gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane‐Based Self‐Powered Triboelectric Sensors for Pressure Change Detection and Its Uses in Security Surveillance and Healthcare Monitoring (2014)

A new membrane‐based triboelectric sensor (M‐TES) is presented as a self‐powered pressure change sensor. It generates a voltage induced by surface triboelectric charges in response to an air pressure change. Extremely high detection resolutions of 0.34 Pa and 0.16 Pa are achieved when the air pressure increases and decreases in a small region away from the ambient standard atmosphere pressure, respectively, indicating an excellent sensitivity. By integrating the M‐TES with a signal processing unit, we demonstrate practical applications of the device in sensing footsteps, respirations, and heartbeat, which suggests widespread use of the M‐TES in fields of security surveillance, chemical engineering, geography research, environment monitoring, and personal healthcare.
Novel forksheet device architecture as ultimate logic scaling device towards 2nm (2019)

To compensate for expected gate pitch scaling slowdown below 42nm, several scaling boosters are needed to reduce the logic standard cell height (CH). However, limited scaling benefits can be achieved using FinFET and Gate all around (GAA) nanosheets (NSHs) due integration limits in achieving tight PMOS to NMOS (PN) separation. Therefore, a novel forksheet (FSH) device architecture is proposed achieving extremely scaled PN space using limited additional processing complexity. The FSH achieves 10% frequency increase at iso-power and 24% power reduction at iso-frequency compared to GAA nanosheet with a combined area scaling of 20%. SRAM bit cell area scaling of 30% and read delay performance increase is shown.
Permanent Porosity in the Room-Temperature Magnet and Magnonic Material V(TCNE)<sub>2</sub> (2023)

Materials that simultaneously exhibit permanent porosity and high-temperature magnetic order could lead to advances in fundamental physics and numerous emerging technologies. Herein, we show that the archetypal molecule-based magnet and magnonic material V(TCNE)<sub>2</sub> (TCNE = tetracyanoethylene) can be desolvated to generate a room-temperature microporous magnet. The solution-phase reaction of V(CO)<sub>6</sub> with TCNE yields V(TCNE)<sub>2</sub>·0.95CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, for which a characteristic temperature of <i>T</i>* = 646 K is estimated from a Bloch fit to variable-temperature magnetization data. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure affords the activated compound V(TCNE)<sub>2</sub>, which exhibits a <i>T</i>* value of 590 K and permanent microporosity (Langmuir surface area of 850 m<sup>2</sup>/g). The porous structure of V(TCNE)<sub>2</sub> is accessible to the small gas molecules H<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, ethane, and ethylene. While V(TCNE)<sub>2</sub> exhibits thermally activated electron transfer with O<sub>2</sub>, all the other studied gases engage in physisorption. The <i>T</i>* value of V(TCNE)<sub>2</sub> is slightly modulated upon adsorption of H<sub>2</sub> (<i>T</i>* = 583 K) or CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>T</i>* = 596 K), while it decreases more significantly upon ethylene insertion (<i>T</i>* = 459 K). These results provide an initial demonstration of microporosity in a room-temperature magnet and highlight the possibility of further incorporation of small-molecule guests, potentially even molecular qubits, toward future applications.
OFDM design considerations using the HF fading channel (1995)

Investigates the design parameters of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal and relates these to the transmission characteristics of the HF ionospheric channel. OFDM is essentially a parallel modem technique where a number of carriers are transmitted and phase modulated each with a low symbol rate. Similar systems have been used at HF for some years. Carriers are orthogonally spaced thereby avoiding intersymbol interference. Using the IFFT/FFT pair for modulation and demodulation, orthogonality between the carriers is implicit, the frequency separation between them being 1/T/sub S/ where T/sub S/ is the symbol period. The digital audio broadcast (DAB) standard uses OFDM with differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK). This provides a good compromise between spectral efficiency and a low symbol error rate with a low signal to noise ratio. The DAB system is designed to alleviate the undesirable effects of multipath encountered by mobile receivers operating at VHF and UHF frequencies.
A Pilot Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind Phase I Trial of the Novel SIRT1 Activator SRT2104 in Elderly Volunteers (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00964340.
A Wide-Angle Scanning and Low Sidelobe Level Microstrip Phased Array Based on Genetic Algorithm Optimization (2015)

