gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparse array technology for 3-D sonar imaging systems (1999)

A three-dimensional sonar imaging system is under development for use by Navy divers for mine-field reconnaissance and mine-hunting systems. Divers require a small, low-power, lightweight acoustic imaging system with high resolution for examining and disposing of underwater ordinance. Sparse array technology is investigated to develop a sonar requiring the minimal number of signal processing channels while maintaining the beamwidth and sidelobe structure required for high-resolution imaging. Beamwidth and sidelobe structure are examined as a function of transducer element count, channel bandwith, and element location when optimized using various cost functions. Locally optimum solutions are computed for uniformly weighted sparse arrays. Cost functions evaluated for the optimization process compute average sidelobe energy, peak sidelobe energy and a weighted average sidelobe energy. Images will be formed using multiple CCD/CMOS time-delay beamforming circuits to compute the large number of beams required to provide a real-time high-resolution image.
Single layer tilting actuator with multiple close-gap electrodes (2007)

We report on the novel architecture and operational principle of a tilting electrostatic actuator fabricated using single structural layer. The actuator is fabricated using silicon on insulator (SOI) technology and incorporates comb-like high aspect ratio electrodes oriented in the direction parallel to the rotation axis of the tilting element. Tilting motion is accompanied by the decrease of the distance between the electrodes, resulting in the non-uniform distribution of electrostatic pressure and appearance of the actuation torque. A feasibility study is performed using a reduced order model of the electrostatically actuated device and verified by a coupled three-dimensional simulation. Experimental results suggest that this architecture can be efficiently used for static and resonant operation of electrostatic devices where the tilting motion is desirable.
Enhanced photovoltaic performance with co-sensitization of quantum dots and an organic dye in dye-sensitized solar cells (2014)

CdSe QDs of two different sizes have been combined with organic and organometallic sensitizers. The enhancement of the efficiency in QDDSSCs depends on the size of the QD and on the nature of the dye.
TRANSACTION TIME STAMPING IN (TEMPORAL) DATABASES (2001)

Many database applications need accountability and trace-ability that necessitate retaining previous database states. For a transaction-time database supporting this, the choice of times used to timestamp database records, to establish when records are or were current, needs to be consistent with a committed transaction serialization order. Previous solutions have chosen timestamps at commit time, selecting a time that agrees with commit order. However, SQL standard databases can require an earlier choice because a statement within a transaction may request &quot;current time.&quot; Managing timestamps chosen before a serialization order is established is the challenging problem we solve here. By building on two-phase locking concurrency control, we can delay a transaction&apos;s choice of a timestamp, reducing the chance that transactions may need to be aborted in order keep timestamps consistent with a serialization order. Also, while timestamps stored with records in a transaction-time database make it possible to directly identify write-write and write-read conflicts, handling read-write conflicts requires more. Our simple auxiliary structure conservatively detects read-write conflicts, and hence provides transaction timestamps that are consistent with a serialization order. 1
Novel CMOS Circuits to Measure Data-Dependent Jitter, Random Jitter, and Sinusoidal Jitter in Real Time (2008)

This paper presents a new zero dead-time architecture for data jitter measurement, which is suitable for on- or off-chip implementations. Two circuits for measurement of data-dependent jitter (DDJ), random jitter (RJ), and sinusoidal jitter (SJ) are demonstrated. The circuits were implemented in a 0.11-mum CMOS process with 1.2-V supply. They utilize a data-to-clock converter, pulse generators, and an integrator followed by a sample-and-hold. The circuits do not require a reference clock, and can demodulate a jittery random binary sequence to output either a DDJ or RJ or SJ waveform in real time. The SJ sensitivity of the circuit with sample-and-hold is 11 muV/ps with an error of 1.56 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> for a 2.5-Gb/s seven-stage pseudorandom binary sequence. The RJ sensitivity of the other circuit without sample-and-hold is 38 muV/ps.
Combined Clinical Trial Results of a HER2/<i>neu</i>(E75) Vaccine for the Prevention of Recurrence in High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients: U.S. Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-01 and I-02 (2008)

