gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Screening Test for HLA-B∗15:02 in a Large United States Patient Cohort Identifies Broader Risk of Carbamazepine-Induced Adverse Events (2019)

Purpose HLA-B*15:02 is strongly associated with life-threatening severe skin hypersensitivity reactions in patients treated with carbamazepine and structurally-related medications. FDA-approved labeling recommends HLA-B*15:02 screening before carbamazepine therapy in patients of Asian ancestry. In this study, we aimed to a) identify a direct method for screening HLA-B*15:02, and b) evaluate prevalence in a large cohort of United States (US) patients. Methods Candidate genetic markers were identified by mining public data. Association was tested in 28,897 individuals by comparing SNP results with high-resolution HLA typing. Retrospective analysis of de-identified SNP and ethnicity data from 130,460 individuals was performed to evaluate the ethnic distribution of HLA-B*15:02 in the US. Results 28,897 US individuals showed 100% concordance between HLA-B*15:02 and the minor allele of rs144012689 (100% sensitivity/99.97% specificity). Retrospective analysis of 160 positive individuals (66 with physician-reported ethnicity) notably included 28 Asians (42%), 15 African Americans (22%), 11 Caucasians (17%), 2 Hispanics (3%), and 10 ‘Other’ (15%). Conclusions Screening US patients for HLA-B*15:02 without ethnicity-based preselection identifies more than twice the number of carriers at risk of carbamazepine-related adverse events than screening patients of Asian ancestry alone. Risk assessment based on ethnicity assumptions may not identify a large portion of at-risk patients in the ethnically-diverse US population.
COBRA – mining web for COrporate Brand and Reputation Analysis (2009)

Corporations are extremely sensitive to issues such as brand stewardship and product reputation. Traditional brand image and reputation tracking is limited to news wires and contact centre analysis. However, with the emergence of web, Consumer Genera
Novel <i>N</i>‐Halamine Disinfectant Compounds (1991)

Abstract A new series of N ‐halamine compounds has been synthesized and tested for stability in aqueous solution and efficacy in inactivating several species of bacteria and algae. The compounds, which are N,N′ ‐dihalo‐4‐imidazolidinones, are inexpensive to synthesize and appear to have considerable potential as general‐purpose disinfectants. They have greater stability in the laboratory, as well as outdoors in direct sunlight, than do current commercial swimming pool biocides. They also are efficient at sterilizing hard surfaces (stainless steel) and could thus be useful for a variety of household and medical disinfection applications.
Efficient Stimuli for Recording of the Amplitude Modulation Following Response: Estímulos eficientes para el registro de la Respuesta de Seguimiento a la Modulación de la Amplitud (AMFR) (2001)

Amplitude modulation following response (AMFR) is a promising tool for objective frequency-specific assessment of hearing thresholds in children. The stimulus generally used for AMFR recording (one amplitude-modulated carrier) activates only a small part of the basilar membrane. Therefore, the response amplitude is small. Combined frequency and amplitude modulation is not significantly more effective. A new stimulus is proposed that is composed of several carriers. All carriers are modulated with the same modulation frequency. The signal to noise ratio of the response to the multiple-carrier stimulus is significantly increased compared with the usual one-carrier stimulus. Therefore, response detection near threshold is expected to be improved. AMFR also seems to be well suited to newborn hearing screening. Simultaneous recording of six responses (three AMFRs from each ear) to 1-, 2-, and 4-kHz multiple-carrier stimuli of a 40 dB HL stimulus level is demonstrated in normally-hearing adults. Verification in babies will be necessary.
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of N-(mercaptoacyl)-thiazolidinecarboxylic acids. (1982)

The synthesis and antihypertensive activity of a new series of N-(mercaptoacyl)-thiazolidinecarboxylic acids (VIIa-d) are described. Antihypertensive activity was evaluated in terms of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The activities of these compounds were compared with that of (2S)-1-[(2S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl] proline, SQ 14225, and many of them were found to be relatively potent inhibitors of ACE. The most potent was (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-mercaptopropanoyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (62). Structure-activity relationships among the thiazolidines and some related compounds are discussed.
Amine–boranes bearing borane-incompatible functionalities: application to selective amine protection and surface functionalization (2016)

The first general open-flask synthesis of amine-boranes with inexpensive and readily available reagents, such as sodium borohydride, sodium bicarbonate, water, and the desired amines is described. Even amines bearing borane-reactive functionalities, such as alkene, alkyne, hydroxyl, thiol, ester, amide, nitrile, and nitro are well tolerated. Some of these novel amine-boranes represent stable molecules containing potentially incompatible electrophilic and nucleophilic centers in proximity. This convenient scalable synthesis provides a novel class of organic ligands for surface functionalization, as demonstrated by the formation of self-assembled layers of thiol- and alkoxysilane-bearing amine-boranes on gold and silica surfaces, respectively.
Current-Controlled Nanotube Growth and Zone-Refinement (2005)

We describe methods by which the growth of a single carbon nanotube sCNTd can be precisely controlled by an electrical current. In one method a CNT is grown to a predetermined geometry inside another nanotube, which serves as a reaction chamber. Another method allows a preexisting marginal-quality multiwall CNT to be zone refined into a higher-quality multiwall CNT by driving a catalytic bead down the length of the nanotube. In both methods, the speed of nanotube formation is adjustable, and the growth can be stopped and restarted at will. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. fDOI: 10.1063/1.1920427g
Understanding approaches for web service composition and execution (2008)

Web services have received much interest due to their potential in facilitating seamless business-to-business or enterprise application integration. Of particular interest is the Web Service Composition and Execution (WSCE) process - the creation of a workflow that realizes the functionality of a new service and its subsequent deployment and execution on a runtime environment. A significant number of solutions have been proposed in the literature for composition and execution of web services. However, in order to choose a suitable technique for an application scenario, one needs to systematically analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each of these solutions. To this end, we present an analysis that includes formalization of the WSCE process, a classification of existing solutions into four distinct categories (approaches), and an in-depth evaluation of these approaches. Our evaluation is based on multiple metrics that we deem critical for a WSCE system, e.g. composition effort, composition control, and ability to handle failures. We also present an application of this analysis to three different scenarios.
Application of Array Resistivity Measurements in Horizontal Wells (2000)

Abstract When interpreting array resistivity measurements in horizontal wells, the objectives are quite different from traditional data interpretation in vertical or near vertical boreholes. While the emphasis for the latter is put on resolving the invasion profile and "true" formation resistivities, the former measurements are aimed at the identification of any nearby geometry, e.g., cap rock or oil-water contacts in the vicinity of the wellbore. In order to accomplish this, new algorithms have been developed ranging from real-time "geosteering" applications to sophisticated inversion-based processing. Early resistivity tools were complex devices that utilized bucking coils and guard electrodes to "focus" the measurement onto a particular region in the formation, for example, shallow and/or deep. These analog focusing methods were designed for and worked well in quasi-horizontally layered formations penetrated by a near vertical well. In the last decade array tools offering a multitude of electrode or coil arrangements have been introduced. By combining data from different electrodes or receiver coils and transmitters, it is possible to mathematically focus in on a particular formation area, such as illuminating the invasion profile and obtaining a better estimate of the formation resistivity. In horizontal and highly deviated wells, the array data still can be used to characterize the invaded zone, but, more importantly, the array data can be used to probe the layered structure above and below the well. Interpreting the response of today's array resistivity tools in these situations is critical to the drilling and formation evaluation process. In horizontal wells, the response of resistivity tools in even a simple layered formation is complicated and may differ significantly from our vertical well-based intuition. However, forward modeling of the expected formation earth model and inversion techniques, from the simplest to the most sophisticated approach, can assist both the driller and the petrophysicist in extracting required information. In this paper we demonstrate the use and effectiveness of the array resistivity tools in horizontal and near-horizontal wells. We focus on the use of the array data collected by the logging-while-drilling (LWD) Multiple Propagation Resistivity (MPR) tool as well as the wireline or pipe-conveyed driven High-Definition Induction Log (HDIL) and High-Definition Lateral Log (HDLL). For each tool the interpretation process is illustrated with field examples.
Design and analysis of frequency-selective surface enabled microbolometers (2016)

Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) are periodic array of sub-wavelength antenna elements. They allow the absorptance and reflectance of a surface to be engineered with respect to wavelength, polarization and angle-of-incidence. This paper applies this technique to microbolometers for uncooled infrared sensing applications. Both narrowband and broadband near perfect absorbing surfaces are synthesized and applied engineer the response of microbolometers. The paper focuses on simple FSS geometries (hexagonal close packed disk arrays) that can be fabricated using conventional lithographic tools for use at thermal infrared wavelengths (feature sizes > 1 μm). The affects of geometry and material selection for this geometry is described in detail. In the microbolometer application, the FSS controls the absorption rather than a conventional Fabry-Perot cavity and this permits an improved thermal design. A coupled full wave electromagnetic/transient thermal model of the entire microbolometer is presented and analyzed using the finite element method. The absence of the cavity also permits more flexibility in the design of the support arms/contacts. This combined modeling permits prediction of the overall device sensitivity, time-constant and the specific detectivity.
IRAK1 is a therapeutic target that drives breast cancer metastasis and resistance to paclitaxel (2015)

Metastatic tumour recurrence due to failed treatments remains a major challenge of breast cancer clinical management. Here we report that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers, in particular triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where it acts to drive aggressive growth, metastasis and acquired resistance to paclitaxel treatment. We show that IRAK1 overexpression confers TNBC growth advantage through NF-κB-related cytokine secretion and metastatic TNBC cells exhibit gain of IRAK1 dependency, resulting in high susceptibility to genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of IRAK1. Importantly, paclitaxel treatment induces strong IRAK1 phosphorylation, an increase in inflammatory cytokine expression, enrichment of cancer stem cells and acquired resistance to paclitaxel treatment. Pharmacologic inhibition of IRAK1 is able to reverse paclitaxel resistance by triggering massive apoptosis at least in part through inhibiting p38-MCL1 pro-survival pathway. Our study thus demonstrates IRAK1 as a promising therapeutic target for TNBC metastasis and paclitaxel resistance.
Identification of olivetolic acid cyclase from <i>Cannabis sativa</i> reveals a unique catalytic route to plant polyketides (2012)

Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids are responsible for the psychoactive and medicinal properties of Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana). The first intermediate in the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway is proposed to be olivetolic acid (OA), an alkylresorcinolic acid that forms the polyketide nucleus of the cannabinoids. OA has been postulated to be synthesized by a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme, but so far type III PKSs from cannabis have been shown to produce catalytic byproducts instead of OA. We analyzed the transcriptome of glandular trichomes from female cannabis flowers, which are the primary site of cannabinoid biosynthesis, and searched for polyketide cyclase-like enzymes that could assist in OA cyclization. Here, we show that a type III PKS (tetraketide synthase) from cannabis trichomes requires the presence of a polyketide cyclase enzyme, olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC), which catalyzes a C2-C7 intramolecular aldol condensation with carboxylate retention to form OA. OAC is a dimeric α+β barrel (DABB) protein that is structurally similar to polyketide cyclases from Streptomyces species. OAC transcript is present at high levels in glandular trichomes, an expression profile that parallels other cannabinoid pathway enzymes. Our identification of OAC both clarifies the cannabinoid pathway and demonstrates unexpected evolutionary parallels between polyketide biosynthesis in plants and bacteria. In addition, the widespread occurrence of DABB proteins in plants suggests that polyketide cyclases may play an overlooked role in generating plant chemical diversity.
Hyperacute renal allograft rejection from anti-HLA class 1 antibody to B cells -antibody detection by two color FCXM was possible only after using pronase-digested donor lymphocytes (1997)

Abstract We present a report of a transplant recipient who lost her renal allograft from hyperacute rejection. This was secondary to a weak IgG anti-HLA class I antibody that was only reactive to donor B lymphocytes. This antibody was not detected in her pretransplant serum by the conventional complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays using donor blood lymphocytes. Pretransplant sera were analyzed retrospectively by two-color flow cytometric crossmatching (FCXM). It was difficult to determine if the recipient's serum contained an IgG antibody specific for HLA on donor B cells since IgG from control AB sera and pretransplant sera bound equally well to CD19 B cells. However, when donor lymphocytes were pretreated with pronase to digest the membrane receptor for Fc domain of IgG (FcyR) on non-T-cells, control IgG in AB serum did not bind to B cells and, hence, it was easy to detect binding of IgG (in pretransplant sera) to HLA on B cells. This case underscores the importance of identifying weak anti-HLA class I antibodies reactive only to B cells. Moreover, it shows that the currently used two-color FCXM lacks the specificity to detect such antibodies.
Lubricants and lubricant additives: II. Performance characteristics of some substituted fatty acid esters (1975)

Abstract Sixty‐one compounds, principally substituted fatty esters of mono‐ and polyhydric alcohols, but including some amides and two imidazolidines, were prepared and evaluated as lubricants and lubricant additives for paraffin and diester base oils. The effects of chloro, phosphato, phosphorodithio, thio, epithio, mercapto, and sulfuryl substituents, alone and in certain combinations, on the performances of the compounds as antiwear and extreme pressure lubricants were investigated. The epithio (thiirane) group was the most effective and consistent in enhancing extreme pressure and antiwear performances of the compounds as additives. Sulfurized and chloro‐sulfone derivatives also were effective, but perhaps somewhat less predictably so, than the epithio derivatives. The phosphato and phosphorodithio derivatives were good, consistent, antiwear additives, but only the latter seemed potentially useful for improving extreme pressure lubrication. Structure‐performance correlations favor use of the esters over the amides.
State-space approximate dynamic programming for stochastic unit commitment (2011)

It is known that unit commitment problems with un certainties in power demands and the outputs of some generators can be represented as factored Markov decision process models. In this paper we propose a state space approximate dynamic programming algorithm to solve such models. The algorithm features a method to generate representative system configurations (states) and a functional metric to measure the similarity among system configurations. Experimental results show that the algorithm outperforms two deterministic approaches in resulting in both lower risks and operational costs, and that it can solve larger problems than a stochastic approach based on decision space approximate dynamic programming.
Lightweight Container-based User Environment (2019)

Modern operating systems all support multi-users that users could share a computer simultaneously and not affect each other. However, there are some limitations. For example, privacy problem exists that users are visible to each other in terms of running processes and files. Moreover, users have little freedom to customize the system environment. Last, it is a burden for system administrator to safely manage and update system environment while satisfying multiple users. Facing the above problems, this paper proposes CUE, a Lightweight Container-based User Environment. CUE proposes a new notion that stands in between application container and operating system container:user container. CUE is able to give users more flexibility to customize their environment, achieve privacy isolation, and make system update easier and safer. Its goal is to optimize and enhance the multi-user notion of current operating system and being lightweight. Moreover, it is able to facilitate application deployment in high performance clusters. It is currently deployed in NUDT's Tianhe E prototype supercomputer. Experiment results show that it introduces negligible overhead.
Combination of CT derived radiomic features and lymphovascular invasion status to predict disease recurrence following trimodality therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. (2018)

