gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Granzyme B PET Imaging as a Predictive Biomarker of Immunotherapy Response (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>While cancer immunotherapy can produce dramatic responses, only a minority of patients respond to treatment. Reliable response biomarkers are needed to identify responders, and conventional imaging modalities have not proved adequate. Here, we provide a preclinical proof of concept for the use of granzyme B, a downstream effector of tumoral cytotoxic T cells, as an early biomarker for tumors responding to immunotherapy. We designed novel PET imaging probes for the murine and human granzyme B isoforms that specifically and quantitatively bind granzyme B. Immunotherapy-treated mice were imaged prior to therapy-induced tumor volume reduction. Imaging distinguished treated responders from nonresponders with excellent predictive ability. To assess the clinical value of a granzyme B imaging paradigm, biopsy specimens from melanoma patients on checkpoint inhibitor therapy were analyzed. A marked differential in granzyme B expression was observed between treated responders and nonresponders. Additionally, our human probe was able to specifically detect granzyme B expression in human samples, providing a clear candidate for clinical application. Overall, our results suggest granzyme B PET imaging can serve as a quantitatively useful predictive biomarker for efficacious responses to cancer immunotherapy. <i>Cancer Res; 77(9); 2318–27. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The Centered Discrete Fourier Transform and a parallel implementation of the FFT (2011)

This paper describes a novel method for the computation of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The development of a truly centered DFT is coupled with a method for computing the Centered DFT to provide an FFT that requires no complex multiplications and which allows a highly parallel implementation.
An Antibody‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Rearrangement of CarbonCarbon Bonds (1994)

The transition state of the dienone-phenol rearrangement of 1 to 2 is mimicked by hapten 3. An immune response to 3 yielded an antibody (62C7) which was found to catalyze the rearrangement efficiently. It was shown that 62C7 does not act as a simple acid catalyst, but rather selectively stabilizes the charge distribution in the transition state.
Variable-energy drift-tube linacs (1981)

Practical applications of ion linacs are more viable now than ever before because of the recent development of the radio-frequency quadrupole accelerating structure, as well as other technological advances developed under the Pion Generator for Medical Irradiations program. This report describes a practical technique for varying the energy of drift-tube linacs and thus further broadening the possibilities for linac applications. This technique involves using the post couplers (normally used to flatten and stabilize the electric fields) to create a step in the fields, thus terminating the acceleration process. In the examples given for a 70-MeV accelerator design, when using this technique the energy is continuously variable down to 20 MeV, while maintaining a small energy spread.
Sealant materials for the solid oxide fuel cell (1994)

The objective of this work is to develop sealing materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A suitable sealant must form strong, dense bonds with SOFC components, be chemically stable and mechanically compatible with the components at the operating temperature and over the temperature range of interest, be chemically stable in the operating environment of the SOFC (i.e. H{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O on the anode side, O{sub 2} on the cathode side), and must be electrically insulating.
Geometric Control of Chemically Nano-patterned Substrates for Feature Multiplication Using Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers (2012)

In this study, directed self-assembly of block copolymers (BCP) was investigated as a function of the dimensions of the alternating stripes on chemically nano-patterned substrates, at a constant pattern pitch. It was shown that alignment of the block copolymer with the chemical pattern depends on the width of the guiding stripe. Also, when the ratio of this parameter over the natural periodicity of the BCP (W/L00.6, a high degree of perfection is achieved. Finally, the formulation of the BCP was found to impact the process window, as three batches with the same L0good alignment at different conditions.
Racemization of Optically Active Amino Acid Salts and an Approach to Asymmetric Transformation of <scp>Dl</scp>-Amino Acids (1983)

