gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping Myocardial Fiber Orientation Using Echocardiography-Based Shear Wave Imaging (2011)

The assessment of disrupted myocardial fiber arrangement may help to understand and diagnose hypertrophic or ischemic cardiomyopathy. We hereby proposed and developed shear wave imaging (SWI), which is an echocardiography-based, noninvasive, real-time, and easy-to-use technique, to map myofiber orientation. Five in vitro porcine and three in vivo open-chest ovine hearts were studied. Known in physics, shear wave propagates faster along than across the fiber direction. SWI is a technique that can generate shear waves travelling in different directions with respect to each myocardial layer. SWI further analyzed the shear wave velocity across the entire left-ventricular (LV) myocardial thickness, ranging between 10 (diastole) and 25 mm (systole), with a resolution of 0.2 mm in the middle segment of the LV anterior wall region. The fiber angle at each myocardial layer was thus estimated by finding the maximum shear wave speed. In the in vitro porcine myocardium (n=5) , the SWI-estimated fiber angles gradually changed from +80° ± 7° (endocardium) to +30° ± 13° (midwall) and -40° ± 10° (epicardium) with 0° aligning with the circumference of the heart. This transmural fiber orientation was well correlated with histology findings. SWI further succeeded in mapping the transmural fiber orientation in three beating ovine hearts in vivo. At midsystole, the average fiber orientation exhibited 71° ± 13° (endocardium), 27° ± 8° (midwall), and -26° ± 30° (epicardium). We demonstrated the capability of SWI in mapping myocardial fiber orientation in vitro and in vivo. SWI may serve as a new tool for the noninvasive characterization of myocardial fiber structure.
Address-Event Based Stereo Vision with Bio-Inspired Silicon Retina Imagers (2011)

Several industry, home, or automotive applications need 3D or at least range data of the observed environment to operate. Such applications are, e.g., driver assistance systems, home care systems, or 3D sensing and measurement for industrial production. State-of-the-art range sensors are laser range finders or laser scanners (LIDAR, light detection and ranging), time-of-flight (TOF) cameras, and ultrasonic sound sensors. All of them are embedded, which means that the sensors operate independently and have an integrated processing unit. This is advantageous because the processing power in the mentioned applications is limited and they are computationally intensive anyway. Another benefits of embedded systems are a low power consumption and a small form factor. Furthermore, embedded systems are full customizable by the developer and can be adapted to the specific application in an optimal way. A promising alternative to the mentioned sensors is stereo vision. Classic stereo vision uses a stereo camera setup, which is built up of two cameras (stereo camera head), mounted in parallel and separated by the baseline. It captures a synchronized stereo pair consisting of the left camera’s image and the right camera’s image. The main challenge of stereo vision is the reconstruction of 3D information of a scene captured from two different points of view. Each visible scene point is projected on the image planes of the cameras. Pixels which represent the same scene points on different image planes correspond to each other. These correspondences can then be used to determine the three dimensional position of the projected scene point in a defined coordinate system. In more detail, the horizontal displacement, called the disparity, is inverse proportional to the scene point’s depth. With this information and the camera’s intrinsic parameters (principal point and focal length), the 3D position can be reconstructed. Fig. 1 shows a typical stereo camera setup. The projections of scene point P are pl and pr. Once the correspondences are found, the disparity is calculated with
Coronary spasm after the topical use of cocaine in nasal surgery (2013)

Cocaine cardiotoxicity is not uncommon in the community but a particular situation arises when used in medicine as a topical anesthetic. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, of a cardiogenic shock mimicking a STEMI with documentation of diffuse coronary spasm after cocaine use in nasal surgery. One must be aware of the potential life-threatening complications in this low-risk surgery, moreover when safer alternatives are available.
Phase Transition Behavior, Protein Adsorption, and Cell Adhesion Resistance of Poly(ethylene glycol) Cross-Linked Microgel Particles (2005)

Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) microgel particles cross-linked with various concentrations of PEG diacrylates of 3 different PEG chain lengths were synthesized via free-radical precipitation polymerization in order to investigate the phase transition and protein adsorption behavior as the hydrophilicity of the network is increased. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) reveals that, as the concentration of PEG cross-linker incorporated into the particles is increased, an increase in the temperature and breadth of the phase transition occurs. Qualitative differences in particle density using isopycnic centrifugation confirm that higher PEG concentrations result in denser networks. The efficient incorporation of PEG cross-linker was confirmed with (1)H NMR, and variable temperature NMR studies suggest that, in the deswollen state, the longer PEG cross-links protrude from the dense globular network. This behavior apparently manifests itself as a decrease in nonspecific protein adsorption with increasing PEG length and content. Furthermore, when electrostatically attached to a glass surface, the particles containing the longer chain lengths exhibited enhanced nonfouling behavior and were resistant to cell adhesion in serum-containing media. The excellent performance of these particulate films and the simplicity with which they are assembled suggests that they may be applicable in a wide range of applications where nonfouling coatings are required.
[Application of urinary nucleosides in the diagnosis and surgical monitoring of colorectal cancer]. (2005)

Normal and modified urinary nucleosides may become additional tumor markers which are feasible in the clinical setting and will prove helpful in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of CRC, and Pseu and m1G may be more promising for clinical application.
The Influenza A Virus M<sub>2</sub>Cytoplasmic Tail Is Required for Infectious Virus Production and Efficient Genome Packaging (2005)

The M2 integral membrane protein encoded by influenza A virus possesses an ion channel activity that is required for efficient virus entry into host cells. The role of the M2 protein cytoplasmic tail in virus replication was examined by generating influenza A viruses encoding M2 proteins with truncated C termini. Deletion of 28 amino acids (M2Stop70) resulted in a virus that produced fourfold-fewer particles but >1,000-fold-fewer infectious particles than wild-type virus. Expression of the full-length M2 protein in trans restored the replication of the M2 truncated virus. Although the M2Stop70 virus particles were similar to wild-type virus in morphology, the M2Stop70 virions contained reduced amounts of viral nucleoprotein and genomic RNA, indicating a defect in vRNP packaging. The data presented indicate the M2 cytoplasmic tail plays a role in infectious virus production by coordinating the efficient packaging of genome segments into influenza virus particles.
Effects of Carbamazepine and Novel 10,11‐Dihydro‐5<i>H</i>‐Dibenz[<i>b,f</i>]Azepine‐5‐Carboxamide Derivatives on Synaptic Transmission in Rat Hippocampal Slices (2002)

The effects of carbamazepine on synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices were compared with those of two novel analogues (BIA2-093 and BIA2-024) with equivalent anticonvulsant efficacy but with fewer side effects. Carbamazepine (10-1000 microM) inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fPSP) response, with an EC50 of 263 microM, and also attenuated the presynaptic volley with a similar EC50 value. Carbamazepine was more potent to inhibit the NMDA receptor component of the fPSP (fPSPNMDA), with an EC50 of 160 microM. BIA2-093 and BIA2-024 were nearly equipotent with carbamazepine to inhibit synaptic transmission, and displayed similar potency to inhibit the fPSP (EC50 of 145 microM and 205 microM) and fPSPNMDA responses (EC50 of 198 microM and 206 microM). As with carbamazepine, BIA2-093 and BIA2-024 also attenuated the presynaptic volley with EC50 values ranging from 142 to 322 microM. These results indicate that carbamazepine and its analogues mostly inhibit synaptic transmission through inhibition of conduction, although carbamazepine, but not BIA2-093 and BIA2-024, may also depress NMDA receptor-mediated responses.
NAD <sup>+</sup> Repletion Reverses Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2021)

[Figure: see text].
Institute of Medicine report on prevention of mental disorders: Summary and commentary. (1996)

