gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sexual difference in ascorbic acid synthesis, tissue ascorbic acid and plasma total antioxidant capacity in mature chickens (2007)

1. An experiment was conducted with commercial White Leghorn type chickens to determine the effect of gender on tissue ascorbic acid concentration, antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid synthesis. 2. Birds reared and maintained on litter were given a standard layer diet, without supplemental ascorbic acid, from 18 weeks of age. Tissue ascorbic acid concentration, plasma total antioxidant capacity and renal L-gulonolactone oxidase activity were measured at 30 weeks of age. 3. Females and males differed in ascorbic acid synthesis, as measured by renal L-gulonolactone oxidase activity, and tissue ascorbic acid concentration. 4. Plasma total antioxidant capacity and adrenal, gonadal, plasma and pituitary ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly higher in males, whereas ascorbic acid synthesis and splenic and thymic ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly higher in females. 5. L-Gulonolactone oxidase activity was not detected in the comb of cockerels.
Postextrasystolic Blood Pressure Potentiation Predicts Poor Outcome of Cardiac Patients (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00196274.
Distributed Vehicular Computing at the Dawn of 5G: a Survey (2020)

Recent advances in information technology have revolutionized the automotive industry, paving the way for next-generation smart vehicular mobility. Vehicles, roadside units, and other road users can collaborate to deliver novel services and applications. These services and applications require 1) massive volumes of heterogeneous and continuous data to perceive the environment, 2) reliable and low-latency communication networks, 3) real-time data processing that provides decision support under application-specific constraints. Addressing such constraints introduces significant challenges for current communication and computing technologies. Relatedly, the fifth generation of cellular networks (5G) was developed to respond to communication challenges by providing for low-latency, high-reliability, and high bandwidth communications. As a major part of 5G, edge computing allows data offloading and computation at the edge of the network, ensuring low-latency and context-awareness, and 5G efficiency. In this work, we aim at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of research on vehicular computing in the emerging age of 5G and big data.
OxyR regulated the expression of two major catalases, KatA and KatB, along with peroxiredoxin, AhpC in <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (2006)

OxyR is known to activate/repress the expression of the oxyR regulon, which consists of several genes, which play important antioxidant role in Escherichia coli. To elucidate the role of OxyR in Pseudomonas putida KT2442, the oxyR1 mutation that caused the upregulation of ahpC in a toluene-resistant variant strain was introduced, because no null mutants in oxyR were isolated. This mutation was shown to cause the accumulation of a catalase (KatA) along with AhpC throughout the growth, and of a RpoS-dependent catalase/peroxidase (KatB) in the stationary phase. Following the identification of the transcription start site of two catalase genes, sequences similar to those involved in the proposed OxyR binding for E. coli were found upstream from each of the promoter regions of katA and katB, as well as ahpC. Purified OxyR was shown to bind to these sequences, under both reduced and oxidized states. Moreover, the oxyR1 mutation increased the transcription levels of these genes. These results are consistent with the conclusion, distinct from those observed in an opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that OxyR controlled expression of all the principal peroxide-degrading enzymes in P. putida. The mutation did not cause any notable changes in the transcriptional levels of several antioxidant genes, including those of glutathione reductase, glutaredoxins and thioredoxins, which would involve maintenance of the cellular thiol-disulfide balance, suggesting that the transcriptional regulation of these antioxidant genes should be different from that of katA, katB and ahpC in P. putida.
An adaptive technique for multiple echo cancelation in telephone networks (2005)

To cancel multiple echos, the number of tap coefficients of a conventional echo canceler must be large. The length of the echo canceler will directly affect both the degree of accuracy and the convergence speed of the adaptation process. We present a new adaptive structure which cancels multiple echos in telephone networks with a much smaller number of coefficients. The core of this new structure is a multiple delay estimator which estimates and distributes delays to each individual fixed length short echo canceler. With the delays given, this new structure can update the echo path accurately. Since the number of tap coefficients has been dramatically reduced, the convergence speed and the degree of accuracy of estimation in the adaptation process can be improved.
Low genetic diversity may be an Achilles heel of SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
ADP-ribose–derived nuclear ATP synthesis by NUDIX5 is required for chromatin remodeling (2016)

