gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Technical Factors Affecting pH and Other Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate (2005)

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH appears to be a robust measure of asthma. However, the association between EBC pH and clinical factors and airway inflammatory markers remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate the factors determining EBC pH in asthmatic children, and the reproducibility and effects of collection devices on EBC pH in nine healthy, nonsmoking adults. EBC was collected once from asthmatic children using EcoScreen, and from adults over 3 consecutive days using both RTubes and EcoScreen. EBC pH was measured immediately in non-deaerated samples by microelectrode pH meter. Concentrations of 8-isoprostane, cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LT), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FeNO) was measured by chemiluminescence. Fifty-eight asthmatics (16 intermittent, 12 mild persistent, and 30 moderate-to-severe persistent) were recruited. EBC pH was lower among patients with moderate-to-severe persistent than intermittent asthma (P = 0.046). This marker correlated inversely with disease severity score (rho = -0.276, P = 0.036), but not FeNO or other EBC biomarkers. Bland-Altman analyses found pH but not other EBC biomarkers to be reproducible, which were confirmed by its low coefficient of variation (2.7%; range, 0.4-5.2%). There was poor correlation between pH in EBC collected by RTube and EcoScreen (rho = 0.059, P = 0.784). Factor analysis selected four factors that explained 67.5% of the total variance, and EBC pH clustered with both cys-LT and LTB4. In conclusion, our results suggest that pH in non-deaerated EBC is influenced by asthma severity in children. EBC pH measurement is reproducible, but is dependent on the collection devices used.
Low loss GaInNAs/GaAs gain waveguides with U-bend geometry for single-facet coupling in hybrid photonic integration (2018)

We report a low loss U-bend waveguide for realization of GaAs-based gain elements employed in hybrid photonic integration. This architecture allows us to position the input and output ports of the gain waveguide on the same facet and thus alleviates the geometrical constrains in hybrid integration, i.e., the need for precise alignment with silicon photonic waveguides on both ends of the III–V chip. As an exemplary demonstration, we report the loss and gain characteristics of GaInNAs/GaAs U-bend waveguides operating at 1.3 μm. In particular, we demonstrate a bending loss as low as 1.1 dB for an 83 μm bending radius. Efficient laser diode operation is also demonstrated.
RADIOFREQUENCY PERFORMANCES OF TRANSPARENT ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNAS (2011)

In this paper, optically transparent ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antennas in S-band and Cband are presented, compared and discussed. Three transparent UWB antennas elaborated from the AgGL (Silver Grid Layer) material with various levels of transparency (54.5%, 73.4% and 80.3%) and of sheet resistances 0.018 /sq, 0.022 /sq and 0.052 /sq, respectively are tested. The radiofrequency measurements show performances very close to those of a light reflecting reference antenna made of a continuous silver/titanium bilayer (0.0026 /sq sheet resistance). Conversely, the fourth transparent antenna, made of usual transparent conducting oxide/metal multilayer presents significant ohmic losses and weak radiofrequency performances. The gains of the UWB AgGL antennas are similar to that of the reference antenna ( 6 dBi max.). Whereas the gain of the transparent multilayer antenna always stays 2 dB lower than that of the reference. This work demonstrates the relevance of AgGL coating in the fabrication of transparent UWB antennas with high radiation efficiency.
Clinical Features and Revised Diagnostic Criteria in Joubert Syndrome (1999)