Abstract In connection with optical resolution of Dl-amino acids, the racemization process of optically active amino acid salts was studied. A wide variety of salts of optically active amino acids with sulfonic acids or mineral acids could be racemized by heating in a medium of acetic acid at 80–100 °C for 1 h in the presence of 0.1 molar equivalents of an aldehyde and free Dl-amino acid. From the reaction mixture, the racemized Dl-amino acid salts were recovered in high yield (86–92%) and in high purity. An asymmetric transformation between two enantiomers of amino acid salt was attempted by the combination of preferential crystallization of the desired enantiomer and racemization of the antipode in the liquid phase. Dl-Alanine p-chlorobenzenesulfonate was partially converted to l-isomer (yield 16%, optically purity 97%). Another approach was carried out by transformation between two diastereoisomeric salts. The combination of selective precipitation of less soluble diastereoisomeric salt and epimerization of soluble diastereoisomeric salt allowed Dl-phenylglycine d-camphor-10-sulfonate to be partially converted to d-phenylglycine d-camphor-10-sulfonate (yield 68%, optical purity 96%).
Size effects in E-beam fabricated MOS devices (1977)

The physical limitations imposed by geometric effects have been investigated on silicon MOS structures. N-channel silicon gate MOS transistors were fabricated using electron-beam lithography and dry-processing techniques. The devices fabricated include discrete transistors, inverters, and ring oscillators. Channel length and width dimensions were independently varied from 10µm to 0.25µm. Two static short channel effects were observed. One was the widening of the drain resistance (r <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> ) and the other was a shift in the threshold voltage towards depletion as the channel length decreased and towards enhancement as the gate-width decreased. Dynamic characterization of the ring oscillators showed stage delay times below 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> seconds for 1µm gate lengths.
Mid-infrared Noninvasive in vivo Glucose Detection in Healthy Human Subjects (2014)

A novel hollow-core fiber based mid-infrared noninvasive in vivo sensor, capable of clinically accurate predictions of glucose concentrations ranging from 80 - 160 mg/dL in healthy humans, is presented.
Dynamic atrioventricular delay programming improves ventricular electrical synchronization as evaluated by 3D vectorcardiography (2019)

With VCG-based, patient-specific optimization of the programmable offset, SyncAV reduced electrical dyssynchrony beyond conventional CRT.
Dual-Polarization FBMC for Improved Performance in Wireless Communication Systems (2018)

Filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) offers superior spectral properties compared to cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-OFDM), at the cost of an inherent shortcoming in dispersive channels called intrinsic imaginary interference. In this paper, we propose a new FBMC-based communication system using two orthogonal polarizations for wireless communication systems: dual-polarization FBMC (DP-FBMC). Using this system we can significantly suppress the FBMC intrinsic interference. Therefore in DP-FBMC all the multicarrier techniques used in CP-OFDM systems such as channel equalization, etc., should be applicable without using the complex processing methods required for conventional FBMC. DP-FBMC also has other interesting advantages over CP-OFDM and FBMC: it is more robust in highly dispersive channels, and also to receiver carrier frequency offset and timing offset. In our DP-FBMC system we propose three different structures based on different multiplexing techniques. We show that compared to conventional FBMC, one of these DP-FBMC structures has equivalent complexity and equipment requirements. We compare DP-FBMC with other systems through simulations. According to our results DP-FBMC has potential as a promising candidate for future wireless communication networks.
Opening a Gateway for Chemiluminescence Cell Imaging: Distinctive Methodology for Design of Bright Chemiluminescent Dioxetane Probes (2017)

