gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Updating Timing Profiles for Millions of Customers in Real-Time (2000)

In some business applications, the transaction behavior of each customer is tracked separately with a customer signa-ture. A customer’s signature for buying behavior, for exam-ple, may contain information on the likely place of purchase, value of goods purchased, type of goods purchased, and tim-ing of purchases. The signature may be updated whenever the customer makes a transaction, and, because of storage limita-tions, the updating may be able to use only the new transac-tion and the summarized information in the customer’s cur-rent signature. Standard sequential updating schemes, such as exponentially weighted moving averaging, can be used to update a characteristic that is observed at random, but tim-ing variables like day-of-week are not observed at random, and standard sequential estimates of their distributions can be badly biased. This paper derives a fast, space-efficient se-quential estimator for timing distributions that is based on a Poisson model that has periodic rates that may evolve over time. The sequential estimator is a variant of an exponen-tially weighted moving average. It approximates the posterior mean under a dynamic Poisson timing model and has good asymptotic properties. Simulations show that it also has good finite sample properties. A telecommunications application to a random sample of 2,000 customers shows that the model assumptions are adequate and that the sequential estimator can be useful in practice. 1
Receivers and CQI Measures for MIMO-CDMA Systems in Frequency-Selective Channels (2005)

We investigate receiver designs and CQI (channel quality indicator) measures for the jointly encoded (JE) and separately encoded (SE) types of MIMO transmission. For the JE transmission, we develop a per-Walsh code joint detection structure consisting of a front-end linear filter followed by joint symbol detection among all the streams. We derive a class of filters that maximize the so-called constrained mutual information, and show that the conventional LMMSE and MVDR equalizers belong to this class. This constrained mutual information also provides us with a CQI measure describing the MIMO link quality, similar to the notion of generalized SNR. Such a measure is essential for both link adaptation and also to provide a means of link-to-system mapping. For the case of SE transmission, we extend the successive decoding algorithm of per-antenna rate control (PARC) to multipath channels, and show that in this case successive decoding achieves the constrained mutual information. Meanwhile, similar to the case of JE schemes, we also derive proper CQI measures for the SE schemes.
Accurate prediction of cellular co-translational folding indicates proteins can switch from post- to co-translational folding (2016)

The rates at which domains fold and codons are translated are important factors in determining whether a nascent protein will co-translationally fold and function or misfold and malfunction. Here we develop a chemical kinetic model that calculates a protein domain's co-translational folding curve during synthesis using only the domain's bulk folding and unfolding rates and codon translation rates. We show that this model accurately predicts the course of co-translational folding measured in vivo for four different protein molecules. We then make predictions for a number of different proteins in yeast and find that synonymous codon substitutions, which change translation-elongation rates, can switch some protein domains from folding post-translationally to folding co-translationally--a result consistent with previous experimental studies. Our approach explains essential features of co-translational folding curves and predicts how varying the translation rate at different codon positions along a transcript's coding sequence affects this self-assembly process.
New Piezoelectric Ceramics with Zero Temperature Coefficients for Acoustic Wait Applications (1980)

Lead titanate (PbTi03) ceramics having zero temperature coefficients in various acoustic wave modes are developed by addition of Nd2O3, and Mn02. The chemical formulae of these ceramics are generally expressed by (Pbl 3,+lZNd,) (Til-y-zM”yInz)03. These ceramics have very small surface wave delay time temperature coefficients (less than 1 x 10-6/OC) over a wide temperature range (-loo to +6OoC) with appropriate compositions. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the resonance frequency temperature coefficients in bulk wave modes (radial mode, thickness mode, flexure mode) to the same order as for surface waves by appropriately changing the combination of Nd, Mn, In concentrations. These modified PbTi03 ceramics are thus potential materials for acoustic wave applications. As application examples, SAW filters (60, ~OOMHZ), tuning fork resonators (3OkHz), and thickness mode resonators (4wz) are fabricated using these ceramics. In203
Recovery from control plane failures in the CR-LDP signalling protocol (2004)

When the control and data planes are physically separate, it is important to maintain the established connections in the data plane even if the protocol plane fails. Channel status is maintained by a signalling protocol. Channel status information will be permanently lost as a result of a failure in the control plane having no recovery capability of the constrained-based routing label distribution protocol (CR-LDP). A recovery mechanism for channel status information is proposed in this paper. A downstream node stores a label information database (LID) of assignable (free) labels for each incoming link. A copy of the LID redundantly stored in the upstream node as a label information mirror (LIM). Each LIM and the corresponding LID are synchronised. The recovery of channel status information is guaranteed.
A new efficient synthesis of 3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4<i>H</i>‐chromen‐4‐ones (2000)

