gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line inspection of surface mount devices using vision and infrared sensors (2002)

This paper introduces a methodology for online inspection of surface mount components using vision and infrared sensors. The complementary nature of vision and infrared sensors allows for separation of solder joint defects into surface level defects and solder mass related defects for defect detection. The vision sensor can provide reliable information for surface level defects while infrared sensors are capable of providing information about solder mass related defects. An experimental facility is described and software routines developed for defect defection. Using both oblique and flat illumination techniques, the 2-dimensional gray scale images of the printed circuit boards are captured and preprocessed for suitable feature extraction. A sampling scheme has been developed for infrared inspection to reduce the inspection time. For defect detection a neural network construct is used to compare incoming data with stored templates. In addition, a classifier based on fuzzy relations and linguistic labels has been used to perform classification of linear misalignment defect accommodating the uncertainty associated with it. The strategy is demonstrated with inspection of a number of solder joint defects.
Variation of Codons 1961 and 2177 of the Stargardt Disease Gene Is Not Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2001)

The ABCA4 gene is definitively involved in the pathogenesis of Stargardt disease and some cases of photoreceptor degeneration. However, it does not seem to be involved in a statistically significant fraction of AMD cases.
Patch grafting of organoids of stem/progenitors into solid organs can correct genetic-based disease states (2022)

Patch grafting, a novel strategy for transplantation of stem/progenitor organoids into porcine livers, has been found successful also for organoid transplantation into other normal or diseased solid organs in pigs and mice. Each organoid contained ∼100 cells comprised of biliary tree stem cells (BTSCs), co-hepato/pancreatic stem/progenitors, and partnered with early lineage stage mesenchymal cells (ELSMCs), angioblasts and precursors to endothelia and stellate cells. Patch grafting enabled transplantation into livers or pancreases of ≥10<sup>8th</sup> (pigs) or ≥10<sup>6th-7th</sup> (mice) organoids/patch. Graft conditions fostered expression of multiple matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially secretory isoforms, resulting in transient loss of the organ's matrix-dictated histological features, including organ capsules, and correlated with rapid integration within a week of organoids throughout the organs and without emboli or ectopic cell distribution. Secondarily, within another week, there was clearance of graft biomaterials, followed by muted expression of MMPs, restoration of matrix-dictated histology, and maturation of donor cells to functional adult fates. The ability of patch grafts of organoids to rescue hosts from genetic-based disease states was demonstrated with grafts of BTSC/ELSMC organoids on livers, able to rescue NRG/FAH-KO mice from type I tyrosinemia, a disease caused by absence of fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase. With the same grafts, if on pancreas, they were able to rescue NRG/Akita mice from type I diabetes, caused by a mutation in the insulin 2 gene. The potential of patch grafting for cell therapies for solid organs now requires translational studies to enable its adaptation and uses for clinical programs.
Thermodynamic Tetragonal Phase Stability in Sol−Gel Derived Nanodomains of Pure Zirconia (2004)

Nanocrystalline (15−30 nm) and submicron-sized (500−600 nm) zirconia (ZrO2) particles are synthesized using the sol−gel technique. The metastable tetragonal phase is stabilized at room temperature within pure ZrO2 nanodomains of size 15−45 nm having nonspherical morphology. Using thermodynamic analysis, it is revealed that the critical nanosize for tetragonal phase stabilization, at room temperature, may vary depending on the contribution from the surface, interfacial, and strain energies, which determine the size and the shape of the tetragonal nanodomains.
Establishment of a novel culture method for maintaining intestinal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (2020)

