gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of the ErbB Family Members in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers Sensitive to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors (2006)

Inhibitors targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are effective in a subset of non-small cell lung cancers. Such cancers often harbor EGFR mutations and/or amplification. These cancers require EGFR activity for the maintenance of critical intracellular survival and growth signaling pathways. Evidence is now accruing that EGFR works in concert with other ErbB family members, particularly HER2 and ErbB3, to activate these signaling pathways in lung cancers. These findings have important implications regarding the biology of these cancers and may lead to improved methods for identifying tumors that are responsive to EGFR kinase inhibitors and alternative therapies to treat cancers driven by ErbB signaling.
SyncCoding: A compression technique exploiting references for data synchronization services (2017)

In this work, we raise a question on why the abundant information previously shared between a server and its client is not effectively utilized in the exchange of a new data which may be highly correlated with the shared data. We formulate this question as an encoding problem that is applicable to general data synchronization services including a wide range of Internet services such as cloud data synchronization, web browsing, messaging, and even data streaming. To this problem, we propose a new encoding technique, SyncCoding that maximally replaces subsets of the data to be transmitted with the coordinates pointing to the matching subsets included in the set of relevant shared data, called references. SyncCoding can be easily integrated into a transport layer protocol such as HTTP and enables significant reduction of network traffic. Our experimental evaluations of SyncCoding implemented in Linux shows that it outperforms existing popular encoding techniques, Brotli, LZMA, Deflate, and Deduplication in two practical use networking applications: cloud data sharing and web browsing. The gains of SyncCoding over Brotli, LZMA, Deflate, and Deduplication in the encoded size to be transmitted are shown to be about 12.4%, 20.1%, 29.9%, and 61.2% in the cloud data sharing and about 78.3%, 79.6%, 86.1%, and 92.9% in the web browsing, respectively. The gains of SyncCoding over Brotli, LZMA, and Deflate when Deduplication is applied in advance are about 7.4%, 10.6%, and 17.4% in the cloud data sharing and about 79.4%, 82.0%, and 83.2% in the web browsing, respectively.
Intelligent Fusion and Asset Management Processor (2002)

Owing to continual advances in sensor capabilities, avionics, and inter-service C/sup 4/I, the volume of battlefield intelligence data to which the modern-day military intelligence analyst has access is increasing at an exponential rate. This has created the need for more intelligent systems capable of scanning and extracting the tactically most useful information for presentation to the human analyst. The presence of a more extensive and flexible sensor asset infrastructure also mandates more intelligent and accountable asset deployment and management. Accordingly, we describe an effort to develop for the Air Force Research Laboratory's Information Directorate an Intelligent Fusion and Asset Management Processor (IFAMP) for enhancing tactical situation awareness and for providing needs-based sensor asset planning and scheduling information to assist the C/sup 2/ staff. The IFAMP architecture incorporates three distinct modules: a fuzzy logic-based level one fusion module responsible for low-level event detection, unit/echelon type discrimination, observation-to-track gating and assignment, and track database management; a belief network-based level two situation assessment module responsible for generating probabilistic hypotheses for high-level situational state descriptors; and a fuzzy logic-based level four collection management expert system responsible for mapping informational requirements and current state information into asset resource requests.
Technical Note—A Generalized Maximum Entropy Principle (1979)

We describe a generalized maximum entropy principle for dealing with decision problems involving uncertainty but with some prior knowledge about the probability space corresponding to nature. This knowledge is expressed through known bounds on event probabilities and moments, which can be incorporated into a nonlinear programming problem. The solution provides a maximum entropy distribution that is then used in treating the decision problem as one involving risk. We describe an example application that involves the selection of oil spill recovery systems for inland harbor regions.
Position And Vision Information of Relative Vehicle’s Using Procrustes Analysis Method for Position Correction (2016)

This paper proposes a vehicle-positioning improvement algorithm that utilizes positioning data collected from budget GPS devices and vehicle data obtained from ODB devices and relays the information via WAVE communications between cars. Data from both sender and recipient vehicles are matched with Procrustes analysis based on the location in-formation of the other car. The corrected location data is used in order to calculate the distance be-tween the two cars. By using commercial lane-detection technology, the distance between the cars and each lane can also be calculated with the calibrated location data. The difference between the cars' video-estimated distance and GPS data can be used to improve vehicle-location correction algorithms.
Vision-Based Analysis of Small Groups in Pedestrian Crowds (2011)

