gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LiMn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>PO<sub>4</sub> Nanorods Grown on Graphene Sheets for Ultrahigh‐Rate‐Performance Lithium Ion Batteries (2011)

A two-step solution-phase synthesis led to LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 nanorods grown on graphene with superior electrical conductivity (see picture; rmGO=reduced mildly oxidized graphene oxide). The nanorod morphology is ideal for fast Li+ diffusion, with the diffusion path along the short radial direction (20–30 nm) of the nanorods. An ultrafast discharge performance for this hybrid cathode material is thus achieved. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The dual function of the splenic marginal zone: essential for initiation of anti-TI-2 responses but also vital in the general first-line defense against blood-borne antigens (2002)

The splenic marginal zone (S-MZ) is especially well equipped for rapid humoral responses and is unique in its ability to initiate an immune response to encapsulated bacteria (T-cell independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens). Because of the rapid spreading through the blood, infections with blood-borne bacteria form a major health risk. To cope with blood-borne antigens, a system is needed that can respond rapidly to a great diversity of organisms. Because of a number of unique features, S-MZ B cells can respond rapid and efficient to all sorts of blood-borne antigens. These unique features include a low blood flow microenvironment, low threshold for activation, high expression of complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) and multireactivity. Because of the unique high expression of CD21 in a low flow compartment, S-MZ B cells can bind and respond to TI-2 antigens even with relatively low-avid B cell receptors. Although TI-2 antigens are in general poorly opsonized by classic opsonins, a particular characteristic of these antigens is their ability to bind very rapidly to complement fragment C3d without the necessity of previous immunoglobulin binding. TI-2 primed S-MZ B cells, already by first passage through the germinal centre, will meet antigen-C3d complexes bound to follicular dendritic cells, allowing unique immediate isotype switching. This explains that the primary humoral response to TI-2 antigens is unique in its characterization by a rapid increase in IgM concurrent with IgG antibody levels.
A Rapid, Amplification‐Free, and Sensitive Diagnostic Assay for Single‐Step Multiplexed Fluorescence Detection of MicroRNA (2015)

The importance of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation for the development and progression of diseases and the discovery of stable miRNAs in peripheral blood have made these short-sequence nucleic acids next-generation biomarkers. Here we present a fully homogeneous multiplexed miRNA FRET assay that combines careful biophotonic design with various RNA hybridization and ligation steps. The single-step, single-temperature, and amplification-free assay provides a unique combination of performance parameters compared to state-of-the-art miRNA detection technologies. Precise multiplexed quantification of miRNA-20a, -20b, and -21 at concentrations between 0.05 and 0.5 nM in a single 150 μL sample and detection limits between 0.2 and 0.9 nM in 7.5 μL serum samples demonstrate the feasibility of both high-throughput and point-of-care clinical diagnostics.
ChemInform Abstract: ABRAMOV REACTION OF CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVES WITH FREE ANOMERIC CENTERS (1985)

Abstract Die basenkatalysierte Umsetzung der Kohlenhydrate (I), (V) und (VII) mit Dimethylphosphit führt zu den Phostonen (IIIa), (VI) und (VIII), wobei das Derivat (IIIa) überraschenderweise in der Boots‐Konformation vorliegt.
Diesel engine performance and emission analysis using canola oil methyl ester with the nano sized zinc oxide particles (2014)

In this study, the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of single cylinder, four stroke, stationary, air-cooled and direct injection compression ignition engine have been investigated at the constant engine speed 1500 rpm under the full load when it is fueled with various blends such as 80% diesel + 20% canola oil methyl ester, 80% diesel + 20% canola oil methyl ester + 50ppm zinc oxide and 80% diesel + 20% canola oil methyl ester + 100ppm zinc oxide. And also the properties such as pour point, cloud point, flash point, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, sulphated ash and calorific value of above blends are determined and compared with American biodiesel standards (ASTM D7467). It is found that the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles which accelerates early ignition of combustion shortens ignition delay and enhances NOx emissions.
Sintering Chromium Oxide with the Aid of TiO <sub>2</sub> (1979)

