gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VII California: Development and Deployment Proof of Concept and Group-Enabled Mobility and Safety (GEMS) (2010)

This PATH Research Report covers the (Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration) VII California Development and Deployment (Task Order6217) efforts beginning in 2008 and concluding June 30, 2009. This is a successor to the report for TO 5217and reports theapplications-oriented research subsequent to that work.The report is organized by a synopsis of the background and reasons for the VII California project, then it summarizes some of the antecedent (TO 5217) work: the "Innovative Mobility Showcase" (2005), which established the architecture and, importantly the applications (curve overspeed warning, probe messaging)) and the underlying testbed and enablers (High Accuracy National Differential GPS).
Accounting for Variability in Large-Scale Cluster Power Models (2011)

Presented in March, 2011 at the Exascale Evaluation and Research Techniques Workshop (EXERT), held at the International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS).
Online monitoring of lithium-ion battery aging effects by internal resistance estimation in electric vehicles (2012)

In electric and hybrid vehicles, driving performance is strongly influenced by the battery aging effects. For most lithium-ion batteries, the power capability fade caused by battery impedance rise is the main reason for battery end-of-life. In this paper, an online diagnosing method of internal resistance is presented based on equivalent circuit impedance model. Under a special diagnosing signal, voltage response is recorded and the impedance model is parameterized with the help of recursive least square (RLS) algorithm. The values of impedance model are then used for the estimation of power capability and detection of battery end-of-life. The performance of the internal resistance monitoring method is proved in Matlab/Simulink, which shows little error in estimation of battery power capability.
Formulation of Capillary Force Barriers in Moderately Oil-Wet Systems and Their Application to Reservoir Simulation (2005)

Summary As a common production aspect of the Thamama formation (a carbonate reservoir) in both onshore and offshore Abu Dhabi fields, unexpected early-water breakthrough through specific high-permeability layers without a clearly impermeable layer underneath has been observed in several water-injection schemes. Observed field data such as pulsed neutron capture (PNC) logs indicate the absence of injected water slumping away from wellbores. The concept of capillary force barriers was introduced a decade ago to resolve this issue, in which the role of capillary pressure forces on crossflow in stratified layers is modeled.1–3 This paper tries to revisit and fine-tune the concept of capillary force barrier and model hysteresis expected in a moderately oil-wet system. First, some measurements of special core analysis and related interpretations are presented in which the results are analytically formulated by a published methodology to generate saturation functions consistent with hysteresis using an assumption of wettability.4 An application of the formulation to numerical reservoir simulation was carried out in a systematic manner because the reservoir-rock-type (RRT) scheme of the model was based on primary-drainage curves that can be fully linked with the generated saturation functions. It is demonstrated on cross sections how small differences in imbibition capillary pressures can affect the water movement across contrasting RRT boundaries in a moderately oil-wet system. The proposed formulation is an effective tool for generalizing saturation functions related to matrix properties in a consistent manner, and it systematically incorporates hysteresis and wettability into the numerical reservoir-simulation model.
An Innate Response to Allogeneic Nonself Mediated by Monocytes (2009)

The mammalian innate immune system has evolved diverse strategies to distinguish self from microbial nonself. How the innate immune system distinguishes self-tissues from those of other members of the same species (allogeneic nonself) is less clear. To address this question, we studied the cutaneous hypersensitivity response of lymphocyte-deficient RAG(-/-) mice to spleen cells transplanted from either allogeneic or syngeneic RAG(-/-) donors. We found that RAG(-/-) mice mount a specific response to allogeneic cells characterized by swelling and infiltration of the skin with host monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. The response required prior priming with allogeneic splenocytes or skin grafts and exhibited features of memory as it could be elicited at least 4 wk after immunization. Neither depletion of host NK cells nor rechallenging immunized mice with F(1) hybrid splenocytes inhibited the response, indicating that the response is not mediated by NK cells. Depletion of host monocytes/macrophages or neutrophils at the time of rechallenge significantly diminished the response and, importantly, the adoptive transfer of monocytes from alloimmunized RAG(-/-) mice conferred alloimmunity to naive RAG(-/-) hosts. Unlike NK- and T cell-dependent alloresponses, monocyte-mediated alloimmunity could be elicited only when donor and responder mice differed at non-MHC loci. These observations indicate that monocytes mount a response to allogeneic nonself, a function not previously attributed to them, and suggest the existence of mammalian innate allorecognition strategies distinct from detection of missing self-MHC molecules by NK cells.
Seed Enhancements to Improve Spinach Germination (2001)

