gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a monitoring system for Ash deposits on boiler tube surfaces (1981)

Abstract The etfect of ash deposits on the output of heat flux meters installed on the water wall tubes in pulverized coal fired utility boilers is studied. The objective is to use commercially available heat flux meters as the sensing devices for detecting and monitoring the growth of ash deposits. Reliable performance is shown and an attractive method is described for processing the heat flux meter output into a signal related to the ash deposit only and independent of variation of boiler load and firing conditions in the combustion chamber. Patents are pending for this Monitoring System.
Improved atomic force microscopy imaging using carbon-coated probe tips (1995)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images using carbon-coated probe tips are presented for hydrogen-passivated Si and SiO2 surfaces. Tapping mode measurements on these surfaces demonstrate that the image quality and probe tip wear characteristics are dramatically improved for scans performed with the carbon coated tips. The reasons for the improved quality of AFM imaging and reduced tip damage are discussed.
Monoclonal antibody-mediated enhancement of dengue virus infection<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>and strategies for prevention (2007)

Infection with dengue virus (DENV) or any other flavivirus induces cross-reactive, but weakly neutralizing or nonneutralizing, antibodies that recognize epitopes involving the fusion peptide in the envelope glycoprotein. Humanized mAb IgG 1A5, derived from a chimpanzee, shares properties of cross-reactive antibodies. mAb IgG 1A5 up-regulated DENV infection by a mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in a variety of Fc receptor-bearing cells in vitro. A 10- to 1,000-fold increase of viral yield in K562 cells, dependent on the DENV serotype, was observed over a range of subneutralizing concentrations of IgG 1A5. A significant increase of DENV-4 viremia titers (up to 100-fold) was also demonstrated in juvenile rhesus monkeys immunized with passively transferred dilutions of IgG 1A5. These results, together with earlier findings of ADE of DENV-2 infection by a polyclonal serum, establish the primate model for analysis of ADE. Considering the abundance of these cross-reactive antibodies, our observations confirm that significant viral amplification could occur during DENV infections in humans with prior infection or with maternally transferred immunity, possibly leading to severe dengue. Strategies to eliminate ADE were explored by altering the antibody Fc structures responsible for binding to Fc receptors. IgG 1A5 variants, containing amino acid substitutions from the Fc region of IgG2 or IgG4 antibodies, reduced but did not eliminate DENV-4-enhancing activity in K562 cells. Importantly, a 9-aa deletion at the N terminus of the CH(2) domain in the Fc region abrogated the enhancing activity.
Electromechanical characterization of Pb(In0.5Nb0.5)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 crystals as a function of crystallographic orientation and temperature (2009)

Relaxor based [Formula: see text] ternary single crystals (PIN-PMN-PT) were reported to have broader temperature usage range [Formula: see text] and comparable piezoelectric properties to [Formula: see text] (PMNT) crystals. In this work, the orientation dependent dielectric, piezoelectric and electromechanical properties for PIN-PMN-PT crystals were investigated along [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] directions. The electromechanical couplings [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] poled crystals were found to be 0.91 and 0.91, respectively, with piezoelectric coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the order of 925 and -1420 pC/N. Of particular significance was the mechanical quality factor [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] oriented crystals, which was found to be [Formula: see text], much higher than the [Formula: see text] values of [Formula: see text] oriented relaxor-PT crystals [Formula: see text]. The temperature dependence of the piezoelectric properties exhibited good temperature stability up to their ferroelectric phase transition [Formula: see text], indicating [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] oriented PIN-PMN-PT are promising materials for transducer applications, with the latter for high power resonant devices where low loss (high [Formula: see text]) was required.
Efficient conversion of xylose to ethanol by stress-tolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus BUNL-21 (2016)

The fermentation ability of thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus BUNL-21 isolated in Laos was investigated. Comparison with thermotolerant K. marxianus DMKU3-1042 as one of the most thermotolerant yeasts isolated previously revealed that the strain possesses stronger ability for conversion of xylose to ethanol, resistance to 2-deoxyglucose in the case of pentose, and tolerance to various stresses including high temperature and hydrogen peroxide. K. marxianus BUNL-21 was found to have ethanol fermentation activity from xylose that is slightly lower and much higher than that of Scheffersomyces stipitis (Pichia stipitis) at 30 °C and at higher temperatures, respectively. The lower ethanol production seems to be due to large accumulation of acetic acid. The possible mechanism of acetic acid accumulation is discussed. In addition, it was found that both K. marxianus strains produced ethanol in the presence of 10 mM hydroxymethylfurfural or furfural, at a level almost equivalent to that in their absence. Therefore, K. marxianus BUNL-21 is a highly competent yeast for high-temperature ethanol fermentation with lignocellulosic biomass.
Nanotubes for Battery Applications (2005)

