gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Crosstalk-Avoidance and Error-Correction Coding for Parallel Data Buses (2018)

Communication in integrated circuits faces two major impediments: inter-wire capacitive coupling and noise. Coding can be used to address both these problems. So-called crosstalk-avoidance codes mitigate capacitive coupling, and traditional error-correction codes introduce resilience against channel errors. Unfortunately, crosstalk-avoidance and error-correction codes cannot be combined in a straightforward manner. On the one hand, crosstalk-avoidance encoding followed by error-correction encoding destroys the crosstalk-avoidance property. On the other hand, error-correction encoding followed by crosstalk-avoidance encoding causes the crosstalk-avoidance decoder to fail in the presence of errors. Existing approaches circumvent this difficulty by using additional bus wires to protect the parities generated from the output of the error-correction encoder, and are therefore inefficient. In this paper, we propose a novel joint crosstalk-avoidance and error-correction coding and decoding scheme that provides higher bus transmission rates compared with existing approaches. Our joint approach carefully embeds the parities such that the crosstalk-avoidance property is preserved. We analyze the rate and minimum distance of the proposed scheme. We also provide a density evolution analysis and predict iterative decoding thresholds for reliable communication under random bus erasures. This density evolution analysis is nonstandard, since the crosstalk-avoidance constraints are inherently nonlinear.
Bridge Floating-Point Fused Multiply-Add Design (2008)

A new floating-point fused multiply-add (FMA) design for the execution of (A times B) + C as a single instruction is presented. The bridge fused multiply-add unit is a design intended to add FMA functionality to existing floating-point coprocessor units by including specialized hardware that reuses floating-point adder and floating-point multiplier components. The bridge unit adds this functionality without requiring an overhaul of coprocessor control units and without degrading the performance or parallel execution of addition and multiplication single instructions. To evaluate the performance, area, and power costs of adding a bridge FMA unit to common floating-point execution blocks, several circuits including a double-precision floating-point adder, floating-point multiplier, classic FMA, and a bridge FMA unit have been designed and implemented with AMD 65-nm silicon-on-insulator technology to provide a realistic and fair analysis of the presented FMA hardware tradeoffs.
L2-Nonexpansive Neural Networks (2018)

This paper proposes a class of well-conditioned neural networks in which a unit amount of change in the inputs causes at most a unit amount of change in the outputs or any of the internal layers. We develop the known methodology of controlling Lipschitz constants to realize its full potential in maximizing robustness, with a new regularization scheme for linear layers, new ways to adapt nonlinearities and a new loss function. With MNIST and CIFAR-10 classifiers, we demonstrate a number of advantages. Without needing any adversarial training, the proposed classifiers exceed the state of the art in robustness against white-box L2-bounded adversarial attacks. They generalize better than ordinary networks from noisy data with partially random labels. Their outputs are quantitatively meaningful and indicate levels of confidence and generalization, among other desirable properties.
A hybrid multilevel inverter with reduced power electronic components with unipolar trapezoidal pulse width modulation (2017)

In this paper, a hybrid multilevel inverter is proposed with a minimum number of power electronics component for making the quality of output voltage waveform which is utilized for medium/high power application. The proposed multilevel inverter is the combination of a full bridge (H-bridge) and single phase reduced switch multilevel inverter. In this work, the full bridge inverter performs to increase the output voltage level is twice when compared with existing output voltage level. The reduced switch multilevel inverter has the switch and diode combination with separate DC source per basic unit. It can operate at both symmetric and asymmetric sequences, especially in the binary sequence. If the reduced switch multilevel inverter topology operates at the symmetric condition, the proposed topology will generate 11-level output voltage whereas the reduced switch topology operates in a binary sequence, the proposed topology will generate the 15-level output voltage. The % total harmonic distortion for 11-level and 15-level is 10.47% and 8.19%. Selected simulation results are shown in order to verify the operation of the proposed topology at both conditions.
Cross‐reactive humoral responses to influenza and their implications for a universal vaccine (2013)

