gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigating the effects of surface morphology changes during ultrasonic wall thickness monitoring (2016)

Ultrasonic wall thickness monitoring using permanently installed sensors has become a tool to monitor pipe wall thicknesses online and during plant operation. The repeatability of measurements with permanently installed transducers is excellent and can be in the nanometer range. It has, however, also been shown that the measured wall thickness is dependent on surface morphology and that when there are changes in surface morphology the monitored thickness trends can be affected. With an adaptive cross correlation approach, this effect can be successfully muted. However, under some surface morphology change conditions, this can also lead to inaccuracies. Here, an approach to detect when surface morphology changes can influence trend accuracies is presented. This method requires the combination of measurements from several sensors that independently sample an area where the same wall loss mechanism is assumed to occur. Simulation results for the effectiveness of the technique are presented.
Locally passive hybrid sensing tags based on flexible substrates and surface acoustic wave devices (2009)

This paper describes the integration of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, microfabricated transmission lines, and sensors onto polymer substrates to enable a passive wireless sensor platform. Incident microwave pulses on the integrated antenna are converted to an acoustic wave via the SAW filter and transmitted to a notional impedance-based sensor, which for this work is a photodiode. Changes in sensor state induce a corresponding change in impedance resulting in a reflectance profile. Data collected at a calibrated receiver can be used to infer the state of the sensor. Based on this principle, light flux intensity is wirelessly sensed at distances up to 3.6 m.
Narrow linewidth 1.5 μm semiconductor laser with a resonant optical reflector (1987)

A compact narrow linewidth semiconductor laser is described. An emission linewidth of 135 kHz at 5 mW of output power is obtained from a 1.5-μm semiconductor laser butt coupled to an external resonant optical reflector (ROR). The ROR, made with dielectric waveguides on silicon substrate, has transmission and reflection bandwidths as narrow as 0.35 Å.
Novel Potent Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Serine Protease Inhibitors Derived from Proline-Based Macrocycles (2006)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease is essential for viral replication. It has been a target of choice for intensive drug discovery research. On the basis of an active pentapeptide inhibitor, 1, we envisioned that macrocyclization from the P2 proline to P3 capping could enhance binding to the backbone Ala156 residue and the S4 pocket. Thus, a number of P2 proline-based macrocyclic alpha-ketoamide inhibitors were prepared and investigated in an HCV NS3 serine protease continuous assay (K(i*)). The biological activity varied substantially depending on factors such as the ring size, number of amino acid residues, number of methyl substituents, type of heteroatom in the linker, P3 residue, and configuration at the proline C-4 center. The pentapeptide inhibitors were very potent, with the C-terminal acids and amides being the most active ones (24, K(i*) = 8 nM). The tetrapeptides and tripeptides were less potent. Sixteen- and seventeen-membered macrocyclic compounds were equally potent, while fifteen-membered analogues were slightly less active. gem-Dimethyl substituents at the linker improved the potency of all inhibitors (the best compound was 45, K(i*) = 6 nM). The combination of tert-leucine at P3 and dimethyl substituents at the linker in compound 47 realized a selectivity of 307 against human neutrophil elastase. Compound 45 had an IC(50) of 130 nM in a cellular replicon assay, while IC(50) for 24 was 400 nM. Several compounds had excellent subcutaneous AUC and bioavailability in rats. Although tripeptide compound 40 was 97% orally bioavailable, larger pentapeptides generally had low oral bioavailability. The X-ray crystal structure of compounds 24 and 45 bound to the protease demonstrated the close interaction of the macrocycle with the Ala156 methyl group and S4 pocket. The strategy of macrocyclization has been proved to be successful in improving potency (>20-fold greater than that of 1) and in structural depeptization.
Low bit-rate efficient compression for seismic data (2001)

Compression is a relatively new introduced technique for seismic data operations. The main drive behind the use of data compression in seismic data is the very large size of seismic data acquired. Some of the most recent acquired marine seismic data sets exceed 10 Tbytes, and in fact there are currently seismic surveys planned with a volume of around 120 Tbytes. Thus, the need to compress these very large seismic data files is imperative. Nevertheless, seismic data are quite different from the typical images used in image processing and multimedia applications. Some of their major differences are the data dynamic range exceeding 100 dB in theory, very often it is data with extensive oscillatory nature, the x and y directions represent different physical meaning, and there is significant amount of coherent noise which is often present in seismic data. Up to now some of the algorithms used for seismic data compression were based on some form of wavelet or local cosine transform, while using a uniform or quasiuniform quantization scheme and they finally employ a Huffman coding scheme. Using this family of compression algorithms we achieve compression results which are acceptable to geophysicists, only at low to moderate compression ratios. For higher compression ratios or higher decibel quality, significant compression artifacts are introduced in the reconstructed images, even with high-dimensional transforms. The objective of this paper is to achieve higher compression ratio, than achieved with the wavelet/uniform quantization/Huffman coding family of compression schemes, with a comparable level of residual noise. The goal is to achieve above 40 dB in the decompressed seismic data sets. Several established compression algorithms are reviewed, and some new compression algorithms are introduced. All of these compression techniques are applied to a good representation of seismic data sets, and their results are documented in this paper. One of the conclusions is that adaptive multiscale local cosine transform with different windows sizes performs well on all the seismic data sets and outperforms the other methods from the SNR point of view. All the described methods cover wide range of different data sets. Each data set will have his own best performed method chosen from this collection. The results were performed on four different seismic data sets. Special emphasis was given to achieve faster processing speed which is another critical issue that is examined in the paper. Some of these algorithms are also suitable for multimedia type compression.
Novel Synthetic Pathways to Wide Bandgap Semiconductors in the Si—C—Al—N System. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generation and characterization of nucleic acid aptamers targeting the capsid P domain of a human norovirus GII.4 strain (2015)

Human noroviruses (NoV) are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Significant antigenic diversity of NoV strains has limited the availability of broadly reactive ligands for design of detection assays. The purpose of this work was to produce and characterize single stranded (ss)DNA aptamers with binding specificity to human NoV using an easily produced NoV target-the P domain protein. Aptamer selection was done using SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) directed against an Escherichia coli-expressed and purified epidemic NoV GII.4 strain P domain. Two of six unique aptamers (designated M1 and M6-2) were chosen for characterization. Inclusivity testing using an enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) against a panel of 14 virus-like particles (VLPs) showed these aptamers had broad reactivity and exhibited strong binding to GI.7, GII.2, two GII.4 strains, and GII.7 VLPs. Aptamer M6-2 exhibited at least low to moderate binding to all VLPs tested. Aptamers significantly (p<0.05) bound virus in partially purified GII.4 New Orleans outbreak stool specimens as demonstrated by ELASA and aptamer magnetic capture (AMC) followed by RT-qPCR. This is the first demonstration of human NoV P domain protein as a functional target for the selection of nucleic acid aptamers that specifically bind and broadly recognize diverse human NoV strains.
Genotype‐phenotype correlation in CAG‐repeat diseases (2002)

The expansion of a CAG repeat is a common causative gene mutation in several hereditary neurodegenerative disorders, including dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). Although, in DRPLA, it is revealed that the variety of clinical manifestations is related to the variable expansion of the CAG repeat, there are still many problems in the correlation between the symptoms and neuropathologic findings. Recent immunohistochemical studies have revealed that diffuse intranuclear accumulation of mutant proteins with expanded polyglutamine stretches is a significant pathology in DRPLA, and involves a wide range of the CNS regions far beyond the lesion distribution previously established by neuronal loss. This novel pathology may become a clue for elucidating molecular mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction and establishing clinicopathological correlations in CAG-repeat diseases.
A new tool for contamination analysis (1996)

