gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photo-Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA (2019)

Abstract Confronted with the rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies for drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we present an unconventional approach to restore the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics via photo-disassembly of functional membrane microdomains. The photo-disassembly of microdomains is based on effective photolysis of staphyloxanthin, the golden carotenoid pigment that gives its name. Upon pulsed laser treatment, cell membranes are found severely disorganized and malfunctioned to defense antibiotics, as unveiled by membrane permeabilization, membrane fluidification, and detachment of membrane protein, PBP2a. Consequently, our photolysis approach increases susceptibility and inhibits development of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics including penicillins, quinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, lipopeptides, and oxazolidinones. One Sentence Summary Using photons to crash S. aureus cell membrane and its formidable defense against a broad spectrum of antibiotics.
Finite Element Method Simulation of Double-Ended Tuning-Fork Quartz Resonator for Application to Vibratory Gyro-Sensor (2003)

In the present paper, we propose a double-ended tuning-fork quartz resonator for a flatly supported vibratory gyro-sensor in parallel with its rotating plane. The resonator has the advantages of ease of miniaturization and high resistance to external shock, because the height of the proposed resonator is less than that of the conventional vertical-type tuning-fork. In addition, the proposed resonator has two end-support parts. The resonator also has the following features: (1) the vibration energy of the resonator is trapped in the driving part, therefore the resonator is only slightly affected by the support parts and (2) unwanted output signals can be removed by differential connection of the output signals from two symmetric detection electrodes. The resonator was designed using the finite element method (FEM), and its characteristics were also simulated by FEM. The obtained results show that the double-ended tuning-fork quartz resonator is applicable as a vibratory gyro-sensor, and the I/O voltage ratio of the gyro-sensor was found to be proportional to the applied angular velocity. That is, we clarified that the double-ended tuning-fork quartz resonator could be used as a gyro-sensor.
Location grounding in multimodal local search (2010)

Computational models of dialog context have often focused on unimodal spoken dialog or text, using the language itself as the primary locus of contextual information. But as we move from spoken interaction to situated multimodal interaction on mobile platforms supporting a combination of spoken dialog with graphical interaction, touch-screen input, geolocation, and other non-linguistic contextual factors, we will need more sophisticated models of context that capture the influence of these factors on semantic interpretation and dialog flow. Here we focus on how users establish the location they deem salient from the multimodal context by grounding it through interactions with a map-based query system. While many existing systems rely on geolocation to establish the location context of a query, we hypothesize that this approach often ignores the grounding actions users make, and provide an analysis of log data from one such system that reveals errors that arise from that faulty treatment of grounding. We then explore and evaluate, using live field data from a deployed multimodal search system, several different context classification techniques that attempt to learn the location contexts users make salient by grounding them through their multimodal actions.
<title>Damage resistant and low-stress Si-based multilayer mirrors</title> (2001)

Applications of multilayer mirrors for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) require not only a high normal incidence reflectivity but also a long lifetime and minimal residual stress. A serious problem of Mo-Si multilayers is the structural instability in the case of localized absorption of in- and outband radiation from the EUV source followed by the degradation of the multilayer. A number of solutions have been envisaged in the past, including the use of compound materials (MoSi2/Si) as well as the use of C barrier layers. We focused our interest on two Si-based systems: Mo/Si and Mo2C/Si multilayer mirrors. The mirrors were designed for normal incidence reflectivity at about 13 nm wavelength and were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Maximum normal incidence reflectivities of 68.4 % @ 12.8 nm for Mo/Si multilayer mirrors and 66.8 % @ 12.8 nm for Mo2C/Si have been achieved. Investigating the thermal stability of the multilayers in the temperature range from 300 °C to 500 °C we found that the reflectivity of Mo/Si mirrors is drastically decreasing after annealing above 300 °C, whereas the Mo2C/Si multilayers show a superior thermal stability up to 400°C ... 500°C. An other problem of EUV multilayer mirrors is the large residual compressive stress (-400 to -500 MPa), which causes undesirable distortion of the substrate figure. The reduction of residual stress of Mo/Si and Mo2C/Si multilayers with annealing has been investigated. Using a slow thermal annealing (1° C/min), it is possible to reduce the stress from-520 MPa to zero by heating the Mo/Si samples up to 310° C. However, this results in a reflectivity drop of about 3 ... 4 %. On the other hand one can reduce the stress of a Mo2C/Si multilayer from -490 MPa to zero by annealing without a considerable reflectivity drop.
Space Environmentally Stable Polyimides and Copolyimides Derived from Bis(3-Aminophenyl)-3,5-Di(Trifluoromethyl)Phenylphosphine Oxide (2001)

