gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term Cyclability of Substoichiometric Silicon Nitride Thin Film Anodes for Li-ion Batteries (2017)

Silicon has been the subject of an extensive research effort aimed at developing new anode materials for lithium ion batteries due to its large specific and volumetric capacity. However, commercial use is limited by a number of degradation problems, many of which are related to the large volume change the material undergoes during cycling in combination with limited lithium-diffusivity. Silicon rich silicon oxides (SiO<sub>x</sub>), which converts into active silicon and inactive lithium oxide during the initial lithiation, have attracted some attention as a possible solution to these issues. In this work we present an investigation of silicon rich amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN<sub>x</sub>) as an alternative convertible anode material. Amorphous SiN<sub>0.89</sub> thin films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition show reversible reactions with lithium when cycled between 0.05 and 1.0 V vs. Li<sup>+</sup>/Li. This material delivers a reversible capacity of approximately 1,200 mAh/g and exhibits excellent cycling stability, with 41 nm a-SiN<sub>0.89</sub> thin film electrodes showing negligible capacity degradation over more than 2,400 cycles.
Nucleotide Sequence of the Polyhedrin Gene Region of Helicoverpa zea Single Nucleocapsid Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus: Placement of the Virus in Lepidopteran Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Group II (1994)

The polyhedrin gene (polh) of Helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) was identified and shown by sequence analysis of the EcoRI I genomic fragment to encode a 246 amino acid polypeptide that has greater than 80% sequence identity to known polyhedrins. It is preceded by an AT-rich region containing the conserved late promoter motif TAAG, which was identified as a transcription start point. Downstream of polh there were several similarities in genome arrangement to other nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs). These include open reading frame (ORF) 8, immediately downstream of polh, encoding a 412 amino acid protein with multiple tandem proline residues, which is homologous to ORF8 (ORF1629) of Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid NPV. Phylogenetic analysis of the polh gene region shows that HzSNPV is a member of the previously described lepidopteran NPV group II and that it is most closely related to polh of the NPVs of Malacosoma nuestria, Spodoptera littoralis, Orgyia pseudotsugata (single nucleocapsid-type virus) and Buzura supressaria.
Applied Sonochemistry: The Uses of Power Ultrasound in Chemistry and Processing (2002)

Power ultrasound has been used for many years in two specific industrial areas: cleaning and plastic welding. Over the last ten years an increasing interest has been shown in its potential for use over a much wider range of chemistry and processing which has been grouped together under the general title of sonochemistry. Most of these uses depend on the generation of acoustic cavitation in liquid media but this text, while underlining the importance of the physics and mathematics of cavitation, mainly concentrates on applications of the technology. After an introduction to the topic and some historical background to the uses of power ultrasound the general principles of acoustic cavitation are explored including some background physics, bubble dynamics and factors which influence cavitation. The remainder of the book incorporates a series of applications of sonochemistry which illustrate the types of physical and chemical effects of ultrasonically induced cavitation which will interest chemists and engineers alike. Amongst the major topics included are chemical synthesis, environmental protection and remediation of water, sewage and soils, polymer synthesis and processing, electrochemistry including both analytical and synthetic aspects and plating. The final chapter reviews the range of ultrasonic equipment available in the laboratory and the progress made towards the scale-up of sonochemistry. The level is introductory to semi-advanced and no topic has been taken to a particularly specialist level since it is intended that this should be of general interest to readers with a scientific background.
Interferogram analysis using an accurate fully automatic algorithm (1985)

The Fourier transform based interferogram analysis technique of Takeda et al. is reviewed, and it is shown that the digitization of the interferogram can act to seriously distort the recovered phase object. An algorithm for dealing with this problem is proposed. The recovered phase object may also be seriously distorted if the response of the recording medium is nonlinear. An algorithm for calibrating the film response is proposed which uses only the data in the interferogram and which can be used to correct the effects of the film nonlinearity. The technique is demonstrated on an experimental inteferogram obtained in a study of laser-produced plasmas.
Design of (Gd‐DO3A)<sub><i>n</i></sub>‐polydiamidopropanoyl‐peptide nucleic acid‐<scp>D</scp>(Cys‐Ser‐Lys‐Cys) magnetic resonance contrast agents (2008)

