gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1 SCA2003-02: THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CRUDE OIL/BRINE/ROCK COMBINATIONS ON WETTABILITY THROUGH SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION (2015)

Wettability depends on crude oil/brine/rock interactions. The presence of initial water saturation can determine the areas of rock pore surface where such interactions result in adsorption of polar components from crude oil to give a condition described as mixed wettability (MXW). If crude oil is removed to leave an organic film (F) on the rock surface, the condition is referred to as MXW-F. MXW and MXW-F wetting states are compared through spontaneous imbibition measurements for crude oil/brine/rock combinations that include one sandstone and one limestone with each rock type exposed to an asphaltic and a moderately asphaltic crude oil. The solvency of the crude oils for the asphaltenes was decreased by addition of n-decane with volumetric ratio ranging from 14 % to 30%. The limestone exhibited greater sensitivity to crude oil solvency than the sandstone. Whatever the crude oil or its composition, rates of recovery of refined oil by spontaneous imbibition from MXW-F cores were slower than for the corresponding MXW cores.
Using the minimum reservation rate for transmission of pre-encoded MPEG VBR video using CBR service (1996)

This paper presents the system issues involved with the transmission of pre-encoded VBR MPEG video using CBR service. Conventional wisdom suggests that lossless delivery of VBR video using CBR service requires bandwidth to be reserved at the peak rate resulting in low bandwidth utilization. We calculate the minimum rate at which bandwidth must be reserved on a network in order to provide continuous playback of an MPEG encoded video bitstream. Simulation results using the frame size traces from several pre-encoded MPEG bitstreams and several buffer sizes demonstrate that this &quot;minimum reservation rate&quot; is much lower than the peak rate when a relatively small playback buffer size is used, resulting in much higher bandwidth utilization. Procedures for performing connection setup and lossless realtime video playback between the video server and the client are outlined. Methods for incorporating VCR-like features such as &quot;pause&quot; and &quot;fast forward/reverse&quot; for Video-on-Demand (VoD) applications are presented.
Biomechanical Behavior of Oral Soft Tissues (2011)

These investigations quantify the biomechanical properties of oral soft tissues and show region-to-region variation that details structure-function relationships and provides key parameters to aid development of biomaterials that perform with appropriate biomechanical properties.
An improved statistical iterative algorithm for sparse-view and limited-angle CT image reconstruction (2017)

Because radiation is harmful to patients, it is important to reduce X-ray exposure in the clinic. For CT, reconstructions from sparse views or limited angle tomography are being used more frequently for low dose imaging. However, insufficient sampling data causes severe streak artifacts in images reconstructed using conventional methods. To solve this issue, various methods have recently been developed. In this paper, we improve a statistical iterative algorithm based on the minimization of the image total variation (TV) for sparse or limited projection views during CT image reconstruction. Considering the statistical nature of the projection data, the TV is performed under a penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS-TV) criterion. During implementation of the proposed method, the image reconstructed using the filtered back-projection (FBP) method is used as the initial value of the first iteration. Next, the feature refinement (FR) step is performed after each PWLS-TV iteration to extract the fine features lost in the TV minimization, which we refer to as 'PWLS-TV-FR'.
Pinch-Off Voltage-Adjustable High-Voltage Junction Field-Effect Transistor (2007)

In this letter, a novel type of high-voltage n-channel junction field-effect transistor (JFET) was designed using a conventional n-channel laterally diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (n-LDMOS) without changing any step in the process. High-voltage JFET can be a start-up device in power factor correction, dc-ac converters, and ac-dc converters for providing a self-powered circuit and minimizing standby power losses without gate control because of its negative threshold voltage. Experimental results show that an n-LDMOS with this JFET structure can achieve a reverse blocking voltage of more than 700 V with very low leakage current. The pinch-off voltage can be designed by changing n-well width to meet the circuit requirement.
Alternative to NASA's concatenated coding system for the Galileo mission (1994)

