gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of the Fe‐hydrogenase during anaerobic adaptation in the green alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2002)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, contains a hydrogenase enzyme, which is induced by anaerobic adaptation of the cells. Using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) approach, the differential expression of genes under anaerobiosis was analyzed. A PCR fragment with similarity to the genes of bacterial Fe-hydrogenases was isolated and used to screen an anaerobic cDNA expression library of C. reinhardtii. The cDNA sequence of hydA contains a 1494-bp ORF encoding a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 53.1 kDa. The transcription of the hydrogenase gene is very rapidly induced during anaerobic adaptation of the cells. The deduced amino-acid sequence corresponds to two polypeptide sequences determined by sequence analysis of the isolated native protein. The Fe-hydrogenase contains a short transit peptide of 56 amino acids, which routes the hydrogenase to the chloroplast stroma. The isolated protein belongs to a new class of Fe-hydrogenases. All four cysteine residues and 12 other amino acids, which are strictly conserved in the active site (H-cluster) of Fe-hydrogenases, have been identified. The N-terminus of the C. reinhardtii protein is markedly truncated compared to other non-algal Fe-hydrogenases. Further conserved cysteines that coordinate additional Fe-S-cluster in other Fe-hydrogenases are missing. Ferredoxin PetF, the natural electron donor, links the hydrogenase from C. reinhardtii to the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The hydrogenase enables the survival of the green algae under anaerobic conditions by transferring the electrons from reducing equivalents to the enzyme.
Towards a 2D Printer: A Deterministic Cross Contamination-free Transfer\n Method for Atomically Layered Materials (2018)

Precision and chip contamination-free placement of two-dimensional (2D)\nmaterials is expected to accelerate both the study of fundamental properties\nand novel device functionality. Current transfer methods of 2D materials onto\nan arbitrary substrate deploy wet chemistry and viscoelastic stamping. However,\nthese methods produce a) significant cross contamination of the substrate due\nto the lack of spatial selectivity b) may not be compatible with chemically\nsensitive device structures, and c) are challenged with respect to spatial\nalignment. Here, we demonstrate a novel method of transferring 2D materials\nresembling the functionality known from printing; utilizing a combination of a\nsharp micro-stamper and viscoelastic polymer, we show precise placement of\nindividual 2D materials resulting in vanishing cross contamination to the\nsubstrate. Our 2D printer-method results show an aerial cross contamination\nimprovement of two to three orders of magnitude relative to state-of-the-art\ndry and direct transfer methods. Moreover, we find that the 2D material quality\nis preserved in this transfer method. Testing this 2D material printer on\ntaped-out integrated Silicon photonic chips, we find that the micro-stamper\nstamping transfer does not physically harm the underneath Silicon nanophotonic\nstructures such as waveguides or micro-ring resonators receiving the 2D\nmaterial. Such accurate and substrate-benign transfer method for 2D materials\ncould be industrialized for rapid device prototyping due to its high\ntime-reduction, accuracy, and contamination-free process.\n
Enzyme-Instructed Molecular Self-assembly Confers Nanofibers and a Supramolecular Hydrogel of Taxol Derivative (2009)

By covalently connecting taxol with a motif that is prone to self-assemble, we successfully generate the precursor (5a), the hydrogelator (5b), and hydrogel of a taxol derivative without compromising the cytotoxic activity of the taxol. This approach promises a general method to create nanofibers of therapeutic molecules that have a dual role, as both the delivery vehicle and the drug itself.
An improved impact technique for monitoring percutaneous implant integrity. (2008)

The results of the in vitro testing indicate that greater resolution and accuracy can be achieved from an impact test that utilizes a clinical measurement protocol and independent analysis of the impact accelerometer signal.
<title>See-through display with a holographic illuminator</title> (1998)

A new type of display equipped with a transparent screen was proposed. One can see the background of the display through the screen on which the information is displayed. The see- through display was constructed by two main components; a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) panel and an illuminating unit with an edge-lit hologram. The OFF pixels in the scattering mode of the PDLC were illuminated by monochromatic light from the illuminator to display necessary information and/or patterns. The other part of the display was clear and the background was observed through the display because the ON pixels as well as the illuminator were transparent. The design to realize the multi-color display as well as the process to make quality edge-lit holograms were also discussed.
New nonlinear-optical crystal: LiB_3O_5 (1989)

