gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for low voltage ferroelectric memory (2003)

To realize the full potential of high density embedded ferroelectric memory, ferroelectric film thickness must be scaled below 100 nm to ensure that the capacitor operating voltage is compatible with advanced, low voltage logic transistors. In this article, we describe recent progress in the preparation of sub-100 nm thick Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on 200 mm wafers using an industry-standard processing platform. Within the full range of thicknesses investigated, 134–52 nm, capacitor operating voltage scales linearly with film thickness, yielding 71 nm thick films with a switched polarization (Psw) of ∼40 μC/cm2 at 1.2 V. Below ∼50 nm, PZT surface roughness makes further thickness scaling difficult. With improved surface morphology, however, even lower operating voltages should be feasible.
Efficient Minimization of New Quadric Metric for Simplifying Meshes with Appearance Attributes (2000)

In an earlier paper we introduced a new quadric metric for simplifying triangle meshes using the edge collapse operation. The quadric measures both the geometric accuracy of the simplified mesh surface and the fidelity of appearance fields defined on the surface (such as normals or colors). The minimization of this quadric metric involves solving a linear system of size (3+m)(3+m),wherem is the number of distinct appearance attributes. The system has only O(m) nonzero entries, so it can be solved in O(m 2 ) time using traditional sparse solvers such as the method of conjugate gradients. In this short addendum, we show that the special structure of the sparsity permits the system to be solved in O(m) time. 1 Introduction Complex triangle meshes arise naturally in many areas of computer graphics and visualization. In an earlier paper [2], we introduced a new quadric metric for simplifying such meshes using the edge collapse operation (Figure 1). The quadric measures both the geometric...
Molecular genetics of primary congenital glaucoma in Brazil. (2002)

Our results indicate that CYP1B1 mutations may be responsible for half of cases of PCG in the Brazilian population. The SNP haplotype 5'-C-C-G-G-T-A-3' was associated with the majority of CYP1B1 mutations. This haplotype harbors the high-activity V432 allele, which is emerging as a putative susceptibility factor in several cancers.
A PMU data recovering method based on preferred selection strategy (2018)

Nowadays, the technology of renewable sources grid-connection and DC transmission has a rapid development. And phasor measurement units (PMUs) become more notable in power grids, due to the necessary of real time monitoring and close-loop control applications. However, the PMUs data quality issue affects applications based on PMUs a lot. This paper proposes a simple yet effective method for recovering PMU data. To simply the issue, two different scenarios of PMUs data loss are first defined. Then a key combination of preferred selection strategies is introduced. And the missing data is recovered by the function of spline interpolation. This method has been tested by artificial data and field data obtained from on-site PMUs. The results demonstrate that the proposed method recovers the missing PMU data quickly and accurately. And it is much better than other methods when missing data are massive and continuous. This paper also presents the interesting direction for future work. Keywords: PMU data loss, Two different scenarios, Preferred selection strategy (PSS), The cubic spline interpolation method
Contactless mass determination of arbitrarily shaped dielectric objects [using resonant cavities] (1995)

Microwave resonant cavities have been studied as possible sensors for rapid determination of the mass or weight of perturbing dielectric objects of given permittivity and density, but of arbitrary shape, inserted into the cavity. Tracking the coordinates of the peak of the resonant curve with and without the object, i.e. measuring shift of resonant frequency and change in the cavity Q-factor, provides information that together with a calibration equation is sufficient for the object mass or weight determination. During the calibration procedure, the parameters of the empty cavity, as well as the permittivity and the specific gravity of the object material must be known. The measurement technique does not, in principle, require any contact between the object and the measuring system, and measurements can be rapid and reasonably accurate. Basic principles of the shape-independent measurements are presented, and experimental results are given for common plastic objects of irregular shapes measured in resonant cavities operating at 640 MHz and 1.7, 2.5 and 3.2 GHz.
Deep Reinforcement Learning based Energy Management Strategy for Commercial Buildings Considering Comprehensive Comfort Levels (2021)

More than 30% of the total energy generated all over the world are consumed by buildings. Among it, 40% are consumed by commercial buildings which are great candidates to perform energy management strategy. Nonetheless, comfort levels of the occupants in the commercial building always have higher priority comparing to the energy-consuming cost, especially during the business hours. As a result, coordinating the operation of large appliances and other major components in commercial buildings needs a novel energy management strategy, which provides a trade-off between the comfort level and building operation cost. In this paper, we develop a deep reinforcement learning-based control strategy to determine optimal actions for major components in a commercial building to minimize operation costs while maximizing comprehensive comfort levels of occupants. An unsupervised deep Q-network method is introduced to handle the energy management problem by evaluating the influence of operation costs on comfort levels considering the environment factors at each time slot. An optimum control decision can be derived that targets both immediate and long-term goals, where exploration and exploitation are considered simultaneously. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed deep reinforcement learning-based energy management strategy is capable of both minimizing operation and maintenance costs and maximizing comprehensive comfort levels of occupants.
FLAIR* MRI improves diagnostic accuracy in multiple sclerosis (S29.002) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of clinical FLAIR* 3-tesla MRI in multiple sclerosis (MS). BACKGROUND: MS lesions appear to emanate from a central vein. Based on 7-tesla research MRI, it has been proposed that MRI scans with lesions suspicious for MS should be distinguishable from those with lesions caused by other neurological diseases (Tallantyre 2011). FLAIR* (Sati 2012) MRI combines FLAIR and T2* weighted scans and is obtained on a clinical MRI unit, but has not yet been studied as a tool for diagnosing MS. DESIGN/METHODS: Two experienced MS neurologists separately evaluated 87 scan pairs (FLAIR/FLAIR*), first viewing each scan alone and subsequently the two side-by-side. 68 (78[percnt]) scan pairs were from MS cases; the remaining 19 (22[percnt]) were from healthy volunteers (n=8) and other neurological diseases (n=11). To mimic the clinical scenario, raters judged whether cases represented MS based on a combination of their own experience, published criteria (Polman 2011), and a visual assessment of the “40[percnt] rule” (Tallantyre 2011), whereby MS is favored if >40[percnt] of lesions demonstrate a central vein. Accuracy was assessed with receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and inter-rater reliability with Cohen’s kappa. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy was high for both raters and both scan types. For rater 1, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.94 (95[percnt] confidence limits: 0.89,0.97) for FLAIR and 0.95 (0.92,0.98) for FLAIR*; for rater 2, 0.94 (0.90,0.98) and 0.90 (0.85,0.95), respectively. AUC improved when images were considered together: rater 1, 0.99 (0.98,1.00); rater 2, 0.98 (0.96,0.99). Inter-rater agreement was substantial for FLAIR (k=0.68) and FLAIR* (k=0.74), despite low agreement for whether the percentage of lesions with central veins was >40[percnt] (k=0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Joint clinical evaluation of FLAIR and FLAIR* images improves diagnostic accuracy for MS without the need for careful lesion and central vein counting.
Broadband electrostatic acoustic transducer for ultrasonic measurements in liquids (1979)

A broadband capacitive electrostatic acoustic transducer (ESAT) has been developed for use in a liquid environment at megahertz frequencies. The ESAT basically consists of a thin conductive membrane stretched over a metallic housing. The membrane functions as the ground plate of a parallel plate capacitor, the other plate being a dc biased electrode recessed approximately 10 mum from the electrically grounded membrane. An ultrasonic wave incident on the membrane varies the membrane-electrode gap spacing and generates an electrical signal proportional to the wave amplitude. The entire assembly is sealed for immersion in a liquid environment. Calibration of the ESAT with incident ultrasonic waves of constant displacement amplitude from 1 to 15 MHz reveals a decrease in signal response with increasing frequency independent of membrane tension. The use of the ESAT as a broadband ultrasonic transducer in liquids with a predictable frequency response is promising.
Digital predistortion for dual-input Doherty amplifiers (2012)

This paper presents a digital predistortion technique for dual-input Doherty power amplifiers. The proposed technique utilizes both RF inputs of the main and peak amplifiers in the digital predistorter. The effectiveness of the resulting dual-input predistorter is evaluated on a two-way Doherty amplifier operating at 2.14 GHz with 53.5 dBm peak output power. The experimental results demonstrate that the dual-input approach outperforms the conventional single-input predistortion technique by ~3 dB in terms of adjacent channel leakage ratio.
Transmission of MPEG-2 video streams over ATM (1998)

Experiments investigated the relationship between MPEG video quality and ATM network performance. Preliminary results reveal the effects of network impairments on video quality for MPEG-2 transport streams delivered over ATM. The issues in mapping variable-rate MPEG to ATM are also examined, including the trade-off between bandwidth savings and video quality.
Direct Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon to Electrical Energy in a High Temperature Fuel Cell (1992)

The feasibility of direct electrochemical conversion of carbon to electrical energy was demonstrated in a novel two‐compartment high temperature fuel cell employing a stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte that transports the oxygen necessary for the oxidation of carbon. The cell was shown to provide electrical power under resistive load, and the observed open circuit potentials were close to the theoretically expected values.
An Improvement of Twisted Ate Pairing Using Integer Variable with Small HammingWeight (2008)

Barreto?Naehrig (BN) curve has been introduced as a pairing-friendly elliptic curve over prime field F p which has embedding degree 12. Characteristic and Frobenius trace are given as polynomials of integer variable χ. This paper proposes an improvement of Miller’s algorithm of twisted Ate pairing with BN curve by χ of small hamming weight. Then, in order to show the efficiency of the proposed method, twisted Ate pairings with BN curve of order r ? 2¹?? and r ? 2²?⁴ are simulated and it is shown that these twisted Ate pairings are carried out with 7.21 milliseconds and 16.5 milliseconds by Pentium4 (3.6㎓), respectively.
Superconductor Digital-RF Transceiver Components (2006)

