gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional domain and poly‐<scp>l</scp>‐proline II conformation for candidacidal activity of bactenecin 5 (1995)

The functional domain for candidacidal activity of bactenecin 5 has been determined by synthesizing bactenecin 5 and its fragments [1-22 (BN22), 7-22 (BN16) and 20-43 (BC24)]. The N-terminal sequence BN16 retained the candidacidal potency of the parent molecule and this region appears to be the candidacidal domain. The circular dichroism spectra of these peptides indicate the presence of largely poly-L-proline II conformations in aqueous solutions and in lipid vesicles. The coupling constant (JNH-C alpha H) values, and a set of medium- and short-range nuclear Overhauser effects observed for the N-terminal peptide (BN16) in the two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance suggest that poly-L-proline II helix could be the biologically active conformation.
No effect of an antiaggregant treatment with aspirin in small cell lung cancer treated with CCAVP16 chemotherapy results from a randomized clinical trial of 303 patients (1993)

This result does not confirm the hypothesis that, in SCLC, aspirin (a platelet aggregation inhibitor) reduces metastasis formation and local tumor thrombogenesis.
Review of Local Non‐Gaussianity from Multifield Inflation (2010)

We review models which generate a large non‐Gaussianity of the local form. We first briefly consider three models which generate the non‐Gaussianity either at or after the end of inflation; the curvaton scenario, modulated (p)reheating, and an inhomogeneous end of inflation. We then focus on ways of generating the non‐Gaussianity during inflation. We derive general conditions which a product or sum separable potential must satisfy in order to generate a large local bispectrum during slow‐roll inflation. As an application, we consider two‐field hybrid inflation. We then derive a formalism not based on slow roll which can be applied to models in which the slow‐roll parameters become large before inflation ends. An exactly soluble two‐field model is given in which this happens. Finally, we also consider further non‐Gaussian observables, a scale dependence of f NL and the trispectrum.
Effects of Radiation on Drug Metabolism: A Review (2019)

The findings of this review indicated that radiation caused by environmental pollution or clinical treatments can alter the pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of drugs should be rechecked and the optimal dose should be re-evaluated after radiation.
Drug drug interaction extraction from the literature using a recursive neural network (2018)

Detecting drug-drug interactions (DDI) is important because information on DDIs can help prevent adverse effects from drug combinations. Since there are many new DDI-related papers published in the biomedical domain, manually extracting DDI information from the literature is a laborious task. However, text mining can be used to find DDIs in the biomedical literature. Among the recently developed neural networks, we use a Recursive Neural Network to improve the performance of DDI extraction. Our recursive neural network model uses a position feature, a subtree containment feature, and an ensemble method to improve the performance of DDI extraction. Compared with the state-of-the-art models, the DDI detection and type classifiers of our model performed 4.4% and 2.8% better, respectively, on the DDIExtraction Challenge'13 test data. We also validated our model on the PK DDI corpus that consists of two types of DDIs data: in vivo DDI and in vitro DDI. Compared with the existing model, our detection classifier performed 2.3% and 6.7% better on in vivo and in vitro data respectively. The results of our validation demonstrate that our model can automatically extract DDIs better than existing models.
Drug Extrusion, <sup>125</sup>I<sup>−</sup> Efflux and the Control of Intracellular [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] in Drug‐Resistant Ovarian Epithelial Cells (1999)

Experiments were undertaken using an ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line (A2780) and a drug-resistant strain (A2780.ad) derived from this line. P-glycoprotein could not be detected in A2780 cells but was essentially ubiquitous in A2780.ad cells, although removing the selective pressure for drug resistance led to reduced expression. However, the amount of P-glycoprotein present was used to predict the capacity of these cells to extrude rhodamine-123 (R-123) and their resistance to adriamycin, a cytotoxic drug. This accords with the role of P-glycoprotein as a drug pump. Although hypotonic solutions increased anion efflux from A2780 and A2780.ad cells, larger responses occurred in the parental line. Moreover, R-123 extrusion and anion efflux appeared to be mutually independent processes and so these data do not support the view that P-glycoprotein is involved in the control of volume-sensitive anion channels. Hypotonic solutions increased intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in drug-resistant cells but not in the parental line, and so establishing a drug-resistant strain may affect the control of [Ca2+]i during osmotic swelling. This could account for effects that were previously attributed to P-glycoprotein.
A Multiwindow Approach for Radargrammetric Improvements (2011)

