gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Selective and Sequential Reduction of Polyhalosilanes with Alkyltin Hydrides. (1989)

Abstract The reactions outlined in the scheme as well as similar reactions performed with Et 3 SnH and Me 2 SnH 2 demonstrate that alkyltin hydrides have selective, stepwise reducing (i.e.
Two-dimensional inverted planar perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 15% <i>via</i> solvent and interface engineering (2019)

Formamide and PCP-Na are combined to simultaneously increase <italic>J</italic><sub>sc</sub> and <italic>V</italic><sub>oc</sub>, resulting in a PCE of 15.86%.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Fused Imidazopyridines:  A New Series of Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands (1996)

2-Arylimidazo[4,5-c]quinolines and analogous fused imidazopyridines were synthesized and evaluated as benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Affinity to the receptors was greatly affected by the bulkiness of the aryl group at the 2-position, compared to the pyrazoloquinolines such as CGS-9896. Derivatives with an isoxazole moiety at the 2-position showed high binding affinity and in vivo activity. In the imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline series, substitution at the 6-position decreased or abolished activity. Most derivatives with an unsubstituted isoxazolyl group showed antagonist or inverse agonist activity except for the 7-halo analogues, which exhibited agonist activity. On the other hand, 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl or 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl derivatives generally exhibited agonist activity. A similar substitution effect on the isoxazole moiety was observed in the imidazopyridines fused with a nonaromatic ring. From the detailed pharmacological evaluation, S-8510, 2-(3-isoxazolyl)-3,6,7,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrano++ +[4,3-b]pyridine monophosphate, possessing weak inverse agonist activity was selected as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of some symptoms of senile dementia.
An mTOR Signaling Modulator Suppressed Heterotopic Ossification of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (2018)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare and intractable disorder characterized by extraskeletal bone formation through endochondral ossification. FOP patients harbor gain-of-function mutations in ACVR1 (FOP-ACVR1), a type I receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins. Despite numerous studies, no drugs have been approved for FOP. Here, we developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) system focused on the constitutive activation of FOP-ACVR1 by utilizing a chondrogenic ATDC5 cell line that stably expresses FOP-ACVR1. After HTS of 5,000 small-molecule compounds, we identified two hit compounds that are effective at suppressing the enhanced chondrogenesis of FOP patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (FOP-iPSCs) and suppressed the heterotopic ossification (HO) of multiple model mice, including FOP-ACVR1 transgenic mice and HO model mice utilizing FOP-iPSCs. Furthermore, we revealed that one of the hit compounds is an mTOR signaling modulator that indirectly inhibits mTOR signaling. Our results demonstrate that these hit compounds could contribute to future drug repositioning and the mechanistic analysis of mTOR signaling.
Strain effects on two-mode fiber gratings (1993)

The spectral, interferometric, and polarization properties of mode-coupling fiber gratings under strain are described. The grating is formed by photosensitivity that uses modal interference in the two-mode fiber. Theoretical and experimental results show the possibilities of using the fiber grating for optical switches, tunable filters, interferometric sensors, and polarizers.
Tau Phosphorylation Rates Measured by Mass Spectrometry Differ in the Intracellular Brain vs. Extracellular Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartments and Are Differentially Affected by Alzheimer’s Disease (2019)

Tau protein aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system contributes to the etiology of certain neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Though the mechanism of tau destabilization is not fully understood yet, tau protein has been found to be hyperphosphorylated in tau aggregates. To investigate this further, we developed a highly sensitive and specific mass spectrometry (MS) method using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to identify tau phosphorylation sites. This method enables us to compare the abundance of phosphorylation sites in tau proteins in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in humans with and without AD. We detected 29 distinct phosphorylated tau (p-tau) sites in full-length tau from soluble human brain lysate and 12 sites on truncated tau in CSF, mainly in the mid-domain. Brain soluble tau phosphorylation sites are localized on three domains including a proline-rich mid-domain, the C-terminus, and a cluster on the N-terminal projection domain not previously characterized. Some phosphorylation sites increased in CSF, while others decreased compared to brain. Notably, phosphorylation on T205 and S208, recognized by AT8 antibody defining Braak stages of brain tau aggregation, were not detected in normal brain soluble tau but were found in the CSF. Comparison of the p-tau rates from the brain and the CSF indicated that the abundance of phosphorylated sites varied in a site-specific manner. CSF tau proteins from non-AD participants were significantly hyperphosphorylated on T111, T205, S208, T217 and T231. In AD CSF, hyperphosphorylation on these sites was exacerbated, and phosphorylation on T153 and T175 specifically were detected. This supports the hypothesis that tau hyperphosphorylation could be a physiological process amplified by AD pathology. Conversely, we found that S202 was hypophosphorylated in CSF and was not hyperphosphorylated in AD, demonstrating that p-tau isoforms could have different metabolisms depending on which sites are phosphorylated. These site-specific p-tau rates are independent of tau concentration and distinct of current CSF tau and p-tau assays measuring tau isoforms levels. Targeted MS multiplexing ability and high-throughput capacity lets us envision the use of these new p-tau measurements as promising biomarkers for AD diagnosis and tracking therapeutic responses.
Geometry clipmaps (2004)

