gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHF: The New Parathyroid Hypertensive Factor (1994)

Parathyroid Hypertensive Factor (PHF) was discovered in SHR rats as a circulating substance with a unique delayed (60-90 min) hypertensive effect when injected into a normotensive assay rat. Subsequently, this correlation with hypertension was established in humans, especially in low-renin, salt-sensitive patients. Animal model studies also confirmed this correlation. Endocrinectomy and glandular replacement studies suggested that the parathyroid gland was the source of PHF. Subsequently, glands and cells in culture were also shown to secrete the substance. Other studies verified the parathyroid origin of PHF. The mechanism of action of PHF was shown to rely mainly on the opening of L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells with an increase in [Ca2++]i. It is known that diseases other than hypertension often show increased [Ca2++]i and clinical features similar to hypertension, among them Type II diabetes. A recent study shows a correlation between circulating PHF level and Type II diabetes irrespective of the blood pressure status of the patient. It is suggested that PHF may be a [Ca++]i modulator, an excessive amount of which in the circulation may act on various target tissues, resulting in various disease symptoms with hypertension as an example. There may be many other such PHF-related diseases yet to be identified.
An Investigation of the Formation and Growth of Oxide-Embedded Silicon Nanocrystals in Hydrogen Silsesquioxane-Derived Nanocomposites (2007)

We report a detailed investigation into the formation of oxide-embedded Si nanocrystals formed during the thermally induced disproportionation of solid hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) in a reducing atmosphere. Silicon nanodomain size, crystallinity, composition, bonding structure, and photoluminescent response were evaluated as functions of processing temperature and time using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Our interpretation of data obtained from these analyses provides a basis for a multistep process that yields oxide-embedded Si nanocrystals of controlled structure, composition, and size.
Canine Parvovirus Types 2c and 2b Circulating in North American Dogs in 2006 and 2007 (2007)

Parvovirus is the most common viral cause of diarrhea in young puppies. Based on the analysis of a partial VP2 sequence of 54 samples, canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) (n = 26), CPV-2b (n = 25), and CPV-2 (n = 3) were detected in the United States. The American CPV-2b isolates have unique codons (494 and 572) in VP2.
Ordered end-to-end multicast for distributed multimedia systems (2005)

We address the problem of message ordering for reliable multicast communication. End-to-end multicast ordering is useful for ensuring the collective integrity and consistency of distributed operations. It is applicable for distributed multiparty collaboration or other multipoint applications, where the ordered reception of messages at all hosts is critical. Existing reliable multicast protocols largely lack support for ordering Our novel mechanism can be added to existing reliable multicast services at low cost by performing cascaded total ordering of messages among on-tree hosts en route from senders to receivers. The protocol operates directly on a given end-to-end multicast tree, contrasting other tree-based approaches requiring a separate propagation graph to be built to compute ordering information. For better load distribution, resilience, and ordered subcasting of messages within multicast groups, sequencer nodes are elected dynamically based on address extensions to hosts in the multicast tree. A taxonomy of broadcast and multicast ordering solutions and comparative cost analysis show that reliable message delivery integrated with staggered ordering in end-to-end multicast trees is more efficient, scalable, and less costly to deploy.
Elucidating CO <sub>2</sub> Chemisorption in Diamine-Appended Metal–Organic Frameworks (2018)

The widespread deployment of carbon capture and sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy could be facilitated by the development of more energy-efficient adsorbents. Diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks of the type diamine-M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobpdc<sup>4-</sup> = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) have shown promise for carbon-capture applications, although questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in these materials. Here we leverage the crystallinity and tunability of this class of frameworks to perform a comprehensive study of CO<sub>2</sub> chemisorption. Using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments and van-der-Waals-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations for 13 diamine-M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) variants, we demonstrate that the canonical CO<sub>2</sub> chemisorption products, ammonium carbamate chains and carbamic acid pairs, can be readily distinguished and that ammonium carbamate chain formation dominates for diamine-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) materials. In addition, we elucidate a new chemisorption mechanism in the material dmpn-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (dmpn = 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane), which involves the formation of a 1:1 mixture of ammonium carbamate and carbamic acid and accounts for the unusual adsorption properties of this material. Finally, we show that the presence of water plays an important role in directing the mechanisms for CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in diamine-M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) materials. Overall, our combined NMR and DFT approach enables a thorough depiction and understanding of CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption within diamine-M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) compounds, which may aid similar studies in other amine-functionalized adsorbents in the future.
Production of Boiling‐Stable Granular Resistant Starch by Partial Acid Hydrolysis and Hydrothermal Treatments of High‐Amylose Maize Starch (2001)

