gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deepening of response after completing rituximab‐containing therapy in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (2019)

Rituximab-containing regimens are commonly used for frontline therapy in patients with symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). We had observed that a portion of WM patients experienced deepening of response months to years after therapy completion. We carried a retrospective study aimed at describing this phenomenon. We gathered baseline data, and responses at end of induction, end of maintenance and best response. Deepening of response was defined as ≥25% decrease in serum IgM achieved at a later time from therapy completion. Of 178 patients included, 116 (65%) received maintenance therapy and 62 (35%) were observed. In patients who received maintenance, 44 (38%) had ≥25% decrease in serum IgM level after the end of maintenance with a median time from end of maintenance to lowest IgM level of 1.6 years (range 0.1-7.9 years). In patients who were observed, 19 (31%) had ≥25% decrease in serum IgM level after the end of induction with a median time from end of induction to lowest IgM level of 1.6 years (range 0.2-5.1 years). Baseline hemoglobin <11.5 g/dL, bone marrow involvement ≥50%, CXCR4 mutations and serum IgM ≥4000 mg/dL were associated with lower odds of deepening of response after therapy completion. Deepening of response was associated with better progression-free survival (PFS; HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.80; P = .006) and better survival after frontline treatment initiation (SAFTI; HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.73; P = .01). In conclusion, deepening of response occurs in one third of WM patients after completing rituximab-containing regimens and was associated with better PFS and SAFTI.
Efficacy of a Vitamin/Nutriceutical Formulation for Moderate-stage to Later-stage Alzheimer's disease: A Placebo-controlled Pilot Study (2008)

Recent studies demonstrated efficacy of a vitamin/ nutriceutical formulation (folate, vitamin B12, alpha-tocopherol, S-adenosyl methionine, N-acetyl cysteine, and acetyl-L-carnitine) for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we tested the efficacy of this formulation in a small cohort of 12 institutionalized patients diagnosed with moderate-stage to later-stage Alzheimer's disease. Participants were randomly separated into treatment of placebo groups. Participants receiving the formulation demonstrated a clinically significant delay in decline in the Dementia Rating Scale and clock-drawing test as compared to those receiving placebo. Institutional caregivers reported approximately 30% improvement in the Neuropyschiatric Inventory and maintenance of performance in the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living for more than 9 months. This formulation holds promise for delaying the decline in cognition, mood, and daily function that accompanies the progression of Alzheimer's disease, and may be particularly useful as a supplement for pharmacological approaches during later stages of this disorder. A larger trial is warranted.
The DTC loudspeaker (1997)

The property of ‘‘directional tone color,’’ especially characteristic of a violin [G. Weinreich, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101 (to be published)], consists of a directional radiation pattern which is a very strong function both of angle and of frequency. This can produce the illusion that each note (in fact, each harmonic of each note) is coming from a different direction, confusing the common psychoacoustic cues and endowing the sound with a specially striking spatial sense. A loudspeaker has been constructed in which a single driver drives four pipes of different lengths, with their mouths forming a three-dimensional pattern of roughly 20-cm spacing. This produces four sources whose phases vary rapidly with frequency, and which interfere with each other so as to produce the type of pattern desired. The result (which will be demonstrated), when driven by a monophonic signal, appears to ‘‘fill space’’ more strikingly than many stereo systems. The paper will also discuss other ways in which the effect might be produced (for example, by using a number of drivers with varying signal delays), various applications (in particular, for pipe organ music), and implications for the way in which stereo music is perceived. [Work supported by NSF.]
Intracellular expression of the T-cell factor-1 RNA aptamer as an intramer (2006)

T-cell factor (TCF)-1 protein forms the transcriptional complex with beta-catenin and regulates the expression of diverse target genes during early development and carcinogenesis. We have selected previously an RNA aptamer that binds to the DNA-binding domain of TCF-1 and have shown that it interfered with binding of TCF-1 to its specific DNA recognition sequences in vitro. As an approach to modulate the transcription by TCF/beta-catenin complex in the cells, we have developed the RNA expression vector for stable expression of RNA aptamer inside of the mammalian cells. High level of RNA was expressed as an intramer in the fusion with the stable RNA transcript. The RNA intramer inhibited TCF/beta-catenin transcription activity as shown by luciferase assay. It also modulated the expression of TCF/beta-catenin target genes, such as cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-7, as predicted to be as an effective inhibitor of the TCF function. In addition, it efficiently reduced the growth rate and tumorigenic potential of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Such RNA intramer could lead to valuable gene therapeutics for TCF/beta-catenin-mediated carcinogenesis.
Effect of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, on social and aggressive behaviour of <i>para</i>-chloroamphetamine-injected rats (2009)

