gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2113 3-Magnet Type Objective Lens Actuator for Optical Disc Drives (2005)

A new objective lens actuator structure for optical disc drives was developed. Three magnets were assembled as a magnetic circuit in the actuator. One magnet is placed in the center of one side of the moving part, and two other magnets are arranged at both ends of the other side of the moving part. This structure can prevent the actuator from rolling along the rolling axis of the moving part. According to the calculation and experimental results, the developed actuator shows that the inclination of the objective lens at the resonance frequency of rolling mode is reduced to 60%, compared with a conventional structure.
Granulysin induces recruitment and activation of antigen presenting cells and acts as an immune adjuvant and alarmin (135.69) (2009)

Abstract Granulysin (GNLY) is a 9-KD antimicrobial protein present in the granules of CTLs and NK cells. It kills a variety of pathogens, possesses antitumor activity and is expressed in diverse disease settings. Recently it was shown GNLY chemoattracts and activates monocytes. Here we demonstrate that GNLY (1) induces directional migration of monocyte derived DCs, (2) activates human dendritic cells (DCs) leading to the upregulation of phenotypic markers and production of proinflammatory cytokines and (3) induces functional maturation of DCs with the capacity to stimulate a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Intraperitoneal injection of human GNLY in mice causes a marked recruitment of inflammatory leucocytes and subsequent immunization with GNLY and OVA promotes antigen-specific immune responses, indicating that GNLY can activate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, based on its capacity to recruit and activate antigen presenting cells and promote an in vivo antigen-specific immune response, we consider GNLY an immune alarmin.
Conceptual Design of a Universal Donor Screening Approach for Vaginal Microbiota Transplant (2019)

The success of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in treating recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection has led to growing excitement about the potential of using transplanted human material as a therapy for a wide range of diseases and conditions related to microbial dysbiosis. We anticipate that the next frontier of microbiota transplantation will be vaginal microbiota transplant (VMT). The composition of the vaginal microbiota has broad impact on sexual and reproductive health. The vaginal microbiota in the "optimal" state are one of the simplest communities, dominated by one of only a few species of Lactobacillus. Diversity in the microbiota and the concomitant depletion of lactobacilli, a condition referred to as bacterial vaginosis (BV), is associated with a wide range of deleterious effects, including increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections and increased likelihood of having a preterm birth. However, we have very few treatment options available, and none of them curative or restorative, for "resetting" the vaginal microbiota to a more protective state. In order to test the hypothesis that VMT may be a more effective treatment option, we must first determine how to screen donors to find those with minimal risk of pathogen transmission and "optimal" vaginal microbiota for transplant. Here, we describe a universal donor screening approach that was implemented in a small pilot study of 20 women. We further characterized key physicochemical properties of donor cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) and the corresponding composition of the vaginal microbiota to delineate criteria for inclusion/exclusion. We anticipate that the framework described here will help accelerate clinical studies of VMT.
SRAM As An Array Of Energetic-Ion Detectors (1993)

Static random-access memory (SRAM) designed for use as array of energetic-ion detectors. Exploits well-known tendency of incident energetic ions to cause bit flips in cells of electronic memories. Design of ion-detector SRAM involves modifications of standard SRAM design to increase sensitivity to ions. Device fabricated by use of conventional complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Potential uses include gas densimetry, position sensing, and measurement of cosmic-ray spectrum.
Natural history of Waldenström macroglobulinemia following acquired resistance to ibrutinib monotherapy (2021)

