gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrazino[2.3‐<i>g</i>]quinoxaline‐Bridged Indole‐Based Building Blocks: Design, Synthesis, Anion‐Binding Properties, and Phosphate‐Directed Assembly in the Solid State (2010)

Strategies for exploring anionic templates to direct sophisticated supramolecular assembly have attracted attention. Herein, a series of new anion receptors 1-3 containing two indole-based binding sites bridged by linking spacer pyrazino[2.3-g]quinoxaline (PQ) have been rationally designed and prepared from the precursors 2,3-diindol-3'-yl quinoxaline (DIQ) and 5,6-dihydrodiindolo[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (DIPZ). X-ray analyses showed a self-connected network and dimeric packing through hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interaction in the solid state in the structures of 1 and 2, respectively. All three receptors exhibited a series of prominent absorption bands from the expanded π system. The indole-based expanded receptors were found to strongly and selectively bind F(-), AcO(-), and H2PO4(-) among the tested anions (F(-), Cl(-), Br(-), AcO(-), H2PO4(-), HSO4(-), NO3(-), and ClO4(-)), and operated as efficient colorimetric sensors for naked-eye detection of fluoride anions in DMSO. These tailored building blocks captured two anions located at far-spaced binding sites, and adopted noninterfering anion-binding processes to guarantee the anion-binding affinity, topology, and dimensionality. Solid-state studies elucidated that the neutral 1-3 interacted with the tetrahedral dihydrogen phosphate anion in proper proportions and designed topologies, thus leading to the formation of a series of multidimensional networks by self-assembly in the solid state. The observations showed a well-characterized phosphate-directed assembly of multidimensional metal-free coordination polymers in the solid state, in which the formed phosphate aggregates, including dimer encapsulated in an indole-mediated hydrogen-bonded pocket and an infinite chain, behaved as anionic templates to direct the self-assembly. However, no evidence proved the presence of such phosphate-directed infinite coordination polymers in solution.
A Flush Mounted Probe for Instantaneous Corrosion Measurements in Gas Transmission Lines (1976)

Gas pipelines carrying both liquid and gas phases frequently exhibit annular flow conditions. This is a condition when the liquids travel on the pipe wall in a very thin film around the entire internal circumference of the pipe. This concept is illustrated in figure 1. With this picture of the travel of corrosive fluids in pipelines, it is obvious that monitors which are not located in the pipe wall and do not see the same liquid conditions as the pipe wall will not be representative of the actual corrosion in the pipeline. This had led us to investigate what are the conditions that exist in a gas pipeline and try to derive an equation which explains the existence of thin films and aids in predicting when they will be present.
In Vivo Monitoring of Serotonin in the Striatum of Freely Moving Rats with One Minute Temporal Resolution by Online Microdialysis–Capillary High-Performance Liquid Chromatography at Elevated Temperature and Pressure (2013)

Online monitoring of serotonin in striatal dialysate from freely moving rats was carried out for more than 16 h at 1 min time resolution using microdialysis coupled online to a capillary HPLC system operating at about 500 bar and 50 °C. Several aspects of the system were optimized toward robust, in vivo online measurements. A two-loop, eight-port rotary injection valve demonstrated better consistency of continuous injections than the more commonly used two-loop, 10-port valve. A six-port loop injector for introducing stimulating solutions (stimulus injector) was placed in-line between the syringe pump and microdialysis probe. We minimized solute dispersion by using capillary tubing (75 μm inside diameter, 70 cm long) for the probe inlet and outlet. In vitro assessment of concentration dispersion during transport with a 30 s time resolution showed that the dispersion standard deviation for serotonin was well within the desired system temporal resolution. Each 30 or 60 s measurement reflects the integral of the true time response over the measurement time. We have accounted for this mathematically in determining the concentration dispersion during transport. The delay time between a concentration change at the probe and its detection is 7 min. The timing of injections from the stimulus injector and the cycle time for the HPLC monitoring of the flow stream were controlled. The electrochemical detector contained a 13 μm spacer to minimize detector dead volume. During in vivo experiments, retention time and separation efficiency were stable and reproducible. There was no statistically significant change over 5.5 h in the electrochemical detector sensitivity factor for serotonin. Dialysate serotonin concentrations change significantly in response to a 120 mM K(+) stimulus. Release of serotonin evoked by a 10 min, 120 mM K(+) stimulation, but not for other K(+) stimuli, exhibited a reproducible, oscillating profile of dialysate serotonin concentration versus time. Infusion of fluoxetine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, increased dialysate serotonin concentrations and stimulated release magnitude. Transient serotonin increases were observed in response to the stress associated with unexpected handling. This system is simple, efficient, reliable, and suitable for the study of serotonin neurochemistry associated with emotion and behavior.
Business and pleasure? Relational interaction in conversational UX (2018)

