gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a plasma mirror for microwaves (1992)

A plane sheet of partially ionized plasma produced by a pulsed, hollow-cathode glow discharge in an axial magnetic field has been shown to reflect X-band microwaves as well as an equivalent sheet of metal. The plasma mirror can be established and extinguished on a time scale of about 20 mu s and could form the basis of an extremely agile radar system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON PYRAZOLO(3,4‐D)PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES. III. THE REACTION OF 1‐METHYL‐ AND 1‐PHENYL‐4‐CHLORO‐1H‐PYRAZOLO(3,4‐D)PYRIMIDINE WITH CARBANION (1977)

Abstract 4‐Chlor‐pyrazolo‐pyrimidine (I) bzw. (IV) reagieren mit Malononitri1, Cyanessigsäureester, Phenylacetonitril, Acetessigsäureester, Malonsäureester, Aceton, 2‐Butanon und anderen Ketonen in Gegenwart von Natriumamid zu 4‐substituierten Pyrazold‐pyrimidinen (III) bzw. (V) (Ausbeute 3 ‐ 79%), wobei im Falle des Acetessigsäureesters Desacetylierung eintritt.
Sensitivity and temperature behavior of a novel<i>z</i>-axis differential resonant micro accelerometer (2016)

The present work concerns the operating principle and a thorough experimental characterization of a new polysilicon resonant micro accelerometer for out-of-plane measurements, fabricated using an industrial surface micromachining technique. This device is characterized by differential resonant sensing, obtained from the variation of the electrostatic stiffness of two torsional resonators under the application of an external acceleration. The sensitivity, defined as the differential shift in resonance frequencies per gravity unit (lg = 9.8 m s−2), is of about 10 Hz g−1when operated at a DC bias of 1.5 V only. Over an acceleration range larger than 10 g, the deviation from linearity is lower than 1% and the cross-axis rejection is larger than 34 dB. The resonators temperature coefficients of frequency, in the order of −29 ppm C−1, are matched within about 0.1%, resulting in linear offset drifts against temperature lower than 5 mg up to 95 C in absence of any digital compensation.
Enzymatic hydrolyzing performance of Acremonium cellulolyticus and Trichoderma reesei against three lignocellulosic materials (2009)

We investigated the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials by cellulase derived from two types of filamentous fungi. We found that glucan-hydrolyzing activity of the culture supernatant from A. cellulolyticus was superior to that from T. reesei, while the xylan-hydrolyzing activity was superior for the cellulase from T. reesei. Moreover, Acremonium cellulase exhibited a greater glucan and mannan-hydrolyzing activity than Accellerase 1000.
Widely-tunable, narrow-linewidth III-V/silicon hybrid external-cavity laser for coherent communication (2018)

We demonstrate a III-V/silicon hybrid external cavity laser with a tuning range larger than 60 nm at the C-band on a silicon-on-insulator platform. A III-V semiconductor gain chip is hybridized into the silicon chip by edge-coupling the silicon chip through a Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> spot size converter. The demonstrated packaging method requires only passive alignment and is thus suitable for high-volume production. The laser has a largest output power of 11 mW with a maximum wall-plug efficiency of 4.2%, tunability of 60 nm (more than covering the C-band), and a side-mode suppression ratio of 55 dB (>46 dB across the C-band). The lowest measured linewidth is 37 kHz (<80 kHz across the C-band), which is the narrowest linewidth using a silicon-based external cavity. In addition, we successfully demonstrate all silicon-photonics-based transmission of 34 Gbaud (272 Gb/s) dual-polarization 16-QAM using our integrated laser and silicon photonic coherent transceiver. The results show no additional penalty compared to commercially available narrow linewidth tunable lasers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of a complete silicon photonic based coherent link. This is also the first experimental demonstration of >250 Gb/s coherent optical transmission using a silicon micro-ring-based tunable laser.
3D Bolus Tracking with Frequency-Shifted BURST MRI (1994)

Objective Our goal was to develop and test a 3D bolus-tracking MR technique for perfusion imaging of normal and pathological (infarcted) human brain. Materials and Methods All experiments were performed on standard 1.5 T GE/Signa clinical scanners. Five normal volunteers and one patient with a subacute brain infarct were studied. Modified [frequency-shifted (FS)] BURST MRI was performed during injection of a bolus of Gd-DTPA (0.13 mmol/kg) in the antecubital vein. The 3D datasets were acquired with a time resolution of 2.2 s and an effective spatial resolution of 4.3 ± 4.3 ± 6.4 mm. Three-dimensional maps of blood volume and bolus arrival time were determined by fitting a synthetic curve to the intensity time course on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Results Both relative cerebral blood volume and arrival time maps demonstrated sensitivity to regional differences in blood supply in both normal brain and in the subacute brain infarction. The transit time maps showed arrival time delays of 5–7 s within and around the infarct and confirmed the diagnosis of left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Conclusion The results of the measurements on both normal and diseased human brain demonstrated the ability to acquire valuable 3D information about brain perfusion using FS BURST MRI.
Rapid Diagnostic Assay for Intact Influenza Virus Using a High Affinity Hemagglutinin Binding Protein (2017)

Influenza is a ubiquitous and recurring infection that results in approximately 500 000 deaths globally each year. Commercially available rapid diagnostic tests are based upon detection of the influenza nucleoprotein, which are limited in that they are unable to differentiate by species and require an additional viral lysis step. Sample preprocessing can be minimized or eliminated by targeting the intact influenza virus, thereby reducing assay complexity and leveraging the large number of hemagglutinin proteins on the surface of each virus. Here, we report the development of a paper-based influenza assay that targets the hemagglutinin protein; the assay employs a combination of antibodies and novel computationally designed, recombinant affinity proteins as the capture and detection agents. This system leverages the customizability of recombinant protein design to target the conserved receptor-binding pocket of the hemagglutinin protein and to match the trimeric nature of hemagglutinin for improved avidity. Using this assay, we demonstrate the first instance of intact influenza virus detection using a combination of antibody and affinity proteins within a porous network. The recombinant head region binder based assays yield superior analytical sensitivity as compared to the antibody based assay, with lower limits of detection of 3.54 × 10<sup>7</sup> and 1.34 × 10<sup>7</sup> CEID<sub>50</sub>/mL for the mixed and all binder stacks, respectively. Not only does this work describe the development of a novel influenza assay, it also demonstrates the power of recombinant affinity proteins for use in rapid diagnostic assays.
Clinical outcome and benefit of oxaliplatin in colon cancer according to intrinsic subtypes: Results from NRG Oncology/NSABP C-07. (2016)

3510 Background: In the C-07 trial for stage II/III colon cancer, oxaliplatin added to 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin (FULV) provided significant but modest absolute benefit for DFS. We hypothesized that molecular subtypes would be associated with differential prognosis and benefit from oxaliplatin. Methods: C-07 cases were divided into discovery (n = 848) and validation (n = 881) cohorts based on the chronological order of tissue block submission. Patients (pts) from a discovery cohort were subtyped with the CRCA classifier described by Sadanandam et al (enterocyte, goblet-like, transit amplifying, stem-like, and inflammatory). A re-estimated centroid using 72 genes included in a custom nCounter gene code set was used to determine subtypes and their association with oxaliplatin benefit in the discovery cohort. The validation cohort was then prospectively examined with a prespecified statistical analysis plan. Post-hoc analysis included examination of the entire cohort with CRCA, CCS and CMS subtyping methods. Results: In both discovery and validation cohorts, stem-like subtype was associated with poor prognosis and lack of benefit from oxaliplatin. While stage III C-07 pts with an enterocyte subtype had a statistically significant benefit from oxaliplatin in the discovery cohort (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.223), only a trend for benefit was observed in the validation cohort (HR = 0.525, P= 0.141). Failure to validate may have been due to limited power or a limited number of genes defining the enterocytye subtype because the code set was designed before subtypes were described. Examination of the different subtyping methods shows that all 3 methods robustly identified the same poor prognostic pts (stem-like, CCS-3 and CMS-4). Conclusions: The apparent clinical utility of subtyping includes the identification of the stem-like subtype because it can be robustly identified, and have a very poor prognosis. Patients with stem-like subtype in our retrospective study received no benefit from oxaliplatin. Future clinical trials are required to determine the extent of the clinical utility of subtyping for oxaliplatin benefit. Support: U10-CA-180868, -189867, -180822; Sanofi Clinical trial information: NCT00004931.
Open-access phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers for long-term single cell heterogeneity study (2011)

