gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-controlled photon tunneling (2002)

Recent measurements of photon tunneling through individual subwavelength pinholes in a gold film covered with a layer of polydiacetylene [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 187402 (2002)] has provided strong indication of “photon blockade” effects similar to Coulomb blockade phenomena observed in single-electron tunneling experiments. Here we report the observation of photon tunneling being blocked (gated) by light at a different wavelength. This suggests the possibility of building a class of “gated” photon tunneling devices for all-optical signal processing.
Advanced multispectral, multifusion, polarimetric imaging: from biophotonics to semiconductor wafers inspection and monitoring (2006)

The objective of this study is to present the principles of a novel optical imaging technique, based on all active, multispectral, multifusion, spectral subtraction polarimetric imaging principles, for efficient interrogation of targets surrounded by scattered media, for biophotonics, defense, surface defects, semiconductor wafer inspection and monitoring. The novelty of the imaging principles consists in fusing spectral difference detection principles, with Mueller matrix polarimetric imaging principles, and Stokes polarization parameters. The experimental results indicate clearly that, high-contrast Stokes parameter polarimetric backscattered light spectral image differences, such as degree of linear polarization (DOLP) images, can be obtained from targets embedded in scattered media.
Abstract 3529: KIM-1 is a novel therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma (2014)

Abstract Background. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by lack of early warning signs, diverse clinical manifestations, absence of a reliable diagnostic and predictive biomarker, and resistance to targeted therapy. Given the high incidence and worse prognosis, novel approaches for diagnosis, management and treatment of RCC are urgently needed. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is not expressed in normal kidney tissues but markedly up-regulated in dedifferentiated proximal tubular epithelial cells following renal injury. We demonstrated KIM-1 is expressed ubiquitoulsy by both primary and metastatic lesions of clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma, while barely detectable in other subtypes of RCC. The ectodomain of KIM-1 molecule cleaves by matrix metaloproteinases and sheds into surround milieu. In the present study, we investigated the role of KIM-1 in the pathogenesis of RCC. Methods. KIM-1 is stably transfected in immortalized tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1, gain-of-function) and KIM-1 was knockdown in RCC cell lines (loss-of-function) using lentiviral apporach and interoggated KIM-1 function in carcinogenesis. Results. Heterologous expression of KIM-1 increased cell proliferation, induced anchorage indepdent growth, increased migration and invasion potential, and increased the secreation of tumor promoting fractors, including TGF beta and IL-6 in immortalized tubular epithelial cells (PK1-KIM-1); while depletion of KIM-1 in RCC cells leads to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and senescence. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that KIM-1 is a phosphatildyl serine receptor and the expression of KIM-1 converts a normal epithelial cell into a “semi professional phagocyte” and facilitates the removal of apoptotic and necrotic cells by recognizing phosphotidyl serine (PS) on their cell surface. Our data suggests that during this process, tumor epithelial cells undergo reprogramming and secrete and activate cytokines involved in cell survival and angiogenesis programs. Conclusions. The present study demonstrates that KIM-1-expression promotes tumorigenesis primarily by two distinct mechanisms: i) by directly conferring oncogenic properties to renal epithelial cells; ii) by resulting in production of a variety of chemokines and cytokines that support tumor progression and angiogenesis. We believe that our findings can significantly contribute to the development of novel therapeutic apporaches and in the advancement of management strategies in renal cell carcinoma and help reduce associated mortality and morbidity. Citation Format: Venkata S. Sabbisetti. KIM-1 is a novel therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3529. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3529
Prometheus: Processing-in-memory heterogeneous architecture design from a multi-layer network theoretic strategy (2018)

With increasing demand for distributed intelligent physical systems performing big data analytics on the field and in real-time, processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures integrating 3D-stacked memory and logic layers could provide higher performance and energy efficiency. Towards this end, the PIM design requires principled and rigorous optimization strategies to identify interactions and manage data movement across different vaults. In this paper, we introduce Prometheus, a novel PIM-based framework that constructs a comprehensive model of computation and communication (MoCC) based on a static and dynamic compilation of an application. Firstly, by adopting a low level virtual machine (LLVM) intermediate representation (IR), an input application is modeled as a two-layered graph consisting of (i) a computation layer in which the nodes denote computation IR instructions and edges denote data dependencies among instructions, and (ii) a communication layer in which the nodes denote memory operations (e.g., load/store) and edges represent memory dependencies detected by alias analysis. Secondly, we develop an optimization framework that partitions the multi-layer network into processing communities within which the computational workload is maximized while balancing the load among computational clusters. Thirdly, we propose a community-to-vault mapping algorithm for designing a scalable hybrid memory cube (HMC)-based system where vaults are interconnected through a network-on-chip (NoC) approach rather than a crossbar architecture. This ensures scalability to hundreds of vaults in each cube. Experimental results demonstrate that Prometheus consisting of 64 HMC-based vaults improves system performance by 9.8x and achieves 2.3x energy reduction, compared to conventional systems.
A sulfated carbohydrate epitope inhibits axon regeneration after injury (2012)

