gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Predictable Networks-on-Chip-Based (2007)

Today, chip multiprocessors (CMPs) that accommo- date multiple processor cores on the same chip have become a reality. As the communication complexity of such multicore sys- tems is rapidly increasing, designing an interconnect architecture with predictable behavior is essential for proper system opera- tion. In CMPs, general-purpose processor cores are used to run software tasks of different applications and the communication between the cores cannot be precharacterized. Designing an effi- cient network-on-chip (NoC)-based interconnect with predictable performance is thus a challenging task. In this paper, we address the important design issue of synthesizing the most power efficient NoC interconnect for CMPs, providing guaranteed optimum throughput and predictable performance for any application to be executed on the CMP. In our synthesis approach, we use accurate delay and power models for the network components (switches and links) that are obtained from layouts of the components using industry standard tools. The synthesis approach utilizes the floor- plan knowledge of the NoC to detect timing violations on the NoC links early in the design cycle. This leads to a faster design cycle and quicker design convergence across the high-level synthesis approach and the physical implementation of the design. We validate the design flow predictability of our proposed approach by performing a layout of the NoC synthesized for a 25-core CMP. Our approach maintains the regular and predictable structure of the NoC and is applicable in practice to existing NoC architectures.
Software Plagiarism Detection with Birthmarks Based on Dynamic Key Instruction Sequences (2015)

A software birthmark is a unique characteristic of a program. Thus, comparing the birthmarks between the plaintiff and defendant programs provides an effective approach for software plagiarism detection. However, software birthmark generation faces two main challenges: the absence of source code and various code obfuscation techniques that attempt to hide the characteristics of a program. In this paper, we propose a new type of software birthmark called DYnamic Key Instruction Sequence (DYKIS) that can be extracted from an executable without the need for source code. The plagiarism detection algorithm based on our new birthmarks is resilient to both weak obfuscation techniques such as compiler optimizations and strong obfuscation techniques implemented in tools such as SandMark, Allatori and Upx. We have developed a tool called DYKIS-PD (DYKIS Plagiarism Detection tool) and conducted extensive experiments on large number of binary programs. The tool, the benchmarks and the experimental results are all publicly available.
Treatment of traumatic brain injury with thymosin β4 in rats (2010)

These data for the first time demonstrate that delayed administration of Tβ(4) significantly improves histological and functional outcomes in rats with TBI, indicating that Tβ(4) has considerable therapeutic potential for patients with TBI.
Long wavelength GaInNAs ridge waveguide lasers with GaNAs barriers (2002)

Summary form only given. We will present results of high efficiency long wavelength multiple quantum well (MQW) GaInNAs ridge-waveguide laser diodes using GaNAs barriers These ridge waveguide laser diodes have broad emission spectra covering 1.27 /spl mu/m to 1.4 /spl mu/m with the pulsed operation up to 90 C. A nine QW photoluminescence sample showed approximately 3 times stronger PL intensity than a three QW sample and is applicable to high power lasers.
Reversal of cardiac and skeletal manifestations of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by cardiosphere-derived cells and their exosomes in <i>mdx</i> dystrophic mice and in human Duchenne cardiomyocytes (2017)

Genetic deficiency of dystrophin leads to disability and premature death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, affecting the heart as well as skeletal muscle. Here we report that cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), which are being tested clinically for the treatment of Duchenne cardiomyopathy, improve cardiac and skeletal myopathy in the mdx mouse model of DMD and in human Duchenne cardiomyocytes. Injection of CDCs into the hearts of mdx mice augments cardiac function, ambulatory capacity and survival. Exosomes secreted by human CDCs reproduce the benefits of CDCs in mdx mice and in human Duchenne cardiomyocytes. The findings further motivate the testing of CDCs in Duchenne patients, while identifying exosomes as next-generation therapeutic candidates.
Virtual trees routing protocol for a wireless ATM LAN (2002)

This paper presents a new routing algorithm for a wireless ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) LAN (local area network). The LAN combines positive aspects of connection-oriented and datagram communications schemes in its usage of the ATM VP/VC (virtual path/virtual channel) concept. In this scheme, a set of VPI (virtual path identifier) trees, rooted at each node in the LAN, are preestablished. This has the effect of emulating "connectionless" networking which simplifies handoffs and other mobility management tasks. Given that the VPI sink trees are preestablished, there is a need for a procedure to compute and update the routes of these VPI trees with changing conditions in the LAN. We first propose an off-line procedure to compute the initial VPI trees. Since traffic conditions are likely to change rapidly in mobile networks, we propose a distributed scheme called VTRP (virtual trees routing protocol) to dynamically update the routes of VPI trees in response to repeated congestion and/or topological changes in the network.
New improved syntheses of LaRuO3 perovskites and theirapplications in environmental catalysis (2003)

Unsupported and supported LaRuO3 type lanthanum ruthenate perovskites have been synthesized using co-precipitation
and other improved techniques, which results in synthesis of LaRuO3 with better physical properties. ‘Freeze-drying’, ‘in situ’
synthesis, co-precipitation and ‘deposition precipitation’ techniques have been used mostly for the first time to synthesize
LaRuO3 perovskite with ruthenium in 3+ oxidation state. These innovative synthesis methods have resulted in formation
of LaRuO3 with improved, physical and catalytic properties. Alumina supported LaRuO3 has also been prepared which
shows remarkable improvement in surface area and catalytic activity for certain reactions of environmental importance. These
methods offer non-tedious, easy synthesis of Ru(III) perovskite at relatively lower temperature. LaRuO3 shows reasonably
high thermal stability and can be a potential candidate for many catalytic reactions even at elevated temperatures.
Pharmacogenomics of β <sub>2</sub> -Agonist: Key Focus on Signaling Pathways (2006)

Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases, where inhalation and exhalation are obstructed due to narrowing of the airways by broncho-constriction or by inflammation. Among all the available anti-asthma therapies, beta2-agonists are the most effective bronchodilators available, and give rapid relief of asthma symptoms. Evidence suggests that the degree of beta2-agonist response varies greatly between patients and genetic factors have a major role in it. Despite several studies on the beta2-agonist pharmacogenetics, significant gaps in knowledge still remain and need to be resolved before the pharmacotyping of beta2-agonist responsiveness comes to clinical practice. As we know, beta2-agonists show their influence by targeting beta2-adrenergic receptors, leading to the activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors and its downstream cascade. Signaling through beta2-adrenergic receptors mediates numerous airway functions by regulating broncho-constriction and dilation pathways. Therefore, it is an important prerequisite to understand these pathways, which will assist in defining the variability in therapeutic responses for beta2-agonists. Owing to the complexity of the action of a beta2-agonist and its therapeutic response, a broader genomics approach will help in optimizing therapy for the individual patient. This might be achieved by considering and focusing on receptor/s at which the drug binds directly, signal transduction cascades or downstream proteins and proteins involved in the relaxation and constriction of the airway smooth muscle. Considering that a drug response may involve a large number of proteins, it seems unlikely that a single polymorphism or haplotype in a single gene would explain a high degree of drug response variability in a consistent fashion. Thus, it shows that a polygenic approach will be more appropriate. In order to follow this, the mode of action of the beta2-agonist and its downstream signaling cascade should essentially be assessed to resolve the beta2-agonist enigma.
Metrics for Measuring the Quality of Modularization of Large-Scale Object-Oriented Software (2008)

The metrics formulated to date for characterizing the modularization quality of object-oriented software have considered module and class to be synonymous concepts. But a typical class in object oriented programming exists at too low a level of granularity in large object-oriented software consisting of millions of lines of code. A typical module (sometimes referred to as a superpackage) in a large object-oriented software system will typically consist of a large number of classes. Even when the access discipline encoded in each class makes for "clean" class-level partitioning of the code, the intermodule dependencies created by associational, inheritance-based, and method invocations may still make it difficult to maintain and extend the software. The goal of this paper is to provide a set of metrics that characterize large object-oriented software systems with regard to such dependencies. Our metrics characterize the quality of modularization with respect to the APIs of the modules, on the one hand, and, on the other, with respect to such object-oriented inter-module dependencies as caused by inheritance, associational relationships, state access violations, fragile base-class design, etc. Using a two-pronged approach, we validate the metrics by applying them to popular open-source software systems.
Hla-Dm Recognizes the Flexible Conformation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (2000)

DM facilitates formation of high affinity complexes of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) by release of class II MHC-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP). This has been proposed to occur through discrimination of complex stability. By probing kinetic and conformational intermediates of the wild-type and mutant human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR1-peptide complexes, and examining their reactivities with DM, we propose that DM interacts with the flexible hydrophobic pocket 1 of DR1 and converts the molecule into a conformation that is highly peptide receptive. A more rigid conformation, generated upon filling of pocket 1, is less susceptible to DM effects. Thus, DM edits peptide-MHC by recognition of the flexibility rather than stability of the complex.
Monoclonal antibody to Mullerian inhibiting substance. (1982)

Abstract Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) is a testicular product that causes the regression of the Mullerian duct in the developing male embryo. Antibody specific for MIS would facilitate the purification and study of this "hormone," but because of its impure status, traditional polyclonal antisera specific for MIS would be untenable. The requisite specificity, however, might be obtained by the technique of somatic fusion, regardless of the purity of the immunizing antigen. This paper describes the production of 2 monoclonal antibodies specific for MIS by the technique of somatic cell fusion. Spleen cells from mice immunized with an impure preparation of MIS were fused with myeloma cell line NS1. Culture media from the resulting hybridoma cell lines were screened for anti-MIS antibody by a sensitive RIA. Specificity for MIS was demonstrated by the adsorption of biologically active MIS on an affinity column prepared from monoclonal anti-MIS antibody. MIS activity as assessed by an organ culture assay was subsequently recovered from the affinity column in the fraction eluted with MH4SCN. Using the RIA, monoclonal anti-MIS antibody was also shown to compete favorably with a variety of potentially cross-reactive proteins.
Analysis of InGaN-delta-InN quantum wells for light-emitting diodes (2010)

The design of InGaN-delta-InN quantum wells (QWs) leads to significant redshift for nitride active region with large electron-hole wave function overlap (Γe_hh) and spontaneous emission rate. The analysis was carried out by using self-consistent six-band k⋅p band formalism. The design of active region consisting of 30 Å In0.25Ga0.75N QW with InN delta-layer leads to large Γe_hh of &gt;50% with emission wavelength in the yellow and red spectral regimes, which is applicable for nitride-based light-emitting diodes.
Fabrication of graphene-like carbon films on 6H-SiC substrates via chlorination-annealing at low temperature (2019)

Graphene-like carbon films have been fabricated by annealing carbide-derived carbons on 6H-SiC (0001¯) at lower temperature in Ar ambience. Those films show a moderate interaction with substrates and an ordered stacking along c-axis and exhibit the same Raman spectra as that of epitaxial graphene on SiC. This carbon film growth process developed here will provide a new approach to obtain graphene epitaxially grown on SiC substrate at lower cost compared with the traditional access.
Antisense oligonucleotides correct the familial dysautonomia splicing defect in IKBKAP transgenic mice (2018)

Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a point mutation in the IKBKAP gene that results in defective splicing of its pre-mRNA. The mutation weakens the 5' splice site of exon 20, causing this exon to be skipped, thereby introducing a premature termination codon. Though detailed FD pathogenesis mechanisms are not yet clear, correcting the splicing defect in the relevant tissue(s), thus restoring normal expression levels of the full-length IKAP protein, could be therapeutic. Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be effective targeted therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, such as nusinersen (Spinraza), an approved drug for spinal muscular atrophy. Using a two-step screen with ASOs targeting IKBKAP exon 20 or the adjoining intronic regions, we identified a lead ASO that fully restored exon 20 splicing in FD patient fibroblasts. We also characterized the corresponding cis-acting regulatory sequences that control exon 20 splicing. When administered into a transgenic FD mouse model, the lead ASO promoted expression of full-length human IKBKAP mRNA and IKAP protein levels in several tissues tested, including the central nervous system. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of IKBKAP exon 20 recognition, and pre-clinical proof of concept for an ASO-based targeted therapy for FD.
SOI-optimized 64-bit high-speed CMOS adder design (2003)

Presents a high-speed 64-bit hybrid carry-lookahead/carry-select adder in 0.1 /spl mu/m partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PD/SOI) technology with a critical path delay of 346 ps. Sense-amplifier based differential logic with source follower evaluation tree is used for fast generation of 8-bit group carry. Floating body PD/SOI shows 24% performance improvement over bulk CMOS for the 8-bit group carry generating circuit. We also show that the proposed circuit is robust to noise induced by floating body effect in PD/SOI.
Immune response to and histopathology of Campylobacter jejuni infection in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). (2009)

Campylobacter jejuni is 1 of the most common enteric bacterial pathogens worldwide. The mechanisms of pathogenesis remain obscure, in part because of limitations of small animal models. Young ferrets develop diarrhea when fed C. jejuni, but their pathology and the immune response after infection have not been examined in detail. In the present study, we examined the pathogenesis of C. jejuni CG8421 and associated immune responses in ferrets. After oral infection with C. jejuni CG8421, 86.7% of the animals developed diarrhea and inflammatory responses that were similar to those seen in human infection. Pronounced histopathologic changes in the colonic mucosa of infected animals were observed during the acute phase (days 1 through 3) of infection. Electron micrographs of colonic epithelium revealed disruption of the villi and internalized bacteria that were not within membrane vacuoles. During the acute phase, C. jejuni was isolated from the livers of 7 of 9 (78%) animals, and bacteria were visualized immunohistochemically in the livers from 5 of the 7 animals (71%) from which C. jejuni was isolated. A vigorous systemic and mucosal immune response to Campylobacter antigens was elicited after infection of ferrets. The data presented contribute to the current knowledge of the pathogenicity of and immunologic response to C. jejuni CG8421 in ferrets and better understanding of this model.
Information Retrieval Using UMLS-based Structured Queries. (2001)

During the last three years, we have developed and described components of ELBook, a semantically based information-retrieval system [1-4]. Using these components, domain experts can specify a query model, indexers can use the query model to index documents, and end-users can search these documents for instances of indexed queries.
Vortex-aided inertial microfluidic device for continuous particle separation with high size-selectivity, efficiency, and purity (2013)

In this paper, we report an inertial microfluidic device with simple geometry for continuous extraction of large particles with high size-selectivity (<2 μm), high efficiency (∼90%), and high purity (>90%). The design takes advantage of a high-aspect-ratio microchannel to inertially equilibrate cells and symmetric chambers for microvortex-aided cell extraction. A side outlet in each chamber continuously siphons larger particles, while the smaller particles or cells exit through the main outlet. The design has several advantages, including simple design, small footprint, ease of paralleling and cascading, one-step operation, and continuous separation with ultra-selectivity, high efficiency and purity. The described approach is applied to manipulating cells and particles for ultra-selective separation, quickly and effectively extracting larger sizes from the main flow, with broad applications in cell separations.
Self-Calibration of Multiple Laser Planes for 3D Scene Reconstruction (2006)

Self-calibration is one of the most active issues concerning vision-based 3D measurements. However, in the case of the light sectioning method, there has been little research conducted on self-calibration techniques. In this paper, we study the problem of self-calibration for an active vision system which uses line lasers and a single camera. The problem can be defined as the estimation of multiple laser planes from the curves of laser reflections observed from a sequence of images captured by a single camera. The constraints of the problem can be obtained from observed intersection points between the curves. In this condition, the problem is formulated as simultaneous polynomial equations, in which the number of equations is larger than the number of variables. Approximated solutions of the equations can be computed by using Grobner bases. By refining them using nonlinear optimization, the final result can be obtained. We developed an actual 3D measurement system using the proposed method, which consists of only a laser projector with two line lasers and a single camera. Users are just required to move the projector freely so that the projected lines sweep across the surface of the scene to get the 3D shape.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of Rhodococcus L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase. Sequence comparisons to amino-acid dehydrogenases. (1994)

L-Phenylalanine dehydrogenase catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent, reversible, oxidative deamination of L-phenylalanine to form ammonia, phenyl pyruvate, and NADH. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity from Rhodococcus sp. M4, and a partial amino acid sequence was obtained. A cosmid library of Rhodococcus sp. M4 genomic DNA was prepared and used to isolate a 2.5-kilobase PstI fragment that contained the pdh gene. The open reading frame of 1068 nucleotides encodes a polypeptide of 356 amino acids, portions of which match the amino acid sequence determined for the purified enzyme. Expression of the Rhodococcus pdh gene in Escherichia coli, which does not contain a phenylalanine dehydrogenase activity, yields a soluble enzyme exhibiting phenylalanine dehydrogenase activity. Both the enzyme purified from Rhodococcus and the enzyme expressed in E. coli are post-translationally modified by removal of the amino-terminal methionine. The overall amino acid sequence is homologous to previously reported sequences of leucine and phenylalanine dehydrogenases as well as several glutamate dehydrogenases. The amino-terminal portion of the enzyme contains residues involved in L-amino acid binding and catalysis, while the carboxyl-terminal portion contains the presumptive dinucleotide-binding domain. A detailed sequence comparison of Rhodococcus phenylalanine dehydrogenase with leucine, phenylalanine, and glutamate dehydrogenases suggests residues involved in general amino acid binding and others that provide for amino acid discrimination.
Leveraging phonetic context dependent invariant structure for continuous speech recognition (2014)

Speech acoustics intrinsically vary due to linguistic and non-linguistic factors. The invariant structure extracted from a given utterance is one of the long-span acoustic representations, where acoustic variation caused by non-linguistic factors can be removed reasonably. It expresses spectral contrasts between acoustic events in an utterance. In previous studies, the invariant structure was leveraged in continuous speech recognition for reranking the N-best candidates hypothesized by a traditional automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. Use of the invariant structure features for reranking showed good effects, however, the features were defined or labeled in a phonetic-context-independent way. In this paper, use of phonetic context to define invariant structure features is examined. The proposed method is tested in two tasks of continuous digits speech recognition and large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). The performances are improved relatively by 4.7% and 1.2%, respectively.
Cryogenic-container suspension strap (1979)

Fiberglass/epoxy supporting strap holds inner shell of cryogenic storage tank away from outer shell. Strap, made of two or more links, reduces heat leakage into cryogenic fluid more efficiently than conventional suspension systems.
GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors for integrated circuit applications (1982)

Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and ion implantation were used to fabricate GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with buried wide bandgap emitters. Inverted-mode current gains of ∼ 100 were obtained, demonstrating the feasibility of this technology for I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L types of digital integrated circuits.