gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature and SAR measurement errors in the evaluation of metallic linear structures heating during MRI using fluoroptic® probes (2007)

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the error associated with temperature and SAR measurements using fluoroptic temperature probes on pacemaker (PM) leads during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We performed temperature measurements on pacemaker leads, excited with a 25, 64, and 128 MHz current. The PM lead tip heating was measured with a fluoroptic thermometer (Luxtron, Model 3100, USA). Different contact configurations between the pigmented portion of the temperature probe and the PM lead tip were investigated to find the contact position minimizing the temperature and SAR underestimation. A computer model was used to estimate the error made by fluoroptic probes in temperature and SAR measurement. The transversal contact of the pigmented portion of the temperature probe and the PM lead tip minimizes the underestimation for temperature and SAR. This contact position also has the lowest temperature and SAR error. For other contact positions, the maximum temperature error can be as high as -45%, whereas the maximum SAR error can be as high as -54%. MRI heating evaluations with temperature probes should use a contact position minimizing the maximum error, need to be accompanied by a thorough uncertainty budget and the temperature and SAR errors should be specified.
Novel Poly-GalNAcβ1–4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc) and Fucosylated Poly-LacdiNAc N-Glycans from Mammalian Cells Expressing β1,4-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and α1,3-Fucosyltransferase (2005)

Glycans containing the GalNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc or LDN) motif are expressed by many invertebrates, but this motif also occurs in vertebrates and is found on several mammalian glycoprotein hormones. This motif contrasts with the more commonly occurring Galbeta1-4GlcNAc (LacNAc or LN) motif. To better understand LDN biosynthesis and regulation, we stably expressed the cDNA encoding the Caenorhabditis elegans beta1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAcT), which generates LDN in vitro, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) Lec8 cells, to establish L8-GalNAcT CHO cells. The glycan structures from these cells were determined by mass spectrometry and linkage analysis. The L8-GalNAcT cell line produces complex-type N-glycans quantitatively bearing LDN structures on their antennae. Unexpectedly, most of these complex-type N-glycans contain novel "poly-LDN" structures consisting of repeating LDN motifs (-3GalNAcbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-)n. These novel structures are in contrast to the well known poly-LN structures consisting of repeating LN motifs (-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-)n. We also stably expressed human alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX in the L8-GalNAcT cells to establish a new cell line, L8-GalNAcT-FucT. These cells produce complex-type N-glycans with alpha1,3-fucosylated LDN (LDNF) GalNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAcbeta1-R as well as novel "poly-LDNF" structures (-3GalNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha 1-3)GlcNAcbeta1-)n. The ability of these cell lines to generate glycoprotein hormones with LDN-containing N-glycans was studied by expressing a recombinant form of the common alpha-subunit in L8-GalNAcT cells. The alpha-subunit N-glycans carried LDN structures, which were further modified by co-expression of the human GalNAc 4-sulfotransferase I, which generates SO4-4GalNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc-R. Thus, the generation of these stable mammalian cells will facilitate future studies on the biological activities and properties of LDN-related structures in glycoproteins.
PD-1 Restrains Radiotherapy-Induced Abscopal Effect (2015)

We investigated the influence of PD-1 expression on the systemic antitumor response (abscopal effect) induced by stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in preclinical melanoma and renal cell carcinoma models. We compared the SABR-induced antitumor response in PD-1-expressing wild-type (WT) and PD-1-deficient knockout (KO) mice and found that PD-1 expression compromises the survival of tumor-bearing mice treated with SABR. None of the PD-1 WT mice survived beyond 25 days, whereas 20% of the PD-1 KO mice survived beyond 40 days. Similarly, PD-1-blocking antibody in WT mice was able to recapitulate SABR-induced antitumor responses observed in PD-1 KO mice and led to increased survival. The combination of SABR plus PD-1 blockade induced near complete regression of the irradiated primary tumor (synergistic effect), as opposed to SABR alone or SABR plus control antibody. The combination of SABR plus PD-1 blockade therapy elicited a 66% reduction in size of nonirradiated, secondary tumors outside the SABR radiation field (abscopal effect). The observed abscopal effect was tumor specific and was not dependent on tumor histology or host genetic background. The CD11a(high) CD8(+) T-cell phenotype identifies a tumor-reactive population, which was associated in frequency and function with a SABR-induced antitumor immune response in PD-1 KO mice. We conclude that SABR induces an abscopal tumor-specific immune response in both the irradiated and nonirradiated tumors, which is potentiated by PD-1 blockade. The combination of SABR and PD-1 blockade has the potential to translate into a potent immunotherapy strategy in the management of patients with metastatic cancer.
Estimated Bounds and Important Factors for Fuel Use and Consumer Costs of Connected and Automated Vehicles (2016)