Polyimides with a unique combination of properties including low colour in thin films, atomic oxygen (AO) resistance, ultra-violet (UV) radiation resistance, solubility in organic solvents in the imide form, high glass transition ( T g ) temperatures, and high thermal stability have been prepared and characterized. Polyimides were prepared by reacting a novel aromatic diamine, bis(3-aminophenyl)-3, 5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenylphosphine oxide, with various aromatic dianhydrides in a polar aprotic solvent. Copolymers were prepared by the addition of a second diamine. The solubility of the polymers in the imide form as well as the colour density of thin films was dependent upon the chemical structure of the dianhydride and the additional diamine. Thin films (25–50 μm thick) prepared by solution casting of amide acid or imide solutions exhibited very low colour and high optical transparency as determined by UV/visible spectroscopy. The polymers exhibited T g values greater than 200 °C depending upon the structure of the dianhydride and temperatures of 5% weight loss ∼500 °C in air as determined by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thin films coated with silver/inconel were exposed to a high fluence of AO and 1000 equivalent solar hours of UV radiation. The effects of these exposures on optical properties were minor. These space environmentally durable polymers are potentially useful in a variety of applications on spacecraft such as thin film membranes on antennae, second surface mirrors, thermal/optical coatings and multi-layer thermal insulation (MLI) blanket materials. The chemistry, physical and mechanical properties of the polymers as well as their responses to AO and UV exposure will be discussed.
ARID3B Induces Malignant Transformation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Is Strongly Associated with Malignant Neuroblastoma (2006)

ARID3B, a member of the AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) family of proteins, plays an essential role in the survival of neural crest during embryogenesis. Here, we report evidence that ARID3B is involved in the development of malignant neuroblastoma, a childhood tumor derived from neural crest. (a) ARID3B is expressed by all five cell lines derived from neuroblastoma tested by us. (b) Analysis of published DNA microarray data of fresh neuroblastoma tumors showed that ARID3B is expressed in 80% of stage IV tumors, whereas only in 9% of stage I-III+IVs tumors. (c) In vitro growth of several neuroblastoma cell lines is suppressed significantly by antisense as well as siRNA treatment. (d) An increase of the ARID3B expression level by transfection in the SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line enhances the malignancy in tumor growth assays in nu/nu mice. (e) ARID3B by itself can immortalize mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in vitro and confers malignancy to MEF when transfected together with MYCN, the best characterized oncogene for neuroblastoma. Thus, ARID3B seems to play a key role in the malignant transformation of neuroblastoma and may serve not only as a marker of malignancy but also as a potential target for cancer therapy of stage IV neuroblastoma for which there is currently no effective treatment available.
Improving the efficiency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an inspiratory impedance threshold valve (2000)