The influence of additives on the sintering behavior of Cr 2 O 3 was studied. The oxygen pressure and temperature at which the sintering rate becomes significant are dramatically altered by adding ∼ 1 wt% TiO 2 ; the sintering temperature decreases, whereas the oxygen pressure for appreciable densification increases. At temperatures as low as 1280°C, densities of 92% of theoretical were obtained. Densification was examined as a function of temperature, oxygen pressure, and TiO 2 concentration. Several other transition metal oxides were tested for their ability to enhance sintering; none was successful.
ICOS is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer as it promotes the amplification of immunosuppressive CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (2013)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) that infiltrate primary breast tumors impair patient survival. The ICOS-mediated interaction between tumor-infiltrating CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and pDCs leads to the amplification of Tregs and interleukin-10 secretion. Importantly, ICOS<sup>+</sup> cell infiltration correlates with adverse patient prognosis, identifying ICOS as a new target for cancer immunotherapy.
Quantum chemistry and molecular engineering of oligomeric and polymeric materials for optoelectronics (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantum chemistry and molecular engineering of oligomeric and polymeric materials for optoelectronicsJean Marie. Andre and Joseph. DelhalleCite this: Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 5, 843–865Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00005a011Request reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HBTU mediated 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) conjugate addition: synthesis and stereochemical analysis of β-benzotriazole N-oxide substituted γ-amino acids and hybrid peptides (2014)

HBTU is a standard coupling agent commonly used for the activation of free carboxylic acids during the solution and solid phase peptide synthesis. 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) plays a significant role in reducing the racemization during peptide synthesis; hence it is regularly used as a coupling additive. Here, we are reporting the mild and facile conjugate addition of HOBt to E-vinylogous γ-amino acids mediated by the HBTU. The reaction is moderately diastereoselective and novel β-benzotriazole N-oxide (β-BtO) substituted γ-amino acids were isolated in moderate to good yields. The single crystal analysis of methyl esters of major (anti) and minor (syn) conjugate addition products infers the formation of exclusively N-alkylated benzotriazole N-oxides instead of O-alkylation of HOBt. In addition, we showed the utilization of β-BtO substituted γ-amino acids in peptide synthesis and studied their conformations in single crystals.
ACUT<sub>2</sub>E TSE‐SSFP: A hybrid method for T2‐weighted imaging of edema in the heart (2008)

ACUT(2)E TSE-SSFP is a hybrid between steady state free precession (SSFP) and turbo spin echo (TSE) for bright-blood T2-weighted imaging with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) similar to dark-blood TSE. TSE-SSFP uses a segmented SSFP readout during diastole with 180 degrees pulses following a 90 degrees preparation. The 180 degrees refocusing pulses make TSE-SSFP similar to TSE but TSE-SSFP uses gradient moment nulling, whereas TSE uses gradient crushing. TSE-SSFP produced T2-weighted images with minimal T1 weighting. TSE-SSFP and TSE had similar SNR (155.9 +/- 6.0 vs 160.9 +/- 7.0; P = NS) for acute myocardial infarction (MI) and twice the SNR of T2-prepared SSFP (73.1 +/- 3.4, P < 0.001). TSE-SSFP and TSE had approximately double the CNR of T2-prepared SSFP for differentiating acute MI from normal myocardium. Imperfect blood suppression, present in all animals on some TSE images, was a problem eliminated by TSE-SSFP and T2-prepared SSFP.
Evolutionary Acyclic Graph Partitioning (2017)

Directed graphs are widely used to model data flow and execution dependencies in streaming applications. This enables the utilization of graph partitioning algorithms for the problem of parallelizing computation for multiprocessor architectures. However due to resource restrictions, an acyclicity constraint on the partition is necessary when mapping streaming applications to an embedded multiprocessor. Here, we contribute a multi-level algorithm for the acyclic graph partitioning problem. Based on this, we engineer an evolutionary algorithm to further reduce communication cost, as well as to improve load balancing and the scheduling makespan on embedded multiprocessor architectures.
Regulation of G Protein-linked Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors for Rho, PDZ-RhoGEF, and LARG by Tyrosine Phosphorylation (2002)

A recently identified family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho that includes PDZ-RhoGEF, LARG, and p115RhoGEF exhibits a unique structural feature consisting in the presence of area of similarity to regulators of G protein signaling (RGS). This RGS-like (RGL) domain provides a structural motif by which heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits of the Galpha(12) family can bind and regulate the activity of RhoGEFs. Hence, these newly discovered RGL domain-containing RhoGEFs provide a direct link from Galpha(12) and Galpha(13) to Rho. Recently available data suggest, however, that tyrosine kinases can regulate the ability of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to stimulate Rho, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we found that the activation of thrombin receptors endogenously expressed in HEK-293T cells leads to a remarkable increase in the levels of GTP-bound Rho within 1 min (11-fold) and a more limited but sustained activation (4-fold) thereafter, which lasts even for several hours. Interestingly, tyrosine kinase inhibitors did not affect the early phase of Rho activation, immediately after thrombin addition, but diminished the levels of GTP-bound Rho during the delayed phase. As thrombin receptors stimulate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) potently, we explored whether this non-receptor tyrosine kinase participates in the activation of Rho by GPCRs. We obtained evidence that FAK can be activated by thrombin, Galpha(12), Galpha(13), and Galpha(q) through both Rho-dependent and Rho-independent mechanisms and that PDZ-RhoGEF and LARG can in turn be tyrosine-phosphorylated through FAK in response to thrombin, thereby enhancing the activation of Rho in vivo. These data indicate that FAK may act as a component of a positive feedback loop that results in the sustained activation of Rho by GPCRs, thus providing evidence of the existence of a novel biochemical route by which tyrosine kinases may regulate the activity of Rho through the tyrosine phosphorylation of RGL-containing RhoGEFs.
Host natural killer T cells induce an interleukin-4–dependent expansion of donor CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells that protects against graft-versus-host disease (2009)

Although CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells (T regulatory cells [Tregs]) and natural killer T cells (NKT cells) each protect against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), interactions between these 2 regulatory cell populations after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have not been studied. We show that host NKT cells can induce an in vivo expansion of donor Tregs that prevents lethal GVHD in mice after conditioning with fractionated lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and anti-T-cell antibodies, a regimen that models human GVHD-protective nonmyeloablative protocols using TLI and antithymocyte globulin (ATG), followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). GVHD protection was lost in NKT-cell-deficient Jalpha18(-/-) hosts and interleukin-4 (IL-4)(-/-) hosts, or when the donor transplant was Treg depleted. Add-back of donor Tregs or wild-type host NKT cells restored GVHD protection. Donor Treg proliferation was lost in IL-4(-/-) hosts or when IL-4(-/-) mice were used as the source of NKT cells for adoptive transfer, indicating that host NKT cell augmentation of donor Treg proliferation after TLI/antithymocyte serum is IL-4 dependent. Our results demonstrate that host NKT cells and donor Tregs can act synergistically after BMT, and provide a mechanism by which strategies designed to preserve host regulatory cells can augment in vivo donor Treg expansion to regulate GVHD after allogeneic HCT.
Electroporation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer (2003)

To prove the efficacy of electroporation therapy (EPT) in T1 and T2 squamous cell cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx.Twelve patients were treated with EPT within the framework of a European trial. Tumors were infiltrated with a bleomycin solution and subsequently treated with EPT. Four weeks after treatment the necrotic mass at the site of the former tumor was resected with save margins and accurately examined histologically.Whereas 10 specimens were completely free of cancer cells, 2 cases showed viable tumor cells.EPT has the potential to serve as an interesting alternative in the treatment of head and neck cancer.
Broadband circularly polarized antenna with high gain for Ku-band applications (2017)

A novel broadband circularly-polarized (CP) antenna fed by strip-line is proposed. The CP operation is achieved by corners truncated and can be significantly improved by introducing a pair of half loop strips around two opposite corners of the square patch. The bandwidths for the axial ratio (AR < 3 dB) and relative impedance (|S11| < −10 dB) is 7.6% (16–17.2 GHz). The proposed antenna also has a peak gain of about 6.8 dBi@16.5 GHz and has a stable radiation pattern over the entire CP frequency band.
L'économie des passerelles technologiques et l'évolution des réseaux. Leçons apprises de l'histoire de la distribution de l'électricité. 2ème partie (1991)

Paul A. DAVID & Julie A. BUNN, L'Economie des passerelles-tecbnologiques et l'évolution des réseaux. Leçons apprises de l'histoire de la distribution d'électricité. 2ème partie. Cet article est consacré au rôle des passerelles technologiques dans les processus de développement des réseaux techniques. Les auteurs appuient leur thèse sur une étude de cas : l'influence du convertisseur rotatif dans le développement du courant alternatif (et sa victoire sur le courant continu) aux Etats-Unis à la charnière du siècle (1890-1910). Dans la première partie de cet article, publiée dans FLUX 4, à partir d'exemples dans des domaines techniques divers, les auteurs revenaient sur la définition de concepts largement employés dans la littérature (innovation, norme, compatibilité) et introduisaient la notion de passerelle technologique ("gateway technology") entre sous-systèmes incompatibles. Puis ils retraçaient l'histoire de la 'Bataille des Courants' qui a défrayé la chronique aux Etats-Unis à la fin des années 1880, en discutant les analyses qu'elle a déjà suscitées dans la littérature. Dans la seconde partie de l'article, publiée ici, les auteurs proposent leur interprétation de ces événements, en mettant l'accent sur le convertisseur rotatif, considéré comme passerelle technologique.
High Sensitive Detection of Cry1Ab Protein Using a Quantum Dot-Based Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (2011)

Protein-based detection methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow strip, have been widely used for rapid, spot, and sensitive detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Herein, one novel quantum dot-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (QD-FLISA) was developed employing quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescent marker for the detection of the Cry1Ab protein in MON810 maize. The end-point fluorescent detection system was carried out using QDs conjugated with goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody. The newly developed Cry1Ab QD-FLISA assay was highly specific to the Cry1Ab protein and had no cross-reactivity with other target proteins, such as Cry2Ab, Cry1F, and Cry3Bb. The quantified linearity was achieved in the value range of 0.05-5% (w/w). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the QD-FLISA were 2.956 and 9.854 pg/mL, respectively, which were more sensitive than the conventional sandwich ELISA method. All of the results indicated that QD-FLISA was a highly specific and sensitive method for the monitoring of Cry1Ab in GMOs.
Automatic question generation and answer assessment: a survey (2021)

Abstract Learning through the internet becomes popular that facilitates learners to learn anything, anytime, anywhere from the web resources. Assessment is most important in any learning system. An assessment system can find the self-learning gaps of learners and improve the progress of learning. The manual question generation takes much time and labor. Therefore, automatic question generation from learning resources is the primary task of an automated assessment system. This paper presents a survey of automatic question generation and assessment strategies from textual and pictorial learning resources. The purpose of this survey is to summarize the state-of-the-art techniques for generating questions and evaluating their answers automatically.
Music as an auditory stimulus in stroke patients. (2008)

Auditory stimulation increases mean blood flow velocity (MBFV) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in healthy individuals. Our aim was to monitor such changes in the affected MCA of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The study included 66 non-thrombolysed patients with AIS who were divided into groups according to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Group I consisted of patients with NIHSS score 10 and group II with NIHSS score > or =11. Affected MCA was insonated with transcranial Doppler (TCD). MCA MBFVs were monitored during listening to music for 30 minutes. The first response of MBFV increase was measured as time (Tmax) and percentage of amplitude change (Amax). Pearson Chi-Square test was used. In 78.85% of patients there was a significant increase in MBFV compared to baseline values as a reaction to the music. There was no significant difference in Tmax or Amax between the two groups. However, a trend of longer Tmax was observed with every 2 NIHSS score increase. Music is an auditory stimulus in stroke patients and can be measured with TCD as MCA MBFV increase. Although our study showed no significant change of reaction time with the severity of stroke, a trend of prolonged Tmax was observed with NIHSS score increase.
Inhibitory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 9-cis-retinoic acid on parathyroid hormone-related protein expression by oral cancer cells (HSC-3) (1998)

We investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) on parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) production and its mRNA expression by the human oral squamous carcinoma cell line (HSC-3). The major transcript of PTHrP was 1.5 kb in human HSC-3 cells. In the presence and absence of serum, 1,25(OH)2D3 produced dose-dependent inhibition of PTHrP gene expression and secretion. Significant inhibition by 1,25(OH)2D3 in the presence of serum was observed at 10(-10) M for mRNA expression and 10(-8) M for secretion, whereas under serum-free conditions, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly suppressed PTHrP mRNA expression at 10(-10) M and secretion at 10(-9) M. Thus the remainder of the experiments were performed under serum-free conditions. After 24 h of incubation, 9cRA decreased dose-dependently PTHrP mRNA expression and PTHrP secretion. Addition of 10(-7) M 1,25(OH)2D3 or 10(-7) M 9cRA to HSC-3 cells significantly suppressed PTHrp transcription within 1 h and the PTHrP secretion within 12 h. Maximal suppression of mRNA expression was maintained for 12-48 h. 9cRA caused a continuous decrease in PTHrP secretion for up to 48 h, whereas the inhibition of secretion by 1,25(OH)2D3 was transient and abolished by 48 h. Neither 1,25(OH)2D3 nor 9cRA altered the stability of PTHrP mRNA. The inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 9cRA on PTHrP mRNA expression was additive, whereas no additive effect was observed with regard to PTHrP secretion. These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 and 9cRA suppressed PTHrP production and mRNA expression in oral squamous cancer cells, and suggest that transcriptional suppression may act through binding of the heterodimer (vitamin D receptor-retinoid X receptor) to negatively responsive elements of the PTHrP gene.
A method for secure and efficient block cipher using white-box cryptography (2012)

Nowadays many information should be protected securely. Generally, they are encrypted by cryptographic algorithm. A secret value is used as encryption key which must not be exposed as public. However, the key can be extracted by adversary using white box attack. In the white box attack, the adversary is supposed to have full control of the target program's execution environment. A White-Box Cryptography is introduced to protect key from white box attack. In the previous research, white box cryptography is applied to symmetric key encryption. Although they provide protection mechanism from extracting key, they have disadvantages that are low performance and difficulty of key update. In this paper, we mentioned White-Box AES proposed by Chow et al. and improve its low performance and key update problem. We adopted composite mode using White-Box AES and Standard AES. Our scheme shows almost same performance with Standard AES and provides dynamic key approach effect. Moreover, it has a CPA-secure property and can be constructed for CCA-secure scheme with Message Authentication Code.