gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<scp>l</scp>‐Arginine dilates rat pial arterioles by nitric oxide‐dependent mechanisms and increases blood flow during focal cerebral ischaemia (1992)

L-Arginine (> or = 30 mg kg-1, i.v.), but not D-arginine (300 mg kg-1) administered 5 min after unilateral common carotid/middle cerebral artery occlusion increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) within the dorsolateral ischaemic cortex in spontaneously hypertensive rats. L-Arginine (300 mg kg-1) increased rCBF from 22 +/- 2.7 to 33 +/- 4% of baseline as measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. This increase may explain the ability of L-arginine to reduce infarct size following focal cerebral ischaemia, as reported previously. The mechanism appears to be mediated by nitric oxide since topical L-NAME (1 microM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, decreased pial arteriole calibre from 115 +/- 2.2 to 106 +/- 0.9% of baseline following L-arginine infusion (300 mg kg-1).
Molecular Characterization of Human Retinal Progenitor Cells (2009)

Fetal-derived hRPCs show molecular characteristics indicative of a retinal progenitor state up to P6 (latest passage studied). They show a progressive decrease in the expression of immature markers as they reach P6. These cells are functional, respond to excitatory neurotransmitters, and exhibit changes in expression patterns in response to co-culture with mouse retina.
Structural Basis of Ordered Binding of Donor and Acceptor Substrates to the Retaining Glycosyltransferase, α-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (2002)

Bovine alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha3GT) catalyzes the synthesis of the alpha-galactose (alpha-Gal) epitope, the target of natural human antibodies. It represents a family of enzymes, including the histo blood group A and B transferases, that catalyze retaining glycosyltransfer reactions of unknown mechanism. An initial study of alpha3GT in a crystal form with limited resolution and considerable disorder suggested the possible formation of a beta-galactosyl-enzyme covalent intermediate (Gastinel, L. N., Bignon, C., Misra, A. K., Hindsgaul, O., Shaper, J. H., and Joziasse, D. H. (2001) EMBO J. 20, 638-649). Highly ordered structures are described for complexes of alpha3GT with donor substrate, UDP-galactose, UDP- glucose, and two acceptor substrates, lactose and N-acetyllactosamine, at resolutions up to 1.46 A. Structural and calorimetric binding studies suggest an obligatory ordered binding of donor and acceptor substrates, linked to a donor substrate-induced conformational change, and the direct participation of UDP in acceptor binding. The monosaccharide-UDP bond is cleaved in the structures containing UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose, producing non-covalent complexes containing buried beta-galactose and alpha-glucose. The location of these monosaccharides and molecular modeling suggest that binding of a distorted conformation of UDP-galactose may be important in the catalytic mechanism of alpha3GT.
Purification and inhibition of spinach .alpha.,.beta.-dihydroxyacid dehydratase (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and inhibition of spinach .alpha.,.beta.-dihydroxyacid dehydrataseMichael C. Pirrung, Hyun Joon Ha, and Christopher P. HolmesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 7, 1543–1548Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00268a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00268a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Cascade Approach to Extracting Medication Events (2009)

Information Extraction, from the electronic clinical record is a comparatively new topic for computational linguists. In order to utilize the records to improve the efficiency and quality of health care, the knowledge content should be automatically encoded; however this poses a number of challenges for Natural Language Processing (NLP). In this paper, we present a cascade approach to discover the medicationrelated information (MEDICATION, DOSAGE, MODE, FREQUENCY, DURATION, REASON, and CONTEXT) from narrative patient records. The prototype of this system was used to participate the i2b2 2009 medication extraction challenge. The results show better than 90% accuracy on 5 out of 7 entities used in the study. 1
8th International conference on electronic spectroscopy and structure (2001)

Gathering from 33 countries around the world, 408 registrants and a number of local drop-in participants descended on the Clark Kerr Campus of the University of California, Berkeley, from Monday, August 7 through Saturday, August 12, 2000 for the Eighth International Conference on Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy (ICESS8). At the conference, participants benefited from an extensive scientific program comprising more than 100 oral presentations (plenary lectures and invited and contributed talks) and 330 poster presentations, as well as ample time for socializing and a tour of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at the nearby Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
GNSS/Onboard Inertial Sensor Integration With the Aid of 3-D Building Map for Lane-Level Vehicle Self-Localization in Urban Canyon (2015)

