gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Magnesium in Experimental Stent Thrombosis in Swine (2001)

We investigated the effects of magnesium on acute platelet-dependent stent thrombosis in an ex vivo porcine arteriovenous shunt model of high-shear blood flow. Control nitinol stents were expanded to 2 mm in diameter in a tubular perfusion chamber interposed in the shunt and exposed to flowing arterial blood at a shear rate of 2100 s(-1) for 20 minutes (n=156 perfusion runs in 10 swine). Animals were treated with intravenous heparin or MgSO(4) alone (2 g bolus over 20 minutes, followed by 2 g/h infusion) and combined heparin plus MgSO(4) in random fashion. Effects on thrombus weight (TW), platelet aggregation, bleeding time, activated clotting time, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were quantified. Data points in the magnesium-treated animals were examined within 20 minutes after bolus (Mg-early) and >40 minutes after bolus (Mg-late). Stent TW (20+/-3 mg, pretreatment) was reduced by 42+/-21%, 47+/-19%, 48+/-16%, 67+/-12%, and 86+/-8% in the groups treated with Mg-early alone, Mg-late alone, heparin alone, heparin+Mg-early, and heparin+Mg-late, respectively (all P<0.001 versus pretreatment, P<0.001 for heparin+Mg-early and Mg-late versus heparin or magnesium alone, and P<0.05 for heparin+Mg-late versus heparin+Mg-early, ANOVA). Magnesium had no significant effect on platelet aggregation, activated clotting time, or bleeding time. There were no significant effects on heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure. The serum magnesium level was inversely correlated with TW (r=-0.70, P=0.002). In conclusion, treatment with intravenous MgSO(4) produced a time-dependent inhibition of acute stent thrombosis under high-shear flow conditions without any hemostatic or significant hemodynamic complications. Thus, magnesium may be an effective agent for preventing stent thrombosis.
Identification of QuiP, the Product of Gene PA1032, as the Second Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Acylase of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1 (2006)

The relevance of the acyl homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) quorum signals N-3-oxododecanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC12HSL) and N-butanoyl-homoserine lactone to the biology and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well investigated. Previously, P. aeruginosa was shown to degrade long-chain, but not short-chain, acyl-HSLs as sole carbon and energy sources (J. J. Huang, J.-I. Han, L.-H. Zhang, and J. R. Leadbetter, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:5941-5949, 2003). A gene encoding an enzyme with acyl-HSL acylase activity, pvdQ (PA2385), was identified, but it was not required for acyl-HSL utilization. This indicated that P. aeruginosa encodes another acyl-HSL acylase, which we identify here. A comparison of total cell proteins of cultures grown with long-acyl acyl-HSLs versus other substrates implicated the involvement of a homolog of PvdQ, the product of gene PA1032, for which we propose the name QuiP. Transposon mutants of quiP were defective for growth when P. aeruginosa was cultured in medium containing decanoyl-HSL as a sole carbon and energy source. Complementation with a functional copy of quiP rescued this growth defect. When P. aeruginosa was grown in buffered lysogeny broth, constitutive expression of QuiP in P. aeruginosa led to decreased accumulations of the quorum signal 3OC12HSL, relative to the wild type. Heterologous expression of QuiP was sufficient to confer long-chain acyl-HSL acylase activity upon Escherichia coli. Examination of gene expression patterns during acyl-HSL-dependent growth of P. aeruginosa further supported the involvement of quiP in signal decay and revealed other genes also possibly involved. It is not yet known under which "natural" conditions quiP is expressed or how P. aeruginosa balances the expression of its quorum-sensing systems with the expression of its acyl-HSL acylase activities.
Statistical Blockade: Very Fast Statistical Simulation and Modeling of Rare Circuit Events and Its Application to Memory Design (2009)

