gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregate formation in metallic ferromagnetic liquids (1980)

Ferromagnetic liquids containing 45A diameter tin or antimony coated iron particles dispersed in mercury have been prepared electrolytically. The fluids are found to have a magnetisation which is time dependent when an applied field is abruptly reduced. The characteristic decay time which is of the order of 60s cannot be attributed to magnetisation changes due to small noninteracting particles of 45A diameter but it is consistent with the presence of particle aggregates of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A diameter. Measurements of sedimentation rates and viscosity are also consistent with the presence of aggregates of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A diameter. Measurements of the sedimentation rate in a gravitational field show that if the particles are coated with tin and particularly antimony fluid stability is improved and aggregate size reduced. It is suggested that particle aggregation may be prevented by ensuring that the liquid contains a distribution of particles with a median diameter appreciably smaller than 45A and a small standard deviation.
Microarray Analysis of Toxicogenomic Effects of Peracetic Acid on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2005)

Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection (HAI) represents a serious threat to public health, both in terms of human casualty and in terms of economic impact. On an annual basis, 2 million individuals require prolonged hospitalization, and an estimated 90 000 patients die due to HAI. Economic damages are reported to exceed $4.5 billion, annually. While many disinfectants, including peracetic acid, have been employed to eradicate infectious bacteria, a lack of understanding their mode of action and the corresponding defense mechanisms hinders successful antimicrobial application. We report here the first transcriptome analysis of the response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen infecting those with cystic fibrosis, upon 20 min exposure to a sublethal concentration (1 mM) of peracetic acid. As a result, we identified that 570 out of a total of 5570 P. aeruginosa genes showed statistically significant transcript level changes. Our findings indicate that (i) many genes associated with cellular protective processes were induced, (ii) the transcription of genes involved in primary metabolic pathways was repressed, and (iii) the transcription of genes encoding membrane proteins and small molecule transporters was altered. We also observed that genes within operons were highly cotranscribed in this study. Finally, this global transcriptional profile can help identify signature genes that are also activated with other oxidative disinfectants, which may be used to design new more effective treatments or more efficaciously apply existing compounds.
Fuzzy trajectory tracking control of an autonomous air vehicle (2010)

The development and the implementation of a new guidance law are addressed for a six dimensional trajectory tracking problem, three dimensions for position tracking and three dimensions for velocity tracking, of a micro air vehicle. To generate the desired trajectory a virtual leader is defined which is moved in space. In the guidance law, position and velocity feedbacks are used by fuzzy controllers to generate two acceleration commands. Then, a fuzzy coordinator is applied to coordinate the acceleration commands. Nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom equations of motion are used to model the vehicle dynamics. Also, a bank-to-turn acceleration autopilot for vehicle is considered to follow the acceleration commands. Simulations were carried out to verify the performance of the system. The results demonstrate the ability of the vehicle to track the desired trajectory.
Hemicellulose-derived sugars solubilisation of rape straw. Cofermentation of pentoses and hexoses by Escherichia coli (2015)

Bioconversion of hemicellulose sugars is essential for increasing fuel ethanol yields from lignocellulosic biomass. We report for the first time with rape straw, bioethanol production from hemicellulose sugars. Rape straw was pretreated at mild conditions with sulfuric acid to solubilize the hemicellulose fraction. This pretreatment allows obtaining a prehydrolysate, consisting basically in a solution of monomeric hemicellulosic sugars, with low inhibitor concentrations. The remaining water insoluble solid constitutes a cellulose-enriched, free of extractives material. The influence of temperature (120ºC and 130ºC), acid concentration (2-4% w/v) and pretreatment time (30-180 min) on hemicellulose-derived sugars solubilisation was evaluated. The highest hemicellulosic sugars recovery, 72.3%, was achieved at 130ºC with 2% sulfuric acid and 60 min. At these conditions, a concentrated sugars solution, 52.4 g/L, was obtained after three acid consecutive contacts, with 67% xylose and acetic acid concentration above 4.5 g/L. After a detoxification step by activated charcoal or ion-exchange resin, prehydrolysate was fermented by ethanologenic Escherichia coli. An alcoholic solution of 25 g/L and 86% of theoretical ethanol yield was attained after 144 h when the prehydrolysate was detoxified by ion-exchange resin. The results obtained in the present work show sulfuric acid pretreatment under mild conditions and E. coli as an interesting process to exploit hemicellulosic sugars in rape straw.
Self-deflection and all-optical beam steering in CdZnTe (2004)