Key nuclear processes in eukaryotes, including DNA replication, repair, and gene regulation, require extensive chromatin remodeling catalyzed by energy-consuming enzymes. It remains unclear how the ATP demands of such processes are met in response to rapid stimuli. We analyzed this question in the context of the massive gene regulation changes induced by progestins in breast cancer cells and found that ATP is generated in the cell nucleus via the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) to ADP-ribose. In the presence of pyrophosphate, ADP-ribose is used by the pyrophosphatase NUDIX5 to generate nuclear ATP. The nuclear source of ATP is essential for hormone-induced chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, and cell proliferation.
Identifying and modeling botnet C&C behaviors (2014)

Through the analysis of a long-term botnet capture, we identified and modeled the behaviors of its C&C channels. They were found and characterized by periodicity analyses and statistical representations. The relationships found between the behaviors of the UDP, TCP and HTTP C&C channels allowed us to unify them in a general model of the botnet behavior. Our behavioral analysis of the C&C channels gives a new perspective on the modeling of malware behavior, helping to better understand botnets.
Renal Tubule-specific Transcription and Chromosomal Localization of Rat Thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl Cotransporter Gene (2001)

The molecular mechanism underlying the renal expression localization of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (TSC) gene was studied. The TSC gene was localized to chromosome 19p12-14. In cultured cells, tissue-specific transcription activity of the 5'-flanking region of the rat rTSC gene (5'FL/rTSC) was demonstrated, and the major promoter region was located between position -580 and -141. To further examine the tissue-specific transcription, transgenic rats harboring the 5'FL/rTSC fused upstream of the LacZ gene were generated. Immunohistochemical analysis clearly showed that LacZ gene expression was co-localized to distal convoluted tubules (DCT) with TSC, indicating that the 5'FL/rTSC regulates the renal tubule-specific TSC expression. Because a transcription factor, HFH-3 (hepatocyte nuclear factor-3/folk head homologue-3), had also been localized to DCT, a possible role of the putative cis-acting element (HFH-3/rTSC, -400/-387 position) for HFH-3 binding in the tissue-specific transcription was examined. Deletion and mutation analyses suggested that transcription of the HFH-3/rTSC was actually responsive to HFH-3, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed a direct binding of in vitro synthesized HFH-3 to the HFH-3/rTSC. In conclusion, the rTSC gene is localized to rat chromosome 19p12--24. The transcription regulatory region of the TSC gene confers DCT-specific gene expression. DCT-specific transcription factor HFH-3 may be involved in the renal tubule-specific transcription of TSC gene.
The effect of fungicides on vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. III. The influence of VA mycorrhiza on phytotoxic effects following application of fosetyl‐Al and phosphonate (1998)

