gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple rate low-density parity-check codes with constant blocklength (2005)

This paper presents a new method to design low-density parity-check codes for a variety of different rates that all share the same fundamental decoder architecture. Combining rows of the parity-check matrix for the lowest rate code produces the parity-check matrices for higher rates. An important advantage of this approach is that all effective code rates have the same blocklength. These LDPC codes also share the same variable degree distribution. The proposed design method maintains good graphical properties and hence low error floors for all rates. Furthermore, an imposed matrix structure facilitates a low complexity encoding and decoding of the codes.
Peripheral nerve-speci?c extracellular matrix hydrogel supports repair after peripheral nerve injury (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Scalable and Explainable Outfit Generation (2021)

We present an end-to-end system for learning outfit recommendations. The core problem we address is how a customer can receive clothing/accessory recommendations based on a current outfit and what type of item the customer wishes to add to the outfit. Using a repository of coherent and stylish outfits, we leverage self-attention to learn a mapping from the current outfit and the customer-requested category to a visual descriptor output. This output is then fed into nearest-neighbor-based visual search, which, during training, is learned via triplet loss and mini-batch retrievals. At inference time, we use a beam search with a desired outfit composition to generate outfits at scale. Moreover, the attention networks provide a diagnostic look into the recommendation process, serving as a fashion-based sanity check.
Investigation into Development of Rapid Heat Ablation process Using hot tool (2005)

Recently, life cycle and lead-time of products have been shortened with the demand of customers. Therefore, it is important to reduce time and cost at the stage of manufacturing trial molds. In order to realize a three-dimensional shape on CAD, the machining process has been widely used because it offers practical advantages such as precision and versatility. However, the traditional machining process needs a large amount of time in cutting a product and the remained material causes trouble such as inconvenience for clarity. In this work, a new rapid manufacturing process using the hot tool, Rapid Heat Ablation process, has been developed to overcome such limitations. While the hot tool moves the predetermined path, the heat of the tool decomposes the remained material. The radius of heat affect ed zone related to process parameters was investigated through experiments to improve the quality of ablated parts. In order to examine the applicability of the proposed process, three-dimensional shapes such as hemisphere and standard test part, wereablatedutilizingtheapparatus.
Oxygen-Free Atomic Layer Deposition of Indium Sulfide (2014)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of indium sulfide (In2S3) films was achieved using a newly synthesized indium precursor and hydrogen sulfide. We obtain dense and adherent thin films free from halide and oxygen impurities. Self-limiting half-reactions are demonstrated at temperatures up to 225 °C, where oriented crystalline thin films are obtained without further annealing. Low-temperature growth of 0.89 Å/cycle is observed at 150 °C, while higher growth temperatures gradually reduce the per-cycle growth rate. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) together with depth-profiling Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) reveal a S/In ratio of 1.5 with no detectable carbon, nitrogen, halogen, or oxygen impurities. The resistivity of thin films prior to air exposure decreases with increasing deposition temperature, reaching <1 Ω·cm for films deposited at 225 °C. Hall measurements reveal n-type conductivity due to free electron concentrations up to 10(18) cm(-3) and mobilities of order 1 cm(2)/(V·s). The digital synthesis of In2S3 via ALD at temperatures up to 225 °C may allow high quality thin films to be leveraged in optoelectronic devices including photovoltaic absorbers, buffer layers, and intermediate band materials.
Peer to Peer Computing: The Evolution of a Disruptive Technology (2005)

Peer to Peer Computing: The Evolution of Disruptive Technology takes a holistic approach to the affects P2P Computing has on a number a disciplines. Some of those areas covered within this book include grid computing, web services, bio-informatics, security, finance and economics, collaboration, and legal issues. Unique in its approach, Peer to Peer Computing includes current articles from academics as well as IT practitioners and consultants from around the world. As a result, the book strikes a balance for many readers. Neither too technical or too managerial, Peer to Peer Computing appeals to the needs of both researchers and practitioners who are trying to gain a more thorough understanding of current P2P technologies and their emerging ramifications
MAGIC: A distributed MAx-Gain In-network Caching strategy in information-centric networks (2014)

Information centric networks (ICNs) allow content objects to be cached within the network, so as to provide efficient data delivery. Existing works on in-network caches mainly focus on minimizing the redundancy of caches to improve the cache hit ratio, which may not lead to significant bandwidth saving. On the other hand, it could result in too frequent caching operations, i.e., cache placement and replacement, causing more power consumption at nodes, which shall be avoided in energy-limited data delivery environments, e.g., wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a distributed caching strategy along the data delivery path, called MAGIC (MAx-Gain In-network Caching). MAGIC aims to reduce bandwidth consumption by jointly considering the content popularity and hop reduction. We also take the cache replacement penalty into account when making cache placement decisions to reduce the number of caching operations. We compare our caching strategy with several state-of-art caching strategies in ICNs. Our results show that the MAGIC strategy can reduce up to 34.50% bandwidth consumption, save up to 17.91% server hit ratio, and reduce up to 38.84% caching operations compared with the existing best caching strategy when cache size is small, which is a significant improvement in wireless networks with limited cache size at each wireless node.
Carbons for Lithium Battery Applications Prepared Using Sepiolite as Inorganic Template (1999)

