gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion relation on the Kerr constant of a polymer-stabilized optically isotropic liquid crystal (2011)

The dispersion relation on the Kerr constant (K) of a polymer-stabilized isotropic phase (PSIP) liquid-crystal (LC) composite is investigated. Our experimental results show that K decreases as the wavelength (λ) increases. The single-band birefringence dispersion model is used to fit the λK values of the PSIP LC composite. Very good agreement between the experiment and physical model is obtained.
Developments of Plasma Etching Technology for Fabricating Semiconductor Devices (2008)

Plasma etching technologies such as reactive ion etching (RIE), isotropic etching, and ashing/plasma cleaning are the currently used booster technologies for manufacturing all silicon devices based on the scaling law. The needs-driven conversion from the wet etching process to the plasma/dry etching process is reviewed. The progress made in plasma etching technologies is described from the viewpoint of requirements for the manufacturing of devices. The critical applications of RIE, isotropic etching, and plasma ashing/cleaning to form precisely controlled profiles of high-aspect-ratio contacts (HARC), gate stacks, and shallow trench isolation (STI) in the front end of line (FEOL), and also to form precise via holes and trenches used in reliable Cu/low-k (low-dielectric-constant material) interconnects in the back end of line (BEOL) are described in detail. Some critical issues inherent to RIE processing, such as the RIE-lag effect, the notch phenomenon, and plasma-induced damage including charge-up damage are described. The basic reaction mechanisms of RIE and isotropic etching are discussed. Also, a procedure for designing the etching process, which is strongly dependent on the plasma reactor configuration, is proposed. For the more precise critical dimension (CD) control of the gate pattern for leading-edge devices, the advanced process control (APC) system is shown to be effective.
Assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential using an on-chip microelectrode in a microfluidic device (2010)

The mitochondrial membrane potential is used to generate and regulate energy in living systems, driving the conversion of ADP to ATP, regulating ion homeostasis, and controlling apoptosis, all central to human health and disease. Therefore, there is a need for tools to study its regulation in a controlled environment for potential clinical and scientific applications. For this aim, an on-chip tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP(+)) selective microelectrode sensor was constructed in a microfluidic environment. The concentration of isolated mitochondria (Heb7A) used in a membrane potential measurement was 0.3 ng microL(-1), four orders of magnitude smaller than the concentration used in conventional assays (3 microg microL(-1)). In addition, the volume of the chamber (85 microL) is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than traditional experiments. As a demonstration, changes in the membrane potential are clearly measured in response to a barrage of well-known substrates and inhibitors of the electron transport chain. This general approach, which to date has not been demonstrated for study of mitochondrial function and bio-energetics in generally, can be instrumental in advancing the field of mitochondrial research and clinical applications by allowing high throughput studies of the regulation, dynamics, and statistical properties of the mitochondrial membrane potential in response to inhibitors and inducers of apoptosis in a controlled (microfluidic) chemical environment.
Selective determination of non-enzymatic glycosylated serum albumin as a medium term index of diabetic control. (1993)

Serum proteins are non-enzymatically glycosylated dependent on the concentration of free glucose and measurements of their concentration are used to control diabetic carbohydrate metabolism. Eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 8 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with glycosylated hemoglobin levels of at least 10.5% were studied during a 6-week period of antidiabetic therapy. Glycosylated serum albumin (GSA) and glycosylated total serum proteins (GSP) were measured weekly using an affinity chromatography procedure. The fructosamine test (FA) and the measurement of mean blood glucose (MBG) were also carried out weekly. Glycosylated hemoglobin and its glucose adduct HbA1c were determined at 14-day intervals (HPLC-method). All measured parameters decreased during the period of the study. The correlation coefficients for the glycosylated proteins versus the MBG determined one week earlier were highest for GSA [IDDM: r(GSA/MBG-1) = 0.726, p < 0.001 for the single values and 0.984, p < 0.001 for the mean values; NIDDM: r (GSA/MBG-1) = 0.636, p < 0.001 for the single values and 0.986, p < 0.001 for the mean values]. The differences between the IDDM and NIDDM group probably occurred because 6 NIDDM patients were taking glibenclamide (7.0-10.5 mg/day) which is known to inhibit the glycosylation reaction of albumin. The fructosamine test is more prone to interferences than the selective determination of GSA. GSA determination therefore, gives precise data in medium term diabetic control.
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2: a potential target for cardiovascular therapy (2006)

