gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tacrolimus (FK506) (1997)

Tacrolimus (FK506) is a macrolide immunosuppressant approved for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in liver transplant. Immunoassays of low intra- and interday variability and high sensitivity are necessary to adequately characterize terminal elimination phase concentrations in pharmacokinetic studies. A new ELISA kit for the quantitation of tacrolimus in human whole blood has been validated for use in pharmacokinetic studies. Methanol sample extracts were dried and reconstituted in a horseradish peroxidase (HPR)-FK506 conjugate solution. The reconstituted samples and mouse anti-FK506 were added to a microplate, precoated with secondary antibody, and incubated, FK506 and the HPR-FK506 conjugate competed to bind with anti-FK506, which was immobilized by binding to the secondary antibody. Unbound FK506 was washed away, and substrate was added for color development. Once the reaction was stopped with 2 N H2SO4, the plate was read at 450 nm. The linear range was 0.5-60 ng/ml, with a limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/ml. Interday precision and accuracy were < or = 10.4% C.V. and < or = 3% R.E. for quality control samples. The lack of interference from endogenous compounds was established by parallelism and recoveries of FK506 from six lots of control matrix. Cross-reactivity against the metabolites and analogs were not performed because the kit monoclonal antibody was from the same source as Kobayashi et al (1). The utility and sensitivity of the kit present a good method for the quantitation of tacrolimus in blood from pharmacokinetic studies. The method is robust and has been used to assay tacrolimus in several thousand whole blood samples by multiple analysts.
Open reading frame L1 of Marek's disease herpesvirus is not essential for in vitro and in vivo virus replication and establishment of latency. (1998)

Two mutant CV1988 Marek's disease virus (MDV) strains were developed in which a part of ORF L1 was replaced by lacZ with the SV40 early promoter. These mutant strains, CVIL1LacZ-A and -B, were inoculated into chickens to test the hypothesis that ORF L1 is involved in the induction and/or maintenance of latency. Mutant virus could be reisolated from lymphocytes obtained from chickens during both the lytic and latent phase of infection, indicating that ORF L1 is not essential for the induction and/or maintenance of latency or the reactivation from latency. Beta-galactosidase-positive lymphocytes were detected during the latent infection demonstrating that the SV40 early promoter can be active in recombinant MDV strains during latent infection. Although the insertion of lacZ was stable in cell culture, recombination within lacZ and the BamHI-L fragment was observed during in vivo infection.
Synthesis of Allyl and Alkyl Vinyl Ethers Using an in Situ Prepared Air-Stable Palladium Catalyst. Efficient Transfer Vinylation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols (2003)

An air-stable palladium catalyst formed in situ from commercially available components efficiently catalyzed the transfer vinylation between butyl vinyl ether and various allyl and alkyl alcohols to give the corresponding allyl and alkyl vinyl ethers in 61-98% yield in a single step.
Powder Characterization (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Chemical Composition and Surface Characterization Particle Sizing and Data Interpretation Physical Properties Summary References
Inhibition of the alternative complement pathway by antisense oligonucleotides targeting complement factor B improves lupus nephritis in mice (2015)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that manifests in widespread complement activation and deposition of complement fragments in the kidney. The complement pathway is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis and in the development of lupus nephritis. Complement factor B is an important activator of the alternative complement pathway and increasing evidence supports reducing factor B as a potential novel therapy to lupus nephritis. Here we investigated whether pharmacological reduction of factor B expression using antisense oligonucleotides could be an effective approach for the treatment of lupus nephritis. We identified potent and well tolerated factor B antisense oligonucleotides that resulted in significant reductions in hepatic and plasma factor B levels when administered to normal mice. To test the effects of factor B antisense oligonucleotides on lupus nephritis, we used two different mouse models, NZB/W F1 and MRL/lpr mice, that exhibit lupus nephritis like renal pathology. Antisense oligonucleotides mediated reductions in circulating factor B levels were associated with significant improvements in renal pathology, reduced glomerular C3 deposition and proteinuria, and improved survival. These data support the strategy of using factor B antisense oligonucleotides for treatment of lupus nephritis in humans.
Investigation of GDOP for Precise user Position Computation with all Satellites in view and Optimum four Satellite Configurations (2009)

The advent of Global Positioning System (GPS) has revolutionized the field of navigation particularly in the field of civil aviation sector. The accuracy of GPS system is affected by several factors. One such factor is satellite Geometry, which represents the geometric locations of the GPS satellites as seen by GPS receiver. This plays a very important role in determining the total positioning accuracy. Better the geometry, better the position accuracy. The Satellite Geometry effect can be measured by a single dimensionless number called Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP). Lower the GDOP value, better the satellite Geometry. GPS requires minimum of four satellites to compute user position. When more number of satellites are in view, best four satellites are taken in order to reduce the redundancy. With four satellites, best geometry is obtained when one of the satellites is at the zenith and remaining three forms an equilateral triangle and all the four together forms a tetrahedron structure. The larger the volume of the tetrahedron, the better is the value of GDOP. Similarly, greater the number of satellites, better the value of GDOP. Practically, GDOP ranges from 2 to 6. Monitoring of GDOP is also an important aspect for high-precision applications such as surveying and Integrity monitoring in the GPS receivers. For making use of GPS for en-route and Precision Approach (PA) aircraft landings over the Indian subcontinent, the aspect of best GDOP value to be used in the user position computation is investigated which is obtained due to all the satellites in view or best four satellites in this paper. A new algorithm is proposed to compute various GDOP. Analysis is made by computing the best GDOP due to four optimum satellites as well as for all the satellites in view. The dual frequency GPS receiver data of IISC, Bangalore (13.02 o / 77.57 o Lat./Long.) is used for investigation of best GDOP configuration to be used in user position
Efficient Selective Repeat ARQ Strategies for Very Noisy and Fluctuating Channels (1985)

This paper investigates memory and selective repeat ARQ techniques when channels in both directions are very noisy. It demonstrates that a difficulty arises when memory ARQ is used in these situations, and proposes a remedy-the similarity test. The paper considers a combination of both memory ARQ techniques where an unacknowledged block is retransmitted exactly as before, and modified memory ARQ where alternate transmissions together form a rate 1/2 code. The following items are featured. 1) Discussion and analysis of the similarity test. 2) A memory ARQ technique which employs double null zone reception and 3 bits of past information storage per binary digit. 3) For modified memory ARQ procedures, a discussion of how to resolve problems of confusing the identity of the two halves of the rate 1/2 code used.
Photoprotective and Antiinflammatory Effects of Topical Glycolic Acid (1996)

When UVB-burned skin was treated with glycolic acid daily for 7 days (site 2), a 16% reduction in irritation was observed compared to nontreated skin (site 1), implying that skin healed sooner when treated with glycolic acid. When a comparison of nontreated skin was made to skin treated with glycolic acid for 3 weeks prior to UVB exposure (site 1 vs site 3), a sun protection factor (SPF) of 2.4 was achieved. When a comparison of skin treated for 3 weeks was made to skin treated for 3 weeks and chemically peeled (site 3 vs site 4) the data implied that the chemical peel reduced the SPF value of skin treated with glycolic by approximately 50%, however, an SPF trend of 1.7 was still obtained when compared with untreated skin. CONCLUSIONS. The studies demonstrated that topical glycolic acid provides a photoprotective effect to pretreated skin yielding an SPF of approximately 2.4. In addition, when glycolic acid is applied to irradiated skin, it accelerates resolution of erythema. The data obtained from both studies support the hypothesis that glycolic acids acts as an antioxidant.
An exploration of improving collaborative recommender systems via user-item subgroups (2012)

Collaborative filtering (CF) is one of the most successful recommendation approaches. It typically associates a user with a group of like-minded users based on their preferences over all the items, and recommends to the user those items enjoyed by others in the group. However we find that two users with similar tastes on one item subset may have totally different tastes on another set. In other words, there exist many user-item subgroups each consisting of a subset of items and a group of like-minded users on these items. It is more natural to make preference predictions for a user via the correlated subgroups than the entire user-item matrix. In this paper, to find meaningful subgroups, we formulate the Multiclass Co-Clustering (MCoC) problem and propose an effective solution to it. Then we propose an unified framework to extend the traditional CF algorithms by utilizing the subgroups information for improving their top-N recommendation performance. Our approach can be seen as an extension of traditional clustering CF models. Systematic experiments on three real world data sets have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
A framework for quality-adaptive media streaming--encode once, stream anywhere (2004)

