gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for real-time power management of a grid-tied microgrid to extend battery lifetime and reduce cost of energy (2012)

Because of different technical and economical concerns, battery is happened to be an inevitable part of a microgrid as well as the most expensive component. This fact brings up the necessity of a real-time power management to guarantee the maximum possible battery lifetime based on the final cost of energy. In this way, this study attempts to present a real-time management framework for a grid-tied microgrid based on battery life and cost estimation. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, a grid-tied commercial microgrid, which is equipped with wind turbine, PV solar panels and Li-Ion battery package, is optimally sized by HOMER <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> and dynamic models of different components have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> . Then, simulation study has been carried out for a year on the system. All data such as load demand, wind, temperature, solar radiation, and time-based electricity tariff are grasped from different places for a year. Results show that the proposed framework effectively extends the battery lifetime while slightly decreases the cost of energy for customer.
Combinations of Polyclonal or Monoclonal Antibodies to Proteins of the Outer Membranes of the Two Infectious Forms of Vaccinia Virus Protect Mice against a Lethal Respiratory Challenge (2005)

Previous studies demonstrated that antibodies to live vaccinia virus infection are needed for optimal protection against orthopoxvirus infection. The present report is the first to compare the protective abilities of individual and combinations of specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that target proteins of the intracellular (IMV) and extracellular (EV) forms of vaccinia virus. The antibodies were directed to one IMV membrane protein, L1, and to two outer EV membrane proteins, A33 and B5. In vitro studies showed that the antibodies to L1 neutralized IMV and that the antibodies to A33 and B5 prevented the spread of EV in liquid medium. Prophylactic administration of individual antibodies to BALB/c mice partially protected them against disease following intranasal challenge with lethal doses of vaccinia virus. Combinations of antibodies, particularly anti-L1 and -A33 or -L1 and -B5, provided enhanced protection when administered 1 day before or 2 days after challenge. Furthermore, the protection was superior to that achieved with pooled immune gamma globulin from human volunteers inoculated with live vaccinia virus. In addition, single injections of anti-L1 plus anti-A33 antibodies greatly delayed the deaths of severe combined immunodeficiency mice challenged with vaccinia virus. These studies suggest that antibodies to two or three viral membrane proteins optimally derived from the outer membranes of IMV and EV, may be beneficial for prophylaxis or therapy of orthopoxvirus infections.
High-reliability GaAs-AlGaAs HBTs by MBE with Be base doping and InGaAs emitter contacts (1991)

The authors have developed a modified MBE growth process to produce high-gain n-p-n GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with a mean time to failure (MTTF) of 1.5*10/sup 8/ h at 125 degrees C. Beryllium incorporation and diffusion are controlled through a combination of reduced substrate temperature and increased As/Ga flux ratio during MBE growth, resulting in extremely stable HBT profiles. The authors also demonstrate graded InGaAs surface layers with nonalloyed refractory metal contacts that significantly improve ohmic reliability compared to alloyed AuGe contacts. The ability to produce robust HBTs by MBE is critically important to this technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure of the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin β-Subunit Fragment from Pregnancy Urine* (1988)

A major portion of the hCG immunoreactivity detectable in pregnancy urine is derived from a fragment of hCG beta. This lacks the COOH-terminal portion of hCG beta, but retains immunoreactivity with most antibodies raised against the beta-subunit of hCG. To improve clinical measurements of hCG and assess the importance of such fragments in human urine, we have isolated and determined the structure of this molecule. The hCG beta fragment was isolated from a partially purified commercial preparation of hCG (Organon) by gel filtration and immunoaffinity chromatography using monoclonal antibodies. It was found to consist of two polypeptide chains composed of residues beta-(6-40) disulfide-bridged to residues beta-(55-92). It also differs from the beta-subunit of hCG in its carbohydrate structure, lacking sialic acid and having a low but variable amount of galactose. A beta-fragment containing the same two NH2-terminal sequences was also isolated from a single pregnant woman's urine. The two major polypeptides comprising the beta-fragment contain a total of nine half-cystine residues, raising the possibility that a free thiol may exist or that a third undetected disulfide-bridged peptide is present in the intact fragment. However, tests for the presence of a free thiol have been negative. Another intrinsic characteristic of the beta-fragment is the formation of a variable amount of dimer in solutions of neutral pH. beta-fragment will not combine with intact alpha-subunit. Despite the absence of regions beta-(1-5), beta-(41-54), and beta-(93-145), the beta fragment is recognized by the SB-6 antibody and most monoclonal antibodies elicited to the beta-subunit, thus excluding half of the amino acids of the beta-subunit from the epitope(s) where these antibodies bind.
Study of Evaluation Criteria for Reservoir Upscaling (2011)

The hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by their distribution of petrophysical properties which are obtained from well data and seismic information. The geological model of the field, called also geostatistical model or fine model, is built with respect to the peculiarities and heterogeneity of the reservoir geometry. Cell size of the geological model is generally small comparing to the field size, and the fine model contains several hundred million of gridblocks. Numerical fluid flow simulations may require a lot of CPU time and are generally impossible to achieve at the detailed scale of the geological model. To reduce the simulation cost in calculation time or to perform a simulation, reservoir engineers upscale the geological model to an upscaled mesh on which the numerical simulations of production can be performed in a satisfactory lapse of time. The equivalent properties obtained on the reservoir model loss detailed geologic information. The purpose thus is to find and study different criteria which can evaluate the characteristics of information loss in reservoir upscaling. On SPE10 test case, the authors show how this criteria can evaluate upscaling results in reservoir engineering.
Bacillus phenylalanine dehydrogenase produced in Escherichia coli. Its purification and application to L-phenylalanine synthesis. (1987)

Wepreviously reported the first purification to homogeneity of a phenylalanine dehydrogenase from a soil isolate, Sporosarcina ureae SCRC-R04.1} Subsequently, we isolated and identified Bacillus sphaericus SCRC-R79a
Controlling Progression of Myopia: Optical and Pharmaceutical Strategies (2018)

The burden associated with the rising prevalence of myopia and high myopia, and the associated vision impairment and sight-threatening complications, has triggered the need to evaluate strategies to control the progression of myopia. We provide an overview of the literature on the use of optical (spectacles, contact lenses, and orthokeratology) and pharmaceutical approaches to slow progress of myopia. The evidence indicates that myopia progression can be slowed by varying degrees using these strategies. All approaches play a role in the management of myopia as needs and requirements of an individual vary based on age, suitability, affordability, safety of the approach, subjective needs of the individual, and rate of progression. This review also identifies and discusses the lack of long-term efficacy data and rebound on discontinuation of myopia control products.
Iterative image warping technique for temporal subtraction of sequential chest radiographs to detect interval change (1999)

A temporal subtraction technique has been developed to assist radiologists in the detection of interval changes on chest radiographs. Although the overall performance of the current temporal subtraction technique is relatively good, severe misregistration errors, mainly due to AP inclination and/or rotation, are observed in some cases. In order to reduce these errors, we attempted to improve the subtraction scheme by applying an iterative image warping technique. In cases obtained with the new temporal subtraction technique 177 (97.8%) of 181 showed adequate, good, or excellent quality. We also found that 156 (86.2%) of cases obtained with the new scheme showed improvements in the quality of the subtraction images compared with the previous scheme. The results indicate that the performance of the temporal subtraction technique was greatly improved by use of the iterative image warping technique.
Multi-Task Domain Adaptation for Deep Learning of Instance Grasping from Simulation (2017)

Learning-based approaches to robotic manipulation are limited by the scalability of data collection and accessibility of labels. In this paper, we present a multi-task domain adaptation framework for instance grasping in cluttered scenes by utilizing simulated robot experiments. Our neural network takes monocular RGB images and the instance segmentation mask of a specified target object as inputs, and predicts the probability of successfully grasping the specified object for each candidate motor command. The proposed transfer learning framework trains a model for instance grasping in simulation and uses a domain-adversarial loss to transfer the trained model to real robots using indiscriminate grasping data, which is available both in simulation and the real world. We evaluate our model in real-world robot experiments, comparing it with alternative model architectures as well as an indiscriminate grasping baseline.
Design of a novel interior permanent magnet axial flux machine (2017)

Axial flux machines (AFMs) are used in applications that require high power and torque densities in a pancake-type form factor. There are various types of AFMs based on the configuration of the rotor/stator and permanent magnet (PM) orientation. Most AFMs employ surface permanent magnet machines and as the result, the machine has low inductance and saliency. In this paper, an axial flux machine with interior V-shaped permanent magnets is proposed. The machine is designed in a double stator single rotor (DSSR) configuration to attain balanced axial forces. The interior permanent magnet (IPM) AFM has higher inductance and saliency. This enables the machine to operate in a wide speed range. Furthermore, the use of magnet and reluctance torque allows the machine to reduce the magnet usage for the same power rating. The paper presents the structure, operating principle, design considerations and a comparison with existing AFM topologies. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) models are used in the design procedure to design machines achieving the maximum torque density while staying within the mechanical and electrical constraints.
Metal–Polymer Composite Interconnections for Ultra Fine-Pitch Wafer Level Packaging (2007)

