gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α (HIF-2α) Induces Angiogenesis in Breast Carcinomas (2006)

Hypoxia-inducible factors-1alpha (HIF-lalpha) and HIF-2alpha are important proteins initiating tumor cell responses to hypoxia. Specifically, the transcription of genes related to erythropoiesis, glycolysis, and angiogenesis depends on the rate of HIFalpha binding to DNA at the hypoxia response elements of target genes. In this study, the authors evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of HIF-2alpha in 62 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast, not otherwise specified, in relation to estrogen and progesterone receptors, the MIB1 proliferation index, the vascular density, and the proteins c-erbB-2, bcl-2, and p53. Extensive and strong cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression of HIF-2alpha was noted in 23 of the 64 (35.9%) cases, and this was associated with increased vascular density (P=0.0002), increased c-erbB-2 membrane expression (P=0.02), and secondary deposits to multiple axillary lymph nodes (>3). In multivariate analysis, HIF-2alpha and T stage were the only variables related to extensive nodal metastasis. The authors conclude that HIF-2alpha overexpression, a common event in infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast, is related to high metastatic potential via increased angiogenic and c-erbB-2 activity.
Sporosarcina koreensis sp. nov. and Sporosarcina soli sp. nov., isolated from soil in Korea (2007)

Two Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming rods, F73(T) and I80(T), were isolated from upland soil. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed both isolates within the genus Sporosarcina, and showed a sequence similarity of 98.9 % between the two strains and a similarity of approximately 94.6-97.3 % with respect to Sporosarcina species with validly published names. The values for DNA-DNA relatedness between the two isolates and related type strains of the genus Sporosarcina were below 28.0 %. For both strains, the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). In both cases, the cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A4alpha type (L-Lys-D-Glu) and the major menaquinone was MK-7. Diaminopimelic acid was absent from both strains. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains F73(T) and I80(T) were 46.5 and 44.5 mol%, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and physiological and chemotaxonomic data, the isolates represent two novel species of the genus Sporosarcina, for which the names Sporosarcina koreensis sp. nov. (type strain F73(T) =KACC 11299(T) =DSM 16921(T)) and Sporosarcina soli sp. nov. (type strain I80(T) =KACC 11300(T) =DSM 16920(T)) are proposed.
Asynchronous modulation of transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor protein expression in progression of premalignant lesions to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (1998)

The development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma occurs as a result of the accumulation of genotypic and phenotypic alterations in the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa. Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), have been identified previously as early events in head and neck carcinogenesis. To determine the timing of increased TGF-alpha and EGFR protein expression in the development of head and neck cancer, we examined progressive mucosal dysplasias from three distinct and complimentary patient groups: (a) samples from patients with lesions demonstrating different degrees of dysplasia (n = 22) compared with mucosa samples from gender and age-matched controls (n = 8); (b) patients with lesions demonstrating different degrees of dysplasia at a single time point (n = 3); and (c) patients who progressed over several years to invasive cancer at the site of dysplasia (n = 7). Immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies specific for TGF-alpha and EGFR were used to detect protein expression in all specimens. Protein levels were further quantitated using a computerized image analysis system. In all three groups, we found that TGF-alpha protein levels were elevated in mild dysplasia compared with control normal mucosa and were not further modulated with increasing degrees of dysplasia. In contrast, EGFR levels were relatively low in mild dysplasia and increased with higher degrees of dysplasia. These findings indicate that up-regulation of TGF-alpha and EGFR are distinct events both chronologically and, possibly, mechanistically in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in OFDM Wireless LAN Systems (2005)

For the carrier frequency offset estimation in wireless LAN applications, three maximum likelihood algorithms are developed by exploiting the OFDM data structures of the short and long symbols. These algorithms can be implemented via polynomial rooting and have a full acquisition range of the carrier frequency offset. Their performance has been studied and compared to that of the methods based on a different model without making use of the inherent structures. By exploiting both models, further improvement can be achieved
Long-term respiration monitoring in infants-a comparison of impedance and pressure capsule monitors (1983)

The Healthdyne, IMP and MR 10 monitors have been compared in terms of their accuracy and reliability in monitoring the respiration in infants over long periods. In particular the ability of each method to reject signals from other sources, e.g. cardiac output and body movements, has been assessed. All three monitors have periods when no respiratory information is available and hence no respiratory events can be detected. The authors' results show that the MR 10 is more affected by movements than the Healthdyne and therefore loses respiratory information for longer periods (25% compared to 14.5%). This is not surprising as the MR 10 is designed to detect mechanical movements. The IMP monitor is comparable with the MR 10, due to the method of overload protection used.
Deployment of IoT applications on 5G edge (2018)

