gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Resolution Dynamic Mode Decomposition (2015)

We demonstrate that the integration of the recently developed dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with a multi-resolution analysis allows for a decomposition method capable of robustly separating complex systems into a hierarchy of multi-resolution time-scale components. A one-level separation allows for background (low-rank) and foreground (sparse) separation of dynamical data, or robust principal component analysis. The multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition is capable of characterizing nonlinear dynamical systems in an equation-free manner by recursively decomposing the state of the system into low-rank terms whose temporal coefficients in time are known. DMD modes with temporal frequencies near the origin (zero-modes) are interpreted as background (low-rank) portions of the given dynamics, and the terms with temporal frequencies bounded away from the origin are their sparse counterparts. The multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition (mrDMD) method is demonstrated on several examples involving multi-scale dynamical data, showing excellent decomposition results, including sifting the El Niño mode from ocean temperature data. It is further applied to decompose a video data set into separate objects moving at different rates against a slowly varying background. These examples show that the decomposition is an effective dynamical systems tool for data-driven discovery.
Novel diffuse white matter abnormality biomarker at term-equivalent age enhances prediction of long-term motor development in very preterm children (2020)

Our objective was to evaluate the independent prognostic value of a novel MRI biomarker-objectively diagnosed diffuse white matter abnormality volume (DWMA; diffuse excessive high signal intensity)-for prediction of motor outcomes in very preterm infants. We prospectively enrolled a geographically-based cohort of very preterm infants without severe brain injury and born before 32 weeks gestational age. Structural brain MRI was obtained at term-equivalent age and DWMA volume was objectively quantified using a published validated algorithm. These results were compared with visually classified DWMA. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the value of DWMA volume, independent of known predictors, to predict motor development as assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development, Third Edition at 3 years of age. The mean (SD) gestational age of the cohort was 28.3 (2.4) weeks. In multivariable analyses, controlling for gestational age, sex, and abnormality on structural MRI, DWMA volume was an independent prognostic biomarker of Bayley Motor scores ([Formula: see text]= -12.59 [95% CI -18.70, -6.48] R<sup>2</sup> = 0.41). Conversely, visually classified DWMA was not predictive of motor development. In conclusion, objectively quantified DWMA is an independent prognostic biomarker of long-term motor development in very preterm infants and warrants further study.
Controlling the motion of total knee replacements using intercondylar guide surfaces (2000)

Total knee replacements using intercondylar cams, such as posterior stabilized types, have been in use for many years. In a previous study, software was written to analyze an alternative shape of the intercondylar cams. The goal of the current study was to investigate in a more general way the potential of intercondylar cams, or guide surfaces, for reproducing the anterior-posterior motion of the natural knee throughout the flexion range. Typical sagittal outlines for the femoral and tibial bearing surfaces were defined, and a parametrized shape for the femoral guide surface was defined to produce a wide range of shapes. Software was written in which the femoral component was flexed in increments, with the posterior translation defined as a function of the flexion angle. The shape of the tibial guide surface was derived from the locus of the femoral guide surface at its multiple flexion positions. By iterating methodically through possible shapes of femoral guide surfaces, several types of total knee replacement components in common use today were identified, as well as other configurations of potential interest. For quantification of a given design, the software calculated the anterior and posterior laxity at each flexion angle. Laxity was defined as the motion before the femoral guide surface impacted the tibial guide surface or until the contact point of the bearing surfaces reached a specified slope. Convex femoral and concave saddle-shaped tibial guide surfaces produced small laxities in both directions over most of the flexion range. A saddle design with small laxities in the first half of flexion, combined with a posterior stabilized feature, was an interesting combination. Potential improvements to the currently used designs were shown in this study, and new shapes of intercondylar guide surfaces were derived that could be considered for application.
Abstract 2093: Functional screening of tumor-suppressive microRNAs silenced by DNA hypermethylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (2010)

Abstract In human cancer, the DNA hypermethylation of CpG-sites located within CpG islands is one of important molecular mechanisms causing the down-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a similar manner to that demonstrated for classical tumor-suppressor genes. In this study, to identify tumor-suppressive miRNAs (TS-miRs) silenced by hypermethylation during oral carcinogenesis, we first performed function-based screening for TS-miRs in 327 miRNA in 2 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines with Pre-miR™ miRNA Precursor Library-Human V2. Remarkable growth inhibition was observed in 110 miRNAs (33.6%) as compared with precursor negative control, and 61 miRNAs of these miRNAs were localized around CpG-islands. Among these 61 miRNAs, we further analyzed DNA hypermethylation by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) in 33 loci containing CpG-islands around 33 mature miRNAs, except 28 miRNAs which have been already reported as TS-miRs or targets for DNA methylation for silencing in cancer cells, resulting in identification of some miRNAs as the candidate TS-miRs silencing by CpG island hypermethylation. Expression levels of these candidate miRNAs were inversely correlated with their DNA methylation status, and were restored by treatment with 5-aza 2’-deoxycytidine in OSCC cells. Moreover, the ectopic transfection of these miRNAs into OSCC lines lacking their expressions significantly reduced cell growth. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that these candidates are TS-miRs epigenetically silenced during oral carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2093.
A Study of Hydroforming for Processing Composites (2000)

Abstract The use of hydroforming to shape complex composite parts is proposed in this work. Hydroforming is expected to greatly increase the formability of composite sheet by the use of a controllable heated, pressurized fluid. Hydroforming, in comparison with sheet stamping, is a more economical manufacturing process, since it does not require the use of a female die. The pressurized fluid acts as a support for the composite sheet throughout the forming process. A numerical analysis has been performed on this process in order to develop a method of predicting the final part geometry. The numerical analysis takes into account the pressurized fluid, the thermal effects, and the clamping mechanism used to hold the material in place as the part is formed. Numerical results show that using hydroforming for manufacturing glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material significantly reduces the strain, especially within the cup region of the hemispherical part. The fluid pressure also has an effect on the internal stresses of the part by allowing deeper draws before rupture. The experimentation, coupled with the prediction of the finite element modeling, indicates that the hydroforming of composite materials is a viable processing method that deserves more attention based on the significant advantages it provides in cost savings and part production accuracy.
Automatic 3D Industrial Point Cloud Classification and Modeling (2015)

Abstract 3D classification and modeling of point clouds is an important but time-consuming process, with many applications in petroleum engineering and other applications, inspiring extensive research in automatic methods. Prior efforts focus on primitive geometry, street structures or indoor objects, but industrial data has rarely been pursued. Industrial sites are often captured by laser scanners, producing 3D point clouds of visible surfaces. Creating a higher level model from such point clouds now requires extensive manual labeling and fitting of surfaces and their connections. Computer-aided editing systems and automatic methods exist, but with limited capabilities. Existing methods for industrial point cloud modeling are not able to effectively process an industrial scene containing primitive shapes, general objects and instrumentations, as well as the connectivity between them. Our work presents a method which automatically generates a 3D classified model from 3D point cloud data. An industrial point cloud is treated as a collection of pipes, planes and general objects, and we thus divide the modeling problem into three sub-problems: pipe modeling, plane classification, and object recognition. Two primitive extraction processes detect cylinder or planar geometry in the scene, while general objects modeling employs modeling-by-recognition, which detects clusters of 3D points in a scan that match 3D models of objects stored in a prebuilt object library. The results of all three components, including extracted primitives and recognized objects, are integrated to obtain the complete 3D model. Experiments with several point cloud datasets demonstrate that the presented method automatically produces classified models of large and complex industrial scenes, with a quality that outperforms leading commercial modeling software and is comparable to professional hand-made models. Pipes, planes and different types of objects are individually detected and classified. The result display is freely switchable between mesh model for efficiency and point cloud for accuracy, not achievable in simple surface fitting methods.
Transplantation of Human Hepatocytes in Immunodeficient UPA Mice: A Model for the Study of Hepatitis B Virus (2004)

Persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major worldwide health problem, and chronically infected individuals are at high risk for developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (1,2). Despite the availability of an HBV vaccine, there are still more than 350 million chronically infected people worldwide, and the few antiviral treatments currently available have a limited rate of efficacy. As for other infectious diseases in humans, advances in the study of viral hepatitis have been critically dependent on the development of suitable experimental systems. Replication of HBV can be successfully achieved by transfecting hepatoma cell lines with cloned HBV DNA genomes. However, the lack of culture systems permissive for hepadnavirus infection and the narrow host range of HBV have hampered the understanding of some crucial events of the hepadnavirus life cycle, as well as the development of more effective antiviral drugs aimed at eradicating the virus from chronic carriers. Although HBV has been grown successfully in cultures of human hepatocytes, primary human hepatocytes are difficult to maintain in culture and become nonpermissive for HBV very soon after plating. In addition, they normally differ in function and gene expression from hepatocytes integrated in the liver architecture. Therefore, any technique that would allow keeping human hepatocytes in an environment that supports both cell growth and liver-specific differentiation would offer unique opportunities to study human hepatotropic viral infections and to evaluate the efficacy of novel antiviral drugs in a system closely mimicking the in vivo situation.
Intelligent Multilingual Software Testing Tool (2008)

