gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of Genes That Harbor a Common Regulatory Element in <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> upon Contact with Target Cells (2003)

The expression of several genes in Neisseria meningitidis upon contact with epithelial cells was associated with the presence of the contact regulatory elements of NEISSERIA: These genes are involved in various aspects of meningococcal biology and could be coordinately regulated upon contact with target cells.
Lightning (2018)

Lightning is a major natural hazard to power companies, civil aviation, wildfire managers, and the public. Lightning results in great economic damage and death every year, but lightning also tells us about the inner working of thunderstorms. Since lightning can be monitored in real time from great distances, lightning may allow us to provide early warnings for other meteorological hazards such as hail storms, flash floods, tornadoes and even hurricanes.
Well-ordered arrays of pyramid-shaped ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanostructures (2003)

Monolayers of monodisperse latex spheres of micron size were used as deposition masks to fabricate arrays of ferroelectric nanostructures by pulsed laser deposition using a BaTiO3 target. First, arrays of well-ordered structures were prepared on SrTiO3:Nb (100) single-crystal substrates at room temperature. Investigations of these isolated as-deposited nanostructures by atomic force microscopy revealed that they have a pyramid-like shape with about 200 nm lateral size at half their height and form a regular hexagonal pattern. Then postdeposition annealing was used to crystallize the nanostructures. The ferroelectric properties of the crystalline structures were investigated by scanning force microscopy in piezoresponse mode. Piezoelectric hysteresis loops were recorded, demonstrating that the barium titanate nanopyramids have a remanent polarization and are switchable by an electric field, i.e., they are indeed ferroelectric.
오픈소스운동(Open Source Movement)이 정부운영 패러다임에 미치는 영향 (2010)

21세기가 진전되고, 새로운 시대가 도래하기 보다는 오히려 세계금융위기, 국제질서의 혼란스러운 재편 등으로 새로운 밀레니움에 대한 희망은 사라지고 있다. 이러한 원인에 대해서 다양한 접근이 가능하지만 본 논문에서는 새로운 문화의 패러다임이 정착하지 못했기 때문이라고 진단한다. 그러나 정보기술의 발전에 대응해 한국은 어느 나라보다 앞서서 전자정부법을 제정했으며, 노무현대통령은 홈페이지 게시판을 통한 노사모활동에 힘입어 만들어진 것이라는 주장이 설득력이 있는 등, 이처럼 정치행정의 발전에 정보기술의 영향이 큼에도 불구하고 왜 사회변화가 이루어지지 않느냐는 것이다. 왜 사회를 변화시키는 소셜미디어가 한국에서는 만들어지지 않는냐는 것이다. 문제는 문화가 기술을 만들어내는데 크게 기여하고 그러한 기술일수록 사회적 확산속도가 크다는 것이며, 동시에 기술을 다양한 사회적 목적에 맞도록 변용도 쉽게 이루어진다는 것이다. 기술은 모방이 아니라 창조의 산물인 것이다. 따라서 서구의 행정혁신은 이러한 문화적 특성을 바탕으로 하고 있기 때문에 역사적 근원으로써, 오픈소스운동의 선국적 역할을 한 해커문화의 특성을 밝혀내고, 이들이 만든 다양한 소셜 소프트웨어들이 사회변화와 문제해결에 적극적으로 활용되고 있음과 함께 이러한 기술적 요인들이 오바마 미국행정부의 등장과 함께 나타난“공개, 참여, 협업”이라는 새로운 행정패러다임의 수용을 요구하고 있음을 살펴보면서, 한국역시 이러한 새로운 변화를 수용하기 위해서 우리 사회와 행정문화에 근본적인 변혁이 필요함을 강조하고 있다.
[Study on toxic effects of toluene on primary cultured hippocampus neurons]. (2004)

Toluene was toxic to the neurons after being administered in vitro, which might be ascribed to higher lipid solubility of toluene and it's ability to increase calcium influx, the latter facilitating apoptosis.
Designing Display Pixel Layouts for Under-Panel Cameras (2021)

Under-panel cameras provide an intriguing way to maximize the display area for a mobile device. An under-panel camera images a scene via the openings in the display panel; hence, a captured photograph is noisy as well as endowed with a large diffractive blur as the display acts as an aperture on the lens. Unfortunately, the pattern of openings commonly found in current LED displays are not conducive to high-quality deblurring. This paper redesigns the layout of openings in the display to engineer a blur kernel that is robustly invertible in the presence of noise. We first provide a basic analysis using Fourier optics that indicates that the nature of the blur is critically affected by the periodicity of the display openings as well as the shape of the opening at each individual display pixel. Armed with this insight, we provide a suite of modifications to the pixel layout that promote the invertibility of the blur kernels. We evaluate the proposed layouts with photomasks placed in front of a cellphone camera, thereby emulating an under-panel camera. A key takeaway is that optimizing the display layout does indeed produce significant improvements.
Wnt-1 Induces Growth, Cytosolic β-Catenin, and Tcf/Lef Transcriptional Activation in Rat-1 Fibroblasts (1998)

Genetic evidence suggests that regulation of beta-catenin and regulation of Tcf/Lef family transcription factors are downstream events of the Wnt signal transduction pathway. However, a direct link between Wnt activity and Tcf/Lef transcriptional activation has yet to be established. In this study, we show that Wnt-1 induces a growth response in a cultured mammalian cell line, Rat-1 fibroblasts. Wnt-1 induces serum-independent cellular proliferation of Rat-1 fibroblasts and changes in morphology. Rat-1 cells stably expressing Wnt-1 (Rat-1/Wnt-1) show a constitutive up-regulation of cytosolic beta-catenin, while membrane-associated beta-catenin remains unaffected. Induction of cytosolic beta-catenin in Rat-1/Wnt-1 cells is correlated with activation of a Tcf-responsive transcriptional element. We thus provide evidence that Wnt-1 induces Tcf/Lef transcriptional activation in a mammalian system. Expression of a mutant beta-catenin (beta-CatS37A) in Rat-1 cells does not result in a proliferative response or a detectable change in the cytosolic beta-catenin protein level. However, beta-CatS37A expression in Rat-1 cells results in strong Tcf/Lef transcriptional activation, comparable to that seen in Wnt-1-expressing cells. These results suggest that Wnt-1 induction of cytosolic beta-catenin may have functions in addition to Tcf/Lef transcriptional activation.
The Half-Width Microstrip Leaky Wave Antenna With the Periodic Short Circuits (2011)

A half-width microstrip leaky wave antenna (LWA) with periodic short circuits is presented. The backward-to-forward beam-scanning capability is achieved by periodic construction. The proposed antenna consists of a long rectangular patch with the short circuits that are placed with a series of shorting pins between the antenna patch and the ground plane periodically. The measurement results show that the main lobe scans electronically from 144 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> to 41 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> in H-plane ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> plane) toward endfire (+ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> direction) with an open stopband when the operating frequency is increased from 4.4 GHz to 8.8 GHz.
An Algorithm and Demand Estimation Procedure for Retail Assortment Optimization (2009)

We consider the problem of choosing, from a set of N potential SKUs in a retail category, K SKUs to be carried at each store so as to maximize revenue or profit. Assortments can vary by store, subject to a maximum number of dierent assortments. We introduce a model of substitution behavior, in case a customer’s first choice is unavailable and consider the impact of substitution in choosing assortments for the retail chain. We view a SKU as a set of attribute levels, apply maximum likelihood estimation to sales history of the SKUs currently carried by the retailer to estimate the demand for attribute levels and substitution probabilities, and from this, the demand for any potential SKU, including those not currently carried by the retailer. We specify several alternative heuristics for choosing SKUs. We apply this approach to optimize assortments for three real examples: snack cakes, tires and automotive appearance chemicals. A portion of our recommendations for tires and appearance chemicals were implemented and produced sales increases of 5.8% and 3.6% respectively, which are significant improvements relative to typical retailer annual comparable store revenue increases. We also forecast sales shares of 1, 11 and 25 new SKUs, for the snack cakes, tires and automotive appearance chemicals applications, respectively with MAPEs of 16.2%, 19.1% and 28.7%.
Privacy preserving delegated access control in the storage as a service model (2012)

Current approaches for enforcing fine-grained access control and confidentiality to sensitive data hosted in the cloud are based on selectively encrypting the data before uploading it to the cloud. In such an approach, organizations have to enforce authorization policies through encryption. They thus incur high communication and computation cost to manage keys and encryptions whenever user credentials or organizational authorization policies change. Ideally, organizations should use encryption only in order to hide the data from the cloud, whereas the cloud should be in charge of enforcing authorization policies on the hidden data in order to minimize the overhead at organizations. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for delegating privacy-preserving fine-grained access enforcement to the cloud. Our approach is based on a recent key management scheme that allows users whose attributes satisfy a certain policy to derive the data encryption keys only for the content they are allowed to access from the cloud. Our approach preserves the confidentiality of the data and the user privacy from the cloud, while delegating most of the access control enforcement to the cloud. Further, in order to reduce the cost of re-encryption required whenever the access control policies changes, our approach uses incremental encryption techniques.
Preferences for Hypnotic Imagery for Hot-Flash Reduction:<i>A Brief Communication</i> (2010)

The purpose of this brief report is to identify imagery preferences of women receiving hypnotherapy to alleviate hot flashes. As part of a larger study, 51 breast cancer survivors were asked to identify their own personal preferences for imagery for reducing hot flashes. Most of the participants identified personal imagery associated with coolness; none of the participants selected imagery for warmth or heat. The most widely used was imagery involving water associated with coolness (27.0%). It is recommended that clinicians using hypnosis for reduction of hot flashes attend to patients' preferences as specific imagery may moderate the effectiveness of hypnosis for hot flashes.
Polyurethane/Zinc Oxide (PU/ZnO) Composite—Synthesis, Protective Property and Application (2020)

A polyurethane (PU) is a multifunctional polymer prepared by using more than two types of monomers. The unique properties of PU come from monomers, thus broadening the applicability of PU in many different sectors. The properties can be further improved by using many nanoparticles. Different metal oxides as nanoparticles are also widely used in PU materials. ZnO is a widely used inorganic metal oxide nanoparticle for improving polymer properties. In this review article, the techniques to prepare a PU/ZnO composite are reviewed; the key protective properties, such as adhesive strength and self-healing, and applications of PU/ZnO composites are also highlighted. This review also highlights the PU/ZnO composite's current challenges and future prospects, which will help to broaden the composite practical application by preparing environmentally friendly composites.
A Streaming Parallel Decision Tree Algorithm (2010)

A new algorithm for building decision tree classifiers is proposed. The algorithm is executed in a distributed environment and is especially designed for classifying large datasets and streaming data. It is empirically shown to be as accurate as standard decision tree classifiers, while being scalable to infinite streaming data and multiple processors. 1.
III. RECOGNITION OF THE ‘SURFACE‐SIMULATION’ SYNTHETIC ANTIGENIC STIES (1984)

In previous studies from this laboratory the antigenic sites of lysozyme were found to be composed of spatially adjacent surface residues that are mostly distant in sequence (i.e. discontinuous sites). For synthetic mimicking of the sites, we introduced the concept of 'surface-simulation' synthesis by which the binding site residues are linked directly via peptide bonds with appropriate spacing and directionality into a single peptide which does not exist in the protein but mimics a surface region of it. In the present report T cell recognition of the surface-simulation synthetic antigenic sites has been explored in a mouse strain, B10.BR, that is a high responder to lysozyme. The discontinuous antigenic sites of lysozyme also had the capacity to stimulate proliferation of T cells driven by native lysozyme in long-term cultures. Thus, in addition to the four continuous T sites that we have recently reported, T cell recognition of lysozyme also involves discontinuous sites. This is the first clear demonstration that, contrary to a long-held impression, T cell recognition is not restricted only to sequence features, but can also be directed to protein discontinuous surface areas of high conformational dependency.
An Application of a Combined Charging System on Turbocharged Diesel Engine (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">To improve the low-speed torque characteristics and the fuel economy and to reduce the exhaust gaseous emissions from a 10-liter, turbocharged diesel engines, charge air cooling with a resonant intake system has been introduced.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of an air-to-air intercooler mounted in front of the radiator results in increasing the change air density and the resonant intake system offers high volumetric charging efficiencies at low-speed region.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Actual engine data show an increase in power of 14 percent, the improvement of specific fuel consumption by 3-7 percent and a decrease in NOx emissions by 33 percent.</div>
Cavity-enhanced ultrafast spectroscopy: ultrafast meets ultrasensitive (2016)

