gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an exoskeleton ankle robot for robot-assisted gait training of stroke patients (2017)

Lower Limb Exoskeleton robot that can facilitate stair walking is a big challenge, most systems could only provide level ground walking. In this study, a lightweight (0.5kg at ankle, 0.5kg at waist for control box) and autonomous exoskeleton Ankle Robot was proposed to provide power assistance for gait training of chronic stroke patients and it can facilitate three walking conditions in real-time: (1) level walking, (2) stair ascending, and (3) stair descending. Chronic stroke patients (n=3) with drop foot gait deficit and moderate motor impairment were recruited to evaluate the system under different walking conditions (Functional Ambulatory Category: FAC=4.7±0.5 and Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower-extremity: FMA-LE=13.7±2.9). The system consisted of a specially designed carbon fiber AFO, servomotor, gear transmission system, IMU and force sensors, and control box. The IMU sensors embedded in the shank measured acceleration and angular velocity to identify distinct features in leg tilting angle and leg angular velocity between the three walking conditions. The results showed the powered ankle dorsiflexion assistance could reduce dropped foot of the stroke patients in swing phase and provide better gait pattern. A demo of the ankle robot will be conducted in the conference.
Feature Ranking and Selection for Intrusion Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks and Statistical Methods (2006)

This paper describes results concerning the robustness and generalization capabilities of artificial neural networks in detecting intrusions using network audit trails. Through a variety of comparative experiments, it is found that neural network performs the best for intrusion detection. Feature selection is as important for intrusion detection as it is for many other problems. We present our work of identifying intrusion and normal pertinent features and evaluating the applicability of these features in detecting intrusions. We also present different feature selection methods for intrusion detection. It is demonstrated that, with appropriately chosen features, intrusions can be detected in real time or near real time.
DNA Analysis Using an Integrated Microchip for Multiplex PCR Amplification and Electrophoresis for Reference Samples (2014)

A system that automatically performs the PCR amplification and microchip electrophoretic (ME) separation for rapid forensic short tandem repeat (STR) forensic profiling in a single disposable plastic chip is demonstrated. The microchip subassays were optimized to deliver results comparable to conventional benchtop methods. The microchip process was accomplished in sub-90 min compared with >2.5 h for the conventional approach. An infrared laser with a noncontact temperature sensing system was optimized for a 45 min PCR compared with the conventional 90 min amplification time. The separation conditions were optimized using LPA-co-dihexylacrylamide block copolymers specifically designed for microchip separations to achieve accurate DNA size calling in an effective length of 7 cm in a plastic microchip. This effective separation length is less than half of other reports for integrated STR analysis and allows a compact, inexpensive microchip design. This separation quality was maintained when integrated with microchip PCR. Thirty samples were analyzed conventionally and then compared with data generated by the microfluidic chip system. The microfluidic system allele calling was 100% concordant with the conventional process. This study also investigated allelic ladder consistency over time. The PCR-ME genetic profiles were analyzed using binning palettes generated from two sets of allelic ladders run three and six months apart. Using these binning palettes, no allele calling errors were detected in the 30 samples demonstrating that a microfluidic platform can be highly consistent over long periods of time.
New partial SOI LDMOS device with high power-added efficiency for 2 GHz RF power amplifier applications (2002)

For cellular applications, it is important to raise the power-added efficiency of the RF power amplifier. For this, lower output capacitance for a transistor device is a vital factor in obtaining higher efficiency. In order to improve the LDMOS output properties, a new partial SOI RF LDMOS structure is proposed in this paper. The partial SOI structure is built on an ordinary bulk wafer to avoid the high cost of using an SOI starting wafer. By optimising the transistor structure, a 57% reduction of the output capacitance and a 37% output power increase were obtained by MEDICI simulations. In addition, the oxide layer underneath the drain emitter can divert some crowded electric fields. Therefore, for devices with the same blocking voltage capability, the proposed structure uses a thinner epi-layer. This decreases the thickness of the p/sup +/ sinker junction as well as that of the device. These properties prove to be of great advantage in RF power amplification applications, as it would maximise power added efficiency (PAE) and integration abilities. Laboratory measurements on the fabricated samples showed that more than 50% reduction in C/sub ds/ can be achieved.
Requirement of α and β subunit transmembrane helix separation for integrin outside-in signaling (2007)

Adhesion to extracellular ligands through integrins regulates cell shape, migration, growth, and survival. How integrins transmit signals in the outside-to-in direction remains unknown. Whereas in resting integrins the alpha and beta subunit transmembrane domains are associated, ligand binding promotes dissociation and separation of these domains. Here we address whether such separation is required for outside-in signaling. By introduction of an intersubunit disulfide bond, we generated mutant integrin alphaIIbbeta3 with blocked transmembrane separation that binds ligand, mediates adhesion, adopts an extended conformation after ligand binding, and forms antibody-induced macroclusters on the cell surface similarly to wild type. However, the mutant integrin exhibits a profound defect in adhesion-induced outside-in signaling as measured by cell spreading, actin stress-fiber and focal adhesion formation, and focal adhesion kinase activation. This defect was rescued by reduction of the disulfide bond. Our results demonstrate that the separation of transmembrane domains is required for integrin outside-in signal transduction.
Tribology Analysis of Chemical‐Mechanical Polishing (1994)

To better understand the variation of material removal rate on a wafer during chemical‐mechanical polishing (CMP), knowledge of the stress distribution on the wafer surface is required. The difference in wafer‐surface stress distributions could be considerable depending on whether or not the wafer hydroplanes during polishing. This study analyzes the fluid film between the wafer and pad and demonstrates that hydroplaning is possible for standard CMP processes. The importance of wafer curvature, slurry viscosity, and rotation speed on the thickness of the fluid film is also demonstrated.
Road Friction Estimation (2007)

This project is part of the Swedish IVSS program. The aim of IVSS is to stimulate research and development for the road safety of the future. Road conditions with low friction have been identified as a frequent cause of traffic accidents. Therefore, technology to automatically\ndetect changes in road conditions and alert the driver or take proper actions with active driver support systems would be a key contribution to increased road safety.\nThe aim of this project was to investigate the possibilities to estimate the tire to road friction.\nThree different approaches have been developed and evaluated, from concept to early prototypes in test vehicles. In the first method, the estimation of the coefficient of friction is based on the forces and torques that are produced at the front tires at cornering maneuvers.\nThe second method is based on a physical model of the tire behavior and estimates road friction from information on the forces that are produced at straight driving. The third method is based on an optical sensor that classifies the road surface ahead of the vehicle.\nThe three methods have been successfully evaluated in proving ground and public road tests in summer and winter conditions with different tires, and have been compared with reference measurements. The conclusion is that all three methods can be used for tire to road friction\nestimation and are recommended for further development and industrialization.
Optical encoding with shaped DAM-1 molecular sieve particles (2003)

This work introduces a new high-throughput screening particle - a Dallas Amphorous Material No. 1 (DAM-1) molecular sieve particle. In contrast to porous silica microspheres, the 2-8-microm sized DAM-1 molecular sieve particles are available in a variety of shapes and morphologies including spheres, hexagons, rods, gyroids, and discoids. The advantage of using DAM-1 molecular sieve particles is the ability to encode an array by particle shape, which in turn permits the repeated use of luminescent reporter dyes. In this technical note, we demonstrate optical decoding of fluorescein- and Texas Red-modified shaped molecular sieve particles using reflectance and fluorescence microscopies.
Bimetallic solvated metal atom dispersed catalysts. New materials with low-temperature catalytic properties (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBimetallic solvated metal atom dispersed catalysts. New materials with low-temperature catalytic propertiesKenneth J. Klabunde and Yuzo ImizuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 9, 2721–2722Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00321a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00321a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Innovative Approaches to Enhanced Enzymatic Microalgae‐to Biodiesel Production (2023)

Abstract Despite the increasing interest in biodiesel production from microalgae, the high cost of multistage production processes still hinders its commercialization. The high oil productivity of microalgae and their ability to grow rapidly under harsh conditions and in saline water make them a favorable feedstock for biodiesel production. In this review, conventional methods of producing biodiesel from microalgae are thoroughly discussed and compared to state‐of‐the‐art technologies. Considerable emphasis has been put on the adoption of biocatalysts as alternative greener and more effective catalysts. Challenges facing the biocatalytic process and innovative ways to overcome them are also presented. The main focus is on the in‐situ biodiesel production processes, which are promising to pave the way for industrial application of microalgae‐to‐biodiesel process. The use of state‐of the‐art thermoresponsive switchable solvents, coupled with immobilized lipase, for simultaneous cell disruption, oil extraction‐reaction, and product separation in one pot has shown to be highly favorable. Because enzymes are expensive, finding ways to enhance their stability and reusability for a greater number of cycles is essential for the process to be economically viable and competitive.
TCP-FIT &#x2014; A novel TCP congestion control algorithm for wireless networks (2010)

The Transport Control Protocol (TCP) has been widely used in wired and wireless Internet applications such as FTP, email and HTTP. However, performances of traditional TCP congestion algorithms degrade significantly when deployed over wireless networks. In this paper, we proposed an improved TCP congestion control algorithm for wireless networks, named TCP-FIT, and compared its performance with existing state-of-the-art congestion control algorithms as well as an application layer Parallel TCP scheme. Experiment results show significant performance improvement, good fairness and lower end-to-end latency for TCP-FIT.
Lensless photography with only an image sensor (2017)

Photography usually requires optics in conjunction with a recording device (an image sensor). Eliminating the optics could lead to new form factors for cameras. Here, we report a simple demonstration of imaging using a bare CMOS sensor that utilizes computation. The technique relies on the space variant point-spread functions resulting from the interaction of a point source in the field of view with the image sensor. These space-variant point-spread functions are combined with a reconstruction algorithm in order to image simple objects displayed on a discrete LED array as well as on an LCD screen. We extended the approach to video imaging. Finally, we performed experiments to analyze the parametric impact of the object distance. Improving the sensor designs and reconstruction algorithms can lead to useful cameras without optics.
Generalized frequency modulation (2001)

A generalization of frequency modulation is developed in which state trajectories of dynamical systems are used as carrier waves. Our focus is on the design and analysis of modulators and demodulators for such generalized frequency modulation systems. In particular, we show that for a class of dynamical systems, among which are certain chaotic systems, it is possible to develop a general approach to demodulation. This approach to demodulation results in a systematic procedure for demodulator construction that depends on the underlying dynamical system in a simple manner.
Three‐dimensional direct cell bioprinting for tissue engineering (2016)

Bioprinting is a relatively new technology where living cells with or without biomaterials are printed layer-by-layer in order to create three-dimensional (3D) living structures. In this article, novel bioprinting methodologies are developed to fabricate 3D biological structures directly from computer models using live multicellular aggregates. Multicellular aggregates made out of at least two cell types from fibroblast, endothelial and smooth muscle cells are prepared and optimized. A novel bioprinting approach is proposed in order to continuously extrude cylindrical multicellular aggregates through the bioprinter's glass microcapillaries. The multicellular aggregates are first aspirated into a capillary and then compressed to form a continuous cylindrical multicellular bioink. To overcome surface tension-driven droplet formation, the required compression ratio is calculated. Based on the developed bioprinting strategies, multicellular aggregates and their support structures are bioprinted to form 3D tissue constructs with predefined shapes. The effect of the bioprinting process was examined for fusion, cell viability at different compression ratios, and f-actin cytoskeletal organization. The results show that the bioprinted 3D constructs fuse rapidly and have high cell viability after printing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2530-2544, 2017.
PARTICULATE FILMS FOR MAGNETO-OPTICAL RECORDING IV. PREPARATION OF THE FILMS (1991)

Fine particles (∼500 Å in size) of crystalline Bi-substituted iron garnet (Bi, Dy)3(Fe, Al)5O12 were dispersed in solvents containing organic or inorganic binders. They were spin-coated onto a glass substrate to form particulate films. The particles are dispersed so well that the films do not strongly scatter light and are transparent. The particulate films have magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the film plane by inverse-magnetostriction effect due to stress induced by shrinkage of the binder during curing. A particulate film with Bi1Dy2Fe4Al1O12 fine particles dispersed in the inorganic binder exhibits a magnetization curve with a high squareness ratio (of 0.9) and a strong coercive force (of 900 Oe). A particulate film with Bi1Dy2Fe4.5Al0.5O12 fine particles dispersed in the organic binder has a Faraday rotation spectrum which is similar in shape but small in magnitude as compared to that reported for the film of the same garnet [1].
Time domain passivity control with reference energy following (2005)

A recently proposed method for stabilizing haptic interfaces and teleoperation systems was tested with a PHANToM commercial haptic device. The passivity observer (PO) and passivity controller (PC) stabilization method was applied to stabilize the system but also excited a high-frequency mode in the device. To solve this problem, we propose a method to use a time-varying desired energy threshold instead of fixed zero energy threshold for the PO, and make the actual energy input follow the time-varying energy threshold. With the time-varying energy threshold, we make the PC control action smooth without sudden impulsive behavior by distributing the dissipation. The proposed new PO/PC approach is applied to PHANToM with high stiffness (K=5000N/m), and stable and smooth contact is guaranteed. Resetting and active environment display problems also can be solved with the reference energy following idea.
CMOS compatible nanowires for biosensing (2011)

Semiconducting nanowires (NWs) have the potential to function as highly sensitive and selective sensors for label-free detection of minute concentrations of target molecules. We discuss here an approach to NW sensors using CMOS (complementary metal - oxide -semiconductor) - FET (field effect transistor) compatible technology, which enables detection of biomolecules to clinically relevant concentrations, as well as real-time monitoring of response. This approach eliminates the need for hybrid methods and enables system-scale integration of these sensors with signal processing and information systems. The ability to monitor antibody binding and sense real-time live cellular immune response with readily available technology will facilitate widespread diagnostic applications.
In vitro chemosensitivity testing of hematological cancer patients: detection of ornithine decarboxylase (2001)

Department of Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
A Reservoir-based Convolutional Spiking Neural Network for Gesture Recognition from DVS Input (2020)

Mammalian neural circuits respond to different sensory stimuli by firing spikes at particular times. Closely mimicking this phenomenon, the evolving 3rd generation neural networks, known as Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), are found to be capable of memorizing and learning from the spatio-temporal spike patterns. This makes SNN applicable in identification of human actions and gestures, especially in the robotics domain. The paradigm is also suited for Neuromorphic Systems leading to less energy intensive applications. In this work, we present a novel spiking neural network constituting multiple convolutional layers and a reservoir layer to extract spatial and temporal features respectively from human gesture videos captured with DVS camera. We achieved more than 95% Top-3 accuracy on IBM DVS dataset and we claim that the performance of our network is better in terms of accuracy vs. learning parameters ratio when compared to other networks.
A Practical Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium and Sodium Batteries: Poly(pentyl malonate) (2022)

The rate at which rechargeable batteries can be charged and discharged depends primarily on ion transport between the electrodes. This is governed by the limiting current and electrochemical stability of the electrolyte. To our knowledge, the limiting current values of all dry polymer electrolytes in the literature are either not reported or lower than that of the benchmark polymer electrolyte comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). We describe the synthesis and characterization of a new polymer electrolyte, poly(pentyl malonate) (PPM). The length-normalized limiting current of PPM/LiTFSI in lithium-polymer-lithium symmetric cells is about a factor of 2.8 higher than that of PEO/LiTFSI at the same salt concentration and temperature. This polymer also exhibits increased electrochemical stability at high potentials (up to 5 V against Li+/Li) relative to PEO. Promising preliminary data obtained in sodium-polymer-sodium symmetric cells is also presented.
Geometrical Uniformity of Plastic Coatings on Optical Fibers (1976)

The concentricity and uniformity of nearly concentric transparent plastic coatings extruded onto optical fibers are determined by a sensitive, nondestructive optical technique. The method is based on the location of unique fringes in the backscattered light arising from a beam that is incident at right angles to the fiber's axis. Results from both uniform and distorted coatings are shown, and instrumentation suitable for on-line coating diagnosis and correction is presented.
Purification and characterization of DNA topoisomerase V. An enzyme from the hyperthermophilic prokaryote Methanopyrus kandleri that resembles eukaryotic topoisomerase I. (1994)

DNA topoisomerase V is a novel prokaryotic enzyme related to eukaryotic topoisomerase I. The enzyme is a type I DNA topoisomerase and is recognized by polyclonal antibody against human topoisomerase I. We describe its purification from the hyperthermophilic methanogen Methanopyrus kandleri. The enzyme has high activity in crude extracts and is present in at least 1,500 copies/cell. Topoisomerase V migrates as a 110-kDa polypeptide in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as a 142-kDa globular protein in gel filtration. It is active up to at least 100 degrees C on both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA and is not inhibited by single-stranded DNA. The enzyme works from 1 to 650 mM NaCl and up to 3.1 M potassium glutamate. It acts processively at low ionic strength and distributively at high NaCl or KCl concentration. Magnesium is not required and does not stimulate the enzymatic activity. Under DNA denaturing conditions, topoisomerase V catalyzes an unlinking reaction which results in substantial reduction in the linking number of closed circular DNA. The driving force for this process is DNA melting. Camptothecin is not nearly as good an inhibitor for topoisomerase V as it is for eukaryotic topoisomerase I. The unique occurrence of two major type I topoisomerases (reverse gyrase and topoisomerase V) in M. kandleri may shed new light on the evolution of this family of enzymes and supports the concept of a distant but significant relationship between some hyperthermophilic organisms and eukaryotes.
High-order tunable filters based on a chain of coupled crystalline whispering gallery-mode resonators (2004)

We demonstrate experimentally a tunable third-order optical filter fabricated from the three voltage-controlled lithium niobate whispering gallery-mode resonators. The filter operates at 1550 nm with 30-MHz bandwidth and can be electrooptically tuned by 12 GHz in the linear regime with approximately 80-MHz/V tuning rate. With this filter, we have demonstrated 6-dB fiber-to-fiber insertion loss and 30-ns tuning speed, limited by the resonator buildup time.