These results suggest that yokukansan might have two different effects: an acute effect on social behaviour and a chronic effect on aggressive behaviour. One of the mechanisms of these effects of yokukansan may be related to the agonistic effect on 5-HT1A receptors.
Enantioselective Allylic C−H Oxidation of Terminal Olefins to Isochromans by Palladium(II)/Chiral Sulfoxide Catalysis (2016)

The enantioselective synthesis of isochroman motifs has been accomplished by palladium(II)-catalyzed allylic C-H oxidation from terminal olefin precursors. Critical to the success of this goal was the development and utilization of a novel chiral aryl sulfoxide-oxazoline (ArSOX) ligand. The allylic C-H oxidation reaction proceeds with the broadest scope and highest levels of asymmetric induction reported to date (avg. 92 % ee, 13 examples with greater than 90 % ee).
Cumulus cell gene expression is associated with oocyte developmental quality and influenced by patient and treatment characteristics (2010)

The expression of ovulation related genes in CC is associated with patient and treatment characteristics, oocyte developmental potential and differs with the type of gonadotrophin used.
TLR9 adjuvants enhance immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the SE36/AHG malaria vaccine in nonhuman primate models (2013)

The SE36 antigen, derived from serine repeat antigen 5 (SERA5) of Plasmodium falciparum, is a promising blood stage malaria vaccine candidate. Ongoing clinical trials suggest the efficacy of the SE36 vaccine could be increased by the incorporation of more effective adjuvants into the vaccine formulation. In this study, we assessed the safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SE36/AHG formulated with TLR9 ligand adjuvants K3 CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides (CpG ODNs) (K3 ODN), D3 ODN or synthetic hemozoin, in two non-human primate models. SE36/AHG with or without each adjuvant was administrated to cynomolgus monkeys. A combination of TLR9 ligand adjuvant with SE36/AHG induced higher humoral and cellular immune response compared with SE36/AHG alone. Administration of a crude extract of P. falciparum parasite resulted in the induction of more SE36-specific IgG antibodies in monkeys vaccinated with a combination of SE36/AHG and adjuvant, as opposed to vaccination with SE36/AHG alone. The most effective TLR9 ligand, K3 ODN, was chosen for further vaccine trials in squirrel monkeys, in combination with SE36/AHG. All monkeys immunized with the combined SE36/AHG and K3 ODN formulation effectively suppressed parasitemia and symptoms of malaria following challenge infections. Furthermore, no serious adverse events were observed. Our results show that the novel vaccine formulation of K3 ODN with SE36/AHG demonstrates safety, potent immunogenicity and efficacy in nonhuman primates, and this vaccine formulation may form the basis of a more effective malaria vaccine.
Responses of insect cells to baculovirus infection: protein synthesis shutdown and apoptosis (1997)

