gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Domestic Solar Water Heaters (2004)

Abstract Solar water heating systems convert solar radiation into useable thermal energy in the form of hot water. Domestic solar water heaters can provide households with a large proportion of their hot water needs while reducing the amount of conventional fuel used and hence reducing home energy costs. The amount of hot water produced will depend on the type and size of the system, the climate, and location for solar access. Over the years, a variety of system designs have been developed and tested to meet specific consumer needs and environmental conditions. Domestic solar water heaters can be categorized as being either active or passive and can be further grouped according to the configuration of the main solar water heating components: integral or distributed. Integrated systems combine the collector and storage functions in a single unit, whereas distributed systems have a separate solar collector and hot water store connected by a piping network. Distributed systems can be either active or passive. In active systems, a pump circulates the transfer fluid between the collector and the store. Integrated systems are almost always passive as they do not require external power.
Direct Servo Error Signal Detection Method from Recorded Micro-Reflectors (2009)

Micro-reflector data storage is a practical candidate for post Blu-ray optical memory. It is based on bit-wise recording in a monolithic recording medium with a reference layer. In our conventional drive system, the objective lens position is controlled by servo error signals obtained from the reference layer. However, this servo system is not sufficiently robust against recording medium tilt and decentering because the servo error signals are not directly obtained from recorded marks. Here, we present a novel direct three-dimensional servo method to resolve this problem. In this servo method, the objective lens position is controlled by servo error signals directly obtained from recorded marks, or micro-reflectors. We verified the validity of the novel servo method by simulations. Furthemore, we demonstrated the improvement of the envelope and the jitter of a RF signal by the novel servo method experimentally.
Optimization of range checking (1982)

An analysis is given for optimizing run-time range checks in regions of high execution frequency. These optimizations are accomplished using strength reduction, code motion and common subexpression elimination. Test programs, using the above optimizations, are used to illustrate run-time improvements.
Reducing flow artifacts in echo‐planar imaging (1997)

Echo-planar imaging (EPI) is very susceptible to flow artifacts. Two ways to improve its flow properties are presented. First, "partial flyback" is proposed to reduce artifacts arising from flow in the readout direction. Near the center of k-space, only the even echoes of the EPI echo-train are used. Partial flyback is shown to improve the readout-flow properties at the expense of a slight worsening of the phase-encode flow and off-resonance properties. We recommend that the flyback region acquire 95% of the energy in k-space. Second, "inside-out" EPI is used to reduce artifacts arising from flow in the phase-encode direction. Data collection begins at the center of k-space, with separate interleaves to acquire the top and bottom, halves of k-space. Partial flyback is combined with partial-Fourier EPI and inside-out EPI. Partial-flyback inside-out EPI has worse off-resonance properties than partial-flyback partial-Fourier EPI but demonstrates better flow properties and does not require partial k-space reconstruction.
<title>Access Couplers For Multiterminal Fiber Communication Systems</title> (1975)

Optical "T" and Multiple "T" access couplers designed for tapped trunk line multi-terminal communication systems which use bundles of multimode fibers as the transmission media have been investigated. The particular coupler designs tested used bent pyrex rods for bifurcation and scrambling. Coupler throughput losses (not counting packing fraction losses) are 1.5 - 2.5 dB. The bent rod optical "T" and multiple "T" access couplers must be used with high N.A., low packing fraction loss fibers.
Using biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles to capture Gram-negative bacteria at an ultra-low concentrationElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b305421g/ (2003)

After conjugation to vancomycin (Van), chemically stable and highly magnetic anisotropic FePt magnetic nanoparticles (approximately 4 nm) become water-soluble and capture E. coli at 15 cfu mL(-1).
Harnessing Heat Beyond 200 °C from Unconcentrated Sunlight with Nonevacuated Transparent Aerogels (2019)

Heat at intermediate temperatures (120-220 °C) is in significant demand in both industrial and domestic sectors for applications such as water and space heating, steam generation, sterilization, and other industrial processes. Harnessing heat from solar energy at these temperatures, however, requires costly optical and mechanical components to concentrate the dilute solar flux and suppress heat losses. Thus, achieving high temperatures under unconcentrated sunlight remains a technological challenge as well as an opportunity for utilizing solar thermal energy. In this work, we demonstrate a solar receiver capable of reaching over 265 °C under ambient conditions without optical concentration. The high temperatures are achieved by leveraging an artificial greenhouse effect within an optimized monolithic silica aerogel to reduce heat losses while maintaining high solar transparency. This study demonstrates a viable path to promote cost-effective solar thermal energy at intermediate temperatures.
Groups merging and groups disbanding in ip multicast (2004)

