gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of silicon carbide MOSFET and IGBT based electric vehicle traction inverters (2015)

This paper compares Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET and IGBT based electric vehicle (EV) traction inverters by considering the cost and efficiency of these two inverters. Commercially available SiC MOSFET CCS50M12CM2 (1200V / 50A) from Cree and IGBT PM50RL1A120 (1200V / 50A) from Powerex are modeled in detail in PSIM to obtain efficiency curves of inverters under different load conditions. The gained efficiency curves are evaluated using a kinematic model of an EV under three different drive cycles to compare the performance of these two inverters in terms of energy efficiency. Finally, initial cost and operation costs of these two inverters are analyzed.
Feature Forest Models for Probabilistic HPSG Parsing (2008)

Probabilistic modeling of lexicalized grammars is difficult because these grammars exploit complicated data structures, such as typed feature structures. This prevents us from applying common methods of probabilistic modeling in which a complete structure is divided into sub-structures under the assumption of statistical independence among sub-structures. For example, part-of-speech tagging of a sentence is decomposed into tagging of each word, and CFG parsing is split into applications of CFG rules. These methods have relied on the structure of the target problem, namely lattices or trees, and cannot be applied to graph structures including typed feature structures. This article proposes the feature forest model as a solution to the problem of probabilistic modeling of complex data structures including typed feature structures. The feature forest model provides a method for probabilistic modeling without the independence assumption when probabilistic events are represented with feature forests. Feature forests are generic data structures that represent ambiguous trees in a packed forest structure. Feature forest models are maximum entropy models defined over feature forests. A dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for maximum entropy estimation without unpacking feature forests. Thus probabilistic modeling of any data structures is possible when they are represented by feature forests. This article also describes methods for representing HPSG syntactic structures and predicate-argument structures with feature forests. Hence, we describe a complete strategy for developing probabilistic models for HPSG parsing. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is empirically evaluated through parsing experiments on the Penn Treebank, and the promise of applicability to parsing of real-world sentences is discussed.
3D shape estimation from 2D landmarks: A convex relaxation approach (2015)

We investigate the problem of estimating the 3D shape of an object, given a set of 2D landmarks in a single image. To alleviate the reconstruction ambiguity, a widely-used approach is to confine the unknown 3D shape within a shape space built upon existing shapes. While this approach has proven to be successful in various applications, a challenging issue remains, i.e., the joint estimation of shape parameters and camera-pose parameters requires to solve a nonconvex optimization problem. The existing methods often adopt an alternating minimization scheme to locally update the parameters, and consequently the solution is sensitive to initialization. In this paper, we propose a convex formulation to address this problem and develop an efficient algorithm to solve the proposed convex program. We demonstrate the exact recovery property of the proposed method, its merits compared to alternative methods, and the applicability in human pose and car shape estimation.
Analytical Armature Reaction Field Distribution of Slotless Brushless Machines With Inset Permanent Magnets (2012)

An analytical armature reaction magnetic field calculation is proposed for slotless brushless machines with inset permanent magnets (PMs). The rotor/stator back-irons are assumed to have infinite permeability and therefore the analytical solutions are obtained for the winding, air-gap, and magnets regions. The analytical expressions can be used for the brushless slotless surface-inset PM machines with any armature current waveform and any number of phases. The effects of the iron inter-poles on the armature reaction field have been studied. To verify the model, the analytical results have been compared with those obtained from finite-element analyses (FEA).
Excimer laser ablation of the cornea (1995)

Pulsed ultraviolet laser ablation is being extensively investigated clinically to reshape the optical surface of the eye and correct vision defects. Current knowledge of the laser/tissue interaction and the present state of the clinical evaluation are reviewed. In addition, the principal findings of internal Food and Drug Administration research are described in some detail, including a risk assessment of the laser-induced-fluorescence and measurement of the nonlinear optical properties of cornea during the intense UV irradiation. Finally, a survey is presented of the alternative laser technologies being explored for this ophthalmic application.
On‐line liquid chromatography/fast‐atom bombardment of protein tryptic digests (1990)

