gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solitons for long-distance transmission (1991)

This tutorial describes ultralong distance transmission of solitons through a chain of erbium amplifiers and dispersion shifted fiber segments. In particular, it is shown how solitons are robust against reasonable fiber and other system defects, and how the transmission capacity is limited only by the effects of amplified spontaneous emission noise. Experimental verification, including measurement or error rates to less than 10 -9 at multi-Gbit/s rates over distances of 9000 km or greater, is described. It is also shown how single channel rates of 2.5 or 5 Gbit/s can be multiplied at least several times by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), or by a combination of WDM and polarization division multiplexing.
Mutations in <i>IDH1</i>, <i>IDH2</i>, and in the <i>TERT</i> promoter define clinically distinct subgroups of adult malignant gliomas (2014)

Frequent mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) and the promoter of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) represent two significant discoveries in glioma genomics. Understanding the degree to which these two mutations co-occur or occur exclusively of one another in glioma subtypes presents a unique opportunity to guide glioma classification and prognosis. We analyzed the relationship between overall survival (OS) and the presence of IDH1/2 and TERT promoter mutations in a panel of 473 adult gliomas. We hypothesized and show that genetic signatures capable of distinguishing among several types of gliomas could be established providing clinically relevant information that can serve as an adjunct to histopathological diagnosis. We found that mutations in the TERT promoter occurred in 74.2% of glioblastomas (GBM), but occurred in a minority of Grade II-III astrocytomas (18.2%). In contrast, IDH1/2 mutations were observed in 78.4% of Grade II-III astrocytomas, but were uncommon in primary GBM. In oligodendrogliomas, TERT promoter and IDH1/2 mutations co-occurred in 79% of cases. Patients whose Grade III-IV gliomas exhibit TERT promoter mutations alone predominately have primary GBMs associated with poor median OS (11.5 months). Patients whose Grade III-IV gliomas exhibit IDH1/2 mutations alone predominately have astrocytic morphologies and exhibit a median OS of 57 months while patients whose tumors exhibit both TERT promoter and IDH1/2 mutations predominately exhibit oligodendroglial morphologies and exhibit median OS of 125 months. Analyzing gliomas based on their genetic signatures allows for the stratification of these patients into distinct cohorts, with unique prognosis and survival.
Supporting seamless mobility in named data networking (2012)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architectures aim to replace current host-centric IP architecture with an information-centric one for efficient, secure, and reliable dissemination of information. ICN is built on several salient principles such as publish and subscribe paradigm, named content, innetwork caching, and security over atomic information objects. These features allow a data chunk to be cached and retrieved from multiple nodes in the network, and can be validated without building a connection with its host. Though these tenets simplify the mobility problem in ICN, seamless mobility for real-time applications still demands a control plane. We propose three cross-layer network-assisted seamless mobility schemes: (1) point of attachment based, (2) rendezvous point based, and (3) multicast based, with the overall design objective of minimizing the loss of interests and data during a handoff scenario. This paper describes these schemes in named data networking (NDN) framework and discusses their trade-offs in terms of control and forwarding plane requirements.
An indirect immunofluorescence assay using a cell culture-derived antigen for detection of antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (1997)

An indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of human antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was developed and standardized. Antigen was prepared from a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) infected with a tick-derived isolate of the HGE agent (USG3). Suitable antigen presentation and preservation of cellular morphology were obtained when infected cells were applied and cultured on the slide, excess medium was removed, and cells were fixed with acetone. Use of a buffer containing bovine serum albumin and goat serum reduced background fluorescence, and use of an immunoglobulin G (gamma-specific) conjugate reduced nonspecific binding. The assay readily detected specific antibody from HGE patients and did not detect antibody from healthy individuals. No significant reactivity was noted in sera from patients with high titers of antibodies to other rickettsial species. We were able to identify antibodies reactive to USG3 antigen in samples from areas where HGE is endemic that had tested negative to other rickettsial agents. Animal sera reactive against Ehrlichia equi or Ehrlichia phagocytophila bound to the HGE antigen, indicating that the assay may be useful for veterinary use. Comparability between two different laboratories was assessed by using coded human sera exchanged between laboratories. Results from the two laboratories were similar, indicating that the assay can be easily integrated into use for routine testing for HGE. The assay was then compared to an assay using horse neutrophils infected with ehrlichiae. The two assays gave comparable results, indicating that the cell culture-derived antigen can be used for testing samples that have been previously tested with E. equi as an antigen. The new assay offers several advantages over other immunofluorescence methods that use animal-derived antigen and is suitable for use in testing for human antibodies to the HGE agent.
Metallization of Printed Circuit Boards Using Conducting Polyaniline (1990)

