gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Opsonic and Protective Activities of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Conjugate Vaccines Containing Native or Deacetylated Staphylococcal Poly- <i>N</i> -Acetyl-β-(1-6)-Glucosamine (2005)

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis both synthesize the surface polysaccharide poly-N-acetyl-beta-(1-6)-glucosamine (PNAG), which is produced in vitro with a high level (>90%) of the amino groups substituted by acetate. Here, we examined the role of the acetate substituents of PNAG in generating opsonic and protective antibodies. PNAG and a deacetylated form of the antigen (dPNAG; 15% acetylation) were conjugated to the carrier protein diphtheria toxoid (DT) and used to immunize animals. Mice responded in a dose-dependent fashion to both conjugate vaccines, with maximum antibody titers observed at the highest dose and 4 weeks after the last of three weekly immunizations. PNAG-DT and dPNAG-DT vaccines were also very immunogenic in rabbits. Antibodies raised to the conjugate vaccines in rabbits mediated the opsonic killing of various staphylococcal strains, but the specificity of the opsonic killing was primarily to dPNAG, as this antigen inhibited the killing of S. aureus strains by both PNAG- and dPNAG-specific antibodies. Passive immunization of mice with anti-dPNAG-DT rabbit sera showed significant levels of clearance of S. aureus from the blood (54 to 91%) compared to control mice immunized with normal rabbit sera, whereas PNAG-specific antibodies were ineffective at clearing S. aureus. Passive immunization of mice with a goat antiserum raised to the dPNAG-DT vaccine protected against a lethal dose of three different S. aureus strains. Overall, these data show that immunization of animals with a conjugate vaccine of dPNAG elicit antibodies that mediated opsonic killing and protected against S. aureus infection, including capsular polysaccharide types 5 and 8 and an untypable strain.
Pressure effects on polymerization of syndiotactic polystyrene (1998)

Polymerization pressure has a direct effect on the synthesis of syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) with metallocene as a catalyst. The polymerization rate, yield rate, and average molecular weight show a linear relationship with pressure, that is, they all increase with increased polymerization pressure. However, under 1000 psi, the yield of s-PS increases with polymerization duration while the yield rate decreases. As a whole, this syndiotactic polymerization proceeds relatively fast in comparison with ordinary vinyl polymerization. Optimal conditions (pressure, temperature, and duration) for the synthesis of s-PS have been explored. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 1747–1752, 1998
Flattened fundamental mode in microstructured fibers: design, realization and characterization (2012)

We report the first experimental demonstration of an optical fiber supporting a fundamental mode with flattened intensity profile around 1050 nm. The design has been defined through intensive numerical simulations by paying a special attention to the constraints imposed by the fabrication process. We show that the fabricated fiber presents a single-mode behaviour.
The Use of Artificial Bayesian Intelligence in Practical Well Control (2012)

Abstract Many well control incidents have been analyzed, resulting in the optimum practices, as outlined in this paper. The objective of this paper is to propose a set of guidelines for the optimal well control operations, by integrating current best practices through a decision-making system based on Artificial Bayesian Intelligence. Best well control practices collected from data, models, and experts' opinions, are integrated into a Bayesian Network to simulate likely scenarios of its use that will honor efficient practices. When dictated by varying operation, kick details, and kick severity. The proposed decision-making model follows a causal and an uncertainty-based approach capable of simulating realistic conditions on the use of well control operations. For instance, by varying the operation, the system will show the kick indicators for that particular operation. Also in the same model as the user vary the operation, rig and crew capabilities, kick details (such as slim hole, deviated or horizontal well), the system will show the optimum practices for circulation method and shut in method. The model also shows optimum practices for blowout control by varying the un-controlled kick type (surface, subsurface or underground blowouts). Recommended practices after controlling the well are shown by the same operation that caused the well control incident and by varying the potential reason for the incident. Two well control experts' opinions were considered in building up the model in this paper. The advantage of the artificial Bayesian intelligence method is that it can be updated easily when dealing with different opinions. The outcome of this paper is user-friendly software, where you can easily find the specific subject of interest, and by the click of a button, get the related information you are seeking. Field cases will also be discussed to validate this work.
Development of New Oncolytic Virotherapy Targeting Breast Cancer Using Coxsackievirus B3 (2021)

CVB3-HP is a strong oncolytic virus candidate for breast cancer, including TNBC, due to its remarkable oncolytic efficacy and improved safety profile.
Methodology Utilizing Continuous Source and Receiver Wavefields - Signal to Noise Ratio Considerations (2019)

