gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Significance of the Conserved Residues in the Flexible Hinge Region of the Myosin Motor Domain (1999)

Analysis of the three-dimensional crystal structure of the Dictyostelium myosin motor domain revealed that the myosin head is required to bend at residues Ile-455 and Gly-457 to produce the conformation changes observed in the ternary complexes that resemble the pre- and post-hydrolysis states (Fisher, A. J., Smith, C. A., Thoden, J. B., Smith, R., Sutoh, K., Holden, H. M., and Rayment, I. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 8960-8972). Asp-454, Ile-455, and Gly-457 of smooth muscle myosin were substituted by Ala, Met, and Ala, respectively, and the mechano-enzymatic activities were determined to study the role of these residues in myosin motor function. Whereas the basal steady-state Mg2+-ATPase activity of D454A was higher than that of the wild type, the rate of the hydrolytic step is reduced approximately 2,000-fold and becomes rate-limiting. M-ATP rather than M-ADP-P is the predominant steady-state intermediate, and the initial Pi burst and the ATP-induced enhancement of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence are absent in D454A. D454A binds actin in the absence of ATP but is not dissociated from actin by ATP. Moreover, actin inhibits rather than activates the ATPase activity; consequently, D454A does not support actin translocating activity. I455M has normal actin-activated ATPase activity, Pi burst, and ATP-induced enhancement of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, suggesting that the enzymatic properties are normal. However, the actin translocating activity was completely inhibited. This suggests that the side chain at Ile-455 is critical for myosin motor activity but not for relatively normal enzymatic function, which indicates an apparent uncoupling between enzymatic activity and motile function. Although G457A has normal ATP-dependent actin dissociation, ATP hydrolytic step is reduced by approximately 10(5)-fold in the presence or absence of actin; consequently, G457A does not have actin translocating activity. These results indicate the importance of these conserved residues at the hinge region for normal myosin motor function.
Cross-domain meta-learning for bug finding in the source codes with a small dataset (2020)

In terms of application security, detecting security vulnerabilities in prior and fixing them is one of the effective ways to prevent malicious activities. However, finding security bugs is highly reliant upon human experts due to its complexity. Therefore, source code auditing, one of the ways to find bugs, costs a lot, and the quality of auditing quite varies according to the performer. There have been many attempts to make automated systems for code auditing, but they have been suffered from huge false positives and false negatives.
Interferometric measurement of in-plane motion (1991)

Interferometric metrology in which transverse or in-plane measurements are made is discussed. This technique can measure the displacements of diffusely scattering surfaces with microinch resolution and accuracies on the order of 0.01 percent and the displacements of relatively coarse scales with submicroinch precision and an accuracy determined by the scale itself at speeds over 100 ft/sec. The measurement principle and geometry are described and the measurement of the interferometric phase is addressed. The system design is presented.
Pharmacological inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase induces apoptosis and differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia cells (2018)

Acute myeloid leukemia is a disorder characterized by abnormal differentiation of myeloid cells and a clonal proliferation derived from primitive hematopoietic stem cells. Interventions that overcome myeloid differentiation have been shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase leads to apoptosis and normal differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells, indicating that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is a potential differentiation regulator and a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. By screening a library of natural products, we identified a novel dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, isobavachalcone, derived from the traditional Chinese medicine <i>Psoralea corylifolia</i> Using enzymatic analysis, thermal shift assay, pull down, nuclear magnetic resonance, and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments, we demonstrate that isobavachalcone inhibits human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase directly, and triggers apoptosis and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oral administration of isobavachalcone suppresses subcutaneous HL60 xenograft tumor growth without obvious toxicity. Importantly, our results suggest that a combination of isobavachalcone and adriamycin prolonged survival in an intravenous HL60 leukemia model. In summary, this study demonstrates that isobavachalcone triggers apoptosis and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells via pharmacological inhibition of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia.
Thermal Conductivity of UO<sub>2</sub>-BeO Pellet (1996)

Beryllium oxide(BeO)-doped (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 13.6 wt%) UO2 pellets were fabricated to evaluate the effects of BeO precipitate shape on thermal conductivity. Precipitate distributions were of two types: BeO precipitated almost continuously along a grain boundary (designated BeO continuous type) and spherical BeO randomly dispersed within the matrix (designated BeO dispersed type). Thermal diffusivity was measured by a laser flash method and thermal conductivity was evaluated. The thermal conductivity increased with the BeO content. The thermal conductivity of the BeO continuous type was higher than that of the BeO dispersed type at lower temperatures, while their difference became smaller at higher temperatures. The thermal conductivities of UO2-1.2 wt% BeO at 1,100K were higher than that of UO2 by about 25 % for the BeO continuous type and by about 10 % for the BeO dispersed type. The thermal conductivities of both types were expressed by a semi-empirical equation as a function of volume fraction and shape of the BeO precipitates.
Ethynylated aromatics as high temperature matrix resins (1986)