Rapid, synchronized, and high percentage of germination is required for commercial spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) production using hydroponic techniques. Seed treatments examined to improve seed germination were: 1) decoating; 2) leaching in water; and 3) soaking seeds for 4 hours in 0.5% NaOCl, leaching for 15 hours in water, and sowing in 0.3% H 2 O 2 (this treatment will be referred to as NaOCl/H 2 O 2 ). Germination studies were conducted on four cultivars at a constant 18 °C (optimal) or 30 °C (inhibitory). At 18 °C, germination rate (T 50 ) was maximized by both hydration treatments, but uniformity of germination (T sd ) was greatest for decoated seeds; final germination was ≥89% for all treatments. At 30 °C, decoating resulted in greatest uniformity of germination. The NaOCl/H 2 O 2 treatment resulted in highest germination (94%) at the high temperature, whereas decoating was least effective (69%). Reduced germination of decoated seeds was attributed to atypical germinants. Cultivars differed in response to the treatments at both temperatures. Component analysis of the NaOCl/H 2 O 2 treatment was studied with two slow-to-germinate cultivars. Treatment with H 2 O 2 , with or without NaOCl, improved the rate, uniformity, and percentage of germination of seeds of both cultivars, but NaOCl alone did not. Pericarp removal or pericarp removal plus NaOCl/H 2 O 2 treatments reduced variability in germination time and enhanced speed of germination at 30 °C, but decoating produced a higher percentage of atypical seedlings than did other treatments. Therefore, the NaOCl/H 2 O 2 treatment is recommended for growers who are unable to maintain cool germination temperatures and/or cannot afford the costs associated with cooling. If growers can maintain a germination temperature of ≈18 °C, decoated seeds are preferable, based on the high uniformity of germination.
Type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide in human gingival crevicular fluid in different clinical conditions and after periodontal treatment (1994)

A total of 126 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from 20 adults using paper strips. Patients were divided into a periodontitis-affected group (13 subjects) and a periodontitis-free group (7 subjects) by pocket depth and radiological bone loss. 4 subjects from the periodontitis-affected group received a single episode of periodontal treatment (scaling, root planing and curettage) and GCF samples were collected 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 days after treatment. Type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP) in GCF was extracted into saline solution and determined by a radioimmunological method. Mean GCF ICTP concentration was 425 micrograms/l (SEM 45) in periodontitis patients and 148 micrograms/l (SEM 25) in periodontitis-free subjects, i.e., GCF ICTP concentrations were about 100 x higher than serum reference values. Significant positive correlations were found between GCF ICTP total amount per site and plaque index (R = 0.362), papilla bleeding index (R = 0.259), pocket depth (R = 0.464) and radiological bone loss (R = 0.418). Periodontal treatment decreased GCF ICTP concentration to the level seen in healthy subjects. However, large variations were seen between subjects and sites. ICTP levels below the detection limit were often found in deep pockets, as well as high values in periodontitis-free subjects. It was concluded that GCF ICTP reflects the local type I collagen degradation in periodontal tissues, and probably gives information about the tissue destruction process beyond the reach of the clinical parameters.
Fast Mapping of Short Sequences with Mismatches, Insertions and Deletions Using Index Structures (2009)

With few exceptions, current methods for short read mapping make use of simple seed heuristics to speed up the search. Most of the underlying matching models neglect the necessity to allow not only mismatches, but also insertions and deletions. Current evaluations indicate, however, that very different error models apply to the novel high-throughput sequencing methods. While the most frequent error-type in Illumina reads are mismatches, reads produced by 454's GS FLX predominantly contain insertions and deletions (indels). Even though 454 sequencers are able to produce longer reads, the method is frequently applied to small RNA (miRNA and siRNA) sequencing. Fast and accurate matching in particular of short reads with diverse errors is therefore a pressing practical problem. We introduce a matching model for short reads that can, besides mismatches, also cope with indels. It addresses different error models. For example, it can handle the problem of leading and trailing contaminations caused by primers and poly-A tails in transcriptomics or the length-dependent increase of error rates. In these contexts, it thus simplifies the tedious and error-prone trimming step. For efficient searches, our method utilizes index structures in the form of enhanced suffix arrays. In a comparison with current methods for short read mapping, the presented approach shows significantly increased performance not only for 454 reads, but also for Illumina reads. Our approach is implemented in the software segemehl available at http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/Software/segemehl/.
Electromagnetic Shielding Measurements - NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Enclosure, University of Alabama at Birmingham. (1984)

These are the results of an EMI (Electromagnetic Shielding Measurements) shielding effectiveness test of the screened enclosure to be used for the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chamber at the University of Alabama in Birmingham. (Author)
Comparison of HbA1 and Fructosamine in Diagnosis of Glucose-Tolerance Abnormalities (1990)

