gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembled TEMPO Cellulose Nanofibers: Graphene Oxide-Based Biohybrids for Water Purification (2017)

Nanocellulose, graphene oxide (GO), and their combinations there off have attracted great attention for the application of water purification recently because of their unique adsorption capacity, mechanical characteristics, coordination with transition metal ions, surface charge density, and so on. In the current study, (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxylradical) (TEMPO)-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) and GO sheets or graphene oxide nanocolloid (nanoGO) biohybrids were prepared by vacuum filtration method to obtain self-assembled adsorbents and membranes for water purification. The porous biohybrid structure, studied using advanced microscopy techniques, revealed a unique networking and self-assembling of TOCNF, GO, and nanoGO, driven by the morphology of the GO phase and stabilized by the intermolecular H-bonding between carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups. The biohybrids exhibited a promising adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) due to TOCNF and formed a unique "arrested state" in water because of ionic cross-linking between adsorbed Cu(II) and the negatively charged TOCNF and GO phase. The mechanical performance of the freestanding biohybrid membranes investigated using PeakForce Quantative NanoMechanics characterization confirmed the enhanced modulus of the hybrid membrane compared to that of the TOCNF membrane. Besides, the TOCNF+nanoGO membrane shows unique hydrolytic stability and recyclability even under several cycles of adsorption and desorption and strong sonication. This study shows that TOCNF and nanoGO hybrids can generate new water-cleaning membranes with synergistic properties because of their high adsorption capacity, flexibility, hydrolytic stability, and mechanical robustness.
A 4R2W register file for a 2.3GHz wire-speed POWER&#x2122; processor with double-pumped write operation (2011)

In multi-ported register files, memory cell size grows quadratically with the total number of ports due to wordline and bitline wiring. Reducing the number of physical access ports in a memory cell can thus lead to significant area and power savings as well as latency improvement. Double-pumped register files operate access ports twice in a single clock period to reduce area by halving the number of physical ports in the memory cell-a technique often confined to low-frequency applications. Replication of a memory cell in separate arrays halves the number of physical read ports in each copy. In this work, double-pumped write ports and replicated read ports are applied to a 4R2W register file in a high performance microprocessor product. This paper describes detailed implementation and measured hardware characteristics of this array and demonstrates a fast error correction scheme. The techniques used balance high efficiency and low latency and thus differ from previous work, in which double pumped ports perform a write followed by a read in a very large register file or where write ports are double-pumped without cell-level read port reduction.
CD4 T-Cell Exhaustion: Does It Exist and What Are Its Roles in Cancer? (2021)

In chronic infections and in cancer, persistent antigen stimulation under suboptimal conditions can lead to the induction of T-cell exhaustion. Exhausted T cells are characterized by an increased expression of inhibitory markers and a progressive and hierarchical loss of function. Although cancer-induced exhaustion in CD8 T cells has been well-characterized and identified as a therapeutic target (i.e., via checkpoint inhibition), in-depth analyses of exhaustion in other immune cell types, including CD4 T cells, is wanting. While perhaps attributable to the contextual discovery of exhaustion amidst chronic viral infection, the lack of thorough inquiry into CD4 T-cell exhaustion is particularly surprising given their important role in orchestrating immune responses through T-helper and direct cytotoxic functions. Current work suggests that CD4 T-cell exhaustion may indeed be prevalent, and as CD4 T cells have been implicated in various disease pathologies, such exhaustion is likely to be clinically relevant. Defining phenotypic exhaustion in the various CD4 T-cell subsets and how it influences immune responses and disease severity will be crucial to understanding collective immune dysfunction in a variety of pathologies. In this review, we will discuss mechanistic and clinical evidence for CD4 T-cell exhaustion in cancer. Further insight into the derivation and manifestation of exhaustive processes in CD4 T cells could reveal novel therapeutic targets to abrogate CD4 T-cell exhaustion in cancer and induce a robust antitumor immune response.
Phosphate transporters from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (1996)

Two cDNAs (AtPT1 and AtPT2) encoding plant phosphate transporters have been isolated from a library prepared with mRNA extracted from phosphate-starved Arabidopsis thaliana roots, The encoded polypeptides are 78% identical to each other and show high degree of amino acid sequence similarity with high-affinity phosphate transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, and the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme. The AtPT1 and AtPT2 polypeptides are integral membrane proteins predicted to contain 12 membrane-spanning domains separated into two groups of six by a large charged hydrophilic region. Upon expression, both AtPT1 and AtPT2 were able to complement the pho84 mutant phenotype of yeast strain NS219 lacking the high-affinity phosphate transport activity. AtPT1 and AtPT2 are representatives of two distinct, small gene families in A. thaliana. The transcripts of both genes are expressed in roots and are not detectable in leaves. The steady-state level of their mRNAs increases in response to phosphate starvation.
Iodine-125-MIBG to treat neuroblastoma: preliminary report. (1990)

Three children with Stage III neuroblastoma were treated with [125I]MIBG in a phase I toxicity study. Concepts of the treatment were: in small tumors, the absorbed dose of radiation from MIBG labeled with 131I is reduced but the absorbed dose from [125I]MIBG is less affected; and many recurrences of neuroblastoma arise from small tumors. Two patients exhibited only modest thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, the most sensitive indices of radiation toxicity, after receiving 261 and 407 mCi, and 83 and 104 rad of whole-body radiation. One patient died of progressive neuroblastoma; the other two patients have stable disease over 30 mo after treatment. Per millicurie given, [125I]MIBG imparts about one-fourth the radiation dose of [131I]MIBG to the whole body. Iodine-125-MIBG can be given in doses that impart over 100 rad of whole-body radiation and that exceed 400 mCi before toxicity becomes limiting, even in small children.
Optisch aktive Bipyridine in der asymmetrischen Katalyse (1990)

Ein vielversprechender Katalysator ist das Bipyridinderivat 1. Es wurde durch asymmetrische Synthese erhalten, ist optisch aktiv und beschleunigt die Addition von Diethylzink an Aldehyde. Diese Reaktion verläuft mit guten Ausbeuten und mit hoher asymmetrischer Induktion (bis 97% ee ). magnified image
Technology evaluation: AAV factor IX gene therapy, Avigen Inc. (2000)

Avigen has developed a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector expressing human blood-coagulation Factor IX (F.IX) for the potential treatment of hemophilia B. In a phase I clinical trial being conducted at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Stanford University Medical Center, the vector, AAV-CMV-hF.IX (Coagulin-B), was injected at a low dose into three patients with severe hemophilia B. No evidence of toxicity, germline transmission of vector sequences, or formation of inhibitory antibodies against F.IX was observed, and in two of the three patients there was an indication of a modest clinical response.
Pilot Study Comparing the Diffusion of Two Formulations of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Patients with Forehead Hyperhidrosis (2007)

BACKGROUND Different formulations of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) may have different diffusion characteristics. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the diffusion characteristics of two formulations of BoNTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 patients with forehead hyperhidrosis received four injections of BoNTA in their forehead (one medial and lateral injection of one formulation randomly assigned to one forehead side, one medial and lateral injection of the other formulation to the other forehead side). Patients received 3 U/injection of BoNTA1 (BOTOX, Allergan, Inc.) and were randomly assigned to receive BoNTA2 (Dysport, Ipsen Ltd.) at a dose ratio of 1:2.5, 1:3, or 1:4. The area of anhidrosis was highlighted using iodine and starch and determined by software from standardized photography. RESULTS During the 6 months after treatment, the area of anhidrosis was larger with BoNTA2 in 93% (195/210) of medial-medial or lateral-lateral comparisons of the two products and at all dose ratios. The smaller area of anhidrosis with BoNTA1 did not compromise its efficacy in inhibiting contraction of frontalis muscle. CONCLUSION BoNTA2 has a greater area of diffusion in the forehead than BoNTA1, even with identical injection volumes. This may hinder accurate localization of clinical effect, thereby increasing the potential for adverse effects.
Ablation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase α2 Activity Exacerbates Insulin Resistance Induced by High-Fat Feeding of Mice (2008)

The lack of skeletal muscle AMPK alpha2 activity exacerbates the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance caused by high-fat feeding and supports the thesis that AMPK alpha2 is an important target for the prevention/amelioration of skeletal muscle insulin resistance through lifestyle (exercise) and pharmacologic (e.g., metformin) treatments.
Recycling of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate): Identification of Glycolysis Products (2000)

PET wastes were depolymerized by glycolysis at different weight ratios of propylene glycol at 200°C and in the presence of zinc acetate as catalyst. The glycolyzed products were identified by GPC, IR and MS techniques. It was found that the glycolyzed products consisted mainly of dimer and trimer of bis-hydroxy propyl terephthalate and no monomer was detected. It was clear that the dimer/trimer ratio increased with increasing ratio of PG from 40-60 wt%, indicating more extent of depolymerization.
On the Importance of Purification of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (2012)

Ion exchange is commonly employed for purification of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS), a molecule widely used as a model polyelectrolyte. However, the present work demonstrates that the ion exchange process itself may introduce some extraneous species into NaPSS samples by two possible mechanisms: (i) chemical transformation of polystyrene sulfonic acid (HPSS), a relatively unstable intermediate formed during ion exchange and (ii) release of small amount of “condensed” acid from cationic resins during the elution of NaPSS molecules. Based on these observations, it is proposed that simple dialysis is adopted as a standard protocol for the purification of primary NaPSS sample.
Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Decline in Kidney Function in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (2019)

suPAR levels were associated with progressive decline in renal function and incident ESRD in patients with ADPKD, and may aid early identification of patients at high risk of disease progression.
A Performance Model for GPUs with Caches (2014)

To exploit the abundant computational power of the world's fastest supercomputers, an even workload distribution to the typically heterogeneous compute devices is necessary. While relatively accurate performance models exist for conventional CPUs, accurate performance estimation models for modern GPUs do not exist. This paper presents two accurate models for modern GPUs: a sampling-based linear model, and a model based on machine-learning (ML) techniques which improves the accuracy of the linear model and is applicable to modern GPUs with and without caches. We first construct the sampling-based linear model to predict the runtime of an arbitrary OpenCL kernel. Based on an analysis of NVIDIA GPUs' scheduling policies we determine the earliest sampling points that allow an accurate estimation. The linear model cannot capture well the significant effects that memory coalescing or caching as implemented in modern GPUs have on performance. We therefore propose a model based on ML techniques that takes several compiler-generated statistics about the kernel as well as the GPU's hardware performance counters as additional inputs to obtain a more accurate runtime performance estimation for modern GPUs. We demonstrate the effectiveness and broad applicability of the model by applying it to three different NVIDIA GPU architectures and one AMD GPU architecture. On an extensive set of OpenCL benchmarks, on average, the proposed model estimates the runtime performance with less than 7 percent error for a second-generation GTX 280 with no on-chip caches and less than 5 percent for the Fermi-based GTX 580 with hardware caches. On the Kepler-based GTX 680, the linear model has an error of less than 10 percent. On an AMD GPU architecture, Radeon HD 6970, the model estimates with 8 percent of error rates. The proposed technique outperforms existing models by a factor of 5 to 6 in terms of accuracy.
Characterization of a Phosphate Binding Domain on the α-Subunit of Chloroplast ATP Synthase Using the Photoaffinity Phosphate Analogue 4-Azido-2-nitrophenyl Phosphate (2000)

The photoaffinity phosphate analogue 4-azido-2 nitrophenyl phosphate (ANPP) was shown previously (Pougeois, R., Lauquin, G. J.-M., and Vignais, P. V. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1241-1245) to bind covalently and specifically to a single catalytic site on one of the three beta-subunits of the isolated chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF(1)). Modification by ANPP strongly inhibited ATP hydrolysis activity. In this study, we examined labeling of membrane-bound CF(1) by ANPP by exposing thylakoid membranes to increasing concentrations of the reagent. ANPP exhibited saturable binding to two sites on CF(1), one on the beta-subunit and one on the alpha-subunit. Labeling by ANPP resulted in the complete inhibition of both ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis by the membrane-bound enzyme. Labeling of both sites by ANPP was reduced by more than 80% in the presence of P(i) (> or = 10 mM) and ATP (> or = 0.5 mM). ADP was less effective in competing with ANPP for binding, giving a maximum of approximately 35% inhibition at concentrations > or = 2 mM. ANPP-labeled tryptic peptides of the alpha-subunit were isolated and sequenced. The majority of the probe was contained in three peptides corresponding to residues Gln(173) to Arg(216), Gly(217) to Arg(253), and His(256) to Arg(272) of the alpha-subunit. In the mitochondrial F(1) (Abrahams, J. P., Leslie, A. G. W., Lutter, R., and Walker, J. E. (1994) Nature 370, 621-628), all three analogous peptides are located within the nucleotide binding pocket and within close proximity to the gamma-phosphate binding site. The data indicate, however, that the azidophenyl group of bound ANPP is oriented at approximately 180 degrees in the opposite direction to the adenine binding site with reference to the phosphate binding site on the alpha-subunit. The study has confirmed that ANPP is a bona fide phosphate analogue and suggests that it specifically targets the gamma-phosphate binding site within the nucleotide binding pockets on the alpha- and beta-subunits of CF(1). The study also indicates that in the resting state of the chloroplast F(1)-F(0) complex both the alpha- and beta-subunits are structurally asymmetric.
Joint Time and Frequency Estimation for Multicarrier Transmission with Frequency Diversity (2006)

This letter proposes non-pilot-aided symbol timing and carrier frequency estimation methods in a multicarrier transmission system. To do this, multicarrier system uses a frequency diversity scheme over two consecutive data symbols with the combination of a cyclic time shift. Using the multicarrier signal equipped with frequency diversity, however, time and frequency are accurately estimated without any training symbol.
Contribution of Impaired Mitochondrial Autophagy to Cardiac Aging (2012)

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease increases with advancing age. Although long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, intrinsic cardiac aging enhances the susceptibility to developing heart pathologies in late life. The progressive decline of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function is considered a major mechanism underlying heart senescence. Damaged mitochondria not only produce less ATP but also generate increased amounts of reactive oxygen species and display a greater propensity to trigger apoptosis. Given the postmitotic nature of cardiomyocytes, the efficient removal of dysfunctional mitochondria is critical for the maintenance of cell homeostasis, because damaged organelles cannot be diluted by cell proliferation. The only known mechanism whereby mitochondria are turned over is through macroautophagy. The efficiency of this process declines with advancing age, which may play a critical role in heart senescence and age-related cardiovascular disease. The present review illustrates the putative mechanisms whereby alterations in the autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria intervene in the process of cardiac aging and in the pathogenesis of specific heart diseases that are especially prevalent in late life (eg, left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and diabetic cardiomyopathy). Interventions proposed to counteract cardiac aging through improvements in macroautophagy (eg, calorie restriction and calorie restriction mimetics) are also presented.
Single-output-sensor on-chip integrated MPPT for PV solar system power management (2014)

This paper presents the design and HSPICE simulation results of an on-chip integrated Single-OutputSensor Maximum Power Point Tracking (SOS MPPT) PV solar system architecture. The cell-level on-chip integrated analog SOS MPPT circuit is designed to track the maximum power point of PV system under different conditions including changes in irradiation levels. The MPPT circuit is implemented using 0.35μm CMOS technology. Results are presented for a two PV solar cells connected in series and exposed to different solar irradiation levels, which show the ability of each cell to extract its MPP. The proposed cell-level integrated system is a step forward to overcome the effects of mismatches and/or partial shading phenomena in PV solar systems which affects efficiency. In addition, the system cost is reduced as a result of using one MPPT controller with only one sensor for N-cell PV solar system with cell-level MPPT control.
Surfing the money tides: Understanding the foreign exchange market through metaphors (2004)

This study describes metaphorical conceptualizations of the foreign exchange market held by market participants and examines how these metaphors socially construct the financial market. Findings are based on 55 semi-structured interviews with senior foreign exchange experts at banks and at financial news providers in Europe. We analysed interview transcripts by metaphor analysis, a method based on cognitive linguistics. Results indicate that market participants' understanding of financial markets revolves around seven metaphors, namely the market as a bazaar, as a machine, as gambling, as sports, as war, as a living being and as an ocean. Each of these metaphors highlights and conceals certain aspects of the foreign exchange market and entails a different set of implications on crucial market dimensions, such as the role of other market participants and market predictability. A correspondence analysis supports our assumption that metaphorical thinking corresponds with implicit assumptions about market predictability. A comparison of deliberately generated and implicitly used metaphors reveals notable differences. In particular, implicit metaphors are predominantly organic rather than mechanical. In contrast to academic models, interactive and organic metaphors, and not the machine metaphor, dominate the market accounts of participants.
Concise Performance Analysis of Maximal Ratio Combining with Transmit Antenna Selection in Nakagami-m Fading Channels (2011)

This letter presents structurally simpler symbol error rate (SER) expressions for Transmit Antenna Selection/Maximal-Ratio Combining (TAS/MRC) scheme in independent Nakagami-m fading channels in a comparison with those in the literature. First, the SER is derived as a single infinite series of simple functions for arbitrary m. For integer m, the SER can be attained as a closed-form expression with a double finite series. Moreover, simple asymptotic SER expressions suggest that the TAS/MRC scheme can achieve a full diversity order at high SNR. Numerical and simulation results verify the conciseness of the derived expressions.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIAZAFLAVONES (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Dihydroxy‐nicotinsäureester (I) wird über den Dichlor‐ und den 4‐Ethoxy‐6‐chlor‐ester der 4‐Ethoxy‐ester (II) dargestellt und über das Diketon (III) in das (auch direkt durch Umsetzen von Nicotinsäureethylester mit 4‐Ethoxy‐3‐acetyl‐pyridin in 52%iger Ausbeute erhältliche) Diazaflavon (IV) übergeführt.
Compiler-directed scratchpad memory management via graph coloring (2009)

Scratchpad memory (SPM), a fast on-chip SRAM managed by software, is widely used in embedded systems. This article introduces a general-purpose compiler approach, called memory coloring, to assign static data aggregates, such as arrays and structs, in a program to an SPM. The novelty of this approach lies in partitioning the SPM into a pseudo--register file (with interchangeable and aliased registers), splitting the live ranges of data aggregates to create potential data transfer statements between SPM and off-chip memory, and finally, adapting an existing graph coloring algorithm for register allocation to assign the data aggregates to the pseudo--register file. Our experimental results using a set of 10 C benchmarks from MediaBench and MiBench show that our methodology is capable of managing SPMs efficiently and effectively for large embedded applications. In addition, our SPM allocator can obtain close to optimal solutions when evaluated and compared against an existing heuristics-based SPM allocator and an ILP-based SPM allocator.
Highly sensitive fusion detection using plasma cell‐free RNA in non‐small‐cell lung cancers (2021)

ALK, ROS1, and RET kinase fusions are important predictive biomarkers of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provides a noninvasive method to identify gene changes in tumor cells. The present study sought to use cfRNA and cfDNA for identifying fusion genes. A reliable protocol was established to detect fusion genes using cfRNA and assessed the analytical validity and clinical usefulness in 30 samples from 20 cases of fusion-positive NSCLC. The results of cfRNA-based assays were compared with tissue biopsy and cfDNA-based liquid biopsy (Guardant360 plasma next-generation sequencing [NGS] assay). The overall sensitivity of the cfRNA-based assay was 26.7% (8/30) and that of cfDNA-based assay was 16.7% (3/18). When analysis was limited to the samples collected at chemo-naïve or progressive disease status and available for both assays, the sensitivity of the cfRNA-based assay was 77.8% (7/9) and that of cfDNA-based assay was 33.3% (3/9). Fusion gene identification in cfRNA was correlated with treatment response. These results suggest that the proposed cfRNA assay is a useful diagnostic test for patients with insufficient tissues to facilitate effective administration of first-line treatment and is a useful tool to monitor the progression of NSCLC for consideration of second-line treatments.
Appropriate sagittal femoral component alignment cannot be ensured by intramedullary alignment rods (2015)

Diagnostic study, Level II.