gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal stability parameters in synthetic antiferromagnetic free layers in magnetic tunnel junctions (2005)

We conducted a detailed comparative study of thermal stability properties of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with Ni81Fe19, Co90Fe10, and synthetic antiferromagnetic (Syn-AF) free layers. The properties were investigated using the junction magnetoresistance of current-perpendicular MTJ devices with a word line as probes. The observed sweep-rate-dependent coercivities were analyzed using the Sharrock formula. The results confirmed that the properties of KuV∕kBT values in the MTJs with the Ni81Fe19 free layer is mainly determined by the shape anisotropy, which is not true in the MTJs with the Co90Fe10 and Syn-AF free layers. The study also confirmed that the effective volume of the Syn-AF free layer increased due to the interlayer coupling and that the shape anisotropy in the Syn-AF free layer was less than that in the mono-free layer.
A transcription factor drug for asthma (2017)

Pulmonary Diseases
In asthma patients, too many goblet cells in the lung differentiate and produce excess mucus in response to inflammatory signals. In mice sensitized to house dust mite allergens, Sun et al. characterized a small molecule called RCM-1 that inhibits the activity of FOXM1, a transcription factor that is critical for airway goblet cell differentiation. RCM-1 also prevented airway hyperreactivity and inflammation and improved lung function in these mice. This molecule may have applications for other chronic pulmonary disorders associated with mucus hypersecretion.

Sci. Signal. 10 , eaai8583 (2017).
Influence of BMI on Level of Circulating Progenitor Cells (2011)

Obesity complicates a number of diseases through mechanisms that are poorly defined. Mobilization and recruitment of progenitor cells to pathological sites is an important factor in disease progression. Here, we analyzed the influence of obesity on the systemic circulation of CD34(+) cell populations and correlated frequencies of cells displaying previously established cell marker signatures with the BMI. Comparative analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 12 nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)) and 14 obese (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) disease-free donors by flow cytometry revealed that obesity is associated with a fivefold increased frequency of circulating progenitor cells (CPC), a population consisting of hematopoietic and endothelial precursors. Our data also indicate that obesity is associated with increased frequency of circulating mesenchymal stromal progenitor cells (MSC). In contrast, the frequencies of mature endothelial cells (EC) and CD34-bright leukocytes are unaffected by obesity. Combined, our results indicate that obesity promotes mobilization of progenitor cells, which may have clinical relevance.
A Survey of Longitudinal Acceleration Comfort Studies in Ground Transportation Vehicles (1977)

Experimental studies of objective and subjective passenger response to various fore-and-aft, or longitudinal, vehicle acceleration transients are reviewed. It is found that the wide variability in type of study and form of results does not allow conclusive statements to be made regarding passenger acceptability of any specific acceleration—jerk profile in a given transportation system.
Nitric oxide inhalation inhibits pulmonary apoptosis but not inflammatory injury in porcine meconium aspiration (1999)

To investigate the possible protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation in newborns with meconium aspiration, 18 10-12-d-old piglets were studied for 6h after an intratracheal bolus (3 ml/kg) of a 65-mg/ml mixture of human meconium. Twelve of the piglets were treated with continuous NO inhalation at a dose of 1 ppm (n = 6) or 10 ppm (n = 6), started 30 min before the insult. Pulmonary haemodynamics and systemic oxygenation were followed, and lung tissue samples were studied for signs of inflammation, evidence of ultrastructural injury and apoptotic cell changes. Inhalation of 10 ppm NO, in contrast to 1 ppm NO, significantly delayed the meconium-induced pulmonary pressure rise and the increase in intrapulmonary shunt fraction, and maintained better oxygenation in the piglets. Histologically and biochemically, treatment with 1 or 10 ppm NO inhalation did not protect the lungs against meconium-induced inflammatory injury. Further, ultrastructural lung tissue analysis revealed a significant amount of alveolar exudate and oedematous alveolar epithelium and endothelium after meconium instillation, also in the lungs treated with NO inhalation. However, the increase in apoptotic epithelial cell deaths, previously shown to be stimulated by intratracheal meconium, was significantly impeded after inhalation of 10 ppm. These results thus show that early continuous NO inhalation controls the rise in pulmonary artery pressure and improves the efficiency of arterial oxygenation, and further prevents the increase in epithelial apoptosis, but does not protect against early inflammatory damage caused by meconium aspiration.
Individual and combined effects of dosages of azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole in wheat. (2005)

