gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by using polymerase chain reaction (1992)

Development of a routine detection assay for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in clinical specimens was undertaken by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An oligonucleotide primer pair from a conserved 5' region of the flaA gene of C. coli VC167 was used to amplify a 450-bp region by PCR. The primer pair specifically detected 4 strains of C. coli and 47 strains of C. jejuni; but it did not detect strains of Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter upsaliensis, Campylobacter cryaerophila, Campylobacter butzleri, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, Wolinella recta, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Citrobacter freundii, or Aeromonas spp. By using a nonradioactively labeled probe internal to the PCR product, the assay could detect as little as 0.0062 pg of purified C. coli DNA, or the equivalent of four bacteria. In stools seeded with C. coli cells, the probe could detect between 30 and 60 bacteria per PCR assay. The assay was also successfully used to detect C. coli in rectal swab specimens from experimentally infected rabbits and C. jejuni in human stool samples.
Carboxamides of 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine as Repellents for the German Cockroach, Blattella Germanica [Orthoptera (Dictyoptera): Blattellidae]1 (1985)

Sixty-two carboxamides of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine were tested as repellents for the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. The acid moieties were derived from saturated, unsaturated, chlorinated, alicyclic, and benzoic acids. Five aliphatic or alicyclic carboxamides provided 100% repellency for a minimum of 17 days. Nine others provided 10–14 days of 100% repellency. None of the aromatic carboxamides tested were effective.
Sulfonamide derivative, E7820, is a unique angiogenesis inhibitor suppressing an expression of integrin alpha2 subunit on endothelium. (2002)

In the process of angiogenesis, endothelial adhesion molecules play a significant role in vascular morphogenesis, in coordination with angiogenic factor signaling. Here we report that a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, E7820 (an aromatic sulfonamide derivative), inhibited in vitro proliferation and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC). E7820 decreased integrin alpha2, 3, 5, and beta1 in confluent culture of HUVEC, and integrin alpha2 was initially suppressed in mRNA level, followed by decrement of integrins alpha3, 5, and beta1. The inhibition of integrin alpha2 expression in HUVEC showed dose dependence but did not alter the level of CD31. Up-regulation of integrin alpha2 by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate abrogated the inhibitory effect of E7820 on tube formation within type I collagen gel, whereas addition of antibody against integrin alpha2 canceled the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate effect. These results suggest that E7820 inhibited tube formation through the suppression of integrin alpha2. Oral administration of E7820 remarkably resulted in inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis in mouse dorsal air sac model, and tumor growth of human colorectal tumor cell lines (WiDr and LoVo) was inhibited in xenotransplanted model in mice. This is the first time that a small molecule has been shown to modulate integrins, and this finding may provide the basis for a new approach to antiangiogenic therapy through the suppression of integrin alpha2 on endothelium.
Direct Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to α-Farnesene Using Metabolically Engineered <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> PCC 7942 (2017)

Direct conversion of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to value-added chemicals by engineering of cyanobacteria has received attention as a sustainable strategy in food and chemical industries. Herein, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, a model cyanobacterium, was engineered to produce α-farnesene from CO<sub>2</sub>. As a result of the lack of farnesene synthase (FS) activity in the wild-type cyanobacterium, we metabolically engineered S. elongatus PCC 7942 to express heterologous FS from either Norway spruce or apple fruit, resulting in detectable peaks of α-farnesene. To enhance α-farnesene production, an optimized methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway was introduced in the farnesene-producing strain to supply farnesyl diphosphate. Subsequent cyanobacterial culture with a dodecane overlay resulted in photosynthetic production of α-farnesene (4.6 ± 0.4 mg/L in 7 days) from CO<sub>2</sub>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the photosynthetic production of α-farnesene from CO<sub>2</sub> in the unicellular cyanobacterium S. elongatus PCC 7942.
Improved emission and coherent detection of few-cycle terahertz transients using laser pulses at 1.5 μm (2007)

We present a comparative study of nonlinear optical materials for terahertz pulse generation by optical rectification and detection by electro-optic sampling, with the aim to find a material the is best suited for the use together with femtosecond lasers operating at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. Three crystals are identified that fulfill the condition that the optical group velocity matches the terahertz phase velocity: the organic salt DAST and the inorganic semiconductors GaAs and ZnTe, the latter showing velocity-matching with the second harmonic of 1.5 μm. A combined figure of merit for optical rectification and electro-optic sampling is derived. For the three materials under consideration, we find numerical values of 4300 (DAST):110 (GaAs):370 (ZnTe), in units of (pm/V)<sup>2</sup>. We also present experimental evidence that the performance of DAST is an order of magnitude better than those of the inorganic semiconductors, and we present spectroscopic data in the terahertz range of DSMOS, a chemical derivative of DAST that may in the future also be used for terahertz applications.
Automatic classification of wooden cabinet doors (2002)

