gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin membranes of new hard/soft segment copolymers (1996)

Thin membranes of new hard/soft segment copolymers have been synthesized for the separation of aromatics from saturates through high temperature pervaporation. In the membranes, hard segments provide temperature stability and solvent resistance, while soft segments govern aromatic/saturate selectivity and flux. We have synthesized new chlorinated polyurethane/polyester and polyimide/polyester copolymers. Based on a polyimide copolymer membrane, a new technology has been developed recently to separate heavy catalytically cracked naphtha into an aromatics-rich permeate and an aromatics-lean retentate.
Freeze Compression Molding of Fine Ceramics Powder by Using Water Binder. (1992)

To solve a problem that an extremely long debinding time is required before sintering in case of the ceramics powder compression molding process, the water binder is used for its easy debinding property in stead of polymer or wax binder. The shape fixing is done by freezing the binding water in the die cavity after compression forming. The vacuum freeze drying is applied for removing the water binder in order to prevent the cracking by the shrinkage of formed powder. It is proved by the experiment that flowability can be improved effectively and samples which have complex shape can be formed easily.
Measurement of subband electronic temperatures and population inversion in THz quantum cascade lasers. (2004)

We compare the electronic temperatures and the population inversion both below and above the lasing threshold in three quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) operating at 2.8THz, 3.2THz, and 3.8THz using microprobe band-to-band photoluminescence. In the lasing range, while the ground-state temperature remains close to the lattice one (90K–100K), the upper radiative state heats up to ∼200K. From the measured thermal resistance and the power dependence of the ground-state electronic temperature, we get a value of the electron-lattice energy relaxation rate comparable with that typical of midinfrared QCLs.
Selective Uptake of Radiolabeled Annexin V on Acute Porcine Left Atrial Thrombi (1995)

We conclude that 99mTc-labeled human annexin V detects acute left atrial thrombi in vivo in swine. The combination of a new thrombus detection agent, annexin V, with a 99mTc label may allow in vivo imaging of thrombi in humans.
Neonatal Avian Pneumovirus Infection in Commercial Turkeys (2002)

Eleven market turkey flocks developed a respiratory disease characterized by coughing, swollen sinuses and nasal discharge. These symptoms first appeared between 3 and 16 days of age. Avian pneumovirus (APV) RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in six of six flocks tested. APV was detected by immunohistochemistry in turbinates of three of three affected flocks tested. Virus isolation attempts were negative. Ten of 11 flocks became seropositive on the APV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Five weeks prior to hatch of these affected market turkeys, several breeder flocks in one geographic area had developed clinical signs and experienced decline in egg production typical of APV infection. In two breeder flocks, acute and convalescent sera indicated APV infection during the period of declining egg production. Attempts to detect APV RNA by RT-PCR from choanal cleft swabs of newly hatched poults were successful. Attempts to isolate the virus from these PCR-positive samples were negative.
A Message-Oriented Extension to Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) (2017)

This memo specifies a message-oriented extension for Multipath TCP
(MPTCP) which aims to serve high-bandwidth and real-time applications.
By introducing a message mapping to MPTCP, Message- Oriented MPTCP
(MO-MPTCP) attaches some message features like boundaries, priority
and dependency to bytestream. With such message-oriented information,
MPTCP senders can avoid the waste of transmission resources and
improve the transmission efficiency.
Evolutionarily distinct bacteriophage endolysins featuring conserved peptidoglycan cleavage sites protect mice from MRSA infection (2015)

Our results corroborate the high potential of PGHs for treatment of S. aureus infections and reveal unique antimicrobial and biochemical properties of the different enzymes, suggesting a high diversity of potential applications despite highly conserved peptidoglycan target sites.
A chip-scale electrical soliton modelocked oscillator (2006)

