gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Killing from the inside: Intracellular role of T3SS in the fate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within macrophages revealed by mgtC and oprF mutants (2019)

While considered solely an extracellular pathogen, increasing evidence indicates that Pseudomonas aeruginosa encounters intracellular environment in diverse mammalian cell types, including macrophages. In the present study, we have deciphered the intramacrophage fate of wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain by live and electron microscopy. P. aeruginosa first resided in phagosomal vacuoles and subsequently could be detected in the cytoplasm, indicating phagosomal escape of the pathogen, a finding also supported by vacuolar rupture assay. The intracellular bacteria could eventually induce cell lysis, both in a macrophage cell line and primary human macrophages. Two bacterial factors, MgtC and OprF, recently identified to be important for survival of P. aeruginosa in macrophages, were found to be involved in bacterial escape from the phagosome as well as in cell lysis caused by intracellular bacteria. Strikingly, type III secretion system (T3SS) genes of P. aeruginosa were down-regulated within macrophages in both mgtC and oprF mutants. Concordantly, cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) level was increased in both mutants, providing a clue for negative regulation of T3SS inside macrophages. Consistent with the phenotypes and gene expression pattern of mgtC and oprF mutants, a T3SS mutant (ΔpscN) exhibited defect in phagosomal escape and macrophage lysis driven by internalized bacteria. Importantly, these effects appeared to be largely dependent on the ExoS effector, in contrast with the known T3SS-dependent, but ExoS independent, cytotoxicity caused by extracellular P. aeruginosa towards macrophages. Moreover, this macrophage damage caused by intracellular P. aeruginosa was found to be dependent on GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) domain of ExoS. Hence, our work highlights T3SS and ExoS, whose expression is modulated by MgtC and OprF, as key players in the intramacrophage life of P. aeruginosa which allow internalized bacteria to lyse macrophages.
FoveaNet: Perspective-aware Urban Scene Parsing (2017)

Parsing urban scene images benefits many applications, especially self-driving. Most of the current solutions employ generic image parsing models that treat all scales and locations in the images equally and do not consider the geometry property of car-captured urban scene images. Thus, they suffer from heterogeneous object scales caused by perspective projection of cameras on actual scenes and inevitably encounter parsing failures on distant objects as well as other boundary and recognition errors. In this work, we propose a new FoveaNet model to fully exploit the perspective geometry of scene images and address the common failures of generic parsing models. FoveaNet estimates the perspective geometry of a scene image through a convolutional network which integrates supportive evidence from contextual objects within the image. Based on the perspective geometry information, FoveaNet "undoes" the camera perspective projection analyzing regions in the space of the actual scene, and thus provides much more reliable parsing results. Furthermore, to effectively address the recognition errors, FoveaNet introduces a new dense CRFs model that takes the perspective geometry as a prior potential. We evaluate FoveaNet on two urban scene parsing datasets, Cityspaces and CamVid, which demonstrates that FoveaNet can outperform all the well-established baselines and provide new state-of-the-art performance.
Promoter region methylation does not account for the frequent loss of expression of the Fas gene in colorectal carcinoma (2000)

Expression of the apoptosis-promoting Fas gene is frequently reduced or lost during the development of colorectal carcinoma. However, loss of heterozygosity at the Fas locus or Fas gene rearrangements do not account for the loss of expression of Fas, raising the possibility that methylation of the Fas promoter may inhibit gene expression in colorectal carcinomas. We have examined the Fas promoter region CpG island for evidence of hypermethylation in colorectal tumours. Forty-seven specimens of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma, as well as six samples of normal colonic mucosa, were examined by Southern blotting for methylation at HpaII and Cfol sites in this region. No methylation was detected in any of the specimens, suggesting that hypermethylation is not primarily responsible for the loss of expression of the Fas gene during colorectal tumorigenesis.
Molecular weight distribution of the methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymer separated from the MMA‐grafted silk fiber (1992)

