gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channel-aided, decision-directed delay-locked loop for CDMA communications (2002)

A channel-aided, decision-directed delay-locked loop (CADD-DLL) is investigated for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication. It is assumed that an estimate of channel multiplicative distortion (MD) is obtained at the receiver with the aid of pilot symbols. The performance of the proposed tracking loop is assessed in terms of the variance of PN code tracking error and the mean-time-to-loss (MTTL) for a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel in the presence of user-induced interference and lognormal shadowing.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Performance SOFC Cathodes Prepared by Infiltration (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Layered Internet Video Adaptation (LIVA): Network-Assisted Bandwidth Sharing and Transient Loss Protection for Video Streaming (2011)

As video traffic increases in the Internet and competes for limited bandwidth resources, it is important to design bandwidth-sharing and loss-protection schemes that account for video characteristics, beyond the traditional paradigm of fair-rate allocation among data flows. Ideally, such a scheme should handle both persistent and transient congestion as video streaming applications demand low-latency transmissions and low packet-loss ratios. This paper presents a novel scheme, layered Internet video adaptation (LIVA), in which network nodes feed back virtual congestion levels to video senders to assist both media-aware bandwidth sharing and transient-loss protection. The video senders respond to such feedback by adapting the rates of encoded scalable bitstreams based on their respective video rate-distortion (R-D) characteristics. The same feedback is employed to calculate the amount of forward error correction (FEC) protection for combating transient losses. Simulation studies show that LIVA can minimize the total distortion of all participating video streams and hence maximize their overall quality. At steady state, video streams experience no queueing delays or packet losses. In the face of transient congestion, the network-assisted adaptive FEC promptly protects video packets from losses. Our Linux-based demonstration showcases how LIVA can be implemented in a simple manner in real systems. We also present a solution for LIVA streams to coexist with TCP flows based on explicit congestion notification signaling. Finally, our theoretical analysis guarantees system stability for an arbitrary number of streams with round-trip delays below a prescribed limit.
Mechanistic Study of Lithium Aluminum Oxide Atomic Layer Deposition (2012)

There is significant interest in developing lithium conductive thin films that have potential applications as lithium-permeable electrode barrier coatings and as solid electrolytes in thin film batteries. In this work, we demonstrate the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of lithium aluminum oxide (LiAlOx) thin films and provide a thorough characterization of the growth mechanism. LiAlOx thin films were deposited by combining the ALD processes for Al2O3 (trimethylaluminum and water) and LiOH (lithium tert-butoxide and water). The composition of the films was controlled by adjusting the percentage of LiOH cycles. Both the pure LiOH process and the combined LiAlOx process were characterized by a combination of quartz crystal microbalance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and film deposition studies. These studies revealed a complex growth mechanism that is strongly affected by the hygroscopic and reactive LiOH component. Stable ALD with a constant growth rate as a function of ALD cycles was only achieved at ≤50% LiOH cycles. Within this stable regime, a maximum Li cation percentage of 55% and a growth rate of 1.5 Å/cycle were observed. LiAlOx films with >50% LiOH cycles exhibited greater Li cation percentages and stable growth only for the initial 20–30 cycles. This narrow window of stable LiAlOx ALD may restrict the deployment of this process in battery applications.
Abstract SY21-02: DNA methylation and epigenetic instability in human cancer (2012)

Abstract Alterations in DNA methylation in human cancer were identified 30 years ago but a comprehensive view has emerged with the advent of whole genome bisulfite sequencing. While cancer can be viewed as over 200 distinct diseases that are organ-specific in their pathology, and mutation-specific in their molecular mechanism, recent discoveries in cancer epigenetics suggest a different but complementary view. Epigenetically, cancer may approach a single disorder with certain common features underlying the major reasons for cancer morbidity and mortality. Specifically, several common solid tumor types show increased epigenetic instability in DNA methylation at specific loci but involving the same loci in many different tumor types, and these loci appear to be critical for unregulated cell growth and tissue invasion and metastasis, and they involve the boundaries between CpG islands and shores, as well as large hypomethylated genomic blocks. These blocks correspond to large organized chromatin lysine (K) -modified domains (LOCKs) that are normally modulated during cellular reprogramming in development and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We suggest a unifying model for the epigenetic basis of cancer in which increased instability in gene expression is mediated by loss in cancer of nuclear structures that control variance during normal development, such as LOCKs and CpG island boundaries. By this view, stochastic noise is a necessary part of cell fate determination leading to Waddingtonian canalization, and cancer is a disease, at least epigenetically, in which these canals are shallower, with increasing noise and the probability of cell type transitions that should not appear in differentiated tissues. At the same time, this increased noise increases the fitness of cancer cells and their resistance to any given therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY21-02. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY21-02
An Auto-Regressive, Non-Stationary Excited Signal Parameter Estimation Method and an Evaluation of a Singing-Voice Recognition (2006)

We have previously described an auto-regressive hidden Markov model (AR-HMM) and an accompanying parameter estimation method. The AR-HMM was obtained by combining an AR process with an HMM introduced as a non-stationary excitation model. We demonstrated that the AR-HMM can accurately estimate the characteristics of both articulatory systems and excitation signals from high-pitched speech. In this paper, we apply the AR-HMM to feature extraction from singing voices and evaluate the recognition accuracy of the AR-HMM-based approach.
Culturable marine actinomycete diversity from tropical Pacific Ocean sediments (2005)

Actinomycetes were cultivated using a variety of media and selective isolation techniques from 275 marine samples collected around the island of Guam. In total, 6425 actinomycete colonies were observed and 983 (15%) of these, representing the range of morphological diversity observed from each sample, were obtained in pure culture. The majority of the strains isolated (58%) required seawater for growth indicating a high degree of marine adaptation. The dominant actinomycete recovered (568 strains) belonged to the seawater-requiring marine taxon 'Salinospora', a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae. A formal description of this taxon has been accepted for publication (Maldonado et al., 2005) and includes a revision of the generic epithet to Salinispora gen. nov. Members of two major new clades related to Streptomyces spp., tentatively called MAR2 and MAR3, were cultivated and appear to represent new genera within the Streptomycetaceae. In total, five new marine phylotypes, including two within the Thermomonosporaceae that appear to represent new taxa, were obtained in culture. These results support the existence of taxonomically diverse populations of phylogenetically distinct actinomycetes residing in the marine environment. These bacteria can be readily cultured using low nutrient media and represent an unexplored resource for pharmaceutical drug discovery.
Passive illumination info retrieval used for status identification (2004)

The secure information retrieval technologies are critical for status identification, particularly in the battlefield for friend/enemy discrimination. The materials or devices used in these technologies should be hard to find, difficult to counterfeit and as simple as possible. Moreover, if the coding information is totally position-invariant, i.e. neither sequence nor pixel based, it will greatly simplify the retrieval system. We describe an information retrieval technology, which possesses the above-mentioned features. The information is encoded by using luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (or quantum-dots, QDs) mixed with a transparent solution, namely info-ink. When an exciting light beam shines at the info-ink, its emitting spectral features, i.e., wavelength and intensity, provide the encoded information. The info-ink could be applied on any kind of surface, for examples, document cover, top area of helmet, and even a fingernail. It is actually a thin layer of paint and requires no power supply. The retrieval device consists of an exciting light source, a mini-spectrometer and a data processing unit. However, for battlefield applications, a major problem with fluorescence-based technology is that the brightness of sunlight can overwhelm most reflected fluorescent signal. To overcome the shortcomings, the quantum dots are engineered to fluoresce at wavelengths corresponding to the absorption lines of the solar spectrum, more commonly known as Fraunhofer lines.
High-Sensitivity Single-Molecule Fluorescence Detection in Theory and Practice (1990)

The number of emitted photons that can be obtained from a fluorophore increases with the incident light intensity and the duration of illumination. However, saturation of the absorption transition and photodestruction place natural limits on the ultimate signal-to-noise ratio that can be obtained. Equations have been derived to describe the fluorescence-to-background-noise ratio in the presence of saturating light intensities and photodestruction. 1 The fluorescence lifetime and the photodestruction quantum yield are the key parameters that determine the optimum light intensity and exposure time. To test this theory we have performed single molecule detection of phycoerythrin (PE). The laser power was selected to give a mean time between absorptions approximately equal to the fluorescence decay time. The transit time was selected to be nearly equal to the photodestruction time of ~600 μs. Under these conditions the photon count distribution function, the photon count autocorrelation function, and the concentration dependence clearly show that we are detecting bursts of fluorescence from individual fluorophores as they pass through the laser beam. A hard-wired version of this single-molecule detection system was used to measure the concentration of PE down to 10 -15 M. 2 This single-molecule counter is three orders-of-magnitude more sensitive than conventional fluorescence detection systems. The approach presented here should be useful in the optimization of fluorescence-detected DNA sequencing gels and in HPLC and capillary electrophoresis detectors.
Efficient and Scalable Culture of Single Dissociated Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Recombinant E8 Fragments of Human Laminin Isoforms (2015)

This unit describes a protocol for efficient expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). A key feature of this method is subculture of hPSCs by single-cell dissociation passaging on substrates coated with recombinant E8 fragments of human laminin isoforms (LM-E8s). LM-E8s, provide superior adhesion over intact laminin isoforms and Matrigel. Single hPSCs seeded on LM-E8s show accelerated migration and rapid reconstruction of clusters, resulting in robust survival and proliferation. This protocol yields 200-fold more hPSCs than conventional subculture methods in 1 month of culture. Furthermore, this protocol can be easily adapted to most hPSC lines in combination with the use of various xeno-free, defined culture media, and large-scale expansion of hPSCs is easily achievable to facilitate the practical applications of hPSCs.
Efficient Dissemination Techniques for MANET Routing Control Messages (2009)

The challenges of optimal flooding of network control messages in mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) have been well studied in the literature [2]-[10] and [12]-[19]. A particular case of this problem is encountered in MANET routing protocols, which need to distribute routing control information to all member nodes as efficiently as possible. While both proactive and reactive MANET routing protocols exist, in some environments a proactive approach will be used to reduce communications latency as much as possible. Even in a hybrid protocol, the proactive portion requires some amount of information exchange among all nodes. Many previous papers have discussed optimal flooding in a variety of environments under a variety of assumptions, but none have assessed the performance of a recently developed cluster based routing protocol called Adaptive hybrid domain routing (AHDR). In this paper, the optimal flooding architecture developed for the clustered based AHDR protocol is discussed in detailed. The paper also compares AHDR's flooding architecture against two prominent MANET routing protocols, OLSR [3] and OSPF- MDR [11]. The paper also shows simulation results for each of the flooding architectures using an unbiased and non-intrusive monitoring technique. The performance results show that AHDR's flooding architecture imposes lower overhead control traffic as compared to OLSR and OSPF-MANET-MDR while still providing better network reachability.
Application of linear prediction to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance signals for accurate relative ion abundance measurements (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of linear prediction to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance signals for accurate relative ion abundance measurementsThomas C. Farrar, John W. Elling, and Mark D. KrahlingCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 22, 2770–2774Publication Date (Print):November 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 November 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00046a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (589 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Tunable filter based on whispering gallery modes (2003)

A narrowband, widely tunable filter based on a whispering gallery mode LiNbO3 cavity with 10 GHz free spectral range is proposed and demonstrated. The filter operates at 1.55 µm with 30 MHz bandwidth and can be electro-optically tuned at 10 GHz in the linear regime with approximately 40 MHz/V tuning rate. With this filter, we have demonstrated 12 dB fibre-to-fibre insertion loss and 30 µs tuning speed.
VIBES: A Variational Inference Engine for Bayesian Networks (2002)

In recent years variational methods have become a popular tool for approximate inference and learning in a wide variety of probabilistic models. For each new application, however, it is currently necessary first to derive the variational update equations, and then to implement them in application-specific code. Each of these steps is both time consuming and error prone. In this paper we describe a general purpose inference engine called VIBES ('Variational Inference for Bayesian Networks') which allows a wide variety of probabilistic models to be implemented and solved variationally without recourse to coding. New models are specified either through a simple script or via a graphical interface analogous to a drawing package. VIBES then automatically generates and solves the variational equations. We illustrate the power and flexibility of VIBES using examples from Bayesian mixture modelling.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of <i>n</i>-Butenes to 1,3-Butadiene over Ni-BiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Metal Oxides Supported on Mesoporous SBA-15 (2023)

A Ni-BiOx/SBA-15 catalyst synthesized using a co-impregnation method was utilized for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of n-butenes (1-butene and 2-butene) to 1,3-butadiene in a fixed-bed reactor. The layered structure of NiO/β-Bi2O3/Bi2SiO5/SBA-15 was confirmed using porosity, XRD, and H2-TPR measurements. The components of the structure interacted moderately to form an effectively active and selective NiO species as an ODH catalyst. Thermodynamic analysis results revealed the most favorable pathway for butene conversion; however, this catalyst kinetically favored the desired and efficient route of butene conversion via adsorption of butenes, abstraction of α-hydrogen, and the formation of highly selective 1,3-butadiene. The selectivity of the oxygen species in the metal oxide system along the efficient route was sustained by co-feeding gas phase oxygen and increasing the reaction temperature. The catalyst comprising 14 wt % Ni-10 wt % Bi-O/SBA-15 exhibited a 2-butene conversion of 83% and a 1,3-butadiene selectivity of 89% at 400 °C and O2/C4= ratio = 4.0 mol/mol.
High spatial resolution quantitative microwave impedance microscopy by a scanning tip microwave near-field microscope (1997)

