gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved method for growing murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with in vivo antitumor activity. (1990)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are host T cells that can be grown from fresh murine and human tumors using interleukin-2 (IL-2) in bulk cultures. These activated T cells have been shown to have significant antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. A technique is described for the separation of Thy-1.2-positive TILs from fresh murine tumors using antibody-coated magnetic beads, permitting the examination of growth conditions for these cells. TILs with increased therapeutic efficacy are obtained from the immunogenic MCA 38 and MCA 105 tumors when culture conditions employing low levels of IL-2 (10 vs. 1,000 U/ml) and irradiated autologous tumor restimulation are used. TILs grown under these conditions can mediate a 93% reduction of 3-day-old established pulmonary metastases when as few as 2.5 x 10(5) cells are adoptively transferred with systemic IL-2. These culture conditions are utilized to grow TILs from the nonimmunogenic MCA 102 tumor for which bulk TIL culture methods are unsuccessful. MCA 102 TILs grown in this fashion demonstrate in vivo therapeutic efficacy against established autologous pulmonary metastases.
Effects of window index and thickness on hydration sensitivity and probing depth of THz imaging systems (2014)

Electromagnetic modeling predicts that dielectric substrate windows placed above a tissue of interest alter the hydration sensitivity of reflective THz imaging systems. Furthermore, interference effects between layers (the window with the skin layers) cause the window's optical path length to change the depth probed by the imaging system. A pulsed THz imaging system operating at ∼ 500 GHz was used to image a burn wound in a rat model, with thin mylar (12 μm) and quartz (500 mm) windows examined. Imaging occurred over five hour period, with windows exchanged every 13 minutes. Large differences in contrast between the windows was observed, and the two sets of images reveal different hydration maps distal to the burn, suggestive that the dielectric window successfully probed a different depth than the mylar window.
Concave-DMOSFET: A New Super Low On-Resistance Power MOSFET (1994)

This paper describes a new super-low on-resistance power MOSFET. The new transistor «CONCAVE-DMOSFET» has a concave channel structure fabricated not by trench etching technique, but by a combination of local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) and diffusion self-alignment using oxide film as a double diffusion mask. The CONCAVE-DMOSFET based on 16 μm cell design has been fabricated for the first time, and the specific on-resistance of 75 mΩ.mm 2 with breakdown voltage of 50 V has been achieved. This specific on-resistance is the lowest ever reported for power MOSFETs of comparable same design rule. The lowest value has been realized by means of the CONCAVE-DMOS technology, which eliminates JFET resistance and provides a damage-free concave surface resulting in high channel mobility of 300 cm 2 /V.s
Automatic robot taping: system integration (2015)

Industrial robot arm has been used in a lot of applications, but most of them require manual teaching from the operator, or careful path-planning by experienced programmer. Offline programming is one of the solution for more sophisticated applications, but the 3D model of the workpiece should be provided, especially for applications such as painting, thermal spraying, etc. With the increasing availability of 3D scanner and cheap RGB-D camera such as Kinect (with its 3D model generation algorithm, Kinect Fusion), the 3D model of the object can be generated with lesser effort. This paper discusses the integration of scanning, path planning, and control of robot to achieve a complicated task: Automated Robot Taping. Kinect and 3D scanner Artec Eva were used to generate the 3D model, and a taping tool (attached to an industrial robot arm) was designed and manufactured. Based on the 3D model, a path planning algorithm was developed to generate the robot trajectory. To validate the system, some experiments have been conducted, and the automatic taping has been successfully done on the actual object. The application that is considered here is automatic taping, where a workpiece surface is to be covered by a masking tape, to be protected during plasma spraying. The overal framework, however, can be used for other applications such as painting, thermal spraying, etc.
Optimally Scheduling Dual-Arm Multi-Cluster Tools to Process Two Wafer Types (2022)

To satisfy the requirements of high-mix integrated-circuit chip production, multiple wafer types are grouped into a lot to be fabricated concurrently in a multi-cluster tool system. However, the existing studies do not solve the scheduling problem of multi-cluster tools with multiple wafer types being processed and wafer residency time constraints being imposed. This study aims to find a feasible steady-state schedule for a process-dominant multi-cluster tool that processes two wafer types concurrently. A novel robot cycle, called one-wafer-per-type cycle, and a two-swap robot sequence are defined, under which the minimal cycle time can be achieved. Further, the schedulability for individual cluster tools with two wafer types is proved upon closed-form derivations. The schedulability conditions of a one-wafer-per-type schedule for the system are proposed. With such conditions, an efficient algorithm is established to obtain a schedule in a two-swap sequence. Several instances show the application and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Bilayered Structure Comprised of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Desalination by Membrane Distillation (2016)