In an effort to improve the efficiency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a new inspiratory impedance threshold valve has been developed to enhance the return of blood to the thorax during the chest decompression phase. This new device enhances negative intrathoracic pressure during chest wall recoil or the decompression phase, leading to improved vital organ perfusion during both standard CPR and active compression-decompression CPR. With active compression-decompression CPR, addition of the impedance threshold valve results in sustained diastolic pressures of >55 mm Hg in patients in cardiac arrest. The new valve shows promise for patients in asystole or shock refractory ventricular fibrillation, when enhanced return of blood flow to the chest is needed to "prime the pump." The potential long-term benefits of this new valve remain under study.
CYCLOSPORINE PHARMACOKINETICS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS COMPARING SANG-2000, AN OIL-FREE CYCLOSPORINE IN HARD GEL CAPSULES, WITH NEORAL SOFT GEL CAPSULES (1999)

613 We report pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence (BE) testing results of a novel, oil-free cyclosporine hard gel capsule (Sang-2000). Sang-2000 incorporates a similar formulation technology as FDA approved SangCya™ Oral Solution. 20 healthy volunteers (8 females, 12 males) were given a single 500 mg dose of either Sang-2000 hard gel capsules or Neoral soft-gel capsules as part of a randomized, four-period, crossover study design. All clinical conditions were controlled and identical for the subjects. 14 blood samples were taken between 0 and 24 hours after each study drug dose. The blood samples were analyzed for cyclosporine concentrations using a validated, monoclonal TDx assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from the concentration-time data using noncompartmental methods. A parametric general linear model was used to compare formulation effects controlling for period, subject and sequence. 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the ratio of Sang-2000 and Neoral means for AUC and Cmax were estimated to establish BE. For AUC and Cmax, a log transformation was applied. BE is concluded only if the 90% CI for the mean ratio is within the range 80% to 125%. (Table)TableThese results suggest that Sang-2000, an oil-free cyclosporine hard gel capsule and Neoral capsules have similar pharmacokinetic characteristics and are bioequivalent. Funded by SangStat Medical Corporation, Menlo Park, CA.
Étendue-squeezing light injector (2015)

There is currently a desire to produce thinner LED backlights and frontlights so that the devices which use these components can be as thin and lightweight as possible. This is particularly true for smartphones and tablets both of which make extensive use of such components. The push for thinner devices may lead to situations in which the backlights are thinner than the height of the LED emitting area. This paper deals with the coupling of LEDs and thin light guides, describing some possible ways to efficiently inject light from a relatively large LED into a thinner backlight. These solutions use étendue-squeezing optics, and linear edges which allow high-efficiency light injection.
Charge‐Monitoring Laser‐Induced Acoustic Desorption Mass Spectrometry for Cell and Microparticle Mass Distribution Measurement (2007)

Mass exodus: A mass spectrometer for the rapid measurement of mass distributions of cells and microparticles is described. A discharge process is used to provide cells with thousands of charges so that direct charge measurement can be achieved. This device was used to measure microparticles with masses as high as 1015 Da and to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells.
Single-Mode Optical Fiber Characterization (1985)

The measurement of the relevant parameters of single-mode optical fibers (namely, cutoff wavelength, mode field diameter, chromatic dispersion, and refractive index profile) is discussed, with explicit reference both to the work carried out within the Comite Consultatif International Telephonique et Telegraphique (CCITT) and to original techniques developed by the authors. The main research evolution trends are pointed out.
3D interleaved water and fat image acquisition with chemical-shift correction (2000)

A new technique, 3D interleaved water and fat image acquisition with chemical-shift correction (3-DIWFAC), was developed to acquire 3D water and fat images in a single acquisition time and to combine the water and fat images to produce chemical-shift-free images. A 3D gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) sequence was implemented with a 1-3-3-1 binomial Shinnar-Le Roux spatial-spectral excitation, and with interleaved phase-encoding lines that alternate between water and fat excitations separated by half TR. Water-only and fat-only images were then realigned to remove chemical shift artifacts. Results from phantoms and human subjects demonstrated that the image contrast was the same as in the regular GRE sequence. With the chemical shift corrected, the shadow artifacts often seen at water and fat boundaries were removed. Since this sequence simultaneously provides water-only images showing cartilage and bone lesions, and water-fat images that depict soft tissue anatomy, it may be clinically useful in musculoskeletal imaging. Magn Reson Med 44:322-330, 2000.
Noninvasive laser vasectomy: Preliminary ex vivo tissue studies (2009)

