gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of system instability in solar-array-based power systems (2000)

A study of power system stability, based on analytical modeling, is presented for application to a current-mode dc-dc converter power system with a solar array input and a line-filter interface. A fundamental analytical background is provided for use in analyses of systems of similar architecture. With this architecture, there is a potential for two sources of instability: (1) the relatively high-Q resonant tank formed by the input filter inductance (L) and the array capacitance (C) combined with excessive array voltage regulation loop-gain; and (2) positive feedback due to in-phase response produced by the current-mode converter at low frequencies. Such a low-frequency instability is dependent upon the magnitude of the array current, the array impedance, and the array voltage regulation loop-gain.
Transmission of carbapenem-resistant pathogens in New York City hospitals: progress and frustration (2012)

Measurable improvement has occurred in reducing the spread of KPC-possessing K. pneumoniae, and reducing the average length of stay may augment infection control efforts. However, the problem of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa lingers. New approaches, including respiratory isolation and environmental cleaning, need to be examined to control the spread of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa.
Hybrid Encryption for Securing SharedPreferences of Android Applications (2018)

Most mobile applications generate local data on internal memory with SharedPreference interface of an Android operating system. Therefore, many possible loopholes can access the confidential information such as passwords. We propose a hybrid encryption approach for SharedPreferences to protect the leaking confidential information through the source code. We develop an Android application and store some data using SharedPreference. We produce different experiments with which this data could be accessed. We apply Hybrid encryption approach combining encryption approach with Android Keystore system, for providing better encryption algorithm to hide sensitive data.
Implementation of a modified Richardson-Lucy method for image restoration on a massively parallel computer to compensate for space-variant point spread of a charge-coupled-device camera (1995)

Several imaging devices are characterized by a space-variant point-spread function (PSF), such as the wide-field/planetary camera of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Several techniques for image recovery that use data from such imagers approximate the space-variant PSF by a space-invariant PSF. A modified Richardson-Lucy method is implemented that accommodates the space-variant PSF of the HST as well as corrections for background counts, nonuniform flat field, and readout noise. The implementation runs on the DEC mppl2000 Sx/Model 200 massively parallel computer. Restorations of simulated HST images are obtained with a space-variant PSF and, for comparison, with a space-invariant approximation. Results of these processing methods are compared, and it is found that a residual artifact appears in restorations when a space-invariant PSF is used owing to the mismatch of the PSF kernel used in the restoration and the space-variant one underlying the image acquired with the telescope. This residual artifact is effectively eliminated when the processing is based on the space-variant PSF.
A Conceptual Model for effective email marketing (2014)

Email marketing is broadcasting commercial messages to a group of people using email. Currently, email marketing is consistently delivering relatively high return on investment (ROI) in a marketing field. However, collecting subscriber information and sending the email only to interested consumers is a major research issue in email marketing. This paper introduces a conceptual model for an effective email marketing system clustering and segmenting subscribers based on their activity throughout a marketing campaign. The model consists of two main components: Collecting subscriber activity data and Clustering and Segmenting subscribers. We performed a marketing experiment based on our model and analyzed subscriber activity data. Using our model, the overall performance of subscriber activity was improved after sending out email campaigns to segmented groups of subscribers based on their individual interest.
Secure lossy helper and Gray-Wyner problems (2016)

In this work, we investigate two secure source coding models, a Helper problem and a Gray-Wyner problem. In both settings, the encoder is connected to each of the legitimate receivers through a public link as well as a private link; and an external eavesdropper intercepts every information that is sent on the public link. Specifically, in the Helper problem, a memoryless source pair (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ; S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ) is to be compressed and sent on both links such that the component S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> can be recovered losslessly at the legitimate receiver while being kept completely secret from an eavesdropper that overhears on the public link, and the component S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> is recovered lossily, to within some prescribed distortion level, at the legitimate receiver. In the Gray-Wyner model, a memoryless source triple (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ; S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ; S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) is to be compressed and sent to two legitimate receivers, such that the component S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is recovered at both receivers losslessly and kept secret at an external eavesdropper that listens on the public link; and the component S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> , is to be recovered lossily at Receiver j, j = 1, 2. We establish single-letter characterizations of the optimal secure rate-distortion regions of both models. The analysis sheds important light on the role of the private link(s), i.e., for the transmission of the source S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> or for sharing a secret key that is then used to encrypt the source S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> over the public link.
<i>Oscillospira</i> and related bacteria – From metagenomic species to metabolic features (2016)