The development of a novel carbon nanotube (CNT) immobilized membrane comprised of a double-layer structure is presented for water desalination by membrane distillation. The bilayered structure is comprised of CNTs functionalized with a hydrophobic octadecyl amine group on the feed side and carboxylated CNTs on the permeate side. The latter is more hydrophilic. The hydrophobic CNTs provide higher water vapor permeation, while the hydrophilic CNTs facilitate the condensation of water vapor. Together, these led to superior performance, and flux in a direct contact membrane distillation mode was found to be as high as 121 kg/m(2)h at 80 °C. The bilayered membrane represented an enhancement of 70% over the unmodified membrane and 37% over a membrane which had a monolayered structure where only the feed side was CNT-modified.
Multimodal interface for a virtual reality based computer aided design system (2002)

Generation of geometric shapes called "geometric concept designs" via the multimodal user interface of a virtual reality (VR) based system motivates the current research. In the VR system, geometric designs can be more effectively input into the computer in a physically intuitive way (using voice, hand motions, and gestures-just as a person would communicate ideas to another person). Although the dimensions inputted may be imprecise, this approach is useful for concept shape generation since at this stage dimensions need not be exact. The paper focuses on determining the requirements for the multimodal user interface and assessing the applications of different input and output mechanisms in the virtual environment (VE). Based on the results of these investigations, a VR-based computer-aided design (CAD) system for the conceptual shape design will be implemented in the current research. Once designers use the system that we are developing, the interface requirements determined in the current paper may be verified or refined. The objectives of the research are to expand the frontiers of product design and establish a new paradigm for the VR-based conceptual shape design system.
Person Identification Based on Hand Tremor Characteristics (2016)

A plethora of biometric measures have been proposed in the past. In this paper we introduce a new potential biometric measure: the human tremor. We present a new method for identifying the user of a handheld device using characteristics of the hand tremor measured with a smartphone built-in inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes). The main challenge of the proposed method is related to the fact that human normal tremor is very subtle while we aim to address real-life scenarios. To properly address the issue, we have relied on weighted Fourier linear combiner for retrieving only the tremor data from the hand movement and random forest for actual recognition. We have evaluated our method on a database with 10 000 samples from 17 persons reaching an accuracy of 76%.
Synthesis of Polypyrrolinones on Solid Support (2000)

[reaction: see text] An efficient, three-step iterative synthesis of polypyrrolinones has been achieved on solid support, setting the stage for the construction of a wide variety of libraries based on the pyrrolinone scaffold. Central to the approach is an effective end-game sequence featuring pyrrolinone ring construction with traceless release from the solid support.
Control strategies for neurons modeled by self-exciting point processes (1995)

Experiments demonstrate that electric stimulation of the auditory nerve evokes responses, which are qualitatively different to those of normal hearing. A self-exciting point process model of the neural response is applied to explain and predict responses for both situations. For acoustic stimulation, the model predicts the initial responses to a tone, average firing rate, maximum firing rate, and the shape of the per-stimulus time histogram. The model also predicts the neural response to pulsatile electric stimulation. For applications such as cochlear implants, it would be beneficial if the acoustic and electric responses were more similar. The model is used to parametrize the response differences in each case and based on these parameters to design electrical stimuli, which cause a neuron to respond similarly to the normal hearing situation. Such stimuli should find application in advanced cochlear implants.
Drift-resilient cell-state metric for multilevel phase-change memory (2011)

A new cell-state metric is proposed for multilevel phase-change memory (PCM) that is more representative of the fundamental programmed entity, i.e., the amorphous/crystalline phase configuration in the PCM cell. This metric exhibits improved performance in terms of drift and better sensing resolution of cell states with a large amorphous-phase fraction when compared to the conventional low-field resistance metric. Experimental results using PCM test devices of mushroom type demonstrate the efficacy of the new metric.
Molecular Characterizations of Cytolethal Distending Toxin Produced by Providencia alcalifaciens Strains Isolated from Patients with Diarrhea (2012)

Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs), which block eukaryotic cell proliferation by acting as inhibitory cyclomodulins, are produced by diverse groups of Gram-negative bacteria. Active CDT is composed of three polypeptides--CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC--encoded by the genes cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, respectively. We developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for the detection and differentiation of five alleles of cdtB (Cdt-I through Cdt-V) in Escherichia coli and used the assay to investigate the prevalence and characteristic of CDT-producing E. coli in children with diarrhea (A. Hinenoya et al., Microbiol. Immunol. 53:206-215, 2009). In these assays, two untypable cdtB genes were detected and the organisms harboring the cdtB gene were identified as Providencia alcalifaciens (strains AH-31 and AS-1). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cdt gene cluster revealed that the cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes of P. alcalifaciens are of 750, 810, and 549 bp, respectively. To understand the possible horizontal transfer of the cdt genes among closely related species, the presence of cdt genes was screened in various Providencia spp. by colony hybridization assay, and the cdt gene cluster was found in only limited strains of P. alcalifaciens. Genome walking revealed that the cdt gene cluster of P. alcalifaciens is located adjacent to a putative transposase gene, suggesting the locus might be horizontally transferable. Interestingly, the CDT of P. alcalifaciens (PaCDT) showed some homology with the CDT of Shigella boydii. Whereas filter-sterilized lysates of strains AH-31 and AS-1 showed distention of CHO but not of HeLa cells, E. coli CDT-I exhibited distention of both cells. This activity of PaCDT was confirmed by generating recombinant PaCDT protein, which could also be neutralized by rabbit anti-PaCdtB antibody. Furthermore, recombinant PaCDT was found to induce G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and phosphorylation of host histone H2AX, a sensitive marker of DNA double-strand breaks. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that certain clinical P. alcalifaciens strains could produce variants of the CDTs compared.
Low-Density, Creep-Resistant Single-Crystal Superalloys (2006)

Several recently formulated nickel-base superalloys have been developed with excellent high-temperature creep resistance, at lower densities than those of currently used nickel-base superalloys. These alloys are the latest products of a continuing effort to develop alloys that have even greater strength-to-weight ratios, suitable for use in turbine blades of aircraft engines. Mass densities of turbine blades exert a significant effect on the overall weight of aircraft. For a given aircraft, a reduction in the density of turbine blades enables design reductions in the weight of other parts throughout the turbine rotor, including the disk, hub, and shaft, as well as supporting structures in the engine. The resulting total reduction in weight can be 8 to 10 times that of the reduction in weight of the turbine blades. The approach followed in formulating these alloys involved several strategies for identifying key alloying elements and the range of concentration of each element to study. To minimize the number of alloys needed to be cast, a design-of--experiments methodology was adopted. A statistics-based computer program that models the effects of varying compositions of four elements, including effects of two-way interactions between elements, was used to test all possible alloys within the design space. The starting points for the computational analysis were three alloy compositions mandated by engineering consensus. After likewise identification of key alloying elements to vary and the allowed ranges of concentrations, the computer program then selects a minimum number of alloys within the design space to allow determination of effects for all four elements and their interactions.
Recent Mechanistic Understanding of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Fe-Carbide (2023)

With an increase in energy consumption globally, Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a good alternative for producing fuels and chemicals from coal, natural gas or biomass. Among them, coal to liquids has been put into production in countries that have large coal reserves. In this process, Fe-based catalysts are commonly used due to their earth abundance, comparatively wide operation range and ready availability to handle low H2/CO ratio from coal. Despite their extensive applications, the kinetic and mechanistic understandings of Fe carburization and FT reaction on Fe-carbides are relatively limited due to the complexity of the phase composition of the applied catalysts. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of FT synthesis on Fe-carbide with an emphasis on the underlying mechanism. Specifically, the employment of a model catalyst, such as Raney Fe, could provide a convenient way to furnish kinetic information regarding Fe carburization and subsequent FT reaction. A major challenge for further understanding catalytic reactions occurring at the Fe-carbide surface is correlating FT activity and selectivity to a specific active site. To address this issue, the advancements of both DFT calculations and surface science techniques are highly demanded.
Antagonism of the Thromboxane‐Prostanoid Receptor as a Potential Therapy for Cardiomyopathy of Muscular Dystrophy (2019)

Background Muscular dystrophy (MD) causes a progressive cardiomyopathy characterized by diffuse fibrosis, arrhythmia, heart failure, and early death. Activation of the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TPr) increases calcium transients in cardiomyocytes and is proarrhythmic and profibrotic. We hypothesized that TPr activation contributes to the cardiac phenotype of MD, and that TPr antagonism would improve cardiac fibrosis and function in preclinical models of MD. Methods and Results Three different mouse models of MD (mdx/utrn double knockout, second generation mdx/mTR double knockout, and delta-sarcoglycan knockout) were given normal drinking water or water containing 25 mg/kg per day of the TPr antagonist ifetroban, beginning at weaning. After 6 months (10 weeks for mdx/utrn double knockout), mice were evaluated for cardiac and skeletal muscle function before euthanization. There was a 100% survival rate of ifetroban-treated mice to the predetermined end point, compared with 60%, 43%, and 90% for mdx/utrn double knockout, mdx/mTR double knockout, and delta-sarcoglycan knockout mice, respectively. TPr antagonism improved cardiac output in mdx/utrn double knockout and mdx/mTR mice, and normalized fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and other parameters in delta-sarcoglycan knockout mice. Cardiac fibrosis in delta-sarcoglycan knockout was reduced with TPr antagonism, which also normalized cardiac expression of claudin-5 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase proteins and multiple signature genes of Duchenne MD. Conclusions TPr antagonism reduced cardiomyopathy and spontaneous death in mouse models of Duchenne and limb-girdle MD. Based on these studies, ifetroban and other TPr antagonists could be novel therapeutics for treatment of the cardiac phenotype in patients with MD.
Exploration of intention expression for robots (2012)

