gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A summarization tool for time-sensitive social media (2012)

Searching social content in general and microblogs (aka tweets) in particular has been basic and limited, especially for time-sensitive topics. The currently implemented microblog search on sites such as Twitter is based on simple word matching and retrieves the most recent microblogs that match a given query. Furthermore, a user may obtain hundreds or perhaps thousands of microblogs in response to a given query, leading to information overload. We present a new multidimensional microblog search tool that generates a comprehensive report from microblogs instead of a flat list of recent/relevant microblogs for a given query. Reports may include tag-clouds, topic time series, and most popular and funny microblogs, etc. The tool can be configured for monitoring time-sensitive topics using a set of predefined queries. We demonstrate our system on Arabic and English microblog collections. Additionally, we show a special configuration of the system for monitoring the 2012 Egyptian presidential elections.
A 5800 μm² Process Monitor Circuit for Measurement of in-Die Variation of V<sub>th</sub> in 65nm (2020)

A compact 5800 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> process monitor circuit is demonstrated which can measure multiple threshold voltages (Vth) locally on a die. An accurate, process/voltage/temperatureindependent current source is provided to measure Vth using the constant current method to an accuracy of σ = 3.6 mV. The output is digitized by a sigma-delta modulator with a conversion time of 2ms. The circuit enables efficient and compact in-die variation monitoring of the key process parameters and is thus useful for the high-volume characterization of integrated circuit products. The circuit contains its own reference voltage, and thus can be used for calibration during testing or in the field.
Generation of Continuous Toolpaths for Additive Manufacturing Using Implicit Slicing (2021)

Abstract The generation of footpaths for additive manufacturing (AM), a process commonly known as “slicing,” has a strong impact on the performance of both the associated hardware systems and the resulting objects. Available slicers invariably produce discontinuous tootpaths, featuring jumps or so-catted “travel moves” during which the deposition of material or/and energy must be hatted. For AM processes using slowly solidifying feedstock materials, such as thermosetting polymers or cementitious mixtures such as concrete, these tootpath discontinuities are highly undesirable due to the artifacts they generate. This renders existing sticers difficult to use in such applications, and presents a road-block to the adoption of AM for such material systems. In the present work, this difficulty is addressed by the development of a simple geometric criterion for the existence of continuous tool-paths that are capable of producing a specified input geometry. This development is based on the principles of morphological geometric analysis and graph theory. It is shown that, for any geometric feature with a characteristic thickness at least twice the extrusion width, a continuous toolpath exists. Furthermore, a general-purpose algorithm for continuous toolpath generation, for arbitrarily shaped objects satisfying this criterion, is developed and demonstrated on a representative test problem. Finally, conclusions and the path forward for the usage of this approach with existing AM systems is explored.
Phosphorus Kinetics during Hemodiafiltration: Analysis Using a Pseudo-One-Compartment Model (2013)

A pseudo-one-compartment kinetic model is useful for the analysis of phosphorus kinetic data during HDF. Lower predialysis serum phosphorus concentrations during HDF are likely due to increased extracorporeal phosphorus clearance.
Etiological Clues from Gene Defects Causing Early Onset Familial Alzheimer’s Disease (1997)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that is invariably associated with and defined by the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and extracellular deposits of (3-amyloid in senile plaques and cerebral blood vessels in the brain. The etiologic events that lead to the generation of these pathological hallmarks and ultimately to synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline are not well understood. However, it is clear that a significant portion of AD has a genetic basis (for review, see ref. 1). These familial forms ofAlzheimer's disease (FAD) have been classified based on both the age of onset and the type of gene defect inherited. Within recent years, molecular genetic analyses have successfully led to the identification of three "causative" early onset (<60 yr) FAD genes located on chromosomes 1, 14, and 21, and, additionally, to the identification of an inherited "risk factor" for late-onset FAD (>60 yr old) on chromosome 19. In this chapter, we will concentrate on the causative defects in the three early onset FAD genes with an emphasis on the clues gained regarding the etiology and neuropathogenesis of the disease. The putative role of the fourth FAD gene, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and how it contributes to the disease process as a genetic risk factor will be covered in Chapter 2.KeywordsAmyloid Precursor ProteinAmyloid Precursor Protein GeneUpstream Stimulatory FactorAlzheimer Amyloid PrecursorAmyloid Precursor Protein PromoterThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Multiscale Formation Resistivity Imaging (2004)

