gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and differentiation-induced expression of a murine serotonin1A receptor in a septal cell line (1993)

A neuronal cell model endogenously expressing the 5-HT1A receptor, in which to study the function and regulation of this gene, has yet to be identified. We examined murine SN-48 cells, a septum x neuroblastoma fusion cell line that proliferates in a nondifferentiated state but can be induced to differentiate into neurofilament-positive cells following 24-96 hr treatment with 10 microM retinoic acid in low serum. Northern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of a single 10.9 kilobase (kb) 5-HT1A receptor RNA species in differentiated SN-48 cells, which was not detected in undifferentiated SN-48 cells. The presence of receptor RNA in differentiated SN-48 cells correlated with the appearance of functional responses (i.e., pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibition of cAMP accumulation) to 5-HT1A agonists in differentiated but not in undifferentiated cells. In order to verify that the large 10.9 kb RNA species in SN-48 cells truly corresponded to the mouse 5-HT1A receptor RNA, a cDNA fragment from differentiated SN-48 cells was used to clone the corresponding mouse brain cDNA. The 2.4 kb cDNA contained a single open reading frame that displayed high (> 85% predicted amino acid identity) homology to the human and rat 5-HT1A receptor genes. When transfected into receptor-negative Ltk- cells, this cDNA was found to direct expression of a murine 5-HT1A receptor. Thus, we conclude that upon differentiation SN-48 cells express RNA encoding functional 5-HT1A receptors. The SN-48 septal cells will provide a useful cellular model system for investigating aspects of neuronal differentiation leading to the development of sensitivity to serotonergic input.
An Integrative View of the Role of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondria and Insulin in Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

The processes underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease involve several factors including impaired glucose/energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and altered insulin-signaling pathways. This review is mainly devoted to discuss evidence supporting the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are interconnected and intimately associated with the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the review explores the role of insulin signaling in the pathophysiology of the disease. Indeed, several studies have begun to find links between insulin and mechanisms with clear pathogenic implications for this disorder. Understanding the key mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease may provide opportunities for the design of efficacious preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Peptides conjugated to silver nanoparticles in biomedicine – a “value-added” phenomenon (2016)

Nanotechnology is gaining impetus in the present century and particularly the use of nanoparticles (NPs), whose properties are significantly different from the larger matter. These have found wider and potential applications in the fields of medicine, energy, cosmetics, environment and biomedicine. Among the NPs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of particular interest for scientists and technologists due to their unique physico-chemical and biological properties. Besides, AgNPs by themselves also possess broad-spectrum microbial activity, which has further expanded their application in both academia and industries. On the other hand, research and drug discovery in the field of peptides is surging. Chemistry and biology of peptides have seen a renaissance in this century as many of the peptide-based therapeutics have entered the market and many more are in the different phases of clinical trials. To fuel this, peptides have also found numerous applications in nanotechnology. Taking advantage of these two scenarios, namely, AgNPs and peptides, conjugation of these entities have emerged as a powerful technique and have opened the doors for a new revolution. Keeping this motivation in mind, we here present a mini-review on the combined concept of AgNPs and peptides.
(Invited) Integration of III/V Hetero-Structures By Selective Area Growth on Si for Nano- and Optoelectronics (2016)

Selective area growth by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy of III/V nano ridges on patterned (001) Si substrates was investigated applying different growth conditions. The deposition of mismatched III/V materials in narrow oxide trenches leads to an efficient defect trapping at the trench side walls whereas the growth out of the trenches allows for a clear ridge formation with increased III/V volume. The ridge evolution depends strongly on the chosen growth parameters as well as mask pattern. InGaAs/GaAs and InGaP/GaAs hetero-structures were integrated on box shaped GaAs nano ridges in order to realize first laser device structures for optoelectronics on 300 mm Si substrate.
Factors Affecting Alkaline Sodium Silicate Gelation for In-Depth Reservoir Profile Modification (2014)