Superconductive technology offers unparalleled digital and mixed-signal circuit performance, advancing digital processing from baseband to RF stages. This allows elimination of analog filters and mixers with generally poorly controlled phase performance, causing intersymbol interference limiting an overall communication system performance. HYPRES has been developing superconducting circuit components for application to digital RF communication transceivers. The components include low-pass and band-pass analog-to-digital converters, digital decimation and correlation-based filters, digital up/down-converters, and low-time-jitter clock sources. All of these are based on ultra-fast Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) digital circuits, with clock rates up to 20 GHz demonstrated with 3-micron technology, and being scaled to 40 GHz and above. In this paper, we will discuss design and performance of some of these components. 1.
Solid ring-assisted fibers with low bend loss (2008)

Solid fibers with greatly reduced bend loss are presented. Ring-assisted fibers provide enhanced cutoff, allowing .01dB / turn cable losses around a 9.5 mm mandrel while meeting cutoff and MFD standards and avoiding potential problems with holes.
Bittracker—A Bitmap Tracker for Visual Tracking under Very General Conditions (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of visual tracking under very general conditions: a possibly non-rigid target whose appearance may drastically change over time; general camera motion; a 3D scene; and no a priori information except initialization. This is in contrast to the vast majority of trackers which rely on some limited model in which, for example, the target's appearance is known a priori or restricted, the scene is planar, or a pan tilt zoom camera is used. Their goal is to achieve speed and robustness, but their limited context may cause them to fail in the more general case. The proposed tracker works by approximating, in each frame, a PDF (probability distribution function) of the target's bitmap and then estimating the maximum a posteriori bitmap. The PDF is marginalized over all possible motions per pixel, thus avoiding the stage in which optical flow is determined. This is an advantage over other general-context trackers that do not use the motion cue at all or rely on the error-prone calculation of optical flow. Using a Gibbs distribution with respect to the first-order neighborhood system yields a bitmap PDF whose maximization may be transformed into that of a quadratic pseudo-Boolean function, the maximum of which is approximated via a reduction to a maximum-flow problem. Many experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the tracker is able to track under the aforementioned general context.
Tin Whisker Growth Suppression Using NiO Sublayers Fabricated by Dip Coating (2022)

Whiskers are small crystalline growths, which can grow from certain metals or alloys. Reaching up to several millimeters long, whiskers have the potential to cause device failures due to short circuits and contamination by debris. Tin (Sn) is one such metal that is particularly prone to whisker development. Until the 2006 RoHS Initiative, lead (Pb) was added to tin in small amounts (up to 2%) to greatly reduce the growth of whiskers. Since then, however, industry has switched to lead-free tin solders and coatings, and the issue of whisker growth on tin has attracted new interest. A reactive-sputtering-deposited nickel oxide sublayer was shown recently to strongly suppress the growth of whiskers from an overlaying tin layer. This paper reports on using nickel oxide films, obtained by a sol–gel dip coating method, as whisker suppressing sublayers. The proposed method is simple, low-cost, and can easily be scaled up for manufacturing purposes. The properties of the sol–gel deposited nickel oxide film were examined using SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. Samples containing the nickel oxide sublayer were observed through SEM periodically over several months to examine the surfaces for whisker development, and the results show that such layers can be very effective in suppressing whisker growth.
Selected RD1 Peptides for Active Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Comparison of a Gamma Interferon Whole-Blood Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and an Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay (2005)

We recently set up a gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT), using selected early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) peptides, that appears specific for active tuberculosis (A-TB). However, ELISPOT is difficult to automate. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if the same selected peptides may be used in a technique more suitable for routine work in clinical laboratories, such as whole-blood enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (WBE). For this purpose, 27 patients with A-TB and 41 control patients were enrolled. Our WBE, using the already described selected peptides from ESAT-6 plus three new ones from culture filtrate protein 10, was performed, and data were compared with those obtained by ELISPOT. Using our selected peptides, IFN-gamma production, evaluated by both WBE and ELISPOT, was significantly higher in patients with A-TB than in controls (P < 0.0001). Statistical analysis showed a good correlation between the results obtained by WBE and ELISPOT (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). To substantiate our data, we compared our WBE results with those obtained by QuantiFERON-TB Gold, a whole-blood assay based on region of difference 1 (RD1) overlapping peptides approved for TB infection diagnosis. We observed a slightly higher sensitivity with QuantiFERON-TB Gold than with our WBE (89% versus 81%); however, our test provided a better specificity result (90% versus 68%). In conclusion, results obtained by WBE based on selected RD1 peptides significantly correlate with those generated by ELISPOT. Moreover, our assay appears more specific for A-TB diagnosis than QuantiFERON-TB Gold, and thus it may represent a complementary tool for A-TB diagnosis for routine use in clinical laboratories.
Broad Nucleoside Reverse‐Transcriptase Inhibitor Cross‐Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clinical Isolates (2003)

Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are important components of most antiretroviral combination treatment regimens. Using a large collection of clinical isolates, we characterized patterns of cross-resistance among all NRTIs. Drugs were grouped by the effect of the M184V mutation: susceptibility to group 1 drugs (zidovudine, stavudine, tenofovir, and adefovir) increased when M184V was present, whereas susceptibility to group 2 drugs (didanosine, zalcitabine, abacavir, and lamivudine) decreased. Significant cross-resistance was observed among all NRTIs and was most notable when samples with or without M184V were analyzed separately. An increasing number of thymidine-analogue mutations (TAMs) was associated with a progressive reduction in drug susceptibility for all NRTIs. The modulating effect of M184I/V on drug susceptibility was present regardless of the number of TAMs. The broad range of susceptibility observed for viruses containing the same number of TAMs indicates that the genetic correlates of NRTI resistance remain to be fully elucidated.
Bubble ladder for information processing (1975)

A binary switch has Been proposed to steer two bubble streams to either cross or bypass each other under external electronic control. A linear array of bubble shift register loops can be linked together by these flow-steering switches to form a storage structure which will be called a bubble ladder. It is shown that the ladder can alternate between two data structures - LIFO and FIFO. For storage units based on the ladders, a scheme is developed to rearrange data items according to recency of usage for improving average access time.
<title>THz quantum semiconductor devices</title> (2006)

Terahertz (1 - 10 THz) quantum-well photodetectors and quantum- cascade lasers have been investigated. The design and projected detector performance are presented together with experimental results on several test devices, all working at photon energies below the optical phonons. Background limited infrared performance (BLIP) operations were observed for all samples (three in total) designed for different wavelengths. For lasers, a set of THz quantumcascade lasers with identical device parameters except for the doping concentration has been studied. The δ-doping density for each period was varied from 3.2 × 10<sup>10</sup> to 4.8 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. We observed that the lasing threshold current increased monotonically with doping. Moreover, the measured results on devices with different cavity lengths provided evidence that the free carrier absorption caused waveguide loss also increased monotonically. Interestingly however, the observed maximum lasing temperature displayed an optimum at a doping density of 3.6 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>.
A NEW METHOD OF CURRENT-BASED CONDITION MONITORING IN INDUCTION MACHINES OPERATING UNDER ARBITRARY LOAD CONDITIONS (1997)

ABSTRACT Fault conditions in induction machines such as eccentric air gaps and broken rotor bars result in harmonics in the stator current of the motor which can be used to monitor the health of the machine. However, variations in the load torque at multiples of rotational speed typically have the same effect on the motor current spectrum. When monitoring a single phase of the stator current, this load effect can prevent the detection of a fault condition by producing current components that obscure those harmonics related to the condition of the machine. This paper presents a new method for removing the load effects from the monitored quantity of the machine. This is accomplished by comparing the actual stator current to a model reference value which includes the load effect Simulation results illustrating the effects on the spectrum of the monitored quantity are given for both constant and eccentric air gaps when in the presence of an oscillating load.
Engineering T Cell Receptors for Optimal Affinities and Desired Specificities (2015)

T cells, via their T‐cell receptors (TCRs), evolved to target intracellular antigenic peptides, as cell‐surface complexes with MHC products. While the structural and biochemical characteristics of the TCR:pepMHC interaction have been well studied, there remains interest in understanding the molecular basis of peptide specificity exhibited by TCRs. Furthermore, understanding the binding properties of the TCR that can optimally mediate the activity of T cells is important, especially as adoptive T cell therapies have become more feasible. We have used various strategies to engineer the binding properties of TCRs for adoptive T‐cell therapies, either as full‐length heterodimeric TCRs or as CAR‐like signaling receptors. TCR engineering has been performed using yeast display of single‐chain TCRs in order to generate affinity‐matured variants. In addition, we recently used synthetic TCR libraries in key CDR residues to convert the specificity of a TCR from a virus peptide to a cancer peptide. This approach allows the de novo isolation of TCRs with desired specificities using completely in vitro, directed evolution approaches. Various aspects of the engineering, specificity, and activity mediated by these receptors will be presented.
In vitro synergism of colistin in combination with N-acetylcysteine against Acinetobacter baumannii grown in planktonic phase and in biofilms (2018)

N-acetylcysteine, at concentrations achievable by topical administration, was shown to revert the colistin-resistant phenotype in A. baumannii, and to exert a relevant activity against biofilms of colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant A. baumannii strains.