gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tune-in Time Reduction in Video Streaming Over DVB-H (2007)

A novel method is proposed which minimizes the tune-in time of "channel zapping", i.e. changing from one audiovisual service to another, in IP datacasting (IPDC) over Digital Video Broadcasting for Handheld terminals (DVB-H). DVB-H uses a time-sliced transmission scheme enabling a receiver to turn radio reception off for those time-slices that are not of interest to the user and thus reducing the power consumption used for radio reception. One of the significant factors in tune-in time is the time from the start of media decoding to the start of correct output from decoding, which is minimized when a time-slice starts with a random access point picture such as an independent decoding refresh (IDR) picture in H.264/AVC standard. In IPDC over DVB-H, encapsulation to time-slices is performed independently from encoding in a network element called IP encapsulator. At the time of encoding, time-slice boundaries are typically not known exactly, and it is therefore impossible to govern the location of IDR pictures relative to time-slices. It is proposed that an additional stream consisting of IDR pictures only is transmitted to the IP encapsulator, which replaces pictures in a normal bit stream with IDR pictures according to time-slice boundaries in order to achieve the minimum tune-in delay. Replacing pictures causes a mismatch in the pixel values of the reference pictures between the encoder and decoder and the mismatch error is propagated in the reconstructed video. It has to be ensured that the propagated error is subjectively negligible. Furthermore, the "spliced" stream resulting from the operation of the IP encapsulator should comply with the Hypothetical Reference Decoder (HRD) specification of H.264/AVC. Error propagation caused by the proposed splicing method is analysed and a video rate control system is proposed to satisfy the HRD requirements for the spliced stream. Simulation results show that in addition to fulfilling H.264/AVC compliancy, good average quality of decoded video is achieved with minimum tune-in delay and complexity
A Fast N-Substituted α-Aminonitrile Synthesis (1985)

Abstract A series of α-aminonitriles bearing various functionalities was prepared by reacting a neat mixture of an aldehyde or ketone, an amine and trimethylsilyl cyanide. The reaction was essentially complete in 5 minutes.
Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation in dispersive optical channels (2005)

This paper discusses the investigation of maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receivers operating on intensity-modulated direct-detection optical channels. The study focuses on long-haul or metro links spanning several hundred kilometers of single-mode fiber with optical amplifiers. The structure of MLSE-based optical receivers operating in the presence of dispersion and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), as well as shot and thermal noise, are discussed, and a theory of the error rate of these receivers is developed. Computer simulations show a close agreement between the predictions of the theory and simulation results. Some important implementation issues are also addressed. Optical channels suffer from impairments that set them apart from other channels, and therefore they need a special investigation. Among these impairments are the facts that the optical channel is nonlinear, and noise is often non-Gaussian and signal dependent. For example, in optically amplified single-mode fiber links, the dominant source of noise is ASE noise, which after photodetection is distributed according to a noncentral chi-square probability density function. In addition, optical fibers suffer from chromatic and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). Although the use of MLSE in optical channels has been discussed in previous literature, no detailed analysis of optical receivers using this technique has been reported so far. This motivates the study reported in this paper.
Scheduling Close-Down Processes Subject to Wafer Residency Constraints for Single-Arm Cluster Tools (2015)

High-mix and low-volume wafer fabrication leads to more and more lot switches in cluster tools. Practitioners must thus deal with more transient processes during such switches, including start-up and close-down. To obtain higher throughput, it is critical to shorten these processes. Much effort has been put into the steady state modeling and scheduling of cluster tools and some for start up processes. However, no attention is paid to a close-down process for single-arm cluster tools with wafer residency constraints. This work aims to do so by 1) developing a Petri net model to analyze their properties and 2) proposing Petri net-based methods to solve their close-down optimal scheduling problems under different workloads among their process steps. An industrial example is given to illustrate their application.
Pharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of cochlear injury due to noise (2007)

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) due to the damaging effects of noise is the second leading cause of SNHL, next to presbyacusis, in the industrialized world. It is the leading cause of preventable SNHL despite the implementation of hearing conservation programs after World War II. While engineering solutions and personal hearing protection devices remain important approaches to preventing noise-induced hearing loss, they have inherent limitations. Therefore researchers from a number of laboratories worldwide have devoted much time in the last decade to elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cochlear injury due to noise. This has led to the documentation of a number of therapeutic compounds that attenuate noise damage to hearing based on known mechanisms of injury. Some of these effects are quite robust. Clinical studies are beginning to emerge.
4G/5G antenna system with dual function planar connected array (2017)