Alkaline sodium silicate (Na-silicate) is environment-friendly and possesses water-like viscosity during the injection stage for in-depth reservoir treatment to enhance sweep efficiency. Gel setting time (tg) and gel strength are interrelated. Factors that accelerate tg are Na-silicate content (wt%), low pH, presence of divalent ions and temperature. Pressure drop across the gel accelerates syneresis; however, the gel appeared to remain intact. Presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions is shown to increase gel strength. With a Na-silicate content of 4.5 wt%, for example, at a pH of 10.3 and a temperature of 20 °C, gel strength almost tripled and was reached about eight times faster at the combined tested concentration of 0.009 M, based on the average effect from the coexistence of both ions. Low-salinity water (LSW) has an ion composition of 25-fold diluted seawater, did not show precipitation, and could accordingly be a candidate for a pre-flush before the injection of a Na-silicate solution in the event of a field application. This is important since LSW for enhancing oil recovery is a popular method in oil industry. A suggested predictive tool (simple graphical method) to estimate the effect of different factors on gelation time and gel strength is presented.
The long-term implications of mega-event projects for urban public spaces (2020)

An emerging theme within the mega-events literature is the ways they affect the provision, regulation and design of urban public spaces. Parks, streets and squares host competition venues, and are also used for supplementary occasions and facilities associated with hosting mega-events. Using examples from the London 2012 Olympic Games and Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games, this paper examines the long-term significance of mega-events for urban public spaces. The paper contends that these events can be used as ‘Trojan Horses’, allowing new systems to be introduced under the cover of an event. It also emphasizes how temporary mega-events transform public spaces into venues for subsequent commercial events. Finally, the paper acknowledges more positive legacies, showing how mega-events can change how public space is imagined by users and by those responsible for managing it. Both cases highlight how events influence the ways spaces are used, designed and managed.
Binary component adaptation technique and supporting tool (2005)

This research developed the technique necessary for the adaptation of components and a tool which supports this. The adaptation of components becomes necessary during the process of reusing or assembling components, and this is because the interface of the component is, in many cases, different than the component the developer wishes to assemble. Occasionally, additional attributes may need to be defined in accordance to new requirements. Consequently, the process for component adaptation is crucial for the reuse and assembly of components. In order to support the adaptation of components, this research proposes an adaptation technique dependent upon binary component adaptation techniques and adaptation components. In addition, a support tool was developed to support an effective adaptation process.
Neurobiology of fear responses: the role of the amygdala (1997)

Evidence from many different laboratories using a variety of experimental techniques and animal species indicates that the amygdala plays a crucial role in conditioned fear and anxiety, as well as attention. Many amygdaloid projection areas are critically involved in specific signs used to measure fear and anxiety. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala elicits a pattern of behaviors that mimic natural or conditioned fear. Lesions of the amygdala block innate or conditioned fear, as well as various measures of attention, and local infusions of drugs into the amygdala have anxiolytic effects in several behavioral tests. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the amygdala may be important in the acquisition of conditioned fear, whereas non-NMDA receptors are important for the expression of conditioned fear. The peptide corticotropin-releasing hormone appears to be especially important in fear or anxiety and may act within the amygdala to orchestrate parts of the fear reaction.
Characterization of the Wetting and Dewetting Behavior of Powders (2007)

