gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (2013)

Oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a non-contrast technique that allows the non-invasive assessment of myocardial oxygenation. It capitalizes on the fact that deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood can act as an intrinsic contrast agent, changing proton signals in a fashion that can be imaged to reflect the level of blood oxygenation. Increases in O(2) saturation increase the BOLD imaging signal (T2 or T2*), whereas decreases diminish it. This review presents the basic concepts and limitations of the BOLD technique, and summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies in the assessment of myocardial oxygenation with a focus on recent advances. Finally, it provides future directions and a brief look at emerging techniques of this evolving CMR field.
Cyber Exercise Playbook (2014)

Abstract : This paper provides an overview of the cyber exercise process from inception to reporting. It introduces the terminology and life cycle of a cyber exercise and then focuses on the planning and execution aspects of such exercises, to include objectives, scenarios, reporting and assessment procedures, network architecture, tools, and lessons learned from utilizing the scenarios outlined during an exercise with Partner Nations. Reading this document and reviewing the reference materials should enable exercise planners to understand the purpose, objectives, planning, and execution processes for conducting cyber exercises.
ECSIT is an evolutionarily conserved intermediate in the Toll/IL-1 signal transduction pathway (1999)

Activation of NF-kappaB as a consequence of signaling through the Toll and IL-1 receptors is a major element of innate immune responses. We report the identification and characterization of a novel intermediate in these signaling pathways that bridges TRAF6 to MEKK-1. This adapter protein, which we have named ECSIT (evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways), is specific for the Toll/IL-1 pathways and is a regulator of MEKK-1 processing. Expression of wild-type ECSIT accelerates processing of MEKK-1, whereas a dominant-negative fragment of ECSIT blocks MEKK-1 processing and activation of NF-kappaB. These results indicate an important role for ECSIT in signaling to NF-kappaB and suggest that processing of MEKK-1 is required for its function in the Toll/IL-1 pathway.
Effects of cyclic 8π-electron conjugation in reductively silylated nitrogen heterocycles (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of cyclic 8π-electron conjugation in reductively silylated nitrogen heterocyclesWolfgang KaimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 4, 707–713Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00342a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00342a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1934Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients (2015)

Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial cells in human pain disorders remains unknown. Here, using the novel technology of integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and the recently developed radioligand (11)C-PBR28, we show increased brain levels of the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of glial activation, in patients with chronic low back pain. As the Ala147Thr polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding affinity for (11)C-PBR28, nine patient-control pairs were identified from a larger sample of subjects screened and genotyped, and compared in a matched-pairs design, in which each patient was matched to a TSPO polymorphism-, age- and sex-matched control subject (seven Ala/Ala and two Ala/Thr, five males and four females in each group; median age difference: 1 year; age range: 29-63 for patients and 28-65 for controls). Standardized uptake values normalized to whole brain were significantly higher in patients than controls in multiple brain regions, including thalamus and the putative somatosensory representations of the lumbar spine and leg. The thalamic levels of TSPO were negatively correlated with clinical pain and circulating levels of the proinflammatory citokine interleukin-6, suggesting that TSPO expression exerts pain-protective/anti-inflammatory effects in humans, as predicted by animal studies. Given the putative role of activated glia in the establishment and or maintenance of persistent pain, the present findings offer clinical implications that may serve to guide future studies of the pathophysiology and management of a variety of persistent pain conditions.
Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) as a Meta Model to Integrate Common Data Models: Development of a Tool and Quantitative Validation Study (2019)

We believe that CAMP FHIR can serve as an alternative to implementing new CDMs on a project-by-project basis. Moreover, the use of FHIR as a CDM could support rare data sharing opportunities, such as collaborations between academic medical centers and community hospitals. We anticipate adoption and use of CAMP FHIR to foster sharing of clinical data across institutions for downstream applications in translational research.
Transmembrane protein 88: a Wnt regulatory protein that specifies cardiomyocyte development (2013)