Abstract The assignment of the peptides in the chromatographic separation of tryptic peptides from a large protein was investigated by liquid chromatography/fast‐atom bombardment mass spectrometry (LC/FABMS). Methodical interfacing of the instrumentation was required to maintain the resolution of the 70 peptides in the mixture whilst gaining maximum fast‐atom bombardment sensitivity. The reconstructed ion current showed excellent correlation with ultra violet detection, illustrating that chromatographic resolution was indeed preserved. Results allowed the determination of retention times of peptides by plotting the mass chromatograms of the expected materials from the acquired spectra. It was also found that spectrum‐averaging and background subtraction could yield considerable sequence information from the LC/FAB spectra of peptides, acquired using a two‐sector instrument.
A study of statistical process control: Practice, problems and training needs (1998)

To ascertain factors relevant to effective training for statistical process control (SPC), this study examines the training practices and needs of 10 UK manufacturing organizations of different sizes and product ranges. In the companies, which were all actively using SPC, major training needs were found over the whole range of SPC-related activities, from conceptual understanding of its potential effectiveness as a quality tool, through the development of diagnostic and problem-solving skills, down to basic control chart completion and interpretation. The companies that seemed most effective in the use of SPC had devolved more SPC procedures to employees lower in the organizational hierarchy. In those companies, all employees had good levels of education and the training tended to focus on domain-relevant and conceptually concrete approaches. In the other companies, a diverse mixture of forms of training were used, with limited success. From the training needs identified and the comparison of the forms of training, some recommendations for the design of SPC training have been inferred.
Partial Differential Equations for 3D Data Compression and Reconstruction (2013)

This paper describes a Partial Differential Equation (PDE) based method for 3D reconstruction of surface patches. The PDE method is exploited using data obtained from standard 3D scanners. First the original surface data are sparsely re-meshed by a number of cutting planes whose intersection points on the mesh are represented by Fourier coefficients in each plane. Information on the number of vertices and scale of the surface are defined and, together, these efficiently define the compressed data. The PDE method is then applied at the reconstruction stage by defining PDE surface patches between the sparse cutting planes recovering thus, the vertex density of the original mesh. Results show that compression rates over 96 % are achieved while preserving the quality of the 3Dmesh. The paper discusses the suitability of the method to a number of applications and general issues in 3D compression and reconstruction. AMS Subject Classifications: 35Q68, 35Q94.
Electrical properties and microcosmic study on compound defects in Ga-containing thermoelectric skutterudites (2014)

Group 13 elements, such as Ga, In, and Tl, in skutterudite caged compounds show many differences compared with normal metal fillers. The charge-compensated compound defect (CCCD) model has been proposed recently to explain the abnormal behavior in thermodynamics and thermoelectric transports for Ga/In-containing skutterudites. Partial evidence from the macroscopic perspective has been given to support the CCCD model by using X-ray diffraction and statistical electron micro-probe analysis. In this work we have undertaken a systematic study on Ga-containing skutterudites from the microscopic perspective based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interestingly, microscopic study gives similar results and conclusions to macroscopic analysis, such as the solubility and dual-site occupancy of Ga in skutterudites. These abnormal dual-site compound defects lead to unusual covalent bonds, instead of ionic bonds between filler-Ga and the neighboring Sb/Ga atoms, which makes the carrier concentrations and mobilities significantly different from those of normal fillers. The unusual character of Ga in skutterudites provides an extra possible method to tune the thermoelectric properties in skutterudites, in addition to those approaches used for normal fillers.
دور الأنشطة التربوية في رعاية الطلاب الموهوبين في مدارس مديرية تربية بني عبيد من وجهة نظر المعلمين (2023)

