gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meshless Finite Elements for Hierarchical Global Illumination (2007)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
EU FP6 IST-4-027756 WINNER II, D2.2.3 Modulation and Coding schemes for the WINNER II System, Nov 2007 (2007)

This report describes the modulation and coding schemes for the WINNER II system, considering detailed aspects of channel coding. Two modes for link adaptation are illustrated and a scheme for HARQ\nis defined.
Early identification of hERG liability in drug discovery programs by automated patch clamp (2014)

Blockade of the cardiac ion channel coded by human ether-à-gogo-related gene (hERG) can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, which has become a major concern in drug discovery and development. Automated electrophysiological patch clamp allows assessment of hERG channel effects early in drug development to aid medicinal chemistry programs and has become routine in pharmaceutical companies. However, a number of potential sources of errors in setting up hERG channel assays by automated patch clamp can lead to misinterpretation of data or false effects being reported. This article describes protocols for automated electrophysiology screening of compound effects on the hERG channel current. Protocol details and the translation of criteria known from manual patch clamp experiments to automated patch clamp experiments to achieve good quality data are emphasized. Typical pitfalls and artifacts that may lead to misinterpretation of data are discussed. While this article focuses on hERG channel recordings using the QPatch (Sophion A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) technology, many of the assay and protocol details given in this article can be transferred for setting up different ion channel assays by automated patch clamp and are similar on other planar patch clamp platforms.
Endovascular treatment of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers of the arch and thoracic aorta: In-hospital and 5-year outcomes (2022)

The use of TEVAR for treatment of aortic PAU is a safe procedure in an elective setting despite necessity of arch stent grafting. An early intervention performed at smaller aortic diameters of <55 mm might be beneficial in selected patients to improve late survival.
FOSSES: Framework for open‐source software evaluation and selection (2019)

Summary A plethora of approaches exists for the evaluation and selection of open‐source software (OSS) in the literature. However, these approaches are hardly ever used in practice for the following reasons: first, the lack of a situational‐based procedure to define the evaluation criteria for OSS given its varied and dynamic nature; second, the inability of existing evaluation techniques, such as the analytic hierarchy process, to cope well with uncertainty factors, thus producing misleading results that affect the quality of decisions made; and third, a significant number of existing approaches require the prototyping of alternatives being considered in order to facilitate evaluation and decision‐making. This study addresses the aforementioned challenges by evolving a process framework for evaluating and selecting OSS. The proposed framework is validated by applying it to a case study. In addition, expert opinion was elicited via questionnaires from 10 experts, and overall feedback suggests that 80% of them are willing to adopt the approach.
Noninvasive Glucose Measurement by Monitoring of Scattering Coefficient During Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (2000)

This study shows that also slow changes in blood glucose induced by an oral glucose load can be monitored by registration of scattering coefficient changes. It remains to be elucidated why this has not been possible in all experiments.
Neuronal Glutamine Utilization: Glutamine/Glutamate Homeostasis in Synaptosomes (1990)

The synaptosomal metabolism of glutamine was studied under in vitro conditions that simulate depolarization in vivo. With [2-15N]glutamine as precursor, the [glutamine]i was diminished in the presence of veratridine or 50 mM KCl, but the total amounts of [15N]glutamate and [15N]aspartate formed were either equal to those of control incubations (veratridine) or higher (50 mM [KCl]). This suggests that depolarization decreases glutamine uptake and independently augments glutaminase activity. Omission of sodium from the medium was associated with low internal levels of glutamine which indicates that influx occurs as a charged Na(+)-amino acid complex. It is postulated that a reduction in membrane potential and a collapse of the Na+ gradient decrease the driving forces for glutamine accumulation and thus inhibit its uptake and enhance its release under depolarizing conditions. Inorganic phosphate stimulated glutaminase activity, particularly in the presence of calcium. At 2 mM or lower [phosphate] in the medium, calcium inhibited glutamine utilization and the production of glutamate, aspartate, and ammonia from glutamine. At a high (10 mM) medium [phosphate], calcium stimulated glutamine catabolism. It is suggested that a veratridine-induced increase in intrasynaptosomal inorganic phosphate is responsible for the enhancement of flux through glutaminase; calcium affects glutaminase indirectly by modulating the level of free intramitochondrial [phosphate]. Because phosphate also lowers the Km of glutaminase for glutamine, augmentation of the amino acid breakdown may occur even when depolarization lowers [glutamine]i. Reducing the intrasynaptosomal glutamate to 26 nmol/mg of protein had little effect on glutamine catabolism, but raising the pH to 7.9 markedly increased formation of glutamate and aspartate. It is concluded that phosphate and H+ are the major physiologic regulators of glutaminase activity.
Linear chain polymerization initiated by a scanning tunneling microscope tip at designated positions (2001)