Rendering throughput has reached a level that enables a novel approach to level-of-detail (LOD) control in terrain rendering. We introduce the geometry clipmap, which caches the terrain in a set of nested regular grids centered about the viewer. The grids are stored as vertex buffers in fast video memory, and are incrementally refilled as the viewpoint moves. This simple framework provides visual continuity, uniform frame rate, complexity throttling, and graceful degradation. Moreover it allows two new exciting real-time functionalities: decompression and synthesis. Our main dataset is a 40GB height map of the United States. A compressed image pyramid reduces the size by a remarkable factor of 100, so that it fits entirely in memory. This compressed data also contributes normal maps for shading. As the viewer approaches the surface, we synthesize grid levels finer than the stored terrain using fractal noise displacement. Decompression, synthesis, and normal-map computations are incremental, thereby allowing interactive flight at 60 frames/sec.
Desalination Performances of Large Hollow Fiber-Based DCMD Devices (2017)

Saline waters having high osmotic pressure are unsuitable for reverse osmosis desalination. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) can desalt such waters provided the membrane technique is highly resistant to fouling by scaling salts. In DCMD, we had shown earlier that a rectangular cross-flow hollow fiber membrane (HFM) configuration with a specific plasma-polymerized nearly superhydrophobic coating on the membrane ensured no precipitation-based fouling from CaCO3 and CaSO4 for salt concentrations up to 19 wt %. A novel aspect of this method, oscillation of unrestrained HFMs, is illustrated here. Earlier models simulating desalination performance of such devices assumed membrane mass transfer coefficient, km, as an adjustable parameter for large hollow fiber modules. Here km was predicted from a recent model without any adjustable parameters, resulting in a better module water vapor flux prediction. To improve membrane module performance and productivity, simulations were carried out by varying hollow fiber ID, HFM length, and the distillate flow rate. The simulation results will help design optimum HFM modules for DCMD-based desalination.
Optical Scanner For Linear Arrays (1985)

An optical scanner that is relatively free of radiometric errors, with a nominal focal error resulting from a curvature of scan, is described. Except for the imaging lens, all the optical elements are plane mirrors. The scanner, while scanning contiguous lines in the object plane, images each line onto a linear array in the image plane. The scans are essentially linear with scan angle and symmetric about the axial ray.
The Lipase C-terminal Domain (2001)

In vertebrates, dietary fat digestion mainly results from the combined effect of pancreatic lipase, colipase, and bile. It has been proposed that in vivo lipase adsorption on oil-water emulsion is mediated by a preformed lipase-colipase-mixed micelle complex. The main lipase-colipase binding site is located on the C-terminal domain of the enzyme. We report here that in vitro the isolated C-terminal domain behaves as a potent noncovalent inhibitor of lipase and that the inhibitory effect is triggered by the presence of micelles. Lipase inhibition results from the formation of a nonproductive C-terminal domain-colipase-micelle ternary complex, which competes for colipase with the active lipase-colipase-micelle ternary complex, thus diverting colipase from its lipase-anchoring function. The formation of such a complex has been evidenced by molecular sieving experiments. This nonproductive complex lowers the amount of active lipase thus reducing lipolysis. Preliminary experiments performed in rats show that the C-terminal domain also behaves as an inhibitor in vivo and thus could be considered a potential new tool for specifically reducing intestinal lipolysis.
Digital subcarrier optical networks (DSONs) (2012)