This paper concerns the use of computer vision techniques for distinguishing finished wooden components in a manufacturing environment. The components are kitchen cabinet doors, which are produced in many different shapes and sizes. We have developed a system which can classify doors quickly and reliably as they travel on a conveyor. Two laser sources are used with three video cameras to obtain profile images. This paper describes the system, the feature extraction process, and the classification method. The system exists as a laboratory prototype, and has been successfully tested with a large number of samples. A duplicate system will be installed in a factory in the near future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A spectroscopic scanning electron microscope design (2004)

This paper describes a proposal to improve the design of scanning electron microscopes (SEMs). The design is based upon using an SEM column similar to the conventional one, magnetic sector plates and a mixed field immersion objective lens. The optical axis of the SEM column lies in the horizontal direction and the primary beam is turned through 90 degrees before it reaches the specimen. This arrangement allows for the efficient collection, detection and spectral analysis of the scattered electrons on a hemispherical surface that is located well away from the rest of the SEM column. The proposed SEM design can also be easily extended to incorporate time multiplexed columns and multi-column arrays.
Tagging like Humans: Diverse and Distinct Image Annotation (2018)

In this work we propose a new automatic image annotation model, dubbed {\bf diverse and distinct image annotation} (D2IA). The generative model D2IA is inspired by the ensemble of human annotations, which create semantically relevant, yet distinct and diverse tags. In D2IA, we generate a relevant and distinct tag subset, in which the tags are relevant to the image contents and semantically distinct to each other, using sequential sampling from a determinantal point process (DPP) model. Multiple such tag subsets that cover diverse semantic aspects or diverse semantic levels of the image contents are generated by randomly perturbing the DPP sampling process. We leverage a generative adversarial network (GAN) model to train D2IA. Extensive experiments including quantitative and qualitative comparisons, as well as human subject studies, on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed model can produce more diverse and distinct tags than the state-of-the-arts.
Learning-based 3D myocardial motion flowestimation using high frame rate volumetric ultrasound data (2010)

The estimation and analysis of cardiac motion provides important information for the quantification of the elasticity and contractility of the myocardium. Taking advantage of the recent progress on real-time ultrasound imaging, unstitched volumetric data can be captured in a high frame rate. In this paper, we propose a learning-based method to automatically estimate the 3D displacements and velocities of the myocardial motion. To achieve robust tracking on ultrasound image sequences, multiple information is fused together in our framework to handle noisy and missing data, including speckle patterns, boundary detection and motion prediction. Preliminary results on clinical data confirmed these findings in a qualitative manner. The estimated displacement and velocity values have a strong agreement with the results from other systems and modalities. The proposed method is efficient and achieves high speed performance of less than 1 second per frame for volumetric ultrasound data.
PSM polarimetry: monitoring polarization at 193nm high-NA and immersion with phase shifting masks (2005)

A technique using phase shifting test mask patterns is introduced for monitoring polarization balance of the illumination in high-NA and immersion projection printing systems. A set of test mask patterns are derived from high-NA proximity effects and serve to scatter light into high angle spatial frequencies. This creates a central intensity dependent only on the local state of polarization. A test mask consisting of multiple patterns is proposed to monitor the polarization from any arbitrary illumination scheme. Proper calibration of the test reticle enables reasonable mask making limitations and mask topography effects to be tolerated. A set of linear equations enable determination of the Stokes parameters from a series of resist images. Practical examples are simulated with rigorous electromagnetic theory. In resist, this technique is likely to monitor polarization with a sensitivity of over 1.5 percent of the clear field per percent change in polarization state for on-axis illumination, or over 0.75 percent for off-axis illumination. The effects of various realistic imaging conditions are discussed.
Reproduction of sound track signals by varying the detector threshold level as a function of the transverse scan position (1994)

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Cyclic AMP Signaling through Epac Axis Modulates Human Hemogenic Endothelium and Enhances Hematopoietic Cell Generation (2016)

Hematopoietic cells emerge from hemogenic endothelium in the developing embryo. Mechanisms behind human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development remain unclear. Using a human pluripotent stem cell differentiation model, we report that cyclic AMP (cAMP) induction dramatically increases HSC-like cell frequencies. We show that hematopoietic cell generation requires cAMP signaling through the Exchange proteins activated by cAMP (cAMP-Epac) axis; Epac signaling inhibition decreased both hemogenic and non-hemogenic endothelium, and abrogated hematopoietic cell generation. Furthermore, in hematopoietic progenitor and stem-like cells, cAMP induction mitigated oxidative stress, created a redox-state balance, and enhanced C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression, benefiting the maintenance of these primitive cells. Collectively, our study provides insights and mechanistic details on the previously unrecognized role of cAMP signaling in regulating human hematopoietic development. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of hematopoietic development toward the development of transplantable human hematopoietic cells for therapeutic needs.
Using Glide-Symmetric Holes to Reduce Leakage Between Waveguide Flanges (2018)

In this letter, a novel cost-effective flange is proposed to prevent the leakage created by undesired air gaps between flanges of two mating waveguides. The cause of an undesired gap can be surface curvature, dirt, human mistakes, or misalignment. Our proposal consists of machining glide-symmetric holes around the waveguide aperture on the flanges. Due to the glide symmetry properties, an identical pattern of the holes is possible at both sides, thus becoming glide-symmetric when they are mated together.
Semantics of Ranking Queries for Probabilistic Data (2010)

Recently, there have been several attempts to propose definitions and algorithms for ranking queries on probabilistic data. However, these lack many intuitive properties of a top-k over deterministic data. We define several fundamental properties, including exact-k, containment, unique rank, value invariance, and stability, which are satisfied by ranking queries on certain data. We argue that these properties should also be carefully studied in defining ranking queries in probabilistic data, and fulfilled by definition for ranking uncertain data for most applications. We propose an intuitive new ranking definition based on the observation that the ranks of a tuple across all possible worlds represent a well-founded rank distribution. We studied the ranking definitions based on the expectation, the median, and other statistics of this rank distribution for a tuple and derived the expected rank, median rank, and quantile rank correspondingly. We are able to prove that the expected rank, median rank, and quantile rank satisfy all these properties for a ranking query. We provide efficient solutions to compute such rankings across the major models of uncertain data, such as attribute-level and tuple-level uncertainty. Finally, a comprehensive experimental study confirms the effectiveness of our approach.
Haplotyping of wild type and I278T alleles of the human cystathionine ?-synthase gene based on a cluster of novel SNPs in IVS12 (2001)

Homocystinuria is most frequently due to deficiency of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS). We identified IVS12 as a polymorphism hot spot of the human CBS gene and report five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): g.13514G>A, g.13617A>G, g.13715C>T, g.13800G>A, and g.13904C>T. Analyzing 50 control DNA samples of unaffected and unrelated subjects of German origin the observed frequencies of heterozygosity were 0.02, 0.36, 0.18, 0.36, and 0.36, respectively. These polymorphic markers were combined into four distinct IVS12-haplotypes A1, A2, B1, and B2, revealing frequencies of 0.75, 0.01, 0.15, and 0.09, respectively, with an observed overall frequency of heterozygosity at 0.38. This haplotype system and the SNP c.699 were employed in the analysis of ten alleles affected by the most prevalent CBS mutation, c.833T>C (exon 8; I278T). We found that the I278T alleles segregate with at least two distinct haplotypes characterized by upstream and downstream polymorphic sites instead of sharing a common ancestral haplotype. This was a remarkable finding even in patients with very similar ethnic background. The novel haplotype system may facilitate future studies on the evolution of the CBS gene and might be suited for genotyping of families affected by homocystinuria.
In-line digital holographic microscopy based on intensity measurements at two planes (2011)

We propose a new approach of in-line digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with the capability of enhancing the hologram acquisition rate together with improved reconstruction capability. The method is based on the recording of two interferograms of the same object at slightly different planes. The technique utilizes the full spatial bandwidth of the camera and do not require phase-shifting of the reference beam. Furthermore, we exploit the method of subtraction of average intensity of the entire hologram to suppress the zero-order diffracted wave. The twin image is eliminated by Fourier domain processing of the two recorded holograms. Experimental results of both amplitude and phase objects demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Since the two interferograms can be recorded simultaneously by using two CCD or CMOS sensors, this new in-line DHM technique has the potential applications in biomedical research for the visualization of rapid dynamic processes at cellular level.
Localization of knee joint cartilage pathology by multichannel vibroarthrography (1995)

This paper proposes non-invasive techniques to localize sound or vibroarthrographic (VAG) signal sources in human knee joints. VAG signals from normal subjects, patients who subsequently underwent arthroscopy, and cadavers with arthroscopically-created lesions, obtained by stimulation with a finger tap over the mid-patella and swinging movement of the leg, were analyzed for time delays using cross-correlation functions for source localization. Correct results were obtained for 13 of the 14 subjects tested by finger stimulation, and for 11 of the 12 subjects whose VAG signals during swinging movement were analyzed. The techniques could be valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of knee pathology before and after joint surgery or drug therapy.
Parking lot occupancy determination from lamp-post camera images (2013)