A conjugated polymer nanowire can be created at any designated position in a monomolecular layer by initiating chain polymerization using a scanning tunneling microscope tip with a spatial precision of the order of 1 nm. The demonstration has been presented for a self-ordered monomolecular layer of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid, which is a diacetylene compound, adsorbed on a graphite surface. The polymer nanowires created have a length ranging from 5 to 300 nm, the length being controlled by domain boundaries or artificial defects in the molecular layer. The frequency of occurrence of chain polymerization is measured against the pulsed bias voltage, which suggests that the excitation of the molecule is caused by the inelastically tunneling electrons.
Melanocortin peptides inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide by activated microglia (1998)

Inflammatory processes contribute to neurodegenerative disease, stroke, encephalitis, and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Activated microglia are a source of cytokines and other inflammatory agents within the CNS and it is therefore important to control glial function in order to preserve neural cells. Melanocortin peptides are pro-opiomelanocortin-derived amino acid sequences that include alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These peptides have potent and broad anti-inflammatory effects. We tested effects of alpha-MSH (1-13), alpha-MSH (11-13), and ACTH (1-24) on production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) in a cultured murine microglial cell line (N9) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Melanocortin peptides inhibited production of these cytokines and NO in a concentration-related fashion, probably by increasing intracellular cAMP. When stimulated with LPS + IFN-gamma, microglia increased release of alpha-MSH. Production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and NO was greater in activated microglia after innmunoneutralization of endogenous alpha-MSH. The results suggest that alpha-MSH is an autocrine factor in microglia. Because melanocortin peptides inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators by activated microglia they might be useful in treatment of inflammatory/degenerative brain disorders.
Design of active small interfering RNAs. (2007)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have become the experimental tool of choice to suppress gene expression in a wide variety of organisms. Site selection and optimization does not appear to be as difficult for siRNAs as would be expected from historical experience with antisense oligonucleotides. Nevertheless, not all sites within a target gene perform equally. Significant progress has been made in defining sequence features that contribute to siRNA potency, and a variety of computational tools are available from academic and commercial sources to assist with siRNA design. Potential siRNA sequences should be screened for homology to other genes within the target organism's transcriptome to minimize cross-hybridization and inadvertent knockdown of unrelated genes via off-target effects. In addition to rational design criteria, chemical modification of the RNA can improve function by improving stability, reducing the potential for off-target effects and avoiding stimulation of the innate immune system.
Naphthalene and perylene diimides for organic transistors (2011)

The development of ambient stable organic n-channel semiconductor molecules for thin-film transistors has experienced a tremendous impetus in the last decade to close the gap in performance in comparison to that of their p-channel counterparts. Especially naphthalene and perylene tetracarboxylic diimides (NDI and PDI) have shown to be the most valuable building blocks to achieve this challenging goal and to gain insight into the molecular structure-transistor performance relationship. Remaining challenges and new emerging research fields for these n-type semiconductors are the optimization of their deposition on flexible substrates, the control of their long term ambient stability and their implementation in complementary transistor circuits, display and sensor devices.
Flow-cytometric method for simultaneous analysis of mouse lung epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic lineage cells (2016)