In current conversational agents, productivity-oriented interaction and relational interaction are strictly compartmentalised.We suggest that UX in future conversational agents may benefit from a more integrated approach to these two forms of interaction.The suggestion is backed by reference to existing studies.Future directions are suggested.
Quetiapine Misuse and Abuse: Is it an Atypical Paradigm of Drug Seeking Behavior? (2017)

Recent case reports in medical literatures suggest that more and more second-generation atypical antipsychotics (AAs) have been prescribed for off-label use; quetiapine (Brand name: Seroquel<sup>®</sup>) showed increase in its trend for off-label use. Little is known about the reasons behind this trend, although historical sedative and hypnotic prescription patterns suggest that despite relatively superior safety profiles of quetiapine (especially for movement disorders), it may be used for treating substance abuse disorder. In addition, recent studies have shown a strong potential for misuse and abuse (MUA) of quetiapine beyond Food and Drug Administration-approved indications. This includes drug-seeking behaviors, such as feigning symptoms, motivated by quetiapine and use of quetiapine in conjunction with alcohol. Quetiapine appears to be the most documented AA with street values bartered illicitly on the street. A recent report from the Drug Abuse Warning Network has shown a high prevalence of quetiapine-related emergency department visits involving MUA. Several other case studies have found that quetiapine causes seeking behaviors observed in substance use disorder. In fact, the majority of quetiapine MUA involved patients diagnosed with substance use disorder. In the absence of a definitive mechanism of action of quetiapine's reinforcing properties, it is imperative to gather robust evidence to support or refute increasing off-label use of AAs.
Application of a low-pressure radio frequency discharge source to polysilicon gate etching (1990)

We have shown that a discharge can be sustained at low pressure (≲10−3 Torr) in a single-wafer reactor using experimental quarter-wave helical resonator structures operated at radio frequencies. These discharge sources have been used to etch submicron-wide polysilicon gates with chlorine and chlorine/oxygen mixtures. Selectivities for undoped polysilicon over oxide and hard baked trilevel photoresist were 70:1 and 2.8:1, respectively, in a 75 W discharge operated at 0.1 mTorr with a Cl2/1% O2 feed gas mixture. Anisotropic profiles of 0.25 μm lines were obtained across 100 mm wafers with negligible linewidth loss. These preliminary experiments show that rf resonator discharges may offer an alternative to low-pressure microwave discharges such as those based on electron cyclotron resonance.
A foundation for designing deadlock-free routing algorithms in wormhole networks (2003)

This article provides necessary and sufficient conditions for deadlock-free unicast and multicast routing with the path-based routing model in interconnection networks that use the wormhole switching technique. The theory is developed around three central concepts: channel waiting, False Resource Cycles , and valid destination sets . The first two concepts are suitable extensions to those developed for unicast routing by two authors of this article; the third concept has been developed by Lin and Ni. The necessary and sufficient conditions relax the requirements for deadlock-free routing, compared to techniques that provide only a sufficient condition. These necessary and sufficient conditions can be applied in a straightforward manner to prove deadlock freedom of newly developed adaptive routing algorithms for collective communication, which in turn will help in developing efficient and correct routing algorithms. The latter point is illustrated by developing two routing algorithms for multicast communication on 2D mesh architectures. The first algorithm uses fewer resources (channels) than an algorithm proposed in the literature but achieves the same adaptiveness. The second algorithm provides fully adaptive routing for both unicast and multicast messages.
Imperceptible, Robust, and Targeted Adversarial Examples for Automatic Speech Recognition (2019)

Adversarial examples are inputs to machine learning models designed by an adversary to cause an incorrect output. So far, adversarial examples have been studied most extensively in the image domain. In this domain, adversarial examples can be constructed by imperceptibly modifying images to cause misclassification, and are practical in the physical world. In contrast, current targeted adversarial examples applied to speech recognition systems have neither of these properties: humans can easily identify the adversarial perturbations, and they are not effective when played over-the-air. This paper makes advances on both of these fronts. First, we develop effectively imperceptible audio adversarial examples (verified through a human study) by leveraging the psychoacoustic principle of auditory masking, while retaining 100% targeted success rate on arbitrary full-sentence targets. Next, we make progress towards physical-world over-the-air audio adversarial examples by constructing perturbations which remain effective even after applying realistic simulated environmental distortions.
National proceedings: forest and conservation nursery associations—1995. (1995)

This proceedings is a compilation of 23 papers that were presented at the regional meetings of the forest and conservation nursery associations in the United States in 1995. The Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association meeting was held in Kearney, NE, on August 7-11, 1995, and the Northeastern Forest Nursery Association Conference was held in Mitchell, IN, on August 14-17, 1995. The subject matter ranges from seed collection and processing, through nursery cultural practices, to harvesting storage and outplanting.
FGFR3 has tumor suppressor properties in cells with epithelial phenotype (2013)

In tumors from epithelial origin, FGFR3 signal can limit tumor growth, explaining why the 4p16.3 locus bearing FGFR3 is frequently lost and why activating mutations of FGFR3 in benign or low grade tumors of epithelial origin are associated with good prognosis. The new hypothesis that FGFR3 can harbor both tumor suppressive and oncogenic properties is crucial in the context of targeted therapies involving specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs against FGFR3 might result in adverse effects if used in the wrong cell context.
Characterization of the Phosphofructokinase Gene Family in Rice and Its Expression Under Oxygen Deficiency Stress (2013)

Plants possess two types of phosphofructokinase proteins for phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, the ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK) and the pyrophosphate-(PPi) dependent pyrophosphate-fructose-6-phosphate-phosphotransferase (PFP). During oxygen deficiency ATP levels in rice seedlings are severely reduced, and it is hypothesized that PPi is used as an alternative energy source for the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate during glycolysis. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 15 phosphofructokinase-encoding genes in roots and aerial tissues of anoxia-tolerant rice seedlings in response to anoxic stress and compared our data with transcript profiles obtained from microarray analyses. Furthermore, the intracellular localization of rice PFK proteins was determined, and the PFK and PFP isoforms were grouped in a phylogenetic tree. Two PFK and two PFP transcripts accumulated during anoxic stress, whereas mRNA levels of four PFK and three PFP genes were decreased. The total specific activity of both PFK and PFP changed only slightly during a 24-h anoxia treatment. It is assumed that expression of different isoforms and their catalytic properties differ during normoxic and anoxic conditions and contribute to balanced glycolytic activity during the low-oxygen stress. These characterizations of phosphofructokinase genes and the comparison to other plant species allowed us to suggest candidate rice genes for adaptation to anoxic stress.
A New Approach to the Extraction of ANN Rules and to Their Generalization Capacity Through GP (2004)

Various techniques for the extraction of ANN rules have been used, but most of them have focused on certain types of networks and their training. There are very few methods that deal with ANN rule extraction as systems that are independent of their architecture, training, and internal distribution of weights, connections, and activation functions. This article proposes a methodology for the extraction of ANN rules, regardless of their architecture, and based on genetic programming. The strategy is based on the previous algorithm and aims at achieving the generalization capacity that is characteristic of ANNs by means of symbolic rules that are understandable to human beings.
Handbook of Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Materials at Microwave Frequencies (2012)

Preface. Mathematical Modeling of Microwave Heating Processes. Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Microwaveable Materials: Parameters, Measuring Techniques and Some Theoretical Aspects. Foodstuff and Agricultural Products. Biological Tissues. Fibrous Materials. Polymers, Resins, and Plastics. Ceramics. Soils and Minerals. Pure and Composite Chemical Substances. Index..
Impacts of UV cure for reliable porous PECVD SiOC integration [IC interconnect applications] (2005)

An ultra violet (UV) cure was investigated to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of porous carbon-doped PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) oxide film (k<2.4) for the 45 nm node technology and beyond. Drastic improvement in the film modulus and leakage current between Cu interconnects was observed. The formation of Si-O chemical bonds by breaking Si-CH/sub 3/ bonds after UV irradiation is thought to be an origin for the results of Si-O-C-H networks in p-SIOC films.
Simulation Model of Photo-voltaic Grid-connected Power Generation (2021)

In order to overcome the increasingly severe problem of energy shortage, a novel simulation model of photo-voltaic grid-connected power generation is proposed in this paper. The model uses PSCAD software to model and simulate the data of photo-voltaic power generation, and explores the impact of photo-voltaic power generation grid connection on power network parameters by changing different control factors and setting short-circuit faults. The results show that the model is indeed helpful to overcome the increasingly severe problem of energy shortage, and then effectively alleviate the energy shortage.
Effects of oxygen vacancies on the structural and optical properties of β-Ga2O3 (2017)

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with oxygen vacancies are studied by employing first-principles calculations based on density function theory. Based on the defects formation energies, we conclude the oxygen vacancies are most stable in their fully charge states. The electronic structures and optical properties of β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> are calculated by Generalized Gradient Approximation + U formalisms with the Hubbard U parameters set 7.0 eV and 8.5 eV for Ga and O ions, respectively. The calculated bandgap is 4.92 eV, which is consistent with the experimental value. The static real dielectric constants of the defective structures are increased compared with the intrinsic one, which is attributed to the level caused by the Ga-4s states in the bandgap. Extra peaks are introduced in the absorption spectra, which are related to Ga-4s and O-2p states. Experimentally, β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films are deposited under different O<sub>2</sub> volume percentage with ratio-frequency magnetron sputtering method. The measured results indicate that oxygen vacancies can induce extra emission peaks in the photoluminescence spectrum, the location of these peaks are close to the calculated results. Extra O<sub>2</sub> can increase the formation energies of oxygen vacancies and thus reduce oxygen vacancies in β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.
An Evasive Maneuvering Algorithm for UAVs in See-and-Avoid Situations (2007)

In this paper, we present an collision avoidance algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on model predictive control. When a UAV encounters other aircraft that is estimated to approach closer than the minimum safety margin, the vehicle must execute an emergency evasive maneuver to avoid the impending collision at all cost. During this procedure, the unmanned vehicle must compute in real time a safe and plausible trajectory based on the collected information on the predicted future path of other vehicles. During the evasive maneuver, the trajectory generation and control problem is very stringent since the conflict-free trajectory must be plausible with respect to the given vehicle dynamics with limited control input. Therefore, in this research, we propose a model predictive control-based trajectory planner to satisfy the requirements listed so far due to its capability to explicitly address the control problem of constrained nonlinear dynamic systems. We consider a few scenarios involving nearby flying objects with various velocity and incident angle conditions. The proposed algorithm is validated in a head-on collision scenario using unmanned aerial vehicles.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoassaying versus microscopy: advantages and drawbacks for diagnosing giardiasis (2005)

