gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Etonitazene and Related Benzimidazoles (2021)

Etonitazene and related 2-benzylbenzimidazoles are potent analgetics invented in the research laboratories of the Swiss pharmaceutical giant CIBA in the late 1950s. Though the unprecedented structure distinguishes this class of compounds from poppy-derived and other synthetic analgetics, a range of studies indicate that these drugs are selective μ opioid receptor agonists possessing morphine-like pharmacotoxicological properties in animals as well as humans. Several unscheduled members of this synthetically readily accessible class of opioids that are not controlled under the international and national drug control systems have recently emerged on the illicit drug market. Among them, isotonitazene has been implicated in at least 200 fatalities in Europe and North America. None of the 2-benzylbenzimidazole derivatives have been developed into medicines, but etonitazene and some of its derivatives have been used as receptor probes and in addiction behavior studies in animals. The unique structure has inspired research on such benzimidazoles and related benzimidazolones of which "brorphine" made its debut as one of the newest psychoactive substance to emerge on the illicit opioid drug market in mid-2019. This in-depth review provides a historical introduction, an overview on the chemistry, pharmacological profiles, adverse effects, addiction liability, regulatory status, and the impact on chemical neuroscience of the 2-benzylbenzimidazoles. Structurally related benzimidazoles with opioid and/or analgesic properties are also discussed briefly.
Effects of Solid Lubricants on hard turning (2012)

Product quality is one of the most important criteria for the assessment of hard turning process. However, in view of the high temperatures developed in hard turning process, the surface quality deteriorates due to the tool wear. Because of the strict environmental restrictions on the use of cutting fluids, new cutting techniques are required to be investigated to reduce the tool wear. In the present work, the use of solid lubricants during hard turning has been explored while machining bearing steel with mixed ceramic inserts at different cutting conditions and tool geometry. Results show considerable improvement in the surface finish with the use of solid lubricants. Due to the presence of solid lubricants, there is a decrease of surface roughness values from 8 to 15% as compared to dry hard turning.
Comparison of passively mode-locked operation of diode pumped Nd:YAG laser using either second harmonic nonlinear mirror or semiconductor saturable absorber (2005)

Results of experimental investigation of diode pumped Nd:YAG laser passively mode locked using either second harmonic nonlinear mirror or semiconductor saturable absorber are reported. As an active element the 10 mm long Nd:YAG rod end pumped by 20 W fiber coupled laser diode was used. The linear folded resonator has on the other end either saturable absorber with single 15 nm thick In 0.25 Ga 0.75 As quantum well layer integrated on the top of Bragg mirror (SESAM) either nonlinear mirror (NLM) consisting of a dichroic dielectric mirror and crystal for second harmonic generation (SHG). With SESAM the 2.5 W of average output power and pulse duration of 21 ps was achieved, using the 3.5 mm long type II KTP crystal we obtained 1.5 W of output power with single pulse duration of 26 ps. Substantial pulse shortening to 9 ps was achieved with a 10 mm long critically phase-matched type I LBO crystal.
Erratum: “Tuning carrier type and density in Bi2Se3 by Ca-doping” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 042112 (2010)] (2010)

First Page
Coating of Poly(<i>p</i>-xylylene) by PLA-PEO-PLA Triblock Copolymers with Excellent Polymer−Polymer Adhesion for Stent Applications (2006)

Poly(p-xylylene) (PPX) was deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on stainless steel substrates. These PPX films were coated by solution casting of poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(lactide) triblock copolymers (PLA-PEO-PLA) loaded with 14C-labeled paclitaxel. Adhesion of PLA-PEO-PLA on PPX substrate coatings was measured using the blister test method. Excellent adhesion of the block copolymers on PPX substrates was found. Stress behavior and film integrity of PLA-PEO-PLA was compared to pure PLA on unexpanded and expanded stent bodies and was found to be superior for the block copolymers. The release of paclitaxel from the biodegradable coatings was studied under physiological conditions using the scintillation counter method. Burst release of paclitaxel was observed from PLA-PEO-PLA layers regardless of composition, but an increase in paclitaxel loading was observed with increasing content of PEO.
Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Methyl 4,6-<i>O</i>-Benzylidene-2,3-<i>O</i>- carbonyl-α-<scp>d</scp>-glucopyranoside: A First Example of Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Five-Membered Cyclic Carbonate without Elimination of CO<sub>2</sub> (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTAnionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Methyl 4,6-O-Benzylidene-2,3-O- carbonyl-α-d-glucopyranoside: A First Example of Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Five-Membered Cyclic Carbonate without Elimination of CO2Osamu Haba, Haruka Tomizuka, and Takeshi EndoView Author Information Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 9, 3562–3563Publication Date (Web):March 31, 2005Publication History Received12 November 2004Revised22 February 2005Published online31 March 2005Published inissue 1 May 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0476745https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0476745rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1720Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anionic polymerization,Hydrolysis,Inorganic carbon compounds,Polymers,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
<title>Co-doped spinels: promising materials for solid state lasers</title> (1994)