In order to obtain a wide-angle scanning and low sidelobe level (SLL) microstrip phased array with a finite metal ground, a novel microstrip phased array based on microstrip magnetic dipole is presented in this communication. Microstrip magnetic dipoles are employed as the driven elements in the phased array. Meanwhile, coupling patches are embedded between the adjacent driven elements, and coupling energy is transferred between driven elements by the coupling patches. Strong coupling has been constructed between elements as the driven element spacing is only about <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${0}.\text{35}\; {\lambda}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . With the influence of adjacent elements, the 3-dB beamwidth (BW) of each active element can reach over <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm \text{80}^\circ $</tex-math></inline-formula> in the elevation plane. From simulation and measurement, the main lobe scanning ranges of an 8-element and a 16-element phased arrays can both extend over <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm \text{80}^\circ $</tex-math></inline-formula> in the elevation plane with a gain fluctuation less than 3 dB. Furthermore, in order to keep the SLL low in the scanning, especially at the low elevation angles, genetic algorithm (GA) has been used, and the SLL has been decreased to the value of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$- \text{9}\;\text{dB}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in the full scanning range of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm \text{77}^\circ $</tex-math></inline-formula> for the eight-element array.
A co-design approach for accelerated SQL query processing via FPGA-based data filtering (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel co-designed architecture for high throughput database query processing. It consists of a highly configurable FPGA-based filter chain with arithmetic operation support and an alignment unit. This feeds the filtered data directly and in a cache-optimized way to embedded processors which are responsible for joining tables and post processing. High throughput interfaces and parallelism of FPGA implementations are thus combined in order to provide reduced and cache-aligned data for optimized processor access. As a key component, we introduce a new highly configurable bloom filter cascade to relieve a processor of time-consuming hash-value computation and to significantly reduce the data for hash joins. It is shown that this unique approach may reduce the amount of data to be processed by the processors in typical data-warehouse applications by several orders of magnitude. The proposed co-design has been implemented on the embedded low-energy system-on-chip (SoC) platform Xilinx Zynq. Performance results for standard benchmarks show an up to 10 x higher throughput compared to a full featured x86-based processor at only a fraction of energy consumption.
Characteristics of Fabricated Neutron Detectors Based on a SiC Semiconductor (2011)

Wide-band-gap semiconductors such as SiC, AlN, and GaN are promising materials for harsh environment applications due to their high-temperature operation capability. Two types of PIN-type semiconductor neutron detectors based on SiC were designed and fabricated for nuclear power plant (NPP) applications such an in-core reactor neutron flux monitoring and safeguarding nuclear materials. One is for fast neutron detection and the other, which was evaporated with 6LiF, is for thermal neutron detection. In this study, preliminary tests, such as the determination of I-V and alpha responses, were performed. Reaction probabilities with respect to neutron energies were also calculated by using an MCNPX code for comparison with the experimental results. Responses of the neutrons were measured at the Ex-core Neutron irradiation Facility (ENF) of the High-flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor (HANARO) research reactor at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Pulse height spectra and count rates were measured with respect to the neutron fluxes from 1:6 × 106 n/cm2·s to 1:9 × 107 n/cm2·s. Also, a 0.99 root-mean-square value of linearity against the fluxes to the count rates was obtained with the fabricated neutron detectors. For a thermal neutron detector, a 3.3% detection efficiency was obtained.
Semantic Segmentation using Adversarial Networks (2016)

Adversarial training has been shown to produce state of the art results for generative image modeling. In this paper we propose an adversarial training approach to train semantic segmentation models. We train a convolutional semantic segmentation network along with an adversarial network that discriminates segmentation maps coming either from the ground truth or from the segmentation network. The motivation for our approach is that it can detect and correct higher-order inconsistencies between ground truth segmentation maps and the ones produced by the segmentation net. Our experiments show that our adversarial training approach leads to improved accuracy on the Stanford Background and PASCAL VOC 2012 datasets.
EPE improvement thru self-alignment via multi-color material integration (2017)

As the industry marches on onto the 5nm node and beyond, scaling has slowed down, with all major IDMs & foundries predicting a 3-4 year cadence for scaling. A major reason for this slowdown is not the technical challenge of making features smaller, but effective control of variation that creeps in to the fabrication process. That variability manifests itself as edge placement error (EPE), which has a direct impact on wafer yield. Simply defined as the variance between design intent vs. actual on-wafer results, EPE is one of the foremost challenges being faced by the industry at the advanced node for both logic and memory. This is especially critical at three stages: the front end of line (FEOL) STI patterning; middle of line (MOL) contact patterning; and back end of line (BEOL) trench patterning where the desired tight pitch demands EPE control beyond the capability of 193i multi-patterning or even EUV single pattern. In order to mitigate this EPE challenge, we are proposing self-alignment of blocks & cuts through a multi-color materials integration concept. This approach, termed as “Self-aligned block or Cut (SAB or SACut)”, simply trades off the un-manageable overlay requirement into a more manageable etch selectivity challenge, by having multiple materials filled in every other trench or line. <br/> <br/> In this paper we will introduce self-alignment based block and cut strategies using multi-color materials integration and show implementation for BEOL trench block patterning. We will present a breakdown of the key unit process challenges that were needed to be resolved for enabling the self-alignment such as: (a) material selection of multi-color approach; (b) planarization of spin on materials; (c) void-free gap fill for high aspect ratio features; and last but not the least, (c) etch selectivity of etching one material with respect to all other materials exposed. Further, we will present a comparison of our new self-alignment approach with standard approaches where we will articulate the advantages in terms of EPE relaxation and mask number reduction. We will conclude our talk with a brief snapshot of the future direction of our EPE improvement strategies and our view on the future of patterning beyond 5nm node for the industry.
Management of Bone Bleeding During Surgery and Its Impact on the Incidence of Post-Operative Osteomyelitis (2012)

Management of Bone Bleeding During Surgery and Its Impact on the Incidence of Post-Operative Osteomyelitis
[Phosphate adsorption characteristics onto the sediments from shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River]. (2005)

Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of phosphate onto the 11 sediments taken from shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were determined in laboratory, and the effect of physical and chemical properties of the sediments on its phosphate adsorption characteristics was also analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) The process of phosphate adsorption onto sediments mainly occurred within 0-10 h, the maximum adsorption rates occurred within 0-0.5 h, and then attends to a dynamic equilibrium; (2) Between the NAP and its organic matter, CEC, total phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus, Fe/Al-phosphorus and total nitrogen have remarkable positive correlation; between the maximum adsorption of phosphate and its CEC, inorganic phosphorus, organic matter and total phosphorus have remarkable negative correlation; between the total maximum adsorption of phosphate and its organic matter, CEC, total phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus, Fe/Al-phosphorus and total nitrogen have remarkable positive correlation; (3) As regards water quality of the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at present, its sediment exists desorption. Between the adsorption-desorption equilibrium concentrations of phosphate onto the sediments and its organic matter, CEC, total nitrogen, the total phosphorus and the content of every form phosphorous have a remarkable positive correlation. Even the sediment from heavily polluted lake also has the tendency to release phosphate into the overlying water in this study.
IDH1/2 mutation status combined with Ki-67 labeling index defines distinct prognostic groups in glioma (2015)

The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of human gliomas is mainly based on morphology. However, it has limitations in prognostic prediction. We examined whether combining isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutation status with the Ki-67 labeling index would improve the definition of prognostically distinct entities. We investigated the correlation of Ki-67 expression with IDH1/2 mutation status and their impact on clinical outcome in 703 gliomas. Low Ki-67 expression closely overlapped with IDH1/2 mutation in our cohort (P < 0.0001). Patients with IDH1/2 mutation survived significantly longer than patients with wild-type IDH1/2 did (P < 0.0001); higher Ki-67 expression was associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.0001). IDH1/2 combined with Ki-67 was used to re-classify glioma patients into five groups. IDH1/2 mutant patients with low and moderate Ki-67 expression (Group1) had the best prognosis, whereas patients with wild-type IDH1/2 and high Ki-67 expression (Group5) had the worst prognosis (Median OS = 1527 vs. 355 days, P < 0.0001). To summarize, our new classification model distinguishes biologically distinct subgroups and provides prognostic information regardless of the conventional WHO grade. Classification based on IDH1/2 mutation status and Ki-67 expression level could be more convenient for clinical application and guide personalized treatment in malignant gliomas.
Beam profiling by vibrating knife edge: Implications for near‐field optical scanning microscopy (1990)

Abstract We show theoretically and experimentally that beam profiling with a vibrating knife exhibits spatial resolution equal to the knife‐edge excursion. We discuss the implications of this for near‐field optical scanning microscopy, propose an extension of the method to two dimensions, and calculate impulse response, step response, and spatial frequency response.
Human helper T cell factor(s) (ThF). II. Induction of IgG production in B lymphoblastoid cell lines and identification of T cell-replacing factor- (TRF) like factor(s). (1982)

