gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and functional characterization of anti-human and anti-mouse IL-36R antagonist monoclonal antibodies (2017)

Deficiency of interleukin (IL)-36 receptor antagonist (DITRA) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in IL36RN. IL-36R is a cell surface receptor and a member of the IL1R family that is involved in inflammatory responses triggered in skin and other epithelial tissues. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-36R signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Therapeutic intervention of IL-36R signaling offers an innovative treatment paradigm for targeting epithelial cell-mediated inflammatory diseases such as the life-threatening psoriasis variant called generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). We report the discovery and characterization of MAB92, a potent, high affinity anti-human IL-36 receptor antagonistic antibody that blocks human IL-36 ligand (α, β and γ)-mediated signaling. In vitro treatment with MAB92 directly inhibits human IL-36R-mediated signaling and inflammatory cytokine production in primary human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. MAB92 shows exquisite species specificity toward human IL-36R and does not cross react to murine IL-36R. To enable in vivo pharmacology studies, we developed a mouse cross-reactive antibody, MAB04, which exhibits overlapping binding and pharmacological activity as MAB92. Epitope mapping indicates that MAB92 and MAB04 bind primarily to domain-2 of the human and mouse IL-36R proteins, respectively. Treatment with MAB04 abrogates imiquimod and IL-36-mediated skin inflammation in the mouse, further supporting an important role for IL-36R signaling in epithelial cell-mediated inflammation.
Effect of electron flux on radiation damage in GaAs solar cells (1982)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of electron flux and temperature on radiation damage in GaAs solar cells. The defect levels and the power ratio of the GaAs solar cells under various irradiation conditions are compared. In a 200 C continuous annealing experiment, the GaAs solar cells which were irradiated at a flux of 2 x 10 to the 9th e/sq cm s suffered less power degradation than the cells which were irradiated at the same temperature at a higher flux of 4 x 10 to the 10th e/sq cm s. After the continuous annealing experiment, a single-step post annealing at 200 C was performed for 40 hr on these irradiated cells. An additional improvement in power recovery was observed only on those cells irradiated at the high flux of 4 x 10 to the 10th e/sq cm s. DLTS data indicate that the defect density decreases with lower electron flux. Both of these observations strongly suggest that the continuous annealing in GaAs cells can be effective at temperatures as low as 150 C, or even less in a space environment such as geosynchronous orbit.
Computational simulation of turbulent signal loss in 2D time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiograms (1997)

Time-of-flight magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is currently limited in the evaluation of arterial stenoses by flow-induced signal loss. This signal loss has been attributed to phase dispersion and to phase misregistration. We have developed a fluid mechanics model of 2D time-of-flight MR angiograms to study the amount of signal loss caused by random turbulence. The simulations were created by stochastic analysis of particle pathlines determined by computational fluid dynamics for turbulent flow. The images obtained by the model compare well to actual MR images of flow in stenoses. By selectively removing the random turbulent motion in the simulation, it can be seen that random phase dispersion is the dominant mechanism of signal loss. Phase misregistration and mean flow phase dispersion act as secondary effects. The MR simulation model recreates accurately the variation of signal loss over a range of echo times. The model can be used further to explore and design new pulse sequences. For example, the current study showed that high slew rate gradient waveforms can significantly reduce poststenotic signal loss. In conclusion, computational modeling of MR angiography can be a useful approach for the analysis of MRA signal loss and the design of improved pulse sequences.
New Genes for Male Accessory Gland Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster (1997)

