gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvements in multislice parallel imaging using radial CAIPIRINHA (2011)

Multislice parallel imaging involves the simultaneous sampling of multiple parallel slices which are subsequently separated using parallel imaging reconstruction. The CAIPIRINHA technique improves this reconstruction by manipulating the phase of the RF excitation pulses to shift the aliasing pattern such that there is less aliasing energy to be reconstructed. In this work, it is shown that combining the phase manipulation used in CAIPIRINHA with a non-Cartesian (radial) sampling scheme further decreases the aliasing energy for the parallel imaging algorithm to reconstruct, thereby further increasing the degree to which a multi-channel receiver array can be utilized for parallel imaging acceleration. In radial CAIPIRINHA, individual bands (slices) in a multislice excitation are modulated with view-dependent phase, causing a destructive interference of entire slices. This destructive interference leads to a reduction in aliasing compared to the coherent shifts one observes when using this same technique with a Cartesian trajectory. Recovery of each individual slice is possible because the applied phase pattern is known, and a conjugate-gradient reconstruction algorithm minimizes the contributions from other slices. Results are presented with a standard 12-channel head coil with acceleration factors up to 14, where radial CAIPIRINHA produces an improved reconstruction when compared with Cartesian CAIPIRINHA.
Cytoarchitecture and Probabilistic Maps of the Human Posterior Insular Cortex (2009)

The human posterior insula was shown to respond to a wide variety of stimulation paradigms (e.g. pain, somatosensory, or auditory processing) in functional imaging experiments. Although various anatomical maps of this region have been published over the last century, these schemes show variable results. Moreover, none can directly be integrated with functional imaging data. Hence, our current knowledge about the structure-function relationships in this region remains limited. We therefore remapped the posterior part of the human insular cortex in 10 postmortem brains using an observer-independent approach. This analysis revealed the existence of 3 cytoarchitectonically distinct areas in the posterior insula. The examined brains were then 3D reconstructed and spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute single-subject template. Probabilistic maps for each area were calculated by superimposing the individual delineations, and a cytoarchitectonic summary map was computed to chart the regional architectonic organization. These maps can be used to identify the anatomical correlates of functional activations observed in neuroimaging studies and to understand the microstructural correlates of the functional segregation of the human posterior insula.
AM/PM distortion in GaN Doherty power amplifiers (2014)

The carrier power amplifier (PA) of a Doherty architecture is designed with a load that maximizes efficiency for a particular load-pull ratio. With the increase of the input drive, the peaking PA provides the necessary current to reduce the carrier PA load impedance. From this point on, the carrier PA operates at a constant output voltage, suffering a severe voltage gain compression at its terminals. Since the input Miller reflected C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> depends on this gain, the device's total input capacitance changes substantially with drive level, inducing a significant input phase shift. Hence, in this paper we address the impact of this capacitance variation on the AM/PM distortion characteristic of a GaN HEMT based Doherty PA.
Scalable Non-Blocking Networks with Fixed Size Routers. (1997)

Anxiety disorder is a universal disease related to neuro-inflammation. Solanesol has shown positive effects because of its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-ulcer properties. This study focused on determining whether solanesol could ameliorate anxiety-like behaviors in a mouse model of neuro-inflammation and identify its working targets. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mice that were intra-peritoneally administered with solanesol (50 mg/kg) for 1 week showed a statistically significant reduction in anxiety-like behaviors, as measured by open field and elevated plus-maze tests. Western blot analysis revealed that CFA-induced upregulation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which played crucial roles in regulating anxiety, returned to normal in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) after solanesol treatment. The level of T cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1), a key component of stress granules, also decreased in the ACC. Moreover, immunofluorescence results indicated that solanesol suppressed CFA-induced microglial and astrocytic activation in the ACC. CFA was injected in the hind paws of TIA1<sup>Nestin</sup> conditional knockout (cKO) mice to confirm whether TIA1 is a potential modulatory molecule that influences pro-inflammatory cytokines and anxiety-like behaviors. Anxiety-like behaviors could not be observed in cKO mice after CFA injection with IL-1β and TNF-α levels not remarkedly increasing. Our findings suggest that solanesol inhibits neuro-inflammation by decreasing the TIA1 level to reduce IL-1β and TNF-α expression, meanwhile inhibiting microglial and astrocytic activation in the ACC and ultimately ameliorating anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
Graphene reconfigurable coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed circular slot antenna (2015)