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن دور الأنشطة التربوية في رعاية الطلاب الموهوبين في مدارس مديرية تربية بني عبيد من وجهة نظر المعلمين، كشفت النتائج عن أن المتوسط الحسابي العام لدور الأنشطة التربوية في رعاية الطلاب الموهوبين في مدارس مديرية تربية بني عبيد من وجهة نظر المعلمين بلغ (3.52) وهو ذا مستوى متوسط. وجاء المجال الثقافي بالمرتبة الأولى وبمستوى مرتفع، بينما جاء المجال الفني بالمرتبة الأخيرة وبمستوى متوسط. كما خلصت الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين استجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة حول دور الأنشطة التربوية في رعاية الطلاب الموهوبين في مدارس مديرية تربية بني عبيد تعزى لمتغيرات النوع الاجتماعي، المؤهل العلمي، وسنوات الخبرة. وأوصت الدراسة بتخصيص ميزانية في كل مدرسة لدعم مواهب الطلبة ودعم الأنشطة التربوية التي بدورها تشجيع الطلبة على إطلاق العنان لمواهبهم وقدراتهم المتميزة، وعقد اتفاقيات تعاون ما بين وزارة التربية والتعليم ووزارة الشباب والرياضة ووزارة الثقافة لدعم مواهب الطلبة وعقد المسابقات والبرامج المناسبة.
Establishment by an Original Single‐cell Cloning Method and Characterization of an Immortal Mouse Melanoblast Cell Line (NCCmelb4) (2004)

We devised a unique new single-cell cloning method which uses microscope cover glasses and established a melanoblast cell line derived from mouse neural crest cells. A microscope cover glass was nicked and broken into small pieces and put on a dish. Culture medium and a suspension of 20-30 cells/ml were dropped in the dish. After 1-3 d, a piece of glass to which only one cell was adhered was picked up and transferred to another dish containing culture medium. The greatest advantage of this method is that the derivation of a colony from a single cell can be directly confirmed by microscopy and there is no risk of migratory cells being contaminated by other colonies. Using this single-cell cloning method, in this study we established a cell line derived from a neural crest cell line (NCC-S4.1) and designated it as NCCmelb4. When the culture medium was supplemented with stem cell factor (SCF) alone, NCCmelb4 cells were KIT-positive and tyrosinase-negative melanocyte precursors; they remained at an immature and undifferentiated stage. When the medium was supplemented with phorbol 12-o-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA) + cholera toxin (CT), the cell morphology changed and became L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-positive. This observation indicates that the NCCmelb4 cells are capable of further differentiation with suitable stimulation. NCCmelb4 cells derived from the mouse neural crest has characteristics of melanocyte precursors (melanoblasts), and is a cell line which can be utilized to study differentiation-inducing factors and growth factors without the effects of feeder cells.
Structure of the TAPBPR–MHC I complex defines the mechanism of peptide loading and editing (2017)

Adaptive immunity is shaped by a selection of peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. The chaperones Tapasin (Tsn) and TAP-binding protein-related (TAPBPR) facilitate MHC I peptide loading and high-affinity epitope selection. Despite the pivotal role of Tsn and TAPBPR in controlling the hierarchical immune response, their catalytic mechanism remains unknown. Here, we present the x-ray structure of the TAPBPR-MHC I complex, which delineates the central step of catalysis. TAPBPR functions as peptide selector by remodeling the MHC I α2-1-helix region, stabilizing the empty binding groove, and inserting a loop into the groove that interferes with peptide binding. The complex explains how mutations in MHC I-specific chaperones cause defects in antigen processing and suggests a unifying mechanism of peptide proofreading.
A New and Efficient Method for the Selective Olefination of Aldehydes with Ethyl Diazoacetate Catalyzed by an Iron(II) Porphyrin Complex (2001)

