gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Adapted Whole-Blood Interferon-γ Release Assays for the Diagnosis of Pleural Tuberculosis (2008)

The ex vivo pleural fluid interferon-gamma level is an accurate marker for the diagnosis of pleural TB, and the QuantiFERON TB Gold assay performed with peripheral blood or adapted for pleural fluid cells does not add diagnostic value.
Magnesium Metabolism (1988)

† Magnesium (Mg++) is a ubiquitous element in nature, playing a role in photosynthesis and many metabolic functions in humans. All enzymatic reactions that involve adenosine triphosphate have an absolute requirement for Mg++. Levels of Mg++ are controlled by the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract and appear closely linked to calcium, potassium, and sodium metabolism. The clinical manifestations and causes of abnormal Mg++ status are protean. Testing for altered Mg++ homeostasis is problematic. Serum levels, which are those generally measured, reflect only a small part of the total body content of Mg++. The intracellular content can be low, despite normal serum levels in a person with clinical Mg++ deficiency. Future directions in research related to intracellular content of Mg++ are discussed. Treatment of altered Mg++ status depends on the clinical setting and may include the addition of a potassium/Mg++ —sparing drug to an existing diuretic regimen. Guidelines for therapy are given. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1988;148:2415-2420)
Confidence estimation in Deep Neural networks via density modelling (2017)

State-of-the-art Deep Neural Networks can be easily fooled into providing incorrect high-confidence predictions for images with small amounts of adversarial noise. Does this expose a flaw with deep neural networks, or do we simply need a better way to estimate confidence? In this paper we consider the problem of accurately estimating predictive confidence. We formulate this problem as that of density modelling, and show how traditional methods such as softmax produce poor estimates. To address this issue, we propose a novel confidence measure based on density modelling approaches. We test these measures on images distorted by blur, JPEG compression, random noise and adversarial noise. Experiments show that our confidence measure consistently shows reduced confidence scores in the presence of such distortions - a property which softmax often lacks.
Enzymes involved in the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate and the by-products dihydroxyacetone and glycerol in Zymomonas mobilis (1994)

In Zymomonas mobilis a novel pathway for the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate was identified by enzymatic studies and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This pathway branches off from the Entner-Doudoroff pathway at the intermediate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and proceedes via dihydroxyacetone phosphate, dihydroxyacetone, glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate. The reaction sequence is catalyzed by the enzymes triosephosphate isomerase (0.4 U (mg protein)−1), dihydroxyacetone phosphatase (0.31 U (mg protein)−1), dihydroxyacetone reductase (0.25 U (mg protein)−1), and glycerokinase (0.08 mU (mg protein)−1), respectively. The action of a postulated aldolase catalyzing the cleavage of fructose 6-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate could be excluded.
Novel anti-denatured collagen humanized antibody D93 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth: An extracellular matrix-based therapeutic approach (2006)

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) secreted by both tumor and endothelial cells proteolytically degrade collagen during tumor growth and neo-vascularization. This exposes cryptic binding sites on collagen with functional relevance for angiogenesis. In this report, we characterized a novel humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody, D93. After humanization, the antibody retained the binding specificity of the parental murine IgM antibody for denatured (dn) collagen. D93 recognized dn-collagen but not native (nat) collagen of different species, including mouse, chicken, and human, indicating that its cryptic binding site(s) is conserved across species. In immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies, D93 stained the basement membrane of blood vessels in several xenograft human tumors or in surgically removed tumor tissues from patients with different types of malignancies. D93 staining was rarely or not present in normal blood vessels of healthy tissues. In in vivo experiments, D93 significantly inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the tumor growth of pre-established orthotopic human breast (MDA-MB-435) tumors in mice. D93 i.v. administered in mice was subsequently detected in the subendothelial basement membrane of tumor blood vessels but not blood vessels of normal tissues. Inhibition of growth of pre-established orthotopic human breast MDA-MB-435 tumors was more effective when D93 was combined with Taxol, than either treatment alone. In addition, tumors from animals treated with D93 and/or Taxol showed significantly reduced levels of the endothelial cell-marker CD31. Our data suggest that blockade of cryptic epitopes exposed on collagen IV during angiogenesis and tumor growth by a monoclonal antibody may provide a novel therapeutic modality for treatment of cancer and pathogenic neo-vascularization.
Magneto-resistance Effect of Sn-doped InSb Single Crystal Thin Films and Application to Rotation Detection (2006)

