gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive load evaluation of handwriting using stroke-level features (2011)

This paper examines several writing features for the evaluation of cognitive load. Our analysis is focused on writing features within and between written strokes, including writing pressure, writing velocity, stroke length and inter-stroke movements. Based on a study of 20 subjects performing a sentence composition task, the reported findings reveal that writing pressure and writing velocity information are very good indicators of cognitive load. A stroke selection threshold was investigated for constraining the feature extraction to long strokes, which resulted in a small further improvement. Differing from most previous research investigating cognitive load during writing based on task performance criteria, this work proposes a new approach to cognitive load measurement using writing dynamics, with the potential to allow new or improve existing handwriting interfaces.
A 40nm CMOS single-chip 50Gb/s DP-QPSK/BPSK transceiver with electronic dispersion compensation for coherent optical channels (2012)

Optical communication technology in long-haul and metropolitan links is experiencing a transition to coherent techniques and high spectral efficiency modulation formats such as dual-polarization (DP) QPSK, DP-QAM and OFDM. The combination of coherent demodulation and DSP allows costly optical signal-processing hardware used to compensate fiber optic impairments such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) to be replaced by DSP-based techniques [1]. Economic large-scale deployment of coherent systems requires the integration of the optical transceiver functions in CMOS technology.
Regenerative Wound Healing: The Role of Interleukin-10 (2013)

<b>Significance:</b> Postnatal wounds heal with characteristic scar formation. In contrast, the mid-gestational fetus is capable of regenerative healing, which results in wound repair that is indistinguishable from uninjured skin. However, the underlying mechanisms of fetal regenerative phenotype are unknown. <b>Recent Advances:</b> The potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), plays an essential role in the ability of the fetus to heal regeneratively and has been shown to recapitulate scarless healing in postnatal tissue. IL-10's ability to facilitate regenerative healing is likely a result of pleiotropic effects, through regulation of the inflammatory response, as well as novel roles as a regulator of the extracellular matrix, fibroblast cellular function, and endothelial progenitor cells. Overexpression of IL-10 using a variety of methods has been demonstrated to recapitulate the fetal regenerative phenotype in post-natal tissue, in conjunction with promising results of Phase II clinical trials using recombinant IL-10. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Successful wound healing is a complex process that requires coordination of multiple growth factors, cell types, and extracellular cellular matrix components. IL-10 has been demonstrated to be critical in the fetus' intrinsic ability to heal without scars, and, further, can induce scarless healing in postnatal tissue. The mechanisms through which IL-10 facilitates this regeneration are likely the result of IL-10's pleiotropic effects. Efforts to develop IL-10 as an anti-scarring agent have demonstrated promising results. <b>Future Directions:</b> Further studies on the delivery, including dose, route, and timing, are required in order to successfully translate these promising findings from <i>in vitro</i> studies and animal models into clinical practice. IL-10 holds significant potential as an anti-scarring therapeutic.
Mechanism of Resist Pattern Collapse during Development Process (1993)

In this study, the mechanism of resist pattern collapse during the resist development process is investigated. Resist pattern collapse occurs while the rinse liquid is being dried off. This conclusion was reached after observing the resist pattern before and after the rinse-liquid drying process. The resist pattern in the rinse liquid was observed using an atomic force microscope. The source of resist pattern collapse is the surface tension of the rinse liquid. The force increases with decreasing space width between resist patterns. To avoid the resist pattern collapse problem, the use of a low-surface-tension rinse liquid, a rinse liquid with contact angle ∼90° at the resist surface, or a rigid and highly adhesive resist material is effective.
Strategies for scatter correction in dual source CT (2010)

Both model-based and measurement-based scatter correction can mitigate the negative effects of cross-scatter in DSCT. The application of low-pass filtering to the scatter-correction term improves the CNR whenever the ratio of scattered radiation to total signal is high, as in larger patients.
Prediction-based packet loss concealment for voice over IP: a statistical N-gram approach (2005)

We investigate the possibility of predicting lost packets for packet loss concealment using n-gram predictive models. Unlike the conventional repetition-based algorithms, the proposed algorithm is based on the Shannon game, which serves as a principle for predicting the speech parameters of lost packets using the previously received parameters. During the training phase, we construct statistical backoff n-gram models. In the test phase, the models are used to predict the speech parameters of lost packets. Experiments were performed on a switchboard telephone speech database and the proposed algorithm is compared with the conventional repetition-based algorithm. The performance is evaluated in terms of the spectral distortion between the original and the predicted (or repeated) speech. The algorithm based on the back-off n-gram models reduces the spectral distortion by 8.7% over the conventional repetition-based algorithm for the first lost packet after receiving one. Further, it maintains about 6.2% improvement for up to six consecutive lost packets. In terms of perplexity of the predictive models, the backoff n-gram approach outperforms the repetition-based algorithm by 8.65%, which is very close to the improvement rate obtained from the spectral distortion measurement.
<title>Medical applications of ultrashort-pulse lasers</title> (1999)

