gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic real-time bead height control with arc sensor (Report 2) - Development of multi-pass MAG arc welding system. (1986)

The automatic seam tracking system by arc sensor method developed by NKK has an original feature, that a weaving arc in a groove performs groove surface tracking under constant arc length control (AVC or ACC) and the turning point of weaving is controlled by the condition when torch height reaches to constant preset level. In this system, weaving width well corresponds to groove width independently to variation of deposited amount of metal. Namely, variation value of weaving width is same as that of groove width. Based on this relationship, welding speed control system has been developed. Where, only the variation value of weaving width is used as detected parameter, and optimum value of welding speed to keep bead height constant is calculated and output at every cycle of weaving. The pulsed MAG arc welding system for multi-pass welding of V shaped butt joint has been developed. Main function of this system is adaptive microcomputer control with above mentioned arc sensor method, such as seam tracking, weaving width control and bead height control for every pass of welding.In addition, following functions are also composed: built-up sequence control where number of passes is automatically decided from weaving width, simplified operating system by man-machine dialogic style with liquid crystal display and a key board, and use of a couple of optical fiber cable for transmission of multiple control signals. This system has been already applied to the fabrication of steel box columns.
Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of titanium silicide films (1985)

Films of titanium silicide have been deposited from gas mixtures of SiH4 and TiCl4 using laser irradiation to initiate chemical vapor deposition. Two different laser excitation sources have been used. A CO2 laser initiates deposition through the thermal decomposition of silane, whereas an ArF excimer laser causes deposition by the photolytic dissociation of titanium chloride. Both methods permit control of the substrate temperature independently from the reactor gas temperature. The substrate temperature has been found to strongly influence the resulting titanium silicide film morphology and crystal structure. The different chemistries initiated by the CO2 and excimer lasers have much less influence on the final film properties. Smooth films with a resistivity of 20 μΩ cm are obtained with either method by depositing the films at a low substrate temperature (400 °C) followed by an annealing step at elevated temperature (650–800 °C).
Microfluidic Platform for Measuring Neutrophil Chemotaxis from Unprocessed Whole Blood (2014)

Neutrophils play an essential role in protection against infections and their numbers in the blood are frequently measured in the clinic. Higher neutrophil counts in the blood are usually an indicator of ongoing infections, while low neutrophil counts are a warning sign for higher risks for infections. To accomplish their functions, neutrophils also have to be able to move effectively from the blood where they spend most of their life, into tissues, where infections occur. Consequently, any defects in the ability of neutrophils to migrate can increase the risks for infections, even when neutrophils are present in appropriate numbers in the blood. However, measuring neutrophil migration ability in the clinic is a challenging task, which is time consuming, requires large volume of blood, and expert knowledge. To address these limitations, we designed a robust microfluidic assays for neutrophil migration, which requires a single droplet of unprocessed blood, circumvents the need for neutrophil separation, and is easy to quantify on a simple microscope. In this assay, neutrophils migrate directly from the blood droplet, through small channels, towards the source of chemoattractant. To prevent the granular flow of red blood cells through the same channels, we implemented mechanical filters with right angle turns that selectively block the advance of red blood cells. We validated the assay by comparing neutrophil migration from blood droplets collected from finger prick and venous blood. We also compared these whole blood (WB) sources with neutrophil migration from samples of purified neutrophils and found consistent speed and directionality between the three sources. This microfluidic platform will enable the study of human neutrophil migration in the clinic and the research setting to help advance our understanding of neutrophil functions in health and disease.
A Fourier approach to pulse pile‐up in photon‐counting x‐ray detectors (2016)

The phenomenon of pulse pile-up is identified with the level-crossing problem of shot noise processes and an exact, analytic formula for the expected number of counts in energy-sensitive, photon-counting x-ray detectors for arbitrary photon flux, response function, and pulse-shapes is derived. The framework serves as a theoretical foundation for future works on pulse pile-up.
Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Rep Protein Enhances the Generation of a Recombinant Mini-Adenovirus (Ad) Utilizing an Ad/AAV Hybrid Virus (2000)

