gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Interaction of Pepsin with Ionic Liquids by Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2013)

The molecular mechanism of the interaction between pepsin and two typical ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim]Cl), was investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopy at a pH value of 1.6. The results suggest that ILs could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of pepsin, probably via a dynamic quenching mechanism. The fluorescence quenching constants were determined by employing the classic Stern-Volmer equation. The constant values are very small, indicating that only a very weak interaction between ILs and pepsin exists. The Gibbs free-energy change, enthalpy change (ΔH), and entropy change (ΔS) during the interaction of pepsin and ILs were estimated. Positive values of ΔH and ΔS indicate that the interaction between ILs and pepsin is mainly driven by hydrophobic interaction. Synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra demonstrate that the addition of ILs (0-0.20 mol L(-1) for each IL) does not bring apparent changes to the microenvironments of tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Activity experiments show that the activity of pepsin is concentration dependent; higher concentrations of ILs (>0.22 mol L(-1) for [C8mim]Cl and >0.30 mol L(-1) for [C4mim]Cl) cause the remarkable reduction of enzyme activity. The presence of ILs also does not improve the thermal stability of pepsin.
Growth of the cyanobacterium Anabaena on molecular nitrogen: NifJ is required when iron is limited. (1993)

The nifJ gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae encodes an oxidoreductase required for the transfer of electrons from pyruvate to flavodoxin, which reduces nitrogenase. The nifJ gene of Anabaena 7120, isolated from a cosmid bank, was found to contain an open reading frame encoding a 1197-aa protein. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 50% identity to the Klebsiella homolog. The nifJ gene in Anabaena 7120 was inactivated by chromosomal interruption. The resulting mutant was unable to grow on medium depleted of both iron and combined nitrogen but grew normally, fixing nitrogen, when iron was present. NifJ transcripts of 2.7 and 4.3 kb are induced by iron depletion irrespective of nitrogen status. One particular stretch of the Anabaena 7120 nifJ gene encodes 12 aa with no complementary matches in the Klebsiella protein. This insert contains five tandem repeats of the heptamer CCCCAGT. These heptamers, as well as heptamers and octamers of other related sequences, have been located in a number of cyanobacterial genomes but are usually not found within the coding region of a gene. The site of the Anabaena 7120 heptamers in the nifJ genes of other filamentous cyanobacteria contains a surprising diversity of repeated sequences, both octamers and heptamers. The corresponding protein inserts range in length from 1 to 21 aa, relative to Klebsiella NifJ.
Industrial control system for a back-to-back multilevel NPC converter based on DSP and FPGA (2007)

New energy concepts such as Distributed Power Generation are changing the face of electric distribution and transmission. Power electronics researchers try to apply new electronic controller solutions enabling the implementation of new and more complex control algorithms. This paper presents the design, implementation and test of the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) tasks of a novel real-time controller for a NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) (three-level) multilevel converter. The controller is based on a floating-point Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and a FPGA, by operating in a cooperative way. The proposed system is instantiated to the next system: a 150 kVA back-to-back three-level NPC VSC (Voltage Source Converter) for wind turbine applications.
Targeting methyltransferase PRMT5 eliminates leukemia stem cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (2016)

Imatinib-insensitive leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are believed to be responsible for resistance to BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors and relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Identifying therapeutic targets to eradicate CML LSCs may be a strategy to cure CML. In the present study, we discovered a positive feedback loop between BCR-ABL and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in CML cells. Overexpression of PRMT5 was observed in human CML LSCs. Silencing PRMT5 with shRNA or blocking PRMT5 methyltransferase activity with the small-molecule inhibitor PJ-68 reduced survival, serial replating capacity, and long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs) in LSCs from CML patients. Further, PRMT5 knockdown or PJ-68 treatment dramatically prolonged survival in a murine model of retroviral BCR-ABL-driven CML and impaired the in vivo self-renewal capacity of transplanted CML LSCs. PJ-68 also inhibited long-term engraftment of human CML CD34+ cells in immunodeficient mice. Moreover, inhibition of PRMT5 abrogated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CML CD34+ cells by depleting dishevelled homolog 3 (DVL3). This study suggests that epigenetic methylation modification on histone protein arginine residues is a regulatory mechanism to control self-renewal of LSCs and indicates that PRMT5 may represent a potential therapeutic target against LSCs.
Dimerization of the Chicken Progesterone Receptor<i>in Vitro</i>Can Occur in the Absence of Hormone and DNA (1990)

