gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
230 kV Optical Voltage Transducers Using Multiple Electric Field Sensors (2002)

230 kV optical voltage transducers were constructed and tested. These transducers use three electric field sensors whose positions and outputs are selected and combined, respectively, in accordance with the quadrature method to obtain a voltage measurement. They meet IEC 0.2% class specifications and maintain 0.2% class accuracies even in the presence of electric field disturbances caused by local changes in geometry extemal to the transducer. The local changes in geometry used in the testing mimic those that may occur in a substation, e.g., installation or movement of equipment.
Two-photon fluorescence microscopy of collateral blood flow following photothrombotic stroke in rat neocortex (2003)

Optical excitation of the dye rose bengal by tightly-focused 532-nm laser light induces clot formation in individual blood vessels in rat cortex. Changes in blood flow during and after clot formation are observed using two-photon microscopy. We find that flow reverses direction downstream from clotted arterioles, thereby maintaining tissue perfusion.
Zika virus: An emerging flavivirus (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a previously little-known flavivirus closely related to Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, dengue, and yellow fever viruses, all of which are primarily transmitted by blood-sucking mosquitoes. Since its discovery in Uganda in 1947, ZIKV has continued to expand its geographic range, from equatorial Africa and Asia to the Pacific Islands, then further afield to South and Central America and the Caribbean. Currently, ZIKV is actively circulating not only in much of Latin America and its neighbors but also in parts of the Pacific Islands and Southeast Asia. Although ZIKV infection generally causes only mild symptoms in some infected individuals, it is associated with a range of neuroimmunological disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis, and myelitis. Recently, maternal ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been linked to neonatal malformations, resulting in various degrees of congenital abnormalities, microcephaly, and even abortion. Despite its emergence as an important public health problem, however, little is known about ZIKV biology, and neither vaccine nor drug is available to control ZIKV infection. This article provides a brief introduction to ZIKV with a major emphasis on its molecular virology, in order to help facilitate the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
A Durable Metalloporphyrin 2D‐Polymer for Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution from River and Sea Waters (2021)

Abstract It is highly imaginary that the outcome of a combination of two complementary resources leads to answer an alarming global issue. One such possible example is the solar seawater splitting for ‘clean fuel’ H 2 generation. Since the catalytic activity and stability of the photocatalysts are substantially challenged in seawater, the design of an efficient and stable photocatalyst is highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate the solar seawater splitting by a two‐dimensional polymer catalyst derived from metalloporphyrin bearing multi‐hydroxyl groups. A bimetallic (Co and Ni) porphyrin 2D‐polymer exhibits excellent long‐term durability of 15 cycles of H 2 and O 2 generation in 200 days from pure water without a considerable decrease in efficiency. Detailed studies using river and seawaters also show the reliable performance of the catalyst over repeated cycles. Here the deactivation modes of catalytic activity have been nullified by the layered metalloporphyrin polymer structure through stable π−π stacking, signifying the molecular design of 2D‐polymer photocatalyst.
Suppression of blastogenesis and proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)<i>versus</i>novel anti-human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E monoclonal antibodies mimicking HLA-I reactivity of IVIg (2014)

