gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revealing scenarios of interzeolite conversion from FAU to AEI through the variation of starting materials (2021)

Interzeolite conversion, which refers to the synthesis of zeolites using a pre-made zeolite as the starting material, has enabled promising outcomes that could not be easily achieved by the conventional synthesis from a mixture of amorphous aluminum and silicon sources. Understanding the mechanism of interzeolite conversion is of particular interest to exploit this synthesis route for the preparation of tailor-made zeolites as well as the discovery of new structures. It has been assumed that the structural similarity between the starting zeolite and the target one is crucial to a successful interzeolite conversion. Nevertheless, an image as to how one type of zeolite evolves into another one remains unclear. In this work, a series of dealuminated FAU zeolites were created through acid leaching and employed as the starting zeolites in the synthesis of AEI zeolite under various conditions. This experimental design allowed us to create a comprehensive diagram of the interzeolite conversion from FAU to AEI as well as to figure out the key factors that enable this kinetically favourable crystallization pathway. Our results revealed different scenarios of the interzeolite conversion from FAU to AEI and pinpointed the importance of the structure of the starting FAU in determining the synthesis outcomes. A prior dealumination was proven effective to modify the structure of the initial FAU zeolite and consequently facilitate its conversion to the AEI zeolite. In addition, this strategy allowed us to directly transfer the knowledge obtained from the interzeolite conversion to a successful synthesis of the AEI zeolite from dealuminated amorphous aluminosilicate precursors. These results offer new insights to the design and fabrication of zeolites <i>via</i> the interzeolite conversion as well as to the understandings of the crystallization mechanisms.
Active Control of W ake-Airfoil Interaction Noise by Leading-Edge Actuators (1995)

A theoretical analysis is presented for control of wake-airfoil interaction noise by the use of actuators on the airfoil surfaces near the leading edge. The objective is to eliminate the sound radiation by cancelling the wake-airfoil noise near its source (the leading edge) Actuators are mounted on the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil and driven out of phase, to match the anti-symmetric nature of the wake-airfoil noise field. For a specified actuator size and location (relative to the leading edge), the analysis determines the actuator amplitude and phase which minimizes the total sound radiation. The cancellation is most effective when the directivity pattern for the control field closely matches that for the wake-airfoil noise field. At low Machnumbers, this is achieved by mounting the actuators sufficiently close to the leading edge. At high subsonic Mach numbers, the sound cancellation that can be achieved with a single actuator on each surface is limited by mismatch in the directivity patterns. However, an excellent match in directivity patterns can be recovered with the use of two actuators on each surface, leading to effective control of the wake-airfoil interaction noise.
Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated Fuel Development for LWR Applications (2012)

The concept, fabrication, and key feasibility issues of a new fuel form based on the microencapsulated (TRISO-type) fuel which has been specifically engineered for LWR application and compacted within a SiC matrix will be presented. This fuel, the so-called fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel is currently undergoing development as an accident tolerant fuel for potential UO2 replacement in commercial LWRs. While the ability of this fuel to facilitate normal LWR cycle performance is an ongoing effort within the program, this will not be a focus of this paper. Rather, key feasibility and performance aspects of the fuel will be presented including the ability to fabricate a LWR-specific TRISO, the need for and route to a high thermal conductivity and fully dense matrix that contains neutron poisons, and the performance of that matrix under irradiation and the interaction of the fuel with commercial zircaloy clad.
Self-compensating fiber optic flow sensor system and its field applications (2004)

A self-compensating fiber optic flow sensor system based on the principle of broadband white-light interferometers and cantilever beam bending is described. The fiber optic sensor system uses two fiber ferrule sensors that are bonded on either side of a cantilever beam to measure the flow rate by monitoring the air-gap changes caused by the bending of the cantilever beam. Cross sensitivity of the temperature and pressure dependence of the sensor can be compensated for automatically. The prototype sensor system was constructed, laboratory characterized, and field tested. The results from the field testing have demonstrated high resolution, repeatability, and stability for on-line detection of the flow rates of fluids.
The use of GPS based velocity measurements for improved vehicle state estimation (2000)

Details a method for measuring three key vehicle states-wheel slip, body sideslip angle, and tire sideslip angle-using GPS velocity information in conjunction with other sensors. Based on initial noise data obtained from the system components, a prediction of the accuracy of these new measurements is obtained. Subsequent experiments validate both the methodology for obtaining the measurements as well as the error analysis. The experimental results for the GPS velocity-based sideslip angle measurement compare favorably to theoretical predictions, suggesting that this technique has merit for future implementation in vehicle safety systems.
An ultra compact common-mode filter for RF Interference control in 3G wireless communication systems (2010)

