gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of rat hepatocyte plasma membranes. I. Presence of the three major domains. (1983)

A rat liver plasma membrane preparation was isolated and characterized both biochemically and morphologically. The isolation procedure was rapid, simple and effective in producing a membrane fraction with the following biochemical characteristics: approximately 40-fold enrichment in three plasma membrane markers, 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I (both putative bile canalicular membrane enzymes), and the asialo-glycoprotein (ASGP) receptor (a membrane glycoprotein present along the sinusoidal front of hepatocytes); a yield of each of these plasma membrane markers that averaged approximately 16%; and minimal contamination by lysosomes, nuclei, and mitochondria, but persistent contamination by elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. Morphological analysis of the preparation revealed that all three major domains of the hepatocyte plasma membrane (sinusoidal, lateral, and bile canalicular) were present in substantial amounts. The identification of sinusoidal membrane was further confirmed when ASGP binding sites were localized predominantly to this membrane in the isolated PM using electron microscope autoradiography. By morphometry, the sinusoidal front membrane accounted for 47% of the total membrane in the preparation, whereas the lateral surface and bile canalicular membrane accounted for 6.8% and 23% respectively. This is the first report of such a large fraction of sinusoidal membrane in a liver plasma membrane preparation.
Correlation of force-length area with oxygen consumption in ferret papillary muscle. (1987)

The ventricular systolic pressure-volume area correlates well with myocardial oxygen consumption. However, in isolated muscle preparations, there are experimental data based on both mechanical and energetic measurements that suggest that the pressure-volume area concept may not obtain. In the present study, force-length area, the analog of pressure-volume area for a linear muscle, was examined in the ferret papillary muscle preparation under a wide range of loading conditions. There were two major findings: first, force-length area is closely correlated with oxygen consumption (r = 0.94-0.98); this correlation is better than those for such other indexes as peak force and force-time integral. Furthermore, this relation of oxygen consumption with force-length area is independent of the mode of contraction (isometric or shortening), while the relations with the other indexes are not. Second, quick release imposed after end-systole during isometric contraction was found to curtail oxygen consumption. The first finding, the optimal correlation of force-length area with oxygen consumption, suggests both that the correlation of pressure-volume area with oxygen consumption on the ventricular level arises from a basic property of cardiac muscle and that force-length area may be the best mechanical index to use in calculating regional oxygen consumption for a ventricular segment. The second finding, however, suggests that the time-varying elastance model, on which the concepts of pressure-volume area and force-length area are based, may not provide a complete description of the mechanical basis of cardiac muscle energetics, especially during the isometric contraction.
Gas insulated transmission line having low inductance intercalated sheath (2023)

A gas insulated transmission line including an outer sheath, an inner conductor disposed within the outer sheath, and an insulating gas between the inner conductor and the outer sheath. The outer sheath comprises an insulating tube having first and second ends, and having interior and exterior surfaces. A first electrically conducting foil is secured to the interior surface of the insulating tube, is spirally wound from one tube end to the second tube end, and has a plurality of overlapping turns. A second electrically conducting foil is secured to the exterior surface of the insulating tube, and is spirally wound in the opposite direction from the first electrically conducting foil. By winding the foils in opposite directions, the inductances within the intercalated sheath will cancel each other out.
<i>MEIS1</i> and <i>BTBD9</i>: genetic association with restless leg syndrome in end stage renal disease (2011)

This is the first demonstration of a genetic influence on RLS in ESRD patients with BTBD9 being significantly associated. The extent of the genetic predisposition could vary between different subgroups of RLS in ESRD.
Electrorefining Experience For Pyrochemical Reprocessing of Spent EBR-II Driver Fuel (2005)

Pyrochemical processing has been implemented for the treatment of spent fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) at Idaho National Laboratory since 1996. This report summarizes technical advancements made in electrorefining of spent EBR-II driver fuel in the Mk-IV electrorefiner since the pyrochemical processing was integrated into the AFCI program in 2002. The significant advancements include improving uranium dissolution and noble metal retention from chopped fuel segments, increasing cathode current efficiency, and achieving co-collection of zirconium along with uranium from the cadmium pool.
Perovskite solar cell with low cost Cu-phthalocyanine as hole transporting material (2014)

Low cost copper phthalocyanine has been used as hole-transporting material for the construction of organolead halide solid state perovskite solar cells.
Microcomputer‐Controlled Voltammetry in the Analysis of Transmitter Release in Rat Brain<sup>a</sup> (1986)

