gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microfabricated electrochemical oxygen generator for high-density cell culture arrays (2003)

We present a silicon microfabricated electrolytic oxygen generator for use in high-density miniature cell culture arrays. The generator consists of Ti/Pt electrodes patterned at the narrow end of conical hydrophilic silicone microchannels filled with electrolyte. Surface tension forces arising from the conical microchannel geometry push generated gas bubbles away from the electrodes and down the microchannel where the bubbles exhaust into the cell culture. This bubble motion draws fresh electrolyte from an adjacent reservoir onto the electrodes. The oxygen dosage can be precisely controlled in each generator by pulse width modulation of the electrode potential. We demonstrate devices capable of continuously providing for a wide range of oxygen demands (0-10 μmol O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /hr) and operating for days. Lifetime-limiting corrosion of hydrogen-absorbing noble metal electrodes during low-frequency electrolysis can be avoided by using relays to control the electrode potential. Precure silicone additives are also presented as an alternative to plasma surface modification to obtain hydrophilic silicone surfaces.
Speckle-shearing interferometry using a liquid-crystal cell as a phase modulator (1991)

Fundamental properties of the phase-modulation ability of a nematic liquid-crystal cell are studied. Based on these phase-modulation properties of the liquid-crystal cell, a new type of speckle-shearing interferometer is proposed and studied experimentally. A liquid-crystal cell is employed as a phase shifter to implement the phase-shifting method for the conventional speckle-shearing interferometer. From the experiments used to measure the deformation of an object, the usefulness of the method is confirmed. Finally, a compensation method for phase-shift error is proposed on the basis of the statistical properties of the fully developed speckle field. In this method the speckle phase is regarded, in a statistical sense, as a standard phase object used to calibrate the measuring system. Experiments to confirm the error-compensation method are performed, and it is shown that the phase-shift error can be determined with an accuracy of as much as λ/100.
T‐cell regulation through a basic suppressive mechanism targeting low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (2017)

Cell adhesion is generally considered to depend on positive regulation through ligation of integrins and cytokine receptors. However, here we show that T-cell adhesion, and notably also T-cell receptor (TCR) -induced activation, are subject to constant suppression through shedding of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). The broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor GM6001 abrogated shedding, so inducing prominent cell surface expression of LRP1 while enhancing TCR-induced activation and adhesion to β<sub>1</sub> and β<sub>2</sub> integrin ligands, hence arresting the cells. Integrin ligands also inhibited shedding but the effect was less potent than that of GM6001. Unlike GM6001, integrin ligands also induced cell surface expression of full-length thrombospondin-1 (TSP170) and TSP130, which associated with LRP1, and TSP110, which did not associate with LRP1. Cell surface expression of LRP1 and TSP130 were induced exclusively in adhering cells, expression of TSP110 preferentially in non-adhering cells and expression of TSP170 correlated with T-cell motility. The pro-adhesive chemokine CXCL12 also inhibited LRP1 shedding and induced surface expression of TSP170 and TSP130 while inhibiting TSP110. Exogenous TSP-1 and ligation of CD28 inhibited shedding although less effectively than GM6001, and the inhibition through CD28 was independent of TSP-1. Small interfering RNA silencing experiments confirmed involvement of LRP1 and TSP-1 in integrin-dependent adhesion and TCR-induced activation. Hence, the poor LRP1 expression in T cells depends on shedding. Integrin ligands and CXCL12 antagonize shedding through a TSP-1-dependent pathway and ligation of CD28 antagonizes shedding independent of TSP-1. The disappearance of LRP1 from the cell surface may provide basic immunosuppression at the T-cell level.
Optical Probing of VLSI ICs from the Silicon Backside (1999)

Abstract With the advent of C4 packaging technology, Intel has developed, in conjunction with a technology partner, an integrated, laser-based optical backside probing system. This article begins with a description of the basic system operation. This is followed by a discussion on the electro-optic effect in CMOS, which is used for the signal acquisition. The question of invasiveness of the photo-injected carriers is then discussed. Information on the entire probing environment is also provided. The article also discusses results and presents a comparison with other waveform acquisition techniques. It ends with a brief discussion on the developments needed to scale the technique to future processes.
교육훈련 전이 촉진 및 저해요인에 관한 연구: 성공 사례 기법(Success Case Method)을 중심으로 (2013)