Advances in the pharmacological management of patients with hypertension as well as other cardiac, renal, and vascular diseases have provided confirmatory evidence for a participation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathogenesis of heart disease, stroke, and renal failure. Both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which block the action of the angiotensin II (Ang II) forming enzyme, and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists, which inhibit the interaction of Ang II and the AT1 receptor, showed enhanced efficacy in numerous randomized clinical trials, such that these agents have become the standard of care for patients with hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, post-myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease.1-5 The success of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists as pharmacological treatments demonstrates the importance of RAAS regulation as a therapeutic target.
MicroRNA-target pairs in human renal epithelial cells treated with transforming growth factor β1: a novel role of miR-382 (2010)

We reported previously an approach for identifying microRNA (miRNA)-target pairs by combining miRNA and proteomic analyses. The approach was applied in the present study to examine human renal epithelial cells treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a model of epithelial-mesenchymal transition important for the development of renal interstitial fibrosis. Treatment of human renal epithelial cells with TGFβ1 resulted in upregulation of 16 miRNAs and 18 proteins and downregulation of 17 miRNAs and 16 proteins. Of the miRNAs and proteins that exhibited reciprocal changes in expression, 77 pairs met the sequence criteria for miRNA-target interactions. Knockdown of miR-382, which was up-regulated by TGFβ1, attenuated TGFβ1-induced loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. miR-382 was confirmed by 3'-untranslated region reporter assay to target five genes that were downregulated at the protein level by TGFβ1, including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Knockdown of miR-382 attenuated TGFβ1-induced downregulation of SOD2. Overexpression of SOD2 ameliorated TGFβ1-induced loss of the epithelial marker. The study provided experimental evidence in the form of reciprocal expression at the protein level for a large number of predicted miRNA-target pairs and discovered a novel role of miR-382 and SOD2 in the loss of epithelial characteristics induced by TGFβ1.
Reuse Issues (2002)

Rachelle Springer, MS, ARNP, CS, CPSN, LHCRM,is president of RCS Consulting Group, Inc. and serves as a consultant to office surgical facilities for AAAASF accreditation preparation in several states. She is a licensed healthcare risk manager in Florida where she works with office surgical facilities in preparation for State inspection or accreditation by State-approved accreditation agencies. She has served as Director of Education for ASPSN and Continuing Education Coordinator of Plastic Surgical Nursing Journal. Rachelle welcomes your questions regarding office-based surgical nursing and can be reached at 561-487-6960 or via e-mail at[email protected].
Safety, software architecture and MIL-STD-1760 (2007)

Integrating modern aircraft stores, particularly weapons, creates a complex system of systems challenge. The traditional approach to such integrations was for each to be a stand-alone program. For each program a unique interface would usually be implemented, usually also with a set of unique problems, such as the missile ‘ghosting ’ problems experienced during the F-16 to AMRAAM integration (Ward 1993). In response to the problems of such an approach MIL-STD-1760 an Interface Standard for Aircraft to Store Electrical Interconnection System was released by the US DoD to standardise aircraft/store interfaces. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of the architectural techniques of MIL-STD-1760. A hierarchical method for integrating the use of the standard into a safety case is also described.
Synthesis of <i>ent</i>-Haterumalide NA (<i>ent</i>-Oocydin A) Methyl Ester (2003)

