gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Directions in Contact Free Hand Recognition (2007)

The ability to quickly compute hand geometry measurements from a freely posed hand offers advantages to biometric identification systems. While hand geometry systems are not new, typical measurements of lengths and widths of fingers and palms require rigid placement of the hand against pegs. Slight deviations in hand position, finger stretch or pressure can yield different measurements. This paper offers novel approaches to computing hand geometry measurements from frontal views of freely posed hands. These approaches offer advantages in hygiene, comfort and reliability. Our algorithms segment the hand from a known background under spot lights and locate feature points along the fingers and wrists. Given a database of 54 hand images, with three different images of the same hand of each subject, our approach uniquely identified a previously unseen hand with an overall accuracy of 92%.
Discovery of PF-06873600, a CDK2/4/6 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer (2021)

Control of the cell cycle through selective pharmacological inhibition of CDK4/6 has proven beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer. Extending this level of control to additional cell cycle CDK isoforms represents an opportunity to expand to additional tumor types and potentially provide benefits to patients that develop tumors resistant to selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. However, broad-spectrum CDK inhibitors have a long history of failure due to safety concerns. In this approach, we describe the use of structure-based drug design and Free-Wilson analysis to optimize a series of CDK2/4/6 inhibitors. Further, we detail the use of molecular dynamics simulations to provide insights into the basis for selectivity against CDK9. Based on overall potency, selectivity, and ADME profile, PF-06873600 (<b>22</b>) was identified as a candidate for the treatment of cancer and advanced to phase 1 clinical trials.
Alkylating prazosin analog: irreversible label for .alpha.1-adrenoceptors (1989)

A series of prazosin analogues comprised of N-acyl derivatives of N'-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl)piperazine was prepared and the nature of their binding to alpha 1-adrenoceptors was investigated. Derivatives with alpha, beta-unsaturated acyclic acyls had some affinity but no irreversible action at the receptor. Other potent compounds, also without irreversible activity, contained cinnamoyl or (phenylamino)thiocarbonyl residues. High affinity and irreversible binding were obtained with a bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-dien-2-ylcarbonyl derivative. The conjugated double bond in this compound was in about the same position and distance from the pharmacophore as in some of the above compounds of high affinity but with no irreversible action. Two consecutive recognition steps were thought to be involved in irreversible blockade: reversible binding of the pharmacophore part of the molecule to the binding site of the receptor, followed by reaction of the chemoreactive part with an adjacent nucleophile of the receptor. The present results suggest that for the second step to occur efficiently, some affinity for the receptor must be present even in the chemoreactive part of the molecule; simple spanning of the binding and nucleophile sites of the receptor was insufficient.
Opportunistic spectrum access for mobile cognitive radios (2011)

Cognitive radios (CRs) can mitigate the impending spectrum scarcity problem by utilizing their capability of accessing licensed spectrum bands opportunistically. While most existing work focuses on enabling such opportunistic spectrum access for stationary CRs, mobility is an important concern to secondary users (SUs) because future mobile devices are expected to incorporate CR functionality. In this paper, we identify and address three fundamental challenges encountered specifically by mobile SUs. First, we model channel availability experienced by a mobile SU as a two-state continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) and verify its accuracy via in-depth simulation. Then, to protect primary/incumbent communications from SU interference, we introduce guard distance in the space domain and derive the optimal guard distance that maximizes the spatio-temporal spectrum opportunities available to mobile CRs. To facilitate efficient spectrum sharing, we formulate the problem of maximizing secondary network throughput within a convex optimization framework, and derive an optimal, distributed channel selection strategy. Our simulation results show that the proposed spectrum sensing and distributed channel access schemes improve network throughput and fairness significantly, and reduce SU energy consumption for spectrum sensing by up to 74%.
Liquid crystal optics for laser beam modulation (2006)

Liquid crystal devices are one of the suitable devices for wave-front modulation since its extra low operating voltages such as 1~3Vrms. In this paper, we will present about liquid crystal active prisms for laser beam steering and its characteristics to the temperature change which causes an undesired optical power. Further more, we will present a recent result of a variable focus lens using quantized GRIN lens technology.
High-performance InGaN/GaN Quantum-Disks-in-Nanowires Light-emitters for Monolithic Metal-Optoelectronics (2016)

