gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPipe: Efficient Training of Giant Neural Networks using Pipeline\n Parallelism (2018)

Scaling up deep neural network capacity has been known as an effective\napproach to improving model quality for several different machine learning\ntasks. In many cases, increasing model capacity beyond the memory limit of a\nsingle accelerator has required developing special algorithms or\ninfrastructure. These solutions are often architecture-specific and do not\ntransfer to other tasks. To address the need for efficient and task-independent\nmodel parallelism, we introduce GPipe, a pipeline parallelism library that\nallows scaling any network that can be expressed as a sequence of layers. By\npipelining different sub-sequences of layers on separate accelerators, GPipe\nprovides the flexibility of scaling a variety of different networks to gigantic\nsizes efficiently. Moreover, GPipe utilizes a novel batch-splitting pipelining\nalgorithm, resulting in almost linear speedup when a model is partitioned\nacross multiple accelerators. We demonstrate the advantages of GPipe by\ntraining large-scale neural networks on two different tasks with distinct\nnetwork architectures: (i) Image Classification: We train a\n557-million-parameter AmoebaNet model and attain a top-1 accuracy of 84.4% on\nImageNet-2012, (ii) Multilingual Neural Machine Translation: We train a single\n6-billion-parameter, 128-layer Transformer model on a corpus spanning over 100\nlanguages and achieve better quality than all bilingual models.\n
New digital circuit techniques for total standby leakage reduction in nano-scale SOI technology (2004)

This paper proposes two novel circuit techniques, one each for static and dynamic logic, for ultra-low standby sub-threshold and gate leakage power in future fully-depleted SOI technology. The proposed schemes make intelligent use/combination of SOI dual-V/sub TH/ transistors, supplementary capacitors, forced stacking and V/sub TH-/ wave-pipelining techniques to reduce power in standby mode and maintain/improve active-mode circuit speed. An analytical formula for optimum transistor sizing in the proposed dynamic logic scheme is derived and validated. It is demonstrated that the proposed schemes become very attractive for wide datapath designs in future aggressively scaled SOI technology.
Object-oriented databases: design and implementation (1991)

Object-oriented database systems (OODBS), which aim at meeting the data modeling, performance, cooperative design, and version management requirements of next-generation applications, such as CAD, CAM, CASE, hypermedia, and expert systems, are discussed. Key features of OODBS are presented, a taxonomy of approaches is provided, and architectural and implementation issues, design alternatives, and tradeoffs are examined. A variety of OODB systems, both research prototypes and commercial systems, are summarized. Industry efforts to accelerate a consensus that can lead to standards in the OODB are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy-Harvesting Wearables for Activity-Aware Services (2015)

Recent advancements in energy-harvesting hardware have created an opportunity for realizing batteryless wearables for continuous and pervasive human activity recognition (HAR). Unfortunately, power consumption of accelerometers used in conventional HAR is relatively high compared to the amount of power that can be harvested practically, which limits the usefulness of energy harvesting. Here, the authors present and evaluate a novel energy-harvesting wearable sensor architecture, HAR from Kinetic Energy (HARKE), that doesn't require using an accelerometer. Using off-the-shelf products, the authors demonstrate that the voltage of a kinetic harvester exhibits distinguishable patterns to distinctly infer human activities. Their results demonstrate that HARKE is as accurate as an accelerometer-based HAR system, yet consumes only a small fraction of the limited harvested energy.
Variable thermal expansion of glass-ceramics containing Ba1−xSrxZn2Si2O7 (2017)

Up to now, the thermal expansion behavior of multiphase glass-ceramics cannot be predicted reliably because of the nescience about the formation of the type and concentration of crystalline phases. In the system BaO-SrO-ZnO-SiO<sub>2</sub>, recently a new phase based on Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> solid solutions was found, which exhibits unexpected low and highly anisotropic thermal expansion, which can be used for an adjustment of the thermal expansion properties. In the case of sealing materials for high-temperature reactors, the formation of this phase should be avoided. Hence, in this manuscript the concentration thresholds in which these solid solutions precipitate from glasses were determined. The phase analysis was correlated with the thermal expansion behavior of the glass-ceramics. Depending on the Ba/Sr-ratio of the glasses and the considered temperature range, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the glass-ceramics vary between 19.4·10<sup>-6</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> and 4.8·10<sup>-6</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>. The concentration thresholds in which the as mentioned phases form via crystallization of glasses differ strongly from the literature values obtained via conventional ceramic mixed oxide route.
<title>Shaped-field eddy-current sensors and arrays</title> (2002)

Shaped-field eddy current Meandering Winding Magnetometer (MWM) sensors and MWM-Arrays, designed to fit physical models provide new inspection capabilities for materials characterization, quality control, and damage detection in aerospace structures. Accurate modeling is enabled by designing primary winding distributions that create either a spatially periodic magnetic field or a single period shaped- field. Accurate modeling of the sensor response permits absolute property measurements with minimal calibration, e.g., calibration in air without a reference standard. This paper will provide an overview of shaped-field eddy- current sensors and their use in several aerospace applications. In one group of applications, the sensors are permanently mounted on test components and can be mounted on actual structures for on-line fatigue damage monitoring. This supports the damage tolerance and retirement for cause methods for life extension and safe operation of numerous commercial and military aircraft, particularly in locations where the high cost of inspection is associated with disassembly and surface preparation. This capability can also be used to make damage standards having known flaws, including representative crack clusters. In a second group of applications, scanning of inductive element arrays permit high-resolution wide-area imaging of the properties revealing quality, damage state, or spatial variations of properties of conductive and magnetic materials. Model-based inversion methods convert each sensing element response into property measurements and permit independent property and lift-off measurements with each element. Furthermore, new MWM sensors incorporating giant magnetoresistive sensors allow low frequency measurements, even down to dc. This permits inspection for hidden cracks or hidden corrosion in thick multilayer structures.
Network-Cognizant Voltage Droop Control for Distribution Grids (2017)

This paper examines distribution systems that have a high integration level of distributed energy resources (DERs), and addresses the design of local control methods for real-time voltage regulation. Particularly, the paper focuses on proportional control strategies wherein the active and reactive power output of DERs are adjusted in response to (and proportionally to) local changes in voltage levels. The design of the voltage-active power and voltage-reactive power characteristics leverages suitable linear approximations of the ac power flow equations and is network-cognizant; that is, the coefficients of the controllers embed information on the location of the DERs and forecasted noncontrollable loads/injections and, consequently, on the effect of DERs power adjustments on the overall voltage profile. A robust approach is pursued to cope with uncertainty in the forecasted noncontrollable loads/power injections. The stability of the proposed local controllers is analytically assessed and numerically corroborated.
Insulin analogues with improved absorption characteristics. (1992)

The insulin preparations available today are not ideal for therapy as s.c. injection does not provide a physiological insulin profile. With the aim to improve the absorption properties recombinant DNA technology has been utilized to design novel insulin molecules with changed physico-chemical characteristics and hence altered subcutaneous absorption kinetics. Soluble, long-acting human insulin analogues in which the isoelectric point has been increased from 5.4 to approx. 7 are absorbed very slowly, providing a more constant basal insulin delivery with lower day-to-day variation than present protracted preparations. In addition they have better storage stability. Rapid-acting human insulin analogues with largely reduced self-association are absorbed substantially faster from subcutaneous tissue than current regular insulin and thus are better suited for bolus injection. The absorption kinetics of these analogues have been able to explain the mechanism behind the dose effect on insulin absorption rate.
Log mining to improve the performance of site search (2005)