Because of delays in the Galileo mission an enhanced coding gain was required, compared to the gain achieved by the concatenated system recommended by CCSDS. NASA has met the requirement by exchanging the inner convolutional memory, rate 1/2 code with a memory 14, rate 1/4 code, whereby an enhanced coding gain of 1.6 dB can be obtained if infinite interleaving is assumed. To obtain this enhanced coding gain the complexity for the inner decoder is increased by at least 256 times. The author proposes an alternative system with a slightly larger enhanced coding gain obtained at interleaving degree 16, i.e. by a system which can be implemented in practice. The overall complexity is, however, at least 25 times smaller than the complexity for the system implemented by NASA.
Java technologies for games (2004)

Network games are the fastest growing segment of the games market. The technologies required to build these massively networked games is evolving at a rapid pace. There are many components to these technologies. There are server, desktop client, and mobile client technologies which enable these connected games. This article provides on overview of the server, desktop, and mobile technologies that are available to build a networked game with Java technology.
Potential Applications of Pulsed Flow for Minimizing Concentration Polarization in Ultrafiltration (1990)

Abstract Various methods have been proposed to control or minimize concentration polarization and membrane fouling. A brief review of these alternatives is presented in this paper. Flow pulsation as a means of improving transmembrane flux has been studied experimentally by a few investigators. A mathematical model is developed to evaluate the performance of a tubular membrane module under oscillatory flow conditions. Besides the effect of osmotic pressure and axial pressure variation, the model considers the convective-diffusive mass transport without decoupling the momentum equation from the solute continuity equation. Model equations are solved by a finite difference method as part of an iterative solution. Model predictions of transmembrane flux with experimental data are found to be in good agreement. By flow pulsing, it is possible to improve the transmembrane flux by more than 68% at pulsing frequency of 60 cycles · min−1. An analysis of extra power requirement for flow oscillation shows that the gain in transmembrane flux outweighs the cost of extra power, which is a minute fraction of the power required to maintain steady flow.
Digestibility of acetylated and succinylated proteins by pepsin-pancreatin and some intracellular peptidases. (1980)

The molecular sizes of hydrolysates of acetylated and succinylated caseins by pepsin-pancreatin were examined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-15. There were more large peptides (average residual number >15) in the hydrolysates of the acylated caseins than there were in the hydrolysate of unmodified casein. In these large peptides from the acylated caseins the contents of Nε-acyl-lysines were high. The digestibility of Nε-acetyl and Nε-succinyl lysine bonds in peptides by aminopeptidases [(EC 3.4.11.1) and (EC 3.4.11.2)] and watermelon carboxypeptidase model enzyme of cathepsin A [(EC 3.4.16.1)] was examined using digest of acylated caseins by pepsin, trypsin and α-chymotrypsin and some synthetic peptides. All peptidases released either Nε-acetyl or Nε-succinyl-lysine from peptides. The hydrolytic processes of acetylated and succinylated proteins before and after intestinal absorption are discussed.
Using Simulation Model to Reduce System Design Time and Cost (2014)

Introduction This paper presents the findings of a case study in which Emerson Climate Technologies’ System Design Simulator, a steady-state system modeling tool, was used to evaluate design options rather than implementing the changes incrementally in a laboratory test and evaluating the results of each change. Simulation software has proven to drastically reduce development time and cost by limiting the need for expensive and time consuming laboratory testing. Three different system types were used in this study to show the capability of the model and identify design options for improving performance. The three system types were: 3 Ton Air Source Heat Pump: It was selected as it is the most common system using conventional round tube finned heat exchangers in indoor and outdoor units. 5 Ton Heat Pump Pool Heater: This unit was selected to show SDS’s ability to model other system types. It uses coaxial heat exchanger in the outdoor unit and round tube finned heat exchanger in the Indoor Unit. . 2.5 Ton Residential Split System with a Micro Channel Condenser: Unit is equipped with Micro Channel condenser in the outdoor unit whereas the indoor unit has round tube finned heat exchanger. Methodology Several design options that may improve performance were identified for all three systems but only design options for the 13.7 SEER, 3 ton Heat Pump will be presented, including validation runs for the other two systems. Targeted performance testing was used to validate the modeling tool during the re-design exercise. For simplicity, the following parameters are investigated in this exercise: 1. Optimize refrigerant charge by managing compressor Superheat and Condenser Subcooling) and superheat). 2. Optimize refrigerant circuits in indoor and outdoor coils. 3. Change to higher efficiency fan motors in indoor and outdoor units. 4. Optimizing the air flow rate in indoor and outdoor units. 5. Effect of smaller displacement compressor. 6. Evaluate effect of two-capacity compressor. The overall SEER for the final system configuration was 15.8 Btu/Wh resulting in gain of about 16%. Breakdown of gain from each design option will be listed. Using the simulation tool to model the system and analyze numerous design changes eliminated several weeks of laboratory testing and evaluation. While the real cost of engineering time varies by organization, it can safely be shown that there was a significant cost saving associated with using the simulation tool. It also offers opportunity to streamline the product development process and speed of the time it takes to get new products to market.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of Diverse Small Molecules Using the Build/Couple/Pair Strategy (2009)

The build/couple/pair strategy has yielded small molecules with stereochemical and skeletal diversity by using short reaction sequences. Subsequent screening has shown that these compounds can achieve biological tasks considered challenging if not impossible ('undruggable') for small molecules. We have developed gold(I)-catalyzed cascade reactions of easily prepared propargyl propiolates as a means to achieve effective intermolecular coupling reactions for this strategy. Sequential alkyne activation of propargyl propiolates by a cationic gold(I) catalyst yields an oxocarbenium ion that we previously showed is trapped by C-based nucleophiles at an extrannular site to yield alpha-pyrones. Here, we report O-based nucleophiles react by ring opening to afford a novel polyfunctional product. In addition, by coupling suitable building blocks, we subsequently performed intramolecular pairing reactions that yield diverse and complex skeletons. These pairing reactions include one based on a novel aza-Wittig-6pi-electrocyclization sequence and others based on ring-closing metathesis reactions.
CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE PRECURSOR FREQUENCY ANALYSES IN BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION WITH VOLUNTEER UNRELATED DONORS VALUE IN DONOR SELECTION (1995)

Between May 1989 and February 1994, we performed 48 volunteer unrelated donor BMTs for first chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia using in vivo T cell depletion for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) prophylaxis. In 40 cases, adequate material was available to measure the frequency of antirecipient MHC cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) cells in the blood of potential donors. This supplemented standard serological typing, one-dimensional isoelectric focusing for class I proteins, and allogenotyping for DR and DQ alleles using DNA RFLP analysis in the donor selection process. All recipients were conditioned with cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg, TBI 1320 cGy, and intravenous Campath 1G. GvHD prophylaxis consisted of CsA, short-course methotrexate, and intravenous Campath 1G. Minimum follow-up in all surviving recipients was 100 days. The development of aGvHD and the probability of leukemia-free survival were compared between the high frequency group (CTLp>l in 100,000) (n=15) and the low frequency group (CTLp<l in 100,000) (n=25). There was a trend for increasing grade of aGvHD, which was statistically significant in the high frequency group when compared with the low frequency group (P=0.003). Both a high frequency of CTLp (relative risk [RR] = 9.0, P=0.016) and HLA mismatch (RR=6.7, P=0.023) were predictors of severe aGvHD (grade III or IV). Multivariate analysis showed that CTLp group (RR=3.4, P=0.015) and CMV status (RR=3.9, P=0.008) were predictors of leukemia-free survival. Further investigation showed an interaction between the two, such that CMV seropositive recipients in the high frequency group had a relative risk of 9.4 (P=0.0001) of treatment failure (death or relapse) when compared with other combinations. We conclude that with our present GvHD prophylaxis regimen, CTLp frequency analysis predicts post-BMT outcome and is a valuable aid in donor selection.
A Method of Defining Ignition Quality of Fuels in HCCI Engines (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine has been run at different operating conditions with fuels of different RON and MON and different chemistries. The ignition quality of the fuel at a given operating condition is characterized by CA50, the crank angle at which the cumulative heat released reaches 50% of the maximum value for the cycle. It is found that CA50 might show no correlation with either RON or MON but correlates very well with the Octane Index, OI defined as OI = (1-K)RON + KMON = RON - KS, where K is a constant depending on the engine operating condition and S is the fuel sensitivity, (RON - MON). The higher the OI, the more the resistance to autoignition and the later is the heat release in the HCCI engine at a given condition. When the engine is run with a boost pressure of 1 bar and with the intake air temperature maintained at 40° C, K is highly negative and fuels of low MON, such as those containing aromatics, olefins or ethanol, have a higher OI and ignite later than paraffinic fuels of comparable RON. When the engine is run with no intake boost and the intake air is heated to 120° C, the value of K becomes slightly greater than zero so that the autoignition quality of the fuel is determined mostly by its RON. Thus K decreases as the engine is run relatively cooler and at higher pressures and MON contributes less to the measure of resistance to autoignition. This trend is in line with earlier studies of autoignition in knocking engines.</div>
Ink-Dependent n-Factors for the Yule-Nielsen Modified Spectral Neugebauer Model (2011)

