gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral, Porous, Hybrid Solids for Highly Enantioselective Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Keto Esters (2004)

In the Communication “Chiral, Porous, Hybrid Solids for Highly Enantioselective Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β-Keto Esters” by A. Hu, H. L. Ngo, and W. Lin1, the authors neglected to cross-reference their thematically related communication in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 11 490–11 491. The latter publication reported the hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with up to 99.2% ee by a different mechanism in the presence of a different [Ru(4,4'-binap)(diamine)Cl2]–derived solid catalyst. The authors apologize for this accidental oversight.
DeComplex: Task planning from complex natural instructions by a\n collocating robot (2020)

As the number of robots in our daily surroundings like home, office,\nrestaurants, factory floors, etc. are increasing rapidly, the development of\nnatural human-robot interaction mechanism becomes more vital as it dictates the\nusability and acceptability of the robots. One of the valued features of such a\ncohabitant robot is that it performs tasks that are instructed in natural\nlanguage. However, it is not trivial to execute the human intended tasks as\nnatural language expressions can have large linguistic variations. Existing\nworks assume either single task instruction is given to the robot at a time or\nthere are multiple independent tasks in an instruction. However, complex task\ninstructions composed of multiple inter-dependent tasks are not handled\nefficiently in the literature. There can be ordering dependency among the\ntasks, i.e., the tasks have to be executed in a certain order or there can be\nexecution dependency, i.e., input parameter or execution of a task depends on\nthe outcome of another task. Understanding such dependencies in a complex\ninstruction is not trivial if an unconstrained natural language is allowed. In\nthis work, we propose a method to find the intended order of execution of\nmultiple inter-dependent tasks given in natural language instruction. Based on\nour experiment, we show that our system is very accurate in generating a viable\nexecution plan from a complex instruction.\n
Say it With me: Stuttering Inhibited (2004)

This study examined fluency enhancement in people who stutter via the concomitant presentation of silently mouthed visual speech. Ten adults who stutter recited memorized text while watching another speaker silently mouth linguistically equivalent and linguistically different material. Relative to a control condition, in which no concomitant stimulus was provided, stuttering was reduced by 71% in the linguistically equivalent condition versus only 35% in the linguistically different condition. Despite being an 'incomplete' second speech signal, visual speech possesses the capacity to immediately and substantially enhance fluency when it is linguistically equivalent to the intended utterance. It is suggested that fluency enhancement via concomitantly presented external speech is achieved through the extraction of relevant speech gestures from the external speech signal that compliment the intended production, thereby compensating for possible internal inconsistencies in the matching of speech codes in people who stutter. As visual speech perception relies on fewer redundant cues to demarcate the intended gestures, when used as an external stuttering inhibitor, higher degrees of linguistic equivalence seem to be necessary for optimal stuttering inhibition.
Murine Epidermal Growth Factor Peptide (33-42) Binds to a YIGSR-specific Laminin Receptor on both Tumor and Endothelial Cells (1996)

A laminin-antagonist peptide, comprising amino acids 33-42 of murine epidermal growth factor (mEGF-(33-42)), interacts with a breast cancer- and endothelial cell-associated receptor, which is specific for the laminin B1 chain sequence, CDPGYIGSR-NH2 (Lam.B1-(925-933)), and is immunologically similar to a previously described 67-kDa laminin receptor. In whole cell receptor assays, mEGF-(33-42), Lam. B1-(925-933), and laminin all have IC50 values for displacement of 125I-laminin in the range 1-5 nM. Cell attachment to solid-phase laminin is also blocked by all three ligands, but in contrast to the receptor assays, mEGF-(33-42) or Lam.B1-(925-933), while equipotent with each other, were less effective than laminin. The concentrations of the peptides required to produce half-maximal inhibition of attachment were in the range 230-390 nM, but those for laminin were 1000-fold lower, in the range 0.2-0.3 nM. Like laminin, solid-phase mEGF-(33-42) supports cell attachment, and this ability is blocked by anti-67-kDa receptor antibodies. Modeling studies suggest that both peptides present a tyrosyl and an arginyl residue on the same face of a right-handed helical fold with elliptical cross-section.
A Fibrinogen-Binding Protein of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (1998)

