gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated stereo vision instrument tracking for intraoperative OCT guided anterior segment ophthalmic surgical maneuvers (2015)

Microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT (iOCT) enables imaging of tissue cross-sections concurrent with ophthalmic surgical maneuvers. However, limited acquisition rates and complex three-dimensional visualization methods preclude real-time surgical guidance using iOCT. We present an automated stereo vision surgical instrument tracking system integrated with a prototype iOCT system. We demonstrate, for the first time, automatically tracked video-rate cross-sectional iOCT imaging of instrument-tissue interactions during ophthalmic surgical maneuvers. The iOCT scan-field is automatically centered on the surgical instrument tip, ensuring continuous visualization of instrument positions relative to the underlying tissue over a 2500 mm(2) field with sub-millimeter positional resolution and <1° angular resolution. Automated instrument tracking has the added advantage of providing feedback on surgical dynamics during precision tissue manipulations because it makes it possible to use only two cross-sectional iOCT images, aligned parallel and perpendicular to the surgical instrument, which also reduces both system complexity and data throughput requirements. Our current implementation is suitable for anterior segment surgery. Further system modifications are proposed for applications in posterior segment surgery. Finally, the instrument tracking system described is modular and system agnostic, making it compatible with different commercial and research OCT and surgical microscopy systems and surgical instrumentations. These advances address critical barriers to the development of iOCT-guided surgical maneuvers and may also be translatable to applications in microsurgery outside of ophthalmology.
Microfluidic separation of particles from whole blood using shear induced diffusion (2017)

Extraction of cells of interest directly from human whole blood is in high demand. However, it is extremely challenging due to the excessive cell populations leading to non-Newtonian hemodynamics. Herein, we describe a simple microfluidic approach to take the advantage of the concentrated cells for direct isolation of larger particles spiked in whole blood, which could shift the current paradigm in cell separation from low volume fraction sample to concentrated suspension and from the Newtonian to non-Newtonian fluid. Our device fabricated in Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via standard soft photolithography. With saline solution flowing in the channel center and splitting the blood sample into two side streams, the spiked larger particles rapidly migrate from the whole blood to the saline stream without external force fields. Our experimental results has suggested such intriguing particle translocation is mainly attributed to the shear induced diffusion in concentrated suspensions as well as the viscoelastic property of blood. Inertial force can also contribute to this process. The harmonic interactions among these passive force fields have successfully led to extraction, focusing and separation of 18.7 μm –diameter particles from whole blood with a high efficiency (~89%) and a superb throughput (>10<sup>6</sup> cells per second), which outperforms existing approaches such as spiral microchannels. Shortly, we have demonstrated a novel simple and effective separation scheme which directly works for complex bodily samples without a hassle of sample preparation. Our approach is very promising as it holds potential to separate cells from whole blood.
Clinical Testing of the Apnea Prevention Device (2011)

This study demonstrates that the prototype APD can successfully treat narcotic-induced respiratory depression in postoperative patients and does so in a manner that is superior to that provided by routine 1:1 nursing care. Such a device has the potential to decrease the morbidity associated with narcotic-induced respiratory depression in postoperative patients.
Phase and Gain Margins with Third Order Sliding Mode Control: An Integrated Guidance Application (2012)

Department of Defense Regulation requires designers to evaluate the robustness of their designs using phase and gain margin criteria. Given that such criteria are applicable to linear designs, their inapplicability in their current definition to Higher Order Sliding Mode (HOSM) control designs; non-linear designs techniques in the time domain appeared to constitute a major hindrance to the application of HOSM techniques to aircraft and missiles. This paper illustrates the usage of new phase and gain margin techniques applicable to HOSM designs for providing measures of robustness such designs. The technique consists in replacing the -1 singularity point used with linear designs with describing function based representations of the HOSM controller. It is applied here to general problem of guidance of aerospace vehicles steered with aerodynamic lift that is, to a control problem with relative degree = 3. In the application case we assume the unavailability of attitude measurements. Results show that whether the guidance enforces the collision condition or a proportional integral linear manifold has little effect on the robustness. The concept of practical Relative Degree is introduced and applied instead of the strict definition thereof.
Amino acid sequence and thermostability of xylanase A from <i>schizophyllum commune</i> (1993)

The amino acid sequence (197 residues) of xylanase A from the fungus, Schizophyllum commune, was determined by automated analysis of peptides from proteolytic and acid cleavage. The sequence is similar to two Trichoderma xylanases (approximately 56% identical amino acids), but also shows at least 40% identities with xylanases from Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus and B. circulans. The conserved regions of the enzyme contain only two glutamic acid residues which implicates their possible involvement in catalysis. The disulfide bond in xylanase A is not conserved in this family. In spite of this, the B. subtilis xylanase was found to be more thermostable than xylanase A.
GaP/Si wire array solar cells (2010)