An integrated design consisting of a multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system forfourth generation applications and a planar connected array (PCA) for fifthgeneration applications is presented. The proposed design contains a 4‐elementprinted‐inverted‐F antenna‐based MIMO antenna system and a slot‐based PCA. Theantenna system is fabricated on a commercially available RO‐4350 substrate with equal to 3.5. The dimensions of the boardare 100 × 60 × 0.76 mm 3 representing a typical smart phone backplanesize. The antenna system covers 2.1 and 12.5 GHz frequency bands via its MIMOand PCA parts, respectively. The design is planar, low profile and compact instructure that is suitable for wireless handheld devices and mobile terminals.The PCA also serves as a defected ground structure at 2.1 GHz thus having twofunctions. Isolation is improved by at least 4 dB. The PCA consists of a 4 × 3radiating slots fed via a corporate feed structure. The measured gain andefficiency values at the centre frequency are at least 3.4 dBi and 74%,respectively, for the MIMO antenna system and 8 dBi and 80% for the PCA. Theenvelope correlation coefficient did not exceed 0.2824 for all antennas showinggood MIMO performance.
Holographic memory reconfigurable VLSI (2007)

Optically reconfigurable gate arrays (ORGAs), which consist of a gate array VLSI, a holographic memory, and a laser diode array, are a type of programmable gate array that can achieve rapid reconfiguration for numerous reconfiguration contexts. The gate array of an ORGA is optically reconfigured using diffraction patterns from a holographic memory that is addressed by a laser diode array. It is noteworthy that ORGA-VLSIs that can be reconfigured in less than 10 ns without any overhead have already been fabricated. However, up to now, a multi-holographic reconfiguration system that is suitable for such fast-reconfigurable ORGA-VLSIs without any overhead has never been developed. As the first step toward such realization, a multi-context component is demonstrated experimentally using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a pulse laser. This paper describes experimental results and plans for future work.
Impedance tuning of an electromechanical acoustic liner (2001)

The results of a theoretical and experimental study of the impedance tuning capabilities of an electromechanical acoustic liner are presented. An electromechanical acoustic liner utilizes an array of Helmholtz resonators, each containing an electroactive, compliant-walled cavity, to couple the electrical, mechanical and acoustical energy domains. Due to this coupling, the acoustic impedance of this liner is a function of elements from all of these energy domains. Therefore, the acoustic impedance of the liner can be modified via an electrical network. In this study, a prototype of a single cell of an electromechanical acoustic liner is developed and tested. The prototype consists of a cylindrical Helmholtz resonator with a circular, piezoelectric composite backplate, consisting of a thin brass disk bonded to a disk of PZT. An electrical network of resistors, inductors, and capacitors was connected across the terminals of the PZT to implement tuning. Normal-incidence acoustic impedance measurements were taken in an impedance tube from 1 to 6.4 kHz for various values and combinations of electrical components. The measured impedance spectra are then compared to theoretical impedance spectra based on lumped element modeling.
An unusual catalytic subunit for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase of Dictyostelium discoideum (1993)

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) plays an essential role during differentiation and fruit morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum. The presence of an open reading frame on the gene, pkaC (previously named either Dd PK2 or Dd PK3 by different groups), predicts a 73-kDa polypeptide with 54% similarity to the catalytic subunits of cAPKs from other organisms. Using anti-peptide antibodies, we show that the pkaC gene product, PkaC, is a 73-kDa polypeptide. Despite the fact that PkaC is about twice the size of its mammalian counterparts, it possesses all of the properties required of a catalytic subunit. It is physically associated with the regulatory subunit, and this association results in an inhibition of the catalytic activity which is reverted by cAMP. PkaC copurifies with cAPK activity, and an increased cAPK activity is observed in cells overexpressing PkaC. We conclude that PkaC is a catalytic subunit of the Dictyostelium discoideum cAPK and discuss the unusual features of this protein with the highest molecular weight of known cAPKs.
Zur Entwicklung und klinischen Erprobung eines magnetfreien Cochlear-Implantates* (1998)

Aside from eliminating the magnet, we attempted to optimize the acoustic properties of the headset. This resulted in design changes such as repositioning the microphone. Further improvements such as integration of telephone coils and special sockets to connect peripheral appliances can easily be implemented in our special headset.
1‐Ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(pyridinyl)‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acids. II. Synthesis (1984)

