gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future execution (2006)

This paper describes future execution (FE), a simple hardware-only technique to accelerate individual program threads running on multicore microprocessors. Our approach uses available idle cores to prefetch important data for the threads executing on the active cores. FE is based on the observation that many cache misses are caused by loads that execute repeatedly and whose address-generating program slices do not change (much) between consecutive executions. To exploit this property, FE dynamically creates a prefetching thread for each active core by simply sending a copy of all committed, register-writing instructions to an otherwise idle core. The key innovation is that on the way to the second core, a value predictor replaces each predictable instruction in the prefetching thread with a load immediate instruction, where the immediate is the predicted result that the instruction is likely to produce during its n th next dynamic execution. Executing this modified instruction stream (i.e., the prefetching thread) on another core allows to compute the future results of the instructions that are not directly predictable, issue prefetches into the shared memory hierarchy, and thus reduce the primary threads' memory access time. We demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of future execution by performing cycle-accurate simulations of a two-way CMP running the single-threaded SPECcpu2000 benchmark suite. Our mechanism improves program performance by 12%, on average, over a baseline that already includes an optimized hardware stream prefetcher. We further show that FE is complementary to runahead execution and that the combination of these two techniques raises the average speedup to 20% above the performance of the baseline processor with the aggressive stream prefetcher.
Room temperature continuous wave InGaAsN quantumwellvertical-cavity lasers emitting at 1.3 µm (2000)

Selectively oxidised vertical-cavity lasers emitting at 1294 nm using InGaAsN/GaAs quantum wells which exhibit continuous wave operation at and above room temperature are reported for the first time. The lasers employ two n-type Al0.94Ga0.06As/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors each with a selectively oxidised current aperture adjacent to the optical cavity, and the top output mirror contains a tunnel junction to inject holes into the active region. Continuous wave singlemode lasing is observed up to 55°C. These lasers exhibit the longest wavelength reported to date for vertical-cavity surface lasers grown on GaAs substrates.
A system for LEASE: Location estimation assisted by stationary emitters for indoor RF wireless networks (2004)

We present LEASE, a new system and framework for location estimation assisted by stationary emitters for indoor RF wireless networks. Unlike previous studies, we emphasize the deployment aspect of location estimation engines. Motivated thus, we present an adaptable infrastructure-based system that uses a small number of stationary emitters (SEs) and sniffers employed in a novel way to locate standard wireless clients in an enterprise. We present the components of the system and its architecture, and new non-parametric techniques for location estimation that work with a small number of SEs. Our techniques for location estimation can also be used in a client-based deployment. We present experimental results of using our techniques at two sites demonstrating the ability to perform location estimation with good accuracy in our new adaptable framework.
Feedforward control of data rate in wireless networks (2002)

This paper develops a feedforward approach to data-rate control in wireless networks. The development is based on designing an optimal but noncausal controller and its subsequent modification, which leads to a causal implementable suboptimal controller driven by an estimate of the bit-error probability. It is shown that this controller results in a minimum of 5%-85% increase in average throughput without additional power utilization, as compared with fixed data rate operation.
Graph-based functional test program generation for pipelined processors (2004)

Functional verification is widely acknowledged as a major bottleneck in microprocessor design. While early work on specification driven functional test program generation has proposed several promising ideas, many challenges remain in applying them to realistic embedded processors. We present a graph coverage based functional test program generation approach for pipelined processors. The proposed methodology makes three important contributions. First, it automatically generates the graph model of the pipelined processor from the specification using functional abstraction. Second, it generates functional test programs based on the coverage of the pipeline behaviour. Finally, the test generation time is drastically reduced due to the use of module level property checking. We applied this methodology on the DLX processor to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
Accurate models for spiral resonators (2012)

Analytically-based circuit models for two types of spiral resonators, a single layer and a double layer spiral, are given. The models are suitable for various spiral and wire cross-sectional shapes. The double layer spiral is composed of two identical spirals of opposite winding in which the inner or outer leads may or may not be connected, such as through a via. For both types, the model can account for the effect of a dielectric slab. The advantage of these models to previous circuit models is shown through their comparison to experimental measurements and numerical simulations.
Dual Ion Beam Deposition Of Diamond Films On Optical Elements (1990)

Diamond film deposition processes are of great interest because of their potential use for the formation of both protective as well as anti-reflective coatings on the surfaces of optical elements. Conventional plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition diamond coating processes are not ideal for use on optical components because of the high processing temperatures required, and difficulties faced in nucleating films on most optical substrate materials. A unique dual ion beam deposition technique has been developed which now makes possible deposition of diamond films on a wide variety of optical elements. The new DIOND process operates at temperatures below 150 aegrees Farenheit, and has been used to nucleate and grow both diamondlike carbon and diamond films on a wide variety of optical :taterials including borosilicate glass, quartz glass, plastic, ZnS, ZnSe, Si, and Ge.
1993 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM Improved Linear Ion Trap Physics Package (1993)

This article describes an improvement in the architecture of the physics package used in the Linear Ion Trap (LIT) based frequency standard recently developed at JPL. This new design is based on the observation that ions can be moved along the axis of an LIT by applied dc voltages. The state selection/interrogation region can be separated from the more critical nlicrowave resonance region where the multiplied local oscillator (LO) signal is compared to the stable atomic transition. This separation relaxes many of the design constraints of the present units. Improvements include increased frequency stability, and a substantial reduction in size, mass and cost of the final frequency standard.
A Monoclonal Antibody That Discriminates Strains of Citrus Tristeza Virus (1990)

(...) Discrimination of CTV isolates by CTV-MCA13 was similar in indirect ELISA with plate-trapped antigen and in double antibody sandwich indirect ELISA with antigen trapped on polyclonal antibody-coated plates. Results of immunoelectron microscopy suggest that CTV-MCA13 may react to a cryptic epitope on the viral coat protein. The monoclonal antibody is an IgG2a immunoglobin and did not react to extracts of healthy citrus or citrus infected with other viruses
High-speed readout using small near-field optical head module with horizontal light introduction through optical fiber (2003)

Near-field optics, a super-resolution technique, is expected for optical data storage with high recording density (E. Betzig et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 61, p. 142, 1992; S. Hosaka et al, Nanotechnology vol. 8, p. A58, 1997). Recently, near- field optical heads using sliders, which can keep the distance between an aperture and a medium surface in proximity, were proposed, and reading from 110-250 nm pattern at the speed of 1.5-7.5 MHz was demonstrated (H. Yoshikawa et al., Opt. Lett. vol. 25, p. 67, 2000; F. Issiki et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 76, p. 804, 2000; K.T. Yatsui et al., Opt. Lett. vol. 25, p. 1279, 2000). These optical heads use an objective lens above sliders separately, to introduce the focused light to the aperture. However, this large light introduction using the objective lens leads optical heads with actuators to be large. From this perspective, we had proposed a small near-field optical head module with miniaturized light introduction (K. Kato et al., Tech. Dig. ISOM2000, p. 188, 2000). In this paper, we fabricated the proposed optical head module with air-bearing surface, and high speed reading from 200 nm chromium pattern formed on an SiO/sub 2/ disk medium was demonstrated.
Design and Synthesis of mGlu<sub>2</sub>NAMs with Improved Potency and CNS Penetration Based on a Truncated Picolinamide Core (2017)

Herein, we detail the optimization of the mGlu<sub>2</sub> negative allosteric modulator (NAM), VU6001192, by a reductionist approach to afford a novel, simplified mGlu<sub>2</sub> NAM scaffold. This new chemotype not only affords potent and selective mGlu<sub>2</sub> inhibition, as exemplified by VU6001966 (mGlu<sub>2</sub> IC<sub>50</sub> = 78 nM, mGlu<sub>3</sub> IC<sub>50</sub> > 30 μM), but also excellent central nervous system (CNS) penetration (<i>K</i><sub>p</sub> = 1.9, <i>K</i><sub>p,uu</sub> = 0.78), a feature devoid in all previously disclosed mGlu<sub>2</sub> NAMs (<i>K</i><sub>p</sub>s ≈ 0.3, <i>K</i><sub>p,uu</sub>s ≈ 0.1). Moreover, this series, based on overall properties, represents an exciting lead series for potential mGlu<sub>2</sub> PET tracer development.
A Concise, Efficient and Scalable Total Synthesis of Thapsigargin and Nortrilobolide from (<i>R</i>)-(−)-Carvone (2017)

A concise, efficient and scalable synthesis of thapsigargin and nortrilobolide from commercially available (R)-(-)-carvone was developed. Our synthetic strategy is inspired by nature's carbon-carbon bond formation sequence, which facilitates the construction of a highly functionalized sesquiterpene lactone skeleton in five steps via an enantioselective ketone alkylation and a diastereoselective pinacol cyclization. We envision that this strategy will permit the construction of other members of the family, structural analogs and provide a practical synthetic route to these important bioactive agents. In addition, we anticipate that the prodrug Mipsagargin, which is currently in late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, will also be accessible via this strategy. Hence, the limited availability from natural sources, coupled with an estimated demand of one metric ton per annum for the prodrug, provides a compelling mandate to develop practical total syntheses of these agents.
Characterization of a Novel α-Conotoxin TxID from<i>Conus textile</i>That Potently Blocks Rat α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2013)

