gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical modification of halogenated polystyrene resins utilizing highly reactive calcium and the formation of calcium cuprate reagents in the preparation of functionalized polymers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical modification of halogenated polystyrene resins utilizing highly reactive calcium and the formation of calcium cuprate reagents in the preparation of functionalized polymersRichard A. O'Brien, Tianan Chen, and Reuben D. RiekeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 9, 2667–2677Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00035a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00035a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sunitinib Therapy for Melanoma Patients with <i>KIT</i> Mutations (2012)

Sunitinib may have activity in patients with melanoma and KIT mutations; more study is needed. KIT mutations may represent an adverse prognostic factor in metastatic melanoma.
A comprehensive 2-D inductance modeling approach for VLSI interconnects: frequency-dependent extraction and compact circuit model synthesis (2002)

Although three-dimensional (3-D) partial inductance modeling costs have decreased with stable, sparse approximations of the inductance matrix and its inverse, 3-D models are still intractable when applied to full chip timing or crosstalk analysis. The 3-D partial inductance matrix (or its inverse) is too large to be extracted or simulated when power-grid cross-sections are made wide to capture proximity effect and wires are discretized finely to capture skin effect. Fortunately, 3-D inductance models are unnecessary in VLSI interconnect analysis. Because return currents follow interconnect wires, long interconnect wires can be accurately modeled as two-dimensional (2-D) transmission lines and frequency-dependent loop impedances extracted using 2-D methods . Furthermore, this frequency dependence can be approximated with compact circuit models for both uncoupled and coupled lines. Three-dimensional inductance models are only necessary to handle worst case effects such as simultaneous switching in the end regions. This paper begins by explaining and defending the 2-D modeling approach. It then extends the extraction algorithm to efficiently include distant return paths. Finally, a novel synthesis technique is described that approximates the frequency-dependent series impedance of VLSI interconnects with compact circuit models suitable for timing and noise analysis.
Corrosion Inhibition of Cobalt with a Thin Film of Cu‐BTA (1993)

Electrochemical techniques, ellipsometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to evaluate the use of benzotriazole, alone or in combination with boric acid/borate buffer and dilute copper sulfate for the protection of cobalt. The data indicate that in slightly alkaline solutions benzotriazole is a strong inhibitor for cobalt corrosion, whereas in water and neutral solutions it produces a barely measurable effect. In the presence of benzotriazole and Cu^+2 ions, spontaneous reduction of copper ions leads to the formation of a thin film of Cu-BTA on the cobalt surface. This film acts as a corrosion protector that is better than benzotriazole, with a significant reduction of the corrosion rate even during subsequent exposure to solutions without inhibitors.
On approximate NN realization of an unknown dynamic system from its input-output history (2000)

This paper considers the problem of using input/output data to realize the dynamic equation for a continuous time nonlinear system. The issue is of paramount importance in control theory, particularly for adaptive output feedback control of unknown plants, when the measurement equation and its derivatives, due to uncertain dynamics, are unknown. Using the universal approximation property of Rumelhart-Hinton-Williams' neural networks, theorems are proved establishing the "memory window length" for input(s) and output(s) for both SISO and MIMO systems, needed for approximate realization. This result can be used to solve output feedback problems for a class of nonlinear systems without the need for a state observer.
Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Cellulosic Biomass (2009)

Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource for fuel ethanol production. However, the lignocellulose is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis because of its structural complexity. Controlled-pH liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment of cellulosic feedstock improves its enzymatic digestibility by removing hemicellulose and making the cellulose more accessible to cellulase enzymes. The removed hemicellulose is solubilized in the liquid phase of the pretreated feedstock as oligosaccharides. Formation of monomeric sugars during the LHW pretreatment is minimal. The LHW pretreatment is carried out by cooking the feedstock in process water at temperatures between 160 and 190 degrees C and at a pH of 4-7. No additional chemicals are needed. This chapter presents the detailed procedure of the LHW pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
Abstract 5557: BoxA and ethyl pyruvate offer novel therapeutic approaches for human malignant mesothelioma. (2013)

Abstract Human malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive and highly lethal cancer that has been linked to asbestos and erionite exposure. MM causes about 3,000 deaths per year in the US and more than 100,000 deaths per year worldwide. We previously found that the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) plays a critical role in the early carcinogenic events in MM development by inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion, potentiating survival of fiber-exposed primary human mesothelial cells (HM) and enabling HM malignant transformation. We recently showed that HMGB1 is upregulated in MM tumor tissues and cell lines and its levels to be significantly higher in the blood of MM patients compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, MM cells are “addicted” to HMGB1 and HMGB1 promotes proliferation, viability, motility and invasiveness of MM cells. Here we show that the use of the HMGB1 antagonists BoxA or ethyl pyruvate (EP) inhibit the motility, survival and progression of MM cells in vitro and reduce the growth of MM xenografts in SCID mice. BoxA is a fragment of HMGB1 protein that corresponds to the one of the two highly conserved DNA binding domains, and behaves as a competitive inhibitor. EP is the ethyl ester of pyruvic acid, is known to suppress oxygen radical formation, and suppresses HMGB1 secretion. Both BoxA and EP have been shown to down-regulate the activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor, NF-κB, as well as the expression of several proinflammatory proteins, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB1 itself. Taken together, our results provide a preclinical proof-of-principle that inhibition of HMGB1 activity using either BoxA or EP is sufficient to elicit therapeutic activity, offering novel therapeutic approaches for MM treatment. Citation Format: Sandro L. Jube, Zeyana Rivera, Maura Casalgrandi, Marco Bianchi, Harvey I. Pass, Giovanni Gaudino, Michele Carbone, Haining Yang. BoxA and ethyl pyruvate offer novel therapeutic approaches for human malignant mesothelioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5557. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5557
β-Arrestin2 Couples Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 to Neuronal Protein Synthesis and Is a Potential Target to Treat Fragile X (2017)

Synaptic protein synthesis is essential for modification of the brain by experience and is aberrant in several genetically defined disorders, notably fragile X (FX), a heritable cause of autism and intellectual disability. Neural activity directs local protein synthesis via activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu<sub>5</sub>), yet how mGlu<sub>5</sub> couples to the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate mRNA translation is poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that β-arrestin2 mediates mGlu<sub>5</sub>-stimulated protein synthesis in the hippocampus and show that genetic reduction of β-arrestin2 corrects aberrant synaptic plasticity and cognition in the Fmr1<sup>-/y</sup> mouse model of FX. Importantly, reducing β-arrestin2 does not induce psychotomimetic activity associated with full mGlu<sub>5</sub> inhibitors and does not affect G<sub>q</sub> signaling. Thus, in addition to identifying a key requirement for mGlu<sub>5</sub>-stimulated protein synthesis, these data suggest that β-arrestin2-biased negative modulators of mGlu<sub>5</sub> offer significant advantages over first-generation inhibitors for the treatment of FX and related disorders.
Fiber-embedded mandrel-stiffened planar acoustic sensor (1995)

A plastic mandrel-based, embedded planar fiber-optic acoustic sensor has been developed by wrapping a single mode fiber around solid plastic mandrels which are embedded in an elastomeric encapsulant forming a planar device. The acoustic sensitivity of the sensor was found to be high and frequency independent. The high sensitivity is a result of the effective utilization of the low bulk modulus encapsulant (elastomer), while the frequency-independent sensitivity is a result of the low acceleration sensitivity of the sensor due to the out-of-plane fiber coil geometry and the presence of the mandrels. A comparison is made between this sensor and other large area fiber-optic sensor designs.
Solvent-free ketone hydrogenations catalyzed by molybdenum complexesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: additional spectroscopic data and description of the synthetic procedures. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b401760a/ (2004)

Et2C=O is hydrogenated under solvent-free conditions using a catalyst prepared by hydride abstraction from HMo(CO)2[eta5:eta1-C5H4(CH2)(2)PCy2]; the catalyst functions at low catalyst loadings (< 0.4 mol%).
Teaching hydrogels how to move like an earthworm (2007)

Breaking of symmetry is an important principle employed in nature to achieve directional movement in systems of various dimensional scales. The same principle can be utilized in engineered devices. Here we highlight recent work on directed motion and transport capacity of environmentally sensitive polymer gels. The directional motion of cylindrical hydrogels is driven by spatially and temporally controlled propagation of volume phase transitions along their length. This system could potentially be used in a wide variety of areas including biochemical test systems, targeted drug delivery and "soft" medical tools.
SLIT2/ROBO2 signaling pathway inhibits nonmuscle myosin IIA activity and destabilizes kidney podocyte adhesion (2016)