Stille coupling of allylic chloride 26 with vinylstannane 4a afforded 65% of 27 with the requisite skipped diene, vinyl chloride, and allylic oxygen functionality. Yamaguchi macrolactonization of 28 provided 65% of 29, which was elaborated to haterumalide NA methyl ester (32) by a Nozaki−Hiyama−Kishi coupling with 31.
Characterization of PARP6 Function in Knockout Mice and Patients with Developmental Delay (2021)

PARP6, a member of a family of enzymes (17 in humans) known as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), is a neuronally enriched PARP. While previous studies from our group show that Parp6 is a regulator of dendrite morphogenesis in rat hippocampal neurons, its function in the nervous system in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we describe the generation of a <i>Parp6</i> loss-of-function mouse model for examining the function of Parp6 during neurodevelopment in vivo. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we generated a mouse line that expressed a Parp6 truncated variant (Parp6<sup>TR</sup>) in place of Parp6<sup>WT</sup>. Unlike Parp6<sup>WT</sup>, Parp6<sup>TR</sup> is devoid of catalytic activity. Homozygous Parp6<sup>TR</sup> do not exhibit obvious neuromorphological defects during development, but nevertheless die perinatally. This suggests that Parp6 catalytic activity is important for postnatal survival. We also report PARP6 mutations in six patients with several neurodevelopmental disorders, including microencephaly, intellectual disabilities, and epilepsy. The most severe mutation in <i>PARP6</i> (C563R) results in the loss of catalytic activity. Expression of Parp6<sup>C563R</sup> in hippocampal neurons decreases dendrite morphogenesis. To gain further insight into <i>PARP6</i> function in neurons we also performed a BioID proximity labeling experiment in hippocampal neurons and identified several microtubule-binding proteins (e.g., MAP-2) using proteomics. Taken together, our results suggest that PARP6 is an essential microtubule-regulatory gene in mice, and that the loss of PARP6 catalytic activity has detrimental effects on neuronal function in humans.
Collaborative Intent Prediction with Real-Time Contextual Data (2017)

Intelligent personal assistants on mobile devices such as Apple’s Siri and Microsoft Cortana are increasingly important. Instead of passively reacting to queries, they provide users with brand new proactive experiences that aim to offer the right information at the right time. It is, therefore, crucial for personal assistants to understand users’ intent, that is, what information users need now. Intent is closely related to context. Various contextual signals, including spatio-temporal information and users’ activities, can signify users’ intent. It is, however, challenging to model the correlation between intent and context. Intent and context are highly dynamic and often sequentially correlated. Contextual signals are usually sparse, heterogeneous, and not simultaneously available. We propose an innovative collaborative nowcasting model to jointly address all these issues. The model effectively addresses the complex sequential and concurring correlation between context and intent and recognizes users’ real-time intent with continuously arrived contextual signals. We extensively evaluate the proposed model with real-world data sets from a commercial personal assistant. The results validate the effectiveness the proposed model, and demonstrate its capability of handling the real-time flow of contextual signals. The studied problem and model also provide inspiring implications for new paradigms of recommendation on mobile intelligent devices.
Hormone-Balancing Effect of Pre-Gelatinized Organic Maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacon): (II) Physiological and Symptomatic Responses of Early-Postmenopausal Women to Standardized doses of Maca in Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Centre Clinical Study. (2006)