We report on the experimental observation of very large self-deflection of optical beams, along with all-optical steering, and electro-optic beam deflection. We observe as many as 27 resolvable spots of deflection at 1-W/cm2 intensity. These deflections arise from enhanced photorefractive effects in CdZnTe:V, giving rise to optically induced index changes in excess of 0.08, which is to our knowledge the strongest nonlinearity ever reported for any bulk semiconductor.
Invited Lecture. Complexities in the structure of ferroelectric liquid crystal cells The chevron structure and twisted states (1989)

Abstract To demonstrate the generality of the chevron structure in ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) cells, an optical micrograph is presented, which shows a series of defect lines clearly indicating this structure. The generality is understood as a direct manifestation of the smectic layer undulation playing an important role in the SASC (S*C) phase transition. By establishing the relation between chevrons and asymmetric focal conics, both of which have two senses, ±z, the boundaries between them with opposite senses, i.e. so-called zig-zag defects, have been characterized; the type boundary does not exist as a line but shrinks into a point. The interplay between the chevron structure and the director alignment has been described in detail; in particular, the appearance of unwinding lines in the middle of thick cells, the characterization of internal disclination loops in SSFLC cells, and the law regulating the emission and absorption of internal disclinations by zig-zag defects. With a view to removing zig-zag defects and to increasing the apparent tilt angle, alignment by obliquely evaporated SiO, which may produce cells free from the chevron structure, alignment by rubbing, and three kinds of electric field effects have been assessed. The rubbing may induce a characteristic deformation of the zig-zag defect loop with a teardrop shape as a consequence of reducing the area surrounded by the loop. Finally, further complexities are noted in connection with the polar surface interaction and the material constants which characterize various director and layer deformations.
The effect of regular brisk walking on quality of life and lung function in partially controlled adult asthmatics (2013)

Back ground The impact of brisk walking on health related quality of life (HRLQ) and FEV1 of asthmatic patients is not well studied Aim To assess improvement in FEV1 and HRLQ following regular brisk walking Methods This is a prospective interventional study conducted in 100 partially controlled asthmatic, randomized in to exercise group(EG) and control group(CG). Basic FEV1 and HRLQ total scores were assessed by spirometry and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Patients in EG were subjected to brisk walking for 30 minutes/day for 6 months. Both groups were followed up regularly. FEV1 & AQLQ reassessed at 1st & 6th months Results There were 40 patients in each group who completed study. Ages were between 18-40 years. Mean base line FEV1 in the EG was 63.1± 12.0(CG = 63.9 ±11.5), after 1st month it was 69.8 ±6.9 (CG = 66.6± 6.6) and 6th month it was 72.7 ± 5.9(CG = 67.7±5.5).The change in FEV1 after 1st month in the EG was 6.7 ± 10.12 % (CG= 2.7% ± 8.0) p value 0.06 and in 6 months was 9.6 ±11.6 %( CG = 3.9± 8.5%) p value 0.014. Base line total HRLQ scores in EG was 136±27.3 (CG =136±26.5), after 1st month it was 169.7± 23.5 (CG= 153.7±21.9) and after 6 months it was 200.9±8.4 (CG =169.7± 23.5). The mean improvement in the 1st month for EG was 33.7±19.4 (CG = 16.9±14.5) & in the 6th month it was 64.9±26.2 (CG was 30.7±19.3).The increment in the total HRLQ scores were much higher in the EG when compared to CG, after 1 as well as 6 months (p value < 0.001). Conclusion Brisk walking for 6 months in partially controlled asthmatic improved HRLQ & FEV1 Reference 1) Sian Turner et al. Respiration 81:302–310; 2011.
Use of Human Skin Reconstructs in the Study of Pigment Modifiers (1997)

These results will permit other investigators to use this model to assess the efficacy of novel molecules that alter pigmentation.
Emerging strategies to target RAS signaling in human cancer therapy (2021)

