gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machinability of Hypo-Eutectoid Graphitic Steels (1988)

In order to develop a new type of free cutting steel, machinability tests have been carried out for a series of hypo-eutectoid graphitic steels composed of ferrite matrices and graphite nodules.In the presence of the graphite nodules the frictional coefficient between tool and chip decreased and the shear angle of chip increased. Therefore, the cutting forces decreased with increasing volume fraction of graphite. The lubrication effect of the graphite nodules became remarkable as the mean diameter of the graphite nodule increased and the mean ferrite path between graphite nodules decreased.The hypo-eutectoid graphitic steels exhibited an excellent chip-disposability because the curvature of chip is small and the graphite nodules promotes the crack propagation in chip.The influence of graphite nodules on the surface roughness was found to be disregarded from a practical point of view.It was concluded that the hypo-eutectoid graphitic steel having an appropriate structure of matrices and graphite nodules can be good free cutting structural steel.
Realization of &#x2208;-negative-near-zero metamaterial liners for circular waveguides (2013)

This paper investigates the realization of epsilon-negative and near-zero (ENNZ) metamaterial liners for below-cutoff propagation in circular waveguides using an inductively loaded thin-wire grid composed of radially and azimuthally directed wires. Full-wave parametric simulations show how parameters such as periodicity in ρ, φ, and z, along with the degree of inductive loading can alter the dispersion of the structure's supported modes.
On the Development of a New Countermeasure Based on a Laser Attack RTL Fault Model (2016)

Secure integrated circuits that implement cryptographic algorithms (e.g., AES) require protection against laser attacks. The goal of such attacks is to inject errors during the computation and then use these errors to retrieve the secret key. Laser attacks can produce single or multiple-bit errors, but have a local and usually transient impact in the circuit. In order to detect such attacks, countermeasures must take into account the circuit implementation. This paper proposes a countermeasure implemented at the Register Transfer Level (RTL) according to a previously proposed laser attack RTL fault model. Efficiency of the implemented countermeasure is evaluated on a case study in terms of area overhead, error detection rates at RTL and fault detection capabilities with respect to layout information.
Identification of Lin–Sca1+kit+CD34+Flt3– short-term hematopoietic stem cells capable of rapidly reconstituting and rescuing myeloablated transplant recipients (2004)

In clinical bone marrow transplantation, the severe cytopenias induced by bone marrow ablation translate into high risks of developing fatal infections and bleedings, until transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have replaced sufficient myeloerythroid offspring. Although adult long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) are absolutely required and at the single-cell level sufficient for sustained reconstitution of all blood cell lineages, they have been suggested to be less efficient at rapidly reconstituting the hematopoietic system and rescuing myeloablated recipients. Such a function has been proposed to rather be mediated by less well-defined short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs). Herein, we demonstrate that Lin(-)Sca1(+)kit(hi)CD34+ short-term reconstituting cells contain 2 phenotypically and functionally distinct subpopulations: Lin(-)Sca1(+)kit(hi)CD34(+)flt3- cells fulfilling all criteria of ST-HSCs, capable of rapidly reconstituting myelopoiesis, rescuing myeloablated mice, and generating Lin(-)Sca1(+)kit(hi)CD34(+)flt3+ cells, responsible primarily for rapid lymphoid reconstitution. Representing the first commitment steps from Lin(-)Sca1(+)kit(hi) CD34(-)flt3- LT-HSCs, their identification will greatly facilitate delineation of regulatory pathways controlling HSC fate decisions and identification of human ST-HSCs responsible for rapid reconstitution following HSC transplantations.
Antibacterial Efficiency of Graphene Nanosheets against Pathogenic Bacteria via Lipid Peroxidation (2012)

