gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on the coordinated control of large permanent magnet direct drive fan and air conditioner based on finite element method (2023)

In recent years China has committed to energy saving and emission reduction. Chinese Government has proposed a strategic policy of carbon neutrality. In the context of energy shortage, the development of sustainable cities and green buildings is a major trend. An important part of energy consumption in cities is the energy consumed by temperature regulation in buildings, and reducing this part of energy consumption can be of great help to the development of sustainable cities. In this paper, our team propose a scheme for temperature regulation with large permanent magnet direct drive fans system and air conditioners. Compare the conventional room temperature regulation scheme which only uses air conditioners with the new room temperature regulation scheme which uses the large permanent magnet direct drive fan and air conditioners by simulating the indoor temperature regulation process. The results of simulation show that the new scheme’s temperature regulation effects are more uniform than the conventional scheme. The new scheme can reach the target Comfort Index of Human Body faster than the conventional scheme, and the energy consumption can be reduced by more than 8%. The paper concludes that the new room temperature control solution is more energy efficient, reduces carbon emissions and helps to achieve the carbon neutrality target.
Projection of harvestable water from air humidity using artificial neural network (Case study: Chabahar Port) (2019)

The optimum use of existing water resources as well as the efforts to achieve new water resources have been considered as two major solutions to the relative resolution of water scarcity. Through utilization of the information and meteorological data, it is possible to identify areas with potentials for water harvesting from air humidity. It also allows for collecting and converting them into fresh water using simple physical laws. Due to lack of atmospheric precipitations or inappropriate distribution of precipitations in Chabahar, located in the south of Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran, water is a limiting factor for agricultural activities and even for the entire life. In this study, water was harvested from air humidity using a screen collector with dimensions of 1×1 m. The magnitude of water harvesting was monitored daily for a period of 365 days. The results revealed that approximately 20% of the water available in the air could be extracted in this area. Then, monthly meteorological data from Chabahar synoptic station between 1990 and 2011 was used to predict the harvestable water for the upcoming year using an artificial neural network. After determining the effective input variables in predicting the amount of harvestable water, the modeling was performed using Multi-Layer Perceptron Network (MLP) and General Feed Forward Network. The results indicated that the MLP network had a higher ability to predict the amount of harvestable water when compared to the GFF network (at the R2 test stage it was 0.86 versus 0.44). The most suitable structure to predict harvestable water from the fog in Chabahar was the MLP Artificial Neural Network with the array of 12-1-25 and the Hyperbolic Tangent Stimulus Function with the Lewenburg Marquette Training Law. Also, the values ​​of the RMSE and MAE error rates were 2.19 and 1.81, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to predict the amount of harvestable water in the next 12 months which can be used in water resources management and productivity.
Endogenous Production of TGF-β Is Essential for Osteoclastogenesis Induced by a Combination of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand and Macrophage-Colony- Stimulating Factor (2000)

Differentiation of osteoclasts, the cells primarily responsible for bone resorption, is controlled by a variety of osteotropic hormones and cytokines. Of these factors, receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) has been recently cloned as an essential inducer of osteoclastogenesis in the presence of M-CSF. Here, we isolated a stroma-free population of monocyte/macrophage (M/Mphi)-like hemopoietic cells from mouse unfractionated bone cells that were capable of differentiating into mature osteoclasts by treatment with soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and M-CSF. However, the efficiency of osteoclast formation was low, suggesting the requirement for additional factors. The isolated M/Mphi-like hemopoietic cells expressed TGF-beta and type I and II receptors of TGF-beta. Therefore, we examined the effect of TGF-beta on osteoclastogenesis. TGF-beta with a combination of sRANKL and M-CSF promoted the differentiation of nearly all M/Mphi-like hemopoietic cells into cells of the osteoclast lineage. Neutralizing anti-TGF-beta Ab abrogated the osteoclast generation. These TGF-beta effects were also observed in cultures of unfractionated bone cells, and anti-TGF-beta blocked the stimulatory effect of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Translocation of NF-kappaB into nuclei induced by sRANKL in TGF-beta-pretreated M/Mphi-like hemopoietic cells was greater than that in untreated cells, whereas TGF-beta did not up-regulate the expression of RANK, the receptor of RANKL. Our findings suggest that TGF-beta is an essential autocrine factor for osteoclastogenesis.
Space vector PWM control of dual inverter fed open-end winding induction motor drive (2002)

A space vector PWM technique is developed based on the combination of space vectors from dual inverters feeding the induction motor from both ends (open-end winding without neutral point). A total of 64 voltage space vector combinations are available for PWM voltage control of the inverter fed machine with open-end winding. A space phasor based PWM scheme is proposed with minimum number of switching in a cycle per inverter coupled with equal number of switching for each inverter.
Creating Electronic Learning Environments: Games, Flow, and the User Interface. (1998)

