gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis in Cellular Compartments of Rat Spinal Cord After Severe Contusion Injury (1998)

Following a controlled, severe contusion lesion to the lower thoracic spinal cord in adult rats, we found that apoptosis occurred in cells located in both gray and white matter. This suggested that both nonneuronal cells, including astrocytes, oligodendroglia and microglia, as well as neurons, might participate in programmed cell death (PCD) following spinal cord injury (SCI). Determination of which cell populations participate, and the kinetics and extent of their involvement might reveal new paradigms for approaches to therapy. Consequently, we assessed the functional deficit, comparing a comprehensive locomotor rating scale (LRS) with the inclined plane test at various times after injury. Using standard histology, along with cell-specific markers, we assessed PCD in different spinal cord segments using several parameters of apoptosis. Our results indicate that hind limb motor function was lost at day 1, and then only gradually and ineffectively (about 10-15%) recovered over the next month. Evidence for increased cell number was present for astrocytes and microglia beginning at day 1 after injury. Over the postinjury time period, apoptotic cells appeared (from day 1 to 14), and peaked (in terms of apoptotic index) on day 3. About one-third were microglia, whereas neurons, both large and small, also underwent apoptosis, again peaking at day 3. However, neurons continued to die and were not replaced by proliferation, so that at day 7, three times as many neurons (as a percentage) underwent PCD compared with the glial compartment. Oligodendrocytes also underwent apoptosis, with a biphasic curve, both at days 3 and 14 following injury. Thus, in addition to immediate, passive necrosis, delayed and apoptotic PCD also occurred in all cell populations in severely injured spinal cord.
Visualization of Critical pH-Controlled Gating of a Porous Membrane Grafted with Polyelectrolyte Brushes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTVisualization of Critical pH-Controlled Gating of a Porous Membrane Grafted with Polyelectrolyte BrushesYoshihiro Ito, Yong Soon Park, and Yukio ImanishiView Author Information PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Enginering, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-01, JapanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11, 2739–2740Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1997Publication History Received2 December 1996Published online19 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9641057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9641057rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views797Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Interface engineering,Membranes,pH,Polyelectrolytes,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Complications in 622 Cases of Frame-Based Stereotactic Biopsy, a Decreasing Procedure (2008)

Overall, complication rates were comparable with those in previous reports. The subgroup of patients with deep-seated lesions or a histologic diagnosis of GBM may possess an elevated risk of overall complications or mortality, respectively, compared to other patients undergoing frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy.
Amphiphilic p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene Scaffolds Containing Exposed Carbohydrate Dendrons (1999)

The best of both worlds. Amphiphilic hybrid molecules, in which water-exposed glycodendrons are attached to a hydrophobic p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene scaffold, display strong affinities for both carbohydrate-binding proteins and polystyrene surfaces (shown schematically). The molecules can form monolayers useful in bioanalytical devices.
Transdermal iontophoresis. Part II: Peptide and protein delivery (1999)

The advent of sophisticated biotechnological processes has generated an interest in peptide and protein pharmaceuticals. However, the rapid developments in biotechnology are not matched by the developments in the delivery of these molecules. Presently, most of the peptides and proteins are delivered by parenteral route due to their poor oral bioavailability. The inherent discomforts associated with the parenteral therapy has prompted investigations into other nonparenteral routes and drug delivery techniques. Transdermal iontophoresis is one such technique showing good promise in the controlled and enhanced delivery of peptides and proteins. It offers noninvasive, continuous, pulsatile delivery as well as preprogramed complex dosing regimens. Miniature battery powered and wearable patches for peptides and proteins are expected to be on the market by the turn of this century. In continuation of our earlier review, this review explores the potential of transdermal iontophoresis for the delivery of peptides and proteins with the main focus on the suitability of the technique along with the factors to be considered in the design of this drug delivery system and its future prospects.
Lysostaphin-Coated Titan-Implants Preventing Localized Osteitis by Staphylococcus aureus in a Mouse Model (2014)

