gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Strategy for Polymer Blend Compatibilization:  Solid-State Shear Pulverization (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTNovel Strategy for Polymer Blend Compatibilization: Solid-State Shear PulverizationNaomi Furgiuele, Andrew H. Lebovitz, Klementina Khait, and John M. TorkelsonView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Technology Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120 Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 2, 225–228Publication Date (Web):December 28, 1999Publication History Received23 March 1999Published online28 December 1999Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma990434ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma990434irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1473Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Crystallinity,Homopolymers,Phase transitions,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Downy Mildew Resistance in <i>Arabidopsis</i> by Mutation of <i>HOMOSERINE KINASE</i>  (2009)

Plant disease resistance is commonly triggered by early pathogen recognition and activation of immunity. An alternative form of resistance is mediated by recessive downy mildew resistant 1 (dmr1) alleles in Arabidopsis thaliana. Map-based cloning revealed that DMR1 encodes homoserine kinase (HSK). Six independent dmr1 mutants each carry a different amino acid substitution in the HSK protein. Amino acid analysis revealed that dmr1 mutants contain high levels of homoserine that is undetectable in wild-type plants. Surprisingly, the level of amino acids downstream in the aspartate (Asp) pathway was not reduced in dmr1 mutants. Exogenous homoserine does not directly affect pathogen growth but induces resistance when infiltrated in Arabidopsis. We provide evidence that homoserine accumulation in the chloroplast triggers a novel form of downy mildew resistance that is independent of known immune responses.
Existence of a photonic band gap in two dimensions (1992)

A systematic theoretical investigation is undertaken in order to identify a two-dimensional periodic dielectric structure that has a complete in-plane photonic band gap for both polarizations. Of the various structures studied, only a triangular lattice of air columns is found to have the desired band-gap properties. Microwave transmission experiments are performed to test the theoretical predictions.
DYNAMIC ALLOCATION OF DATAPATH RESOURCES FOR LOW POWER (2001)

We show by profiling the execution of SPEC95 benchmarks that the usage of datapath resources in a modern superscalar processor is highly dynamic and correlated. The one-sizefits all philosophy used for permanently allocating datapath resources in a modern superscalar CPU is thus complexityineffective due to the overcommittment of resources in general. We propose a strategy to dynamically and simultaneously adjust the sizes of two such correlated resources - the dispatch buffer (also known as an issue queue) and the reorder buffer - to reduce power dissipation in the datapath without significant impact on the performance. We also show how the resizing technique can be augmented with dynamic adaptation of dispatch rate. Representative results show reduction in power dissipation of 69% for the dispatch buffer and of 52%for the reorder buffer with an average IPC loss below 8.5%.
Comparative Virus Resistance and Fruit Yield of Transgenic Squash with Single and Multiple Coat Protein Genes (1998)

Five transgenic squash lines expressing coat protein (CP) genes from cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV), and watermelon mosaic virus 2 potyvirus (WMV 2) were analyzed in the field for their reaction to mixed infections by these three viruses and for fruit production. Test plants were exposed to natural inoculations via aphids in trials simulating the introduction of viruses by secondary spread from mechanically infected susceptible border row plants. Plants of transgenic line CZW-3 expressing the CP genes from CMV, ZYMV, and WMV 2 displayed the highest level of resistance with no systemic infection, although 64% exhibited localized chlorotic dots which were mainly confined to older leaves. CZW-3 plants had a 50-fold increase in marketable yield compared to controls and the highest predicted cash returns. Plants of transgenic line ZW-20 expressing the CP genes from ZYMV and WMV 2 displayed high levels of resistance to these two potyviruses, but 22% became infected by CMV. However, ZW-20 plants provided a 40-fold increase in marketable yield relative to controls and good estimated cash returns. Three transgenic lines expressing single CP genes from either ZYMV (line Z-33), WMV 2 (line W-164) or CMV (line C-14) developed systemic symptoms similar to those of controls but showed a delay of 2 to 4 weeks before the onset of disease. Plants of transgenic line Z-33 were highly resistant to ZYMV but not to WMV 2 and CMV. Interestingly, Z-33 plants had a 20-fold increase in marketable yield compared to controls and some predicted cash returns if market sale prices were high. This study indicates that virus-resistant transgenic lines are economically viable even if they are affected by viruses other than those to which they are resistant.
Conservation of protective and nonprotective epitopes in M proteins of group A streptococci (1988)