Despite of the popularity of global search engines,people still suffer from low accuracy of site search. Theprimary reason lies in the difference of link structuresand data scale between global Web and website, whichleads to failures of traditional re-ranking methods suchas HITS, PageRank and DirectHit. This paper proposes anovel re-ranking method based on user logs withinwebsites. With the help of website taxonomy, we mine forgeneralized association rules and abstract accesspatterns of different levels. Mining results aresubsequently used to re-rank the retrieved pages. One ofthe advantages of our mining algorithm is that it resolvesthe diversity problem of user's access behavior anddiscovers general patterns. Experiment shows that theproposed method outperforms keyword-based method by15% and DirectHit by 13% respectively.
New temperature and metals emissions monitoring technologies for furnaces (1995)

New technologies have been successfully tested for continuous real time monitoring of temperature and hazardous metals emissions in a DC graphite electrode arc furnace that is being evaluated for mixed waste processing.An active millimeterwave pyrometer with rotatable graphite waveguide/mirror optics inside the furnace has proven to be a robust, spatially resolved temperature monitor of the molten slag and refractory surfaces even during waste feeding operations when dense smoke is present.The active probe beam provides additional information on surface emissivities.A microwave plasma torch constructed of refractory materials has been implemented as part of the furnace exhaust duct up stream of the scrubbers to sample high temperature, > 500 'C, undiluted exhaust gases.It has proven to be a robust gas excitation device for sensitive in situ atomic emission spectroscopy (in the part per billion range) of metals entrained in the exhaust emissions.
Pulsed neutron interrogation for detection of concealed special nuclear materials (2006)

A new neutron interrogation technique for detection of concealed Special Nuclear Material (SNM) is described. This technique is a combination of timing techniques from pulsed prompt gamma neutron activation analysis with silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor fast neutron detector technology. SiC detectors are a new class of radiation detectors that are ultra-fast and capable of processing high count rates. SiC detectors can operate during and within nanoseconds of the end of an intense neutron pulse, providing the ability to detect the prompt neutron emissions from fission events produced by the neutrons in concealed SNM on a much faster pulsing time scale than has been achieved by other techniques. Neutron-induced fission neutrons in <sup>235</sup>U have been observed in the time intervals between pulses of 14-MeV neutrons from a deuterium-tritium electronic neutron generator. Initial measurements have emphasized the detection of SNM using thermal-neutron induced fission. Neutron pulsing and time-sequenced neutron counts were carried out on a hundreds of microseconds time scale, enabling the observation of prompt fission neutrons induced by the die-away of thermal neutrons following the 14-MeV pulse. A discussion of pulsed prompt-neutron measurements and of SiC detectors as well as initial measurement results will be presented.
Creep Resistant Mg Alloy Development (2000)

The objective of this alloy development has been to improve the corrosion resistance of AS21, without impairing the other properties of the alloy. This has been done by exchanging Mn with RE elements, based on the mutually limited solubility of Mn and RE in the AS-based alloys.
Low delay burst erasure correcting codes for packet transmission (2003)

We present a bound relating the decoding delay, correctable burst length and rate of any erasure correcting code. Next we describe a new code construction which is optimal in the sense that the proposed codes have the shortest possible decoding delay allowed by our bound. These "maximally short" codes provide a useful tool to mitigate packet loss in delay sensitive applications.
Intraoperative optical coherence tomography with 4D visualization of surgical maneuvers and quantitative measurements of intraocular structures (2022)

Ophthalmic microsurgery involves the manipulation of thin, semi-transparent structures and has traditionally been performed using stereoscopic microscopes that provide an en face view of the surgical field. However, new therapeutic interventions such as subretinal injections require precise tool placement and dosing that are difficult to determine from the traditional microscope view. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides micron scale cross-sectional imaging and has become a gold standard in clinical ophthalmology settings, but its use in surgery has been more limited. The high-speed 400 kHz intraoperative system presented here provides valuable image guidance and quantitative metrics for a variety of human surgeries.
Photopolymerization of Novel Degradable Networks for Orthopedic Applications (1997)

