gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning and literacy for the future (2014)

In this article, June Wall and Karen Bonanno provide an introduction to the research base behind the need for students and teachers to develop new learning skills, formerly known as 21st century learning skills. An outcome of this research has been the recognition of the need for teachers to upskill in these new areas. It presents the argument for, and research about, the new skills. It will be followed up with a second article on how a capacity building toolkit may be implemented in schools.
Polyanthraquinone as a Reliable Organic Electrode for Stable and Fast Lithium Storage (2015)

In spite of recent progress, there is still a lack of reliable organic electrodes for Li storage with high comprehensive performance, especially in terms of long-term cycling stability. Herein, we report an ideal polymer electrode based on anthraquinone, namely, polyanthraquinone (PAQ), or specifically, poly(1,4-anthraquinone) (P14AQ) and poly(1,5-anthraquinone) (P15AQ). As a lithium-storage cathode, P14AQ showed exceptional performance, including reversible capacity almost equal to the theoretical value (260 mA h g(-1); >257 mA h g(-1) for AQ), a very small voltage gap between the charge and discharge curves (2.18-2.14=0.04 V), stable cycling performance (99.4% capacity retention after 1000 cycles), and fast-discharge/charge ability (release of 69% of the low-rate capacity or 64% of the energy in just 2 min). Exploration of the structure-performance relationship between P14AQ and related materials also provided us with deeper understanding for the design of organic electrodes.
다양성 수용과 혁신행동의 관계: 상사의 친화태도를 조절변수로 (2021)

Purpose: We want to look at how the degree of diversity acceptance perceived by members of an organization affects the ability to change and innovation behaviors that are indispensable to today''s corporate competitiveness. In particular, it was intended to verify how the acceptance of diversity (social category, information, and value) perceived by employees of export firms affects employees'' innovation behaviors. In addition, we tried to verify how diversity- friendly attitudes of boss play a role in the relationship between perceived diversity sensitivity by employees of exporters and innovation behaviors of members.
Research design, data, and methodology: 272 questionnaires were collected from employees working in export companies and 253 were finally used for actual analysis except 19 which lacked value such as centralization tendency, omission, and insincere response. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted respectively.
Results: We found that social category, information and value diversity sensitivity has a positive effect on innovative behavior. We confirmed that the diversity acceptance of employee was very closely related to their innovative behavior. In addition, we confirmed that the supervisor’s diversity-friendly attitude plays a meaningful moderating role between accepting social category diversity and innovative behavior.
Implications: Companies that emphasize employees’ innovative behavior in the future need to make various efforts to make them recognize diversity positive. First of all, firms need to create an atmosphere in which all organizational members can understand and recognize the need and importance of diversity that has recently emerged significantly in our society. Companies have organizational culture with a lack of basic understanding and respect for diversity require systematic education and training. And, it is very important to hire applicants with a high degree of perceived diversity sensitivity in the recruitment and selection process. In effect, various HR institutions and policies related to perceived diversity sensitivity provide practitioners with a good starting point to improve employees’ innovative behavior.
Optimization of fast-fashion apparel transshipment among retailers (2014)

This paper studies the fast-fashion apparel transshipment problem (FATP) among allied retailers. The FATP belongs to the category of practical many–to–many transportation models and has distinct features: the flow out of and the flow into a retailer are restricted by the estimated sales volume in the next time period, the shortage of stock and excess stock for fast-fashion apparel sales all yield penalty costs and the alliance aims to maximize the profit for the retailers as a whole. Therefore, developing an optimal transshipment solution method is important for the alliance. This paper devises mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models for the FATP. The stock levels, the estimated distribution of sales for the next decision period, the unit penalty costs for a shortage of stock or excess stock and the unit cost of transshipment are parameters that control the flows among retailers. A decision-support system (DSS) was designed based on the model for transshipment management. Experiments were performed to demonstrate the transshipment solutions and reveal the effects of parameters on the solutions for a real-world case. Some tuning methods are designed to assist the decisions of the retailer alliance. The FATP is addressed for fast-fashion apparel sales in the context of an alliance for alleviating the risk of dead stock; the FATP is also a new transportation problem with uncertain supply and demand. The proposed method is a theoretical basis for designing a practical DSS for allied fast-fashion apparel retailers.
Use of PV circuit simulation for fault detection in PV array fields (2002)