The medical applications for ultra short pulse lasers (USPLs) and their associated commercial potential are reviewed. Short pulse lasers offer the surgeon the possibility of precision cutting or disruption of tissue with virtually no thermal or mechanical damage to the surrounding areas. Therefore the USPL offers potential improvement to numerous existing medical procedures. Secondly, when USPLs are combined with advanced tissue diagnostics, there are possibilities for tissue-selective precision ablation that may allow for new surgeries that cannot at present be performed. Here we briefly review the advantages of short pulse lasers, examine the potential markets both from an investment community perspective, and from the view of the technology provider. Finally nominal performance and cost requirements for the lasers, delivery systems and diagnostics and the present state of development will be addressed.
Synthesis Of [2h, 13c] And [2h3, 13c]Methyl Aryl Sulfides (2004)

The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C], [.sup.2 H.sub.2, .sup.13 C] and [.sup.2 H.sub.3, .sup.13 C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the .sup.13 C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are each independently, hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a halogen, an amino group from the group consisting of NH.sub.2, NHR and NRR' where R and R' are each a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, or an alkoxy group. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C], [.sup.2 H.sub.2,.sup.13 C] and [.sup.2 H.sub.3, .sup.13 C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the .sup.13 C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to the labeled compounds of [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C]methyl iodide and [.sup.2 H.sub.2, .sup.13 C]methyl iodide.
Cloning and Molecular Characterization of Plasmid-Encoded Antigens of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (1999)

Thirteen independent clones that encode Borrelia burgdorferi antigens utilizing antiserum from infection-immune rabbits were identified. The serum was adsorbed against noninfectious B. burgdorferi B31 to enrich for antibodies directed against either infection-associated antigens of B. burgdorferi B31 or proteins preferentially expressed during mammalian infection. The adsorption efficiency of the immune rabbit serum (IRS) was assessed by Western immunoblot analysis with protein lysates derived from infectious and noninfectious B. burgdorferi B31. The adsorbed IRS was used to screen a B. burgdorferi expression library to identify immunoreactive phage clones. Clones were then expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently analyzed by Western blotting to determine the molecular mass of the recombinant B. burgdorferi antigens. Southern blot analysis of the 13 clones indicated that 10 contained sequences unique to infectious B. burgdorferi. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the 13 clones were composed of 9 distinct genetic loci and that all of the genes identified were plasmid encoded. Five of the clones carried B. burgdorferi genes previously identified, including those encoding decorin binding proteins A and B (dbpAB), a rev homologue present on the 9-kb circular plasmid (cp9), a rev homologue from the 32-kb circular plasmid (cp32-6), erpM, and erpX. Additionally, four previously uncharacterized loci with no known homologues were identified. One of these unique clones encoded a 451-amino-acid lipoprotein with 21 consecutive, invariant 9-amino-acid repeats near the amino terminus that we have designated VraA (for "virulent strain-associated repetitive antigen A"). Since all the antigens identified are recognized by serum from infection immune rabbits, these antigens represent potential vaccine candidates and, based on the identification of dbpAB in this screen, may also be involved in pathogenic processes operative in Lyme borreliosis.
Non-Local Model for the Spatial Distribution of Impact Ionization Events in Avalanche Photodiodes (2013)

We report an extension of the analytical dead space multiplication theory that provides the means to theoretically determine the spatial distribution of electron and hole impact-ionization events in an arbitrarily specified heterojunction multiplication region. The model can be used to understand the role of the dead space in regularizing the locations of impact ionization. It can also be utilized to analyze, design, and optimize new generations of ultra-low noise, multistaged gain avalanche photodiodes based upon judiciously energizing and relaxing carriers to enhance electron impact ionization and suppress hole impact ionization.
Online recursive estimation of attention and salient regions in visual scenes (2010)