Using Sn-doped single crystal InSb thin films of 1.0μm thickness grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), we have developed new magneto-resistance (MR) elements with very small temperature dependence. These MR elements was used to form rotation detection sensors combined with bias magnet, and we can achieve the stable contactless detection of rotating gear teeth over a wide range of rotation speeds and a wide range of temperatures-20 to 140°C.
A Missense Mutation in the Coiled-Coil Domain of the KIF5A Gene and Late-Onset Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (2006)

This finding enlarges the phenotypic spectrum of ADHSP linked to KIF5A and enhances the role of that gene in the epidemiology of this disease. We propose that the KIF5A gene should be routinely analyzed in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia negative for spastin and atlastin mutations.
Sugar-beet seed advancement to increase establishment and decrease bolting (1988)

Summary Experiments with seed advancement and devernalization identified treatments which both increased rate of emergence and establishment and decreased bolting. Treatment temperature and duration were more critical for devernalization than for improving establishment. Exposing seeds to 15 °C for 6 days (at restricted moisture availability to prevent premature germination) sometimes promoted slight devernalization but sometimes enhanced bolting; 20 °C for 3 days had little effect whereas 20 °C for 6 days was moderately effective. The best treatment for both improving establishment and decreasing bolting was to steep the seed in water for 3 h at 25 °C, dry it to between 115 and 120% of its original air-dry weight, store it for 4 days at 25 °C and then air dry. Results in 1985 showed that the improvements are insufficient to allow sowing as early as 1 March. Following sowing on 17 March 1986, seed advancement increased establishment for two bulks of seed from 54 to 76% and from 63 to 77% respectively while bolting was decreased from 9·1 to 1·2% and from 5·9 to 0·7%. This suggests that in future it may be possible to recommend that sowing starts about a week earlier than at present. The results also suggested that only a previous vernalizing experience could be reversed. There was no indication that a devernalizing stimulus could be stored by seeds and used to offset the effects of cold after sowing. However, the best treatment in 1985 would have reversed a much more severe vernalizing stimulus than that likely to be encountered by the seeds while on their mother plant.
Soluble Biomarkers Associated with Response to Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Psoriatic Arthritis (2013)

Baseline as well as reduction in serum MMP-3 and increase in serum COMP are independently associated with response to TNFi therapy in patients with PsA.
<i>In Vitro</i>Studies on the Impact of Human Serum on the Antibacterial Effect of Faropenem (2004)