Activated CD4(+) T cells undergo blastogenesis and proliferation and they express several surface receptors, including β2-microglobulin-free human leucocyte antigen (HLA) heavy chains (open conformers). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) suppresses activated T cells, but the mechanism is unclear. IVIg reacts with HLA-Ia/Ib antigens but its reactivity is lost when the anti-HLA-E Ab is adsorbed out. Anti-HLA-E antibodies may bind to the peptides shared by HLA-E and the HLA-I alleles. These shared peptides are cryptic in intact HLA, but exposed in open conformers. The hypothesis that anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that mimic HLA-I reactivity of IVIg may suppress activated T cells by binding to the shared peptides of the open conformers on the T cell surface was tested by examining the relative binding affinity of those mAbs for open conformers coated on regular beads and for intact HLA coated on iBeads, and by comparing the effects on the suppression of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T cells of three entities: IVIg, anti-HLA-E mAbs that mimic IVIg [Terasaki Foundation Laboratory (TFL)-006 and (TFL)-007]; and anti-HLA-E antibodies that do not mimic IVIg (TFL-033 and TFL-037). Suppression of blastogenesis and proliferation of those T cells by both IVIg and the anti-HLA-E mAbs was dose-dependent, the dose required with mAbs 50-150-fold lower than with IVIg. TFL-006 and TFL-007 significantly suppressed blastogenesis and proliferation of activated CD4(+) T cells, but neither the non-IVIg-mimicking mAbs nor control antibodies did so. The suppression may be mediated by Fab-binding of TFL-006/TFL-007 to the exposed shared peptides. The mAb binding to the open conformer may signal T cell deactivation because the open conformers have an elongated cytoplasmic tail with phosphorylation sites (tryosine(320)/serine(335)).
A transmitting and reflecting diffuser for ultraviolet light (1972)

Fabrication of ultraviolet radiation diffusing layer in configuration that uses ultraviolet properties of fused silica condensate is discussed. Construction and operation of the device are described. Diagram of reflecting diffuser to show construction and method of operation is included.
Girth Welds For Strain-Based Design Pipelines (2008)

From the standpoint of structural integrity, girth welds are the weakest link in strain-based design pipelines. Girth welds (weld metal and heat affected zone) contain inherent defects, are a common location for geometric eccentricities like high-low misalignment, and potentially contain less resilient microstructures compared to linepipe steel. For these reasons, work was undertaken to study the effects of welding process on X80 girth welds. In the first part of this study, welds were produced using a number of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) electrodes. Both low hydrogen, vertical down (LHVD) and traditional low hydrogen uphill electrodes were tested. It was found that most of these electrodes did not meet the target properties. Additionally, diffusible hydrogen measurements indicate that the LHVD electrodes tested can generate relatively high levels of hydrogen. It is concluded that typical SMAW electrodes should be enhanced for high-strain X80 applications, although some electrodes might be suitable for less demanding strain-based scenarios. In a second part of the study, gas tungsten arc welds (GTAW) were produced as a laboratory exercise to investigate the influence of this clean process on weld metal toughness (tearing resistance) and strain performance. Single edge notch bend specimens and curved wide plate tests were conducted using unloading compliance to quantify tearing resistance. These welds demonstrated dramatic improvements in structural performance. Despite the practical limitations of the GTAW process for field pipeline welding, these results provide significant insight for future welding developments.
G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-142 Does Not Contribute to Relaxin-3 Binding in the Mouse Brain: Further Support that Relaxin-3 Is the Physiological Ligand for GPCR135 (2005)

Relaxin-3 is a recently discovered member of the insulin/relaxin superfamily that has been shown to be the endogenous ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)135 (SALPR). In addition, relaxin-3 has demonstrated affinity and functional agonism for GPCR142 (GPR100) and LGR7 receptors in vitro. Recent evidence suggests GPCR142 is the insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) receptor and LGR7 is the actual relaxin receptor. We have recently described a chimeric R3/I5 peptide that selectively activates GPCR135 and GPCR142, but lacks affinity for LGR7. GPCR142 is a pseudogene in the rat, which allowed the use of [(125)I]-R3/I5 to show GPCR135-like binding sites in the rat central nervous system by autoradiography. However, mouse GPCR142 is a viable gene. In the present study we explore whether GPCR142 is expressed in the mouse brain and whether it is likely to contribute to or interfere with the pharmacological evaluation of relaxin-3 ligands. Competition binding studies confirmed mINSL5 and [(125)I]-mINSL5 bind to mGPCR142 with high affinity. However, no detectable specific [(125)I]-mINSL5 binding sites were detected throughout the mouse brain and unlabelled INSL5 did not displace [(125)I]-R3/I5 binding sites, indicating an absence of detectable GPCR142 binding sites. Consistent with these findings, neither GPCR142 nor INSL5 mRNA were detectable in mouse brain by in situ hybridization. Overall, the distribution of GPCR135 mRNA overlapped with the distribution of GPCR135 binding sites shown by autoradiography using [(125)I]-R3/I5. GPCR135 mRNA and GPCR135 receptor binding sites are most prominent in the mouse amygdala and hypothalamus. These data suggest that relaxin-3/GPCR135 is the receptor ligand pair with physiological relevance in mouse brain.
Enhancement of the output power of a terahertz parametric oscillator with recycled pump beam (2009)