The present study reports on fibrinogen (Fg) binding of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Adhesion of different S. epidermidis strains to immobilized Fg was found to vary significantly between different strains, and the component responsible was found to be proteinaceous in nature. To further characterize the Fg-binding activity, a shotgun phage display library covering the S. epidermidis chromosome was constructed. By affinity selection (panning) against immobilized Fg, a phagemid clone, pSEFG1, was isolated, which harbors an insert with an open reading frame of approximately 1.7 kilobases. Results from binding and inhibition experiments demonstrated that the insert of pSEFG1 encodes a specific Fg-binding protein. Furthermore, affinity-purified protein encoded by pSEFG1 completely inhibited adhesion of S. epidermidis to immobilized Fg. By additional cloning and DNA sequence analyses, the complete gene, termed fbe, was found to consist of an open reading frame of 3,276 nucleotides encoding a protein, called Fbe, with a deduced molecular mass of approximately 119 kDa. With a second phage display library made from another clinical isolate of S. epidermidis, it was possible to localize the Fg-binding region to a 331-amino-acid-long fragment. PCR analysis showed that the fbe gene was found in 40 of 43 clinical isolates of S. epidermidis. The overall organization of Fbe resembles those of other extracellular surface proteins of staphylococci and streptococci. Sequence comparisons with earlier known proteins revealed that this protein is related to an Fg-binding protein of Staphylococcus aureus called clumping factor.
Multiplexed Western Blotting Using Microchip Electrophoresis (2016)

Western blotting is a commonly used protein assay that combines the selectivity of electrophoretic separation and immunoassay. The technique is limited by long time, manual operation with mediocre reproducibility, and large sample consumption, typically 10-20 μg per assay. Western blots are also usually used to measure only one protein per assay with an additional housekeeping protein for normalization. Measurement of multiple proteins is possible; however, it requires stripping membranes of antibody and then reprobing with a second antibody. Miniaturized alternatives to Western blot based on microfluidic or capillary electrophoresis have been developed that enable higher-throughput, automation, and greater mass sensitivity. In one approach, proteins are separated by electrophoresis on a microchip that is dragged along a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane so that as proteins exit the chip they are captured on the membrane for immunoassay. In this work, we improve this method to allow multiplexed protein detection. Multiple injections made from the same sample can be deposited in separate tracks so that each is probed with a different antibody. To further enhance multiplexing capability, the electrophoresis channel dimensions were optimized for resolution while keeping separation and blotting times to less than 8 min. Using a 15 μm deep × 50 μm wide × 8.6 cm long channel, it is possible to achieve baseline resolution of proteins that differ by 5% in molecular weight, e.g., ERK1 (44 kDa) from ERK2 (42 kDa). This resolution allows similar proteins detected by cross-reactive antibodies in a single track. We demonstrate detection of 11 proteins from 9 injections from a single Jurkat cell lysate sample consisting of 400 ng of total protein using this procedure. Thus, multiplexed Western blots are possible without cumbersome stripping and reprobing steps.
Reduction of the onset response in kilohertz frequency alternating current nerve block with amplitude ramps from non-zero amplitudes (2019)

This maneuver can potentially be used to initiate complete nerve block, transition to partial block and then resume complete block without producing further onset responses.
Optical design of a monocentric autostereoscopic immersive display (2002)

An optical design of an autostereoscopic immersive video display is described. The apparatus uses pupil imaging with a curved mirror to achieve autostereoscopic performance. It employs a monocentric design to enable a wide field of view and large pupils while keeping the lens diameters small to fit them within the interocular separation.
The GP2 peptide: A HER2/<i>neu</i>‐based breast cancer vaccine (2012)