Graphene nanosheets are highly recognized for their utility toward the development of biomedical device applications. The present study investigated the antibacterial efficiency of graphene nanosheets against four types of pathogenic bacteria. Graphene nanosheets are synthesized by a hydrothermal approach (under alkaline conditions using hydrazine hydrate). UV–vis and X-ray diffraction show a maximum absorbance at 267 nm and appearance of new broad diffraction peak at 26°, which ensures the reduction of graphene oxide into graphene nanosheets. Stretching and bending vibrations of C–C bonds, chemical states, disorder, and defects associated with the graphene nanosheets are evaluated in comparison with graphene oxide. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of graphene nanosheets against pathogenic bacteria was evaluated by a microdilution method. MICs such as 1 μg/mL (against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium), 8 μg/mL (against Enterococcus faecalis), and 4 μg/mL (against Bacillus subtilis) suggest that graphene nanosheets have predominant antibacterial activity compared to the standard antibiotic, kanamycin. Measurement of free radical modulation activity of graphene nanosheets suggested the involvement of reactive oxygen species in antibacterial properties.
Two-dimensional thermal video analysis of offshore bird and bat flight (2015)

Thermal infrared video can provide essential information about bird and bat presence and activity for risk assessment studies, but the analysis of recorded video can be time-consuming and may not extract all of the available information. Automated processing makes continuous monitoring over extended periods of time feasible, and maximizes the information provided by video. This is especially important for collecting data in remote locations that are difficult for human observers to access, such as proposed offshore wind turbine sites. We present guidelines for selecting an appropriate thermal camera based on environmental conditions and the physical characteristics of the target animals. We developed new video image processing algorithms that automate the extraction of bird and bat flight tracks from thermal video, and that characterize the extracted tracks to support animal identification and behavior inference. The algorithms use a video peak store process followed by background masking and perceptual grouping to extract flight tracks. The extracted tracks are automatically quantified in terms that could then be used to infer animal type and possibly behavior. The developed automated processing generates results that are reproducible and verifiable, and reduces the total amount of video data that must be retained and reviewed by human experts. Finally, we suggest models for interpreting thermal imaging information.
A Study on the Concept and Implementation of Digital Library : A Case of Ajou Research Information Service System (1999)

In this paper, the concept of digital library is presented on the basis of library's trend and advent of digital library. And this paper introduces Ajou University's academic in-formation service system as a epitome of digital library from the viewpoint of user centered information service.
Textile Fiber Optic Microbend Sensor Used for Heartbeat and Respiration Monitoring (2014)

This paper reports on a textile fiber optic microbend sensor for heartbeat and respiration monitoring. A section of multimode optical fiber sandwiched between parallel strips acting as a microbender is being integrated onto an elastic substrate. Its design is based on fiber microbending effects. The textile sensor can be used to measure heartbeat and respiration rate simultaneously during standing and sitting position. The detected heart rates from our sensor are in good agreement with that from the commercial SpO2, whereas the respiration rate is verified by counting the breathing manually. We characterize the frequency response of the sensor with a simulation setup and find that the sensitivity of the sensor is large enough at 105 r/min although it decreases with the increase of the motor speed. The textile fiber optic sensor is very comfortable to wear due to the elastic nature of the substrate.
Sensing WiFi packets in the air (2014)

Mobile sensing systems employ various sensors in smartphones to extract human-related information. As the demand for sensing systems increases, a more effective mechanism is required to sense information about human life. In this paper, we present a systematic study on the feasibility and gaining properties of a crowdsensing system that primarily concerns sensing WiFi packets in the air. We propose that this method is effective for estimating urban mobility by using only a small number of participants. During a seven-week deployment, we collected smartphone sensor data, including approximately four million WiFi packets from more than 130,000 unique devices in a city. Our analysis of this dataset examines core issues in urban mobility monitoring, including feasibility, spatio-temporal coverage, scalability, and threats to privacy. Collectively, our findings provide valuable insights to guide the development of new mobile sensing systems for urban life monitoring.
Evaluating the results of laparoscopic surgery for common bile duct stones (2020)

