gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of multi-function motor protection relays to variable frequency drive connected motors (2014)

This paper reviews the application of multi-function motor protection relays to motors that are connected by variable frequency drives (VFD). Typical VFD internal motor protection functions are reviewed to understand the required roles of external motor protection relays. Applications discussed include protection requirements when the relay is located on the source side of the VFD and the motor side of the VFD. The impact of using a bypass switch around the VFD on protection requirements is also discussed.
Flame‐retardant mechanism of silica: Effects of resin molecular weight (2002)

Abstract The effects of resin molecular weight on the flame‐retardant mechanism of silica were studied with two different molecular weights of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), 122,000 and 996,000 g/mol, and two silicas, fused silica with a small surface area and silica gel with a large surface area. A total of six different samples were studied, with a mass fraction of 10% silica. The mass loss rate of the six samples in nitrogen and the heat release rate from burning in air were measured at an external radiant flux of 40 kW/m 2 . The addition of silica gel to the low‐molecular‐weight PMMA significantly reduced the mass loss rate and heat release rate; addition to the high‐molecular‐weight PMMA provided the largest reductions of these quantities in this study. For fused silica, some reduction in mass loss rate and heat release rate was observed when it was added to the high‐molecular‐weight PMMA; addition to the low‐molecular‐weight PMMA did not reduce either loss rate. Chemical analysis of the collected residues and observation of the sample surface during gasification reveal the accumulation of silica near the surface; the larger its coverage over the sample surface was, less the mass loss rate and heat release rate were. Both the level of accumulation and its surface coverage depended strongly not only on the silica characteristics but also on the melt viscosity of the PMMA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1541–1553, 2003
DA-GLRT burst detection and synchronization based on a chirp-like preamble (2008)

A specific preamble for the tasks of signal detection and synchronization in burst digital communications is presented. The preamble resembles a chirp signal used in RADAR applications. Its main benefit is that it allows the application of the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test in an efficient manner, as well as the derivation of closed-form estimators for the synchronization parameters, as shown in the paper. The proposal can be an alternative to turbo-synchronization in very low E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> scenarios.
Type I polyketide biosynthesis in bacteria (Part B) (1995 to mid-2000) (2001)

Covering 1995 to mid-2000. Previous review: 1999, 16, 425
Arkansas soybean performance tests 2019. (2019)

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.
A projection-based likelihood measure for speech recognition in noise (1994)

Investigates a projection-based likelihood measure that significantly improves automatic speech recognition performance in the presence of additive broadband noise. The measure was developed by modifying likelihood scores in continuous Gaussian density hidden Markov models (HMMs), resulting in the weighted projection measure (WPM). Experimental results using the proposed measure are reported for several performance factors: different cepstral-based parameters, normal and multistyle speech, and various noise signals, including white, jittering white, and broadband colored noise. In all cases, significant improvements in speaker-dependent, isolated word recognition were achieved using the WPM instead of the standard Gaussian likelihood measure (weighted Euclidean distance (WED)). As an example, at a SNR of 5 dB, the WPM resulted in improvement in recognition accuracy from 19.4 to 80.6% compared with the standard WED for the DFT mel-cepstral representation.
4D seismic monitoring applied to SAGD operations at Surmont, Alberta, Canada (2009)

Surmont is a heavy oil field located in northeast Alberta which is currently being developed by a joint venture between ConocoPhillips and Total. The estimated oil in place over the Surmont lease is approximately 20 billion barrels of bitumen located approximately 400 meters below the surface. Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the in‐situ thermal recovery method being used to develop the field. This method utilizes a pattern of horizontal well pairs that continually inject steam into the reservoir to mobilize the heavy oil so it can be produced to surface (Butler, 1994). The acoustic properties of heavy oil sands exhibit a strong response to temperature changes resulting in a significant velocity decrease through zones in the reservoir which have been thermally altered by the SAGD process. This unique response makes it possible to utilize time lapse seismic methods to monitor the thermal evolution of the steam over time (Pullin et al., 1987, Eastwood et al., 1994, Schmitt, 1999). Highly repeatable 4D seismic surveys have been acquired at Surmont over six month intervals since commercial production began in 2007. The 4D results identified several SAGD well pairs which were underperforming due to poorly developed steam chamber conformance (the fraction of the well affected by steam) along significant portions of the well pair. These poor performing wells can have a negative impact on the project economics due to inefficient use of the steam resulting in a higher operating steam‐oil ratio (SOR). Using the 4D observations, an optimized well operating strategy was implemented to improve conformance and recovery from these well pairs by more effectively managing heel/toe injection and production splits. A volumetric relationship between cumulative oil production and the 4D anomaly volumes was identified which has been used to estimate current recovery factors at discrete intervals along each SAGD well pair. These results are currently being used to monitor individual well pair performance and history match reservoir simulations in order to provide more accurate predictions from the reservoir models.
Simultaneous Observation of Electric Field Coupling to Longitudinal and Transverse Ferroelectricity in a Chiral Liquid Crystal (1996)

We report novel odd-even layering effects in freely suspended films of the chiral liquid crystal MHPOBC in its antiferroelectric smectic phase. Films with an odd number of smectic layers are characterized by transverse ferroelectricity (molecular tilt plane perpendicular to applied electric field E), while films with an even number of layers exhibit longitudinal ferroelectricity (molecular tilt plane parallel to E). This is the first observation of the simultaneous electric field manipulation of longitudinal and transverse ferroelectric polarization in liquid crystals.
The assessment of visual acuity for low socioeconomic status kids by their environmental factors (2021)

Although many studies have discussed visual acuity (VA), the childhood myopia epidemic has not been alleviated and requires further investigation. In this study, investigations were carried out on the difference in kids' VA by their environmental factors, such as various family structures, the effect of visual health attitudes (VHA) and visual health behaviours (VHB) on VA. The research subjects are selected for kids in low socioeconomic status (SES) families in Changhua County, Taiwan. This study conducted purposive sampling based on a questionnaire survey and combining a VA examination. There were 260 questionnaires collected, and significantly over 60% of the samples of low SES elementary school kids were not living with their both parents. Of these kids, the highest proportion (33.5%) lived with their mothers, sequentially, 32.7% with their grandparents and 30.0% with their fathers. In fact, 48.8% of these low SES kids' visions were below 0.9, which is 2.7% higher than the defective vision rate in Taiwan. These kids with poor VA mostly in worse VHA can lead to unhealthy VHB and ultimately to myopia. Some parents at low SES families were busy at making money rather than taking care of kids. Thus, kids addicted to playing 3C products at home without participating in leisure sports result in the rapid increase of myopia. According to the results of the study, "correct" VHA can lead to "correct" VHB; nevertheless, leisure sports participation (LSP) can lead to "correct" VHB for ensuring good VA for kids.
Measuring Manʼs Stability of Stance (1979)

Although clinical testing has not yet been performed, an instrumentation system has been designed to investigate the stability of human stance. The vectorstabilograph allows investigators to record the locus of the center of gravity and micromovements of the subject's body on two axes, frontal and sagittal, during normal standing. The system uses strain gauges for continous translation of these micromechanical oscillations into electrical signals for subsequent amplification, recording, and analysis. The application of improved technology has resulted in high accuracy, linearity, reliability, and simplicity of operation. An apparatus that determines changes in human stability may prove useful in the detection of early stages of pathology or disequilibrium. Specialized disciplines including clinical medicine, otorhinolaryngology, industrial, aerospace, undersea, and sport physiology may benefit from an analysis of micro-motion measurements.
High-frequency 6000 V double-gate GTO's (1993)

A double-gate gate turn off (GTO) thyristor, which has an additional gate on the n-base layer, has been proposed to realize high-frequency operation for high-power inverters. The double-gate structure has further been combined with an n-buffer structure to realize narrow n-base width. A forward-blocking voltage of 6000 V was obtained, even at 150 degrees C, when the second gate was shorted to the anode electrode. In order to reduce turn-on and turn-off switching losses, the dependence of these losses on a time interval between two gate triggering pulses has been investigated. It was found that the turn-off loss of approximately 1/20th of that for a conventional GTO thyristor was achieved by adjusting the time interval between the two gate triggering pulses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction (2006)

NO new cathedrals were built in England or Wales after 1250, and few monasteries were established between that time and their dissolution 300 years later. The castles of Edward I in North Wales were almost the last fortresses to be erected in this country before the advent of Henry VIII's coastal forts and blockhouses. A considerable number of churches were extended or rebuilt during the later middle ages but they conformed in plan and liturgical function to those of an earlier age. On the other hand, houses had begun to take a recognisable form during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries which reached fulfilment as a prism of society during the following two centuries. They reflected the spread of wealth, the rise of new families, social differentiation, and the organisation and growth of household institutions. Out of the one and a half thousand medieval houses that have survived in England and Wales, nearly 700 are described in these three volumes. They stand as testimony to the first great age of domestic architecture, for that was not an achievement of the Tudors but a development of Plantaganet society between 1300 and 1500. It is these houses that lie at the heart of architectural and related institutional development during the later middle ages.
Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, through activation of DNA damage response pathway (2012)

