gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric measurement of solvent polarity with phenol blue as the probe (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric measurement of solvent polarity with phenol blue as the probeOrland W. KollingCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 1, 54–56Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00224a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00224a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PREPARATION OF A FINE-GRAINED DOPED GRAPHITE MATERIAL AND ITS OUT-GASSING PROPERTY (2002)

A ball milling dispersion method has been developed for the preparation of multi element doped graphite with starting mixture powders below 100?nm. Such doped graphite has high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties (116?MPa). The out gassing behavior of doped graphite BM (with ball milling) and CM (without ball milling) showed that there was no difference before electron beam irradiation. However, the emission of H 2, H 2O, CO, especially CO 2 of BM was much less than that of CM. A fine grained microstructure of BM was observed by SEM. The particle size, distribution and phase composition were investigated with EDX, TEM and XRD. Correlations between microstructure and properties of such doped graphite are discussed.
Colon Cancer Prevention by Lactic Acid Bacteria (2001)

While a myriad of healthful effects have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria, perhaps the most controversial remains that of anticancer activity. There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of consumption of lactic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products. However, there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies, in the literature and this will be summarised in the present paper. Reports in the literature, regarding the anticancer effects of lactic acid bacteria, fall into the following categories: in vitro studies, in vivo studies in laboratory animals, epidemiological studies correlating cancer and certain dietary regimes and dietary intervention studies in human volunteers.
Actions of Bupivacaine, a Widely Used Local Anesthetic, on NMDA Receptor Responses (2015)

NMDA receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in brain and spinal cord and play a pivotal role in the neurological disease state of chronic pain, which is caused by central sensitization. Bupivacaine is the indicated local anesthetic in caudal, epidural, and spinal anesthesia and is widely used clinically to manage acute and chronic pain. In addition to blocking Na(+) channels, bupivacaine affects the activity of many other channels, including NMDA receptors. Importantly, bupivacaine inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, an area critically involved in central sensitization. We used recombinant NMDA receptors expressed in HEK293 cells and found that increasing concentrations of bupivacaine decreased channel open probability in GluN2 subunit- and pH-independent manner by increasing the mean duration of closures and decreasing the mean duration of openings. Using kinetic modeling of one-channel currents, we attributed the observed current decrease to two main mechanisms: a voltage-dependent "foot-in-the-door" pore block and an allosteric gating effect. Further, the inhibition was state-independent because it occurred to the same degree whether the drug was applied before or after glutamate stimulation and was mediated by extracellular and intracellular inhibitory sites, via hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways. These results predict that clinical doses of bupivacaine would decrease the peak and accelerate the decay of synaptic NMDA receptor currents during normal synaptic transmission. These quantitative predictions inform possible applications of bupivacaine as preventative and therapeutic approaches in chronic pain.
Human sensory neurons: Membrane properties and sensitization by inflammatory mediators (2014)

Biological differences in sensory processing between human and model organisms may present significant obstacles to translational approaches in treating chronic pain. To better understand the physiology of human sensory neurons, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from 141 human dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) neurons from 5 young adult donors without chronic pain. Nearly all small-diameter hDRG neurons (<50 μm) displayed an inflection on the descending slope of the action potential, a defining feature of rodent nociceptive neurons. A high proportion of hDRG neurons were responsive to the algogens allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and ATP, as well as the pruritogens histamine and chloroquine. We show that a subset of hDRG neurons responded to the inflammatory compounds bradykinin and prostaglandin E2 with action potential discharge and show evidence of sensitization including lower rheobase. Compared to electrically evoked action potentials, chemically induced action potentials were triggered from less depolarized thresholds and showed distinct afterhyperpolarization kinetics. These data indicate that most small/medium hDRG neurons can be classified as nociceptors, that they respond directly to compounds that produce pain and itch, and that they can be activated and sensitized by inflammatory mediators. The use of hDRG neurons as preclinical vehicles for target validation is discussed.
Haemodynamic effects of 8‐day octreotide and prazosin administration in portal hypertensive rats (1998)