A novel method is developed to merge and disband groups in IP multicast while retaining the original setup of their groups. It extends the semantic of joining or leaving a membership from discrete members to group members in IP networks. It has minimal impact on existing multicast trees and does not affect the operations of multicast routing protocols and the Internet group management (IGMP). It incurs lower processing overheads by maintaining the merge status of groups at the network level instead of storing the status at application level. A prototype router and testbed have been implemented successfully to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution and for performance evaluation. The proposed group connection management fills the necessary gap in the existing IP multicast architecture, where the lack of graceful merging and disbanding methods present an obstacle for more creative and complex usage of group applications.
A multi-dimensional characterization of anxiety in monozygotic twin pairs reveals susceptibility loci in humans (2017)

The etiology of individual differences in human anxiousness is complex and includes contributions from genetic, epigenetic (i.e., DNA methylation) and environmental factors. Past genomic approaches have been limited in their ability to detect human anxiety-related differences in these factors. To overcome these limitations, we employed both a multi-dimensional characterization method, to select monozygotic twin pairs discordant for anxiety, and whole genome DNA methylation sequencing. This approach revealed 230 anxiety-related differentially methylated loci that were annotated to 183 genes, including several known stress-related genes such as NAV1, IGF2, GNAS, and CRTC1. As an initial validation of these findings, we tested the significance of an overlap of these data with anxiety-related differentially methylated loci that we previously reported from a key neural circuit of anxiety (i.e., the central nucleus of the amygdala) in young monkeys and found a significant overlap (P-value < 0.05) of anxiety-related differentially methylated genes, including GNAS, SYN3, and JAG2. Finally, sequence motif predictions of all the human differentially methylated regions indicated an enrichment of five transcription factor binding motifs, suggesting that DNA methylation may regulate gene expression by mediating transcription factor binding of these transcripts. Together, these data demonstrate environmentally sensitive factors that may underlie the development of human anxiety.
980 nm diode pumped laser action in Yb/sup 3+/:YCOB (2003)

Summary form only given. Ytterbium doped laser media are well suited for diode pumping and have favorable spectroscopic properties for compact high average power lasers emitting either tunable or ultrashort infrared radiation. In our previous work, we have demonstrated YCa/sub 4/O(BO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ (YCOB), to have some advantages such as broad wavelength tunability and the capability of self-frequency doubling. We have investigated the potential of Yb:YCOB under diode pumping utilizing widely available 980 nm diodes. Additional experiments were performed to show laser operation of Yb:YCOB under 900 nm pumping using a tunable CW Ti-sapphire.
Optimizing the Binding Affinity of a Carrier Protein (2004)

Prolonging the circulatory half-life of low mass protein drugs can be achieved either by administration of a pro-drug or through co-injection with a carrier protein that will slowly release the active protein. The rate of release is concentration and affinity dependent. The optimal relationship between these two in prolonging the half-life of a pro-drug is the focus of this work. Interferon (IFN) beta is one of the most widely used protein drugs in the clinic. Here, we show that the circulatory half-life of IFNbeta can be significantly extended by co-administration with the extracellular domain of the IFN receptor ifnar2 (ifnar2-EC). To investigate the concentration/affinity relation, a range of tighter binding ifnar2-EC mutants was designed that bind IFNbeta, but not IFNalpha2, up to 50-fold tighter compared with the wild-type ifnar2-EC. This increased affinity is related to a slower dissociation rate, whereas the association of IFNbeta with ifnar2-EC is already near optimum. Using the wild-type and mutant receptors, we investigated their potential in occluding IFNbeta from circulation in a tissue culture assay, as well as in rats. To determine the potential of ifnar2-EC as a carrier protein, we co-administered a mixture of IFNbeta and ifnar2-EC to rats both intravenously and subcutaneously, and followed the blood plasma concentrations of IFNbeta over time. The tighter binding ifnar2-EC mutant had a clear advantage in prolonging the half-life of IFNbeta in circulation, even when lower protein concentrations were administered. A numerical simulation of the in vivo data demonstrates that the optimal binding affinity of a carrier protein is around the concentration needed to obtain optimal activity of the ligand.
Model predictive pulse pattern control (2011)

Industrial applications of medium-voltage drives impose increasingly stringent performance requirements, particularly with regards to harmonic distortions of the phase currents of the controlled electrical machine. An established method to achieve very low current distortions during steady-state operation is to employ offline calculated optimized pulse patterns (OPP). Achieving high dynamic performance, however, proves to be very difficult in a system operated by OPPs. In this paper, we propose a method that combines the optimal steady-state performance of OPPs with the very fast dynamics of trajectory tracking control. A constrained optimal control problem with a receding horizon policy, i.e. model predictive control (MPC), is formulated and solved. Results show that the combination of MPC with OPPs satisfies both the strict steady-state as well as the dynamic performance requirements imposed by the most demanding industrial applications. This is achieved without resorting to complicated structures such as observers of the state variable fundamental components of the electrical machine, which are required by state-of-the-art methods. A further advantage of the MPC method is the use of a receding horizon policy to provide feedback and a high degree of robustness.
Radiating Leaky-Mode Losses in Single-Mode Lightguides with Depressed-Index Claddings (1982)

