gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of the intensity noise from an erbium-doped fiber laser to the standard quantum limit by intracavity spectral filtering (1992)

The high frequency intensity noise of a tandem fiber Fabry–Perot erbium-doped fiber ring laser is reduced to the standard quantum limit, with a 0.5 dB experimental uncertainty. Noise reduction of ≳14 dB is achieved by intracavity spectral filtering of weak side modes using a narrow-band fiber Fabry–Perot etalon.
Diagnostic potential of chromogenic substrates for rapid detection of bacterial enzymatic activity in health and disease associated periodontal plaques (1984)

Peer Reviewed
In-Line Stress Measurement by the Continuous Barkhausen Method (2004)

This paper describes a novel concept for measuring pipe wall stress. Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®) pioneered the use of the Barkhausen effect for stress measurement in the 1960s, and the method is still in use today. University researchers in Canada are using the technique for determining stress magnitude and direction by making measurements at quite high resolution. Their technique, which follows from the early SwRI work, requires an alternating magnetic excitation field and an inductive sensor that responds to the Barkhausen magnetic transitions. In contrast, the Continuous Barkhausen concept does not require an alternating excitation field, relying instead on the field transition already present as a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) pig moves through a pipeline. All MFL pigs in use today create Barkhausen noise as they move through the pipeline. The only requirement for using those signals to reveal information about the pipe is to provide suitable sensors and amplifiers to develop a data interpretation procedure. This paper reports on work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation in which SwRI and their commercializing partner, H. ROSEN Engineering, performed laboratory and pull-test experiments to validate the technique using MFL pig hardware in a test line having artificially induced stress anomalies. Details of the technique, laboratory experimental results, and pull-test results are presented, along with recommendations for the application of the method to operating pipelines.
Effects of various additives on sintering of aluminum nitride (1982)

Effects of thirty additives on sintering A/N were investigated. The addition of alkali earth oxides and rare earth oxides gave fully densified aluminum nitride. This is due to the formation of nitrogen-containing aluminate liquid in the system aluminum nitride-alkali earth oxides or rare earth oxides. Microstructural studies of the sintered specimens with the above two types of additives suggested that the densification was due to the liquid phase sintering. Additions of silicon compounds resulted in poor densification by the formation of highly refractory compounds such as A/N polytypes.
Low-Temperature Plasma Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

A low-temperature plasma process has been devised for attaching specified molecular groups to carbon nanotubes in order to impart desired chemical and/or physical properties to the nanotubes for specific applications. Unlike carbon-nanotube- functionalization processes reported heretofore, this process does not involve the use of wet chemicals, does not involve exposure of the nanotubes to high temperatures, and generates very little chemical residue. In addition, this process can be carried out in a relatively simple apparatus and can readily be scaled up to mass production.
GPU Assist using DSP Pre-processor (2020)

There is an ever increasing need for higher GPU performance to render sophisticated User Interface, latest high end 3D games and general purpose compute (GPGPU) applications. GPU SW programming models such as OpenGL have evolved over decades to cater to the unique mixed pipeline 3D GPU architectures. Due to the sticky nature of GPU SW programming model, leveraging other HW blocks to enhance graphics performance has been a most challenging task for SW architects. System designers have usually responded to the GFLOPS demand by increasing the GPU HW specifications. This paper proposes enhancing GPU performance by leveraging DSP transparently in background without impacting GPU software programming model. The proposed solution consists of multiple novel techniques namely ability to offload vertex shader to DSP, 3 stage pipelined execution and ability to re-use GPU internal pipeline. The proposed solution is prototyped in Jacinoto6 Platform from Texas Instruments. The default GPU spec performance is increased by up-to 41% by leveraging dual core C66x DSP in Jacinto6 Platform using proposed solution for different use-cases. The proposed solution is fully transparent to application software stack. In addition, the solution is directly applicable to any GPU + DSP architecture making it attractive approach for cost optimized solutions.
Analog-to-Digital Conversion With Reconfigurable Function Mapping for Neural Networks Activation Function Acceleration (2019)