Noninvasive thermal coagulation and occlusion of the vas was produced in an ex vivo canine tissue model. However, chronic in vivo animal studies will be necessary to optimize the laser/cooling treatment parameters and confirm long-term vas occlusion with absence of sperm in the ejaculate, before clinical application.
The temperature dependence and involvement of mitochondria permeability transition and caspase activation in damage to organotypic hippocampal slices following <i>in vitro</i> ischemia (2005)

The aggravating effect of hyperglycemia on ischemic brain injury can be mimicked in a model of in vitro ischemia (IVI) using murine hippocampal slice cultures. Using this model, we found that the damage in the CA1 region following IVI in the absence or presence of 40 mm glucose (hyperglycemia) is highly temperature dependent. Decreasing the temperature from 35 to 31 degrees C during IVI prevented cell death, whereas increasing the temperature by 2 degrees C markedly aggravated damage. As blockade of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is equally effective as hypothermia in preventing ischemic cell death in vivo, we investigated whether inhibition of MPT or of caspases was protective following IVI. In the absence of glucose, the MPT blockers cyclosporin A and MeIle4-CsA but not the immunosuppressive compound FK506 diminished cell death. In contrast, following hyperglycemic IVI, MPT blockade was ineffective. Also, the pan-caspase inhibitor Boc-Asp(OMe)fluoromethyl ketone did not decrease cell death in the CA1 region following IVI or hyperglycemic IVI. We conclude that cell death in the CA1 region of organotypic murine hippocampal slices following IVI is highly temperature dependent and involves MPT. In contrast, cell death following hyperglycemic IVI, although completely prevented by hypothermia, is not mediated by mechanisms that involve MPT or caspase activation.
Dynamic ESPI System for Spatio-Temporal Strain Analysis of a Deforming Solid Object (2006)

In Dynamic Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (DESPI), deformation analysis could be done for successively acquired frame data of interfering speckle patterns with no additional frames like phase shifting speckle patterns. Our final goal is to obtain a temporally varying process of two-dimensional strain field. Two normal strains and shearing strain are derived by numerical derivatives of two components of in-plane deformation. Analyzed results of tensile experiments of an Al-alloy sample will be shown. In the experiments, propagation of a strain localization band accompanied by serration of a stress curve was clearly observed quantitatively analyzed.
Silicon-carbide-based extreme environment temperature sensor using wavelength-tuned signal processing (2008)

A wavelength-tuned signal-processing approach is proposed for enabling direct unambiguous temperature measurement in a free-space targeted single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) temperature sensor. The approach simultaneously exploits the 6H SiC fundamental Sellmeier equation-based wavelength-sensitive refractive index change in combination with the classic temperature-dependent refractive index change and the material thermal-expansion path-length change to encode SiC chip temperature with wavelength. Presently, the technique is useful for fast coarse temperature measurement as demonstrated from room temperature to 1000 degrees C using a 10-peak count wavelength-tuned measurement with a 0.31 nm total wavelength change. This coarse technique can be combined with the previously presented two-wavelength signal-processing temperature measurement approach to simultaneously deliver a wide temperature range and a high-resolution temperature sensor. Applications for the sensor range from power plants to materials processing facilities.
Fast, accurate and simple carrier acquisition algorithm for OFDM systems (2003)

In all wireless systems, one of the first operations that must take place at the receiver is the acquisition of the carrier and timing. OFDM systems are particularly sensitive to carrier offsets since this introduces intercarrier interference and loss of signal power. An algorithm, termed MODSC, is devised in this paper which can estimate the local oscillator (LO) offset in a fast and efficient manner. The carrier offset can be brought to within one half the carrier spacing within 1 to 10 OFDM frames. Using a null in the center carrier, carrier acquisition can be easily accomplished by locating this null in the FFT bins at the receiver. The offset of this null from the designed position indicates the local oscillator offset in units of number of sub-carriers. An additional guard interval based (GIB) algorithm is used to estimate the offset within one half the inter-carrier spacing. Together, the MODSC and GIB completely estimates the LO offset.
Integration of uncertain subsurface information into multiple reservoir simulation models (2005)

Successful appraisal and development of oil and gas fields requires the integration of uncertain subsurface information into multiple reservoir simulation models. This information includes seismic data, various types of well data, and geologic concepts. Over the past five years, a workflow has been developed by various organizations in conjunction with BHP Billiton Petroleum. This distinctive approach focuses first on building mesoscale reservoir models that can be constrained by seismic data (typically with a resolution up to the stratigraphic seismic loop scale, see Prather et al., 2000), then introducing the finer scale geologic concepts and well data needed for reservoir simulation models (stratigraphic first- and second-order subseismic scale, where each order is about a factor of three in size) via a downscaling step that honors mesoscale model constraints. Uncertainty and correlations of the well and seismic measurements are always taken into account. In fact, they are necessary to be able to combine the various measurements. Bayesian probabilistic techniques are used extensively in this process. The result is an ensemble of reservoir simulation models consistent with all subsurface information.
Intracavity resonant quantum-well photodetectionof a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (1997)

The authors demonstrate the first intracavity quantum-well photodetector within a VCSEL. Minimal spontaneous emission is detected by the internal detector. The effective responsivity is as high as 9 A/W; the dark current is <1 nA, limited by the noise floor of the instruments used.
Genetic and Developmental Characterization of Dmca1D, a Calcium Channel α1 Subunit Gene in Drosophila melanogaster (1998)

To begin unraveling the functional significance of calcium channel diversity, we identified mutations in Dmca1D, a Drosophila calcium channel alpha1 subunit cDNA that we recently cloned. These mutations constitute the l(2)35Fa lethal locus, which we rename Dmca1D. A severe allele, Dmca1D(X10), truncates the channel after the IV-S4 transmembrane domain. These mutants die as late embryos because they lack vigorous hatching movements. In the weaker allele, Dmca1D(AR66), a cysteine in transmembrane domain I-S1 is changed to tyrosine. Dmca1D(AR66) embryos hatch but pharate adults have difficulty eclosing. Those that do eclose have difficulty in fluid-filling of the wings. These studies show that this member of the calcium channel alpha1 subunit gene family plays a nonredundant, vital role in larvae and adults.
A probabilistic, hierarchical, and discriminant framework for rapid and accurate detection of deformable anatomic structure (2007)

We propose a probabilistic, hierarchical, and discriminant (PHD) framework for fast and accurate detection of deformable anatomic structures from medical images. The PHD framework has three characteristics. First, it integrates distinctive primitives of the anatomic structures at global, segmental, and landmark levels in a probabilistic manner. Second, since the configuration of the anatomic structures lies in a high-dimensional parameter space, it seeks the best configuration via a hierarchical evaluation of the detection probability that quickly prunes the search space. Finally, to separate the primitive from the background, it adopts a discriminative boosting learning implementation. We apply the PHD framework for accurately detecting various deformable anatomic structures from M- mode and Doppler echocardiograms in about a second.
Novel Electrochemical Biosensing Platform Using Self-Assembled Peptide Nanotubes (2004)

Here we describe a novel electrochemical biosensing platform based on biocompatible, well-ordered, self-assembled diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes. Voltammetric and time-based amperometric techniques were applied to demonstrate the ability of the peptide nanotubes to improve the electrochemical parameters of graphite electrodes. The findings clearly show that this novel class of peptide nanotubes provides an attractive component for future electroanalytical devices.