gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficiency and Capacity Evaluation of LTE-Advanced Downlink CoMP Schemes Subject to Channel Estimation Errors and System Delay (2013)

Due to the increased energy consumption of cellular access networks, energy efficiency of the systems should be considered jointly with spectral efficiency to obtain the overall performance metrics and trade-offs. Downlink coordinated multipoint (CoMP) joint transmission aided cell switch off schemes can mitigate inter-cell interference and increase energy efficiency by using the active cells to serve the users in the switched off cell. However, the performance of this newly proposed scheme is heavily dependent on the accuracy of the selected CoMP joint transmission set. In this paper, we model the multi-point channel estimation enabled via channel state information reference symbols (CSI-RS) introduced in 3GPP release 10 systems and simulate possible scenarios that would lead to inaccurate transmission set clustering: multi-point channel estimation errors and possible CoMP system delays due to CSI transfers, node processing delays and network topology limitations. In order to mitigate the effects of channel estimation errors and system delay, we propose a framework for multi- point channel estimation in CoMP systems using a time-varying interpolation filter which tracks each multipath delay tap separately for every measured point. Possible performance gains with different filter lengths are demonstrated. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. In addition, proof of concept is provided for CoMP adaptive time-varying multi-point estimation filter designs, where the UEs which are being served by higher cluster degrees need to enlarge the estimation filter memory spans only for the points which are more likely to be included in the joint transmission set.
Concurrent photoacoustic markers for direct three-dimensional ultrasound to video registration (2014)

Fusion of video and other imaging modalities is common in modern surgical procedures to provide surgeons with additional information that can provide precise surgical guidance. An example of such uses interventional guidance equipment and surgical navigation systems to register the tools and devices used in surgery with each other. In this work, we focus explicitly on registering three-dimensional ultrasound with a stereocamera system. These surgical navigation systems often use optical or electromagnetic trackers. However, both of these tracking systems have various drawbacks leading to target registration errors of approximately 3mm. Previous work has shown that photoacoustic markers can be used to register three-dimensional ultrasound with video resulting in target registration errors which are much lower than the current state of the art. This work extends this idea by generating multiple photoacoustic markers concurrently as opposed to the sequential method used in the previous work. This development greatly enhances the acquisition time by a factor equal to the number of concurrently generated photoacoustic markers. This work is demonstrated on a synthetic phantom and an ex vivo porcine kidney phantom. The resulting target registration errors for these experiments ranged from 840 to 1360 <i>μ</i>m and standard deviations from 370 to 640 <i>μ</i>m.
$1.3~\mu $ m Optical Interconnect on Silicon: A Monolithic III-Nitride Nanowire Photonic Integrated Circuit (2017)

A feasible optical interconnect on a silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chip demands epitaxial growth and monolithic integration of diode lasers and optical detectors with guided wave components on a (001) Si wafer, with all the components preferably operating in the wavelength range of 1.3-1.55 μm at room temperature. It is also desirable for the fabrication technique to be relatively simple and reproducible. Techniques demonstrated in the past for having optically and electrically pumped GaAs and InP-based lasers on silicon include wafer bonding, selective area epitaxy, epitaxy on tilted substrates, and use of quantum dot or planar buffer layers. Here, we present a novel monolithic optical interconnect on a (001) Si substrate consisting of a III-nitride dot-in-nanowire array edge emitting diode laser and guided wave photodiode, with a planar SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> dielectric waveguide in between. The active devices are realized with the same nanowire heterostructure by one-step epitaxy. The electronic properties of the InN dot-like nanostructures and mode confinement and propagation in the nanowire waveguides have been modeled. The laser, emitting at the desired wavelength of 1.3 μm, with threshold current ~350 mA for a device of dimension 50 μm × 2 mm, has been characterized in detail. The detector exhibits a responsivity ~0.1 A/W at 1.3 μm. Operation of the entire optical interconnect via the dielectric waveguide is demonstrated.
Superconducting flux flow digital circuits (1993)

A family of digital logic circuits based on superconducting flux flow transistors that show high speed, reasonable signal levels, large fan-out, and large noise margins is presented. The circuits are made from high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) and have been shown to operate at over 90 K. NOR gates have been demonstrated with fan-outs of more than 5 and fully loaded switching times less than a fixture-limited 50 ps. Ring-oscillator data suggest inverter delay times of about 40 ps when using 3- mu m linewidths. Simple flip-flops have also been demonstrated showing large noise margins, response times of less than 30 ps, and static power dissipation on the order of 30 nW. Among other uses, this logic family is appropriate as an interface between logic families such as single flux quantum and conventional semiconductor logic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast Low Power eDRAM Hierarchical Differential Sense Amplifier (2009)

In this paper, a hierarchical differential sense amplifier for fast, low power DRAM arrays in logic-based eDRAM technology that operates with large parameter variations is described. Unique features of the hierarchical sense amplifier include its short local bit lines and a local half sense amplifier p device latch that is connected by a switch to a global half sense amplifier device latch. When the local and global half latches are connected by the switch, they form a conventional cross-coupled latch. As a result of the short bit lines, the magnitude of the differential signal is large enough to overcome device variations in the various pairs of like-devices of the sense amplifier. The differential sense amplifier is quite insensitive to absolute parameter variation and mainly sensitive to mismatches between paired devices. The hierarchical differential sense amplifier has very low static power due to the use of a sense voltage of approximately Vdd/2 which causes low leakage in the local and global sense amplifiers as well as in the storage cell. Low active power also results from this Vdd/2 sensing. In addition, simulation results show low latency, fast restore, and fast cycle time with clocking and timing that are relatively simple.
Protein identification by spectral networks analysis (2007)

Advances in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) steadily increase the rate of generation of MS/MS spectra. As a result, the existing approaches that compare spectra against databases are already facing a bottleneck, particularly when interpreting spectra of modified peptides. Here we explore a concept that allows one to perform an MS/MS database search without ever comparing a spectrum against a database. We propose to take advantage of spectral pairs, which are pairs of spectra obtained from overlapping (often nontryptic) peptides or from unmodified and modified versions of the same peptide. Having a spectrum of a modified peptide paired with a spectrum of an unmodified peptide allows one to separate the prefix and suffix ladders, to greatly reduce the number of noise peaks, and to generate a small number of peptide reconstructions that are likely to contain the correct one. The MS/MS database search is thus reduced to extremely fast pattern-matching (rather than time-consuming matching of spectra against databases). In addition to speed, our approach provides a unique paradigm for identifying posttranslational modifications by means of spectral networks analysis.
Covert speech communication via cover speech by tone insertion (2004)

0-7803-7651-X/03/$17.00 © 2003 IEEE IEEEAC paper #1027, Updated November, 2002 Abstract --This paper presents the results of embedding a covert audio message in a cover audio signal for battlefield communication using steganography. Representing the covert message in a compressed or coded form, typically in the standard Global System for Mobile communication halfrate code (GSM 06.20), tones are added to the cover utterance in accordance with the coded bits. Based on the psychoacoustical masking property of the human auditory system, the added tones are set at very low power levels relative to the cover audio frames. The low power levels ensure that the tones are inaudible in the message-embedded stego signal. Besides imperceptibility in hearing, the spectrogram of the stego signal also conceals the existence of embedded information. Both of these features render the detection of embedding in the stego signal difficult to accomplish. Oblivious detection of the stego signal, instead of escrow detection, yields the embedded information accurately. By incorporating spread-spectrum techniques, the hidden message can be made further secure from unauthorized detection and modification. While the payload capacity of the proposed technique is low, the embedded information may be robust for retaining data under attack.
Resonantly photopumped Ni-like Er x-ray laser (1989)

This paper presents a laboratory x-ray laser that lases on several 4d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4p transitions ranging from 54 to 89 A\r{} in nickel-like erbium (Z=68) and that is resonantly photopumped by the 2${p}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1${s}_{1/2}$ emission line, Lyman-\ensuremath{\alpha}, in hydrogenlike aluminum. The Al-Er scheme has a tremendous advantage in that it enhances the gain of laser lines that would be expected to lase from collisional excitations and recombination processes; therefore it should be much easier to observe the photopumping process, as it will increase an already finite exponential gain. The resonant photopumping process is also shown to create gain on one additional laser line that has not previously appeared in the Ni-like spectra. Calculations of the gain of these laser transitions in steady-state equilibrium plasmas are presented.
<p>Whole-genome characterization and resistance-associated substitutions in a new HCV genotype 1 subtype</p> (2019)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly variable infectious agent, classified into 8 genotypes and 86 subtypes. Our laboratory has implemented an in-house developed high-resolution HCV subtyping method based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) for error-free classification of the virus using phylogenetic analysis and analysis of genetic distances in sequences from patient samples compared to reference sequences. During routine diagnostic, a sample from an Equatorial Guinea patient could not be classified into any of the existing subtypes. The whole genome was analyzed to confirm that the new isolate could be classified as a new HCV subtype. In addition, naturally occurring resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) were analyzed by NGS. Whole-genome analysis based on p-distances suggests that the sample belongs to a new HCV genotype 1 subtype. Several RAS in the NS3 (S122T, D168E and I170V) and NS5A protein (Q(1b)24K, R(1b)30Q and Y93L+Y93F) were found, which could limit the use of some inhibitors for treating this subtype. RAS studies of new subtypes are of great interest for tailoring treatment, as no data on treatment efficacy are reported. In our case, the patient has not yet been treated, and the RAS report will be used to design the most effective treatment.
Recent advances in the research and development of blue flowers (2018)