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present work was to examine whether partial acid hydrolysis (PAH) of a high‐amylose maize starch ( ae ‐VII) would enhance the effects of hydrothermal treatments to produce granular resistant starch (RS) that is stable to further heat treatment at atmospheric pressure. PAH ae ‐VII starches were prepared by heating 35% (w/v) suspensions with 1% (w/w) HCl at 25°C for 6, 30, and 78 hr. Native and PAH starches were then treated by annealing (ANN) or heat‐moisture treatment (HMT). ANN was done at 70% moisture at 50, 60, or 70°C for 24 hr, and HMT was done at 30% moisture at 100, 120, or 140°C for 80 min. RS that survives boiling during analysis was determined by a modification of the AOAC method for determining total dietary fiber. RS was also determined by the Englyst method. Little change in the gelatinization enthalpy was found for ae ‐VII starch after PAH, ANN, or HMT as individual treatments. After PAH, either ANN or HMT led to decreased gelatinization enthalpy. HMT and ANN alone increased boiling‐stable RS but decreased total RS. After PAH of ae ‐VII, either ANN or HMT tended to increase the yield of boiling‐stable granular RS, with the greatest yield (≤63.2%) observed for HMT.
Ticks produce highly selective chemokine binding proteins with antiinflammatory activity (2008)

Bloodsucking parasites such as ticks have evolved a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins that are secreted in their saliva, allowing them to feed for long periods of time without being detected by the host immune system. One possible strategy used by ticks to evade the host immune response is to produce proteins that selectively bind and neutralize the chemokines that normally recruit cells of the innate immune system that protect the host from parasites. We have identified distinct cDNAs encoding novel chemokine binding proteins (CHPBs), which we have termed Evasins, using an expression cloning approach. These CHBPs have unusually stringent chemokine selectivity, differentiating them from broader spectrum viral CHBPs. Evasin-1 binds to CCL3, CCL4, and CCL18; Evasin-3 binds to CXCL8 and CXCL1; and Evasin-4 binds to CCL5 and CCL11. We report the characterization of Evasin-1 and -3, which are unrelated in primary sequence and tertiary structure, and reveal novel folds. Administration of recombinant Evasin-1 and -3 in animal models of disease demonstrates that they have potent antiinflammatory properties. These novel CHBPs designed by nature are even smaller than the recently described single-domain antibodies (Hollinger, P., and P.J. Hudson. 2005. Nat. Biotechnol. 23:1126-1136), and may be therapeutically useful as novel antiinflammatory agents in the future.
Efficient soft-output GNSS signal parameter estimation using signal compression techniques (2006)

The direct implementation of the maximum likelihood estimator for the time-delay estimation problem is practically intractable for navigation signals due to its complexity, especially when due to multipath reception several superimposed replica are taken into account. In particular, the complexity arises from the evaluation of the likelihood, which requires operations upon a data set of many thousand samples for each code period of the received signal. Thus within conventional navigation receivers tracking loops are used for estimating the signal parameters. Recently it has been shown that signal compression techniques can overcome the problem of computational complexity, as the likelihood function can be formulated efficiently upon a reduced data set of much smaller size compared to the original data, where the reduced data set forms a sufficient statistic for the estimated signal parameters. As a consequence, the evaluation of the likelihood becomes feasible with moderate cost, which might enable a paradigm change in terms of information handover within the receivers, as much more information can be handed over from the signal parameter estimation part to the navigational part of the receiver. Within this paper a novel approach for integrating a conventional tracking loop with a likelihood evaluator is proposed. It is shown that for the single path estimation problem the parameter information can be kept recursively in a data set of small size in a sequential estimation procedure by using a bank of first order IIR filters. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by computer simulations. The results show that the conventional delay lock loop is outperformed with respect to noise performance as well as with respect to the multipath bias whilst providing capabilities with respect to multipath monitoring and mitigation.
Buprenorphine Suppresses Cocaine Self-Administration by Rhesus Monkeys (1989)

Cocaine abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, and the search for an effective pharmacotherapy continues. Because primates self-administer most of the drugs abused by humans, they can be used to predict the abuse liability of new drugs and for preclinical evaluation of new pharmacotherapies for drug abuse treatment. Daily administration of buprenorphine (an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist) significantly suppressed cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys for 30 consecutive days. The effects of buprenorphine were dose-dependent. The suppression of cocaine self-administration by buprenorphine did not reflect a generalized suppression of behavior. These data suggest that buprenorphine would be a useful pharmacotherapy for treatment of cocaine abuse. Because buprenorphine is a safe and effective pharmacotherapy for heroin dependence, buprenorphine treatment may also attenuate dual abuse of cocaine and heroin.
The Visual Computing of Projector‐Camera Systems (2008)