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) represent a major barrier to regenerating axons in the central nervous system (CNS), but the structural diversity of their polysaccharides has hampered efforts to dissect the structure-activity relationships underlying their physiological activity. By taking advantage of our ability to chemically synthesize specific oligosaccharides, we demonstrate that a sugar epitope on CSPGs, chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E), potently inhibits axon growth. Removal of the CS-E motif significantly attenuates the inhibitory activity of CSPGs on axon growth. Furthermore, CS-E functions as a protein recognition element to engage receptors including the transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPσ, thereby triggering downstream pathways that inhibit axon growth. Finally, masking the CS-E motif using a CS-E-specific antibody reversed the inhibitory activity of CSPGs and stimulated axon regeneration in vivo. These results demonstrate that a specific sugar epitope within chondroitin sulfate polysaccharides can direct important physiological processes and provide new therapeutic strategies to regenerate axons after CNS injury.
Energy harvesters with high electromagnetic conversion efficiency through magnet and coil arrays (2013)

This paper presents a new technique of converting mechanical energy to electrical energy that can be used to harvest mW - W power level from a vibrating surface of tens - hundreds microns amplitude. The technique uses an array of alternating north- and south-orientation magnets to enhance magnetic flux change by more than an order of magnitude. Experimental results show that a microfabricated energy harvester of 20mm×5mm×0.9mm (=0.09cc) weighing 0.5 gram generates an induced electromotive force (EMF) of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-p</sub> =30mV with 2.6μW power output (into 10.8Ω load) when it is vibrated at 290Hz with vibration amplitude of 11μm. Its macroscale version, that is scaled up to 51mm×51mm×10mm (=26cc) weighing 90 gram, generates an EMF of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-p</sub> =22V with 158mW power output (into 96Ω load) when it is vibrated at 82Hz with vibration amplitude of 414μm, and lights an incandescent light bulb.
Polymeric aperture masks for high performance organic integrated circuits (2004)

The use of polymeric aperture masks to fabricate high performance pentacene-based integrated circuits is presented. The aperture masks are fabricated using a laser ablation process with capabilities of generating 10 μm features. A mask set consisting of 4–6 aligned layers has been fabricated and has been used to demonstrate functional rf-powered integrated circuits with 20 μm gate lengths. Devices consisted of shadow-mask patterned layers of gold, alumina, and pentacene. TFT mobilities greater than 2 cm2/V s were measured and propagation delays from 7-stage ring oscillators of less than 5 μs were observed. This all-additive, dry patterning method has been extended to the production of samples as large as 6 in.×6 in. Larger aperture masks are under investigation and continuing efforts are focused on automation of the alignment process.
Using certification trails to achieve software fault tolerance (1993)

A conceptually novel and powerful technique to achieve fault tolerance in hardware and software systems is introduced. When used for software fault tolerance, this new technique uses time and software redundancy and can be outlined as follows. In the initial phase, a program is run to solve a problem and store the result. In addition, this program leaves behind a trail of data called a certification trail. In the second phase, another program is run which solves the original problem again. This program, however, has access to the certification trail left by the first program. Because of the availability of the certification trail, the second phase can be performed by a less complex program and can execute more quickly. In the final phase, the two results are accepted as correct; otherwise an error is indicated. An essential aspect of this approach is that the second program must always generate either an error indication or a correct output even when the certification trail it receives from the first program is incorrect. The certification trail approach to fault tolerance was formalized and it was illustrated by applying it to the fundamental problem of finding a minimum spanning tree. Cases in which the second phase can be run concorrectly with the first and act as a monitor are discussed. The certification trail approach was compared to other approaches to fault tolerance. Because of space limitations we have omitted examples of our technique applied to the Huffman tree, and convex hull problems. These can be found in the full version of this paper.
Pigment Distribution and Total Dissolved Solids of Selected Cycles of Table Beet from a Recurrent Selection Program for Increased Pigment (2005)