E75 is safe and effective in raising a dose-dependent HER2/neu immunity in HLA-A2 and HLA-A3 NP and NN breast cancer patients. More importantly, E75 may reduce recurrences in disease-free, conventionally treated, high-risk breast cancer patients. These findings warrant a prospective, randomized phase III trial of the E75 vaccine with periodic booster to prevent breast cancer recurrences.
Recent developments in single-photon detection with superconducting nanowires (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Superconducting nanowires are currently a key technology for photon sensing, with key performance metrics exceeding those of most competing technologies. For example, recently detector timing resolution of just 3 ps for single visible photons was demonstrated. In addition, infrared sensitivity has long been a key advantage of these techniques. But the field continues to change rapidly, with interesting architectures emerging that promise increased functionality in the same form factor. For example, imaging, photon-number-resolution, and spectroscopy are all promising directions the field is now pursuing. In this review, I will explain the technology, applications, and background device physics, but also touch on some of the latest new developments.
ReNoVatE: Recovery from node failure in virtual network embedding (2016)

Network visualization (NV) has evolved as a key enabling technology for offering the next generation network services. Recently, it is being rolled out in data center networks as a means to provide bandwidth guarantees to cloud applications. With increasing deployments of virtual networks (VNs) in commercial-grade networks with commodity hardware, VNs need to tackle failures in the underlying substrate network. In this paper, we study the problem of recovering a batch of VNs affected by a substrate node failure. The combinatorial possibilities of alternate embeddings of the failed virtual nodes and links of the VNs makes the task of finding the most efficient recovery both non-trivial and intractable. Furthermore, any recovery approach ideally should not cause any service disruption for the unaffected parts of the VNs. We take into account these issues to design a recovery approach for maximizing recovery and minimizing the cost of recovery and network disruption. We provide an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation of our recovery scheme. We also propose a fast and scalable heuristic algorithm to tackle the computational complexity of the ILP solution. Evaluation results demonstrate that our heuristic performs close to the optimal solution and outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithm.
Dielectric method of high‐resolution gas hydrate estimation (2005)

In‐situ dielectric properties of natural gas hydrate are measured for the first time in the Mallik 5L‐38 Well in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada. The average dielectric constant of the hydrate zones is 9, ranging from 5 to 20. The average resistivity is >5 ohm.m in the hydrate zones, ranging from 2 to 10 ohm.m at a 1.1 GHz dielectric tool frequency. The dielectric logs show similar trends with sonic and induction resistivity logs, but exhibits inherently higher vertical resolution (<5 cm). The average in‐situ hydrate saturation in the well is about 70%, ranging from 20% to 95%. The dielectric estimates are overall in agreement with induction estimates but the induction log tends to overestimate hydrate content up to 15%. Dielectric estimates could be used as a better proxy of in‐situ hydrate saturation in modeling hydrate dynamics. The fine‐scale structure in hydrate zones could help reveal hydrate formation history.
A monoclonal antibody directed against a serotype-specific, outer-membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced against outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) of Haemophilus influenzae type b. The clones were screened by ELISA with outer-membrane preparations of H. influenzae type b and untypable strains as coating antigens. Antibodies directed against the proteins of mol. wt (10(3)) 43, 37 and 13 were identified by immunoblotting of SDS-PAGE patterns of OMPs. Proteolytic enzyme treatments of the OMPs resulted in reduction of Mab reactivity as measured by ELISA. Furthermore, the absence of reactivity of Mab Hb-2 with a preparation of lipopolysaccharide confirmed the protein nature of its corresponding epitope. Binding assays with live bacteria showed that Hb-2 reacted with a cell surface-exposed antigenic determinant. Mab Hb-2 was bactericidal in vitro in the presence of complement. The characterisation of Hb-2 (IgG2a) by Western immunoblotting analysis revealed that it was directed against the 37 X 10(3)-mol. wt OMP. In a dot-enzyme immunoassay, Hb-2 reacted specifically with 326 strains of H. influenzae type b. It did not cross-react with the other serotypes or untypable strains of H. influenzae or with other bacterial species. This is the first report of a monoclonal antibody identifying a serotype-specific surface-exposed OMP of H. influenzae type b.
Moving coil linear variable differential transformer (1978)

