gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion and Size Distribution of Amiloride by Metered Dose and Dry Powder Inhalers (1990)

An aerosol of amiloride, nebulized from liquid solution, shows promise as treatment for viscous secretions in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. To improve ease of delivery and perhaps pharmacokinetics of amiloride aerosol, we examined two devices that generate dry powder aerosols: (a) the Spinhaler and (b) the metered dose inhaler (MDI). We estimate that treatment will require generation of 8 to 12 mg/day of respirable particles (<4.7um) to achieve the desired concentrations of drug in the conducting airways. However, oropharyngeal deposition of the drug must be minimized because excessive diuresis or hyperkalemia may develop if the total systemic dose to the patient exceeds 20 mg/day. The Spinhaler was tested alone and in combination with an impactor designed to reduce the mass of large particles deposited in the oropharynx. The MDI was attached to a spacer and studied with and without the same impactor. An Andersen cascade impactor was used to determine the aerodynamic size distribution of the amiloride generated by both devices. The collected amiloride was analyzed by spectrophotometry. We achieved generation of 12 mg/day of respirable amiloride without exceeding a total systemic dose of 20 mg/day using the Spinhaler with the impactor, and by the MDI, spacer, and impactor. Generation of 8 mg/day of respirable amiloride without exceeding a daily systemic dose of 20 mg/day was achieved using the MDI and spacer.
Enabling smart location-based services by mining GPS traces (2010)

The advance of GPS-enabled devices has facilitated people to log their location history with GPS trajectories. These trajectories imply to some extent an individual’s behaviors and interests related to their outdoor movements. Therefore, we can understand users and locations as well as the correlation between them based on these trajectories. By mining a user’s life pattern from their trajectories, we are able to automatically respond to the user’s unspoken needs. By mining multiple users’ trajectories, we can find out the top interesting locations, travel sequences and the travel experts in a given region. This information can enable generic travel recommendation and help people understand an unfamiliar city with minimal effort. By measuring the similarity between different users’ location histories, we could estimate the similarity between users and perform a personalized friend recommendation. Using such user similarity, a personalized location recommendation can be conducted in terms of the location history of a user and that of others. Overall, we can mine from the user trajectories rich knowledge, which may enable many smart location-based services, such as generic travel recommenders and personalized friend & location recommendations.
Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes to Enhance Tissue Regeneration: Evaluation In Vitro Using Osteoblast-Like Cells and In Vivo in a Bone Defect (2012)

In case of degenerative disease or lesion, bone tissue replacement and regeneration is an important clinical goal. In particular, nowadays, critical size defects rely on the engineering of scaffolds that are 3D structural supports, allowing cellular infiltration and subsequent integration with the native tissue. Several ceramic hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with high porosity and good osteointegration have been developed in the past few decades but they have not solved completely the problems related to bone defects. In the present study we have developed a novel porous ceramic composite made of HA that incorporates magnetite at three different ratios: HA/Mgn 95/5, HA/Mgn 90/10 and HA/Mgn 50/50. The scaffolds, consolidated by sintering at high temperature in a controlled atmosphere, have been analysed in vitro using human osteoblast-like cells. Results indicate high biocompatibility, similar to a commercially available HA bone graft, with no negative effects arising from the presence of magnetite or by the use of a static magnetic field. HA/Mgn 90/10 was shown to enhance cell proliferation at the early stage. Moreover, it has been implanted in vivo in a critical size lesion of the rabbit condyle and a good level of histocompatibility was observed. Such results identify this scaffold as particularly relevant for bone tissue regeneration and open new perspectives for the application of a magnetic field in a clinical setting of bone replacement, either for magnetic scaffold fixation or magnetic drug delivery.
Devices, systems, and methods for automated monitoring enabling precision agriculture (2015)

Addressing the challenges of feeding the burgeoning world population with limited resources requires innovation in sustainable, efficient farming. The practice of precision agriculture offers many benefits towards addressing these challenges, such as improved yield and efficient use of such resources as water, fertilizer and pesticides. We describe the design and development of a light-weight, multi-spectral 3D imaging device that can be used for automated monitoring in precision agriculture. The sensor suite consists of a laser range scanner, multi-spectral cameras, a thermal imaging camera, and navigational sensors. We present techniques to extract four key data products - plant morphology, canopy volume, leaf area index, and fruit counts - using the sensor suite. We demonstrate its use with two systems: multi-rotor micro aerial vehicles and on a human-carried, shoulder-mounted harness. We show results of field experiments conducted in collaboration with growers and agronomists in vineyards, apple orchards and orange groves.
Wheat acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase: cDNA and protein structure. (1994)