Nanomaterials have attracted great interest in recent years, and are now also being considered for battery applications. Reducing the particle size of some electrode materials can increase battery performance considerably, especially with regard to capacity, power and rate capability. This thesis presents a study focused on the performance of such a material, vanadium oxide nanotubes, as cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. These nanotubes were synthesized by a sol-gel process followed by hydrothermal treatment. They consist of vanadium oxide layers separated by structure-directing agents, normally amines or metal ions, e.g., Na+, Ca2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+. The layers are arranged in a scroll-like manner, allowing the interlayer structure to expand and contract, depending on the size of the embedded guest. This tubular form of vanadium oxide was able to insert lithium ions reversibly, making it a candidate cathode material. The structural and electrochemical response to lithium ion insertion was carefully studied to define optimal performance criteria and probe the lithium insertion mechanism. This was done using several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, a variety of spectroscopic methods and electrochemical testing. Galvanostatic measurements show that the material can be charged and discharged reversibly for >100 cycles with a capacity of 150-200 mAh/g. The electrochemical performance is, however, dependent on the electrode film preparation technique, the choice of salt in the electrolyte and the nature of the embedded guest. Results from photoelectron spectroscopy, and soft X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy confirm that vanadium is reduced during lithium insertion and that three oxidation states (V5+, V4+ and V3+) co-exist at potentials below 2.0 V. In situ X-ray diffraction, performed during potential stepping, identifies two separate processes during lithium insertion: a fast decrease of the interlayer distance followed by a slow two-dimensional relaxation of the vanadium oxide layers.
Novel fatty acyl substrates for myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyl-transferase. (1990)

Myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyzes the covalent attachment of myristic acid to the NH2-terminal Gly residues of a number of viral and cellular proteins. The remarkable specificity of this enzyme for myristoyl CoA observed in vivo appears to arise in large part from a cooperativity between NMT's acylCoA and peptide binding sites: the length of the acylCoA bound to NMT influences the interactions of peptide substrates with NMT. We have previously synthesized analogs of myristic acid with single oxygen or sulfur for methylene substitutions. These heteroatom substitutions produce significant reductions in acyl chain hydrophobicity without accompanying alterations in chain length or stereochemical restrictions. In vitro studies have shown that the CoA thioesters of these analogs are substrates for S. cerevisiae NMT and that the efficiency of their transfer to octapeptide substrates is peptide sequence-dependent. In vivo studies with cultured mammalian cells have confirmed that these fatty acid analogs are selectively incorporated into a subset of cellular N-myristoylproteins, that only a subset of analog-substituted proteins undergo redistribution from membrane to cytosolic fractions, and that these analogs can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus I and Moloney murine leukemia viruses--two retroviruses that depend upon N-myristoylation of their gag polyprotein precursors for assembly. We have now extended our analysis of NMT-acylCoA interactions by synthesizing additional analogs of myristic acid and testing them in a coupled in vitro assay system. Myristic acid analogs with two oxygen or two sulfur substitutions have hydrophobicities comparable to that of hexanoic acid and decanoic acid, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Computational reconfigurable imaging spectrometer: path to low SWaP hyperspectral imaging (2020)

Hyperspectral imaging spectrometers are useful in numerous applications including remote sensing, environmental monitoring, surveillance, minerology and precision agriculture. Historically, high cost and complexity has limited the number of fielded hyperspectral imagers. The Computational Reconfigurable Imaging Spectrometer (CRISP) sensor is a novel hyperspectral imaging spectrometer suitable for high-resolution air or space-based missions. CRISP uses a computational imaging approach to reduce the system’s overall size and complexity. It exploits platform motion and a spectrally coded focal-plane mask to temporally modulate the optical spectrum, enabling simultaneous measurement of multiple spectral bins (i.e. multiplexing). The novel design enables high performance from smaller and less-expensive components (e.g. uncooled microbolometers), and is thus suitable for small space and air platforms. This talk discusses our demonstrator system (including recent flight results) and compares it to theory. Our flights demonstrate plume detection using an uncooled, airborne, longwave infrared CRISP imaging spectrometer. We discuss progress developing algorithms to enable spectral recovery in the presence of motion blur, utilizing the CRISP architecture to advantage. These algorithms enable a fast scanning mode, trading off computational complexity and reconstruction quality for fast area coverage rate.
Magnetically responsive elastic microspheres (2008)

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of magnetically responsive elastic microspheres consisting of polydimethylsioxane (PDMS) and magnetic nano-/microparticles. The microspheres can have either core-shell or solid structure, fabricated by using a microfluidic technique. The mechanical characteristics are determined with a modified electronic balance, and the results show that the microspheres exhibit magnetostrictive effect. Such microspheres can in addition behave as a smart material controllable through an external magnetic field. Owing to the transparency, biocompatibility and nontoxicity of PDMS, the magnetically responsive elastic microspheres may have potential applications in drug delivery, biosensing, bioseparation, and medical diagnosis.
In Vivo Measurement of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptors Using Nuclear Imaging (1992)

We have successfully visualized atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors in vivo using nuclear imaging. 123I-Labelled ANP, injected in green vervet monkeys, was rapidly bound to ANP receptors in the kidneys and lungs. That the observed uptake was receptor mediated was demonstrated with competition studies using simultaneous injection of unlabelled ANP 99-126. It was possible to distinguish between the ANP receptor subtypes by the use of selective antagonists. Thus coinjection of ANP 102-121-des[Gln, Ser, Gly, Leu, Gly] (C-ANP), an ANP analog that selectively binds to the ANP C-receptor, decreased uptake in the kidneys by 50% but increased relative uptake in the lungs and soft tissues. This method permits for the first time, the dynamic in vivo analysis of ANP receptors and their interaction with endogenous ligand. Differences and changes in local ANP receptor concentrations and occupancy could be detected. Since ANP receptor density and affinity are influenced by various physiological and pathological conditions, clinical and diagnostic applications seem possible.
Designer Ionic Liquids for Reversible Electrochemical Deposition/Dissolution of Magnesium (2015)

Chelating ionic liquids (ILs), in which polyether chains are pendent from the organic pyrrolidinium cation of the ILs (PEGylated ILs), were prepared that facilitate reversible electrochemical deposition/dissolution of Mg from a Mg(BH4)2 source. Mg electrodeposition processes in two specific PEGylated-ILs were compared against that in the widely studied N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid (BMPyrTFSI). The two chelating IL systems (one with a pendent polyether chain with three ether oxygens, MPEG3PyrTFSI, and the other with a seven-ether chain, MPEG7PyrTFSI) showed substantial improvement over BMPyrTFSI for Mg electrodeposition/dissolution. The best overall electrochemical performance was in MPEG7PyrTFSI. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize galvanostatically deposited Mg, revealing production of pure, dendrite-free Mg deposits. Reversible Mg electrodeposition was achieved with high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90% and high current density (ca. 2 mA/cm(2) for the stripping peak). Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize Mg(2+) speciation in the PEGylated ILs and BMPyrTFSI containing Mg(BH4)2 by study of Raman modes of the coordinated and free states of borohydride, TFSI(-), and polyether COC groups. Quantitative analysis revealed that the polyether chains can displace both TFSI(-) and BH4(-) from the coordination sphere of Mg(2+). Comparison of the different IL electrolytes suggested that these displacement reactions may play a role in enabling Mg deposition/dissolution with high CE and current density in these PEGylated IL media. These results represent the first demonstration of reversible electrochemical deposition/dissolution of Mg in an ionic liquid specifically designed with this task in mind.
Time delay compensation in power controlled cellular radio systems (2001)

Transmission power control is an important means to manage the radio resources in wireless communications. The performance, however may be reduced due to time delays as in any controlled system. Most controllers to date are designed without considering time delays, which may result in oscillatory or unstable systems. To overcome these problems, time delay compensation (TDC) is introduced. The main idea is to adjust the measurements [e.g., signal-to-interference ratio (SIR)] to include the effects of issued but not yet applied power control commands. TDC thereby improves the stability and performance of an arbitrary power control algorithm. The benefits are illustrated by simulations using some popular power control algorithms.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of the edema factor exotoxin adenylyl cyclase domain from<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>in the presence of its activator, calmodulin (2001)

