gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen‐specific T cell receptor antagonism by antigen‐presenting cells treated with the hemolysin of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>: a novel type of immune escape (1997)

We have examined the influence of listeriolysin O (LLO), the hemolysin secreted by the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, on major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent T cell activation. Stimulation of T cells by native antigens but not by peptides is inhibited upon pretreatment of antigen-presenting cells (APC) with LLO. Experiments presented here reveal that this inhibition is not due to a lack in processing of antigen by APC but is the result of an irreversible inactivation of T cells that recognize antigen on LLO-treated APC. Incubation of mixtures of two different T cells where only one antigen was presented on LLO-treated APC suggested that T cell inactivation is antigen specific. The inactivation was dominant and could be observed even in the presence of amounts of synthetic peptides that normally lead to T cell responses. This condition is reminiscent of the T cell inhibition observed when antagonistic and stimulatory peptides are added to APC at the same time. Our results thus reveal a novel type of interference by pathogens with antigen presentation and T cell stimulation that could give the pathogen a decisive advantage in dissemination and disease.
Two‐dimensional reverse phase‐reverse phase chromatography: A simple and robust platform for sensitive quantitative analysis of peptides by LC/MS. Hardware design (2006)

We have revised current two-dimensional RP-RP approaches and developed a new robust 2-D RP-RP platform. This platform was implemented on an Agilent 1100 2-D liquid chromatography system and is based on high pressure switching between two high-resolution RP columns. An independent binary gradient was implemented for each dimension. The powerful combination of dual analytical columns with independent gradient elution achieves high analyte purity, effectively eliminates matrix effects, and maximizes MS sensitivity in Q1 SIM comparable to the sensitivity enhancements of MS/MS-based methods. Implementation of dual simultaneous gradient profiles (overlapped gradients) reduces 2-D method run-time to the scale of 1-D method run-times. This robust and sensitive approach is particularly suitable for hydrophobic peptides and small proteins and can be used as a routine standard technique for enhanced on-line peptide purification coupled with mass spectrometric detection.
CARs: Beyond T Cells and T Cell-Derived Signaling Domains (2020)

When optimizing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in terms of efficacy, safety, and broadening its application to new malignancies, there are two main clusters of topics to be addressed: the CAR design and the choice of transfected cells. The former focuses on the CAR construct itself. The utilized transmembrane and intracellular domains determine the signaling pathways induced by antigen binding and thereby the cell-specific effector functions triggered. The main part of this review summarizes our understanding of common signaling domains employed in CARs, their interactions among another, and their effects on different cell types. It will, moreover, highlight several less common extracellular and intracellular domains that might permit unique new opportunities. Different antibody-based extracellular antigen-binding domains have been pursued and optimized to strike a balance between specificity, affinity, and toxicity, but these have been reviewed elsewhere. The second cluster of topics is about the cellular vessels expressing the CAR. It is essential to understand the specific attributes of each cell type influencing anti-tumor efficacy, persistence, and safety, and how CAR cells crosstalk with each other and bystander cells. The first part of this review focuses on the progress achieved in adopting different leukocytes for CAR therapy.
Tuning the Behavior of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for Routers in Mobile and Wireless Networks (2012)

The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) are the protocols used by hosts and multicast routers to exchange their IP multicast group memberships with each other.This document describes ways to achieve IGMPv3 and MLDv2 protocol optimization for mobility and aims to become a guideline for the tuning of IGMPv3/MLDv2 Queries, timers, and counter values.
Demand estimation in lost sales inventory systems (1994)

This article considers the problem of estimating parameters of the demand distribution in lost sales inventory systems. In periods when lost sales occur demand is not observed; one knows only that demand is larger than sales. We assume that demands form a sequence of IID normal random variables, which could be a residual demand process after filtering out seasonality and promotional nonstationarities. We examine three estimators for the mean and standard deviation: maximum likelihood estimator, BLUE (best linear unbiased estimator), and a new estimator derived here. Extensive simulations are reported to compare the performance of the estimators for small and large samples and a variety of parameter settings. In addition, I show how all three estimators can be incorporated into sequential updating routines. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characterization of polycyclic aromatic compounds on surfaces using ion-beam-induced desorption and multiphoton resonance ionization (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of polycyclic aromatic compounds on surfaces using ion-beam-induced desorption and multiphoton resonance ionizationD. M. Hrubowchak, M. H. Ervin, and Nicholas. WinogradCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 3, 225–232Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00003a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00003a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrostatic quadrupole plasma mass spectrometer measurements during thin film depositions using simultaneous matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation and magnetron sputtering (2010)