Flower color is the most important trait in the breeding of ornamental plants. In the floriculture industry, however, bluish colored flowers of desirable plants have proved difficult to breed. Many ornamental plants with a high production volume, such as rose and chrysanthemum, lack the key genes for producing the blue delphinidin pigment or do not have an intracellular environment suitable for developing blue color. Recently, it has become possible to incorporate a blue flower color trait through progress in molecular biological analysis of pigment biosynthesis genes and genetic engineering. For example, introduction of the <i>F3</i>'<i>5</i>'<i>H</i> gene encoding flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase can produce delphinidin in various flowers such as roses and carnations, turning the flower color purple or violet. Furthermore, the world's first blue chrysanthemum was recently produced by introducing the <i>A3</i>'<i>5</i>'<i>GT</i> gene encoding anthocyanin 3',5'-<i>O</i>-glucosyltransferase, in addition to <i>F3</i>'<i>5</i>'<i>H</i>, into the host plant. The B-ring glucosylated delphinidin-based anthocyanin that is synthesized by the two transgenes develops blue coloration by co-pigmentation with colorless flavone glycosides naturally present in the ray floret of chrysanthemum. This review focuses on the biotechnological efforts to develop blue flowers, and describes future prospects for blue flower breeding and commercialization.
Entanglement of two noninteracting qubits via a mesoscopic system (2018)

We propose a method for entangling two noninteracting qubits by measuring their parity indirectly through an intermediate mesoscopic system. The protocol is designed to require only global control and course-grained collective measurement of the mesoscopic system along with local interactions between the target qubits and mesoscopic system. A generalization of the method measures the hamming weight of the qubits' state and probabilistically produces an entangled state by post-selecting on hamming weight one. Our technique provides a design element that can be integrated into quantum processor architectures and quantum measurement devices.
Determination of Fruit and Vegetable Properties by Ultrasonic Excitation (1989)

ABSTRACT Problems involved in non-desctructive quality determination of fresh food products through sonic and ultrasonic excitation were discussed. An experimental setup for basic measurements of acoustic properties of fruits and vegetables was described. Preliminary tests were made with tissue specimens of some fruit and vegetables; the velocity of wave propagation, the attenuation rate, and the reflection properties of these products were calculated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of low frequency ultrasonic testing of agricultural products.
Rapid Detection of Phosphorylation Assay for a RI Biochip (2009)

Microarrays can be used to screen thousands of binding events in a parallel and high throughput fashion, and are of major importance in the detection of a disease and drug discovery. The use of radioisotope (RI) is conventionally regarded as one of the most sensitive detection methods. However, it takes a long time to implement a data analysis for a signal intensity. A glass chip is exposed to an X-ray film or imaging plate and then developed or analyzed by a bioimage analyzer. Radioactive labeling is mainly performed using different RI’s such as 33P and 32P into ATP for a phosphorylation. We reported here on the degree of incorporation of 33P and 32P into a substrate measured by a radio-TLC. In the examined substrate concentration range, the signalintensity was continually increased up to a high concentration of E. coli malic-kemptide fusion protein as determined by the radio-TLC. The use of this detection method facilitates a rapid data analysis with a high sensitivity.
Specification and Verification using Message Sequence Charts (2002)

Message sequence charts is a notation used in practice by protocol designers and system engineers. In this survey, some of the recent results related to this notation, in the context of specification and automatic verification of communication protocols, are presented.
High efficiency phosphorescent OLED technology (2004)

Universal Display Corporation and its University partners at Princeton and the University of Southern California, are developing high-efficiency phosphorescent OLEDs for both active and passive matrix displays. Recent results show excellent device efficiencies and lifetimes.
Syntheses of 22,23-Dihydro-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and Its 24<i>R</i>-Epimer, New Vitamin D2 Derivatives (1990)