A miniaturized common-mode suppression filter for GHz differential signals is realized using LTCC fabrication technology. The filter is realized in SMD-typed package with the physical size of 1.6 mm × 1.6 mm. Its equivalent circuit model is established to illustrate the properties of the common mode suppression and the differential mode propagation. It is found in measurement that the common-mode noise can be reduced over 10 dB from 1.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz in frequency domain, which covers the band of universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) in 3G wireless communication, and can be reduced about 30% in time domain under 1.4 Gbps PRBS. More importantly, the differential signal integrity, in terms of insertion loss and transmission phase in frequency domain and eye diagrams in time domain, is not degraded up to 5 GHz. To our best knowledge, it is the first SMD-type common-mode filter designed for gigahertz differential signals using LTCC technology.
Typicality-Based Visual Search Reranking (2010)

Most existing approaches to visual search reranking predominantly focus on mining information only from the initial ranking order on the basis of pseudo-relevance feedback. However, the initial ranking order cannot always provide enough cues for reranking by itself due to an unsatisfying visual search performance. This letter presents a novel approach to visual search reranking by selecting <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">typical</i> examples to build the reranking model. Observing that typical examples are mostly clearly visible, fill the majority of the visual documents or appear in one of several common poses, by using these examples informed classifiers would generally be more robust to noisy testing cases that may include occlusions, illumination changes or other factors. We first define the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">typicality</i> on the basis of data distribution, and then theoretically formalize the example selection as an optimization problem on the basis of the example typicality and propose a close-form solution. Based on the selected examples, we build the reranking model by using a support vector machine. Empirically, we conduct extensive experiments on a real-world image set and a benchmark video set, and shows significant and consistent improvements over the state-of-the-art works.
Probe shapes for streamwise momentum and cross-stream turbulence intensity (1991)

When the highly turbulent flowfields at the edges of jets, in augmentors, and in other jet-mixing devices are surveyed with conventional pitot probes, the values indicated by the instruments may contain a significant increment brought about by the dynamics of the eddies. Although the influence of turbulence on the measurements is usually negligible in streams where the turbulence level is 1 percent or less, the effect of turbulence on static and total pressure measurements can be around 20 percent when the turbulence level exceeds 40 percent. This paper describes a theoretical study that develops probe shapes that directly measure the time-averaged total pressure based on the streamwise component of the velocity vector to obtain a direct measurement of the streamwise momentum. The difference between the time-averaged pressure indicated by such a probe and one that measures the total head based on the entire velocity vector yields the cross-stream turbulence intensity.
The effect of dielectric relaxation on charge-redistribution A/D converters (1990)

The authors examine the extent to which dielectric relaxation in typical monolithic capacitors degrades the performance of charge-redistribution analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. They present experimental device data from a monolithic capacitor test circuit, describe an empirical capacitor model fit to the measurements, and compare simulated A/D system errors with those observed in a monolithic, 10-b, 3.3-μs A/D converter. It is believed that these techniques for modeling and predicting A/D converter errors will play an important role in making appropriate technology decisions and in guiding system and circuit design of high-precision monolithic converters of the future
Recent Advances in the Study of Electrochemical Micromachining (1996)

The present paper reviews some fundamental aspects related to the understanding of the high rate anodic dissolution processes and their influence on thin film patterning by electrochemical micromachining. The role of convective mass transport and current distribution on the surface finish and shape evolution is discussed. Several examples of the applications of maskless and through-mask electrochemical micromachining are presented.
Dual-Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Water Energy and as a Self-Powered Ethanol Nanosensor (2014)

When water is passing through the air or an insulating tube, it will contain not only the mechanical energy but also the electrostatic energy due to the existence of triboelectric charges on its surface as a result of contact with the air/solid surface. In this paper, a hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is designed to simultaneously harvest the electrostatic and mechanical energies of flowing water. Water-TENG, mainly constructed by a superhydrophobic TiO2 layer with hierarchical micro/nanostructures, is used to collect the electrostatic energy of water (Output 1). Contact-TENG, composed by a polytetrafluoroethylene film and a layer of assembled SiO2 nanoparticles, is used to collect the mechanical energy of water (Output 1 and Output 2). Using TiO2 nanomaterials in water-TENG provides the advantages of photocatalytic activity and antibacterial property for water purification. Under the impact of a water stream from a household faucet at a flowing rate of 40 mL s(-1), the generated short-circuit current from Output 1 and Output 2 of dual-mode TENG can reach 43 and 18 μA, respectively. The instantaneous output power densities from Output 1 and Output 2 of dual-mode TENG are 1.31 and 0.38 W m(-2), respectively, when connecting to a load resistor of 44 MΩ. The rectified outputs have been applied to drive light-emitting diodes and charge commercial capacitors. Besides, the water-TENG has also been demonstrated as a self-powered nanosensor for ethanol detection.
The smashed filter for compressive classification and target recognition (2007)