The increasing incidence of implant-associated infections induced by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in combination with growing resistance to conventional antibiotics requires novel therapeutic strategies. In the current study we present the first application of the biofilm-penetrating antimicrobial peptide lysostaphin in the context of bone infections. In a standardized implant-associated bone infection model in mice beta-irradiated lysostaphin-coated titanium plates were compared with uncoated plates. Coating of the implant was established with a poly(D,L)-lactide matrix (PDLLA) comprising lysostaphin formulated in a stabilizing and protecting solution (SPS). All mice were osteotomized and infected with a defined count of SA. Fractures were fixed with lysostaphin-coated locking plates. Plates uncoated or PDLLA-coated served as controls. All mice underwent debridement and lavage on Days 7, 14, 28 to determine the bacterial load and local immune reaction. Fracture healing was quantified by conventional radiography. On Day 7 bacterial growth in the lavages of mice with lysostaphin-coated plates showed a significantly lower count to the control groups. Moreover, in the lysostaphin-coated plate groups complete fracture healing were observed on Day 28. The fracture consolidation was accompanied by a diminished local immune reaction. However, control groups developed an osteitis with lysis or destruction of the bone and an evident local immune response. The presented approach of terminally sterilized lysostaphin-coated implants appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for low grade infection or as prophylactic strategy in high risk fracture care e.g. after severe open fractures.
Secure cross-domain cookies for HTTP (2013)

Cookies represent an important element of HTTP providing state management to an otherwise stateless protocol. HTTP cookies currently in use are governed by the same origin policy that directs Web browsers to allow cookie sharing only between Web sites in the same DNS domain. As Web applications get richer, data sharing across domain boundaries becomes more important. While practical solutions to cross-domain data sharing exist, in many cases they increase complexity and cost. In this paper we propose a simple mechanism to share cookies using authorizations based on X.509 attribute and public key certificates. In addition to supporting secure cookie sharing between unrelated domains, it can be beneficial for hosts in the same domain when the currently used same origin policy is deemed too permissive, exposing cookies to leakage and spoofing.
Characterization of rotavirus NSP2/NSP5 interactions and the dynamics of viroplasm formation (2004)

Viroplasms are discrete structures formed in the cytoplasm of rotavirus-infected cells and constitute the replication machinery of the virus. The non-structural proteins NSP2 and NSP5 localize in viroplasms together with other viral proteins, including the polymerase VP1, VP3 and the main inner-core protein, VP2. NSP2 and NSP5 interact with each other, activating NSP5 hyperphosphorylation and the formation of viroplasm-like structures (VLSs). We have used NSP2 and NSP5 fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to investigate the localization of both proteins within viroplasms in virus-infected cells, as well as the dynamics of viroplasm formation. The number of viroplasms was shown first to increase and then to decrease with time post-infection, while the area of each one increased, suggesting the occurrence of fusions. The interaction between NSP2 and a series of NSP5 mutants was investigated using two different assays, a yeast two-hybrid system and an in vivo binding/immunoprecipitation assay. Both methods gave comparable results, indicating that the N-terminal region (33 aa) as well as the C-terminal part (aa 131-198) of NSP5 are required for binding to NSP2. When fused to the N and C terminus of EGFP, respectively, these two regions were able to confer the ability to localize in the viroplasm and to form VLSs with NSP2.
Material Synthesis in Supercritical Water (2000)

In this paper, we describe specific features of reactions in supercritical water. Around the critical point, phase behavior and reaction rate or kinetics varies significantly. In higher temperature region, contribution of noncatalytic reaction becomes significant even for hydrolysis, dehydration, or other heterolitic reactions. Complex contribution of these factors and the change of these effects sometimes lead to the appearance of extraordinary reactions. Previously reported researches on organic and inorganic synthesis reactions in supercritical water are summarized, referring to these key features, and controllability of reactions around the critical point is pointed out based on these results. Especially for the hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide fine particles, the method of which we have proposed and developed, detailed explanation and discussion has been made. Key features of the method (control of phase, reactions and crystallization) are summarized and then applications of this method to the continuous production of magnetic materials (BaO6 Fe2O3), Phosphor (YAG : Tb), and lithium ion battery materials (LiCoO2) are explained, with discussing the possibility of creating new materials.
Generation of virtual lung single‐photon emission computed tomography/CT fusion images for functional avoidance radiotherapy planning using machine learning algorithms (2019)

The results indicate that the cGAN model used here can generate functional areas from RT planning chest CT images. This could be used for functional image-guided RT planning, for example, to spare patients' lung function without additional imaging modalities and costs. Additional studies are needed with many more training and test sets.
Liquid crystalline single-polymer short-fibers composites (2013)

Single-polymer short-fibers composites (SPSFCs) were obtained by including Vectran® fibers in a Vectran® matrix. A thermal annealing treatment was optimized to increase the melting temperature, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of pristine Vectran® fibers, and a two-step process was successfully developed to consolidate SPSFCs containing up to 30 wt.% of reinforcement. The composites exhibited a remarkable improvement of the tensile modulus (up to 161%) and a decrease of elongation at break in comparison with the unfilled matrix. A slight decrease of the composites tensile strength was also observed which suggested an investigation of the matrix–reinforcement interfacial adhesion. SEM observations evidenced some pull-out phenomena, indicating a poor interfacial adhesion. A plasma surface treatment on the reinforcing fibers was performed in order to increase the interfacial adhesion in the composites. The results showed an increase of almost 180% in the tensile modulus compared with the unfilled matrix and fiber breakage as main fracture mechanism.
Days on market and home sales (2013)