The Contamination Analysis Unit (CAU) is a sensing system that facilitates a new approach to industrial cleaning. Through use of portable mass spectrometry and various desorption techniques, the CAU provides in-process, near-real-time measurement of surface cleanliness levels. It can be of help in significantly reducing hazardous waste generation and toxic air emissions from manufacturing operations.
Natural Fiber Welding (2010)

Abstract A process we term “natural fiber welding” is demonstrated by which loose fibers are transformed to create a congealed network using an IL solvent. Several examples are discussed that include cellulosic and protein‐based materials. SEM shows the fusion of fibers upon treatment. XRD and FT‐IR spectroscopy of cellulosic materials show that significant amounts of the native polymer structure are retained after the process is completed. Data suggest that material at the fiber exterior is preferentially transformed while material in the fiber core is left in the native state. Data also demonstrate that the amount of material modified can be tailored by control of variables such as the IL solvent concentration, the process temperature, and the processing time. magnified image
A novel scheme for telemetry system data rate optimization (2016)

Limited telemetry bandwidth due to restricted radio frequency spectrum allocation is typically one of the most challenging problems when designing a telemetry system for space applications. To further complicate the problem, a large percentage of the allotted bandwidth is consumed by the over-head required by each packet to follow various standards and layer of protocols used in the telemetry system. This results in inefficiency in the actual telemetry data downlinked to the ground station. In the typical telemetry design, only one virtual channel is used per packet. As a result, in order to achieve the required packet size, filled data is inserted into the remaining bits. This Idle Packet consists of a set pattern of binary digits, and is considered part of the overhead, as its sole purpose is to fill the packet. In this work, a new scheme is proposed which takes advantage of the empty bits by starting the next virtual channel instead of inserting filled bits. This method will reduce the overall amount of overheard, in addition to allowing more data to be transmitted.
GraphFlow: Exploiting Conversation Flow with Graph Neural Networks for Conversational Machine Comprehension (2019)

Conversational machine comprehension (MC) has proven significantly more challenging compared to traditional MC since it requires better utilization of conversation history. However, most existing approaches do not effectively capture conversation history and thus have trouble handling questions involving coreference or ellipsis. Moreover, when reasoning over passage text, most of them simply treat it as a word sequence without exploring rich semantic relationships among words. In this paper, we first propose a simple yet effective graph structure learning technique to dynamically construct a question and conversation history aware context graph at each conversation turn. Then we propose a novel Recurrent Graph Neural Network, and based on that, we introduce a flow mechanism to model the temporal dependencies in a sequence of context graphs. The proposed GraphFlow model can effectively capture conversational flow in a dialog, and shows competitive performance compared to existing state-of-the-art methods on CoQA, QuAC and DoQA benchmarks. In addition, visualization experiments show that our proposed model can offer good interpretability for the reasoning process.
Curing of epoxy resin with poly(<i>m</i>‐phenylene methylphosphonate) (2006)