Abstract Conventional interpretation of array resistivity log data is based on inversion. Multidimensional (2D, 3D) log inversion methods commonly use a single formation model (SFM) for the entire interpretation process. The SFM approach has severe limitations when executing either joint or sequential inversions. Here we present a new multidimensional array resistivity data inversion method that utilizes log-resolution-dependent multiscale formation models (MFM). Each of these resistivity models corresponds to a single log or a subset of the multi-array logs. The resistivity model for a particular subset is determined by the expected resolution of the subset logs. Each subset can contain one or more of the multiarray data logs. Our method consists of two main interpretation runs. For the first run, we interpret separate subarray logs using a set of MFMs. For the second, we generate the formation resistivity model or its image by inverting the results from the first in the radial direction. The method is applicable to any array log data acquired in vertical, deviated, or horizontal wells. The test modeling and inversion results are presented.
Code transformations for reduced data transfer and storage in low power realisations of MPEG-4 full-pel motion estimation (2002)

Data transfers and storage are crucial cost factors in multimedia systems. Systematic methodologies are needed to obtain dramatic reductions in terms of power, area and cycle count. The main contribution of this paper is the demonstration of the applicability, effectiveness and major power cost reduction of our data transfer and storage exploration methodology (called ATOMIUM) on the most critical part of the MPEG-4 video encoder standard.
Quantifying hypoxia in human cancers using static PET imaging (2016)

Compared to FDG, the signal of <sup>18</sup>F-labelled hypoxia-sensitive tracers in tumours is low. This means that in addition to the presence of hypoxic cells, transport properties contribute significantly to the uptake signal in static PET images. This sensitivity to transport must be minimized in order for static PET to provide a reliable standard for hypoxia quantification. A dynamic compartmental model based on a reaction-diffusion formalism was developed to interpret tracer pharmacokinetics and applied to static images of FAZA in twenty patients with pancreatic cancer. We use our model to identify tumour properties-well-perfused without substantial necrosis or partitioning-for which static PET images can reliably quantify hypoxia. Normalizing the measured activity in a tumour voxel by the value in blood leads to a reduction in the sensitivity to variations in 'inter-corporal' transport properties-blood volume and clearance rate-as well as imaging study protocols. Normalization thus enhances the correlation between static PET images and the FAZA binding rate K <sub>3</sub>, a quantity which quantifies hypoxia in a biologically significant way. The ratio of FAZA uptake in spinal muscle and blood can vary substantially across patients due to long muscle equilibration times. Normalized static PET images of hypoxia-sensitive tracers can reliably quantify hypoxia for homogeneously well-perfused tumours with minimal tissue partitioning. The ideal normalizing reference tissue is blood, either drawn from the patient before PET scanning or imaged using PET. If blood is not available, uniform, homogeneously well-perfused muscle can be used. For tumours that are not homogeneously well-perfused or for which partitioning is significant, only an analysis of dynamic PET scans can reliably quantify hypoxia.
Improved Photobiological H2 Production in Engineered Green Algal Cells (2005)

Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use solar energy to split water (H2O) into protons (H+), electrons (e-), and oxygen. A select group of photosynthetic microorganisms, including the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, has evolved the additional ability to redirect the derived H+ and e- to drive hydrogen (H2) production via the chloroplast hydrogenases HydA1 and A2 (H2 ase). This process occurs under anaerobic conditions and provides a biological basis for solar-driven H2 production. However, its relatively poor yield is a major limitation for the economic viability of this process. To improve H2 production in Chlamydomonas, we have developed a new approach to increase H+ and e- supply to the hydrogenases. In a first step, mutants blocked in the state 1 transition were selected. These mutants are inhibited in cyclic e- transfer around photosystem I, eliminating possible competition for e- with H2ase. Selected strains were further screened for increased H2 production rates, leading to the isolation of Stm6. This strain has a modified respiratory metabolism, providing it with two additional important properties as follows: large starch reserves (i.e. enhanced substrate availability), and a low dissolved O2 concentration (40% of the wild type (WT)), resulting in reduced inhibition of H2ase activation. The H2 production rates of Stm6 were 5-13 times that of the control WT strain over a range of conditions (light intensity, culture time, +/- uncoupler). Typically, approximately 540 ml of H2 liter(-1) culture (up to 98% pure) were produced over a 10-14-day period at a maximal rate of 4 ml h(-1) (efficiency = approximately 5 times the WT). Stm6 therefore represents an important step toward the development of future solar-powered H2 production systems.
Synthesis of 3,3‐Dimethyl‐4‐chromanones: Improved Procedures Without Ring Opening. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Latent transforming growth factor-<i>β</i> complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells contains the multifunctional cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor, also termed E-selectin-ligand or MG-160 (1997)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is secreted as latent high molecular mass complexes from producer cells. The N-terminal precursor remnant, also called latency-associated peptide (LAP), forms a non-covalently linked complex with TGF-beta and confers the latency to TGF-beta. In human platelets and certain other cell types, latent TGF-beta binding protein-1 (LTBP-1) is disulphide-linked to LAP, and forms complexes of more than 230 kDa. In addition, LTBP-2 and -3, which are structurally similar to LTBP-1, can be part of latent TGF-beta complexes. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the TGF-beta1 cDNA, a major part of the latent TGF-beta secreted into the medium is a 100-kDa small latent complex containing TGF-beta and LAP. In addition, we found two other forms of latent TGF-beta complexes, i.e. a 220-kDa complex containing LTBP-1, and a 220-kDa complex containing a 140-kDa protein. Purification of the 140-kDa component, termed latent TGF-beta complexed protein-1 (LTCP-1), followed by amino acid sequencing and cDNA cloning from a CHO cell cDNA library, revealed that it is a hamster counterpart of a previously identified, multifunctional protein known as chicken cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor, mouse E-selectin-ligand and rat MG-160 (a 160-kDa membrane sialoglycoprotein of the Golgi apparatus). Immunoprecipitation of LTCP-1 and TGF-beta1 from CHO cells stably transfected with TGF-beta1 precursor cDNA revealed that the expressed protein forms a complex with LAP, and that a major part of the complex is secreted. Northern blot analysis showed that mRNA for LTCP-1 was expressed in large amounts in testis, ovary and placenta, but less abundantly in other tissues. These results suggest that TGF-beta, produced in certain cell types, may form a complex with LTCP-1, which may have different properties compared with other latent TGF-beta complexes. It remains to be investigated whether the complex formation between LTCP-1 and TGF-beta1 also occurs in other cells, whether the association between them occurs in the Golgi complex, and whether it affects the interaction of LTCP-1 with FGF or E-selectin.
MMP-2 is a novel histone H3 N-terminal protease necessary for myogenic gene activation (2021)

