gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An orally active anti‐apoptotic molecule (CGP 3466B) preserves mitochondria and enhances survival in an animal model of motoneuron disease (2000)

Apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be involved in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases. We have tested an orally active anti-apoptotic molecule (CGP 3466B) that binds to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in an animal model with motoneuron degeneration, i.e. a mouse mutant with progressive motor neuronopathy (pmn). In pmn/pmn mice, CGP 3466B was administered orally (10 - 100 nmol kg(-1)) at the onset of the clinical symptoms (2 weeks after birth). CGP 3466B slowed disease progression as determined by a 57% increase in life-span, preservation of body weight and motor performance. This improvement was accompanied by a decreased loss of motoneurons and motoneuron fibres as well as an increase in retrograde transport. Electron microscopic analysis showed that CGP 3466B protects mitochondria which appear to be selectively disrupted in the motoneurons of pmn/pmn mice. The data support evaluation of CGP 3466B as a potential treatment for motor neuron disease.
A Perceptually Inspired Variational Framework for Color Enhancement (2009)

Basic phenomenology of human color vision has been widely taken as an inspiration to devise explicit color correction algorithms. The behavior of these models in terms of significative image features (such as, e.g., contrast and dispersion) can be difficult to characterize. To cope with this, we propose to use a variational formulation of color contrast enhancement that is inspired by the basic phenomenology of color perception. In particular, we devise a set of basic requirements to be fulfilled by an energy to be considered as 'perceptually inspired', showing that there is an explicit class of functionals satisfying all of them. We single out three explicit functionals that we consider of basic interest, showing similarities and differences with existing models. The minima of such functionals is computed using a gradient descent approach. We also present a general methodology to reduce the computational cost of the algorithms under analysis from O(N2) to O(N logN), being N the number of pixels of the input image.
Separation of cross-relaxation and chemical exchange effects in magnetization transfer experiments: application to a trialkylaluminium-dialkylamine complex (2000)

In general, quantitative analysis of two-dimensional magnetization transfer experiments (e.g. NOESY) on labile molecular systems yields values for the differences between exchange rate coefficients and cross-relaxation rates (i.e. k–σ). Such a system is the diastereotopic methylene proton pair in the amine moiety of the triisobutylaluminium–diethylamine complex. It is shown how quantification of the 13C–1H dipole–dipole interaction may be used to estimate a value for the interproton cross-relaxation rate, σ, which after analysis of the NOESY spectra, gave a value for the pseudo-first-order exchange rate coefficient, k, of 0.97 s−1 at 300 K. Bandshape analysis of the spectra of the same complex in the presence of excess amine gave a pseudo-first-order rate coefficient, k = 128.6 s−1, which may be a true second-order rate coefficient kc = 1.3 × 103 mol−1 dm3 s−1. The possibility of a duality of mechanism is proposed for the exchange process, viz a unimolecular (cf. SN1) and a bimolecular (cf. SN2). Eyring analysis of the temperature dependence of the derived rate coefficient from the sample with excess amine gave values for the activation parameters of ΔH* = 22.4± 0.6 kJ mol−1 and ΔS* = −130 ± 3 J K−1 mol−1. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Herkunftsbestimmung von Arzneimitteln durch Messung von natürlichen Isotopenverhältnissen: D/H und <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C Verhältnisse einiger Proben von Diazepam / Determination of the Origin of Drugs by Measuring Natural Isotope Contents: D/H and <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C Ratios of Some Diazepam Samples (1976)

The precise determination of the natural isotopic abundance ratios of carbon and hydrogen in several production batches of the commercial product 7-chlor-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-on (diazepam) gave results which allowed certain batches to be differentiated. The differences in the ratios appear to be mainly due to differences in the isotopic composition of the (fossile) starting materials of the synthesis. The measurement of the natural isotopic ratios may therefore offer another possibility to determine the origin of a drug.
A robust classification scheme for detection of food intake through non-invasive monitoring of chewing (2012)

Automatic methods for food intake detection are needed to objectively monitor ingestive behavior of individuals in a free living environment. In this study, a pattern recognition system was developed for detection of food intake through the classification of jaw motion. A total of 7 subjects participated in laboratory experiments that involved several activities of daily living: talking, walking, reading, resting and food intake while being instrumented with a wearable jaw motion sensor. Inclusion of such activities provided a high variability to the sensor signal and thus challenged the classification task. A forward feature selection process decided on the most appropriate set of features to represent the chewing signal. Linear and RBF Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were evaluated to find the most suitable classifier that can generalize the high variability of the input signal. Results showed that an average accuracy of 90.52% can be obtained using Linear SVM with a time resolution of 15 sec.
Reversible transient hydrogen storage in a fuel cell–supercapacitor hybrid device (2012)

