gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Output Resistance and Wide Swing Voltage Charge Pump Circuit (2008)

This paper presents a new charge pump circuit to minimize the current mismatch. By connecting a common-gate and a common-source amplifier as the feedback voltage regulator, the highly matched charge pump currents are accomplished. Additionally, the proposed circuit has wide output voltage swing, which ensures its good performance under very low power supply.
Effect of Mutual Coupling on the Performance of STCM-MIMO Systems (2019)

Space-time coded massive (STCM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system provides superior bit error rate (BER) performance compared with the conventional space-time coding and massive MIMO techniques. The transmitter of the STCM-MIMO system consists of a large antenna array. In a practical system, the self-interference created by the signals transmitted by the elements of this antenna array, known as mutual coupling (MC), degrades the performance of the system. The MC effect is pronounced in communication systems with a large antenna array. On the other hand, increasing the number of transmitting antennas results in improved BER performance. Hence, there is a trade off in selecting the optimum number of transmitting antennas in an STCM-MIMO system. In order to take the impact of MC into account, we have derived an analytical expression for the received signal to accurately model the STCM-MIMO system under the existence of the MC effect. We present an algorithm to select the optimal number of antennas to minimize mutual coupling and the system bit error rate (BER). Through computer simulations, we investigate the BER performance of the STCM-MIMO system for different numbers of array elements.
Control of a Direct Matrix Converter With Modulated Model-Predictive Control (2017)

This paper investigates the use of a model-predictive control strategy to control a direct matrix converter. The proposed control method combines the features of the classical model-predictive control and the space vector modulation technique into a modulated model-predictive control. This new solution maintains all the characteristics of model-predictive control (such as fast transient response, multiobjective control using only one feedback loop, easy inclusion of nonlinearities and constraints of the system, and the flexibility to include other system requirements in the controller), adding the advantages of working at fixed switching frequency and improving the quality of the controlled waveforms. Simulation and experimental results employing the control method to a direct matrix converter are presented.
Pressurized-Flat-Interface Heat Exchanger (1990)

High thermal conductance obtained without leakage between loops. Heat-exchanger interface enables efficient transfer of heat between two working fluids without allowing fluids to intermingle. Interface thin, flat, and easy to integrate into thermal system. Possible application in chemical or pharmaceutical manufacturing when even trace contamination of process stream with water or other coolant ruins product. Reduces costs when highly corrosive fluids must be cooled or heated.
Surface-mounted periodic field eddy current sensors for structural health monitoring (2001)

Surface mountable eddy current sensors are a revolutionary new concept in nondestructive inspection. These eddy current sensors can be mounted, like a strain gage, at critical locations for detection of crack initiation and monitoring of crack growth. This can be accomplished on a fatigue test article, as well as on in-service aircraft or other structures (patents pending). The mountable periodic field eddy current sensors, described in this paper, can be used as a replacement for standard eddy-current sensors without introducing new requirements. This is not the case with other proposed health monitoring sensors. For critical structures, substantially reduced inspection costs and life extension is possible with permanently mounted eddy current sensors. This is particularly true for difficult-to-access locations that require surface preparation (e.g., sealant or insulation removal) and disassembly when conventional eddy current testing is performed. By enabling eddy current testing in areas currently not accessible to conventional inspection, such as locations deep in an aircraft structure, damage tolerance can be achieved with low cost inspections. Embedded versions might even be mounted between layers, such as in a lapjoint. Surface mountable eddy current sensors are suitable for on-line monitoring and in-service inspections. This paper provides an introduction to surface mountable eddy current sensors, presents specific results from fatigue coupon tests and describes upcoming full-scale aircraft fatigue tests. Also, ongoing efforts to implement this technology on commercial and military aircraft are described. This research has been funded in part by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, JENTEK Sensors, Inc., and Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company. The goal of this paper is to provide a basic understanding of surface mounted eddy current sensor capabilities and potential, and to promote their broader use in fatigue testing, aircraft health monitoring as well as for health monitoring of non-aerospace structures.
Restricted Earth Fault Protection in Low-Impedance Grounded Systems With Inverter-Based Resources (2022)

A restricted earth fault (REF) protection element provides sensitive detection of ground faults near the neutral of a transformer or a generator. The sensitivity gains from the REF element are especially more valuable when the equipment is low-impedance grounded when the transformer phase differential element (87T) is ineffective. However, the REF element faces several challenges in low-impedance grounded systems, which are becoming more prevalent in inverter-based resource (IBR) plants. Dependability of the REF element may be compromised if the zero-sequence current at the transformer terminal is capacitive for an internal ground fault. Security of the REF element may be jeopardized for external faults, such as a phase-to-phase-to-ground or an evolving fault with current transformer (CT) saturation. Using field events from low-impedance grounded IBR plants and simulations, this paper discusses the challenges and design improvements to an REF element for low-impedance grounded systems. CT selection criteria and setting guidance for reliable operation of the REF element are provided. Finally, the coverage provided by the REF element is compared with the 87T element to highlight its benefits in low-impedance grounded systems.
Emerging Role of ODC1 in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Brain Development (2021)

