gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The pathogenesis of benzimidazole-resistant and benizimidazole-susceptible strains of <i>trichostrongylus colubriformis</i> in the Mongolian gerbil (<i>Meriones unguiculatus</i>) (1987)

Mongolian gerbils were infected with either a benzimidazole-susceptible or a benzimidazole-resistant strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. The comparative pathogenesis of both strains of T. colubriformis was investigated for 50 days post-infection. The gerbils infected with the drug-susceptible strain of the parasite showed lower survival rates, reduced body weights, higher parasite egg output and higher worm burdens than animals infected with the drug-resistant strain of parasite. There was also evidence of an enhanced hypoalbuminaemia and a more marked gastrointestinal plasma leak in the gerbils infected with the drug-susceptible strain of parasite. Scanning electron microscope examination of the small intestine showed signs of villus atrophy in both groups of infected gerbils.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration protects basal forebrain cholinergic but not nigral dopaminergic neurons from degenerative changes after axotomy in the adult rat brain (1992)

Cell culture studies with dissociated primary cultures from embryonic rat brain revealed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes the developmental differentiation of both basal forebrain cholinergic and mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. These studies suggested that, in the adult brain, BDNF may be able to protect cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons from degenerative changes induced by axotomy, similar to the known protective action of NGF in cholinergic neurons. Testing this hypothesis, we found that intraventricular administration of recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) to adult rats with transections of the fimbria significantly reduces axotomy-induced degenerative changes of the cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain. No such effect was seen on the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mesencephalon after transection of their axons ascending in the medial forebrain bundle. Injected in equal amounts, rhBDNF and recombinant human NGF had quantitatively different effects on the cholinergic neurons. BDNF sustained only part of the population of cholinergic neurons affected by the lesion, whereas the entire population was protected by NGF treatment.
Cloud computing architectures and dynamic provisioning mechanisms (2013)

Cloud computing is a prodigious modern technology committed to provide pool of resources to the on-demand customers. The resources in a cloud are virtualized as a collection of services using the virtualization technology. Efficient provisioning of resources is a lofty problem due to the lively nature and the need to support heterogeneous applications with diverse performance requirements. The performance guarantee from the cloud datacenter requires efficient utilization of the resources. The efficient resource utilization towards any specific Service Level Agreement (SLA) or constraint on Quality of Service (QoS) alone is not sufficient for the cloud computing environments. Thus, cloud computing requires to strike a balance between the performance based on the negotiated QoS as well as the energy consumption at the datacenter during the process of resource provisioning. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of cloud computing architectures and provisioning mechanisms for delivering the computing as a service. We classify the cloud computing architectures discussed in literature based on their significance in cloud services provisioning mechanism. The paper presents taxonomy of dynamic provisioning mechanisms from the cloud utility point of view and brings out salient features/evaluation of existing mechanisms.
A Review on Properties of Natural and Synthetic Based Electrospun Fibrous Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering (2018)

Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field where the principles of engineering are applied on bone-related biochemical reactions. Scaffolds, cells, growth factors, and their interrelation in microenvironment are the major concerns in bone tissue engineering. Among many alternatives, electrospinning is a promising and versatile technique that is used to fabricate polymer fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Copolymerization and polymer blending is a promising strategic way in purpose of getting synergistic and additive effect achieved from either polymer. In this review, we summarize the basic chemistry of bone, principle of electrospinning, and polymers that are used in bone tissue engineering. Particular attention will be given on biomechanical properties and biological activities of these electrospun fibers. This review will cover the fundamental basis of cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of the electrospun fibers in bone tissue scaffolds. In the last section, we offer the current development and future perspectives on the use of electrospun mats in bone tissue engineering.
Piezoelectric tip-sample distance control for near field optical microscopes (1995)

An aluminum coated tapered optical fiber is rigidly attached to one of the prongs of a high Q piezoelectric tuning fork. The fork is mechanically dithered at its resonance frequency (33 kHz) so that the tip amplitude does not exceed 0.4 nm. A corresponding piezoelectric signal is measured on electrodes appropriately placed on the prongs. As the tip approaches within 20 nm above the sample surface a 0.1 nN drag force acting on the tip causes the signal to reduce. This signal is used to position the optical fiber tip to about 0 to 25 nm above the sample. Shear forces resulting from the tip-sample interaction can be quantitatively deduced.
IDBA-UD: a <i>de novo</i> assembler for single-cell and metagenomic sequencing data with highly uneven depth (2012)

The IDBA-UD toolkit is available at our website http://www.cs.hku.hk/~alse/idba_ud
Metabolismo lipídico y clasificación de las hiperlipemias (2021)

This chapter summarises, and updates, lipid metabolism. Both pathways, exogenous metabolisms route via the chylomicrons, and the endogenous pathway of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The reverse cholesterol metabolism will also be mentioned. It also includes the current classification of hyperlipidaemias or hyperlipoproteinaemias, with a reminder of the phenotype classification, and further developments of the aetiological classification. Both parts have updated references, with which knowledge of this vast subject can be expanded.
Mining with rarity (2004)

Rare objects are often of great interest and great value. Until recently, however, rarity has not received much attention in the context of data mining. Now, as increasingly complex real-world problems are addressed, rarity, and the related problem of imbalanced data, are taking center stage. This article discusses the role that rare classes and rare cases play in data mining. The problems that can result from these two forms of rarity are described in detail, as are methods for addressing these problems. These descriptions utilize examples from existing research. So that this article provides a good survey of the literature on rarity in data mining. This article also demonstrates that rare classes and rare cases are very similar phenomena---both forms of rarity are shown to cause similar problems during data mining and benefit from the same remediation methods.
Uplink Contention-Based CSI Feedback with Prioritized Layers for a Multi-Carrier System (2011)

Optimized resource allocation of the Downlink (DL) in wireless systems utilizing Multi-Carrier (MC) transmission requires Channel State Information (CSI) feedback for each user/subchannel to the Base Station (BS), consuming a high amount of Uplink (UL) radio resources. To alleviate this problem, several works have considered contention-based CSI feedback in the UL control channel. We propose such a feedback scheme for a generic MC system, based on the idea of variable collision protection, where the probability that a feedback information experiences a collision depends on its importance. By partitioning the CSI into orthogonal layers of priority, and allocating different numbers of feedback slots to each layer, this scheme ensures that the feedback success probability is higher for the CSI with better quality, which is more likely to be used by the scheduler. Furthermore, we present a theoretical performance analysis of the proposed scheme, assuming Maximum CSI (Max CSI) and normalized Proportional Fair Scheduler (PFS), where a tight approximation of the achievable throughput is obtained assuming discrete Adaptive Modulation (AM) and CSI feedback which are relevant for the practical systems. Analytical and simulation results show that our proposed scheme provides an excellent trade-off between system performance and feedback overhead.
Role of Aldosterone in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertension (2006)

These results indicate that aldosterone may induce LV hypertrophy in human beings as well as in experimental animals, and that angiotensin II and aldosterone may differentially participate in causing hypertensive target organ damage.
Characterization, purification and cDNA cloning of a rat perchloric‐acid‐soluble 23‐kDa protein present only in liver and kidney (1993)

A novel protein was extracted with 5% perchloric acid from rat liver and kidney. It is absent from other rat organs. Its apparent molecular mass is 23 kDa as determined by HPLC gel filtration. A single band, corresponding to 10 kDa, was observed after SDS/PAGE, suggesting that the protein consists of two subunits with similar molecular masses. This protein can neither be phosphorylated by ATP, nor acetylated. The sequence of the cDNA encoding this protein was determined. Southern-blot analysis showed that the corresponding gene spanned at least 10 kb and contained at least five introns. Zoo-blot analysis at medium stringency strongly suggests that the gene has been conserved during evolution. The amino-acid sequence of this protein with a highly conserved region is similar to that of a heat-shock protein.
Influence of shear force on vibrations of beams (1992)

In this paper the influence of the shear force on the circular critical frequency of beams is analysed. The solutions of the free vibrations obtained by means of operational calculus are presented under the form of a relation of the parameters in the origin (υ 0 , φ 0 M 0 , T 0 ), which has the advantage of an easier expression of the particular solutions by changing the origin. The relations obtained are further analysed on beams with various boundary conditions, noticing that, for certain forms of the cross-section, the shear force is to be felt from its first frequency
Thermorheologic Properties of Aqueous Solutions and Gels of Poloxamer 407 (1997)

AbstractA Theological study of poloxamer 407 aqueous solution of 10–25% (w/w) concentrations was carried out at temperatures ranging from 27°C to 45°C and at various shear rates. An exponential relationship was found between viscosity and temperature, with curve slopes dependant upon poloxamer concentration. The viscosity of 25% poloxamer 407 aqueous solution showed a Newtonian fluid at 4°C and linearly increased on increasing temperature. The viscosity of 25 % poloxamer 407 aqueous solution was sharply increased at about 12°C and maintained highly constant. During such a desolvation process, the closer approach of polymer chains, which gave rise to an increase in the number of interactions among the chains, gave an increase in the solution viscosity with temperature. The gelling concentration was examined using an interfacial tensiometer. The results showed that the first inflection point appeared at the 0.003% (w/w) concentration and the second point appeared at the 17.5% (w/w) concentration. It implied that poloxamer solutions formed monomolecular micelles at low concentration; as the concentration was increased, multimolecular aggregates were formed.
Scaffolding of a bacterial genome using MinION nanopore sequencing (2015)

Second generation sequencing has revolutionized genomic studies. However, most genomes contain repeated DNA elements that are longer than the read lengths achievable with typical sequencers, so the genomic order of several generated contigs cannot be easily resolved. A new generation of sequencers offering substantially longer reads is emerging, notably the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II system and the MinION system, released in early 2014 by Oxford Nanopore Technologies through an early access program. The latter has highly advantageous portability and sequences samples by measuring changes in ionic current when single-stranded DNA molecules are translocated through nanopores. We show that the MinION system produces long reads with high mapability that can be used for scaffolding bacterial genomes, despite currently producing substantially higher error rates than PacBio reads. With further development we anticipate that MinION will be useful not only for assembling genomes, but also for rapid detection of organisms, potentially in the field.
Fabrication of high-quality amorphous silicon film from cyclopentasilane by vapor deposition between two parallel substrates (2015)

Cyclopentasilane converts into amorphous silicon film between two parallel substrates under atmospheric pressure by thermal decomposition at 350-400 °C, which combines the advantages of high throughput with cost reduction and high quality film formation.
Dynamic specialization in the Fabius system (1998)

article Free Access Share on Dynamic specialization in the Fabius system Authors: Mark Leone Computer Science Department, Indiana University Computer Science Department, Indiana UniversityView Profile , Peter Lee School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 30Issue 3esSept. 1998 pp 23–eshttps://doi.org/10.1145/289121.289144Published:01 September 1998Publication History 29citation467DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations29Total Downloads467Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Ferromagnetic Fe-Doped GaN Nanowires Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2010)

We report the first synthesis and characterization of Fe-doped GaN nanowires. The Fe-doped nanowires were grown by chemical vapor deposition process, using pretreated iron oxide as dopant precursors. The morphological and structural analysis showed that the obtained nanowires were triangular cross section and single crystalline wurtzite GaN structure. It was proved that the pretreatment could induce doping effectively and higher substrate temperature could produce higher dopant concentration. The highest concentration of Fe ions in GaN was 0.12% in our condition. Fe 2p core-level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra showed that the charge state of Fe transformed from +3 to +2 with the increase of Fe concentration. Moreover, the change in the binding energy of Ga 3p in the XPS spectra could be attributed to position change of Fermi level governed by Fe concentration. In the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the relative intensity of exciton luminescence increased with Fe concentration. The magnetic measurement revealed the Fe-doped GaN nanowires were ferromagnetic at room temperature. The XPS results provided the evidence for the charge state of Fe dopant, indicating the intrinsic nature of room-temperature ferromagnetism of Fe-doped GaN nanowires.
Microtubule mutants (1985)

Genetics has become an important tool for studying microtubule structure and function. Mutations in genes that encode microtubule proteins have been isolated in several, evolutionarily diverse organisms. These mutations have been, and will increasingly be, of great value in determining which cellular events are microtubule mediated, in determining which genes encode the microtubule proteins involved in a particular cellular event, and in determining the mechanisms of resistance to anti-microtubule drugs. These mutants also have great potential, which is just beginning to be realized, for identifying proteins other than alpha- and beta-tubulin that are essential to microtubule function and for determining the mechanisms of microtubule-based force production in mitosis and organellar movement.
Measurement of high intensity focused ultrasound fields by a fiber optic probe hydrophone (2006)

The acoustic fields of a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer operating either at its fundamental (1.1 MHz) or third harmonic (3.3 MHz) frequency were measured by a fiber optic probe hydrophone (FOPH). At 1.1 MHz when the electric power applied to the transducer was increased from 1.6 to 125 W, the peak positive/negative pressures at the focus were measured to be p(+) = 1.7-23.3 MPa and p(-) = -1.2(-) -10.0 MPa. The corresponding spatial-peak pulse-average (I(SPPA)) and spatial-average pulse-average (I(SAPA)) intensities were I(SPPA) =77-6000 W/cm2 and I(SAPA) = 35-4365 W/cm2. Nonlinear propagation with harmonics generation was dominant at high intensities, leading to a reduced -6 dB beam size (L x W) of the compressional wave (11.5 x 1.8-8.8 1.04 mm) but an increased beam size of the rarefactional wave (12.5 x 1.6-13.2 x 2.0 mm). Enhancement ratio of absorbed power density in water increased from 1.0 to 3.0. In comparison, the HIFU transducer working at 3.3 MHz produced higher peak pressures (p(+) = 3.0-35.1 MPa and p(-) = -2.5(-) - 13.8 MPa) with smaller beam size (0.5 x 4 mm). Overall, FOPH was found to be a convenient and reliable tool for HIFU exposimetry measurement.
Separation of the transcriptional coactivator and antirepression functions of transcription factor IIA. (1996)