Carefully controlled hybridization experiments with probes from a cloned serotype 5 M protein (M5) gene (smp5) were performed with DNA isolated from heterologous M types of group A streptococci, and the homologies detected by hybridization were compared with the ability of anti-pepM5 serum to cross-opsonize heterologous M types. As previously reported (J.R. Scott, S.K. Hollingshead, and V.A. Fischetti, Infect. Immun. 52:609-612, 1986), extensive structural homologies exist among the 3' ends of heterologous M protein genes, but there appears to be an increase in sequence variation as one moves towards the 5' ends. However, a clear, predictive correlation between the hybridization patterns and cross-opsonization was not observed. Antibodies raised to a synthetic peptide corresponding to central, conserved sequences adjacent to the C-terminal sides of the pepsin cleavage sites in M5, serotype 6 M protein, and serotype 24 M protein cross-reacted with heterologous acid-extracted M antigens but were not protective and did not bind to intact streptococcal cells, indicating that these epitopes are inaccessible on the intact cell surface. Removal of the N-terminal half of M5, serotype 6 M protein, or serotype 24 M protein by pepsin exposed the conserved epitope on the cell surface. These results suggest that immunoaccessible protective epitopes are confined to the highly variable N-terminal halves of M proteins and that a single, broadly conserved protective M protein epitope does not exist.
Microwave power GaAs MISFET's with undoped AlGaAs as an insulator (1984)

A metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor using an undoped AlGaAs layer as an insulator has been fabricated and RF tested. Due to the higher breakdown field of the wide-band-gap AlGaAs, the gate breakdown voltage has been greatly improved as compared with a conventional GaAs MESFET. The prebreakdown gate leakage current of this new device structure is also much lower than that of the MESFET. The presence of the gate insulator also reduces the gate capacitance. All these factors result in a GaAs power FET structure with potentials for high power, efficiency, and frequency of operation. An unoptimized 750-µm gate-width device achieved an output power of 630 mW with 7-dB gain and 37-percent power-added efficiency at 10 GHz. At reduced output power levels, power-added efficiency as high as 46-percent was obtained at X-band.
New microRNA-based diagnostic test for lung cancer classification. (2011)

10531 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA. Treatment options are determined by tumor subtyping, for which there is a lack of standardized techniques. Moreover, in about 20% of cases a subclassification is not possible on preoperative specimens. MicroRNA expression profiling is a promising new strategy for the accurate subclassification of lung cancers. Using microRNA microarray data generated from over a hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary lung cancer samples, we have identified microRNA expression profiles that differ significantly for the lung cancer subtypes. Based on these findings, we present here the development and clinical validation of a microRNA-based qRT-PCR assay that differentiates primary lung cancers into four types: squamous cell carcinoma, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), carcinoid and small cell carcinoma. This assay can be used on resection specimens, small biopsies and cell blocks from cytology. Methods: Over 550 FFPE and cell blocks from different histological subtypes of lung cancer, taken from primary lung cancer resection or pre-operative diagnostic procedures, were collected. High-quality RNA was extracted from the samples using proprietary protocols. Expression levels of potential microRNA biomarkers were profiled using a sensitive and specific qRT-PCR platform. Classifiers were developed to utilize the information in microRNA expression patterns for the subclassification of lung cancers. A validation set of more than 350 independent samples were analyzed blindly and classified using the developed assay. Results: Using expression levels of 8 microRNAs in qRT-PCR, accurate classification of the lung tumors into the four above-mentioned categories could be obtained. A diagnostic assay based on this technology was developed and validated using an independent, blinded sample set. Conclusions: We identified microRNAs that represent excellent biomarkers for the classification of lung primary tumors into four categories that are relevant for patient management decisions. These findings are the basis for the development of a standardized diagnostic assay that can be used to subclassify resection specimens as well as cytology samples.
Enumerating virus-like particles in an optically concentrated suspension by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2013)

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is one of the most sensitive methods for enumerating low concentration nanoparticles in a suspension. However, biological nanoparticles such as viruses often exist at a concentration much lower than the FCS detection limit. While optically generated trapping potentials are shown to effectively enhance the concentration of nanoparticles, feasibility of FCS for enumerating field-enriched nanoparticles requires understanding of the nanoparticle behavior in the external field. This paper reports an experimental study that combines optical trapping and FCS to examine existing theoretical predictions of particle concentration. Colloidal suspensions of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres and HIV-1 virus-like particles are used as model systems. Optical trapping energies and statistical analysis are used to discuss the applicability of FCS for enumerating nanoparticles in a potential well produced by a force field.
A Combination of Antigenic Regions of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Microneme Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against Oral Infection with Parasite Cysts (2005)

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii causes morbidity and mortality in congenitally infected and immunocompromised individuals. Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are involved in host resistance to invasion of the parasite. Among putative vaccine candidates, the T. gondii microneme proteins appear to be promising, because they are responsible for the invasion process. The present work focused on studying the immunogenicity of microneme proteins in infected individuals and in a mouse model of chronic toxoplasmosis. We identified 5 distinct antigenic regions within MIC2, MIC4, MIC2-associated protein, and apical membrane antigen 1 gene products, which were recognized by (1) T cells from both adults with acquired infection and children with congenital infection and (2) antibodies from all patients. Finally, we demonstrated that DNA immunization with microneme fragments elicited effective protection in mice (84% reduction in brain-cyst burden), suggesting that a combination of these antigenic regions should be considered in the design of potential vaccines against toxoplasmosis.
Activation of Toll-like Receptor-2 by Endogenous Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Modulates Dendritic-Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Responses (2014)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is involved in several physiological mechanisms, including wound healing and tumor progression. We show that MMP-2 directly stimulates dendritic cells (DCs) to both upregulate OX40L on the cell surface and secrete inflammatory cytokines. The mechanism underlying DC activation includes physical association with Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), leading to NF-κB activation, OX40L upregulation on DCs, and ensuing TH2 differentiation. Significantly, MMP-2 polarizes T cells toward type 2 responses in vivo, in a TLR2-dependent manner. MMP-2-dependent type 2 polarization may represent a key immune regulatory mechanism for protection against a broad array of disorders, such as inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases, which can be hijacked by tumors to evade immunity.
Chemical, Biological and Practical Aspects of Brassinosteroids (1990)

Chemical, biological and practical aspects of brassinosteroids, a new class of plant hormones, have been reviewed with 70 references. Distribution of brassinosteroids in the plant kingdom, their microanalysis by GC/MS and HPLC methods, chemical syntheses of natural brassinosteroids and unnatural derivatives, their biological activities and physiological actions, and their practical applications in agricultural fields have been discussed. Brassinosteroids have been shown to possess the following characteristics : promotion of germination and plant growth, raising of ripening, thickening promotion, recovery from stresses under various conditions (temperature, soils, diseases, salt or pesticide injury and etc.), and effects on flowering or its differentiation. It is expected that brassinosteroids will contribute agricultural production in the near future.
How Long Will My Phone Battery Last? (2017)

Mobile devices are only as useful as their battery lasts. Unfortunately, the operation and life of a mobile device's battery degrade over time and usage. The state-of-health (SoH) of batteries quantifies their degradation, but mobile devices are unable to support its accurate estimation -- despite its importance -- due mainly to their limited hardware and dynamic usage patterns, causing various problems such as unexpected device shutoffs or even fire/explosion. To remedy this lack of support, we design, implement and evaluate V-Health, a low-cost user-level SoH estimation service for mobile devices based only on their battery voltage, which is commonly available on all commodity mobile devices. V-Health also enables four novel use-cases that improve mobile users' experience from different perspectives. The design of V-Health is inspired by our empirical finding that the relaxing voltages of a device battery fingerprint its SoH, and is steered by extensive measurements with 15 batteries used for various commodity mobile devices, such as Nexus 6P, Galaxy S3, iPhone 6 Plus, etc. These measurements consist of 13,377 battery discharging/charging/resting cycles and have been conducted over 72 months cumulatively. V-Health has been evaluated via both laboratory experiments and field tests over 4-6 months, showing <5% error in SoH estimation.
On Error-Correction Performance and Implementation of Polar Code List\n Decoders for 5G (2017)

Polar codes are a class of capacity achieving error correcting codes that has\nbeen recently selected for the next generation of wireless communication\nstandards (5G). Polar code decoding algorithms have evolved in various\ndirections, striking different balances between error-correction performance,\nspeed and complexity. Successive-cancellation list (SCL) and its incarnations\nconstitute a powerful, well-studied set of algorithms, in constant improvement.\nAt the same time, different implementation approaches provide a wide range of\narea occupations and latency results. 5G puts a focus on improved\nerror-correction performance, high throughput and low power consumption: a\ncomprehensive study considering all these metrics is currently lacking in\nliterature. In this work, we evaluate SCL-based decoding algorithms in terms of\nerror-correction performance and compare them to low-density parity-check\n(LDPC) codes. Moreover, we consider various decoder implementations, for both\npolar and LDPC codes, and compare their area occupation and power and energy\nconsumption when targeting short code lengths and rates. Our work shows that\namong SCL-based decoders, the partitioned SCL (PSCL) provides the lowest area\noccupation and power consumption, whereas fast simplified SCL (Fast-SSCL)\nyields the lowest energy consumption. Compared to LDPC decoder architectures,\ndifferent SCL implementations occupy up to 17.1x less area, dissipate up to\n7.35x less power, and up to 26x less energy.\n
All-spherical catadioptric telescope with small corrector lenses (1982)