A hybrid plasma deposition process, combining matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) of carbon nanopearls (CNPs) with magnetron sputtering of gold was investigated for growth of composite films, where 100 nm sized CNPs were encapsulated into a gold matrix. Composition and morphology of such composite films was characterized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Carbon deposits on a gold magnetron sputter target and carbon impurities in the gold matrices of deposited films were observed while codepositing from gold and frozen toluene-CNP MAPLE targets in pure argon. Electrostatic quadrupole plasma analysis was used to determine that a likely mechanism for generation of carbon impurities was a reaction between toluene vapor generated from the MAPLE target and the argon plasma originating from the magnetron sputtering process. Carbon impurities of codeposited films were significantly reduced by introducing argon-oxygen mixtures into the deposition chamber; reactive oxygen species such as O and O+ effectively removed carbon contamination of gold matrix during the codeposition processes. Increasing the oxygen to argon ratio decreased the magnetron target sputter rate, and hence hybrid process optimization to prevent gold matrix contamination and maintain a high sputter yield is needed. High resolution TEM with energy dispersive spectrometry elemental mapping was used to study carbon distribution throughout the gold matrix as well as embedded CNP clusters. This research has demonstrated that a hybrid MAPLE and magnetron sputtering codeposition process is a viable means for synthesis of composite thin films from premanufactured nanoscale constituents, and that cross-process contaminations can be overcome with understanding of hybrid plasma process interaction mechanisms.
Electrical properties of MOSFET's with N/sub 2/O-nitrided LPCVD SiO/sub 2/ gate dielectrics (1992)

Electrical properties of MOSFETs with gate dielectrics of low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited (LPCVD) SiO/sub 2/ nitrided in N/sub 2/O ambient are compared to those with control thermal gate oxide. N/sub 2/O nitridation of CVD oxide, combines the advantages of interfacial oxynitride growth and the defectless nature of CVD oxide. As a result, devices with N/sub 2/O-nitrided CVD oxide show considerably enhanced performance (higher effective electron mobility), improved reliability (reduced charge trapping, interface state generation, and transconductance degradation), and better time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) properties (t/sub BD/) compared to devices with control thermal oxide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A COMPARISON OF <i>IN VIVO</i> AND <i>IN VITRO</i> TESTING OF SUNSCREENING FORMULAS (1979)

Abstract— Seven commercially available sunscreens were compared by three different methods. Absorbance spectra were measured for each product in isopropanol solution and also on hairless mouse epidermis. In vivo tests were performed on human volunteers using a Xe arc solar simulator. Sun Protection Factors (SPF) were calculated by each method for each product tested and the results compared. By all methods used, the combination of 7% octyl dimethyl para‐aminobenzoic acid and 3% oxybenzone provided the most protection from U.V. light. While estimates of the effectiveness of all products were much too high when calculated by the isopropanol solution method, the hairless mouse epidermis technique seems to be an accurate tool for predicting product efficacy in vivo .
Influence of Post Curing Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Stereolithographic Photopolymers (2018)

Post cure methods have always been a critical issue for most of the currently used\nstereolithography photopolymers. Different post cure conditions can be used to enhance the\nmechanical and physical properties of the stereolithography models. To better understand the\ninfluence of post cure conditions on these material properties, an experimental study evaluating\nvarious post cure conditions has been conducted. Ultra-violet, thermal and ultra-sound post\ncuring techniques are investigated and a comparative study is made for one epoxy based\nphotopolymer - Somos™ 6100. Similar results should be attainable for other epoxy based\nphotopolymers.
Proinflammatory effects of interleukin 1 in the rat air pouch. (1989)

We have utilized the 6-day air-pouch model in rats to study the local tissue response to interleukin-1 exposure. Injection of either recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) or interleukin 1 beta (rIL-1 beta) directly into preformed air pouches caused a 10- to 100-fold increase in the number of white blood cells present within the pouch. On a weight basis, rIL-1 beta was more active than rIL-1 alpha. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) represented the majority of cells entering the pouch following either a single injection or repeated daily injections of rIL-1 alpha or rIL-1 beta. Significant increases in the number of mononuclear cells present were observed only following repeated injections. Repeated injections of rIL-1 beta, but not rIL-1 alpha, also caused the accumulation of large amounts of fluid within preformed pouches and a grossly apparent thickening of the connective-tissue lining of the pouch. Microscopic examination of stained sections of pouch lining tissue indicated a proliferation of the connective-tissue elements of the lining and deposition of large quantities of extracellular collagen within the pouch wall. These findings are entirely consistent with a role for interleukin 1 in the development and perpetuation of inflammatory reactions.
Development of Automated System for Facilitating the Movement of Differently Abled Persons (2021)