Tóm tắt Đặt vấn đề: Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật nội soi điều trị sỏi đường mật. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu mô tả trên 203 người bệnh, được chẩn đoán sỏi đường mật chính, được phẫu thuật nội soi lấy sỏi tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An từ 01/01/2014 đến 01/06/2019. Kết quả: Tổng số 203 người bệnh với 74 nam (36,5%), 129 nữ (63,5%); độ tuổi trung bình 63,62 ± 17,7 (17 - 94) tuổi. Phẫu thuật mở ống mật chủ lấy sỏi, dẫn lưu Kehr 43,8%; mở ống mật chủ + dẫn lưu Kehr + cắt túi mật 44,8%; mở ống mật chủ + khâu kín ống mật chủ 3,9%; chuyển mổ mở 7,4%. Thời gian phẫu thuật 85,2 ± 15,7 phút (64 - 156 phút), thời gian hậu phẫu 5,7 ± 1,07 ngày. Biến chứng chung sau phẫu thuật là 5,5%. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật mở ống mật chủ (OMC) nội soi điều trị sỏi đường mật an toàn, hiệu quả. Abstract Introduction: Evaluation of the results of laparoscopic treatment for common bile duct stones. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of 203 patients diagnosed the common bile duct stones, underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2014 to June 2019 in Nghe An Friendship General Hospital. Results: There were total 203 patients including 74 men (36,5%), 129 women (63,5%); mean age was 63,62 ± 17,7 (17 - 94). Biliary drainage by T tube after choledochotomy was in 43,8%; Biliary drainage with T tube after choledochotomy associated with cholecystectomy was in 44,8%; Choledochotomy without drainage was in 3,9%. The convert to laparotomy was (7,4%). The operative time was 85,2 ± 15,7 minutes (64-156 minutes). Postoperative length stay was 5,7 ± 1,07 days. The morbidity rate was 5,5%. Conclusion: Choledochotomy by laparoscopic surgery for common bile duct stones was feasible and effective. Keywords: Laparoscopic surgery, common bile duct stones, gallbladder stones.
Flow through clots determines the rate and pattern of fibrinolysis. (1994)

Thrombolytic therapy depends on penetration of plasminogen activator into clots which occurs through diffusion and flow. An in vitro system has been developed to characterize the rate and pattern of fibrinolysis in relation to flow through occlusive clots exposed to a pressure gradient. Whole blood clots formed in plastic tubes were perfused with plasma containing 1 microgram/ml tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and 0.5 or 1 mmol/l gadolinium-diethylentriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), a paramagnetic substance used as a contrast enhancer for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T1-weighted spin echo MR images were obtained during clot perfusion at 3-5 min intervals for 45 min. Characteristic signal intensities allowed identification of non-perfused, perfused but non-lysed, and completely lysed areas of clot. A spatially resolved time course of perfusion and subsequent lysis was constructed for 10 clots. Plasma flowed non-uniformly through clots forming asymmetric channels that left some areas non-perfused. The longitudinal velocity of flow through the dominant channel was 1.6 +/- 0.7 mm/min. The flow rate during the first five minutes was 7.5 +/- 6.5 microliters/min and 15.3 +/- 10 microliters/min between min 26-30 in clots that had not completely recanalized by that time. A sharp increase in flow was noted at the time of recanalization that occurred at 37 +/- 11 min. Clot lysis followed the pattern of perfusion through the dominant channel after a lag time of 13 +/- 4 min, representing the time required for enzymatic processes. The delay time between perfusion and lysis was longer in regions with slower flow indicating that the rate of t-PA delivery influenced the rate of fibrinolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Semi-autonomous control system of rescue crawler robot having flippers for getting Over unknown-Steps (2007)

A rescue crawler robot with flipper arms has high ability to get over rough terrain, but it is hard to control its flipper arms in remote control. The authors aim at development of a semi-autonomous control system for the solution. In this paper, the authors propose a sensor reflexive method that controls these flippers autonomously for getting over unknown steps. Our proposed method is effective in unknown and changeable environment. The authors applied the proposed method to Aladdin, and examined validity of these control rules in unknown environment.
Latent Semantic Representation Learning for Scene Classification (2014)

The performance of machine learning methods is heavily dependent on the choice of data represen-tation. In real world applications such as scene recognition problems, the widely used low-level input features can fail to explain the high-level semantic label concepts. In this work, we ad-dress this problem by proposing a novel patch-based latent variable model to integrate latent contextual representation learning and classifi-cation model training in one joint optimization framework. Within this framework, the latent layer of variables bridge the gap between inputs and outputs by providing discriminative expla-nations for the semantic output labels, while be-ing predictable from the low-level input features. Experiments conducted on standard scene recog-nition tasks demonstrate the efficacy of the pro-posed approach, comparing to the state-of-the-art scene recognition methods. 1.
Application of machine learning in fault diagnostics of mechanical systems (2008)

