gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reasonable Crowd: Towards evidence-based and interpretable models of driving behavior (2021)

Autonomous vehicles must balance a complex set of objectives. There is no consensus on how they should do so, nor on a model for specifying a desired driving behavior. We created a dataset to help address some of these questions in a limited operating domain. The data consists of 92 traffic scenarios, with multiple ways of traversing each scenario. Multiple annotators expressed their preference between pairs of scenario traversals. We used the data to compare an instance of a rulebook, carefully hand-crafted independently of the dataset, with several interpretable machine learning models such as Bayesian networks, decision trees, and logistic regression trained on the dataset. To compare driving behavior, these models use scores indicating by how much different scenario traversals violate each of 14 driving rules. The rules are interpretable and designed by subject-matter experts. First, we found that these rules were enough for these models to achieve a high classification accuracy on the dataset. Second, we found that the rulebook provides high interpretability without excessively sacrificing performance. Third, the data pointed to possible improvements in the rulebook and the rules, and to potential new rules. Fourth, we explored the interpretability vs performance trade-off by also training non-interpretable models such as a random forest. Finally, we make the dataset publicly available to encourage a discussion from the wider community on behavior specification for AVs. Please find it at github.com/bassam-motional/Reasonable-Crowd.
Hepatocyte growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, and other growth factor-receptor systems in the lens. (1997)

Hepatocyte and keratinocyte growth factor-receptor systems are expressed in lens cells. HGF and KGF are not expressed in epithelial cells in such tissues as skin, cornea, and lacrimal gland in which fibroblastic and epithelial cells interact in the formation of an organ. Expression of these growth factors in the lens may have evolved because the lens cells are relatively isolated within the anterior chamber of the eye. Our results suggest, however, that growth factors released by the corneal endothelium also could modulate lens functions (aquecrine interactions).
An oral multiparticulate, modified‐release, hydrocortisone replacement therapy that provides physiological cortisol exposure (2013)

A multiparticulate oral hydrocortisone formulation with only an enteric coat provides delayed and sustained absorption and when given in a 'toothbrush' regimen provides physiological cortisol exposure.
Hepatocellular carcinoma cell-specific peptide ligand for targeted drug delivery (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

5610 

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Novel treatment strategies derived from increased knowledge of molecular oncology are constantly being developed to cure this disease. Here, we used phage display to identify a novel peptide which binds specifically to HCC cells. In vitro , the targeting phage was shown to bind to HCC cell lines by ELISA and flow cytometry analysis. In vivo , targeting phage homed specifically to tumor tissues but not to normal visceral organs in SCID mice bearing human HCC xenografts. This homing ability could be competitively inhibited by synthetic peptide. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that targeting phage localized to tumor tissues and that it could not be detected in peptide-competed tumor tissues. In addition, targeting phage recognized the tumor tissue but not non-tumor tissue in surgical specimens from HCC patients, with a positive rate of 61.3% (19/31). With the conjugation of targeting peptide and liposomal doxorubicin, the targeted drug delivery system enhanced the therapeutic efficacy against HCC xenografts through enhanced tumor apoptosis and decreased tumor angiogenesis. Our results indicate that targeting peptide has the potential to improve the systemic treatment of patients with advanced HCC.
Direct chromogenic substrate immuno-capture activity assay for testing of factor VII-activating protease (2011)

The specific FSAP dcs activity represents a reliable method for the detection of the FSAP MRI alloenzyme. Due to the limited correlation between the FSAP dcs and scu-PA activity assays, these different measurands may exhibit different utility in research and clinical applications. Thus, the FSAP dcs activity assay can represent a valuable complement or alternative for FSAP testing in future studies.
Development of an optical fiber SERS microprobe for minimally invasive sensing applications (2018)

Numerous potential biomedical sensing applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) have been reported, but its practical use has been limited by the lack of a robust sensing platform. Optical fiber SERS probes show great promise, but are limited by the prominent silica Raman background, which requires the use of bulky optics for filtering the signal collection and excitation delivery paths. In the present study, a SERS microprobe has been designed and developed to eliminate the bottlenecks outlined above. For efficient excitation and delivery of the SERS signal, both hollow core photonic crystal fiber and double clad fiber have been investigated. While the hollow core fiber was still found to have excessive silica background, the double clad fiber allows efficient signal collection via the multi-mode inner cladding. A micro filtering mechanism has been designed, which can be integrated into the tip of the optical fiber SERS probe, providing filtering to suppress silica Raman background and thus avoiding the need for bulky optics. The design also assists in the efficient collection of SERS signal from the sample by rejecting Rayleigh scattered light from the sample. Optical fiber cleaving using ultra-short laser pulses was tested for improved control of the fiber tip geometry. With this miniaturized and integrated filtering mechanism, it is expected that the developed probe will promote the use of SERS for minimally invasive biomedical monitoring and sensing applications in future. The probe could potentially be placed inside a small gauge hypodermic needle and would be compatible with handheld portable spectrometers.
Double Scatter Simulation for More Accurate Image Reconstruction in Positron Emission Tomography (2020)

