gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by nordihydroguaiaretic acid. The role of alveolar macrophage activation and mediator production. (1986)

The role of alveolar macrophage activation and release of mediators remains unclear. In this study, this role is examined with respect to the effects of relatively selective inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. CBA/J mice were administered bleomycin (0.037 units) endotracheally to induce pulmonary fibrosis. Daily intraperitoneal injections of a lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibited pulmonary fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner (15-25 mg/kg body weight), as assessed by both lung collagen synthesis and total lung hydroxyproline content. The less specific inhibitor BW755c was also effective at a dose of 25 mg/kg. In contrast, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen (15 mg/kg), was completely ineffective. Correlated with this antifibrogenic activity of NDGA was the inhibition of several other parameters of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Bleomycin treatment caused a greater than threefold increase in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing Ia antigen (from 7.7% +/- 1.07% to 29.9% +/- 4.16% of total recoverable alveolar macrophages). NDGA, but not ibuprofen, inhibited this increase in a dose-dependent manner. Associated with this indication of macrophage stimulation was an increase in spontaneous macrophage production of fibroblast growth factor (MDGF) activity as a result of bleomycin instillation. This increase was also inhibited by NDGA treatment. In contrast, bleomycin treatment caused a reduction in alveolar macrophage interleukin-1 (IL-1) production, and NDGA treatment did not alter this reduction, which suggests that MDGF is separate from IL-1 in this case, and that MDGF played a more dominant role, at least in this model of pulmonary fibrosis. This antifibrogenic activity of NDGA was accomplished without any reduction in spontaneous macrophage prostaglandin (PG)E2 production, which suggests the selectivity (versus cyclooxygenase pathway) of NDGA inhibition and the relative lack of importance of macrophage-derived PGE2 in modulating fibrogenesis in this model. The results of this study have thus demonstrated the importance of alveolar macrophage stimulation and increased production of MDGF in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The data also suggest that both macrophage parameters are subject to regulation by arachidonate metabolites.
<i>Ex vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> platelet adhesion on RFGD deposited polymers (1992)

Clinical applications of small-diameter synthetic vascular grafts are hindered by their highly thrombogenic surfaces. To develop vascular grafts that resist thrombotic occlusion, a radio frequency glow discharge (RFGD) process was employed to modify the surface of existing graft materials. Ultrathin coatings of RFGD polymers of ethylene (E), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) were deposited on the lumen of Dacron grafts. Surfaces were characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The effect of glow discharge treatments on platelet-graft interactions was evaluated in an ex vivo baboon shunt model. Following placement of an untreated or RFGD-treated graft in the shunt, deposition of 111Indium-labeled platelets was monitored for 60 min by gamma camera imaging. Untreated Dacron rapidly accumulated large numbers of platelets, reaching a plateau in 60 min. HMDS- and TFE-treated Dacron had significantly lower levels of platelet deposition compared to the untreated control. In contrast, the ethylene treatment of Dacron augmented platelet deposition, making it the most platelet-adherent surface studied. In vitro studies were also performed using untreated and RFGD-treated poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) coverslips. ESCA verified that the surface composition of the untreated and RFGD-treated coverslips were virtually identical to their untreated and treated Dacron graft counterparts. Samples were incubated in washed baboon platelet suspensions for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Platelet adhesion on the untreated PET was relatively high, and many of the platelets had a completely spread morphology. The HMDS and TFE treatment of PET reduced the number of adherent platelets and prevented platelet spreading on the surface. Platelet adhesion and spreading on the ethylene-treated surface was the highest among the four studied. There is a remarkable linear correlation of the ex vivo and in vitro platelet adhesion data.
Tendon-Bone Insertion Repair and Regeneration Using Polyglycolic Acid Sheet in the Rabbit Rotator Cuff Injury Model (2008)

The PGA sheet represent a possible alternative scaffold material for tendon regeneration in rotator cuff repair.
Conflict and Satisfaction in an Industrial Channel of Distribution (1991)

A conceptual model was developed of distribution channel members′ manifest conflicts and their satisfaction. From this model, hypotheses are generated, aimed at untangling the causal relationship between these two constructs. Both a meta‐analysis of previous research and this first longitudinal study of distribution channel behaviour in the aircraft industry in North America of distribution channel behaviour uncovered a negative, contemporaneous relationship between satisfaction and conflict. Empirical study in the channel for an industrial product found the effect of channel member satisfaction over time to be mediated by the extent of manifest conflict. The impact of manifest conflict was found to be mediated by the degree of channel member satisfaction. In other words, channel member satisfaction and manifest conflict within the channel were both antecedents and consequences of each other.
Effect of Antipyretics on group A Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin Fever Production and Ability to Enhance Lethal Endotoxin Shock (1978)