The interaction between faropenem and serum in determining antibacterial effect was studied using three target pathogens and two different in vitro methodologies. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, capsulate and non capsulate Haemophilus influenzae, all faropenem MIC 0.12 mg/L, were tested in a range of pharmacologically realistic faropenem concentrations with various proportions of serum up to 75%. Using simulated serum bactericidal titres the presence of human serum reduced the activity of faropenem against S. pneumoniae as did heat-treated serum for non-capsulate H. influenzae. Serum on its own was bactericidal against H. influenzae probably due to the presence of complement. The antibacterial effects of combinations of faropenem and serum was assessed in time-kill curves by calculation of the area-under-the bacterial-kill-curve (AUBKC). This was then related to faropenem concentration and the proportion of serum using three-dimensional plots. Serum on its own was mildly inhibitory of the growth of S. aureus, supported improved growth of S. pneumoniae at some proportions and was rapidly bactericidal to H. influenzae, especially the non-capsulate strains. Faropenem had a marked antibacterial effect against all three species in the range 0-2.5 mg/L. Increasing the faropenem concentration from 2.5-10 mg/L produced little or no additional effect. The combination of serum and faropenem had little impact on the antibacterial effect against S. pneumoniae and S. aureus but free drug concentrations were likely to be greater than the MIC in all the combinations used. Against capsulate H. influenzae the effect of serum and faropenem was broadly equivalent while against non-capsulate strains the activity of serum was so great it is difficult to assess the impact of faropenem alone. The interaction between serum and antibiotic in determining antibacterial effect is complex and critically dependent on the proportions of serum and drug concentrations chosen. Three-dimensional plots offer a tool to visualise these complex relationships which may be species specific.
Adsorption of Toxic Gases on Iron-Incorporated Na-A Zeolites Synthesized from Melting Slag (2009)

Iron incorporated zeolites were prepared from Na-A type zeolite synthesized from melting slag and FeCl3 solution and applied as adsorbents for NH3 and H2S gases. Iron incorporated zeolite was pelletized, calcined and used for gas adsorption experiment. XRD analyses of the zeolite revealed that Fe3+ concentration of solution more than 90 mM could destruct the zeolite network structure. It was observed that the gas adsorption capacities of these zeolite pellets depend significantly on iron concentration of solution and calcination temperature. The type of binders affected a little on gas adsorption capacities. From adsorption results, adsorption capacity for NH3 was proportional to Fe3+ concentration and it was increased with calcination temperature up to 500°C, but it was decreased over 600°C. Pellets prepared from 56 mM Fe3+ solution calcined at 500°C showed highest ammonia adsorption capacity (3.7%). This iron incorporated Na-A type zeolites showed much higher adsorption capacities for NH3 (2.4∼3.7%) than commercially available activated carbons (0.16∼0.44%) and zeolites (0.23∼0.60%). In the case of adsorption capacities for H2S, adsorption capacity was proportional to Fe3+ concentration and inversely proportional to calcination temperature. Pellets prepared from 78 mM Fe3+ solution calcined at 200°C showed highest hydrogen sulfide adsorption capacity (1.5%). Adsorption capacity (0.2∼1.5%) was found to be lower than that of the commercial activated carbons (1.2∼2.4%) and higher than that of commercial zeolites 4A (0.15%) and 13X (0.91%). Higher ammonia adsorption in iron incorporated Na-A zeolites could be possibly due to development of number of acid sites on the zeolites surface due to incorporation of Fe3+ ion.
Analysis of Cooling Effectiveness and Temperature Uniformity in a Battery Pack for Cylindrical Batteries (2017)

In this paper, techniques to improve cooling and temperature uniformity in a simple battery pack are examined. Four battery pack configurations are developed. In the first configuration, an inlet plenum is added to a simple battery pack. In the second configuration, jet inlets are incorporated along with the inlet plenum, and in the third configuration, multiple vortex generators are added in addition to the inlet plenum. Finally, in the fourth configuration, an inlet plenum, jet inlets, and multiple vortex generators are incorporated into the battery pack. The results conclude that by adding inlet plenum, multiple vortex generators, and jet inlets in the same configuration, significant improvements are observed. The results also show that the maximum temperature of the battery pack is reduced by ~5%, and the temperature difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature exhibited by the battery pack is reduced by 21.5%. Moreover, there is a ~16% improvement in the temperature uniformity of a single cell.
Clinical and immunologic impact of CCR5 blockade in graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis (2017)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Lymphocyte trafficking via chemokine receptors such as CCR5 plays a critical role in alloreactive responses, and previous data suggest that CCR5 blockade with maraviroc results in a low incidence of visceral GVHD. However, the full scope of clinical and immunologic effects of CCR5 blockade in HSCT has not been described. We compared a cohort of patients enrolled on a trial of reduced-intensity allo-HSCT with standard GVHD prophylaxis plus maraviroc to a contemporary control cohort receiving standard GVHD prophylaxis alone. Maraviroc treatment was associated with a lower incidence of acute GVHD without increased risk of disease relapse, as well as reduced levels of gut-specific markers. At day 30, maraviroc treatment increased CCR5 expression on T cells and dampened T-cell activation in peripheral blood without impairing early immune reconstitution or increasing risk for infections. Patients who developed acute GVHD despite maraviroc prophylaxis showed increased T-cell activation, naive T-cell skewing, and elevated serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels. Collectively, these data suggest that maraviroc effectively protects against GVHD by modulating alloreactive donor T-cell responses, and that CXCR3 signaling may be an important resistance mechanism to CCR5 blockade in GVHD.
Wnt signaling through canonical and non-canonical pathways: Recent progress (2005)

