gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural stimulation on human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (2012)

Adult stem cells are considered multipotent. Especially, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into nerve type cells. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are widely distributed in the environment, and recently there have been many reports on the biological effects of EMFs. hBM-MSCs are weak and sensitive pluripotent stem cells, therefore extremely low frequency-electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) could be affect the changes of biological functions within the cells. In our experiments, ELF-EMFs inhibited the growth of hBM-MSCs in 12 days exposure. Their gene level was changed and expression of the neural stem cell marker like nestin was decreased but the neural cell markers like MAP2, NEUROD1, NF-L, and Tau were induced. In immunofluorescence study, we confirmed the expression of each protein of neural cells. And also both oligodendrocyte and astrocyte related proteins like O4 and GFAP were expressed by ELF-EMFs. We suggest that EMFs can induce neural differentiation in BM-MSCs without any chemicals or differentiation factors.
RIO (2017)

In this paper, we design and develop RIO, a novel battery-free touch sensing user interface (UI) primitive for future IoT and smart spaces. RIO enables UIs to be constructed using off-the-shelf RFID readers and tags, and provides a unique approach to designing smart IoT spaces. With RIO, any surface can be turned into a touch-aware surface by simply attaching RFID tags to them. RIO also supports custom-designed RFID tags, and thus allows specially customized UIs to be easily deployed into a real-world environment. RIO is built using the technique of impedance tracking: when a human finger touches the surface of an RFID tag, the impedance of the antenna changes. This change manifests as a change in the phase of the RFID backscattered signal, and is used by RIO to track fine-grained touch movement over both off-the shelf and custom built tags. We study this impedance behavior in-depth and show how RIO is a reliable UI primitive that is robust even within a multi-tag environment. We leverage this primitive to build a prototype of RIO that can continuously locate a finger during a swipe movement to within 3 mm of its actual position. We also show how custom-design RFID tags can be built and used with RIO, and provide two example applications that demonstrate its real-world use.
Antitumor properties of influenza virus vectors. (2000)

We are investigating the potential use of influenza virus vectors expressing selected tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) as therapeutic agents in anticancer strategies. Previously, we have shown that recombinant influenza viruses expressing a model TAA mediated the regression of established pulmonary metastases in mice through the induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses (N. P. Restifo et al., Virology, 249: 89-97, 1998). We have now expanded these observations in the mouse model using survival as the end point of the assay. Animals with a high tumor burden showed extended survival times when treated with a recombinant influenza virus expressing a TAA, but they finally succumbed to death. Death was associated with the presence of a small number of large tumors in lungs. Interestingly, these tumors were found to express undetectable levels of the TAAs because of a down-regulation in the TAA-specific mRNA levels. On the other hand, mice with five times lower tumor burden showed complete tumor regression and survival for >6 six months when treated with the recombinant virus. These animals showed protection against a tumor challenge 6 months after treatment. Our results suggest that recombinant influenza viruses may be useful as therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of cancers with known TAAs.
Identification of Compliant Pseudo-Rigid-Body Mechanism Configurations Resulting in Bistable Behavior (2000)

Abstract Bistable mechanisms, which have two stable equilibria within their range of motion, are important parts of a wide variety of systems, such as closures, valves, switches, and clasps. Compliant bistable mechanisms present design challenges because the mechanism’s energy storage and motion characteristics are strongly coupled and must be considered simultaneously. This paper studies compliant bistable mechanisms which may be modeled as four-link mechanisms with a torsional spring at one joint. Theory is developed to predict compliant and rigid-body mechanism configurations which guarantee bistable behavior. With this knowledge, designers can largely uncouple the motion and energy storage requirements of a bistable mechanism design problem. Examples demonstrate the power of the theory in bistable mechanism design.
A Novel Sparse Geometric 3-D LiDAR Odometry Approach (2020)

Localization is a fundamental prerequisite, no matter whether a single robot or multirobot system, where light detection and ranging (LiDAR) odometry has attracted great interest with accurate depth information and robustness to illumination variations. In this article, a novel 3-D LiDAR odometry approach based on sparse geometric information is proposed. Different from geometric map-based 3-D LiDAR odometry methods with point features, we concern significant line and plane features based on eigenvalues of neighboring points. Furthermore, line-to-line and plane-to-plane associations instead of point-to-line and point-to-plane associations are adopted, and the problem of high computation complexity for scan-to-map matching module caused by point feature is solved. The proposed approach can not only guarantee the accuracy of pose estimation but also reduce computation complexity. Experiments on the public KITTI dataset and an outdoor scenario demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Singlemode diode-pumped tunable erbium-doped fibre laser with linewidth less than 5.5 kHz (1991)

A diode-pumped, broadly tunable, single frequency erbium-doped fibre ring laser is reported. Tuning and single longitudinal mode selection are accomplished by use of two fibre Fabry-Perot etalons. The threshold for 1.48 μm pumping is 8.8 mW and the slope efficiency is 11.5%. The laser can be tuned to wavelengths between 1.530 and 1.575 μm and operates singlemode throughout this range. Its linewidth is measured at 1.56 μm to be less than 5.5 kHz.
Scalable Detection of Spatiotemporal Encounters in Historical Movement Data (2012)

Abstract The widespread adoption of location‐aware devices is resulting in the generation of large amounts of spatiotemporal movement data, collected and stored in digital repositories. This forms a fertile ground for domain experts and scientists to analyze such historical data and discover interesting movement behavioral patterns. Experts in many domains, such as transportation, logistics and retail, are interested in detecting and understanding movement patterns and behavior of objects in relation to each other. Their insights can point to optimization potential and reveal deviations from planned behavior. In this paper, we focus on the detection of the encounter patterns as one possible type in movement behavior. These patterns refer to objects being close to one another in terms of space and time. We define scalability as a core requirement when dealing with historical movement data, in order to allow the domain expert to set parameters of the encounter detection algorithm. Our approach leverages a designated data structure and requires only a single pass over chronological data, thus resulting in highly scalable and fast technique to detect encounters. Consequently, users are able to explore their data by interactively specifying the spatial and temporal windows that define encounters. We evaluate our proposed method as a function of its input parameters and data size. We instantiate the proposed method on urban public transportation data, where we found a large number of encounters. We show that single encounters emerge into higher level patterns that are of particular interest and value to the domain.
Alternative reagents for chemical noise reduction in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using selective ion-molecule reactions (2008)

Reduction of ionic chemical background noise based on selective gas-phase reactions with chosen neutral reagents has been proven to be a very promising approach in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In this study further investigations on alternative reagents including the disulfides (dimethyl disulfide, diethyl disulfide, methyl propyl disulfide), dimethyl trisulfide, ethylene oxide, and butadiene monoxide, for example, have been carried out. Tandem mass spectrometric studies of ion/molecule reactions indicate that-besides dimethyl disulfide-ethylene oxide and butadiene monoxide also exhibit very efficient reactions with background ions. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the reactions are very selective according to the test with some analyte ions. In contrast to its rapid reactions with background ions, ethylene oxide does not react, or reacts much less, with these analytes. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative reagent for noise reduction. Although reactions of the other tested neutral reagents with background ions are evaluated, they are generally not suitable as reagents for this purpose because of lack of reactivity or dramatic ion losses during reactions.
Matching and retrieval based on the vocabulary and grammar of color patterns (2003)

While it is recognized that images are described through color, texture and shapes of objects in the scene, general image understanding is still difficult. Thus, to perform image retrieval in a human-like manner one has to choose a specific domain, understand how users achieve similarity within that domain and then build a system that duplicates human performance. Since color and texture are fundamental aspects of human perception we propose a set of techniques for retrieval of color patterns. To determine how humans judge similarity of color patterns we performed a subjective study. Based on the results of the study five most relevant visual categories for the perception of pattern similarity were identified. We also determined the hierarchy of rules governing the use of these categories. Based on these results we designed a system which accepts one or more texture images as input, and depending on the query, produces a set of choices that follow human behavior in pattern matching. Processing steps in our model follow those of the human visual system, resulting in perceptually based features and distance measures. As expected, search results closely correlate with human choices.
Task Modeling Infrastructure for Analyzing Smart Phone Usage (2010)

We present a task modeling infrastructure for smart phone applications. The infrastructure consists of a generic task model (TM) and software tool-TM Designer-which allow a modeler to create task models that support tracking smart phone users and analyzing their use of smart phone applications. The syntax of the TM include smart phones applications, goals of applications, screens included in each application, and the possible transitions from any goal or screen to another goals and screens. In addition, the TM includes physical representations of the TM components for aligning and matching the logic TM with the physical smart phone while tracking the phone usage. Since the TM aims at modeling various smart phone applications for different mobile devices, a specific inheritance mechanism was developed to enable the reuse of TM components. Based on the tracked usage data, the service provider will be able to learn about the efficiency of the smart phone usage, predict the intentions of the users while operating the device, and provide appropriate help. In addition, the gathered usage information will enable discovering patterns of use of various applications, and predict users' interests in existing and new smart phone services and applications.
Scan Test of Die Logic in 3-D ICs Using TSV Probing (2014)

Prebond testing of through-silicon-vias (TSVs) and die logic is a significant challenge and a potential roadblock for 3-D integration. Built-in self-test solutions introduce considerable die area overhead. Oversized probe pads on TSVs to provide prebond test access limit both test bandwidth and TSV density. This paper presents a solution to these problems, allowing a probe card to contact TSVs without the need for probe pads, enabling both TSV and prebond scan test. Several possible prebond scan test configurations are shown-they provide varying degrees of test parallelism under design constraints. HSPICE simulations are performed on two logic-on-logic 3-D benchmarks. Results show that the ratio of the number of probe needles available for test access to the number of prebond scan chains determines which prebond scan configuration results in the shortest test time. Maximum prebond scan-in and scan-out shift-clock speeds are determined for dies in a benchmark 3-D design as a function of driver strength and transmission gate width. These clock speeds show that prebond scan test can be performed at a speed that is comparable with scan testing of packaged dies. The maximum clock speed can also be tuned by changing the drive strength of the probe and on-die drivers of the TSV network. Estimates are also provided for peak and average power consumption during prebond scan test for both a high-power pattern per scan chain and an average power pattern per scan chain. On-die area overhead for the proposed method is estimated to be between 1.0% and 2.9% per die for two 3-D benchmarks.
Processing code-multiplexed Coulter signals <i>via</i> deep convolutional neural networks (2019)

Beyond their conventional use of counting and sizing particles, Coulter sensors can be used to spatially track suspended particles, with multiple sensors distributed over a microfluidic chip. Code-multiplexing of Coulter sensors allows such integration to be implemented with simple hardware but requires advanced signal processing to extract multi-dimensional information from the output waveform. In this work, we couple deep learning-based signal analysis with microfluidic code-multiplexed Coulter sensor networks. Specifically, we train convolutional neural networks to analyze Coulter waveforms not only to recognize certain sensor waveform patterns but also to resolve interferences among them. Our technology predicts the size, speed, and location of each detected particle. We show that the algorithm yields a >90% pattern recognition accuracy for distinguishing non-correlated waveform patterns at a processing speed that can potentially enable real-time microfluidic assays. Furthermore, once trained, the algorithm can readily be applied for processing electrical data from other microfluidic devices integrated with the same Coulter sensor network.
ChemInform Abstract: A SHORT, EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF AN ANTHRACYCLINE ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTIC SYNTHON (1978)

Abstract Das aus p‐Benzochinon und Butadien gebildete Addukt (I) liefert den Dihydronaphthalinether (II), der zu (IIIa) hydroboriert und weiter zu (IIIb) verethert wird.
Biology and clinical relevance of granulysin (2009)

Granulysin is a cytolytic and proinflammatory molecule first identified by a screen for genes expressed 'late' (3-5 days) after activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Granulysin is present in cytolytic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Granulysin is made in a 15-kDa form that is cleaved into a 9-kDa form at both the amino and the carboxy termini. The 15-kDa form is constitutively secreted, and its function remains poorly understood. The 9-kDa form is released by receptor-mediated granule exocytosis. Nine kiloDalton granulysin is broadly cytolytic against tumors and microbes, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi/yeast and parasites. It kills the causative agents of both tuberculosis and malaria. Granulysin is also a chemoattractant for T lymphocytes, monocytes and other inflammatory cells and activates the expression of a number of cytokines, including regulated upon activation T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-alpha. Granulysin is implicated in a myriad of diseases including infection, cancer, transplantation, autoimmunity, skin and reproductive maladies. Small synthetic forms of granulysin are being developed as novel antibiotics. Studies of the full-length forms may give rise to new diagnostics and therapeutics for use in a wide variety of diseases.
Anthropometric clothing measurements from 3D body scans (2020)

Abstract We propose a full processing pipeline to acquire anthropometric measurements from 3D measurements. The first stage of our pipeline is a commercial point cloud scanner. In the second stage, a pre-defined body model is fitted to the captured point cloud. We have generated one male and one female model from the SMPL library. The fitting process is based on non-rigid iterative closest point algorithm that minimizes overall energy of point distance and local stiffness energy terms. In the third stage, we measure multiple circumference paths on the fitted model surface and use a nonlinear regressor to provide the final estimates of anthropometric measurements. We scanned 194 male and 181 female subjects, and the proposed pipeline provides mean absolute errors from 2.5 to 16.0 mm depending on the anthropometric measurement.
Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces that Prevent Bacterial Surface Fouling and Inhibit Virulence Phenotypes in Surrounding Planktonic Cells (2016)