The fever response of rabbits to group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) type C was effectively reduced by pretreatment of the animals with the antipyretics, indomethacin (25 mg/kg), acetylsalicylate (200 mg/kg), and cortisone (5 mg on each of three preceding days and 2 hr before given SPE). Indomethacin and acetylsalicylate also significantly reduced the fever response of rabbits to SPE type C if given near the time of maximum fever response (4 hr after SPE). None of the antipyretic agents protected the rabbits from SPE's capacity to enhance susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock.
Standardization of Sequencing Coverage Depth in NGS: Recommendation for Detection of Clonal and Subclonal Mutations in Cancer Diagnostics (2019)

The insufficient standardization of diagnostic next-generation sequencing (NGS) still limits its implementation in clinical practice, with the correct detection of mutations at low variant allele frequencies (VAF) facing particular challenges. We address here the standardization of sequencing coverage depth in order to minimize the probability of false positive and false negative results, the latter being underestimated in clinical NGS. There is currently no consensus on the minimum coverage depth, and so each laboratory has to set its own parameters. To assist laboratories with the determination of the minimum coverage parameters, we provide here a user-friendly coverage calculator. Using the sequencing error only, we recommend a minimum depth of coverage of 1,650 together with a threshold of at least 30 mutated reads for a targeted NGS mutation analysis of ≥3% VAF, based on the binomial probability distribution. Moreover, our calculator also allows adding assay-specific errors occurring during DNA processing and library preparation, thus calculating with an overall error of a specific NGS assay. The estimation of correct coverage depth is recommended as a starting point when assessing thresholds of NGS assay. Our study also points to the need for guidance regarding the minimum technical requirements, which based on our experience should include the limit of detection (LOD), overall NGS assay error, input, source and quality of DNA, coverage depth, number of variant supporting reads, and total number of target reads covering variant region. Further studies are needed to define the minimum technical requirements and its reporting in diagnostic NGS.
Optical absorption of CdSe quantum dots on electrodes with different morphology (2013)

We have studied the optical absorption of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) adsorbed on inverse opal TiO2 (IO-TiO2) and nanoparticulate TiO2 (NP-TiO2) electrodes using photoacoustic (PA) measurements. The CdSe QDs were grown directly on IO-TiO2 and NP-TiO2 electrodes by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method with different numbers of cycles. The average diameter of the QDs was estimated by applying an effective mass approximation to the PA spectra. The increasing size of the QDs with increasing number of cycles was confirmed by a redshift in the optical absorption spectrum. The average diameter of the CdSe QDs on the IO-TiO2 electrodes was similar to that on the NP-TiO2 ones, indicating that growth is independent of morphology. However, there were more CdSe QDs on the NP-TiO2 electrodes than on the IO-TiO2 ones, indicating that there were different amounts of active sites on each type of electrode. In addition, the Urbach parameter of the exponential optical absorption tail was also estimated from the PA spectrum. The Urbach parameter of CdSe QDs on IO-TiO2 electrodes was higher than that on NP-TiO2 ones, indicating that CdSe QDs on IO-TiO2 electrodes are more disordered states than those on NP-TiO2 electrodes. The Urbach parameter decreases in both cases with the increase of SILAR cycles, and it tended to move toward a constant value.
The role of <scp>FLT</scp>3 inhibitors in the treatment of <scp>FLT</scp>3‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia (2016)

FLT3 mutations are present in about one-third of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several FLT3 inhibitors have been used in clinical trials, and these include midostaurin, sorafenib, quizartinib, crenolanib, and gilteritinib. Monotherapy with early tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) did not have much success; however, later generation agents have shown more promising results. Combination with conventional chemotherapy may have benefit as evidenced by recently presented results, and data from ongoing trials are eagerly awaited. Several trials are also evaluating TKI given after HSCT, and a large international randomized trial is planned. We may be close to an era of targeted therapy where the standard of care for this biologically defined subset will involve incorporation of a FLT3 TKI during induction chemotherapy and after HSCT. It is important that our community continues to collaborate to conduct well-designed clinical trials to properly define the role of FLT3 TKIs in therapy for FLT3-mutant AML.
Exorcizing Watson's ghost (1988)

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User throughput-based quality of experience evaluation for in flight video streaming (2018)

