gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Truly Random Number Generator Based on a Pulse-Excited Cross-Coupled Chaotic Oscillator (2011)

A non-autonomous cross-coupled chaotic circuit is presented with its derivation mechanism. To guarantee robust chaotic behavior of the circuit against parameter variations, an ideal set of parameters is determined by constructing bifurcation diagrams. A truly random number generator (TRNG), which relies on generating non-invertible binary sequences according to regional distributions of underlying chaotic signal, is also introduced. Simulation and experimental results verifying the feasibility of the circuit are given. The proposed TRNG offers much higher and constant throughput rates, allows for offset compensation and fulfills the NIST-800-22 statistical test suite without further post-processing.
High pressure hollow electrode discharges (2002)

Summary form only given. Reduction of the cathode hole diameter into the submillimeter range has allowed us to extend the pressure range for hollow electrode discharge operation to values on the order of 50 Torr. In recent experiments with cathode holes of 0.2 mm diameter we obtained stable glow discharge operation up to approximately 900 Torr in argon. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of these discharges (with currents ranging from the ten's of /spl mu/A to ten mA) show three distinct discharge modes: at low current, a discharge with positive differential resistivity, followed by a range with strong increase in current and reduction in voltage, and, at high current, again a resistive discharge mode. The resistive characteristic of high pressure hollow electrode discharges over a large range of current allows us to generate arrays of these discharges for use as flat panel, direct current, excimer lamps.
The Flow of Liquids in Surface Grooves (1996)

We have obtained detailed capillary kinetic data for flow of a series of alcohols with various surface tension to viscosity ratios, γ/μ, spreading in open V-shaped grooves cut in Cu with three different groove angles. The location of the three-phase contact line, z, with time always follows the formula z2 = K(α,θ)[γh0/μ]t where α is related to the included groove angle β (α = 90 − β/2), θ is the contact angle, and h0 is the groove depth. Two theoretical models which assume Poiseuille flow and static advancing contact angles were tested against the experimental data. One is a detailed hydrodynamic model with the basic driving force resulting from the pressure drop across a curved interface. The second depends on the total interfacial energy change, independent of the shape of the liquid interface. Both agree with the experimental data. In agreement with experiment, both models predict that the rate approaches zero as α → θ, and both require α − θ > 0. Both, including a physically unrealistic approximation by a cylindrical capillary, correctly scale the experimental data. Both predict numerical values in general agreement with experiment and with each other. Differentiation between the models is possible only in the K(α,θ) term which is shown to be only weakly dependent on the range of α,θ values studied. In the threshold region where the transition occurs between filled and empty regions of the groove, the liquid height decreases linearly with distance, within experimental limitations, and forms an angle which roughly scales as the contact angle for a significant fraction of the threshold region. On the basis of the present detailed experimental data for both kinetics and threshold profile, the differences between experiment and theory and between the theoretical models are insufficient to allow a clear choice between the models.
A New Ultrasonic Inspection Technique for Flaw Depth Sizing Based on Short Path of Diffraction (2007)

This paper describes a new tip diffraction technique, short path of diffraction (SPOD), for accurate depth sizing of flaws on the surface opposite to the inspection surface in which a set of an angle beam and a longitudinal 0-degree transducers is used as a transmitter and a receiver. In this technique, flaw depth is just calculated from the time difference between two echoes of a longitudinal diffracted wave at the tip of a flaw, which arises after an incident wave from the angle beam transducer impinges on the flaw. One echo is related to a wave traveling directly from the tip to the receiver, and the other is a wave which is reflected at the back wall and subsequently travels to the receiver. The two echoes are detected by the longitudinal 0-degree transducer located right above the flaw. Incident angles and incident points have no effect on determining flaw depth in this technique, therefore, more accurate and efficient flaw sizing becomes possible for the proposed technique. The new technique will be demonstrated by applying to depth sizing of slits and stress corrosion cracks which are machined into welded specimens made from austenitic stainless steel.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) diagnostics: Interpretation and limitations (2002)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been a major pathogen associated with swine disease. Attempts to control and better understand this disease have led to the extensive implementation of diagnostic assays. Techniques commonly used include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect fluorescent antibody, serum neutralization, polymerase chain reaction, and nucleotide sequencing. These assays provide information about the PRRSV status of an animal or herd, but if not interpreted correctly, erroneous conclusions may be drawn and inappropriate decisions made in attempts to control PRRSV. Factors such as laboratory variation, reagents used in the assay, protocol variation, and technical limitations should all be considered when interpreting diagnostic results. The diagnostic assays based on nucleotide sequence also appear to be greatly misunderstood in the industry and do not provide insight into either PRRSV isolate virulence or vaccine selection. This manuscript attempts to review general diagnostic assay principles, provide insight into assay limitations, and provide recommendations on proper use of assays and interpretation of results.
Quantitative computer-aided analysis of lung texture in chest radiographs. (1990)

