gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A scalable architecture for providing deterministic guarantees (2003)

The Internet community has proposed the integrated services architecture (Intserv) and the signaling protocol RSVP to provide deterministic guarantees (bandwidth, delay and jitter) to individual flows. However, experience with practical systems has revealed the severe scalability problems of the Intserv model due to the amount of routing and reservation state that is required to he maintained in the routers. A natural approach to improving scalability of the Intserv architecture is through a reduction of the number of states in the routers by using aggregated flow state instead of per-flow state. We present a novel architecture that uses very few states in the routers, while still providing the deterministic guarantees of the Intserv model.
A Low Power and High Performance SOI SRAM Circuit Design with Improved Cell Stability (2006)

An embedded CMOS static random access memory (SRAM), including the array and a method of accessing cells in the array with improved cell stability for scalability and performance (over 5 GHz) is demonstrated in hardware using 65 nm partially depleted silicon on insulator (PD SOI) technology. The design features shorter bitlines (16 cells/bitline) along with a thin cell layout and programmable domino read operation. Bit lines connected to half selected cells in the array are floated during cell accesses for improved cell stability. In addition, the SRAM is supplied with multiple supplies: one to the cells, wordline drivers, and level shifters, and the other to the bitline and remaining logic to improve stability and lower power
Multi-Target Track-to-Track Fusion Based on Permutation Matrix Track Association (2018)

This paper proposes the Permutation Matrix Track Association (PMTA) algorithm to support track-to-track, multi-sensor data fusion for multiple targets in an autonomous driving system. In this system, measurement data from different sensor modalities (LIDAR, radar, and vision) is processed by object trackers operating on each sensor modality independently to create the tracks of the objects. The proposed approach fuses the object track lists from each tracker, first by associating the tracks within each track list, followed by a state estimation (filtering) step. The eventual output is the unified tracks of the objects provided for further autonomous driving processing, such as path and motion planning. The permutation matrix track association (PMTA) algorithm considers both spatial and temporal information to associate object tracks from different sensor modalities. Experimental results show that the proposed approach improves not only the performance of the multipletarget track-to-track fusion, but also stability and robustness in the resulting speed control and decision making in the autonomous driving system.
PTU-172 C-Myc as a Biomarker in Barrett’S Oesophagus (2013)

Introduction Identifying Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) patients at risk of progressing to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) remains a challenge. Diagnosis of low grade dysplasia is limited by considerable intra and inter-observer variability and inflammation in biopsy samples can lead to a diagnosis of indefinite for dysplasia. Immunostaining using molecular biomarkers would therefore be useful as a diagnostic adjunct in the assessment of dysplasia. The Aim of this study was to identify and validate a molecular biomarker that can objectively determine dysplasia status and thereby determine cancer risk in BE. Methods Biomarkers of interest were identified through mining of a microarray gene expression dataset from 59 oesophageal samples with strict consensus diagnosis by expert pathologists [21 BE with no dysplasia (NDBE), 10 BE with low grade dysplasia (LGD), 13 BE with high grade dysplasia (HGD) and 8 EA]. Subsequent validation was performed on a BE tissue microarray (TMA) (60 NDBE, 19 LGD and 29 HGD), and EA TMA (n = 278). Results Seventy eight genes were differentially expressed between NDBE and HGD. c-MYC was selected as a top target as the expression levels progressively increased with dysplasia stage and cancer with a fold change of 2.46 between NDBE and HGD. mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HGD and EA compared to NDBE (p < 0.0001). Immunostaining for c-MYC was positive in 25 out of 29 cases of HGD with a sensitivity 86% of and a specificity of 97% (Table 1). 10 out of 19 LGD stained positive for MYC. 254 out of 278 (91%) EA cases showed significant c-MYC protein expression. Among the 19 LGD samples, 9 had HGD in the BE segment and 7 of these were positive for c-MYC. Strong c-MYC staining was also observed in areas regarded as indefinite for dysplasia which were adjacent to areas of HGD. Abstract PTU-172 Table 1 Sample (n) c-MYC Protein expression (%) NDBE (62) 2 (3.2%) LGD (19) 10 (53%) HGD (29) 25(86%) Table 1. Immunohistochemistry for c-MYC in oesophageal samples. NDBE: Non-dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus, LGD: Low-grade dysplasia, HGD: High grade dysplasia. Conclusion Immunohistochemistry for c-MYC is a promising molecular biomarker in Barrett’s oesophagus. It could also enable better risk stratification in patients with samples in the LGD and indefinite for dysplasia categories. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Dish/Stirling Hybrid-Receiver Sub-Scale Tests and Full-Scale Design (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">We have designed and tested a prototype dish/Stirling hybrid-receiver combustion system. The system consists of a pre-mixed natural-gas burner heating a pin-finned sodium heat pipe. The design emphasizes simplicity, low cost, and ruggedness. Our test was on a 1/6<sup>th</sup>-scale device, with a nominal firing rate of 18kWt, a power throughput of 13kWt, and a sodium vapor temperature of 750°C. The air/fuel mixture was electrically preheated to 640°C to simulate recuperation. The test rig was instrumented for temperatures, pressures, flow rates, overall leak rate, and exhaust emissions. The data verify our burner and heat-transfer models. Performance and post-test examinations validate our choice of materials and fabrication methods.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on the 1/6<sup>th</sup> -scale results, we are designing a full-scale hybrid receiver. This is a fully-integrated system, including burner, pin-fin primary heat exchanger, recuperator (in place of the electrical pre-heater used in the prototype system), solar absorber, and sodium heat pipe. The major challenges of the design are to avoid pre-ignition, achieve robust heat-pipe performance, and attain long life of the burner matrix, recuperator, and flue-gas seals. We have used computational fluid dynamics extensively in designing to avoid pre-ignition and for designing the heat-pipe wick, and we have used individual component tests and results of the 1/6<sup>th</sup> -scale test to optimize for long life.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, we present our design philosophy and basic details of our design. We describe the sub-scale test rig and compare test results with predictions. Finally, we outline the evolution of our full-scale design, and present its current status.</div></div>
Alterations of the <i>PPP2R1B</i> Gene in Human Lung and Colon Cancer (1998)