Optical absorption, luminescence, saturation of absorption and lifetime measurements have been carried out on Co-doped MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and ZnGa<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. The crystal field parameters are estimated for the tetrahedral Co<SUP>2+</SUP> ion. Three luminescence bands observed in the visible and near infrared are assigned to transitions from the <SUP>4</SUP>T<SUB>1</SUB>(<SUP>4</SUP>P) level to the lower levels <SUP>4</SUP>A<SUB>2</SUB>(<SUP>4</SUP>F), <SUP>4</SUP>T<SUB>2</SUB>(<SUP>4</SUP>F), and <SUP>4</SUP>T<SUB>1</SUB>(<SUP>4</SUP>F), respectively. Strong luminescence quenching due to nonradiative decay processes is observed MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>:Co. Saturation of Co<SUP>2+</SUP> absorption at 540 nm is measured and the absorption cross section is estimated to be 2.1 + 0.2 X 10<SUP>-19</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> in MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>.
Microencapsulation (2005)

Presenting breakthrough research pertinent to scientists in a wide range of disciplines-from medicine and biotechnology to cosmetics and pharmacy-this Second Edition provides practical approaches to complex formulation problems encountered in the development of particulate delivery systems at the micro- and nano-size level. Completely revised and e
A new synthesis of 1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one (1987)

Abstract A new method for the synthesis of 1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one (DXO) 1 was developed and advantages over an earlier synthetic scheme 2 were documented.
BLASTING through the information theoretic barrier with FUSION TREES (1990)

Article Free Access Share on BLASTING through the information theoretic barrier with FUSION TREES Authors: M. L. Fredman Rutgers, Bellcore and UCSD Rutgers, Bellcore and UCSDView Profile , D. E. Willard SUNY at Albany SUNY at AlbanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '90: Proceedings of the twenty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of ComputingApril 1990 Pages 1–7https://doi.org/10.1145/100216.100217Published:01 April 1990Publication History 35citation1,119DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations35Total Downloads1,119Last 12 Months86Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Hanganutziu-Deicher Active Gangliosides, N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid-Containing Gangliosides (1995)

We have established three kinds of monoclonal antibodies against gangliosides containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) by immunization of BALB/c mice with the purified gangliosides inserted into liposomes comprising Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharides, and fusion of spleen cells with a mouse myeloma cell line. One monoclonal antibody, SHS-1, which was generated by immunizing mice with purified i-active ganglioside(NeuGc), reacted specifically with the i-active ganglioside(NeuGc) used as an immunogen. Structurally related gangliosides, such as GM3(NeuGc), sialosylparagloboside (SPG) (NeuGc), or I-active ganglioside(NeuGc), corresponding gangliosides [GM3 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), SPG(NeuAc), i-active ganglioside(NeuAc), and I-active ganglioside(NeuAc)], other gangliosides, or neutral glycosphingolipid (GSL) were not recognized by the monoclonal antibody. These findings indicate that the SHS-1 monoclonal antibody may be specific for NeuGc-containing i-active ganglioside. On the other hand, the other two monoclonal antibodies, MSG-1 and SPS-20, which were generated by immunizing mice with purified ganglioside GM3(NeuGc) and SPG(NeuGc), respectively, showed cross-reactivity to structurally related gangliosides. The MSG-1 monoclonal antibody exhibited reactivity to ganglioside GM3(NeuAc). The SPS-20 monoclonal antibody also cross-reacted with SPG(NeuAc), i-active ganglioside(NeuGc), and i-active ganglioside(NeuAc). Neither MSG-1 nor SPS-20 reacted with corresponding gangliosides, other gangliosides, or neutral GSLs tested. Using the SHS-1 antibody specific for i-active ganglioside(NeuGc), we studied the expression of NeuGc-containing antigen in human colon cancer tissue. An NeuGc-containing glycoconjugate was detected in the colon cancer tissue.
Applications of space-time adaptive processing in wireless communications (2002)

