gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real‐time dose computation: GPU‐accelerated source modeling and superposition/convolution (2010)

The authors have completed a comprehensive, GPU-accelerated dose engine in order to provide a substantial performance gain over CPU based implementations. Real-time dose computation is feasible with the accuracy levels of the superposition/convolution algorithm.
Transgenic Mice Expressing Human β‐APP751, But Not Mice Expressing β‐APP695, Display Early Alzheimer's Disease‐like Histopathology<sup>a</sup> (1993)

Mice transgenic for the 751 amino acid isoform of the human beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) driven by the rat neuron specific enolase (NSE) promoter (NSE:beta-APP751) show features of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. These features, which were evident in multiple pedigrees, include: 1) preamyloid deposits which stain with antibodies that are specific for the beta-amyloid peptide and stain AD amyloid deposits and plaques, and 2) neuronal soma and processes which stain with an antibody (Alz50) that detects abnormal isoforms of tau which are characteristic of AD. The quality and distribution of both types of immunoreactivity revealed in the NSE:beta-APP751 mouse brains most closely resemble those seen in brains of young adults with Down's syndrome. Both structures are rarely, if ever, observed in brains from mice transgenic for the 695 amino acid isoform of beta-APP (NSE:beta-APP695) or in wild type mice.
Systemin – a polypeptide defense signal in plants (1996)

Insect and pathogen attacks activate plant defense genes within minutes in nearby cells, and within hours in leaves far distant from the sites of the predator attacks. A search for signal molecules involved in both the localized and distal signalling has resulted in the identification of an 18-amino-acid polypeptide, called systemin, that activates defense genes in leaves of tomato plants when supplied at levels as low as fmols/plant. Several lines of evidence support a role for systemin as a wound hormone. As with animal polypeptide hormones, systemin is derived from a larger precursor protein, called prosystemin, by limited proteolysis. Systemin has been shown by autoradiography to be phloemmobile and, by antisense technology, to be an essential component of the wound-inducible, systemic signal transduction system leading to the transcriptional activation of the defensive genes. A search for the receptor of systemin has led to the identification in plant plasma membranes of a systemin-binding protein. However, this protein has properties not of a receptor, but of a furin-like proteinase that cleaves systemin into smaller polypeptides. Systemin and its precursor prosystemin provide prototypes for the emerging possibilities that polypeptide hormones may have broad roles in signalling environmental stress responses, and in regulating plant growth and development as well.
Water-Based Superhydrophobic Coatings for Nonwoven and Cellulosic Substrates (2013)

The intense commercial demand for efficient fluid management (e.g., water barriers) has resulted in a recent proliferation of methods intended to impart liquid repellency to various substrates. Many such methods involve wet-based processing of hydrophobic polymers and thus rely heavily on organic solvents whose properties pose environmental challenges when scaled up from the laboratory bench. The current study presents a one-step, environmentally safe (>97 wt % water), room-temperature, low-cost, polymer-based technique that imparts superhydrophobicity to commercially relevant porous substrates. The method features aqueous dispersions of a commercially available fluoroacrylic copolymer and hydrophilic bentonite nanoclay and uses spray casting to apply coatings—which are subsequently dried in open air—to form thin conformal films. Wettability measurements demonstrate that the coating formulation imparts considerable resistance to water penetration in polymeric nonwoven and cellulosic substrates. In addition to the benign environmental impact of the aqueous formulation, all ingredients are commercially available, thus opening many technological opportunities in this area.
Betulinic Acid and Its Derivatives as anti‐Angiogenic Agents. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hemolysis-free blood plasma separation (2014)