Abstract The mechanism and kinetics of curing of epoxy resin with poly( m ‐phenylene methylphosphonate) (PMP) was studied by extraction and swelling experiments, DSC, 31 P NMR, and FTIR. It was shown that at linear heating of 20°C/min PMP cures bisphenol A type epoxy resin at 230–300°C, whereas in the presence of catalytic amount of 2‐methyl imidazole the curing occurs at 200–230°C. Under isothermal conditions, epoxy resin was cured with PMP after 40–70 min at 150°C. An unusual mechanism of curing due to opening and insertion of epoxy into the phosphonate bond was suggested. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4011–4022, 2006
Carbon Hybrid Materials—Design, Manufacturing, and Applications (2023)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have extraordinary properties and are used for applications in various fields of engineering and research. Due to their unique combination of properties, such as good electrical and thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, there is an increasing demand to produce CNTs with enhanced and customized properties. CNTs are produced using different synthesis methods and have extraordinary properties individually at the nanotube scale. However, it is challenging to achieve these properties when CNTs are used to form macroscopic sheets, tapes, and yarns. To further improve the properties of macroscale forms of CNTs, various types of nanoparticles and microfibers can be integrated into the CNT materials. The nanoparticles and microfibers can be chosen to selectively enhance the properties of CNT materials at the macroscopic level. In this paper, we propose a technique to manufacture carbon hybrid materials (CHMs) by combining CNT non-woven fabric (in the form of sheets or tapes) with microfibers to form CNT-CF hybrid materials with new/improved properties. CHMs are formed by integrating or adding nanoparticles, microparticles, or fibers into the CNT sheet. The additive materials can be incorporated into the synthesis process from the inlet or the outlet of the reactor system. This paper focuses on CHMs produced using the gas phase pyrolysis method with microparticles/fibers integrated at the outlet of the reactor and continuous microfiber tapes integrated into the CNT sheet at the outlet using a tape feeding machine. After synthesis, characterizations such as microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the morphology and composition of the CNTs, and examples for potential applications are discussed in this paper.
Quantum key distribution using integrated single sideband modulation system (2001)

We report single-photon interference in modulation sidebands produced by a pair of electro-optic integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers operating in single-sideband mode. The modulation and detection scheme employed makes possible the use of the BB84 four-state protocol for quantum cryptographic key distribution. Experiments were carried out at 1550 nm, over a 20-km-long standard single-mode fiber.
Ultra-low noise Brillouin strain sensing using combined Stokes and anti-Stokes interactions (2021)

Brillouin-based fiber strain sensors are susceptible to environmental and technical noise. We introduce an approach to suppress the dominant noise sources by combining the complex Stokes and anti-Stokes interactions, enabling strain noise of just 15.6nε/Hz 1/2 .
Remote Sensing of Parasitic Nematodes in Plants (2007)

A method and apparatus for remote sensing of parasitic nematodes in plants, now undergoing development, is based on measurement of visible and infrared spectral reflectances of fields where the plants are growing. Initial development efforts have been concentrated on detecting reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis) in cotton plants, because of the economic importance of cotton crops. The apparatus includes a hand-held spectroradiometer. The readings taken by the radiometer are processed to extract spectral reflectances at sixteen wavelengths between 451 and 949 nm that, taken together, have been found to be indicative of the presence of Rotylenchulus reniformis. The intensities of the spectral reflectances are used to estimate the population density of the nematodes in an area from which readings were taken.
Compiling mappings to bridge applications and databases (2007)

Translating data and data access operations between applications and databases is a longstanding data management problem. We present a novel approach to this problem, in which the relationship between the application data and the persistent storage is specified using a declarative mapping, which is compiled into bidirectional views that drive the data transformation engine. Expressing the application model as a view on the database is used to answer queries, while viewing the database in terms of the application model allows us to leverage view maintenance algorithms for update translation. This approach has been implemented in a commercial product. It enables developers to interact with a relational database via a conceptual schema and an object oriented programming surface. We outline the implemented system and focus on the challenges of mapping compilation, which include rewriting queries under constraints and supporting non-relational constructs.
Miniaturized folded metasurface hyperspectral imager (2019)

We demonstrate a miniaturized hyperspectral imager using the folded metasurface platform. Weighing 20mg in an 8.5-mm3 volume, the hyperspectral imager resolves ~70 spectral and ~400 angular points in 750–850nm range with a 30-degree field-of-view.
Inductor-less charge pump PFC electronic ballast (2002)

This paper presents the analysis and design of an inductor-less charge pump PFC electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps. A piezoelectric transformer is used as the entire resonant tank which greatly reduces the cost and complexity of the system. The operation principle of the ballast was analyzed, including the design considerations required to achieve unity power factor and zero voltage switching. Experimental results show that by using lamp current feedback control, the proposed circuit features low lamp current crest factor and constant lamp power.
Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 4-[2-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-1-(3-phenylpropyl)piperidine Analogs:  Synthesis and Biological Evaluation at the Dopamine and Serotonin Transporter Sites (1996)