This paper studies the application of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) to increase the performance of wireless communications. STAP applied to CDMA systems is an efficient means to increase the capacity by providing diversity paths to combat multipath and by suppressing interference through spatial-temporal filtering. STAP may also be used to harden commercial systems for military applications by rejecting narrowband interferences in overlay situations. The main advantage of interference suppression in the spatial domain is its robustness with respect to the interference bandwidth. The performance of several STAP architectures is reviewed. The performance of wireless systems with array processing or STAP is degraded by errors in the estimation of the covariance matrix due to finite sample effects. Full and reduced-rank methods are analyzed with respect to their robustness to finite sample effects.
Mach: A New Kernel Foundation for UNIX Development. (1986)

Docetaxel chemotherapy is increasingly used in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cutaneous toxicity is common with docetaxel, occurring in up to 75% of cases. We present an unusual case of castration-resistant prostate cancer in which our patient developed recurrent but transient episodes of skin rash following each cycle of docetaxel. Initially, the rash was attributed to docetaxel cutaneous toxicity however a microbiological diagnosis of Trichophyton rubrum was subsequently made. We postulated that dexamethasone pre-medication transiently suppressed anti-fungal immunity, and indeed further flares were prevented by significantly reducing the dose of dexamethasone while continuing treatment with docetaxel.
Self-supervised Video Representation Learning by Pace Prediction (2020)

This paper addresses the problem of self-supervised video representation learning from a new perspective -- by video pace prediction. It stems from the observation that human visual system is sensitive to video pace, e.g., slow motion, a widely used technique in film making. Specifically, given a video played in natural pace, we randomly sample training clips in different paces and ask a neural network to identify the pace for each video clip. The assumption here is that the network can only succeed in such a pace reasoning task when it understands the underlying video content and learns representative spatio-temporal features. In addition, we further introduce contrastive learning to push the model towards discriminating different paces by maximizing the agreement on similar video content. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on action recognition and video retrieval tasks with several alternative network architectures. Experimental evaluations show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance for self-supervised video representation learning across different network architectures and different benchmarks. The code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/laura-wang/video-pace.
An Approach to Adaptive Memory Management in Data Stream Systems (2006)

Adaptivity is a challenging open issue in data stream management. In this paper, we tackle the problem of memory adaptivity inside a system executing temporal sliding window queries over continuous data streams. Two different techniques to control the memory usage at runtime are proposed which refer to changes in window sizes and time granularities. Both techniques differ from standard load shedding approaches based on sampling as they ensure precise query answers for user-defined Quality of Service (QoS) specifications, even under query re-optimization.
A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential (1996)

Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.
Inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation as the result of cleavage of α2<i>β</i>1-integrin by the snake venom metalloproteinase jararhagin (1996)

Jararhagin is a high-molecular-mass (52 kDa) haemorrhagic metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca venom and a member of the metalloproteinase/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein family. The disintegrin domain of jararhagin has been implicated in the inhibition of platelet responses to collagen by a mechanism that is not entirely known. The present investigation demonstrates that both active and 1,10-phenanthroline-inactivated jararhagin inhibit platelet aggregation by collagen with an IC50 of 40 and 140 nM respectively. The apparently higher inhibitory effect of the active enzyme clearly indicates that, in addition to the disintegrin region, the metalloproteinase domain of jararhagin also participates in this inhibition. As collagen interacts with platelets via alpha 2 beta 1-integrin, we investigated the effects of jararhagin on this integrin using selected function-blocking monoclonal antibodies against both of its subunits. Flow cytometry of platelets treated with native jararhagin and immunoprecipitation of platelet surface glycoproteins from lysates after jararhagin treatment showed an apparently selective reduction of alpha 2 beta 1-integrin immunoreactivity with both anti-alpha 2 and anti-beta 1 monoclonal antibodies. The loss of immunoreactivity was not due to integrin internalization, since it also took place in cytochalasin D-treated platelets. Here we show that jararhagin cleaved isolated alpha 2 beta 1-integrin resulting in the generation of a 115 kDa beta 1 fragment. We therefore propose that the inhibition by jararhagin of platelet response to collagen is mediated through the binding of jararhagin to platelet alpha 2-subunit via the disintegrin domain, followed by proteolysis of the beta 1-subunit with loss of the integrin structure (conformation) necessary for the binding of macromolecular ligands.
Faster and smaller inverted indices with treaps (2013)

