gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coil Block Designs With Good Homogeneity for MRI Magnets Based on SVD Eigenmode Strengths (2015)

This paper describes an improved method to determine coil block (CB) placements with good homogeneities for magnetic resonance imaging magnets. Each magnet has a main coil (MC) for strong magnetic fields in a volume of interest and a shield coil (SC) to make the magnetic fields weak outside the magnet. The CB placements are done in three steps and at every step, the SC magnetic moments are tuned. In step 1, approximate placements are done with axially distributed circular filament loop currents. According to the distribution, rough placements of CBs are done for the MC. In step 2, the CB cross-sectional shapes and positions are optimized to get good homogeneity with real numbers of winding turns. In step 3, the CB shapes are approximated with integer numbers of winding turns and conductor sizes, and the CB positions are tuned to get as good homogeneities as the step 1 result. In all steps, optimizations are done through truncated singular value decompositions. In steps 2 and 3, the placements are done with respect to eigenmode strengths, which are obtained in step 1. For a magnet with six MC-CBs, seven symmetric eigenmode strengths are tuned. The CB placements for magnets can be obtained with good homogeneities and integerized CB winding turns using the method.
Shared tag for MMU and cache memory (2002)

In this paper, we propose a shared tag memory through which both TLB and cache memory can be accessed. The shared tag architecture reduces the area of conventional cache tag memory and also improves the speed of cache system. To validate the proposed architecture, we conducted trace-driven simulations and measured the area and speed based on VLSI circuits.
Introduction (2013)

Extract In the seventy-five years from the mid-1890s to the end of the 1960s the structure, scale, and character of Oxford University Press changed radically, yet in some ways remained basically the same. The phrase ‘the Press’ at any particular time could range in meaning from the worldwide publishing business to, specifically, the Clarendon Press, which in the early part of the century was managed by Charles Cannan. Cannan was the mastermind of the Press as we know it today. He held the title Secretary to the Delegates for twenty-one years, 1898 to 1919. Like all his immediate successors, Cannan was a classicist. He was reputed to be the only person who could define the actuality of the Clarendon Press, but he had such a formidable personality that no one dared ask what it was. In Oxford college circles, the purpose of the Press was generally if only vaguely known: to...
Binding of A/T-rich DNA by Three High Mobility Group-like Domains in c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase (1996)

The c-Abl tyrosine kinase has been shown previously to bind DNA. Using polymerase chain reaction-based binding site-selection methods, no consensus high affinity binding site for c-Abl was found. Instead, oligonucleotides with runs of A/T sequences were isolated, and purified c-Abl was shown to bind A/T-containing oligonucleotides better than those without A/T sequences. DNA binding of c-Abl was dependent on three high mobility group 1-like boxes (HLBs), which bound cooperatively to the A/T-rich oligonucleotides. To distinguish binding to A/T sequences per se from binding to nonspecific DNA with a bend at the A/T-rich region, two oligonucleotides were compared for binding to c-Abl. Both oligonucleotides contained A/T sequences. In one, the A/T motif was part of an 80-mer duplex DNA. In another, the A/T motif was in the duplex arm of an 80-mer "bubble DNA" containing an internal unpaired 20-mer region to provide a flexible hinge. Interestingly, the HLBs of c-Abl bound better to the oligonucleotide containing the bubble, suggesting a higher affinity for bent DNA rather than A/T sequences per se. Taken together, these observations define a new class of DNA binding domains, the HLBs, which do not bind DNA with a high degree of sequence specificity, but may selectively bind to bent DNA or to sequences that are easier to distort.
Automatic Single-Organ Segmentation in Computed Tomography Images (2006)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for automatic single-organ segmentation in computed tomography (CT) data. The approach consists of three stages: first, a probability image of the organ of interest is obtained by applying a binary classification model obtained using pixel-based texture features; second, an adaptive split-and-merge segmentation algorithm is applied on the organ probability image to remove the noise introduced by the misclassified pixels; and third, the segmented organ's boundaries from the previous stage are iteratively refined using a region growing algorithm. While we applied our approach for liver segmentation in 2-D CT images, a challenging and important task in many medical applications, the proposed approach can be applied for the segmentation of any other organ in CT images. Moreover, the proposed approach can be extended to perform automatic multiple organ segmentation and to build context-sensitive reporting tools for computer-aided diagnosis applications.
Domain structure of the single crystal hexagonal ferrite, Co/sub 2/X (1990)