Experimental procedures for characterizing the wetting behavior of powders are reviewed. The fundamental processes involved in wetting–passage from one state of two-phase equilibrium (solid/gas and liquid/gas) through a three-phase condition (solid/liquid/gas) to a second two-phase condition (solid/liquid and liquid/gas)–are evaluated. A brief discussion of the use of chemical agents such as surfactants to control wetting/dewetting behavior is also included. Characterization procedures, ranging from direct measurement of three-phase contact angles to indirect measures based on observation of the behavior of particles at liquid/gas interfaces are described. For large pieces of solid, contact angles can be determined by direct observation of liquid drops or gas bubbles in contact with polished surfaces. The problems associated with applications of this approach to packed beds of powder are discussed. A procedure for estimating apparent contact angles from the relative partitioning of small particles across an interface is presented. Estimation procedures based on static and dynamic measurements of liquid penetration into powder beds are evaluated. While indirect methods do not generally provide values of well-defined quantities such as contact angles, when appropriately selected they can yield quantitative information directly relevant to practical applications. Various indirect methods including film flotation, the Hallimond tube, bubble pick-up, induction time, immersion/sink time, imbibition time and wetting rate are described. Investigation of wetting phenomena at the molecular scale using techniques such as atomic force microscopy is discussed.
Trajectories of change in depression severity during treatment with antidepressants (2009)

Latent trajectory mixture models capture heterogeneity in the development of clinical response after the initiation of antidepressants and provide an outcome that is distinct from traditional endpoint measures. It differentiates between antidepressants with different modes of action and is robust against bias due to differential discontinuation.
Architecture for a hardware implementation of the OSPF protocol (2005)

The shortest path problem is common in many different fields (transportation systems, mechanical systems, etc.). Most of the telecommunication industry protocols such as PNNI, OSPF and IS-IS use Dijkstra's algorithm or Bellman-Ford's algorithm to solve the shortest path problem. Today, the majority of the shortest path computations are performed in software, which is inefficient for real-time (voice and multimedia over IP) applications that are sensitive to delay. This research proposes a hardware architecture for the OSPF protocol. It also provides a hardware based shortest path processor architecture which is used by the OSPF system.
Structural Health Monitoring Sensor Placement Optimization Under Uncertainty (2010)

This paper develops a methodology for the optimum layout design of sensor arrays of structural health monitoring systems under uncertainty. This includes finite element analysis under transient mechanical and thermal loads and incorporation of uncertainty quantification methods. The finite element model is validated with experimental data, accounting for uncertainties in experimental measurements and model predictions. The structural health monitoring sensors need to be placed optimally in order to detect with high reliability any structural damage before it turns critical. The proposed methodology achieves this objective by combining probabilistic finite element analysis, structural damage detection algorithms, and reliability-based optimization concepts.
Effect of Legumes as Part of a Low Glycemic Index Diet on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2012)

Incorporation of legumes as part of a low-GI diet improved both glycemic control and reduced calculated CHD risk score in type 2 DM.
Entrained Breathing and Oxygen Consumption During Treadmill Walking (1994)

Entrainment of the breathing rhythm to that of the rhythm of limb movement during exercise has been shown to decrease oxygen consumption for cycling at a moderate workload. This study examined the effect of entrainment on oxygen consumption during treadmill walking at two workloads. For each workload, 8 subjects performed two exercise protocols consisting of walking on a treadmill for 8 min. For the first protocol they received no instructions, but for the second protocol they were instructed to coordinate one breath per auditory cue which was provided during the last 4 min of exercise. The auditory cue was transmitted as a click via headphones. It was derived from a foot switch and was designed to synchronize breathing to the walking pace at a respiratory frequency close to that observed in the first protocol. Entrainment and oxygen consumption were compared between the protocols for the last 4-min segments for each workload. These comparisons showed that the presence of the auditory cue significantly increased entrainment from 29 to 74%, but oxygen consumption was not significantly changed.
Change in heat capacity accurately predicts vibrational coupling in enzyme catalyzed reactions (2015)

The temperature dependence of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) have been used to infer the vibrational coupling of the protein and or substrate to the reaction coordinate, particularly in enzyme-catalyzed hydrogen transfer reactions. We find that a new model for the temperature dependence of experimentally determined observed rate constants (macromolecular rate theory, MMRT) is able to accurately predict the occurrence of vibrational coupling, even where the temperature dependence of the KIE fails. This model, that incorporates the change in heat capacity for enzyme catalysis, demonstrates remarkable consistency with both experiment and theory and in many respects is more robust than models used at present.
Entrance Pupil Size Predicts Retinal Illumination in Darkly Pigmented Eyes, But Not Lightly Pigmented Eyes (2013)

