gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of magnetic heating efficiency in size controlled MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) nanoassemblies (2015)

The MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticle nanoassemblies (MNNAs) have been synthesized <italic>via</italic> thermal decomposition of metal chloride in ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of ethylenediamine (EDA).
Packet Security with Path Sensitization for NoCs (2016)

Hardware security is becoming a major concern as integrated circuits (IC) are exponentially growing thanks to technology scaling. With ICs reaching upwards of billions of transistors, detecting hardware trojans (HT) is like finding a needle in a haystack. Therefore, it becomes imperative to protect critical computing infrastructure from malicious attackers attempting to unearth vital information. Security enhancements should offer resiliency to limit their impact on overall chip performance as HTs are likely to slip through detection mechanisms. In this paper, we propose packet-security (P-Sec) a packet validation technique to protect compromised network-on-chip (NoC) architectures from fault injection side channel attacks and covert HT communication by merging two robust error detection schemes, namely algebraic manipulation detection (AMD) and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes. With P-Sec, applications containing sensitive and encrypted data can be protected from an ideal attacker using AMD codes at the cost of marginal area and power overhead in the network interface but with enhanced security on demand.
microRNA 184 regulates expression of NFAT1 in umbilical cord blood CD4+ T cells (2009)

The reduced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFAT1) protein in umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived CD4+ T cells and the corresponding reduction in inflammatory cytokine secretion after stimulation in part underlies their phenotypic differences from adult blood (AB) CD4+ T cells. This muted response may contribute to the lower incidence and severity of high-grade acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) exhibited by UCB grafts. Here we provide evidence that a specific microRNA, miR-184, inhibits NFAT1 protein expression elicited by UCB CD4+ T cells. Endogenous expression of miR-184 in UCB is 58.4-fold higher compared with AB CD4+ T cells, and miR-184 blocks production of NFAT1 protein through its complementary target sequence on the NFATc2 mRNA without transcript degradation. Furthermore, its negative effects on NFAT1 protein and downstream interleukin-2 (IL-2) transcription are reversed through antisense blocking in UCB and can be replicated via exogenous transfection of precursor miR-184 into AB CD4+ T cells. Our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized role for miR-184 in UCB CD4+ T cells and a novel function for microRNA in the early adaptive immune response.
An Empirical Model for Fabric Hand (1991)

A new model for fabric hand assessment is developed that uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to predict hand. One of the main aspects of this research is the establishment of a fuzzy relation matrix R for objective evaluation of fabric hand. This was achieved by investigating a large number ( n = 100) of light weight fabrics for selected physical and mechanical properties and developing a series of membership functions for the properties tested. Another important element is the weighted factor vector A, which was deduced from a survey of a panel of judges ( n = 25). A in conjunction with R generates multifactorial equations that can be used to calculate fabric hand.
A test concept for circuit level aging demonstrated by a differential amplifier (2010)

In this work a general concept for accelerated aging of linear analog circuit blocks is proposed. Due to the interaction of diverse aging mechanisms, circuit behavior in an arbitrary effect accelerated stress setup may show large deviation to the aging under nominal circuit conditions. The proposed analytical small signal analysis proves to be a fast and easy way to obtain the contributions of all degrading transistors with respect to the output monitor of the circuit. Circuit aging simulations over temperature rise as well as supply and input voltage scaling show that single effect acceleration varies significantly between the involved mechanisms. This causes deviations in the aging output monitor compared to the aging under nominal circuit conditions. Based on these findings an accelerated circuit level aging test concept - applicable to linear circuits - is developed and evaluated for the example of a two-stage differential amplifier.
Bacterial Biosynthesis and Maturation of the Didemnin Anti-cancer Agents (2012)

