gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MO019AURORA PHASE 3 TRIAL DEMONSTRATES VOCLOSPORIN STATISTICAL SUPERIORITY OVER STANDARD OF CARE IN LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims Voclosporin (VCS) is a novel high potency calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) with a favorable metabolic profile and a consistent predictable dose response potentially eliminating the need for therapeutic drug monitoring. The Aurinia Renal Response in Active Lupus with Voclosporin (AURORA) study, involving 357 patients with active LN, was a Phase 3 global, double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VCS (23.7mg BID) vs placebo in combination with mycophenolate (MMF, 2 g/day) and rapidly tapered low dose oral steroids. Method The primary endpoint was renal response (RR) at 52 weeks. RR was defined as UPCR of ≤ 0.5 mg/mg, eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min, or no confirmed decrease from baseline in eGFR of &gt; 20%, presence of sustained, low dose steroids and no administration of rescue medication. Results AURORA met its primary endpoint, achieving statistically superior RR rates of 40.8% for voclosporin vs. 22.5% for the control (OR 2.65, 95% CI; p &lt; 0.001). The benefits of VCS were also seen for all predetermined secondary endpoints, achieving statistical significance in favor of VCS for RR at 24 weeks, partial renal response (PRR) at 24 and 52 weeks, time to achieve UPCR ≤ 0.5, and time to 50% reduction in UPCR. Prespecified confirmed eGFR decreases &gt;30% were similar in both groups, with 10.1% reported in the VCS group and 10.2% in the control arm (p= 0.971). No significant differences were seen at any timepoints in the study. Furthermore, all pre-specified subgroup analyses (age, sex, race, biopsy class, region, and prior MMF use) also favored VCS. VCS was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals. Similar SAEs were reported in the VCS group (20.8%) and in the control arm (21.3%). Infection was the most commonly reported SAE with 10.1% of VCS patients versus 11.2% of patients in the control arm. Overall mortality in the trial was low, with 6 deaths observed; 1 in the VCS arm and 5 in the control group. Additionally, the VCS arm showed no significant decrease at week 52 in eGFR or increase in BP, lipids or glucose. Conclusion While maintaining a comparable safety profile, VCS plus standard therapy achieved a statistically superior RR over one year compared to placebo plus standard therapy in adults with active LN.
A Novel Channel Estimation and ICI Cancelation for Mobile OFDM Systems (2007)

A novel iterative channel estimation and intercarrier interference (ICI) cancellation scheme is proposed in this paper for mobile OFDM systems. The proposed scheme uses decision feedback to estimate both channel gain and the ICI gains, the latter being the multiplicative gain applied to the adjacent subcarriers. Thus the receiver can perform equalization and ICI cancelation in an iterative fashion. Computer simulations show that significant improvement can be obtained by the proposed scheme in fast fading channels.
Performance limitations imposed on optical waveguide switches and modulators by polarization (1976)

Crosstalk in optical waveguide switches/modulators caused by having two polarizations simultaneously present is studied in this work. This situation is expected to arise when fiber optical transmission lines are coupled to integrated optical circuits. Modulator/switch performance is found to be strongly affected by having two propagating polarizations. Conditions on device design are found that minimize the polarization sensitivity of switches/modulators, making them suitable for use with fiber optic transmission lines.
Control of Single Spin in CMOS Devices and Its Application in Quantum Bits (2018)

This chapter shows how to measure and manipulate a single spin in a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device fabricated in a preindustrial 300 mm CMOS foundry. The spin manipulation is done by a microwave electric field applied directly on a gate. In macroscopic silicon crystals the electrons are localized on donors. In nanoscopic transistors the carriers can be localized on either quantum dots or donors. The trigate nanowire technology enables the manipulation of either electrons or holes, depending on the nature of the source-drain doping and on the polarity of the gate voltage. The spin qubit is based on a p-type metal-oxide semiconductor type of nanowire field-effect transistors that allows for the first time the realization of a hole spin qubit. The decisive advantage of using holes is that the spin can be manipulated by an electric voltage applied on standard gates, thanks to spin-orbit coupling.
Conducting carbon‐nitrogen pyropolymers derived from cyanogen (1985)

Abstract Electropolymerization of cyanogen in acetonitrile containing an electrolyte yields a poly(cyanogen). Its structure involves an open‐structured dimer derived from the heterocyclic anion C 7 N 7 − mixed with a sequence of nitrile‐substituted, conjugated carbon–nitrogen bonds. Although this polymer is an insulating solid, pyrolysis in vacuo to 700°C leads to highly conducting carbon–nitrogen pyropolymers via crosslinking and nitrogen elimination. The 700° pyropolymer has a carbon–nitrogen ratio of 5:1, a room temperature conductivity of 1 Ω −1 cm −1 , and an activation energy for conduction of ∼0.03 eV.
Integrated design of speed sensorless control algorithms for induction motors (2015)

