gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TopicTiling: A Text Segmentation Algorithm based on LDA (2012)

This work presents a Text Segmentation algorithm called TopicTiling. This algorithm is based on the well-known TextTiling algorithm, and segments documents using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model. We show that using the mode topic ID assigned during the inference method of LDA, used to annotate unseen documents, improves performance by stabilizing the obtained topics. We show significant improvements over state of the art segmentation algorithms on two standard datasets. As an additional benefit, TopicTiling performs the segmentation in linear time and thus is computationally less expensive than other LDA-based segmentation methods. 1
Standard OSEM vs. regularized PET image reconstruction: qualitative and quantitative comparison using phantom data and various clinical radiopharmaceuticals. (2018)

We investigated the block sequential regularized expectation maximization (BSREM) algorithm. ACR phantom measurements with different count statistics and 60 PET/CT research scans from the GE Discovery 600 and 690 scanners were reconstructed using BSREM and the standard-of-care OSEM algorithm. Hot concentration recovery and cold contrast recovery were measured from the phantom data. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians reviewed the clinical images blindly. Liver SNR liver and SUV<sub>max</sub> of the smallest lesion detected in each patient were also measured. The relationship between the maximum and mean hot concentration recovery remained monotonic below 1.5 maximum concentration recovery. The mean cold contrast recovery remained stable even for decreasing statistics with a highest absolute difference of 4% in air and 2% in bone for each reconstruction method. The D600 images resulted in an average 30% higher SNR than the D690 data for BSREM; there was no difference in SNR results between the two scanners with OSEM. The small lesion SUV<sub>max</sub> values on the BSREM images with <i>β</i> of 250, 350 and 450, respectively were on average 80%, 60% and 43% (D690) and 42%, 29%, and 21% (D600) higher than in the case of OSEM. In conclusion, BSREM can outperform OSEM in terms of contrast recovery and organ uniformity over a range of PET tracers, but a task dependent regularization strength parameter (beta) selection may be necessary. To avoid image noise and artifacts, our results suggest that using higher beta values (at least 350) may be appropriate, especially if the data has low count statistics.
A High-Symmetry Coordination Cage from 38- or 62-Component Self-Assembly (2012)

Artificial molecular architecture from a large number of subcomponents (>50) via self-assembly remains a formidable challenge for chemists. Reaction of 38 components [14 Ni(2+) and 24 N-methyl-1-(4-imidazolyl)methanimine] under solvothermal conditions reproducibly leads to the formation of a high-symmetry coordination cage. This polyhedral cage can also be obtained in high yield by self-assembly of 62 commercially available subcomponents (24 methylamine, 24 4-formylimidazole, and 14 Ni(2+)) under mild conditions involving synchronized formation of both dynamic covalent bonds and coordination bonds. Guest molecules (e.g., water, methylamine, and methanol) are randomly imprisoned in the cage.
Receptors and pathways mediating the effects of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> on airway tone (2003)

Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has complex effects on airway tone, and the existence of four PGE(2) [E-prostanoid (EP)] receptors, each with distinct signaling characteristics, has provided a possible explanation for the seemingly contradictory actions of this lipid mediator. To identify the receptors mediating the actions of PGE(2) on bronchomotor tone, we examined its effects on the airways of wild-type and EP receptor-deficient mice. In conscious mice the administration of PGE(2) increased airway responsiveness primarily through the EP1 receptor, although on certain genetic backgrounds a contribution of the EP3 receptor was detected. These effects of PGE(2) were eliminated by pretreatment with either atropine or bupivacaine and were undetectable in anesthetized mice or in denervated tracheal rings, where only EP2-mediated relaxation of airway smooth muscle was observed. Together, our findings are consistent with a model in which PGE(2) modulates airway tone by activating multiple receptors expressed on various cell populations and in which the relative contribution of these receptors might depend on the expression of modifier alleles. PGE(2)/EP1/EP3-induced airway constriction occurs indirectly through activation of neural pathways, whereas PGE(2)-induced bronchodilation results from direct activation of EP2 receptors on airway smooth muscle. This segregation of EP receptor function within the airway suggests that PGE(2) analogs that selectively activate the EP2 receptor without activating the EP1/EP3 receptors might prove useful in the treatment of asthma.
Introduction (2007)