This study revealed that MMP-2 is a novel H3NT protease and the principal H3NT protease of myoblast differentiation. The results indicate that myogenic signaling induces MMP-2-dependent H3NT proteolysis at early stages of myoblast differentiation. Importantly, the results support the necessity of nuclear MMP-2 H3NT protease activity, independent of MMP-2 activity in the ECM, for myogenic gene activation and proficient myoblast differentiation.
Optimistic parallelism requires abstractions (2009)

The problem of writing software for multicore processors is greatly simplified if we could automatically parallelize sequential programs. Although auto-parallelization has been studied for many decades, it has succeeded only in a few application areas such as dense matrix computations. In particular, auto-parallelization of irregular programs, which are organized around large, pointer-based data structures like graphs, has seemed intractable. The Galois project is taking a fresh look at autoparallelization. Rather than attempt to parallelize all programs no matter how obscurely they are written, we are designing programming abstractions that permit programmers to highlight opportunities for exploiting parallelism in sequential programs, and building a runtime system that uses these hints to execute the program in parallel. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a system based on these ideas. Experimental results for two real-world irregular applications, a Delaunay mesh refinement application and a graphics application that performs agglomerative clustering, demonstrate that this approach is promising.
Exact helical reconstruction using native cone-beam geometries (2003)

This paper is about helical cone-beam reconstruction using the exact filtered backprojection formula recently suggested by Katsevich (2002a Phys. Med. Biol. 47 2583-97). We investigate how to efficiently and accurately implement Katsevich's formula for direct reconstruction from helical cone-beam data measured in two native geometries. The first geometry is the curved detector geometry of third-generation multi-slice CT scanners, and the second geometry is the flat detector geometry of C-arms systems and of most industrial cone-beam CT scanners. For each of these two geometries, we determine processing steps to be applied to the measured data such that the final outcome is an implementation of the Katsevich formula. These steps are first described using continuous-form equations, disregarding the finite detector resolution and the source position sampling. Next, techniques are presented for implementation of these steps with finite data sampling. The performance of these techniques is illustrated for the curved detector geometry of third-generation CT scanners, with 32, 64 and 128 detector rows. In each case, resolution and noise measurements are given along with reconstructions of the FORBILD thorax phantom.
Quantitative measurement of illumination invariance for face recognition using thermal infrared imagery (2003)

A key issue for face recognition has been accurate identification under variable illumination conditions. Conventional video cameras sense reflected light so that image gray values are a product of both intrinsic skin reflectivity and external incident illumination, obfuscating intrinsic reflectivity of skin. It has been qualitatively observed that thermal imagery of human faces is invariant to changes in indoor and outdoor illumination, although there never has been any rigorous quantitative analysis to confirm this assertion published in the open literature. Given the significant potential improvement to the performance of face recognition algorithms using thermal IR imagery, it is important ot quantify observed illumination invariance and to establish a solid physical basis for this phenomenon. Image measurements are presented from two of the primarily used spectral regions for thermal IR; 3-5 micron MidWave IR and the 8-14 micron LWIR. All image measurements are made with respect to precise blackbody ground-truth. Radiometric calibration procedures for two different kinds of thermal IR sensors are presented and are emphasized as being an integral part to data collection protocols and face recognition algorithms.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and regeneration of the sciatic nerve of the rat (1990)

