gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated process development of a reactive extraction concept for itaconic acid and application to a real fermentation broth (2017)

Itaconic acid (IA) has a high potential to be used as a bio-based platform chemical and its biocatalytic production via fermentation has significantly improved within the last decade. Additionally downstream processing using reactive extraction (RE) was described, potentially enabling a more efficient sustainable bioprocess producing IA. The bottleneck to overcome is the connection of up- and downstream processing, caused by lack of biocompatibility of the RE systems and direct application to fermentation broth. Within this study, a biocompatible RE system for IA is defined (pH dependency, extraction mechanism) and used for direct application to a fermentation broth. By optimizing the biocatalyst, the production medium, and the extraction system in an integrated approach, it was possible to define critical parameters that enabled a tuning of the overall bioprocess. With an extraction yield of <i>Y</i> <sub>IA</sub> = 0.80 ± 0.03, IA could be produced as sole carboxylic acid ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>IA</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>aq</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 0.490 mol/kg<sup>aq</sup>) using a RE system consisting of ethyl oleate as organic solvent and tri-<i>n</i>-octylamine as extractant ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>org</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 0.6 mol/kg<sup>org</sup>). This work is a proof of concept and demonstrates that by joint consideration of up- and downstream processing, optimized bioprocesses can be developed.
Noble Metal-Like Behavior of Plasmonic Bi Particles as a Cocatalyst Deposited on (BiO)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> Microspheres for Efficient Visible Light Photocatalysis (2014)

Novel plasmonic Bi nanoparticles deposited in situ in (BiO)2CO3 microspheres (Bi/BOC) were fabricated via a one-pot hydrothermal treatment of bismuth citrate, sodium carbonate, and thiourea. Different characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV–vis DRS, PL, time-resolved fluorescence spectra, and photocurrent generation, were performed to investigate the structural and optical properties of the as-prepared samples. The results indicated that the Bi nanoparticles were generated on the surface of (BiO)2CO3 microspheres via the in situ reduction of Bi3+ by thiourea. The Bi nanoparticle deposited (BiO)2CO3 microspheres were employed for the photocatalytic removal of NO in air under visible light irradiation, and the sample exhibited a drastically enhanced photocatalytic activity and oxidation ability. The highly enhanced activity was attributed to the cooperative contribution of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, the efficient separation of electron–hole pairs, and the prolonged lifetime of charge carriers by the Bi nanoparticles. The behavior of Bi nanoparticles as a cocatalyst for enhancing photocatalytic activity is similar to that of noble metals in photocatalysis. When the amount of thiourea was controlled at 5%, the corresponding Bi/BOC sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity and exceeded those of other types of visible light photocatalysts, such as nonmetal-doped TiO2, C3N4, BiOBr, N-doped (BiO)2CO3, and even Ag-deposited (BiO)2CO3. The visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi/BOC was also tested at different wavelengths and with different light sources. It was found that the high activity could be well maintained even under a 5 W energy-saving light, demonstrating its great potential in practical applications. On the basis of DMPO-ESR spin trapping, the active species produced from Bi/BOC under visible light were hydroxyl radicals. Bi/BOC could produce more hydroxyl radicals in comparison to BOC due to the SPR effect of Bi, contributing to the enhanced oxidation ability. Furthermore, the Bi/BOC sample displayed a high photochemical stability under repeated irradiation. This work demonstrated the great feasibility of utilizing low-cost Bi nanoparticles as a substitute for noble metals to enhance visible light photocatalysis.
<i>Endometriosis and Tissue Factor</i> (2008)

Tissue factor (TF), is a cellular receptor that binds the ligand factor VII/VIIa to initiate the blood coagulation cascade. In addition to its role as the initiator of the hemostatic cascade, TF is known to be involved in angiogenesis via an interaction with factor VIIa and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). In this article we review previous studies from our laboratory demonstrating that the pattern and level of TF expression is altered in multiple cell types derived from eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis compared with normal endometrium. We posit that the inflammatory environment that occurs in ectopic and eutopic endometrium from patients with disease results in high TF expression that in turn, signals via PAR-2 to further produce inflammatory cytokine or chemokine production and macrophage recruitment. Thus, our studies suggest that TF might be an ideal target for therapeutic intervention in endometriosis.
Doping and de-doping of carbon nanotube transparent conducting films by dispersant and chemical treatment (2008)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersed with Nafion in a solvent mixture containing de-ionized water and 1-propanol (bisolvent) were sprayed on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate to fabricate flexible transparent conducting films (TCFs). Different SWCNT-to-Nafion ratios were used to optimize the film performance of transparence and sheet resistance. The TCFs were then immersed in nitric acid. These steps resulted in p-type doping due to the presence of Nafion in the SWCNT network and de-doping (removal of doping effect) by the acid treatment. X-Ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the de-doping effect occurred with the partial removal of Nafion from the nanotube surface by the nitric acid treatment, which improved the film conductivity by a factor of ∼4 with negligible change in transmittance.
Restoring Mitochondrial Function: A Small Molecule-mediated Approach to Enhance Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Cholesterol Accumulated Pancreatic beta cells (2016)

Dyslipidemia, particularly the elevated serum cholesterol levels, aggravate the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. In the present study we explored the relationship between fasting blood sugar and serum lipid parameters in human volunteers which revealed a significant linear effect of serum cholesterol on fasting blood glucose. Short term feeding of cholesterol enriched diet to rodent model resulted in elevated serum cholesterol levels, cholesterol accumulation in pancreatic islets and hyperinsulinemia with modest increase in plasma glucose level. To explore the mechanism, we treated cultured BRIN-BD11 pancreatic beta cells with soluble cholesterol. Our data shows that cholesterol treatment of cultured pancreatic beta cells enhances total cellular cholesterol. While one hour cholesterol exposure enhances insulin exocytosis, overnight cholesterol accumulation in cultured pancreatic beta cells affects cellular respiration, and inhibits Glucose stimulated insulin secretion. We further report that (E)-4-Chloro-2-(1-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) hydrazono) ethyl) phenol (small molecule M1) prevents the cholesterol mediated blunting of cellular respiration and potentiates Glucose stimulated insulin secretion which was abolished in pancreatic beta cells on cholesterol accumulation.
Dual-pumped degenerate Kerr oscillator in a silicon nitride microresonator (2015)

We demonstrate a degenerate parametric oscillator in a silicon nitride microresonator. We use two frequency-detuned pump waves to perform parametric four-wave mixing and operate in the normal group-velocity dispersion regime to produce signal and idler fields that are frequency degenerate. Our theoretical modeling shows that this regime enables generation of bimodal phase states, analogous to the χ(2)-based degenerate OPO. Our system offers potential for realization of CMOS-chip-based coherent optical computing and an all-optical quantum random number generator.
Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Presenting as a Breast Lump: A Rare Presentation of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2021)

Approximately one-fourth of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) present with an extranodal origin. Primary and secondary involvements of the breast by lymphoma are rare because of the paucity of lymphoid tissue in the breast. Primary breast small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) typically presents as a manifestation of widespread chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A 58-year-old female presented to our clinic with a palpable breast mass. She had no cytopenias and her absolute peripheral B lymphocyte count was less than 5000/microL. The mass was biopsied and histology with immunohistochemistry showed neoplastic cells positive for CD23 and CD5 confirming the diagnosis of small B cell lymphocytic lymphoma of the breast. Further imaging revealed extensive mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Histopathology of bone marrow biopsy revealed diffuse infiltration with SLL. The patient was treated with six cycles of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) with excellent clinical response. To our knowledge, this is the first case of SLL infiltration of the breast without CLL treated successfully with FCR.
Proactive Ethernet Congestion Control based on link utilization estimation (2016)

In the quest of providing a deterministic backplane-like behaviour a mechanism called ECCP (Ethernet Congestion Control & Prevention) was proposed where specialized and expensive devices were replaced by commodity Ethernet switches while still keeping the router properties, e.g. low-latency packet delivery, no packet loss within the fabric and fair share of the bandwidth. However, ECCP uses a self-induced congestion probing model which can cause queue length fluctuation in addition to the network bandwidth wastage due to the probes. Therefore, we propose enhancements to the algorithm used by ECCP to reduce probe packet overhead. In our solution NoP-ECCP (ECCP with no probes), we use a link utilization estimation technique instead of the estimation of the available bandwidth. The results obtained through simulations show that NoP-ECCP outperforms ECCP in terms of fairness, link utilization and queue length.
A High-Efficiency AC-to-DC Adaptor With a Low Standby Power Consumption (2008)

A two-stage burst mode control scheme for an AC-to-DC adaptor is proposed in this paper. An upper limit for the output voltage is set to turn off both AC/DC and DC/DC controllers at no load. The burst-mode operations of the DC/DC and the AC/DC converters are in turn enabled when reaching the lower limit of the output voltage. Load analysis at standby mode is performed. A 50-mW no-load power loss is observed on an 80 W/12 V prototype adaptor.
18. international papillomavirus conference. Program and abstracts (2000)

Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn Cientìfica
The Measles Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Tail Domain Is Dispensable for Viral Polymerase Recruitment and Activity (2013)

Paramyxovirus genomes are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes consisting of nucleoprotein (N)-encapsidated viral RNA. Measles virus (MeV) N features an amino-terminal RNA-binding core and a 125-residue tail domain, of which only the last 75 residues are considered fully mobile on the nucleocapsid surface. A molecular recognition element (MoRE) domain mediates binding of the viral phosphoprotein (P). This P N-tail interaction is considered instrumental for recruiting the polymerase complex to the template. We have engineered MeV N variants with tail truncations progressively eliminating the MoRE domain and upstream tail sections. Confirming previous reports, RNPs with N truncations lacking the carboxyl-terminal 43-residues harboring the MoRE domain cannot serve as polymerase template. Remarkably, further removal of all tail residues predicted to be surface-exposed significantly restores RNP bioactivity. Insertion of structurally dominant tags into the central N-tail section reduces bioactivity, but the negative regulatory effect of exposed N-tail stems is sequence-independent. Bioactive nucleocapsids lacking exposed N-tail sections are unable to sustain virus replication, because of weakened interaction of the advancing polymerase complex with the template. Deletion of the N-MoRE-binding domain in P abrogates polymerase recruitment to standard nucleocapsids, but polymerase activity is partially restored when N-tail truncated RNPs serve as template. Revising central elements of the current replication model, these data reveal that MeV polymerase is capable of productively docking directly to the nucleocapsid core. Dispensable for polymerase recruitment, N-MoRE binding to P-tail stabilizes the advancing polymerase-RNP complex and may rearrange unstructured central tail sections to facilitate polymerase access to the template.
Quantification of Patient and Equipment Handling for Nurses through Direct Observation and Subjective Perceptions (2015)

Background . Musculoskeletal disorders have continued to plague nurses in hospitals and long-term care facilities. Low back and shoulder injuries are the most prevalent, frequently linked to patient handling activities. Exposure to patient handling has been predominantly quantified by subjective responses of nurses. Objective . To directly observe handling of patients and other medical equipment for nurses during a 12-hour work shift. Methods . Twenty nurses working in three different intensive care units at a Midwest teaching hospital were directly observed during 12-hour day shifts. Direct observation included documenting frequency and type of handling performed and whether lift assist devices were utilized. Two additional surveys were completed by nurses to assess current pain levels and perceptions of lifting being performed. The observed lifting was compared to the perceived lifting with simple inference statistics. Results . Nurses have a high prevalence of manually lifting patients and medical devices but limited use of lifting assist devices. Nurses handled patients 69 times per shift and medical equipment 6 times per shift, but less than 3% utilized a lift assist device. Nurses suffered from high levels of pain at the end of the shift, with the highest prevalence in the lower back, lower legs, and feet/ankles (all above 60%).
The Waxworks (2016)

Have you ever written a class-room play? One way of doing it is to choose a story known to you all, a ballad or a fable or an event in history, and then to decide on the characters you will need to tell that story. Another way is to choose a number of characters and to bring them together in a story. Which ever way you decide on, you will need a group of sufficient people to play all the characters (you may find that some can be doubled) with two or three additional people if possible to be responsible for costume, properties, scenery and, most essential of all, to act as producer. For there must be someone who is not actually in the play who can ‘sit outside’ and criticise what you say, the way you say it, how you move and act, and so on.
Heterogeneity in Nanoparticles Influences Biodistribution and Targeting (2013)

The data underscore the importance of formulating nanocarriers of specific properties to enhance their targeting efficacy.
Multi-Input Inner-Product Functional Encryption from Pairings (2016)

We present a multi-input functional encryption scheme (MIFE) for the inner product functionality based on the k-Linear assumption in prime-order bilinear groups. Our construction works for any polynomial number of encryption slots and achieves security against unbounded collusion, while relying on standard polynomial hardness assumptions. This is the first MIFE scheme for a non-trivial functionality based on standard cryptographic assumptions, as well as the first to achieve polynomial security loss for a super-constant number of slots under falsifiable assumptions. Prior works required stronger non-standard assumptions such as indistinguishability obfuscation or multi-linear maps.
Ethyl‐iso‐butylaluminoxane activated metallocene catalyst for olefin polymerization (2003)

Abstract Ethylene and propylene were polymerized by different combinations of metallocenes and aluminoxanes. Ethyl‐iso‐butylaluminoxane (EBAO), which could be easily obtained by direct hydrolysis of Et 3 Al/iso‐Bu 3 Al in toluene with water, displayed as good polymerization activity as methylaluminoxane when it was paired with some metallocenes. The UV–visible spectroscopic study on different metallocene/aluminoxane pairs suggests that tightness of the ionic pairs generated from the reaction between metallocene and aluminoxane is different for a fixed metallocenium. The loose ionic pair derived from EBAO prefers the monomer propagation and hinders the interaction between active species, which results in high catalytic activity and molecular weight. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 998–1003, 2003
Normal and Mutant Rhodopsin Activation Measured with the Early Receptor Current in a Unicellular Expression System (1999)

The early receptor current (ERC) represents molecular charge movement during rhodopsin conformational dynamics. To determine whether this time-resolved assay can probe various aspects of structure-function relationships in rhodopsin, we first measured properties of expressed normal human rhodopsin with ERC recordings. These studies were conducted in single fused giant cells containing on the order of a picogram of regenerated pigment. The action spectrum of the ERC of normal human opsin regenerated with 11-cis-retinal was fit by the human rhodopsin absorbance spectrum. Successive flashes extinguished ERC signals consistent with bleaching of a rhodopsin photopigment with a normal range of photosensitivity. ERC signals followed the univariance principle since millisecond-order relaxation kinetics were independent of the wavelength of the flash stimulus. After signal extinction, dark adaptation without added 11-cis-retinal resulted in spontaneous pigment regeneration from an intracellular store of chromophore remaining from earlier loading. After the ERC was extinguished, 350-nm flashes overlapping metarhodopsin-II absorption promoted immediate recovery of ERC charge motions identified by subsequent 500-nm flashes. Small inverted R(2) signals were seen in response to some 350-nm flashes. These results indicate that the ERC can be photoregenerated from the metarhodopsin-II state. Regeneration with 9-cis-retinal permits recording of ERC signals consistent with flash activation of isorhodopsin. We initiated structure-function studies by measuring ERC signals in cells expressing the D83N and E134Q mutant human rhodopsin pigments. D83N ERCs were simplified in comparison with normal rhodopsin, while E134Q ERCs had only the early phase of charge motion. This study demonstrates that properties of normal rhodopsin can be accurately measured with the ERC assay and that a structure-function investigation of rapid activation processes in analogue and mutant visual pigments is feasible in a live unicellular environment.
Studies on pyrrolidinones. Synthesis and reactivity of some<i>n</i>‐protected pyroglutamic derivatives (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of pyroglutamoyl chloride N ‐protected by a methoxycarbonyl or a trifluoroacetyl group is described. Some aspects of the reactivity of these compounds and intermediates have been studied.
Promoter hypermethylation of multiple genes in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. (2001)

Promoter hypermethylation is an important pathway for the repression of gene transcription in cancer. We investigated promoter hypermethylation of six genes, p16, APC, HIC-1, death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), and E-cadherin, in uterine cervical carcinoma from 53 patients including 31 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 22 cases of adenocarcinoma (AC). Aberrant methylation of at least one of these genes was detected in 79% (42 of 53) of cases including 71% (22 of 31) of SCC and 91% (20 of 22) of AC cases. No aberrant methylation was detected in normal cervical tissue from 24 control hysterectomy specimens. There was no correlation between promoter hypermethylation at any gene and the presence of human papillomavirus-16 or -18 E7 DNA. In AC cases, promoter hypermethylation of the APC and HIC-1 genes was detected at a statistically significant higher frequency than in the SCC cases (APC, 60% versus 13%, P < 0.001; HIC-1, 63% versus 32%, P < 0.03). Conversely, promoter hypermethylation of p16 and DAPK was more common in SCC cases than in AC cases. Our results suggest that promoter hypermethylation is a frequent epigenetic event in cervical carcinoma. The pattern of gene promoter hypermethylation is distinctly different between AC and SCC. The absence of these epigenetic alterations in normal cervical tissue suggests that they may also be valuable as cancer markers.
Catalyzed Radical Polymerization of Styrene Vapor on Nanoparticle Surfaces and the Incorporation of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles within Polystyrene Polymers (2006)

We present a novel approach to polymerize olefin vapors on the surfaces of metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles. In this approach, a free radical initiator such as AIBN is dissolved in a volatile solvent such as acetone. Selected nanoparticles (prepared separately using the laser vaporization-controlled condensation method) are used to form initiator-coated nanoparticles placed on a glass substrate. The olefin (styrene) vapor is polymerized by the thermally activated initiator on the nanoparticle surfaces. Our approach also provides structural and mechanistic information on the early stages of catalyzed gas-phase polymerization, which can be used to correlate the gas-phase structural properties with the bulk properties and the performance of the polymer nanocomposites. This correlation is the key step in controlling the properties of the polymer nanocomposites. Our results clearly demonstrate the success of this method in preparing polymer coated nanoparticles for a variety of interesting applications. The precise control of the chemical functionality, thickness, and morphology of the polymer film and the size, size distribution, and properties of the core nanoparticles (photoluminescence, magnetic) may lead to major technological breakthroughs in a variety of applications including drug delivery, ultrasensitive detectors, and chemical and biological sensors.
Cell chip array for microfluidic proteomics enabling rapid <i>in situ</i> assessment of intracellular protein phosphorylation (2011)

We discuss the ability to perform fluorescent immunocytochemistry, following cell fixation, using a microfluidic array of primary, nonadherent, single CD34+ stem cells. The technique requires small cell samples and proceeds with no cell loss, making it well-suited to monitoring these rare patient-derived cells. The chip allows us to correlate live cell dynamics across arrays of individual cells with post-translational modifications of intracellular proteins, following their exposure to drug treatments. Results also show that due to the microfluidic environment, the time scale of cell fixation was significantly reduced compared to conventional methods, leading to greater confidence in the status of the protein modifications studied.