gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antifouling activity of enzyme‐functionalized silica nanobeads (2015)

ABSTRACT The amelioration of biofouling in industrial processing equipment is critical for performance and reliability. While conventional biocides are effective in biofouling control, they are potentially hazardous to the environment and in some cases corrosive to materials. Enzymatic approaches have been shown to be effective and can overcome the disadvantages of traditional biocides, however they are typically uneconomic for routine biofouling control. The aim of this study was to design a robust and reusable enzyme‐functionalized nano‐bead system having biofilm dispersion properties. This work describes the biochemical covalent functionalization of silica‐based nanobeads (hereafter referred to as Si‐NanoB) with Proteinase K (PK). Results showed that PK‐functionalized Si‐NanoB are effective in dispersing both protein‐based model biofilms and structurally altering Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms, with significant decreases in surface coverage and thickness of 30.1% and 38.85%, respectively, while increasing surface roughness by 19 % following 24 h treatments on bacterial biofilms. This study shows that enzyme‐functionalized nanobeads may potentially be an environmentally friendly and cost effective alternative to pure enzyme and chemical treatments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 501–512. © 2015 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new collision resolution protocol for mobile RFID tags (2007)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have been widely deployed for inventory management, personal identification, and asset tracking. In such environments, RFID tags frequently move in and out of a reader's interrogation zone. Consequently, it is necessary for a reader to keep track of all tags in its interrogation zone in a periodic manner. This requirement not only increases workload of a reader but also generates large amount of traffic from a reader to a management server. In this paper, we propose a selective tag identification protocol which has two sub-frames: an identification frame and an access frame. The proposed protocol improves RFID tag identification performance by introducing a frame counter that enables readers to discriminate newly arriving tags and leaving tags. In addition, simulation results show that the proposed protocol reduces the amount of traffic from a reader to a management server by updating only the changes in tag population.
Pure Silica Large Pore Zeolite ITQ-7:  Synthetic Strategies, Structure-Directing Effects, and Control and Nature of Structural Disorder (2007)

Several organic cations derived from the same rigid bicyclic amine 1,3,3-trimethyl-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane have been used as structure-directing agents for the synthesis of pure silica zeolites in the presence of fluoride. The results are rationalized in terms of the varying size and rigidity of the cations. Both concepts were used in defining a large and rigid spiroammonium derivative which afforded the synthesis of the large pore pure silica zeolite ITQ-7. The existence of structural disorder in ITQ-7, which may be controlled through the water/silica ratio of the synthesis mixture, is confirmed by a number of techniques, but high-resolution electron microscopy results ruled out the existence of stacking faults. Thus, disorder in ITQ-7 does not appear to be due to intergrowths and may correspond to the existence of local defects, probably involving double four ring units, causing lattice strain mainly in the ab plane, according to X-ray diffraction simulations.
[Effects of the growth factors EDGF I and EDGF II on wound healing of the corneal epithelium in rabbits]. (1987)

EDGF I and II, the retinal forms of basic and acid FGF, isolated from adult bovine retina, are both able to increase the rate of wound healing of rabbit corneal epithelium.
Efficient bundle adjustment with virtual key frames: a hierarchical approach to multi-frame structure from motion (2003)

In this paper we present an efficient hierarchical approach to structure from motion for long image sequences. There are two key elements to our approach: accurate 3D reconstruction for each segment and efficient bundle adjustment for the whole sequence. The image sequence is first divided into a number of segments so that feature points can be reliably tracked across each segment. Each segment has a long baseline to ensure accurate 3D reconstruction. To efficiently bundle adjust 3D structures from ail segments, we reduce the number of frames in each segment by introducing "virtual keyframes". The virtual frames encode the 3D structure of each segment along with its uncertainty but they form a small subset of the original frames. Our method achieves significant speedup over conventional bundle adjustment methods.
The aromatase enzyme: from cloning to cancer. (1990)

Estrogen production by adipose tissue has been implicated in the etiology of such human cancers as endometrial and breast cancer. Estrogen production by adipose cells is subject to complex multifactorial regulation by a number of growth factors and cytokines, including those produced by breast cancer cells. In order to understand the mechanisms responsible for aromatase regulation, the structural gene encoding aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450AROM) was isolated from human genomic DNA. The gene spans at least 70 kb and is comprised of 10 exons, the first of which is untranslated. DNA sequence analysis indicates that the gene has a putative TATA (ATAAAA) sequence at -23 bp and putative CAAT binding sequences beginning at -41, -67, and -83 bp, that constitute a promoter region responsible for expression in placenta. However, this promoter does not appear to be responsible for expression in adipose, which may therefore be under the control of another, tissue-specific, promoter. Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology has allowed for determination of expression of P-450AROM in samples of breast adipose. Preliminary results indicate that expression is highest in the upper lateral region, similar to the site of most frequent localization of tumors.
An Analysis and Method for Contrast Enhancement Turbulence Mitigation (2014)

