gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lignin degradation: microorganisms, enzymes involved, genomes analysis and evolution (2017)

Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to describing degradation of wood, which is a complex process; hence, microorganisms have evolved different enzymatic and non-enzymatic strategies to utilize this plentiful plant material. This review describes a number of fungal and bacterial organisms which have developed both competitive and mutualistic strategies for the decomposition of wood and to thrive in different ecological niches. Through the analysis of the enzymatic machinery engaged in wood degradation, it was possible to elucidate different strategies of wood decomposition which often depend on ecological niches inhabited by given organism. Moreover, a detailed description of low molecular weight compounds is presented, which gives these organisms not only an advantage in wood degradation processes, but seems rather to be a new evolutionatory alternative to enzymatic combustion. Through analysis of genomics and secretomic data, it was possible to underline the probable importance of certain wood-degrading enzymes produced by different fungal organisms, potentially giving them advantage in their ecological niches. The paper highlights different fungal strategies of wood degradation, which possibly correlates to the number of genes coding for secretory enzymes. Furthermore, investigation of the evolution of wood-degrading organisms has been described.
O<sub>2</sub>-Evolving Chlorite Dismutase as a Tool for Studying O<sub>2</sub>-Utilizing Enzymes (2012)

The direct interrogation of fleeting intermediates by rapid-mixing kinetic methods has significantly advanced our understanding of enzymes that utilize dioxygen. The gas's modest aqueous solubility (<2 mM at 1 atm) presents a technical challenge to this approach, because it limits the rate of formation and extent of accumulation of intermediates. This challenge can be overcome by use of the heme enzyme chlorite dismutase (Cld) for the rapid, in situ generation of O(2) at concentrations far exceeding 2 mM. This method was used to define the O(2) concentration dependence of the reaction of the class Ic ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) from Chlamydia trachomatis, in which the enzyme's Mn(IV)/Fe(III) cofactor forms from a Mn(II)/Fe(II) complex and O(2) via a Mn(IV)/Fe(IV) intermediate, at effective O(2) concentrations as high as ~10 mM. With a more soluble receptor, myoglobin, an O(2) adduct accumulated to a concentration of >6 mM in <15 ms. Finally, the C-H-bond-cleaving Fe(IV)-oxo complex, J, in taurine:α-ketoglutarate dioxygenase and superoxo-Fe(2)(III/III) complex, G, in myo-inositol oxygenase, and the tyrosyl-radical-generating Fe(2)(III/IV) intermediate, X, in Escherichia coli RNR, were all accumulated to yields more than twice those previously attained. This means of in situ O(2) evolution permits a >5 mM "pulse" of O(2) to be generated in <1 ms at the easily accessible Cld concentration of 50 μM. It should therefore significantly extend the range of kinetic and spectroscopic experiments that can routinely be undertaken in the study of these enzymes and could also facilitate resolution of mechanistic pathways in cases of either sluggish or thermodynamically unfavorable O(2) addition steps.
Impairments in immune cell function in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (1998)

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a common clonal B cell leukemia that is often accompanied by a multitude of immune abnormalities. Each immune defect may be linked to several of the common complications affecting B-CLL patients. Furthermore, the combined abnormalities constitute a significant immunodeficiency for each patient. Importantly, some of the immune dysfunctions are potentially very relevant to the in vivo survival status of the leukemic B cell. The elucidation of these abnormalities in the circulating non-malignant immune cells of B-CLL patients has generated important insights into the biology of the disease. This discussion reviews the immune abnormalities of the clonal malignant B cells, the polyclonal B cells, and the immunoregulatory T cells and natural killer cells in B-CLL. In addition, we indicate the potential for immunotherapeutic protocols as innovations in treating this disease.
Zinc-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate-bipyridine frameworks – linker functionalization impacts network topology during solvothermal synthesis (2011)