A moving-coil linear variable differential transformer with no ferromagnetic components is described. The device is essentially interchangeable with a conventional moving-core linear variable differential transformer, but is virtually unaffected by ambient magnetic fields up to 8 T. The transducer is connected to a standard commercially available carrier amplifier for signal conditioning.
Peritumoral administration of GPI-anchored TIMP-1 inhibits colon carcinoma growth in Rag-2 γ chain-deficient mice (2009)

Exogenous application of recombinant TIMP-1 protein modified by addition of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor allows efficient insertion of the fusion protein into cell membranes. This 'cell surface engineering' leads to changes in the proteolytic environment. TIMP-1-GPI shows enhanced as well as novel in vitro biological activities including suppression of proliferation, reduced migration, and inhibition of invasion of the colon carcinoma cell line SW480. Treatment of SW480 tumors implanted in Rag (-/-) common gamma chain (-/-) C57BL/6 mice with peritumorally applied TIMP-1-GPI, control rhTIMP-1 protein, or vehicle shows that TIMP-1-GPI leads to a significant reduction in tumor growth.
28.3 A 606μW mm-Scale Bluetooth Low-Energy Transmitter Using Co-Designed 3.5×3.5mm<sup>2</sup> Loop Antenna and Transformer-Boost Power Oscillator (2019)

Wireless communication has been a limiting factor for achieving millimeter-sized wireless sensor nodes because of the high power consumption, large antenna size and off-chip components typically required. Several mm-scale radios have been proposed [1-3]; however, all use proprietary communication protocols, which afford their designers more flexibility to address the above challenges. For interoperability and ubiquitous adoption, it is important that mm-scale radios use standard protocols, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). However, implementing a BLE-compliant radio in a mm-scale form factor poses significant additional challenges. These include the requirements for center frequency deviation (<;150kHz), FSK modulation accuracy and frequency drift during the packet (<;50kHz), which drive up the power consumption of typical PLL+VCO+PA BLE transmitters to >3mW [4-5]. A 0.5mW BLE transmitter was achieved by relaxing these requirements, but suffered from high phase noise due to its low-power ring oscillator [6].
Production of L-tryptophan by sulfonamide-resistant mutants. (1984)

Sulfaguanidine-resistant mutant S-225, derived from a tryptophan-producing 5-fluorotryptophan-resistant mutant of Brevibacterium flavum, accumulated 19 g/liter of L-tryptophan at maximumwhencultured for 72hr in a mediumcontaining 13%glucose as carbon source, 1.8-fold higher than did the parent. Strain S-225 accumulated 17 g/liter of L-tryptophan in a medium containing 10% sucrose as carbon source (17% yield based on the sugar). It also accumulated 450mg/liter of chorismate, an intermediate commonto the biosyntheses of tryptophan and p-aminobenzoate. The accumulation was 1.7-fold higher than that by the parent, suggesting that the intracellular concentration of chorismate was increased through acquisition of the sulfaguanidine resistance. Sulfaguanidine-resistant mutants were also derived from a tryptophanproducing mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum. The mutants showed 2.2-fold higher maximumtryptophan production than did the parent.
Thymosin Alpha-1 Enhances the Fertilizing Capacity of Human Sperm Cell: Implication in Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Infertility1 (1992)