Multifunctional anhydride monomers (and oligomers) were developed that react to form highly crosslinked polyanhydride networks. Functionalized monomers (and oligomers) of sebacic acid and 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane were synthesized and subsequently photopolymerized. The high concentration of double bonds in the system and the multifunctional nature of the monomer (two double bonds per monomer molecule) led to the formation of a highly crosslinked polymer system in a period of seconds, depending on the initiation rate. Because the crosslinks were hydrolyzable anhydride linkages, the material remained biodegradable and the rate of degradation could be controlled by changes in the network composition and the crosslinking density. The high degree of crosslinking facilitated enhancement of mechanical properties (as compared to their linear counterparts) and also promoted a surface controlled degradation mechanism. The ability to photoinitiate the polymerization could lead to a new generation of orthopaedic implants that would provide surgeons with tremendous ease of placement and greater flexibility in design of fracture fixation systems.
Evaluation of semiochemical toxicity to <i>Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus</i> and <i>Anopheles quadrimaculatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) (2010)

Quantification of LC(50) values of several semiochemicals against Ae. Aegypti, An. quadrimaculatus and Ae. albopioctus showed that semiochemicals not only modify insect behaviors but also hold potential as potent insecticides for mosquito control programs.
Analysis of DNA Sequencing Reaction Products Made with 7-Halo-7-deaza-2′-deoxyguanosine-5′-triphosphate (1999)

Abstract 7-Chloro- and 7- Iodo-7-Deaza-2′-Deoxyguanosine-5′-Triphosphates were employed as substrates replacing dGTP, dITP, or 7-Deaza-2′-Deoxyguanosine-5′-Triphosphate in sequencing reactions with Thermo SequenaseTM. Analysis of the reaction products by denaturing gel electrophoresis indicates DNA containing these halogenated analogs can form strong secondary structures.
Ets Factors Regulate Neural Stem Cell Depletion and Gliogenesis in Ras Pathway Glioma (2016)

(Cell Reports 12, 258–271; Published July 2, 2015) In the originally published version of this paper, the grant number for the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine was omitted. The corresponding grant number (RM1-01735) has been added to the Acknowledgments and now appears with the corrected article online. The authors regret this error. Ets Factors Regulate Neural Stem Cell Depletion and Gliogenesis in Ras Pathway GliomaBreunig et al.Cell ReportsJuly 2, 2015In BriefBreunig et al. report that increased Ras signaling functions to deplete neural stem cells and expand glial progenitors in gliomagenesis. Inhibition of the upregulated Ets signaling downstream of Ras is sufficient to inhibit glioma formation by attenuating the gliogenesis necessary for tumor propagation. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Abstract 3852: U3-1784, a human anti-FGFR4 antibody for the treatment of cancer (2016)

Abstract Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4) is the fourth member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. All of the FGFR's have been implicated in cancer development due to increased activation of their enzymatic activity either by gene mutation, over-expression or inadvertent ligand-mediated stimulation. One important alteration that may lead to FGFR4 activation in cancer is the overexpression of its ligand FGF19 in 20-40% of primary liver cancer. Here, we report the development of U3-1784, a phage display-derived fully human antibody that specifically binds to FGFR4 but not to isoforms of FGFR1-3. The antibody binds to an epitope in the putative ligand binding domain of the receptor and consequently inhibits ligand binding and downstream signaling. In a panel of 10 tumor models derived from hepatocellular carcinoma, U3-1784 significantly inhibits the growth of FGF19-expressing models up to 90% whereas models without FGF19 expression are insensitive. These results strongly suggest that the FGFR4/FGF19 axis is an oncogenic driver in hepatocellular carcinoma. U3-1784 is currently in phase I clinical trials. Citation Format: Rene Bartz, Keisuke Fukuchi, Tanja Lange, Katrin Gruner, Toshiaki Ohtsuka, Ichiro Watanabe, Shinko Hayashi, Mauricio Redondo-Müller, Mizuki Takahashi, Toshinori Agatsuma, Johannes Bange, Reimar Abraham. U3-1784, a human anti-FGFR4 antibody for the treatment of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3852.
Improved seam carving for image resizing (2010)