Genetic regulation of the cell fate transition from lateral plate mesoderm to the specification of cardiomyocytes requires suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but the mechanism for this is not well understood. By analyzing gene expression and chromatin dynamics during directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we identified a suppressor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, transmembrane protein 88 (TMEM88), as a potential regulator of cardiovascular progenitor cell (CVP) specification. During the transition from mesoderm to the CVP, TMEM88 has a chromatin signature of genes that mediate cell fate decisions, and its expression is highly upregulated in advance of key cardiac transcription factors in vitro and in vivo. In early zebrafish embryos, tmem88a is expressed broadly in the lateral plate mesoderm, including the bilateral heart fields. Short hairpin RNA targeting of TMEM88 during hESC cardiac differentiation increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling, confirming its role as a suppressor of this pathway. TMEM88 knockdown has no effect on NKX2.5 or GATA4 expression, but 80% of genes most highly induced during CVP development have reduced expression, suggesting adoption of a new cell fate. In support of this, analysis of later stage cell differentiation showed that TMEM88 knockdown inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation and promotes endothelial differentiation. Taken together, TMEM88 is crucial for heart development and acts downstream of GATA factors in the pre-cardiac mesoderm to specify lineage commitment of cardiomyocyte development through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Antimicrobial resistance in streptococcal species isolated from bovine mammary glands (1990)

Streptococcal species isolated from dairy cows with clinical mastitis were obtained from mastitis research workers in Florida, Louisiana, New York, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia. Seventy-one streptococcal isolates were tested, including 39 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, 21 strains of S dysgalactiae, and 11 strains of S uberis. The minimal inhibitory concentration of erythromycin, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, penicillin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline was determined for each isolate. Differences were not detected among strains with respect to geographic origin. None of the strains was resistant to penicillin. Lincomycin was the next most effective antimicrobial, with only 2 resistant strains of each streptococcal species. There were no differences among the streptococcal species with respect to resistance to either penicillin or lincomycin. Streptococcus uberis was more likely to be resistant to erythromycin than were S agalactiae and S dysgalactiae (P less than 0.02). Streptococcus agalactiae and S uberis had similar distributions for resistance to oxytetracycline, tetracycline, spectinomycin, and streptomycin. Strains of S dysgalactiae were more likely to have intermediate resistance to oxytetracycline and streptomycin than were strains of S agalactiae and S uberis, which were highly resistant to oxytetracycline and streptomycin (P less than 0.001). Differences were not detected among the streptococcal species with respect to resistance to spectinomycin. Resistance to multiple antimicrobials was observed in all streptococcal species tested. Although S dysgalactiae appeared to have a greater percentage of strains (73%) that were resistant to multiple antimicrobials than did S agalactiae (31%) or S uberis (45%), differences were not statistically significant.
Cancer Stem Cells in Breast: Current Opinion and Future Challenges (2008)

There is increasing evidence for the cancer stem cell hypothesis, which holds that cancers are driven by a cellular subcomponent that has stem cell properties, that is, self-renewal, tumorigenicity and multilineage differentiation capacity. The cancer stem cell hypothesis modifies our conceptual approach of oncogenesis and shall have implications in breast cancer prevention, detection and treatment, especially in metastatic breast cancer for which no curative treatment exists. Given the specific stem cell features, novel therapeutic pathways can be targeted. Following this approach, new molecules are currently in development. Focusing on the cross-talk between stem cells and their microenvironment is also a promising way to explore how to better target cancer stem cells and be curative.
Dickkopf-1 Levels in Turkish Patients with Bladder Cancer and its Association with Clinicopathological Features (2014)

Background: Evidence indicates that Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) levels may be a biomarker for cancer risk. The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 and its correlation with clinic-pathological features in patients with bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: DKK-1 levels were determined in serum samples from 90 patients with bladder cancer before transurethral tumor resection. The concentrations of DKK-1 were determined by using enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Elevated preoperative DKK-1 levels were associated with tumor stage (p<0.001), grade (p<0.001) and histological grade (p<0.001). Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that the level of serum DKK-1 is correlated with both disease progression and increase in the tumor grade. Preoperative serum DKK-1 elevation may thus represent a novel marker for the determination of bladder cancer and the detection of patients with a likely poor clinical outcome.
The Effect of Small Tumor Volumes on Studies of Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Tracer Uptake (2013)

Inclusion of tumor volumes below 45 cm(3) can profoundly bias comparisons of intratumoral uptake heterogeneity metrics derived from data from the current generation of whole-body (18)F-FDG PET scanners.
Regulation of vertebrate eye development by Rx genes (2004)

The paired-like homeobox-containing gene Rx has a critical role in the eye development of several vertebrate species including Xenopus, mouse, chicken, medaka, zebrafish and human. Rx is initially expressed in the anterior neural region of developing embryos, and later in the retina and ventral hypothalamus. Abnormal regulation or function of Rx results in severe abnormalities of eye formation. Overexpression of Rx in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos leads to overproliferation of retinal cells. A targeted elimination of Rx in mice results in a lack of eye formation. Mutations in Rx genes are the cause of the mouse mutation eyeless (ey1), the medaka temperature sensitive mutation eyeless (el) and the zebrafish mutation chokh. In humans, mutations in Rx lead to anophthalmia. All of these studies indicate that Rx genes are key factors in vertebrate eye formation. Because these results cannot be easily reconciled with the most popular dogmas of the field, we offer our interpretation of eye development and evolution.
Collaboration in the small vs. collaboration in the large (1995)

