gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Multi-Input Multiplier over Finite Fields. (2012)

Multiplication of three elements over finite fields is used extensively in multivariate public key cryptography and solving system of linear equations over finite fields. This contribution shows the enhancements of multiplication of three elements over finite fields by using specific architecture. We firstly propose a versatile multi-input multiplier over finite fields. The parameters of this multiplier can be changed according to the requirement of the users which makes it reusable in different applications. Our evaluation of this multiplier gives optimum choices for multiplication of three elements over finite fields. Implemented results show that we takes 22.062 ns and 16.354 ns to execute each multiplication of three elements over GF ((24)2) based on table look-up and polynomial basis on a FPGA respectively. Experimental results and mathematical proofs clearly demonstrate the improvement of the proposed versatile multiplier over finite fields.
Development of an Environmental and Ship Motion Forecasting System (2015)

Military sea basing operations include mooring ships together offshore and transferring cargo and equipment between them. A newly developed Environmental and Ship Motion Forecasting (ESMF) System will facilitate these operations by providing predictions of ship motions in waves. Coherent forecasts of the ship motions are provided through remote sensing of the ambient waves and using these waves as input to a predictive ship motion simulation. Key technologies developed in support of the ESMF system include: a custom-built wave sensing radar; a least squares inverse wave retrieval algorithm; a ship motion model for performing rapid seakeeping simulations; and a robust peer-to-peer system architecture. The ESMF system was tested extensively in a demonstration aboard the R/V Melville with very good results, often achieving correlations of forecast-to-realized signals of better than 80% over 30 minute intervals.
Translucent Polycrystalline Alumina with Improved Resistance to Sodium Attack (2001)

Reaction of sodium with polycrystalline alumina (PCA) arc tubes in high‐pressure sodium lamps can limit lamp performance. The rate of degradation depends on the grain‐boundary diffusion of a reaction product, aluminum, through the PCA wall. The effects of sintering aids and other dopants on the sodium resistance of PCA are investigated via accelerated lamp tests and microstructural analyses. Key material parameters for sodium resistance are the spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) second phase and the grain‐boundary MgO level. Eliminating spinel in the sintered body, doping with tetravalent cations to charge‐compensate the Mg 2+ solutes, and creating a second phase to absorb MgO in situ , significantly improve the resistance of PCA to sodium attack.
<title>Development of peripheral materials for color graphic arts holograms</title> (2000)

Dai Nippon Printing is the first company in the world to succeed in the mass production of full-color 3D Lippmann type holograms, which are marketed under the name of TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP>. TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP> labels consist of a panchromatic photopolymer material and pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). This new medium is expected to have wide application in various fields, such as publishing, labels for authentication, and so on. For commercial use, TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP> labels require high-quality PSAs. In this study, two new PSAs and a new layer structure were developed. One PSA provides TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP> labels with good environmental stability, and the other adjusts the playback wavelengths. These two PSAs together with a new layer structure have enabled the development of a new type of TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP> label for security applications.
Catadioptric self-calibration (2002)

We have assembled a standalone, movable system that can capture long sequences of omnidirectional images (up to 1,500 images at 6.7 Hz and a resolution of 1140/spl times/090). The goal of this system is to reconstruct complex large environments, such as an entire floor of a building, from the captured images only. In this paper, we address the important issue of how to calibrate such a system. Our method uses images of the environment to calibrate the camera, without the use of any special calibration pattern, knowledge of camera motion, or knowledge of scene geometry. It uses the consistency of pairwise tracked point features across a sequence based on the characteristics of catadioptric imaging. We also show how the projection equation for this catadioptric camera can be formulated to be equivalent to that of a typical rectilinear perspective camera with just a simple transformation.
MOFs with Open Metal(III) Sites for the Environmental Capture of Polar Volatile Organic Compounds (2022)