This paper describes an energy efficient and data rate flexible network transport solution to achieve sub-wavelength circuit provisioning between edge node pairs. Sub-wavelength circuits are obtained by concatenating spectrally efficient digital subcarrier channels along the network path, with each subcarrier frequency carrying only a fraction of the wavelength bandwidth. By reserving one or more such subcarrier frequencies along a path connecting two edge nodes, a dedicated end-to-end sub-wavelength circuit is provisioned. At intermediate nodes, incoming frequencies are switched to outgoing frequencies via a specially designed frequency selective switch or cross-connect, described in a companion paper [7]. The power consumption required to switch subcarrier frequencies across the network is estimated to be a fraction of the power dissipated by currently available transport solutions, e.g., optical transport network (OTN) and multiprotocol label switching transport profile (MPLS-TP).
Tubedown-1 (Tbdn-1) suppression in oxygen-induced retinopathy and in retinopathy of prematurity. (2006)

These results suggest that the loss of retinal endothelial Tbdn-1 expression may be a contributing factor in retinal blood vessel proliferation in ROP.
High-efficiency white OLEDs based on small molecules (2004)

Eastman Kodak Company and SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. recently demonstrated a 15" full-color, organic light-emitting diode display (OLED) using a high-efficiency white emitter combined with a color-filter array. Although useful for display applications, white emission from organic structures is also under consideration for other applications, such as solid-state lighting, where high efficiency and good color rendition are important. By incorporating adjacent blue and orange emitting layers in a multi-layer structure, highly efficient, stable white emission has been attained. With suitable host and dopant combinations, a luminance yield of 20 cd/A and efficiency of 8 lm/W have been achieved at a drive voltage of less than 8 volts and luminance level of 1000 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. The estimated external efficiency of this device is 6.3% and a high level of operational stability is observed. To our knowledge, this is the highest performance reported so far for white organic electroluminescent devices. We will review white OLED technology and discuss the fabrication and operating characteristics of these devices.
Neural Network Based Industrial Character Recognition System and Application for Laser Marking Characters. (1992)

member (Hitachi, Ltd
Distortion product emissions in humans. III. Influence of sensorineural hearing loss. (1990)

The realization that otoacoustic emissions are sensitive to cochlear disorders has resulted in the speculation that they may have considerable clinical potential as objective measures of hearing. To assess the clinical utility of one type of emission, the distortion product emission (DPE), a study was undertaken in individuals with hearing impairments representing a number of common otologic disorders. The results of this investigation provided evidence that tests of DPEs promise to satisfy a number of requirements important to clinical testing, including objectivity of measurement procedures, test-retest reliability, simple subject preparation, readily available instrumentation, and relatively brief examination periods. The fine resolution of DPEs within the stimulus frequency and level domains also permits an accurate confirmation of the pattern of hearing loss. For example, tests of DPEs detected a 20-dB hearing level impairment at a single frequency in an ear exhibiting early signs of noise-induced hearing loss, and a 10-dB improvement in sensitivity following ingestion of the hyperosmotic agent glycerol in an ear displaying a mild to moderate hearing loss due to Meniere's disease. Finally, the application of DPEs to the objective testing of otologic disorders suggests that the ability of these responses to assess the sensory component of a sensorineural disorder may contribute to the eventual understanding of the complicated pathogenesis of many cochlear diseases. When all the positive features of DPE testing are realized, the potential contribution that these measures can make in a clinical setting becomes apparent.
Inversion recovery with embedded self‐calibration (IRES) (2009)

With self-calibrated parallel acquisition, the calibration data used to characterize coil response are acquired within the actual, parallel scan. Although this eliminates the need for a separate calibration scan, it reduces the net acceleration factor of the parallel scan. Furthermore, this reduction gets worse at higher accelerations. A method is described for three-dimensional inversion recovery gradient-echo imaging in which calibration is incorporated into the sequence but with no loss of net acceleration. This is done by acquiring the calibration data using very small (<or=4 degrees) tip angle acquisitions during the delay interval after acquisition of the accelerated imaging data. The technique is studied at 3 Tesla with simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments using both image-space-based and k-space-based parallel reconstruction methods. At nominal acceleration factors of 3 and 4, the newly described inversion recovery with embedded self-calibration (IRES) method can retain effective acceleration with comparable SNR and contrast to standard self-calibration. At a net two-dimensional acceleration factor of 4, IRES can achieve higher SNR than standard self-calibration having a nominal acceleration factor of 6 but the same acquisition time.
Responses to Glutamate in Rat Taste Cells (1997)

We studied taste transduction in sensory receptor cells. Specifically, we examined the actions of glutamate, a significant taste stimulus, on the membrane properties of taste cells by applying whole cell patch-clamp techniques to cells in rat taste buds isolated from foliate and vallate papillae. In 55 of 91 taste cells, bath-applied glutamate, at concentrations that elicit taste responses in the intact animal (10-20 mM), produced one of two different responses when the cell membrane was held near its presumed resting potential, -85 mV. "Sustained" glutamate responses were observed in the majority of taste cells (51 of 55) and consisted of an outward current (reduction of the maintained inward current). Sustained glutamate responses were voltage dependent, were decreased by membrane depolarization, and were accompanied by a reduction in membrane conductance. An analysis of the reversal potential of sustained responses in different ionic conditions and the effect of ion substitutions suggested that the currents were carried by cations. The data suggest that sustained responses are mediated by the closure of nonselective cation channels. Other taste cells (4 of 55) responded to glutamate with a transient inward current--so-called "transient" responses. Transient glutamate responses were voltage dependent and Na+ dependent, and appeared to be generated by nonspecific cation channels activated by glutamate. L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4), a specific agonist of a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR4) recently identified in rat taste cells and believed to be involved in taste transduction, mimicked the sustained glutamate responses. These findings indicate that glutamate, at concentrations at or slightly above threshold for taste in rats, produces two different membrane currents. The properties of these two responses suggest that there may be two different sets of nonspecific cation channels in taste cells, one closed by glutamate (sustained response) and the other opened (transient response). Our findings on the effect of L-AP4 suggest that the sustained response is the membrane mechanism mediating, at least in part, taste transduction for glutamate.
The association of DNA Repair with breast cancer risk in women. A comparative observational study (2012)

Our results support the usefulness of DRC level as a measure of BC risk. Additional studies in other populations are needed to further verify its usefulness.
MRPrimer: a MapReduce-based method for the thorough design of valid and ranked primers for PCR (2015)

Primer design is a fundamental technique that is widely used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although many methods have been proposed for primer design, they require a great deal of manual effort to generate feasible and valid primers, including homology tests on off-target sequences using BLAST-like tools. That approach is inconvenient for many target sequences of quantitative PCR (qPCR) due to considering the same stringent and allele-invariant constraints. To address this issue, we propose an entirely new method called MRPrimer that can design all feasible and valid primer pairs existing in a DNA database at once, while simultaneously checking a multitude of filtering constraints and validating primer specificity. Furthermore, MRPrimer suggests the best primer pair for each target sequence, based on a ranking method. Through qPCR analysis using 343 primer pairs and the corresponding sequencing and comparative analyses, we showed that the primer pairs designed by MRPrimer are very stable and effective for qPCR. In addition, MRPrimer is computationally efficient and scalable and therefore useful for quickly constructing an entire collection of feasible and valid primers for frequently updated databases like RefSeq. Furthermore, we suggest that MRPrimer can be utilized conveniently for experiments requiring primer design, especially real-time qPCR.
Mitigation of low-frequency underwater anthropogenic noise using stationary encapsulated gas bubbles (2012)

Collections of bubbles cause significant dispersion and attenuation of underwater sound near the individual bubbles' resonance frequencies and can potentially be used to abate low-frequency anthropogenic underwater noise. Such effects have been reported for large encapsulated bubbles with resonance frequencies below 100 Hz [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. {\bf{127}}:2015 (2010)] and significant attenuation due to bubble resonance phenomena and acoustic impedance mismatching was observed in experiments using a compact electromechanical acoustic source [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. {\bf{128}}:2279 (2010); J. Acoust. Soc. Am. {\bf{129}}:2462 (2011)]. We describe a method of shielding either a noise source or a receiver using screens or curtains of large encapsulated bubbles. This method was applied to two distinct types of real-world noise excitation: continuous wave noise radiated by a vibrating marine vessel and impact noise from marine pile driving. Experimental results show significant noise reduction ranging up to 40 dB can be attained using this method. In addition, a model of encapsulated bubble dynamics was developed and has been used in conjunction with numerical models to design the encapsulated bubble curtain systems. [Work supported by Shell Global Solutions and the ARL:UT IR&D Program.]
Solid state ionic polishing of diamond (1995)

A new process for polishing diamond is presented. The reaction and polishing take place at the interface of an oxygen superionic conductor (yittria-stabilized zirconia) and the diamond. Oxygen anions are transported to the interface under the influence of an electric field and react with the diamond. It is believed that a volatile product of CO and/or CO2 is formed during the polishing. The process takes place at moderately low temperatures, without mechanical motion, and can be accomplished in ambient air, making it an attractive and useful method. In addition, the process is damage-free with no polishing residue, as has been determined by energy dispersive x-ray analysis.