gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WS<sup>2</sup>F: A weakly supervised framework for data stream filtering (2014)

In this paper we present a weakly supervised framework for relevant content filtering from social media platforms such as Twitter. Social media platforms are a rich source of information these days. However of all the available information, there is only a small fraction of which is of general interest. Most of the other information pertains to personal events, and is very specific to the users who are contributing that. It is therefore usually not of general interest. In this paper, we present a framework to filter out the topic-specific relevant information from the irrelevant information in the stream of text provided by social media platforms. Our framework does not depend on any labeled data, however it is capable of using domain knowledge in the form of rules and guidelines provided by domain experts. It is therefore easily extensible for new topics and events. The proposed framework is built keeping the streaming nature of social media platforms in mind, i.e., it is able to discover the content relevant to a specific event as it evolves in the text stream. Because of its adaptive nature, it is not only able to filter the relevant content, but also able to generate event story lines as the event evolves. We experiment on a dataset provided by TREC, and show that the framework not only filters relevant content for an event but also generates its story line effectively.
Learning topological image transforms using cellular simultaneous recurrent networks (2013)

In this work, we investigate cellular simultaneous recurrent networks (CSRNs) to learn topological image mappings, particularly those of the affine transformations. While affine image transformation in conventional image processing is a relatively simple task, learning these transformations is an important part of having neural networks (NNs) function as generalized image processors. We introduce the CSRN and discuss its adaptation for image processing tasks. We report results for translation, rotation and scaling of both binary and grey-scale images. Our results suggest that the CSRN is capable of learning and performing these basic topological transformations.
Debris-free EUVL sources based on gas jets (1996)

Supersonic gas jets are used to produce a source of large cluster laser plasma targets for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) generation without direct production of debris. EUV conversion efficiency measurements at a wavelength of 13.5 nm yield 58% of a solid gold target or 0.0026 J/eV/J L . Multilayer-coated mirrors placed in proximity to the plasma exhibit 14% reflectance loss after the equivalent of 1.4 × 10 8 pulses, an improvement by a factor of 10 5 × over unprotected solid target results and 100× over solid targets with extensive debris mitigation.
Stereospecific polymerization of higher α‐olefins with the solvay type catalyst TiCl<sub>3</sub>/Cp<sub>2</sub>Ti(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (1989)

Abstract Polymerizations of higher α ‐olefins (C 10 –C 20 ) were carried out at 40°C in heptane, using the following three catalysts which differ in the isospecificity for propene polymerization: Solvay type TiCl 3 /Cp 2 TiMe 2 ((A) highly isospecific), Solvay type TiCl 3 /AlEt 3 ((B) isospecific) and TiCl 3 .3Py/MgCl 2 /AlEt 3 ((C) aspecific). The isospecificity of the catalysts was found to decrease in the following order: (A) ≫ (B) ≫ (C), which agrees well with the results obtained in propene polymerization. The crystallinity of these polymers is discussed in brief.
Electrospinning Cargo-Containing Polyelectrolyte Complex Fibers: Correlating Molecular Interactions to Complex Coacervate Phase Behavior and Fiber Formation (2018)

We present the first demonstration of the direct encapsulation of cargo into polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) fiber mats. This approach takes advantage of the intrinsic self-assembly characteristics of complex coacervates to simplify the formulation requirements to electrospin fibers containing a high loading and an even distribution of cargo. Two families of structurally similar fluorescent dyes were used as model cargo of varying hydrophobicity and charge and were encapsulated into coacervates of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid, sodium salt) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). The coacervate phase behavior, dye partitioning, and resulting fibers were systematically investigated as a function of dye and salt concentration. Strong partitioning was facilitated by favorable electrostatic and π–π interactions but was adversely affected by increased salt. We further identified that dye and salt interactions can be treated as independent control parameters to modulate the properties and electrospinnability of the coacervate precursor solutions. These findings facilitate the use of electrospun PEC fibers in applications related to biomedicine, energy, and separations where cargo-loaded mats are needed.
ChemInform Abstract: BICYCLIC AND TRICYCLIC ERGOLINE PARTIAL STRUCTURES. RIGID 3‐(2‐AMINOETHYL)PYRROLES AND 3‐ AND 4‐(2‐AMINOETHYL)PYRAZOLES AS DOPAMINE AGONISTS (1980)

