gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1540: Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (2018)

Abstract B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a tumor necrosis factor family cell surface receptor that binds B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and is involved in the long-term survival of B cells. BCMA has been shown to be expressed broadly on monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells and for this reason has been pursued as a potential antigen for the treatment of MM. Indeed, clinical studies evaluating autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) targeting BCMA for the treatment of MM have shown promising efficacy with &gt;80% response rates. However, logistical challenges will potentially limit the number of patients that have access to autologous therapies. Using the CRISPR/CAS9 system, we generated allogeneic CAR-T cells targeting BCMA by disrupting the beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and T cell receptor alpha constant (TRAC) genes and inserting an anti-BCMA CAR into the TRAC locus. This results in allogeneic CAR-T cells lacking the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and endogenous T cell receptor (TCR) expression while being potently cytotoxic towards cells expressing BCMA. These data show proof-of-concept for an “off the shelf” CAR-T therapy targeting BCMA. Citation Format: Henia Dar, Daniel Henderson, Zinkal Padalia, Ashley Porras, Dakai Mu, Kyungah Maeng, Seshi Police, Demetrios Kalaitzidis, Jonathan Terrett, Jason Sagert. Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1540.
Targeting AKT/mTOR and ERK MAPK signaling inhibits hormone-refractory prostate cancer in a preclinical mouse model (2008)

The AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) and ERK MAPK signaling pathways have been shown to cooperate in prostate cancer progression and the transition to androgen-independent disease. We have now tested the effects of combinatorial inhibition of these pathways on prostate tumorigenicity by performing preclinical studies using a genetically engineered mouse model of prostate cancer. We report here that combination therapy using rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, and PD0325901, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase 1 (MEK; the kinase directly upstream of ERK), inhibited cell growth in cultured prostate cancer cell lines and tumor growth particularly for androgen-independent prostate tumors in the mouse model. We further showed that such inhibition leads to inhibition of proliferation and upregulated expression of the apoptotic regulator Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim). Furthermore, analyses of human prostate cancer tissue microarrays demonstrated that AKT/mTOR and ERK MAPK signaling pathways are often coordinately deregulated during prostate cancer progression in humans. We therefore propose that combination therapy targeting AKT/mTOR and ERK MAPK signaling pathways may be an effective treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer, in particular those with hormone-refractory disease.
Molecular Markers Useful for Detecting Resistance to Brown Stem Rot in Soybean (2000)

Brown stem rot (BSR) causes vascular and foliar damage in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Identification of plants resistant to BSR by inoculation with Phialophora gregata (Allington & W.W. Chamberlain) W. Gams is laborious and unreliable because of low heritability. Molecular markers linked to the resistance gene could be used to screen for resistant individuals and hasten the development of BSR resistant genotypes. The objective of this study was to develop molecular markers for efficient identification of BSR resistant plants in a breeding program. Seventeen resistant and 29 susceptible cultivars and plant introductions as well as recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between BSR 101 and PI 437.654 were assayed by PCR‐based markers derived from RFLPs K375I‐1 and RGA2V‐1, Satt244, or developed from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. The DNA markers that were developed tag the BSR locus and are informative in a diverse range of soybean germplasm. Markers detected different banding patterns between resistant and susceptible genotypes. The PCR‐based markers will most likely be useful in screening for BSR resistance and allow soybean breeders to transfer rapidly resistance derived from Rbs 3 to improved cultivars or soybean lines. The markers are relatively easy‐to‐use, inexpensive, and highly informative. Soybean breeding efforts can now be designed to incorporate the use of marker information when parental genotypes possess contrasting banding patterns.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO and Formate: Do Reaction Conditions or Ruthenium Catalysts Control Product Selectivity? (2018)

The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 can generate a number of products with CO and HCO2– being two of the most commonly observed. Frequently, the selective formation of one of these products is presumed to be the result of catalyst design. However, several common variables are present when exploring the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. In order to better understand the origin of selectivity in this reaction, the choices of solvent, electron and proton source, photosensitizer (PS), and catalyst were evaluated in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. Intriguingly, highly selective catalysts for CO or HCO2– under one set of conditions can be transformed by these environmental choices into becoming highly selective for the opposite product while retaining high turnover numbers. This highlights the importance of carefully considering reaction conditions before ascribing catalyst selectivity to an inherent molecular design property.
Hospitalization of patients with heart failure. A population-based study (2002)