Chemiluminescence probes are considered to be among the most sensitive diagnostic tools that provide high signal-to-noise ratio for various applications such as DNA detection and immunoassays. We have developed a new molecular methodology to design and foresee light-emission properties of turn-ON chemiluminescence dioxetane probes suitable for use under physiological conditions. The methodology is based on incorporation of a substituent on the benzoate species obtained during the chemiexcitation pathway of Schaap's adamantylidene-dioxetane probe. The substituent effect was initially evaluated on the fluorescence emission generated by the benzoate species and then on the chemiluminescence of the dioxetane luminophores. A striking substituent effect on the chemiluminescence efficiency of the probes was obtained when acrylate and acrylonitrile electron-withdrawing groups were installed. The chemiluminescence quantum yield of the best probe was more than 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of a standard, commercially available adamantylidene-dioxetane probe. These are the most powerful chemiluminescence dioxetane probes synthesized to date that are suitable for use under aqueous conditions. One of our probes was capable of providing high-quality chemiluminescence cell images based on endogenous activity of β-galactosidase. This is the first demonstration of cell imaging achieved by a non-luciferin small-molecule probe with direct chemiluminescence mode of emission. We anticipate that the strategy presented here will lead to development of efficient chemiluminescence probes for various applications in the field of sensing and imaging.
Holographic Elements For Coordinate Transformations (1989)

A novel design technique for generating holographic elements that perform general types of coordinate transformations is presented. The design, which is based on analytic ray-tracing techniques leads to a holographic grating function that can be formed either as a computer generated or as a computer originated hologram. The design procedure is illustrated for a specific holographic element that performs a logarithmic transformation. Such an element is useful for obtaining scale invariance in optical correlation.
Encoded combinatorial libraries for the construction of cyclic peptoid microarrays (2008)

A "one bead two compound" approach to the synthesis of encoded cyclic peptoid libraries is reported.
Polyimide membrane x-ray lithography masks—Fabrication and distortion measurements (1978)

A process for fabricating polyimide membrane x-ray lithography masks is described in detail. Thin membranes of polyimide are formed by spinning polyamic acid on Corning 0211, or other glass substrates, and polymerizing in situ. The glass substrate acts as a holder and an efficient heat sink during formation of gold absorber patterns on top of the polyimide, a procedure that usually includes ion beam etching. A support ring is then bonded to the polyimide, and the glass etched in dilute HF. Optically smooth polyimide membranes with thicknesses from 0.5 to 5 μm are readily achieved. Measurements of the distortion of polyimide membrane x-ray lithography masks have been made using a holographic moiré method and a method based on measuring the spread in the angle of diffraction from gold-grating patterns. These indicated a distortion less than two parts in 105 over the central 7.5-mm-diam area of a 19-mm-diam membrane.
Analysis of a putative auxin biosynthesis inhibitor, indole-3-oxoethylphosphonic acid, in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2014)

Previously we identified indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis inhibitors that act on the conversion of l-tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvic acid in the IAA biosynthesis of Arabidopsis. In the present study, we synthesized a new compound, indole-3-oxoethylphosphonic acid (IOEP), and found that IOEP had an inhibitory effect on IAA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The results suggest that IOEP is a novel inhibitor of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
Clinical Update on Optimal Prandial Insulin Dosing Using a Refined Run-to-Run Control Algorithm (2009)

Run-to-run algorithms are able to improve postprandial blood glucose levels in subjects with T1DM.
An inner product processor design using novel parallel counter circuits (2003)

This paper presents a novel parallel inner product processor architecture. The proposed processor has the following features: (1) it can be easily reconfigured for computing inner products of input arrays with four or more types of structures. Typically, each input array may contain 64 8-bit items, or 16 16-bit items, or 4 32-bit items, or 1 64-bit item, with items in unsigned or 2's complement form; (2) it can be pipelined to produce inner products efficiently,; (3) it has a compact VLSI area with very simple reconfigurable components. The processor mainly consists of an array of 8/spl times/8 or 4/spl times/4 small multipliers plus two or three arrays of adders. The total amount of hardware is comparable to a single 64/spl times/64 array multiplier; (4) The whole network is reconfigured through using a few control bits for the desired computations, and the reconfiguration can be done dynamically; (5) The design is highly regular and modular, and most parts of the network are symmetric and repeatable. (6) A set of high performance parallel counter circuits are utilized in the design.
Successful storage of RBCs for 10 weeks in a new additive solution (2000)