The key for the future Internet of Things (IoT) is the shift from a static architecture to a dynamically evolving, self-organizing one. Devices of extremely varying capabilities need to collaborate and access all information necessary to ensure their optimal work, keeping a certain flexibility in the network configuration. The supporting infrastructure should be able to optimize resource consumption and to allow the connected device to interact with the most convenient node in the network, without compromising the perceived Quality of the Service. The work as a whole is an effort to summarize the process to build an offloading framework for arbitrary task of IoT devices. Another main contribution is the collection of requirements for this new IoT networks and computing systems, in particular the need for Edge Computing, Offloading paradigms and an underlying infrastructure which could be supported by means of 5th Generation mobile networks standards, Clustering and the use of Artificial Intelligence. In this paper we do not present an actual, finalized implementation but we propose and analyze a global view of the problem and identify some specific possible technical solutions.
Innate Immunity Mediates Follicular Transport of Particulate but Not Soluble Protein Antigen (2012)

Ag retention on follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) is essential for B cell activation and clonal selection within germinal centers. Protein Ag is deposited on FDCs after formation of immune complexes with specific Abs. In this study, by comparing the same antigenic determinant either as soluble protein or virus-like particle (VLP), we demonstrate that VLPs are transported efficiently to murine splenic FDCs in vivo in the absence of prior immunity. Natural IgM Abs and complement were required and sufficient to mediate capture and transport of VLPs by noncognate B cells. In contrast, soluble protein was only deposited on FDCs in the presence of specifically induced IgM or IgG Abs. Unexpectedly, IgG Abs had the opposite effect on viral particles and inhibited FDC deposition. These findings identify size and repetitive structure as critical factors for efficient Ag presentation to B cells and highlight important differences between soluble proteins and viral particles.
Buffer-Aided Max-Link Relay Selection in Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Networks (2014)

This paper investigates the outage performance of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system that exploits buffer-aided max-link relay selection. Both asymmetric and symmetric source-to-relay and relay-to-destination channel configurations are considered. We derive the closed-form expressions for the outage probability and analyze the average packet delays. We prove that the diversity order is between <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{2}N$</tex-math></inline-formula> (where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the relay number) , corresponding to a relay buffer size between 1 and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula> , respectively. We also analytically show the coding gain. Numerical results are given to verify the theoretical analyses.
ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Possibilities and Challenges of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Lactic Cultures in Dairy Foods (2008)

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria are a diverse group of polysaccharides exhibiting various functional properties. Two forms of EPS are produced by lactic acid bacteria: capsular and unattached. Capsular EPS does not cause ropiness nor does production of unattached EPS ensure ropiness. The functions of EPS in dairy products are not completely understood. This is for 2 main reasons: the major variations among exopolysaccharides even from the same group of micro-organisms, which makes it difficult to apply information from one EPS to others, and the lack of availability of techniques with the ability to observe the microstructure and distribution of the highly hydrated EPS in fermented dairy products. The introduction of relatively new microscopic techniques such as confocal scanning laser microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy made it possible to directly observe the distribution of fully hydrated EPS in dairy products. Recently, EPS produced by nonropy strains have drawn the attention of the dairy industry. This is because of the ability of some nonropy strains to produce large capsular and unattached EPS that would improve the texture of dairy products without causing the undesirable slippery mouthfeel produced by the ropy strains. Factors affecting functions of EPS are their molecular characteristics and ability to interact with milk proteins. Studying the interaction between EPS and milk proteins is complex because EPS are gradually produced during fermentation, unlike polysaccharides added directly to milk to stabilize the fermented product. The concentration and possibly molecular characteristics of EPS and protein characteristics such as charge and hydrophobicity change during fermentation. Consequently, the interaction of EPS with proteins might also change during fermentation. Exopolysaccharides provide functions that benefit reduced-fat cheeses. They bind water and increase the moisture in the nonfat portion, interfere with protein-protein interactions and reduce the rigidity of the protein network, and increase viscosity of the serum phase. This review discusses the production of capsular EPS and their role in structure formation in fermented milk, the mechanism of ropiness formation, and applications of EPS-producing cultures in reduced-fat cheeses.
2D Self-Bundled CdS Nanorods with Micrometer Dimension in the Absence of an External Directing Process (2008)

In the absence of an external direction-controlling process, exclusive self-bundled arrays of CdS nanorods are formed using a facile solution-based method involving trioctylphosphine (TOP) and tetradecylphosphonic acids (TDPA) as cosurfactants. CdS self-bundled arrays with an area of as large as 2.0 microm(2) could be obtained. A detailed mechanistic investigation leads us to conclude that the matching in nanorod concentration, intrinsic properties of CdS, and the hydrocarbon chains of the surfactants between adjacent CdS rods play key roles in the self-assembly. In sharp contrast to the defect dominant emission in solutions, the self-bundled CdS nanorods exhibit optical emission nearly free from the defect-states, demonstrating their potential for applications in luminescence and photovoltaic devices.
A remote flow cell for UV absorbance detection with capillary HPLC based on a single strand fiber optic (2000)

A remote flow cell based on a single strand of fused-silica fiber optic was built for UV absorbance detection with a packed capillary HPLC system, using commercially available pumps, detection electronics (Shimadzu) and fittings. This 'off-column' flow cell design is applicable to both pressure and electro-osmotically driven systems. The goals were to minimize the linearity and light leakage problems that often limit the performance of UV absorbance detection with capillary chromatography. A linear dynamic range of 10(3) (reserpine, lambda = 220 nm), and a concentration detection limit of 5.1 x 10(-8) mol l-1 were observed. Baseline noise was measured at 3.5 x 10(-5) absorbance units (AU), with a standard deviation of 1.7 x 10(-5) AU. The illuminated volume of approximately 3 nl was optimized for capillaries with inner diameters in the range 50-100 microns, and flow rates from 100 nl min-1 to 1 microliter min-1. These modifications of readily available instrumentation have allowed the construction of a practical system for fractionating complex mixtures of peptides in small amounts, prior to mass spectrometry or additional wet chemistry steps.
Insulin-like growth factor-I mediates osteoclast-like cell formation stimulated by parathyroid hormone (1997)

There have been several lines of evidence that parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates production of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) in bone and that IGF-I stimulates osteoclast formation. Thus, the present study was performed to clarify the possible role of IGF-I in PTH-stimulated osteoclastlike cell formation and the role of PTH-responsive dual signal transduction systems (cyclic [c] AMP-dependent protein kinase [PKA] and calcium/protein kinase C [PKC]) in its mechanism. Treatment with anti-IGF-I antibody (1-10 micrograms/ml) partially but significantly blocked hPTH-(1-34)-stimulated osteoclastlike cell formation in unfractionated mouse bone cell cultures, although it did not affect osteoclastlike cell formation stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Rp-cAMP5 (10(-4) M), a direct PKA inhibitor, as well as two types of PKC inhibitors, H-7 (10 microM) and staurosporine (3 nM), and dantrolene (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of calcium mobilization from intracellular calcium stores, all significantly blocked PTH-stimulated osteoclastlike cell formation. Anti-IGF-I antibody (3 micrograms/ml) significantly blocked osteoclastlike cell formation stimulated by 10(-4) M dbcAMP, 10(-4) M Sp-cAMPS, a direct PKA activator, and 10(-5) M forskolin in mouse bone cell cultures. Dibutyryl cAMP, forskolin, and hPTH-(1-34) significantly stimulated mRNA expression of both IGF-I and IGF-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) in these cultures, but neither 10(-7) M PMA, a PKC activator, nor 10(-7) M A23187 did. Moreover, anti-IGF-I antibody significantly blocked osteoclastlike cell formation stimulated by the conditioned medium from MC3T3-E1 cells pretreated with 10(-8) PTH-(1-34), which induced IGF-I and IGFBP-5 mRNA expression in these cells. In conclusion, the present study indicates that IGF-I mediates osteoclastlike cell formation stimulated by PTH and that the PKA pathway is involved in its mechanism. However, IGF-I does not seem to be the sole effector molecule to be active in this system.
Studies on Pyrimidine-Annelated Heterocycles; 8.<sup>1</sup>Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Thiophene and Nitrile Oxide or Nitrone Groups Bonded to 1,3-Dimethyluracils (1988)

1,3-Dimethyluracils having a nitrile oxide moiety or a nitronomethyl group at C-5 and an N-aryl-2-thienylmethylamino group at C-6 undergo an intramolecular cycloaddition reaction to give novel uracil-fused heterocycles.
Suberin Fatty Acids from Outer Birch Bark: Isolation and Physical Material Characterization (2017)

The isolation and physical material properties of suberin fatty acids (SFAs) were investigated with special reference to their potential applications as novel pharmaceutical excipients. SFAs were isolated from outer birch bark (OBB) with a new extractive hydrolysis method. The present simplified isolation process resulted in a moderate batch yield and chemical purity of SFAs, but further development is needed for establishing batch-to-batch variation. Cryogenic milling was the method of choice for the particle size reduction of SFAs powder. The cryogenically milled SFAs powder exhibited a semicrystalline structure with apparent microcrystalline domains within an amorphous fatty acids matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of SFAs samples showed a good thermal stability up to 200 °C, followed by a progressive weight loss, reaching a plateau at about 95% volatilization at about 470 °C. The binary blends of SFAs and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; Avicel PH 101) in a ratio of 25:75 (w/w) displayed good powder flow and tablet compression properties. The corresponding theophylline-containing tablets showed sustained or prolonged-release characteristics. The physicochemical and bulk powder properties of SFAs isolated from OBB are auspicious in terms of potential pharmaceutical excipient applications.
The Role of Free Radicals in Cancer and Aging (1991)

There is increasing evidence that the progress of biologic aging results from accumulated free radical damage, and that a significant fraction of cancer is also caused by deleterious free radical reactions. Free radicals originate from the utilization of oxygen and the metabolism of organic compounds, and can be scavenged in living organisms by a range of enzymes and small antioxidant molecules. In this review, the various theories of aging are examined, as are the possible origins of cancer. The mitochondrion is proposed as the common link between cancer and aging, and the free radical reactions that occur in the mitochondrion are explained. Some of the important free radical reactions, both essential and deleterious, that occur continuously in a living organism, are discussed, and an outline is given of the multi-layered defense system that all aerobic organisms have against excess free radicals. The possibility that rate of aging and cancer incidence can be reduced by dietary supplementation with antioxidants is discussed in light of human and animal experiments, and suggestions are given for future research into the role of free radicals in health and disease.
On Blind Equalization of Biorthogonal Signaling (2007)

Motivated by increasing interest in energy efficient modulations, we provide the first look at adaptive equalization of biorthogonal signaling. While this modulation has historically been considered only for use in narrowband systems without intersymbol interference (ISI), recent attention has been given to its use in ISI channels. Due to the fact that biorthogonal modulation (BOM) results in a source that is not i.i.d., however, classical blind adaptive equalization techniques cannot be directly applied to equalization of BOM signals. We first examine minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) and least mean squares (LMS)-based equalizers, and identify some peculiarities that arise in equalization of BOM signals when compared to more traditional modulations like binary phase shift keying (BPSK). Next, we present two novel blind algorithms for the adaptive equalization of BOM signals: LTBOMB and TROMBONE. We discuss the convergence properties of these algorithms, and demonstrate their performance with numerical simulations
A Combined Regular-Logarithmic Perturbation Method for Signal-Noise Interaction in Amplified Optical Systems (2009)

We present a novel perturbation method for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation(NLSE) that governs the propagation of light in optical fibers. We apply this method to study signal-noise interactions in amplified multispan fiber-optic systems. Being based on a combination of the regular perturbation (RP) and logarithmic perturbation, the method is especially suitable for modeling the simultaneous presence of nonlinear and dispersive effects. Even after linearization, it retains the contribution of the quadratic perturbation terms of the NLSE, thereby achieving higher accuracy than an RP with comparable complexity. We revise parametric gain and nonlinear phase-noise effects under the new theory. We finally consider several examples and evaluate the probability density function of the optical or postdetection signal and the bit-error rate of an NRZ-OOK system. All of the results are compared with other models and with multicanonical Monte Carlo simulations.
Material and Processing Technologies of Polyimide for Advanced Electronic Devices (1987)

Advanced material and processing technologies of polyimide applied to various substrates were investigated and studied for high density electronic devices. Precisely controlled temperature profiles in each processing step can realize required chemical structures of polyimide materials and the excellent polyimide films. Thick film patterning of photosensitive polyimide is extremely difficult because the exposed top layer is dissolved before the unexposed area is developed as the result of UV absorption and reaction at the bottom being less than that at the top layer. For removing the thin film residue on copper and/or copper containing alloys, a simple patterning process using a solution containing hydrazine has been developed. Newly developed techniques such as screen printing, shower developing, and microwave‐assisted curing enable the realization of more precise patterning of photosensitive polyimide. As an excellent pattern of polyimide films was obtained, functional electronic devices such as hybrid IC's and contact type linear image sensors could be developed by applying these advanced technologies.