The decrease in feature sizes of microelectronic devices has underlined the need for higher number of input-outputs (I/Os) in order to increase its functionality. This has spurred a great interest in developing electronic packages with fine and ultra fine pitches (20-100 mum). Most of the compliant interconnects that are currently being developed have inductance and resistance higher than desirable. This paper presents a novel low-temperature fabrication process that combines polymer structures with electroless copper plating to create low stress composite structures for extremely fine-pitch wafer level packages. Analytical models for these structures justify the stress reduction at the interfaces and superior reliability as integrated circuit (IC)-package interconnects. Low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) polyimide structures with ultra-low stress, high toughness, and strength were fabricated using plasma etching. The dry etching process was tuned to yield a wall angle above 80deg. The etching process also leads to roughened sidewalls for selective electroless copper plating on the sidewalls of polymer structures. This work also describes a selective electroless plating synthesis route to develop thin IC-package bonding interfaces with lead-free solder. Lead-free alloy films were deposited from aqueous plating solutions consisting of suitable metal salts and reducing agents at 45degC. The lead-free solder composition was controlled by altering the plating bath formulation. Solder film formed from the above approach was demonstrated to bond the metal-coated polymer interconnects with the copper pads on the substrate using a standard reflow process. Metal-coated polymer structures in conjunction with the thin solder bonding films can provide low-cost high-performance solutions for wafer-level packaging.
On Quiescent Reliable Communication (2000)

We study the problem of achieving reliable communication with quiescent algorithms (i.e., algorithms that eventually stop sending messages) in asynchronous systems with process crashes and lossy links. We first show that it is impossible to solve this problem in asynchronous systems (with no failure detectors). We then show that, among failure detectors that output lists of suspects, the weakest one that can be used to solve this problem is $\diamond \cal P,$ a failure detector that cannot be implemented. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce an implementable failure detector called Heartbeat and show that it can be used to achieve quiescent reliable communication. Heartbeat is novel: in contrast to typical failure detectors, it does not output lists of suspects and it is implementable without timeouts. With Heartbeat, many existing algorithms that tolerate only process crashes can be transformed into quiescent algorithms that tolerate both process crashes and message losses. This can be applied to consensus, atomic broadcast, k-set agreement, atomic commitment, etc.
Comprehensive Serum Profiling for the Discovery of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers (2011)

FDA-cleared ovarian cancer biomarkers are limited to CA-125 and HE4 for monitoring and recurrence and OVA1, a multivariate panel consisting of CA-125 and four additional biomarkers, for referring patients to a specialist. Due to relatively poor performance of these tests, more accurate and broadly applicable biomarkers are needed. We evaluated the dysregulation of 259 candidate cancer markers in serum samples from 499 patients. Sera were collected prospectively at 11 monitored sites under a single well-defined protocol. All stages of ovarian cancer and common benign gynecological conditions were represented. To ensure consistency and comparability of biomarker comparisons, all measurements were performed on a single platform, at a single site, using a panel of rigorously calibrated, qualified, high-throughput, multiplexed immunoassays and all analyses were conducted using the same software. Each marker was evaluated independently for its ability to differentiate ovarian cancer from benign conditions. A total of 175 markers were dysregulated in the cancer samples. HE4 (AUC=0.933) and CA-125 (AUC=0.907) were the most informative biomarkers, followed by IL-2 receptor α, α1-antitrypsin, C-reactive protein, YKL-40, cellular fibronectin, CA-72-4 and prostasin (AUC>0.800). To improve the discrimination between cancer and benign conditions, a simple multivariate combination of markers was explored using logistic regression. When combined into a single panel, the nine most informative individual biomarkers yielded an AUC value of 0.950, significantly higher than obtained when combining the markers in the OVA1 panel (AUC 0.912). Additionally, at a threshold sensitivity of 90%, the combination of the top 9 markers gave 88.9% specificity compared to 63.4% specificity for the OVA1 markers. Although a blinded validation study has not yet been performed, these results indicate that alternative biomarker combinations might lead to significant improvements in the detection of ovarian cancer.
Gaussian model adaptive time domain filter (GMAT) for weather radars (2008)

This paper presents an adaptive time domain filter for ground clutter filtering and signal parameter estimation for dual-polarization capable weather radars. The auto-covariance function of radar signal can be expressed as a sum of auto-covariance functions of the clutter, precipitation and noise that follow Gaussian forms. The filter matrix is designed such as when it is applied to the time series data, clutter component in the signal will be transformed to noise (i.e. the auto-covariance matrix is diagonal). However, weather echoes overlap clutter are also suppressed. An interpolation procedure then is used to recover the transformed part of the weather. The proposed design overcomes limitations of current spectral processing method caused by finite length of the data. A unique filter can be designed to use for both H and V channels for dual-pol parameter estimation. This way ensures the correlation between the two channels and minimizes estimate errors. In addition, the filter can be directly extended for staggered PRT 2/3 sampling scheme. The filter performance analysis was done using simulated time series radar data and CSU-CHILL measurements.
A new battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2009)

