gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Development of ONC1-13B, Novel Antiandrogen for Prostate Cancer Treatment (2014)

Recently new drugs targeting androgen-dependent axis have been approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) - Zytiga and Xtandi (formerly MDV3100), several other candidates (for example, ARN-509) are in early phases of clinical trials. However despite significant improvement in overall survival with new treatments it is evident that resistance to these drugs develops. One of the approaches to overcome it is combination therapy and from this point of view some potential for drug-drug interactions can limit the application of the drug. We describe here the preclinical development of ONC1-13B, antagonist of androgen receptor, with similar to MDV3100 and ARN-509 mechanism of action. It efficiently inhibits DHT-stimulated PSA expression and proliferation of prostate cancer cells, prevents binding of androgens to the AR ligand-binding domain, androgen-stimulated AR nuclear translocation and coactivator complex formation. In the LnCaP-Z2 xenograft model of prostate cancer ONC1-13B inhibits tumor growth and suppresses PSA expression. The in vivo activity of ONC1-13B is comparable to that of MDV3100 at similar doses, and even higher, calculated per unit of concentration in plasma. Distribution of ONC1-13B to the brain is less than that shown for MDV3100 and ARN-509, decreasing the risk of GABA-related seizure development. Additionally ONC1-13B induces significantly lower in vitro CYP3A activity than for example MDV3100 (known strong CYP3A inducer) or ARN-509 and could be well suited for co-therapy with drugs that are known CYP3A substrates. Thus ONC1-13B is a new promising antiandrogen demonstrating high efficacy in a preclinical model of prostate cancer, with lower potential for seizures and drug-drug interaction.
Identification of transcription factors associated with castration‐resistance: Is the serum responsive factor a potential therapeutic target? (2013)

SRF is a key TF by which resistant cells survive with depleted levels of androgens representing a target for therapeutic manipulation.
Electroluminescent devices formed using semiconductor nanocrystals as an electron transport media and method of making such electroluminescent devices (2023)

An electroluminescent device is described, as well as a method of making same, wherein the device is characterized by a semiconductor nanocrystal electron transport layer capable of emitting visible light in response to a voltage applied to the device. The wavelength of the light emitted by the device may be changed by changing either the size or the type of semiconductor nanocrystals used in forming the electron transport layer. In a preferred embodiment the device is further characterized by the capability of emitting visible light of varying wavelengths in response to changes in the voltage applied to the device. The device comprises a hole processing structure capable of injecting and transporting holes, and usually comprising a hole injecting layer and a hole transporting layer; an electron transport layer in contact with the hole processing structure and comprising one or more layers of semiconductor nanocrystals; and an electron injecting layer in contact with the electron transport layer for injecting electrons into the electron transport layer. The capability of emitting visible light of various wavelengths is principally based on the variations in voltage applied thereto, but the type of semiconductor nanocrystals used and the size of the semiconductor nanocrystals in the layers of semiconductor nanometer crystals may also play a role in color change, in combination with the change in voltage.
Channel estimation method with interference reductionfor high-ratepersonal area networks (2001)

A channel estimation technique with interference cancellation in a wireless personal area network system with complementary code keying signalling is described. The performance of the proposed coherent detector is compared with that of a non-coherent detector, and a significant performance improvement as a result of the self-interference cancellation feature is observed.
TLR9-Independent Activation of B Lymphocytes by Bacterial DNA (2006)

The intracellular Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is unique in its ability to recognize single-stranded DNA unmethylated at CpG motifs. Work from this laboratory showed that plasmid DNA is spontaneously internalized in B lymphocytes. This event is followed by the upregulation of costimulatory molecules and the acquisition of antigen presenting function by these cells. However, it is not known whether this phenomenon depends on TLR9. Because of the relevant role played by DNA-based drugs in immunotherapy and vaccination, and the central role of TLR9 signaling by CpG motifs, we decided to investigate whether signaling through TLR9 is a prerequisite for spontaneous transgenesis of lymphocytes. Here we found that transgene expression and upregulation of CD40 and CD86 costimulatory molecules was not inhibited by chloroquine treatment. Spontaneous transgenesis also occurred in B lymphocytes from TLR9-/- mice, and the injection of TLR9-/- transgenic B lymphocytes in C57Bl/6 mice induced both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses comparable to those induced by wild-type B lymphocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that plasmid DNA activates mammalian B lymphocytes through a TLR9 independent pathway.
Angle‐sensitive MRI for quantitative analysis of fiber‐network deformations in compressed cartilage (2013)

Assuming a "fascicle" model, the presented MRI method provides quantitative measures of structural adjustments in compressed cartilage. Our preliminary analysis suggests that cartilage fiber deformation includes both bending and crimping.
Clinical Significance of Programmed Death-1 Ligand-1 Expression in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A 5-year-follow-up Study (2012)