We hypothesized that chelating Gd(III) to 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethylaza)cyclododecane-10-azaacetylamide (DO3A) on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) hybridization probes would provide a magnetic resonance genetic imaging agent capable of hybridization to a specific mRNA. Because of the low sensitivity of Gd(III) as an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, a single Gd-DO3A complex per PNA hybridization agent could not provide enough contrast for detection of cancer gene mRNAs, even at thousands of mRNA copies per cell. To increase the Gd(III) shift intensity of MRI genetic imaging agents, we extended a novel DO3An-polydiamidopropanoyl (PDAPm) dendrimer, up to n = 16, from the N-terminus of KRAS PNA hybridization agents by solid phase synthesis. A C-terminal D(Cys-Ser-Lys-Cys) cyclized peptide analog of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was included to enable receptor-mediated cellular uptake. Molecular dynamic simulation of the (Gd-DO3A-AEEA)16-PDAP4-AEEA2-KRAS PNA-AEEA-D(Cys-Ser-Lys-Cys) genetic imaging nanoparticles in explicit water yielded a pair correlation function similar to that of PAMAM dendrimers, and a predicted structure in which the PDAP dendron did not sequester the PNA. Thermal melting measurements indicated that the size of the PDAP dendron included in the (DO3A-AEEA)n-PDAPm-AEEA2-KRAS PNA-AEEA-D(Cys-Ser-Lys-Cys) probes (up to 16 Gd(III) cations per PNA) did not depress the melting temperatures (Tm) of the complementary PNA/RNA hybrid duplexes. The Gd(III) dendrimer PNA genetic imaging agents in phantom solutions displayed significantly greater T1 relaxivity per probe (r1 = 30.64 +/- 2.68 mM(-1) s(-1) for n = 2, r1 = 153.84 +/- 11.28 mM(-1) s(-1) for n = 8) than Gd-DTPA (r1 = 10.35 +/- 0.37 mM(-1) s(-1)), but less than that of (Gd-DO3A)32-PAMAM dendrimer (r1 = 771.84 +/- 20.48 mM(-1) s(-1)) (P < 0.05). Higher generations of PDAP dendrimers with 32 or more Gd-DO3A residues attached to PNA-D(Cys-Ser-Lys-Cys) genetic imaging agents might provide greater contrast for more sensitive detection.
Towards a telltale watermarking technique for tamper-proofing (2002)

In this paper we present a novel fragile watermarking scheme for the tamper-proofing of multimedia signals. Unlike previously proposed techniques, the novel approach provides spatial and frequency domain information on how the signal is modified. We call such a technique a telltale tamper-proofing method. Our design embeds a fragile watermark in the discrete wavelet domain of the signal by quantizing the corresponding coefficients with user-specified keys. Tamper detection is possible in the localized spatial and frequency regions of the given signal. We provide analysis, simulations and comparisons with two other tamper-proofing methods to show the potential of the proposed approach in detecting and characterizing the distortion imposed on the signal.
Sine-Fitting Software for IEEE Standard 1057 (1999)

Software application that performs the calculations related to the sine-fit tests of IEEE Standard 1057/94. Example outputs and explainations of these outputs to determine the important characteristics of the device under test. This application performs the calculations related to sine-fit tests and uses 4-parameter sine fit from IEEE Standard 1057-1994.
Fitness monitor system (2004)

