gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Formation and Performance of Auxetic Textiles (2007)

Auxetic textiles belong to a class of extraordinary materials that become fatter when stretched and are increasingly attaining some prominence in many applications of technical textiles [1]. The envisaged production route will be to first synthesize the auxetic polymers, then to produce the yarn [2,3] and the composites from these polymers [4, 5]. Sustained efforts to fabricate auxetic fabric structures are limited. Several geometrical configurations have been proposed [5] but none has been engineered into functional auxetic textile structures. In this project, we are combining our knowledge of geometry and fabric structural characteristics to engineer auxetic textiles and determine the properties of such auxetic structures. In spite of its exceptional formability, a knit structure is characterized by allegedly poor in-plane mechanical performance compared to more conventional woven composites and materials [6]. The knitting process is an extremely versatile manufacturing process and an enormous range of knit structures exists. This does not simplify the selection of an appropriate knit structure. For example, in composite materials, the selection of a knit structure is based on three technical criteria. First, the deformability of the knit fabric is important because it determines the shapes that can be formed with it. The second selection criterion for knit fabrics consists of the resulting mechanical (and other) properties of the knit fabric composite. The third criterion for selection of a knit structure is the hand.[7]. We have shown that textiles with net structures are the more preferred materials and geometry for composites [8].http://www.ntcresearch.org/pdf-rpts/AnRp06/F06-MD09A6.pdf Indeed, warp knitting technology provides the most suitable knowhow for net structures and offers major advantages in its versatility and high production speed. However, the set-up costs are considerable because the knitting machine has to be equipped with one or two needle beds and many guide bars. Nevertheless, a huge variety of knit structures can be produced and no other technology can match warp knitting technology in the production of net structures. Thus, with the right stitch construction and proper material selection, it is possible to knit square, rectangular, rhomboidal, hexagonal or almost round shape [9].
Enhancement of alaryngeal speech by adaptive filtering (2002)

Artificial larynxes enable adequate communication for people who are unable to use their larynxes. However, the resulting speech has an unnatural quality and is significantly less intelligible than normal speech. One of the major problems with the widely-used transcutaneous artificial larynx (TAL) is the presence of a steady background noise due to the leakage of acoustic energy. In this study, a novel adaptive filtering architecture was designed and implemented for the purpose of removing the background noise. Perceptual tests were conducted to assess speech from two laryngectomees and two normal speakers using the Servox TAL, before and after processing by the adaptive filter. Results from the perceptual tests indicate a clear preference for the processed speech, and spectral analysis reveals a significant reduction in the background source radiation.
Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Concrete (2009)

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Anytime, anywhere (2000)

The Ambient Calculus is a process calculus where processes may reside within a hierarchy of locations and modify it. The purpose of the calculus is to study mobility, which is seen as the change of spatial configurations over time. In order to describe properties of mobile computations we devise a modal logic that can talk about space as well as time, and that has the Ambient Calculus as a model.
Electron Field Emission from Self-Organized Micro-Emitters of sp<sup>3</sup>-Bonded 5H Boron Nitride with Very High Current Density at Low Electric Field (2004)

Electron field emission with high current density ∼0.9 A/cm2 at a low electric field of 8.6 V/μm was achieved by self-organized cone-shaped emitters with dimensions on the order of ∼10 μm made of sp3-bonded 5H boron nitride, which was grown by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition with the assistance of 193 nm laser irradiation of the surface. The work function of this material proved to be ∼5 eV, whereas the geometrical field enhancement factor amounts to ∼106 cm-1. The known robustness of sp3-bonded BN with its excellent electron emission characteristics and the self-organization of emitter shaped structures may provide new applications for electron emitting devices.
Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist (2016)

We developed a compound library for orally available gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists that were based on a uracil scaffold. On the basis of in vitro activity and CYP inhibition profile, we selected 18a (SKI2496) for further in vivo studies. Compound 18a exhibited more selective antagonistic activity toward the human GnRH receptors over the GnRHRs in monkeys and rats, and this compound also showed inhibitory effects on GnRH-mediated signaling pathways. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of 18a revealed improved bioavailability and superior gonadotropic suppression activity compared with Elagolix, the most clinically advanced compound. Considering that 18a exhibited highly potent and selective antagonistic activity toward the hGnRHRs along with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, we believe that 18a may represent a promising candidate for an orally available hormonal therapy.
Advanced control techniques for switched reluctance machine drives in emerging applications (2013)

This paper presents advancements in the control techniques of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) for traction and automotive applications. The high performance of the SRM drive system is embodied in the smooth torque output and high efficiency control methods in the motoring and generating modes of operation. Wide speed operating ranges for both motoring and generating operations are considered. An SRM designed and built for an off-road traction application is used as an application example. Simulation results for the proposed techniques using an SRM system designed for off-road traction application are presented.
Printable ultrathin substrates formed on a concave–convex underlayer for highly flexible membrane-type electrode stickers (2012)

