gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of protection induced by immunisation of domestic pigs with deletion mutant African swine fever virus BeninΔMGF by different doses and routes (2017)

A live attenuated African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine candidate, produced by deletion of several genes belonging to multi-gene families MGF360 and 505 from virulent Benin 97/1 strain (BeninΔMGF), induces protection in pigs against parental virulent strain. In order to better define the safety and efficacy of this attenuated vaccine candidate and to understand protective mechanisms, we extended previous studies by intramuscular immunisation of pigs with the deletion mutant BeninΔMFG at different doses (10<sup>2</sup>, 10<sup>3</sup>, 10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>), together with intranasal immunisation at the 10<sup>3</sup> dose. Results demonstrated a strong correlation between both doses and routes of immunisation of BeninΔMFG and the percentage of protection achieved, the onset of clinical signs, the viremia levels reached and the onset of death in non-protected pigs. The results show that the intramuscular route using high doses (10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>) is the best option for immunisation. Only transient increase in temperature associated with a peak of virus genome levels was observed in most pigs after immunisation. Then, virus genome levels progressively decreased throughout the experiment until reaching low or undetectable levels in those protected pigs that survived after challenge. The IgM antibody responses following immunisation were detected between day 7-10 post-immunisation and remained at elevated levels for 10-18 days in most pigs before dropping. IgG was detected from day 15 to 21 post-immunisation and maintained at increased levels for the remainder of the experiment in most pigs. Induction of IFNγ and IL-10 was detected by ELISA in sera from some pigs immunised with 10<sup>3</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub> by intramuscular or intranasal route at early times post-immunisation. IL-10 was also detected in serum from some non-protected pigs included in these groups after challenge.
Multithreaded virtual-memory-enabled reconfigurable hardware accelerators (2006)

Although naturally belonging to the user process, hardware parts of codesigned reconfigurable applications execute outside of the operating system (OS) process: they have neither unified memory abstraction with software nor system services provided by the OS. This imposes limitations on hardware and software interfacing, narrows available programming paradigms, and affects application portability. Advanced programming concepts, such as multithreading, usually demand additional activities on the programmer side, to perform memory transfers and enforce memory consistency. In this paper, we introduce a system layer (an OS extension relying on a system hardware extension) that provides: (1) unified virtual memory, (2) platform-agnostic interfacing, and (3) multithreaded execution, for hardware accelerators running within the same OS process with user software. The system layer releases software programmer and hardware designer from interfacing burdens and, still, achieves significant speedups over software with only limited overheads. Virtual-memory-enabled hardware accelerators benefit from all abstractions and services already available to software. To prove our concept in practice and demonstrate the ease of programming, we execute image processing and cryptography applications on reconfigurable systems-on-chip running GNU/Linux that supports virtual memory for multithreaded hardware accelerators
The Series Connected Buck Boost Regulator for High Efficiency DC Voltage Regulation (2003)

Improvements in the efficiency and size of DC-DC converters have resulted from advances in components, primarily semiconductors, and improved topologies. One topology, which has shown very high potential in limited applications, is the Series Connected Boost Unit (SCBU), wherein a small DC-DC converter output is connected in series with the input bus to provide an output voltage equal to or greater than the input voltage. Since the DC-DC converter switches only a fraction of the power throughput, the overall system efficiency is very high. But this technique is limited to applications where the output is always greater than the input. The Series Connected Buck Boost Regulator (SCBBR) concept extends partial power processing technique used in the SCBU to operation when the desired output voltage is higher or lower than the input voltage, and the implementation described can even operate as a conventional buck converter to operate at very low output to input voltage ratios. This paper describes the operation and performance of an SCBBR configured as a bus voltage regulator providing +/- 50% voltage regulation range, bus switching, and overload limiting, operating above 98% efficiency. The technique does not provide input – output isolation.
Lithographic tuning of a two-dimensional photonic crystal laser array (2000)

One attraction of photonic crystals is the ability to control optical device characteristics by lithographically varying the geometry. In this letter, we demonstrate a 10/spl times/10 array of optically pumped two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal defect lasers with varying lattice parameters. By adjusting the photonic crystal interhole spacing as well as the hole diameter we are able to tune the laser wavelength from 1500 to 1625 nm on a monolithic InP-InGaAsP wafer. A wavelength resolution of 10 nm from device to device was obtainable, limited by the lithography and etching tolerances of our fabrication method.
A computational approach to detecting collocation errors in the writing of non-native speakers of English (2008)

This paper describes the first prototype of an automated tool for detecting collocation errors in texts written by non-native speakers of English. Candidate strings are extracted by pattern matching over POS-tagged text. Since learner texts often contain spelling and morphological errors, the tool attempts to automatically correct them in order to reduce noise. For a measure of collocation strength, we use the rank-ratio statistic calculated over one billion words of native-speaker texts. Two human annotators evaluated the system's performance. We report the overall results, as well as detailed error analyses, and discuss possible improvements for the future.
Crossing Extreme Mechanistic Barriers by Antibody Catalysis: Syn Elimination to a Cis Olefin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrossing Extreme Mechanistic Barriers by Antibody Catalysis: Syn Elimination to a Cis OlefinBenjamin F. Cravatt, Jon A. Ashley, Kim D. Janda, Dale L. Boger, and Richard A. LernerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 13, 6013–6014Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00092a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00092a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A comparison of high-frequency voltage, current and field probes and implications for ESD/EOS/EMI auditing (2007)

High-frequency voltage, current and field probes are used to characterize charged device model ESD. The relationships between voltage, current and field measurements are explored. A "unified theory of ESD auditing" that connects voltage, current and field measurements is described for comprehensive high-frequency ESD/EOS/EMI auditing.
Indexing Weblogs One Post at a Time. (2006)

In order to perform analysis over weblogs, we must first iden-tify the appropriate unit of a weblog that corresponds to a document. We argue in the paper that, for weblogs, the cor-rect unit is the weblog post. A weblog post is a structured document with the following fields: date, timestamp, title, content, permalink and author. We present our approach for segmenting weblogs into posts, which breaks down into sev-eral steps: (1) automatic feed discovery; (2) feed-guided seg-mentation, using the weblog feed and HTML; and (3) model-based weblog segementation.
Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with dehydroepiandrosterone: 50 patients treated up to 12 months. (1998)

DHEA was well tolerated and appeared clinically beneficial, with the benefits sustained for at least one year in those patients who maintained therapy.
A Rigid Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligand Leads to Isolation of Low‐Coordinate Transition‐Metal Complexes (2005)

Wie ein Schutzwall schirmt ein starrer cyclischer (Alkyl)(amino)carben(CAAC)-Ligand niederkoordinierte Metallzentren ab, die er zusätzlich durch agostische Wechselwirkungen stabilisiert. Das wird anhand von zwei Beispielen veranschaulicht: [RhCl(CO)(CAAC)] ähnelt der aktiven Spezies des Wilkinson-Katalysators, und mit [Pd(All)(CAAC)]+ BF4− wurde der erste kationische Komplex isoliert, in dem das PdII-Zentrum formal 14 Elektronen aufweist. All=Allyl.
Development and Application of Multiple‐Probe Scanning Probe Microscopes (2012)

In the research of advanced materials based on nanoscience and nanotechnology, it is often desirable to measure nanoscale local electrical conductivity at a designated position of a given sample. For this purpose, multiple-probe scanning probe microscopes (MP-SPMs), in which two, three or four scanning tunneling microscope (STM) or atomic force microscope (AFM) probes are operated independently, have been developed. Each probe in an MP-SPM is used not only for observing high-resolution STM or AFM images but also for forming an electrical contact enabling nanoscale local electrical conductivity measurement. The world's first double-probe STM (DP-STM) developed by the authors, which was subsequently modified to a triple-probe STM (TP-STM), has been used to measure the conductivities of one-dimensional metal nanowires and carbon nanotubes and also two-dimensional molecular films. A quadruple-probe STM (QP-STM) has also been developed and used to measure the conductivity of two-dimensional molecular films without the ambiguity of contact resistance between the probe and sample. Moreover, a quadruple-probe AFM (QP-AFM) with four conductive tuning-fork-type self-detection force sensing probes has been developed to measure the conductivity of a nanostructure on an insulating substrate. A general-purpose computer software to control four probes at the same time has also been developed and used in the operation of the QP-AFM. These developments and applications of MP-SPMs are reviewed in this paper.
Ultimate Decoupling between Surface Topography and Material Functionality in Atomic Force Microscopy Using an Inner-Paddled Cantilever (2018)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely utilized to gain insight into various material and structural functionalities on the nanometer scale, leading to numerous discoveries and technologies. Despite the phenomenal success in applying AFM to the simultaneous characterization of topological and functional properties of materials, it has continuously suffered from the crosstalk between the observables, causing undesirable artifacts and complicated interpretations. Here, we introduce a two-field AFM probe, namely an inner-paddled cantilever integrating two discrete pathways such that they respond independently to the variations in surface topography and material functionality. Hence, the proposed design allows reliable and potentially quantitative determination of functional properties. In this paper, the efficacy of the proposed design has been demonstrated via piezoresponse force microscopy of periodically poled lithium niobate and collagen, although it can also be applied to other AFM methods such as AFM-based infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical strain microscopy.
Electrically tunable color for full-color reflective displays (2002)