Abstract This article focuses on real‐time image correction techniques that enable projector‐camera systems to display images onto screens that are not optimized for projections, such as geometrically complex, coloured and textured surfaces. It reviews hardware‐accelerated methods like pixel‐precise geometric warping, radiometric compensation, multi‐focal projection and the correction of general light modulation effects. Online and offline calibration as well as invisible coding methods are explained. Novel attempts in super‐resolution, high‐dynamic range and high‐speed projection are discussed. These techniques open a variety of new applications for projection displays. Some of them will also be presented in this report.
Quantum wells and superlattices for III-V photovoltaics and photodetectors (2012)

Semiconductor quantum wells and superlattices have found numerous applications in optoelectronic devices, such as lasers, LEDs and SOAs, and are an increasingly common feature of high efficiency solar cells and photodetectors. In this paper we will highlight some of the recent developments in the use of low-dimensional III-V semiconductors to improve the performance of photovoltaics by tailoring the bandgap of the junction. We also discuss novel structures designed to maximize photo-generated carrier escape and the application of quantum confinement to other components of the solar cell, such as tunnel junctions. Recent developments in type-II superlattices for photodetectors will also be discussed, including the graded-gap LWIR device based on the W-structured superlattices demonstrated at the Naval Research Laboratory. Modeled results will be presented using the NRL BANDS<sup>TM</sup> integrated 8-band kp and Poisson solver, which was developed for computing the bandstructures of superlattice and multi-quantum well photodiodes
Overview of floating-gate devices, circuits, and systems (2001)

THIS Special Issue of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II is focused on circuits using floating-gate MOS transistors. These devices are well known from EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash memories. The primary principle is that the polysilicon gate of an MOS transistor completely wrapped in silicon dioxide maintains stored charge for a long time. Since the first report of floating-gate devices in 1967 [1], digital floating-gate circuits have developed into a mature technology present in every personal computer [2].
Automatically Identifying Known Software Problems (2007)

Re-occurrence of the same problem is very common in many large software products. By matching the symptoms of a new problem to those in a database of known problems, automated diagnosis and even self-healing for re-occurrences can be (partially) realized. This paper exploits function call stacks as highly structured symptoms of a certain class of problems, including crashes, hangs, and traps. We propose and evaluate algorithms for efficiently and accurately matching call stacks by a weighted metric of the similarity of their function names, after first removing redundant recursion and uninformative (poor discriminator) functions from those stacks. We also describe a new indexing scheme to speed queries to the repository of known problems, without compromising the quality of matches returned. Experiments conducted using call stacks from actual product problem reports demonstrate the improved accuracy (both precision and recall) resulting from our new stack-matching algorithms and removal of uninformative or redundant function names, as well as the performance and scalability improvements realized by indexing call slacks. We also discuss how call-stack matching can be used in both self-managing (or autonomic systems) and human "help desk" applications.
Traffic-Aware Backscatter Communications in Wireless-Powered Heterogeneous Networks (2018)

With the emerging Internet-of-Things services, massive machine-to-machine (M2M) communication will be deployed on top of human-to-human (H2H) communication in the near future. Due to the coexistence of M2M and H2H communications, the performance of M2M (i.e., secondary) networks depends largely on the H2H (i.e., primary) network. In this paper, we propose ambient backscatter communication for the M2M networks which exploits the energy (signal) sources of the H2H network, referring to its traffic applications and popularity. In order to maximize the harvesting and transmission opportunities offered by varying traffic sources of the H2H network, we adopt a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) learning algorithm to classify traffic applications (patterns) for secondary transmitters (STs). We then analyze the performance of STs using the stochastic geometric approach, based on a criterion for optimal traffic selection. Because of the mathematical intractability of the optimal criterion, we have attained a suboptimal traffic selection criterion which provides more tractable analysis. Results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed BNP classification algorithm and the criterion, as well as the impact of traffic sources and popularity.
Decoupled three-phase load flow method for unbalanced distribution systems (2012)

This paper proposes a decoupled three-phase load flow analysis method for unbalanced distribution systems. The power flows are solved through nodal current injection mismatch equations written in rectangular coordinates. The voltage changes resulting from nodal current injection mismatches and nodal admittance matrix have been decoupled into one contribution from the real part, conductance matrix, and the other contribution from the imaginary part, susceptance matrix. The method determines voltage changes resulting from conductance and susceptance matrices respectively, and determines the voltages of a node as a linear combination of those voltage changes. The relative contributions are determined based on the diagonals of the conductance and susceptance matrices. The constant active power and voltage magnitude(PV) nodes have been converted into constant active and reactive power(PQ) ones based on a sensitivity matrix determined through Kron reduction of the nodal admittance matrix, and the corresponding reactive powers are adjusted after each solution has converged. The zero-impedance branches are merged with adjacent impedance branches, and the three phases of a balanced-voltage PV bus are merged into one single-phase PV bus to be modeled in the nodal admittance matrix. Numerical examples on IEEE 37 node test feeder and IEEE 123 node test feeder are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The influence of diluent gas on the XeF laser (1977)