Mini-adenoviruses (mAd) deleted of all viral coding regions represent an emerging approach for transgene expression. We have exploited the unique features of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) terminal repeats within the context of an adenovirus-adeno-associated hybrid virus (Ad/AAV) as a strategy for rapid and efficient generation of mAd. Excision and generation of mAd from the parental Ad/AAV hybrid vector was achieved in 293 cells through recombination but without selection for mAd production. Analysis of mAd isolated from 293 cells indicated that mAd DNA exists as monomer and dimer forms within the recombinant viral capsid. Formation of recombinant mAd was significantly increased using an AAV Rep78- or Rep68-expressing cell line through Rep-mediated excision utilizing the AAV terminal repeat sequences present in the Ad/AAV hybrid virus genome. The mAd viruses were infectious and able to transfer functional gene to A549 and HeLa cells. This approach is rapid and efficient, thereby providing a simplified methodology for generating mAd with functional transducing capabilities.
LVRT performance limit of DFIG with traditional AC crowbar and DC-link brake approach (2012)

Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) system is subject to high transient voltage at rotor side when there is voltage sag at stator/grid side, which is beyond the capability of rotor side converter to handle. Traditional approach is to apply crowbar circuit to shunt the transient rotor current from the rotor side converter. DC-link brake is also typically applied to suppress the rise in DC bus voltage. This paper discusses the transient process and pointes out the performance limit for low voltage ride through (LVRT) with the traditional AC crowbar + DC-link brake approach. Both balanced and unbalanced grid faults will be addressed.
Intelligent CAD workstation for breast imaging using similarity to known lesions and multiple visual prompt aids (2002)

While investigators have been successful in developing methods for the computerized analysis of mammograms and ultrasound images, optimal output strategies for the effective and efficient use of such computer analyses are still undetermined. We have incorporated our computerized mass classification method into an intelligent workstation interface that displays known malignant and benign cases similar to lesions in question using a color-coding scheme that allows instant visual feedback to the radiologist. The probability distributions of the malignant and benign cases in the known database are also graphically displayed along with the graphical location of the unknown case relative to these two distributions. The effect of the workstation on radiologists' performance was demonstrated with two preliminary studies. In each study, participants were asked to interpret cases without and with the computer output as an aid for diagnosis. Results from our demonstration studies indicate that radiologists' performance, especially specificity, increases with the use of the aid.
Observation of apparent membrane tension in red blood cells using actively stabilized Hilbert phase microscopy (2006)

Stabilized Hilbert phase microscopy delivers quantitative phase images at millisecond and nanometer scales. We quantified the thermal membrane fluctuations in red blood cells and performed the first no-contact measurement of cytoskeleton-induced cell membrane tension.
Current understanding of endometrial stem cells (2009)

Somatic stem cells (SSCs) are defined as a rare population of undifferentiated cells residing in differentiated tissues and organs. Different studies and diverse approaches suggest the presence of SSCs in human and murine endometria. Owing to the lack of specific phenotypic markers to identify endometrial SSCs, they are defined by their functional properties. The embryological origin of the uterus and the putative implication of bone marrow in endometrial regeneration suggest their presumed mesenchymal origin. Nevertheless, more information is needed regarding the physiology of endometrial stem cells to understand the gynecological disorders associated with abnormal endometrial proliferation, such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer.
Improved acoustic coupling of air-coupled micromachined ultrasonic transducers (2014)

