gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Functional Differences between Hepatitis C Virus NS5A of Genotypes 1–7 in Infectious Cell Culture Systems (2012)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of chronic liver disease. Several highly diverse HCV genotypes exist with potential key functional differences. The HCV NS5A protein was associated with response to interferon (IFN)-α based therapy, and is a primary target of currently developed directly-acting antiviral compounds. NS5A is important for replication and virus production, but has not been studied for most HCV genotypes. We studied the function of NS5A using infectious NS5A genotype 1-7 cell culture systems, and through reverse genetics demonstrated a universal importance of the amphipathic alpha-helix, domain I and II and the low-complexity sequence (LCS) I for HCV replication; the replicon-enhancing LCSI mutation S225P attenuated all genotypes. Mutation of conserved prolines in LCSII led to minor reductions in virus production for the JFH1(genotype 2a) NS5A recombinant, but had greater effects on other isolates; replication was highly attenuated for ED43(4a) and QC69(7a) recombinants. Deletion of the conserved residues 414-428 in domain III reduced virus production for most recombinants but not JFH1(2a). Reduced virus production was linked to attenuated replication in all cases, but ED43(4a) and SA13(5a) also displayed impaired particle assembly. Compared to the original H77C(1a) NS5A recombinant, the changes in LCSII and domain III reduced the amounts of NS5A present. For H77C(1a) and TN(1a) NS5A recombinants, we observed a genetic linkage between NS5A and p7, since introduced changes in NS5A led to changes in p7 and vice versa. Finally, NS5A function depended on genotype-specific residues in domain I, as changing genotype 2a-specific residues to genotype 1a sequence and vice versa led to highly attenuated mutants. In conclusion, this study identified NS5A genetic elements essential for all major HCV genotypes in infectious cell culture systems. Genotype- or isolate- specific NS5A functional differences were identified, which will be important for understanding of HCV NS5A function and therapeutic targeting.
A novel algorithm increases the delivery of effective cardiac resynchronization therapy during atrial fibrillation: The CRTee randomized crossover trial (2017)

In a cohort of CRT patients with a history of AF, eCRTAF significantly increased %eCRT pacing and %Vp during AF with a small increase in mean HR. This algorithm may represent a novel noninvasive method of significantly increasing effective CRT delivery during AF, potentially improving CRT response.
Prolonged antidiuretic action of vasopressin analogues in relation to their primary structure (1981)

The effectiveness of vasopressin analogues with prolonged antidiuretic action was related to their primary structure. Prolonged action was primarily due to the absence of the amino group of cysteine in position 1 of the peptide chain. The carba substitution of the disulphide bridge and introduction of basic homologous amino acids into position 8 contributed in differing degrees to the prolonged action of the analogues. [8-L-Norarginine]deamino vasopressin was the most potent of the analogues compared; its action was 10 times more prolonged than that of dDAVP.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some esters, amides, and hydrazides of 3-carboxyrifamycin S. Relationship between structure and activity of ansamycins (1981)

Esters, amides, and hydrazides of 3-carboxyrifamycin S were synthesized by oxidizing the cyanohydrin of 3-formylrifamycin SV to 3-(cyanocarbonyl)rifamycin S, followed by treatment with alcohols, amines and hydrazines. The in vitro microbiological activity of the derivatives was quite low, especially toward Gram-negative bacteria. This poor activity was not shown to be due to the inadequate inhibiting action on the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase but to the poor penetration of the compounds through the bacterial cell wall. The microbiological activity was correlated to the chemical properties of the substituent on C3.
Catalytic multi-stage liquefaction of coal. First quarterly report, 8 December 1992--31 December 1992 (1993)

This quarterly report covers activities of Catalytic Multi-Stage Liquefaction of Coal dozing the period December 8--December 31, 1992, at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. in Lawrenceville and Princeton, New Jersey. This DOE contract period is from December 8, 1992 to December 7, 1994. The overall objective of the program is to produce liquid fuels from direct coal liquefaction at a cost that is competitive with conventional fuels. Specifically, this continuous bench-scale program examine new ideas in areas such as: low temperature pretreatments, more effective catalysts, on-line hydrotreating, new coal feedstocks, other hydrogen sources, more concentrated coal feeds and other highly responsive process improvements while assessing the design and economics of bench-scale results. The quarterly report covers work on Project Management Plan, Laboratory Scale Studies, Continuous Bench-Scale Operations, Technical Assessment and Project Management/Administration.
Quantum receiver enhanced by adaptive learning (2022)

Quantum receivers aim to effectively navigate the vast quantum-state space to endow quantum information processing capabilities unmatched by classical receivers. To date, only a handful of quantum receivers have been constructed to tackle the problem of discriminating coherent states. Quantum receivers designed by analytical approaches, however, are incapable of effectively adapting to diverse environmental conditions, resulting in their quickly diminishing performance as the operational complexities increase. Here, we present a general architecture, dubbed the quantum receiver enhanced by adaptive learning, to adapt quantum receiver structures to diverse operational conditions. The adaptively learned quantum receiver is experimentally implemented in a hardware platform with record-high efficiency. Combining the architecture and the experimental advances, the error rate is reduced up to 40% over the standard quantum limit in two coherent-state encoding schemes.
EyeArt + EyePACS: Automated Retinal Image Analysis For Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in a Telemedicine System (2015)

Telemedicine frameworks are key to screening the large, ever-growing diabetic population for preventable blindness due to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Integrating fully-automated screening systems in telemedicine frameworks will make DR screening more efficient, cost-effective, reproducible, and accessible. In this paper, we present the integration of EyeArt, an automated DR screening system, into EyePACS, a telemedicine system for DR screening used in diverse screening settings. EyeArt in- corporates novel image processing and analysis algorithms for assessing image gradability; enhancing images based on median filtering; detecting interest regions and localizing lesions based on multi-scale morphological analysis; and DR screening and thus achieves robustness to the large image variability seen in a telemedicine system such as EyePACS. EyeArt is implemented as a scalable, high-throughput cloud-based system to enable large-scale DR screening. We evaluate the safety and performance of EyeArt on a dataset with 434,023 images from 54,324 patient cases obtained from EyePACS. On this dataset, EyeArt’s screening sensitivity is 90% at specificity 60.8% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) is 0.883. In a setup where trained human graders review patient cases recommended for referral by EyeArt with low confidence, a workload reduction of 62% is possible. Therefore, EyeArt can be safely integrated into large real world telemedicine DR screening programs such as EyePACS helping reduce workload and increase efficiency and thus help in reducing vision loss due to DR through early detection and treatment.
Buprenorphine Treatment of Opiate and Cocaine Abuse: Clinical and Preclinical Studies (1993)

Buprenorphine, an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist, is a potent analgesic that appears to be effective for the treatment of opiate abuse. Recent preclinical studies have shown that buprenorphine also significantly reduces cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys for periods up to 120 days. This unexpected finding has led to clinical trials to evaluate buprenorphine's effectiveness for the treatment of dependence on both cocaine and opiates, as defined by DSM-III-R criteria. Buprenorphine's safety in combination with cocaine and opiates and its effects on electroencephalographic sleep patterns and regional cerebral blood flow were evaluated during inpatient studies. Buprenorphine (4 or 8 mg/day given sublingually) did not accentuate the cardiovascular and respiratory changes induced by an acute challenge dose of cocaine (30 mg given intravenously) or morphine (10 mg given intravenously) alone. In an outpatient open trial, buprenorphine significantly reduced both opiate and cocaine abuse by patients who had abused these drugs for more than 10 years. Most of these patients had failed in other drug abuse treatment programs. Reports of needle sharing also decreased significantly, and no patient tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The apparent safety and effectiveness of buprenorphine, combined with a high level of patient acceptance, led the Food and Drug Administration to grant a compassionate extension of the approved period for outpatient buprenorphine treatment from 26 to 52 weeks. Clinical trials of buprenorphine are ongoing. Possible mechanisms underlying buprenorphine-cocaine interactions are now under investigation.
Suppression of synapsin II inhibits the formation and maintenance of synapses in hippocampal culture. (1995)

Numerous synaptic proteins, including several integral membrane proteins, have been assigned roles in synaptic vesicle fusion with or retrieval from the presynaptic plasma membrane. In contrast, the synapsins, neuron-specific phosphoproteins associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles, appear to play a much broader role, being involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and in the organization of the nerve terminal. Here we have administered antisense synapsin II oligonucleotides to dissociated hippocampal neurons, either before the onset of synaptogenesis or 1 week after the onset of synaptogenesis. In both cases, synapsin II was no longer detectable within 24-48 h of treatment. After 5 days of treatment, cultures were analyzed for the presence of synapses by synapsin I and synaptophysin antibody labeling and by electron microscopy. Cultures in which synapsin II was suppressed after axon elongation, but before synapse formation, did not develop synapses. Cultures in which synapsin II was suppressed after the development of synapses lost most of their synapses. Remarkably, with the removal of the antisense oligonucleotides, neurons and their synaptic connections recovered. These studies lead us to conclude that synapsin II is involved in the formation and maintenance of synapses in hippocampal neurons.
PONDER: Performance Aware P2P Video-on-Demand Service (2007)

