gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Promotes Functional Recovery of Contused Rat Spinal Cord through Enhancement of Endogenous Cell Proliferation and Oligogenesis (2012)

Numerous studies have shown the benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) model and on behavioral improvement, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, to investigate possible mechanisms by which MSCs contribute to the alleviation of neurologic deficits, we examined the potential effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) on the endogenous cell proliferation and oligogenesis after SCI. SCI was injured by contusion using a weight-drop impactor and hUCB-MSCs were transplanted into the boundary zone of the injured site. Animals received a daily injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 7 days after treatment to identity newly synthesized cells of ependymal and periependymal cells that immunohistochemically resembled stem/progenitor cells was evident. Behavior analysis revealed that locomotor functions of hUCB-MSCs group were restored significantly and the cavity volume was smaller in the MSCs-transplanted rats compared to the control group. In MSCs-transplanted group, TUNEL-positive cells were decreased and BrdU-positive cells were significantly increased rats compared with control group. In addition, more of BrdU-positive cells expressed neural stem/progenitor cell nestin and oligo-lineage cell such as NG2, CNPase, MBP and glial fibrillary acidic protein typical of astrocytes in the MSC-transplanted rats. Thus, endogenous cell proliferation and oligogenesis contribute to MSC-promoted functional recovery following SCI.
Personalized Web views for multilingual Web sources (2004)

When browsing information on large Web sites, users often receive too much irrelevant information. The WWW information collection, collaging, and programming (Wiccap) system lets ordinary users build personalized Web views, which let them see only the information they want - and in the way they prefer. It provides a set of GUI tools, including a mapping wizard, extraction agent, and presentation toolkit, that hide the internal representation from ordinary users, but let experienced users create more advanced mapping rules. Wiccap encapsulates HTML and language-specific details from the original Web site, facilitating the creation of personalized Web views for multilingual sites.
Analysis of chondroitin sulfate in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography. (1986)

コンドロイチン硫酸の高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる分子量分布の測定と定量につき検討を加えた.ジオール型シリカゲルカラム(ボアサイズ300Å,粒子径5μm,500×7.9mm i.d.)と移動相としてメタノール-0.1M塩化カリウム水溶液(1:1)を用いた場合,良好な結果を得た.なお,分子量校正用の標準品としてボリエチレングリコールを用いた。本分析法を注射剤及び点眼剤のコンドロイチン硫酸に応用したところ,定量精度1%以内,分子量分布の測定精度2%以内で測定ができた.測定時間が30分以内で比較的短いことから,医薬品中のコソドロイチン硫酸の品質管理に本法が適用できるものと考える.
Electroacupuncture enhances hippocampal NSCs proliferation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats via activation of notch signaling pathway (2013)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which electroacupuncture (EA) enhances hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injured rats. A total of 72 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham operation control group (SC), the ischemia control group (IC) and the EA group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to establish the focal cerebral I/R injury model. Proliferation of hippocampal NSCs in cerebral I/R injured rats was determined by the Nestin immunohistochemical staining. Activation of the notch signaling pathway was detected by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The serum level of neurotrophic factors, e.g., the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that EA at Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints significantly alleviated neurological deficits, reduced infarct volumes and promoted the proliferation of hippocampal NSCs in cerebral I/R injured rats. The crucial signaling molecules in the notch signaling pathway were activated and the secretion of BDNF and GDNF was increased upon EA. The protein and mRNA levels of Cyclin D1, Cdk4 and p-Rb were increased, while p21 and p27 transcripts were suppressed by notch signaling. These results suggest that the up-regulatory effect of EA on the notch signaling pathway and neurotrophic factor secretion may result in the promotion of NSCs proliferation and consequently a therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Atrial Fibrillation: The Past, The Present and The Future. (2015)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related cardiac arrhythmia. It is a progressive disease, which makes treatment difficult. The progression of AF is caused by the accumulation of damage in cardiomyocytes which makes the atria more vulnerable for AF. Especially structural remodeling and electrical remodeling, together called electropathology are sustainable in the atria and impair functional recovery to sinus rhythm after cardioversion. The exact electropathological mechanisms underlying persistence of AF are at present unknown. High resolution wavemapping studies in patients with different types of AF showed that longitudinal dissociation in conduction and epicardial breakthrough were the key elements of the substrate of longstanding persistent AF. A double layer of electrically dissociated waves propagating transmurally can explain persistence of AF (Double Layer Hypothesis) but the molecular mechanism is unknown. Derailment of proteasis -defined as the homeostasis in protein synthesis, folding, assembly, trafficking, guided by chaperones, and clearance by protein degradation systems - may play an important role in remodeling of the cardiomyocyte. As current therapies are not effective in attenuating AF progression, step-by-step analysis of this process, in order to identify potential targets for drug therapy, is essential. In addition, novel mapping approaches enabling assessment of the degree of electropathology in the individual patient are mandatory to develop patient-tailored therapies. The aims of this review are to 1) summarize current knowledge of the electrical and molecular mechanisms underlying AF 2) discuss the shortcomings of present diagnostic instruments and therapeutic options and 3) to present potential novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets.
An imaging library for a TriCore based digital camera (2002)