There are numbers of people who suffer from partial paralysis (paresis) or other neurological strokes. The proposed work mainly focuses on physical therapy to improve the level of mobility of stroke victims. For helping neurologically damaged patients during therapy, an upper limb robotic orthotic is developed. The system consists of four servo motors which are used for pattern generation for the four fingers with a crank-shaft mechanism attached, which converts their rotational motion into linear motion. The purpose of this motion is to reduce spasticity, paresis, and muscular tone by promoting early movement of the hand after suffering a stroke or other neurological conditions, and to encourage neuroplastic changes in the brain, by creating new connections between functional neurons to control affected limbs. The automated control is performed with the help of Proteus software and Arduino based system. The unique system is proposed to help the patient to for performing and practicing their therapy program. The proposed work aims to develop a low cost and time efficient solution for the finger rehabilitation. In proposed system using Arduino servo motors are operated and that servo motor rotates the crank shaft. When crank shaft moves up and down the exercise of fingers will be done. The 4 buttons will operate 4 servo motors in various predefined manner like first button will operate only one motor so exercise of only one finger will done and same manner second will for two, third button for three fingers and forth button for exercise of four motors.
<i>IN VITRO</i> AND <i>IN VIVO</i> BIOCOMPATIBILITY STUDIES OF <font>ZNO</font> NANOPARTICLES (2009)

The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated using cell model and animal model, by MTT assay, flow cell cytometry, pathological optical and electron microscopy examinations. Both the L929 cell and Hela cell proliferative activity were strongly inhibited by the presence of ZnO nanoparticles, no matter cultured with low dose and high dose suspension. AnnexinV-FITC/PI-FCM assay showed that the number of necrotic cell and apoptotic cell increased significantly. Feeding the ZnO nanoparticle suspension through digestive tract would lead to the damage to some primary organs (heart, lung, liver and kidney). Further investigation by TEM showed the expanded sarcoplasmic reticulum and organelle vacuolation features.
Preclinical evaluation of a biobetter candidate: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GX‐G3 in healthy and neutropenia‐induced rats (2019)

Neutropenia is a condition of an abnormally low number of neutrophils which render patients more susceptible to infections, especially to bacterial infections, as the condition may become life threatening and deadly without prompt medical attention. Various factors such as, anticancer drugs, radiotherapy, infectious diseases, congenital defects, or vitamin B12/B9 deficiency can trigger neutropenia. GX-G3, a human hybrid (hy) Fc-fused granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), was developed as next-generation G-CSF for the treatment of cancer therapy-induced neutropenia. In this study, with the aim of investigating this promising potential next-generation G-CSF, comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in healthy and neutropenia-induced rats. It was found that t<sub>1/2</sub> of GX-G3 is longer than same mass injection of filgrastim and pegfilgrastim and AUEC<sub>last</sub> (area under theeffect-time curve from time zero to the last measurable ANC level) of absolute neutrophil count showed a significant increase after GX-G3 injection compared with filgrastim and pegfilgrastim in healthy rats. Besides, in duration of neutropenia after the same mass injection GX-G3 showed about 3.3 days of reduction effect compared with that of filgrastim, and 1.3 days of reduction effect compared with that of pegfilgrastim in neutropenia-induced rats. These results demonstrate that the half-life of GX-G3 is longer than pegfilgrastim and GX-G3 is more effective than filgrastim and pegfilgrastim in neutropenia-induced rats.
Conic Section Function Neural Network Circuitry for Offline Signature Recognition (2010)

In this brief, conic section function neural network (CSFNN) circuitry was designed for offline signature recognition. CSFNN is a unified framework for multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) networks to make simultaneous use of advantages of both. The CSFNN circuitry architecture was developed using a mixed mode circuit implementation. The designed circuit system is problem independent. Hence, the general purpose neural network circuit system could be applied to various pattern recognition problems with different network sizes on condition with the maximum network size of 16-16-8. In this brief, CSFNN circuitry system has been applied to two different signature recognition problems. CSFNN circuitry was trained with chip-in-the-loop learning technique in order to compensate typical analog process variations. CSFNN hardware achieved highly comparable computational performances with CSFNN software for nonlinear signature recognition problems.
Elastin-Like Polypeptide Based Hydroxyapatite Bionanocomposites (2011)

In nature, organic matrix macromolecules play a critical role in enhancing the mechanical properties of biomineralized composites such as bone and teeth. Designing artificial matrix analogues is promising but challenging because relatively little is known about how natural matrix components function. Therefore, in lieu of using natural components, we created biomimetic matrices using genetically engineered elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) and then used them to construct mechanically robust ELP-hydroxyapatite (HAP) composites. ELPs were engineered with well-defined backbone charge distributions by periodic incorporation of negative, positive, or neutral side chains or with HAP-binding octaglutamic acid motifs at one or both protein termini. ELPs exhibited sequence-specific capacities to interact with ions, bind HAP, and disperse HAP nanoparticles. HAP-binding ELPs were incorporated into calcium phosphate cements, resulting in materials with improved mechanical strength, injectability, and antiwashout properties. The results demonstrate that rational design of genetically engineered polymers is a powerful system for determining sequence-property relationships and for improving the properties of organic-inorganic composites. Our approach may be used to further develop novel, multifunctional bone cements and expanded to the design of other advanced composites.
Exercise Training Combined with Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 Supplementation Improves Exercise Physiological Adaption and Performance (2020)

Probiotics exert multiple health benefits, including gastrointestinal health, immunoregulation, and metabolic disease improvement, by modulating microbiota to maintain eubiosis via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and brain-gut-microbiome axes. Physiological fatigue, mental stress, and gastrointestinal discomfort under the demands of athletic performance as well as immunosuppression are common during endurance training and competition. Limited studies investigated the functional effects of probiotic supplementation on endurance training. <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>Longum</i> OLP-01 (OLP-01), isolated from an elite Olympic athlete, was combined with a six-week exercise training program with gradually increasing intensity. In this study, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were assigned to sedentary, exercise, OLP-01, or exercise + OLP-01 groups and administered probiotic and/or treadmill exercise training for six weeks to assess exercise performance, physiological adaption, and related metabolites. The exercise + OLP-01 group demonstrated higher performance in terms of endurance and grip strength, as well as improved fatigue-associated indexes (lactate, ammonia, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glycogen content), compared with the other groups. OLP-01 supplementation significantly ameliorated inflammation and injury indexes (platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), aminotransferase (AST), and CK) caused by prolonged endurance exercise test. Moreover, acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels were significantly higher in the exercise + OLP-01 group than in the sedentary and OLP-01 groups. Athletes often experience psychological and physiological stress caused by programed intensive exercise, competition, and off-site training, often leading to poor exercise performance and gastrointestinal issues. Functional OLP-01 probiotics are considered to be a nutritional strategy for improving physiological adaption, oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy balance to ensure high physical performance. Based on these results, probiotics combined with exercise training is a potential strategy for ensuring high physical performance of athletes, which should be further investigated through microbiota validation.
Delivering marketing expertise to the front lines (1994)

The needs of customers and business often coincide, but never so readily as when customer service representatives have knowledge about products and services at their fingertips-and never so effectively as when that knowledge is tailored to the needs of each client. This is the idea behind CSR Advisor, an expert system application we developed at AGT, a Canadian telecommunications company. The program integrates marketing expertise into the order entry process, putting it on the frontlines with customer service representatives. By encoding the knowledge of experienced marketers into CSR Advisor, we make marketing expertise available to CSRs as they create new accounts or make changes in existing ones for residential and small business customers. With CSR advisor integrated into the order entry process, customer service representatives can draw on a store of marketing expertise as they create new accounts or make changes in existing ones for residential and small business customers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chenodeoxycholic acid significantly impacts the expression of miRNAs and genes involved in lipid, bile acid and drug metabolism in human hepatocytes (2016)

Bile acids significantly modulate metabolic and drug associated gene networks that are connected to distinct shifts in the microRNAome These findings give novel insights on how BA enfold metabolic and system toxic effects.
Ultra-programmable buckling-driven soft cellular mechanisms (2019)

We harnessed buckling which was once considered the epitome of design failure to develop mechanical metamaterials for soft robotic applications.