Si wire arrays have recently demonstrated their potential as photovoltaic devices. Using these arrays as a base, we consider a next generation, multijunction wire array architecture consisting of Si wire arrays with a conformal GaN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x-y</sub> As <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> coating. Optical absorption and device physics simulations provide insight into the design of such devices. In particular, the simulations show that much of the solar spectrum can be absorbed as the angle of illumination is varied and that an appropriate choice of coating thickness and composition will lead to current matching conditions and hence provide a realistic path to high efficiencies. We have previously demonstrated high fidelity, high aspect ratio Si wire arrays grown by vapor-liquid-solid techniques, and we have now successfully grown conformal GaP coatings on these wires as a precursor to considering quaternary compound growth. Structural, optical, and electrical characterization of these GaP/Si wire array heterostructures, including x-ray diffraction, Hall measurements, and optical absorption of polymer-embedded wire arrays using an integrating sphere were performed. The GaP epilayers have high structural and electrical quality and the ability to absorb a significant amount of the solar spectrum, making them promising for future multijunction wire array solar cells.
Reduction of 5in./54 Gun Blast Overpressure by Means of an Aqueous Foam- Filled Muzzle Device (1981)

Abstract : It has been conclusively demonstrated that aqueous foam can effect significant (greater than 10 dB) reductions in major-caliber (5'/54) gun muzzle blast peak sound pressure level; reduction of more than 15 dB was attained. Containment of the foam in a muzzle-mounted canister was investigated. This report addresses related areas of gun ballistics, interior barrel ballistics, effects on projectile velocity, and general gun operational effects.
Influence of tumor microenvironment on prognosis in colorectal cancer: Tissue architecture-dependent signature of endosialin (TEM-1) and associated proteins (2014)

Tumor survival is influenced by interactions between tumor cells and the stromal microenvironment. One example is Endosialin (Tumor Endothelial Marker-1 (TEM-1) or CD248), which is expressed primarily by cells of mesenchymal origin and some tumor cells. The expression, as a function of architectural masking, of TEM-1 and its pathway-associated proteins was quantified and examined for association with five-year disease-specific survival on a colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort divided into training (n=330) and validation (n=164) sets. Although stromal expression of TEM-1 had prognostic value, a more significant prognostic signature was obtained through linear combination of five compartment-specific expression scores (TEM-1 Stroma, TEM-1 Tumor Vessel, HIF2α Stromal Vessel, Collagen IV Tumor, and Fibronectin Stroma). This resulted in a single continuous risk score (TAPPS: TEM-1 Associated Pathway Prognostic Signature) which was significantly associated with decreased survival on both the training set [HR=1.76 (95%CI: 1.44-2.15); p<0.001] and validation set [HR=1.38 (95%CI: 1.02-1.88); p=0.04]. Importantly, since prognosis is a critical clinical question in Stage II patients, the TAPPS score also significantly predicted survival in the Stage II patient (n=126) cohort [HR=1.75 (95%CI: 1.22-2.52); p=0.002] suggesting the potential of using the TAPPS score to assess overall risk in CRC patients, and specifically in Stage II patients.
Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Porcine respirovirus 1</i> Strain USA/MN25890NS/2016, Isolated in the United States (2017)

A porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 (species <i>Porcine respirovirus 1</i>) cell culture isolate, USA/MN25890NS/2016, was obtained from porcine nasal swabs, and its complete genome sequence (GenBank accession number MF681710) was determined to help further characterize this virus.
Dislocation Characterization in 4H-SiC Crystals (2016)

Definitive correlations are presented between specific types of dislocations identified via Synchrotron White Beam X-Ray Topography (SWBXRT) and identified via selective etching of 4H-SiC substrates. A variety of etch conditions and the results on different faces of SiC substrates and epiwafers are examined. Hillocks formed on the carbon face of the substrate after KOH etching correlate very well to TSDs identified via SWBXRT. Topography of substrates and of vertical crystal slices reveals a large proportion of Threading Mixed character Dislocations (TMDs) in the population of Threading Screw Dislocations.
Differentially-driven circularly-polarized planar aperture antenna for millimeter-wave application (2015)

This paper presents a novel differentially-driven planar aperture antenna for circularly-polarized (CP) radiation. The proposed antenna is simple in structure and is constructed on only a single layer laminate using standard printed-circuit-board (PCB) technology. Circular polarization is realized by rotationally-symmetric windmill-shaped aperture-strip formation with travelling wave distribution. An opening-cavity that is formed by metalized vias is adopted to offer favorable unidirectional radiation and higher gain. Simulation results of a prototype working at V-band show a 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 17.4% (56.8-67.5 GHz), which is within its -10-dB impedance bandwidth. Meanwhile, the left-handed CP (LHCP) gain is stable throughout the operating bandwidth with a peak gain of 14.2 dBi. The proposed antenna is a promising candidate for millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands due to its merits of wideband, high gain, simple structure, low cost, and easy integration with differential circuits.
SPECTRALHRTF ENHANCEMENTFOR IMPROVEDVERTICAL-POLARAUDITORY LOCALIZATION (2009)

