gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Antiviral Action of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Derivatives (2014)

Although the PHMG (polyhexamethylene guanidine) and other oligomer guanidines are known as highly efficient biocides against a broad spectrum of microorganisms and eukaryotic cells, the cell protection by PHMG derivatives has been established firstly in this study. The antiviral protection was also exhibited after 15 min pretreatment of different cell cultures with low-concentration of PHMG salts. Monolayers of the continuous bovine tracheal cells culture (TCC) and primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblasts (FCE) were treated with aqueous solutions of PHMG chloride salts or PHMG succinate. The molecules of PHMG polycation adhered to the plasma membrane of the cells tested as they were treated with PHMG for 15-30 min. The viral material was added to the cell cultures after the wash-out carried out twice to rid of unbound PHMG. The viruses of Equine herpesvirus type 1, Rhinotracheitis infectious bovine and Equine infectious anemia virus were used. The protective effect from the cytopathic action of herpes and retroviruses was exhibited after 15 min pretreatment of cell monolayer with PHMG chloride at the TCC concentrations of 10 -3 - 10 -2 % and FCE concentrations of 10 -5 - 10 -4 %. The unique antiviral properties of PHMG salts represented in our research had never been shown before.
Dynamics of Crystallization and Disorder during Annealing of P3HT/PCBM Bulk Heterojunctions (2011)

A real-time crystallographic analysis of P3HT/PCBM films during thermal annealing is reported, detailing the temporal variation of crystallization, disorder, and orientational spread during the annealing. Five P3HT/PCBM chlorobenzene solutions with different P3HT concentrations (0, 33, 50, 67, 100 wt %) were spin coated on SiO2 substrates. The thick films (∼100 nm) were studied during annealing (50 min at 140 °C), with in situ synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) and a sampling time <8 s. For the first time, the evolution of the crystal structure is analyzed taking into account P3HT paracrystallinity. The following were observed: a predominance of edge-on P3HT lamellae in the as-spun and annealed films; changes in concentration-dependent edge-on lamellar orientation spread along the alkyl-stacking direction and paracrystalline disorder after annealing; a permanent lamellar stretching just along the alky-stacking direction after annealing; an increase in the P3HT domain size along only the alkyl-stacking direction for the edge-on lamellae, with dynamics consistent with PCBM acting as a plasticizer for P3HT; and finally, an increase in the PCBM concentration at the sample−air interface. We show that the paracrystalline correction is important to calculate correctly the domain size as deduced from GI-XRD.
[Metabolic activation of azaheterocyclics induced dopaminergic toxicity: possible candidate neurotoxins underlying idiopathic Parkinson's disease]. (1998)

In 1983, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a contaminant of "synthetic heroin", has been reported to induce parkinsonian symptoms in humans, who were responsive to L-DOPA therapy, as a result of the degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons. The "MPTP story" hypothesizes that Parkinson's disease may be initiated or percipitated by environmental and/or endogenous toxins by a mechanism similar to that of MPTP in genetically-predisposed individuals. Several classes of heterocyclic molecules structurally related to MPTP have been advanced as possible neurotoxicant precursors underlying the nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Indoleamine-related beta-carbolines (beta Cs), a class of heterocyclics which are basically plant alkaloids, are proposed as the most promising natural MPTP-like toxicants or protoxicants. In this article, beta Cs and N-methylated beta C cations are reviewed with regards to their formation, bioactivation, toxicity and presence in the human central nervous system. The enzymes in mammalian brain particulate fractions methylate beta Cs, sequentially forming 2-mono-[N]-methylated (2-Me beta C+s) and neurotoxic 2,9-di-[N, N']-methylated (2,9-Me2 beta C+s) beta-carbolinium cations. These beta C+s are structural analogs of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), an active metabolite of MPTP, with a nitrogen bridge. The beta C+s not only inhibit DA reuptake and tyrosine hydroxylase, but also function as NADH-linked respiratory inhibitors in isolated mitochondria. The quarternization of beta C strikingly increased the affinity for dopamine transporter with 2-10 times greater Km and 10 times smaller Vmax values than MPP+. Furthermore, we have found higher concentrations of beta C+s localized in the nigra than in the cortex, and observed the S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation of 2[beta]- and 9[indole]-nitrogens of beta Cs in non-parkinsonian human brains. Moreover, the cerebrospinal fluid levels of these beta C+s are higher in parkinsonian than non-parkinsonian patients. Simple beta-carboline induced parkinsonian-like symptoms in mice via N-methylation. These results indicated that beta C is a selective dopaminergic toxin precursor, that is sequentially methylated to form 2,9-Me2 beta C+ that could be an underlying factor in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Allergic Contact Sensitization in an Adult Danish Population: Two Cross-sectional Surveys Eight Years Apart (The Copenhagen Allergy Study) (2001)

