gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space-Optimized Texture Maps (2002)

Texture mapping is a common operation to increase the realism of three-dimensional meshes at low cost. We propose a new texture optimization algorithm based on the reduction of the physical space allotted to the texture image. Our algorithm optimizes the use of texture space by computing a warping function for the image and new texture coordinates. Neither the mesh geometry nor its connectivity are modified by the optimization. Our method uniformly distributes frequency content of the image in the spatial domain. In other words, the image is stretched in high frequency areas, whereas low frequency regions are shrunk. We also take into account distortions introduced by the mapping onto the model geometry in this process. The resulting image can be resampled at lower rate while preserving its original details. The unwarping is performed by the texture mapping function. Hence, the space-optimized texture is stored as-is in texture memory and is fully supported by current graphics hardware. We present several examples showing that our method significantly decreases texture memory usage without noticeable loss in visual quality.
<title>Laser-induced acoustic detection of shallow-buried objects</title> (1999)

A Laser-induced acoustic technique has been demonstrated for the potential application of underground object detection. The high acoustic impedance mismatch between granular soil and buried mine (usually landmines are made from plastic, rubber and metal) gives good contrast for detection. We obtained 3-D images of underground objects by scanning a pulsed laser across the surface of the ground and keeping the acoustic detector at relatively fixed position with respect to the laser spots. A signal processing method is introduced by using de-convolution filter. When a laser pulse impinges on the surface of ground, a laser-induced acoustic pulse will be excited after a sudden increase of surface temperature followed a sudden volume expansion. We used a laser vibrometer as acoustic receiver and found that the acoustic pulse width depends on laser pulse width. Using 100 ns CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser, we obtained 4 to approximately 5 microsecond acoustic sound pulses.
Human natural resistance-associated macrophage protein: cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, genomic organization, and tissue-specific expression. (1994)

Natural resistance to infection with unrelated intracellular parasites such as Mycobacteria, Salmonella, and Leishmania is controlled in the mouse by a single gene on chromosome 1, designated Bcg, Ity, or Lsh. A candidate gene for Bcg, designated natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp), has been isolated and shown to encode a novel macrophage-specific membrane protein, which is altered in susceptible animals. We have cloned and characterized cDNA clones corresponding to the human NRAMP gene. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence analyses indicate that the human NRAMP polypeptide encodes a 550-amino acid residue membrane protein with 10-12 putative transmembrane domains, two N-linked glycosylation sites, and an evolutionary conserved consensus transport motif. Identification of genomic clones corresponding to human NRAMP indicates that the gene maps to chromosome 2q35 within a group of syntenic loci conserved with proximal mouse 1. The gene is composed of at least 15 exons, with several exons encoding discrete predicted structural domains of the protein. These studies have also identified an alternatively spliced exon encoded by an Alu element present within intron 4. Although this novel exon was found expressed in vivo, it would introduce a termination codon in the downstream exon V, resulting in a severely truncated protein. Northern blot analyses indicate that NRAMP mRNA expression is tightly controlled in a tissue-specific fashion, with the highest sites of expression being peripheral blood leukocytes, lungs, and spleen. Additional RNA expression studies in cultured cells identified the macrophage as a site of expression of human NRAMP and indicated that increased expression was correlated with an advanced state of differentiation of this lineage.
Effective speaker verification via dynamic mismatch compensation (2012)

This paper presents a new approach to condition-adjusted T-norm (CT-Norm) for speaker verification under significant mismatched noise conditions. The study is motivated by the fact that, though the standard CT-Norm method offers enhanced accuracy under mismatched data conditions, its effectiveness reduces with the increased severity of such conditions. The proposed approach attempts to address this challenge by providing a more effective reduction of data mismatch through the incorporation of multi-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) universal background models (UBMs). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through experiments based on examples of real-world noise. It is shown that the superiority of the approach over CT-Norm is particularly significant for such excessive levels of test data degradation considered in the study as 5 dB SNR and below. The paper provides a description of the characteristics of the proposed approach and details the experimental analysis of its effectiveness under different noise conditions.
Digital analysis and sorting of fluorescence lifetime by flow cytometry (2010)

