gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parasitic-aware design and optimization of a CMOS RF power amplifier (2006)

Implementation of fully integrated CMOS RF power amplifiers is a challenge owing to the low breakdown voltage of aggressively scaled CMOS transistors and parasitic effects associated with on-chip passive components. To address this problem, a parasitic-aware design and optimization paradigm and novel power amplifier circuit design techniques are proposed. The parasitic-aware synthesis described herein employs a simulated annealing algorithm that includes an adaptive tunneling mechanism and post-optimization sensitivity analysis (i.e., design centering) with respect to process, voltage, and temperature variations. Several design techniques are introduced including a self-biased power-amplifier configuration and a digitally controlled conduction angle topology. The techniques are validated via the design of a fully differential nonlinear three-stage 900-MHz GSM power amplifier integrated in 2 mm/sup 2/ in 250-nm CMOS that outputs 2 W (1.5 W) with 30% (43%) drain efficiency from a single 3.0-V (2.5-V) power supply.
Controlled growth of CH3NH3PbI3 nanowires in arrays ofopen nanofluidic channels (2016)

Spatial positioning of nanocrystal building blocks on a solid surface is a prerequisite for assembling individual nanoparticles into functional devices. Here, we report on the graphoepitaxial liquid-solid growth of nanowires of the photovoltaic compound CH3NH3PbI3 in open nanofluidic channels. The guided growth, visualized in real-time with a simple optical microscope, undergoes through a metastable solvatomorph formation in polar aprotic solvents. The presently discovered crystallization leads to the fabrication of mm(2)-sized surfaces composed of perovskite nanowires having controlled sizes, cross-sectional shapes, aspect ratios and orientation which have not been achieved thus far by other deposition methods. The automation of this general strategy paves the way towards fabrication of wafer-scale perovskite nanowire thin films well-suited for various optoelectronic devices, e.g. solar cells, lasers, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors.
Passively Q-switched VCSEL-pumped Nd:YAG laser with 47 mJ pulse energy (2017)

A compact passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was end-pumped by a water-cooled 808 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) pump module comprising four high power, high brightness VCSEL chips with a combined 10 mm diameter circular emitting area and 2.3 kW total peak power, resulting in 47 mJ laser pulse energy at 1064 nm with 16% optical efficiency at 15 Hz repetition frequency. A laser package comprising an air-cooled 1.6 kW VCSEL pump module produced 37 mJ laser pulse energy, while more than 13 mJ laser pulse energy was demonstrated in a bench-top experiment with a very compact laser set-up using a single 5 mm x 5 mm VCSEL chip.
Multilayer neural network controller for a class of nonlinear systems (2002)

A family of novel multilayer discrete-time neural net (NN) controller is presented for the control of a class of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dynamical systems. The NN controller includes modified delta rule weight tuning and exhibits a learning-while-functioning-features instead of learning-then-control so that control action is immediate with no explicit learning phase needed. The structure of the neural net controller is derived using a filtered error/passivity approach. Linearity in the parameters is not required and certainty equivalence is not used, which overcomes several limitations in adaptive control. For guaranteed stability, the upper bound on the constant learning rate parameter for the developed weight tuning mechanisms is shown to decrease with the number of hidden-layer neurons so that learning must slow down; this a major draw back often documented in the literature. This major draw back is shown to be overcome easily by using a projection algorithm at each layer. The notion of persistency of excitation (PE) for multilayer NN is explored. An extension of these weight tuning updates to NN with an arbitrary number of hidden layers is discussed. The notions of discrete-time passive NN and dissipative NN is introduced. Though the original system may not have any sort of passivity properties or it may be extremely difficult to demonstrate the passivity properties, the NN makes the closed-loop system passive. Simulation results show the theoretical conclusions.
First Trimester Circulating MicroRNA Biomarkers Predictive of Subsequent Preterm Delivery and Cervical Shortening (2019)

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant death and disability worldwide. The onset of preterm uterine contractions is preceded by asymptomatic cervical remodelling and ripening, which can be seen on trans-vaginal ultrasound as cervical shortening. This study aimed to identify plasma miRNA biomarkers that predict preterm birth and/or cervical shortening. We collected serial plasma samples from pregnant women prospectively from 12 to 22 weeks gestation. The nCounter miRNA assay was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs associated with spontaneous PTB and/or cervical shortening (n = 16 term no short, n = 13 preterm, n = 24 short). Predictive values of the miRNA biomarkers were confirmed in an independent validation cohort consisting of 96 women who delivered at term, 14 preterm and 21 early cervical shortening at <20 weeks gestation. Nine miRNAs (hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-374a-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-19b-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-93-5p, hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-191-5p) were differentially expressed (P < 0.001) in women subsequently experiencing PTB or cervical shortening. Hsa-miR-150-5p had the strongest ability to predict PTB (AUC = 0.8725) and cervical shortening (AUC = 0.8514). Plasma miRNAs in the first trimester can predict PTB and cervical shortening in women at risk of preterm delivery. This is a key period in pregnancy when early identification of PTB risk allows time to deliver outcome-modifying interventions.
Low‐Fired (Zn,Mg)TiO3 Microwave Dielectrics (1999)

