gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four further antibiotics related to olivanic acid produced by Streptomyces olivaceus: Fermentation, isolation, characterisation and biosynthetic studies. (1979)

Four beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitory activity MM 22380, MM 22381, MM 22382 and MM 22383 containing the carbapenem nucleus have been isolated from a culture of Streptomyces olivaceus ATCC 31365. Fermentation conditions for their production and methods for their isolation are described. Evidence for a biosynthetic link between these compounds and the previously described olivanic acid derivatives MM 4550, MM 13902 and MM 17880 is presented.
A High-Power-Factor Single-Stage Single-Switch Electronic Ballast for Compact Fluorescent Lamps (2010)

A very high power factor electronic ballast that uses a single switch in the power circuit is proposed in this paper for compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). The proposed power circuit is designed by integrating a SEPIC power factor corrector with a novel single-switch current-fed resonant inverter. The advantage of this single-switch electronic ballast is that it greatly simplifies the gate-drive circuit design due to the elimination of isolation devices that are otherwise required in the conventional half-bridge totem pole configuration. This topology features a reduction of at least two switches in the power stage compared to conventional two-stage approach for high-power-factor electronic ballasts. In addition, the proposed circuit is also able to achieve close-to-unity power factor by operating the integrated SEPIC power factor corrector in discontinuous conduction mode. The conduction loss of the switch in the proposed circuit is also significantly reduced compared to the conventional class-E single-switch resonant inverter. Experimental results are provided to justify all the theoretical analysis and highlight the features of the proposed circuit on a 13-W CFL.
Transportable digital retinal imager (2003)

The Laser Scanning Digital Camera is a battery-operated, transportable device similar to a consumer digital camera designed to provide low cost, high contrast, non-invasive, non-mydriatic imaging of retinal trauma and disease. The prototypes use confocal slit scanning via a cube mirror, separate illumination and imaging paths, and a 2-D detector.
Development and Characterization of a Novel Live Attenuated Vaccine Against Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (2018)

<i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i> is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen causing enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). Type six secretion system (T6SS) is a sophisticated nanomachine that delivers effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells as well as other bacteria. In the current work, we in-frame deleted the <i>E. ictaluri</i><i>evpB</i> gene located in the T6SS operon by allelic exchange. The safety and efficacy of <i>Ei</i>Δ<i>evpB</i> as well as Aquavac-ESC, a commercial vaccine manufactured by Intervet/Merck Animal Health, were evaluated in channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) fingerlings and fry by immersion exposure. Our results showed that the <i>Ei</i>Δ<i>evpB</i> strain was avirulent and fully protective in catfish fingerlings. The <i>Ei</i>Δ<i>evpB</i> strain was also safe in catfish fry, and immersion vaccination with <i>Ei</i>Δ<i>evpB</i> at doses 10<sup>6</sup> and 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/ml in water resulted in 34.24 and 80.34% survival after wild-type immersion challenge compared to sham-vaccinated fry (1.79% survival). Catfish fry vaccinated with <i>Ei</i>Δ<i>evpB</i> at doses 10<sup>6</sup>, 10<sup>7</sup>, and 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/ml in water exhibited dose-dependent protection. When compared with Aquavac-ESC, <i>Ei</i>Δ<i>evpB</i> provided significantly higher protection in catfish fingerlings and fry (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Results indicate that the <i>Ei</i>Δ<i>evpB</i> strain is safe and can be used to protect catfish fingerlings and fry against <i>E. ictaluri</i>.
Miniature, high-resolution, quadrupole mass-spectrometer array (1997)

A miniature quadrupole mass spectrometer array consisting of 16 rods in a 4×4 array is reported. Each rod is 25 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter. The ionizer is of a miniature Nier-type design, and the detector is a channel-type electron multiplier. Operating frequencies are 5.3, 7.1, and 12.9 MHz. The mass range demonstrated herein is 1–300 u; and the resolution of the system is 0.1–0.5 u (full width at half-maximum), or m/Δm=600. The present sensitivity is calculated and measured to be approximately 1×1012 counts/Torr s.
Process optimization by response surface methodology for transesterification of renewable ethyl acetate to butyl acetate biofuel additive over borated USY zeolite (2015)

Response surface methodology revealed that 4% (w/w) B–USY zeolite is a stable (reusable for 6 cycles) and potential catalyst with a 96% yield of butyl acetate.
Recurrent Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Managed With Intensified Plasma Exchange and Concomitant Monitoring of Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor–Mediated Podocyte β3-integrin Activation (2015)

We conclude that multimodal therapy including extensive PE was associated with stabilization of recurrent FSGS and a temporary lowering of plasma suPAR as well as podocyte β3-integrin activation. Whether a sustained lowering of total suPAR results in further improved outcomes requires additional study.
Conformation and activity of tetrahydrofuran lignans and analogs as specific platelet-activating-factor antagonists (1986)