Portal vein-ligated rats exhibited typical hyperdynamic state compared with sham-operated rats. The portal venous pressure, portal tributary blood flow and cardiac index were significantly reduced by treatment of octreotide, prazosin or octreotide plus prazosin in portal hypertensive rats. Hyperdynamic parameters of systemic, renal and portal territory vascular resistances, and renal as well as hepatic arterial blood flow were ameliorated by treatment of octreotide or octreotide plus prazosin in portal hypertensive rats. Overall, octreotide treatment exerted more beneficial haemodynamic effects than prazosin treatment. The combination of octreotide and prazosin exerted better haemodynamic effects in cardiac index but worse effects in systemic as well as portal territory vascular resistance than octreotide treatment alone.
In vitro skin penetration and pharmacodynamic evaluation of prostaglandin E1 ethyl ester, a vasoactive prodrug of prostaglandin E1, formulated into alcoholic hydrogels. (2006)

Alcoholic hydrogels containing prostaglandin E1 ethyl ester (PGE1-EE), a prodrug of PGE1 as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were formulated. The prodrug was stable against chemical hydrolysis in aqueous solution (pH 7.4), devoid of esterase activities, but was hydrolyzed to the parent drug in rat skin homogenates within 240 min. In the rat skin penetration study for 24 h, the steady-state flux values (microg/cm2/h) of PGE1-EE and PGE, from alcoholic hydrogels having 20% ethanol content were 7.6 and 1.8, respectively. PGE1-EE was superior to PGE, from a skin penetration point of view due to its increased lipophilicity. The fastest skin penetration rate was obtained for PGE1-EE in 20% alcoholic hydrogel together with limonene or cineole. These formulations increased the flux of PGE1-EE up to about 4-fold compared to control hydrogel in the absence of penetration enhancers. In the pharmacodynamic study using a cat, alcoholic hydrogel with limonene or cineole showed a significant effect in terms of increasing intracavernosal pressure compared to control hydrogel. Therefore, the transdermal alcoholic hydrogel formulation of PGE1-EE with limonene or cineole can be a promising transdermal delivery system to overcome inconvenience associated with frequent intracavernosal injections for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Preliminary results of MR imaging with superparamagnetic iron oxide in pancreatic and retroperitoneal disorders. (1991)

The authors conducted a preliminary evaluation of the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide as contrast material for delineation of the bowel. Ten patients with various pancreatic diseases and 18 patients with suspected retroperitoneal disease underwent T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging before and after contrast material was administered. Two radiologists reviewed randomized images and scored them for depiction of anatomic structures and abnormalities. In most patients, postcontrast T1-weighted images showed improved delineation of the retroperitoneal small bowel (duodenum), stomach, and pancreas. Postcontrast T2-weighted images showed improved delineation of retroperitoneal small bowel, para-aortic region, peripancreatic fat, and renal veins. There was no improvement in delineation of retroperitoneal diseases, except for lymphadenopathy, which was better seen on both T1- and T2-weighted postcontrast images. Preliminary results suggest that superparamagnetic iron oxide is a useful contrast agent for delineating some normal retroperitoneal structures, lymphadenopathy, and pancreatic disease and that it is less useful in evaluating other retroperitoneal masses.
Under the surface (2022)

Abstract Through a survey of crosslinguistic empirical studies on narratives and in the domain of motion events, we argue that the principles of language use pose a hurdle for second language acquisition, an issue that has not been given adequate attention in earlier research. These principles are part of our pragmatic knowledge which encompasses language-specific information organization at the discourse level as well as event schemata at the level of construing reportable units. The findings show how highly competent L2 speakers activate L1-based knowledge that reflects deeply entrenched principles and seems resistant to change.
Production of erythroid potentiating factor(s) by a human monocytic cell line (1981)

Abstract U-937 is a human monocytic cell line that has been to elaborate factors that affect normal human hematopoiesis in vitro. Studies on the effects of these factors demonstrated an erythroid potentiating factor (EPF) and a potent inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony growth. The EPF was present in both serum-containing and serum-free U- 937 conditioned media, had a dose-dependent effect on erythroid colony formation and was remarkably heart stable. The CFU-GM inhibitory activity was also detected in serum-free conditioned medium, was dose- dependent, heart labile and its effect was reversed by Indomethacin. Indomethacin (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) did not alter the erythroid effects of the U-937 conditioned medium. No colony stimulating factor (CSF) or erythropoietin (Ep) could be detected in this medium. The existence of a human cell line capable of production EPF without simultaneous CSF production will permit further studies on the biochemical and biologic nature of these factors.
Human Papillomaviruses Recruit Cellular DNA Repair and Homologous Recombination Factors to Viral Replication Centers (2012)

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) activate the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage response to induce viral genome amplification upon epithelial differentiation. Our studies show that along with members of the ATM pathway, HPV proteins also localize factors involved in homologous DNA recombination to distinct nuclear foci that contain HPV genomes and cellular replication factors. These studies indicate that HPV activates the ATM pathway to recruit repair factors to viral genomes and allow for efficient replication.
An investigation of backscatter power spectra from cells, cell pellets and microspheres (2004)

It has been previously shown that high frequency ultrasound (20-100 MHz) can be used to detect cellular structure changes in tissues and cell ensembles. However, the changes seen in the backscattered ultrasound intensity and frequency spectrum are not fully understood. In this paper we attempt to better understand the nature of these changes by examination of the backscatter power spectra from cell ensembles (in pellet form) that have undergone two different types of cell death: by exposure to the chemotherapeutic cisplatin and by withdrawal of nutrients (decay). Three different ultrasound transducers were used, centered at 20MHz and 40MHz. In both death pathways, an increase of the midband fit of 10-12dB was measured, and there were significant changes in the spectral slopes. Furthermore, our initial analysis of the backscatter from single cells and polystyrene microspheres demonstrates the potential of the technique to assess scatterer size.
A Transport Layer Protocol for Uplink WiMAX Video Streaming (2015)

There are many ways to improve unreliable datagram protocol (UDP) for video streaming applications. One of them is by using negative acknowledgement (NACK). This paper proposed UDP enhancement by using both NACK-based retransmission and medium access (MAC) layer support for uplink video streaming application in WiMAX networks. Mathematical models and analysis are presented to compare protocol performances in relation to delay and packet loss. The analysis is then confirmed through simulations using the ns-2 simulator. The results show that by reducing the number of NACK packets within one video frame and utilizing MAC support could reduce effective loss rate and delay significantly.
Nucleation of superconductivity and vortex matter in hybrid superconductor/ferromagnet nanostructures (2006)

We have studied the superconducting <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> phase boundary of an Al superconducting disk with a perpendicularly magnetized dot on top of it. We used cylindrical and triangular dots. The inhomogeneous stray fields generated by these dots strongly affect the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> line, which now has the highest <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> at a finite applied field. This ‘magnetic bias’ of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> phase boundary depends on the magnetization of the dots. The field inhomogeneity leads to a pronounced modification of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> periodicity. The theoretical <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> dependence, calculated in the framework of the Ginzburg–Landau theory, fits our experimental data very well. In a superconducting Pb film with a lattice of Co/Pd magnetic dots, field-induced superconductivity has been investigated. This remarkable effect appears due to the compensation of the returning stray fields of the dots by the applied magnetic field. As a result of the field compensation, the total field under the dots is enhanced, whereas in the areas between the dots the total field is strongly reduced, thus causing the field-induced superconductivity to appear.
Odd−Even Effects in Charge Transport across Self-Assembled Monolayers (2011)

