gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of terbutaline and placebo from a pressurised metered dose inhaler and a dry powder inhaler in a subgroup of patients with asthma. (1994)

Additives of MDIs may cause bronchoconstriction in some patients with asthma. In these patients inhalation from a pressurised metered dose inhaler is more likely to decrease the bronchodilator response than inhalation from an additive-free inhaler. The frequency of this phenomenon is unknown.
A new channel-doping technique for high-voltage depletion-mode power MOSFET's (1986)

A new channel-doping technique for high-voltage depletion-mode double-diffused MOSFET (DMOSFET) is demonstrated. The technique that is used is channel doping performed at the surface of the laterally diffused body region in a self-aligned manner. Decrease of the breakdown voltage due to decrease of the threshold voltage is successfully prevented by using the new technique. A 1050-V DMOSFET was experimentally fabricated with a negative threshold voltage of -2 V.
Compressed sensing for DOA estimation with fewer receivers than sensors (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using fewer receivers than sensors. Inspired by the Compressed Sensing (CS) theory developed in recent years, we present a new preprocessing scheme for a large array using a small size receiver. Unlike the traditional ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -norm-based algorithms by judicious selection of the preprocessing matrix, the proposed scheme uses a random weight generator as a measurement of the compressed sensing to form the output data for each time interval. The formulated CS problem for DOA estimation is then solved based on the convex programming via ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm approximation such as Dantzig Selector. We consider two different scenarios in the CS domain, i.e., the angle domain and the angle-frequency domain. It is shown that the number of receivers can be reduced significantly for a given number of sensors by using the proposed CS-based DOA estimation approach.
Diatom assemblages and Holocene sea level changes at the Tamatsu site in Kobe, western Japan. (1983)

Diatom assemblages were analysed to clarify the changes in sedimentary environments caused by the Holocene sea level changes, and the results were cross-checked with information from the field observations of sedimentary facies. Diatoms were grouped into three ecological categories; marine, brackish and freshwater. Based on the ecological spectrum of the diatoms, the sediments were divided into five diatom zones as follows: (1) Freshwater diatom zone 1 (FD-1) is dominated by freshwater diatoms. (2) Transitional zone 1 (Tr-1), where a brackish species begins to appear and freshwater diatoms are replaced by marine ones as the dominant. This zone indicates when the sea penetrated into this site at the beginning of the Holocene transgression. (3) Marine diatom zone (MD) is dominated by marine diatoms. This zone is subdivided into three subzones on the basis of the dominant species; a) Subzone MD-a is characterized by Nitzschia granulata and Diploneis pseudovalis. b) Subzone MD-b is dominated by Melosira sulcata and Cyclotella stylorum. c) Subzone MD-c is dominated by Cocconeis scutellum, Cyclotella striata, and Nitzschia lanceolata. Typical planktonic species, Thalassionema nitzschioides and Thalassiosira spp., also occur with low frequencies. This subzone contains the Akahoya tephra intercalary at a horizon of -1.3m and is considered to coincide with the culmination of the Holocene transgression. (4) Transitional zone 2 (Tr-2) is subdivided into two subzones; the subzone Tr-2a is dominated by the brackish species Terpsinoe americana, and the subzone Tr-2b is dominated by freshwater diatoms, intermixed with two marine species, Nitzschia granulata and Cyclotella stylorum. (5) Freshwater diatom zone 2 (FD-2) is characterized by the aerophilous species.In this study, the environmental changes caused by the Holocene sea level changes were clearly reflected in diatom assemblages. The replacement of freshwater diatoms by marine ones in the zone Tr-1 was so remarkable that we could easily trace the beginning of the transgression. At this site, the horizon indicating the beginning of the transgression based on the diatom assemblages precedes that based on macrofossil records by about 2m. The upper limit of marine deposits based on the diatom assemblages is indicated by Terpsinoe americana, the dominant species of subzone Tr-2a, and agrees with information from the field observations of sedimentary facies.
Lymphoedema of the Lower Extremities After Surgery and Radiotherapy for Cancer of the Cervix (1994)