We demonstrate, for the first-time, long-term culturing of single cells under continuous phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers (Ph-OET) trapping. A new device configuration, open-access Ph-OET, is presented to integrate the trapping functionality of Ph-OET with culturing capabilities in a Petri dish. Maintenance of human leukemia cell lines (K562, Jurkat) under optical manipulation for up to five cell generation has been achieved.
Modified properties of serum cholinesterases in primary carcinomas (1988)

Cholinesterases were characterized in the serum of 77 treated and 11 untreated patients having primary carcinomas of various tissue origins and 21 healthy volunteers which served as controls. In most of the samples, pseudocholinesterase (BuChE) accounted for almost all cholinesterase (ChE) activity and was inhibited by the organophosphorous poison tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide (iso-OMPA). In samples from the tumor-bearing patients, ChE degraded 733 +/- 59 nmole acetylcholine/h/mg protein, lower than the 960 +/- 175 nmole/hour/mg levels measured in controls. Tumor serum ChE exhibited elevated sensitivity to 1,5-bis-(4-allyldimethyl ammonium phenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide (BW), the selective bisquaternary inhibitor of "true" acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with no correlation to age, sex, staging of tumor, presence of metastases or the specific treatment protocol, and with a different distribution pattern from the decrease in ChE specific activity or the sensitivity to iso-OMPA. In sucrose gradients, ChE sedimented as 12S in controls whereas in tumor serum samples from treated patients an additional component of 6 to 7 S, inhibited by both iso-OMPA and BW, also was detected. However, the ChE activity in serum of patients with diagnosed carcinomas before surgery and medical treatment appeared to be nondistinguishable from controls. These findings suggest that the modified properties of serum cholinesterases in carcinoma patients are not the result of the tumor itself, but that the common therapy protocols used in the treatment of primary carcinomas may cause the appearance of soluble ChE activity with properties of both AChE and BuChE, which accumulates in the serum.
A Heart Rate Driven Kalman Filter for Continuous Arousal Trend Monitoring (2018)

This paper proposes a continuous and unsupervised approach of monitoring the arousal trend of an individual from his heart rate using Kalman Filter. The state-space model of the filter characterizes the baseline arousal condition. Deviations from this baseline model are used to recognize the arousal trend. A publicly available dataset, DECAF, comprising the physiological responses of 30 subjects while watching 36 movie clips inducing different emotions, is used to validate the proposed technique. For each clip, annotations of arousal given by experts per second are used to quantify the ground truth of arousal change. Experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm achieves a median correlation of 0.53 between the computed and expected arousal levels which is significantly higher than that achievable by the state-of-the-art technique.
Mueller matrix dual-rotating retarder polarimeter (1992)

A computer-controlled Mueller matrix polarimeter with dual rotating retarders is described. Bulk properties of optical materials are determined by controlling the input-polarization state and measuring the output-polarization state. The Mueller matrix of a sample is obtained from polarimetric measurements, and polarization properties, i.e., diattenuation and retardance as well as depolarization, are extracted from the Mueller matrix. Further, fundamental electro- and magneto-optical material properties such as the electro-optical tensor coefficients may be obtained from Mueller matrices measured with applied fields. The polarimeter is currently configured to operate over the 3- to 12-microm spectral region.
Energy optimization procedure for treatment planning with laser‐accelerated protons (2007)

A simple analytical model is found that predicts the exact proton spectrum needed to obtain a spread-out-Bragg peak (SOBP) distribution for laser-accelerated proton beams. The theory is based on the solution to the Boltzmann kinetic equation for the proton distribution function. The resulting analytical expression allows one to calculate the SOBP proton energy spectra for the different beamlet sizes and modulation depths that can be readily implemented in the calculation of energy and intensity modulated proton dose distributions. Since the practical implementation of energy modulation for proton beams is realized through the discrete superposition of individual Bragg peaks, it is shown that there exists an optimal relationship between the energy sampling size and the width of the initial proton energy distribution.
Cleat Characterization in CBM wells for completion Optimization (2008)

Abstract Fracture systems comprise the primary flow path within coal bed methane (CBM) reservoirs. These fractures, also called as cleats, define the reservoir character and fluid flow potential. Cleats are commonly mutually orthogonal and occur perpendicular or at very high angles to the bedding. The standard suites of logs, such as density/neutron, gamma ray and resistivity, define some of the petrophysical properties of the coal layers, but the nature and extent of cleating often remains poorly defined from these logs and by using standard log evaluation methods. A CBM well may often penetrate multiple reservoir zones (seams) and properly characterizing the cleats will help in determining which of these seams should be completed to optimize the production. In addition, through better seam characterization, a technical basis for a preferred completion method (horizontal well, hydraulic fracture, open hole or cavity) can be ascertained. High cleat density in coal seams is an essential requirement for better fluid flow in CBM reservoirs. The primary cleat direction and its relation with the in-situ horizontal stress directions define the fluid flow potential through the cleats and such information can be used to select the completion method. In this study, full waveform sonic log with monopole and flexural waveform and high resolution electrical image log data from CBM wells in Jharkhand, India, have been integrated, in a bid to identify the ideal candidates for completion. Coal seams for best production potential are identified through cleat density characterization. In this paper, we show how compressional and shear slowness variation and Stoneley waveform transmission coefficient analysis are used to interpret the variation in cleat density. The cleat density is further validated from the fracture analysis using micro-resistivity image logs. Cleat orientation can be determined from the detailed structural evaluation of the fractures seen in the high resolution resistivity image. Maximum horizontal stress direction has been computed from acoustic anisotropy evaluation. This maximum stress direction and cleat orientation have been integrated to identify seams that will have better deliverability of fluids. In this paper we provide a guideline for selecting a completion methodology in coal bed methane wells based on cleat density, stress direction, cleat orientation and wellbore stability.
Photolytic hydrogen production from water (1982)

The photodissociation of water into hydrogen gas is mediated by a catalytic dispersion of fine metal particles. This dispersion is stabilized by polymers of alkylene glycols which are adsorptive to said particles and which act as protective agents in solution.
Electrodynamic Wireless Power Transmission to Rotating Magnet Receivers (2014)

This paper presents an approach for electrodynamic wireless power transmission (EWPT) using a synchronously rotating magnet located in a 3.2 cm3 receiver. We demonstrate wireless power transmission up to 99 mW (power density equal to 31 mW/cm3) over a 5-cm distance and 5 mW over a 20-cm distance. The maximum operational frequency, and hence maximal output power, is constrained by the magnetic field amplitude. A quadratic relationship is found between the maximal output power and the magnetic field. We also demonstrate simultaneous, power transmission to multiple receivers positioned at different locations.
Physical Simulation for Water Invasion and Water Control Optimization in Water Drive Gas Reservoirs (2021)