A comprehensive report mandated by the U.S. Congress on the state of the science of prevention recommends a stricter definition of the term prevention; summarizes specific preventive intervention research programs across the life span; and specifies funding, personnel, and coordination priorities to build a national prevention research infrastructure. A major conceptual recommendation is a focus on reducing risk for mental disorders, which has been a fruitful strategy in the prevention of physical illness. The report argues that the prevention field should also draw from advances in mental disorder treatment research and from the major contributions to the knowledge base occurring in the behavioral and biological core sciences. Relevant advances in neuroscience, genetics, epidemiology, and developmental psychopathology are examined in detail. Five major disorders are chosen to illustrate possible approaches to prevention: conduct disorder, depressive disorders, alcohol abuse and dependence, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
True Equalization of Polarization-Dependent Loss in Presence of Fast Rotation of SOP (2020)

In an optical fiber communication system, polarization-dependent loss (PDL), referring to polarization-dependent optical power attenuation, might be a main system performance limiting factor. PDL causes a difference in signal power and imbalance of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) between the two polarization branches. The OSNR asymmetry will eventually deteriorate the overall system performance. At present, most of the equalization methods of PDL in the literature can only accomplish power imbalance equalization and are, thus, not the true equalization of PDL. Besides, in some extreme environments, like lightning strikes, Kerr and Faraday effects would generate ultra-fast rotation of state of polarization (RSOP), as fast as mega-radian per second. The fast RSOP in combination with PDL makes the eigenmodes of the PDL randomly time-varying, which will put a heavy burden on the equalization module of the receiver. Faced with this dilemma, in this paper, we propose a scheme for the true equalization of PDL in the presence of fast RSOP through an approach based on the combination of the polarization-time code and Kalman filter. The proposed approach is proved to be very effective and provides significant performance. With a 1.2 dB OSNR penalty, it can jointly equalize large PDL (7 dB) and fast RSOP (up to 1 Mrad/s).
Stereolithography of ceramic suspensions (1997)

Rapid prototyping of ceramics is accomplished with stereolithography by using an SLA machine to build the ceramic green from a UV‐curable suspension of ceramic powders ‐ a “ceramic resin”. Objects are later sintered in a separate furnace to complete the process. Aluminium oxide resins based on hexanediol diacrylate are characterized for curing behaviour by photo‐rheology and differential photo calorimetry with a UV lamp, and with an HeCd laser using “windowpanes”, single strings, and walls.
Apnea patients characterized by 0.02 Hz peak in the multitaper spectrogram of electrocardiogram signals (2002)

The authors present a method for identifying patients suffering from the sleep disorder apnea on the basis of their Electro-Cardiograms (EGCs). The method is a simple algorithm which utilises characteristic features present in the ECG spectrogram. Additionally they describe extensions which enable assessment of whether a subject is experiencing apnea on a minute by minute basis. The authors find that the most informative spectral feature is a previously observed low frequency oscillation at 0.02 Hz. The oscillation is present during apnea episodes in both the raw ECG signal and also the point process signal formed from the beat times. This indicates that there is a change in the intrinsic dynamics of the system regulating the cardiac cycle heart during apnea episodes. The method was applied to a test set of data provided by Dr Penzel for the 'Computers in Cardiology Challenge 2000' competition and classified all subjects correctly (30/30=100%) and scored 15257/17268=88% on the minute by minute classification. Entrant 7 Entry numbers 20000503.123923 and 20000916.193931.
Transesterification of Oil by Sulfated Zr-Supported Mesoporous Silica (2011)

Highly dispersed sulfated zirconia has been successfully supported on SBA-15 using a postsynthesis method (P-SZS) and compared with conventional sulfated zirconia (SZ) in terms of catalytic activity in the transesterification of palm oil. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, NH3 TPD, and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements. The P-SZS catalysts could retain the ordered mesoporous hexagonal structure even at very high Zr loadings, and they had higher acidities (i.e., higher amounts of acid sites and higher acid strengths) than SZ because of the interaction of the highly dispersed sulfated zirconia with the large surface area of SBA-15. As a result, P-SZS catalysts have higher catalytic activities than SZ catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil with methanol. A series of P-SZS catalysts with varying amounts of sulfated zirconia were synthesized. P-SZS-1, which had the highest amount of supported sulfated zirconia, showed the best catalytic performance for transesterification reaction. The activity and stability of P-SZS-1 catalyst could be maintained, as the used P-SZS-1 catalyst could be regenerated simply by resulfation of the catalytic sites without the destruction of the ordered mesoporous structure. Interestingly, P-SZS-1 catalyst could be recycled and reused for at least five cycles without significant decrease in activity and stability.
The nuts and bolts of the endogenous spliceosome (2016)