The six (racemic or meso) isomers of 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran and four corresponding desmethyl analogues were prepared and assayed as inhibitors of platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor binding to rabbit platelet plasma membranes. The inhibition by these isomers is stereodependent and varies with the gross shape of the molecules as determined by the molecular mechanics program MM2. The most potent PAF antagonist in this group of compounds is trans-2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran (L-652,731, 14) with an IC50 of 0.02 microM.
A study for the improvement on knife-edge-type metal-seal flange. (1989)

Present paper describes the performance characteristics of the knife-edge-type metal-seal flange. The aim of the study is to try to make efficient the combination function of flange. Parameters on improved flange are smaller than that of conventional flange as follows;-number of bolt : 1/21/3, tightness torque : 3/5, flange thickness : 7/10.
Enzyme Catalysis:  Tool to Make and Break Amygdalin Hydrogelators from Renewable Resources:  A Delivery Model for Hydrophobic Drugs (2006)

We report a novel approach for the controlled delivery of an antiinflammatory, chemopreventive drug by an enzyme-triggered drug release mechanism via the degradation of encapsulated hydrogels. The hydro- and organogelators are synthesized in high yields from renewable resources by using regioselective enzyme catalysis, and a known chemopreventive and antiinflammatory drug, i.e., curcumin, is used for the model study. The release of the drug occurred at physiological temperature, and control of the drug release rate is achieved by manipulating the enzyme concentration and/or temperature. The byproducts formed after the gel degradation were characterized and clearly demonstrated the site specificity of degradation of the gelator by enzyme catalysis. The present approach could have applications in developing cost-effective controlled drug delivery vehicles from renewable resources, with a potential impact on pharmaceutical research and molecular design and delivery strategies.
New considerations for MOSFET power clamps (2002)

Two ESD clamp circuit design techniques have been developed to reduce cell size and to combat the effects of gate leakage that have become significant in recent generations of digital CMOS process technology. Such clamps have proven to be able to withstand HBM stresses of 6kV and CDM pulses of 1.2kV.
Implicit user modeling for personalized search (2005)

Information retrieval systems (e.g., web search engines) are critical for overcoming information overload. A major deficiency of existing retrieval systems is that they generally lack user modeling and are not adaptive to individual users, resulting in inherently non-optimal retrieval performance. For example, a tourist and a programmer may use the same word "java" to search for different information, but the current search systems would return the same results. In this paper, we study how to infer a user's interest from the user's search context and use the inferred implicit user model for personalized search. We present a decision theoretic framework and develop techniques for implicit user modeling in information retrieval. We develop an intelligent client-side web search agent (UCAIR) that can perform eager implicit feedback, e.g., query expansion based on previous queries and immediate result reranking based on clickthrough information. Experiments on web search show that our search agent can improve search accuracy over the popular Google search engine.
The use of acetates as precursors for the low-temperature synthesis of LiMn sub 2 O sub 4 and LiCoO sub 2 intercalation compounds. [rechargeable lithium electrodes] (1991)

The spinel LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} and layered LiMO{sub 2} (M = Co, Ni) compounds, which are of potential interest for Li intercalation applications, have been synthesized at low temperatures from aqueous solutions of hydroxides, nitrate, and acetate salts. These phases can be prepared in bulk or thick-film form with their crystallization temperature being strongly dependent on oxygen pressure, annealing time, and Li/transition-metal (M) ratio. For instance, the authors succeeded in preparing the spinel Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4}(x = 1) at temperatures as low as 300C, whereas a temperature of 500C was needed to obtain the LiCoO{sub 2} phase. Rechargeable Li batteries using the LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} powders, synthesized at low temperatures, show good capacity and good cycling behavior. Larger amounts of Li(x{gt}1) cannot be directly introduced into the spinel phase by heat treatment under less oxidizing atmospheres obtained by use of mixtures of argon and oxygen.
Performance characteristics of lithium ion cells at low temperatures (2002)

The low temperature charge and discharge characteristics of experimental MCMB-Li/sub x/Ni/sub y/Co/sub 1-y/O/sub 2/ cells containing different electrolytes were investigated. The use of low ethylene carbonate (EC)-content electrolyte formulations has resulted in good discharge performance to temperatures as low as -40/spl deg/C. The effect of charge voltage and charge current upon the individual electrode potentials at low temperature was investigated using the three electrode cells (containing lithium reference electrodes). In some cases, lithium plating was observed to occur upon low temperature charge, and found to be facilitated by high charge voltages, high charge currents, and poor anode kinetics. Electrochemical characterization of the cells has helped to establish the conditions under which lithium plating can occur by providing information regarding the polarization effects present at each electrode.
Interconnection and Packaging for 2D Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Arrays Based on Through-Wafer Trench Isolation (2006)