Circuit reliability under random parametric variation is an area of growing concern. For highly replicated circuits, e.g., static random access memories (SRAMs), a rare statistical event for one circuit may induce a not-so-rare system failure. Existing techniques perform poorly when tasked to generate both efficient sampling and sound statistics for these rare events. Statistical blockade is a novel Monte Carlo technique that allows us to efficiently filter-to block-unwanted samples that are insufficiently rare in the tail distributions we seek. The method synthesizes ideas from data mining and extreme value theory and, for the challenging application of SRAM yield analysis, shows speedups of 10 - 100 times over standard Monte Carlo.
Synthetic entries to 6‐fluoro‐7‐substituted indole derivatives (1990)

Abstract Three practical synthetic entries of functionalized 6‐fluoro‐7‐substituted indole derivatives were developed in connection with the preparation of 7‐fluoro‐8‐substituted‐1,3,4,9‐tetrahydropyrano[3,4‐ b ]indole‐1‐acetic acid derivatives 11 . The first route, which permits group modification about position 8 of the pyranoindole skeleton, employs 2‐bromo‐3‐fluoroaniline ( 18 ) as a key intermediate, the preparation of which was achieved by either a novel ortho metalation of 15 or via the intermediacy of 22 . The second route utilizes 32 to append a terminally functionalized three carbon side chain onto the indole template and in addition leads to 43 from 40 . The third route to the 7‐fluoro‐8‐substituted‐pyranoindole skeleton complements route two in that the synthetic pathway exploits 32 in a nucleophilic fashion to construct a terminally functionalized two carbon appendage onto the indole nucleus.
High-birefringence nonlinearly-chirped fiber Bragg grating for tunable compensation of polarization mode dispersion (2003)

We demonstrate a tunable polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensator using a high-birefringence nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (HN-FBG). Our device is capable of generating a 100 ps to 320 ps time delay between the polarization axes and tunable over 2.3 nm. For a 10-Gbit/s signal, we show that 170-ps tunability is realized by stretching the HN-FBG.
A Porous Metal–Organic Framework with Dynamic Pyrimidine Groups Exhibiting Record High Methane Storage Working Capacity (2014)

We have realized a new porous metal-organic framework UTSA-76a with pyrimidine groups on the linker, exhibiting high volumetric methane uptake of ~260 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at 298 K and 65 bar, and record high working capacity of ~200 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) (between 5 and 65 bar). Such exceptionally high working capacity is attributed to the central "dynamic" pyrimidine groups within UTSA-76a, which are capable of adjusting their orientations to optimize the methane packing at high pressure, as revealed by computational studies and neutron scattering experiments.
Optimization Of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers Pumped Near 1.5 µm (1990)

The gain of a highly efficient erbium-doped fiber amplifier was measured when pumped at wavelengths between 1.46 pm and 1.51 ,am. The optimal pump wavelength, Xrt, was determined to be 1.475 pm. At this pump wavelength the maximum gain coefficients for signals at 1.531 pm and 1.544 pm were measured to be 2.3 d13/mW and 2.6 dB/mW, respectively. At λ°pPt high gains were achieved, ranging from 32 dB at pump power Pp = 20 mW up to 40 dB at Pp = 80 mW. These modest pump powers are within the capabilities of currently available 1.48 pm diode lasers. The width about λ°IP for 3 dB gain variation exceeded 27 nm for Pp = 10 mW and 40 nm for pipn > 20 mW. With this weak dependence on pump wavelength, single longitudinal mode lasers do not have a significant advantage over practical Fabry-Perot multi-mode pump lasers.
Novel petroleum demulsifiers based on acrylic random copolymers (2018)

