gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiallodynic and Anticonvulsant Activity of Novel Amide and Urea Derivatives of Valproic Acid Analogues (2009)

Valproic acid (VPA, 1) is a major broad spectrum antiepileptic and central nervous system drug widely used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine. VPA's clinical use is limited by two severe and life-threatening side effects, teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity. A number of VPA analogues and their amide, N-methylamide and urea derivatives, were synthesized and evaluated in animal models of neuropathic pain and epilepsy. Among these, two amide and two urea derivatives of 1 showed the highest potency as antineuropathic pain compounds, with ED(50) values of 49 and 51 mg/kg for the amides (19 and 20) and 49 and 74 mg/kg for the urea derivatives (29 and 33), respectively. 19, 20, and 29 were equipotent to gabapentin, a leading drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain. These data indicate strong potential for the above-mentioned novel compounds as candidates for future drug development for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Syntheses of 12-oxygenated forskolins (1987)

N. J. Hrib, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 1338 DOI: 10.1039/C39870001338
On algorithmization of Janashia-Lagvilava matrix spectral factorization method (2016)

We consider three different ways of algorithmization of the Janashia-Lagvilava spectral factorization method. The first algorithm is faster than the second one, however, it is only suitable for matrices of low dimension. The second algorithm, on the other hand, can be applied to matrices of substantially larger dimension. The third algorithm is a superfast implementation of the method, but only works in the polynomial case under the additional restriction that the zeros of the determinant are not too close to the boundary. All three algorithms fully utilize the advantage of the method which carries out spectral factorization of leading principal submatrices step-by-step. The corresponding results of numerical simulations are reported in order to describe the characteristic features of each algorithm and compare them to other existing algorithms.
Spoken Text Difficulty Estimation Using Linguistic Features (2016)

We present an automated method for estimating the difficulty of spoken texts for use in generating items that assess non-native learners' listening proficiency. We collected information on the perceived difficulty of listening to various English monologue speech samples using a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 15 non-native English learners. We averaged the overall rating provided by three nonnative learners at different proficiency levels into an overall score of listenability. We then trained a multiple linear regression model with the listenability score as the dependent variable and features from both natural language and speech processing as the independent variables. Our method demonstrated a correlation of 0.76 with the listenability score, comparable to the agreement between the nonnative learners' ratings and the listenability score.
L-Tryptophan As Treatment for Pediatric Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnia (2018)

This study finds that parasomnias in children are not benign and that treatment with L-tryptophan provides a favorable outcome. Children diagnosed with parasomnia had altered sleep architecture, were more fatigued, and endorsed depressive symptoms. This study supports the need to diagnose and treat parasomnias in children.
Elevated expression of PDE7B in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2006)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), the most common form of adult leukemia, is characterized by an accumulation of neoplastic B cells in the blood and lymphoid tissues. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of CLL patients with the non‐selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3‐isobutyl‐1‐ methylxanthine (IBMX) promotes their apoptosis. We hypothesized that IBMX may be targeting one or more specific isoforms of PDE to achieve this apoptotic effect, and thus assessed the expression of the isoforms of PDE in PBMC of CLL patients and normal volunteers. Using reverse transcriptase‐PCR, we found that PBMC express mRNA for PDE 1B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 5A, 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, and 9A; by immunoblotting, thus far, we have detected protein for PDEs of the 3, 4, 5 and 7 families. We found that PBMC from CLL patients express lower levels of PDEs 3B, 4D, and 5A than do cells from controls but have 10‐fold higher levels of mRNA and 4‐fold higher protein levels for one PDE isoform, PDE 7B. Increased expression of PDE7B in CLL is not merely a reflection of the higher number of B lymphocytes in CLL patients because B cells isolated from PBMC of normal subjects do not express high levels of PDE7B. Cell fractionation studies revealed that PDE7B is preferentially found in membrane and not cytosolic fractions. We conclude that increased expression of PDE7B occurs in PBMC from CLL patients, a result suggesting that inhibitors of this PDE isoform may provide a novel approach for inducing apoptosis of CLL cells. Supported by grants from NIH and the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.
Continuous Variable QKD with Time Division Quadrature Homodyne Detection (2021)

