gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary quercetin potentiates the antiproliferative effect of interferon-α in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through activation of JAK/STAT pathway signaling by inhibition of SHP2 phosphatase (2017)

Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) have broad and potent immunoregulatory and antiproliferative activities, which are negatively regulated by Src homology domain 2 containing tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2). Inhibition of SHP2 by small molecules may be a new strategy to enhance the effcacy of type I IFNs. Using an <i>in vitro</i> screening assay for new inhibitors of SHP2 phosphatase, we found that quercetin was a potent inhibitor of SHP2. Computational modeling showed that quercetin exhibited an orientation favorable to nucleophilic attack in the phosphatase domain of SHP2. Quercetin enhanced the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins 1 (STAT1) and promoted endogenous IFN-α-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, quercetin also sensitized the antiproliferative effect of IFN-α on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh7 cells. The overexpression of SHP2 attenuated the effect of quercetin on IFN-α-stimulated STAT1 phosphorylation and antiproliferative effect, whereas the inhibition of SHP2 promoted the effect of quercetin on IFN-α-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and antiproliferative effect. The results suggested that quercetin potentiated the inhibitory effect of IFN-α on cancer cell proliferation through activation of JAK/STAT pathway signaling by inhibiting SHP2. Quercetin warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic method to enhance the efficacy of IFN-α/β.
The origins of acquired immune deficiency syndrome viruses: where and when? (2001)

In the absence of direct epidemiological evidence, molecular evolutionary studies of primate lentiviruses provide the most definitive information about the origins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2. Related lentiviruses have been found infecting numerous species of primates in sub-Saharan Africa. The only species naturally infected with viruses closely related to HIV-2 is the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) from western Africa, the region where HIV-2 is known to be endemic. Similarly, the only viruses very closely related to HIV-1 have been isolated from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and in particular those from western equatorial Africa, again coinciding with the region that appears to be the hearth of the HIV-1 pandemic. HIV-1 and HIV-2 have each arisen several times: in the case of HIV-1, the three groups (M, N and O) are the result of independent cross-species transmission events. Consistent with the phylogenetic position of a 'fossil' virus from 1959, molecular clock analyses using realistic models of HIV-1 sequence evolution place the last common ancestor of the M group prior to 1940, and several lines of evidence indicate that the jump from chimpanzees to humans occurred before then. Both the inferred geographical origin of HIV-1 and the timing of the cross-species transmission are inconsistent with the suggestion that oral polio vaccines, putatively contaminated with viruses from chimpanzees in eastern equatorial Africa in the late 1950s, could be responsible for the origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
<i><scp>IKZF</scp>1</i> deletion is associated with a poor outcome in pediatric B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Japan (2013)

Genetic alterations of Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 (IKZF1), point mutations in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and overexpression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) were recently reported to be associated with poor outcomes in pediatric B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL. Herein, we conducted genetic analyses of IKZF1 deletion, point mutation of JAK2 exon 16, 17, and 21, CRLF2 expression, the presence of P2RY8-CRLF2 fusion and F232C mutation in CRLF2 in 202 pediatric BCP-ALL patients newly diagnosed and registered in Japan Childhood Leukemia Study ALL02 protocol to find out if alterations in these genes are determinants of poor outcome. All patients showed good response to initial prednisolone (PSL) treatment. Ph⁺, infantile, and Down syndrome-associated ALL were excluded. Deletion of IKZF1 occurred in 19/202 patients (9.4%) and CRLF2 overexpression occurred in 16/107 (15.0%), which are similar to previous reports. Patients with IKZF1 deletion had reduced event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to those in patients without IKZF1 deletion (5-year EFS, 62.7% vs. 88.8%, 5-year OS, 71.8% vs. 90.2%). Our data also showed significantly inferior 5-year EFS (48.6% vs. 84.7%, log rank P = 0.0003) and 5-year OS (62.3% vs. 85.4%, log rank P = 0.009) in NCI-HR patients (n = 97). JAK2 mutations and P2RY8-CRLF2 fusion were rarely detected. IKZF1 deletion was identified as adverse prognostic factor even in pediatric BCP-ALL in NCI-HR showing good response to PSL.
The Global Distribution of Lyme Disease (1985)

Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), the skin lesion characteristic of Lyme disease, was first described in Sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ECM have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. In Europe cases have occurred within the range of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ECM in Europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. In 1970 the first case of ECM acquired in the United States was reported, and in 1977, the full symptom complex now called Lyme disease was described. In the United States three geographic areas endemic for Lyme disease are recognized: the coastal areas of the Northeast; Minnesota and Wisconsin in the Midwest; and parts of California, Oregon, and western Nevada in the West. These areas correspond to the recognized distribution of Ixodes dammini in the Northeast and Midwest and Ixodes pacificus in the West. Isolated cases of illness compatible with Lyme disease have, however, been reported from other parts of the United States; this suggests that cases may be more widely distributed than is currently recognized and that other vectors may be involved. Supporting this suggestion is the description in 1982 of Lyme disease in Australia, where none of the currently recognized vectors are known to exist, and the report in 1984 that Ambylomma americanum ticks can harbor the spirochete that causes Lyme disease. The recognition of cases acquired in widely separated parts of the world involving multiple vectors suggests that cases may in the future be diagnosed in additional areas.
Characterizing Direct Monitoring Techniques in Software Systems (2016)

Monitoring is a consolidated practice to characterize the dependability behavior of a software system. A variety of techniques, such as event logging and operating system probes, are currently used to generate monitoring data for troubleshooting and failure analysis. In spite of the importance of monitoring, whose role can be essential in critical software systems, there is a lack of studies addressing the assessment and the comparison of the techniques aiming to monitor the occurrence of failures during operations. This paper proposes a method to characterize the monitoring techniques implemented in a software system. The method is based on a fault injection approach and allows measuring 1) precision and recall of a monitoring technique and 2) the dissimilarity of the data it generates upon failures. The method has been used in two critical software systems implementing event logging, assertion checking, and source code instrumentation techniques. We analyzed a total of 3 844 failures. With respect to our data, we observed that the effectiveness of a technique is strongly affected by the system and type of failure, and that the combination of different techniques is potentially beneficial to increase the overall failure reporting ability. More important, our analysis revealed a number of practical implications to be taken into account when developing a monitoring technique.
The immediate cause of the diurnal changes of nitrogen metabolism in leaves of nitrate‐replete tobacco: a major imbalance between the rate of nitrate reduction and the rates of nitrate uptake and ammonium metabolism during the first part of the light period (2001)

ABSTRACT To assess how diurnal changes of nitrate reductase ( NIA ) expression in leaves interact with upstream and downstream processes during nitrate utilization, nitrate uptake, and nitrate and ammonium metabolism were investigated at several times during the diurnal cycle in wild‐type tobacco. Plants were grown hydroponically on 2 m M nitrate to exclude possible complications due to changes in the external availability of nitrate, and to allow nitrate uptake to be measured in the growth conditions. (a) In leaves, the NIA transcript decreases during the day and recovers at night, and NIA activity increases three‐fold during the first part and declines during the second part of the light period. Nitrate decreases during the day and recovers at night, ammonium, glutamine, glycine and serine increase during the day and decrease at night, and 2‐oxoglutarate increases three‐fold after illumination and decreases during the last part of the light period. The amplitudes of the diurnal changes are similar to or larger than in tobacco grown on high nitrate in sand. The transcript for plastid glutamine synthetase ( GLN2 ) is low at the end of the night and increases during the day, and glutamine synthetase activity increases to a peak at the end of the day and decreases at night. (b) In the roots, transcript levels for the high affinity nitrate transporter ( NRT2 ) increase in the day and decrease at night. Nitrate uptake is about 40% higher during the day than at night. (c) Comparison of the diurnal changes of the leaf metabolite pools with the rate of nitrate uptake allows diurnal changes in fluxes to be estimated. During the first part of the light, the rate of nitrate assimilation is about two‐fold higher than the rate of nitrate uptake, and also exceeds the rate at which reduced nitrogen is metabolized in the GOGAT pathway. The resulting decrease of leaf nitrate and accumulation of nitrogen in intermediates of ammonium metabolism and photorespiration represent about 40 and 15%, respectively, of the total nitrate that enters the plant in 24 h. Later in the diurnal cycle as NIA expression and activity decline, this imbalance is reversed. NRT2 expression and nitrate uptake remain relatively high, and nitrate taken up during the night is used to replenish the leaf nitrate pool. Increased GLN2 expression in leaves during the second part of the light period allows continued assimilation of ammonium released during photorespiration and remobilization of the reduced nitrogen that accumulated earlier in the diurnal cycle.
Experimental performance of calibration and direction-finding algorithms (1991)

In sensor array processing, high-resolution eigenbased direction-finding algorithms are known to be sensitive to sensor gain, phase, and mutual coupling errors. In order to approach the algorithms' theoretical direction-finding performance in actual arrays, methods are required to measure these errors and compensate for them. The authors develop calibration procedures based on least squares fitting of known measured direction vectors. After calibration any appropriate direction-finding algorithm may be applied. Experimental results from an ultrasonic array testbed demonstrate the performance of the calibration algorithms. A previously proposed autocalibration algorithm is discussed. The algorithm is shown to give nonunique solutions for linear arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Viscoelastic analysis of seals for extended service life (1993)