Substitution of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (bdc) with additional alkoxy chains is the key to construct a family of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of the type [Zn2(fu-bdc)2(bipy)]n (fu-bdc = functionalized bdc; bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) exhibiting a honeycomb-like topology instead of the default pillared square-grid topology. Both the substitution pattern of the phenyl ring of the fu-bdc linker and the chain length of the alkoxy substituents have a major impact on the structure of the derived frameworks. Substitution at positions 2 and 3 leads to the trivial pillared square-grid framework, and substitution at positions 2 and 5 or 2 and 6 yields MOFs with the honeycomb-like topology. Also, simple methoxy substituents lead to the construction of a pillared square-grid topology, whereas longer substituents like ethoxy, n-propoxy, and n-butoxy generate honeycomb-like framework structures. These honeycomb MOFs feature one-dimensional channels, which are tuneable in diameter and functionality by the choice of substituent attached to the bdc-type linker. Pure component sorption isotherms indicate that the honeycomb-like frameworks selectively adsorb CO2 over N2 and CH4.
Simulation and optimization of transport in a Linear Brownian motor (2009)

Linear Brownian motors utilize relatively weak electric fields to bias the diffusion of particles in a microfluidic channel thereby harnessing Brownian motion to facilitate particle transport. We present a custom simulator for such a system and use it to optimize transport by modifying the electrode configuration and rectification scheme. With insight gained from simulation, we are able to identify features of potential energy profiles conducive to faster transport and suggest configurations to achieve them.
Efficacy of seed crop meals for the management of Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne chitwoodi in pots (2002)

Efficacy of seed crop meals from rapeseed, soybean, cotton and the tare dirt on Heterodera schachti on sugarbeet (I experiment) and Meloidogyne chitwoodi on tomato (II experiment) were investigated in pots. In the first experiment H.schachti larva, viable cysts on the root and total nematode population were significantly reduced by the application of three oil meals. Maximum root weight was observed in the plants treated with rape meaL In the second experiment, among all meals maximum fresh and dry root and shoot weight was observed in the pots treated with rape seed meals. All meals and tare dirt significantly reduced the larval population while viable cyst population and total eggs and larval population were significantly reduced by oil meal alone.
Use of coarse ethylcellulose and PEO in beads produced by extrusion–spheronization (2009)

This study evaluated the potential of coarse ethylcellulose (CPEC) and high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) as excipients in the production of beads by extrusion-spheronization. CPEC was investigated as a diluent and PEO as an extrusion aid and a binder. Beads were manufactured with caffeine as a model drug. Release studies were conducted, and the bead size, shape, yield, and friability were determined. The effects of formulation and process variables and their interactions were studied by a sequential experimental design based on a response surface method. In the initial stage, a two level half fractional factorial design was employed as a screening design, which was subsequently augmented to a central composite design. Statistical analysis indicated that formulation variables including PEO content, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) content, and water content, and two process variables, namely spheronizer speed and spheronization time, significantly affected the properties of the beads. Interactions between two factors have significant effects on several of the measured responses. Simultaneous optimization of the responses was conducted and validated by performing experiments at the optimal conditions. Overall, the results confirmed that immediate release, spherical beads with low friability and narrow size distribution could be produced with minimal amounts of MCC.
The nucleotide sequence of<i>ptsH</i>gene from<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (1990)

Journal Article The nucleotide sequence of ptsH gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae Get access Friedrich Tigemeyer, Friedrich Tigemeyer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reinhard Eisermann, Reinhard Eisermann 1Arbeitsgruppe Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Ruhr-Universität BochumPostfach 102148, D-4630 Bochum-Querenburg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wolfgang Hengstenberg, Wolfgang Hengstenberg 1Arbeitsgruppe Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Ruhr-Universität BochumPostfach 102148, D-4630 Bochum-Querenburg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph W. Lengeler Joseph W. Lengeler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 7, 11 April 1990, Page 1898, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.7.1898 Published: 11 April 1990 Article history Accepted: 26 March 1990 Published: 11 April 1990
The convergence of object dependent resolution in maximum likelihood based tomographic image reconstruction (1993)