This report details a study of the potential effects of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies on vehicle miles traveled (VMT), vehicle fuel efficiency, and consumer costs. Related analyses focused on a range of light-duty CAV technologies in conventional powertrain vehicles -- from partial automation to full automation, with and without ridesharing -- compared to today's base-case scenario. Analysis results revealed widely disparate upper- and lower-bound estimates for fuel use and VMT, ranging from a tripling of fuel use to decreasing light-duty fuel use to below 40% of today's level. This wide range reflects uncertainties in the ways that CAV technologies can influence vehicle efficiency and use through changes in vehicle designs, driving habits, and travel behavior. The report further identifies the most significant potential impacting factors, the largest areas of uncertainty, and where further research is particularly needed.
Development of reusable test equipment software using Smalltalk and C (1992)

article Free Access Share on Development of reusable test equipment software using Smalltalk and C Authors: Alan Dotts View Profile , Don Birkley View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN OOPS MessengerVolume 4Issue 2April 1993 pp 31–35https://doi.org/10.1145/157710.157716Online:01 December 1992Publication History 2citation215DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads215Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
PPP augmentation and real-time precise orbit determination for LEO satellites (2017)

It is valuable for ground users to realize centimeter-level positioning based on PPP. However, the initialization of PPP algorithm costs a long time, which limits its application. In order to achieve the near-real-time PPP positioning for users, an augmentation scheme by utilizing LEO satellite is proposed so as to improve the initialization speed of PPP solver. And then, the real-time orbit determination method with high-precision by utilizing a PPP pre-processing procedure is investigated to achieve the real-time orbit determination for LEO satellites at centimeter-level, and the orbit determination model and processing algorithm are designed. STK, GPS simulator, high dynamical GPS receiver, navigation augmentation equipment and the processing software are utilized to carry out the experimental verification. The experimental results show that, the real-time orbit determination software works correctly, the accuracy of orbit determination is better than 0.05 m, and the position and velocity prediction errors are less than 0.15 m and 0.018 cm/s in 15 minutes.
A Stereo Acoustic Echo Canceller Using Cross-Channel Correlation (2011)

Adaptive Filtering 196 operation can be relaxed by choosing P as small number, however small P sometimes cannot attain sufficient convergence speed improvement. To attain better performance even by small P, the affine projection method sometimes realized together with sub-band method. Another method categorized in the second approach is "WARP" method. Unlike to affine projection method which utilizes small change in the cross-channel correlation, the method utilizes large change in the cross-channel correlation. This approach is based on the nature of usual conversations. Even though using stereo sound for conversations, most parts of conversations are single talk monaural sound. The cross-channel correlation is usually very high and it remains almost stable during a single talking. A large change happens when talker change or talker's face movement happens. Therefore, the method applies a monaural adaptive filter to single sound source stereo sound and multi-channel (stereo) adaptive filter to non-single sound source stereo sound. Important feature of the method is two monaural adaptive filter estimation results and one stereo adaptive filter estimation result is transformed to each other by using projection matrixes, called WARP matrixes. Since a monaural adaptive filter is applied when a sound is single source stereo sound, we do not need to suffer from the rank problem. In this chapter, stereo acoustic echo canceller methods, multi-channel least mean square, affine projection and WARP methods, all of them do not need any modification to the speaker output sounds, are surveyed targeting conversational DTV applications. Then WARP method is explained in detail.
Steering strategy for a multi-axle wheeled vehicle (2017)

Owing to their superior off-road mobility and manoeuvring capability of multi-axle vehicles are used by Armies world over. There are only few studies related to selection of appropriate steering strategy for an eight wheeled vehicle. Multi-axle-steering increases the manoeuvrability by reducing the turning circle diameter at low speeds. Vehicle model is developed using Simulink software to perform simulations. Six practically implementable steering strategies using combinations of front wheel steer (FWS), FWS with intermediate wheel steer (IWS) and FWS with rear wheel steer (RWS) for an eight wheeled vehicle have been considered in this study. Bicycle model has been considered assuming left and right wheels steer at almost equal angles for large turning radius. Steering angles at intermediate and rear wheels are considered in proportion with front wheel steer angles. For constant forward speed, higher yaw velocity and lateral acceleration indicate capability of vehicle to take sharp turns. Under-steer behaviour is preferred in vehicle handling and smaller vehicle sideslip angles are associated with under-steer characteristic. Simulations have been carried out for step-steer input at constant forward speeds on a random road profile. It is observed that time required to attain steady state increases with increase in speed and increase in number of steerable axles. However, first and last axle has more effect achieving steady state than intermediate axle. Steering strategies with rear wheel steer (RWS) result in high yaw velocity and lateral acceleration responses, but they also produce undesirably large vehicle sideslip angles. Front two axle steering strategy is adopted for the eight wheeled vehicle based on this study. Objective evaluation of steady state handling behaviour in terms of steering angle as a function of lateral acceleration has been carried out through MBD simulation and actual test of vehicle on steering pad at NCAT VRDE. Good correlation between simulation and experimentation has been obtained.
H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> ‐Promoted Inter‐ and Intramolecular C−N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Quinazoline Derivatives (2022)

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide, a cheap and easily available green oxidant, can not only produce oxygen, but also produce hydroxyl radical by homogenization under the catalysis of metal. Toluene and benzyl halide can be oxidized to benzaldehyde by hydrogen peroxide and participate in the reaction with 2‐aminobenzylamine. Through the construction of C−N bond, a series of quinazoline derivatives were synthesized. This reaction allows a broad range of substrates as well as good functional group compatibility.
Inhibitory Effect of DA-9201, an Extract of Oryza sativa L., on Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Mouse Asthma Model (2006)

Asthma is one of the major public health problems worldwide and the morbidity and mortality of asthma has increased in the past two decades. Accumulating data suggest that unnecessary immune responses and inflammation should be suppressed to treat asthma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-asthmatic effects of DA-9201, an ethanolic extract of black rice (Oryza sativa L. var japonica), on an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of asthma. Balb/c mice immunized with OVA were administered with DA-9201 (30, 100 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.) or dexamethasone (3 mg/kg, p.o.) and challenged with 1% aerosolized OVA for 30 min. The effects on airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), antibody profiles and cytokines were evaluated. DA-9201 treatment significantly reduced the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and ameliorated the AHR. Lung histological features also showed that DA-9201 reduced airway inflammation. Furthermore, DA-9201 treatment decreased IFN-gamma as well as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the supernatant of cultured splenocytes, and suppressed the level of OVA-specific IgG, IgG2a, IgG1 and total IgE in plasma. DA-9201 showed anti-asthmatic effects by suppressing unnecessary immune responses, airway inflammation, eosinophilia, AHR and IgE level. These results suggest DA-9201 might be beneficial for the treatment of asthma.
Increase of β&#x2010;actin mRNA upon hypotonic perfusion of perfused rat liver (1991)

beta-Actin mRNA levels in livers exposed to hypotonic perfusion (from 305 to 225 mosmol/l) for one hour are increased 2-fold relative to albumin mRNA. Like albumin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and tyrosine aminotransferase mRNAs remain at the levels observed under normotonic conditions. The increase in beta-actin mRNA is interpreted as a cytoskeletal response due to cell swelling.
An Integrated-Photonics Optical-Frequency Synthesizer (2017)

Integrated-photonics microchips now enable a range of advanced functionalities for high-coherence applications such as data transmission, highly optimized physical sensors, and harnessing quantum states, but with cost, efficiency, and portability much beyond tabletop experiments. Through high-volume semiconductor processing built around advanced materials there exists an opportunity for integrated devices to impact applications cutting across disciplines of basic science and technology. Here we show how to synthesize the absolute frequency of a lightwave signal, using integrated photonics to implement lasers, system interconnects, and nonlinear frequency comb generation. The laser frequency output of our synthesizer is programmed by a microwave clock across 4 THz near 1550 nm with 1 Hz resolution and traceability to the SI second. This is accomplished with a heterogeneously integrated III/V-Si tunable laser, which is guided by dual dissipative-Kerr-soliton frequency combs fabricated on silicon chips. Through out-of-loop measurements of the phase-coherent, microwave-to-optical link, we verify that the fractional-frequency instability of the integrated photonics synthesizer matches the $7.0*10^{-13}$ reference-clock instability for a 1 second acquisition, and constrain any synthesis error to $7.7*10^{-15}$ while stepping the synthesizer across the telecommunication C band. Any application of an optical frequency source would be enabled by the precision optical synthesis presented here. Building on the ubiquitous capability in the microwave domain, our results demonstrate a first path to synthesis with integrated photonics, leveraging low-cost, low-power, and compact features that will be critical for its widespread use.
Clinical course and response to treatment of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia presenting with a high leukocyte count (1983)

The natural history and response to treatment of 46 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and a pretreatment leukocyte count of 100,000/microliters or higher were reviewed to identify the clinical features and response characteristics to the treatment of this group of patients. While the response rate of 52% was similar to that of patients with lower leukocyte counts, remission durations were shorter and related inversely to the height of the initial leukocyte count and to the number of treatment courses necessary to achieve a complete remission. A high incidence of hemorrhagic deaths was observed during the first 8 days of treatment. These hemorrhages occurred at a time when the leukocyte count was falling secondary to chemotherapy and the platelet count was still greater than 15,000/microliters. Pretreatment coagulation disorders and poor performance status were factors associated with this fatal complication. Antimetabolites to rapidly arrest leukemic cell proliferation and leukapheresis to avoid further leukostatic plug formation may be useful immediate measures to reduce the incidence of these fatal hemorrhages until the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have been elucidated.
Study for Laser Cladding of Ni60A on Copper Substrate by Laser (2008)