Olefination of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with ethyl diazoacetate was achieved in excellent yields with triphenylphosphine and catalytic amounts of iron(II) meso-tetra(p-tolyl)porphyrin. The reaction conditions are mild and the process is efficient and highly selective (>90%) for the synthesis of the trans-olefin isomer. Results of mechanistic studies are discussed.
Suitability of LTE for drone-to-infrastructure communications in very low level airspace (2017)

The increasing availability of cheap and powerful drones for various applications is likely to cause a heavy usage of the very low level airspace in metropolitan areas with hundreds of simultaneously airborne drones per square kilometer in the near future. Certainly, the predicted large number of drones presents a major challenge to future UTM and especially to supporting communications systems. However, a robust and reliable communications system for drone-to-infrastructure communications is inevitably needed to grant all drones access to various services provided by UTM. In previous works, it has already been shown that commercial LTE networks are capable of providing connectivity to drones flying at low altitudes in principle. However, airborne drones which transmit data to the UTM infrastructure produce severe inter-cell interference since they have a strong line-of-sight connection to multiple LTE base stations at a time. Hence, we investigate further the suitability of the LTE uplink for drone-to-infrastructure communications in very low level airspace by LTE system-level simulations in this work. In particular, we identify the maximum drone density that can be thoroughly monitored and safely coordinated by a UTM system with LTE communication links. Our simulations show that an LTE system with 5 Mhz uplink bandwidth can support a message delivery ratio of more than 95% for drone densities of up to 200 drones per square kilometer assuming that all drones have to periodically transmit messages of 300 bytes at a rate of 10 Hz. It is concluded that future research has to focus on the mitigation of inter-cell interference so even a larger number of drones can get reliable access to all UTM services.
Using triple graph grammars to realise incremental round‐trip engineering (2016)

Model‐driven software engineering is supported with the help of model transformations. At present, the technology for defining and executing uni‐directional batch transformations seems to be fairly well developed, while bidirectional and incremental transformations are more difficult to handle. In this study, the authors present a bidirectional and incremental transformation tool for round‐trip engineering between class diagrams and Java source code. Unlike other approaches, the tool may work with arbitrary Java code rather than only with source code following specific coding conventions. For its realisation, they selected triple graph grammars (TGGs) because they allow to generate bidirectional incremental transformations from a single set of undirected rules. When applying TGGs, they observed several strengths and weaknesses which are also discussed in this study.
Real Spectra in Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians Having<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-script">P</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-script">T</mml:mi></mml:math>Symmetry (1998)

The condition of self-adjointness ensures that the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian are real and bounded below. Replacing this condition by the weaker condition of $\mathrm{PT}$ symmetry, one obtains new infinite classes of complex Hamiltonians whose spectra are also real and positive. These $\mathrm{PT}$ symmetric theories may be viewed as analytic continuations of conventional theories from real to complex phase space. This paper describes the unusual classical and quantum properties of these theories.
Improving Planning in Congested Sites Using 3D and 4D Modelling: A Case Study of a Pile-Supported Excavation Project in Chile (2015)

Improving Planning in Congested Sites Using 3D and 4D Modelling: A Case Study of a Pile-Supported Excavation Project in Chile Mauricio Toledo, Camila Matabenitez, Miguel Mora Pages 1-8 (2015 Proceedings of the 32nd ISARC, Oulu, Finland, ISBN 978-951-758-597-2, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: IT use in construction has grown lately and it has helped project teams to better understand and improve sizing of work packages. This supports decision making when selecting construction strategies, which is one of the main problems associated to projects late completion and cost overruns. Large excavation projects can benefit from the use of 3D and 4D models to improve efficiency of construction processes. In this study we wanted to demonstrate how the use of these technologies in the planning stage helps in the reduction of the project schedule and resource use. We developed a 3D model for a discontinuous pile-supported excavation project (56,000 m3; 18 m deep; 89 piles with up to three anchorage levels). Then, we prepared two 4D models: one used to show the as-built excavation, while the other showed an improved process. The improved process included considerations such as: granularity of the excavation geometry (level of detail for 3D model), placement of key design elements (e.g., excavation access ramp); analysis of excavation strategies; etc. Both 4D models were compared to check schedule reduction (and indirectly resource use). To validate the 4D modelling of civil works, the project team was interviewed and surveyed regarding both 4D models. Results showed that 4D models used in excavation processes help the project team to better plan and select construction strategies due to a better understanding and sizing of the excavation work. The result is an improved process which is shorter, and more resource efficient than the base case (as-built model). Keywords: 4D model, BIM, Excavation, Civil works, Construction strategy, Soil pixel DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2015/0016 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Choosing the right crowd (2013)