In 2006, Massachusetts adopted a new policy that prohibits home sellers from resetting their properties’ days on market through relisting. Massachusetts homes exposed to the policy change experienced a $16,000 reduction in sale price relative to Rhode Island homes. Slow‐moving homes suffered a greater reduction, but newer listings only had a small increase in sale price. One reason is that some buyers were unaware of sellers’ manipulation of days on market and thus unable to recognize authentically new listings. Sellers reacted to the new policy by cutting listing prices, although in towns where listing price history was transparent, sellers raised listing prices to dampen the stigma of slow sales.
Emerging roles of lactic acid bacteria in protection against colorectal cancer (2014)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and the fourth most common cancer diagnosed among men and women in the United States. Considering the risk factors of CRC, dietary therapy has become one of the most effective approaches in reducing CRC morbidity and mortality. The use of probiotics is increasing in popularity for both the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases. As the most common types of microbes used as probiotics, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are comprised of an ecologically diverse group of microorganisms united by formation of lactic acid as the primary metabolite of sugar metabolism. LAB have been successfully used in managing diarrhea, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease. LAB also demonstrated a host of properties in preventing colorectal cancer development by inhibiting initiation or progression through multiple pathways. In this review, we discuss recent insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms of LAB in CRC prevention including apoptosis, antioxidant DNA damages, immune responses, and epigenetics. The emerging experimental findings from clinical trials as well as the proposed mechanisms of gut microbiota in carcinogenesis will also be briefly discussed.
Regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase activity by porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. (1984)

Alterations of the chemical structure of protoporphyrin IX markedly altered the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase purified from bovine lung. Hydrophobic side chains at positions 2 and 4 and vicinal propionic acid residues at positions 6 and 7 of the porphyrin ring (protoporphyrin IX, mesoporphyrin IX) were essential for maximal enzyme activation (Ka = 7-8 nM; Vmax = 6-8 mumol of cGMP/min/mg). Substitution of hydrophobic with polar groups (hematoporphyrin IX, coproporphyrin III), or with hydrogen atoms ( deuteroporphyrin IX), and methylation of propionate residues resulted in decreased enzyme stimulation. Stimulatory porphyrins increased the Vmax and the apparent affinities of enzyme for MgGTP and uncomplexed Mg2+. An open central core in the porphyrin ring was essential for enzyme activation. The pyrrolic nitrogen adduct, N-phenylprotoporphyrin IX, was inhibitory and competitive with protoporphyrin IX (KI = 73 nM). Similarly, metalloporphyrins inhibited enzymatic activity and ferro-protoporphyrin IX (KI = 350 nM), zinc-protoporphyrin IX (KI = 50 nM) and manganese-protoporphyrin IX (KI = 9 nM) were competitive with protoporphyrin IX. Inhibitory porphyrins and metalloporphyrins also prevented enzyme activation by S-nitroso-N- acetylpenicillamine and NO. Guanylate cyclase reconstituted with such porphyrins required higher concentrations of protoporphyrin IX for further activation and were not activated by NO. Thus, porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and NO appeared to interact at a common binding site on guanylate cyclase. This common site is likely that which normally binds heme and, therefore, NO-heme when the heme-containing enzyme is exposed to NO. Thus, NO and nitroso compounds may react with enzyme-bound heme to generate a modified porphyrin which structurally resembles protoporphyrin IX in its interaction with guanylate cyclase.
System-wide analyzer of performance: Performance analysis of multi-core computing systems with limited resources (2009)

In this paper a new dynamic performance analyzer intended for uni- and multi-core computing systems with limited resources is presented and described. This analyzer is called SWAP (system-wide analyzer of performance). Initial version of SWAP tool, called as ELP1 (embedded Linux Probe 1), was developed in Samsung Research Center (SRC) in 2006. This tool uses functional interface of Kprobes to provide the dynamic instrumentation of Linux kernel for ARM and MIPS architectures. ELP1 functionality allowed collecting raw data information (suc as register values, memory dump, etc) for any user predefined function of Linux kernel. Next revision of ELP1 tool, ELP2, was developed in SRC in 2007. ELP2 functionality allowed collecting traces from predefined functions in Linux kernel that contains general information of system characterization. Traces in ELP2 contained information from main Linux kernel functions such as arguments, return values and content of global kernel structures. ELP2 had pseudo-graphical interface on target that allows stand-alone monitoring of the system without any network connection. SWAP can monitor both kernel and application levels of the Linux system. Additional to ELP2 functionality, SWAP provides evaluation of the set of important system characteristics for main Linux subsystems (such as memory management, process management, file system and network). Also SWAP has some automatic performance analysis features such as trace comparison, automatic bottleneck region localization, etc.
Literate programming (1989)