Satisfaction of end users is one of the most important factors for every service provider. Given that a lot of factors along with the network conditions affect the user's experience, the network quality given by the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters alone cannot provide an accurate measure of the users Quality of Experience (QoE). Today, most of the airlines have started providing in-flight wi-fi services, which allow the passengers to use various Internet services while on-board the flight, such as send and receive e-mails, stream video from diverse online service providers, and so forth. Statistics show that more than 50% of the passengers use the provided wi-fi service to stream video, therefore, their perception of the video service will be determining for the service provider's performance. One easy way to evaluate the perceived video streaming (i.e. QoE) is by estimating the frequency of stalls. In our paper, we propose an evaluation method based on the user throughput values to determine the number of stalls the user may have experienced during an adaptive video streaming service. Our algorithm is not dependent on any user device property and requires only one input, namely, the throughput values delivered to the user device, which can be collected at either the router or if available, at the traffic shaper.
Paramagnetic liposomes for molecular MRI and MRI‐guided drug delivery (2013)

Liposomes are a versatile class of nanoparticles with tunable properties, and multiple liposomal drug formulations have been clinically approved for cancer treatment. In recent years, an extensive library of gadolinium (Gd)-containing liposomal MRI contrast agents has been developed for molecular and cellular imaging of disease-specific markers and for image-guided drug delivery. This review discusses the advances in the development and novel applications of paramagnetic liposomes in molecular and cellular imaging, and in image-guided drug delivery. A high targeting specificity has been achieved in vitro using ligand-conjugated paramagnetic liposomes. On targeting of internalizing cell receptors, the effective longitudinal relaxivity r1 of paramagnetic liposomes is modulated by compartmentalization effects. This provides unique opportunities to monitor the biological fate of liposomes. In vivo contrast-enhanced MRI studies with nontargeted liposomes have shown the extravasation of liposomes in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as tumors and myocardial infarction. The in vivo use of targeted paramagnetic liposomes has facilitated the specific imaging of pathophysiological processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Paramagnetic liposomes loaded with drugs have been utilized for therapeutic interventions. MR image-guided drug delivery using such liposomes allows the visualization and quantification of local drug delivery.
Measurement of the performance characteristics of anti-scatter grids (1987)

The authors have found it possible to construct and use a system for the measurement of the performance characteristics of anti-scatter grids in a hospital environment, coming as close as possible to the International Electrotechnical Commission standard on the subject. The precision of the results obtained for a given grid and the consistency between similar grids are promising. The use of a reference grid to check alignment would have been desirable and efforts to obtain one are in progress.
CFD model development and data comparison for thermal-hydraulic analysis of HTO pilot scale reactor (1995)

The DOE Hydrothermal Oxidation (HTO) program is validating computational methods for use in scaling up small HTO systems to production scale. As part of that effort, the computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT is being used to calculate the integrated fluid dynamics and chemical reactions in an HTO vessel reactor designed by MODAR, Inc. Previous validation of the code used data from a benchscale reactor. This reports presents the validation of the code using pilotscale (10 times greater throughput than benchscale) data. The model for the pilotscale reactor has been improved based upon the benchscale data by including better fluid thermal properties, a better solution algorithm, addition of external heat transfer, investigation of the effects of turbulent flow, and, although not built into the computer model, a technique for using the calculated adiabatic oxidation temperatures for selecting initial conditions. Thermal results from this model show very good agreement with the limited test data from MODAR Run 920. In addition to the reactor temperatures, flowfield details, including chemical reaction distribution, and simulated salt particle transport were obtained. This model will be very beneficial in designing and evaluating larger commercial scale units. The results of these calculations indicate that for model validation, more accurate boundary conditions need to be measured in future test runs.
Introduction of large linear minichromosomes into Schizosaccharomyces pombe by an improved transformation procedure. (1990)

The efficiency of transformation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been increased 10- to 50-fold over previously reported methods. By using 1 microgram of plasmid, 7.0 x 10(5) transformants are regularly obtained. This increased transformation efficiency is mainly due to the inclusion of the cationic liposome-forming reagent Lipofectin in the protocol. Various parameters affecting transformation of Sc. pombe in the presence of Lipofectin have been examined. Lipofectin can also be used to increase transformation efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is also demonstrated that by using this improved transformation procedure, linear minichromosomes of greater than 500 kilobases can be introduced into Sc. pombe with relative ease. These minichromosomes can replicate as stable linear molecules upon reintroduction into Sc. pombe, demonstrating that Sc. pombe telomeres retain function when reintroduced as naked DNA. The ability of Sc. pombe to admit large DNA molecules indicates that it should be feasible to clone large DNA from other organisms in Sc. pombe.
Data Transformation Technique for Protecting Private Information in Privacy Preserving Data Mining (2010)