Oscillospira is an under-studied anaerobic bacterial genus from Clostridial cluster IV that has resisted cultivation for over a century since the first time it was observed. In recent years its 16S rRNA gene was identified in several human gut microbiota studies where it was often associated with interesting traits, especially leanness. However, very little is known about its metabolism or physiology. Here we used nearly complete genomes derived from shot-gun metagenomic data from the human gut to analyze Oscillospira and related bacteria. We used sequence similarity, gene neighbourhood information and manual metabolic pathway curation to decipher key metabolic features of this intriguing bacterial genus. We infer that Oscillospira species are butyrate producers, and at least some of them have the ability to utilize glucuronate, a common animal-derived sugar that is both produced by the human host and consumed by that host in diets rich in animal products. These findings could help explain diet-related inter-individual variation in faecal Oscillospira levels as well as the observation that the presence of this genus is reduced in diseases that involve inflammation.
Expression of the<i>E.coli</i>fpg gene in mammalian cells reduces the mutagenicity of γ-rays (1994)

The E. coli fpg gene encodes the formamido-pyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase (FPG protein) which specifically removes the formamido-pyrimidine and C8-oxoGuanine residues from gamma-irradiated DNA. The fpg gene was ligated in the psV2 vector and transfected into the Chinese hamster CHO and V-79 cells. The transfected cells expressed a formamido-pyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase activity 30 to 40-fold over the constitutive level. The resistance of CHO and V-79 cells to the lethal effect of gamma-rays was similar in control and transfected cells. Furthermore CHO cells expressing the fpg gene had the same resistance to the lethal effect of hydrogen peroxide as control cells. However, the sensitivity to the mutagenic effect of gamma-rays, measured as 6-thioguanine resistance, decreased both in CHO and V-79 transfected cells. Since the lethal effect of gamma-rays was not modified in cells overproducing the FPG protein, the results suggest that this protein protects the cells against the mutagenic lesions formed by ionizing radiations, and among them C8-oxoguanine.
Oxidative Stress and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions Primarily Found in Women (2010)

The incidence of lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTDs) in women increases with age. These dysfunctions include incontinence, recurrent urinary bladder infection, and poor bladder and urethral contraction. There is a corresponding progressive decrease in mean circulating estrogen as women age. We have data indicating that the rate at which LUTDs develop and progress is directly related to the decrease in circulating estrogen. Our studies on rabbits indicate that low circulating estrogen mediates a de crease in blood flow to the bladder and urethra. This in turn results in mucosal and smooth muscle hypoxia and the generation and release of free radicals. The end result is slow progressive oxidation damage of cellular and subcellular membranes (protein, lipids, and phospholipids), which relates directly to the etiology of age-related progressive LUTD. Estrogen administration to ovariectomized rabbits reverses these effects while causing smooth muscle hypertrophy, mucosal hyperplasia, increased vascularity and blood flow, fully oxygenated tissue, and reduced oxidative damage.
Increased expression of the maize immunoglobulin binding protein homolog b-70 in three zein regulatory mutants. (1991)

Plants carrying floury-2, Defective endosperm-B30, or Mucronate mutations overproduce b-70, a maize homolog of the mammalian immunoglobulin binding protein. During endosperm development in these mutants, levels of both b-70 protein and RNA increase dramatically between 14 days and 20 days after pollination. At later stages, b-70 RNA levels decline while protein levels remain high. The increase in b-70 RNA levels is endosperm specific and dependent on gene dosage in the floury-2 mutant. In all three mutants, the increases in b-70 RNA and protein levels are inversely proportional to changes in zein synthesis. Although b-70 polypeptides can be extracted from purified protein bodies, they carry a carboxy-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, HDEL. We propose that induction of b-70 in these mutants is a cellular response to abnormally folded or improperly assembled storage proteins and probably reflects its role as a polypeptide chain binding protein.
Protein tyrosine nitration (2009)

Nitric oxide metabolism in plant cells has a relative short history. Nitration is a chemical process which consists of introducing a nitro group (-NO(2)) into a chemical compound. In biological systems, this process has been found in different molecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that can affect its function. This mini-review offers an overview of this process with special emphasis on protein tyrosine nitration in plants and its involvement in the process of nitrosative stress.
Efficacy of Full µ-Opioid Receptor Agonists is not Impaired by Concomitant Buprenorphine or Mixed Opioid Agonists/Antagonists – Preclinical and Clinical Evidence (2016)