Ornithine decarboxylase 1 (<i>ODC1</i> gene) has been linked through gain-of-function variants to a rare disease featuring developmental delay, alopecia, macrocephaly, and structural brain anomalies. <i>ODC1</i> has been linked to additional diseases like cancer, with growing evidence for neurological contributions to schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety, epilepsy, learning, and suicidal behavior. The evidence of <i>ODC1</i> connection to neural disorders highlights the need for a systematic analysis of <i>ODC1</i> genotype-to-phenotype associations. An analysis of variants from ClinVar, Geno2MP, TOPMed, gnomAD, and COSMIC revealed an intellectual disability and seizure connected loss-of-function variant, ODC G84R (rs138359527, NC_000002.12:g.10444500C > T). The missense variant is found in ~1% of South Asian individuals and results in 2.5-fold decrease in enzyme function. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) reveal multiple functionally annotated, non-coding variants regulating <i>ODC1</i> that associate with psychiatric/neurological phenotypes. Further dissection of RNA-Seq during fetal brain development and within cerebral organoids showed an association of <i>ODC1</i> expression with cell proliferation of neural progenitor cells, suggesting gain-of-function variants with neural over-proliferation and loss-of-function variants with neural depletion. The linkage from the expression data of <i>ODC1</i> in early neural progenitor proliferation to phenotypes of neurodevelopmental delay and to the connection of polyamine metabolites in brain function establish <i>ODC1</i> as a bona fide neurodevelopmental disorder gene.
Recovery of [CO2]T from Aqueous Bicarbonate using a Gas Permeable Membrane (2008)

Abstract : Celgard 2400 gas permeable membranes were in contact with a model sodium bicarbonate solution on a closed system at elevated water pressures. When gaseous carbon dioxide was removed from the water by diffusion through the membrane, the bicarbonate disproportionated to carbon dioxide and carbonate. The carbon dioxide permeance rate and effect of ionic strength on disproportionation is reported.
Using microbubbles to oxygenate blood: possible? (2004)

This paper addresses the concept of introducing oxygen-filled, micrometer-sized bubbles directly into the blood as an adjuvant to the body's oxygen requirement when respiratory function is compromised (ARDS, SARS). Proof-of-concept experiments determined the time course of oxygen-filled bubbles dissolution in air equilibrated saline. A mathematical model revealed details consistent with the data. Assuming 10 /spl mu/m bubbles can be made at 1 kHz per nozzle, it was determined that a small pencil-sized device could be inserted into the inferior vena cava to supply oxygen needs. A cross-flow device produced microbubbles at an acceptable rate but the size was unacceptably large. A mathematical model of the process was used to determine dimensional changes that might produce smaller bubbles. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrated it is realistic to produce 10-13 /spl mu/m microbubbles continuously.
Active control of combustion instabilities with real time operation of unstable combustor modes (1996)

The theoretical foundation and performance of an active control system that rapidly characterizes and damps combustor instabilities whose characteristics are not known in advance are presented. The heart of this control system is an observer that uses, for example, a measured combustor pressure to determine the frequencies, phases and amplitudes of the combustor modes in real time. This information is input into a controller that provides each mode with a gain and a phase shift prior to sending a signal to an actuator that injects an oscillating fuel stream into the combustor. The paper uses numerical simulations to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed controller. First, it is shown that the developed observer can determine the frequencies and amplitudes of oscillating modes without having any prior knowledge about their characteristics. Next, it is shown that this controller can identify and control instabilities involving several modes in linearly unstable systems. Finally, the ability of the developed controller to rapidly damp a nonlinear, shock-wave like, instability in a rocket combustor by controlling the fundamental mode and its harmonics is demonstrated.
Quantifying the Impact of Natural Fractures on the Performance of Unconventional Wells Using Geomechanical Modeling (2015)