RAS mutations (HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS) are among the most common oncogenes, and around 19% of patients with cancer harbor RAS mutations. Cells harboring RAS mutations tend to undergo malignant transformation and exhibit malignant phenotypes. The mutational status of RAS correlates with the clinicopathological features of patients, such as mucinous type and poor differentiation, as well as response to anti-EGFR therapies in certain types of human cancers. Although RAS protein had been considered as a potential target for tumors with RAS mutations, it was once referred to as a undruggable target due to the consecutive failure in the discovery of RAS protein inhibitors. However, recent studies on the structure, signaling, and function of RAS have shed light on the development of RAS-targeting drugs, especially with the approval of Lumakras (sotorasib, AMG510) in treatment of KRAS<sup>G12C</sup>-mutant NSCLC patients. Therefore, here we fully review RAS mutations in human cancer and especially focus on emerging strategies that have been recently developed for RAS-targeting therapy.
KJP-20 : The interactive production system for apparel (2003)

This paper argues for the immediate use of Kansei engineering to help deal with the chaotic situation of poorly implemented and disconnected technologies. A theoretical criticism of the current industrial capitalism, together with the promotion of a new post-industrial form of capitalism lays the foundation for a explanation of how this transition can be achieved through a proper understanding of Kansei. A detailed explanation of the Interactive Production System Apparel demonstrates the benefits to both manufacturers and consumers. The paper concludes that the application to apparel is just one many potential applications to improving the lifestyle and enjoyment of individuals throughout society.
Altering the Length of the Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen Has an Impact on the Interaction of<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium with Macrophages and Complement (2006)

A panel of isogenic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains that vary only in the length of the O antigen was constructed through complementation of a wzz double mutant (displaying unregulated O-antigen length) with one of two homologous (wzzST and wzzfepE) or three heterologous (wzzO139 of Vibrio cholerae and wzzSF and wzzpHS-2 of Shigella flexneri) wzz genes. Each gene was functional in the S. enterica serovar Typhimurium host and specified production of O-antigen polymers with lengths typical of those synthesized by the donor bacteria (ranging from 2 to >100 O-antigen repeat units). By use of this panel of strains, it was found that O-antigen length influences invasion/uptake by macrophage cells; this is the first time this has been shown with Salmonella. O-antigen length was confirmed to be related to complement resistance, with a minimum protective length of >4 and <15 repeat units. O antigen of 16 to 35 repeat units was found to activate complement more efficiently than other lengths, but this was unrelated to complement resistance. No evidence was found to suggest that modifying the length of the O-antigen polymer affected expression of the O1, O4, or O5 antigenic factors.
Efficacy and safety of phlogenzym--a protease formulation, in sepsis in children. (2002)

Phlogenzym is effective as an adjuvant with antibiotics and supportive treatment for early improvement of pediatric patients with sepsis.
Rapid Sequential <i>in Situ</i> Multiplexing With DNA-Exchange-Imaging (2017)

Abstract To decipher the molecular mechanism of biological function, it is critical to map the molecular composition of individual cells in the context of their biological environment in situ . Immunofluorescence (IF) provides specific labeling for molecular profiling. However, conventional IF methods have finite multiplexing capabilities due to spectral overlap of the fluorophores. Various sequential imaging methods have been developed to circumvent this spectral limit, but are not widely adopted due to the common limitation of requiring multi-rounds of slow (typically over 2 hours at room temperature to overnight at 4 °C in practice) immunostaining. DNA-Exchange-Imaging is a practical platform for rapid in situ spectrally-unlimited multiplexing. This technique overcomes speed restrictions by allowing for single-step immunostaining with DNA-barcoded antibodies, followed by rapid (less than 10 minutes) buffer exchange of fluorophore-bearing DNA imager strands. By eliminating the need for multiple rounds of immunostaining, DEI enables rapid spectrally unlimited sequential imaging. The programmability of DNA-Exchange-Imaging allows us to further adapt it to diverse microscopy platforms (with Exchange-Confocal, Exchange-SIM, Exchange-STED, and Exchange-PAINT demonstrated here), achieving highly multiplexed in situ protein visualization in diverse samples (including neuronal and tumor cells as well as fresh-frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue sections) and at multiple desired resolution scales (from ~300 nm down to sub-20-nm). Validation highlights include 8-target imaging using single-channel Exchange-Confocal in tens of micron thick retina tissue sections in 2-3 hours (as compared to days required in principle by previous methods using comparable equipment), and 8-target super-resolution imaging with ~20 nm resolution using Exchange-PAINT in primary neurons. These results collectively suggest DNA-Exchange as a versatile, practical platform for rapid, highly multiplexed in situ imaging, potentially enabling new applications ranging from basic science, to drug discovery, and to clinical pathology.
Asymmetrische Katalysen, 77<sup>[1]</sup> Neue optisch aktive Pyrazolderivate für die enantioselektive Katalyse (1992)

