gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Refractory Metal Carbide Coatings on Carbon Fibers by a Reaction‐Bonding Process (1991)

Carbon fiber tows were impregnated by ethanolic solutions of refractory metal chlorides and fired at temperatures up to 2200°C to form metal carbide coatings incorporating carbon from the underlying substrate. Optimum firing sequences were determined for maximum metal carbide conversion. Fired tows were subsequently examined by X‐ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravometric analysis to characterize the coated material. Coatings produced were stable under flowing air at a temperature of 800°C. This process is illustrated for the production of niobium‐based coatings.
High-power lightweight external-cavity quantum cascade lasers (2009)

Commercially available quantum cascade gain media has been integrated with advanced coating and die attach technologies, mid-IR micro-optics and telecom-style assembly and packaging to yield cutting edge performance. When combined into Daylight's external-cavity quantum cascade laser (ECqcL) platform, multi-Watt output power has been obtained. Daylight will describe their most recent results obtained from this platform, including high cw power from compact hermetically sealed packages and narrow spectral linewidth devices. Fiber-coupling and direct amplitude modulation from such multi-Watt lasers will also be described. In addition, Daylight will present the most recent results from their compact, portable, battery-operated "thermal laser pointers" that are being used for illumination and aiming applications. When combined with thermal imaging technology, such devices provide significant benefits in contrast and identification.
Microwave Downconversion by a Tunable Optoelectronic Oscillator Based on PS-FBG and Polarization-Multiplexed Dual loop (2019)

A novel photonic method for microwave downconversion by using a tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on a phase-shifted fiber-Bragg grating (PS-FBG) and the polarization-multiplexed dual loop is proposed and investigated. By the virtue of the narrow notch bandwidth of the PS-FBG and the side-mode suppression of the optimized dual loop, the frequency tunable local oscillator (LO) signal with high spectral purity and low phase noise is generated by changing the frequency of the optical carrier from the laser source. The microwave downconversion is conducted directly by inputting the radio frequency (RF) signal into the OEO without any additional components. The experiment of the LO signal generation and the microwave downconversion is carried out. The frequency tunable LO signals from 2.5 to 7 GHz with the side-mode suppression ratio as high as 56 dB and the phase noise of -109 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz are generated successfully. By tuning the LO frequency generated by the proposed OEO, the RF signals with different frequencies from 3.5 to 8 GHz are converted to the same intermediate frequency band of 1 GHz. The spurious-free dynamic range of the downconversion system is measured to be 102.2 dB·Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> . The downconversion performance for RF carrying 16 quadrature amplitude modulation signal is also analyzed.
New motion estimation algorithm using low bit-resolution edge image (2002)

This paper describes a new motion estimation algorithm using low bit-resolution edge image in block matching. Combined with other fast algorithms such as hierarchical sub-sampled telescopic search, the algorithm greatly reduces hardware cost and keeps encoding quality. Compared with conventional bit-resolution algorithms, the proposed algorithm can not only reduce the computational complexity, but also improve encoding efficiency.
Full-Genome Sequence of Pantropic Canine Coronavirus (2015)

Pantropic canine coronavirus (CCoV) was first detected in young dogs in Italy in 2005, but the complete genome sequence of this virus had not yet been determined. Here, we report the full-length genome sequence of the prototype strain CB/05, which showed that this virus is genetically similar to CCoV-IIa viruses.
Protochromic Devices from a Cephalopod Structural Protein (2017)

Abstract Cephalopods possess remarkable camouflage capabilities, which are enabled by their complex innervated skin architectures and advanced nervous systems. As such, cephalopod skin constitutes an exciting model for biomimetic camouflage technologies. This study draws inspiration from the constituent components of optically active ultrastructures found in squid skin cells to help design color‐changing bioelectronic devices, which consist of a proton‐transporting active layer contacted by a proton‐conducting actuating electrode. The devices exhibit distinct shifts in their reflectance and coloration, which are attributed to active layer thickness changes induced by the direct electrical injection/extraction of protons. The reported findings may hold relevance for developing novel color‐changing technologies, understanding ion‐transporting biological systems, and engineering improved bioelectronic platforms.
APPLICATION OF VEHICLE DYNAMIC MODELING IN UAVS FOR PRECISE DETERMINATION OF EXTERIOR ORIENTATION (2016)

Advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and especially micro aerial vehicle (MAV) technology together with increasing quality and decreasing price of imaging devices have resulted in growing use of MAVs in photogrammetry. The practicality of MAV mapping is seriously enhanced with the ability to determine parameters of exterior orientation (EO) with sufficient accuracy, in both absolute and relative senses (change of attitude between successive images). While differential carrier phase GNSS satisfies cm-level positioning accuracy, precise attitude determination is essential for both direct sensor orientation (DiSO) and integrated sensor orientation (ISO) in corridor mapping or in block configuration imaging over surfaces with low texture. Limited cost, size, and weight of MAVs represent limitations on quality of onboard navigation sensors and puts emphasis on exploiting full capacity of available resources. Typically short flying times (10-30 minutes) also limit the possibility of estimating and/or correcting factors such as sensor misalignment and poor attitude initialization of inertial navigation system (INS). This research aims at increasing the accuracy of attitude determination in both absolute and relative senses with no extra sensors onboard. In comparison to classical INS/GNSS setup, novel approach is presented here to integrated state estimation, in which vehicle dynamic model (VDM) is used as the main process model. Such system benefits from available information from autopilot and physical properties of the platform in enhancing performance of determination of trajectory and parameters of exterior orientation consequently. The navigation system employs a differential carrier phase GNSS receiver and a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) grade inertial measurement unit (IMU), together with MAV control input from autopilot. Monte-Carlo simulation has been performed on trajectories for typical corridor mapping and block imaging. Results reveal considerable reduction in attitude errors with respect to conventional INS/GNSS system, in both absolute and relative senses. This eventually translates into higher redundancy and accuracy for photogrammetry applications.
P‐078: Preclinical investigation of combined use of select ERβ‐selective phytoserms as a potential estrogen alternative strategy for prevention of Alzheimer's disease in women (2007)

Our previous analyses indicated that co-administration of an estrogen receptor (ER) α-selective agonist and an ERβ-selective agonist was less effective in promoting neuronal viability against neurodegenerative insults in primary neurons. This observation implies that the lack of efficacy of a soy-derived product containing a complex formulation of phytoestrogens used in a recent clinical trial may partly arise from the antagonizing actions among different phytoestrogens with regard to the activation of ERα and/or ERβ. The present study sought to investigate the impact of ERβ-selective plant-based estrogenic molecules (PhytoSERMs) when administered singly or in combination on neuronal survival and development of AD neuropathology in vitro and in vivo. Computer-aided molecular docking and analyses of drug-like properties for CNS, followed by ERα and ERβ competitive binding assays, were used to identify ERβ-selective PhytoSERMs from a natural source chemical database. Primary hippocampal neuronal cultures obtained from embryonic day 18 rat fetuses were used for in vitro neuroprotection and associated mechanistic studies. Triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice possessing three mutations linked to human AD brains, APPswe, PS1M146V and tauP301L, were used to assess the impact of PhytoSERMs on β-amyloid and ptau expression in hippocampus and cortex. Dose-response analyses on five ERβ-selective candidate PhytoSERMs demonstrated that 4 candidates were moderately protective against supraphysiological glutamate-induced neuronal membrane damage, with the greatest neuronal response occurring at 100 nM ∼ 1 μM. Further analyses demonstrated that combined use of these candidates induced significantly increased neuroprotective efficacy compared to single treatments. Consistently, Western blot analyses revealed that combined use of these candidates significantly increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, the spine marker for neuroplasticity, spinophilin, and the β-amyloid degrading enzyme, IDE. We are currently investigating the impact of these PhytoSERMs and their combinations on the development of AD neuropathology in 3xTg-AD mice. Results of in vitro analyses provide proof of principle that combined use of ERβ-selective PhytoSERMs provide significant neuroprotective efficacy which will be extended into in vivo analyses, and suggest their potential to be effective and safe estrogen alternative strategy for preventing estrogen deficiency-related cognitive decline and AD in postmenopausal women.
On the design of the bandpass filters in harmonic phase MRI (2002)

In this paper we improve the extraction of harmonic images from tagged MR images of the heart. Using simulations, we study the shapes of the spectra of harmonic images and their relation to the heart motion. The filters used to extract the harmonic images are designed based on the shape of the spectra and tuned using simulations. The design also considers additive noise and interference from other harmonic images.
Iterative algorithm for phase shifting interferometry with finite bandwidth illumination (2008)

While phase shifting interferometry (PSI) has clearly established itself as a powerful tool for surface profiling, two main experimental drawbacks still exist, namely phase-shift errors and non-sinusoidal interferometric signals. These problems cause a fringe print-through pattern in measured phase having a frequency typically double the original fringe frequency. The main tool used to compensate for non-linear phase-shift errors is the least-square phase-stepping method, which is capable of accurately determining the phase separation between consecutive frames as well as phase distribution for each frame. Our work here extends the capabilities of this algorithm so as to account for the effects of a wide bandwidth light source and a higher numerical aperture, which make the interference signal deviate from the ideal sinusoidal signal. We present a simple variable change mechanism that overcomes the coupling that occurs between the planar and depth coordinates and allows for a seamless integration with the standard least-square procedure.
Starch-Entrapped Biopolymer Microspheres as a Novel Approach to Vary Blood Glucose Profiles (2009)

Starch-entrapped microspheres provide a useful tool to study the postprandial metabolic consequences of slowly digestible carbohydrates.
Dispersion minimisation in single-mode fibres over a wide spectral range (1979)

The waveguide and material dispersion are investigated for various silica-based single-mode optical fibres with arbitrary refractive-index profiles. It is shown that in the case of the doubly clad optical fibre with an index difference between the core and the outer cladding Δ1=1% and that between the inner cladding and the outer Δ2=−1%, the diameter of the core 2a=7.2 μm, and the thickness of the inner cladding t=0.3a, the total dispersion is reduced within ± 1 ps/km/nm over a wide spectral range of λ=1.35–1.67 μm.
Emerging Space-Time coding techniques for optical fiber transmission systems (2015)

Research in the field of optical fiber communications is advancing at a rapid pace in order to meet the growing needs for higher data rates. The main driving forces behind these advancements are the availability of multiple degrees of freedom in the optical fiber allowing for multiplexing more data: amplitude, phase and polarization state of the optical field, along with time and wavelength are already used in the deployed optical transmission systems. Yet, these systems are approaching their theoretical capacity limits and an extra dimension is investigated to achieve the next capacity leap. However, packing several data channels in the same medium brings with it differential impairments and crosstalk that can seriously deteriorate the performance of the system. In this thesis, we focus on recent optical MIMO schemes based on polarization division multiplexing (PDM) and space division multiplexing (SDM). In both, we assess the performance penalties induced by non-unitary crosstalk and loss disparities among the channels arising from imperfections in the used optical components (fibers, amplifiers, multiplexers...), and suggest novel MIMO coding techniques known as Space-Time (ST) codes, initially designed for wireless multi-antenna channels, to mitigate them.
Analysis of lateral shearing interferometry without self-imaging limitations (2015)

In lateral shearing interferometry, interferograms with a good contrast can be obtained at any distance without self-imaging limitations based on a modified Hartmann mask (MHM) and a randomly encoded hybrid grating (REHG). The present study analyzes and compares the diffraction orders, the contrast of carrier fringes, the available spectral bandwidth, and the wavefront measurement accuracy of the lateral shearing interferometer using MHM and REHG. Numerical simulations show that the performance of the REHG is superior to that of the MHM with respect to fringe contrast, available spectral bandwidth, and wavefront measurement accuracy. For the REGH, if the phase step of the phase chessboard is within the range of (2n+1±0.2)π, the contrast of the carrier fringes is almost invariant along the propagation axis, and the wavefront reconstruction error generated from higher diffraction orders is small enough to be neglected. Optimal quantization of the REHG is also studied. When M is equal to 2 and N is not less than 5, the quantization result can meet the requirement of the measurement accuracy.
New results on the Plenoptic 2.0 camera (2009)

The Plenoptic camera, a digital realization of Lippmann's ¿Integral Photography¿ ideas, was introduced in 1992 by Adelson as an approach to solve computer vision problems. Recently, an improved version called Plenoptic 2.0 camera has been independently proposed by Ng, Fife, Lumsdaine, and others. The important part about it is the much higher spatial resolution. In this paper we describe the two different focusing modes of this new camera, image rendering for it, as well as methods for capture extended modes at high resolution, including HDR, multispectral color, polarization, superresolution, and others. These are applicable only to Plenoptic 2.0 camera, which fact makes it unique. A live demo of the camera will be shown.
Multilayer Planar Tunable Filter With Very Wide Tuning Bandwidth (2011)

In this paper, we propose and develop a partially shielded tunable filter structure using a varactor-loaded split-ring resonator. The novel physical topology of the filter is suitable for vertical stacking of filters and enables a compact multilayer tunable filter for applications requiring a very wide tuning range. The capacitance range and ratio needed to achieve the designated tuning range are presented, and analytical solutions are given for the second and third higher order modes for synthesis in the spurious-free filter operation range. Two prototypes are developed. A partially shielded tunable filter using varactor-loaded split-ring resonators is developed to verify the design method and to demonstrate the wide tuning range of a tunable filter. To further extend the tuning range, a filter bank with three stacked tunable filters at different frequency bands are designed and developed. With slight overlap between neighboring bands, a continuous tuning range of more than 6:1 is achieved.
High thermal stability Sb3Te-TiN2 material for phase change memory application (2015)

For phase change memory (PCM) applications, it has been widely accepted that δ phase Sb-Te has fast operation speed and good phase stability. However, the fast growth crystallization mechanism will cause poor amorphous phase stability and overlarge grain size. We introduce TiN2 into δ phase Sb-Te (Sb3Te) to enhance the amorphous thermal stability and refine the grain size. With TiN2 incorporating, the temperature for 10-year data retention increases from 79 °C to 124 °C. And the grain size decreases to dozens of nanometers scale. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy results, we knew that nitrogen atoms bond with titanium, forming disorder region at the grain boundary of Sb3Te-TiN2 (STTN). Thus, STTN has a quite different crystallization mechanism from Sb3Te. Furthermore, PCM device based on STTN can realize reversible phase change under 20 ns electrical pulse.
Pre-route noise estimation in deep submicron integrated circuits (2003)

One of the critical challenges in today's high performance IC design is to take noise into account as early as possible in the design cycle. Current noise analysis tools are effective at analyzing and identifying noise in the post-route design stage when detailed parasitic information is available. However, noise problems identified at this stage of design cycle are very difficult to fix due to the limited flexibility in the design and may, cause additional iterations of routing and placement, adding costly delays to time-to-market. In this paper we introduce an estimated, congestion-based pre-route noise analysis approach to identify post-route noise failures before the actual detailed route is completed. We introduce new methods to estimate the RC characteristics of victim and aggressor lines, their coupling capacitances and the aggressor transition times before routing is performed. The approach is based on congestion information obtained from a global router. Since the exact location and relative position of wires in the design is not yet available at this point, we propose a novel probabilistic method for capacitance extraction. We present results on two high performance microprocessors in 0.18 /spl mu/ technology that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Thickness Measurement Device for Ice/Water Mixture (1996)