The small intestine plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs due to the presence of drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes. However, few appropriate methods exist to investigate intestinal pharmacokinetics. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can form various types of cells and represent a potentially useful tool for drug discovery. We previously reported that differentiated enterocytes from human iPS cells are useful for pharmacokinetic studies; however, the process is time and resource intensive. Here, we established a new two-dimensional culture method for maintaining human iPS-cell-derived intestinal stem cells (ISCs) with differentiation potency and evaluated their ability to differentiate into enterocytes exhibiting appropriate pharmacokinetic function. The culture method used several factors to activate signalling pathways required for maintaining stemness, followed by differentiation into enterocytes. Functional evaluation was carried out to verify epithelial-marker expression and inducibility and activity of metabolic enzymes and transporters. Our results confirmed the establishment of an ISC culture method for maintaining stemness and verified that the differentiated enterocytes from the maintained ISCs demonstrated proper pharmacokinetic function. Thus, our findings describe a time- and cost-effective approach that can be used as a general evaluation tool for evaluating intestinal pharmacokinetics.
Integrated device for the measurement of systemic and local oxygen transport during physical exercise (2012)

Current methods for monitoring exercise exertion rely upon heart rate monitors, which represent a crude and lagging indicator of conditioning. The rationale for the present study is that both systemic and local metabolic mechanisms are responsible for physical performance, and therefore they should be simultaneously quantified to achieve an objective assessment of human conditioning. We propose a compact, wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device integrated with electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) to simultaneously assess the cardiovascular and local response to exercise. The system was tested on subjects performing a graded maximal exercise by comparing our readings with metabolic variables measured with respiratory gas analysis. We found strong correlations between local deoxyhemoglobin concentration [HHb], heart rate and oxygen uptake, as well as between oxyhemoglobin concentration [HbO(2)] and stroke volume. This study shows that combined NIRS, ECG and PPG measurements yield useful information to understand the interplay between systemic and local muscular responses to exercise.
RANGE VIDEO CODING WITH H.264/AVC (2011)

This paper presents a technique for the efficient compression of high dynamic range video (HDR) sequences. Such video sequences usu­ ally represent several orders of magnitude of real-world luminance intensity levels. Therefore, they are mostly stored in a floating-point represention. In order to obtain a coded representation that is bit stream compatible with the H.264/AVC video coding standard, the float-valued HDR values have to be mapped to a suitable integer representation first. The mapping proposed in this paper is adapted to the dynamic range of each video frame. Furthermore, to com­ pensate for the associated dynamic contrast variation across frames, a weighted prediction method and quantization adaptation are in­ troduced. The experiments show that the proposed method offers highly efficient HDR video compression. Only a fraction of the bit rate of a non-adaptive reference method is required to represent an HDR video sequence at the same quality.
Relationship Between Structure and Properties for Donor-Doped and for Acceptor-Doped Polyacetylene (1984)

Abstract Two basic structural types are experimentally derived for polyacetylene complexes: channel structures (Na, K, Rb, and Cs) and layered structures (iodine and a variety of other acceptors). Observed variants for the layered structures include first-stage and higher-stage complexes, with either complete or fractional occupation of dopant on the dopant-containing planes. A third structural type, in which dopant is statistically distributed, is predicted up to high dopant levels for lithium dopant. These structural results are used to explain observed properties and to predict properties obtainable for nearly defect-free single crystals. Discussions will include the structural origin of electrochemical discharge curves, major increases in conductivity on annealing K-doped and Rb-doped polyacetylene, the extremely high thermal stability of alkali metal channel complexes, and predicted mechanicals and transport properties for single-crystal complexes.
Microfluidic Device Monitoring of Waterborne Pathogens in Model Water Distribution Systems (2007)

Microfluidic device detections of E. coli K12 in deionized (DI) water and E. coli in field water sample were demonstrated through static light scattering of latex immunoagglutination using proximity optical fibers. This method is a fully-automated, one-step detection, and requires neither sample pre-treatment nor cell culturing often required in many on-chip detections. We have used highly carboxylated polystyrene submicron latex particles without surfactants to enhance diffusional mixing and prevent non-specific bindings towards successful demonstration of latex immunoagglutination in microfluidic device. Detection of E. coli was performed by taking microscopic images from the view cell of a microfluidic device and counting the fractions of non-agglutinated and agglutinated particles. The limit of detection (LOD) was ca. 150 CFU ml-1 with this method for both E. coli K12 in DI water and E. coli in field water sample, indicating no non-specific bindings. Improved LOD of ca. 5 CFU ml-1 was achieved by measuring forward static light scattering from microfluidic device, using proximity optical fibers and a USB-powered miniature spectrometer. The total assay time for sample preparation (mostly dilutions) and on-chip assay (mostly injections and short incubation time) was < 10 min. Devices made out of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were reusable up to 4 times, while those made out of polyethylene glycol (PEG) showed improved reusability of up to 20 times.
The E6AP Binding Pocket of the HPV16 E6 Oncoprotein Provides a Docking Site for a Small Inhibitory Peptide Unrelated to E6AP, Indicating Druggability of E6 (2014)