Lane-level vehicle self-localization is a challenging and significant issue arising in autonomous driving and driver-assistance systems. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and onboard inertial sensor integration are among the solutions for vehicle self-localization. However, as the main source in the integration, GNSS positioning performance is severely degraded in urban canyons because of the effects of multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagations. These GNSS positioning errors also decrease the performance of the integration. To reduce the negative effects caused by GNSS positioning error, this paper proposes to employ an innovative GNSS positioning technique with the aid of a 3-D building map in the integration. The GNSS positioning result is used as an observation, and this is integrated with the information from the onboard inertial sensor and vehicle speedometer in a Kalman filter framework. To achieve stable performance, this paper proposes to evaluate and consider the accuracy of the employed GNSS positioning method in dynamic integration. A series of experiments in different scenarios is conducted in an urban canyon, which can demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using various evaluation and comparison processes.
Islet Transplantation in Rodents (1990)

Die Inzidenz an Typ I oder insulinpflichtigem Diabetes (IDDM) nimmt gegenwärtig in den westlichen Ländern, besonders in Finnland und dem übrigen Skandinavien, dramatisch zu. Diabetes ist vermutlich die am weitesten verbreitete schwere Erkrankung des Kindes und Heranwachsenden. In der Bundesrepublik wird etwa eines von 2500 Kindern unter 15 Jahren von Diabetes befallen und in der Regel benötigt der Patient ab dem Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung eine kontinuierliche Therapie für den Rest Scines Lebens. Insulininjektionen können den Tod an akuten Stoffwechselentgleisungen verhindern. Sie vermögen aber langfristig nicht, das Auftreten von diabetischen Sekundärkomplikationen zu verhindern, die schließlich beim größten Teil der Patienten zu körperlicher Behinderung und Tod führen. Theoretisch kann ein Ersatz des erkrankten endokrinen Gewebes durch eine Transplantation einen Typ I-Diabetes heilen und vielleicht die Organfolgeschäden verhindern oder eingetretene Schäden gar noch zurückbilden. Unsere Untersuchungen wurden an fünf verschiedenen Diabetesmodellen bei Nagern durchgeführt. Besonderes Interesse galt dabei den Stoff-wechseleffekten einer Inseltransplantation, dem optimalen Implantationsort für Inseln, der Konservierung und Langzeitlagerung von isoliertem Inselgewebe, Auswirkungen einer Inseltransplantation auf die verschiedenen Sekundärkom-plikationen und auf das Empfängerpankreas, der Verhinderung einer homologen und heterologen Inseltransplantatabstoßung, dem Wiederauftreten eines Autoim-mundiabetes nach Inseltransplantation, Untersuchungen zur Ausbeute und Viabilität von aus dem Pankreas höherer Säuger und des Menschen gewonnenen Inselpräparationen und den Möglichkeiten einer Inseltransplantation bei einem Typ II-Diabetes. Die in unserer Arbeitsgruppe in den vergangenen fünf bis zehn Jahren hinzugewonnene Erfahrung bestärkt uns, an die Zukunft einer klinischen Inseltransplantation bei Diabetikern zu glauben.
Low-Noise Fractional-N PLL With a High-Precision Phase Control in the Phase Synchronization of Multichips (2018)

This letter presents a low noise fractional-N phaselocked loop (PLL) with a high-precision phase control. The resistors in loop filter and the current in the charge pump can be adjusted to achieve a reconfigurable loop bandwidth. A method to adjust the phase of the fractional-N PLL with high precision is proposed, which can be applied in the phase synchronization of multichips. The function of a high-accuracy phase control is added to the proposed sigma-delta modulator without adjusting the frequency division ratio. The prototype chip was fabricated using a 0.18-μm CMOS process with an active area of 1.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . With a 1.8-V power supply, a reference frequency of 19.2 MHz, and a 2-GHz output radio frequency clock, this prototype achieves phase noise -122 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz while drawing 11.3 mW.
Differentiator based sensing circuit for efficient noise suppression of projected mutual-capacitance touch screens (2016)

This paper presents a new technique to improve noise immunity of the RX sensing circuit of mutual-capacitance large touch screen panel (TSP). A differentiator circuit is incorporated to effectively suppress the high frequency noise. The proposed architecture provides low-pass and high-pass filter functions to reduce the noise and improve SNR. It uses square wave as a driving signal and integrates the output signal after filtering out the noise. The sensing circuit is small enough so that we can duplicate it to achieve target frame scan rate. We implemented the proposed technique using a 65 nm CMOS process and evaluated its operations in response to various touch events. The experimental results shows that the proposed technique improves the SNR of TSP by 9.5 dB compared to the conventional integrator based sensing circuits. We show that the design consumes 2.7 mA per each sensing circuit with supply voltage of 1.2 V.
Can we prevent drug related deaths by training opioid users to recognise and manage overdoses? (2009)