Abstract Gemäß dem Formelschema werden die bi‐ und tricyclischen Partialergoline (IV), (XIII), (XIX) und (XXI) sowie verschiedene Pyrazole wie (XXII) und (XXIII) dargestellt.
High‐temperature hydraulic fluids (1992)

Abstract The rationale is presented for the development of 315 °C bulk oil high‐temperature hydraulic fluids for future US Air Force systems. Four chemical classes of candidate fluids worthy of consideration are described along with their relative merits and limitations. The four fluids are: mineral oil based MIL‐H‐ 27601A, a synthetic hydrogenated polyalphaolefin, a synthetic silahydrocarbon (tetra alkyl silane), and a linear perjluoropolyalkylether. Questions for consideration in selecting a candidate high‐temperature hydraulic fluid are presented and discussed in relation to the intended specific application.
[Imaging of elasticity distribution in arterial wall by transcutaneous ultrasound and electronic staining]. (2003)

Knowledge of the physical properties of atherosclerotic plaque is essential when evaluating its vulnerability in a clinical setting. Such knowledge, however, is still difficult to obtain with the various approaches developed to date. This paper describes a novel noninvasive method (phased tracking method) for measuring minute change in thickness of each of the multiple layers of the arterial wall during one cardiac cycle. Such minute change in thickness less than 100 microns of the arterial wall cannot be measured by conventional ultrasound B-mode or M-mode images. A method for evaluation of the regional elastic modulus in the circumference direction, E theta, from the resultant change in wall thickness is also described. This method was applied to in vivo experiments in subjects with hyperlipemia and normal subjects. The spatial distribution of the regional elastic moduli, E theta, was evaluated for the carotid atherosclerotic plaques. By comparing the pathological findings with the distribution of elasticity, average elasticity of lipid and that of a mixture of smooth muscle and collagen fiber could be determined. Based on these reference parameters, each point was statistically categorized as lipid, mixture, or other. Thus, the plaque was electronically stained using transcutaneous ultrasound. By applying this method to the common carotid arteries, the presence of thin collagen fiber was clarified along the arterial axis for normal subjects, while soft inclusion of lipid was found for every plaque in subjects with hyperlipidemia. This novel method offers potential as a diagnostic technique for detection of plaque vulnerability with high spatial resolution.
Shearwave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) for measuring tissue elasticity and viscosity (2009)

Characterization of tissue elasticity (stiffness) and viscosity has important medical applications because these properties are closely related to pathological changes. Quantitative measurement is more suitable than qualitative measurement (i.e., mapping with a relative scale) of tissue viscoelasticity for diagnosis of diffuse diseases where abnormality is not confined to a local region and there is no normal background tissue to provide contrast. Shearwave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) uses shear wave propagation speed measured in tissue at multiple frequencies (typically in the range of hundreds of Hertz) to solve quantitatively for both tissue elasticity and viscosity. A shear wave is stimulated within the tissue by an ultrasound push beam and monitored by a separate ultrasound detect beam. The phase difference of the shear wave between 2 locations along its propagation path is used to calculate shear wave speed within the tissue. In vitro SDUV measurements along and across bovine striated muscle fibers show results of tissue elasticity and viscosity close to literature values. An intermittent pulse sequence is developed to allow one array transducer for both push and detect function. Feasibility of this pulse sequence is demonstrated by in vivo SDUV measurements in swine liver using a dual transducer prototype simulating the operation of a single array transducer.
Genome-wide association study in a Chinese population identifies a susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes at 7q32 near PAX4 (2013)

Our study identifies rs10229583 near PAX4 as a novel locus for type 2 diabetes in Chinese and other populations and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Image-Guided Bronchoscopic Sampling Of Peripheral Lesions: A Human Study (2010)

available MDCT scans. The chest scans, generated by either a Siemens Sensation or Emotion scanner, were reconstructed at a resolution of 0.5 mm spacing with 0.75-mmthick 2D axial-plane sections; axial-plane resolution was between 0.52 mm and 0.92 mm. We used the VN system for off-line procedure-planning and live bronchoscopic guidance, as described below.6 Primary study outcomes for each region of interest (ROI) were: 1) Navigation success: ability of the system to lead the bronchoscopist along the correct route; 2) Sampling success: collection of a satisfactory tissue sample (pathologist interpretation). Image-Guided Bronchoscopic Sampling of Peripheral Lesions: A Human Study W.E. Higgins,1 R. Bascom,2 J.D. Gibbs,1,3 M.W. Graham,1,4 D.C. Cornish,1 and R. Khare,1 Penn State University, 1College of Engineering, 2College of Medicine, 3Broncus Technologies, Inc., 4Google, Inc. ATS 2010, New Orleans, LA
103 HIV-1 gp120 Interactions With the Gut Homing Receptor Integrin α4β7 on CD4+ T Cells (2012)

Mucosal transmission of HIV is inefficient. The virus must breach physical barriers before it infects mucosal CD4+ T cells. Low-level viral replication occurs initially in mucosal CD4+ T cells, but within days high-level replication occurs in Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and the gut lamina propria. The viral quasispecies in a donor contracts through a genetic bottleneck in the recipient, such that infection is typically established by a single founder virus. Founder viruses in subtypes A and C mucosal transmission tend to encode gp120s with reduced numbers of N-linked glycosylation sites at specific positions throughout the V1- V4 domains, relative to typical chronically replicating isolates. The transmission advantage gained by the absence of these N-linked glycosylation sites is unknown. Using primary α4β7+/CD4+ T cells and a flow-cytometry based steady-state binding assay we have determined that the removal of transmission-associated N-linked glycosylation sites from chronic subtype A and C envelopes results in large increases in the specific reactivity of gp120 for integrin-α4β7. These results suggest that the genetic bottleneck reported at the time of transmission may frequently involve a requirement for the productive infection of α4β7+/CD4+ T cells. Understanding the structural features of the HIV envelope that promote reactivity with integrin α4β7 receptor may help define early events in HIV transmission.
The First Direct and Enantioselective Cross‐Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High-frequency, precise modification of the tomato genome (2015)

High-frequency, precise modification of the tomato genome was achieved using geminivirus replicons, suggesting that these vectors can overcome the efficiency barrier that has made gene targeting in plants challenging. This work provides a foundation for efficient genome editing of crop genomes without the random integration of foreign DNA.
Long-Life, High-Efficiency Lithium–Sulfur Battery from a Nanoassembled Cathode (2015)

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from major problems including poor cycle performance and low efficiency, mainly due to the high solubility of intermediate polysulfides and their side-reactions with the Li-anode. Here, we report the development of advanced, multilayered, sulfur cathodes composed of alternately arranged, negatively charged S-carbon nanotube layers and positively charged S-polyaniline layers that effectively immobilize polysulfides and reduce polysulfide migration onto the Li-anode. The use of a layer-by-layer nanoassembly technique leads to a binder-free, three-dimensional porous cathode via electrostatic attraction and enables the fabrication of Li–S cells with remarkably improved performance including a long cycle life exceeding 600 cycles and a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.5% at the 1 C rate. Moreover, these Li–S cells have presented a high-rate response up to 2.5 C with high sulfur utilization (a reversible capacity of 1100 mAhg–1, 900 mAhg–1, 700 mAhg–1, and 450 mAhg–1 of sulfur at 0.3, 0.6, 1, and 2.5 C rates, respectively). The results provide important progress toward the understanding of the role of multilayered cathodes and the realization of high-efficiency and long-term service life for Li–S batteries.
Lipid accumulation from glucose and xylose in an engineered, naturally oleaginous strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2018)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-known industrial yeast for alcoholic fermentation, is not historically known to accumulate lipids. Four S. cerevisiae strains used in industrial applications were screened for their ability to accumulate neutral lipids. Only one, D5A, was found to accumulate up to 20% dry cell weight (dcw) lipids. This strain was further engineered by knocking out ADP-activated serine/threonine kinase (SNF1) which increased lipid accumulation to 35% dcw lipids. In addition, we engineered D5A to utilize xylose and found that D5A accumulates up to 37% dcw lipids from xylose as the sole carbon source. Further we over-expressed different diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGA1) genes and boosted lipid accumulation to 50%. Fatty acid speciation showed that 94% of the extracted lipids consisted of 5 fatty acid species, C16:0 (palmitic), C16:1n7 (palmitoleic), C18:0 (stearic), C18:1n7 (vaccenic), and C18:1n9 (oleic), while the relative distributions changed depending on growth conditions. In addition, this strain accumulated lipids concurrently with ethanol production.
Fully human antimesothelin antibody drug conjugate demonstrates antitumor effects in human lung cancer models. (2008)