Microcomputer-based linear sweep voltammetry with carbon-paste electrodes has the following features: Subtraction of the background current produces a voltammogram with three well-resolved peaks: an ascorbate signal reflecting excitatory amino acid release; a uric acid signal that may be related to purine metabolism; and an HVA signal that is an index of dopamine release under certain conditions. Voltammograms from up to eight electrodes (for example, four electrodes in two rats or two electrodes in four rats) can be recorded simultaneously together with motor activity for each rat over extended periods. Electrodes remain stable over periods of many weeks as measured by the constancy of the mean peak height in a 24-hr period. Microcomputers in voltammetry provide flexibility of all recording parameters and a wide variety of methods of analysis. The combination of stable electrodes and the ability to monitor over extended periods means that interactions between transmitters in different brain regions and their relation to physiological processes can be studied.
Hybridization of two oligodeoxynucleotides to both strands of an RNA hairpin structure increases the efficiency of RNA‐DNA duplex formation (1996)

Hybridization of two oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ON1 and ON2), complementary to opposite strands of the apical domain of Escherichia coli 4.5S RNA, was studied. ON1, complementary to bases 58-71, was not able to form a stable RNA-DNA hybrid whereas ON2, complementary to bases 38-53, was. Addition of both oligonucleotides at the same time resulted in the formation of a ternary complex permitting hybridization of ON1 and increasing hybridization of ON2. Under this condition, binary complexes of ON1 or ON2 with 4.5S RNA were not observed. The data demonstrate that hybridization of oligonucleotides to both strands of an RNA hairpin structure increases the efficiency of hybridization of either oligonucleotide.
Contribution of endogenous endothelin-1 to the progression of cardiopulmonary alterations in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. (1993)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to have potent contractile and proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and is known to induce myocardial cell hypertrophy. We studied the pathophysiological role of endogenous ET-1 in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Four-week-old rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg monocrotaline (MCT rats) or saline (control rats) and were killed after 6, 10, 14, 18, and 25 days. In the MCT rats, right ventricular systolic pressure progressively increased and right ventricular hypertrophy developed in a parallel fashion. The venous plasma ET-1 concentration also progressively increased, and this increase preceded the development of pulmonary hypertension. The isolated pulmonary artery exhibited a significantly weaker response to ET-1 in the MCT rats on day 25 but not on days 6 and 14. In the MCT rats, the expression of prepro ET-1 mRNA as measured by Northern blot analysis significantly increased in the heart on days 18 and 25, whereas it gradually decreased in the lungs. The peptide level of ET-1 in the lungs also significantly decreased in the pulmonary hypertensive stage. The expression of prepro ET-1 mRNA had increased by day 6 only in the kidneys. Continuous infusion of BQ-123, a selective ETA receptor antagonist, by an osmotic minipump (14.3 mg per day per rat for 18 days) significantly inhibited the progression of both pulmonary hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure, 77.8 +/- 4.2 [mean +/- SEM] mm Hg [n = 10] versus 52.3 +/- 2.4 mm Hg [n = 7]; P < .01) and right ventricular hypertrophy (right ventricle/[left ventricle +/- septum], 0.56 +/- 0.03 [n = 10] versus 0.41 +/- 0.02 [n = 7]; P < .01). Histological examination revealed that BQ-123 also effectively prevented pulmonary arterial medial thickening. The inhibition of right ventricular hypertrophy by BQ-123 may be partly ascribed to the blockade of excessive stimulation of the heart by ET-1, in addition to the prevention of pulmonary hypertension. The present findings suggest that endogenous ET-1 contributes to the progression of cardiopulmonary alterations in rats with MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Early carbonatite magmatism at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano (Tanzania): carbonatite–silicate melt immiscibility in Lengai I melt inclusions (2021)

Carbonatites are unusual C-rich alkaline magmas that have been reported throughout the geological record. Nevertheless, there is only one currently active carbonatite system on Earth: Oldoinyo Lengai stratovolcano in northern Tanzania (God’s mountain in Maasai culture). Present-day Lengai carbonatites are natrocarbonatites, peculiar Na-rich carbonatites that, under atmospheric conditions, alter and leach to compositions similar to the more common Ca-carbonatites within weeks, preventing any long-term geological record of such Na-rich magmas. It follows that the oldest report of natrocarbonatites at Oldoinyo Lengai dates to the 19th century. Here, by using samples from the Lengai I cone ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> </mml:math> 11 ka), we show that immiscible silicate–carbonatite melts were already present at reservoir conditions at that time. Measurements of three-phase (carbonatite <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:math> silicate <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:math> gas) melt inclusions from Lengai I highlight that their chemical compositions were similar to those of immiscible melts recently present in the reservoir. Alkaline carbonatites in melt inclusions from both Lengai I and historical explosive eruptions are enriched in Ca relative to those historically effused at the surface and likely record higher equilibrium temperatures ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> </mml:math> 1100 °C). We also report chemical maps that qualitatively document elemental partitioning between immiscible silicate–carbonatite melts. We show that at the melt inclusions’ entrapment conditions Si, Fe, K, Na, and Cl are compatible with the silicate phase when C, Ca, P, Sr, Ba, and F are compatible with the carbonate phase.
Campesinado y derecho: la vía legal de su lucha (Castilla y León, siglos X-XIII) (1997)