Difunctional and trifunctional arylacetylenes were used as monomers to form thermoset matrix resin composites. Composites can be hot pressed at 180 C to react 80 percent of the acetylene groups. Crosslinking is completed by postcuring at 350 C. The postcured resins are thermally stable to nominally 460 C in air. As a result of their high crosslink density, the matrix exhibits brittle failure when unaxial composites are tested in tension. Failure of both uniaxial tensile and flexural specimens occurs in shear at the fiber matrix interface. Tensile fracture stresses for 0 deg composites fabricated with 60 v/o Celion 6K graphite fiber were 827 MPa. The strain to failure was 0.5 percent. Composites fabricated with 8 harness satin Celion cloth (Fiberite 1133) and tested in tension also failed in shear at tensile stresses of 413 MPa.
Effect of Off-Axis Screw Insertion, Insertion Torque, and Plate Contouring on Locked Screw Strength (2013)

To maximize the screw plate interface strength, locking screws should be inserted without cross-threading. The mechanical stability of locked screws is significantly compromised by loose insertion, off-axis insertion, or severe distortion of the locking mechanism.
The BCG replacement vaccine VPM1002: from drawing board to clinical trial (2014)

Tuberculosis remains a major health threat and vaccines better than bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are urgently required. Here we describe our experience with a recombinant BCG expressing listeriolysin and deficient in urease. This potential replacement vaccine has demonstrated superior efficacy and safety over BCG in Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosol-challenged mice and was safe in numerous animal models including immune-deficient mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and nonhuman primates. Phase I clinical trials in adults in Germany and South Africa have proven safety and a current Phase IIa trial is under way to assess immunogenicity and safety in its target population, newborns in a high tuberculosis incidence setting, with promising early results. Second-generation candidates are being developed to improve safety and efficacy.
Alginate, a bioresorbable material derived from brown seaweed, enhances elongation of amputated axons of spinal cord in infant rats (2001)

Freeze-dried alginate sponge crosslinked with covalent bonds was developed in our laboratory and has been demonstrated to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, we examined spinal cord repair using alginate sponge in infant rats. On postnatal day 8-12, the spinal cord was transversely resected at Th7-Th8 to produce a 2-mm gap. The gap was filled with alginate sponge in the alginate group. For the control group, the gap was left empty. In the alginate group, the recovery of evoked electromyogram and sensory-evoked potentials 6 weeks after surgery indicated that elongation of axons could establish electrophysiologically functional projections through the gap. A histological study revealed that myelinated and unmyelinated axons, surrounded by a perineurial-like structure, had elongated across the gap. An immunohistochemical examination revealed that elongation of astrocytic processes and/or migration of astrocytes into the alginate sponge was induced, whereas astrocyte gliosis was reduced at the interface between the implanted alginate and the host spinal cord, compared with the control group. However, a horseradish peroxidase tracing study revealed ascending and descending fibers had also elongated into the gap and reentered the other stump of the transected spinal cord beyond the gap. These results suggest that alginate might provide a permissive microenvironment for elongation of spinal cord axons. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 54: 373–384, 2001
Amorphous Metal‐Sulphide Microfibers Enable Photonic Synapses for Brain‐Like Computing (2015)

In the pursuit of all-optical brain-like computing, optical axons and photonic synapses are demonstrated using metal-sulphide microfibers, which allow the generation and propagation of optical action potentials. This gives rise to an all-optical implementation of a number of interneuronal and intraneuronal communication protocols that underlie learning and cognition in the brain. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Insulated gate transistor modeling and optimization (1984)

The Insulated Gate Transistor (IGT) is a new power switching device which appears promising for high voltage applications. As of this date, however, this device has not been quantitatively modeled or optimized. The aim of the present study is to develop an accurate and effficient model of the IGT. The IGT is modeled as a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) driven by a MOSFET. The bipolar nature of the device is examined by studying the effects of carrier lifetime on electrical performances. This model also predicts the effects of the gate-oxide thickness, channel length, and cell spacing on the IGT forward I-V characteristics for a 100-1200V range in blocking voltage. The relative significance of the MOS/BJT components of the device has been explored. This is particularly important when optimizing designs over a wide range of voltage ratings Careful attention to this has led to greater than a three times improvement in high temperature dynamic latching current This is the key to obtaining a wide safe-operating-area for the IGT. For the first time, an accurate and straightforward mode of the IGT has been developed. The model predictions are within 10% of the experimental data.
Restless Legs Syndrome (1996)