We introduce a new representation of the inverted index that performs faster ranked unions and intersections while using less space. Our index is based on the treap data structure, which allows us to intersect/merge the document identifiers while simultaneously thresholding by frequency, instead of the costlier two-step classical processing methods. To achieve compression we represent the treap topology using compact data structures. Further, the treap invariants allow us to elegantly encode differentially both document identifiers and frequencies. Results show that our index uses about 20% less space, and performs queries up to three times faster, than state-of-the-art compact representations.
GraphPrism (2012)

Visual methods for supporting the characterization, comparison, and classification of large networks remain an open challenge. Ideally, such techniques should surface useful structural features -- such as effective diameter, small-world properties, and structural holes -- not always apparent from either summary statistics or typical network visualizations. In this paper, we present GraphPrism, a technique for visually summarizing arbitrarily large graphs through combinations of 'facets', each corresponding to a single node- or edge-specific metric (e.g., transitivity). We describe a generalized approach for constructing facets by calculating distributions of graph metrics over increasingly large local neighborhoods and representing these as a stacked multi-scale histogram. Evaluation with paper prototypes shows that, with minimal training, static GraphPrism diagrams can aid network analysis experts in performing basic analysis tasks with network data. Finally, we contribute the design of an interactive system using linked selection between GraphPrism overviews and node-link detail views. Using a case study of data from a co-authorship network, we illustrate how GraphPrism facilitates interactive exploration of network data.
A Speed and Acceleration Estimation Algorithm for Powertrain Control (1991)

This paper describes a speed and acceleration estimation algorithm based on the Kalman filtering technique. This real-time algorithm, which requires only speed measurement, is computationally simple and can be used in a variety of applications, such as powertrain controls. The dynamic equations of the filter, which has three states, are derived assuming random noise in the process and measurement equations. The filter design is accomplished first analytically and then numerically using a commercial control design package. The filter is implemented in a research vehicle to estimate transmission output speed and accleration, which are then used as feedback signals in powertrain control. In this implementation, the parking pawl (12 teeth) on the transmission output shaft is used as the pulse generator for the speed measurement. Simulation and vehicle road test results are presented to show that this filter is very effective in removing the noise from the estimated speed and acceleration signals. Issues relating to the trade-off between filter convergence and noise rejection are also discussed.
Slow Dynamic Processes in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Characteristic Times and Hysteresis (2014)

Characteristic times of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been measured by different techniques: transient photovoltage decay, transient photoluminescence, and impedance spectroscopy. A slow dynamic process is detected that shows characteristic times in the seconds to milliseconds scale, with good quantitative agreement between transient photovoltage decay and impedance spectroscopy. Here, we show that this characteristic time is related with a novel slow dynamic process caused by the peculiar structural properties of lead halide perovskites and depending on perovskite crystal size and organic cation nature. This new process may lie at the basis of the current-voltage hysteresis reported for PSCs and could have important implications in PSC performance because it may give rise to distinct dynamical behavior with respect to other classes of photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, we show that low-frequency characteristic time, commonly associated with electronic carrier lifetime in other photovoltaic devices, cannot be attributed to a recombination process in the case of PSCs.
Investigation of the Breakdown Voltage Degradation under Hot-Carrier Injection in STI-based PchLDMOS Transistors (2020)

Hot-carrier injection causes characteristics change of semiconductor devices. In this work, off-state breakdown voltage (BVdss) degradation of shallow trench isolation (STI) based PchLDMOS under drain avalanche hot-carrier (DAHC) stress has been investigated. We found that the cause of the degradation was a trapped charge at the bottom area of STI rather than STI corner. The mechanism of BVdss degradation was clarified and a tolerant LDMOS structure is proposed.