Substitution of neon for argon as the diluent gas in electron-beam-pumped XeF lasers allows increased optical extraction energies of 2.8 J l−1 and efficiencies of 1.8%. The improved performance in neon diluent is due to a reduction of the optical absorption in the laser medium which occurs at the laser wavelength. This optical absorption is shown to be present when the rare gases along are irradiated.
Novel SG1-Based Water-Soluble Alkoxyamine for Nitroxide-Mediated Controlled Free-Radical Polymerization of Styrene and <i>n</i>-Butyl Acrylate in Miniemulsion (2004)

Nitroxide-mediated controlled free-radical polymerizations of n-butyl acrylate and styrene were performed in miniemulsion using, for the first time, a water-soluble SG1-based alkoxyamine as an initiator. For n-butyl acrylate, polymerizations exhibited all the features of a controlled system. In particular, the initiator efficiency was high, indicating an extensive entry in the monomer droplets of all of the oligoradicals generated in the aqueous phase. The efficiency, however, was not high for styrene homopolymerization, which was explained by a highly pronounced persistent radical effect, leading to a large proportion of dead oligomers, to a large concentration of free nitroxide, and thus to a too slow chain growth in the aqueous phase. Nevertheless, the addition of a very small amount of methyl acrylate strongly enhanced the entry rate, as a consequence of a favorable kinetic effect due to appropriate copolymerization conditions.
Long QT Syndrome-associated Mutations in the S4-S5 Linker of KvLQT1 Potassium Channels Modify Gating and Interaction with minK Subunits (1999)

Long QT syndrome is an inherited disorder of cardiac repolarization caused by mutations in cardiac ion channel genes, including KVLQT1. In this study, the functional consequences of three long QT-associated missense mutations in KvLQT1 (R243C, W248R, E261K) were characterized using the Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system and two-microelectrode voltage clamp techniques. These mutations are located in or near the intracellular linker between the S4 and S5 transmembrane domains, a region implicated in activation gating of potassium channels. The E261K mutation caused loss of function and did not interact with wild-type KvLQT1 subunits. R243C or W248R KvLQT1 subunits formed functional channels, but compared with wild-type KvLQT1 current, the rate of activation was slower, and the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation was shifted to more positive potentials. Co expression of minK and KvLQT1 channel subunits induces a slow delayed rectifier K(+) current, I(Ks), characterized by slow activation and a markedly increased magnitude compared with current induced by KvLQT1 subunits alone. Coexpression of minK with R243C or W248R KvLQT1 subunits suppressed current, suggesting that coassembly of mutant subunits with minK prevented normal channel gating. The decrease in I(Ks) caused by loss of function or altered gating properties explains the prolonged QT interval and increased risk of arrhythmia and sudden death associated with these mutations in KVLQT1.
A micro-scale plasma spectrometer for space and plasma edge applications (invited) (2016)

A plasma spectrometer design based on advances in lithography and microchip stacking technologies is described. A series of curved plate energy analyzers, with an integrated collimator, is etched into a silicon wafer. Tests of spectrometer elements, the energy analyzer and collimator, were performed with a 5 keV electron beam. The measured collimator transmission and energy selectivity were in good agreement with design targets. A single wafer element could be used as a plasma processing or fusion first wall diagnostic.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (2019)

Since its discovery, GLP-1 has emerged as a pleiotropic hormone with a myriad of metabolic functions that go well beyond its classical identification as an incretin hormone. The numerous beneficial effects of GLP-1 render this hormone an interesting candidate for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Reservoir Simulation of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers (2004)

Abstract We present the results of compositional reservoir simulation of a prototypical CO2 sequestration project in a deep saline aquifer. The objective was to better understand and quantify estimates of the most important CO2 storage mechanisms under realistic physical conditions. Simulations of a few decades of CO2 injection followed by 103 to 105 years of natural gradient flow were done. The impact of several parameters was studied, including average permeability, the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability, residual gas saturation, salinity, temperature, aquifer dip angle, permeability heterogeneity and mineralization. The storage of CO2 in residual gas emerges as a potentially very significant issue meriting further study. Under some circumstances this form of immobile storage can be larger than storage in brine and minerals.