The anti-neoplastic agent didemnin B from the Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum was the first marine drug to be clinically tested in humans. Because of its limited supply and its complex cyclic depsipeptide structure, considerable challenges were encountered during didemnin B's development that continue to limit aplidine (dehydrodidemnin B), which is currently being evaluated in numerous clinical trials. Herein we show that the didemnins are bacterial products produced by the marine α-proteobacteria Tistrella mobilis and Tistrella bauzanensis via a unique post-assembly line maturation process. Complete genome sequence analysis of the 6,513,401 bp T. mobilis strain KA081020-065 with its five circular replicons revealed the putative didemnin biosynthetic gene cluster (did) on the 1,126,962 bp megaplasmid pTM3. The did locus encodes a 13-module hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase enzyme complex organized in a collinear arrangement for the synthesis of the fatty acylglutamine ester derivatives didemnins X and Y rather than didemnin B as first anticipated. Imaging mass spectrometry of T. mobilis bacterial colonies captured the time-dependent extracellular conversion of the didemnin X and Y precursors to didemnin B, in support of an unusual post-synthetase activation mechanism. Significantly, the discovery of the didemnin biosynthetic gene cluster may provide a long-term solution to the supply problem that presently hinders this group of marine natural products and pave the way for the genetic engineering of new didemnin congeners.
Studies in mediterranean leishmaniasis (1975)

Leishmanin skin testing was carried out in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy, the site of an outbreak of kala-azar in 1971-72, and in Catania, Eastern Sicily an old endemic focus of Mediterranean kala-azar. Nearly all the people who had recovered from kala-azar in the past gave positive skin tests. Active cases of kala-azar gave negative tests. There was a higher proportion of positive reactors amongst the household contacts and neighbours of cases of kala-azar than among the general population. Age specific leishmanin rates showed an increasing positive rate with age in Catania, comparable to those found in endemic areas in Kenya, but in the Emilia-Romagna area all age groups showed a high positivity rate suggesting a simultaneous exposure to infection. The age specific rates from Catania suggest an interruption in transmission 20-30 years ago. The leishmanin skin test is a useful tool for the study of the epidemiology of Mediterranean kala-azar.
Defining the Minimal Domain of Ku80 for Interaction with Ku70 (1997)

The Ku protein has a critical function in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks induced for example by ionizing radiation or during VDJ recombination. Ku serves as the DNA-binding subunit of the DNA-dependent kinase and is a heterodimeric protein composed of 80- and 70-kDa subunits. We used the two-hybrid system to analyze the interaction domains of the Ku subunits and to identify possible additional partners for Ku. Screening a human cDNA library with the Ku heterodimer did not reveal any novel partners. Screening with the individual subunits, we detected only Ku70 clones interacting with Ku80 and only Ku80 clones interacting with Ku70, indicating that these are the primary partners for one another. Ku80 and Ku70 formed only heterodimers and did not homodimerize. Ku80 was restricted to interacting with just one Ku70 molecule at a time. The minimal functional interaction domain of Ku80 that interacted with Ku70 was defined. It consisted of a 28-amino acid region extending from amino acid 449 to 477. This region was crucial for interaction with Ku70, since mutation within this critical site at amino acids 453 and 454 abrogated the ability to interact with Ku70. We furthermore verified that the same region is crucial for interaction with Ku70 using in vitro co-translation of both subunits followed by an immunoprecipitation with anti-Ku70 antibodies. This interaction domain of Ku80 does not contain any motif previously recognized in protein-protein interactions.
Recent Advances in Oligonucleotide Therapeutics in Oncology (2021)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have achieved increased survival rates for many types of cancer over the past decades. However, cancer recurrence and/or metastasis to distant organs remain major challenges, resulting in a large, unmet clinical need. Oligonucleotide therapeutics, which include antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, and aptamers, show promising clinical outcomes for disease indications such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, familial amyloid neuropathies, and macular degeneration. While no approved oligonucleotide drug currently exists for any type of cancer, results obtained in preclinical studies and clinical trials are encouraging. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in the field of oligonucleotide therapeutics in oncology, review current clinical trials, and discuss associated challenges.
Air-gaps in 0.3 μm electrical interconnections (2000)

A copper/air-gap interconnection structure using a sacrificial polymer and SiO/sub 2/ in a damascene process has been demonstrated. The air-gap occupies the entire intralevel volume with fully densified SiO/sub 2/ as the planar interlevel dielectric. The copper was deposited by physical vapor deposition and planarized by chemical-mechanical planarization. The Ta/Cu barrier/seed layer was deposited by physical vapor deposition; the bulk copper was electrochemically deposited. The resulting structure has an effective intralevel dielectric constant of 2.19.
Immunogenicity of recombinant type IX collagen in murine collagen‐induced arthritis (2002)