연속변수 양자암호키분배 (continuous-variable quantum key distribution, CVQKD) 시스템에서, 편광 분할을 이용한 기존 직교 호모다인 검출 (quadrature homodyne detection, QHD) 시스템은 기존의 호모다인 검출(homodyne detection, HD) 방식 대비 비밀키 생성률을 높일 수 있다. 우리가 제안한 시분할 직교 호모다인 검출(time-division quadrature homodyne detection, TDQHD) 시스템은 두 개의 호모다인 간섭계로 직교 호모다인 검출을 하는 기존 방식과 달리, 시분할 방식을 도입하여 하나의 호모다인 간섭계만으로 동시에 두 개의 직교하는 기저에 대한 양자 연속변수 검출을 가능하게 한다. 이 방식은 직교 호모다인 검출과 동일하게 기존 호모다인보다 향상된 비밀키 생성률을 얻을 수 있게 한다. 추가로 실제 시스템 구현에 있어, 기존 호모다인 검출에서 검출 기저선택을 위해 사용하는 임의의 위상 변조가 필요 없으며, 수신부를 편광에 독립적으로 구현할 수 있어 광섬유의 편광 흔들림에 의한 영향이 해소된다.
Pilot Contamination and Precoding in Multi-Cell TDD Systems (2009)

This paper considers a multi-cell multiple antenna system with precoding used at the base stations for downlink transmission. For precoding at the base stations, channel state information (CSI) is essential at the base stations. A popular technique for obtaining this CSI in time division duplex (TDD) systems is uplink training by utilizing the reciprocity of the wireless medium. This paper mathematically characterizes the impact that uplink training has on the performance of such multi-cell multiple antenna systems. When non-orthogonal training sequences are used for uplink training, the paper shows that the precoding matrix used by the base station in one cell becomes corrupted by the channel between that base station and the users in other cells in an undesirable manner. This paper analyzes this fundamental problem of pilot contamination in multi-cell systems. Furthermore, it develops a new multi-cell MMSE-based precoding method that mitigate this problem. In addition to being a linear precoding method, this precoding method has a simple closed-form expression that results from an intuitive optimization problem formulation. Numerical results show significant performance gains compared to certain popular single-cell precoding methods.
Progress In Absolute Distance Interferometry (1983)

This paper describes the results of recent research undertaken to examine the feasibility of employing laser interferometry to precisely measure absolute distance over extended ranges. Data are presented that show a resolution of 0.03 um (rms) for measurements over distances up to 10 meters. The technology developed for achieving these results is based on two-color, synthetic Michelson interferometry employing a new CO2 laser source. Indeed, the new laser is the key element in this process: it was specifically designed to sequentially switch between four sets of stable R- and P-line pairs and thereby provide a basis for forming simultaneous equations which were employed to greatly reduce the half-wavelength ambiguity typical of single wavelength interferometers. Potential applications to future optical telescopes--particularly the large, multipanel telescopes under consideration for 10-15 years hence--their initial alignment and control, are suggested.
A gene signature of chemo-immunization to predict outcome in patients with triple negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (2017)

575 Background: In patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the extent of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the residual disease after anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is associated with a better prognosis. We aimed to develop a genomic signature from pre-treatment samples to predict the extent of TILs after NACT, and then to test its prognostic value on survival. Methods: Using 99 pre-treatment samples (training set), we generated a four-gene signature that predicts post-NACT TILs using the LASSO technique. Prognostic value of the signature on survival was assessed on the training set (n=99) and then evaluated on an independent validation set including 185 patients with TNBC treated with NACT. Results: A four-gene signature, assessed on pre-treatment samples and combining the expression levels of HLF, CXCL13, SULT1E1, and GBP1 predicted the extent of lymphocytic infiltration after NACT. In a multivariate analysis performed on the training set, a one-unit increase in the signature value was associated with distant-relapse free survival (DRFS) (HR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.13-0.63, p=0.002). For the validation set, the four-gene signature was significantly associated with DRFS in the entire set (HR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.11-0.59, p=0.001) and in the subset of patients with residual disease (HR: 0.23, 95%CI: 0.10-0.55, p< 0·001). Conclusions: We developed a four-gene signature of chemotherapy-induced immune-activation, which predicts outcome in patients with TNBC treated with NACT. [Table: see text]
Autoantibodies against protein disulfide isomerase ER-60 are a diagnostic marker for low-grade testicular inflammation (2014)

This study was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ME 1323/4-4) and the Translational Science Fund (Wirtschafts-und Strukturbank Hessen-WI Bank). M.F., A.P., W.W., H.-C.S. and A.M. are supported by the LOEWE focus group 'MIBIE' (Male infertility during infection and inflammation). The ER-60 ELISA is protected by a patent to the Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen with A.M. and M.F. as inventors (patent no. DE 10 2008 053 503). T.Z. as employee of the DRG Company was responsible for the ELISA development.
On the Care and Feeding of Virtual Assistants: Automating Conversation Review with AI (2022)

With the rise of intelligent virtual assistants (IVAs), there is a necessary rise in human effort to identify conversations containing misunderstood user inputs. These conversations uncover error in natural language understanding and help prioritize improvements to the IVA. As human analysis is time consuming and expensive, prioritizing the conversations where misunderstanding has likely occurred reduces costs and speeds IVA improvement. In addition, less conversations reviewed by humans mean less user data are exposed, increasing privacy. We describe Trace AI, a scalable system for automated conversation review based on the detection of conversational features that can identify potential miscommunications. Trace AI provides IVA designers with suggested actions to correct understanding errors, prioritizes areas of language model repair, and can automate the review of conversations. We discuss the system design and report its performance at identifying errors in IVA understanding compared to that of human reviewers. Trace AI has been commercially deployed for over 4 years and is responsible for significant savings in human annotation costs as well as accelerating the refinement cycle of deployed enterprise IVAs.
A Light Harvesting Antenna Using Natural Extract Graminoids Coupled with Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles for Bio‐Photovoltaic Cells (2014)

Natural extract graminoids coordinated with plasmonic silver nanoparticles are reported to serve as efficient light harvesting antennas for bio-photovoltaic cells, where emission quenching by silver nanoparticles facilitates electron collection from natural sensitizers. Moreover, the (100) nanosheet of titanium dioxide and the ligand tethering are demonstrated to be very important for efficient solar-driven electron collection. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Automated rapid seizure detection in the human ECoG (2002)

Summary form only given. Automated seizure detection with high specificity and sensitivity is a highly desirable but elusive goal. The failure to develop a reliable system despite decades of effort is due in part to the non-stationary and noise in the EEG/ECoG signals, as well as to the rudimentary mathematical treatment it has received. We have developed a method of automated seizure detection based on a combination of linear and nonlinear filtering techniques, including the discrete wavelet transform. To minimize noise, this method was first developed for intracranial signals, then later adapted to scalp recordings. Preliminary results indicate that this new method may be the fastest and most reliable to date. The generic algorithm has been tested on 5 patients and a total of 20 seizure segments and 7 interictal segments recorded form intracranial electrodes. We have also compared the method to expert visual analysis, performed through a review of polygraph tracings of the signals, and have found our method to be both fast and highly accurate. We are generally able to detect the electrographic seizure within a second of the time marked by the EEGer. The method is also highly adaptable-it automatically accounts for signal changes over time, and has a number of parameters which may be tuned to further improve accuracy for a given individual patient or for a particular signal or group of signals being monitored. The algorithm has been implemented and now allows real-time monitoring and detection on a 486/DX 33 MHz PC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic Mapping of Loci underlying Field Resistance to Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) (1996)

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a fungal disease of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. & Hans., type A (FSA), that reduces crop yields in the USA. Quantitative partial resistance to SDS does exist; therefore, one method of controlling the disease is to select cultivars with genetic resistance. The objective of this study was to use molecular markers to identify and locate alleles of chromosomal segments associated with field resistance to SDS in adapted soybean genotypes. Seventy polymorphic DNA markers were compared with SDS response among 100 F 5:9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between SDS‐resistant ‘Forrest’ and SDS‐susceptible ‘Essex’. SDS disease incidence (D1), disease severity (DS), and yield were determined in replicated, FSA‐infested test sites during 4 yr encompassing five locations with recombinant inbred lines from the F 5:7 to F 5‐11 .Two separate chromosomal segments identified by two RAPD markers, OOO5 250 and OC0l 650 , were found to be associated with mean SDS response across five locations as well as within each of the five locations. These two quantitative trait loci (QTL) jointly accounted for 34% of total phenotypic variability in mean D1. OCOl 650 was significantly associated with mean DS and yield and was putatively assigned to linkage group N. The beneficial allele was derived from the resistant parent Forrest. OO05 250 was not significantly associated with mean DS or yield and was putatively assigned to linkage group C. The beneficial allele was derived from the susceptible parent Essex. Molecular markers can be used to define alleles of chromosomal segments conferring resistance to SDS in several environments and may allow efficient selection of resistant genotypes with good yield potential for FSA‐infested fields.
Split of phase-shifts in phase mask for proximity side-writing fiber Bragg gratings (2004)

A phase shift in phase mask is split into two half-magnitude phase-shifts in near field, resulting in FBG spectral asymmetry. The errors are removed using new pre-compensating phase mask for binary-phase Dammann sampled multi-channel FBGs.
A Small Molecule Exploits Hidden Structural Features within the RNA Repeat Expansion That Causes c9ALS/FTD and Rescues Pathological Hallmarks (2021)

The hexanucleotide repeat expansion GGGGCC [r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup>] within intron 1 of <i>C9orf72</i> causes genetically defined amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, collectively named c9ALS/FTD. , the repeat expansion causes neurodegeneration via deleterious phenotypes stemming from r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup> RNA gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms. The r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup> RNA folds into both a hairpin structure with repeating 1 × 1 nucleotide GG internal loops and a G-quadruplex structure. Here, we report the identification of a small molecule (CB253) that selectively binds the hairpin form of r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup>. Interestingly, the small molecule binds to a previously unobserved conformation in which the RNA forms 2 × 2 nucleotide GG internal loops, as revealed by a series of binding and structural studies. NMR and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup> hairpin interconverts between 1 × 1 and 2 × 2 internal loops through the process of strand slippage. We provide experimental evidence that CB253 binding indeed shifts the equilibrium toward the 2 × 2 GG internal loop conformation, inhibiting mechanisms that drive c9ALS/FTD pathobiology, such as repeat-associated non-ATG translation formation of stress granules and defective nucleocytoplasmic transport in various cellular models of c9ALS/FTD.
Forecasting cycles of seizure likelihood (2020)

Seizure diary apps can provide personalized forecasts of seizure likelihood that are accurate and clinically relevant for electrographic seizures. These results have immediate potential for translation to a prospective seizure forecasting trial using a mobile diary app. It is our hope that seizure forecasting apps will one day give people with epilepsy greater confidence in managing their daily activities.
<title>Improving responsiveness of a stripe-scheduled media server</title> (1998)

Thrifty scheduling is an algorithm that improves the responsiveness of a stripe-scheduled multimedia server. It increases the determination of the data-distribution service, reduces the likelihood of high startup delays, and enables an increase in the rated load of the system. A stripe-scheduled media server is a distributed video-on- demand system that load-balances by striping video data across multiple computer nodes and cyclically scheduling the distribution of the data. The server displays highly variable startup delays in response to requests for data streams. These delays are due to clusters of allocated slots in the distribution schedule, which form naturally as the system load increases. Thrifty scheduling is a scalable algorithm that improves responsiveness by allocating streams to schedule slots in a way that reduces the clustering in the schedule. This algorithm has been incorporated into the Tiger video fileserver.
Comparison of 12 assays for detecting hCG and related molecules in urine samples from Down syndrome pregnancies (1997)

Urine is a new medium for Down syndrome testing. In an effort to determine the best type of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-related immunoassay for urine testing, we examined 14 Down syndrome and 91 unaffected pregnancy urine samples with 12 established assays. The assays included (a) those that detect hCG beta-core fragment only; (b) those that detect beta-core fragment with less than 18 per cent free beta-subunit cross-reactivity; (c) that which equally detects free beta-subunit and beta-core fragment; and (d) those that detect hCG, free beta-subunit, or combinations thereof. The seven type a and b assays had the highest sensitivity for Down syndrome. The median MOM for Down syndrome was 5.93 (range 4.73-7.53). At a 10 per cent false-positive rate, the median observed detection rate was 93 per cent (range 79-100 per cent) and the median predicted detection rate was 85 per cent (range 69-96 per cent). The assays that did not mainly detect beta-core fragment (types c and d) had poorer screening performance. The median MOM for Down syndrome was 2.70 (range 2.16-3.63 MOM). At a 10 per cent false-positive rate, the median observed detection rate was 50 per cent (range 36-64 per cent) and the median predicted detection rate was 37 per cent (range 21-62 per cent). We infer that the assays that only detect beta-core fragment, or beta-core fragment with minor free beta-subunit cross-reactivity (types a and b), are the better urine-based tests for Down syndrome screening.
Power electronic circuitry for energy harvesting backpack (2009)

This paper presents a power electronic circuit used to extract usable electrical power from a backpack-based energy harvesting system. The rectified output of a generator is connected to a SEPIC converter which emulates a resistive load, resulting in efficient energy conversion. The harvested energy is stored in ultracapacitors, where it is then used to charge electrochemical batteries and/or power an electronic load. A switchable resistive load is engaged to dissipate any excess electrical power that cannot be used or stored. As shown in experimental results presented in this paper, 16 W of usable electric power is harvested under conditions representative of human walking.
<title>Infrared Transparent Glasses Derived From Hafnium Fluoride</title> (1981)

A new family of glasses derived from hafnium fluoride (HfF4), barium fluoride (BaF2), and various rare earth fluorides has been studied. The spectral and thermal properties are given, as well as hardness, rupture strength, and coefficients of expansion. Reactive atmosphere processing (RAP) of the individual components and the molten glass with anhydrous CF4, BF3, HF and CC14 are described. RAP eliminates anionic impurities such as 0H- and 0= which enter the condensed phase through hydrolysis during the melting and mixing stages of preparation. Elimination of these impurities through RAP maximizes IR transparency and mechanical strength. The glasses are resistant to room temperature hydrolysis, are hard and strong, and are continuously transparent from 0.2 μm to 9 μm.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.