Study of the maximum likelihood by EM algorithm (ML) with a reconstruction kernel equal to the intrinsic detector resolution and sieve regularization has demonstrated that any image improvements over filtered backprojection (FBP) are a function of image resolution. Comparing different reconstruction algorithms potentially requires measuring and matching the image resolution. Since there are no standard methods for describing the resolution of images from a nonlinear algorithm such as ML, we have defined measures of effective local Gaussian resolution (ELGR) and effective global Gaussian resolution (EGGR) and examined their behaviour in FBP images and in ML images using two different measurement techniques. For FBP these two resolution measures are equal and exhibit the standard convolution behaviour of linear systems. For ML, the FWHM of the ELGR monotonically increased with decreasing Gaussian object size due to slower convergence rates for smaller objects. For the simple simulated phantom used, this resolution dependence is independent of object position. With increasing object size, number of iterations and sieve size the object size dependence of the ELGR decreased. The FWHM of the EGGR converged after approximately 200 iterations, masking the fact that the ELGR for small objects was far from convergence. When FBP is compared to a nonlinear algorithm such as ML, it is recommended that at least the EGGR be matched; for ML this requires more than the number of iterations (e.g., < 100) that are typically run to minimize the mean square error or to satisfy a feasibility or similar stopping criterion. For many tasks, matching the EGGR of ML to FBP images may be insufficient and >> 200 iterations may be needed, particularly for small objects in the ML image because their ELGR has not yet converged.
A Designer's Guide to Asynchronous VLSI (2010)

Create low power, higher performance circuits with shorter design times using this practical guide to asynchronous design. This practical alternative to conventional synchronous design enables performance close to full-custom designs with design times that approach commercially available ASIC standard cell flows. It includes design trade-offs, specific design examples, and end-of-chapter exercises. Emphasis throughout is placed on practical techniques and real-world applications, making this ideal for circuit design students interested in alternative design styles and system-on-chip circuits, as well as circuit designers in industry who need new solutions to old problems.
A Multilevel Inverter Topology for Inductively Coupled Power Transfer (2006)

This paper describes a multilevel inverter that can synthesize quantized approximations of arbitrary ac waveforms. This converter could be used to deliver power over multiple frequencies simultaneously. Unlike traditional multilevel inverters, this topology does not require an external voltage balancing circuit, a complicated control scheme, or isolated dc sources to maintain its voltage levels while delivering sustained real power. In this paper, we use this circuit for heating frequency selectable induction targets designed to stimulate temperature sensitive polymer gel actuators. For this application our multilevel inverter offers higher efficiency than a pulse width modulated full-bridge inverter (a more conventional power supply solution) at comparable levels of total harmonic distortion
An Efficient Algorithm for Generating Maximal Interval Groups in Interval Databases (2004)

The development of efficient algorithms to enumerate all intervals that have certain properties has attracted a large amount of research efforts due to the important role of interval-based reasoning in different areas like rule-based systems, including Expert Systems (ESs), Information Distribution Systems (IDSs), and database systems to name a few. These algorithms are very crucial to answer certain queries about these intervals. This paper presents an efficient algorithm to generate all maximal interval groups form a given interval set.
Effect of Three Different Aloe vera Gel-Based Edible Coatings on the Quality of Fresh-Cut “Hayward” Kiwifruits (2020)

In recent years, the market for minimally processed fruit has increased. Fresh-cut fruits are characterized by a short shelf life due to the processing phases that accelerate the ripening courses. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect on the quality of fresh-cut Hayward kiwis of three different edible coatings based on (1) <i>Aloe vera</i> gel, (2) <i>Aloe vera</i> gel + hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and (3) <i>Aloe vera</i> gel + lemon essential oil. Fruit firmness, weight loss, color, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, microbial load and sensory analysis were evaluated as fresh after 2, 4, 7 and 10 days. <i>Aloe vera</i> gel and <i>Aloe vera</i> gel + lemon essential oil maintained the best values, as they acted as a barrier to gas exchange and further reduced the microbial load. These results were confirmed by sensory analysis: <i>Aloe vera</i> gel + hydroxypropyl methylcellulose does not alter the natural taste of kiwi slices, <i>Aloe vera</i> gel + lemon essential oil gives the characteristic taste of lemon essential oil and <i>Aloe vera</i> gel gives an herbaceous taste. The <i>Aloe vera</i> gel, in combination with these additives, maintains the ability to preserve the quality of fresh-cut kiwifruit.
The cone photoreceptor mosaic of the green sunfish,<i>Lepomis cyanellus</i> (1993)