Hardware acceleration of deep neural networks (DNNs) using non-volatile memory arrays has the potential to achieve orders of magnitude power and performance benefits versus digital von-Neumann architectures by implementing the critical multiply-accumulate operations at the location of the weight data. However, realizing these system-level improvements requires careful consideration of the circuit design tradeoffs involved. For instance, neuron circuitry at the periphery, in addition to accumulating current and having mechanisms for routing, must also implement a non-linear activation function (for forward propagate) or a derivative (for reverse propagate). While it is possible to do this with analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) followed by digital arithmetic circuitry, this approach is powerhungry, suffers from undersampling, and could occupy a large area footprint. These large circuit blocks may therefore need to be time-multiplexed across multiple neurons, reducing the overall parallelism and diminishing the performance benefits. In this paper, we propose a new function mapping ADC that directly implements non-linear functions as a part of the process of conversion into the digital domain. The design is applicable to both inference and training, since it is capable of implementing both the activation function and its derivative using the same hardware. It is capable of fast and parallel conversion across all neuron values, while also being flexible and reconfigurable. We describe the design, followed by detailed circuit-level simulations demonstrating the viability and flexibility of the approach and quantifying the power and performance numbers. The simulation results show a total conversion time of 207 ns for 512 neurons in parallel, while the total energy consumption is found to be 9.95 nJ, which corresponds to 19.4 pJ per neuron.
ChemInform Abstract: Where Are Ionic Liquid Strategies Most Suited in the Pursuit of Chemicals and Energy from Lignocellulosic Biomass? (2011)

Abstract Review: 97 refs.
Emerging trends in metalloprotein inhibition (2011)

Numerous metalloproteins are important therapeutic targets that are gaining increased attention in the medicinal and bioinorganic chemistry communities. This Perspective article describes some emerging trends and recent findings in the area of metalloprotein inhibitor discovery and development. In particular, increasing recognition of the importance of the metal-ligand interactions in these systems calls for more input and consideration from the bioinorganic community to address questions traditionally confined to the medicinal chemistry community.
Optimization of interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cells: tailoring hetero‐interface band structures while maintaining surface passivation (2010)

Abstract Interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC‐SHJ) solar cells have the potential for high open circuit voltage ( V OC ) due to the surface passivation and heterojunction contacts, and high short circuit current density ( J SC ) due to all back contact design. Intrinsic amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) buffer layer at the rear surface improve the surface passivation hence V OC and J SC , but degrade fill factor (FF) from an “S” shape J – V curve. Two‐dimensional (2D) simulation using “Sentaurus device” demonstrates that the low FF is related to the valence band offset (energy barrier) at the hetero‐interface. Three approaches to the buffer layer are suggested to improve the FF: (1) reduced thickness, (2) increased conductivity, and/or (3) reduced band gap. Experimental IBC‐SHJ solar cells with reduced buffer thickness (<5 nm) and increased conductivity with low boron doping significantly improves FF, consistent with simulation. However, this has only marginal effect on efficiency since J SC and V OC also decrease due to poor surface passivation. A narrow band gap a‐Si:H buffer layer improves cell efficiency to 13.5% with unoptimized passivation quality. These results demonstrate that tailoring the hetero‐interface band structure is critical for achieving high FF. Simulations predicts that efficiences >23% are possible on planar devices with optimized pitch dimensions and achievable surface passivation, and 26% with light trapping. This work provides criterion to design IBC‐SHJ solar cell structures and optimize cell performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time, wealth, and human capital as determinants of asset allocation (2004)

This paper provides a theoretical model for individuals to make asset allocation decisions based on their value of leisure time, risk tolerance, and a retirement goal. As individuals go through life cycles financial wealth increases while human capital and time decrease. A critical point is idcntilicd where individuals maximize leisure time and financial wealth. The model suggests basing as. ct allocation decisions on the level or wealth in relationship to the retirement goal and time, rather than the age or the individual typically used in investment planning.
Development of high-toughness low-viscosity nano-molecular resins for reinforcing pothole patching materials (2011)