The boron–oxygen compound LiB3O5 is recognized as a new nonlinear-optical crystal. This follows theoretical calculations of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients using the anionic group theory and the complete neglect of differential overlap approximation to obtain the localized wave functions of component groups. An optically perfect single crystal with space group Pna21, grown at the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter by the high-temperature flux method, is found to be transparent from 160 nm to 2.6 μm. It has a SHG coefficient comparable with that of β-BaB2O4 as well as two other outstanding advantages: a high damage threshold of 25 GW/cm2 (at 1.064 μm, 0.1 nsec) and a wide acceptance angle of 25 mrad for θ ≠ 90° and 95 mrad for θ = 90° with a 6-mm-long crystal.
Synthesis of 6- and 7- Hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and Their Binding Affinity for the Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters (2001)

Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the central nervous system. Its reinforcing and stimulant effects are related to its ability to inhibit the membrane bound dopamine transporter (DAT). Inhibition of the DAT causes an increase of dopamine in the synapse with a resultant activation of postsynaptic receptors. The rapid onset and short duration of action of cocaine contribute to its high addictive potential. Consequently, the design of tropane analogues of cocaine that display longer onset times on the DAT and extended duration of action is driven by the need to develop cocaine medication. This study extends the exploration of bridge hydroxylated azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes (tropanes). A series of 6- and 7-hydroxylated tropanes was prepared and evaluated biologically. Structure activity relationships lead to the following conclusions. Bridge hydroxylated tropanes retain biological enantioselectivity but display higher DAT versus SERT selectivity, particularly for the 3 alpha-aryl compounds as compared with the 3beta-aryl compounds, than the bridge unsubstituted analogues. The 7-hydroxyl compounds are more potent at the DAT than their 6-hydroxyl counterparts. The general SAR of the tropanes is maintained and the rank order of potencies based on substitution at the C3 position remains 3,4-dichloro > 2-naphthyl > 4-fluoro > phenyl.
Hyperbolic metamaterials-based plasmonic biosensor for fluid biopsy with single molecule sensitivity (2017)

Plasmonic sensors are one of the most powerful optical biosensors, which can be used for the detection of small numbers of molecules at ultra-low concentrations. However, the detection of dilute analytes of low molecular weight (<500 Da) is still a challenging task using currently available plasmonic biosensors. Here, we demonstrate the detection of both lower and heavier molecular weight biomolecules close to single molecule level using a novel plasmonic biosensor platform based on hyperbolic metamaterials. We show experimentally the extraordinary spectral and angular sensitivities of the biosensor platform, from visible to near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, by exciting the bulk plasmon polaritons associated with hyperbolic metamaterials.
A Statistics-Based Approach to Binary Image Registration with Uncertainty Analysis (2006)

A new technique is described for the registration of edge-detected images. While an extensive literature exists on the problem of image registration, few of the current approaches include a well-defined measure of the statistical confidence associated with the solution. Such a measure is essential for many autonomous applications, where registration solutions that are dubious (involving poorly focused images or terrain that is obscured by clouds) must be distinguished from those that are reliable (based on clear images of highly structured scenes). The technique developed herein utilizes straightforward edge pixel matching to determine the "best" among a class of candidate translations. A well-established statistical procedure, the McNemar test, is then applied to identify which other candidate solutions are not significantly worse than the best solution. This allows for the construction of confidence regions in the space of the registration parameters. The approach is validated through a simulation study and examples are provided of its application in numerous challenging scenarios. While the algorithm is limited to solving for two-dimensional translations, its use in validating solutions to higher-order (rigid body, affine) transformation problems is demonstrated.
Coordination Chemistry of Cyclopropenylidene‐Stabilized Phosphenium Cations: Synthesis and Reactivity of Pd and Pt Complexes (2014)

A straightforward synthesis of cyclopropenylidene-stabilized phosphenium cations 1 a-g through the reaction of [(iPr2N)2C3(+)Cl]BF4 with secondary phosphines is described. Their donor ability was evaluated by analysis of the CO stretching frequency in Rh complexes [RhCl(CO)L2](BF4)2 and electrochemical methods. The cyclopropenium ring induces a phosphite-type behavior that can be tuned by the other two substituents attached to the phosphorus atom. Despite of the positive charge that they bear, phosphenium cations 1 a-g still act as two-electron donor ligands, forming adducts with Pd(II) and Pt(II) precursors. Conversely, in the presence of Pd(0) species, an oxidative insertion of the Pd atom into the Ccarbene-phosphorus bond takes place, providing dimeric structures in which each Pd atom is bonded to a cyclopropenyl carbene while two dialkyl/diaryl phosphide ligands serve as bridges between the two Pd centers. The catalytic performance of the resulting library of Pt(II) complexes was tested; all of the cationic phosphines accelerated the prototype 6-endo-dig cyclization of 2-ethynyl-1,1'-biphenyl to afford pentahelicene. The best ligand 1 g was used in the synthesis of two natural products, chrysotoxene and epimedoicarisoside A.
Multistepped x-ray crystal diffractor based on a pseudospherical geometry (1998)

