gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet function, thromboxane formation and blood pressure control during supplementation of the Western diet with cod liver oil. (1983)

Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest an antiatherothrombotic potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the Western diet, which supplies predominantly omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was supplemented with 40 ml/day of cod liver oil, which provides about 10 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids daily, for 25 days in eight volunteers. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were incorporated in platelet and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids at the expense of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bleeding time increased (p less than 0.01) and platelet count (p less than 0.05), platelet aggregation upon ADP and collagen (p less than 0.01-0.05), and associated thromboxane B2 formation (p less than 0.01) decreased. Blood pressure (p less than 0.05) and blood pressure response to norepinephrine (p less than 0.01) and angiotensin II (NS) fell, without major changes in plasma catecholamines, renin, urinary aldosterone, kallikrein, prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and red cell cation fluxes. Biochemical and functional changes were reversed 4 weeks after cod liver oil was discontinued. Formation of prostaglandins derived from eicosapentaenoic acid and interference of eicosapentaenoic acid with formation and action of prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid were evident in vitro. Whatever the mechanism, this moderate supplement of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids markedly changed membrane phospholipids, which was associated with a shift toward less reactive platelets and a blunted circulatory response to pressure hormones.
Nephrin ectodomain engagement results in Src kinase activation, nephrin phosphorylation, Nck recruitment, and actin polymerization (2006)

A properly established and maintained podocyte intercellular junction, or slit diaphragm, is a necessary component of the selective permeability barrier of the kidney glomerulus. The observation that mutation or deletion of the slit diaphragm transmembrane protein nephrin results in failure of podocyte foot process morphogenesis and concomitant proteinuria first suggested the hypothesis that nephrin serves as a component of a signaling complex that directly integrates podocyte junctional integrity with cytoskeletal dynamics. The observations made herein provide the first direct evidence to our knowledge for a phosphorylation-mediated signaling mechanism by which this integrative function is derived. Our data support the model that during podocyte intercellular junction formation, engagement of the nephrin ectodomain induces transient Fyn catalytic activity that results in nephrin phosphorylation on specific nephrin cytoplasmic domain tyrosine residues. We found that this nephrin phosphorylation event resulted in recruitment of the SH2-SH3 domain-containing adapter protein Nck and assembly of actin filaments in an Nck-dependent fashion. Considered in the context of the role of nephrin family proteins in other organisms and the integral relationship of actin dynamics and junction formation, these observations establish a function for nephrin in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics.
Separating content from form: A language for formatting on-line documentation and dialog (1985)

Recent research has demonstrated the advantages of separating management of the user interface from the application program. A user interface system should integrate access to on-line help and documentation with other dialog for interacting with the program into a uniform environment. We describe such a user interface management system, called ICE, with emphasis on its facilities for authoring networks of frames containing help information and menus for interacting with the application program. Authors can write help and dialog using a language similar to the SCRIBE document processing system, widely used at CMU and elsewhere. But instead of generating hardcopy documents for different printing devices, ICE produces interactive “softcopy” documents, consisting of a network of frames combining documentation and interface.
Metastatic Phenotype Is Regulated by Estrogen in Thyroid Cells (2010)

Our data provide evidence that the higher incidence of thyroid cancer in women is potentially attributed to the presence of a functional ER that participates in cellular processes contributing to enhanced mitogenic, migratory, and invasive properties of thyroid cells. These findings will enable and foster the possible development of antiestrogenic therapy targeting invasion and migration, thus affecting metastatic propensity.
Antitumor Effects due to Irreversible Stoppage of Tumor Tissue Blood Flow: Evaluation of a Novel Combretastatin A‐4 Derivative, AC7700 (1999)