Abstract The molecular weight distribution of poly‐methyl methacrylate (poly‐MMA) chains separated from MMA‐grafted silk fibers obtained by using potassium persulfate (KPS) and tri‐ n ‐butylborane (TBB) as initiator of the graft‐copolymerization reaction have been examined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC elution pattern of poly‐MMA chains shows a bimodal molecular weight distribution. The two peaks have been identified as heavy and light component. The average molecular weight of the heavy component ranges from 48.5 to 200 kD for poly‐MMA copolymerized by the KPS reaction system and from 336 to 816 kD for the poly‐MMA copolymerized by the TBB reaction system. The light component has an average molecular weight lower than 1,000 D and its value is almost similar in all the samples examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the presence of MMA oligomers formed on the fiber surface during grafting. The molar ratio between poly‐MMA chains and silk fibroin attains a constant value that seems to be specific for a certain reaction system. A linear correlation has been observed between the weight gain and the average molecular weight of the poly‐MMA chains. These findings suggest the effect of grafting parameters on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the grafted polymer, as well as its influence on the physical properties and textile performances of MMA‐grafted silk fibers.
Structural, Electrical, and Electrochemical Characteristics of LnBa<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>1.5</sub>Fe<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>5+<i>δ</i></sub> (Ln=Pr, Sm, Gd) as Cathode Materials in Intermediate‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2016)

Abstract Layered perovskite oxides have received great attention as prospective cathode materials for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs) because of their high electrical conductivities and fast oxygen kinetics. Herein, we focus on the structural, electrical, and electrochemical properties of layered perovskites LnBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 5+ δ (LnBSCF, Ln=Pr, Sm, and Gd) as a cathode material for IT‐SOFCs. Among the evaluated perovskites, PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 5+ δ (PBSCF) showed the highest electrical conductivity, the highest oxygen content, and the highest values of the oxygen bulk diffusion coefficient ( D* ) and surface exchange coefficient ( k ) measured by using isotope oxygen exchange. The composite cathode of PBSCF and gadolinium‐doped ceria is the most suitable cathode material for IT‐SOFCs among the materials investigated because of its excellent electrochemical properties and fast oxygen kinetics.
Agent-Based Multi-Layer Collision Avoidance to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2007)

This contribution presents a distributed, multi-layer collision avoidance architecture supporting efficient utilization of air space shared by several autonomous aerial vehicles. Presented multi-layer architecture is based on deliberative deployment of several collision avoidance methods by the aircraft at the same time. Both cooperative and non-cooperative collision avoidance methods are presented in the paper. The robustness of the architecture is justified by means of experimental validation of multi-agent simulation
The Calligrapher's handbook (1986)

This collection of 18 authoritative articles details information on various methods and practices, including formal scripts, quill preparation, parchment and manuscript binding. Includes explanatory line drawings, alphabets, and some 50 reproductions of work by contemporary calligraphers and binders.
Electrosynthesis of a tetrathiafulvalene-derivatized polythiophene (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrosynthesis of a tetrathiafulvalene-derivatized polythiopheneChristine Thobie-Gautier, Alain Gorgues, Michel Jubault, and Jean RoncaliCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 16, 4094–4099Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00068a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00068a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research on thermal stability of monolithic near-infrared Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer (2023)

A Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne (DASH) interferometer was designed to measure atmospheric winds at a height of 60 to 80 km by observing the airglow emission line of molecular oxygen at 867 nm. The designed monolithic DASH interferometer exhibited decent thermal stability. The phase thermal drift of the fabricated interferometer obtained from thermal performance measurements was 0.376 rad / ° C. To accurately model and minimize the thermal drift performance of an interferometer in the design phase, it is necessary to include the influence of thermal distortion of the monolithic interferometer components. Therefore, an optical–structural–thermal integrated analysis method based on Zernike polynomials was proposed to accurately calculate the phase thermal drift of the interferometer. The optical model modified by the finite-element method calculated the phase thermal drift to be 0.420 rad / ° C, which agreed with the experimental result within 11.7%. This analysis method can accurately calculate and optimize thermal stability during the design of a DASH interferometer.
Disruption of CD154:CD40 Blocks Generation of Allograft Immunity Without Affecting APC Activation (1999)

CD154 (CD40 ligand, gp39) interaction with its receptor CD40 has been shown to be critically important for the generation of cell-mediated as well as humoral immunity. It has been proposed that ligation of CD40 on APCs, presumably by activated Th cells, leads to increased APC function as defined by up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and enhancement of IL-12 production. In this report, we directly examined the contribution of the CD154:CD40 pathway in a murine model of allograft rejection. Generation of both the CTL and alloantibody responses following injection with allogeneic P815 tumor cells was severely compromised in CD154 knockout mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice treated with the anti-CD154 mAb, MR1. Splenic production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF was significantly suppressed from CD154-deficient mice, indicating a lack of T cell priming. However, splenic cells from CD154 knockout mice induced comparable levels of CD86 expression and IL-12 production when compared with their wild-type littermates. The treatment of CD154-/- mice with the agonistic anti-CD40 mAb, FGK45, generated activated APCs yet failed to restore either the CTL or alloantibody responses to P815. Likewise, immunization with B7-transfected P815 tumor cells failed to generate expansion of the CTL effector population in CD154-/- mice. These results suggest that the generation of allograft immunity is dependent on the interaction of CD154 with CD40 but not primarily for the activation of APCs.
Microfluidic Formation of Monodisperse, Cell‐Sized, and Unilamellar Vesicles (2009)