Influenza remains one of the most important causes of respiratory infection despite the widespread availability of vaccines. As effective vaccines against influenza principally rely on the induction of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies for their protective efficacy, drifted escape mutants and genetically reassortant pandemic strains can rapidly overcome them. Several groups have recently described cross-reactive influenza antibodies in humans, some of which bind to the conserved hemagglutinin stem. If such antibodies could be consistently induced at high levels by vaccines, they might protect against both seasonal and pandemic influenza strains. Here we discuss the humoral responses to influenza infection and vaccination, with particular reference to the pandemic H1N1 2009 virus and induction of broadly cross-reactive stem-binding antibodies. Having shown that cross-reactive antibodies are preferentially induced by a pandemic hemagglutinin, the challenge is now to design a vaccine that applies these principles to the induction of heterosubtypic immunity.
New frontiers in quantum cascade lasers and applications (2000)

Recent advances and new directions in quantum cascade (QC) lasers are discussed. Invented in 1994 following many years of research on band-structure engineered semiconductors and devices grown by molecular beam epitaxy, this fundamentally new laser has rapidly advanced to a leading position among midinfrared semiconductor lasers in terms of wavelength agility as well as power and temperature performance. Because of the cascaded structure, QC lasers have a slope efficiency proportional to the number of stages. Devices with 100 stages having a record peak power of 0.6 W at room temperature are reported. QC lasers in the AlInAs-GaInAs lattice matched to InP material system can now be designed to emit in the whole midinfrared range from 4 to 20 /spl mu/m by appropriately choosing the thickness of the quantum wells in the active region. Using strained AlInAs-GaInAs, wavelengths as short as 3.4 /spl mu/m have been produced. New results on QC lasers emitting at 19 /spl mu/m, the longest ever realized in a III-V semiconductor laser, are reported. These devices use innovative plasmon waveguides to greatly enhance the mode confinement factor, thereby reducing the thickness of the epitaxial material. By use of a distributed feedback (DFB) geometry, QC lasers show single-mode emission with a 30-dB side-mode suppression ratio. Broad continuous single-mode tuning by either temperature or current has been demonstrated in these DFB QC lasers at wavelengths in two atmospheric windows (3-5 and 8-13 /spl mu/m), with continuous-wave linewidths <1 MHz when free running and /spl sim/10 KHz with suitable locking to the side of a molecular transition. These devices have been used in a number of chemical sensing and spectroscopic applications, demonstrating the capability of detecting parts per billion in volume of several trace gases. Sophisticated band-structure engineering has allowed the design and demonstration of bidirectional lasers. These devices emit different wavelengths for opposite bias polarities. The last section of the paper deals with the high-speed operation of QC lasers. Gain switching with pulse widths /spl sim/50 ps and active modelocking with a few picosecond-long pulses have been demonstrated. Finally, a new type of passive modelocking has been demonstrated in QC lasers, which relies on the giant and ultrafast optical Kerr effect of intersubband transitions.
AI^2: Training a Big Data Machine to Defend (2016)

We present AI2, an analyst-in-the-loop security system where Analyst Intuition (AI) is put together with state-of-the-art machine learning to build a complete end-to-end Artificially Intelligent solution (AI). The system presents four key features: a big data behavioral analytics platform, an outlier detection system, a mechanism to obtain feedback from security analysts, and a supervised learning module. We validate our system with a real-world data set consisting of 3.6 billion log lines and 70.2 million entities. The results show that the system is capable of learning to defend against unseen attacks. With respect to unsupervised outlier analysis, our system improves the detection rate in 2.92× and reduces false positives by more than 5×.
Self sensing feedback for dielectric elastomer actuators (2013)

Self sensing Dielectric Elastomer Actuator (DEA) artificial muscles will enable the creation of soft, lightweight robots with animal-like capabilities. We demonstrate a fast, accurate, and economic self sensing algorithm that enables an arbitrary voltage oscillation to be used to sense DEA capacitance during actuation in a manner that is robust to significant changes in electrode resistance and leakage current. Not only we can use this algorithm to emulate the proprioceptive feedback found in natural muscle but also we can use it for the online characterisation and analysis of DEA behavior.
Wide field of view catadioptrical head-mounted display (2004)