This article questions the general assumption that the medieval peasantry was ruled by norms imposed from above. It argues that relations between lords and peasants were subject to a continuous process of negotiation and conflict. Legal disputes between organized communities of peasants (concejos), and their lords sometimes ended with a record (fuero) of provisions to regulate their mutual relations thereafter. These fueros embody an idea of legitimate power and also of the limits of legitimate power. It also argues that formal, legal disputes were closely connected with the everyday resistance that peasants often made to seignorial demands. This connection should be studied to understand the political activities of the peasantry.
Expression of VEGFR and PDGFR‐α/‐<i>β</i>in 187 canine nasal carcinomas (2016)

Radiotherapy represents the standard of care for intranasal carcinomas. Responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been reported but data on expression of target receptor tyrosine kinases (rTKs) is limited. This study characterizes the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and PDGFR-β in canine intranasal carcinomas. Histological samples from 187 dogs were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry was performed using commercially available antibodies. Expression of rTKs was classified into weak, moderate or intense and additionally recorded as cytoplasmic, membranous, cytoplasmic-membranous, nuclear or stromal. VEGFR was expressed in 158 dogs with predominantly moderate expression (36.9%) and a cytoplasmic-membranous expression pattern (70.9%). PDGFR-α was detected in 133 with predominantly weak expression (57.9%) and cytoplasmic pattern (87.9%). PDGFR-β was identified in 74 patients with a predominantly moderate expression (17.6%) and cytoplasmic expression pattern (63.5%). Co-expression of rTKs was common. These results confirm expression of VEGFR, PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β in canine intranasal carcinomas and support the utility of TKIs.
Evolution of Biochip Technology: A Review from Lab-on-a-Chip to Organ-on-a-Chip (2020)

Following the advancements in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies, a novel biomedical application for microfluidic based devices has emerged in recent years and microengineered cell culture platforms have been created. These micro-devices, known as organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms mimic the in vivo like microenvironment of living organs and offer more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human organs. Consequently, the concept of OOC has gained great attention from researchers in the field worldwide to offer powerful tools for biomedical researches including disease modeling, drug development, etc. This review highlights the background of biochip development. Herein, we focus on applications of LOC devices as a versatile tool for POC applications. We also review current progress in OOC platforms towards body-on-a-chip, and we provide concluding remarks and future perspectives for OOC platforms for POC applications.
[Study of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation III and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome score in evaluating severity of intensive care units patient]. (2003)

APACHE III is superior to MODS scoring system in evaluating severity of ICU patient, and APACHE III add MODS score can't increase the evaluating effectiveness compared to APACHE III and MODS score respectively in evaluating severity of ICU patient.
Recovery of Glycosylated gag Virusfrom Mice Infected with aGlycosylated gag-Negative Mutantof Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (1994)

Two independent pathways for gag gene expression exist in Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV). One begins with Pr65^gag that is processed and cleaved into the internal structural proteins of the virion. The other pathway begins with the glycosylated gag polyprotein, gPr80^gag gPr80^gag consists of Pr65^gag plus additional N-terminal residues and it is glycosylated. A glycosylated- gag-negative mutant of M-MuLV (Ab-X-MLV) was previously constructed and shown to replicate in tissue culture. To test for the importance of glycosylated gag in vivo, the Ab-X-MLV mutant was inoculated intraperitoneally into newborn NIH Swiss mice. Mutant-infected mice developed typical lymphoblastic lymphomas at rates comparable to wild-type M-MuLV at either high (2 x 10^4 XC pfu/animal) or low (2 x 10^2 XC pfu/animal) doses. However, when viral protein expression was examined in the resultant tumors, six out of six mice showed evidence of virus that had recovered gPr80^gag expression. These results suggest that glycosylated gag is important for M-MuLV propagation or leukemogenesis in vivo.
Use of fluorescent labeled anti–epidermal growth factor receptor antibody to image head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts (2007)

