gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated alignment of MRI brain scan by anatomic landmarks (2009)

We present a method to automate acquisition of MR brain scans to allow consistent alignment of diagnostic images for patient follow-up, and to depict standardized anatomy for all patients. The algorithm takes as input a low-resolution acquisition that depicts the patient position within the scanner. The mid-sagittal plane dividing the brain hemispheres is automatically detected, as are bony landmarks at the front and back of the skull. The orientation and position of a subsequent diagnostic, high resolution scan is then aligned based on these landmarks. The method was tested on 91 data sets, and was completely successful in 93.4% of cases, performed acceptably in 4.4% of cases, and failed for 1.1%. We conclude that the method is suitable for clinical use and should prove valuable for improving consistency of acquisitions.
A multi-channel hearing prosthesis for profound-to-total hearing loss (1984)

A multi-channel cochlear implant hearing prosthesis providing 22 separate channels of stimulation has been developed. The electronics for the implantable receiver-stimulator have been incorporated on a single chip, using digital circuits and employing CMOS technology. The chip is enclosed in a titanium capsule with platinum/ceramic electrode feed-throughs. A pocket-sized speech processor and directional microphone extract the following speech parameters: signal amplitude, fundamental frequency and formant frequency. The fundamental frequency is coded as electric pulse rate, and formant frequency by electrode position. The speech processor has been realized using hybrid circuits and CMOS gate arrays. The multi-channel prosthesis has undergone a clinical trial on four postlingually deaf patients with profound-total hearing losses. The speech perception results indicate that they were able to obtain open-set speech recognition scores for phonetically balanced words, CID sentences and spondees. In all cases the tests showed significant improvements when using the cochlear prosthesis combined with lipreading compared to lipreading alone.
Dielectric Waveguide Including a Tapered Wave Absorber (1997)

A predistortion linearizer ( ) and method for distorting an ac input signal ( ) to a power amplifier ( ) provide a distortion to the input signal which is complementary to a distortion in terms of gain and phase, introduced by the power amplifier as a function of signal amplitude, thereby to linearize the power amplifier. The linearizer includes a switching circuit ( ,Z , ,Z ) having an input terminal ( ) and an output terminal ( ) and a pair of antiparallel diodes ( , ) connected between the input terminal and the output terminal of the switching circuit. The linearizer has also an impedance circuit Z comprising solely passive electrical elements connected between the input terminal and the output terminal of the switching circuit, wherein elements of the impedance circuit have values selected to introduce the complementary distortion to the input signal as a function of amplitude of the input signal to linearize the power amplifier. 14 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
Complex-Amplitude Spatial Light Modulators (1995)

Spatial light modulators (SLMs) of proposed type provide independent control over both phase and amplitude of electromagnetic field of modulated light. Useful in optical processing of information in which it is essential to control complex amplitude as function of time and of position in correlation plane.
In-memory computing on a photonic platform (2018)

Collocated data processing and storage are the norm in biological systems. Indeed, the von Neumann computing architecture, that physically and temporally separates processing and memory, was born more of pragmatism based on available technology. As our ability to create better hardware improves, new computational paradigms are being explored. Integrated photonic circuits are regarded as an attractive solution for on-chip computing using only light, leveraging the increased speed and bandwidth potential of working in the optical domain, and importantly, removing the need for time and energy sapping electro-optical conversions. Here we show that we can combine the emerging area of integrated optics with collocated data storage and processing to enable all-photonic in-memory computations. By employing non-volatile photonic elements based on the phase-change material, Ge2Sb2Te5, we are able to achieve direct scalar multiplication on single devices. Featuring a novel single-shot Write/Erase and a drift-free process, such elements can multiply two scalar numbers by mapping their values to the energy of an input pulse and to the transmittance of the device, codified in the crystallographic state of the element. The output pulse, carrying the information of the light-matter interaction, is the result of the computation. Our all-optical approach is novel, easy to fabricate and operate, and sets the stage for development of entirely photonic computers.
Simple repetition rate tunable picosecond pulse-generating 10 GHz laser (2004)

A compact, passively fundamental-mode-locked, optically pumped Er:Yb:glass laser where the pulse repetition rate is continuously tunable in the range 8.8–13.3 GHz is demonstrated. The average output power exceeds 20 mW, and the pulse duration is between 1.7 and 1.9 ps over the whole tuning range. Tuning is turnkey and the main laser parameters remain unchanged during tuning.
Songle Sync (2018)