A common problem for imaging in the atmosphere is fog and atmospheric turbulence. Over the years, many researchers have provided insight into the physics of either the fog or turbulence but not both. Most recently, researchers have proposed methods to remove fog in images fast enough for real-time processing. Additionally, methods have been proposed by other researchers that address the atmospheric turbulence problem. In this paper, we provide an analysis that incorporates both physics models: 1) fog and 2) turbulence. We observe how contrast enhancements (fog removal) can affect image alignment and image averaging. We present in this paper, a new joint contrast enhancement and turbulence mitigation (CETM) method that utilizes estimations from the contrast enhancement algorithm to improve the turbulence removal algorithm. We provide a new turbulent mitigation object metric that measures temporal consistency. Finally, we design the CETM to be efficient such that it can operate in fractions of a second for near real-time applications.
Modified Immunofluorescence Test for the Serologie Diagnosis of Gonorrhea (FGT-ABS) (1977)

Investigation of the source of false-positive reactions in the Fluorescent Gonococcal Test-Heated (FGT-H) implicated antibodies to antigens common to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. Absorption experiments proved that the fluorescence was due to both species-specific and common antigens and that in most cases the common antibodies could be successfully absorbed by a soluble protein extract of N. meningitidis. The value of such an absorption step was examined using sera from 500 women, 73 from bacteriologically confirmed cases of gonorrhea and 427 from bacteriologically and clinically negative cases. The absorption step reduced the false positivity rate by 58% without a significant change in sensitivity. The modified procedure, the Fluorescent Gonococcal Antibody Test-Absorbed (FGT-ABS), has a sensitivity similar to the Fluorescent Gonococcal Test-Heated (FGT-H) but has the advantage of higher specificity.
A comparative study of axon diameter imaging techniques using diffusion MRI (2011)

Axon diameter and density provide information about the function and performance of white matter pathways. Direct measurement of such microstructure features offers more specific biomarkers than DTI indices. Many techniques to measure axon diameter statistics using diffusion MRI have been proposed in the literature, ranging from model-based approaches to Q-space imaging, but little is known of their relative performance and consistency. This work compares several representative model-based approaches quantitatively to gain insight into how the choices of tissue model and imaging protocol impact the estimation of microstructural features.
Explaining fish guidance characteristics of mesh and bar screens: The relative pressure signature hypothesis (1995)

Hydropower dams on the Columbia River block migration of anadromous fishes. Extensive bypass facilities have been installed to guide migrating fishes around the dams. The first component of such systems encountered by out-migrating smolts is submerged bypass screens of one of two major design alternatives. Screens are constructed of either relatively fine woven mesh (traveling screens) or closely spaced bars (bar screens). Using underwater videoimaging, we quantified the relative fish impingement characteristics of each screen design at McNary Dam and The Dalles Dam. Each design was operated under a variety of deployment alternatives and turbine discharges. Video images of the screen surface were obtained from 5-6 cameras distributed on the screen centerline from the screen top (nearest the deck or intake) to the screen bottom. Over 4000 smolt-screen interactions were imaged, processed, and analyzed. A selection of hydraulic and behavioral variables was collected from each recorded image. Screen type had a significant effect on fish impingement and near-screen flow fields. These findings, in conjunction with the known influence of background noise levels on ability of fish to detect specific underwater signals, suggest that guidance effectiveness of a specific screen design may be partially determined by characteristics of the pressure fieldmore » that the screen generates relative to background turbulence patterns - the Relative Pressure Signature Hypothesis.« less
Self-Powered Gesture Recognition with Ambient Light (2018)

We present a self-powered module for gesture recognition that utilizes small, low-cost photodiodes for both energy harvesting and gesture sensing. Operating in the photovoltaic mode, photodiodes harvest energy from ambient light. In the meantime, the instantaneously harvested power from individual photodiodes is monitored and exploited as clues for sensing finger gestures in proximity. Harvested power from all photodiodes are aggregated to drive the whole gesture-recognition module including the micro-controller running the recognition algorithm. We design robust, lightweight algorithm to recognize finger gestures in the presence of ambient light fluctuations. We fabricate two prototypes to facilitate user's interaction with smart glasses and smart watch. Results show 99.7%/98.3% overall precision/recall in recognizing five gestures on glasses and 99.2%/97.5% precision/recall in recognizing seven gestures on the watch. The system consumes 34.6 µW/74.3 µW for the glasses/watch and thus can be powered by the energy harvested from ambient light. We also test system's robustness under varying light intensities, light directions, and ambient light fluctuations, where the system maintains high recognition accuracy (> 96%) in all tested settings.
Corrosion probes for fireside monitoring in coal-fired boilers (2005)