Data mining is the process of extracting patterns from data. Data mining is seen as an increasingly important tool by modern business to transform data into an informational advantage. Data Mining can be utilized in any organization that needs to find patterns or relationships in their data. A group of techniques that find relationships that have not previously been discovered. In many situations, the extracted patterns are highly private and it should not be disclosed. In order to maintain the secrecy of data, there is in need of several techniques and algorithms for modifying the original data in order to limit the extraction of confidential patterns. There have been two types of privacy in data mining. The first type of privacy is that the data is altered so that the mining result will preserve certain privacy. The second type of privacy is that the data is manipulated so that the mining result is not affected or minimally affected. The aim of privacy preserving data mining researchers is to develop data mining techniques that could be applied on data bases without violating the privacy of individuals. Many techniques for privacy preserving data mining have come up over the last decade. Some of them are statistical, cryptographic, randomization methods, k-anonymity model, l-diversity and etc. In this work, we propose a new perturbative masking technique known as data transformation technique can be used for protecting the sensitive information. An experimental result shows that the proposed technique gives the better result compared with the existing technique. With the speedy development in database, networking, and computing technologies, a large amount of individual data can be integrated and investigated digitally, leading to an increased use of data-mining tools to infer trends and patterns. This has lifted worldwide concerns about protecting the privacy of individuals. Privacy preserving data mining (PPDM) refers to the area of data mining that seeks to safeguard sensitive information from unsolicited or unsanctioned disclosure. The main objective in privacy preserving data mining is to develop algorithms for modifying the original data in some way, so that the private data and private knowledge remain private even after the mining process.(11) The need for shielding numerical data from leak has gained significant importance in recent years. Government organizations which release data have always been interested in this problem. However, with the increase in the ability of organizations to gather, store, analyze, disseminate, and share data, there has also been a growing demand for commercial organizations to secure sensitive data from disclosure. Recent legislation worldwide has made this an important issue for all organizations that gather and store any sensitive information.
Electromagnetic Anechoic Chambers: A Fundamental Design and Specification Guide (2002)

A practical one-volume guide to anechoic chamber designs for electromagnetic measurements The electromagnetic anechoic chamber has been with us since it was invented at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC, in the early 1950s. Just about every major aerospace company has large numbers of them located throughout the United States and the world. Now, because of the stringent electromagnetic interference requirements that must be considered in the development of all new electronic products, these facilities are appearing in the automotive, telecommunications, aerospace, computer, and other industries. This handbook provides the designer/procurer of electromagnetic chambers with a single source of practical information on the full range of anechoic chamber designs. It reviews the current state of the art in indoor electromagnetic testing facilities and their design and specifications. You'll find information on a large variety of anechoic chambers used for a broad range of electromagnetic measurements that are commonly conducted in indoor test facilities as well as details on: * Measurement theory to support the chamber design procedures provided in each of the specific chamber designs * Test facilities for the measurement of antennas, scattering (RCS), and electromagnetic compatibility * An extensive set of photographs, including a special color section highlighting some of the more interesting anechoic test facilities that have been built to solve various measurement problems * Design/procurement checklists
Enzymatic Determination of Methanol with Alcohol Oxidase, Peroxidase, and the Chromogen 2,2‘-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Its Application to the Determination of the Methyl Ester Content of Pectins (1996)

A method for the determination of methanol using alcohol oxidase, peroxidase, and 2,2‘-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was developed. The procedure, which uses alcohol oxidase, is advantageous over other photometric procedures in that a subsequent reduction step is eliminated. The use of peroxidase and ABTS offers the further advantage of sensitive detection of the formed hydrogen peroxide. The sensitivity of the assay is 0.05−1.0 μg/(mL of methanol). Moreover, the procedure is very rapid. The methyl ester content in a sample of pectin was determined from the methanol liberated upon its alkaline hydrolysis. Keywords: Pectin; methanol; degree of esterification; alcohol oxidase; peroxidase; ABTS
Na/K-ATPase, endogenous digitalis-like compounds and cancer development - A hypothesis (2005)

The primary transport system of sodium and potassium across the plasma cell membrane, the Na/K-ATPase, is a vital enzyme involved in numerous cellular events. This enzyme is the receptor for plant and amphibian steroids such as ouabain, digoxin and bufalin. In the past decade several endogenous steroids, identical or similar to the plant and amphibian steroids, termed here collectively digitalis-like compounds (DLC), have been identified in human tissues. This paper raises the hypothesis that alterations in the metabolism of endogenous DLC and in their interactions with the Na/K-ATPase may be associated with the development of malignancies. This hypothesis is based on the review of the literature pointing to: 1. An abnormal activity of the Na/K-ATPase and its sensitivity to DLC in malignant cells; 2. Abnormal plasma DLC concentrations in cancer patients; 3. Abnormal synthesis and release of DLC in immune compromised mice; and 4. Beneficial effects of DLC in the treatment of cancer.