gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-Wing Mixture of Experts for Streaming Recommendations (2020)

Streaming Recommender Systems (SRSs) commonly train recommendation models on newly received data only to address user preference drift, i.e., the changing user preferences towards items. However, this practice overlooks the long-term user preferences embedded in historical data. More importantly, the common heterogeneity in data stream greatly reduces the accuracy of streaming recommendations. The reason is that different preferences (or characteristics) of different types of users (or items) cannot be well learned by a unified model. To address these two issues, we propose a Variational and Reservoir-enhanced Sampling based Double-Wing Mixture of Experts framework, called VRS-DWMoE, to improve the accuracy of streaming recommendations. In VRS-DWMoE, we first devise variational and reservoir-enhanced sampling to wisely complement new data with historical data, and thus address the user preference drift issue while capturing long-term user preferences. After that, we propose a Double-Wing Mixture of Experts (DWMoE) model to first effectively learn heterogeneous user preferences and item characteristics, and then make recommendations based on them. Specifically, DWMoE contains two Mixture of Experts (MoE, an effective ensemble learning model) to learn user preferences and item characteristics, respectively. Moreover, the multiple experts in each MoE learn the preferences (or characteristics) of different types of users (or items) where each expert specializes in one underlying type. Extensive experiments demonstrate that VRS-DWMoE consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art SRSs.
Generalized Nash Bargaining Solution to Rate Control Optimization for Spatial Scalable Video Coding (2014)

Rate control (RC) optimization is indispensable for scalable video coding (SVC) with respect to bitstream storage and video streaming usage. From the perspective of centralized resource allocation optimization, the inner-layer bit allocation problem is similar to the bargaining problem. Therefore, bargaining game theory can be employed to improve the RC performance for spatial SVC. In this paper, we propose a bargaining game based one-pass RC scheme for spatial H.264/SVC. In each spatial layer (SL), the encoding constraints, such as bit rates, buffer size are jointly modeled as resources in the inner-layer bit allocation bargaining game. The modified rate-distortion (R-D) model incorporated with the inter-layer coding information is investigated. Then the generalized Nash bargaining solution (NBS) is employed to achieve an optimal bit allocation solution. The bandwidth is allocated to the frames from the generalized NBS adaptively based on their own bargaining powers. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed rate control algorithm achieves appealing image quality improvement and buffer smoothness. The average mismatch of our proposed algorithm is within the range of 0:19%2:63%.
<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation of <sup>64</sup> Cu-Radiolabeled KCCYSL Peptides for Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 in Breast Carcinomas (2010)

Epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (EGFR-2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast and other carcinomas. In this report, we tested the ability of a bacteriophage selected peptide KCCYSL, radiolabeled with ⁶⁴Cu, to image EGFR-2 expressing breast tumors in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET). We evaluated and compared the in vivo tissue distribution and imaging properties of ⁶⁴Cu-X-(Gly-Ser-Gly)-KCCYSL peptide (X = 1,4,7,10, tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetracetic acid, [DOTA] 1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid [CB-TE2A], and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid [NOTA] chelators) in a human breast cancer xenograft mouse model using dual modality PET and computed tomography (CT). The synthesized peptides DO3A-GSG-KCCYSL, CB-TE2A-GSG-KCCYSL, and NO2A-GSG-KCCYSL were purified, radiolabeled with ⁶⁴Cu, and evaluated for human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-435) binding, 50% inhibitory concentration, and serum stability. In vivo pharmacokinetic and small animal PET/CT imaging studies were performed using SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-435 xenografts. The radiolabeled peptides bound with an 50% inhibitory concentration of 42.0 ± 10.2 nM (DO3A), 31 ± 7.9 nM (CB-TE2A), and 44.2 ± 6.6 nM (NO2A) to cultured MDA-MB-435 cells. All of the radiolabeled peptides were stable in vitro. The tumor uptake of DO3A, CB-TE2A, and NO2A peptides were 0.73 ± 0.15 percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g), 0.64 ± 0.08%ID/g, and 0.52 ± 0.04%ID/g, respectively at 1 hour. Liver uptake for the ⁶⁴Cu-DO3A-peptide (1.68 ± 0.42%ID/g) was more than that of the ⁶⁴Cu-CB-TE2A-peptide (0.52 ± 0.02% ID/g) and ⁶⁴Cu-NO2A-peptide (0.48 ± 0.05%ID/g) at 2 hours. PET/CT studies revealed successful tumor uptake of ⁶⁴Cu-peptides at 2 hours postinjection. In vivo kidney retention was observed with all of the radiolabeled peptides. The optimization of bifunctional chelators improves the pharmacokinetic properties of the ⁶⁴Cu-labeled GSG-KCCYSL peptide, which enables the selection of a suitable peptide homolog as a PET imaging agent for EGFR-2 expressing breast carcinomas.
Long‐term marrow cultures: human and murine systems (1991)

