gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airway autoimmune responses in severe eosinophilic asthma following low-dose Mepolizumab therapy (2017)

While anti-IL5 mAb therapy is an exciting novel option to treat patients with severe asthma, there is the rare possibility of worsening of asthma as observed in this case study, due to local autoimmune mechanisms precipitated by potential inadequate airway levels of the monoclonal antibody.
Oral Microbiome and Cancer Therapy-Induced Oral Mucositis (2019)

Characterization of the role of oral microbiome in cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis (CTOM) is critical in preventing the clinically deleterious effects on patients' health that are associated with CTOM. Funding initiatives related to the National Institutes of Health human microbiome project have resulted in groundbreaking advancements in biology and medicine during the last decade. These advancements have shown that a human being is in fact a superorganism made of human cells and associated symbiotic or commensal microbiota. In this review, we describe the state of science as it relates to fundamental knowledge on oral microbiome and its role in CTOM. We also discuss how state-of-the-art technologies and systems biology tools may be used to help tackle the difficult challenges ahead to develop effective treatments or preventive therapies for oral mucositis. We make a clear distinction between disease processes pertaining to the oral microbiome, which includes opportunistic pathogens that may be defined as pathobionts, and those infectious disease processes initiated by exogenous pathogens. We also explored the extent to which knowledge from the gastrointestinal tract in disease and intestinal mucositis could help us better understand CTOM pathobiology. Finally, we propose a model in which the oral microbiome participates in the current five-step CTOM pathobiology model. With the advent of more sophisticated metagenomics technologies and methods of analysis, much hope lies ahead to implement an effective holistic approach to treat cancer patients affected by CTOM.
Image reconstruction with acoustic radiation force induced shear waves (2003)

Acoustic radiation force may be used to induce localized displacements within tissue. This phenomenon is used in Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging (ARFI), where short bursts of ultrasound deliver an impulsive force to a small region. The application of this transient force launches shear waves which propagate normally to the ultrasound beam axis. Measurements of the displacements induced by the propagating shear wave allow reconstruction of the local shear modulus, by wave tracking and inversion techniques. Here we present <i>in vitro</i>, <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> measurements and images of shear modulus. Data were obtained with a single transducer, a conventional ultrasound scanner and specialized pulse sequences. Young's modulus values of 4 kPa, 13 kPa and 14 kPa were observed for fat, breast fibroadenoma, and skin. Shear modulus anisotropy in beef muscle was observed.
Simulation Comparison of Birdcage Coil and Metamaterial Liner for MRI at 3T and 4.7T (2021)

The application of a thin metamaterial (MTM) liner to the RF shield of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system is proposed to improve whole-body imaging compared to conventional "birdcage" body volume coils. The MTM liner facilitates travelling wave (TW) MRI, where the radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field propagates within the MRI bore, which acts as circular waveguide. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations were performed comparing a conventional birdcage coil to a novel MTM liner design in terms of key MR RF performance metrics: transmit efficiency, homogeneity and specific absorption rate (SAR). The designs are compared at 3T (128 MHz) and 4.7T (200MHz), two high-field strengths where the RF field homogeneity and SAR constraints are critical. The ring-structure design of the MTM liner is described and simulations with an empty MRI bore and a homogeneous human body model are performed, including realistic losses for the lumped components used in practical construction. The results show that the MTM liner has a similar mean transmit efficiency, while having reduced 10g averaged local SAR compared to the conventional birdcage.
Whole spectrum fluorescence detection with ultrafast white light excitation (2006)

We use a single supercontinuum laser source to simultaneously excite multiple types of fluorescent dyes and collect the entire emission spectrum ranging from visible to near infrared, without using band pass filters and dichroic mirrors.
Prevention of Nonvertebral Fractures by Alendronate (1997)

In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, treatment with alendronate reduces the risk of nonvertebral fractures over at least 3 years.
Sub-micron range thickness measurements using a novel scanning heterodyne optical interferometer (2003)

Introduces a novel and highly accurate method of thickness measurement using a compact, high performance, scanning heterodyne optical interferometer. The instrument has the potential to measure thickness at an Angstrom resolution over a micron continuous thickness range. The instrument uses acousto-optic devices to implement rapid scanning for thickness measurements of the test medium. As the read optical beams scan the test medium for thickness assessment, the double Bragg diffraction makes the final interfering output beam stationary on the two high speed photo-detectors used for radio frequency signal generation via heterodyne detection. When a test medium is introduced in the read beam, an additional phase shift 2/spl pi/t(n-1)//spl lambda/ appears in the read beam as compared to the reference beam where t, n and /spl lambda/ are the thickness, refractive index and wavelength of the laser beam, respectively. This phase difference gives the thickness of the medium. Mechanical vibrations and thermal noise are eliminated via use of common optical and rf paths. A reflective design of the interferometer results in a compact and low component count instrument.
Experimental Verification of Expedited Freezing of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NEPCM) (2011)

Highly-conductive nano-sized particles are dispersed into phase change materials (PCM) to improve their effective thermal conductivity, thus leading to suspensions that are referred to as nanoparticle-enhanced PCM (NEPCM). In order to assess the extent of expedited phase change due to the enhanced thermal conductivity, the one-dimensional unidirectional freezing process of NEPCM in a finite slab was investigated experimentally. Thermocouple readings were recorded at several equally-spaced locations along the freezing direction in order to monitor the progress of the freezing front. As an example, cyclohexane (C6H12) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were chosen to develop the NEPCM with three different volume fractions (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 vol%). It was shown that the freezing rate for the 0.5 vol% NEPCM is considerably raised as compared to pure cyclohexane. However, further increase of the fraction of nanoparticles to 1.0 and 2.0 vol% did not linearly expedite freezing. Significant sedimentation of nanoparticles was observed for the 2.0 vol% NEPCM. Additionally, in this case the undesirable supercooling phenomenon was enhanced, which suppresses the growth rate of the solidified NEPCM.
An Efficient and Cost-Effective Synthesis of 2-Phenyl-3-aminopyridine (2001)

The synthesis of 2-phenyl-3-aminopyridine, a key intermediate in the preparation of 2-phenyl-3-aminopiperidine, from 2-chloro-3-aminopyridine is described using an imine as a protecting group for an aminopyridine. The in situ protection of 2-chloro-3-aminopyridine with benzaldehyde followed by Suzuki coupling with phenylboronic acid and subsequent acid hydrolysis provided the titled compound in a single, high-yielding step from inexpensive and commercially available starting materials.
Secure computing using cryptographic assurance of execution correctness (2005)

Current computing architectures are "inherently insecure" because they are designed to execute ANY arbitrary sequence of instructions. As a result they are subject to subversion by malicious code. Our goal is to produce a cryptographic method of "tamper-proofing" trusted code over a large portion of the software life cycle. We have developed a technique called "faithful execution", to cryptographically protect instruction sequences from subversion. This paper presents an overview of, and the lessons learned from, our implementations of faithful execution in a Java virtual machine prototype and also in a configurable soft-core processor implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
A Design of Input-Decimation Technique for Recursive DFT/IDFT Algorithm (2019)

In this paper, an input-decimation technique for the recursive discrete Fourier transform (RDFT)/inverse DFT (RIDFT) algorithm is proposed for the high-speed broadband communication systems. It is worth noting that the input-decimation approach is presented to decrease the number of input sequences for the recursive filter so that the computation cycle of RDFT/RIDFT can be shortened to meet the computing time requirement (3.6 μs) for the high-speed broadband communication systems. Therefore, the input-decimation RDFT/RIDFT algorithm is able to carry out at least 55.5% reduction of the total computation cycles compared with the considered algorithms. Furthermore, holding the advantages of input-decimation technique, the computational complexities of the real-multiplication and -addition are reduced to 41.3% and 22.2%, respectively. The area and the power consumption can be minimized by employing the cost-efficient constant multiplier with the refined signed-digit expression of twiddle factors. Finally, the physical implementation results show that the core area is 0.37×0.37 mm2 with 0.18 μm CMOS process. The power consumption is 5.16 mW with the supply voltage of 1.8 V and the operating clock of 40 MHz. The proposed design can achieve 258 million of computational efficiency per unit area (CEUA) and really outperform the previous works.
Composites (1991)