Building upon state-of-the-art algorithms for pedestrian detection and multi-object tracking, and inspired by sociological models of human collective behavior, we automatically detect small groups of individuals who are traveling together. These groups are discovered by bottom-up hierarchical clustering using a generalized, symmetric Hausdorff distance defined with respect to pairwise proximity and velocity. We validate our results quantitatively and qualitatively on videos of real-world pedestrian scenes. Where human-coded ground truth is available, we find substantial statistical agreement between our results and the human-perceived small group structure of the crowd. Results from our automated crowd analysis also reveal interesting patterns governing the shape of pedestrian groups. These discoveries complement current research in crowd dynamics, and may provide insights to improve evacuation planning and real-time situation awareness during public disturbances.
A Persulfide Donor Responsive to Reactive Oxygen Species: Insights into Reactivity and Therapeutic Potential (2018)

Persulfides (RSSH) have been hypothesized as critical components in sulfur-mediated redox cycles and as potential signaling compounds, similar to hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub> S). Hindering the study of persulfides is a lack of persulfide-donor compounds with selective triggers that release discrete persulfide species. Reported here is the synthesis and characterization of a ROS-responsive (ROS=reactive oxygen species), self-immolative persulfide donor. The donor, termed BDP-NAC, showed selectivity towards H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> over other potential oxidative or nucleophilic triggers, resulting in the sustained release of the persulfide of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) over the course of 2 h, as measured by LCMS. Exposure of H9C2 cardiomyocytes to H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> revealed that BDP-NAC mitigated the effects of a highly oxidative environment in a dose-dependent manner over relevant controls and to a greater degree than common H<sub>2</sub> S donors sodium sulfide (Na<sub>2</sub> S) and GYY4137. BDP-NAC also rescued cells more effectively than a non-persulfide-releasing control compound in concert with common H<sub>2</sub> S donors and thiols.
In vitro DNA synthesis opposite oxazolone and repair of this DNA damage using modified oligonucleotides (2000)

Emphasis was placed in this work on the assessment of biological features of 2,2,4-triaminooxazolone, a major one-electron and(. )OH-mediated oxidation product of guanine. For this purpose, two oligonucleotides that contain a unique oxazolone residue were synthesized. Herein we report the mutagenic potential of oxazolone during in vitro DNA synthesis and its behavior towards DNA repair enzymes. Nucleotide insertion opposite oxazolone, catalyzed by Klenow fragment exo(-)and Taq polymerase indicates that the oxazolone lesion induces mainly dAMP insertion. This suggests that the formation of oxazolone in DNA may lead to G-->T transversions. On the other hand, oxazolone represents a blocking lesion when DNA synthesis is performed with DNA polymerase beta. Interestingly, DNA repair experiments carried out with formamidopyrimidine DNA N -glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III (endo III) show that oxazolone is a substrate for both enzymes. Values of k (cat)/ K (m)for the Fpg-mediated removal of oxidative guanine lesions revealed that 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine is only a slightly better substrate than oxazolone. In the case of endo III-mediated cleavage of modified bases, the present results suggest that oxazolone is a better substrate than 5-OHC, an oxidized pyrimidine base. Finally, MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of the DNA fragments released upon digestion of an oxazolone-containing oligonucleotide by Fpg gave insights into the enzymatic mechanism of oligonucleotide cleavage.
Cytomegalovirus Disease of Late Onset Following Renal Transplantation: A Potentially Fatal Entity (1994)

CMV disease (CMVD) is a recognized problem of the early post-transplant period (PTP) in renal transplant recipients. Information on CMVD in the late (> or = 2 years) PTP is scarce. We have observed 5 cases of CMVD during late (3-8 years) PTP during the last 15 years. Three of these patients died from CMVD. One of the patients with late-onset CMVD recovered spontaneously from mild pneumonitis, 1 patient with severe CMVD after therapy with ganciclovir/anti-CMV-IgG. CMVD was ascribed to primary infection in 4/5 patients, and transmission was attributed to blood products in 2 cases. At the time of CMVD, 4/5 patients were on stable immunosuppression with azathioprine/prednisone; 1 patient who died had received prednisone pulses 1 month prior to CMVD. Late onset CMVD is an underreported disease in renal transplant recipients, which warrants preventive measures and consideration of antiviral therapy.
Highway Traffic Growth and Passenger Transport (1998)

Traffic demand on our highways is based on the perceived desire to travel by individuals and commercial vehicle operators, and is normally referred to as mobility. It is well known that a city's form has a bearing on the mode of travel, in particular the density of development and location of commercial and industrial areas in relation to residential. However making a city more dense does not on its own lead to a change in travel patterns, but other factors such as security of travel, per capita income, safety, pricing, and imposed restrictions will play a much more significant role. By restricting the expansion of the urban area, land prices go up much faster than inflation and force more people to live in multi-level apartments, which not only increases the number of people per sq km but also the vehicles owned within that area. What this paper examines is the balance between planning, rule setting and pricing, and making full use of new technology to achieve secure mobility without introducing either unbearable congestion or environmentally destroying the city's form, yet achieving overall transport efficiency. At the end of the day, adequate consultation with users and ratepayers coupled with pricing for services received is more likely to deliver an acceptable solution than that delivered by centralist planners who think they know what is right for society.
Evaluation of SOFC Interconnects Made of Ferritic Steels with Nano-Structured Oxi-Ceramic Protective Coatings Deposited by the LAFAD Process (2011)

When Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are operated in the temperature range from 750 to 800°C, it becomes possible to use inexpensive ferritic steels as interconnects (ICs). Due to the demanding SOFC-IC operating environment, protective coatings are gaining attention as a way to increase long-term stability. In this study, the large area filtered arc deposition (LAFAD) process was used to deposit nano-structured coatings from the (Co,Mn)TiCrAlY(O,N) system. Both nano-laminated as well as nano-composite coating architectures were studied and compared. Coatings were deposited on ferritic steel with the aid of an ultra-thin, adhesion-promoting bond-coat, and were subsequently annealed in air for various time intervals. Surface oxidation was investigated using RBS, SEM, and EDS analyses. Cr-volatilization was evaluated using a modified transpiration apparatus and Area Specific Resistance (ASR) was studied as a function of time using a four-point technique. Significant improvement in oxidation resistance, Cr volatility, and ASR were observed in the coated samples. In addition, a set of sample IC plates were subjected to LAFAD coatings and tested in a SOFC stack. Transport mechanisms for various oxidizing species and coating diffusion barrier properties are discussed, as are the trades-offs between ionic diffusion and electronic conductivity.
[The role of activation of nuclear factor-kappa B of rat brain in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. (2003)

To investigate the role of activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the activity and protein expression of NF-kappaB p65 in rat brain tissues, which were extracted from EAE rats at 1, 7, 14 and 21 d respectively after EAE was induced by CFA-GPSCH, were measured with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between activated NF-kappaB and symptoms of EAE was also investigated. The results showed that protein expression level and the activity of NF-kappaB were very low in the brain of the control group. After EAE was induced, the activity of NF-kappaB and the level of the protein expression in the brains increased gradually with the development of symptoms and brain pathology of EAE. On d 14, both the activity and the level of protein expression in the brains reached a peak, the positive cells of NF-kappaB were mainly located at the choroid plexuses and subfornical organ, as well as around the regions of sleeve-like lesion foci, which were coincident with the locations of lesions of EAE. The incidence, symptoms, reduction of the body weight and pathology of EAE rats brains at the above locations were most significant. On d 21 the activity of NF-kappaB and level of the protein expression reduced gradually, which was in parallel with a gradual alleviation of the symptoms of EAE rats. After a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB, PDTC was applied, the symptoms and pathological lesions of EAE rat brain were mitigated markedly. The above results indicate that the dynamic changes in the activity and protein expression of NF-kappaB were in parallel with the changes in symptoms and pathological lesion of EAE rat brains. In conclusion, the activated NF-kappaB in the brain may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of EAE, and application of some inhibitors of NF-kappaB, such as PDTC, may be one of the effective therapeutic methods for prevention and treatment of EAE.
Oxidative stress responses in physical education students during 8 weeks aerobic training. (2007)

It can be concluded that this pattern of moderate aerobic exercise training did not have any effect on oxidative stress levels in moderately trained physical education students, whereas it enhanced their functional performance and aerobic power of these physical education students.
TAMPON EFFECTS ON VAGINAL HEALTH (1981)

Despite the occurrence of vaginal ulcers, mucosal alterations, and toxic shock syndrome, large numbers of women continue to find vaginal tampons an acceptable and convenient method of menstrual protection. Government agencies and consumer groups are aware of the potential problems associated with tampon use and are actively concerned with surveillance and public education. Tampon manufactures have joined in this effort and continue to seek methods of improving their product and decreasing the risks associated with the use and abuse of vaginal tampons.
The Pattern Draft Factors Affecting the Silhouette of Gored Skirts in Virtual Clothing Simulation (2013)

The purpose of this study is to compare how the number of panels, the amount of flare and the flare starting point affect the silhouette of the gored skirt. This study consisted of (1) creation of 3D body representations (2) comparison of silhouette between 3D virtual gored skirt and actual gored skirt by pilot experiment (3) pattern drafting of twenty-seven different gored skirts for 3D body representations (4) a computer simulation of twenty-seven different gored skirts for visualization and assessment (5) visual inspection of twenty-seven different 3D virtual gored skirts (6) comparison of ham shapes and measurements for the node and size analysis. A visual inspection of twenty-seven different 3D virtual gored skirts showed clear differences by the amount of flare and the flare starting point ; however, there was notably less difference in the width of ham among six-piece, eight-piece and ten-piece panels. This demonstrated that there was less influence on the number of panels than the amount of flare width of ham and extent of ham for the 3D virtual gored skirt.
Anodic Reaction Mechanism of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Water-methane Fuel (1997)