Physicians and surgeons rely on subtle tissue changes to detect the extent of tumors and the presence of residual disease in the clinical setting. The development of a cancer-specific fluorescent contrast agent has the potential to provide real-time tumor imaging in the clinic or operating room. Because epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly overexpressed on the surface of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we sought to determine if fluorescently labeled anti-EGFR antibody could be used to image HNSCC xenografts in vivo. Cetuximab or control isotype-matched IgG1 was conjugated with the Cy5.5 fluorochrome and systemically injected into mice bearing human split thickness skin grafts, tumor cell line xenografts, transplanted human tumor xenografts, or mouse mesothelioma tumors. Xenografts were imaged by time-domain fluorescence imaging or fluorescence stereomicroscopy. Both imaging modalities detected specific uptake of cetuximab-Cy5.5 in HNSCC xenografts with significantly higher fluorescence levels relative to control IgG1-Cy5.5. Tumor xenograft fluorescence was higher compared with background (before injection), human split thickness skin grafts, or mouse mesothelioma tumors at 24, 48, and 72 h. Fluorescence was detected in multiple HNSCC tumor cell lines with variable EGFR expression levels. Mock resections of flank tumors using fluorescence stereomicroscopy showed that small (2 mm) specimens could be detected in the surgical wound bed. These results show the feasibility of using fluorescently labeled anti-EGFR antibody to detect human tumors in the surgical setting.
An indoor location-based service using access points as signal strength data collectors (2010)

WLAN location determination algorithms can be classified into client-based approach and infrastructure-based approach. This paper proposes an infrastructure-based indoor location determination algorithm using access points (APs) as received signal strength (RSS) data collectors. Beside the role of RSS data collector, the APs can simultaneously play the role of communication. In the proposed system, each AP runs OpenWrt, Kismet, and MySQL client for collecting signal strength data from mobile devices. The location server builds a Nearest Neighborhood estimation model based on RSS measurements of the mobile device. In the example application, the system manager can easily collect training data and input location-aware contents using a web page. Once a mobile device enters the area with location-aware services, the AP will collect the RSS and IP of this device. Then when the mobile device connects to the web page provided by our system, the system will locate this device and show the location-based services to the user. The proposed system has the features of low deployment costs without additional hardware and a web-based interface for location-aware service content provider. Once the system is deployed, the content provider can easily create the location-aware services.
Advanced Molecular Knowledge of Therapeutic Drugs and Natural Products Focusing on Inflammatory Cytokines in Asthma (2019)

Asthma is a common respiratory disease worldwide. Cytokines play a crucial role in the immune system and the inflammatory response to asthma. Abnormal cytokine expression may lead to the development of asthma, which may contribute to pathologies of this disease. As cytokines exhibit pleiotropy and redundancy characteristics, we summarized them according to their biologic activity in asthma development. We classified cytokines in three stages as follows: Group 1 cytokines for the epithelial environment stage, Group 2 cytokines for the Th2 polarization stage, and Group 3 cytokines for the tissue damage stage. The recent cytokine-targeting therapy for clinical use (anti-cytokine antibody/anti-cytokine receptor antibody) and traditional medicinal herbs (pure compounds, single herb, or natural formula) have been discussed in this review. Studies of the Group 2 anti-cytokine/anti-cytokine receptor therapies are more prominent than the studies of the other two groups. Anti-cytokine antibodies/anti-cytokine receptor antibodies for clinical use can be applied for patients who did not respond to standard treatments. For traditional medicinal herbs, anti-asthmatic bioactive compounds derived from medicinal herbs can be divided into five classes: alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, and terpenoids. However, the exact pathways targeted by these natural compounds need to be clarified. Using relevant knowledge to develop more comprehensive strategies may provide appropriate treatment for patients with asthma in the future.
Observation of Ramsey fringes with optical CPT pulses (2004)

International audience
Evolution of Epoxy Encapsulation Compounds for Integrated Circuits: A User's Perspective (1987)

During the last 15 years, the ever-changing integrated circuit has required continued improvement in epoxy encapsulation compound technology. These changes are due to performance requirements that have become increasingly demanding and are driven by the integrated circuit's complexity, feature size reduction, power dissipation, quality/reliability, package form, and manufacturing cost factors. The majority of these performance criteria have been met by parallel epoxy encapsulation compound technology improvements. Resin purity, modified resin structure, additives, fillers and compound manufacturing methods yield satisfactory compound for most of today's integrated circuit applications. This paper describes the epoxy encapsulation technology improvements that have been made to meet changing integrated circuit requirements; and the affect the everdemanding requirements have on analytical methodology and testing procedure. Finally, the requirements for encapsulation materials will be presented to help suppliers understand integrated circuit challenges for the near future.
Entre la fe y la guerra (2016)

Durante buena parte de la historia, los antiguos habitantes del noreste de Mexico dejaron la prueba de su existencia en los frontones petreos: escenas de caza, rituales religiosos y muchas manifestaciones rupestres esparcidas en la accidentada geografia de esta region de nuestro pais. Sin embargo, una vez llegados los europeos, la situacion cambio, aunque las cronicas describen a los pobladores originales como salvajes, carentes de cultura, en realidad solo se trataba de una version parcial, un punto de vista que justificaba las acciones de exterminio por parte del invasor