gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) Protein Lacking Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) and Major RNA Binding Motifs Triggers Proteinopathy and Severe Motor Phenotype in Transgenic Mice (2013)

Dysfunction of two structurally and functionally related proteins, FUS and TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), implicated in crucial steps of cellular RNA metabolism can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and certain other neurodegenerative diseases. The proteins are intrinsically aggregate-prone and form non-amyloid inclusions in the affected nervous tissues, but the role of these proteinaceous aggregates in disease onset and progression is still uncertain. To address this question, we designed a variant of FUS, FUS 1-359, which is predominantly cytoplasmic, highly aggregate-prone, and lacks a region responsible for RNA recognition and binding. Expression of FUS 1-359 in neurons of transgenic mice, at a level lower than that of endogenous FUS, triggers FUSopathy associated with severe damage of motor neurons and their axons, neuroinflammatory reaction, and eventual loss of selective motor neuron populations. These pathological changes cause abrupt development of a severe motor phenotype at the age of 2.5-4.5 months and death of affected animals within several days of onset. The pattern of pathology in transgenic FUS 1-359 mice recapitulates several key features of human ALS with the dynamics of the disease progression compressed in line with shorter mouse lifespan. Our data indicate that neuronal FUS aggregation is sufficient to cause ALS-like phenotype in transgenic mice.
Stereotactic Intracranial Implantation and <em>In vivo </em>Bioluminescent Imaging of Tumor Xenografts in a Mouse Model System of Glioblastoma Multiforme (2012)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade primary brain cancer with a median survival of only 14.6 months in humans despite standard tri-modality treatment consisting of surgical resection, post-operative radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. New therapeutic approaches are clearly needed to improve patient survival and quality of life. The development of more effective treatment strategies would be aided by animal models of GBM that recapitulate human disease yet allow serial imaging to monitor tumor growth and treatment response. In this paper, we describe our technique for the precise stereotactic implantation of bio-imageable GBM cancer cells into the brains of nude mice resulting in tumor xenografts that recapitulate key clinical features of GBM. This method yields tumors that are reproducible and are located in precise anatomic locations while allowing in vivo bioluminescent imaging to serially monitor intracranial xenograft growth and response to treatments. This method is also well-tolerated by the animals with low perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Analysis of Operation and System Losses of an Inductive Power Transfer System for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles (2014)

The promotion of resource-saving technologies by the public authority was being intensified during the last years in order to reduce energy consumption and CO2-emissions. If charged from renewable energy sources, electric vehicles can contribute significantly to these objectives. Additionally, they can be employed to store and balance the fluctuating energy production of renewable sources. Therefore, however, a high availability of electric vehicles in the grid has to be guaranteed. In order to achieve a widespread dissemination of electric vehicles, several barriers for the usage have to be dismantled. Available charging systems for electric vehicles use cables to connect the vehicle to the grid, although this involves certain disadvantages such as risk of vandalism, additional effort for the user and present safety issues due to the open contacts and hanging charging cables in public areas. Unplugged cables lead to uncharged batteries, which causes a minimization of mobility. A further reduction of the available range of electric vehicles is not acceptable. An alternative is wireless charging on the basis of resonant inductive energy transfer. This technology provides galvanic isolation, has no open contacts and hanging charging cables, which represent potential hazards in public places, and are susceptible to vandalism allowing an automatic, reliable and safe charging process. Therefore, automatic resonant inductive charging will improve the user acceptance of electric vehicles in general and will contribute to the integration of electric vehicles into the market and thus will support the full exploitation of benefits through electro-mobility. This thesis discusses a topology for charging electric vehicles, the basic principles of wireless resonant inductive energy transfer, different coil configurations, resonant converter topologies and presents experimental results of a 3.3kW inductive energy transfer system with bidirectional energy flow capability operating at 140kHz.
Ultrafast time resolution in scanned probe microscopies: Surface photovoltage on Si(111)–(7×7) (1991)

The speed limitations conventionally encountered in scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning capacitance microscopy, and atomic force microscopy result from the external electronics and are not inherent to the techniques themselves. Ultrafast time resolution can be achieved through the use of correlation methods. We demonstrate the application of time-resolved optical correlation techniques to scanned probe microscopy by probing the relaxation of photo-excited carriers at the Si(111)–(7×7) surface on the nanosecond and picosecond time scales using scanning tunneling and scanning capacitance microscopy measurements of the surface photovoltage. The observed temporal response demonstrates that the voltage arises from photovoltaic effects and does not arise from direct optical rectification in the tunnel junction gap.
Distal interlocking for short trochanteric nails: static, dynamic or no locking? Review of the literature and decision algorithm (2020)