A recently developed scanning tip microwave near-field microscope has been improved to achieve a spatial resolution of 100 nm (∼λ/106). Furthermore, explicit calculations of the field distribution using a simplified model allow quantitative microscopy of dielectric properties for dielectric materials. A detection sensitivity of δε/ε∼6×10−4 has been achieved.
Genotype-Specific Genomic Markers Associated with Primary Hepatomas, Based on Complete Genomic Sequencing of Hepatitis B Virus (2008)

We aimed to identify genomic markers in hepatitis B virus (HBV) that are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development by comparing the complete genomic sequences of HBVs among patients with HCC and those without. One hundred patients with HBV-related HCC and 100 age-matched HBV-infected non-HCC patients (controls) were studied. HBV DNA from serum was directly sequenced to study the whole viral genome. Data mining and rule learning were employed to develop diagnostic algorithms. An independent cohort of 132 cases (43 HCC and 89 non-HCC) was used to validate the accuracy of these algorithms. Among the 100 cases of HCC, 37 had genotype B (all subgenotype Ba) and 63 had genotype C (16 subgenotype Ce and 47 subgenotype Cs) HBV infection. In the control group, 51 had genotype B and 49 had genotype C (10 subgenotype Ce and 39 subgenotype Cs) HBV infection. Genomic algorithms associated with HCC were derived based on genotype/subgenotype-specific mutations. In genotype B HBV, mutations C1165T, A1762T and G1764A, T2712C/A/G, and A/T2525C were associated with HCC. HCC-related mutations T31C, T53C, and A1499G were associated with HBV subgenotype Ce, and mutations G1613A, G1899A, T2170C/G, and T2441C were associated with HBV subgenotype Cs. Amino acid changes caused by these mutations were found in the X, envelope, and precore/core regions in association with HBV genotype B, Ce, and Cs, respectively. In conclusion, infections with different genotypes of HBV (B, Ce, and Cs) carry different genomic markers for HCC at different parts of the HBV genome. Different HBV genotypes may have different virologic mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Bottleneck linear transformation network adaptation for speaker adaptive training-based hybrid DNN-HMM speech recognizer (2016)

Recently, a Hybrid DNN-HMM recognizer trained with the Speaker Adaptive Training (SAT) concept was successfully modified to a more effective speaker-adaptation-oriented recognizer whose DNN front-end adopted a Linear Transformation Network (LTN) Speaker Dependent (SD) module. However, the size of SD modules is still large, which incurs high storage costs and the risk of over-training. To alleviate this problem, we analyze the characteristics of an LTN module by focusing on the relation between its size and its feature-representation capability. Moreover, we propose a new SAT-based scheme for reducing the LTN size using SVD-based matrix compression. Evaluation experiments on the TED Talks corpus prove that our LTN size-reduction scheme not only maintains the adaptation performance of the original LTN-embedded, SAT-based DNN-HMM recognizer but also further increases it especially in cases where the speech data available for adaptation training are severely limited.
Discovery of a Daunorubicin Analogue That Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity and Overcomes P-gp-Mediated Drug Resistance (2006)

Anthracyclines are considered to be some of the most effective anticancer drugs for cancer therapy. However, drug resistance and cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines limit their clinical application. We hypothesize that direct modifications of the sugar moiety of anthracyclines avert P-glycoprotein (P-gp) recognition and efflux, increase drug intracellular concentration in cancer cells, and thus overcome P-gp-mediated drug resistance. Daunorubicin (DNR) analogues with sugar modifications were synthesized by directly transforming the amino group of DNR to an azido group or triazole group. Molecular docking showed that the lead compound (3'-azidodaunorubicin, ADNR) averts P-gp binding, while daunorubicin (DNR) extensively interacts with multidrug-resistance (MDR) protein through H-bonds and electrostatic interactions. FACS assay demonstrated that these new compounds abolished P-gp drug efflux and accumulated high intracellular concentration in the drug-resistant leukemia K562/Dox. P-gp inhibition by CsA confirmed that these new analogues are no longer P-gp substrates. ADNR exhibited potent anticancer activity in both drug-sensitive (K562) and drug-resistant leukemia cells (K562/Dox), with a 25-fold lower drug resistance index than DNR. An in vivo xenograft model demonstrated that ADNR showed more than 2.5-fold higher maximum growth inhibition rate against drug-resistant cancers and significant improvement for animal survival rate versus DNR. No significant body weight reduction in mice was observed for ADNR at the maximum tolerable dose, as compared to more than 70% body weight reduction for DNR. These data suggest that sugar modifications of anthracyclines avert P-gp binding, abolish P-gp-mediated drug efflux, increase intracellular drug concentration, and thus overcome P-gp-mediated drug resistance in cancer therapy.