gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Holographic wavefront sensor: fast sensing, no computing (2007)

We present results of a fast holographic wavefront sensor. The modal device consists of a multiplexed hologram designed to diffract a single input beam into multiple output beams depending on the amplitude of particular Zernike terms. The aberration and amplitude are determined by the spatial location and intensity of the reconstructed focused spots. The sensing does not require any calculations, so the device is simple, compact and fast. In fact, using several position sensing detectors (PSD), a full description of the wave aberration can be obtained at rates in excess of 100 kHz. The holographic wavefront sensor can be reconfigured for any type of basis set, and is easily adaptable to laser mode profiling. In this talk we will present results of the both the theory and operation of our holographic wavefront sensor.
Thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polyesters and polyesteramides (1981)

Abstract Thermotropic behaviour is observed in a number of aromatic polyesteramides containing p ‐phenylene or substituted p ‐phenylene groups. In such polymers, a substantial proportion of co‐polymerised units lacking rigid rod structure can be tolerated without loss of thermotropic behaviour. Anisotropic melts can be formed at very short average chain length. The upper temperature limit of stability of the anisotropic phase is lower the shorter the average chain length and the greater the proportion of relatively flexible units. Some polyesteramides formally derived from p ‐N‐methylaminophenol also exhibit thermotropic behaviour.
Electrical Twitch-Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation in Lower Back Pain (2004)

Chu J, Yuen K, Wang B, Chan RC, Schwartz I, Neuhauser D: Electrical twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation in lower back pain: A pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83:104 –111.
Abstract LB-007: Intracellular delivery of SOCS3 suppresses pancreatic cancer progression (2018)

Abstract Background JAK/STAT signaling, regulated by SOCS family proteins, plays a role in the progression of the inflammation, growth and metastasis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. SOCS3 suppresses JAK kinase activity and degrades the activated cytokine receptor complex, and its loss contributes to pancreatic cancer development. We have developed advanced macromolecule transduction domains (aMTDs) to deliver recombinant proteins into to cells and tissues. In principle, aMTD enabled SOCS3 could provide an effective treatment for pancreatic tumors that depends on JAK/STAT signaling for growth or survival. Objective The present study utilized aMTD sequences to develop improved cell-permeable (iCP-) SOCS3 as a protein-based biotherapeutic against pancreatic cancer. Method Improved cell-permeable SOCS3 proteins, with and without a 12-amino acid aMTD sequence, were expressed at high yields in E. coli. The proteins also contained a solubilization domain (SD) to enhance the solubility of the recombinant proteins in physiological buffers. Results The iCP-SOCS3 exhibited high solubility, cell-/tissue-permeability and biological activity in pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC3, HPAC and PANC-1) with decreased endogenous SOCS3 levels, hyperactived JAK/STAT signaling and hypermethylated socs3 promoter region. The iCP-SOCS3 suppressed cancer-associated phenotypes (i.e., up to 90% inhibition of cell viability, 52% induction of apoptosis, 14.8% inhibition of cell cycle progression, 54% inhibition of migration and 61.5% inhibition of invasion) in pancreatic cancer cells dependent on elevated JAK/STAT signaling, whereas, these effects were not observed in non-cancer cells (H6c7, pancreatic duct epithelial cell) or with proteins lacking the aMTD sequence. In contrast, gemcitabine, a conventional pancreatic cancer therapeutic, showed undesirable cytotoxic effects including decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in non-cancer cells. Furthermore, iCP-SOCS3 (30 mg/kg) induced tumor regression (-168% at day 18) in PANC-1 CDX model. In BxPC-3 orthotopic CDX model, iCP-SOCS3 suppressed tumor growth by 98% which was significantly higher compared to the suppressed tumor growth induced by gemcitabine (77%). Correlating to the tumor suppression, iCP-SOCS3 significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-α and the expression of p-STAT1, p-STAT3 and VEGF in tumor tissues. Conclusion These results provide further evidence that SOCS3 can function as a tumor suppressor and intracellular delivery of SOCS3 with iCP-SOCS3 may provide a novel protein therapy against pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Kuysook Lee, Seulmee Shin, Yunseo Hwang, Youngsil Choi, Daewoong Jo. Intracellular delivery of SOCS3 suppresses pancreatic cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-007.
Fabrication and Properties of Organic Light-Emitting “Nanodiode” Arrays (2002)

Fabrication of discrete, structurally regular, highly ordered, nanoscale organic light-emitting diode (OLED) arrays using a variant of nanosphere lithography is communicated. We report patterning, imaging, and the device current−voltage−luminescence characteristics of arrays of OLED nanostructures (ITO/ self-assembled N(p-C6H4CH2CH2CH2SiCl3)3-derived injection layer/1,4-bis(1-naphthylphenylamino)biphenyl/aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinolate) (Alq): 1% N,N‘-di-isoamyl quinacridone/Al) of a length scale previously unrealized (40−90 nm/side). Minimal alteration/degradation of device response characteristics is demonstrated for OLED size compression to nanoscale, thereby offering new possibilities for nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
<title>Improved reflectance and stability of Mo/Si multilayers</title> (2001)

Commercial EUV lithographic systems require multilayers with higher reflectance and better stability then that published to date. This work represents our effort to meet these specifications. Interface-engineered Mo/Si multilayers with 70% reflectance at 13.5 nm wavelength (peak width of 0.545 nm) and 71% at 12.7 nm wavelength (peak width of 0.49 nm) were developed. These results were achieved with 50 bilayers. These new multilayers consist of Mo and Si layers separated by thin boron carbide layers. Depositing boron carbide on interfaces leads to reduction in silicide formation of the Mo-on-Si interfaces. Bilayer contraction is reduced by 30% implying that there is less intermixing of Mo and Si to form silicide. As a result the Mo-on-Si interfaces are sharper in interface-engineered multilayers than in standard Mo/Si multilayers. The optimum boron carbide thicknesses have been determined and appear to be different for Mo-on-Si and Si-on-Mo interfaces. The best results were obtained with 0.4 nm thick boron carbide layer for the Mo-on-Si interface and 0.25 nm thick boron carbide layer for the Si-on-Mo interface. Increase in reflectance is consistent with multilayers with sharper and smoother interfaces. A significant improvement in oxidation resistance of EUV multilayers has been achieved with ruthenium terminated Mo/Si multilayers. The best capping layer design consists of a Ru layer separated from the last Si layer by a boron carbide diffusion barrier. This design achieves high reflectance and the best oxidation resistance in a water vapor (i.e. oxidation) environment. Electron beam exposures of 4.5 hours in the presence of 5x10<SUP>-7</SUP> torr water vapor partial pressure show no measurable reflectance loss and no increase in the oxide thickness of Ru terminated multilayers. Longer exposures in different environments are necessary to test lifetime stability of many years.
Serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG Subclass Responses to the RgpA-Kgp Proteinase-Adhesin Complex of<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>in Adult Periodontitis (2000)

Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgG subclass responses to the RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complex of Porphyromonas gingivalis were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using adult periodontitis patients and age- and sex-matched controls. Twenty-five sera from subjects with adult periodontitis (diseased group) and 25 sera from healthy subjects (control group) were used for the study. Sera and subgingival plaque samples from 10 sites were collected from each patient at the time of clinical examination. The level of P. gingivalis in the plaque samples was determined using a DNA probe. Highly significant positive associations between the percentage of sites positive for P. gingivalis and measures of disease severity (mean pocket depth, mean attachment loss, and percentage of sites that bled on probing) were found. The diseased group had significantly higher specific IgG responses to the RgpA-Kgp complex than did the control group, and the responses were significantly associated with mean probing depths and percentage of sites positive for P. gingivalis. Analysis of the IgG subclass responses to the RgpA-Kgp complex revealed that the subclass distribution for both the diseased and control groups was IgG4 > IgG2 > IgG3 = IgG1. The IgG2 response to the complex was positively correlated with mean probing depth, whereas the IgG4 response was negatively correlated with this measure of disease severity. Immunoblot analysis of the RgpA-Kgp complex showed that sera from healthy subjects and those with low levels of disease, with high IgG4 and low IgG2 responses, reacted with the RgpA27, Kgp39, and RgpA44 adhesins; however, sera from diseased subjects with low IgG4 and high IgG2 responses reacted only with the RgpA44 and/or Kgp44 adhesins. Epitope mapping of the RgpA27 adhesin localized a major epitope recognized by IgG4 antibodies in sera from subjects with high IgG4 and low IgG2 responses to the RgpA-Kgp complex which was not recognized by sera from diseased subjects with low IgG4 and high IgG2 responses.
Growth, Properties, and Device Applications of III-Nitride Nanowire Heterostructures (2012)

This book chapter provides an overview of the recent developments of III-nitride nanowire heterostructures consisting of GaN, AlN, InN, and their alloys. The growth techniques and mechanisms for IIInitride nanowires are first briefly reviewed, followed by detailed discussions on the structural, optical and electrical transport properties of various III-nitride nanowire heterostructures. Special attention is paid to the recent achievement of high quality InN, InGaN core-shell, as well as dot-in-a-wire nanoscale heterostructures. The emerging device applications of III-nitride nanowires, including nanoscale transistors, LEDs, lasers, and solar cells are presented, and the challenges and future prospects of III-nitride nanowires are also discussed.
The Columbia Multi-Document Summarizer for DUC 2002 (2002)

The Columbia Summarizer for DUC 2002 is basedon the multi-document summarization system thatwe developed for DUC 2001 (McKeown et al.,2001). It is a composite system that uses differ-ent summarization strategies depending on the typeof documents in the input set. This year, we havefour different strategies, one for single events, onefor multiple related events, one for biographies andone for discussion of an issue with related events.The changes that we implemented this year fell intofour categories: routing of document sets to strate-gies, statistical techniques for determining similarityand important content, editing of text for productionof abstracts, and changes affecting formatting errors.In addition to producing abstracts as summaries, wealso created a version which produces extracts.
Improved Timing Windows Overlap Check Using Statistical Timing Analysis (2011)

To reduce pessimism in cross talk analysis, a key technique that is employed is the use of timing windows. However, timing windows are associated with corners, hence the use of a single corner timing windows during analysis can lead to optimism. Alternately if the timings windows from best and worst corners are combined to create a wider window, it can lead to excessive pessimism. We propose an approach based on parametrized statistical timing analysis modeling to overcome the shortcomings of the existing approaches, and to account for process variations in the definition of timing-windows. We show that this approach can overcome both the issues in the current approaches.
Generative Adversarial Networks for Failure Prediction (2019)

Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is an emerging engineering discipline which is concerned with the analysis and prediction of equipment health and performance. One of the key challenges in PHM is to accurately predict impending failures in the equipment. In recent years, solutions for failure prediction have evolved from building complex physical models to the use of machine learning algorithms that leverage the data generated by the equipment. However, failure prediction problems pose a set of unique challenges that make direct application of traditional classification and prediction algorithms impractical. These challenges include the highly imbalanced training data, the extremely high cost of collecting more failure samples, and the complexity of the failure patterns. Traditional oversampling techniques will not be able to capture such complexity and accordingly result in overfitting the training data. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel algorithm for failure prediction using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN-FP). GAN-FP first utilizes two GAN networks to simultaneously generate training samples and build an inference network that can be used to predict failures for new samples. GAN-FP first adopts an infoGAN to generate realistic failure and non-failure samples, and initialize the weights of the first few layers of the inference network. The inference network is then tuned by optimizing a weighted loss objective using only real failure and non-failure samples. The inference network is further tuned using a second GAN whose purpose is to guarantee the consistency between the generated samples and corresponding labels. GAN-FP can be used for other imbalanced classification problems as well.
Sintering of Magnesium (2010)

Abstract Sintering of magnesium powder is strongly inhibited by a stable oxide layer that is formed immediately after exposure to air. In contrast to e.g. titanium, no solubility of oxygen in solid magnesium is reported; therefore, the oxide layer is not dissolved during sintering. In this study, different methods are investigated in order to overcome this problem. It is shown that magnesium can be sintered if the sintered parts are surrounded by magnesium getter material. Calcium additions improve sinterability. The optimum calcium content lies in the range of 0.6 wt%.
Study of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor Removal Efficiency by Physical and Chemical Processes (2012)

Abstract Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors (KHI) is added to the produced fluids in oil and gas fields. Hydrate formation is a major flow assurance issue and the petroleum industry spends millions of dollars annually in this area. Kinetic inhibitors act as anti-nucleator and delay the formation of gas hydrates. The advantages of these chemicals that they are more economical and added at a low dosage without disturbing the pipeline flow. Globally, different proprietary KHI compounds are used in various locations. One specific KHI was used in the present work. Considering that produced water containing KHI may have negative impact on the environment during discharge, efficient treatment solutions to remove KHI are needed. The objective of the present laboratory investigation is to address the various treatment methods, namely membrane process and advanced oxidation process for removal of KHI. These treatment processes have huge potential to be implemented in the oil & gas industry for environmental sustainability. Membrane processes based on Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse osmosis (RO) were investigated using synthetic produced water containing KHI. The experiments were carried out using a bench scale membrane unit. The removal efficiency of KHI was found to be greater than 99%, 99%, and 83% for RO, NF & UF membrane, respectively. The chemical process based on ozonation was also investigated. The ozone effectively degraded 75% of KHI polymer with ozone dosage of 0.73 g/h. The extent of oxidation of KHI is dosage/time dependent. To the author's knowledge, this is the first work reported in the literature regarding KHI removal by membrane technology and advanced oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: COBRA‐1, a Rationally‐Designed Epoxy‐THF Containing Compound with Potent Tubulin Depolymerizing Activity as a Novel Anticancer Agent. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enantiomerically enriched, polycrystalline molecular sieves (2017)

Zeolite and zeolite-like molecular sieves are being used in a large number of applications such as adsorption and catalysis. Achievement of the long-standing goal of creating a chiral, polycrystalline molecular sieve with bulk enantioenrichment would enable these materials to perform enantioselective functions. Here, we report the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched samples of a molecular sieve. Enantiopure organic structure directing agents are designed with the assistance of computational methods and used to synthesize enantioenriched, polycrystalline molecular sieve samples of either enantiomer. Computational results correctly predicted which enantiomer is obtained, and enantiomeric enrichment is proven by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The enantioenriched and racemic samples of the molecular sieves are tested as adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts. The enantioenriched molecular sieves show enantioselectivity for the ring opening reaction of epoxides and enantioselective adsorption of 2-butanol (the R enantiomer of the molecular sieve shows opposite and approximately equal enantioselectivity compared with the S enantiomer of the molecular sieve, whereas the racemic sample of the molecular sieve shows no enantioselectivity).
Radioimmunoassay for thymopoietin. [/sup 125/I tracer technique] (1976)

A radioimmunoassay for thymopoietin was developed that detects thymopoietin concentrations greater than 5 ng/ml. A critical point in development of the radioimmunoassay was preparation of /sup 125/I-labeled thymopoietin by the Bolton-Hunter method, since direct iodination of tyrosyl residues impaired the immunoreactivity of thymopoietin.
Antiviral efficacy against influenza virus and pharmacokinetic analysis of a novel MEK-inhibitor, ATR-002, in cell culture and in the mouse model (2020)

Antiviral therapies against influenza are required, especially for high-risk patients, severe influenza and in case of highly pathogenic influenza virus (IV) strains. However, currently, licensed drugs that target the virus directly are not very effective and often lead to the development of resistant IV variants. This may be overcome by targeting host cell factors that are required for IV propagation. IV induces a variety of host cell signaling cascades, such as the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase pathway. The activation of this pathway is necessary for IV propagation. MEK-inhibitors block the activation of the pathway on the bottleneck of the signaling cascade leading to impaired virus propagation. In the present study, we aimed to compare the antiviral potency and bioavailability of the MEK-inhibitor CI-1040 versus its major active metabolite ATR-002, in vitro as well as in the mouse model. In cell culture assays, an approximately 10-fold higher concentration of ATR-002 is required to generate the same antiviral activity as for CI-1040. Interestingly, we observed that considerably lower concentrations of ATR-002 were required to achieve a reduction of the viral load in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies with ATR-002 and CI-1040 in mice have found the C<sub>max</sub> and AUC to be far higher for ATR-002 than for CI-1040. Our results thereby demonstrate the in vivo superiority of the active metabolite ATR-002 over CI-1040 as an antiviral agent despite its weaker cell membrane permeability. Therefore, ATR-002 is an attractive candidate for development as an efficient antiviral agent, especially given the fact that a treatment based on cellular pathway inhibition would be far less likely to lead to viral drug resistance.
Electrical safety, electrical hazards &amp; the 2015 NFPA 70E, time to update Annex K? (2014)

Sharing the same goals and overlapping membership, IEEE and NFPA are committed to improving electrical safety in the workplace. Knowledge about electrical hazards, especially arc flash hazards, has expanded greatly since the first, 2002 edition of the IEEE Standard 1584, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations. In the NFPA 70E Standard, 2004 edition, the 1584 arc-flash hazard calculations were included in the recommended methods for quantifying the potential incident energy exposure. In 2004 IEEE and NFPA initiated the IEEE/NFPA Arc Flash Collaboration Project to conduct research and testing which would lead to a greater scientific understanding of the arc flash hazard. Presently, IEEE Standard 1584 is in the process of major revision. Subsequent editions of NFPA 70E - the 2009, 2012 and the draft 2015 - have greatly expanded the coverage of the arc flash hazard. However, NFPA 70E Annex K, which addresses the general categories of electrical hazards, has changed little since the 2004 edition, except for the addition of a short paragraph on arc blast hazards in 2009. This paper suggests content for change in the 2018 NFPA 70E Annex K.
Regional myocardial oxygen tension: <sup>19</sup>F MRI of sequestered perfluorocarbon (1996)

Abstract A novel noninvasive method of measuring local myocardial oxygen tension (pO 2 ) In the perfused rat heart using 19 F MRI is demonstrated. Tissue pO 2 was determined on the basis of the 19 F spin‐lattice relaxation rate (R1) of perflubron (perfluorooctyl bromide) sequestered in the heart after IV infusion of an emulsion. Spectroscopic measurement of R1 was previously used to measure a global weighted average of oxygen status. 19 F MRI now provides 3D spatial resolution indicating local cardiac pO 2 under normally perfused, globally ischemic, and regionally ischemic conditions.
Effective built-in self test for Booth multipliers (1998)

Booth multipliers, widely used as embedded cores in general-purpose data path structures and specialized digital signal processors, pose serious testability problems. This generic BIST scheme does not require DFT modifications in the multiplier structure, guarantees fault coverage higher than 99%, and can be adopted by any module generator.
Metals Identification from Instrumented Spherical Indentation Testing (2013)

A new integrated system consisting of a testing machine, denominated Diaptometro, and of an algorithm for metallic materials identification via instrumented spherical indentation testing is presented. The identification is carried out by analyzing the experimental load – penetration depth curve ( curve) from shallow indentation tests, thus preventing any contact condition effects in the material properties estimation. Accuracy in the experimental data collecting and the curve representation were recognized to be the key factors at the basis of reliable and accurate estimations. A new equipment with accuracies of 0.075% and 0.1% for the penetration depth and indentation load respectively was specifically built-up, whereas a four-terms power expansion is proposed for modeling the curve in the identification procedure. Experimental validation campaigns confirm the effectiveness of the adopted solutions.