Total glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and fructosamine were evaluated as screening tools for detection of glucose-tolerance abnormalities in 144 asymptomatic subjects undergoing a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Subjects were classified according to World Health Organization criteria as having normal (n = 78), impaired (n = 40), or diabetic (n = 26) glucose tolerance. We found good specificity for HbA1 and fructosamine (100 and 97%, respectively) but low sensitivity (15 and 19%, respectively). At the intersection of the curves of sensitivity and specificity drawn from various thresholds of normality, both sensitivity and specificity were 75% for HbA1 and 55% for fructosamine. Thus, neither HbA1 nor fructosamine seems to be suitable for the diagnosis of mild abnormalities in glucose tolerance.
Irreversible Binding Kinetics of Bacillus thuringiensis CryIA δ-Endotoxins to Gypsy Moth Brush Border Membrane Vesicles Is Directly Correlated to Toxicity (1995)

To examine the binding of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, CryIAa, CryIAb, and CryIAc, to Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV), saturation kinetic analyses were conducted according to a two-step interaction scheme [formula: see text] for delta-endotoxin binding to BBMV, rather than the one-step reversible binding presented in prior reports. The order of toxicity of the delta-endotoxins, as measured by the dose required for a 50% inhibition of weight gain (ID50), was CryIAa (77.3 ng) > CryIAb (157 ng) > CryIAc (187 ng). While both the maximum extent of binding, Bmax, and the half-maximum insertion rate concentration, K1/2, was observed to be indirectly related to toxicity, the rate constant of irreversible binding, k2, was found to be directly correlated to toxicity.
99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Microbes, apoptosis and TIM-1 in the development of asthma (2010)

Asthma is a complex disorder which has increased dramatically in prevalence over the past three decades. Current therapies, based on the T helper type 2 (Th2) paradigm, have not been able to control this disease. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between infection with the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and protection against the development of asthma, and genetic studies have shown that the HAV receptor, TIM-1 (T cell, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain), is an important atopy susceptibility gene. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that TIM-1 is a receptor for phosphatidylserine, an important marker of apoptotic cells. These studies together suggest that HAV and TIM-1 may potently regulate asthma through novel non-Th2-mediated mechanisms. Further study of the immunobiology of TIM-1 and its involvement in the clearance of apoptotic cells is likely to provide important insight into the mechanisms that lead to, and those that protect against, asthma, and how infection affects immunity and the development of asthma.
Cerebral lateralisation for facial processing: Gender-related cognitive styles determined using Fourier analysis of mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral arteries (2006)

Facial processing was studied in 16 (eight men and eight women) right-handed healthy participants using a new functional transcranial Doppler technique called functional transcranial Doppler spectroscopy (fTCDS). MFV was recorded simultaneously in both right and left middle cerebral arteries in dark condition and during visual processing of object and facial tasks. fTCDS used Fourier analysis of mean flow velocity (MFV) time series to derive spectral density estimates that correlate with expected mental activity. Men were right lateralised for object and facial perception, while women were left lateralised for facial tasks but showed a right tendency or no lateralisation for object perception. For facial perception, men used a category-specific process-mapping system for right cognitive style, but women used same for the left.
QUASAR's QStates cognitive gauge performance in the cognitive state assessment competition 2011 (2011)

The Cognitive State Assessment Competition 2011 was organized by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to compare the performance of real-time cognitive state classification software. This paper presents results for QUASAR's data classification module, QStates, which is a software package for real-time (and off-line) analysis of physiologic data collected during cognitive-specific tasks. The classifier's methodology can be generalized to any particular cognitive state; QStates identifies the most salient features extracted from EEG signals recorded during different cognitive states or loads.
Targeting a Polyepitope Protein Incorporating Multiple Class II-Restricted Viral Epitopes to the Secretory/Endocytic Pathway Facilitates Immune Recognition by CD4<sup>+</sup>Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: a Novel Approach to Vaccine Design (1998)

The role of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the generation of an effective immune response against viral infections is well established. Moreover, there is an increasing realization that subunit vaccines which include both CD4+- and CD8+-T-cell epitopes are highly effective in controlling viral infections, as opposed to those which are designed to activate a CD8+- or CD4+-T-cell response alone. One of the major limitations of epitope-based vaccines designed to stimulate virus-specific CD4+ T cells is that endogenously expressed class II-restricted minimal cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes are poorly recognized by CD4+ CTLs. In the present study we attempted to enhance the efficiency of class II-restricted endogenous presentation of minimal class II-restricted CTL epitopes by specifically targeting a polyepitope protein to class II processing compartments through the endosomal and/or lysosomal pathway. A significantly enhanced stimulation of virus-specific CD4+-T-cell clones by antigen-presenting cells (APC) expressing the recombinant polyepitope protein targeted to the endocytic/secretory pathway was readily demonstrated in cytotoxicity assays. In addition, in vitro activation of Epstein-Barr virus- and influenza virus-specific CD4+ memory CTLs by the recombinant constructs encoding the polyepitope protein, specifically targeted to the lysosomal compartment, was also demonstrated. The enhanced stimulatory capacity of APC expressing a lysosome-targeted polyepitope protein has important implications for vaccine design.
Considerations When Sampling Spruce Budworm Egg Masses on Balsam Fir in the Lake States: Low to Extreme Population Levels (2017)