Ibrutinib is highly active and produces long-term responses in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), but acquired resistance can occur with prolonged treatment. We therefore evaluated the natural history and treatment outcomes in 51 WM patients with acquired resistance to ibrutinib monotherapy. The median time between ibrutinib initiation and discontinuation was 2 years (range, 0.4-6.5 years). Following discontinuation of ibrutinib, a rapid increase in serum immunoglobulin M level was observed in 60% (29/48) of evaluable patients, of whom ten acutely developed symptomatic hyperviscosity. Forty-eight patients (94%) received salvage therapy after ibrutinib. The median time to salvage therapy after ibrutinib cessation was 18 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13-27). The overall and major response rates to salvage therapy were 56% and 44%, respectively, and the median duration of response was 48 months (95% CI: 34-not reached). Quadruple-class (rituximab, alkylator, proteasome inhibitor, ibrutinib) exposed disease (odds ratio [OR] 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.73) and salvage therapy ≤7 days after discontinuing ibrutinib (OR 4.12, 95% CI: 1.07- 18.9) were identified as independent predictors of a response to salvage therapy. The 5-year overall survival (OS) following discontinuation of ibrutinib was 44% (95% CI: 26-75). Response to salvage therapy was associated with better OS after ibrutinib (hazard ratio 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.38). TP53 mutations were associated with shorter OS, while acquired BTK C481S mutations had no impact. Our findings reveal that continuation of ibrutinib until subsequent treatment is associated with improved disease control and clinical outcomes.
A multifaceted ‘omics’ Approach for Addressing the Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance (2015)

The inappropriate use of antibiotics has severe global health and economic consequences, including the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A major driver of antibiotic misuse is the inability to accurately distinguish between bacterial and viral infections based on currently available diagnostic solutions. A multifaceted 'omics' approach that integrates personalized patient data such as genetic predisposition to infections (genomics), natural microbiota composition and immune response to infection (proteomics and transcriptomics) together with comprehensive pathogen profiling has the potential to help physicians improve their antimicrobial prescribing practices. In this respect, the EU has funded a multidisciplinary project (TAILORED-Treatment) that will develop novel omics-based personalized treatment schemes that have the potential to reduce antibiotic consumption, and help limiting the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Transmission zero generation for wideband high frequency evanescent mode filters (2014)

A new technique to generate transmission zeros in wideband high frequency evanescent mode filters is presented in this paper. The proposed technique is based on the inverted strongly coupled resonator pair (ISCRP), which is used to provide both a resonant node and a by-pass coupling. Large sequential coupling coefficients are obtained by inverting one or both resonators of the pair. Moreover, in order to realize a sufficiently strong intra-coupling, the two resonators are embedded within a section of dielectric-loaded waveguide or alternatively connected one to each other. The ISCRP allows for the realization of a sharp transmission zero that can be located extremely close to the passband edges of a wideband filter. The experimental results of a Ku-band filter with passband ranging from 11.60 to 19.40 GHz and having a transmission zero located 120 MHz away from the lower edge of the passband validate the proposed technique.
Diptheria toxin-interleukin 3 fusion protein therapy of patients with elderly or relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (2006)

6569 Background: To target myleoid leukemic stem cells in relapsed/refractory patients, we produced a recombinant protein composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin (DT 388 ) fused to human interleukin 3 (IL3). DT 388 IL3 binds to IL3 receptors on leukemic progenitors; the toxin is internalized and enzymatically inactivates protein synthesis leading to programmed cell death. We prepared a clinical batch of DT 388 IL3 and obtained FDA approval for a phase I study. Patients and Methods: Relapsed/refractory or elderly (≥70 years) AML patients with normal organ function and low anti-DT antibody titers were consented and given 15 minute infusions of DT 388 IL3 on a M-W-F for two weeks schedule. Premedication was hydrocortisone, acetaminophen, and diphenhydramine. Inter-patient dose escalation was done. Five patients at 4 ug/kg, 6 patients at 5.32 ug/kg, and 2 patients at 7.07 ug/kg received all 6 planned doses. Results: Eighteen patients have been treated as of 1/06. Median age was 58 years (25–81). There were 9 males and 9 females. One patient had de novo AML; 7 patients were in second relapse; 6 patients were in third relapse and 4 patients had refractory AML. One patient each received an autologous stem cell transplant (SCT), and an allogeneic SCT. Cytogenetics were unfavorable in 3, intermediate in 10 and not done in 5 patients. One patient each had MDS-related AML and treatment-related AML. Drug-related side effects were mild and transient including grade 3 fever, grade 2 hypotension, chills and hypoalbuminemia. Responses seen to date have been transient including a reduction in bone marrow blast index (% cellularity × fraction blasts) of pretreatment 40%, 70%, 36% and 40% converting to 8%, 4%, 4% and 4% on day 15. Conclusions: The preliminary data suggests mild toxicity with biological activity. Dose escalation is planned as per protocol. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
One-Step Homogeneous Immunoassay for Small Analytes (2005)

