gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermionic emission from defective carbon nanotubes (2004)

Using a nanomanipulation system contained within a scanning electron microscope we investigate the thermionic electron emission from multiwall carbon nanotubes. Peak emission currents of 65nA are measured. The carbon nanotubes being grown at low temperature by the chemical vapor deposition method are defective with poor thermal conductivity. We believe it is crucial for the thermal conductivity to be poor in order to obtain significant thermionic emission from the carbon nanotubes. This allows for the carbon nanotube during electron emission to be at high temperatures, and thus give higher emission efficiencies. At the highest emission current levels we estimate the temperature of the nanotubes to be approximately 2900K.
TNF-<i>alpha</i> and IFN-<i>gamma</i> stimulate a macrophage precursor cell line to kill <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in a nitric oxide-independent manner. (1994)

Macrophages are important effector cells for resolving infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. However, not all macrophages have the ability to kill this organism. Certain factors, such as cytokines, are apparently required for induction of macrophage bactericidal activity. In vivo studies have shown that both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma play important roles in resistance against Listeria. Yet whether they act directly on macrophages has been difficult to determine, because homogeneous populations of cells that can be induced to express microbicidal activity have not been available. Instead, bactericidal macrophages are typically found in heterogeneous exudates, such as those elicited by inflammatory agents. In this study we show that sequential stimulation with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induces the nonphagocytic, nonbactericidal mouse macrophage precursor hybrid cell line W1C3 to phagocytose and kill Listeria efficiently. This provides the first direct evidence that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are both necessary and sufficient to induce macrophages to kill Listeria, and that they act directly on macrophages. Data presented here also show that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced the macrophages to produce large amounts of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), but complete inhibition of RNI generation did not decrease bactericidal activity. This indicates that induction of listericidal activity in these cells does not require generation of RNI. Taken together, these findings suggest that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma act in synergy directly on at least some macrophages to induce them to express listericidal activity in a RNI-independent manner.
Tool Support to Model-based Quality Analysis of Software Architecture (2006)

This paper presents an automated software tool SQUARE (software quality and architecture modelling environment). It is designed and implemented to support the analysis of software quality from software architectural designs. The tool is based on a model-based method and follows a structured process to systematically derive quality models from software architectural designs by adapting and applying the principles of system hazard analysis. Through identification of potential quality hazards and their consequences, the quality related properties of the components and connectors and the causal relationships between them are derived and then translated into a quality model represented in a graphical notation. The tool enables automated analysis of the quality models in the graphical notation to recognize a number of types of software quality features including quality sensitive components, quality risks and quality trade-off points, etc. A case study with a real e-commerce system is also reported
Long-Term Electron Leakage Mechanisms Through ONO Interpoly Dielectric in Stacked-Gate EEPROM Cells (2004)

Analyzing the measured shift rate of cell threshold-voltage, we have studied the long-term electron leakage mechanisms through an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) interpoly dielectric, which causes reliability problems due to the degradation of the data retention characteristics in the stacked-gate Flash EEPROM devices. The cell threshold-voltage shifts were measured as a function of bake time at various temperatures by the high-temperature accelerated test. Based on the experimental results, a new empirical model was developed and evaluated. It can explain the dominant mechanisms for the spontaneous charge leakage through an ONO interpoly dielectric for the long-term phase. The model clearly shows that cell threshold-voltage shifts during the baking test are caused predominantly by the thermally activated direct-tunneling when electrons, after escaping from the internitride trap-sites near the top oxide of ONO layer by the thermionic emission mechanism, finally tunnel through the thin top oxide to the control gate. This interpretation is strongly supported by the V/sub T/-shift and temperature dependence of the V/sub T/-shift rate, showing that the simulation results are well fit to the experimental data.
Rapid Identification of E. coli Bacteriophages using Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Objective: The current increasing interest in the application of mass spectrometry, in particular MALDI-TOF MS, to identification of bacteria and fungi calls for a need to utilise this technology for identification of other infectious agents such as viruses. The aim of the present study was to develop a rapid and reliable mass spectrometry-based proteomic method for identification of Escherichia coli phages. Methods: The approach was based on rapid in-solution tryptic digestion of suspensions of plaque-purified bacteriophage followed by mass spectral analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to analyse the tryptic digests. Processing of tandem mass spectrometry data and interpretation of results were achieved using Mascot software and the Swiss-Prot database. Results: Five bacteriophage species (Enterobacteria phages P2, T4, T5, T7 and Lambda) isolated in E. coli cultures were identified. The viral proteins were identified from a complex mixture of host bacterial proteins. In addition, using a single ion monitoring method, a Lambda prophage derived protein was also identified. Conclusion: The data obtained demonstrate that LC-MS/MS can be used for accurate identification of E.coli- specific bacteriophages in both lytic and lysogenic cycles
Hi-COVIDNet (2020)