Up-regulated PD-L1 expression in NSCLC is related to the degree of tumor cell differentiation and TNM stage. PD-L1 status may be a new predictor of prognosis for patients with NSCLC.
Study of Signaling Overhead Caused by Keep-Alive Messages in LTE Network (2013)

Keep-alive messages generated from always-on type applications on smartphones can lead to frequent transitions between Long Term Evolution (LTE) Radio Resource Control (RRC) states, pushing significant increase of signaling traffic. In this paper, we investigate the performance of signaling overhead caused by keep-alive messages based on LTE RRC state transition procedure for various RRC inactivity timer settings. We propose a series of metrics for evaluating the signaling load in terms of system resource consumption on data and control channels for both uplink and downlink. The results show that although the RRC signaling overhead make keep-alive messages transmission with low efficiency, it will not consume the system resource dramatically and overload LTE network. The results also show that proper inactivity timer setting will reduce the signaling overhead and improve the efficiency of keep-alive messages transmission.
A view of automotive control systems (1988)

Some current applications for engine control are described. Advanced control schemes for future nonlinear, time-varying automotive systems are discussed. Representative examples for plant modeling, parameter and state estimation, and adaptive control are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interpretation of Oral Fluid Tests for Drugs of Abuse (2007)

Oral fluid testing for drugs of abuse offers significant advantages over urine as a test matrix. Collection can be performed under direct observation with reduced risk of adulteration and substitution. Drugs generally appear in oral fluid by passive diffusion from blood, but also may be deposited in the oral cavity during oral, smoked, and intranasal administration. Drug metabolites also can be detected in oral fluid. Unlike urine testing, there may be a close correspondence between drug and metabolite concentrations in oral fluid and in blood. Interpretation of oral fluid results for drugs of abuse should be an iterative process whereby one considers the test results in the context of program requirements and a broad scientific knowledge of the many factors involved in determining test outcome. This review delineates many of the chemical and metabolic processes involved in the disposition of drugs and metabolites in oral fluid that are important to the appropriate interpretation of oral fluid tests. Chemical, metabolic, kinetic, and analytic parameters are summarized for selected drugs of abuse, and general guidelines are offered for understanding the significance of oral fluid tests.
Real-Time Trainable Data Converters for General Purpose Applications (2018)

Data converters are ubiquitous in data-abundant systems, where they are heterogeneously distributed across the analog-digital interface. Unfortunately, conventional data converters trade off speed, power, and accuracy. Furthermore, intrinsic real-time and post-silicon variations dramatically degrade their performance. In this paper, we employ novel neuro-inspired approaches to design smart data converters that could be trained in real-time for general purpose applications, using machine learning algorithms and artificial neural network architectures. Our approach integrates emerging memristor technology with CMOS. This concept will pave the way towards adaptive interfaces with the continuous varying conditions of data driven applications.
COHERENCE DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS, A CASE STUDY IN THREE GORGES AREA, CHINA (2007)

SAR interferometric coherence losses are due to different decorrelation sources. In this paper, we decompose the coherence sources into surface and point-like components. Using the geometry relationship between two acquisitions and SRTM DEM, one can get the value of the geometrical coherence loss, which is the main part of surface coherence loss. After removing the coherence losses due to geometry and azimuth, temporal coherence can be obtained. Besides temporal coherence, point-like targets can be identified from the coherence decomposition analysis, in given spatial and temporal baseline conditions. The results are validated with optical images and Permanent Scatterers analyses.
Modeling of pattern-dependent on-chip interconnect geometry variation for deep-submicron process and design technology (2002)

A set of closed-form equations with calibrations based on test chip characterization is used to describe systematic geometry variation in submicron multilevel interconnect. Two predominant modes of systematic interconnect variation, dielectric thickness variation induced by pattern-dependency of Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) and metal width variation from lithography bias, the loading effect and the proximity effect, are modeled by the equations. In this paper we detail our process variation model and its calibration methodology. The model has extensive applications both in process control improvement and in the design automation of today's deep submicron design technology. As an example, this paper demonstrates that the model sufficiently improves the efficiency of CMP process control, the accuracy of interconnect capacitance extraction, and 3-/spl sigma/ estimation of interconnect capacitance and resistance variation.
Analysis of Metabolic Flux Phenotypes for Two Arabidopsis Mutants with Severe Impairment in Seed Storage Lipid Synthesis     (2009)