We report a technique for the terahertz parametric oscillator, in which we recycle the pump beam in order to increase the efficiency and enhance the terahertz beam output. In our experiments, the pump laser beam is injected into a doped LiNbO3 crystal with 5% MgO, and the exiting pump beam is redirected back through the nonlinear crystal. Our data show that the terahertz beam output power increases almost four times in magnitude, when the pump beam is recycled once in crossed-beam geometry.
Bellcore's CallManager system (2002)

Bellcore's CallManager system is an experimental prototype of a call screening and "follow-me anywhere" service platform that makes use of a personal appointment calendar and a personal phonebook (accessed through the customer's wireline or wireless PDA) to determine the customer's current location and the importance of each caller to the customer. This is an example of a future class of network-provided services that utilize advanced speech processing and customer specific data to greatly enhance the value of the telephone network to the customer. Such services allow important calls to reach the customer while screening out unwanted or unimportant calls. These services can potentially also proactively provide information to a customer "as it happens" wherever the customer may happen to be.
Chlorine‐Activated Diamond Chemical Vapor Deposition (1994)

A novel method of producing atomic hydrogen and the active carbon species necessary for diamond chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been demonstrated. This method starts with the generation of atomic chlorine from the thermal dissociation of molecular chlorine in a resistively heated graphite furnace at temperatures from 1300–1500°C. Atomic hydrogen and the carbon precursors are subsequently produced through rapid hydrogen abstraction reactions of atomic chlorine with molecular hydrogen and hydrocarbons at the point where they mix. It was found that the quality of the diamond deposits depends on both substrate temperatures and mole ratios. Substrate temperatures are found to be ∼150° lower than for a hydrogen/hydrocarbon hot filament system for similar growth rates.
Motion Artifact Suppression in Impedance Pneumography Signal for Portable Monitoring of Respiration: An Adaptive Approach (2016)

The focus of this paper is motion artifact (MA) reduction from the impedance pneumography (IP) signal, which is widely used to monitor respiration. The amplitude of the MA that contaminates the IP signal is often much larger than the amplitude of the respiratory component of the signal. Moreover, the morphology and frequency composition of the artifacts may be very similar to that of the respiration, making it difficult to remove these artifacts. The proposed filter uses a regularization term to ensure that the pattern of the filtered signal is similar to that of respiration. It also ensures that the amplitude of the filter output is within the expected range of the IP signal by imposing an ε-tube on the filtered signal. The adaptive ε-tube filter is 100 times faster than the previously proposed nonadaptive version and achieves higher accuracies. Moreover, the experimental results, using several different performance measures, suggest that the proposed method outperforms popular MA reduction methods such as normalized least mean squares (NLMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) as well as independent component analysis (ICA). When used to extract the respiratory rate, the adaptive ε-tube achieves a mean error of 1.27 breaths per minute (BPM) compared to 4.72 and 4.63 BPM for the NLMS and RLS filters, respectively. When compared to the ICA algorithm, the proposed filter has an error of 1.06 BPM compared to 3.47 BPM for ICA. The statistical analyses indicate that all of the reported performance improvements are significant.
Wide blue phase range of chiral nematic liquid crystal doped with bent-shaped molecules (2010)

A wide blue phase range of 29 °C is induced by a bent-shaped molecule that is doped in chiral nematic liquid crystals. The physical mechanisms of this effect are investigated through experimental comparisons and molecular simulations. The results obtained indicate that the wide temperature range is closely related to the lower interfacial tension between liquid crystals and defects, and the shrinkage of the radius of the defect core after the bent-shaped molecules are doped in the systems. Apart from this, extending the rigid body of the bent-shaped molecules leads to an increase in the biaxiality and dipole moment, which are the two additional important factors for obtaining a stable blue phase. This study provides new insights into broadening the liquid crystal blue phase.
Alginate Films as Macromolecular Imprinted Matrices (2011)

Macromolecularly imprinted polymers have been developed to mimic the non-covalent interactions driving molecular recognition in nature. The creation of an engineered antibody mimic would allow for the development of customizable films for biomolecular sensing. To demonstrate this principle, a cross-linked alginate film has been imprinted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using aqueous biocompatible gelation methods. The imprinting efficiency of the synthesized films imprinted with BSA was determined and compared to the non-specific uptake of complementary proteins which were not imprinted in the alginate matrix. It was found that the recognition of the BSA using an alginate film was 6.4 mg/g polymer, which compares favorably to previously reported macromolecularly imprinted networks. The absorption of non-imprinted cationic proteins by the alginate matrix demonstrates that overcoming non-specific binding needs to be a focus of future work in order to successfully employ these materials towards biomolecular sensing within a physiological environment.
Protein Interactions in Genome Maintenance as Novel Antibacterial Targets (2013)

Antibacterial compounds typically act by directly inhibiting essential bacterial enzyme activities. Although this general mechanism of action has fueled traditional antibiotic discovery efforts for decades, new antibiotic development has not kept pace with the emergence of drug resistant bacterial strains. These limitations have severely restricted the therapeutic tools available for treating bacterial infections. Here we test an alternative antibacterial lead-compound identification strategy in which essential protein-protein interactions are targeted rather than enzymatic activities. Bacterial single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) form conserved protein interaction "hubs" that are essential for recruiting many DNA replication, recombination, and repair proteins to SSB/DNA nucleoprotein substrates. Three small molecules that block SSB/protein interactions are shown to have antibacterial activity against diverse bacterial species. Consistent with a model in which the compounds target multiple SSB/protein interactions, treatment of Bacillus subtilis cultures with the compounds leads to rapid inhibition of DNA replication and recombination, and ultimately to cell death. The compounds also have unanticipated effects on protein synthesis that could be due to a previously unknown role for SSB/protein interactions in translation or to off-target effects. Our results highlight the potential of targeting protein-protein interactions, particularly those that mediate genome maintenance, as a powerful approach for identifying new antibacterial compounds.
A Deployable and Reconfigurable Origami Antenna for Extended Mobile Range (2019)

In this work, a rigidly foldable origami configuration is used to achieve easy stowage of an otherwise bulky Yagi-Uda dipole antenna. This antenna operates in the extended range mobile frequency band of 698 MHz to 806 MHz, enabling those in remote regions to have access to reliable mobile communications. Within this frequency range, the gain reaches a minimum of 4 dB and a maximum of 8 dB with a relatively unaffected 3 dB beamwidth.
Bottom-up direct writing approach for controlled fabrication of WS<sub>2</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> heterostructure systems (2016)

We demonstrate a scalable production of quality WS<sub>2</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> vertical and lateral heterostructures with controlled geometries employing a bottom-up direct writing approach.
Binary inorganic salt mixtures as high conductivity liquid electrolytes for >100 °C fuel cells (2006)

We report the successful application of low-melting inorganic salts with protonated cations (e.g. ammonium) as electrolytes in fuel cells operating in the temperature range 100-200 degrees C, where even with unoptimized electrodes, cell performance is comparable to that of the phosphoric acid fuel cell operating with optimized electrodes in the same temperature range, while open circuit voltages, and efficiencies at low current densities, can be much better--and there is no need for humidification or pressure to sustain performance.
Development of sequence characterized DNA markers linked to a dominant verticillium wilt resistance gene in tomato (1998)

