gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient CO2 sorbents based on silica foam with ultra-large mesopores (2012)

A series of high-capacity, amine impregnated sorbents based on a cost-effective silica foam with ultra-large mesopores is reported. The sorbents exhibit fast CO2 capture kinetics, high adsorption capacity (of up to 5.8 mmol g−1 under 1 atm of dry CO2), as well as good stability over multiple adsorption–desorption cycles. A simple theoretical analysis is provided relating the support structure to sorbent performance.
Pseudomonas exotoxin A: toxoid preparation by photoaffinity inactivation. (1983)

A method for toxoid preparation has been developed in which toxins expressing enzymatic activity can be detoxified by photoaffinity labeling techniques. In the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, the method relies on the affinity of azido-substituted analogs of the substrate (NAD) for the proenzyme form of the toxin. Photolysis of the putative toxin-analog complex results in irreversible inactivation of the toxin without loss of antigenic character. It is proposed that this occurs by nitrene insertion into a chemical bond on the toxin molecule. This affinity photoinactivation process should be applicable to other ADP-ribosylating toxins.
A sensor-fusion system to detect, track, and identify people in realistic scenarios (2010)

For tomorrow's smart and assistive environments to fully realize, it will be of fundamental importance to be able to obtain the location of people in an environment, as well as their evolution in time—sometimes even across large sensing gaps. And so, the ultimate goal is to obtain a cheap, scalable solution for person-detection and tracking for use in long-term real-world scenarios. 
In this work I present a system that takes a step in that direction. After a comprehensive review of existing human sensing approaches, I reason that the best multi-sensor configuration to solve this problem robustly and cost-effectively consists of cameras and inertial sensors. The proposed system localizes people using the existing infrastructure of CCTV cameras. People can, then, opt-in on being tracked and identified by carrying a mobile phone equipped with a custom software client. Using the inertial sensors on the phone, the client calculates and transmits a motion signature which is then compared with the motion hypotheses observed with the camera network. When a match is found, people are identified. The final solution is lightweight enough to potentially execute in real time on existing sensor nodes, thus providing a compact, cheap, and effective human-sensing solution. The system is evaluated through extensive simulations as well as a number of experiments.
Optically addressed liquid crystal phase only modulating spatial light modulator (1993)

In the optical information processing such as remote sensing, optical communication and optical computing, numerous optical systems such as adaptive optics have been studied to retrieve the phase information assosiated with the information transmission.
Cold selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide for flue gas applications (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCold selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide for flue gas applicationsJ. P. Chen, R. T. Yang, M. A. Buzanowski, and J. E. CichanowiczCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 7, 1431–1435Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00103a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00103a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temporal coherence and time-frequency distributions in spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (2007)

Traditional analysis of spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) signals is limited by an uncertainty relationship between time (depth) and frequency (wavelength). The use of a bilinear time-frequency distribution for analysis, such as those that compose Cohen's class of functions, may provide a way to avoid this limitation. Here we present the relationship between traditional SOCT analysis and the relevant Cohen class functions: the Wigner and Choi-Williams distributions. While cross terms that arise in these bilinear time-frequency distributions have been viewed as an artifact, here we identify these terms with temporal coherence, which contains significant information about the signal through phase relationships. The utility of time-frequency distributions is illustrated through analysis of calculated signals.
Polymerization of L-Aspartic Acid to Polysuccinimide and Copoly(Succinimide-Aspartate) in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2005)

We have prepared two polymeric materials from L-aspartic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide, polysuccinimide and copoly(succinimide-aspartate). The polysuccinimide was characterized by JR spectroscopy and GPC analysis. The copoly(succinimide-aspartate) product was also characterized by titrometric analysis. These natural materials may prove useful in reducing our dependence on petroleum products.
Fall on Backpack: Damage Minimizing Humanoid Fall on Targeted Body Segment Using Momentum Control (2011)