Faults in PV array fields do not only affect the performance and services of the plant but may also lead to critical and detrimental situations. Although such faults change the electrical characteristics of the PV system, usually, they are not easily observed. Causes are the uncertainty of overall efficiency values, the limited number of measured operation data, and the lack of precise reference values, especially. A procedure for the detection of solar cell array faults is proposed, comparing actual to expected electrical parameters; accurate reference data being computed by a detailed PV circuit simulation program. Since the program delivers the whole IV curve, not only the maximum power point values can be checked but actual voltage and current under any operating conditions. An analysis of all faults, which may occur in PV fields, has been carried out for the development of comparison rules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Progressive Demyelination and Reparative Phenomena in Chronic Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (1975)

Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), produced in inbred guinea pigs given a single inoculation during the juvenile period with isologous spinal cord in complete Freund's adjuvant, has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Most animals showed a delayed onset of nurologic signs from 12 to 68 weeks post-inoculation (PI), while several were asymptomatic up to 74 weeks PI. Two animals showed a relapsing clinical course. Examination of the spinal cords of all animals revealed chronic demyelination, remyelination, and recent demyelination. Marked perivascular inflammation, including plasma cells, was seen within demyelinated plaques. The usual type of central nervous system (CNS) remyelination was documented but in addition, remyelination of CNS axons by invading Schwann cells was noted. This Schwann cell invasion, not previously seen in EAE, was predominantly in the area of the root entry zone, and occasionally involved extensive areas of the dorsal or ventral horns. The extent of Schwann cell invasion, as well as the usual CNS-type remyelination, demonstrates the reparative capacity of the CNS. The recurrent clinical and morphologic changes in these long-term animals provides further evidence that this model of chronic EAE has many features reminiscent of multiple sclerosis. The underlying immunologic mechanisms responsible for the recurrent disease in these animals are unknown. The presence of plasma cells in the inflammatory exudates might suggest a role for B cells in these chronic animals. The possibility of an intermittent release of loculated adjuvant/antigen accounting for the recurrent disease was considered.
Memory window of Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/CeO2/SiO2/Si structure for metal ferroelectric insulator semiconductor field effect transistor (1997)

We have proposed a Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/CeO2/SiO2/Si structure for a ferroelectric gate of metal ferroelectric insulator field effect transistor. A memory window of the proposed ferroelectric gate increases as electric field applied to the SrBi2Ta2O9 layer increases, and the memory window of Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/CeO2/SiO2/Si is relatively greater than that of Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/SiO2/Si. As a result, the Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9(140 nm)/CeO2(25 nm)/SiO2/Si structure has sufficiently programmable memory windows from 0.9 to 2.5 V in the low gate voltage range of 4–7 V.
Intracavitary treatment of malignant ascitic carcinomatosis with oily anticancer agents in rats. (1993)

The anticancer effects and pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal (ip) injection were determined for doxorubicin (DOX) dissolved in a lymphographic oily contrast medium, Lipiodol Ultrafluid (Lipiodol) (DOX/Lipiodol), using AH 130 ascitic tumor in rats. A high percentage (50%) of long-term survivors (cure) was observed with only a single ip injection of the DOX/Lipiodol on the seventh day after tumor inoculation, by which time the tumor ascites accumulated to a level similar to that seen clinically. The cure rate of this lipid formulation was much better than that for DOX dissolved in saline (DOX/saline) (17%). An immunopotentiating agent, Picibanil, given in 1 KE (clinical unit) or 5 KE doses was no better than the saline group, indicating that the above effect was not a result of immunopotentiation by Lipiodol. The severity of toxic side effects of DOX was also reduced by lipid solubilization. Pharmacokinetic study showed that DOX/saline was absorbed rapidly into the blood stream from the peritoneal cavity, whereas DOX/Lipiodol was retained in the ascites at a higher concentration for a much longer time. Thus the present results suggest that lipid formulations of anticancer agents have augmented therapeutic efficacy by intracavitary injection. The lipid formulations show increased stability in and prolonged slow release from the lipid milieu. Thus this therapeutic tactic of using oily anticancer agents appears to be promising for the control of pleural and peritoneal carcinomatoses.
<title>Numerical modeling and experimental studies of light pulse propagation in inhomogeneous random media</title> (1993)

The effects of discrete absorbing and scattering objects on light propagation characteristics in random media were examined. Light propagation in the inhomogeneous medium was modeled using a finite difference representation of the time-dependent diffusion equation. Time- resolved experiments were conducted in brain-simulating phantoms containing objects of various sizes and optical properties. The validity of the model was assessed by comparing the experimental pulse to that predicted by the model.
Relations Between Circulatory and Metabolic Changes in Sepsis (1981)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Long‐term (12‐month) improvement in meibomian gland function and reduced dry eye symptoms with a single thermal pulsation treatment (2012)

A single 12-min treatment with the Lipi Flow Thermal Pulsation System offers an effective treatment for evaporative dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction resulting in significant and sustained improvement in signs and symptoms for up to 1 year.
Acoustic monitoring in terrestrial environments using microphone arrays: applications, technological considerations and prospectus (2011)

1. Animals produce sounds for diverse biological functions such as defending territories, attracting mates, deterring predators, navigation, finding food and maintaining contact with members of their social group. Biologists can take advantage of these acoustic behaviours to gain valuable insights into the spatial and temporal scales over which individuals and populations interact. Advances in bioacoustic technology, including the development of autonomous cabled and wireless recording arrays, permit data collection at multiple locations over time. These systems are transforming the way we study individuals and populations of animals and are leading to significant advances in our understandings of the complex interactions between animals and their habitats. 2. Here, we review questions that can be addressed using bioacoustic approaches, by providing a primer on technologies and approaches used to study animals at multiple organizational levels by ecologists, behaviourists and conservation biologists. 3. Spatially dispersed groups of microphones (arrays) enable users to study signal directionality on a small scale or to locate animals and track their movements on a larger scale. 4. Advances in algorithm development can allow users to discriminate among species, sexes, age groups and individuals. 5. With such technology, users can remotely and non-invasively survey populations, describe the soundscape, quantify anthropogenic noise, study species interactions, gain new insights into the social dynamics of sound-producing animals and track the effects of factors such as climate change and habitat fragmentation on phenology and biodiversity. 6. There remain many challenges in the use of acoustic monitoring, including the difficulties in performing signal recognition across taxa. The bioacoustics community should focus on developing a common framework for signal recognition that allows for various species' data to be analysed by any recognition system supporting a set of common standards. 7. Synthesis and applications. Microphone arrays are increasingly used to remotely monitor acoustically active animals. We provide examples from a variety of taxa where acoustic arrays have been used for ecological, behavioural and conservation studies. We discuss the technologies used, the methodologies for automating signal recognition and some of the remaining challenges. We also make recommendations for using this technology to aid in wildlife management. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology © 2011 British Ecological Society.
Clutter reduction in echocardiography with short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging (2012)

Clutter, a problematic noise artifact in echocardiography, appears as a diffuse haze that obscures endocardial borders and inhibits accurate diagnoses. Several approaches are available to reduce clutter in cardiac images, yet difficult-to-image patients still exist. We have recently developed a novel imaging method, termed short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging, that has demonstrated potential to reduce clutter in simulated and experimental data. With this technique, images are created from the same individual channel signals used to form B-mode images, but instead of applying a conventional delay-and-sum beamformer, the data are cross-correlated to measure and display differences in spatial coherence. This technique was applied to in vivo cardiac images. Individual channel signals were acquired to form matched B-mode and SLSC images of the left ventricle in fourteen human volunteers. The contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the ventricle and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the endocardium were measured in the same locations in matched B-mode and SLSC images. In SLSC images created with a short-lag value equivalent to 16% of the transmit aperture, contrast and CNR was improved by 9±7 dB and 0.4±0.2, respectively, in the SLSC images. The average SNR of the endocardium was 1.7±0.4 in the SLSC images and 1.8±0.4 in the B-mode images. The presented approach demonstrates a new method for reducing clutter in cardiac images.
Synthesis and properties of fluorenyl–pyridinyl alternatingcopolymers for light‐emitting diodes (2013)

A novel series of well‐defined alternating poly[2,7‐(9,9‐di(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorenyl)‐ alt ‐pyridinyl] ( PDEHFP ) copolymers were synthesized using palladium(0)‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction in high yields. These polymers were characterized using 1 H NMR , UV ‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography, thermal analysis and cyclic voltammetry. The optical properties of the copolymers, including photoluminescence ( PL ) and electroluminescence ( EL ), were studied. The difference in linkage position of pyridinyl units in the polymer backbone has significant effects on the electronic and optical properties of polymers in solution and in film state. Meta ‐linkage (3,5‐ and 2,6‐linkage) of pyridinyl units in the polymer backbone is more favorable for pure blue emission and prevention of aggregation of polymer chains. PDEHFPs with 2,6‐ and 3,5‐linkage of pyridinyl units have relatively high PL efficiency of 37 and 44% in the film state. In comparison with homopolymer PDEHF , the copolymers with pyridinyl units possess low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels for easy electron injection from a cathode. Strong EL is observed and light‐emitting diodes ( LEDs ) exhibit typical rectifying characteristics. The emission intensity starts to increase at around 12 V. The emission peak wavelengths of the polymers roughly coincide with those of PL . This series of fluorene–pyridine‐based alternating copolymers seem to be candidates for polymeric LEDs . © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
PPL: PrimeLife Privacy Policy Engine (2011)

