gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithium isotope separation by displacement chromatography using cryptand resin. (1983)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: isotope separationchemical exchangelithium isotopescryptand resincrown etherdisplacement chromatographyion exchangeseparation factorsdiazapolyoxa macrobicyclic ligandalkaline cations
Measuring moisture content in small dielectric objects of arbitrary shape (1992)

Resonant cavity techniques are widely used in measuring the microwave properties of materials by measuring the shift in the resonant frequency and the change in the Q factor of the cavity when the object is inserted into the cavity. This technique has proven to be an interesting alternative to existing methods for kernel moisture determination in soybeans and corn, because it offers nondestructive and relatively fast measurements. The purpose of this paper is to present principles and results of research on the effect of kernels of various shapes and dimensions and different moisture contents on the parameters of a resonant cavity operating at a microwave frequency and to evaluate the feasibility for moisture content determination in individual seeds, nuts and kernels by this technique.
<i>Yersinia</i> sp (MH96) a potential biopesticide of migratory locust <i>Locusta migratoria</i> L (2008)

Locusta migratoria L is a recognised global pest that feeds on a wide range of graminaceous crops and pasture The activity of the novel entomopathogenic bacterium Yersinia sp (MH96) against L migratoria was investigated in the laboratory Locusta migratoria were allowed to feed on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) carrying Y sp residues and mortality was observed daily for 5 days At constant temperatures of either 235 or 37C Y sp caused 100 mortality of 1st instar L migratoria after 72 h At constant temperatures of 235C mortality amongst 2nd3rd instar L migratoria after 48 h was ca 34 rising to 100 mortality after 5 days When 3rd instar L migratoria were exposed to Y sp cultured at either 25C or 37C mortality was higher in individuals maintained at 235C compared to 37C This result was attributed to the phenology of the bacterium at elevated temperatures These initial studies indicate that Y sp has promise as a biopesticide against L migratoria especially against early instars
Electrochemical planarization for microelectronic circuits (1993)

The need for flatter and smoother surfaces (planarization) in microelectronic circuits increases as the number of metal levels in ultra large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits increases. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the authors have developed an electrochemical planarization process that fills vias and trenches with metal (without voids) and subsequently planarizes the surface. Use is made of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiO{sub 2} for the dielectric layers and electroplated copper for the metalization. This report describes the advantages of this process over existing techniques, possibilities for collaboration, and previous technology transfer.
Characterization of three inhibitors of endothelial nitric oxide synthase <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (1990)

1. Three analogues of L-arginine were characterized as inhibitors of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase by measuring their effect on the endothelial NO synthase from porcine aortae, on the vascular tone of rings of rat aorta and on the blood pressure of the anaesthetized rat. 2. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine (L-NIO) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; all at 0.1-100 microM) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of the Ca2(+)-dependent endothelial NO synthase from porcine aortae. 3. L-NMMA, L-NIO and L-NAME caused an endothelium-dependent contraction and an inhibition of the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) in aortic rings. 4. L-NMMA, L-NIO and L-NAME (0.03-300 mg kg-1, i.v.) induced a dose-dependent increase in mean systemic arterial blood pressure accompanied by bradycardia. 5. L-NMMA, L-NIO and L-NAME (100 mg kg-1, i.v.) inhibited significantly the hypotensive responses to ACh and bradykinin. 6. The increase in blood pressure and bradycardia produced by these compounds were reversed by L-arginine (30-100 mg kg-1, i.v.) in a dose-dependent manner. 7. All of these effects were enantiomer specific. 8. These results indicate that L-NMMA, L-NIO and L-NAME are inhibitors of NO synthase in the vascular endothelium and confirm the important role of NO synthesis in the maintenance of vascular tone and blood pressure.
On dead-zone plus uniform threshold scalar quantization (2005)

This paper studies the rate-distortion performance of symmetric scalar quantizers to extend previous work published by the first author. We first provide a theoretical analysis of dead-zone plus uniform threshold quantization (DZ+UTQ) for nearly-uniform-reconstruction quantization (NURQ). The quantization performance is particularly investigated for Generalized Gaussian (such as Laplacian and Gaussian) sources using the squared-error distortion measure. According to the analysis, we note that the rate-distortion optimized quantizer is DZ+UTQ with NURQ for Laplacian sources, and is very similar to a DZ+UTQ for a uniform reconstruction quantizer (URQ). We further provide theoretical analysis of rate-distortion constrained DZ+UTQ with NURQ and URQ to cover other Generalized Gaussian sources and give the rate-distortion performance comparison theoretically between NURQ and URQ for DZ+UTQ. We conclude that a URQ is a near-optimal reconstruction rule for many sources, and that a DZ+UTQ classification rule is an effective classifier for it. URQ can be considered as a sub-optimal case of NURQ; the advantage of URQ being its simpler reconstruction rule. Based on the theoretical findings, a new DZ+UTQ quantization rounding technique for URQ is developed and integrated into recent H.264/AVC reference software to improve its encoding performance. Up to 1.0 dB performance improvement is observed, particularly in the very high bit rate range.
Concept study of wind power utilizing direct thermal energy conversion and thermal energy storage (2015)

