gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Omeprazole inhibis growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including <i>Helicobacter pylori in vitro</i> (1996)

The antibacterial effects of omeprazole (100, 200 and 300 mg/L) were assessed using bacterial growth curves. A dose-related permanent inhibition was seen with actively growing Gram-positive cocci. A reduced and only temporary effect was observed with Gram-negative bacilli. After 1 day the bacterial count of Helicobacter pylori in the presence of omeprazole 200 mg/L was reduced from 10(4) cfu/mL for the control to zero. No synergic or antagonistic interaction of omeprazole with amoxycillin or doxycycline was observed for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis.
Frenetic (2010)

Most interfaces for programming network devices are defined at the low level of abstraction supported by the underlying hardware, which leads to complicated programs that are prone to errors. This paper proposes a high-level programming language for OpenFlow networks based on ideas originally developed in the functional programming community. Our language, called Frenetic, includes a rich pattern algebra for classifying packets, a "program like you see every packet" abstraction, and a run-time system that automatically generates the low-level packet-processing rules. We describe the design and implementation of Frenetic, and show how to use it to implement common management tasks.
Regulation of co‐ and post‐translational myristoylation of proteins during apoptosis: interplay of <i>N</i> ‐myristoyltransferases and caspases (2012)

Myristoylation occurs cotranslationally on nascent proteins and post-translationally during apoptosis after caspase cleavages expose cryptic myristoylation sites. We demonstrate a drastic change in the myristoylated protein proteome in apoptotic cells, likely as more substrates are revealed by caspases. We show for the first time that both N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs) 1 and 2 are cleaved during apoptosis and that the caspase-3- or -8-mediated cleavage of NMT1 at Asp-72 precedes the cleavage of NMT2 by caspase-3 mainly at Asp-25. The cleavage of NMTs did not significantly affect their activity in apoptotic cells until the 8 h time point. However, the cleavage of the predominantly membrane bound NMT1 (64%) removed a polybasic domain stretch and led to a cytosolic relocalization (>55%), whereas predominantly cytosolic NMT2 (62%) relocalized to membranes when cleaved (>80%) after the removal of a negatively charged domain. The interplay between caspases and NMTs during apoptosis is of particular interest since caspases may not only control the rates of substrate production but also their myristoylation rate by regulating the location and perhaps the specificity of NMTs. Since apoptosis is often suppressed in cancer, the reduced caspase activity seen in cancer cells might also explain the higher NMT levels observed in many cancers.
MicroRNA-150 inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting the chemokine receptor CCR6, in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (2014)

In this study, we show that microRNA-150 (miR-150) is significantly downregulated in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and that this downregulation is strongly associated with tumor invasion/metastasis. Inoculation of CTCL cell lines into nonobese diabetic/Shi-scid interleukin 2γ (IL-2γ) null mice led to CTCL cell migration to multiple organs; however, prior transfection of the cells with miR-150 substantially reduced the invasion/metastasis by directly downregulating CCR6, a specific receptor for the chemokine CCL20. We also found that IL-22 and its specific receptor subunit, IL22RA1, were aberrantly overexpressed in advanced CTCL, and that production of IL-22 and CCL20 was increased in cultured CTCL cells. IL22RA1 knockdown specifically reduced CCL20 production in CTCL cells, suggesting that IL-22 upregulation may activate the production of CCL20 and its binding to CCR6, thereby enhancing the multidirectional migration potential of CTCL cells. CTCL cells also exhibited nutrition- and CCL20-dependent chemotaxis, which were inhibited by miR-150 transfection or CCR6 knockdown. From these findings, we conclude that, in the presence of continuous CCR6 upregulation accompanied by miR-150 downregulation, IL-22 activation leads to continuous CCL20-CCR6 interaction in CTCL cells and, in turn, autocrine metastasis to distal organs. This suggests miR-150, CCL20, and CCR6 could be key targets for the treatment of advanced CTCL.
Tetravalent Ce in the Nitrate-Decorated Hexanuclear Cluster [Ce<sub>6</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>-O)<sub>4</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>-OH)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>12+</sup>: A Structural End Point for Ceria Nanoparticles (2016)