These data show that CIX down-regulates arthritis in mice while having no associated risk of inducing arthritis.
Densification and improved electrical properties of pulse-deposited films via <i>in situ</i> modulated temperature annealing (2004)

We find that the modulated temperature annealing of pulse-deposited high dielectric constant films, in which brief in situ elevated temperature anneals are performed after every deposition cycle, results in film densification, a reduction in interfacial layer thickness, and a strong improvement in electrical properties. The densification and improvement of electrical properties could not be achieved solely by postdeposition annealing at temperatures up to 850 °C.
Siah: New Players in the Cellular Response to Hypoxia (2004)

Prolyl-hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha is a prerequisite for pVHL binding to HIF-1alpha, which results in degradation of HIF-1alpha by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha is mediated by the family of prolyl-hydroxylase proteins (PHD). In hypoxia, HIF-1alpha is stabilized as a result of inhibition of HIF-1alpha hydroxylation, which in part is achieved by decreased activity of PHD enzymes at very low oxygen concentrations. We recently demonstrated that in hypoxia the stability of 2 of 3 PHDs (1 and 3) is regulated by the E3 ligases Siah1/2. Consequently, in hypoxia Siah determines the availability of PHD1/3, which otherwise modify HIF-1alpha to enable its association-dependent degradation by pVHL. These findings define a newly discovered layer in the regulation of HIF-1alpha in hypoxia. The roles of Siah activities in hypoxia responses are discussed.
Fundamentals of modern spectral analysis (2011)

In this paper, we cover several of the fundamental or kev design parameters affecting the performance of a spectrum analvzer. We present a high level overview of the spectrum analyzer dynamic range and show how it can be achieved with both FFTSA and SSA. We discuss the effect of instan taneous bandwidth on system flexibility and measurement speed, we explore the importance of image rejection and anti-aliasing and how the lack thereof can lead to false mea surements, and we conclude with final comments and analysis.
Inhibition of Tau Polymerization with a Cyanine Dye in Two Distinct Model Systems (2009)

In a host of neurodegenerative diseases Tau, a microtubule-associated protein, aggregates into insoluble lesions within neurons. Previous studies have utilized cyanine dyes as Tau aggregation inhibitors in vitro. Herein we utilize cyanine dye 3,3'-diethyl-9-methyl-thiacarbocyanine iodide (C11) to modulate Tau polymerization in two model systems, an organotypic slice culture model derived from Tau transgenic mice and a split green fluorescent protein complementation assay in Tau-expressing cells. In slice cultures, submicromolar concentrations (0.001 microm) of C11 produced a significant reduction of aggregated Tau and a corresponding increase in unpolymerized Tau. In contrast, treatment with a 1 microm dose promoted aggregation of Tau. These results were recapitulated in the complementation assay where administration of 1 microm C11 produced a significant increase in polymerized Tau relative to control, whereas treatment of cells with 0.01 microm C11 resulted in a marked reduction of aggregated Tau. In the organotypic slice cultures, modulation of Tau aggregation was independent of changes in phosphorylation at disease and microtubule binding relevant epitopes for both dosing regimes. Furthermore, treatment with 0.001 microm C11 resulted in a decrease in both total filament mass and number. There was no evidence of apoptosis or loss of synaptic integrity at either dose, however, whereas submicromolar concentrations of C11 did not interfere with microtubule binding, higher doses resulted in a decrease in the levels of microtubule-bound Tau. Overall, a cyanine dye can dissociate aggregated Tau in an ex vivo model of tauopathy with little toxicity and exploration of the use of these type of dyes as therapeutic agents is warranted.
A Concise and Efficient Synthesis of (5R,7S)-Kurzilactone and Its (5S,7R)-Enantiomer by the Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction (2009)

Natural kurzilactone (5R,7S) and its (5S,7R)-enantiomer were synthesized by a convergent approach using a diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction to construct the anti diol unit. Finally, a ring-closing metathesis reaction led to the target molecule.
Influence of Ionic Liquids on Pd-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation (2001)

Abstract Rates of Heck-type reactions, catalysed by a Pd-catalyst with benzothiazole carbene as ligands, are strongly influenced by tetrabutylammonium bromide utilized as solvent.
MKM: A Global Framework for Animating Humans in Virtual Reality Applications (2008)

Virtual humans are more and more used in VR applications, but their animation is still a challenge, especially if complex tasks must be carried out in interaction with the user. In many applications with virtual humans, credible virtual characters play a major role in presence. Motion editing techniques assume that the natural laws are intrinsically encoded in prerecorded trajectories and that modifications may preserve these natural laws, leading to credible autonomous actors. However, a complete knowledge of all the constraints is required to ensure continuity or to synchronize and blend several actions necessary to achieve a given task. We propose a framework capable of performing these tasks in an interactive environment that can change at each frame, depending on the user’s orders. This framework enables VR applications to animate from dozens of characters in real time for complex constraints, to hundreds of characters if only ground adaptation is performed. It offers the following capabilities: motion synchronization, blending, retargeting, and adaptation thanks to enhanced inverse kinetics and kinematics solver. To evaluate this framework, we have compared the motor behavior of subjects in real and in virtual environments.
A facile conversion of aryl alkyl ketones into methyl 2-arylalkanoates using poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)styrene] (2004)

Treatment of aryl alkyl ketones with poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)styrene] and trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of sulfuric acid followed by hydrolysis afforded methyl 2-arylalkanoates in good yields. The polymeric reagent can be regenerated and reused as an environmentally benign reagent.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Aryloxo(imido)titanium Complexes (1990)

The η2-iminotitanium complex 1 reacts with azobenzene in the presence of pyrrolidinopyridine py′ with ligand exchange to give the complex 2, which transforms within several days at 100 °C into the phenylimidotitanium complex 3. The length of the Ti-N bond in 3 is 171.9(3) pm, and the Ti-N-C angle is 173.1(3)°. Unlike imidozirconium compounds, which readily react with C-H activation, 3 is a “dead dog”—no reaction in benzene at 110°C! Ar′= 2,6-iPr2C6H3, R1 = tBu.
Abstract 3896: Recurrent TERT promoter mutations in primary central nervous system lymphoma (2015)

Abstract Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) restricted to the CNS and associated with a poor prognosis. Despite a notable effort contributing to better characterize the genomic basis of these tumors, few molecular abnormalities were proposed as predictive or prognostic biomarkers. Recently, two hotspot mutations, C228T and C250T, and the polymorphism rs2853669, located within TERT core promoter region have known a growing interest due to their prognostic value in a wide range of tumors, including melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma or glioblastoma. Forty-one PCNSL tumor samples of newly diagnosed PCNSL were sequenced for C228T and C250T TERT somatic mutations. TERT promoter mutations status was correlated with clinical outcome and rs2853669 genotype. We identified C228T and C250T mutations and rs2853669 genotype in 20%, 9.4% and 50%, respectively. No case with co-occurrence of C228T and C250T mutations was identified. C228T mutations, but not C250T, were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (median OS = 4.5 months vs 33 months for non-mutated, p = 0.0048) and progression free survival (PFS) (median PFS = 3 months vs 11.5 months for non-mutated, p = 0.0260). We found no association between TERT promoter mutations and the rs2853669 genotype. To our knowledge, we showed the presence of TERT promoter mutations in PCNSL for the first time. In addition, C228T promoter mutation was associated with a poor outcome. Considering that these mutations are known to confer enhanced TERT promoter activity, we speculate that an increased telomerase activity could play a role in PCNSL aggressiveness. This work was granted by the LOC study group network (réseau national de centres experts des lymphomes primitifs du SNC, INCa), the Ligue contre le Cancer (Comité du Val d’Oise), the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FDT20140930968), the APHP-CRIC 2013 (assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris), and the Association pour la Recherche sur les Tumeurs Cérébrales. Citation Format: Aurélie Bruno, Mailys Daniau, Karima Mokhtari, Amithys Rahimian, Marc Polivka, Anne Jouvet, Clovis Adam, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Catherine Miquel, Sandrine Eimer, Caroline Houillier, Carole Soussain, Agusti Alentorn, Khê Hoang-Xuan. Recurrent TERT promoter mutations in primary central nervous system lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3896. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3896
Classification of Malware Based on String and Function Feature Selection (2010)

