gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hand-held digital line-scanning laser ophthalmoscope (LSLO) (2004)

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy is a powerful research tool with specialized but, to date, limited use in ophthalmic clinics due in part to the size, cost, and complexity of instruments. Conversely, low-cost retinal imaging devices have limited capabilities in screening, detection, and diagnosis of diseases. To fill the niche between these two, a low-cost, hand-held, line-scanning laser ophthalmoscope (LSLO) was designed, constructed, and tested on normal human subjects. The LSLO has only one moving part, multiple imaging modes, and uses low-cost but highly sensitive complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) linear arrays for imaging with a detector dynamic range of 12-bits. The line-scanning approach produces high contrast quasi-confocal images with nearly the same performance as a flying-spot SLO. Imaging modes include simultaneous dual wavelength illumination and live stereoscopic imaging with a split aperture. Image processing and display functions are controlled with two stacked prototype compact printed circuit boards using field-programmable gated arrays (FPGA) and other digital electronic elements. With near shot-noise limited performance, the digital LSLO camera requires low illumination power (~ 100 μW) at near-infrared wavelengths. Wide field fundus images with several imaging modes have been obtained from several human subjects. The LSLO will significantly enhance confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for routine use by ophthalmologist, optometrists, general practitioners and also non-specialized emergency medical personnel and technicians in the field for retinal disease detection and other diverse applications.
Prediction of overall atmospheric modulation transfer function with standard weather parameters: comparison with measurements with two imaging systems (1995)

The overall atmospheric modulation transfer function (MTF) is essentially the product of the turbulence and aerosol MTFs. Models describing meteorological dependences of both <i>C</i><sup>2</sup><i>n</i> (where <i>Cn</i> is the refractive index structure coefficient) and the coarse aerosol size distribution have been developed previously. Here, they are used to predict the turbulence MTF, aerosol MTF, and overall atmospheric MTF according to the weather. Comparison of predictions with measurements yields very low mean squared normalized error and suggests that such prediction models can also be very useful in image restoration based on weather data at the time and general location in which the image was recorded. An interesting aspect of this work is that measurements of the aerosol MTF with different imaging instrumentation are very different, as expected from theory developed previously concerning the practical aerosol MTF actually recorded in the image. This is dependent on instrumentation parameters. This experimental verification with two different imaging systems supports the model that the "practical" aerosol MTF is very dependent on instrumentation.
<title>Global brightness-fluctuation compensation in video coding</title> (1997)

A global brightness-fluctuation compensation (GBC) scheme is proposed to improve coding efficiency for video scenes that contain global brightness fluctuations caused by fade- in/out, camera-iris adjustment, and so on. In this scheme, a set of two brightness-fluctuation parameters, which represent contrast and offset components of the brightness fluctuation in the whole frame, is first estimated. The brightness fluctuation is then compensated using the parameters. Furthermore, a block-by-clock ON/OFF control method for GBC is introduced to improve coding performance even for scenes including local fluctuations in brightness caused by camera flashed, spotlights, and the like. In this method, GBC is performed only on the blocks where the sum of the squared error produced using GBC is less than that produced without GBC. Simulation results show that the proposed GBC scheme with the ON/OFF control method greatly improves coding efficiency, especially for sequences with considerable global brightness fluctuation.
A novel glucuronyltransferase in nervous system presumably associated with the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on glycoproteins (1992)

Recently, embryonic chicken brain extract was shown to contain a glucuronyltransferase, which transfers glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid to glycolipid acceptors (neolactotetraosyl ceramide). The enzyme was also suggested to transfer glucuronic acid to glycoprotein acceptors (asialoorosomucoid) (Das, K. K., Basu, M., Basu, S., Chou, D. K. H., and Jungalwala, F. B. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 5238-5243). In this study, the glucuronyltransferase activity in rat brain extract was separated into two groups by UDP-glucuronic acid-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The enzyme recovered predominantly in the effluent fraction (GlcAT-L) catalyzed the transfer of glucuronic acid to glycolipid acceptors but not to glycoprotein acceptors, whereas the enzyme recovered in the eluate fraction (GlcAT-P) transferred glucuronic acid most predominantly to glycoprotein acceptors and very little to glycolipid acceptors. GlcAT-P was able to transfer glucuronic acid to oligosaccharide chains on asialoorosomucoid. The enzyme recognized a terminal lactosamine structure, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc, on glycoproteins. It was localized in the nervous system and was hardly detectable in other tissues, including the thymus, spleen, lung, kidney, and liver. Although GlcAT-L and GlcAT-P shared some properties in common such as tissue distributions and developmental changes, they exhibited marked differences in their phospholipid dependence and in their pH profiles, apart from their respective acceptor preference to glycolipids and glycoproteins. The acceptor specificity and tissue distribution suggest that a novel glucuronyltransferase, GlcAT-P, is involved in the biosynthesis of the sulfoglucuronylgalactose structure in the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope that is expressed on glycoproteins.
TVDc (2008)

Virtualization technology is becoming increasingly common in datacenters, since it allows for collocation of multiple workloads, consisting of operating systems, middleware and applications, in different virtual machines (VMs) on shared physical hardware platforms. However, when coupled with the ease of VM migration, this trend increases the potential surface for security attacks. Further, the simplified management of VMs, including creation, cloning and migration, makes it imperative to monitor and guarantee the integrity of software components running within VMs. This paper presents the IBM Trusted Virtual Datacenter (TVDc) technology developed to address the need for strong isolation and integrity guarantees, thus significantly enhancing security and systems management capabilities, in virtualized environments. It signifies the first effort to incorporate trusted computing technologies directly into virtualization and systems management software. We present and discuss various components that constitute TVDc: the Trusted Platform Module (TPM), the virtual TPM, the IBM hypervisor security architecture (sHype) and the associated systems management software.
CryoEM reveals how the small molecule EGCG binds to Alzheimer’s brain-derived tau fibrils and initiates fibril disaggregation (2020)

Abstract EGCG, the most abundant favanol in green tea, is one of the few natural compounds known to inhibit amyloid fibril formation of proteins associated with neurodegeneration, and to disaggregate amyloid fibrils. Little is known of the mechanism of molecular action of EGCG, or how it or other small molecules interact with amyloid fibrils. Here we present a 3.9 Å resolution cryoEM structure that reveals the site of EGCG binding to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain-derived tau fibrils. The structure suggests that EGCG disaggregates fibrils of AD-tau by wedging into a cleft that is at the interface of two protofilaments of the paired helical filament, and by causing charge repulsions between tau layers of the fibril. In support of this, we observe separation of the protofilaments that EGCG wedges between, and accompanying displacement of the adjacent β-helix domain. By resolving the site of EGCG binding, our structure defines a pharmacophore-like cleft in the AD-tau fibril that will be of use for the discovery of surrogate compounds with more desirable drug-like properties.
Conjugative Botulinum Neurotoxin-Encoding Plasmids in Clostridium botulinum (2010)

This is the first evidence supporting conjugal transfer of native botulinum neurotoxin-encoding plasmids in C. botulinum, and provides a probable mechanism for the lateral distribution of BoNT-encoding plasmids to other C. botulinum strains. The potential transfer of C. botulinum BoNT-encoding plasmids to other bacterial hosts in the environment or within the human intestine is of great concern for human pathogenicity and necessitates further characterization of these plasmids.
Wireless Hybrid Positioning Based on Surface Modeling with Polygon Support (2018)

This paper addresses 3D geo-location for fifth generation wireless systems. It is discussed how a standardized location reporting format could be augmented with vertical information, without a need for signaling of map information. The paper shows how surface models can be constructed from such an augmented polygon location reporting format, to represent the 3D geography on the support of the interior of the polygon. A new 3D time-difference-of-arrival hybrid positioning algorithm is proposed, in which the vertical degree of freedom of the mobile is replaced by the proposed surface model. This enables 3D time-difference-of-arrival positioning based on only three time of arrival measurements. A simulated performance evaluation over 10 rural cells in hilly terrain with three time of arrival measurements indicates that the proposed surface model can reduce the horizontal and vertical errors by more than 80 %, as compared to when no vertical model is used.
Fast Multi-rate Encoding for Adaptive HTTP Streaming (2020)

Adaptive HTTP streaming provides multiple representations of the same content at different bit-rates and resolutions and allows the client to request segments from the available representations in a dynamic, adaptive way depending on its context. The growing number of representations in adaptive HTTP streaming makes encoding of one video segment at different representations a challenging task in terms of encoding time-complexity. In this paper, information of both highest and lowest quality representations are used to limit Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO) process for each Coding Unit Tree (CTU) in High Efficiency Video Coding. Our proposed method first encodes the highest quality representation and consequently uses its information to encode the lowest quality representation. Thereafter, information from both the highest and the lowest quality representations are used to predict features of intermediate quality representations. In particular, the block structure and the selected reference frame of both highest and lowest quality representations are used to predict and shorten the RDO process of each CTU for intermediate quality representations. Our proposed method introduces a delay of two CTUs if parallel encoding is used. Experimental results show significant reduction in time-complexity over the reference software (38%) and the state-of-the-art (10%) while quality degradation is negligible.
Packet Voice on a Local Area Network with Round Robin Service (1986)