RBCs suspended in 300 mL of EAS 64 can be stored satisfactorily for 10 weeks. Longer RBC storage should reduce outdating, increase availability of transfusions in remote locations, and improve the efficiency of autologous donor programs.
Adenovirus Serotype 5 Neutralizing Antibodies Target both Hexon and Fiber following Vaccination and Natural Infection (2011)

The immunogenicity of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors has been shown to be suppressed by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) directed primarily against the hexon hypervariable regions (HVRs). However, the role of NAbs directed against other capsid components, particularly the adenovirus fiber, remains unclear. Here we show that Ad5 NAbs target both hexon and fiber following vaccination and natural infection. Utilizing neutralization assays with capsid chimeric vectors, we observed that NAb responses to hexon appeared dominant and NAb responses against fiber were subdominant in sera from vaccinated mice, vaccinated humans, and naturally exposed humans. A novel chimeric Ad5 vector in which both the hexon HVRs and the fiber knob were exchanged nearly completely evaded Ad5-specific NAbs both in vitro and in vivo.
Visual analytics of large multidimensional data using variable binned scatter plots (2009)

The scatter plot is a well-known method of visualizing pairs of two-dimensional continuous variables. Multidimensional data can be depicted in a scatter plot matrix. They are intuitive and easy-to-use, but often have a high degree of overlap which may occlude a significant portion of data. In this paper, we propose variable binned scatter plots to allow the visualization of large amounts of data without overlapping. The basic idea is to use a non-uniform (variable) binning of the x and y dimensions and plots all the data points that fall within each bin into corresponding squares. Further, we map a third attribute to color for visualizing data distribution and clustering. Analysts are able to interact with individual data points for record level information. We have applied these techniques to solve real-world problems on credit card fraud and data center energy consumption to visualize their data distribution and cause-effect among multiple attributes. A comparison of our methods with two recent well-known variants of scatter plots is included.
Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Affects Soybean Spectral Reflectance (2015)

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the most economically important insect pest of soybean in the north central United States. Scouting-based integrated pest management (IPM) programs could become more efficient and more widely adopted by using plant spectral reflectance to estimate soybean aphid injury. Our objective was to determine whether plant spectral reflectance is affected by soybean aphid feeding. Field trials were conducted in 2013 and 2014 using caged plots. Early-, late-, and noninfested treatments were established to create a gradient of soybean aphid pressure. Whole-plant soybean aphid densities were recorded weekly. Measurements of plant spectral reflectance occurred on two sample dates per year. Simple linear regression models were used to test the effect of cumulative aphid-days (CAD) on plant spectral reflectance at 680 nm (RED) and 800 nm (NIR), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and relative chlorophyll content. Data indicated that CAD had no effect on canopy-level RED reflectance, but CAD decreased canopy-level NIR reflectance and NDVI. Canopy- and leaf-level measurements typically indicated similar plant spectral response to increasing CAD. CAD generally had no effect on relative chlorophyll content. The present study provides the first documentation that remote sensing holds potential for detecting changes in plant spectral reflectance induced by soybean aphid. The use of plant spectral reflectance in soybean aphid management may assist future IPM programs to reduce sampling costs and prevent prophylactic insecticide sprays.
Active skin cooling in conjunction with laser dermatologic surgery (2000)