The escalating crisis of COVID-19 has put people all over the world in danger. Owing to the high contagion rate of the virus, COVID-19 cases continue to increase globally. To further suppress the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and minimize its damage, it is imperative that each country monitors inbound travelers. Moreover, given that resources for quarantine are often limited, they must be carefully allocated. In this paper, to aid in such allocation by predicting the number of inbound COVID-19 cases, we propose Hi-COVIDNet, which takes advantage of the geographic hierarchy. Hi-COVIDNet is based on a neural network with two-level components, namely, country-level and continent-level encoders, which understand the complex relationships among foreign countries and derive their respective contagion risk to the destination country. An in-depth case study in South Korea with real-world COVID-19 datasets confirmed the effectiveness and practicality of Hi-COVIDNet.
A new speech training system for profoundly deaf children (1988)

A new speech training system based on a personal computer has been developed. Monitoring of the articulatory movements and speech sounds of individuals was accomplished using five sensors: a microphone, a neck sensor for vocal cord vibration, a nose sensor for nasal sound, an expiratory airflow sensor, and a tongue position sensor. Signals from these sensors were processed in real time by a DSP to extract ten training parameters that are useful for prosodic or phonemic training. These parameters were transferred to an MSX personal computer every 10 ms and were displayed on a color CRT screen together with a training model in front of which the trainee repeatedly practices his speech. Such training was conducted for profoundly deaf children (aged 4–6) for 2 years at the School for the Deaf, University of Tsukuba, and has been enthusiastically accepted and used. After 2 years of this training, remarkable improvements in the intelligibility of monosyllables were attained that had not been attained by conventional methods.
Bending Rigid Molecular Rods: Formation of Oligoproline Macrocycles (2012)

Bent but not broken: cyclic oligoprolines are accessed in a reaction that effectively bends rigid oligoproline peptides (see scheme; TBDMS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl). The stitching is accomplished during macrocyclization enabled by aziridine aldehydes and isocyanides. Molecular modeling studies suggest that electrostatic attraction between the termini of the linear peptide is pivotal for macrocyclization. The macrocycles were studied by circular dichroism with a polyproline II structure being observed in larger macrocycles.
Lateral photovoltaic effect in flexible free-standing reduced graphene oxide film for self-powered position-sensitive detection (2016)

Lightweight, simple and flexible self-powered photodetectors are urgently required for the development and application of advanced optical systems for the future of wearable electronic technology. Here, using a low-temperature reduction process, we report a chemical approach for producing freestanding monolithic reduced graphene oxide papers with different gradients of the carbon/oxygen concentration ratio. We also demonstrate a novel type of freestanding monolithic reduced graphene oxide self-powered photodetector based on a symmetrical metal-semiconductor-metal structure. Upon illumination by a 633-nm continuous wave laser, the lateral photovoltage is observed to vary linfearly with the laser position between two electrodes on the reduced graphene oxide surface. This result may suggest that the lateral photovoltaic effect in the reduced graphene oxide film originates from the built-in electric field by the combination of both the photothermal electric effect and the gradient of the oxygen-to-carbon composition. These results represent substantial progress toward novel, chemically synthesized graphene-based photosensors and suggest one-step integration of graphene-based optoelectronics in the future.
Reconfigurable Metasurface Lens Thin Antenna with 3-State Unit Cells in 28-GHz Band (2019)

This article presents a metasurface lens thin antenna in 28-GHz band for continuously beam scanning. It comprises a 20×20 array of 3-state unit cells and a slot source as first radiator. In unit cell design, PIN diodes are used to obtain phase states switching. The cascaded structure achieves 360° phase shift coverage with 0°/100°/200° phase states. The antenna aperture size is 100mm×100mm with 40mm height. In full wave simulation, a maximum gain of 23.2dBi and ±40° beam steering angle with over 20.0dBi gain are obtained.
Dense 3D reconstruction from two spherical images via optical flow-based equirectangular epipolar rectification (2016)

In this research, a technique for dense 3D reconstruction from two spherical images clicked at displaced positions near a large structure is formulated. The technique is based on the use of global variational information i.e. the dense optical flow field in a unique rectification based refinement of the epipolar geometry between the two images in a vertically displaced orientation. A non-linear minimization is used to globally align the 2D equirectangular optical flow field (i.e. pixel displacements). The magnitude component of the resultant optical flow field can directly be converted to a dense 3D reconstruction. Thus, the epipolar geometry as well as the 3D structure can be estimated in a single minimization. This method could be useful in measurement and reconstruction of large structures such as bridges, etc. using a robot equipped with a spherical camera, thus helping in their inspection and maintenance.
Biological sample collector (2023)