In this paper, we propose a combined voice/data protocol suitable for multiple access broadcast networks that provide round robin service to the stations. Such networks are well suited to the integration of voice and data since they guarantee bounded delay and provide high utilization even for high bandwidth channels. Using one such network proposal-namely Expressnet-as a representative scheme, we examine the characteristics of the service that voice traffic experiences under the voice/data protocol. We show that the access protocol is able to utilize the channel efficiently to support a large population of voice sources while maintaining low packet delay and guaranteeing some prespecified minimum bandwidth for data traffic. In addition, we show the advantages of silence suppression, i.e., discarding speech that constitutes silent periods, and we examine the cost of overloading the network in terms of the amount of speech discarded.
Practical monitor and control of SEM astigmatism in manufacturing (2001)

Astigmatism in the modem scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a leading cause oftool drift and poor precision. A straightforward and productive way of assessing astigmatism in an SEM involves determining the best focus settings for neighboring sets ofparallel edges ofdifferent orientations, typically: vertical, horizontal, and diagonal. Clearly if best focus is the same for all targets, then the working astigmatism ofthe instrument is zero. When these readings are unequal, the degree ofastigmatism is proportional to the deviation of individual readings from the mean. This then provides a quantitative way to monitor the degree of astigmatism. Alternatively, this provides the basis for a rapid algorithm for correcting astigmatism with a minimum ofbeam writing. This paper presents methods for objectively monitoring and correcting astigmatism in any SEM with automatic focus. This work also discusses the optimal choice of focus and linewidth measurement targets to use in automatic statistical process control practices for best sensitivity to astigmatism.
Electromechanical coupling factor of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (2003)

Recently, a linear, analytical distributed model for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) was presented, and an electromechanical equivalent circuit based on the theory reported was used to describe the behavior of the transducer [IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 49, 159-168 (2002)]. The distributed model is applied here to calculate the dynamic coupling factor k(w) of a lossless CMUT, based on a definition that involves the energies stored in a dynamic vibration cycle, and the results are compared with those obtained with a lumped model. A strong discrepancy is found between the two models as the bias voltage increases. The lumped model predicts an increasing dynamic k factor up to unity, whereas the distributed model predicts a more realistic saturation of this parameter to values substantially lower. It is demonstrated that the maximum value of k(w), corresponding to an operating point close to the diaphragm collapse, is 0.4 for a CMUT single cell with a circular membrane diaphragm and no parasitic capacitance (0.36 for a cell with a circular plate diaphragm). This means that the dynamic coupling factor of a CMUT is comparable to that of a piezoceramic plate oscillating in the thickness mode. Parasitic capacitance decreases the value of k(w), because it does not contribute to the energy conversion. The effective coupling factor k(eff) is also investigated, showing that this parameter coincides with k(w) within the lumped model approximation, but a quite different result is obtained if a computation is made with the more accurate distributed model. As a consequence, k(eff), which can be measured from the transducer electrical impedance, does not give a reliable value of the actual dynamic coupling factor.
Intra-sentence Punctuation Insertion in Natural Language Generation (2002)

We describe a punctuation insertion model used in the sentence realization module of a natural language generation system for English and German. The model is based on a decision tree classifier that uses linguistically sophisticated features. The classifier outperforms a word n-gram model trained on the same data.
Demonstration of Adaptive Optics Compensation for Emulated Atmospheric Turbulence in a Two-Orbital-Angular-Momentum Encoded Free-Space Quantum Link at 10 Mbits/s (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate adaptive-optics compensation of emulated atmospheric turbulence for an OAM-based quantum communication link with a classical Gaussian beam used as probe. The turbulence-induced quantum-symbol-error-rate is reduced by ≈ 76 % with the compensation.
Combination of CD40 Agonism and CSF-1R Blockade Reconditions Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Drives Potent Antitumor Immunity (2017)

Efficacious antitumor immune responses must overcome multiple suppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment to control cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrate that dual targeting of suppressive myeloid populations by inhibiting CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling and activation of antigen-presenting cells with agonist anti-CD40 treatment confers superior antitumor efficacy and increased survival compared with monotherapy treatment in preclinical tumor models. Concurrent CSF-1R blockade and CD40 agonism lead to profound changes in the composition of immune infiltrates, causing an overall decrease in immunosuppressive cells and a shift toward a more inflammatory milieu. Anti-CD40/anti-CSF-1R-treated tumors contain decreased tumor-associated macrophages and Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells. This combination approach increases maturation and differentiation of proinflammatory macrophages and dendritic cells and also drives potent priming of effector T cells in draining lymph nodes. As a result, tumor-infiltrating effector T cells exhibit improved responses to tumor antigen rechallenge. These studies show that combining therapeutic approaches may simultaneously remove inhibitory immune populations and sustain endogenous antitumor immune responses to successfully impair cancer progression. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(12); 1109-21. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Combining liquid desiccant dehumidification with a dew-point evaporative cooler: A design analysis (2013)