The clinical objective in the laser treatment of patients with specific dermatoses is to maximize thermal damage to the target chromophore while minimizing injury to the normal skin. Unfortunately, for some lesions, the threshold incident light dosage for epidermal injury can be very close to the threshold for permanent removal of the target chromophore, thus precluding the use of higher light dosages. An important method of overcoming the aforementioned problem is to selectively cool the most superficial layers of the skin. Although melanin absorption will result in heat production during laser exposure, cooling the epidermis can prevent its temperature elevation from exceeding the threshold for thermal injury. Spatially selective cooling can be achieved by active cooling using a cryogen spray or cold sapphire contact handpieces. These devices promote rapid and spatially selective epidermal cooling to low temperatures without affecting the target chromophore temperature before the laser pulse is delivered. Cooling has become an Integral part in the emerging discipline of laser dermatologic surgery. Attend almost any academic dermatology conference and you are likely to find many lectures that relate to cooling during dermatologic laser surgery. Although cooling in conjunction with laser therapy has become the clinical standard for many laser procedures, considerable controversy surrounds this methodology. We present herewith an overview of currently used techniques for active cooling of human skin and explore their advantages and disadvantages in relationship to specific dermatoses amenable to laser therapy.
Series AC Arc Fault Detection Using Only Voltage Waveforms (2019)

This research generates series AC arc faults and then detects them using voltage waveforms instead of the traditional current waveforms. The detection algorithm analyzes a unique symmetric energy profile generated by the arc fault. The experimental results demonstrate that the harmonics generated by an arc fault's ignition and extinction can be sensed by voltage measurements at the voltage source where the arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI) are located.
Corona discharge supersonic free-jet for III–V nitride growth via A 3Σu+ metastable nitrogen molecules (2001)

A corona discharge supersonic free-jet is shown to be a nearly pure source of A 3Σu+ metastable molecular nitrogen, an electronically excited and chemically active form of N2 that is ideally suited to nitride semiconductor growth. Optical emission spectroscopy at various distances downstream of the supersonic nozzle reveals a cascade through the excited state manifold of N2 triplet states to populate the A 3Σu+ state. Appearance potential spectroscopy (mass spectrometer electron bombardment ionization yield, measured as a function of electron impact energy) delivers the composition of the terminal molecular beam. A 3Σu+ molecules are the dominant activated species in the beam, which otherwise contains only nonreactive X 1Σg+ ground state nitrogen molecules plus a minor amount of S04 nitrogen atoms. Up to 1.56% number fraction of the beam is A 3Σu+, providing 1.0×1017 metastables sr−1 s−1.
Language level checkpointing support for stream processing applications (2009)

Many streaming applications demand continuous processing of live data with little or no downtime, therefore, making high-availability a crucial operational requirement. Fault tolerance techniques are generally expensive and when directly applied to streaming systems with stringent throughput and latency requirements, they might incur a prohibitive performance overhead. This paper describes a flexible, light-weight fault tolerance solution in the context of the SPADE language and the System S distributed stream processing engine. We devised language extensions so users can define and parameterize check-point policies easily. This configurable fault tolerance solution is implemented through code generation in SPADE, which reduces the overall application fault tolerance costs by incurring them only for the parts of the application that require it. In this paper we focus on the overall design of our checkpoint mechanism and we also describe an incremental checkpointing algorithm that is suitable for on-the-fly processing of high-rate data streams.
Association of the human kainate receptor <i>GluR7</i> gene (<i>GRIK3</i>) with recurrent major depressive disorder (2006)

The etiology of mood disorders remains elusive, despite our increasing understanding of the neurotransmitter systems and brain regions that are involved. We performed a large family-based association study to test if the human kainate receptor GluR7 gene (GRIK3) is associated with bipolar disorder (BP) or recurrent major depressive disorder (R-MDD). One hundred fifty-three multiplex BP families from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Genetics Initiative on Bipolar Disorder were analyzed with the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). We detected a significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) indicated by preferential maternal transmission of the GluR7 S310 allele to R-MDD patients (P = 0.012), but not to bipolar I disorder (BPI) patients (P = 1.00). We performed a second independent study by applying the TDT in 81 parent-offspring triads from families that inherit recurrent early-onset major depressive disorder (RE-MDD). The results from this second study showed only a suggestive maternal association (P = 0.068). Our findings imply that the GluR7 gene is a susceptibility factor in R-MDD and that the glutamatergic receptor system plays a critical role in the disease etiology.