gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An acyclic expansion algorithm for fast protocol validation (1988)

For the development of communications software composed of many modules, protocol validation is considered essential to detect errors in the interactions among the modules. Protocol validation techniques previously proposed have required validation time that is too long for many actual protocols. The authors propose a novel fast protocol validation technique to overcome this drawback. The proposed technique is to construct the minimum acyclic form of state transitions in individual processes of the protocol, and to detect protocol errors such as system deadlocks and channel overflows fast. The authors also present a protocol validation system based on the technique to confirm its feasibility and show validation results for some actual protocols. As a result, the protocol validation system is expected to improve productivity in the development and maintenance of communications software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automation Method for Testing XML/DB/XML Layers (2008)

eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a very convenient format for exchanging data in anapplication-neutral way. Most of the middleware products usually produce or consume data in XML format at some interfaces. This data either comes fromor needs to be persisted into a relational database. Thus, two end points can be discerned clearly - one is XML input and/or output, and another is the relational database. Same data is converted from one format to another between these two end points. It is usually imperative to assure the accuracy of data at these two end points. Though this accuracy can be verified manually for development purposes, for efficient quality assurance of the product, the manual verification needs to be replaced with automated verification. In this paper, we present an automation technique to verify the accuracy of data at these two end points.
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing with Imaging Detection (1993)

Abstract A simple on-line absorbance imaging detection system was constructed for detection of capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). Because of the use of the CIEF-imaging detection system, separation and detection of protein sample could be completed in 2 minutes. The use of the imaging detection system also allowed for studying the focusing process. When a 4 cm long, 200-pm i. d. square capillary was used as the separation column, the concentration detection limit of the detectoir reached 5 pg/mL. This is the first report of applying absorbance imaging1 detection system to capillary electrophoretic techniques. The absorbance imaging detection system was compared with the refractive index glradient imaging detection system. For the capillary with large i. d., the absorbance imaging system showed higher sensitivity than the refractive index gradient imaging detector. However, the refractive index gradient imaging system was more suitable for narrow capillaries because it applied a laser as the light source which could be easily focused into narrow capillaries. The sensitivity of the refractive index gradient imaging detector was expected to be higher for narrower capillaries than the absorbance imaging detector.
Fiberglass-reinforced bolted wood connections (1998)

This research investigated using fiberglass reinforcement to enhance the load-carrying capacity of bolted wood connections. Specimens were prepared from standard 51-by 102-mm (nominal 2- by 4-in.) lumber from the spruce-pine-fir lumber grouping. Matched specimens were reinforced with one, two, or three layers of bi-directional fiberglass cloth. Resulting test specimens were configured as a connection that was in accordance with current design specifications. A total of 80 single-bolt, double-shear connections were tested : 40 with parallel-to-grain and 40 with perpendicular-to-grain loading. Results indicate that connection strength increases as the number of layers of fiberglass reinforcement increases. The ultimate strength of a three-layer reinforced connection was 33 percent greater than the nonreinforced connection for parallel-to-grain loading, and more than twice the strength for perpendicular-to-grain loading. More importantly, the reinforcement changed the mode offailure from an abrupt, catastrophic failure associated with tension perpendicular-to-grain stresses to a ductile failure associated with bearing-type failures.
Gatemon Benchmarking and Two-Qubit Operations (2016)

Recent experiments have demonstrated superconducting transmon qubits with semiconductor nanowire Josephson junctions. These hybrid gatemon qubits utilize field effect tunability characteristic of semiconductors to allow complete qubit control using gate voltages, potentially a technological advantage over conventional flux-controlled transmons. Here, we present experiments with a two-qubit gatemon circuit. We characterize qubit coherence and stability and use randomized benchmarking to demonstrate single-qubit gate errors below 0.7% for all gates, including voltage-controlled Z rotations. We show coherent capacitive coupling between two gatemons and coherent swap operations. Finally, we perform a two-qubit controlled-phase gate with an estimated fidelity of 91%, demonstrating the potential of gatemon qubits for building scalable quantum processors.
Advances in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Technology (2015)

This chapter provides overview of the state of the art of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) devices, including pulse sources with flexible control of the output waveform parameters and a wide variety of coil designs. It discusses technologies for accurate TMS targeting, including electric field models, frameless stereotaxy, and robotic coil holders. The chapter addresses technological aspects of ancillary coil effects such as heating, noise, vibration, and scalp stimulation. TMS requires high energy pulses that present a technical challenge for the design of practical, flexible, and efficient pulse sources. The chapter covers technical considerations for the integration of TMS and neuroimaging devices. It discusses various coil configurations and their electric field characteristics as well as technical advances in coil field modelling, positioning systems, efficiency and cooling, noise and scalp stimulation, and sham. The chapter summarizes technical considerations for the integration of TMS and neuroimaging devices.
Adventitious agent contamination risk mitigation: engineering MMV virus resistance into CHO cells (2015)

Background The introduction of animal origin free (AOF) media has significantly reduced the incidence of adventitious virus contamination in biological production systems. Nevertheless, contamination by the parvovirus Mouse Minute Virus (MMV) remains a continuing challenge. Although infrequent, infection of a fermenter can be catastrophic for a manufacturer, and can also have a potential impact on drug supply, patient safety and have regulatory implications. In this work, we evaluated engineering Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines to create a new host cell line that
ChemInform Abstract: Novel C<sub>2</sub>‐Symmetric Planar Chiral Diphosphine Ligands and Their Application in Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly divergent molecular variants of human T-lymphotropic virus type I from isolated populations in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. (1991)

To determine the molecular genetic relationship between Melanesian strains of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and cosmopolitan prototype HTLV-I, we amplified by PCR, then cloned, and sequenced a 522-base-pair region of the HTLV-I env gene in DNA extracted from uncultured (fresh) and cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from six seropositive Melanesian Papua New Guineans and Solomon Islanders, including a Solomon Islander with HTLV-I myeloneuropathy. Unlike isolates of HTLV-I from Japan, the West Indies, the Americas, and Africa, which share greater than or equal to 97% sequence homology, the Melanesian strains of HTLV-I were only 91.8%-92.5% identical with a prototype Japanese HTLV-IATK-1. The nucleotide sequence of proviral DNA from the Solomon Islander with HTLV-I myeloneuropathy also diverged markedly from that of HTLV-I isolated from Japanese patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy and from Jamaican patients with tropical spastic paraparesis, suggesting that these variant viruses are capable of causing disease. The HTLV-I variants from Papua New Guineans, in turn, differed by nearly 4% from the Melanesian variants from Solomon Islanders, indicating the existence of another HTLV-I quasi-species. By contrast, HTLV-I strains from two residents of Bellona Island, a Polynesian Outlier within the Solomon Islands, were closely related to cosmopolitan prototype HTLV-I (greater than or equal to 97% sequence identity), suggesting recent introduction, possibly during this century. These findings are consistent with a proto-Melanesian HTLV-I strain of archaic presence, which evolved independently of contemporary cosmopolitan strains, and pose new questions about the origin and global dissemination of HTLV-I.
Quantum dot photonic devices and applications (2004)

The performance and applications of Quantum Dot optoelectronic devices will be presented, including infrared photodetectors for space imaging, diagnostics and sensing, and semiconductor lasers for communications, clock distribution, optical time division multiplexing, marking and printing.
622 Characteristics of Mg Based Composite Material via Solid-State Synthesis (2001)

Characteristics of Mg Based Composite Material via Solid-State Synthesis have been evaluated. Dispersions, Mg_2Si particles, were in-situ synthesized by heating the green compact from the pre-mixed Mg-Si powder at 853K in N_2 gas atmosphere. After heating the compact including Mg_2Si particles, it was consolidated by direct powder forging process. The powder forged Mg composite shows good bonding at the interface between Mg_2Si and the matrix. Mechanical-properties, such as hardness and tensile strength, increase with increase in the Mg_2Si content due to the dispersion strengthening effect.
SPARTAN: a spectral and entropy-based partial-scan and test point insertion algorithm (2007)

We propose a new partial-scan algorithm and two new test point insertion (TPI) algorithms, TPI1 and TPI2, to improve the testability, reduce the test volume, and reduce the test application time of the circuit-under-test (CUT). The partial-scan algorithm and the test point insertion algorithms use toggling rates of the flip-flops and the candidate test point lines, analyzed using digital signal processing (DSP) methods, and Shannon entropy measures of flip-flops and candidate test point lines to select scan flip-flops and test points. We also discovered a new and the most potent combination of design-for-testability (DFT) and sequential automatic test-pattern generation (ATPG) algorithms.Testing of complex circuits is time consuming and extremely difficult. Most circuit designs employ full-scan to alleviate the testability problems. Full-scan has two advantages. It uses a combinational ATPG for test generation and full-scan can be used to scan out the states of the CUT for post-silicon debug. But, full-scan requires long scan-in and scan-out sequences, thus resulting in longer testing times, leading to increased test power and test cost. Anotherdisadvantage of using full-scan is increased delay on the critical paths of the CUT usually by 5 to 10%. The flip-flops on the critical path will have extra hardware.Partial-scan with test points can help reduce test volume and test application time and achieve very high fault coverages (FCs). This reduces the test time and lowers the test power because the partial-scan chain requires shorter scan-in and scan-out sequences. Also, by avoiding scanning of flip-flops and addition of test points on critical paths, the CUT can operate without any extra delay.The average test volume of SPARTAN partial-scan with TPI1 (excluding s38417) is 17.23% shorter than full-scan with TRAN and the average test volume of SPARTAN partial-scan with TPI2 (excluding s38417) is 7.55% shorter than full-scan with TRAN. SPARTAN's average test application time (excluding s38417) with partial-scan only is 44.30% longer than full-scan with TRAN. The average test application time of SPARTAN partial-scan with TPI1 (excludings38417) is 18.05% shorter than full-scan with TRAN and the average test application time of SPARTAN partial-scan with TPI2 (excluding s38417) is 8.71% shorter than full-scan with TRAN.
Modal analysis of separate-confinement heterojunction lasers with inhomogeneous cladding layers (1983)

Separate-confinement heterostructure lasers with thin active regions are analyzed. For four different interiorcladding-region refractive-index spatial variations, i.e., step, triangular, parabolic, and inverted parabolic, waveguidemodes are calculated and thresholds are compared. Based on optical considerations alone, the step-indexprofile has the lowest threshold; however, for optimum cladding thicknesses the differences are not great.
EP31.03: Ultrasound‐based strain mapping for quantitative characterisation of uterine activity outside pregnancy (2017)

Successful in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is achieved in 30% of the procedures only. Implantation failure can possibly be caused by dysfunction of the uterine peristalsis (UP). The IVF success rate can therefore be improved by novel methods enabling objective and non-invasive characterisation of UP. In this pilot study, strain mapping based on speckle tracking is applied on two-dimensional (2D) transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) video loops to quantify UP outside pregnancy. Three healthy women, with a natural regular cycle, underwent 4-minute TVUS during active (before ovulation) and inactive (implantation) luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Regions Of Interest (ROIs) were chosen to include the junctional zone close to the fundus. Strain mapping was applied to calculate and visualise strain variations in the ROIs. We considered contraction as negative strain and relaxation as positive strain. The obtained strain maps were rendered with suitable colour maps; red colour for relaxation and blue colour for contraction. In each recording, 2D strain maps were generated along both X and Y directions. Figure 1 shows an example of strain map in X direction for both active and inactive phases. We can clearly visualise the variations in strain around the junctional zone, revealing the propagation of the peristatic movement. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Altertoxin II, a Highly Effective and Specific Compound against Ewing Sarcoma (2021)

A screening program designed to identify natural products with selective cytotoxic effects against cell lines representing different types of pediatric solid tumors led to the identification of altertoxin II as a highly potent and selective cytotoxin against Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Altertoxin II, but not the related compounds altertoxin I and alteichin, was highly effective against every Ewing sarcoma cell line tested, with an average 25-fold selectivity for these cells as compared to cells representing other pediatric and adult cancers. Mechanism of action studies revealed that altertoxin II causes DNA double-strand breaks, a rapid DNA damage response, and cell cycle accumulation in the S phase. Our studies also demonstrate that the potent effects of altertoxin II are partially dependent on the progression through the cell cycle, because the G1 arrest initiated by a CDK4/6 inhibitor decreased antiproliferative potency more than 10 times. Importantly, the cell-type-selective DNA-damaging effects of altertoxin II in Ewing sarcoma cells occur independently of its ability to bind directly to DNA. Ultimately, we found that altertoxin II has a dose-dependent in vivo antitumor efficacy against a Ewing sarcoma xenograft, suggesting that it has potential as a therapeutic drug lead and will be useful to identify novel targets for Ewing-sarcoma-specific therapies.
Cut-and-paste editing of multiresolution surfaces (2002)

Cutting and pasting to combine different elements into a common structure are widely used operations that have been successfully adapted to many media types. Surface design could also benefit from the availability of a general, robust, and efficient cut-and-paste tool, especially during the initial stages of design when a large space of alternatives needs to be explored. Techniques to support cut-and-paste operations for surfaces have been proposed in the past, but have been of limited usefulness due to constraints on the type of shapes supported and the lack of real-time interaction. In this paper, we describe a set of algorithms based on multiresolution subdivision surfaces that perform at interactive rates and enable intuitive cut-and-paste operations.
Versatile robust capon beamforming: theory and applications (2005)