The HPV E6 oncoprotein maintains the malignant phenotype of HPV-positive cancer cells and represents an attractive therapeutic target. E6 forms a complex with the cellular E6AP ubiquitin ligase, ultimately leading to p53 degradation. The recently elucidated x-ray structure of a HPV16 E6/E6AP complex showed that HPV16 E6 forms a distinct binding pocket for E6AP. This discovery raises the question whether the E6AP binding pocket is druggable, i. e. whether it provides a docking site for functional E6 inhibitors. To address these issues, we performed a detailed analysis of the HPV16 E6 interactions with two small peptides: (i) E6APpep, corresponding to the E6 binding domain of E6AP, and (ii) pep11**, a peptide that binds to HPV16 E6 and, in contrast to E6APpep, induces apoptosis, specifically in HPV16-positive cancer cells. Surface plasmon resonance, NMR chemical shift perturbation, and mammalian two-hybrid analyses coupled to mutagenesis indicate that E6APpep contacts HPV16 E6 amino acid residues within the E6AP pocket, both in vitro and intracellularly. Many of these amino acids were also important for binding to pep11**, suggesting that the binding sites for the two peptides on HPV16 E6 overlap. Yet, few E6 amino acids were differentially involved which may contribute to the higher binding affinity of pep11**. Data from the HPV16 E6/pep11** interaction allowed the rational design of single amino acid exchanges in HPV18 and HPV31 E6 that enabled their binding to pep11**. Taken together, these results suggest that E6 molecular surfaces mediating E6APpep binding can also accommodate pro-apoptotic peptides that belong to different sequence families. As proof of concept, this study provides the first experimental evidence that the E6AP binding pocket is druggable, opening new possibilities for rational, structure-based drug design.
Protective Epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum SERA5 Malaria Vaccine Reside in Intrinsically Unstructured N-Terminal Repetitive Sequences (2014)

The malaria vaccine candidate antigen, SE36, is based on the N-terminal 47 kDa domain of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 (SERA5). In epidemiological studies, we have previously shown the inhibitory effects of SE36 specific antibodies on in vitro parasite growth and the negative correlation between antibody level and malaria symptoms. A phase 1 b trial of the BK-SE36 vaccine in Uganda elicited 72% protective efficacy against symptomatic malaria in children aged 6-20 years during the follow-up period 130-365 days post-second vaccination. Here, we performed epitope mapping with synthetic peptides covering the whole sequence of SE36 to identify and map dominant epitopes in Ugandan adult serum presumed to have clinical immunity to P. falciparum malaria. High titer sera from the Ugandan adults predominantly reacted with peptides corresponding to two successive N-terminal regions of SERA5 containing octamer repeats and serine rich sequences, regions of SERA5 that were previously reported to have limited polymorphism. Affinity purified antibodies specifically recognizing the octamer repeats and serine rich sequences exhibited a high antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) activity that inhibited parasite growth. Furthermore, protein structure predictions and structural analysis of SE36 using spectroscopic methods indicated that N-terminal regions possessing inhibitory epitopes are intrinsically unstructured. Collectively, these results suggest that strict tertiary structure of SE36 epitopes is not required to elicit protective antibodies in naturally immune Ugandan adults.
Thioredoxin reductase. Role in free radical reduction in different hypopigmentation disorders (1987)

