gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Formation of Silver Nanowires (2009)

Down to the wire: A simple and effective method to synthesize silver nanowires through an ionic-liquid-assisted polyol process is developed (see scheme; scale bar=5 nm). The ionic liquids are tuned to provide the anisotropic growth of silver nanoparticles into nanowires.
Acoustic Features for the Identification of Coronary Artery Disease (2015)

The result confirms that there is a potential in heart sounds for the diagnosis of CAD, but that further improvements are necessary to gain clinical relevance.
Biomedical sensing and imaging for the anterior segment of the eye (2015)

Eye is an optical system composed briefly of cornea, lens, and retina. Ophthalmologists can diagnose status of patient’s eye from information provided by optical sensors or images as well as from history taking or physical examinations. Recently, we developed a prototype of optical coherence tomography (OCT) image guided femtosecond laser cataract surgery system. The system combined a swept-source OCT and a femtosecond (fs) laser and afford the 2D and 3D structure information to increase the efficiency and safety of the cataract procedure. The OCT imaging range was extended to achieve the 3D image from the cornea to lens posterior. A prototype of OCT image guided fs laser cataract surgery system. The surgeons can plan the laser illumination range for the nuclear division and segmentation, and monitor the whole cataract surgery procedure using the real time OCT. The surgery system was demonstrated with an extracted pig eye and in vivo rabbit eye to verify the system performance and stability.
Imaging performance of mercuric iodide polycrystalline films (2004)

Mercuric iodide (HgI/sub 2/) polycrystalline films have great potential as direct-conversion X-ray detectors for digital X-ray imaging. We have optimized a sublimation-based film growth process to create uniform films up to 6.5 /spl times/ 6.5 cm/sup 2/ with very small (<25 /spl mu/m) grain sizes on the readout side of the film. The growth techniques used can be easily extended to produce much larger film areas (>25 cm /spl times/ 25 cm). Films grown on glass substrates uniformly coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) show low dark current and high sensitivity at low bias voltages: dark current of about 0.5 nA/cm/sup 2/ and corresponding X-ray response of about 20 /spl mu/C/R cm/sup 2/ (bias 0.1 V//spl mu/m, X-ray tube settings 10 mA and 70 kVp, 2-mm Al filter). Additionally, films grown on patterned ITO on glass substrates showed a similar performance for pixel sizes of 10.2 to 4 mm/sup 2/. The imaging performance results of a film grown directly on a 6.5 /spl times/ 6.5 (cm/sup 2/) thin-film transistor array with 127 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 127 /spl mu/m pixels are presented.
Efficient Lattice Boltzmann Solver for Patient-Specific Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Tumors (2015)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an established treatment for liver cancer when resection is not possible. Yet, its optimal delivery is challenged by the presence of large blood vessels and the time-varying thermal conductivity of biological tissue. Incomplete treatment and an increased risk of recurrence are therefore common. A tool that would enable the accurate planning of RFA is hence necessary. This manuscript describes a new method to compute the extent of ablation required based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and patient-specific, pre-operative images. A detailed anatomical model of the liver is obtained from volumetric images. Then a computational model of heat diffusion, cellular necrosis, and blood flow through the vessels and liver is employed to compute the extent of ablated tissue given the probe location, ablation duration and biological parameters. The model was verified against an analytical solution, showing good fidelity. We also evaluated the predictive power of the proposed framework on ten patients who underwent RFA, for whom pre- and post-operative images were available. Comparisons between the computed ablation extent and ground truth, as observed in postoperative images, were promising (DICE index: 42%, sensitivity: 67%, positive predictive value: 38%). The importance of considering liver perfusion while simulating electrical-heating ablation was also highlighted. Implemented on graphics processing units (GPU), our method simulates 1 minute of ablation in 1.14 minutes, allowing near real-time computation.
Three different mutations in codon 61 of the human N-<i>ras</i>gene detected by synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization (1984)