Bandwidth limitation hinders the economical and broad application of induction motors promised by speed sensorless drive. This paper proposes an integrated control and observer design for speed sensorless control of induction motors with stator voltage and current measurements. With a general observer structure, the backstepping-based robust control design explicitly considers the errors of both the state estimation and tracking, and thus avoids the commonly used time scale separation. The gain selection for the controller becomes easy and straightforward. As a case study, the extended Kalman filter is used as a state estimator in order to simplify the gain tuning process. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of proposed method.
Striping-Aware Sequential Prefetching for Independency and Parallelism in Disk Arrays with Concurrent Accesses (2009)

Traditional studies on disk arrays have focused on parallelism or load balance of disks. However, this paper reveals that the independency of disks is more important than parallelism for concurrent reads of large numbers of processes in striped disk arrays, whereas parallelism is significant only for concurrent reads of small numbers of processes. We investigate and evaluate how much aligning sequential prefetch in strip or stripe boundaries affects the I/O performance by comparing with the proposed two types of sequential prefetching schemes, both of which are implemented in Linux kernel 2.6.18. In the experiments in this study, the combination of our schemes outperforms the original sequential prefetching of Linux by 3.2 times for 128 clients and 2.4 times for a single sequential read.
Novel Identity and Functional Markers for Human Corneal Endothelial Cells (2016)

In vitro expansion of HCECs from cadaveric donor corneas yields functional cells identifiable by morphology and a panel of novel markers. Markers described correlated with function in culture, suggesting a basis for cell therapy for corneal endothelial dysfunction.
Exploring the cancer methylome (2012)

Cancer develops not only as a result of genetic mutations and genomic rearrangements, but also as a consequence of numerous epigenetic alterations, including extensive changes in the distribution of DNA methylation throughout the genome. DNA methylation changes contribute directly to cancer by transcriptional silencing of tumor-suppressor genes through promoter CpG island hypermethylation. Broad epigenomic analysis of human tumors can reveal relationships between large numbers of epigenetic events and can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying concerted epigenetic change. Genomic loci targeted by Polycomb Group Repressors in embryonic stem cells, and involved in cellular differentiation, are predisposed to aberrant DNA methylation in cancer cells, suggesting that an epigenetic block to cellular differentiation may sometimes be an initiating event in carcinogenesis. The very strong associations between distinct epigenetic subtypes, such as CpG Island Methylator Phenotypes (CIMP) and specific somatic genetic events, such as BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer and IDH1 mutation in glioblastoma multiforme are consistent with an early role for DNA methylation alterations, providing a favorable cellular context for the subsequent somatic mutation. The analysis of whole methylomes at single-basepair resolution reveals that cancer-associated changes occur differentially across defined regions of the genome associated with the nuclear lamina. It is apparent that epigenomic analysis is essential for a full understanding of the relationship between alterations in the cancer genome and the origin and clinical diversity of individual tumors.
49.1: Development of Highly Rigid Shadow Mask for Color CRTs (2002)

Abstract Claded steel plate is applied to make shadow mask rigid. It is confirmed that two layers Claded structure is not suitable for the shadow mask material because of bi‐metal action. The internal stress accumulation mechanism was discovered in three layers Claded structure and that improves the shadow mask rigidity by 60%.
Insulin‐feedback <i>via</i> PI3K‐C2α activated PKBα/Akt1 is required for glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (2010)

Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) play central roles in insulin signal transduction. While the contribution of class Ia PI3K members has been extensively studied, the role of class II members remains poorly understood. The diverse actions of class II PI3K-C2alpha have been attributed to its lipid product PI(3)P. By applying pharmacological inhibitors, transient overexpression and small-interfering RNA-based knockdown of PI3K and PKB/Akt isoforms, together with PI-lipid profiling and live-cell confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we now demonstrate that in response to insulin, PI3K-C2alpha generates PI(3,4)P(2), which allows the selective activation of PKBalpha/Akt1. Knockdown of PI3K-C2alpha expression and subsequent reduction of PKBalpha/Akt1 activity in the pancreatic beta-cell impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release, at least in part, due to reduced glucokinase expression and increased AS160 activity. Hence, our results identify signal transduction via PI3K-C2alpha as a novel pathway whereby insulin activates PKB/Akt and thus discloses PI3K-C2alpha as a potential drugable target in type 2 diabetes. The high degree of codistribution of PI3K-C2alpha and PKBalpha/Akt1 with insulin receptor B type, but not A type, in the same plasma membrane microdomains lends further support to the concept that selectivity in insulin signaling is achieved by the spatial segregation of signaling events.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of Novel Quinolones as HIV‐1 Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Probing the Aglycon Promiscuity of an Engineered Glycosyltransferase (2008)