Frequency-domain flow cytometry techniques are combined with modifications to the digital signal-processing capabilities of the open reconfigurable cytometric acquisition system (ORCAS) to analyze fluorescence decay lifetimes and control sorting. Real-time fluorescence lifetime analysis is accomplished by rapidly digitizing correlated, radiofrequency (RF)-modulated detector signals, implementing Fourier analysis programming with ORCAS' digital signal processor (DSP) and converting the processed data into standard cytometric list mode data. To systematically test the capabilities of the ORCAS 50 MS/sec analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and our DSP programming, an error analysis was performed using simulated light scatter and fluorescence waveforms (0.5-25 ns simulated lifetime), pulse widths ranging from 2 to 15 micros, and modulation frequencies from 2.5 to 16.667 MHz. The standard deviations of digitally acquired lifetime values ranged from 0.112 to >2 ns, corresponding to errors in actual phase shifts from 0.0142 degrees to 1.6 degrees. The lowest coefficients of variation (<1%) were found for 10-MHz modulated waveforms having pulse widths of 6 micros and simulated lifetimes of 4 ns. Direct comparison of the digital analysis system to a previous analog phase-sensitive flow cytometer demonstrated similar precision and accuracy on measurements of a range of fluorescent microspheres, unstained cells, and cells stained with three common fluorophores. Sorting based on fluorescence lifetime was accomplished by adding analog outputs to ORCAS and interfacing with a commercial cell sorter with a RF-modulated solid-state laser. Two populations of fluorescent microspheres with overlapping fluorescence intensities but different lifetimes (2 and 7 ns) were separated to approximately 98% purity. Overall, the digital signal acquisition and processing methods we introduce present a simple yet robust approach to phase-sensitive measurements in flow cytometry. The ability to simply and inexpensively implement this system on a commercial flow sorter will allow both better dissemination of this technology and better exploitation of the traditionally underutilized parameter of fluorescence lifetime.
Development of Cost-Effective Noncarbon Sorbents for Hg<sup>0</sup> Removal from Coal-Fired Power Plants (2006)

Noncarbonaceous materials or mineral oxides (silica gel, alumina, molecular sieves, zeolites, and montmorillonite) were modified with various functional groups such as amine, amide, thiol, urea, and active additives such as elemental sulfur, sodium sulfide, and sodium polysulfide to examine their potential as sorbents for the removal of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) vapor at coal-fired utility power plants. A number of sorbent candidates such as amine- silica gel, urea- silica gel, thiol- silica gel, amide-silica gel, sulfur-alumina, sulfur-molecular sieve, sulfur-montmorillonite, sodium sulfide-montmorillonite, and sodium polysulfide-montmorillonite, were synthesized and tested in a lab-scale fixed-bed system under an argon flow for screening purposes at 70 degrees C and/or 140 degrees C. Several functionalized silica materials reported in previous studies to effectively control heavy metals in the aqueous phase showed insignificant adsorption capacities for Hg(0) control in the gas phase, suggesting that mercury removal mechanisms in both phases are different. Among elemental sulfur-, sodium sulfide-, and sodium polysulfide-impregnated inorganic samples, sodium polysulfide-impregnated montmorillonite K 10 showed a moderate adsorption capacity at 70 degrees C, which can be used for sorbent injection prior to the wet FGD system.
Reading Mammography with Multiple Prior Exams (2020)

Change is one of the strongest features for identifying abnormality in screening mammography exams. However, publicly available mammography datasets have so far lacked prior exams, and so the majority of algorithm development has focused on assessing isolated exams, without prior information. Recently, it was shown that a deep learning algorithm can improve its diagnostic accuracy by utilizing a single prior mammography image. In this work, we extend the previous result to address the issue of reading a variable number of prior exams. We compare two approaches: Random Forest, which requires that all inputs have the same size, and LSTM, which can handle a variable-size input. We demonstrate a significant performance improvement when using multiple priors, consistent with the standard workflow of breast imagers. We also found for both models that multiple priors improved performance over using a single prior. Interestingly, LSTM consistently outperformed the Random Forest model, and is more practical because it can naturally process any number of prior images that are available at the time of read. We expect that these results will generalize to other screening programs, such as colorectal cancer, where prior images are readily available.
Hyperglycosylated hcg, a potential alternative to hcg in Down syndrome screening (1998)