.I 'Moderatm's Introdyction to Column 5 The mailbox fairly overflowed with responses to Eric ~~~~ton's program to expand generalized regular secessions (Comnzunications, December 1988, p. 1376). 'l&%ry &tter said &at it would have been more appropriate to solve Mark Kahrs's problem in another programming language. The introduction should have pointed out that Kahrs% program, which needed a strig-qx;p&nsion function, was itself written in C; thus, the requirement that it be possible to plug any solution into the larger program without much fuss practically demanded that Hamilton write in C.
Motion correction for improved estimation of heart rate using a visual spectrum camera (2017)

Heart rate measurement using a visual spectrum recording of the face has drawn interest over the last few years as a technology that can have various health and security applications. In our previous work, we have shown that it is possible to estimate the heart beat timing accurately enough to perform heart rate variability analysis for contactless stress detection. However, a major confounding factor in this approach is the presence of movement, which can interfere with the measurements. To mitigate the effects of movement, in this work we propose the use of face detection and tracking based on the Karhunen-Loewe algorithm in order to counteract measurement errors introduced by normal subject motion, as expected during a common seated conversation setting. We analyze the requirements on image acquisition for the algorithm to work, and its performance under different ranges of motion, changes of distance to the camera, as well and the effect of illumination changes due to different positioning with respect to light sources on the acquired signal. Our results suggest that the effect of face tracking on visual-spectrum based cardiac signal estimation depends on the amplitude of the motion. While for larger-scale conversation-induced motion it can significantly improve estimation accuracy, with smaller-scale movements, such as the ones caused by breathing or talking without major movement errors in facial tracking may interfere with signal estimation. Overall, employing facial tracking is a crucial step in adapting this technology to real-life situations with satisfactory results.
Optical properties and oxidation of<i>α</i>-phase Ag–Al thin films (2017)

We investigate a series of Ag-Al thin films containing up to 12 at% Al with the purpose of discovering whether these alloys would be a better choice for nanophotonic applications than pure Ag. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, AFM, x-ray diffraction and density functional theory are applied to explore and characterize the materials. Electromagnetic simulations of optical properties are used to place the results into a theoretical framework. We find that the increase in electron-to-atom ratio associated with the Al additions changes the optical properties: additions of the order of 1-2 at% Al are beneficial as they are associated with favorable changes in the dielectric function, but for greater additions of Al there is a flattening of the absorption edge and an increase in optical loss. In addition, contents of more than about 2 at% Al are associated with the onset of time-dependent intergranular oxidation, which causes a pronounced dip in the reflectance spectrum at about 2.3-2.4 eV (∼500-540 nm).
Measurement of impaired consciousness in the neurological intensive care unit: a new test (1998)

Neurological deterioration in alert patients with an acute CNS disorder can be subtle, but current coma scales may not clearly capture changes in level of alertness. Many coma scales include components such as eye opening and content of speech, features that are difficult to assess in intubated patients and patients with facial trauma. Two new tools have been devised by the authors. The components are a continuous performance test (patient is asked to raise his hand every time he hears a certain letter in a standardised sentence) and the three consecutive hand position test ("thumbs up-fist-victory sign"). Variation within and between observers was assessed with three neurologists, two junior neurology residents, and two neuroscience nurses, and compared with the Glasgow coma score. The average agreements had comparable ranges for both scores, 65% to 89% for both tests and 60% to 88% for the Glasgow coma score. On the first visit 49% of all tests with a maximum Glasgow coma score had a negative continuous performance test as opposed to 13% of tests with a less than maximum Glasgow coma score. For the consecutive hand position test, these numbers were respectively 25% and 2%. These tests may be a reasonable alternative to the Glasgow coma score to monitor patients, in particular when the verbal and eye response cannot be reliably tested.
Water Oxidation at Electrodes Modified with Earth‐Abundant Transition‐Metal Catalysts (2014)

Abstract A broad and critical description of the state‐of‐the‐art in water oxidation electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐evolving reaction is given. Technologically relevant catalysts for energy production from earth‐abundant metals are highlighted.