Herein is described a new class of materials for second harmonic generation (SHG), in which microcrystals of an SHG-active material (guest) are deposited within a polymer matrix (host) in an aligned fashion. The guest crystallites range from 3-nitroani1ine (mNA) to a new class of hydrogen-bonded dihydrogenphosphate salts, [AH][H2PO4] (where A - an amine). These latter materials have a range of physical properties that make them highly suited as SHG-active guest crystals. The guest crystals are aligned within the polymer matrix, using a thermal gradient technique, a method which produces transparent, non-scattering, flexible, SHG-active composites, with excellent temporal stability.
Reduction of GaAs surface recombination velocity by chemical treatment (1980)

Chemisorbed ruthenium ions on the surface of n-GaAs decrease the surface recombination velocity of electrons and holes from 5×105 to 3.5×104 cm/sec. It is shown that the ions, in a one-third monolayer thickness, are confined to the surface and do not form a new junction by diffusing into the GaAs. This use of Ru appears to be the first observation of the reduction of the surface recombination velocity for GaAs by the simple chemisorption of ions.
Topographic measurements using polarimetric SAR data (2002)

A technique using polarimetric SAR has been developed which is capable of directly sensing terrain surface slopes in the along-track (or azimuthal) direction. The method involves measuring the shift in orientation angle of the maximum in the polarimetric signature. The technique has measured slopes and derived elevations for both open and forested terrain. The method of polarization signature decomposition has been employed to identify components of the covariance matrix which produce the shift in the polarimetric peak position. Selected examples of terrain slope/elevation measurements made using both L- and P-band polarimetric SAR data will be given for heavily-forested areas near Freiburg, Germany and in northern California.
Dynamics of Energy Transfer from CdSe Nanocrystals to Triplet States of Anthracene Ligand Molecules (2016)

The combination of CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals with 9-anthracene carboxylic acid ligands can sensitize triplet–triplet annihilation on the emitter molecule diphenylanthracene. This hybrid system has recently been shown to upconvert visible light (532 nm) to ultraviolet light (420 nm) (Huang, Z., et al. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 5552–5557). In the current paper, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements are used to characterize the kinetics of the energy transfer from the CdSe exciton state to the triplet state of the anthracene ligand. We find that 9-anthracene carboxylic acid binds to CdSe according to Poisson statistics with a maximum number of 2–3 ligands per nanocrystal. The CdSe-to-ligand energy transfer rate is 1.5 × 107 s–1. The overall efficiency of the energy transfer appears to be limited by the presence of fast nonradiative decay channels in the nanocrystals and the low coverage of anthracene ligands, resulting from the specific ligand exchange conditions used in this paper. Possible strategies for improving this component of the hybrid upconversion system are discussed in light of these results.
Nonthrombogenic Hydrogel Coatings with Carbene-Cross-Linking Bioadhesives (2018)

Bioadhesives are a current unmet clinical need for mending of blood contacting soft tissues without inducing thrombosis. Recent development of carbene precursor bioadhesives with the advantages of on-demand curing, tuneable modulus, and wet adhesion have been synthesized by grafting diazirine onto poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM-G5) dendrimers. Herein, the structure activity relationships of platelet adhesion and activation is evaluated for the first time on the cured PAMAM-g-diazirine bioadhesives. Three strategies were employed to prevent healthy human donor platelets from adhering and activating on light-cured bioadhesive surfaces: (1) Attenuation of cationic surface charge, (2) antifouling composites by incorporating heparin and alginate in uncured formulation, and (3) heparin wash of cured bioadhesive surface. Topographical imaging of cured and ethanol dehydrated bioadhesive surfaces was used to quantify the adhered and activated platelets with scanning electron microscopy, whose resolution allowed identification of round senescent, short dendritic, and long dendritic platelets. Cured surfaces of PAMAM-g-diazirine (15%) had 10300 ± 500 adhered platelets mm<sup>-2</sup> with 99.7% activation into short/long dendritic cells. Reduction of primary amines by higher degree of diazirine grafting or capping of free amines by acetylation reduces platelet adherence (2400 ± 200 vs 3000 ± 300, respectively). Physical incorporation of heparin and alginate in the formulations reduced the activated platelet; 1300 ± 300 and 300 ± 50, activated platelets mm<sup>-2</sup>, in comparison with additive free adhesive formulation. Similarly, heparin rinse of the surface of additive free bioadhesive reduced the activated platelet to platelets of heparin composites at 600 ± 100 platelets mm<sup>-2</sup>. PAMAM-g-diazirine (15%) bioadhesive retained the photocured mechanical properties and lap shear adhesion despite the addition of heparin and alginate additives.
In situ Determination of SCR Catalyst Activity (2006)

Acinetobacter baumannii may exhibit phenotypic heterogeneous growth under exposure to antibiotics. We investigated the in vitro characteristics of A. baumannii isolates grown heterogeneously in the presence of meropenem and their virulence evaluated in experimental infections treated with meropenem. Five clinical A. baumannii isolates and the respective heterogeneously grown subpopulations were tested by agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), population analysis using meropenem and growth curves. The virulence of isolates and the therapeutic efficacy of three meropenem dosing schemes was evaluated in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model. The clinical isolates were meropenem-susceptible (MICs 1 to 4 mg/liter) and exhibited three distinct PFGE patterns. In all clinical isolates, population analysis yielded heterogeneously grown colonies. After seven subcultures in antibiotic-free media, resistant MIC levels were retained in two isolates (heteroresistant), while three isolates were reversed to susceptible MICs (persisters). Clinical isolates and heterogeneous subpopulations had similar growth rates. The heterogeneously grown A. baumannii subpopulations had reduced virulence, killing considerably fewer animals than the respective clinical isolates without treatment. The meropenem treatment outcome was similar in infections caused by the clinical and the heterogeneous isolates, irrespective to their MICs. In vitro meropenem exposure induces phenotypic heterogeneous growth in A. baumannii. Compared with the parental clinical isolates, the heterogeneously grown subpopulations exhibited lower virulence, killing fewer mice and responding equally to meropenem treatment, despite their higher MICs.
Wicks For Refrigerants In Heat Pipes (1988)

Ultra-high-molecular-weight material compatible with efficient heat-transfer fluids. New wick material for heat pipes first physically and chemically compatible with chlorofluoromethanes, chlorofluoroethanes, and ammonia. Allows one of these refrigerants to be used as working fluid in capillary-pump heat-pipe loop for cooling electronic equipment.
Midterm Results of the Salto Total Ankle Prosthesis (2004)

The Salto Total Ankle Prosthesis is noncemented with mobile bearings and is characterized by an anatomic design and a dual Ti-HA coating. Between 1997 and 2000, 98 consecutive Salto prostheses were implanted. At last followup, two patients were deceased, one patient was lost to followup, and two prostheses were removed in two patients. Ninety-three implants in 91 patients were available with a mean followup of 35 months (range, 24-68 months). Survivorship at 68 months, with the end point implant removal, then was 98% (favorable scenario) to 94.9% (unfavorable scenario). The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 32.3 points preoperatively and 83.1 points at followup. Seventy-two patients are pain-free, 54 patients walk unlimited distances, and 25 patients have limitation but walk more than 1 km. Sixty-seven patients have no limp but seven need walking aids. Fifty-eight patients can walk on tiptoes, 49 patients can walk on uneven ground, 14 patients can run, 76 patients ascend stairs normally, and 63 patients descend stairs normally. Range of motion as measured on stress radiographs improved from 15.2 degrees preoperatively to 28.3 degrees at followup. Preliminary results of the Salto prosthesis are encouraging and validate the concept of anatomic replacement.
Serialization sets (2009)

This paper proposes a new parallel execution model where programmers augment a sequential program with pieces of code called serializers that dynamically map computational operations into serialization sets of dependent operations. A runtime system executes operations in the same serialization set in program order, and may concurrently execute operations in different sets. Because serialization sets establish a logical ordering on all operations, the resulting parallel execution is predictable and deterministic.
<title>Photo induced refractive index changes in two-mode elliptical core fibers: Applications</title> (1992)

Photoinduced refractive-index gratings are shown to affect the differential phase modulation between the LP and LP11 modes copropagating within the core of a germanium-doped (Ge-doped) two-mode elliptical-core (e-core) fiber. The beat length of fibers containing such gratings is shown to vary as a function of strain applied to the fiber leading to a new type of weighted optical fiber sensor whose sensitivity varies as a function of length along the structure to which it is attached or embedded. This novel type of spatially-weighted distributed fiber sensor is shown experimentally to function as an efficient vibration mode filter by enhancing either the first or second mode of a thin cantilever beam. These results support future applications of spatially-weighted/distributed optical fiber sensors for the evaluation and control of vibrating structures. I.
Gas Chromatography−Multiplex Coherent Raman Spectroscopy (2003)

A new detector for gas chromatography has been developed that is based upon nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. The resulting hyphenated instrument uses a simple windowless cell as the interface between the chromatograph and the spectroscopic detector. The eluents are detected using a unique spectrometer equipped with a broadband OPO. This spectrometer is capable of generating high-resolution coherent Raman signals that are suitable for rapid multichannel detection.
A framework for the validation of processor architecture compliance (2007)

We present a framework for validating the compliance of a design with a given architecture. Our approach is centered on the concept of misinterpretations. These include missing behavior, wrong understanding of a behavior, or confusion with similar behavior described in the architecture or elsewhere. We formally capture the architecture behavior in the form of flowcharts and automatically derive a list of architecture misinterpretations from these flowcharts. These misinterpretations constitute the backbone of coverage models targeted by a suite of tests. The suite is automatically generated by a model-based test case generator. A compliance validation system based on these principles has been developed and used in two actual industrial processes of checking compliance with the PowerPC architecture.
Salmonella enteritidis agfBAC operon encoding thin, aggregative fimbriae (1996)

Salmonella enteritidis produces thin, aggregative fimbriae, named SEF17, which are composed of polymerized AgfA fimbrin proteins. DNA sequence analysis of a 2-kb region of S. enteritidis DNA revealed three contiguous genes, agfBAC. The 453-bp agfA gene encodes the AgfA fimbrin, which was predicted to be 74% identical and 86% similar in primary sequence to the Escherichia coli curli structural protein, CsgA. pHAG, a pUC18 derivative containing a 3.0-kb HindIII fragment encoding agfBAC, directed the in vitro expression of the major AgfA fimbrin, with an M(r) of 17,000, and a minor AgfB protein, with an M(r) of 16,000, encoded by the 453-bp agfB gene. AgfA was not expressed from pDAG, a pUC18 derivative containing a 3.1-kb DraI DNA fragment encoding agfA but not agfB. Primer extension analysis identified two adjacent transcription start sites located immediately upstream of agfB in positions analogous to those of the E. coli curlin csgBA operon. No transcription start sites were located immediately upstream of agfA or agfC. Northern (RNA) blot analysis confirmed that transcription of agfA was initiated from the agfB promoter region. Secondary-structure analysis of the putative mRNA transcript for agfBAC predicted the formation of a stem-loop structure (delta Gzero, -22 kcal/mol [-91 kJ/mol]) in the intercistronic region between agfA and agfC, which may be involved in stabilization of the agfBA portion of the agfBAC transcript. agfBAC and flanking regions had a high degree of sequence similarity with those counterparts of the E. coli curlin csgBA region for which sequence data are available. These data are demonstrative of the high degree of similarity between S. enteritidis SEF17 fimbriae and E. coli curli with respect to fimbrin amino acid sequence and genetic organization and, therefore, are indicative of a common and relatively recent ancestry.