Domain patterns on both basal and axial surfaces of single crystals of the hexagonal ferrite Ba/sub 2/Co/sub 2/Fe/sub 28/O/sub 46/ have been studied with the Bitter technique. Patterns on the basal sections show a well-defined six-fold symmetry with 60 degrees , 120 degrees , and 180 degrees walls. Surfaces containing the c-axis show unusual features. It is suggested that the overall domain behavior is best explained by assuming that the ferrite has an easy cone with a large semiangle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Screening for Suicide Risk in Adults: A Summary of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2004)

Background: Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death and the seventh leading cause of years of potential life lost in the United States. Although suicide is of great public health significance, its clinical management is complicated. Purpose: The authors systematically reviewed the literature to determine whether screening for suicide risk in primary care settings decreases morbidity, mortality, or both. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1966 to 17 October 2002), PsycINFO, Cochrane databases, hand-searched bibliographies, and experts. Study Selection: For screening, only English-language studies performed in primary care settings were examined. For treatment, randomized, controlled trials and cohort studies were included if they were performed in any setting where suicide completions, suicide attempts, or suicidal ideation were reported. Data Extraction: A primary reviewer abstracted data on key variables of study sample, design, and outcomes; a second reviewer checked information accuracy against the original articles. Data Synthesis: No study directly addressed whether screening for suicide in primary care reduces morbidity and mortality. The remainder of the review focused on the questions of reliable screening tests for suicide risk and the effectiveness of interventions to decrease depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts or completion. One screening study provided limited evidence for the accuracy of suicide screening in a primary care setting. Intervention studies provided fair and mixed evidence that treating those at risk for suicide reduces the number of suicide attempts or completions. The evidence suggests mild to moderate improvement for interventions addressing intermediate outcomes such as suicidal ideation, decreased depressive severity, decreased hopelessness, or improved level of function. Conclusion: Because of the complexity of studying the risk for suicide and the paucity of well-designed research studies, only limited evidence guides the primary care clinician's assessment and management of suicide risk.
SARS Researchers Report New Animal Models (2003)

WASHINGTON, D.C.—Scientists have reported three new animal models that could provide relatively cheap and practical ways to test drugs and vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the disease that erupted from southern China last spring but was stamped out by summer. Researchers at the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) said at a meeting here last week that they have managed to get the SARS virus to replicate in mice; separately, a team from the Netherlands says it has infected two bigger animals with the virus.
Functional Recovery after Combined Cerebral and Cerebellar Hemispherectomy in the Rat (2001)

The cerebellum seems to be one of the structures responsible for early neurological improvement after cerebral hemispherectomy and its consequent deficits. Considered as an accessory brain, the cerebellum may constitute a neurobiological substrate for the recovery of such extensive cortical and subcortical lesions. It may compensate for the injury by structural remodeling and plasticity. The authors observed that, indeed, rats submitted to contralateral hemicerebellectomy before cerebral hemispherectomy do not recover as well as those submitted to hemicerebellectomy 2 weeks after cerebral hemispherectomy.
Combinatorial control of touch receptor neuron expression in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1993)

Six touch receptor neurons with distinctive morphological features sense gentle touch in Caenorhabditis elegans. Previous studies have identified three genes (lin-32, unc-86 and mec-3) that regulate touch cell development. However, since other cell types also require these genes, we suspected that other genes help restrict the expression of touch cell characteristics to the six neurons seen in the wild type. To identify such genes, we have examined mutants defective in genes required for the development of other C. elegans cells for changes in the pattern of touch cell-specific features. Mutations in seven genes either reduce (lin-14) or increase (lin-4, egl-44, egl-46, sem-4, ced-3 and ced-4) the number of touch receptor-like cells. The combinatorial action of these genes, all of which are required for the production of many cell types, restrict the number of cells expressing touch receptor characteristics in wild-type animals by acting as positive and negative regulators and by removing cells by programmed cell death.
Stability of glutaraldehyde disinfectants during storage and use in hospitals. (1978)