Abstract The preparation of a variety of 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐pyridinyl‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acids with a range of substituents on the pyridine ring is described. Starting with the appropriately substituted aniline and using the first two steps of the Gould‐Jacobs quinoline synthesis the 7‐pyridinyl‐3‐quinolinecarboxylates can be obtained. Ethylation at the 1‐position and hydrolysis of the ester group gives the desired acid products. These compounds have significant antibacterial activity: 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(4‐pyridinyl)‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acid is now in clinical study and 7‐(2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐pyridinyl)‐1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acid is under advanced evaluation.
Lamellipodin promotes invasive 3D cancer cell migration via regulated interactions with Ena/VASP and SCAR/WAVE (2016)

Cancer invasion is a hallmark of metastasis. The mesenchymal mode of cancer cell invasion is mediated by elongated membrane protrusions driven by the assembly of branched F-actin networks. How deregulation of actin regulators promotes cancer cell invasion is still enigmatic. We report that increased expression and membrane localization of the actin regulator Lamellipodin correlate with reduced metastasis-free survival and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In agreement, we find that Lamellipodin depletion reduced lung metastasis in an orthotopic mouse breast cancer model. Invasive 3D cancer cell migration as well as invadopodia formation and matrix degradation was impaired upon Lamellipodin depletion. Mechanistically, we show that Lamellipodin promotes invasive 3D cancer cell migration via both actin-elongating Ena/VASP proteins and the Scar/WAVE complex, which stimulates actin branching. In contrast, Lamellipodin interaction with Scar/WAVE but not with Ena/VASP is required for random 2D cell migration. We identified a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that regulates selective recruitment of these effectors to Lamellipodin: Abl-mediated Lamellipodin phosphorylation promotes its association with both Scar/WAVE and Ena/VASP, whereas Src-dependent phosphorylation enhances binding to Scar/WAVE but not to Ena/VASP. Through these selective, regulated interactions Lamellipodin mediates directional sensing of epidermal growth factor (EGF) gradients and invasive 3D migration of breast cancer cells. Our findings imply that increased Lamellipodin levels enhance Ena/VASP and Scar/WAVE activities at the plasma membrane to promote 3D invasion and metastasis.
Maternal serum biomarkers for risk assessment in gestational diabetes. A potential universal screening test to predict GDM status (2014)

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing because of the worldwide obesity/diabetes epidemic. The complications of untreated GDM affect both the mother and baby and include complications during pregnancy as well as increased risk of subsequent type-2 diabetes in mothers and offspring. Standard tests for hyperglycemia in diabetes, such as fasting glucose and hemoglobin (HbA1c), are currently not recommended for GDM screening. Instead, an oral glucose tolerance test is specified, which is invasive, time-consuming, and not easily accessible to many at-risk populations. In this study, we describe a multi-analyte maternal serum profile test that incorporates novel glycoprotein biomarkers and previously described GDM-associated markers. In screening for GDM by multi-analyte panel, the detection rate was 87% at a false-positive rate of 1%.
Computer Aided Engineering Design of Powder Injection Molding Process for a Dental Scaler Tip Mold Design (2007)

Powder Injection Molding (PIM) has recently been recognized as an advanced manufacturing technology for low-cost mass production of metal or ceramic parts of complicated geometry. With this regards, design technology of dental scaler tip PIM mold, which has complex shape and a slim core pin of 0.6 mm diameter, with the help of computer-aided analysis for powder injection molding process was developed. Computer-aided analysis for dental scaler tip mold was implemented by finite element method with non-Newtonian fluid, modified Cross model viscosity, PvT data of powder/binder mixture. The core deflection analysis of dental scaler tip PIM mold during PIM filling process was also investigated. Compter-aided analysis results, such as filling pattern, weldline formation, and air vent position prediction were investigated and eventually showed good agreements with experimental results.
Low frequency folded exponential horn loudspeaker apparatus with bifurcated sound path (1981)

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Clinical Relevance of Antithrombin III (1982)

Many unrelated clinical conditions that are associated with significant decreases in antithrombin III have been summarized. In addition, prospects for future therapy with antithrombin III concentrates have been discussed. The clinical indications for antithrombin III determinations, including the reasons for performing the assay and those specific patient populations subjected to antithrombin III assays in this author's clinical practice, have been outlined. It is to be anticipated that with the new general availability of simple reliable antithrombin III assay systems using synthetic substrates that more and more populations will be adequately studied and clinical indications for the use of antithrombin III determinations and concentrates may become more firm or may change.
10-fold increase in human plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase content caused by a mutation in heparin-binding domain. (1994)