The intramedullary control of marrow cell production has been a difficult area to approach experimentally. The introduction by Dr. Dexter and colleagues of long-term stromal dependent culture systems for murine marrow and the adaptation of these systems to human marrow growth have allowed for in-vitro studies of stromal dependent hemopoiesis. Despite some controversy in this area, most studies appear to show that adherent murine or human stromal cells are capable of producing a relatively large number of hemopoietic growth factors including G-CSF, GM-CSF, CSF-1, IL-6 and, at least by PCR analysis, IL-3. Other work indicates that the most primitive hemopoietic cells which appear to be multifactor responsive adhere directly to these stromal cells presumably through mediation of various adherence proteins. An early acting, multilineage factor termed hemolymphopoietic growth factor-1 (HLGF-1) has been isolated from a murine stromal cell line and may be identical to the recently described ligand for the c-kit receptor. This may represent an important early survival/maintenance factor for stem cells in this system. Studies on primitive stem cells, especially the high proliferative potential colony forming cell (HPP-CFC), indicate that they are responsive to varying combinations of growth factors and that with increasing numbers of growth factors, as studied in serum-free systems, decreasing concentrations of the factors may be biologically active. These observations altogether suggest that intramedullary hemopoiesis may be regulated by the positioning of early multifactor responsive stem cells via adherent proteins in juxtaposition to synergistically acting combinations of growth factors attached to stromal cell surfaces or the extracellular matrix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inkjet and Aerosol Jet Printing of Electrochemical Devices for Energy Conversion and Storage (2017)

Inkjet and aerosol jet printing have recently emerged as promising fabrication techniques for a broad range of devices for electrochemical energy conversion and storage – batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. If fully realized, these printing techniques may enable device performance advantages accruing from precise micron scale patterning, thin layer deposition, and materials grading. Printing may also allow scalable, low materials waste manufacturing, and conformal integration of power elements into structural elements. This article reviews the fundamental capabilities of inkjet and aerosol jet printing relevant to electrochemical devices, surveys current literature, and presents future challenges which must be tackled to achieve high performance, printed electrochemical energy storage, and conversion devices.
Transcriptional Regulation of the N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V Gene in Human Bile Duct Carcinoma Cells (HuCC-T1) Is Mediated by Ets-1 (1996)