We report the initial study of the reconfigurable antenna composed of graphene, in which a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed circular slot antenna is presented. The simple circular antenna made of copper is connected with the graphene slot by a short circuiting stub, where the graphene slot can be tuned by DC voltage bias. When the graphene acts the metallic conductor or the lossy dielectric with different DC bias setting, the effective length of the proposed antenna is changed, as well as the resonant frequency. The attractive properties of the proposed antenna can find its applications for future graphene multi Terabit wireless data transmission and transparent all-graphene sensing systems.
Risk Factors for Pancreatitis Following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Meta-Analysis (2003)

This meta-analysis provides a clear basis for planning pharmacological studies or studies of new endoscopic techniques in patients at high risk of developing post-ERCP pancreatitis. Knowing which patients are most at risk may also make it easier to decide who should be considered unsuitable for same-day discharge.
Procedures for Circuit-Switched Service in Synchronous Public Data Networks (1980)

X.21 specifies a simple character-oriented procedure used to establish a transparent connection through a synchronous Public Data Network. The architecture of call establishment for X.21 is the same as that for call (virtual) establishment of X.25; in this regard, their functionality is nearly identical. This paper describes the background that went into the development of the Recommendation, discusses the architectural relationships, and presents the details of the X.21 circuit-switching protocol.
Fracto-mechanoluminescent light emission of EuD<sub>4</sub>TEA-PDMS composites subjected to high strain-rate compressive loading (2017)

The objective of this study is to understand light emission characteristics of fracto-mechanoluminescent (FML) europium tetrakis(dibenzoylmethide)-triethylammonium (EuD4TEA) crystals under high strain-rate compressive loading. As a sensing material that can play a pivotal role for the self-powered impact sensor technology, it is important to understand transformative light emission characteristics of the FML EuD4TEA crystals under high strain-rate compressive loading. First, EuD4TEA crystals were synthesized and embedded into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer to fabricate EuD4TEA-PDMS composite test specimens. Second, the prepared EuD4TEA-PDMS composites were tested using the modified Kolsky bar setup equipped with a high-speed camera. Third, FML light emission was captured to yield 12 bit grayscale video footage, which was processed to quantify the FML light emission. Finally, quantitative parameters were generated by taking into account pixel values and population of pixels of the 12 bit grayscale images to represent FML light intensity. The FML light intensity was correlated with high strain-rate compressive strain and strain rate to understand the FML light emission characteristics under high strain-rate compressive loading that can result from impact occurrences.
Proximity Connection in Two-Dimensional Signal Transmission (2006)

This paper presents a new structure of two-dimensional signal transmission (2DST). In a 2DST system, communication nodes communicate with each other by using electromagnetic wave localized in a thin sheet (a 2DST sheet). It's also possible to supply energy to the nodes using electromagnetic wave. In this paper, we propose a basic technology of a sensor network in which sensor nodes obtain an efficient proximity connection to any positions on the 2DST sheet without electrical contacts. The sheet is composed of a conductive mesh layer, a dielectric layer, and a continuous conductive layer. The sensor nodes communicate by the evanescent waves produced around the mesh layer. We fabricated a prototype of the 2DST system. Experiments showed that communication bandwidth is at least 500 MHz. Besides, about 10 % of input energy can be transmitted through a 180-mm-by-180-mm 2DST sheet with a proximity connector
DNNF-based belief state estimation (2006)