In darkly pigmented eyes, entrance pupil size significantly influenced the retinal illumination. However, retinal illumination of lightly pigmented eyes is relatively independent of entrance pupil size, presumably due to extrapupillary transmission of light through the iris and sclera. This has important implications in understanding the potential influence of anisocoria on the RAPD and also greater susceptibility of lightly pigmented eyes to light toxicity.
The Mechanism Responsible for Extraordinary Cs Ion Selectivity in Crystalline Silicotitanate (2008)

Combining information from time-resolved X-ray and neutron scattering with theoretical calculations has revealed the elegant mechanism whereby hydrogen crystalline silicotitanate (H-CST; H2Ti2SiO7 x 1.5 H2O) achieves its remarkable ion-exchange selectivity for cesium. Rather than a simple ion-for-ion displacement reaction into favorable sites, which has been suggested by static structural studies of ion-exchanged variants of CST, Cs(+) exchange proceeds via a two-step process mediated by conformational changes in the framework. Similar to the case of ion channels in proteins, occupancy of the most favorable site does not occur until the first lever, cooperative repulsive interactions between water and the initial Cs-exchange site, repels a hydrogen lever on the silicotitanate framework. Here we show that these interactions induce a subtle conformational rearrangement in CST that unlocks the preferred Cs site and increases the overall capacity and selectivity for ion exchange.
The Influence of Synthetic Voice on the Evaluation of a Virtual Character (2017)

Graphical realism and the naturalness of the voice used are important aspects to consider when designing a virtual agent or character.In this work, we evaluate how synthetic speech impacts people's perceptions of a rendered virtual character.Using a controlled experiment, we focus on the role that speech, in particular voice expressiveness in the form of personality, has on the assessment of voice level and character level perceptions.We found that people rated a real human voice as more expressive, understandable and likeable than the expressive synthetic voice we developed.Contrary to our expectations, we found that the voices did not have a significant impact on the character level judgments; people in the voice conditions did not significantly vary on their ratings of appeal, credibility, humanlikeness and voice matching the character.The implications this has for character design and how this compares with previous work are discussed.
The agonist activities of the putative antipsychotic agents, L‐745,870 and U‐101958 in HEK293 cells expressing the human dopamine D<sub>4.4</sub> receptor (1998)

1. Dopamine D4 receptor antagonists are being developed by several pharmaceutical companies as putative novel antipsychotics, possibly with low propensity to side-effects. Two such compounds, L-745,870 and U-101958 have been recently introduced. 2. The radioligand binding and functional activities of L-745,870 and U-101958 were investigated in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells expressing the human recombinant dopamine D4.4 receptor (HEK293/D4 cells). [3H]-spiperone binding experiments were performed and inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation was used as the functional response. 3. [3H]-spiperone was found to label a homogeneous and saturable population of specific binding sites in HEK293/D4 cell homogenates (Bmax 505+/-90 fmol mg(-1) protein, pK(D) 9.5+/-0.1, n=3). Inhibition of specific [3H]-spiperone binding was observed with spiperone (pKi 9.6+/-0.1, n=3), clozapine (pKi 7.4+/-0.1, n=4), L-745,870 (pKi 8.5+/-0.1, n=3) and U-101958 (pKi 8.9+/-0.1, n=3). By contrast, raclopride was very weak (pKi < 5, n=3). 4. Dopamine inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HEK293/D4 cells in a concentration-dependent fashion (Emax 71+/-2% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated levels, pEC50 8.7+/-0.1, n=10). This effect was mimicked by the dopamine D2-like receptor agonists, quinpirole and 7-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT). 5. L-745,870 and U-101958 also inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HEK293/D4 cells in a concentration-dependent way. L-745,870 was less efficacious than dopamine (71% the efficacy of dopamine), whereas U-101958 behaved as a full agonist compared to dopamine. Potencies (pEC50) values of L-745,870 and U-101958 were 9.0+/-0.2 (n=4) and 8.7+/-0.3 (n=3), consistent with pKi values determined in radioligand binding studies. 6. Dopamine, L-745,870 and U-101958 (up to 1 microM) were devoid of effect on forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in control, non-transfected HEK293 cells. 7. The agonist effects of dopamine, L-745,870 and U-101958 in HEK293/D4 cells could be antagonized by spiperone (pK(B) 8.2-8.8) and clozapine (pK(B) 7.1), but not by raclopride (pK(B) < 5). None of these antagonists had any significant agonist activity at concentrations up to 10 microM. 8. These results show that the putative dopamine D4 receptor antagonists, L-745,870 and U-101958 are not devoid of intrinsic activity at human recombinant dopamine D4.4 receptors. Therefore, they may not represent the most appropriate drugs for testing the benefit of D4 receptor antagonism in schizophrenic patients, if agonism should translate in vivo.
Plasma B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Recurrent Arrhythmia After Successful Ablation of Lone Atrial Fibrillation (2011)