Surfaces that can both prevent bacterial biofouling and inhibit the expression of virulence phenotypes in surrounding planktonic bacteria are of interest in a broad range of contexts. Here, we report new slippery-liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) that resist bacterial colonization (owing to inherent "slippery" surface character) and also attenuate virulence phenotypes in non-adherent cells by gradually releasing small-molecule quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). QSIs active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be loaded into SLIPS without loss of their slippery and antifouling properties, and imbedded agents can be released into surrounding media over hours to days depending on the structures of the loaded agent. This controlled-release approach is useful for inhibiting virulence factor production and can also inhibit bacterial biofilm formation on nearby, non-SLIPS-coated surfaces. Finally, we demonstrate that this approach is compatible with the simultaneous release of more than one type of QSI, enabling greater control over virulence and suggesting new opportunities to tune the antifouling properties of these slippery surfaces.
Photocurrent multiplication in organic pigment films (1994)

Large photocurrent multiplication reaching 10 000 times has been observed in a perylene pigment film sandwiched between Au electrodes. The phenomenon occurs at the interface between the perylene film and a negatively biased Au electrode and is found to be associated with electron injection from the Au electrode to the perylene film through the depletion layer formed in the pigment film under a high electric field, which is built up by the photoaccumulated space charges of trapped holes near the interface.
Dual Angiotensin II and Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists:  Synthesis of 2‘-Substituted N-3-Isoxazolyl Biphenylsulfonamides with Improved Potency and Pharmacokinetics (2004)

In a previous report we demonstrated that merging together key structural elements present in an AT(1) receptor antagonist (1, irbesartan) with key structural elements in a biphenylsulfonamide ET(A) receptor antagonist (2) followed by additional optimization provided compound 3 as a dual-action receptor antagonist (DARA), which potently blocked both AT(1) and ET(A) receptors. Described herein are our efforts directed toward improving both the pharmacokinetic profile as well as the AT(1) and ET(A) receptor potency of 3. Our efforts centered on modifying the 2'-side chain of 3 and examining the isoxazolylsulfonamide moiety in 3. This effort resulted in the discovery of 7 as a highly potent second-generation DARA. Compound 7 also showed substantially improved pharmacokinetic properties compared to 3. In rats, DARA 7 reduced blood pressure elevations caused by intravenous infusion of Ang II or big ET-1 to a greater extent and with longer duration than DARA 3 or AT(1) or ET(A) receptor antagonists alone. Compound 7 clearly demonstrated superiority over irbesartan (an AT(1) receptor antagonist) in the normal SHR model of hypertension in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the synergy of AT(1) and ET(A) receptor blockade in a single molecule.
Bulk acoustic delay lines utilizing sub-micron platelet LiNbO<inf>3</inf>transducer (1973)

This article describes the fabrication technology and preliminary results of a new generation of bulk acoustic delay lines. The approach being taken is to use magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> ) as the delay medium and to fabricate shear wave transducers from bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ). We have recently developed a technology for fabrication of sub-micron bulk platelet instead of thin film transducers. Lithium niobate transducers with thicknesses as thin as 0.2 µm have been achieved. This technology employs a novel bonding technique, the room temperature vacuum bond, and a carefully controlled process of ion beam milling. Bulk wave acoustic delay lines consisting of LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> transducers on spinel substrate have yielded very wideband and low loss operation in S-, C- and X-band frequencies.
Iterative optimization yields Mcl-1–targeting stapled peptides with selective cytotoxicity to Mcl-1–dependent cancer cells (2018)

Bcl-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis, and aberrant interactions of overexpressed antiapoptotic family members such as Mcl-1 promote cell transformation, cancer survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Discovering potent and selective Mcl-1 inhibitors that can relieve apoptotic blockades is thus a high priority for cancer research. An attractive strategy for disabling Mcl-1 involves using designer peptides to competitively engage its binding groove, mimicking the structural mechanism of action of native sensitizer BH3-only proteins. We transformed Mcl-1-binding peptides into α-helical, cell-penetrating constructs that are selectively cytotoxic to Mcl-1-dependent cancer cells. Critical to the design of effective inhibitors was our introduction of an all-hydrocarbon cross-link or "staple" that stabilizes α-helical structure, increases target binding affinity, and independently confers binding specificity for Mcl-1 over related Bcl-2 family paralogs. Two crystal structures of complexes at 1.4 Å and 1.9 Å resolution demonstrate how the hydrophobic staple induces an unanticipated structural rearrangement in Mcl-1 upon binding. Systematic sampling of staple location and iterative optimization of peptide sequence in accordance with established design principles provided peptides that target intracellular Mcl-1. This work provides proof of concept for the development of potent, selective, and cell-permeable stapled peptides for therapeutic targeting of Mcl-1 in cancer, applying a design and validation workflow applicable to a host of challenging biomedical targets.