The authors describe a computerized method to quantify and characterize interstitial diseases by using physical texture measures obtained from an analysis of the power spectrum of lung textures in digital chest radiographs. They compared these texture measures obtained from standard radiographs from the International Labour Office (ILO) classification scheme and the ILO classification categories for small opacities in pneumoconioses. Their preliminary results indicate that texture measures obtained from this computer analysis of the ILO standard radiographs correspond closely with the ILO classification categories.
Tandem Oligonucleotide Synthesis on Solid-Phase Supports for the Production of Multiple Oligonucleotides (2002)

More than one oligonucleotide can be synthesized at a time by linking multiple oligonucleotides end-to-end in a tandem manner on the surface of a solid-phase support. The 5'-terminal hydroxyl position of one oligonucleotide serves as the starting point for the next oligonucleotide synthesis. The two oligonucleotides are linked via a cleavable 3'-O-hydroquinone-O,O'-diacetic acid linker arm (Q-linker). The Q-linker is rapidly and efficiently coupled to the 5'-OH position of immobilized oligonucleotides using HATU, HBTU, or HCTU in the presence of 1 equiv of DMAP. This protocol avoids introduction of phosphate linkages on either the 3'- or 5'-end of oligonucleotides. A single NH(4)OH cleavage step can simultaneously release the products from the surface of the support and each other to produce free 5'- and 3'-hydroxyl termini. Selective cleavage of one oligonucleotide out of two sequences has also been accomplished via a combination of succinyl and Q-linker linker arms. Tandem synthesis of multiple oligonucleotides is useful for producing sets of primers for PCR, DNA sequencing, and other diagnostic applications as well as double-stranded oligonucleotides. Tandem synthesis of the same sequence multiple times increases the yield of material from any single synthesis column for maximum economy in large-scale synthesis. This method can also be combined with reusable solid-phase supports to further reduce the cost of oligonucleotide production.
Frequency Doubling Technology Perimetry for Detection of Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma: A Pointwise Linear Regression Analysis (2014)

With a faster rate of change of visual sensitivity, FDTP detected more progressing eyes than SAP at a comparable level of specificity. Frequency doubling technology perimetry can provide a useful alternative to monitor glaucoma progression.
Linewidth-narrowing mechanism in lasers by nonlinear wave mixing (1994)

We propose a linewidth-narrowing mechanism in lasers by nonlinear absorptive wave mixing of the counterpropagating beams in the cavity. We give a theoretical analysis and report on a demonstration of the effect with an erbium-doped fiber laser. The system also exhibits bistability in the dependence of the oscillation intensity versus pump power.
Metathesis Depolymerization for Removable Surfactant Templates (2005)

Current methodologies for the production of meso- and nanoporous materials include the use of a surfactant to produce a self-assembled template around which the material is formed. However, post-production surfactant removal often requires centrifugation, calcination, and/or solvent washing which can damage the initially formed material architecture(s). Surfactants that can be disassembled into easily removable fragments following material preparation would minimize processing damage to the material structure, facilitating formation of templated hybrid architectures. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of novel cationic and anionic surfactants with regularly spaced unsaturation in their hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails and the first application of ring closing metathesis depolymerization to surfactant degradation resulting in the mild, facile decomposition of these new compounds to produce relatively volatile nonsurface active remnants.
Pattern and polarization reconfigurable CRLH leaky wave antenna (2010)

Composite Right Left Handed (CRLH) structures have recently been used to design leaky wave antennas (LWAs) that allow for continuous beam steering from endfire to backfire. In this paper we propose a novel reconfigurable LWA that takes advantage of the CRLH properties to achieve dynamic pattern and polarization reconfigurability. The antenna radiation beam can be steered from endfire to backfire while tuning the polarization of the radiated field from circular to linear by means of variable phase shifters. The antenna has frequency dependent beam scanning capabilities, however by properly loading the LWA with variable capacitors a frequency independent beam scanning behaviour is achieved. Simulated radiation patterns show that the proposed antenna design exhibits similar gain for all its configurations.
Reviews Of Acoustical Patents (2010)

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Printed copies of United States Patents may be ordered at $3.00 each from the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Washington, DC 20231. Patents are available via the Internet at http://www.uspto.gov.
Suppressed Crosstalk between Two-Junction Superconducting Qubits with Mode-Selective Exchange Coupling (2021)