The relation between tumor tissue blood flow (tBF) reduction and antitumor effects was investigated. Changes in tBF of normal tissues (liver, kidney cortex, bone marrow and brain cortex) and tumors (Yoshida sarcoma subline, LY80 and Sato lung carcinoma, SLC) due to i.v. administration of AC7700 (1, 3, 10 mg/kg), one of the combretastatin A-4 derivatives, were measured with the hydrogen clearance method. The change in blood flow in tumor microfoci was also observed directly using a rat transparent chamber. Chemotherapy against the solid tumors (LY80, SLC) was performed by administering AC7700 7 times at intervals of 3 days and the effect on the tumor growth, the histological effect, the effect on lymph node metastasis and the survival rate were investigated. Tumor tBF showed a dose-dependent response to AC7700. Although tumor tBF decreased markedly at a dose of 1 mg/kg, it tended to recover partly within several hours. At 10 mg/kg, however, tumor tBF completely stopped within approximately 30 min and never recovered in many regions. The irreversible stoppage of tumor tBF was observed in large s.c. tumors and in microfoci as well. On the other hand, in normal tissues, tBF changes due to AC7700 were not uniform. In the liver, although tBF decreased by approximately 50% at 10 mg/kg AC7700, it recovered within 8 h. In the brain, although the mean maximum reduction was 35%, the blood flow recovered to the original level within 24 h. The blood flow in the kidney cortex did not change at all. In the bone marrow, tBF decreased by approximately 80%. Generally, the blood flow reduction in normal tissues tended to be reversible. The effect on tumor growth and the histological effect were also dependent on the dose of AC7700. The tumor growth was markedly inhibited by 10 mg/ kg AC7700 and extensive necrosis was induced. Lymph node metastases were significantly inhibited and survival was prolonged significantly. In the control group, all 8 SLC tumor-bearing rats died of cancer, the presence of which was verified by gross and microscopic evaluation, within 45 days after tumor implantation. On the other hand, in the treated group, 2 of 8 rats recovered completely and survived. No obvious side effects such as body weight loss, anemia or diarrhea were observed at the dose used in this experiment. From these results, we conclude that strong antitumor effects are obtained by stopping tumor tBF irreversibly and by shutting off the nutritional supply into tumor tissue. AC7700 has been demonstrated to be a promising anticancer compound which has such an action.
Fine-Tuning and Optimization of Superconducting Quantum Magnetic Sensors by Thermal Annealing (2019)

In the present article, we present the experimental results concerning the fine-tuning and optimization of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) parameters by thermal annealing. This treatment allows for the modification of the parameters in order to meet a specific application or to adjust the device parameters to prevent the increase of magnetic field noise and work instability conditions due to a different critical current with respect to the design value. In particular, we report the sensor critical current, the voltage-flux (V-Φ) characteristics and the spectral density of the magnetic field of SQUID magnetometers for different annealing temperatures. The measurements demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a fine control of the most important device parameters. In particular, we show that thermal annealing allows for the reduction of SQUID noise by more than a factor of 5 and makes the device working operations very stable. These results are very useful in view of quantum technology applications related to superconducting quantum computing where the correct functioning of the quantum bit depends on the fine control of the superconducting quantum device parameters and selectable annealing is possible by using a suitable laser as a thermal source.
Uniformly-distributed random generation of join orders (1994)

. In this paper we study the space of operator trees that can be used to answer a join query, with the goal of generating elements form this space at random. We solve the problem for queries with acyclic query graphs. We first count, in O(n 3 ) time, the exact number of trees that can be used to evaluate a given query on n relations. The intermediate results of the counting procedure then serve to generate random, uniformly distributed operator trees in O(n 2 ) time per tree. We also establish a mapping between the N operator trees for a query and the integers 1 through N ---i. e. a ranking--- and describe ranking and unranking procedures with complexity O(n 2 ) and O(n 2 log n), respectively. 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The selection of a join evaluation order is a major task of relational query optimizers [Ull82, CP85, KRB85]. The problem can be stated as that of finding an operator tree to evaluate a given query, so that the estimated evaluation cost is minimum. In pract...
FFT-Based BP Decoding of General LDPC Codes Over Abelian Groups (2007)

We introduce a wide class of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, large enough to include LDPC codes over finite fields, rings, or groups, as well as some nonlinear codes. A belief-propagation decoding procedure with the same complexity as for the decoding of LDPC codes over finite fields is also presented. Moreover, an encoding procedure is developed
The release and transdermal penetration of baclofen formulated in a poloxamer lecithin organogel. (2009)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro release and ex vivo penetration of baclofen following incorporation into a 2% poloxamer lecithin organogel. Franz cells were utilized for both the release and penetration studies. Semi-permeable dialysis membranes were used as the model skin for the penetration study. Baclofen release and penetration at predetermined time points were assessed using high-performamce liquid chromatographic analysis. Results demonstrated that baclofen release from the poloxamer lecithin organogel was significantly higher than its penetration through porcine skin. The amount of baclofen released by the poloxamer lecithin organogel was linear up to 12 hours. Approximately 20% of applied drug was released over the duration of the study period. In comparison with drug released, the ex vivo penetration of baclofen through porcine skin was very low with only minute detectable quantities (significantly less than 1%) after the 12-hour study period. These results suggest that the request to include baclofen into a compounded poloxamer lecithin organogel should be approached cautiously by compounding pharmacists.
Software engineerng applied to discrete event simulations (1986)