As the nation's asphalt pavements age and deteriorate, the need for corrective measures to restore safety and rideability increases. The potholes and alligator cracks in the asphalt pavement of our country's roadways have become an annoying part of our daily life and no innovative technologies are available to improve the safety of US drivers, reduce the cost of road maintenance. We have identified a polymeric material, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) resin, which can be cured by Grubb's catalyst and other commercially available catalysts to become an ultratough material with all the desired properties for pothole repair. We have characterized DCPD infiltration characteristics using non-destructive CT scan, and the mechanical properties using indirect tensile test under hot, cold or wet conditions. The preliminary results show that DCPD is a promising material for applications in reinforced pothole patching materials.
Electrochemically monitoring the antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (2015)

The condition of cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms was monitored via the electrochemical detection of the electro-active virulence factor pyocyanin in a fabricated microfluidic growth chamber coupled with a disposable three electrode cell. Cells were exposed to 4, 16, and 100 mg L(-1) colistin sulfate after overnight growth. At the end of testing, the measured maximum peak current (and therefore pyocyanin concentration) was reduced by approximately 68% and 82% in P. aeruginosa exposed to 16 and 100 mg L(-1) colistin sulfate, respectively. Samples were removed from the microfluidic chamber, analyzed for viability using staining, and streaked onto culture plates to confirm that the P. aeruginosa cells were affected by the antibiotics. The correlation between electrical signal drop and the viability of P. aeruginosa cells after antibiotic exposure highlights the usefulness of this approach for future low cost antibiotic screening applications.
Long wavelength GaInNAs(Sb) lasers grown by MBE (2003)

Summary form only given. We present new structures utilizing GaNAs barriers and a new quantum well material, GaInNAsSb, to achieve post-annealed, long wavelength optical emission. The structures with N in the barriers reduce the blue-shift of luminescence by suppressing N out-diffusion from the QWs and decreasing carrier confinement between the barriers and QWs. We utilize Sb, both incorporated into the crystal and used as a surfactant, to enable higher indium incorporation. GaNAs or GaNAsSb barriers also reduce the overall strain of the active region because the high indium mole fraction QWs are compressively strained and the GaNAs(Sb) barriers are tensely strained. With GaNAs barriers, we were able to grow a 9 QW GaInNAs sample. This type of multiple QW structure is particularly applicable to high power lasers that require large volumes of gain medium.
SYNTHESIS AND REALIZATIONS OF A NEW CLASS OF DUAL-MODE MICROWAVE RECTANGULAR FILTERS (2004)

We give rectangular realizations of new structures able to improve quasi-elliptic functions. These rectangular realizations overcome the difficulties of electromagnetic analysis of circular structures. We describe first the design procedure of this new type. Then we present two sets of experimental results to illustrate the accuracy between theory and performance. This new configuration can create zeros at right or left hand of the band. With a very powerful computational electromagnetic analysis, the design needs less tuning. To validate this new concept of filtering, we present the measurements of two TE10 / TE30 rectangular dual-mode filters.
Structures of Ceftazidime and Its Transition-State Analogue in Complex with AmpC β-Lactamase:  Implications for Resistance Mutations and Inhibitor Design<sup>,</sup> (2001)