Conventional reflective displays based on either color filter/polarizer or stacked color layers suffer from their marginal performance in terms of brightness, color, and cost. In this paper, we will present new full-color reflective display architecture: Electrically Tunable Color (ETC). In this display architecture, both color generation and its change are through the coupling of a cholesteric liquid crystal in its planar state and an in-plane electric field. Unlike the conventional cholesteric liquid crystal display, in which one liquid crystal layer only reflects one preset color, in ETC the in-plane field that is predominantly normal to the helix unwinds the helix to result a color shift from its initial color. We have fabricated such devices in our laboratory and demonstrated large color change covering all three primary colors with a single ETC pixel. Another advantage of ETC is its faster time response. Time response data will be presented and compared with model. Switching voltages depend much on cell parameters, in particular on the electrode configuration. Measured switch voltage vs. these parameters will be shown and challenging issue in voltage reduction will be discussed. Finally, we will propose full-color display architectures based on ETC and analyze their cost/performance.
SU‐FF‐J‐57: Digital Tomosynthesis for Verification of Radiation Therapy Positioning: Preliminary Results From a Kilovoltage On‐Board Imaging System (2005)

Purpose: This study introduces a new radiation therapy target localization technique using online digital tomosynthesis (DTS), a method for reconstructing 3‐D slices from 2‐D projection data acquired with limited source motion. By separating the visualization of overlapping structure, DTS is expected to improve the visualization of anatomy compared with 2‐D planar radiographic imaging techniques, and may therefore yield more accurate target localization during radiation therapy set‐up. Method and Materials: We simulated treatment planning and setup of an anthropomorphic chest phantom. A treatment isocenter was marked in CT images. The phantom was then aligned for treatment on a Varian 21EX equipped with an on‐board‐imager (OBI), attached to the gantry orthogonal to the megavoltage treatment axis. Once aligned, 2‐D image projections were acquired over 200 degrees and coronal and sagittal DTS planes were reconstructed through the treatment isocenter from projection sub‐sets spanning 40°. Comparison of DTS images with corresponding planes from the CT data, as well as lateral and postero‐anterior (PA) planar radiographs, yielded estimations of set‐up error. Results: Sagittal and coronal DTS slices improved the visibility of anatomy when compared with planar radiograph equivalents, improving estimation of the set‐up error. Registration of sagittal and coronal DTS reconstructions with corresponding planes through the isocenter in the CT data was found to be feasible for estimating set‐up error. Preliminary determination of the set‐up accuracy of our clinical procedure was determined to be within 1mm for the phantom study presented here. Conclusion: Tomosynthesis has been demonstrated on a commercially available medical accelerator, and may be practical for improving patient set‐up when full cone‐beam‐CT is not required. DTS significantly improves the visibility of soft‐tissue detail that is obscured by overlying anatomy in radiographs and portal images. Additional benefits include a reduction in dose, acquisition and reconstruction time, and easier data handling compared with full cone‐beam‐CT.
Polarization-independent optical filter using interwaveguide TE↔TM conversion (1981)

Wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers are important components for increasing the information handling capacity of single-mode light wave systems. To be compatible with available low-loss single-mode fibers, which do not maintain linear polarization, such devices must be able to select a desired wavelength independent of polarization. To that end we have demonstrated, we believe for the first time, a polarization-independent optical waveguide filter. Wavelength selective coupling between a pair of mismatched Ti-diffused waveguides is achieved by using phase-matched electrooptic TE↔TM conversion.
Integrated transceivers for optical wireless communications (2005)

Line-of-sight free-space optical links can provide extremely high bandwidth communications, but this usually requires that transmitter and receiver are precisely aligned. In order to allow terminals to be mobile, links must be able to track users within their field of view so that the link is maintained. There are various means to do this, but all require complex subsystems with a number of different optical, optoelectronic, and electrical components. A solid-state tracking architecture is introduced and a seven-channel tracking system demonstration described. The system is designed to operate at 155 Mb/s and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first that uses an integrated approach. Arrays of novel resonant cavity LED (RCLED) emitters that operate at 980 nm are used as sources. These are flip-chip bonded to arrays of CMOS driver circuits and integrated with the necessary transmitter optics. The receiver uses a back-illuminated detector array flip-chip bonded to arrays of custom CMOS receivers. All these components are custom and have performance substantially better than nonoptimized commercially available components. In the paper, the design and fabrication of the optics, optoelectronics, and electronics required for this is described. Successful operation of all the subsystems is detailed, together with results from an initial link demonstration.
A Web-Based Remote Assistance System with Gravity-Aware 3D Hand Gesture Visualization (2019)