The effects of synthetic thymosin peptides (T alpha 1 and T beta 4) and their antibodies on the fertilizing capacity of human sperm cells were investigated. T alpha 1, but not the T beta 4, significantly (p < 0.001) increased the human sperm penetration rates in sperm penetration assay (SPA). Antibodies to both T alpha 1 and TB4, which predominantly bound to the acrosomal region of human sperm cell in the indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFT), also significantly (p < 0.001) increased (up to 4.7-fold) the human sperm penetration rates in SPA. The T alpha 1 and antibodies to both T alpha 1 and T beta 4 enhanced spontaneous as well as calcium ionophore-induced acrosome reaction and release of acrosin from the human sperm cells. There was no effect of T alpha 1 and antibodies to T alpha 1 and T beta 4 on percent sperm motility, although they significantly affected various motility characteristics such as velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and beta frequency--the motility parameters involved in hyperactivation phenomenon of sperm cells. Both T alpha 1 and T beta 4 were detected in the seminal plasma of fertile men, and the levels of T alpha 1 were significantly (p = 0.002) lower in the seminal plasma of infertile men having defective sperm function. These results indicate that the thymosin molecules, especially T alpha 1, may have a role in human sperm capacitation leading to acrosome reaction. These findings also suggest that the T alpha 1 may find clinical applications in the specific diagnosis and treatment of male infertility in humans.
Conversion of human fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by small molecules (2016)

Reprogramming somatic fibroblasts into alternative lineages would provide a promising source of cells for regenerative therapy. However, transdifferentiating human cells into specific homogeneous, functional cell types is challenging. Here we show that cardiomyocyte-like cells can be generated by treating human fibroblasts with a combination of nine compounds that we term 9C. The chemically induced cardiomyocyte-like cells uniformly contracted and resembled human cardiomyocytes in their transcriptome, epigenetic, and electrophysiological properties. 9C treatment of human fibroblasts resulted in a more open-chromatin conformation at key heart developmental genes, enabling their promoters and enhancers to bind effectors of major cardiogenic signals. When transplanted into infarcted mouse hearts, 9C-treated fibroblasts were efficiently converted to chemically induced cardiomyocyte-like cells. This pharmacological approach to lineage-specific reprogramming may have many important therapeutic implications after further optimization to generate mature cardiac cells.
Modeling Interestingness with Deep Neural Networks (2014)

An Modeler uses deep neural networks to learn deep semantic models (DSM) of interestingness. The DSM, consisting of two branches of deep neural networks or their convolutional versions, identifies and predicts target documents that would interest users reading source documents. The learned model observes, identifies, and detects naturally occurring signals of interestingness in click transitions between source and target documents derived from web browser logs. Interestingness is modeled with deep neural networks that map source-target document pairs to feature vectors in a latent space, trained on document transitions in view of a context and optional focus of source and target documents. Network parameters are learned to minimize distances between source documents and their corresponding interesting targets in that space. The resulting interestingness model has applicable uses, including, but not limited to, contextual entity searches, automatic text highlighting, prefetching documents of likely interest, automated content recommendation, automated advertisement placement, etc.
Techniques for low sidelobe, high efficiency offset dual reflector antennas (1981)

Antennas with very low sidelobe levels and high aperture efficiencies are employed in satellite communications for both ground and satellite borne systems to reduce microwave interference due to traffic congestion to and from the geostationary satellite orbit. Multiple beam antennas with sidelobes 30 to 40 dB below main beam peaks are required with aperture efficiencies approaching 80%. In the present investigation techniques are presented which make it possible to obtain multibeam patterns with the required characteristics. The considered limited scanned antennas have applications to military and commercial radars as well as to space communications. It is pointed out that offset dual reflector antennas designed according to Japanese tilt criteria offer attractive solutions because optimum aperture distributions can be realized without aperture blocking. Attention is given to ideal aperture distributions, corrugated conical horn design, and subreflector design.
Limit Cycle Oscillation Reduction for Digital Low Dropout Regulators (2016)