The religious dispositions, political aspirations, economic interests, and literary tastes of Dissenting communities impelled the genesis of Romanticism in England. During the late eighteenth century, theological and denominational distinctions inhabited individual manners, shaped political organizations, fueled commercial endeavors, and informed cultural programs. Although there may have been some truth to William Hazlitt's claim in his essay of 1815, “On the Tendency of Sects,” that “It would be vain to strew the flowers of poetry round the borders of the Unitarian controversy,” in another light Hazlitt's seemingly withering conclusion could not be more misleading. The Romantic Imagination itself, as articulated by the still Unitarian Samuel Taylor Coleridge as early as 1802, long before the Biographia Literaria, evolved from an opposition between the “poor stuff” of Greek pantheism – “All natural objects were dead … but there was a Godkin or Goddesling included in each” – and the “Imagination, or the modifying, and co-adunating Faculty” of the Hebrew poets, for whom “each Thing has a life of it's [sic] own, & yet they are all one Life” (CL, ii, pp. 865–66). If the vast expanse of sermons, pamphlets, tracts, and periodical polemics produced by Hazlitt's “controversial cabal” of Dissenters may in retrospect have appeared a desert in contrast to the blooming, more secular fields of “taste and genius,” it is equally clear that nonconformist identities, beliefs, and debates energized and molded much of the cultural achievement that we now associate with the early Romantic movement.
Photon pathlength distribution from polarized backscattering in random media (1996)

Linearly polarized light backscattered from weakly scattering slabs in the cross-polarized channel manifests a symmetrical pattern. The origin and the properties of the pattern are explained and how ii can be used to extract the average pathlength of the photons in the medium is shown. It is also shown that the concentration of scatterers rather than the optical depth of the sample determines the properties of the cross-polarized backscattered light. (C) 1996 society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Projection data registration for gated cardiac SPECT reconstruction (2003)

In a gated SPECT study, it is sometimes necessary to reconstruct an image for each time-frame. Because of cardiac beating and respiratory motion, the images from different timeframes are different. Each time-frame is very short. Due to the fact that the gamma photons acquired during each time-frame are limited, the reconstructed "low-count" images for each timeframe are very noisy. If we sum the projection data from all projections, the associated "high-count" reconstruction is less noisy, but we can only get one stationary image instead of a series of dynamic images. The objective of this paper is to wisely sum the projection data front the entire gated SPECT scan. Different summation strategy is used for different projection views and for different time-frames. As a result, a "high-count" projection data set is estimated for each time-frame and a series or "high count" dynamic images can be reconstructed.
Bridging the Information Gap in Storage Protocol Stacks (2002)

The functionality and performance innovations in file systems and storage systems have proceeded largely independently from each other over the past years. The result is an information gap: neither has information about how the other is designed or implemented, which can result in a high cost of maintenance, poor performance, duplication of features, and limitations on functionality. To bridge this gap, we introduce and evaluate a new division of labor between the storage system and the file system. We develop an enhanced storage layer known as Exposed RAID (ERAID), which reveals information to file systems built above; specifically, ERAID exports the parallelism and failure-isolation boundaries of the storage layer, and tracks performance and failure characteristics on a fine-grained basis. To take advantage of the information made available by ERAID, we develop an Informed Log-Structured File System (ILFS). ILFS is an extension of the standard logstructured file system (LFS) that has been altered to take advantage of the performance and failure information exposed by ERAID. Experiments reveal that our prototype implementation yields benefits in the management, flexibility, reliability, and performance of the storage system, with only a small increase in file system complexity. For example, ILFS/ERAID can incorporate new disks into the system on-the-fly, dynamically balance workloads across the disks of the system, allow for user control of file replication, and delay replication of files for increased performance. Much of this functionality would be difficult or impossible to implement with the traditional division of labor between file systems and storage.
Synthesis of Near-Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes (2022)