Carbon anodes for Li‐ion cells were prepared by the in situ polymerization of olefins such as propylene and ethylene in the channels of a sepiolite clay mineral. Upon dissolution of the inorganic framework, a disordered carbon was obtained. The carbon was tested as an anode in coin cells, yielding an average reversible capacity of 633 mAh/g discounting the first cycle, which is 1.70 times higher than the capacity delivered by graphitic carbon assuming 100% efficiency. The coulombic efficiency was higher than 90%. Morphologies of the clay, carbon/clay composite, and final carbon were examined by TEM. The structure of the carbon and its electrochemical performance were monitored in situ by small angle x‐ray scattering. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Optical tomography as a PDE-constrained optimization problem (2005)

We report on the implementation of an augmented Lagrangian approach for solving the inverse problems in diffuse optical tomography (DOT). The forward model of light propagation is the radiative transport equation (RTE). The inverse problem is formulated as a minimization problem with the RTE being considered as an equality constraint on the set of 'optical properties—radiance' pairs. This approach allows the incorporation of the recently developed technique of PDE-constrained optimization, which has shown great promise in many applications that can be formulated as infinite-dimensional optimization problems. Compared to the traditional unconstrained optimization approaches for optical tomographic imaging where one solves several forward and adjoint problems at each optimization iteration, the method proposed in this work solves the forward and inverse problems simultaneously. We found in initial studies, using synthetic data, that the image reconstruction time can typically be reduced by a factor of 10 to 30, which depends on a combination of noise level, regularization parameter, mesh size, initial guess, optical properties and system geometry.
High-Power Surface-Emitting Photonic Crystal Laser (2007)

We report on a record CW surface-emitting output-power operation of 2D photonic-crystal lasers at RT. We also propose new cavity design for further increase of output power.
Iron piracy: acquisition of transferrin‐bound iron by bacterial pathogens (1994)

The mechanism of iron utilization from transferrin has been most extensively characterized in the pathogenic Neisseria species and Haemophilus species. Two transferrin-binding proteins, Tbp1 and Tbp2, have been identified in these pathogens and are thought to be components of the transferrin receptor. Tbp1 appears to be an integral, TonB-dependent outer membrane protein while Tbp2, a lipoprotein, may be peripherally associated with the outer membrane. The relative contribution of each of these proteins to transferrin binding and utilization is discussed and a model of iron uptake from transferrin is presented. Sequence comparisons of the genes encoding neisserial transferrin-binding proteins suggest that they are probably under positive selection for variation and may have resulted from inter-species genetic exchange.
CYCLIC OPERATION OF A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR FOR DECOMPOSING CALCIUM SULFATE (1991)

Calcium sulfate can be decomposed at a high temperature (e.g., 1100°C) in the presence of reducing agents such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen. However, conditions must be carefully controlled to avoid over-reduction and the formation of calcium sulfide. The problem of over-reduction can be avoided by using a fluidized bed reactor in which the gas phase is alternated in a periodic manner between reducing conditions and oxidizing conditions. This method was demonstrated with a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor which was fed continuously with granulated waste gypsum and a mixture of air and natural gas. The ratio of air to natural gas was varied in a periodic manner to provide alternating reducing and oxidizing conditions. Calcium sulfate was largely converted into the desired products while producing very little calcium sulfide. Operating performance was found to depend on cycle time, air to fuel ratio, temperature, and feed rate.
Fast spatially varying object motion blur estimation (2015)

Object motion results in spatially varying image blur. We propose an efficient method to recover a dense estimation of blur kernel. Proposed method takes advantage of the sparse representation of double discrete wavelet transform (DDWT) to simplify the wavelet analysis of blurry image. Our optimal solution includes separating the estimation of blur direction and length by investigating the cross-correlation; and exploiting mean absolute summation (MAS) function for noise-robust estimation. We demonstrate by experiments the considerable improvement in speed and handling noise.
Copolymers of (�)2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 3-[3,3,3-trimethyl-1,1-bis (trimethylsiloxy) disiloxanyl] propyl methacrylate (1997)

Statistical copolymers of (±)2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 3-[3,3,3-trimethyl- 1,1-bis (trimethylsiloxy) disiloxanyl] propyl methacrylate were synthesized and the reactivity ratios and the Q and e values were calculated. The glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were in good agreement with the predictions of Fox's equation and Wood's formula. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3571–3574, 1997
Experimental Investigation of an Electro-Adsorption Chiller (2005)

A comprehensive experiment has been conducted on a novel electro-adsorption chiller (EAC) with a rated cooling capacity of 120 W (uniform heat flux of about 4.7 W/cm2). At these rated conditions, it produces a heating load surface temperature of 23°C, about 10 degree below that of the heating-load temperature. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the prototype EAC is measured to be about 0.84.
Phase unwrapping by means of multigrid techniques for interferometric SAR (1996)

Weighted least squares phase unwrapping is a robust approach to phase unwrapping that unwraps around (rather than through) regions of corrupted phase. Currently, the only practical method for solving the weighted least squares equations is a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) technique. In this paper the authors present a new method for weighted least squares phase unwrapping. Their method is a multigrid technique that solves the equations on smaller, coarser grids by means of Gauss-Seidel relaxation schemes and transfers the intermediate results to the finer grids. A key idea of their approach is to maintain the partial derivatives of the given phase data in separate arrays and to correct these derivatives at the boundaries of the coarser grids. This correction maintains the boundary conditions necessary for convergence to the correct solution. Another key idea of their approach is to transfer the weighting values to the coarser grids in a carefully defined manner. They also present methods for defining the initial phase weights in an automated fashion. The resulting multigrid algorithm converges in only one or two multigrid cycles and is generally 15-25 times faster than the PCG technique.
Glycoengineering of EphA4 Fc leads to a unique, long-acting and broad spectrum, Eph receptor therapeutic antagonist (2017)

Eph receptors have emerged as targets for therapy in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease, however, particularly in non-neoplastic diseases, redundancy of function limits the effectiveness of targeting individual Eph proteins. We have shown previously that a soluble fusion protein, where the EphA4 ectodomain was fused to IgG Fc (EphA4 Fc), was an effective therapy in acute injuries and demonstrated that EphA4 Fc was a broad spectrum Eph/ephrin antagonist. However, a very short in vivo half-life effectively limited its therapeutic development. We report a unique glycoengineering approach to enhance the half-life of EphA4 Fc. Progressive deletion of three demonstrated N-linked sites in EphA4 progressively increased in vivo half-life such that the triple mutant protein showed dramatically improved pharmacokinetic characteristics. Importantly, protein stability, affinity for ephrin ligands and antagonism of cell expressed EphA4 was fully preserved, enabling it to be developed as a broad spectrum Eph/ephrin antagonist for use in both acute and chronic diseases.
Large field‐of‐view real‐time MRI with a 32‐channel system (2004)

The emergence of parallel MRI techniques and new applications for real-time interactive MRI underscores the need to evaluate performance gained by increasing the capability of MRI phased-array systems beyond the standard four to eight high-bandwidth channels. Therefore, to explore the advantages of highly parallel MRI a 32-channel 1.5 T MRI system and 32-element torso phased arrays were designed and constructed for real-time interactive MRI. The system was assembled from multiple synchronized scanner-receiver subsystems. Software was developed to coordinate across subsystems the real-time acquisition, reconstruction, and display of 32-channel images. Real-time, large field-of-view (FOV) body-survey imaging was performed using interleaved echo-planar and single-shot fast-spin-echo pulse sequences. A new method is demonstrated for augmenting parallel image acquisition by independently offsetting the frequency of different array elements (FASSET) to variably shift their FOV. When combined with conventional parallel imaging techniques, image acceleration factors of up to 4 were investigated. The use of a large number of coils allowed the FOV to be doubled in two dimensions during rapid imaging, with no degradation of imaging time or spatial resolution. The system provides a platform for evaluating the applications of many-channel real-time MRI, and for understanding the factors that optimize the choice of array size.
Compact Multilayer Film Structures for Ultrabroadband, Omnidirectional, and Efficient Absorption (2016)

We present a novel scheme for ultrabroadband and omnidirectional perfect absorbers with compact multilayer film structure. Our proposed device shows an average absorption of ∼98% over a wide range of wavelengths ranging from 400 to 2000 nm. The ultrabroadband characteristics are achieved with strongly overlapped optical resonances by designing a tandem structure composed of three absorptive materials, while the overall structure features a graded refractive index profile to obtain a wideband antireflection property. In addition to the high efficiency and ultrabroadband absorption, our perfect absorbers exhibit a great angular tolerance up to 60°, which is attributed to not only relatively broad resonances but also negligible propagation phase shifts in ultrathin highly absorbing layers. Lastly, we explore the effect of the number of semiconductor–metal stacks on the performance of the absorber. The presented approach can have tremendous potential for various applications, such as solar–thermal energy harvesting, thermoelectrics, detection, and imaging.
Activated NKT Cells and NK Cells Render T Cells Resistant to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Result in an Effective Adoptive Cellular Therapy against Breast Cancer in the FVBN202 Transgenic Mouse (2011)

Attempts to cure breast cancer by adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) have not been successful. This is primarily due to the presence of tumor-induced immune-suppressive mechanisms as well as the failure of tumor-reactive T cells to provide long-term memory responses in vivo. To address these clinically important challenges, we developed an ex vivo protocol for the expansion of tumor-reactive immune cells obtained from tumor-bearing animals prior to or after local radiation therapy. We used an Ag-free protocol that included bryostatin 1/ionomycin and sequential common γ-chain cytokines (IL-7/IL-15 + IL-2). The proposed protocol expanded tumor-reactive T cells as well as activated non-T cells, including NKT cells, NK cells, and IFN-γ-producing killer dendritic cells. Antitumor efficacy of T cells depended on the presence of non-T cells. The effector non-T cells also rendered T cells resistant to myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Radiation therapy altered phenotypic distribution and differentiation of T cells as well as their ability to generate central memory T cells. ACT by means of the expanded cells protected animals from tumor challenge and generated long-term memory responses against the tumor, provided that leukocytes were derived from tumor-bearing animals prior to radiation therapy. The ex vivo protocol was also able to expand HER-2/neu-specific T cells derived from the PBMC of a single patient with breast carcinoma. These data suggest that the proposed ACT protocol should be studied further in breast cancer patients.
( <i>S</i> )- <i>N</i> -[1-(3-Morpholin-4-ylphenyl)ethyl]- 3-phenylacrylamide:  An Orally Bioavailable KCNQ2 Opener with Significant Activity in a Cortical Spreading Depression Model of Migraine (2003)

(S)-N-[1-(3-Morpholin-4-ylphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylacrylamide (2) was synthesized as an orally bioavailable KCNQ2 potassium channel opener. In a rat model of migraine, 2 demonstrated significant oral activity in reducing the total number of cortical spreading depressions induced by potassium chloride.
Heterogeneous Multi-processor Coherent Interconnect (2013)

The rapid increase in processor and memory integration onto a single die continues to place increasingly complex demands on the interconnect network. In addition to providing low latency, high speed and high bandwidth access from all processors to all shared resources, the burdens of hardware cache coherence and resource virtualization are being placed upon the interconnect as well. This paper describes a multi-core shared memory controller interconnect (MSMC) which supports up to 12 processors, 8 independent banks of IO-coherent on-chip shared RAM, an IO-coherent external memory controller, and high bandwidth IO connections to the SoC infrastructure. MSMC also provides basic IO address translation and memory protection for the on-chip shared SRAM and external memory as well as soft error protection with hardware scrubbing for the on-chip memory. MSMC formed the heart of the compute cluster for a 28-nm CMOS device including 8 Texas Instruments C66x DSP processors and 4 cache-coherent ARM A15 processors sharing 6 MB of on-chip SRAM running at 1.3 Ghz. At this speed MSMC provides all connected masters a combined read/write bandwidth of nearly 1TB/s to access a combined read/write bandwidth of 457.6 GB/s to all shared resources @ 16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Overclocking in Immersion-Cooled Datacenters (2022)

Large cloud providers are starting to leverage liquid cooling for an increasing number of workloads. Liquid cooling enables providers to overclock server components, but they must tradeoff the potential increase in performance with higher power draw and reliability implications. We argue that two-phase immersion cooling is the most promising technology and, in that context, explore overclocking, its uses, and implications.
Molecular Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue Mass (2021)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a uniquely thermogenic tissue that plays an important role in metabolism and energy expenditure, has recently become a revived target in the fight against metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Different from white adipose tissue (WAT), the brown adipocytes have distinctive features including multilocular lipid droplets, a large number of mitochondria, and a high expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), as well as abundant capillarity. These histologic characteristics provide an opportunity to differentiate BAT from WAT using imaging modalities, such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, MRI, NIRF and Ultrasound. However, most of the reported imaging methods were BAT activation dependent, and the imaging signals could be affected by many factors, including environmental temperatures and the states of the sympathetic nervous system. Accurate BAT mass detection methods that are independent of temperature and hormone levels have the capacity to track the development and changes of BAT throughout the lifetime of mammals, and such methods could be very useful for the investigation of potential BAT-related therapies. In this review, we focus on molecular imaging modalities that can detect and quantify BAT mass. In addition, their detection mechanism and limitations will be discussed as well.
Preferential Syntheses of Semiconducting Vertically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Direct Use in FETs (2008)

We have combined fast heating with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for preferential growth of semiconducting vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-SWNTs). Raman spectroscopic estimation indicated a high yield of up to 96% semiconducting SWNTs in the VA-SWNT array. The as-synthesized semiconducting SWNTs can be used directly for fabricating FET devices without the need for any postsynthesis purification or separation.