As displays become cheaper and are incorporated into more and more devices, there has been an increased focus on image resizing techniques to fill an image to an arbitrary screen size. Traditional methods such as cropping or resampling can introduce undesirable losses in information or distortion in perception. Recently, content-aware image retargeting methods have been proposed ([1][2][4][6][7]) which produce exceptional results. In particular, seam carving, proposed by Avidan and Shamir, has gained attention as an effective solution. However, there are many cases where it can fail. In this paper we propose an improved seam carving algorithm which incorporates antialiasing and thresholding techniques. Experiments have demonstrated superior performance over the current seam carving methods.
Cover Picture: Towards the Efficient, Total Glycan Utilization of Biomass (ChemSusChem 5/2009) (2009)

Abstract The cover picture shows common sources of waste biomass (agricultural, municipal, forestry) being processed into a mixture of substituted furans in the biomass digester described by M. Mascal and E. B. Nikitin in their Communication on page 423. The method is remarkably simple and is based on a biphasic reactor incorporating a solvent extraction loop. Isolated product yields from raw biomass approach 90 % of the theoretical, from which can be derived new generation “furanoline” biofuels such as 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural and 5‐methylfurfural, as well as the value‐added products furfural and levulinic acid (picture courtesy of Gorkem Gunbas, Department of Chemistry, UC Davis). magnified image
A Fully Automated Method for Quantitative Cerebral Hemodynamic Analysis Using DSC–MRI (2010)

Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-based perfusion analysis from MR images has become an established method for analysis of cerebral blood volume (CBV) in glioma patients. To date, little emphasis has, however, been placed on quantitative perfusion analysis of these patients, mainly due to the associated increased technical complexity and lack of sufficient stability in a clinical setting. The aim of our study was to develop a fully automated analysis framework for quantitative DSC-based perfusion analysis. The method presented here generates quantitative hemodynamic maps without user interaction, combined with automatic segmentation of normal-appearing cerebral tissue. Validation of 101 patients with confirmed glioma after surgery gave mean values for CBF, CBV, and MTT, extracted automatically from normal-appearing whole-brain white and gray matter, in good agreement with literature values. The measured age- and gender-related variations in the same parameters were also in agreement with those in the literature. Several established analysis methods were compared and the resulting perfusion metrics depended significantly on method and parameter choice. In conclusion, we present an accurate, fast, and automatic quantitative perfusion analysis method where all analysis steps are based on raw DSC data only.
SSZ‐27: A Small‐Pore Zeolite with Large Heart‐Shaped Cavities Determined by Using Multi‐crystal Electron Diffraction (2019)

Abstract The high‐silica zeolite SSZ‐27 was synthesized using one of the isomers of the organic structure‐directing agent that is known to produce the large‐pore zeolite SSZ‐26 ( CON ). The structure of the as‐synthesized form was solved using multi‐crystal electron diffraction data. Data were collected on eighteen crystals, and to obtain a high‐quality and complete data set for structure refinement, hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to select the data sets most suitable for merging. The framework structure of SSZ‐27 can be described as a combination of two types of cavities, one of which is shaped like a heart. The cavities are connected through shared 8‐ring windows to create straight channels that are linked together in pairs to form a one‐dimensional channel system. Once the framework structure was known, molecular modelling was used to find the best fitting isomer, and this, in turn, was isolated to improve the synthesis conditions for SSZ‐27.
Antitumor Agents 295. E-Ring Hydroxylated Antofine and Cryptopleurine Analogues as Antiproliferative Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Mechanistic Studies (2012)

Various E-ring hydroxylated antofine and cryptopleurine analogues were designed, synthesized, and tested against five human cancer cell lines. Interesting structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations were found among these new compounds. The most potent compound 13b was further tested against a series of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in which it showed impressive antiproliferative activity. Mechanistic studies revealed that 13b is able to down-regulate HSP90 and β-catenin in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a potential use for treating hedgehog pathway-driven tumorigenesis.