gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Static and Live Digital Forensics: Methods, Practices and Tools (2013)

Analysis and examination of data is performed in digital forensics. Nowadays computer is the major source of communication which can also be used by the investigators to gain forensically relevant information. Forensic analysis can be done in static and live modes. Traditional approach pro- vides incomplete evidentiary data, while live analysis tools can provide the investigators a more accurate and consistent picture of the current and pre- viously running processes. Many important system related information present in volatile memory cannot be effectively recovered by using static analysis techniques. In this paper, we present a critical review of static and live analysis approaches and we evaluate the reliability of different tools and tech- niques used in static and live digital forensic analysis.
A primary screen of the bovine genome for quantitative trait loci affecting carcass and growth traits. (1999)

A primary genomic screen for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting carcass and growth traits was performed by genotyping 238 microsatellite markers on 185 out of 300 total progeny from a Bos indicus x Bos taurus sire mated to Bos taurus cows. The following traits were analyzed for QTL effects: birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage (DP), fat thickness (FT), marbling score (MAR), longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib bone (RibB), rib fat (RibF), and rib muscle (RibM), and the predicted whole carcass traits, retail product yield (RPYD), fat trim yield (FATYD), bone yield (BOYD), retail product weight (RPWT), fat weight (FATWT), and bone weight (BOWT). Data were analyzed by generating an F-statistic profile computed at 1-cM intervals for each chromosome by the regression of phenotype on the conditional probability of receiving the Brahman allele from the sire. There was compelling evidence for a QTL allele of Brahman origin affecting an increase in RibB and a decrease in DP on chromosome 5 (BTA5). Putative QTL at or just below the threshold for genome-wide significance were as follows: an increase in RPYD and component traits on BTA2 and BTA13, an increase in LMA on BTA14, and an increase in BWT on BTA1. Results provided represent a portion of our efforts to identify and characterize QTL affecting carcass and growth traits.
Coding for high availability of a distributed-parallel storage system (1998)

We have developed a distributed parallel storage system that employs the aggregate bandwidth of multiple data servers connected by a high-speed wide-area network to achieve scalability and high data throughput. This paper studies different schemes to enhance the reliability and availability of such network-based distributed storage systems. The general approach of this paper employs "erasure" error-correcting codes that can be used to reconstruct missing information caused by hardware, software, or human faults. The paper describes the approach and develops optimized algorithms for the encoding and decoding operations. Moreover, the paper presents techniques for reducing the communication and computation overhead incurred while reconstructing missing data from the redundant information. These techniques include clustering, multidimensional coding, and the full two-dimensional parity schemes. The paper considers trade-offs between redundancy, fault tolerance, and complexity of error recovery.
Prediction of the soil water retention curve for structured soil from saturation to oven‐dryness (2016)

The soil water retention curve ( SWRC ) is the most fundamental soil hydraulic function required for modelling soil–plant–atmospheric water flow and transport processes. The SWRC is intimately linked to the distribution of the size of pores, the composition of the solid phase and the soil specific surface area. Detailed measurement of the SWRC is impractical in many cases because of the excessively long equilibration times inherent to most standard methods, especially for fine textured soil. Consequently, it is more efficient to predict the SWRC based on easy‐to‐measure basic soil properties. In this research we evaluated a new two‐stage approach developed recently to predict the SWRC based on measurements for disturbed repacked soil samples. Our study involved undisturbed structured soil and took into account the effects of bulk density, organic matter content and particle‐size distribution. Independently measured SWRCs for 171 undisturbed soil samples with organic matter contents that ranged from 3 to 14% were used for model validation. The results indicate that consideration of the silt and organic matter fractions, in addition to the clay fraction, improved predictions for the dry‐end SWRC . The dry‐end results revealed that the smallest matric potential at hypothetical ‘ zero‐water‐content ’ varies between −45 000 and −125 000 m ( pF 6.65–7.1) even for soils with similar clay mineralogy. The sensitivity analysis of the two‐stage approach indicated that predicted SWRC results are more sensitive to bulk density than to organic matter content or soil texture. For the soils studied, the two‐stage approach showed reasonable agreement with measured data, with a root mean square error of 0.04 cm 3 cm −3 for the matric potential range from pF 1 to pF 6.6. Highlights Is a new approach to modelling the soil water retention ( SWR ) curve applicable to structured soil? The model accurately predicts the full SWR curve with an RMSE of 0.04 cm 3 cm −3 . Prediction accuracy of the wet part of the SWR curve was sensitive to variation in bulk density. The pF at zero water content, which affects the prediction of dry SWR , ranged from 6.65 to 7.10.
Introduction to the Mathematics of Medical Imaging (2008)

