gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The Emission Spectroscopy of Nitrogen Discharge under Low Voltage at Room Temperature]. (2015)

A set of direct current (DC) discharge device of N2 plasma was developed, carbon nanotubes (CNT) modified ITO electrode was used as anode, aluminum plate as cathode, with -80 μm separation between them. Nitrogen emission spectra was observed at room temperature and low DC voltage (less than 150 V), and the emission spectrometry was used to diagnose the active species of the process of nitrogen discharge. Under DC discharge, the strongest energy band N2 (C3π(u)), the weak Gaydon's Green system N2 (H3 -Φ(u)-G3 Δ(g)) and the emission line of nitrogen atoms (4 p-4 p0) at 820 nm were observed. Found that metastable state of nitrogen molecules were the main factors leading to a series of excited state nitrogen atoms and nitrogen ionization. Compared the emission spectra under DC with that under alternating current (AC) (1.1 kV), and it can be seen that under DC the spectra band of nitrogen atoms can be obviously observed, and there was a molecular band in the range of 500 - 800 nm. The effect of oxygen and hydrogen on the emission spectra of nitrogen was investigated. The results showed that the oxygen inhibited the luminescence intensity of nitrogen, but the shape of spectra unchanged. All of the second positive system, Gaydon's Green system and atomic lines of nitrogen can be observed. The second positive system and Gaydon's Green system of nitrogen will be greatly affected when the volume ratio of nitrogen and hydrogen greatly affected is 1 : 1, which was due to the hydrogen. The hydrogen can depresse nitrogen plasma activation, and make the Gaydon's Green System disappeared. CNT modified ITO electrode can reduce the breakdown voltage, and the optical signal generated by the weakly ionized gas can be observed by the photo-multiplier tube at low voltage of 10 V.
High resolution automotive radar data clustering with novel cluster method (2018)

Clustering of measurement data is an important task in digital signal processing. Especially in the case of radar signal processing the need of clustering detection points becomes obvious when high-resolution radar sensor systems are used. Clustering is usually used as a preprocessing step for classification of the measured data. In this paper a new approach for automotive radar data clustering is presented. A shape finding technique from image signal processing, called border following, is used to perform this task. Some adjustments and modifications of the method are required to get it working with radar measurements. The adapted algorithm is proven in three different measurement spaces and rated for the best performance by focusing on clustering of cyclists. It is showed, that the technique produces clustered radar data appropriate to their physical appearance.
An architecture for context-sensitive formatting (2005)

We have taken a fixed set of formatting requirements for a Cobol system as spelled out in a standardization document, and applied generic formatting technology to implement them. It appeared that corporate conventions can dictate alignment that crosscuts the logical structure of a program, and can even dictate indentation that is dynamically computed from context information. We have developed and implemented a formatting architecture that allows arbitrary computational power for mapping language constructs to the Box language. The enabling feature is a hybrid format that merges Box expressions with parse trees. Much of the boilerplate part of formatting can still be automated by a default mapping to Box. Absolute tab stops, an important feature which is not found in many Box back-ends, is used extensively in our case study.
Joint effect of scandium and zirconium on the recrystallization of aluminum Al–Mg2Si alloys (2015)

Metallographic analysis and hardness measurements are used to study the recrystallization processes in aluminum Al–Mg2Si alloys with scandium and combined scandium and zirconium additions that occur during annealing of the cold-deformed alloys at 100–600°C. The temperature of the onset of recrystallization of the Al–Mg2Si alloys with scandium and combined zirconium and scandium additions is shown to be 50°C higher than that of the alloys free from scandium and zirconium. It was noted that the small grain sizes of the alloyed compositions lead to weaker disordering during recovery and recrystallization.
Clobetasol propionate - Where, when, why? (2008)

Clobetasol propionate is the most potent of all topical steroids. It is successfully applied in the treatment of various skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and vulvar lichen sclerosus. The therapy is, however, mainly symptomatic. A preventive effect is only reported in the treatment of the latter. Clobetasol propionate exerts antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive and antimitotic effects influencing the growth, differentiation and function of various cells and inhibiting cytokine production. Seven different dosage forms are available to deliver the drug to the living cells of the skin. Their choice might additionally affect patient compliance. The potency of clobetasol propionate, however, is accompanied by local and systemic side effects, such as skin atrophy and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression. Patients applying clobetasol propionate must be well instructed in how to use it. Physicians prescribing clobetasol propionate should consider a diversity of factors and be able to answer the questions where, when and why.
Interexaminer Reliability and Discriminant Validity of Inclinometric Measurement of Lumbar Rotation in Chronic Low-Back Pain Patients and Subjects Without Low-Back Pain (1992)

The interexaminer reliability of an inclinometer procedure to measure lumbar rotation was evaluated by two chiropractic clinicians who examined 25 chronic (greater than 6 months) low-back pain patients and 25 subjects without low-back pain. These groups were compared for differences in mean left, right, and total rotation. Patients who had lumbar spinal surgery were excluded. Twenty-eight men and 22 women, ranging in age from 28-38 years, were evaluated. Reliability between examiners was evaluated by Pearson's correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient. All coefficients were significant (P less than 0.01). Errors in prediction and examiner disagreement were evaluated by the standard error of estimate and the interexaminer measurement error. The standard errors of estimate (range: 1.4-4.4) and the interexaminer measurement errors (range: 3.8-10.4) were large compared to the scale of measurement. An analysis of variance of differences between the chronic low-back pain patients and asymptomatics revealed significantly more left rotation in the asymptomatic subjects (F = 8.4; df = 1; P less than 0.006). Also, there was significantly more total rotation in the asymptomatic subjects (F = 4.143; df = 1; P less than 0.048). However, because of the large error attributed to this procedure, it is not possible to say whether the difference between the two groups is a result of the large error or some "real" difference. Therefore, the procedure described in this study should not be used as a clinical outcome measure.
Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) diminishes liver macrophage infiltration and steatohepatitis in chronic hepatic injury (2011)

These results demonstrate the successful pharmacological inhibition of hepatic monocyte/macrophage infiltration by blocking MCP-1 during chronic liver damage in two in vivo models. The associated ameliorated steatosis development suggests that inhibition of MCP-1 is an interesting novel approach for pharmacological treatment in liver inflammation and steatohepatitis.
Strongly Coupled Interfaces between a Heterogeneous Carbon Host and a Sulfur‐Containing Guest for Highly Stable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: Mechanistic Insight into Capacity Degradation (2014)

The use of conductive frameworks as the host scaffold to obtain nanostructured sulfur cathodes is an efficient way to increase the sulfur utilization for redox reaction in Li‐S batteries with large discharge capacity and high energy density. However, due to dynamical interfaces driven by phase evolution between the conductive hosts and S‐containing guests during cycling, the cathode still faces poor stability. Herein, the use of O‐/N‐containing nanocarbon as the conductive host sheds a light on the role of the dynamic interface between the carbon host and S‐containing guest for a stable Li‐S cell. The outstanding reversibility and stability of N‐doped C/S cathodes are attributed to the favorable guest‐host interaction at the electron‐modified interface, manifesting as (i) a chemical gradient to adsorb polar polysulfides and (ii) ameliorative deposition and recharging of Li 2 S on the region of electron‐rich pyridinic N and a graphene domain surrounding quaternary N. Highly reversible, efficient and stable Li storage properties such as mitigated polarization and charge barrier, high capacity of 1370 and 964 mAh g −1 at 0.1 and 1.0 C, respectively, and 70% of capacity retention after 200 cycles are achieved. Mechanistic insight into the capacity fading inspires the rational design on electrodes for high‐performance electrochemical systems.
Molecular phenotyping of human ovarian cancer stem cells unravels the mechanisms for repair and chemoresistance (2009)

A major burden in the treatment of ovarian cancer is the high percentage of recurrence and chemoresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) provide a reservoir of cells that can self-renew, can maintain the tumor by generating differentiated cells [non-stem cells (non-CSCs)] which make up the bulk of the tumor and may be the primary source of recurrence. We describe the characterization of human ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs). These cells have a distinctive genetic profile that confers them with the capacity to recapitulate the original tumor, proliferate with chemotherapy, and promote recurrence. CSC identified in EOC cells isolated form ascites and solid tumors are characterized by: CD44+, MyD88+, constitutive NFkappaB activity and cytokine and chemokine production, high capacity for repair, chemoresistance to conventional chemotherapies, resistance to TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis, capacity to form spheroids in suspension, and the ability to recapitulate in vivo the original tumor. Chemotherapy eliminates the bulk of the tumor but it leaves a core of cancer cells with high capacity for repair and renewal. The molecular properties identified in these cells may explain some of the unique characteristics of CSCs that control self-renewal and drive metastasis. The identification and cloning of human OCSCs can aid in the development of better therapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer patients.
ON THE ORIGINS OF SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY IN THE REAL WORLD (1997)