This paper describes an algorithm and system for rapidly generating a saliency map and finding interesting regions and in large-sized (i.e., extremely high-resolution) imagery and video. Previous methods of finding salient or interesting regions have a fundamental shortcoming: they need to process the entire image before the saliency map can be outputted and are therefore very slow for large images. Any prior attempts at parallelizing this operation involve computing feature maps on separate processors, but these methods cannot provide a result until the entire image has been processed. Rather than employing a single-step process, our system uses a recursive approach to estimate the saliency, processing parts of the image in sequence and providing an approximate saliency map for these regions immediately. With each new part of the image, a series of normalization factors is updated that connects all image parts analyzed so far. As more of the image parts are analyzed, the saliency map of the previously analyzed parts as well as newly analyzed parts becomes more exact. In the end, an exact global saliency map of the entire image is available. This algorithm can be viewed as (1) a fast, parallelizable version of prior art, and/or (2) a new paradigm for computing saliency in large imagery/video. This is critical, as the analysis of large, high-resolution imagery becomes more commonplace. This system can be employed in a default, bottom-up manner or a directed, top-down manner which will assign a preference to certain features over others. One can apply this system to any static scene, whether that is a still photograph or an image captured from video.
Genetic Analysis of an Induced Mutation Conferring Imidazolinone Resistance in Sunflower (2008)

Weeds negatively impact sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) yields and to date few mutants conferring herbicide tolerance have been developed. Our objectives were to identify, characterize, and determine the inheritance of herbicide resistance in a new imidazolinone‐resistant mutation‐derived sunflower line. This line was obtained through ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of seeds and selection with imazapyr herbicide {2‐[( RS )‐4‐isopropyl‐4‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl]nicotinic acid} from an M 2 population of nearly 600,000 plants. An M 2:4 line homozygous for the trait was selected for genetic studies and was designated as CLHA‐PLUS. This mutant line possesses higher levels of tolerance to imazapyr and imazamox {2‐[( RS )‐4‐isopropyl‐4‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl]‐5‐methoxymethylnicotinic acid} than that observed in sunflower lines carrying the already described gene Imr1 which traced back to wild populations. On the basis of analysis of F 1 , F 2 , and BC 1 F 1 populations, it was concluded that resistance in CLHA‐PLUS is inherited as a single, partially dominant nuclear gene. An allelism test performed with two different herbicide application rates and a cosegregation test of resistance to a perfect simple sequence repeat marker for the AHASL1 gene of sunflower permitted us to conclude that the mutation present in CLHA‐PLUS is different from Imr1 and that both of them are allelic variants of the locus AHASL1
Finite alphabet iterative decoders for LDPC codes surpassing floating-point iterative decoders (2011)

Introduced is a new type of message-passing (MP) decoders for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over the binary symmetric channel. Unlike traditional belief propagation (BP) based MP algorithms which propagate probabilities or log-likelihoods, the new MP decoders propagate messages requiring only a finite number of bits for their representation in such a way that good performance in the error floor region is ensured. Additionally, these messages are not quantised probabilities or log-likelihoods. As examples, MP decoders are provided that require only three bits for message representation, but surpass the floating-point BP (which requires a large number of bits for representation) in the error-floor region.
Increased Compactness of an Imaging Spectrometer Enabled by Freeform Surfaces (2017)

A freeform imaging spectrometer in the Offner-Chrisp geometry is demonstrated to be 5x more compact than one with traditional surfaces. Performance and manufacturability was analyzed using spectral full-field displays and a demonstration prototype was realized.
Handset for communication terminal (2007)

Disclosed is a handset for a communication terminal that minimizes background noise, thereby increasing the clarity of transmitted voice communication. The terminal includes a handset, an acoustic signal path on the handset, a unidirectional condenser microphone within the handset, a microphone holder to secure the microphone within the handset, and a housing to encase the microphone. The microphone is arranged to receive an acoustic signal traveling through the acoustic signal path and within the housing.
Identification of novel DNA methylation inhibitors via a two-component reporter gene system (2011)

Our data provide a proof-of-concept that procainamide could be pharmacologically exploited to develop novel DNA methylation inhibitors, of which the translational potential in cancer therapy/prevention is currently under investigation.
Link adaptation in wireless data networks for throughput maximization under retransmissions (2003)

In this study, we propose a new link adaptation algorithm for wireless data communications. Compared to the existing algorithms, the most distinguishing feature of this algorithm is the implementation of a no-transmission mode, a so called mode 0, for active users. In particular, transmissions to or from a user are not permitted while the estimated signal quality of the user, expressed as signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), is lower than a cutoff threshold. Unlike the traditional admission control, which is performed only once upon admitting a user, mode 0 is an integral part of an ongoing link adaptation process for admitted users. This mode automatically controls the system load, reduces unnecessary retransmissions, and therefore, improves the overall throughput. Our simulation results show that for the system under study, a throughput improvement of up to 75% can be achieved.
Clonal selection and <i>in vivo</i> quantitation of protein interactions with protein-fragment complementation assays (1999)