This paper proposes a novel software testing tool to allow software testers to test a product that is not in tester's native language. It is composed of a test case generator, an internationalization knowledge base, and a test verifier. The test case generator accepts a native test case and outputs an equivalent case in the target language. The internationalization knowledge base is a collection of data sets and procedures for the generator to use when creating its test cases in the target language. The expected output has a format corresponding to a language-specific format rule of the target language. The tool also includes a test verifier that determines whether an output generated by application of the test case to the software product matches the expected output.
A 2 GHz 244 fs-Resolution 1.2 ps-Peak-INL Edge Interpolator-Based Digital-to-Time Converter in 28 nm CMOS (2016)

This paper presents a 2 GHz digital-to-time converter (DTC) with 244 fs time resolution. The DTC consists of a multi-modulus divider (MMD) and a phase interpolator (PI) as coarse and fine tuning blocks, respectively. Control logic is implemented to prevent shoot-through current during the interpolation process in order to linearize the PI. The measured DTC's peak integral nonlinearity (INL) is 1.2 ps and limited by the PI. The interpolation process is analyzed in detail, describing the root cause of the nonlinearity and indicating key parameters to improve it. Furthermore, a measurement method for DTCs is presented that enables femtosecond accuracy. The DTC has been implemented in standard 28 nm CMOS technology.
Microwave technology for waste management applications: Treatment of discarded electronic circuitry (1997)

Significant quantities of hazardous wastes are generated from a multitude of processes and products in today`s society. This waste inventory is not only very large and diverse, but is also growing at an alarming rate. In order to minimize the dangers presented by constituents in these wastes, microwave technologies are being investigated to render harmless the hazardous components and ultimately, to minimize their impact to individuals and the surrounding environment.
Depth Gauge for Liquids Under High Pressure (1987)

Piezoelectric element mounted in hole drilled in high-pressure plug. Transducer used to measure depth of liquid when pressure in vessel high. New configuration transmits ultrasonic vibration directly into liquid, enhancing signal strength, accuracy, and range, yet piezoelectric element protected from high-pressure liquid.
Superpixel segmentation using multiple SAR image products (2014)

Sandia National Laboratories produces copious amounts of high-resolution, single-polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, much more than available researchers and analysts can examine. Automating the recognition of terrains and structures in SAR imagery is highly desired. The optical image processing community has shown that superpixel segmentation (SPS) algorithms divide an image into small compact regions of similar intensity. Applying these SPS algorithms to optical images can reduce image complexity, enhance statistical characterization and improve segmentation and categorization of scene objects. SPS algorithms typically require high SNR (signal-to-noise-ratio) images to define segment boundaries accurately. Unfortunately, SAR imagery contains speckle, a product of coherent image formation, which complicates the extraction of superpixel segments and could preclude their use. Some researchers have developed modified SPS algorithms that discount speckle for application to SAR imagery. We apply two widely-used SPS algorithms to speckle-reduced SAR image products, both single SAR products and combinations of multiple SAR products, which include both single polarization and multi-polarization SAR images. To evaluate the quality of resulting superpixels, we compute research-standard segmentation quality measures on the match between superpixels and hand-labeled ground-truth, as well as statistical characterization of the radar-cross-section within each superpixel. Results of this quality analysis determine the best input/algorithm/parameter set for SAR imagery. Simple Linear Iterative Clustering provides faster computation time, superpixels that conform to scene-relevant structures, direct control of average superpixel size and more uniform superpixel sizes for improved statistical estimation which will facilitate subsequent terrain/structure categorization and segmentation into scene-relevant regions.
Narrow Linewidth Tunable DFB Laser Array Integrated With Optical Feedback Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) (2017)

A tunable distributed feedback (DFB) laser array integrated with a silica-based external optical feedback planar lightwave circuit is proposed and developed. The laser does not have high-resolution optical filters, and we can tune the wavelength over the entire C-band simply via laser selection and temperature control. The spectral linewidth is successfully reduced thanks to the optical feedback effect. Narrow linewidths of less than 10 kHz are obtained over the entire C-band.
Prevalence of five previously reported and recurrent <i>BRCA1</i> genetic rearrangement mutations in 20,000 patients from hereditary breast/ovarian cancer families (2005)

Many rearrangement mutations in the BRCA1 gene have been identified. It is becoming clear that some of these mutations are prevalent, and therefore their detection is necessary in order for clinical genetic tests to have high sensitivity. Published information on particular rearrangements is frequently limited to a single patient, small groups of patients, or patients of a particular ethnicity. The objectives of this work included characterizing the prevalence of five specific rearrangement mutations in a large North American patient population. A mutation-specific multiplex PCR assay was used for determining the prevalence of five BRCA1 rearrangement mutations that previously had been reported to occur in unrelated patients. The mutation status of these rearrangements, which came from 20,712 patients at high risk for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancers who had submitted specimens for clinical genetic testing, is presented. The results, obtained from 2,634 mutation carriers, showed a 6-kb duplication of exon 13, identified in 53 patients (2.01%); a 26-kb deletion encompassing exons 14-20, detected in seven patients (0.27%); a 510-bp deletion of exon 22, detected in 5 patients (0.19%); and a 3.4-kb deletion of exon 13, detected in one patient (0.04%). A previously reported 7.1-kb deletion of exons 8-9 was not found. The high frequency of the exon 13 duplication makes it the fourth most prevalent mutation in these patients. These results provide an accurate picture of the prevalence of these mutations in hereditary breast/ovarian cancer patients undergoing genetic testing in North America.
Vacuum Steered-Electron Electric-Field Sensor (2013)

In a new type of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) electric-field sensor, a sheet of electrons is thermionically emitted by a hot cathode, flows through a vacuum, and is collected by a pair of anodes 2000 μm away. As the electrons move through the vacuum, they are steered by external electric fields, resulting in a differential current at the anodes. The micromachined tungsten cathode has a low-work-function coating and is suspended over a cavity on a glass chip. These sensors have been operated both in a vacuum chamber and sealed in glass vacuum tubes. Measured sensitivities in a vacuum tube at 10,100, and 1000 Hz are 470, 230, and 140 mV/m·Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> , respectively; sensitivities in a vacuum chamber at the same frequencies are 34, 6.3, and 2.4 mV/m·Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> , respectively.
Design of a Production Process for Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers from Dimethyl Ether and Trioxane (2021)

Abstract Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (OME) are promising synthetic fuels. When compared to fossil diesel fuel, OME reduce the soot formation in diesel engines. OME can be produced from the C1 platform syngas via different routes. This work investigates an OME production process via dimethyl ether and trioxane. The process is simulated and optimized using process simulation with varying model depth. As no experimental data are available on the chemical equilibrium of the reaction of dimethyl ether and trioxane, chemical equilibrium constants are partly estimated from formation data of the reactants.
Magnetoelectric Random Access Memory-Based Circuit Design by Using Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2015)

We introduce a magnetoelectric junction driven by voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA-MEJ) as a building block for a range of low-power memory applications. We present and discuss specifically two applications, magnetoelectric random access memory (MeRAM) and ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM). The MEJ differs from a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) in that electric field is used to induce switching in lieu of substantial current flow in MTJ. Electric field control of magnetism can dramatically enhance the performance of magnetic memory devices in terms of switching energy efficiency and switching speed. The development of such an energy-efficient and ultrafast memory has a potential to change the paradigm of a hierarchical memory system in the conventional computer architecture. By combining speed, low power, and high density, electric-field-controlled magnetic memory merges features of multiple separate memory technologies used in today's memory hierarchy. The performance of a VCMA-MEJs-based MeRAM, especially in the case of one access transistor associated with one MEJ (1T-1R) structure, is evaluated by comparing it with that of phase-change RAM, resistive RAM, and spin transfer torque RAM. MeRAM can achieve ultrafast switching (<1 ns), low switching energy (∼1 fJ), and compact cell size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>$6\;F^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a shared source region, as well as nonvolatility. For another application, we propose the VCMA-MEJ-based TCAM, which will be referred to as MeTCAM, consisting of 4T-2MEJs. Since MeTCAM fully exploits the low power and high density features of the VCMA effect both in write and search operation modes, it obtains a fast searching speed (0.2 ns) with the smallest cell area ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math>$44\;F^2 $</tex-math></inline-formula> ) compared to previous works.