The ability to create printable ultrathin devices and transfer printing allows ‘stick and play’ electronics on unusual surfaces where direct device fabrication is not possible. This research describes a systematic method for using an additional handling substrate to mechanically support an ultrathin substrate and printing the final device on a target surface in a deterministic way. Introducing a sacrificial layer and a concave–convex structure with optimized depth, pitch, and shape at the interface between the two substrates provides both stability in device fabrication and high-yield transfer printing in a deterministic manner. To demonstrate the efficacy of this method, we successfully transferred various sizes and layouts of patterns onto various planar and curvilinear substrates. Finally, we demonstrate highly foldable and stretchable membrane-type electrodes that can be attached onto unusual surfaces, such as paper and elastic adhesive tape.
Novel applications of information retrieval techniques to peer-to-peer file-sharing systems (2006)

A leading application of peer-to-peer technology is file sharing. Because of its scale -- in the millions of users daily -- it is important that file-sharing systems have good search capabilities. A salient characteristic of these systems is that shared files are binary and described solely by small descriptors, in contrast to the self-describing nature of text document sharing systems. Experimental evidence indicates that it is possible to adopt and modify information retrieval techniques to these systems to improve their search accuracy.
TAU 2013 variation aware timing analysis contest (2013)

Timing analysis is a key component of any integrated circuit (IC) chip design-closure flow, and is employed at various stages of the flow including pre/post-route timing optimization and timing signoff. While accurate timing analysis is important, the run-time of the analysis is equally critical with growing chip design sizes and complexity (for example, increasing number of clocks domains, voltage islands, etc.). In addition, the increasing significance of variability in the chip manufacturing process as well as environmental variability necessitates use of variation aware techniques (e.g. statistical, multi-corner) for chip timing analysis which significantly impacts the analysis run-time.
<title>Nonholonomic camera-space manipulation using cameras mounted on a mobile base</title> (1998)

The body of work called `Camera Space Manipulation' is an effective and proven method of robotic control. Essentially, this technique identifies and refines the input-output relationship of the plant using estimation methods and drives the plant open-loop to its target state. 3D `success' of the desired motion, i.e., the end effector of the manipulator engages a target at a particular location with a particular orientation, is guaranteed when there is camera space success in two cameras which are adequately separated. Very accurate, sub-pixel positioning of a robotic end effector is possible using this method. To date, however, most efforts in this area have primarily considered holonomic systems. This work addresses the problem of nonholonomic camera space manipulation by considering the problem of a nonholonomic robot with two cameras and a holonomic manipulator on board the nonholonomic platform. While perhaps not as common in robotics, such a combination of holonomic and nonholonomic degrees of freedom are ubiquitous in industry: fork lifts and earth moving equipment are common examples of a nonholonomic system with an on-board holonomic actuator. The nonholonomic nature of the system makes the automation problem more difficult due to a variety of reasons; in particular, the target location is not fixed in the image planes, as it is for holonomic systems (since the cameras are attached to a moving platform), and there is a fundamental `path dependent' nature of nonholonomic kinematics. This work focuses on the sensor space or camera-space-based control laws necessary for effectively implementing an autonomous system of this type.
A Strain of the Fungus <I>Metarhizium anisopliae</I> for Controlling Subterranean Termites (2005)

Alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected after swarming in 2002 died within 48 h, and the cadavers were visibly infected with a fungus. Fungi were picked from the cadavers, transferred to media, and ultimately isolated to purity. The individual fungal cultures were then used to infect Formosan subterranean termite workers. A single fungal isolate, C4-B, taxonomically identified as Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff), was found to cause rapid mortality of Formosan subterranean termite alates. This is the first report of a biological control agent for termite alates. In initial experiments, C4-B was more lethal to both alates and workers compared with M. anisopliae strain ESC 1, previously marketed as the termite biocontrol agent BioBlast. Dose-response assays in which Formosan subterranean termite alates were exposed to a known concentration of C4-B spores revealed that 10(6) spores/microl killed 100% of the alates in 3 d, both 10(5) and 10(4) spores/microl in 6 d, 10(3) spores/microl in 9 d, and 10(0) spores/microl in 12 d. Assays with workers demonstrated that 10(6) and 10(5) spores/microl killed 100% of the workers in 6 d. In an experiment to test the transfer of inoculum from infected workers to uninfected nestmates, 62.8% of the workers died in 21 d when only 20% of the workers had been inoculated. Mortality of alates caused by C4-B was tested at two field sites by dispersing fungal spores on grassy lawns and collecting alates from the treated areas. Alates thus infected showed 100% mortality by day 5, whereas only 64.8% of untreated control alates from the same collection area were dead on that day.
Joint Probabilistic Data Association-Feedback Particle Filter for Multiple Target Tracking Applications (2013)