A13 Mesothelin is a GPI anchored glycoprotein present on normal mesothelial cells lining pleural, pericardial and peritoneal body cavities. It is expressed as a 69kDa precursor polypeptide that is proteolytically processed into a shed 31kDa component, Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor, and a 40kDa membrane bound component. Detection of the 40kDa portion of Mesothelin by IHC has demonstrated that Mesothelin is over-expressed in several human malignancies including all mesotheliomas, > 85% of papillary serous ovarian cancers, and in approximately 50% of pancreatic and lung cancers. The restricted normal expression and high expression in cancer makes Mesothelin an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we report the generation of fully human monoclonal antibodies to Mesothelin. These antibodies internalize on cell binding as shown by HumZAP and immunofluorescence assays; enabling the development of an antibody-drug-conjugate mechanism of action. The anti Mesothelin antibodies were conjugated to DNA alkylating agents and tested in in vivo xenograft model of lung cancer (H226 cells.) A single dose of 0.3μm/kg of antibody caused complete regressions in this model. No toxicities were observed at this dose level. Furthermore, an antibody drug conjugate using a rat anti mouse specific Mesothelin antibody also showed no overt toxicities at these dose levels. These studies support the development of a fully human anti-Mesothelin antibody drug conjugate as therapy for the treatment of Mesothelin expressing cancers.
Raman spectroscopy for cytopathology of exfoliated cervical cells (2015)

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide but mortality can be decreased by early detection of pre-malignant lesions. The Pap smear test is the most commonly used method in cervical cancer screening programmes. Although specificity is high for this test, it is widely acknowledged that sensitivity can be poor mainly due to the subjective nature of the test. There is a need for new objective tests for the early detection of pre-malignant cervical lesions. Over the past two decades, Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a promising new technology for cancer screening and diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Raman spectroscopy for cervical cancer screening using both Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) classification terminology. ThinPrep® Pap samples were recruited from a cervical screening population. Raman spectra were recorded from single cell nuclei and subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Normal and abnormal ThinPrep® samples were discriminated based on the biochemical fingerprint of the cells using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Principal Component Analysis - Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) was employed to build classification models based on either CIN or SIL terminology. This study has shown that Raman spectroscopy can be successfully applied to the study of routine cervical cytology samples from a cervical screening programme and that the use of CIN terminology resulted in improved sensitivity for high grade cases.
Three-dimensional Optoacoustic Imaging System and its applications for Functional and Molecular Imaging (2010)

3D optoacoustic tomography system was developed combining advantages of pulsed optical spectroscopy and high-resolution ultrasonic detection, characterized and shown to produce high-contrast 3D maps of optical absorbance through the whole body of an animal with resolution better than 0.5 mm. Much smaller tissue structures and microvessels can be visualized in case of sufficient contrast. An ultrawide-band of ultrasonic frequencies present in optoacoustic signals contains wealth of information, which can be revealed through proper filtering and post-processing. We demonstrated that either larger anatomy, such as organs or major vessels, or the smaller structures (kidney medullas, ovarian arteries) and even microvasculature can be visualized depending on methods of signal and image processing. Figures a and b below shows exemplary images of mouse anatomy and vasculature.
Iterative Effort Reduction in B2B Schema Integration via a Canonical Data Model (2013)