To the Editor. —In his lucid discussion of restless legs syndrome (RLS), 1 Dr Feigin describes many of the agents noted to be anecdotally useful in treating this vexing problem. Absent from his list is gabapentin, which has been reported to be effective in RLS. 2 Recently, we successfully treated five patients who suffered from RLS with gababentin. These patients had not responded to treatment with levodopa/carbidopa or clonazepam. They tolerated gabapentin quite well in doses ranging from 300 to 2700 mg/d. While the neurochemical basis of the action of gabapentin is not known with certainty, it may involve modulation of the action of the GABA receptors, thereby increasing inhibitory activity at some sites in the central nervous system. This provides a rationale for the use of gabapentin in the treatment of RLS. Controlled trials of gabapentin as well as some of the other agents described by Feigin are needed.
A simplified method for HPLC determination of creatinine in mouse serum (2004)

Mouse models are frequently used to study renal function. However, mouse serum contains chromagens that interfere with standard picric acid-based assays for serum creatinine. Several alternative methods exist for serum creatinine measurements, including assay by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but only one has been adapted to mouse serum. Creatinine was measured in serum by acetonitrile deproteinization, followed by isocratic, cation exchange HPLC. The HPLC method was compared with a standard alkaline picrate colorimetric assay, using serum from animals with low-to-moderate renal injury. Acidification of acetonitrile with HCl in the deproteinization step produced variable results, including an extra peak that interfered with integration of the creatinine peak or loss of the creatinine peak. Deproteinizing with acetonitrile alone resulted in a more reliable measurement of serum creatinine, which was validated by a series of known additions of creatinine standard. The HPLC assay was reproducible with coefficients of variation from 1.6 to 5.1%. The picric acid assay overestimated serum creatinine, when directly compared with the HPLC assay. The extent of overestimation, up to sixfold, was greatest at normal (0.1 to 0.2 mg/dl) to moderately elevated (0.5 mg/dl) serum creatinine levels. Mouse serum contains substances that interfere with standard picric acid assays for creatinine. Our new HPLC assay can accurately detect creatinine from 5 microl of mouse serum. These results support the widespread adoption of HPLC to accurately measure serum creatinine in mouse models of renal injury.
Low-Cost Fabrication of Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices by One-Step Plotting (2012)

In this technical note, we describe a facile method for one-step fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices, by simply using commercially available permanent markers and metal templates with specific patterns. The fabrication process involves only a single step of plotting pattern in paper; it can be typically finished within 1 min. The ink marks formed in the patterned paper will act as the hydrophobic barriers to define the hydrophilic flow paths or separate test zones. Various paper devices can be created by using different templates with corresponding patterns. Transparent adhesive tape-sandwiched devices could protect their assay surfaces from potential contamination. In the proof-of-concept experiments, circular paper test zones (~3 mm diameter) were fabricated for colorimetric and quantification detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a model target, based on dot-immunogold staining assays coupled with gold enhancement amplification. Several serum specimens were additionally evaluated with this new approach and the results were compared with the commercial chemiluminescence immunoassay, validating its feasibility of practical applications. Such a one-step plotting method for paper patterning does not require any specialized equipments and skills, is quite inexpensive and rapid, and thus holds great potential to find wide applications especially in remote regions and resource-limited environments such as small laboratories and private clinics.
The OPTN waiting list, 1988-1999. (2000)

1. On October 31, 2000, there were 77,999 registrations on the combined UNOS waiting list. Of these, 63% were awaiting kidney transplantation, and 21.5% were awaiting liver transplantation. 2. The majority of patients on the UNOS waiting list on October 31, 1999 were of blood type O (52%), White (56%) and male (58%), and awaiting their first transplant (87%). 3. Median waiting times have increased steadily for nearly every organ since 1988, especially for liver, kidney, and lung registrants. 4. In general, the percent transplanted within one year of listing is highly influenced by blood type and medical urgency. Patients awaiting heart, pancreas, and intestinal transplants experience the highest probability of receiving a transplant within one year. 5. Since 1988, death rates per patients waiting at risk have declined for most patients awaiting life-saving organs and have remained relatively stable for those awaiting a kidney transplant. Deaths are highest among intestinal patients, but appear to be declining.
Dementia with lewy bodies - diagnosis and treatment (2003)