Fifty-four women were examined to find out the incidence of lymphoedema after treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix. The women had all had total hysterectomy and excision of the pelvic lymph nodes and 53 had also received radiotherapy. The character and severity of problems experienced by the patients in their daily living were assessed by an interview. Twenty-two of the patients (41%) had a unilateral increase in volume of 5% or more in one leg compared with 15 healthy controls in whom the difference between limbs did not exceed 4%. Of the 54 patients 15 (28%) had a slight swelling (> 5% volume increase); 3 (6%) had moderate swelling (> 10% volume increase); and 4 (7%) had severe swelling (> 15% volume increase), which was interpreted as treatment-induced lymphoedema. Twelve (22%) of the patients had lymphoedema that was severe enough to cause symptoms.
FENOMENA COPYCAT SUICIDES DAN PERAN PEMBERITAAN MEDIA MASSA YANG BERLEBIHAN TERINSPIRASI DARI SURAH AN-NISA AYAT 29 (2022)

Seorang selebritas atau public figure memiliki pendukung massa yang besar. Pemberitaan terkait selebritas akan menjadi topik yang ditunggu publik ketika isu-isu mengenainya muncul dipermukaan. Seperti halnya saat seorang selebritas diberitakan melakukan aksi bunuh diri, dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan salah satunya adalah efek werther atau dikenal copycat suicide yaitu fenomena bunuh diri yang dilakukan seseorang akibat pengaruh dari tayangan media yang berlebihan. Bunuh diri menempati urutan ke 15 penyebab kasus kematian global. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya copycat suicide setelah pemberitaan kematian seseorang melalui pemaafan diri sendiri dalam pandangan islam. Dengan harapan dapat memberikan kontribusi keilmuan mengenai penyebab terpicunya copycat suicide setelah kematian public figure diakibatkan keputusaan dan menyalahkan diri sendiri. Pemaafan merupakan suatu proses menghapus luka atau bekas-bekas luka dalam hati yang merupakan kesediaan diri dalam mengelola emosi, serta senantiasa menyadarkan diri jika rahmat dan kasih sayang Allah Ta’ala memaafkan hambanya lebih besar dari murkanya. Kata kunci: Bunuh Diri, Media Massa, Pemaafan
Ultrafast submicron thermal characterization of integrated circuits (2012)

Static and dynamic hot spots limit the performance and reliability of electronic devices and ICs. We show that transient thermoreflectance imaging using a CCD camera can measure temperature distribution in chips with 0.1°C temperature, 100 nanosecond time, and submicron spatial resolution. It is possible to measure the temperature on metal interconnects in wire-bonded chips and, with through-the-substrate infrared illumination, at the transistor level in flip-chip packages. Recent results in transient thermal imaging of GaN transistors, ESD protection devices, solar cells, and LEDs are presented. We show it is possible to identify non-uniform temperature rise and defects in 200 to 300 nm interconnect vias that have been stressed at high temperatures. Power blurring techniques can be used to obtain transient temperature profiles in packaged IC chips with a calculation time orders of magnitude faster than finite element analysis. The technique is well suited to solve the inverse problem and extract the power dissipation profile from the measured thermal map.
Sensitivity to ethanol in inbred mice: Genotypic correlations among several behavioral responses. (1983)

The sensitivity of several inbred strains of mice was assessed for ethanol's effects on activity, body temperature, ataxia, balance, and the righting reflex. Genotypic correlations among the mean responses for the strains were estimated as indexes of pleiotropic influences of genes on drug responses. Three major groups of genetic influence were detected: (a) hypothermic sensitivity to ethanol, (b) activity change (increase after ethanol), and (c) high basal activity. In the first group of variables, strains that had large reductions in body temperature after being given ethanol had high baseline temperatures, pronounced ataxic response to ethanol, and a long-lasting loss of righting reflex. Home cage baseline activity was negatively correlated with body temperature variables. The second group of variables was composed largely of ethanol-induced increases and decreases in activity, which were negatively intercorrelated. Strains with larger increases in activity showed more rapid loss of balance after ethanol. The third group of variables indicated that high levels of basal activity in an open field and in the home cage were determined by the action of common genes. Strains with higher basal activity levels had reduced sensitivity to ambulatory ataxia following ethanol. Thus, there were substantial pleiotropic effects of common genes on several behavioral responses to ethanol in inbred mice. Conversely, the three major groups were not systematically correlated with one another to a major extent. This suggests the influence of three reasonably distinct sets of genes on these responses to ethanol.
Possibility portfolio selection (2002)

This paper deals with an exponential possibility distribution and its application to portfolio selection problems. The proposed method for possibility portfolio selection is based on a possibility distribution whereas conventional portfolio selection is based on a probability distribution. Since a possibility distribution depends on importance grades of data given by an expert, possibility portfolio selection can reflect the characteristics of expert judgement on importance grades. In order to compare a possibility portfolio model with a fuzzy one, a fuzzy portfolio model is formulated by the concept of the fuzzy probability, which is similar to Markowitz's model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis and interpretation of loop gains of multiloop-controlled switching regulators (power supply circuits) (1988)

Two different loop gains of power supplies with current-mode control are considered. Relationships between the different loop gains of the multiloop system and the closed-loop measures of output impedance and audio susceptibility are derived. It is shown that different loop gains can be used to obtain information about relative stability and to enhance a poor design. Different implementations of current-mode control are discussed, and the most common problem encountered in practical circuit applications is shown. This problem is connected with the fact that, for high-power applications, the DC portion of the waveform is much larger than the ramp.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relative Photometric Measurements of Retinal Circulation (Dromofluorograms) (1977)

Television fluoroangiography is used in order to obtain fluorescein dilution curves (dromofluorograms [From the Greek word: epsilon rho omicron mu omicron, which means flowing. We coined this word because dilution curves do not afford a true measurement of the blood circulation, or simply of a dilution, but of the fluorescein transport in the circulation!] from single retinal vessels. An optical fiber conveys the light from a single retinal artery, vein, or any other retinal area on the video screen to a photomultiplier. After low-pass electronic filtration, the dilution curves are recorded on a strip-chart recorder. The measurements considered are all related to time: the time interval between initial instants of the arterial and venous curve; the time interval between maximum instants; the arterial and venous curve rising times. It is seen that (1) the method is sensitive enough to enable variations in the quantities in pathologic cases to be detected; (2) owing to the great variability from part to part of the vessels, it is important to specify where the retinal dromofluorogram has been recorded.
Neuroendocrine changes in sleep apnea (2004)

It is important to consider the potential development of sleep apnea in any patient who has an endocrine disorder or is receiving certain hormonal therapies. Effective assessment and management of obstructive sleep apnea with nasal continuous positive airway pressure may lead to a reduction in insulin resistance and hypertension as well as other markers of vascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Protein kinase C in rat brain cortex and hippocampus: effect of repeated administration of fluoxetine and desipramine (1995)

1. Recent evidence indicates that changes in the activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase may be involved in neuroadaptive mechanisms after chronic treatment with antidepressants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated administration of fluoxetine (FL) and desipramine (DMI) on the distribution and activity of protein kinase C (PKC) in subcellular fractions of rat cortex (Cx) and hippocampus (Hc) under basal conditions and in response to a single in vivo administration of 5-HT2A/2C agonist, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI). 2. Rats were treated for 21 days with FL (5 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p.) or DMI (10 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p.). DOI was injected to groups of rats receiving repeated doses of antidepressants or to control rats 1 h before ex vivo PKC assay. Distribution of PKC was determined by [3H]-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]-PDBu) binding and PKC activity by the Amersham enzyme assay system. 3. Autoradiography of tissue sections revealed decreased [3H]-PDBu binding in CA1 region of hippocampus (by 18%) and paraventricular thalamic nucleus (by 28%) of rats after repeated administration of FL. 4. In vitro exposure of brain sections to 50 microM FL resulted in significant decreases (by 23-32%) of [3H]-PDBu binding in six out of seven regions examined; exposure to 100 microM FL reduced [3H]-PDBu binding (by 36-52%) in all regions. In contrast, exposure of brain sections to 100 microM DMI failed to alter specific [3H]-PDBu binding in brain sections. 5. The activity of PKC in subcellular fractions of Cx and Hc was significantly (by 40-50%) decreased in rats given repeated doses of FL or DMI. A single administration of either drug was without effect.6. A single in vivo administration of DOI to control rats resulted in reduced PKC activity (by 30-40%)in the particulate fraction of both Cx and Hc. This response to DOI was similar in DMI-treated rats but was not seen in rats given repeated doses of FL. A single administration of DOI to animals given repeated doses of FL resulted in PKC activities higher than those seen in rats treated with FL alone.7. The results indicate that repeated administration of FL and DMI produced similar changes in basal PKC activity but differentially affected the PKC response to the 5-HT2A/2c receptor agonist, DOI. The effect on basal PKC activity may result from a post-receptor action of antidepressants; the alteration of PKC response to DOI after fluoxetine could be due to receptor-mediated desensitization of the signalling system.
TearLab<sup>®</sup>Osmolarity System for diagnosing dry eye (2013)

Dry eye (DE) disease is an impairment of the lachrymal unit function and one the most frequent eye problems. A major challenge is to find accurate diagnostic criteria to be able to define DE severity, as symptoms poorly correlate with clinical signs. Tear osmolarity is considered a key factor in DE onset and perpetuation; its measurement is now possible in clinical setting by an innovative electrical impedance-based lab-on-a-chip technology. This article outlines the features of DE disease and the limitations of current clinical tests. The role of tear osmolarity in DE etiopathogenesis is surveyed, and the pitfalls in measurement are discussed. Diagnostic performance, accuracy and clinical applications of the technology in focus are critically reviewed. The instrument offers the possibility to measure tear osmolarity in a rapid and reliable way in daily practice. As scientific evidence grows, it is expected in the future that it will represent an objective indicator of ocular surface health in the management of DE disease and in clinical trials.
Transfer of Chirality in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition of 3‐Acyloxy‐1,4‐enynes (ACEs) and Alkynes: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Bicyclo[5.3.0]decatrienes (2013)

Chiral bicycles: Enantioenriched bicyclo[5.3.0]decatrienes were prepared from readily available chiral 3-acyloxy-1,4-enynes (ACEs) for the first time. In most cases, the chirality of the ACEs could be transferred to the bicyclic products with high efficiency. Inversion of the configuration was observed, thus confirming the predictions of previous computational studies.
Depression, comorbidities and the TNF-α system (2008)

Depression has frequently been reported to be associated with other physical diseases and changes in the cytokine system. We aimed to investigate associations between a medical history of depression, its comorbidities and cytokine plasma levels in the Bavarian Nutrition Survey II (BVS II) study sample and in patients suffering from an acute depressive episode. The BVS II is a representative study of the Bavarian population aged 13-80years. The disease history of its 1050 participants was assessed through face-to-face interviews. A sub-sample of 568 subjects and 62 additional acutely depressed inpatients of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry participated in anthropometric measurements and blood sampling. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble TNF receptor (sTNF-R) p55 and sTNF-R p75 plasma levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A history of depression was associated with a higher incidence of high blood pressure, peptic ulcer, dyslipoproteinemia, osteoporosis, allergic skin rash, atopic eczema and thyroid disease. Within the BVS II sample, participants with a history of depression differed from subjects who had never had depression with regard to sTNF-R p55 and sTNF-R p75 levels even when controlling for age, BMI and smoking status. Acutely depressed inpatients showed even higher levels of sTNF-R p55 and sTNF-R p75 than subjects in the normal population. TNF-alpha levels were also significantly elevated in acutely depressed patients. These results confirm earlier studies regarding the comorbidities of depression and support the hypothesis that activation of the TNF-alpha system may contribute to the development of a depressive disorder.
Design and implement of independent position confirming and correcting system (2018)

The position confirming and correcting systems are being designed and built more and more in industries like automotive in assembly lines, flexible assembly lines using automation control for moving and position control systems, packaging systems, warehouse systems, robotic arms, environments difficult or not efficient for a human operator to work in.
A high-throughput screen for inhibitors of the prolyl isomerase, Pin1, identifies a seaweed polyphenol that reduces adipose cell differentiation (2014)

The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 enhances the uptake of triglycerides and the differentiation of fibroblasts into adipose cells in response to insulin stimulation. Pin1 downregulation could be a potential approach to prevent and treat obesity-related disorders. In order to identify an inhibitor of Pin1 that exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, we established a high-throughput screen for Pin1 inhibitors and used this method to identify an inhibitor from 1,056 crude fractions of two natural product libraries. The candidate, a phlorotannin called 974-B, was isolated from the seaweed, Ecklonia kurome. 974-B inhibited the differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and 3T3-L1 cells into adipose cells without inducing cytotoxicity. We discovered the Pin1 inhibitor, 974-B, from the seaweed, E. kurome, and showed that it blocks the differentiation of fibroblasts into adipose cells, suggesting that 974-B could be a lead drug candidate for obesity-related disorders.
Modeling the Relationship between Heart Rate and Features of Vocal Frequency (2015)

Heart rate (HR) is an informative index to assess one's physical condition from the viewpoint of preventive healthcare; it is beneficial if information of HR can easily be obtained without a particular clinical instrument. In this research, voice data was used to estimate HR, because it can easily be recorded using a common device such as smartphone. To evaluate the feasibility of HR estimation using recorded voice, experiments were conducted with two subjects. In the experiment, 60 sets of HRs and voice data were measured per subject. A correlation between HR and the vocal frequency was observed, and the feasibility of HR estimation using voice data was confirmed. The relationship between HR and voice data was modeled using a polynomial function of vocal frequency. Using the proposed model, HR could be estimated with high correlation coefficients and small estimation errors.
Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Endocrine Disruptors in Water: Implications for the Water Industry (2003)

For over 70 years, scientists have reported that certain synthetic and natural compounds could mimic natural hormones in the endocrine systems of animals. These substances are now collectively known as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), and have been linked to a variety of adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. More recently, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been discovered in various surface and ground waters, some of which have been linked to ecological impacts at trace concentrations. The majority of EDCs and PPCPs are more polar than traditional contaminants and several have acidic or basic functional groups. These properties, coupled with occurrence at trace levels (i.e., <1 μg/L), create unique challenges for both removal processes and analytical detection. Reports of EDCs and PPCPs in water have raised substantial concern among the public and regulatory agencies; however, very little is known about the fate of these compounds during drinking and wastewater treatment. Numerous studies have shown that conventional drinking and wastewater treatment plants can not completely remove many EDCs and PPCPs. Oxidation with chlorine and ozone can result in transformation of some compounds with reactive functional groups under the conditions employed in water and wastewater treatment plants. Advanced treatment technologies, such as activated carbon and reverse osmosis, appear viable for the removal of many trace contaminants including EDCs and PPCPs. Future research needs include more detailed fate and transport data, standardized analytical methodology, predictive models, removal kinetics, and determination of the toxicological relevance of trace levels of EDCs and PPCPs in water.