The complex life of pre-mRNA from transcription to the production of mRNA that can be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to encode for proteins entails intricate coordination and regulation of a network of processing events. Coordination is required between transcription and splicing and between several processing events including 5' and 3' end processing, splicing, alternative splicing and editing that are major contributors to the diversity of the human proteome, and occur within a huge and dynamic macromolecular machine-the endogenous spliceosome. Detailed mechanistic insight of the splicing reaction was gained from studies of the in vitro spliceosome assembled on a single intron. Because most pre-mRNAs are multiintronic that undergo alternative splicing, the in vivo splicing machine requires additional elements to those of the in vitro machine, to account for all these diverse functions. Information about the endogenous spliceosome is emerging from imaging studies in intact and live cells that support the cotranscriptional commitment to splicing model and provide information about splicing kinetics in vivo. Another source comes from studies of the in vivo assembled spliceosome, isolated from cell nuclei under native conditions-the supraspliceosome-that individually package pre-mRNA transcripts of different sizes and number of introns into complexes of a unique structure, indicating their universal nature. Recent years have portrayed new players affecting alternative splicing and novel connections between splicing, transcription and chromatin. The challenge ahead is to elucidate the structure and function of the endogenous spliceosome and decipher the regulation and coordination of its network of processing activities. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1377. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1377 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 is essential for the development and sustained growth of acute myeloid leukemia (2012)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently relapses after initial treatment. Drug resistance in AML has been attributed to high levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1. Here we report that removal of Mcl-1, but not loss or pharmacological blockade of Bcl-x(L), Bcl-2, or Bcl-w, caused the death of transformed AML and could cure disease in AML-afflicted mice. Enforced expression of selective inhibitors of prosurvival Bcl-2 family members revealed that Mcl-1 is critical for survival of human AML cells. Thus, targeting of Mcl-1 or regulators of its expression may be a useful strategy for the treatment of AML.
A new susceptibility‐weighted image reconstruction method for the reduction of background phase artifacts (2013)

The Magnitude of Complex Filtering method successfully reduced most background phase effects without requiring additional processing or scan time.
An optoelectronic self-oscillatory circuit with an optical fiber delayed feedback and its injection locking technique (1984)

An optoelectronic self-oscillatory circuit with a constant time delay and its injection locking have been theoretically and experimentally described. The oscillation circuit incorporates a delayed feedback path by utilizing an optical fiber and is characterized by a differential-difference equation. The oscillation waveform and amplitude have been investigated by computing the equation. It is also shown that a stable frequency locking region exists and expands with an increase in the injection amplitude. By employing a carrier signal, two methods for optoelectronic oscillation, an AM and an FM type, are proposed and have been demonstrated to obtain more stable oscillation.
An electro-thermal model for metal-oxide-metal antifuses (1995)

In this paper, a complete electro-thermal analysis is presented for the metal-oxide-metal antifuses. The application of the Wiedemann-Franz Law and the thin film effect on thermal and electrical conductivities of metal films were also discussed. Several key parameters for tungsten-oxide-tungsten antifuse were extracted. The reaction temperature between tungsten and oxide was estimated to be around 1300/spl deg/C. The core resistivity was found to be around 250 /spl mu//spl Omega//spl middot/cm. This model can be readily extended to the other metal-dielectric-metal systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flux through hepatic pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase detected by hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup> C magnetic resonance (2011)