This paper introduces a chip-scale electrical soliton modelocked oscillator, which self-generates a periodic train of electrical soliton pulses. This circuit is made possible by combining a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) with a unique amplifier that tames the instability-prone soliton dynamics in a closed-loop NLTL. This chip-scale prototype produces a pulse width of 293ps and demonstrates the feasibility for future widths close to 1ps, adding a new direction in pulse-based electronics
H<sub>2</sub> Uptake and Synthesis of the Li-dispersed Manganese Oxide Nanotubes (2007)

Well aligned Li-dispersed manganese oxide nanotubes were prepared using LiNO3, Mn(NO3)2 x xH2O and an anodic aluminum oxide template by solvent-free method for potential applications in H2 storage. The obtained nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analyses revealed the Mn2O3 nanotubes to have a cubic structure with a uniform length, 40-50 nm in wall thickness and 250 +/- 10 nm in the outer diameter. The level of H2 adsorption was determined using the gravimetric method. The Li-dispersed manganese oxide nanotubes showed a 0.26 wt% for the amount of hydrogen adsorption at 77 K under 4.5 MPa.
Frame-rate up-conversion using reliable analysis of transmitted motion information (2004)

We propose a new frame-rate up-conversion algorithm using a vector reliable analysis scheme that reduces artifacts caused by the use of inaccurately transmitted motion vectors (MVs). In conventional up-conversion algorithms using motion estimation (ME), ME is performed between two adjacent decoded frames to construct MVs that allow the frame to be interpolated, irrespective of the amount of calculation for ME required. On the other hand, in conventional up-conversion algorithms using transmitted MVs, the quality of the interpolated frame depends largely on the MV that is derived by the encoder. In our proposed scheme, transmitted MVs are first analyzed to decide whether or not they are usable for constructing interpolation frames. The interpolation method is then adaptively selected from three methods: local motion-compensated interpolation, global motion-compensated interpolation and frame-repeated interpolation. The proposed method provides high quality interpolated frames and decreases the volume of calculation needed, making it especially well suited to multimedia mobile devices that depend on low-power processing.
Clinical Role of Dominant Frequency Measurements in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation – A Systematic Review (2017)

No prior study has systematically comprised information for clinical use of DF. The current literature supports global DF as a useful marker of ablation outcome; however direct intervention targeting DF appears premature with mixed results and too few studies.
Analysis of spectral excitation for measurements of fluorescence constituents in natural waters (2013)

Field measurements of chlorophyll-a (Chl), phycoerythrin (PE), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and variable fluorescence (F(v)/F(m)) in diverse waters of the California Current, Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Mexico using 375, 405, 510 and 532 nm laser excitation wavelengths (EW) are analyzed. EW = 375 and 405 nm were found more suitable for Chl assessment in high-Chl (> 10 μg/l) waters. Both EW = 532 and 510 nm can be used to efficiently stimulate PE fluorescence for structural characterization of phytoplankton communities. EW = 375 nm and 405 nm can provide best results for CDOM assessments in offshore oceanic waters; the green EWs can be also used for CDOM measurements in fresh and estuarine water types in conjunction with spectral discrimination between CDOM and PE fluorescence. Both EW = 405 and 510 are suitable for photo-physiological F(v)/F(m) assessments, though using EW = 405 nm may result in underestimation of PE-containing phytoplankton groups present in mixed phytoplankton assemblages.
Solution properties of ion‐containing polymers in polar solvents (1984)

Abstract The placement of ionic groups within the molecular structure of a polymer produces marked modification in physical properties. A large number of studies have been performed on these ion‐containing polymers, but few have focused on the effects of anion–cation interactions (i.e., counterion binding or ionization) on hydrodynamic volume, especially as the molecular structure of the solvent and nature of counterion are varied. In this study changes in hydrodynamic volume are followed through reduced viscosity measurements as a function of the abovementioned molecular parameters. The dilute solution properties of various polyelectrolytes that contain sulfonate and carboxylate groups were investigated as a function of the counterion structure, charge density, molecular weight, and solvent structure. The polymeric materials were selected because of their specific chemical structure and physical properties. In the first instance a (2‐acrylamide‐2 methylpropanesulfonic acid)‐acrylamide‐sodium vinyl sulfonate terpolymer was synthesized and subsequently neutralized with a series of bases. Viscometric measurements on these materials indicate that the nature of the cation affects the ability of the polyelectrolyte to expand its hydrodynamic volume at low polymer levels. The magnitude of the molecular expansion is shown to be due in part to the ability of the counterion to dissociate from the backbone chain, which, in turn, is directly related to the solvent structure. The changes in solution behaviour of these inomers lend support for the existence of ion pairs (i.e., site binding) and ionized moieties on the polymer chains. Measurements performed in a variety of solvent systems further confirm this interpretation. In addition, and acrylamide‐sodium vinyl sulfonate copolymer was partially hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to study the effect of varying the charge density at a constant degree of polymerization and counterion structure. The results show that the charge density has a significant effect on the magnitude of the reduced viscosity and dilute solution behaviour. These observations, made in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents, are related to the interrelation of hydrodynamic volume, counterion concentration, and site binding. Again the controlling factor is the degree of site binding of the counterion onto the polymer backbone. Finally, we observe that the increased hydrodynamic volume affects viscosity behavior beyond the polyelectrolyte effect regime. If the average charge density on the macromolecule is relative high and/or the molecular weight is large (≥ 10 6 ) sufficient intermolecular interactions will occur to produce rapid changes in reduced viscosity.
Process and composition for H sub 2 S removal (1989)

Adding specific neck stabilization exercises to a general neck advice and exercise program did not provide better clinical outcome overall in the physical therapy treatment of chronic neck pain.
Low immunogenicity predicted for emerging avian-origin H7N9 (2013)

A new avian-origin influenza virus emerged near Shanghai in February 2013, and by the beginning of May it had caused over 130 human infections and 36 deaths. Human-to-human transmission of avian-origin H7N9 influenza A has been limited to a few family clusters, but the high mortality rate (27%) associated with human infection has raised concern about the potential for this virus to become a significant human pathogen. European, American, and Asian vaccine companies have already initiated the process of cloning H7 antigens such as hemagglutinin (HA) into standardized vaccine production vehicles. Unfortunately, previous H7 HA-containing vaccines have been poorly immunogenic. We used well-established immunoinformatics tools to analyze the H7N9 protein sequences and compare their T cell epitope content to other circulating influenza A strains as a means of estimating the immunogenic potential of the new influenza antigen. We found that the HA proteins derived from closely related human-derived H7N9 strains contain fewer T cell epitopes than other recently circulating strains of influenza, and that conservation of T cell epitopes with other strains of influenza was very limited. Here, we provide a detailed accounting of the type and location of T cell epitopes contained in H7N9 and their conservation in other H7 and circulating (A/California/07/2009, A/Victoria/361/2011, and A/Texas/50/2012) influenza A strains. Based on this analysis, avian-origin H7N9 2013 appears to be a "stealth" virus, capable of evading human cellular and humoral immune response. Should H7N9 develop pandemic potential, this analysis predicts that novel strategies for improving vaccine immunogenicity for this unique low-immunogenicity strain of avian-origin influenza will be urgently needed.
Forefront of Ultra Low Pressure RO Membrane and Membrane Module. (1997)

It goes back for 25 years in 1972, low pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was developed in USA. Since that time, this low pressure RO membrane has been made rapid progress in producing of semiconductor-grade water in Japan. On the other hand, in USA and Europe, the low pressure RO membrane has been greatly developed for desalination of brackish water and refinement or condensation in food processing.Later we will explain the latest information of the low pressure composite RO membranes, especially in respect of the forefront of the ultra low pressure RO membrane which was developed for saving the energy and in respect of the module for food processing or vessel structure.
Control of Macropore Structure of Hydrocracking Catalyst by Silica-alumina Particle Size and Influence on Hydrocracking Activity and Middle Distillate Selectivity (2007)

Hydrocracking (HC) catalysts consisting mainly of silica-alumina and a small amount of ultra stable Y type (USY) zeolite were prepared with silica-alumina powders of different mean particle sizes, and the effects of particle size on the pore structure and HC catalytic performance were investigated. The structures of the macropores depended on the average particle size of the silica-alumina powder, with larger particle size resulting in larger mean pore diameter. The HC activities of prepared catalysts for straight run vacuum gas oil were also evaluated. Up to 300 nm, larger pore size led to higher HC activity, but pore size larger than 400 nm led to lower HC activity. These results suggest that there is an optimum macropore diameter for HC activity. Smaller macropore size provided higher middle distillate selectivity. This result suggests that the smaller macropores allow middle distillate oil molecules to escape easily, and avoid secondary cracking. These results indicate that selecting the optimum silica-alumina particle size for high diffusivity in HC catalysts is important to enhance catalytic activity without loss of middle distillate selectivity.
Multi‐site placebo‐controlled randomised clinical trial to assess protection following oral immunisation with inactivated non‐typeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016)

Patients aged 40-88 years with moderate to severe COPD and low rates of H. influenzae-positive sputum were not protected against exacerbations by HI-1640V. Further studies are needed to confirm protection in subjects aged <65 years. Older age and low colonisation rates appear to affect adversely response to this vaccine.
P‐130: Large‐Cell‐Gap Bistable TN‐LCD Based on Dual‐Frequency Operation (2006)

Abstract A bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display based on dual frequency driving electronics has been demonstrated. By using special combinations of alignment layers and liquid crystals, bistability can be achieved readily with cell gaps as large as 5μm.
Learning from Thresholds: Fully Automated Classification of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Multiple Cancer Types (2019)

Deep learning classifiers for characterization of whole slide tissue morphology require large volumes of annotated data to learn variations across different tissue and cancer types. As is well known, manual generation of digital pathology training data is time consuming and expensive. In this paper, we propose a semi-automated method for annotating a group of similar instances at once, instead of collecting only per-instance manual annotations. This allows for a much larger training set, that reflects visual variability across multiple cancer types and thus training of a single network which can be automatically applied to each cancer type without human adjustment. We apply our method to the important task of classifying Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in H&E images. Prior approaches were trained for individual cancer types, with smaller training sets and human-in-the-loop threshold adjustment. We utilize these thresholded results as large scale "semi-automatic" annotations. Combined with existing manual annotations, our trained deep networks are able to automatically produce better TIL prediction results in 12 cancer types, compared to the human-in-the-loop approach.
Synthesis and Characterization of CIT-13, a Germanosilicate Molecular Sieve with Extra-Large Pore Openings (2016)

The synthesis of the germanosilicate CIT-13, a molecular sieve that is the first to have a two-dimensional (2D) pore system possessing pores that are bounded by 14- and 10-rings, is accomplished using a family of monoquaternary, benzyl-imidazolium organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) in aqueous media containing fluoride. CIT-13 is prepared using either hydrogen fluoride (HF) or ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The structure refinement suggests that most of the Ge atoms are located in the d4r (double-4-rings) units, and that there are framework disorders in the arrangement of those d4r units. Other characterizations of CIT-13 such as 29Si MAS NMR spectra, Ar-adsorption isotherms, and so forth are presented and compared to those of IM-12 (UTL), a previously reported germanosilicate with 14- and 12-ring pores.
Fast efficient algorithm for enhancement of low lighting video (2010)