Summary The peak sound pressure levels (SPL) and the sound exposure levels (SEL) are significantly reduced with the seismic methodology based on the emission and recording of continuous source and receiver wavefields. The peak sound pressure levels are reduced because the emitted energy is spread out in time approaching the properties of white noise, in contrast to conventional marine sources where the emitted wavefield is approaching the properties of a spike. The energy levels emitted by marine seismic sources and its impact on the signal to noise ratio has been discussed in a number of papers. The ability to achieve comparable penetration in depth with the continuous wavefield method despite of significantly reduced peak SPL and SEL levels compared to the conventional marine seismic method is related to several aspects such as attenuation of shot generated noise, improved spatial sampling of source positions, and improved ability to attenuate noise with long continuous records. In this paper we will discuss the phase spectrum of the wavefield emitted by a source, and its influence on the signal to noise ratio after deconvolving the emitted wavefield from the received wavefield.
Multiwavelength metasurfaces through spatial multiplexing (2016)

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrangements of optical scatterers rationally arranged to control optical wavefronts. Despite the significant advances made in wavefront engineering through metasurfaces, most of these devices are designed for and operate at a single wavelength. Here we show that spatial multiplexing schemes can be applied to increase the number of operation wavelengths. We use a high contrast dielectric transmittarray platform with amorphous silicon nano-posts to demonstrate polarization insensitive metasurface lenses with a numerical aperture of 0.46, that focus light at 915 and 1550 nm to the same focal distance. We investigate two different methods, one based on large scale segmentation and one on meta-atom interleaving, and compare their performances. An important feature of this method is its simple generalization to adding more wavelengths or new functionalities to a device. Therefore, it provides a relatively straightforward method for achieving multi-functional and multiwavelength metasurface devices.
<title>Micro-optic photonic time shifters based on switched gratings</title> (1997)

Switched-volume-diffraction gratings are used to form free- space optical time delay systems with digitally selectable delays. In these systems, a cascade of n independently controlled gratings provides 2' evenly spaced time delay paths. An important feature of the approach described here is that the technology allows the use of compact micro-optic packaging, which in turn allows independent time delay channels to be tightly stacked. In one such scenario, the optical system for 75 5-bit optical time delay modules, each with a maximum selectable time delay of 1 ns, can be packed in a 3-inch cube. Recent results of theoretical modeling and experiments are presented which show that these systems have potential for excellent channel isolation, crosstalk suppression, and low insertion loss. Optical systems are discussed in the context of phased array applications: various configurations are described, including a multi-pass entire array driver that may replace many single channel time shifters with a single optical system.
Protective effects of Sm-p80 in the presence of resiquimod as an adjuvant against challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni in mice (2010)

In conclusion the present study clearly demonstrates that Sm-p80 consistently maintained its protective nature, and resiquimod as an immunopotentiating agent slightly boosted the protective effects of Sm-p80 in both 'DNA prime-protein boost' and 'recombinant protein' immunization approaches in a murine model.
Abstract #713: Characterization of a new candidate target for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy: Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates cell surface translocation of Annexin A2 and contributes to pancreatic cancer invasion (2009)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a devastating cancer with a high mortality rate and few treatment options. Novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets are desperately needed to facilitate the early diagnosis and improve the treatment options for this disease. Cancer immunotherapy is an emerging approach for the treatment of PDA. Additionally, it provides critical human reagents for developing methods to identify new candidate proteins and biologic pathways. We previously developed an allogeneic GM-CSF secreting vaccine approach for the treatment of patients with resected PDA to prevent early recurrence. Phase I and II trials evaluating this vaccine in patients with resected PDA demonstrated both clinical and immunologic responses. We used immunized sera from these patients to develop a functional proteomic approach to identify pancreatic tumor proteins that are the targets of vaccine induced humoral responses. Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a member of the Annexin family of calcium-dependent, phospholipid binding proteins, is the first of a panel of identified antigens recognized by the post-vaccination sera of patients who demonstrated prolong disease-free survival following multiple vaccinations. An analysis of 16 patients in the phase II PDA vaccine study showed that vaccine induced anti-Annexin A2 antibody was detected in 6 of 8 patients who demonstrated an overall survival longer than 36 months, and only in 1 of 8 patients who did not demonstrate long-term survival. This result provides the first evidence that Annexin A2 is a potential pancreatic cancer tumor associated antigen. Consistent with previous reports, this study found that Annexin A2 is abundantly expressed in PDA and that Annexin A2 expression on the cell surface increases with the progression from premalignant lesions to invasive PDA. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that 29 (72.5%) out of 40 pancreatic tumor tissue samples tested have a significantly increased cell surface expression of Annexin A2. We further demonstrated that knock-down of Annexin A2 by siRNA suppressed the in vitro invasion of PDA cells and suggested that the cell surface localization of Annexin A2 is critical for PDA cell invasion. Moreover, phosphorylation of Annexin A2 at Tyrosine 23 is indispensible for its localization to the cell surface and for the invasion of PDA cells. Finally, this study demonstrated that loss of Annexin A2 leads to the loss of the TGF\#946;-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in PDA cells, providing a mechanism to explain why loss of Annexin A2 inhibits the invasion capacity of PDA cells. Taken together, Annexin A2 plays an important role in PDA cell invasion; and Annexin A2 is a new candidate pancreatic cancer therapeutic target for the future development of monoclonal antibody, small molecule, and vaccine therapies. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 713.
Multiple description scalable coding using wavelet-based motion compensated temporal filtering (2004)

Packet delay jitter and loss due to network congestion pose significant challenges for designing and deploying delay sensitive multimedia applications over the best effort packet switched networks such as the Internet. Recent studies indicate that using multiple descriptions coding (MDC) in conjunction with path or server diversity can mitigate these effects. However, the proposed MDC coding and streaming techniques are based on non-scalable coding techniques. A key disadvantages of these techniques is that they can only improve the error resilience of the transmitted video, but are not able to address two other important challenges associated with the robust transmission of video over unreliable networks: adaptation to bandwidth variations and receiving device characteristics. In this paper, we present a new paradigm, referred to as multiple description scalable coding (MDSC), that is able to address all the previously mentioned challenges by combining the advantages of scalable coding and MDC. This framework enables tradeoffs between throughput, redundancy and complexity at transmission time, unlike previous non-scalable MDC schemes. Furthermore, we also propose a novel MDSC scheme based on motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF), denominated multiple description motion compensated temporal filtering (MD-MCTF). We use the inherent ability of current MCTF schemes, using the lifting implementation of temporal filtering. We show how tradeoffs between throughput, redundancy and complexity can easily be achieved by adaptively partitioning the video into several descriptions after MCTF. Based on our simulations using different network conditions, the proposed MD-MCTF framework outperforms existing MDC schemes over a variety of network conditions.
<title>Expert system constant false alarm rate processor</title> (1993)

The requirements for high detection probability and low false alarm probability in modern wide area surveillance radars are rarely met due to spatial variations in clutter characteristics. Many filtering and CFAR detection algorithms have been developed to effectively deal with these variations; however, any single algorithm is likely to exhibit excessive false alarms and intolerably low detection probabilities in a dynamically changing environment. A great deal of research has led to advances in the state of the art in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and numerous areas have been identified for application to radar signal processing. The approach suggested here, discussed in a patent application submitted by the authors, is to intelligently select the filtering and CFAR detection algorithms being executed at any given time, based upon the observed characteristics of the interference environment. This approach requires sensing the environment, employing the most suitable algorithms, and applying an appropriate multiple algorithm fusion scheme or consensus algorithm to produce a global detection decision.
Pigeon: a wireless two-way messaging system (2002)

A new class of wireless messaging service, called two-way paging, is emerging. Current research on wireless messaging has mostly been concerned with low-level physical layer transmission issues, e.g., modulation and access. Few efforts have addressed high-level issues such as new messaging functionalities, high layer protocols, and overall system design. Most existing wireless messaging systems are built as monolithic entities in a centralized manner. We contend that the current designs lack flexibility required to meet the demand of next generation messaging needs. Pigeon is our proposal of a two-way messaging system. The novelty of our system lies in (1) the techniques used in mitigating the wireless media and end device constraints, (2) the functionalities provided, and (3) its modular architecture. Examples of (1) include the use of asymmetric protocols and the introduction of user agents. Examples of (2) include group addressing, transaction support and flexible messages. The modularity of Pigeon is especially important when it is mapped onto a specific platform, in which case the components of Pigeon, as opposed to the system as is, may be individually adopted. A prototype of Pigeon has been implemented and is operational at Bell Laboratories. We describe the design of Pigeon. We pay particular attention to motivate its service and system concepts. We also present, as an example, a mapping of Pigeon to cellular messaging.
Constrained polarization filtering for surface‐wave mitigation (2008)

We present a new method of surface‐wave mitigation using polarization filtering. The method evolves from the polarization‐analysis technique developed by Diallo et al., (2006) and introduces new constraints to effectively detect and mitigate surface waves without damaging the signal. Straightforward application of polarization filtering without these constraints results in ineffective filtering or damage to the signal, due to the complexity of surface‐wave wavetrains. We illustrate the performance of the method with examples from multicomponent seismic data, and demonstrate the superiority of the filtering compared to the unconstrained approach.
Pyramiding of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci, Fhb1, Fhb4, and Fhb5, in Modern Chinese Wheat Cultivars (2021)

Wheat production is increasingly threatened by the fungal disease, Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. The introduction of resistant varieties is considered to be an effective measure for containment of this disease. Mapping of FHB-resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) has promoted marker-assisted breeding for FHB resistance, which has been difficult through traditional breeding due to paucity of resistance genes and quantitative nature of the resistance. The lab of Ma previously cloned <i>Fhb1</i>, which inhibits FHB spread within spikes, and fine mapped <i>Fhb4</i> and <i>Fhb5</i>, which condition resistance to initial infection of <i>Fusarium</i> spp., from FHB-resistant indigenous line Wangshuibai (WSB). In this study, these three QTLs were simultaneously introduced into five modern Chinese wheat cultivars or lines with different ecological adaptations through marker-assisted backcross in early generations. A total of 14 introgression lines were obtained. All these lines showed significantly improved resistance to the fungal infection and disease spread in 2-year field trials after artificial inoculation. In comparison with the respective recipient lines, the <i>Fhb1, Fhb4</i>, and <i>Fhb5</i> pyramiding could reduce the disease severity by 95% and did not systematically affect plant height, productive tiller number, kernel number per spike, thousand grain weight, flowering time, and unit yield (without <i>Fusarium</i> inoculation). These results indicated the great value of FHB-resistance QTLs <i>Fhb1, Fhb4</i>, and <i>Fhb5</i> derived from WSB, and the feasibility and effectiveness of early generation selection for FHB resistance solely based on linked molecular markers.
Discriminating spurious signals in radar data using multiple channels (2017)

Spurious energy in received radar data is unanticipated and undesired signal relevant to radar target signatures, usually a consequence of nonideal component and circuit behavior, perhaps due to I/Q imbalance, nonlinear component behavior, additive interference (e.g. cross-talk, etc.), or other sources. The manifestation of the spurious energy in a range-Doppler map or image can often be influenced by appropriate pulse-to-pulse phase modulation. Comparing multiple images having been processed with the same data but different signal paths and modulations allows identifying undesired spurs and then cropping or apodizing them.
RobustSTL: A Robust Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Algorithm for Long Time Series (2018)

Decomposing complex time series into trend, seasonality, and remainder components is an important task to facilitate time series anomaly detection and forecasting. Although numerous methods have been proposed, there are still many time series characteristics exhibiting in real-world data which are not addressed properly, including 1) ability to handle seasonality fluctuation and shift, and abrupt change in trend and reminder; 2) robustness on data with anomalies; 3) applicability on time series with long seasonality period. In the paper, we propose a novel and generic time series decomposition algorithm to address these challenges. Specifically, we extract the trend component robustly by solving a regression problem using the least absolute deviations loss with sparse regularization. Based on the extracted trend, we apply the the non-local seasonal filtering to extract the seasonality component. This process is repeated until accurate decomposition is obtained. Experiments on different synthetic and real-world time series datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing solutions.
Adaptive beam pointing (2002)

A new technique to adaptively reduce main beam interference is described. Unlike conventional adaptive antenna techniques, this adaptive concept does not modify the pattern of the antenna, but rather reduces interference by repositioning the antenna beam to increase the signal to interference ratio. A closed loop technique repositions the antenna beam. Since the beam is repositioned rather than adaptively modified the technique does not require the expense of adaptive weighting circuitry and additional RF channels. This adaptive antenna technique controls main beam interference, and therefore complements traditional adaptive sidelobe cancellers that do not reduce main beam interference.
Efficient Probabilistic Packet Marking (2006)

Probabilistic packet marking is a general technique which routers can use to reveal internal network information to end-hosts. Such information is probabilistically set by the routers in headers of regular IP packets on their way to destinations. A number of potential applications have been identified, such as IP traceback, congestion control, robust routing algorithms, dynamic network reconfiguration, and locating Internet bottlenecks, etc. In this paper, we define EPPM, an efficient general probabilistic packet marking scheme with a wide range of potential applications, of which locating Internet bottlenecks and IP traceback are investigated as two representative examples to demonstrate its effectiveness. Our proposed scheme imposes only a single-bit overhead in the IP packet headers. More importantly, it significantly reduces the number of IP packets required to convey the relevant information when compared to the prior best known scheme (almost by two orders of magnitude).
The Detection of Motion by Blind Subjects With the Epiretinal 60-Electrode (Argus II) Retinal Prosthesis (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00407602