In the heart, detection of hyperpolarized [(13)C]bicarbonate and (13)CO(2) by magnetic resonance (MR) after administration of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate is caused exclusively by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate via the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). However, liver mitochondria possess alternative anabolic pathways accessible by [1-(13)C]pyruvate, which may allow a wider diagnostic range for hyperpolarized MR compared with other tissue. Metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was monitored in the isolated perfused liver from fed and fasted mice. Hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate was rapidly converted to [1-(13)C]lactate, [1-(13)C]alanine, [1-(13)C]malate, [4-(13)C]malate, [1-(13)C]aspartate, [4-(13)C]aspartate, and [(13)C]bicarbonate. Livers from fasted animals had increased lactate:alanine, consistent with elevated NADH:NAD(+). The appearance of asymmetrically enriched malate and aspartate indicated high rates of anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylase activity and incomplete equilibration with fumarate. Hyperpolarized [(13)C]bicarbonate was also detected, consistent with multiple mechanisms, including cataplerotic decarboxylation of [4-(13)C]oxaloacetate via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), forward TCA cycle flux of [4-(13)C]oxaloacetate to generate (13)CO(2) at isocitrate dehydrogenase, or decarboxylation of [1-(13)C]pyruvate by PDH. Isotopomer analysis of liver glutamate confirmed that anaplerosis was sevenfold greater than flux through PDH. In addition, signal from [4-(13)C]malate and [4-(13)C]aspartate was markedly blunted and signal from [(13)C]bicarbonate was completely abolished in livers from PEPCK KO mice, indicating that the major pathway for entry of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate into the hepatic TCA cycle is via pyruvate carboxylase, and that cataplerotic flux through PEPCK is the primary source of [(13)C]bicarbonate. We conclude that MR detection of hyperpolarized TCA intermediates and bicarbonate is diagnostic of pyruvate carboxylase and PEPCK flux in the liver.
Ultrafast and Ultrashort: Some Recent Advances in Pulsed Lasers (2014)

In the R&D lab, new materials, improved performance and higher power levels are expanding opportunities for ultrashort-pulse lasers. And industrial suppliers are pushing the envelope toward ever-shorter and more stable pulses, extending micromachining into previously untapped segments.
Preparation and characterization of high molecular weight poly(hydroxy ethers) with unusually high glass transition temperatures (1992)

Abstract A series of novel poly(hydroxy ethers) have been prepared via polymerization of the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol‐A ( 4 ), 4,4 ′‐tribromotetramethylbiphenol ( 6a ), and 4,4 ′‐tetrabromotetramethylbiphenol ( 6b ) with a variety of rigid diols in an effort to systematically modify structural features of the phenoxy repeat unit in order to control the torsional mobility of polymer backbones and produce materials with softening temperatures higher than are typical for the class. The resulting poly(hydroxy ethers) displyed glass transition temperatures ranging from 109 to 242°C. There of the polymers were characterized with respect to tensile and impact properties and were compared to the polymer sythesized from bisphenol‐A ( 1 ) and bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether ( 4 ).
A human homolog of <i>Drosophila</i> warts tumor suppressor, h‐warts, localized to mitotic apparatus and specifically phosphorylated during mitosis (1999)

We identified a human homolog of Drosophila warts tumor suppressor gene, termed h-warts, which was mapped at chromosome 6q24-25.1. The h-warts protein has a serine/threonine kinase domain and is localized to centrosomes in interphase cells. However, it becomes localized to the mitotic apparatus, including spindle pole bodies, mitotic spindle, and midbody, in a highly dynamic manner during mitosis. Furthermore, h-warts is specifically phosphorylated in cells at mitotic phase, most likely by Cdc2 kinase. These findings suggest that h-warts functions as a component of the mitotic apparatus and is involved in proper progression of mitosis.
Low-profile circularly polarized Fabry-Perot resonator antenna array with substrate integrated waveguide feed network (2017)

A 2*2 low-profile circularly polarized Fabry-Perot resonator antenna array with a low cost substrate integrated waveguide feed network is presented. Patch squares are introduced on antenna ground as artificial magnetic conductor to resize the total antenna height to a quarter wavelength. The substrate integrated waveguide feed network are deliberately designed to produce a 90° phase difference at four output ports as to create sequential excitations for enhancement of antenna array circularly polarization performance. Whole antenna array structure is validated by HFSS with a gain of 16.5dBi at 5.8GHz and good circular polarization is obtained.