The most intuitive way to extract depth information from remote sensing images is stereogrammetry, in which a digital elevation model (DEM) is achieved by computing stereoscopic radar images. When only the amplitude of the radar images is considered, this computation is called radargrammetry. The main idea of which is to match stereopair radar images in order to create a disparity map from one image to the other and, finally, to compute the elevation. Therein, we present our studies on the extraction of 3-D information from radar images. We examine a way to produce a DEM of a challenging area of the French Alps. The central issue of this paper concerns improvements for radargrammetric synthetic aperture radar image processing for high-relief reconstruction, and we focus on the matching step, which is one of the most important points of the radargrammetric processing. Thus, we propose original methods using different correlation windows. On the one hand, we take the advantages of a multiwindow approach to combine relevant information by multiplying the correlation surfaces obtained for each correlation window size during the matching operation. On the other hand, the second improvement is based on the expansion of windows on foreshortened areas, particularly because of the side-looking radar view. These methods allow us to achieve reliable image matching and to improve the accuracy of the DEM.
Correlation Between Microstructure and Electrochemical Behavior of Amorphous  V 2 O 5 ‐  P 2 O 5 in Lithium Cells (1988)

Physical and chemical characterizations of vitreous oxides were performed utilizing several techniques. The microstructure of is estimated from IR absorption spectra. As a result, it is suggested that micro structural change occurs at a composition of ca. in the system with a transformation from to short‐range order with increasing content. This compositional variation was also supported by the change of the apparent molar volume of oxygen in these materials. Electrochemical behavior of these materials was also investigated in nonaqueous lithium cells. It was found that their electrochemical properties (OCV, CCV, and residual Li) drastically change at the transformation point of .
Text to software (2010)

Software development relies heavily on manual processes for transforming requirements into software artifacts such as models, source code, or test cases. Requirements are the starting point for these transformations, and they are typically written in natural language. However, hardly any automated tools exist that translate natural language texts into software artifacts. We propose to adapt recent advances in natural language processing and semantic technologies to generate UML models, test cases, and perhaps even source code, from natural language input. Though earlier efforts in automatic programming had limited success, we are now in a situation where extracting meaning from text has made substantial progress. For example, encouraging results for generating UML models from textual requirements have been achieved. It might even be possible to generate executable test cases. An intermediate step would be to generate tests from API documentation (which would also be a useful capability in itself). An even greater advance would be to automate rote coding. In all of these cases, entirely new classes of software tools would be needed to extract and process the semantics inherent in natural language texts, augment them with tacit knowledge from ontologies and domain models, and, where necessary, ask humans to clarify ambiguities. Though speculative, a determined, long-term effort in translating text to software could automate and accelerate software development to an unprecedented degree.
Comparison of Technologies for General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units (2016)

The computational capacity of graphics cards for general-purpose computinghave progressed fast over the last decade. A major reason is computational heavycomputer games, where standard of performance and high quality graphics constantlyrise. Another reason is better suitable technologies for programming thegraphics cards. Combined, the product is high raw performance devices andmeans to access that performance. This thesis investigates some of the currenttechnologies for general-purpose computing on graphics processing units. Technologiesare primarily compared by means of benchmarking performance andsecondarily by factors concerning programming and implementation. The choiceof technology can have a large impact on performance. The benchmark applicationfound the difference in execution time of the fastest technology, CUDA, comparedto the slowest, OpenCL, to be twice a factor of two. The benchmark applicationalso found out that the older technologies, OpenGL and DirectX, are competitivewith CUDA and OpenCL in terms of resulting raw performance.
Retinal pathology as biomarker for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Furthermore, over the last few decades, there has been a shift towards identifying earlier stages of AD, which include mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Improved methods of screening and early detection are essential to identify cognitively normal individuals who have a high risk of developing MCI and AD, so that interventions can be developed to delay the progression of specific disease-related pathologies. Thus far, novel biomarkers that have been examined include structural and functional neuroimaging as well as biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. However, in spite of these efforts, there is still an urgent need for unravelling additional novel biomarkers for AD and MCI. As the retina shares many features with the brain, including embryological origin, anatomical (such as microvascular bed) and physiological characteristics (such as blood-tissue barrier), it has been suggested that the retina may provide an easily accessible and non-invasive way of examining pathology in the brain. While most AD-related pathology occurs in the brain, the disease has also been reported to affect different regions of the retina, including the macular region and optic disc. Studies have suggested that retinal pathology, such as deposits in the macular region, decreased retinal nerve fibre thickness, and optic disc cupping and retinal microvascular abnormalities may be related to AD and cognitive impairment. This article presents a review of current literature on retinal involvement in AD and MCI.
From few to many: generative appearance-based models for face recognition (2003)

A generative appearance-based method is presented for recognizing human faces under variations in lighting and pose. It exploits the fact that the set of images of an object in fixed pose, but under all possible illumination conditions, is a convex cone in the space of images. Using a small number of training images of each face taken with different lighting directions, the shape and reflectance properties of the face are reconstructed. A reconstruction is performed both under the Lambertian reflectance assumption as well as with a more general reflectance function. In turn, this reconstruction serves as a generative model used to render—or synthesize—images of the face under novel illumination conditions, accurately predicting both shading and shadows, and thus synthetically forming the illumination cone. The pose space is then sampled, and for each pose its corresponding illumination cone is approximated by a low-dimensional linear subspace whose basis vectors are estimated using the generative model. The presented recognition algorithm assigns to a test image the identity of the closest approximated illumination cone (based on Euclidean distance within the image space). We test the algorithm on 4050 images from the Yale Face Database B; these images contain 405 viewing conditions (9 poses x 45 illumination conditions) for 10 individuals. The method performs almost without error, except on the most extreme lighting directions, and significantly outperforms popular recognition methods that do not use a generative model. An improvement in recognition results is noted when the face representations are created using reconstructions from an extended reconstruction algorithm that incorporates a non-Lambertian reflectance model.
The improved white liquor oxidation process with the new catalyst. (1988)

A new Kraft white liquor oxidation process has been demonstrated. The process using a novel catalyst can effectivily produce a polysulfide cooking liquor.The selected catalyst is a granulated activated carbon, characterized by a large pore volume occupied with pores more than 10 nm diameter. This catalyst has high oxidation activity and selectivity of polysulfied formation. The polysulfide yield in higher than the reported value.One year pilot plant test exibited steady performance using mill white liquor. The long life of the catalyst was attained by installing a special designed filter to remove suspended solids which would accummlate on the catalyst. The filter, up-flow type, contained sand bed which removed 95% of incoming solids.The pilot plant data were correlated as an empirical equation for polysulfide production rate with temperature, liquid hourly space velocity, air/liquid ratio, and the catalyst activity.The first commercial plant was in operation from July '87 at Shirakawa Mill of the Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd., without any trouble. The pulp yield is up at least 1% with same or better quality.
Novel MF-TDMA/SCPC switching algorithm for DVB-RCS/RCS2 return link in railway scenario (2016)

This work focuses on the return channel resource allocation in the DVB-RCS/RCS2 system for mobile terminals. A continuous carrier (CC) operation mode based on DVB-S2/S2X is considered and investigated. The paper focuses on the possibility of transmitting simultaneously in multifrequency-time division multiple access (MF-TDMA) or single channel per carrier (SCPC) medium access techniques, as suggested by a previous DVB-RCS+M standard. The introduction of this capability has also been analyzed for a new DVB-RCS2 standard that gives the possibility of using both return link (RL) modalities. Moreover, we propose a detailed study of the RL channel in a satellite platform in order to understand the operative range of SCPC and MF-TDMA techniques. The contribution seeks to provide some threshold indications to network operators for dynamically managing satellite resources.We considered the railway market, which is characterized by an N-LOS condition due to blockage caused by tunnels, vegetation, and buildings, as the reference scenario. Furthermore, we introduced a transparent gap filler (GF) solution to overcome this issue. Simulation campaigns are shown, in order to give satellite operators some guidelines, when they want to make use of this hybrid channel modality.
Fast Determination of Lycopene Content and Soluble Solid Content of Cherry Tomatoes Using Metal Oxide Sensors Based Electronic Nose (2015)

Lycopene content (LC) and soluble solid content (SSC) are important quality indicators for cherry tomatoes. This study attempted simultaneous analysis of inner quality of cherry tomato by Electronic nose (E-nose) using multivariate analysis. E-nose was used for data acquisition, the response signals were regressed by multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least square regression (PLS) to build predictive models. The performances of the predictive models were tested according to root mean square and correlation coefficient (R2) in the training set and prediction set. The results showed that MLR models were superior to PLS model, with higher value of R2 and lower values of for RMSE firmness, pH, SSC, and LC. Together with MLR, E-nose could be used to obtain firmness, pH, soluble solid and lycopene contents in cherry tomatoes.
Vertical Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve Crystals Grown at Inorganic-Organic Interfaces (1994)

Tubular aluminophosphate molecular sieve crystals were grown at an organic interface with their channels (7 angstroms in cross section) vertical to the substrate. To induce surface nucleation and oriented growth of AIPO(4)-5 crystals, organophosphonate layers cross-linked with Zr(IV) were assembled on a gold substrate and the modified substrate was immersed in a hydrothermal bath containing reagents for the synthesis of the molecular sieve. Reflection-absorption infrared studies demonstrated the stability of the phosphonate layers under these conditions. Drastic changes in the morphology of the surface-grown crystals from spherical agglomerates to vertical needles to thin tilted needles could be achieved by adjusting the water content of the synthesis bath. Nitrogen sorption in these structures on a piezoelectric device confirmed the presence of zeolitic microporosity.
The C-Terminal Domain of Nucleolin Accelerates Nucleic Acid Annealing (2000)