We have analyzed the dimerization of two forms of the chicken progesterone receptor (cPRA and cPRB) by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and chemical cross-linking with dimethylpimelimidate (DMP). We demonstrate by these two methods that the PRs assemble in vitro into dimers in the absence of DNA, and that dimerization does not require hormone. The cPRA homodimer binds quantitatively to its cognate DNA response element in our nondenaturing gradient gel assay. DMP cross-linking confirms that both forms of the receptor (cPRA and cPRB) assemble into dimers in solution. Finally, in a standard mobility shift assay, chemically cross-linked receptors bind to the progesterone DNA response element with high affinity. We conclude that the PR contains a dimerization motif, which can promote stable subunit-subunit contacts without the presence of hormone in vitro. The complex thus formed expresses sequence-specific DNA-binding activity indistinguishable from that observed in the presence of hormone.
A "constrain and move" approach to distributed object manipulation (2001)

Studying the system dynamics, this research is an attempt to understand and design the basic robot behavior, information system, and distributed cooperation strategies required by a group of cooperative behavior-based mobile robots for handling an object. A new concept to develop distributed cooperation strategies to carry a load is introduced. In this method, the task of transferring the object is divided into two independent executable subtasks: constraining and moving the load. Each subtask is assigned to a group of distributed mobile robots. Based on this idea (constrain-move concept), two distributed cooperation strategies to turn the object about a fixed point and to move it along a straight line are introduced. The constrain-move concept is generalized for lifting and lowering the object. It is noted that weight of the payload can be used by the robots as a natural constraint on the object. Utilizing this natural constraint, a distributed cooperation strategy and an information system to lift and lower the object are introduced. The coordination protocols are devised in such a way that the robots can control movements of the object using their own sensory information and some static data communicated between the team members. Simulation and experimental results are given to support the proposed approach.
High dose levothyroxine combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for bipolar disorder with DIO2 gene polymorphisms (2018)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Suppression of selected diffraction orders with programmable masks written on spatial light modulators (1988)

We present a technique for obtaining improved performance of programmable binary phase-only spatial masks written onto spatial light modulators by suppressing one of the two first-order diffracted beams through spatial dispersion. Theoretical and experimental performance studies are presented showing the results of writing diffraction gratings on the magnetooptic spatial light modulator using this new technique. The method works well, although it is extremely sensitive to the optical quality of all the components.
Accelerating read mapping with FastHASH (2013)

With the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, we are facing an exponential increase in the amount of genomic sequence data. The success of all medical and genetic applications of next-generation sequencing critically depends on the existence of computational techniques that can process and analyze the enormous amount of sequence data quickly and accurately. Unfortunately, the current read mapping algorithms have difficulties in coping with the massive amounts of data generated by NGS.We propose a new algorithm, FastHASH, which drastically improves the performance of the seed-and-extend type hash table based read mapping algorithms, while maintaining the high sensitivity and comprehensiveness of such methods. FastHASH is a generic algorithm compatible with all seed-and-extend class read mapping algorithms. It introduces two main techniques, namely Adjacency Filtering, and Cheap K-mer Selection.We implemented FastHASH and merged it into the codebase of the popular read mapping program, mrFAST. Depending on the edit distance cutoffs, we observed up to 19-fold speedup while still maintaining 100% sensitivity and high comprehensiveness.
Joint power control and blind beamforming in wireless networks (2003)

Traditional power control with beamforming achieves a targeted signal-to-inference-noise-ratio (SINR) in wireless networks assuming measurement of SINR and direction of arrival (DOA) at the receivers. Blind beamforming is an emerging technique for DOA measurement without consuming extra bandwidth. Here we propose a joint power control and blind beamforming algorithm that reformulates the power control problem and, importantly, does not need additional measurements or sending training sequences. In contrast to traditional power control that achieves a targeted SINR threshold, the scheme achieves a threshold on a quantity available from blind beamforming, which is directly related to bit error rate. We have shown in both analysis and simulation results that the algorithm converges to the desired solution.
Precise Neural Stimulation in the Retina Using Focused Ultrasound (2013)