Gently down the stream: A microfluidic technique uses a continuous fluid stream to generate monodisperse unilamellar phospholipid vesicles from a single bilayer (see picture). Since the vesicles are robust and efficiently encapsulate high concentrations of various molecules, they are useful as delivery vehicles and as model cellular systems.
Channel addition/removal response in cascades of strongly inverted erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1998)

Signal power steady-state and transient fluctuations due to gain cross saturation in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) in multiwavelength optical networks caused by addition or removal of channels due to network reconfigurations or line failures must be minimized to avoid error bursts in the surviving channels. The effects of addition and/or dropping of wavelength channels in a multiwavelength network comprising six concatenated strongly inverted two-stage EDFA's have been analyzed by numerical simulation. A large-signal numerical model which incorporates time variation effects and the downstream and upstream propagation of signal, pump and amplified spontaneous emission has been used. Power excursions caused in an eight channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network by the loss/addition of one, three, or six channels will be lower than 0.6 dB if the length average normalized population density of the metastable level does not drop below 0.76. No additional measures need to be taken to limit the power excursions of the surviving channels.
Basal-like Breast Cancer Cells Induce Phenotypic and Genomic Changes in Macrophages (2012)

Basal-like breast cancer (BBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that has no biologically targeted therapy. The interactions of BBCs with stromal cells are important determinants of tumor biology, with inflammatory cells playing well-recognized roles in cancer progression. Despite the fact that macrophage-BBC communication is bidirectional, important questions remain about how BBCs affect adjacent immune cells. This study investigated monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarization and gene expression in response to coculture with basal-like versus luminal breast cancer cells. Changes induced by coculture were compared with changes observed under classical differentiation and polarization conditions. Monocytes (THP-1 cells) exposed to BBC cells in coculture had altered gene expression with upregulation of both M1 and M2 macrophage markers. Two sets of M1 and M2 markers were selected from the PCR profiles and used for dual immunofluorescent staining of BBC versus luminal cocultured THP-1s, and cancer-adjacent, benign tissue sections from patients diagnosed with BBCs or luminal breast cancer, confirming the differential expression patterns. Relative to luminal breast cancers, BBCs also increased differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and stimulated macrophage migration. Consistent with these changes in cellular phenotype, a distinct pattern of cytokine secretion was evident in macrophage-BBC cocultures, including upregulation of NAP-2, osteoprotegerin, MIG, MCP-1, MCP-3, and interleukin (IL)-1β. Application of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) to cocultures attenuated BBC-induced macrophage migration. These data contribute to an understanding of the BBC-mediated activation of the stromal immune response, implicating specific cytokines that are differentially expressed in basal-like microenvironments and suggesting plausible targets for modulating immune responses to BBCs.
Rates of coastal erosion and accretion in New Zealand (1978)

Abstract Rates of coastal erosion and accretion for New Zealand are calculated for the period since early European colonisation. Methods used for calculating rates from cadastral plans, vertical aerial photographs and field measurements are described, evaluated, and illustrated with examples. The most natural reference line for measurements of shoreline changes and for defining the seaward boundary of land is the seaward limit of land vegetation. Measurements made from air photographs and plans at scales larger than 1:4000 have errors less than ± 1 m. As scales become small, errors increase proportionately. Along depositional shorelines, erosion and accretion generally occur at 0.5–4.0 m.y −1 . Maximum erosion and accretion rates are 25.4 m.y −1 at North Kaipara Head and 68.9 m.y −1 at Farewell Spit respectively. Cliff recession generally occurs at 0.25 ‐ 1.0 m.y −1 with maximum rates of 2.25 m.y −1 for mudstone cliffs at Cape Tumagain and 3.46 m.y −1 for conglomerate cliffs at Ngapotiki.
Analysis of survey data investigating the malarial endemicity of a mixed tribal population of Bihar, India (1998)