Corrosion probes are being developed and combined with an existing measurement technology to provide a tool for assessing the extent of corrosion of metallic materials on the fireside in coal-fired boilers. The successful development of this technology will provide power plant operators the ability to (1) accurately monitor metal loss in critical regions of the boiler, such as waterwalls, superheaters, and reheaters; and (2) use corrosion rates as process variables. In the former, corrosion data could be used to schedule maintenance periods and in the later, processes can be altered to decrease corrosion rates. The research approach involves laboratory research in simulated environments that will lead to field tests of corrosion probes in coal-fired boilers. Laboratory research has already shown that electrochemically-measured corrosion rates for ash-covered metals are similar to actual mass loss corrosion rates. Electrochemical tests conducted using a potentiostat show the corrosion reaction of ash-covered probes at 500?C to be electrochemical in nature. Corrosion rates measured are similar to those from an automated corrosion monitoring system. Tests of corrosion probes made with mild steel, 304L stainless steel (SS), and 316L SS sensors showed that corrosion of the sensors in a very aggressive incinerator ash was controlled by the ash and not by the alloy content. Corrosion rates in nitrogen atmospheres tended to decrease slowly with time. The addition of oxygen-containing gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide to nitrogen caused a more rapid decrease in corrosion rate, while the addition of water vapor increased the corrosion rate.
Steaming of Ginseng at High Temperature Enhances Biological Activity (2000)

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of steaming ginseng at a temperature over 100 degrees C on its chemical constituents and biological activities. Raw ginseng was steamed at 100, 110, and 120 degrees C for 2 h using an autoclave. The ginseng steamed at 120 degrees C was more potent in its ability to induce endothelium-dependent relaxation. Steaming the raw ginseng at 120 degrees C also remarkably increased the radical-scavenging activity. Ginsenosides F(4), Rg(3), and Rg(5), which were not present in raw ginseng, were produced after steaming. Ginsenosides Rg(3) and Rg(5) were the most abundant ginsenosides in the ginseng steamed at 120 degrees C, accounting for 39% and 19% of all ginsenosides, respectively.
Computational intelligence and neuromorphic computing potential for geospatial research and applications (2012)

In today's highly mobile, networked, and interconnected internet world, the flow and volume of information is overwhelming and continuously increasing. Therefore, it is believed that the next frontier in technological evolution and development will rely in our ability to develop intelligent systems that can help us process, analyze, and make-sense of information autonomously just as a well-trained and educated human expert. In computational intelligence, neuromorphic computing promises to allow for the development of computing systems able to imitate natural neuro-biological processes that will form the foundation for intelligent system architectures. This is achieved by artificially re-creating the highly parallelized computing architecture of the mammalian brain. As an interdisciplinary technology inspired from biology, artificial neural systems have been successfully utilized in many applications, such as control systems, signal processing, pattern recognition, vision systems, and robotics etc. In addition, the emerging neuromorphic computing field can also exploit the characteristic behavior of novel material systems with advanced processing techniques to achieve very large scale integration with highly parallel neural architectures for the fabrication physical architectures. This talk will focus on the technological challenges that we are seeking to overcome to enable intelligent parallel neuromorphic computing systems.
Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are spontaneously produced by mucosal B cells of ulcerative colitis patients (1995)

Approximately 60% of sera from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients contains Igs reactive with neutrophil components, raising the question of the origin of these anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCA). Our assertion that ANCA is a marker for a mucosal disease-related immune response predicts the existence of ANCA producing B cell clones in the lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) fraction of UC patients. This hypothesis was tested by examining 12-day culture supernatants of LPL ANCA expression. LPL were isolated from surgically removed mucosa from patients with UC, Crohn's disease (CD), and diverticulitis. Normal mucosa was obtained from accident victims or normal margins of colon cancer resections. Supernatants were assayed by a fixed neutrophil ELISA. The ANCA staining pattern of supernatants expressing ANCA, as determined by ELISA, was assessed by indirect immunofluorescent staining of alcohol-fixed neutrophils. ANCA was found in 70% of culture supernatants from UC LPL fractions. In contrast, only approximately 11% of supernatants from CD and diverticulitis/normal (noninflammatory bowel disease (IBD)) LPL displayed ANCA binding. A perinuclear (pANCA) staining pattern was obtained with 70% of ANCA-expressing UC LPL supernatants, whereas ANCA-expressing CD and non-IBD LPL supernatants displayed a cytoplasmic reaction. PBL and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes lacked spontaneous pANCA production, and pANCA production from PBL was not inducible. These findings indicate the existence of pANCA-producing B cell clones in mucosal lesions of UC patients and support our hypothesis that pANCA production is a consequence of a mucosal immune response specific to UC.
Relay Using Multilayer Piezoelectric Actuator (1985)