Human transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) is composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma). TFIIA interacts with the TATA-box binding protein and can overcome repression of transcription. TFIIA was found to be necessary for VP16-mediated transcriptional activation through a coactivator function. We have separated the coactivator and antirepression activities of TFIIA. A TFIIA lacking the alpha subunit was isolated from HeLa cells. This "mini-TFIIA" interacts with the TATA-box binding protein and can overcome repression of transcription, but it is defective in transcriptional coactivator function.
Nanosize rutile titania particle synthesis via a hydrothermal method without mineralizers (2000)

A new approach for direct synthesis of well-shaped pure rutile titania nanocrystals by hydrothermal synthesis is reported. The synthesis of the 20 nm rutile particles from titanium isopropoxide and pH 0.5 nitric acid is achieved by vigorous stirring of the solution during the hydrothermal treatment. The significant effect of the stirring and long aging control experiments suggest that, at this composition, most of the condensation to TiO2 occurs during the autoclaving step. The large colloid size distribution and the formation of the anatase structure in the absence of stirring are attributed to the inhomogeneity developed in the solution under the extreme conditions of the hydrothermal process. The significance of the new method is the elimination of the commonly used mineralizers that can induce impurities into the nanocrystals, in addition to the improved colloid shape in comparison with standard procedures.
Pharmacogenetic application in personalized cancer treatment. (2010)

Pharmacogenetic is broadly understood as study or clinical testing of genetic variations that contribute to differing response to drugs. In cancer treatment, applications of pharmacogenetic cover three areas: avoidance of adverse drug reaction (ADR), selection of treatment options, and prediction of cancer recurrence. Patients with genetic variations in UGT1A1 and DPYD genes are hypersensitive to Irinotecan and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) respectively. Therefore, the chance for the patients to suffer from ADR from using those drugs can be predicted a priori by simple genetic tests. Secondly, the efficacy of targeted therapy drugs such as Cetuximab and Erlotinib, or non- targeted agents such as temozolomide and nitrosourea has been influenced by the presence of certain genetic or epigenetic markers in tumors. Lastly, microarray analysis to evaluate 70-gene expression profile in breast cancer samples has been shown in recent studies to predict probability of breast cancer recurrence. Patients whose tumors have been determined to have low probability score based on the gene expression profile may omit chemotherapy altogether, avoiding unnecessary therapeutic side effects. In summary, pharmacogenetic tests help patients, their caregivers, and doctors in deciding the best treatment options with favorable chance of success, as well as saving overall treatment costs.
<title>Scalable architecture of real-time MP@HL MPEG-2 video encoder for multiresolution video</title> (1998)

We have proposed a new system architecture for an MPEG-2 video encoder designed for high-resolution video. The system architecture uses the spatially parallel encoding approach and has scalability for the target video resolution to be encoded. Three new techniques have been introduced to the system. The first is a general video interface that supports multiple video formats. The second is a bitstream generation control scheme suitable for the spatially parallel encoding approach. The third is a simple data sharing mechanism for all encoding units. With these techniques, the system achieves both scalability and high encoding efficiency. Video encoding systems based on this system architecture will enable high quality video encoding to be used for visual applications for commercial and personal use at reasonable system cost.
Identification of a Novel Compound That Suppresses Breast Cancer Invasiveness by Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling via Estrogen Receptor α (2014)

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death by cancer among females worldwide. An overwhelming majority of these deaths is because of metastasis. Estrogen stimulates and promotes growth of breast tumors, whereas transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling promotes invasion and metastasis. We previously reported that estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) suppressed breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling, whereas antiestrogens that suppress breast cancer growth, such as the selective ER modulator tamoxifen (TAM) or the pure antiestrogen fulvestrant (ICI 182,780), cannot suppress TGF-β signaling or breast cancer invasiveness. Therefore, we predicted that a compound that inhibits TGF-β signaling but does not facilitate ERα signaling would be ideal for suppressing breast cancer invasiveness and growth. In the present study, we identified an ideal candidate compound, N-23. Like estrogen, N-23 strongly decreased expression of TGF-β/Smad target gene plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), but it did not increase the expression of ERα target gene pS2. While estrogen decreased the levels of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3, N-23 had no effect. In addition, TGF-β-dependent recruitment of Smad3 to the PAI-1 gene promoter was inhibited in the presence of estrogen or N-23. We also investigated the effects of N-23 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. In contrast to estrogen, N-23 inhibited the cellular proliferation of breast cancer cells. Moreover, we showed that N-23 suppressed the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells to the same extent as by estrogen. Taken together, our findings indicate that N-23 may be a candidate compound that is effective in inhibiting breast cancer progression.