gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra short high power microwave generation associated with short pulse laser (2002)

It is demonstrated that a short microwave pulse (/spl sim/6 ns) is generated from cw or long pulse microwave source (9 GHz) by the laser produced overdense plasma. The cw microwave propagating in the waveguide is sliced by laser produced plasma at two different points along the waveguide. The generated pulse duration is determined by the group velocity of the microwave in the waveguide and the length between two points. Furthermore, twice the power is generated by adding the two pulses by this mechanism. The results are in good agreement with theoretical prediction.
Prefix Management for Mobile IPv6 Fast Handover on Point-to-Point Links (2009)

The Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers (FMIPv6) specification currently does
not explicitly define prefix management over point-to-point links when
a Mobile Node (MN) uses a prefix to formulate a new Care-of- Address
(CoA). In this document a mechanism is developed for assigning unique
prefixes to the MN by the Previous Access Router (PAR). The New Access
Router (NAR) dynamically assigns a unique prefix called dedicated
prefix to any MN that is performing a handover. Both reactive and
predictive modes of FMIPv6 are explained.
Investigations on porous silicon layers with regard to chemical microsensor applications (1996)

A new concept for silicon microsensors based on porous EIS (Electrolyte-Insulator- Semiconductor) structures is presented. The porous sensor was prepared by anodic etching of n-doped silicon and subsequent deposition of a dielectric layer of SiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Experimental conditions were investigated to realize a well-defined macroporous formation of the porous silicon. To compare the chemical sensor properties with similar built-up planar Si/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> structures, C/V (Capacitance-Voltage) measurements have been performed. The porous EIS structures have been characterized by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and cyclic voltammetry. This solid-state technology allows the preparation of transducer materials for pH microsensors.
High Bandwidth Short Stroke Rotary Fast Tool Servo (2003)

This paper presents the design and performance of a new rotary fast tool servo (FTS) capable of developing the 40 g's tool tip acceleration required to follow a 5 micron PV sinusoidal surface at 2 kHz with a planned accuracy of 50 nm, and having a full stroke of 50 micron PV at lower frequencies. Tests with de-rated power supplies have demonstrated a closed-loop unity-gain bandwidth of 2 kHz with 20 g's tool acceleration, and we expect to achieve 40 g's with supplies providing {+-} 16 Amp to the Lorentz force actuator. The use of a fast tool servo with a diamond turning machine for producing non-axisymmetric or textured surfaces on a workpiece is well known. Our new rotary FTS was designed to specifically accommodate fabricating prescription textured surfaces on 5 mm diameter spherical target components for High Energy Density Physics experiments on the National Ignition Facility Laser (NIF).
Developing an Ontology-driven Requirements Analysis Tool (OntoRAT): A use-case-driven approach (2009)

This paper presents the application of the use-case modelling approach in deriving software requirements for an ontology-driven requirements analysis tool, namely OntoRAT in the context of the ontology-driven requirements engineering methodology (OntoREM) project and following the spiral model in carrying out the respective requirements engineering process. In particular, this research has demonstrated the significance of applying the use-case approach in capturing the requirements of a research-oriented product, where changes to requirements can be more frequent than in traditional non-research projects; and also when requirements are not very well identified and understood compounded by stringent budgeting and timescales constraints. Finally, this work has paved the way for our further research work to develop a requirements analysis framework and associated tools to originate from a given business process model, but supported by a semantic model that is ontology-based.
A new strategy to decrease <i>N</i> -methyl- <scp>d</scp> -aspartate (NMDA) receptor coactivation: Inhibition of <scp>d</scp> -serine synthesis by converting serine racemase into an eliminase (2001)