This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-corrected, outpatient, multi-centre (five sites) clinical study, in which a total of 168 Caucasian early-postmenopausal women volunteers (age>49 years) participated after fulfilling the criteria: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) >30 IU/ml and estrogen (E2) <40 pg/ml levels at admission. They were randomly allocated to Placebo and Pre-Gelatinized Organic Maca (Maca-GO) treatment, according to different monthly treatment sequences scheduled for each site. Two 500 mg vegetable hard gel capsules with Maca-GO or Placebo powder were self-administered twice daily with meals (total 2 g/day) during three (Trial I; n=102) or four (Trial II; n=66) months study periods. At the baseline and follow- up monthly intervals, blood levels of FSH, E2, progesterone (PRG) and lutinizing hormone (LH), as well as serum cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRG), high- and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) were measured. Menopausal symptoms were assessed according to Greene's Score (GMS) and Kupperman's Index (KMI). Data were analyzed using multivariate technique on blocs of monthly results in one model and Maca versus Placebo contrast in another model. A total of 124 women concluded the study. Maca-GO significantly stimulated production of E2 (P<0.001) with a simultaneous suppression (P<0.05) of blood FSH, increase (P<0.05) in HDL. Maca-GO significantly reduced both frequency and severity of individual menopausal symptoms (hot flushes and night sweating in particular) resulting in significant (P<0.001) alleviation of KMI (from 22 to 10), thus, offering an attractive non-hormonal addition to the choices available to early-postmenopausal women in the form of a natural plant alternative to Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - hence, reducing dependence on hormone therapy programs.
<title>Invariant methods for indexing and relative reconstruction of 3D models using 1D HRR and 2D SAR</title> (1998)

We describe a geometric model of high-resolution radar (HRR), where objects being imaged by the sensor are assumed to consists of a collection of isotropic scattering centers distributed in three dimensions. Three, four, five and six point pure HRR invariant quantities for non-coplanar reflecting centers are presented. New work showing invariants combining HRR and SAR measurements are then presented. All these techniques require matching corresponding features in multiple HRR and/or SAR views. These features are represented using analytic scattering models. Multiple features within the same HRR resolution cell can be individually detected and separated using interference-suppression filters. These features can then be individually tracked to maintain correspondence as the object poise changes. We validate our HRR/SAR invariants using the XPATCH simulation system. Finally, a view-based method for 3D model reconstruction is developed and demonstrated.
The role of mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase pathways in melanoma (2011)

Recent discoveries have increased our comprehension of the molecular signaling events critical for melanoma development and progression. Many oncogenes driving melanoma have been identified, and most of them exert their oncogenic effects through the activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways are also important in melanoma, but their precise role is not clear yet. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of the three main MAPK pathways, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, and p38, and their impact on melanoma biology. Although the results obtained with BRAF inhibitors in melanoma patients are impressive, several mechanisms of acquired resistance have emerged. To overcome this obstacle constitutes the new challenge in melanoma therapy. Given the major role that MAPKs play in melanoma, understanding their functions and the interconnection among them and with other signaling pathways represents a step forward toward this goal.
Light-scattering-induced artifacts in a complex polymer gel dosimetry phantom (2009)

Certain polymer gels become turbid on exposure to ionizing radiation, a property exploited in medical dosimetry to produce three-dimensional dose maps for radiotherapy. These maps can be read using optical computed tomography (CT). A test phantom of complex shape ("layered tube") was developed to investigate the optical properties of polymer gel dosimeters when read using optical CT. Extinction coefficient profiles from tomographically reconstructed slices of the phantom exhibited several artifacts. A simple model invoking scattered light in the gel was able to account for all artifacts, which in a real dosimeter may have been mistaken for other phenomena, resulting in incorrect readings of dose.
3,4‐Dihydroxybenzalacetone Protects Against Parkinson's Disease‐Related Neurotoxin 6‐OHDA Through Akt/Nrf2/Glutathione Pathway (2013)

quinone oxidoreductase 1 inhibitor, abolished the protective effect of DBL against 6-OHDA. Furthermore, DBL activated stress-associated kinases such as Akt, ERK, and p38 MAPK, and PI3K or Akt inhibitors, but not ERK, p38, or JNK inhibitors, diminished DBL-induced glutathione synthesis and protection against 6-OHDA. These results suggest that DBL activates the Nrf2/glutathione pathway through PI3K/Akt, and improves survival of SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA toxicity.
Autophagy: a druggable process that is deregulated in aging and human disease (2015)