A new concept is investigated for hydrogen storage in a supercapacitor based on large-surface-area carbon material (Black Pearls 2000). Protons and electrons of hydrogen are separated on a fuel cell-type electrode and then stored separately in the electrical double layer, the electrons on the carbon and the protons in the aqueous electrolyte of the supercapacitor electrode. The merit of this concept is that it works spontaneously and reversibly near ambient pressure and temperature. This is in pronounced contrast to what has been known as electrochemical hydrogen storage, which does not involve hydrogen gas and where electrical work has to be spent in the loading process. With the present hybrid device, a H(2) storage capacity of 0.13 wt% was obtained, one order of magnitude more than what can be stored by conventional physisorption on large-surface-area carbons at the same pressure and temperature. Raising the pressure from 1.5 to 3.5 bar increased the capacity by less than 20%, indicating saturation. A capacitance of 11 μF cm(-2), comparable with that of a commercial double layer supercapacitor, was found using H(2)SO(4) as electrolyte. The chemical energy of the stored H(2) is almost a factor of 3 larger than the electrical energy stored in the supercapacitor. Further developments of this concept relate to a hydrogen buffer integrated inside a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to be used in case of peak power demand. This serial setup takes advantage of the suggested novel concept of hydrogen storage. It is fundamentally different from previous ways of operating a conventional supercapacitor hooked up in parallel to a fuel cell.
Micromechanical mixer and filters (1998)

A device comprised of interlinked micromechanical resonators with capacitive mixer transducers has been demonstrated to perform both low-loss frequency translation (i.e. mixing) and highly selective filtering of applied electrical input signals. In particular, successful down-conversion of radio frequency (RF) signals from 40-200 MHz and subsequent filtering at a 27 MHz intermediate frequency (IF) with less than 15 dB of combined mixing conversion and filter insertion loss is demonstrated using this single, micromechanical device. Mixing conversion gain/loss is shown to depend upon a ratio of local oscillator amplitude and applied bias voltages. A single-sideband (SSB) noise figure of 18 dB is achieved.
On the tip of my tongue (2014)

Mobile and wearable devices became pervasive in daily life. The dominant input techniques for mobile and wearable technology are touch and speech. Both approaches are not appropriate in all settings. Therefore, we propose a novel interface that is controlled through the tongue. It is based on an array of textile pressure sensors attached to the user's cheek. It can be easily integrated into helmets or face masks in a non-invasive way. In an initial study, we investigate gestures for tongue-based interface. Six participants repeatedly performed five simple tongue gestures. We show that gestures can be recognized with 98% accuracy. Based on feedback from participants, we discuss potential use cases and provide an outlook on further improvement of the system.
Surface characterization of plasma‐treated PTFE (1990)

Abstract PTFE was treated with oxygen and argon plasmas and the effects of treatment were evaluated by actinometry, SEM, XPS, static SIMS and contact angle measurements. At short treatment times for both plasmas and at long treatment times for argon plasmas, chemical modification of the surface was dominant, while at longer oxygen plasma treatment times, surfaces are deeply etched but chemically equivalent to untreated PTFE. Interestingly, the change in surface chemistry is paralleled by a simultaneous variation in plasma chemistry, suggesting that the two vary accordingly. The wetting behaviour of treated surfaces is interopreted on the basis of current theories on surface dynamics and contact angle hysteresis.
Effects of yaw and pitch motion on model attitude measurements (1995)

This report presents a theoretical analysis of the dynamic effects of angular motion in yaw and pitch on model attitude measurements in which inertial sensors were used during wind tunnel tests. A technique is developed to reduce the error caused by these effects. The analysis shows that a 20-to-1 reduction in model attitude measurement error caused by angular motion is possible with this technique.
Estimator variables and eyewitness testimony (2005)

Eyewitness testimony is often the most influential evidence that can be introduced in a legal proceeding. However, it is equally true that numerous variables can influence the witness's ability to accurately identify persons, remember events and provide reliable testimony. As many cases have been reported where people have been wrongfully convicted on the grounds of someone's eyewitness testimony, it is of the utmost importance that experts working in the crime and legal arena should always be well informed about new research and changing views in this field. The goal of this review article is therefore to provide the reader with the latest viewpoints and research findings in this regard. This is the first of two review articles on eyewitness testimony, this one concentrating on estimated variables, i.e. factors over which the criminal justice system exerts little or no control. The second article will focus on system variables, i.e. factors that are directly under the control of the criminal justice system.
Communication scheduling (2000)

The high arithmetic rates of media processing applications require architectures with tens to hundreds of functional units, multiple register files, and explicit interconnect between functional units and register files. Communication scheduling enables scheduling to these emerging architectures, including those that use shared buses and register file ports. Scheduling to these shared interconnect architectures is difficult because it requires simultaneously allocating functional units to operations and buses and register file ports to the communications between operations. Prior VLIW scheduling algorithms are limited to clustered register file architectures with no shared buses or register file ports. Communication scheduling extends the range of target architectures by making each communication explicit and decomposing it into three components: a write stub, zero or more copy operations, and a read stub. Communication scheduling allows media processing kernels to achieve 98% of the performance of a central register file architecture on a distributed register file architecture with only 9% of the area, 6% of the power consumption, and 37% of the access delay, and 120% of the performance of a clustered register file architecture on a distributed register file architecture with 56% of the area and 50% of the power consumption.
Effects of chirality on the intracellular localization of binuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (2012)

Interest in binuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes as luminescent cellular imaging agents and for biomedical applications is increasing rapidly. We have investigated the cellular localization, uptake, and biomolecular interactions of the pure enantiomers of two structural isomers of [μ-bipb(phen)(4)Ru(2)](4+) (bipb is bis(imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)benzene and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline) using confocal laser scanning microscopy, emission spectroscopy, and linear dichroism. Both complexes display distinct enantiomeric differences in the staining pattern of fixed cells, which are concluded to arise from chiral discrimination in the binding to intracellular components. Uptake of complexes in live cells is efficient and nontoxic at 5 μM, and occurs through an energy-dependent mechanism. No differences in uptake are observed between the structural isomers or the enantiomers, suggesting that the interactions triggering uptake are rather insensitive to structural variations. Altogether, these findings show that the complexes investigated are promising for future applications as cellular imaging probes. In addition, linear dichroism shows that the complexes exhibit DNA-condensing properties, making them interesting as potential gene delivery vectors.
SC quadrature mixer for IF bandpass sampling (2003)

A sampled-data quadrature mixer is proposed. The technique uses a single path from input to output and interleaves in time the in-phase and quadrature components. The requirement for good matching between the two paths is thus inherently relaxed. We show how the technique can be extended to allow for image rejection.
The Three-Dimensional Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Core of Cellobiohydrolase I from <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> (1994)

Cellulose is the major polysaccharide of plants where it plays a predominantly structural role. A variety of highly specialized microorganisms have evolved to produce enzymes that either synergistically or in complexes can carry out the complete hydrolysis of cellulose. The structure of the major cellobiohydrolase, CBHI, of the potent cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei has been determined and refined to 1.8 angstrom resolution. The molecule contains a 40 angstrom long active site tunnel that may account for many of the previously poorly understood macroscopic properties of the enzyme and its interaction with solid cellulose. The active site residues were identified by solving the structure of the enzyme complexed with an oligosaccharide, o-iodobenzyl-1-thio-beta-cellobioside. The three-dimensional structure is very similar to a family of bacterial beta-glucanases with the main-chain topology of the plant legume lectins.
Cloning and Characterization of Two Human VIP1-like Inositol Hexakisphosphate and Diphosphoinositol Pentakisphosphate Kinases (2007)

Eukaryotes possess numerous inositol phosphate (IP) and diphosphoinositol phosphate (PP-IPs or inositol pyrophosphates) species that act as chemical codes important for intracellular signaling pathways. Production of IP and PP-IP molecules occurs through several classes of evolutionarily conserved inositol phosphate kinases. Here we report the characterization of a human inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) and diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5 or IP7) kinase with similarity to the yeast enzyme Vip1, a recently identified IP6/IP7 kinase (Mulugu, S., Bai, W., Fridy, P. C., Bastidas, R. J., Otto, J. C., Dollins, D. E., Haystead, T. A., Ribeiro, A. A., and York, J. D. (2007) Science 316, 106-109). Recombinant human VIP1 exhibits in vitro IP6 and IP7 kinase activities and restores IP7 synthesis when expressed in mutant yeast. Expression of human VIP1 in HEK293T cells engineered to produce high levels of IP7 results in dramatic increases in bisdiphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate (PP2-IP4 or IP8). Northern blot analysis indicates that human VIP1 is expressed in a variety of tissues and is enriched in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. The subcellular distribution of tagged human VIP1 is indicative of a cytoplasmic non-membrane localization pattern. We also characterized human and mouse VIP2, an additional gene product with nearly 90% similarity to VIP1 in the kinase domain, and observed both IP6 and IP7 kinase activities. Our data demonstrate that human VIP1 and VIP2 function as IP6 and IP7 kinases that act along with the IP6K/Kcs1-class of kinases to convert IP6 to IP8 in mammalian cells, a process that has been found to occur in response to various stimuli and signaling events.
Management and control of CCSDS cross-support services (1990)