The PPP2R1B gene, which encodes the beta isoform of the A subunit of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), was identified as a putative human tumor suppressor gene. Sequencing of the PPP2R1B gene, located on human chromosome 11q22-24, revealed somatic alterations in 15% (5 out of 33) of primary lung tumors, 6% (4 out of 70) of lung tumor-derived cell lines, and 15% (2 out of 13) of primary colon tumors. One deletion mutation generated a truncated PP2A-Abeta protein that was unable to bind to the catalytic subunit of the PP2A holoenzyme. The PP2R1B gene product may suppress tumor development through its role in cell cycle regulation and cellular growth control.
Hybrid laser platform for printing 3D multiscale multi-material hydrogel structures (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Current manufacturing techniques are limited in their ability to fabricate 3D multiscale multi-material structures. Few research groups have utilized the ability of ultrafast lasers to shape hydrogel materials into complex 3D structures. However, current laser based methods are limited by scalability, types of materials, and incompatible laser and materials processing requirements, thereby preventing its widespread use. In this work, we report the design and development of a Hybrid Laser Printing (HLP) technology, that combines the key advantages of additive stereolithography (quick on-demand continuous fabrication) and multiphoton polymerization/ablation processes (high-resolution and superior design flexibility). Using a series of proof-of-principle experiments, we show that HLP is capable of printing 3D multiscale multi-material structures using model biocompatible hydrogel materials that are highly difficult and/or extremely time consuming to fabricate using curruent technologies.
Coded Modulation for Next-Generation Optical Communications (2018)

We review coded modulation for next-generation coherent optical communications systems. Geometric constellation shaping is discussed in detail, along with strategies to maintain complexity at levels comparable to a conventional square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) architecture.
Isolation of multiple sequences from the Plasmodium falciparum genome that encode conserved domains homologous to those in erythrocyte-binding proteins. (1995)

Open reading frames in the Plasmodium falciparum genome encode domains homologous to the adhesive domains of the P. falciparum EBA-175 erythrocyte-binding protein (eba-175 gene product) and those of the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi Duffy antigen-binding proteins. These domains are referred to as Duffy binding-like (DBL), after the receptor that determines P. vivax invasion of Duffy blood group-positive human erythrocytes. Using oligonucleotide primers derived from short regions of conserved sequence, we have developed a reverse transcription-PCR method that amplifies sequences encoding the DBL domains of expressed genes. Products of these reverse transcription-PCR amplifications include sequences of single-copy genes (including eba-175) and variably transcribed genes that cross-hybridize to multiple regions of the genome. Restriction patterns of the multicopy genes show a high degree of polymorphism among different parasite lines, whereas single-copy genes are generally conserved. Characterization of the single-copy genes has identified a gene (ebl-1) that is related to eba-175 and is likely to be involved in erythrocyte invasion.
PCSK6 and Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2022)