Quantitative reconstruction algorithms for positron emission tomography (PET) require estimating the scattered annihilation radiation contributions to the measured data. This is commonly done by simulating only the single scatter contribution, then scaling this component to the data to account for multiple scatter. This scaling step is sometimes problematic due to inconsistencies and statistical noise in these data. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations suggest that for modern scanners with good energy resolution and a narrow photopeak energy window, multiple scatter is dominated by double scatter, so that a single plus double scatter simulation could account for all but a few percent of the scatter arising from within the field of view (FOV) of the simulation. Consequently, we have extended our single scatter simulation (SSS) algorithm to include double scatter contributions. These are efficiently computed by considering a subset of pairs of the single scatter points. This simulation discriminates the time-of-flight offsets of the scattered radiation as well. By fully accounting for the physics, an absolute scaling is achieved such that no scaling relative to measured data is required to model scatter from within the FOV. The double scatter simulation (DSS) results agree well with independent MC simulations. Computation time for SSS+DSS increases by a small multiple of the time required for SSS only, but remains clinically viable. Results for simulated and measured phantom and human PET studies are presented.
Pulse confinement in optical fibers with random dispersion (2001)

Short-range correlated uniform noise in the dispersion coefficient, inherent in many types of optical fibers, broadens and eventually destroys all initially ultra-short pulses. However, under the constraint that the integral of the random component of the dispersion coefficient is set to zero (pinned), periodically or quasi-periodically along the fiber, the dynamics of the pulse propagation changes dramatically. For the case that randomness is present in addition to constant positive dispersion, the pinning restriction significantly reduces average pulse broadening. If the randomness is present in addition to piece-wise constant periodic dispersion with positive residual value, the pinning may even provide probability distributions of pulse parameters that are numerically indistinguishable from the statistically steady case. The pinning method can be used to both manufacture better fibers and upgrade existing fiber links.
Tactile sensor with automatic gain control (2004)

This paper proposes a new tactile sensor capable of automatically adjusting the sensitivity of each sensor unit, depending upon the contact information. Suppose a strain gauge based tactile sensor composed of multiple sub-sensor units and a single AD-DA port. For such a sensor system, we introduce two key components; the Analyzer, how to determine the contact force quickly from each sub-sensor unit, and the automatic gain controller (AGC), how to automatically change the gain for each unit, according to the sensory information. For example, the sensor can automatically cope with both the signal saturation due to an unexpectedly large input and the resolution control depending upon the contact force. The basic idea of the sensor system is verified by experiments.
An Empirical Evaluation of a Probabilistic RF Signature for WLAN Location Fingerprinting (2014)

Localization for indoor environments has gained considerable attention over the last decade. The most popular technique is based on location fingerprinting using received signal strength (RSS) mainly due to the fact that it exploits the available wireless infrastructure and that RSS fingerprints are readily available using different wireless standards (IEEE 802.11, etc.). This simplicity however incurs a cost in accuracy and researchers focus on improving the performance from a pattern recognition perspective. Recently improvement in performance has been demonstrated using physical layer channel-based fingerprints such as the Channel Transfer Function (CTF) and Channel Impulse Response (CIR) at a cost of increased storage and computation requirements. In this paper we experimentally evaluate the performance of a probabilistic physical layer fingerprint that is based on entropy of the magnitude and phase of the CTF. We will show through extensive frequency domain channel measurements in an indoor office environment that entropy can be a practical alternative to RSS fingerprinting; where it shares the latter's simplicity of structure (scalar) but outperforms RSS and complex CIR fingerprints. We further investigate the impact of realistic channel and system impairments such as small-scale fading (Doppler), Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and interference on the performance of the proposed fingerprint signature.
Telescopic hot double wall carbon nanotube for nanolithography (2009)

A custom double wall carbon nanotube for thermal surface modification is proposed. By studying the heat transfer characteristics in the system, it is demonstrated that such a device is capable of producing high resolution patterns on a sample surface. A constant distance between the double wall carbon nanotube tip and the sample surface is maintained due to the van der Waals interactions without the need of an active feedback mechanism.
Novel Three-dimensional Hollow-core Waveguide Using High-contrast Sub-wavelength Grating (2011)

A novel hollow-core waveguide using high-contrast sub-wavelength grating (HCG) is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The waveguide is formed by two HCG planar structures and shows both transverse and lateral light confinement.
Probability-based combination for cooperative spectrum sensing (2010)

This letter proposes a probability-based scheme for combination of spectrum sensing information collected from cooperative cognitive radio users. The proposed scheme enables combination of both synchronous and asynchronous sensing information by utilizing the statistics of licensed band occupancy and is superior to conventional schemes in terms of detection performance.
Curcumin analogues as selective fluorescence imaging probes for brown adipose tissue and monitoring browning (2015)

Abstract Manipulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) can be promising new approaches to counter metabolic disorder diseases in humans. Imaging probes that could consistently monitor BAT mass and browning of WAT are highly desirable. In the course of our imaging probe screening, we found that BAT could be imaged with curcumin analogues in mice. However, the poor BAT selectivity over WAT and short emissions of the lead probes promoted further lead optimization. Limited uptake mechanism studies suggested that CD36/FAT (fatty acid transporter) probably contributed to the facilitated uptake of the probes. By increasing the stereo-hindrance of the lead compound, we designed CRANAD-29 to extend the emission and increase the facilitated uptake, thus increasing its BAT selectivity. Our data demonstrated that CRANAD-29 had significantly improved selectivity for BAT over WAT and could be used for imaging BAT mass change in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, as well as for monitoring BAT activation under cold exposure. In addition, CRANAD-29 could be used for monitoring the browning of subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) induced by β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL-316, 243.
Threshold Logic With Electrostatically Formed Nanowires (2016)

The modulation of current through an electrostatically formed nanowire (EFN) is controlled by the voltage on the four input gates. The behavior of this multi-gate transistor can be interpreted as a complex four-input switching process, enabling the computation of multiple-input threshold logic functions using a single device. We have therefore created a novel threshold logic family leveraging these unique capabilities that enables the efficient computation of complex logic functions. Experimental and simulation data are provided to demonstrate feasibility and evaluate behavior. This logic family overcomes the challenge posed by the input-output voltage mismatch inherent to EFNs and produces circuits with one-eighth the number of active logic devices and one-quarter the number of transistors required by CMOS.
Indole-3-acetic Acid Antagonists of the Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Receptor CRTH2 (2005)

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) acting at the CRTH2 receptor (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells) has been linked with a variety of allergic and other inflammatory diseases. We describe a family of indole-1-sulfonyl-3-acetic acids that are potent and selective CRTH2 antagonists that possess good oral bioavailability. The compounds may serve as novel starting points for the development of treatments of inflammatory disease such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Alumina and Titania-Containing Hybrid Network Ceramer Materials from Sol-Gel Processing (1990)

Abstract Transparent hybrid materials have been prepared by incorporating either an alumina or titania alkoxide sol with triethoxysilane end-capped polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) oligomer. In order to avoid undesirable precipitation after the addition of water, a β-dicarbonyl ligand, ethyl acetoacetate, was used. Triethoxysilane endcapped polytetramethylene oxide with a molecular weight of 2000 (g/mol) was chosen to react with either the alumina or titania sol to demonstrate the features of the reaction scheme. The extent of reaction leading to network formation has been qualitatively followed by infrared spectroscopy. A series of solid films were prepared by varying the molar ratio of either aluminum tri(sec-butoxide) or titanium tetraisopropoxide to ethyl acetoacetate, and the weight fraction of alumina or titania to that of PTMO. The refractive index as well as the general structure-property behavior of these hybrid materials were studied.
Catalytic Water Oxidation by Single-Site Ruthenium Catalysts (2010)

A series of monomeric ruthenium polypyridyl complexes have been synthesized and characterized, and their performance as water oxidation catalysts has been evaluated. The diversity of ligand environments and how they influence rates and reaction thermodynamics create a platform for catalyst design with controllable reactivity based on ligand variations.
High-power terahertz quantum-cascade lasers (2006)

Demonstration of quantum-cascade lasers at ∼4.4 THz (λ∼68 µm), which are measured to emit 248 mW peak power in pulsed mode, and 138 mW continuous-wave power at heatsink temperatures of 10 K, is reported. These lasers are based on a resonant-phonon depopulation scheme, and use a semi-insulating surface-plasmon waveguide.
GNAS Codon 201 mutations are uncommon in Intraductal Papillary Neoplasms of the Bile Duct (2012)