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-1-65) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Multilinguality in voice activated information services: The P502 EURESCOM project (2002)

The paper describes the multilingual system developed within the framework of the P502 EURESCOM project. The system described provides information about major telephone services available in United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Portugal in five languages. We present the results of a number of experiments carried out in the five countries, aiming to try and answer some fundamental questions concerned with the exploitation of a multilingual service. Both technological and interface design issues have been investigated and several alternatives have been tested. The prototypes which were implemented showed that a transaction success rate of more than 92% can be obtained when speech recognisers exhibiting good word recognition accuracy are coupled to suitable dialogue interfaces in the IVR system.
Potentials of ultra-short-pulse time-domain scattering measurements (2000)

This article illustrates the potentials of ultra-short-pulse time-domain scattering measurements, and describes a facility to perform such measurements. The main advantages of measuring in the time domain are the high range resolution and the relatively simple measurement setup. A time-domain radar cross section measurement of a flat plate is performed, to illustrate the advantages of such methods over a conventional frequency-domain setup. The measurement was performed with a sampling oscilloscope, a pulse generator, and two 2-12 GHz ridged-horn antennas. Because the horns were not designed for transmitting transient signals, an additional system-response measurement, in combination with a software deconvolution algorithm, restored the impulse response of the object under test. Further processing separated the response of the object from clutter. A comparison of the time-domain data with calculated and measured frequency-domain radar cross sections shows good agreement. The high range resolution (100 ps) enabled the separation of scattering mechanisms (i.e., reflection, single and multiple diffraction). It is concluded that ultra-short-pulse time-domain measurements could be very beneficial.
Development of Three-dimensional Simulation Platform for Smart Car with Camera Based on MRDS (2012)

This paper introduces the three-dimensional(3-D) simulation system designed for debugging of smart car based on microsoft robotics developer studio(MRDS),in order to facilitate the adjustment of the control algorithm and the parameters in the simulation systems.After initial development,the driving state and related data of smart car with camera in 3-D simulation environment can be observed,and the parameters can be adjust quickly.
Software defined radio prototype toward cognitive radio communication systems (2005)

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) has developed a software defined radio platform that consists of FPGA board, CPU board, and RF boards. On the platform, software packages for W-CDMA, IEEE802.11a/b, and digital terrestrial broadcasting have been developed. Each software package consists of physical layer, MAC/DLC layer, IP layer, and application layer part In this paper the details of SDR platform and its software are introduced. Then, the volume of each software package for FPGAs and CPUs is shown and the minimum size of hardware that realizes communication and broadcasting systems with high-signal-processing-power is discussed. Finally, this paper shows the image and requirement of cognitive radio based on the research results
Epizootiology of Borrelia in Ixodes Tick Vectors and Reservoir Hosts (1989)

Four North American and two European species of Ixodes ticks harbor borreliae. Three of the North American species--Ixodes dammini, Ixodes scapularis, and Ixodes pacificus--and two Old World species--Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus--feed on a wide range of hosts, including humans; the North American Ixodes dentatus has a predilection for cottontail rabbits and rarely parasitizes humans. In Lyme disease foci in North America where I. dammini is common, Borrelia burgdorferi or similar types of spirochetes have been cultured from 10 species of wild or domestic mammals and from one species of songbird. The prevalence of infected rodents is remarkably high (greater than or equal to 75%) in these foci. Several different antigenic variants of B. burgdorferi have been cultured. Initial isolates of B. burgdorferi in North America were remarkably homogeneous, but documentation of different variants is increasing. The association of different antigenic variants with diseases in humans and domestic animals needs to be clarified.
Human-in-the-Loop Interpretability Prior (2018)

We often desire our models to be interpretable as well as accurate. Prior work on optimizing models for interpretability has relied on easy-to-quantify proxies for interpretability, such as sparsity or the number of operations required. In this work, we optimize for interpretability by directly including humans in the optimization loop. We develop an algorithm that minimizes the number of user studies to find models that are both predictive and interpretable and demonstrate our approach on several data sets. Our human subjects results show trends towards different proxy notions of interpretability on different datasets, which suggests that different proxies are preferred on different tasks.
[Effects of analgesia and sedation on cerebrovascular circulation, cerebral blood volume, cerebral metabolism and intracranial pressure]. (1995)

Cerebral blood flow autoregulation, CO2 reactivity and the pressure-volume relationship may be impaired or abolished in patients with intracranial mass lesions, brain trauma, cerebral vasospasm or increased cerebral elastance. Sedatives, analgetics, and anesthetics may induce major changes in cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolism and intracranial pressure (ICP). The inadequate use of these drugs may aggravate the preexisting intracranial pathology and may worsen outcome. Thus it is important to understand the effects of sedatives, analgetics, and anaesthetics on intracranial hemodynamics and metabolism during physiological and pathological conditions. Hypnotics (barbiturates, etomidate, propofol), benzodiazepines, opioids (fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil) and alpha-2-adrenergic agonists (clonidine, dexmedetomidine) reduce cerebral blood flow. With ketamine, cerebral blood flow changes in a regionally specific fashion, with some territories showing increases and others showing decreases in cerebral blood flow. Cerebral metabolism is decreased during sedation and analgesia with hypnotics, benzodiazepines, and opioids, while infusion of ketamine produces stimulation as well as suppression of cerebral metabolism. This suggests that the changes in cerebral blood flow seen with these drugs occur secondary to their cerebral, metabolic effects. Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists produce no significant changes in cerebral metabolism. However, cerebral blood flow is decreased with clonidine or dexmedetomidine. This suggests uncoupling between cerebral metabolism and flow due to decreases in central catecholamine turnover. Hypnotics and benzodiazepines decrease ICP due to decreases in cerebral blood volume. However, these drugs may also decrease mean arterial blood pressure, which may result in a critical reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure. ICP remains unchanged with the use of opioids as long as mean arterial pressure is maintained constant. However, decreases in mean arterial pressure during infusion of opioids induce autoregulatory cerebral vasodilation, which in turn increases cerebral blood volume and ICP. Ketamine may increase ICP specifically in subjects with spontaneous ventilation. With mechanical hyperventilation and constant systemic hemodynamics, ketamine fails to increase ICP in most of the patients. Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists produce no significant changes in ICP, although there may be a transient decrease in ICP with lower doses.
Picking up a soft 3D object by “feeling” the grip (2015)

This paper describes a strategy for a robotic hand to pick up deformable 3D objects on a table. Inspired by human hand behavior, the robotic hand employs two rigid fingers to first squeeze such an object until it “feels” the object to be liftable. Such “feeling” is provided by a (virtual) liftability test that is repeatedly conducted during the squeeze. Passing of the test then triggers a lifting action. Throughout the manipulation the object’s deformation and its state of contact with the fingers and the table are being tracked based on contact events. Deformable modeling uses the finite element method (FEM) while slip computation employs the homotopy continuation method to determine the contact displacements induced by finger movements. The experiment was conducted for everyday items ranging from vegetables to a toy. A simulation-based comparison between deformable grasping and rigid body grasping reveals why soft objects are easier to pick up than hard ones, and demonstrates how a rigid body grasping strategy may fail on soft objects in certain situations.
Comparison of hypoxia-activated prodrug evofosfamide (TH-302) and ifosfamide in preclinical non-small cell lung cancer models (2016)

Evofosfamide (TH-302) is a hypoxia-activated prodrug of the cytotoxin bromo-isophosphoramide. In hypoxic conditions Br-IPM is released and alkylates DNA. Ifosfamide is a chloro-isophosphoramide prodrug activated by hepatic Cytochrome P450 enzymes. Both compounds are used for the treatment of cancer. Ifosfamide has been approved by the FDA while evofosfamide is currently in the late stage of clinical development. The purpose of this study is to compare efficacy and safety profile of evofosfamide and ifosfamide in preclinical non-small cell lung cancer H460 xenograft models. Immunocompetent CD-1 mice and H460 tumor-bearing immunocompromised nude mice were used to investigate the safety profile. The efficacy of evofosfamide or ifosfamide, alone, and in combination with docetaxel or sunitinib was compared in ectopic and intrapleural othortopic H460 xenograft models in animals exposed to ambient air or different oxygen concentration breathing conditions. At an equal body weight loss level, evofosfamide showed greater or comparable efficacy in both ectopic and orthotopic H460 xenograft models. Evofosfamide, but not ifosfamide, exhibited controlled oxygen concentration breathing condition-dependent antitumor activity. However, at an equal body weight loss level, ifosfamide yielded severe hematologic toxicity when compared to evofosfamide, both in monotherapy and in combination with docetaxel. At an equal hematoxicity level, evofosfamide showed superior antitumor activity. These results indicate that evofosfamide shows superior or comparable efficacy and a favorable safety profile when compared to ifosfamide in preclinical human lung carcinoma models. This finding is consistent with multiple clinical trials of evofosfamide as a single agent, or in combination therapy, which demonstrated both anti-tumor activity and safety profile without severe myelosuppression.