Serine racemase is a brain-enriched enzyme that synthesizes d-serine, an endogenous modulator of the glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. We now report that serine racemase catalyzes an elimination reaction toward a nonphysiological substrate that provides a powerful tool to study its neurobiological role and will be useful to develop selective enzyme inhibitors. Serine racemase catalyzes robust elimination of l-serine O-sulfate that is 500 times faster than the physiological racemization reaction, generating sulfate, ammonia, and pyruvate. This reaction provides the most simple and sensitive assay to detect the enzyme activity so far. We establish stable cell lines expressing serine racemase and show that serine racemase can also be converted into a powerful eliminase in cultured cells, while the racemization of l-serine is inhibited. Likewise, l-serine O-sulfate inhibits the synthesis of d-serine in primary astrocyte cultures. We conclude that the synthetic compound l-serine O-sulfate is a better substrate than l-serine as well as an inhibitor of d-serine synthesis. Inhibition of serine racemase provides a new strategy to selectively decrease NMDA receptor coactivation and may be useful in conditions in which overstimulation of NMDA receptors plays a pathological role.
Benzoxazolone Carboxamides: Potent and Systemically Active Inhibitors of Intracellular Acid Ceramidase (2014)

Abstract The ceramides are a family of bioactive lipid‐derived messengers involved in the control of cellular senescence, inflammation, and apoptosis. Ceramide hydrolysis by acid ceramidase (AC) stops the biological activity of these substances and influences survival and function of normal and neoplastic cells. Because of its central role in the ceramide metabolism, AC may offer a novel molecular target in disorders with dysfunctional ceramide‐mediated signaling. Here, a class of benzoxazolone carboxamides is identified as the first potent and systemically active inhibitors of AC. Prototype members of this class inhibit AC with low nanomolar potency by covalent binding to the catalytic cysteine. Their metabolic stability and high in vivo efficacy suggest that these compounds may be used as probes to investigate the roles of ceramide in health and disease, and that this scaffold may represent a promising starting point for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Characterization of Josephson-Vortex Flow Device as a Magnetic Sensor (2005)

We have found periodic oscillations in the Josephson-vortex flow resistance of the intrinsic Josephson junctions of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8+/spl delta// single crystal under the parallel magnetic fields from a few kOe to more than 70 kOe. The oscillations indicate a precise and an absolute measurement at higher fields. To demonstrate the characteristics of the magnetic sensor, we have performed modulation measurements with small coils producing a few Oe in Tesla order magnetic fields and have studied details on the flow resistance in the magnetic field and temperature cycles. The results show a high performance as a magnetic sensor.
Experimental Corneal Neovascularization by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Incorporated into Gelatin Hydrogel (2000)

The study was designed to investigate the feasibility of using an acidic gelatin hydrogel as a biodegradable vehicle for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). bFGF was incorporated by polyion complexation into a biodegradable hydrogel prepared by cross-linking acidic gelatin with the isoelectric point of 4.9. The dried hydrogel (sized to 2x1 mm) was hydrated with bFGF aqueous solution including different doses of bFGF (20, 50, 125, 250 and 500 ng) and implanted into a rabbit corneal pocket (2.5x2 mm). As a control group, the gelatin hydrogel without bFGF or bFGF alone (500 ng) was used. Corneal angiogenesis was evaluated by biomicroscopy, corneal fluorescein angiography and histology for 21 days. Photographs were taken and corneal angiogenesis was evaluated by image analysis. The hydrogel degraded with time after its implantation into the corneal pocket. Experimental eyes receiving the hydrogel containing more than 50 ng of bFGF demonstrated significant corneal angiogenesis. Control eyes and eyes receiving the hydrogel containing 20 ng of bFGF showed no corneal angiogenesis. Corneal angiogenesis, which occurred on the 3rd or 4th day after implantation, reached maximal growth on about day 7 and regressed from day 10 after implantation. The area of angiogenesis showed a dose-dependency on bFGF. The gelatin hydrogel itself induced neither angiogenesis nor inflammation. These results suggested that acidic gelatin hydrogel releases bioactive bFGF with its biodegradation, resulting in corneal neovascularization.
Antitumor effects of interleukin 2 liposomes and anti-CD3-stimulated T-cells against murine MCA-38 hepatic metastasis. (1991)

The stimulation of murine splenocytes with the monoclonal antibody anti-CD3 and interleukin 2 (IL-2) results in the propagation of large numbers of cells (T-activated killer; T-AK) which demonstrate high therapeutic efficacy when infused with IL-2 into mice bearing pulmonary metastases. Interleukin 2 infusions are required to maintain the function of the adoptively transferred cells. Recent data demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced by encapsulating IL-2 in liposomes. The present work tested the combination of T-AK cells with IL-2 liposomes in an immunotherapy model utilizing the MCA-38 murine colon adenocarcinoma. Expansion of murine splenocytes was achieved with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody plus IL-2 and was consistently greater than 50-fold during a 9-day culture period. Cytolytic activity of the murine T-AK cells was mediated primarily by Lyt-2+ cells. In vivo results demonstrate synergistic therapeutic efficacy of the combination of IL-2 liposomes and T-AK cells. Evaluation of the in vivo distribution of these T-AK cells utilizing congenic mice demonstrates that Lyt-2+ cells from these in vitro cultures infiltrate hepatic metastases in vivo. The activation of lymphocytes with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and IL-2 appears to be a reproducible and convenient method of producing cells capable of producing antitumor effects in models of adoptive immunotherapy.
Magnesium Ion Selective Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe Based on a Benzo[<i>h</i>]chromene Derivative for in Vivo Imaging (2007)

A novel, two-photon probe for the detection of free Mg2+ ions in living cells and live tissues has been developed. The probe can be excited by 880 nm laser photons, emits strong two-photon excited fluorescence in response to Mg2+ ions, can be easily loaded into the cell and tissue, shows high photostability, and can measure the Mg2+ ion concentration without interference by Ca2+ ions in living cells. The intracellular dissociation constant (Kdi) for Mg2+ determined by the two-photon process is 2.5 mM, which is suitable for dynamic Mg2+ concentration measurement. In addition, the probe is capable of imaging endogenous stores of free Mg2+ at a few hundred micrometers depth in live tissues using two-photon microscopy (TPM).
Stereophonic sound system particularly useful in a cinema auditorium (1979)

First Page
Highly Efficient Flavin–Adenine Dinucleotide Glucose Dehydrogenase Fused to a Minimal Cytochrome C Domain (2017)

Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is a thermostable, oxygen insensitive redox enzyme used in bioelectrochemical applications. The FAD cofactor of the enzyme is buried within the proteinaceous matrix of the enzyme, which makes it almost unreachable for a direct communication with an electrode. In this study, FAD dependent glucose dehydrogenase was fused to a natural minimal cytochrome domain in its c-terminus to achieve direct electron transfer. We introduce a fusion enzyme that can communicate with an electrode directly, without the use of a mediator molecule. The new fusion enzyme, with its direct electron transfer abilities displays superior activity to that of the native enzyme, with a k<sub>cat</sub> that is ca. 3 times higher than that of the native enzyme, a k<sub>cat</sub>/K<sub>M</sub> that is more than 3 times higher than that of GDH and 5 to 7 times higher catalytic currents with an onset potential of ca. (-) 0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl, affording higher glucose sensing selectivity. Taking these parameters into consideration, the fusion enzyme presented can serve as a good candidate for blood glucose monitoring and for other glucose based bioelectrochemical systems.
Third person perspective augmented reality for high accuracy applications (2013)

We proposed a 6 degrees of freedom augmentation system aimed at meeting the high accuracy requirements of engineering tasks. A stationary panoramic video camera captures a stream that is augmented by a portable computer. A handheld tablet device located in the same area broadcasts its instantaneous orientation, and receives the augmented view in the corresponding orientation, in real time. The panoramic camera can also be moved to other locations and simultaneously tracked by the system, providing 6 degrees of freedom augmentation. This gives the user a third person perspective augmentation, which is very precise and potentially more accurate than handheld augmentation.
Dual-Clad Photonic-Crystal-Fiber Based Scanning Microscopy (2005)

We report the development of a novel double-clad photonic-crystal-fiber based multiphoton scanning microscope, which has a number of advantages over conventional scanning microscopes.
The effect of an amino acid-lowering diet on the rate of melphalan entry into brain and xenotransplanted glioma. (1992)

Melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard, L-PAM, alkeran; molecular weight, 305,000) is transported across tumor cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport system. Normally, plasma LNAA levels are high enough and the affinity low enough that this system does not transport much melphalan into the brain. However, plasma amino acids can be reduced by fasting and protein-free diet. We used this method to reduce competition and to increase melphalan transport into brain tumors. In nude mice fasted for 12 h and then fed a protein-free diet for 2 and 6 h, mean plasma LNAA levels were 46% and 42% of control values. Nude mice with xenotransplanted D-54MG human gliomas were used to study tissue distribution and uptake kinetics of [3H]melphalan in a control group and a diet group (after a 12-h fast and 2 h of a 0% protein diet). The K1 (blood-to-tissue transfer constant) of melphalan, determined by graphical analysis and by nonlinear fitting to a 2-compartment model, was higher in the diet group in all tumor regions except the necrotic center of subcutaneous tumors; the increase was significant in the tumor periphery of brain and s.c. tumors. The ratio of K1s (diet to control) varied from 1.2 to 1.3 in brain tumors, 1.9 to 2.1 in subcutaneous tumors, and 1.8 to 3.1 in tumor-free brain. The apparent [3H]melphalan distribution space was significantly higher in the tumor periphery of both brain and subcutaneous tumors of the 15- and 30-min diet group. We also measured blood-brain barrier transport of [alpha-14C]aminoisobutyric acid and blood flow (with [131I]iodoantipyrine): the K1 of [alpha-14C]aminoisobutyric acid was 28.1 +/- 6.6 (SE) in brain tumors and 24.3 +/- 8.9 microliters/g/min in subcutaneous tumors. Blood flow was 58.2 --> 3.9 in brain tumors and 5.2 +/- 0.4 ml/100 g/min in subcutaneous tumors. Fasting, when combined with a protein-free diet, reduces plasma amino acid levels and thereby reduces competition between melphalan and LNAAs. This may increase the amount of melphalan that can enter a brain tumor without increasing the administered drug dose and suggests a therapeutic manipulation that can be used to increase the delivery of melphalan.
Automated rail wagon for new freight transport opportunities (2017)

The paper proposes some results of an experimental research which was started a couple of years ago by COELDA SRL, with the support of the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria and the National Railway Company, aimed at making rail freight transport more efficient and competitive. Attention is directed towards conceiving a network transport system on the one hand and towards operability of wagons in limited contexts, such as inland terminals, ports, and industrial rail connections, on the other. In both cases, the use of self-propelled wagons was assumed. Some results of the experimental research concerning the self-propelled wagons are proposed below. The attention is turned particularly towards 2 aspects: the technological components and some computer protocols for the movement of the wagon checked to distance and the automatic joining of 2 wagons; the architecture of the System that integrates the operability of the station with that of the line, for the purpose of the transport to make commodities operational in a capillary way on the railway net, and without determining ties to the exercise of the momentary trains.
Towards Large-Pose Face Frontalization in the Wild (2017)

Despite recent advances in face recognition using deep learning, severe accuracy drops are observed for large pose variations in unconstrained environments. Learning pose-invariant features is one solution, but needs expensively labeled large-scale data and carefully designed feature learning algorithms. In this work, we focus on frontalizing faces in the wild under various head poses, including extreme profile views. We propose a novel deep 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) conditioned Face Frontalization Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), termed as FF-GAN, to generate neutral head pose face images. Our framework differs from both traditional GANs and 3DMM based modeling. Incorporating 3DMM into the GAN structure provides shape and appearance priors for fast convergence with less training data, while also supporting end-to-end training. The 3DMM-conditioned GAN employs not only the discriminator and generator loss but also a new masked symmetry loss to retain visual quality under occlusions, besides an identity loss to recover high frequency information. Experiments on face recognition, landmark localization and 3D reconstruction consistently show the advantage of our frontalization method on faces in the wild datasets.
Electrophoretically Driven Preparative Chiral Separations Using Cyclodextrins (2000)

