gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erythromycin effects on gastric emptying, antral motility and plasma motilin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations in anorexia nervosa. (1993)

In primary anorexia nervosa, gastric motility is often impaired and ensuing symptoms further discourage eating. Prokinetic agents have been shown to accelerate gastric emptying in affected patients. This study investigated whether emptying of a radiolabelled semisolid 1168 kJ meal and antral contractility were enhanced by intravenous erythromycin. Eight women and two men with anorexia nervosa (21-46 years, 50-75% of ideal body weight) received 200 mg erythromycin or placebo under crossover double blind conditions. Gastric emptying and antral contractility were recorded scintigraphically for 90 minutes. In addition, plasma motilin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were determined. With placebo, antral contractions were of regular 3 cycles/minute frequency. With erythromycin, less frequent and partly arrhythmic long duration contractions set in and emptying was accelerated: after 90 minutes, the activity remaining in the stomach was markedly less than with placebo in all patients (Sign test, p < 0.002). Basal motilin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were normal and showed a normal response to the meal in all patients. Motilin concentrations decreased slightly more and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations increased markedly more with erythromycin than with placebo, possibly because the meal reached the intestine earlier. In conclusion, erythromycin accelerated emptying markedly and in most patients induced an antral motor activity characterised by long duration contractions occurring at often irregular intervals.
The Evolution of Objective Analysis Methodology at the National Meteorological Center (1989)

The objective analysis of meteorological variables has been routinely performed at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) since October 1955. In the first few years, much attention was devoted to incorporating three principles of subjective meteorological analysis into the automated procedures: spatial coherence, temporal continuity, and adherence to dynamic constraints. Consideration of these principles has continued in subsequent years as objective analysis methodology has evolved. That evolution has been driven by three interrelated developments: advances in observing technology, progress in prediction modeling, and a marked increase in computer capability. In light of these factors, this paper surveys the evolution of analysis methodology at NMC from 1955 to the end of 1988.
Tuning the surface chemistry of graphene flakes: new strategies for selective oxidation (2017)

One-step selective oxidation strategies towards the rational tuning of the surface chemistry of graphene flakes are presented.
Performance evaluation of first-last-exact fit spectrum allocation policy for elastic optical networks (2017)

This paper evaluates the performance of the first-last-exact fit spectrum allocation policy for elastic optical networks. The first-last-exact fit spectrum allocation policy is intended to increase the number of aligned available slots and avoid small contiguous available slots, and hence suppresses the blocking probability. This policy separates the allocation of disjoint and non-disjoint connections. Connections with disjoint paths are allocated using the first-exact fit allocation policy, whereas connections with non-disjoint paths are allocated using the last-exact fit allocation policy. The separation of the disjoint and non-disjoint connections provides a higher number of aligned available slots. Simulation results show that the first-last-exact fit spectrum allocation policy improves the traffic admissibility compared to the conventional first fit and first-last fit policies.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking functional c-jun: consequences for growth and differentiation, AP-1 activity and tumorigenicity. (1992)

The proto-oncogene c-jun encodes the major component of the transcription factor AP-1 and is thought to have important functions in cell proliferation and differentiation as well as in the cellular response to a variety of external stimuli. To investigate directly the role of c-jun in growth, differentiation and tumorigenicity we generated mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines in which both copies of the c-jun gene have been inactivated by homologous recombination. The disruption of both copies of the c-jun gene had no apparent effect on ES cell viability, growth rate and in vitro differentiation potential. Transcriptional activation of the c-jun, junB and c-fos genes following TPA/serum induction was unaffected and efficient transactivation of AP-1 reporter constructs was demonstrated in these cells. Remarkably, subcutaneous injection of ES cells lacking c-Jun into syngeneic mice led to a drastic reduction in the formation of teratocarcinomas. We propose that whereas most of the functions of c-Jun in ES cells appear to be complemented by other Jun proteins in vitro, functional c-Jun protein is essential for efficient tumor growth in vivo.
From Tapping to Touching: Making Touch Screens Accessible to Blind Users (2008)

The NavTouch navigational method enables blind users to input text in a touch-screen device by performing directional gestures to navigate a vowel-indexed alphabet.
RF power FinFET transistors with a wide drain-extended fin (2017)

Drain-extended FinFET transistors for RF power applications have been fabricated and is presented in this paper. Power FinFETs with a wide drain extension are proposed to reduce the drain resistance. Compared with conventional drain-extended FinFETs, our proposed new devices exhibit lower on-resistances and better high-frequency performances while keeping a similar breakdown voltage. The enhancements of the on-resistance and peak cutoff frequency are 16 and 56%, respectively, under an optimal drain-extension layout. These experimental results suggest that FinFET transistors with a wide drain extension could be used for RF power applications, increasing the possibility of integrating RF power parts into future FinFET system-on-a-chip technologies.
Identification of an Oolemmal Receptor for the Sperm Acrosomal Ligand, SLLP1. (2008)