Fixed-frequency qubits can suffer from always-on interactions that inhibit independent control. Here, we address this issue by experimentally demonstrating a superconducting architecture using qubits that comprise of two capacitively shunted Josephson junctions connected in series. Historically known as tunable coupling qubits (TCQs), such two-junction qubits support two modes with distinct frequencies and spatial symmetries. By selectively coupling only one type of mode and using the other as our computational basis, we greatly suppress crosstalk between the data modes while permitting all-microwave two-qubit gates.
Sensitive and simple methods for determination of L-lysine with L-lysine .ALPHA.-oxidase. (1979)

L-Lysine could be determined satisfactorily with a new fungal enzyme, L-lysine α-oxidase (EC 1. 4. 3). The method consists of the oxidative deamination of L-lysine with L-lysine α-oxidase and the spectrophotometric determination of one of the reaction products: α-keto-ε- aminocaproate, its intramolecular dehydrated form, Δ1-piperideine-2-carboxylate or hydrogen peroxide. The method on the basis of the color reaction of hydrogen peroxide formed from L-lysine with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in the presence of peroxidase was most sensitive and simple. The method could be used for the direct assay of L-lysine levels in serums from several animals without pretreatments.
In vivo labeling of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in brain with [3H]epibatidine (1995)

In vivo imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in brain has been hampered by lack of an adequate radioligand. In the present study, [3H]epibatidine was administered to mice intravenously, and its time-course in brain regions and sensitivity to blockade by nicotinic drugs were studied. The distribution of radioligand accumulation in brain, and the pharmacological characteristics of binding indicate that radiolabeled forms of epibatidine would be exceptionally promising ligands for the study of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vivo.
A Data-Bearing Approach for Pilot-Aiding in Space-Time Coded MIMO Systems (2006)

This paper presents a novel technique for pilot-based channel estimation and data detection by exploiting a null-space property and an orthogonality property of the data bearer and pilot matrices. The data and pilot extraction procedures can be done independently by a simple linear transformation exploiting the null-space property. The maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver employed for data detection and the unconstrained-ML estimator employed for channel estimation can be designed separately by using the orthogonality property. In addition, the linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) channel estimator is also proposed to improve the performance of channel estimation. The simulation results show that, among three data bearer and pilot structures including time-multiplexing (TM)-based, ST-block-code (STBC)-based, and code-multiplexing (CM)-based structures, the CM-based structure shows superior performance over the TM-based and the STBC-based structures in term of the probability of detection error, e.g. BER, for nonquasi-static flat Rayleigh fading channels, while the performances of these three structures are quite close for quasi-static flat Rayleigh fading channels.
Near-infrared laser operation of Cr^3+ centers in chromium-doped LiInGeO_4 and LiScGeO_4 crystals (2005)

Laser action has been demonstrated in two new tunable Cr3+-doped crystals. Absorption, emission, and excitation measurements for various crystal orientations have been performed for chromium-doped LiInGeO4 and LiScGeO4 single crystals. From the spectroscopic measurements, two optical active centers were identified: tetrahedrally coordinated Cr4+ and octahedrally coordinated Cr3+. Gain-switched, tunable laser operation of Cr3+ centers has been demonstrated in both crystals. An ultrawide tuning range from 1150 to 1480 nm for LiInGeO4 and 1220-1380 nm for LiScGeO4 has been achieved. To our knowledge this is the widest bandwidth and the most near-infrared shifted wavelength range for lasing ever demonstrated for Cr3+ ions.
Synthesis and characterization of a recombinant fragment of human α-fetoprotein with antigenic selectivity versus albumin (1989)

A DNA sequence coding for human alpha-fetoprotein amino acid sequence 38-119 was synthesized and cloned in a bacterial expression vector. The alpha-fetoprotein sequence was selected as the least homologous to albumin, since the two proteins have an overall amino acid identity of approximately 38%. A chimeric protein was obtained which was purified by preparative electrophoresis and characterized in its primary structure by fast atom bombardment mass spectometry. About 70% of the alpha-fetoprotein sequence was physically mapped and found to correspond to the amino acids encoded in the synthetic gene. The use of this recombinant protein allowed the selection of monoclonal antibodies recognizing both the recombinant fragment and native alpha-fetoprotein. These antibodies should allow the development of an immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein with absolute selectivity versus albumin. This might result in more sensitive clinical determinations, avoiding the possibility of cross-reactions.
Suppression of Boron Penetration in BF<sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup>-Implanted Poly-Si Gate (1996)

In this paper, a comprehensive study of gate engineering to suppress the penetration of boron in p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with the p + -poly-Si-gate is reported. Four types of poly-Si gate structure, two types of gate dielectrics were investigated to suppress the boron penetration. Among the different gate structures, the stacked amorphous silicon structure was found to be the most effective way to retard the boron penetration. N 2 O oxide exhibited a better retarding of the boron diffusion as compared with the O 2 oxide. It was found that a combination of stacked amorphous silicon with N 2 O oxide is the most effective way to suppress the boron penetration. Thermal stability, oxide integrity, and D it of this sample are superior to all the other samples.
Learning Differentially Private Recurrent Language Models (2017)

We demonstrate that it is possible to train large recurrent language models with user-level differential privacy guarantees with only a negligible cost in predictive accuracy. Our work builds on recent advances in the training of deep networks on user-partitioned data and privacy accounting for stochastic gradient descent. In particular, we add user-level privacy protection to the federated averaging algorithm, which makes "large step" updates from user-level data. Our work demonstrates that given a dataset with a sufficiently large number of users (a requirement easily met by even small internet-scale datasets), achieving differential privacy comes at the cost of increased computation, rather than in decreased utility as in most prior work. We find that our private LSTM language models are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to un-noised models when trained on a large dataset.
Short Synthetic α‐Helical‐Forming Peptide Amphiphiles for Fungal Keratitis Treatment In Vivo (2017)

The emergence of fungal keratitis is on the rise globally. However, current antifungal therapeutics are ineffective in severe keratomycosis. Previously reported α-helical peptides comprising 8-14 amino acids demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Here, α-helical peptides of the optimized sequences are investigated for antifungal biofilm in vitro and in vivo using a fungal biofilm-caused mouse keratitis model. The peptides with the optimal composition demonstrate higher α-helical propensity and improve antifungal activity in dispersing Candida albicans biofilm in vitro. Moreover, the optimized α-helical peptides are not only effective in treating C. albicans biofilm-induced keratitis in mice, they are also nontoxic to the mice eyes. These peptides have the potential to be developed as antifungal agents for the treatment of C. albicans biofilm-caused keratitis.
Magneto-Optic LAN Bypass Switch (1990)

Magneto-optic garnets are efficient Faraday rotators at 1300nm and are thus of interest as the basis for a non-mechanical bypass switch. Recent improvements in bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet (BRIG) technology have removed limitations which made garnets less than ideal for use in multimode fiber systems such as LAN's. We report recent progress in our laboratory to increase Faraday rotation, lower optical absorption, and to decrease magnetic drive field in BRIG garnets. These improvements allow a simple implementation of an optical bypass switch suitable for multimode use. We report test results from a switch which incorporates features which reduce parts count and simplify magnet design. The results include insertion loss of 2.47dB and crosstalk of -23dB. The switch uses a single garnet and is amenable to a single beamsplitter implementation.
Conservation of amino acid sequence of VP8 and cleavage region of 84-kDa outer capsid protein among rotaviruses recovered from asymptomatic neonatal infection. (1986)

Within the past few years, rotavirus strains were recovered from four discrete prolonged outbreaks of infection in newborn nurseries in which affected infants failed to develop significant symptoms. The virus strains recovered from each outbreak belonged to a different human rotavirus serotype and thus each of the four human rotavirus serotypes was associated with asymptomatic infection of neonates. Marked conservation of sequence was observed among the fourth genes of the nursery rotavirus strains in a previous study using RNA X RNA hybridization, while a different conserved set of fourth gene sequences was identified among virulent human rotaviruses representing the four known serotypes. In the present study, this sequence dimorphism was further evaluated by comparing the sequence of the region of the fourth gene of virulent and asymptomatic human rotaviruses that codes for the VP8 protein, downstream cleavage sites, and the NH2 terminus of VP5. The corresponding sequences of a simian rotavirus were also determined. The fourth segment (+) strand RNA has a 5' conserved nontranslated sequence of nine nucleotides and encodes a VP8 protein of 240 amino acids in human rotavirus strains and 241 amino acids in simian rotavirus strains. Human and simian rotaviruses exhibit many similarities in this region of their genome, including identical NH2-terminal amino acid sequences, conservation of arginine at the two trypsin cleavage sites, and the position of a cysteine residue. Alignment of amino acid sequences of the VP8 protein, the downstream cleavage region, and the NH2 terminus of VP5 of asymptomatic and virulent human rotavirus strains indicates a high degree of homology (96% or more) among the asymptomatic viruses (serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4), while homology between asymptomatic strains and virulent viruses is considerably less (68-72%). A high degree of conservation of amino acid sequence (92-97%) is also observed among three of the virulent strains (serotypes 1, 3, and 4). At 48 positions in the protein sequence of VP8, the cleavage region, and the NH2 terminus of VP5, an amino acid is conserved among asymptomatic rotaviruses, while a different amino acid is conserved among virulent rotaviruses. Notably, three of these differences are located within the cleavage region between VP8 and VP5. These findings suggest that the fourth genes of virulent and asymptomatic human rotavirus strains represent two lines of divergent evolution from a common ancestor. Also, it is possible that this sequence dimorphism may be responsible in part for the difference in virulence between these two groups of human rotaviruses.