A sweet library: Two variants (wild-type (WT) and a triple mutant) of glycosyltransferase (GT) OleD have been shown to catalyze glycosylation of over 70 substrates, formation of O-, S- and N-glycosidic bonds, and iterative glycosylation (see scheme). Identified substrates include nucleophiles not previously known to act in GT reactions and span numerous natural product and therapeutic drug classes. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Novel Agents that Prevent Atherosclerosis: Multivalent Peptide Constructs and Self-Assembling Cyclic DL-α-Peptides (2015)

Heart disease is the number one killer worldwide, and is responsible for nearly a third of all deaths in the USA. The principal cause of heart disease is lipid accumulation in the arteries with attendant deposition of atherosclerotic plaque, which is comprised mainly of lipids, cholesterol, calcium salts, cells, and cellular debris. Atherosclerosis can be treated by reducing low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) via administration of statin drugs. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) appear to protect against atherosclerosis, such that an increase in their levels and function is desirable. HDL particles, ranging in size from 7-13 nm, are in a constant state of dynamic flux, where the large particles convert into smaller particles, or release free apoA-I. HDL particles accept cholesterol and lipids from peripheral cells and plaques for elimination in the liver (Reverse Cholesterol Transport). The antiatherogenic action of HDL is related to the major structural protein, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), a 243-mer in humans that is comprised of 10 amphiphilic -helices [1]. ApoA-I mimetic peptides are generally amphiphilic -helices that can boost levels of cholesterol-mobilizing, HDL-like particles or improve the functional properties of such particles [1]. We have been involved in the design, synthesis, and functional characterization of novel molecules that mimic apoA-I based on the multivalent presentation of 23-mer and 16-mer amphiphilic, α-helical peptides [2]. Some of these derivatives were athero-preventive in a key mouse model on i.p. and oral (!) administration [3]. Results from this work led us to explore amphiphilic cyclic DL--peptides that could self-assemble into amphiphilic nanotubes.
Consistent phrase relevance measures (2008)

Measuring the relevance between a document and a phrase is fundamental to many information retrieval and matching tasks including on-line advertising. In this paper, we explore two approaches for measuring the relevance between a document and a phrase aiming to provide consistent relevance scores for both in and out-of document phrases. The first approach is a similarity-based method which represents both the document and phrase as term vectors to derive a real-valued relevance score. The second approach takes as input the relevance estimates of some in-document phrases and uses Gaussian Process Regression to predict the score of a target out-of-document phrase. While both of these two approaches work well, the best result is given by a Gaussian Process Regression model, which is significantly better than the similarity-based approach and 10% better than a baseline similarity method using bag-of-word vectors.
Comparative Assessment of Batch Reactors for Scalable Hydrogen Production (2008)

A new concept of a variable volume batch reactor, CO2/H2 active membrane piston (CHAMP), is introduced for scalable hydrogen production for portable and distributed applications. The conceptual design and operating principles of the CHAMP reactor are discussed, aiming at precise control of residence time and optimal performance. A simplified reactor model is formulated, and the operation of the idealized reactor is numerically simulated. In the ideal limit of no heat or mass transfer limitations, the hydrogen yield rate and efficiency of the CHAMP reactor are shown to exceed that of a comparable, traditional continuous-flow (CF) design. In the presence of transport limitations, the relative performance enhancement enabled by the CHAMP reactor is even greater. Additionally, the transient nature of the CHAMP reactor makes it particularly suited for applications with varying power demands, such as in transportation, and its stackable design makes it highly scalable across a wide range of power requirements.
Grammar-based task analysis of web logs (2004)

The daily use of Internet-based services is involved with hundreds of different tasks being performed by multiple users. A single task is typically involved with a sequence of Web URLs invocation. We study the problem of pattern detection in Web logs to identify tasks performed by users, and analyze task trends over time using a grammar-based framework. Our results are demonstrated on a corporate Intranet portal application with 7000 users over a 6 week period and demonstrate compelling business value from this high-level task analysis.
Discriminative utterance verification using minimum string verification error (MSVE) training (2002)

This paper focuses on one aspect of achieving flexible speech recognition, namely, improving the ability to cope with naturally spoken utterances through discriminative utterance verification. We propose an algorithm for training utterance verification systems based on the minimum verification error (MVE) training framework. Experimental results on speaker-independent connected digits, show a significant improvement in verification accuracy when the discriminant function used in MVE training is made consistent with the confidence measure used in utterance verification. At a 10% rejection rate, for example, the new proposed method reduces the string error rate by a further 22.7% over our previously reported results in which the MVE based discriminative training was not incorporated.
318 Golf club behavior simulation during a swing (2013)