Providing scalable video-on-demand (VoD) service over the Internet is desirable however technically challenging due to stringent resource and performance requirement. In this paper, we propose PONDER, a performance aware Peer-to-peer video- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DE</i> mand se <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> vice that is capable of providing high quality VoD yet is much more scalable than traditional server-client service model. PONDER employs a dual approach that incorporates the mesh-based p2p downloading into the server-client VoD service. The p2p downloading serves a significant portion of data thereby reducing the load on the server. Meanwhile, the server devotes its resources to offering viewers instantaneous playback and urgent data to meet the performance requirement. A set of devices is developed to make the design feasible in practice. Simulation results show that PONDER increases the number of admitted clients by a factor of 15 when the average uplink bandwidth is roughly equal to the playback rate; and users' viewing quality is comparable to the one offered by unicast with tiny fraction of video data missing the playback time.
An insole sensor for recording weight bearing behavior during tibial fracture rehabilitation (2010)

Partial weight bearing prescriptions for tibial fracture care are made with little data to support their efficacy. To provide long term tibial load data that can be used to study, guide, and monitor partial weight bearing, we developed a novel load sensor that can record the load placed on an injured limb over a two-week period of time. The prototype load sensor demonstrated high linearity, low hysteresis and low static and dynamic drift. Preliminary human testing on the load sensor demonstrated the ability of the load sensor to capture load profile during underfoot recording. Presented are the bench testing and human testing data on the prototype load sensor verifying the design of an economic and durable system that allows for 2 weeks of recording of normal loads experienced by the tibia. This design motivates a next generation approach for use in clinical trials that will enable clinicians and researchers to improve current partial weight bearing prescriptions, thus improving tibial fracture outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Phenyl‐5H‐pyrido(3,4‐b)(1,4)benzothiazin‐3(2H)‐ones (4‐Phenylazaphenothiazines) via Activated Dimethylformamide Reagents. (1987)

Abstract The benzothiazinethione (I) is S‐methylated and then coupled with the arylacetonitriles (III) to produce the benzothiazinylidene derivatives (IV) which are converted to the amides (V).
100 Gb/s Transmission using Bit-Interleaved LDPC-Coded Modulation (2007)

An iterative bandwidth-efficient coded modulation scheme based on bit-interleaving, block-circulant low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, and Many differential phase-shift keying suitable for high-speed transmission at 100 Gb/s (and above) is proposed.
A Stable, Low Permeable TEMPO Catholyte for Aqueous Total Organic Redox Flow Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 8/2022) (2022)

Redox Flow Batteries In article number 2102577, T. Leo Liu and co-workers report a dual ammonium functionalized TEMPO molecule as a stable, low permeable organic catholyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries. The presented molecular design strategy is expected to aid the development of advanced redox active organic electrolytes for sustainable, long-duration energy storage.
Using field data to evaluate intrusive repair (2002)

In this paper we develop a methodology of using field data to evaluate intrusive repair. Intrusive repair is a phenomena where a repair action causes new failures to occur. Our methodology uses causal diagrams to evaluate intrusive repair. We introduce the concept of a threshold time window and define and evaluate measures for intrusive repair and diagnostic effectiveness. We conduct this study for RS/6000 clients and servers. Care is taken to include all classes of systems. The workstations evaluated, therefore, included representatives from the desktop, deskside, and rack families. For each class of machine, data is extracted from field databases. Our methodology provides a way to characterize intrusive repair and diagnostic effectiveness. This will enable us to identify improvements to make with current products and justify improved service features in future designs. In the future, an activity planned is a way to automate the evaluation process by which the field can be monitored for potential intrusive repair and diagnosability problems.
Anastigmatic two-mirror telescopes: some new types (1977)

A type of two-mirror telescope is described in which light leaving the secondary mirror is allowed to reflect off the primary mirror again before coming to the final focus. It is shown that this double bounce off the primary mirror results in a telescope that may be configured to be corrected for spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism. In fact, there are four distinct families of designs that are anastigmatic, encompassing a wide variety of optical forms. The more interesting designs are described in detail, and some performance numbers are given.
Near-field scanning optical micro probe integrated with a nanometer-sized light emitting diode (2007)

We have fabricated a MEMS microprobe integrated with a nanometer-sized light emitting diode (LED) on the tip for near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). The probe body and the LED electrodes were made by wet-etching and focused ion beam(FIB) cutting of an SOI wafer. Semiconductor nanoparticles (CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles) were electrostatically trapped and excited within an electrode gap made on the probe tip. The LED-tip size is approximately 100nm × 100 nm. The probe was tested with an NSOM setup. The probe tip was kept within roughly 5nm from the surface to yield a successful topographic image of a sample.
Selective enrichment of iron from fine-grained complex limonite using suspension magnetization roasting followed by magnetic separation (2019)

A process of suspension magnetization roasting and magnetic separation, which is used to separate and recover iron from fine limonite, was investigated. Iron concentrates grade of 58.29 wt.% and recovery of 91.45 wt.% were obtained under conditions of roasting time of 20 min at 560°C, CO concentration of 30%, grinding fineness of 85 wt.% passing 38 µm and total gas volume of 500 ml/min. X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed fine weak magnetic limonite was selectively transformed into strong magnetic magnetite, porous structure of iron ore caused by magnetization roasting was helpful for grinding and magnetic separation.
A Parametric Merge Candidate for High Efficiency Video Coding (2013)

Block based motion compensated prediction still is the main technique used for temporal redundancy reduction in modern hybrid video codecs. However, the resulting motion vector fields are highly redundant as well. So, motion vector prediction and difference coding are used to compress such vector fields. A drawback of common motion vector prediction techniques is their inability to predict complex motion such as rotation and zoom in an efficient way. We present a novel Merge candidate for improving already existing vector prediction techniques based on higher order motion models to overcome this issue. To transmit the needed models, an efficient compression scheme is utilized. The improvement results in bit rate savings of 1.7% in average and up to 4% respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Microstructures on the Ionic Conductivity of Ceria‐Calcia Oxides. (1987)

Abstract Crystal structure and microstructure of CeO 2 ‐CaO oxides have been investigated in relation to the ionic conductivity of the oxides.
Immunity of ENOP-based Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer to Wandering and Horn Spurs (2022)

The divider controllers in fractional-N frequency synthesizers are typically digital $\triangle\Sigma$ modulators (DDSMs). The DDSM can contribute significantly to the phase noise and spur pattern in the output of a nonlinear synthesizer. A type of time-varying spurs and another type of fixed sub-fractional frequency spurs, denoted wandering spurs and horn spurs, respectively, have been observed in simulations and measurements of fractional-N frequency synthesizers with a MASH-based divider controller. Different families of DDSMs have been presented in the past which represent an alternative to MASHDDSMs. Among these, the ENOP DDSMs are worthy of notice because of their performance in terms of nonlinearity-induced noise and spurs. In this work we show that ENOP-based divider controllers offer strong mitigation of both wandering and horn spurs.
Linear and Nonlinear Controls of Wireline Logs on Automated Grain Size Estimation Using Machine Learning Approach (2021)

Abstract Wireline logs have been utilized to indirectly estimate various reservoir properties, such as porosity, permeability, saturation, cementation factor, and lithology. Attempts have been made to correlate Gamma-ray, density, neutron, spontaneous potential, and resistivity logs with lithology. The current approach to estimate grain size, the traditional core description, is time-consuming, labor-intensive, qualitative, and subjective. An alternative approach is essential given the utility of grain size in petrophysical characterization and identification of depositional environments. This paper proposes to fill the gap by studying the linear and nonlinear influences of wireline logs on reservoir rock grain size. We used the observed influences to develop and optimize respective linear and machine learning models to estimate reservoir rock grain size for a new well or targeted reservoir sections. The linear models comprised logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis while the machine learning method is random forest (RF). We will present the preliminary results comparing the linear and machine learning methods. We used anonymized wireline and archival core description datasets from nine wells in a clastic reservoir. Seven wells were used to train the models and the remaining two to test their classification performance. The grain size-types range from clay to granules. While sedimentologists have used gamma-ray logs to guide grain size qualification, the RF model recommended sonic, neutron, and density logs as having the most significant grain size in the nonlinear domain. The comparative results of the models' performance comparison showed that considering the subjectivity and bias associated with the visual core description approach, the RF model gave up to an 89% correct classification rate. This suggested looking beyond the linear influences of the wireline logs on reservoir rock grain size. The apparent relative stability of the RF model compared to the linear ones also confirms the feasibility of the machine learning approach. This is an acceptable and promising result. Future research will focus on conducting more rigorous quality checks on the grain size data, possibly introduce more heterogeneity, and explore more advanced algorithms. This will help to address the uncertainty in the grain size data more effectively and improve the models performance. The outcome of this study will reduce the limitations in the traditional core description and may eventually reduce the need for extensive core description processes.