Protein synthesis is globally shut down at late times postinfection in the baculovirus Autographa californica M nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV)-infected gypsy moth cell line Ld652Y. A single gene, hrf-1, from another baculovirus, Lymantria dispar M nucleopolyhedrovirus, is able to preclude protein synthesis shutdown and ensure production of AcMNPV progeny in Ld652Y cells (S. M. Thiem, X. Du, M. E. Quentin, and M. M. Berner, J. Virol. 70:2221-2229, 1996; X. Du and S. M. Thiem, Virology 227:420-430, 1997). AcMNPV contains a potent antiapoptotic gene, p35, and protein synthesis arrest was reported in apoptotic insect cells induced by infection with AcMNPV lacking p35. In exploring the function of host range factor 1 (HRF-1) and the possible connection between protein synthesis shutdown and apoptosis, a series of recombinant AcMNPVs with different complements of p35 and hrf-1 were employed in apoptosis and protein synthesis assays. We found that the apoptotic suppressor AcMNPV P35 was translated prior to protein synthesis shutdown and functioned to prevent apoptosis. HRF-1 prevented protein synthesis shutdown even when the cells were undergoing apoptosis, but HRF-1 could not functionally substitute for P35. The DNA synthesis inhibitor aphidicolin could block both apoptosis and protein synthesis shutdown in Ld652Y cells infected with p35 mutant AcMNPVs but not the protein synthesis shutdown in wild-type AcMNPV-infected Ld652Y cells. These data suggest that protein synthesis shutdown and apoptosis are separate responses of Ld652Y cells to AcMNPV infection and that P35 is involved in inducing a protein synthesis shutdown response in the absence of late viral gene expression in Ld652Y cells. A model was developed for these responses of Ld652Y cells to AcMNPV infection.
Evaluation of Autoantibodies in Patients with Primary and Secondary Sjogren’s Syndrome (2017)

While more studies are needed, antibodies to SP1, CA6 and PSP provide valuable markers for the diagnosis of primary and secondary SS, especially early in the course of the disease.
A Rational Structured Epitope Defines a Distinct Subclass of Toxic Amyloid-beta Oligomers (2018)

Oligomers of amyloid-β (AβO) are deemed key in synaptotoxicity and amyloid seeding of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of AβO and inadequate markers for AβO subtypes have stymied effective AβO identification and therapeutic targeting in vivo. We identified an AβO-subclass epitope defined by differential solvent orientation of the lysine 28 side chain in a constrained loop of serine-asparagine-lysine (cSNK), rarely displayed in molecular dynamics simulations of monomer and fibril ensembles. A mouse monoclonal antibody targeting AβO<sup>cSNK</sup> recognizes ∼50-60 kDa SDS-resistant soluble Aβ assemblages in AD brain and prolongs the lag phase of Aβ aggregation in vitro. Acute peripheral infusion of a murine IgG1 anti-AβO<sup>cSNK</sup> in two AD mouse models reduced soluble brain Aβ aggregates by 20-30%. Chronic cSNK peptide immunization of APP/PS1 mice engendered an anti-AβO<sup>cSNK</sup> IgG1 response without epitope spreading to Aβ monomers or fibrils and was accompanied by preservation of global PSD95 expression and improved cued fear memory. Our data indicate that the oligomer subtype AβO<sup>cSNK</sup> participates in synaptotoxicity and propagation of Aβ aggregation in vitro and in vivo.
Biochemistry and molecular biology of the human CYP2C subfamily (1994)

The cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a superfamily of hemoproteins which metabolize foreign chemicals as well as a number of endogenous compounds such as steroids. The human CYP 2C subfamily appears to principally metabolize a number of clinically used drugs. Four members of this subfamily have been identified in humans: CYP 2C8, CYP 2C9. CYP 2C18, and CYP 2C19. CYP 2C9 is important in the metabolism certain of therapeutically used drugs including the anticoagulant drug warfarin and a number of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. A number of allelic variants of CYP 2C9 exist in humans, but the effects of these allelic variants on metabolism in vivo remain to be determined. A well-characterized genetic polymorphism occurs in the 2C subfamily which is associated with the metabolism of the anticonvulsant drug mephenytoin. In population studies, individuals can be segregated into extensive and poor metabolizers of mephenytoin. Poor metabolizers are unable to 4'-hydroxylate the S-enantiomer of mephenytoin. There are marked interracial variations in the frequency of the poor metabolizer phenotype which represents 3–5% of Caucasians, but 18–23% of Oriental populations. The mechanism of this polymorphism has been recently elucidated. The enzyme responsible for S-mephenytoin metabolism has been shown to be CYP2C19, and two defects in the CYP 2C19 gene have been described in poor metabolizers. The first defect, CYP 2C19m1, consists of the creation of an aberrant splice site in exon 5. This defect accounts for 75–85% of Caucasian and Japanese poor metabolizers. A second defect, CYP 2C 19m2, has been found only in Oriental populations and accounts for the remaining 25% of poor metabolizers in Japanese populations. The availability of genotyping tests for this polymorphism will enhance the assessment of the role of this pathway in clinical studies.
Fabrication and Investigation of Flexible Photo-Thermo Electrochemical Cells based on Cu/orange dye aqueous solution/Cu (2015)