This study compares the effects of the fungicide Aliette® (fosetyl‐Al) on non‐mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal onion ( Allium cepa L.) with effects of the degradation products, aluminium (applied as aluminium chloride) and phosphonate (applied as dimethyl phosphonate). We sought to determine the extent to which the plants absorb and accumulate phosphonate and ascertain why, as shown previously, toxic effects of fosetyl‐Al on mycorrhizal plants are less severe than effects on equivalent non‐mycorrhizal plants. Fosetyl‐Al markedly reduced growth, especially of roots, and also inhibited mycorrhizal colonization. Dimethyl phosphonate caused smaller effects on growth and did not decrease colonization. Aluminium chloride did not affect growth of non‐mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal plants, or mycorrhizal colonization. In all cases, mycorrhizal plants grew better than equivalent non‐mycorrhizal plants (with no added soil phosphate), and non‐mycorrhizal plants given supplementary soil phosphate grew best. Concentrations and contents of total P in shoots were increased by dimethyl phosphonate and more so by fosetyl‐Al. Concentrations of P were also increased in roots. 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine relative concentrations of phosphonate and phosphate. Application of fosetyl‐Al led to accumulation of more phosphonate than did application of dimethyl phosphonate, and non‐mycorrhizal plants treated with fosetyl‐Al accumulated much more phosphonate than did equivalent mycorrhizal plants (both with no added soil phosphate). Internal phosphate concentrations increased, especially in mycorrhizal plants, following application of both dimethyl phosphonate and fosetyl‐Al. Non‐mycorrhizal plants given supplementary soil phosphate also showed restricted growth when treated with fosetyl‐Al even though they accumulated phosphate in relatively high amounts and had lower ratios of phosphonate to phosphate, particularly in shoots. In general, high internal concentrations of phosphonate were correlated with large reductions in plant growth among treatments. Possible causes of these effects include conversion of phosphonate to phosphate in the tissues (especially in mycorrhizal plants), enhanced uptake of phosphate via mycorrhizal fungi and additional accumulation of P in plants with restricted growth. Competition for uptake between phosphate and phosphonate is also discussed.
Interleukin-7 enhances antimicrobial activity against Leishmania major in murine macrophages (1993)

Recently, it has been shown that interleukin-7 (IL-7) is able to induce secretion of cytokines and tumoricidal activity by human monocytes. This study shows that treatment of murine macrophages infected with Leishmania major with IL-7 without any other stimulus reduced the percentage of infected cells, as well as the parasite burden per cell, in a dose-dependent manner to a limited degree (45% reduction of the number of amastigotes per 100 macrophages). Simultaneous treatment of macrophages with gamma interferon and IL-7 led to nearly complete (> 99%) elimination of amastigotes. Addition of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha or N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate reversed the leishmanicidal effects of IL-7, and production of nitric oxide was induced in the presence of IL-7.
The influence of sediment layering and geoacoustics on the propagation of Scholte interface waves (2002)

Results of recent Scholte wave measurements at two diverse test sites showed considerable differences in the dispersive behavior of these waves. For the southern California site, the Scholte wavers show strong, normal dispersion with group velocities ranging from approximately 30-75 m/s. On the other hand, at the Oregon Margin site the dispersion was less clearly defined, with group velocities ranging from approximately 30-205 m/s. Using a full-wave numerical model (SAFARI/OASES) and a seismic normal mode method, forward modelling (iterative inversion) was successful in matching the dispersion curves obtained from the measured Gabor matrix. A thin soft sediment; overlying a harder subbottom at the Oregon site is shown to be the crucial factor in the differences; moreover, the precise thickness of the sediment is significant. For the thick sediment site off southern California, the higher frequency fundamental Scholte mode is controlled largely by the upper few (2-10) meters of sediment, whereas the lower frequency dispersion is dominated by deeper layers, which also strongly influence the higher-order Scholte modes. The conclusions are believed to be of more general applicability than just the two sites examined.< <ETX>></ETX>
Implant Success, Survival, and Failure: The International Congress of Oral Implantologists (ICOI) Pisa Consensus Conference (2008)

The primary function of a dental implant is to act as an abutment for a prosthetic device, similar to a natural tooth root and crown. Any success criteria, therefore, must include first and foremost support of a functional prosthesis. In addition, although clinical criteria for prosthetic success are beyond the scope of this article, patient satisfaction with the esthetic appearance of the implant restoration is necessary in clinical practice. The restoring dentist designs and fabricates a prosthesis similar to one supported by a tooth, and as such often evaluates and treats the dental implant similarly to a natural tooth. Yet, fundamental differences in the support system between these entities should be recognized. The purpose of this article is to use a few indices developed for natural teeth as an index that is specific for endosteal root-form implants. This article is also intended to update and upgrade what is purported to be implant success, implant survival, and implant failure. The Health Scale presented in this article was developed and accepted by the International Congress of Oral Implantologists Consensus Conference for Implant Success in Pisa, Italy, October 2007.
A future of function or failure? [CMOS gate oxide scaling] (2002)