This paper introduces a novel feedback-control based particle filter for the solution of the filtering problem with data association uncertainty. The particle filter is referred to as the joint probabilistic data association-feedback particle filter (JPDA-FPF). The JPDA-FPF is based on the feedback particle filter introduced in our earlier papers. The remarkable conclusion of our paper is that the JPDA-FPF algorithm retains the innovation error-based feedback structure of the feedback particle filter, even with data association uncertainty in the general nonlinear case. The theoretical results are illustrated with the aid of two numerical example problems drawn from multiple target tracking applications.
Intensity correlations and entanglement by frequency doubling in a two-port resonator (2006)

We show that nonclassical intensity correlations and quadrature entanglement can be generated by frequency doubling in a resonator with two output ports. We predict twin-beam intensity correlations $6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}$ below the coherent-state limit, and that the product of the inference variances of the quadrature fluctuations gives an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation coefficient of ${V}_{\mathrm{EPR}}=0.64<1$, using the criterion of Reid [Phys. Rev. A 40, 913 (1989)]. Comparison with an entanglement source based on combining two frequency doublers with a beam splitter shows that the dual-ported resonator provides stronger entanglement at lower levels of individual beam squeezing. Calculations are performed using a self-consistent propagation method that does not invoke a mean-field approximation. Results are given for physically realistic parameters that account for the Gaussian shape of the intracavity beams, as well as intracavity losses.
Localized Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on CMOS Substrate at Room Temperature Using Maskless Post-CMOS Processing (2009)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been successfully synthesized on foundry CMOS substrate using maskless post-CMOS surface micromachining and localized heating techniques. The integrated heater is directly made of gate polysilicon and suspended over a micromachined cavity for thermal isolation. The synthesized CNTs are connected to CMOS interconnect metal layers without the need of any metal deposition. It is experimentally verified that the electrical properties of the neighboring CMOS transistors are unchanged after CNT growth.
Current-mode clock distribution (2014)

We propose a new paradigm for clock distribution that uses current, rather than voltage, to distribute a global clock signal with reduced power consumption. While current-mode (CM) signaling has been used in one-to-one signals, this is the first usage in a one-to-many clock distribution network. To accomplish this, we create a new high-performance current-mode pulsed flip-flop (CMPFF) using a representative 45 nm CMOS technology. When the CMPFF is combined with a CM transmitter, the first CM clock distribution network exhibits 45.2% lower average power compared to traditional voltage mode clocks.
Laser welding of polymers using unsymmetrical squaraine dyes Part A Polymer chemistry (2018)

Transmission laser welding of plastic is typically achieved by incorporating a laser absorbing dye into one of the two pieces of plastic one wishes to weld together and mediating the welding process using a laser emitting light at a suitable wavelength. Desirable properties of laser absorbing dyes include: (1) the dye is colorless in the visible region but absorbs strongly in the region at the wavelength where the laser emits, (2) the dye has a good conversion of the energy from the laser to heat, (3) the dye is stable enough to be incorporated into the molten plastic, (4) the dye is soluble in the plastic of choice to give an even distribution in the plastic, and (5) the dye is nontoxic. Here, we explore an alternative approach to achieve laser welding of colorless plastics using a laser dye that is colored, but that can be bleached after the welding process. Nonsymmetrical squaraine dyes were prepared by condensation of squaric acid and two equivalents of various 3,5‐dimethoxy‐N,N‐dialkylanilines. After the incorporation into polyethylene and laser welding, the plastic was bleached either by heat treatment or by irradiation with a high pressure Xe‐lamp giving colorless polyethylene. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2245–2254
Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers for Mid-IR Applications (2014)

We review our fabrication of low loss (50dB/km at 3.3µm) and low bend sensitivity HC-PBGFs for mid-IR operation. Gas sensing applications are highlighted by a high resolution methane spectrum recorded in 1.26m of gas-filled fiber.
Assessing fetal lung maturation by the foam stability index test. (1978)

An assay has been developed and evaluated that quantifies the surface tension lowering ability of amniotic fluid surfactant. The formation of stable foam following vigorous shaking of amniotic fluid was evaluated by the addition of various amounts of dipalmitoyl lecithin in a solution of ethanol and saline and by fine adjustments of the ethanol volume fraction in the final assay mixture. The foam stability index (FSI) for a particular sample of amniotic fluid was defined as the highest ethanol volume fraction that would permit the formation of stable foam after vigorously shaking a mixture of ethanol and amniotic fluid. The assay is referred to as the FSI test. We report the FSI values in amniotic fluid specimens from 59 patients obtained within 72 hours of delivery. The L/S ratio was measured in 50 of the same 59 specimens. We observed 6 cases of neonatal hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and 2 cases of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB) in this study. No cases of HMD or TTNB occurred with FSI values of greater than 0.47, while 2 cases of HMD were recorded in association with L/S ratios of 2.5 and 2.8, respectively. The potential clinical value of the FSI test is discussed.
Use of a <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library for Genome Mapping, Sequencing, and Comparative Genomics (1998)

The bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning system is capable of stably propagating large, complex DNA inserts in Escherichia coli. As part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome sequencing project, a BAC library was constructed in the pBeloBAC11 vector and used for genome mapping, confirmation of sequence assembly, and sequencing. The library contains about 5,000 BAC clones, with inserts ranging in size from 25 to 104 kb, representing theoretically a 70-fold coverage of the M. tuberculosis genome (4.4 Mb). A total of 840 sequences from the T7 and SP6 termini of 420 BACs were determined and compared to those of a partial genomic database. These sequences showed excellent correlation between the estimated sizes and positions of the BAC clones and the sizes and positions of previously sequenced cosmids and the resulting contigs. Many BAC clones represent linking clones between sequenced cosmids, allowing full coverage of the H37Rv chromosome, and they are now being shotgun sequenced in the framework of the H37Rv sequencing project. Also, no chimeric, deleted, or rearranged BAC clones were detected, which was of major importance for the correct mapping and assembly of the H37Rv sequence. The minimal overlapping set contains 68 unique BAC clones and spans the whole H37Rv chromosome with the exception of a single gap of approximately 150 kb. As a postgenomic application, the canonical BAC set was used in a comparative study to reveal chromosomal polymorphisms between M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. bovis BCG Pasteur, and a novel 12.7-kb segment present in M. tuberculosis but absent from M. bovis and M. bovis BCG was characterized. This region contains a set of genes whose products show low similarity to proteins involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. The H37Rv BAC library therefore provides us with a powerful tool both for the generation and confirmation of sequence data as well as for comparative genomics and other postgenomic applications. It represents a major resource for present and future M. tuberculosis research projects.
Determination of estradiol and progesterone content in capsules and creams from compounding pharmacies (2019)

The variations in estradiol and progesterone levels observed in compounded hormone therapy formulations justify concerns regarding risks as a result of variability, which have been outlined by The North American Menopause Society, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in their statements regarding compounded hormone use. These data support the need for an US FDA-approved bioidentical hormone therapy. : Video Summary: Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MENO/A425.
Evolution of an acylase active on cephalosporin C (2005)

Semisynthetic cephalosporins are synthesized from 7-amino cephalosporanic acid, which is produced by chemical deacylation or by a two-step enzymatic process of the natural antibiotic cephalosporin C. The known acylases take glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid as a primary substrate, and their specificity and activity are too low for cephalosporin C. Starting from a known glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid acylase as the protein scaffold, an acylase gene optimized for expression in Escherichia coli and for molecular biology manipulations was designed. Subsequently we used error-prone PCR mutagenesis, a molecular modeling approach combined with site-saturation mutagenesis, and site-directed mutagenesis to produce enzymes with a cephalosporin C/glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid catalytic efficiency that was increased up to 100-fold, and with a significant and higher maximal activity on cephalosporin C as compared to glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid (e.g., 3.8 vs. 2.7 U/mg protein, respectively, for the A215Y-H296S-H309S mutant). Our data in a bioreactor indicate an ~90% conversion of cephalosporin C to 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid in a single deacylation step. The evolved acylase variants we produced are enzymes with a new substrate specificity, not found in nature, and represent a hallmark for industrial production of 7-amino cephalosporanic acid.
Performance comparison of time delay estimation for whole and dispersed spectrum utilization in cognitive radio systems (2009)

In cognitive radio systems, information is transmitted and received over multiple dispersed bands using dispersed spectrum utilization approach whereas information is transmitted and received over a single band using whole spectrum utilization approach. In this paper, performance of both approaches are compared theoretically considering CRLB and maximum likelihood (ML) method for time delay estimation. The results show that dispersed spectrum utilization methods have a great potential to exploit the efficiency of spectrum utilization and support goal driven and autonomous cognitive radio systems.
Response to Comments on "The Consensus Coding Sequences of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers" (2007)

Forrest and Cavet, Getz et al ., and Rubin and Green describe a variety of statistical methods to analyze the mutational data published in Sjöblom et al . However, their conclusions are inaccurate because they are based on analyses that do not fully take into account the experimental design and other critical features of our study. When these factors are incorporated, their methods provide estimates similar to those we reported and support the conclusion that a large number of genes are mutated at rates greater than the passenger mutation rate.