A difficult task in creating rich, exploratory interactive learning environments is building an environment that is truly engaging. Engagement can be defined as the nexus of intrinsic knowledge and/or interest and external stimuli that promote the initial interest in, and continued use of a computer-based learning environment. Complete and total involvement in a given task is described by Csikszentmihalyi's Flow Theory. Flow Theory defines the difference between enjoyment and pleasure; an optimal experience is more of a manifestation of the former. The following elements of flow are manifested in computer games and learning environments: (1) task that can be completed; (2) ability to concentrate on task; (3) task has clear goals; (4) task provides immediate feedback; (5) deep but effortless involvement; (6) exercising a sense of control over actions; (7) concern for self disappears during flow, but sense of self is stronger after flow activity; and (8) sense of duration of time is altered. The quality of multimedia assets such as images, sounds, and animations, are a key factor in interesting users in a computer game; this is an important issue in the design and development of educational software. A table shows the relationships among flow, games, and design of computer-based learning environments. Contains 14 references. (AEF) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************
Interfacial tension controlled fusion of individual femtolitre droplets and triggering of confined chemical reactions on demand (2010)

This paper describes stepwise on-demand generation and fusion of femtolitre aqueous droplets based on interfacial tension. Sub-millisecond reaction times from droplet fusion were demonstrated, as well as a reversible chemical toggle switch based on alternating fusion of droplets containing acidic or basic solution, monitored with the pH-dependent emission of fluorescein.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of NASH and Liver Fibrosis Within the Spectrum of NAFLD. (2012)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of chronic liver disease in the United States, affecting an estimated 70 million Americans. The histologic spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis. Patients with NASH and significant fibrosis seen on liver biopsy have an increased risk for liver-related morbidity and mortality compared to patients with simple steatosis. Due to the high prevalence of NAFLD, there has been an urgent need to develop reliable noninvasive markers and tests that can accurately predict the presence of advanced disease without the need for liver biopsy. These tests can be divided into 2 groups: those that predict the presence of NASH (such as markers of hepatocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as predictive models based on clinical variables) and those that predict the presence of fibrosis (such as simple and complex predictive models). This paper provides an overview of various noninvasive methods for detecting NAFLD and suggests a diagnostic algorithm that can be used in clinical practice.
A simulation and experiment study on temperature of a forced ventilated greenhouse (2013)

A three-dimension temperature distribution image of a forced ventilated greenhouse is given by calculating steady-state temperature fields based on a computational fluid dynamics modeling of a multi-span greenhouse from CFD software FLUENT. A experiment of measuring temperatures in several specific position inside the greenhouse and other climate parameters outside is conducted in a real production greenhouse, and a comparison is done to verify the accuracy of CFD model of the presented greenhouse. The results show that if more boundary conditions are defined with the measured value a more accurate model can be expected and some excellent prediction of temperature can be achieved.
A Metric for Polygon Comparison and Building Extraction Evaluation (2014)

The standardization of evaluation techniques for building extraction is an unresolved issue in the fields of remote sensing, photogrammetry, and computer vision. In this letter, we propose a metric with a working title “PoLiS metric” to compare two polygons. The PoLiS metric is a positive-definite and symmetric function that satisfies a triangle inequality. It accounts for shape and accuracy differences between the polygons, is straightforward to apply, and requires no thresholds. We show through an example that the PoLiS metric between two polygons changes approximately linearly with respect to small translation, rotation, and scale changes. Furthermore, we compare building polygons extracted from a digital surface model to the reference building polygons by computing PoLiS, Hausdorff, and Chamfer distances. The results show that quantification by the PoLiS distance of the dissimilarity between polygons is consistent with visual perception. Furthermore, Hausdorff and Chamfer distances overrate the dissimilarity when one polygon has more vertices than the other. We propose an approach toward standardizing building extraction evaluation, which may also have broader applications in the field of shape similarity.
Maintenance of the set of segments visible from a moving viewpoint in two dimensions (1996)

No abstract available.
The function of ultra-large von Willebrand factor multimers in high shear flow controlled by ADAMTS13 (2015)

The paradigm that platelet aggregation, which contributes to bleeding arrest and also to thrombovascular disorders, initiates after signaling-induced platelet activation has been refuted in past recent years. Platelets can form aggregates independently of activation when soluble von Willebrand factor (VWF) is present and the shear rate exceeds a certain threshold where active A1 domains become exposed in soluble VWF multimers and can bind to platelet glycoprotein Ib. Subsequently - fostering each other - VWF can self-assemble into large nets combining with platelets into large conglomerates, which are entirely reversible when they enter a flow region with shear rates below the threshold. In addition the threshold changes from approximately 20 000 s⁻¹ in wall parallel flow to approximately 10 000 s⁻¹ in stagnation point flow. VWF containing ultra-large multimers - as when just released from endothelial storage sites - has been shown to have the highest binding potential to platelets and to each other, thus facilitating rapid platelet accrual to sites of vessel injury and exposed subendothelial structures, i.e. collagen. The VWF nets as well as the platelet-VWF conglomerates are controlled by the cleaving protease ADAMTS13 within minutes under high shear flow. Therewith the hemostatic potential is delivered where needed and the thrombogenic potential is highly controlled twofold: by flow and enzymatic proteolytic cleavage.
Participating media illumination using light propagation maps (2009)