The accessory gland of male insects produces components of the seminal fluid that alter the behavior, physiology and life span of the mated female, and contribute to her efficient storage and utilization of sperm. As a step towards understanding how this occurs, we have isolated genes encoding 12 previously unreported accessory gland-specific mRNAs from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We report here the restriction maps of the new genes, the chromosome positions--which are all autosomal--of the 11 non-repetitive genes, their expression patterns, and the sequences of the accessory gland proteins (Acps) encoded by nine of the genes. Eight of the proteins predicted from these sequences begin with putative secretion signals. Following their signal sequences, three of the predicted molecules are peptides and the other five are larger polypeptides with characteristics of cleavable prohormones. The ninth molecule, which has an N-terminal hydrophobic region but no consensus signal peptide cleavage site, is predicted to be a 716 amino acid glycoprotein. Of the nine proteins, two have intriguing similarities to sequences in protein databases. Acp76A is a 388 amino acid pro-protein which contains a signature sequence for the serpin class of protease inhibitors. The 115 amino acid Acp62F has a 28 amino acid region of high sequence similarity to a neurotoxin of the Brazilian armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer. Models are discussed in which Acp76A plays a role in the observed regulation of Acp proteolysis and/or in the coagulation of seminal fluid to form a mating plug, and in which Acp62F contributes to the reported toxicity of Drosophila seminal fluid.
Identification and Characterization of the Genes Encoding Human and Mouse Osteoactivin (2003)

Osteoactivin (OA) is more highly expressed in the bones of osteopetrotic mutant rats (op/op) than in those of their normal littermates and is the homologue of human nmb, a cDNA more highly expressed in melanoma-derived cell lines of low metastatic potential, and of mouse DC-HIL, which has been implicated in endothelial cell adhesion. The human OA gene is found on chromosome 7p15.1 and consists of 11 exons spanning 28.3 kb. Murine OA is encoded by a highly similar gene of 11 exons spanning 20.2 kb on mouse chromosome 6. Human OA uses the same transcriptional initiation site in both bone and kidney as was reported for melanoma cells. OA is expressed in primary human and mouse osteoblast cultures at all stages of differentiation, with increased levels observed concurrently with the expression of osteoblast phenotype markers. OA is also expressed in a wide variety of human and mouse tissues as determined by RT-PCR analysis. Immunohistochemical investigation of OA expression in late mouse embryonic development showed very high, cell-specific expression in the nervous system, basal layer of the skin, germinal cells of hair follicles, and in the forming nephrons of the kidney. Continuing investigation of the cell-specific expression of OA in bone as well as in other tissues will lead to a better understanding of its function in the development of these cell types.
Glycomimetic Peptides as Therapeutic Tools (2023)

The entry of peptides into glycobiology has led to the development of a unique class of therapeutic tools. Although numerous and well-known peptides are active as endocrine regulatory factors that bind to specific receptors, and peptides have been used extensively as epitopes for vaccine production, the use of peptides that mimic sugars as ligands of lectin-type receptors has opened a unique approach to modulate activity of immune cells. Ground-breaking work that initiated the use of peptides as tools for therapy identified sugar mimetics by screening phage display libraries. The peptides that have been discovered show significant potential as high-avidity, therapeutic tools when synthesized as multivalent structures. Advantages of peptides over sugars as drugs for immune modulation will be illustrated in this review.
Breath Analyzer for Alcolocks and Screening Devices (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Alcolocks and alcohol screening devices are becoming commonplace, and their use is expected to grow rapidly with cost reduction and improved usability. A new breath analyzer prototype is demonstrated, with the prospects of eliminating the mouthpiece, reducing expiration time and volume, improving long-term stability, and reducing life cycle cost. Simultaneous <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$</tex></formula> measurements compensate for the sample dilution and unsaturated expiration. Infrared transmission spectroscopy is used for both the alcohol and <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$</tex></formula> measurement, yet the entire system is contained within a small handheld unit. Experimental results are reported on the device sensitivity, linearity, resolution, and influence from varying measuring distance. The correlation between early and full-time sampling was established in 60 subjects. Basic concept verification was obtained, whereas resolution and selectivity still needs to be improved. Further improvements are expected by system optimization and integration. </para>
Imaging cell death in vivo. (2003)

