gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full view holograms (1970)

Abstract A multiple exposure or sandwiched planar hologram is described on wich is recorded the entire wavefront emanating from a localized object space. An observer walking around this illuminated hologram sees an image in space accurately rendering a 3-D object for a solid angle of 4φ steradians, asymptotically. With large outdoor objects, the holographic stereogram is used as an intermediary in making the composite full-view hologram.
Abstract 19: Prognostic Value of Plasma Choline and Betaine Depend on the Intestinal Microflora-generated Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide (2013)

Background Recent metabolomics and animal model studies show trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an intestinal microbiota-dependent metabolite formed from dietary phosphatidylcholine (PC), is linked with coronary artery disease (CAD) pathogenesis. Prognostic determinants of other PC metabolites recently associated with prevalent CAD risk, such as choline and betaine, have not been described. Methods We examined the relationship between fasting plasma choline, betaine, and TMAO and future risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE=death, myocardial infraction, stroke) over 3-year follow-up in 3,916 subjects undergoing elective coronary angiography. All analytes were quantified by stable isotope dilution LC/MS/MS. Results In our study cohort (mean age 63±11 years, 64% male), median [IQR] TMAO, choline, and betaine levels were 3.7 [2.4-6.2] μM, 9.8 [7.9-12.2] μM, and 41.1 [32.5-52.1] μM, respectively. Modest but statistically significant correlations were noted between TMAO and choline (r=0.33, p<0.001) and between TMAO and betaine (r=0.09, p<0.001). Higher plasma TMAO, choline and betaine levels were associated with a 2.7-fold, 1.9-fold, and 1.4-fold increased risk of MACE, respectively (Quartiles 4 vs 1: p<0.01, each). Following adjustments for traditional risk factors and hsCRP, elevated TMAO (Quartiles 4 vs 1: Hazard ratio, 1.97 [95% CI 1.50-2.60], p<0.01), choline (HR 1.34 [95% CI 1.03-1.74], p<0.05) and betaine levels (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.03-1.73], p<0.05) each predicted increased MACE risk, but only TMAO predicted MACE risk when all 3 metabolites were included in the model (HR, 1.73 [95% CI 1.3-2.31], p<0.01). Choline and betaine only predicted increased MACE risk in those with elevated TMAO levels. Conclusion Elevated plasma levels of TMAO, and to a lesser extent choline and betaine, are associated with incident MACE risk. However, high choline and betaine levels are only associated with higher risk of future MACE with concomitant increase in TMAO. Collectively, these findings further support the atherogenic associations between intestinal-microflora dependent metabolism of PC and atherosclerosis in humans.
Synthesis and liquid crystal properties of phthalocyanine derivatives containing both alkyl and readily oxidised phenolic substituents (1996)

The synthesis, using a mixed phthalonitrile cyclotetramisation, of phthalocyanine derivatives containing both long alkyl side-chains and redox-active, sterically hindered phenolic (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) substituents is described. A detailed structural characterisation, including high resolution NMR spectroscopy, revealed that the statistically predicted amounts of regioisomers were prepared for each compound. Some isomers could be isolated using a combination of column chromatography and HPLC. A detailed investigation of their thermotropic mesophase behaviour is reported, including X-ray diffraction structure determination. These compounds are designed to combine interesting oxidative behaviour with liquid crystalline properties.
Low bit rate transform coder, decoder, and encoder/decoder for high quality audio (1994)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Louis D. Fielder, Grant A. Davidson; Low bit rate transform coder, decoder, and encoder/decoder for high quality audio. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 October 1994; 96 (4): 2621. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.410042 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
High performance photodiodes based on InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices for very long wavelength infrared detection (2014)

Very long wavelength infrared photodetectors based on InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices are demonstrated on GaSb substrate. A heterostructure photodiode was grown with 50% cut-off wavelength of 14.6 μm. At 77 K, the photodiode exhibited a peak responsivity of 4.8 A/W, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 46% at −300 mV bias voltage from front side illumination without antireflective coating. With the dark current density of 0.7 A/cm2, it provided a specific detectivity of 1.4 × 1010 Jones. The device performance was investigated as a function of operating temperature, revealing a very stable optical response and a background limited performance below 50 K.
Synthesis and Characterization of Diblock and Gel-Forming Pentablock Copolymers of Tertiary Amine Methacrylates, Poly(ethylene glycol), and Poly(propylene glycol) (2003)

Novel pH-sensitive gel-forming pentablock copolymers based on commercially available Pluronic (poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide), PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO) triblock copolymers and cationic diblock copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) were synthesized by oxyanionic polymerization. Polymerization of the cationic moiety, poly((diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), PDEAEM, was initiated by a difunctional potassium alcoholate of the triblock Pluronic copolymer F127 (PEO106−PPO69−PEO106) or PEGME. The difunctionality of the initiation using the triblock macroinitiator, indicating formation of a pentablock copolymer rather than a tetrablock copolymer, was verified by functionalized termination of the living polymer chains. Critical micellization temperatures (cmt) of the synthesized polymers were obtained from differential scanning calorimetry for the pentablock materials. The pentablock copolymers retained the thermoreversible gel-forming properties of Pluronic F127 as well as similar cmt values. The polydispersity of both the diblock and pentablock copolymers was similar to the macroinitiators, indicating a very low polydispersity associated with the addition of the cationic PDEAEM blocks. Both of the materials show pH-sensitive release behavior, whereas the native polymers do not.
Diagnostic Measurements of Fuel Spray Dispersion (1982)

Plume shape, vaporization, droplet-size distribution, and number density of a solid-cone fuel spray were studied with both conventional and novel measurement techniques. Minor differences in spray plume shape were observed by measurements with photography, pulsed laser shadowgraphy, and in-line infrared spectroscopy. Laser Mie scattering showed the dispersion of small numbers of droplets beyond spray boundaries as determined by other measurements. A new optical method for nonintrusive, local, time-averaged measurement of vapor concentration, droplet-size distribution and number density within an axisymmetric spray is introduced. For the spray studied this method showed that vapor is confined to the spray plume and that vapor concentration and the concentration of small-diameter droplets exhibit analogous behavior.
Can Active Immunization Redirect an Anti-IgE Immune Response? (1997)

We used as a template a mouse monoclonal antibody against IgE to isolate peptides from random peptide phage display libraries. Thereby, two types of peptides were isolated that corresponded to two different epitopes on the human IgE molecule. These peptides, also called mimotopes, seem to be a suitable tool in conjunction with carriers to induce an autoimmune response with a beneficial effect in humans, because the originally used template antibody is capable of neutralizing IgE, is nonanaphylactogenic, and inhibits IgE synthesis. The vaccination approach is further supported by the fact that we were capable of isolating anti-idiotypic antibodies from antibody phage display libraries against the template antibody. These anti-idiotypic antibodies were inhibited by both of the isolated IgE mimotopes. Thus, active vaccination with defined IgE mimotopes may represent a follow-up drug for the presently used anti-IgE antibodies.
Lens applicator for localized microwave hyperthermia (1982)

Abstract Hyperthermia is now recognized as an effective means for cancer therapy, and many reports on the irradiation of biological subjects by electromagnetic waves to produce dielectric heating and hyperthermia have been reported. Although it is desirable in hyperthermia selectively to heat the cancer tissue, it is difficult to estimate the heat distribution in the subject owing to insufficient analysis of the electromagnetic field distribution in the irradiated subject. At present it is not yet possible to control the temperature distribution in the biological subject. In electromagnetic wave hyperthermia, microwaves are effective from the viewpoint of efficiency or selective heating. On the other hand, it is difficult to heat a cancer in deep tissue because of reduced penetration of the microwaves into the subject. This paper shows experimentally and by theoretical analysis, using a microwave lens geometrically designed to produce a focused cylindrical wave as the applicator, that selective heating is possible for tissue 10 to 40 percent deeper than with planar wave. It is shown that the microwave lens applicator is effective for the heating of biological tissues.
A second gene at the tomato Cf-4 locus confers resistance to Cladosporium fulvum through recognition of a novel avirulence determinant (1999)

The tomato Cf-4 and Cf-9 genes confer resistance to the leaf mould pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and map at a complex locus on the short arm of chromosome 1. It was previously shown that the gene encoding Cf-4, which recognizes the Avr4 avirulence determinant, is one of five tandemly duplicated homologous genes (Hcr9-4s) at this locus. Cf-4 was identified by molecular analysis of rare Cf-4/Cf-9 disease-sensitive recombinants and by complementation analysis. The analysis did not exclude the possibility that an additional gene(s) located distal to Cf-4 may also confer resistance to C. fulvum. We demonstrate that a number of Dissociation-tagged Cf-4 mutants, identified on the basis of their insensitivity to Avr4, are still resistant to infection by C. fulvum race 5. Molecular analysis of 16 Cf-4 mutants, most of which have small chromosomal deletions in this region, suggested the additional resistance specificity is encoded by Hcr9-4E. Hcr9-4E recognizes a novel C. fulvum avirulence determinant that we have designated Avr4E.
An implementation-oriented heat transfer model for black liquor evaporation (2007)

To improve the energy efficiency in the pulp and paper process, thermal integration of the evaporation plant with other parts of the plant is an option. Evaporation of black liquor up to higher dry solid content gives a higher heating value of the black liquor used in the recovery boiler. A high dry solid content means that the viscosity of the black liquor becomes very high. The link between viscosity and heat transfer for black liquor is therefore interesting. Experimental and theoretical knowledge is essential for proper design of evaporators for this purpose. A simplified model for the black liquor falling-film evaporation heat transfer coefficient is suggested. Without a substantial increase in uncertainty, only dependence on mass flow rate and viscosity is included in the model. The model is created from experimental data from experiments performed with a research evaporation plant with a 4.5 m long evaporator tube. Heat transfer in falling-film evaporators has been studied by other researchers before. The falling-film black liquor evaporation heat transfer coefficient dependence on mass flow rate (in a limited mass flow rate range) and viscosity according to this study is in agreement with some of these earlier studies. Above a certain mass flow rate limit, however, the experimental heat transfer coefficient was constant or even decreased with increasing mass flow rate.
MULTISPECTRAL LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE ASSESSMENT OF POSTHARVEST FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY (2005)

Ns-scale, time dependent fluorescence emission characteristics of apples contaminated with a range of diluted cow feces were acquired using a recently developed multispectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging system. Four spectral bands, F670, F680, F685 and F730, centered near the emission peak wavelengths of the major constituents responsible for the red fluorescence emissions from apples and animal feces were examined. The objective of the study was to investigate ns-scale fluorescence emission characteristics of samples to determine a suitable single red fluorescence band and optimal gate-delay time for detection of fecal contamination on apples. The results based on the ns decay curves show that 670 nm with 10 nm FWHM provides the greatest difference in time-dependent fluorescence responses of feces treated and untreated apples surfaces at a gate-delay of 4 ns from the laser excitation peak. With these detection parameters, fluorescence emissions from the diluted feces spot account for a minimum of 27% of the total emissions.
Genome‐wide DNA methylation profiles in liver tissue at the precancerous stage and in hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

To clarify genome-wide DNA methylation profiles during hepatocarcinogenesis, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array-based methylated CpG island amplification was performed on 126 tissue samples. The average numbers of BAC clones showing DNA hypo- or hypermethylation increased from noncancerous liver tissue obtained from patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) (N) to HCCs. N appeared to be at the precancerous stage, showing DNA methylation alterations that were correlated with the future development of HCC. Using Wilcoxon test, 25 BAC clones, whose DNA methylation status was inherited by HCCs from N and were able to discriminate 15 N samples from 10 samples of normal liver tissue obtained from patients without HCCs (C) with 100% sensitivity and specificity, were identified. The criteria using the 25 BAC clones were able to discriminate 24 additional N samples from 26 C samples in the validation set with 95.8% sensitivity and 96.2% specificity. Using Wilcoxon test, 41 BAC clones, whose DNA methylation status was able to discriminate patients who survived more than 4 years after hepatectomy from patients who suffered recurrence within 6 months and died within a year after hepatectomy, were identified. The DNA methylation status of the 41 BAC clones was correlated with the cancer-free and overall survival rates of patients with HCC. Multivariate analysis revealed that satisfying the criteria using the 41 BAC clones was an independent predictor of overall outcome. Genome-wide alterations of DNA methylation may participate in hepatocarcinogenesis from the precancerous stage, and DNA methylation profiling may provide optimal indicators for carcinogenetic risk estimation and prognostication.
Microwave imaging for breast cancer detection and therapy monitoring (2011)

Microwave imaging is based on recovering the electrical properties, namely permittivity and conductivity, of materials. Microwave imaging for biomedical applications is particularly interesting, because the available range of dielectric properties of different tissues can provide substantial functional information about their health. Breast cancer detection and treatment response monitoring are areas where microwave imaging is becoming a promising alternative/complementary technique to current imaging modalities, mainly due to the significant dielectric property contrast between normal and malignant breast tissues. In this paper, we present our latest clinical microwave imaging system along with some 2D and 3D reconstructed images from different phantom experiments and patient data.
Miniature Cylindrical Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2002)

A miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer is described, and preliminary data are presented. Functionality and performance of laboratory-scale instruments have been maintained to the extent possible in this battery-operated mass spectrometer. Capabilities include tandem mass spectrometry experiments. Custom-designed electronic components include the RF scanning and amplification system, data acquisition components, and lens power supplies, as well as a custom-software application. Direct leak and membrane introduction inlet systems are used for sample introduction. A mass/charge range of approximately 250 Th with unit mass resolution has been demonstrated.
Robotic additive manufacturing process simulation - towards design and analysis with building parameter in consideration (2016)

Additive manufacturing (AM) provides an opportunity to a new design concept in which the manufacturing constrain is released. The engineering design and optimization can include part building parameters to take the advantages of additive manufacturing or 3D printing technology. This paper presents a robotic additive manufacturing process simulation method which pushes one step further in the direction of design and analysis of AM part with building parameters in consideration. A virtual part with design geometry and building bead from Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology is presented in a robotic simulation software platform - RobotStudio. The part building path and bead size can be tuned based on the AM path, FDM equipment, robot model, extrusion head types, and configuration as well as building temperature and material properties. Future work in this direction is also proposed and discussed.
A comparison of synthetic and human observer approaches to multispectral sensor resolution assessment (2011)