Carbocyanine dyes are organic compounds containing chains of conjugated methine groups with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents at the terminal heterocycles of the general formula [R1-(CH)n-R2]+X-. The synthetic methodology and optical properties of carbocyanines will be discussed. This thesis consists of two parts: (A) synthesis and optical properties of novel carbocyanine dyes substituted with various amines and the synthesis of unsymmetrical carbocyanine dyes containing monofunctional groups for bioconjugation. (B) synthesis of heptamethine carbocyanine dyes to be used for image-guided surgery. In part A, the synthesis of carbocyanine dyes functionalized with various amines and studies of their optical properties with respect to absorbance, fluorescence, quantum yield and extinction coefficient will be presented. These property studies will aid in designing efficient dyes for future biomedical applications. Part A will also include a one pot synthesis of unsymmetrical carbocyanine dyes functionalized with mono carboxylic acid chains, useful for biomolecule (i.e. proteins, amino acids, etc.) conjugation. Part B will describe the synthesis of novel carbocyanine dyes to be used for cancer image-guided surgery. Cancers are thus far incurable diseases, i.e. there are no drugs currently available to cure cancer; however, by designing a dye to visualize tumor cells will greatly increase the efficiency of cancer removal and hopefully increase the survival rate of cancer patients. The dyes reported in this thesis are superior to commercially available dyes used to visualize and identify various tumors invisible to the naked eye of surgeons with regards to biodistribution and clearance through kidney filtration.
Hybrid Code Networks: practical and efficient end-to-end dialog control with supervised and reinforcement learning (2017)

End-to-end learning of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is an attractive solution for dialog systems; however, current techniques are data-intensive and require thousands of dialogs to learn simple behaviors.
Novel application of spintronics in computing, sensing, storage and cybersecurity (2018)

With conventional Von Neumann computing struggling to match the energy-efficiency of biological systems, there is pressing need to explore alternative computing models. CMOS switches, although universal, fails to offer additional features to meet this end goal Recent experimental studies have revealed that spintronics possess many promising features that can not only enable non Von Neumann compute models but also high-density storage, sensing of environmental parameters and protection from cybersecurity threats. This paper provides an in-depth study of spintronics and its relation to these novel aspects from device, circuit and system standpoint.
New atomic force microscope method for critical dimension metrology (2003)

We have developed a new atomic force microscope method that we call Step-in mode. The Step-in mode can realize a high aspect ratio structure observation without tip damage becasue of its unique probing method. Three types of high aspect ratio probe, a silicon probe sharpened by focused ion beam, a high density carbon probe and a carbon nanotube probe, are analyzed to make clear which probe is appropriate for high aspect ratio structure metrology. It is demonstrated that fine measurement can be carried out with all types of probes and we conclude that the high density carbon probe is the best at the present time. Experimental results show that the pitch repeatability for a standard grating sample is 1.2 nm at 3σ, height repeatability is 1.2nm at 3σ and width repeatability of a poly-silicon gate with side-wall is less than 3 nm at 3σ. It is also demonstrated that there is no tip damage after taking 1000 profiles of 512 data points in the Step-in mode. The experimental results show that the Step-in mode. The experimental results show that the Step-in mode has a potential for application to critical dimension metrology for a LSI process monitor.
Block-Level Security for Network-Attached Disks (2018)

We propose a practical and efficient method for adding security to network-attached disks (NADs). In contrast to previous work, our design requires no changes to the data layout on disk, minimal changes to existing NADs, and only small changes to the standard protocol for accessing remote block-based devices. Thus, existing NAD file systems and storage-management software could incorporate our scheme very easily. Our design enforces security using the well-known idea of self-describing capabilities, with two novel features that limit the need for memory on secure NADs: a scheme to manage revocations based on capability groups, and a replay-detection method using Bloom filters. We have implemented a prototype NAD file system, called Snapdragon, that incorporates our ideas. We evaluated Snapdragon's performance and scalability. The overhead of access control is small: latency for reads and writes increases by less than 0.5 ms (5%), while bandwidth decreases by up to 16%. The aggregate throughput scales linearly with the number of NADs (up to 7 in our experiments).
“Suction Tube Uterine Tamponade” for treatment of refractory postpartum hemorrhage: Internal feasibility and acceptability pilot of a randomized clinical trial (2021)

STUT is feasible and acceptable, justifying continuation of our trial. These data will also inform a large World Health Organization trial to test effectiveness of uterine tamponade methods. The numbers are too small to support any clinical recommendation.
Calculation and comparison of the backscattering factor R for characteristic x‐ray emission (1988)

Abstract The backscattering factor R for characteristic radiation, which is a part of the atomic number correction commonly used in electron probe microanalysis, is calculated keeping mathematical simplifications at a minimum. The results are compared with the values calculated by means of three other often used expressions for the backscattering factor. It is shown that our results generally are similar to the ones of Duncumb and Reed and of Pouchou and Pichoir, but differ significantly from the ones of Love et al. , whose expression seems not to be applicable if the overvoltage is higher than ∼50.
A 65 nm SoC Embedded 6T-SRAM Design for Manufacturing with Read and Write Cell Stabilizing Circuits (2006)