Although normally the copolymers used to remove water from crude oil have a block structure, two series of random acrylic copolymers were evaluated as petroleum demulsifiers. These acrylic copolymers, with two different butyl acrylate (BuA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) contents, were synthesized by semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. Their weight-average molar mass (Mw¯) was varied by modifying the amount of chain transfer agent relative to the monomers from 0 to 8 wt%. FTIR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies confirmed that the conversion of the monomers was complete. The synthesized acrylic copolymers were subsequently evaluated as demulsifier agents in a Mexican heavy crude oil (10.24°API). Copolymers with 70 wt% butyl acrylate monomer and a weight-average molar mass above of 11 000 g mol−1 presented the greatest ability to remove emulsified water from the system. The demulsifying capability of the copolymer was evidenced to be strongly dependent on their molecular mass. HighlightsSynthesis of random acrylic copolymers (BuA-co-2-EHA) of different average molar mass (Mw¯).Evaluation of random acrylic copolymers as demulsifiers of heavy crude oil.Weight-average molar mass (Mw¯) and monomer composition play an important role on the performance of random acrylic copolymers as demulsifiers.
Modeling Diesel Spray Flame Lift-Off, Sooting Tendency and NOx Emissions Using Detailed Chemistry With Phenomenological Soot Model (2005)

A detailed chemistry-based CFD model was developed to simulate the diesel spray combustion and emission process. A reaction mechanism of n-heptane is coupled with a reduced NOx mechanism to simulate diesel fuel oxidation and NOx formation. The soot emission process is simulated by a phenomenological soot model that uses a competing formation and oxidation rate formulation. The model is applied to predict the diesel spray lift-off length and its sooting tendency under high temperature and pressure conditions with good agreement with experiments of Sandia. Various nozzle diameters and chamber conditions were investigated. The model successfully predicts that the sooting tendency is reduced as the nozzle diameter is reduced and/or the initial chamber gas temperature is decreased, as observed by the experiments. The model is also applied to simulate diesel engine combustion under PCCI-like conditions. Trends of heat release rate, NOx and soot emissions with respect to EGR levels and start-of-injection timings are also well predicted. Both experiments and models reveal that soot emissions peak when the start of injection occurs close to TDC. The model indicates that low soot emission at early SOI is due to better oxidation while low soot emission at late SOI is due to less formation. Since NOx emissions decrease monotonically with injection retardation, a late injection scheme can be utilized for simultaneous soot and NOx reduction for the engine conditions investigated in this study.
Optimizing Selection of Fire Hydrants for Flow Tests in Water Distribution Systems (2014)

Abstract During a hydrant flow test, the more pipes with the increased flow velocity, the better the hydrant flow test is. Therefore, a good selection of hydrants for flow test is anticipated with the flow velocity increment or extra head losses occurred in as many pipes as possible. In order to maximize the performance of flow tests, a new method is developed to search for a combination of available hydrants for flow tests so that the total length of the pipes with the increased flow velocity and/or the increased unit hydraulic head loss greater than a prescribed threshold is maximized.
Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruit: Inhibition Of Botrytis Rot On Apple by an Antagonistic Yeast (1988)

As an alternative to fungicides, biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit has recently met with good success with peaches and apples and is an area of great potential. In contrast to previous study, we were particularly interested in finding antagonists that did not produce antibiotics as part of their mode of action. After extensive screening, several yeast and bacteria were identified that exhibited biocontrol of a number of postharvest disease organisms. In particular, the yeast, Debaryomyces hansenii , indicated great potential as a biocontrol agent without exhibiting antibiotic production as a mode of action. It has been recently shown to effectively control decay on citrus caused by Penicillium digitatum, Penicilliim italicum and Geotrichum candidum . The present report is the first to document the use of D. hansenii to control postharvest decay of apples by Botrytis cinerea and present possible inodes of action. To test for biocontrol activity, apples (cv Golden Delicious) ware wounded with a 4 nm cork borer to a depth of 5 mm.
Secure quantum clock synchronization (2018)

The ability to synchronize remote clocks plays an increasingly important role in our infrastructure, from maintaining coherence in the electrical grid to allowing precise positioning and navigation for civilian and military applications. However, many of the techniques to establish and maintain this time synchronization have been shown to be susceptible to interference by malicious parties. Here we propose a protocol that builds on techniques from quantum communication to provide a verified and secure time synchronization protocol. In contrast with classical protocols aimed at increasing the security of time distribution, we need not make any assumptions about the distance or propagation times between the clocks. In order to compromise the security of the protocol, an adversary must be able to perform quantum non-demolition measurements of the presence of a singe photon with high probability. The requirement of such quantum measurements raises a serious technological barrier for any would-be adversary
Vector spin modeling for magnetic tunnel junctions with voltage dependent effects (2014)