Preclinical studies suggest that GP2, a HER2/neu-derived peptide, is immunogenic. Subsequent phase I clinical trials demonstrated that GP2-based vaccines are safe and effective in stimulating peptide-specific immunity. A GP2 peptide vaccine is currently being evaluated in a phase II efficacy trial enrolling breast cancer patients. This article reviews initial studies characterizing GP2, clinical trials investigating GP2-based vaccines, and novel immunotherapy strategies incorporating GP2 in combination with other peptides or with the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab.
Improved resolution in positron attenuation tomography using multiple views (2016)

Positron attenuation tomography (PAT) is a new modality for imaging the linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) of magnetically constrained β <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -ray beams in matter. A complete 3D LAC image of an object can be made by measuring the positron annihilation rate density within it at a single orientation relative to the beam, and then applying the PAT transformation. The spatial resolution of this image is limited by the resolution of the positron emission tomography (PET) system used to acquire the data as well as the scattering and gyration of the positrons around the magnetic field lines. Due to the directional nature of the imaging process as well as its discrete sampling, PAT images acquired at different view angles may carry unique information on the object's structure. This paper describes a forward model of PAT image formation and a back-propagation algorithm that, when used together to iteratively combine the data from multiple views, can improve the spatial resolution of PAT LAC images. The technique is demonstrated on measured and simulated data.
Derivatives of polyaromatic hydrocarbons as red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (2001)

The present study focuses on the photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties of a new fluorescent red emitter based on a derivative of a polyaromatic hydrocarbon. 6,13-diphenylpentacene has a very narrow emission spectrum giving rise to a saturated red color with excellent chromaticity coordinates (x equals 0.64 and y equals 0.34) in accordance with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE). Efficient organic electroluminescent devices with saturated red emission were developed using a composite of 6,13-diphenylpentacene and Alq<SUB>3</SUB> as the active emissive layer. An electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 1.4% at 100 A/m<SUP>2</SUP>, close to the theoretical limit (1.5%) (based on the measured fluorescence quantum yield, (phi) <SUB>pl</SUB> equals 30%, of the emitting layer) was measured for an unoptimized device structure that consists of the emissive layer sandwiched between hole and electron transport layers. In addition, the quantum efficiencies of the pentacene-based devices are stable over a wide range of current densities (1 to 1000 A/m<SUP>2</SUP>).
Neural Models for Key Phrase Detection and Question Generation (2017)

We propose a two-stage neural model to tackle question generation from documents. First, our model estimates the probability that word sequences in a document are ones that a human would pick when selecting candidate answers by training a neural key-phrase extractor on the answers in a question-answering corpus. Predicted key phrases then act as target answers and condition a sequence-to-sequence question-generation model with a copy mechanism. Empirically, our key-phrase extraction model significantly outperforms an entity-tagging baseline and existing rule-based approaches. We further demonstrate that our question generation system formulates fluent, answerable questions from key phrases. This two-stage system could be used to augment or generate reading comprehension datasets, which may be leveraged to improve machine reading systems or in educational settings.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 5,6,6A,8,9,11A‐HEXAHYDRONAPHTH(1′,2′:4,5)IMIDAZO(2,1‐B)THIAZOLES AND 5,6,6A,9,10,11A‐HEXAHYDRONAPHTH(2′,1′:4,5)IMIDAZO(2,1‐B)THIAZOLES (1981)

Abstract Verschiedene Imidazothiazole (XV), (XVI) und (XVIII) werden gemäß Formelschema dargestellt.
A frequency counter based analog-to-digital converter for a RFID telemetry system (2007)

This paper describes a method for determining a digital representation of a value for a remote sensing element using a novel and lower power method of analog to digital conversion. This conversion process is most effective for low-frequency, radio frequency identification (RFID) sensing systems where the sensing element tags are powered by an inductively coupled carrier signal of fixed frequency. The method uses a specially gated frequency counter to create a digital value that is related to the system's carrier frequency and the frequency of variable oscillator used with the sensing element. This conversion method is highly scalable while maintaining a low current consumption. One configuration yields four bits of resolution with a conversion time of 1.34 ms and a current consumption of 30 muA. The ASIC was fabricated on a 1.5 mum CMOS process from AMI Semiconductor.
DNA repair and the molecular mechanisms of Bloom's syndrome. (1990)

This critical review considers recent work on alterations in DNA repair capacity in Bloom's syndrome as a molecular mechanism for this human disorder. Four main types of DNA repair deficiencies are discussed. These include perturbations in the temporal regulation of DNA repair pathways during the cell cycle, failure to enhance DNA repair pathways during cell proliferation, reduced levels of DNA ligase in Bloom's syndrome cells, and the identification of mutant repair enzyme proteins. These deficiencies are considered in relation to the cellular characteristics of Bloom's syndrome, including delays in DNA replication, hypermutability, and increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations (spontaneously occurring or observed after exposure to environmental agents). The relationship between DNA repair deficiencies and the genetic basis of Bloom's syndrome is described. Previous evidence suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for Bloom's syndrome. A discussion is presented as to the molecular mechanism through which an alteration in a single gene could result in multiple DNA repair defects.
High performance NiZn ferrite (2001)

High-performance NiZn ferrite was developed for use in mini DC-DC converters and inductors. In the development process, attention was focused on a small amount of MnO/sub 2/ contained in NiZn ferrite. The quantity of MnO/sub 2/ was examined as to its effects on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of NiZn ferrite cores. It was confirmed that core loss can be reduced by optimizing the MnO/sub 2/ content. This was attributed to the decrease of lattice strain in the crystal structure of the core by a change in MnO/sub 2/ content, which causes a chain reaction of a coercive force decline and then a hysteresis loss decline. As a result, we were able to develop a top class low-loss NiZn ferrite.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Phenylthiazolidine Derivatives as Cardiotonic Agents. Part 1. 2‐Phenylthiazolidine‐3‐thiocarboxamides. (1987)

Abstract The benzaldehydes (I) react with 2‐aminoethanethiol (II) to yield the 2‐phenylthiazolidines (III) which are substituted at the nitrogen atom with the isothiocyanate (IV), giving the thiourea derivatives (V).
Experimental demonstration of two-photon Mueller matrix second-harmonic generation microscopy (2016)

We present the first experimental demonstration of two-photon Mueller matrix second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy for the extraction of representative Mueller matrices. Individual SHG images of porcine sample sets are divided into subimages, and the local nonlinear two-photon Mueller matrices (M(2)) and degree of polarization (p) are determined. Results of the two-photon Mueller matrices from different sample types and the effects of thickness on the mean p distribution per polarization basis are investigated. We find that the p distribution shape changes and an associated bimodal mean difference (μd) increases with thickness. Our approach has potential as a quantitative imaging technique and can be applied to other multiphoton coherent imaging modalities.
LAM (2002)

Large-area multi-projector displays show significant spatial variation in color, both within a single projector's field of view and across different projectors. Recent research in this area has shown that the color variation is primarily due to luminance variation. Luminance varies within a single projector's field of view, across different brands of projectors and with the variation in projector parameters. Luminance variation is also introduced by overlap between adjacent projectors. On the other hand, chrominance remains constant throughout a projector's field of view and varies little with the change in projector parameters, especially for projectors of the same brand. Hence, matching luminance response of all the pixels of a multi-projector display should help us to achieve photometric uniformity.In this paper, we present a method to do a per channel per pixel luminance matching. Our method consists of a one-time calibration procedure when a luminance attenuation map (LAM) is generated. This LAM is then used to correct any image to achieve photometric uniformity. In the one-time calibration step, we first use a camera to measure the per channel luminance response of a multi-projector display and find the pixel with the most luminance response. Then, for each projector, we generate a per channel LAM that assigns a weight to every pixel of the projector to scale the luminance response of that pixel to match with the most limited response. This LAM is then used to attenuate any image projected by the projector.This method can be extended to do the image correction in real time on traditional graphics pipeline by using alpha blending and color look-up-tables. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to match luminance across all the pixels of a multi-projector display. Our results show that luminance matching can indeed achieve photometric uniformity.
SLM-Transform: A Method for Memory-Efficient Indexing of Spectra for Database Search in LC-MS/MS Proteomics (2019)

Abstract The most commonly used strategy for peptide identification in shotgun LC-MS/MS proteomics involves searching of MS/MS data against an in-silico digested protein sequence database. Typically, the digested peptide sequences are indexed into the memory to allow faster search times. However, subjecting a database to post-translational modifications (PTMs) during digestion results in an exponential increase in the number of peptides and therefore memory consumption. This limits the usage of existing fragment-ion based open-search algorithms for databases with several PTMs. In this paper, we propose a novel fragment-ion indexing technique which is analogous to suffix array transformation and allows constant time querying of indexed ions. We extend our transformation method, called SLM-Transform, by constructing ion buckets that allow querying of all indexed ions by mass by only storing information on distribution of ion-frequencies within buckets. The stored information is used with a regression technique to locate the position of ions in constant time. Moreover, the number of theoretical b- and y-ions generated and indexed for each theoretical spectrum are limited. Our results show that SLM-Transform allows indexing of up to 4x peptides than other leading fragment-ion based database search tools within the same memory constraints. We show that SLM-Transform based index allows indexing of over 83 million peptides within 26GB RAM as compared to 80GB required by MSFragger. Finally, we show the constant ion retrieval time for SLM-Transform based index allowing ultrafast peptide search speeds. Source code will be made available at: https://github.com/pcdslab/slmindex
The Catalytic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Liphagal (2011)

Aus kommerziell erhältlichen Verbindungen wurde das natürliche Meroterpenoid (+)-Liphagal enantioselektiv in 19 Stufen synthetisiert. Das trans-Homodecalin-System wurde dabei durch eine Ringerweiterung mit anschließender stereoselektiver Hydrierung eingeführt.
Wlru cpu cache replacement algorithm (2007)

A CPU consists of two parts, the CPU cores and the CPU caches. CPU caches are small but fast memories usually on the same die as the CPU cores. Recently used instructions and data are stored in CPU caches. Accessing CPU caches takes a quater to five nano seconds, but accessing the main memory takes 100 to 150 nano seconds. The main memory is so slow that the CPU is idle for more than 80% of the time waiting for memory accesses. This problem is known as the memory wall. The memory wall implies that faster or more CPU cores are of little use if the performance of CPU caches does not improve. 
Generally, larger CPU caches have higher performance but the improvement is very small. A smarter CPU cache replacement algorithm is of more potential. The CPU cache replacement algorithm decides which cache content to be replaced. Currently, Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement and its variants are most widely used in CPUs. However, the performance of LRU is not satisfactory for applications of poor locality, such as network protocols and applications. We found that there is a pattern in the memory references of these applications that makes LRU fails. Based on this discovery, we developed a new CPU cache replacement called Weighted Least Recently Used (WLRU). Trace based simulations show that WLRU has significant improvement over LRU for applications of poor locality. For example, for web servers, WLRU has 50% fewer L2 cache misses than LRU. This means WLRU can immediately improve the performance of web servers by more than 200%. 
CPU caches have been intensively studied in the past thirty years. WLRU has by far the biggest improvement. Our studies also indicate that WLRU is very close to the theoretical upper limit of cache replacement algorithms. This means any further improvement in CPU cache performance will have to come from changes to the software. In future work, we will investigate how to write OS and software to have better CPU cache performance.