The molecular mechanisms by which fertilization competent, acrosome reacted sperm bind to the oolemma prior to gamete fusion remains enigmatic. SLLP1 is a sperm intra-acrosomal, lysozyme like, non-bacteriolytic protein encoded by the gene Spaca3 which is conserved across mammals. Mouse SLLP1 (mSLLP1) is retained predominantly in the equatorial segment following the acrosome reaction. mSLLP1 binds to the microvillar domain of egg plasma membrane. Sperm binding to the oolemma as well as fertilization is blocked with recombinant SLLP1 suggesting the presence of oolemmal SLLP1 receptors. In order to identify receptor(s) of mSLLP1, an affinity panning experiment was performed on zona free mouse egg lysate with soluble mSLLP1 as bait employing surface plasmon resonance technique followed by tandem mass spectrometric microsequencing. Several proteins were identified as candidate SLLP1 receptors including an oocyte specific transmembrane protein, named SAS1R (sperm acrosomal SLLP1 receptor). SAS1R has a protease domain and is conserved among mammals. Full length SAS1R was cloned, expressed, and recombinant protein purified for characterization and functional studies including production of anti-SAS1R antibodies. SAS1R localized on the microvillar domain of mature live oocytes and was significantly lost after fertilization being virtually undetectable in blastocysts. Transfection of CHO-K1 cells with the full length SAS1R cDNA construct allowed the protein to be expressed on the surface of non-permeabilized cells, indicating the presence of an active transmembrane domain. Confocal studies revealed co-localization of mSLLP1 and SAS1R in unfertilized oocytes. To test the affinity between these two proteins in vitro, far-western analysis was performed with bacterially expressed purified recombinant proteins. Mouse SLLP1 showed stronger affinity to full length SAS1R than to its C-terminal fragment. Affinity between these two molecules in vivo was analyzed by the yeast two-hybrid system under stringent selection conditions. The N-terminus of SAS1R showed higher affinity than its C-terminus in binding to mSLLP1 and rescued the yeast cells on agar plate deficient in adenine and histidine confirming the interaction between these proteins. Furthermore, co-IP experiments using in vitro translated proteins from rabbit reticulocyte lysate containing radiolabelled methionine allowed immunoprecipitation of SAS1R by mSLLP1 and the converse, using anti-HA and/or anti-c-Myc tag monoclonal antibodies conjugated to agarose beads. The purified recombinant SAS1R was also found to be a protease active against the synthetic peptide as assayed by a FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) based method. The present results suggest the identification of an oolemmal receptor, SAS1R, for the sperm acrosomal ligand, SLLP1. This research was supported by the Kenneth A Scott Trust, a Keybank Trust, NIH R03 HD055129 and D43 TW/HD 00654 from the Fogarty International Center.
Learning Optimal Incident Illumination using Spectral Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Images for Material Classification (2015)

This article introduces a novel algorithm to learn optimal incident illumination for material classification using spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) images. The method performs a joint selection of incident angle and spectral band in two steps: (1) clustering and selecting incident angles using statistics on the spectral BRDF images for a specific material, and (2) searching for the optimal angles and spectral bands that maximize material discriminability, which we measure in classification performance. The benefits of reducing the number of incident illumination angles include improving material classification, reducing computational time and storage, and allowing for a less cumbersome and potentially mobile imaging system. The authors show that their approach provides comparable material classification performance when using a reduced number of incident illuminations as compared with when using a larger number. They also compare their approach with prior work.
Special Editorial Perspective: Beyond Li-Ion Battery Chemistry (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTSpecial Editorial Perspective: Beyond Li-Ion Battery ChemistryM. Stanley Whittingham*M. Stanley WhittinghamChemistry and Materials, Binghamton University*Email: [email protected]More by M. Stanley Whittinghamhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-9334Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 14, 6328–6330Publication Date (Web):July 22, 2020Publication History Published online22 July 2020Published inissue 22 July 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00438https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00438editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views7677Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (575 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Batteries,Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Intercalation,Lithium Get e-Alerts
Growth of <i>Rhodospirillum rubrum</i> on synthesis gas: Conversion of CO to H<sub>2</sub> and poly‐β‐hydroxyalkanoate (2006)

To examine the potential use of synthesis gas as a carbon and energy source in fermentation processes, Rhodospirillum rubrum was cultured on synthesis gas generated from discarded seed corn. The growth rates, growth and poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) yields, and CO oxidation/H(2) evolution rates were evaluated in comparison to the rates observed with an artificial synthesis gas mixture. Depending on the gas conditioning system used, synthesis gas either stimulated or inhibited CO-oxidation rates compared to the observations with the artificial synthesis gas mixture. Inhibitory and stimulatory compounds in synthesis gas could be removed by the addition of activated charcoal, char-tar, or char-ash filters (char, tar, and ash are gasification residues). In batch fermentations, approximately 1.4 mol CO was oxidized per day per g cell protein with the production of 0.75 mol H(2) and 340 mg PHA per day per g cell protein. The PHA produced from R. rubrum grown on synthesis gas was composed of 86% beta-hydroxybutyrate and 14% beta-hydroxyvalerate. Mass transfer of CO into the liquid phase was determined as the rate-limiting step in the fermentation.
[Intermediate filament proteins as markers in tumor diagnosis]. (1988)

Classification of tumors is based on histogenesis and on determination of malignancy. In well differentiated neoplasias the tumor tissue reveals a similar morphological pattern similar to that of the normal tissue from which they have originated. In contrast less differentiated neoplasias do not show such similarities to normal tissue in conventional stains and special procedures such as electron microscopy or immunohistology have to be performed in order to detect cell specific products. In many undifferentiated tumors this is not possible because loss of differentiation and organisation in tumor cells do not allow the production of cell specific substances. A new possibility for determining the histogenesis of tumors is the use of antibodies which are specific for one type of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filaments are structures, which together with microtubules and microfilaments form the cytoskeleton. Intermediate filaments are composed of different polypeptides, which show a cell type specificity. Keratins are the intermediate filaments characteristically found in keratinizing and nonkeratinizing epithelia. Desmin is the specific intermediate filament type of sarcomeric, visceral and some type of vascular smooth muscle tissue. Vimentin filaments are characteristic of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, chondrocytes and most but not all lymphatic cells and the only intermediate filament type present in these cells. Neurofilaments are composed of three different polypeptides, which form the so called neurofilament triplet and are characteristically found in central and peripheral neurons. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) forms the intermediate filament system of normal and reactive astrocytes and also some ependymal cells contain GFAP. Thus cells and tissues can be divided into five different types by the use of appropriate polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. In the current study we were interested to determine with a large number of specimens, whether primary tumors or metastases continue to express the intermediate type characteristic of the normal tissue. The following results demonstrate, there is abundant evidence that intermediate filaments can be used as cell type specific markers both for normal tissue and for tumors. 1. To exclude wrong negative results by intermediate filament typing, a reliable detection of intermediate filaments should be performed on cryostat sections or on material, which has been recently ethanol fixed and paraffin embedded. With many antibodies fixation of the tissue in formalin results in a decrease of reactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Dynamic polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and PMD compensator model and their application to the study of PMD compensator speed requirement (2006)

We present a dynamic polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and PMD compensator (PMDC) model that can be used to study PMDC speed effects on a PMDC performance and the speed requirement for a PMDC.
Surgical Techniques: Penoscopy: Optical Corporotomy and Resection for Prosthesis Implantation in Cases of Penile Fibrosis, Shaeer's Technique (2007)

Implanting a penile prosthesis in corpora cavernosa with significant fibrosis represents a challenge to the surgeon. Fibrosis may result from delayed re-implantation following removal of an infected prosthesis, extensive Peyronie’s disease, as well as veno-occlusive priapism. Forceful dilation of the corpora cavernosa against resistance is performed in a blind fashion. Complications resulting from aggressive blind dilation include perforation of the corpora and injury to the urethra. The optical corporotomy and resection technique allows a tunnel to be created within rather than alongside the fibrous tissue to accommodate the prosthesis without force and under vision.
Transplantation of encapsulated canine islets into spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor rats without immunosuppression. (1992)

Extended survival of canine islet xenografts implanted in spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor rats has been achieved by islet encapsulation inside cylindrical chambers fabricated from permselective acrylic membranes. Intraperitoneal implantation of the encapsulated islets reversed the diabetic state of the 10 recipients within 24 h. Plasma glucose levels declined from a preimplantation level of 459 +/- 30 to 102 +/- 14 mg/dl during the first 10 days. All of the animals sustained these levels for at least 1 month, and 2 animals for at least 2 and 8 months, respectively. To confirm that glucose homeostasis resulted from the encapsulated islet grafts, the implants were removed from 2 rats 1 month postimplantation, whereas a third was removed at 2 months. Hyperglycemia was observed immediately in all 3 animals, with glucose levels rising from 100 +/- 3 to 510 +/- 43 mg/dl within 1 day. In contrast, diabetic control rats (n = 4) receiving nonencapsulated islets became hyperglycemic in less than 1 week. The iv glucose tolerance test K value (decline in glucose levels, percent per min) at 10 days was 2.3 +/- 0.4 compared with 0.6 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.005) and 3.1 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.02) for untreated diabetic (n = 4) and normal control (n = 4) groups. Histological analyses and electron microscopy of long term functioning grafts revealed well preserved islets, with hormone-producing alpha-, beta-, and delta-cells; the membranes were generally free of fibrosis and host cell adherence. These results demonstrate that permselective artificial membranes can protect discordant islet xenografts from both graft rejection and autoimmune destruction for more than 1 month in an animal model that is similar in several respects to human type I diabetes.
Investigation into the shape of a wake of a yawed full-scale turbine (2018)

In this study, data from a lidar-based field campaign are used to examine the effect of yaw misalignment on the shape of a wind turbine wake. Prior investigation in wind tunnel research and high-fidelity computer simulation show that the shape assumes an increasingly curled shape as the wake propagates downstream, because of the presence of two counter-rotating vortices. The shape of the wake observed in the field data diverges from predictions of wake shape, and a lidar model is simulated within a large-eddy simulation of the wind turbine in the atmospheric boundary layer to understand the discrepancy.
Learning What Data to Learn (2017)

Machine learning is essentially the sciences of playing with data. An adaptive data selection strategy, enabling to dynamically choose different data at various training stages, can reach a more effective model in a more efficient way. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning framework, which we call \emph{\textbf{N}eural \textbf{D}ata \textbf{F}ilter} (\textbf{NDF}), to explore automatic and adaptive data selection in the training process. In particular, NDF takes advantage of a deep neural network to adaptively select and filter important data instances from a sequential stream of training data, such that the future accumulative reward (e.g., the convergence speed) is maximized. In contrast to previous studies in data selection that is mainly based on heuristic strategies, NDF is quite generic and thus can be widely suitable for many machine learning tasks. Taking neural network training with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) as an example, comprehensive experiments with respect to various neural network modeling (e.g., multi-layer perceptron networks, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks) and several applications (e.g., image classification and text understanding) demonstrate that NDF powered SGD can achieve comparable accuracy with standard SGD process by using less data and fewer iterations.
High temperature oxidation resistance of 4TaC-HfC/LaB6 composite (2020)

In this paper, 4TaC-HfC/LaB6 composite was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and its oxidation resistance was significantly improved by vacuum heat treatment process. The result shows that the oxidation weight gain rate of SPSII sintered sample after 1400 ​°C, 2 ​h of air oxidation was decreased from 9.86% to 2.24% by the vacuum heat treatment. The sample was consolidated and the oxide layer was adhered.
Entecavir at Five Years Shows Long-Term Maintenance of High Genetic Barrier to Hepatitis B Virus Resistance (2008)

Aims: Entecavir (ETV) provides both potent viral suppression and a high genetic barrier to resistance, requiring ≥3 resistance substitutions. As a result, in nucleoside-naïve patients, ETV resistance (ETVr) was rare through 4 years. The genetic barrier in lamivudine(LVD)-refractory patients was reduced.
Dynamics of Lysine Side-Chain Amino Groups in a Protein Studied by Heteronuclear <sup>1</sup>H−<sup>15</sup>N NMR Spectroscopy (2010)

Despite their importance in macromolecular interactions and functions, the dynamics of lysine side-chain amino groups in proteins are not well understood. In this study, we have developed the methodology for the investigations of the dynamics of lysine NH3(+) groups by NMR spectroscopy and computation. By using 1H−15N heteronuclear correlation experiments optimized for 15NH3(+) moieties, we have analyzed the dynamic behavior of individual lysine NH3(+) groups in human ubiquitin at 2 °C and pH 5. We modified the theoretical framework developed previously for CH3 groups and used it to analyze 15N relaxation data for the NH3(+) groups. For six lysine NH3(+) groups out of seven in ubiquitin, we have determined model-free order parameters, correlation times for bond rotation, and reorientation of the symmetry axis occurring on a pico- to nanosecond time scale. From CPMG relaxation dispersion experiment for lysine NH3(+) groups, slower dynamics occurring on a millisecond time scale have also been detected for Lys27. The NH3(+) groups of Lys48, which plays a key role as the linkage site in ubiquitination for proteasomal degradation, was found to be highly mobile with the lowest order parameter among the six NH3(+) groups analyzed by NMR. We compared the experimental order parameters for the lysine NH3(+) groups with those from a 1 μs molecular dynamics simulation in explicit solvent and found good agreement between the two. Furthermore, both the computer simulation and the experimental correlation times for the bond rotations of NH3(+) groups suggest that their hydrogen bonding is highly dynamic with a subnanosecond lifetime. This study demonstrates the utility of combining NMR experiment and simulation for an in-depth characterization of the dynamics of these functionally most important side-chains of ubiquitin.