gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Hosting of Positive and Negative Trions and the Enhanced Direct Band Emission in MoSe<sub>2</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> Heterostacked Multilayers (2016)

Heterostacking of layered transition-metal dichalcogenide (LTMD) monolayers (1Ls) offers a convenient way of designing two-dimensional exciton systems. Here we demonstrate the simultaneous hosting of positive trions and negative trions in heterobilayers made by vertically stacking 1L MoSe2 and 1L MoS2. The charge transfer occurring between the 1Ls of MoSe2 and MoS2 converted the polarity of trions in 1L MoSe2 from negative to positive, resulting in the presence of positive trions in the 1L MoSe2 and negative trions in the 1L MoS2 of the same heterostacked bilayer. Significantly enhanced MoSe2 photoluminescence (PL) in the heterostacked bilayers compared to the PL of 1L MoSe2 alone suggests that, unlike other previously reported heterostacked bilayers, direct band transition of 1L MoSe2 in heterobilayer was enhanced after the vertical heterostacking. Moreover, by inserting hexagonal BN monolayers between 1L MoSe2 and 1L MoS2, we were able to adjust the charge transfer to maximize the MoSe2 PL of the heteromultilayers and have achieved a 9-fold increase of the PL emission. The enhanced optical properties of our heterostacked LTMDs suggest the exciting possibility of designing LTMD structures that exploit the superior optical properties of 1L LTMDs.
Influence of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained Ti45Nb (2019)

Beta-Ti alloys have been intensively investigated in the last years because of their favorable low Young's moduli, biocompatibility and bio-inertness, making these alloys interesting candidates for implant materials. Due to their low mechanical strength, efforts are currently devoted to increasing it. A promising way to improve the strength is to tailor the microstructure using severe plastic deformation (SPD). In this investigation high pressure torsion was used to refine the microstructure of a Ti-45wt.%Nb alloy inducing a grain size of ~50 nm. The main focus of the subsequent investigations was devoted to the thermal stability of the microstructure. Isochronal heat-treatments performed for 30 min in a temperature range up to 500 °C caused an increase of hardness with a peak value at 300 °C before the hardness decreased at higher temperatures. Simultaneously, a distinct temperature-dependent variation of the Young's modulus was also measured. Tensile tests revealed an increase in strength after annealing compared to the SPD-state. Microstructural investigations showed that annealing causes the formation of α-Ti. The findings suggest that the combination of severe plastic deformation with subsequent heat treatment provides a feasible way to improve the mechanical properties of SPD-deformed β-Ti alloys making them suitable for higher strength applications.
Transmission performance of Y-junctions in planar dielectric waveguide (1978)

A close lower bound is derived for the TE-transmission coefficient of a single-mode dielectric waveguide Y-junction. The input and output planar waveguides of the junction are of the same thickness and are connected by a tapered section. The transmission losses can be less than a few percent for sufficiently long tapers and moderately small junction angles.
Automating Model Building in c-rater (2009)

c-rater is Educational Testing Service's technology for the content scoring of short student responses. A major step in the scoring process is Model Building where variants of model answers are generated that correspond to the rubric for each item or test question. Until recently, Model Building was knowledge-engineered (KE) and hence labor and time intensive. In this paper, we describe our approach to automating Model Building in c-rater. We show that c-rater achieves comparable accuracy on automatically built and KE models.
Advanced technics to shared & protect cloud data using multilayer steganography and cryptography (2016)

In current scenario, the growth of data in cloud computing may be a vital issue of the complete information reside over a group of interconnected pools that permits via virtual machines. There are various problems that require to be addressed with respect to the service, management and privacy of data etc. To make sure privacy of data in cloud computing, it planned an effective and a unique approach to make sure information security in cloud computing by means of encrypting and concealing the info with multimedia exploitation thought of multilayer steganography with advanced encryption standard (AES). The main focus of this system is to forestall information access from cloud data storage centers by unauthorized users. This theme perfectly stored information at cloud data storage centers and retrieves data from it once it's required. This give the terribly high level knowledge security for online virtual system and save the fraud users to use your knowledge.
Robust Angle-Sensorless Control of a PMSM Bearingless Pump (2009)

In the semiconductor industry, where bearingless pump systems are employed as the state-of-the-art technology, the trend goes toward higher fluid temperatures (150degC and more) in order to further increase process efficiency. This fact translates into the requirement of a high-temperature bearingless pump system and/or the elimination of thermal-critical components such as Hall sensors. This paper introduces a new method for a hall-sensorless control of a permanent-magnet synchronous machine bearingless pump in its operating range from 0 to 8000 r/min and from zero load to full load. The sensorless operation is performed by the following three novel control functionalities: a controlled startup routine, enabling a sure levitation and zero-angle setting; an open-loop angle estimation based on stator voltage and stator current measurement and known machine parameters; and an angle synchronization establishing a robust operation of the pump in the whole operating range even for a large machine parameter drift. In particular, considering the temperature degrading of the permanent-magnet flux density, the novel robust control concept is of great benefit for bearingless pump systems employed in high-temperature applications.
Development of heat exchanger for high temperature energy storage with bulk materials (2016)

