gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Hybrid Bearing Micropitting Performance under Reduced Lubrication (2015)

Hybrid bearings—that is, bearings with ceramic rolling elements and steel rings—are often used in applications with reduced (i.e., boundary or mixed) lubrication conditions. The mechanisms by which hybrid bearings perform significantly better than full-steel ones in these cases are so far unclear, although a number of published works have shown experimental results in which appreciable performance benefits were obtained by the use of hybrid bearings under boundary or mixed lubrication. In this article, the reduced lubrication performance of hybrid rolling contacts, versus full-steel ones, is studied in detail by means of rolling bearing fatigue experiments and a theoretical micropitting model. It is found that the large improvement in surface fatigue resistance of hybrid contacts cannot be explained solely on the basis of the unavoidable differences in some of the roughness parameters existing between the full-steel and hybrid contacts. It is also necessary to take into account a considerable reduction in the effective boundary friction coefficient of the hybrid contact. In the numerical micropitting simulations it was found that the boundary friction coefficient of a hybrid contact must be about two times lower than that for the corresponding full-steel contact, in order to be able to predict the experimental observations reasonably well. A similar ratio of the boundary friction coefficients was obtained in a number of dedicated tests, thus confirming the results of the micropitting model. The mechanisms of the strong micropitting resistance of hybrid bearings under reduced lubrication conditions are discussed in detail, shedding new light on the operational tribology and performance capabilities of bearings with rolling elements made of silicon nitride ceramics.
A compliant thermal spreader with internal liquid metal cooling channels (2010)

This paper describes a 1 mm thick substrate with integrated flow channels to circulate liquid metal that is pumped with an electromagnetic pump. The substrate was fabricated using conventional circuit board assembly methods. Tests were performed with pumping current of up to 10 amps, which corresponded to a pumping power of 450 mW. This testing showed that the substrate had an effective thermal conductivity of more than 6000 W/mK. The thin geometry and organic circuit board materials of the substrate allow it to be mechanically compliant and therefore can reduce the need for thermal gap fillers to connect dissipating components to the thermal spreader.
Novel Benzo[1,4]diazepin-2-one Derivatives as Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Since its discovery in 1988 by Yanagisawa et al., endothelin (ET), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been widely implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal diseases. Many research groups have embarked on the discovery and development of ET receptor antagonists for the treatment of such diseases. While several compounds, e.g., ambrisentan 2, are in late clinical trials for various indications, one compound (bosentan, Tracleer) is being marketed to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Inspired by the structure of ambrisentan 2, we designed a novel class of ET receptor antagonists based on a 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one scaffold. Here, we report on the preparation as well as the in vitro and in vivo structure-activity relationships of these derivatives. Potent dual ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonists with affinities in the low nanomolar range have been identified. In addition, several compounds efficiently reduced arterial blood pressure after oral administration to Dahl salt sensitive rats. In this animal model, the efficacy of the benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one derivative rac-39au was superior to that of racemic ambrisentan, rac-2.
1 alpha,25-Dihydroxy-16-ene-23-yne-26,27-hexafluorocholecalciferol, a noncalcemic analogue of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, inhibits azoxymethane-induced colonic tumorigenesis. (1995)