Integration and co-design of CMOS and spin transfer devices requires accurate vector spin conduction modeling of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices. A physically realistic model of the MTJ should comprehend the spin torque dynamics of nanomagnet interacting with an injected vector spin current and the voltage dependent spin torque. Vector spin modeling allows for calculation of 3 component spin currents and potentials along with the charge currents/potentials in non-collinear magnetic systems. Here, we show 4-component vector spin conduction modeling of magnetic tunnel junction devices coupled with spin transfer torque in the nanomagnet. Nanomagnet dynamics, voltage dependent spin transport, and thermal noise are comprehended in a self-consistent fashion. We show comparison of the model with experimental magnetoresistance (MR) of MTJs and voltage degradation of MR with voltage. Proposed model enables MTJ circuit design that comprehends voltage dependent spin torque effects, switching error rates, spin degradation, and back hopping effects.
Thermochromic Transducer Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor (1984)

A thermochromic solution of a Cobalt salt can be used as a temperature sensor,since its optical absorption spectrum is strong modified by temperature variations.A thermometer can be realized making use of fiber optics for light transmission to and from the sensor.Such device has been set up and tested in the laboratory:technical data are here presented and pratical measurements and results are then discussed.
NanoScript: A Nanoparticle-Based Artificial Transcription Factor for Effective Gene Regulation (2014)

Transcription factor (TF) proteins are master regulators of transcriptional activity and gene expression. TF-based gene regulation is a promising approach for many biological applications; however, several limitations hinder the full potential of TFs. Herein, we developed an artificial, nanoparticle-based transcription factor, termed NanoScript, which is designed to mimic the structure and function of TFs. NanoScript was constructed by tethering functional peptides and small molecules called synthetic transcription factors, which mimic the individual TF domains, onto gold nanoparticles. We demonstrate that NanoScript localizes within the nucleus and initiates transcription of a reporter plasmid by over 15-fold. Moreover, NanoScript can effectively transcribe targeted genes on endogenous DNA in a nonviral manner. Because NanoScript is a functional replica of TF proteins and a tunable gene-regulating platform, it has great potential for various stem cell applications.
Method for preparation of graft polymeric membranes (1986)

A process is described for the conversion of synthesis gas to a product containing liquid hydrocarbons with an activated, supported catalyst prepared by the steps, in sequence, of (A) impregnating an alumina or silica support with a cobalt carbonyl, (B) subjecting the cobalt carbonyl-impregnated alumina or silica support to an activation procedure comprising the steps of, in sequence, (i) reduction in hydrogen, (ii) oxidation with an oxygen-containing gas, and (iii) reduction in hydrogen, the activation procedure being conducted at a temperature below about 450/sup 0/C., to produce an, activated catalyst having an activity after the step (iii) that is greater than the activity of the catalyst after the step (i), and contacting a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide under synthesis conversions conditions with the, activated catalyst to form a product containing liquid hydrocarbons.
An aqueaus dispersion and a method for applying a coating based on such a dispersion to a substrate (2007)

The present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion based on a polymer and a crosslinker, a method for applying a coating to a substrate, and a substrate provided with such a coating. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a formulation for an aqueous dispersion that can be used to obtain a coating that will not turn yellow and is resistant to hydrolysis.
Low Loss Modulators for Infrared Lasers (1976)

