F1 fragment, which demonstrates no HA activity; and (iii) in the presence of alum, all fragments elicit various levels of anti-toxin A-neutralizing antibody responses, but those neutralizing antibodies elicited by F2 did not protect mice against a TcdA challenge. Because TcdA rRBD, F1 and F3 formulated with alum can elicit immune protective responses against the cytotoxicity of TcdA, they represent potential components of future candidate vaccines against C. difficile-associated diseases.
Fabrication of an Optical Waveguide-Mode-Field Compressor in Glass Using a Femtosecond Laser (2018)

We report on fabrication of an optical waveguide-mode-field compressor in glass using a femtosecond laser. Our approach is based on building up a stress field within the waveguiding area which is realized by sandwiching the waveguide between a pair of laser-induced-modification-tracks. To induce an adiabatic conversion of the optical mode in the waveguide, the tracks are intentionally designed to be tapered along the waveguide. We show that our technique can allow for reducing the mode field size in a single mode waveguide from more than 10 μm to around 7 μm.