Web 2.0 introduces new breaches in the privacy protection of personal data. Most of the users of such Internet media are not aware about the risks of publishing personal information. These threats can lead to identity thefts, scams, and cyber criminal attacks. In this paper we propose a framework, based on a privacy policy language called PPL (Prime life Policy Language), in which every user can control his personal information by imposing access and usage control restrictions. Sticky policies are used in order to keep the trace ability of these privacy constrains when the data is travelling from a domain to another. In this paper we detail the demo that shows how the user can express his privacy preferences, how the servers will comply with the privacy constraints stated in the sticky policies and how the data is shared with third parties according to the user's whishes.
Computations of Film Cooling From Holes With Struts (1999)

Computations were performed to study the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer on a flat plate cooled by jets, injected from a plenum through one row of film-cooling holes in which each hole is fitted with a strut in the form of a circular cylinder. Three different configurations of the film-cooling hole were investigated: without strut, with streamwise strut, and with spanwise strut. For all configurations, the film-cooling holes are inclined at 35°, and the coolant-to-mainflow density and mass-flux ratios are 1.6 and 0.5, respectively. The focus of this study is to understand how struts in holes affect film cooling jets and their interactions with the mainflow in forming a protective layer of cooler fluid over the plate. This computational study is based on the ensemble-averaged conservation equations of mass, momentum (compressible Navier-Stokes), and energy. Effects of turbulence was modeled by a low Reynolds number k-ω closure known as the shear-stress-transport (SST) model. Solutions were generated by a cell-centered finite-volume method that uses third-order accurate flux-difference splitting of Roe with limiters, multigrid acceleration of a diagonalized ADI scheme with local time stepping, and patched/overlapped structured grids. In the computations, the flow is resolved not just in the cooling-jet/mainflow interaction region, but also inside the film-cooling holes and in the plenum. Computed results for adiabatic effectiveness for the case without struts were compared with experimental data, and reasonably good agreements were obtained.
Thrombospondins: Multifunctional Regulators of Cell Interactions (2001)

Thrombospondins are secreted, multidomain macromolecules that act as regulators of cell interactions in vertebrates. Gene knockout mice constructed for two members of this family demonstrate roles in the organization and homeostasis of multiple tissues, with particularly significant activities in the regulation of angiogenesis. This review discusses the functions of thrombospondins with regard to their cellular mechanisms of action and highlights recent advances in understanding how multifactorial molecular interactions, at the cell surface and within extracellular matrix, produce cell-type-specific effects on cell behavior and the organization of matrix and tissues.
Extrapolation-RELAX Estimator Based on Spectrum Partitioning for DOA Estimation of FMCW Radar (2019)

This paper proposes an extrapolation-RELAX estimator based on spectrum partitioning (SP) for the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. The FMCW radar employs fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based digital beamforming (DBF) for the DOA estimation owing to its low complexity and easy implementation. However, the DBF algorithm has a disadvantage of low angle resolution. To improve the angle resolution, super-resolution algorithms such as multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) are proposed. However, these algorithms require the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to meet the required performance. To overcome this drawback of super-resolution algorithms, the SP-based extrapolation method has been proposed. However, this algorithm still has the problem that the resolution performance degrades owing to the insufficient number of actual antenna arrays. To solve this problem, we propose the SP-based extrapolation-RELAX algorithm for DOA estimation of FMCW radar. Through extrapolation, the proposed structure solves the problem of insufficient number of arrays, resulting in high reliability of SP results. When the extrapolation algorithm is used to generate the input signal of the RELAX algorithm, the RELAX method improves the performance of the DOA estimation. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed estimation, we compare the Monte Carlo simulation and root-mean-square error results of the proposed and conventional algorithms. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm in practical conditions, experiments were performed using the FMCW radar module within a chamber and in an indoor environment.
The new future of scanning probe microscopy: Combining atomic force microscopy with other surface-sensitive techniques, optical microscopy and fluorescence techniques (2009)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is in its thirties and has become an invaluable tool for studying the micro- and nanoworlds. As a stand-alone, high-resolution imaging technique and force transducer, it defies most other surface instrumentation in ease of use, sensitivity and versatility. Still, the technique has limitations to overcome. A promising way is to integrate the atomic force microscope into hybrid devices, a combination of two or three complementary techniques in one instrument. In this way, a comprehensive description of molecular processes is at hand; morphological, (electro)chemical, mechanical and kinetic information are simultaneously obtained in one experiment. Hereby we review the recent efforts towards such development, describing the aim and the applications resulting from the combination of AFM with spectroscopic, optical, mechanical or electrochemical techniques. Interesting possibilities include using AFM to bring optical microscopies beyond the diffraction limit and also bestowing spectroscopic capabilities on the atomic force microscope.