gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering of Escherichia colil-serine O-acetyltransferase on the basis of crystal structure: desensitization to feedback inhibition by l-cysteine (2006)

L-Serine O-acetyltransferase (SAT) from Escherichia coli catalyzes the first step of L-cysteine synthesis in E.coli and is strictly inhibited by the second step product, L-cysteine. To establish a fermentation process to produce L-cysteine, we embarked on a mutational study of E.coli SAT to desensitize the feedback inhibition by L-cysteine. The crystal structure and the reaction mechanism of SAT from E.coli have shown that the substrate L-serine and the inhibitor L-cysteine bind to the identical region in the SAT protein. To decrease the affinity for only L-cysteine, we first built the structure model of L-serine-binding SAT on the basis of the crystal structure with bound L-cysteine and compared these two structures. The comparison showed that the Calpha of Asp92 underwent a substantial positional change upon the replacement of L-cysteine by L-serine. We then introduced various amino acid substitutions at positions 89-96 around Asp92 by randomized, fragment-directed mutagenesis to change the position of the Asp92. As a result, we successfully obtained mutant SATs which have both extreme insensitivity to an inhibition by L-cysteine (the concentration that inhibits 50% activity; IC(50) = 1,100 micromol/l, the inhibition constant; K(i) = 950.0 micromol/l) and extremely high emzymatic activities.
Live Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Administered Parenterally (1978)

SummaryA unique live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine that is administered parenterally is described. Nineteen of 22 initially seronegative children, 7-32 months of age, developed homologous circulating neutralizing antibody against the virus and a portion were shown to have present demonstrable antibody in their nasal secretions. None of the children developed illness that could be ascribed to the vaccine, and there was no evident contagious spread of the vaccine virus to susceptible contacts. The vaccine is of considerable promise and trials to determine protective efficacy are being pursued. Seroepidemiologic investigations revealed that only 33 of 66 children 6-48 months of age and residing in an open population had detectable circulating neutralizing antibody against the virus.
Phase Modulation Varies Average Acoustic Torque (1983)

Rotation of acoustically levitated objects controlled. Phase difference alternated between +90 degrees and -90 degrees. If system is at positive phase difference during greater portion of modulation cycle than at negative phase difference (or vice versa), there is nonzero time-averaged acoustic torque.
CDNA cloning of p112, the largest regulatory subunit of the human 26s proteasome, and functional analysis of its yeast homologue, sen3p. (1996)

The 26S proteasome is a large multisubunit protease complex, the largest regulatory subunit of which is a component named p112. Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding human p112 revealed a polypeptide predicted to have 953 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 105,865. The human p112 gene was mapped to the q37.1-q37.2 region of chromosome 2. Computer analysis showed that p112 has strong similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sen3p, which has been listed in a gene bank as a factor affecting tRNA splicing endonuclease. The SEN3 also was identified in a synthetic lethal screen with the nin1-1 mutant, a temperature-sensitive mutant of NIN1. NIN1 encodes p31, another regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome, which is necessary for activation of Cdc28p kinase. Disruption of the SEN3 did not affect cell viability, but led to temperature-sensitive growth. The human p112 cDNA suppressed the growth defect at high temperature in a SEN3 disruptant, indicating that p112 is a functional homologue of the yeast Sen3p. Maintenance of SEN3 disruptant cells at the restrictive temperature resulted in a variety of cellular dysfunctions, including defects in proteolysis mediated by the ubiquitin pathway, in the N-end rule system, in the stress response upon cadmium exposure, and in nuclear protein transportation. The functional abnormality induced by SEN3 disruption differs considerably from various phenotypes shown by the nin1-1 mutation, suggesting that these two regulatory subunits of the 26S proteasome play distinct roles in the various processes mediated by the 26S proteasome.
Semantic Representation of Data Science Programs (2018)

Your computer is continuously executing programs, but does it really understand them? Not in any meaningful sense. That burden falls upon human knowledge workers, who are increasingly asked to write and understand code. They would benefit greatly from intelligent tools that reveal the connections between their code and its subject matter. Towards this prospect, we present an AI system that forms semantic representations of computer programs, using techniques from knowledge representation and program analysis. These representations are created through a novel algorithm for the semantic enrichment of dataflow graphs. We illustrate its workings with examples from the field of data science. The algorithm is undergirded by a new ontology language for modeling computer programs and a new ontology about data science, written in this language.
Compact single and dual band zero-degree metamaterial N-way radial power combiner/divider (2008)