In 1990 and 1998 15-41-year-old people were patch-tested in 2 cross-sectional studies of random samples of the population in the western part of Copenhagen County, Denmark. In 1990, 290 subjects and in 1998, 469 subjects were patch-tested. The participation rates were 69% and 51%, respectively. Contact sensitivity to one or more haptens was found in 15.9% and 18.6% in 1990 and 1998, respectively. Nickel sensitivity is still the most common contact sensitivity. The risk of contact sensitivity to the cosmetic-related haptens included in the series (formaldehyde was not included) increased significantly from 2.4% in 1990 to 5.8% in 1998 (odds ratio 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.04-5.73). The prevalence of contact sensitivity to cosmetic-related allergens has been doubled between 1990 and 1998.
NAD <sup>+</sup> acts on mitochondrial SirT3 to prevent axonal caspase activation and axonal degeneration (2013)

In chronic degenerative syndromes, neuronal death occurs over long periods, during which cells progressively lose their axons and, ultimately, their cell bodies. Although apoptosis is recognized as a key event in neuronal death, the molecular mechanisms involved in CNS axons degeneration are poorly understood. Due to the highly polarized phenotypes of CNS neurons, the different neuronal subcompartments are likely to be targeted by light repetitive and localized aggression. Such locally initiated deleterious signal transduction pathways could theoretically spread through the cytoplasm. However, where axon-degenerative signals initiate, what these early signals are, and how they lead to axon degeneration are unanswered questions that limit our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and our ability to identify novel therapeutic targets. Using a microfluidic culture device adapted to CNS primary neurons, allowing specific access to the axonal and somatodendritic compartments, we analyzed the molecular pathways involved in axonal degeneration of differentiated neurons. We show here that local application of proapoptotic stimuli on the somatodentritic compartment triggers a dying-back pattern involving caspase-dependent axonal degeneration. Using complementary pharmacological and genetic approaches, we further demonstrate that NAD(+) and grape wine polyphenols prevent axonal apoptosis and act via mitochondrial SirT3 activation in axons.
Role of Superoxide in Angiotensin II–Induced but Not Catecholamine-Induced Hypertension (1997)

Hypertension caused by chronically elevated angiotensin II is mediated in part by .O2-, likely via degradation of endothelium-derived NO. Increased vascular .O2- may contribute to vascular disease in high renin/angiotensin II states.
Specification of the vertebrate eye by a network of eye field transcription factors (2003)

Several eye-field transcription factors (EFTFs) are expressed in the anterior region of the vertebrate neural plate and are essential for eye formation. The Xenopus EFTFs ET, Rx1, Pax6, Six3, Lhx2, tll and Optx2 are expressed in a dynamic, overlapping pattern in the presumptive eye field. Expression of an EFTF cocktail with Otx2 is sufficient to induce ectopic eyes outside the nervous system at high frequency. Using both cocktail subsets and functional (inductive) analysis of individual EFTFs, we have revealed a genetic network regulating vertebrate eye field specification. Our results support a model of progressive tissue specification in which neural induction then Otx2-driven neural patterning primes the anterior neural plate for eye field formation. Next, the EFTFs form a self-regulating feedback network that specifies the vertebrate eye field. We find striking similarities and differences to the network of homologous Drosophila genes that specify the eye imaginal disc, a finding that is consistent with the idea of a partial evolutionary conservation of eye formation.
Automatic heart sound analysis with short-time Fourier transform and support vector machines (2009)

Skilled cardiologists probe heart sounds by electronic stethoscope through human ears, but interpretation of heart sounds is a very special skill which is quite difficult to teach in a structured way. Because of this reason, automatic heart sound analysis in computer systems would be very helpful for medical staff. This paper presents a complete heart sound analysis system covering from the segmentation of beat cycles to the final determination of heart conditions. The kernels of heart beat cycle segmentation and recognition are based on autocorrelation, short-time Fourier transform, and support vector machines. The experiments are done by a public heart sound database released by Texas Heart Institute. A very promising recognition rate has been achieved.
Reconstruction of Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery by Coupling Variational Segmentation and Radiometric Analysis (2021)

Digital images, and in particular satellite images acquired by different sensors, may present defects due to many causes. Since 2013, the Landsat 7 mission has been affected by a well-known issue related to the malfunctioning of the Scan Line Corrector producing very characteristic strips of missing data in the imagery bands. Within the vast and interdisciplinary image reconstruction application field, many works have been presented in the last few decades to tackle the specific Landsat 7 gap-filling problem. This work proposes another contribution in this field presenting an original procedure based on a variational image segmentation model coupled with radiometric analysis to reconstruct damaged images acquired in a multi-temporal scenario, typical in satellite remote sensing. The key idea is to exploit some specific features of the Mumford–Shah variational model for image segmentation in order to ease the detection of homogeneous regions which will then be used to form a set of coherent data necessary for the radiometric reconstruction of damaged regions. Two reconstruction approaches are presented and applied to SLC-off Landsat 7 data. One approach is based on the well-known histogram matching transformation, the other approach is based on eigendecomposition of the bands covariance matrix and on the sampling from Gaussian distributions. The performance of the procedure is assessed by application to artificially damaged images for self-validation testing. Both of the proposed reconstruction approaches had led to remarkable results. An application to very high resolution WorldView-3 data shows how the procedure based on variational segmentation allows an effective reconstruction of images presenting a great level of geometric complexity.
Effects of It Takes Two to Talk—The Hanen Program for Parents of Preschool Children With Cerebral Palsy: Findings From an Exploratory Study (2009)

It Takes Two to Talk may be associated with positive communication change for this group. Further investigation of its clinical effectiveness is warranted.
The efficacy of Link N as a mediator of repair in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration (2011)

When administered to the degenerate disc in vivo, Link N stimulated aggrecan gene expression and downregulated metalloproteinase expression, and there was a trend towards increased proteoglycan content of the disc, in both the NP and AF. These are features needed for any agent designed to stimulate disc repair. In principle, therefore, Link N supplementation could be an option for treating disc degeneration.
Corneal Biomechanical Properties at Different Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) Irradiances (2014)

The biomechanical effect of CXL decreased significantly when using high irradiance/short irradiation time settings. Intrastromal oxygen diffusion capacity and increased oxygen consumption associated with higher irradiances may be a limiting factor leading to reduced treatment efficiency. Our results regarding the efficiency of high-irradiance collagen cross-linking (CXL) raise concerns about the clinical efficiency of the new high-irradiance CXL devices already used in clinical practice without proper validation.
Data-Driven Gearbox Failure Detection in Industrial Robots (2019)

Gearbox failures cost thousands of lost production hours in plants that use industrial robots. In this context, an automated monitoring system that can warn the user of an impending failure can save precious resources. This problem has been addressed in many other domains through the use of machine learning approaches. However, standard machine learning algorithms are limited in their ability to detect gearbox failures, mainly due to task variability arises from robot-specific data. To improve detection performance of machine learning approaches, in this paper we propose techniques to curate the data prior to building a classification model. In a systematic hypothesis-driven study exploring the effect of different preprocessing techniques, we evaluate training data augmentation with estimated measurements, data differencing to suppress task dependence, inclusion of local variation, and selection of principal components on data collected from 26 industrial robots from the field. Our results show that preprocessing techniques improve the failure detection performance.
Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror With an Optical Bias Controller for Achieving Full-Swing Operation of Gate Switching (2004)

Cross-phase modulation between counterpropagating lights degrades the extinction ratio of nonlinear optical-loop-mirror (NOLM) switches. To suppress such effect, we propose an NOLM with an optical-bias controller that can give a proper amount of optical bias between lights propagating through an NOLM in opposite directions. Implementing such optical bias controller in a conventional NOLM composed of a polarization-maintaining fiber, we demonstrate, for the first time, wavelength conversion of a nonreturn-to-zero signal under the full-swing condition with the maximum extinction ratio.
Nickel–copper supported on a carbon black hydrogen oxidation catalyst integrated into an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (2018)

This work introduces the first practical platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalyst for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFC), based on nickel-rich Ni<sub>95</sub>Cu<sub>5</sub>-alloy nanoparticles.
Multi-rate DPSK optical transceivers for free-space applications (2014)

We describe a flexible high-sensitivity laser communication transceiver design that can significantly benefit performance and cost of NASA's satellite-based Laser Communications Relay Demonstration. Optical communications using differential phase shift keying, widely deployed for use in long-haul fiber-optic networks, is well known for its superior sensitivity and link performance over on-off keying, while maintaining a relatively straightforward design. However, unlike fiber-optic links, free-space applications often require operation over a wide dynamic range of power due to variations in link distance and channel conditions, which can include rapid kHz-class fading when operating through the turbulent atmosphere. Here we discuss the implementation of a robust, near-quantum-limited multi-rate DPSK transceiver, co-located transmitter and receiver subsystems that can operate efficiently over the highly-variable free-space channel. Key performance features will be presented on the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) based TX, including a wavelength-stabilized master laser, high-extinction-ratio burst-mode modulator, and 0.5 W single polarization power amplifier, as well as low-noise optically preamplified DSPK receiver and built-in test capabilities.
Classification of M-ary QAM Based on Instantaneous Power Moment with Adjustable Median (2013)

Modulation classification is expected to play an important role in the recent wireless communications applications such as spectral sensing in the cognitive radios and detection of unlicensed radio stations. Various techniques for modulation classification have been proposed, and the approach based on a statistical moment is known for its low computational complexity. The major drawback of the classification based on the higher-order statistics is its performance inferior to an optimal approach based on likelihood functions. In this paper, we propose a novel modulation classification approach based on the statistical moment of instantaneous power with adjustable median assuming the knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and show its effectiveness for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulations.
A systematic approach for extraction of phenolic compounds using parsley (<i>Petroselinum crispum</i>) flakes as a model substrate (2006)

Abstract The impact of extraction methodology and polarity of extraction solvents on the assay of phenolic compounds was investigated using parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) flakes as a model substrate. This systematic study was undertaken to address substantial variations in the extraction procedures, solvents and conditions as described in the recent literature. Five different extraction procedures [shaking, vortex mixing, sonication, stirring and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)] and three different solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone), with five different solvent to water ratios per solvent, were used for extraction. Extracts were analyzed for phenolic content by high‐performance liquid chromatography and Folin–Ciocalteu assays. The yields of phenolic compounds extracted with a pressurized liquid extractor were comparable to or better than those of four classical extraction procedures. Optimum extraction efficiency with PLE was obtained when extractions were performed with four extraction cycles using ethanol–water (50:50, v/v). The amount of apiin (4,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone 7‐apiosylglucoside) and malonylapiin (apigenin malonylapiosylglucoside) isolated from parsley varied with the composition of extraction solvent. Apiin extractability was found to be a maximum when the solvent (ethanol, methanol or acetone) to water ratio was 30:70 (v/v), whereas higher amounts of malonylapiin were isolated with a reverse solvent to water ratio (70:30, v/v). Malonylapiin was not detected when parsley samples were extracted with organic solvent to water ratios of 10:90 (v/v) and 30:70 (v/v). Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Clinical Validation of Heart Rate Apps: Mixed-Methods Evaluation Study (2017)

Our findings suggest that the most suitable method for the validation of an HR app is a simultaneous measurement of the HR by the smartphone app and an ECG system, compared on the basis of beat-to-beat analysis. This approach could lead to more correct assessments of the accuracy of HR apps.
A Case Study in Biomimetic Total Synthesis:  Polyolefin Carbocyclizations to Terpenes and Steroids (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Case Study in Biomimetic Total Synthesis: Polyolefin Carbocyclizations to Terpenes and SteroidsRyan A. Yoder and Jeffrey N. JohnstonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 12, 4730–4756Publication Date (Web):November 30, 2005Publication History Received7 March 2005Published online30 November 2005Published inissue 1 December 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr040623lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr040623lresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10224Altmetric-Citations425LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biosynthesis,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Ions,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Perturbation-based methods for explaining deep neural networks: A survey (2021)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in a broad range of tasks, in particular the ones dealing with the perceptual data. However, full-scale application of DNNs in safety-critical areas is hindered by their black box-like nature, which makes their inner workings nontransparent. As a response to the black box problem, the field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has recently emerged and is currently rapidly growing. The present survey is concerned with perturbation-based XAI methods, which allow to explore DNN models by perturbing their input and observing changes in the output. We present an overview of the most recent research focusing on the differences and similarities in the applications of perturbation-based methods to different data types, from extensively studied perturbations of images to the just emerging research on perturbations of video, natural language, software code, and reinforcement learning entities.
Fabrication and Application of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Microarrays (2004)

The increased number of drug targets and compounds demands novel high-throughput screening technologies that could be used for parallel analysis of many genes and proteins. Protein microarrays are evolving promising technologies for the parallel analysis of many proteins with respect to their abundance, location, modifications, and interactions with other biological and chemical molecules. This chapter specifically describes the fabrication of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) microarrays, a unique subset of protein microarrays, using contact-pin printing technology. The bioassays and potential applications of GPCR microarrays for the determination of compound affinities and potencies are also included.