We describe the synthesis and characterization of three glycine-stabilized hexanuclear CeIV cluster compounds, each containing the [Ce6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4]12+ core structure. Crystallized from aqueous nitrate solutions with pH < 0, the core cluster structures exhibit variable decoration by nitrate, glycine, and water ligands depending on solution conditions, where increased nitrate and glycine decoration of the cluster core was observed for crystals synthesized at high Ce and nitrate concentrations. No other crystalline products were observed using this synthetic route. In addition to confirming the tetravalent oxidation state of cerium in one of the reported clusters, cyclic voltammetry also indicates that CeIV is reduced at ∼+0.60 V vs Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl), which is significantly less than the standard electrode potential. This large decrease in the CeIV/CeIII reduction potential suggests that CeIV is significantly stabilized relative to CeIII within the examined cluster. These compounds are discussed in terms of their importance as small, end member, ceric oxide nanoparticles. Single-crystal structural solutions, together with voltammetry and electrolysis data, permit the decoupling of CeIII defects and substoichiometry. In addition, Ce–Ce distances can be used to determine an “effective” CeO2–x lattice constant, providing a simple method for comparing literature descriptions. The results are discussed in terms of their potential implications for the mechanisms by which nanoparticle ceria serve as catalysts and oxygen-storage materials.
Predicting house prices using Ensemble Learning with Cluster Aggregations (2017)

The purpose of this investigation, as prescribed by Valueguard AB, was to evaluate the utility of Machine Learning (ML) models to estimate prices on samples of their housing dataset. Specifically,the aim was to minimize the Median Absolute Percent Error (MDAPE) of the predictions. Valueguard were particularly interested in models where the dataset is clustered by coordinates and/or attributes in various ways to see if this can improve results. Ensemble Learning models with cluster aggregations were built and compared against similar model counterparts which do not partition the data. The weak learners were either lazy kNN learners (k nearest neighbors), or eager ANN learners (artificial neural networks) and the test set objects were either classified to single weak learners or tuned to multiple weak learners. The best results were achieved by the cluster aggregation model where test objects were tuned to multiple weak learners and it also showed the most potential for improvement.
Comparisons of Different Hypervariable Regions of<i>rrs</i>Genes for Use in Fingerprinting of Microbial Communities by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (2004)

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) has become a widely used tool to examine microbial diversity and community structure, but no systematic comparison has been made of the DGGE profiles obtained when different hypervariable (V) regions are amplified from the same community DNA samples. We report here a study to make such comparisons and establish a preferred choice of V region(s) to examine by DGGE, when community DNA extracted from samples of digesta is used. When the members of the phylogenetically representative set of 218 rrs genes archived in the RDP II database were compared, the V1 region was found to be the most variable, followed by the V9 and V3 regions. The temperature of the lowest-melting-temperature (T(m(L))) domain for each V region was also calculated for these rrs genes, and the V1 to V4 region was found to be most heterogeneous with respect to T(m(L)). The average T(m(L)) values and their standard deviations for each V region were then used to devise the denaturing gradients suitable for separating 95% of all the sequences, and the PCR-DGGE profiles produced from the same community DNA samples with these conditions were compared. The resulting DGGE profiles were substantially different in terms of the number, resolution, and relative intensity of the amplification products. The DGGE profiles of the V3 region were best, and the V3 to V5 and V6 to V8 regions produced better DGGE profiles than did other multiple V-region amplicons. Introduction of degenerate bases in the primers used to amplify the V1 or V3 region alone did not improve DGGE banding profiles. Our results show that DGGE analysis of gastrointestinal microbiomes is best accomplished by the amplification of either the V3 or V1 region of rrs genes, but if a longer amplification product is desired, then the V3 to V5 or V6 to V8 region should be targeted.
Components, Building Blocks, and Demonstrations of Spherical Mechanisms in Microelectromechanical Systems (2008)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are usually fabricated using planar processing methods, which complicates the design of devices capable of complex motions. For applications that need a micromechanism that rotates out of the plane of fabrication with an in-plane rotational input, or that rotates spatially about a point, spherical kinematics may represent an appropriate solution. This paper describes the design of spherical mechanisms for MEMS including the design of joints and links, and what may be the first demonstration of two spherical micromechanism building blocks: the spherical four-bar micromechanism and the spherical slider-crank micromechanism. Two other micromechanisms are demonstrated to illustrate how the building block devices may be used to create more complex devices.
A Fluorescent Lamp Electronic Ballast for Railway Applications Based on Low-Cost Microcontroller (2005)

This paper deals with the use of microprocessor-based control circuits in automotive and railway lighting applications. Thus, the design and implementation of an electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps using a low-cost microcontroller (/spl mu/C) is presented. The ballast has been especially developed for lighting applications in railways, where the International Union of Railways (UIC) 555 Code must be fulfilled. The /spl mu/C is used to optimize the lamp ignition and supply, and to regulate lamp power against line voltage, thus fulfilling UIC 555 requirements. Also, protection features such as lamp soft reignition, overcurrent, and undervoltage are included using the /spl mu/C.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the Recombinant BCG Vaccine AERAS-422 in Healthy BCG-naïve Adults: A Randomized, Active-controlled, First-in-human Phase 1 Trial (2016)

Aeras, FDA, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Extracting electrical energy from the vacuum by cohesion of charged foliated conductors (1984)

Any pair of conducting plates at close distances ( \ensuremath{\mu}m) experience an attractive Casimir force that is due to the electromagnetic zero-point fluctuations of the vacuum. A "vacuum-fluctuation battery" can be constructed by using the Casimir force to do work on a stack of charged conducting plates. By applying a charge of the same polarity to each conducting plate, a repulsive electrostatic force will be produced that opposes the Casimir force. If the applied electrostatic force is adjusted to be always slightly less than the Casimir force, the plates will move toward each other and the Casimir force will add energy to the electric field between the plates. The battery can be recharged by making the electrical forces slightly stronger than the Casimir force to reexpand the foliated conductor.
VoIP over WLAN: voice capacity, admission control, QoS, and MAC (2006)

Abstract Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is one of the fastest growing Internet applications. It is a viable alternative to the traditional telephony systems due to its high resource utilization and cost efficiency. Meanwhile, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a ubiquitous networking technology that has been deployed around the world. Driven by these two popular technologies, Voice over WLAN (VoWLAN) has been emerging as an infrastructure to provide low‐cost wireless voice services. However, VoWLAN poses significant challenges since the performance characteristics of wireless networks are much worse than that of their wireline counterparts, and the IEEE 802.11‐based WLAN was not originally designed to support delay‐sensitive voice traffic. In this paper, we provide a survey of recent advances in VoWLAN voice capacity analysis, call admission schemes, and medium access control (MAC) layer quality of service (QoS) enhancement mechanisms. Some open research issues are presented for further investigation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenotypes of the ovarian follicular basal lamina predict developmental competence of oocytes (2008)

These findings provide direct evidence that the phenotype of the follicular basal lamina is related to oocyte competence.
Monitoring oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by Raman spectroscopy (2007)

Abstract Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were oxidized in air and acids while varying the treatment time and/or temperature. The goal of this approach was to create the highest density of carboxyl groups with moderate sample loss, which is necessary for nanocomposite applications. In situ Raman experiments allowed real‐time observation of the structural changes in MWCNTs upon oxidation. The ratio of the Raman intensities of the D and G bands was used to estimate the concentration of defects. It was found that while an oxidation for 6 h in H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 provided the strongest effect, a ‘flash oxidation’ in air (15 min at 550 °C) also leads to an efficient functionalization in a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly way. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and electrophoretic mobility analysis were used to study the oxidized nanotubes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiosensitization by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor PCI-24781 (2007)

PCI-24781 shows promise as a radiosensitizing agent that may compromise the accuracy of repair of radiation damage.
High Quality Voice Conversion through Phoneme-Based Linear Mapping Functions with STRAIGHT for Mandarin (2007)

A novel voice conversion system using phoneme-based linear mapping functions on main vowel phonemes is proposed in this paper. Our voice conversion algorithm has the following three improvements. First, instead of using all the vocal tract resonance (VTR) vectors in the portion of a phoneme, we use the VTR vector at the steady-state of each phoneme to train phoneme-based GMM. Second, different linear mapping functions have been trained to describe the mapping relationships for corresponding phonemes. Third, in the transformation procedure, the transformed formant frequencies at the main vowel phonemes are obtained using the corresponding GMM. Besides, prosody parameters are also transformed. Finally the converted speech is re-synthesized with the transformed parameters by high quality speech manipulation framework STRAIGHT (Speech Transformation and Representation based on Adaptive Interpolation of weiGHTed spectrogram). Perceptual results for F-M and M-F conversion show that our MOS score of the converted voice is improved from 3.8 to 4.1 and ABX score from 3.3 to 3.8 compared with IBM's system. Comparisons with other systems are also given in this paper.
Self-organizing map of Pareto solutions obtained from multiobjective supersonic wing design (2002)

Self-Organizing Map (SOM) has been applied to analyze 766 Pareto solutions obtained from the four-objective aerodynamic optimization of supersonic wings using Evolutionary Algorithms. Threedimensional Pareto front (tradeoff surface) is mapped onto the two-dimensional SOM where global tradeoffs are successfully visualized. Furthermore, from the clusters obtained in the SOM, the design variables are mapped onto another SOM. This leads to clusters of design variables which indicate the relative importance of design variables and their interactions. SOM is confirmed to be a versatile datamining tool for aeronautical engineering.
NMR Investigation of Ionic Liquid−LiX Mixtures:  Pyrrolidinium Cations and TFSI<sup>-</sup> Anions (2005)

In this paper is reported an extensive NMR characterization of N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR13TFSI) room-temperature ionic liquid and its mixtures with LiTFSI. NMR was used to investigate the interactions between the ionic liquid and lithium salt and the diffusion coefficients of all ionic species present in these mixtures. The results are compared with previous DSC, Raman, and electrochemical investigations.
Mechanical slowing-down of cytoplasmic diffusion allows in vivo counting of proteins in individual cells (2016)

Many key regulatory proteins in bacteria are present in too low numbers to be detected with conventional methods, which poses a particular challenge for single-cell analyses because such proteins can contribute greatly to phenotypic heterogeneity. Here we develop a microfluidics-based platform that enables single-molecule counting of low-abundance proteins by mechanically slowing-down their diffusion within the cytoplasm of live Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. Our technique also allows for automated microscopy at high throughput with minimal perturbation to native physiology, as well as viable enrichment/retrieval. We illustrate the method by analysing the control of the master regulator of the E. coli stress response, RpoS, by its adapter protein, SprE (RssB). Quantification of SprE numbers shows that though SprE is necessary for RpoS degradation, it is expressed at levels as low as 3-4 molecules per average cell cycle, and fluctuations in SprE are approximately Poisson distributed during exponential phase with no sign of bursting.
New Titanatranes:  Characterization and Styrene Polymerization Behavior (2002)

New titanatranes containing cyclopentadienyl ligands were prepared by the reactions of various kinds of trialkanolamines with (C5Me4R)TiCl3 (Cp' = C5Me4R) in the presence of triethylamine. The X-ray analyses reveal that they exist in the monomeric form in the solid state and the Ti atom adopts essentially an η5 bonding posture with the Cp' ring and a tetradentate bonding mode with the trialkanolatoamine ligand via a transannular interaction from the bridgehead N atom to Ti. All compounds show very high catalytic activity for the syndiospecific polymerization of styrene in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) cocatalyst.
Cloak and Dagger: Alternative Immune Evasion and Modulation Strategies of Poxviruses (2015)

As all viruses rely on cellular factors throughout their replication cycle, to be successful they must evolve strategies to evade and/or manipulate the defence mechanisms employed by the host cell. In addition to their expression of a wide array of host modulatory factors, several recent studies have suggested that poxviruses may have evolved unique mechanisms to shunt or evade host detection. These potential mechanisms include mimicry of apoptotic bodies by mature virions (MVs), the use of viral sub-structures termed lateral bodies for the packaging and delivery of host modulators, and the formation of a second, "cloaked" form of infectious extracellular virus (EVs). Here we discuss these various strategies and how they may facilitate poxvirus immune evasion. Finally we propose a model for the exploitation of the cellular exosome pathway for the formation of EVs.
A model for context effects in speech recognition (1993)

A model is presented that quantifies the effect of context on speech recognition. In this model, a speech stimulus is considered as a concatenation of a number of equivalent elements (e.g., phonemes constituting a word). The model employs probabilities that individual elements are recognized and chances that missed elements are guessed using contextual information. Predictions are given of the probability that the entire stimulus, or part of it, is reproduced correctly. The model can be applied to both speech recognition and visual recognition of printed text. It has been verified with data obtained with syllables of the consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) type presented near the reception threshold in quiet and in noise, with the results of an experiment using orthographic presentation of incomplete CVC syllables and with results of word counts in a CVC lexicon. A remarkable outcome of the analysis is that the cues which occur only in spoken language (e.g., coarticulatory cues) seem to have a much greater influence on recognition performance when the stimuli are presented near the threshold in noise than when they are presented near the absolute threshold. Demonstrations are given of further predictions provided by the model: word recognition as a function of signal-to-noise ratio, closed-set word recognition, recognition of interrupted speech, and sentence recognition.
Low-complexity Cole-Cole expression for modelling human biological tissues in (FD) <sup>2</sup> TD method (2007)

It is always crucial to have an accurate human tissue model for bio-electromagnetic analysis by using the frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain ((FD)2TD) method. A new approach is proposed that constructs a new Debye-type equation to perform the Cole-Cole dispersion in the (FD)2TD method. The proposed approach is extremely flexible and promising in representing different human tissues, and the same strategy can be applied to different frequency spectra. The proposed equation provides precise outcomes, but requires only a simple implementation. The results obtained can be found to be particularly important in analysing the interaction between electromagnetic waves and human biological tissues.
High-speed complex number multiplier and inner-product processor (2003)

Complex number arithmetic computations are one of the key arithmetic components in modern digital communication and optical systems. Complex number multiplication and complex number inner-product play a unique role in these applications. In this paper, a complex-number multiplier and complex-number inner-product processor based on a Redundant Binary (RB) representation are presented. This work is an extension of a previous real fixed-point inner-product hardware design. With the proposed algorithms, the complex number multiplication is reduced to parallel RB multiplications, and the complex number inner-product is produced using a RB addition tree. This proposed inner-product processor can be reconfigured or controlled to perform different computations such as inner-product processing or parallel multiplies for real and/or complex numbers. The design results, not only in simplified arithmetic operations, but also in a highly parallel and simple architecture when compared with other methods.
Improved Success of Myoblast Transplantation in mdx Mice by Blocking the Myostatin Signal (2005)

: Blocking the myostatin signal in mdx mice allowed the size of muscle fibers to increase, the fiber resistance to damage induced by exercise to increase, and the success of normal myoblast transplantation to improve. The transplantation in mdx mice of dnActRIIB myoblasts formed more abundant and larger dystrophin positive fibers.