Nowadays, B2B integration still remains a big cost driver for companies. On the one hand, standardization efforts were able to reduce the mapping effort between e-Business schemas. However, the effort for creating customized messages from the huge and underspecified standard templates increased. Due to the myriad of different requirements by different companies, a great variety of standards coexist. Instead of forcing companies to adopt huge standards, this article propagates an iteratively improving schema and mapping derivation system in the cloud. Thus, we provide flexibility, but streamline companies' integration efforts based on an evolving canonical data model. This approach reduces the need for explicit standardization to a minimum. Our simulation based on real schemas shows a potential to reduce guide creation effort by 50% and mapping effort from 6% to almost 100%.
Prediction of Viscosity Correction Factors for ESP in Viscous Applications (2022)

Abstract Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are currently being tested in the service company's newly built viscous lab testing loop; whereby, the viscous performance of each pump stage type is analyzed at multiple speeds and viscosities. This viscous lab testing loop is capable of speeds up to 70 Hz, 30,000 B/D of fluid, with a maximum of 500 HP, and can manage fluid viscosities up to 2,500 cP. Four pumps were tested at speeds ranging from 40 to 70 Hz, in 10 Hz intervals, and up to 2,500 cP fluid viscosity. The viscosity correction factors, for each operating speed and viscosity, were developed for each pump stage and compared with the stage-specific speed. The effects of viscosity and operating speed on flow, head, and horsepower were observed. An increase in viscosity deteriorates pump performance, while an increase in rotational speed reduces the rate of deterioration; therefore, increased operating speeds improve the performance of an ESP pump in viscous applications. Additionally, diameter and specific speed effects (a "dimensionless[DL1] " number for pump design criteria) on viscosity are being investigated as a design criterion. A correlation is being developed for the effects of the specific speed on the viscosity correction factors. The new correlation will help obtain viscosity correction factors for other pumps with different diameters, operating at different speeds and viscosities, based on the specific speed relationship. The service company's Research and Development department's viscosity testing program, its results, analysis, and new findings are discussed in this paper.
Three-Dimensional Coaxial Weld Monitoring (1989)

Optical system for coaxial-viewing welding torch enables perception or measurement of depth. Light from welding area passes through beam splitter into two optical trains forming two images, each viewed along line making small angle with axis of torch. Two lines of sight intersect at weld pool. Parallax between two views provides sensation of depth over entire field view.
Measuring blood velocity using correlative spectrally encoded flow cytometry (2014)

Spectrally encoded flow cytometry (SEFC) is a promising technique for imaging blood in the microcirculation. Yet, the dependency of one of the axes of the image on time prevents effective quantification of essential clinical parameters. Here, we address this challenge by splitting the optical path in an SEFC system into two parallel imaging lines, followed by straightforward data analysis for recovering the flow speed from the multiplexed data. The method is demonstrated by measuring the flow velocity of latex beads and blood cells in vitro. The system allows real-time velocity measurements of up to 11.7 mm/s at high spatial resolution, and could be integrated into existing SEFC systems for effectively measuring blood parameters in small capillary vessels.
B10 Characteristics of magnetically levitated superconducting conveyer using High Tc superconductors (2013)

Our group has developed a new conveyer using superconducting levitation. The conveyer is composed of a levitated table and a conveying table. The gap between levitated table and conveying table is detected by using a Hall sensor on the superconductor. The position of the table is controlled by using the PD control. In this paper we discuss a superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) with a central superconductor. A central superconductor improves stiffness of each direction. In addition, characteristics of magnetically levitated superconducting conveyer are studied when the levitated table moves in the horizontal direction.