IgG-PFC was induced in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) by the addition of allogeneic T cells. T cells involved in the induction of IgG-PFC were shown to belong to the Leu 3a+/2a- T cell subset. Furthermore, partially purified soluble factors obtained from the culture supernatant of PPD-stimulated pleural T cells or PWM-stimulated tonsillar mononuclear cells was shown to induce IgG-PFC in LCL across the major histocompatibility complex barrier. The induction of IgG-PFC was observed only in surface IgG-positive LCL cell populations and was not accompanied by the increase in the number of LCL cells. The factors with such a TRF-like activity were found in two fractions corresponding to the m.w. range of 18,000 to 25,000 (22K fraction) and 28,000 to 38,000 (36K fraction) by gel filtration. Isoelectric focusing of these fractions revealed that TRF-like activity of both 22K and 36K fractions distributed in the pI range of 5.0 to 6.0, and both fractions were found to be devoid of TCGF activity. These results appear to indicate that the factors act on the B cells in terminal stages to trigger final differentiation to Ig-producing cells.
Computing pitch of speech and music using a sawtooth waveform inspired pitch estimator (2007)

A powerful pitch estimation algorithm called SWIPE has been developed for processing speech and music. SWIPE is shown to outperform existing algorithms on several publicly available speech and musical instrument databases, and a disordered speech database, reducing the gross error rate by 40%, relative to the best competing algorithm. In short, SWIPE estimates the pitch as the fundamental frequency of a sawtooth waveform, whose spectrum best matches the spectrum of the input signal. The short-time Fourier transform of the sawtooth waveform provides an extension to older frequency-based, sieve-type estimation algorithms by providing smooth peaks with decaying amplitudes to correlate with the fundamental frequency (if present) and its harmonics. An improvement on the algorithm is achieved by using only the first and prime harmonics, which significantly reduces subharmonic errors commonly found in other pitch estimation algorithms.
Correction of Polychromatic Luminescence Signals for Inner-Filter Effects (1989)

Fluorescence (FL) and absorbance (ABS) data are acquired simultaneously with a multiple detector spectrometer. The measured ABS is utilized in mathematical equations for automatic correction of fluorescence signals for attenuation (inner-filter effects) caused by significant absorption of the excitation or emission radiation by the fluorophore or other species. Correction equations are presented which apply to situations in which the excitation or emission beam cannot be considered monochromatic, for collection geometries involving optical fibers, and for chemiluminescence measurements. The correction scheme was tested with quinine sulfate (QS) as the analyte in the absence and presence of other chromophores (gentisic acid and methyl red). Even when conditions are such that the FL signal is attenuated by a factor of 5, the correction scheme is accurate to 2% or better. These corrections extend the linear range of the QS calibration curve by a factor of over 100, and they can improve the accuracy up to a factor of ten in cases for which polychromatic effects are important.
Isolation of temperature-sensitive McrA and McrB mutations and complementation analysis of the McrBC region of Escherichia coli K-12 (1991)

We isolated temperature-sensitive mcrA and mcrBC mutants of Escherichia coli. At 42 degrees C, they were unable to restrict the T-even bacteriophages T6gt and T4gt or plasmids encoding cloned DNA methylase genes whose specificities confer sensitivity to the McrA and McrBC nucleases. Complementation analysis of the McrBC region (mcrB251) with the complete cloned McrBC system or a derivative with mcrB alone indicated that the mutation shows an absolute defect for the restriction of DNA containing hydroxymethylcytosine and a thermosensitive defect for the restriction of DNA containing methylcytosine. The properties of the McrA temperature-sensitive mutants suggest that some of these mutations can also influence the restriction of DNA containing hydroxymethylcytosine or methylcytosine residues.
Tracking Pedestrians Using Local Spatio-Temporal Motion Patterns in Extremely Crowded Scenes (2011)

Tracking pedestrians is a vital component of many computer vision applications, including surveillance, scene understanding, and behavior analysis. Videos of crowded scenes present significant challenges to tracking due to the large number of pedestrians and the frequent partial occlusions that they produce. The movement of each pedestrian, however, contributes to the overall crowd motion (i.e., the collective motions of the scene's constituents over the entire video) that exhibits an underlying spatially and temporally varying structured pattern. In this paper, we present a novel Bayesian framework for tracking pedestrians in videos of crowded scenes using a space-time model of the crowd motion. We represent the crowd motion with a collection of hidden Markov models trained on local spatio-temporal motion patterns, i.e., the motion patterns exhibited by pedestrians as they move through local space-time regions of the video. Using this unique representation, we predict the next local spatio-temporal motion pattern a tracked pedestrian will exhibit based on the observed frames of the video. We then use this prediction as a prior for tracking the movement of an individual in videos of extremely crowded scenes. We show that our approach of leveraging the crowd motion enables tracking in videos of complex scenes that present unique difficulty to other approaches.
Study on programmable controller local area network used in MDF production. (2000)

This paper states PLC SINEC H1 network architecture、reference model and protocols, it also gives the example of programming method for network communication and the application to control system of middle density fiber board(MDF)