We present a new technique using a frequency comb laser and optical cavities for performing ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with improved sensitivity. Resonantly enhancing the probe pulses, we demonstrate a sensitivity of $\Delta$OD $ = 1 \times 10^{-9}/\sqrt{\mbox{Hz}}$ for averaging times as long as 30 s per delay point ($\Delta$OD$_{min} = 2 \times 10^{-10}$). Resonantly enhancing the pump pulses allows us to produce a high excitation fraction at high repetition-rate, so that signals can be recorded from samples with optical densities as low as OD $\approx 10^{-8}$, or column densities $< 10^{10}$ molecules/cm$^2$. This high sensitivity enables new directions for ultrafast spectroscopy.
A method of multi-view vehicle license plates location based on rectangle features (2006)

In this paper, a method of image processing for multi-view vehicle license plates location, which is able to process images rapidly and achieve high recognition rates even when images are fairly complex, in poor illumination, and noise, is discussed. This method includes two steps. The first step is to locate the regions of license plates; the second is a transform for each valid area to form an upright image. This paper is distinguished by one key contribution, which is used to find the contour of each valid area including four vertexes, four lines and several characters by using simple rectangle features selected by the AdaBoost algorithm. The other contribution of this work is that a transform based on nonlinear distortion model that is applied to each located license plate to form an upright image convenient for recognition
A maternal blood‐borne factor promotes survival of the developing thalamus (2004)

In this report, we describe the identification of a polypeptide survival-promoting factor that is produced by maternal and early postnatal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the immune system in Long-Evans rats and humans. The factor, termed Y-P30, most likely arises from proteolytic processing of a larger precursor protein and accumulates mainly in pyramidal neurons of the developing cortex and hippocampus but not in astrocytes. It was released from neurons grown in culture and substantially promotes survival of cells in explant monocultures of perinatal thalamus from the offspring. Y-P30 mRNA was not detectable in infant or adult brain and was present only in blood cells of pregnant rats and humans but not in nonpregnant controls. However, Y-P30 transcription could be induced in PBMCs of adult animals by a central nervous system lesion (i.e., optic nerve crush), which points to a potential role of the factor not only in neuronal development but also in neuroinflammation after white matter injury.
Optical continuum generation on a silicon chip (2005)

Although the Raman effect is nearly two orders of magnitude stronger than the electronic Kerr nonlinearity in silicon, under pulsed operation regime where the pulse width is shorter than the phonon response time, Raman effect is suppressed and Kerr nonlinearity dominates. Continuum generation, made possible by the non-resonant Kerr nonlinearity, offers a technologically and economically appealing path to WDM communication at the inter-chip or intra-chip levels. We have studied this phenomenon experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, a 2 fold spectral broadening is obtained by launching ~4ps optical pulses with 2.2GW/cm<sup>2</sup> peak power into a conventional silicon waveguide. Theoretical calculations, that include the effect of two-photon-absorption, free carrier absorption and refractive index change indicate that up to >30 times spectral broadening is achievable in an optimized device. The broadening is due to self phase modulation and saturates due to two photon absorption. Additionally, we find that free carrier dynamics also contributes to the spectral broadening and cause the overall spectrum to be asymmetric with respect to the pump wavelength.
Highly Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution of Propargylic Acetates with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds (2013)

A chiral tridentate ketimine P,N,N-ligand has been successfully applied in the copper-catalyzed enantioselective propargylic substitution of propargylic acetates with a variety of β-dicarbonyl compounds, in which excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) and high yields have been obtained.
The Leukocyte Protein L1 in Plasma and Synovial Fluid from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis (1991)

