gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D-Printed Metal–Organic Framework Monoliths for Gas Adsorption Processes (2017)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promising performance in separation, adsorption, reaction, and storage of various industrial gases; however, their large-scale applications have been hampered by the lack of a proper strategy to formulate them into scalable gas-solid contactors. Herein, we report the fabrication of MOF monoliths using the 3D printing technique and evaluation of their adsorptive performance in CO<sub>2</sub> removal from air. The 3D-printed MOF-74(Ni) and UTSA-16(Co) monoliths with MOF loadings as high as 80 and 85 wt %, respectively, were developed, and their physical and structural properties were characterized and compared with those of MOF powders. Our adsorption experiments showed that, upon exposure to 5000 ppm (0.5%) CO<sub>2</sub> at 25 °C, the MOF-74(Ni) and UTSA-16(Co) monoliths can adsorb CO<sub>2</sub> with uptake capacities of 1.35 and 1.31 mmol/g, respectively, which are 79% and 87% of the capacities of their MOF analogues under the same conditions. Furthermore, a stable performance was obtained for self-standing 3D-printed monolithic structures with relatively good adsorption kinetics. The preliminary findings reported in this investigation highlight the advantage of the robocasting (3D printing) technique for shaping MOF materials into practical configurations that are suitable for various gas separation applications.
An HCCI Engine: Power Plant for a Hybrid Vehicle (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines offer a great potential in achieving high thermal efficiency and extremely low NOx at the same time. However, control of combustion phasing over a wide speed and load range has been a challenge, especially during transient operations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes work conducted at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, which explores the potential use of an HCCI engine as a power plant for a hybrid vehicle. A four-cylinder, 1.9 L commercial diesel engine was modified to operate with port-injected regular grade gasoline in HCCI mode. The combustion phasing is controlled by a combination of boost, EGR and thermal management as a function of engine speed and load.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As a stand-alone unit, the engine has demonstrated a wide operation range with efficiency like that of a diesel engine and NOx below 0.2 g/kWh. At room temperature, the engine starts in SI mode and then transitions to HCCI in about 25 seconds. If the engine is warm (oil temperature is above 50°C), it starts directly in HCCI mode. The engine can also operate and make transitions smoothly along a 3.5 to 40 kW power curve when the engine is warm. Work to expand the power range and reduce the transient time is underway. However, the capability of the engine as demonstrated would allow it to be utilized as a power plant for a hydraulic hybrid motor vehicle.</div>
Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in saliva (1993)

The nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was applied to investigate hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), saliva, and serum of patients with chronic type C hepatitis. The specificity of the amplified products was analyzed and confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blot hybridization, and restriction endonuclease pattern analysis. HCV RNA was detectable in the PBMCs of 24% (12/50) of the patients. The HCV RNA detected in PBMCs was not due to the contamination from plasma, since no viral sequences could be detected in the third washing of PBMCs. Of the 12 patients with HCV RNA in PBMCs, five were negative for HCV RNA sequences in the serum. Thus the presence of HCV RNA in PBMCs was not strictly correlated to the results for sera. Among 25 patients with HCV RNA in their saliva, 18 were negative for PBMCs. Among 25 patients without HCV RNA in their saliva, five had HCV RNA in PBMCs. In conclusion, PBMCs are an extrahepatic target for chronic HCV infection. However, we do not suggest that PBMCs act as a vehicle for carrying HCV to saliva, since the presence of HCV RNA in PBMCs and in saliva was not closely correlated.
Expression of the Activating Receptor, NKp46 (CD335), in Human Natural Killer and T-Cell Neoplasia (2013)

Collectively, these data support the diagnostic utility of CD335 in evaluating hematopoietic malignancies and suggest that CD335 could be a useful target for selective immunotherapy in patients with mature NK and T-cell neoplasms.
Towards stem cell therapies for skeletal muscle repair (2020)

Skeletal muscle is an ideal target for cell therapy. The use of its potent stem cell population in the form of autologous intramuscular transplantation represents a tantalizing strategy to slow the progression of congenital muscle diseases (such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) or regenerate injured tissue following trauma. The syncytial nature of skeletal muscle uniquely permits the engraftment of stem/progenitor cells to contribute to new myonuclei and restore the expression of genes mutated in myopathies. Historically however, the implementation of this approach has been significantly limited by the inability to expand undifferentiated muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in culture whilst maintaining transplantation potential. This is crucial, as MuSC expansion and/or genetic manipulation is likely necessary for therapeutic applications. In this article, we review recent studies that have provided a number of important breakthroughs to tackle this problem. Progress towards this goal has been achieved by exploiting biochemical, biophysical and developmental paradigms to construct innovative in vitro strategies that are guiding stem cell therapies for muscle repair towards the clinic.
Precision techniques for whole wafer dicing and thinning of superconducting mixer circuits (2001)

Present designs for millimeter and submillimeter superconducting mixer circuits often require finished quartz wafer thicknesses from a few mils to less than a mil. Typically this is accomplished by first dicing the wafer into individual chips and then thinning each chip separately. In our new process the entire wafer is first diced; however, the cuts are only made two mils deeper than the desired finished chip thickness. An ultra-flat Si wafer is prepared with a 5 /spl mu/m thick Apiezon-W black wax coating on both sides. The quartz wafer is mounted to the Si carrier, cuts side down, which is itself mounted to a stainless steel lapping block. The "stack" of block/Si/quartz is then placed in a tool designed to permit compression of the sandwich to 30 psi at 145C. In this process the quartz wafer is positioned flat with respect to the Si wafer to better than +/-2.5 /spl mu/m. The stack is then lapped and polished through the backside of the wafer, into the cuts to the desired wafer thickness to better than +/-5 /spl mu/m. The Si/quartz bilayer is subsequently removed from the block resulting in a fully diced and thinned quartz wafer.
Removal of Toxoplasma gondii cysts from the brain by perforin-mediated activity of CD8+ T cells (40.16) (2010)

Abstract Chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans. Formation of tissue cysts is the basis of persistence of the parasite in infected hosts and this cyst stage has generally been regarded as untouchable. Here we provide the first evidence that the immune system can eliminate T. gondii cysts from the brains of infected hosts when immune T cells are transferred into infected immunodeficient animals that have already developed large numbers of the cysts. This T cell-mediated immune process was associated with accumulation of microglia and macrophages around tissue cysts. CD8+ immune T cells possess a potent activity to remove the cysts. The initiation of this process by CD8+ T cells does not require their production of IFN-γ, the major mediator to prevent proliferation of tachyzoites during acute infection, but does require perforin. These results suggest that CD8+ T cells induce elimination of T. gondii cysts through their perforin-mediated cytotoxic activity. Our findings provide a new mechanism of the immune system to fight against chronic infection with T. gondii and suggest a possibility of developing a novel vaccine to eliminate cysts from patients with chronic infection and to prevent the establishment of chronic infection after a newly acquired infection.
Antiseptic Technology: Access, Affordability, and Acceptance (2001)

Factors other than antimicrobial activity of soaps and antiseptic agents used for hand hygiene by health personnel play a role in compliance with recommendations. Hand hygiene products differ considerably in acceptance by hospital personnel. If switching from a nonmedicated soap to an antiseptic agent or increased use of an existing antiseptic agent for hand hygiene prevented a few more infections per year, additional expenditures for antiseptic agents would be offset by cost savings.
Performance of 60 A, 1200 V 4H-SiC DMOSFETs (2009)

Large area (8 mm x 7 mm) 1200 V 4H-SiC DMOSFETs with a specific on-resistance as low as 9 m•cm2 (at VGS = 20 V) able to conduct 60 A at a power dissipation of 200 W/cm2 are presented. On-resistance is fairly stable with temperature, increasing from 11.5 m•cm2 (at VGS = 15 V) at 25°C to 14 m•cm2 at 150°C. The DMOSFETs exhibit avalanche breakdown at 1600 V with the gate shorted to the source, although sub-breakdown leakage currents up to 50 A are observed at 1200 V and 200°C due to the threshold voltage lowering with temperature. When switched with a clamped inductive load circuit from 65 A conducting to 750 V blocking, the turn-on and turn-off energies at 150°C were less than 4.5 mJ.
Structured critical analysis correction of a systematic review (2021)

: The SCA is a logical approach to provide critical thinking in SRs to ensure appropriate conclusions. This is especially important, as many SRs report contradictory evidence. Also, the reader can use the SCA format to better understand existing literature.
Electroabsorption modulator based on inverted-rib-type silicon waveguide including double graphene layers (2017)

We investigate, theoretically, a compact graphene-based electroabsorption modulator (EAM). The compactness of the EAM arises from an inverted-rib-type (IRT) silicon waveguide including a graphene-oxide-graphene stack. The EAM consists of input and output waveguides, which are conventional silicon strip waveguides, and the IRT waveguide efficiently connected to them through tapering regions. The stack is located in the region where the fundamental transverse electric mode of the IRT waveguide is mainly confined. Hence, the IRT waveguide mode strongly interacts with the graphene layers. Moreover, the IRT waveguide can be realized without complex high-precision processes. The calculated modulation depth of the IRT waveguide is 0.41 dB ??m-1 when the chemical potential of graphene is tuned between 0.2 and 0.6 eV. It is more than two times larger than those of previous graphene-covered silicon waveguides. The EAM, with a 3 dB extinction ratio, employs an IRT waveguide of length 7-8 ??m. This EAM is analyzed and found to have an optical bandwidth of 100 nm, an electrical bandwidth of up to 46.4 GHz, and energy consumption smaller than 630 fJ bit-1. Such EAMs based on IRT waveguides may play an important role in off-chip optical interconnection.
SARS-CoV-2 in Wildlife (2022)

As we have read so far in this book, many health emergencies are directly linked to our environment. During COVID-19, attention to climate change and species depletion has been somewhat sidelined. In this bonus chapter, we pose questions to Dr Alan B. Franklin about zoonosis and the link to climate. Dr Franklin, a supervisory research biologist from the USDA National Wildlife Research Center in Colorado, USA, researches the ecology and dynamics of wildlife populations, integrating wildlife population ecology with wildlife disease ecology, pathogen surveillance and monitoring in wildlife, and the ecology of pathogens in wildlife populations at the wildlife-agricultural and wildlife-human interfaces.
Distributed flow controller for mobile ad-hoc networks (2013)

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring, self-organized, and infrastructureless network of mobile stations, connected by radio links. The challenge to ensure network's operation means to continuously maintain updated information about the network's topology, the characteristics of the radio links and security at all levels. Due to the decentralized nature of the network, this is quite difficult. Distributed coordination and control of MANET has always been a challenge for network designers. This paper presents a proposal for a distributed flow controller, a new approach regarding the network architecture for MANET. From the perspective of the current approaches, the entire network has to be treated as a whole, from the point of view of the management, control and data plane. Our proposed approach, based on the paradigm of SDN (Software Design Network), implies a clear separation between the data plane and the control plane. This separation leads to greater flexibility on the control network, to the possibility of dynamic reconfiguration, and to the improvement of its security.
Low Dimensional Platinum-Based Bimetallic Nanostructures for Advanced Catalysis (2019)

The development of renewable energy storage and conversion has been greatly promoted by the achievements in platinum (Pt)-based catalysts, which possess remarkable catalytic performance. However, the high cost and limited resources of Pt have hindered the practical applications and thus stimulated extensive efforts to achieve maximized catalytic performance with minimized Pt content. Low dimensional Pt-based bimetallic nanomaterials (such as nanoplates and nanowires) hold enormous potential to realize this target owing to their special atomic arrangement and electronic structures. Recent achievements reveal that strain engineering (e.g., the compressive or tensile strain existing on the Pt skin), surface engineering (e.g., high-index facets, Pt-rich surface, and highly open structures), and interface engineering (e.g., composition-segregated nanostructures) for such nanomaterials can readily lead to electronic modification, more active sites, and strong synergistic effect, thus opening up new avenues toward greatly enhanced catalytic performance. In this Account, we focus on recent advances in low dimensional Pt-based bimetallic nanomaterials as promising catalysts with high activity, long-term stability, and enhanced selectivity for both electrocatalysis and heterogeneous reactions. We begin by illustrating the important role of several strategies on optimizing the catalytic performance: (1) regulated electronic structure by strain effect, (2) increased active sites by surface modification, and (3) the optimized synergistic effect by interfacial engineering. First of all, a difference in atomic bonding strength can result in compressive or tensile force, leading to downshift or upshift of the d-band center. Such effects can be significantly amplified in low-dimensionally confined nanostructures, producing optimized bonding strength for improved catalysis. Furthermore, a high density of high-index facets and a Pt-rich surface in shape-controlled nanostructures based on surface engineering provide further enhancement due to the increased Pt atom utilization and optimal adsorption energy. Finally, interfacial engineering of low dimensional Pt-based bimetallic nanomaterials with high composition-segregation can facilitate the catalytic process due to a strong synergetic effect, which effectively tunes the electronic structure, modifies the coordination environment, and prevents catalysts from serious aggregation. The rational design of low dimensional Pt-based bimetallic nanomaterials with superior catalytic properties based on strain, surface, and interface engineering could help realize enhanced catalysis, gain deep understanding of the structure-performance relationship, and expand access to Pt-based materials for general communities of materials science, chemical engineering, and catalysis in renewable energy research fields.
Poly(phenylene oxide) functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups via flexible alkyl spacers for high-performance anion exchange membranes (2015)

Hydroxide ion conductivity and alkaline stability of anion exchange membranes were dramatically improved by placing quaternary ammonium groups on long alkyl side chains.
Template‐Confined Dewetting Process to Surface Nanopatterns: Fabrication, Structural Tunability, and Structure‐Related Properties (2011)

Abstract Metallic surface nanopatterns are prepared by a template‐confined dewetting process with multiple structural controllabilities. The morphology of the building blocks is homogeneous throughout the surface nanopatterns, as the dewetting process proceeds separately in each bowl. The features of the building units in the surface patterns are highly dependent on the annealing temperature. Importantly, the size and composition of the nanoparticles in the surface nanopatterns can be pre‐calculated and designed by manipulating the thickness of the evaporated metallic films. The heating temperature and composition of the building units influence the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmonic properties, thus tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance peaks over a broad range (from visible to near infrared). The introduction of silver in the gold surface nanopatterns enhances the SERS performance dramatically. This work not only provides a powerful route to fabricate surface nanopatterns, but also supplies a platform to study the mechanism of the complicated dewetting processes of metals.
EventNet: A Large Scale Structured Concept Library for Complex Event Detection in Video (2015)

Event-specific concepts are the semantic concepts designed for the events of interest, which can be used as a mid-level representation of complex events in videos. Existing methods only focus on defining event-specific concepts for a small number of predefined events, but cannot handle novel unseen events. This motivates us to build a large scale event-specific concept library that covers as many real-world events and their concepts as possible. Specifically, we choose WikiHow, an online forum containing a large number of how-to articles on human daily life events. We perform a coarse-to-fine event discovery process and discover 500 events from WikiHow articles. Then we use each event name as query to search YouTube and discover event-specific concepts from the tags of returned videos. After an automatic filter process, we end up with 95,321 videos and 4,490 concepts. We train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model on the 95,321 videos over the 500 events, and use the model to extract deep learning feature from video content. With the learned deep learning feature, we train 4,490 binary SVM classifiers as the event-specific concept library. The concepts and events are further organized in a hierarchical structure defined by WikiHow, and the resultant concept library is called EventNet. Finally, the EventNet concept library is used to generate concept based representation of event videos. To the best of our knowledge, EventNet represents the first video event ontology that organizes events and their concepts into a semantic structure. It offers great potential for event retrieval and browsing. Extensive experiments over the zero-shot event retrieval task when no training samples are available show that the EventNet concept library consistently and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art (such as the 20K ImageNet concepts trained with CNN) by a large margin up to 207%.
A Multiscale Optimization Approach to Detect Exudates in the Macula (2014)

Pathologies that occur on or near the fovea, such as clinically significant macular edema (CSME), represent high risk for vision loss. The presence of exudates, lipid residues of serous leakage from damaged capillaries, has been associated with CSME, in particular if they are located one optic disc-diameter away from the fovea. In this paper, we present an automatic system to detect exudates in the macula. Our approach uses optimal thresholding of instantaneous amplitude (IA) components that are extracted from multiple frequency scales to generate candidate exudate regions. For each candidate region, we extract color, shape, and texture features that are used for classification. Classification is performed using partial least squares (PLS). We tested the performance of the system on two different databases of 652 and 400 images. The system achieved an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.96 for the combination of both databases and an AUC of 0.97 for each of them when they were evaluated independently.
A Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis on the Safety of Secondary Infusions (2012)

Secondary infusions are a common and convenient method to administer intermittent infusions unattended through a single IV access using infusion pump technology.Previous studies have indicated that clinicians have a high frequency of committing operation errors while administering secondary infusions, which can cause patient harm.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of secondary infusion practice by identifying and analyzing potential failure modes when delivering secondary infusions on five different smart infusion pumps.Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) was used to prioritize potential failure modes that are considered high-risk for each pump.Results showed that four of the five pumps were not able to mitigate physical set-up errors.As well, each pump contributed differently to programming errors due to difference in interface design.Recommendations from this study focused on outlining desired infusion pump features and mitigation strategies to help alleviate high-risk secondary infusion failure modes.
In vitro reconstitution of a hexagonal array with a surface layer protein synthesized by Bacillus subtilis harboring the surface layer protein gene from Bacillus brevis 47 (1989)

Bacillus brevis 47 contains two surface layer proteins, termed the outer wall protein and the middle wall protein (MWP), which form a hexagonal array in the cell wall. Introduction of the MWP structural gene into Bacillus subtilis by using a low-copy-number plasmid led to the synthesis of an immunoreactive polypeptide with a molecular mass almost the same as that of the MWP synthesized by B. brevis 47. Biochemical analysis indicated that most of the MWP synthesized by B. subtilis was localized in the cytoplasmic fraction. This was further confirmed by using immunogold electron microscopy. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the MWP purified from the cytoplasm of B. subtilis indicated that the MWP was precursor with a signal peptide of 23 amino acid residues to the amino terminus of the mature protein. The precursor of the MWP possessed the ability to reassemble in vitro on the B. brevis 47 peptidoglycan layer, resulting in the formation of almost the same hexagonal arrays as with the mature MWP purified from B. brevis 47, judging from images averaged at a resolution of about 2.5 nm. Furthermore, a center-to-center distance of the hexagonal lattice on the envelope reconstituted by using the precursor MWP was calibrated as 18.3 nm, which was almost identical to the value of 17.8 nm obtained with the mature protein.
Can Health Promoting Schools contribute to the better health and wellbeing of young people? The Hong Kong experience (2006)

The results suggest that comprehensive implementation of HPS would contribute to differences in certain behaviours and self reported health and academic status.