The activation of ras genes in naturally occurring tumors has, thus far, been found to be due to mutations in codon 12 or 61 resulting in single amino acid substitutions. We have used highly labeled synthetic oligonucleotides to detect mutations in these codons and to determine the exact position of the mutation. Using this approach we have found three different mutations in codon 61 of the N-ras gene of various human tumor cell lines. In the fibrosarcoma line HT1080 the first nucleotide of the codon is mutated; in the promyelocytic line HL60 the second and in the rhabdomyosarcoma line RD301 the third nucleotide. For RD301 this implies that the normal glutamine residue at position 61 is replaced by histidine. In addition to the mutated N-ras gene the three cell lines have a normal N-ras gene which is indicative of the dominant character of the mutations.
Stress-relieved magnetoelastic amorphous metal DC magnetometer (1987)

Reduction in the low-frequency stress-induced noise has improved the performance of a magnetoelastic amorphous metal fluxgate magnetometer by a factor of 20. This is accomplished by utilising a viscous fluid interface between the ribbon and its support structure. A minimum detectable field of 120pT/√Hz is demonstrated.
Structured Penalties for Log-Linear Language Models (2013)

Language models can be formalized as loglinear regression models where the input features represent previously observed contexts up to a certain length m.The complexity of existing algorithms to learn the parameters by maximum likelihood scale linearly in nd, where n is the length of the training corpus and d is the number of observed features.We present a model that grows logarithmically in d, making it possible to efficiently leverage longer contexts.We account for the sequential structure of natural language using treestructured penalized objectives to avoid overfitting and achieve better generalization.
A Specific Mixture of Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V Facilitates Partial Non-Responsiveness to Whey Protein in Mice Orally Exposed to β-Lactoglobulin-Derived Peptides (2017)

Oral tolerance is a promising approach for allergy prevention in early life, but it strongly depends on allergen exposure and proper immune environment. Small tolerance-inducing peptides and dietary immunomodulatory components may comprise an attractive method for allergy prevention in at-risk infants. This study aimed to investigate whether early oral exposure to β-lactoglobulin-derived peptides (BLG-peptides) and a specific synbiotic mixture of short- and long- chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS/lcFOS, FF) and <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> (<i>Bb</i>) M-16V (FF/<i>Bb</i>) can prevent cow's milk allergy (CMA). Three-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were orally exposed to phosphate buffered saline (PBS), whey protein, or a mixture of four synthetic BLG-peptides combined with a FF/<i>Bb</i>-enriched diet prior to intragastric sensitization with whey protein and cholera toxin. To assess the acute allergic skin response and clinical signs of allergy, mice were challenged intradermally with whole whey protein. Serum immunoglobulins were analyzed after a whey protein oral challenge. Cytokine production by allergen-reactivated splenocytes was measured and changes in T cells subsets in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and intestinal lamina propria were investigated. Pre-exposing mice to a low dosage of BLG-peptides and a FF/<i>Bb-</i>enriched diet prior to whey protein sensitization resulted in a significant reduction of the acute allergic skin response to whey compared to PBS-pretreated mice fed a control diet. Serum immunoglobulins were not affected, but anaphylactic symptom scores remained low and splenocytes were non-responsive in whey-induced cytokine production. In addition, preservation of the T<sub>h</sub>1/T<sub>h</sub>2 balance in the small intestine lamina propria was a hallmark of the mechanism underlying the protective effect of the BLG-peptides-FF/<i>Bb</i> intervention. Prior exposure to BLG-peptides and a FF/<i>Bb</i>-enriched diet is a promising approach for protecting the intestinal T<sub>h</sub>1/T<sub>h</sub>2 balance and reducing the allergic response to whole whey protein. Therefore, it might have implications for developing successful nutritional strategies for CMA prevention.
Natural (−)‐Vasicine as a Novel Source of Optically Pure 1‐Benzylpyrrolidin‐3‐ol (2013)