New cases of heart failure are at high risk of subsequent hospitalization, especially during the first months after diagnosis. Whilst predicting which patients will be hospitalized is difficult, interventions designed to reduce hospitalizations for worsening heart failure should be targeted at elderly inpatients with a new diagnosis.
Biochar Produced from Saudi Agriculture Waste as a Cement Additive for Improved Mechanical and Durability Properties—SWOT Analysis and Techno-Economic Assessment (2022)

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia generates an enormous amount of date palm waste, causing severe environmental concerns. Green and strong concrete is increasingly demanded due to low carbon footprints and better performance. In this research work, biochar derived from locally available agriculture waste (date palm fronds) was used as an additive to produce high-strength and durable concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive and flexural strength were evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 days for control and all other mixes containing biochar. In addition, the durability properties of the concrete samples for the mixes were investigated by performing electric resistivity and ultra-sonic pulse velocity testing. Finally, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis was carried out to make strategic decisions about biochar’s use in concrete. The results demonstrated that the compressive strength of concrete increased to 28−29% with the addition of 0.75−1.5 wt% of biochar. Biochar-concrete containing 0.75 wt% of biochar showed 16% higher flexural strength than the control specimen. The high ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) values (>7.79 km/s) and low electrical resistivity (<22.4 kΩ-cm) of biochar-based concrete confirm that the addition of biochar resulted in high-quality concrete free from internal flaws, cracks, and better structural integrity. SWOT analysis indicated that biochar-based concrete possessed improved performance than ordinary concrete, is suitable for extreme environments, and has opportunities for circular economy and applications in various construction designs. However, cost and technical shortcomings in biochar production and biochar-concrete mix design are still challenging.
A Planar Pattern-reconfigurable Antenna for IEEE 802.11ax Applications (2020)

IEEE 802.11ax systems will appear in the market soon and bring significant advancements to existing WLAN technologies. To further enhance their system performance, this paper proposes a planar reconfigurable antenna inspired by the Yagi-Uda structure. It is capable of beam steering by utilizing a switched pixel structure to change the antenna current distribution. Combined with system channel state information the antenna beam direction can be steered towards an active user in order to maximize the gain and therefore improve channel throughput. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth from 4.6 to 6.0 GHz (26.4%) and achieves a 300°scanning beamwidth with realized gain up to 9.2 dBi.
Dicyclic and Tricyclic Diaminopyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Dihydrofolate Reductase: Structure-Activity and Structure-Selectivity Correlations (2001)

A structurally diverse library of 93 lipophilic di- and tricyclic diaminopyrimidine derivatives was tested for the ability to inhibit recombinant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cloned from human and bovine isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum (J. R. Vásquez et al., Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 79:153-165, 1996). In parallel, the library was also tested against human DHFR and, for comparison, the enzyme from Escherichia coli. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) were determined by means of a standard spectrophotometric assay of DHFR activity with dihydrofolate and NADPH as the cosubstrates. Of the compounds tested, 25 had IC(50)s in the 1 to 10 microM range against one or both C. parvum enzymes and thus were not substantially different from trimethoprim (IC(50)s, ca. 4 microM). Another 25 compounds had IC(50)s of <1.0 microM, and 9 of these had IC(50)s of <0.1 microM and thus were at least 40 times more potent than trimethoprim. The remaining 42 compounds were weak inhibitors (IC(50)s, >10 microM) and thus were not considered to be of interest as drugs useful against this organism. A good correlation was generally obtained between the results of the spectrophotometric enzyme inhibition assays and those obtained recently in a yeast complementation assay (V. H. Brophy et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1019-1028, 2000; H. Lau et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:187-195, 2001). Although many of the compounds in the library were more potent than trimethoprim, none had the degree of selectivity of trimethoprim for C. parvum versus human DHFR. Collectively, the results of these assays comprise the largest available database of lipophilic antifolates as potential anticryptosporidial agents. The compounds in the library were also tested as inhibitors of the proliferation of intracellular C. parvum oocysts in canine kidney epithelial cells cultured in folate-free medium containing thymidine (10 microM) and hypoxanthine (100 microM). After 72 h of drug exposure, the number of parasites inside the cells was quantitated by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Sixteen compounds had IC(50)s of <3 microM, and five of these had IC(50)s of <0.3 microM and thus were comparable in potency to trimetrexate. The finding that submicromolar concentrations of several of the compounds in the library could inhibit in vitro growth of C. parvum in host cells in the presence of thymidine (dThd) and hypoxanthine (Hx) suggests that lipophilic DHFR inhibitors, in combination with leucovorin, may find use in the treatment of intractable C. parvum infections.
comparative analysis of cellular respiratory inhibition by substituted phenylglyoxal-bis-(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) zinc chelates. (1983)