Membrane-associated thioredoxin reductase (TR) has been discovered to reduce free radicals at the surface of the skin. An accurate bioassay for this enzyme has been developed by using a spin-labeled quaternary ammonium salt as a free radical substrate. Enzyme activity has been correlated with the surface area, and units of specific activity have been determined as the sequential decrease in nitroxide radical reduction per 3-mm punch biopsy per ten minutes. The TR activity in a random population of 30 healthy volunteers with different skin types (Fitzpatrick classification I through VI) could be correlated to the skin type. Ten patients with untreated vitiligo, two with piebaldism, three with albinism, and two with postinflammatory leukoderma were examined and the findings were compared with the expected rates for the individuals' skin types. The results from this survey on the human population support our previous molecular experiments on the control of melanin biosynthesis by TR in the epidermis.
Systematic Study of Descriptors for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysis in Perovskite Oxides (2018)

Ever-proposed descriptors of catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were systematically investigated. A wide variety of stoichiometric perovskite oxides ABO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Y, La; B = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) were examined as OER catalysts. The simplest descriptor, eg, electron number of transition-metal ions at the B-site, was not applicable for OER overpotentials (η) of the compounds tested in this study. Another descriptor, oxygen 2p band center relative to Fermi energy (ε2p), was not necessarily adequate for the most part of perovskite oxides. Eventually, a recently proposed descriptor, charge-transfer energy (Δ), displayed a linear relationship with η most reasonably. Because Δ values were obtained from theoretical calculations, not only by spectroscopic experiments, systematic exploration for a wide range of compounds including hypothetical ones could be allowed. This finding proposes the charge-transfer energy as the most helpful descriptor for the design of perovskite oxide catalysts for the OER.
Tyrosine-Based 1-(<i>S</i>)-[3-Hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine and -adenine ((<i>S</i>)-HPMPC and (<i>S</i>)-HPMPA) Prodrugs: Synthesis, Stability, Antiviral Activity, and in Vivo Transport Studies (2011)

Eight novel single amino acid (6-11) and dipeptide (12, 13) tyrosine P-O esters of cyclic cidofovir ((S)-cHPMPC, 4) and its cyclic adenine analogue ((S)-cHPMPA, 3) were synthesized and evaluated as prodrugs. In vitro IC(50) values for the prodrugs (<0.1-50 μM) vs vaccinia, cowpox, human cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex type 1 virus were compared to those for the parent drugs ((S)-HPMPC, 2; (S)-HPMPA, 1; IC(50) 0.3-35 μM); there was no cytoxicity with KB or HFF cells at ≤100 μM. The prodrugs exhibited a wide range of half-lives in rat intestinal homogenate at pH 6.5 (<30-1732 min) with differences of 3-10× between phostonate diastereomers. The tyrosine alkylamide derivatives of 3 and 4 were the most stable. (l)-Tyr-NH-i-Bu cHPMPA (11) was converted in rat or mouse plasma solely to two active metabolites and had significantly enhanced oral bioavailability vs parent drug 1 in a mouse model (39% vs <5%).
One Gigasample per Second Transient Recorder: A Performance Demonstration (1983)

The performance demonstrated by a one gigasample per second (1Gs/s) transient recorder currently in advanced development portends an important new instrument for recording single transient data. A Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) is used to sample a continuous analog signal. Samples acquired at the full sampling rate (1Gs/s) are temporarily stored in the CCD, then read out at a slow rate (e.g., 250Ks/s) into a conventional analog-to-digital converter prior to storage in nonvolatile, digital memory. Enhanced circuitry and techniques developed over the past three years have yielded higher performance than originally anticipated. Accordingly, the target specification shown in Table 1 has been revised to reflect higher expectations.
The adaptive loop filtering techniques in the HEVC standard (2012)