The model gas Qperabn expe雨ments of solid oxide fuel ceIl(SOFC)were car肖ed )ut using the fuel w置h vahouswaterto methane ratio，The pre-mlxed gases corresponding to the thema equilibrium composition were used as fuel to separate electrochemic副reactbns on an anode from the steam refonming reactions、A kinetic behavior of the Langmuir・Hinshelwood type was observed for the anodic reactions．The reaction mechanisms on the anode were quantitatively cla酉fied at dlfferent steam to methane ra［k)s by using the electron mass balance and measured anode exit gas composition．The relaionship between the steam to methane ratio and the overpotential could be explained by proposed reaction mechanisms．
An Iterative Decoder for Multicarrier Faster-Than-Nyquist Signaling Systems (2010)

An iterative decoder for time-frequency compressed multicarrier system is presented in this paper. The inner detector consists of a sub-optimal maximum a-posteriori symbol-by-symbol decoding algorithm with a successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme. The complexity of the inner detector is not more complex than the corresponding detector for a memoryless modulation scheme. The inner decoder together with a standard BCJR forms the iterative decoding loop. The SIC scheme is used to eliminate the intentional interference caused by symbols stacked beyond their orthogonality limit. As compared to prior work, the iterative decoder has been adapted to make the FTN technique feasible for hardware implementation. The results show that such modifications does not affect the performance of the receiver. The receiver has been evaluated under various other FTN system parameters to determine the performance.
Development and application of a vision-based displacement measurement system for structural health monitoring of civil structures (2007)

For structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructures, displacement is a good descriptor of the structural behavior under all the potential disturbances. However, it is not easy to measure displacement of civil infrastructures, since the conventional sensors need a reference point, and inaccessibility to the reference point is sometimes caused by the geographic conditions, such as a highway or river under a bridge, which makes installation of measuring devices time-consuming and costly, if not impossible. To resolve this issue, a visionbased real-time displacement measurement system using digital image processing techniques is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed system was verified by comparing the load carrying capacities of a steel-plate girder bridge obtained from the conventional sensor and the present system. Further, to simultaneously measure multiple points, a synchronized vision-based system is developed using master/slave system with wireless data communication. For the purpose of verification, the measured displacement by a synchronized vision-based system was compared with the data measured by conventional contact-type sensors, linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) from a laboratory test.
Application of Kohonen self-organising feature maps to smoothing parameters of hidden Markov models for speech recognition (1991)

The paper introduces a new method to smooth the parameters of hidden Markov models (HMMs) which produces improved recognition results when only a limited amount of training data is available. The method uses the Kohonen self-organising feature map (KSOFM) as a clustering technique in codebook design for discrete HMMs. Comparison of the new smoothing method with the smoothing method based on k-means clustering is made.
Mobility balance in the light-emitting layer governs the polaron accumulation and operational stability of organic light-emitting diodes (2017)

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are lighter and more flexible, have a wider color gamut, and consume less power than conventional displays. Stable materials and the structural design of the device are important for OLED longevity. Control of charge transport and accumulation in the device is particularly important because the interaction of excitons and polarons results in material degradation. This research investigated the charge dynamics of OLEDs experimentally and by drift-diffusion modeling. Parallel capacitance–voltage measurements of devices provided knowledge of charge behavior at different driving voltages. A comparison of exciplex-forming co-host and single host structures established that the mobility balance in the emitting layers determined the amount of accumulated polarons in those layers. Consequently, an exciplex-forming co-host provides a superior structure in terms of device lifetime and efficiency because of its well-balanced mobility. Minimizing polaron accumulation is key to achieving long OLED device lifetimes. This is a crucial aspect of device physics that must be considered in the device design structure.
Infliximab: (2003)

Chimeric TNF antibody, infliximab, should be evaluated for treatment of acute pancreatitis.
Broadband orbital angular momentum manipulation using liquid crystal thin films (2012)

We introduce two high efficiency thin-film optical elements, operating over a wide spectral range, to generate and control the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of various light sources: a broadband q-plate and a broadband Forked Polarization Grating (FPG). The broadband OAM manipulation is achieved by thin liquid crystal polymer layers that are aligned to provide the required spatially varying anisotropy. These elements operate using geometric phase principles to generate raised and lowered OAM modes whose efficiencies are sensitive to the polarization state of the incident light. We discuss the design principles involved and experimentally demonstrate broadband q-plates and FPGs that are highly efficient (> 90%) in the visible wavelength range. These thin film elements enable easy integration into various optical systems requiring broadband OAM manipulation such as optical trapping and high capacity information.