This dissertation presents a general design strategy for streaming media applications in best effort computing and networking environments. Our target application scenario is video streaming using commodity computers and the Internet. In this scenario, where resource reservations and admission control mechanisms are generally not available, effective streaming should be able to adapt to variations in bandwidth in a responsive and graceful manner. The design strategy we propose is based on a single simple idea, adaptation by priority data dropping, or priority drop for short. We evaluate the efficacy of priority drop in the video and networking domains. 
For video, we show how common compression formats can be extended to support priority drop, thereby becoming streaming friendly. In particular, we demonstrate that priority-drop video allows adaptation over a wide range of rates and with fine granularity, and that the adaptation is tailorable through declarative adaptation-policy specifications. Our main technical contribution is to show how to express adaptation policies and how to do priority-mapping, an automatic translation from adaptation policies to priority assignments on the basic units of video. 
In the networking component of this thesis, we present two versions of Priority-Progress Streaming, a real-time best-effort streaming protocol. The basic version does classic unicast streaming for video on demand style streaming applications. The extended version supports efficient broadcast style streaming, through a multi-rate multicast overlay. 
We have implemented a prototype video streaming system that combines priority-drop video, priority mapping, and the Priority-Progress Streaming proctocols. The system demonstrates the following advantages of our approach: (a) it maintains timeliness of the stream in the face of rate fluctuations in the network, (b) it utilizes available bandwidth fully thereby maximizing the average video quality, (c) it starts video display quickly after the user initiates the stream, and (d) it limits the number of quality changes that occur. In summary, we will show that priority-drop is very effective: a single video source can be streamed across a wide range of network bandwidths, and on networks saturated with competing traffic, all the while maintaining real-time performance and gracefully adapting quality.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoxalines by Cyclization of α‐Arylimino Oximes of α‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantitative EEG during controlled hypoglycaemia in diabetic and non‐diabetic children (1998)

We investigated quantitative EEG in 19 diabetic children (mean age 14.2 (SD 1.4) years, mean HbA1C 9.8 (SD 1.2) % and 17 non-diabetic children (14.3 (1.1) years) during and after a gradual reduction in plasma glucose with the glucose clamp technique. The amplitudes of the EEG frequency bands at each glucose level were compared to the registration prior to hypoglycaemia. At plasma glucose ∼ 4 mmol l−1, a small increase in delta (p < 0.05) and theta (p <0.01) amplitude appeared in the combined diabetic and control group. At ∼ 3 mmol l−1, and at glucose nadir, a further and widespread increase in low-frequency EEG activity was observed. In diabetic and non-diabetic subgroups with similar glucose nadirs, the diabetic children had more delta (p < 0.01) and theta (p < 0.01) activity, and more epileptiform activity (p < 0.05), than the non-diabetic children. In the non-diabetic subjects, but not in the diabetic subjects, the increase in delta and theta activity correlated with a hypoglycaemic symptom score ( r = 0.75, p = 0.001 and r = 0.77, p < 0.0005, respectively). In conclusion, EEG changes are detectable already at plasma glucose ∼ 4 mmol −1 in children. EEG deterioration during hypoglycaemia is more pronounced in diabetic than in non-diabetic children. The increase in cerebral disturbances is not accompanied by an increment in hypoglycaemic symptoms in diabetic children. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COURSE AND PROGNOSIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ASSESSED BY THE COMPUTERIZED DATA PROCESSING OF 349 PATIENTS (1980)

The information of 349 cases of multiple sclerosis, seen in a neurological department over a twenty-year period and followed up for a mean of nine years, was analysed by computerized data processing. The mean age at onset was 30.0 years for the remittent onset types (82 per cent cases) and 37.3 years for the progressive onset types (18 per cent cases). During the course of the disease the age of the 'pure relapse' stage was 29.2 years, of the relapse with sequelae stage 33.9 years and of the progressive phase 38.0 years. The interval between the first two relapses in the remittent-progressive type was important, the shorter the interval the sooner the progressive phase occurred. The relapses tended to increase in frequency before the progressive phase started. Using an actuarial graph, 50 per cent of cases could be expected to be moderately disabled (still ambulatory) in six years, and severely disabled (not ambulatory) in eighteen years and dead in thirty years. Combining a disability score and the duration of the disease prognostic factors could be studied. A late onset of the disease, a short interval between the first two relapses and the occurrence of the progressive phase were associated with a poor outcome. Sex of patient, the symptomatology of the initial relapses, and the constituents of the CSF had no prognostic value.
Robust automatic video-conferencing with multiple cameras and microphones (2002)

An automatic video-conferencing system is proposed which employs acoustic source localization, video face tracking and pose estimation, and multi-channel speech enhancement. The video portion of the system tracks talkers by utilizing source motion, contour geometry, color data and simple facial features. Decisions involving which camera to use are based on an estimate of the head's gazing angle. This head pose estimation is achieved using a very general head model which employs hairline features and a learned network classification procedure. Finally, a wavelet microphone array technique is used to create an enhanced speech waveform to accompany the recorded video signal. The system presented in this paper is robust to both visual clutter (e.g. ovals in the scene of interest which are not faces) and audible noise (e.g. reverberations and background noise).
Research on the DHT algorithm chord (2007)