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) can be a valuable tool for adding realistic spatial attributes to arbitrary sounds presented over stereo headphones. However, in practice, HRTF-based virtual au­ dio displays are rarely able to approach the same level of local­ ization accuracy that would be expected for listeners attending to real sound sources in the free field. In this paper, we present a novel HRTF enhancement technique that systematically increases the salience of the direction-dependent spectral cues that listeners use to determine the elevations of sound sources. The technique is shown to produce substantial improvements in localization ac­ curacy in the vertical-polar dimension for individualized and non­ individualized HRTFs, without negatively impacting performance in the left-right localization dimension.
Excitation of epsilon-near-zero resonance in ultra-thin indium tin oxide\n shell embedded nanostructured optical fiber (2017)

We report a novel optical waveguide design of a hollow step index fiber\nmodified with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). We show an excitation of\nhighly confined waveguide mode in the proposed fiber near the wavelength where\npermittivity of ITO approaches zero. Due to the high field confinement within\nthin ITO shell inside the fiber, the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode can be\ncharacterized by a peak in modal loss of the hybrid waveguide. Our results show\nthat such in-fiber excitation of ENZ mode is due to the coupling of the guided\ncore mode to the thin-film ENZ mode. We also show that the phase matching\nwavelength, where the coupling takes place, varies depending on the refractive\nindex of the constituents inside the central bore of the fiber. These ENZ\nnanostructured optical fibers have many potential applications, for example, in\nENZ nonlinear and magneto-optics, as in-fiber wavelength-dependent filters, and\nas subwavelength fluid channel for optical and bio-photonic sensing.\n
A prophylactic multivalent vaccine against different filovirus species is immunogenic and provides protection from lethal infections with Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus species in non-human primates (2018)

The search for a universal filovirus vaccine that provides protection against multiple filovirus species has been prompted by sporadic but highly lethal outbreaks of Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus infections. A good prophylactic vaccine should be able to provide protection to all known filovirus species and as an upside potentially protect from newly emerging virus strains. We investigated the immunogenicity and protection elicited by multivalent vaccines expressing glycoproteins (GP) from Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV) and Marburg virus (MARV). Immune responses against filovirus GP have been associated with protection from disease. The GP antigens were expressed by adenovirus serotypes 26 and 35 (Ad26 and Ad35) and modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors, all selected for their strong immunogenicity and good safety profile. Using fully lethal NHP intramuscular challenge models, we assessed different vaccination regimens for immunogenicity and protection from filovirus disease. Heterologous multivalent Ad26-Ad35 prime-boost vaccination regimens could give full protection against MARV (range 75%-100% protection) and EBOV (range 50% to 100%) challenge, and partial protection (75%) against SUDV challenge. Heterologous multivalent Ad26-MVA prime-boost immunization gave full protection against EBOV challenge in a small cohort study. The use of such multivalent vaccines did not show overt immune interference in comparison with monovalent vaccines. Multivalent vaccines induced GP-specific antibody responses and cellular IFNγ responses to each GP expressed by the vaccine, and cross-reactivity to TAFV GP was detected in a trivalent vaccine expressing GP from EBOV, SUDV and MARV. In the EBOV challenge studies, higher humoral EBOV GP-specific immune responses (p = 0.0004) were associated with survival from EBOV challenge and less so for cellular immune responses (p = 0.0320). These results demonstrate that it is feasible to generate a multivalent filovirus vaccine that can protect against lethal infection by multiple members of the filovirus family.
Tailoring Hydrocarbon Streams for Asphaltene Removal (1997)

Summary Oilfield production is often hindered by asphaltene precipitation which tends to fill the pores of reservoir rocks and plug the wellbore tubing and other auxiliary equipment used during crude-oil recovery. Several remedies to remove these deposits have been proposed and patented, but the injection of aromatic solvents such as toluene and light petroleum distillates is normally preferred. Previous studies with a number of pure aromatic hydrocarbons have shown that the solvent capacity of these molecules may be very different and that the degree of condensation plays an important role. In this regard, tetralins and naphthalenes are superior to alkylbenzenes. However, because the use of pure compounds is not economically feasible, we examined various industrial streams and correlated their chemical composition to the solvent capacity. This work allowed the identification of the pseudocomponents whose relative concentration is crucial for evaluating the solvent performances. On the basis of these data, we were able to find new products with ideal characteristics. The efficiency of one of these products was confirmed by the analysis of the data obtained when using this new solvent to remove asphaltene in damaged wells of an Italian field.
Studies on Enzymatic Production of Oligosaccharides. Part VII. Maltotetraose-producing Amylase from Bacillus sp. MG-4. (1991)

