gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, and polysiloxanes containing 4-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-.alpha.-methylstilbene based mesogenic groups (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, and polysiloxanes containing 4-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-.alpha.-methylstilbene based mesogenic groupsVirgil Percec and Dimitris TomazosCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 5, 2062–2069Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00195a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00195a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A focused crawler for Dark Web forums (2010)

Abstract The unprecedented growth of the Internet has given rise to the Dark Web, the problematic facet of the Web associated with cybercrime, hate, and extremism. Despite the need for tools to collect and analyze Dark Web forums, the covert nature of this part of the Internet makes traditional Web crawling techniques insufficient for capturing such content. In this study, we propose a novel crawling system designed to collect Dark Web forum content. The system uses a human‐assisted accessibility approach to gain access to Dark Web forums. Several URL ordering features and techniques enable efficient extraction of forum postings. The system also includes an incremental crawler coupled with a recall‐improvement mechanism intended to facilitate enhanced retrieval and updating of collected content. Experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the human‐assisted accessibility approach and the recall‐improvement‐based, incremental‐update procedure yielded favorable results. The human‐assisted approach significantly improved access to Dark Web forums while the incremental crawler with recall improvement also outperformed standard periodic‐ and incremental‐update approaches. Using the system, we were able to collect over 100 Dark Web forums from three regions. A case study encompassing link and content analysis of collected forums was used to illustrate the value and importance of gathering and analyzing content from such online communities.
Bioluminescent Liquid Light Guide Pad Biosensor for Indoor Air Toxicity Monitoring (2015)

Indoor air pollution became a recent concern found to be oftentimes worse than outdoor air quality. We developed a tool that is cheap and simple and enables continuous monitoring of air toxicity. It is a biosensor with both a nondisposable (monitor) and disposable (calcium alginate pads with immobilized bacteria) elements. Various parameters to enhance its signal have been tested (including the effect of the pad's orientation, it's exposure to either temperature or time with the air toxicant analyte, and various concentrations thereof). Lastly, the sensor has demonstrated its ability to sense the presence of chemicals in a real, indoor environment. This is the first step in the creation of a sensitive and simple operative tool that may be used in different indoor environments.
<i>HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor</i> gene mRNA supports proliferation of adult T cell leukemia cells (2006)

Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) causes adult T cell leukemia (ATL) in 2-5% of carriers after a long latent period. An HTLV-I encoded protein, Tax, induces proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, resulting in clonal proliferation of infected cells. However, tax gene expression in ATL cells is disrupted by several mechanisms, including genetic changes in the tax gene and DNA methylation/deletion of the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR). Because Tax is the major target of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vivo, loss of Tax expression should enable ATL cells to escape the host immune system. The 5' LTR of HTLV-I is frequently hypermethylated or deleted in ATL cells, whereas the 3' LTR remains unmethylated and intact, suggesting the involvement of the 3' LTR in leukemogenesis. Here we show that a gene encoded by the minus strand of the HTLV-I proviral genome, HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), is transcribed from 3'-LTR in all ATL cells. Suppression of HBZ gene transcription by short interfering RNA inhibits proliferation of ATL cells. In addition, HBZ gene expression promotes proliferation of a human T cell line. Analyses of T cell lines transfected with mutated HBZ genes showed that HBZ promotes T cell proliferation in its RNA form, whereas HBZ protein suppresses Tax-mediated viral transcription through the 5' LTR. Thus, the single HBZ gene has bimodal functions in two different molecular forms. The growth-promoting activity of HBZ RNA likely plays an important role in oncogenesis by HTLV-I.
Tbx3: another important piece fitted into the pluripotent stem cell puzzle (2010)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are novel tools for biomedical research, with a promise for future regenerative medicine applications. Recently, Han and colleagues reported in Nature that T box gene 3 (Tbx3) can improve the quality of mouse iPSCs and increase their germline transmission efficacy. This observation contributes greatly to the improvement of iPSC technology and might be a step towards 'designer' reprogramming strategies by generating high quality iPSCs. Further studies comparing pluripotency regulation in different species, including that in human, will be necessary to verify the universal role of Tbx3 and the medical relevance of the observation.
SPECTROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SKIN AUTOFLUORESCENCE EMISSION (1995)