Several analogs of the potent dopamine (DA) transporter ligand 4-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methoxy]ethyl]-1-(3-phenylpropyl)piperidine, 1b, were made and biologically evaluated for their binding at the DA and serotonin (5HT) transporters in rat striatal membranes. Different alkyl chain lengths and substitutions were introduced in these molecules to generate an optimum activity and selectivity for the DA transporter. In general, unsubstituted and fluoro-substituted compounds were the most active and selective for the DA transporter. The compound 4-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-1-benzylpiperidine, 9a, showed high potency and was the most selective for the DA transporter (5HT/DA = 49) in this series of compounds. Some of these novel analogs were found to be more selective in binding at the DA transporter than the original GBR 12909 molecule, 1-[2-]bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3- phenylpropyl)piperidine.
Poly(arylene sulfides) with pendant cyano groups as high‐temperature laminating resins. II (1974)

Abstract Poly(phenylene sulfides) containing various amounts of pendant cyano groups were synthesized from m ‐benzenedithiol and the corresponding amounts of p ‐dibromobenzene and 3,5‐dichlorobenzonitrile. The polymers prepared by the use of 10, 15, 20, and 25% of the nitrile‐containing dichloro compound were slightly off‐white with melting ranges below 100°C and had inherent viscosities of about 0.15 dl/g in hexamethylphosphoric triamide at 30°C. The polymers prepared from m ‐benzenedithiol and the stoichiometric amounts of 2,4‐dichlorobenzonitrile or 3,5‐dichlorobenzonitrile looked similar to those described above, yet they possessed much higher melting ranges. The poly(phenylene sulfide) prepared by the use of 2,4‐dichlorobenzonitrile had an inherent viscosity of 0.06 dl/g while the polymer prepared from the 3,5‐dichloro isomer had an inherent viscosity of 0.38 dl/g. All the polymers listed above were crosslinked by heating alone or in the presence of anthracene‐9,10‐bisnitrile oxide to give black resinous polymers that were insoluble in hexamethylphosphoric triamide in which the original polymers dissolved quite readily.
Robust Estimation of Longitudinal Velocity and Road Slope in Hybrid Electric Vehicles using an Adaptive Kalman Filter (2013)

Accurate knowledge of the vehicle longitudinal velocity is essential for wheel slip control. Estimation of the slope angle in turn is important for real-life fuel economy optimization and improved traction control. In order to meet these demands also during slippery conditions, an accurate and efficient method of longitudinal velocity and slope estimation is proposed in paper. The research object of this work is a hybrid vehicle with an electric motor on the rear axle and a combustion engine on the front axle. The wheel torque, which offered by electric motor is used to find out over-slipping wheels. Also, only one wheel speed is selected as the observation variable of Kalman Filter by means of a best-wheel selection method, which reduces the influence of slipping wheels as well as the calculation quantity. Furthermore, the slope estimation and accelerometer bias are also taken into consideration. Finally, this algorithm is verified on a winter test ground with excellent results also when all four wheels are spinning.
Trusted computing enhanced user authentication with OpenID and trustworthy user interface (2011)

Trusted computing, used as a security technology, can establish trust between multiple parties. One implementation of trusted computing technology standardised by the Trusted Computing Group is the trusted platform module (TPM). We build on the security provided by the TPM to create a trusted variant of identity management systems based on the popular OpenID protocol. We show that it is feasible to bind OpenID identities to the trustworthiness of the device. Our concept and implementation builds on previous work which showed that trusted computing can be used to create tickets. In this work, we use such tickets as a building block to establish trust in the OpenID protocol between the identity provider and the device. Furthermore, we investigate how mutual trust can be established in the communication between device and user during authentication. The concept of trust visualisation via a trusted environment and binding to user authentication are presented.