Flow cytometry is a powerful tool capable of simultaneously analyzing multiple parameters on a cell-by-cell basis. Lung tissue preparation for flow cytometry requires creation of a single-cell suspension, which often employs enzymatic and mechanical dissociation techniques. These practices may damage cells and cause cell death that is unrelated to the experimental conditions under study. We tested methods of lung tissue dissociation and sought to minimize cell death in the epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic lineage cellular compartments. A protocol that involved flushing the pulmonary circulation and inflating the lung with Dispase, a bacillus-derived neutral metalloprotease, at the time of tissue harvest followed by mincing, digestion in a DNase and collagenase solution, and filtration before staining with fluorescent reagents concurrently maximized viable yields of epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic lineage cells compared with a standard method that did not use enzymes at the time of tissue harvest. Flow cytometry identified each population-epithelial (CD326(+)CD31(-)CD45(-)), endothelial (CD326(-)CD31(+)CD45(-)), and hematopoietic lineage (CD326(-)CD31(-)CD45(+))-and measured cellular viability by 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) staining. The Dispase method permitted discrimination of epithelial vs. endothelial cell death in a systemic lipopolysaccharide model of increased pulmonary vascular permeability. We conclude that application of a dissociative enzyme solution directly to the cellular compartments of interest at the time of tissue harvest maximized viable cellular yields of those compartments. Investigators could employ this dissociation method to simultaneously harvest epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic lineage and other lineage-negative cells for flow-cytometric analysis.
Progress in Large-Scale Femtosecond Timing Distribution and RF-Synchronization (2006)

Fourth-generation Light sources such as the European X-Ray free electron laser facility (XFEL), the Linear Coherent Light Source at SLAC (LCLS) as well as the ELLETRA-Facility at Trieste require femtosecond synchronization between low-level RF-systems, photo-injector laser, as well as potential probe lasers in these facilities. We recently proposed a modular system that is capable of achieving synchronization of various RF-and optical sub-systems with femtosecond precision over distances of a few kilometers [1], the typical size of the proposed facilities. In this paper, we report on recent progress towards the realization of such a system. Especially the construction of a low jitter optical master oscillator that generates the optical pulse stream that is necessary to stabilize the fiber transmission links of such a system and simultaneously carriers the timing information to the individual optical and RF sub-systems.
Apoptosis and caspases after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat retina. (1999)

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion after transient elevated IOP induced apoptosis of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer and the INL. Caspases may have a pivotal role in the early events of the apoptotic pathway(s). Rescue by using anti-apoptotic agents after ischemia-reperfusion is feasible.
The role of Schwann cells during retinal ganglion cell regeneration induced by peripheral nerve transplantation. (1997)

These results suggested that viable Schwann cells are good substrate for retinal ganglion cell regeneration, the intimate contact with viable Schwann cell surface plays an important role in retinal ganglion cell regeneration, tight junctions, and cell adhesion molecules (LI, N-CAM) are observed between the regenerating axon and Schwann cell.
Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Serotype 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae in Group Day Care: Evidence Suggesting Capsular Transformation of the Resistant Strain In Vivo (1995)

Surveillance for nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae was maintained in a research day care center between 1985 and 1992. An outbreak of nasal carriage of a multi-drug-resistant (MDR) serotype 23F organism occurred between May 1990 and December 1991 involving 14 of 52 children. Electrophoresis of penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of chromosomal DNA indicated that the MDR serotype 23F organism was closely related to a serotype 23F MDR clone that has been prevalent in Spain since the early 1980s. In June 1991, an MDR serotype 14 organism was isolated from a child who had previously carried the MDR serotype 23F strain. PFGE and PBP typing revealed that the MDR serotype 14 organism was very similar to the circulating MDR serotype 23F strain, suggesting serotype transformation. Dissemination of MDR pneumococcal strains and possibly spread of the MDR phenotype to additional serotypes may be facilitated in group day care.
PP.14.15 (2015)