Abstract New 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2 derivatives (22,23-dihydro-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (2a)) and its 24R-epimer (2b), were synthesized by two procedures. 22-Oxo-5α,8α-(4-phenyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazolidine-1,2-diyl)-23,24-dinor-6-cholene-1α,3β-diyl diacetate (8), obtainable readily from ergosterol, was converted to 22-phenylsulfonyl-5α,8α-(4-phenyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazolidine-1,2-diyl)-1α,3β-bis(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-23,24-dinor-6-cholene (14) or 22-iodo-5α,8α-(4-phenyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazolidine-1,2-diyl)-1α,3β-bis(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-23,24-dinor-6-cholene (16). Condensation of the C-22 sulfone (14) with (3R)-4-iodo-2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol THP ether, or the C-22 iodide (16) with (3R)-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenylsulfonyl-2-butanol THP ether followed by desulfonylation and successive deprotection gave 5,7-ergostadiene-1α,3β,25-triol (21a), which led to 2a upon irradiation and subsequent thermal isomerization. Similarly, a 24R-epimer of 2a was synthesized.
Abstract A87: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of epipodophyllotoxin polyamine conjugated derivatives vectorized for active polyamine transporter system in tumor cells, leading to the selection of F14512 for clinical trials (2009)

Abstract One of the major concerns for chemotherapy is the selective targeting of drugs into highly proliferative cancer cells. Natural polyamines (spermine, spermidine, putrescine) are essential for the regulation of cellular growth and differentiation. Due to their highly proliferative nature, cancer cells have a pronounced need to import polyamines from their external environment, through the polyamine transporter system (PTS). On the basis of this biological mechanism, we vectorized the new cytotoxic anticancer compound F14512, a epipodophyllotoxin — spermine conjugate, into tumor cells.1 Here we present the synthesis and the structure-activity relationships of a new series of compounds constituted by an podophyllotoxin core tethered with a polyamine moiety with a variable spacer. Two synthetic strategies with protected polyamines, and a direct 3 steps synthesis of F14512 from natural podophyllotoxin and spermine without any protection are presented.2 This series of topoisomerase II inhibitors were checked for their cytotoxicity on A549 lung cancer cell line, displaying marked potency up to nM range. Cancer cell internalization through PTS was assessed by selective cytotoxicity on different PTS expressing cell lines, and by competition experiments. Our results displayed a potent specificity for the conjugated tetramine (spermine) compounds, which were more recognized than the triamine (spermidine) ones, while mono and diamines showed no selectivity. Lead compounds were also tested in vivo and proved potent antitumor activity. This series of new water-soluble cytotoxic compounds culminates with the selection of F14512 for clinical trials. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A87.
Analytical rate optimization for multicast (2008)

We consider the problem of multicast rate optimization for a given number of multicast groups. The efficient solution of this problem is particularly relevant for video multicast. Motivated by practical considerations, such as the need for adaptivity to changing network conditions, we develop an analytical solution that minimizes the expected distortion of a receiver. Unlike previous work, we recognize variability in existing networks and model the receiver reception ca-pacities by a continuous stochastic variable. Our analytical solution is optimal under the assumption of a large number of multicast groups. We investigate the distortion overhead when this assumption is not satisfied and find that it is low. We compare our results to the state of the art, iterative op-timization for a realization of receiver reception capacities, and find that our analytical solution performs better for any number of multicast groups. 1.
<title>Point-and-click objective specification for a remote semiautonomous robot system</title> (1996)

The paper is directed toward describing a practical new means by which a remote user can, with a single image of the object surface of interest, specify objectives of a task which may be described in terms of positioning particular tool junctures relative to user-specified surface points. Also included in the paper is a robust means by which an uncalibrated, remote system -- consisting of a manipulator, two or more cameras, and a pan/tilt-mounted laser pointer -- may be used to carry out the maneuver with very high precision and reliability. This means is based upon the method of 'camera-space manipulation,' wherewith use is made of a conveniently located but uncalibrated laser pointer. The laser pointer is placed upon an uncalibrated, autonomously actuated, pan/tilt unit, and is used to create the compatible maneuver objectives in participating remote cameras, as required by camera-space manipulation. The paper discusses the range of tasks which should be achievable with the paradigm under discussion, as well as some comparisons between this paradigm and alternatives such as teleoperation and virtual-reality-based approaches. Finally, results from several experimental implementations of the method are presented.