Vitamin D3 and its metabolites, particularly 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3), have received increasing attention as potential anticarcinogens in the prevention of cancers in a number of organs, including the colon. These agents, however, have the potential to induce hypercalcemia, thus limiting their practical use for these purposes. In the present studies it was, therefore, of interest to determine whether dietary supplementation with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-16-ene-23-yne-26,27-hexafluorocholecalcifero l (RO24-5531), a recently synthesized apparently noncalcemic analogue of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, inhibited colon cancer induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Rats were placed on a standard diet or fed this diet with supplemental RO24-5531 (2.5 nmol/kg feed) before and during (initiation arm), or after AOM or vehicle administration (postinitiation arm). After 34 weeks of study, animals in each group were sacrificed, and their colons were removed and examined macroscopically and microscopically for the presence of tumors. At the time of sacrifice, the animals' serum calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 levels were also analyzed. The results of these studies demonstrated that dietary RO24-5531 supplementation during the initiation arm of these experiments significantly reduced (by 70%) the incidence of AOM-induced colonic tumors compared to rats on the standard diet without RO24-5531. Moreover, this dietary regimen abolished the development of adenocarcinomas in this model. Although there was also a trend for dietary RO24-5531 supplementation during the postinitiation arm of this study to reduce the incidence of colon tumors, this did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). In addition, neither dietary RO24-5531 supplementation regimen significantly influenced the animals' rates of growth or their serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. These studies, therefore, demonstrate for the first time that supplemental dietary RO24-5531 is a chemopreventive agent in the AOM model of experimental colonic carcinogenesis. They also suggest that this agent may ultimately prove useful in clinical colon cancer chemopreventive trials.
Cell Killing by the <i>Drosophila</i> Gene <i>reaper</i> (1996)

The reaper gene (rpr) is important for the activation of apoptosis in Drosophila. To investigate whether rpr expression is sufficient to induce apoptosis, transgenic flies were generated that express rpr complementary DNA or the rpr open reading frame in cells that normally live. Transcription of rpr from a heat-inducible promoter rapidly caused wide-spread ectopic apoptosis and organismal death. Ectopic overexpression of rpr in the developing retina resulted in eye ablation. The occurrence of cell death was highly sensitive to the dosage of the transgene. Because cell death induced by the protein encoded by rpr (RPR) could be blocked by the baculovirus p35 protein, RPR appears to activate a death program mediated by a ced-3/ICE (interleukin-1 converting enzyme)-like protease.
Carnitine Therapy Is Associated with Decreased Hospital Utilization among Hemodialysis Patients (2005)

Administration of L-carnitine to chronic hemodialysis patients is associated with lower hospital utilization.
Determination of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Based on Osmotic Shock Response (2009)

We investigate the buoyant mass of bacterial cells in real time with the suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) as the population recovers from an osmotic shock. The density of the culture medium is chosen such that the bacteria initially have a positive buoyant mass which becomes negative as they recover from the hyperosmotic stress. This behavior can be used to differentiate between an antibiotic-resistant and an antibiotic-susceptible strain of the pathogenic bacteria Citrobacter rodentium, and we propose a general approach for exploiting the high precision of the SMR for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance.
Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Rapidly Alleviates Headaches of Various Types (1996)

Intravenous infusion of 1 gram of MgSO4 results in rapid relief of headache pain in patients with low serum IMg2+ levels. Measurement of serum IMg2+ levels may have a practical application in many types of headache patients. Low serum and brain tissue ionized magnesium levels may precipitate headache symptoms in susceptible patients.
Oscillation built-in self test (OBIST) scheme for functional and structural testing of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits (2002)

This paper describes a new built-in self test (BIST) technique suitable for both functional and structural testing of analog and mixed-signal circuits based on the oscillation-test methodology. Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used as a test vehicle to demonstrate the capability of the proposed OBIST technique for both functional and structural testing. Design of different parts of OBIST structure is also presented. The ADC conversion rate, differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) at each quantization band edge (QBE) are tested as functional parameters. These parameters are considered to be the most important functional characteristics of an ADC. Practical experimentation using real-world successive approximation and flash ADCs confirms the accuracy of OBIST for functional testing of ADCs. Simulation results using a 3-bit flash ADC designed using a CMOS 1.2 /spl mu/m technology are also presented. For structural testing, oversampled sigma-delta ADCs are investigated. Both hard and soft faults are considered and some simulation results are presented.
Preparation and Characterization of Crystalline 3,4-Polyisoprene (1994)

Abstract Gel-free, semi-crystalline polyisoprenes containing 70–81% 3,4 units were prepared using an improved iron catalyst. A partially hydrolyzed triisobutylaluminum was used as the reducing agent for the improved catalyst, which allowed the title polymers to be prepared in aliphatic solvents at fast rates.
The Natural Killer Cell‐Like Lytic Activity Expressed by Cytolytic T Lymphocytes is Associated with the Expression of a Novel Function‐Associated Molecule (1992)

Experiments were performed to analyse the natural killer cell (NK)-like cytotoxicity frequently expressed by human antigen-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). To this end, several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) previously shown to identify a novel function-associated molecule (FAM) involved in human NK function were utilized. Flow cytometry revealed that these MoAbs reacted with the majority of human NK, but only with a subpopulation of CTL isolated from primary mixed lymphocyte cultures. Preincubation of CTL with the MoAbs inhibited the NK-like lysis of K562 targets. Experiments with anti-CD3 MoAb demonstrated that neither the NK-like cytotoxicity of CTL nor the lytic activity of NK were mediated by the CD3 complex. Expression of the novel FAM was found to develop in T-cell cultures at the time that NK-like cytotoxicity was observed. Repeated in vitro antigenic stimulation of CTL was shown to result in loss of NK-like cytotoxicity, as well as loss of the FAM on the CTL surface. Thus, NK-like cytotoxicity displayed by antigen-specific CTL appears to be mediated by a novel FAM that is identical to that structure found on NK.
Continuous manufacture of yogurt. I. Optimal conditions and kinetics of the prefermentation process (1977)

Abstract The principles of a method for the continuous manufacture of yogurt, based upon a two stage system, are given. The first stage, the prefermentation of milk at 45°C to a pH of 5.7, is described. The limitations of this continuous prefermentation are experimentally determined. No change in the balance of the yogurt bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, was observed. A mathematical approach is given for starting and stopping the process.
Geometry analysis of an inverse-geometry volumetric CT system with multiple detector arrays (2004)

An invers€•geollletry volumet ric CT (ICCT) system for imaging in a single fast rotatiou without cone-beam 3rt.ifa, ds is beiug developed.It employs a• hrge scanned ~tu•(.;Carray aud a smaller detector arret,)' _ For a s.lllglcsource/single-detector implementation : t ho FOV i.., limited to a fnv:::tior:1 of the source size.IIere we explore options to increase the FOV \vithotlt increa .. .:;ingt he !Source sizE' by using multiple detectors spaeed apart la ternlly to illcrca..">c tho range of radial distances :::arnpled, vVc also look a.t multiple source a.rray ::.;y~tc ms for faster ::;C(l.US.Toproperly reconst.ruct the FOV, Rndou ~pace lIlUBt be sufficiently covered anrl sampled in a uniform mmlllCr.Optimal placement of the detectors relative to the source was dotermined a.nalytically given system constraints (5cm detector ,vidth, 25crn souree widt.h,4.5cll1 source-to-isor::cntcr distance) .. Ft11' ~\ lx:~ system (three detector::: I,or source) dcl.e<:tor spacillg (DS) was 18° alld sourcc-t(}-dctcc.tordistau(X)" (SDD) were 113, 100 "nd 113<:m Lo prmddc optimum Radoll sampling and a FOV of 44crn.For multiple-source systems, maximum angular spacing between sources ca.nnot exceed 125 0 since detect.orscorresponding to onc SOluce ca.nnot he occluded by a second source.T herefore, for 2x3 a,nd 3x3 Hyst.ClUH llHing the above DS and SDD, optimmn Hpa.cing between SOl.lfCC'S i~ 115° and 61° respectivciy, requiring minimulIl ::;can roLnUons Qf 115 0 and 107°.Also, a 3x3 system can be much foster for full 360 0 dataset scans tha.n a 2x3 system (120 c ' vs. 245°).\Ve found trHit.:::1.significantly increased FOV can be o.chicved while ma.intaining uniform radial sampling as well a . . .'i a sub::;tantial reduction in scan time lIsing several (liffcrcnt gCOlnetrie::
Electrical Properties of Pzt Piezoelectric Ceramics at High Temperatures (2008)