The repulsive guidance cue SLIT2 and its receptor ROBO2 are required for kidney development and podocyte foot process structure, but the SLIT2/ROBO2 signaling mechanism regulating podocyte function is not known. Here we report that a potentially novel signaling pathway consisting of SLIT/ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 1 (SRGAP1) and nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) regulates podocyte adhesion downstream of ROBO2. We found that the myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC), a subunit of NMIIA, interacts directly with SRGAP1 and forms a complex with ROBO2/SRGAP1/NMIIA in the presence of SLIT2. Immunostaining demonstrated that SRGAP1 is a podocyte protein and is colocalized with ROBO2 on the basal surface of podocytes. In addition, SLIT2 stimulation inhibits NMIIA activity, decreases focal adhesion formation, and reduces podocyte attachment to collagen. In vivo studies further showed that podocyte-specific knockout of <i>Robo2</i> protects mice from hypertension-induced podocyte detachment and albuminuria and also partially rescues the podocyte-loss phenotype in <i>Myh9</i> knockout mice. Thus, we have identified SLIT2/ROBO2/SRGAP1/NMIIA as a potentially novel signaling pathway in kidney podocytes, which may play a role in regulating podocyte adhesion and attachment. Our findings also suggest that SLIT2/ROBO2 signaling might be a therapeutic target for kidney diseases associated with podocyte detachment and loss.
Poly(γ-<scp>d</scp>-glutamic acid) protein conjugates induce IgG antibodies in mice to the capsule of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>: A potential addition to the anthrax vaccine (2003)

Both the protective antigen (PA) and the poly(gamma-d-glutamic acid) capsule (gamma dPGA) are essential for the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. A critical level of vaccine-induced IgG anti-PA confers immunity to anthrax, but there is no information about the protective action of IgG anti-gamma dPGA. Because the number of spores presented by bioterrorists might be greater than encountered in nature, we sought to induce capsular antibodies to expand the immunity conferred by available anthrax vaccines. The nonimmunogenic gamma dPGA or corresponding synthetic peptides were bound to BSA, recombinant B. anthracis PA (rPA), or recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (rEPA). To identify the optimal construct, conjugates of B. anthracis gamma dPGA, Bacillus pumilus gamma dLPGA, and peptides of varying lengths (5-, 10-, or 20-mers), of the d or l configuration with active groups at the N or C termini, were bound at 5-32 mol per protein. The conjugates were characterized by physico-chemical and immunological assays, including GLC-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight spectrometry, and immunogenicity in 5- to 6-week-old mice. IgG anti-gamma dPGA and antiprotein were measured by ELISA. The highest levels of IgG anti-gamma dPGA were elicited by decamers of gamma dPGA at 10 -20 mol per protein bound to the N- or C-terminal end. High IgG anti-gamma dPGA levels were elicited by two injections of 2.5 microg of gamma dPGA per mouse, whereas three injections were needed to achieve high levels of protein antibodies. rPA was the most effective carrier. Anti-gamma dPGA induced opsonophagocytic killing of B. anthracis tox-, cap+. gamma dPGA conjugates may enhance the protection conferred by PA alone. gamma dPGA-rPA conjugates induced both anti-PA and anti-gamma dPGA.
Development of Enzyme-Containing Functional Nanoparticles (2012)

Abstract : Enzymes demonstrate great potential for numerous applications; however their practicality is limited by instability in harsh environments, such as temperature extremes; limiting both operational stability as well as long-term shelf life. In this work, we seek to overcome enzyme instability at elevated temperatures through the encapsulation of enzymes within poly(N-isopropylacrylamide, NiPAAm) colloidal nanoparticles. Nanoparticles composed of NiPAAm undergo a transition from being highly hydrophilic and swollen (at room temperature) to shrunken and hydrophobic (at elevated temperatures). We are taking advantage of this phenomenon by encapsulating and covalently immobilizing enzymes within the particles. Enzymes denature at high temperatures, unfolding in the process. Encapsulation within NiPAAm particles prevents denaturation as the shrinking polymer network prevents the enzyme from unfolding at high temperatures. Glucose oxidase and organophosphorus hydrolase were functionalized with hydrophobic and polymerizable chemical groups and encapsulated within NiPAAm/Styrene particles using an enzyme friendly emulsion polymerization technique. The particles undergo a volume transition from approximately 100nm to 50nm in size. Thermal stability studies in aqueous conditions were conducted at temperatures up to 70 C, resulting in a 2-10 fold improvement in enzyme pot-life. Lyophilization of these novel materials extends their shelf over that of native enzyme from 3 weeks to over 3 months.
Distributed Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow on a Radial Network (2014)

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is fundamental in power system operations and planning. Large-scale renewable penetration in distribution networks calls for real-time feedback control, and hence the need for fast and distributed solutions for OPF. This is difficult because OPF is nonconvex and Kirchhoff's laws are global. In this paper we propose a solution for balanced radial distribution networks. It exploits recent results that suggest solving for a globally optimal solution of OPF over a radial network through the second-order cone program (SOCP) relaxation. Our distributed algorithm is based on alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM), but unlike standard ADMM algorithms that often require iteratively solving optimization subproblems in each ADMM iteration, our decomposition allows us to derive closed form solutions for these subproblems, greatly speeding up each ADMM iteration. We present simulations on a real-world 2,065-bus distribution network to illustrate the scalability and optimality of the proposed algorithm.
Reduced Wall Acetylation Proteins Play Vital and Distinct Roles in Cell Wall <i>O</i>-Acetylation in Arabidopsis    (2013)

The Reduced Wall Acetylation (RWA) proteins are involved in cell wall acetylation in plants. Previously, we described a single mutant, rwa2, which has about 20% lower level of O-acetylation in leaf cell walls and no obvious growth or developmental phenotype. In this study, we generated double, triple, and quadruple loss-of-function mutants of all four members of the RWA family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In contrast to rwa2, the triple and quadruple rwa mutants display severe growth phenotypes revealing the importance of wall acetylation for plant growth and development. The quadruple rwa mutant can be completely complemented with the RWA2 protein expressed under 35S promoter, indicating the functional redundancy of the RWA proteins. Nevertheless, the degree of acetylation of xylan, (gluco)mannan, and xyloglucan as well as overall cell wall acetylation is affected differently in different combinations of triple mutants, suggesting their diversity in substrate preference. The overall degree of wall acetylation in the rwa quadruple mutant was reduced by 63% compared with the wild type, and histochemical analysis of the rwa quadruple mutant stem indicates defects in cell differentiation of cell types with secondary cell walls.
A Proposed Möbius Accelerator (1995)

Any existing circular accelerator can be converted inexpensively for ``M\"obius operation'' by introducing one ``twist'' element that interchanges horizontal and vertical betatron oscillations on each particle passage. Two, not one, traversals of the ring are required to return to a corresponding state. The ring exhibits properties different from and, in important ways, superior to the original. Beam brightness can be increased while preserving large amplitude stability, and the (necessarily round) beams are robust against beam-beam interaction in colliding beam operation.
Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor has proangiogenic and proinflammatory effects in the lung via VEGF and VEGF receptor-2 (2006)

From a mouse model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, we previously found a highly upregulated protein in the lung that we named hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF), also known as found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1), and resistin-like molecule alpha (RELMalpha). However, the mechanisms of HIMF in the pulmonary vascular remodeling remain unknown. We now demonstrate that HIMF promoted cell proliferation, migration, and the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in pulmonary endothelial cells as well as the production of reactive oxygen species in murine monocyte/macrophage cells. HIMF-induced CD31-positive cell infiltrate in in vivo Matrigel plugs was significantly suppressed by VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) blockade. In ex vivo studies, HIMF stimulated the production of VEGF, MCP-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in the lung resident cells, and VEGFR2 neutralization significantly suppressed HIMF-induced MCP-1 and SDF-1 production. Furthermore, intravenous injection of HIMF showed marked increase of CD68-positive inflammatory cells in the lungs, and these events were attenuated by VEGFR2 neutralization. Intravenous injection of HIMF also downregulated the expression of VEGFR2 in the lung. These results suggest that HIMF plays critical roles in pulmonary inflammation as well as angiogenesis.
Neutralizing Antibodies Protect against Oral Transmission of Lymphocryptovirus (2020)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a cancer-associated pathogen for which there is no vaccine. Successful anti-viral vaccines elicit antibodies that neutralize infectivity; however, it is unknown whether neutralizing antibodies prevent EBV acquisition. Here we assessed whether passively delivered AMMO1, a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes EBV in a cell-type-independent manner, could protect against experimental EBV challenge in two animal infection models. When present prior to a high-dose intravenous EBV challenge, AMMO1 prevented viremia and reduced viral loads to nearly undetectable levels in humanized mice. AMMO1 conferred sterilizing immunity to three of four macaques challenged orally with rhesus lymphocryptovirus, the EBV ortholog that infects rhesus macaques. The infected macaque had lower plasma neutralizing activity than the protected animals. These results indicate that a vaccine capable of eliciting adequate titers of neutralizing antibodies targeting the AMMO1 epitope may protect against EBV acquisition and are therefore highly relevant to the design of an effective EBV vaccine.
Timed-Release Calcium Sulfate Ceramic Nanocomposites as Bone Graft Substitutes (2007)

Pure calcium sulfate (CS) is an excellent bone graft material because it is biocompatible, completely biodegradable, osteoconductive, safe, nontoxic and angiogenic. It also has barrier properties. However, its rapid degradation limits its use as a bone graft material. A nanocomposite of CS and poly (l lactic acid) (PLLA) in a ratio of 96:4 was developed to overcome this problem. This composite underwent slower degradation. It took 16 weeks for complete degradation whereas pure CS takes only 4 weeks. When implanted in bone defects in rabbits, it underwent complete degradation and stimulated vigorous bone formation.