Our findings confirm that training of drug users constitutes a valuable resource in the management of opiate overdoses and growth of peer interventions that may not otherwise be recognised or addressed. Obstacles have been identified at individual (transportability, stigma) and at a systems level (police involvement, prescription laws). Training individuals does not seem to be sufficient for these programmes to succeed and a coherent implementation model is necessary.
LEO to ground optical communications from a small satellite platform (2015)

A pair of 2.2 kg CubeSats using COTS hardware is being developed for a proof-of-principle optical communications demo from a 450-600 km LEO orbit to ground. The 10x10x15 cm platform incorporates a 25% wall-plug efficient 10-W Yb fiber transmitter emitting at 1.06 μm. Since there are no gimbals on board, the entire spacecraft is body-steered toward the ground station. The pointing accuracy of the LEO craft, which governs the data rate capability, is expected to be ~ 0.1-0.2 deg. Two optical ground stations, located at the Mt. Wilson observatory, have receiver apertures of 30 and 80 cm. Launch of the CubeSat pair is anticipated to be mid to late 2015.
Cytokine-Related Genotypic Differences in Peak Interleukin-6 Blood Levels of Patients with SIRS and Septic Complications (2005)

Carriers of less frequent alleles in IL-1-related polymorphisms appear to have significant vulnerability to production of excessive IL-6 blood levels and to deterioration in septic shock.
Thermal Neutron Imaging in an Active Interrogation Environment (2009)

We have developed a thermal‐neutron coded‐aperture imager that reveals the locations of hydrogenous materials from which thermal neutrons are being emitted. This imaging detector can be combined with an accelerator to form an active interrogation system in which fast neutrons are produced in a heavy metal target by means of excitation by high energy photons. The photo‐induced neutrons can be either prompt or delayed, depending on whether neutron‐emitting fission products are generated. Provided that there are hydrogenous materials close to the target, some of the photo‐induced neutrons slow down and emerge from the surface at thermal energies. These neutrons can be used to create images that show the location and shape of the thermalizing materials. Analysis of the temporal response of the neutron flux provides information about delayed neutrons from induced fission if there are fissionable materials in the target. The combination of imaging and time‐of‐flight discrimination helps to improve the signal‐to‐background ratio. It is also possible to interrogate the target with neutrons, for example using a D‐T generator. In this case, an image can be obtained from hydrogenous material in a target without the presence of heavy metal. In addition, if fissionable material is present in the target, probing with fast neutrons can stimulate delayed neutrons from fission, and the imager can detect and locate the object of interest, using appropriate time gating. Operation of this sensitive detection equipment in the vicinity of an accelerator presents a number of challenges, because the accelerator emits electromagnetic interference as well as stray ionizing radiation, which can mask the signals of interest.
Alkoxysulfonate-Functionalized PEDOT Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films:  Electrochromic and Hole Transport Materials (2005)

Water-soluble poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl-methoxy)-1-butanesulfonic acid (PEDOT-S) has been synthesized both chemically and electrochemically, and the properties of the resultant films have been examined and compared. In particular, it was found that PEDOT-S, deposited in conjunction with poly(allylamine hyrochloride) PAH in the form of polyelectrolyte multilayer (L-B-L) films of PEDOTS/PAH, possesses highly advantageous properties that allow for applications involving aqueous-based electrolytes. Electrochemically prepared films of PEDOT-S and L-B-L prepared films of PEDOT-S/PAH were characterized by electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and colorimetric methods illustrating reversible redox states at −0.2 and +0.2 V, respectively (vs Ag/Ag+ in organic media), which resulted in distinctive color changes between light blue (oxidized) and purple/pink (neutral). The change in color states was evident by a change in the electronic absorbance in the 500 nm region (neutral state) which was transferred to the near-IR absorption >800 nm (oxidized state). The phenomena of “acid doping” in aqueous and organic media was also investigated spectroscopically and found to result in a reversible color change accompanied by a relatively small changes in conductivity between 2 × 10-4 S/cm (oxidized) and 7.1 × 10-5 S/cm (neutral) when films were deposited on glass. In all cases, PEDOT-S/PAH exhibited superior and more reproducible electrochemical properties relative to electrochemically formed films that were tested for possible application in electrochromic devices and as the hole transport layer of OLEDs. It was found that PEDOT-S/PAH displays comparable properties to spin-coated PEDOT:PSS as a hole injecting layer in NIR emitting PLEDs.
Lactone, 11. Mitt. Synthese von 4.9‐Dihydropyrano[3.4‐<i>b</i>]indol‐1(3<i>H</i>)‐onen aus α‐Ethoxalyl‐γ‐lactonen (1987)