This paper gives a general overview of the concept of a high temperature gas-to-particle heat exchanger, the corresponding test facilities and the results of laboratory tests. A description of the optimal bulk material and separator properties and their influences on the operating conditions is also given. The three phenomena pinning, blistering and blocking could be observed during the tests and were analysed in more detail using simulation software.
Cytokine Production, Lymphocyte Proliferation and T-Cell Receptor Vβ Expression in Primary Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures from Nickel-Allergic Individuals (2003)

Determination of IL-10 production in primary PBMC cultures is a potentially promising in vitro method for discrimination of Ni allergy in females, as compared with cell proliferation.
Resonant Cavity Electroluminescent Backlights (1998)

Abstract Resonant cavity design of organic light‐emitting diodes can be used to make non‐Lambertian sources which have forwarded directed emission well‐suited to applications as backlights for liquid crystal displays. These do not require the cumbersome collection and collimation optics associated with fluorescent lamps. They can therefore be extremely thin, and they operate with low voltage, and potentially have intrinsically polarized emission. The theory for describing the performance of resonant cavity devices emitters is outlined and applied to a model case. Experimental results illustrating forward enhancement of the emission are presented. We also discuss one difficulty with this approach associated with how cavities are preferentially resonant for different colors.
Rapid gastrointestinal loss of Clostridial Clusters IV and XIVa in the ICU associates with an expansion of gut pathogens (2018)

Commensal gastrointestinal bacteria resist the expansion of pathogens and are lost during critical illness, facilitating pathogen colonization and infection. We performed a prospective, ICU-based study to determine risk factors for loss of gut colonization resistance during the initial period of critical illness. Rectal swabs were taken from adult ICU patients within 4 hours of admission and 72 hours later, and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and selective culture for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Microbiome data was visualized using principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) and assessed using a linear discriminant analysis algorithm and logistic regression modeling. 93 ICU patients were analyzed. At 72 hours following ICU admission, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of Clostridial Clusters IV/XIVa, taxa that produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). At the same time, there was a significant expansion in Enterococcus. Decreases in Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia were associated with loss of gut microbiome colonization resistance (reduced diversity and community stability over time). In multivariable analysis, both decreased Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia and increased Enterococcus after 72 hours were associated with receipt of antibiotics. Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia, although a small fraction of the overall gastrointestinal microbiome, drove distinct clustering on PCoA. During initial treatment for critical illness, there was a loss of Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia within the distal gut microbiome which associated with an expansion of VRE and with a loss of gut microbiome colonization resistance. Receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics was associated with these changes.
Power Efficiency Comparisons of Interchip Optical Interconnect Architectures (2010)

High-bandwidth interchip optical interconnect architectures have the potential to address increasing input-output bandwidth demands. This brief compares several optical interconnect architectures on the basis of power efficiency in 90- and 45-nm CMOS technologies. Under consideration are a near-term architecture consisting of discrete vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) and three long-term integrated photonic architectures that use waveguide metal-semiconductor-metal PDs and either electroabsorption modulator (EAM), ring resonator modulator (RRM), or Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) sources. An optimal current density methodology with normalized transistor parameters extracted from circuit simulations is applied to jointly optimize driver and receiver circuitry to minimize the total link power dissipation. The analysis results show that the VCSEL-based link is limited by VCSEL bandwidth and maximum power levels, rather than circuit bandwidth, and achieves a maximum of 24 Gb/s in both the 90- and 45-nm nodes. The EAM and the RRM are both attractive integrated photonic technologies capable of scaling data rates past 30 Gb/s at power efficiency levels near 0.5 mW/Gb/s in the 45-nm node and are primarily limited by coupling and device insertion losses. While the MZM offers robust operation due to its wide optical bandwidth, significant improvements in power efficiency must be achieved to become applicable for high-density applications.
Review of optical freeform surface representation technique and its application (2017)

Modern advanced manufacturing and testing technologies allow the application of freeform optical elements. Compared with traditional spherical surfaces, an optical freeform surface has more degrees of freedom in optical design and provides substantially improved imaging performance. In freeform optics, the representation technique of a freeform surface has been a fundamental and key research topic in recent years. Moreover, it has a close relationship with other aspects of the design, manufacturing, testing, and application of optical freeform surfaces. Improvements in freeform surface representation techniques will make a significant contribution to the further development of freeform optics. We present a detailed review of the different types of optical freeform surface representation techniques and their applications and discuss their properties and differences. Additionally, we analyze the future trends of optical freeform surface representation techniques.
Arrays of Si Field Emitter Individually Regulated by Si Nanowires High Breakdown Voltages and Enhanced Performance (2018)

We fabricate Si field emitter arrays (FEAs) with integrated Si nanowire current limiters and investigate a method to enable higher voltage operation, which can potentially increase achievable current densities. In this work, we focus on the dielectric breakdown occurring in the vicinity of the nanopillar. A deeper etch is shown to increase the breakdown voltage but at the expense of poorer field emission characteristics possibly due to the loss of mechanical support or increased surface states.
Efficient near-field inductive wireless power transfer for miniature implanted devices using strongly coupled magnetic resonance at 5.8 GHz (2016)

In this paper, an efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) design using near-field inductive 4-coil strongly-coupled-magnetic-resonance (SCMR) for powering up miniature biosensors at the ISM band of 5.8 GHz is proposed and analyzed. The miniature device has a tiny square planar inductor of size 110 × 110 μm as a receiver (RX) coil integrated on a standard silicon substrate. Another planar coil of 3 mm in diameter is designed on a FR4 substrate as the transmitting (TX) coil, which is fixed at 1 mm away from the RX coil in this study. The corresponding 4-coil SCMR system has the same TX and RX coils but with two relay coils between them, where the closest distance from the relay coil to the RX coil is also fixed at 1 mm. Analytic equations are used to describe the design for both scenarios, and 3-Dimensional (3-D) S-parameter and B-Field electromagnetic (EM) simulations show that the optimized 4-coil system consistently outperforms the optimized 2-coil WPT system by ~6-7 dB, reaching an impressive inductive power coupling of ~ -20.2 dB (i.e., ~ 1% power transfer efficiency) unto the tiny RX coil for potentially powering up novel implantable and other miniature devices without bulky batteries.
Image formation with a microlens-based optical detector: a three-dimensional mapping approach (2009)

A ray-based approach that models the geometric mapping properties of a flat optical detector based on a microlens array is presented. The investigated optical detector substitutes a single-aperture lens optic for planar and tomographic data acquisition in space-constrained small-animal imaging applications. The formalism implements forward mapping of a three-dimensional object volume onto a two-dimensional sensor surface as well as the backprojection (inverse mapping) of acquired sensor data sets. The object focus distance is the sole free parameter for the inverse mapping. By variation of the object focus distance, arbitrary object surface areas within the computed object images can be focused. The inverse mapping algorithm was applied to an experimentally acquired sensor data set from a three-dimensional phantom. The results are compared with focal point image formation.
High-efficiency particulate air filter test stand and aerosol generator for particle loading studies (2007)

This manuscript describes the design, characterization, and operational range of a test stand and high-output aerosol generator developed to evaluate the performance of 30 x 30 x 29 cm(3) nuclear grade high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters under variable, highly controlled conditions. The test stand system is operable at volumetric flow rates ranging from 1.5 to 12 standard m(3)/min. Relative humidity levels are controllable from 5%-90% and the temperature of the aerosol stream is variable from ambient to 150 degrees C. Test aerosols are produced through spray drying source material solutions that are introduced into a heated stainless steel evaporation chamber through an air-atomizing nozzle. Regulation of the particle size distribution of the aerosol challenge is achieved by varying source solution concentrations and through the use of a postgeneration cyclone. The aerosol generation system is unique in that it facilitates the testing of standard HEPA filters at and beyond rated media velocities by consistently providing, into a nominal flow of 7 standard m(3)/min, high mass concentrations (approximately 25 mg/m(3)) of dry aerosol streams having count mean diameters centered near the most penetrating particle size for HEPA filters (120-160 nm). Aerosol streams that have been generated and characterized include those derived from various concentrations of KCl, NaCl, and sucrose solutions. Additionally, a water insoluble aerosol stream in which the solid component is predominantly iron (III) has been produced. Multiple ports are available on the test stand for making simultaneous aerosol measurements upstream and downstream of the test filter. Types of filter performance related studies that can be performed using this test stand system include filter lifetime studies, filtering efficiency testing, media velocity testing, evaluations under high mass loading and high humidity conditions, and determination of the downstream particle size distributions.
An Area and Power Efficient Interpolation Scheme Using Variable Current Control for 10-Bit Data Drivers in Mobile Active-Matrix LCDs (2019)