Summary A geomechanical workflow that combines Geophysics, Geology and Geomechanics (3G) is discussed and applied to a Wolfcamp well. The new workflow uses the Material Point Method (MPM) to simulate the geomechanical interaction between hydraulic and natural fractures. The realistic distribution of the natural fractures input in the geomechanical simulation is derived from seismic. The workflow leads to multiple deliverables that provide a quantitative measure of the impact of natural fractures on the performance of the fraced unconventional wells. First, the quantitative impact of the natural fractures on the regional stress is provided through the differential stress. The second impact is through the proper modeling of the interaction between the hydraulic and natural fractures which is validated with microseismic data. Lastly, the impact of the natural fractures is measured in the J Integral where poor frac stages are identified in areas where there are too many fractures (near faults) or not enough fractures. The best frac stages seem to cluster where there are enough fractures to create a complexity, proximal to large natural fracture trends interpreted from seismically-derived coherency.
Ensemble modeling through multiplicative adjustment of class probability (2003)

We develop a new concept for aggregating items of evidence for class probability estimation. In Naive Bayes, each feature contributes an independent multiplicative factor to the estimated class probability. We modify this model to include an exponent in each factor in order to introduce feature importance. These exponents are chosen to maximize the accuracy of estimated class probabilities on the training data. For Naive Bayes, this modification accomplishes more than what feature selection can. More generally, since the individual features can be the outputs of separate probability models, this yields a new ensemble modeling approach, which we call APM (Adjusted Probability Model), along with a regularized version called APMR.
Bond Coat Development for Thermal Barrier Coatings (1990)

The use of thermal barrier coatings on high-pressure turbine components can improve gas turbine efficiency through reduction of cooling airflow. However, to reduce cooling airflow, a highly reliable thermal barrier coating is required. This increased reliability will be achievable through several complimentary approaches: material and process development, life prediction method development, and engine service experience. The results of bond coat material development, which has increased the thermal cycle life of plasma spray thermal barrier coatings, are presented. Improvements were achieved by two methods: (1) use of creep-resistant bond coat compositions, and (2) overaluminiding of the bond coat.
Solid-Phase Purification of Synthetic DNA Sequences (2016)

Although high-throughput methods for solid-phase synthesis of DNA sequences are currently available for synthetic biology applications and technologies for large-scale production of nucleic acid-based drugs have been exploited for various therapeutic indications, little has been done to develop high-throughput procedures for the purification of synthetic nucleic acid sequences. An efficient process for purification of phosphorothioate and native DNA sequences is described herein. This process consists of functionalizing commercial aminopropylated silica gel with aminooxyalkyl functions to enable capture of DNA sequences carrying a 5'-siloxyl ether linker with a "keto" function through an oximation reaction. Deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites functionalized with the 5'-siloxyl ether linker were prepared in yields of 75-83% and incorporated last into the solid-phase assembly of DNA sequences. Capture of nucleobase- and phosphate-deprotected DNA sequences released from the synthesis support is demonstrated to proceed near quantitatively. After shorter than full-length DNA sequences were washed from the capture support, the purified DNA sequences were released from this support upon treatment with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in dry DMSO. The purity of released DNA sequences exceeds 98%. The scalability and high-throughput features of the purification process are demonstrated without sacrificing purity of the DNA sequences.
Quasi-inverses of schema mappings (2007)

Schema mappings are high-level specifications that describe the relationship between two database schemas. Two operators on schema mappings, namely the composition operator and the inverse operator, are regarded as especially important. Progress on the study of the inverse operator was not made until very recently, as even finding the exact semantics of this operator turned out to be a fairly delicate task. Furthermore, this notion is rather restrictive, since it is rare that a schema mapping possesses an inverse.
Low Complexity Max-log LLR Computation for Nonuniform PAM Constellations (2016)

In this letter, we derive a low-complexity method for demodulating nonuniform PAM signals. With uniform Gray-coded M-PAM constellations, the reflective symmetry can be exploited to demodulate the signals with low complexity. However with nonuniform constellations, this symmetry is lost and more complicated computations are required. We derive an analytic expression for the max-log LLR functions and show that they are piecewise linear functions. Based on this, we devise a demodulation algorithm that has complexity O (log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> M) as opposed to O (M) for the exhaustive search. We also present an approximation with reduced complexity and only modest performance degradation.
Five minute analysis of chemotherapy drugs in saliva (2006)

