gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in polymer protected gold nanoparticles: synthesis, properties and applications (2007)

The use of various functionalized polymers as stabilizers to design metal core-organic shell hybrid nanoparticle architectures has attracted increasing interest for different applications. The feature article reviews recent reports published from 2004 to the beginning of 2007 on the synthesis of polymer protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and also comments their properties and applications.
Synthesis and screening of a small library of proline‐based biodendrimers for use as delivery agents (2005)

A small library of defined peptide dendrimers based on polyproline sequences was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of generating a new type of polymeric agent for therapeutic use. Structural modifications to dendrimer surfaces further enriched the diversity of the library. Data show that the prolinerich dendrimers can be internalized in human epithelial (HeLa) cells, demonstrating the importance of the dendrimeric motif. The promising results described herein suggest that controlled modification of the dendrimer surface should eventually yield proline dendrimers with therapeutic potential.
Biological Imaging of HEK293 Cells Expressing PLCγ1 Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Microscopy (2007)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging has been used for the targeting and imaging of specific cancer markers in live cells. For this purpose, Au/Ag core-shell nanoparticles, conjugated with monoclonal antibodies, were prepared. The procedures to label live cells with those bimetallic nanoprobes have been developed and used for highly sensitive SERS imaging of live cells. In the present study, live HEK293 cells expressing PLCgamma1 have been used as the optical imaging target. Our results demonstrate the potential feasibility of SERS imaging technology for the highly sensitive imaging of cancer biomarkers in live cells.
Simple and efficient synthesis of various dibenzofuran carbaldehydes (2016)

We herein report simple and efficient methods for the synthesis of various formyl derivatives of dibenzofuran. The aldehydes reported are prepared in at most three steps and in yields greater than 60% from commercially available dibenzofuran, with one exception where isomers must be separated. The protocols described involve either formylation of previously functionalized dibenzofuran derivatives or the initial introduction of the formyl group and subsequent further functionalization under standard reaction conditions as described. We have also reported an efficient and simple method for the synthesis of key methoxydibenzofurans in high yield (65% overall for two steps).
Potential therapeutic effects of Resveratrol against SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 or Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), are human pathogens. Current pandemics of SARS-CoV-2 represents a major health problem worldwide, with over four million cases and more than 300,000 deaths in the world. Development of effective therapy thus became an emergency. This report aims to highlight Resveratrol as possible therapeutic candidate in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antiviral efficacy of Resveratrol was demonstrated for several viruses, including coronavirus. Resveratrol was shown to mitigate the major pathways involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, including regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), stimulation of immune system and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines release. It was also reported to promote SIRT1 and p53 signaling pathways and increase cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) immune cells. In addition, Resveratrol was demonstrated to be a stimulator of fetal hemoglobin and a potent antioxidant, by trapping reactive oxygen species (ROS). According to these reports, Resveratrol could be proposed as potential therapeutics in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Resveratrol; antiviral activity; immune response; ACE2; oxidative stress; HbF.
3D finger posture detection and gesture recognition on touch surfaces (2012)

As the use of touch surfaces for user interfaces becomes more common, advances in the interpretations of touch input have lagged behind and are still limited to only the most basic of motions. Richer gesture-based human-computer interactions could serve to advance a wider acceptance of touch-based technology in a variety of fields. Using a 3D finger posture rather than just the 2D contact point in gesture definition opens the door to very rich, expressive, and intuitive gesture metaphors. In this paper, we present algorithms and methods for estimating the parameters of 3D finger postures on a touch surface, as well as a gesture recognition framework which uses an Artificial Neural Network to recognize 3D gestures on touchpads and touchscreens.
A Bayesian hierarchical method for multiple-event seismic location (2007)

We formulate the multiple-event seismic location problem as a Bayesian hierarchical statistical model (BAYHLoc). This statistical model has three distinct components: traveltime predictions, arrival-time measurements, and an a priori statistical model for each aspect of the multiple-event problem. The traveltime model is multifaceted, including both phase-specific adjustments to traveltime curves to improve broad-area prediction, as well as path/phase-specific traveltime adjustments. The arrival-time measurement model is decomposed into station, phase, and event components, allowing flexibility and physically interpretable error parameters. The prior model allows all available information to be brought to bear on the multiple event system. Prior knowledge on the probabilistic accuracy of event locations, traveltime predictions, and arrival-time measurements can be specified. Bayesian methodology merges all three components of the hierarchical model into a joint probability formulation. The joint posterior distribution is, in essence, an inference of all parameters given the prior constraints, self-consistency of the data set, and physics of traveltime calculation. We use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to draw realizations from the joint posterior distribution. The resulting samples can be used to estimate marginal distributions, for example epicentres and probability regions, as well as parameter correlations. We demonstrate BAYHLoc using the set of Nevada Test Site nuclear explosions, for which hypocentres are known, and phase measurements and traveltimes are well characterized. We find significant improvement in epicentre accuracy using BAYHLoc. Much of the improvement is attributed to the adaptive arrival-time measurement model, which controls data weighting. Regardless of the initial traveltime model, the use of an adjustment to the traveltime curves produces a level of epicentre accuracy that is generally achieved only through meticulous analysis and data culling. Further, we find that accurate hypocentres (including depth and origin-time) are achieved when either accurate traveltime curves with tight priors are used, or when prior information on a small subset of events is utilized.
Working Time and Work Organisation: Recent Trends in Working Time (1999)