A section of the mixed tribal population of the Singhbhum district, Bihar, India, is declared malaria epidemic zone. The tribal population of several generations is known to be suffering from malaria. A survey based on cross-sectional data analysis, was conducted on the mixed tribal population for one month. The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status using collected blood samples. The main focus is on the comparative roles of the defense mechanism and vitality factor of the human system in context to the malarial infection. By gradual elimination of the blood parameters by statistical analysis, the vitalityparameters probing malarial endemicity are assessed with a view to predicting the epidemic. The main findings from this survey are (i) of the selected twenty two parameters of blood, albumin, total cholesterol, total protein, ß-Globulin, ?-Globulin, Inmuno globulin G seem to have some predictive capacity with respect to the malarial endemicity of the tribal people and (ii) Categorical variables like blood group and sex are comparatively less important for prediction of malaria
Impact of output filter layout in the conducted emissions of an on-board DC/DC converter for “More Electrical Aircraft” (2017)

The “More Electrical Aircraft” concept involves a significant increase of power demand in modern aircrafts. In this context, a new high voltage DC distribution system has been proposed. This makes it necessary to develop a new generation of DC-DC converters to supply the 28VDC loads. These converters must comply with stringent requirements in terms of power density and electromagnetic compatibility. A solution to cope with those contradictory requirements is to develop design strategies that allow noise reduction at its source, thus reducing weight and size of filtering components and increasing power density of the converter. In this work we study the impact of the output filter configuration in the conducted emissions both at the input and the output of a isolated step-down topology converter. Simulated results show that a proper filter configuration results in a significant reduction of noise generation.
A high aspect ratio design approach to millimeter-wave HEMT structures (1985)

In MESFET and HEMT structures as the gate length is reduced below 0.5 µm in an attempt to achieve amplification at highest possible frequencies, it is essential that the depletion depth under the gate be also reduced in order to preserve a high aspect ratio that ensures a high device voltage gain factor (g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> /g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ) and a reasonable value of stable power gain at high frequencies. Results based on this design approach indicate that an n-A1GaAs/GaAs HEMT structure with 0.25-µm gate length could provide stable power gain in excess of 6 dB at the unity current gain frequency of 92.4 GHz, and for an aspect ratio of ten it is difficult to reduce the gate length below 0.25 µm.
Nanomanipulation-Coupled Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization-Direct Organelle Mass Spectrometry: A Technique for the Detailed Analysis of Single Organelles (2015)

We describe a novel technique combining precise organelle microextraction with deposition and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) for a rapid, minimally invasive mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of single organelles from living cells. A dual-positioner nanomanipulator workstation was utilized for both extraction of organelle content and precise co-deposition of analyte and matrix solution for MALDI-direct organelle mass spectrometry (DOMS) analysis. Here, the triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of single lipid droplets from 3T3-L1 adipocytes were acquired and results validated with nanoelectrospray ionization (NSI) MS. The results demonstrate the utility of the MALDI-DOMS technique as it enabled longer mass analysis time, higher ionization efficiency, MS imaging of the co-deposited spot, and subsequent MS/MS capabilities of localized lipid content in comparison to NSI-DOMS. This method provides selective organellar resolution, which complements current biochemical analyses and prompts for subsequent subcellular studies to be performed where limited samples and analyte volume are of concern. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Fusion of Radar and Secondary Sensor Data Using Kinematic Models of Multiple Simultaneous Targets (2015)

We present a method for fusion of radar and secondary sensor data, e.g. AIS (Automatic Identification System), ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast) or IFF (Identification, Friend or Foe) data. The method is based on fusion of kinematic models of target trajectories from the two sensors into kinematic models of the associations. The method can handle several hundred simultaneous targets (shown for 529 x 529 targets + 1600 clutter plots). It does not require several iterations through the data set in order to find associations, and it includes track history from the two sensors. The mathematical framework of the method is based on Kalman filters, maximum likelihood and probability theory as well as kinematics.
Identifying at-risk employees: A behavioral model for predicting potential insider threats (2010)

A psychosocial model was developed to assess an employee’s behavior associated with an increased risk of insider abuse. The model is based on case studies and research literature on factors/correlates associated with precursor behavioral manifestations of individuals committing insider crimes. In many of these crimes, managers and other coworkers observed that the offenders had exhibited signs of stress, disgruntlement, or other issues, but no alarms were raised. Barriers to using such psychosocial indicators include the inability to recognize the signs and the failure to record the behaviors so that they could be assessed by a person experienced in psychosocial evaluations. We have developed a model using a Bayesian belief network with the help of human resources staff, experienced in evaluating behaviors in staff. We conducted an experiment to assess its agreement with human resources and management professionals, with positive results. If implemented in an operational setting, the model would be part of a set of management tools for employee assessment that can raise an alarm about employees who pose higher insider threat risks. In separate work, we combine this psychosocial model’s assessment with computer workstation behavior to raise the efficacy of recognizing an insider crime in the making.