Introduction Classical electrophoretic chiral separations: batch processes Classical electrophoretic chiral separations: continuous processes Conclusions
Locating the Source of Events in Power Distribution Systems Using Micro-PMU Data (2019)

A novel method is proposed to locate the source of events in power distribution systems by using distribution-level phasor measurement units, a.k.a., micro-PMUs. An event in this paper is defined rather broadly to include any major change in any component across the distribution feeder. The goal is to enhance situational awareness in distribution grid by keeping track of the operation (or misoperation) of various grid equipment, assets, distribution energy resources (DERs), loads, etc. The proposed method is built upon the compensation theorem in circuit theory to generate an equivalent circuit to represent the event by using voltage and current synchrophasors that are captured by micro-PMUs. Importantly, this method makes critical use of not only magnitude but also synchronized phase angle measurements, thus, it justifies the need to use microPMUs, as opposed to ordinary RMS based voltage and current sensors. The proposed method can work with data from as few as only two micro-PMUs. The effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated through computer simulations on the IEEE 123- bus test system, and also on micro-PMUs measurements from a real-life 12.47 kV test feeder in Riverside, CA. The results verify that the proposed method is accurate and robust in locating the source of different types of events on power distribution systems.
ChemInform Abstract: FUNCTIONALIZED CONGENERS OF ADENOSINE: PREPARATION OF ANALOGS WITH HIGH AFFINITY FOR A1‐ADENOSINE RECEPTORS (1985)

Abstract Synthetisiert werden die Amide (IV), die zusammen mit ähnlichen Verbindungen auf Wirkung an A1‐Adenosin‐Rezeptoren untersucht werden.
Protection of extreme ultraviolet lithography masks. II. Showerhead flow mitigation of nanoscale particulate contamination (2015)

An analysis is presented of a method to protect the reticle (mask) in an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask inspection tool using a showerhead plenum to provide a continuous flow of clean gas over the surface of a reticle. The reticle is suspended in an inverted fashion (face down) within a stage/holder that moves back and forth over the showerhead plenum as the reticle is inspected. It is essential that no particles of 10-nm diameter or larger be deposited on the reticle during inspection. Particles can originate from multiple sources in the system, and mask protection from each source is explicitly analyzed. The showerhead plate has an internal plenum with a solid conical wall isolating the aperture. The upper and lower surfaces of the plate are thin flat sheets of porous-metal material. These porous sheets form the top and bottom showerheads that supply the region between the showerhead plate and the reticle and the region between the conical aperture and the Optics Zone box with continuous flows of clean gas. The model studies show that the top showerhead provides robust reticle protection from particles of 10-nm diameter or larger originating from the Reticle Zone and from plenum surfaces contaminated by exposure to the Reticle Zone. Protection is achieved with negligible effect on EUV transmission. The bottom showerhead efficiently protects the reticle from nanoscale particles originating from the Optics Zone. With similar mass flow rates from the two showerheads, this system provides efficient protection even when a significant overpressure exists between the Optics Zone and the Reticle Zone. Performance is insensitive to the fraction of incident particles that sticks to walls, the accommodation coefficient, the aperture geometry, and the gas pressure. The showerheads also protect the aperture (and therefore the Optics Zone) during mask loading and unloading. Commercially available porous-metal media have properties suitable for these showerheads at the required flow rates. The benefits of the approach compared to a conceptual EUV pellicle are described.
Formulation of an ovarian cancer vaccine with the squalene-based AddaVax adjuvant inhibits the growth of murine epithelial ovarian carcinomas (2022)

Our data indicate that the AMHR2-ED vaccine formulated with AddaVax may be used in human clinical trials and thereby serve as a novel and effective way to control human EOC.