gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on Hourglass-Worm Gearings Designed to Concentrate Surface Normals: Design for Worm Gearings With a Large Lead Angle (1992)

Abstract For moderating the edge contact of gear tooth surfaces on load, a new concept has been proposed on designing worm gearing. As a first step of research, restricting a field of application of the designing concept, a few methods for generating tooth surface of hourglass worm gearing having a small lead angle have been devised. This paper tries to apply this designing concept to wider general use — an hourglass worm gearings with a large lead angle. First, the worm axis displacement relative to the wheel axis is roughly calculated by means of elastic deformation theory. And, this idea is applied to the gear designs using two kinds of hourglass worm gearings. As a result, validity of this design concept is substantiated also in the case of large lead angle of worm gearing.
Model predictive emissions control of a diesel engine airpath: Design and experimental evaluation (2020)

Summary This article presents the development and experimental validation of an emissions oriented model predictive controller for a diesel engine. The control objective is to minimize cumulative NOx and hydrocarbon emissions while limiting visible smoke production and without compromising fuel economy or torque response. This is accomplished by using a supervisory model predictive controller (SMPC) and nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) in tandem. The SMPC controller coordinates the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate target and fuel supplied to the engine in real time to satisfy combustion quality constraints, while the NMPC controller tracks the EGR rate target by manipulating the EGR throttle, EGR valve, and variable geometry turbine. The NMPC controller uses MPC for feedforward and feedback in a novel configuration to simultaneously achieve fast tracking performance, disturbance rejection, and robustness. We demonstrate that the proposed diesel engine MPC controller is able to reduce cumulative emissions by 10% to 15% relative to a state of the art benchmark strategy when placed in closed loop with an engine on a transient dynamometer.
Expanding Gate Level Information Flow Tracking for Multilevel Security (2013)

Embedded systems found in critical infrastructures require tight information flow controls to prevent unintended interference between different system components. These critical systems require extensive testing and verification to ensure strict enforcement of information flow policy. To assist in this process, gate level information flow tracking (GLIFT) has been proposed to expose all flows of information through Boolean gates. However, the current work in this realm only considers a two-level security lattice ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\tt LOW} \sqsubset {\tt HIGH}$</tex></formula> ). In this letter, we expand the GLIFT method to multilevel security lattices and provide an analysis of the overheads using IWLS benchmarks. Results show that expanding GLIFT to multilevel security lattices produces overheads and we discuss potential research on its applications.
Abstract 16214: Percutaneous Intra-myocardial Injection of Exosomes From Cardiosphere-derived Cells (CDCs) Halts Adverse Remodeling and Decreases Scar Size in Porcine Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (2015)

Background: Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the beneficial effects of CDCs in heart disease are mediated by exosomes. So far, no study has assessed the benefit of CDC-derived exosomes in a translationally-realistic large-animal model. Objective: Exosomes are nanoscale particles, few of which may linger in the heart after routine intracoronary delivery. Previous work in rodents shows efficacy in myocardial infarction (MI) with intramyocardial injection. We therefore sought to evaluate the efficacy of trans-endocardial delivery of CDC-secreted exosomes using the NOGA MYOSTAR injection catheter in a porcine model of post-MI cardiomyopathy. Methods: MI was induced in 7 mini-pigs by balloon occlusion of the mid-LAD for 2.5h, then the MI was allowed to heal for 4 weeks. At that point, and at the end of the study one month later, MRI was performed to measure LV volumes and ejection fraction (EF), scar mass and viable mass. Just after the first MRI, the left ventricle (LV) was mapped using a NOGA catheter to delineate infarcted, border and remote areas. After mapping, human CDC-secreted exosomes (7.5mg of exosome protein divided into 10-15 injections, n=4) or vehicle (n=3) were injected in the border zone (4-7 mV tip potentials). Results: EF was identical in the two groups at baseline (38±4%). All pigs were successfully injected with exosomes or vehicle after comprehensive LV mapping. One month post-injection, EF was preserved in exosome-treated pigs but dramatically decreased in placebo-treated animals (ΔEF=-1.2±2.2% vs. -7.6±2.8%, p<0.02). LV adverse remodeling was attenuated in CDC-injected pigs (less increase in end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, P=0.08 and P=0.03 respectively). Additionally, exosomes reduced scar mass (-1.6±0.6g vs. +1.2±0.5g, P=0.001) and scar size (P<0.05). Conclusions: CDC-secreted exosomes halt adverse remodeling and decrease scar size when injected in the border zone using an injection catheter. This demonstration of safety and efficacy motivates testing of exosomes as cell-free therapeutic agents in humans.
Immune selection determines tumor antigenicity and influences response to checkpoint inhibitors (2023)

