gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The C-terminus of prestin influences nonlinear capacitance and plasma membrane targeting (2005)

Prestin is a unique molecular-motor protein expressed in the lateral plasma membrane of outer hair cells (OHC) in the organ of Corti of the mammalian cochlea. It is thought that prestin undergoes conformational changes driven by the cell's membrane potential. The resulting alterations in OHC-length are assumed to constitute the cochlear amplifier. Prestin is a member of the anion solute carrier family 26 (SCL26A), but it is different from other family members in its unique function of voltage-driven motility. Because the C-terminus is the least conserved region in the family, we investigated its influence with a series of deletion, point and chimeric mutants. The function and cellular expression of mutants were examined in a heterologous expression system by measurement of nonlinear capacitance (NLC) and immunofluorescence. Each mutant produced a unique mixture of patterns of cell morphologies, which were classified as to the location of prestin within the cell. The data from deletion mutants (Del516, Del525, Del630, Del590, Del709, Del719) revealed that nearly the full length (>708 amino acids) of the protein was required for normal prestin expression and function. Since most deletion mutations eliminated plasma membrane targeting, chimeric proteins were constructed by fusing prestin, at amino acid 515 or 644, with the homologous portion of the C-terminus from the two most closely related SLC26A members, pendrin and putative anion exchanger 1. These chimeric proteins were again improperly (but differently) targeted than simple truncation mutants, and all lacked functional phenotype. When two of the potential basolateral membrane-targeting motifs were mutated (Y520A/Y526A), incomplete plasma membrane expression was seen. We also show that some double point mutations (V499G/Y501H) fully express in the plasma membrane but lack NLC. These non-charged amino acids may have unrevealed important roles in prestin's function. Together, these data suggest that certain specific sequences and individual amino acids in the C-terminus are necessary for correct cellular distribution and function.
Low loss, wide transparency, robust tellurite glass fibers for mid-IR (2 - 5 μm) applications (2013)

Mid Infrared (MIR) fiber optics has gained a great deal of interest over the past several decades. Applications range from passive transport to fiber lasers and nonlinear applications. These fibers have found use in a wide array of fields such as sensing, military countermeasures, scientific instrumentation, medical instrumentation, and in research laboratories. As with all fiber development there is a continual urge to seek better performance characteristics including transparency over a wide wavelength range, corrosion resistance, high power handling and low loss. We report on development of tellurite glass fibers displaying exceptionally high performance for various applications including wide band, low loss passive transport for mid IR, high efficiency, wide wavelength range and high power supercontinuum generation from visible to MIR wavelengths >4.5um, and active doping in fibers for use in laser cooling. High performance in each of these areas of interest has been brought about by development of a stable glass formulation and advanced processing techniques to remove impurities ions, entrapped hydroxyl, and scatter centers which allow fibers to be made with exceptionally low losses ~0.2dB/m.
A PIP2 substitute mediates voltage sensor-pore coupling in KCNQ activation (2020)

KCNQ family K<sup>+</sup> channels (KCNQ1-5) in the heart, nerve, epithelium and ear require phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP<sub>2</sub>) for voltage dependent activation. While membrane lipids are known to regulate voltage sensor domain (VSD) activation and pore opening in voltage dependent gating, PIP<sub>2</sub> was found to interact with KCNQ1 and mediate VSD-pore coupling. Here, we show that a compound CP1, identified in silico based on the structures of both KCNQ1 and PIP<sub>2</sub>, can substitute for PIP<sub>2</sub> to mediate VSD-pore coupling. Both PIP<sub>2</sub> and CP1 interact with residues amongst a cluster of amino acids critical for VSD-pore coupling. CP1 alters KCNQ channel function due to different interactions with KCNQ compared with PIP<sub>2</sub>. We also found that CP1 returned drug-induced action potential prolongation in ventricular myocytes to normal durations. These results reveal the structural basis of PIP<sub>2</sub> regulation of KCNQ channels and indicate a potential approach for the development of anti-arrhythmic therapy.
Magnetic guidance of drug-carrying microspheres (1978)

Physical laws underlying the intravascular magnetic guidance of a novel drug carrier are discussed. The drug carrier is a magnetically responsive drug-bearing microsphere measuring approximately 1 μm in diameter. The microspheres consist of an albumin matrix in which a prototype drug (adriamycin HCl) and ultrafine Fe3O4 particles are entrapped. An in vitro analog of the human circulatory system is used to test both bipolar and unipolar magnetic arrangements which can retain microspheres flowing in aqueous suspension in the area of applied magnetic field. Retention of the microspheres by the magnetic field is shown to vary with the linear velocity of the viscous suspending medium and to be dependent on the magnitude of the applied magnetic force. This system permits extracorporeal control over the distribution of intravascular soluble chemotherapeutic agents and allows their concentration at specified body sites.
<title>Thermoacoustic computed tomography: limits to spatial resolution</title> (1999)

Numerical simulations are a valuable tool in the development of complex systems. They provide the ability to determine the effects of individual parameters on system functionality, and in the case of electronic systems, the ability to examine the system without the limitations introduced by electronic noise. The Thermoacoustic Computed Tomography (TACT) system under development was a natural candidate for numerical analysis. Early versions of the system exhibited exceptional promise, but final image quality was limited by a variety of confounding geometrical and electronic factors. The simulations described in this paper were used to generate the transducer signals that would theoretically be collected by the actual TACT imaging system when a sample was exposed to a pulse of electromagnetic radiation. The simulated data streams were then fed into the actual image reconstruction software to provide images of the 'virtual' phantoms. These images were analyzed and quantified to provide a measure of the system parameters responsible for the image blurs that limit system spatial resolution.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Bisbenzimidazoles as <i>Escherichia coli</i> Topoisomerase IA Inhibitors and Potential Antibacterial Agents (2014)

Novel bisbenzimidazole inhibitors of bacterial type IA topoisomerase are of interest for the development of new antibacterial agents that are impacted by target-mediated cross resistance with fluoroquinolones. The present study demonstrates the successful synthesis and evaluation of bisbenzimidazole analogues as Escherichia coli topoisomerase IA inhibitors. 5-(4-Propylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[2'-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5'-benzimidazolyl]benzimidazole (12b) showed significant relaxation inhibition activity against EcTopo 1A (IC50 = 2 ± 0.005 μM) and a tendency to chelate metal ion. Interestingly, these compounds did not show significant inhibition of E. coli DNA gyrase and hTop 1 even up to 100 μM. Compound 12b has shown lowest MIC against E. coli strains among 24 compounds evaluated. The binding affinity constant and binding free energy of 12b with EcTopo 1A was observed 6.8 × 10(6) M(-1) and -10.84 kcal mol(-1) from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), respectively. In vivo mouse systemic infection and neutropenic thigh model experimental results confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of 12b, suggesting further development of this class of compounds as antibacterial agents.
The hypoglycaemic activity of fenugreek seed extract is mediated through the stimulation of an insulin signalling pathway (2005)

The in vivo hypoglycaemic activity of a dialysed fenugreek seed extract (FSE) was studied in alloxan (AXN)-induced diabetic mice and found to be comparable to that of insulin (1.5 U kg(-1)). FSE also improved intraperitoneal glucose tolerance in normal mice. The mechanism by which FSE attenuated hyperglycaemia was investigated in vitro. FSE stimulated glucose uptake in CHO-HIRc-mycGLUT4eGFP cells in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was shown to be mediated by the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the intracellular space to the plasma membrane. These effects of FSE on GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake were inhibited by wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor, and bisindolylmaleimide 1, a protein kinase C (PKC)-specific inhibitor. In vitro phosphorylation analysis revealed that, like insulin, FSE also induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins including the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1 and p85 subunit of PI3-K, in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human hepatoma cells, HepG2. However, unlike insulin, FSE had no effect on protein kinase B (Akt) activation. These results suggest that in vivo the hypoglycaemic effect of FSE is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of an insulin signalling pathway in adipocytes and liver cells.
Reflective single-mode fiber-optic passive star couplers (1988)

Architecture arrangements for constructing reflective single-mode fiber-optic passive star couplers for high-speed optical local-area networks using simple components, e.g. 3-dB couplers and mirrors, are presented. Besides the savings of fibers, the number of components needed to construct a reflective star is shown to be half of that needed for an equivalent transmissive star. To avoid unpredictable interference effects, only structures that are free of multipaths are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Electrochemical Study on NH <sub>4</sub> VOPO <sub>4</sub> : Can Ion-Exchange Improve Side Reactions? (2021)

Increasing demands for higher energy density batteries have inspired multi-electron cathodes which can double the energy density per transition metal cation. In Li-ion batteries, vanadyl phosphates have been shown to intercalate 2 Li + per V center by activating V 4+/5+ and V 3+/4+ redox couples, resulting in a gravimetric capacity of 305 mAh g −1 . In order to employ the VOPO 4 structure in earth abundant and cheaper alkali-ion batteries, channels must be expanded to allow the diffusion of larger cations. This can be achieved by pillaring the VOPO 4 framework with large cations. KVOPO 4 has been shown to be a high capacity cathode in Na-ion batteries, however not all of the K could be removed from the structure, limiting the accessible capacity. NH 4 VOPO 4 is similar to KVOPO 4 where the KTP-type VOPO 4 framework is enlarged and distorted due to the presence of large cations. In this study, we investigate the electrochemical performance of NH 4 VOPO 4. While the pristine material suffers greatly from parasitic reactions, we show that electrochemistry and thermal stability can be improved by exchanging some of the NH 4 + with Na + .
Use of polymer fiber stationary phases for liquid chromatography separations: Part I – physical and chemical rationale (2008)