Abstract Rationale Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by limited treatment options and high mortality. Novel therapies and prognostic biomarkers are needed. Objective To identify and validate molecular determinants of IPF survival. Methods A staged genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using paired genomic and survival data. Stage I cases were drawn from centers across the US and Europe and stage II cases from Vanderbilt University. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify gene variants associated with differential transplant-free survival (TFS). Stage I variants with nominal significance ( p <5×10 −5 ) were advanced for stage II testing and meta-analyzed to identify those reaching genome-wide significance ( p <5×10 −8 ). Downstream analyses were performed for genes and proteins associated with variants reaching genome-wide significance. Main Results After quality controls, 1481 stage I cases and 397 stage II cases were included in the analysis. After filtering, 9,075,629 variants were tested in stage I, with 158 meeting advancement criteria. Four variants associated with TFS with consistent effect direction were identified in stage II, including one in an intron of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 ( PCSK6 ) reaching genome-wide significance (HR 4.11; 95%CI 2.54-6.67; p =9.45×10 −9 ). PCSK6 protein was highly expressed in IPF lung parenchyma and negatively correlated with survival. Peripheral blood PCSK6 gene expression and plasma concentration were associated with reduced transplant-free survival. Conclusions We identified four novel variants associated with IPF survival, including one in PCSK6 that reached genome-wide significance. Downstream analyses suggested that PCSK6 protein may serve as prognostic biomarker in IPF and potential therapeutic target.
The Cathode Fall Voltage of Low Current Fluorescent Lamps (1992)

The characteristics of hot cathode fluorescent lamps in low current regions (10∼40mA) were investigated by experiments and numerical analysis. A quantitative correlation between the cathode fall voltage and the lifetime was obtained. If the cathode fall voltage is less than or equal to 14V, arc discharge can be maintained stably during the lifetime, and hence, the life reliability of lamps can be improved. In order to reduce the cathode fall voltage for a given lamp current, it is effective to increase Ar gas pressure, and to decrease the surface area of the coils. The cold spot temperature is not effective to reduce the cathode fall voltage in the range of 10 to 60°C. The relation between the lamp design parameters and the cathode fall voltage was analyzed numerically on the basis of a modified theoretical model. The calculated results support the experimental results.
Lack of correlation between phenotype and genotype for the polymorphically expressed dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in a family of Pakistani origin (1997)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine catabolism. DPD deficiency is associated with an increased risk of toxicity in cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-PU) treatment. DPD deficiency causes an inborn error of metabolism called thymine-uraciluria that is in some instances associated with convulsive disorders and developmental delay in children. We have studied the molecular mechanism accounting for DPD deficiency in a Pakistani pedigree having 2-year-old child with thymine-uraciluria and exhibiting some degree of motor impairment and developmental delay. A common splice mutation was found in the patient's dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene that produces a mutant mRNA resulting in the complete lack of DPD protein and activity in lymphocytes and primary fibroblast. This trait segregated in the family following a typical Mendelian distribution. Surprisingly, the patient's brother also had thymine-uraciluria and was homozygous for the splicing mutation but was clinically asymptomatic. Sequence tagged sites (STS) linkage analyses within 5 megabases of telomeric and centromeric DNA surrounding the DPYD gene revealed no allelic polymorphism between the two brothers. These results suggest that DPD deficiency might not be the only cause of the more severe clinical phenotypes observed in certain thymine-uraciluria patients and that an incomplete correlation between phenotype and genotype is present in the population.
High-power, continuous-wave, current-tunable, single-mode quantum-cascade distributed-feedback lasers at λ ≅ 52 and λ ≅ 795 µm (2000)

Quantum-cascade distributed-feedback lasers with high-power, continuous-wave (cw), tunable, single-mode emission are reported. The emission wavelengths are near 5.2 and 7.95 mum. The lasers are operated at liquid-nitrogen temperature and above. A maximum output power of >100 mW is obtained per facet at 80 K for both wavelengths, which is the result of careful positioning of the peak gain with respect to the Bragg wavelength. Continuous tuning with either heat-sink temperature or cw current is demonstrated. The tuning coefficients are 0.35 nm/K (5.2 mum) and 0.51 nm/K(7.95 mum) for thermal tuning and vary from 20 to 40 nm/A for tuning with current. The lasers are being used in high-resolution and high-sensitivity gas-sensing applications.
Minimally invasive image‐guided cochlear implantation surgery: First report of clinical implementation (2013)