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of an efficient and compact image processing library for a digital still camera based on Siemens TriCore microcontroller-DSP processor. The library is designed for use in both off-line (e.g. NT based Pentium platforms) as well as on-line (TriCore implementation). To satisfy the constraints of embedded systems the library was designed to operate on an input image using the concept of band processing. In such a method, the input image is divided into an appropriate number of data bands (strips). The image bands are then processed separately using a pipeline of band based operators. The processed bands are then collected into a single output image. Most of the operators incorporated in the library take advantage of the band processing mechanism and operate on a stream of such image bands. This scheme not only alleviates the memory space requirements but also lends itself to multithreading and parallel processing implementations with potential for even faster performance. The library was optimized in terms of code size (31 kilobytes) and processing speed (1.98 sec. on an 1008/spl times/800 input image in the acquisition mode of operation) to meet the current requirements of a size less than 250 kilobytes and a processing speed of less than 2 seconds/image.
A control algorithm for autonomous optimization of extracellular recordings (2006)

This paper develops a control algorithm that can autonomously position an electrode so as to find and then maintain an optimal extracellular recording position. The algorithm was developed and tested in a two-neuron computational model representative of the cells found in cerebral cortex. The algorithm is based on a stochastic optimization of a suitably defined signal quality metric and is shown capable of finding the optimal recording position along representative sampling directions, as well as maintaining the optimal signal quality in the face of modeled tissue movements. The application of the algorithm to acute neurophysiological recording experiments and its potential implications to chronic recording electrode arrays are discussed.
Motion field texture synthesis (2009)

A variety of animation effects such as herds and fluids contain detailed motion fields characterized by repetitive structures. Such detailed motion fields are often visually important, but tedious to specify manually or expensive to simulate computationally. Due to the repetitive nature, some of these motion fields (e.g. turbulence in fluids) could be synthesized by procedural texturing, but procedural texturing is known for its limited generality. We apply example-based texture synthesis for motion fields. Our technique is general and can take on a variety of user inputs, including captured data, manual art, and physical/procedural simulation. This data-driven approach enables artistic effects that are difficult to achieve via previous methods, such as heart shaped swirls in fluid animation. Due to the use of texture synthesis, our method is able to populate a large output field from a small input exemplar, imposing minimum user workload. Our algorithm also allows the synthesis of output motion fields not only with the same dimension as the input (e.g. 2D to 2D) but also of higher dimension, such as 3D volumetric outputs from 2D planar inputs. This cross-dimension capability supports a convenient usage scenario, i.e. the user could simply supply 2D images and our method produces a 3D motion field with similar characteristics. The motion fields produced by our method are generic, and could be combined with a variety of large-scale low-resolution motions that are easy to specify either manually or computationally but lack the repetitive structures to be characterized as textures. We apply our technique to a variety of animation phenomena, including smoke, liquid, and group motion.
Filtering of impulse noise in digital signals using logical transform (2005)

Median filters excel at removing impulse noise from digital signals, with high accuracy and quick running-times. However, they have limitations if the resulting signals are to be used for feature recognition purposes, as they often remove crucial details and add unwanted noise. In this paper, an algorithm for digital filtering using the logical transform is proposed. This method is able to achieve mean-squared-error results similar to median type filters while maintaining image details. Variations of the algorithm allow for greater noise reduction, but at the cost of increased computation.
Analysis of the switching speed of a submicrometer-gate CMOS/SOS inverter (1981)

The speed of a short-channel CMOS/SOS inverter circuit can be predicted with the use of a simple analytical model. Transistor switching times and stage charging times are assumed to contribute independently to the total propagation delay. The analysis is shown to represent accurately the behavior of 1.5- and 0.9-µm-gate CMOS/SOS ring oscillators.
α9β1: A Novel Osteoclast Integrin That Regulates Osteoclast Formation and Function (2006)

These results support a previously unknown role for alpha(9)beta(1) integrin in OCL formation and function.
Molybdenum sulfide/carbide catalysts (2023)

The present invention provides methods of synthesizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS.sub.2) and carbon-containing molybdenum disulfide (MoS.sub.2-xC.sub.x) catalysts that exhibit improved catalytic activity for hydrotreating reactions involving hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrogenation. The present invention also concerns the resulting catalysts. Furthermore, the invention concerns the promotion of these catalysts with Co, Ni, Fe, and/or Ru sulfides to create catalysts with greater activity, for hydrotreating reactions, than conventional catalysts such as cobalt molybdate on alumina support.
Silver Nanoparticles Filling in TiO2 Hollow Nanofibers by Coaxial Electrospinning (2008)