Transistors are scaled in each successive technology generation to increase circuit speed and to improve packing density. However, as the devices get smaller and the gate oxides thinner, ensuring their reliability becomes increasingly difficult. The simple question is: based on the current reliability specifications, will 99.99% of the ICs produced today with given technology remain functional for at least ten years into the future? This is a question that device engineers, circuit designers, and system architects must grapple with as we move into the unknown territory of sub-0.1 μm CMOS technology.
Interleukin-4 Reversibly Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis via Inhibition of NF-κB and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling (2002)

To define the molecular mechanism(s) by which interleukin (IL)-4 reversibly inhibits formation of osteoclasts (OCs) from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), we examined the capacity of this T cell-derived cytokine to impact signals known to modulate osteoclastogenesis, which include those initiated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor for activation of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-1. We find that although pretreatment of BMMs with IL-4 does not alter M-CSF signaling, it reversibly blocks RANKL-dependent activation of the NF-kappa B, JNK, p38, and ERK signals. IL-4 also selectively inhibits TNF signaling, while enhancing that of IL-1. Contrary to previous reports, we find that MEK inhibitors dose-dependently inhibit OC differentiation. To identify more proximal signals mediating inhibition of OC formation by IL-4, we used mice lacking STAT6 or SHIP1, two adapter proteins that bind the IL-4 receptor. IL-4 fails to inhibit RANKL/M-CSF-induced osteoclastogenesis by BMMs derived from STAT6-, but not SHIP1-, knockout mice. Consistent with this observation, the inhibitory effects of IL-4 on RANKL-induced NF-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation are STAT6-dependent. We conclude that IL-4 reversibly arrests osteoclastogenesis in a STAT6-dependent manner by 1) preventing I kappa B phosphorylation and thus NF-kappa B activation, and 2) blockade of the JNK, p38, and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
The Dimensionless Score Function for Multiple Hypothesis Decisionin Tracking (2006)

This paper discusses several theoretical issues related to the score function for the measurement-to-track association/assignment decision in the track oriented version of the multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT). This score function is the likelihood ratio: the ratio of the pdf of a measurement having originated from a track, to the pdf of this measurement having a different origin. The likelihood ratio score is derived rigorously starting from the fully Bayesian (hypothesis oriented) MHT, which is shown to be amenable under some (reasonable) assumptions to the track oriented MHT. The latter can be implemented efficiently using multidimensional assignment. The main feature of a likelihood ratio is the fact that it is a (physically) dimensionless quantity and, consequently, can be used for the association of different numbers of measurements and/or measurements of different dimension. The explicit forms of the likelihood ratio are discussed both for the commonly used Kalman tracking filter, as well as for the interacting multiple model estimator. The issues of measurements of different dimension and different coordinate systems are also discussed.
A routing strategy for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments (2004)

Routing of data in a vehicular ad hoc network is a challenging task due to the high dynamics of such a network. Recently, it was shown for the case of highway traffic that position-based routing approaches can very well deal with the high mobility of network nodes. However, baseline position-based routing has difficulties to handle two-dimensional scenarios with obstacles (buildings) and voids as it is the case for city scenarios. In this paper we analyze a position-based routing approach that makes use of the navigational systems of vehicles. By means of simulation we compare this approach with non-position-based ad hoc routing strategies (dynamic source routing and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing). The simulation makes use of highly realistic vehicle movement patterns derived from Daimler-Chrysler's Videlio traffic simulator. While DSR's performance is limited due to problems with scalability and handling mobility, both AODV and the position-based approach show good performances with the position-based approach outperforming AODV.
Synthesis of Magnetite Nanorods through Reduction of β-FeOOH (2005)