The Wnt-beta-catenin pathway regulates cell adhesion, morphology, proliferation, migration and structural remodeling. The aspects of the canonical and non-canonical pathways are reviewed here. The major components of this network are the Wnt ligands which bind to frizzled receptors at the cell surface. Activation of Wnt signaling down regulates the intracellular beta-catenin degradation component, allowing beta-catenin levels to accumulate within the cell. At normal levels, beta-catenin associates at the intracellular side of the membrane with cadherins to promote cell adhesion and with the actin microfilament cytoskeletal network to control cell shape. If beta-catenin levels become elevated, it can begin to accumulate within the cell nucleus and activate transcription in conjunction with co-transcription factors Lefs/Tcfs.Cell populations can regulate neighboring populations via the paracrine action of growth factors and through the action of cell adhesion molecules. Many examples of these interactions exist. The major players in Wnt signaling and its downstream canonical and non-canonical partners are reviewed here. For more details visit the World Wide Web Wnt Homepage (http://www.stanford.edu/~rnusse/wntwindow.html).
Erinacol (Cyatha-3,12-dien-14β-ol) and 11-<i>O</i>-Acetylcyathin A<sub>3</sub>, New Cyathane Metabolites from an Erinacine Q-Producing<i>Hericium erinaceum</i> (2004)

In our search for new cyathane metabolites related to the biosynthesis of erinacine Q in Hericium erinaceum, we isolated a novel cyatha-3,12-dien-14beta-ol named erinacol together with known 11-O-acetylcyathatriol (the erinacine Q aglycon) and new metabolite 11-O-acetylcyathin A(3) from the mycelial extract. The structure of each compound was determined by spectral methods. Possible biosynthetic relationships of these metabolites are discussed from their structural features.
Is it time to target no evident disease activity (NEDA) in multiple sclerosis? (2015)

The management of multiple sclerosis is becoming increasingly complex with the emergence of new and more effective disease-modifying therapies (DMT). We propose a new treatment paradigm that individualises treatment based on a choice between two interchangeable therapeutic strategies of maintenance-escalation or induction therapy. We propose treating- to-target of no evident disease activity (NEDA) as defined using clinical and MRI criteria. This algorithm requires active monitoring with a rebaselining MRI, at a point in time after the specific DMT concerned has had sufficient time to work, and at least annual MRI studies to monitor for subclinical relapses. Disease activity on the maintenance-escalation therapy arm of the algorithm indicates a sub-optimal treatment response and should trigger a discussion about switching, or escalating, therapy or the consideration of switching to the induction therapy arm of the algorithm. In comparison, disease activity on an induction therapy arm would be an indication for retreatment or a switch to the maintenance-escalation therapy arm. We envisage the definition of NEDA evolving with time as new technological innovations are adopted into clinical practice, for example the normalisation of whole, or regional, brain atrophy rates and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament levels.
Reconfigurable triangular patch antenna for pattern diversity (2009)