Third-generation cephalosporins are widely used beta-lactam antibiotics that resist hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. Recently, mutant beta-lactamases that rapidly inactivate these drugs have emerged. To investigate why third-generation cephalosporins are relatively stable to wild-type class C beta-lactamases and how mutant enzymes might overcome this, the structures of the class C beta-lactamase AmpC in complex with the third-generation cephalosporin ceftazidime and with a transition-state analogue of ceftazidime were determined by X-ray crystallography to 2.0 and 2.3 A resolution, respectively. Comparison of the acyl-enzyme structures of ceftazidime and loracarbef, a beta-lactam substrate, reveals that the conformation of ceftazidime in the active site differs from that of substrates. Comparison of the structures of the acyl-enzyme intermediate and the transition-state analogue suggests that ceftazidime blocks formation of the tetrahedral transition state, explaining why it is an inhibitor of AmpC. Ceftazidime cannot adopt a conformation competent for catalysis due to steric clashes that would occur with conserved residues Val211 and Tyr221. The X-ray crystal structure of the mutant beta-lactamase GC1, which has improved activity against third-generation cephalosporins, suggests that a tandem tripeptide insertion in the Omega loop, which contains Val211, has caused a shift of this residue and also of Tyr221 that would allow ceftazidime and other third-generation cephalosporins to adopt a more catalytically competent conformation. These structural differences may explain the extended spectrum activity of GC1 against this class of cephalosporins. In addition, the complexed structure of the transition-state analogue inhibitor (K(i) 20 nM) with AmpC reveals potential opportunities for further inhibitor design.
A Study of Position-Sensitive Solid-State Photomultiplier Signal Properties (2014)

We present an analysis of the signal properties of a position-sensitive solid-state photomultiplier (PS-SSPM) that has an integrated resistive network for position sensing. Attractive features of PS-SSPMs are their large area and ability to resolve small scintillator crystals. However, the large area leads to a high detector capacitance, and in order to achieve high spatial resolution a large network resistor value is required. These inevitably create a low-pass filter that drastically slows what would be a fast micro-cell discharge pulse. Significant changes in the signal shape of the PS-SSPM cathode output as a function of position are observed, which result in a position-dependent time delay when using traditional time pick-off methods such as leading edge discrimination and constant fraction discrimination. The timing resolution and time delay, as a function of position, were characterized for two different PS-SSPM designs, a continuous 10 mm × 10 mm PS-SSPM and a tiled 2 × 2 array of 5 mm × 5 mm PS-SSPMs. After time delay correction, the block timing resolution, measured with a 6 × 6 array of 1.3 × 1.3 × 20 mm<sup>3</sup> LSO crystals, was 8.6 ns and 8.5 ns, with the 10 mm PS-SSPM and 5 mm PS-SSPM respectively. The effect of crystal size on timing resolution was also studied, and contrary to expectation, a small improvement was measured when reducing the crystal size from 1.3 mm to 0.5 mm. Digital timing methods were studied and showed great promise for allowing accurate timing by implementation of a leading edge time pick-off. Position-dependent changes in signal shape on the anode side also are present, which complicates peak height data acquisition methods used for positioning. We studied the effect of trigger position on signal amplitude, flood histogram quality, and depth-of-interaction resolution in a dual-ended readout detector configuration. We conclude that detector timing and positioning can be significantly improved by implementation of digital timing methods and by accounting for changes in the shape of the signals from PS-SSPMs.
Constraints on Variable Bit-Rate Video for (1992)

We consider constraints on the encoded bit rate of a video signal that are imposed by a channel and encoder and decoder buffers. We present conditions that ensure that the video encoder and decoder buffers do not overflow or underflow when the channel can transmit a variable bit rate. Using these conditions and a commonly proposed network-user contract, we examine the effect of a network policing function on the allow- able variability in the encoded video bit rate. We describe how these ideas might be implemented in a system that controls both the encoded and transmitted bit rates. Finally, we present the performance of video that has been encoded using the derived constraints for the leaky bucket channel.
Phase locking and spectral linewidth of a two-mode terahertz quantum cascade laser (2006)

We have studied the phase locking and spectral linewidth of an ∼2.7THz quantum cascade laser by mixing its two lateral lasing modes. The beat signal at about 8GHz is compared with a microwave reference by applying conventional phase lock loop circuitry with feedback to the laser bias current. Phase locking has been demonstrated, resulting in a narrow beat linewidth of less than 10Hz. Under frequency stabilization we find that the terahertz line profile is essentially Lorentzian with a minimum linewidth of ∼6.3kHz. Power dependent measurements suggest that this linewidth does not approach the Schawlow-Townes limit.
EarlyR: A Robust Gene Expression Signature for Predicting Outcomes of Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2018)