The effects of single fungicide applications on Mycosphaerella graminicola (septoria leaf blotch) control and winter wheat yield were evaluated in field trials conducted in central Belgium between 2000 and 2004. Individual applications of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the manufacturer's recommended dose rates of azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole, and all the combinations of these treatments, were made at GS 39 in 2001 to 2004 and at GS 59 in 2000. Disease assessments were made at growth stage 75, some 7-8 weeks after the last applications. Between 2000 and 2003, no significant difference was observed for disease control between the products when applied alone. With regard to the dose responses, the differences between the recommended dose rates and the 50% reduced dosages were not important. In 2004, azoxystrobin was less effective than epoxiconazole. This was probably the result of strobilurin-resistant isolates of M. graminicola reaching an occurrence of 32% before fungicide application. The combination of different dosages of azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole revealed that there was very little synergy between these products when applied in a single application. The combinations of these products were better than individual applications only when high dosages of both compounds were used.
Amorphous Diamond MEMS and Sensors (2002)

This report describes a new microsystems technology for the creation of microsensors and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) using stress-free amorphous diamond (aD) films. Stress-free aD is a new material that has mechanical properties close to that of crystalline diamond, and the material is particularly promising for the development of high sensitivity microsensors and rugged and reliable MEMS. Some of the unique properties of aD include the ability to easily tailor film stress from compressive to slightly tensile, hardness and stiffness 80-90% that of crystalline diamond, very high wear resistance, a hydrophobic surface, extreme chemical inertness, chemical compatibility with silicon, controllable electrical conductivity from insulating to conducting, and biocompatibility. A variety of MEMS structures were fabricated from this material and evaluated. These structures included electrostatically-actuated comb drives, micro-tensile test structures, singly- and doubly-clamped beams, and friction and wear test structures. It was found that surface micromachined MEMS could be fabricated in this material easily and that the hydrophobic surface of the film enabled the release of structures without the need for special drying procedures or the use of applied hydrophobic coatings. Measurements using these structures revealed that aD has a Young's modulus of {approx}650 GPa, a tensile fracture strength of 8 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 8 MPa{center_dot}m {sup 1/2}. These results suggest that this material may be suitable in applications where stiction or wear is an issue. Flexural plate wave (FPW) microsensors were also fabricated from aD. These devices use membranes of aD as thin as {approx}100 nm. The performance of the aD FPW sensors was evaluated for the detection of volatile organic compounds using ethyl cellulose as the sensor coating. For comparable membrane thicknesses, the aD sensors showed better performance than silicon nitride based sensors. Greater than one order of magnitude increase in chemical sensitivity is expected through the use of ultra-thin aD membranes in the FPW sensor. The discoveries and development of the aD microsystems technology that were made in this project have led to new research projects in the areas of aD bioMEMS and aD radio frequency MEMS.
SP 800-58. Security Considerations for Voice Over IP Systems (2005)

Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) refers to the transmission of speech across data-style networks. This form of transmission is conceptually superior to conventional circuit switched communication in many ways. However, a plethora of security issues are associated with still-evolving VOIP technology. This publication introduces VOIP, its security challenges, and potential countermeasures for VOIP vulnerabilities.
Thermoelectric Devices: Solid-State Refrigerators and Electrical Generators in the Classroom (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermoelectric Devices: Solid-State Refrigerators and Electrical Generators in the ClassroomEdmund J. Winder , Arthur B. Ellis , and George C. Lisensky View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsinâ€“Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Department of Chemistry, Beloit College, Beloit, WI 53511Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 10, 940Publication Date (Web):October 1, 1996Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1996Published inissue 1 October 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ed073p940RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views916Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (148 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Thermodynamics,Thermoelectrics Get e-Alerts
A critical reconsideration of biomedical and veterinary applications of natural zeolites (2011)