Focused ultrasound is a promising noninvasive technology for neural stimulation. Here we use the isolated salamander retina to characterize the effect of ultrasound on an intact neural circuit and compared these effects with those of visual stimulation of the same retinal ganglion cells. Ultrasound stimuli at an acoustic frequency of 43 MHz and a focal spot diameter of 90 μm delivered from a piezoelectric transducer evoked stable responses with a temporal precision equal to strong visual responses but with shorter latency. By presenting ultrasound and visual stimulation together, we found that ultrasonic stimulation rapidly modulated visual sensitivity but did not change visual temporal filtering. By combining pharmacology with ultrasound stimulation, we found that ultrasound did not directly activate retinal ganglion cells but did in part activate interneurons beyond photoreceptors. These results suggest that, under conditions of strong localized stimulation, timing variability is largely influenced by cells beyond photoreceptors. We conclude that ultrasonic stimulation is an effective and spatiotemporally precise method to activate the retina. Because the retina is the most accessible part of the CNS in vivo, ultrasonic stimulation may have diagnostic potential to probe remaining retinal function in cases of photoreceptor degeneration, and therapeutic potential for use in a retinal prosthesis. In addition, because of its noninvasive properties and spatiotemporal resolution, ultrasound neurostimulation promises to be a useful tool to understand dynamic activity in pharmacologically defined neural pathways in the retina.
Nephrotoxicity Related to New Therapeutic Compounds (2005)

Toxic nephropathy is an important cause of reversible renal injury. This article focuses on the nephrotoxicity of several new therapeutic compounds. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor is associated with sodium retention, hypertension, ankle edema, and acute renal failure. The incidence of renal complication is similar to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Bisphosphonates, especially when used in high dose for prolonged duration, can cause toxic acute tubular necrosis and renal failure. Pamidronate is also associated with a specific form of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis similar to one found in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Acyclic nucleoside phosphonate, a new group of antiviral agents, can cause Fanconi-like syndrome and progressive renal impairment. On the other hand, indinavir, a potent protease inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection, can cause crystalluria, renal stone, acute tubular obstruction and chronic interstitial nephritis. Intravenous immune globulin and hydroxyethyl starch, a new plasma expander, are associated with acute renal failure with characteristic renal histology known as osmotic nephrosis. In short, physicians should be cautious about possible renal toxicity during the use of any new therapeutic agents.
Path diversity and bandwidth allocation for multimedia streaming (2003)

The recent advent of widely available broadband Internet access has resulted in an explosive growth of new video streaming applications and research into methods to efficiently support, such applications over today's Internet. Many approaches, including source and channel coding techniques, have been proposed to deal with the delay, loss, and time-varying characteristics of best-effort packet-switched networks. In this paper we present two class of techniques for such networks: the first set of techniques is designed for streaming to receivers with bandwidth-limited last mile connections to the Internet, while the second set explores techniques relying on path diversity to handle situations in which the path to the video source, and not the access link itself, causes degradation in the quality of the video stream. We show results of simulations and Internet experiments, demonstrating the effectiveness of the two techniques.
A fast scheme for arbitrarily resizing of digital image in the compressed domain (2003)

Arbitrarily resizing of digital images is needed in many applications, such as transmission of images over communication channels whose bandwidth is varying widely, or display of the pre-encoding program on devices with different resolution. This paper presents a new algorithm, which possesses the capability of arbitrarily image resizing in compressed domain. Experimental results confirm that this scheme can achieve significant computation cost reduction while maintaining better quality. Hence, it can be efficiently used in standalone image resizing and in transcoding applications which require real-time processing.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Flexible, Linear Macromolecules (1983)

A summary of instrument and application news for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a study of low temperature DSC are presented. From 140 to 300 K, a reasonably critical application range, DSC is shown to be capable of up to 2% precision. This is less than classical calorimetry can provide, but many applications may be served by these measurements. Heat capacities of poly(acrylate) and poly(methacrylate) are presented for the temperature range 220—500 K (specifically, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, and octadecyl acrylates, and methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, dodecyl, and octadecyl methacrylates). These heat capacities are analyzed in terms of the side-chain heat capacity by comparison with the heat capacities of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene-1, polyisobutylene, and polypentene. The latter are taken from our data bank, which contains heat capacities on over 100 different macromolecules and will be the basis of a general addition scheme on heat capacities.
The influence of compositional variations on bone ingrowth of implanted porous calcium aluminate ceramics (1975)