The problem of alkaline and acid glutaraldehyde disinfectants degradation (loss in active ingredients) during both extended shelf storage and continuous daily use under hospital practice was investigated. Glutaraldehyde disinfectants lose their potency due to three main types of reactions: aldol condensation, hydration-polymerization, and oxidation. The relative magnitude of each depends upon many variables, such as pH, dissolved gases content, and temperature. Room temperature aging studies of commercial potentiated acid glutaraldehyde (2% and 10% Sonacide) showed that the maximum loss in active ingredients is on the order of 7 per cent after 24 months. The newest type of stabilized alkaline glutaraldehyde (2% Cidex-7) loses 14 to 18 per cent of its active ingredient one month after buffer is added. Standing at room temperature, both alkaline and potentiated acid glutaraldehyde solutions generally drift towards lower pH. Several experiments and a literature search were conducted to assess the glutaraldehyde loss in alkaline and potentiated acid glutaraldehyde disinfectants under normal operating conditions in hospitals. Three independent studies showed that under continuous daily use in hospital buckets potentiated acid glutaraldehyde lasted twice as long as the alkaline glutaraldehyde formula. It was also noted that after weeks of continuous use the pH of both acid and alkaline formulas drifted towards neutrality. A six hospital study of potentiated acid glutaraldehyde in the Cidematic disinfecting machine showed that under a wide range of operating conditions it would take approximately four weeks of continuous daily use to reduce by half the concentration of active di-aldehyde.
Modelling Transport Mechanism Through A Porous Partition (2001)

The physical nature of water flow, in vapour phase, through the pores of a microporous partition has been studied according to the possibilities suggested by the Kinetic Theory of Gases. A method is proposed that permits to decide which is the most reasonable possibility for the transport mechanism. In order to check the proposed model, the phenomenon of membrane distillation has been studied with four commercial membranes, in different experimental conditions. The influence of some relevant parameters, such as mean temperature and stirring rate, has been considered. Tile quantitative influence of the unstirred boundary layers, adjoining both faces of the membrane, has been taken into account. The calculations show that, apparently, the water flux is composed of two contributions: a Knudsen type flux plus a diffusive one.
Estimation of line dimensions in 3D direct laser writing lithography (2016)

Two photon polymerization (TPP) based 3D direct laser writing (3D-DLW) finds application in a wide range of research areas ranging from photonic and mechanical metamaterials to micro-devices. Most common structures are either single lines or formed by a set of interconnected lines as in the case of crystals. In order to increase the fidelity of these structures and reach the ultimate resolution, the laser power and scan speed used in the writing process should be chosen carefully. However, the optimization of these writing parameters is an iterative and time consuming process in the absence of a model for the estimation of line dimensions. To this end, we report a semi-empirical analytic model through simulations and fitting, and demonstrate that it can be used for estimating the line dimensions mostly within one standard deviation of the average values over a wide range of laser power and scan speed combinations. The model delimits the trend in onset of micro-explosions in the photoresist due to over-exposure and of low degree of conversion due to under-exposure. The model guides setting of high-fidelity and robust writing parameters of a photonic crystal structure without iteration and in close agreement with the estimated line dimensions. The proposed methodology is generalizable by adapting the model coefficients to any 3D-DLW setup and corresponding photoresist as a means to estimate the line dimensions for tuning the writing parameters.
Global data on blindness. (1995)

Globally, it is estimated that there are 38 million persons who are blind. Moreover, a further 110 million people have low vision and are at great risk of becoming blind. The main causes of blindness and low vision are cataract, trachoma, glaucoma, onchocerciasis, and xerophthalmia; however, insufficient data on blindness from causes such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration preclude specific estimations of their global prevalence. The age-specific prevalences of the major causes of blindness that are related to age indicate that the trend will be for an increase in such blindness over the decades to come, unless energetic efforts are made to tackle these problems. More data collected through standardized methodologies, using internationally accepted (ICD-10) definitions, are needed. Data on the incidence of blindness due to common causes would be useful for calculating future trends more precisely.
Ontology Evaluation and Ranking using OntoQA (2007)

Ontologies form the cornerstone of the Semantic Web and are intended to help researchers to analyze and share knowledge, and as more ontologies are being introduced, it is difficult for users to find good ontologies related to their work. Therefore, tools for evaluating and ranking the ontologies are needed. In this paper, we present OntoQA, a tool that evaluates ontologies related to a certain set of terms and then ranks them according a set of metrics that captures different aspects of ontologies. Since there are no global criteria defining how a good ontology should be, OntoQA allows users to tune the ranking towards certain features of ontologies to suit the need of their applications. We also show the effectiveness of OntoQA in ranking ontologies by comparing its results to the ranking of other comparable approaches as well as expert users.
Stochastic Kriging for Simulation Metamodeling (2009)