Half-sib recurrent selection programs were initiated at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1978 and 1995 to increase betalain (betacyanin and betaxanthin) concentration in red and yellow table beets ( Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris ), respectively. Cycles of selection from both the red and yellow table beet breeding programs were evaluated for pigment and total dissolved solids (TDS) distribution in five tissue sections (outer, middle and center zones of the root; leaf and petiole) in two environments (early and late planting) during 2002. Betaxanthin concentration increased with the later planting date in the majority of the tissue zones in the yellow and red table beet populations. Absolute pigment concentration of the outer root zone increased the most over cycles of selection: 46.6 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) betaxanthin and 201 mg/100 g FW betacyanin for yellow and red populations, respectively. However, the greatest rate of gain was in the center and middle tissue zones. Selection based on the outer 2 cm of root tissue has effectively increased pigmentation of the entire beet plant. A correlated response to selection in leaf and petiole tissue was measured for pigment concentration in both populations. The contribution of each tissue zone to total pigment concentration of the beet plant remained constant throughout cycles of selection averaging 39%, 25%, 25%, 6%, and 5% for outer, middle, center, petiole and leaf tissue zones, respectively. Across all table beet populations, pigment concentration of the outer root zone was 55% and 62% higher than middle and center zones, respectively. TDS of the outer root zone was 10% and 12% higher than middle and center zones, respectively.
In Vitro Stimulation of Macrophages by Quadrol [N, N, N′, N′- Tetrakis (2-Hydroxypropyl) Ethylenediamine] (1985)

Mouse peritoneal macrophages, when exposed to Quadrol [N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine] in vitro, show a dose dependent enhanced spreading over a four-hour period. In vitro Quadrol induced phagocytosis of polystyrene beads was found to be time and concentration dependent. The rate and extent of the enhancement of phagocytosis was comparable to that observed for lipopolysaccharide and tuftsin.
Improving Filtered Backprojection Reconstruction by Data-Dependent Filtering (2014)

Filtered backprojection, one of the most widely used reconstruction methods in tomography, requires a large number of low-noise projections to yield accurate reconstructions. In many applications of tomography, complete projection data of high quality cannot be obtained, because of practical considerations. Algebraic methods tend to handle such problems better, but are computationally more expensive. In this paper, we introduce a new method that improves the filtered backprojection method by using a custom data-dependent filter that minimizes the projection error of the resulting reconstruction. We show that the computational cost of the new method is significantly lower than that of algebraic methods. Experiments on both simulation and experimental data show that the method is able to produce more accurate reconstructions than filtered backprojection based on popular static filters when presented with data with a limited number of projections or statistical noise present. Furthermore, the results show that the method produces reconstructions with similar accuracy to algebraic methods, but is faster at producing them. Finally, we show that the method can be extended to exploit certain forms of prior knowledge, improving reconstruction accuracy in specific cases.
<i>Z</i>-Selective Ethenolysis with a Ruthenium Metathesis Catalyst: Experiment and Theory (2013)

The Z-selective ethenolysis activity of chelated ruthenium metathesis catalysts was investigated with experiment and theory. A five-membered chelated catalyst that was successfully employed in Z-selective cross metathesis reactions has now been found to be highly active for Z-selective ethenolysis at low ethylene pressures, while tolerating a wide variety of functional groups. This phenomenon also affects its activity in cross metathesis reactions and prohibits crossover reactions of internal olefins via trisubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates. In contrast, a related catalyst containing a six-membered chelated architecture is not active for ethenolysis and seems to react through different pathways more reminiscent of previous generations of ruthenium catalysts. Computational investigations of the effects of substitution on relevant transition states and ruthenacyclobutane intermediates revealed that the differences of activities are attributed to the steric repulsions of the anionic ligand with the chelating groups.
Direct oxidative methane conversion at elevated pressure and moderate temperatures (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect oxidative methane conversion at elevated pressure and moderate temperaturesDennis E. Walsh, Daniel J. Martenak, Scott Han, and Robert E. PalermoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 5, 1259–1262Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00005a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00005a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple description channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (2002)