In cancer, evolutionary forces select for clones that evade the immune system. Here we analyzed >10,000 primary tumors and 356 immune-checkpoint-treated metastases using immune dN/dS, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations in the immunopeptidome, to measure immune selection in cohorts and individuals. We classified tumors as immune edited when antigenic mutations were removed by negative selection and immune escaped when antigenicity was covered up by aberrant immune modulation. Only in immune-edited tumors was immune predation linked to CD8 T cell infiltration. Immune-escaped metastases experienced the best response to immunotherapy, whereas immune-edited patients did not benefit, suggesting a preexisting resistance mechanism. Similarly, in a longitudinal cohort, nivolumab treatment removes neoantigens exclusively in the immunopeptidome of nonimmune-edited patients, the group with the best overall survival response. Our work uses dN/dS to differentiate between immune-edited and immune-escaped tumors, measuring potential antigenicity and ultimately helping predict response to treatment.
A Self-Stabilizing Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization Protocol (2009)

This report presents a rapid Byzantine-fault-tolerant self-stabilizing clock synchronization protocol that is independent of application-specific requirements. It is focused on clock synchronization of a system in the presence of Byzantine faults after the cause of any transient faults has dissipated. A model of this protocol is mechanically verified using the Symbolic Model Verifier (SMV) [SMV] where the entire state space is examined and proven to self-stabilize in the presence of one arbitrary faulty node. Instances of the protocol are proven to tolerate bursts of transient failures and deterministically converge with a linear convergence time with respect to the synchronization period. This protocol does not rely on assumptions about the initial state of the system other than the presence of sufficient number of good nodes. All timing measures of variables are based on the node s local clock, and no central clock or externally generated pulse is used. The Byzantine faulty behavior modeled here is a node with arbitrarily malicious behavior that is allowed to influence other nodes at every clock tick. The only constraint is that the interactions are restricted to defined interfaces.
SAR Studies on Aromatic Acylhydrazone-Based Inhibitors of Fungal Sphingolipid Synthesis as Next-Generation Antifungal Agents (2019)

Recently, the fungal sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthesis has emerged as a highly promising new target for drug discovery of next-generation antifungal agents, and we found two aromatic acylhydrazones as effective inhibitors of GlcCer synthesis based on HTP screening. In the present work, we have designed libraries of new aromatic acylhydrazones, evaluated their antifungal activities (MIC<sub>80</sub> and time-kill profile) against <i>C. neoformans</i>, and performed an extensive SAR study, which led to the identification of five promising lead compounds, exhibiting excellent fungicidal activities with very large selectivity index. Moreover, two compounds demonstrated broad spectrum antifungal activity against six other clinically relevant fungal strains. These five lead compounds were examined for their synergism/cooperativity with five clinical drugs against seven fungal strains, and very encouraging results were obtained; e.g., the combination of all five lead compounds with voriconazole exhibited either synergistic or additive effect to all seven fungal strains.
Acidity and Stability of 10‐Substituted 1,8‐Dihydroxy‐9(10<i>H</i>)‐anthracenones (1995)

Abstract The decomposition of 10‐substituted anthralin derivatives in dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol was determined. While 10‐ω‐phenylalkylidene derivatives were thoroughly stable, 10‐ω‐phenylacyl‐substituted compounds were slowly degraded to danthron and the corresponding carboxylic acids. However, the stability of these derivatives was markedly improved as compared to that of anthralin. Determination of the pK a values showed that the ω‐phenylacyl derivatives were somewhat stronger acids than anthralin, while ω‐phenylalkylidene‐substitution generally leaves the acidity of the anthralin part unchanged.
Compact Planar Microwave Blocking Filter (2008)

This paper proposes a technique to design a compact planar broadband microwave blocking filter. The filter is constructed from multiple sections of bandstop filters with means to control radiation loss. As a result, the filter has small physical size and provides multi-decade of suppression frequency bandwidth. The total length is less than half-wavelength long at the 3-dB corner frequency of 1.45 GHz. The experimental results show that the microstrip microwave blocking filter can provide an attenuation of more than 70 dB from 7 GHz to 39.5 GHz with the total DC capacitance of less than 23 pF.
The atypical retinoid E-3-(3’-Adamantan-1-yl-4’-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-2-propenoic acid (ST1898) displays comedolytic activity in the rhino mouse model (2012)