A new process for connecting elements of a 2D capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array to flip-chip bond pads on the back side of the transducer array is presented. Array elements are isolated from one another by trenches etched into the highly conductive silicon substrate using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). Gold is deposited on the back side of the array to create the flip-chip bond pads. The array is then flip-chip bonded to an integrated circuit that comprises the front-end circuitry for the transducer and provides mechanical support for the isolated array elements. Because the interconnects are fabricated after the CMUT membranes, this technique is suitable for CMUT arrays regardless of the fabrication techniques used to form the membranes.
Abstract IA26: Genomic correlates of response and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (2017)

Abstract The rise of multiple immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, has significantly improved outcomes for multiple patient populations, including melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and urothelial cancers, among others. In parallel, the expansion of precision cancer medicine through robust interrogation of cancer genomes at the point of care has enhanced patient stratification for multiple treatment selection strategies and cancer types. The intersection of clinical cancer genomics and immuno-oncology has created an opportunity to learn how the tumor and germline genomes, along with transcriptomic measurements of the immune microenvironment, impact clinical immune checkpoint blockade response. Here, we describe the current landscape of tumor and microenvironmental genomic correlates of immune checkpoint blockade across cancer subtypes, and examine how emerging genomic studies of immunotherapy responders and non-responders may inform patient selection strategies for clinical trial design in these diverse clinical settings. We explore how these approaches, paired with emerging computational biology methodology, may also enable discovery of new mechanisms of selective treatment response. Finally, we examine emerging genomic data on clinical resistance to immunotherapies, from both signaling pathway and neoantigen evolution perspectives, and discuss the implications for combination treatment strategies. Overall, the convergence of comprehensive clinical genomics and immuno-oncology treatment strategies may inform precision medicine for immunotherapies across cancer types. Citation Format: Eliezer M. Van Allen. Genomic correlates of response and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.
A Microchannel Spatial Light Modulator having the function of preprocessing (1985)

It is necessary for image processing to preprocess the image in many cases. The microchannel spatial light modulator (MSLM) reported here has the functions of writing the positive and negative charge. Moreover it has especially the functions of zooming, deflecting and rotating images. So this device can achieve image differentiation and Laplacian operation as well as image addition, subtraction and logic operations. And it becomes easier to carry out the pattern recognition with this device.
Multiatlas approach with local registration goodness weighting for MRI-based electron density mapping of head and neck anatomy (2017)

We developed a novel image analysis technique to synthesize CT for head and neck anatomy. Novel methods were introduced to accurately register atlas CTs and MRIs as well as to weight the final electron density maps using local registration goodness estimates. The resulting accuracy is clinically acceptable, at least for these atlas patients.
Quantitative quality of distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data (2016)

Great advances have been made in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) vertical seismic profile (VSP) data acquisition hardware and software. Here, we capture a quantitative assessment of the quality of DAS data at a single point in time. We apply comprehensive testing methods to determine the reliability of the data and its suitability as a supplement to geophone data or to gain access to wells where it would be difficult to deploy geophones. The test measurements are made on DAS and geophone data, which were collected at the same time and in the same well. We analyze the first breaks for waveform consistency, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and slowness. Then, we examine the corridor stacks for waveform consistency and S/N ratio. Finally, we test the properties of the measurement, including linearity, repeatability, reliability, and response, as a function of the angle of incidence of a seismic wave to the fiber. The results show that the DAS VSP data provide accurate formation slowness logs and reliable amplitude information suitable for creating seismic images and corridor stacks.
Smectic Liquid Crystal Polarization Interference Filters (1992)

Abstract Surface stabilized smectic liquid crystal devices can be used in a wide variety of optical filters for providing very rapid discrete, and continuous tunability. One such example, analyzed here, is the discrete switching Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Polarization Interference Filter (FLCPIF). This filter is implemented using binary swiching surface stabilized FLC's and linear polarizers. A single-stage FLCPIF is analyzed, and the number of output spectra is determined which optimizes performance and makes the most efficient use of the devices. The extension of principles to multiple-stage FLCPIF's, and FLCPIF's which include passive retarders is discussed.
Nonlinear Optimization Algorithm for Partially Coherent Phase Retrieval and Source Recovery (2016)

We propose a new algorithm for recovering both complex field (phase and amplitude) and source distribution (illumination spatial coherence) from a stack of intensity images captured through focus. The joint recovery is formulated as a nonlinear least-square-error optimization problem, which is solved iteratively by a modified Gauss-Newton method. We derive the gradient and Hessian of the cost function and show that our second-order optimization approach outperforms previously proposed phase retrieval algorithms, for datasets taken with both coherent and partially coherent illumination. The method is validated experimentally in a commercial microscope with both Köhler illumination and a programmable light-emitting diode dome.
Cross-Linked Polymer Gate Dielectric Films for Low-Voltage Organic Transistors (2009)