The paper analyses the interrelation between working time and work organisation in Europe. This interrelation can be considered from the point of view of either employers or employees. For employers, it is becoming increasingly important today to adjust working time quickly to the order situation and to make intensive use of expensive plant and equipment. However, employees' working‐time preferences have also changed. A key factor in this respect is the increasing level of labour market participation among women, as well as growing interest in leave for further training or a phased entry into or exit from working life. The working‐time requirements of firms and those of employees do not necessarily coincide. To create sustainable working‐time structures, it is necessary to develop working‐time systems capable of reconciling the needs of firms and those of employees. A process of experimentation is currently under way in many firms in Europe. Some firms that rely on specialist knowledge and competencies are trying to increase working‐time flexibility in their core workforce while simultaneously considering their employees' interests. In other firms, however, particularly in labour‐intensive service industries dominated by price competition, Taylorism is still reinforced. Little account is taken of employees' interests. The process of “neo‐Taylorisation” is driven not by production but by the labour market. It is possible only because of the existence of wage differentiation and the availability in the labour market of a large pool of workers who can be deployed flexibly. This pool varies in size from country to country. It is all the larger the wider the wage dispersion, the lower the level of labour market regulation, the lower the share of skilled workers, the higher the unemployment rate, the higher the level of migration of unskilled workers into Europe and the lower the level of female integration into the labour market.
Tobacco plants transformed with the <i>Agrobacterium</i> T‐DNA gene <i>1</i> contain high amounts of indole‐3‐acetamide (1985)

The T‐DNA genes 1 and 2 of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are involved in the biosynthesis of IAA in transformed plant cells. Previously, it has been shown that gene 2 codes for an amidohydrolase able to convert IAM into IAA. We have isolated Nicotiana tabacum regenerates transformed with either gene 1 or genes 6a and 6b of the T‐DNA. The tobacco plants transformed with gene 1 contain 500–1000‐times more IAM as compared to plants transformed with genes 6a and 6b , and as compared to untransformed control plants. No drastic differences in endogenous IAA concentrations were observed between the three plant types analyzed.
Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry in Low-, Medium-, and High-Risk Ocular Hypertensive Eyes (1995)

The SWAP results that were found in the ocular hypertensive eyes were associated with other risk factors that have been reported to be predictive of the development of glaucomatous visual field loss, especially the vertical cup-to-disc ratio and age. These findings support the notion that the SWAP deficits represent early glaucomatous damage and may be related to early changes that occur at the optic nerve head.
Full On-Chip CMOS Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator (2007)

This paper proposes a solution to the present bulky external capacitor low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulators with an external capacitorless LDO architecture. The large external capacitor used in typical LDOs is removed allowing for greater power system integration for system-on-chip (SoC) applications. A compensation scheme is presented that provides both a fast transient response and full range alternating current (AC) stability from 0- to 50-mA load current even if the output load is as high as 100 pF. The 2.8-V capacitorless LDO voltage regulator with a power supply of 3 V was fabricated in a commercial 0.35-mum CMOS technology, consuming only 65 muA of ground current with a dropout voltage of 200 mV. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed capacitorless LDO architecture overcomes the typical load transient and ac stability issues encountered in previous architectures.
Optimal GEO lasercomm terminal field of view for LEO link support (2006)

As alternatives to the traditional gimbaled terminal design, future satellite based laser communications terminals are envisioned that utilize a wide field of view or field of regard (WFOV/WFOR). This approach can be advantageous in situations requiring rapid switching between user terminals, support for multiple terminals simultaneously (via TDMA, SDMA or WDMA) or other non-standard mission requirements. However, a traditional gimbaled terminal has the capability to continuously track a single user over very large angles, such as the 18-20° spanned by a LEO satellite as seen from GEO. WFOV/WFOR designs face increasing cost and/or complexity issues with each incremental increase in angular coverage. The methodology and inputs for a trade study are presented here that attempts to maximize the available connectivity to a LEO satellite while minimizing cost and complexity metrics by choosing an optimal FOV/FOR size for a GEO terminal.
IMmotion151: A Randomized Phase III Study of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab vs Sunitinib in Untreated Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) (2018)

578 Background: Atezolizumab (atezo; anti–PD-L1) + bevacizumab (bev; anti-VEGF) showed first-line (1L) anti-tumor activity with a manageable safety profile in PD-L1+ mRCC pts in a Phase II study (McDermott ASCO-GU 2017). Here we describe the first randomized Phase III trial of a PD-L1/PD-1 pathway inhibitor combined with an anti-VEGF agent in 1L mRCC. Methods: IMmotion151 (NCT02420821) enrolled treatment-naïve pts regardless of prognostic risk group randomized 1:1 to receive atezo 1200 mg IV q3w + bev 15 mg/kg IV q3w or sunitinib (sun) 50 mg PO QD 4 wk on/2 wk off. Pts were stratified by PD-L1 status (< 1% vs ≥ 1% PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells [IC]; SP142 IHC assay). Coprimary endpoints: progression-free survival (PFS; by investigator per RECIST v1.1) in PD-L1+ pts (≥ 1% IC) and overall survival (OS) in intent-to-treat (ITT) pts. Secondary endpoints included PFS in ITT pts, ORR and DOR. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between arms within PD-L1+ (40% of ITT) and ITT pts. Median survival follow-up was 15 mo. PFS HR for atezo + bev vs sun was 0.74 (95% CI 0.57, 0.96) in PD-L1+ pts and 0.83 (95% CI 0.70, 0.97) in ITT pts. OS was immature at first interim analysis. PFS benefit was consistent across analyzed subgroups, including MSKCC risk, liver metastases and sarcomatoid histology. In PD-L1+ pts, ORR was 43% and DOR was not reached for atezo + bev vs 35% and 12.9 mo for sun. 40% of atezo + bev–treated pts and 54% of sun-treated pts had treatment-related Gr 3-4 AEs; 12% and 8% of treatment-related all-Gr AEs led to discontinuation, respectively. Conclusions: The study showed longer PFS for atezo + bev vs sun in PD-L1+ pts. Improved PFS was also observed in ITT pts. Safety was consistent with that of the individual agents. These results support the use of atezo + bev as a 1L treatment option in mRCC. Clinical trial information: NCT02420821. [Table: see text]
Amino Acid Metabolism In Human Cancer Cachexia (1990)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Water Mobility Within Bovine Cervical Mucus (1978)

The self diffusion coefficient of water within sperm-free bovine cervical mucus was measured by pulsed-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. As compared with free water, no appreciable reduction in diffusiveness was encountered at any phase of the estrous cycle. This result was interpreted in the light of simple hydrodynamic arguments, which suggest that the small solids content of the mucus is incapable of significant water restriction. The stirring effect of motile spermatozoa was also consided. This effect extends approximately 1 body length around a spermatozoon. In simple fluid media, hydrodynamic interaction between spermatozoa therefore ceases on the average at sperm concentrations below approximately 106/ml, a result that may be associated with the dilution effect. In cervical mucus, however, there is significant hydrodynamic interaction between a single spermatozoon and the surrounding mucous microfilaments, which would help to explain the absence of a dilution effect in this medium.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some New Thiazolidinedione Derivatives for Their Antidiabetic Activities (2009)

A new series of thiazolidinedione derivatives were synthesized by reacting under microwave irradiation. The structures of these compounds were established by means of IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. All the compounds (B1-B9) were screened for antidiabetic activity on albino rats. Most of these compounds have shown significant antidiabetic activity when compared with the standard drug glibenclamide.
Identification and Initial Functional Characterization of a Human Vascular Cell–Enriched Long Noncoding RNA (2014)

SENCR is a new vascular cell-enriched, cytoplasmic lncRNA that seems to stabilize the smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype.
Mathematica reference guide (1992)

About This Book. 1. Basic Objects. 2. Input Syntax. 3. Some General Notations and Conventions. 4. Evaluation. 5. Patterns and Transformation Rules. 6. Input and Output. 7. Mathematica Sessions and Global Objects. 8. Listing of Built-in Mathematica Objects. 9. Index.
Pluripotent cells (stem cells) and their determination and differentiation in early vertebrate embryogenesis<sup>†</sup> (2001)

Mammalian embryonic stem cells can be obtained from the inner cell mass of blastocysts or from primordial germ cells. These stem cells are pluripotent and can develop into all three germ cell layers of the embryo. Somatic mammalian stem cells, derived from adult or fetal tissues, are more restricted in their developmental potency. Amphibian ectodermal and endodermal cells lose their pluripotency at the early gastrula stage. The dorsal mesoderm of the marginal zone is determined before the mid-blastula transition by factors located after cortical rotation in the marginal zone, without induction by the endoderm. Secreted maternal factors (BMP, FGF and activins), maternal receptors and maternal nuclear factors (beta-catenin, Smad and Fast proteins), which form multiprotein transcriptional complexes, act together to initiate pattern formation. Following mid-blastula transition in Xenopus laevis (Daudin) embryos, secreted nodal-related (Xnr) factors become important for endoderm and mesoderm differentiation to maintain and enhance mesoderm induction. Endoderm can be induced by high concentrations of activin (vegetalizing factor) or nodal-related factors, especially Xnr5 and Xnr6, which depend on Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and on VegT, a vegetal maternal transcription factor. Together, these and other factors regulate the equilibrium between endoderm and mesoderm development. Many genes are activated and/or repressed by more than one signaling pathway and by regulatory loops to refine the tuning of gene expression. The nodal related factors, BMP, activins and Vg1 belong to the TGF-beta superfamily. The homeogenetic neural induction by the neural plate probably reinforces neural induction and differentiation. Medical and ethical problems of future stem cell therapy are briefly discussed.
Intrinsic properties and external factors determine the differentiation bias of human embryonic stem cell lines (2010)

A major goal of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research is to regulate differentiation through external means to generate specific cell types with high purity for regenerative medicine applications. Although all hESC lines express pluripotency-associated genes, their differentiation ability to various lineages differs considerably. We have compared spontaneous differentiation propensity of the two hESC lines, RelicellhES1 and BG01. Spontaneous differentiation of hESC lines grown in different media conditions was followed by differentiation using two methods. Kinetic data generated by real-time gene expression studies for differentiated cell types were analyzed, and confirmed at protein levels. Both cell lines showed upregulation of genes associated with the 3 germ layers, although stark contrast was evident in the magnitude of upregulation of lineage specific genes. A distinct difference was also found in the rate at which the pluripoteny factors, Oct-4 and Nanog, were downregulated during differentiation. Once differentiation was initiated, both Oct-4 and Nanog gene expression was drastically reduced in RelicellhES1, whereas a gradual decrease was observed in BG01. A clear trend is seen in RelicellhES1 to differentiate into neuroectodermal and mesenchymal lineages, whereas BG01 cells are more prone to mesoderm and endoderm development. In addition, suspension versus plated methods of cell culture significantly influenced the outcome of differentiation of certain types of cells. Results obtained by spontaneous differentiation of hESCs were also amplified by induced differentiation. Thus, differential rates of downregulation of pluripotency markers along with culture conditions seem to play an important role in determining the developmental bias of human ES cell lines.
Genetic and antigenic characterization of an atypical pestivirus isolate, a putative member of a novel pestivirus species (2004)

The genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae currently consists of four different main species: Classical swine fever virus, Bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 and Border disease virus. A fifth tentative species is represented by an isolate from a giraffe. In this study, a completely new pestivirus, isolated from a batch of fetal calf serum that was collected in Brazil, is described. It is proposed that the isolate D32/00_'HoBi' may constitute a novel sixth pestivirus species, because it is genetically, as well as antigenically, markedly different from all other pestiviruses. Based on the entire N(pro)- and E2-encoding sequences, identities of <70 % to all other pestivirus species were determined. Similarly, cross-neutralization and binding studies using antisera and mAbs revealed marked antigenic differences between D32/00_'HoBi' and all other pestiviruses.
The concept of double blending: Combining incoherent shooting with incoherent sensing (2009)

Abstract Seismic surveys are designed so that the time interval between shots is sufficiently large to avoid temporal overlap between records. To economize on survey time, the current compromise is to keep the number of shots to an acceptable minimum. The result is a poorly sampled source domain. We propose to abandon the condition of nonoverlapping shot records to allow densely sampled, wide-azimuth source distributions (source blending). The rationale is that interpolation is much harder than separation. Source blending has significant implications for quality (source density) and economics (survey time). In addition to source blending, detector blending is introduced by which every channel records a superposition of detected signals, each with its own particular code. With detector blending, many more detectors can be used for the same number of recording channels. This is particularly beneficial when the number of detectors is very large (mass sensoring) or the number of channels is limited (wireless recording). The concept of double blending is defined as the case in which both source blending and detector blending are applied. Double blending allows a significant trace-compression factor during acquisition.