Many applications have used a Head-Mounted Display (HMD), such as in virtual and mixed realities, and tele-presence. The advantage of HMD systems is the ease of feeling a 3D world in the display of animation or movies. However, the field of view (FOV) of commercial HMD systems is too narrow for feeling immersion. The horizontal FOV of many commercial HMDs is around 60 degrees, significantly narrower than that of humans. In this paper, we propose a super wide field of view catadioptrical head-mounted display consisting of an ellipsoidal and a hyperboloidal curved mirror. The horizontal FOV of the proposed HMD is 180 degrees and includes the peripheral view of humans. It increases reality and immersion of users. As well, the central region (60 degrees) of the FOV can measure 3D distances using stereoscopics.
(Invited) Nanocrystalline Diamond for Near Junction Heat Spreading in GaN Power HEMTs (2014)

Reduced performance in Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) as a result of self-heating has been well-documented. A new approach, termed “gate after diamond,” is shown to improve the thermal budget of the deposition process and enable large-area diamond in a reliable and scalable way without degrading the gate metal. This work will highlight initial assessments of top-side diamond integration in GaN HEMTs as well as development efforts on back-side diamond coatings and diamond contacts for further improvements to the thermal management scheme.
Personalized Sheet Music Search (2020)

This paper discusses a novel system for querying digital sheet music using musical metadata. Users select instruments and playable ranges for an ensemble using a custom note entry tool. From this ensemble profile, the system generates SQL queries to find matching compositions based on ranges rather than motifs. The system extracts metadata such as instrument ranges, keys, and meters from MusicXML and vectorized PDF documents. Metadata is extracted by a proprietary algorithm without recourse to optical music recognition (OMR), in concert with music21.
Synthesis of Fluorophore-Doped Polystyrene Microspheres: Seed Material for Airflow Sensing (2015)

Kiton red 620 (KR620) doped polystyrene latex microspheres (PSLs) were synthesized via soap-free emulsion polymerization to be utilized as a relatively nontoxic, fluorescent seed material for airflow characterization experiments. Poly(styrene-co-styrenesulfonate) was used as the PSL matrix to promote KR620 incorporation. Additionally, a bicarbonate buffer and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), polyD, cationic polymer were added to the reaction solution to stabilize the pH and potentially influence the electrostatic interactions between the PSLs and dye molecules. A design of experiments (DOE) approach was used to efficiently investigate the variation of these materials. Using a 4-factor, 2-level response surface design with a center point, a series of experiments were performed to determine the dependence of these factors on particle diameter, diameter size distribution, fluorescent emission intensity, and KR620 retention. Using statistical analysis, the factors and factor interactions that most significantly affect the outputs were identified. These particles enabled velocity measurements to be made much closer to walls and surfaces than previously. Based on these results, KR620-doped PSLs may be utilized to simultaneously measure the velocity and mixing concentration, among other airflow parameters, in complex flows.
Recombinant prostate-specific antigen proaerolysin shows selective protease sensitivity and cell cytotoxicity (2007)

Native proaerolysin is a channel-forming bacterial protoxin that binds to cell-surface receptors and then is activated by furin or furin-like proteases. We genetically engineered proaerolysin by replacing the furin-cleavage sequence with a prostate-specific antigen-selective sequence. The recombinant modified proaerolysin was expressed and purified from Aeromonas salmonicida in good yields and purity. Recombinant modified proaerolysin had no furin sensitivity and markedly increased prostate-specific antigen sensitivity relative to wild-type proaerolysin. Human prostate cancer cells were significantly more sensitive to recombinant modified proaerolysin in the presence of active prostate-specific antigen when compared with the absence of prostate-specific antigen or the presence of potent prostate-specific antigen inhibitors. Most normal human cells with the exception of prostate and renal epithelial cells showed very low sensitivity to recombinant modified proaerolysin. Our results suggest that recombinant modified proaerolysin is a potent prostate-specific antigen-sensitive protoxin that deserves further development for regional therapy of benign and malignant prostate growths.
Polymorphisms of the prion gene promoter region that influence classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy susceptibility are not applicable to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in cattle1,2 (2007)

