gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Complexity Memory Access Architectures for Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Decoders (2012)

Partially parallel decoding architectures are widely used in the design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoders, especially for quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes. To comply with the code structure of parity-check matrices of QC-LDPC codes, many small memory blocks are conventionally employed in this architecture. The total memory area usually dominates the area requirement of LDPC decoders. This paper proposes a low-complexity memory access architecture that merges small memory blocks into memory groups to relax the effect of peripherals in small memory blocks. A simple but efficient algorithm is also presented to handle the additional delay elements introduced in the memory merging method. Experiment results on a rate-1/2 parity-check matrix defined in the IEEE 802.16e standard show that the LDPC decoder designed using the proposed memory access architecture has the lowest area complexity among related studies. Compared to a design with the same specifications, the decoder implemented using the proposed architecture requires 33% fewer gates and is more power-efficient. The proposed new memory access architecture is thus suitable for the design of low-complexity LDPC decoders.
Robust Active Perception via Data-association aware Belief Space\n planning (2016)

We develop a belief space planning (BSP) approach that advances the state of\nthe art by incorporating reasoning about data association (DA) within planning,\nwhile considering additional sources of uncertainty. Existing BSP approaches\ntypically assume data association is given and perfect, an assumption that can\nbe harder to justify while operating, in the presence of localization\nuncertainty, in ambiguous and perceptually aliased environments. In contrast,\nour data association aware belief space planning (DA-BSP) approach explicitly\nreasons about DA within belief evolution, and as such can better accommodate\nthese challenging real world scenarios. In particular, we show that due to\nperceptual aliasing, the posterior belief becomes a mixture of probability\ndistribution functions, and design cost functions that measure the expected\nlevel of ambiguity and posterior uncertainty. Using these and standard costs\n(e.g.~control penalty, distance to goal) within the objective function, yields\na general framework that reliably represents action impact, and in particular,\ncapable of active disambiguation. Our approach is thus applicable to robust\nactive perception and autonomous navigation in perceptually aliased\nenvironments. We demonstrate key aspects in basic and realistic simulations.\n
A Neutral, Water‐Soluble Olefin Metathesis Catalyst Based on an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Genox Oxidative Stress Profile (1998)

A growing and compelling body of scientific evidence now exists indicating oxidative stress (OS) as a major causative factor in many age-related dysfunctions and specific diseases. Since the oxidative stress state (OSS) of an individual depends on hereditary, dietary, and environmental factors, there is a large heterogeneity in the population that may be related to disease incidence and longevity. Hence there is a need to assess how well an individual is coping against OS. The Genox Corporation, with the assistance of the Japan Institute for the Control of Aging has developed a new medical diagnostic and research technique called "Oxidative Stress Profiling (OSP)". The Genox OSP consists of about 44 different assays measuring the levels of oxidative damage in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and the antioxidant defenses in the serum. A general overview is presented on the Genox OSP and its application in the testing of human subjects.
Luminescent Silica Nanoparticles: Extending the Frontiers of Brightness (2011)

Silica nanoparticles are versatile platforms with many intrinsic features, such as low toxicity. Proper design and derivatization yields particularly stable colloids, even in physiological conditions, and provides them with multiple functions. A suitable choice of dyes and synthetic strategy may, in particular, yield a very bright nanosystem. Silica nanoparticles thus offer unique potential in the nanotechnology arena, and further improvement and optimization could substantially increase their application in fields of high social and economic impact, such as medical diagnostics and therapy, environmental and food analysis, and security. This paper describes silica-based, multicomponent nanosystems with intrinsic directional energy- and electron-transfer processes, on which highly valued functions like light harvesting and signal amplification are based.
90 K SUPERCONDUCTING PHASE IN THE R-Tl-Sr-Cu-O SYSTEMS WITH R=RARE EARTHS (1990)

We have observed superconductivity at 90 K in the R-Tl-Sr-Cu-O systems with R=rare earths by resistance and ac susceptibility measurements. The 90 K phase (for R=Pr) can be assigned as a tetragonal Tl(Sr, Pr) 3 Cu 2 O x with a unit cell of a=3.8629 ±0.0006 Å and c=12.1671±0.0018 Å. The formation of the 90 K phase depends on rare earths, nominal compositions, and preparation conditions.
Image Restoration for Under-Display Camera (2021)

The new trend of full-screen devices encourages us to position a camera behind a screen. Removing the bezel and centralizing the camera under the screen brings larger display-to-body ratio and enhances eye contact in video chat, but also causes image degradation. In this paper, we focus on a newly-defined Under-Display Camera (UDC), as a novel real-world single image restoration problem. First, we take a 4k Transparent OLED (T-OLED) and a phone Pentile OLED (P-OLED) and analyze their optical systems to understand the degradation. Second, we design a Monitor-Camera Imaging System (MCIS) for easier real pair data acquisition, and a model-based data synthesizing pipeline to generate Point Spread Function (PSF) and UDC data only from display pattern and camera measurements. Finally, we resolve the complicated degradation using deconvolution-based pipeline and learning-based methods. Our model demonstrates a real-time high-quality restoration. The presented methods and results reveal the promising research values and directions of UDC.
Superresolution imaging in ultrasound B-scan imaging (2013)