We propose a new design scheme to improve the SRAM read and write operation margins in the presence of a large Vth variability. By applying this scheme to a 0.494 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SRAM cell with a beta ratio of 1, which is an aggressively small cell size, we can achieve a high-yield 8M-SRAM for a wide range of Vth value using a 65 nm LSTP CMOS technology
An object-oriented software architecture for 3D mixed reality applications (2003)

This paper presents a new software architecture for 3D mixed reality applications, named Tinmith-evo5. Currently there are a limited number of existing toolkits for the development of 3D mixed reality applications, each optimized for particular feature but at the detriment of others. Complex interactive user interfaces and applications require extensive supporting infrastructure, and can be hampered by inadequate support. The Tinmith-evo5 architecture is optimised to develop mobile augmented reality and other interactive 3D applications on portable platforms with limited resources. This architecture is implemented in C++ with an object-oriented data flow design, an object store based on the Unix file system model, and uses other ideas from existing previous work.
Correlating financial time series with micro-blogging activity (2012)

We study the problem of correlating micro-blogging activity with stock-market events, defined as changes in the price and traded volume of stocks. Specifically, we collect messages related to a number of companies, and we search for correlations between stock-market events for those companies and features extracted from the micro-blogging messages. The features we extract can be categorized in two groups. Features in the first group measure the overall activity in the micro-blogging platform, such as number of posts, number of re-posts, and so on. Features in the second group measure properties of an induced interaction graph, for instance, the number of connected components, statistics on the degree distribution, and other graph-based properties.
Efficient algorithms for optimal alternate routing in communication networks (2002)

Three new efficient distributed and centralized algorithms are presented for precomputing shortest alternate paths in a communication network. Such alternate paths can be used in case one or more links or nodes fail on the primary path between any two nodes. The first algorithm solves the problem of alternate routing around node failures when routing from a fixed source to all destinations. The second algorithm deals with alternate routing around link failures when routing from all sources to a fixed destination. The third algorithm solves the problem of alternate routing around node and/or link failures when routing from all sources to all destinations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of New Water-Soluble Self-Doped Polyaniline (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of New Water-Soluble Self-Doped PolyanilineHsien-Kuang Lin and Show-An ChenView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, ROC Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 22, 8117–8118Publication Date (Web):October 12, 2000Publication History Received14 April 2000Revised7 September 2000Published online12 October 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma000660ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma000660orapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1276Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Plastics,Polymer solutions,Polymers,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Characterization of cellulase-free xylanases from the newly isolated <i>Bacillus</i> sp. strain BP-23 (1993)

A Bacillus strain with xylanase activity has been isolated. Maximum xylanase production was obtained when the strain was cultured in media supplemented with birchwood xylan or rice straw; production was repressed by glucose and xylose. The optimal temperature and pH for xylanase activity were 45–50 °C and 5.5–7.5, respectively. Crude xylanase was highly stable at a wide range of pH values, retaining 100% of the activity after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C in buffer at pH 10.0. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and zymogram techniques showed four xylanase activity bands with apparent molecular masses of 32, 48, 61, and 66 kDa. The most active of them (molecular mass 32 kDa) apparently corresponded to a xylanase with an isoelectric point (pI) of 9.3 in isoelectrofocusing gels developed as zymograms. Four other bands with xylanase activity were detected at pIs of 7.7, 5.6, 5.0, and 4.5. Analysis for carboxymethylcellulase activity revealed that only the band of 48 kDa and the band with a pI of 7.7 showed hydrolytic activity against the cellulosic substrate.Key words: Bacillus sp., xylanase, isolation.
An efficient method for the removal of impulse noise from speech and audio signals (2002)

A computationally efficient algorithm is proposed to remove noise impulses from speech and audio signals while retaining its features and tonal quality. The proposed method is based on the SD-ROM (Signal Dependent Rank Order Mean) algorithm. This technique has successfully been used to remove impulse noise from images. It has the advantage of being relatively fast, simple and robust. The algorithm estimates the likelihood the sample under inspection is corrupt relative to the neighboring samples and replaces a sample detected as corrupted by a value based on the neighboring samples. This algorithm also has the advantage of being 'configurable' to the type of noise impulses in the sample, as the thresholds used to detect noise impulses can be varied to suit the signal.