gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delito de impago de pensiones Una propuesta para la mejora de su tipificación (2009)

Cuando la ruptura conyugal divide la familia, los gastos se multiplican. Las pensiones alimenticias que se generan suelen durar anos. A veces por falta de voluntad, y otras por imposibilidad material debido a la carga financiera que supone mantener dos familias, no es infrecuente que el progenitor no custodio deje de hacer frente a sus compromisos alimenticios. El legislador espanol se limita a sancionar penalmente el impago de pensiones en el art. 227 CP, a diferencia del legislador frances, quien complementa la regulacion con otros dos delitos intimamente conexos: el art. 227-4 y 9 Code penal referente a la falta de notificacion del cambio de domicilio y el art. 314-7 Code penal relativo a la organizacion fraudulenta de la insolvencia. El objeto de este trabajo es, simplemente, analizar descriptivamente esas dos herramientas del Derecho penal frances, y ofrecer algunas consideraciones de politica legislativa, con animo de ponderar la conveniencia de su incorporacion a nuestro ordenamiento.
Sulfonylation and Phosphinylation of Olefinic Compounds with Radical Species Generated by the Oxidation of Sodium Sulfinates and Diphenylphosphine Oxide (1996)

Abstract Sodium arenesulfinates are oxidized with manganese(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate or ammonium cerium(IV) nitrates to generate sulfonyl radicals, which add to olefinic compounds to afford sulfonylated products in good yield. When 1-vinyl cyclic alcohols are used as sulfonyl radical acceptors, sulfonylation proceeds with ring-enlargement. Diphenylphosphinyl radical can also be generated by treating diphenylphosphine oxide with manganese(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate and reacts with olefinic compounds, giving phosphinylated products.
Noise Provides New Insights on Contrast Sensitivity Function (2014)

Sensitivity to luminance difference, or contrast sensitivity, is critical for animals to survive in and interact with the external world. The contrast sensitivity function (CSF), which measures visual sensitivity to spatial patterns over a wide range of spatial frequencies, provides a comprehensive characterization of the visual system. Despite its popularity and significance in both basic research and clinical practice, it hasn't been clear what determines the CSF and how the factors underlying the CSF change in different conditions. In the current study, we applied the external noise method and perceptual template model to a wide range of external noise and spatial frequency (SF) conditions, and evaluated how the various sources of observer inefficiency changed with SF and determined the limiting factors underlying the CSF. We found that only internal additive noise and template gain changed significantly with SF, while the transducer non-linearity and coefficient for multiplicative noise were constant. The 12-parameter model provided a very good account of all the data in the 200 tested conditions (86.5%, 86.2%, 89.5%, and 96.4% for the four subjects, respectively). Our results suggest a re-consideration of the popular spatial vision model that employs the CSF as the front-end filter and constant internal additive noise across spatial frequencies. The study will also be of interest to scientists and clinicians engaged in characterizing spatial vision deficits and/or developing rehabilitation methods to restore spatial vision in clinical populations.
Mobile keto allyl systems. 18. Synthesis and charge-transfer interactions of 2-(.alpha.-aminobenzyl)-1-indenones (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMobile keto allyl systems. 18. Synthesis and charge-transfer interactions of 2-(.alpha.-aminobenzyl)-1-indenonesRobert J. Murray and Norman H. CromwellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 22, 3540–3545Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00884a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00884a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On guaranteed delivery of time-critical messages in DQDB (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of guaranteed delivery of messages with hard deadlines in a DQDB network. The authors present a cyclic reservation scheme capable of allocating bandwidth with any arbitrary granularity and provide deterministic delay guarantees. They propose two implementations of the allocation scheme within the framework of DQDB medium access control protocol. The proposed implementations are very simple, incur minimal overhead and require only minor changes in the adopted standard.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-time 3D segmentation of cluttered scenes for robot grasping (2012)