This article introduces adaptive loop filtering (ALF) techniques being considered for the HEVC standard. The key idea of ALF is to minimize the mean square error between original pixels and decoded pixels using Wiener-based adaptive filter coefficients. ALF is located at the last processing stage of each picture and can be regarded as a tool trying to catch and fix artifacts from previous stages. The suitable filter coefficients are determined by the encoder and explicitly signaled to the decoder. In order to achieve better coding efficiency, especially for high resolution videos, local adaptation is used for luma signals by applying different filter to different region in a picture. In addition to filter adaptation, filter on/off control at largest coding unit (LCU) level is also helpful for improving coding efficiency. Syntax-wise, filter coefficients are sent in a picture level header called adaptation parameter set (APS), and filter on/off flags of LCUs are interleaved at LCU level in the slice data. Besides supporting picture-based optimization of ALF, the syntax design can support low delay applications as well. When the filter coefficients in APS are trained by using a previous picture, filter on/off decisions can be made on the fly during encoding of LCUs, so the encoding latency is only one LCU. Simulation results show that the ALF can achieve on average 5% bit rate reduction and up to 27% bit rate reduction for 25 HD sequences. The run time increases are 1% and 10% for encoders and decoders, respectively, with un-optimized C++ codes in software.
PtMn spin valve with synthetic ferrimagnet free and pinned layers (2000)

Spin valve films with a laminated antiparallel Co/NiFe/Ru/NiFe synthetic ferrimagnet (SF) free layer combined with PtMn/Co/Ru/Co SF pinned layers were demonstrated to maintain large magnetoresistance ratio of ∼8.0% even below ∼10 Å of effective thickness of the Co/NiFe/Ru/NiFe SF free layers, defined as the thickness difference of the two ferromagnetic layers antiferromagnetically coupled through Ru. Spin flopping field Hsf and saturation field Hs of the Co/NiFe/Ru (8 Å)/NiFe SF free layers slightly increased after annealing at 250 °C for 4 h, and then the Hsf of the Co (3 Å)/NiFe(30 Å)/Ru(8 Å)/NiFe(20 Å) SF free layer after annealing remained 600 Oe, even at 200 °C. Further, antiferromagnetic coupling interlayer materials and their thickness dependence of Hsf and Hs were investigated in the Co(3 Å)/NiFe(40 Å)/X/NiFe(25 Å), X=Ru, Cr, Ir, and Rh, sandwich stacks. The oscillatory antiferromagnetic exchange coupling was clearly observed, and the large Hsf and Hs exceeding 2000 Oe and 7 kOe, respectively, were obtained both at Ir 3.8 Å and Rh 6.1 Å, which corresponded to the oscillatory first peak in the Co/NiFe/Ir/NiFe and Co/NiFe/Rh/NiFe sandwiches.
An efficient implementation of in-loop deblocking filters for H.264 using VLIW architecture and predication (2005)

This work presents an efficient architecture to implement the in-loop deblocking filter for the H.264 video compression standard. The proposed solution is based on the implementation of a very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture, pipelined processing and predication technique.
Potential use of stem cells from bone marrow to repair the extracellular matrix and the central nervous system (2000)

A subset of stem-like cells from bone marrow that are referred to as marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to be capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, astrocytes and perhaps neurons. Recently, conditions have been developed where human MSCs can be expanded almost without limit in culture without apparently losing their multipotentiality for differentiation. The cells appear to be potentially useful for the repair of extracellular matrix and the central nervous system.
Development of a Set of EBV-Specific Antigens with Recombinant Gene Technology for Diagnosis of EBV-Related Malignant or Nonmalignant Diseases (1987)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology can be considerably improved when pure defined antigens are used and antibody class specific tests are applied (1, 2). The identification of antigens is possible by series of Western blots and immunoprecipitations (3). In combination with gene mapping data from hybrid-selected translation (3, 4), recombinant DNA technology was used to produce a panel of viral antigens. These antigens were evaluated in antibody class specific tests in their diagnostic significance for infectious mononucleosis, chronic active EBV infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
On noncoherent sequence detection of coded QAM (1998)

New noncoherent sequence detection algorithms for combined demodulation and decoding of coded linear modulations transmitted over additive white Gaussian noise channels are presented. These schemes may be based on the Viterbi algorithm and have a performance which approaches that of coherent detection for increasing complexity. The tradeoff between complexity and performance is simply controlled by a parameter referred to as implicit phase memory and the number of trellis states.