Expert selection is an important aspect of many Web applications, e.g., when they aim at matching contents, tasks or advertisement based on user profiles, possibly retrieved from social networks.
Block Neural Network Avoids Catastrophic Forgetting When Learning Multiple Task (2017)

In the present work we propose a Deep Feed Forward network architecture which can be trained according to a sequential learning paradigm, where tasks of increasing difficulty are learned sequentially, yet avoiding catastrophic forgetting. The proposed architecture can re-use the features learned on previous tasks in a new task when the old tasks and the new one are related. The architecture needs fewer computational resources (neurons and connections) and less data for learning the new task than a network trained from scratch
Epitaxial SrTiO/sub 3/ on silicon with EOT of 5.4 Å for MOS gate dielectric applications (2003)

We report on the electrical characteristics of epitaxially grown SrTiO/sub 3/ on p-Si[100] by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). For 100 /spl Aring/-thick SrTiO/sub 3/ films, the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and leakage current density are 5.4 /spl Aring/ and 0.7 mA/cm/sup 2/(@Vg = V/sub FB/-1 V), respectively. Dispersion and hysteresis characteristics are negligible. As deposited samples show relatively high fixed oxide charge density and interface state density which might be explained by incomplete oxidation of the metal layer. Low temperature (< 450/spl deg/C) post-metal forming gas annealing (FGA) which can passivate dangling bonds, significantly reduces the interface state density and fixed oxide charge density. The conduction mechanism of SrTiO/sub 3/ under positive and negative gate bias can be explained by Schottky emission and the Poole-Frenkel (P-F) mechanism, respectively.
Flesh and Blood (2012)

Research Article| November 01 2012 Flesh and Blood mark morton mark morton mark morton is the author of Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities (Insomniac Press, 2004) and The Lover's Tongue: A Merry Romp through the Language of Love and Sex (Insomniac Press, 2003). He teaches at the University of Waterloo, Canada, where he specializes in Early Modern Literature and Learning and Teaching through Technology. More information about his books is available at www.wordhistories.com. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gastronomica (2012) 12 (4): 6–7. https://doi.org/10.1525/GFC.2012.12.4.6 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation mark morton; Flesh and Blood. Gastronomica 1 November 2012; 12 (4): 6–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/GFC.2012.12.4.6 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentGastronomica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2012 The Regents of the University of California. All Rights Reserved.2012 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Intensity noise reduction in a single-frequency ytterbium-codoped erbium laser (1996)

We report on intensity noise suppression in a diode-pumped, single-frequency erbium bulk-glass laser codoped with ytterbium. Using an optoelectronic feedback circuit, we acheived a 30-dB reduction of the relaxation oscillation peak, at 160-kHz frequency, to a relative intensity noise of 2114 dByHz. A useful output power of 15 mW at 1533-nm wavelength was obtained.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Their Role in the Vessel Wall: Possible Mediators of Cardiovascular Risk? (2001)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors that regulate gene expression in response to activation by specific ligands including insulin sensitizing thiazolidinedione and lipid-lowering fibrates. Recent work has identified PPARalpha and PPARgamma expression in vascular cells and established a role for these receptors in the regulation of genes relevant to atherogenesis. The following review will focus on the role of PPAR activation in the vasculature and discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings.