gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienal, a principal component of navel orangeworm (Pamyelois transitella) pheromone (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienal, a principal component of navel orangeworm (Pamyelois transitella) pheromoneClyde E. Bishop and Gary W. MorrowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 5, 657–660Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00153a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (577 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Negative absolute conductivity in quantum wires (1993)

The effect of negative absolute conductivity in quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire structures is obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation. This negative conductivity is associated with inelastic optical phonon scattering leading to an asymmetric electron distribution function established under conditions of intensive electron photoinjection. Simulation results suggest that quantum wires are ideal for the experimental observation of negative absolute conductivity. The oscillations of photoconductivity as a function of injection energy can reveal the spectrum of optical phonons in quantum wires which differs considerably from that in bulk materials.
X-ray flat-panel imager (FPI)-based cone-beam volume CT (CBVCT) under a circle-plus-two-arc data acquisition orbit (2001)

The potential of cone beam volume CT (CBVCT) to improve the data acquisition efficiency for volume tomographic imaging is well recognized. A novel x-ray FPI based CBVCT prototype and its preliminary performance evaluation are presented in this paper. To meet the data sufficiency condition, the CBVCT prototype employs a circle-plus-two-arc orbit accomplished by a tiltable circular gantry. A cone beam filtered back-projection (CB-FBP) algorithm is derived for this data acquisition orbit, which employs a window function in the Radon domain to exclude the redundancy between the Radon information obtained from the circular cone beam (CB) data and that from the arc CB data. The number of projection images along the circular sub-orbit and each arc sub-orbit is 512 and 43, respectively. The reconstruction exactness of the prototype x-ray FPI based CBVCT system is evaluated using a disc phantom in which seven acrylic discs are stacked at fixed intervals. Images reconstructed with this algorithm show that both the contrast and geometric distortion existing in the disc phantom images reconstructed by the Feldkamp algorithm are substantially reduced. Meanwhile, the imaging performance of the prototype, such as modulation transfer function (MTF) and low contrast resolution, are quantitatively evaluated in detail through corresponding phantom studies. Furthermore, the capability of the prototype to reconstruct an ROI within a longitudinally unbounded object is verified. The results obtained from this preliminary performance evaluation encourage an expectation of medical applications of the x-ray FPI based CBVCT under the circle-plus-two-arc data acquisition, particularly the application in image-guided interventional procedures and radiotherapy where the movement of a patient table is to be avoided.
Overview of repetitively pulsed photolytic iodine lasers (1996)

The performance of a repetitively pulsed, 70 joule, closed cycle 1.3 (mu) M photolytic atomic iodine laser with excellent beam quality (BQ equals 1.15) is presented. This BQ was exhibited in the fundamental mode from a M equals 3.1 confocal unstable resonator at a 0.5 Hz repetition rate. A closed cycle scrubber/laser fuel system consisting of a condensative- evaporative section, two Cu wool I<SUB>2</SUB> reactor regions, and an internal turbo-blower enabled the laser to operate very reliably with low maintenance. The fuel system provided C<SUB>3</SUB>F<SUB>7</SUB>I gas at 10 - 60 torr absent of the photolytic quenching by-product I<SUB>2</SUB>. Using a turbo- molecular blower longitudinal flow velocities greater than 10 m/s were achieved through the 150 cm long by 7.5 multiplied by 7.5 cm<SUP>2</SUP> cross sectional photolytic iodine gain region. In addition to the high laser output and excellent BQ, the resulting 8 - 12 microsecond laser pulse had a coherence length greater than 45 meters and polarization extinction ratio better than 100:1. Projections from this pulsed photolytic atomic iodine laser technology to larger energies, higher repetition rates, and variable pulse widths are discussed.
Reversible Gels for Electrophoresis and Isolation of DNA (1999)

Here, the application of the gel-forming carbohydrate polymer, gellan gum, for the electrophoresis and isolation of DNA is detailed. Gellan gun forms gels in the presence of divalent metal cations, and the gels can be converted back to a solution by the addition of a chelating agent such as EDTA. Also, gellan electrophoresis gels can be formed using diamines. These gels are reversible by increasing the pH, which results in the deprotonation of the diamine. Gellan electrophoresis gels were used for separations at concentrations as low as 0.03%. Native gellan electrophoresis gels have significant electroosmosis and were generally run overnight. A gellan electrophoresis gel (0.1%) showed good resolution of DNA from approximately 50-1 kbp. The addition of linear polymers, such as hydroxethyl cellulose, to the gellan gum before casting greatly reduced the electroosmosis. The additional polymer increased the resolution of low-molecular-weight DNA down to approximately 200 bp and allowed gels to be run in a few hours. DNA isolated from gellan electrophoresis gels could be cut by common restriction enzymes and ligated in the presence of the gellan gum. The presence of gellan gum did not significantly inhibit the transformation of competent E. coli cells by plasmid DNA.
Therapeutic Effects of Monoclonal Antibody against Dengue Virus NS1 in a STAT1 Knockout Mouse Model of Dengue Infection (2017)

Abstract Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome and is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Our previous studies showed the existence of epitopes in the C-terminal region of DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) which are cross-reactive with host Ags and trigger anti–DENV NS1 Ab–mediated endothelial cell damage and platelet dysfunction. To circumvent these potentially harmful events, we replaced the C-terminal region of DENV NS1 with the corresponding region from Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 to create chimeric DJ NS1 protein. Passive immunization of DENV-infected mice with polyclonal anti–DJ NS1 Abs reduced viral Ag expression at skin inoculation sites and shortened DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time. We also investigated the therapeutic effects of anti-NS1 mAb. One mAb designated 2E8 does not recognize the C-terminal region of DENV NS1 in which host–cross-reactive epitopes reside. Moreover, mAb 2E8 recognizes NS1 of all four DENV serotypes. We also found that mAb 2E8 caused complement-mediated lysis in DENV-infected cells. In mouse model studies, treatment with mAb 2E8 shortened DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time and reduced viral Ag expression in the skin. Importantly, mAb 2E8 provided therapeutic effects against all four serotypes of DENV. We further found that mAb administration to mice as late as 1 d prior to severe bleeding still reduced prolonged bleeding time and hemorrhage. Therefore, administration with a single dose of mAb 2E8 can protect mice against DENV infection and pathological effects, suggesting that NS1-specific mAb may be a therapeutic option against dengue disease.
Magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy of high density recording (1993)

The magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope has been used to investigate the characteristics of magnetization patterns on rigid thin-film disk media, having wavelengths in the range from 20 to 1 μm. The images, which directly exhibit magnetic field distributions, compare favorably with a theoretical model that incorporates the ratio of the transition length relative to the bit length. The profiles of the long to intermediate wavelength patterns were analyzed to obtain estimates for the transition length parameter. At high recording densities, our results suggest two major contributing effects responsible for signal loss: (a) reduction in the magnetization and (b) ‘‘bit cluster formation.’’ As the wavelength is decreased, the tracks eventually lose the capability to retain the recorded pattern, and merely appear as a more or less random distribution of localized ‘‘magnetic patches’’ on the surface.
<title>Subpicosecond Electrical Sampling</title> (1983)

We report on the recent advances of an electrooptic sampling technique for the characterization of electrical transients that has now achieved a temporal resolution of .5 ps. Voltage sensitivity is on the order of 50 μV. The electrooptic material is used in a traveling wave geometry as well as in an electrodeless manner, where the electrooptic material probe the fringing field associated with the signal as it propagates along the transmission line.
A pilot plant to treat chromium‐contaminated groundwater (1998)

Abstract The groundwater at a site in California is contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium. Different treatment options were tested. The options tested included: carbon adsorption, ion exchange, chemical treatment, reverse osmosis, and in‐place fixation. Electrochemical treatment was the treatment of choice. Treatment operations were designed with turn down flexibility to allow operation at variable flow rates. Metal reduction is the first treatment step after collection of the groundwater and lowering of the pH to 3 in an on‐line acid tank. Soluble ferrous ions are produced in an off‐line electrochemical cell using sacrificial electrodes, as represented by the following equation: equation image Using a slight excess of the stoichiometric 3.2 pounds of iron per pound of chromium, the ferrous ions are mixed with the contaminated groundwater. In the resulting redox reaction, Hexavalent Chromium is reduced to the insoluble trivalent state and divalent iron is oxidized to its insoluble trivalent state, as represented by the following equation: equation image As stated, a slight excess offerrous ions, adjusted pH, and sufficient residence time drive the reaction to completion. After the reaction is completed, the pH is adjusted to a slightly alkaline state (8) to allow precipitation of the metal ions in a pH adjustment tank. The stream is advanced to a clarifier where a polyelectrolyte polymer is added to promote coagulation of the reduced metal and consequently, settlement at the bottom of the clarifier. Solids are drawn from the bottom of the clarifier and allowed to settle in a gravity thickener followed by a plate and frame filter press. The treated groundwater is pH adjusted to below 8 and polished with multimedia filters and carbon, prior to reinjection to the aquifer. The water is continually checked for total dissolved solids and total chromium concentration. The chrome concentration is continuously kept below 30 PPB; however, the total dissolved solids (TDS) oscillate between 1200 to 2400 PPM, depending on the plant TDS influent concentration which ranges from 400–700 PPM and the chromium influent concentration which ranges between 25,000 PPB and 5000 PPB.
<title>Digital watermarking using improved human visual system model</title> (2001)

In digital watermarking, one aim is to insert the maximum possible watermark signal without significantly affecting image quality. Advantage can be taken of the masking effect of the eye to increase the signal strength in busy or high contrast image areas. The application of such a human visual system model to watermarking has been proposed by several authors. However if a simple contrast measurement is used, an objectionable ringing effect may become visible on connected directional edges. In this paper we describe a method which distinguishes between connected directional edges and high frequency textured areas, which have no preferred edge direction. The watermark gain on connected directional edges is suppressed, while the gain in high contrast textures is increased. Overall, such a procedure accommodates a more robust watermark for the same level of visual degradation because the watermark is attenuated where it is truly objectionable, and enhanced where it is not. Furthermore, some authors propose that the magnitude of a signal which can be imperceptibly placed in the presence of a reference signal can be described by a non-linear mapping of magnitude to local contrast. In this paper we derive a mapping function experimentally by determining the point of just noticeable difference between a reference image and a reference image with watermark.
Monotonic iterative algorithms for crystal efficiencies estimation from normalization data and single rates estimation from compressed random coincidence data (2013)

PET scanner calibration is a routine procedure that is performed on a daily basis. The normalization data acquisition ideally should take as little time as possible. Consequently, normalization data are noisy and a component-based model is used to battle related issues. Most normalization components except scanner crystal efficiencies are fixed for a given scanner type. In this paper we propose a monotonic iterative algorithm for estimation of crystal efficiencies based on the Poisson Model. This model exploration leads to the necessary use of scatter distribution of a known subject in normalization data modeling. The proposed method produces a non-negative efficiencies solution. The update equation is a simultaneous type, which is easily parallelized. The method is applicable to compressed data, such as azimuthally (possibly TOF) mashed and axially (possibly TOF) rebinned data. The variance reduction of random coincidence data is a closely related problem due to a similar mathematical formulation. The proposed algorithm is directly applicable to this problem and is especially useful in compressed random data. Measured normalization and random data from a Siemens mCT scanner were used to validate the algorithm's performance. In normalization data, crystal efficiencies produced a less noisy estimate when compared to the currently-used mCT method. The use of scatter estimation improved uniformity of homogenous cylinder reconstruction. In random data, the proposed method estimation has an advantage in situations where data are missing (for example, due to block malfunctioning).
Mechanism for Redox Exfoliation of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (2020)

Liquid processing of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (LTMDs) is enabling a variety of applications, ranging from catalysts and coatings, to electronics, flexible sensors, and optical filters. Current strategies, such as sonication or shear mixing, are challenged by small yields (<1%), low production rates (<mg/min), short-term oxidative stability, and low dispersion concentration in a limited number of solvents. These factors inhibit the transition from lab to bulk production. Here, we establish the mechanism for the liquid processing route of Redox Exfoliation and establish the roles that chemical species formed in situ play in the exfoliation process of LTMDs. The mechanism proceeds via surface adsorption of polyoxometalate macroanions (POMs) and can be optimized by controlling the formation rate and size of these POMs through reagent level stoichiometric parametrization. Based on this mechanism, few-to-monolayer yields for MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) may exceed 10% of the starting LTMD powder, and delamination may be reinitiated after reagent depletion, minimizing the starting LTMD waste.
Field - Usable Chromatic Dispersion Test Set For Single-Mode Fiber (1984)

Summary and conclusionA test method has been devised which provides a simple, accurate and fast means of deter-mining the chromatic dispersion of a long fiber optic link around the wavelength of minimum -dispersion. The simplicity of the technique makes it particularly suitable for both fieldand factory environments where it is impractical to employ more sophisticated equipment.Dispersion measurements using the test set were in excellent agreement with similarmeasurements done with a Nd -YAG /Raman source. The apparatus was also used for severalfield measurements involving a large number of similar fibers. In these measurements,dispersion slopes and minimum- dispersion wavelengths could be determined to better than 6and 0.2 %, respectively.References 1. COHEN, L. G., and LIN, C.: 'Pulse delay measurements in the zero dispersion wave-length region for optical fibers', Appl. Opt., 1977, 16, pp. 3316 -3139. 2. COSTA, B., MAZZONI, D., PULEO, M., and VEZZONI, E: 'Phase shift technique for themeasurement of chromatic dispersion of optical fibers using LED's', IEEE J. Quantum Electron.,
Dark-field optical scatterometry for line-width-roughness metrology (2009)

As CMOS transistor critical dimensions (CDs) shrink to 35 nm and below, monitoring and control of line width roughness (LWR) and line edge roughness (LER) will become increasingly important. We used dark-field twodimensional beam profile reflectometry at 405 nm wavelength with a 0.9 numerical aperture (NA) objective to measure the low levels of diffuse scattered light from the roughness on the surfaces of lines in test structures on a wafer created by ISMI. This wafer contains a variety of amorphous etched gate test structures with a range of CDs from approximately 20 nm to 50 nm. Selected structures were thoroughly characterized for CD, LER and LWR by a critical-dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM). The integrated diffuse scattered intensities obtained from structures with different CD and LWR values were compared to LWR as measured by the CD-SEM. The diffuse scattered optical signal intensity showed, at best, a weak correlation to the CD-SEM measured LWR. However a plot of the diffuse scattered intensity versus CD-SEM measured CD showed a strong, but nonlinear, correlation. This indicates that the scattering depends not only on the surface roughness but also on the CD of the line (and presumably other details of the profile).
Delta 6-desaturases From Primulaceae, Expressing Plants And Pufa-containing Oils (Patent EP 1726652 B1) (2006)

he present invention relates to an improved method for the specific production of unsaturated .omega.-3 fatty acids and a method for the production of triglycerides having an increased content of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular .omega.-3 fatty acids having more than three double bonds. The invention relates to the production of a transgenic organism, preferably a transgenic plant or a transgenic microorganism, having an increased content of fatty acids, oils or lipids having .DELTA. 6 double bon ds due to the expression of a .DELTA. 6-desaturase from Primulaceae. The invention additionally relates to expression cassettes containing a nucleic acid sequence, a vector and organisms containing at least one nucleic acid sequence or an expression cassette. The invention further relates to unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides having an increased content of unsaturated fatty acids and use thereof.
Development of antibody-targeted vaccines. (2005)

The use of monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy has been validated by the commercialization of multiple monoclonal antibody products for oncology, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. In addition to their application as 'naked' antibodies, they have been used as delivery vehicles for cytotoxic agents to cancer cells. The exquisite specificity of antibodies can also be exploited to initiate and/or enhance the immune response to tumors or infectious agents by targeting the relevant antigen to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Such antibody-targeted vaccines (ATVs) have demonstrated remarkable activity in preclinical models by eliminating the need for adjuvant and repetitive boosting, overcoming immunological non-responsiveness, inducing mucosal immunity and eliciting therapeutic cytotoxic T-cell-mediated antitumor effects. A variety of different receptors on APCs have been exploited for targeting antigens, which may allow optimization for specific immune responses. Selective targeting to appropriate receptors on APC subsets combined with strong activating signals is important for generating potent cytolytic T-cell responses. Studies have also suggested that ATVs may be selectively exploited to induce tolerance against antigens for treatment against transplant rejection or autoimmune diseases. The clinical development of this new class of antibody-based products has recently been initiated.
Analysis of the Three Pole Radial Magnetic Bearing (2019)

The three pole magnetic bearing has recently gained interest within the magnetic suspension research community due to its simple structure that relies on only three coils and ability to be operated by three phase power electronic converters. However, the three pole bearing is substantially more complicated to control. Control strategies based on linearized current models result in parasitic coupling between x and y radial forces, yielding significant force vector errors. Research initiatives have developed distinct three-pole geometries with varying capabilities and operating principles. This paper reviews the various research initiatives on the three-pole bearing, develops a generalized framework for considering the forces of any three-pole bearing configuration, exercises this framework to provide insights into fundamental design topology choices, and proposes a method to calculate exact control currents and an optimal bias field. The paper shows that using the exact control current calculations with the optimal bias field yield a force density improvement of up to 15.5% as compared to using conventional bias levels. Experimental validation of the force calculation framework is provided.
ML-reconstruction for TOF-PET with simultaneous estimation of the attenuation factors (2012)

In positron emission tomography (PET), attenuation correction is typically done based on information obtained from transmission tomography. Recently, it has been shown that stable maximum-likelihood reconstruction of both the attenuation and the activity from time-of-flight (TOF) PET emission data is possible [1], [2]. Mathematical analysis revealed that the TOF-PET data determine the attenuation correction factors uniquely except for a scale factor [3].