Autophagy ("self-eating") constitutes one of the most spectacular yet subtly regulated phenomena in cell biology. Similarly to cell division, differentiation, and death, autophagy is perturbed in multiple diseases, in that excessive or deficient autophagy may contribute to pathogenesis. Numerous attempts have been launched to identify specific inducers or inhibitors of autophagy and to use them for the therapeutic correction of its deregulation. At present, several major disease categories (including but not limited to age-related, cardiovascular, infectious, neoplastic, neurodegenerative, and metabolic pathologies) are being investigated for pathogenic aberrations in autophagy and their pharmacologic rectification. Driven by promising preclinical results, several clinical trials are exploring autophagy as a therapeutic target.
Host Platelets and, in Part, Neutrophils Mediate Lung Accumulation of Transfused UVB-Irradiated Human Platelets in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury (2012)

We previously reported that ultraviolet light B (UVB)-treated human platelets (hPLTs) can cause acute lung injury (ALI) in a two-event SCID mouse model in which the predisposing event was Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and the second event was infusion of UVB-treated hPLTs. To delineate contributions of host mouse platelets (mPLTs) and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of ALI in this mouse model, we depleted mPLTs or neutrophils and measured hPLT accumulation in the lung. We also assessed lung injury by protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). LPS injection followed by infusion of UVB-treated hPLTs resulted in sequestration of both mPLTs and hPLTs in the lungs of SCID mice, although the numbers of neutrophils in the lung were not significantly different from the control group. Depletion of mouse neutrophils caused only a mild reduction in UVB-hPLTs accumulation in the lungs and a mild reduction in protein content in BALF. In comparison, depletion of mPLTs almost completely abolished hPLTs accumulation in the lung and significantly reduced protein content in BALF. UVB-treated hPLTs bound to host mPLTs, but did not bind to neutrophils in the lung. Aspirin treatment of hPLTs in vitro abolished hPLT accumulation in the lung and protected mice from lung injury. Our data indicate that host mPLTs accumulated in the lungs in response to an inflammatory challenge and subsequently mediated the attachment of transfused UVB-hPLTs. Neutrophils also recruited a small percentage of platelets to the lung. These findings may help develop therapeutic strategies for ALI which could potentially result from transfusion of UV illuminated platelets.
Importin α5 Regulates Anxiety through MeCP2 and Sphingosine Kinase 1 (2018)

Importins mediate transport from synapse to soma and from cytoplasm to nucleus, suggesting that perturbation of importin-dependent pathways should have significant neuronal consequences. A behavioral screen on five importin α knockout lines revealed that reduced expression of importin α5 (KPNA1) in hippocampal neurons specifically decreases anxiety in mice. Re-expression of importin α5 in ventral hippocampus of knockout animals increased anxiety behaviors to wild-type levels. Hippocampal neurons lacking importin α5 reveal changes in presynaptic plasticity and modified expression of MeCP2-regulated genes, including sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1). Knockout of importin α5, but not importin α3 or α4, reduces MeCP2 nuclear localization in hippocampal neurons. A Sphk1 blocker reverses anxiolysis in the importin α5 knockout mouse, while pharmacological activation of sphingosine signaling has robust anxiolytic effects in wild-type animals. Thus, importin α5 influences sphingosine-sensitive anxiety pathways by regulating MeCP2 nuclear import in hippocampal neurons.
A Distributed Time Synchronization Solution without Satellite Time Reference for Mobile Communication (2013)

Synchronization is one of the most important issues for telecommunication. Some 3G and LTE mobile communication systems require high-accuracy time synchronization between neighboring base stations. Existing synchronization solutions rely heavily on the satellite time service system, such as GPS, as the common time reference. In the event that satellite systems become unavailable, time synchronization in a wide area would be lost. In this paper, a distributed time synchronization solution is proposed without relying on satellite time reference. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed solution converges fast and can realize high-accuracy time synchronization for large-scale networks.