이 연구의 목적은 공공기관 연수원의 교육 프로그램에 참가한 학습자의 교육훈련 전이 경험을 측정하고, 교육훈련 전이의 촉진 및 저해요인에 대해 심층적으로 탐색해보는 데 있었다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 성공 사례 기법(SCM)을 활용하여 1) 평가대상 프로그램의 선정, 2) 교육효과모델 개발, 3) 전이 측정도구개발, 4) 전이 수준 측정, 5) 전이 핵심 성공요인 및 실패요인 도출의 단계를 수행하였다. 연구결과, 교육훈련 전이에 영향을 미치는 핵심 성공요인으로는 개인 특성 요인의 학습동기, 전이동기, 교육설계 요인의 교육훈련 내용의 직무 관련성, 전이를 고려한 과정 설계, 강사 전문성, 조직특성 요인으로는 교장 및 교감의 지원, 전이기회, 변화 개방성이 도출되었고, 핵심 실패요인으로는 개인특성 요인의 교육 참가동기의 불명확함, 전이동기의 부재, 교육설계 요인의 교육내용과 직무의 관련성 미흡, 교육내용 및 시간의 부적절성, 조직특성 요인의 학습지향 문화의 결여, 교장과 교감 및 학교의 지원 결여가 도출되었다.
Powering The Way ¿ A Paper on AC Link TM Technology for 21st Century HVDC Transmission (2008)

The new AC-Linktrade HVDC transmission converter employs a new technical approach that bypasses the problems affecting currently available products. This new approach is based on the AC-Linktrade topology which was originally validated in the military. The AC-Linktrade technology, patented globally, is a resonant converter topology which is naturally ldquosoft switchingrdquo, which is characterized by negligible switch turn-on and no turn-off losses. With no switching losses, the AC Linktrade system can use high voltage solid state power devices (i.e. IGBTs or IGCTs) and run at high converter frequencies (up to 20 kHz using IGBTs). Power electronics systems that rely on PWM topologies are limited by the PWM characteristic of ldquohard switchingrdquo, which produces undesirable switching losses and high dv/dt (voltage rate of change). With switching losses as a limiting factor, PWM systems must use lower voltage switches, and more of them. The result is higher cost, higher complexity, higher component count, and thereby higher risk factors.
Electrophilic functionalization of a cyclometallated ruthenium complex, an easy entry to new organometallic synthons (1998)

C. Coudret and S. Fraysse, Chem. Commun., 1998, 663 DOI: 10.1039/A709101J
Comparison of Various Bandwidth-Efficient LDPC Coding Schemes for Tb/s Superchannel Long-haul Transmission (2012)

We compare the transmission performance of various bandwidth-efficient LDPC coding schemes. Equipped with 4 dB improvement in OSNR sensitivity, we demonstrate 1 Tb/s CO-OFDM over 1600 km SSMF transmission at spectral efficiency of 3.2 bit/s/Hz.
The Bacterial Enhancer-Dependent ς<sup>54</sup>(ς<sup>N</sup>) Transcription Factor (2000)

The initiation of transcription is a complex process involving many different steps. These steps are all potential control points for regulating gene expression, and many have been exploited by bacteria to give rise to sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that allow the cell to adapt to changing
A robust method for wideband signal separation (2002)

A novel approach to solving the problem of signal separation under model uncertainties and unknown source signal characteristics is proposed. The approach features the incorporation of blind identification with clustering techniques. The approach is capable of estimating source locations and source signals under various uncertain conditions including unknown sensor gains, unknown combinations of near-field and far-field sources, unknown combinations of wideband and narrowband sources, unknown source spectral characteristics (their spectra may be overlapping or non-overlapping), and unknown number of signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-user FSO communication link (2017)

Free Space Optical (FSO) communication technology has a data rate higher than other wireless communication techniques. Although FSO has enjoyed widespread notoriety for its point-to-point communication, the increasing demand of mobile platforms and multi-user communications requires considerable improvement over current FSO systems. Developing multi-point mobile FSO systems is highly desirable. To aid in this effort, the work presented in this paper details a solution for overcoming the Blind Source Separation (BSS) problem in a multi-user communication link. A multi-user FSO link with various atmospheric conditions that leverages the FastICA algorithm is detailed below. Experimental results have been obtained with a system composed of two transmitters operating at different wavelengths and two receivers. Results demonstrate that using this method, the original optically transmitted signals can be separated from their received mixtures, even during high turbulence conditions.
Describing motion for recognition (2002)

Our goal is to describe motion of a moving human figure in order to recognize individuals by variation in the characteristics of the motion description. We begin with a short sequence of images of a moving figure, taken by a static camera, and derive dense optical flow data for the sequence. We determine a range of scale-independent features of each how image as a whole, ranging from the motion of the centroid of the moving points (assuming a static background), to the integral of the torque relative to the centroid. We then analyze the periodic structure of these sequences. All elements are multiples of the fundamental period of the gait, but they differ in phase. The phase is time-invariant, since it is independent of the sampling period. We show that there are several regularities in the phase differences of the signals. Moreover, some scalar measures of the signals may be useful in recognition. The representation is model-free, and therefore could be used to characterize the motion of other non-rigid bodies.
Case Studies (2015)

This chapter focuses on how to design case studies and the analysis of examples of case study research in the domain of blended learning. It provides an introduction and specific application examples in the blended learning domain. The chapter describes each of the steps in the process and use examples from published blended learning research to help with understanding. In quantitative research there are standards for establishing reliability and validity for the findings. Qualitative research has similar standards, with a focus on the "trustworthiness" of the findings. There are three types of qualitative case studies: "descriptive", "interpretive", and "evaluative". Descriptive case studies, according to Merriam, are not theoretical and seek to provide rich details about the phenomena being studied without generalizing to other cases and contexts. Trustworthiness is a term often used in qualitative research to communicate a standard of quality for the findings. Four general criteria exist for establishing the trustworthiness of qualitative research: credibility, transferability, confirmability, and dependability.
A regiocontrolled synthesis of some arylnaphthalide ligans (1980)

S. O. de Silva, C. St. Denis and R. Rodrigo, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 995 DOI: 10.1039/C39800000995
The Development by Cytomegalovirus-Infected Cells of Binding Affinity for Normal Human Immunoglobulin (1976)

After infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV), cells develop an affinity for normal human immunoglobulin G (IgG). This was demonstrated using 125iodine-labeled purified IgG. It was further demonstrated that the immunoglobulin molecule binds to CMV-infected cells via its Fc portion, and competition for binding to infected cells occurred between purified preparations of human IgG and the Fc fragment of human IgG. Whole sera from individuals with or without a high titer of anti-CMV antibody were labeled with 125iodine and it was demonstrated that serum from individuals with no anti-CMV antibody had an affinity for CMV-infected cells which probably reflected binding of IgG via its Fc fragment. The possible significance of these results in immunologic studies of human CMV is considered.
Assessment of Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Case Study for Security Algorithms (2007)

WSN nodes are usually powered by batteries. Energy consumption during node operation determines battery life. Power consumption depends on the different hardware and software components in a WSN node and their various activities. In order to determine the life of the battery, we must measure the energy consumption of a node that is active in a network. That is, we must know the power consumption and time duration for node activities including computations, and RF transmission and reception. In this paper, we introduce an easy and accurate method for dynamic energy measurements without disturbing the node or network. The method consists of an oscilloscope, which can stream digitized voltages into a PC, which calculates the profile of energy consumption. We employed this capability to determine energy consumption for different security algorithms in CrossBow MICA2 nodes.
Polymer:fullerene solar cells: materials, processing issues, and cell layouts to reach power conversion efficiency over 10%, a review (2015)

In spite of the impressive development achieved by organic photovoltaics throughout the last decades, especially in terms of reported power conversion efficiencies, there are still important technological and fundamental obstacles to circumvent before they can be implemented into reliable and long-lasting applications. Regarding device processing, the synthesis of highly soluble polymeric semiconductors first, and then fullerene derivatives, was initially considered as an important breakthrough that would definitely change the fabrication of photovoltaics once and for all. The potential and the expectation raised by this technology is such that it is very difficult to keep track of the most significant progresses being now published in different and even monographic journals. In this paper, we review the development of polymeric solar cells from its origin to the most efficient devices published to date. We separate these achievements into three different categories traditionally followed by the scientific community to push devices over 10% power conversion efficiency: active materials, strategies—fabrication/processing procedures—that can mainly modify the active film morphology, and all the different cell layout/architectures that have been used in order to extract as high a photocurrent as possible from the Sun. The synthesis of new donors, the use of additives and postprocessing techniques, buffer interlayers, inverted and tandem designs are some of the most important aspects that are reviewed in detail in this paper. All have equally contributed to develop this technology and bring it at the doors of commercialization.
Quantitative Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty with Known Measurement Error: Methodology and Case Study (2005)

