gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryogenic electro-optic interconnect for superconducting devices (2020)

Abstract Encoding information onto optical fields using electro-optical modulation is the backbone of modern telecommunication networks, offering vast bandwidth and low-loss transport via optical fibers. For these reasons, optical fibers are also replacing electrical cables for short range communications within data centers. Compared to electrical coaxial cables, optical fibers also introduce two orders of magnitude smaller heat load from room to milli-Kelvin temperatures, making optical interconnects based on electro-optical modulation an attractive candidate for interfacing superconducting quantum circuits and hybrid superconducting devices. Yet, little is known about optical modulation at cryogenic temperatures. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-principle cryogenic electro-optical interconnect, showing that currently employed Ti-doped lithium niobate phase modulators are compatible with operation down to 800mK ---below the typical operation temperature of conventional microwave amplifiers based on high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs)---and maintain their room temperature Pockels coefficient. We utilize cryogenic electro-optical modulation to perform spectroscopy of a superconducting circuit optomechanical system, measuring optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT). In addition, we encode thermomechanical sidebands from the microwave domain onto an optical signal processed at room temperature. Although the currently achieved noise figure is significantly higher than that of a typical HEMT, substantial noise reduction should be attainable by harnessing recent advances in integrated modulators, by increasing the modulator length, or by using materials with a higher electro-optic coefficient, leading to noise levels on par with HEMTs. Our work highlights the potential of electro-optical modulators for massively parallel readout for emerging quantum computing or cryogenic classical computing platforms.
Identifying Known and Unknown Peer-to-Peer Traffic (2006)

Class-of-Service identification is a very useful task for enterprise, university and ISP networks. Peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic, being a significant portion of the network traffic today, constitutes a highly desirable class for identification. Accurate classification of P2P traffic is a challenging problem, and becomes even more challenging when we are constrained to use only transport-layer header information. In this paper, we present a new approach for P2P traffic identification, that uses fundamental characteristics of P2P protocols, such as a large network diameter and the presence of many hosts acting both as servers and clients. We do not use any application-specific information, but we are, however able to identify both known and unknown P2P protocols in a simple and efficient way.
2D-LC–MS/MS to Measure Cleaved High-Molecular-Weight Kininogen in Human Plasma as A Biomarker for C1-Inh-Hae (2017)

A reagent-free LC-MS assay has been developed for the quantitation of 46 kDa cHMWK, which was shown to be elevated in plasma of C1-INH-HAE patients due to C1-INH deficiency relative to that of healthy subjects.
Formations for Close-Orbiting Escort Vehicles (2004)

One concept for protecting and inspecting valuable space assets such as GPS satellites is the use of escort vehicles flying in formation with the asset. This paper presents a systematic analysis of nominal escort orbits and delta-V budgets for formation maintenance and asset inspection in LEO, GPS, and GEO orbits. Navigation accuracy and formation controller type are addressed as they affect the minimum size of the orbit and delta-V budget. The effects of differential drag, solar pressure, and the J2 gravitational harmonic are considered separately. Geometric constraints such as nadir-pointing payloads on the asset are also considered.The objectives of the escort vehicles are to maximize the protection space around the prime asset, maintain a safe separation distance from the prime and other escorts, avoid interference with the prime’s payloads, perform periodic inspections, and maximize the mission lifetime by minimizing the fuel consumption required for formation maintenance. Since the asset’s orbit is to be unchanged, the escort’s nominal orbits will be arrayed around the asset with the asset at the center of the formation. This is in contrast to a regular elliptical formation where all spacecraft are on the ellipse and will result in smaller separations for the same size ellipse. In order to achieve a large protection space and avoid the sensing/communication field of view of the prime, a passive formation is desired in which the escort orbits about the prime once each orbit, while oscillating back and forth in the cross-track direction. The cross-track amplitude involves orbital element differences which can potentially result in along-track drift due to the J2 perturbation. Selection of the element differences to avoid inclination differences serves to minimize the drift rate.The nominal escort geometry is an elliptical formation with a minimum separation distance of 1 km and a cross-track amplitude of about 0.707 km. The worst case secular drift rate is 13.2 m/hour, occurring at 42 degrees inclination in a 600 km LEO orbit. By defining the same formation with zero inclination difference and maximum difference in right ascension, the drift rate can be reduced to 2 mm/hour. For GEO orbits, even with the maximum inclination difference, the drift rate is less than 2.4 cm/hour. The drift rates scale linearly with the size of the escort’s relative ellipse. Delta-Vs to maintain these formations are on the order of 45-60 m/s/year. The contribution from J2 in LEO varies from less than 10 m/s to 350 m/s depending on the orbit parameters discussed above, but for many orbits can be compensated for with a semi-major axis difference. The contribution from drag (LEO only) is about 25 m/s. Solar pressure contributes about 30 and 43 m/s in LEO and GEO respectively. For both drag and solar pressure, the differential area was assumed to be 5 square meters, representative of a large space asset and a small escort vehicle.
All eyes on the monitor (2008)