This paper describes a quite new type piezoelectric relay of low power consumption and ultra slim shape, using a high efficiency multilayer piezoelectric actuator.
Analytical yield prediction considering leakage/performance correlation (2006)

In addition to traditional constraints on frequency, leakage current has emerged as a stringent constraint in modern processor designs. Since leakage current exhibits a strong inverse correlation with circuit delay, effective parametric yield prediction must consider the dependence of leakage current on frequency. In this paper, a new chip-level statistical method to estimate the total leakage current in the presence of within-die and die-to-die variability is presented. A closed-form equation for total chip leakage that models the dependence of the leakage current distribution on different process parameters is developed. The proposed analytical expression is obtained directly from pertinent design information and includes both subthreshold and gate leakage currents. Using this model, an integrated approach to accurately estimate the yield loss when both frequency and power limits are imposed on a design is then presented. The proposed method demonstrates the importance of considering both these limiting factors while calculating the yield of a lot
Toxic Mercury Reduction and Remediation using a Modified Bacterial Gene in Transgenic Plants (1996)

The use of plants to stabilize, reduce, or detoxify aquatic and terrestrial pollution is known as phytoremediation. We have employed a molecular genetic approach for the development of potentially phytoremediative species using a bacterial gene for ionic mercury detoxification. One gene of the bacterial mercury resistance operon, merA , codes for mercuric ion reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of toxic, ionic mercury to volatile, elemental mercury having far lower toxicity. Early attempts to confer Hg ++ resistance to plants using the wildtype merA gene were unsuccessful. We hypothesized the highly GC-skewed codon usage was ineffective for efficient plant gene expression, and sequence modification would be necessary to confer merA gene activity and ionic mercury resistance in plants. A directed mutagenesis strategy is being used to develop modified merA gene constructs for transformation and analysis in plants species. Transgenic Arabidopsis and yellow-poplar plants having modified merA codon usage display Hg ++ -resistance. Arabidopsis plants with modified merA were observed to evolve ≈4 times the quantity of Hg 0 from aqueous Hg ++ in controlled experiments. In contrast, plants with unaltered merA coding sequences display unstable and inactivated gene expression. Our progress towards further merA modification and transgenic plant development will be reported. Additionally, the theoretical phytoremediative benefits and potential advantages of merA -expressing plant species will be discussed as part of our long-term goals.
Precomputed radiance transfer (2005)

Interactive rendering of realistic objects under general lighting models poses three principal challenges. Handling complex light transport phenomena like shadows, inter-reflections, caustics and sub-surface scattering is difficult to do in real time. Integrating these effects over large area light sources compounds the difficulty, and finally real objects have complex spatially-varying BRDF's. Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) encapsulates a family of techniques that partially addresses these challenges. PRT is an active of area of research that has relevance to both the academic research community and practitioners of interactive computer graphics. This technique and its variants are being actively investigated in the game development community and there is quite a lot of interest due to the recent appearance of PRT techniques in games such as "Halo 2".This course covers these techniques, compares them and discusses their various strengths and weaknesses. A more rigorous derivation directly from the rendering equation is presented along with practical implementation details, both of which are generally not included in technical papers. After introducing the necessary foundation (rendering equation, basis functions, etc.), we begin with simple PRT for diffuse objects. We continue with general PRT using the concept of transfer matrices, which allow for arbitrary reflectance models. The possible choices for basis functions are discussed as well. Different light source representations are presented and compared. Finally, we discuss practical issues with PRT, such as data compression, spatial sampling, normal mapping, precomputation, and more. By the end of the course the audience will be able to pick the right algorithm for their needs and will hopefully have gained some of the unpublished insights the speakers have gained by working in this area.
Bioinspired Reversibly Cross‐linked Hydrogels Comprising Polypeptide Micelles Exhibit Enhanced Mechanical Properties (2015)

Noncovalently cross‐linked networks are attractive hydrogel platforms because of their facile fabrication, dynamic behavior, and biocompatibility. The majority of noncovalently cross‐linked hydrogels, however, exhibits poor mechanical properties, which significantly limit their utility in load bearing applications. To address this limitation, hydrogels are presented composed of micelles created from genetically engineered, amphiphilic, elastin‐like polypeptides that contain a relatively large hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic terminus that can be cross‐linked through metal ion coordination. To create the hydrogels, heat is firstly used to trigger the self‐assembly of the polypeptides into monodisperse micelles that display transition metal coordination motifs on their coronae, and subsequently cross‐link the micelles by adding zinc ions. These hydrogels exhibit hierarchical structure, are stable over a large temperature range, and exhibit tunable stiffness, self‐healing, and fatigue resistance. Gels with polypeptide concentration of 10%, w/v, and higher show storage moduli of ≈1 MPa from frequency sweep tests and exhibit self‐healing within minutes. These reversibly cross‐linked, hierarchical hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties have potential utility in a variety of biomedical applications.