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites (OMS) interact strongly with a range of polar gases/vapors. However, under ambient conditions, their selective adsorption is generally impaired due to a high OMS affinity to water. This led previously to the privilege selection of hydrophobic MOFs for the selective capture/detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Herein, we show that this paradigm is challenged by metal(III) polycarboxylates MOFs, bearing a high concentration of OMS, as MIL-100(Fe), enabling the selective capture of polar VOCs even in the presence of water. With experimental and computational tools, including single-component gravimetric and dynamic mixture adsorption measurements, in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory calculations we reveal that this adsorption mechanism involves a direct coordination of the VOC on the OMS, associated with an interaction energy that exceeds that of water. Hence, MOFs with OMS are demonstrated to be of interest for air purification purposes.
A Southern Blot Assay for Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA from Cell Cultures (2013)

Chronic hepatitis B remains a substantial public health burden affecting approximately 350 million people worldwide, causing cirrhosis and liver cancer, and about 1 million people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications. Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. As an essential component of the viral life cycle, HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is synthesized and maintained at low copy numbers in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes, and serves as the transcription template for all viral RNAs. Therefore, cccDNA is responsible for the establishment of viral infection and persistence. The presence and longevity of cccDNA may also explain the limitations of current antiviral therapy for hepatitis B. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying cccDNA formation and regulation is critical in understanding the HBV pathogenesis and finding a cure for hepatitis B. Here we describe a protocol for HBV cccDNA extraction and detection in detail. The procedure includes two major steps: (1) HBV cccDNA extraction by Hirt protein-free DNA extraction method and (2) HBV cccDNA detection by Southern blot analysis. The method is straightforward and reliable for cccDNA assay with cell culture samples, and it is useful for both HBV molecular biology and antiviral research.
<i>Denovo</i> Identification of Cross-linked Peptides via Isotope Coded Linkage Tags (2020)

ABSTRACT An isotope labeled cross-linker (asymmetric d4-DTSSP) was developed to streamline the efforts required for the detection of cross-linked peptides. The cross-linking and mass spectrometry strategy we call Isotope Tagging of Interacting Proteins (iTIP) has improved the specificity of detecting cross-linked peptides and the accurate identification of the interacting peptide sequences via the incorporation of isotopic signatures that are readily observed in the MS/MS spectra. All tryptic peptides derived from the cross-linking reactions of a protein complex are first subjected to ETD-MS 2 which results in the facile cleavage of the cross-linker at the disulfide bond and the release of inter-linked polypeptide chains that are detected as a pair of peaks (doublets) in the MS 2 spectrum. The constituent peptide halves that are tagged by the heavy/light ends of the cross-linker are easily mass-selected from all other fragment ions, and each polypeptide half is then subjected to CID or HCD-MS 3 for identification. The MS 3 spectra are subjected to conventional database search strategies available for the sequencing of linear or non-cross-linked peptides. The confident identification of each polypeptide is further assisted by the presence of a stable isotope labeled fragment ions that localizes the cross-linked site on the polypeptide sequence.
The asymmetrical field-controlled thyristor (1980)

A new device structure has been developed for field-controlled thyristors. In this structure, the uniformly doped n base of the conventional device has been replaced with a very lightly doped region near the gate and a more heavily doped region at the anode. This change in the base doping profile results in a significant improvement in the tradeoff between the forward-blocking voltage capability and the on-state forward-voltage drop. In addition, the high-resistivity region around the gate area allows the device to pinch off anode current flow at zero gate bias due to the built-in potential of the gate junction. The devices can, however, be triggered to the on-state by applying a small forward gate voltage and exhibit a forward voltage drop in the on-state which is much lower than that of conventional devices. The high resistivity of the channel area between gates also results in these devices having dc blocking gains in excess of 60, which is the highest value achieved in devices of this type. Further, because these devices have been fabricated using conventional planar processing techniques, this structure is suitable for high-volume production with high processing yields.
Comparison of (001), (110) and (111) uniaxial- and biaxial- strained-Ge and strained-Si PMOS DGFETs for all channel orientations: Mobility enhancement, drive current, delay and off-state leakage (2008)

Using the Non-local Empirical Pseudopotential method (bandstructure), Full-Band Monte-Carlo Simulations (transport), self-consistent Poisson-Schrodinger (electrostatics) and detailed Band-To-Band-Tunneling (BTBT) (including bandstructure and quantum effects) simulations, the effect of surface/channel orientation, uniaxial- and biaxial-strain, band-structure, mobility, and high-field transport on the drive current, off-state leakage and switching delay in nano-scale, strained-Si and strained-Ge, p-MOS DGFETs have been presented and the optimum strain and channel/surface orientations for highest drive-lowest delay-lowest leakage have been obtained.
Recombinant Τ Cell Receptor Ligands: Immunomodulatory, Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Effects Suggest Application as Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis (2008)

Recombinant T cell receptor (TCR) ligands (RTL) represent the minimal interactive surface with antigen-specific T cell receptors. These novel constructs fold similarly to native four-domain MHC/peptide complexes but deliver suboptimal and qualitatively different signals that cause a 'cytokine switch' to anti-inflammatory factors in targeted encephalitogenic T cells. RTL treatment can reverse clinical and histological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and most dramatically can promote myelin and axonal recoveiy in the CNS of mice with chronic disease. These properties of RTL suggest that this novel antigen-specific approach may hold unusual promise as a therapy for multiple sclerosis.
Characterization Of Benzoporphyrin Derivative, A New Photosensitizer (1989)

Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), synthesized from protoporphyrin and involving the formation of Diels-Alder adducts, contains four components, mono and di-acid derivatives of either ring A or ring B fused porphyrins. These compounds have been isolated and tested individually as photosensitizers both in vitro and in vivo. All forms of BPD are potent photosensiters in vitro and have a strong absorption peak at about 690 nm. 3H-BPDs were tested for biodistribution in tumor bearing mice. Distribution appeared to be similar to distribution data published by others for dihematoporphyrin ethers, with the exception that levels in skin were lower for BPD. Extraction of 3H-BPD from tissue, followed by in vitro testing of extracts for photosensitizing activity, indicated that BPD is aTly degraded in vivo. When BPDs were compared to Photofrin II for causing skin photosensitivity following intravenous administration, it was found that monoacid derivatives caused photosensitivity at 3 hours but not after 24 hours. The diacid forms did not cause appreciable skin photosensitivity even at 3 hours. Photodynamic therapy of tumors in mice with BPD showed that these compounds had comparable efficacy to Photofrin II under the experimental conditions used here.
Prosthetic Hand With Two Gripping Fingers (1993)

Prosthetic hand developed for amputee who retains significant portion of forearm. Outer end of device is end effector including two fingers, one moved by rotating remaining part of forearm about its longitudinal axis. Main body of end effector is end member supporting fingers, roller bearing assembly, and rack-and-pinion mechanism. Advantage of rack-and-pinion mechanism enables user to open or close gap between fingers with precision and force.
Imaging of refractive index change by the reflection-mode scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope: Simulation and observations (1999)

The response of the reflection-mode scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (RS-SNOM) to the refractive index change was investigated numerically and experimentally. Numerical results indicated that the signal of the RS-SNOM reflected the optical property of the sample and the image resolution was drastically improved in an ac mode SNOM image. The experimental results using alternating layers of GaAs and Al0.55Ga0.45As sample were in quite good coincidence with the numerical results and the spatial resolution of the RS-SNOM reached 10 nm in the case of ac mode SNOM operation.
Atmospheric plasma deposition of abrasion resistant coatings on plastic (2004)

Summary form only given. The plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of silicon dioxide films has been examined in a low temperature, atmospheric pressure discharge. A mixture of 2.0 vol% oxygen in helium was utilized in a capacitive discharge operating at 100 W RF power and a neutral gas temperature of /spl sim/100/spl deg/C. Several silicon precursors were studied, including tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO), tetramethylcy-clotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and hexa-methyldisilazane (HMDSN). After growth, the thickness, refractive index and composition of the silicon dioxide films were determined by ellipsometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering. Abrasion tests were performed on films deposited on plastic substrates. Glass films could be deposited at rates up to 1.0 micron/minute using TMDSO. However, these films contained 5.0 to 10.0 atom% carbon and hydrogen, and abraided easily during scratch tests. Feeding HMDSN to the oxygen plasma resulted in the deposition of silicon dioxide films that were free of nitrogen and carbon (<0.5 atom%), contained /spl sim/2.0 atom% hydrogen, and displayed excellent scratch resistance. The maximum deposition rate obtained using HMDSN was 0.3 microns/minute. It was found that the deposition rate increased with RF power, oxygen partial pressure up to 10 Torr, and decreasing distance between the plasma source and substrate (2.0 to 10.0 mm). At the meeting, we will discuss the relationship between the plasma chemistry and the properties of the silicon dioxide coatings.
Apyrase (Nucleoside Triphosphate-Diphosphohydrolase) and Extracellular Nucleotides Regulate Cotton Fiber Elongation in Cultured Ovules (2009)

Ectoapyrase enzymes remove the terminal phosphate from extracellular nucleoside tri- and diphosphates. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), two ectoapyrases, AtAPY1 and AtAPY2, have been implicated as key modulators of growth. In fibers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), transcript levels for GhAPY1 and GhAPY2, two closely related ectoapyrases that have high sequence similarity to AtAPY1 and AtAPY2, are up-regulated when fibers enter their rapid growth phase. In an ovule culture system, fibers release ATP as they grow, and when their ectoapyrase activity is blocked by the addition of polyclonal anti-apyrase antibodies or by two different small molecule inhibitors, the medium ATP level rises and fiber growth is suppressed. High concentrations of the poorly hydrolyzable nucleotides ATPgammaS and ADPbetaS applied to the medium inhibit fiber growth, and low concentrations of them stimulate growth, but treatment with adenosine 5'-O-thiomonophosphate causes no change in the growth rate. Both the inhibition and stimulation of growth by applied nucleotides can be blocked by an antagonist that blocks purinoceptors in animal cells, and by adenosine. Treatment of cotton ovule cultures with ATPgammaS induces increased levels of ethylene, and two ethylene antagonists, aminovinylglycine and silver nitrate, block both the growth stimulatory and growth inhibitory effects of applied nucleotides. In addition, the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, lowers the concentration of nucleotide needed to promote fiber growth. These data indicate that ectoapyrases and extracellular nucleotides play a significant role in regulating cotton fiber growth and that ethylene is a likely downstream component of the signaling pathway.
Hypoxia-Induced Mitogenic Factor Has Antiapoptotic Action and Is Upregulated in the Developing Lung (2004)

Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF), also called FIZZ1 or RELMalpha, was a newly found cytokine. Hypoxia caused robust HIMF induction in the lung, and HIMF has potent pulmonary vasoconstrictive, proliferative, and angiogenic properties. To investigate the role of HIMF in lung development, we determined its spatial and temporal expression. From embryonic day (E)16 to postnatal day (P)28, HIMF was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cells, type II cells, endothelial cells, and primitive mesenchymal cells. Treatment with HIMF resulted in a significant reduction of apoptosis in cultured embryonic lung, thus revealing a previously unknown function of HIMF. Because HIMF gene is upregulated by hypoxia and contains a hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) binding site, we subsequently investigated whether HIMF was coexpressed with HIF-2alpha or HIF-1alpha. HIF-1alpha expression was temporally distinct from HIMF expression. In contrast, HIF-2alpha was present in endothelial cells, bronchial epithelial cells, and type II cells from E18 to P28. Thus, HIMF and HIF-2alpha were temporally and spatially coexpressed in the developing lung. These results indicate a role for HIMF in lung development, possibly under the control of HIF-2, and suggest that HIMF regulates apoptosis and may participate in lung alveolarization and maturation.
Three-Dimensional Charging via Multimode Resonant Cavity Enabled Wireless Power Transfer (2015)

The majority of existing wireless power solutions are capable of 2-D surface charging of one or two devices, but are not well suited to deliver power efficiently to large numbers of devices placed throughout a large 3-D volume of space. In this paper, we propose an unexplored type of wireless power transfer system based on electromagnetic cavity resonance. Here, we use the natural electromagnetic modes of hollow metallic structures to produce uniform magnetic fields which can simultaneously power multiple small receiver coils contained almost anywhere inside. An analytical model is derived that predicts the coupling coefficient and power transfer efficiency from the cavity resonator to a small coil. These predictions are verified against simulated results with a coefficient of determination of 0.9943. By using two resonant modes, we demonstrate that a 3-in diameter receiver can be powered in nearly any location in a 140 cubic foot test chamber, at greater than 50% efficiency. Additionally, we show that ten receivers can be powered simultaneously and that this system is capable of recharging consumer electronics such as a cell phone.
Robustness of a Derivative-Free Adaptive Control Law in the Presence of Unmodeled Dynamics (2013)

Although adaptive control theory offers mathematical tools to achieve required system performance without excessive dependence on modeling, its application to safety-critical systems can be limited by the presence of unmodeled dynamics. This paper examines the robustness to unmodeled dynamics of a recently developed derivative-free adaptive control law. In contrast to derivative-based adaptive laws it is shown, using a LyapunovKrasovskii functional, that robustness to unmodeled dynamics is improved by increasing the adaptation gain. This is accomplished by including a bias term in the set of basis functions employed by the adaptive control law. It is shown that derivative-based adaptive laws do not offer the same advantage. Examples are presented that compare the these two forms of adaptation in the context of sensitivity to unmodeled dynamics.
First‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging with whole‐heart coverage using L1‐SPIRiT accelerated variable density spiral trajectories (2015)

First-pass myocardial perfusion imaging using accelerated spirals with optimized trajectory and k-t sampling pattern can produce high quality 2D perfusion images with whole-heart coverage at the heart rates up to 125 BPM. Magn Reson Med 76:1375-1387, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
SIMPLE SEPARATION OF CHICKEN GONADAL PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS WITH AND WITHOUT FOREIGN GENES (2002)

Simplicity is the key element of an inexpensive technique described that is superior in performance to previous methods. It can make it the rapid method of choice to obtain reasonable yields of purified primordial germ cells (PGCs) for immediate production of germline chimeric chickens with integrated foreign genes. After Ficoll centrifugation, the purity of PGCs from gonads was 80.9+/-0.08% (mechanical) compared with 86.1+/-0.19% (enzymatic). GFP gene and lacZ-transduced chicken gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs) examined 72h after transduction had a transfection efficiency of approximately 61% and approximately 64%, respectively. After 10 days of G418 selection, approximately 90 and 92% of pure gPGCs did not contain other cells following this Ficoll gradient centrifugation method of preparation.
Bipartite graph reinforcement model for web image annotation (2007)

Automatic image annotation is an effective way for managing and retrieving abundant images on the internet. In this paper, a bipartite graph reinforcement model (BGRM) is proposed for web image annotation. Given a web image, a set of candidate annotations is extracted from its surrounding text and other textual information in the hosting web page. As this set is often incomplete, it is extended to include more potentially relevant annotations by searching and mining a large-scale image database. All candidates are modeled as a bipartite graph. Then a reinforcement algorithm is performed on the bipartite graph to re-rank the candidates. Only those with the highest ranking scores are reserved as the final annotations. Experimental results on real web images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.