The idea of using polymer fibers as stationary phases for LC is not a new one. There are in fact a number of good reasons for which they should be considered. To this point though, they have not produced sufficiently good performance to garner much commercial interest. Presented here are the physical and chemical rationale by which they should show enhanced performance relative to conventional stationary phases. Most notably, the mass transport and hydrodynamic characteristics suggest applications in areas of macromolecule and prep-scale separations. Additionally, there exists an incredible wealth of polymer surface chemistries and potential derivatization pathways that greatly exceed what is practical on conventional silica supports. The potential for important impact suggests further research into polymer fiber phases.
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydroamination of Alkynes and Allenes with Ammonia (2008)

A golden ticket to the synthesis of reactive nitrogen-containing compounds, such as imines, enamines, and allyl amines, through the addition of NH3 to unsaturated bonds is the cationic cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene–gold(I) catalyst shown in blue (Dipp=diisopropylphenyl). An ideal initial step for the preparation of simple bulk chemicals, this reaction is also useful for the synthesis of more complex molecules (see examples).
Detection of Low Intensity Optical Wavefronts Using Noise Reduction Techniques in Photorefractive Amplifiers (1991)

Noise reduction techniques in photorefractive amplifiers are centrally important for numerous applications in image processing, pattern recognition and detection of ultra-low optical wavefronts. Recently original techniques for reducing the optical noise were proposed and experimentally demonstrated (1-3) . Rotating the crystal is a very general method which successfully removes the amplified scattered noise and the multiple interface parasite reflections. In this paper, we propose an alternative for which no mechanical movement is required. As will detailed in the following, this new noise reduction method is mostly suited to photorefractive materials which exhibit a strong resonance of the two-wave mixing gain around the optimum angle between the injected signal and the pump beam.
Heteroarotinoids. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity in terms of an assessment of these systems to inhibit the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity and to induce terminal differentiation of HL-60 cells (1987)

The synthesis of certain heteroarotinoids has been achieved, namely the systems (2E,4E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-7-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-6 -thiochromanyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienoic acid (1a), ethyl (2E,4E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-7- (1,2,3,4-teterahydro-4,4-dimethyl-6-thiochromanyl)-2,4,6- heptatrienoate (1b), (2E,4E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-7-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-6 -chromanyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienoic acid (1c), 2-phthalimidoethyl 3,7-dimethyl-7-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4 4-dimethyl-6-thiochromanyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienoate (1d), methyl (E)-p-[2-(4,4- dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-1-propenyl]benzoate (2a), (E)-p-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-1-propenyl]benzyl alcohol (2b), (E)-p-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-1-propenyl]benzonitrile (2c), (E)-p-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-1-propenyl]benzaldehyde (2d), methyl 4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl)-1-propenyl] benzoate (3a), and (E)-p-[2-(2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl)-1- propenyl]benzoic acid (3b). Characterization via elemental, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses was completed for these heterocycles. The biological activity of these heteroarotinoids was assayed by either the suppression of the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induced synthesis of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in mouse skin or the induction of differentiation of human (HL-60) promyelocytic cells. In the ODC assay, systems 1a-c exhibited strong activity (within 10% of or less than the control) whereas alcohols 2b and 3a showed good activity (within 50% of the control) as compared to either 13-cis-retinoic acid or trans-retinoic acid. Moderate activity was observed with 2a and 2b while 1d and 2c were essentially inactive. With the HL-60 assay, 1a and 1c were approximately 2- and 5-fold less active, respectively, than trans-retinoic acid. In contrast, 2a, 3a, and 3b induced differentiation of only a very small percentage of the cells. Acids 1a and 1c were the most active heteroarotinoids in the two biological assays. Consequently, the presence of the heteroatom does not eradicate the activity of the heteroarotinoids and thus they may have potential as chemotherapeutic agents.
Saliency Prediction for Mobile User Interfaces (2018)

We introduce models for saliency prediction for mobile user interfaces. A mobile interface may include elements like buttons and text in addition to natural images which enable performing a variety of tasks. Saliency in natural images is a well studied topic. However, given the difference in what constitutes a mobile interface, and the usage context of these devices, we postulate that saliency prediction for mobile interface images requires a fresh approach. Mobile interface design involves operating on elements, the building blocks of the interface. We first collected eye-gaze data from mobile devices for a free viewing task. Using this data, we develop a novel autoencoder based multi-scale deep learning model that provides saliency prediction at the mobile interface element level. Compared to saliency prediction approaches developed for natural images, we show that our approach performs significantly better on a range of established metrics.
Immunogenicity of a lambda phage-based anti-cancer vaccine targeting HAAH (2013)