Hemolysis, involving the rupture of red blood cells (RBCs) and release of their contents into blood plasma, is a major issue of concern in clinical fields. Hemolysis in vitro can occur as a result of errors in clinical trials; in vivo, hemolysis can be caused by a variety of medical conditions. Blood plasma separation is often the first step in blood-based clinical diagnostic procedures. However, inhibitors released from RBCs due to hemolysis during plasma separation can lead to problems in diagnostic tests such as low sensitivity, selectivity and inaccurate results. In particular, a general lack of simple and reliable blood plasma separation methods has been a major obstacle for microfluidic-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices. Here we present a hemolysis-free microfluidic blood plasma separation platform. A membrane filter was positioned on top of a vertical up-flow channel (filter-in-top configuration) to reduce clogging of RBCs by gravity-assisted cells sedimentation. With this device, separated plasma volume was increased approximately 4-fold (2.4 μL plasma after 20 min with 38% hematocrit human whole blood), and hemoglobin concentration in separated plasma was decreased approximately 90% due to the prevention of RBCs hemolysis, when compared to conventional filter-in-bottom configuration blood plasma separation platforms. On-chip plasma contained ~90% of protein and ~100% of nucleic acids found in off-chip centrifuged plasma, confirming comparable target molecule recovery efficiency. This simple and robust on-chip blood plasma separation device integrates with downstream detection modules to ultimately create sample-to-answer microfluidic POC diagnostics devices.
A Genomic Pathway Approach to a Complex Disease: Axon Guidance and Parkinson Disease (2007)

While major inroads have been made in identifying the genetic causes of rare Mendelian disorders, little progress has been made in the discovery of common gene variations that predispose to complex diseases. The single gene variants that have been shown to associate reproducibly with complex diseases typically have small effect sizes or attributable risks. However, the joint actions of common gene variants within pathways may play a major role in predisposing to complex diseases (the paradigm of complex genetics). The goal of this study was to determine whether polymorphism in a candidate pathway (axon guidance) predisposed to a complex disease (Parkinson disease [PD]). We mined a whole-genome association dataset and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were within axon-guidance pathway genes. We then constructed models of axon-guidance pathway SNPs that predicted three outcomes: PD susceptibility (odds ratio = 90.8, p = 4.64 x 10(-38)), survival free of PD (hazards ratio = 19.0, p = 5.43 x 10(-48)), and PD age at onset (R(2) = 0.68, p = 1.68 x 10(-51)). By contrast, models constructed from thousands of random selections of genomic SNPs predicted the three PD outcomes poorly. Mining of a second whole-genome association dataset and mining of an expression profiling dataset also supported a role for many axon-guidance pathway genes in PD. These findings could have important implications regarding the pathogenesis of PD. This genomic pathway approach may also offer insights into other complex diseases such as Alzheimer disease, diabetes mellitus, nicotine and alcohol dependence, and several cancers.
Charge dynamics in transparent single-walled carbon nanotube films from optical transmission measurements (2006)

We report on the transmission over a wide frequency range (from the far infrared through the visible) of pristine and hole-doped, free-standing carbon nanotube films at temperatures between 50 and $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Optical constants are estimated by Kramers-Kronig analysis of the transmittance. We see evidence in the far infrared for a gap below $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$. Hole doping causes a shift of spectral weight from the first interband transition into the far infrared. Temperature dependence in both the doped and undoped samples is restricted to the far-infrared region.
Advanced video quality assessment of leading codecs: AV1, VVC, and their draft successor designs (2022)

AV1 and VVC are today top performing video codecs, with VVC holding an edge (in our previous estimates, about 10- 12%). Moreover, both organizations are busy working on advancements of their codecs, respectively. Current work within the ISO/IEC/ITU committees shows updates with improvements of about 15% over VVC on common test data, while the Alliance for Open Media, the source of AV1, is already working on AV2 (called AVM), with an as yet unknown performance gain (but targeting about 20%) over AV1. We compare the performance of these codecs objectively on well-known 1080p test data, restricting to Standard Dynamic Range in this study (we treat HDR in an accompanying paper), not only using PSNR, but more advanced video quality assessment tools such as SSIM, VMAF, and FastVDO’s quality measure, FVQ. We highlight the similarities and difference between the well-worn PSNR, and the more advanced approaches, to develop a nominal performance comparison among these leading video codecs. In this context, we use full reference video quality assessment. We observe that the more advanced metrics may be picking up on differences in quality that PSNR misses.
Rapid fabrication of lightweight ceramic mirrors via chemical vapor deposition (1989)

Lightweight Si/SiC mirrors of nominal diameter 7.5 cm have been fabricated via a scalable and rapid, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to demonstrate the CVD mirror fabrication technology. These mirrors consist of a faceplate of either Si or Si-coated SiC and a lightweight backstructure made of either Si or SiC. The mirrors were polished to a figure better than 1/5th of a wave at 0.6328 Å and a finish of better than 10 Å rms. A procedure for fabricating these mirrors is described. The CVD fabrication process is fast and has the potential to yield several mirrors in a few weeks time from a single reactor. The CVD mirror fabrication technology is quite general and can be extended to include mirrors of other ceramic materials such as TiB2 and B4C.
Design of the Glucose Rate Increase Detector (2014)

The Glucose Rate Increase Detector (GRID), a module of the Health Monitoring System (HMS), has been designed to operate in parallel to the glucose controller to detect meal events and safely trigger a meal bolus. The GRID algorithm was tuned on clinical data with 40-70 g CHO meals and tested on simulation data with 50-100 g CHO meals. Active closed- and open-loop protocols were executed in silico with various treatments, including automatic boluses based on a 75 g CHO meal and boluses based on simulated user input of meal size. An optional function was used to reduce the recommended bolus using recent insulin and glucose history. For closed-loop control of a 3-meal scenario (50, 75, and 100 g CHO), the GRID improved median time in the 80-180 mg/dL range by 17% and in the >180 range by 14% over unannounced meals, using an automatic bolus for a 75 g CHO meal at detection. Under open-loop control of a 75 g CHO meal, the GRID shifted the median glucose peak down by 73 mg/dL and earlier by 120 min and reduced the time >180 mg/dL by 57% over a missed-meal bolus scenario, using a full meal bolus at detection. The GRID improved closed-loop control in the presence of large meals, without increasing late postprandial hypoglycemia. Users of basal-bolus therapy could also benefit from GRID as a safety alert for missed meal corrections.
High speed replication of sub-micron features on large areas by X-ray lithography (1974)

We have developed, and describe herein, a new approach to X-ray lithography based on the use of X-rays with wavelengths of 4-6 Å rather than the 8-34 Å wavelength used in previous work. The principal advantage of the shorter wavelengths is that they allow the exposure system to have X-ray windows for increased throughput. We have achieved the replication of submicron size features in metal films using a 4.6 Å Rh L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</sub> source, a new X-ray mask and new X-ray resist with high sensitivity to the shorter wavelengths and improved ion milling techniques.
High-power and high-temperature THz quantum-cascade lasers based on lens-coupled metal-metal waveguides (2007)

A metal-metal waveguide quantum cascade laser with an abutted silicon hyperhemispherical lens is demonstrated at ~4.1 THz. The device produced 145 mW of peak pulsed power at 5 K with a wall-plug power efficiency of 0.7%, lasing up to a maximum operating temperature of 160 K. The far-field beam pattern has a full width at half-maximum value of ~4.8 degrees in the H plane. The same device produced ~26 mW of peak power using a Winston cone instead of a lens, lasing up to 165 K. The large increase in output power is mainly attributed to an increase in collection efficiency.
Computational Design of Rubber Balloons (2012)

Abstract This paper presents an automatic process for fabrication‐oriented design of custom‐shaped rubber balloons. We cast computational balloon design as an inverse problem: given a target shape, we compute an optimal balloon that, when inflated, approximates the target as closely as possible. To solve this problem numerically, we propose a novel physics‐driven shape optimization method, which combines physical simulation of inflatable elastic membranes with a dedicated constrained optimization algorithm. We validate our approach by fabricating balloons designed with our method and comparing their inflated shapes to the results predicted by simulation. An extensive set of manufactured sample balloons demonstrates the shape diversity that can be achieved by our method.
Pipelined adaptive IIR filter architectures using scattered and relaxed look-ahead transformations (1996)

Fine-grain pipelined architectures for adaptive infinite impulse response (AIIR) filters are presented in this paper. The AIIR filters are equation error based. The proposed architectures are developed by employing a combination of scattered look-ahead and relaxed look-ahead pipelining techniques. First, a pipelined system identification scenario is developed. Then, the scattered look-ahead technique is applied to the nonadaptive (but time-varying) recursive section. Finally, a relaxed look-ahead technique is applied to the adaptive blocks. Convergence analysis of the pipelined architectures is presented and verified via simulations. It is shown that speedups of up to 8 and more can be achieved with marginal or no degradation in performance.
Saposin B Binds the Lipofuscin Bisretinoid A2E and Prevents its Enzymatic and Photooxidation (2017)

Vitamin A based bisretinoid accumulation is a major focus in the study of macular degeneration. Whether specific endogenous lysosomal proteins can bind A2E, a pronounced bisretinoid in lipofuscin granules in retinal pigment epithelial cells, and interfere with enzymatic or photoinduced oxidation of such, has not been explored. Herein, using fluorescence and electronic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that Saposin B, a critical protein in the degradation of sulfatides and "flushing" of lipids, can bind A2E, preventing its H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-dependent enzymatic oxidation by horseradish peroxidase and photooxidation by blue light (<i>λ</i>=450-460 nm).
Macrocyclic Bisindolylmaleimides:  Synthesis by Inter- and Intramolecular Alkylation (1998)

Macrocyclic bisindolylmaleimides 1−4 have been identified as competitive reversible inhibitors of PKC β1 and β2 and are being advanced to the clinic for evaluation as a treatment of retinopathy associated with diabetic complications. Highly convergent and stereoselective syntheses of 1−4 have been developed. The key synthetic step involves intermolecular alkylation of symmetrical bisindolylmaleimide 9 with chiral bisalkylating agent 8c and is amenable to the preparation of multikilogram quantities of these compounds. The synthetic sequence to 1, the most active compound, proceeds in 11 steps and 26% overall yield (>98% ee) from (R)-1-chloro-2,3-propanediol. No chromatographic purifications are required throughout the process and the final product is isolated in >97% purity after crystallization from DMF/MeOH. Synthesis of 1−4 by intramolecular alkylation proved less efficient, requiring 17 steps and affording 1−4 in lower overall yields of 6.0−8.5%.
Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a single feed (1996)

A novel circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna with a single coaxial feed is introduced. The antenna consists of two layers, each radiating fields which at the zenith are perpendicular to each other with 90/spl deg/ phase difference. The CP bandwidth is substantially higher than that of the previously reported CP microstrip antennas with two nearly degenerate modes. In principle, a perfect CP radiation is feasible without the input impedance mismatch. The CP design procedure is independent of the feed location.
Meso/macro-scale ultra-soft materials’ mechanical property evaluation device and testbed (2021)

Ultra-soft materials find applications in biomedical devices, sensors and actuators, robotics, and wearable electronics. The mechanical properties of soft materials are often determined using nanoindentation and atomic force microscope techniques, which provide localized properties at a small-scale length. There is a need to evaluate the meso/macro-scale properties of ultra-soft materials to develop integrated devices made of the same. Metallic probes in the existing macroscale equipment cannot be used as they can pierce through the soft materials and fail to capture the associated adhesion forces, resulting in inaccurate values. This study has developed a meso/macro-scale mechanical testing platform to characterize ultra-soft materials accurately. This probe can be adapted to any mechanical testing load frame with a small load cell to capture the adhesion forces during the approach and detachment segments of soft materials' indentation. The integrated camera with the probe enables overcoming the challenge of surface detection and capturing the pull-on and pull-off events. Indentation tests on soft materials with varying stiffness (e.g., high-fat yogurt, chicken breast, aloe Vera, toothpaste, gelatin, and a chocolate bar) were conducted using a 10 mm stiff flat-end polymer probe. A variation of the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts technique was adopted to account for adhesion forces and compute stiffness. Our results suggest that the novel device and methodology can measure mechanical stiffness in the extensive range of 0.5 kPa to a few MPa with high reproducibility at the macro-scale length. The validation was carried out using a commercially available nanoindenter for soft materials.
Bacterial Display and Screening of Posttranslationally Thioether-Stabilized Peptides (2011)

A major hurdle in the application of therapeutic peptides is their rapid degradation by peptidases. Thioether bridges effectively protect therapeutic peptides against breakdown, thereby strongly increasing bioavailability, enabling oral and pulmonary delivery and potentially significantly optimizing the receptor interaction of selected variants. To efficiently select optimal variants, a library of DNA-coupled thioether-bridged peptides is highly desirable. Here, we present a unique cell surface display system of thioether-bridged peptides and successfully demonstrate highly selective screening. Peptides are posttranslationally modified by thioether bridge-installing enzymes in Lactococcus lactis, followed by export and sortase-mediated covalent coupling to the lactococcal cell wall. This allows the combinatorial optimization and selection of medically and economically highly important therapeutic peptides with strongly enhanced therapeutic potential.
Formaldehyde-Free Prorobitenidin/Profi setinidin Tannin/Furanic Foams Based on Alternative Aldehydes: Glyoxal and Glutaraldehyde (2014)

International audience
A Study of Hydrogen Generation with Doubly-Fed Adjustable Speed Wind Generator (2008)

This paper presents a combination system of wind power generator and hydrogen generator. In the proposed system, Doubly-Fed Synchronous Generator (DFSG) is used as an adjustable speed wind generator, and an electrolyzer is connected to its terminal for hydrogen generation, which is controlled by power electronic converters. Output power from the wind generator is smoothed and supplied to the power system as well as to the electrolyzer to generate hydrogen under a cooperative control of the wind generator and the electrolyzer. The performance of the proposed system is investigated by simulation analyses, in which simulations are performed by using PSCAD/EMTDC.
Multiview video compression and streaming based on predicted viewer position (2009)

Technological advances have made possible a number of new applications in the area of 3D video. One of the enabling technologies for many of these 3D applications is multiview video coding, which has received significant attention in the last several years. However, the fundamental need of multiview coding for applications like immersive tele-conferencing has not been addressed. In this paper we define the boundaries of the problem, and show how a simple algorithm can yield gains of up to 2times reduction in bitrate with similar PSNR in the synthesized view. Our algorithm is based on using an estimate of the viewer position to compute the expected contribution of each pixel to the synthesized view, and encoding each macroblock of each camera views with quality proportional to the likelihood that the pixel will be used in the synthetic image.
Standard Addition Method for Laser Ablation ICPMS Using a Spinning Platform (2013)

A method has been developed for the fast and easy determination of Pb, Sr, Ba, Ni, Cu, and Zn, which are of geological and environmental interest, in solid samples by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) using a spinning sample platform. The platform, containing a sample and a standard, is spun during the ablation, allowing the quasi-simultaneous ablation of both materials. The aerosols resulting from the ablation of sample and standard were mixed in the ablation cell allowing quantification of analytes by standard additions. The proportion of standard versus sample of the mixing can be increased by performing the ablation further from the axis of rotation. The ablated masses have been determined using a new strategy based on isotope dilution analysis. This spinning laser ablation method has been applied to the Allende meteorite and four powdered standard reference materials (SRMs) fused in lithium borate glasses: two sediments as well as a soil and a rock material. SRM 612 (Trace Elements in Glass) was also analyzed despite having a matrix slightly different from the glass standard obtained by lithium borate fusion. The deviation from the certified values was found to be less than 15% for most of the mass fractions for all the elements and samples studied, with an average precision of 10%. These results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method for the direct and fast analysis of solid samples of different matrixes by standard additions, using a single standard sample.