Objective: Vasodilators are clinically used in accordance with each pharmacological property. For example, Ca2+ channel blockers are prescribed for patients with hypertension, which dilate arterioles leading to reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. Organic nitrates are used for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including angina and heart failure to reduce ventricular preload and afterload, which dilates all segments of the vascular system from large conductance arteries to large veins. Since useful indexes reflecting vascular functions of larger conductance arteries are unavailable using non-invasive methods in contrast to the resistant arteries, we assessed whether the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), established as a marker of arterial stiffness, could reflect different pharmacological actions of nicardipine and nitroglycerin on the systemic vasculature in anesthetized rabbits. Design and method: New Zealand White rabbits were anesthetized with halothane. The CAVI was calculated from the well-established basic equations obtained from the variables of brachial and tibial blood pressure and phonocardiogram. Results: Intravenous administration of nicardipine (1, 3 and 10 μg/kg) decreased the blood pressure, femoral arterial vascular resistance, and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV) in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, no significant change was detected in the CAVI at 1 and 3 μg/kg, which reflect the defining feature that CAVI is independent of blood pressure. At the highest dose of 10 μg/kg, the index increased. Intravenous administration of nitroglycerin (2, 4 and 8 μg/kg) also decreased the blood pressure, femoral arterial vascular resistance, and haPWV in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the CAVI decreased in a dose-dependent manner, which may reflect the pharmacological action that nitroglycerin dilates conductance arteries. Conclusions: These results suggest that CAVI is a useful index that can differentiate pharmacological properties of vasodilators nicardipine and nitroglycerin in anesthetized rabbit.
On-line handwritten character recognition using parallel neural networks (2002)

Our goal is to perform handwritten character recognition using a bank of multilayer feedforward neural networks. This paper presents both the front-end and the back-end of such a recognition system. The front-end relies on a data pre-classification scheme based on the concept of segment. A segment can be viewed as a representative building block of handwriting. The back-end hinges on a connectionist approach. Instead of a single large network, a bank of parallel networks is developed to overcome commonly encountered difficulties such as slow training process and requirement for a large amount of training data. The recognition system has been evaluated, on tasks involving (i) discrimination between similarly shaped characters and (ii) recognition of discretely written upper-case characters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Structure of lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria. III. Structure of O-specific polysaccharides]. (1994)

Data on the composition and structure of O-antigens which represent polysaccharide chains of outer membrane lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria defining cell immunospecificity are reviewed with special reference to some structural features of O-antigens, such as masked regularity and occurrence in one microorganism of lipopolysaccharides with two structurally distinct polysaccharide chains. Antigenic relationships between the microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed.
Lung disease in mice with cystic fibrosis. (1997)

The leading cause of mortality and morbidity in humans with cystic fibrosis is lung disease. Advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the lung disease of cystic fibrosis, as well as development of innovative therapeutic interventions, have been compromised by the lack of a natural animal model. The utility of the CFTR-knockout mouse in studying the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis has been limited because of their failure, despite the presence of severe intestinal disease, to develop lung disease. Herein, we describe the phenotype of an inbred congenic strain of CFTR-knockout mouse that develops spontaneous and progressive lung disease of early onset. The major features of the lung disease include failure of effective mucociliary transport, postbronchiolar over inflation of alveoli and parenchymal interstitial thickening, with evidence of fibrosis and inflammatory cell recruitment. We speculate that the basis for development of lung disease in the congenic CFTR-knockout mice is their observed lack of a non-CFTR chloride channel normally found in CFTR-knockout mice of mixed genetic background.
Figures of merit of push–pull molecules in photorefractive polymers (2000)

Push–pull molecules are the most widely used nonlinear optical chromophores incorporated in polymers to generate photorefractivity. They are at the origin of the Pockels and the Kerr electrooptic effects in high-Tg photorefractive polymers and give also rise to the optical birefringence in low-Tg photorefractive polymers. High-Tg and low-Tg figures of merit characterize the efficiency of push–pull molecules to generate phototrefractivity. We present, here, the two-level figures of merit of various push–pull molecules determined by using electrooptical absorption measurements in solution. Analysis of the results within the framework of the two-form two-state model provides useful guidelines for the design of push–pull molecules for photorefractive applications. This model enables us to evaluate the optimum structures as well as the corresponding maximum optical birefringence, Pockels and Kerr electrooptic responses. It also shows how these maxima are related. Tuning a molecular structure to reach an optimum one will not automatically lead to a very large figure of merit. An essential parameter that is usually overlooked is the magnitudes of these maxima. We show that the maxima are affected both by the conjugation length and by the choice of the donor/acceptor substituents. Some of the longest compounds investigated here exhibit very large high-Tg and low-Tg figures of merit.
Atmospheric-turbulence compensation with self-referenced binary holographic interferometry (1994)

A technique to perform atmospheric compensation of ground-based telescopes by use of self-referenced interferometry with a binary holographic recording medium is analyzed for a 1.5-m aperture. Substantial image correction is predicted with a laser-illuminated beacon reference.