Minimally invasive image-guided CI is clinically achievable. Further clinical study is necessary to address technological difficulties during drilling and insertion, and to assess potential benefits including decreased time of intervention, standardization of surgical intervention, and decreased tissue dissection potentially leading to shorter recovery and earlier implant activation.
Low-Resistance Electrical Contact to Carbon Nanotubes With Graphitic Interfacial Layer (2011)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates for transistors and interconnects for nanoelectronic circuits. Although CNTs intrinsically have excellent electrical conductivity, the large contact resistance at the interface between CNT and metal hinders its practical application. Here, we show that electrical contact to the CNT is substantially improved using a graphitic interfacial layer catalyzed by a Ni layer. The p-type semiconducting CNT with graphitic contact exhibits high on-state conductance at room temperature and a steep subthreshold swing in a back-gate configuration. We also show contact improvement to the semiconducting CNTs with different capping metals. To study the role of the graphitic interfacial layer in the contact stack, the capping metal and Ni catalyst were selectively removed and replaced with new metal pads deposited by evaporation and without further annealing. Good electrical contact to the semiconducting CNTs was still preserved after the new metal replacement, indicating that the contact improvement is attributed to the presence of the graphitic interfacial layer.
Expanding the Reach of Federated Learning by Reducing Client Resource\n Requirements (2018)

Communication on heterogeneous edge networks is a fundamental bottleneck in\nFederated Learning (FL), restricting both model capacity and user\nparticipation. To address this issue, we introduce two novel strategies to\nreduce communication costs: (1) the use of lossy compression on the global\nmodel sent server-to-client; and (2) Federated Dropout, which allows users to\nefficiently train locally on smaller subsets of the global model and also\nprovides a reduction in both client-to-server communication and local\ncomputation. We empirically show that these strategies, combined with existing\ncompression approaches for client-to-server communication, collectively provide\nup to a $14\\times$ reduction in server-to-client communication, a $1.7\\times$\nreduction in local computation, and a $28\\times$ reduction in upload\ncommunication, all without degrading the quality of the final model. We thus\ncomprehensively reduce FL's impact on client device resources, allowing higher\ncapacity models to be trained, and a more diverse set of users to be reached.\n
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor NVP-BGJ398 functionally improves FGFR3-related dwarfism in mouse model (2016)

Achondroplasia (ACH) is the most frequent form of dwarfism and is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3-encoding (FGFR3-encoding) gene. Although potential therapeutic strategies for ACH, which aim to reduce excessive FGFR3 activation, have emerged over many years, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) to counteract FGFR3 hyperactivity has yet to be evaluated. Here, we have reported that the pan-FGFR TKI, NVP-BGJ398, reduces FGFR3 phosphorylation and corrects the abnormal femoral growth plate and calvaria in organ cultures from embryos of the Fgfr3Y367C/+ mouse model of ACH. Moreover, we demonstrated that a low dose of NVP-BGJ398, injected subcutaneously, was able to penetrate into the growth plate of Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice and modify its organization. Improvements to the axial and appendicular skeletons were noticeable after 10 days of treatment and were more extensive after 15 days of treatment that started from postnatal day 1. Low-dose NVP-BGJ398 treatment reduced intervertebral disc defects of lumbar vertebrae, loss of synchondroses, and foramen-magnum shape anomalies. NVP-BGJ398 inhibited FGFR3 downstream signaling pathways, including MAPK, SOX9, STAT1, and PLCγ, in the growth plates of Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice and in cultured chondrocyte models of ACH. Together, our data demonstrate that NVP-BGJ398 corrects pathological hallmarks of ACH and support TKIs as a potential therapeutic approach for ACH.
Piezoelectric Properties in Textured Ceramics of SrBi<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub> (2006)

A study has been done for the piezoelectric properties in texured ceramics of SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) fabricated by the templated grain growth (TGG) method. Remanent polarization along to the stacking direction increased with the orientation degrees. That corresponds to the increases in electro-mechanical coupling coefficient with orientation degree. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (TCF) in thickness sheer vibration mode changed from negative to positive with increasing orientation degrees, and an excellent TCF of -0.4 ppm/°C was obtained for the specimen with an orientation degree of 76%.
Patterned Electrodes for Thickness Shear Mode Quartz Resonators to Achieve Uniform Mass Sensitivity Distribution (2009)

Development of an electrode-modified thickness shear mode (TSM) quartz resonator that is responsive to nanogram mass loadings, while exhibiting a mass sensitivity profile that is independent of material placement on the sensor platform, is the aim of this study. The resulting nanogram balance would greatly enhance the field of mass measurement and become useful in applications such as droplet gravimetry, the study of nonvolatile residue (NVR) contamination in solvents. A ring electrode design predicted by an analytical theory for sensitivity distribution to achieve the desired uniform mass sensitivity distribution is presented in this work. Using a microvalve capable of depositing nanogram droplets of a polymer solution, and a linear stepping stage for radial positioning of these droplets across the sensor platform, measurements of the mass sensitivity distributions were conducted and are presented. The measurements agree well with theory. Further improvements are possible and are identified to achieve better uniformity and to reduce the instability in the resonant frequency of these devices. Additionally, droplet gravimetric results for NVR in methanol droplets using the modified TSM devices are presented, which compare well with determinations made by evaporation of larger volumes of the stock solutions.