gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A direct synthesis of indolocarbazoles <i>via</i> new dinitroterphenyl precursors (1992)

Abstract The two indolocarbazoles 2 and 4 were synthesized via the reductive ring closure of dinitrodiphenylbenzenes with triethylphosphite as reducing agent in a high boiling solvent. The electrochemical behaviour of the title systems is discussed.
An algorithm to increase speech intelligibility for hearing-impaired listeners in novel segments of the same noise type (2015)

Machine learning algorithms to segregate speech from background noise hold considerable promise for alleviating limitations associated with hearing impairment. One of the most important considerations for implementing these algorithms into devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants involves their ability to generalize to conditions not employed during the training stage. A major challenge involves the generalization to novel noise segments. In the current study, sentences were segregated from multi-talker babble and from cafeteria noise using an algorithm that employs deep neural networks to estimate the ideal ratio mask. Importantly, the algorithm was trained on segments of noise and tested using entirely novel segments of the same nonstationary noise type. Substantial sentence-intelligibility benefit was observed for hearing-impaired listeners in both noise types, despite the use of unseen noise segments during the test stage. Interestingly, normal-hearing listeners displayed benefit in babble but not in cafeteria noise. This result highlights the importance of evaluating these algorithms not only in human subjects, but in members of the actual target population.
Distinct protein degradation profiles are induced by different disuse models of skeletal muscle atrophy (2011)

Skeletal muscle atrophy can be a consequence of many diseases, environmental insults, inactivity, age, and injury. Atrophy is characterized by active degradation, removal of contractile proteins, and a reduction in muscle fiber size. Animal models have been extensively used to identify pathways that lead to atrophic conditions. We used genome-wide expression profiling analyses and quantitative PCR to identify the molecular changes that occur in two clinically relevant mouse models of muscle atrophy: hindlimb casting and Achilles tendon laceration (tenotomy). Gastrocnemius muscle samples were collected 2, 7, and 14 days after casting or injury. The total amount of muscle loss, as measured by wet weight and muscle fiber size, was equivalent between models on day 14, although tenotomy resulted in a more rapid induction of muscle atrophy. Furthermore, tenotomy resulted in the regulation of significantly more mRNA transcripts then did casting. Analysis of the regulated genes and pathways suggest that the mechanisms of atrophy are distinct between these models. The degradation following casting was ubiquitin-proteasome mediated, while degradation following tenotomy was lysosomal and matrix-metalloproteinase mediated, suggesting a possible role for autophagy. These data suggest that there are multiple mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy and that specific therapeutic agents may be necessary to combat atrophy resulting from different conditions.
Application of an automatic adaptive filter for Heart Rate Variability analysis (2013)

The presence of artifacts and noise effects in temporal series can seriously hinder the analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The tachograms should be carefully edited to avoid erroneous interpretations. The physician should carefully analyze the tachogram in order to detect points that might be associated with unlikely biophysical behavior and manually eliminate them from the data series. However, this is a time-consuming procedure. To facilitate the pre-analysis of the tachogram, this study uses a method of data filtering based on an adaptive filter which is quickly able to analyze a large amount of data. The method was applied to 229 time series from a database of patients with different clinical conditions: premature newborns, full-term newborns, healthy young adults, adults submitted to a very-low-calorie diet, and adults under preoperative evaluation for coronary artery bypass grafting. This proposed method is compared to the demanding conventional method, wherein the corrections of occasional ectopic beats and artifacts are usually manually executed by a specialist. To confirm the reliability of the results obtained, correlation coefficients were calculated, using both automatic and manual methods of ltering for each HRV index selected. A high correlation between the results was found, with highly significant p values, for all cases, except for some parameters analyzed in the premature newborns group, an issue that is thoroughly discussed. The authors concluded that the proposed adaptive filtering method helps to efficiently handle the task of editing temporal series for HRV analysis.
Rare Earth Doped Vitroceramics: New, Efficient, Blue and Green Emitting Materials for Infrared Up‐Conversion (1975)

New, efficient, vitroceramic hosts for rare earth luminescence are discussed. Their applications to infrared up‐conversion are emphasized. Optimized compositions lead to an efficiency nearly twice as high as commercially available . As for infrared to blue efficiency, these vitroceramics are among the best compounds obtained so far. The easy preparation in air atmosphere is described. The excitation spectra have the advantage of being broader than usual for up‐conversion phosphors. Kinetic studies present some puzzling behavior with respect to sample geometry; e.g., the rise time increases fourfold with sample thickness between 0.1 and 4.5 mm. Segregation of rare earths in the microcrystalline phase rather than in the glassy one is clearly shown which explains the high efficiencies.
Elucidating the Significance of β-Hydride Elimination and the Dynamic Role of Acid/Base Chemistry in a Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols (2004)

The mechanistic details of aerobic alcohol oxidation with catalytic Pd(IiPr)(OAc)(2)(H(2)O) (IiPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) are disclosed. Under optimal conditions, beta-hydride elimination is rate-limiting supported by kinetic studies including a high primary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) value of 5.5 +/- 0.1 and a Hammett rho value of -0.48 +/- 0.04. On the basis of these studies, a late transition state is proposed for beta-hydride elimination, which is further corroborated by theoretical calculations using density functional theory. Additive acetic acid modulates the rates of both the alcohol oxidation sequence and regeneration of the Pd catalyst. With no additive [HOAc], turnover-limiting reprotonation of intermediate palladium peroxo is kinetically competitive with beta-hydride elimination, allowing for reversible oxygenation and decomposition of Pd(0). With additive [HOAc] (>2 mol %), reprotonation of the palladium peroxo is fast and beta-hydride elimination is the single rate-controlling step. This proposal is supported by an apparent decomposition pathway modulated by [HOAc], a change in alcohol concentration dependence, a lack of [O(2)] dependence at high [HOAc], and significant changes in the KIE values at different HOAc concentrations.
Group delay of a micro-optic dynamic gain-flattening filter (2002)

We investigate the group delay spectrum of a novel micro-optic dynamic gain-flattening filter. We show theoretical delay of less than 1 ps over the operating range and compare with direct experimental measurements.
StyleGAN2 Distillation for Feed-forward Image Manipulation (2020)

StyleGAN2 is a state-of-the-art network in generating realistic images. Besides, it was explicitly trained to have disentangled directions in latent space, which allows efficient image manipulation by varying latent factors. Editing existing images requires embedding a given image into the latent space of StyleGAN2. Latent code optimization via backpropagation is commonly used for qualitative embedding of real world images, although it is prohibitively slow for many applications. We propose a way to distill a particular image manipulation of StyleGAN2 into image-to-image network trained in paired way. The resulting pipeline is an alternative to existing GANs, trained on unpaired data. We provide results of human faces' transformation: gender swap, aging/rejuvenation, style transfer and image morphing. We show that the quality of generation using our method is comparable to StyleGAN2 backpropagation and current state-of-the-art methods in these particular tasks.
Tomographical reconstruction of oceanic inhomogeneities. 2. Applications of partially coherent acoustic wave structures to Fresnel diffraction and differential tomography (2002)

Possibilities for using spatially localized acoustic noise sources for tomographical reconstruction of inhomogeneities in oceanic waveguides are discussed in this work. According to the method presented, the average characteristics of partially coherent wave bundles formed in such waveguides, are modeled and analyzed. A differential probing scheme is developed for the case where spatially localized inhomogeneities couple the acoustic energy among different acoustic bundles. It is shown that this effect gives rise to possibilities for estimating the spatial distribution of inhomogeneities along the acoustic path between the source and observation region. This then allows the possibility of imaging the inhomogeneities. The influence of coherence distortion of the acoustic illuminating waves on Fresnel diffraction tomography in the ocean is discussed. Applications to oceanic fronts and mesoscale oceanic inhomogeneities are presented. The use of ships as partially coherent space/time acoustic noise sources for tomographical reconstruction is mentioned.
A rich TILLING resource for studying gene function in Brassica rapa (2010)

We have developed the first EMS TILLING resource in the diploid Brassica species, B. rapa. The mutation density in this population is approximately 1 per 60 kb, which makes it the most densely mutated diploid organism for which a TILLING population has been published. This resource is publicly available through the RevGenUK reverse genetics platform http://revgenuk.jic.ac.uk.
Case–Control Study of an Acute Aflatoxicosis Outbreak, Kenya, 2004 (2005)

The novel methods and risk factors described may help health officials prevent future outbreaks of aflatoxicosis.
Enhanced Field Emission from Argon Plasma-Treated Ultra-sharp α-Fe2O3Nanoflakes (2009)

Hematite nanoflakes have been synthesized by a simple heat oxide method and further treated by Argon plasmas. The effects of Argon plasma on the morphology and crystal structures of nanoflakes were investigated. Significant enhancement of field-induced electron emission from the plasma-treated nanoflakes was observed. The transmission electron microscopy investigation shows that the plasma treatment effectively removes amorphous coating and creates plenty of sub-tips at the surface of the nanoflakes, which are believed to contribute the enhancement of emission. This work suggests that plasma treatment technique could be a direct means to improve field-emission properties of nanostructures.
Research in progress: the printmaking studio of the future in higher education? (2003)

This article introduces work undertaken as part of the research programme, The development and evaluation of computer-aided learning in relation to the history and contemporary practice of printmaking’. The research falls into two categories: • Pedagogy in relation to art and design • Printmaking, its future in tertiary art education There are many changes happening in the education sector and these changes will form part of the pedagogical framework that needs to be established to determine in what direction printmaking as part of art education will proceed. This research aims to help establish an understanding of what the printmaking studio within tertiary education will actually look like in the future and predict its role in this sector. This research demonstrates what can be produced using the computer as a part of the printmaker’s repertoire, looking carefully at the various printmaking areas that utilize computer technology.
Studies of Articular Cartilage Repair from 2009 to 2018: A Bibliometric Analysis of Articles (2021)

Studies focused on stem cells and tissue-engineered scaffolds led the field of damaged articular cartilage repair. International researchers studied allograft-related implantation approaches more often than Chinese researchers. Traditional surgical techniques, such as microfracture and osteochondral transplantation, gained high research interest over the past decade.
Selective inductively coupled plasma etching of group-III nitrides in Cl2- and BCl3-based plasmas (1998)

High-density plasma etching has been an effective patterning technique for the group-III nitrides due to ion fluxes which are two to four orders of magnitude higher than more conventional reactive ion etch systems. GaN etch rates exceeding 0.5 μm/min have been reported in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etch systems at relatively high dc-biases (&gt;200 V). However, under these conditions, the etch mechanism is dominated by ion bombardment energies which can induce damage and minimize etch selectivity. Development of etch processes with high selectivity has become relevant with recent interest in high power, high temperature electronic devices. In this study, we report ICP etch rates and selectivities for GaN, AlN, and InN in Cl2/Ar, Cl2/N2, Cl2/H2, Cl2/SF6, BCl3/Ar, BCl3/H2, BCl3/N2, and BCl3/SF6 plasma chemistries.
Molecular Lithography with DNA Nanostructures (2004)

Das Potenzial wird offengelegt: Bei dem hier beschriebenen Ansatz zur Nanofabrikation mithilfe von DNA-Templaten wurde eine Vielzahl an 1D- und 2D-DNA-Nanostrukturen aufgebaut und anschließend durch Metallabscheidung in Metallnanostrukturen überführt (siehe schematische Darstellung). Die Einfachheit und Flexibilität dieser Technik eröffnet eine Möglichkeit, die Schwächen traditioneller lithographischer Techniken zu überwinden. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z460257_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Outcome of renal replacement treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus. (1990)

Renal replacement treatment may give good results in diabetic patients, although the outlook remains less favourable than for non-diabetic patients because of coexistent, progressive vascular disease, which is more severe in older patients.
GC-1: A Thyromimetic With Multiple Therapeutic Applications in Liver Disease (2017)

Thyroid hormones (THs), namely, 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine (thyroxine or T4), influence a variety of physiological processes that have important implications in fetal development, metabolism, cell growth, and proliferation. While THs elicit several beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and improve myocardial contractility, these therapeutically desirable effects are associated to a thyrotoxic state that severely limits the possible use of THs as therapeutic agents. Therefore, several efforts have been made to develop T3 analogs that could retain the beneficial actions (triglyceride, cholesterol, obesity, and body mass lowering) without the adverse TH-dependent side effects. This goal was achieved by the synthesis of TRβ-selective agonists. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of one of the best characterized TH analogs, the TRβ1-selective thyromimetic, GC-1. In particular, we review some of the effects of GC-1 on different liver disorders, with reference to its possible clinical application. A brief comment on the possible therapeutic use of GC-1 in extrahepatic disorders is also included.
Flexible, Low-Cost Sensor Based on Electrolyte Gated Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor for Organo-Phosphate Detection (2017)

A flexible enzymatic acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on an electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field effect transistor is demonstrated. The enzyme immobilization is done on a planar gold gate electrode using 3-mercapto propionic acid as the linker molecule. The sensor showed good sensing capability as a sensor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, with a sensitivity of 5.7 μA/decade, and demonstrated excellent specificity when tested against interfering analytes present in the body. As the flexible sensor is supposed to suffer mechanical deformations, the endurance of the sensor was measured by putting it under extensive mechanical stress. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by more than 70% when the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer was spiked with 5 mg/mL malathion (an organophosphate) solution. The biosensor was successfully challenged with tap water and strawberry juice, demonstrating its usefulness as an analytical tool for organophosphate detection.
A Novel Combinatorial Therapy With Pulp Stem Cells and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Total Pulp Regeneration (2013)

Treatment of deep caries with pulpitis is a major challenge in dentistry. Stem cell therapy represents a potential strategy to regenerate the dentin-pulp complex, enabling conservation and restoration of teeth. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pulp stem cell transplantation as a prelude for the impending clinical trials. Clinical-grade pulp stem cells were isolated and expanded according to good manufacturing practice conditions. The absence of contamination, abnormalities/aberrations in karyotype, and tumor formation after transplantation in an immunodeficient mouse ensured excellent quality control. After autologous transplantation of pulp stem cells with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a dog pulpectomized tooth, regenerated pulp tissue including vasculature and innervation completely filled in the root canal, and regenerated dentin was formed in the coronal part and prevented microleakage up to day 180. Transplantation of pulp stem cells with G-CSF yielded a significantly larger amount of regenerated dentin-pulp complex compared with transplantation of G-CSF or stem cells alone. Also noteworthy was the reduction in the number of inflammatory cells and apoptotic cells and the significant increase in neurite outgrowth compared with results without G-CSF. The transplanted stem cells expressed angiogenic/neurotrophic factors. It is significant that G-CSF together with conditioned medium of pulp stem cells stimulated cell migration and neurite outgrowth, prevented cell death, and promoted immunosuppression in vitro. Furthermore, there was no evidence of toxicity or adverse events. In conclusion, the combinatorial trophic effects of pulp stem cells and G-CSF are of immediate utility for pulp/dentin regeneration, demonstrating the prerequisites of safety and efficacy critical for clinical applications.
Isolation and Characterization of E–64, a New Thiol Protease Inhibitor (1978)

A new thiol protease inhibitor, named E–64, was isolated from the extract of a solid culture of Aspergillus japonicus TPR–64 freshly isolated from soil. E–64 was obtained as white needles and the empirical formula was estimated to be C15N5–H27O5 (M. W. 357). This was almost neutral in its electrophoretic behavior and proved to be a specific and strong inhibitor toward thiol protease such as papain and cathepsin B. They combine equimolecularly and irreversibly.
High-efficiency (6+1)x1 combiner for high power fiber lasers and amplifiers (2013)

We have developed a (6+1)x1 combiner for fiber lasers and amplifiers based on a glass fusion technology. We have combined a conventional fiber fusion technology for pump channels with a new design for a single mode signal channel, which utilizes a vanishing core technology. The approach has been developed for single channel spot size converters and pitch reducing optical fiber arrays (PROFAs). Flexibility of this technology allows a custom design to match both a single or large mode area fiber at the input and a required active fiber at the output. The technology allows two parameters, mode field diameter (MFD) and taper diameter or channel spacing to be adjusted independently resulting in low loss coupling for signal channel at input and output. Utilizing this approach we have obtained better than 0.3 dB coupling for a signal channel at 1550 nm with a standard SMF28 fiber at the input and an active fiber at the output, while using six conventional 105/125 micron fibers as pump channels operating at 974 nm efficiently coupled to a double-clad fiber. Low signal loss results in high efficiency lasing or amplification suitable for high power applications. This unique technology allows excellent coupling for the signal channel as well as for the pump channels and is amenable to even more pump channels if desired.
ON END-TO-END ENCRYPTION FOR CLOUD-BASED SERVICES (2014)

Cloud-based services are now an integral part of everyday lives of many users.\nIndeed, users who do not use Facebook, Gmail, Dropbox, GoogleDrive, QQ, Baidu or\nsimilar services are now a rarity. These services offer seamless integration of\nuser data with multiple user-owned devices, reliable online backup, and enable\neasy and instant communications between users. Such features, at an affordable\nprice of zero dollars, make these services very popular, even though they are\nan antithesis to user privacy, and help create large-scale surveillance programs\nsuch as NSA PRISM. Several mechanisms have been proposed and implemented to make\nthese services privacy-friendly. Most past proposals rely on public key systems\nwith user-managed private keys, or password-based symmetric encryption.\nWe explore a symmetric-key approach without password-derived keys\n to facilitate end-to-end encryption of\nstored user data (e.g., cloud storage) and communication messages (e.g.,\nweb-based email). We propose Keyfob, a key management scheme for easy key\ntransfer between user-owned devices, and between users. Keyfob uses high-entropy\nrandom keys for encryption instead of password-derived keys, and leverages\nDH-EKE (Bellovin and Merritt, IEEE S&P 1992) with weak secrets for secure key\ntransfer. Each user needs to manage one user-master key, and all other keys are\nderived from that master key or a pair-wise shared master key. We implemented Keyfob\nas a Firefox extension using the Firefox Sync service, which implements an EKE\nvariant. Keyfob can make several applications and services privacy-friendly, if\nappropriate intermediate layers are implemented, e.g., as plugins between a\ntarget cloud-service application and the Keyfob extension. We have implemented\ntwo such plugins to support encrypted Dropbox (in desktop and Android) and Gmail\n(in desktop). Our hope in proposing Keyfob with a symmetric-key approach is to\nhighlight challenges in such a lesser-explored mechanism, and attract\nresearchers towards the long-standing problem of enabling end-to-end encryption\nin a cloud-dominated environment.