A technique to image programmed cell death would be useful both in clinical care and in drug development. The most widely studied agent for the in vivo study of apoptosis is radiolabeled annexin V, an endogenous protein labeled with technectium-99m, now undergoing clinical trials in both Europe and the United States. While annexin V has been studied extensively in humans the precise mechanism(s) of uptake this agent in vivo is unclear and needs further study. Other agents are also under development, including radiolabeled forms of Z-VAD.fmk, a potent inhibitor of the enzymatic cascade intimately associated with apoptosis. In addition other technologies, such as diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging with contrast agents, such as small paramagnetic iron oxide particles coated with peptides have also been advocated as methods to monitor apoptotic cell death. The potential applications of imaging apoptosis as a marker of early response to therapy in cancer, acute cerebral and myocardial ischemic injury and infarction, immune mediated inflammatory disease and transplant rejection are reviewed.
Field-emission triode of low-temperature synthesized ZnO nanowires (2006)

A field-emission triode based on the low-temperature (75/spl deg/C) and hydrothermally synthesized single-crystalline zinc-oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) grown on Si substrate with a silicon dioxide (SiO/sub 2/) insulator was fabricated for the controllable field-emission device application. Field-emission measurement reveals that the ZnO NWs fabricated on the Si substrate exhibit a good emission property with the turn-on electric field and threshold electric field (current density of 1 mA/cm/sup 2/) of 1.6 and 2.1 V//spl mu/m, respectively, with a field enhancement factor /spl beta/ of 3340. The field-emission properties of the ZnO NW-based triode exhibit the controllable characteristics. The well-controlled field-emission characteristics can be divided into three parts: gate leakage region, linear region, and saturation region. Therefore, this study provides a low-temperature field-emission triode fabrication process that is compatible with the Si-based microelectronic integration, and the field-emission measurements also reveal that the emission behavior can be well controlled by adopting the triode structure.
Using Multiphoton Microscopy for the Study of Embryogenesis (1997)

Abstract Multiphoton fluorescence excitation imaging is an optical sectioning technique for fluorescence microscopy. At very high photon densities, two or more photons may coordinately excite an energy transition in a fluorophore that corresponds to the sum of the energies of the individual photons. by this means, a fluorophore may be excited by a wavelength that is considerably longer than its single photon excitation wavelength. Ultra-fast pulsed (femtosecond) lasers can produce the peak power densities in the focal volume of an objective lens needed to provide sufficient 2- or 3- photon excitation events for imaging. The use of short-pulse lasers provides the high peak powers necessary for imaging yet with modest mean power levels that do not thermally damage biological specimens. Production of multiphoton events depends on the square of photon density for 2-photon excitation and the cube of photon density for 3-photon excitation. The power density therefore rapidly falls off away from the focal volume of an objective lens, thereby confining fluorescence excitation to the focal volume.
A low-latency adaptive asynchronous interconnection network using bi-modal router nodes (2011)

A new bi-modal asynchronous arbitration node is introduced for use as a building block in an adaptive asynchronous interconnection network. The target network topology is a variant Mesh-of-Trees (MoT), combining a binary fan-out network (i.e. routing) and a binary fan-in network (i.e. arbitration) for each source-sink pair. The key feature of the new arbitration node is that it dynamically reconfigures based on the traffic it receives, entering a special “single-channel-bias” mode when the other channel has no recent activity. Arbitration is totally bypassed on the critical path, resulting in significantly lower node latency and, in high-traffic scenarios, improved throughput. The router nodes were implemented in IBM 90nm technology using ARM standard cells. SPICE simulations indicate that the bi-modal arbitration node provided significant reductions in latency (41.6%), and increased throughput (19.8%, in high-traffic single-channel scenarios), when in biased mode. Node reconfiguration required at most 338 ps. Simulations were then performed on two distinct MoT indirect networks, “baseline” and “adaptive” (the latter incorporating the new bi-modal node), on eight diverse synthetic benchmarks, using mixes of random and deterministic traffic. Improvements in system latency up to 19.8% and throughput up to 27.8% were obtained using the adaptive network. Overall end-to-end latencies, through 6 router nodes and 5 hops, of 1.8–2.8 ns (at 25% load) and throughputs of 0.27–1.8 Gigaflits/s (at saturation rate) were also observed. Categories and Subject Descriptors
High-temperature continuous-wave operation of 1310-nm single-mode grating-outcoupled surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (2005)

High temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation of 1310-nm single-frequency grating-outcoupled surface emitting (GSE) semiconductor lasers with output powers exceeding 3.0 mW into a multi-mode fiber, threshold currents below 30 mA and with > 30 dB side-mode suppression ratios at temperatures of up to 85 C are reported. These lasers consist of a 400 um long horizontal cavity, and a 15 um long second-order outcoupler grating sandwiched between 200 um long first-order distributed Bragg reflector (DBRs) gratings. Higher output powers can be achieved with longer outcoupler gratings. These GSE lasers operate at 3.125 Gbps and have a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) beam divergence of 7 x 13 degrees.
Dynamic Bayesian Networks for Vehicle Classification in Video (2011)

Vehicle classification has evolved into a significant subject of study due to its importance in autonomous navigation, traffic analysis, surveillance and security systems, and transportation management. While numerous approaches have been introduced for this purpose, no specific study has been conducted to provide a robust and complete video-based vehicle classification system based on the rear-side view where the camera's field of view is directly behind the vehicle. In this paper, we present a stochastic multiclass vehicle classification system which classifies a vehicle (given its direct rear-side view) into one of four classes: sedan, pickup truck, SUV/minivan, and unknown. A feature set of tail light and vehicle dimensions is extracted which feeds a feature selection algorithm to define a low-dimensional feature vector. The feature vector is then processed by a hybrid dynamic Bayesian network to classify each vehicle. Results are shown on a database of 169 videos for four classes.
Root Colonization of Soybean Cultivars in the Field by <i>Fusarium solani</i> f. sp. <i>glycines</i> (1999)

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, is a problem in some soybean-growing areas in the United States. Resistance is an important control strategy. In this study, root colonization of six soybean cultivars by F. solani f. sp. glycines was determined. Cultivars included susceptible P3981, CM497, and Spencer and field resistant LS90-1920, Pharaoh, and Ripley. All cultivars were tested in field experiments at different locations in southern Illinois in 1997 and 1998. Roots were collected at six sampling times and were dried and ground to isolate and enumerate the pathogen on a selective medium. SDS foliar disease index (FDX), the area under the F. solani f. sp. glycines population curve (AUPC), the incidence of colonized roots at 45 days after planting (RCI<sub>45</sub>), and the root colonization rate (RCR) were used to compare cultivars. FDX on the three resistant cultivars was significantly lower than on the three susceptible cultivars. Means of AUPC on the three resistant cultivars were significantly lower than those on the susceptible CM497 and P3981. RCI<sub>45</sub> of Pharaoh was significantly lower than those of P3981 and Spencer. RCRs of all three resistant cultivars were significantly lower than that of P3981, and RCR of Ripley was also significantly lower than that of CM497. Based on combination of all cultivars, AUPC was significantly correlated with RCI<sub>45</sub> and RCR.
Compact lens-less holographic memory (2002)

A common problem of many holographic memory systems is that they must occupy relatively large areas in order to accommodate the various imaging optics necessary for system operation. A typical memory system requires an imaging lens system between the input and output devices, such as a spatial light modulator (SLM) and charge-coupled device (CCD). The memory system we describe here integrates the various system components very closely to the crystal by using a smart pixel array and making use of phase-conjugate read-out to eliminate the need for imaging optics. This significantly reduces the alignment requirements and the number of required components. Our angularly multiplexed integrated read/write memory system is shown. An optoelectronic integrated circuit, which we refer to as the dynamic hologram refresher (DHR), functions as both a spatial light modulator and a detector array. Liquid crystal beam steerers are attached to the two faces of the crystal perpendicular to the signal beam path. These beam steerers address the angularly multiplexed memory. Holograms are recorded by the interference of the signal beam (from the DHR) with the forward reference wave entering the top face of the crystal; when writing holograms, the DHR acts as a spatial light modulator. The counter-propagating reference wave (illuminating the crystal from the bottom) is employed to reconstruct holograms. The reference beam is steered into either the forward or conjugate paths by means of a twisted-nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) device which switches the polarization in the reference arm.
Multifunctional DNA Interactions of Ru−Pt Mixed Metal Supramolecular Complexes with Substituted Terpyridine Ligands (2009)

The coupling of a light absorbing unit to a bioactive site allows for the development of supramolecules with multifunctional interactions with DNA. A series of mixed metal supramolecular complexes that couple a DNA-binding cis-Pt(II)Cl(2) center to a ruthenium chromophore via a polyazine bridging ligand have been prepared, and their DNA interactions have been studied, [(TL)RuCl(dpp)PtCl(2)](PF(6)) (TL = tpy (2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), MePhtpy (4'-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), or (t)Bu(3)tpy (4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine). This series provides for unique tridentate coordinated Ru(II) systems to photocleave DNA with preassociation with the DNA target via coordination of the Pt(II) center. Electronic absorption spectroscopy of the complexes displays intense ligand-based pi-->pi* transitions in the UV region and metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions in the visible region. The Ru(dpi)-->dpp(pi*) MLCT transitions occur at 545 nm, red-shifted relative to the 520 nm maxima for the monometallic synthons, [(TL)RuCl(dpp)](PF(6)). The title RuPt complexes display reversible Ru(II/III) oxidative couples at 1.10, 1.10, and 1.01 V vs Ag/AgCl for TL = tpy, MePhtpy, and (t)Bu(3)tpy, respectively. The TL(0/-) reduction occurred at -1.43, -1.44, and -1.59 V vs Ag/AgCl for TL = tpy, MePhtpy, and (t)Bu(3)tpy, respectively. These complexes display a dpp(0/-) couple (-0.50 -0.55, and -0.59 V) significantly shifted to positive potential relative to their monometallic synthons (-1.15, -1.16, and -1.22 V), consistent with the bridging coordination of the dpp ligand. Coupling of (TL)Ru(II)Cl(BL) subunit to a cis-Pt(II)Cl(2) site provides for the application of photochemically inactive Ru(II)(tpy)-based chromophores in DNA photocleavage applications. The [(TL)RuCl(dpp)PtCl(2)](+) complexes display covalent binding to DNA and photocleavage upon irradiation with visible light modulated by TL identity. The redox, spectroscopic, DNA-binding, and photocleavage properties of a series of supramolecular complexes are presented.
Microbial fuel cells based on carbon veil electrodes: Stack configuration and scalability (2008)

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of three different sizes of microbial fuel cell (MFC) when operated under continuous flow conditions using acetate as the fuel substrate and show how small-scale multiple units may be best configured to optimize power output. Polarization curve experiments were carried out for individual MFCs of each size, and also for stacks of multiple small-scale MFCs, in series, parallel and series–parallel configurations. Of the three combinations, the series–parallel proved to be the more efficient one, stepping up both the voltage and current of the system, collectively. Optimum resistor loads determined for each MFC size during the polarization experiments were then used to determine the long-term mean power output. In terms of power density expressed as per unit of electrode surface area and as per unit of anode volume, the small-sized MFC was superior to both the medium- and large-scale MFCs by a factor of 1.5 and 3.5, respectively. Based on measured power output from 10 small units, a theoretical projection for 80 small units (giving the same equivalent anodic volume as one large 500 mL unit) gave a projected output of 10 W m−3, which is approximately 50 times higher than the recorded output produced by the large MFC. The results from this study suggest that MFC scale-up may be better achieved by connecting multiple small-sized units together rather than increasing the size of an individual unit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.