The experiment described in this paper, shows a test environment constructed with two information spaces; one large with 2000 nodes ordered in semi-structured groups in which participants performed search and browse tasks; the other was smaller and designed for precision zooming, where subjects performed target selection simulation tasks. For both tasks, modes of gaze- and mouse-controlled navigation were compared.
A CMOS 8-bit 20MHz two-step parallel A/D converter with 95mW power consumption (1988)

The need for a low-cost, high-speed A/D converter with low power consumption is growing as digital video-signal processing applications in the consumer electronics field increase. Although a flash ADC offers a sufficiently high conversion rate for video applications, it has a high power consumption because of its large number of comparators. The two-step parallel ADC, on the other hand, has significantly fewer comparators, and thus a lower power consumption and, because its chip size is smaller, it can be made at lower cost. A conventional two-step parallel ADC has, however, three problems: a relatively slow conversion rate, a relatively poor differential linearity, and the need for a peripheral sample-and-hold circuit. The authors report a new 8-bit two-step parallel ADC which solves these problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of short, single-frequency, fiber lasers in high-gain fiber (1993)

Grating gain must be accounted for when designing single-frequency fiber lasers which utilize intracore, erbium-doped, Bragg reflectors for cavity feedback, and mode selectivity. A closed-form solution, derived through coupled mode theory for the spectral reflectivity of an intracore Bragg phase grating in an amplifying fiber is derived and applied to the design of single-mode fiber lasers. Both analytical and experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A blockchain based lightweight peer-to-peer energy trading framework for secured high throughput micro-transactions (2022)

With the electric power grid experiencing a rapid shift to the smart grid paradigm over a deregulated energy market, Internet of Things (IoT) based solutions are gaining prominence and innovative Peer To Peer (P2P) energy trading at micro-level are being deployed. Such advancement, however leave traditional security models vulnerable and pave the path for Blockchain, an Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) with its decentralized, open and transparency characteristics as a viable alternative. However, due to deregulation in energy trading markets, massive volumes of micro transactions are required to be supported, which become a performance bottleneck with existing Blockchain solution such as Hyperledger, Ethereum and so on. In this paper, a lightweight 'Tangle' based framework, namely IOTA (Third generation DLT) is employed for designing an energy trading market that uses Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) based solution that not only alleviates the reward overhead for micro-transactions but also provides scalability, quantum-proof, and high throughput of such transactions at low confirmation latency. Furthermore the Masked Authentication Messaging (MAM) protocol is used over the IOTA P2P energy trading framework that allows energy producer and consumer to share the data while maintaining the confidentiality, and facilitates the data accessibility. The Raspberry Pi 3 board along with voltage sensor (INA219) used for the setting up light node and publishing and fetching data from the Tangle. The results of the obtained benchmarking indicate low confirmation latency, high throughput, system with Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum. Moreover, the effect of transaction rate decreases when the IOTA bundle size increases more than 10. For bundle size 5 and 10 it behaves absolutely better than any other platform. The speedy confirmation time of transactions in IOTA, is most suitable for peer to peer energy trading scenarios. This study serves as a guideline for deploying, end-to-end transaction with IOTA Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and improving the performance of Blockchain in the energy sector under various operating conditions.
The PI-methods for Helical Cone-Beam Tomography (2001)

Abstract. Next generation helical cone-beam CT will feature pitches around 80 mm. It is predicted that reconstruction algorithms to be used in these machines with still rather modest cone angles may not necessarily be exact, but rather have an emphasis on simplicity and speed. The PImethods are a family of non-exact algorithms, all of which are based on complete data capture with a detector collimated to the Tam-window followed by rebinning to obliquely parallel ray geometry. The non-exactness is identified as inconsistency in the space invariant one-dimensional ramp-filtering step. It is shown that this inconsistency can be reduced resulting in significant improvement in image quality and increased tolerance for higher pitch and cone angle. A short theoretical background for the PI-methods is given but the algorithms themselves are not given in any detail. A set of experiments on mathematical phantoms illustrate (among other things) how the amount of artefacts grow with increasing cone angles. 1.
The Probation Field Visit and Office Report in New York State: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (1992)

Home visitation and office reporting are basic to the probation supervision process. They date to the earliest years of statutory probation and are employed both in the preparation of the presentence investigation and in the supervision of offenders. This paper presents a historical overview of the use of home visitation in the beginning years of probation. The purposes and problems of early visitation are contrasted with practices of today. Similarities and contrasts in visitation practices are explored. The changing nature of today's probation, including felony probation, probationer classification systems, and the impact of a drug epidemic, has given rise to a new set of concerns relating to home visitation in urban areas. Unless resolved, these issues may signal an end to routine home visits by probation officers.
Single Cell Manipulation Technology (2015)