Buprenorphine and the mixed agonists/antagonists nalbuphine and pentazocine, formerly classified as µ-opioid (MOP) receptor antagonists, have more recently been shown to be partial to full agonists of the human MOP receptor. These receptors do not necessarily have to be maximally activated for a full physiological response. Partial agonists can also sufficiently stimulate signaling processes leading to a full analgesic response, as shown by the effectiveness of buprenorphine, nalbuphine and pentazocine in animal pain models and in clinical settings where these drugs induce analgesia with full efficacy without a ceiling effect. Submaximal doses of MOP receptor analgesics combined with submaximal doses of buprenorphine, pentazocine, or nalbuphine result in additive to over-additive antinociceptive effects in animal experiments. Only when doses are given that exceed the therapeutic dose range may the antinociceptive effect be reduced to the effect of either opioid alone. The analgesic effects of pentazocine and nalbuphine combined with morphine are reported to be additive or over-additive in various clinical pain conditions. Buprenorphine, which clinically behaves as a full MOP receptor agonist for pain relief, can be combined with full opioid agonists without precipitating withdrawal. Thus, the overall evidence on the analgesic effects of buprenorphine, pentazocine or nalbuphine combined with opioid analgesics under various clinical pain conditions contradicts the consensus that these compounds diminish MOP receptor analgesia when co-administered with a full MOP receptor agonist.
Serum-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli O111 contain increased lipopolysaccharide, lack an O antigen-containing capsule, and cover more of their lipid A core with O antigen (1984)

Escherichia coli strains of group O111 were characterized with respect to sensitivity to complement killing, amount of lipopolysaccharide and O antigen-containing capsule, and distribution of O antigen. All wild-type E. coli O111 strains were resistant to complement killing in the absence of specific antibody. Presensitization of strains with antibody to whole cells (OK antibody), followed by incubation in 50% pooled normal human serum as a source of complement, subdivided wild-type strains into three types: completely resistant, partially resistant, and sensitive. Completely and partially resistant mutants were isolated by cycles of serum killing, starting with one sensitive strain. Completely resistant mutants had no O antigen-containing capsule, but had 50% more lipopolysaccharide than did the parent, and this lipopolysaccharide had 30% fewer lipid A core molecules devoid of O antigen. Partially resistant mutants still had O antigen-containing capsule, but contained 40% more lipopolysaccharide than did the parent; the extent of coverage of lipid A core with O antigen remained unchanged. No correlations were found between outer membrane protein composition and the degree of serum resistance. Since the terminal membrane attack complex (C5b-9) must stably insert into a hydrophobic membrane site to effect killing, we conclude that both increased lipid A core and increased coverage of lipid A core with O antigen preclude access of C5b-9 to lethal sites on the cell surface.
The Common Fragment of CTL and LTL. (2000)

It is well-known that CTL and LTL have incomparable expressive power. In this paper, we give an inductive definition of those ACTL formulas that can be expressed in LTL. In addition, we obtain a procedure to decide whether an ACTL formula lies in LTL, and show that this problem is PSPACE complete. By omitting path quantifiers, we get an inductive definition of the LTL formulas expressible in ACTL. We can show that the fragment defined by our logic represents exactly those LTL formulas the negation of which can be represented by a 1-weak Büchi automaton and that for this fragment, the representing automaton can be chosen to be of size linear in the size of the formula.
Lattice <scp>B</scp> oltzmann methods applied to large‐scale three‐dimensional virtual cores constructed from digital optical borehole images of the karst carbonate <scp>B</scp> iscayne aquifer in southeastern <scp>F</scp> lorida (2014)

Abstract Digital optical borehole images at approximately 2 mm vertical resolution and borehole caliper data were used to create three‐dimensional renderings of the distribution of (1) matrix porosity and (2) vuggy megaporosity for the karst carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The renderings based on the borehole data were used as input into Lattice Boltzmann methods to obtain intrinsic permeability estimates for this extremely transmissive aquifer, where traditional aquifer test methods may fail due to very small drawdowns and non‐Darcian flow that can reduce apparent hydraulic conductivity. Variogram analysis of the borehole data suggests a nearly isotropic rock structure at lag lengths up to the nominal borehole diameter. A strong correlation between the diameter of the borehole and the presence of vuggy megaporosity in the data set led to a bias in the variogram where the computed horizontal spatial autocorrelation is strong at lag distances greater than the nominal borehole size. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of flow across a 0.4 × 0.4 × 17 m (2.72 m 3 volume) parallel‐walled column of rendered matrix and vuggy megaporosity indicates a high hydraulic conductivity of 53 m s −1 . This value is similar to previous Lattice Boltzmann calculations of hydraulic conductivity in smaller limestone samples of the Biscayne aquifer. The development of simulation methods that reproduce dual‐porosity systems with higher resolution and fidelity and that consider flow through horizontally longer renderings could provide improved estimates of the hydraulic conductivity and help to address questions about the importance of scale.
A new power transistor structure for improved switching performances (1978)