Abstract Introduction Early stage estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer may be treated with chemotherapy in addition to hormone therapy. Currently available molecular signatures assess the risk of recurrence and the benefit of chemotherapy; however, these tests may have large intermediate risk groups, limiting their usefulness. Methods The EarlyR prognostic score was developed using integrative analysis of microarray data sets and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded–based quantitative real-time PCR assay and validated in Affymetrix data sets and METABRIC cohort using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Concordance index was used to measure the probability of prognostic score agreement with outcome. Results The EarlyR score and categorical risk strata (EarlyR-Low, EarlyR-Int, EarlyR-High) derived from expression of ESPL1, MKI67, SPAG5, PLK1 and PGR was prognostic of 8-year distant recurrence-free interval in Affymetrix (categorical P = 3.5 × 10−14; continuous P = 8.8 × 10−15) and METABRIC (categorical P  Conclusion The 5-gene EarlyR score is a robust prognostic assay that identified significantly fewer patients as intermediate risk and more as low risk than currently available assays. Further validation of the assay in clinical trial–derived cohorts is ongoing.
Creation and Management of Social Network Honeypots for Detecting Targeted Cyber Attacks (2017)

Reconnaissance is the initial and essential phase of a successful advanced persistent threat (APT). In many cases, attackers collect information from social media, such as professional social networks. This information is used to select members that can be exploited to penetrate the organization. Detecting such reconnaissance activity is extremely hard because it is performed outside the organization premises. In this paper, we propose a framework for management of social network honeypots to aid in detection of APTs at the reconnaissance phase. We discuss the challenges that such a framework faces, describe its main components, and present a case study based on the results of a field trial conducted with the cooperation of a large European organization. In the case study, we analyze the deployment process of the social network honeypots and their maintenance in real social networks. The honeypot profiles were successfully assimilated into the organizational social network and received suspicious friend requests and mail messages that revealed basic indications of a potential forthcoming attack. In addition, we explore the behavior of employees in professional social networks, and their resilience and vulnerability toward social network infiltration.
My Tai-Chi coaches (2017)

Tai-Chi Chuan (TCC) is a famous physical exercise and well-known for being able to effectively promote physical well-being. Many people have been interested in learning TCC at the beginning, but eventually failed in mastering it due to the lack of a constantly accompanying master on the side. In this paper, we present an augmented-learning tool, called "My Tai-Chi Coaches", for learning TCC. By wearing an optical see-through Head-Mounted Display (HMD), the users can have their own private coaches-on-demand that will guide them in practicing TCC. To solve the "attention-sticking" problem, we propose the use of "redundant coaches" and high-lighting the primary coach at every instant. When the user wants to adjust his posture to mimic the coach's movement, he can simply suspend his motion, and then the drone will fly to a proper position to capture the images of the user's posture, and display them on an augmented mirror placed near by the highlighted or gazed coach. In addition to learning TCC, the proposed augmented-learning tool can also be used for learning dancing, yoga, sporting, and for rehabilitation.
External Prestressing Concrete Columns for Improved Seismic Shear Resistance (2003)

Lateral prestressing of concrete columns was investigated as a method of seismic retrofit. Experimental research was conducted to develop a design procedure for shear deficient concrete columns. The technology consists of external prestressing of columns in transverse direction by means of individual hoops that consist of prestressing strands and specially designed anchors. Seven full-scale columns were tested under constant axial compression and incrementally increasing lateral deformation reversals. The results, presented and discussed in this paper, indicate that the retrofit methodology can suppress shear failure, promote flexural behavior, and increase inelastic column deformability substantially. A design procedure is presented for seismic retrofit of shear-deficient columns to achieve two different levels of performance.