Abstract This study investigated the coaxial electrospinning process of silver filling in TiO 2 ultrafine hollow fibers using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) sol/titanium n -butyloxide (Ti(OC 4 H 9 ) 4 ) and PVP sol/silver nanoparticles as pore-directing agents. The bicomponent fibers were heat treated at 200 °C and calcined at 600 °C. Silver particles having diameters of 5 to 40 nm were deposited on the inner surface of the long hollow TiO 2 nanofibers (outer diameter of 150.300 nm) with mesoporous walls (thickness of 10.20 nm). The morphological structure of the filled ultrafine hollow fibers has been studied by means of infrared (IR) spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The diameters and wall thicknesses of the hollow fibers could be tuned by adjusting the electrospinning parameters. Compared with other nanostructured TiO 2 materials, such as mesoporous Ag-TiO 2 blending fibers, TiO 2 hollow nanofibers, TiO 2 nanofibers, and TiO 2 powders, the silver filled TiO 2 hollow fibers exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue.
Amisulpride for schizophrenia (2002)

This systematic review confirms that amisulpride is an effective 'atypical' antipsychotic drug for those with schizophrenia. Amisulpride may offer a good general profile, at least compared to high-potency 'typical' antipsychotics. It may also yield better results in some specific outcomes related to efficacy, such as improvement of global state and general negative symptoms. It might be more acceptable and more tolerable than high-potency conventional antipsychotics, especially regarding extrapyramidal side-effects. Longer term randomised trials are needed to evaluate the comparative value of amisulpride, particularly compared to other expensive atypical antipsychotics. These should focus on important outcomes which have not been sufficiently monitored such as service use, family burden and quality of life.
Valerie Volk, Passion Play: The Oberammergau Tales (Wakefield Press, 2013) (2014)

It was Newton who said: 'If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants'. Something similar could be said by many of the authors who are inspired by writers who have gone before them. Valerie Volk, in her verse novel, may not have seen further than Chaucer, but she has seen him from a different angle and that makes for an interesting and evocative narrative. In doing so, she draws on the richness of Chaucer's characters and the charm of their stories. But by putting her verse novel into a modern context, she has allowed herself a greater freedom to explore the thoughts and motivation of the pilgrims in a way that will resonate with contemporary readers.Volk's pilgrims are not riding to Canterbury, but travelling in a bus to Oberammergau, Germany, for the Passion play that has been staged there every ten years since 1634. Their journey takes four days, which matches the time span in Canterbury Tales - and the characters portrayed by Volk match those in Chaucer's poem. In case the reader is not familiar with Chaucer, the contents page lists the characters in Passion Play against those in Chaucer, and each section is prefaced by a verse from Chaucer. I wondered if this was necessary, as the characters do stand complete in their own right, but undoubtedly part of the interest of the novel is its reference to the medieval poet. One feature not found in Chaucer is the character of Caroline, a journalist who has joined the pilgrimage in search of a good story for her magazine, while using the time away from her married lover to assess their relationship. Caroline moves the narrative along while allowing us to see the pilgrims through another's eyes. In the same way, the reader is allowed access to the thoughts of the pilgrims, a privilege not allowed Caroline, nor one allowed by Chaucer.The Prologue explains the way the tradition of the play came into being with a confession by the man who brought the plague to Oberammergau in 1633, by returning to his wife and family from the village where he had been working in a village where the plague was rampant. The Passion play and the villagers' promise to repeat it every ten years was their way to placate God and end the plague. The man who had brought the infection to the village found no relief:I must accept the truth, the truth I have deniedI knew full well what I was doingWhen I came back.It was my choice to come.The guilt is mine. (11)The narrative then moves to the twenty-first century, as we meet Caroline, who sets off rather reluctantly to undertake the journey as an journalistic assignment. …
eQASM: An Executable Quantum Instruction Set Architecture (2019)

A widely-used quantum programming paradigm comprises of both the data How and control How. Existing quantum hardware cannot well support the control How, significantly limiting the range of quantum software executable on the hardware. By analyzing the constraints in the control microarchitecture, we found that existing quantum assembly languages are either too high-level or too restricted to support comprehensive How control on the hardware. Also, as observed with the quantum microinstruction set QuMIS [1], the quantum instruction set architecture (QISA) design may suffer from limited scalability and Hexibility because of microarchitectural constraints. It is an open challenge to design a scalable and Hexible QISA which provides a comprehensive abstraction of the quantum hardware. In this paper, we propose an executable QISA, called eQASM, that can be translated from quantum assembly language (QASM), supports comprehensive quantum program How control, and is executed on a quantum control microarchitecture. With efficient timing specification, single-operation-multiple-qubit execution, and a very-long-instruction-word architecture, eQASM presents better scalability than QuMIS. The definition of eQASM focuses on the assembly level to be expressive. Quantum operations are configured at compile time instead of being defined at QISA design time. We instantiate eQASM into a 32-bit instruction set targeting a seven-qubit superconducting quantum processor. We validate our design by performing several experiments on a two-qubit quantum processor.
Oxides Formed on Titanium by Polishing, Etching, Anodizing, or Thermal Oxidizing (2000)