A new type of x-ray focusing crystal diffractor based on a pseudo-spherical stepped geometry is presented. This device is a particular stepped surface, where each element is a spherically bent rectangular crystal, whose reflecting planes are parallel to the surface and oriented so as to fulfill the Bragg condition. The area of each surface element (step) is chosen such as to define the same solid angle. Theoretical parameters and performances of a high resolution Multi-Stepped Monochromator (MSM) based on this geometry are estimated for some typical applications. To this aim, an original approach that allows to determine the Bragg reflection area of each element has been developed and applied both to spherical and pseudo-spherical diffractors. The calculations indicate that the gain of the proposed optical design is significantly enhanced as compared to the best crystal devices bi- dimensionally focusing. In particular in the high resolution conditions, the gain in spectral throughput of a MSM device is about one order of magnitude, with respect a conventional one.
Cyclic Peptides for Effective Treatment in a Long-Term Model of Graves Disease and Orbitopathy in Female Mice (2017)

A model for human Graves disease in mice was used to compare several treatment approaches. The mice received regular adenovirus (Ad) thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) A subunit immunizations (injections every 4 weeks). The generation of anti-TSHR antibodies, enlarged thyroid sizes (goiter), elevated serum thyroxine levels, retro-orbital fibrosis, and cardiac involvement (tachycardia and hypertrophy) were consistently observed over 9 months. Treatment of established disease in these mice using cyclic peptides that mimic one of the cylindrical loops of the TSHR leucine-rich repeat domain improved or cured all investigated parameters after six consecutive monthly injections. The first significant beneficial effects were observed 3 to 4 months after starting these therapies. In immunologically naïve mice, administration of any of the cyclic peptides did not induce any immune response. In contrast, monthly injections of the full antigenic TSHR A domain as fusion protein with immunoglobulin G crystallizable fragment induced clinical signs of allergy in Ad-TSHR-immunized mice and anti-TSHR antibodies in naïve control mice. In conclusion, cyclic peptides resolved many clinical findings in a mouse model of established Graves disease and orbitopathy. In contrast to blocking TSHR by allosteric modulation, the approach does not incur a direct receptor antagonism, which might offer a favorable side effect profile.
Detecting flaws formed in surfaces of rotating members with ultrasonic waves (1991)

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Improved Composite Flexible Blanket Insulation (1993)

Improved composite flexible blanket insulation is quilt of layers of advanced lightweight insulating materials. Each layer designed to optimize contribution to inhibition of radiative, conductive, and/or convective transfer of heat from hot side to cold side. Intended to protect spacecraft against heating during reentry into atmosphere, used on Earth where requirements for lightweight, flexible, highly efficient insulating materials protect people and equipment against temperatures up to about 1,650 degrees C. Such as, furnace curtains and insulating layers on firefighting equipment and protective clothing.
Properties and Performance of Quantum Well Thermoelectric Materials (2010)

New and more efficient thermoelectric (TE) materials that make use of nanotechnology have been developed. These new materials, called quantum wells (QW), are composed of alternating layers of 10 nm thick silicon and SiGe films. They can be deposited by various techniques and magnetron sputtering was used to obtain uniform layered structures that exhibited no degradation of the TE properties or microstructure after thermal aging. For QW thin films, the heat and current flow are “in plane” and in this orientation all of the thermoelectric properties (the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivty, and the thermal conductivity) are improved to increase the TE Figure of Merit, ZT (see equation 3, p. 4, for the definition of Z). From the most recent QW test data, ZTs greater than 3 at room temperature have been obtained which constitutes a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art (SOTA) bulk thermoelectrics which have ZTs less than 1. QW materials have the best measured TE power factor (Seebeck coefficient squared divided by electrical resistivity) and, combined with low thermal conductivity substrates, should provide very high efficiency TE modules. The QW TE materials with ZTs greater than 3 lead to conversion efficiencies greater than 20 percent, which allows for much wider commercial applications, particularly in the applications such as the waste-heat recovery from truck engines, refrigeration, and air conditioning, where the SOTA bulk TE modules were shown to be technically feasible but economically unjustified due to low conversion efficiencies. With higher efficiency QW materials, these applications become economically attractive. For the refrigeration and air conditioning applications, the QW TE materials are predicted to have higher coefficients of performance (COP) than the SOTA vapor compression systems, with the additional advantages of having no compressors, no moving parts, no refrigerants, no vibrations, no noise, and practically no maintenance. With such significant advantages, it is very important to have independent confirmation of the QW TE properties that lead to such improved performance. Three independent researchers have confirmed the previously measured QW TE properties using conventional test techniques, and a totally new test technique was developed to measure the TE properties and performance and the results provided yet another confirmation of the superior TE performance of the QW materials versus the SOTA bulk thermoelectrics. The temperature range for the applications is anticipated to be as low as −150C to the upper temperature of 1000C, with the power generation capacity ranging from milliwatts to kilowatts and cooling capacity ranging from watts to several tons of refrigeration.
First demonstration of laser computed tomographyofhuman tooth by coherent detection imaging (1995)

The optical heterodyne technique with an argon laser as the source is used to obtain the first laser tomographic images of an extracted human tooth. The different layers of the internal structure of tooth such as dentine and pulp cavity can be clearly discerned with submillimetre resolution.
On market-based coordination of Thermostatically Controlled Loads with user preference (2014)

This paper presents a market-based control framework to coordinate a group of Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCL) to achieve system-level objectives with price incentives. The problem is formulated as maximizing the social welfare subject to a feeder power constraint. It allows the coordinator to affect the aggregated power of a group of dynamical systems, and creates an interactive market where the users and the coordinator cooperatively determine the optimal energy allocation and energy price. The optimal pricing strategy is derived, which maximizes social welfare while respecting the feeder power constraint. The bidding strategy is also designed for the coordinator to compute the optimal price based on local device information. Numerical simulations based on realistic price and model data are performed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively maximize the social welfare and reduce power congestion at key times.
Abstract 735: Synthesis of substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as anticancer agents (2010)

Abstract The 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety is commonly found in biologically active molecules of either natural or synthetic origin, making its derivatives excellent candidates as potential pharmaceutical agents. The tetraydroisoquinoline family of alkaloids includes potent cytotoxic agents that display a range of biological properties such as antitumor and antimicrobial activities studied thoroughly over the past 25 years, starting with the isolation of naphthyridinomycin in 1974. 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1-MeTIQ) is considered to be a possible endogenous anti-parkinsonism agent that is present in the mouse, rat, monkey and human brain. Therefore, the discovery of novel and safer anticancer drugs represents a challenging goal for our research program. In the current investigation, we synthesized a few analogs maintaining the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety with modifications on the phenyl ring by introducing groups with various electronic, steric and lipophilic properties. The starting material, 2-aminoisoquinoliniumiodide was obtained by the reaction of hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid, water, and isoquinoline after heating at 90 oC for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, potassium carbonate added, and the water was evaporated. Ethanol was added to the solid residue and the insoluble potassium sulfate was filtered out. Hydroiodic acid was added to the filtrate, and the resulting solution was placed in a freezer for overnight. The precipitate was filtered out, washed with ethanol, and dried in vacuo. The crude product was used for the next step without further purification. Reaction of the 2-aminoisoquinoliniumiodide with substituted benzoyl chlorides/benzenesulfonyl chlorides in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran containing triethylamine gave stable benzoyl/benzenesulfonyl imino ylides. This was followed by reduction with sodium borohydride in absolute ethanol, which furnished the target compounds, 1-(substituted benzoyl/benzenesulfonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti cancer activity on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and Ishikawa breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity activities of the compounds were tested using tomaxifen as a control. The 1-benzoyl amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline showed most potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 values 0.23, 0.63, 0.74 µg/mL on Ishikawa, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. This research was supported by NIH/RCMI Grant # G12 RR03020 and Pharmaceutical Research Center NIH/NCRR Grant 1 C06 RR12512-01. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 735.
Continuous microseismic mapping for real‐time event detection and location (2008)

Hydraulic fracture monitoring using microseismicity requires real‐time, automatic processing. Microseismic data processing includes event detection and location. A previous automatic algorithm took advantage of the assumption of a vertical receiver array, limiting the solution search to a 2D vertical plane (distance‐depth) with azimuth coming from polarization angles in a second step. To handle data recorded by receivers distributed generally in deviated or horizontal wells, event times and polarization angles must be considered in a full 3D grid. One algorithm is proposed here and compared with a classical gradient‐based inversion on synthetic and real datasets. Results show improvement in location resolution in the depth direction. This is critical to better estimate fracture position, extent and growth as well as source parameters in real‐time. Work is ongoing to investigate the impact of noise, filtering and grid spacing on the location estimates.