To improve the understanding of human skin autofluorescence emission, the spectroscopic and microscopic characteristics of skin autofluorescence were studied using a combined fluorescence and reflectance spectroanalyzer and a fiber optic microspectrophotometer. The autofluorescence spectra of in vivo human skin were measured over a wide excitation wavelength range (350-470 nm). The excitation-emission matrices of in vivo skin were obtained. An excitation-emission maximum pair (380 nm, 470 nm) was identified. It was revealed that the most probable energy of skin autofluorescence emission photons increases monotonically and near linearly with increasing excitation photon energy. It was demonstrated that the diffuse reflectance, R, can be used as a first order approximation of the fluorescence distortion factor f to correct the measured in vivo autofluorescence spectra for the effect of tissue reabsorption and scattering. The microscopic in vitro autofluorescence properties of excised skin tissue sections were examined using 442 nm He-Cd laser light excitation as an example. It was demonstrated that the fluorophore distribution inside the skin tissue is not uniform and the shapes of the autofluorescence spectra of different anatomical skin layers vary. The result of this study confirms that the major skin fluorophores are located in the dermis and provides an excellent foundation for Monte Carlo modeling of in vivo autofluorescence measurements.
Recognition of Sulfation Pattern of Chondroitin Sulfate by Uronosyl 2-O-Sulfotransferase (2005)

We have shown previously that a highly sulfated sequence, GalNAc(4,6-SO(4))-GlcA(2SO(4))-GalNAc(6SO(4)), is present at the nonreducing terminal of chondroitin sulfate (CS), and this structure was synthesized from a unique sequence, GalNAc(4SO(4))-GlcA(2SO(4))-GalNAc(6SO(4)), by sulfation with N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase. Uronosyl 2-O-sulfotrasferase (2OST), which transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 2 of the GlcA residue of CS, is expected to be involved in synthesis of these structures; however, the specificity of 2OST concerning recognition of the sulfation pattern of the acceptor has largely remained unclear. In the present study, we examined the specificity of 2OST in terms of recognition of the sulfation pattern around the targeting GlcA residue. The recombinant 2OST could sulfate CS-A, CS-C, and desulfated dermatan sulfate. When [(35)S]glycosaminoglycans formed from CS-A after the reaction with the recombinant 2OST and [(35)S]PAPS were subjected to limited digestion with chondroitinase ACII, a radioactive tetrasaccharide (Tetra A) was obtained as a sole intermediate product. The sequence of Tetra A was found to be DeltaHexA-GalNAc(4SO(4))-GlcA(2SO(4))-GalNAc(6SO(4)) by enzymatic and chemical reactions. These observations indicate that 2OST transfers sulfate preferentially to the GlcA residue located in a unique sequence, -GalNAc(4SO(4))-GlcA-GalNAc(6SO(4))-. When oligosaccharides with different sulfation patterns were used as the acceptor, GalNAc(4SO(4))-GlcA-GalNAc(6SO(4)) and GlcA-GalNAc(4SO(4))-GlcA-GalNAc(6SO(4)) were the best acceptors for 2OST among trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides, respectively. These results suggest that 2OST may be involved in the synthesis of the highly sulfated structure found in CS-A.
Escherichia coli mutant with altered respiratory control of the frd operon (1985)

In wild-type Escherichia coli, fumarate reductase encoded by the frd operon is inducible by its substrate in the absence of molecular oxygen and nitrate. Synthesis of this enzyme under permissive conditions requires the fnr+ gene product, which is believed to be a pleiotropic regulatory protein that activates transcription. A spontaneous mutant was isolated in which the expression of the frd operon no longer depended on the presence of fumarate or the fnr+ gene product. Aerobic repression of the operon was abolished, but nitrate repression remained intact. Transductional analysis showed that the mutation was closely linked to the frd locus. The mutant phenotype strongly suggests that repression by molecular oxygen and nitrate is mediated by different mechanisms.
A hardware-Trojan classification method utilizing boundary net structures (2018)

Recently, cybersecurity has become a serious concern for us. For example, the threats of hardware Trojans (malfunctions inserted into hardware devices) have appeared. Since hardware vendors often outsource parts of their hardware products to third-party vendors, the risk of hardware-Trojan insertion has been increased. Especially in the hardware design step, malicious vendors have a chance to insert hardware Trojans easily. In this paper, we propose a hardware-Trojan classification method utilizing boundary net structures. To begin with, we use a machine-learning-based hardware-Trojan detection method and classify the nets in a given netlist into a set of normal nets and that of Trojan nets. Based on the classification, we investigate the nets around the boundary between normal nets and Trojan nets and extract the features of the nets identified to be normal nets or Trojan nets mistakenly. Finally, using the classification results of machine-learning-based hardware-Trojan detection and the extracted features of the boundary nets, we classify the nets in a given netlist into a set of normal nets and that of Trojan nets again. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms an existing machine-learning-based hardware-Trojan detection method in terms of true positive rate.
Features of spherical torus plasmas (1986)