Abstract A novel process using polyaniline for plating through hole technology has been developed. Polyaniline was dip-coated onto printed circuit boards and in turn acted as a thin conducting electrode for the electrolytic metallization of Cu on the through holes. This eliminates the necessity for expensive precious metal seeds and toxic electroless copper baths. This process offers simplification, cost reduction, and performance enhancement over current methods used in the industry. Spontaneous deposition of noble metals, e.g. Pd, Ag, occurred on polyaniline coated epoxy substrate by simply immersing the substrate in an aqueous solution containing the corresponding metal salt, e.g., CH3-C6H4-SO3Ag, PdCl2. The thin metallic layer so plated was then used as an electrode for subsequent electroplating of Cu.
Highly Angiogenic Peptide Nanofibers (2015)

Major limitations of current tissue regeneration approaches using artificial scaffolds are fibrous encapsulation, lack of host cellular infiltration, unwanted immune responses, surface degradation preceding biointegration, and artificial degradation byproducts. Specifically, for scaffolds larger than 200-500 μm, implants must be accompanied by host angiogenesis in order to provide adequate nutrient/waste exchange in the newly forming tissue. In the current work, we design a peptide-based self-assembling nanofibrous hydrogel containing cell-mediated degradation and proangiogenic moieties that specifically address these challenges. This hydrogel can be easily delivered by syringe, is rapidly infiltrated by cells of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin, and rapidly forms an extremely robust mature vascular network. Scaffolds show no signs of fibrous encapsulation and after 3 weeks are resorbed into the native tissue. These supramolecular assemblies may prove a vital paradigm for tissue regeneration and specifically for ischemic tissue disease.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 20(S)-Camptothecin Derivatives. A-Ring-Substituted 7-Ethylcamptothecins and Their E-Rig-Modified Water-Soluble Derivatives. (1994)

Twenty-six novel A-ring-modified 7-ethylcamptothecins (6) were synthesized by Friedländer's condensation of the chiral tricyclic ketone (5) with aminopropiophenones (4). The compounds substituted with fluorine at the 11 position showed strong cytotoxicity to KB and L1210 cells. The 11-fluoro derivatives also exhibited strong inhibitory activity on DNA topoisomerase I. Nine compounds 6 with four to ten times stronger cytotoxicity than that of camptothecin were selected and converted into water-soluble 17-O-acyl amide derivatives (8). Compounds 8e (10-Me, O-COCH2CH2SCH3) and 8f (11-F, O-COC2H5) showed activity towards Meth A in mice that was comparable to that of CPT-11, at lower doses than CPT-11.
A Biochemically-Engineered Molecular Communication System (2009)

Molecular communication uses molecules (i.e., chemical signals) as an information carrier and allows biologically- and artificially-created nano- or cell-scale entities to communicate over a short distance. It is a new communica- tion paradigm and is different from the traditional communication paradigm that uses electromagnetic waves (i.e., electronic and optical signals) as an in- formation carrier. Key research challenges in molecular communication include design of a sender, design of a molecular propagation system, design of a re- ceiver, design of a molecular communication interface, and mathematical mod- eling of molecular communication components and systems. This paper focuses on system design and experimental results of molecular communication and briefly refers to recent activities in molecular communication.
Equine arteritis virus-neutralizing antibody in the horse is induced by a determinant on the large envelope glycoprotein GL (1995)

Complementary DNAs encoding ORFs 2 to 7 equine arteritis virus (EAV) have been cloned into the expression vector pGEX to produce glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins. Recombinant proteins were affinity purified and screened in ELISA with equine sera to identify immunoreactive polypeptides. The large envelope glycoprotein (GL) was identified as the most reactive to EAV-positive equine sera and an immuno-dominant epitope was mapped between amino acids 55 and 98 by subcloning and expression. A fusion protein covering this region and a GL-specific synthetic peptide (residues 75 through 97) induced EAV-neutralizing antibody in vaccinated horses. The defined antigenic region of GL is likely to be exposed on the surface of the native EAV virion and consequently may be useful in the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines.
Independent motion detection in 3D scenes (2000)

This paper presents an algorithmic approach to the problem of detecting independently moving objects in 3D scenes that are viewed under camera motion. There are two fundamental constraints that can be exploited for the problem: 1) two/multiview camera motion constraint (for instance, the epipolar/trilinear constraint) and 2) shape constancy constraint. Previous approaches to the problem either use only partial constraints, or rely on dense correspondences or flow. We employ both the fundamental constraints in an algorithm that does not demand a priori availability of correspondences or flow. Our approach uses the plane-plus-parallax decomposition to enforce the two constraints. It is also demonstrated that for a class of scenes, called sparse 3D scenes in which genuine parallax and independent motions may be confounded, how the plane-plus-parallax decomposition allows progressive introduction, and verification of the fundamental constraints. Results of the algorithm on some difficult sparse 3D scenes are promising.
Nanostructured Diamond Coated CoCrMo Alloys for Use in Biomedical Implants (2005)

A wide variety of materials are currently under consideration for use in biomedical implants. Within the scope of certain implants is the need to withstand extensive wear created by repeated use and pressure on high stress joints. Substantial research is directed toward metal-onmetal technology and cobalt chrome molybdenum (CoCrMo) is a prime candidate given its longevity [1]. Wear-resistant surface coatings for the standard CoCrMo biomedical alloy may be a simple and effective way to extend implant lifetime. In this study, we show that an initial plasma nitriding step for CoCrMo alloy is beneficial for attaining adhesion of a nanostructured diamond coating subsequently grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The initial plasma nitriding step is quickly and easily performed in the CVD reactor and results in the formation of chromium nitride phases (CrN, Cr2N) as well as a phase transformation of cobalt from hexagonal to face centered cubic. We suggest that the success in terms of achieving adhesion of the diamond coating to the CoCrMo alloy involves chromium nitride phases acting as a diffusion barrier to carbon, thus preventing direct reaction of carbon with cobalt and the extensive graphitization that would follow.
Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet as the planar-alignment agent in a liquid crystal-based electro-optic device (2019)

The planar-alignment agent in an electro-optic liquid crystal (LC) device plays an essential role for the LC's electro-optical characteristics. Rubbed polyimide (PI) layers are conventionally used as the planar-alignment agent in traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Here we experimentally demonstrate that the 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheet can serve as the planar-alignment agent in an LC cell. This h-BN has higher chemical stability and more optical transparency than the PI layer. Two h-BN-covered indium tin oxide (ITO) glass slides (without any conventional PI layers) are placed together to fabricate an LC cell. A nematic LC inside this h-BN-based cell exhibits uniform planar-alignment-which is probed by a crossed polarized optical microscope. This planar-alignment at the molecular scale is achieved due to the coherent overlay of the benzene rings of the LC molecules on the hexagonal BN lattice. This h-BN-based LC cell shows the typical electro-optical effect when an electric field is applied via ITO electrodes. The dielectric measurement across this h-BN-based electro-optic cell shows a standard Fréedericksz transition of the LC, confirming that the 2D h-BN, as the planar-alignment agent, supplies adequate anchoring energy-which can be overcome by the Fréedericksz threshold voltage. Finally, we show that the h-BN-based LC cell exhibits more optical transparency than a regular PI alignment layer-based LC cell.
Mechanical Properties of Ti-Nb Biomedical Shape Memory Alloys Containing 13- and 14-Group Elements (2005)

In order to replace Ti-Ni shape memory alloys, new biomedical shape memory alloys have been developed which are composed of beta titanium and nontoxic elements only. In this paper, experimental results of mechanical and shape memory properties are reported for the Ni-free Ti-18mol%Nb shape memory alloys containing 3mol% of 13-group and 14-group ternary elements in the periodic table. The ternary elements selected are Al, Ga, In, Ge and Sn. It was found that the solution treated alloys exhibit good shape memory effect but almost no pseudoelasticity at room temperature. Ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure at room temperature are ranged from 250 to 710MPa and from 13 to 21%, respectively, depending on the kind of ternary elements. Effect of solution hardening on strength is discussed.
Patterned electrodes for thickness shear mode quartz resonators to achieve uniform mass sensitivity distribution (2008)

Development of an electrode-modified thickness shear mode (TSM) quartz resonator that is responsive to nanogram mass loadings, while exhibiting a mass sensitivity profile that is independent of material placement on the sensor platform, is the aim of this study. The resulting nanogram balance would greatly enhance the field of mass measurement and become useful in applications like droplet gravimetry, the study of non-volatile residue (NVR) contamination in solvents. A ring electrode design predicted by an analytical theory for sensitivity distribution to achieve the desired uniform mass sensitivity distribution is presented in this work. Using a microvalve capable of depositing nanogram droplets of a polymer solution, and a linear stepping stage for radial positioning of these droplets across the sensor platform, measurements of the mass sensitivity distributions were conducted and presented. The measurements agree well with theory. Further improvements are possible and are identified to achieve better uniformity and to reduce the instability of resonant frequency of these devices.
International Space Station cathode life testing status (1998)

To demonstrate adequate lifetime and performance capabilities of a hollow cathode for use on the International Space Station (ISS) plasma contactor system, life tests of multiple hollow cathode assemblies (HCAs) were initiated at operating conditions simulating on-orbit operation. Three HCAs are presently being tested. These HCAs are operated with a continuous 6 sccm xenon flow rate and 3 A anode current. Emission current requirements are simulated with a square waveform consisting of 50 minutes at a 2.5 A emission current and 40 minutes with no emission current. As of July 1998, these HCAs have accumulated between 1 1,700 and 14,200 hours. While there have been changes in operatin, behavior the three HCAs continue to operate stably within ISS specifications and are expected to demonstrate the required lifetime.
A method for the reduction of aerodynamic drag of road vehicles (1990)

A method is proposed for the reduction of the aerodynamic drag of bluff bodies, particularly for application to road transport vehicles. This technique consists of installation of panels on the forward surface of the vehicle facing the airstream. With the help of road tests, it was demonstrated that the attachment of proposed panels can reduce aerodynamic drag of road vehicles and result in significant fuel cost savings and conservation of energy resources.
Abstract 4488: Folate receptor targeted therapy using small molecule drug conjugates constructed with high affinity antifolate ligands (2015)

Abstract Folate receptor (FR)-targeted small molecule drug conjugates (SMDC) have shown promising clinical results. To date, all related SMDCs have been constructed with folic acid. Whereas folic acid displays very high affinity for the FR (kd ∼ 0.1 nM), antifolates with similar high binding affinity and specificity have also been reported. This knowledge prompted our investigation towards substituting the folic acid targeting moiety in our SMDCs with high affinity antifolates, such as CB3717 (a thymidylate synthase inhibitor), and the glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFTase) inhibitors, AG94 and AG147, thereby testing the hypothesis that greater antitumor activity should result from the combination of inhibitors. Using mice bearing FR-positive human tumor xenografts, we observed curative activity with a CB3717-based vinca alkaloid SMDC under conditions where no cures resulted with vintafolide (EC145) treatment. Similarly, tubulysin SMDCs constructed with AG94 and AG147 were found to produce curative activity using a dosing regimen where a folic acid-tubulysin conjugate did not. Of note, treatment of mice with simple co-mixtures of the antifolates and untargeted drugs was found to be ineffective, thereby confirming the need for linking the two moieties together to produce maximal activity. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that high affinity antifolates can be used in an SMDC format serving as both a high affinity targeting ligand and as a second drug having different, and perhaps a complementary mechanism of action to yield greater antitumor activity. Citation Format: Christopher P. Leamon, Joseph A. Reddy, Iontcho R. Vlahov, Fei You, Hanna F. Klein, Paul J. Kleindl, Melissa Nelson, Marilynn Vetzel, Patrick J. Klein, Larry H. Matherly, Aleem Gangjee. Folate receptor targeted therapy using small molecule drug conjugates constructed with high affinity antifolate ligands. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4488. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4488
Propioxatins A and B, new enkephalinase B inhibitors. II Structural elucidation. (1986)

The structures of propioxatins A (C17H29N3O6) and B (C18H31N3O6), new enkephalinase B inhibitors produced by Kitasatosporia setae SANK 60684, were determined. Both propioxatins consist of N-acyl-L-prolyl-L-valine. N-Acyl moieties of propioxatins A and B were alpha-propyl and alpha-isobutyl succinic acid beta-hydroxamic acid, respectively.
Alzheimers Disease and Immunotherapy (2004)

Site-directed antibodies which modulate conformation of beta-amyloid peptide became the theoretical basis of the immunological approach for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, antibodies towards the EFRH sequence, located between amino acids 3-6 of the N-terminal region of Alzheimer's AbetaP, found to be a key position in protein conformation modulation, suppress formation of beta-amyloid and dissolve already formed fibrillar amyloid. The performance of anti-beta-amyloid antibodies in transgenic mice models of AD showed they are delivered to the central nervous system (CNS), preventing and dissolving beta-amyloid plaques. Moreover, these antibodies protected the mice from learning and age-related memory deficits. Naturally occurring anti-AbetaP antibodies have been found in human CSF and in the plasma of healthy individuals, but were significantly lower in AD patients, suggesting that AD may be an immunodeficient disorder. Active and/or passive immunization against beta-amyloid peptide has been proposed as a method for preventing and/or treating Alzheimer's disease. Experimental active immunization with Abeta 1-42 in humans was stopped in phase II clinical trials due to unexpected neuroinflammatory manifestations. Antibodies generated with this first-generation vaccine might not have the desired therapeutic properties to target the "correct" mechanism, however, new clinical approaches are now under consideration. Immunotherapy represents fascinating ways to test the amyloid hypothesis and offers genuine opportunities for AD treatment, but requires careful antigen and antibody selection to maximize efficacy and minimize adverse events.
Analysis and design of ferrite cores for eddy-current-killed oscillator inductive proximity sensors (1997)

Finite element modeling of ferrite cores used in the design of eddy-current-killed oscillator inductive proximity sensors was performed. Based on contemplation of the practical operation of the sensors, ferrite core geometries were compared with a reference core by the eddy-current power loss in a metal target at a fixed distance from the face of each transducer. Several of these cores were experimentally evaluated for sensing distance to verify the results of the simulation. It was observed that, for fixed coil, fixed target distance, and given target, the low-frequency sensing distance of a particular transducer is approximately proportional to the fourth root of eddy-current power loss in the target.
AM-2604 A, a new antiviral antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces. (1982)

A novel antibiotic, AM-2604 A was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. AM-2604 by solvent extraction and silica gel column chromatography. The antibiotic is pale yellow needles possessing UV absorption maxima at 280 nm and 330 nm (sh). The antibiotic possesses weak activity against fungi and trichomonad and potent inhibitory activity against various RNA and DNA viruses in vitro.
Analysis of Stabilized and Isomerized Hop Pellets for α-Acids and Iso-α-Acids (1980)

Two new hop products, stabilized pellets and isomerized pellets, present analytical problems because of the low solubility of the magnesium (or calcium) salts of the α-acids and iso-a-acids formed during processing. An acidified extraction procedure that has given good results is described.