Sequences were determined for codominant RAPD markers closely linked to the Ve locus, a dominant verticillium wilt resistance gene in tomato. Analysis of the sequences linked to Ve and ve revealed a perfectly homologous sequence with a central polymorphic region comprising 79 nucleotide substitutions, insertions, and deletions. Codominant and allele-specific SCARs were developed using conserved and polymorphic sequences linked to the Ve locus. High resolution linkage analysis using F2 progeny segregating for resistance and marker-assisted selection indicated that linkage between the genetic markers and the Ve locus is less than 0.67 +/- 0.49 cM. Sequences were useful in determining the molecular structure of a polymorphic genomic region closely linked to the Ve locus and in developing genetic markers that facilitated marker-assisted selection of the resistant, susceptible, heterozygous, and homozygous genotypes.
Benzoxazolone Carboxamides: Potent and Systemically Active Inhibitors of Intracellular Acid Ceramidase (2014)

The ceramides are a family of bioactive lipid-derived messengers involved in the control of cellular senescence, inflammation, and apoptosis. Ceramide hydrolysis by acid ceramidase (AC) stops the biological activity of these substances and influences survival and function of normal and neoplastic cells. Because of its central role in the ceramide metabolism, AC may offer a novel molecular target in disorders with dysfunctional ceramide-mediated signaling. Here, a class of benzoxazolone carboxamides is identified as the first potent and systemically active inhibitors of AC. Prototype members of this class inhibit AC with low nanomolar potency by covalent binding to the catalytic cysteine. Their metabolic stability and high in vivo efficacy suggest that these compounds may be used as probes to investigate the roles of ceramide in health and disease, and that this scaffold may represent a promising starting point for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Gated reconstruction for PET scan with continuous bed motion (2014)

Data acquisition in positron emission tomography (PET) with continuous bed motion (CBM) is more natural and flexible for whole body patient scan than conventional step and shoot mode. In this paper, we proposed a reconstruction method for CBM data that is able to accurately compensate gating effects on image quantification and uniformity by including gating signals into calculation of normalization array. The proposed method was validated with patient data.
Production of the Marine Carotenoid Astaxanthin by Metabolically Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum (2016)

Astaxanthin, a red C40 carotenoid, is one of the most abundant marine carotenoids. It is currently used as a food and feed additive in a hundred-ton scale and is furthermore an attractive component for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications with antioxidant activities. Corynebacterium glutamicum, which naturally synthesizes the yellow C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin, is an industrially relevant microorganism used in the million-ton amino acid production. In this work, engineering of a genome-reduced C. glutamicum with optimized precursor supply for astaxanthin production is described. This involved expression of heterologous genes encoding for lycopene cyclase CrtY, β-carotene ketolase CrtW, and hydroxylase CrtZ. For balanced expression of crtW and crtZ their translation initiation rates were varied in a systematic approach using different ribosome binding sites, spacing, and translational start codons. Furthermore, β-carotene ketolases and hydroxylases from different marine bacteria were tested with regard to efficient astaxanthin production in C. glutamicum. In shaking flasks, the C. glutamicum strains developed here overproduced astaxanthin with volumetric productivities up to 0.4 mg·L(-1)·h(-1) which are competitive with current algae-based production. Since C. glutamicum can grow to high cell densities of up to 100 g cell dry weight (CDW)·L(-1), the recombinant strains developed here are a starting point for astaxanthin production by C. glutamicum.
APC mutations in colorectal tumors with mismatch repair deficiency. (1996)

We have investigated the influence of genetic instability [replication error (RER) phenotype] on APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), a gene thought to initiate colorectal tumorigenesis. The prevalence of APC mutations was similar in RER and non-RER tumors, indicating that both tumor types share this step in neoplastic transformation. However, in a total of 101 sequenced mutations, we noted a substantial excess of APC frameshift mutations in the RER cases (70% in RER tumors versus 47% in non-RER tumors, P < 0.04). These frameshifts were characteristic of mutations arising in cells deficient in DNA mismatch repair, with a predilection for mononucleotide repeats in the RER tumors (P < 0.0002), particularly (A)n tracts (P < 0.00007). These findings suggest that the genetic instability that is reflected by the RER phenotype precedes, and is responsible for, APC mutation in RER large bowel tumors and have important implications for understanding the very earliest stages of neoplasia in patients with tumors deficient in mismatch repair.