Abstract This article uses a numerical model to analyze a concept combining a liquid desiccant dehumidifier with a dew-point indirect evaporative cooler. Each of these components, or stages, consists of an array of channel pairs, where a channel pair is two air channels separated by a thin plastic plate. In the first stage, a liquid desiccant film lining one side of the plates removes moisture from the process (supply-side) air through a membrane. An evaporatively cooled exhaust airstream on the other side of the plastic plate cools the desiccant. The second stage sensibly cools the dried process air with a dew-point evaporative cooler. This article uses a parametric analysis to illustrate the key design tradeoff for this concept: device size (a surrogate for cost) versus energy efficiency. The analysis finds the design parameters with the largest effect on this tradeoff and finds the combinations of design parameters giving near-optimal designs, which are designs with the highest efficiency for a given device size. The results indicate that there are two key parameters contributing to this tradeoff: the supply-side air channel thickness and the exhaust-air flow rate in the evaporative cooler. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36–08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Jason Woods, PhD, is Research Engineer. Eric Kozubal, ASHRAE Associate Member, is Senior Engineer.
Differential Association of Microvascular Attributions With Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Long Duration of Type 1 Diabetes (2018)

Absence of PDR in people with type 1 diabetes and CKD was associated with a decreased prevalence of CVD, suggesting that common protective factors for PDR and CVD may exist.
P2‐Quinazolinones and Bis‐Macrocycles as New Templates for Next‐Generation Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4a Protease Inhibitors: Discovery of MK‐2748 and MK‐6325 (2015)

With the goal of identifying inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4a protease that are potent against a wide range of genotypes and clinically relevant mutant viruses, several subseries of macrocycles were investigated based on observations made during the discovery of MK-5172. Quinazolinone-containing macrocycles were identified as promising leads, and optimization for superior cross-genotype and mutant enzyme potency as well as rat liver and plasma concentrations following oral dosing, led to the development of MK-2748. Additional investigation of a series of bis-macrocycles containing a fused 18- and 15-membered ring system were also optimized for the same properties, leading to the discovery of MK-6325. Both compounds display the broad genotype and mutant potency necessary for clinical development as next-generation HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors.
Acoustically-engineered multi-port AlN-on-silicon resonators for accurate temperature sensing (2013)

This paper reports on a novel silicon microresonator that is acoustically engineered to facilitate simultaneous yet independent piezoelectric transduction of multiple resonance modes with large difference in their temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) and integer frequency ratios. A three-port aluminum-nitride-on-silicon (AlN-on-Si) microresonator prototype implemented based on this technique has two energy-trapped modes at 109 MHz and 218 MHz, with a TCF difference of ~7 ppm/°C, which are separately transduced through two isolated electrical ports. A small beat frequency extracted from an integer combination of these modes has a linear TCF of ~8300 ppm/°C, suitable for sensing the resonator temperature with high accuracy and resolution.
Abstract #5538: Reversal of chemoresistance and enhancement of apoptosis by curcumin through down-regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway in Ewing\#8217;s sarcoma cells (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

The prognosis of high-risk Ewing tumours (HR-ET) remains poor. Doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy regimens are standard of care for HR-ET patients. However, chemo-resistivity is often observed in patients who relapse or develop metastatic disease. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an anti-inflammatory agent used in traditional medicine, has been shown to suppress cellular transformation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through modulation of NF-kappa B activation. We determined whether the combination of curcumin and standard chemotherapeutic agents could overcome chemo-resistance and augment apoptosis in Ewing\#8217;s sarcoma cells. We found that doxorubicin induced NF kappa B activation in various cell lines, including TC-71, RDES, and A4573. Pretreatment of cells with curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced activation of NF kappa B and potentiates the apoptosis induced by doxorubicin. We found that curcumin had no effect on the level of expression of transcription factor EWS-FLI-1. These results suggest that curcumin mediates its effect through down regulation of NF kappa B. This mechanism of action may be useful in overcoming chemoresistance of HR-ET.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5538.
Query suggestion based on user landing pages (2007)

This poster investigates a novel query suggestion technique that selects query refinements through a combination of many users' post-query navigation patterns and the query logs of a large search engine. We compare this technique, which uses the queries that retrieve in the top-ranked search results places where searchers end up after post-query browsing (i.e., the landing pages), with an approach based on query refinements from user search sessions extracted from query logs. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of using landing pages for the direct generation of query suggestions, as well as the complementary nature of the suggestions it generates with regard to traditional query log based refinement methodologies.