gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5218: Development of Anti-CD47 therapy for pediatric brain tumors. (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Extensive molecular characterization of Brain tumors done in recent years has proven valuable for tumor classification, risk stratification and outcome prediction for current treatment modalities. However the current standard of care has not improved the prognosis and carries an increased risk of cognitive impairments for children with brain tumors. A characteristic feature of tumor progression and recurrence is its ability to evade the immune system. Our hypothesis is that by modulating the innate immune system we can enhance the ability of macrophages to ‘eat and kill’ brain cancer cells. Recent data suggests that the interaction between the cell surface antigen CD47 and its binding partner SIRPα is a mechanism by which non-solid and solid tumors can evade the innate immune system. To see if anti-CD47 therapy is a potential therapy in malignant pediatric brain tumors we first looked at CD47 expression in freshly isolated patient and postmortem samples from 4 different tumor types; Diffused Intrinsic Pontine Glioma, Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma and ATRTs. We tested the hypothesis that blocking CD47- SIRPα interaction induced phagocytosis in an in-vitro phagocytosis assay. We next established orthotopic xenografts models in immune compromised mice and treated them with anti-CD47 humanized antibody, which is currently being developed for clinical trials in hematopoietic and non-CNS malignancies. Result: CD47 expression was upregulated in all tumor types and was present in &gt;90% of the cells in high grade tumors. Increased CD47 expression was observed in CD15+ and CD133+ putative cancer stem cell population. Blocking the CD47- SIRPα interaction increases tumor phagocytosis by macrophages in-vitro. Systemic treatment with anti-CD47 antibody significantly reduced tumor burden in an orthotopic xenograft setting. Conclusion: Anti-CD47 therapy is a viable and effective treatment modality for pediatric high grade brain tumors. Citation Format: Sharareh Gholamin, Siddhartha S. Mitra, Chase Elliott Richard, Achal Achrol, Doosik Kong, Jun Jae Shin, Michelle Monje-Deisseroth, Yoon-Jae Cho, Irving Weissman, Samuel H. Cheshier. Development of Anti-CD47 therapy for pediatric brain tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5218. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5218
<title>Generalized radon transform/amplitude versus angle (GRT/AVA) migration/inversion in anisotropic media</title> (1994)

We investigate the inversion of seismic data for the recovery of combinations of elastic parameters. The theory is based on a single scattering and a high-frequency (stationary phase) approximation and maps the most singular part of the wave field onto the most singular part of the medium within this approximation. In this framework, it is assumed that the smooth constituents of the medium are known. Three asymptotic parameters play a role, one for propagation in the background medium, one for scattering in the medium perturbation, and one describing the smoothness of the medium perturbation itself. A procedure concerning what combinations of parameters can be determined given an acquisition geometry is discussed. The zero-offset case in particular simplifies the expressions but allows only one parameter to be reconstructed. We find that in anisotropic media we are forced to follow a `generalized' inverse approach, which we implement through a singular-value decomposition. Finally, we mention a simplification which is based on a micro-local analysis. Assuming that the medium jumps in a single direction only, and assuming that the associated dip can be estimated separately, the theory becomes essentially 1D and the inversion procedure reduces to an AVA analysis.
Hybrid organosiloxane material/metal oxide composite as efficient anticorrosive coatings for mild steel in a saline medium (2018)

ABSTRACT Hybrid sol–gel materials have been found very promising anticorrosive coatings for metal substrates. In this article, the synthesis of novel hybrid organic‐inorganic sol–gel polymer; starting from tetraethyl orthosilicate, (3‐aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane, dimethoxy‐methyl‐octadecylsilane and polydimethylsiloxane, silanol terminated precursors, is reported. The hybrid polymer has been further loaded individually as well with five different metal oxides, then deposited on mild steel panels. All cured coating formulations have been characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, vicker‐microhardness, surface roughness, and critical load analyses. Results have revealed that the parent coating exhibits excellent thermal stability and hydrophobic nature with minor observed changes on the two properties for the metal oxide‐loaded coatings. Electrochemical impedance and visual inspection results indicated excellent corrosion protection performance for all metal oxide composite coatings (except magnesium oxide) on steel when immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution for a prolonged time. Furthermore, the coating containing molybdenum oxide exhibited a maximum hardness, homogeneity, and adherence to the steel surface. The developed coating formulations in this study can be considered as a promising alternative to the currently‐used toxic chromate and phosphate coatings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 134 , 46718
Mo<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>7</sub>–C Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