Cross-linked polymer films were investigated as new gate dielectric materials for low-voltage thin-film transistors. Poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) was cross-linked through esterification reactions with commercially available bifunctional anhydrides, acyl chlorides, and carboxylic acids. The polymer dielectric films were evaluated based on surface morphology, capacitance, leakage current, and their compatibility with organic semiconductors. Thin insulating PVP films cross-linked with dianhydrides yielded a capacitance as high as 400 nF/cm2 with leakage currents below 10−8 A/cm2. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) fabricated on these gate dielectric layers exhibited charge carrier mobilities as high as 3 cm2/(V s) for p-channel pentacene on octadecyltriethoxylsilane (OTS)-modified PVP and 0.045 cm2/(V s) for n-channel perfluorinated copper phthalocyanine (FCuPc).
MUSE: A Methodology for Characterizing and Quantifying the Use of Spectrum (2015)

Dynamic spectrum sharing paradigm is envisaged to meet the growing demand for the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. There exist several technical, regulatory, and business impediments for adopting the new paradigm. In this regard, we underscore the need of characterizing and quantifying the use of spectrum by each of the individual transmitters and receivers. We propose MUSE, a methodology to characterize and quantify the use of spectrum in the space, time, and frequency dimensions. MUSE characterizes the use of spectrum by a transmitter at a point in terms of the RF power occupied by the transmitter. It characterizes the use of spectrum by a receiver at a point in terms of the constraints on the RF-power that can be occupied by any of the transmitters in the system in order to ensure successful reception. It divides the spectrum-space into discrete unit-spectrum-spaces and quantifies the spectrum used by the individual transceivers in the discretized spectrum space. We characterize the performance of the spectrum management functions in the discretized spectrum-space and illustrate maximizing the use of spectrum. In order to address the challenges for the dynamic spectrum sharing paradigm, we emphasize on articulating, defining, and enforcing the spectrum-access rights in the discretized spectrum-space.
DPS quantum key distribution and related technologies (2008)

A unique quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, called DPS (differential-phase-shift) QKD, has been proposed and developed at NTT and Osaka University, which utilizes a coherent pulse train instead of individual photons as in traditional QKD protocols such as BB84. Its security is based on the fact that every phase difference of a highlyattenuated coherent pulse train cannot be fully measured. This protocol has features of simple setup, potential for a high key creation rate, and robustness against photon-number-splitting attack. This paper presents recent research activities on DPS-QKD.
Azetidine derivatives of tricyclic antidepressant agents (1979)

Tricyclic derivatives of azetidine were synthesized and screened for their potential antidepressant activity. The active series had the tricyclic ring attached to position 1 and a basic group in position 3 of the azetidine. The most interesting compounds were comparable to the reference standards for reserpine antagonism in mice, the most active being the dextrorotatory methylamino derivative 84. The pharmacological profile classifies it as a CNS stimulant devoid of peripheral anticholinergic activity.
A structural study of <i>Hypocrea jecorina</i> Cel5A (2011)

Interest in generating lignocellulosic biofuels through enzymatic hydrolysis continues to rise as nonrenewable fossil fuels are depleted. The high cost of producing cellulases, hydrolytic enzymes that cleave cellulose into fermentable sugars, currently hinders economically viable biofuel production. Here, we report the crystal structure of a prevalent endoglucanase in the biofuels industry, Cel5A from the filamentous fungus Hypocrea jecorina. The structure reveals a general fold resembling that of the closest homolog with a high-resolution structure, Cel5A from Thermoascus aurantiacus. Consistent with previously described endoglucanase structures, the H. jecorina Cel5A active site contains a primarily hydrophobic substrate binding groove and a series of hydrogen bond networks surrounding two catalytic glutamates. The reported structure, however, demonstrates stark differences between side-chain identity, loop regions, and the number of disulfides. Such structural information may aid efforts to improve the stability of this protein for industrial use while maintaining enzymatic activity through revealing nonessential and immutable regions.
Comparison of Two Carrier Phase Estimation Schemes in Optical Coherent Detection Systems (2007)

We compare the performance of two carrier-phase-estimation schemes, the decision- feedback and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> th power schemes. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes in terms of performance limit, laser-linewidth tolerance, and polarization tracking.
StreamWorks (2013)

Acting on time-critical events by processing ever growing social media, news or cyber data streams is a major technical challenge. Many of these data sources can be modeled as multi-relational graphs. Mining and searching for subgraph patterns in a continuous setting requires an efficient approach to incremental graph search. The goal of our work is to enable real-time search capabilities for graph databases. This demonstration will present a dynamic graph query system that leverages the structural and semantic characteristics of the underlying multi-relational graph.