gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved synthesis of 3,6‐diamino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine. II. From triaminoguanidine and 2,4‐pentanedione (1991)

Abstract A new synthesis for the title compound that gives an 80% overall yield was developed. Treatment of triaminoguanidine monohydrochloride ( 1 ) with 2,4‐pentanedione ( 2 ) gave 3,6‐bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1,2‐dihydro‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine ( 3 ) in 80–85% yield. Oxidation of 3 with nitric oxide or nitrogen dioxide to 3,6‐bis(3,5‐dimethyylpyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine ( 4 ) followed by ammonolysis of 4 gave 3,6‐diamino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine ( 5 ) in guantitatively yields.
CyBorg: a novel packet-aware transport architecture (2005)

The rapid growth of data applications is forcing service providers to seek efficient means of carrying packet data over their legacy SONET/SDH networks, designed for circuit-switched voice traffic. This problem is exacerbated by the increased deployment of new Ethernet-based VPN services over their metro networks. To support Ethernet traffic, two packet-aware SONET/SDH transport architectures have been proposed-Ethernet-over-SONET/SDH (EoS) and packet-rings (PR). In this paper, we argue that both architectures make inherent tradeoffs that limit the volume of data traffic that may be supported. Instead, we propose a hybrid architecture called CyBorg that makes selective use of EoS pipes in conjunction with a PR capability. We formulate and propose a solution to the setup failure re-arrangement problem that dynamically creates EoS pipes to supplement the existing PR if the system fails to satisfy incoming demands. We show through extensive simulations that by doing so, this novel architecture not only enables higher data traffic loads but achieves it with lower data switching capacity. We believe that this hybrid architecture and the efficiency it provides, makes for a cost-effective solution for the dilemma facing service providers.
A frequency relaxation approach for analog/RF system-level simulation (2004)

The increasing complexity of today's mixed-signal integrated circuits necessitates both top-down and bottom-up system-level verification. Time-domain state-space modeling and simulation approaches have been successfully applied for such purposes (e.g. Simulink); however, analog circuits are often best analyzed in the frequency domain. Circuit-level analyses, such as harmonic balance, have been successfully extended to the frequency domain [2], but these algorithms are impractical for simulating large systems with wide-band input and noise signals. In this paper we proposed a frequency-domain approach for analog/RF system-level simulation that is capable of capturing various second order effects (e.g. nonlinearity, noise, etc.) for both time-invariant and time-varying systems with wide-band inputs. The simulator directly evaluates the frequency domain response at each node via a relaxation scheme that is proven to be convergent under typical circuit conditions. Our experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed simulator under various wide-band input and noise excitations.
Looking at single photons using hybrid detectors (2015)

The SLS detector group develops silicon hybrid detectors for X-ray applications used in synchrotron facilities all over the world. Both microstrip and pixel detectors with either single photon counting or charge integrating read out are being developed.<br /> Low noise charge integrating detectors can be operated in single photon regime, i.e. with low fluxes and high frame rates in order to detect on average less than one photon per cluster of 2×2 pixels. In this case, the analog signal read out for each single X-ray provides information about the energy of the photon. Moreover the signal from neighboring channels can be correlated in order to overcome or even take advantage of charge sharing.<br /> The linear charge collection model describing microstrip detectors and large pixels is unsuitable for the calibration of small pitch pixel detectors due to the large amount of charge sharing occurring also in the corner region.<br /> For this reason, the linear charge collection model is extended to the case of small pixels and tested with monochromatic X-ray data acquired using the 25 <em>μ</em>m pitch MÖNCH and the 75 <em>μ</em>m pitch JUNGFRAU detectors.<br /> The successful outcome of the calibration of the MÖNCH detector is proven by the high energy resolution of the spectrum obtained by accumulating the counts from more than 6000 channels after the correction of the gain mismatches using the proposed model.
Highly potent VEGF-A-antagonistic DARPins as anti-angiogenic agents for topical and intravitreal applications (2012)

The next-generation ophthalmic anti-VEGF therapeutics must aim at being superior to the currently available agents with regard to potency and improved drug delivery, while still being stable and safe to use at elevated concentrations. We show here the generation of a set of highly potent VEGF-A antagonistic DARPins (designed ankyrin repeat proteins) delivering these properties. DARPins with single-digit picomolar affinity to human VEGF-A were generated using ribosome display selections. Specific and potent human VEGF-A binding was confirmed by ELISA and endothelial cell sprouting assays. Cross-reactivity with VEGF-A of several species was confirmed by ELISA. Intravitreally injected DARPin penetrated into the retina and reduced fluorescein extravasation in a rabbit model of vascular leakage. In addition, topical DARPin application was found to diminish corneal neovascularization in a rabbit suture model, and to suppress laser-induced neovascularization in a rat model. Even at elevated doses, DARPins were safe to use. The fact that several DARPins are highly active in various assays illustrates the favorable class behavior of the selected binders. Anti-VEGF-A DARPins thus represent a novel class of highly potent and specific drug candidates for the treatment of neovascular eye diseases in both the posterior and the anterior eye chamber.
Growth of Potassium Titanate Fibers in Flowing N <sub>2</sub> Gas (1985)