Mo3Sb7–C composite has been synthesized by first firing a mixture of Mo and Sb metals and then ball-milling the resultant material with carbon. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) data reveal that these composites are composed of uniformly dispersed, submicrometer sized, crystalline Mo3Sb7 in a conductive carbon matrix. The presence of carbon in the composite drastically improves the cycle life of Mo3Sb7 as the carbon buffers the volume changes occurring during charge–discharge cycling. With a discharge capacity of 518 mAh/g and 907 mAh/cm3 and a tap density of 1.75 g/cm3 for the composite, the Mo3Sb7–C composite anodes offer three times higher volumetric capacity than the graphite anode. Also, with an operating voltage (∼0.8 V) well above that of Li/Li+, the Mo3Sb7–C composite anodes offer better safety.
Structural Properties of Dibenzosuberanylpiperazine Derivatives for Efficient Reversal of Chloroquine Resistance in <i>Plasmodium chabaudi</i> (2003)

For the purpose of developing chemosensitizers to reverse chloroquine (CQ) resistance in Plasmodium chabaudi in vivo, dibenzosuberanylpiperazine (1-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)piperazine) (DSP) and its piperazin-1-yl derivatives were synthesized systematically. DSP hydrochloride (3) was obtained from the reaction of dibenzosuberanyl chloride with piperazine in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-7-undecene (DBU). To understand the relationship between the substituent patterns of DSP derivatives and their biological activities, 13 hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl derivatives were synthesized by an attack of the piperazine secondary amine of 3 on commercially available epoxides in the presence of triethylamine or DBU, and three alkyl or alkynyl derivatives were synthesized by the reactions of 3 with the corresponding organic chlorides in the presence of DBU. In both reactions, the yield was a maximum of 90%. The biological activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated on the basis of two values: antimalarial activity and reversal activity. The values of antimalarial activities by single administration of 17 test compounds were not effective, being in the range 67-152% on day 4 after infection of Plasmodium chabaudi to mice except for the administration of 3-(dibenzosuberanylpiperazin-1-yl)-1-butene (29, 22%). On the other hand, administration of the seven test compounds (50 mg/kg dose) combined with CQ (3-4 mg/kg) gave high reversal activities, namely, low values (0% on day 4). The effective test compounds were those obtained by introducing the following substituents: 2-hydroxybutyl (24), 2-hydroxyhexen-5-yl (27), 2-hydroxybuten-3-yl (28a), 2-substituted 1-hydroxybuten-3-yl (28b), 4-acetoxybutyn-2-yl (30), 4-hydroxybutyn-2-yl (31), and 3-substituted buten-1-yl (29), which correspond to the nonbulky groups of hydroxyalkyl (C4), hydroxyalkenyl (C4-C6), hydroxyalkynyl (C4), or alkenyl (C4). These results may lead to the development of an approach to developing clinically applicable chemosensitizers for drug-resistant malaria.
Formation of high quality storage capacitor dielectrics by in-situ rapid thermal reoxidation of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ films in N/sub 2/O ambient (1994)

This letter reports on a novel reoxidation technique for SiO/sub 2//Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ (ON) stacked films by using N/sub 2/O as oxidant. Effect of in-situ rapid thermal N/sub 2/O reoxidation (RTNO) on the electrical characteristics of thin ON stacked films are studied and compared with those of in-situ rapid thermal. O/sub 2/ reoxidation (RTO). Prior to reoxidation, the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film was deposited by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RT-CVD) using SiH/sub 4/ and NH/sub 3/. Results show that RTNO of the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ films significantly improves electrical characteristics of ON stacked films in terms of lower leakage current, suppressed charge trapping, reduced defect density and improved time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown (TDDB), as compared to RTO of the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ films.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Substrate Specificity of Naphthalene Dioxygenase: Effect of Specific Amino Acids at the Active Site of the Enzyme (2000)

The three-component naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) enzyme system carries out the first step in the aerobic degradation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816-4. The three-dimensional structure of NDO revealed that several of the amino acids at the active site of the oxygenase are hydrophobic, which is consistent with the enzyme's preference for aromatic hydrocarbon substrates. Although NDO catalyzes cis-dihydroxylation of a wide range of substrates, it is highly regio- and enantioselective. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to determine the contributions of several active-site residues to these aspects of catalysis. Amino acid substitutions at Asn-201, Phe-202, Val-260, Trp-316, Thr-351, Trp-358, and Met-366 had little or no effect on product formation with naphthalene or biphenyl as substrates and had slight but significant effects on product formation from phenanthrene. Amino acid substitutions at Phe-352 resulted in the formation of cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol with altered stereochemistry [92 to 96% (+)-1R,2S], compared to the enantiomerically pure [>99% (+)-1R,2S] product formed by the wild-type enzyme. Substitutions at position 352 changed the site of oxidation of biphenyl and phenanthrene. Substitution of alanine for Asp-362, a ligand to the active-site iron, resulted in a completely inactive enzyme.
Mutual Noise Estimation Algorithm for Video Denoising (2019)

This paper presents a novel algorithm to estimate spatio-temporal noise variance in videos. The algorithm uses mutual information from the spatial and temporal noise statistics to detect homogeneous blocks in a video frame and estimate the noise. The experimental results show the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm over videos with low to high spatial and temporal complexities, and varying levels of noise power and noise correlations.
User-controllable learning of security and privacy policies (2008)

Studies have shown that users have great difficulty specifying their security and privacy policies in a variety of application domains. While machine learning techniques have successfully been used to refine models of user preferences, such as in recommender systems, they are generally configured as "black boxes" that take control over the entire policy and severely restrict the ways in which the user can manipulate it. This article presents an alternative approach, referred to as user-controllable policy learning. It involves the incremental manipulation of policies in a context where system and user refine a common policy model. The user regularly provides feedback on decisions made based on the current policy. This feedback is used to identify (learn) incremental policy improvements which are presented as suggestions to the user. The user, in turn, can review these suggestions and decide which, if any, to accept. The incremental nature of the suggestions enhances usability, and because the user and the system manipulate a common policy representation, the user retains control and can still make policy modifications by hand. Results obtained using a neighborhood search implementation of this approach are presented in the context of data derived from the deployment of a friend finder application, where users can share their locations with others, subject to privacy policies they refine over time. We present results showing policy accuracy, which averages 60% upon initial definition by our users climbing as high as 90% using our technique.
Integrated fiber-optic coupler for VLSI interconnect (1985)

A new optical interconnect technique is demonstrated for optical communication to a VLSI chip which is suitable for very high packing densities. This interconnect features small size (<10 µ m), reproducible and accurate alignment between the optical fiber and the electronic device, and mechanically stable, high efficiency coupling. The basic idea (for a receiver structure) is to etch a hole slightly larger than a single-mode fiber core into a silicon wafer by a laser-assisted etching technique. A p-n junction is then formed on the inside of the hole and serves as a detector. As a result of the hole geometry, the fabrication process of the p-n junction requires a modification of the conventional technique used in the surface diffusion of a p-n junction. In the final stage, an optical fiber is uniformly stretched and is inserted into the hole and is affixed by means of epoxy. Here the objective is to reduce a single-mode fiber to the dimensions necessary for insertion into the hole, while preserving its guiding properties. With the fiber secured in the hole, light emanating from the end of the fiber is collected by the reverse biased junction and converted to an electrical signal. This signal can be utilized by circuitry on the surface of the wafer. In this way, the footprint of the integrated fiber-optic coupler on the chip is nearly equal to the cross-sectional area of the single-mode optical fiber core, and arrays of such interconnects can achieve very high packing densities.
A Novel Drive Status Monitoring System (2006)

This paper describes a novel drive status monitoring system. Two fixed cameras are used in the proposed system to capture the driver's face image and the front road image to find the driver's sight orientation, the lane path orientation, and the car heading direction, and these 3 orientation information are calculated for 2 correlation coefficients by using the soft-shape-context concept to indicate the driver's steering control degrees. Three driving situations of the safe zone, risky zone, and unconscious zone are suggested according the combined coefficient of 2 correlation coefficients. This proposed system is capable to cooperate with other pre-crash systems based on the distance information to neighbor cars.
Continuous Wireless Monitoring of the Cervical Dilation of a Pregnant Woman (2008)

A novel electronic sensor system is designed to continuously monitor the dilation of the cervix of a pregnant female approaching labor and delivery. The system is capable of wirelessly transmitting the progress of dilation to a central monitoring agency that can get in touch with the attending physician and/or the hospital of the pregnant female. Using wireless telephony, the monitoring agency and/or the physician can advise the female about the medical care she needs at that moment, even though the female might be at her home, or away from home and away from the medical facility.
Adaptive sleeping and awakening protocol (ASAP) for energy efficient adhoc sensor networks (2005)

An adaptive sleeping and awakening protocol (ASAP) is proposed for nodes in a synchronous adhoc sensor network. In order to increase energy efficiency, nodes within the network enter into a sleep mode and awaken at pre-determined time slot(s) to listen for transmissions from its immediate neighbors. Implicit knowledge of awakening slots for neighboring nodes is used to schedule transmissions within the neighborhood. Finally, nodes adapt their sleeping cycles based on neighbor topology and remaining battery life in order to maximize the network lifetime while satisfying the latency requirements of the underlying sensor application. Simulation results show that with delay constrained routing, ASAP can achieve twice the energy efficiency (or battery life) of a synchronous awakening approach.
BackDoor (2018)