A dielectric ceramic comprised of (Zn 1‐ x Mg x )TiO 3 ( x = 0 to x = 0.5) with low sintering temperature and promising microwave properties was prepared by applying a semichemical synthesis route and a microbeads milling technique. X‐ray diffractometry and thermal analyses results indicated that the phase stability region of the hexagonal (Zn,Mg)TiO 3 extended to higher temperatures as the amount of magnesium increased. The dielectric properties in this system exhibited a significant dependence on the sintering conditions, especially near the phase decomposition temperature. From 950°C, the temperature compensation characteristics occurred as the phase composition changed from hexagonal (Zn,Mg)TiO 3 to two phases: (Zn,Mg) 2 TiO 4 and rutile. The magnesium content for zero temperature coefficient (tau f ) was ~3 mol% at 950°C; however, tau f increased with the sintering temperatures because of the shift of the decomposition temperature.
Self-aligned grating couplers on template-stripped metal pyramids via nanostencil lithography (2016)

We combine nanostencil lithography and template stripping to create self-aligned patterns about the apex of ultrasmooth metal pyramids with high throughput. Three-dimensional patterns such as spiral and asymmetric linear gratings, which can couple incident light into a hot spot at the tip, are presented as examples of this fabrication method. Computer simulations demonstrate that spiral and linear diffraction grating patterns are both effective at coupling light to the tip. The self-aligned stencil lithography technique can be useful for integrating plasmonic couplers with sharp metallic tips for applications such as near-field optical spectroscopy, tip-based optical trapping, plasmonic sensing, and heat-assisted magnetic recording.
Functional immunoglobulin E cross‐reactivity between Pas n 1 of Bahia grass pollen and other group 1 grass pollen allergens (2011)

Pollen allergens of the subtropical P. notatum, including Pas n 1, show clinically relevant IgE cross-reactivity with pollen allergens of L. perenne but also species-specific IgE reactivity.
Cellular communication of traffic signal state to connected vehicles for arterial eco-driving (2017)

The main contribution of this paper is experimental validation of a system architecture for providing real time communication of individualized Traffic Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) data from disparate data sources, tailored to meet the needs of an in-vehicle driver assistance systems. The role of data collected directly from Traffic Management Centers is explored; in addition, the collection and condensation of crowdsourced SPaT data sources is investigated as a complementary solution in situations where timing information is not available directly from a city's Traffic Management Center (TMC). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of communicating the traffic signal state to the in-vehicle driver assistance systems, on-road experiments were carried out by a number of drivers interacting with an implemented in-vehicle speed advisory application in mixed traffic on arterial roads in the city of San Jose, CA. The experiments show that on average a 9.5% decrease in fuel usage is possible if accurate SPaT data is available. We also experimentally evaluated the accuracy of the crowdsourcing algorithm in the city of San Francisco, CA.
CASO: Cost-Aware Secure Outsourcing of General Computational Problems (2018)

Computation outsourcing is an integral part of cloud computing. It enables end-users to outsource their computational tasks to the cloud and utilize the shared cloud resources in a pay-per-use manner. However, once the tasks are outsourced, the end-users will lose control of their data, which may result in severe security issues especially when the data is sensitive. To address this problem, secure outsourcing mechanisms have been proposed to ensure security of the end-users' outsourced data. In this paper, we investigate outsourcing of general computational problems which constitute the mathematical basics for problems emerged from various fields such as engineering and finance. To be specific, we propose affine mapping based schemes for the problem transformation and outsourcing so that the cloud is unable to learn any key information from the transformed problem. Meanwhile, the overhead for the transformation is limited to an acceptable level compared to the computational savings introduced by the outsourcing itself. Furthermore, we develop cost-aware schemes to balance the trade-offs between end-users' various security demands and computational overhead. We also propose a verification scheme to ensure that the end-users will always receive a valid solution from the cloud. Our extensive complexity and security analysis show that our proposed Cost-Aware Secure Outsourcing (CASO) scheme is both practical and effective.
Feasibility of tissue engineering scaffold fabrication using fused deposition modelling (2001)