Cancer treatment often includes chemotherapy drugs that prevent cancer cell growth through a variety of biochemical mechanisms, but are not target specific and kill other cells. Consequently, the dosage has a narrow range of safe and effective use. Furthermore, because of the dangerous side-effects of these drugs, clinical trials are not performed, and dosage is based on the limited statistics of the response of previously treated patients and administered according to body surface area. Monitoring dosage during administration would clearly improve patient outcome. Unfortunately current practices require 10-20 milliliters of blood per analysis, and multiple samples to profile pharmacokinetics may further jeopardize the patient's health. Saliva analysis has long been considered an attractive alternative, but the large sample volumes are difficult to obtain. In an effort to overcome this limitation we have been investigating metal-doped sol-gels to both separate drugs and their metabolites from saliva and generate surface-enhanced Raman spectra. We have incorporated the sol-gel in a disposable pipette format, and generally no more than two drops (100 microL) of sample are required to perform analysis. The detailed molecular vibrational information allows chemical identification, while the increase in Raman scattering by six orders of magnitude or more allows detection of nanomolar concentrations. Measurements of chemotherapy drugs at relevant concentration are presented.
Rational vaccinology with spherical nucleic acids (2019)

In the case of cancer immunotherapy, nanostructures are attractive because they can carry all of the necessary components of a vaccine, including both antigen and adjuvant. Herein, we explore how spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), an emerging class of nanotherapeutic materials, can be used to deliver peptide antigens and nucleic acid adjuvants to raise immune responses that kill cancer cells, reduce (or eliminate) tumor growth, and extend life in three established mouse tumor models. Three SNA structures that are compositionally nearly identical but structurally different markedly vary in their abilities to cross-prime antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and raise subsequent antitumor immune responses. Importantly, the most effective structure is the one that exhibits synchronization of maximum antigen presentation and costimulatory marker expression. In the human papillomavirus-associated TC-1 model, vaccination with this structure improved overall survival, induced the complete elimination of tumors from 30% of the mice, and conferred curative protection from tumor rechallenges, consistent with immunological memory not otherwise achievable. The antitumor effect of SNA vaccination is dependent on the method of antigen incorporation within the SNA structure, underscoring the modularity of this class of nanostructures and the potential for the deliberate design of new vaccines, thereby defining a type of rational cancer vaccinology.
Effect of Intensity and Duration of Heat-shock Treatments on Wound-induced Phenolic Metabolism in Iceberg Lettuce (1997)

Wounding during minimal processing of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa , L.) induces alterations in phenolic metabolism that promote browning and the loss of quality. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; the first committed enzyme in phenylpropanoid metabolism) and the concentration of phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid, dicaffeoyl tartaric acid, and isochlorogenic acid) increase in excised iceberg lettuce midrib segments after wounding. The effect of short heat-shock treatments on browning and phenolic metabolism in excised midrib segments of iceberg lettuce was studied. As the heat-shock temperature increased from 20 to 70 °C, there was a decrease in the subsequent increase in PAL activity and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in excised midrib segments. Treatments of 45 °C for 120 s, 50 °C for 60 s, or 55 °C for 30 s significantly reduced the increase in PAL activity and subsequent browning seen in control tissue after wounding. Exposure to 45 °C for 480 s, 50 °C for 60 s, or 55 °C for 45 s prevented PAL activity from rising above initial levels. Phenolic compounds remained at initial levels for 3 days in excised midribs exposed to 50 °C for 90 s or to 55 °C for 60 s. However, 55 °C damaged the tissue, as indicated by a * and L * Hunter color values. The synthesis of chlorogenic acid, dicaffeoyl tartaric acid, and isochlorogenic acid was greatly reduced by these heat-shock treatments. These treatments also decreased polyphenol oxidase activity and, to a lesser extent, peroxidase activity.
[P4–087]: GENOME‐WIDE MICRORNA AND MRNA EXPRESSION PATTERN IN ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in multiple biological and cellular processes by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNAs have been associated with various disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most miRNA studies in AD so far were hypothesis-driven candidate-driven approaches using limited sample sizes and/or lack of independent replications. This study aims at the simultaneous investigation of genome wide miRNA and mRNA expression patterns of cortical whole-brain tissues in AD patients and healthy controls. To characterize the AD miRNA signature we examined genome-wide miRNA (> 1200) and mRNA expression patterns in the temporal cortex (TC) of 64 AD and control samples provided by the Munich Brain Bank. We validated our miRNA results by semi-quantitative real time PCR in independent brain samples using prefrontal cortex (PFC) provided by the Netherland Brain bank. Further, we separated grey and white matter brain sections to identify the cellular origin of the altered miRNA expression. Significantly deregulated miRNAs and mRNAs were correlated and examined for potential binding sites (in silico). We observed genome-wide down-regulation of hsa-miR-132–3p and hsa-miR-212–3p in AD with a stronger decrease in grey matter AD samples. We further identified ten differently expressed transcripts achieving genome-wide levels of significance. Correlation and binding site analyses revealed several potential target genes. This miRNome-wide study in AD brains provides supportive evidence to previous studies and corroborates an important contribution of miR-132/212 and corresponding target mRNAs to the pathogenesis of AD.