Abstract : This report shows how magneto-optical properties of bound state transitions may be used to design components significantly more efficient than conventional designs for infrared and submillimeter wavelengths. It is shown that magneto-optical spectroscopy can also provide information about basic parameters of a system not easily obtainable by other means.
On-demand mobility support with anchor chains in information centric networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose a decentralized mobility support architecture, with micro-level name resolution, for information centric networking (ICN) to better manage host mobility, and respond quickly to handover events to avoid data loss. Proposed architecture utilizes localized anchors, carrying new data structures, during packet forwarding to aggregate mobile flows and provide a combination of stateful and stateless forwarding that improves forwarding efficiency. Performance analysis of the proposed architecture suggests up to 30% improvement in forwarding capacity despite the resulting path stretch with the use of on-path anchors, while offering latency guarantees proportional to perceived handover latency.
Partial CD25 Antagonism Enables Dominance of Antigen-Inducible CD25high FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells As a Basis for a Regulatory T Cell-Based Adoptive Immunotherapy (2017)

FOXP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a promising platform for effective adoptive immunotherapy of chronic inflammatory disease, including autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Successful Treg immunotherapy however requires new technologies to enable long-term expansion of stable, antigen-specific FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs in cell culture. Antigen-specific activation of naïve T cells in the presence of TGF-β elicits the initial differentiation of the FOXP3<sup>+</sup> lineage, but these Treg lines lack phenotypic stability and rapidly transition to a conventional T cell (Tcon) phenotype during <i>in vitro</i> propagation. Because Tregs and Tcons differentially express CD25, we hypothesized that anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) would only partially block IL-2 signaling in CD25<sup>high</sup> FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs while completely blocking IL-2 responses of CD25<sup>low-intermediate</sup> Tcons to enable preferential outgrowth of Tregs during <i>in vitro</i> propagation. Indeed, murine TGF-β-induced MOG-specific Treg lines from 2D2 transgenic mice that were maintained in IL-2 with the anti-CD25 PC61 mAb rapidly acquired and indefinitely maintained a FOXP3<sup>high</sup> phenotype during long-term <i>in vitro</i> propagation (>90% FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs), whereas parallel cultures lacking PC61 rapidly lost FOXP3. These results pertained to TGF-β-inducible "iTregs" because Tregs from 2D2-FIG <i>Rag1<sup>-</sup></i><sup>/</sup><i><sup>-</sup></i> mice, which lack thymic or natural Tregs, were stabilized by continuous culture in IL-2 and PC61. MOG-specific and polyclonal Tregs upregulated the Treg-associated markers Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and Helios (IKZF2). Just as PC61 stabilized FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs during expansion in IL-2, TGF-β fully stabilized FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs during cellular activation in the presence of dendritic cells and antigen/mitogen. Adoptive transfer of blastogenic CD25<sup>high</sup> FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs from MOG35-55-specific 2D2 TCR transgenic mice suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in pretreatment and therapeutic protocols. In conclusion, low IL-2 concentrations coupled with high PC61 concentrations constrained IL-2 signaling to a low-intensity range that enabled dominant stable outgrowth of suppressive CD25<sup>high</sup> FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs. The ability to indefinitely expand stable Treg lines will provide insight into FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Treg physiology and will be foundational for Treg-based immunotherapy.
On common tools for databases - The case for a client-based index advisor (2008)

Modern enterprises often deploy multiple databases from different vendors. Managing a heterogeneous mix of databases is a very challenging exercise. To help the DBA tackle this complex administrative task, major database vendors have provided many autonomic tools. The tools help automate common management tasks and even help in performance tuning. However, the DBA now has to face the complexity of dealing with a variety of different tools for different tasks, each with different interfaces and capabilities. The application developer also suffers from a similar problem when trying to use different tools that help him develop applications for different databases. Clearly, there is a need for a common interface to manage heterogeneous databases and develop enterprise class applications for them. To address this need, we argue for a client-based approach to developing database tools. In particular, we take the case of an index advisor (a tool provided by all the three big database vendors) and show that a client-based approach can a) provide a uniform interface for the DBA or the application developer to use across all the database deployments, b) provide flexibility in the number and kinds of scenarios it can be used, and finally c) reduce the total cost of ownership for the enterprise.