A number of imaging systems exhibit speckle, which is caused by the interaction of a coherent pulse reflecting off of random reflectors. The limitations of these systems are quite serious since the speckle phenomenon creates a pattern of nulls and peaks from subresolvable scatterers or targets that are difficult to interpret. Another limitation of these pulse-echo imaging systems is that their resolution is dependent on the full spatial extent of the propagating pulse, usually several wavelengths in the axial or propagating dimension and typically longer in the transverse direction. This limits the spatial resolution to many multiples of the wavelength. This paper focuses on the particular case of ultrasound B-scan imaging and develop an inverse filter solution that eliminates both the speckle phenomenon, and the poor resolution dependency on the pulse length and width, to produce SURUS (super-resolution ultrasound) images. The key to the inverse filter is the creation of pulse shapes that have stable inverses. This is derived by use of the standard Z-transform and related properties. Although the focus of this paper is on examples from ultrasound imaging systems, the results are applicable to other pulse-echo imaging systems that also can exhibit speckle statistics.
Integration of terahertz quantum cascade lasers with lithographically micromachined waveguides (2008)

Gold rectangular waveguides suitable for single mode operation at frequencies near 3 THz have been micromachined using silicon microfabrication methods. The design, fabrication, and loss characteristics of these waveguides will be presented. On-chip integration of these waveguide structures with THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) sources has been achieved and the characteristics of QCL beams guided by waveguide will be discussed.
Novel low-cost on-chip CPW slow-wave structure for compact RF components and mm-wave applications (2008)

In this paper, an ideal slow wave coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures with low losses, moderate impedance and CMOS fabrication technology have been developed. The slow wave CPW transmission line structures were achieved through IBM 0.13 μm technology with multi-layer metals. The CPW were implemented with narrower signal line or wider separation between signal and ground plane to increase the inductance per unit length, while metal strips on another metal layers cross under/above the CPW lines, which are orthogonal to signal propagation direction. Losses reduction using via bars to increase the thickness of the signal metal layer, structures with metal strip options (above, under and both CPW) to increase the capacitance per unit length of the CPW and provide more flexibility for the proposed structure, effect of the metal strips pitch are also discussed. The slow wave structure discussed in this paper can shrink the side dimension of the mmwave passive components by up to 35%.
Quantitative analysis of blood vessel geometry (2001)

Re-narrowing or restenosis of a human coronary artery occurs within six months in one third of balloon angioplasty procedures. Accurate and repeatable quantitative analysis of vessel shape is important to characterize the progression and type of restenosis, and to evaluate effects new therapies might have. A combination of complicated geometry and image variability, and the need for high resolution and large image size makes visual/manual analysis slow, difficult, and prone to error. The image processing and analysis described here was developed to automate feature extraction of the lumen, internal elastic lamina, neointima, external elastic lamina, and tunica adventitia and to enable an objective, quantitative definition of blood vessel geometry. The quantitative geometrical analysis enables the measurement of several features including perimeter, area, and other metrics of vessel damage. Automation of feature extraction creates a high throughput capability that enables analysis of serial sections for more accurate measurement of restenosis dimensions. Measurement results are input into a relational database where they can be statistically analyzed compared across studies. As part of the integrated process, results are also imprinted on the images themselves to facilitate auditing of the results. The analysis is fast, repeatable and accurate while allowing the pathologist to control the measurement process.
Integrated Tunable Cavity Gunn Oscillator for 60-GHz Operation in Image Line Waveguide (1984)

The design, construction, and experimental test results of a mechanically tunable Gunn oscillator using a recessed diode metal coaxial cavity coupled to an image line waveguide is described. The oscillator frequency was changed by about 10-percent by varying the bias post length into the coaxial structure. The oscillator is designed so that both the Gunn diode and resonant cavity can be quickly replaced to provide extended frequency coverage and efficiency. This Gunn diode oscillator has provided up to 15-mW CW power at 60 GHz with 10-percent tuning range.
Contaminant-Activated Visible Light Photocatalysis (2018)