With microfluidic technique emerging, cell manipulation technology combines with microfluidic become a promising tool for single-cell-level manipulation. To obtain a kind of or single pure target cell for eliminating interference of useless cells in the trial of molecular biology, genetic analysis, proteomics and single cell analysis, various cell manipulation techniques have been developed for recovery specific cells. In this review, we introduce the principles of each cell manipulation technology and overlook the latest achievements of cell manipulation technique by categorizing externally applied manipulation forces: optical, electrical, magnetic, acoustic, mechanical. We also summarize the advantages and drawbacks of each cell manipulation technique.
Image Inpainting with Learnable Bidirectional Attention Maps (2019)

Most convolutional network (CNN)-based inpainting methods adopt standard convolution to indistinguishably treat valid pixels and holes, making them limited in handling irregular holes and more likely to generate inpainting results with color discrepancy and blurriness. Partial convolution has been suggested to address this issue, but it adopts handcrafted feature re-normalization, and only considers forward mask-updating. In this paper, we present a learnable attention map module for learning feature renormalization and mask-updating in an end-to-end manner, which is effective in adapting to irregular holes and propagation of convolution layers. Furthermore, learnable reverse attention maps are introduced to allow the decoder of U-Net to concentrate on filling in irregular holes instead of reconstructing both holes and known regions, resulting in our learnable bidirectional attention maps. Qualitative and quantitative experiments show that our method performs favorably against state-of-the-arts in generating sharper, more coherent and visually plausible inpainting results. The source code and pre-trained models will be available.
Optimization for Greedy Non-maximum Suppression Based on Multi-task Convolutional Neural Network (2020)

Non-maximum suppression (NMS) is an essential part of the face detection pipeline based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). The typical approach for NMS used by face detection is a greedy, locally optimal strategy, which is to localize objects from a set of candidate locations. However, NMS still has some shortcomings, such as sometimes the detection box has no relationship with a high classification score, which leads to misjudging face localization during NMS. In this paper, we observed that the NMS implemented on the multi-task convolutional neural network (MTCNN) is a cascaded network and the enhanced NMS based on MTCNN to achieve high performance during face detection and alignment. We employ WIDER FACE as the test dataset to evaluate our proposal. The precision and recall curves are drawn when using three subsets at different thresholds. The result shows that the proposed approach can perform better performance than traditional NMS.
Sensorless direct power control for high-speed PMSM based on high-precision rotor position estimation (2017)

In order to improve the performance of the high-speed PMSM control system, a sensorless DPC (Direct Power Control) scheme for pump-kind applications is proposed. In the proposed DPC control strategy, a high-precision rotor position estimation is applied to obtain the accurate rotor position angle, which is the key factor for the DPC scheme. An experimental platform has been built, and the experimental results validate effectiveness of the proposed method.
Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation (2019)

Non-stimulatory self peptide MHC (pMHC) complexes do not induce T cell activation and effector functions, but can enhance T cell responses to agonist pMHC, through a process termed co-agonism. This protocol describes an experimental system to investigate co-agonism during human CD8+ T cell activation by expressing human MHC class I molecules presenting pre-determined peptides as single polypeptides (single chain MHC) in a xenogeneic cell line. We expressed single chain MHCs under conditions where low levels of agonist single chain p-MHC complexes and high levels of non-stimulatory single chain p-MHC complexes were expressed. Use of this experimental system allowed us to compare CD8+ T cell responses to agonist pMHC in the presence or absence of non-stimulatory pMHC. The protocol describes cell line transfection with single chain MHC constructs, generation of stable cell lines, culture of hepatitis B virus-specific human CD8+ T cells and T cell activation experiments simultaneously quantifying cytokine production and degranulation. The presented methods can be used for research on different aspects of CD8+ T cell activation in human T cell systems with known peptide MHC specificity.
Ernest Wood and the foundation of the musical tradition at St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne : A documented history (2015)

This book explores the religious, musical, and cultural motives and reasons for establishing and preserving the music traditions of St Paul's Cathedral, and documents their implementation and organisation by the Cathedral authorities, public personalities, and the first organist, Ernest Wood.
Heterologous Expression, Biosynthetic Studies, and Ecological Function of the Selective Gq‐Signaling Inhibitor FR900359 (2017)

The cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR), isolated from the tropical plant Ardisia crenata, is a strong and selective inhibitor of Gq proteins, making it an indispensable pharmacological tool to study Gq-related processes, as well as a promising drug candidate. Gq inhibition is a novel mode of action for defense chemicals and crucial for the ecological function of FR, as shown by in vivo experiments in mice, its affinity to insect Gq proteins, and insect toxicity studies. The uncultured endosymbiont of A. crenata was sequenced, revealing the FR nonribosomal peptide synthetase (frs) gene cluster. We here provide a detailed model of FR biosynthesis, supported by in vitro enzymatic and bioinformatic studies, and the novel analogue AC-1, which demonstrates the flexibility of the FR starter condensation domains. Finally, expression of the frs genes in E. coli led to heterologous FR production in a cultivable, bacterial host for the first time.
Sustainable Removal of Contaminants by Biopolymers: A Novel Approach for Wastewater Treatment. Current State and Future Perspectives (2021)

Naturally occurring substances or polymeric biomolecules synthesized by living organisms during their entire life cycle are commonly defined as biopolymers. Different classifications of biopolymers have been proposed, focusing on their monomeric units, thus allowing them to be distinguished into three different classes with a huge diversity of secondary structures. Due to their ability to be easily manipulated and modified, their versatility, and their sustainability, biopolymers have been proposed in different fields of interest, starting from food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries, (i.e., as excipients, gelling agents, stabilizers, or thickeners). Furthermore, due to their sustainable and renewable features, their biodegradability, and their non-toxicity, biopolymers have also been proposed in wastewater treatment, in combination with different reinforcing materials (natural fibers, inorganic micro- or nano-sized fillers, antioxidants, and pigments) toward the development of novel composites with improved properties. On the other hand, the improper or illegal emission of untreated industrial, agricultural, and household wastewater containing a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants represents a great risk to aquatic systems, with a negative impact due to their high toxicity. Among the remediation techniques, adsorption is widely used and documented for its efficiency, intrinsic simplicity, and low cost. Biopolymers represent promising and challenging adsorbents for aquatic environments’ decontamination from organic and inorganic pollutants, allowing for protection of the environment and living organisms. This review summarizes the results obtained in recent years from the sustainable removal of contaminants by biopolymers, trying to identify open questions and future perspectives to overcome the present gaps and limitations.
Antigenic homology within human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli fimbrial colonization factor antigens: CFA/I, coli-surface-associated antigens (CS)1, CS2, CS4 and CS17 (1989)

Immunoglobulins, prepared from polyclonal rabbit antisera raised against Escherichia coli fimbrial antigens, colonization factor antigen (CFA)/I, and coli-surface-associated antigens (CS)1, CS2 and CS4, were used to assess antigenic cross-reactions between these four fimbrial types by Western immunoblotting. Antibodies in a serum, prepared against CS4, cross-reacted strongly with the fimbrial subunits of CFA/I, CS1 and CS2. Antibodies in sera prepared against CFA/I and CS1 gave weak reactions with CS1 or CFA/I respectively and also with CS2 and CS4, while the antiserum prepared against CS2 did not react. CS4 antiserum also reacted with the CS17 fimbrial subunit, but not with the subunits of fimbrial antigens: CFA/III, CS5, putative colonization factor (PCF) 0159: H4 or PCF0166.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of a new antibiotic, MDL 62,879 (GE2270 A) (1993)

MDL 62,879 (GE2270 A) is a new peptide antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis through an interaction with elongation factor Tu. MDL 62,879 was very active against gram-positive clinical isolates, particularly staphylococci and enterococci, for which MICs for 90% of isolates were < or = 0.13 micrograms/ml. It was equally active against isolates resistant to beta-lactams, erythromycin, gentamicin, and glycopeptides. It also had activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MDL 62,879 had moderate bactericidal activity against staphylococci.
A Convenient Synthesis of 7-Halo-1-indanones and 8-Halo-1-tetralones (2003)

A regioselective oxidation of N-indan-4-yl-acetamide or N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)acetamide with potassium permanganate followed by acidic hydrolysis gave 7-aminoindan-1-one or 8-aminotetral-1-one in good yield. The amino ketones were converted to the corresponding 7-haloindanone or the 8-halotetralone. Another method to prepare 7-haloindan-1-ones was completed by a cyclization of 3-chloro-1-(2-halophenyl)propan-1-one under Friedel-Crafts conditions to produce the product in gram quantity.
Mobility management for VoIP service: Mobile IP vs. SIP (2002)

Wireless Internet access has gained significant attention as wireless/mobile communications and networking become widespread. The voice over IP service is likely to play a key role in the convergence of IP-based Internet and mobile cellular networks. We explore different mobility management schemes from the perspective of VoIP services, with a focus on Mobile IP and session initiation protocol. After illustrating the signaling message flows in these two protocols for diverse cases of mobility management, we propose a shadow registration concept to reduce the interdomain handoff (macro-mobility) delay in the VoIP service in mobile environments. We also analytically compute and compare the delay and disruption time for exchanging signaling messages associated with the Mobile IP and SIP-based solutions.