Resolution is one of the key parameters addressing the quality capability of a sensor. One approach to determining the resolution of a sensor/display system is to use a resolution target pattern to find the smallest "resolved" element using the system, which typically requires a human in the loop to make the assessment. This paper compares the results of a software approach to generate an effective resolution value for a sensor with human vision results using the same images. Landolt Cs were selected as the resolution target, which were imaged at multiple distances from multiple sensors. The images were analyzed using the software to determine the orientation of the C at each distance, resulting in a probability of correct orientation detection curve as a function of distance. Probability of correct orientation detection as a function of distance was also obtained directly from subjects that viewed the imagery. These curves were then used to generate "resolution" values for the sensor using the software results and the subject results. Resolution results for both the software and the participants were obtained for four different spectral band sensors as well as for fused images from two pairs of sensors.
An Indirect Route for Ethanol Production (2005)

The ZeaChem indirect method is a radically new approach to producing fuel ethanol from renewable resources. Sugar and syngas processing platforms are combined in a novel way that allows all fractions of biomass feedstocks (e.g. carbohydrates, lignins, etc.) to contribute their energy directly into the ethanol product via fermentation and hydrogen based chemical process technologies. The goals of this project were: (1) Collect engineering data necessary for scale-up of the indirect route for ethanol production, and (2) Produce process and economic models to guide the development effort. Both goals were successfully accomplished. The projected economics of the Base Case developed in this work are comparable to today's corn based ethanol technology. Sensitivity analysis shows that significant improvements in economics for the indirect route would result if a biomass feedstock rather that starch hydrolyzate were used as the carbohydrate source. The energy ratio, defined as the ratio of green energy produced divided by the amount of fossil energy consumed, is projected to be 3.11 to 12.32 for the indirect route depending upon the details of implementation. Conventional technology has an energy ratio of 1.34, thus the indirect route will have a significant environmental advantage over today's technology. Energy savings of 7.48 trillion Btu/yr will result when 100 MMgal/yr (neat) of ethanol capacity via the indirect route is placed on-line by the year 2010.
Cell cultures and associated retroviruses in multiple sclerosis (1997)

Retroviral particles associated with reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in cell-cultures from MS patients have been reported by different groups. Cell-cultures have been used for the study and characterization of the corresponding retroviral genome which we have shown is related to ERV9 in the pol region. Previously unpublished details of a study with monocyte cultures are presented together with observations on leptomeningeal and choroid-plexus cultures. The generation of self-transformed cultures after inhibition of interferon, followed by the loss of retroviral expression and recurrent apoptosis, is analyzed. Retroviral particles with RT-activity are produced in monocyte cultures with an apparent correlation with MS disease activity. However, though leptomeningeal and choroid plexus cells from MS can be passaged for a limited period, their evolution in vitro is not compatible with stable retroviral expression. These culture limitations greatly hampered progress on the elucidation of the retroviral genome sequence.
Coded Polarization-Multiplexed Iterative Polar Modulation (PM-IPM) for Beyond 400 Gb/s Serial Optical Transmission (2010)

We propose a coded polarization-multiplexed iterative polar modulation (PM-IPM) as an enabling coded-modulation scheme for beyond 400Gb/s serial optical transmission. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve 400Gb/s optical transmission over 2250km (for M=16).
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Virus 3C Protease Mutant L127P: Implications for FMD Vaccine Development (2017)

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) afflicts livestock in more than 80 countries, limiting food production and global trade. Production of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines requires cytosolic expression of the FMDV 3C protease to cleave the P1 polyprotein into mature capsid proteins, but the FMDV 3C protease is toxic to host cells. To identify less-toxic isoforms of the FMDV 3C protease, we screened 3C mutants for increased transgene output in comparison to wild-type 3C using a <i>Gaussia</i> luciferase reporter system. The novel point mutation 3C(L127P) increased yields of recombinant FMDV subunit proteins in mammalian and bacterial cells expressing P1-3C transgenes and retained the ability to process P1 polyproteins from multiple FMDV serotypes. The 3C(L127P) mutant produced crystalline arrays of FMDV-like particles in mammalian and bacterial cells, potentially providing a practical method of rapid, inexpensive FMD vaccine production in bacteria.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The mutant FMDV 3C protease L127P significantly increased yields of recombinant FMDV subunit antigens and produced virus-like particles in mammalian and bacterial cells. The L127P mutation represents a novel advancement for economical FMD vaccine production.