Hyperglycosylated hCG (H-hCG) is a minor variant of hCG with abnormal oligosaccharide side chains. It is the principal gonadotropin detected in the serum and urine of patients with gestational choriocarcinoma. A monoclonal antibody was produced against this antigen and an immunoassay developed. Levels of hCG and H-hCG were determined in 142 urine samples from normal pregnancies from 10 to 21 weeks of gestation. Levels were normalized to urine creatinine concentration, and were each plotted against gestational age. Bi-weekly median values were calculated, the best-fitting regression lines were determined, and multiples of the normal median (MoM) were computed. 10 Down syndrome pregnancy samples were tested from 11 to 21 weeks of gestation. The median hCG and H-hCG levels in the Down syndrome cases were 1·9 MoM and 5·7 MoM of unaffected cases, respectively. Four of 10 hCG measurements and 9 of 10 H-hCG determinations exceeded the 95th centile of unaffected cases. H-hCG identified 90 per cent of Down syndrome cases with a 5 per cent false-positive rate. This is more than twice the number of cases detected by an hCG assay. H-hCG may be an effective replacement for hCG in antenatal Down syndrome screening. This is a preliminary report consisting of only 152 samples. Further studies are needed now to verify the Down syndrome screening utility of this potentially valuable new marker. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
hsa-miR-191 Is a Candidate Oncogene Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy (2010)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally a fatal disease due to a paucity of effective treatment options. The identification of oncogenic microRNAs that exert pleiotropic effects in HCC cells may offer new therapeutic targets. In this study, we have identified the human microRNA miR-191 as a potential target for HCC therapy. Inhibition of miR-191 decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and significantly reduced tumor masses in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of HCC. Additionally, miR-191 was found to be upregulated by a dioxin, a known liver carcinogen, and was found to be a regulator of a variety of cancer-related pathways. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for miR-191 targeting as a rational strategy to pursue for improving HCC treatment. Cancer Res; 70(20); 8077–87. ©2010 AACR.
Development of a laced electromagnetic wiggler (1987)

The laced electromagnetic wiggler is a new concept being developed to attain higher magnetic fields, shorter wavelengths, and larger gaps for the induction-linear accelerator, free-electron-laser (FEL) program. In the laced wiggler design, permanent magnets are located (''laced'') between the electromagnetic coils to increase the reverse-bias flux in the iron pole beyond that possible with only pole-edge (''side'') permanent magnets. This increase in reverse-bias flux allows wiggler operation at midplane magnetic field intensities comparable to those of a hybrid permanent magnet/steel wiggler, but with field adjustability over a specified range. The maximum field intensity and tuning range are selected, within limits, for specific design requirements. We have designed and tested a one-period prototype of this concept with promising results.
A modified live canine parvovirus strain with novel plaque characteristics. I. Viral attenuation and dog response. (1981)

Scoliotic human nuclei pulposi can respond to exogenous proinflammatory stimuli by secreting increased amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6). The G/C polymorphism of the promoter region of IL-6 gene influences levels and functional activity of the IL-6 protein. We conducted a case-control study of eighty patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and one hundred sixty healthy unrelated gender-matched controls trying to investigate the association between IS and the IL-6 promoter polymorphism at -174 position (rs1800795 G/C) in Bulgarian population. Molecular detection of the IL-6 genotypes was performed by amplification followed by restriction technology. The statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's chi-squared test. Our case-control study revealed a statistically significant association between the IL-6 (-174 G/C) functional polymorphism and susceptibility to IS. In addition, a significant association between the IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism and curve severity was detected. IL-6 gene could be considered as susceptibility and modifying factor of idiopathic scoliosis. The identification of molecular markers with diagnostic and prognostic value could be useful for early detection of children at risk for the development of scoliosis and for prognosis of the risk for a rapid deformity progression. That would facilitate the therapy decisions and early stage treatment of the patient with the least invasive procedures.
Heat Transfer in Freeze-Drying Apparatus (2011)

Freeze-drying is a process used to remove water (or another solvent) from a frozen product, thus increasing its shelf-life. It is extensively used in pharmaceuticals manufacturing, to recover the active pharmaceutical ingredient (and the excipients) from an aqueous solution, as well as in some food processes, because of the low operating temperatures that allow preserving product quality. Moreover, the freeze-dried product has a high surface area and can be easily re-hydrated. In this chapter we focus on pharmaceuticals manufacturing, where the solution containing the product is generally processed in vials, placed over the shelves in a drying chamber. However, it is worth stating that, in industrial practice, other loading configurations can be used to carry out the process, thus this study will be extended also to the case where vials are loaded on trays, or the solution is directly poured in trays. The process consists of three consecutive steps, namely: 1. Freezing: product temperature is lowered below the freezing point and, thus, most of the solvent freezes, forming ice crystals. Part of the solvent can remain bounded to the product, and must be desorbed. Also the product often forms an amorphous glass which can retain a high amount of water. 2. Primary drying: in this step the pressure in the drying chamber is lowered, thus causing ice sublimation. This phase is usually carried out at low temperature (ranging, in most cases, from -40°C to -10°C) and, as sublimation requires energy, heat is transferred to the product through the shelf, by acting on the temperature of the fluid flowing in the coil inserted in the shelf. 3. Secondary drying: when the sublimation of the ice has been completed, shelf temperature is raised (e.g. to 20-40°C) and chamber pressure is further decreased to allow the desorption of the water bounded to the product, thus getting the target moisture in the product. The freeze-dryer comprises the drying chamber and a condenser where the water vapour is sublimated on some cold surfaces in order to decrease the volumetric flow-rate arriving to the vacuum pump. The pressure in the chamber can be modified either by acting on a valve placed on pump discharge, or using the so called “controlled leakage”, i.e. manipulating the flow rate of nitrogen (or another gas) introduced in the chamber. The drying chamber can be isolated from the condenser by means of a valve that is usually placed in the duct connecting the chamber to the condenser (Mellor, 1978; Jennings, 1999; Oetjen & Haseley, 2004; Franks, 2007).
Designing Multihop Wireless Backhaul Networks with Delay Guarantees (2006)

As wireless access technologies improve in data rates, the problem focus is shifting towards providing adequate backhaul from the wireless access points to the Internet. Existing wired backhaul technologies such as copper wires running at DSL, T1, or T3 speeds can be expensive to install or lease, and are becoming a performance bottleneck as wireless access speeds increase. Longhaul, non-line-of-sight wireless technologies such as WiMAX (802.16) hold the promise of enabling a high speed wireless backhaul as a cost-effective alternative. However, the biggest challenge in building a wireless backhaul is achieving guaranteed performance (throughput and delay) that is typically provided by a wired backhaul. This paper explores the problem of efficiently designing a multihop wireless backhaul to connect multiple wireless access points to a wired gateway. In particular, we provide a generalized link activation framework for scheduling packets over this wireless backhaul, such that any existing wireline scheduling policy can be implemented locally at each node of the wireless backhaul. We also present techniques for determining good interference-free routes within our scheduling framework, given the link rates and cross-link interference information. When a multihop wireline scheduler with worst case delay bounds (such as WFQ or Coordinated EDF) is implemented over the wireless backhaul, we show that our scheduling and routing framework guarantees approximately twice the delay of the corresponding wireline topology. Finally, we present simulation results to demonstrate the low delays achieved using our framework.
<i>NmDef02</i>, a novel antimicrobial gene isolated from <i>Nicotiana megalosiphon</i> confers high‐level pathogen resistance under greenhouse and field conditions (2010)

Plant defensins are small cysteine-rich peptides that inhibit the growth of a broad range of microbes. In this article, we describe NmDef02, a novel cDNA encoding a putative defensin isolated from Nicotiana megalosiphon upon inoculation with the tobacco blue mould pathogen Peronospora hyoscyami f.sp. tabacina. NmDef02 was heterologously expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and the purified recombinant protein was found to display antimicrobial activity in vitro against important plant pathogens. Constitutive expression of NmDef02 gene in transgenic tobacco and potato plants enhanced resistance against various plant microbial pathogens, including the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of the economically important potato late blight disease, under greenhouse and field conditions.
Three-Dimensional Printing of Nanomaterial Scaffolds for Complex Tissue Regeneration (2014)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently expanded in popularity, and become the cutting edge of tissue engineering research. A growing emphasis from clinicians on patient-specific care, coupled with an increasing knowledge of cellular and biomaterial interaction, has led researchers to explore new methods that enable the greatest possible control over the arrangement of cells and bioactive nanomaterials in defined scaffold geometries. In this light, the cutting edge technology of 3D printing also enables researchers to more effectively compose multi-material and cell-laden scaffolds with less effort. In this review, we explore the current state of 3D printing with a focus on printing of nanomaterials and their effect on various complex tissue regeneration applications.
2D-Omnidirectional Hard-X-Ray Scattering Sensitivity in a Single Shot (2016)

X-ray scattering imaging can provide complementary information to conventional absorption based radiographic imaging about the unresolved microstructures of a sample. The scattering signal can be accessed with various methods based on coherent illumination, which span from self-imaging to speckle scanning. The directional sensitivity of the existing real space imaging methods is limited to a few directions on the imaging plane and requires scanning of the optical components, or the rotation of either the sample or the imaging setup, in order to cover the full range of possible scattering directions. In this Letter the authors propose a new method that allows the simultaneous acquisition of scattering images in all possible directions in a single shot. This is achieved by a specialized phase grating and a detector with sufficient spatial resolution to record the generated interference fringe. The structural length scale sensitivity of the system can be tuned by varying its geometry for a fixed grating design. Taking into account ongoing developments in the field of compact x-ray sources that allow high brightness and sufficient spatial coherence, the applicability of omnidirectional scattering imaging in industrial and medical settings is boosted significantly.
Image Sensor With Focal Plane Extraction of Polarimetric Information (2006)

A novel focal plane imaging sensor capable of real time extraction of polarization information is presented. The imaging system consists of a photo array of 256 by 256 linear current mode active pixel sensors (APS). Analog processing circuitry is included at the focal plane for noise suppression and computation of the Stokes parameters. The imaging sensor was fabricated in 0.18mum process with 10mum pixel pitch and 75% fill factor. An array of micro polarizer is designed and fabricated separately and is mounted on top of the imaging array. Simulation results of the imaging sensor are presented