Safety and robustness will become critical issues when humanoid robots start sharing human environments in the future. In physically interactive human environments, a catastrophic fall is the main threat to safety and smooth operation of humanoid robots, and thus it is critical to explore how to manage an unavoidable fall of humanoids. This paper deals with the problem of reducing the impact damage to a robot associated with a fall. A common approach is to employ damage-resistant design and apply impact-absorbing material to robot limbs, such as the backpack and knee, that are particularly prone to fall related impacts. In this paper, we select the backpack to be the most preferred body segment to experience an impact. We proceed to propose a control strategy that attempts to re-orient the robot during the fall such that it impacts the ground with its backpack. We show that the robot can fall on the backpack even when it starts falling sideways. This is achieved by utilizing dynamic coupling, i.e., by rotating the swing leg aiming to generate spin rotation of the trunk (backpack), and by rotating the trunk backward to drive the trunk to touch down with the backpack. The planning and control algorithms for fall are demonstrated in simulation.
Automated grading of breast cancer histopathology using spectral clusteringwith textural and architectural image features (2008)

In this paper we present a novel image analysis methodology for automatically distinguishing low and high grades of breast cancer from digitized histopathology. A set of over 3,400 image features, including textural and nuclear architecture based features, are extracted from a database of 48 breast biopsy tissue studies (30 cancerous and 18 benign images). Spectral clustering is used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature set. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used (1) to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous images, and (2) to distinguish between images containing low and high grades of cancer. Classification is repeated using different subsets of features to compare their performance. The system achieves a 95.8% accuracy in distinguishing cancer from non-cancer using texture-based characteristics (Gabor filter features), and 93.3% accuracy in distinguishing high from low grades of cancer using architectural features. In addition, we investigate the underlying manifold structure on which the different grades of breast cancer lie as revealed through spectral clustering. The manifold shows a smooth spatial transition from low to high grade breast cancer.
Electrowetting prism for scanning in two-photon microscopy (2018)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text O. D. Supekar, B. N. Ozbay, M. Zohrabi, P. D. Nystrom, G. L. Futia, D. Restrepo, E. A. Gibson, J. T. Gopinath, and V. M. Bright, "Electrowetting prism for scanning in two-photon microscopy," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2018), paper SW4J.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
tRNA determinants for transcription antitermination of the Bacillus subtilis tyrS gene (2000)

Transcriptional regulation of the T box family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and amino acid biosynthesis genes in Gram-positive bacteria is mediated by a conserved transcription antitermination system, in which readthrough of a termination site in the leader region of the mRNA is directed by a specific interaction with the cognate uncharged tRNA. The specificity of this interaction is determined in part by pairing of the anticodon of the tRNA with a "specifier sequence" in the leader, a codon representing the appropriate amino acid, as well as by pairing of the acceptor end of the tRNA with an unpaired region of the antiterminator. Previous studies have indicated that although these interactions are necessary for antitermination, they are unlikely to be sufficient. In the current study, the effect of multiple mutations in tRNA(Tyr) on readthrough of the tyrS leader region terminator, independent of other tRNA functions, was assessed using a system for in vivo expression of pools of tRNA variants; this system may be generally useful for in vivo expression of RNAs with defined end points. Although alterations in helical regions of tRNA(Tyr) that did not perturb base pairing were generally permitted, substitutions affecting conserved features of tRNAs were not. The long variable arm of tRNA(Tyr) could be replaced by either a short variable arm or a long insertion of a stable stem-loop structure. These results indicate that the tRNA-leader RNA interaction is highly constrained, and is likely to involve recognition of the overall tertiary structure of the tRNA.
Poly(2‐imidazolin‐5‐ones)—A new class of heterocyclic polymers (1986)

Abstract The reaction of bisazlactones (2‐oxazolin‐5‐ones) with primary diamines containing additional secondary or tertiary amine functionality (e.g., diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or N ‐methyliminobispropylamine) readily produces polyamides which serve as precursors to a new class of heterocyclic polymers. Thermal cyclodehydration takes place under relatively mild conditions (180–200°C) to produce water‐soluble polymers containing the 2‐imidazolin‐5‐one heterocycle. Model reactions have been studied to verify this mode of cyclization and confirm the proposed polymer structure.
Imaging the sea surface using a dual‐sensor towed streamer (2009)

The conventional assumption of a flat sea surface when processing data can lead to misinterpretations and mislocations of events. However, dual‐sensor measurements have the potential to both image the sea‐surface variation and estimate the air‐water reflection coefficients above the streamer. A new method for imaging the sea‐surface from decomposed wavefields is introduced. The imaging principle is demonstrated and the image accuracy is tested on controlled and field data. The field data is a marginal weather line from the North‐Sea.
Arginine starvation-associated atypical cellular death involves mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear DNA leakage, and chromatin autophagy (2014)

Autophagy is the principal catabolic prosurvival pathway during nutritional starvation. However, excessive autophagy could be cytotoxic, contributing to cell death, but its mechanism remains elusive. Arginine starvation has emerged as a potential therapy for several types of cancers, owing to their tumor-selective deficiency of the arginine metabolism. We demonstrated here that arginine depletion by arginine deiminase induces a cytotoxic autophagy in argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1)-deficient prostate cancer cells. Advanced microscopic analyses of arginine-deprived dying cells revealed a novel phenotype with giant autophagosome formation, nucleus membrane rupture, and histone-associated DNA leakage encaptured by autophagosomes, which we shall refer to as chromatin autophagy, or chromatophagy. In addition, nuclear inner membrane (lamin A/C) underwent localized rearrangement and outer membrane (NUP98) partially fused with autophagosome membrane. Further analysis showed that prolonged arginine depletion impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly increased in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, presumably leading to DNA damage accumulation. Addition of ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine or knockdown of ATG5 or BECLIN1 attenuated the chromatophagy phenotype. Our data uncover an atypical autophagy-related death pathway and suggest that mitochondrial damage is central to linking arginine starvation and chromatophagy in two distinct cellular compartments.
Nano Logic Circuits with Spin Wave Bus (2006)

We propose and analyze logic circuits utilizing spin waves as a physical mechanism for information transmission and processing. The novelty of this approach is that information transmission is accomplished without charge transfer. A bit of information is encoded into the phase of spin wave propagating in a ferromagnetic film - spin wave bus. The communication between the spin wave bus and outer devices is performed in a wireless manner via a magnetic field. We describe an example of logic device using high frequency transmission lines to excite and detect spin waves. The performance is illustrated by numerical modeling based on the experimental data for spin wave excitation and propagation in NiFe film. We also propose an original scheme for output signal amplification based on the effect of hole-mediated ferromagnetism. Potentially, logic circuits with spin wave bus may be beneficial in terms of power consumption and resolve the interconnect problem. Another expected benefit is in the enhanced logic functionality. It is possible to achieve all advantages of the phase logic using spin waves for information processing. The shortcomings and limitations of circuits with spin wave bus are discussed
Novel Methods for Sensing Acoustical Emissions From the Knee for Wearable Joint Health Assessment (2016)

These proposed methods have the potential for enabling knee joint acoustics measurement outside the clinic/lab and permitting long-term monitoring of knee health for patients rehabilitating an acute knee joint injury.
Plane-Wave Reflection Coefficients for Gas Sands at Nonnormal Angles of Incidence (1984)

AbstractThe P-wave reflection coefficient at an interface separating two media is known to vary with angle of incidence. The manner in which it varies is strongly affected by the relative values of Poisson's ratio in the two media. For moderate angles of incidence, the relative change in reflection coefficient is particularly significant when Poisson's ratio differs greatly between the two media. Theory and laboratory measurements indicate that high-porosity gas sands tend to exhibit abnormally low Poisson's ratios. Embedding these low-velocity gas sands into sediments having 'normal' Poisson's ratios should result in an increase in reflected P-wave energy with angle of incidence. This phenomenon has been observed on conventional seismic data recorded over known gas sands.
Electrospun Polycaprolactone 3D Nanofibrous Scaffold with Interconnected and Hierarchically Structured Pores for Bone Tissue Engineering (2015)

For the first time, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D nanofibrous scaffold has been developed by an innovative and convenient approach (i.e., thermally induced nanofiber self-agglomeration followed by freeze drying), and the scaffold possesses interconnected and hierarchically structured pores including macropores with sizes up to ≈300 μm. The novel PCL 3D scaffold is soft and elastic with very high porosity of ≈96.4%, thus it is morphologically/structurally similar to natural extracellular matrix and well suited for cell functions and tissue formation. The in vitro studies reveal that the scaffold can lead to high cell viability; more importantly, it is able to promote more potent BMP2-induced chondrogenic than osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Consistent to the in vitro findings, the in vivo results indicate that the electrospun PCL 3D scaffold acts as a favorable synthetic extracellular matrix for functional bone regeneration through the physiological endochondral ossification process.
Applying proteomics to the diagnosis and treatment of ALS and related diseases (2009)

Protein-based biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other motor neuron diseases (MNDs) have many potential clinical utilities, including diagnostic, prognostic, and drug development indications. During the past decade a number of potential protein biomarkers have been proposed for MNDs. Further verification studies, followed by large validation and qualification studies, are required to advance these initial discoveries toward clinical use. Study of additional patient populations, including disease mimics, is required during the validation phase of biomarker development. Important regulatory issues are discussed that will affect the timing and strategy for biomarker assay development in ALS and other MNDs. The continued development of protein biomarkers for MNDs requires extensive collaboration between academic clinicians and scientists in conjunction with the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
Phenomenological modeling of memristive devices (2015)

We present a computationally inexpensive yet accurate phenomenological model of memristive behavior in titanium dioxide devices by fitting experimental data. By design, the model predicts most accurately I–V relation at small non-disturbing electrical stresses, which is often the most critical range of operation for circuit modeling. While the choice of fitting functions is motivated by the switching and conduction mechanisms of particular titanium dioxide devices, the proposed modeling methodology is general enough to be applied to different types of memory devices which feature smooth non-abrupt resistance switching.
GNL-HybELS: An algorithm to classify and identify VOR responses simultaneously (2010)

The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) stabilizes the images of the world on the retinae when the head is in motion. Basic daily activities such as walking or driving depend on the proper functioning of this reflex. For several decades, scientists have developed methods to model and identify this system mathematically. However, traditional methods cannot analyze VOR data comprehensively because they disregard pieces of data (fast phases) which biases estimated reflex dynamics. Here we propose, for the first time, an automated tool to analyze entire VOR responses (slow and fast phases), without apriori classification of nystagmus segments.
Transgenic rats carrying human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogenes are highly susceptible to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea mammary carcinogenesis (2000)

A rat line carrying three copies of the human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene, including its own promoter region, was established and designated Hras128. Expression of the transgene was detected in all organs examined from Hras128 rats by northern blot analysis. To examine its influence on susceptibility to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis, female rats were treated with 50 mg/kg MNU i.v. at 50 days of age. All 22 Hras128 transgenic rats rapidly developed multiple and large mammary carcinomas within as little as 8 weeks after MNU treatment (14.1 tumors/rat, average diameter 16.4 mm). In contrast, 24 non-transgenic littermates developed no or only small tumors (0.46 tumors/rat, average diameter 7.4 mm) within this period. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and direct sequencing for the transduced human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene indicated that 38 out of 44 tumors (86.4%) contained cells with mutations at codon 12 in exon 1. However, the signal densities of the mutated bands observed in the RFLP analyses revealed the presence of mixed populations of mutated and non-mutated cells in the tumors, the latter being in the majority. PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis detected no mutations in codons 12 or 61 of the endogenous rat c-Ha-ras gene of Hras128 rat tumors. The results thus indicate that rats carrying the transduced human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene are highly susceptible to MNU-induced mammary carcinogenesis and that this is not primarily due to mutations of the transgene or endogenous c-Ha-ras gene.
Near-Infrared to Visible Light-Upconversion in Molecules: From Dream to Reality (2013)

Light-upconversion via stepwise energy transfer from a sensitizer to an activator exploits linear optics for converting low-energy infrared or near-infrared incident photons to higher energy emission. This approach is restricted to activators possessing intermediate long-lived excited states such as those found for trivalent lanthanide cations dispersed in solid-state matrices. When the activator is embedded in a molecular complex, efficient nonradiative relaxation processes usually reduce excited state lifetimes to such an extent that upconversion becomes too inefficient to be detected under practical excitation intensities. Theoretical considerations presented here predict that the combination of at least two millisecond time scale sensitizers with a central lanthanide activator in supramolecular complexes circumvents this bottleneck by creating a novel upconversion pathway, in which successive excitations are stored on the sensitizers prior to inducing stepwise energy transfer processes. Application of this concept to the chromium/erbium pair demonstrates that strong-field trivalent chromium chromophores irradiated with near-infrared photons produce upconverted green erbium-centered emission in discrete dinuclear and trinuclear triple-stranded helicates.