Aims: Activating point mutations of GNAS at codon 201 have recently been detected in approximately two-thirds of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas. Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile ducts (IPNBs) morphologically resemble pancreatic IPMNs. Thus, we sought to assess the mutational status of GNAS at codon 201 in IPNBs.
33.2: Intelligent Adaptive Color Management Unit For Digital Video (2011)

Abstract We describe an intelligent adaptive color management unit whose functionality and architecture are well suited for processing digital video in consumer electronics products like media players, TVs, tablets and smart phones. The unit provides intelligent locally adaptive color, contrast and brightness adjustment using an approach that minimizes artifacts and distortions. It can be used for color management, including gamut remapping, and for enhancement of visual image quality. This technology has been incorporated in several video and media processor ICs.
Biomedical Paper Optimization of Multiple-Isocenter Treatment Planning for Linac-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery (2000)

Objective: Computer-assisted treatment planning for linac-based radiosurgery is still an open research problem, especially for multiple-isocenter procedures, primarily due to its high complexity and computational requirements. This paper focuses on the optimization of multiple- isocenter treatment planning for linac systems, and addresses several important issues associated with multiple isocenters, such as dose conformality, homogeneity, and optimization of isocenter position and dose. Methods: The key idea behind our approach is that the desired dose distribution can be decomposed into a number of fundamental components. In the current paper, an analytical form, the so-called Ellipsoidal Dose Distribution Estimation (EDDE) model, represents each component. We establish ways (arc configurations) to achieve such ellipsoidal doses of arbitrary position, orientation, and size. Since the EDDE model is described by relatively few parameters, it allows very quick estimation of the dose distribution corresponding to a particular isocenter and thus makes the optimization of isocenter position very efficient. It is further used in a framework for optimal treatment planning, in which a number of ellipsoidal dose distributions, each corresponding to a different isocenter, are optimally placed to cover the target while sparing healthy tissue. Results: The general ellipsoidal dose distribution of linac-based radiosurgery is summarized as a mathematical model with the aid of supporting experiments. Comparisons between the EDDE- optimized and clinically implemented plans are made, revealing the superior performance of the former. In addition, a dramatic reduction in planning time is achieved using the EDDE model. Conclusion: The proposed EDDE model is a useful and effective dose model in multiple- isocenter treatment planning for linac-based radiosurgery. Comp Aid Surg 5:220 -233 (2000). ©2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of a Thermal-Based Flow Meter for Assessment of Mobile Resting Metabolic Rate Measures (2018)

This work evaluates the use of a new flow meter to assess exhalation rate. A mobile indirect calorimeter (MIC) was designed and used to measure resting metabolic rate (RMR), which relies on the measure of O 2 consumption rate (VO 2 ) and CO 2 production rate (VCO 2 ). The device was produced from a commercially available and well-established indirect calorimeter and implemented with a new flow meter for the purpose of this study. VO 2 and VCO 2 were assessed by measuring exhalation rates using the new flow meter and O 2 and CO 2 concentrations in breath using the original colorimetric sensors of the indirect calorimeter. The new flow meter was based on a thermal flow meter (TFM) affixed to an orifice with a diameter of 6.8 mm used as a passage for exhaled breath from 16 subjects. The results were compared with a metabolic cart (Medical Graphics), which was connected in series to the modified device. We found that 69% of the results had more than a 10% difference between the modified MIC device and the reference instrument, suggesting that the sensitivity of the thermal flow meter changed over time, which precluded its use as a flow meter for breath flow rate measurement.
Quantification of photoinduced order increase in liquid crystals with naphthopyran guests (2016)

Photoinduced order-increasing phase transitions can occur in dye-liquid crystal mixtures when the photoproduct of the excitation of the dye molecules is more compatible with the liquid crystalline medium than the initial dye species. A detailed investigation of the photoinduced changes of the phase behavior and optical properties of mixtures of liquid crystals with naphthopyran guests upon exposure to light at 365 nm is presented here. In these guest-host systems, the nematic-to-isotropic phase transition temperature is increased upon irradiation. We show that the nematic range can be extended up to 2.9 °C by illumination in 5CB (4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl) liquid crystal mixtures. The order parameter is significantly increased by illumination at all temperatures within the nematic range and the changes are larger at higher concentrations of the guests. In particular, the illuminated guest-host mixtures exhibit order parameters close to those of the neat liquid crystal host at the same temperature relative to the clearing point. An improved understanding of the photophysical processes taking place at the molecular level in these material systems can inform the design of photoresponsive materials and enhance their potential utility in optical or photonic devices.