N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to alpha-6-D-mannoside to produce the beta1-6 linked branching of N-glycan oligosaccharides, which controls the polylactosamine content. The expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V, which contains 17 exons and spans 155 kilobase pairs, is expressed in a tissue- and cell type-specific manner and is regulated at the level of transcription by multiple promoters (Saito, H., Gu, J., Nishikawa, A., Ihara, Y., Fujii, J., Kohgo, Y., and Taniguchi, N. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 233, 18-26). To elucidate the mechanism by which the GnT-V gene is expressed in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, cell-restricted expression was analyzed using the 5'-upstream regions of the human GnT-V gene spanning base pairs -2760 to +23 in a human bile duct carcinoma cell line, HuCC-T1. We characterized two cis-acting elements that are potentially important in HuCC-T1 cell-specific expression. The two elements each contain an Ets-1 binding site, 5'-GGA-3'. Specific binding of Ets-1 to the respective elements was demonstrated by competition analysis as well as by antibody supershift experiments. Cotransfection of an Ets-1 expression plasmid along with a GnT-V promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid revealed the participation of Ets-1 in the regulation of the GnT-V gene transcription. These data indicated that the transcriptional regulation of the GnT-V gene was mediated by transcription factor Ets-1.
Appliance for stabilizing orogastric and orotracheal tubes in infants (1984)

The long-term use of orotracheal tubes in infants has been associated with airway damage, palatal groove formation, acquired cleft palate, and defective primary dentition. Nasotracheal intubation is associated with trauma to the nasal septum and deformities of the nares. Because the infant is an obligatory nose-breather, nasogastric feeding tubes obstruct the nares and cause mucosal edema. We have developed an intraoral appliance designed to stabilize orogastric feeding and orotracheal tubes, and prevent obstruction to the nares and trauma to the palate and alveolar ridge.
Ultra-Low Power Sensor Node for On-Board Railway Wagon Monitoring (2020)

Continuous real-time monitoring of unpowered railway vehicles such as general freight and heavy haul wagons is still limited by hardware scalability and power consumption challenges. This paper proposes an innovative sensor node hardware architecture that reduces power consumption and hardware costs by introducing an Analogue Fault Detector based on analogue signal processing. This technique allows data intensive fault detection and condition monitoring algorithms to be run by simple microcontrollers, reducing memory, execution time and computational requirements. An on-board wheel flat detection sensor node was tested in laboratory conditions using a hardware-in-the-loop setup, to quantify the improvements and explore the viability of the proposed sensor node architecture approach. The power required to detect a wheel flat defect in a simulated acceleration signal was reduced by one order of magnitude and the memory requirement was reduced by three orders of magnitude for the data acquisition and processing stage, compared to traditional sensor node hardware architectures. This is particularly relevant in data intensive applications using accelerometers for monitoring railway vehicles. The improvements delivered by the introduction of an Analogue Fault Detector in a sensor node hardware architecture are promising for further development of on-board ultra-low power condition monitoring sensor nodes for railway applications.
Restriction endonuclease MvaI is a monomer that recognizes its target sequence asymmetrically (2007)

Restriction endonuclease MvaI recognizes the sequence CC/WGG (W stands for A or T, '/' designates the cleavage site) and generates products with single nucleotide 5'-overhangs. The enzyme has been noted for its tolerance towards DNA modifications. Here, we report a biochemical characterization and crystal structures of MvaI in an apo-form and in a complex with target DNA at 1.5 A resolution. Our results show that MvaI is a monomer and recognizes its pseudosymmetric target sequence asymmetrically. The enzyme consists of two lobes. The catalytic lobe anchors the active site residues Glu36, Asp50, Glu55 and Lys57 and contacts the bases from the minor grove side. The recognition lobe mediates all major grove interactions with the bases. The enzyme in the crystal is bound to the strand with T at the center of the recognition sequence. The crystal structure with calcium ions and DNA mimics the prereactive state. MvaI shows structural similarities to BcnI, which cleaves the related sequence CC/SGG and to MutH enzyme, which is a component of the DNA repair machinery, and nicks one DNA strand instead of making a double-strand break.
Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1996. Recommendations of an international panel. International AIDS Society-USA. (1996)