We present a real-time algorithm that segments unstructured and highly cluttered scenes. The algorithm robustly separates objects of unknown shape in congested scenes of stacked and partially occluded objects. The model-free approach finds smooth surface patches, using a depth image from a Kinect camera, which are subsequently combined to form highly probable object hypotheses. The real-time capabilities and the quality of the algorithm are evaluated on a benchmark database. Advantages compared to existing approaches as well as weaknesses are discussed. We also report on an autonomous grasping experiment with the Shadow Robot Hand which employs the estimated shape and pose of objects given by our algorithm in a task in which it cleans a table.
Assessing changes in tumour vascular function using dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (2002)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is widely used in the diagnosis and staging of cancer and is emerging as a promising method for monitoring tumour response to treatment. However, DCE-MR imaging techniques are still evolving and methods of image analysis remain variable and non-standard, and range from relative changes in the pattern of enhancement to pharmacokinetic modelling of contrast agent uptake. The combination of results from different institutions is therefore difficult and the sensitivities of different methods have not been compared. The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations between qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis for DCE-MR images from breast cancer patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Fifteen patients underwent DCE-MRI examinations before and after one course of chemotherapy. Changes in the temporal pattern of signal enhancement, the rate and amplitude of enhancement and the volume transfer constant of contrast agent between the blood plasma and the extravascular extracellular space (EES), K(trans), and the EES fractional volume, nu(e), were determined. In addition, whole tumour region-of-interest analysis was compared with histogram analysis to investigate the extent of tumour heterogeneity. It was found that changes in the rate of enhancement correlated strongly with changes in K(trans) values (Kendall's tau = 0.68, P < 0.001). Furthermore, it was found that the shape of the signal enhancement curve only changed when the K(trans) values changed by 50% or more. Median K(trans) values determined following histogram analysis of pixel maps of K(trans) were approximately equal to those determined by whole tumour region-of-interest analysis. The absolute change in the K(trans) values correlated negatively with the pre-treatment values, particularly for responding patients. Thus, for higher pre-treatment K(trans) values, a greater decrease was observed. Greater changes were observed in the upper extremes of the K(trans) histogram than in the median values after one course of treatment.
Conformation of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein α Dimers Varies with Intranuclear Location in Living Cells (2003)

The structure of a protein defines its biochemical properties, but the impact of intracellular location and environment on protein structure remains poorly defined. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) is a master regulator of transcription and cellular proliferation that concentrates and is kept inactive at transcriptionally quiescent, pericentromeric regions in mouse cell nuclei. C/EBPalpha dimer structure was measured in living cells from the amounts of fluorescence energy transferred between derivatives of the green fluorescent protein attached to different C/EBPalpha domains. Comparing the levels of fluorescence resonance energy transfer at pericentromeric and nonpericentromeric regions of the nucleus indicated that the DNA binding domains of C/EBPalpha dimers were further apart and interacted more poorly at pericentromeric heterochromatin than in the more euchromatic regions of the nucleus. In contrast, the position and interactions of the transcriptional activation domains were similar throughout the nucleus. Phorbol ester treatment caused a shift in the position of the transcriptional activation domain relative to the DNA binding domain. Thus, C/EBPalpha conformation varies with intranuclear location and with cellular environment. These "fluorescence resonance energy transfer nanoscopy" techniques will be broadly applicable for associating conformational and kinetic variations to subcompartment-specific actions of C/EBPalpha or any protein in the dynamic intracellular environment.
Monolithic laser scribed graphene scaffolds with atomic layer deposited platinum for the hydrogen evolution reaction (2017)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Pt over monolithic 3D porous, laser scribed graphene scaffolds forms an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Retroviral vectors and transposons for stable gene therapy: advances, current challenges and perspectives (2016)

Gene therapy protocols require robust and long-term gene expression. For two decades, retrovirus family vectors have offered several attractive properties as stable gene-delivery vehicles. These vectors represent a technology with widespread use in basic biology and translational studies that require persistent gene expression for treatment of several monogenic diseases. Immunogenicity and insertional mutagenesis represent the main obstacles to a wider clinical use of these vectors. Efficient and safe non-viral vectors are emerging as a promising alternative and facilitate clinical gene therapy studies. Here, we present an updated review for beginners and expert readers on retro and lentiviruses and the latest generation of transposon vectors (sleeping beauty and piggyBac) used in stable gene transfer and gene therapy clinical trials. We discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of these systems such as cellular responses (immunogenicity or genome modification of the target cell) following exogenous DNA integration. Additionally, we discuss potential implications of these genome modification tools in gene therapy and other basic and applied science contexts.
Tinkering and the Origins of Heritable Anatomical Variation in Vertebrates (2018)