Fourteen para-substituted phenylglyoxal-bis-(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) zinc chelates have been synthesized as inhibitors of cellular respiration and therefore as potential antineoplastic agents. Each chelate has been evaluated as an inhibitor of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell and of rat liver slice respiration. The molar I50 values for respiratory inhibition have been subjected to computerized correlation to delineate quantitative relationships between biological activity and chemical structure. Activity against the tumor cell model is characterized by a positive lipophilic and a detrimental steric influence while activity against rat liver slice displays only a weak positive lipophilic effect. Quantitative comparative analysis suggests that selective action against the tumor cell system can be improved by substituents which are electron withdrawing and lipophilic in nature.
Access controls for open architecture in intelligent networks (2002)

The author investigates the security issues and implications in implementing an open network architecture (ONA) in intelligent networks (INs). A view of technical limitations to ONA in IN is developed from the security standpoint. Specifically, access controls for ONA in IN are investigated. The author describes a multi-level functional component (FC) approach to ONA in an IN. With multi-level FCs, an IN gains flexible and finer grain control of access to network resources. The author advocates using high-level FCs as basic service elements (BSE) offerings in IN. The advantage is that high-level FCs gain a higher degree of security and integrity control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comprehensive characterization of glutamine synthetase-mediated selection for the establishment of recombinant CHO cells producing monoclonal antibodies (2018)

To characterize a glutamine synthetase (GS)-based selection system, monoclonal antibody (mAb) producing recombinant CHO cell clones were generated by a single round of selection at various methionine sulfoximine (MSX) concentrations (0, 25, and 50 μM) using two different host cell lines (CHO-K1 and GS-knockout CHO). Regardless of the host cell lines used, the clones selected at 50 μM MSX had the lowest average specific growth rate and the highest average specific production rates of toxic metabolic wastes, lactate and ammonia. Unlike CHO-K1, high producing clones could be generated in the absence of MSX using GS-knockout CHO with an improved selection stringency. Regardless of the host cell lines used, the clones selected at various MSX concentrations showed no significant difference in the GS, heavy chain, and light chain gene copies (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the specific mAb productivity and these three gene copies (R<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.012). Taken together, GS-mediated gene amplification does not occur in a single round of selection at a MSX concentration up to 50 μM. The use of the GS-knockout CHO host cell line facilitates the rapid generation of high producing clones with reduced production of lactate and ammonia in the absence of MSX.
Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of YZ-1 Acidizing Corrosion Inhibitor (2008)

A Mannich-base acidification inhibitor YZ-1 was synthesized by Mannich reaction with formaldehyde,acetone and ethylenediamine as the raw materials.By orthogonally designed experiments,the optimal synthetic conditions were found as follows: Reaction temperature 70℃,the reaction time 4 hours,acetone,formaldehyde and ethylenediamine molar ratio 2:2:1,HCl dosage 1.0%.The performance of corrosion inhibitor YZ-1 was evaluated by zero-gravity test at different temperatures,different inhibitor concentrations and types and different concentrations of acids.The result indicated that Corrosion Inhibitor YZ-1 in hydrochloric acid,hydrofluoric acid and acid soil exhibited good inhibition performance.It can tolerate a temperature up to 150℃and is a good high-temperature acid corrosion inhibitor.
Experimental evaluation of differential chip-to-antenna bondwire interconnects above 110 GHz (2014)

Bondwire interconnects for differential chip-to-antenna interfaces are investigated. Two different compensation structures for different interconnect lengths are designed and evaluated using dedicated transmit and receive BiCMOS modules operating across a 110 to 156 GHz band. Measurement results demonstrate that a 9 GHz bandwidth and a minimum insertion loss of 0.2 dB can be achieved for interconnects as long as 0.8 mm, showing that the well established wire-bonding techniques are still an attractive solution even beyond 100 GHz. Reproducibility of the proposed solution is assessed as well.
Unsupervised Diverse Colorization via Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Colorization of grayscale images has been a hot topic in computer vision. Previous research mainly focuses on producing a colored image to match the original one. However, since many colors share the same gray value, an input grayscale image could be diversely colored while maintaining its reality. In this paper, we design a novel solution for unsupervised diverse colorization. Specifically, we leverage conditional generative adversarial networks to model the distribution of real-world item colors, in which we develop a fully convolutional generator with multi-layer noise to enhance diversity, with multi-layer condition concatenation to maintain reality, and with stride 1 to keep spatial information. With such a novel network architecture, the model yields highly competitive performance on the open LSUN bedroom dataset. The Turing test of 80 humans further indicates our generated color schemes are highly convincible.
Base-Calling of Automated Sequencer Traces Using <i>Phred.</i> II. Error Probabilities (1998)