The performances of high voltage switching transistors in an inductive circuit are largely determined by the switching loss it incurred and also by the ruggedness to withstand reverse second breakdown. This paper presents an innovative emitter structure which has no adverse effect on static characteristics but provides at least three times improvement in switching loss and 10% improvement in RBSOA. It also has been demonstrated that RBSOA performance can further be enhanced drastically with the use of a multiple epitaxial layer collector structure. This coupled with the new emitter structure constitutes a new transistor structure that has low switching loss and rugged RBSOA performance.
Degradation of Ascorbic Acid in Aqueous Solution (1998)

An HPLC method, for the simultaneous determination of the degradation products of ascorbic acid, was employed to investigate the degradation of ascorbic acid in aqueous solution at different pH values. After ascorbic acid aqueous solutions were heated at 100 °C for 2 h, four main degradation products, furfural, 2-furoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone, and an unidentified compound, were separated and determined. In an acid aqueous solution, ascorbic acid was converted to 2-furoic acid and 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone via dehydroascorbic acid under aerobic conditions, whereas under anaerobic conditions, ascorbic acid degraded to furfural. Low pH conditions favored the formation of furfural, 2-furoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone; at extremely low pH (i.e., pH 1), the formation of furfural dominated. In an alkaline aqueous solution, the unknown compound became the main degradation product of ascorbic acid; at pH 10, only very small amounts of furfural and 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone with no 2-furoic acid were detected. Our results suggest that, in a hydrogen-ion-catalyzed environment, the anaerobic degradation of ascorbic acid to furfural is the main degradation pathway in an aqueous solution. Keywords: Ascorbic acid; dehydroascorbic acid; degradation; furfural; 2-furoic acid; 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone; HPLC
A time- and temperature-dependent 2-D simulation of the GTO thyristor turn-off process (1984)

GTO thyristor turn-off process is analyzed for a resistive load case by performing an exact two-dimensional time- and temperature-dependent numerical simulation. A newly defined concept "on-region" is introduced to help understanding of the simulation results. Excess carrier plasma (on-region) in the p-base is squeezed finally to as narrow as 60 µm wide, accompanying a large current density increase at the center of the middle junction. The carriers in the n-base are found not to be greatly affected by the initial plasma squeezing in the p-base. After the on-region width in the p-base reaches its final limit, the excess carriers around the middle junction of the final on-region is rapidly reduced, resulting in complete anode current turn-off.
매체 문식성 수업에 대한 중등 국어 교사의 인식 연구 (2014)

디지털 기술의 발달을 중심으로 한 다양한 매체의 발달은 사회 구성원 간의사소통 방식의 변화에 많은 영향을 끼쳤고, 이에 따라 현대 사회에서 언어활동을 수행하기 위해 새로운 문식 능력인 매체 문식성(media literacy)이 필요 해졌다. 본 연구는 이러한 경향에 맞춰 매체 문식성 수업에 대한 중등 국어 교사의 인식을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 삼았다. 이 연구는 ‘매체 문식성 수업에 대한관심과 교육 현황’을 살펴보기 위한 8문항, ‘매체 문식성 수업을 진행하는 데있어 어려운 점과 요구사항’을 살펴보기 위한 7문항의 총 15문항으로 구성된 설문을 바탕으로 총 90명의 중등 교사의 매체 문식성에 대한 인식을 조사, 연구했다. 연구 결과 첫째, 교사들의 매체 문식성 수업에 대한 관심과 교육 현황에 대해 살펴보면, 교사들은 대체로 관심이 있는 편이었고, 실제로 진행해 본 경험도 3-4차시 이상 되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 교사들은 매체를 수업 목표를 달성하기 위한 도구나 수단 등 보조적 수단으로만 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 교사들이 생각하는 매체 문식성 수업 진행 시 어려운 점은 교수방법이나 기자재 등의 교실 환경의 문제를 많이 지적했다. 이는 교수학습 가능성을 무엇보다 중요시한 교사들의 특성이 반영된 결과라 볼 수 있다.
Temperature Rise induced by a Rotating or Dithering Laser Beam (2011)

We study the maximum temperature rise induced by a rotating or dithering Gaussian laser beam on a semi-infinite body. An analytical solution is obtained by solving the transient three-dimensional heat equation in a semi-infinite domain with insulating surface. The effect of rotating or dithering frequency on maximum temperature rise is quantitatively investigated for stainless steel and carbon nanotube-alumina composites. It is found that the maximum temperature rise can be reduced by increasing the frequency of the rotating or dithering beam and by increasing the radius of the rotating or dithering trajectory. For a fixed frequency, the maximum temperature rise induced by a rotating beam is lower than the one induced by a dithering beam. Finally, we give the asymptotic solution of the temperature rise for large frequency of a rotating Gaussian beam. 1