For the past several years, the Collaborative Software Development Laboratory (CSDL) at the University of Hawaii has been pursuing research along two general fronts: the development of computer systems to support group activities (collaborative software), as well as research on the process of developing software in a group setting (collaborative development). Our research projects include:&bull; Egret, a client-server system for implementing domain-specific, collaborative, hypertext systems [1, 6, 7, 9];&bull; CSRS, an Egret-based system for software review and quality improvement [2, 10, 11, 12, 8, 6, 7, 9];&bull; AEN, an Egret-based system for collaborative authoring and learning [3];&bull; CLARE, an Egret-based system collaborative learning and review [4, 13, 14, 15].&bull; ICS-WWW, a WWW-based system for exploring community building through electronic means [5].From these experiences, we have be gun to recognize two fundamentally different styles of collaboration and collaborative system, which we term collaboration-in-t he-large and collaboration-in-the-small. Collaboration in the large, embodied by such systems as WWW, scales to thousands or millions of individuals. Such domain-independent scale requires a kind of collaborative "open world assumption": users do not know the answers to such elementary questions as: Who are the other users? What is the set of artifacts in the system? What has changed sinceyesterday? What is interesting to me? Is the information repository structurally consistent? What is user X doing right now?In contrast, the systems b uilt by our lab exploit the possibiliti es of domain-specific, collaboration-in-the- small where a "closed world assumption" holds. In our systems, in contrast to WWW, all of the preceeding questions have answers, at least relative to the domain of discourse embodied in the system. The cost of collaboration in the small is its lack of scalability both technically and socially: it is unlikely that groups of more than 50 or 100 could work together effectively in our systems, or that our system could provide adequate responsiveness to larger groups.
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Thin Films: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications (2015)

Poly(vinylpyrroldione) (PVP) is a water soluble polymer produced from the N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer. It has applications in a variety of industrial fields. Here in this work, PVP is studied for new applications in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and surface patterning. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is used to deposit PVP under varying conditions such as reactor pressure and substrate temperature. The deposition kinetics was analyzed and found to be dependent on the rate of monomer adsorption from the vapor phase to the substrate surface. These results aided in identifying the ideal crosslinking and pore filling conditions for integrating PVP into DSSCs by iCVD. Fabricated polymer electrolyte DSSCs using PVP prove to have high open circuit voltage and fill factor that produced cells with higher efficiencies than equivalent liquid electrolyte DSSCs, 1.21 compared to 0.80 %. Further studies were performed on the deposition kinetics of PVP deposited under supersaturated conditions of the monomer. Typically, under supersaturation, the monomer condenses randomly on the surface and does not produce a smooth, thin film. However, PVP is found to deposit uniform films on substrates that have low monomer contact angles, which suggests that monomer wettability has a strong effect on resulting film morphology. For substrates with higher monomer contact angles, PVP growth rate is near-zero. Therefore, by utilizing the differences in growth under supersaturated conditions due to differences in surface wettabilities, selective deposition of PVP using iCVD was successfully demonstrated.%%%%M.S., Materials Science  – Drexel University, 2015
Molecular Diagnosis of <i>Granulicatella elegans</i> on the Cardiac Valve of a Patient with Culture-Negative Endocarditis (2002)

We herein report one case of culture-negative infectious endocarditis (IE) where the organism, Granulicatella elegans, was identified by molecular analysis using broad-range PCR primers complementary to the 16S rRNA gene on the removed valve. The results and utility of this method are discussed.
Synthesis of inverto-yuehchukene and its 10-(indol-3′-yl) isomer. X-Ray structure of (4aRS,10aRS)-1,1,3-trimethyl-1,2,4a,5,10,10a-hexahydroindene [1,2-b]indol-10-one (1996)

A total synthesis of inverto-yuehchukene 4 and its 10-(indo-3′-yl) isomer 7 is described. The key tetracyclic ketone intermediate 13 was synthesized by a coupling reaction between 3-indolylzinc reagent and acid chloride 11, followed by Nazarov cyclization of the divinyl ketone 12. The indol-2-yl moiety present in inverto-yuehchukene 4 was introduced by palladium(0)-catalysed cross-coupling between indol-2-ylzinc reagent and the acetate 16.
The MEF2A Isoform Is Required for Striated Muscle-specific Expression of the Insulin-responsive GLUT4 Glucose Transporter (2000)