A diagnostic method based on Bayesian Networks (probabilistic graphical models) is presented. Unlike conventional diagnostic approaches, in this method instead of focusing on system residuals at one or a few operating points, diagnosis is done by analyzing system behavior patterns over a window of operation. It is shown how this approach can loosen the dependency of diagnostic methods on precise system modeling while maintaining the desired characteristics of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tools (fault isolation, robustness, adaptability, and scalability) at a satisfactory level. As an example, the method is applied to fault diagnosis in HVAC systems, an area with considerable modeling and sensor network constraints.
Topical Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) Vaccination with Human Papillomavirus Vectors Expressing gB/gD Ectodomains Induces Genital-Tissue-Resident Memory CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells and Reduces Genital Disease and Viral Shedding after HSV-2 Challenge (2014)

Genital herpes is a highly prevalent chronic disease caused by HSV infection. To date, there is no licensed vaccine against HSV infection. This study describes intravaginal vaccination with a nonreplicating HPV-based vector expressing HSV glycoprotein antigens. The data presented in this study underscore the potential of HPV-based vectors as a platform for the induction of genital-tissue-resident memory T cell responses and the control of local manifestations of primary HSV infection.
西班牙中部第三系河流相沉积交错层理砂岩粒度,成份,孔隙… (1996)

用便携式探针渗透率仪测定交错层理砂岩渗透率值一般在０．９－１９Ｄ之间。最高渗透率值（２－１９Ｄ，平均为８．５Ｄ）出现在最粗粒的前积层中；中等渗透率值（２－１２Ｄ，平均为５．３Ｄ）出现在细粒前积层中；最低值（０．９－１０Ｄ），平均为４．８Ｄ）出现在底积层中。
<title>3.8-ms latency correlation tracker for active mirror control based on a reconfigurable interface to a standard workstation</title> (1995)

We describe the use of a reconfigurable interface board based on FPGAs and a UNIX workstation to implement a correlation tracker with 3.8ms latency. The correlation tracker is part of an active mirror system in use at the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, La Palma, Canary Islands. The reconfigurable interface is used to leverage the workstation CPU, relieving it of tasks that it performs poorly such as rapid context switching and low-level bit manipulation. The reconfigurable interface handles control of external devices, high- performance input (16 MB/s) and data preformatting. The workstation CPU, a 64-bit microprocessor, performs the bulk of the computation. For the key computations of the correlation tracker we are able to treat 8 pixels in parallel in the CPU's 64-bit integer datapath. We present the structure of the CCD interface configuration and the implementations of the key algorithms on the workstation CPU. We describe the design trade-offs that arose during the development of the system, and demonstrate the symbiosis between components implemented in software and configurable hardware.
The Effects of Vacuum Heat Treatments on Bonding Strength of Anodically Oxidized Titanium and a Titanium Alloy (1995)

The studies on surface morphology of an anodically oxidized pure titanium and a titanium alloy (Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al). as well as its changes during vacuum heat treatments, were carried out in order to obtain an improved bonding ability of the surfaces of these materials. The anodically oxidized titanium and the titanium alloy showed oxide films accompanied by the numerous holes and grooves, respectively. These oxide films included phosphorus which is a constituent of the solution used for the anodic oxidation. During the vacuum heat treatment at higher temperatures, such as 1173K, the oxide films disappeared by diffusion of oxygen atom into the titanium bulk which has a large oxygen solubility. At the same time, Ti3P particles were preferentially precipitated in the holes or grooves. It is worth to note that, these specimens showed appreciably higher bonding strength than the original materials polished by #150 polishing paper. Such an improvement of these specimens in bonding strength presumes to be the results of anchoring effects of the glue in the holes and grooves of the surfaces.
MicroRNA Profile of Marek's Disease Virus-Transformed T-Cell Line MSB-1: Predominance of Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs (2008)

Research over the last few years has demonstrated the increasing role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as major regulators of gene expression in diverse cellular processes and diseases. Several viruses, particularly herpesviruses, also use the miRNA pathway of gene regulation by encoding their own miRNAs. Marek's disease (MD) is a widespread lymphomatous neoplastic disease of poultry caused by the highly contagious Marek's disease virus type 1 (MDV-1). Recent studies using virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts have identified at least eight miRNAs that map to the R(L)/R(S) region of the MDV genome. Since MDV is a lymphotropic virus that induces T-cell lymphomas, analysis of the miRNA profile in T-cell lymphoma would be more relevant for examining their role in oncogenesis. We determined the viral and host miRNAs expressed in MSB-1, a lymphoblastoid cell line established from an MDV-induced lymphoma of the spleen. In this paper, we report the identification of 13 MDV-1-encoded miRNAs (12 by direct cloning and 1 by Northern blotting) from MSB-1 cells. These miRNAs, five of which are novel MDV-1 miRNAs, map to the Meq and latency-associated transcript regions of the MDV genome. Furthermore, we show that miRNAs encoded by MDV-1 and the coinfected MDV-2 accounted for >60% of the 5,099 sequences of the MSB-1 "miRNAome." Several chicken miRNAs, some of which are known to be associated with cancer, were also cloned from MSB-1 cells. High levels of expression of MDV-1-encoded miRNAs and potentially oncogenic host miRNAs suggest that miRNAs may have major roles in MDV pathogenesis and neoplastic transformation.
Resistive Switching Memory and Reconfigurable Devices. (2016)

The demand in the data storage has been driving the explosive development of non-volatile memories (NVMs). Based on the field effect transistor (FET), flash memory has benefitted from the geometric scaling and dominated the electronics market. However, as Moore’s Law approaches its limit, flash memory is facing challenges from technical issues and economic concerns. Therefore, for a feasible next-generation NVM solution, a novel non-FET based replacement of flash memory is urgently desired. Among different candidates, resistive switching memory (RRAM) has attracted broad interest. In this work, we present studies on RRAMs and related reconfigurable devices. First, we systematically investigate the “sneak-path” issue of crossbar RRAM arrays and specify the selector device requirement in the one-selector-one-resistor (1S1R) configuration. We analyze the crossbar array from a perspective of device-circuit interaction and propose optimized benchmarks. Next, we develop a tantalum oxide (TaOx) based selector with high nonlinearity (~10000) and good uniformity. The conduction mechanism of this selector is found to be thermionic emission and tunneling emission. A HfO2 switching layer is integrated with the proposed selector to constitute a self-rectifying RRAM cell with high LRS selectivity (~5000), which can potentially enable Mbit crossbar array. Further, we demonstrate sub-nA operation current in a Cu based conductive bridge RAM (CBRAM) device for the first time, which offers significant energy savings during program and read steps. An improved cell with a built-in barrier/rectifying layer is developed to enhance device reliability. Apart from low current, other attractive properties including high on/off ratio (>100x), retention (over 10000 seconds at 100°C) and endurance (500 cycles without external current compliance) can be obtained. Additionally, we explore coupling the ionic migration process in resistive switching devices with transistor operation. A reconfigurable top-gate transistor is developed for the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. By incorporating ionic processes in the gate stack, we show that the channel conductivity can be modulated in a non-volatile manner by an external electric field. Finally, we propose a novel in-memory computing architecture using crossbar RRAM arrays, which breaks the boundary between computing and memory.
Carcinogen‐induced accumulation of adeno‐associated parvovirus dna is transient as a result of two antagonistic activities that both require <i>De Novo</i> protein synthesis (1993)

Helper-independent synthesis of adeno-associated parvovirus type 5 (AAV-5) DNA in SV40-transformed Syrian hamster cells is induced by chemical carcinogens, UV light and other stress treatments and has previously been shown to be transient. To gain some insight into the underlying mechanism, the influence of inhibitors of protein synthesis on AAV DNA accumulation was investigated. It is shown that transience is the result of 2 antagonistic activities--synthesis and decomposition. Both depend on de novo protein synthesis and are in part overlapping. The 2 activities are influenced by the amount of AAV uptake and/or by cell density. In less dense cultures, calculated initial amount of AAV DNA and relative accumulation per cell are higher. The effect may be due to the activity of transiently synthesized AAV-encoded regulatory proteins that increase replication and have inhibitory effects on DNA decomposition, or to the influence on cellular adhesion.