This paper introduces different types of N-way metamaterial radial power combiners/dividers. The metamaterial properties permit significant size reduction over a conventional N-way radial power combiner/divider. Metamaterial “MTM Technologies™” allow designing transmission lines with an electrical length of zero degree. The first design presented in this paper uses a 0° MTM line that reduces the size to one third of the conventional N-way radial divider. This size reduction improves overall performance by injecting fewer losses into the system and increasing the bandwidth of the radial power combiner/divider. Dual-band properties of Metamaterial are exploited in a second approach to design a dual-band MTM N-way power combiner/divider. In this second case MTM lines have a zero degree phase at a chosen frequency and 180° phase at a second chosen frequency which is not a multiple of the first one. This dual-band radial power combiner/divider is smaller than a conventional 180° single band radial power combiner/divider. Simulation and measurement data is presented in this paper for these different devices.
Eigenbeamforming with selection diversity for MIMO-OFDM downlink (2005)

Eigenbeamforming is shown to be effective over a spatially correlated fading channel. In conjunction with the short-term selection of eigenmodes, it can also provide good transmit diversity gain with a smaller amount of feedback. In this paper, we investigate the use of eigenbeamforming with short-term selection for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We derive exact and asymptotic expressions of the average bit error rate (BER) for a spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channel. Especially. the asymptotic expression allows us to gain insight into eigenbeamforming.
Vasculogenic Conditioning of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Promotes Endothelial Progenitor Cell Expansion and Phenotype Transition of Anti‐Inflammatory Macrophage and T Lymphocyte to Cells With Regenerative Potential (2014)

irb.med.u-tokai.ac.jp/d/2/monthly/2010.html; IRB No.: 10R-020.URL: irb.med.u-tokai.ac.jp/d/2/monthly/201312.html; IRB No.: 13R228.
Development and application of silicon semiconductor gamma-ray detector for nuclear power plants. (1990)

A semiconductor γ-ray detector using high resistivity P-type silicon crystals has been developed for nuclear power plants. Since the operating temperature requirement is high (≤60°C) in these plants, the electrical thermal noise of the detector element due to the reverse current has to be decreased. The reverse current of the silicon diffused p-n junction fabricated by a planar process was evaluated and satisfactory results were obtained.The detector elements were applied to a γ-ray area monitor and also to a personal dosimeter with an IC card, as a means for reducing manpower requirements in radiation control work. Performance tests were carried out in a nuclear power plant and the practicality of these applications was confirmed.
Intravenous immune globulin suppresses angiogenesis in mice and humans (2016)

Human intravenous immune globulin (IVIg), a purified IgG fraction composed of ~ 60% IgG1 and obtained from the pooled plasma of thousands of donors, is clinically used for a wide range of diseases. The biological actions of IVIg are incompletely understood and have been attributed both to the polyclonal antibodies therein and also to their IgG (IgG) Fc regions. Recently, we demonstrated that multiple therapeutic human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner via FcγRI, a high-affinity receptor for IgG1. Here we show that IVIg possesses similar anti-angiogenic activity and inhibited blood vessel growth in five different mouse models of prevalent human diseases, namely, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, corneal neovascularization, colorectal cancer, fibrosarcoma and peripheral arterial ischemic disease. Angioinhibition was mediated by the Fc region of IVIg, required FcγRI and had similar potency in transgenic mice expressing human FcγRs. Finally, IVIg therapy administered to humans for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases reduced kidney and muscle blood vessel densities. These data place IVIg, an agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, as a novel angioinhibitory drug in doses that are currently administered in the clinical setting. In addition, they raise the possibility of an unintended effect of IVIg on blood vessels.
Implementation of control center based voltage and var optimization in distribution management system (2010)

This paper presents the implementation of an online voltage and var optimization (WO) application that runs at the control center for distribution systems. The innovative WO application combines state of the art optimization technology with detailed and accurate modeling of distribution systems. The multi-phase, unbalanced system model can have radial or meshed circuits, single or multiple sources, wye and/or delta connected transformers, grounded or ungrounded, voltage dependent load models, ganged or un-ganged controls of capacitor banks and voltage regulators. This application is capable of optimizing large and complex networks with online application speed. It is designed for smart grid application to optimize distribution energy delivery efficiency by minimizing the energy loss and manage system demand.
Inhibition of rate of tumor growth by creatine and cyclocreatine. (1993)

Growth rate inhibition of subcutaneously implanted tumors results from feeding rats and athymic nude mice diets containing 1% cyclocreatine or 1%, 2%, 5%, or 10% creatine. The tumors studied included rat mammary tumors (Ac33tc in Lewis female rats and 13762A in Fischer 344 female rats), rat sarcoma MCI in Lewis male rats, and tumors resulting from the injection of two human neuroblastoma cell lines, IMR-5 and CHP-134, in athymic nude mice. Inhibition was observed regardless of the time experimental diets were administered, either at the time of tumor implantation or after the appearance of palpable tumors. For mammary tumor Ac33tc, the growth inhibition during 24 days after the implantation was approximately 50% for both 1% cyclocreatine and 1% creatine, and inhibition increased as creatine was increased from 2% to 10% of the diet. For the other rat mammary tumor (13762A), there was approximately 35% inhibition by both 1% cyclocreatine and 2% creatine. In the case of the MCI sarcoma, the inhibitory effect appeared more pronounced at earlier periods of growth, ranging from 26% to 41% for 1% cyclocreatine and from 30% to 53% for 1% creatine; there was no significant difference in growth rate between the tumors in the rats fed 1% and 5% creatine. The growth rate of tumors in athymic nude mice, produced by implantation of the human neuroblastoma IMR-5 cell line, appeared somewhat more effectively inhibited by 1% cyclocreatine than by 1% creatine, and 5% creatine feeding was most effective. For the CHP-134 cell line, 33% inhibition was observed for the 1% cyclocreatine diet and 71% for the 5% creatine diet. In several experiments, a delay in appearance of tumors was observed in animals on the experimental diets. In occasional experiments, neither additive inhibited tumor growth rate for the rat tumors or the athymic mouse tumors.
Improvement of the Output Characteristics of a Relativistic Magnetron using a Small Diameter Cathode Surrounded by a Transparent Cathode (2006)

Conventional magnetrons in which cathodes with thermionic and/or secondary electron emission are used operate poorly when the ratio of the anode-to-cathode radius is large. This transparent cathode leads to a significant improvement in the output parameters of the magnetron (efficiency and radiation power) for an appropriate selection of the radius R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">strip</sub> of the transparent cathode, in addition to providing faster start of oscillations than the techniques of cathode (Jones et al., 2004) and magnetic (Jones et al., 2004) priming alone
A TIMING ANALYSIS OF LEVEL-CLOCKED CIRCUITRY (1990)

This paper presents an algorithm for verifying proper timing in VLSI circuits where latches are controlled by the levels (high or low) of the controlling clocks rather than the transitions (edges) of the clocks. Such level-clocked circuits are frequently used in MOS VLSI design. A level-clocked circuit is modeled as a graph G = (V, E), where V consists of components-latches and functional elements-and E represents intercomponent connections. The algorithm verifies the proper timing of a circuit in worst-case O(V/E) time and O(V + E) space. Our analysis decouples the problem of generating timing constraints from the problem of efficiently checking them. We show how various base step functions can be used to provide sufficient conditions for a circuit to operate properly, and we provide a new base step function which is less pessimistic than those used in previous timing verifiers, yet correctly handles timing constraints that are cyclic or extend across the boundaries of multiple clock phases or cycles. The base step function is used to derive a computational expansion of the circuit from which a collection of simple linear constraints are derived. These constraints can be efficiently checked using standard graph algorithms. VLSI systems, Level-clocking, Timing constraints, Timing analysis, Timing verification, Computational expansions, Delta-constraints, Formal modeling, Graph algorithm applications, Algorithmic techniques.
Abstract 11099: Transcriptome Profiling of Surgical Myectomy Tissue from Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Reveals Marked Overexpression of ACE2 (2012)

Introduction. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in the young, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to...
High Frequency SAO for scalable extension of HEVC (2013)

Scalable extension of HEVC, a.k.a. SHVC, is being standardized by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC). SHVC employs one of the most important coding tools called interlayer prediction, in which. Reconstructed base layer pictures can be used as reference pictures to predict enhancement layer pictures. Therefore, how to efficiently generate interlayer reference pictures to improve coding efficiency is one of the core research topics for the new international standard. In this paper, we presented High Frequency SAO filter (HF-SAO), which extends Sample Adaptive Offset filter (SAO) in HEVC to SHVC. Experimental results based on SHVC reference software version 1.0 show that HFSAO achieves 1.2% (Luma), 1.4% (Cb), 1.4% (Cr) average BD-rate reduction for the enhancement layer coding, which makes itself one of the most promising candidate interlayer filters to the new generation of scalable video coding standard.
Metamaterial-based transmitarray for orthogonal-beam-space massive-MIMO (2016)

This article presents a distributed time-delay transmitarray for realization of orthogonal-beam-space (OBS) Multi-user MIMO (Mu-MIMO) antenna concept. The proposed planar transmitarray is capable of producing multiple narrow beams by using a large number of sub-wavelength metamaterial-based true-time-delay units. Currently known methods in this area [1-4] are limited to arrays with relatively small total time-delay variations, which result in a lens antenna with large F/D. The proposed method allows much larger time-delay variations and therefore capable of producing transmitarray with smaller F/D and broader frequency bandwidth.
Theory and design of disposable clinical blood viscometer1 (1988)

A disposable clinical whole blood viscometer which can produce viscosity measures over a wide range of shear rates in a single rapid determination has been developed and is currently under test. The design is based upon the time varying flow of blood through a capillary. The flow is driven by the pressure in a fixed volume air chamber and transmitted to the sample through a compliant membrane. The time varying pressure in the air chamber is measured by a suitable transducer. The instantaneous shear stress of the blood in the capillary is proportional to the air pressure, while the instantaneous shear rate is proportional to the pressure-time derivative. Proper design ensures that the system operates as a first order dynamic system with flow resistance entirely determined by the nonlinear sample viscosity. By constructing the air chamber in two parts coupled by a quick disconnect fitting the design can allow for the blood-containing part of the instrument to be discarded, eliminating handling and cleaning of blood contacted components. The entire determination is completed in less than a minute, so that anticoagulants are not necessary. Tests on a prototype show that the instrument gives results in excellent agreement with those obtained on a cone-plate rheogoniometer.
Frequency, radiation pattern and polarization reconfigurable antenna using a parasitic pixel layer (2014)

This communication presents a reconfigurable antenna capable of independently reconfiguring the operating frequency, radiation pattern and polarization. A switched grid of small metallic patches, known as pixel surface, is used as a parasitic layer to provide reconfiguration capabilities to existing antennas acting as driven element. The parasitic pixel layer presents advantages such as low profile, integrability and cost-effective fabrication. A fully operational prototype has been designed, fabricated and its compound reconfiguration capabilities have been characterized. The prototype combines a patch antenna and a parasitic pixel surface consisting of 6 x 6 pixels, with an overall size of 0.6 lambda x 0.6 lambda and 60 PIN-diode switches. The antenna simultaneously tunes its operation frequency over a 25% frequency range, steers the radiation beam over +/- 30 degrees in E and H-planes, and switches between four different polarizations ((x) over cap, (y) over cap, LHCP, RHCP). The average antenna gain among the different parameter combinations is 4 dB, reaching 6-7 dB for the most advantageous combinations. The distance between the driven and the parasitic layers determines the tradeoff between frequency tuning range (12% to 25%) and radiation efficiency (45% to 55%).
APEX (2002)

The emergence of the Web has increased interests in XML data. XML query languages such as XQuery and XPath use label paths to traverse the irregularly structured data. Without a structural summary and efficient indexes, query processing can be quite inefficient due to an exhaustive traversal on XML data. To overcome the inefficiency, several path indexes have been proposed in the research community. Traditional indexes generally record all label paths from the root element in XML data. Such path indexes may result in performance degradation due to large sizes and exhaustive navigations for partial matching path queries start with the self-or-descendent axis("//").In this paper, we propose APEX, an adaptive path index for XML data. APEX does not keep all paths starting from the root and utilizes frequently used paths to improve the query performance. APEX also has a nice property that it can be updated incrementally according to the changes of query workloads. Experimental results with synthetic and real-life data sets clearly confirm that APEX improves query processing cost typically 2 to 54 times better than the existing indexes, with the performance gap increasing with the irregularity of XML data.
Watermark encoding and detection using narrowband illumination (2009)

We present a watermark encoding and detection method by which colorant combinations and narrowband light sources are selected to optimally differentiate between colorant combinations that produce the same visual color under wideband illumination. Thus colors that look the same under white light can reveal additional information (e.g. watermarks) under special narrowband illumination. These different colorant combinations produce metameric matches; that is, colors that are spectrally different but that integrate to the same color for a human observer under a particular light source. The metameric colorant combinations and narrowband illumination can be jointly selected to allow sufficient or maximal discrimination under the potential narrowband illuminants. Alternately, for a given colorant combination that achieves sufficiently similar appearance under wideband illumination, narrowband illumination such as LEDs (singly or in combination) can be optimally selected to reveal colorant differences.
A constrained adaptive scan order approach to transform coefficient entropy coding (2017)

Transform coefficient coding is a key module in modern video compression systems. Typically, a block of the quantized coefficients are processed in a pre-defined zig-zag order, starting from DC and sweeping through low frequency positions to high frequency ones. Correlation between magnitudes of adjacent coefficients is exploited via context based probability models to improve compression efficiency. Such scheme is premised on the assumption that spatial transforms compact energy towards lower frequency coefficients, and the scan pattern that follows a descending order of the likelihood of coefficients being non-zero provides more accurate probability modeling. However, a pre-defined zig-zag pattern that is agnostic to signal statistics may not be optimal. This work proposes an adaptive approach to generate scan pattern dynamically. Unlike prior attempts that directly sort a 2-D array of coefficient positions according to the appearance frequency of non-zero levels only, the proposed scheme employs a topological sort that also fully accounts for the spatial constraints due to the context dependency in entropy coding. A streamlined framework is designed for processing both intra and inter prediction residuals. This generic approach is experimentally shown to provide consistent coding performance gains across a wide range of test settings.