We report that the abundant nucleolar protein nucleolin accelerates nucleic acid annealing. Nucleolin accelerates annealing of complementary oligonucleotides and of oligonucleotides that contain a limited number of mismatches. The annealing activity of nucleolin can be localized to a C-terminal region consisting of two RNA binding domains (RBD3 and RBD4) and the RGG(9) domain (RBD3-RBD4-RGG(9)). This same region mediates self-association of nucleolin. The RGG(9) domain of nucleolin, believed to mediate interactions between nucleolin and several ribosomal proteins, is neither sufficient for self-association, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, nor can it independently accelerate annealing. Acceleration of nucleic acid annealing by nucleolin is likely to depend on self-association of nucleolin molecules bound to nucleic acid.
Antibody-dependent-cellular-cytotoxicity-inducing antibodies significantly affect the post-exposure treatment of Ebola virus infection (2017)

Passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an efficacious treatment for Ebola virus (EBOV) infections in animal models and humans. Understanding what constitutes a protective response is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. We generated an EBOV-glycoprotein-pseudotyped Human immunodeficiency virus to develop sensitive neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays as well as a bioluminescent-imaging-based mouse infection model that does not require biosafety level 4 containment. The in vivo treatment efficiencies of three novel anti-EBOV mAbs at 12 h post-infection correlated with their in vitro anti-EBOV ADCC activities, without neutralizing activity. When they were treated with these mAbs, natural killer cell (NK)-deficient mice had lower viral clearance than WT mice, indicating that the anti-EBOV mechanism of the ADCC activity of these mAbs is predominantly mediated by NK cells. One potent anti-EBOV mAb (M318) displayed unprecedented neutralizing and ADCC activities (neutralization IC<sub>50</sub>, 0.018 μg/ml; ADCC EC<sub>50</sub>, 0.095 μg/ml). These results have important implications for the efficacy of antiviral drugs and vaccines as well as for pathogenicity studies of EBOV.
Supratentorial ependymomas: Prognostic factors and outcome analysis in a retrospective series of 46 adult patients (2008)

In association with age and extent of surgery, histologic grade was identified as a major prognostic factor in adult supratentorial ependymomas. The application of a simple and reproducible grading scheme using objective anaplastic criteria appeared to be both useful practically and clinically applicable. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with incompletely resected, low-grade ependymomas needs to be investigated further.
A Low-Overhead Handling Scheme of STA Association Information for IEEE 802.11s (2007)

A wireless mesh network has much attention for various applications such as home networks or hot spot services, and its standardization is now progressing at the IEEE 802.11s task group. One of the most important issues of the wireless mesh network is how to handle the association information of huge number of legacy user stations (STAs). In this paper, we propose a low-overhead handling scheme of the STA association information in order to solve this issue. In the proposed scheme, we introduce an on-demand approach to handle the STA association information. We also evaluate the overhead of the proposed scheme, and clarify its superiority.
Deuterium‐Stabilized (R)‐Pioglitazone (PXL065) Is Responsible for Pioglitazone Efficacy in NASH yet Exhibits Little to No PPARγ Activity (2021)

The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone is, to date, the most efficacious oral drug recommended off-label for the treatment of nondiabetic or diabetic patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, weight gain and edema side effects have limited its use for NASH. Pioglitazone is a mixture of two stereoisomers ((<i>R</i>)-pioglitazone and (<i>S</i>)-pioglitazone) that interconvert <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. We aimed to characterize their individual pharmacology to develop a safer and potentially more potent drug for NASH. We stabilized the stereoisomers of pioglitazone with deuterium at the chiral center. Preclinical studies with deuterium-stabilized (<i>R</i>)-pioglitazone (PXL065) and (<i>S</i>)-pioglitazone demonstrated that (<i>R</i>)-pioglitazone retains the efficacy of pioglitazone in NASH, including reduced hepatic triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte enlargement, and fibrosis. Although both stereoisomers inhibit the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, PXL065 shows limited to no peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activity, whereas (<i>S</i>)-pioglitazone appears responsible for the PPARγ activity and associated weight gain. Nonetheless, in preclinical models, both stereoisomers reduce plasma glucose and hepatic fibrosis to the same extent as pioglitazone, suggesting that these benefits may also be mediated by altered mitochondrial metabolism. In a phase 1a clinical study, we demonstrated safety and tolerability of single 7.5-mg, 22.5-mg, and 30-mg doses of PXL065 as well as preferential exposure to the (<i>R</i>)-stereoisomer in comparison to 45-mg pioglitazone. <i>Conclusion</i>: PXL065 at a dose lower than 22.5 mg is predicted to exhibit efficacy for NASH equal to, or greater than, 45-mg pioglitazone without the potentially detrimental weight gain and edema. The development of PXL065 for NASH represents a unique opportunity to leverage the therapeutic benefits of pioglitazone, while reducing or eliminating PPARγ-related side effects.