A device and method are provided for determining the thickness of an ice and water mixture accumulated on the outer surface of an object. First and second total impedance sensors are operated at first and second frequencies over which the dielectric constants for water and ice are substantially the same. Corresponding first and second AC total impedance measuring circuits are coupled to the first and second sensors to produce output voltages based on the total impedance changes sensed by the sensors. A processor is coupled to the first and second measuring circuits to generate a voltage ratio using the measured output voltages. The voltage ratio is indicative of the thickness of the ice and water mixture. The novelty of the present invention is the use of two frequencies and dual geometry impedance sensors in order to be sensitive to the formation of ice. Thus, critical situations created by the presence of solid ice can be averted. The device is simple and is easily incorporated into current technology thereby making its realization cost- effective.
Bile Acid Sequestration by Cholestyramine Mitigates FGFR4 Inhibition-Induced ALT Elevation (2018)

The FGF19- fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR4)-βKlotho (KLB) pathway plays an important role in the regulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been described in the development and progression of a subset of liver cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, establishing FGFR4 as an attractive therapeutic target for such solid tumors. FGF401 is a highly selective FGFR4 kinase inhibitor being developed for hepatocellular carcinoma, currently in phase I/II clinical studies. In preclinical studies in mice and dogs, oral administration of FGF401 led to induction of Cyp7a1, elevation of its peripheral marker 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, increased BA pool size, decreased serum cholesterol and diarrhea in dogs. FGF401 was also associated with increases of serum aminotransferases, primarily alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the absence of any observable adverse histopathological findings in the liver, or in any other organs. We hypothesized that the increase in ALT could be secondary to increased BAs and conducted an investigative study in dogs with FGF401 and coadministration of the BA sequestrant cholestyramine (CHO). CHO prevented and reversed FGF401-related increases in ALT in dogs in parallel to its ability to reduce BAs in the circulation. Correlation analysis showed that FGF401-mediated increases in ALT strongly correlated with increases in taurolithocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid, the major secondary BAs in dog plasma, indicating a mechanistic link between ALT elevation and changes in BA pool hydrophobicity. Thus, CHO may offer the potential to mitigate elevations in serum aminotransferases in human subjects that are caused by targeted FGFR4 inhibition and elevated intracellular BA levels.
Identifying Topological Credentials of Physical Infrastructure Components to Enhance Transportation Network Resilience: Case of Florida Bridges (2022)

Physical infrastructure systems contribute to human civilization significantly and play a key role in the smooth operation of society. However, such systems may experience loss of functionality because of external shocks, i.e., human-made or natural hazards. To enhance the resiliency of the infrastructure systems, network positions or credentials of infrastructure components (e.g., roads, bridges) based on their topology or connectivity need to be assessed. The empirical literature does not provide specific guidance how such topological credentials may contribute to system resilience, i.e., reducing overall adverse impacts as well as recovering from loss of performance. This study emphasized a coordinated and extensive network of experiments at different geographic scales by applying complex network principles to explore the resiliency of Florida road networks. Geographic modeling was used along with Florida road (with bridges) network data to perform network experiments and prioritize certain bridges based on their network credentials. In particular, the study established a systematic approach to rank the topological credentials of bridges based on the connectivity and attributes (i.e., weights) of road networks. Such credentials change significantly when different weights (i.e., vehicular traffic) are introduced to the network topology at different geographic scales. The practical implications for transportation network resilience as well as the scaling effects are examined by quantifying resilience in terms of average network travel time and developing recovery schemes of bridges for a sample road network. The study developed a credible methodology that would benefit states, municipalities, and other transportation authorities to prioritize risk-based recovery strategies.