cDNA fragments encoding part of wheat (Triticum aestivum) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC; EC 6.4.1.2) were cloned by PCR using primers based on the alignment of several biotin-dependent carboxylases. A set of overlapping clones encoding the entire wheat ACC was then isolated by using these fragments as probes. The cDNA sequence contains a 2257-amino acid reading frame encoding a 251-kDa polypeptide. The amino acid sequence of the most highly conserved domain, corresponding to the biotin carboxylases of prokaryotes, is 52-55% identical to ACC of yeast, rat, and diatom. Identity with the available C-terminal amino acid sequence of maize ACC is 66%. The biotin attachment site has the typical eukaryotic EVMKM sequence. The cDNA does not encode an obvious chloroplast targeting sequence. Various cDNA fragments hybridize in Northern blots to a 7.9-kb mRNA. Southern analysis with cDNA probes revealed multiple hybridizing fragments in hexaploid wheat DNA. Some of the wheat cDNA probes also hybridize with ACC-specific DNA from other plants, indicating significant conservation among plant ACCs.
Identification of Nucleotide Sequences for the Specific and Rapid Detection of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> (2001)

Suppression subtractive hybridization, a cost-effective approach for targeting unique DNA, was used to identify a 41.7-kb Yersinia pestis-specific region. One primer pair designed from this region amplified PCR products from natural isolates of Y. pestis and produced no false positives for near neighbors, an important criterion for unambiguous bacterial identification.
Pilot scale production of cellulolytic enzymes by Trichoderma reesei (1983)

The French substitute fuels program aims at the substitution of part of gasoline by methanol. In order to avoid phase separation of the gasoline-methanol blend, a cosolvant has to be added; one of the most efficient cosolvants is the mixture of acetone and butanol produced by anaerobic acetone-butanol fermentation. The Institut Francais du Petrole is thus implementing a research and development program on the production of acetone butanol from biomass, either sugar crops (fodder beets and Jerusalem artichoke) or lignocellulosic (corn stover and wheat straw). Production of sugars from lignocellulosics is a major part of this program. The enzymatic hydrolysis route, based on Trichoderma reesei cellulolytic enzymes, has been chosen since it does not cause any degradation of C/sub 5/ sugars which are good substrates of the acetone butanol fermentation. Efficient and cheap large-scale production of cellulolytic enzymes is thus a key step in this process. This paper reports on production of cellulases by Trichoderma reesei in a 3-m/sup 3/ pilot fermentor under conditions which should facilitate the scaling-up of the process. 7 references, 2 figures, 2 tables.
32.1: Laser Projection System with Variable Speckle Generator (2011)

Abstract Laser projector with variable speckle generator was introduced, which image of micro display was projected on screen. Variable speckle generator utilizing holographic beam shaper and scanning mirror made angular shift of incident light and generated numerical speckle pattern in a short time. Speckle contrast of 0.03 was achieved.
Passive immunization of chickens against Eimeria maxima infection with a monoclonal antibody developed against a gametocyte antigen (1990)

Eimeria maxima gametocytes contain two major antigens with molecular masses of 56 and 82 kilodaltons (kDa) which are recognized by convalescent sera from immune chickens. Preparations enriched in these two antigens were used to immunize mice, and several monoclonal antibodies which specifically reacted with the 56-kDa antigen were produced. One of these monoclonal antibodies of the immunoglobulin M subclass, along with immune chicken sera raised against affinity-purified 56- and 82-kDa antigens, was used to passively immunize chicks. On the basis of the parameter of total oocyst output, it was found that these antibodies provided partial protection (40 to 50% inhibition) against E. maxima challenge infections.
Epitaxial structures with alternate-atomic-layer composition modulation (1976)

Epitaxial structures grown by alternate monolayer depositions of GaAs and AlAs are reported. As many as 104 alternate (100) layers of GaAs and AlAs as thin as 1.0±0.1 and 1.0±0.1 monolayers, respectively, were deposited by sequential molecular beam epitaxial growth on a (100)GaAs substrate. Transmission electron microscopy showed the resultant films to be perfectly epitaxial with layered composition modulation of the expected periodicity. Their electronic properties were studied by optical absorption and luminescence.
Toonsynth (2018)

We present a new example-based approach for synthesizing hand-colored cartoon animations. Our method produces results that preserve the specific visual appearance and stylized motion of manually authored animations without requiring artists to draw every frame from scratch. In our framework, the artist first stylizes a limited set of known source skeletal animations from which we extract a style-aware puppet that encodes the appearance and motion characteristics of the artwork. Given a new target skeletal motion, our method automatically transfers the style from the source examples to create a hand-colored target animation. Compared to previous work, our technique is the first to preserve both the detailed visual appearance and stylized motion of the original hand-drawn content. Our approach has numerous practical applications including traditional animation production and content creation for games.
Gaussian Ranking by Matrix Factorization (2015)