The clinical presentation of children with Joubert syndrome can include nonspecific features such as hypotonia, ataxia, and developmental delay. Careful examination of the face shows a characteristic appearance, and a neuro-ophthalmologic examination shows the presence of oculomotor apraxia. In the neonatal period, most children have hyperpnea intermixed with central apnea. Neuroimaging of the head in the axial plane demonstrates the "molar tooth sign"--deep posterior interpeduncular fossa, thick and elongated superior cerebellar peduncles, and hypoplastic or aplastic superior cerebellar vermis. The central nervous system malformation spectrum observed in radiologic and neuropathologic studies accounts for many clinical features of Joubert syndrome. The developmental delay and cognitive impairment cannot be fully explained by the hindbrain malformation and probably result from dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres. Although related conditions with vermian hypoplasia or aplasia (including Arima; Senior-Loken; and cerebellar vermian hypoplasia, oligophrenia, congenital ataxia, coloboma, and hepatic fibrosis syndromes) can mimic Joubert syndrome, detailed imaging data are lacking in such cases. We propose a revision in diagnostic criteria for Joubert syndrome.
Outcomes of internal hemipelvectomy for pelvic tumors: a developing country’s prospective (2017)

Introduction: Previously, external hemipelvectomy was the mainstay of treatment for pelvic tumors. However, with technological advancements, limb salvage procedures such as internal hemipelvectomy have emerged as a viable alternative. However, there is limited literature available on long-term outcomes and complications of internal hemipelvectomy, especially from developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to share our experience of internal hemipelvectomy at a tertiary care center in a developing country. Materials and methods: A retrospective review was conducted in which all 24 patients undergoing internal hemipelvectomy from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015 at our institution were included. Medical record files were reviewed for intraoperative and early and late postoperative complications, and functional outcomes were assessed by contacting each patient on telephone. Results: Ewing sarcoma was found to be the most common diagnosis, followed by osteosarcoma as the second most common. The mean follow-up period was 18.7 ± 13.9 months. Intraoperatively there were 4 cases of iatrogenic neurovascular injury and 2 cases each of urinary tract injury and dural tear. Four patients developed early wound infections, 7 developed late wound infections, and 2 developed flap necrosis. Three patients developed recurrence, whereas 7 patients developed metastasis postoperatively. The mean survival was calculated to be 28 months and the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 19.3 ± 5.2. Conclusions: Outcomes and prevalence of complications shown in this study are comparable to those in the international literature, which suggests that hemipelvectomy is a viable option in developing countries also. However, more such studies are warranted to validate the findings and to identify the challenges and morbidities associated with hemipelvectomy in Asian and developing countries.
Overview of pharmacologic agents for acid suppression in critically ill patients (2005)

Both H2RAs and PPIs are safe agents to use for providing acid suppression in critically ill patients, but PPIs offer several potential advantages over H2RAs.
Preparation of a uniform poly(methyl methacrylate) macromonomer and its polymerization (1997)

Abstract Syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (st‐PMMA) macromonomer having methacryloyl end group was prepared from st‐PMMA living anion and separated into uniform macromonomers by means of supercritical fluid chromatography. A uniform macromonomer with the degree of polymerization of 32 was polymerized radically in benzene at 60°C. The uniform dimer, trimer and tetramer of the uniform macromonomer were isolated from the polymerization product by means of gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC). The intrinsic viscosity ([η]) in tetrahydrofuran of these uniform comblike polymers was determined by GPC/differential viscometric analysis. The plot of logarithmic [η] against logarithmic molecular weight indicated that the trimer and tetramer assume a little shrinking molecular shape as compared with the unimer and dimer.
Revisiting the Nystrom Method for Improved Large-Scale Machine Learning (2013)

We reconsider randomized algorithms for the low-rank approximation of symmetric positive semi-definite (SPSD) matrices such as Laplacian and kernel matrices that arise in data analysis and machine learning applications. Our main results consist of an empirical evaluation of the performance quality and running time of sampling and projection methods on a diverse suite of SPSD matrices. Our results highlight complementary aspects of sampling versus projection methods; they characterize the effects of common data preprocessing steps on the performance of these algorithms; and they point to important differences between uniform sampling and nonuniform sampling methods based on leverage scores. In addition, our empirical results illustrate that existing theory is so weak that it does not provide even a qualitative guide to practice. Thus, we complement our empirical results with a suite of worst-case theoretical bounds for both random sampling and random projection methods. These bounds are qualitatively superior to existing bounds---e.g. improved additive-error bounds for spectral and Frobenius norm error and relative-error bounds for trace norm error---and they point to future directions to make these algorithms useful in even larger-scale machine learning applications.
Detailed comparison of communication efficiency of split learning and\n federated learning (2019)

We compare communication efficiencies of two compelling distributed machine\nlearning approaches of split learning and federated learning. We show useful\nsettings under which each method outperforms the other in terms of\ncommunication efficiency. We consider various practical scenarios of\ndistributed learning setup and juxtapose the two methods under various\nreal-life scenarios. We consider settings of small and large number of clients\nas well as small models (1M - 6M parameters), large models (10M - 200M\nparameters) and very large models (1 Billion-100 Billion parameters). We show\nthat increasing number of clients or increasing model size favors split\nlearning setup over the federated while increasing the number of data samples\nwhile keeping the number of clients or model size low makes federated learning\nmore communication efficient.\n
Low cost FTTH system based on PDS architecture (2002)

It is important to realize an economical optical access system that can provide various multimedia services as well as conventional telephone services. We introduce a cost effective system design and a flexible layer structure for a passive double star (PDS) system based on time compression multiplexing/time division multiple access (TCM/TDMA) technologies, a single fiber, and a single wavelength. This optical access system can be upgraded to support high-speed services with the introduction of the WDM technique. Performance evaluation results of the developed system show the validity of the system design. This PDS system will contribute to the development of optical access systems for FTTH (fiber-to-the-home).
DELIVERY OF CU/ZN-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE GENES WITH A VIRAL VECTOR MINIMIZES LIVER INJURY AND IMPROVES SURVIVAL AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN THE RAT1 (2000)

This study provides clear evidence for the first time that gene therapy with Ad-SOD1 increases survival and decreases hepatic injury after liver transplantation. Genetic modification of the liver represents a future approach to protect organs against injury where oxygen-derived free radicals are involved.
Up in the clouds: A taxonomical analysis of network management functionalities from a network as a service perspective (2012)

The externalization of network control and maintenance tasks, enabled by the emerging Networking as a Service (NaaS) paradigm, is an appealing opportunity for large Telcos to expand their network management offering to SMEs. In this paper we propose an architecture for network control and management capable of efficiently supporting the NaaS paradigm. Our methodology is based on a set of orthogonal requirements that forms the platform to assess the admissibility of different network management functions in the remote management plane. Such assessments are realized based on the taxonomical evaluation of the management functions classified according to the requirements they impose on the remote management plane in terms of security and robustness. Experimental results obtained from a proof-of-concept implementation deployed over a large scale testbed composed of about 500 WiFi Access Points shows that the signaling traffic for a practical implementation supporting not trivial autonomic control loops is lower that 20 bytes/s for each node. Moreover, the latency to execute administrative actions is in most cases in the order of 70 ms.
Online visual vocabulary pruning using pairwise constraints (2010)

Given a pair of images represented using bag-of-visual-words and a label corresponding to whether the images are “related”(must-link constraint) or “unrelated” (cannot-link constraint), we address the problem of selecting a subset of visual words that are salient in explaining the relation between the image pair. In particular, a subset of features is selected such that the distance computed using these features satisfies the given pairwise constraints. An efficient online feature selection algorithm is presented based on the dual-gradient descent approach. Side information in the form of pair-wise constraints is incorporated into the feature selection stage, providing the user with flexibility to use an unsupervised or semi-supervised algorithm at a later stage. Correlated subsets of visual words, usually resulting from hierarchical quantization process (called groups), are exploited to select a significantly smaller vocabulary. A group-LASSO regularizer is used to drive as many feature weights to zero as possible. We evaluate the quality of the pruned vocabulary by clustering the data using the resulting feature subset. Experiments on PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset using 5000 visual keywords, resulted in around 80% reduction in the number of keywords, with little or no loss in performance.
Comparison of three humanized mouse models for adoptive T cell transfer (2012)

In the present study, we give proof-of-concept that wild-type mice can accept gm T cell grafts while providing secondary lymphoid structures. Despite limitations, mT3 mice are a valid alternative for applications that specifically rely on improved secondary lymphoid structures.
Diagnostic Detection of Human Lung Cancer-Associated Antigen Using a Gold Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor (2010)

The development of rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of immunogenic tumor-associated antigen is important not only for understanding their roles in cancer immunology but also for the development of clinical diagnostics. Alpha-enolase (ENO1), a p48 molecule, is widely distributed in a variety of tissues, whereas gamma-enolase (ENO2) and beta-enolase (ENO3) are found exclusively in neuron/neuroendocrine and muscle tissues, respectively. Because ENO1 has been correlated with small cell lung cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and head and neck cancer, it can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for lung cancer. In this study, we developed a simple, yet novel and sensitive, electrochemical sandwich immunosensor for the detection of ENO1; it operates through physisorption of anti-ENO1 monoclonal antibody on polyethylene glycol-modified disposable screen-printed electrode as the detection platform, with polyclonal secondary anti-ENO1-tagged, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) congregates as electrochemical signal probes. The immunorecognition of the sample ENO1 by the congregated AuNP@antibody occurred on the surface of the electrodes; the electrochemical signal from the bound AuNP congregates was obtained after oxidizing them in 0.1 M HCl at 1.2 V for 120 s, followed by the reduction of AuCl(4-) in square wave voltammetry (SWV) mode. The resulting sigmoidally shaped dose-response curves possessed a linear dynamic working range from 10(-8) to 10(-12) g/mL. This AuNP congregate-based assay provides an amplification approach for detecting ENO1 at trace levels, leading to a detection limit as low as 11.9 fg (equivalent to 5 microL of a 2.38 pg/mL solution).
The electronic structure of chalcogenide solids: A photoemission study of ordered and disordered selenium and tellurium (1974)

Photoemission studies in the energy range up to 11 eV of cleaved trigonal crystals and evaporated films of selenium and tellurium prepared in a variety of ways, are described. Photoelectric yields, thresholds and work functions have been established. The electronic band structures for selenium and tellurium determined by experiment are compared with calculations.
“Search, Show Context, Expand on Demand”: Supporting Large Graph Exploration with Degree-of-Interest (2009)

A common goal in graph visualization research is the design of novel techniques for displaying an overview of an entire graph. However, there are many situations where such an overview is not relevant or practical for users, as analyzing the global structure may not be related to the main task of the users that have semi-specific information needs. Furthermore, users accessing large graph databases through an online connection or users running on less powerful (mobile) hardware simply do not have the resources needed to compute these overviews. In this paper, we advocate an interaction model that allows users to remotely browse the immediate context graph around a specific node of interest. We show how Furnas' original degree of interest function can be adapted from trees to graphs and how we can use this metric to extract useful contextual subgraphs, control the complexity of the generated visualization and direct users to interesting datapoints in the context. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with an exploration of a dense online database containing over 3 million legal citations.
Structure of the BTB Domain of Keap1 and Its Interaction with the Triterpenoid Antagonist CDDO (2014)

The protein Keap1 is central to the regulation of the Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective response, and is increasingly recognized as an important target for therapeutic intervention in a range of diseases involving excessive oxidative stress and inflammation. The BTB domain of Keap1 plays key roles in sensing environmental electrophiles and in mediating interactions with the Cul3/Rbx1 E3 ubiquitin ligase system, and is believed to be the target for several small molecule covalent activators of the Nrf2 pathway. However, despite structural information being available for several BTB domains from related proteins, there have been no reported crystal structures of Keap1 BTB, and this has precluded a detailed understanding of its mechanism of action and interaction with antagonists. We report here the first structure of the BTB domain of Keap1, which is thought to contain the key cysteine residue responsible for interaction with electrophiles, as well as structures of the covalent complex with the antagonist CDDO/bardoxolone, and of the constitutively inactive C151W BTB mutant. In addition to providing the first structural confirmation of antagonist binding to Keap1 BTB, we also present biochemical evidence that adduction of Cys 151 by CDDO is capable of inhibiting the binding of Cul3 to Keap1, and discuss how this class of compound might exert Nrf2 activation through disruption of the BTB-Cul3 interface.
Mathematical Modeling of Gravity Drainage After Gas Injection into Fractured Reservoirs (1996)