The feasibility of fabricating three-dimensional (3-D) non-random porous scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (TE) purposes using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process is investigated. The structural characteristics of FDM fabricated parts, namely, 3-D pore inter-connectivity, porosity, pore size and mechanical properties were evaluated, to determine their suitability for use as TE scaffolds. The influence of FDM process parameters on these structural characteristics is presented in this paper. From the investigations, the FDM process is found to be highly capable of providing good control and reproducibility of the desired part geometry, degree of porosity and microstructure. The high influence exerted by the FDM process parameters on the part microstructure, offers the user flexibility and ease of varying the structural characteristics of built parts to meet specific structural and functional requirements of TE scaffolds.
Genetic regulation of gene expression in the lung identifies<i>CST3</i>and<i>CD22</i>as potential causal genes for airflow obstruction (2014)

By using integrative genomics and analysing the relationships of COPD phenotypes with SNPs and gene expression in lung tissue, we identified CST3 and CD22 as potential causal genes for airflow obstruction. This study also augmented the understanding of previously described COPD pathways.
Tapping into parallelism with transactional memory (2009)

Multicore system promise to deliver increasing performance only if programmers make thread-level paralelism visible in software. Unfortunately, multithreader programs are difficult to writte, largely because of the complexity of synchronization. Transactional memory (TM) aims to hide this complexity by raising the level of abstraction. Several software, hardware and hybrid implementations of TM have been proposed and evaluated, and hardware support. We describe the principal hardware alternatives, discuss performance and implementation tradeoffs, and argue that a classic policy-in-software, mechanism-in-hradware strategy can combine excellent performance with the flexibility to accomodate different system goals and workload charasteristic.
Compositions involving MnO-V sub 2 O sub 3 -TiO sub 2 (1991)

This patent describes a composition involving MnO, V{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and TiO{sub 2}. This patent also describes a method of preparing compositions from MnO, V{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2}. It comprises heating V{sub 2}O{sub 5} powder having a particle size of less than about 50 microns in an atmosphere in which the partial pressure of oxygen is in the range of 10{sup {minus}8} to 10{sup {minus}10} atmosphere while starting at a temperature of 600{degrees} C and gradually increasing the temperature over a period in the range of about 12 to 24 hours to about 1300{degrees} C for a period to ensure complete reduction of all vanadium to V{sup 3+}; heating TiO{sub 2} and Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4} powders each having a particle size of less than about 50 microns for a period of about 10 to 14 hrs at a temperature in the range of about 600{degrees} C to 800{degrees} C for TiO{sub 2} and about 1000{degrees} C to 1300{degrees} C for Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}; thoroughly grinding together about 35 to 98 wt.% of V{sub 2}O{sub 3} with about 0 to 55 wt.% of TiO{sub 2} and about 2 to 45 wt.% of Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4} to produce a mixturemore » having a grain size of less than about 50 microns; pelletizing the mixture at a pressure of about 5000 psi; and heating and reacting together the pellets at a temperature in the range of about 1000{degrees} C to 1700{degrees} C for a period in the range of about 1/2 to 48 hrs in an atmosphere in which the partial pressure of oxygen is in the range of 10{sup {minus}10} to 10{sup {minus}5} atmosphere.« less
Dc SQUID array with nonlinear inductance (2010)

We show that voltage response of dc SQUID can be substantially linearized by the introduction of a nonlinear inductance. The inductance tuning allows us to achieve the response linearity as high as 120 dB. Such a nonlinear inductance can be easily formed using Josephson junction inductance. To obtain high dynamic range commensurate to the high response linearity, one can use series array of the nonlinear inductance dc SQUIDs.
Coherent Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Silver Platelet-J-aggregate Nanocomposites (2015)

Hybrid nanostructures that couple plasmon and exciton resonances generate hybridized energy states, called plexcitons, which may result in unusual light-matter interactions. We report the formation of a transparency dip in the visible spectra of colloidal suspensions containing silver nanoplatelets and a cyanine dye, 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodide (PIC). PIC was electrostatically adsorbed onto the surface of silver nanoplatelet core particles, forming an outer J-aggregate shell. This core-shell architecture provided a framework for coupling the plasmon resonance of the silver nanoplatelet core with the exciton resonance of the J-aggregate shell. The sizes and aspect ratios of the silver nanoplatelets were controlled to ensure the overlap of the plasmon and exciton resonances. As a measure of the plasmon-exciton coupling strength in the system, the experimentally observed transparency dips correspond to a Rabi splitting energy of 207 meV, among the highest reported for colloidal nanoparticles. The optical properties of the silver platelet-J-aggregate nanocomposites were supported numerically and analytically by the boundary-element method and temporal coupled-mode theory, respectively. Our theoretical predictions and experimental results confirm the presence of a transparency dip for the silver nanoplatelet core J-aggregate shell structures. Additionally, the numerical and analytical calculations indicate that the observed transparencies are dominated by the coupling of absorptive resonances, as opposed to the coupling of scattering resonances. Hence, we describe the suppressed extinction in this study as an induced transparency rather than a Fano resonance.
Meeting regulatory standards with BeO ceramic TLD (1978)