Abstract A facile and scalable methodology for the preparation of optically active (3 S )‐1‐benzylpyrrolidin‐3‐ol ( 3 ), an important drug precursor, is reported. Starting from the naturally occurring alkaloid (−)‐vasicine ( 1 ), a major alkaloid of the plant Adhatoda vasica , 3 was obtained in 84% overall yield ( Scheme 3 ).
<title>Advances In Fiber Optic Based Acoustic Sensors</title> (1982)

Acoustic sensors based on optical principles have the advantage that they are compatible with fiber optic transmission lines. Although extensive progress in the development of the optical sensors employing Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometry has been achieved, this paper will concentrate on non-interferometric sensors which have also experienced rapid development. The most promising fiber-optic acoustic sensors will be discussed, the latest results will be presented, and comparison of these sensors with the inter-ferometric sensors will be made.
Morphology enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) from a single‐angle acquisition: Comparison with COSMOS in human brain imaging (2011)

Magnetic susceptibility varies among brain structures and provides insights into the chemical and molecular composition of brain tissues. However, the determination of an arbitrary susceptibility distribution from the measured MR signal phase is a challenging, ill-conditioned inverse problem. Although a previous method named calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling (COSMOS) has solved this inverse problem both theoretically and experimentally using multiple angle acquisitions, it is often impractical to carry out on human subjects. Recently, the feasibility of calculating the brain susceptibility distribution from a single-angle acquisition was demonstrated using morphology enabled dipole inversion (MEDI). In this study, we further improved the original MEDI method by sparsifying the edges in the quantitative susceptibility map that do not have a corresponding edge in the magnitude image. Quantitative susceptibility maps generated by the improved MEDI were compared qualitatively and quantitatively with those generated by calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling. The results show a high degree of agreement between MEDI and calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling, and the practicality of MEDI allows many potential clinical applications.
CdSe/ZnS QDs Embedded in Cellulose Triacetate Films with Hydrophilic Surfaces (2007)

Quantum dot (QD)/polymer composite films were prepared by solvent casting suspensions of CdSe/ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles in cellulose triacetate (CTA) solution. The common solubilities of the organic ligands capping the QDs and of the polymer permitted the direct addition of QDs into the CTA casting solution. The films were robust, with typical thicknesses of 0.05 mm, and possessed the optical properties characteristic of QDs. The emission wavelength of the QD/CTA films shifted with time but eventually reverted toward its original value. This effect was attributed to changes in humidity and solvent content of the films. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of QD/CTA films revealed that the QDs were well-dispersed within the CTA film matrix. The selective alkaline hydrolysis of QD/CTA films in 0.1 M NaOH over 24 h resulted in the surface conversion of CTA to regenerated cellulose. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were employed to study the surface composition of the films and transmission mode Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the bulk composition. Optical properties of the films were probed both before and after the hydrolysis reaction using fluorescence spectroscopy and were found generally unaltered. The cellulose surfaces of the alkaline-treated films should allow facile incorporation into paper sheets.
Sodium, Rubidium and Cesium in the Gate Oxides of SiC MOSFETs (2012)

Large group-I elements such as sodium, rubidium and cesium have recently been incorporated in the gate oxide of SiC power MOSFETs. In the case of sodium incorporation, enhanced field effect mobilities have been definitively observed. Based on density functional calculations, we find large group-I elements serve as a shallow impurities near the interface. The enhanced mobility, observed in the case of sodium, can be explained in terms of an impurity band model.
Применение треугольного систолического массива для QR-разложения комплексной матрицы (2007)

We propose a novel Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC)-based architecture of the Triangular Systolic Array for QR-Decomposition (QRD) of large-size complex matrices. The proposed architecture relies on QRD using a three angle complex rotation approach that provides significant reduction of latency (systolic operation time) and makes the QRD in such a way that the upper triangular matrix R has only real diagonal elements.
Novel Broad-Spectrum Thiourea Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors for the Prevention of Mucosal HIV Transmission (2006)

