gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Total and Ionized Serum Calcium and Time to Fatal Prostate Cancer (2012)

Abstract Background: Higher levels of total and ionized serum calcium have been shown to predict fatal prostate cancer in prospective studies. Because the follow-up time in these studies was relatively short, these associations could reflect the effect of clinically significant but occult prostate tumors on serum calcium levels. If this were true, prostate cancer mortality rates among men with higher levels of serum calcium should be higher during the early follow-up period and should decline thereafter. Methods: We tested this hypothesis by estimating the relative risk of death from prostate cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III for incremental increases in total and ionized serum calcium using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent effects. Results: Forty-nine (49) fatal prostate cancers occurred over 204 months of follow-up and 1,069,327 person–months of observation. Men with higher total serum calcium and higher serum ionized calcium had increased risks of fatal prostate cancer during the first 96 months of follow-up [Relative Hazard (RH) = 1.50 per 0.1 mmol/L total serum calcium, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–2.17; RH = 1.72 per 0.05 mmol/L ionized calcium, 95% CI = 1.11–2.66]. Evidence of an association between total and ionized serum calcium and prostate cancer deaths was not significant after 96 months. Conclusions: Our analyses support the hypothesis that the elevated risk for fatal prostate cancer observed in men with high serum calcium is because of the presence of extant, but occult prostate cancer. Impact: These findings have implications for the potential use of serum calcium in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1768–73. ©2012 AACR.
ConceptLearner: Discovering Visual Concepts from Weakly Labeled Image Collections (2014)

Discovering visual knowledge from weakly labeled data is crucial to scale up computer vision recognition system, since it is expensive to obtain fully labeled data for a large number of concept categories. In this paper, we propose ConceptLearner, which is a scalable approach to discover visual concepts from weakly labeled image collections. Thousands of visual concept detectors are learned automatically, without human in the loop for additional annotation. We show that these learned detectors could be applied to recognize concepts at image-level and to detect concepts at image region-level accurately. Under domain-specific supervision, we further evaluate the learned concepts for scene recognition on SUN database and for object detection on Pascal VOC 2007. ConceptLearner shows promising performance compared to fully supervised and weakly supervised methods.
Reduction of Contact Resistance on Titanium Sheet Surfaces by Formation of Titanium Carbide and Nitride, and its Stability in Sulfuric Acid Aqueous Solution (2019)

Separators for solid polymer fuel cells must have a low contact resistance with the carbon paper and stability in a corrosive environment of sulfuric acid in the cell. The titanium surface is highly resistant to corrosion thanks to a passive film but has high contact resistance.
Highly efficient single‐unit white OLED device with emission from both singlet and triplet excitons (2014)

Abstract We succeeded in developing a single‐unit hybrid organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device with efficient light emission from both a phosphorescent layer and a fluorescent layer. The single‐unit hybrid OLED achieved a power efficiency higher than that of a two‐unit hybrid tandem OLED with phosphorescent and fluorescent layers.
Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with Potent Activity Against Herpesviruses. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Low Temperature Pyrolytic Deposition of High Quality SiO2 (1987)

A pyrolytic process for the deposition of high quality silicon dioxide at temperatures of 100°–330°C is reported. Deposition is achieved by reacting silane and oxygen in the 2–12 torr pressure range, yielding deposition rates of 140 Å/min at 300°C and 50 Å/min at 120°C. Measurements of refractive index (1.45–1.46), field strength , and resistivity (1013–1016 Ω‐cm) indicate that the oxides are near‐stoichiometric . Fixed oxide charge densities are as low as on <111> silicon. This technology appears promising for Group IV and Group III–V device applications.
Cyanine Dyes as Optical Contrast Agents for Ophthalmological Surgery (2011)

Cyanine dyes were prepared as optical contrast media for supporting the surgery of the lamina limitans interna (LLI) of the retina and other structures of the human eye. Their absorption spectra were adapted both to the spectral sensitivity of the human eye and to standard illumination. The contrast could be further amplified by the application of the strong fluorescence of the dyes used. The binding of the dyes to various surfaces was studied. No toxic effects could be detected for the applied dyes.
A Miniaturized Dual UWB Quasi-Yagi based MIMO Antenna System Using a Defected Ground Structure (2018)