According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 26% of U.S. adults between the ages of 20 through 74 are overweight. Exercise is a consequential and rewarding strategy to lose body fat and improve one's health. Throughout a large portion of aerobic exercise, a linear relationship exists between heart rate intensity of the exercise and the oxygen consumption (and therefore caloric expenditure). Thus if the heart rate is known, caloric consumption can be reasonably estimated. This paper introduces a new piece of electronic device - fitness monitor system, specially designed for heart rate monitoring and weight management. Its output parameters prefigure one's fitness level and meanwhile give warning if there's health abnormality.
Nitric oxide and endothelin-1 are important regulators of human ophthalmic artery. (1992)

The vascular endothelial cells have the ability to modulate local vascular tone by releasing relaxing factors such as nitric oxide or the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1. Although this regulatory system is found in all vertebrates, there is a great heterogeneity in the release of these endothelium-derived substances, from one organ to an other, between large and small vessels, and between different species. Therefore, observations made in certain vascular beds or animals do not necessarily apply to human ophthalmic circulation. The present study was designed to investigate endothelial mediators in the human ophthalmic artery. The results show that in the human ophthalmic artery, nitric oxide is released under basal conditions and that its production can be markedly stimulated by bradykinin, acetylcholine, and particularly histamine, which cause profound vascular relaxation. In contrast, endothelin-1 evoked potent contractions, which were unaffected by the calcium antagonist nifedipine. However, upon re-exposure of the blood vessels to the peptide, marked tachyphylaxis occurred. These findings demonstrate that in the human ophthalmic artery, endothelium-derived nitric oxide and endothelin are very potent modulators of vascular tone, suggesting that they play an important role in the regulation of local blood flow in the eye. Hence, endothelium dysfunction may represent a new pathogenetic mechanism in disease states associated with altered blood flow to the eye, such as diabetes, hypertension, and some forms of low-tension glaucoma.
Functional Properties of Recombinant Calpain I and of Mutants Lacking Domains III and IV of the Catalytic Subunit (1997)

The catalytic subunit (L-microCANP) of human calpain I (muCANP, the high Ca2+ affinity form) and two of its mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli or using the baculovirus Sf9 system. The mutants lacked domain III (L-mu CANPDelta3) and the calmodulin-like domain IV (L-mu CANPDelta4), respectively. The bacterially expressed proteins were solubilized from the inclusion bodies and refolded with polyethylene glycol. In Sf9 cells, co-expression of the inhibitor calpastatin was necessary to prevent autolysis of L-muCANP, whereas co-expression of the regulatory subunit enhanced it. Only very low levels of mRNA of the truncated form L-mu CANPDelta4 were found in bacmid-transfected Sf9 cells, and it proved impossible to isolate this mutant using the baculovirus expression system. While the apparent Km(Ca2+) of freshly isolated human erythrocyte muCANP was about 60 microM, the recombinant monomeric forms L-mu CANP and L-mu CANPDelta3 required 65-215 and 400-530 microM Ca2+, respectively. Bacterially expressed L-mu CANPDelta4 was Ca2+-independent; the presence of inhibitors during its renaturation was necessary to prevent its autolysis. A chimeric form (L-mu mCANP) composed by domains I-III of muCANP and domain IV of calpain II (mCANP, the low Ca2+ affinity form) was also expressed in Sf9 cells. This mutant required less Ca2+ (about 50 microM) than native erythrocyte calpain for half-maximal activity and had the highest specific activity of all calpains tested. Domain III proved unnecessary for the activity of the recombinant catalytic subunit, but its absence raised the Km(Ca2+) and removed its inactivation at high Ca2+ concentrations. All recombinant proteins were active as monomers in polyethylene glycol-containing buffers; the in vitro association with the regulatory subunit enhanced only slightly the Vmax and the Ca2+ dependence of the expressed proteins. Activation by Ca2+ promoted the separation of the two subunits of the expressed recombinant proteins.
Hypoxia activates matrix metalloproteinase expression and the VEGF system in monkey choroid-retinal endothelial cells: Involvement of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity. (2004)