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a secretory SOD isoenzyme. 99% of EC-SOD is anchored to heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the tissue interstitium, and 1% is located in the vasculature in equilibrium between the plasma and the endothelium. Analysis of EC-SOD in plasma samples from 504 random blood donors revealed a common (2.2%) phenotypic variant displaying 10-fold increased plasma EC-SOD content. The EC-SOD in the plasma of these individuals, collected both before and after intravenous injection of heparin, displayed a reduced heparin affinity when compared with samples from normal individuals. The specific enzymatic activity was the same as that of normal enzyme. Nucleotide sequence analyses of two of the affected subjects revealed a nucleotide exchange resulting in a substitution of Arg-213 by Gly. The substitution is located in the center of the carboxyl-terminal cluster of positively charged amino acid residues, which defines the heparin-binding domain. Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction showed that all 11 affected individuals are heterozygous, carrying the same single-base mutation. Recombinant EC-SOD containing this mutation had a reduced heparin affinity similar to that of EC-SOD C from variant persons. The high plasma activity can be explained by an accelerated release from the tissue interstitium heparan sulfate to the vasculature and should thus be accompanied by significantly reduced tissue EC-SOD activities.
N1-Benzyl Tryptamine Pan-SHIP1/2 Inhibitors: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation as Anti-Tumor Agents (2022)

Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP) with small molecule inhibitors leads to apoptosis in tumor cells. Inhibitors that target both SHIP1 and SHIP2 (pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors) may have benefits in these areas since paralog compensation is not possible when both SHIP paralogs are being inhibited. A series of tryptamine-based pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the SHIP paralogs. The most active compounds were also evaluated for their effects on cancer cell lines.
Lateral coupled cavity semiconductor laser (1985)

We report the fabrication and operation of a lateral coupled cavity semiconductor laser that consists of two phase-locked parallel lasers of different lengths and with separate electrical contacts. Mode selectivity that results from the interaction between the two supermodes is investigated experimentally. Frequency selectivity and tunability are obtained by controlling the current to each laser separately. Highly stable single mode operation is also demonstrated.
Detect and Avoid (DAA) Mechanisms for UWB Interference Mitigation (2006)

Worldwide ultra-wideband (UWB) radio regulations are slowly taking shape, and are reaching the final stages of work. The main reasons for the continued debate has of course been the potential interference that can be caused by UWB radios to other radios with which they would share the spectrum. Specifically for the case of broadband wireless access (BWA) systems serving indoor subscriber stations (SS), it has been proposed to impose a requirement that UWB systems should detect and avoid interference to the downlinks of such BWA SS. In this paper we discuss some of the aspects of such solutions, and present some results and description of the ongoing work in this area
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Pyrazolo‐tetrahydropyridines as Potent Orexin Receptor Antagonists (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
LWIR: LTE-WLAN Integration at RLC Layer with Virtual WLAN Scheduler for Efficient Aggregation (2016)

LTE-WLAN Aggregation (LWA) at Radio Access Network (RAN) level offers better performance compared to other WLAN inter-working and offloading mechanisms due to its tighter integration. In rel. 13, 3GPP standardized an LWA architecture which works at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer of LTE eNodeB and provides packet-level steering. But this architecture provides sub-optimal performance because of various delays incurred on both sender (eNodeB) and receiver (TIE) sides. To overcome this, we propose a new architecture LTE-WLAN integration at RLC Layer (LWIR) which works at the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer of LTE eNodeB. Along with this, Virtual WLAN Scheduler (VWS) which employs traffic steering scheme has been proposed. The VWS minimizes waiting time on Wi-Fi queue and thereby reduces outof-order delivery at the TIE side. Five different bearer selection schemes have also been proposed which provide efficient steering by smartly choosing a bearer to route some data onto Wi-Fi based on available bandwidth of Wi-Fi link. The VWS also contains an LTE feedback mechanism which coordinates with the LTE scheduler to ensure fairness as well as better utilization of system capacity. The evaluation considers collocated scenario in which LTE small cell (SeNB) and Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) are tightly integrated in LWIR node. We show that the proposed LWIR with VWS increases throughput up to 85% when compared to LWA based packet-level steering.
Application of Tethered Ruthenium Catalysts to Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones, and the Selective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes (2012)

Abstract An improved method for the synthesis of tethered ruthenium(II) complexes of monosulfonylated diamines is described, together with their application to the hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes. The complexes were applied directly, in their chloride form, to asymmetric ketone hydrogenation, to give products in excess of 99% ee in the best cases, using 30 bar of hydrogen at 60 °C, and to the selective reduction of aldehydes over other functional groups.