The length of potassium titanate fibers produced by several conventional methods averages 50 μm, with a maximum of 100 μm. Extremely long fibers (most >1000 μm long) were obtained by calcination in N 2 gas flowing at 5.2×10 ‐4 m/s.
Effect of Raw Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as Sand Replacement on the Fiber-Bridging Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites (2021)

The use of raw sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as sand replacement in the production of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) can improve its cost-effectiveness and practicality. A recent study by the authors showed that the use of raw SCBA as a replacement to sand in ECC mixtures substantially enhances the tensile ductility and provides mild improvements in tensile strength; however, it also indicated a need to further elucidate the mechanisms producing such improvements. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of raw SCBA as a sand replacement in ECC’s fundamental fiber-bridging relationship, [Formula: see text], through single crack tensile test (SCTT) using 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber volume fraction. The PVA fiber volume fraction was reduced from 1.5% in the previous study to 1% in this study to ensure that a single crack was produced, which is a necessary condition to obtain the fundamental [Formula: see text] relationship. A total of five mixtures were evaluated at different replacement levels of sand with raw SCBA (i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). SCTT results revealed that raw SCBA produced minor effects on the fiber-bridging capacity but significantly increased the complementary energy ( [Formula: see text]). A positive correlation was observed between the pseudo strain-hardening (PSH) strength index and raw SCBA content. Since the PSH strength index was higher than the recommended value (i.e., 1.3) for robust PSH behavior, it was concluded that the main factor contributing to tensile ductility enhancements was the increase in the PSH energy index resulting from the notable increase of [Formula: see text] and potential decrease in matrix fracture toughness.
Effects of forage provision to young calves on rumen fermentation and development of the gastrointestinal tract (2013)

Fifteen Holstein male calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments according to age and body weight (BW) to determine the effects of feeding different forages sources on rumen fermentation and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development. Treatments consisted of a starter (20% crude protein, 21% neutral detergent fiber) fed alone (CON) or supplemented with alfalfa (AH) or with oat hay (OH). All calves received 2L of milk replacer (MR) at 12.5% dry matter twice daily until 49 d of age. Calves received 2L of the same MR from 50 to 56 d of age and were weaned at 57 d of age. Individual starter, forage, and MR intakes were recorded daily and BW was recorded weekly. A rumen sample was taken weekly to determine rumen pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations. Three weeks after weaning, animals were harvested and each anatomical part of the GIT was separated and weighed with and without contents. Rumen pH was lower in CON than in OH and AH calves. Furthermore, acetate proportion in the rumen liquid tended to be greater in AH than in CON and OH treatments. Total GIT weight, expressed as a percentage of BW, tended to be greater in AH compared with the other 2 treatments. Rumen tissue tended to weigh more in CON than in OH animals. Animals with access to forage tended to have a greater expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 than CON calves. In conclusion, calves supplemented with oat hay have a better rumen environment than calves offered no forage and do not have an increased gut fill.
Wheat Flour Protein Concentrate Characterization by Biochemical, Physicochemical and Baking Tests (1995)

ABSTRACT Protein concentrates before and after defatting from hard and soft wheat flours by water and 1% NaCl solution were characterized by lipid, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation, solubility, and breadmaking. Sedimentation values were higher for hard wheat flours than for soft, and in both about three times higher than in separated glutens. Solubility of proteins in SDS was reduced from ∼23 to 31% in flours to ∼3 to 19% in gluten concentrates. Defatting did not affect electrophoretic patterns but indicated lowered protein extractability. Gliadins and HMW glutenins were lower in extracts of separated glutens than in the extracts of doughs. Protein concentrates from fractionation with 1% salt solution, differed widely from those separated with water. This especially affected water absorption, dough development, and baking performance.
Flat detector with integrated dose sensing (2003)

Integrated dose sensing in Flat Detectors allows a during pulse control of the X-ray illumination without the need for external dose sensing devices. Standard designs of Flat Detectors do not allow during pulse dose sensing since the information is collected from the pixels only in the read-out phase after the X-ray illumination. This paper introduces a special detector plate design for obtaining dose sensing information directly from the X-ray detector while the X-ray pulse is being applied. This dose sensing information is read at a lower spatial resolution than the actual X-ray image but with a sub-millisecond temporal resolution. The dose sensing operates without any additional radiation burden on the patient and without attenuation of the image information. Experimental results from a small area (4x4 cm<sup>2</sup>) detector are presented, including an analysis of noise, linearity and cross-talk.
Wireless OFDM systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas with bit-interleaved coded modulation (2006)

It has recently been shown that the capacity for multi-antenna dispersive radio channels is considerably higher than single receive and transmit antenna systems. In this article we demonstrate that high data rates can be achieved at low power levels for systems where the number of transmit antennas is typically larger than the number of receive antennas. We use bitinterleaved coded modulation, iterative decoding, and OFDM system building blocks for a flexible class of space-time coding systems where it is easy to change convolutional code rate, constellation size, and the number of transmit and receive antennas for designing systems with a wide range of capabilities. The coding is typically done in the time, frequency, and space domains. The gain can be used for either high data rates and/or lower power levels. Applications can be found in future wireless LANs and/or B3G and 4G wireless cellular systems.
Transcriptomic investigation reveals donor-specific gene signatures in human lung transplants (2020)

The examination of gene expression profiling indicates that DBD and DCD lungs have distinguishable biological transcriptome signatures.
Performance evaluation of slot assignment methods in flexible grid optical networks (2012)

We evaluate contiguous, discrete and hybrid slot assignment methods under both quasi-static and dynamic traffic conditions. We show the tradeoff among these methods in terms of network performance and system complexity.
A comparative study of phase-shift, frequency, and hybrid control of the series resonant converter supplying the electric vehicle inductive charging interface (1999)

The electric vehicle inductive coupling battery charging interface can be driven from a variety of power converters of which the frequency-controlled series-resonant converter has been demonstrated to have many desirable features. In this paper, the series-load and the Class D, or parallel-load, phase-controlled resonant power converters are also investigated and are shown to be viable options for electric vehicle battery charging. A novel simple, yet accurate, analytical approach yields a single generic solution for the entire family of converters. This analysis is used to highlight important characteristics of resonant power converters in the inductive charging application and to compare the topologies on a unified basis. The analytical results are verified experimentally.
19.2: Color Filter Formulations for Full‐Color OLED Displays: High Color Gamut Plus Improved Efficiency and Lifetime (2007)

Abstract This paper describes Eastman Kodak Company's new color filter formulations for use in White OLED displays. The new filters deliver a substantially higher color gamut compared with commercially available LCD filters at nominal thickness, and substantially higher efficiency and lifetimes, when compared with thickened versions of the same LCD filters.
Wireless earthquake alarm design based on MEMS accelerometer (2011)

Large magnitude earthquakes may cause significant losses of life and property. Designing an earthquake alarm to detect the magnitude of the quake and give an alarm. A method is described in the present disclosure which includes detecting a longitudinal wave of a seismic movement by an accelerometer. Determining whether a magnitude of the longitudinal wave exceeds a predetermined threshold, and wirelessly transmitting an alarm notification indicating seismic movement to at least one alarm device. If making many alarm devices, they can form a network and communicate each other.
Design and Synthesis of 8-Hydroxy-[1,6]Naphthyridines as Novel Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase in Vitro and in Infected Cells (2003)

Naphthyridine 7 inhibits the strand transfer of the integration process catalyzed by integrase with an IC50 of 10 nM and inhibits 95% of the spread of HIV-1 infection in cell culture at 0.39 microM. It does not exhibit cytotoxicity in cell culture at < or =12.5 microM and shows a good pharmacokinetic profile when dosed orally to rats. The antiviral activity of 7 and its effect on integration were confirmed using viruses with specific integrase mutations.
On-line unsupervised outlier detection using finite mixtures with discounting learning algorithms (2000)

Outlier detection is a fundamental issue in data mining, specifically in fraud detection, network intrusion detection, network monitoring, etc. SmartSifter is an outlier detection engine addressing this problem from the viewpoint of statistical learning theory. This paper provides a theoretical basis for SmartSifter and empirically demonstrates its effectiveness. SmartSifter detects outliers in an on-line process through the on-line unsupervised learning of a probabilistic model (using a finite mixture model) of the information source. Each time a datum is input SmartSifter employs an on-line discounting learning algorithm to learn the probabilistic model. A score is given to the datum based on the learned model with a high score indicating a high possibility of being a statistical outlier. The novel features of SmartSifter are: (1) it is adaptive to non-stationary sources of data; (2) a score has a clear statistical/information-theoretic meaning; (3) it is computationally inexpensive; and (4) it can handle both categorical and continuous variables. An experimental application to network intrusion detection shows that SmartSifter was able to identify data with high scores that corresponded to attacks, with low computational costs. Further experimental application has identified a number of meaningful rare cases in actual health insurance pathology data from Australia's Health Insurance Commission.
A facile synthesis of bestatin. (1983)

Bestatin, an immunomodulator useful in cancer treatment with the structure: N-[(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]-L-leucine, has been synthesized from N-acyl-alpha-aminoacetophenone. This novel method using readily available reagents and mild conditions can be applied to a large scale production of this useful agent. The overall yield of bestatin was 10.5% from N-acetyl-alpha-aminoacetophenone and 7.8% from N-benzoyl-alpha-aminoacetophenone.
Movable Cameras And Monitors For Viewing Telemanipulator (1993)

Three methods proposed to assist operator viewing telemanipulator on video monitor in control station when video image generated by movable video camera in remote workspace of telemanipulator. Monitors rotated or shifted and/or images in them transformed to adjust coordinate systems of scenes visible to operator according to motions of cameras and/or operator's preferences. Reduces operator's workload and probability of error by obviating need for mental transformations of coordinates during operation. Methods applied in outer space, undersea, in nuclear industry, in surgery, in entertainment, and in manufacturing.
Saliva-Based Molecular Testing for SARS-CoV-2 that Bypasses RNA Extraction (2020)

Abstract Convenient, repeatable, large-scale molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2 would be a key weapon to help control the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, standard SARS-CoV-2 testing protocols are invasive and rely on numerous items that can be subject to supply chain bottlenecks, and as such are not suitable for frequent repeat testing. Specifically, personal protective equipment (PPE), nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, the associated viral transport media (VTM), and kits for RNA isolation and purification have all been in short supply at various times during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 is spread through droplets and aerosols transmitted through person-to-person contact, and thus saliva may be a relevant medium for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection status. Here we describe a saliva-based testing method that bypasses the need for RNA isolation/purification. In experiments with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus spiked into saliva, this method has a limit of detection of 500-1000 viral particles per mL, rivalling the standard NP swab method, and initial studies also show excellent performance with 100 clinical samples. This saliva-based process is operationally simple, utilizes readily available materials, and can be easily implemented by existing testing sites, thus allowing for high-throughput, rapid, and repeat testing of large populations. Graphical Abstract
Research paper Generation of polyclonal antiserum for the detection of methylarginine proteins (2007)

This report describes an approach for the study of the biology of methylarginine proteins based on the generation of immunological reagents capable of recognizing the methylarginine status of cellular proteins. Two forms of an immunizing peptide were prepared based upon an amino acid sequence motif found most prevalently among verified dimethylarginine-containing proteins. One form of the peptide was constructed with 7 arginine residues alternating with 8 glycine residues. None of the arginines used in the synthesis were methylated. The alternative form of the peptide was synthesized with the identical repeating GRG sequence, but with asymmetrical dimethylarginine at each arginine residue. A methylarginine-specific antiserum was generated using the latter peptide. ELISA and western blotting of glycine arginine-rich peptides, each synthesized with or without asymmetric dimethylarginine, demonstrate the methyl specificity of the antiserum. The methylarginine-specific antibody co-localizes with the highly methylated native nucleolin protein conspicuously concentrated in the nucleolus. The methylarginine-specific antiserum recognizes a GRG peptide and bacterially expressed RBP16 only after incubation of the peptide or RBP16 with recombinant protein arginine methyltransferase 1, or cell extracts, respectively. Proteins isolated from cells in different developmental states exhibit different patterns of reactivity observed by western blots. Finally, the methylarginine-specific reagent interacts specifically with the methylarginine of cellular hnRNPA1 and human fragile X mental retardation protein expressed in cultured PC12 cells. An immunological reagent capable of detecting the methylarginine status of cellular methylproteins will facilitate the cellular and molecular analysis of protein arginine methylation in a wide variety of research and biomedical applications. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide I Two‐Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy of Proteins (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
USE OF EXTRACTS PREPARED WITH LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR DRY HOPS (1981)

Liquid carbon dioxide hop extracts were prepared for use as a substitute for dry hops. Many of these extracts were oil rich fractions containing up to 14% (w/w) hop oil. Extracts of Styrian Golding, Wye Target and Wye Northdown hops were used to treat ales prior to completion of beer processing and subsequent packaging. Emulsion/suspension systems were developed as carriers to facilitate addition of these extracts to beers before the chilling process. A loss of hop character from beer was found to occur during fining and filtration. Beers, treated with the extracts, exhibited natural though varietally distinct dry hop character. Production scale trials using these extracts have been successfully carried out to dry hop a brewery conditioned draught bitter and to match a traditionally dry hopped premium pale ale. The quantities of extract used indicated that economies in hop usage can be achieved when substituting liquid carbon dioxide hop extracts for dry hops.