The appearance of measurement error in exposure and risk factor data potentially affects any inferences regarding variability and uncertainty because the distribution representing the observed data set deviates from the distribution that represents an error-free data set. A methodology for improving the characterization of variability and uncertainty with known measurement errors in data is demonstrated in this article based on an observed data set, known measurement error, and a measurement-error model. A practical method for constructing an error-free data set is presented and a numerical method based upon bootstrap pairs, incorporating two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, is introduced to address uncertainty arising from measurement error in selected statistics. When measurement error is a large source of uncertainty, substantial differences between the distribution representing variability of the observed data set and the distribution representing variability of the error-free data set will occur. Furthermore, the shape and range of the probability bands for uncertainty differ between the observed and error-free data set. Failure to separately characterize contributions from random sampling error and measurement error will lead to bias in the variability and uncertainty estimates. However, a key finding is that total uncertainty in mean can be properly quantified even if measurement and random sampling errors cannot be separated. An empirical case study is used to illustrate the application of the methodology.
Annular helical suppressor for ion chromatography (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnnular helical suppressor for ion chromatographyPurnendu K. DasguptaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 1, 103–105Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00265a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00265a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Virtual factories: an object-oriented simulation-based framework for real-time FMS control (2002)

Increasingly, automation and computer-based control play key roles in the operation of manufacturing systems. These two factors are necessary to support trends towards greater product customization and increased emphasis on reduction of lead times. At the same time, though, automation and computer-based control can be enormously expensive to design and implement in a factory. These high costs motivate the need for modeling and analysis. Existing modeling and analysis tools are effective for high level modeling of manufacturing systems. However, they suffer from limitations which are important in detailed analysis of system performance. This research is motivated by the need to develop modeling tools which support rapid development of detailed simulation models to assess system performance. The fundamental idea is to develop such an environment (i.e., a "virtual factory") which one may use to test different system configurations and control policies. We demonstrate our work thus far by presenting a case study involving deadlock avoidance in a semiconductor cluster tool.
Nanoscale Departures: Excess Lipid Leaving the Surface during Supported Lipid Bilayer Formation (2013)

The behavior of small liposomes on surfaces of inorganic oxides remains enigmatic. Under appropriate conditions it results in the formation of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). During this process, some lipids leave the surface (desorb). We were able to visualize this by a combination of time-resolved fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies. Our observations also allowed us to analyze the kinetics of bilayer patch growth during the late stages of SLB formation. We found that it entails a balance between desorption of excess lipids and further adsorption of liposomes from solution. These studies were performed with liposomes containing zwitterionic phospholipids (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine alone or a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol) on TiO2 in the presence of Ca(2+) but in the absence of other salts.
<i>EphA3</i> Null Mutants Do Not Demonstrate Motor Axon Guidance Defects (2003)

Motor axon projections are topographically ordered. Medial motor column axons project to axial muscles, whereas lateral motor column axons project to limb muscles and, along the rostrocaudal axis of the animal, the more rostral motor neuron pools project to more rostral muscle targets. We have shown that EphA3 is specifically expressed in the developing medial motor column and have postulated that EphA3 might be responsible for directing their axons to axial muscle targets. This hypothesis was supported by our demonstration that EphA3 can direct retinal ganglion cell axon targeting and by studies of ephrin-A5(-/-) mutants that show that EphA receptor signaling controls the topographic innervation of the acromiotrapezius. To test the role of EphA3 in motor axon guidance, we generated an EphA3 null mutant. Retrograde labeling studies in EphA3(-/-) embryos and adults indicate that, contrary to our predictions, EphA3 is not necessary to direct motor axons to axial muscle targets. Our results also demonstrate that ephrin A5's ability to direct topographic innervation of the acromiotrapezius must be mediated through EphA receptors other than, or in addition to, EphA3.
Mitochondrial Channels: Ion Fluxes and More (2014)

The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and cell biology to clarify the roles of these channels has thus become possible. It is by now clear that many of these channels are important for energy supply by the mitochondria and have a major impact on the fate of the entire cell as well. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the electrophysiological properties, molecular identity, and pathophysiological functions of the mitochondrial ion channels studied so far and to highlight possible therapeutic perspectives based on current information.
XPath query evaluation: improving time and space efficiency (2004)

Contemporary XPath query engines evaluate queries in time exponential in the sizes of input queries, a fact that has gone unnoticed for a long time. Recently, the first main-memory evaluation algorithm for XPath 1.0 with polynomial time combined complexity, i.e., which runs in polynomial time both with respect to the size of the data and the queries, has been published (cf. [G. Gottlob, et al., (2002)]. We present several important improvements and extensions of that work, including new XPath processing algorithms with improved time and space efficiency. Moreover, we define a very large and practically relevant fragment of XPath for which a further optimized form of query evaluation is possible. Apart from its immediate relevance for XPath query processing, our work also sheds new light at those features of XPath 1.0 which are most costly relative to their practical usefulness.