Phased array imaging with micromachined ultrasound transducer (MUT) arrays is widely used in applications such as ranging, medical imaging, and gesture recognition. In a phased array, the maximum spacing between elements must be less than half of the wavelength to avoid large sidelobes. This places a limit on the maximum transducer size which is not attractive since the acoustic coupling drops rapidly for MUT diameters less than a wavelength. Here, we present a new approach to increase the acoustic coupling of small radius MUTs using an impedance matching resonant tube etched beneath the MUT. Impedance, laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), and acoustic burst measurements confirm a 350% increase in SPL and 8x higher bandwidth compared to transducers without the impedance matching tube, enabling compact arrays with high fill-factor and efficiency.
Efficacy of dapagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction according to body mass index (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036124.
A New Design for a Compact Centrifugal Blood Pump with a Magnetically Levitated Rotor (2004)

A compact centrifugal blood pump has been developed using a radial magnetic bearing with a two-degree of freedom active control. The proposed magnetic bearing exhibits high stiffness, even in passively controlled directions, and low power consumption because a permanent magnet, incorporated with the rotor, suspends its weight. The rotor is driven by a Lorentz force type of built-in motor, avoiding mechanical friction and material wear. The built-in motor is designed to generate only rotational torque, without radial and axial attractive forces on the rotor, leading to low power consumption by the magnetic bearing. The fabricated centrifugal pump measured 65 mm in diameter and 45 mm in height and weighed 0.36 kg. In the closed loop circuit filled with water, the pump provided a flow rate of 4.5 L/min at 2,400 rpm against a pressure head of 100 mm Hg. Total power consumption at that point was 18 W, including 2 W required for magnetic levitation, with a total efficiency of 5.7%. The experimental results showed that the design of the compact magnetic bearing was feasible and effective for use in a centrifugal blood pump.
An optical-coding method to measure particle distribution in microfluidic devices (2011)

We demonstrated an optical coding method to measure the position of each particle in a microfluidic channel. The technique utilizes a specially designed pattern as a spatial mask to encode the forward scattering signal of each particle. From the waveform of the forward scattering signal, one can obtain the information about the particle position and velocity. The technique enables us to experimentally investigate the complex relations between particle positions within the microfluidic channel and flow conditions and particle sizes. The method also produces insight for important phenomenon in microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices such as inertial focusing, Dean flow, flow confinement, etc.
An integrated Bayesian approach to layer extraction from image sequences (1999)

This paper describes a Bayesian approach for modeling 3D scenes as a collection of approximately planar layers that are arbitrarily positioned and oriented in the scene. In contrast to much of the previous work on layer based motion modeling, which compute layered descriptions of 2D image motion, our work leads to a 3D description of the scene. We focus on the key problem of automatically segmenting the scene into layers as a precursor to recovery of stereo disparity data. The prior assumptions about the scene are formulated within a Bayesian decision making framework, and are then used to automatically determine the number of layers and the assignment of individual pixels to layers. Although using a collection of 3D layers has been previously proposed as an efficient and effective representation for multimedia applications, results to date have relied on hand segmentation. In contrast, the work described aims at fully automatic segmentation.
Quantification of tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase (Tu M2-PK) in human carcinomas. (1997)

Proliferating and tumor cells express a certain isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase, called PK type M2. This isoenzyme can be isolated in an active tetrameric and an inactive dimeric form. We have termed this form tumor type M2-PK. This tumor type pyruvate kinase can be quantified by a specific ELISA in blood sera and tumor homogenates. In this study we have compared 26 normal colon mucosa and colon cancer specimens from the same patients. The total specific pyruvate kinase activity and the amount of the tumour type M2-PK measured by ELISA was increased in the tumor samples compared to the normal colon mucosa of the same patient. In normal colon mucosa the specific PK-activity ranged between 0.21 and 1.25 U/mg protein whereas in colon carcinoma we found activities between 0.99 and 7.08 U/mg. The amount of tumor M2-PK measured by ELISA ranged between 0.82 and 27.10 U/mg protein in normal colon mucosa and between 1.96 and 242.40 U/mg protein in colon carcinoma. The tumor M2-PK content in the serum of 666 healthy blood donors was measured by ELISA and compared to sera from 15 colon carcinoma patients and showed a highly significant difference (Mann-Whitney rank sum test, p < 0.001). The values for the 50%-percentiles (median) of blood donors were 10.8 U/ml and 55.0 U/ml for colon carcinoma.
Rheological Properties of (Meth)acrylic Cross-Linked Polymer Microparticles, 1. Comparison with Linear Polymers in Bulk and in Non-Reactive Solvents (2002)

The rheological properties of cross-linked polymer microparticle (CPM) solutions have been studied regarding the influence of the CPM structure. CPM have been synthesized by dispersion polymerization, with the degree of cross-linking varying between 0 and 10% (i.e., with the concentration of diacrylate monomer cross-linking agent ranging from 0 to 10 mol-%). The structure of the CPM has also been changed by using optionally a semi-crystalline stabilizing agent monomer, based on a C18 aliphatic chain. The resulting CPM were either semi-crystalline or totally amorphous with a high Tg. Typical linear acrylic polymers (acrylic LP) have also been synthesized by solution polymerization and compared to the CPM. Dilute solutions in toluene or xylene were used to measure the intrinsic viscosity of polymers with a capillary viscosimeter. More concentrated solutions in the same solvents were used to determine the influence of the shear rate and of the CPM structure and concentration on the solution viscosity with a cone and plate viscosimeter. Because of the intramolecular cross-links, weak interactions took place in dilute solutions between the CPM, resulting in very low viscosity and low dependence on the molar mass, with respect to the acrylic LP. A low molar mass dependence was also found for CPM in bulk, without critical molar mass due to chain entanglement. Concentrated CPM solutions led to shear thinning behavior. It greatly depended on the microparticle structure, especially on the presence of the C18 aliphatic chains. Solutions of cross-linked polymer microparticles without these aliphatic chains can decrease the viscosity by 500 times between low and high shear rates. Thixotropy was observed for CPM solutions with concentrations higher than 20 wt.-%. The recovery time was highly influenced by the CPM concentration, ranging from a few tens of seconds to about two minutes.
Computational Redesign of Acyl-ACP Thioesterase with Improved Selectivity toward Medium-Chain-Length Fatty Acids (2017)

Enzyme and metabolic engineering offer the potential to develop biocatalysts for converting natural resources into a wide range of chemicals. To broaden the scope of potential products beyond natural metabolites, methods of engineering enzymes to accept alternative substrates and/or perform novel chemistries must be developed. DNA synthesis can create large libraries of enzyme-coding sequences, but most biochemistries lack a simple assay to screen for promising enzyme variants. Our solution to this challenge is structure-guided mutagenesis in which optimization algorithms select the best sequences from libraries based on specified criteria (i.e. binding selectivity). Here, we demonstrate this approach by identifying medium-chain (C<sub>6</sub>-C<sub>12</sub>) acyl-ACP thioesterases through structure-guided mutagenesis. Medium-chain fatty acids, products of thioesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis, are limited in natural abundance compared to long-chain fatty acids; the limited supply leads to high costs of C<sub>6</sub>-C<sub>10</sub> oleochemicals such as fatty alcohols, amines, and esters. Here, we applied computational tools to tune substrate binding to the highly-active 'TesA thioesterase in <i>Escherichia coli.</i> We used the IPRO algorithm to design thioesterase variants with enhanced C<sub>12</sub>- or C<sub>8</sub>-specificity while maintaining high activity. After four rounds of structure-guided mutagenesis, we identified three thioesterases with enhanced production of dodecanoic acid (C<sub>12</sub>) and twenty-seven thioesterases with enhanced production of octanoic acid (C<sub>8</sub>). The top variants reached up to 49% C<sub>12</sub> and 50% C<sub>8</sub> while exceeding native levels of total free fatty acids. A comparably sized library created by random mutagenesis failed to identify promising mutants. The chain length-preference of 'TesA and the best mutant were confirmed <i>in vitro</i> using acyl-CoA substrates. Molecular dynamics simulations, confirmed by resolved crystal structures, of 'TesA variants suggest that hydrophobic forces govern 'TesA substrate specificity. We expect that the design rules we uncovered and the thioesterase variants identified will be useful to metabolic engineering projects aimed at sustainable production of medium-chain oleochemicals.
Development of a small prototype for a proof-of-concept of OpenPET imaging (2011)

The OpenPET geometry is our new idea to visualize a physically opened space between two detector rings. In this paper, we developed the first small prototype to show a proof-of-concept of OpenPET imaging. Two detector rings of 110 mm diameter and 42 mm axial length were placed with a gap of 42 mm. The basic imaging performance was confirmed through phantom studies; the open imaging was realized at the cost of slight loss of axial resolution and 24% loss of sensitivity. For a proof-of-concept of PET image-guided radiation therapy, we carried out the in-beam tests with (11)C radioactive beam irradiation in the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba to visualize in situ distribution of primary particles stopped in a phantom. We showed that PET images corresponding to dose distribution were obtained. For an initial proof-of-concept of real-time multimodal imaging, we measured a tumor-inoculated mouse with (18)F-FDG, and an optical image of the mouse body surface was taken during the PET measurement by inserting a digital camera in the ring gap. We confirmed that the tumor in the gap was clearly visualized. The result also showed the extension effect of an axial field-of-view (FOV); a large axial FOV of 126 mm was obtained with the detectors that originally covered only an 84 mm axial FOV. In conclusion, our initial imaging studies showed promising performance of the OpenPET.
Pangenome analysis of Bifidobacterium longum and site-directed mutagenesis through by-pass of restriction-modification systems (2015)

Comparative genomic analysis of thirty three B. longum representatives revealed a closed pan-genome for this bifidobacterial species. Phylogenetic analysis of the B. longum core genome also provides evidence for a novel fifth B. longum subspecies. Finally, we improved genetic accessibility for the strain B. longum subsp. longum NCIMB 8809, which allowed the generation of a mutant of this strain.
Nature-inspired delivery of mitochondria-targeted angiotensin receptor blocker (2022)

Mitochondria are critical regulators of cellular function and survival. We have previously demonstrated that functional angiotensin receptors embedded within the inner mitochondrial membrane modulate mitochondrial energy production and free radical generation. The expression of mitochondrial angiotensin II type-1 receptors increases during aging, with a complementary decrease in angiotensin II type-2 receptor density. To address this age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, we have developed a mitochondria-targeted delivery system to effectively transport angiotensin type-1 receptor blocker-Losartan (mtLOS) into the inner mitochondrial membrane. We engineered mtLOS to become active within the mitochondria after cleavage by mitochondrial peptidases. Our data demonstrate effective and targeted delivery of mtLOS into the mitochondria, compared to a free Losartan, or Losartan conjugated to a scrambled mitochondrial target signal peptide, with significant shifts in mitochondrial membrane potential upon mtLOS treatment. Furthermore, engineered mitochondrial-targeting modalities could open new avenues to transport nonmitochondrial proteins into the mitochondria, such as other macromolecules and therapeutic agents.
Real-Time DAS VSP Acquisition and Processing (2020)

Summary For real-time seismic data quality control and delivery, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems need to synchronize with the seismic controller. We describe a DAS system that has the ability to encode all auxiliary seismic signals, such as GPS timing, time break signal, vibe sweep, ground force, and hydrophone pressure, directly onto the optical data stream using a series of piezo-electric fiber stretchers in-line with the sensing fiber. Similar to conventional, wireline or permanent geophone VSP data acquisition systems, the time break signal is utilized to trigger data acquisition, which ensures precise time synchronization at sub-millisecond accuracy between the DAS system and the seismic source. The DAS system can operate in either master or slave mode relative to the seismic source, with synchronization via radio or 4G telemetry between the seismic controller and the DAS unit. The system enables effective data management and the real-time generation of 1 ms sampled seismic and navigation data that conforms to the industry-standard SEGY data format; thus eliminating latency between acquisition and field data deliverables.