Pristine titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) absorbs ultraviolet light and reflects the entire visible spectrum. This optical response of TiO<sub>2</sub> has found widespread application as white pigments in paper, paints, pharmaceuticals, foods and plastic industries; and as a UV absorber in cosmetics and photocatalysis. However, pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> is considered to be inert under visible light for these applications. Here we show for the first time that a bacterial contaminant (Staphylococcus aureus-a MRSA surrogate) in contact with TiO<sub>2</sub> activates its own photocatalytic degradation under visible light. The present study delineates the critical role of visible light absorption by contaminants and electronic interactions with anatase in photocatalytic degradation using two azo dyes (Mordant Orange and Procion Red) that are highly stable because of their aromaticity. An auxiliary light harvester, polyhydroxy fullerenes, was successfully used to accelerate photocatalytic degradation of contaminants. We designed a contaminant-activated, transparent, photocatalytic coating for common indoor surfaces and conducted a 12-month study that proved the efficacy of the coating in killing bacteria and holding bacterial concentrations generally below the benign threshold. Data collected in parallel with this study showed a substantial reduction in the incidence of infections.
A fentanyl vaccine constructed upon opsonizing antibodies specific for the Galα1–3Gal epitope (2020)

A double conjugation strategy was implemented to produce an anti-fentanyl vaccine, which was predicated upon preformed-antibody-assisted antigen presentation. The new vaccine was found to reduce the psychoactive effects of fentanyl without the addition of the immunostimulant CpG oligodeoxynucleotide.
Development of a spatially offset Raman spectroscopy probe for breast tumor surgical margin evaluation (2011)

The risk of local recurrence for breast cancers is strongly correlated with the presence of a tumor within 1 to 2 mm of the surgical margin on the excised specimen. Previous experimental and theoretical results suggest that spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) holds much promise for intraoperative margin analysis. Based on simulation predictions for signal-to-noise ratio differences among varying spatial offsets, a SORS probe with multiple source-detector offsets was designed and tested. It was then employed to acquire spectra from 35 frozen-thawed breast tissue samples in vitro. Spectra from each detector ring were averaged to create a composite spectrum with biochemical information covering the entire range from the tissue surface to ∼2 mm below the surface, and a probabilistic classification scheme was used to classify these composite spectra as "negative" or "positive" margins. This discrimination was performed with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity, or with 100% positive predictive value and 94% negative predictive value.
Control of Large‐Scale Plasma Thawing for Recovery of Cryoprecipitate Factor VIII<sup>1</sup> (1982)

Cryoprecipitation is commonly used as the primary step in the preparation of clinical factor VIII concentrates; yet recovery is usually very low. Much of this loss is due to poor temperature control and a process of continuous plasma thawing has been designed to overcome this. A substantial improvement has resulted, with an increase in both yield and purity of factor VIII:C of over 50% in comparison to a conventional batch thaw process.
Red Blood Cells Are the Major Source of Alpha-Synuclein in Blood (2008)

More than 99% of the alpha-synuclein in human blood is present in the peripheral blood cells, with the remainder in plasma. Fractionation of peripheral blood cells from human blood and quantification of alpha-synuclein revealed that only a very small amount of the total alpha-synuclein is present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and platelets, with the majority of alpha-synuclein in blood being present in RBCs. Considering the abundance and fragility of RBCs, alpha-synuclein levels in these other blood fractions or other bodily fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid may be artificially elevated by contamination with intact or lysed RBCs.
New driving method and circuits for low cost AC plasma display panel (2005)

New driving method and circuit layout is proposed to reduce the cost of plasma display panel. The proposed driving method, which uses only two electrodes in the three-electrode type AC-PDP, can reduce the cost of the driving circuits by 25%, thereby achieving the low cost AC-PDP.
Sound bar for percussive musical instruments and a method for producing same (1987)

First Page
Designing color in metallic glass (2019)

"Designing" metallic glasses to exhibit properties beyond those offered within the narrow composition ranges where glass formation is possible poses a formidable scientific challenge. This challenge may be tackled by forming composite structures comprising a metallic glass matrix and homogeneously precipitated dendrites, known as "metallic glass matrix composites" (MGMCs). In principle, MGMCs can be designed to exploit the attractive performance characteristics of the metallic glass while alleviating its negative undesirable attributes. In this work we introduce a MGMC development concept for designing color in metallic glass. MGMCs consisting of a white-gold metallic glass matrix with finely dispersed yellow-gold microdendrites are explored. A series of gold MGMCs is developed displaying uniform and visually-unresolved yellow colors over a broad range of chromaticity, along with high overall hardness. This design concept paves the way for the development of a new generation of metal alloys that combine advanced engineering performance with attractive cosmetic attributes.
Virtual Redundancy for Active-Standby Cloud Applications (2018)

VM redundancy is the foundation of resilient cloud applications. While active-active approaches combined with load balancing and autoscaling are usually resource efficient, the stateful nature of many cloud applications often necessitates 1+1 (or 1+n) active-standby approaches. Keeping the standbys, however, could result in inefficient utilization of cloud resources. We explore an intriguing cloud-based solution, where standby VMs from active-standby applications are selectively overbooked to reduce resources reserved for failures. The approach requires careful VM placement to avoid a situation where multiple standby VMs activate simultaneously on the same host and thus cannot get the full resource entitlement. Indeed today's clouds do not have this visibility to the applications. We rectify this situation through ShadowBox, a novel redundancy-aware VM scheduler that optimizes the placement and activation of standby VMs, while assuring applications' resource entitlements. Evaluation on a large-scale cloud shows that ShadowBox can significantly improve resource utilization (i.e., more than 2.5 times than traditional approaches) while minimizing the impact on applications' entitlements.
Computing measurement-based voltage stability margins for a wind power hub using the AQ-bus method (2014)

In PV-curve-based voltage stability analysis, it is known that the Newton-Raphson power flow Jacobian matrix becomes increasingly ill-conditioned as the maximum loading condition is reached. In many cases, the power flow diverges before the maximum loading condition is reached. In previous work, we proposed a novel method to alleviate the ill-conditioning issue in the power flow by reformulating the problem using a new AQ bus type [1]. For an AQ bus, the voltage angle and reactive power consumption are specified. For steady-state voltage stability analysis, the angle separation between the swing bus and AQ bus is adjusted to indirectly control power transfer. This reformulation alters the Jacobian matrix such that it is nonsingular at the critical voltage point. In this work, we use the AQ-bus method to compute the PV curves for a real power system including a wind power hub with multiple wind power plants. The network has two transfer paths and reactive power compensation from switched shunts. We use measurements to construct voltage stability models for the wind power plants and external system. The switched shunts are modeled in the AQ-bus power flow according to their operational guidelines. Using this real system, we demonstrate the capability of the AQ-bus method to compute voltage stability margins for multiple transfer paths and complex injections.
A deeply integrated adaptive GPS-based navigator with extended range code tracking (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to GPS-based navigation which offers significant improvement in antijam capability over traditional designs. The algorithms may be implemented at low cost in software in existing and future GPS receivers using, as inputs, postcorrelation I and Q data and, optionally, raw data from other sensors. Traditional systems are not optimal at high jammer-to-signal (J/S) ratios as a consequence of modular design, use of traditional fixed-gain or gain-scheduled tracking loops, and use of artificial moding logic. The approach described here employs a nonlinear filter that operates efficiently at all J/S levels. Filter gains continuously adapt to changes in the J/S environment, and the error covariance propagation is driven directly by measurements to enhance robustness under high jamming and dynamics conditions. Extended-range correlation may be optionally included to increase the code tracking loss-of-lock threshold under high jamming scenarios. Computational complexity is comparable to an extended Kalman filter. Results of hardware-in-the-loop simulations are presented which demonstrate improvements of 15 dB or more in antijam capability relative to traditional designs.
Design of transmission line driven slot waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometers  and application to analog optical links (2010)

Slot waveguides allow joint confinement of the driving electrical radio frequency field and of the optical waveguide mode in a narrow slot, allowing for highly efficient polymer based interferometers. We show that the optical confinement can be simply explained by a perturbation theoretical approach taking into account the continuity of the electric displacement field. We design phase matched transmission lines and show that their impedance and RF losses can be modeled by an equivalent circuit and linked to slot waveguide properties by a simple set of equations, thus allowing optimization of the device without iterative simulations. We optimize the interferometers for analog optical links and predict record performance metrics (V(pi) = 200 mV @ 10 GHz in push-pull configuration) assuming a modest second order nonlinear coefficient (r(33) = 50 pm/V) and slot width (100 nm). Using high performance optical polymers (r(33) = 150 pm/V), noise figures of state of the art analog optical links can be matched while reducing optical power levels by approximately 30 times. With required optical laser power levels predicted at 50 mW, this could be a game changing improvement by bringing high performance optical analog link power requirements in the reach of laser diodes. A modified transmitter architecture allows shot noise limited performance, while reducing power levels in the slot waveguides and enhancing reliability.
Partial interference subspace rejection in CDMA systems (2002)

Previously presented interference subspace rejection (ISR) proposed a family of new efficient multiuser detectors for CDMA. We reconsider in this paper the modes of ISR using decision feedback (DF). DF modes share similarities with parallel interference cancellation (PIC) but attempt to cancel interference by nulling rather than subtraction. However like the PIC they are prone to wrong tentative decisions. We propose a modification to DF modes that performs partial ISR instead of complete interference cancellation. When tentative decisions are correct, interference is therefore not perfectly rejected anymore. This drawback is compensated by improved robustness to wrong tentative decisions. We show that in hard handoff systems, partial ISR can only provide negligible performance improvements in high loaded systems outside the region of interest due to out-sector interference. In situations where both in-sector and out-sector interferences are cancelled, as may occur in soft handoff situations, BER performance may improve by more than I dB.