Abstract Nach Öffnung und Decarboxylierung der α‐Ethoxalyl‐γ‐lactone 1a‐d können durch Umsetzung mit Phenylhydrazinen die Hydrazone 4a‐l und daraus Indololactone des Typs 5 hergestellt werden. Überträgt man die Reaktionsfolge auf die analogen δ‐Lactone 6 und 10 , so gelingt die Indolsynthese, nicht jedoch der Lacton‐Ringschluß.
Akt-Dependent T198 Phosphorylation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27<sup>kip1</sup>in Breast Cancer (2004)

The localization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) is dependent on the phosphorylation of one of three key amino acid residues: S10, T157 and T198. However, it was unclear whether endogenous p27(kip1) is phosphorylated at T198 in the living cell. In the present work we describe the generation and characterization of a polyclonal antibody able to recognize recombinant, transfected as well as endogenous T198-phosphorylated p27(kip1). Using this antibody, we demonstrate that: (1) endogenous p27(kip1) is phosphorylated at T198 in 4 breast cancer cells lines (MCF7, MDA-MB231, MDA- MB436 and MDA-MB468); (2) T198 phosphorylation is increased in breast cancer cells compared with normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC); (3) T198-phosphorylated p27(kip1) is exclusively cytoplasmic; (4) T198 phosphorylation is dependent on the activity of the PI3K-PKB/Akt pathway, being it drastically reduced by the pharmacological PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or stimulated by the constitutive activation of PKB/Akt. Finally, in primary human breast carcinomas, cytoplasmic accumulation of T198-phosphorylated p27(kip1) parallels Akt activation. We conclude that in breast cancer cells p27(kip1) is phosphorylated at T198 in a PI3K/Akt dependent manner and that this phosphorylation may contribute to p27(kip1) cytoplasmic mislocalization observed in breast cancer.
Adjunct Wh-in-situ and the Nominal Island (2000)

The island effects observed with adjunct wh-in-situ in languages such as Chinese and Japanese have been attributed to the Empty Calegory Principle (ECP).This paper reexamines the distribution of adjunct whom-situ from a slightly different perspective.Along this line, the ECP is argued to be inadequare in accounting for the distribution of adjunct wh-in-situ, which is a welcome move for the Minimalist Program , which attempts to dispense with the ECP altogether.d.
Implementing B2B contracts using BizTalk (2005)

We describe our work in implementing business-to-business (B2B) contracts using Microsoft's BizTalk. BizTalk is a Microsoft product for the development of XML based document messaging systems specifically for e-commerce. We have developed a B2B enterprise model that supports a wide range of economic transactions associated with intangible goods and services. This model guides implementation of our business contract architecture software. The model identifies specific roles such as a repository for contract schemas and instances, auditor, monitor and enforcer. A contract scenario is used to illustrate the architecture and concepts described. We go into detail on the BizTalk implementation of contracts and show how a contract can be used as the basis for policies and plans that govern the behavior of the parties involved in the contract.
Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials: v. 1: Physical Characteristics and Mechanical Properties (2020)

This collection of essays by both Western and East European experts examines the efforts to develop strategies for dealing with the environmental crisis both by governments and at the grassroots level of newly emerging green movements.
Network architecture of the long-distance pathways in the macaque brain (2010)

Understanding the network structure of white matter communication pathways is essential for unraveling the mysteries of the brain's function, organization, and evolution. To this end, we derive a unique network incorporating 410 anatomical tracing studies of the macaque brain from the Collation of Connectivity data on the Macaque brain (CoCoMac) neuroinformatic database. Our network consists of 383 hierarchically organized regions spanning cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia; models the presence of 6,602 directed long-distance connections; is three times larger than any previously derived brain network; and contains subnetworks corresponding to classic corticocortical, corticosubcortical, and subcortico-subcortical fiber systems. We found that the empirical degree distribution of the network is consistent with the hypothesis of the maximum entropy exponential distribution and discovered two remarkable bridges between the brain's structure and function via network-theoretical analysis. First, prefrontal cortex contains a disproportionate share of topologically central regions. Second, there exists a tightly integrated core circuit, spanning parts of premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, thalamus, basal ganglia, cingulate cortex, insula, and visual cortex, that includes much of the task-positive and task-negative networks and might play a special role in higher cognition and consciousness.