This paper presents an area and power efficient interpolation scheme using variable current control (VCC) for 10-bit data drivers in mobile active-matrix LCDs. The VCC interpolation can be embedded in buffer amplifiers as sub-digital-to-analog converters (DACs), reducing the DAC area without requiring additional power and conversion time. Moreover, interpolation errors due to transistor nonlinearity can be compensated through delicate current ratio control, optimizing both accuracy and area efficiency of the high-resolution data driver. The prototype 10-bit data driver with a 6-bit resistor DAC and a 4-bit interpolation sub-DAC occupies the chip area of 460 μm × 14 μm per channel, which is 10.7% smaller than the conventional 8-bit data driver. The data driver consumes static current of 1 μA/channel without dissipating additional power for interpolation. The measured integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity are 0.4 LSB and 0.7 LSB, respectively. The proposed scheme has competitive performance in terms of driving accuracy, chip size shrinkage, and static power consumption for high-resolution data drivers.
A Deeper Understanding of Sequence in Narrative Visualization (2013)

Conveying a narrative with visualizations often requires choosing an order in which to present visualizations. While evidence exists that narrative sequencing in traditional stories can affect comprehension and memory, little is known about how sequencing choices affect narrative visualization. We consider the forms and reactions to sequencing in narrative visualization presentations to provide a deeper understanding with a focus on linear, 'slideshow-style' presentations. We conduct a qualitative analysis of 42 professional narrative visualizations to gain empirical knowledge on the forms that structure and sequence take. Based on the results of this study we propose a graph-driven approach for automatically identifying effective sequences in a set of visualizations to be presented linearly. Our approach identifies possible transitions in a visualization set and prioritizes local (visualization-to-visualization) transitions based on an objective function that minimizes the cost of transitions from the audience perspective. We conduct two studies to validate this function. We also expand the approach with additional knowledge of user preferences for different types of local transitions and the effects of global sequencing strategies on memory, preference, and comprehension. Our results include a relative ranking of types of visualization transitions by the audience perspective and support for memory and subjective rating benefits of visualization sequences that use parallelism as a structural device. We discuss how these insights can guide the design of narrative visualization and systems that support optimization of visualization sequence.
Interaction between cardiolipin and the mitochondrial presequence of cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit IV favours lipid mixing without destabilizing the bilayer structure (1995)

We demonstrate the ability of a peptide corresponding to the presequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV to induce lipid mixing between large unilamellar liposomes. This lipid mixing requires the presence of CL or PE, lipids able to form non-bilayer structures, and is not observed with other negatively charged lipids. However, the fact that this mixing occurs without mixing of the liposome aqueous phases and without destabilizing the lipid organisation is unusual and has not been observed for other amphiphilic peptides. This observation supports the idea that the presequence could play a role in the formation of translocation contact sites between the two mitochondrial membranes and facilitate the structural rearrangements of the outer and inner membrane proteins involved in the two import machineries in a way to permit the formation of a continuous import channel through the two mitochondrial membranes without mixing the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aqueous contents.
Fertilization of porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic spermatozoon or isolated sperm head injection (1998)

We demonstrated normal fertilization processes (as determined by pronuclear formation, pronuclear apposition and syngamy) in porcine oocytes either following intracytoplasmic spermatozoon (ICSI) or isolated sperm head injection. Microtubule organization and chromatin configuration were investigated in these oocytes during the first cell cycle. Following ICSI, the microtubular aster was organized from the neck of the spermatozoon and filled the whole cytoplasm. These male-derived microtubules appear to move both pronuclei to the center of oocytes. These cytoskeletal changes are analogous to those seen following conventional fertilization. In contrast, following isolated sperm head injection, the sperm aster was not seen. Instead, the microtubule matrix was organized from the cortex and then filled the whole cytoplasm in all cases in normally fertilized oocytes following injection (n=35). This organization is similar to what has been shown in the parthenogenetically activated oocytes. Chromosome analysis revealed that the oocytes injected with isolated sperm heads were fertilized normally. At 7 days following injection, the incidence of blastocoele formation following ICSI (38%) and isolated sperm head injection (22%) was higher than that following sham injection (2%). These results suggested that successful fertilization and preimplantation development occurred in porcine oocytes following either ICSI or isolated sperm head injection. Our results also indicated that fertilization processes can occur by self-assembled microtubules within cytoplasm in the absence of a sperm centrosome.
The accuracy of locating the cricothyroid membrane by palpation – an intergender study (2014)

CTM localisation is more difficult in female subjects irrespective of body habitus. It may be prudent to localize this structure by additional means (e.g. ultrasound) in advance of any airway manoeuvres or to modify the cricothyrotomy technique in the event that it is necessary in an emergency.