This paper presents the design of multiple description trellis-coded quantizers that are optimized for transmitting data over multiple noisy channels. A multiple description channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (MDCOTCQ) scheme is developed whereby all trellis-coded quantizers (side and central) are designed to operate over the binary symmetric channel with a given bit error rate (BER). Using the tensor product of trellises, an expression of the multi-channel transition probability matrix is derived. This formulation enables the construction of multiple description channel-optimized trellis-coded quantizers for arbitrary bit rates and arbitrary channel bit error rates. The proposed MDCOTCQ system enables the transmission of compressed data over noisy diversity or packet-based communication systems, and enables outstanding robustness to channel or packet loss. Examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed MDCOTCQ-based source coder.
Resonance ionization of sputtered atoms: detecting one atom in a billion on a surface (1985)

Development of methods capable of quantitatively detecting low levels of impurities or dopants on surfaces is a formidable task. Instruments for this purpose must be extremely sensitive since the total number of surface atoms is quite low and yet must also be able to distinguish surface atoms from the much larger number of atoms in the bulk. Surface analysis by resonance ionization of sputtered atoms (SARISA) is a trace analysis technique which meets these criteria. Employing SARISA, determination of Fe and Ti concentrations on Si and Mo substrates has been performed. These experiments yield detection limits of 30 ppb with the removal of less than a monolayer of material. At present the detection limit of the SARISA apparatus is fixed by noise due to nonresonance ionization of other sputtered elements. This problem and other noise sources are discussed in light of the potential of SARISA to achieve sensitivities below 1 ppb.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell-of-origin classification using the Lymph2Cx assay in the context of BCL2 and MYC expression status (2015)

The discovery of two distinct gene expression profiles (GEP) with either a germinal center B-cell (GCB) or activated B-cell (ABC) cell-of-origin (COO) within diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) a...
Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood: No Mutations in the Familial Hemiplegic Migraine CACNA1A Gene (2000)

Other cerebral ion channel genes remain candidate genes for AHC.
Syntheses of 1-Epikanamycin A and Its 1-<i>N</i>-[(<i>S</i>)-4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyryl] Derivative (1983)

Abstract The titled compounds were prepared from 3,6′-bis(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-3″-N-(trifluoroacetyl)kanamycin A (1). Oxidation of 1 with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium tungstate gave the 1-hydroxyimino derivative, which, after deblocking, gave 1-deamino-1-dehydro-1-hydroxyiminokanamycin A (6). Reduction of 6 with Raney nickel–hydrogen in aqueous ammonia gave a mixture of kanamycin A and 1-epikanamycin A (9), which were separated through derivation to the corresponding tetrakis-N-(t-butoxycarbonyl) derivatives, which showed different solubility in chloroform. 1-N-[(S)-4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyryl]-1-epikanamycin A was prepared from 9 by the zinc acetate–ethyl trifluoroacetate method [to give 3,6′-bis(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-1-epi-3″-trifluoroacetamidokanamycin A] followed by a regiospecific 1-N-acylation with (S)-4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-hydroxybutyryl group and successive deblocking.
Reducing 4D CT artifacts using optimized sorting based on anatomic similaritya) (2011)

Optimized sorting using anatomic similarity significantly reduces 4D CT motion artifacts compared to conventional phase or displacement based sorting. This improved sorting algorithm is a straightforward extension of the two most common 4D CT sorting algorithms.
Synthesis of 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluorouracil-2-14C) (ftorafur-2-14C) (1978)

The synthesis of 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluorouracil-2-14C (Ftorafur-2-14C) has been accomplished by the condensation of 5-fluorouracil-2-14C and 2-chlorotetrahydrofuran using a procedure developed in our laboratory.
Catalytic reversible alkene-nitrile interconversion through controllable transfer hydrocyanation (2016)

Nitriles and alkenes are important synthetic intermediates with complementary reactivity that play a central role in the preparation of materials, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agrochemicals. Here, we report a nickel-catalyzed transfer hydrocyanation reaction between a wide range (60 examples) of alkyl nitriles and alkenes. This strategy not only overcomes the toxicity challenge posed by the use of HCN in traditional approaches, but also encompasses distinct chemical advances, including retro-hydrocyanation and anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity. In a broader context, this work highlights an approach to the reversible hydrofunctionalization of alkenes through thermodynamically controlled transfer reactions to circumvent the use of volatile and hazardous reagents in the laboratory.