We have developed a one-step, homogeneous noncompetitive immunoassay for small analytes using recombinant antibodies and morphine as the model analyte. A highly specific antibody against the immune complex (IC) formed between an anti-morphine antibody and morphine was selected from a naive scFv phage display library. The in vitro phage library selection procedure avoids the difficulties associated with the production of anti-IC antibodies by animal immunization. The anti-morphine and the anti-IC antibodies were labeled with a pair of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorophores. In the FRET assay the labeled antibodies were incubated with saliva samples spiked with morphine, codeine, or heroin. Within 2 min, 5 ng/mL morphine, which is clearly under the recommended cutoff level, was detected without cross-reactivity to codeine or heroin. This assay principle is also widely applicable to other small analytes.
The Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau is Also Phosphorylated on Tyrosine (2009)

Tau protein is the principal component of the neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer's disease (AD), where it is hyperphosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. It is hypothesized that this hyperphosphorylation contributes to neurodegeneration through the destabilization of microtubules. There is now evidence that phosphorylation of tau can also occur on tyrosine residues. Human tau has five tyrosines numbered 18, 29, 197, 310, and 394, according to the sequence of the longest CNS isoform. Tyrosines 18, 197, and 394 have been shown to be phosphorylated in the brain of patients with AD whereas tyrosine 394 is the only residue that has been described to date that is phosphorylated in physiological conditions. Src family kinases and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) have been shown to phosphorylate tyrosine 18 while c-Abl is capable of phosphorylating tyrosine 394. Recently, a dual specificity kinase termed TTBK1 has been characterized in human brain and shown to be able to phosphorylate residue 197 of tau. Data about the role of tau tyrosine phosphorylation in neuronal physiology are still scarce and preliminary. In contrast, there is mounting evidence suggesting that tau tyrosine phosphorylation is an early event in the pathophysiology of AD and that Fyn and c-Abl are critical in the neurodegenerative process which occurs in tauopathies.
Adversarial Speaker Verification (2019)

The use of deep networks to extract embeddings for speaker recognition has proven successfully. However, such embeddings are susceptible to performance degradation due to the mismatches among the training, enrollment, and test conditions. In this work, we propose an adversarial speaker verification (ASV) scheme to learn the condition-invariant deep embedding via adversarial multi-task training. In ASV, a speaker classification network and a condition identification network are jointly optimized to minimize the speaker classification loss and simultaneously mini-maximize the condition loss. The target labels of the condition network can be categorical (environment types) and continuous (SNR values). We further propose multi-factorial ASV to simultaneously suppress multiple factors that constitute the condition variability. Evaluated on a Microsoft Cortana text-dependent speaker verification task, the ASV achieves 8.8% and 14.5% relative improvements in equal error rates (EER) for known and unknown conditions, respectively.
Stimulated generation of deterministic platicon frequency microcombs (2022)