This study presents the fabrication and investigation of flexible photo-thermo electrochemical cells based on Cu/orange dye aqueous solution/Cu. The cell consists of flexible polymer tube casing and Cu electrodes. The polymer casing is filled with 5 wt.% aqueous solution of orange dye, which is an organic semiconductor. Between two copper electrodes the temperature gradient (ΔT) of 7-10 °C is created by low power electric heater or light. It is found that at temperature gradient of 10 °C the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc) and the Seebeck coefficient are equal to 18-20 mV, 0.4-0.5 μA and 1.9-2.2 mV/°C, respectively. The output electric power of one cell is up to 0.26 μW on average.
Microfluidic Removal of Cumulus Cells from Mammalian Zygotes (2004)

Micron-sized fluid channels have been used for biology-related procedures, such as single-cell manipulation (1–3), cell deformation (4,5), cell assays (6), and subcellular molecule positioning (7). Owing to laminar fluid flow on this scale, small volumes of fluid can be precisely controlled (8,9). Microfluidic tools allow for the control and manipulation on the size scale of a single embryo (10). Precise microfluidic manipulation can be employed to perform multiple IVP-processing steps (11–13).
Statins and their potential for osteoporosis (2001)

The observation made several years ago that statins dramatically increase bone formation rates in rodents has provoked a much interest. Statins are natural product extracts that inhibit the enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. As a consequence, they reduce serum cholesterol and the subsequent risk of heart attack. These drugs are among the most widely prescribed in Western countries, with more than three million Americans taking a statin every day. Because there is no currently available and acceptable oral agent that stimulates formation of substantial amounts of new bone, this raises the possibility that safe oral agents such as these may be the longsought-after anabolic agent for the treatment of patients with established osteoporosis. Most of the statins exist as prodrugs (lactones), which do not inhibit HMG-CoA reductase but are readily converted by esterases to the active form. Although the first statins were natural product extracts, several of the more recent ones are synthetic, and appear to be more powerful and with different pharmacokinetic properties from the original statins. The statins were selected for their capacity to target the liver and most are subject to metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Some of these hepatic metabolites are active and some are inactive. Most of the statins are very lipid-soluble and enter cells easily, but some of the newer, synthetic statins, such as pravastatin and robuvastatin, are more water-soluble and probably depend on specific carrier mechanisms in hepatic cells for entry into these cells.
Randomized Space-Time Coding for Distributed Cooperative Communication (2007)

We study the design of distributed space-time codes for cooperative communication. We assume that each node is equipped with a single antenna; however, to obtain diversity and coding gains, the cooperating nodes act as elements of a multiantenna system. With few exceptions, most of the literature on the subject proposes coding rules in which each node emulates a predetermined antenna of a multiantenna system. Since the nodes need to know their specific antenna index, either internode communication or a central control unit is required. Our design objective is to obtain diversity and coding gains while eliminating the need for code or antenna allocation. We achieve our objective by introducing novel randomized strategies that decentralize the transmission of a space time code from a set of distributed relays. Our simple idea is to let each node transmit an independent random linear combination of the codewords that would have been transmitted by all the elements of a multiantenna system. In addition to introducing this new class of designs, we fully characterize the diversity order of the corresponding symbol error probability and also analyze how the performance is linked to different choices of the statistics of the random coefficients. We show that the proposed scheme achieves full diversity (N) if N < L, where N is the number of transmitters and L is the number of antennas assumed in the underlying space-time code structure. The diversity order L is achieved if N > L . Interestingly, in certain cases (e.g.,N = L = 2 ), we show that the achieved diversity order is fractional (d* = 1.5)!
Interband cascade laser progress (2008)