A biological sample collector is adapted to a collect several biological samples in a plurality of filter wells. A biological sample collector may comprise a manifold plate for mounting a filter plate thereon, the filter plate having a plurality of filter wells therein; a hollow slider for engaging and positioning a tube that slides therethrough; and a slide case within which the hollow slider travels to allow the tube to be aligned with a selected filter well of the plurality of filter wells, wherein when the tube is aligned with the selected filter well, the tube is pushed through the hollow slider and into the selected filter well to sealingly engage the selected filter well and to allow the tube to deposit a biological sample onto a filter in the bottom of the selected filter well. The biological sample collector may be portable.
[Mechanisms and applications of oral tolerance]. (1999)

The term oral tolerance (OT) describes the antigen-specific suppression of immune responses following the feeding of the antigen. While some common features with other forms of induction of systemic tolerance have been disclosed, OT can be distinguished by certain immunologic characteristics. Thus, work in experimental animal models revealed the importance of intestinal antigen processing, especially antigen processing in the Peyer's patches, in inducing OT. It has become clear that suppressive T cell cytokines derived from mucosal sites play a major role in mediating OT. The variation of the dose of fed antigen and the modulation of the cytokine milieu both have influences on the underlying immunologic mechanisms active suppression, clonal anergy and clonal deletion following oral antigen uptake. In several animal models of autoimmunity the disease activity can be suppressed by feeding oral autoantigen. Based on these results, recent clinical studies have begun to explore OT as a means to treat autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes.
The SEMAINE Database: Annotated Multimodal Records of Emotionally Colored Conversations between a Person and a Limited Agent (2011)

SEMAINE has created a large audiovisual database as a part of an iterative approach to building Sensitive Artificial Listener (SAL) agents that can engage a person in a sustained, emotionally colored conversation. Data used to build the agents came from interactions between users and an "operator” simulating a SAL agent, in different configurations: Solid SAL (designed so that operators displayed an appropriate nonverbal behavior) and Semi-automatic SAL (designed so that users' experience approximated interacting with a machine). We then recorded user interactions with the developed system, Automatic SAL, comparing the most communicatively competent version to versions with reduced nonverbal skills. High quality recording was provided by five high-resolution, high-framerate cameras, and four microphones, recorded synchronously. Recordings total 150 participants, for a total of 959 conversations with individual SAL characters, lasting approximately 5 minutes each. Solid SAL recordings are transcribed and extensively annotated: 6-8 raters per clip traced five affective dimensions and 27 associated categories. Other scenarios are labeled on the same pattern, but less fully. Additional information includes FACS annotation on selected extracts, identification of laughs, nods, and shakes, and measures of user engagement with the automatic system. The material is available through a web-accessible database.
Honey bee products and their polyphenolic compounds in treatment of diabetes. (2008)

Free radicals have been implicated in playing a role in over 100 diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflamatory bowel disease, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, macular degeneration, cataract, periodontal disease and other inflammatory processes. There is growing recognition that many polyphenolic compounds presents in most plants and bee products such as honey, propolis and pollen, may have beneficial effect on human health. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory research of bee products, phytochemicals and their flavonoids and other antioxidants suggest their use in the prevention and treatment of number of diseases, including diabetes. This paper reviews the relationship of connections between flavonoids present in bee products and plants and diabetes/obesity based on various in vivo and in vitro studies. It also describes current understandings of the possible mechanisms of influence of flavonoids and multiple beneficial effects in combating diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Taken together, this information provides a basis for multimodal therapeutic effects of bee products, plants and related flavonoids on diabetes. Finally, this article presents an overview of various aspect of the pathobiology of diabetes mellitus and an ability of molecular approach in treatment of it.
Portfolio Selection in a Lognormal Market When the Investor has a Power Utility Function (1976)

Multiasset portfolio selection models stated in terms of the expected utility criterion generally require the evaluation of multiple integrals. This reality has severely hindered attempts towards the development of computation methods to determine optimal portfolio allocations when there are a large number of assets. Aside from special cases, expected utility is not convergent into a simple closed form; the complexity from the point of view of computation is then perhaps most easily appreciated if one realizes that every iteration in a nonlinear program demands the estimation of several integrals (see Ziemba [23] for details). Such calculations are extremely costly when the number of assets is large. It is, consequently, of interest to approximate the expected utility function by a function which is easier to optimize over the set of feasible portfolios.
Recent advances in conventional and gain clamped semiconductor optical amplifiers (1996)