Edema factor from Bacillus anthracis is a 92 kDa secreted adenylyl cyclase exotoxin and is activated by the host-resident protein calmodulin. Calmodulin is a ubiquitous intracellular calcium sensor in eukaryotes and activates edema factor nearly 1000-fold upon binding. While calmodulin has many known effectors, including kinases, phosphodiesterases, motor proteins, channels and type 1 adenylyl cyclases, no structures of calmodulin in complex with a functional enzyme have been solved. The crystallization and initial experimental phasing of crystals containing a complex of edema factor adenylyl cyclase domain and calmodulin are reported here. The edema factor-calmodulin complex crystallizes in three different space groups. A native data set in the I222 space group has been collected to 2.7 A and the self-rotation function solution suggests three edema factor-calmodulin complexes in each asymmetric unit. Initial 4 A phases were obtained by selenomethionyl MAD in combination with two heavy-atom derivatives. These phases were successfully extended to 2.7 A using NCS averaging.
LeadScope:  Software for Exploring Large Sets of Screening Data (2000)

Modern approaches to drug discovery have dramatically increased the speed and quantity of compounds that are made and tested for potential potency. The task of collecting, organizing, and assimilating this information is a major bottleneck in the discovery of new drugs. We have developed LeadScope a novel, interactive computer program for visualizing, browsing, and interpreting chemical and biological screening data that can assist pharmaceutical scientists in finding promising drug candidates. The software organizes the chemical data by structural features familiar to medicinal chemists. Graphs are used to summarize the data, and structural classes are highlighted that are statistically correlated with biological activity.
Polymer Optical Waveguide Based Single Mode Connector for Silicon Photonics Packaging (2012)

We realized a passively aligned waveguide connector for a silicon photonic chip packaging. We used lithographically defined top clad patterning to realize fine alignment grooves which mate with notches in the ferrule passively.
Ocular Applications of Dipyridamole: A Review of Indications and Routes of Administration (2015)

Dipyridamole was introduced decades ago as a treatment for angina, subsequently found to inhibit platelet aggregation. It is most commonly used, and approved for use in thromboembolism prevention, following surgery. Some of its recognized effects such as adenosine uptake inhibition, elevation of cAMP and cGMP levels, vasodilation, and tissue perfusion are important in various ocular disorders. For this reason, dipyridamole represents an interesting candidate as a therapeutic target for the treatment of eye disorders affecting different ocular structures. The aim of this article is to review the evidence and current understanding of the mechanisms by which dipyridamole exerts its effects on different ocular tissues, discuss the role of dipyridamole in clinical practice, and highlight areas of use and routes of administration.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Chest Radiography Preliminary Experience (1993)

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) schemes for chest radiography are being developed with which to alert radiologists to possible lesions, and thus potentially improve diagnostic accuracy. However, CAD schemes have not been tested on a large number of clinical cases. The authors identify design parameters that would be required for development of an intelligent workstation. METHODS. Computer-aided diagnosis programs were applied for the automated detection of lung nodules, cardiomegaly, and interstitial infiltrates to 310 consecutive chest radiographs, and were analyzed for potential usefulness and limitations. Computer-aided diagnosis output was evaluated by radiologists and physicists for accuracy and technical problems, respectively. RESULTS. Approximately 70% of the results were judged to be potentially acceptable; however, the number of false-positive findings was relatively high. Technical problems included failure to detect subtle abnormalities and the occurrence of false-positive detections caused by normal anatomical structures. CONCLUSION. Computer-aided diagnosis has the potential to be a valuable aid to radiologists in clinical practice, if certain technical problems can be overcome and if optimal operating points can be defined for clinical use.
Nonvolatile resistive memory devices based on hydrogenated amorphous carbon (2013)

There has recently been increased interest in carbon-based resistive random-access (RRAM) memory. Carbon-based RRAM has the potential to scale to atomic dimensions, resulting in ultra-high-density and low-power memory. Here we report reversible unipolar resistance switching in hydrogenated amorphous carbon. The devices used in this study are fabricated using e-beam lithography with built-in series resistors. A thorough analysis of the electrical transport and the resistance switching mechanism is presented.
<title>Parallel Truth-Table Look-Up Digital Holographic Processing</title> (1980)

Optical systems capable of performing arithmetic operations in parallel on arrays of binary input data are discussed. Data obtained from the truth-tables for the implemented operations are stored as holograms used in the systems. These data (or their reduced form) correspond to either the sum of products or the product of sums logical expressions relating each of the bits of the result to the input bits. Using the operations of addition and multiplication as examples it is shown that the number of holograms that must be recorded is considerably reduced when the input and output data are in binary-coded residue representation rather than in direct binary representation.
Membrane has high urea-rejection properties (1977)

Membranes are synthesized from ethylene and nitrogen in RF plasma at low power, gas-flow rates, and pressure. Ethylene and nitrogen are used because flow rate and partial pressure of each gas can be independently controlled to produce optimum conditions for synthesizing membrane. Membrane is particularly useful in recycling and purifying water.