Current-generation speech recognition systems seek to identify words via analysis of their underlying phonological constituents. Although this stratagem works well for carefully enunciated speech emanating from a pristine acoustic environment, it has fared less well for recognizing speech spoken under more realistic conditions, such as (1) moderate to high levels of background noise (2) moderately reverberant acoustic environments (3) spontaneous, informal conversation Under such &quot;real-world&quot; conditions the acoustic properties of speech make it difficult to partition the acoustic stream into readily definable phonological units, thus rendering the process of word recognition highly vulnerable to departures from &quot;canonical&quot; patterns. Analysis of informal, spontaneous speech indicates that the stability of linguistic representation is more likely to reside on the syllabic and phrasal levels than on the phonological. In consequence, attempts to represent words merely as sequences of ...
Aerosol Mass Measurement and Solution Standard Additions for Quantitation in Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAerosol Mass Measurement and Solution Standard Additions for Quantitation in Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission SpectrometryDavid P. Baldwin, Daniel S. Zamzow, and Arthur P. D'SilvaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 11, 1911–1917Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00083a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00083a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Long-Term Stability of the U.S. Naval Observatory's Masers (2005)

Abstract : The U. S. Naval Observatory (USNO) currently maintains 20 cavity-tuned hydrogen maser frequency standards at its Washington, DC (USNO-DC) and Alternate Master Clock (USNO-AMC) facilities, of which 13 have been in use for at least 7 years. This paper analyzes and characterizes the long-term frequency of these masers, as observed.
Aggregation of Pseudoisocyanine Iodide in Cellulose Acetate Films:  Structural Characterization by FTIR (2000)

Cellulose acetate films dyed with pseudoisocyanine iodide (1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodide) have been produced by spin coating and their structures characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The aggregation of the cyanine during the spinning process was induced by addition of KI to the precursor solution, and the formation of J-aggregates was observed by UV−vis spectroscopy. The detailed analysis of the O−H stretching mode of cellulose acetate allowed us to understand the types of hydrogen bonds existing in the pure matrix films, in films containing just cyanine monomers and J-aggregates as well. It has been shown that cyanine monomers, even in a large concentration, have a small influence on the cellulose acetate structure, by favoring the replacement of some intermolecular by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. On the contrary, the presence of cyanine J-aggregates remarkably modifies the arrangement of the polymer chains, inducing an extensive formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the C2, C3, and/or C6 positions of the glucopyranose rings. These intermolecular bonds do not involve the carbonyl groups, as the CO stretching mode is not affected. This effect has been interpreted in terms of a higher degree of packing of the cellulose acetate amorphous phase, due to the presence of J-aggregates. The infrared spectra of the cyanine, in the wavenumber windows where the matrix does not absorb, have shown that the pseudoisocyanine molecule keeps the all-trans conformation upon aggregation. The modifications in the quinolines out of plane C−H deformations have indicated that the J-aggregates are formed by overlap of the phenyl rings of neighbor cyanines, leaving the heterocyclic moieties unperturbed.
Noncontact 3D biological shape measurement from multiple views (1994)

Many clinically important applications require measurements on a large portion of the human body surface that may not be visible from a single view. For example, a single view may be insufficient for the measurement of a complete facial surface for facial plastic surgery. And observing breast surfaces from multiple views is needed in accurate breast volume measurement. On the other hand most 3D vision systems only recover 3D data from a single viewpoint and the recovered 3D data are often incomplete due to the occlusion problem and thus cannot uniquely define the surface. A unique and more complete description of the surface is necessary for most applications such as measuring area or volume and finding the best 3D registration between corresponding surfaces. This thesis describes a structured light based system for fast and noncontact 3D measurement of the human body from multiple views. A particular application of our system is the study of human lactation through measuring the breast surface and volume. Fast, accurate, non-contact, and biologically safe measurement is the key requirement in our application. We use structured light to fulfill the requirement. Based on the SHAPE system [4,3], a single view structured light system developed at Monash University, our system for breast volume measurement generates more complete 3D information on object surfaces by observing the object from more than one viewpoint. The breast volume is computed using the integrated data from all views. We present a simple method that performs 3D measurement from multiple views simultaneously. Combined with a camera and a projector, a mirror is used in the method to create an additional viewpoint to recover the occluded regions that are illuminated by the light source but were previously invisible to the camera. Images from the two views one directly seen by the camera and the other seen via the mirror are taken simultaneously. We develop the method for the purpose of achieving more complete measurements without increasing image capture time, which is very useful in situations where both speed and accuracy are important. The complete 3D description of the surface of objects requires the acquisition of several images from different vantage viewpoints. Each image contains information on the part of the object that is visible from its viewpoint. A very important task consists in the integration of the information present in each view. We have developed a two view system to achieve a more complete breast volume measurement. The system uses a stationary sensor at each view. Our system can largely eliminate the occlusion regions produced by a single view system and all data from different views are integrated into an object centered coordinate system and resampled by a single parametric grid. The system has been used to accurately measure short term changes in breast volume for lactating mothers. Currently, the system is also used to observe the breast volume change of pregnant women over many weeks' time.
Mode-hopping suppression in long Brillouin fiber laser with non-resonant pumping (2016)

We propose a reliable method for stabilizing narrow linewidth Brillouin fiber lasers with non-resonant pumping. Mode-hopping is suppressed by means of a phase-locked loop that locks the pump-Stokes detuning to a local radio-frequency (RF) oscillator. Stable single-mode operation of a 110-m-long Brillouin fiber laser oscillating at 1.55 μm is demonstrated for several hours. The beat note between two independent Stokes waves presents a phase noise level of -60 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz with a -20 dB/decade slope, and a FWHM linewidth lower than 50 Hz.
Camptothecin induces differentiation and stimulates the expression of differentiation-related genes in U-937 human promonocytic leukemia cells. (1992)

We have studied the effect of the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin on growth, differentiation, and gene expression in U-937 human promonocytic leukemia cells. At a concentration of 20 nM, camptothecin caused significant DNA strand breakage and decreased the growth activity by accumulating cells preferentially at the G2 phase of the cycle. The growth arrest occurred concomitantly with an increase in cell size. Under those conditions, camptothecin induced differentiation, as demonstrated by (a) the capacity of the cells to generate reactive oxygen species, (b) the increase in the surface expression of the leukocyte integrins CD11b/CD18 and CD11c/CD18, (c) the increase in the cellular content of the intermediate filament protein vimentin, and (d) the decrease in the surface expression of the transferrin receptor. Camptothecin also induced the expression of differentiation markers in other human myeloid cells, namely, the promonocytic THP-1 and the myelomonocytic HL-60 cell lines. Northern blot assays revealed that camptothecin stimulated the expression of CD11b, CD11c, and vimentin at the mRNA level. Moreover, the drug increased the transcription rate of the vimentin gene, as shown by "run-on" transcription assays.
Viability and ultrastructure of equine embryos following culture in a static or dynamic system. (1991)

The viability and ultrastructure of equine embryos were assessed following culture in a static or perifusion system. The percentage change in diameter was greater (P less than 0.025) for embryos in the static treatment (71%) than in the perifusion treatment (33%). Fluorescein diacetate (FD) scores, the percentage of fluorescing cells (FC) and fluorescent intensity (FI), also were greater (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01) following static culture than for embryos cultured in the perifusion system. Four of 9 control embryos resulted in pregnancies but no embryos cultured in either system prior to transfer resulted in pregnancies. Three of 9 embryos in the static treatment group and 1 of 9 embryos in the perifusion group resulted in non-ecogenic vesicles. Ultrastructural evaluation agreed with FD scores and morphological assessment. The continued development of static cultured embryos without the presence of an inner cell mass (ICM) was supported by ultrasound data.
Multidimensional Analysis of the Learning Curve for Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery (2010)

Multidimensional analysis considering various surgical outcomes is necessary to evaluate the learning curve for laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. The effective surgical learning curve was approximately 60-80 procedures in this series.
Network routing capacity (2005)

We define the routing capacity of a network to be the supremum of all possible fractional message throughputs achievable by routing. We prove that the routing capacity of every network is achievable and rational, we present an algorithm for its computation, and we prove that every non-negative rational number is the routing capacity of some network. We also determine the routing capacity for various example networks. Finally, we discuss the extension of routing capacity to fractional coding solutions and show that the coding capacity of a network is independent of the alphabet used