In monkey choroid-retinal EC, hypoxia selectively induces MMP-2 activity. This induction is preceded by MT1-MMP, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 mRNA expression, as well as that of the VEGF-165 isoform and its receptors KDR and NP1. These increases possibly result from hypoxia-induced activation of cPLA2 and subsequent release of arachidonic acid and its conversion to prostaglandins. These molecular changes in EC could, in part, contribute to the angiogenic response that occurs in the development of ischemic retinopathies and choroidal neovascularization.
Enabling a Manufacturable 3D Technologies and Ecosystem using 28nm FPGA with Stack Silicon Interconnect Technology (2013)

Technology challenges and solutions in the development and manufacturing of Stacked Silicon Interconnect (SSI) Technology have been investigated with the established foundry and OSAT ecosystem. Key enabling technologies, such as TSV processing, interposer backside manufacturing yield enhancement, new stacking technology, interposer warpage control, micro-bump (μ-bump) processes and joining, that comprise the building blocks for SSI technology were developed. Xilinx 28nm FPGA with stacked silicon interconnect technology (SSIT) platform is used to develop and optimize the seamless integration of the processes, structures, parameter, as well as to evaluate the yield, reliability and device performance of them.
Effect of oral vitamin C supplementation on serum uric acid: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (2011)

In aggregate, vitamin C supplementation significantly lowered SUA. Future trials are needed to determine whether vitamin C supplementation can reduce hyperuricemia or prevent incident and recurrent gout.
The Measurement and Application of Electric Effects in Combustion (2015)

The existence of interactions between flames and electric fields has been known for quite some time and has received experimental and theoretical study over the years but remain an active topic of research in the combustion community. The present work specifically investigates the sensitivity of premixed flames electric fields. Prior work has demonstrated that electric fields may be used to enhance and control combustion, but full potential and range of applications for this effect have not been explored. Multiple theories have been presented to explain the process, but there is not yet a truly complete understanding of how electric fields fundamentally change the process of combustion. This work serves to explore new applications of electric-flame interactions and to provide experimental measurements to support the development of detailed theoretical models.Thermo-diffusive and acoustic instabilities in freely propagating flames can trigger the formation of wrinkled flames and turbulence, which may or may not be desirable in different scenarios. Electric fields present a means to interact with such instabilities either by generating direct hydrodynamic forces ('ionic wind') or by modifying the rate of combustion. Experiments performed on downward-propagating hydrocarbon flames have demonstrated that electric fields can be applied to excite or suppress existing instabilities and control the onset of turbulence. Numerical models following from these experiments indicate that subtle spatial variations in chemical reactivity can achieve similar control of inherently unstable flames.A practical limitation of combustion is the phenomenon of quenching, where heat losses to the surroundings extinguish a flame. The enhancement achieved by electric fields is shown to dramatically increase flame propagation speed and reduce quenching in methane-air flames, which may permit the miniaturization of combustion-based power generation systems. In the course of these experiments, flames were found to exhibit different behavior depending on the direction of the applied field. This result is consistent with a proposed model of ion transport in laminar flames, although the experiments have shown a greater degree of enhancement than predicted.Ultimately, modeling the electrical aspects of combustion should be based on detailed accounting of the ion species present in flames. To support the ongoing development of detailed ion-chemistry mechanisms, a non-intrusive microwave interferometer for use in shock tube studies of combustion kinetics was developed. This was used to measure the formation and consumption of free electrons in shock-induced combustion. The range of equivalence ratios tested and the variety of hydrocarbon fuels used provide a rich dataset. Comparison of these results to complementary chemical kinetics simulations have been used to validate proposed improvements to existing mechanisms.
Strategic Trading When Agents Forecast the Forecasts of Others (1996)