A well-corrected telescope with a large spherical primary mirror can be realized by using three or four small, widely spaced, corrector lenses. An interesting solution uses the lenses in a relay configuration which results in an erect image, accessible real exit pupil, and an internal field stop. Lateral color is corrected by adding a field lens at an intermediate focus. Polychromatic axial correction is excellent despite use of only one type of glass. The useful field of view is typically limited to 1 deg. Examples are presented.
Load monitoring and output power control of a wireless power transfer system without any wireless communication feedback (2013)

For mid-range wireless power applications, the load is normally far away from the power source. In this project, a new method is proposed to determine the load impedance and load power without using any direct output feedback. Based only on the information of the input voltage and current, the load impedance and load power can be monitored and controlled without using any wired or wireless feedback from the load. This new method can therefore eliminate the need for any directly measured output feedback, which was previously thought to be essential. It also makes the power control of a wireless power transfer very simple. The concept is verified by the comparison between the computed results and practical results of an 8-ring domino wireless power transfer system. A good degree of accuracy has been achieved in the verification.
ZnO functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for methane sensing at single parts per million concentration levels (2015)

This paper presents a novel atomic layer deposition (ALD) based ZnO functionalization of surface pretreated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for highly sensitive methane chemoresistive sensors. The temperature optimization of the ALD process leads to enhanced ZnO nanoparticle functionalization and improvement in their crystalline quality as shown by energy dispersive x-ray and Raman spectroscopy. The behavior of ZnO–MWCNT sensors in presence of methane concentrations down to 2 ppm level has been compared with that of pristine MWCNTs demonstrating that ZnO functionalization is an essential factor behind the highly sensitive chemoresistive nature of the ZnO–MWCNT heterostructures. The sensor is currently being tested under a range of conditions that include potentially interfering gases and changes to relative humidity.
A handheld platform for target protein detection and quantification using disposable nanopore strips (2018)

Accessible point-of-care technologies that can provide immunoassay and molecular modalities could dramatically enhance diagnostics, particularly for infectious disease control in low-resource settings. Solid-state nanopores are simple and durable sensors with low-energy instrumentation requirements. While nanopore sensors have demonstrated efficacy for nucleic acid targets, selective detection and quantification of target proteins from sample background has not been demonstrated. We present a simple approach for electronic detection and quantification of target proteins that combines novel biomolecular engineering methods, a portable reader device and disposable nanopore test strips. The target of interest can be varied by swapping the binding domain on our engineered detection reagent, which eficiently binds in the bulk-phase to the target and subsequently generates a unique signature when passing through the pore. We show modularity of the detection reagent for two HIV antibodies, TNFα and tetanus toxin as targets. A saliva swab-to-result is demonstrated for clinically relevant HIV antibody levels (0.4-20 mg/liter) in under 60 seconds. While other strip-like assays are qualitative, the presented method is quantitative and sets the stage for simultaneous immunoassay and molecular diagnostic functionality within a single portable platform.
Pyrethroid insecticides derived from substituted biphenyl‐3‐ylmethanols (1983)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of mono‐ and disubstituted biphenyl‐3‐ylmethyl esters of 3‐(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid is described. The bioactivity of these compounds against Spodoptera eridania, Epilachna varivestis, Oncopeltus fasciatus, Acrythosiphon pisum and Tetranychus urticae is presented and discussed. Substitution of fluorine, chlorine and methyl groups in the 2‐position of the biphenyl ring generally led to an increase in activity over the unsubstituted parent biphenyl ester. In addition, pyrethroid esters derived from these 2‐substituted biphenyl‐3‐ylmethanols appeared to have a broader spectrum of activity than ‘classical’ pyrethroids. For example, the (1 RS )‐ cis ‐3‐(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)‐2, 2‐dimethylcyclopro‐panecarboxylic acid ester of 2‐methylbiphenyl‐3‐ylmethanol was acaricidal, while maintaining a level of activity against other insects that was equal to or greater than cis ‐permethiin. Biological data on other esters of this novel alcohol are also presented.
Molecular Level Control over the Surface and Interfacial Properties of High-<i>T</i><sub>c</sub> Superconductors (1996)

The spontaneous adsorption of alkylamines and fluorinated alkylamines onto the surface of cuprate-based compounds is reported. These monolayer films allow for control of the wetting properties, corrosion resistance, and adhesion characteristics of these superconductors. The molecules form densely packed, highly oriented structures on the high-Tc surfaces as evidenced by contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray reflectivity, and corrosion resistance measurements. Thus, molecular level control over important surface and interfacial properties of cuprate superconductors is demonstrated.