Two regulatory region polymorphisms in the prion gene of cattle have been reported to have an association with resistance to classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, it is not known if this association also applies to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in cattle. In this report, we compare the relationship between these 2 polymorphisms and resistance in cattle affected with naturally occurring atypical BSE as well as in cattle experimentally inoculated with either scrapie, chronic wasting disease, or transmissible mink encephalopathy. Our analysis revealed no association between genotype and resistance to atypical BSE or experimentally inoculated TSE. This indicates the promoter polymorphism correlation is specific to classical BSE and that atypical BSE and experimentally inoculated TSE are bypassing the site of influence of the polymorphisms. This genetic discrepancy demonstrates that atypical BSE progresses differently in the host relative to classical BSE. These results are consistent with the notion that atypical BSE originates spontaneously in cattle.
Discovery of 1-Butyl-3-chloro-4-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-(1 <i>H</i> )-pyridone (JNJ-40411813): A Novel Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Metabotropic Glutamate 2 Receptor (2014)

We previously reported the discovery of 4-aryl-substituted pyridones with mGlu2 PAM activity starting from the HTS hit 5. In this article, we describe a different exploration from 5 that led to the discovery of a novel subseries of phenylpiperidine-substituted pyridones. The optimization strategy involved the introduction of different spacers between the pyridone core and the phenyl ring of 5. The fine tuning of metabolism and hERG followed by differentiation of advanced leads that were identified on the basis of PK profiles and in vivo potency converged on lead compound 36 (JNJ-40411813). Full in vitro and in vivo profiles indicate that 36 displayed an optimal interplay between potency, selectivity, favorable ADMET/PK and cardiovascular safety profile, and central EEG activity. Compound 36 has been investigated in the clinic for schizophrenia and anxious depression disorders.
Rapid and Efficient Conversion of Integration-Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to GMP-Grade Culture Conditions (2014)

Data suggest that clinical applications of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) will be realized. Nonetheless, clinical applications will require hiPSCs that are free of exogenous DNA and that can be manufactured through Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Optimally, derivation of hiPSCs should be rapid and efficient in order to minimize manipulations, reduce potential for accumulation of mutations and minimize financial costs. Previous studies reported the use of modified synthetic mRNAs to reprogram fibroblasts to a pluripotent state. Here, we provide an optimized, fully chemically defined and feeder-free protocol for the derivation of hiPSCs using synthetic mRNAs. The protocol results in derivation of fully reprogrammed hiPSC lines from adult dermal fibroblasts in less than two weeks. The hiPSC lines were successfully tested for their identity, purity, stability and safety at a GMP facility and cryopreserved. To our knowledge, as a proof of principle, these are the first integration-free iPSCs lines that were reproducibly generated through synthetic mRNA reprogramming that could be putatively used for clinical purposes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Sapelovirus Strain USA/IA33375/2015 Identified in the United States (2016)

The complete genome of sapelovirus A, formerly known as porcine sapelovirus (PSV), from a diarrheic pig was sequenced for the first time in the United States (designated PSV USA/IA33375/2015). It shares 87.8% to 83.9% nucleotide identities with other reported PSV strains globally and is most closely related to Asia PSV strains.
Recent Breakthroughs in Hollow Core Fiber Technology (2021)

The performance of Hollow Core Fibers has improved dramatically over the last 6 years. We report progress of the most successful design, Nested Antiresonant Nodeless Fiber, with losses of 0.28 dB/km.
Channel Hopping Multiple Access with Packet Trains for Ad Hoc Networks (2000)