Retinoids represent the first-line therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Their effect is comedolytic and anti-comedogenic, and associates with hyperplasia and deregulated differentiation of the epidermis, and decreased inflammation. We here tested the comedolytic effect of the novel atypical retinoid E-3-(3'-Adamantan-1-yl-4'-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-2-propenoic acid (ST1898) in the rhino mouse, as a model of comedogenic acne, and compared this effect to that of adapalene (Differin® gel), as reference compound. Topical administration of 0.1% ST1898 for three weeks exerted a comedolytic effect comparable to that of adapalene 0.1%. In ST1898-treated mice, epidermal hyperplasia was significantly reduced and the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers was less perturbed compared to adapalene-treated animals. Moreover, keratin 6, which stains activated keratinocytes, was strongly and uniformly induced in interfollicular epidermis of adapalene-treated mice, while only faintly and focally expressed in ST1898-treated ones. Our data indicate that ST1898 has strong comedolytic activity but modest topical side effects.
Adaptive inverse filters for stereophonic sound reproduction (1992)

A general theoretical basis for the design of adaptive digital filters used for the equalization of the response of multichannel sound reproduction systems is described. The approach is applied to the two-channel case and then extended to deal with arbitrary numbers of channels. The intention is to equalize not only the response of the loudspeakers and the listening room but also the crosstalk transmission from right loudspeaker to left ear and vice versa. The formulation is a generalization of the Atal-Schroeder crosstalk canceler. However, the use of a least-squares approach to the digital filter design and of appropriate modeling delays potentially allows the effective equalization of nonminimum phase components in the transmission path. A stochastic gradient algorithm which facilitates the adaptation of the digital filters to the optimal solution, thereby providing the possibility of designing the filters in situ, is presented. Some experimental results for the two-channel case are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pupil Tracking for Real-Time Motion Corrected Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (2016)

Volumetric acquisition with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) is necessary to obtain accurate representations of the tissue structure and to account for asymmetries of the anterior eye anatomy. Additionally, recent interest in imaging of anterior segment vasculature and aqueous humor flow resulted in application of OCT angiography techniques to generate en face and 3D micro-vasculature maps of the anterior segment. Unfortunately, ASOCT structural and vasculature imaging systems do not capture volumes instantaneously and are subject to motion artifacts due to involuntary eye motion that may hinder their accuracy and repeatability. Several groups have demonstrated real-time tracking for motion-compensated in vivo OCT retinal imaging, but these techniques are not applicable in the anterior segment. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and low-cost pupil tracking system integrated into a custom swept-source OCT system for real-time motion-compensated anterior segment volumetric imaging. Pupil oculography hardware coaxial with the swept-source OCT system enabled fast detection and tracking of the pupil centroid. The pupil tracking ASOCT system with a field of view of 15 x 15 mm achieved diffraction-limited imaging over a lateral tracking range of +/- 2.5 mm and was able to correct eye motion at up to 22 Hz. Pupil tracking ASOCT offers a novel real-time motion compensation approach that may facilitate accurate and reproducible anterior segment imaging.
AN IMAGING SYSTEM FOR TEXTILE SURFACE PROFILE BASED ON SILHOUETTE IMAGE ANALYSIS (2008)

This paper presents a digital imaging method based on silhouette image analysis to visualize the 3D surface Profile of textile or other flexible materials. A prototype of imaging system consisting of five components was developed: visible lighting source (white backlighting), sample stage, progressive sample feeding equipments, detector (CCD camera) and software. A sequence of silhouette images of textile surface patches could be digitalized progressively when sample passing through the sharp edge of crossbeam in bending status, so that the whole 3D surface profile could be generated by the combination of silhouette height profile of each surface patch in sequence. The proposed method and system enables us to reconstruct the 3D surface profile of the textile materials without colors and textures of them, and therefore this method could be much more effective for the surface characterization and defect analysis than traditional 2D image analysis methods.
A novel mouse model of kidney fibrosis induced by glomerulus‐specific overexpression of the full‐length of human transforming growth factor‐β1 gene (2018)

Chronic renal disease is a common complication of several diseases including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic glomerulonephritis. Approximately 10% of adults in developed countries suffer from chronic renal disease. Clinical progression of chronic renal disease leads to end‐stage renal disease that can be treated only with renal replacement therapy including dialysis and renal transplantation. There is currently no other therapeutic option for patients in terminal stages of the disease. The main reason of the scarce therapeutic strategies for this chronic and fatal disease is the lack of appropriate disease model to evaluate drug discovery. In the present study, we focused on the potent profibrotic activity of transforming growth factor‐β1 and its critical mechanistic role in glomerulosclerosis. We prepared and amplified a chimeric mouse podocin/human transforming growth factor‐β1 bacterial artificial chromosome construct, purified, linearized, separated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and dialyzed before microinjection into fertilized eggs. We obtained several founders expressing the transgene as demonstrated by Southern blotting. As expected, the transgenic mice have increased plasma levels of human transforming growth factor‐β1, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen from 8‐weeks of age. The urine levels of fatty acid‐binding protein, a marker of kidney injury, and human transforming growth factor‐β1 were also significantly increased in the transgenic mice compared to wild type mice. Trichrome staining of the kidneys disclosed extensive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the transgenic mice compared to their wild type counterparts. In addition to highlighting the important role of transforming growth factor‐β1 in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis, the results of this study led to development of a novel mouse model of kidney fibrosis that may be useful for drug discovery. Support or Funding Information I have no financial relationships to disclose. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Robust iron-carbide nanoparticles supported on alumina for sustainable production of gasoline-range hydrocarbons (2017)

A robust iron-carbide/alumina catalyst shows excellent catalytic performance for selective production of liquid fuels.
Non-Intrusive Methods of Characterizing Vehicles on the Highway (2003)

A real-time laser-based non-intrusive field-deployable detection system for delineation of moving vehicles has been developed. The primary goal is a roadway detection system that can be used to gather reliable travel time data non-intrusively. This document describes the design and implementation of each functional component of the field-deployment system, the configuration of the field detection system, and software design and implementation. This report also discusses optical techniques that may potentially be used for the detection of trace amounts of gases through the use of an overhead detector. This report also discusses measurements of vehicle paint reflectance characteristics.
Laboratory Experience With a New Autotransfusion Device (1976)

A new device for collecting and administering blood by intraoperative autotransfusion consists of several novel features: a collection bag that is kept expanded by a vacuum and into which the blood is drawn by suction of a lesser degree than the outside vacuum, a crease in the collection bag that decreases turbulence and foaming, and separation of the infusion element from the retrieval system by a valve that allows pressure infusion and suction continously. The apparatus is inexpensive, quickly assembled, operated by wall suction or suction pump. We have had favorable experience with its use in animals.
Multiscale Probabilistic Dithering for Suppressing Contour Artifacts in Digital Images (2009)

A method is proposed for reducing the visibility of "contour artifacts," i.e., false contours resulting from color quantization in digital images. The method performs a multiscale analysis on the neighborhood of each pixel, determines the presence and scale of contour artifacts, and probabilistically dithers (perturbs) the color of the pixel. The overall effect is to "break down" the false contours, making them less visible. The proposed method may be used to reduce contour artifacts at the same bit depth as the input image or at higher bit depths. The contour artifact detection mechanism ensures that artifact-free regions remain unaffected during the process.
Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries Enabled By Zn Sponge Anodes and Bi(tri?)Functional Cathodes (2017)

Zinc–air batteries have the potential to overcome many of the disadvantages of current Li-ion batteries: safety concerns associated with toxic and flammable electrolytes, high costs, and specific energy <200 Wh kg –1 . Zinc–air provides higher specific energy (up to 450 Wh kg –1 ), while using safe, low-cost components and aqueous electrolytes. Although commercially successful as a primary battery, broader implementation of Zn–air batteries is hindered by limited rechargeability and modest zinc utilization (typically <60% of theoretical discharge capacity). This long-standing performance roadblock is attributed to the manner in which Zn electrodes are commonly fabricated—by mixing Zn powder with binders and gelling agents to form composite electrodes. During discharge of these ad hoc structures, Zn is oxidized and forms soluble zincate, which diffuses from its point of electrogeneration until it supersaturates and then dehydrates to high-impedance products (e.g., ZnO). Upon electrochemical recharge, ZnO, in equilibrium with soluble zincate, is reduced back to Zn 0 , often accompanied by a shape change. Discharge–charge cycling leads to pronounced morphological changes, especially at points of high local current density, where short-inducing dendrites can form. We developed a Zn “sponge” form factor comprising interpenetrating, co-continuous networks of solid and void which imposes more uniform current distribution throughout the volume of the electrode structure, minimizes uneven reaction loci, and suppresses formation of dendrites. We have demonstrated that the Zn sponge electrode can be cycled in prototype Ag–Zn and Ni–Zn cells without the formation of dendrites, but translating that to the Zn–air case requires the use of air-cathodes that also support electrochemical discharge and recharge. For that more ambitious cell chemistry, we turn to powder-composite air cathodes that include mesoporous oxides of manganese and/or a solid-solution or mixed-phase oxides of transition metals such as nickel and/or iron prepared via sol–gel synthetic methods. Zinc–air cells were constructed and cycled at high depths-of-discharge relative to the Zn, an achievement that not only validates the ability for the air cathode to be bifunctionally catalyzed, but to operate at capacities and rates that turn all of the Zn in the anode over enough times to generate a technologically relevant specific energy.
Vector velocity estimation of blood flow – A new application in medical ultrasound (2017)

Vector flow techniques in the field of ultrasound encompass different pulse emission and estimation strategies. Numerous techniques have been introduced over the years, and recently commercial implementations usable in the clinic have been made. A number of clinical papers using different vector velocity approaches have been published. This review will give an overview of the most significant in vivo results achieved with ultrasound vector flow techniques, and will outline some of the possible clinical applications for vector velocity estimation in the future.