Abstract This paper addresses mathematical modeling of free-fall gravity drainage which is believed to occur in naturally fractured reservoirs after depletion of oil in the fractures or gas injection into the fractured system. Comparison of wetting phase recoveries calculated using existing math-ematical models with experimental data indicates the in-accuracy of these models. The causes of error are identified to be the unrealistic assumptions made in formulation of the models. Based on Darcy's law and film flow theory, we have developed a new mathematical model to describe the free-fall gravity drainage process, A simple non-linear governing equation for phase demarcator in dimensionless form was formulated and solved numerically as a function of dimensionless time. Based on the dimensionless demarcator, fluid recovery during free-fall gravity drainage is calculated. Comparisons of wetting phase recoveries given by the new model with 20 sets of experimental data obtained under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions for a variety of fluids and cores show much better accuracy of the model over the existing models. Using the dimensionless time, tD — ke∆𝜌gt/𝜇L, fluid recovery obtained from laboratory studies can be scaled to field applications for estimation of projected oil recoveries in oil fields. We have also applied the new model to simulation of free-fall gravity drainage under non-equilibrium conditions where molecular diffusion between phases is considered. Experimental oil recovery data obtained from CO2 injection into a Berea core and a reservoir sandstone core, which were saturated with separator oil, have been matched by the model using empirical correlations for fluid properties. The objective of this paper is to provide reservoir engineers with a useful tool for estimating the oil recovery from fractured reservoirs after gas injection.
<title>Iodine Sensitivity Of Digital Imaging Systems</title> (1981)

One of the most successful applications of digital radiography systems thusfar has been the imaging of vasculature opacified by intravenously administered contrast agents using temporal subtraction. Because the contrast in the arterial structures of interest is small as a consequence of the dilution due to the intravenous injection, it is essential that such imaging systems have high contrast sensitivity. This paper discusses means to assess the contrast sensitivity of imaging systems using iodinated phantoms and temporal subtraction. A difference image is shown demonstrating a 1 mm vessel containing 0.5 mg/cm2 of iodine, i.e. less than 1% radiographic contrast. Initial CDD results are presented. Dependence of CDD analysis on video signal level is demonstrated. The effects of x-ray scatter and image intensifier veiling glare are predicted and measured experimentally. Contrast levels in two digital fluorographic clinical procedures are estimated.
Orthogonal halogen and hydrogen bonds involving a peptide bond model (2014)

The peptide bond model <i>N</i>-methylacetamide self-assembles with a range of dihalotetrafluorobenzenes forming co-crystals that all show the occurrence of orthogonal hydrogen and halogen bonds.
X-Ray Lithography: A Complementary Technique to Electron Beam Lithography (1973)

X-ray lithography provides a means of replicating, in a single large-area exposure, submicron linewidth patterns made by scanning electron beam lithography. The technique is complementary to existing electron beam technology, and provides a number of unique advantages: (i) it is simple and inexpensive; (ii) the penetrating character of x-rays makes it relatively insensitive to contamination; (iii) both positive and negative type resists can be used; and (iv) because of the absence of backscattering effects, both positive and negative type patterns can be made with equal facility. Exposure times of seven minutes have been achieved for 3 μ mask-sample gaps. This can be decreased to less than one minute by using a rotating anode, or by reducing the mask-sample gap. The most recent results in x-ray lithography are reported, including the fabrication of surface wave devices. The elements of a multiple-mask alignment system are described. This system should permit the rapid and automatic superposition on a substrate of patterns from several different masks, to a precision of 1/10 μ.