gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Members of the acetohydroxyacid synthase multigene family of <i>Brassica napus</i> have divergent patterns of expression (1992)

Brassica species possess the most complex acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) multigene family reported for plants. The AHAS genes code for an essential enzyme in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. In the allotetraploid species, B. napus, four (AHAS1-4) of the five AHAS genes have been cloned and sequenced. The transcripts were examined by RNase protection assays using gene-specific, antisense RNA probes. Only AHAS1, AHAS2 and AHAS3 were shown to be expressed in B. napus and one of the diploid progenitor species B. campestris or B. oleracea. AHAS1 and AHAS3 are highly conserved genes that presumably code for the essential AHAS housekeeping functions. They were expressed as low abundance mRNA in all somatic and reproductive tissues examined. AHAS2, which is structurally distinct from all other plant AHAS genes, was only expressed in mature ovules and extraembryonic tissues of immature seeds. This study provides direct evidence for multiple AHAS isoforms in plants and for an AHAS gene which is developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific manner. The discovery raises questions concerning the functional significance of AHAS in seed development.
Free-form microlens for illumination applications (2009)

To abandon restrictions from the multiple and irregular radiation patterns of many existing LED products, the free-form microlens optics is designed based on Snell's law and the "edge-ray principle." This secondary optics can redistribute any LED radiation onto the target surfaces to achieve prescribed uniform illuminations without concern for the initial radiation patterns of LED sources. According to practical illumination requirements, the surface shape of the single free-form microlens can be calculated by using the ray tracing method and B-spline fitting. Some modules of free-form microlens optics were constructed to achieve rectangular illumination as well as other styles of illumination. The simulation results show that the illumination achieved has high uniformities and precise illuminating shapes as prescribed. The free-form microlens optics is very applicable in LED lighting, with cogent competitive advantages.
Androgens stimulate fatty acid synthase in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. (1997)

In addition to modulation of cell proliferation and stimulation of prostate-specific antigen secretion, one of the most striking effects of androgens on the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP is the accumulation of neutral lipids. These lipids are synthesized de novo, suggesting that LNCaP cells express all enzymes required for endogenous lipogenesis and that the expression and/or activity of some of these enzymes is affected by androgens. One of the key enzymes involved in lipogenesis is fatty acid synthase (FAS), a potential prognostic enzyme and therapeutic target that is found to be frequently overexpressed in a variety of cancers including prostate cancer. Here, using Northern blot analysis, the gene encoding FAS is shown to be abundantly expressed in LNCaP cells and in two other prostate cancer cell lines tested (PC-3 and DU-145). In LNCaP cells, androgen treatment (10(-8) M R1881) causes a 3-4-fold increase in FAS mRNA levels. Concomitantly with the increase in FAS gene expression, androgens induce a 10-12-fold stimulation of FAS activity. Effects are dose- and time-dependent and follow courses similar to those of the androgen induction of lipid accumulation. In support of the involvement of the androgen receptor, steroid specificity of regulation of FAS activity is in agreement with the aberrant ligand specificity of the mutated androgen receptor in LNCaP cells. Stimulation of FAS activity is inhibited by the antiandrogen Casodex (bicalutamide) and is absent in the androgen receptor-negative cell lines PC-3 and DU-145. Taken together, these data demonstrate that androgens, mediated by the androgen receptor, stimulate the expression and activity of FAS and suggest that stimulation of FAS activity represents at least part of the mechanism by which androgens induce the accumulation of neutral lipids in LNCaP cells.
Campylobacter jejuni Dps Protein Binds DNA in the Presence of Iron or Hydrogen Peroxide (2013)

Iron is an essential cofactor for many enzymes; however, this metal can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Ferritin proteins bind and oxidize Fe(2+) to Fe(3+), storing this metal in a nonreactive form. In some organisms, a particular subfamily of ferritins, namely, Dps proteins, have the ability to bind DNA. Here we show that the Campylobacter jejuni Dps has DNA binding activity that is uniquely activated by Fe(2+) or H2O2 at below neutral pH. The Dps-DNA binding activity correlated with the ability of Dps to self-aggregate. The Dps-DNA interaction was inhibited by NaCl and Mg(2+), suggesting the formation of ionic interactions between Dps and DNA. Alkylation of cysteines affected DNA binding in the presence of H2O2 but not in the presence of Fe(2+). Replacement of all cysteines in C. jejuni Dps with serines did not affect DNA binding, excluding the participation of cysteine in H2O2 sensing. Dps was able to protect DNA in vitro from enzymatic cleavage and damage by hydroxyl radicals. A C. jejuni dps mutant was less resistant to H2O2 in vivo. The concerted activation of Dps-DNA binding in response to low pH, H2O2, and Fe(2+) may protect C. jejuni DNA during host colonization.
Uses of wide-azimuth and variable-depth streamers for sub-basalt seismic imaging (2011)

To evaluate the optimal technique for imaging beneath a complex basalt layer, Robert Dowle, Fabrice Mandroux, Robert Soubaras and Gareth Williams compare dense wide-azimuth and broadband towed streamer acquisition solutions when deployed in an experimental survey in the Faroe-Shetland Basin.
Cloud Event Programming Paradigms: Applications and Analysis (2016)

Rapid expansion in cloud event technologies such as Amazon Web Service's Lambda, IBM Bluemix's OpenWhisk, Google Cloud Platform's Cloud Functions, and Microsoft Azure's Functions motivates study of software development in these services and their potential as a disruptive force in commercial cloud technologies. In addition to discussing the current state of cloud event services, this paper presents two real world applications utilizing these platforms: Lambdefy, a library designed to make traditional web application run effectively in AWS Lambda, and a performant media management service designed by Trek10, capable of resizing thousands of images per second. Furthermore, we discuss how cloud event technologies enable and/or limit these applications, motivate new software design paradigms in a cloud event environment, and highlight compelling use case scenarios and barriers to entry for cloud event services. AWS cloud technologies are exclusively used due to their maturity and the recent release of the other platforms, while Node.js and the Serverless Framework are utilized for deployment and application development.
High Performance CMOS Light Detector with Dark Current Suppression in Variable-Temperature Systems (2016)

This paper presents a dark current suppression technique for a light detector in a variable-temperature system. The light detector architecture comprises a photodiode for sensing the ambient light, a dark current diode for conducting dark current suppression, and a current subtractor that is embedded in the current amplifier with enhanced dark current cancellation. The measured dark current of the proposed light detector is lower than that of the epichlorohydrin photoresistor or cadmium sulphide photoresistor. This is advantageous in variable-temperature systems, especially for those with many infrared light-emitting diodes. Experimental results indicate that the maximum dark current of the proposed current amplifier is approximately 135 nA at 125 °C, a near zero dark current is achieved at temperatures lower than 50 °C, and dark current and temperature exhibit an exponential relation at temperatures higher than 50 °C. The dark current of the proposed light detector is lower than 9.23 nA and the linearity is approximately 1.15 μA/lux at an external resistance <i>R<sub>SS</sub></i> = 10 kΩ and environmental temperatures from 25 °C to 85 °C.
Nickel supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst in alkaline electrolyte (2016)

The development of a low-cost, high-performance platinum-group-metal-free hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell is hindered by the lack of a hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst at the anode. Here we report that a composite catalyst, nickel nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, has hydrogen oxidation activity similar to platinum-group metals in alkaline electrolyte. Although nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes are a very poor hydrogen oxidation catalyst, as a support, it increases the catalytic performance of nickel nanoparticles by a factor of 33 (mass activity) or 21 (exchange current density) relative to unsupported nickel nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the nitrogen-doped support stabilizes the nanoparticle against reconstruction, while nitrogen located at the edge of the nanoparticle tunes local adsorption sites by affecting the d-orbitals of nickel. Owing to its high activity and low cost, our catalyst shows significant potential for use in low-cost, high-performance fuel cells.
ATM transport and network integrity (1997)

(Chapter Headings): Broadband Network Infrastructure. SONET/SDH Transport and Network Integrity. ATM Transport Networks. ATM Signaling Networks. ATM Network Traffic Management. ATM Protection Switching. ATM Self-Healing Mesh Networks.
Applying Millimeter-Wave Correlation Radiometry to the Detection of Self-Luminous Objects at Close Range (2008)

The novel application of correlation radiometer theory to the detection of self-luminous objects at close range is presented in the context of human presence detection. Modifications and additions to techniques developed in radio astronomy and remote sensing for close-range terrestrial situations are developed and discussed. To demonstrate the new techniques, a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ka</i> -band correlation radiometer is presented, which detects the presence of a stationary human in an outdoor environment. The correlation radiometer fringe frequency is analyzed in the context of the scanning beam detection system and is estimated using MUSIC and ESPRIT. The visibility, sensitivity, spatial resolution, and dwell time of the system are analyzed. Finally, the correlation response is included in a statistical classifier in conjunction with responses from total power radiometers. Experimental results show improved detection capability over using the total power sensors alone.
Synthese und Umlagerung 1‐substituierter Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane (1981)

Abstract Ausgehend von 7‐Oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐1‐carbonylchlorid (3) wurde Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexan‐1‐carbonsäure (9) durch Hunsdiecker‐Abbau und Favorskii‐Umlagerung dargestellt. Die Umwandlung von 9 in 1‐Methoxybicyclo[2.2.0]hexan (15) über das Methylketon 12 und Acetat 13 wurde durch die leichte Homoketonisierung des nicht isolierbaren Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexan‐1‐ols (14) erschwert. Entsprechend hydrolysierte Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexan‐1‐amin leicht, während sich N,N ‐Dimethylbicyclo[2.2.0]hexan‐1‐amin (17) als beständiger erwies. Die Thermolyse von Bicyclo‐[2.2.0]hexan‐1‐carbonsäure‐methylester (10) zeigte eine „normale”︁ Beschleunigung (ΔE a ca.6 kcal/mol = 25 kJ/mol). Der Einfluß von 1‐Acetoxy‐, 1‐Methoxy‐ und 1‐Dimethylaminogruppen auf die Umlagerungsgeschwindigkeit war unerwartet gering.
Resistance switching and white-light photovoltaic effects in BiFeO3/Nb–SrTiO3 heterojunctions (2011)

BiFeO 3 / Nb – SrTiO 3 heterojunctions with room-temperature resistance switching (RS) and white-light photovoltaic (PV) effects were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. The current-voltage characteristics of these heterojunctions show a good rectifying property with a large rectifying ratio of 104. Nonvolatile bipolar RS effect was observed with an ON/OFF-state current ratio of about 102. The heterojunctions also exhibit a substantial white-light PV effect. Both the RS and PV behaviors can be modulated by additional pulsed voltages, which control the electric polarization of the heterojunctions. This letter is helpful for exploring the multifunctional heterojunctions and their applications in memory devices and solar cells.
A novel pharmacodynamic assay to evaluate the effects of crystallization inhibitors on calcium phosphate crystallization in human plasma (2017)

Cardiovascular calcification (CVC) is a progressive complication of chronic kidney disease and a predictor of CV events and mortality. The use of biomarkers to predict CV risk and activities of potential or current treatment drugs in these patients could have a crucial impact on therapeutic approaches. Our aim was to develop a novel assay for measurement of the rate of calcium phosphate crystallization in human plasma and provide a tool to evaluate the effects of crystallization inhibitors. The efficacy of inhibitors was determined by adding inhibitory compounds (polyphosphates, fetuin-A, sodium thiosulfate or citrate) to control samples. The assay was additionally validated for SNF472, an experimental formulation of phytate being developed for the treatment of calciphylaxis and CVC in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The method was repeatable and reproducible. The plasma crystallization rate was reduced up to 80% in a concentration-dependent manner following treatment with inhibitors in vitro, among which SNF472 was the most potent. This method appears beneficial in evaluating and discriminating between inhibitory activities of compounds such as polyphosphates on calcium phosphate crystallization, which present a novel therapeutic approach to treat CVC in ESRD patients.
Log-optimal portfolio models with risk control of VaR and CVaR using genetic algorithms (2009)

Value-at-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) have become two very popular measures of market risk during the last decade. Log-optimal portfolio problem with risk control of VaR and CVaR is put forward firstly. Then, we propose the portfolio models with VaR and CVaR and prove the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions of these two models. We provide a newly genetic algorithm based on real-code strings of assets' returns to overcome the problem of local optima. Finally, an empirical study is carried out to illustrate the optimal solutions of the log-optimal portfolio models with VaR and CVaR. The numeric results indicate that the optimal portfolio of the log-optimal portfolio model with CVaR gives a balance between the investment risk and the return simultaneously, and is more effective than the corresponding portfolios of the VaR model and the mean-variance model.
Alloy 718 Forging Development for Large Land-Based Gas Turbines (2005)

Alloy 718 forgings have been used extensively in gas turbines for aircraft engines for decades. However their application to land-based power generation gas turbines has been limited to the size of the forgings which can be produced by available forging equipment. GE's recently developed heavy duty gas turbines now require forgings which must be produced from 915 mm diameter ingots which exceed 15,000 kg. The initial hurdle was to melt these large ingots successfully without segregation defects. This was achieved and the results were discussed in a previous conference. This paper describes the unique challenges to converting these ingots into the largest Alloy 718 forgings ever produced. The development work associated with processing these ingots into a uniform fine grain microstructure with the required mechanical properties will be described. The importance of process modeling for developing a process to achieve the structure and property goals will also be discussed.
A Morpho-Molecular Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: <i>BRAF</i> V600E Detection as an Important Tool in Preoperative Evaluation of Fine-Needle Aspirates (2009)

The method of molecular analysis of thyroid FNA smears described here can be easily performed after the FNA, thereby avoiding inconvenience and additional time during the FNA and permitting later analysis of samples having indeterminate cytology features. The increased sensitivity of this preoperative morpho-molecular analysis should provide information that is useful in deciding the extent of thyroid surgery for thyroid nodules that are indeterminate or suspicious on cytology.
A novel risk assessment model for privacy security in Internet of Things (2014)

Aiming at the issues of privacy security in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, we propose an effective risk assessment model to handle probabilistic causality of evaluation factors and derive weights of influence-relation of propagation paths. The model undertakes probabilistic inference and generates values of risk probability for assets and propagation paths by using Bayesian causal relation-network and prior probability. According to Bayesian network (BN) structure, the risk analysts can easily find out relevant risk propagation paths and calculate weight values of each path by using decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). This model is applied to determine the risk level of assets and each risk propagation path as well as implement countermeasure of recommendation in accordance with evaluation results. The simulation analysis shows that this model efficiently revises recommendation of countermeasures for decision-makers and mitigates risk to an acceptable range, in addition, it provides the theoretical basis for decision-making of privacy security risk assessment (PSRA) for further development in IoT area.
Cytotoxic Activity of Some Anatolian<i>Salvia</i>. Extracts and Isolated Abietane Diterpenoids (2008)

Salvia hypargeia. Fisch. et Mey. (Lamiaceae) root extract, among 16 Salvia. extracts, showed the highest activity against the human ovarian cancer cell line. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of this plant extract has yielded four abietane-type diterpenes [5,6-didehydro-7-hydroxytaxodone (1), 14-deoxycoleon U (= 6-hydroxysalvinolone) (2), demethylcryptojaponol (3), and salvicanaric acid (4)] two triterpenes (lupeol and lupeol-3-acetate), and a fatty acid mixture consisting mainly of palmitic acid (51.6%) and palmitoleic acid (6.4%). Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be active against A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line with IC50 values of 3.9 and 1.2 μ g/mL, respectively, and the fatty acid composition was the most active part of the extract (IC50 = 0.6 μ g/mL).
Effect of complement proteins C5b-9 on blood platelets. Evidence for reversible depolarization of membrane potential. (1985)

The carbocyanine dye 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide has been used to investigate changes in membrane potential (Em) which occur upon binding of complement proteins C5b-9 to the plasma membrane of blood platelets. Gel-filtered platelets exposed to C5b6 and C7 in serum-free medium show no change in Em from that of controls, as indicated by either 3,3,'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide fluorescence or by the distribution of [14C]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide. Addition of complement proteins C8 and C9 to the C5b67 platelets results in partial depolarization of Em, which spontaneously repolarizes to basal levels within 15-20 min at 37 degrees C. Under these conditions, C5b-9-treated platelets show no increase in lysis over complement-free controls. Isotonic replacement of external sodium by either potassium or choline alters both the rate and extent of membrane depolarization and inhibits the platelets' capacity to repolarize after C5b-9 assembly. Repolarization of Em to basal levels is also completely blocked by addition of ouabain, confirming that this recovery is mediated by the plasma membrane Na+/K+ pump. These results demonstrate that membrane binding of the C5b-9 proteins can induce a transient change in Em when bound to the plasma membrane at a sublytic concentration, providing a mechanism for target cell activation by these potentially cytolytic proteins.
Aggressive web application honeypot for exposing attacker's identity (2014)

Attackers are most likely to exploit invalidated and unsanitized user input with several attacks such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQLinjection. Many methods were proposed to prevent those attacks. Some of them were created to learn about pattern and behavior of the attacker. That is honeypot. Honeypot is classified into two types based on the simulation that honeypot can do : low interaction and high interaction. In this paper, we propose a low-interaction honeypot for emulating vulnerabilities that can be exploited using XSS and SQL injection attacks. But this honeypot not only records attacker's request, but also try to expose attacker identity by using some browser exploitation techniques. Some attackers would use techniques to hide their identity, thus they couldn't be tracked. Our proposed honeypot was trying to overcome this problem by giving them malicious JavaScript codes. The malicious JavaScript codes will be run when an attacker open the honeypot's website. We have conducted several test to see how our honeypot's performance. Our honeypot could catch more useful information about the HTTP request than popular web-based honeypot, Glastopf. Moreover, there were attacker's social media accounts caught by using LikeJacking technique although they might have used proxy or TOR to hide their identity.
Black-blood dynamic contrast-enhanced carotid artery wall MRI with SRDIR preparation (2013)

Background Inflammation plays a major role in atherosclerotic plaque progression and disruption [1]. Dynamic gadolinium contrast-enhanced (DCE) vessel wall imaging has been used to compute a set of contrast kinetic parameters that may characterize the extent of inflammation of carotid plaques [2-4]. However, previous DCE techniques are limited to a 2D bright-blood acquisition and thus the accuracy of wall signal assessment could be compromised. This work aimed to develop a 3D black-blood DCE technique.