Abstract Natural zeolites have traditionally been used as supplements in animal nutrition with positive effects in terms of either faster growth or reduced incidence of diseases and death. The discovery that natural zeolites may act as drugs or coadjutants in pharmaceutical preparations has greatly enlarged the field of their applications in many sectors of biology and medicine, opening unexpected horizons for either basic or applied research. This review updates the state of the art of research in this sector, focusing on clinoptilolite-rich materials, with two main purposes: (1) trying to rationalize this subject, which is extremely variable and heterogeneous, and (2) raising doubts about unsuitable uses of natural zeolites in the light of their known properties and expected behaviour.
Online co-localization in indoor wireless networks by dimension reduction (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of recovering the locations of both mobile devices and access points from radio signals that come in a stream manner, a problem which we call online co-localization, by exploiting both labeled and unlabeled data from mobile devices and access points. Many tracking systems function in two phases: an offline training phase and an online localization phase. In the training phase, models are built from a batch of data that are collected offline. Many of them can not cope with a dynamic environment in which calibration data may come sequentially. In such case, these systems may gradually become inaccurate without a manually costly re-calibration. To solve this problem, we proposed an online co-localization method that can deal with labeled and unlabeled data stream based on semi-supervised manifold-learning techniques. Experiments conducted in wireless local area networks show that we can achieve high accuracy with less calibration effort as compared to several previous systems. Furthermore, our method can deal with online stream data relatively faster than its two-phase counterpart. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling approaches in paediatric infectious diseases and immunology (2014)

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling is used to describe and quantify dose-concentration-effect relationships. Within paediatric studies in infectious diseases and immunology these methods are often applied to developing guidance on appropriate dosing. In this paper, an introduction to the field of PKPD modelling is given, followed by a review of the PKPD studies that have been undertaken in paediatric infectious diseases and immunology. The main focus is on identifying the methodological approaches used to define the PKPD relationship in these studies. The major findings were that most studies of infectious diseases have developed a PK model and then used simulations to define a dose recommendation based on a pre-defined PD target, which may have been defined in adults or in vitro. For immunological studies much of the modelling has focused on either PK or PD, and since multiple drugs are usually used, delineating the relative contributions of each is challenging. The use of dynamical modelling of in vitro antibacterial studies, and paediatric HIV mechanistic PD models linked with the PK of all drugs, are emerging methods that should enhance PKPD-based recommendations in the future.
Mice have a transcribed L-threonine aldolase/GLY1 gene, but the human GLY1 gene is a non-processed pseudogene (2005)

Mice, the western-clawed frog and the zebrafish have transcribed threonine aldolase/GLY1 genes, but the human homolog is a non-transcribed pseudogene. Serine dehydratase-like 1 is a putative L-threonine catabolising enzyme.
Blocking the Receptor for Interleukin 10 Protects Mice from Lethal Listeriosis (2001)

High doses of Listeria monocytogenes overcome the ability of a normal mouse to control the infection, due to massive bacterial replication. Treatment with an anti-interleukin 10 (IL-10) receptor monoclonal antibody prevented the fatal course of infection with high doses of bacteria. This work shows that blocking the receptor for IL-10 may have useful therapeutic applications.
Compatibility of Turkey Herpesvirus–Infectious Bursal Disease Vector Vaccine with Marek's Disease Rispens Vaccine Injected into Day-Old Pullets (2011)

Mixtures of turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and Rispens poultry vaccines have been used worldwide for over 20 yr, mainly for vaccination of future layers and breeders. With increasing virulence of Marek's disease (MD) virus strains, vaccination strategies are evolving toward the use of vaccines combining HVT and Rispens. A single vaccination either in ovo or at 1 day of age with the HVT + infectious bursal disease (IBD) vector vaccine is efficient against IBD. However, with vaccination programs that include a hatchery administration of the HVT + IBD vaccine, additional protection against very virulent and very virulent-plus MD viruses is needed, especially for layers and breeders. This study looked at the combination of four commercially available Rispens vaccines with the HVT + IBD vector vaccine injected at 1 day of age. MD challenge tests that were superior to 90% in relative score in all the groups vaccinated with both vaccines showed that the mixture of HVT + IBD and Rispens vaccines had no effect on clinical protection against MD, and IBD challenge tests showed that the mixture of HVT + IBD and Rispens vaccines had no effect on clinical protection against IBD, which was equal to 100% protection in all the groups vaccinated with both vaccines.
Cardiovascular and sedative alpha-adrenoceptor effects of detomidine-like arylalkyl imidazoles and associated derivatives. (1988)