Abstract An efficient and versatile synthesis of variously substituted 3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4 H ‐chromen‐4‐ones is reported. The compounds are prepared by hydroxymethylation of the precursor 2‐hydroxy‐4‐chromanones followed by acid dehydration.
FEASIBILITY OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC MIXED FERMENTATION (2006)

This study reports the effects for selectively enriching hydrogen-producing microbial species present in biologicalsludge produced during animal wastewater treatment. The purpose for the enrichment methodology was to enhanceproduction of hydrogen gas under mixed anaerobic fermentative conditions of organic substrates. Methodology to enrichhydrogen-producing bacteria included pH adjustment of natural inocula to 3 and 5 with and without heat treatment (by wetheat-shock of natural inocula). Enriched mixed bacteria were cultivated at initial pH values of 5, 6, and 7 with syntheticorganic wastewater (carbon source was mainly glucose) containing different levels of nitrogen (2.0 and 0.8 g/L as totalnitrogen) at mesophilic temperature (at 35C) under static batch conditions. The culture pH significantly affected hydrogenproduction. Maximum specific hydrogen production achieved over the entire culture time was 223 mL H2/g cell and 379 mLH2/g cell in culture at pH 7 using inocula that had been enriched at pH 3 with and without heat treatment (HT and NHT),respectively, before adding culture. HT of inocula enriched at pH 3 contributed positively to hydrogen production. Enrichmentat pH 5 had weak potential to enhance hydrogen evolution irrespective of NHT and HT. At maximum production of hydrogen(at culture pH 7 after enrichment at pH 3 with HT), the major intermediate metabolites were acetate and n-butyrate (as volatilefatty acids), and ethanol (as organic solvents). Propionate was not detected. No significant effects were found on hydrogenproduction using supplements with different nitrogen levels.
Hexaboride Ceramics as PEMFC Electrode Catalysts Supports (2006)

Metal hexaborides demonstrate the unusual ability to spontaneously deposit noble metals from solution without the need for separate reducing agents or pretreatments. A range of deposition thicknesses are possible and uniform and strongly adherent 30 nm thick metal films on lanthanum hexaboride sputter- coated glass are easily and quickly achieved. Full and uniform coverages of hexaboride powders are obtained even with deposits only ca. 1 nm thick. Cyclic voltammetry for 4 wt% Pt on a roughly 1 m2/g EuB6 powder show electrochemically active Pt surface area, derived from the area under the hydrogen absorption curve, to be 39 m2/g Pt and is exceptional considering the low hexaboride support surface area. This result suggests that the entire support area is covered with Pt (approximately 1 nm thick) and that the entire Pt surface is electrochemically active.
Nuclear localization of the antigen detected by ulcerative colitis-associated perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. (1995)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) identified in the serum of 50 to 80% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients yield a perinuclear staining pattern (pANCA) with alcohol-fixed neutrophils. The ANCAs of UC are distinguishable from those described for Wegener's granulomatosis and other vasculitidies. These various non-UC ANCAs recognize neutrophil granule constituents, but the antigenic moiety specific for the UC pANCA remains unknown. Although the perinuclear nature of some ANCA reactions is an artifact of the alcohol fixation of neutrophils, which causes cytoplasmic granules to redistribute around the nucleus, the UC pANCA reaction has been found not to be similarly affected. We postulated a nuclear localization for the UC-associated pANCA antigen and used both confocal laser microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy to examine the neutrophil reaction of UC-associated pANCA-containing sera. Confocal microscopy revealed a nuclear reaction for 88% (22/25) of the sera with 72% (18/25) showing the reaction localizing to the inner side of the nuclear (membrane) periphery. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the UC-associated pANCA reaction localized primarily over chromatin concentrated toward the nuclear periphery, although the sera did not recognize double-stranded DNA. These results confirm the nuclear localization of the UC-associated pANCA antigen.
<title>New angiographic technique for measurement of instantaneous blood flow rates using distance-density curves</title> (1990)

Accurate measurement of blood flow rates can provide a useful means for evaluation of functional significance of stenoses coronary flow reserve and changes in flow rates resulting from interventional procedures. However for pulsatile flow conditions blood flow rates determined by analysis of conventional time-density curves are unreliable. Therefore we are developing a new method based on an analysis of the distribution of contrast material along the length of the vessel i. e. the " distance-density" curve in digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) images. The distance that the contrast material travels during the time between two image acquisitions is determined by comparison of the two distance-density curves. The flow rate between the image acquisitions is calculated by multiplying this distance by the frame rate and the vessel crosssectional area which is estimated from the vessel size. Thus for high frame-rate acquisitions " instantaneous" blood floW rates can be determined. From angiograms obtained at 15 frames/see the instantaneous flow rates measured with our technique agreed with those measured with an electromagnetic method to within an average of 2. 3 cc/sec for pulsatilc llovv conditions with peak flow rates of up to 30 cc/see and average flow rates agreed to within an average of 11. 1.
A technique for sidelobe suppression in OFDM systems (2005)