Asymmetric Catalysis, 77 [1] . – New Optically Active Pyrazole Derivatives for Enantioselective Catalysis Starting from the amines 3–6 and the dipyrazolopyrazinedione 2 , the optically active (pyrazolylmethyl)amines 11–14 have been synthesized. Furthermore, the preparation of the (+)‐camphor‐derived optically active pyrazole 17 is described. Pyrazoles 11–13 and 17 are introduced as chiral building blocks into the 2‐(1‐pyrazolyl)pyridines 30–33 . The optically active compounds 23–25 are formed from 2‐[3(5)‐pyrazolyl]pyridine and 2,6‐bis[3(5‐)pyrazolyl]pyridine, respectively, and (+)‐3‐(bromomethyl)pinane. The pyrazole derivatives 27–29 contain (+)‐(1‐phenylethyl)hydrazine as the optically active component.
Sequential analysis of oligosaccharide structures by modern NMR techniques (1990)

Abstract Sequential analysis of oligosaccharide structures can be achieved by semiselective NMR‐pulse techniques. Gaussianshaped pulses combined with multistep‐relayed coherence transfer and NOE have been used to determine the sequence and assign the carbohydrate resonances of lanatoside C.
Hantavirus Infection in the United States: Epizootiology and Epidemiology (1990)

Multiple species of murid and arvicolid (microtine) rodents serve as the reservoir hosts of hantaviruses, the etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Three antigenically distinct hantaviruses have been isolated from Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Microtus pennsylvanicus captured in the United States, and serologic evidence of a hantavirus enzootic has been found in several other indigenous rodent species. In residential districts of port cities such as Baltimore, nearly 50% of Norway rats are infected with viruses that are serologically indistinguishable from disease-causing Hantavirus strains isolated from rats in the Far East. Despite the widespread distribution of Hantavirus-infected rodents, confirmed cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome have not been recognized in the United States. Moreover, the overall risk of hantavirus infection in humans in the United States is low, even among individuals who have frequent exposure to commensal and wild rodents. Studies are needed to define the clinical spectrum of hantavirus infection in humans in the United States.
Adaptive Regulation at the Cell Surface by <i>N</i>‐Glycosylation (2009)

The association of receptors and solute transporters with components of the endocytic machinery regulates their surface levels, and thereby cellular sensitivity to cytokines, ligands and nutrients in the extracellular environment. Most transmembrane receptors and solute transporters are glycoproteins, and the Asn (N)-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) can bind animal lectins, forming multivalent lattices or microdomains that regulate glycoprotein mobility in the plane of membrane. The N-glycan number (sequence-encoded NXS/T) and context-dependent Golgi N-glycan branching cooperate to regulate glycoprotein affinities for the galectin family of lectins. Galectin-3 binding reduces EGF receptor trafficking into clathrin-coated pits and caveolae lipid rafts, decreases ligand-independent receptor activation and promotes alpha5beta1 integrin remodelling in focal adhesions. N-glycan branching in the medial Golgi increases glycan affinity for galectins, and the Golgi pathway is sensitive to uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) supply, in turn hexosamine pathway metabolites (fructose-6-P, glutamine and acetyl-CoA). Thus, lattice avidity and cellular responsiveness to extracellular cues are regulated in an adaptive manner by metabolism and Golgi modification to glycoproteins. Computational modelling of the hexosamine/Golgi/lattice has provided new insight on cell surface adaptation in cancer and autoimmune disease.
Guaianolides as Immunomodulators. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Dehydrocostus Lactone, Mokko Lactone, Eremanthin, and Their Derivatives (1998)