During a golf swing, a bending and torsion occur on the shaft of a golf club, and it changes a head speed and a head angle etc. The behavior of such a golf club mainly originates in the input from a swing of a golfer. In recent years, many researches and development pay their attention to more upstream stage of the swing motion. Moreover, to understand the mechanism which connects a swing and a golf club behavior, many researches in consideration of the oscillation characteristic of the golf club and of a simulation by Multi Body Dynamics are being studied. This paper, which studies the highly accurate analysis technology in consideration of those all, shows the technology called Swing Simulation. It can predict a golf club behavior during a swing, formed by Multi Body Dynamics constructed with three-body golf club model with oscillation characteristic and by a three-dimensional displacement data reproducing swing characteristics. Compared a simulation result with actual golf club behavior, such as a position, a head speed and a bending, a simulation accuracy is confirmed.
Advances in ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy (1996)

Time resolved tunnel current was measured over 4 orders of magnitude in separation between tip and sample using an ultrafast scanning tunneling microscope (USTM). These measurements reveal two distinct regimes for tip height dependence of the signal. In addition, we report 900 femtosecond temporal resolution with a sensitivity of 20 mV/√Hz in USTM measurements of voltage pulses on a coplanar transmission line, and we show that the microscope operates as a high impedance probe.
AutoFeed (2005)

Our goal is to automatically extract data from semi-structured webn sites. Previously, researchers have developed two types of supervised learning approaches for extracting web data: methods that create precise, site-specific extraction rules and methods that learn less-precise site-independent extraction rules. In either case, significant training is required. In this paper, we describe a third, more ambitious approach, where we use unsupervised learning to analyze sites and discover their structure. Our method relies on a set of heterogeneous "experts", each of which is capable of identifying certain types of generic structure. Each expert represents its discoveries as "hints". Based on these hints, our system clusters the pages and identifies semi-structured data that can be extracted. To identify a good clustering, we use a probabilistic model of the hint-generation process. The paper describes our formulation of the fully-automatic web-extraction problem, our clustering approach, and our results on a set of experiments.
Three‐dimensional Directed Assembly of Block Copolymers together with Two‐dimensional Square and Rectangular Nanolithography (2011)

Self-assembling sphere-forming block copolymers that normally adopt a hexagonal packing in thin films were directed to assemble on chemically patterned surfaces into their three-dimensional bulk-like body-centered cubic morphology; two-dimensional manufacturing-relevant patterns with square and rectangular symmetry could be derived from the films using molecular transfer printing at a resolution beyond the limits of current lithographic tools and materials. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A New Family of Small Molecules To Probe the Reactivation of Mutant p53 (2005)

Cells that express mutant p53 derived from cancers are selectively killed by a new class of small organic molecules. The protein p53 is recognized as one of the most important guardians in the body that prevents tumor development. Mutant forms of p53 are present in approximately 50% of all human cancers. Molecules that selectively kill cells expressing mutant p53 could become important chemotherapeutic agents. Our research focuses on developing a synthetically accessible class of molecules that can be easily modified to examine structural activity relationships and mechanism of biological activity or to optimize for anticancer activity. In this communication, a new class of molecules that selectively arrests growth of cells expressing two forms of mutant p53 is described. Synthetic routes to these compounds are also presented.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Phosphonate Sensors (2007)

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) that are capable of sensing specific organophosphorous compounds, such as pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP), by luminescence have been synthesized and characterized. The polymers have been synthesized using conventional free radical polymerization and using Reversible Addition Fragmentation Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The RAFT polymers exhibited many advantages over conventional free radical processes but are more difficult to make porous.
SpotLight (2018)

How do we spot interesting events from e-mail or transportation logs? How can we detect port scan or denial of service attacks from IP-IP communication data? In general, given a sequence of weighted, directed or bipartite graphs, each summarizing a snapshot of activity in a time window, how can we spot anomalous graphs containing the sudden appearance or disappearance of large dense subgraphs (e.g., near bicliques) in near real-time using sublinear memory? To this end, we propose a randomized sketching-based approach called SpotLight, which guarantees that an anomalous graph is mapped 'far' away from 'normal' instances in the sketch space with high probability for appropriate choice of parameters. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets show that SpotLight (a) improves accuracy by at least 8.4% compared to prior approaches, (b) is fast and can process millions of edges within a few minutes, (c) scales linearly with the number of edges and sketching dimensions and (d) leads to interesting discoveries in practice.