In recent years, detection of parking space availability has become of great importance worldwide due to its high correlation with fuel consumption and traffic congestion. We propose a novel framework for the automatic detection of vacant parking spaces from a lamp-post camera view of a parking lot. Our method models the 3-D volume parking spaces based on the parking lot geometry. The occupancy of the parking lot is determined based on a vehicle detector and the inferred volume of each space. We evaluate our method on three different datasets and show that its accuracy is close to 80% on a wide variety of test images.
Biochemical mechanism and molecular basis for ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in sugarbeet (<i>Beta vulgaris</i>) somatic cell selections (1998)

Three sugarbeet selections differing in cross-resistance to three classes of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides have been developed using somatic cell selection. Sugarbeet selections resistant to imidazolinone herbicides, Sir-13 and 93R30B , do not metabolize [ 14 C]-imazethapyr any faster or differently than sensitive, wild-type sugarbeets or a sulfonylurea-resistant/imidazolinone-sensitive selection, Sur. ALS specific activity from the three herbicide-resistant selections ranged from 73 to 93% of the wild-type enzyme extracts in the absence of herbicide, indicating enzyme overexpression was not a factor in resistance. Acetolactate synthase from Sir-13 plants showed a 40-fold resistance to imazethapyr but no resistance to chlorsulfuron or flumetsulam. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of two regions of the ALS gene spanning all known sites for ALS-based herbicide resistance in plants indicated a single nucleotide change in the Sir-13 gene (G 337 to A 337 ) resulting in a deduced substitution of threonine for alanine at position 113 in the sugarbeet amino acid sequence. Sur ALS was not significantly resistant to imazethapyr, but was 1,000- and 50-fold resistant to chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam, respectively. Sur gene sequencing indicated a single nucleotide change ( C 562 to T 562 ) resulting in a serine for proline substitution at position 188 of the ALS primary structure. The 93R30B nucleotide sequence indicated two mutations resulting in two deduced amino acid substitutions: threonine for alanine at position 113 plus serine for proline at position 188. The 93R30B double mutant incorporated the changes observed in each of the single mutants above and correlated with higher resistance levels to imazethapyr (> 1,000-fold), chlorsulfuron (4,300-fold), and flumetsulam (200-fold) at the ALS level than observed in either of the single mutants. 93R30B represents the first double mutant derived by a two-step selection process that incorporates two class-specific ALS-inhibitor resistance mutations to form a single broad cross-resistance trait. The interaction of the two altered amino acids is synergistic with respect to enzyme resistance vs. the resistance afforded by each of the individual mutations.
Effect of pretreatment process parameters on diamond nucleation on unscratched silicon substrates coated with amorphous carbon films (1996)

Diamond nucleation on unscratched silicon substrates was investigated using a conventional microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Silicon substrates were coated with thin films of amorphous carbon using a vacuum arc technique. The carbon-coated silicon substrates were pretreated with a methane-rich plasma at relatively low temperatures and were subsequently exposed to the diamond nucleation conditions. The significance of the pretreatment on the diamond nucleation density was examined by varying the methane concentration, chamber pressure, and exposure time. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that densely packed spherical nanoparticles on the pretreated surfaces played the role of diamond nucleation seeds. Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that the nucleation seeds consisted of nonhydrogenated carbon and that their structure was influenced by the pretreatment conditions. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nucleation seeds comprised disordered graphitic carbon and ultrafine diamond crystallites. Submicrometer films of good quality diamond possessing significantly higher nucleation densities (∼5×1010 cm−2) were grown from nanoparticles produced under optimum pretreatment conditions. The enhancement of the diamond nucleation density is mainly attributed to the formation of a large number of nanoparticles, which provided sufficient high-surface free-energy sites for diamond nucleation, in conjunction with their high etching resistance to atomic hydrogen stemming from the significant percentage of sp3 atomic carbon configurations, as evidenced by the presence of nanocrystalline diamond in the nanoparticle structure.
Efficient Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptosystems Using Theta Divisors (2006)

It has recently been reported that the performance of hyperelliptic curve cryptosystems (HECC) is competitive to that of elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC). Concerning the security of HECC, the theta divisors play an important role. The scalar multiplication using a random base point is vulnerable to an exceptional procedure attack, which is a kind of side-channel attacks, using theta divisors. In the case of cryptographic protocols of the scalar multiplication using fixed base point, however, the exceptional procedure attack is not applicable. First, we present novel efficient scalar multiplication using theta divisors, which is the positive application of theta divisors on HECC. Second, we develop a window-based method using theta divisors that is secure against side-channel attacks. It is not obvious how to construct a base point D such that all pre-computed points are theta divisors. We present an explicit algorithm for generating such divisors.