Recent empirical and theoretical evidence has implicated the geometrical birefringence of the double cones of the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) as the biophysical basis of this vertebrate's sensitivity to polarized light. Because of the intimate link between the organization of the cone-photoreceptor mosaic and the psychophysical details of polarization sensitivity, we have examined the structural features of the green sunfish cone-photoreceptor mosaic, in particular the orientation of the elliptical cross sections of the double cones. Our primary observations are that (1) the arrangement of the cone-photoreceptor mosaic is constant across the retina (with two regional exceptions), with double cones arranged in a rhombic mosaic and aligned roughly +/- 45 deg to the nearest retinal margin; (2) the double-cone/single-cone ratio is everywhere the same; (3) cone density is inhomogeneous across the retina, with the highest densities in the temporal hemiretina. These results are discussed as they relate to the animal's retinal growth and visual mechanisms, particularly the sensitivity to polarized light.
Hybrid Power Generation Systems (2009)

The marine sector is a large part of the global transportation system. There is an increasing need for reducing emission to air and more energy efficient operation for the whole industry. This will have strong influence on the energy system on-board. All aspects from ship design, propulsion, machinery, power distribution and service have to be considered. In section II On-board distribution system is discussed. AC system is the common solution today, but DC distribution can give additional degrees of freedom for operation of the Engine & Generator Set. In section III Hybrid Power Generation System is presented. The structure chosen is dependent on the operation profile for the ship. In this section a hybrid solution with direct mounted shaft motor/generator is presented. Additional energy sources as fuel cells are introduced. In section IV Power management are discussed, while the requirement for Power electronics and machines are briefly discussed in section V.
AMG 925 Is a Dual FLT3/CDK4 Inhibitor with the Potential to Overcome FLT3 Inhibitor Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2014)

Resistance to FLT3 inhibitors is a serious clinical issue in treating acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). AMG 925, a dual FLT3/CDK4 inhibitor, has been developed to overcome this resistance. It is hypothesized that the combined inhibition of FLT3 and CDK4 may reduce occurrence of the FLT3 resistance mutations, and thereby prolong clinical responses. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to isolate AML cell clones resistant to AMG 925 or to FLT3 inhibitors. After a selection of over 8 months with AMG 925, we could only isolate partially resistant clones. No new mutations in FLT3 were found, but a 2- to 3-fold increase in total FLT3 protein was detected and believed to contribute to the partial resistance. In contrast, selection with the FLT3 inhibitors sorafenib or AC220 (Quizartinib), led to a resistance and the appearance of a number of mutations in FLT3 kinase domains, including the known hot spot sites D835 and F691. However, when AC220 was combined with the CDK4 inhibitor PD0332991 (palbociclib) at 0.1 μmol/L or higher, no resistance mutations were obtained, indicating that the CDK4-inhibiting activity of AMG 925 contributed to the failure to develop drug resistance. AMG 925 was shown to potently inhibit the FLT3 inhibitor-resistant mutation D835Y/V. This feature of AMG 925 was also considered to contribute to the lack of resistance mutations to the compound. Together, our data suggest that AMG 925 has the potential to reduce resistance mutations in FLT3 and may prolong clinical responses.
Towards discovering and understanding task hijacking in android (2015)