Abstract : We present a new medium-access control protocol for ad hoc networks that does not require carrier sensing or the preassignment of unique codes to nodes to ensure that intended receivers receive unicast, or multicast, or broadcast data packets without interference from hidden sources. We call this new protocol channel hopping access with trains (CHAT). CHAT combines the notion of packet trains with synchronous channel hopping to improve channel utilization. We compare CHAT against two of the most efficient protocols proposed to date based on the preassignment of codes (MACA-CT), or channel hopping with no predefined code assignment (CHMA) via simulations. The results show that CHAT provides considerable improvement in the throughput of an ad hoc network for unicast traffic, broadcast traffic and mixed traffic consisting of both unicast and broadcast transmissions. CHAT is applicable to ad hoc networks based on commercial off-the- shelf spread spectrum radios operating in unlicensed frequency bands.
A Multi-Purpose Finite State-Based Standing Controller for a Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis (2011)

This thesis presents the design and testing of a standing controller for a powered transfemoral prosthesis that is capable of real-time ground slope adaptation and sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions. The controller is implemented as a finite state machine that performs state transitions based upon mechanical signals measured in the prosthesis. The ground slope adaptation is enabled by an inertial measurement algorithm that utilizes accelerometers and gyroscopes. The performance of the controller is compared to a commercially-available passive prosthesis through testing on an amputee subject. The prosthesis is shown to provide biomechanically normal ankle impedances while standing on a range of ground slopes. Additionally, the test subjectâs weight bearing distribution while using the powered prosthesis is improved on all tested slopes relative to the passive prosthesis.
TH‐C‐144‐01: BEST IN PHYSICS (THERAPY) – Use of Radiation‐Induced Ultrasound to Image Proton Dosimetry (2013)

Purpose: The objectives of this study are to simulate the ionizing radiation induced thermoacoustic signal from scanning proton beam; and investigate the various designs and techniques of ultrasound tomographic imaging to map three dimensional dose (3D) proton dose distributions. Methods: A 3D dose and proton fluence distribution in a water phantom from a scanning spot beam from a treatment nozzle was simulated using a Monte Carlo (MC) code FLUKA (v. 2012) for 6.5, 16 and 27 cm proton range. An initial radio‐acoustic computed tomographic (RCT) scanner design of a cylinder with 128 transducer array (0.5MHz center frequency; 50% bandwidth at −6dB; flat surface) centered along the height of the cylinder (z‐axis) at a radial distance of 15 cm was evaluated. The thermoacoustic generated pressure signals from the proton beam were simulated and digitally sampled for each transducer over time, which was rotated over 30 angles about isocenter. A 3D filtered backprojection algorithm was used to reconstruct the dosimetric image volume consisting of the Bragg peak (initially at 5×5×5mm3), and then compared to the MC results. Results: The comparison between the beam profiles as simulated by MC and measured from commissioning of the beam had an estimated deviation of about 2%. An analysis of the RCT intensity dependence on depth as compared to MC simulated data demonstrated that the distal edge of the Bragg peak was within binning size of the reconstruction image and MC position prediction, with an average variation in RCT intensity around 6%. Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrates that RCT can be used to monitor the dose distribution and proton range in proton therapy. Additional scanner designs (geometry, transducer bandwidth consideration, phantom designs) will be investigated and presented, such as phase‐array methods. Acquiring measurement data to compare with the simulated data is work in progress.
Generalized process structure grammars GPSG for flexible representations of work (1996)

The promise of workflow solutions for coordinating organizational processes is currently being obscured by strong criticism of the rigidity of their work representations. This rigidity arises in part from viewing work processes as unfolding along a single line of temporally chained activities. In reality, work evolves both horizontally, in the cooperation of causally unrelated, but information-sharing tasks, and vertically, in the coordination of causally-dependent activities. In this paper, we present our process modeling approach which (1) views documents and tasks as duals of each other, capturing horizontal cooperation and (2) exploits constraints to express the SOP dependencies among related activities and documents within the framework of generative rule-based grammars for processes. thus handling vertical coordination.