Nineteen balsam fir trees, Abies balsamea, from five spruce-fir stands in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, were used to study egg mass densities and distributions. Ten were used to study the effects of branch size on mass density estimates. The foliage surface area and the number of new egg masses spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, were determined for each branch, and the top of each tree and (or) the branch segment of interest. We determined the effects of the bias and the variance of the estimator, of sampling different parts of the tree, and of sampling different size branches. Points that should be considered when estimating spruce budworm egg mass densities on balsam fir were identified. Generally, sampling whole branches from the mid-crown gave the most precise and accurate estimates of tree egg mass density.
Sub-band-gap laser micromachining of lithium niobate (1995)

Laser processing of insulators and semiconductors is usually realized using photon energies exceeding the band-gap energy. This makes laser processing of insulators difficult since high photon energies typically require either a pulsed laser or a frequency-doubled continuous-wave laser. A new method is reported which enables us to do laser processing of lithium niobate using sub-band-gap photons. Using high scan speeds, moderate power densities, and sub-band-gap photon energies results in volume removal rates in excess of 106μm3/s. This enables fast micromachining of small piezoelectric structures, or simple etching of grooves for precision positioning of optical fibers.
Interactive pet robot with an emotion model (1998)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: Interactionemotionpet robotlife-likepeople-friendly machine
Hydration Phenomena of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)/Cement Composites (2017)

The exciting features of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), such as high elastic modulus, high thermal and electrical conductivities, robustness, and nanoscopic surface properties make them attractive candidates for the cement industry. They have the potential to significantly enhanceengineering properties. CNTs play an important and critical role as nano-anchors in concrete, which enhance the strength by bridging pores in the composite matrix, thereby ensuring robust mechanical strength. The diameter, dispersion, aspect ratio, and interfacial surface interaction of CNTs affect the physical and mechanical properties of concrete, if due care is not taken. In this paper, the usable amount of CNT is scaled down considerably from 0.5% to 0.025% by weight of the cement and the fluctuation caused by these phenomena is assessed. It is observed that the properties and exact quantities of incorporated CNTs influence the hydration and consistency of the composites. In order to address these issues, the surface functionalization of CNTs and rheological studies of the composites are performed. The hydration products and functional groups are carefully optimized and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a Zeta potential analyzer. For Mixes 6 and 7, the compressive and tensile strength of CNTs incorporated in mortar specimens caused77% and 48% increases in split tensile strength, respectively, and 17% and 35% increases in compressive strength, respectively, after 28 days of curing and compared withthe control Mix.
Proton conductance of the plasma membrane: properties, regulation, and functional role (1993)

H+ conductive pathways have been detected in the plasma membranes of a variety of cell types. The large exquisitely H(+)-selective permeability of the conductive pathway can support sizable net H+ fluxes. Although subtle differences exist among tissues and species, certain common features suggest that related transport systems are involved in all cases. The H+ conductance is gated by depolarizing voltages and is promoted by intracellular acidification. Conversely, extracellular acidification inhibits the conductance. These features facilitate net H+ efflux, while precluding potentially deleterious H+ uptake. In some cell types, activation of the conductance is additionally controlled by physiological ligands and by second messengers. The conductance most likely functions in the regulation of intracellular pH, contributing to the extrusion of H+ during repetitive depolarization of the plasma membrane, as occurs in neurons and muscle cells. This pathway may be particularly relevant in the case of phagocytes. When stimulated, these cells undergo a sustained depolarization, while generating large amounts of metabolic acid. In addition, conductive H+ fluxes may also provide counterions to neutralize the activity of electrogenic enzymes, as suggested for the phagocyte NADPH oxidase.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (2018)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahi pengaruh model pembelajaran dan kecerdasan Intelektual dengan motivasi belajar siswa SMK. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre eksperimen dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMK Pajajaran 2 Bandung sebanyak 40 orang. Pengolahan data menggunakan pendekatan statistika dengan teknik uji T . Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, Pengaruh model pembelajaran terhadap motivasi belajar memiliki nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,004. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran project based learning terhadap motivasi belajar pendidikan jasmani siswa SMK. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, penulis menyarankan bagi guru agar dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani di SMK. Peneliti merekomendasikan untuk menggunakan model pembelajaran project based learning yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa.