gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-point Stereo Camera System for Controlling Safety at Railroad Crossings (2006)

Dozens of people are killed every year at railroad crossings, a situation that requires urgent action by railroad companies, especially in major cities. We are therefore developing a ubiquitous stereo vision based system for ensuring safety at railroad crossings. In this system, stereo cameras are installed at four corners and are pointed toward the center of the railroad crossing to monitor the passage of people. The system determines automatically and in real-time whether anyone or anything is inside the railroad crossing, and whether anyone remains in the crossing. The system can be configured to automatically switch over to a surveillance monitor or automatically connect to an emergency brake system in the event of trouble.
Optimal patrol strategy for protecting moving targets with multiple mobile resources (2013)

Previous work on Stackelberg Security Games for scheduling security resources has mostly assumed that the targets are stationary relative to the defender and the attacker, leading to discrete game models with finite numbers of pure strategies. This paper in contrast focuses on protecting mobile targets that lead to a continuous set of strategies for the players. The problem is motivated by several real-world domains including protecting ferries with escorts and protecting refugee supply lines. Our contributions include: (i) a new game model for multiple mobile defender resources and moving targets with a discretized strategy space for the defender and a continuous strategy space for the attacker; (ii) an efficient linear-program-based solution that uses a compact representation for the defender's mixed strategy, while accurately modeling the attacker's continuous strategy using a novel sub-interval analysis method; (iii) a heuristic method of equilibrium refinement for improved robustness and (iv) detailed experimental analysis in the ferry protection domain.
Three-Component Receptance Coupling Substructure Analysis for Tool Point Dynamics Prediction (2005)

In this paper we present the second generation receptance coupling substructure analysis (RCSA) method, which is used to predict the tool point response for high-speed machining applications. This method divides the spindle-holder-tool assembly into three substructures: the spindle-holder base; the extended holder; and the tool. The tool and extended holder receptances are modeled, while the spindle-holder base subassembly receptances are measured using a “standard” test holder and finite difference calculations. To predict the tool point dynamics, RCSA is used to couple the three substructures. Experimental validation is provided.
Three-dimensional photonic crystals for optical wavelengths assembled by micromanipulation (2002)

We have established a profitable fabrication technique for three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals for optical wavelengths. In our method, two-dimensional photonic plates, which serve as unit parts for 3D structures, are prepared by the semiconductor nanofabrication technique. Then, these plates are assembled into 3D structures by micromanipulation. Accurate lamination of the plates is assured by linking fiducial holes of neighboring plates with matching microspheres. With this technique, we have succeeded in fabricating 3D photonic crystals with one to four layers of woodpile structures. From scanning electron microscope observation of the crystals, the periodic error was determined to be within 50 nm. The optical properties of the crystals indicate existence of the photonic band gap at the expected wavelength of 3–4 μm.
Optimization of sample transfer in two-dimensional microfluidic separation systems (2008)

Multidimensional microfluidic separation systems combining a first dimension microchannel with an array of parallel second dimension microchannels can suffer from non-uniform sample transfer between the dimensions, sample leakage, and injection plug tailing within the second dimension array. These factors can significantly reduce overall two-dimensional separation performance. In this paper, numerical and analytical models reveal an optimized chip design which combines multidimensional backbiasing and an angled channel geometry to ensure leakage-free and uniform interdimensional sample transfer, while also minimizing injected sample plug lengths. The optimized design is validated experimentally using a multidimensional chip containing five second dimension channels.
gpsOne/sup TM/: a hybrid position location system (2002)

The cellular geo-location problem can be solved using either network-based methods or handset-based methods. gpsOne/sup TM/ is a hybrid position location technology that combines measurements from GPS and forward and reverse links of a CDMA system to improve position service availability. The CDMA wireless device's knowledge of time is used to enhance the sensitivity and time to fix of the location system. Tight integration between the CDMA and GPS parts of the wireless device result in a low-cost implementation. This paper describes the principles and benefits of integrating GPS in a CDMA system using the gpsOne/sup TM/ approach. Field test results are presented to demonstrate the high availability and accuracy of the positioning service.
Analysis and Compact Modeling of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Utilizing Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy (2018)

A macrospin compact model of a perpendicularly magnetized voltage-controlled magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is introduced, for the evaluation of electronic and magnetic characteristics associated with its switching behavior. The voltage-driven precessional switching has been shown to outperform current-driven switching in terms of energy, speed, and bit density. However, to realize the device in embedded system memory applications, developing a compact model for simulating hybrid MTJ/CMOS circuits is necessary. This framework also needs to be compatible with conventional computer-aided circuit design tools and flows. In this paper, the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect is included as a component of the effective magnetic field in a Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation-based model. The compact model is described by Verilog-A, providing a numerical solution for a 3-D magnetization trajectory and the corresponding conductance change of the MTJ. We also include the thermal noise effect in the LLG equation to allow the evaluation of stochastic switching behavior under a wide variety of bias conditions, which can be quantified in terms of write error rate (WER). It is shown that the model allows for optimization of write pulse shape and design considerations to achieve the lowest WER for given MTJ parameters.
Near Optimal Online Algorithms and Fast Approximation Algorithms for Resource Allocation Problems (2019)

We present prior robust algorithms for a large class of resource allocation problems where requests arrive one-by-one (online), drawn independently from an unknown distribution at every step. We design a single algorithm that, for every possible underlying distribution, obtains a $1-ε$ fraction of the profit obtained by an algorithm that knows the entire request sequence ahead of time. The factor $ε$ approaches $0$ when no single request consumes/contributes a significant fraction of the global consumption/contribution by all requests together. We show that the tradeoff we obtain here that determines how fast $ε$ approaches $0$, is near optimal: we give a nearly matching lower bound showing that the tradeoff cannot be improved much beyond what we obtain. Going beyond the model of a static underlying distribution, we introduce the adversarial stochastic input model, where an adversary, possibly in an adaptive manner, controls the distributions from which the requests are drawn at each step. Placing no restriction on the adversary, we design an algorithm that obtains a $1-ε$ fraction of the optimal profit obtainable w.r.t. the worst distribution in the adversarial sequence. In the offline setting we give a fast algorithm to solve very large LPs with both packing and covering constraints. We give algorithms to approximately solve (within a factor of $1+ε$) the mixed packing-covering problem with $O(\frac{γm \log (n/δ)}{ε^2})$ oracle calls where the constraint matrix of this LP has dimension $n\times m$, the success probability of the algorithm is $1-δ$, and $γ$ quantifies how significant a single request is when compared to the sum total of all requests. We discuss implications of our results to several special cases including online combinatorial auctions, network routing and the adwords problem.
Fibronectin fibrillogenesis on sulfonated polystyrene surfaces (2003)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) protein adsorption and organization serves as a critical first step in the development and organization of tissues. Advances in tissue engineering, therefore, will depend on the ability to control the rate and pattern of ECM formation. Fibronectin is a prominent component of the ECM, which undergoes fibrillogenesis in the presence of cells. Using sulfonated polysyrene surfaces, we showed that fibronectin undergoes a transition from monolayer to multilayer adsorption at calculated surface charge densities above 0.03 Coulombs (C)/m(2). At charge densities above approximately 0.08 C/m(2), distinct fibronectin fibrillar networks are observed to form with a fibril morphology similar to those observed to form in situ on cell surfaces. This self-organization process is time dependent, with the fibrils achieving dimensions of 30-40 microm in length and 1 microm in height after 72 h of incubation. We suggest that the polarization of charge domains on the polyampholytic fibronectin molecules near high charge density surfaces is sufficient to initiate the multilayer adsorption and the organization of these fibrillar structures. These results suggest that the nonlinear dependence of adsorption on surface charge density may play an important role in the self-organization of many matrix components.
Synthesis and Properties of Polyurethane Resins Containing Metallophthalocyanine Ring in the Chain. (1995)

主鎖中に金属フタロシアニン環(M-Pc, M=Co(II))を有するポリウレタン樹脂を合成し, その特質および成型性について調べた. 既報1)によりエチレングリコール, ジエチレンエーテルグリコール, 1,6-ヘキサンジオール, p,p′-ビフェノールを用いて, エステル置換基の異なるコバルト(II)フタロシアニンポリカルボン酸エステル誘導体を合成した.次いで, エステル置換基の異なるコバルト(II)フタロシアニンビスカルボン酸エステル誘導体およびコバルト(II)フタロシアニンテトラカルボン酸エステル誘導体と1,6-ヘキサンジオール(1, 6HD), 1,6-ヘキサンジイソシアネート(1, 6HDI)を溶液中で反応させ金属フタロシアニン環を主鎖に有する新しいポリウレタン樹脂を合成した. 得られたポリマーの熱的特質, 成型性について調べた. その結果, コバルト(II)フタロシアニンの導入により, ポリウレタン樹脂の分解温度は50°C以上上昇し, 融点以上で熱処理した樹脂は, 安定な相分離構造に変化することがわかった. また, 得られたポリウレタン樹脂は繊維, フィルムなどに容易に加工できることがわかった.
Perpendicular spin transfer torque magnetic random access memories with high spin torque efficiency and thermal stability for embedded applications (invited) (2014)

Magnetic random access memories based on the spin transfer torque phenomenon (STT-MRAMs) have become one of the leading candidates for next generation memory applications. Among the many attractive features of this technology are its potential for high speed and endurance, read signal margin, low power consumption, scalability, and non-volatility. In this paper, we discuss our recent results on perpendicular STT-MRAM stack designs that show STT efficiency higher than 5 kBT/μA, energy barriers higher than 100 kBT at room temperature for sub-40 nm diameter devices, and tunnel magnetoresistance higher than 150%. We use both single device data and results from 8 Mb array to demonstrate data retention sufficient for automotive applications. Moreover, we also demonstrate for the first time thermal stability up to 400 °C exceeding the requirement of Si CMOS back-end processing, thus opening the realm of non-volatile embedded memory to STT-MRAM technology.
Rapid prototyping of tools (2018)

Abstract: "This report describes a system for rapid tool manufacturing based on the integration of stereolithography and thermal spraying. With stereolithography apparatus (SLA), plastic prototype models are built directly from a vat of liquid photocurable polymer by selectively solidifying it with a scanning laser beam. Thermal spraying is then used to incrementally deposit metal onto the SLA models. A freestanding metal structure is formed by separating the metal shell from the plastic substrate. By mounting the shell in a frame and backing it up with appropriate materials, a broad range of tooling can be fabricated including injection molds, forming dies, and EDM electrodes.The system integrates SLA and thermal spraying into a CAD/CAM environment which includes design evaluation tools, robotic spray capability, and computer-aided process planning. Information flows efficiently from design through fabrication by incorporating a common geometric modeling system for part and process representations. Our goal is to demonstrate that automating and integrating these processes, within a unified modeling environment, can significantly improve productivity through greater design flexibility, rapid fabrication, and cost reduction. We have established the system framework and developed several system components. This report describes a case-study for the application of this technology to injection mold manufacture."
Combinatorial Approach to the Discovery of Novel Coordination Complexes (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCombinatorial Approach to the Discovery of Novel Coordination ComplexesMatthew B. Francis, Nathaniel S. Finney, and Eric N. JacobsenView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 37, 8983–8984Publication Date (Web):September 18, 1996Publication History Received31 May 1996Published online18 September 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961842uCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views992Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (66 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Elements,Ions,Ligands,Metals Get e-Alerts
Influence of Oxygen and Water on Photocurrent Multiplication in Organic Semiconductor Films (2003)

The influence of oxygen and water on the photocurrent multiplication phenomenon at the interface between organic semiconductor films and the metal electrode was separately observed. The influence of oxygen on the multiplication phenomenon was enhancement for p-type and suppression for n-type semiconductors. The influence of water on the multiplication was extreme enhancement exceeding 103-fold.
Overcoming the resolution challenge using special illumination techniques to print 50/50-nm nested contact holes at 157-nm wavelength (2003)

Several approaches to printing 50/50 nm nested contact holes are described and compared using lithographic simulations (ProlithTM 7.1). The approaches used include: off-axis quadrupole illumination and attenuating phase-shift mask with optimized polarization of the illumination; chromeless alternating phase shift-masks (CAPSM) in conjunction with special polarization schemes; immersion lithography with extremely high numerical aperture (NA) at 157 nm wavelengths; and EUV lithography. We show how the limits of the off-axis illumination technique can be pushed with the use of radial polarization and how the mask bias (or background transmission) can be used to optimize the image. Resolution limits are further pushed with 2D chromeless alternating PSM combined with the radial polarization. We show that with radial polarization, high-contrast images can be obtained and high-quality contact holes at 100 nm pitch can be printed using negative photo-resist. It is shown that, with immersion in a liquid of refractive index equal to 1.5, standard attenuating PSM with quadrupole or quasar illumination with unpolarized light and positive photo-resist will allow the printing of 100-nm-pitch contact holes. We compare these findings with results obtained at an EUV wavelength to confirm that imaging at an EUV wavelength and low NA can also provide excellent conditions to print 100-nm-pitch contact holes.
Chemistry of substituted (2-butene-1,4-diyl)magnesium: a facile approach to complex carbocycles, functionalized ketones and alcohols, and silicon-containing heterocycles (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of substituted (2-butene-1,4-diyl)magnesium: a facile approach to complex carbocycles, functionalized ketones and alcohols, and silicon-containing heterocyclesReuben D. Rieke and Heping XiongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 9, 3109–3118Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00009a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00009a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views726Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Inflammatory Responses by Oncostatin M (1999)

Abstract Oncostatin M (OM) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced late in the activation cycle of T cells and macrophages. In vitro it shares properties with related proteins of the IL-6 family of cytokines; however, its in vivo properties and physiological function are as yet ill defined. We show that administration of OM inhibited bacterial LPS-induced production of TNF-α and lethality in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with these findings, OM potently suppressed inflammation and tissue destruction in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. T cell function and Ab production were not impaired by OM treatment. Taken together these data indicate the activities of this cytokine in vivo are antiinflammatory without concordant immunosuppression.
Atomic Force Microscopic Detection Enabling Multiplexed Low-Cycle-Number Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Biomarker Assays (2014)

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction is the current "golden standard" for quantification of nucleic acids; however, its utility is constrained by an inability to easily and reliably detect multiple targets in a single reaction. We have successfully overcome this problem with a novel combination of two widely used approaches: target-specific multiplex amplification with 15 cycles of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by single-molecule detection of amplicons with atomic force microscopy (AFM). In test experiments comparing the relative expression of ten transcripts in two different human total RNA samples, we find good agreement between our single reaction, multiplexed PCR/AFM data, and data from 20 individual singleplex quantitative PCR reactions. This technique can be applied to virtually any analytical problem requiring sensitive measurement concentrations of multiple nucleic acid targets.
Scattered-pilot channel estimation for GFDM (2014)

This work presents the channel estimation for Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM). GFDM can be considered as a filtered bank multicarrier scheme, where a spectrally-contained pulse shaping is applied over each subcarrier to reduce out of band radiation (OOB). However, due to pulse shaping, subcarriers in GFDM are no longer orthogonal and there is inherent interference. Due to such interference, the channel estimation for GFDM is not trivial. In this work, two channel estimation methods for GFDM are proposed, 1) Pilot Interference Cancellation (Pilot-IC) where interference is pre-canceled only at pilot symbols, 2) Transmitter IC (Tx-IC) where interference is pre-cancelled at both data and pilot symbols. With scattered pilots over frequency and time grid, this allows frequency selective and time varying fading channels to be estimated, with reduced overhead. The simulation results show that these two methods can provide the same MSE performance. Moreover, the Pilot-IC pairing with a Zero Forcing (ZF) receiver, and the Tx-IC pairing with a simple Matched Filter (MF) receiver, also provide the same BER performance. Hence, it is possible to cancel the interference either at the transmitter or the receiver.
Effect of hydroperoxide on the isomerization of olefins catalysed by a ruthenium(II) complex (1971)

The rate of olefin isomerization catalysed by RuCl2(Ph3P)3 is greatly accelerated in the presence of small amount of hydroperoxides which convert the ruthenium complex into a catalytically active compound having a CO ligand.
Flip-chip assembly development via modified reflowable underfill process (2002)

This paper presents two flip-chip assembly processes that enable an underfill with higher filler loading to be incorporated into the package. The first process includes dispensing the underfill containing higher filler loading on substrate surface, followed by chip placement and solder reflow under thermal compression. Apart from this, the second approach is virtually the modification of standard reflowable underfill process. The underfill with higher filler loading was spin-coated onto a bumped wafer surface and then cured. Subsequently, the top portion of bumps was exposed by laser treatment prior to wafer dicing. The diced chips with low CTE coating on the surface already were assembled via standard reflowable underfill process that includes dispensing reflowable underfill, chip placement and solder reflow through reflow oven.