The spherical torus is a very small aspect ratio (A < 2) confinement concept obtained by retaining only the indispensable components, such as the toroidal field coils, inboard to the plasma torus. MHD equilibrium calculations show that spherical torus plasmas with an edge safety factor qa > 2 are characterized by high toroidal beta (βt > 0.2), low poloidal beta (βp < 0.3), naturally large elongation (κ ≅ 2), large plasma current with Ip/(aBt0) up to about 7 MA·mT−1, strong paramagnetism (Bt/Bt0 > 1.5), and strong magnetic helical pitch (Θ comparable to F). A large near-omnigeneous region is seen in the large major radius, bad curvature region of the plasma in comparison with the conventional tokamaks. These features combine to engender the spherical torus plasma in a unique physics regime which permits compact fusion at low field and modest cost. Because of its strong paramagnetism and helical pitch, the spherical torus plasma shares some of the desirable features of spheromak and reversed-field pinch (RFP) plasmas, but with tokamak-like confinement and safety factor q. The general class of spherical tori, which includes the spherical tokamak (q>1), the spherical pinch (1>q>0), and the spherical RFP (q<0), have magnetic field configurations unique in comparison with conventional tokamaks and RFPs.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model fed a choline‐deficient, L‐amino acid‐defined, high‐fat diet (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer worldwide and represents the outcome of the natural history of chronic liver disease. The growing rates of HCC may be partially attributable to increased numbers of people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, details of the liver-specific molecular mechanisms responsible for the NAFLD-NASH-HCC progression remain unclear, and mouse models that can be used to explore the exact factors that influence the progression of NAFLD/NASH to the more chronic stages of liver disease and subsequent HCC are not yet fully established. We have previously reported a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) as a dietary NASH model with rapidly progressive liver fibrosis in mice. The current study in C57BL/6J mice fed CDAHFD provided evidence for the chronic persistence of advanced hepatic fibrosis in NASH and disease progression towards HCC in a period of 36 weeks. When mice fed CDAHFD were switched back to a standard diet, hepatic steatosis was normalized and NAFLD activity score improved, but HCC incidence increased and the phenotype of fibrosis-associated HCC development was observed. Moreover, when mice continued to be fed CDAHFD for 60 weeks, HCC further developed without severe body weight loss or carcinogenesis in other organs. The autochthonous tumours showed a variety of histological features and architectural patterns including trabecular, pseudoglandular and solid growth. The CDAHFD mouse model might be a useful tool for studying the development of HCC from NAFLD/NASH, and potentially useful for better understanding pathological changes during hepatocarcinogenesis.
4-1BB Ligand Activates Bystander Dendritic Cells To Enhance Immunization <i>in Trans</i> (2014)

Expression of the costimulatory receptor 4-1BB is induced by TCR recognition of Ag, whereas 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) is highly expressed on activated APC. 4-1BB signaling is particularly important for survival of activated and memory CD8(+) T cells. We wished to test whether coexpression of Ag and 4-1BBL by dendritic cells (DC) would be an effective vaccine strategy. Therefore, we constructed lentiviral vectors (LV) coexpressing 4-1BBL and influenza nucleoprotein (NP). Following s.c. immunization of mice, which targets DC, we found superior CD8(+) T cell responses against NP and protection from influenza when 4-1BBL was expressed. However, functionally superior CD8(+) T cell responses were obtained when two LV were coinjected: one expressing 4-1BBL and the other expressing NP. This surprising result suggested that 4-1BBL is more effective when expressed in trans, acting on adjacent DC. Therefore, we investigated the effect of LV expression of 4-1BBL in mouse DC cultures and observed induced maturation of bystander, untransduced cells. Maturation was blocked by anti-4-1BBL Ab, required cell-cell contact, and did not require the cytoplasmic signaling domain of 4-1BBL. Greater maturation of untransduced cells could be explained by LV expression of 4-1BBL, causing downregulation of 4-1BB. These data suggest that coexpression of 4-1BBL and Ag by vaccine vectors that target DC may not be an optimal strategy. However, 4-1BBL LV immunization activates significant numbers of bystander DC in the draining lymph nodes. Therefore, transactivation by 4-1BBL/4-1BB interaction following DC-DC contact may play a role in the immune response to infection or vaccination.
Non-Attentive Tacotron: Robust and Controllable Neural TTS Synthesis Including Unsupervised Duration Modeling (2020)

This paper presents Non-Attentive Tacotron based on the Tacotron 2 text-to-speech model, replacing the attention mechanism with an explicit duration predictor. This improves robustness significantly as measured by unaligned duration ratio and word deletion rate, two metrics introduced in this paper for large-scale robustness evaluation using a pre-trained speech recognition model. With the use of Gaussian upsampling, Non-Attentive Tacotron achieves a 5-scale mean opinion score for naturalness of 4.41, slightly outperforming Tacotron 2. The duration predictor enables both utterance-wide and per-phoneme control of duration at inference time. When accurate target durations are scarce or unavailable in the training data, we propose a method using a fine-grained variational auto-encoder to train the duration predictor in a semi-supervised or unsupervised manner, with results almost as good as supervised training.
Gd‐DTPA‐loaded PLGA microbubbles as both ultrasound contrast agent and MRI contrast agent—A feasibility research (2010)

Gd-DTPA-loaded PLGA microbubbles could enhance both ultrasound imaging and MRI imaging.
Efficient Deep Neural Network Serving: Fast and Furious (2018)

The emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) as a state-of-the-art machine learning technique has enabled a variety of artificial intelligence applications for image recognition, speech recognition and translation, drug discovery, and machine vision. These applications are backed by large DNN models running in serving mode on a cloud computing infrastructure to process client inputs such as images, speech segments, and text segments. Given the compute-intensive nature of large DNN models, a key challenge for DNN serving systems is to minimize the request response latencies. This paper characterizes the behavior of different parallelism techniques for supporting scalable and responsive serving systems for large DNNs. We identify and model two important properties of DNN workloads: 1) homogeneous request service demand and 2) interference among requests running concurrently due to cache/memory contention. These properties motivate the design of serving deep learning systems fast (SERF), a dynamic scheduling framework that is powered by an interference-aware queueing-based analytical model. To minimize response latency for DNN serving, SERF quickly identifies and switches to the optimal parallel configuration of the serving system by using both empirical and analytical methods. Our evaluation of SERF using several well-known benchmarks demonstrates its good latency prediction accuracy, its ability to correctly identify optimal parallel configurations for each benchmark, its ability to adapt to changing load conditions, and its efficiency advantage (by at least three orders of magnitude faster) over exhaustive profiling. We also demonstrate that SERF supports other scheduling objectives and can be extended to any general machine learning serving system with the similar parallelism properties as above.
Particle-inflow-gun-mediated genetic transformation of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.): optimizing biological and physical parameters. (2001)

The present study was conducted to optimize various biological and physical parameters for developing an efficient and reproducible gene transfer method for genetic transformation of buffel grass. Transformation was carried out using a helium-driven particle inflow gun (PIG). Embryogenic calli produced from mature seeds of buffel grass cv. CC-119 were separately bombarded with four plasmids, containing Actin (pAct1DX), Ubiquitin (pAHC-25; pAHC-27) and CaMV-35S (pCaMVGUS) promoters, coated on tungsten and gold particles. The efficiency of transformation was monitored through transient GUS expression. Different parameters, viz., the type of promoter, type and size of microcarrier, helium gas pressure, distance and time of bombardment, were standardized for delivering DNA into embryogenic calli. Bombardment with plasmid DNA carrying the actin promoter coated on 1.6 micro gold particles, at a helium pressure of 4 bars, a distance of 10 cm for 10 micro sec and 28 mm Hg vacuum in the chamber, produced the best result in transient GUS expression. The Actin promoter was found to be more efficient in driving expression of the GUS gene in buffel grass, followed by Ubiquitin and CaMV-35S promoters. Lower helium pressure was found to be sub-optimal, while higher pressure produced a smaller number of blue spots, probably due to excessive damage to the cells. Maximum of 385 blue spots was observed with gold particles of 1.6 micro size, whereas only 213 blue spots were recorded for tungsten particles of 1.0 micro size. The optimized parameters can be employed for genetic transformation of buffel grass with genes of agronomic importance.
RFID-based Smart Blood Stock System [Education Column] (2015)

A complete UHF radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based system capable of localizing individual blood bags inside storage cabinet drawers is presented. It was developed to demonstrate the improvement possibility of current blood stock management systems and as the submission to the 2014 IEEE AP-S Student Design Contest: Antennas for RFID Application. The system is composed of a cabinet model, a transceiver unit, and a PC with the controlling software. A new implementation of pseudolocalization principle is used to localize the blood bags that are equipped with dedicated passive tags designed to be resilient to blood proximity and small size. The detector antennas are placed at the drawers bottoms and additional passive tags are utilized to identify individual locations in each drawer. The transceiver unit is made from off-the-shelf commercial electronic boards and wirelessly controlled by software run on the PC. The entire system is small, transportable, battery powered, and low cost.
Fixed Point Results for F-Contractions in Cone Metric Spaces over Topological Modules and Applications to Integral Equations (2021)

In this paper, the concept of F-contraction was generalized for cone metric spaces over topological left modules and some fixed point results were obtained for self-mappings satisfying a contractive condition of this type. Some applications of the main result to the study of the existence and uniqueness of the solutions for certain types of integral equations were presented in the last part of the article, one of them being a fractional integral equation.