The ranking quality at the top of the list is crucial in many real-world applications of recommender systems. In this paper, we present a novel framework that allows for pointwise as well as listwise training with respect to various ranking metrics. This is based on a training objective function where we assume that, for given a user, the recommender system predicts scores for all items that follow approximately a Gaussian distribution. We motivate this assumption from the properties of implicit feedback data. As a model, we use matrix factorization and extend it by non-linear activation functions, as customary in the literature of artificial neural networks. In particular, we use non-linear activation functions derived from our Gaussian assumption. Our preliminary experimental results show that this approach is competitive with state-of-the-art methods with respect to optimizing the Area under the ROC curve, while it is particularly effective in optimizing the head of the ranked list.
Cyst fluid iron-related compounds as useful markers to distinguish malignant transformation from benign endometriotic cysts (2015)

We conclude for the first time that iron-related compounds are important biomarkers that can predict malignant transformation with high sensitivity and specificity for women with endometriosis.
[Familial hemiplegic migraine. Localization of a responsible gene on chromosome 19]. (1994)

Familial hemiplegic migraine is an autosomal dominant disorder of unknown pathogenesis in which the migrainous attacks are marked by the occurrence of a transient hemiplegia during the aura. The aim of our study was the identification of the affected gene. The first step was the chromosomal mapping of the affected gene, for which we used a "candidate gene" strategy. The first candidate gene was the gene responsible for CADASIL. While investigating CADASIL, mapped previously to chromosome 19, we observed that some patients had recurrent attacks of migraine with aura. Although the clinical and neuroimaging features of familial hemiplegic migraine differ markedly from CADASIL, we hypothesized that the same gene could be involved in the pathogenesis of both conditions. We chose two large pedigrees for linkage analysis of familial hemiplegic migraine. A maximum lodsore > 8 was found with two markers that are strongly linked to CADASIL. Multilocus linkage analysis located the affected gene within an interval of about 30 cM on chromosome 19, containing the gene responsible for CADASIL. At this step it's not possible to conclude that CADASIL and familial hemiplegic migraine are due to the same mutated gene. It will be necessary to analyse other familial hemiplegic migraine and CADASIL families in order to reduce the size of their respective interval and ultimately identify the mutated gene(s).
<title>Tissue diagnostics by depth profiling of optical characteristics using broadband fiber optic interferometry</title> (1996)

A broadband interferometer is used to acquire scattered light as a function of depth in biological media. The `tissue-light-signature' that is obtained by this depth scan can be correlated with the computer simulated light distributions for well defined tissue parameters, and wavelengths of specific interest. In theory, the collimated irradiation of heart tissue, by low coherence light will generate a statistically significant different light signature for respective myocardial tissues, and pathological tissue conditions. Interferometric axial scanning of in vitro myocardial tissues confirmed the statistically significant difference between normal, coagulated myocardium, and aneurysm at the 790 nm wavelength. The scanning depth however is presented limited by the intensity of the illumination and the choice of detection scheme. Identification of the local optical characteristics as a function of depth directly underneath the target zone will provide discrimination between healthy and pathological conditions in addition to real time assessment of laser dosimetry. Theoretically the scanning depth is limited to a maximum of 4 mm. The beam profile of the irradiation source significantly affects the ability to distinguish between certain tissues. Broadband interferometric axial tissue scanning, will provide a tool for an accurate light energy delivery guided by the desired outcome, while being able to verify the appropriate target location, in real time.
Hydrogen bonded complexes. 3. Some anomalous acid salts of dibasic acids (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen bonded complexes. 3. Some anomalous acid salts of dibasic acidsJohn E. Barry, Manuel Finkelstein, and Sidney D. RossCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 1, 64–68Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00340a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00340a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A survey on localization techniques for wireless networks (2006)

Abstract Wireless networks have displaced the well established and widely deployed wired communication networks of the past. Tetherless access and new services offered to mobile users contribute to the popularity of these networks. Thus users have access from many locations and can roam ubiquitously. The knowledge of the physical location of mobile user devices, such as phones, laptops and PDAs, is important in several applications such as network planning, location based services, law enforcement and for improving network performance. A device's location is usually estimated by monitoring a distance dependent parameter such as wireless signal strength from a base station whose location is known. In practical deployments, signal strength varies with time and its relationship to distance is not well defined. This makes location estimation difficult. Many location estimation or localization schemes have been proposed for networks adopting a variety of wireless technologies. This paper reviews a broad class of localization schemes that are differentiated by the fundamental techniques adopted for distance estimation, indoor vs. outdoor environments, relative cost and accuracy of the resulting estimates and ease of deployment. The paper exposes many challenges that remain and elaborates on several future research problems that need to be solved. Key words: location estimationsurveylocalization factorslocalization classificationinfrastructure networkad hoc networksensor network Notes Corresponding author. (Email: pagrawal@eng.auburn.edu)
Comparison of theoretical and empirical statistics of wind measurements with validation lidar (VALIDAR) (2008)

This paper presents the comparison study of the theoretical and the empirical Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) of wind parameter estimates from a 2-μm wavelength coherent Doppler lidar system called VALIDAR located in NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia. The statistical behavior of Doppler shift (DS) estimates in particular is of interest. The estimates are commonly modeled as single-modal Gaussian random variables and this study is based on such convention. The empirical statistics of DS estimates are estimated from a large amount of sample data in order to obtain meaningful statistical moments. The impact of the new nonlinear adaptive Doppler-shift estimation technique known as NADSET is also briefly presented in terms of the statistics of wind parameter estimates.
Lithium Intercalation in Anatase Titanium Vacancies and the Role of Local Anionic Environment (2018)

The structure of bulk and nondefective compounds is generally described with crystal models built from well mastered techniques such the analysis of an X-ray diffractogram. The presence of defects, such as cationic vacancies, locally disrupt the long-range order, with the appearance of local structures with order extending only a few nanometers. To probe and describe the electrochemical properties of cation-deficient anatase, we investigated a series of materials having different concentrations of vacancies, i.e., Ti1–x–y□x+yO2–4(x+y)F4x(OH)4y, and compared their properties with respect to defect-free stoichiometric anatase TiO2. At first, we characterized the series of materials Ti1–x–y□x+yO2–4(x+y)F4x(OH)4y by means of pair distribution function (PDF), 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, to probe the compositional and structural features. Second, we characterized the insertion electrochemical properties vs metallic lithium where we emphasized the beneficial role of the vacancies on the cyclability of the electrode under high C-rate, with performances scaling with the concentration of vacancies. The improved properties were explained by the change of the lithium insertion mechanism due to the presence of the vacancies, which act as host sites and suppress the phase transition typically observed in pure TiO2, and further favor diffusive transport of lithium within the structure. NMR spectroscopy performed on lithiated samples provides evidence for the insertion of lithium in vacancies. By combining electrochemistry and DFT-calculations, we characterized the electrochemical signatures of the lithium insertion in the vacancies. Importantly, we found that the insertion voltage largely depends on the local anionic environment of the vacancy with a fluoride and hydroxide-rich environments, yielding high and low insertion voltages, respectively. This work further supports the beneficial use of defects engineering in electrodes for batteries and provides new fundamental knowledge in the insertion chemistry of cationic vacancies as host sites.
Synthesis of [.sup.13C] and [.sup.2H] substituted methacrylic acid, [.sup.13C] and [.sup.2H] substituted methyl methacrylate and/or related compounds (2008)

The present invention is directed to labeled compounds of the formulae ##STR00001## wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of --S--, --S(.dbd.O)--, and --S(.dbd.O).sub.2--, Z is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure ##STR00002## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a halogen, and an amino group selected from the group consisting of NH.sub.2, NHR and NRR' where R and R' are each independently selected from the group consisting of a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 lower alkyl, an aryl, and an alkoxy group, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 lower alkyl group, and a fully-deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.4 lower alkyl group. The present invention is also directed to a process of preparing labeled compounds, e.g., process of preparing [.sup.13C]methacrylic acid by reacting a (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2O--.sup.13C(O)--.sup.13CH.sub.2)-- aryl sulfone precursor with .sup.13CHI to form a (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2O--.sup.13C(O)--.sup.13C(.sup.13CH.sub.3).sub.2)-- aryl sulfone intermediate, and, reacting the (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2O--.sup.13C(O)--.sup.13C(.sup.13CH.sub.3).sub.2)-- aryl sulfone intermediate with sodium hydroxide, followed by acid to form [.sup.13C]methacrylic acid. The present invention is further directed to a process of preparing [.sup.2H.sub.8]methyl methacrylate by reacting a (HOOC--C(C.sup.2H.sub.3).sub.2-- aryl sulfinyl intermediate with CD.sub.3I to form a (.sup.2H.sub.3COOC--C(C.sup.2H.sub.3).sub.2)-- aryl sulfinyl intermediate, and heating the(.sup.2H.sub.3COOC--C(C.sup.2H.sub.3).sub.2)-- aryl sulfinyl intermediate at temperatures and for time sufficient to form [.sup.2H.sub.8]methyl methacrylate.