This paper compares charge transport across self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiols containing odd and even numbers of methylenes. Ultraflat template-stripped silver (Ag(TS)) surfaces support the SAMs, while top electrodes of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) contact the SAMs to form metal/SAM//oxide/EGaIn junctions. The EGaIn spontaneously reacts with ambient oxygen to form a thin (∼1 nm) oxide layer. This oxide layer enables EGaIn to maintain a stable, conical shape (convenient for forming microcontacts to SAMs) while retaining the ability to deform and flow upon contacting a hard surface. Conical electrodes of EGaIn conform (at least partially) to SAMs and generate high yields of working junctions. Ga(2)O(3)/EGaIn top electrodes enable the collection of statistically significant numbers of data in convenient periods of time. The observed difference in charge transport between n-alkanethiols with odd and even numbers of methylenes--the "odd-even effect"--is statistically discernible using these junctions and demonstrates that this technique is sensitive to small differences in the structure and properties of the SAM. Alkanethiols with an even number of methylenes exhibit the expected exponential decrease in current density, J, with increasing chain length, as do alkanethiols with an odd number of methylenes. This trend disappears, however, when the two data sets are analyzed together: alkanethiols with an even number of methylenes typically show higher J than homologous alkanethiols with an odd number of methylenes. The precision of the present measurements and the statistical power of the present analysis are only sufficient to identify, with statistical confidence, the difference between an odd and even number of methylenes with respect to J, but not with respect to the tunneling decay constant, β, or the pre-exponential factor, J(0). This paper includes a discussion of the possible origins of the odd-even effect but does not endorse a single explanation.
Effect of Dietary Lysine Level and Protein Restriction on the Lipids and Carnitine Levels in the Liver of Pregnant Rats (1989)

Carnitine, biosynthesized from the essential amino acid lysine, has been considered as the shuttling of long-chain fatty acid acyl residues into the matrix of mitochondria for beta-oxidation. This lysine-carnitine relation was studied in pregnant rats nourished with diets differing in lysine and protein content. Pregnancy seems to be a factor contributing to the increase of the free carnitine fraction and phospholipids in the liver, whatever the diet allowed. In the case of nonpregnant rats, free carnitine levels decrease and triglycerides increase in the liver when they are nourished with a low-protein and lysine-deficient diet.
A new capacitive displacement sensor for high accuracy and long range (2005)

In this paper, a contact-type linear encoder-like capacitive displacement sensor (CLECDS) is proposed. It is based on the linear encoder capacitive displacement sensor that consists of two substrates with a series of conducting grating in identical size and it is used as a contact sensor of which the two substrates assembled faced to each other after coated with thin dielectric film. It was confirmed that the prototype of this sensor has resolution of about 126nm and measuring range of 20 mm in the test.
The state of strain adjacent to the Great Glen fault (1979)

Summary Fabric and pebble studies near Fort Augustus indicate that strong NW-SE compression has acted but structures indicative of lateral NE-SW displacement are absent.
Azimuth/elevation direction finding using regular array geometries (1993)

The authors consider the problem of extending the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm for multiple source, cochannel direction finding to the two-dimensional case (e.g., azimuth and elevation angle estimation). Two algorithms are presented, one based on the optimal (minimal variance) subspace fitting formulation of ESPRIT, and the other based on an approximation to it. The algorithms are applicable to antenna arrays composed of identical subarrays displaced in two dimensions, such as uniform rectangular phased arrays. Simulation results illustrating the relative performance of the algorithms are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Experimental Investigation on Removing PM and NOX Simultaneously from Diesel Exhaust (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to achieve simultaneous removal of particulate matters (PM) and NO<sub>X</sub> in diesel exhaust, a new kind of aftertreatment prototype has been developed. The prototype combined effects of static, cyclone, non-thermal plasma and hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction. Experiments have been carried out with standard gases simulating diesel exhaust. Physical and chemical effects that took place in the prototype are as follows: the collection of PM by electrostatic-cyclone system, the oxidative combustion of PM, the selective catalytic reduction of NO<sub>X</sub>, and the reaction between PM and NO<sub>X</sub>. The effect of non-thermal plasma makes the density of NO decrease and that of NO<sub>2</sub> increase, whereas, the amount of NO<sub>X</sub> remains the same. Employing catalyst coupled with non-thermal plasma debase the temperature by about 50◻, there the peak value of transform rate appears. All of catalyst, non-thermal plasma, and deoxidizing HC are active to decrease combustion temperature of PM, moreover, the effect of all of them together decrease the temperature to about 280◻, which is informing. It is realized that PM and NO<sub>X</sub> were removed by Physics and chemical effects mentioned above.</div>
[The effect of mold temperature on the accuracy of titanium castings]. (2004)

To satisfy the requirement of the clinical practice in the point of the casting accuracy, the mold temperature of ZrP99 investment must be chosen higher than 300 degrees centigrade.