We present a remote assistance system that enables a remotely located expert to provide guidance using hand gestures to a customer who performs a physical task in a different location. The system is built on top of a web-based real-time media communication framework which allows the customer to use a commodity smartphone to send a live video feed to the expert, from which the expert can see the view of the customer's workspace and can show his/her hand gestures over the video in real-time. The expert's hand gesture is captured with a hand tracking device and visualized with a rigged 3D hand model on the live video feed. The system can be accessed via a web browser, and it does not require any app software to be installed on the customer's device. Our system supports various types of devices including smartphone, tablet, desktop PC, and smart glass. To improve the collaboration experience, the system provides a novel gravity-aware hand visualization technique.
In-Plane Bandpass Regulation Check Valve in Heat-Shrink Packaging for Drug Delivery (2009)

The first check valve featuring dual regulation of in-plane flow and heat-shrink tubing packaging is presented. This modular design is optimized for integration into low-profile fluidic devices requiring flow control, such as drug delivery devices. Theoretical and finite-element-modeling (FEM) analyses were performed to guide valve design and these results were confirmed experimentally. The valve regulates flow between 150-900 mmHg (20-120 kPa) and withstands > 500 mmHg (66.7 kPa) of reverse pressure. The heat-shrink packaging scheme does not require adhesives and is extremely robust (>2000 mmHg without leakage).
Transparent ceramic scintillators for gamma spectroscopy and MeV imaging (2015)

We report on the development of two new mechanically rugged, high light yield transparent ceramic scintillators: (1) Ce-doped Gd-garnet for gamma spectroscopy, and (2) Eu-doped Gd-Lu-bixbyite for radiography. GYGAG(Ce) garnet transparent ceramics offer ρ = 5.8g/cm<sup>3</sup>, Z<sub>eff</sub> = 48, principal decay of <100 ns, and light yield of 50,000 Ph/MeV. Gdgarnet ceramic scintillators offer the best energy resolution of any oxide scintillator, as good as R(662 keV) = 3% (Si-PD readout) for small sizes and typically R(662 keV) < 5% for cubic inch sizes. For radiography, the bixbyite transparent ceramic scintillator, (Gd,Lu,Eu)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, or “GLO,” offers excellent x-ray stopping, with ρ = 9.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and Z<sub>eff</sub> = 68. Several 10” diameter by 0.1” thickness GLO scintillators have been fabricated. GLO outperforms scintillator glass for high energy radiography, due to higher light yield (55,000 Ph/MeV) and better stopping, while providing spatial resolution of >8 lp/mm.
Computer-assisted femoral head resurfacing (2005)

Femoral head resurfacing is re-emerging as a surgical option for younger patients who are not yet candidates for total hip replacement. However, this procedure is more difficult than total hip replacement, and the mechanical jigs typically used to align the implant produce significant variability in implant placement and take a significant amount of time to position properly. We propose that a computer-assisted surgical (CAS) technique could reduce implant variability with little or no increase in operative time. We describe a new CAS technique for this procedure and demonstrate in a cadaver study of five paired femurs that the CAS technique in the hands of a novice surgeon markedly reduced the varus/valgus variability of the implant relative to the pre-operative plan (2° standard deviation for CAS versus 5° for a mechanical jig operated by an expert surgeon). We also show that the mechanical jig resulted in significantly retroverted implant placement. There was no significant difference in operative time between the two techniques.
A Generic Advanced Computing Framework for Executing Windows-based Dynamic Contingency Analysis Tool in Parallel on Cluster Machines (2020)

Dynamic contingency analysis tool (DCAT) has been developed to assess the impact and likelihood of extreme contingencies and potential cascading events across their systems and interconnections. By including more customized protection models and corrective actions into the Windows-based commercial tools, DCAT can help operators understand the cascading behavior and find mitigation approaches to reduce the risk of cascading outages in a more realistic manner. In order to further enhance the capability of DCAT, this paper presents a design of an advanced computing framework that enables DCAT to run on a cluster machine to improve its computational performance. This framework is generic and can be applied to other Windows-based simulation tools to fill the technical gap of applying advanced computing technology to vendors' Windows-based tools. The preliminary tests using medium to large power systems have shown the effectiveness of this framework and its potential for accelerating the adoption of advanced computing in utilities.