e24314 Background: Currently there are no clinically validated biomarkers to identify which locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) will benefit from trimodality therapy (i.e. neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NAT) followed by surgery, TMT). In this study, we evaluate radiomic (i.e. computer extracted imaging) features of tumor phenotype as potential predictors of disease recurrence following TMT. Methods: 123 pts with stage III NSCLC treated with TMT were included. Of these, 33 pts with either distant metastasis at presentation and/or those without baseline pre-NAT CT scans were excluded. Lung tumors were retrospectively annotated by an expert reader. 1542 radiomic features (textural and shape) were extracted from intra and peritumoral regions. multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate radiomic and clinico-pathologic factors predictive of recurrence post-surgery. Results: Pathological response was achieved in 36 (40%) pts and the rest 54 (60%) were labeled non-responders. 90 pts were randomly allocated to equally sized (n = 45) training and validation sets. The recurrence rate after surgery was 42.2% (n = 38) and the mean duration of recurrence was 20.28 ± 16.43 months. Multivariate Cox regression model revealed that a combination of two radiomic features (intratumoral and peritumoral Laplacian Laws features that capture micro-gradients and patterns of heterogeneous enhancement) from a baseline non-contrast CT scan as well as lymphovascular invasion (LVI) signature status was predictive of time to recurrence after TMT (p-value = 0.0283, 0.0129, 0.0454 respectively). Three-fold cross validation was used for training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with three features on the training set and subsequently evaluated on the validation set. The classifier successfully distinguished pts based on time to recurrence post-TMT, which was statistically significant (log-rank test, p-value < 0.014). Conclusions: Combination of LVI status and texture features extracted from within and around the tumor on baseline CT images was predictive of disease recurrence in NSCLC pts treated with TMT.
Production of native protein from yeasts. (1974)

Previous experience on mechanical disintegration of microorganisms was used as a basis for preparation of protein from yeasts. The purpose of this study was to prepare a native tasteless protein usable in the food industry. This protein can be given a meat texture. Isolated protein has a low content of nucleic acids. Conditions of protein release into solution, reduction of nucleic acid content, and isolation of protein from solution were studied. On the basis of the laboratory results, a semipilot continuous production line with production capacity of /sup 1///sub 2/ kg of protein per hour was designed.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE): A review (2014)

Advanced oxidation processes using UV and catalysts like <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> and ZnO have been recently applied for the photocatalytic degradation of MTBE in water. Attempts have been made to replace the UV radiation by the solar spectrum. This review intends to shed more light on the work that has been done so far in this area of research. The information provided will help in crystallizing the ideas required to shift the trend from UV photocatalysis to sunlight photocatalysis. The careful optimization of the reaction parameters and the type of the dopant employed are greatly responsible for any enhancement in the degradation process. The advantage of shifting from UV photocatalysts to visible light photocatalysts can be observed when catalysts like <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> and ZnO are doped with suitable metals. Therefore, it is expected that in the near future, the visible light photocatalysis will be the main technique applied for the remediation of water contaminated with MTBE.
Molecular cloning of pertussis toxin genes (1986)

We have cloned a 4.5 kb EcoRI/BamHI DNA fragment from Bordetella pertussis which contains at least two genes responsible for expression of pertussis toxin. The S4 subunit of the toxin was isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography and the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence determined. Using a mixed synthetic oligonucleotide probe designed by reverse translation of a portion of the protein sequence, a cloned DNA fragment was identified which contains the coding information for at least the S4 structural subunit of the toxin. Sequence analyses indicate that the mature protein is derived by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor molecule. Southern blot analyses of Tn5-induced B. pertussis toxin-deficient mutants show that the Tn5 DNA is inserted 1.3 kb downstream from the S4 subunit gene. This second gene could code for another subunit required for assembly of the mature toxin or a non-structural transport protein, possibly in the same polycistronic operon. The molecular cloning of pertussis toxin genes provides the basis for development of a safer recombinant "new generation" vaccine for whooping cough.