Different inks may have different mechanical and/or optical properties. Existing Yule-Nielsen modified Neugebauer spectral prediction models assume however that the inks forming a color halftone behave similarly, i.e. that a single n-factor can model the lateral propagation of light within the paper as well as non-uniformities of the ink dot thickness profiles. However, if the inks have very different optical or mechanical properties, each ink may be separately modeled with its specific n-factor. In order to predict the reflection spectrum of such color halftones, we extend the ink spreading enhanced Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer (EYNSN) model by calculating for each halftone an optimal n-factor as an average of the ink specific n-factors weighted by a parabolic function of the ink surface coverages. We compare the prediction accuracies of the standard EYNSN model where each halftone is predicted by making use of one global n-factor with the predictions accuracies of the extended EYNSN model where each halftone is predicted with its corresponding optimal n-factor derived from the individual ink-specific n-factors. For inks having very different optical and/or mechanical properties, we observe an improvement of the prediction accuracies.
Experimental and Modeling Investigations of NOx Trap Performance (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>This paper summarizes some of the research which has been carried out at Ford Motor Co. in the area of NO<sub>x</sub> traps. Results from a large body of experimental work are reviewed and used to provide insight into the fundamental processes which govern NO<sub>x</sub> trap performance. In particular, the key parameters which control thermal durability and sulfur poisoning of the NO<sub>x</sub> trap are discussed in detail. In addition, a theoretical model of the NO<sub>x</sub> trap is described and used in the analysis and interpretation of the experimental results</b>.</div>
Applications of RFID Technology and Smart Parts in Manufacturing (2004)

Industrial and consumer applications of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) are explored. The state-of-the-art and development in RFID technology is reviewed. A currently operative smart parts based manufacturing system is described which uses RFID as the key technology. The role of RFID in the emerging Wireless Internet Manufacturing field is highlighted.
ATP-Responsive Controlled Release System Using Aptamer-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2012)