Major storage reserves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds are triacylglycerols (seed oils) and proteins. Seed oil content is severely reduced for the regulatory mutant wrinkled1 (wri1-1; At3g54320) and for a double mutant in two isoforms of plastidic pyruvate kinase (pkpbeta(1)pkpalpha; At5g52920 and At3g22960). Both already biochemically well-characterized mutants were now studied by (13)C metabolic flux analysis of cultured developing embryos based on comparison with their respective genetic wild-type backgrounds. For both mutations, in seeds as well as in cultured embryos, the oil fraction was strongly reduced while the fractions of proteins and free metabolites increased. Flux analysis in cultured embryos revealed changes in nutrient uptakes and fluxes into biomass as well as an increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle activity for both mutations. While in both wild types plastidic pyruvate kinase (PK(p)) provides most of the pyruvate for plastidic fatty acid synthesis, the flux through PK(p) is reduced in pkpbeta(1)pkpalpha by 43% of the wild-type value. In wri1-1, PK(p) flux is even more reduced (by 82%), although the genes PKpbeta(1) and PKpalpha are still expressed. Along a common paradigm of metabolic control theory, it is hypothesized that a large reduction in PK(p) enzyme activity in pkpbeta(1)pkpalpha has less effect on PK(p) flux than multiple smaller reductions in glycolytic enzymes in wri1-1. In addition, only in the wri1-1 mutant is the large reduction in PK(p) flux compensated in part by an increased import of cytosolic pyruvate and by plastidic malic enzyme. No such limited compensatory bypass could be observed in pkpbeta(1)pkpalpha.
Mutations in the COL5A1 gene are causal in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes I and II. (1997)

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous connective-tissue disorder of which at least nine subtypes are recognized. Considerable clinical overlap exists between the EDS I and II subtypes, suggesting that both are allelic disorders. Recent evidence based on linkage and transgenic mice studies suggest that collagen V is causally involved in human EDS. Collagen V forms heterotypic fibrils with collagen I in many tissues and plays an important role in collagen I fibrillogenesis. We have identified a mutation in COL5A1, the gene encoding the pro(alpha)1(V) collagen chain, segregating with EDS I in a four-generation family. The mutation causes the substitution of the most 5' cysteine residue by a serine within a highly conserved sequence of the pro(alpha)1(V) C-propeptide domain and causes reduction of collagen V by preventing incorporation of the mutant pro(alpha)1(V) chains in the collagen V trimers. In addition, we have detected splicing defects in the COL5A1 gene in a patient with EDS I and in a family with EDS II. These findings confirm the causal role of collagen V in at least a subgroup of EDS I, prove that EDS I and II are allelic conditions, and represent a, so far, unique example of a human collagen disorder caused by substitution of a highly conserved cysteine residue in the C-propeptide domain of a fibrillar collagen.
Determination of drug half-life while giving doses between blood samples. (1991)

Traditional methods of determining drug elimination half-life require that no doses be given between the blood samples, which delays drug administration. This article details a new method to determine drug half-life from blood samples drawn with intervening drug doses, that is, while blood levels are building rather than falling. This method was derived from one-compartment pharmacokinetic modeling to assist regulation of doses of central nervous system drugs whose blood concentrations have clinical meaning, for example, lithium and some antidepressants. It should improve the accuracy and practicality of pharmacokinetic methods to predict desirable steady-state drug doses at start-up and to monitor the total daily drug exposure during followup.
Medical Genetics: A Self-Instruction Guide and Workbook Based on Mendelian Inheritance in Man (1993)

This study guide and workbook is designed for use in conjunction with Inheritance in Man, particularly its on-line version and the new CDROM edition. It will be useful for medical students, fellows in medical genetics and all who wish to enhance their understanding of the field. Topics covered range widely across medical genetics and include: transmission genetics; principles of clinical genetics; biochemical genetics of Mendelian disorders; gene structure and function; mutation, especially molecular nature and biochemical consequences; developmental genetics; chromosomal aberrations in Mendelian disorders; neoplasia; linkage and mapping; population genetics and evolution; and clinical applications of knowledge in medical genetics, including differential diagnosis, genetic counselling and treatment. Working through sets of questions on various topics in biomedical, molecular and clinical genetics, the user is asked to match columns of terms, provide definitions, or give brief explanations or descriptions. The guide also offers useful hints on how to find answers to questions by using Inheritance in Man and includes other helpful references.
Estimating finger grip force from an image of the hand using Convolutional Neural Networks and Gaussian processes (2014)

Estimating human fingertip forces is required to understand force distribution in grasping and manipulation. Human grasping behavior can then be used to develop force-and impedance-based grasping and manipulation strategies for robotic hands. However, estimating human grip force naturally is only possible with instrumented objects or unnatural gloves, thus greatly limiting the type of objects used. In this paper we describe an approach which uses images of the human fingertip to reconstruct grip force and torque at the finger. Our approach does not use finger-mounted equipment, but instead a steady camera observing the fingers of the hand from a distance. This allows for finger force estimation without any physical interference with the hand or object itself, and is therefore universally applicable. We construct a 3-dimensional finger model from 2D images. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used to predict the 2D image to a 3D model transformation matrix. Two methods of CNN are designed for separate and combined outputs of orientation and position. After learning, our system shows an alignment accuracy over 98% on unknown data. In the final step, a Gaussian process estimates finger force and torque from the aligned images based on color changes and deformations of the nail and its surrounding skin. Experimental results shows that the accuracy achieves about 95% in the force estimation and 90% in the torque.
Linear-complexity algorithms for QoS support in input-queued switches with no speedup (1999)

We present several fast, practical linear-complexity scheduling algorithms that enable provision of various quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees in an input-queued switch with no speedup. Specifically, our algorithms provide per-virtual-circuit transmission rate and cell delay guarantees using a credit-based bandwidth reservation scheme. Our algorithms also provide approximate max-min fair sharing of unreserved switch capacity. The novelties of our algorithms derive from judicious choices of edge weights in a bipartite matching problem. The edge weights are certain functions of the amount and waiting times of queued cells and credits received by a virtual circuit. By using a linear-complexity variation of the well-known stable-marriage matching algorithm, we present theoretical proofs and demonstrate by simulations that the edge weights are bounded. This implies various QoS guarantees or contracts about bandwidth allocations and cell delays. Network management can then provide these contracts to the clients. We present several different algorithms of varied complexity and performance (as measured by the usefulness of each algorithm's contract). While most of this paper is devoted to the study of "soft" guarantees, a few "hard" guarantees can also be proved rigorously for some of our algorithms. As can be expected, the provable guarantees are weaker than the observed performance bounds in simulations. Although our algorithms are designed for switches with no speedup, we also derive upper bounds on the minimal buffer requirement in the output queues necessary to prevent buffer overflow when our algorithms are used in switches with speedup larger than one.
Self-assembled free-standing colloidal crystals (2005)

We propose a novel technique to fabricate a free-standing three-dimensional colloidal crystal by self-assembling the colloidal microspheres with controllable thickness from the air–liquid interface. Highly ordered three-dimensional colloidal crystals are formed by polymethylmethacrylate or polystyrene monodisperse microspheres. We also demonstrate the fabrication technique of the free-standing inversed opals by removing the microspheres using calcination. The free-standing colloidal crystal structures can be used for nano-photonic circuits, white-light LEDs or as a photocatalyst.
Semiconductor characterization by scanning force microscope surface photovoltage microscopy (1991)

A technique is described for the measurement of surface photovoltage (SPV) on semiconducting samples using the attractive-mode scanning force microscope. The use of SFM potentiometry1 permits microscopic measurement of surface photovoltage to be made in air with a spatial resolution of a few tens of nm and voltage resolution of better than 1 mV. Thus, with a spatial resolution only 1 order of magnitude worse than scanning tunneling microscopy measurements,2 atomic force microscopy (AFM) is seen to be a good choice in measurements on devices or other structures where measurement under ambient is desirable or tolerable. Historically, SPV has permitted the observation of a wide range of features in semiconducting samples, including mapping of dopant concentration, sodium accumulation, local charge, dislocations, precipitates, stacking faults, grain boundaries and microcracks, local resistivity, recombination time, band gap shifts (for instance in heterostructures), and stress.3 Experimental results will be presented which demonstrate the application of AFM/SPV to microcracking, dopant profiling and dislocation structure.
Ontology ranking based on the analysis of concept structures (2005)

In view of the need to provide tools to facilitate the re-use of existing knowledge structures such as ontologies, we present in this paper a system, AKTiveRank, for the ranking of ontologies. AKTiveRank uses as input the search terms provided by a knowledge engineer and, using the output of an ontology search engine, ranks the ontologies. We apply a number of metrics in an attempt to investigate their appropriateness for ranking ontologies, and compare the results with a questionnaire-based human study. Our results show that AKTiveRank will have great utility although there is potential for improvement.
Harmonic distortion due to narrow width effects in deep sub-micron SOI-CMOS device for analog-RF applications (2002)

The authors have investigated the reason for low-noise frequency degradation, frequency dispersion, and harmonic distortion in narrow width SOI MOSFETs with STI. As the channel width decreases, low-frequency noise characteristics, frequency dispersion and harmonic distortion deteriorate due to the larger influence of the interface state which is caused by interface roughness. They have also analyzed the unit circuits performance of VCO, RO, and single MOSFET amplifiers.
On Vortex Wind Power (1978)

An infinite viscous laminar vortex with no reverse flow region in the exit plane, but with axial inflow at the base, is analyzed. The axial inflow is assumed to be finite everywhere. From the analysis, the maximum wind power that can be obtained from such a vortex is calculated. The results show that the power developed depends on the circulation at infinity and on the viscous radius of the core of the vortex. The significance of this result, as it relates to the recently proposed vortex wind energy system, is discussed.