Measurements of exposures below 1 mR are possible with BeO ceramic TLD by signal recording that discriminates against an interfering pyroelectric incandescence. Performance under environmental monitoring conditions is considered in light of current regulatory criteria. Factors such as reproducibility and batch uniformity are satisfactory. An anomalous energy dependence causes an over-response that will probably require use of an energy compensation shield.
Analysis of LDPC decoding schedules (2009)

Schedule is the order of passing messages between vertices of the bipartite graph defining an LDPC code during decoding. Schedules may significantly differ in the rate of decoding convergence. New efficient generalized serial schedules are described and analyzed. They provide significant convergence rate speedup factors compared to previously known schedules. For the proposed schedules, combinatorial and probabilistic analysis is presented, explaining the fast convergence observed in simulations. Using it, LDPC ensembles for which significantly better convergence rates can be obtained are identified.
Microwave arbitrary waveform generation using a direct space-to-time optical pulse shaper (2002)

Fourier transform optical pulse shaping [1] is now a well established technology for generating nearly arbitrarily shaped ultrafast optical pulses, with applications ranging from coherent control to high-speed communications. On the other hand, arbitrary waveform generation (AWG) capabilities for microwave electromagnetic signals are quite limited. Microwave arbitrary waveform generators could be important for a number of applications, including RF test and measurement instrumentation, secure and multiple-access wireless communications, and radar. Commercial AWG instrumentation is limited to the range below 1 GHz. The use of shaped optical pulses to drive a high-speed optical-to-electronic (O/E) converter offers the possibility to dramatically improve the state-of-the-art in microwave AWG. In previous work in our group, we used pulse sequences from a Fourier transform (FT) pulse shaper to drive a THz photoconductive antenna, resulting in generation of freely propagating phase- and amplitude-modulated THz radiation signals [2]. Another group recently used a wavelength-division multiplexing technique together with a series of optical fiber delay lines to produce a series of pulses suitable for generating a phase-modulated waveform in the low («6) GHz range [3]. Here we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge microwave arbitrary waveform generation at center frequencies up to 50 GHz, thereby filling in the void between the previous results. Our work takes advantage of a novel direct space-to-time (DST) pulse shaper [4], which provides pulse shaping over a 100 psec temporal window, as required for waveform generation at tens of GHz.
A Simplified Method for Freezing Human Blood Platelets in Glycerol‐Glucose Using a Statically Controlled Cooling Rate Device (1979)

An inexpensive, statically controlled cooling rate device consisting of a cassette of aluminum plates and cardboard insulation in a plastic bag was used to freeze platelets in liquid nitrogen with glycerol-glucose as cryoprotectant. Depending on the thermocouple location, the cooling rate in the freezing bag varied between 22.1 and 38.6 C per minute, averaging 33.6 +/- 1.1 C per minute at the center. The post-thaw recovery of platelets frozen with this device and reconstituted in plasma averaged 88.6 +/- 11.7 per cent, compared to 86.1 +/- 9.9 per cent for nonfrozen, but otherwise identically processed platelets. 14C Serotonin uptake after 0.5-hour incubation was 95.9 +/- 1.9 per cent for fresh platelets in platelet-rich plasma, 92.7 +/- 4.4 per cent for nonfrozen processed platelets, and 81.4 +/- 11.8 per cent for frozen platelets, increasing to 85.9 +/- 7.7 per cent after one-hour incubation.
DV8: Interactive Analysis of Aviation Data (2017)

The vast volume of real-time air traffic data, being produced through new digital transmissions of the movement of aircraft throughout the US National Airspace System (NAS), is a rich resource for evaluating the performance of the system. To date, the potential for comprehensively analyzing this data has yet to be tapped, precisely due to a lack of tools that limit fully interactive data visualization. In this paper, we propose DV8, an interactive data visualization framework which provides in immediately visualized aviation-oriented insights, with a focus on evaluating the deviations among flights by route, type, airport, and aircraft performance. By providing scenarios validated by aviation experts, we illustrate different utilities of DV8 in areas such as capacity planning, flight route prediction, and fuel consumption.
Deduplication Adapted CaseDB for Edge Computing (2020)

Log-structured merge-tree (LSM-tree) family key-value stores are becoming the databases most in demand for big data systems. They provide an easy-to-implement interface, and they automatically perform garbage collection by applying a compaction procedure over the multilevel structure. CaseDB offers various advantages by reducing write amplification considerably, using a metadata compaction technique. However, it suffers from a space amplification problem in update-intensive workloads. As an implementation of the LSM-tree structure, CaseDB refuses to instantly perform deletes, but delays them for the compaction process, resulting in an increasing amount of deprecated data. This paper proposes a deduplication extended compaction method for CaseDB. It scans for duplicated keys within the compaction method and removes the old values. Experiment results show that the proposed technique offers various threshold values of deduplication for different balances between space amplification and write amplification.