gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid autocorrection using prescan navigator echoes (2000)

Autocorrection is an adaptive motion correction algorithm that does not require an in vivo measurement of the motion record. A novel method for ensuring convergence of this algorithm when motion is severe is presented. A limited number of navigator echoes are acquired before the imaging sequence to obtain a "snapshot" of the object. Phase differences between the navigator and image k-space data are used as an estimate of motion-induced phase shifts in the image, followed by autocorrection. In phantom data a six-fold reduction in computation time compared to autocorrection alone was realized. These results indicate that this navigator/autocorrection combination may be useful for reducing motion artifacts and computation time for MR exams when motion along the image phase encoding axis is severe.
Overproduction of the GAL1 or GAL3 Protein Causes Galactose-Independent Activation of the GAL4 Protein: Evidence for a New Model of Induction for the Yeast <i>GAL/MEL</i> Regulon (1992)

The transcriptional activation function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 protein is modulated by the GAL80 and GAL3 proteins. In the absence of galactose, GAL80 inhibits the function of GAL4, presumably by direct binding to the GAL4 protein. The presence of galactose triggers the relief of the GAL80 block. The key to this relief is the GAL3 protein. How GAL3 and galactose activate GAL4 is not understood, but the long-standing notion has been that a galactose derivative formed by catalytic activity of GAL3 is the inducer that interacts with GAL80 or the GAL80-GAL4 complex. Here we report that overproduction of the GAL3 protein causes constitutive expression of GAL/MEL genes in the absence of exogenous galactose. Overproduction of the GAL1 protein (galactokinase) also causes constitutivity, consistent with the observations that GAL1 is strikingly similar in amino acid sequence to GAL3 and has GAL3-like induction activity. Cells lacking the GAL10-encoded UDP-galactose-UDP-glucose epimerase retained the constitutivity response to overproduction of GAL3, making it unlikely that constitutivity is due to endogenously produced galactose. A galactose-independent mechanism of constitutivity is further indicated by the inducing properties of two newly created galactokinaseless alleles of GAL1. On the basis of these data, we propose a new model for galactose-induced activation of the GAL4 protein. This model invokes galactose-activation of the GAL3 and GAL1 proteins which in turn elicit an alteration of the GAL80-GAL4 complex to activate GAL4. This model is consistent with all the known features of the system and has important implications for manipulating GAL4-dependent transcriptional activation in vitro.
Can Asthma in Children be Detected by the Estimated Parameter Values of the Augmented RIC Model ? (2006)

This paper describes the estimation of the parameter values for the recently introduced augmented RIC respiratory system model from impulse oscillometry data obtained from both asthmatic and normal children. An analysis of these values has indicated that one of the capacitance parameters of the model provides good discrimination between these two groups of children; moreover, this finding corresponds well with current medical understanding of the pathology of asthma.
A general construction of constrained parity-check codes for optical recording (2008)

This paper proposes a general and systematic code design method to efficiently combine constrained codes with parity-check (PC) codes for optical recording. The proposed constrained PC code includes two component codes: the normal constrained (NC) code and the parity-related constrained (PRC) code. They are designed based on the same finite state machine (FSM). The rates of the designed codes are only a few tenths below the theoretical maximum. The PC constraint is defined by the generator matrix (or generator polynomial) of a linear binary PC code, which can detect any type of dominant error events or error event combinations of the system. Error propagation due to parity bits is avoided, since both component codes are protected by PCs. Two approaches are proposed to design the code in the non-return-to-zero-inverse (NRZI) format and the non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format, respectively. Designing the codes in NRZ format may reduce the number of parity bits required for error detection and simplify post-processing for error correction. Examples of several newly designed codes are illustrated. Simulation results with the Blu-Ray disc (BD) systems show that the new d = 1 constrained 4-bit PC code significantly outperforms the rate 2/3 code without parity, at both nominal density and high density.
Embedded Iron Nanoparticles in Carbon Nanogranules for Direct Synthesis of Lower Olefins (2016)

Abstract Iron nanoparticles in carbon nanogranules have been in‐situ generated during the synthesis of lower olefins from Syngas. Very uniformly distributed these carbon embedded iron nanoparticles are found to be very selective for the direct F−T synthesis of lower olefins. The iron incorporated carbon nanogranules were synthesized from refinery heavy residue/vacuum residue and ferrocene. The iron nanoparticles are sTable and do not undergo major sintering during the activity run. The HRTEM images show well dispersion of iron nanoparticles during reduction to reaction processes.
Strategies to Immobilize Well‐Defined Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Supported Homogeneous Catalysis vs. Surface Organometallic Chemistry (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Application of New Modified Dinucleotide Cap Analog (2009)

We describe synthesis of a chain-terminating mRNA cap dinucleotide m2 7, 2OG[5]ppp[5]m7G analog. A new dinucleotide cap analog was synthesized with methyl groups on the both N7 guanine moieties, as well as the 2-OH of one of the ribose moiety is reported. The biological validation of triple methylated cap analog was done with respect to their effects on capping efficiency, yield of RNAs during in vitro transcription, and the translational activity of these RNAs upon transfection into HeLa cells. The RNA capped with the trimethylated analog (m2 7,2OG[5]ppp[5]m7G) was translated the most efficiently, with ∼ 2.5 -fold more activity than the conventional cap (m7G[5]ppp[5]G).
Unifying the gait cycle in the control of a powered prosthetic leg (2015)

This paper presents a novel control strategy for an above-knee powered prosthetic leg that unifies the entire gait cycle, eliminating the need to switch between controllers during different periods of gait. Current control methods divide the gait cycle into several sequential periods each with independent controllers, resulting in many patient-specific control parameters and switching rules that must be tuned by clinicians. Having a single controller could reduce the number of control parameters to be tuned for each patient, thereby reducing the clinical time and effort involved in fitting a powered prosthesis for a lower-limb amputee. Using the Discrete Fourier Transformation, a single virtual constraint is derived that exactly characterizes the desired actuated joint motion over the entire gait cycle. Because the virtual constraint is defined as a periodic function of a monotonically increasing phase variable, no switching or resetting is necessary within or across gait cycles. The output function is zeroed using feedback linearization to produce a single, unified controller. The method is illustrated with simulations of a powered knee-ankle prosthesis in an amputee biped model and with examples of systematically generated output functions for different walking speeds.
Supramolecular Electrolytes for Use in Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2004)

Increased overall efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) requires electrolytes with improved ionic conductivity and interfacial contact between the electrolyte and the dye-adsorbed semiconductor nanoparticles in the cell. The supramolecular electrolyte presented here (see Figure) achieves this due to its different behavior in the liquid and solid states. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2004/c6664_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optical Plastic Filter Containing Copper Benzoate(II). (1994)

メタクリル酸メチル (MMA) に難溶な無水安息香酸銅 (CB) はメタクリル酸 (MAAc) の共存下においてその溶解性が向上する. CBはMMA中では2量体構造をとるが, 2量体CBの二つのアピカル位にMAAcが1個ずつ配位することがわかった. このMAAcの配位によりCBのMMAへの親和性が増大し, 可溶化したと考えられる. MAAcを配位させたCBと高分子マトリックス形成用のモノマーとを共重合させることによって, 銅を含有する透明なプラスチック製近赤外線カットフィルターが得られた. このフィルターは, 厚さ0.5mmの薄さでも600～800nmの範囲で透過率がほぼ0%の近赤外線カット性を示した.
Banknote authentication with mobile devices (2013)

Maintaining confidence in security documents, especially banknotes, is and remains a major concern for the central banks in order to maintain the stability of the economy around the world. In this paper we describe an image processing and pattern recognition approach which is based on the <i>Sound-of-Intaglio</i> principle for the usage in smart devices such as smartphones. Today, in many world regions smartphones are in use. These devices become more and more computing units, equipped with resource-limited, but effective CPUs, cameras with illumination, and flexible operating systems. Hence, it is obvious to apply smartphones for banknote authentication, especially for visually impaired persons. Our approach shows that those devices are capable of processing data under the constraints of image quality and processing power. Strictly a mobile device as such is not an industrial product for harsh environments, but it is possible to use mobile devices for banknote authentication. The concept is based on a new strategy for constructing adaptive Wavelets for the analysis of different print patterns on a banknote. Furthermore, a banknote specific feature vector is generated which describes an authentic banknote effectively under various illumination conditions. A multi-stage Lineardiscriminant- analysis classifier generates stable and reliable output.
Hematologic effects of immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in cancer patients (1987)

Immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated from autologous lymphocytes has produced significant tumor regressions in patients with advanced cancer. In the current study, we reviewed the hematologic effects associated with this therapy in our initial 42 patients. Eighty-eight percent of the treated patients developed anemia that required greater than or equal to 4 units of red cell transfusions, and 43% received at least 8 units. Only a blood loss of 2 to 3 units could be attributed to repeated phlebotomy, cytophereses, and hemodilution. IL-2 administration also resulted in thrombocytopenia as well as lymphopenia and eosinophilia. Forty-three percent of patients developed platelet counts of less than or equal to 50,000/microL, and 36% of the total group required platelet transfusions. Mild neutropenia and a rebound lymphocytosis followed discontinuation of IL-2 treatment. To explore the possible mechanisms for these hematologic effects, standard hematopoietic colony assays were conducted on serial blood samples from five patients. IL-2 produced a significant decline in circulating erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocytic/macrophage (CFU-C) progenitors, which rebounded after the discontinuation of IL-2 therapy. Infusion of IL-2 also resulted in measurable serum levels of gamma-interferon. Some of the hematologic effects of immunotherapy with LAK cells and IL-2 may be the result of IL-2-mediated suppression of hematopoiesis.
Making B+- trees cache conscious in main memory (2000)

Previous research has shown that cache behavior is important for main memory index structures. Cache conscious index structures such as Cache Sensitive Search Trees (CSS-Trees) perform lookups much faster than binary search and T-Trees. However, CSS-Trees are designed for decision support workloads with relatively static data. Although B + -Trees are more cache conscious than binary search and T-Trees, their utilization of a cache line is low since half of the space is used to store child pointers. Nevertheless, for applications that require incremental updates, traditional B + -Trees perform well. Our goal is to make B + -Trees as cache conscious as CSS-Trees without increasing their update cost too much. We propose a new indexing technique called “Cache Sensitive B + -Trees” (CSB + -Trees). It is a variant of B + -Trees that stores all the child nodes of any given node contiguously, and keeps only the address of the first child in each node. The rest of the children can be found by adding an offset to that address. Since only one child pointer is stored explicitly, the utilization of a cache line is high. CSB + -Trees support incremental updates in a way similar to B + -Trees. We also introduce two variants of CSB + -Trees. Segmented CSB + -Trees divide the child nodes into segments. Nodes within the same segment are stored contiguously and only pointers to the beginning of each segment are stored explicitly in each node. Segmented CSB + -Trees can reduce the copying cost when there is a split since only one segment needs to be moved. Full CSB + -Trees preallocate space for the full node group and thus reduce the split cost. Our performance studies show that CSB + -Trees are useful for a wide range of applications.
Compensation of slice profile mismatch in combined spin‐ and gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging pulse sequences (2011)

Combined acquisition of gradient-echo and spin-echo signals in MRI time series reveals additional information for perfusion-weighted imaging and functional MRI because of differences in the sensitivity of gradient-echo and spin-echo measurements to the properties of the underlying vascular architecture. The acquisition of multiple echo trains within one time frame facilitates the simultaneous estimation of the transversal relaxation parameters R2 and R2*. However, the simultaneous estimation of these parameters tends to be incorrect in the presence of slice profile mismatches between signal excitation and subsequent refocusing pulses. It is shown here that improvements in pulse design reduced R2 and R2* estimation errors. Further improvements were achieved by augmented parameter estimation through the introduction of an additional parameter δ to correct for discordances in slice profiles to facilitate more quantitative measurements. Moreover, the analysis of time-resolved acquisitions revealed that the temporal stability of R2 estimates could be increased with improved pulse design, counteracting low contrast-to-noise ratios in spin-echo-based perfusion and functional MRI.
Contact-Independent Measurement of Electrical Conductance of a Thin Film with a Nanoscale Sensor (2011)

Contact effects are a common impediment to electrical measurements throughout the fields of nanoelectronics, organic electronics, and the emerging field of graphene electronics. We demonstrate a novel method of measuring electrical conductance in a thin film of amorphous germanium that is insensitive to contact effects. The measurement is based on the capacitive coupling of a nanoscale metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) to the thin film so that the MOSFET senses charge diffusion in the film. We tune the contact resistance between the film and contact electrodes and show that our measurement is unaffected. With the MOSFET, we measure the temperature and field dependence of the conductance of the amorphous germanium, which are fit to a model of variable-range hopping. The device structure enables both a contact-independent and a conventional, contact-dependent measurement, which makes it possible to discern the effect of the contacts in the latter measurement. This measurement method can be used for reliable electrical characterization of new materials and to determine the effect of contacts on conventional electron transport measurements, thus guiding the choice of optimal contact materials.
Stringless piano-touch electric sound producer for directly driving a soundboard on the basis of key actions (1994)

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Demonstration of Enabling People with Visual Impairments to Navigate Virtual Reality with a Haptic and Auditory Cane Simulation (2018)

Traditional virtual reality (VR) mainly focuses on visual feedback, which is not accessible for people with visual impairments. We created Canetroller [6], a haptic cane controller that simulates white cane interactions, enabling people with visual impairments to navigate a virtual environment by transferring their cane skills into the virtual world. Canetroller provides three types of feedback: (1) physical resistance generated by a wearable programmable brake mechanism that physically impedes the controller when the virtual cane comes in contact with a virtual object; (2) vibrotactile feedback that simulates the vibrations when a cane hits an object or touches and drags across various surfaces; and (3) spatial 3D auditory feedback simulating the sound of real-world cane interactions. We demonstrate the design of Canetroller in this paper.
A Novel Dual-Axial AFM Cantilever With Independent Piezoresistive Sensors for Simultaneous Detection of Lateral and Vertical Forces (1997)

Abstract This paper describes a novel dual-axial AFM cantilever with independent piezoresistive sensors for simultaneous detection of lateral and vertical forces. The cantilever consists of a flat, triangular probe with a vertical direction of compliance, implanted with a piezoresistive layer to form a vertical deflection sensor. This probe is connected to the base by tall, narrow “ribs” that give the structure lateral compliance. Embedded on the side-walls of some of the ribs are a second set of piezoresistors that form a lateral deflection sensor. A special ion implant at approximately 45 degrees to the vertical is used to create the piezoresistive sensors and electrical connections. Both the vertical and the lateral deflection sensors exhibit measured piezoresistive sensitivities ΔR/R on the order of 5 × 10−7 per Å. The cantilever was successfully used to obtain AFM images of a known sample, yielding correlated z-signal and x-signal images of the sample topography.
Effects Of Short Term Feeding Of Vitamin D3 On Pork Quality (1999)

We tested the hypothesis that supplemental dietary vitamin D3 could be used to improve tenderness of pork. On the basis of elevation of blood calcium concentration and constant feed intake, we determined that 500,000 IU daily for three days before slaughter was the optimal dosage. This dosage resulted in no improvement in pork tenderness as based on two commonly used tenderness measurements. Several other measures of pork quality were determined, but only one was affected by dietary vitamin D3. Carcasses from the vitamin D3 supplemented pigs had more carcass shrinkage than did those of nonsupplemented pigs. Thus, this initial study indicated that supplemental dietary vitamin D3 does not improve pork tenderness and other measures of pork quality. The principal objective of this experiment was to test whether supplemental dietary vitamin D3 improved tenderness of pork. Two commonly used methods of assay for tenderness were used to complete the objective. Both methods of assay demonstrated that supplemental dietary vitamin D3 did not improve tenderness. Perhaps other doses of vitamin D3 or other feeding schedules of the vitamin D3 may result in an improvement in pork tenderness as occurred for beef. Future research is needed to address these issues.
Stability of frozen solutions of cefazolin sodium. (1976)

The stability of frozen solutions of cefazolin sodium was investigated in nine commonly used diluents at concentrations of 1 g with 2.5 ml, 500 mg with 100 ml and 10 g with 45 ml in both glass and polyvinylchloride plastic containers. The diluents were: Water for Injection USP; 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP; 5% Dextrose Injection USP (D5W); D5W with 0.02% sodium bicarbonate; D5W in Lactated Ringer's Injection USP; Lactated Ringer's Injection USP; Ionosol B in D5W; Normasol M in D5W; and Plasmalyte in D5W. Frozen cefazolin sodium solutions, containing Water for Injection USP, 5% Dextrose Inection USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP as the diluents, retained more than 90% of labeled potency for up to 26 weeks when frozen within one hour after reconstitution and held at -10 C or -20 C. Frozen cefazolin sodium solutions, made with other diluents, were stable for up to four weeks when frozen within one hour after reconstitution and held at -10 C.
Potential of different techniques of preferential crystallization for enantioseparation of racemic compound forming systems (2008)

Recently the feasibility of preferential crystallization for enantioseparation of racemic compound forming systems has been demonstrated (Lorenz et al., Application of preferential crystallization to resolve racemic compounds in a hybrid process. Chirality 2006;18:828-840; Polenske et al., Separation of the propranolol hydrochloride enantiomers by preferential crystallization: thermodynamic basis and experimental verification. Cryst Growth Des 2007;7:1628-1634). Here, the development and the potential of an efficient separation process operated via two different techniques of preferential crystallization are studied: (1) seeded isothermal preferential crystallization and (2) auto-seeded polythermal preferential crystallization. Both techniques were investigated in the batch and in the cyclic operation mode. On the example of mandelic acid as a typical racemic compound forming system, it is demonstrated that a cyclic auto-seeded polythermal process is feasible and significantly more efficient than the seeded isothermal one.