This paper presents a novel design of an equilateral triangular patch antenna providing two diverse patterns at nearly the same resonance frequency (f Res ≈ 5.4 GHz), which result from the excitation of two different eigenmodes by switching two diodes ON or OFF. In this design just a single feed point is needed for both excitations and no additional DC network is necessary. The concept is validated by farfield measurements and is well suited for diversity systems in wireless communications.
Improving the Uniformity of Poly-Si Films Using a New Excimer Laser Annealing Method for Giant-Microelectronics (1992)

Film uniformity is the main problem when applying laser-recrystallised poly-Si films to thin film transistors (TFTs) in giant micro electronics. However, this has been dramatically improved by a new excimer laser annealing method in which the solidification process of molten Si is controlled by low-temperature (≦400°C) substrate heating during excimer laser annealing. Poly-Si TFT fabricated around the laser irradiation overlap region exhibited a high field effect mobility uniformity of within ±8%.
Induction of pre-B cell proliferation after de novo synthesis of the pre-B cell receptor (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Laser Angioplasty in Miniature Swine: Advantages of a Modified Fiber Tip Delivery System (1991)

Laser angioplasty using a spherical lensed fiber-tip laser delivery catheter and a 200 mum bare silica fiber tip was performed in occluded atherosclerotic iliac arteries of miniature swine. Group I consisted of 8 animals with 11 totally occluded arteries in which the bare silica fiber was used. Group II included 22 animals with occlusive lesions in 41 arteries in which the silica lens tip was used. In vivo laser angioplasty was performed in both groups using an argon ion laser delivering 2 to 3 watts of power in 1 to 5 second intervals. Successful recanalization occurred in 7/11 (64%) in group I arteries and 35/41 (85%) in group II arteries. Vascular perforation occurred in 36% (4/11) in group I compared to 10% (4/41) in group II (P less than 0.05). Mechanical perforation due to the bare fiber alone accounted for 50% of the perforations in group I and did not occur with the silica lens-tip device (group II). We conclude that the atraumatic lensed fiber is more effective in recanalizing occlusive lesions and is a safer delivery system than the bare silica fiber.
WiMAX-EVDO interworking using mobile IP (2009)

WiMAX, a fourth-generation wireless-access technology, has made significant progress both in the standard forums and with wireless network carriers. To ensure service continuity to a legacy end user, it is important for a WiMAX mobile device to interwork with existing thirdgeneration access networks before it is uniquely and ubiquitously deployed. This article addresses this issue and shows how interworking can be achieved with EVDO wireless-access technology, using mobile IP in a dual mode terminal. We present a network architecture solution and detailed call flows.
Enhanced spatial multiplexing for rate-2 MIMO of DVB-NGH system (2012)

The demand for high bit-rate service transmission is increasing for digital terrestrial broadcasting just like other transmission technologies. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission is one of the most promising techniques to fulfill this demand for high transmission rates. This paper introduces enhanced spatial multiplexing (eSM) scheme adopted as technical baseline for the DVB next generation handheld (DVB-NGH) system. Most technical challenges for MIMO transmission in broadcasting comes from the rate-2 spatial multiplexing performance degradation in high correlation channel condition, which frequently happens in broadcasting owing to the line-of-sight (LOS) channel conditions. The proposed eSM exploits a pre-coding matrix optimized to overcome this condition. When combined with phase hopping to avoid specific harmful condition, eSM minimizes the performance loss under high correlation channels whilst keeping maximum multiplexing gain over rich scattering channels.
Osteopontin is a potential target gene in mouse mammary cancer chemoprevention by Se-methylselenocysteine (2004)

OPN is a potential target gene in the inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis by selenium.
Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Term‐Born Infants Fed a Whey Predominant or a Whey Hydrolysate Formula (1997)

These differences in plasma amino acid levels have to be regarded with care because all concentrations were within normal ranges, with the exception of threonine. Weight and length gain of the hydrolysate and the whey predominant formula were identical.