ABSTRACT We analyze a multi‐period model of trading with differentially informed traders, liquidity traders, and a market maker. Each informed trader's initial information is a noisy estimate of the long‐term value of the asset, and the different signals received by informed traders can have a variety of correlation structures. With this setup, informed traders not only compete with each other for trading profits, they also learn about other traders' signals from the observed order flow. Our work suggests that the initial correlation among the informed traders' signals has a significant effect on the informed traders' profits and the informativeness of prices.
Automation and orchestration framework for large-scale enterprise cloud migration (2016)

With the promise of low-cost access to flexible and elastic compute resources, enterprises are increasingly migrating their existing workloads to cloud environments. However, the heterogeneity and complexity of legacy IT infrastructure make it challenging to streamline processes of migration at an enterprise scale. In this paper, we present Cloud Migration Orchestrator (CMO), a framework for automation and coordination of large-scale cloud migration based on the IBM Business Process Management (BPM) technology with pre-migration analytics. CMO seamlessly automates complex and error-prone tasks, spanning from on-premise data center analysis, using correlations between occurrences of middleware components, to parallel migration execution by integrating various vendor migration tools. CMO offers self-service capability with a “one-click” migration execution and provides a solution for retaining IP addresses to further minimize workload remediation efforts. We present a taxonomy of network challenges, based on experience with migration of legacy environments and discuss how to automate and optimize network configurations. For each step of the migration process, starting from pre-migration assessment through the post-migration configuration, we discuss lessons learned from real-world deployments and demonstrate how the novel CMO framework reduces human activities through automation. Finally, we discuss efficiency of migration capabilities, including a fourfold process improvement (with respect to traditional approaches) using automation and orchestration.
Harnessing tidal energy takes new turn (2003)

With the idea of underwater windmills in mind, Peter Fraenkel, a mechanical engineer, assembled investors in 1999 to launch the Seaflow project and formed the company Marine Current Turbines Ltd. (MCT, Basingstoke, England). The mission of Seaflow was to build a commercial tidal energy plant based on the windmill concept. Backing came from the British government, the European Commission, and eight private British and German companies. MCT and its partners have built a working tidal mill in the English Channel off the coast of Devon, in southwest England. The 130-metric-ton unit is cemented to the seabed about 1.1 km from the coast, rising a few meters above sea level. Tidal currents turn the 11-meter-long rotor, but as they reverse direction, the rotor's blades can be pitched to accept flow from the opposite direction. Though the rotor turns slowly in water, which is 800 times as dense as air, at 17 rpm the speed is sufficient, with appropriate gearing, to harness the tide's immense energy and drive a turbine. Rotor speed varies, as with variable-speed wind turbines on land or sea, and a power-conditioning system-involving AC-DC-AC conversion-is used to obtain a current output at the grid frequency of 50 Hz. The result is an average of 100 kW and a peak of 300 kW of power, enough for 200 average British homes when hooked into the grid, according to MCT.
Research on intelligent tracing system based on PSD (2012)

Study the performance of the position sensitive detector. Put forward a system designed scheme, to trace the object, aim the object automatically. Experiment showing, through adjust the size of the flare spot and the light illuminance, the detector performance can be improve significantly.
Pharmacologic Targeting of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (2019)

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control transcriptional responses to reduced O<sub>2</sub> availability. HIFs are heterodimeric proteins composed of an O<sub>2</sub>-regulated HIF-α subunit and a constitutively expressed HIF-1β subunit. HIF-α subunits are subject to prolyl hydroxylation, which targets the proteins for degradation under normoxic conditions. Small molecule prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which stabilize the HIF-α subunits and increase HIF-dependent expression of erythropoietin, are in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. HIFs contribute to the pathogenesis of many cancers, particularly the clear cell type of renal cell carcinoma in which loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor blocks HIF-2α degradation. A small molecule inhibitor that binds to HIF-2α and blocks dimerization with HIF-1β is in clinical trials for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Targeting HIFs for stabilization or inhibition may improve outcomes in diseases that are common causes of mortality in the US population.