Abstract Magnetite nanorods were fabricated by hydrothermal reduction of β-FeOOH nanorods at 160 °C for 20 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and TEM were used to characterize structures and morphologies of the samples. On the basis of these methods, the growth mechanism was discussed. Also, the magnetic properties of the samples were characterized on a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
Polyimide-based photocatalysts: rational design for energy and environmental applications (2020)

Recent progress in the development of polyimide-based photocatalyst for energy and environmental applications has been reviewed.
Liquid Meal Replacements and Glycemic Control in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients (2001)

We have shown that liquid MRs are a safe and effective weight loss tool for obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and can result in improvements in body weight, glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c and lipid levels.
A Braille Writing Tutor to Combat Illiteracy in Developing Communities (2018)

Less than 3% of the 145 million blind people living in developing countries are literate. This low literacy rate is in part due to the lack of trained teachers and the challenges associated with learning to write Braille on a traditional slate and stylus. These challenges include writing from right to left, writing mirrored images of letters, and receiving significantly delayed feedback. Extensive conversations with the Mathru School for the Blind in Bangalore, India, revealed the need for a robust, low-power, low-cost Braille writing tutor. In this paper, we present the design and deployment of our writing tutor system that uses a novel input device to capture students activity on a slate and stylus and uses a range of scaffolding techniques and Artificial Intelligence to teach writing skills to both beginner and the advanced students. The paper also reports lessons learned in the implementation of this project and from a six-week pilot study at the Mathru school and outlines future directions for improvement.
The electrochemical response of copper single crystals to corrosion-fatigue in an aqueous, oxide-forming environment (1987)

The electrochemical behaviour of copper single crystals was followed during plastic straincontrolled corrosion-fatigue in an aqueous, oxide-forming solution. The decay of current at fixed potential was interrupted temporarily by the onset of cycling, and irreversibly, and dramatically, by the formation of PSBs. The extremely high oxidation rate of the PSBs was explained by an interaction between their mode of deformation, their shape, and their dislocation content. The rest potential of the sample dropped extensively as the dislocation content increased during rapid hardening, but rose slightly when PSB formation rearranged the dislocations into a lower energy configuration. Nous avons suivi le comportement électrochimique de monocristaux de cuivre en fatigue sous corrosion dans une solution aqueuse oxydante, fatigue contrôlée par la déformation plastique. La chute de courant, pour un potentiel donné, a été interrompue de façon temporaire au début des cycles, et de façon irréversible et dramatique à la suite de la formation de bandes de glissement primaire (BGP). Nous avons expliqué la vitesse d'oxydation extrêmement élevée des BGP par une interaction entre leur mode de déformation, leur forme et les dislocations qu'elles renferment. Le potentiel au repos de l'échantillon baisse notablement lorsque le nombre de dislocations augmente au cours d'un durcissement rapide, mais il s'élève un peu quand la création de BGP réarrange les dislocations en une configuration de plus faible énergie. Das elektrochemische Verhalten von Kupfer-Einkristallen wurde während der Korrosions-Ermüdung in einer wässrigen und oxidbildenden Lösung bei kontrollierter plastischer Dehnung verfolgt. Der Abfall des Stromes bei einem festen Potential wurde zeitweise durch den Einsatz der Ermüdung und, irreversibel und drastisch, durch die Bildung von persistenten Gleitbändern unterbrochen. Die extrem hohe Oxidationsrate der persistenten Gleitbändern wurde mit einer Wechselwirkung zwischen ihrer Entstehung, ihrer Form und ihrer Versetzungsdichte erklärt. Das Restpotential der Probe fiel ausgeprägt, als die Versetzungsdichte mit der raschen Verfestigung anstieg, es stieg jedoch leicht an, wenn die Bildung der persistenten Gleitbänder die Versetzungen in eine energetisch günstigere Konfiguration brachte.