In this paper, a new technique for sidelobe suppression in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed and investigated. This technique can be applied to both pure OFDM and OFDM based multiple-access systems to improve spectral efficiency. Moreover, it can be utilized within OFDM based overlay systems to avoid interference towards the legacy systems operating in the same frequency band as the overlay system. The proposed sidelobe suppression technique is based on subcarrier weighting. The real-valued subcarrier weights are determined in such a way that the sidelobes of the transmission signal are minimized using an optimization algorithm which is capable to take several optimization constraints into account. Results show that sidelobes can be easily suppressed by more than 10 dB with the proposed technique. These results are achieved by allowing only a moderate loss in bit-error rate performance.
Computer-aided Diagnosis to Distinguish Benign from Malignant Solitary Pulmonary Nodules on Radiographs: ROC Analysis of Radiologists’ Performance—Initial Experience (2003)

This scheme for computer-aided diagnosis has the potential to improve the accuracy of radiologists' performance in the classification of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules.
CHOP: Adaptive filter-based DRAM caching for CMP server platforms (2010)

As manycore architectures enable a large number of cores on the die, a key challenge that emerges is the availability of memory bandwidth with conventional DRAM solutions. To address this challenge, integration of large DRAM caches that provide as much as 5× higher bandwidth and as low as 1/3rd of the latency (as compared to conventional DRAM) is very promising. However, organizing and implementing a large DRAM cache is challenging because of two primary tradeoffs: (a) DRAM caches at cache line granularity require too large an on-chip tag area that makes it undesirable and (b) DRAM caches with larger page granularity require too much bandwidth because the miss rate does not reduce enough to overcome the bandwidth increase. In this paper, we propose CHOP (Caching HOt Pages) in DRAM caches to address these challenges. We study several filter-based DRAM caching techniques: (a) a filter cache (CHOP-FC) that profiles pages and determines the hot subset of pages to allocate into the DRAM cache, (b) a memory-based filter cache (CHOP-MFC) that spills and fills filter state to improve the accuracy and reduce the size of the filter cache and (c) an adaptive DRAM caching technique (CHOP-AFC) to determine when the filter cache should be enabled and disabled for DRAM caching. We conduct detailed simulations with server workloads to show that our filter-based DRAM caching techniques achieve the following: (a) on average over 30% performance improvement over previous solutions, (b) several magnitudes lower area overhead in tag space required for cache-line based DRAM caches, (c) significantly lower memory bandwidth consumption as compared to page-granular DRAM caches.
Enabling Backscatter Communication among Commodity WiFi Radios (2016)

We present the first low power backscatter system that can be deployed completely using commodity WiFi infrastructure. With this system, a low power tag reflects existing 802.11b transmissions from a commodity WiFi transmitter, and the backscattered signals can be decoded as a standard WiFi packet by a commodity 802.11b receiver. The key invention is a novel technique called \textbf{codeword translation}, which allows a backscatter tag to embed its information on standard 802.11b packets by just translating the original transmitted 802.11b codeword to another valid 802.11b codeword. This allows any 802.11b receiver to decode the backscattered packet, thus opening the doors for widespread deployment of low-power backscatter communication using widely available WiFi infrastructure. We show experimentally that we can achieve an uplink throughput of up to 1Mbps at ranges of up to 8m and ranges of up to 50m where it achieves a throughput of around 100Kbps, which is twice as better than the recently published passive WiFi system.
Horizontal cryogenic bushing for the termination of a superconducting power-transmission line (1982)

A termination for a superconducting power transmission line is disclosed which is comprised of a standard air entrance insulated vertical bushing with an elbow, a horizontal cryogenic bushing linking the pressurized cryogenic cable environment to the ambient temperature bushing and a stress cone which terminated the cable outer shield and transforms the large radial voltage gradient in the cable dielectric into a much lower radial voltage gradient in the high density helium coolant at the cold end of the cryogenic bushing.
Tool for automatic real-time regional cardiac function analysis using HARP (2003)

The FastHARP magnetic resonance pulse sequence can acquire taggged cardiac images at a rate of 45 ms per frame, enabling 7-20 harmonic phase (HARP) images per heartbeat per tag orientation. By switching the tag orientation every heartbeat, data from just two heartbeats can be used to compute in-plane quantities describing myocardial deformation, such as circumferential and radial strain. Standard HARP software, however, requries about one second to compute each strain image, which is not fast enough to keep up with the FastHARP pulse sequence. In this work, we have developed real-time algorithms for HARP processing of tagged MR images. The code was implemented along wiht a visualization tool that runs in conjunction with the FastHARP pulse sequence. HARP strain computations and display can now be carried out in real-time after a one heartbeat delay. The software is also fast enough to track and plot the time profile of strain of one or more points in the myocardium in real-time. Our software has now been integrated into a research testbed for magnetic resonance cardiac stress testing, contributing to the emerging suite of clinical cardiac MRI protocols.
The Effect of Selective Availability on Differential GPS Corrections (1989)

The newer Block II GPS satellites have the capability to control the accuracy of the Standard Positioning Service signals by a combination of dithering the satellite clock and manipulating the ephemeris data. This capability is called Selective Availability (SA). Differential GPS operation greatly reduces the effects of SA, in addition to the effects of ionospheric, tropospheric, and other slowly-varying errors, for users in a local area around a reference station.



A major technical issue in the design of reference stations has been the correction update rate. It has been assumed until recently that new differential GPS corrections are required about once every 10 s to maintain 5–10 m service accuracy. Until the recent launch of the new Block II satellites, there has been no firm evidence that this update rate would be adequate. This paper presents statistical analysis of recently obtained data sets from Block II satellites, specifically position and velocity variations and correlation times. Pseudorange corrections generated by differential reference station equipment using these signals are applied to the pseudoranges from a navigation receiver to obtain estimates of the effect of correction update rate on differential GPS performance.
Ordered three-dimensional hierarchical nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography (2006)

This paper describes a technique for the fabrication of ordered three-dimensional hierarchical nanostructures in polymer films via nanoimprint lithography. The hierarchical structure is obtained by a series of sequential imprinting steps, where smaller structures are imprinted on top of larger imprinted structures. Higher order hierarchy is achieved by sequentially adding imprinting steps. An important feature of this fabrication technique is that the subsequent imprinting is carried out at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the polymer film and below the imprinting temperature of the preceding imprint without the assistance of any solvents or plasticizers. Various formats of hierarchical structures can be obtained by varying the mould geometries and mould orientations in the sequential imprinting. It is found that the secondary or higher-order imprints are enabled by a reduction in the modulus of the polymer after the primary imprinting.
High-Rate Skew Estimation for Tape Systems (2016)

In several recent magnetic tape drive designs, an actuator with two degrees of freedom has been adopted for joint skew- and track-following control. This enables the removal of flanges from guide rollers in the tape path, thus avoiding debris build-up, tape-edge damage, and high-frequency lateral tape motion. Skew compensation is needed to keep the head perpendicular to the direction of tape motion to enable read-while-write functionality in the presence of large lateral tape excursions originating from the removal of roller flanges. In this paper, we present a novel skew estimator that generates skew estimates at a high rate for an extended range of allowable tape-to-head skew values. A skew estimate is given by the sum of a fractional and an integer part, extracted from information provided by two parallel synchronous servo channels operating on timing-based servo patterns. The fractional part is obtained from the accurate measure of timing intervals between dibit correlation peaks, whereas the integer part is derived from longitudinal position information. The new method was implemented in an FPGA and verified experimentally using a commercial tape drive.
A Vision Based Sensor for Huanglongbing Disease Detection under a Simulated Field Condition (2014)

<abstract> <bold>Abstract.</bold> Florida citrus industry has been suffering from an extremely serious infection, called Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease for several years. The disease has been seen in all citrus producing counties in Florida and also some infection has been recently reported in Texas and California. No effective cure has been discovered for this disease yet, still a quick and easy HLB detection method can help citrus growers to remove the infected trees and protect the rest of their groves. Starch accumulation on an infected citrus leaf is one of the HLB symptoms, which create some green islands and yellowish blotch mottles on the leaf. In this study, a new version of a machine vision based sensor was developed which is able to identify the HLB symptomatic leaves under simulated field conditions. The combination of a sensitive monochrome camera and a narrow band polarized illumination system in this sensor could highlight the starch accumulation in HLB infected citrus leaves and differentiate it from yellowish leaves caused by other stresses such as nutrient deficiency. This sensor was examined in both simulated and actual in-field conditions for HLB symptomatic, healthy and nutrient (zinc) deficient leaf samples. Simple statistical histogram features were used for the classification and classification accuracies of over 95% were achieved. Compared to the previous version of our HLB detection system, this approach improved the detection accuracy with a less complicated classification method.
Ultra thin coherent atom beam by Stern-Gerlach interferometry (2007)

It is demonstrated that a Stern-Gerlach interferometer including a special transverse phase shifter can generate an atomic beam of a small diameter (few tens of nm). Calculations carried out in a coherent regime confirm this point. They also show that the device is almost insensitive to velocity dispersion and that the required mechanical accuracy is quite accessible. Due to the peculiar transverse amplitude distribution (of the Lorentz type), the spreading of the generated beam profile is very small compared to that given by a circular diaphragm or a Gaussian profile of comparable initial diameter. This is a key property as regards applications, e.g. in atom lithography and surface probing.