Chord which used in structured P2P network is a successful routing algorithm based on DHT (Distributed Hash Table). In Chord nodes locate along the Chord ring by being assigned the node identifiers and data store in corresponding nodes with key identifier. Finger table is built in each node and is maintained when nodes join and depart. The problems in Chord are unidirectional clockwise routing along ring and information redundancy in routing table. An improved method is presented which is bidirectional routing table. Routing can perform along clockwise and anticlockwise according to the locations of the current node and destination node. The next hop direction is optimization that the next node is the nearest one apart from the destination node. This strategy limits the search area in half-ring, reduces the average hops and enhances the search efficiency. The redundancy routing information is deleted in order to decrease the added storage space in bidirectional routing table, thus the items share the routing information.
Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) - Tailored Composites Through Micromechanical Modeling (1998)

Peer Reviewed
Vaccino in gravidanza per prevenire la bronchiolite da VRS nei lattanti: i risultati di un RCT di fase 3 (2023)

Vaccine in pregnancy to prevent VRS bronchiolitis in infants: results of a phase 3 RCT Sponsored by Pfizer, this multicenter, double-blind phase 3 RCT conducted in 18 countries from 2020 to 2022 in 4 seasons (two in the Northern Hemisphere and two in the Southern Hemisphere) tested the efficacy of the bivalent RSVpreF vaccine in pregnant women (3.682 intervention group, 3.676 control group) on the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (VRS)-associated lower respiratory tract infections in their offspring by 180 days of age. Hospitalizations were not considered as the primary endpoint but VRS infections in general and, distinctly, severe VRS infections. Severe lower respiratory tract VRS infections occurred within 90 days in 6 children of vaccinated mothers and in 33 children of mothers who received placebo (vaccine efficacy 81.8%; 99.5%IC 40.6-96.3; statistically significant), within 180 days in 19 children of vaccinated mothers and in 62 children of mothers who received placebo (vaccine efficacy 69.4%; 97.58%IC 44.3-84.1). Lower respiratory tract VRS infections occurred within 90 days in 24 offspring of vaccinated mothers and in 56 offspring of mothers who received placebo (vaccine efficacy 57.1%; 99.5%IC 14.7-79.8 not statistically significant), within 180 days in 57 offspring of vaccinated mothers and in 117 offspring of mothers who received placebo (vaccine efficacy 51.3%; 97.58% CI, 29.4 to 66.8). The incidence of severe adverse effects in children up to 2 years old was similar in the two groups. 201 children (5.6%) were born prematurely to vaccinated mothers versus 169 children (4.7%) in the placebo group; the difference was not statistically significant. A vaccine very similar to the one under study produced by GSK was withdrawn in February 2022 due to an increased risk of preterm birth in the vaccine arm. Since both preterm births and low birth weight were considered secondary safety endpoints and not primary safety endpoints doubts remain with respect to the safety of the RSVpreF vaccine, and several scholars have asked Pfizer to investigate this further.
Sociology and Service-Learning (2023)

This chapter draws attention to some of the pitfalls in the hope that recognizing them will make it easier to avoid or counteract them in educators' teaching. It offers some concrete suggestions as to how educators might structure the service-learning experience to ensure that it enhances, rather than undermines, sociological understanding and the critical consciousness that is central to that understanding. Advocates of experiential learning typically maintain that experience itself is a valuable source of knowledge and understanding. Feminist sociologists, in particular, are committed to a pedagogy that helps all students — but especially women — “problematize” societal gender proscriptions and examine in a critical way their own gender role learning. The goals of service-learning are not obviously compatible with such a pedagogy, particularly where female students are concerned.
Biological super-resolution imaging by using novel microsphere-embedded coverslips (2015)

Optical super-resolution imaging is a desirable technique in many fields, including medical and material sciences and nanophotonics. We demonstrated feasibility of optical microscopy, with resolution improvement by a factor of 2-3, by using microsphere-embedded coverslips composed of barium titanate glass microspheres (refractive index <i>n</i>~1.9-2.1) fixed in a transparent layer of polydimethylsiloxane. Imaging was performed by a conventional microscope and a fluorescent microscope with the microsphere-embedded layer placed in a contact position with various biological specimens and semiconductor nanostructures. We investigated a biomedical application of microsphere-assisted imaging technique by immunostaining of kidney sections where cellular distribution of a motor protein Myo1c and a podocyte specific protein ZO-1 was analyzed. A significant visual enhancement in the distribution pattern of the proteins was noted in the stained glomeruli by using microsphere-assisted imaging technique. Our results suggest that microsphere-assisted imaging technique is a promising candidate for applications in medical and cancer research, as well as in microfluidics and nanophotonics.