Evolutionary change comes from natural and other forms of selection acting on existing anatomical and physiological variants. While much is known about selection, little is known about the details of how genetic mutation leads to the range of heritable anatomical variants that are present within any population. This paper takes a systems-based view to explore how genomic mutation in vertebrate genomes works its way upwards, though changes to proteins, protein networks, and cell phenotypes to produce variants in anatomical detail. The evidence used in this approach mainly derives from analysing anatomical change in adult vertebrates and the protein networks that drive tissue formation in embryos. The former indicate which processes drive variation-these are mainly patterning, timing, and growth-and the latter their molecular basis. The paper then examines the effects of mutation and genetic drift on these processes, the nature of the resulting heritable phenotypic variation within a population, and the experimental evidence on the speed with which new variants can appear under selection. The discussion considers whether this speed is adequate to explain the observed rate of evolutionary change or whether other non-canonical, adaptive mechanisms of heritable mutation are needed. The evidence to hand suggests that they are not, for vertebrate evolution at least.
Artificial Intelligence in Software Testing : Impact, Problems, Challenges and Prospect (2022)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making a significant impact in multiple areas like medical, military, industrial, domestic, law, arts as AI is capable to perform several roles such as managing smart factories, driving autonomous vehicles, creating accurate weather forecasts, detecting cancer and personal assistants, etc. Software testing is the process of putting the software to test for some abnormal behaviour of the software. Software testing is a tedious, laborious and most time-consuming process. Automation tools have been developed that help to automate some activities of the testing process to enhance quality and timely delivery. Over time with the inclusion of continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline, automation tools are becoming less effective. The testing community is turning to AI to fill the gap as AI is able to check the code for bugs and errors without any human intervention and in a much faster way than humans. In this study, we aim to recognize the impact of AI technologies on various software testing activities or facets in the STLC. Further, the study aims to recognize and explain some of the biggest challenges software testers face while applying AI to testing. The paper also proposes some key contributions of AI in the future to the domain of software testing.
Respiratory behaviour of a <i>Zymomonas mobilis adhB::kan</i><sup><i>r</i></sup> mutant supports the hypothesis of two alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes catalysing opposite reactions (2006)

Perturbation of the aerobic steady-state in a chemostat culture of the ethanol-producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis with a small pulse of ethanol causes a burst of ethanol oxidation, although the reactant ratio of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) reaction ([NADH][acetaldehyde][H(+)])/([ethanol][NAD(+)]) remains above the K(eq) value. Simultaneous catalysis of ethanol synthesis and oxidation by the two ADH isoenzymes, residing in different redox microenvironments, has been proposed previously. In the present study, this hypothesis is verified by construction of an ADH-deficient strain and by demonstration that it lacks the oxidative burst in response to perturbation of its aerobic steady-state with ethanol.
The biosynthesis of cellulose by <i>Acetobacter xylinum</i> and <i>Acetobacter acetigenus</i> (1977)

The morphological aspects of biosynthesis of cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum and Acetobacter acetigenus were studied by transmission electron microscopy of both freeze-etch replicas and sections of cellulose-free cells in suspension culture before and subsequent to the induction of cellulose synthesis. Also examined were freshly synthesized, thoroughly washed, cellulose pellicles. Thin sections of rapidly dividing, glucose-metabolizing cells of both species showed irregular features on the cell surface including a small polar invagination which sometimes contained or was associated with fibrils as fine as 3 nm in diameter of a substance which stains with electron-microscopic counterstains. Cellulose microfibrils in thin sections of freshly synthesized pellicles were coated with a surface material which also stained with the same counterstains (uranyl ions and lead ions). The effect of air-drying on freshly synthesized cellulose was striking. When examined by freeze-etching, thoroughly washed, never air-dried pellicles of both species showed a nascent form of cellulose fibril which consisted of a central, dense core surrounded by a sheath of amorphous gel. This sheath may be up to 100 nm wide. When the pellicle was air-dried and rehydrated before freeze-etching, the amorphous sheath was rare and shrunken but ordinary microfibrils of classical dimensions were visible. The sheath and core are sometimes closely associated with the envelope of the cells of both species. These observations can be interpreted in the context of recent advances in cellulose synthesis by assuming that chains of an initial, highly hydrated, intermediate polyglucan are released from the cell and that such chains associate to form a nascent fibril external to the cell but associated with the cell envelope. Air-drying of nascent fibrils converts them to classical microfibrils and this conversion is considered here in molecular terms.
Potential Cardiovascular Effects of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (2015)