Preface to the second edition Preface How to use this nook Notational conventions 1. Measurements and modeling 2. Linear models and linear equations 3. A basic model for tomography 4. Introduction to the Fourier transform 5. Convolution 6. The radon transform 7. Introduction to Fourier series 8. Sampling 9. Filters 10. Implementing shift invariant filters 11. Reconstruction in X-ray tomography 12. Imaging artifacts in X-ray tomography 13. Algebraic reconstruction techniques 14. Magnetic resonance imaging 15. Probability and random variables 16. Applications of probability 17. Random processes A. Background material B. Basic analysis Bibliography Index.
Musical-Noise-Free Speech Enhancement Based on Optimized Iterative Spectral Subtraction (2012)

In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysis of the amount of musical noise in iterative spectral subtraction, and its optimization method for the least musical noise generation. To achieve high-quality noise reduction with low musical noise, iterative spectral subtraction, i.e., iteratively applied weak nonlinear signal processing, has been proposed. Although the effectiveness of the method has been reported experimentally, there have been no theoretical studies. Therefore, in this paper, we formulate the generation process of musical noise by tracing the change in kurtosis of noise spectra, and conduct a comparison of the amount of musical noise for different parameter settings but the same achieved level of noise attenuation. Furthermore, we theoretically derive the optimal internal parameters that generate no musical noise. It is clarified that to find a fixed point in kurtosis yields the no-musical-noise property. Comparative experiments with commonly used noise reduction methods show the proposed method's efficacy.
CHAPTER V (2011)

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Integration of IT service management into enterprise architecture (2007)

Enterprise architecture supports organizational engineering in many ways. Service orientation is regarded as dominant operations model for service providers -- within and beyond IT. As a consequence, it is important to integrate service management and service orientation into enterprise architecture. This paper proposes an enterprise architecture extension that achieves such an integration. IT service management is defined according to ITIL. Based on the integration of service management into enterprise architecture, the integration of Service Oriented Architecture is discussed as a further extension. The research is based on the Business Engineering approach and the guidelines of Method Engineering.
Hepatocytes produce TNF-α following hypoxia-reoxygenation and liver ischemia-reperfusion in a NADPH oxidase- and c-Src-dependent manner (2013)

Cell line studies have previously demonstrated that hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) leads to the production of NADPH oxidase 1 and 2 (NOX1 and NOX2)-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) required for the activation of c-Src and NF-κB. We now extend these studies into mouse models to evaluate the contribution of hepatocytes to the NOX- and c-Src-dependent TNF-α production that follows H/R in primary hepatocytes and liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). In vitro, c-Src-deficient primary hepatocytes produced less ROS and TNF-α following H/R compared with controls. In vivo, c-Src-KO mice also had impaired TNF-α and NF-κB responses following partial lobar liver I/R. Studies in NOX1 and p47phox knockout primary hepatocytes demonstrated that both NOX1 and p47phox are partially required for H/R-mediated TNF-α production. To further investigate the involvement of NADPH oxidases in the production of TNF-α following liver I/R, we performed additional in vivo experiments in knockout mice deficient for NOX1, NOX2, p47phox, Rac1, and/or Rac2. Cumulatively, these results demonstrate that NOX2 and its activator subunits (p47phox and Rac) control the secretion of TNF-α by the liver following I/R. Interestingly, in the absence of Kupffer cells and NOX2, NOX1 played a dominant role in TNF-α production following hepatic I/R. However, NOX1 deletion alone had little effect on I/R-induced TNF-α. Thus Kupffer cell-derived factors and NOX2 act to suppress hepatic NOX1-dependent TNF-α production. We conclude that c-Src and NADPH oxidase components are necessary for redox-mediated production of TNF-α following liver I/R and that hepatocytes play an important role in this process.
PP.LB01.19 (2015)

Objective: Patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease usually do not present clinically overt signs of orthostatic dysregulation. In the present study we aimed at investigating if the presence of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid sinus may alter baroreceptor function and thus heart rate variability (HRV) time-domain indices of autonomic tone and baroreflex sensitivity. Design and method: This was a cross-sectional study. We evaluated ECG R-R intervals in asymptomatic patients with carotid disease with an intima-media thickening (IMT) more than 0.8 mm. The atherosclerotic artery IMT was determined by B-mode and duplex ultrasonography. Baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic tone were determined through time-domain measures of HRV. Results: Of all time-domain measures of HRV investigated, we identified significant negative linear correlations between the common carotid artery IMT and time-domain HRV indexes reflecting baroreflex and autonomic tone: SDNN (standard deviation of R-R intervals), Spearman's r = −0.57, 95% CI: −0.78 to −0.25, P = 0.001; HRV triangular index (number of all R-R intervals / maximum number), Spearman's r = −0.62, 95% CI: −0.80 to −0.33, P = 0.0002; TINN (triangular interpolation of R-R intervals), Spearman's r = −0.59, 95% CI: −0.78 to −0.28, P = 0.0006. Similar strong negative correlations were found for subclavian IMT. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the SDNN, triangular index and TINN HRV biomarkers may be early predictors of atherosclerotic carotid and subclavian in subjects at risk and may be an indicator for ultrasound evaluation.
Rating of daytime and nighttime symptoms in RLS: validation of the RLS-6 scale of restless legs syndrome/Willis–Ekbom disease (2015)

At present, we view the RLS-6 not as a replacement for the IRLS but as a supplement, as each scale provides information not captured by the other.
Grammont inverted total shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis with massive rupture of the cuff (2004)

We reviewed 80 shoulders (77 patients) at a mean follow-up of 44 months after insertion of a Grammont inverted shoulder prosthesis. Three implants had failed and had been revised. The mean Constant score had increased from 22.6 points pre-operatively to 65.6 points at review. In 96% of these shoulders there was no or only minimal pain. The mean active forward elevation increased from 73 degrees to 138 degrees. The integrity of teres minor is essential for the recovery of external rotation and significantly influenced the Constant score. Five cases of aseptic loosening of the glenoid and seven of dissociation of the glenoid component were noted. This study confirms the promising early results obtained with the inverted prosthesis in the treatment of a cuff-tear arthropathy. It should be considered in the treatment of osteoarthritis with a massive tear of the cuff but should be reserved for elderly patients.
Single-mode properties of distributed-reflector lasers (1989)

The fundamental properties of a distributed-reflector (DR) laser, consisting of an active section and a passive distributed reflector section, are theoretically investigated. The DR laser, in principle, has the properties of high efficiency and high-power performance in dynamic-single-mode operation, thus eliminating the problems of low device efficiency in DFB (distributed-feedback) lasers and low output power in DBR (distributed Bragg reflector) lasers. The effective length of a DR including gain and loss, is introduced and is applied for the analytical determination of the lasing condition. The conditions required for dynamic-single-mode operation with one-facet output are given in terms of the propagation constant difference between the active and passive regions related to the coupling coefficient of the passive reflector. This condition is experimentally found to be attainable by utilizing a conventional fabrication process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elastomeric Ionic Hydrogel Sensor for Large Strains (2012)

An elastomeric hydrogel membrane containing dissolved salt is demonstrated to be a linear strain sensor for large strains up to 25%. AC sensing circuitry allows the ionic conductor to function as a sensor without polarization effects. The homogeneous gel is shown to be lacking a relaxation or hysteresis response found in the soft composite piezoresistors that are commonly used for large strain sensing. This allows operation of the sensor with minimal post-processing and increased accuracy during real-time operation. The gauge factor of the gel sensor is shown to be near two, consistent with the observation that the strain sensing of the material is solely derived from the deformation of the bulk. The very low Young's modulus of the gel (~1 kPa) allows deformation of a fabric substrate to be followed without significantly constraining the fabric. A prototype sleeve that uses these sensors for proprioceptive sensing of joint angle motion on a robotic arm is demonstrated as a potential application. Water loss from the hydrogel due to evaporation from the surface is slow. We show that the resulting trend in the impedance of the sensor can be easily corrected by simple signal processing.
Prospective Genomic Characterization of the German Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak by Rapid Next Generation Sequencing Technology (2011)

An ongoing outbreak of exceptionally virulent Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 centered in Germany, has caused over 830 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and 46 deaths since May 2011. Serotype O104:H4, which has not been detected in animals, has rarely been associated with HUS in the past. To prospectively elucidate the unique characteristics of this strain in the early stages of this outbreak, we applied whole genome sequencing on the Life Technologies Ion Torrent PGM™ sequencer and Optical Mapping to characterize one outbreak isolate (LB226692) and a historic O104:H4 HUS isolate from 2001 (01-09591). Reference guided draft assemblies of both strains were completed with the newly introduced PGM™ within 62 hours. The HUS-associated strains both carried genes typically found in two types of pathogenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Phylogenetic analyses of 1,144 core E. coli genes indicate that the HUS-causing O104:H4 strains and the previously published sequence of the EAEC strain 55989 show a close relationship but are only distantly related to common EHEC serotypes. Though closely related, the outbreak strain differs from the 2001 strain in plasmid content and fimbrial genes. We propose a model in which EAEC 55989 and EHEC O104:H4 strains evolved from a common EHEC O104:H4 progenitor, and suggest that by stepwise gain and loss of chromosomal and plasmid-encoded virulence factors, a highly pathogenic hybrid of EAEC and EHEC emerged as the current outbreak clone. In conclusion, rapid next-generation technologies facilitated prospective whole genome characterization in the early stages of an outbreak.
The process defines the product: what really matters in biosimilar design and production? (2017)

Biologic drugs are highly complex molecules produced by living cells through a multistep manufacturing process. The key characteristics of these molecules, known as critical quality attributes (CQAs), can vary based on post-translational modifications that occur in the cellular environment or during the manufacturing process. The extent of the variation in each of the CQAs must be characterized for the originator molecule and systematically matched as closely as possible by the biosimilar developer to ensure bio-similarity. The close matching of the originator fingerprint is the foundation of the biosimilarity exercise, as the analytical tools designed to measure differences at the molecular level are far more sensitive and specific than tools available to physicians during clinical trials. Biosimilar development, therefore, has a greater focus on preclinical attributes compared with the development of an original biological agent. As changes in CQAs can occur at different stages of the manufacturing process, even small modifications to the process can alter biosimilar attributes beyond the point of similarity and impact clinical effectiveness and safety. The manufacturer's ability to provide consistent production and quality control will greatly influence the acceptance of biosimilars. To this end, preventing drift from the required specifications over time and avoiding the various implications brought by product shortage will enhance biosimilar integration into daily practice. As most prescribers are not familiar with this new drug development paradigm, educational programmes will be needed so that prescribers see biosimilars as fully equivalent, efficacious and safe medicines when compared with originator products.
Loss of heterozygosity in ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i> of the breast (1995)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at loci reported to show allele loss in invasive breast cancers was examined in ductal in situ carcinomas of the breast using polymorphic short tandem repeats and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). LOH was detected at all loci examined in at least 11 per cent of the samples examined. The proportion of cases of in situ carcinoma showing LOH at these loci was similar to that previously reported in invasive cancers. Cases of pure in situ cancer without an invasive component exhibited an overall lower frequency of allele loss. LOH at more than one locus was observed in some intraductal cancers. In a small number of cases, LOH was present in the invasive but not in the intraductal component of the tumour, suggesting that mutation at the locus concerned was associated with development of invasive behaviour.
On the number of rounds necessary to disseminate information (1989)

Assume each processor in a network has some piece of information. We study how efficiently information can be spread in a communication network. Specifically, we investigate the number of rounds necessary to spread all the pieces of information to all processors. This problem is known as the "gossip" problem, and initially, the question was to determine the number of telephone calls necessary to achieve complete dissemination.
Near-Bayesian exploration in polynomial time (2009)

We consider the exploration/exploitation problem in reinforcement learning (RL). The Bayesian approach to model-based RL offers an elegant solution to this problem, by considering a distribution over possible models and acting to maximize expected reward; unfortunately, the Bayesian solution is intractable for all but very restricted cases. In this paper we present a simple algorithm, and prove that with high probability it is able to perform ε-close to the true (intractable) optimal Bayesian policy after some small (polynomial in quantities describing the system) number of time steps. The algorithm and analysis are motivated by the so-called PAC-MDP approach, and extend such results into the setting of Bayesian RL. In this setting, we show that we can achieve lower sample complexity bounds than existing algorithms, while using an exploration strategy that is much greedier than the (extremely cautious) exploration of PAC-MDP algorithms.
Data Recovery and Retiming for the Fully Buffered DIMM 4.8Gb/s Serial Links (2006)

Data recovery and retiming of 4.8Gb/s fully buffered DIMM serial links are described. A 2.4GHz retiming FIFO with an integrated insertion MUX is used to minimize the thru-latency. Fabricated in a 0.13μm 1.5V CMOS technology, the chip occupies 9.2 times 4.5mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Using wide-band CML techniques, the input sensitivity with a minimum eye-opening of 0.35UI, is better than 50mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-p</sub> at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup>
Superconductivity of (Pb, Sn, Ge)Te Semiconductor Film with a Little Pb Inclusion (1987)

The superconductivity (SC) behaviors of PbTe films containing Pb inclusion are observed below Tc of Pb (7.2K) in spite of a small amount of pb precipitate (1 at.%). In these films, random arrays of small Pb particles are considered to be coupled as Josephson junctions through host PbTe. Further a search for enhancement of Tc due to non-phonon mechanism by interactions between superconducting metal particles and excitons of narrow gap semiconductor in Pb1-xSnxTe and (or) Ge-ion motion in Pb1-xGexTe are undertaken. No enhancement of Tc is observed.
Recovery benefits of using a heat and moisture exchange mask during sprint exercise in cold temperatures (2017)

These negative responses to cold exposure were alleviated by the use of a heat and moisture exchange mask worn during the rest intervals by minimizing cold-induced temperature stress on the respiratory system with subsequent maintenance of cardiovascular function.
Bromodomain and extraterminal protein inhibitors in pediatrics: A review of the literature (2016)

The last few years have seen the identification of pharmacologic approaches to target bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins for cancer treatment. These proteins have an essential role in gene transcription regulation by binding acetylated lysine residues on histone tails, activating gene transcription. BET inhibitors have been tested in preclinical models including pediatric malignancies and several adult clinical trials are ongoing. Since the development of new drugs in pediatric cancer has long lagged behind programs for adults, the aim of this review is to show the importance of these therapies in pediatric malignancies to support their development in pediatric oncology/hematology.