Abstract The development of water drive gas reservoirs (WDGRs) with fractures or strong heterogeneity is severely influenced by water invasion. Accurately simulating the rules of water invasion and drainage gas recovery countermeasures in fractured WDGRs, thereby revealing the mechanism of water invasion and an appropriate development strategy, is important for formulating water management measures and enhancing the recovery of gas reservoirs. In this work, physical simulation methods were proposed to gain a better understanding of water invasion and to optimize the water control of fractured WDGRs. Five groups of experiments were designed and conducted to probe the impacts of the distance between the fractures and the gas well, the drainage position, the drainage timing and the aquifer size on the water invasion and production performance of a gas reservoir. The gas and water production and the internal pressure drop were monitored in real time during the experiments. Based on the above experimental works, a theoretical analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the gas reservoir recovery via the gas well production performance, water invasion, dynamic pressure drop and residual gas and water distribution analysis. The results show that when the fracture scale was appropriate, a gas well drilled close to a fracture (Experiment 1–3) or a high-permeability formation could also produce gas and achieve drainage efficiently. The recovery factor of Experiment 1–3 reached 62.5%, which was 24.6% and 21.1% higher than those of Experiments 1–1 and 1–2, respectively, which had wells drilled in low-permeability areas. Draining water near an aquifer can effectively inhibit water invasion during the early stage of gas recovery. The setup in Experiment 2 − 1 effectively inhibited water invasion and avoided the formation of water-sealed volumes of gas to recover 30% more gas than recovered with that of Experiment 1–1 without drainage wells. A shorter distance between the drainage well and the aquifer increased the drainage capacity and decreased the gas production capacity, respectively (Well 2 at Point A vs Point B). A larger aquifer had a lower gas recovery, which reduced the economic benefit. For example, due to an infinitely large aquifer, the reserves in Experiment 4 − 1 were developed by a single well, the gas recovery was only 33.4%. These research results are expected to be beneficial for the preparation of development plans and the optimization of water control measures for WDGRs.
Biochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle. Evidence for a 52,000 Da subunit. (1988)

The 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor purified from rabbit skeletal muscle contains four polypeptide components of 175,000 Da (nonreduced)/150,000 Da (reduced), 170,000, 52,000, and 32,000 Da (Leung, A. T., Imagawa, T., and Campbell, K. P. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7943-7946). A monoclonal antibody specific to the 52,000-Da polypeptide component of the dihydropyridine receptor has been produced and used in immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments to demonstrate that the 52,000-Da polypeptide is an integral subunit of the purified dihydropyridine receptor. Peptide mapping experiments with 32P-labeled dihydropyridine receptor have also demonstrated that the 52,000-Da polypeptide is distinct from and not a proteolytic fragment of the 170,000-Da subunit. Densitometric scanning of Coomassie Blue-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of the purified dihydropyridine receptor has demonstrated that the 52,000-Da polypeptide exists in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with the 170,000-, 175,000/150,000-, and 32,000-Da subunits of the dihydropyridine receptor. Electron microscopy of the freeze-dried, rotary-shadowed dihydropyridine receptor has shown that the preparation contains a homogeneous population of 16 x 22-nm ovoidal particles large enough to contain all four polypeptides of the dihydropyridine receptor. The particles have two distinct components of similar size which may represent the location in the molecule of the two larger subunits.
A Secure Exception Mode for Fault-Attack-Resistant Processing (2018)

Fault attacks are a known threat to secure embedded implementations. We propose a generic technique to detect and react to fault attacks on embedded software. The countermeasure combines a micro-architecture extension in hardware with a secure trap in software. The combined extension leads to a secure exception mode to handle fault attacks. The microprocessor hardware uses a low-level hardware checkpointing mechanism to recover from fault injection. A high-level secure trap in software then enables an application-specific response. The trap is user-defined and can be co-developed with the application. The combination of hardware fault detection and recovery, with a high-level fault response policy in software leads to significantly lower overhead when compared to traditional redundancy-based techniques in hardware or software. We demonstrate a prototype implementation of the proposed secure exception mode. The prototype is based on a modified LEON3 processor and it is able to detect and respond to setup-time violation attacks. We have realized the design in a 180 nm standard cell ASIC with integrated memory. Using several driver application examples, we characterize the software and hardware overhead of the proposed solution, and we compare it to the conventional redundancy-based solutions. In our understanding this is the first proof-in-silicon processor to offer a comprehensive secure exception mode against fault-injection attacks.
A General Method of Halogenation for Synthesis of α‐Halodifluoromethyl Ketones and [<sup>18</sup>F]‐Labeled Trifluoromethyl Ketones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.