The Ni60A powder was clad on the copper by the laser through coaxial power feeding. The hardness and erosion resistance of the substrate and the cladding layer were measured and made contrasts. The morphology and the microstructures of the cladding layer were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy as well as the microstructure of bonding interface. The contents of major elements in the bonding interface were studied by energy dispersive spectrometer. Moreover, large amount of (Cu and Ni) solid solution formed a metallurgic and tight bonding with the good dilution between the substrate and cladding layer.
Literacy education in industrialized and developing countries. Changes of perspective and assessment approaches (1999)

Literacy rates in developing countries have increased significantly during the last decades. This calls for a more complex, multi-faceted and multi-level view of the competencies related to literacy. The article reviews the most recent and visible changes of theoretical perspectives and highlights some of the methodological consequences referring to an adequate measurement of literacy abilities. It is argued that improving the quality of literacy research and the effectiveness of literacy education is of utmost importance for industrialized as well as developing countries. Democracy, cultural participation, employment opportunities, and increase of income are inconceivable without a universal distribution of high standards of literacy among the population. (DIPF/orig.)
Machine Learning for Absolute Quantification of Unidentified Compounds in Non-Targeted LC/HRMS (2022)

LC/ESI/HRMS is increasingly employed for monitoring chemical pollutants in water samples, with non-targeted analysis becoming more common. Unfortunately, due to the lack of analytical standards, non-targeted analysis is mostly qualitative. To remedy this, models have been developed to evaluate the response of compounds from their structure, which can then be used for quantification in non-targeted analysis. Still, these models rely on tentatively known structures while for most detected compounds, a list of structural candidates, or sometimes only exact mass and retention time are identified. In this study, a quantification approach was developed, where LC/ESI/HRMS descriptors are used for quantification of compounds even if the structure is unknown. The approach was developed based on 92 compounds analyzed in parallel in both positive and negative ESI mode with mobile phases at pH 2.7, 8.0, and 10.0. The developed approach was compared with two baseline approaches- one assuming equal response factors for all compounds and one using the response factor of the closest eluting standard. The former gave a mean prediction error of a factor of 29, while the latter gave a mean prediction error of a factor of 1300. In the machine learning-based quantification approach developed here, the corresponding prediction error was a factor of 10. Furthermore, the approach was validated by analyzing two blind samples containing 48 compounds spiked into tap water and ultrapure water. The obtained mean prediction error was lower than a factor of 6.0 for both samples. The errors were found to be comparable to approaches using structural information.
Supervised teaching practice: a system for teacher support and quality assurance (2000)

Supervised teaching practice is practical supervision of teaching under the tutelage of an established teacher. It is proposed as a cost-effective integrated approach to linking the support and development of teachers with quality assurance. In modern undergraduate medical curricula increasing value is placed on teaching and teacher-training. The response to the General Medical Council's demand for a new style of undergraduate medical education requires a system of practical and continuous training which will ensure the highest standard among teachers. Supervised teaching practice offers such a system.
Ghrelin Acts at the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract to Decrease Arterial Pressure in Rats (2004)

Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide originally isolated from the stomach. Intracerebroventricular administration of ghrelin has been shown to elicit decreases in arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rabbits. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of ghrelin in the brain stem in cardiovascular responses in rats. Unilateral microinjection of ghrelin into the nucleus of the solitary tract significantly decreased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate (-17.3+/-0.8 mm Hg and -13.6+/-3.5 bpm by 20 pmol). The microinjection of ghrelin into the nucleus of the solitary tract also suppressed the renal sympathetic nerve activity (-29.5+/-3.4%; P<0.0001). Pretreatment with intravenous injection of pentolinium (5 mg/kg), a ganglion-blocking agent, eliminated these cardiovascular responses induced by the microinjection of ghrelin (20 pmol) into the nucleus of the solitary tract; however, pretreatment with intravenous injection of atropine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg), an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, failed to prevent them. In contrast, unilateral microinjection of ghrelin into the area postrema, rostral, and caudal ventrolateral medulla caused no significant changes in the mean arterial pressure and heart rate. On the other hand, immunohistochemical study revealed that the receptor for ghrelin, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, was expressed in the neuronal cells of the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, but not in the cells of the area postrema. These results suggest that ghrelin acts at the nucleus of the solitary tract to suppress sympathetic activity and to decrease arterial pressure in rats.