Light traveling through semi-transparent media such as smoke and marble is absorbed and scattered. To achieve proper realistic visualizations of such media, illumination algorithms must account for these events. In this article, we present a new method for solving the Radiative Transport Equation , which models such evolution of light. The new method falls into the category of the Discrete Ordinates Method and inherits its generality and computational lightness. This method is known to suffer from two main shortcomings, namely false scattering and the ray effect , which we avoid in our new method. By propagating the light using low-dimensional maps of rays we detach their transport from the Eulerian grid and use fine angular discretizations. Thus, the scattering effect at each scattering generation is eliminated and the ray effect is significantly reduced at no additional memory requirements. Results demonstrate the new method's efficiency, ability to produce high-quality approximations, and its usefulness for a wide range of computer graphics applications.
Query Routing Mechanisms in Self-Organizing Search Systems (2009)

We analyze routing mechanisms of a self-organizing semantic overlay for content-based search in multimedia data. This overlay operates over any existing P2P network based on the metric space approach. In particular, we replace the previous design of routing mechanisms in Metric Semantic Overlay (MSO) with a new adaptive query-routing algorithm. An advantage of it lies in an automatic tuning of confusability of queries that is used to select peers during query evaluation. These improvements are experimentally evaluated on a real-life and synthetic dataset.
A new piezodriven precision micropositioning stage utilizing flexure hinges (1999)

A precision micropositioning system with a high displacement resolution and wide motion range has been required for industrialized applications for a long time. This paper discusses the design and the characteristics of a new piezodriven precision micropositioning stage utilizing flexure hinges. Two-grade amplifying and a monolithic symmetrical mechanism are adopted in the design. An analytical model is presented and a series of formulae for the static and dynamic behaviour of the stage are derived. Based on the theoretical analysis, the optimum design schema is put forward. The experimental demonstration to study the performance of the stage is described, and the method for reducing nonlinearity errors is proposed. The experimental results are in close agreement with those predicted by the theoretical analysis.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reduction of ferricytochrome c by the superoxide anion. (1982)

The temperature and pH dependence of the reaction of the superoxide radical anion with ferricytochrome c have been measured using the pulse-radiolysis technique. The temperature dependence of the reaction at low ionic strength yields an activation energy of 31 +/- 5 kJ/mol as compared to 14 +/- 3 kJ/mol for the reaction of CO2.(-) under the same conditions. The pH dependence fits the single pK'a of ferricytochrome c of 9.1. The bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of the superoxide anion with ferricytochrome c at pH 7.8, 21 +/- 2 degrees C, in the presence of 50 mM phosphate and 0.1 mM EDTA is (2.6 +/- 0.1) X 10(5) M-1 s-1. Using this value, 1 unit of superoxide dismutase activity (McCord, J. M., and Fridovich, I. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 6049-6055) is calculated to be 3.6 +/- 0.3 pmol of enzyme if the assay is performed in a total volume of 3.0 ml. Copper ions reduce the yield of the reaction of ferricytochrome c with CO2.(-). The reactivities of native and singly modified 4-carboxy-2,4-dinitrophenyllysine cytochromes c towards the superoxide anion radical are in the order native greater than 4-carboxy-2,4-dinitrophenyllysine 60 greater than lysine 13 greater than lysine 87 greater than lysine 27 greater than lysine 86 greater than lysine 72, indicating that electron transfer takes place at or close to the solvent accessible heme edge. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed in terms of the approach of superoxide anion radicals to the heme edge and the available molecular orbitals of both heme and free radicals.
A VLSI reconfigurable network of integrate-and-fire neurons with spike-based learning synapses (2004)

We present a VLSI device comprising an array of leaky integrate-and- fire (I&F) neurons and adaptive synapses with spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). The neurons transmit spikes off chip and the synapses receive spikes from external devices using a communication protocol based on the "Address- Event Representation" (AER). We studied the response properties of the neurons in the array to uniform input currents, and measured their AER outputs. We characterized the properties of the STDP synapses using AER input spike trains. Our results indicate that these circuits can be reliably used in massively parallel VLSI networks of I&F neurons to simulate real-time complex spike-based learning algorithms.
Efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 and interferon alpha in treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B: A randomized controlled study (2006)