Non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) are an integral part of combination therapy comprising three classes of antiretroviral drugs for the management of HIV/AIDS. NNRTIs are chemically diverse compounds that bind to a common allosteric site of HIV-1 RT and noncompetitively inhibit DNA polymerization. Resistance to NNRTIs arises rapidly upon drug treatment and results from mutation of the amino acids lining the HIV-1 RT binding pocket. Nevertheless, rationally designed NNRTIs deduced from changes in binding pocket size, shape, and residue character that result from clinically observed NNRTI resistance mutations exhibit broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity. Notably, membrane permeable tight binding NNRTIs have utility as topical microbicides since they are capable of blocking cell-free and cell-associated mucosal HIV-1 infection without metabolic activation. This review summarizes the discovery of highly potent tight binding phenethyl-thiazolyl-thiourea (PETT) derivatives targeting the NNI binding pocket of HIV-1 RT. These NNRTIs were rationally designed by molecular docking using a composite binding pocket constructed by superimposing the crystal structure coordinate data of several NNI/RT ligand-binding site complexes. Molecular modeling and score functions such as molecular surface area, the buried surface, and binding affinity values were used to analyze how drug-resistant mutations would change the RT binding pocket shape, volume, and chemical make-up of these NNRTIs, and how these changes could affect drug binding. Several ligand derivatization sites were identified for docked compounds that fit the binding pocket. The best fit was determined by calculating an inhibition constant (Ludi Ki) of the docked compound for the composite binding pocket. Compounds with a Ludi Ki of <1 microM were identified as the most promising tight binding NNRTIs. This review highlights novel lipophilic thiourea NNRTIs that display high binding affinity and selective indices with robust anti-HIV-1 activity against the wild type as well as drug-resistant isolates carrying multiple RT gene mutations. The increasing prevalence of drug-escape mutants among recent HIV seroconverters makes the discovery of these broad-spectrum thiourea NNRTIs useful as a component of topical microbicide for the prevention of mucosal HIV transmission.
Rapid Flow-Based Peptide Synthesis (2013)

A flow-based solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology that enables the incorporation of an amino acid residue every 1.8 min under automatic control or every 3 min under manual control is described. This is accomplished by passing a stream of reagent through a heat exchanger into a low volume, low backpressure reaction vessel, and through a UV detector. These features enable continuous delivery of heated solvents and reagents to the solid support at high flow rate, thereby maintaining maximal concentration of reagents in the reaction vessel, quickly exchanging reagents, and eliminating the need to rapidly heat reagents after they have been added to the vessel. The UV detector enables continuous monitoring of the process. To demonstrate the broad applicability and reliability of this method, it was employed in the total synthesis of a small protein, as well as dozens of peptides. The quality of the material obtained with this method is comparable to that for traditional batch methods, and, in all cases, the desired material was readily purifiable by RP-HPLC. The application of this method to the synthesis of the 113-residue Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RNase and the 130-residue DARPin pE59 is described in the accompanying manuscript.
Well-Defined Amphiphilic Thermosensitive Copolymers Based on Poly(ethylene glycol monomethacrylate) and Methyl Methacrylate Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2004)

Amphiphilic homopolymers of the hydroxy-functional macromonomer poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) and its copolymers with methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Commercially available PEGMA (Aldrich) contains nonfunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), monofunctional PEGMA, and difunctional poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) in a 1:3:1 ratio as analyzed by HPLC. A solvent extraction procedure yielded a PEGMA enriched mixture (PEG:PEG-MA:PEGDMA = 5:92:3) with PEGMA Mn values of 480 and 410 Da based on HPLC and 1H NMR, respectively. ATRP homopolymerization of this purified PEGMA in the hydroxyl-bearing solvents, cyclohexanol and ethanol (ε = 16.4 and 25.3, respectively), yielded well-defined homopolymers (Mw/Mn < 1.1). On the other hand, ATRP copolymerizations with MMA (PEGMA content = 10, 18, 24, 30, and 40 mol %) yielded best results in non-hydrogen-bonding diphenyl ether (ε = 3.37). The homopolymer and copolymers containing more than 24 mol % (57 wt %) PEGMA were water-soluble and exhibited sharp lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) that increased with increasing PEGMA content as expected. Unlike similar PEGMA-based amphiphilic copolymers prepared by conventional free radical polymerizations, the ATR polymerizations reported here proceeded to high conversions (60−100%) and yielded well-defined polymers (Mw/Mn = 1.1−1.15) with no gel fraction that remained linear and water-soluble after storage in ambient conditions for several months.
Multi-resource schedulable unit for adaptive application-driven unified resource management in data centers (2015)

Applications in modern data centers have a wide variety of resource requirements along the four main dimensions of computing, memory, storage, and networking. Data centers must manage these resources separately for each dimension, resulting in highly inefficient allocation of precious resources or even disastrous schemes that contribute to low utilization or over-provisioning of resources. However, concerted efforts to jointly optimize all types of resources in the same framework appears insurmountable due to an exponentially increasing complexity linked to the thousands of fine-grained resources such as CPUs, memory blocks, disk blocks, switches, etc., which results in an astronomically large number of possible resource combinations. In this paper, we present a novel multi-resource scheduling approach that keeps the complexity to a minimum while it provides efficient resource utilization by keeping a sufficient level of granularity. Our scheme is based on the idea of defining a new finest-grain schedulable unit called multi-resource schedulable unit (MRSU) that will be used by the scheduler to allocate resources to applications in the data center. The problem of MRSU-based scheduling is modeled with an optimization problem and several solutions are proposed. Our results show a significant performance improvement of our technique over conventional static schedulers based on virtual machines (VMs) in terms of saved over-allocation and application satisfaction.
Pathological events in experimental acute pancreatitis prevented by the bradykinin antagonist, Hoe 140 (1993)

1. In a previous investigation, Hoe 140, a specific and potent bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, prevented the pancreatic oedema and the hypotension observed during acute experimental pancreatitis; however, it augmented the associated rises in the serum activities of pancreatic enzymes. Therefore, we have now investigated the consequences of the pancreatic oedema for the fate of activated enzymes released into the tissue during the course of acute pancreatitis. 2. Acute oedematous pancreatitis was induced in rats, pretreated with captopril (50 mumol kg-1, i.p.), by hyperstimulation of the exocrine function of the pancreas with the cholecystokinin analogue, caerulein (4 nmol kg-1 h-1, i.v.), for up to 120 min. 3. Pancreatic oedema began to develop 10 min after the start of the caerulein infusion, reached a maximum within about 45 min, and then declined slightly. The development of the oedema parallelled the second phase of the caerulein-induced fall in blood pressure found in earlier experiments. No further extravasation of plasma proteins occurred during the 2nd hour of the caerulein infusion. The oedema formation was completely blocked in animals pretreated with the bradykinin receptor antagonist, Hoe 140 (100 nmol kg-1, s.c.). Pretreatment with aprotinin or soy bean trypsin inhibitor did not result in a significant inhibition of the oedema. 4. The haematocrit of animals with experimental pancreatitis showed a pronounced increase which started 10 min after the start of the caerulein infusion and reached maximal values at 60 min. The changes in haematocrit showed a reduction in total blood volume of 28% due to a 48% loss of plasma. This effect was completely blocked by Hoe 140. 5. In rats with caerulein-induced pancreatitis, there was a time-dependent increase in the activities of amylase and lipase in blood serum as well as in the pancreas. Pretreatment with Hoe 140 greatly augmented the caerulein-induced rise in enzyme activities in blood serum but potently attenuated it in the pancreas. The activities of trypsin in both the blood serum and the pancreas were below or near the limit of detection in all experimental groups.6. It is concluded that the second phase of hypotension in this model of acute pancreatitis is due to the liberation of kinins which cause a massive loss of blood plasma into the pancreas and into the retroperitoneal space. Activated enzymes are trapped in the pancreas, at least in part, by the oedema of the gland. Treatment with Hoe 140 prevents the oedema formation and greatly facilitates the egress of activated enzymes from the pancreas.