Previously, we have demonstrated that an MEF2 consensus sequence located between -473/-464 in the human GLUT4 gene was essential for both tissue-specific and hormonal/metabolic regulation of GLUT4 expression (Thai, M. V., Guruswamy, S., Cao, K. T., Pessin, J. E., and Olson, A. L. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14285-14292). To identify the specific MEF2 isoform(s) responsible for GLUT4 expression, we studied the pattern of expression of the MEF2 isoforms in insulin-sensitive tissues. Both heart and skeletal muscle were found to express the MEF2A, MEF2C, and MEF2D isoforms but not MEF2B. However, only the MEF2A protein was selectively down-regulated in insulin-deficient diabetes. Co-immunoprecipitation with isoform-specific antibodies revealed that, in the basal state, essentially all of the MEF2A protein was presented as a MEF2A-MEF2D heterodimer without any detectable MEF2A-MEF2A homodimers or MEF2A-MEF2C and MEF2C-MEF2D heterodimers. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that nuclear extracts from diabetic animals had reduced binding to the MEF2 binding site compared with extracts from control or insulin-treated animals. Furthermore, immunodepletion of the MEF2A-MEF2D complex from control extracts abolished binding to the MEF2 element. However, addition of MEF2A to diabetic nuclear extracts fully restored binding activity to the MEF2 element. These data strongly suggest that the MEF2A-MEF2D heterodimer is selectively decreased in insulin-deficient diabetes and is responsible for hormonally regulated expression of the GLUT4 gene.
Ray tracing through systems containing holographic optical elements (1992)

While the subject of tracing finite rays through an optical system containing holographic optical elements (HOE's) has been widely discussed in scientific literature, the actual mechanism for determining the direction of a ray leaving a generalized HOE appears not to have been addressed in any great depth. Here a detailed description of a practical method that uses a lookup table approach for tracing finite rays through such systems is presented. Furthermore, the construction geometry is not limited to an arrangement whereby only perfect reference and object beams are used to produce the HOE.
Offloading distributed applications onto smartNICs using iPipe (2019)

Emerging Multicore SoC SmartNICs, enclosing rich computing resources (e.g., a multicore processor, onboard DRAM, accelerators, programmable DMA engines), hold the potential to offload generic datacenter server tasks. However, it is unclear how to use a SmartNIC efficiently and maximize the offloading benefits, especially for distributed applications. Towards this end, we characterize four commodity SmartNICs and summarize the offloading performance implications from four perspectives: traffic control, computing capability, onboard memory, and host communication.
Wireless capsule endoscopes for enhanced diagnostic inspection of gastrointestinal tract (2010)

Wireless capsule endoscopy has become a common procedure for diagnostic inspection of gastrointestinal tract. This method offers a less-invasive alternative to traditional endoscopy and provides the opportunity for exploring inaccessible areas of the small intestine. Current capsule endoscopes, however, move by peristalsis and are not capable of detailed and on-demand inspection of desired locations. Here, we propose and develop two wireless endoscopes with maneuverable vision systems to enhance diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. The vision systems in these capsules are equipped with mechanical actuators to adjust the position of the camera. This may help to cover larger areas of the digestive tract and investigate desired locations.
Octanol-Water Partition: Searching for Predictive Models (1998)

The log n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Po/w) still represents one of the most informative physicochemical parameters available to medicinal chemists. In the present work, principles, methodologies, and parameters are briefly reviewed for a variety of models developed to predict this parameter based on molecular structure. To include the developments of recent years, a total of more than 40 different approaches are mentioned with relevant bibliography within four major categories: group contribution methods, atomic contribution methods, molecular methods, and other physicochemical methods. To underscore once more the utility of this partition coefficient, a comprehensive and reevaluated correlation between log Po/w and in vivo permeability data of rat brain capillaries is included. Most deviants that fell below the trendline are those that have been recently found to be substrates for P-glycoprotein, a multidrug transporter that actively removes them from the brain. Accurate predictions of log Po/w may necessitate many parameters, but there is mounting evidence that molecular size and hydrogen bonding ability can account for a major part of the variance. Our recently developed, molecular size-based approach is reviewed, and it is argued that introduction of three-dimensionality allows the elimination of many empirically derived fragment constants without a significant deterioration of the predictive accuracy. A comparison of predictive power for six different methods on 145 molecules of interest for medicinal chemists is also included.