This paper presents a novel exploration on how to enable a robot to express its intention so that the humans and robot can form a synergic relationship. A systematic design approach is proposed to obtain a set of possible intentions for a given robot from three levels of intentions. A visual intention expression system approach is developed to visualize the intentions and implemented on a mobile robot and a manipulator to demonstrate the intention expression concept.
Unique effects of Stat3 on the early phase of hematopoietic stem cell regeneration (2006)

Self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is key to their reconstituting ability, but the signaling pathways that regulate this process remain poorly understood. Here we show that transduction of adult mouse bone marrow cells with a constitutively activated form of Stat3 (Stat3-C) increased their regenerative activity in lethally irradiated recipients. Conversely, transduction of these cells with a dominant-negative form of Stat3 suppressed their regenerative activity. Serial transplantation and clonal tracking of the HSC progeny regenerated in vivo from STAT3-C-transduced HSCs demonstrated that the major effect of forced expression of STAT3-C was to enhance HSC self-renewal during the initial phase of hematopoietic recovery. This acquired potential for enhanced self-renewal divisions then became latent, but was reactivated when the cells were transferred to new irradiated recipients. Increased levels of activated STAT3 were also found to be associated with greater preservation of primitive hematopoietic cells in short-term cultures. These results indicate a novel biphasic regulation of HSC self-renewal in vivo in which activated STAT3 promotes HSC self-renewal under stimulated, but not homeostatic, conditions. STAT3 may thus be an important regulator of hematopoietic regeneration and a novel target for HSC engineering.
Overcoming the tradeoff between efficiency and bandwidth for vector vortex waveplates (2019)

Vector vortex waveplates offer distinct advantages compared to conventional light blocking components for coronagraphs due to their continuous structure, thinness, and transparency. They allow high contrast over a broad band in any spectral region for which the available anisotropic optical materials are transparent. We present opportunities of reducing in-band leakage of vector vortex waveplates to <;0.001% level, and improving the tradeoff between the spectral bandwidth and efficiency. Comparative analysis of different architectures of vector vortex waveplates is performed.
Digital holographic microscopy with dual-wavelength phase unwrapping (2006)

We apply the techniques of digital holography to obtain microscopic three-dimensional images of biological cells. The optical system is capable of microscopic holography with diffraction-limited resolution by projecting a magnified image of a microscopic hologram plane onto a CCD plane. Two-wavelength phase-imaging digital holography is applied to produce unwrapped phase images of biological cells. The method of three-wavelength phase imaging is proposed to extend the axial range and reduce the effect of phase noise. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of digital holography in high-resolution biological microscopy.
Catalytic hydrogenation of functionalized amides under basic and neutral conditions (2014)

A new, base-free high turnover number (TON) catalyst for hydrogenation of simple and functionalized amides is prepared by reacting [Ru(η<sup>3</sup>-C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)(Ph<sub>2</sub>P(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]BF<sub>4</sub> and BH<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> under hydrogen.
Critical experiment on a flux-trap-type hafnium control blade for BWRs (1987)

Boron carbide has been utilized as a neutron absorber in boiling water reactors (BWRs) and other types of reactors. It has a number of advantages, yet is not well suited for very high neutron exposure. An alternative long-lived control blade has therefore been sought. It is well known that hafnium may be best suited for this purpose, yet it has the disadvantage of heavy weight and low reactivity worth. This has been overcome by introducing a flux-trap-type all-hafnium control blade for BWRs. The blades are now involved in licensing procedures in some Japanese BWR plants.
Production of chemicals from food processing wastes using a novel fermenter separator. Technical progress report, January 1-March 31, 1986 (1986)

Fundamental engineering design and operational studies were performed on reactors and separators in the area of food processing waste fermentation. These studies evaluated the fermentation kinetics and nutritional requirement of immobilized cells, and examined different packing materials and energy efficient ethanol separation concentration and recovery methods, followed by the design and construction of a pilot plant reactor unit. These data will be used to develop process design models to aid in designing energy efficient and cost effective processes for conversion of food processing wastes into chemicals. 15 refs., 17 figs.