We extend the basic theory of kriging, as applied to the design and analysis of deterministic computer experiments, to the stochastic simulation setting. Our goal is to provide flexible, interpolation-based metamodels of simulation output performance measures as functions of the controllable design or decision variables, or uncontrollable environmental variables. To accomplish this, we characterize both the intrinsic uncertainty inherent in a stochastic simulation and the extrinsic uncertainty about the unknown response surface. We use tractable examples to demonstrate why it is critical to characterize both types of uncertainty, derive general results for experiment design and analysis, and present a numerical example that illustrates the stochastic kriging method.
A Force Reflected Exoskeleton-Type Masterarm for Human–Robot Interaction (2005)

Two human-robot interactions, including a haptic interaction and a teleoperated interaction, are explored with a new exoskeleton-type masterarm, in which the electric brakes with the torque sensor beams are used for force reflection. In the haptic interaction with virtual environment, the masterarm is used as a haptic device and tested to examine how the resistant torque of the electric brake for the force reflection is implemented in contact regime prior to conducting the teleoperated interaction. Two types of virtual environments, a rigid wall with high stiffness (hard contact with 10 [KN/m]) and a soft wall with low stiffness (soft contact with 0.1 [N/m]), are integrated with the masterarm for the haptic interaction. In hard contact, large force is fed back to the human operator, and makes the human operator hardly move. The electric brake with the torque sensor beam can detect the torque and its direction so that it allows free motion as well as contact motion by releasing or holding the movement of the operator. The experimental results show how the electric brake is switched from contact to free regime to allow the operator to move freely, especially when the operator intends to move toward the free regime in contact. In soft contact, the force applied to the human operator can be increased or decreased proportionally to the torque amount sensed by the torque sensor beam, thus the operator can feel the contact force proportional to the amount of the deformation during the contact. Finally, the masterarm is integrated with the humanoid robot, CENTAUR developed at Korea Institute of Science and Technology to conduct a pick-and-place task through the teleoperated interaction. It is examined that the CENTAUR as a slave robot can follow the movement of the operator.
Thermal-Aware Synthesis of 5G Base Station Antenna Arrays: An Overview and a Sparsity-Based Approach (2018)

Heat removal capabilities and radiation performances of several sparse antenna array topologies are studied for cooling enhancement in 5G millimeter-wave base station antennas. Both electromagnetic (EM) and thermal aspects are jointly considered for the first time in array layout optimization, and a novel connection between layout sparsity and thermal management is presented. Two types of active electronically scanned arrays (AESAs), based on the traditional and planar approaches, are examined. Thermal management in AESAs is discussed, with a focus on cooling challenges at millimeter waves. Being relatively low cost and low profile while supporting flexible beamforming, passively cooled planar AESAs with fanless CPU coolers are proposed, for the first time, to be used in 5G base stations. Additional cooling for such arrays is achieved by increasing the inter-element distances in the layout. Linear irregular arrays, spiral arrays, thinned arrays, circular ring arrays, and heat sink antenna arrays are revisited with a critical discussion on their EM and thermal performance. The results are compared with regular and square layouts that are used as benchmarks throughout this paper.
A channel quality indicator (CQI) prediction scheme using feed forward neural network (FF-NN) technique for MU-MIMO LTE system (2014)

In Multi User-Multiple-in Multiple-Out — Long Term Evolution (MU-MIMO-LTE) networks, Channel Quality indicator (CQI) plays a vital role. CQI is crucial in describing the channel information to assign appropriate modulation and coding scheme (MCS). However, obtaining CQI values for each transmission time interval (TTI) inevitably entails use and can lead to an undesirable degradation in spectral efficiency (SE) as well as increasing the error rate. Therefore, providing an accurate and reliable CQI with low overhead is an intricate task. In this paper, a CQI prediction scheme using Feed Forward-Neural Network (FF-NN) algorithm for MU-MIMO-LTE Advanced systems is proposed. Initially, a channel model for MU-MIMO-LTE advanced network is carried out. Through this model, CQI is predicted and the obtained values are compressed using a feedback compression technique. Finally, the proposed technique makes use of FF-NN algorithm to train and achieve enhanced CQI values. Further, an enhanced and accurate CQI values are acquired. Results show that the system SE of single user (SU)-MIMO proportionally increases with the SNR values at the cost of BER. Therefore, a MU-MIMO CQI prediction scheme is recommended to improve the tradeoff between BER and SE.
Chirospecific synthesis of the tetrahydroimidazodiazepinol aglycon of pentostatin and its analogs (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChirospecific synthesis of the tetrahydroimidazodiazepinol aglycon of pentostatin and its analogsThien Van Truong and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 22, 6090–6096Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00074a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00074a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views561Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts