gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing spatial deformation for virtual sculpting (2021)

The task of computer-based free-form shape design is fraught with practical and conceptual difficulties. Incorporating elements of traditional clay sculpting has long been recognised as a means of shielding a user from the complexities inherent in this form of modelling. The premise is to deform a mathematically-defined solid in a fashion that loosely simulates the physical moulding of an inelastic substance, such as modelling clay or silicone putty. Virtual sculpting combines this emulation of clay sculpting with interactive feedback. Spatial deformations are a class of powerful modelling techniques well suited to virtual sculpting. They indirectly reshape an object by warping the surrounding space. This is analogous to embedding a flexible shape within a lump of jelly and then causing distortions by flexing the jelly. The user controls spatial deformations by manipulating points, curves or a volumetric hyperpatch. Directly Manipulated Free-Form Deformation (DMFFD), in particular, merges the hyperpatch- and point-based approaches and allows the user to pick and drag object points directly. This thesis embodies four enhancements to the versatility and validity of spatial deformation: 1. We enable users to specify deformations by manipulating the normal vector and tangent plane at a point. A first derivative frame can be tilted, twisted and scaled to cause a corresponding distortion in both the ambient space and inset object. This enhanced control is accomplished by extending previous work on bivariate surfaces to trivariate hyperpatches. 2. We extend DMFFD to enable curve manipulation by exploiting functional composition and degree reduction. Although the resulting curve-composed DMFFD introduces some modest and bounded approximation, it is superior to previous curve-based schemes in other respects. Our technique combines all three forms of spatial deformation (hyperpatch, point and curve), can maintain any desired degree of derivative continuity, is amenable to the automatic detection and prevention of self-intersection, and achieves interactive update rates over the entire deformation cycle. 3. The approximation quality of a polygon-mesh object frequently degrades under spatial deformation to become either oversaturated or undersaturated with polygons. We have devised an efficient adaptive mesh refinement and decimation scheme. Our novel contributions include: incorporating fully symmetrical decimation, reducing the computation cost of the refinement/decimation trigger, catering for boundary and crease edges, and dealing with sampling problems. 4. The potential self-intersection of an object is a serious weakness in spatial deformation. We have developed a variant of DMFFD which guards against self-intersection by subdividing manipulations into injective (one-to-one) mappings. This depends on three novel contributions: analytic conditions for identifying self-intersection, and two injectivity tests (one exact but computationally costly and the other approximate but efficient).
Synthesizing Dental Radiographs for Human Identification (2007)

The task of identifying human remains based on dental comparisons of post mortem (PM) and ante mortem (AM) radiographs is labor-intensive, subjective, and has several drawbacks, including: inherently poor image quality, difficulty matching the viewing angles in PM radiographs to those taken AM, and the fact that the state of the dental remains may entirely preclude the possibility of obtaining certain types of radiographs PM. The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using radiograph-like images reconstructed from PM x-ray computed tomography (CT) data to overcome the shortcomings of conventional radiographic comparison. Algorithms for computer synthesis of panoramic, periapical, and bitewing images are presented. The algorithms were evaluated with data from clinical examinations of two persons. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the CT-based approach and that, in comparison with conventional radiographs, the synthesized images exhibit minimal geometric distortion, reduced blurring, and reduced superimposition of oral structures.
Nutritional Emphysema in the Rat (1985)

Emphysema is produced by severe food restriction in rats and is postulated to result from depletion of lung connective tissue. We studied (1) whether total dietary protein depletion worsens nutritional emphysema, and (2) whether the reduced content of lung connective tissue in nutritional emphysema results from lack of accumulation caused by impaired lung growth or by a net loss from the lung. Lewis rats weighing 200 g were restricted to one third food intake with or without protein for 6 wk. Lungs were assessed by morphometry, pressure-volume (P-V) measurements, and content of collagen and elastin. Emphysema was found by morphometry (but not by P-V measurements) in food-restricted rats, and contrary to expectation, emphysema was less severe in those depleted of protein. Collagen and elastin content were reduced in emphysematous lungs; however, the levels were not below those found prior to nutritional intervention, suggesting that lack of growth, not depletion, accounts for the reduced content.
A survey of knowledge and views concerning genetic and amyloid positron emission tomography status disclosure (2016)

These results suggest that stakeholders in AD prevention research generally wish to know biological test information about their risk for developing AD to assist in making life plans.
Complement activation by recombinant HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120. (1994)

The mechanism of CD4+ cell depletion in HIV-infected patients is poorly understood. In this study we investigated whether rgp120 can activate the complement system in the absence of anti-gp120 Abs. We found that the complement proteins C4, C3d, C5b-9, and properdin bind to rgp 120-coated CD4+ T cells of healthy individuals when incubated in autologous serum. Activation of the complement system occurred primarily via the classical pathway and was abolished in sera deficient in C1q and C4 as well as in the presence of EDTA. No cell lysis was observed in a lymphocytotoxicity assay using human serum, possibly because of homologous restriction of complement lysis. In contrast, addition of rabbit sera induced lysis of the rgp 120-precoated cells. Cell lysis by rabbit serum was found to be because of naturally occurring IgM anti-gp 120 Abs. The rgp 120, which was immobilized on the surface of microtiter plates activated complement in the absence of lymphocytes. Complement activation by cell-bound HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 with subsequent opsonization may be relevant for the elimination of noninfected CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected patients.
Identification, cloning and sequence determination of the genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast (1986)

The hexokinase A (HKA) and hexokinase B (HKB) genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been cloned from a library of yeast genomic DNA. Using an in vitro glucose phosphorylation assay, the HKB gene was located on a plasmid carrying a 13.6 kb fragment of yeast DNA. After subcloning the relevant restriction fragments, the nucleotide sequence of the HKB gene was determined. Using this information, we were able to locate the HKA gene on a plasmid carrying this gene, which we then sequenced. Approximately 43% of the amino acid sequence of HKB was determined directly from 24 tryptic peptides. The results are in complete agreement with those derived from the DNA sequence and are consistent with the results of x-ray crystallography. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of HKA and HKB show that 378 out of 485 residues are identical. The 5' flanking region of the A gene contains nucleotide sequences expected for genes that are expressed at relatively high levels in yeast. The 24 base pair hyphenated palindrome at the 3' end of the HKB gene may be a site for termination of transcription of this gene.
Automotive Networking and Applications (2017)

The articles in this special section focus on automotive networking and applications.
Optimization of winding conditions for preventing roll defects caused by thermo-viscoelastic property and its experimental verification (2016)

Mainly produced on roll-to-roll systems, plastic films are used in various high functional products. During the final stage of the production, the films are continuously wound into a roll, which is then shipped to storage and transported; in some cases it is heat-treated at various temperatures. Over time, the in-roll stress of the roll will change as a result of thermal strain and the viscoelastic properties. These factors can generate roll defects such as slippage or wrinkling. Based on the optimum design technique, this paper describes an optimization method for wind-up tension that prevents roll defects caused by thermo-viscoelastic properties. Experimentation confirms the optimized tension and shows that the in-roll stress distributions are significantly improved, thus preventing both wrinkles and slippage.
Stimulus Responsive PNIPAM/QD Hybrid Microspheres by Copolymerization with Surface Engineered QDs (2009)

10.1021/ma802521a
What Is the Contact Angle of Water on Graphene? (2013)

Although experimental and theoretical studies have addressed the question of the wetting properties of graphene, the actual value of the contact angle of water on an isolated graphene monolayer remains unknown. While recent experimental literature indicates that the contact angle of water on graphite is in the range 90-95°, it has been suggested that the contact angle on graphene may either be as high as 127° or moderately enhanced in comparison with graphite. With the support of classical molecular dynamics simulations using empirical force-fields, we develop an argumentation to show that the value of 127° is an unrealistic estimate and that a value of the order of 95-100° should be expected. Our study establishes a connection between the variation of the work of adhesion of water on graphene-based surfaces and the interaction potential between individual water molecules and these surfaces. We show that a variation of the contact angle from 90° on graphite to 127° on graphene would imply that both of the first two carbon layers of graphite contribute approximately the same interaction energy with water. Such a situation is incompatible with the short-range nature of the interaction between water and this substrate. We also show that the interaction potential energy between water and the graphene-based substrates is the main contribution to the work of adhesion of water with a relative magnitude that is independent of the number of graphene layers. We introduce the idea that the remaining contribution is entropic in nature and is connected to the fluctuations in the water-substrate interaction energy.
On the communication-storage minimization for a class of secure multicast protocols (2000)

Developing cryptographic key management protocols that have scalability in terms of the key storage as well as key update communication is an important problem in many secure multicast applications [1], [9], [10]. Wong et al. [10] and Wallner et al. [9] independently presented the first set of key distribution models where the key update communication grows as O(log N) for group of size N . However, the storage requirement of these models were O(N ). Recently [2], a new model based on clustering of the group members was proposed in order to lower the key storage while maintaining the update communication growth as O(log N ). For the new model, by considering the product of the storage and the communication as the cost function, the optimal cluster size M was conjectured to be M = O(log N ). In this paper, we show that the optimal value of the cluster can be computed without the product function due the monotonicity of the storage with respect to the cluster size. We show that ...
A 125MHz burst-mode flexible readwhile-write 256Mbit 2b/c 1.8V NOR flash memory (2005)

A 1.8 V 256 Mb 2b/cell NOR flash memory is designed in a 130 nm technology. A fast gate-voltage-ramp constant-current-reading concept is implemented to obtain a robust read-while-write/erase function and 125 MHz burst read frequency.
Dispiro[fluorene-9,5′-[1,2,3,4]tetrathiane-6′,9′′-fluorene] (2001)

The tetrathiane ring of the title compound, C26H16S4, has a chair conformation and the molecule has approximate C2 symmetry. Each of the two fluorene ring systems is virtually planar, with the ring planes intersecting at an angle of 67.58 (5) degrees. This novel compound has been formed as a side product from the treatment of 9H-fluorene-9-thione with methyl N-[(benzylidene)phenyl]glycinate in the presence of LiBr and 1,6-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecane.
Isolation and Characterization of Defective Interfering Particle of Newcastle Disease Virus (1978)

Newcastle disease virus grown in embryonated eggs was separated and purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation into two distinct type of particles, B and T, the former being normal virus particles with high activities of hemagglutination, hemolysis, neuraminidase and infectivity, the latter being non-infectious virus particles with low activities of hemolysis and neuraminidase but high hemagglutination activity. B and T particles were shown to share a common antigen by immunodiffusion test. T particles were deficient in viral RNA, since they contained only 13s RNA in a small amount, whereas B particles possessed a large amount of 57s RNA and a small amount of 13s RNA. T particles interfered with the multiplication of normal Newcastle disease virus in primary cultures of chick embryo cells.
From BIM to VR - Integrating immersive visualizations in the current design process (2014)

This paper presents a system that allows immersive visualizations to become a natural and integrated part of the current building design process. It is realized through three main components: (1) the Oculus Rift - a new type of Head Mounted Display (HMD) directed at the consumer market, (2) a real-time rendering engine supporting large Building Information Models (BIM) that is, (3) implemented as a plug-in in a BIM authoring software. In addition to provide details regarding the implementation and integration of the different components in our system, we present an evaluation of it from three different perspectives; rendering performance, navigation interface and the ability to support fast design iterations.
Le Code de conduite de La Haye contre la prolifération des missiles balistiques (2010)

Le Code de conduite de La Haye contre la prolifération des missiles balistiques a été adopté en novembre 2002 afin d’appuyer les efforts internationaux pour réduire et empêcher la prolifération des vecteurs pouvant emporter des armes de destruction massive. S’il vient renforcer le Régime de contrôle de la technologie des missiles, il n’est en revanche pas contraignant et ne comprend que des mesures de confiance très modestes. Malgré l’adhésion de 130 États, il doit faire face à de nombreux obstacles et critiques : plusieurs États dotés de capacités balistiques n’ont pas signé, la Russie et les États-Unis ne respectent guère leurs obligations, et les missiles de croisière ne sont pas pris en compte. Cependant, son caractère souple et non-contraignant peut aussi être un atout : une approche pragmatique de la question pourrait s’avérer fructueuse sur le long terme. La mise en œuvre du Code et son universalisation nécessitent aussi un accroissement des efforts d’information et de communication entre États membres et avec les États non-signataires.
Kinetics of Ligand Binding to Membrane Receptors from Equilibrium Fluctuation Analysis of Single Binding Events (2011)

Equilibrium fluctuation analysis of single binding events has been used to extract binding kinetics of ligand interactions with cell-membrane bound receptors. Time-dependent total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging was used to extract residence-time statistics of fluorescently stained liposomes derived directly from cell membranes upon their binding to surface-immobilized antibody fragments. The dissociation rate constants for two pharmaceutical relevant antibodies directed against different B-cell expressed membrane proteins was clearly discriminated, and the affinity of the interaction could be determined by inhibiting the interaction with increasing concentrations of soluble antibodies. The single-molecule sensitivity made the analysis possible without overexpressed membrane proteins, which makes the assay attractive in early drug-screening applications.
A binocular vision-based measuring system for UAVs autonomous aerial refueling (2016)

In this paper, we present the systematic design and implementation of a binocular vision-based measuring system for autonomous aerial refueling. The hardware configuration of the verification platform is presented, and vision algorithms including feature extraction and pose estimation are employed for estimating the relation between two rotorcrafts. To verify the autonomous aerial refueling of unmanned aerial vehicles, a binocular vision system and an on-board data processing computer are utilized to provide the real-time pose information. Series of experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the overall platform.
Characterization, parameter identification, and modeling of a new monolithic emitter-switching bipolar transistor (2006)

This paper proposes the characterization, parameter estimation, and modeling of a monolithic cascode, which has been called emitter-switching bipolar transistor (ESBT), suitable for high-voltage applications. Such an innovative device is composed of a high-voltage power bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and low-voltage power MOSFET that are connected in cascode connection, with the MOSFET drain embedded inside the BJT emitter. Being a four-terminal device, the ESBT requires a suitable characterization procedure aimed to identify the main electrical parameters relative to the inner BJT and MOSFET parts. Various test configurations that are needed to characterize the ESBT are presented and discussed. The device has been characterized to derive a behavioral model implemented in the PSpice simulator in order to predict the device performances. The storage-time behavior has been investigated aiming to derive a suitable model devoted to the turn off switching of the ESBT. Such a model gives satisfactory results as long as the storage time and the slope of the collector voltage during the turn off switching are concerned. The full dependence on the temperature has been provided in the presented model by analyzing the thermal behavior of the ESBT from the standpoint view of the static and dynamic characteristics.
Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Interferon Gamma Detection (2010)

In this paper, we describe the development of an electrochemical DNA aptamer-based biosensor for detection of interferon (IFN)-γ. A DNA hairpin containing IFN-γ-binding aptamer was thiolated, conjugated with methylene blue (MB) redox tag, and immobilized on a gold electrode by self-assembly. Binding of IFN-γ caused the aptamer hairpin to unfold, pushing MB redox molecules away from the electrode and decreasing electron-transfer efficiency. The change in redox current was quantified using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and was found to be highly sensitive to IFN-γ concentration. The limit of detection for optimized biosensor was 0.06 nM with linear response extending to 10 nM. This aptasensor was specific to IFN-γ in the presence of overabundant serum proteins. Importantly, the same aptasensor could be regenerated by disrupting aptamer-IFN-γ complex in urea buffer and reused multiple times. Unlike standard sandwich immunoassays, the aptasensor described here allowed one to detect IFN-γ binding directly without the need for multiple washing steps and reagents. An electrochemical biosensor for simple and sensitive detection of IFN-γ demonstrated in this paper will have future applications in immunology, cancer research, and infectious disease monitoring.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: a New Model (1997)

Several therapeutic options are available for patients with breast cancer. These include ‘‘local’’ therapies, such as surgery and radiation therapy, and ‘‘systemic’’ therapies, such as chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Unfortunately, few, if any, patients with detectable, metastatic disease are cured with currently available treatment options (1). Therefore, at least in 1997, our best chance to cure patients with breast cancer is to find and treat it early or to prevent it altogether. The strategy of early diagnosis and treatment may be contributing to the decreasing risk of dying from breast cancer in the Western world (2). Screening mammography permits early detection of breast cancer (3). Randomized studies have demonstrated that early local treatment for screened patients reduces mortality by 20%-30% over a 10-year period compared with women who are followed without screening (4). Early systemic therapy also saves lives (5). Regardless of the risk of subsequent recurrence for a patient with newly diagnosed, nonmetastatic breast cancer, adjuvant systemic therapy of some sort decreases the odds of distant recurrence and death by 20%-30% over a 10-15-year period. These observations raise the question: What is early breast cancer? Many investigators have proposed a model in which breast epithelial cells, like other solid tumors of epithelial origin, appear to proceed through a spectrum of biologic states from normal to frankly metastatic (6). According to this model, a series of random yet important chronologic events occurs in which epithelial cells escape normal growth control, develop the ability to invade the basement membrane, survive in the surrounding interstitial tissue of normal breast, migrate to other tissues, and multiply. Clinically, when carcinoma cells are confined to the basement membrane, they are designated in situ. Those cells that escape the basement membrane gain the designation of invasive or infiltrating carcinomas. Those that travel to other sites of the body are known as micrometastases, and if they grow in other tissues, they become detectable metastases. Ultimately, it is this process that causes the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer: the uncontrolled growth of malignant ductal breast cells in other tissues at the expense of the normal function of the host tissue. However, as the old saying goes, ‘‘All dogs are animals, but not all animals are dogs.’’ Presumably, all detectable metastases arise from the preceding state(s), but not all cells in the preceding state progress to detectable metastases. Multiple clinical implications arise from this model. If breast cancer really does represent a stepwise progressive process, the following assumptions and corollaries might be made: 1) In an individual patient, breast cancer is not a ‘‘disease’’
A 36.4dB SNDR @ 5GHz 1.25GS/s 7b 3.56mW single-channel SAR ADC in 28nm bulk CMOS (2017)

A 1.25GS/s 7b single-channel SAR ADC is presented with an SNDR/SFDR of 41.4dB/51dB at low frequencies, while the SNDR/SFDR at Nyquist are 40.1dB/52dB and remain still 36.4dB/50.1dB at 5GHz. The high input frequency linearity is enabled by a fast bootstrap circuit for the input switch, while the high sampling rate, the highest among recently published >34dB SNDR single-channel SAR ADCs is achieved by a Triple-Tail dynamic comparator and a Unit-Switch-Plus-Cap (USPC) DAC. The prototype ADC in 28nm CMOS consumes only 3.56mW from a 1V supply, leading to a Walden FoM of 34.4fJ/conv-step at Nyquist for a core chip area of 0.0071mm2