Developing simulation programs shows many similarities with classical system software development tasks. In simulation one is often concerned with allocating and deallocating resources. Two forms of deadlock — the 'deadly embrace' and 'apré-vous' — can be troublesome to simulators unless they know how to avoid them in the first place. Critical races and time dependent functions are other characteristics shared between simulation and systems programming. If simulation is viewed and taught as data processing, the simulator will be ill-prepared for writing simulation code.
Dimerization of Recombinant Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Protein (2004)

The p30 movement protein (MP) is essential for cell-to-cell spread of tobacco mosaic virus in planta. We used anion-exchange chromatography and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to obtain highly purified 30-kDa MP, which migrated as a single band in native PAGE. Analytical ultracentrifugation suggested that the protein was monodisperse and dimeric in the nonionic detergent n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the detergent-solubilized protein contained significant alpha-helical secondary structure. Proteolysis of the C-tail generated a trypsin-resistant core that was a mixture of primarily monomers and some dimers. We propose that MP dimers are stabilized by electrostatic interactions in the C terminus as well as hydrophobic interactions between putative transmembrane alpha-helical coiled coils.
MET molecular mechanisms and therapies in lung cancer (2010)

The MET tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is upregulated in many cancers, including lung cancer. The pathway normally promotes mitosis, cell motility and cell survival; but in cancer it can also promote cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. The activating ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is normally secreted by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but can also be produced by tumor cells. MET upregulation in lung cancer is caused by overexpression and mutation. These mutations can vary with ethnicity. MET signaling affects cytoskeletal proteins such as paxillin, which participates in cell adhesion, growth and motility. Therapeutic approaches that block MET signaling are being studied, and include the use of: small interference RNA, Geldanamycin, competitive HGF homologues, decoy receptors and direct MET inhibitors such as K252a, SU11274, PHA665752 and PF2341066. It is hoped that blocking MET signaling may one day become an effective treatment for some lung cancers.
Determinants of Cytokine Induction by Small Interfering RNA in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2008)

Synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can trigger a strong innate immune response in mammalian cells. This nonspecific side effect may hinder the application of siRNAs as tools in gene silencing. Chemically synthesized siRNAs, including traditional 19-mers with 2-nt 3' overhangs, longer duplexes with blunt or 3' overhangs, and asymmetric duplexes with a blunt end and a 2-nt 3' overhang, can evoke strong dose-dependent interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This response is independent of retinoic acid-inducible gene I but may involve endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs). The immunostimulatory effect of the siRNAs is directly related to either or both of the strands of the duplex in a sequence-dependent manner. However, although some single-stranded RNAs and siRNAs potently evoked both IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha induction, these responses were not always coupled. In accordance with this, specific chemical modifications differentially altered cytokine production, suggesting recruitment of different TLRs in a sequence-dependent manner.
Characterization of time‐course morphological features for efficient prediction of osteogenic potential in human mesenchymal stem cells (2014)

ABSTRACT Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) represents one of the most frequently applied cell sources for clinical bone regeneration. To achieve the greatest therapeutic effect, it is crucial to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation potential of the stem cells during their culture before the implantation. However, the practical evaluation of stem cell osteogenicity has been limited to invasive biological marker analysis that only enables assaying a single end‐point. To innovate around invasive quality assessments in clinical cell therapy, we previously explored and demonstrated the positive predictive value of using time‐course images taken during differentiation culture for hBMSC bone differentiation potential. This initial method establishes proof of concept for a morphology‐based cell evaluation approach, but reveals a practical limitation when considering the need to handle large amounts of image data. In this report, we aimed to scale‐down our proposed method into a more practical, efficient modeling scheme that can be more broadly implemented by physicians on the frontiers of clinical cell therapy. We investigated which morphological features are critical during the osteogenic differentiation period to assure the performance of prediction models with reduced burden on image acquisition. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed characterization that describes both the critical observation period and the critical number of time‐points needed for morphological features to adequately model osteogenic potential. Our results revealed three important observations: (i) the morphological features from the first 3 days of differentiation are sufficiently informative to predict bone differentiation potential, both activities of alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition, after 3 weeks of continuous culture; (ii) intervals of 48 h are sufficient for measuring critical morphological features; and (iii) morphological features are most accurately predictive when early morphological features from the first 3 days of differentiation are combined with later features (after 10 days of differentiation). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1430–1439. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
I know what your packet did last hop: using packet histories to troubleshoot networks (2014)