Cutoff characteristics are calculated for the fundamental mode in a single-mode double-clad lightguide structure whose refractive index in the inner cladding is less than the index of the outer cladding. Results of this study indicate how to choose the proper depressed cladding width, depth in order to reduce long-wavelength losses that have been observed in experimental MCVD fibers with fluorine-doped phosphosilicate claddings.
Bone marrow transplantation across major histocompatibility barriers. V. Protection of mice from lethal graft-vs.-host disease by pretreatment of donor cells with monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 coupled to the toxin ricin. (1982)

A new method has been devised to eliminate T cells from murine bone marrow grafts across major histocompatibility barriers and thus prevent graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). The method utilizes a monoclonal antibody directed at the Thy-1.2 antigen but is complement independent. To make anti-Thy-1.2 toxic, the antibody is covalently linked to the toxin ricin. Ricin ordinarily binds, enters, and kills cells through receptors containing galactose. The hybrid protein, anti-Thy-1.2-ricin, can enter and kill cells via the Thy-1.2 receptor. In the presence of lactose the usual entry route for ricin is largely blocked and the hybrid is shown to be a highly selective reagent that is T cell specific in its inhibition of mitogen-stimulated splenocytes. We have used a model of severe and fatal GVHD where BALB/c splenocytes and bone marrow cells are given to irradiated C57BL/6 recipients. Over 90% of these mice die by day 70, exhibiting signs of GVHD. When donor cells are pretreated with 0.5 microgram/ml of anti-Thy-1.2-ricin plus 200 mM lactose before injection, 10 of 11 animals survive through day 70 without signs of GVHD. These studies demonstrate that ricin linked to monoclonal antibodies may have utility related to the prevention of GVHD in human bone marrow transplantation.
Estrogen receptor β as a therapeutic target for promoting neurogenesis and preventing neurodegeneration (2005)

Abstract Both estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ, are expressed throughout the brain of both rodents and humans. Analyses from our laboratory and others reveal that both ERα and ERβ can contribute to estrogen‐induced protection against neurodegenerative insults. ERβ plays a key role in regulating brain development and estrogen‐induced promotion of neurogenesis and memory. These findings suggest that targeting ERβ could generate safe and effective therapeutics to promote neuronal defense mechanisms and to maintain cognitive function, while simultaneously reducing adverse effects in reproductive organs such as breast and uterus. A number of naturally occurring ERβ selective phytoestrogens have been identified and multiple structurally diverse ERβ selective ligands have been synthesized. A comparison of the models of complexes between selective agonists and either ERα or ERβ reveals that two variant amino acid residues in the ligand binding site, Leu384 and Met421 in ERα, which are replaced with Met336 and Ile373, respectively, in ERβ, are the key molecular constituents underlying the binding of selective ligands to either ER subtype. Development of an ERβ brain‐selective estrogen receptor modulator, in particular a natural source formulation, has great potential benefit for peri‐ and post‐menopausal women who face age‐associated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. In addition, an ERβ selective formulation might promote neuronal defense mechanisms and cognition in men, while reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Drug Dev. Res. 66:103–117, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Branch and Bound for Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines (2007)

Semi-supervised SVMs (S 3 VM) attempt to learn low-density separators by maximizing the margin over labeled and unlabeled examples.The associated optimization problem is non-convex.To examine the full potential of S 3 VMs modulo local minima problems in current implementations, we apply branch and bound techniques for obtaining exact, globally optimal solutions.Empirical evidence suggests that the globally optimal solution can return excellent generalization performance in situations where other implementations fail completely.While our current implementation is only applicable to small datasets, we discuss variants that can potentially lead to practically useful algorithms.
Improved spectral efficiency through iterative concatenated convolutional reed-solomon software decoding (2006)

In this paper we describe on iterative algorithm for concatenated convolutional Reed-Solomon decoders that improve the spectral efficiency of the communication system by increasing the error correction capabilities and as a consequence lowering the retransmission rate. In our method, the decoding process starts assuming the received code word has at most t errors, where 2t+1 is the Reed-Solomon code's minimum distance. If, after the decoding process, all the syndromes are zero the decoding is successful; otherwise there were more than t errors encountered. At this point, the decoder assumes s erasure positions based on the erasure information coming from the convolutional decoder. If the error locator polynomial has degree equal to r = (2t-s)/2, then most likely the error positions are in the current Galois-field and a second decoding algorithm is performed. Otherwise, s = s+2 erasures are assumed and again the degree of the error locator polynomial is checked. This continues until the maximum number of erasures, 2t, is reached. The Reed-Solomon decoder is executed entirely in software on the Sandbridge processor, which features special instructions for single instruction multiple data (SIMD) Galois field (GF) multiplication and other SIMD operations. Multiple decoder algorithms with different degrees of complexity are stored in external memory, such that for a particular RS data packet the one with less computational complexity can be employed, depending on the error/erasure information. By using our method, the packet retransmission rate is decreased, resulting in improved spectral efficiency. The improved spectral efficiency is reflected by a total link budget improvement of up to one dB
REAL TIME ULTRASONIC ALUMINUM SPOT WELD MONITORING SYSTEM (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. Pérez Regalado, A. M. Chertov, R. Gr. Maev; REAL TIME ULTRASONIC ALUMINUM SPOT WELD MONITORING SYSTEM. AIP Conference Proceedings 22 February 2010; 1211 (1): 1152–1158. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3362181 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Ship detection based on surface fitting modeling for large range background of ocean images (2016)

For the seawater background interference problem in ship detection of high resolution remote sensing images, the characteristics of seawater background are analyzed deeply in this paper. And it's found that there is consistent in local but continuous variation in large range. On the basis of above analysis, a Gauss variable surface seawater background model for high resolution remote sensing images is built, and the estimation of mean surface and variance surface are also given. Then, a novel ship detection method based on sea background statistical modeling is proposed for large range high resolution remote sensing images. The experimental results show the feasibility of our proposed method in sea background modeling and target detection for different kinds of high resolution remote sensing images. Compared with the other relative method, the proposed method has higher recall rate and lower missing rate.
Identification of two major families of transferrin receptors among<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>strains based on antigenic and genomic features (1993)

The transferrin receptor or transferrin-binding proteins (Tbps) of 50 strains of Neisseria meningitidis belonging to different serogroups were examined by Western blotting using two rabbit antisera raised against Tbp purified from N. meningitidis strains B16B6 and M982. On the basis of the reactivity of Tbp2 with the antisera two patterns were observed and allowed the classification of 74% of the strains in group I (M982-like strains) and 26% in group II (B16B6-like strains). Southern blot analysis was performed on the genomic DNA of 16 meningococcal strains and showed that under stringent conditions, the tbp2 probes were specific for each group identified. Both immunological and genomic analyses have led to the identification within N. meningitidis strains of two major families distinguished on the basis of the characteristics of Tbp2 molecules, independently of serogroup, type or subtype.
A syntax-based statistical translation model (2001)

We present a syntax-based statistical translation model. Our model transforms a source-language parse tree into a target-language string by applying stochastic operations at each node. These operations capture linguistic differences such as word order and case marking. Model parameters are estimated in polynomial time using an EM algorithm. The model produces word alignments that are better than those produced by IBM Model 5.
Asymmetric MRI systems: shim and RF coil designs (2005)

We have recently introduced the concept of asymmetric clinical MRI systems. The potential advantages of these systems include a reduced perception of claustrophobia by patients and better physician access to the patient. For asymmetric magnet systems to be useful as a clinical system, asymmetric shims and RF coils must be implemented, and in this work we describe new design methodologies for both.
Interferon gamma selectively inhibits very primitive CD342+CD38- and not more mature CD34+CD38+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells. (1994)

To assess the effects of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) on very primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells, CD34(2+)CD38- human bone marrow cells were isolated and cultured in a two-stage culture system, consisting of a primary liquid culture phase followed by a secondary semisolid colony assay. CD34(2+)CD38- cells needed at least the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3) and kit ligand (KL) together with either IL-1, IL-6, or granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the primary liquid phase in order to proliferate and differentiate into secondary colony-forming cells (CFC). Addition of IFN-gamma to the primary liquid cultures inhibited cell proliferation and generation of secondary CFC in a dose-dependent way. This was a direct effect since it was also seen in primary single cell cultures of CD34(2+)CD38- cells. The proliferation of more mature CD34+CD38+ cells, however, was not inhibited by IFN-gamma, demonstrating for the first time that IFN-gamma is a specific and direct hematopoietic stem cell inhibitor. IFN-gamma, moreover, preserves the viability of CD34(2+)CD38- cells in the absence of other cytokines. IFN-gamma could, therefore, play a role in the protection of the stem cell compartment from exhaustion in situations of hematopoietic stress and may be useful as stem cell protecting agent against chemotherapy for cancer.