We describe a novel and effective video enhancement algorithm for low lighting video. The algorithm works by first inverting the input low-lighting video and then applying an image de-haze algorithm on the inverted input. To facilitate faster computation and improve temporal consistency, correlations between temporally neighboring frames are utilized. Simulations using naive implementations of the algorithm show good enhancement results and 2x speed-up as compared with frame-wise enhancement algorithms, with further improvements in both quality and speed possible.
Photonic Crystals: Spectral Transition in Bio‐Inspired Self‐Assembled Peptide Nucleic Acid Photonic Crystals (Adv. Mater. 11/2016) (2016)

Guanine crystals are present in the skin of a wide range of animals, providing vivid structural colors. Growing guanine crystals with similar optical properties in vitro is a still unmet challenge. Using guanine-based peptide nucleic acid monomers, a reflective array of self-assembled spheres is developed by E. Gazit and co-workers, as described on page 2195. The guanine-based supramolecular structure changes color, similar to the spectral change mechanism employed by chameleons.
Development of Synthetic Bone-Repair Materials for Craniofacial Reconstruction (1990)

In an effort to minimize problems associated with use of bone grafts and bank bone for craniofacial reconstruction, synthetic biodegradable alternatives are under development at the U.S. Army Institute of Dental Research. The focus is on composite materials in which either d,l-polylactide co-glycolide or porous tricalcium phosphate function as degradable delivery systems for bone-inductive proteins. Availability of synthetic bone-repair materials would eliminate the need for invasive graft-harvesting procedures, the dangers of pathogen transmission from, and immunogenic reaction to bank bone. In addition, synthetics should be more easily sculpted to restore facial contours. Elimination of the disadvantages of natural bone grafts would result in improved reconstructive care for victims of trauma, disease, and congenital deformity. Military surgeons can especially appreciate the potential of a convenient synthetic bone replacement for use in mass casualty situations where access to, and storage facilities for natural bone will be extremely limited. This review updates current treatments and requirements for synthetic bone-repair materials and describes several experimental materials under evaluation at the U.S. Army Institute of Dental Research.
Estimation of Fluid Composition From Downhole Optical Spectrometry (2015)

Summary During formation-tester operations, the use of downhole optical spectrometry has proved to be essential for reservoir-fluid characterization. Apart from the intrinsic value of fluid profiling, obtaining fluid properties downhole in real time is of particular interest because the results may affect the decision-making process during sampling and ultimately the success of the sampling operation. A new methodology predicts petroleum-fluid composition from optical spectra acquired with wireline or while-drilling formation testers. The method comprises fluid typing, computation of fluid composition, and estimation of data-specific uncertainty. The fluid-typing algorithm is capable of categorizing a sample into three fluid types: gas, gas condensate, and oil. On the basis of the fluid type identified, the appropriate mapping matrix, which transforms optical spectra into compositions, is selected. The mapping matrix is derived from a database consisting of optical spectra, compositions, and pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties of a wide variety of petroleum fluids. The outputs of the composition algorithm are the weight fractions of the hydrocarbon pseudocomponents: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6+, and carbon dioxide. The composition is used to estimate the gas/oil ratio (GOR) by means of an artificial-neural-network algorithm. As a measure of uncertainty, confidence intervals are computed for the predicted components of the composition and GOR. All results are available during acquisition of the data. The accuracy of the algorithm in estimating composition, GOR, and their associated confidence intervals was assessed by comparing the results of the predictions against laboratory-derived results. Several field data sets were analyzed, and the results were compared with the results obtained by PVT laboratories on the same samples. The estimated composition and GOR showed very good agreement with PVT results. Furthermore, the algorithm provides more-accurate estimates of composition and GOR than are available with current downhole optical spectrometers.
Highly fluorinated phosphonium ionic liquids: novel media for the generation of superhydrophobic coatings (2009)

A new class of highly fluorinated phosphonium ionic liquids (HFPILs) that are thermally stable, non-volatile, tuneable small molecules has been synthesized; they are uniquely suited for creating novel superhydrophobic coatings, offering a new paradigm in the application of ionic liquids.