The digital low dropout regulator (D-LDO) has drawn significant attention recently for its low-voltage operation and process-scalability. However, the D-LDO inherently suffers from limit cycle oscillation (LCO). To address this issue, the modes and amplitudes of LCO are calculated in this work and verified by SPICE simulation in a 65-nm CMOS process. An LCO reduction technique for the D-LDO is then proposed, by adding two unit power transistors in parallel with the main power MOS array as a feedforward path. This technique sets the LCO mode to 1 and effectively reduces the ripple amplitude for a wide (0.5-20 mA) load current range. When compared with the dead-zone scheme, this technique minimizes LCO with negligible circuit complexity and design difficulty.
Differences in cross-protection in rats immunized with the B subunits of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (1984)

Although cholera toxin (CT), Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT), and their B subunits are known to be immunologically related, the ability of each to raise an antitoxin response that provides equally strong cross-protection against active challenge with pure heterologous toxin has not been examined previously. We immunized rats with pure preparations of the B subunits of human LT, porcine LT, and CT. Immunization with either of the LT B subunits raised greater than or equal to fourfold increases in specific mucosal immunoglobulin A antitoxin titers to homologous and heterologous LT and CT B subunits, thereby providing strong protection against active challenge in ligated ileal loops with all three respective holotoxins and with a viable LT-producing E. coli strain. In contrast, immunization with the CT B subunit raised a greater than or equal to fourfold increase in antitoxin titers only to itself and provided strong protection only against challenge with the CT holotoxin. Conjugation of the CT B subunit with the E. coli heat-stable toxin by the carbodiimide reaction yielded a cross-linked immunogen with equal antigenicity for both components; immunization with this conjugate raised greater than or equal to fourfold increases in antitoxin titers to both components, but it provided significant protection only against challenge with a viable heat-stable toxin-producing E. coli strain and not to an LT-producing E. coli strain. These observations indicate that immunization with the LT B subunits raises a heterologous antitoxin response that extends to the CT B subunit, thereby providing equally strong protection against LT and CT; however, immunization with the CT B subunit raises principally a homologous antitoxin response, so that this immunogen provides strong protection only against CT.
Reconstruction algorithm for novel ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (1999)

We introduce a new magnetic field geometry, Bx(x, y) = gyy cos(qxx), to spatially encode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The field is called the PERL field since it is PERiodic in x and Linear in y. A technique is proposed to acquire two-dimensional (2D) data without switching the encoding fields. The time-domain PERL signal and image are not related by a two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT). They are related by a 1DFT in the x-dimension and a new Bessel function integral transform, called the PERL transform, in the y-dimension. We numerically solve this equation and develop a reconstruction algorithm. The algorithm is evaluated by assuming a known spin density which is then used to calculate the PERL signal. This signal is the input for the algorithm. We show the reconstructed image matches the convolution of the initial assumed spin density and a point spread function (PSF). We identify the PSF and describe the conditions under which it approaches δ. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 10, 209–215, 1999
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable α- <scp>l</scp> -Arabinofuranosidase from a Color-Variant Strain of <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> (1998)

A color-variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-L-AFase) when grown in liquid culture on oat spelt xylan. An extracellular alpha-L-AFase was purified 215-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulfate treatment, DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose column chromatography, gel filtration on a Bio-Gel A-0.5m column, arabinan-Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography, and SP-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography. The purified enzyme had a native molecular weight of 210,000 and was composed of two equal subunits. It had a half-life of 8 h at 75 degrees C, displayed optimal activity at 75 degrees C and pH 4.0 to 4.5, and had a specific activity of 21.48 mumol min-1. mg-1 of protein against p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (pNP alpha AF). The purified alpha-L-AFase readily hydrolyzed arabinan and debranched arabinan and released arabinose from arabinoxylans but was inactive against arabinogalactan. The K(m) values of the enzyme for the hydrolysis of pNP alpha AF, arabinan, and debranched arabinan at 75 degrees C and pH 4.5 were 0.26 mM, 2.14 mg/ml, and 3.25 mg/ml, respectively. The alpha-L-AFase activity was not inhibited at all by L-arabinose (1.2 M). The enzyme did not require a metal ion for activity, and its activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM).