gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous networks in LTE-Advanced (2011)

3GPP Long-term Evolution (LTE) allows operators to use new and wider spectrum and complements 3G networks with higher data rates, lower latency and a flat, IP-based architecture. To further improve the broadband user experience in an ubiquitous and cost-effective manner, 3GPP has been working on various aspects of LTE-Advanced. Since radio link performance is quickly approaching theoretical limits with 3G enhancements and LTE, the next performance leap will come from an evolved network topology. This paper discusses the need for an alternative deployment model and topology using heterogeneous networks. The concept of LTE-Advanced based heterogeneous networks is about improving spectral efficiency per unit area. Using a mix of macro, pico, femto and relay cells, heterogeneous networks enable flexible and low-cost deployments and provide a uniform broadband experience. To enhance the performance of these networks, advanced techniques are described, which are needed to manage and control interference and deliver the full benefits of such networks. These techniques include cell range expansion, adaptive inter cell interference coordination and interference cancellation receivers.
Performance Evaluation of Multithreaded Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication Using OpenMP (2009)

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication is an important computational kernel in scientific applications. However, it performs poorly on modern processors because of a low compute-to-memory ratio and its irregular memory access patterns. This paper discusses the implementations of sparse matrix-vector algorithm using OpenMP to execute iterative methods on the Dawning S4800A1. Two storage formats (CSR and BCSR) for sparse matrices and three scheduling schemes (static, dynamic and guided) provided by the standard OpenMP are evaluated. We also compared these three schemes with non-zero scheduling, where each thread is assigned approximately the same number of non-zero elements. Experimental data shows that, the non-zero scheduling can provide the best performance in most cases. The current implementation provides satisfactory scalability for most of matrices. However, we only get a limited speedup for some large matrices that contain millions of non-zero elements.
Immunological characteristics govern the transition of COVID-19 to endemicity (2021)

We are currently faced with the question of how the severity of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may change in the years ahead. Our analysis of immunological and epidemiological data on endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) shows that infection-blocking immunity wanes rapidly but that disease-reducing immunity is long-lived. Our model, incorporating these components of immunity, recapitulates both the current severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the benign nature of HCoVs, suggesting that once the endemic phase is reached and primary exposure is in childhood, SARS-CoV-2 may be no more virulent than the common cold. We predict a different outcome for an emergent coronavirus that causes severe disease in children. These results reinforce the importance of behavioral containment during pandemic vaccine rollout, while prompting us to evaluate scenarios for continuing vaccination in the endemic phase.
Differential inhibition of chromatic and achromatic perception by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human visual cortex (1999)

The magnocellular visual pathway is devoted to low-contrast achromatic and motion perception whereas the parvocellular pathway deals with chromatic and high resolution spatial vision. To specifically separate perception mediated by these pathways we have used low-contrast Gaussian filtered black-white or coloured visual stimuli. By use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the visual cortex inhibition of magnocellular stimuli was achieved distinctly earlier by about 40 ms compared with parvocellular information. A nonspecific inhibition of all stimuli could be seen peaking at 75-90 ms, significantly higher for magnocellular stimuli. The particular vulnerability of magnocellular stimuli to TMS is correlated with distinct physiological properties of this pathway such as faster conduction velocity and non-linear stimulus encoding.
Mass Spectrometry for Metabolome Analysis (2020)

Metabolomics has become an important research field with many areas of applications ranging from disease biomarker discovery to global biology systems study. A key step in metabolomics is to perform metabolome analysis to obtain quantitative information on metabolic changes among comparative samples. Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used for highly sensitive detection of many different types of metabolites. In this review, we highlight some of the more commonly used MS techniques for metabolome analysis.
Mn-Modified PMN-PZT [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3] Single Crystals for High Power Piezoelectric Transducers (2017)

), PMN-PZT-Mn (Generation III)] were grown by the solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) method, and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were measured and compared. Compared to (001) PMN-PT and PMN-PZT single crystals, the (001) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystals exhibited a higher transition temperature between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases (T RT = 144 o C), as well as a higher coercive electric field (E C = 6.3 kV/cm) and internal bias field (E I = 1.6 kV/cm). The (011) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystals showed the highest coercive electric field (E C = 7.0 kV/cm), and the highest stability of E C and E I during 60 cycles of polarization measurement. These results demonstrate that both Mn doping (for higher electromechanical quality factor (Q m )) and a (011) crystallographic orientation (for higher coercive electric field and stability) are necessary for high power transducer applications of these piezoelectric single crystals. Specifically, the (011) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystal (Gen. III) had the highest potential for application in the fields of SONAR transducers, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), ultrasonic motors, and others.
Códigos de conducta y espacio digital. Especial referencia a la protección de datos (2010)

Las modernas tecnicas de comunicacion permiten salvar sin dificultades el espacio, y la informatica posibilita almacenar todos los datos que se obtienen a traves de las comunicaciones y acceder a ellos en apenas segundos, por distante que fuera el lugar donde transcurrieron los hechos, o remotos que fueran estos.
Implementation of IEEE 802.11e Block Acknowledgement Policies (2008)

Optimisation of IEEE 802.11e MAC protocol performance can be performed by modifying several parameters left open in the standard, like buffer size and acknowledgement policies. In this work, an event driven simulator was developed, and a comparison of the results between the case of standalone services and several services supported simultaneously was addressed. With only a single service, higher values for the goodput are obtained for video and background (BK) traffics, while the lowest is found for the voice application. The number of supported users is higher for voice. With mixtures of traffic, when the number of station is small the goodput is lower for voice. However, for higher number of station, the lowest values of the goodput occur for background traffic. By using the Block Acknowledgement (ACK) procedure, for video and BK traffics, the capacity is improved when the number of station is equal or higher than 16 and 12, respectively. From a detailed analysis of the video application, a reduction of more than 40% was achieved in the delay.
Uterotubare Transportstörung bei Adenomyose und Endometriose – Ursache der Infertilität (2004)

Fragestellung: Endometriose und Adenomyose sind als unterschiedliche Verlaufsformen einer gemeinsamen Grunderkrankung zu verstehen – einer Dislokation basalen Endometriums.
High efficiency (>20%) microcavity LEDs (1996)

The work described here was aimed towards high efficiency light emitting diodes (LEDs), thereby compromising on directionality and narrow spectrum. At present our efforts have yielded devices which have an external quantum efficiency (QE) of over 22%. This is believed to be a record QE for planar LEDs. This result relies on both careful design and material growth. For the design we developed a simulation tool which proves useful in selecting interesting structures and interpreting experimental results. The theoretical analysis includes the guided modes, reabsorption of light by the active material and subsequent photon recycling. The material is grown with MOVPE, which yields high quality material as well as allowing excellent control over layer thickness and composition. In the first part we highlight the main characteristics of the theoretical model and deal with some key issues in the design of high efficiency microcavity LEDs (MCLEDs). In part two the main experimental results are discussed.
Nontoxic, Hydrophilic Cationic Polymers—Identified as Class of Antimicrobial Polymers (2015)

Amphiphilic polycations are an alternative to biocides but also toxic to mammalian cells. Antimicrobially active hydrophilic polycations based on 1,4-dibromo-2-butene and tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine named PBI are not hemotoxic for porcine red blood cells with a hemocytotoxicity (HC50) of more than 40,000 μg · mL(-1). They are quickly killing bacterial cells at their MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration). The highest found selectivity HC50 /MIC is more than 20,000 for S. epidermidis. Investigations on sequentially prepared PBIs with defined molecular weight Mn and tailored end groups revealed that there is a dependence of antimicrobial activity and selectivity on Mn and nature of the end groups.
Reverse Circulation of Cement on Primary Jobs Increases Cement Column Height Across Weak Formations (1993)

Abstract This paper outlines advantages of reverse circulation of cement to reduce the equivalent circulating density (ECD) such that weak formations may not fracture during the primary cementing procedure. A typical operation is outlined for utilizing the method in the Appendix. Tests with large-scale geometries showing no detrimental effect on displacement efficiency are discussed.
Static and Dynamic Assessment of DFN Permeability Upscaling (2012)

Abstract Nearly half of the remaining petroleum reserves are contained in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR). An accurate estimate of the effective fracture permeability tensor is a key to the successful prediction of oil recovery from NFR. Standard workflows nowadays employ discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling and analytical or flow-based methods to upscale fracture permeabilities. However, DFN modeling imposes some important challenges, which can cause great uncertainty in the effective permeability tensor and subsequent recovery prediction: Analytical upscaling methods, which are commonly used due to computational efficiency, are inaccurate for poorly connected fracture networks. Flow-based upscaling methods depend on boundary conditions and are computationally expensive. Defining the optimum grid size for either method is also very difficult. In addition, DFN upscaling is often driven by practical issues such as time constrains and computational limitations, leaving little room to investigate the effects of upscaling methods and grid size. In this paper we utilize features in leading DFN simulators employed in standard industry workflows for computing effective permeability tensors with flow-based and analytical methods. We use two realistic dataset from fractured formations of onshore reservoirs in our assessment. Not surprisingly, there is up to three orders of magnitude variation in the effective permeability based on the chosen upscaling method and perceived optimum grid cell size. This has tremendous impact on predicted recovery rates and ultimate recovery; ultimately uncertainty in upscaling can mask uncertainty in the geological model. We hence introduce a new simulation technique, Discrete Fracture and Matrix (DFM) modeling, which accounts accurately for flow in the fractures and rock matrix as an efficient alternative for computing effective permeability tensors as it allows us to assess the accuracy of classical DFN upscaling approaches, which all help reducing uncertainty in recovery prediction.
Combination of metformin and 5-aminosalicylic acid cooperates to decrease proliferation and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines (2016)

The current data demonstrate that metformin potentiates the antitumor effect of 5-ASA on CRC cells suggesting their potential use as an adjuvant treatment in CRC.
Time-domain measurements of surface plasmon polaritons in the terahertz frequency range (2004)

We present time domain measurements of surface-plasmon polaritons (SPP's) at terahertz (THz) frequencies. SPP's are generated by coupling THz radiation into dielectric films deposited on flat gold surfaces. In this way we are able to perform very sensitive and broadband THz measurements of thin dielectric films, demonstrating the capabilities of SPP's for $\mathrm{Thz}$ thin film spectroscopy. By varying the thickness of these films we observe drastic changes in the field distribution of the SPP's.
Oxygen indicators and intelligent inks for packaging food (2005)

The detection of oxygen using optical sensors is of increasing interest, especially in modified atmosphere food packaging (MAP), in which the package, usually containing food, is flushed with a gas, such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen. This tutorial review examines the ideal properties of an oxygen optical sensor for MAP and compares them with those developed to date, including the most recent advances. The basic technologies underpinning the different indicator types are described, examples given and their potential for application in MAP assessed. This tutorial review should be of interest to the MAP industry and researchers in optical sensors and oxygen sensing.
Response definition criteria for ELISPOT assays revisited (2010)

No consensus has been reached on how to determine if an immune response has been detected based on raw data from an ELISPOT assay. The goal of this paper is to enable investigators to understand and readily implement currently available methods for response determination. We describe empirical and statistical approaches, identifying the strengths and limitations of each approach to allow readers to rationally select and apply a scientifically sound method appropriate to their specific laboratory setting. Five representative approaches were applied to data sets from the CIMT Immunoguiding Program and the response detection and false positive rates were compared. Simulation studies were also performed to compare empirical and statistical approaches. Based on these, we recommend the use of a non-parametric statistical test. Further, we recommend that six medium control wells or four wells each for both medium control and experimental conditions be performed to increase the sensitivity in detecting a response, that replicates with large variation in spot counts be filtered out, and that positive responses arising from experimental spot counts below the estimated limit of detection be interpreted with caution. Moreover, a web-based user interface was developed to allow easy access to the recommended statistical methods. This interface allows the user to upload data from an ELISPOT assay and obtain an output file of the binary responses.
Controller design for a Hybrid Energy Storage System enabling longer battery life in wind turbine generators (2011)

The permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based variable speed wind turbine is connected to the power grid via a full-scale converter. The full-scale converter presented in this paper consists of an active rectifier, an inverter and DC-DC converter for Energy Storage System (ESS). The rectifier controller uses the rotor flux oriented control (FOC) system and achieves Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) which is necessary for the wind turbine to obtain maximum power conversion. The grid side controller uses a voltage oriented control system to regulate the active and reactive power dispatched to the power grid. The employed voltage source inverter (VSI) regulates the output power at desired reference value (in our case 1 pu) while keeping the output voltage in a sinusoidal waveform. The output electrical power from the PMSG is fluctuating, which is unacceptable from the standpoint of power system operation. An energy storage system (ESS) can help accommodate the difference between fluctuating wind power and that dispatched to the grid. The ESS absorbs the extra energy from the DC-link (via charging) and releases the stored energy to the DC-link when required (via discharging). The presented ESS for this paper is a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) consisting of high power density supercapacitors and high energy density batteries. The HESS controller is designed to smooth and regulate the output power while help increase the battery's life. In the control system of DC-DC controller some logic gates are employed to appropriately disconnect the battery from DC-link. The system is modeled and simulated in PSCAD software.
Virtual fab technology utility simulation and its application to 300mm CR facility design and energy reduction (2005)

A new concept for facility design and electric power/energy analysis is introduced We developed the virtual fab simulator comprising of the lot flow simulator and the utility simulator called as FRS, fab resource simulator. With this simulator, we can estimate more accurate utility, and evaluate the reduction items. N2 facility size, for example, can be reduced by over 50% compared with the conventional method. The simulator also can be applied to analyzing the electric power consumptions of tools and reveals that the idle state power occupies approximately 1/3 of the total tool consumptions. Thus the virtual fab simulator is quite useful for efficient facility design and its analysis
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Followed by Neurogenic Stunned Myocardium in the Same Patient: Gradations of the Same Disease? (2011)

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a phenomenon of transient acute left ventricular dysfunction without obstructive coronary disease seen predominantly in postmenopausal women in the setting of acute emotional or physical stress. Neurocardiogenic injury from acute neurologic events such as intracranial bleeding can precipitate transient left ventricular dysfunction (termed 'neurogenic stunned myocardium') that may be indistinguishable from takotsubo cardiomyopathy. There is controversy about the diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the setting of acute neurologic disorders. We describe a case of a 67-year-old female who initially presented with takotsubo cardiomyopathy due to an acute gastrointestinal illness and 4 years later developed a recurrence in the setting of an ischemic cerebrovascular accident that was associated with more prominent EKG changes and much higher cardiac biomarker release but similar degree of left ventricular dysfunction. This case suggests that susceptibility to this disorder is likely due to patient-specific factors rather than etiology, and acute neurologic disorders should be included as precipitants of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We also theorize that there may be patients with milder forms of stress-related cardiac injury who do not develop left ventricular dysfunction, being similar to the wide range of cardiac manifestations in patients with acute neurologic disorders. We review published literature on neurologic precipitants of takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
Possible role for apple juice phenolic compounds in the acute modification of glucose tolerance and gastrointestinal hormone secretion in humans (2002)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether naturally occurring phenolic compounds in apple juice had any physiological effects on plasma glucose concentrations and circulating gastrointestinal hormone profiles in volunteers. The results show that the consumption of a 25 g glucose load in commercial apple juice compared with that consumed in water has statistically significant effects on plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, GIP and GLP‐1 in volunteers ( N = 9) which appear to be consistent with delayed intestinal absorption of glucose. The exact mechanisms require further investigation but, tentatively, it is suggested that phloridzin and other polyphenols may be responsible. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Background Buster: Peeking through Virtual Backgrounds in Online Video Calls (2022)

Video calling applications such as Zoom and Skype have become the preferred medium for both personal and professional communications. One feature in these applications that has gained prominence is the virtual background feature, which enables users to conceal their background by blending in a virtual image or video in place of the real background, thus providing users with background and contextual privacy. However, this feature is not robust enough, and depending on the target user’s activities, movement and accessories worn during the call, portions of the user’s background could leak which can then be reconstructed to reveal significant portions of the user’s real background, and other contextual information related to the real background. This paper conducts an investigative analysis of the background privacy provided by the virtual background feature in video calling applications by designing a novel background reconstruction framework, and using it to reveal users’ real background. By means a large dataset of call videos, collected from human subject participants and in the wild, a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed framework and related privacy attacks under a variety of different experimental parameters is then carried out. Results from these evaluations show that significant leakage of background information is feasible under certain conditions, rendering the feature ineffective in protecting privacy and giving users a false sense of security.
Long-Term Shoreline Change and Evaluation of Total Longshore Sediment Transport Rate on Hupo Beach (2007)

The harbor siltation by longshore sediment transports has become a serious problem on the East Coast of Korea. A reasonable prediction of the longshore sediment rate is important to approach the siltation problem effectively. In the recently developed 1-line model, the empirical constants of the sediment transport formula, which include the absolute quantity of sediment transport rate and the spatial distribution of breaking wave height by wave deformation, are treated as calibration parameters. Since these constants should be determined by the very long-term shoreline data, the longshore sediment rates are much more reasonable values. The method was applied to Hupo Beach, which has experienced heavy siltation. The authors also discuss long-term shoreline change using aerial photos and the observed wave-induced current patterns. According to the result, the SW-direction sediment transport rate was , and the NE direction was at Hupo Beach for the last 11 years. The siltation in Hupo Harbor might be affected by the NE-direction sediment transport from Hupo Beach.