Dissipative Kerr soliton generation in chip-scale nonlinear resonators has recently observed remarkable advances, spanning from massively parallel communications, to self-referenced oscillators, and to dual-comb spectroscopy. Often working in the anomalous dispersion regime, unique driving protocols and dispersion in these nonlinear resonators have been examined to achieve the soliton and soliton-like temporal pulse shapes and coherent frequency comb generation. The normal dispersion regime provides a complementary approach to bridge the nonlinear dynamical studies, including the possibility of square pulse formation with flattop plateaus, or platicons. Here we report observations of square pulse formation in chip-scale frequency combs through stimulated pumping at one free spectral range and in silicon nitride rings with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo form="prefix">+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>55</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>fs</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>mm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> normal group velocity dispersion. Tuning of the platicon frequency comb via a varied sideband modulation frequency is examined in both spectral and temporal measurements. Determined by second-harmonic autocorrelation and cross correlation, we observe bright square platicon pulse of 17 ps pulse width on a 19 GHz flat frequency comb. With auxiliary-laser-assisted thermal stabilization, we surpass the thermal bistable dragging and extend the mode-locking access to narrower 2 ps platicon pulse states, supported by nonlinear dynamical modeling and boundary limit discussions.
An improved CO<sub>2</sub>channel waveguide laser (1977)

CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> channel waveguide lasers have been constructed using boron nitride. This hot-pressed, smooth, easily machinable ceramic has high thermal conductivity and extremely low thermal expansion. These properties make it highly suitable for constructing compact, efficient, amplitude stable, tunable low-power lasers.
Full Waveform Inversion Using Wave Equation Reflectivity Modeling (2020)

Summary Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is routinely used to improve the accuracy and resolution of velocity models. However, utilizing reflections to produce low-wavenumber updates creates more operational challenges than using transmitted events. In order to simulate backscattered sensitivity kernels, FWI needs hard boundaries in the velocity/density models. Alternatively, one can apply the wave equation and first-order Born approximation to decompose the seismic wavefields into background and perturbation. Here, we derive an acoustic wave equation in terms of vector reflectivity to be used as the wave’s propagation engine of FWI. The new derivation results from the change of variables from impedance to reflectivity in the variable density wave equation. The main advantages of its insertion in our FWI algorithm are the following: it does not require the construction of density/hard boundaries in the velocity model to generate reflections; it allows the use of reflected events without the need of solving two different wave equations in the forward and backward propagation; it is more accurate than the method based on the first-order Born approximation to perturbation theory. We show synthetic and field data examples illustrating the advantages of the new algorithm.
Micromachined Electrode Arrays with Form-Fitting Profile for Auditory Nerve Prostheses (2005)

This paper reports the design, fabrication and simulation of a novel micromachined electrode array with a form-fitting profile for use in auditory nerve prostheses. A 10times10 electrode array is created in a 1mm<sup>2</sup> area using bulk micromachining technology. The space between the individual electrodes within the array is filled with a layer of SU-8 molded to conform to the curved surface of the auditory nerve. This layer enables the implant to be secured to the auditory nerve and to have a good sealing between the array and the nerve tissue after insertion. An electrical model for a single electrode is built. Both mechanical and electrochemical finite element analyses (FEA) of the array are also performed.
Preparation of catalysts via ion-exchangeable coatings on supports (1986)

The effect of tannin treatment (TSFM) and subsequent urea supplementation (TSFM + U) on the digestibility of sunflower meal (SFM) protein was studied by means of a three-phase laboratory method simulating the ruminant's digestion. Under the influence of the ruminal fluid 67% of SFM protein, 62% of TSFM protein and 58% of TSFM + U protein was degraded. The pepsin and pancreatin digestibilities of rumen undegraded protein (UDP) were as follow: 58.2% (SFM), 56.6% (TSFM), 43.3% (TSFM + U), and 22.0% (SFM), 28.8% (TSFM), 17.5% (TSFM + U), respectively. The four fractions (dissolved protein, oligopeptides, amino acids, and ammonia) of rumen degradable protein (DP) were also determined: 85 to 92% of rumen degradable protein was recovered in these four fractions. Owing to tannic acid treatment the quantity of dissolved protein decreased and that of oligopeptides increased.
Possibility of different soil sampling techniques with automated soil sampler (1996)

Abstract Obtaining soil samples over a small spaced grid for a field permits analyzing the soil with sufficient frequency and accuracy to provide information about fertilizers and pesticides to be applied in specific areas. For this need, an automated soil sampler was designed and built. The sampler is a trailed machine designed for automatic on‐the‐go sampling and packaging from a cultivated field. It contains a sampling mechanism, sample packer, packed sample collector, trace marker, control and alert system. The sample can be taken from locations spaced 15 and more meters. In manual regime it is possible to pick up samples in determined spots and around the field. In automated regime, one can collect soil samples along a swath or on grid bases in the field and in diagonal directions as predetermined. Packaging in separate plastic compartments of a connecting web gives wide flexibility for their subsequent physical processing (i.e. wet or dry sample preparation, combining several samples, etc.) and especially statistical processing of obtained soil analysis results. Calculations with the application of theory of probability show that the equal amount of soil samples from the determined area of the field on grid bases is more representative than any other sampling pattern. Using a grid sampling system it is also possible to make an assessment of any segment of the field with a higher probability. With this information about correlation among soil samples in both direction, it is possible to determine an improved and less costly pattern for future sampling. Notes The Belorussian Agri‐tech University, Belarus, 220004, Minsk, Opanskogo St. 5–40.
ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF PLASTICS FOR RECYCLING (1998)

Abstract The authors describe some successful experiments for electrostatic separation of various two-component mixtures of plastic waste. Two methods of triboelectric charging of plastics are described. One consists of a fluidized bed system with a central feeding tube. The second is a novel form of a rotating tube charger. Separation takes place in an electrostatic separation tower equipped with a set of nine sampling bins at the bottom for collection of the components. Numerous experiments have shown the feasibility of obtaining extract contents in excess of 99%. The rotating tube charger is preferred over the fluidized bed because of its simplicity and energy savings. The process has recently been adapted to an industrial scale capable of processing 1000 kg/hour and is currently being used to separate post-industrial plastic waste.
Lipase‐catalyzed enrichment of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (1996)

Abstract Lipase hydrolysis was evaluated as a means of selectively enriching long‐chain ω3 fatty acids in fish oil. Several lipases were screened for their ability to enrich total ω‐3 acids or selectively enrich either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The effect of enzyme concentration, degree of hydrolysis, and fatty acid composition of the feed oil was studied. Because the materials that were enriched in long‐chain ω3 acids were either partial glycerides or free fatty acids, enzymatic reesterification of these materials to triglycerides by lipase catalysis was also investigated. Hydrolysis of fish oil by either Candida rugosa or Geotrichum candidum lipases resulted in an increase in the content of total ω3 acids from about 30% in the feed oil to 45% in the partial glycerides. The lipase from C. rugosa was effective in selectively enriching either DHA or EPA, resulting in a change of either the DHA/EPA ratio or the EPA/DHA ratio from approximately 1:1 to 5:1. Nonselective reesterification of free fatty acids or partial glycerides that contained ω3 fatty acids could be achieved at high efficiency (approximately 95% triglycerides in the product) by using immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase with continuous removal of water.
Studies of Ir–Ta–O as High Temperature Stable Electrode Material and Its Application for Ferroelectric SrBi<sub>2</sub>Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Thin Film Deposition (1999)

An Ir–Ta–O/Ta/Si structure with Ir–Ta–O as electrode and Ta as diffusion barrier layer on silicon substrate has been fabricated. The Ir–Ta–O film was deposited by reactive sputtering using separate Ir and Ta targets in oxygen ambient. Annealing results performed from 500–1000°C in oxygen ambient showed that the Ir–Ta–O film exhibited extraordinary high temperature stability. This film showed good conductivity and integrity even after 5 min annealing at 1000°C. No destructive peeling and hillock formation were observed. By using this film as bottom electrode for depositing ferroelectric SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 thin film at 800°C, good ferroelectric properties were achieved.