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide, which plays a vital role in many biological processes, including muscle contraction, cells functioning, synthesis and degradation of important cellular compounds, and membrane transport. Thus, the development of ATP-responsive controlled release system for bioorganism application is very significative. Here, an original and facile ATP-responsive controlled release system consisting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) functionalized with an aptamer as cap has been designed. In this system, the ATP aptamer was first hybridized with arm single-stranded DNA1 (arm ssDNA1) and arm single-stranded DNA2 (arm ssDNA2) to form the sandwich-type DNA structure and then grafted onto the MSN surface through click chemistry approach, resulting in blockage of pores and inhibition of guest molecules release. In the presence of ATP, the ATP aptamer combined with ATP and got away from the pore, leaving the arm ssDNA1 and ssDNA2 on the surface of MSN. The guest molecules can be released because single-stranded DNA is flexible. The release of the guest molecules from this system then can be triggered by the addition of ATP. As a proof-of-principle, Ru(bipy)(3)(2+) was selected as the guest molecules, and the ATP-responsive loading and release of Ru(bipy)(3)(2+) have been investigated. The results demonstrate that the system had excellent loading efficiency (215.0 μmol g(-1) SiO(2)) and the dye release percentage can reach 83.2% after treatment with 20 mM ATP for 7 h. Moreover, the ATP-responsive behavior shows high selectivity with ATP analogues. However, the leakage of Ru(bipy)(3)(2+) molecule is neglectable if ATP was not added, indicating an excellent capping efficiency. Interestingly, this system can respond not only to the commercial ATP but also to the ATP extracted from living cells. By the way, this system is also relatively stable in mouse serum solution at 37 °C. This proof of concept might promote the application of ATP-responsive devices and can also provide an idea to design various target-responsive systems using other aptamers as cap.
Continuous High-Frequency Measurements of the Drilling Process Provide New Insights Into Drilling-System Response and Transitions Between Vibration Modes (2016)

Summary The oil-and-gas industry has become increasingly interested in drilling dynamics and vibration as causes of drilling inefficiency and reduced drilling performance. Generally, drillstring vibration is measured with shock-and-vibration sensors installed in measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools, logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools, and rotary steerable systems (RSS). Although these tools provide valuable real-time and recorded-mode information on the dynamic conditions, they are not generally designed to capture continuous high-frequency (HF) mechanics and dynamics data, and burst data may miss important information about the evolution of the system response and state. A downhole mechanics measurement tool has been developed that makes a comprehensive suite of measurements of the drilling process, including forces, accelerations, rotational speed, pressures, and temperatures. In addition to providing information in real time, the tool has the capability to capture long durations of continuous data at frequencies between 50 and 2,000 Hz. The recorded-mode information obtained has provided significant insight into the response of the drilling system to starting rotation; drilling procedures and parameter modifications; and exposure to excitation from sources including, but not limited to, rig heave, bottomhole-assembly (BHA) component imbalance, and bit/rock interaction. A wide range of occurrences has been captured in which the drilling system switches from a dominant vibration mode, typically torsional (downhole rotation-velocity oscillations or stick/slip) into a different mode, such as axial (bit bounce) or lateral (whirl). Transitions between different types of whirl have also been recorded. Several cases were studied to investigate the evolution and response of drilling-system behavior on the basis of in-depth interpretation of relatively long durations (minutes to hours) of HF data sets in the operational context. The findings verify the value of using continuous HF vibration data to understand the drilling system and to increase drilling performance.
EVALUATION OF A NEW BIPOLAR COAGULATION FORCEPS IN A THERMAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (2009)

Bipolar forceps containing heat pipes more effectively limits excessive thermal spread, thereby potentially reducing the risk of unintended injury to collateral or peripheral tissue.
RT to Win! Predicting Message Propagation in Twitter (2021)

Twitter is a very popular way for people to share information on a bewildering multitude of topics. Tweets are propagated using a variety of channels: by following users or lists, by searching or by retweeting. Of these vectors, retweeting is arguably the most effective, as it can potentially reach the most people, given its viral nature. A key task is predicting if a tweet will be retweeted, and solving this problem furthers our understanding of message propagation within large user communities. We carry out a human experiment on the task of deciding whether a tweet will be retweeted which shows that the task is possible, as human performance levels are much above chance. Using a machine learning approach based on the passive-aggressive algorithm, we are able to automatically predict retweets as well as humans. Analyzing the learned model, we find that performance is dominated by social features, but that tweet features add a substantial boost.