Recent data on HIV pathogenesis, methods to determine plasma HIV RNA, clinical trial data, and availability of new drugs point to the need for new approaches to treatment. Therapy is recommended based on CD4+ cell count, plasma HIV RNA level, or clinical status. Preferred initial drug regimens include nucleoside combinations; at present protease inhibitors are probably best reserved for patients at higher progression risk. For treatment failure or drug intolerance, subsequent regimen considerations include reasons for changing therapy, available drug options, disease stage, underlying conditions, and concomitant medication(s). Therapy for primary (acute) infection, high-risk exposures to HIV, and maternal-to-fetal transmission are also addressed. Therapeutic approaches need to be updated as new data continue to emerge.
Applications of the Multiobjective Optimization Method in Main Particular Selection (1995)

In this paper, main particulars of a ship are optimized by the multiobjective optimization method which can offer more information to designer. To analyze the effect of a ship building cost and operating cost in the optimum design of a ship, the multiobjective optimization is performed with objective functions of building and operating costs. And Required Freight Rate(RFR) is also calculated as dependent variable. The design model was developed for the Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) carrier with longer operating distance. The LNG carrier has some characteristics such as higher speed and building cost in comparison with other commercial ships.
Texture analysis of silicon with an heterogeneous morphology used for the photovoltaic conversion by neutron diffraction (1987)

Polycrystalline silicon ingots, obtained by rapid solidification according to Bridgman method without seed crystal, are studied. The texture in the bulk, determined using the transmission neutron diffraction, is characterized from the direct pole figures plotted for the four families of the low indices lattice planes (400), (220), (111) and (113). An accurate exploring mode has been defined for this heterogeneous material. The use of smoothing computer programs on the pole densities is necessary to calculate the Orientation Distribution Function (O.D.F.) by spherical harmonics analysis.
Developmental role of PTHrP in murine molars (1998)

Although PTHrP is produced in multiple fetal tissues, its precise physiological functions have yet to be clearly elucidated. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the biological role of PTHrP in the development of tooth. In rat tooth germs, the PTHrP and its receptor genes were expressed in the enamel organ and dental mesenchyme, respectively. When mouse tooth explants were cultured with antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) against mouse PTHrP mRNA in serum-free medium, an invasion of bone tissue was observed in the tooth germs. On the other hand, the explants cultured without ODN or with sense ODN showed normal histological structures similar to those observed in vivo. These results suggest that PTHrP is essential for tooth development and for the protection of tooth germs from the invasion of bone tissue.
Are Nanotube Architectures More Advantageous Than Nanowire Architectures For Field Effect Transistors? (2012)

Decade long research in 1D nanowire field effect transistors (FET) shows although it has ultra-low off-state leakage current and a single device uses a very small area, its drive current generation per device is extremely low. Thus it requires arrays of nanowires to be integrated together to achieve appreciable amount of current necessary for high performance computation causing an area penalty and compromised functionality. Here we show that a FET with a nanotube architecture and core-shell gate stacks is capable of achieving the desirable leakage characteristics of the nanowire FET while generating a much larger drive current with area efficiency. The core-shell gate stacks of silicon nanotube FETs tighten the electrostatic control and enable volume inversion mode operation leading to improved short channel behavior and enhanced performance. Our comparative study is based on semi-classical transport models with quantum confinement effects which offers new opportunity for future generation high performance computation.
Cu2O@reduced graphene oxide composite for removal of contaminants from water and supercapacitors (2011)

Cu2O@reduced graphene oxide composite displays a good ability to remove dyes from water and high stability in supercapacitors, highlighting potential applications in environmental and energy storage issues.
Transient Increase in Diarrheal Diseases after the Devastating Earthquake in Kocaeli, Turkey: Results of an Infectious Disease Surveillance Study (2000)

Immediately after the devastating earthquake in Turkey in August 1999, an infectious disease surveillance system was established in Kocaeli Province (the biggest area affected). This surveillance study was mainly focused on diarrheal diseases. During a 33-day period, 1,468 stool cultures were processed. Diarrheal diseases increased step-by-step and later decreased to the initial level by the end of this period. Cases were scattered throughout the entire region, and the identified causes were various, indicating a multifocal increase. Of the identified causes, Shigella species were the most common. Nevertheless, Shigella isolates also belonged to distinct serotypes and clones. This study indicated a multifocal, multiclonal increase in diarrheal diseases after this massive disaster, thus indicating the necessity to set up infectious disease surveillance systems after such events.
A dynamic traffic-aware duty cycle adjustment MAC protocol for energy conserving in wireless sensor networks (2012)

Wireless sensors are battery-limited sensing and computing devices. How to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensors becomes an important issue. In order to reduce the energy consumptions when nodes are in idle listening, duty-cycle-based MAC protocols are introduced to let node go into sleep mode periodically or aperiodically. The long duty cycle makes sensors increase the transmission throughput but consumes more energy. The short duty cycle makes sensors have low energy consumption rate but increases the transmission delay. In this paper, a dynamic traffic-aware MAC protocol for energy conserving in wireless sensor networks is proposed. The proposed MAC protocol can provide better data transmission rate when sensors are with high traffic loading. On the other hand, the proposed MAC protocol can save energy when sensors are with low traffic loading. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better data throughput than other duty-cycle-based MAC protocols, for example, S-MAC and U- MAC. We also developed a set of comprehensive experiments based on the well-known OMNET++ simulator and revealed that our proposed TA-MAC performs significantly outstanding than related schemes under various situations.
Metabolic clock generates nutrient anticipation rhythms in mTOR signaling (2014)

The mTOR signaling pathway modulates metabolic processes with respect to nutrient availability and other growth-related cues. According to the existing paradigm, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activityin vivo is induced by food and gradually decreases during fasting. We found that mTORC1 activity is controlled by an internal clock mechanism different from the known light-entrainable circadian clock. We observed 24-hr rhythms in phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream targets, which were entrained by food, persisted during fasting and could be uncoupled from oscillating expression of the canonical circadian clock genes. Furthermore, these rhythms were present in tissues of mice with disrupted light-entrainable circadian clock. We propose tissue-specific rhythms in the expression of tor and its negative regulator deptor as the molecular mechanism of the mTORC1 activity oscillation. Our data demonstrate the existence of at least two independent molecular circadian clocks: one providing metabolic adaptation to periodic light/darkness and the other - to feeding.
Endoscopically controlled sinus floor augmentation. A preliminary report. (1997)

Sinus augmentation has been advocated to be a surgical technique with predictable results in peri-implant surgery. Endoscopic surgery of the maxillary sinus so far has been used as diagnostic procedure. In this paper, the use of endoscopy is described as a low invasive adjunctive technique in sinus floor augmentation. After preparation of the mucoperiosteum, bone grafts can be placed under endoscopic control between sinus floor and mucoperiosteum. A laterobasal approach via a small osteotomy and a transalveolar approach are possible for mucosal elevation and graft placement. First clinical results are reported. Endoscopic sinus lift may contribute to a reduction of perioperative morbidity, reduction of oroantral fistulae and control of graft position. The less invasive technique may allow to extend the indication for sinus augmentation.
90-nm dual damascene patterning with a new via fill material (2005)

Via-first-trench-last (VFTL) has become a popular approach to dual damascene (DD) patterning, and via fill material is required to protect etch stop layer and to provide excellent substrate reflectivity control. It also has to be completely removed after trench-etch. Organic bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) material became a good candidate for 130nm via fill, but its shell defects in via following trench etch cause significant yield loss, especially in 90nm process and beyond with low-k dielectrics. A new SiO2 based via fill material matches plasma etch rate to SiOCH, SiOF, and SiO2 inter-layer dielectrics and prevents shell defects. It is applied by spin coating with standard bake and also highly absorbing to suppress substrate reflectivity. In this paper we integrate this SiO2 based material into 90nm Dual Damascene process. Topics such as performance in spin coating, trench lithography, plasma etching, and selective removal by wet clean will be discussed.