The theory of compressive sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction of a sparse or compressible image or signal from a small set of linear, non-adaptive (even random) projections. However, in many applications, including object and target recognition, we are ultimately interested in making a decision about an image rather than computing a reconstruction. We propose here a framework for compressive classification that operates directly on the compressive measurements without first reconstructing the image. We dub the resulting dimensionally reduced matched filter the smashed filter. The first part of the theory maps traditional maximum likelihood hypothesis testing into the compressive domain; we find that the number of measurements required for a given classification performance level does not depend on the sparsity or compressibility of the images but only on the noise level. The second part of the theory applies the generalized maximum likelihood method to deal with unknown transformations such as the translation, scale, or viewing angle of a target object. We exploit the fact the set of transformed images forms a low-dimensional, nonlinear manifold in the high-dimensional image space. We find that the number of measurements required for a given classification performance level grows linearly in the dimensionality of the manifold but only logarithmically in the number of pixels/samples and image classes. Using both simulations and measurements from a new single-pixel compressive camera, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the smashed filter for target classification using very few measurements.
Iodine-containing organic carbonates as investigative radiopaque compounds (1976)

Carbonates containing an iodinated aromatic ring on one side of the carbonate linkage and an alkyl group on the other were prepared. The aromatic side consisted of p-iodophenyl, p-iodobenzyl, m-iodobenzyl, 3,5-diiodobenzyl, m-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzyl, m-acetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzyl, p-iodophenethyl, p-iodo-sec-phenethyl, 3-(p-iodophenyl)propyl, 3-(p-iodophenyl)butyl, 2-(p-iodobenzyl)butyl, and 2-(iodobenzyl)hexyl groups. The alkyl portion of the carbonates was derived from alkyl alcohols containing from two to ten carbon atoms. The approximate lethal dose of intraperitoneal injections ranged from less than 1 ml/kg to more than 15 ml/kg. An investigation into the use of these compounds as radiopaques for myelography, lymphography, bronchography, and salpingography is underway.
Sensitive and Specific Assay for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Based on Anti-Peptide and AntihCG Monoclonal Antibodies: Construction and Clinical Implications* (1986)

We developed a highly sensitive and specific assay for hCG using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed against a 37-amino acid synthetic polypeptide analogous to the carboxyl-terminus (CTP) of beta hCG. Five antibodies that varied by either their affinity for beta hCG or their specificity for epitopes on CTP were investigated. To measure hormone levels, we used as the radiolabeled indicator an alpha-subunit-reactive Mab. The monoclonal-immunoradiometric assay had a lower limit of sensitivity of 0.05 ng/ml. Serum levels of hCG or hCG-like material with CTP structure were measured in 229 healthy blood donors; 1.1% of healthy men and 4.6% of nonpregnant women younger than 50 yr had serum values varying between 0.05 and 0.23 ng/ml. Moreover, 6 to 7 healthy women older than 50 yr had detectable levels in the 0.05-0.20 ng/ml range. To study the disappearance rates in normal women, we followed serum hCG serum levels of 6 women who had previously received a single im injection of the hormone. These individuals failed to develop a pregnancy after in vitro fertilization; hCG declined from 0.5 to 0.05 ng/ml within 2 weeks. These results were in contrast to the findings in 12 patients with hCG-producing tumors. In 9 patients without any evidence of recurrent disease, hCG levels became undetectable within 5 months. However, 3 others had levels consistently above 0.05 but below 0.5 ng/ml. In 2 of these three patients, subsequent increasing hCG levels were associated with tumor recurrence. We conclude that this hCG assay based on both anti-peptide and anti-hCG Mabs may be useful in tumor monitoring.
Mixel camera––a new push-broom camera concept for high spatial resolution keystone-free hyperspectral imaging (2013)

Current high-resolution push-broom hyperspectral cameras introduce keystone errors to the captured data. Efforts to correct these errors in hardware severely limit the optical design, in particular with respect to light throughput and spatial resolution, while at the same time the residual keystone often remains large. The mixel camera solves this problem by combining a hardware component--an array of light mixing chambers--with a mathematical method that restores the hyperspectral data to its keystone-free form, based on the data that was recorded onto the sensor with large keystone. A Virtual Camera software, that was developed specifically for this purpose, was used to compare the performance of the mixel camera to traditional cameras that correct keystone in hardware. The mixel camera can collect at least four times more light than most current high-resolution hyperspectral cameras, and simulations have shown that the mixel camera will be photon-noise limited--even in bright light--with a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to traditional cameras. A prototype has been built and is being tested.
Synthesis and .BETA.-adrenergic blocking activity of 2-(N-substituted amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol derivatives. (1984)

In a search for a new structural type of β-adrenergic antagonist. a series of trans-2-(N-substituted amino)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol derivatives (3-36) was synthesized in several steps from 3, 4-dihydro-1 (2H)-naphthalenone (37) having a variety of substituents at the 5-, 6-, 7-and 8-positions. Compounds 3-36 were tested in vitro for β-adrenergic activity. Among them, 2-benzhydrylamino-6-chloro-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol (28c) was found to show a fairly potent β-adrenergic blocking activity.
Towards Edge-Aware Spatio-Temporal Filtering in Real-Time (2017)

Spatio-temporal edge-aware (STEA) filtering methods have recently received increased attention due to their ability to efficiently solve or approximate important image-domain problems in a temporally consistent manner - which is a crucial property for video-processing applications. However, existing STEA methods are currently unsuited for real-time, embedded stream-processing settings due to their high processing latency, large memory, and bandwidth requirements, and the need for accurate optical flow to enable filtering along motion paths. To this end, we propose an efficient STEA filtering pipeline based on the recently proposed permeability filter (PF), which offers high quality and halo reduction capabilities. Using mathematical properties of the PF, we reformulate its temporal extension as a causal, non-linear infinite impulse response filter, which can be efficiently evaluated due to its incremental nature. We bootstrap our own accurate flow using the PF and its temporal extension by interpolating a quasi-dense nearest neighbour field obtained with an improved PatchMatch algorithm, which employs binarized octal orientation maps (BOOM) descriptors to find correspondences among subsequent frames. Our method is able to create temporally consistent results for a variety of applications such as optical flow estimation, sparse data upsampling, visual saliency computation and disparity estimation. We benchmark our optical flow estimation on the MPI Sintel dataset, where we currently achieve a Pareto optimal quality-efficiency tradeoff with an average endpoint error of 7.68 at 0.59 s single-core execution time on a recent desktop machine.
Measurement of bullet impact conditions using automated in-flight photography system (2017)

Knowledge of impact conditions is critical to evaluating the terminal impact performance of a projectile. For a small caliber bullet, in-flight velocity has been precisely measured for decades using detection screens, but accurately quantifying the orientation of the bullet on a target has been more challenging. This report introduces the Automated Small-Arms Photogrammetry (ASAP) analysis method used to measure, model, and predict the orientation of a small caliber bullet before reaching an impact surface. ASAP uses advanced hardware developed by Sydor Technologies to record a series of infrared digital photographs. Individual images (four orthogonal pairs) are processed using computer vision algorithms to quantify the orientation of the projectile and re-project its precise position and orientation into a three-dimensional muzzle-fixed coordinate system. An epicyclic motion model is fit to the measured data, and the epicyclic motion is extrapolated to the target location. Analysis results are fairly immediate and may be reviewed during testing. Prove-out demonstrations have shown that the impact-angle prediction capability is less than six hundredths of a degree for the 5.56 mm ball round tested. Keywords: Yaw, Terminal ballistics, Exterior ballistics, Test & evaluation, Computer vision, Image processing, Angle of attack
Multiple Description Video Coding Based on Lattice Vector Quantization (2006)

Multiple description coding (MDC) is a promising alternative for robust transmission of information over non-prioritized and unpredictable networks. Especially, MDC has emerged as an attractive approach for video applications where retransmission is unacceptable or infeasible. In this paper, an effective multiple description video coding scheme is introduced. This scheme is mainly constructed using motioncompensated prediction in temporal domain and multiple description lattice vector quantization (MDLVQ) for wavelet coefficients. The experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Wind Power Energy Storage for <i>In Situ</i> Shale Oil Recovery With Minimal CO$_{2}$ Emissions (2007)

The trillion barrel oil shale and oil sand deposits in North America offer the potential to make the less energy dependent on unreliable foreign sources. However, if these unconventional deposits were produced using existing combustion processes, substantial CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> emissions would be injected into air. To avoid this green house gas problem and yet produce liquid fuels, a wind powered electrothermal energy storage system is described. It stores the unpredictable intermittent wind electrical energy as thermal energy over long periods in thick fossil hydrocarbon deposits. Because thermal diffusion time is very slow in such deposits, thermal energy is effectively trapped in a defined section of the hydrocarbon deposit. This allows time for the thermal energy to convert hydrocarbons into gaseous and liquid fuels. The process is highly energy-efficient and makes available considerably more energy than was expended during the heating. In addition, the method can increase the reliability of the grid and provide a load-leveling function. The wind-powered electrothermal conversion method produces substantially less CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> than traditional shale oil extraction processes or renewable energy processes that employ a combustion step to produce the fuel