Sixteen ceramic specimens were implanted in the femur of mature rhesus monkeys. The specimens consisted of four groups of a basic calcium aluminate composition with additions of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5). The increasing amounts of P2O5 caused variations in the resorption rate, microstructure and surface characteristics of the implant. The influence of these variables on bone and tissue growth within and about the implant was investigated. After sacrifice the ceramic-bone specimens were studied by a tetracycline-based histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis. The results indicate an increase in mesenchymal cell proliferation, fibrous and bone tissue formation at the ceramic tissue interface and within the implant with increasing concentrations of P2O5. The results obtained from the study did not furnish sufficient evidence to differentiate between the direct chemical influence the increasing P2O5 had on osseous tissue formation or the indirect influence that may have resulted from its effect on the ceramic microstructure and morphology.
Impulse compression using soliton effects in a monolithic GaAs circuit (1991)

A monolithic GaAs impulse compressor circuit which utilizes soliton wave propagation effects in nonlinear transmission lines has been fabricated. The circuits compress a 20 dBm, 8 GHz sinusoid to a train of 3.9 V peak to peak, 5.5 ps full width at half maximum impulses.
One-Pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted Conjugated Dienes via Sequential Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling with Alkenyl- and Alkyltrifluoroborates (2006)

The sequential, stereoselective disubstitution of 1,1-dibromoalkenes using a variety of alkenyltrifluoroborates followed by alkyltrifluoroborates in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 is described. This synthetic method proceeds smoothly in one pot under mild reaction conditions to provide the corresponding trisubstituted, conjugated dienes in excellent yield. Moreover, the method is operationally very simple because the organotrifluoroborates are stable in air, and the byproducts are innocuous inorganic salts.
Bloodroot associated eschar (2014)

We present a case of a 60-year-old woman who, after using a blemish cream purchased at a health store, presented to our clinic with a large eschar on the right neck. The active ingredient in this cream was found to be Sanguinaria canadensis, a known escharotic. This substance is popularly marketed as a natural remedy for a host of skin diseases such as blemishes, moles, warts, skin tags, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, actinic keratoses, and even melanoma. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids but is still left with a scar from the healed eschar. Dermatologists must be aware of the increasing popularity of "natural" medicinal skin cancer therapies, such as bloodroot-containing "cancer salves" and "herbal cures," and emphasize to their patients that conventional excision, micrographic surgery, electrodessication, and/or curettage are highly successful treatments for most skin cancers with little morbidity.
Classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. (2010)

The history of classification and diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is similar and different. Important criteria sets have been published for both disease in the mid eighties, for AS in 1984 and for RA in 1987. The leading clinical symptoms, inflammatory back pain (IBP) in AS and the predominant polyarticular symmetric involvement of the hands in RA were, of course, central, and so was morning stiffness as a major clinical sign of an inflammatory disease state. In RA, there was more focus on laboratory parameters (rheumatoid factor), while this could have been the case also in AS (HLA B27) but this was not recognized at this point in time. In contrast, imaging has played a more important role in AS - especially because the sacroiliac joints are involved in the vast majority of AS patients, while in RA radiographic changes of the joints of hands and feet may contribute to the diagnosis. However, in both diseases, early structural changes visualized by conventional radiography rather have prognostic impact since these patients are much more likely to progress in comparison to others who do not have cartilage and joint damage early in the course of the disease. Further developments of criteria for AS have broadened the spectrum of AS to spondyloarthritis (SpA) and axial SpA which covers most early forms. The leading clinical symptom is chronic back pain in young adults and IBP. New criteria for RA which include more patients with early disease and anti-CCP antibodies as new markers are being developed. This is important since early treatment strategies are increasingly and successfully used to treat inflammatory diseases more efficiently.
Chromosomal mobilization and reintegration of <i>Sleeping Beauty</i> and <i>PiggyBac</i> transposons (2009)

The Sleeping Beauty and PiggyBac DNA transposon systems have recently been developed as tools for insertional mutagenesis. We have compared the chromosomal mobilization efficiency and insertion site preference of the two transposons mobilized from the same donor site in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells under conditions in which there were no selective constraints on the transposons' insertion sites. Compared with Sleeping Beauty, PiggyBac exhibits higher transposition efficiencies, no evidence for local hopping and a significant bias toward reintegration in intragenic regions, which demonstrate its utility for insertional mutagenesis. Although Sleeping Beauty had no detectable genomic bias with respect to insertions in genes or intergenic regions, both Sleeping Beauty and PiggyBac transposons displayed preferential integration into actively transcribed loci.