The naturally occurring guaianolides, namely mokko lactone (1), dehydrocostus lactone (2), eremanthin (3), and related guaianolides, 16, 17, 21, 22, 28−31, 33, 36, 37, and 39, have been synthesized starting from l-α-santonin in an effort to examine their structure−activity relationship as inhibitors of the killing function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). It was observed during the present study that the guaianolides possessing an α-methylene γ-lactone moiety, i.e., 2, 3, 30, 33, 37, and 39, exhibited significant inhibitory activity toward the killing function of CTL and the induction of ICAM-1.
Übersichtsartikel. Synthese, Charakterisierung und Applikation von Polyglycerolen und Polyglycerolfettsäureestern (1984)

The current state of knowledge in the field of synthesis and properties of polyglycerols and polyglycerol fatty acid esters is presented. Alternatives for the analytical characterization of these families by means of physico-chemical methods, with special reference to chromatography and spectroscopy, are described. Furthermore, the use of polyglycerol fatty acid esters as food additives is considered from the view-points of the physiology of nutrition and of processing technology.
Cryo-imaging of fluorescently labeled single cells in a mouse (2009)

We developed a cryo-imaging system to provide single-cell detection of fluorescently labeled cells in mouse, with particular applicability to stem cells and metastatic cancer. The Case cryo-imaging system consists of a fluorescence microscope, robotic imaging positioner, customized cryostat, PC-based control system, and visualization/analysis software. The system alternates between sectioning (10-40 μm) and imaging, collecting color brightfield and fluorescent block-face image volumes >60GB. In mouse experiments, we imaged quantum-dot labeled stem cells, GFP-labeled cancer and stem cells, and cell-size fluorescent microspheres. To remove subsurface fluorescence, we used a simplified model of light-tissue interaction whereby the next image was scaled, blurred, and subtracted from the current image. We estimated scaling and blurring parameters by minimizing entropy of subtracted images. Tissue specific attenuation parameters were found [u(T) : heart (267 ± 47.6 μm), liver (218 ± 27.1 μm), brain (161 ± 27.4 μm)] to be within the range of estimates in the literature. "Next image" processing removed subsurface fluorescence equally well across multiple tissues (brain, kidney, liver, adipose tissue, etc.), and analysis of 200 microsphere images in the brain gave 97±2% reduction of subsurface fluorescence. Fluorescent signals were determined to arise from single cells based upon geometric and integrated intensity measurements. Next image processing greatly improved axial resolution, enabled high quality 3D volume renderings, and improved enumeration of single cells with connected component analysis by up to 24%. Analysis of image volumes identified metastatic cancer sites, found homing of stem cells to injury sites, and showed microsphere distribution correlated with blood flow patterns.We developed and evaluated cryo-imaging to provide single-cell detection of fluorescently labeled cells in mouse. Our cryo-imaging system provides extreme (>60GB), micron-scale, fluorescence, and bright field image data. Here we describe our image pre-processing, analysis, and visualization techniques. Processing improves axial resolution, reduces subsurface fluorescence by 97%, and enables single cell detection and counting. High quality 3D volume renderings enable us to evaluate cell distribution patterns. Applications include the myriad of biomedical experiments using fluorescent reporter gene and exogenous fluorophore labeling of cells in applications such as stem cell regenerative medicine, cancer, tissue engineering, etc.
Multifactorial Prediction of Arrhythmic Events after Myocardial Infarction. Combination of Heart Rate Variability and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction with Other Variables (1991)

Autonomic dysfunction has recently been shown to identify postinfarction patients at a high risk of arrhythmic events. Therefore, the predictive characteristics of heart rate variability and the left ventricular ejection fraction in combination with other prognostic variables--mean heart rate, late potentials, and ventricular ectopic beat frequency greater than 10/hour (VE10)--were examined in 417 postinfarction patients. The heart rate variability index was the most important factor for the stratification of patients at high risk of arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction and optimum stratification was based on the combination of the heart rate variability index with late potentials or with frequent ventricular ectopic beats.