The standard Capon beamformer (SCB) has better resolution and much better interference rejection capability than the data-independent beamformer provided that the array steering vector corresponding to the signal-of-interest (SOI) is accurately known. However, whenever the knowledge of the SOI steering vector is imprecise (as is often the case in practice), the performance of the Capon beamformer may become worse than that of the data-independent beamformer. Most of the early suggested robust adaptive methods are rather ad hoc in that the choice of their parameters are not directly related to the uncertainly of the steering vector. In this paper we provide a review of the recently proposed robust Capon beam-former (RCB) and doubly constrained robust Capon beamformer (DCRCB), which directly address the uncertainty of the steering vector and naturally extend the covariance fitting formulation of SCB to the case of uncertain steering vectors by enforcing a double constraint on the steering vector, viz. a constant norm constraint and an uncertainty set constraint. We also present several extensions and applications of RCB including constant-powerwidth RCB (CPRCB) and constant-beamwidth RCB (CBRCB) for acoustic imaging, rank-deficient robust Capon filter-bank (RCF) approach for spectral estimation, and rank-deficient RCB for landmine detection using forward-looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR) imaging systems. The excellent performances of RCB, DCRCB, and the various extensions of RCB are demonstrated by simulated and experimental examples.
Reflectometer design using nonimaging optics (1987)

A new type of two-stage reflectometer is proposed for the measurement of directional hemispherical reflectance. The proposed reflectometer consists of a primary collecting mirror coupled to a secondary mirror chosen to eliminate the Fresnel variation of the detector (or source) response. The secondary mirror shape needed is an inverted nonimaging compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). For direct mode operation, the detector is placed at the larger CPC aperture. Ray tracing of a CPC/ellipsoid reflectometer indicates that the throughput is high and isotropic. Design trade-offs and two-stage reflectometers employing a hemisphere and dual paraboloid primary are also discussed.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Diverse Classes of Arginine Methylproteins in Mitochondria of Trypanosomes (2012)

Arginine (arg) methylation is a widespread posttranslational modification of proteins that impacts numerous cellular processes such as chromatin remodeling, RNA processing, DNA repair, and cell signaling. Known arg methylproteins arise mostly from yeast and mammals, and are almost exclusively nuclear and cytoplasmic. Trypanosoma brucei is an early branching eukaryote whose genome encodes five putative protein arg methyltransferases, and thus likely contains a plethora of arg methylproteins. Additionally, trypanosomes and related organisms possess a unique mitochondrion that undergoes dramatic developmental regulation and uses novel RNA editing and mitochondrial DNA replication mechanisms. Here, we performed a global mass spectrometric analysis of the T. brucei mitochondrion to identify new arg methylproteins in this medically relevant parasite. Enabling factors of this work are use of a combination digestion with two orthogonal enzymes, an efficient offline two dimensional chromatography separation, and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis with two complementary activations. This approach led to the comprehensive, sensitive and confident identification and localization of methylarg at a proteome level. We identified 167 arg methylproteins with wide-ranging functions including metabolism, transport, chaperoning, RNA processing, translation, and DNA replication. Our data suggest that arg methylproteins in trypanosome mitochondria possess both trypanosome-specific and evolutionarily conserved modifications, depending on the protein targeted. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial arg methylation in any organism, and represents a significant advance in our knowledge of the range of arg methylproteins and their sites of modification. Moreover, these studies establish T. brucei as a model organism for the study of posttranslational modifications.
Evolving landscape and novel treatments in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (2013)

Treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have advanced in recent years and significantly improved the outlook for patients with this aggressive and lethal disease. Further understanding of the biology of CRPC has led to several new targeted therapies and continues to emphasize the importance of androgen receptor (AR) directed therapy. The treatment landscape is rapidly changing and further biologically rationale, biomarker-based ongoing clinical trials are needed. We review the recent results of major clinical trials in CRPC. New and investigational agents now in clinical evaluation are reviewed including inhibitors of angiogenesis, microtubules, chaperones, AR and intracellular kinases, as well as immunotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals and bone-targeted agents. The recent improvement in prognosis for CRPC brings continued optimism for further improvements. Thoughtful planning of clinical trials and further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to therapies will allow for continued progress in patient care.