This paper presents Songle Sync, a web-based platform on which hundreds of Internet-connected devices - including smartphones, computers, and other physical computing devices - can be controlled to synchronize with music playback. It uses music-understanding technologies to dynamically synthesize music-driven multimedia performances from a musical piece of choice. To simultaneously control hundreds of devices, a conventional architecture keeps always-on connections between them. However, it does not scale and suffers from latency and jitter issues when there are various devices with potentially unstable networks. We address this with a novel autonomous control architecture in which each device is notified of forthcoming musical events (e.g., beats and chorus sections) to automatically drive various changes in multimedia performances. Moreover, we provide a development kit of an event-driven multimedia framework for JavaScript, example programs, and an interactive tutorial. To evaluate the platform, we compared latencies, jitters, and amounts of network traffic between ours and the conventional architecture. To examine use cases in the wild, we deployed the platform to drive over a hundred of a variety of devices. We also developed a web browser-based application for a multimedia performance with music playback. It provided audiences of hundreds with a bring-your-own-device experience of synchronized animations on smartphones. In addition, the development kit was used in a two-day hackathon. We report lessons learned from these studies and discuss the future of the Internet of Musical Things.
A Mechanistic Study of Sulfonium Salts Acting as Ferric Ion Corrosion Inhibitors (1980)

Certain sulfonium salts will inhibit the ferric ion corrosion of mild steel in ammonium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at pH 5. The mechanism was studied using coupon weight-loss, potentiostatic polarization, contact angle, and chemical identification methods. These techniques show that the reduction of several benzylic sulfonium salts gives hydrophobic coatings that probably are the true inhibitor films.
Enantioselective Enzymatic Reactions in Miniemulsions as Efficient “Nanoreactors” (2006)

Phasing in: Miniemulsions are homogenous mixtures in which the organic phase is dispersed in the form of nanometer-scale droplets, which can act as efficient “nanoreactors” for enantioselective enzymatic transformations. Very high substrate concentrations are possible, and both α- and β-amino acids were prepared with high conversions and up to >99 % ee.
A single-frequency multitransmitter telemetry technique (1982)

A telemetry technique for a special data collection system being developed for use on general aviation aircraft involved in aeronautical research programs is described. The system consists of a number of sensor-transmitter units at different locations on the aircraft, with individual signal conditioning and logic, which send sampled data signals to a single receiver in the airplane. The transmitters operate independently on the same frequency and are not synchronized to the receiver. The problem of reception of multiple samples simultaneously is treated by discarding such samples. An overlap detection technique for the frequency shift keyed modulation system is described. The amount of predicted data loss due to overlap is presented and compared with results obtained with a circuit implementation; the effects of discarded data on accuracy is discussed.
Evaluation of Matricaria aurea Extracts as Effective Anti-Corrosive Agent for Mild Steel in 1.0 M HCl and Isolation of Their Active Ingredients (2019)

Plant extracts have shown promising corrosion inhibitive actions for different metals in diverse corrosive climate. In numerous studies, it has been demonstrated that corrosion inhibitive features of plant extracts are due to the presence of complex mixtures of phytomolecules in their composition. However, rare efforts have been made to identify those phytomolecules accountable for the activity of the extracts. Therefore, in this paper, several Matricaria aurea extracts were prepared and assessed for their anticorrosive actions for mild steel (MS) in corrosive media (1.0 M HCl). Among the tested extracts, the methanolic extract showing the utmost anticorrosive activity was selected and processed further to identify its active phytomolecules, which led to the identification of a novel green corrosion inhibitor, MAB (Apigetrin). Furthermore, the anticorrosive properties of MAB on MS were evaluated comprehensively involving gravimetric, linear polarization, Tafel plots, EIS, and techniques like SEM and EDS. These findings expose that MAB performs like a mixed-type inhibitor and conforms the isotherm of Langmuir adsorption model. Moreover, the MS surface via SEM techniques exhibits a remarkable advanced surface of the MS plate in the company of MAB. The outcome of results through electrochemical analysis and weight loss methods were in good consonance, which depicts remarkable inhibition properties of the novel green inhibitor MAB.
Simultaneously Strong and Tough Ultrafine Continuous Nanofibers (2013)

Strength of structural materials and fibers is usually increased at the expense of strain at failure and toughness. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated improvements in modulus and strength of electrospun polymer nanofibers with reduction of their diameter. Nanofiber toughness has not been analyzed; however, from the classical materials property trade-off, one can expect it to decrease. Here, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of long (5-10 mm) individual polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, we show that nanofiber toughness also dramatically improves. Reduction of fiber diameter from 2.8 μm to ∼100 nm resulted in simultaneous increases in elastic modulus from 0.36 to 48 GPa, true strength from 15 to 1750 MPa, and toughness from 0.25 to 605 MPa with the largest increases recorded for the ultrafine nanofibers smaller than 250 nm. The observed size effects showed no sign of saturation. Structural investigations and comparisons with mechanical behavior of annealed nanofibers allowed us to attribute ultrahigh ductility (average failure strain stayed over 50%) and toughness to low nanofiber crystallinity resulting from rapid solidification of ultrafine electrospun jets. Demonstrated superior mechanical performance coupled with the unique macro-nano nature of continuous nanofibers makes them readily available for macroscopic materials and composites that can be used in safety-critical applications. The proposed mechanism of simultaneously high strength, modulus, and toughness challenges the prevailing 50 year old paradigm of high-performance polymer fiber development calling for high polymer crystallinity and may have broad implications in fiber science and technology.
Optimization of Sample Size and DNA Extraction Methods to Improve PCR Detection of Different Propagules of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (2002)

The plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes a destructive blight of potato tubers and foliage. A rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been developed for detection of P. infestans in potato tubers. In this study, the effect of method of DNA extraction on different propagule types and the minimal number of propagules of P. infestans detectable by PCR were assessed using the PINF and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)5 primers. Sensitivity of the primers for PCR was high, and DNA was detectable at concentrations as low as 10 pg/ml. Zoospores and oospores responded differently to different extraction methods, whereas all extraction methods worked equally well for sporangia. Freeze-thaw DNA lysis, in which propagules were frozen at -80°C and thawed at 65°C three times for 15 min each, or direct PCR, in which propagules were placed directly in the reaction mix, were effective methods for PCR detection of sporangia or zoospores but were not effective methods for PCR detection of DNA in oospores of P. infestans. DNA from a single sporangium or oospore could be amplified by PCR after hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) or NaOH lysis extraction methods, whereas DNA from a single zoospore could be amplified by CTAB or direct PCR methods. "IsoCode" Stixs, used in forensic applications, were used to collect the pathogen from leaf and tuber lesions and provided another simple method to extract template DNA. PCR detection of the pathogen in infected tubers using PINF and ITS5 primers was compared to tissue isolation or visual observation. The probability of detection of P. infestans in infected tubers at 7 days post inoculation using the PCR assay, tissue isolation, or visual observation was 0.90, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively. The PINF and ITS5 primers provide a powerful tool for rapid and sensitive detection of zoospores, sporangia, and oospores of P. infestans when used with appropriate extraction methods, and could easily be deployed to reduce spread of the pathogen in potato tubers.
Small-molecule organic light-emitting devices in flat panel display applications (1998)

Small-molecule-based organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) have been shown to have the brightness, range of colors and operating lifetime to be useful in full-color flat panel display applications. Recent technological advances have created exciting new opportunities for OLEDs in flat panel display applications. These include the development of a transparent OLED device for vehicular windshields, architectural windows, and 'head up' displays; a novel vertically-stacked OLED pixel structure that provides full- color tunability, minimum pixel size, and maximum fill factor for high-resolution displays; and an ultra- lightweight, flexible OLED for use in conformable or foldable displays. In addition, we discuss other development issues for the fabrication of high-resolution, full-color OLED displays.
Laser flash method for measuring thermal conductivity of liquids—application to low thermal conductivity liquids (1978)

A laser flash method developed for the measurement of thermal conductivity of solids was applied to liquids of low thermal conductivity. The sample liquid was sandwiched in between a small thin metal disk and a sample holder. When the laser beam is absorbed in the front surface of the metal disk, the temperature of the disk quickly rises about 2 K and heat then flows downwards through the sample liquid as one-dimensional heat flow. The thermal conductivity of liquid can be obtained from the temperature fall of the disk without employing any reference materials and also without measuring the thickness of the sample liquid layer. Thermal conductivities of water and toluene near room temperature were measured by this method with a mean deviation of 2.6%. This laser flash method may be applied to the measurement of the thermal conductivity of liquids such as molten salts at elevated temperatures.
Design patterns for tunable and efficient SSD-based indexes (2014)

A number of data-intensive systems require using random hash-based indexes of various forms, e.g., hash tables, Bloom filters, and locality sensitive hash tables. In this paper, we present general SSD optimization techniques that can be used to design a variety of such indexes while ensuring higher performance and easier tunability than specialized state-of-the-art approaches. We leverage two key SSD innovations: a) rearranging the data layout on the SSD to combine multiple read requests into one page read, and b) intelligently reordering requests to exploit inherent parallelism in the architecture of SSDs. We build three different indexes using these techniques, and we conduct extensive studies showing their superior performance, lower CPU/memory footprint, and tunability compared to state-of-the-art systems.
Further Development and Assessment of a Broadband Liner Optimization Process (2016)

The utilization of advanced fan designs (including higher bypass ratios) and shorter engine nacelles has highlighted a need for increased fan noise reduction over a broader frequency range. Thus, improved broadband liner designs must account for these constraints and, where applicable, take advantage of advanced manufacturing techniques that have opened new possibilities for novel configurations. This work focuses on the use of an established broadband acoustic liner optimization process to design a variable-depth, multi-degree of freedom liner for a high speed fan. Specifically, in-duct attenuation predictions with a statistical source model are used to obtain optimum impedance spectra over the conditions of interest. The predicted optimum impedance information is then used with acoustic liner modeling tools to design a liner aimed at producing impedance spectra that most closely match the predicted optimum values. The multi-degree of freedom design is carried through design, fabrication, and testing. In-duct attenuation predictions compare well with measured data and the multi-degree of freedom liner is shown to outperform a more conventional liner over a range of flow conditions. These promising results provide further confidence in the design tool, as well as the enhancements made to the overall design process.
100-kHz-Rate Gas-Phase Thermometry with High Spatiotemporal Resolution (2016)

We demonstrated high-speed flame temperature measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy at a rate of 100 kHz employing a picosecond burst-mode laser.
Multiple Pathways for Signaling Glutamate Taste in Rodents (2005)

L-glutamate, typically as its Na salt (MSG), elicits a taste termed umami. A characteristic feature of umami taste is the synergistic potentiation of glutamate taste by purine nucleotide (inosine, guanosine) monophosphates. This is manifested as an enhanced electrophysiological response from taste receptor cells, as an increase in nerve firing rate, or as increased preference in behavioral assays. Apart from this enhanced intensity, it is not clear whether the addition of nucleotides also leads to a change in the perceived quality of glutamate in animals and humans. The magnitude of nucleotide-potentiation in nerve recordings varies considerably between the chorda tympani (CT) and glossopharyngeal (GL) nerves (Ninomiya et al., 1993). Single-unit recordings further highlight the heterogeneity of umami responses in that nucleotide-potentiated signals are seen in distinct fiber-types (sucrose-best or glutamate-best) in the CT and GL nerves (Ninomiya and Funakoshi, 1989; Yamamoto et al., 1991; Formaker et al., 2004). Gurmarin, a peptide that inhibits sweet taste in rodents, inhibits umami signals differentially across the CT and GL nerves (Ninomiya et al., 1993; Sako and Yamamoto, 1999). Collectively, the nerve recording data suggest that responses to MSG differ significantly between the anterior (CT innervation) and posterior (GL innervation) lingual taste fields. The implication is that umami responses may originate from more than a single type of receptor or receptor combination.
Triplet structure of human von Willebrand factor (1998)

Human von Willebrand factor (hp-vWF) is a high-molecular- mass protein found in plasma as a series of multimers. It consists of subunits comprising 2050 amino acids linked by disulphide bonds into multimers of various size ranging in molecular mass up to greater than 10000kDa. Partial proteolysis at position Tyr842-Mer843 of the subunit [Dent et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 6306-6310] by a vWF-specific protease [Furlan et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 7503-7507] results in the generation of an N-terminal and a C-terminal fragment and the appearance of hp-vWF triplet bands. It has been suggested [Furlan et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 7503-7507] that (i) the intermediate triplet band of the primary dimer represents a dimer of two C-terminal fragments, (ii) the slower migrating satellite band of the primary dimer represents an asymmetric structure composed of a mature subunit to which one N-terminal and one C-terminal fragment are linked by disulphide bonds, and (iii) the faster migrating satellite band of the primary dimer contains two N-terminal fragments. Here we used recombinant vWF (r-vWF) for structural analysis of hp-vWF multimers. r-vWF exhibited no proteolytic degradation and all multimers contained mature subunits. High-resolution agarose-gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis demonstrated that (i) r-vWF multimers and hp-vWF intermediate triplet bands exhibited identical molecular mass and electrophoretic mobilities, (ii) the faster and slower migrating satellite bands of hp-vWF differ by less than the molecular mass of one subunit from the corresponding intermediate triplet band, and (iii) the triplet bands of hp-vWF are composed of mature and degraded subunits. The results support a structural model of hp-vWF triplet bands according to which the intermediate triplet bands represent multiple numbers of symmetric and/or asymmetric dimers, the slower migrating satellite bands have one extra N-terminal fragment, and the faster migrating satellite band lacks one N-terminal fragment respectively in comparison with the corresponding intermediate triplet band.
Structure and the Formation Mechanism at the Interface of Diamond and Active-Metal-Brazing-Filler. Study on the Bonding of Diamond to Metals. (Report 2). (1995)

In the brazed joint of natural diamond to Fe-42 Ni alloy made with Ag-Cu eutectic filler including 4.5 wt% Ti, the behavior of titanium segregation changes according to the brazing thermal cycles, which causes the change in joint strength and the fracture mode. The chemical reaction products of diamond and the filler were identified by ESCA and EDS analyses on the fractured surfaces at the brazed interface, where the analyzed surfaces were made using a developed tensile shear test method, in order to propose the model of formation mechanism of the joint structure.