Photoelectrochemistry (PEC), glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GAXRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) in synthetic salt water were utilized to investigate the nature of different oxides formed on titanium by thermal oxidizing, polishing, acid-etching, and anodizing. This work demonstrated that at least four different types of titanium oxide were formed on the surface of titanium, depending on the surface treatment. Rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) was formed on thermally oxidized titanium, and rutile provided the lowest passive current in seawater, the lowest bandgap (3.0 eV), and the highest photocurrent quantum efficiency of all the surface treatments tested. A titanium oxide-hydroxide with a bandgap of 3.5 eV was found on polished, acid-etched, or step-anodized (to 1.5 V) titanium. This same oxide-hydroxide was also present on the surface of cubic titanium monoxide (TiO) immersed in salt water. A second titanium oxide-hydroxide with a bandgap of 3.35 eV was found on the surface of slow ramp anodized titanium (to 2.0 V). Previous work by others has shown the presence of anatase on the surface of thick anodized titanium (bandgap of 3.2 eV).
Duplicated hash routing: arobust algorithm for a distributed WWW cache System (2000)

Hash routing is an algorithm for a distributed WWW caching system that achieves a high hit rate by preventing overlaps of objects between caches. However, one of the drawbacks of hash routing is its lack of robustness against failure. Because WWW becomes a vital service on the Internet, the capabilities of fault tolerance of systems that provide the WWW service come to be important. In this paper, we propose a duplicated hash routing algorithm, an extension of hash routing. Our algorithm introduces minimum redundancy to keep system performance when some caching nodes are crashed. In addition, we optionally allow each node to cache objects requested by its local clients (local caching), which may waste cache capacity of the system but it can cut down the network traffic between caching nodes. We evaluate various aspects of the system performance such as hit rates, error rates and network traffic by simulations and compare them with those of other algorithms. The results show that our algorithm achieves both high fault tolerance and high performance with low system overhead. keywords: fault tolerance, distributed WWW caching systems, hash routing, hit rates, network traffic, cache redun-
Coupling of Insulin Secretion and Display of a Granule-resident Zinc Transporter ZnT8 on the Surface of Pancreatic Beta Cells (2017)

The islet-specific zinc transporter ZnT8 mediates zinc enrichment in the insulin secretory granules of the pancreatic beta cell. This granular zinc transporter is also a major self-antigen found in type 1 diabetes patients. It is not clear whether ZnT8 can be displayed on the cell surface and how insulin secretion may regulate the level of ZnT8 exposure to extracellular immune surveillance. Here we report specific antibody binding to the extracellular surface of rat insulinoma INS-1E cells that stably expressed a tagged human zinc transporter ZnT8. Flow cytometry analysis after fluorescent antibody labeling revealed strong correlations among the levels of ZnT8 expression, its display on the cell surface, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Glucose stimulation increased the surface display of endogenous ZnT8 from a basal level to 32.5% of the housekeeping Na(+)/K(+) ATPase on the cell surface, thereby providing direct evidence for a GSIS-dependent surface exposure of the ZnT8 self-antigen. Moreover, the variation in tagged-ZnT8 expression and surface labeling enabled sorting of heterogeneous beta cells to subpopulations that exhibited marked differences in GSIS with parallel changes in endogenous ZnT8 expression. The abundant surface display of endogenous ZnT8 and its coupling to GSIS demonstrated the potential of ZnT8 as a surface biomarker for tracking and isolating functional beta cells in mixed cell populations.
Performance Analysis of the 3GPP-LTE Physical Control Channels (2010)

Maximum likelihood-based (ML) receiver structures are derived for the decoding of the downlink control channels in the new long-term evolution (LTE) standard based on multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The performance of the proposed receiver structures for the physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) and the physical hybrid-ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) is analyzed for various fading-channel models and MIMO schemes including space frequency block codes (SFBC). Analytical expressions for the average probability of error are derived for each of these physical channels. The impact of channel-estimation error on the orthogonality of the spreading codes applied to users in a PHICH group is investigated, and an expression for the signal-to-self interference plus noise ratio is derived for Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) systems. Finally, a matched filter bound on the probability of error for the PHICH in a multipath fading channel is derived. The analytical results are validated against computer simulations.