In this paper, a new battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed for electric drive vehicles including electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Compared to the conventional HESS design, which requires a larger DC/DC converter to interface between the ultra-capacitor and the battery/DC link, the new design uses a much smaller DC/DC converter to maintain the voltage of the ultra-capacitor at a value higher than the battery voltage. In addition, the battery directly provides power when the ultracapacitor voltage drops below the battery voltage. Therefore, a relatively constant load profile is created for the battery. In addition, the battery is not used to directly harvest energy from the regenerative braking; thus, the battery is isolated from random charges, which will increase the life of the battery. The proposed topology has the possibility of utilizing the system configuration for fast charging via the ultra-capacitor.
Toroidal Zinc Poly(Aminoamine)Phthalocyanine Dendron Synthesis (2010)

フタロシアニン類はガン光線力学療法用（PDT）の次世代光増感剤として重要な機能性物質と期待されている。低世代ポリ（アミノアミン）デンドロンを有する新規環状亜鉛ポリ（アミノアミン）フタロシアニンデンドロン類を分子設計のうえ，合成した。それらは生物学的親和性と光捕集能力ばかりでなくPDT能を促進する。ガン細胞を用いたPDT能率を新規環状亜鉛ポリ（アミノアミン）フタロシアニンデンドロン類で評価を行った。
Tracking Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells during and after Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2007)

During acute hepatitis C a CD4+ T cell response against this epitope is readily induced in most, if not all, HLA-DR1+ patients. This antiviral T cell population becomes functionally impaired or is deleted early in the course of disease in those where viremia persists.
Lattice filter for waveform or speech synthesis circuits using digital logic (1982)

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Performance of a Multiple-Injection Dry Low NOx Combustor With Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuels (2012)

An oxygen-blown integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant with precombustion carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is one of the most promising means of zero-emission generation of power from coal. In an IGCC plant with CCS, hydrogen-rich syngas with a wide variation of hydrogen contents is supplied to a gas turbine. Such hydrogen-rich syngas poses a great challenge to a low NOx combustor based on premixed combustion technology, because its high flame speed, low ignition energy, and broad flammability limits can cause flashback and/or autoignition. On the contrary, a diffusion combustor suffers from the high flame temperature of syngas and the resulting high NOx emission. The authors applied a “multi-injection burner” concept to a preliminary burner for hydrogen-rich syngas simulating that from IGCC with CCS. In a preliminary experiment under atmospheric pressure, the multi-injection burner worked without any flashback or any blowout. A prototype multicluster combustor based on the results of that preliminary study was made to be a dry low NOx combustor for hydrogen-rich syngas of IGCC with CCS. It was tested in experiments, which were carried out under medium pressure (0.6 MPa) using test fuels simulating syngas from IGCC with a 0% carbon capture rate, a 30% carbon capture rate, and a 50% carbon capture rate. The test fuels contained hydrogen, methane, and nitrogen, and had a hydrogen content ranging from 40% to 65%.The following conclusions were drawn from the test results: (1) the tested combustor allows the stable combustion of fuels simulating 0%, 30%, and 50% CCS, (2) a convex perforated plate swirler is effective to suppress combustion oscillation, which allows NOx emissions to be less than 10 ppm through the variation of fuel simulating 0%, 30%, and 50% CCS, (3) the extended stable combustion region and enhanced entrainment and mixing due to the convex perforated plate improves the cooling of the combustor liner metal to be less than the liner metal temperature criterion.
Retrospective estimation and correction of physiological fluctuation in functional MRI (1995)

Image-to-image fluctuation due to physiological motion is a major limitation to the accurate detection of neuronal activity with functional MRI. In this paper, a new and general technique for the estimation and compensation of the physiological effects is presented. By simultaneously monitoring the respiration and heart beat during the acquisition of imaging data, and retrospectively synchronizing the imaging data with physiological activity, physiological effects are estimated and removed. This technique does not rely on the periodicity of the respiration or the heart beat, does not affect the signal changes arising from neuronal activation, and is beneficial to images acquired with any speed. Experimental studies performed with FLASH and EPI sequences have demonstrated that the new technique is effective in reducing physiological fluctuation and improving the sensitivity of functional MRI and is generally applicable.