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) has been early recognised as being of great interest for many kind of applications in future optical networks. However, despite the large effort of research carried out worldwide, one could think that SOA has not kept all its promises since it is not still introduced in operating systems. It turns out now that SOA was a rather complex device to develop and required new advances which have taken some time to emerge. However, to day SOAs show performances which would be considered unthinkable 4 years ago. These improvements in performances are not only due to the progress of technology but also to the emergence of new concepts. Three important concepts have been introduced during the 5 past years in the field of SOA and have contributed to the take off of their performances.
Group V interdiffusion in In/sub 0.66/Ga/sub 0.33/As/ In/sub 0.66/Ga/sub 0.33/As/sub 0.7/P/sub 0.3/ quantum well structures (2002)

The diffusion coefficient for arsenic and phosphorous interdiffusion has been measured as a function of temperature in In/sub 0.66/Ga/sub 0.33/As/ In/sub 0.66/Ga/sub 0.33/As/sub 0.7/P/sub 0.3/ strained quantum wells, using the photoluminescence from the n = 1 electron to heavy hole transition. The authors have used the shift in the photoluminescence from a 100/spl Aring/ single quantum well of In/sub 0.66/Ga/sub 0.33/As in In/sub 0.66/Ga/sub 0.33/As/sub 0.7/P/sub 0.3/ barriers with annealing to monitor the interdiffusion. In this system there is no concentration gradient to drive group III interdiffusion and therefore the variation in the photoluminescence transition energy was modeled using only phosphorous/arsenic interdiffusion in the model. By performing several anneals to a single sample and measuring the shift in the photoluminescence after each anneal the interdiffusion was monitored as a function of time. Between temperatures of 900/spl deg/C and 700/spl deg/C the diffusion coefficient, D, can be described using the relationship D = D/sub o/exp(-E/sub A//kT) where D/sub o/ = 507 cm/sup 2//s and E/sub A/ = 3.9 eV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acid‐Base Interactions during Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion (1994)

The role of acid-base interactions during coordinated acinar and duct cell secretion in the exocrine pancreas is described. The sequence of acid-base events may be summarized as follows: (1) Sorting of secretory proteins and membrane components into the regulated secretory pathway of pancreatic acinar cells is triggered by acid- and calcium-induced aggregation and association mechanisms located in the trans-Golgi network. (2) Cholecystokinin-stimulated exocytosis in acinar cells releases the acidic contents of secretory granules into the acinar lumen. (3) Secretin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion from duct and duct-like cells neutralizes the acidic pH of exocytic contents, which leads to dissociation of protein aggregates and solubilization of (pro)enzymes within the acinar lumen. (4) Stimulated fluid secretion transports solubilized enzymes through the ductal system. (5) Further alkalinization of acinar lumen pH accelerates the enzymatic cleavage of the glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol anchor associated with GP2 and thus releases the GP2/proteoglycan matrix from lumenal membranes, a process that appears to be required for vesicular retrieval of granule membranes from the apical plasma membrane and their reuse in the secretory process. We conclude that the central function of bicarbonate secretion by centroacinar and duct cells in the pancreas is to neutralize and then alkalinize the pH of the acinar lumen, sequential process that are required for (a) solubilization of secreted proteins and (b) cellular retrieval of granule membranes, respectively.
Gray and color image contrast enhancement by the curvelet transform (2003)

We present in this paper a new method for contrast enhancement based on the curvelet transform. The curvelet transform represents edges better than wavelets, and is therefore well-suited for multiscale edge enhancement. We compare this approach with enhancement based on the wavelet transform, and the Multiscale Retinex. In a range of examples, we use edge detection and segmentation, among other processing applications, to provide for quantitative comparative evaluation. Our findings are that curvelet based enhancement out-performs other enhancement methods on noisy images, but on noiseless or near noiseless images curvelet based enhancement is not remarkably better than wavelet based enhancement.
Enhancing CNF performance for 5G core network using SR-IOV in Kubernetes (2022)

Cloud-native containerization is replacing Virtual Machine (VM) as the preferred method of application deployment. However, the network requirements involved, including high performance and low latency, prove to be a barrier to the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) telecommunication applications. Cloud-native Function (CNF) enables network functionalities to run in containers instead of on traditional bare-metal servers. The success of integrating Single Root Input/Output Virtualization (SR-IOV) into Network Function Virtualization (NFV) on VMs has motivated our research into using SR-IOV in CNF, in order to address the strict network demands. When applied to the Charging Function (CHF) in the Cloud-native 5G architecture, our solution resulted in a 30% increase in network throughput, compared to the Kubernetes deployment using Calico. Therefore, SR-IOV and CPU-Pinning have shown potential in optimizing the performance of Cloud-native container-based applications.