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) accounts for 15-20% of all autopsy confirmed dementias in old age. Characteristic histopathological changes are intracellular Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, with abundant senile plaques but sparse neurofibrillary tangles. Core clinical features are fluctuating cognitive impairment, persistent visual hallucinations and extrapyramidal motor symptoms (parkinsonism). One of these core features has to be present for a diagnosis of possible DLB, and two for probable DLB. Supportive features are repeated falls, syncope, transient loss of consciousness, neuroleptic sensitivity, delusions and hallucinations in other modalities. DLB is clinically under-diagnosed and frequently misclassified as systemic delirium or dementia due to Alzheimer's disease or cerebrovascular disease. Therapeutic approaches to DLB can pose difficult dilemmas in pharmacological management. Neuroleptic medication is relatively contraindicated because some patients show severe neuroleptic sensitivity, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Antiparkinsonian medication has the potential to exacerbate psychotic symptoms and may be relatively ineffective at relieving extrapyramidal motor symptoms. Recently there is converging evidence that treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors can offer a safe alternative for the symptomatic treatment of cognitive and neuropsychiatric features in DLB. This review will focus on the clinical characteristics of DLB, its differential diagnosis and on possible management strategies.
A detailed analysis of the hydriding characteristics of LaNi5 (1975)

Precise determinations of pressure-temperature-composition relationships in absorption and desorption where obtained for the LaNi5-H system. Hysteresis effects are discussed and desorption kinetics data are presented. Several parameters are found to differ significantly from previously reported values. (Author)
HIV-1 Nef binds a subpopulation of MHC-I throughout its trafficking itinerary and down-regulates MHC-I by perturbing both anterograde and retrograde trafficking. (2010)

VOLUME 285 (2010) PAGES 30884–30905 Dr. Chowdhury's name was misspelled. The correct spelling is shown above.
On-line learning of linear functions (1991)

We present an algorithm for the on-line learning of linear functions which is optimal to within a constant factor with respect to bounds on the sum of squared errors for a worst case sequence of trials. The bounds are logarithmic in the number of variables, Furthermore, the algorithm is shown to be optimally robust with respect to noise in the data (again to within a constant factor).
Conservative evolution and industrial metabolism in Green Chemistry (2018)

Chemical substances and processes that play a fundamental role in the 12 principles of Green Chemistry representing conservative evolution and/or industrial metabolism were reviewed.
Predicting the out-of-vocabulary rate and the required vocabulary size for speech processing applications (2002)

The paper describes an approach for predicting both the vocabulary size and the resulting out-of-vocabulary rate (OOV rate) for a hypothetical extension of an existing text corpus. By splitting the original corpus into two different sub corpora, vocabulary and OOV rate can be determined for that special constellation. Average values are calculated for all combinations of sub corpora and can be approximated by analytic function terms. These functions enable the easy prediction of vocabulary size and OOV rate. The prediction accuracy results in a relative error below 4.6%.
Combustible Ground Cover and Combustibility of Forest in Eastern Liaoning (2004)

The main forest types,kinds and cover degrees of combustible ground cover,fuel loading, and fuel combustibility in mountain area of eastern liaoning Province were studied. The result showed that there were 8 kinds of main forest types in the eastern region of liaoning. Under broad-leaved forest type, there were more combustible ground cover of shrubs and herb layers. The cover degree of coniferous litter layer was more than broad - leaved.The change of fuel loading was from 8.83t·hm~(-2) to 26.29 t·hm~(-2). The coniferous trees had stronger litter combustibility. The combustible order was Pinvs tabulaeformis, P. koraiensis, P. densiflora, Cas-tanea mollissima^ weed tree stands, Larix olgensis, Ouercus mongalica, Ouercus mongolica(low forest).
Increased Expression of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF5 Is Associated with Decreased Survival in Breast Cancer (2007)

The selective ubiquitination of proteins by ubiquitin E3 ligases plays an important regulatory role in control of cell differentiation, growth, and transformation and their dysregulation is often associated with pathologic outcomes, including tumorigenesis. RNF5 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been implicated in motility and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Here, we show that RNF5 expression is up-regulated in breast cancer tumors and related cell lines. Elevated expression of RNF5 was seen in breast cancer cell lines that became more sensitive to cytochalasin D- and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis following its knockdown with specific short interfering RNA. Inhibition of RNF5 expression markedly decreased cell proliferation and caused a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to stress in MCF-7 but not in p53 mutant breast cancer cells, suggesting a p53-dependent function. Significantly, high levels of RNF5 were associated with decreased survival in human breast cancer specimens. Similarly, RNF5 levels were higher in metastatic melanoma specimens and in melanoma, leukemia, ovarian, and renal tumor-derived cell lines, suggesting that increased RNF5 expression may be a common event during tumor progression. These results indicate that RNF5 is a novel regulator of breast cancer progression through its effect on actin cytoskeletal alterations, which also affect sensitivity of breast cancer cells to cytoskeletal targeting antineoplastic agents.