B-type natriuretic peptide levels correlate with AF burden (chronicity, altered hemodynamics, and anatomic remodeling) in patients with lone AF and are strong predictors of recurrent arrhythmia after ablation. Elevated BNP levels may reflect increased cardiac chamber wall stress and/or intrinsic atrial disease, thus increasing the risk of arrhythmia recurrence.
Identifying lung overdistention during mechanical ventilation by using volume‐pressure loops (1988)

We measured the pulmonary mechanics of 23 mechanically ventilated neonates. Airway pressures, inspiratory and expiratory flows were simultaneously measured. Values for respiratory system mechanics were then derived from these data by using a personal computer and a special software program. Volume-pressure (V-P) loops and respiratory system compliance values were determined for representative mechanical breaths. Twelve infants had normal-appearing V-P loops. Eleven had V-P loops characteristic of lung overdistention, showing decreasing changes in volume with progressive increases in pressure. To quantify this visual observation, we determined the change in compliance during the last 20% of inspiration (C20). We then compared this value to the total compliance value for the entire breath (C) using the ratio C20/C. Mean values for C, C20, and C20/C were compared for the two patient groups. Total respiratory system compliance values were similar. C20 values were decreased in those patients with V-P loops showing overdistention. C20/C values were significantly decreased in those patients with V-P loop evidence of overdistention. Patients with V-P loop evidence of overdistention all had C20/C values less than 0.8. Those with normal-appearing V-P loops all had C20/C values greater than 1.0. The C20/C ratio appears to effectively quantitate visual V-P loop evidence of lung overdistention during mechanical ventilation.
<i>CLDN3</i> inhibits cancer aggressiveness via Wnt-EMT signaling and is a potential prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common fatal malignancies but the molecular genetic basis of this disease remains unclear. By using genome-wide methylation profiling analysis, we identified CLDN3 as an epigenetically regulated gene in cancer. Here, we investigated its function and clinical relevance in human HCC. CLDN3 downregulation occurred in 87/114 (76.3%) of primary HCCs, where it was correlated significantly with shorter survival of HCC patients (P=0.021). Moreover, multivariate cyclooxygenase regression analysis showed that CLDN3 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P=0.014). Absent expression of CLDN3 was also detected in 67% of HCC cell lines, which was significantly associated with its promoter hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of CLDN3 in HCC cells could inhibit cell motility, cell invasiveness, and tumor formation in nude mice. Mechanistic investigations suggested through downregulation of GSK3B, CTNNB1, SNAI2, and CDH2, CLDN3 could significantly suppress metastasis by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin-epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) axis in HCC cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CLDN3 is an epigenetically silenced metastasis suppressor gene in HCC. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of CLDN3 in inhibiting liver cancer cell metastasis may lead to a more effective management of HCC patients with the inactivation of CLDN3.