Microphones are like human ears. If we play an audible sound, both humans and microphones will be able to hear it. We design sound that appears just as any other sound to microphones, but remains inaudible to humans. This sound can be regulated to carry data bits, thereby enabling an acoustic (but inaudible) communication channel to hundreds of smart devices that already have built-in microphones. Other applications include jamming spy microphones in the environment, live watermarking of music in a concert, and even threats like acoustic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on phone calls or inaudible command attacks on voice-enabled devices.
Rational Design of Transparent Nanowire Architectures with Tunable Geometries for Preventing Marine Fouling (2020)

Abstract Marine biofouling is a sticky global problem that hinders maritime industries. Various microscale surface structures inspired by marine biological species have been explored for their anti‐fouling properties. However, systematic studies of anti‐marine‐fouling performance on surface architectures with characteristic length‐scales spanning from below 100 nm to greater than 10 µm are generally lacking. Herein, a study on the rational design and fabrication of ZnO/Al 2 O 3 core–shell nanowire architectures with tunable geometries (length, spacing, and branching) and surface chemistry is presented. The ability of the nanowires to significantly delay or prevent marine biofouling is demonstrated. Compared to planar surfaces, hydrophilic nanowires can reduce fouling coverage by up to ≈60% after 20 days. The fouling reduction mechanism is mainly due to two geometric effects: reduced effective settlement area and mechanical cell penetration. Additionally, superhydrophobic nanowires can completely prevent marine biofouling for up to 22 days. The nanowire surfaces are transparent across the visible spectrum, making them applicable to windows and oceanographic sensors. Through the rational control of surface nano‐architectures, the coupled relationships between wettability, transparency, and anti‐biofouling performance are identified. It is envisioned that the insights gained from the work can be used to systematically design surfaces that reduce marine biofouling in various industrial settings.
Berichtigung: Dendritic Luminescent Gold(III) Complexes for Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2013)

Im vierten Absatz dieser Zuschrift sind die Reduktionspotentiale der Alkinylgold(III)-Komplexe 1–3 in Dichlormethan (0.1 mol dm−3, nBu4NPF6) fälschlicherweise als +0.94 V, +1.05 V bzw. +1.12 V gegen SCE (gesättigte Kalomelelektrode) angegeben. Die korrekten Werte betragen +0.83 V, +0.94 V und +1.06 V gegen SCE, die im fünften Absatz korrekt angegeben sind. Der Fehler hat keine Auswirkungen auf die Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen der Studie.
A novel common-mode noise cancellation technique for VDSL applications (2003)

Very-high-speed digital subscriber loop modems operate in frequency bands which coincide with many significant radio-frequency interference sources, particularly commercial AM radio. In these bands, the balance of most twisted-pair cables is low enough to allow substantial interference to transfer via the differential mode, disrupting the transmitted information signal. A novel wideband common-mode noise cancellation technique is presented. Simulation results show that the common-mode noise cancellation technique could provide 20- to 30 dB improvement in those radio frequency bands. Construction and testing of a hardware prototype are also presented. With finite-precision effects, measured test results show that common-mode noise cancellation in the order of 15-20 dB is achievable.
Stretchable, Implantable, Nanostructured Flow-Diverter System for Quantification of Intra-aneurysmal Hemodynamics (2018)

Random weakening of an intracranial blood vessel results in abnormal blood flow into an aneurysmal sac. Recent advancements show that an implantable flow diverter, integrated with a medical stent, enables a highly effective treatment of cerebral aneurysms by guiding blood flow into the normal vessel path. None of such treatment systems, however, offers post-treatment monitoring to assess the progress of sac occlusion. Therefore, physicians rely heavily on either angiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Both methods require a dedicated facility with sophisticated equipment settings and time-consuming, cumbersome procedures. In this paper, we introduce an implantable, stretchable, nanostructured flow-sensor system for quantification of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics. The open-mesh membrane device is capable of effective implantation in complex neurovascular vessels with extreme stretchability (500% radial stretching) and bendability (180° with 0.75 mm radius of curvature) for monitoring of the treatment progress. A collection of quantitative mechanics, fluid dynamics, and experimental studies establish the fundamental aspects of design criteria for a highly compliant, implantable device. Hemocompatibility study using fresh ovine blood captures the device feasibility for long-term insertion in a blood vessel, showing less platelet deposition compared to that in existing implantable materials. In vitro demonstrations of three types of flow sensors show quantification of intra-aneurysmal blood flow in a pig aorta and the capability of observation of aneurysm treatment with a great sensitivity (detection limit as small as 0.032 m/s). Overall, this work describes a mechanically soft flow-diverter system that offers an effective treatment of aneurysms with an active monitoring of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics.