gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Loads-Single Smart Meter for Measurement and Control of Smart Grid (2019)

In order to control a single/targeted load, an energy measurement and control infrastructure must be available for such load. Existing submetering technology is expensive, intended mostly for load measurement, proprietary, and not interoperable. An internet based multiple load-single smart meter and control (MLSSMC) infrastructure is proposed in this paper. As a single device, the MLSSMC can monitor and control multiple separate loads. It uses the internet as a universal communication platform to send data for display, automatic billing and data analysis. The MLSSMC can receive and implement a load control signal generated by the consumer or utility. The MLSSMC monitoring and control hardware and software infrastructure were developed. A 5 kVA power system with variable loads was used for experimental testing. As far as load measurements, the experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed MLSSMC is comparable to that of typical existing single load high end smart meters.
Photothermal laser speckle imaging (2014)

The analysis of speckle contrast in a time-integrated speckle pattern enables visualization of superficial blood flow in exposed vasculature, a method we call laser speckle imaging (LSI). With current methods, LSI does not enable visualization of subsurface or small vasculature, because of optical scattering by stationary structures. In this work we propose a new technique called photothermal LSI to improve the visualization of blood vessels. A 595 nm laser pulse was used to excite blood in both in vitro and in vivo samples. The high absorption coefficient of blood at this wavelength results in efficient conversion of optical energy to thermal energy, resulting in an increase in the local temperature and hence increased scatterer motion, and thus a transient decrease in speckle contrast. As a result, we found that photothermal LSI was able to visualize blood vessels that were hidden when imaged with a conventional LSI system.
Automated Segmentation of Neural Canal Opening and Optic Cup in 3D Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography Volumes of the Optic Nerve Head (2010)

In most eyes, the NCO-based 2D metrics, as estimated by the novel automated graph-theoretic approach to segment the NCO and cup at the level of the RPE/BM complex in SD-OCT volumes, correlate well with RS. However, a small discrepancy exists in NCO-based anatomic structures and the clinical disc margin of the RS in some eyes.
Dose reduction achieved by dynamically collimating the redundant rays in fan-beam and cone-beam CT (2013)

In X-ray computed tomography (CT), short-scan acquisition that acquires data only over a range of π plus the fan angle, rather than a full range of 2π, is commonly used in circular fan-beam and cone-beam geometry. Such scan aims to reduce acquisition time and radiation dose during data acquisition. However, during a partial circle scan some data are measured once, while other measurements are observed twice. Traditionally, the redundant data are weighted by a smooth function (e.g. the Parker weights) before filtering. In this paper, we present an algorithmic setup that employs dynamic collimation to shield the redundant rays and propose two algorithms to correct the resulting truncation. This approach is able to potentially decrease the dose of 10% for a C-arm CT with fan angle of 10° and of 23% for a diagnostic CT with fan angle of 50°. Evaluation shows that the reconstruction results are of comparable accuracy to the one from standard short-scan FDK, with less dose to the patient.
Pharmaguard WebApp: An application for the detection of illegal online pharmacies (2016)

We present a demo for PharmaGuard, a novel system for the automatic discovery of illegal online pharmacies. With its easy to use graphic user interface, a web application architectural approach and leveraging the powers of automatic knowledge discovery, PharmaGuard can assist law enforcement agencies in identifying, blacklisting and shutting-down illegal pharmacies.
Electrical Resistivity of Aluminum Carbide at 990–1240 K (1985)

In the conventional aluminum electrolytic reduction process, a molten metal pool is contained in a carbon cell bottom. Since the standard free energy of the reaction 4Al + 3C ..-->.. Al/sub 4/C/sub 3/ is about -145 kJ/mol at 1273 K (1), it is not surprising that aluminum carbide (Al/sub 4/C/sub 3/) can form at the interface between the metal and the carbon. An Al/sub 4/C/sub 3/ reaction layer is thought to be responsible for a significant voltage drop, thereby reducing the energy efficiency of the reduction process (2). To gain a better understanding of the voltage drop that could be expected in this region, the electrical resistivity of Al/sub 4/C/sub 3/ was measured at temperatures of interest (990-1240 K). Several methods of preparing Al/sub 4/C/sub 3/, including reactions of carbon with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, AlPO/sub 4/, and aluminum metal at temperatures up to 1770 K, were tried before one was found that produced material of sufficient purity and yield. The process finally used consisted of heating a mixture of 0.5 mm diam aluminum shot, high purity graphite, and natural cryolite in a graphite boat to about 1570 K in purified argon. The temperature was then raised to about 1770 K,more » allowing the cryolite to volatilize. The amount of carbon used was only 97.8% of theoretical stoichiometric quantity, as it was found that a slight excess of aluminum was necessary, especially when conducting the reaction in a graphite boat. When the boats were removed from the furnace, a dark crust covered the Al/sub 4/C/sub 3/, which was bright orange in color. The Al/sub 4/C/sub 3/ reaction product was analyzed for aluminum and carbon and found to contain 75.0 weight percent (w/o) Al and 24.2 w/o C, indicating that the purity was at least 99%. X-ray diffraction analysis of the material suggested a trace of carbon impurity.« less
Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of New Porphyrin–Phthalocyanine Dyads with Hindered Rotation (2005)

Abstract A series of novel porphyrin–phthalocyanine (Por‐Pc) dyads 1 – 3 have been synthesized by using standard methodologies for unsymmetrically substituted phthalocyanine preparation. These two chromophoric units have been directly linked for the first time, that is, without any spacer, through the β‐pyrrolic position of a meso ‐tetraphenylporphyrin, thus allowing a close proximity of the two units in a rigid arrangement. For this, a novel porphyrin–phthalonitrile precursor 4 had to be prepared. The UV/Vis spectra indicate that the basic electronic characteristics of both individual units (i. e., porphyrin and phthalocyanine) are retained in the hybrid Por‐Pc molecules. The short Por‐Pc separation in dyads 1 – 3 leads to strong excitonic coupling and ultrafast energy transfer (ca. 10 12 s –1 ), as determined by femtosecond transient absorption measurements, from the highly energetic 1 *(ZnPor) unit to the 1 *(ZnPc), which evolves to populate the long‐lived 3 *(ZnPc) by intersystem crossing. Interestingly, the energy transfer seems to occur more efficiently in dyads 2 and 3 , which have smaller HOMO–LUMO energy gaps. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Three-Dimensional Biodegradable Structures Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization (2009)

Two-photon polymerization has been employed to fabricate three-dimensional structures using the biodegradable triblock copolymer poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-trimethylenecarbonate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-trimethylenecarbonate) with 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone as the photoinitiator. The fabricated structures were of good quality and had four micron resolution. Initial cytotoxicity tests show that the material does not affect cell proliferation. These studies demonstrate the potential of two-photon polymerization as a technology for the fabrication of biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Octapeptide somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 induces translocation of intracellular PTP1C to membranes in MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. (1996)

Somatostatin (SST) analogs exert direct antiproliferative actions in pancreatic, pituitary, and mammary tumor cells in vitro. SST receptor (SSTR)-mediated induction of membrane-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity has been implicated in its anti-proliferative signaling by virtue of its ability to dephosphorylate and inactivate growth factor receptor kinases. Recently, a PTP-containing Src homology 2 domain, identified as PTP1C/SHPTP1/SHP/HCP, was found to be associated with SSTR in rat pancreatic acinar cell membranes. In the present study we investigated the antiproliferative action of the octapeptide SST analog SMS 201-995 (OCT) and its effect on PTP activity in MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. We report here that OCT does not directly stimulate membrane-associated PTP activity, but induces translocation of intracellular PTP to the membrane in MCF-7 cells preincubated with the peptide in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. We demonstrate that this is due at least in part to OCT-induced recruitment of cytosolic PTP1C. OCT-induced recruitment of PTP1C to the cell surface as well as its ability to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells was G protein dependent and inhibited by orthovanadate. These findings suggest that translocation of cytosolic PTP1C by SST analogs to the cell surface is an early event in its antiproliferative signaling in tumor cells.
A Database of Anechoic Microphone Array Measurements of Musical Instruments (2017)

A collection of 3305 single notes of 41 musical instruments of different historical periods was recorded and analyzed. The database includes the instrument recordings, radiation patterns (directivities), and audio features such as the sound power or spectral centroid along with information about the identity and the making of the instrument and its player. The database can be used in virtual reality applications such as room acoustic simulation and auralization, or for the study of musical instruments acoustics themselves.
Emoticon-based steganography for securing sensitive data (2014)

Transferring information between nodes in this digital era has been made it easy for users to communicate. Sensitive data, however, requires protection during transmission to prevent unauthorized users from exploiting it. In this paper, we propose to hide secret data by developing emoticon-based steganography. Here, the data is embedded to the emoticon which is sent along with the cover text via chatting. The experimental result, which is obtained from various types of data, depicts that this proposed method, in general, has higher performance than that of existing one. That is, each emoticon has been able to dynamically hold more information. Specifically, the method without preprocessing is better.
Piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope using flexural vibration of a triangular bar (2002)

The authors have developed piezoelectric vibratory gyroscopes using flexural vibration of a triangular bar, which have a high sensitivity, a low drift, and a small configuration. These gyroscopes are proposed for use in car navigation systems. The representative characteristics required for car navigation vibratory gyroscopes are sensitivity, linearity, and durability. An example of the sensitivity and linearity characteristics of the gyroscopes is shown, along with an example of the drift characteristics compared with conventional gyroscopes. An example of the vibration resistance characteristics compared with conventional gyroscopes is presented. The self-navigation test with the gyroscopes is discussed. The car was able to return to the starting point correctly after 4 miles of self-navigation without any calibration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using monoclonal antibodies to stimulate antitumor cellular immunity (2011)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have an established role in current cancer therapy with seven approved for the treatment of a wide variety of tumors. The approved mAbs directly target tumor cells; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that as well as their direct effects, these mAbs can present antigens to the immune system. This stimulates long-lasting T-cell immunity, which may correlate with long-term survival. A more direct approach is to use mAbs to target antigens directly to antigen-presenting cells. One approach, ImmunoBody, which has just entered the clinic, stimulates antitumor immunity using mAbs genetically engineered to express tumor-specific T-cell epitopes. T cells not only respond via their T-cell receptors recognizing T-cell epitopes presented on MHC but are also influenced by stimulation of a wide variety of costimulatory molecules. mAbs targeting these molecules can also influence antitumor immunity. The main protagonist in this class of mAbs is ipilimumab, which has recently been shown to improve survival at 2 years in 23% of advanced melanoma patients. Combinations of mAbs targeting tumor antigens to activated antigen-presenting cells and mAbs targeting costimulatory receptors may provide effective therapy for a broad range of tumors.
Inflammatory Nodules Mimic Applicator Track Seeding After Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Tumors (2007)

Benign inflammatory nodules occur rarely after percutaneous ablation of renal tumors and may mimic tumor seeding of the applicator track.
Biaxially strained PtPb/Pt core/shell nanoplate boosts oxygen reduction catalysis (2016)

Compressive surface strains have been necessary to boost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in core/shell M/platinum (Pt) catalysts (where M can be nickel, cobalt, or iron). We report on a class of platinum-lead/platinum (PtPb/Pt) core/shell nanoplate catalysts that exhibit large biaxial strains. The stable Pt (110) facets of the nanoplates have high ORR specific and mass activities that reach 7.8 milliampere (mA) per centimeter squared and 4.3 ampere per milligram of platinum at 0.9 volts versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the edge-Pt and top (bottom)-Pt (110) facets undergo large tensile strains that help optimize the Pt-O bond strength. The intermetallic core and uniform four layers of Pt shell of the PtPb/Pt nanoplates appear to underlie the high endurance of these catalysts, which can undergo 50,000 voltage cycles with negligible activity decay and no apparent structure and composition changes.
Major cytochrome P450 enzyme responsible for oxidation of secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones in mouse hepatic microsomes. Oxidation of 7-hydroxy-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol to 7-oxo-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol. (1998)

The oxidative activities of 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxy-Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol (7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxy-Delta8-THC) to 7-oxo-Delta8-THC in hepatic microsomes of mice were significantly increased by the treatment of mice with dexamethasone or phenobarbital. A cytochrome P450 enzyme, named P450MDX-B, was purified from hepatic microsomes of dexamethasone-treated mice, and its apparent molecular mass was estimated to be 51,000. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of P450MDX-B was the same as that of CYP3A11. The oxidative activities of 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxy-Delta8-THC were 2.55 and 4.92 nmol/min/nmol P450, respectively. The antibody against P450MDX-B almost completely inhibited the oxidative activities of 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxy-Delta8-THC in mice. These results indicate that P450MDX-B (CYP3A11) is a major enzyme responsible for the oxidation of 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxy-Delta8-THC to 7-oxo-Delta8-THC in mouse liver.
Alma-0: An imperative language that supports declarative programming (1997)

Architecture The Alma Abstract Architecture (AAA) is the virtual architecture used during the intermediate code generation phase of the Alma-0 compiler. The AAA combines the features of the abstract machines for imperative languages and for logic programming languages. The compiler compiles the Alma-0 programs into AAA programs. In a second phase the AAA instructions are translated into C statements. As the Alma-0 language itself, the AAA aims to combine the best of both worlds; elements were taken from virtual machines used to compile imperative languages (in particular the RISC architecture described in Wirth [1996, pp. 55--59], and from the WAM machine used to compile a logical language (see Ait-Kaci [1991]). Still, the AAA resembles most the virtual machines used in the compilation of imperative languages. The additions made to provide for the extensions of the Alma-0 language are ---the failure handling instructions ONFAIL, FAIL, 40 \\Delta Krzysztof R. Apt et al ---the log ...
Deeper Mechanistic Insight into Ru Pincer-Mediated Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols: Exchanges, Intermediates, and Deactivation Species (2018)

The mechanism of acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reaction (ADC) of alcohols to esters catalyzed by aliphatic pincer PHNP ruthenium complexes was experimentally studied. Relevant intermediate species involved in the catalytic cycle were isolated and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and their reactivity (including toward substrates related to the catalytic process) was probed. VT NMR studies unveiled several chemical exchanges connecting the Ru amido hydride, the Ru alkoxide, and the alcohol substrate. Under catalytic conditions, in situ IR spectroscopy monitoring demonstrated the production of ester via aldehyde as intermediate. A Tishchenko-like pathway is proposed as the main path for the production of ester from aldehyde, involving alkoxide and hemiacetaloxide Ru species (the latter being identified in the reaction mixture by NMR). Catalytic system deactivation under base-free conditions was found to be related to water traces in the reaction medium (either as impurity or derived from aldol reactions) that lead to the formation of catalytically inactive acetato Ru complexes. These react with alkali metal alkoxides to afford catalytically active Ru species. In line with this observation, running the ADC reaction in the presence of water scavengers or alkoxides allows maintaining sustained catalytic activity.
Blockchain Consensus Protocols in the Wild (2017)

A blockchain is a distributed ledger for recording transactions, maintained by many nodes without central authority through a distributed cryptographic protocol. All nodes validate the information to be appended to the blockchain, and a consensus protocol ensures that the nodes agree on a unique order in which entries are appended. Consensus protocols for tolerating Byzantine faults have received renewed attention because they also address blockchain systems. This work discusses the process of assessing and gaining confidence in the resilience of a consensus protocols exposed to faults and adversarial nodes. We advocate to follow the established practice in cryptography and computer security, relying on public reviews, detailed models, and formal proofs; the designers of several practical systems appear to be unaware of this. Moreover, we review the consensus protocols in some prominent permissioned blockchain platforms with respect to their fault models and resilience against attacks. The protocol comparison covers Hyperledger Fabric, Tendermint, Symbiont, R3~Corda, Iroha, Kadena, Chain, Quorum, MultiChain, Sawtooth Lake, Ripple, Stellar, and IOTA.
Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> bei Prostatitis und Prostataadenom (1986)

The measurement of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in the serum and prostatic fluid of healthy men, patients with prostatic hyperplasia and of patients with prostatitis was attempted and correlated to the state of disease, respectively. PGE2-concentrations with prostatic fluid of healthy men were found to be significantly lower than in patients with prostatitis. Corresponding to the course of treatment concentrations normalized, being favorably influenced by sitosterin as an adjuvant medication. Compared to healthy men, PGF2 concentrations in the prostatic fluid of patients with hyperplasia of the prostate incline to lower levels.
Development of Multi-Layer Fabric on a Flat Knitting Machine (2014)

The loop transfer technique was used to develop the a splitable multi layer knit fabric on a computerized multi gauge flat knitting machine. The fabric consists of three layers: inner-single jersey, middle-1×1 purl and, outer-single jersey. By varying the loop length the multi layer knit fabric samples were produced, namely CCC-1, CCC-2 and CCC-3. The above multi layer fabrics were knitted using 24 s Ne cotton of combined yarn feed in feeders 3, 4, and 4 respectively. The influence of loop length on wpc, cpc and tightness factor was studied using linear regression. The water vapor and air permeability properties of the produced multi layer knit fabrics were studied using ANOVA. The change of raw material in three individual layers could be useful for the production of fabric for functional, technical, and industrial applications.
In anemia of multiple myeloma, hepcidin is induced by increased bone morphogenetic protein 2 (2010)

Hepcidin is the principal iron-regulatory hormone and a pathogenic factor in anemia of inflammation. Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) frequently present with anemia. We showed that MM patients had increased serum hepcidin, which inversely correlated with hemoglobin, suggesting that hepcidin contributes to MM-related anemia. Searching for hepcidin-inducing cytokines in MM, we quantified the stimulation of hepcidin promoter-luciferase activity in HuH7 cells by MM sera. MM sera activated the hepcidin promoter significantly more than did normal sera. We then examined the role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), the major transcriptional regulators of hepcidin. Mutations in both BMP-responsive elements abrogated the activation dramatically, while mutations in the IL-6-responsive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-binding site (STAT3-BS) had only a minor effect. Cotreatment with anti-BMP-2/4 or noggin-Fc blocked the promoter induction with all MM sera, anti-IL-6 blocked it with a minority of sera, whereas anti-BMP-4, -6, or -9 antibodies had no effect. BMP-2-immunodepleted MM sera had decreased promoter stimulatory capacity, and BMP-2 concentrations in MM sera were significantly higher than in normal sera. Our results demonstrate that BMP-2 is a major mediator of the hepcidin stimulatory activity of MM sera.
Reduction of Postural Sway by Use of a Vibrotactile Balance Prosthesis Prototype in Subjects with Vestibular Deficits (2003)

To evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype vibrotactile balance prosthesis in maintaining balance during dynamic posturography, we studied 6 subjects with unilateral or bilateral vestibular deficit by means of Equitest computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). Their anterior-posterior (AP) sway at the small of the back was measured with a micromechanical rate gyroscope and a linear accelerometer. The resulting tilt estimate was displayed by a vibrotactile array attached to the torso. The vibration served as tilt feedback to the subject. Subject performance was evaluated with the tilt performance index (TPI), which is the inverse of the root-mean-square of tilt. We found that the balance prosthesis reduced the subjects' AP sway. The subjects' results without the balance prosthesis on CDP sensory organization tests (SOTs) 5 and 6 were compared to results with the prosthesis. The average TPI increased significantly (p < .05) when vibrotactile feedback was used as compared to the unaided condition. This finding was true for both SOTs 5 and 6. We conclude that vibrotactile feedback of estimated AP body tilt improved the subjects' ability to perform selected CDP tests. Some of the subjects were able to stand throughout the test with the device turned on, whereas they otherwise constantly fell.