Advanced aeronautic and space structures need active components that can function at high frequencies and temperatures. Piezoelectric materials can provide frequency response but their use at elevated temperatures is limited. The reason for the lack of insertion of piezoelectric for high temperature active component and sensors are two fold. First, the database of piezoelectric properties that describe the piezoelectric constants is lacking for high temperatures engineering applications. Most studies measure the dielectric constants to determine the Curie temperature but do not provide piezoelectric coefficients as a function of temperature. Second, piezoelectric materials with Curie temperature (T
 C) exceeding 500 °C are sought for aeronautics and aerospace applications. This investigation describes a measurement system that captures the impedance dependence upon temperature for piezoelectric materials. Commercially available lead zirconate titanate (PZT) was studied as to determine the piezoelectric activity to define the operating envelope with respect to temperature. The elastic properties $$\left( {c_{ijkl}^E } \right)$$
 , piezoelectric coefficients $$\left( {e _{ik}^S } \right)$$
 , dielectric properties $$\left( {\varepsilon _{ik}^S } \right)$$
 , and electro-mechanical coupling factors were determined as a function of temperature. The coupling factor k
 33
 was found to be relatively constant to 200 °C and exhibit slight temperature dependence above 200 °C. The temperature sensitivity for both piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling factor were very small; the slopes $${{\Delta d_{31}^T } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta d_{31}^T } {d_{31}^T }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {d_{31}^T }}$$
 and Δk
 33/k
 33 were found to be 0.01 and (−0.07) respectively in the range of 120 to 200 °C. This measurement technique will populate databases that describe the piezoelectric properties of commercially available PZT piezoelectric materials. It can also facilitate the assessment of new piezoelectric materials that are currently being developed for higher temperature applications.
Flexible calibration method for telecentric fringe projection profilometry systems (2016)

A newly developed flexible calibration algorithm for telecentric 3D measurement systems is presented in this paper. We theoretically analyzed the similarities and differences between the telecentric and entocentric system. The telecentric system can be calibrated with the aid of the traditional 2D planar calibration method. An additional two-step refining process is proposed to improve the calibration accuracy effectively. With the calibration and refining algorithm, an affine camera can be calibrated with a reprojection error of 0.07 pixel. A projector with small field of view (FOV) is applied to achieve a full 3D reconstruction in our profilometry system. Experiments with a prototype demonstrate the validation and accuracy of the proposed calibration algorithm and system configuration. The reconstruction accuracy can achieve 5 µm with a measurement FOV of 28.43 mm×21.33 mm and a working distance of 110 mm.
RNA: packaged and protected by VLPs (2018)

Virus Like Particles (VLPs) are devices for RNA packaging, protection and delivery, with utility in fundamental research, drug discovery, and disease treatment. Using <i>E. coli</i> for combined expression and packaging of non-viral RNAs into Qβ VLPs, we investigated the extent of chemical protection conferred by packaging of RNA in VLPs. We also probed relationships between packaging efficiency and RNA size, sequence and intrinsic compaction. We observe that VLP packaging protects RNA against assault by small diffusible damaging agents such as hydroxyl radicals and divalent cations. By contrast, the extent of unmediated cleavage, in the absence of reactive species, is the same for RNA that is free or packaged within VLPs, and is very slow. <i>In vivo</i> packaging of RNA within VLPs appears to be more efficient for intrinsically compact RNAs, such as rRNA, and less efficient for unstructured, elongated RNA such as mRNA. Packaging efficiency is reduced by addition of the ribosome binding site to a target RNA. The Qβ hairpin is necessary but not sufficient for efficient packaging.
Anionic surfactants based on intermediates of carbohydrate conversion (2019)

Starting from the bio-based platform chemicals 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural, a library of anionic surfactants was synthesized using stoichiometric and catalytic reactions.
PCRRD: a pipeline-based concurrent round-robin dispatching scheme for Clos-network switches (2003)

This paper proposes a pipeline-based concurrent round-robin dispatching scheme, called PCRRD, for Clos-network switches. Our previously proposed concurrent round-robin dispatching (CRRD) scheme provides 100% throughput under uniform traffic by using simple round-robin arbiters, but it has the strict timing constraint that the dispatching scheduling has to be completed within one cell time slot. This is a bottleneck in building high-performance switching systems. To relax the strict timing constraint of CRRD, we propose to use more than one scheduler engine, up to P, so called subschedulers. Each subscheduler is allowed to take more than one time slot for dispatching. Every time slot, one out of P subschedulers provides the dispatching result. The subschedulers adopt our original CRRD algorithm. We show that PCRRD preserves 100% throughput under uniform traffic of our original CRRD algorithm, while ensuring the cell-sequence order. Since the constraint of the scheduling timing is dramatically relaxed, it is suitable for high-performance switching systems even when the switch size increases and port speed is high (e.g., 40 Gbit/s).
Phenotypic Expression of the Major 47 kDa Surface Immunogen of Treponerna pallidurn in Virulent, Tissue-cultured Treponemes (1986)

Specific monoclonal antibody and Western blot analysis were used to examine the phenotypic expression of the major 47 kDa surface immunogen of Treponema pallidum among organisms cultivated in vitro. Tissue-cultured treponemes synthesized the 47 kDa immunogen as well as, or better than, organisms cultivated in vivo (rabbit testicles).
Using Time-Reversal Symmetry for Sensitive Incoherent Matter-Wave Sagnac Interferometry (2007)

We present a theory of the transmission of guided matter-waves through Sagnac interferometers. Interferometer configurations with only one input and one output port have a property similar to the phase rigidity observed in the transmission through Aharonov-Bohm interferometers in coherent mesoscopic electronics. This property enables their operation with incoherent matter-wave sources. High rotation sensitivity is predicted for high finesse configurations.
Quantitative Information Extraction From Social Data (2018)

Social data is a rich data source for identifying trends and topics of interest based on user activity. Social data also provides opportunities to collect numerical data about events like elections, sport games, disasters or economic news. We propose the problem of identifying relevant quantitative information from social data as annotations for a topic. We investigate how to extract quantitative information and perform a number of experiments and analysis with Twitter data.
Improved radioenzymatic assay for plasma norepinephrine using purified phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase (1986)

Radioenzymatic assays have been developed for catecholamines using either catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) or phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). Assays using PNMT are specific for norepinephrine (NE) and require minimal manipulative effort but until now have been less sensitive than the more complex procedures using COMT. The authors report an improved purification scheme for bovine PNMT which has permitted development of an NE assay with dramatically improved sensitivity (0.5 pg), specificity and reproducibility (C.V. < 5%). PNMT was purified by sequential pH 5.0 treatment and dialysis and by column chromatographic procedures using DEAE-Sephacel, Sepharcryl S-200 and Phenyl-Boronate Agarose. Recovery of PNMT through the purification scheme was 50%, while blank recovery was <.001%. NE can be directly quantified in 25 ul of human plasma and an 80 tube assay can be completed within 4 h. The capillary to venous plasma NE gradient was examined in 8 normotensive male subjects. Capillary plasma (NE (211.2 +/- 61.3 pg/ml)) was lower than venous plasma NE (366.6 +/- 92.5 pg/ml) in all subjects (p < 0.005). This difference suggests that capillary (NE) may be a unique indicator of sympathetic nervous system activity in vivo. In conclusion, purification of PNMT has facilitated development of an improved radioenzymatic for NEmore » with significantly improved sensitivity.« less
Chimeric Chikungunya Viruses Are Nonpathogenic in Highly Sensitive Mouse Models but Efficiently Induce a Protective Immune Response (2011)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an important pathogen causing outbreaks of highly debilitating and often chronic, arthralgic human disease. We have designed chimeric alphaviruses encoding CHIKV-specific structural proteins but no structural or nonstructural proteins capable of interfering with development of cellular antiviral response. These chimeras demonstrate a highly attenuated phenotype in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised (A129) mice. However, after a single vaccination, they induced protective immune response against subsequent CHIKV challenge, characterized by high titers of neutralizing antibodies. The rational design of alphavirus genomes provides a strong basis for the development of new recombinant alphaviruses with irreversible, highly attenuated, cell type-restricted phenotypes.