Pertrochanteric hip fractures are among the most common and the use of short cephalomedullary nails as the treatment of choice is increasing.A systematic review regarding distal locking options for short cephalomedullary nails was undertaken using Medline/PubMed®, Embase® and Cochrane Library® in order to evaluate current indications, associated complications and to provide treatment recommendations.The results seem to support the use of distal static locking for unstable fractures, dynamic locking for length stable/rotational unstable fractures and no locking for stable fractures.Complications associated with distal locking include iatrogenic fractures, thigh pain, delayed union and nonunion, implant failure, screw loosening and breaking, drill bit breaking, soft tissue irritation, femoral artery branch injury, intramuscular haematoma and compartment syndrome. It is also associated with longer operative time and radiation exposure.In unlocked constructs, dorsomedial comminution and nail/medullary canal mismatch contribute to peri-implant fractures. Anterior cortical impingement is associated with cut-out and nonunion.Most studies comparing distally locked and unlocked nails report a short follow-up.Distal locking mode should be based on the fracture's stability. Cite this article: <i>EFORT Open Rev</i> 2020;5:421-429. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190045.
The role of cell-matrix interactions in atherosclerosis (1992)

Atherosclerosis is a complex disorder of the arterial wall characterized by prominent changes in the extracellular matrix and in smooth muscle cells (SMC), which are the predominant resident cells in the vessel wall. During atherogenesis SMC modulate their phenotype from the contractile state to the synthetic state. Biomedical Reviews 1992; 1: 7-12.
Beamforming Phased Array Antenna toward Indoor Positioning Applications (2020)

Indoor positioning systems based on radio wave have drawn a lot of research interest over the last few decades. One of the positioning methods, Angle of Arrival, locating object based on the relative angle of object to the reference points, requires a directional antenna in order to improve the accuracy of indoor positioning system. From this situation, an eight-port phased array antenna using reflection type phase shifter is designed. The input power is split to each antenna through eight-port Wilkinson power divider with insertion loss of about 11 dB and isolation of about 20 dB. To extract more accurate position, the main beam of phased array antenna can be steered smoothly by a design 18 of a continuous and full 360reflection type phase shifter with low insertion loss variation. Microstrip patch antennas are used as elements in phased array antenna. The steering of main beam is presented by radiation patterns of phased array antenna, measured in anechoic chamber from 45 to 45with step 5. The measurement result shows that the main beam direction is quite close to the desired direction in simulation. In most case, the side lobe level is less than the main lobe about 10 dB.
on line condition monitoring system for wind turbine (2008)

Renewable energy plays a vital role in power industry to fulfil the growing demand of power in industrial sector and other utilities. Especially the wind power industry enormously expanded during the last few years. The fast expansion of the wind power market has also come with some problems that have been reported. The objective is to increase the reliability of wind turbine in order to prevent any break down, power outages and to increase the avaibility of the wind turbine generator. The unforeseen failure of a component in a wind turbine or generator can have significant impact on the wind turbine economy; the right approach is to employ condition monitoring technique at every critical location of a wind turbine. The condition monitoring is a suitable method to prevent unplanned outages as a proactive maintenance strategy. Maintenance becomes vital for the preventation of unforeseen stoppages and complete break down of the machine in industrial facilities, their timely diagnosis and corrective measures can not be overseated. The prevention of catastrophic failures through early detection of incipient faults in the machine, increased the operational life with less failures and complete breakdown. The study report focuses on the benefits for using a condition monitoring system for early fault detection. Various conventional and latest techniques of condition monitoring including signal processing methods for vibration analysis have been discussed. A basic frame work for the future work of condition monitoring system in wind turbine is also included. As a result of the study, the infrared thermography is proposed as an online condition monitoring for wind system, a thermographical approach has been proposed as a part of this thesis work. The infrared thermography technique is proposed as an integrated condition monitoring system to be used with the existing monitoring system as a retrofit design to increase the performance of early fault detection system. Keywords: condition based maintenance, condition monitoring, maintenance system, vibration based maintenance, vibration monitoring, wind turbine condition monitoring.
Security strategy for US Air Force to use commercial data link (2002)

The ACARS data link security strategy presented in this paper is based on internationally accepted cryptographic standards. The proposed algorithms were approved by NSA for US government use. The use of standards and the PKI infrastructure will reduce the implementation cost due to the availability of COTS software and components. The proposed strategy will satisfy the authentication, cryptographic data integrity, and encryption needs of the USAF. It will permit the USAF to use a commercially available technology now for most of its command and control applications for air transport, thereby conserving scarce military communication resources for tactical applications.
Human Resource Management in Virtual Organizations (2000)

Sections covered in this book include: defining virtual organizations and implications for human resource management; outsourcing human resources; job analysis and competency assessment; training and development; performance management; compensation; and negotiations.
Modeling and simulation of field-effect biosensors (BioFETs) and their deployment on the nanoHUB (2008)

BioFETs (biologically active field-effect transistors) are biosensors with a semiconductor transducer. Due to recent experiments demonstrating detection by a field effect, they have gained attention as potentially fast, reliable, and low-cost biosensors for a wide range of applications. Their advantages compared to other technologies are direct, label-free, ultrasensitive, and (near) real-time operation. We have developed 2D and 3D multi-scale models for planar sensor structures and for nanowire sensors. The multi-scale models are indispensable due to the large difference in the characteristic length scales of the biosensors: the charge distribution in the biofunctionalized surface layer varies on the Angstrom length scale, the diameters of the nanowires are several nanometers, and the sensor lengths measure several micrometers. The multi-scale models for the electrostatic potential can be coupled to any charge transport model of the transducer. Conductance simulations of nanowire sensors with different diameters provide numerical evidence for the importance of the dipole moment of the biofunctionalized surface layer in addition to its surface charge. We have also developed a web interface to our simulators, so that other researchers can access them at the nanohub and perform their own investigations.
A direct voxel tracking method for four‐dimensional Monte Carlo dose calculations in deforming anatomy (2006)

In this work we present a method of calculating dose in deforming anatomy where the position and shape of each dose voxel is tracked as the anatomy changes. The EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc Monte Carlo code was modified to calculate dose in voxels that are deformed according to deformation vectors obtained from a nonlinear image registration algorithm. The defDOSXYZ code was validated by consistency checks and by comparing calculations against DOSXYZnrc calculations. Calculations in deforming phantoms were compared with a dose remapping method employing trilinear interpolation. Dose calculations with the deforming voxels agree with DOSXYZnrc calculations within 1%. In simple deforming rectangular phantoms the trilinear dose remapping method was found to underestimate the dose by up to 29% for a 1.0 cm voxel size within the field, with larger discrepancies in regions of steep dose gradients. The agreement between the two calculation methods improved with smaller voxel size and deformation magnitude. A comparison of dose remapping from Inhale to Exhale in an anatomical breathing phantom demonstrated that dose deformations are underestimated by up to 16% in the penumbra and 8% near the surface with trilinear interpolation.
The World Cup as World History (2021)

In the summer of 2018 a combined 3.572 billion viewers watched international football’s ultimate competition, the World Cup. Historian William D. Bowman has written a book about the World Cup for s...
Up‐regulation of the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens by plasmid DNA transfection in non‐hematopoietic cells (1998)

The effect of DNA on the surface expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I antigens was examined in non-hematopoietic tumor cell lines. Transfection with plasmid DNA via liposome or electroporation significantly increased the surface expression of MHC class I molecules in a transient manner. Northern blot analysis showed that levels of MHC class I mRNA were increased by DNA transfection, probably via transcriptional activation. In contrast, the expression of the MHC class II and beta-actin genes was not affected, suggesting that the up-regulation of MHC class I expression by plasmid DNA works in a gene-specific manner.
Reconstruction of Ocular Surface With Heterologous Limbal Epithelium and Amniotic Membrane in a Rabbit Model (2001)

Simultaneous transplantation of amniotic membrane and heterologous limbal epithelial cells in severe ocular surface disorders could restore ocular surface and may be useful in patients with severe bilateral limbal epithelial loss, giving new perspectives for the treatment of severe ocular surface disorders.
Preparation and Stability of N-Terminal Mono-PEGylated Recombinant Human Endostatin (2006)

Endostatin can specifically inhibit endothelial proliferation and potently inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth. N-Terminal site-specific mono-PEGylation of recombinant human endostatin (mPEG-rhES) was accomplished by using methoxy poly-ethylene glycol (mPEG) propionaldehyde with an average molecular weight of 5000 Da through a reactive terminal aldehyde group. The site-specific mPEG conjugation was conducted under optimal conditions, which were identified through a statistical L(9)(3(4)) orthogonal test. In this study, we have investigated the stability and antitumor activity of mPEG-rhES. SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, and UV spectrophotometric analysis were used to identify the purity and stability of mPEG-rhES. When incubated with protease or placed in an extreme environment, mPEG-rhES was more stable than rhES. The unmodified and PEGylated rhES were tested for their ability to inhibit the tumor growth of mouse H22 liver cancer in male mice. In a multiple versus single doses comparison study, daily administration of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 micromol/kg of unmodified rhES for 7 days resulted in 26.9%, 43.0%, and 64.9% reductions in tumor weight, respectively, while single doses of 0.13, 0.25, and 0.50 micromol/kg of the PEGylated protein per day resulted in 24.8%, 38.0%, and 64.5% reductions, respectively. Both treatments resulted in statistically significant reductions in mean tumor weight as compared to the physiological saline solution (control)-treated mice, with the dose of mPEG-rhES being a half of rhES, respectively, while the tumor inhibition rates were similar. Therefore, it is suggested that PEGylation enhances the stability of rhES and improves its antitumor activity.
Robust and Accurate Short-Term Load Forecasting: A Cluster Oriented Ensemble Learning Approach (2019)

One of the most critical tasks for operating a power system is load forecasting in order to keep balance between demand and supply and for planning infrastructure. Errors in load forecasting can result in significant cost increases for electricity suppliers and increase the chance of unexpected blackouts or brownouts. Improving the accuracy of short term load forecasting is a challenging open problem. This paper proposes a novel framework for short-term load forecasting using an effective new combination of c-Shape clustering, LSTM networks and Xgboost methods. In particular, our proposed approach introduces an ensemble process together with novel features that lead to improved accuracy of the load forecasting model. The performance of the proposed framework is validated with publicly available real-life data from Australian Energy Market Operator, as well as through on-site deployment, which has led to substantially higher accuracy over existing methods.
Dynamical study by Raman scattering of the ferroelectric phase transition of the disubstituted diacetylene 1,6-bis(2,4-dinitrophenoxy)-2,4-hexadiyne (DNP) (1994)

Abstract Dynamical study by Raman scattering of single monomer crystals of 1,6-bis-(2,4-dinitrophenoxy)-2,4-hexadiyne (DNP) has been performed in the low- and high-temperature phase ( T c ≈ 46 K). A soft mode characterized by a weak and constant damping is clearly observed in the low-temperature phase; this structural instability presents a displacive character. The critical exponent has been determined from the variation of other low-frequency modes which are coupled with the order parameter. Interesting additional information on the molecular conformation is given by the study of high-frequency modes. These results are in good agreement with dielectric and calorimetric measurements and they indicate either a tricritical or a weakly first order transition.
A hybrid approach to offloading mobile image classification (2014)

Current mobile devices are unable to execute complex vision applications in a timely and power efficient manner without offloading some of the computation. This paper examines the tradeoffs that arise from executing some of the workload onboard and some remotely. Feature extraction and matching play an essential role in image classification and have the potential to be executed locally. Along with advances in mobile hardware, understanding the computation requirements of these applications is essential to realize their full potential in mobile environments. We analyze the ability of a mobile platform to execute feature extraction and matching, and prediction workloads under various scenarios. The best configuration for optimal runtime (11% faster) executes feature extraction with a GPU onboard and offloads the rest of the pipeline. Alternatively, compressing and sending the image over the network achieves lowest data transferred (2.5× better) and lowest energy usage (3.7× better) than the next best option.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in dogs with chronic intestinal disease (1995)

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was diagnosed by quantitative bacterial culture of duodenal juice samples obtained endoscopically in 41 of 80 dogs that were admitted with chronic diarrhea, vomiting, or weight loss. Thirteen dogs had aerobic bacterial overgrowth, most frequently comprising Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and enterococci, and 28 dogs had mixed anaerobic overgrowth, most frequently including Clostridium and Bacteroides spp. Affected dogs comprised 23 breeds, including 10 German Shepherd Dogs and median age at diagnosis was 2 years (range, 6 months to 11 years). High serum folate and low serum cobalamin concentrations had fair specificity (79 and 87%, respectively), but low sensitivity (51 and 24%, respectively) in detecting SIBO. Histologic examination of duodenal biopsy specimens did not reveal abnormalities (26/41 dogs), or revealed mild to moderate lymphocytic (12/41) or eosinophilic (2/41) infiltrates, or lymphosarcoma (1/41). Oral antibiotic treatment was effective in 77% (23/30 dogs), but prolonged treatment (> 4 weeks) was required to control signs and prevent recurrence in 50% (15/30). Corticosteroids were used alone in a dog with eosinophilic enteritis and in combination with antibiotics in 4 dogs with marked gastrointestinal lymphocytic/plasmacytic infiltrates. This study suggested that SIBO may be observed in dogs of many breeds, without an obvious primary cause, and that, although results of indirect tests may be suggestive of SIBO, bacterial culture of duodenal juice samples remains necessary for definitive diagnosis.