The results suggest that a 6-mo course of T-alpha1 therapy is effective and safe in patients with chronic hepatitis B. T-alpha1 is able to reduce HBV replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Furthermore, T-alpha1 is better tolerated than IFN-alpha and can gradually induce more sustained ALT normalization and HBV DNA and HBeAg loss. However, a response rate of 48.3% is still less ideal. A more effective therapeutic approach warrants further study.
Site-Dependent Effect of Aprotinin, Sodium Caprate, Na2EDTA and Sodium Glycocholate on Intestinal Absorption of Insulin. (1993)

In order to determine an advantageous site for intestinal insulin absorption, the hypoglycemic effects of insulin after administration to the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum and the colon were investigated using an in situ loop method. Insulin solution was administered to the various loops of fasted rats with or without aprotinin (AP) as a protease inhibitor, or absorption enhancers such as sodium caprate, Na2EDTA or sodium glycocholate. An obvious hypoglycemic effect of insulin alone was seen only in the ileum loop washed with phosphate buffered saline. When coadministered with AP, the most remarkably amplified effect was again observed in the ileum. In the ileum, the area under the serum insulin levels vs. time curve from 0 to 4 h was linearly related to the logarithm of the AP dose. Both sodium caprate and Na2EDTA significantly promoted the hypoglycemic effect of insulin at all sites, and their intensity increased towards the distal regions of the intestine. On the other hand, sodium glycocholate improved only colonic insulin efficacy. These results suggest that the ileum seems to be the most useful region in the small intestine for insulin absorption; however, insulin must be protected from proteolysis to enhance its absorption. In addition, the insulin efficacy could be increased by absorption promoters more effectively in the colon than in the small intestine.
Evolution of the chaperonin families (HSP60, HSP 10 and TCP‐1) of proteins and the origin of eukaryotic cells (1995)

The members of the 10 kDa and 60 kDa heat-shock chaperonin proteins (Hsp10 and Hsp60 or Cpn10 and Cpn60), which form an operon in bacteria, are present in all eubacteria and eukaryotic cell organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. In archaebacteria and eukaryotic cell cytosol, no close homologues of Hsp10 or Hsp60 have been identified. However, these species (or cell compartments) contain the Tcp-1 family of proteins (distant homologues of Hsp60). Phylogenetic analysis based on global alignments of Hsp60 and Hsp10 sequences presented here provide some evidence regarding the evolution of mitochondria from a member of the alpha-subdivision of Gram-negative bacteria and chloroplasts from cyanobacterial species, respectively. This interference is strengthened by the presence of sequence signatures that are uniquely shared between Hsp60 homologues from alpha-purple bacteria and mitochondria on one hand, and the chloroplasts and cyanobacterial hsp60s on the other. Within the alpha-purple subdivision, species such as Rickettsia and Ehrlichia, which live intracellularly within eukaryotic cells, are indicated to be the closest relatives of mitochondrial homologues. In the Hsp60 evolutionary tree, rooted using the Tcp-1 homologue, the order of branching of the major groups was as follows: Gram-positive bacteria--cyanobacteria and chloroplasts--chlamydiae and spirochaetes--beta- and gamma-Gram-negative purple bacteria--alpha-purple bacteria--mitochondria. A similar branching order was observed independently in the Hsp10 tree. Multiple Hsp60 homologues, when present in a group of species, were found to be clustered together in the trees, indicating that they evolved by independent gene-duplication events. This review also considers in detail the evolutionary relationship between Hsp60 and Tcp-1 families of proteins based on two different models (viz. archaebacterial and chimeric) for the origin of eukaryotic cell nucleus. Some predictions of the chimeric model are also discussed.
Failure of Thymopoietin, Ubiquitin and Synthetic Serum Thymic Factor to Restore Immunocompetence in T-Cell Deficient Mice (1978)

Thymopoietin, ubiquitin, and serum thymic factor, all of which induce T cell markers on lymphocytes, have been evaluated for their capacity to induce thymus-de-pendent activities in vivo. Multiple treatments over a period of weeks failed to restore either resistance to line lb leukemia or responses to T cell mitogens in T cell-deficient C58 mice. The findings suggest that these substances are ineffective in inducing thymus-dependent im-munocompetence that is meaningful in the intact animal.
Kerogen extraction from subterranean oil shale resources (2023)

The present invention is directed to methods for extracting a kerogen-based product from subsurface (oil) shale formations, wherein such methods rely on fracturing and/or rubblizing portions of said formations so as to enhance their fluid permeability, and wherein such methods further rely on chemically modifying the shale-bound kerogen so as to render it mobile. The present invention is also directed at systems for implementing at least some of the foregoing methods. Additionally, the present invention is also directed to methods of fracturing and/or rubblizing subsurface shale formations and to methods of chemically modifying kerogen in situ so as to render it mobile.