L1 is a major granulocyte and monocyte protein, released during activation and turnover of such cells. Blood and synovial fluid (SF) from 41 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 6 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), were analyzed for L1 and the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and albumin as well as for differential leukocyte count. L1 levels in plasma and SF showed highly significant differences (p less than 0.0001), between the RA and OA patients. All the OA patients had normal plasma concentrations of L1 and low concentrations of L1 in SF. All the RA patients had elevated plasma levels of L1 and high L1 concentrations in SF. In the RA patients, the ratios between the protein concentrations in SF and blood were 3.29 for L1 and less than or equal to 0.64 for the acute phase proteins. In the SF, the L1 levels did not correlate with the monocyte count, while a low, positive correlation was found between L1 and the granulocyte count. The high L1 concentrations observed in SF from RA patients probably reflected an increased turnover of leukocytes in the inflamed joints. In SF from RA patients, high L1 concentrations were found in joints with a high amount of swelling. The present study suggests that L1 may represent a marker of both local and systemic inflammation.
Adsorption and Activation of CO<sub>2</sub> by Amine-Modified Nanoporous Materials Studied by Solid-State NMR and <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption (2011)

The interaction of gaseous CO2 with the surface of amine-modified nanoporous clays has been studied. CO2 adsorption and adsorption microcalorimetry revealed high adsorption capacity and strong interaction with the surface at low pressures, due to the presence of amine groups. Considerable surface heterogeneity and high initial adsorption heat (125 kJ mol−1) have been observed, although the adsorption was reversible with hysteresis at low pressures and very slow desorption kinetics. Interaction between 13CO2 and the surface of the nanoporous clay materials has been investigated by 13C and 15N magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. 13C NMR resonances at ca. 164 and 160 ppm have been assigned to, respectively, carbamate and carbamic acid, and the stability of these species have been studied. Peak areas and the amount of 13CO2 adsorbed allowed the determination of the concentration of carbamate and carbamic acid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that solid-state NMR is used to clearly establish the formation of amine-CO2 bonding at the surface of amine-modified nanoporous materials and to identify the nature of the species formed. The results presented here shed light on the mechanism of CO2 activation, since the CO2 adsorption on the surface of such materials is the activation step that allows further reactions to occur. The instability of the carbamate and carbamic acid species formed on the surface is important in explaining the reactivity of these intermediates and supports the possible application of these materials in CO2 activation.
Responses of apple summer cuttings to severity of stockplant pruning and to stem blanching (1985)

SummaryReasons for relatively free-rooting of shoots on stoolbeds compared to less-ready rooting of cuttings obtained from hedges were investigated. Leafy cuttings of apple rootstock M.9 and the easier-to-propagate MM.106 rooted better under mist when obtained from ultra- severely pruned stockplants in the form of non-earthed stools, than from conventional hedges with a permanent framework of c. 1 m. Reducing hedges to about half their normal height led to intermediate rooting, as did obtaining the cuttings from the trunks rather than the tops of bushes. Improved rooting was expressed as either an increased rooting percentage or more roots per rooted cutting. When the combination of rootstock, pruning level and propagation duration caused neither extremely high nor very low rooting, a positive response was obtained to blanching the stem bases by excluding light, as occurs when soil is placed around the stems of stool shoots. Black adhesive tape was most effective experimentally for blanching, but responses were also obtained to a loose collar of black polyethylene clipped around the stem, which excluded most light without acting as a barrier to gas or water vapour exchange between the atmosphere and the treated section of stem. The addition of wet cotton wool beneath the black adhesive tape was of little importance in promoting rooting.
Iron-Catalyzed Homo-Coupling of Simple and Functionalized Arylmagnesium Reagents (2005)

Iron-catalyzed homo-coupling of simple and functionalized arylmagnesium reagents is described. The reaction is highly chemoselective (CN, COOEt and NO(2) groups are tolerated). The procedure was used to perform intramolecular couplings. This cyclization reaction is the key step of the total synthesis of the N-methylcrinasiadine.