The first droop-free, reliable, and high-power InGaN/GaN quantum-disks-in-nanowires light-emitting diode on molybdenum substrates was demonstrated. The high performance was achieved through the epitaxial growth of high-quality nanowires on the all-metal stack of TiN/Ti/Mo.
All-fiber add-drop wavelength-division multiplexer based on intermodal coupling (2001)

We demonstrate a novel all-fiber add-drop multiplexer by using a tilted Bragg grating written on a two-mode fiber and a mode-selective coupler. The device can be made potentially with low loss and low cost, useful for add-drop of a small number of channels in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) communication systems.
Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2004)

We review our work on two complementary and compatible techniques, namely direct laser writing and holographic lithography which are suitable for fabricating three-dimensional Photonic Crystal templates for the visible and near-infrared. The structures are characterized by electron micrographs and by optical spectroscopy, revealing their high optical quality.
Micro Fuel Cells (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Principles of Operation Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells New Concepts for Micro Fuel Cells Conclusions Acknowledgements
Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Centers with Porphyrins as Primary Electron Acceptors (2004)

A triad consisting of a carotenoid (C), a dimesitylporphyrin (P), and a tris(heptafluoropropyl)porphyrin (PF), C−P−PF, has been synthesized and found to undergo rapid singlet−singlet energy transfer between the porphyrin moieties so that their excited states are in equilibrium. Photoinduced electron transfer from the first excited singlet state of P, or hole transfer from the first excited singlet state of PF, yields C−P•+−PF•-. Electron transfer from C then yields the final charge-separated state C•+−P−PF•- with a quantum yield of 0.73 and a lifetime of 500 ns in tetrahydrofuran solution at ambient temperature. The final charge-separated state decays to form primarily a triplet excited state localized on the carotenoid, 3C−P−PF, rather than the ground state. A second triad in which P is metalated (PZn) has also been synthesized. In this system, the excited singlet states of the porphyrins are no longer in equilibrium; fast electron transfer from excited PZn to PF to form C−PZn•+−PF•- and also fast energy transfer from PZn to PF with subsequent hole transfer from PF to PZn converge to give the same C−PZn•+−PF•- species, which evolves to C•+−PZn−PF•- with a quantum yield of 0.14. This state decays to 3C−PZn−PF with a quantum yield of 0.06 in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The charge recombination reaction follows a single-step mechanism for C•+−P−PF•- from room temperature to 77 K and for C•+−PZn−PF•- below 250 K. Above 250 K, a two-step pathway is accessed for the recombination reaction of C•+−PZn−PF•- in addition to the direct recombination mechanism. This new pathway involves an endergonic step to populate C−PZn•+−PF•- having an Ea of ∼0.23 eV. Certain photophysical characteristics of these triads, in particular the recombination to the triplet state, are reminiscent of those of artificial reaction centers with C60 as the primary electron acceptor.
Fiber optic array splicing (1976)

A technique has been reported 1 that shows promise for field-splicing groups of optical fibers. Grooved aluminum chips were initially interleaved between linear arrays of optical fibers to form a precise two-dimensional array. This array was then potted to retain the precise geometry and polished to provide good ends on all the fibers at once. Two such arrays are brought together to form a butt joint splice. Improved chips are presently being used that yield greatly improved alignment. This alignment improvement promises a significant reduction over the array splice loss that was obtained with the original aluminum chips 1 (mean loss = 0.42 dB with 70% less than 0.5 dB).
Stability limit of human-in-the-loop model reference adaptive control architectures (2017)

Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) offers mathematical and design tools to effectively cope with many challenges of real-world control problems such as exogenous disturbances, system uncertainties and degraded modes of operations. On the other hand, when faced with human-in-the-loop settings, these controllers can lead to unstable system trajectories in certain applications. To establish an understanding of stability limitations of MRAC architectures in the presence of humans, here a mathematical framework is developed whereby an MRAC is designed in conjunction with a class of linear human models including human reaction delays. This framework is then used to reveal, through stability analysis tools, the stability limit of the MRAC–human closed-loop system and the range of model parameters respecting this limit. An illustrative numerical example of an adaptive flight control application with a Neal–Smith pilot model is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of developed approaches.
Phase Matching of High Harmonic Generation in the Water Window and Beyond at High Pressures using mid-IR Lasers (2009)

We demonstrate that using longer-wavelength driving light in high-order harmonic generation requires moderately ionized larger-density atoms to perfectly phase match the process, scaling conventional phase matching at low ionization to extremely high photon energies.
Structural characterization of the exocellular polysaccharides produced by Streptococcus thermophilus SFi39 and SFi12 (1997)

We investigated the structures of the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus SFi39 and SFi12. Both polymers were found to have molecular masses of greater than 2 x 10(6) Da. The SFi39 EPS consisted of D-glucose and D-galactose in a molar ratio of 1:1, whereas the SFi12 EPS was composed of D-galactose, L-rhamnose, and D-glucose in a molar ratio of 3:2:1. Methylation analysis of and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra recorded from the native polysaccharide, as well as oligosaccharides released by partial acid hydrolysis, allowed the complete structural determination of the SFi39 EPS, which consists of the following tetrasaccharide repeating unit: [formula: see text] Similar spectra recorded only from the native polysaccharide were sufficient to allow the structural determination of the SFi12 EPS, which consists of the following hexasaccharide repeating unit: [formula: see text] This study shows that the texturizing properties of different S. thermophilus ropy strains are based on the production of EPSs exhibiting chemical similarities but structural differences.
Thermal and mechanical reliability of low-temperature solder alloys for handheld devices (2014)

Low temperature alloys are used to achieve peak reflow temperatures from 170 to 200°C. Sn-Bi alloy stands as logic choices due to its low melting point, higher strength and low cost. However, use of Sn42-Bi58 alloy as soldering material is limited by a series of drawbacks such as low ductility, and poor thermal and mechanical reliability. Here we show how the use of micro-additives in eutectic Sn-Bi alloys improves thermal fatigue and mechanical shock properties. The basic properties of the new alloys shown here were fully characterized and their use in SMT applications evaluated, especially in drop shock and temperature cycling tests. Among the new alloys proposed, alloy B demonstrates superior mechanical properties, thermal cycling, drop shock and creep resistance, against benchmarks. Use of this new alloy in applications such as portable devices, PV ribbons and high efficiency LEDs will be highly beneficial due to its superior performance.
Optimizing a dynamical decoupling protocol for solid-state electronic spin ensembles in diamond (2015)

We demonstrate significant improvements of the spin coherence time of a dense ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond through optimized dynamical decoupling (DD). Cooling the sample down to 77 K suppresses longitudinal spin relaxation ${T}_{1}$ effects and DD microwave pulses are used to increase the transverse coherence time ${T}_{2}$ from $\ensuremath{\sim}0.7\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ms}$ up to $\ensuremath{\sim}30\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ms}$. We extend previous work of single-axis (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) DD towards the preservation of arbitrary spin states. Following a theoretical and experimental characterization of pulse and detuning errors, we compare the performance of various DD protocols. We identify that the optimal control scheme for preserving an arbitrary spin state is a recursive protocol, the concatenated version of the XY8 pulse sequence. The improved spin coherence might have an immediate impact on improvements of the sensitivities of ac magnetometry. Moreover, the protocol can be used on denser diamond samples to increase coherence times up to NV-NV interaction time scales, a major step towards the creation of quantum collective NV spin states.
Morphological Characteristics and Susceptibility of Basil Species and Cultivars to Peronospora belbahrii (2016)

Sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum ) is the most economically important culinary herb in the United States. In 2007, a new disease, basil downy mildew (BDM), caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora belbahrii , was introduced into the United States and has since caused significant losses in commercial basil production. Although no commercial sweet basils available are resistant to P. belbahrii , other species of Ocimum have exhibited potential tolerance, resistance, or both. The objectives of this work were to determine if leaf morphological characteristics including stomata density and leaf curvature correlated with infection of plants by P. belbahrii , and thus could be used as selected characters in plant breeding. In 2011, 20 Ocimum cultivars including sweet ( O. basilicum ), cinnamon ( O. basilicum ), clove ( O. basilicum ), citrus ( Ocimum × africanum syn. Ocimum citriodorum ), spice ( Ocimum americanum syn. Ocimum canum ), and holy basils ( Ocimum tenuiflorum syn. Ocimum sanctum ) were evaluated for susceptibility to downy mildew. Sweet basils were determined to be the most susceptible; cinnamon, clove, and Thai types were moderately susceptible; and citrus, spice, and holy types were least susceptible to downy mildew. Using those same 20 Ocimum species and cultivars, stomata length and density and leaf curvature were measured and correlated with downy mildew incidence and severity. In general, basil species with higher stomatal densities had higher downy mildew incidence and severity. High stomatal densities were mainly found in the sweet, cinnamon, and clove basils. Citrus and spice species with longer stomatal lengths generally exhibited lower downy mildew incidence. Holy basil, the least susceptible of all Ocimum sp. to P. belbahrii evaluated in this study, had the greatest stomatal density and shortest stomatal length. Some sweet basil cultivars with the highest downy mildew incidence also had the greatest downward leaf curvature, whereas other sweet basil cultivars with moderate downy mildew incidence had leaves that were nearly flat or curved upward. Holy, citrus, and spice basils with low downy mildew incidence had leaves that were nearly flat or curved upward. This study suggests that leaf curvature and stomatal density and length affect downy mildew development and sporulation. Considerations of these leaf morphological characteristics may be useful phenotypic traits in breeding for downy mildew resistance in Ocimum .
A deterministic analysis method for back-feed power restoration of distribution networks (2009)

This paper presents a deterministic algorithm that identifies a back-feed restoration strategy to restore the out-of-service load due to fault isolation while ensuring that the post-restoration network has a valid configuration. The algorithm is based on the concepts of network tracing and it supports both single-path and multi-path restoration. In case the network components are too stressed and even the multi-path restoration cannot restore all the out-of-service loads, the algorithm tries to shed minimal load while restoring as many other loads as possible. Capability of the algorithm is demonstrated with a few back-feed restoration solution examples.
Simple Scalable Fabrication of Laser-Induced Graphene Composite Membranes for Water Treatment (2021)

Laser-induced graphene (LIG)-polymer composite materials might be potentially useful in many applications, including water purification technology. For example, water treatment membranes with antibacterial and antibiofouling surfaces that could utilize the electrically conductive property of the surface are envisioned. Polymer composites consisting of LIG fabricated on porous surfaces such as water treatment membranes are mechanically robust, and the solute rejection properties of the membrane can also be tailored. With a goal of assessing the future large-scale fabrication of this membrane configuration, here we established a simple method of coating and cross-linking poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on LIG membrane supports. Ultrafiltration membranes with sizes of ≤20 cm × ≤30 cm were used as substrates to make conductive LIG porous surfaces using a 10.6 μm CO2 pulsed laser, after which 2.5% PVA/glutaraldehyde was coated and immediately cross-linked at 175 °C using a heat gun. The 2.5% LIG-PVA composite membranes showed good surface conductivity, mechanical–thermal stability, and high permeability ranging from 900 to 1300 LMH bar–1. Permeate water with 0.60 NTU was obtained using feedwater containing sludge from a membrane bioreactor, and 10- and 25-fold decreases in COD and BOD, respectively, were observed. An enhanced removal of bacteria was observed at 2.5 V during filtration. This work demonstrates a method to scale up LIG composite membranes, a crucial step that is necessary in determining their commercial potential in water technology applications.
Unique requirements for retinoid-dependent transcriptional activation by the orphan receptor LXR. (1997)

LXR is an orphan nuclear receptor that confers retinoid responsiveness to the retinoid X receptor (RXR) by its interaction on a specific response element called an LXRE. To understand the mechanism of this response, three characteristics were identified that are crucial to activation of the RXR-LXR complex. First, the orientation of the RXR-LXR heterodimer on DNA indicates that as the ligand-binding partner, RXR occupies the 5' half-site of the response element. Next, the sequence specificity of the LXRE was determined in order to identify residues required for retinoid activation of the heterodimer. Remarkably, subtle changes in the nucleotide sequence of the LXRE half-sites that do not substantially alter DNA binding of the RXR-LXR heterodimer have a significant effect on the ability of the complex to be activated by ligand. Finally, we characterized the contributions of the activation domains of each receptor to the trans-activation potential of the RXR-LXR heterodimer. Surprisingly, our results show that only the activation domain of LXR is required for retinoid activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the existence of a unique form of communication between heterodimer partners in which the activation potential of one receptor (LXR) is enabled by ligand binding to its partner (RXR). Furthermore, we conclude that RXR ligand activation potential is not dictated solely by its position on DNA, but is influenced by other factors such as the receptor partner and sequence of the response element.
ICP0 Dismantles Microtubule Networks in Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Cells (2010)

Infected-cell protein 0 (ICP0) is a RING finger E3 ligase that regulates herpes simplex virus (HSV) mRNA synthesis, and strongly influences the balance between latency and replication of HSV. For 25 years, the nuclear functions of ICP0 have been the subject of intense scrutiny. To obtain new clues about ICP0's mechanism of action, we constructed HSV-1 viruses that expressed GFP-tagged ICP0. To our surprise, both GFP-tagged and wild-type ICP0 were predominantly observed in the cytoplasm of HSV-infected cells. Although ICP0 is exclusively nuclear during the immediate-early phase of HSV infection, further analysis revealed that ICP0 translocated to the cytoplasm during the early phase where it triggered a previously unrecognized process; ICP0 dismantled the microtubule network of the host cell. A RING finger mutant of ICP0 efficiently bundled microtubules, but failed to disperse microtubule bundles. Synthesis of ICP0 proved to be necessary and sufficient to disrupt microtubule networks in HSV-infected and transfected cells. Plant and animal viruses encode many proteins that reorganize microtubules. However, this is the first report of a viral E3 ligase that regulates microtubule stability. Intriguingly, several cellular E3 ligases orchestrate microtubule disassembly and reassembly during mitosis. Our results suggest that ICP0 serves a dual role in the HSV life cycle, acting first as a nuclear regulator of viral mRNA synthesis and acting later, in the cytoplasm, to dismantle the host cell's microtubule network in preparation for virion synthesis and/or egress.
Purified Recombinant Fmrp Exhibits Selective RNA Binding as an Intrinsic Property of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (1998)

Fragile X syndrome is caused by the transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene due to a trinucleotide repeat expansion. The encoded protein, Fmrp, has been found to be a nucleocytoplasmic RNA-binding protein containing both KH domains and RGG boxes that associates with polyribosomes as a ribonucleoprotein particle. RNA binding has previously been demonstrated with in vitro-translated Fmrp; however, it remained uncertain whether the selective RNA binding observed was an intrinsic property of Fmrp or required an associated protein(s). Here, baculovirus-expressed and affinity-purified FLAG-tagged murine Fmrp was shown to bind directly to both ribonucleotide homopolymers and human brain mRNA. FLAG-Fmrp exhibited selectivity for binding poly(G) > poly(U) >> poly(C) or poly(A). Moreover, purified FLAG-Fmrp bound to only a subset of brain mRNA, including the 3' untranslated regions of myelin basic protein message and its own message. Recombinant isoform 4, lacking the RGG boxes but maintaining both KH domains, was also purified and was found to only weakly interact with RNA. FLAG-purified I304N Fmrp, harboring the mutation of severe fragile X syndrome, demonstrated RNA binding, in contrast to previous suggestions. These data demonstrate the intrinsic property of Fmrp to selectively bind RNA and show FLAG-Fmrp as a suitable reagent for structural characterization and identification of cognate RNA ligands.