A candidate architecture for management and control of Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) services is presented. An operations concept is presented. Candidate management procedures and a management information base for the resources to be managed are suggested. This architecture is based on concepts of network management of computer and telecommunication networks which are under study by other international standards bodies such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee (CCITT).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Damage Assessment of Tunnel Lining by Mobile Laser Scanning: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Implementation Phase of FHWA SHRP 2 R06G Project (2017)

This paper presents the results of a nondestructive (NDT) laser scanner investigation that was conducted in one night by using the SPACETEC TS3 laser scanner in one tube of each of the Liberty and Armstrong Tunnels in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A portable seismic property analyzer (PSPA), a hand-held NDT ultrasonic seismic device, was used to investigate a 200-ft-long segment of the lining of the Liberty Tunnel, for which results are also presented. The investigation was complemented with a limited inspection with traditional techniques (e.g., hammer sounding, coring) to validate NDT findings. This work was funded by FHWA under the auspices of Round 4 of the Implementation Assistance Program of the SHRP 2 R06G project. Both technologies incorporated in this study were also used and reviewed in the original SHRP 2 R06G project. With the use of the SPACETEC TS3 scanner and the supporting suite of software, the study obtained high-resolution imagery, thermal imagery, and three-dimensional profiles for the full length of the tunnels. The deliverables included complete mapping and inventory of distresses and moisture intrusion behind the lining. In the Armstrong Tunnel, SPACETEC technology was successful at detecting cold anomalies (tile debonding, water intrusion, etc.). However, in the Liberty Tunnel, detection of debonding or delamination was less effective as a result of the insufficient temperature gradient at the time of scanning within this particular tunnel. The PSPA results correlated well with results obtained from traditional techniques. Areas with a lower seismic modulus correlated well with areas showing debonding or delamination. Areas of severe debonding were also clearly identified with the PSPA device.
Fiji norms and a cross-cultural clinical validation of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 20). (2003)

Norms are presented for the 20-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 20) that were obtained from a non-clinical group of the Fiji population. The data was required to give meaning to the results that had been obtained from a group of former hostages and the families of hostages that were still in custody. With the omission of two items, the outcome endorsed the robust psychometric properties of the instrument in terms of reliability and factor structure, and supported its use with quite a different cultural population from that for which originally it was designed. A validation study also showed expected differences between the normative group and the hostage group, with members of the hostage group classified after clinical interviews showing the most significant stress and receiving the highest scores on all four subscales as well as the full scale.
Comparison of the Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Naproxen Formulated as Plain Tablets, Enteric-Coated Tablets, Or Enteric-Coated Granules in Capsules (1989)

We studied the gastrointestinal side effects of three formulations of naproxen in 18 healthy male volunteers. In a Latin-square design crossover study, the subjects received 500 mg naproxen twice daily for 7 days as plain tablets, enteric-coated tablets, or enteric-coated granules in capsules. The 51Cr-EDTA absorption test was performed before and at the end of each drug period, to evaluate changes in the distal gut. The test dose was instilled distally in the duodenum to prevent lesions in the stomach from interfering with the evaluation. Upper endoscopy was performed at the same intervals, scoring changes in the middle and distal duodenum separately from findings in the stomach and duodenal bulb. The nature and severity of adverse effects were recorded for each treatment period. Non-parametric methods were used for statistical evaluation. All drugs induced a significant increase in 51Cr-EDTA absorption, but we did not detect any difference between the three formulations. All formulations were associated with a significant increase in all the endoscopic findings monitored. Enteric-coated tablets induced significantly less lesions than enteric-coated granules in the stomach and duodenal bulb, and an advantage over plain tablets was indicated. No difference was seen in the middle and distal duodenum. The proximal endoscopic scores were not correlated to those found in the middle and distal duodenum. Evaluation of the small and large bowel should probably be included in clinical studies of NSAIDs, but our findings suggest that the importance of transfer of mucosal lesions to the distal gut by enteric coating may have been overemphasized.