Meeting abstracts We have designed, developed and produced a lambda-phage based anti-cancer vaccine (nano-particle) targeting human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (HAAH). This follows accumulated evidence that HAAH meets requirements of a good target for anti-cancer immunotherapy. The
Citric juice-mediated synthesis of tellurium nanoparticles with antimicrobial and anticancer properties (2019)

Bacterial infections and cancer are two of the most significant concerns that the current healthcare system should tackle nowadays. Green nanotechnology is presented as a feasible solution that is able to produce materials with significant anticancer and antibacterial activity, while overcoming the main limitations of traditional synthesis. In the present work, orange, lemon and lime extracts were used as both reducing and capping agents for the green synthesis of tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs) using a microwave-assisted reaction. TeNPs showed a uniform size distribution, and rod- and cubic-shapes, and were extensively characterized in terms of morphology, structure and composition using TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, FTIR and EDX analysis. TeNPs showed an important antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria in a range concentrations from 5 to 50 μg/mL over a 24-hour time period. Besides, nanoparticles showed anticancer effect towards human melanoma cells over 48 hours at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL. Moreover, the Te nanostructures showed no significant cytotoxic effect towards human dermal fibroblast at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL. Therefore, we present an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective synthesis of TeNPs using only fruit juices and showing enhanced and desirable biomedical properties towards both infectious diseases and cancer.
Lightweight tagging expands information and activity management practices (2009)

Could people use tagging to manage day-to-day work in their personal computing environment? Could tagging be sufficiently generic and lightweight to support diverse ways of working and, perhaps, support new and efficient practices for managing applications and accessing documents? We investigate these issues by implementing the TAGtivity system that enables users to tag resources in the context of their ongoing work. We deployed TAGtivity and studied users' tagging practices in their actual work places over a three week period. Our analysis of interviews and logs reveals that affordances of the TAGtivity system supported users in a variety of information and activity management tasks. These include new practices for managing emerging activities and ephemeral information and accessing documents across application data silos.
Applying Neural Network Classifiers in the Diagnosis of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome from Nocturnal Pulse Oximetric Recordings (2007)

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of neural networks as an assistant tool for the diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). A total of 187 subjects suspected of suffering from OSAS (111 with a positive diagnosis of OSAS and 76 with a negative diagnosis of OSAS) took part in the study. The initial population was divided into training, validation and test sets for deriving and testing our neural classifiers. Our method was based on spectral and non-linear features extracted from overnight arterial oxygen saturation (SaO_(2)) recordings. A seven-element input vector was used for patient classification. We selected four spectral features from the estimated power spectral density (PSD) of SaO_(2). In addition, three input features were computed from non-linear analysis of SaO_(2). Two neural classifiers were assessed: the multilayer perceptron (MLP) network and the radial basis function (RBF) network. The RBF classifier provided the best diagnostic performance with an accuracy of 86.3% (89.9% sensitivity and 81.1% specificity).
Development, application and commercialization of transparent paper (2014)

Transparent paper made of cellulose for next generation 'green' electronic devices is a completely new concept that has attracted great attention over the past decade due to a variety of prominent properties of cellulose such as its natural origin, environmental safety and renewability. Various proof-of-concept transparent paper-based electronics have been demonstrated by scientists from all over the world. In this article, we first discuss the natural cellulose-based materials for transparent paper. We then summarize recent advances in the fabrication of transparent paper, including filtration, casting, extrusion and impregnation. The latest developments in transparent and flexible paper electronic devices are also demonstrated, such as photovoltaic devices, transistors, organic light emitting diodes and displays. Finally, we discuss the economically efficient routes for the mass production of transparent paper.
Improving DES hardware throughput for short operations (2000)

Over the last several years, our research team built a commercially-offered secure coprocessor that, besides other features, offers high-speed DES: over 20 megabytes/second.
Nonlinear reconstruction constrained by image properties in electrical impedance tomography (1998)

It is proposed that image quality, for example the degree of roughness, in electrical impedance tomography is the essential measure required to regularize nonlinear reconstruction. Most previously published work has addressed efficiency, stabilization and speed of reconstruction and has overlooked the targeted image qualities. The measure of quality adopted is the mean square gradient of the logarithm of resistivity which, in combination with the chi2 statistic as a measure of the fit to the data, is minimized by iteration until convergence to a stable image is achieved. This penalty function is invariant to the scale of the resistivity and to the interchange of resistivity and conductivity. The algorithm is tested on computer simulated data and on measurements from a cylindrical tank of electrolyte. The results demonstrate the increased image definition that it would be possible to achieve as data acquisition systems are improved. The images show how a reduction in resolution can be traded for reduced noise artefacts, by selecting an appropriate target chi2.