We have found that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulates regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve. This paper reviews and adds some new data to our investigations on the effects of local administration of IGF-I to the sciatic nerve after infliction of a crush or freeze injury.
Design of Superscalar Processor with Multi-Bank Register File (2005)

Recently, register files in highly parallel superscalar processors tend to have large chip areas and many access ports. This trend causes problems with chip-size, access time and power consumption. As one of the methods for solving these problems, we have proposed a multi-bank register file which realizes small area, high speed and low power consumption. We have proved the effectiveness of this method by simulation. We now show a detailed design of a superscalar processor with a multi-bank register file and its evaluation results. From the design by Verilog-HDL, the processor with the multi-bank register file improves register access speed by 49% at the cost of 28% more gates for register-access scheduling. These results verify that we have solved the problem of shortening the critical path around the register file in highly parallel processors.
Re‐engineering the Immune Response to Metastatic Cancer: Antibody‐Recruiting Small Molecules Targeting the Urokinase Receptor (2016)

Developing selective strategies to treat metastatic cancers remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the first antibody-recruiting small molecule (ARM) that is capable of recognizing the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a uniquely overexpressed cancer cell-surface marker, and facilitating the immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells. A co-crystal structure of the ARM-U2/uPAR complex was obtained, representing the first crystal structure of uPAR complexed with a non-peptide ligand. Finally, we demonstrated that ARM-U2 substantially suppresses tumor growth in vivo with no evidence of weight loss, unlike the standard-of-care agent doxorubicin. This work underscores the promise of antibody-recruiting molecules as immunotherapeutics for treating cancer.
A Diversity-Covering Approach to Immunization with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Apical Membrane Antigen 1 Induces Broader Allelic Recognition and Growth Inhibition Responses in Rabbits (2008)

Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1), a candidate malaria vaccine, is polymorphic. This polymorphism is believed to be generated predominantly under immune selection pressure and, as a result, may compromise attempts at vaccination. Alignment of 355 PfAMA1 sequences shows that around 10% of the 622 amino acid residues can vary between alleles and that linkages between polymorphic residues occur. Using this analysis, we have designed three diversity-covering (DiCo) PfAMA1 sequences that take account of these linkages and, when taken together, on average incorporate 97% of amino acid variability observed. For each of the three DiCo sequences, a synthetic gene was constructed and used to transform the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, allowing recombinant expression. All three DiCo proteins were reactive with the reduction-sensitive monoclonal antibody 4G2, suggesting the DiCo sequences had conformations similar to those of naturally occurring PfAMA1. Rabbits were immunized with FVO strain PfAMA1 or with the DiCo proteins either individually or as a mixture. Antibody titers and the ability to inhibit parasite growth in vitro were determined. Animals immunized with the DiCo mix performed similarly to animals immunized with FVO AMA1 when measured against FCR3 strain parasites but outperformed animals immunized with FVO AMA1 when assessed against other strains. The levels of growth inhibition (approximately 70%) induced by the mix of three DiCo proteins were comparable for FVO, 3D7, and HB3, suggesting that a considerable degree of diversity in AMA1 is adequately covered. This suggests that vaccines based upon the DiCo mix approach provide a broader functional immunity than immunization with a single allele.
Analogues of cysmethynil that demonstrate improved isoprenylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase (Icmt) inhibition activity and antiproliferative activity in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells (2009)

Many eukaryotic proteins, such as the Ras family of GTPases, contain a C‐terminal CAAX motif which directs the proteins through a three‐step post‐translational process termed prenylation. Icmt catalyzes the methylation of the C‐terminal prenylcysteine found on the prenylated protein, the last step in this process. Many studies have shown that inhibition of Icmt results in mislocalization and impaired function of the prenylated proteins, significantly impacts oncogenic transformation. Cysmethynil, an indole core small molecule inhibitor of Icmt, has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in an Icmt‐dependent fashion. Further evaluation of its mechanism of cell death in prostate cancer cells has revealed that the induction of autophagy is a major contributor. In an attempt to optimize activity, lead optimization of the indole core structure of cysmethynil was carried out and a series of structural analogues were synthesized. Evaluation of their enzyme inhibition and antiproliferative activities identified two analogues that show improvement of these properties of cysmethynil while maintaining a favourable drug‐like profile. These findings confirm and enhance our understanding that indole core Icmt inhibitors have significant impact on cancer cell growth and survival, and these new analogues may prove to be better suited for preclinical study of Icmt inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.