Two strategies are described for detecting constitutive or induced protein-protein interactions in intact mammalian cells; these strategies are based on oligomerization domain-assisted complementation of rationally designed fragments of the murine enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR; EC 1.5.1.3). We describe a dominant clonal-selection assay of stably transfected cells expressing partner proteins FKBP (FK506 binding protein) and FRAP (FKBP-rapamycin binding protein) fused to DHFR fragments and show a rapamycin dose-dependent survival of clones that requires approximately 25 molecules of reconstituted DHFR per cell. A fluorescence assay also is described, based on stoichiometric binding of fluorescein-methotrexate to reconstituted DHFR in vivo. Formation of the FKBP-rapamycin-FRAP complex is detected in stably and transiently transfected cells. Quantitative rapamycin dose-dependence of this complex is shown to be consistent with in vitro binding and distinguishable from a known constitutive interaction of FKBP and FRAP. We also show that this strategy can be applied to study membrane protein receptors, demonstrating dose-dependent activation of the erythropoietin receptor by ligands. The combination of these clonal-selection and fluorescence assays in intact mammalian cells makes possible selection by simple survival, flow cytometry, or both. High-throughput drug screening and quantitative analysis of induction or disruption of protein-protein interactions are also made possible.
3D High-Efficiency Video Coding for Multi-View Video and Depth Data (2013)

This paper describes an extension of the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard for coding of multi-view video and depth data. In addition to the known concept of disparity-compensated prediction, inter-view motion parameter, and inter-view residual prediction for coding of the dependent video views are developed and integrated. Furthermore, for depth coding, new intra coding modes, a modified motion compensation and motion vector coding as well as the concept of motion parameter inheritance are part of the HEVC extension. A novel encoder control uses view synthesis optimization, which guarantees that high quality intermediate views can be generated based on the decoded data. The bitstream format supports the extraction of partial bitstreams, so that conventional 2D video, stereo video, and the full multi-view video plus depth format can be decoded from a single bitstream. Objective and subjective results are presented, demonstrating that the proposed approach provides 50% bit rate savings in comparison with HEVC simulcast and 20% in comparison with a straightforward multi-view extension of HEVC without the newly developed coding tools.
Rigid stabilization of facial expressions (2014)

Facial scanning has become the industry-standard approach for creating digital doubles in movies and video games. This involves capturing an actor while they perform different expressions that span their range of facial motion. Unfortunately, the scans typically contain a superposition of the desired expression on top of un-wanted rigid head movement. In order to extract true expression deformations, it is essential to factor out the rigid head movement for each expression, a process referred to as rigid stabilization . In order to achieve production-quality in industry, face stabilization is usually performed through a tedious and error-prone manual process. In this paper we present the first automatic face stabilization method that achieves professional-quality results on large sets of facial expressions. Since human faces can undergo a wide range of deformation, there is not a single point on the skin surface that moves rigidly with the underlying skull. Consequently, computing the rigid transformation from direct observation, a common approach in previous methods, is error prone and leads to inaccurate results. Instead, we propose to indirectly stabilize the expressions by explicitly aligning them to an estimate of the underlying skull using anatomically-motivated constraints. We show that the proposed method not only outperforms existing techniques but is also on par with manual stabilization, yet requires less than a second of computation time.
Business Process Transformation Wizard: a Bridge between Business Analysts and Business Process Transformation Technology (2007)

In spite of many advances in business process modeling and simulation technologies, their adoption by the business analyst community has been primarily limited to specialists. We propose a business process transformation wizard as a tool to bridge this gap. This enables users to easily analyze their performance using quantitative technologies by using a business process transformation patterns library to explore different transformation options and by showing the minimum and most commonly required information that can drive transformation initiatives.
Biologic activities of antibody to a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein of Haemophilus influenzae against multiple clinical isolates of H. influenzae type b (1987)

A peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein of about 15 kilodaltons was purified from the outer membranes of Haemophilus influenzae by using nondenaturing detergents. To assess its vaccine potential, rabbit antiserum to the purified protein was obtained. The antiserum was specific for the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein in whole cell lysates of H. influenzae and was bactericidal for H. influenzae types a, b, d, e, and f and for 181 of 182 H. influenzae type b clinical strains isolated in widely dispersed geographic areas. The antibody protected infant rats from challenge with each of five clinical H. influenzae type b isolates and was additive to and did not interfere with bactericidal and protective activities of antibody against the type b capsule. These data indicate that the purified peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein is a potentially valuable vaccine candidate for H. influenzae type b disease and may enhance the effectiveness of preexisting anticapsular antibody.