In this work, a dual ultra-wideband (UWB) 2-element Quasi-Yagi based multiple-input-multiple output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed based on loop excitation. A novel defected ground structure (DGS) acting as a parasitic reflector element is used to achieve 48% reduction in size without compromising other performance metrics. The center frequency of operation is 2 GHz. The proposed dual-band MIMO antenna system has a wide measured bandwidth of 1.72 GHz from 1.9-3.62 GHz and 1.70 GHz from 4.6-6.3 GHz covering the GSM/EDGE/LTE, WLAN, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX bands. The proposed MIMO antenna system occupies a size of 80×120×0.76 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , The maximum measured realized gain and total radiation efficiency of the MIMO antenna system are found to be more than 5 dBi and 80%, respectively, within both bands. Aside from good Yagi-Uda performance, the proposed antenna system also shows excellent MIMO performance, with minimum measured isolation of 15 dB and measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value of 0.0341 in both bands.
Growth Dynamics of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by CO<sub>2</sub> Laser Vaporization (1999)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by the irradiation of a 20-ms CO2 laser pulse (1-kW peak power) onto a graphite−Co/Ni composite target at 25−1200 °C. Characterization of carbonaceous deposits using Raman scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy showed that SWNTs were formed by laser irradiation even at room temperature. At 1100−1200 °C, the SWNT yield significantly increased (> 60%). A high-speed video imaging technique was used to observe the expanding vaporization plume and the emerging carbonaceous materials in an Ar atmosphere. Carbonaceous materials containing SWNTs became visible after ∼3 ms from the initiation of laser irradiation of the target. At 1000−1200 °C, blackbody emission from large carbon clusters and/or particles was observed for more than 1 s after the end of the laser pulse. We suggest that the growth of the SWNTs occurs from a liquidlike carbon−metal particle via supersaturation and segregation. A continuous supply of hot carbon clusters to the particles due to the 20-ms laser pulse and the maintenance of the hot growth zone for SWNTs, performed with the help of a furnace, are thought to play a crucial role in the SWNT formation.
Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits annexin-1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis CD4+ T cells (2008)

GCs suppress Anx-A1 expression in T cells in vitro and in vivo. These results provide evidence for a novel pathway by which steroids regulate the adaptive immune response and suggest that Anx-A1 may represent a target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Optimal dynamic cloud network control (2016)

Distributed cloud networking enables the deployment of network services in the form of interconnected virtual network functions instantiated over general purpose hardware at multiple cloud locations distributed across the network. The service distribution problem is to find the placement of virtual functions and the routing of network flows that meet a given set of demands with minimum cost. In this paper, we address the design of distributed online solutions that drive local routing, processing, and resource allocation decisions while providing global objective guarantees. We present a distributed joint transmission-processing flow scheduling and resource allocation algorithm that stabilizes the underlying cloud network queuing system, while achieving arbitrarily close to minimum average network cost (with a tradeoff in network delay) with probability 1. We further enhance our algorithm with a shortest transmission-plus-processing distance bias that improves the delay performance without compromising throughput or overall cloud network cost. We provide simulation results that confirm our theoretical analysis, illustrate the effect of the shortest transmission-plus-processing distance bias, and demonstrate remarkably good convergence to the optimal cloud network configuration.
Interacting Markov Random Fields for Simultaneous Terrain Modeling and Obstacle Detection (2005)

Autonomous navigation in outdoor environments with vegetation is difficult because available sensors make very indirect measurements on quantities of interest such as the supporting ground height and the location of obstacles. We introduce a terrain model that includes spatial constraints on these quantities to exploit structure found in outdoor domains and use available sensor data more effectively. The model consists of a latent variable that establishes a prior that favors vegetation of a similar height, plus multiple Markov random fields that incorporate neighborhood interactions and impose a prior on smooth ground and class continuity. These Markov random fields interact through a hidden semi-Markov model that enforces a prior on the vertical structure of elements in the environment. The system runs in real-time and has been trained and tested using real data from an agricultural setting. Results show that exploiting the 3D structure inherent in outdoor domains significantly improves ground height estimates and obstacle detection accuracy.
Implementation of a High Speed Digital Band-Pass Sigma-Delta Modulator for a Wireless Transmitter (2006)

Digital sigma-delta modulators are used extensively in CMOS wireless SoC designs to achieve high-resolution data conversion while controlling the quantization noise spectrum. This paper presents an implementation of a 90 nm CMOS digital band-pass sigma-delta modulator (SDM), running at 900 MHz. Conventional sigma-delta structures required to achieve such noise shaping are hardware intensive and do not meet the timing requirements when synthesized in 90 nm technology using a static CMOS implementation. In this work, we present an unrolled /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ architecture to achieve the necessary rate of operation. Unrolling is achieved by running two loops at half the frequency, while maintaining algorithmic equivalency between the original and proposed structures. The proposed architecture meets timing requirements of 900 MHz across all PVT corners at the cost of increase in area. The operating frequency for most of the hardware is halved, resulting in a 20% power consumption reduction.
Residual and Applied Stress Estimation From Directional Magnetic Permeability Measurements With MWM Sensors (2002)

Conformable eddy current sensors with grid methods can provide an effective means for applied stress measurements and for characterization of residual stresses in steel components. This paper describes conformable MWM® (meandering winding magnetometer) sensors and high-resolution scanning MWM-Arrays for directional magnetic permeability measurements over a wide range of frequencies with grid methods. MWMs and MWM-Arrays are used for fatigue monitoring, crack detection, characterization of process-affected layers, including coatings, detection of surface-connected and hidden degradation, and damage characterization, e.g., detection and imaging of grinding burns. Tests have shown that these sensors can also provide the capability for residual/applied stress measurements in ferromagnetic materials, e.g., in steels. Specific examples described here illustrate this capability to estimate stresses in steels and other ferromagnetic materials from MWM measured permeability. Results of directional MWM permeability measurements, including permeability mapping, are presented here for (a) a 4340 steel specimen subjected to a series of tensile load tests with an incrementally increasing maximum load, (b) a broken 4340 tensile test specimen, (c) a shot-peened 300M steel specimen subjected to bending load tests, and (d) a shot-peened and subsequently ground high-strength steel component. Quick and inexpensive stress measurements at a point or, in a scanning mode, over a selected area are now becoming possible without permanently mounting sensors, albeit MWM sensors can be readily mounted, if needed, as well.
Getting the Structure Right for Word Alignment: LEAF (2007)

Word alignment is the problem of annotating parallel text with translational correspon-dence. Previous generative word alignment models have made structural assumptions such as the 1-to-1, 1-to-N, or phrase-based consecutive word assumptions, while previ-ous discriminative models have either made such an assumption directly or used features derived from a generative model making one of these assumptions. We present a new gen-erative alignment model which avoids these structural limitations, and show that it is effective when trained using both unsuper-vised and semi-supervised training methods. 1
Automatic script identification from images using cluster-based templates (2002)

We describe a system that automatically identifies the script used in documents stored electronically in image form. The system can learn to distinguish any number of scripts. It develops a set of representative symbols (templates) for each script by clustering textual symbols from a set of training documents and representing each cluster by its centroid. "Textual symbols" include discrete characters in scripts such as Cyrillic, as well as adjoined characters, character fragments, and whole words in connected scripts such as Arabic. To identify a new document's script, the system compares a subset of symbols from the document to each script's templates, screening out rare or unreliable templates, and choosing the script whose templates provide the best match. Our current system, trained on thirteen scripts, correctly identifies all test documents except those printed in fonts that differ markedly from fonts in the training set.
Construction and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (2000)

A repertoire of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against western equine encephalitis virus (WEE) was constructed and characterized. Anti-WEE antibodies were expressed from hybridomas and purified by protein G chromatography. Each of the antibodies was functionally assessed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), Western blotting, and immunoprecipitations. All antibodies bound to WEE antigen in ELISAs, whereas only a subgroup of antibodies was found to be active in Western blotting and immunoprecipitations. A subset of antibodies was found to cross-react with other alphaviruses, such as Sindbis virus (SIN), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). Because many of the antibodies were highly reactive to WEE antigen in one or more of the assays, these antibodies are excellent candidates for immunodetection and immunotherapy studies.
New Reactive Extraction Based Reclaiming Technique for Amines Used in Carbon Dioxide Capture Process from Industrial Flue Gases (2016)

A new reclaiming technique based on reactive extraction for removal of heat stable salts (HSS) from monoethanolamine (MEA) used in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture process has been developed. The extraction process was based on the use of tri-n-octylamine (TOA), Aliquat 336, OH– modified Aliquat 336, a two-step extraction (modified Aliquat followed by TOA), and mixed extractant (modified Aliquat and TOA) in 1-octanol diluent. The best parameters were 69% OH– modified Aliquat, two-step extraction, and mixed extractant (modified Aliquat and TOA) and under optimum extraction conditions were able to improve the extraction efficiency of the original Aliquat and TOA to over 90%. The two-step extraction and mixed extractant were also capable of managing Cl– contamination in MEA solution. Extraction was found to be independent of temperature whereas efficiency reduced with increase of CO2 loading. Therefore, it is recommended to apply this extraction technique to the lean MEA stream after the rich/lean heat exchanger either with or without cooling. Regeneration of used extractant (OH Aliquat) was implemented and optimized with the use of 4 kmol/m3 NaOH. In addition to HSS removal, the new extraction technique was also able to remove major nonionic degradation products also by up to 90%.
Increased SERS Detection Efficiency for Characterizing Rare Events in Flow (2015)

Improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements of a flowing aqueous sample are accomplished by combining line focus optics with sheath-flow SERS detection. The straightforward introduction of a cylindrical lens into the optical path of the Raman excitation laser increases the efficiency of SERS detection and the reproducibility of SERS signals at low concentrations. The width of the line focus is matched to the width of the sample capillary from which the analyte elutes under hydrodynamic focusing conditions, allowing for increased collection across the SERS substrate while maintaining the power density below the damage threshold at any specific point. We show that a 4× increase in power spread across the line increases the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 2 for a variety of analytes, such as rhodamine 6G, amino acids, and lipid vesicles, without any detectable photodamage. COMSOL simulations and Raman maps elucidate the hydrodynamic focusing properties of the flow cell, providing a clearer picture of the confinement effects at the surface where the sample exits the capillary. The lipid vesicle results suggest that the combination of hydrodynamic focusing and increased optical collection enables the reproducible detection of rare events, in this case individual lipid vesicles.
Development of keratinocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. (2008)

The mammary glands of adult female animals are remarkably sensitive to keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). KGF acts at the KGF receptor (KGFR) to produce a rapid and profound stimulation of breast cancer cell proliferation and motility. Further, KGF-induced motility in breast cancer cells is mediated via the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Thus, enhancement of KGF/KGFR signal transduction may be an early step in the metastatic progression of breast cancer. Receptor modeling of KGFR was used to identify selective KGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) molecules with high receptor affinity. The present study describes the synthesis and biological activity of three of the KGFR TKI compounds.Computer modeling of the KGFR was used to create a virtual library of compounds that have the potential to bind with high affinity to the KGFR. Three of these compounds were synthesized and tested in this study. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit KGF-mediated breast cancer cell proliferation and motility using a culture wounding assay. In addition, the effect of the most potent KGFR TKI compound on the relative density of cell membrane KGFR was measured using immunocytochemistry.It was observed that the KGFR TKIs decreased KGF-mediated activity as predicted by computer modeling. In addition, the most potent inhibitor also reduced the density of the KGFR on the membrane of the cancer cells.The novel inhibitors identified in this project are selective KGFR inhibitors which appear to reduce the expression of KGFR on cancer cells. These results may lead to the development of a novel class of anticancer agents for the chemoprevention of metastatic cancer development and provide a new approach in the treatment of breast cancer.
Adapting Recommendations to Contextual Changes Using Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models (2015)

Recommender systems help users find items of interest by tailoring their recommendations to users' personal preferences. The utility of an item for a user, however, may vary greatly depending on that user's specific situation or the context in which the item is used. Without considering these changes in preferences, the recommendations may match the general preferences of a user, but they may have small value for the user in his/her current situation. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical hidden Markov model for capturing changes in user's preferences. Using a user's feedback sequence on items, we model the user as a hierarchical hidden Markov process and the current context of the user as a hidden variable in this model. For a given user, our model is used to infer the maximum likelihood sequence of transitions between contextual states and to predict the probability distribution for the context of the next action. The predicted context is then used to generate recommendations. Our evaluation results using Last.fm music playlist data, indicate that this approach achieves significantly better performance in terms of accuracy and diversity compared to baseline methods.
A Multiattribute Auction Procedure and Its Implementation (2012)

A multiattribute auction procedure that allows bidders to make informed bids without knowledge of the bid-taker's preferences is presented. The procedure can be extended to allow the bid-taker to differentiate among the bidders, place them into categories, and formulate different requirements for each category. The procedure is adapted to reverse auctions and it is illustrated with a simple procurement case. The implementation of the procedure in the IMARAS system and the initial results from the system use in experimental settings are discussed.
The new internal orienting substituent effect - significant acceleration of the rotational rate of the molecules of a liquid crystal when fullerene-containing complexes are introduced into it (2004)

This paper discusses the switching time in polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal systems based on nematics with an impurity complex of fullerene C60 and/or C70 plus a donor organic substance. It is shown that introducing fullerene-containing complexes produces a substantial acceleration of the director-reorientation processes of liquid-crystal structures when the Fréedericksz effect is implemented and a pulsed supply voltage is applied to the structures. A possible reorientation mechanism is discussed. © 2004 Optical Society of America
Improved Water Vapor Measurements from ARM Radiosondes (2000)

Accurate radiosonde measurements of water vapor in the mid and upper troposphere are important for such applications as evaluating remote-sensor water vapor retrievals, initializing numerical models, and improving parameterizations of radiative and cloud processes. Measurements of relative humidity (RH) from Vaisala radiosondes are subject to several measurement errors, most of which increase in