Anti-malware software producers are continually challenged to identify and counter new malware as it is released into the wild. A dramatic increase in malware production in recent years has rendered the conventional method of manually determining a signature for each new malware sample untenable. This paper presents a scalable, automated approach for detecting and classifying malware by using pattern recognition algorithms and statistical methods at various stages of the malware analysis life cycle. Our framework combines the static features of function length and printable string information extracted from malware samples into a single test which gives classification results better than those achieved by using either feature individually. In our testing we input feature information from close to 1400 unpacked malware samples to a number of different classification algorithms. Using k-fold cross validation on the malware, which includes Trojans and viruses, along with 151 clean files, we achieve an overall classification accuracy of over 98%.
Raman spectroscopic investigation on pure D<sub>2</sub>O/H<sub>2</sub>O from 303 to 573 K: interpretation and implications for water structure (2017)

D 2 O and H 2 O structure are investigated by Raman spectroscopy from 303 to 573 K at saturated vapor pressures in a fused silica capillary tube. As temperature increases to 573 K, Raman peak of D 2 O is blue‐shifted by 93 cm −1 , lower than that of H 2 O by 128 cm −1 , but the two Raman shoulders of D 2 O/H 2 O nearly remain unchanged in wavenumber. By fitting the spectra into five Gaussian components assigned to water molecules with different hydrogen bonding (HB) environments, these spectral features are interpreted by a mechanism that D 2 O and H 2 O have equal types of water molecules with similar HB degrees – fully hydrogen‐bonded H 2 O/D 2 O (FHW/D) and partially hydrogen‐bonded H 2 O/D 2 O (PHW/D) but distinct HB configurations that O…D–O is more symmetric and stronger than O…H–O. Much smaller values but slightly weaker temperature dependence of full widths at half maxima for D 2 O spectra ((FWHM) D2O ) than (FWHM) H2O are primarily due to much weaker but slightly less temperature‐dependent intermolecular couplings in D 2 O than in H 2 O. Enthalpy change (Δ H ) and entropy change (Δ S ) on transition from FHW/D to PHW/D are determined based on Gaussian fitting. At low temperatures, a higher Δ H D2O (8.62 ± 0.06 kJ mol −1 ) than Δ H H2O (7.19 ± 0.05 kJ mol −1 ) further indicates that O…D–O is about 20% stronger than O…H–O. However, difference between O…D–O strength and O…H–O strength tends to diminish above 434 K, suggested by the rather close Δ H D2O and Δ H H2O , and same value of Δ S D2O and Δ S H2O . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smooth muscle α<sub>1D</sub>‐adrenoceptors mediate phenylephrine‐induced vasoconstriction and increases in endothelial cell Ca<sup>2+</sup>in hamster cremaster arterioles (2008)

We reject the hypothesis that hamster cremasteric arteriolar ECs express alpha(1)-adrenoceptors and conclude that alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonists predominantly act on VSMC alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors to cause vasoconstriction and a subsequent rise in EC Ca(2+).
Design and Scaling of W-Band SiGe BiCMOS VCOs (2007)

This paper discusses the design of 77-106 GHz Colpitts VCOs fabricated in two generations of SiGe BiCMOS technology, with MOS and HBT varactors, and with integrated inductors. Based on a study of the optimal biasing conditions for minimum phase noise, it is shown that VCOs can be used to monitor the mm-wave noise performance of SiGe HBTs. Measurements show a 106 GHz VCO operating from 2.5 V with phase noise of -101.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, which delivers +2.5 dBm of differential output power at 25degC, with operation verified up to 125degC. A BiCMOS VCO with a differential MOS-HBT cascode output buffer using 130 nm MOSFETs delivers +10.5 dBm of output power at 87 GHz.