gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occupancy-Based Frequent Pattern Mining <sup>*</sup> (2015)

Frequent pattern mining is an important data mining problem with many broad applications. Most studies in this field use support (frequency) to measure the popularity of a pattern, namely the fraction of transactions or sequences that include the pattern in a data set. In this study, we introduce a new interesting measure, namely occupancy, to measure the completeness of a pattern in its supporting transactions or sequences. This is motivated by some real-world pattern recommendation applications in which an interesting pattern should not only be frequent, but also occupies a large portion of its supporting transactions or sequences. With the definition of occupancy we call a pattern dominant if its occupancy value is above a user-specified threshold. Then, our task is to identify the qualified patterns which are both dominant and frequent. Also, we formulate the problem of mining top-k qualified patterns , that is, finding k qualified patterns with maximum values on a user-defined function of support and occupancy, for example, weighted sum of support and occupancy. The challenge to these tasks is that the value of occupancy does not change monotonically when more items are appended to a given pattern. Therefore, we propose a general algorithm called DOFRA (DOminant and FRequent pattern mining Algorithm) for mining these qualified patterns, which explores the upper bound properties on occupancy to drastically reduce the search process. Finally, we show the effectiveness of DOFRA in two real-world applications and also demonstrate the efficiency of DOFRA on several real and large synthetic datasets.
Reliable Design Method for Service Function Chaining (2019)

SFC (Service Function Chaining) is one of the new service construction technologies in virtual network, and is a technology to construct a “service chain,” which is an idea to select and to connect VNF (Virtualized Network Function) - a network function separated from proprietary network equipment and virtualized to run on open architecture servers - in series to offer as single service. It is important to ensure high reliability of the service (service chain). In general, reliability improves by increasing redundancy of service components, such as network routes, network equipment, and applications, and for service chain, it is considered to adopt a method such as duplicating of service chains. However, when a VNF shared by multiple service chains fails, many users are affected because all service chains sharing the malfunctioning VNF are switched to a spare. This article proposes a design method to increase the reliability of service chain while suppressing the consumption of resources, by weighting VNF (component of the service chain) to choose important VNFs to be duplicated, according to the number of accommodated users and other indexes.
A Convenient Synthesis of Type A Procyanidins (2009)

Type A procyanidins can be synthesized in good yields from the condensation of benzopyrilium salts 8 and either catechin or phloroglucinol.
Fault Ride-Through Capability of Cascaded Current-Source Converter-Based Offshore Wind Farm (2012)

This paper presents a novel fault ride-through (FRT) strategy for the permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based offshore wind farm, where cascaded current- source converters (CSCs) are employed on both the generator- and grid-side. The inherent short-circuit operating capability of the CSC is used to develop the FRT strategy, and at the same time, the grid-side converters fulfill the demanding reactive power requirement imposed by recent grid codes. Intensive simulation results are provided to ensure the validity and feasibility of the proposed FRT method. Moreover, the inherent short-circuit operating capability of the CSC contributes to a great operating flexibility for the proposed wind farm. Specifically, the faulty turbine-generator unit can be easily isolated from the cascaded system without affecting the operation of other series interconnected wind turbines. Both simulation and experimental verifications are provided for the operating flexibility of the cascaded CSC-based wind farm by isolating one wind generator from the system.
Detection of trapped flux quanta in superconductors by a hydrodynamically controlled SQUID pick-up coil (1991)

The detection of the flux quanta trapped in a large area superconductor by scanning a SQUID pickup coil is discussed. For this purpose a gas floating technique has been developed. In this technique, the supplied gas flow supports the coil while the coil scans the superconductor surface in liquid helium. The applicability of the gas floating technique is examined, and it is shown that this technique can be utilized even in liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. Measurements of magnetic field distribution over several superconductors in liquid helium are reported. By scanning the pickup coil over the superconductor, changes in the magnetic field, which come from the flux trapped in the superconductor, are observed. Furthermore, the background variation during sample rotation and displacement is reduced to about 2.4 Phi /sub 0/. The minimum detectable flux is shown to be less than Phi /sub 0/. These results show the possibility of using this technique in the detection of trapped flux quanta in superconductors.
Valve malfunction detection apparatus (1993)

A detection system is provided for sensing a malfunction of a valve having an outlet connected to an end of a first pipe through which pressurized fluid may be flowed in a downstream direction away from the valve. The system includes a bypass pipe connected at its opposite ends to the first pipe and operative to bypass a portion of the fluid flow therethrough around a predetermined section thereof. A housing is interiorly divided by a flexible diaphragm into first and second opposite chambers which are respectively communicated with the first pipe section and the bypass pipe, the diaphragm being spring-biased toward the second chamber. The diaphragm housing cooperates with check valves and orifices connected in the two pipes to create and maintain a negative pressure in the first pipe section in response to closure of the valve during pressurized flow through the first pipe. A pressure switch senses the negative pressure and transmits a signal indicative thereof to a computer. Upon cessation of the signal while the valve is still closed, the computer responsively generates a signal indicating that the valve, or another portion of the detection system, is leaking.
Controlling Molecular Self-Organization: Formation of Nanometer-Scale Spheres and Tubules (1999)

Amphiphilic polyhedron-shaped p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene building blocks, which have been previously shown to assemble into bilayers in an antiparallel fashion, have been assembled in a parallel alignment into spherical and helical tubular structures by the addition of pyridine N-oxide and lanthanide ions. Crystallographic studies revealed how metal ion coordination and substrate recognition direct the formation of these supramolecular assemblies. The addition of greater amounts of pyridine N-oxide changed the curvature of the assembling surface and resulted in the formation of extended tubules.
Structure and Expression of an Arabidopsis Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Gene (1994)

Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) catalyzes the formation of malonyl-coenzyme A, which is used in the plastid for fatty acid synthesis and in the cytosol for several pathways including fatty acid elongation and flavonoid synthesis. Two overlapping Arabidopsis genomic clones were isolated and sequenced to determine the entire ACCase-coding region. Thirty introns with an average size of 94 bp were identified by comparison with an alfalfa ACCase cDNA sequence. The 10-kb Arabidopsis ACCase gene encodes a 251-kD polypeptide, which has 80% amino acid sequence identity with alfalfa ACCase and about 40% identity with ACCase of rat, chicken, yeast, and the diatom Cyclotella. No chloroplast transit peptide sequence was observed, suggesting that this Arabidopsis gene encodes a cytosolic ACCase isozyme. ACCase gene transcripts were detected by RNase protection assays in Arabidopsis root, leaf, silique, and seed. Genomic DNA blot analysis revealed the presence of a second related Arabidopsis ACCase gene.
Bioelectronic Imaging Array Based on Bacteriorhodopsin Film (2008)

A photoreceptor array that exploits the light sensitive bacteriorhodopsin (bR) films has been manufactured on a flexible indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated plastic film using electrophoretic sedimentation technique (EPS). The effective sensing area of each photoreceptor is 2 x 2 mm (2), separated by 1 mm and arranged in a 4 x 4 array. A switched integrator with gain on the order of 10(10) is used to amplify the signal to a suitable level. When exposed to light, the differential response characteristic is attributed to charge displacement and recombination within bR molecules, as well as loading effects of the attached amplifier. The peak spectral response occurs at 568 nm and is linear over the tested light power range of 200 mu W to 12 mW. The response remains linear at other tested wavelengths, but with reduced amplitude. Initial tests have indicated that responsivity among all photoreceptors is greater than 71% of the average value, 465.25 mV/mW. The differential nature of the signal generated by bR makes it a suitable sensing material for vision applications such as motion detection. The prototype array demonstrates this property by employing Reichardt's delay-and-correlate algorithm. Furthermore, fabricating sensor arrays on flexible substrates introduces a new design approach that enables non-planar imaging surfaces.
A Modular Three-Dimensional Hall Effect Sensor for Performance Optimization (2021)

This paper presents three dimensional (3-D) Hall sensors that are capable of detecting magnetic fields in three axis directions and are realized on 180BCDLite Ⓡ technology with one or two mask adders. The 3-D Hall sensor architecture adopts a modular approach that enables optimization of the planar and vertical Hall devices. The geometries and doping profiles of the Hall devices can be designed for various performance specifications. The planar Hall devices are engineered independently to achieve either a high current–related sensitivity <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{I} >385$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V/(A.T) or a high voltage–related sensitivity <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{V} >50$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mV/(V.T). For the vertical Hall devices, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> up to 50 mV/(V.T) are demonstrated. The modular design enables flexibility for designers to provide a System-on-Chip (SoC) to meet the needs for a variety of magnetic sensing applications at a low-cost.
A Greedy Part Assignment Algorithm for Real-time Multi-person 2D Pose\n Estimation (2017)

Human pose-estimation in a multi-person image involves detection of various\nbody parts and grouping them into individual person clusters. While the former\ntask is challenging due to mutual occlusions, the combinatorial complexity of\nthe latter task is very high. We propose a greedy part assignment algorithm\nthat exploits the inherent structure of the human body to achieve a lower\ncomplexity, compared to any of the prior published works. This is accomplished\nby (i) reducing the number of part-candidates using the estimated number of\npeople in the image, (ii) doing a greedy sequential assignment of part-classes,\nfollowing the kinematic chain from head to ankle (iii) doing a greedy\nassignment of parts in each part-class set, to person-clusters (iv) limiting\nthe candidate person clusters to the most proximal clusters using human\nanthropometric data and (v) using only a specific subset of pre-assigned parts\nfor establishing pairwise structural constraints. We show that, these steps\nresult in a sparse body parts relationship graph and reduces the complexity. We\nalso propose methods for improving the accuracy of pose-estimation by (i)\nspawning person-clusters from any unassigned significant body part and (ii)\nsuppressing hallucinated parts. On the MPII multi-person pose database,\npose-estimation using the proposed method takes only 0.14 seconds per image. We\nshow that, our proposed algorithm, by using a large spatial and structural\ncontext, achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy on both MPII and WAF\nmulti-person pose datasets, demonstrating the robustness of our approach.\n
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Polishing Mixed Integer Programming Solutions (2007)

Evolutionary algorithms adopt a natural-selection analogy, exploiting concepts such as population, combination, mutation, and selection to explore a diverse space of possible solutions to combinatorial optimization problems while, at the same time, retaining desirable properties from known solutions. This paper describes an evolutionary approach to improving solutions to mixed integer programming (MIP) models. We propose coarse-grained approaches to mutating and combining MIP solutions, both built within a large-neighborhood search framework. These techniques are then integrated within a MIP branch-and-bound framework. The resulting solution-polishing heuristic often finds significantly better feasible solutions to very difficult MIP models than do available alternatives. In contrast to most evolutionary algorithms, our polishing heuristic is domain-independent, requiring no structural information about the underlying combinatorial problem, above and beyond the information contained in the original MIP formulation.
Synthesis and cardiac electrophysiological activity of N-substituted-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamides - new selective class III agents (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and cardiac electrophysiological activity of N-substituted-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamides - new selective class III agentsThomas K. Morgan Jr., Randall Lis, William C. Lumma Jr., Klaus Nickisch, Ronald A. Wohl, Gary B. Phillips, Robert P. Gomez, John W. Lampe, Susan V. Di Meo, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 4, 1091–1097Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00166a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00166a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views484Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combining Methods for the Reduction of Oxychlorine Residuals in Drinking Water (1992)

Previous investigations have shown ferrous iron application to be an effective and economically feasible method of removing residual chlorine dioxide and chlorite ion from drinking water. This treatment, however, was not effective in reducing concentrations of chlorate ion. To address this issue, combined methodologies (alternative chlorine dioxide generation and application together with iron reduction) have been developed that significantly reduce finished‐water oxychlorine residuals. These methodologies and the effect of various treatment conditions toward low‐level chlorate ion formation are the focus of this article.
Detection of a combination of serum IgG and IgA antibodies against selected mycobacterial targets provides promising diagnostic signatures for active TB (2017)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) based tests for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) disease often show a lack of specificity in TB endemic regions, which is mainly due to a high background prevalence of LTBI. Here, we investigated the combined performance of the responses of different Ig classes to selected mycobacterial antigens in primary healthcare clinic attendees with signs and symptoms suggestive of TB. The sensitivity and specificity of IgA, IgG and/or IgM to LAM and 7 mycobacterial protein antigens (ESAT-6, Tpx, PstS1, AlaDH, MPT64, 16kDa and 19kDa) and 2 antigen combinations (TUB, TB-LTBI) in the plasma of 63 individuals who underwent diagnostic work-up for TB after presenting with symptoms and signs compatible with possible active TB were evaluated. Active TB was excluded in 42 individuals of whom 21 has LTBI whereas active TB was confirmed in 21 patients of whom 19 had a follow-up blood draw at the end of 6-month anti-TB treatment. The leading single serodiagnostic markers to differentiate between the presence or absence of active TB were anti-16 kDa IgA, anti-MPT64 IgA with sensitivity and specificity of 90%/90% and 95%/90%, respectively. The combined use of 3 or 4 antibodies further improved this performance to accuracies above 95%. After successful completion of anti-TB treatment at month 6, the levels of 16 kDa IgA and 16 kDa IgM dropped significantly whereas LAM IgG and TB-LTBI IgG increased. These results show the potential of extending investigation of anti-tuberculous IgG responses to include IgM and IgA responses against selected protein and non-protein antigens in differentiating active TB from other respiratory diseases in TB endemic settings.
Spectroscopy of Pr<sup>3+</sup>-doped low-phonon-energy glasses based on halides and sulfides (1994)

The optical properties of praseodymium-doped glasses have attracted considerable attention recently for their potential application as a 1.3 micron optical amplifier. We report here on our spectroscopic evaluation of a series of low-phonon-energy glasses based on halides and sulphides. These results, though driven by the desire for a practical amplifier, provide insight into the application of these glasses not only for telecommunications applications, but also an understanding of the overall optical properties of a low-phonon-energy glass. Using Raman spectroscopy, the vibrational characteristics of the glass host are determined. Absorption measurements across the visible and infrared allow evaluation of the intrinsic loss of these glasses when in fiber form, as well as providing an indication of glass purity. Fluorescence of Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped glasses, through excitation of the <SUP>3</SUP>P<SUB>0</SUB>, <SUP>1</SUP>D<SUB>2</SUB> and <SUP>1</SUP>G<SUB>4</SUB> levels, is measured along with the fluorescence lifetimes. These radiative properties are compared to those predicted by a Judd-Ofelt analysis, which has been performed on all glasses. In this way, this work provides an overall spectroscopic evaluation of the optical properties of low-phonon-energy glasses, leading the way towards a practical device.
A Single Wavelength Cross-Correlation Technique Which Suppresses Multiple Scattering (1996)

In the late 1960’s, various investigators began to measure the diffusion coefficient of dilute suspensions of microparticles in various liquids using the autocorrelated signal of laser light scattered by the microparticles. By 1970, quite complete accounts of the experiments had appeared in the literature. 1 Early on, it was discovered that multiple scattering in more concentrated suspensions distorted the experimentally measured correlograms, thus strongly biasing the determination of the diffusion coefficient. Four different approaches were taken in order to address the multiple scattering problem. One group of investigators attempted to calculate 2,3 the effects of multiple scattering when only few multiple scatterings occurred. A second group of investigators attempted to simulate 4 the effects of multiple scattering in the intermediate scattering regeime. A third group of investigators attempted to calculate for 5,6,7 the effects of multiple scattering in the diffusion limit. The forth group of investigators attempted to find scattering geometries in which multiple scattering is partially or totally suppressed.
Routine operation of the University of Washington fast neutron therapy facility and plans for improvements (1999)

The fast neutron therapy facility in Seattle is based on a cyclotron, which produces a 50.5 MeV proton beam. Neutrons are produced in a beryllium target installed in an isocentric gantry equipped with a multi-leaf collimator. The system has been in routine operation for 14 years and over 1800 patients have been treated. Downtime has been minimal, over the past 10 years less than 1.5% of the scheduled daily treatment sessions could not be delivered for equipment related reasons. Fast neutron therapy has been shown to be highly effective for the treatment of salivary gland tumors, sarcomas of bone and soft tissues and for certain prostate cancers. In addition there are situations such as non-small cell lung cancer, where results are promising, but success is limited by normal tissue complications. A relatively small selective increase in the tumor dose might lead to a significant clinical improvement in these situations. The use of a boron neutron capture (BNC) boost, utilizing the moderated slow neutrons naturally present in the tissue during fast neutron therapy, may be beneficial for such patients. Experimental work to adapt the facility for such a modified treatment modality is presently ongoing.
Salinispora arenicola gen. nov., sp. nov. and Salinispora tropica sp. nov., obligate marine actinomycetes belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae (2005)

A taxonomic study was carried out to clarify the taxonomy of representatives of a group of marine actinomycetes previously designated MAR 1 and considered to belong to the family Micromonosporaceae. The organisms had phenotypic properties consistent with their assignment to this taxon. The strains formed a distinct taxon in the 16S rRNA Micromonosporaceae gene tree and shared a range of phenotypic properties that distinguished them from members of all of the genera with validly published names classified in this family. The name proposed for this novel taxon is Salinispora gen. nov. The genus contains two species recognized using a range of genotypic and phenotypic criteria, including comparative 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region and DNA-DNA relatedness data. The names proposed for these taxa are Salinispora arenicola sp. nov., the type species, and Salinispora tropica sp. nov.; the type strains of these novel species have been deposited in service culture collections as strain CNH-643(T) (=ATCC BAA-917(T)=DSM 44819(T)) and strain CNB-440(T) (=ATCC BAA-916(T)=DSM 44818(T)), respectively.