The space station is being developed for a service life of up to thirty years. As a consequence, the design requirements for the seals to be used are unprecedented. Full scale testing to assure the selected seals can satisfy the design requirements are not feasible. As an alternative, a sub-scale test program (2) has been developed by MSFC to calibrate the analysis tools to be used to certify the proposed design. This research has been conducted in support of the MSFC Integrated Seal Test Program. The ultimate objective of this research is to correlate analysis and test results to qualify the analytical tools which in turn, are to be used to qualify the flight hardware. Seals are simple devices, in wide spread use. The most common type of seal is the O-ring. O-ring seals are typically rings of rubber with a circular cross section. The rings are placed between the surfaces to be sealed, usually in a groove of some design. The particular design may differ based on a number of different factors. This research is focused on O-rings that are staticly compressed by perpendicular clamping forces, commonly referred to as face seals. In this type of seal the O-ring is clamped between the sealing surfaces by loads perpendicular to the circular cross section.
A Broadband Mm-Wave VSWR-Resilient Joint True-Power Detector and Impedance Sensor Supporting Single-Ended Antenna Interfaces (2022)

Mm-wave 5G communication seeks to support multi-Gb/s data-rates over its large available spectrum, particularly in the K/Ka bands (24 to 40GHz). To ensure sufficient link budget under mm-wave path losses, array-based systems are required. However, element coupling in practical antenna arrays varies each antenna load from its ideal <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$50\Omega$</tex> impedance (i.e., VSWR = 1). Power amplifiers (PAs) govern the overall transmitter (Tx) performance yet are the most susceptible blocks to VSWR variation, as they interface directly with antennas. The antenna VSWR alters the PA load, degrading the PA linearity, efficiency, output power, and reliability. Multiple proposed reconfigurable PAs maintain the PA performance under VSWR but require VSWR resilient built-in-self-test (BiST), particularly on-chip power and impedance sensors, to determine the PA operation/reconfiguration. Previous work on power detectors is primarily based on voltage sensing, which only tracks the true RF power for a fixed and known real load. The works in [1] and [2] detect both load current and voltage to measure the real RF power over VSWR. However, both only properly operate for differential PAs, while most mm-wave front-end/antenna interfaces require single-ended connections. Meanwhile, reported impedance detectors consist of either an equivalent passive series element or shunt element with large capacitive loading [3]–[5]. These designs inevitably add loss, limit the PA output-matching-network (OMN) bandwidth (BW), and change the OMN impedance transformation. The authors of [6] demonstrate VSWR-resilient joint power-and-impedance sensing at mm-wave but only at a single frequency. To overcome these issues, we demonstrate a single-ended broadband VSWR-resilient joint true-power/impedance sensor. While the proposed sensor is realized with and without an integrated PA on a Wilkinson power combiner (WPC) under both small- and large-signal CW operation, it can be applied on any single-ended RF/mm-wave signal trace and is agnostic to PA designs.
Canadian Speaker Session 10: Canada and U.S. Approaches to Cross-Border Sales of Pharmaceuticals - Canadian Speaker (2023)

<p>[First paragraph]: " Thanks very much, Sara. That was very helpful in setting the stage for my presentation, which is on the Canadian perspective on cross-border pharmaceutical trade, in particular on the rise of Internet pharmacies over the last several years. </p> <p>First, I want to thank you for inviting me to speak to you today. I am really honored to be here. I am going to review the background of the rise of Internet pharmacies and look at the regulatory framework in Canada that has allowed them to be profitable. I will look at the arguments for and against the pharmacies from the Canadian perspective, what the regulators are doing, and what they may do in the future to curtail the growth of Internet pharmacies."</p>
Autonomous perception and decision-making in cyber-physical systems (2013)

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) belong to a relatively new interdisciplinary technology area in the science of autonomy, which includes the general class of embedded and hybrid systems. In CPS, the physical space is the source of information and the cyber space makes use of the generated information to identify pertinent events and to make decisions that, in turn, affect the physical space. The underlying computational and physical processes need to be integrated at appropriate temporal and spatial scales, which may require modeling and analysis of a variety of physical quantities for information generation and decision & control. To this end, the paper proposes an architecture for autonomous perception-based decision & control of complex cyber-physical systems.
Being SunSmart: Changes in Community Awareness and Reported Behaviour Following a Primary Prevention Program for Skin Cancer Control (1990)

This paper evaluates the impact of a large scale campaign to encourage increased protection from solar ultra violet radiation (UVR). Broadly representative household surveys were conducted both before and after the campaign. The initial survey showed high levels of awareness of a skin protection message. The survey following the campaign showed large increases in awareness of the campaign slogan. There were high levels of reporting about taking extra precautions for sun protection and of encouraging other people, particularly children, to increase their sun protection. Within the limitations of the design, the results are interpreted as demonstrating an impact of the campaign. There is high community awareness of the need to take precautions against overexposure to solar UVR, coupled with high knowledge of appropriate behaviours and increased reporting of actually taking these precautions.
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (Can) in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. (2022)

There is significant cardiac autonomic dysfunction among newly diagnosed Diabetes patients. This reaffirms the fact that early screening and diagnosis of this disease is paramount to prevent significant morbidity and mortality associated with the complications of the disease.
Reconsidering Institutional Labor Economics (2011)

The author illustrates the utility of institutional labor economics and makes a case for a reconsideration of it. Two recent developments motivate this effort: the rise of New Personnel Economics (NPE) as a significant subfield of labor economics and the substantial shifts in work organization that have taken place since the 1990s. Understanding how and why firms have reorganized work opens the door for a renewed interest in institutional approaches. The author explains that the rules of institutional labor markets (ILMs) emerge from the competition between organizational interest groups - unions, personnel professionals, and the government - and competing views of firms' objectives - resulting in the rise of ILMs, the slow diffusion of High Performance Work Systems, strategies used to obtain a high level of commitment from workers, the use of contingent employees, and the spread of new promotion rules in response to equal employment opportunity pressures. As such, the role of power and influence in establishing work rules is of central concern, though more conventional NPE considerations also remain important.
In Vitro Analysis of Peroxisomal Protein Import (2002)

This unit describes a quantitative in vitro assay for peroxisomal protein import that accurately reconstitutes established properties of the pathway. The cell-free system is ELISA based and employs semi-permeabilized human cells with a biotinylated peroxisomal targeting signal-containing substrate.
Serum erythropoietin level predicts the prognosis of chronic heart failure with or without anemia (2013)

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of erythropoietin (EPO) with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) or CHF complicated with anemia, in addition to its correlation with the prognosis of the patient. A total of 217 CHF patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were graded according to the cardiac function criteria of the New York Heart Association (NYHA). The serum EPO, NT-proBNP and hs-CRP levels of the patients were determined. The patients were followed up for ≥24 months. The EPO expression level in patients with NYHA II-IV CHF was significantly higher compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). EPO expression increased with the aggravation of CHF, exhibiting significant differences amongst the various NYHA graded groups (P<0.05). The EPO expression level increased significantly with an increase in NHA grade in addition to the severity of the anemia in the patients with CHF complicated by anemia (P<0.05). In the patients who succumbed (mortality group), the expression level of EPO was significantly higher and the hemoglobin level was significantly lower compared with those of the survival group (P<0.05). The EPO expression levels were elevated in CHF patients and patients with CHF and anemia. The level of expression correlated positively with the severity of CHF as well as that of anemia. Serum EPO measurements were successful in predicting the mortality and re-hospitalization rates of CHF patients at the end point, within two years of follow-up.
Military Load Carriage: A Novel Method of Interface Pressure Analysis (2001)

In the current military climate there is a constant need to strike a balance between the increasing amount of equipment carried by the modern soldier and the need to optimise performance and health. in co-operation with the Defence Clothing and Textile Agency load carriage equipment has been developed making use of novel interlace materials. These are used to distribute interface contact areas more extensively yet maintain air space next to the body surface. The purpose is to minimise peak pressure zones and reduce discomfort and pain so as to optimise performance and reduce the opportunity for injury. The paper will present novel methods for analysing interface pressures measured during load carriage on a treadmill and will consider the efficacy of this brief evaluative technique.
Energy efficiency and resource allocation of IEEE 802.15.6 IR-UWB WBANs: Current state-of-the-art and future directions (2017)

Network life time of Wireless Body Area Network (WBANs) is essential for its operation. An integral part of the network life time is the energy efficiency of the devices and enabling their transmissions with the optimal choice of Physical layer (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) parameters. Particularly, in the next generation wireless networks, where devices and sensors are heterogeneous and coexist in the same geographical area creating possible collisions and interference to each other, the battery power needs to be efficiently used. This paper consists of four complementing parts. In the first two parts, we study the two optimization algorithms proposed in our prior work. The first algorithm, Cross-Layer Optimization for Energy Efficiency (CLOEE), enables us to carry out a cross-layer resource allocation that addresses the rate and reliability trade-off in the PHY as well as the frame size optimization and transmission efficiency for the MAC layer. The second algorithm, Energy Efficiency Optimization of Channel Access Probabilities (EECAP), studies the case where the nodes access the medium in a probabilistic manner and jointly determines the optimal access probability and payload frame size for each node. These two algorithms address the problem from an optimization perspective. In the third part of the paper, we study the same problem from a game theoretical point of view. The last part of the paper is devoted to summarizing the challenges ahead and future research directions to increase the energy efficiency and network life time of WBANs.