In patients with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk reduction represents an important clinical goal in light of the elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in this patient population; thus, it is important that glucose-lowering drugs have no negative effects and potentially some positive effects on cardiovascular risk. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), which were designed to resist degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, are among the newer glucose-lowering agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. There are a number of agents within this class, including exenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, lixisenatide, and dulaglutide. Preclinical research efforts in animal models have identified a number of favorable cardiovascular effects of GLP-1RAs beyond glucose lowering. Although the underlying basis for these cardiovascular effects has not yet been elucidated, a number of potential mechanisms have been suggested. Accumulating data from randomized clinical trials and retrospective/post hoc pooled analyses of clinical trials support the favorable effects of GLP-1RAs on blood pressure and lipid profiles. Although some observations have suggested that GLP-1RAs may lead to an increase in heart rate, a recent post hoc analysis including 11 studies of exenatide once weekly versus active comparators or placebo shows that mean increases in heart rate are small and transient, increases are more common in patients with low baseline heart rate, and that heart rate elevations become less prevalent over time. In addition, no association was observed between major adverse cardiac events and small mean increases in heart rate. Individual clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes also have provided evidence of protection against post-myocardial infarction ischemic damage, as well as the ability to improve circulating biomarker levels. Forthcoming data from phase 3 and 4 cardiovascular outcome trials of GLP-1RAs will provide further insight into their cardiovascular safety and cardioprotective potential in various settings.
Psychoneuroimmunology: Interactions between central nervous system and immune system (1987)

Psychoneuroimmunology, a rapidly developing field, has to do with the complex bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system. Neuroendocrine influences modulate immune function, and there is feedback from the immune system to the brain. CNS-immune interaction appears to play a role in psychosocial influences on immunologically resisted and mediated diseases. With the growing evidence now at hand, over 30 "postulates" can be proposed for specific implications of CNS-immune interaction.
Advances of electronic nose and its application in fresh foods: A review (2017)

The science and technology aspects of electronic nose (E-nose) has been developed rapidly in last decade (2006-2016). This paper reviews of the publications that that cover the developments in science and technological aspects of electronic nose together with its application in fresh foods. The first part of this review covers the sensing and pattern recognition system (PR) of E-nose. The second part covers the application of E-nose in classification, flavor detection, and evaluation of spoilage in fresh foods area. With more new sensor materials to be found and more combination between E-nose and other analysis technologies, the usages of E-nose in fresh foods will have wider prospects.
Microwave tomographic imaging for osteoporosis screening: a pilot clinical study (2010)

We are developing a microwave tomographic system for assessment of overall bone health. We hypothesize that as the mineralization of bone decreases due to the normal aging process and for more extreme situations such as osteoporosis, the dielectric property signature will also vary accordingly. To determine the merits of this approach, we have begun by performing initial exams of the heel to assess the level of image quality achievable. Early experience from our pilot study is encouraging and indicates that multiple planes of 2D images produce good representations of the 3D structural features within the heel.
Objective measurement of compliance with nasal CPAP treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (1988)

Compliance with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has become a major concern, since this treatment is efficacious, but constraining. In 46 consecutive obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients, we measured compliance with nasal CPAP by establishing a mean rate of use, with a built-in time counter read at three-month intervals, over a mean follow-up period of 232 +/- 27 days. The mean rate of use in the whole group was 5.14 +/- 0.31 hours per day. The acceptance rate was 90.9-93.2%, showing that patient acceptance is not a limitation in the use of nasal CPAP.
Highly Reversible Lithium/Dissolved Polysulfide Batteries with Carbon Nanotube Electrodes (2013)

Auf Papier: Die im Titel beschriebene Zelle nutzt ein „Papier“ aus verwobenen mehrwandigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (MWCNTs) als Wirtgerüst für das gelöste aktive Polysulfid und die Reaktionsprodukte. Außergewöhnlich hohe Kapazitäten von 1600 mAh g−1 (Anfangswert) und 1411 mAh g−1 (nach 50 Zyklen, bezogen auf die Schwefelmasse) werden bei einer Rate von C/10 erhalten. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.