The α3β4 nAChRs are implicated in pain sensation in the PNS and addiction to nicotine in the CNS. We identified an α-4/6-conotoxin (CTx) TxID from Conus textile. The new toxin consists of 15 amino acid residues with two disulfide bonds. TxID was synthesized using solid phase methods, and the synthetic peptide was functionally tested on nAChRs heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. TxID blocked rat α3β4 nAChRs with a 12.5 nM IC50, which places it among the most potent α3β4 nAChR antagonists. TxID also blocked the closely related α6/α3β4 with a 94 nM IC50 but showed little activity on other nAChR subtypes. NMR analysis showed that two major structural isomers exist in solution, one of which adopts a regular α-CTx fold but with different surface charge distribution to other 4/6 family members. α-CTx TxID is a novel tool with which to probe the structure and function of α3β4 nAChRs.
Preparation and piezoelectric properties of CeO<sub>2</sub>-added (Na<sub>0.475</sub>K<sub>0.475</sub>Li<sub>0.05</sub>) (Nb<sub>0.92</sub>Ta<sub>0.05</sub>Sb<sub>0.03</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>lead-free ceramics (2008)

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (Na0.475K 0.475Li0.05)(Nb0.92Ta0.05Sb 0.03)O3 containing different amounts of CeO2 have been prepared by a conventional mixed-oxide method. After the addition of CeO2, the sintering performance of the ceramics is improved. The ceramics can be well sintered at a higher temperature. The ceramics become dense and have better dielectric and piezoelectric properties. For the ceramic added with 0.4 wt% CeO2, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties become optimum, giving a piezoelectric coefficient of 246 pC N-1 and a planar-mode electromechanical coupling coefficient of 0.50.
Discovery of (1 <i>R</i> ,5 <i>S</i> )- <i>N</i> -[3-Amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl]- 3-[2( <i>S</i> )-[[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl]- 6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2( <i>S</i> )-carboxamide (SCH 503034), a Selective, Potent, Orally Bioavailable Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Inhibitor:  A Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Infection (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the major cause of chronic liver disease, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which affects more than 170 million people worldwide. Currently the only therapeutic regimens are subcutaneous interferon-alpha or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-interferon-alpha alone or in combination with oral ribavirin. Although combination therapy is reasonably successful with the majority of genotypes, its efficacy against the predominant genotype (genotype 1) is moderate at best, with only about 40% of the patients showing sustained virological response. Herein, the SAR leading to the discovery of 70 (SCH 503034), a novel, potent, selective, orally bioavailable NS3 protease inhibitor that has been advanced to clinical trials in human beings for the treatment of hepatitis C viral infections is described. X-ray structure of inhibitor 70 complexed with the NS3 protease and biological data are also discussed.
Hybrid Silica/Polymer Aerogels Dried at Ambient Pressure (2007)

A novel sol−gel route was developed to prepare monolithic hybrid silica/polymer aerogels, stable under atmospheric conditions and suitable for machining. The synthesis of the hybrid wet gels followed a two-step hydrolysis/polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane with excess water, in 2-propanol. Cohydrolysis with trimethoxysilyl-modified poly(butyl metacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) cross-linked nanoparticles (average diameter of 94 nm) was carried out. Different alcogels were prepared varying the hydrolysis and condensation catalysis conditions and the polymer content (0−50% in weight). The aged alcogels were subcritically dried in a quasi-saturated solvent atmosphere. The resulting xerogels were characterized by dry-flow pycnometry, nitrogen adsorption−desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), and their mechanical properties were evaluated by unidirectional compression tests. The hybrid aerogels show improved mechanical properties with respect to the corresponding inorganic aerogel (much higher energy is stored until fracture), without loss of structure or porosity. The hybrid aerogels' properties are not monotonously dependent on the polymer content: the lowest density (357 kg·m-3) is achieved for 3 wt %, the corresponding porosity being 83%, the specific surface area 766 m2·g-1, and the average mesopore diameter 11.5 nm. This is also the most stable aerogel and the one with the best mechanical properties.
Real time simulation of measured radio channels (2003)

Recent advancements in radio channel measuring and simulation/emulation technologies have enabled the simulation of recorded radio channel data in real time simulators. The paper presents and compares different methods to simplify radio channel measurement data for channel simulation purposes. Different processing methods are compared by utilizing an air interface evaluation platform. The platform consists of SW radio units, a multichannel simulator and graphical user interface. BER results show that too optimistic results are obtained if only simple standardized models are utilized.
IRSUM: inter-frame registration based non-uniformity correction using spatio-temporal update mask (2018)

We propose a novel scene-based non-uniformity correction method to achieve better fixed-pattern noise reduction and eliminate ghosting artifacts. Our approach is based on robust parameter updates via inter-frame registration and spatio-temporally consistent correction coefficients. We utilized a GMM-based spatio-temporal update mask to selectively refine the estimations of correction coefficients. The results of our experiments on an extensive dataset consisting of both synthetically corrupted data and real infrared videos show that the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in PSNR and roughness metrics with notably lower ghosting artifacts when compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Method for Evaluating Reliance Level of a Virtual Metrology System (2007)

A method for evaluating reliance level of a virtual metrology system (VMS) is proposed. This method calculates a reliance index (RI) value between 0 and 1 by analyzing the process data of production equipment to decide if the virtual metrology result is reliable. A RI threshold is also defined in this method. If a RI value is higher than the threshold, the conjecture result is reliant; otherwise, the conjecture result needs to be further examined. In addition to the RI, the method also proposes process data similarity indices (SIs). The SIs are defined to evaluate the degree of similarity between the input set of process data and those historical sets of process data used to establish the conjecture model. Two kinds of SIs are included in the method: global similarity index (GSI) and individual similarity index (ISI). Both the GSI and ISI are applied to assist the RI in gauging the reliance level and locating the key parameter(s) that cause major deviation, hence the VMS manufacturability problem is resolved. An illustrative example with 300-mm semiconductor foundry production equipment in Taiwan is demonstrated in this work. The real experimental results show that this method is applicable to the VMS of (such as semiconductor and TFT-LCD) production equipment.
Tissue segmentation and classification using graph-based unsupervised clustering (2012)

Automated segmentation and quantification of cellular and subcellular components in multiplexed images has allowed for a combination of both spatial and protein expression information to become available for analysis. However, performing analyses across multiple patients and tissue types continues to be a challenge, as well as the greater challenge of tissue classification itself. We propose a model of tissues as interconnected networks of epithelial cells whose connectivity is determined by their size, specific expression levels, and proximity to other cells. These Biomarker Enhanced Tissue Networks (BETN) reflect both the individual nature of the cells and the complex cell to cell relationships within the tissue. Performing a simple analysis of such tissue networks managed to successfully classify epithelial cells from stromal cells across multiple patients and tissue types. Further experiments show that significant information about the structure and nature of tissues can also be extracted through analysis of the networks, which will hopefully move towards the eventual goal of true tissue classification.
Maximum likelihood discriminant feature spaces (2002)

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is known to be inappropriate for the case of classes with unequal sample covariances. There has been an interest in generalizing LDA to heteroscedastic discriminant analysis (HDA) by removing the equal within-class covariance constraint. This paper presents a new approach to HDA by defining an objective function which maximizes the class discrimination in the projected subspace while ignoring the rejected dimensions. Moreover, we investigate the link between discrimination and the likelihood of the projected samples and show that HDA can be viewed as a constrained ML projection for a full covariance Gaussian model, the constraint being given by the maximization of the projected between-class scatter volume. It is shown that, under diagonal covariance Gaussian modeling constraints, applying a diagonalizing linear transformation (MLLT) to the HDA space results in increased classification accuracy even though HDA alone actually degrades the recognition performance. Experiments performed on the Switchboard and Voicemail databases show a 10%-13% relative improvement in the word error rate over standard cepstral processing.
Migration of surface seismic data with VSP Green's functions (2007)

Seismic migration is the process by which wavefields recorded on or near the surface are mapped back into the subsurface to form an image of the subsurface structure. Common to all current migration methods is that they rely on a model of the subsurface for computing Green's functions. These computed Green's functions are approximations of the true Green's function in the subsurface. The more accurate the method used for computing the Green's functions, and to some extent also the choice of imaging condition, the better image we will get. Most state-of-the-art migration methods will use Green's functions that include multiple arrivals and some finite-frequency effects, allowing them to image fairly complex geologic structures. However, the computational model in most cases uses only scalar velocity that is smooth on a wavelength scale, thus ignoring scattering effects from small-scale structure, anisotropy, and other intrinsic rock effects. Further, whatever the model is, it has to be derived from the data itself or some other form of remote measurement of velocity in the subsurface. At the very best, this will be a nonunique solution to an inverse problem based on the data. Commonly, much more crude approximations are used; for example, only trying to match the predicted first arrivals to the observed first arrivals.
Online Diagnosis for Transformer Winding Deformation Based on Information Entropy and SVM (2019)

Transformer winding may be deformed after suffering short circuit, which brings hidden danger to the operation and control of power system. Existing offline diagnosis methods for winding deformation not only reduce operation efficiency but also impact residents' life. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of winding deformation diagnosis, an intelligent online diagnosis method for winding deformation based on information entropy and support vector machine is proposed. This method uses permutation entropy, wavelet energy entropy, and expert knowledge to extract the fault feature from online monitoring signals and then uses support vector machine to learn the diagnosis rules from the fault features, thereby reducing the labor cost and improving the diagnosis efficiency. In the experiment part, the real operation data of 29 transformers is used to train and test the online winding deformation diagnosis model. The results show that the diagnosis accuracy of whether the transformer has been deformed is 93.10%, and the diagnosis accuracy of the deformation position is 88.89%, which proves its validity and practicability.