Android multitasking provides rich features to enhance user experience and offers great flexibility for app developers to promote app personalization. However, the security implication of Android multitasking remains under-investigated. With a systematic study of the complex tasks dynamics, we find design flaws of Android multitasking which make all recent versions of Android vulnerable to task hijacking attacks. We demonstrate proof-of-concept examples utilizing the task hijacking attack surface to implement UI spoofing, denial-of-service and user monitoring attacks. Attackers may steal login credentials, implement ransomware and spy on user's activities. We have collected and analyzed over 6.8 million apps from various Android markets. Our analysis shows that the task hijacking risk is prevalent. Since many apps depend on the current multitasking design, defeating task hijacking is not easy. We have notified the Android team about these issues and we discuss possible mitigation techniques in this paper.
A Miniature Head-Mounted Neurotechnique Two-Photon Microscope: High-Resolution Brain Imaging in Freely Moving Animals (2001)

Summary both the anesthetized and awake brain, is strong scattering of light by neural tissue. This problem is reduced Two-photon microscopy has enabled anatomical and in two-photon microscopy because of excitation with functional fluorescence imaging in the intact brain of near-infrared light. In addition, two-photon excitation is rats. Here, we extend two-photon imaging from anes- confined to the focal plane, permitting efficient fluoresthetized, head-stabilized to awake, freely moving ani- cence detection (Denk et al., 1995). Due to these propermals by using a miniaturized head-mounted micro- ties, two-photon microscopy has been the method of scope. Excitation light is conducted to the microscope choice for obtaining optical sections relatively deep in in a single-mode optical fiber, and images are scanned neural tissue; imaging depths of 0.5 mm have been using vibrations of the fiber tip. Microscope perfor- achieved in neocortex (Svoboda et al., 1997; Kleinfeld mance was first characterized in the neocortex of an- et al., 1998). As a second problem, there are brain pulsaesthetized rats. We readily obtained images of vascu- tions and movements, which cause motion artifacts and lature filled with fluorescently labeled blood and of prevent stable imaging. This problem is manageable layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons filled with a calcium indi- in anesthetized animals but is exacerbated in awake cator. Capillary blood flow and dendritic calcium tran- animals (Fee, 2000). Movement artifacts are expected sients were measured with high time resolution using to be especially severe in freely moving animals, with line scans. In awake, freely moving rats, stable imaging the question arising whether in unrestrained animals was possible except during sudden head movements. stable imaging on the cellular scale is possible at all. Imaging of dendritic activity has been possible in awake,
Effects of recycling on papermaking properties of mechanical and high yield pulps: Part I: Hardwood pulps. (1996)

Recycling characteristics of aspen mechanical and high-yield pulps, and a spruce thermomechanical pulp have been studied using usual laboratory procedures. The results indicate that the most obvious change in fiber properties occurs during the first drying cycle. The changes are irreversible. Subsequent rewetting-drying induces relatively little effect. Losses in water retention value and fiber bonding capacity are particularly evident. Aspen TMP seems to behave differently from that made from spruce. Aspen commercial pulps have their own unique properties. Repeated drying-rewetting of lignocellulosic fibers is a complex phenomenon and needs to be further examined. Application : this study provides information that had been lacking about the effects of laboratory recycling on hardwood mechanical and high-yield pulps.
Metal-free, hydroacylation of CC and NN bonds via aerobic C–H activation of aldehydes, and reaction of the products thereof (2013)

In this report, a thorough evaluation of the use of aerobically initiated, metal-free hydroacylation of various C=C and N=N acceptor molecules with a wide range of aldehydes is presented. The aerobic-activation conditions that have been developed are in sharp contrast to previous conditions for hydroacylation, which tend to use transition metals, peroxides that require thermal or photochemical degradation, or N-heterocyclic carbenes. The mildness of the conditions enables a number of reactions involving sensitive reaction partners and, perhaps most significantly, allows for α-functionalised chiral aldehydes to undergo radical-based hydroacylation with complete retention of optical purity. We also demonstrate how the resulting hydroacylation products can be transformed into other useful intermediates, such as γ-keto-sulfonamides, sultams, sultones, cyclic N-sulfonyl imines and amides.
Tetracaine Topical Anesthesia for Myringotomy (2001)

Topical tetracaine is efficacious and safe for use in office myringotomy.