Present wind power is intermittent and cannot be used as the baseload energy source. Concept study of wind power utilizing direct thermal energy conversion and thermal energy storage named Wind powered Thermal Energy System (WTES) is conducted. The thermal energy is generated from the rotating energy directly at the top of the tower by the heat generator, which is a kind of simple and light electric brake. The rest of the system is the same as the tower type concentrated solar power (CSP). The cost estimation suggests that the energy cost of WTES is less than that of the conventional wind power, which must be supported by the backup thermal plants and grid enhancement. The light heat generator reduces some issues of wind power such as noise and vibration.
Use of Mueller matrix polarimetry and optical coherence tomography in the characterization of cervical collagen anisotropy (2017)

Preterm birth (PTB) presents a serious medical health concern throughout the world. There is a high incidence of PTB in both developed and developing countries ranging from 11% to 15%, respectively. Recent research has shown that cervical collagen orientation and distribution changes during pregnancy may be useful in predicting PTB. Polarization imaging is an effective means to measure optical anisotropy in birefringent materials, such as the cervix's extracellular matrix. Noninvasive, full-field Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) imaging methodologies, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging were used to assess cervical collagen content and structure in nonpregnant porcine cervices. We demonstrate that the highly ordered structure of the nonpregnant porcine cervix can be observed with MMP. Furthermore, when utilized ex vivo, OCT and MMP yield very similar results with a mean error of 3.46% between the two modalities.
Properties and performance of the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2003)

The adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) combines an ophthalmic adaptive optics system [1] with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope [2]. Adaptive optics (AO) are used to overcome blur in retinal images that is caused by aberrations in the cornea and lens of the eye. By using adaptive optics, microscopic retinal features are visualized [3]. 30 frame-per-second imaging has revealed the flow of individual leukocytes in the smallest retinal capillaries. The increased optical sectioning ability allows for true optical sectioning of retinal layers. The AOSLO uses a 37-channel deformable mirror (Xinetics, Andover MA), combined with a Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor (400 µm lenslets, 24 mm focal length). 512 × 480 pixel images of a 1.5 × 1.4 degree field are captured at 30 frames per second. The imaging wavelength is 660 nm but other wavelength imaging is possible. The AOSLO measures and compensates for the wave aberrations at about 1 Hz simultaneously with image acquisition. Here we describe the latest advances in retinal imaging with the AOSLO instrument.
Highly sensitive and quick in ovo sexing of domestic chicken eggs by two-wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy (2022)

The in ovo sexing of chicken eggs is a current task and a prerequisite to overcome the mass killing of male day-old chicks from laying lines. Although various methods have been developed and tested in recent years, practicable methods for sex determination are still missing which can be applicated in poultry hatcheries before the chicken embryo is capable of nociception and pain sensation. Optical spectroscopic methods enable an early determination of the sex. In this study, a novel method based on two-wavelength in ovo fluorescence excitation is described. More than 1600 eggs were examined. In ovo fluorescence was sequentially excited at 532 nm and 785 nm. The fluorescence intensities of the spectral regions behave inversely with respect to sex. It is shown that the observed sex-related differences in the fluorescence intensities are based on the embryonic hemoglobin synthesis. The accuracy of sex determination is 96% for both sexes. The hatching rate is not reduced compared to an equivalent reference group.
An Optimized Method to Remove Filter Cake Formed by Formate Based Drill-in Fluid in Extended Reach Wells (2007)