As embedded systems grow increasingly complex, there is a pressing need for diagnosing and monitoring capabilities that estimate the system state robustly. This paper is based on approaches that address the problem of robustness by rea-soning over declarative models of the physical plant, repre-sented as a variant of factored Hidden Markov Models, called Probabilistic Concurrent Constraint Automata. Prior work on Mode Estimation of PCCAs is based on a Best-First Trajec-tory Enumeration (BFTE) algorithm. Two algorithms have since made improvements to the BFTE algorithm: 1) the Best-First Belief State Update (BFBSU) algorithm has im-proved the accuracy of BFTE and 2) the MEXEC algorithm has introduced a polynomial-time bounded algorithm using a smooth deterministic decomposable negation normal form (sd-DNNF) representation. This paper introduces a new DNNF-based Belief State Esti-mation (DBSE) algorithm that merges the polynomial time bound of the MEXEC algorithm with the accuracy of the BF-BSU algorithm. This paper also presents an encoding of a PCCA as a CNF with probabilistic data, suitable for compi-lation into an sd-DNNF-based representation. The sd-DNNF representation supports computing k belief states from k pre-vious belief states in the DBSE algorithm.
C<scp>CB</scp>uilder 2.0: Powerful and accessible coiled‐coil modeling (2017)

We have created CCBuilder 2.0, an easy to use web-based application that can model structures for a whole class of proteins, the α-helical coiled coil, which is estimated to account for 3-5% of all proteins in nature. CCBuilder 2.0 will be of use to a large number of protein scientists engaged in fundamental studies, such as protein structure determination, through to more-applied research including designing and engineering novel proteins that have potential applications in biotechnology.
<i>AFMP2</i> Encodes a Novel Immunogenic Protein of the Antigenic Mannoprotein Superfamily in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2004)

We cloned the Aspergillus fumigatus mannoprotein 2 (AFMP2) gene, which encodes a novel immunogenic protein (Afmp2p) of the antigenic mannoprotein superfamily, in A. fumigatus. Sequence analysis revealed that Afmp2p has 510 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular mass of 51.5 kDa. Afmp2p has a putative N-terminal signal peptide, a putative C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane attachment signal sequence, and an upstream GAA cleavage site commonly used for cytoplasmic membrane attachment and implicated in fungal cell wall assembly. Upstream of the GAA cleavage site, Afmp2p contains a 302-amino-acid serine- and threonine-rich region as a site for potential O-glycosylation. Within this serine- and threonine-rich region, 13 repeats of ETSTPCE(T)(n) were observed. Western blot analysis of Afmp2p in A. fumigatus fungal cell lysate and culture supernatant and immunogold staining and electron microscopy showed that Afmp2p is predominantly secreted into the culture supernatant, whereas only minimal amounts can be detected in the cell lysate and cell wall. Finally, it was observed that patients with aspergilloma and invasive aspergillosis due to A. fumigatus develop a specific antibody response against recombinant Afmp2p. The abundance of Afmp2p in secreted form, its minimal cross-reactivity with Afmp1p, and the presence of an antibody response against Afmp2p in patients with A. fumigatus infections suggest that Afmp2p is a good candidate for complementing Afmp1p in serodiagnosis of A. fumigatus infections.
Purification and Immunohistochemical Localization of Relaxin in the Human Term Placenta* (1981)

Relaxin was purified from human term placentas. A fraction having a molecular weight of approximately 6000 and a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg was eluted from a Bio-Gel P-30 column. This fraction inhibited uterine contractions and produced a linear response to log doses of relaxin in the mouse interpubic ligament bioassay. Electrofocusing of the active Bio-Gel P-30 fraction separated a protein peak with a biological activity of 45 U/mg protein and an isoelectric point of pH 11.4. The electrofocused human relaxin fraction showed cross-reactivity with antiserum produced against highly purified porcine relaxin and formed a single precipitin line with no spurring when compared to purified porcine relaxin in double immunodiffusion assays. Human relaxin was inactivated by the reducing agent dithiothreitol, indicating that disulfide bonds are essential to the biological activity of human placental relaxin. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that relaxin was located in cells of the basal plate and septae of the placenta.
[Design of Real-time Disease Warning System Based on Storm Technology]. (2018)

With the improvement of the quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment, the traditional scheduled "ward round" mode cannot meet the demands for real-time monitoring of acute and critically ill patients. This paper introduces the Storm, a real-time data stream processing technology and its application in the real time disease early warning system. By collecting the clinical data flow and calculating the MEWS scores in real time, the system can identify the potential deterioration of the disease, and promptly notify the medical staff. Score calculation results can be stored for further analysis and presentation as well.
Two-dimensional flexural ultrasonic phased array for flow measurement (2017)

The arrival time detection probability and the measurement range of transit-time ultrasonic flow meters are undermined by the sound drift effect. One solution to this problem is utilizing a phased-array beam steering technique to compensate the bend of the ultrasonic beams. The design, the fabrication and the characterization of two-dimensional flexural ultrasonic phased arrays is investigated in this paper. A meter body with an inner diameter of 146 mmis machined to accommodate the arrays, and flow tests are carried out at different flow rates ranging from 0 to 2500 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /h. Experimental results indicate that, with the increase of flow rate, the optimum steering angle of arrays increases from 30° to 40.5° when ultrasonic beams travel upstream and decreases from 30° to 22.5° when ultrasonic beams travel downstream. This proof-of-concept design demonstrates the potential of the flexural ultrasonic phased array as an accurate, economic, efficient, and robust solution for gas flow measurement.
An intelligent network service prototype using knowledge processing (2002)

An intelligent electronic secretary service is described which was developed as an example of providing communication services using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. It processes incoming calls in much the same way as a human secretary. (1) It automatically modifies or supplements incorrect or missing user instructions in dealing with incoming calls. (2) It automatically extends its knowledge base for individual users using a learning function. Its knowledge bases include the following: knowledge about users to infer the user's status; knowledge about services to infer the effect of asking for a particular service; and knowledge about services used to infer whether the service asked for is suited to the user's status. The learning function is based on the process of induction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging: I: Sequential Systems (2016)

This paper gives a review of the most important methods for blood velocity vector flow imaging (VFI) for conventional sequential data acquisition. This includes multibeam methods, speckle tracking, transverse oscillation, color flow mapping derived VFI, directional beamforming, and variants of these. The review covers both 2-D and 3-D velocity estimation and gives a historical perspective on the development along with a summary of various vector flow visualization algorithms. The current state of the art is explained along with an overview of clinical studies conducted and methods for presenting and using VFI. A number of examples of VFI images are presented, and the current limitations and potential solutions are discussed.
Using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Imagery To Model Radio Wave Propagation (2003)

The purpose of this study was to determine if light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imagery could provide a significantly more accurate data set for modeling near line-of-sight (LOS) propagation at higher frequencies, specifically 27.810 GHz. than a USGS digital elevation model (DEM). In addition, the study tested for significant differences in LiDAR elevation data created at various resolutions ranging from 1 to 100 meters. Finally, this study examined the effects of various classification thresholds for transforming continuous signal strength measurements into LOS or non-LOS (NLOS) classifications used in determining prediction accuracy. The capability to transmit information via higher frequency wireless equipment requires a near LOS path between the transmitter and the antenna receiving the signal. USGS DEMs, commonly used in GIS programs to predict communication viewsheds (commsheds), represent the bare earth topography and do not reflect surface features such as vegetation and buildings. In actuality these surface features can significantly influence near LOS paths and therefore a data set that contains these features can greatly improve the ability to predict commshed areas. LiDAR is a form of active imagery that records both the bare-earth as well as these surface features, at a high resolution, making it well suited for wireless modeling applications. Results indicate that signal strength threshold classification has a direct influence on the accuracy of predicted commsheds across all resolutions. Secondly, LiDAR resolutions lower than 40m as well as bare-earth DEMs were unsuccessful in predicting an accurate commshed while LiDAR resolutions coarser than 15m provided significant predictions of equal accuracy. These results indicate that high resolution LiDAR is needed to accurately model commsheds but signal strength threshold classification determines which of these higher resolutions are significant.
A home-use digital VCR with high density modulation method (1992)

A 8-12 channel coding (modulation) method suitable for high-density recording for a home-use digital video cassette recorder (VCR) was developed. An areal recording density of 2.3 mu m/sup 2//b can be achieved by this 8-12 modulation method. A signal-to-noise ratio of 24.2 dB and a symbol error rate of about 1*10/sup -4/ were obtained experimentally on the tape-head simulator for current metal evaporated tape.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of peptide enzymes (pepzymes): surface-simulation synthetic peptides that mimic the chymotrypsin and trypsin active sites exhibit the activity and specificity of the respective enzyme. (1993)

Two 29-residue peptides were prepared, one of which (ChPepz) was designed by surface-simulation synthesis to mimic the active site of alpha-chymotrypsin, and the other (TrPepz), which contained four substitutions relative to ChPepz, was fashioned after the active site of trypsin. Each peptide was cyclized by a disulfide bond. The ChPepz monomer effected hydrolysis of the ester group in N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester, an alpha-chymotrypsin substrate, with Km and kcat values that were comparable to those of alpha-chymotrypsin. ChPepz was completely inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DIFP), L-1-p-tosylamino-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), or reduction of the disulfide bond. It had no catalytic activity on N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester, a trypsin substrate. On the other hand, TrPepz, which had no effect on N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester, hydrolyzed N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester with a Km value that was essentially identical to that of trypsin, but its kcat value was almost half that of trypsin. TrPepz was fully inactivated by reduction of the disulfide bond, by DIFP, or by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but not by TPCK. It was also completely inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, and human alpha 1-antitrypsin. ChPepz and TrPepz hydrolyzed proteins (myoglobin and casein) to give panels of peptides that were similar to those of the same protein obtained with the respective enzyme. However, TrPepz was more efficient than trypsin at hydrolyzing the C bonds of two or more consecutive lysine and/or arginine residues. Like its esterase activity, the proteolytic activity of ChPepz was inhibited by either DIFP or TPCK whereas that of TrPepz was inhibited by either DIFP or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but not by TPCK. Finally, ChPepz and TrPepz were each more active at low temperature than the respective enzyme. This ability to construct fully functional peptide enzymes (pepzymes) of chosen specificities should find many practical applications.
CD46‐induced human Treg enhance B‐cell responses (2009)

Regulatory CD4(+) T cells (Treg) are important modulators of the immune response. Different types of Treg have been identified based on whether they are thymically derived (natural Treg) or induced in the periphery (adaptive Treg). We recently reported on an adaptive Treg phenotype that can be induced by the concomitant stimulation of human CD4(+) T cells through CD3 and the membrane complement regulator CD46. These complement (CD46)-induced regulatory T cells (cTreg) potently inhibit bystander T-cell proliferation through high-level secretion of IL-10. In addition, cTreg express granzyme B and exhibit cytotoxic effects toward activated effector T cells. Here, we analyzed the effect of cTreg on B-cell functions in a co-culture system. We found that cTreg enhance B-cell Ab production. This B-cell support is dependent on cell/cell contact as well as cTreg-derived IL-10. In addition, we show that T cells from a CD46-deficient patient are not capable of promoting B-cell responses, whereas CD46-deficient B cells have no intrinsic defect in Ig production. This finding may relate to a subset of CD46-deficient patients, who present with common variable immunodeficiency. Thus, the lack of cTreg function in optimizing B-cell responses could explain why some CD46-deficient patients develop common variable immunodeficiency.