The ELISA test is useful when just searching for Giardia lamblia, because of its high sensitivity. For daily practice, we recommend microscopy, which is much cheaper and can also detect other parasites. The low positivity of single samples in this method can be overcome by using three samples, as recommended by most authors.
Identification of novel vascular endothelial–specific genes by the microarray analysis of the zebrafish cloche mutants (2005)

The zebrafish cloche (clo) mutation affects the earliest known step in differentiation of blood and endothelial cells in vertebrates. We established clo/gata1-GFP transgenic line with erythroid-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, which allowed differentiation of clo and wild-type siblings at the midsomitogenesis stages before morphologically visible phenotypes appeared. To discover novel genes potentially involved in hematopoietic and vascular development, we performed microarray analysis of more than 15,000 zebrafish genes or expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in clo mutant embryos. We isolated the full-length sequences and determined the expression patterns for 8 novel cDNAs that were significantly down-regulated in clo-/- embryos. Dual specificity phosphatase 5 (dusp5), cadherin 5 (cdh5; VE-cadherin), aquaporin 8 (aqp8), adrenomedullin receptor (admr), complement receptor C1qR-like (crl), scavenger receptor class F, member 1 (scarf1), and ETS1-like protein (etsrp) were specifically expressed in the vascular endothelial cells, while retinol binding protein 4 (rbp4) was expressed in the yolk syncytial layer and the hypochord. Further functional studies of these novel genes should help to elucidate critical early steps leading to the formation of vertebrate blood vessels.
Strategies for Network Motifs Discovery (2009)

Complex networks from domains like Biology or Sociology are present in many e-Science data sets. Dealing with networks can often form a workflow bottleneck as several related algorithms are computationally hard. One example is detecting characteristic patterns or "network motifs" - a problem involving subgraph mining and graph isomorphism. This paper provides a review and runtime comparison of current motif detection algorithms in the field. We present the strategies and the corresponding algorithms in pseudo-code yielding a framework for comparison. We categorize the algorithms outlining the main differences and advantages of each strategy. We finally implement all strategies in a common platform to allow a fair and objective efficiency comparison using a set of benchmark networks. We hope to inform the choice of strategy and critically discuss future improvements in motif detection.
The Contribution of Preterm Birth to Infant Mortality Rates in the United States (2006)

On the basis of this evaluation, preterm birth is the most frequent cause of infant death in the United States, accounting for at least one third of infant deaths in 2002. The extreme prematurity of most of the infants and their short survival indicate that reducing infant mortality rates requires a comprehensive agenda to identify, to test, and to implement effective strategies for the prevention of preterm birth.
Thr90 is a key residue of the bacteriorhodopsin proton pumping mechanism (2001)

Mutation of Thr90 to Ala has a profound effect on bacteriorhodopsin properties. T90A shows about 20% of the proton pumping efficiency of wild type, once reconstituted into liposomes. Mutation of Thr90 influences greatly the Schiff base/Asp85 environment, as demonstrated by altered lambda(max) of 555 nm and pK(a) of Asp85 (about 1.3 pH units higher than wild type). Hydroxylamine accessibility is increased in both dark and light and differential scanning calorimetry and visible spectrophotometry show decreased thermal stability. These results suggest that Thr90 has an important structural role in both the unphotolysed bacteriorhodopsin and in the proton pumping mechanism.
Natural products of plant origin as anticancer agents (2001)

Natural products have been used as effective remedies for the treatment of various ailments. Numerous plant products in the form of decoction, tincture, tablets and capsules have been clinically used for the treatment of different kinds of cancer. This review covers some of the important plants with clinically proven anticancer activity, including Catharanthus roseus, Podophyllum peltatum, Taxus brevifolia, Camptothecin acuminata, Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Viscum album, Onchrosia elliptica, Annona bullata, Asmina triloba and Rhizoma zedoariae. Synthetic analogues in some cases have also been prepared to improve the efficacy and decrease the side effects of parent compounds. The modes of action of clinically used drugs are also delineated.