Abstract Smart, horizontal, and multi-lateral wells provide an attractive option for maximizing reservoir contact in both oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia. Formate drill-in fluid has been selected lately for drilling gas wells, because of its ability to preserve conventional polymers at high temperatures. The formate salts also can reduce the rate of hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of many viscosifiers and fluid loss agents at high temperatures. Drilling fluid filter cake can reduce the flow efficiency of cased or openhole wells. Calcium carbonate particles are frequently used as weighting material to maintain the pressure that is required for well control and minimize the leak-off. Such solids become consolidated and trapped in the polymeric material and this makes the filter cake a strong permeability barrier. The conventional method for cleaning the filter cake is by circulating solids-free formate brines at a high flow rate. This mechanical technique removes only the external drilling fluid damage. Chemical fluids like acids, oxidizers or chelating agents are usually used as an alternative method for dissolving both the external and internal filter cake. Most of these fluids cannot give a full coverage to the wellbore due to the formation heterogeneity. A new class of esters can generate an acid downhole at a low rate and distribute it uniformly through the wellbore. Fluid compatibility and thermal stability tests were studied in detail. Return permeability experiments were conducted by using HPHT dynamic fluid loss cells. The ester solution was effective in cleaning the filter cake in comparison to the formate brines completion fluid and other organic acids results. Also, circulating formate brine to restore the wellbore permeability or remove the internal filter cake damage was found to be insufficient. Surface tension measurements indicated that the generated alcohol and lactic acid from the ester solution had lowered the surface tension more than the formate brines.
Estimating probability of correctness for ASR N-best lists (2009)

For a spoken dialog system to make good use of a speech recognition N-Best list, it is essential to know how much trust to place in each entry. This paper presents a method for assigning a probability of correctness to each of the items on the N-Best list, and to the hypothesis that the correct answer is not on the list. We find that both multinomial logistic regression and support vector machine models yields meaningful, useful probabilities across different tasks and operating conditions.
Image-based CAD system for accurate identification of lung injury (2016)

This paper proposes a novel framework for the identification of the radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) after radiation therapy (RT) using 4D computed tomography (CT) scans. The proposed methodology consists of four components: (i) elastic image registration; (ii) segmentation of the lung fields; (iii) extraction of functional and texture features; and (iv) classification of the lung tissues. The registration step locally aligns the consecutive phases of the respiratory cycle using an elastic image registration approach based on descent minimization of the sum of squared difference similarity metric. Secondly, lung fields are segmented using a hybrid framework that integrates an adaptive shape prior model, a first-order intensity model, and a second order homogeneity descriptor of the lung tissues. Next, regional features that describe both the texture features using the novel 7 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order Markov-Gibbs random field (MGRF) model in addition to the lung functionality features (e.g., ventilation and elasticity) are estimated from a segmented lungs. Finally, a random forest classifier (RF) is applied to distinguish between injured and normal lung tissues. To evaluate the proposed framework, we used data sets that have been collected from 13 patients who had underwent RT treatment. Experimental results demonstrate the promise of the proposed framework for the identification of the injured lung region, and thus hold the promise as a valuable tool for early detection of RILI.
Validation of a robust method for quantification of three‐dimensional growth of the thoracic aorta using deformable image registration (2022)

VDM yields an accurate, three-dimensional assessment of aortic growth in TAA patients and is robust to factors such as image noise, respiration-induced translations, and differences in patient position. Further, VDM significantly outperformed two expert manual raters in assessing the magnitude and location of aortic growth despite optimized experimental measurement conditions. These results support validation of the VDM technique for accurate quantification of aortic growth in patients and highlight several important advantages over diameter measurements.
Object tracking based on evidential dynamic occupancy grids in urban environments (2017)

Occupancy grid mapping approaches, especially those that additionally estimate the dynamics, enable a robust and consistent modeling of the local environment in a cell-level representation. But a scene understanding of surrounding traffic participants requires a generalized object-level representation. This work presents an object tracking approach based on dynamic occupancy grids. The association of occupied grid cells with existing object tracks is solved individually on the cell-level without clustering or forming object hypotheses. New object tracks are extracted using a clustering strategy and a velocity variance analysis of neighboring occupied cells to reduce false positives. In order to improve the estimates of the position and size, an object boundary extraction is presented that takes the surrounding free space of the selected box representation into account. Experimental results with real sensor data show the effectiveness of the proposed object tracking approach in challenging urban scenarios with dense traffic.
Building occupant and asset localization and tracking using visible light communication (2016)

This research demonstrates how inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf lighting components and microcontrollers can be used to construct a solution for occupant and asset localization and tracking through visible light communication (VLC). Through the modulation of the emitted light from networked LED luminaires, the location of a receiver can be determined. This paper describes the implementation of the VLC enabled LED luminaires, in addition to the infrared synchronization protocol, which enabled inexpensive white LEDs to be time division multiplexed to avoid packet collisions. Luminaires use token message passing to regulate packet transmission. Physical construction of these luminaires is discussed in addition to the simulated performance of this system.
Sensing integrated water vapor along GPS ray paths (1997)

We demonstrate sensing of integrated slant‐path water vapor (SWV) along ray paths between Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites and receivers. We use double differencing to remove GPS receiver and satellite clock errors and 85‐cm diameter choke ring antennas to reduce ground‐reflected multipath. We compare more than 17,000 GPS and pointed radiometer double difference observations above 20° elevation and find 1.3 mm rms agreement. Potential applications for SWV data include local and regional weather modeling and prediction, correction for slant wet delay effects in GPS surveying and orbit determination, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. The method is viable during all weather conditions.
Detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in blood using flow cytometry (1985)

A rapid method for the detection of Escherichia coli in blood has been developed. The method employs blood cell lysis, staining of bacteria with ethidium bromide, and detection of stained bacteria using flow cytometry. The detection protocol requires less than 2 h sample handling time and is not dependent on bacterial growth. This method has been applied to human donor blood specimens seeded with various E. coli concentrations and to two rabbit model systems. Bacterial detection is evident from the in vitro human blood studies at levels of 10 E. coli/ml and from in vivo rabbit model studies at less than 100 E. coli/ml.
Macroscopic Electrical Anisotropy of Laminated Reservoirs: A Tensor Resistivity Saturation Model (1999)

Abstract Accurate petrophysical evaluation of deep water turbidites composed of thin bedded sand-shale sequences is crucial in the economic decision to explore, develop, and produce these reservoirs. Traditional laminar shaly sand saturation equations are based on a parallel conductivity model that typically results in significant underestimation of in-place hydrocarbons. Electrical anisotropy is the macroscopic effect of thinly layered sedimentary formations in which logging tools have insufficient vertical resolution to properly resolve individual beds or laminae. Utilizing anisotropy in the saturation analysis transforms the classic "low resistivity shaly sand problem" into a tensor petrophysical model. The tensor shaly sand saturation model is applied to both simple and complex reservoir types with the following results: Simple laminated sand-shale model: Forward model calculations for the resistivity tensors demonstrate the effect of the model variables on net-to-gross, shale resistivity, sand resistivity, and sand porosity. Sand saturation determination is dominated by the vertical component and shale resistivity is dominated by the horizontal component.Complex anisotropic sand model: Forward modeling using alternating fine-coarse grain size distributions within a sand body demonstrates the effect of pore size changes resulting in capillary-induced water saturation profiles. Tensor components for anisotropic sands are presented as an integral expression for any water saturation distribution. The following response of the Resistivity Index (RI) is noted:RI vs. Sw relationship does not follow an Archie-type power lawRI vs. Sw relationship is different for the parallel and perpendicular laminated resistivity components. The tensor water saturation equation utilizing electrical anisotropy is demonstrated to be theoretically correct for both the laminar sand-shale reservoirs and complex anisotropic sand reservoirs. The significant advantage of the tensor model is a more accurate water saturation determination that minimizes the errors inherent in traditional parallel conductivity saturation equations.
Electronics Produced by Roll-to-roll Self-Aligned Imprint Lithography (2007)

In this presentation, we present a method for fabrication using self-aligned imprint lithography (SAIL). The self-aligned process solves the layer-to-layer registration issues arising from the dimensionally changes of flexible substrates. The imprint process eliminates the need for photolithography and greatly lowers the cost for large area electronics because it is compatible with roll-to-roll processing. The basic concepts of the SAIL process are presented along with electrical characteristics of devices produced by roll-to-roll SAIL processes.
53.3: Flexible Color Cholesteric LCD with Single‐Layer Structure (2008)

Abstract A 10.4‐inch flexible single layer color cholesteric liquid crystal display (ChLCD) is demonstrated. The display is realized by the development of the pixelized vacuum filling (PVF) technique. The performance of the display is 3‐bit color and the resolution is QVGA. The display had passed the bending test over 10,000 times with 3 cm curvature.
Replacement attacks against VM-protected applications (2012)

Process-level virtualization is increasingly being used to enhance the security of software applications from reverse engineering and unauthorized modification (called software protection). Process-level virtual machines (PVMs) can safeguard the application code at run time and hamper the adversary's ability to launch dynamic attacks on the application. This dynamic protection, combined with its flexibility, ease in handling legacy systems and low performance overhead, has made process-level virtualization a popular approach for providing software protection. While there has been much research on using process-level virtualization to provide such protection, there has been less research on attacks against PVM-protected software. In this paper, we describe an attack on applications protected using process-level virtualization, called a replacement attack. In a replacement attack, the adversary replaces the protecting PVM with an attack VM thereby rendering the application vulnerable to analysis and modification. We present a general description of the replacement attack methodology and two attack implementations against a protected application using freely available tools. The generality and simplicity of replacement attacks demonstrates that there is a strong need to develop techniques that meld applications more tightly to the protecting PVM to prevent such attacks.