The complexity of networks has outpaced our tools to debug them; today, administrators use manual tools to diagnose problems. In this paper, we show how packet histories--the full stories of every packet's journey through the network--can simplify network diagnosis. To demonstrate the usefulness of packet histories and the practical feasibility of constructing them, we built NetSight, an extensible platform that captures packet histories and enables applications to concisely and flexibly retrieve packet histories of interest. Atop NetSight, we built four applications that illustrate its flexibility: an interactive network debugger, a live invariant monitor, a path-aware history logger, and a hierarchical network profiler. On a single modern multi-core server, NetSight can process packet histories for the traffic of multiple 10 Gb/s links. For larger networks, NetSight scales linearly with additional servers and scales even further with straightforward additions to hardware- and hypervisor-based switches.
Wide viewing-zone angle hologram generation using phase-shifting hologram capture for holographic media communications (2012)

Phase-shifting digital holography is a hologram capture method used for natural scenes. We propose a method for enlarging the viewing-zone angle for the electronic holography input. During hologram generation, if we use multiple reference beams or multiple object beams whose incident angles differ slightly from each other, the viewing-zone angle of the phase-shifted hologram can be expanded several times compared to the original. In the experiment, a phase-shifted hologram with a viewing-zone angle of 16 degrees was generated using 3 object beams whose incident angles differ from each other by 5.6 degrees.
An integrated PCM encoder using interpolation (1978)

An A/D converter for single voice channel telephone signals, integrated in a digital bipolar technology, will be described. Interpolation has been used to achieve the wide dynamic range typically required for speech with only 18 analog quantization levels.
Algorithms in a Nutshell (2008)

Creating robust software requires the use of efficient algorithms, but programmers seldom think about them until a problem occurs. Algorithms in a Nutshell describes a large number of existing algorithms for solving a variety of problems, and helps you select and implement the right algorithm for your needs -- with just enough math to let you understand and analyze algorithm performance. With its focus on application, rather than theory, this book provides efficient code solutions in several programming languages that you can easily adapt to a specific project. Each major algorithm is presented in the style of a design pattern that includes information to help you understand why and when the algorithm is appropriate. With this book, you will:Solve a particular coding problem or improve on the performance of an existing solution Quickly locate algorithms that relate to the problems you want to solve, and determine why a particular algorithm is the right one to use Get algorithmic solutions in C, C++, Java, and Ruby with implementation tips Learn the expected performance of an algorithm, and the conditions it needs to perform at its best Discover the impact that similar design decisions have on different algorithms Learn advanced data structures to improve the efficiency of algorithmsWith Algorithms in a Nutshell, you'll learn how to improve the performance of key algorithms essential for the success of your software applications.
Combining depth information and local edge detection for stereo image enhancement (2012)

The recent developments in 3D display technology have opened new horizons and have raised a number of challenges related to the processing and coding of 3D media. Today, stereoscopic image technology is becoming widely used in many fields. The physical limitations of image acquisition systems, however, make stereoscopic technology far from being the most widely accepted solution. Furthermore, the depth/disparity extreme ranges may subject the viewers ’ eyes to additional strain, causing more discomfort. To address this issue, we propose in this paper to improve stereoscopic image quality by a novel contrast enhancement method that combines local edges and depth information. The contrast is increased locally, at specific depth levels for left and right views. The increase of contrast is controlled based on the depth information, and aims at promoting the nearest objects in the 3D scene. The results obtained from a psychophysi-cal experiment are encouraging and show that the proposed method produces stereo images that are less stressful on the eyes, thus providing more pleasant viewing experience. Index Terms — Stereo image enhancement, dispar-ity/depth map, local edge detection, human visual system.
Mass‐transfer coefficients in washcoated monoliths (2004)

Abstract The asymptotic mass‐transfer coefficients are determined in washcoated monoliths of various geometric shapes by solving the convection–diffusion equation in the fluid phase coupled with the diffusion–reaction equation in the washcoat. The dependency of the asymptotic Sherwood number (Sh ∞ ) on washcoat properties (relative effective washcoat thickness λ, ratio of diffusivity of reactant in the fluid phase to that in the washcoat δ, and the catalyst loading ϕ ) is examined. It is found that in the kinetic regime (ϕ → 0), Sh ∞ approaches a new asymptote (Sh w,∞ ) which depends on the flow as well as washcoat geometries. For δ → 0, Sh w,∞ approaches Sh corresponding to flow geometry, whereas for δ → ∞ it approaches Sh of flow geometry. As can be expected, in the mass transfer controlled regime, Sh ∞ approaches Sh T,∞ (flow geometry), which is independent of washcoat properties. It is also found that the variation of Sh ∞ with catalyst loading is not always monotonic when washcoat distribution around the channel perimeter is nonuniform. Numerical results, describing the variation of Sh ∞ with washcoat properties, are presented for some commonly used channel geometries. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2939–2955, 2004