Elimination of the data processing bottleneck in high-throughput sequencing will require both improved accuracy of data processing software and reliable measures of that accuracy. We have developed and implemented in our base-calling program phred the ability to estimate a probability of error for each base-call, as a function of certain parameters computed from the trace data. These error probabilities are shown here to be valid (correspond to actual error rates) and to have high power to discriminate correct base-calls from incorrect ones, for read data collected under several different chemistries and electrophoretic conditions. They play a critical role in our assembly program phrap and our finishing program consed.
Telomerase-Dependent Oncolytic Adenovirus Sensitizes Human Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation via Inhibition of DNA Repair Machinery (2010)

The inability to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) leads to radiosensitization, such that ionizing radiation combined with molecular inhibition of cellular DSB processing may greatly affect treatment of human cancer. As a variety of viral products interact with the DNA repair machinery, oncolytic virotherapy may improve the therapeutic window of conventional radiotherapy. Here, we describe the mechanistic basis for synergy of irradiation and OBP-301 (Telomelysin), an attenuated type-5 adenovirus with oncolytic potency that contains the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter to regulate viral replication. OBP-301 infection led to E1B55kDa viral protein expression that degraded the complex formed by Mre11, Rad50, and NBS1, which senses DSBs. Subsequently, the phosphorylation of cellular ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein was inhibited, disrupting the signaling pathway controlling DNA repair. Thus, tumor cells infected with OBP-301 could be rendered sensitive to ionizing radiation. Moreover, by using noninvasive whole-body imaging, we showed that intratumoral injection of OBP-301 followed by regional irradiation induces a substantial antitumor effect, resulting from tumor cell-specific radiosensitization, in an orthotopic human esophageal cancer xenograft model. These results illustrate the potential of combining oncolytic virotherapy and ionizing radiation as a promising strategy in the management of human cancer.
An Organic Active-Matrix Imager (2008)

In this paper, a proof of concept 4 x 4 active-matrix imager fabricated at near room temperature (< 95 degC) is presented. Conventional photolithography and inkjet printing were used to pattern integrated organic FETs and photoconductors. The design and characterization of a pixel circuit is described. A simple first-order calibration technique is used to partially compensate for fixed pattern noise. Following the calibration, the imager is shown to correctly image a "T" pattern.
Piracy Cultures| Corporate Encouragement of Piracy Cultures: Cultural Borrowing as Standard Practice in Game Spaces (2012)

Some companies, such as Sony, actively fight the copying of their intellectual property. Yet there are companies, Sony among them, that sell and promote games in which copying is an encouraged norm. Four such spaces are examined here: EverQuest II, LittleBigPlanet, Spore, and Second Life. The four contain copies of, or homages to, cultural intellectual property. Users’ comments regarding the issues around copying were also studied. Users are aware of the copying in these games and feel they should be allowed to remix culture, but they are confused about the legal specifics of copying and homage. Firms take the same approach to copying as users: They do it when they think they can get away with it.
Soft error protection via fault-resilient data representations (2007)

Embedded systems are increasingly deployed in harsh environments that their components were not necessarily designed for.As a result, systems may have to sustain transient faults, i.e., both single-bit soft errors caused by radiation from space and transient errors caused by lower signal/noise ratio in smaller fabrication sizes.Hardware can protect and even correct transient faults at the cost of redundant circuits.Software approaches can also protect/correct these faults, e.g., by instruction duplication or algorithmic design.Recent work focuses on hybrid solutions of both hardware and software support to counter transient faults while minimizing the cost of protection.While hybrid approaches have been proposed for selectively protecting hardware regions and for control-flow checking, data representations have been widely ignored.The contribution of this work is to assess the benefits of inherently error-detecting and optionally error-correcting data representations on the software side.We present some programming patterns which exhibit properties for inherent detection of transient faults.These patterns are compared with techniques which rely on instruction duplication for error detection.Additionally, we introduce a framework to verify the resilience of these patterns with respect to transient faults and compare their performance with other error detection methods.Preliminary results indicate that a software approach for fault-resilient data representations compares favorably to past work and can reduce the duplication cost in software without compromising error-detection capabilities.
Mutagenesis for seedlessness in <i>Citrus</i> (2007)

Mutagenesis is a major tool for obtaining desirable traits in many cultigens. In Citrus, gamma irradiation was used to induce mutagenesis in the establishment of seedlessness. Although this random approach requires parthenocarpic capability of Citrus and thousands of mutants have to be screened, it is still the leading method used for obtaining seedlessness in Citrus.