Recent advances in the development of mid-IR antimonide type-II "W" interband cascade lasers have led to a considerably improved high-temperature operation of the devices. We report an experimental investigation of four interband cascade lasers with wavelengths spanning the mid-infrared spectral range, <i>i.e., </i>2.9-5.2 μm near room temperature in pulsed mode. One broad-area device had a pulsed threshold current density of only 3.8 A/cm<sup></sup> at 78 K (λ = 3.6 μm) and 590 A/cm<sup>2</sup> at 300 K (λ = 4.1 μm). The room-temperature threshold for the shortest-wavelength device (λ = 2.6-2.9 μm) was even lower, 450 A/cm<sup>2</sup>. A cavity-length study of the lasers emitting at 3.6-4.1 μm yielded an internal loss varying from 7.8 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 78 K to 24 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 300 K, accompanied by a decrease of the internal efficiency from 77% to 45%. Preliminary cw testing led to a narrow-ridge device from one of the wafers with emission at λ = 4.1 μm operating to 288 K, a new record for interband devices in this wavelength range.
Multiple Routing Configurations for Fast Re-route in Software Defined Networks (2016)

Real-time services in IP networks require a fast switching of disrupted traffic to alternate paths in case of link/node failures to satisfy their stringent Quality of Service requirements. Multi Topology Routing (MTR) based IP Fast Re-route (IPFRR) technologies rely on virtual topologies to seamlessly forward the IP packets during network failures by activating the proactively computed alternate routes which avoid the failed component. Multiple Routing Configurations (MRC) is a widely studied MTR based IPFRR technique which provide full protection against network failures. In this paper, a new MRC-based fast re-route technique for Software Defined Networks (SDN) is proposed. Our experimental results show that our approach considerably reduces the recovery time from network failures compared to the reactive Shortest Path First (SPF) routing.
Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposites Formed from an Epoxy Polymer and a Layered Silicic Acid (Magadiite) (1996)

The first examples of organic polymer-layered silicic acid nanocomposites have been prepared by formation of a cured epoxy polymer network in the presence of organo cation-exchange forms of magadite. The transparency of the exfoliated magadiite hybrid is an especially notable property.
A high-speed 128 Kbit MRAM core for future universal memory applications (2004)

A 128 Kb MRAM (Magnetic Random Access Memory) test chip has been fabricated utilizing for the first time a 0.18 /spl mu/m, VDD=1.8 V, logic process technology with Cu backend of line. The presented design uses a 1.4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ ITIMTJ (1-Transistor/1-Magnetic Tunnel Junction) cell and features a symmetrical high-speed sensing architecture using complementary reference cells and configurable load devices. Extrapolations from test chip measurements and circuit assessments predict a 5 ns random array read access time and random write operations with <5 ns write pulse width.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

The fate of somatic cells can be converted to the pluripotent state by the combination of a few transcription factors. This technology is expected to overcome the issues of embryonic stem cells. In addition, such reprogrammed cells, when derived from genetic disorders, may contribute towards an understanding of pathogenesis. In this chapter, the past, present and future of reprogramming are introduced, together with details of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Fluorescence optical imaging in turbid media using independent component analysis (2005)

An information theory approach for optical imaging of fluorescent inhomogeneities within turbid media using independent component analysis is outlined. Results for localization and characterization of fluorescent objects in turbid media from experiments are presented.
T7 promoter contacts essential for promoter activity<i>in vivo</i> (1992)

T7 RNA polymerase promoters consist of a highly conserved 23 base-pair sequence that spans the site of the initiation of transcription (+1) and extends from -17 to +6. To determine the bases within the T7 consensus promoter that are essential for promoter function a library of mutant T7 promoters was constructed, and the in vivo activity of the mutant promoters was correlated to their sequence. The library of mutant promoters was created by randomly mutagenizing the T7 phi 10 promoter between positions -22 and +6 during the synthesis of oligonucleotides containing the phi 10 promoter. The mutagenized oligonucleotides were then ligated to a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene creating a plasmid (pCM-X#) that can potentially express chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the presence of T7 RNA polymerase. E. coli containing pCM-X# and a second compatible plasmid carrying T7 gene 1 (T7 RNA polymerase) were screened for chloramphenicol resistance or chloramphenicol sensitivity. The point mutations that were found to inactivate a T7 promoter are a C to A or G substitution at -7, a T to A substitution at -8, a C to A, T, or G substitution at -9, and a G to T substitution at -11.