A maltotetraose-producing amylase that hydrolyzes starch in maltotetraose units was first found in the culture filtrate of a strain of Bacillus circulans MG-4 newly isolated from soil. The enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography, and Bio-Gel A-0.5 column chromatography. The basic enzymatic properties and saccharification conditions of starch for the use of this enzyme were examined with this partially purified enzyme. Its optimum pH and temperature were around 7.5 and around 50°C, respectively. The enzyme was protected from heat in the presence of calcium ion. This enzyme produced maltotetraose in a yield more than 60% from liquefied starch. A typical sugar composition of hydrolysis products from liquefied starch was about G1 1.5%, G2 8.2%, G3 10.9%, G4 64.9%, G5 0.0%, G6 1.0%, G7 1.2%, G8 1.3%, G9 1.0%, and G10- 11.0%.
Chaos computing in terms of periodic orbits (2011)

The complex dynamics of chaotic systems can perform computations. The parameters and/or the initial conditions of a dynamical system are the data inputs and the resulting system state is the output of the computation. By controlling how inputs are mapped to outputs, a specific function can be performed. Previously no clear connection has been drawn between the structure of the dynamics and the computation. In this paper we demonstrate how chaos computation can be explained, modeled, and even predicted in terms of the dynamics of the underlying chaotic system, specifically the periodic orbit structure of the system. Knowing the dynamical equations of the system, we compute the system's periodic orbits as well as its stability in terms of its eigenvalues, thereby demonstrating how, how well, and what the chaotic system can compute.
Process for selective removal of H/sub 2/S from mixtures containing H/sub 2/S and CO/sub 2/ using diaminoether solutions (1983)

The selective removal of H/sub 2/S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H/sub 2/S and CO/sub 2/ is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a diaminoether wherein at least one amino group is a tertiary amine whereby H/sub 2/S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.
Identification of a Novel Calcium-binding Protein That Interacts with the Integrin αIIb Cytoplasmic Domain (1997)

The mechanism by which platelets regulate the function of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (or GPIIb/IIIa), the platelet fibrinogen receptor, is unknown but may involve the binding of proteins or other factors to integrin cytoplasmic domains. To identify candidate cytoplasmic domain binding proteins, we screened a human fetal liver cDNA library in the yeast two-hybrid system, using the alphaIIb cytoplasmic domain as "bait," and isolated a novel 855-base pair clone. The open reading frame encodes a novel 191-amino acid polypeptide (termed CIB for calcium- and integrin-binding protein) that appears to be specific for the cytoplasmic domain of alphaIIb, since it does not interact with the alphav, alpha2, alpha5, beta1, or beta3 integrin cytoplasmic domains in the yeast two-hybrid system. This protein has sequence homology to two known Ca2+-binding regulatory proteins, calcineurin B (58% similarity) and calmodulin (56% similarity), and has two EF-hand motifs corresponding to the two C-terminal Ca2+ binding domains of these proteins. Moreover, recombinant CIB specifically binds 45Ca2+ in blot overlay assays. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, we detected CIB mRNA and protein ( approximately 25 kDa), respectively, in human platelets. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed using either immobilized recombinant CIB or monoclonal antibody-captured alphaIIbbeta3 indicates a specific interaction between CIB and intact alphaIIbbeta3. These results suggest that CIB is a candidate regulatory molecule for integrin alphaIIbbeta3.
Glucose-Permeable Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels for Corneal Implant Applications: A Pilot Study (2008)

Epithelialization of a keratoprosthesis requires that the implant material be sufficiently permeable to glucose. We have developed a poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PEG/PAA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel that can provide adequate passage of glucose from the aqueous humor to the epithelium in vivo. A series of PEG/PAA IPNs with varying PEG macromonomer molecular weights were synthesized and evaluated through swelling studies to determine their water content and diffusion experiments to assess their permeability to glucose. One of the PEG/PAA hydrogels prepared in this study had a glucose diffusion coefficient nearly identical to that of the human cornea (approximately 2.5 x 10(-6) cm(2)/sec). When implanted intrastromally in rabbit corneas, this hydrogel was retained and well-tolerated in 9 out of 10 cases for a period of 14 days. The retained hydrogels stayed optically clear and the epithelium remained intact and multilayered, indicating that the material facilitated glucose transport from the aqueous humor to the anterior part of the eye. The results from these experiments indicate that PEG/PAA hydrogels are promising candidates for corneal implant applications such as keratoprostheses and intracorneal lenses, and that the PEG/PAA IPN system in general is useful for creating permeable substrates for ophthalmic and other biomedical applications.