The effects of detomidine (4-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1H-imidazole, Domosedan) and its congeners, MPV compounds, are evaluated in the cardiovascular system and related to their sedative action using clonidine and xylazine for reference purposes. The structure of the MPV compounds had been modified with methyl substituents in the phenyl ring, with differing lengths in the alkyl bridge, and with variations in the imidazole terminus. The lipophilicity of the test compounds had been estimated in terms of apparent partition coefficients in the octanol/buffer (pH 7.4, 24-26 degrees C) using the HPLC technique. The lipophilicity of the MPV compounds was found to be higher than for either clonidine or xylazine, suggesting a more rapid penetration into the central nervous system. Some of these 21 MPV compounds were hypotensive and bradycardic in anaesthetized rats. Interestingly a number of these MPV compounds were only bradycardic but not clearly hypotensive after i.v. administration to anaesthetized rats, this being most obvious in the case of the 2,5-dimethylphenyl derivative MPV 867. A further characteristic distinguishing between the central and peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors regulating cardiovascular tone was a distinct inability of some derivatives active at peripheral cardiac presynaptic (pithed rats) and central (young chicks) alpha 2-adrenoceptors to reduce blood pressure in anaesthetized rats. The sedative action of the compounds after i.m. injection into 2- to 5-day-old chicks was in general related to their central hypotensive and bradycardic effect in anaesthetized rats, and with peripheral vasopressor and sympatho-inhibitory activity in pithed rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Case Study: First Experience of Developing an Influx Management Envelope IME for a Deepwater MPD Operation (2017)

Abstract The Influx Management Envelope (IME) proposed by Culen et al. (2016) is an advanced, innovative way to assess influx conditions in Managed Pressure Drilling operations, offering an improved tool for the decision making process. This work presents the process of developing the IME concept on a real deepwater MPD operation for the first time. Limiting factors such as: shoe integrity, maximum surface pressures, and mud gas separator (MGS) flow rates (gas and liquid) have been taken into consideration in the process of developing a set of Influx Management Envelopes for three different hole sections. Two methods were used for developing the IMEs: Single bubble approach, as described by Culen et al.; and hydraulic modeling using a commercial transient, multiphase flow simulation software package. A comparison of the results from the single bubble calculation versus simulation methods is presented, highlighting the impact of gas dissolution and dispersion on the manageable influx volumes in MPD. Additionally, the IME design process includes provision for advanced alternatives for safe handling and removal of influxes within the limits of the primary barriers and those of the surface equipment.
Polyphonic Sound Event Detection Based on Residual Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network With Semi-Supervised Loss Function (2021)

Polyphonic sound event detection (SED) is an emerging area with many applications for smart disaster safety, security, life logging, etc. This paper proposes a two-stage polyphonic SED model when strongly labeled data are limited but weakly labeled and unlabeled data are available. The first stage of the proposed SED model is constructed by a residual convolutional recurrent neural network (RCRNN)-based mean teacher model with convolutional block attention module (CBAM)-based attention. Then, the second stage fine-tunes the student model from the first stage by applying the proposed semi-supervised loss function to accommodate the noisy targets of weakly labeled and unlabeled data. The proposed SED model is applied to both Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) 2019 Challenge Task 4 and DCASE 2020 Challenge Task 4, and its performance is compared with those of the baseline and top-ranked models from both challenges by measuring the F1-score and polyphonic sound detection score (PSDS). The experiments show that the RCRNN-based first-stage model with CBAM-based attention achieves a higher F1-score and PSDS than the baseline and top-ranked models for both challenges. Furthermore, the proposed two-stage SED model with the semi-supervised loss function improves the F1-score by 6.1% and 4.6% compared to the top-ranked models from DCASE 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Smartphone imaging technology and its applications (2021)

Abstract Thanks to their portability, connectivity, and their image performance – which is constantly improving – smartphone cameras (SPCs) have been people’s loyal companions for quite a while now. In the past few years, multicamera systems have become well and truly established, alongside 3D acquisition systems such as time-of-flight (ToF) sensors. This article looks at the evolution and status of SPC imaging technology. After a brief assessment of the SPC market and supply chain, the camera system and optical image formation is described in more detail. Subsequently, the basic requirements and physical limitations of smartphone imaging are examined, and the optical design of state-of-the-art multicameras is reviewed alongside their optical technology and manufacturing process. The evolution of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors and basic image processing is then briefly summarized. Advanced functions such as a zoom, shallow depth-of-field portrait mode, high dynamic range (HDR), and fast focusing are enabled by computational imaging. Optical image stabilization has greatly improved image performance, enabled as it is by built-in sensors such as a gyroscope and accelerometer. Finally, SPCs’ connection interface with telescopes, microscopes, and other auxiliary optical systems is reviewed.