gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Academic centers for prevention research: Making prevention a practical reality. (1991)

The Prevention Centers Grant Program attempts to bridge the gap between the development and the implementation of research findings in public health practice. The program funds practical research on health issues of national and international importance. Grants can be awarded to schools of medicine, schools of osteopathy, or schools of public health. Ongoing programs at the University of North Carolina, the University of Washington, the University of Texas, and the University of Hawaii, as well as programs funded in 1990 at the University of Arizona, the University of Illinois, and Columbia University, are discussed.
Studies on Pyrazines; Part 30:<sup>1</sup>Synthesis of Aminopyrazines from Azidopyrazines (1994)

Azidopyrazines do not undergo reduction by reagents that are effective for the preparation of alkyl- or arylamines from the azides because the heterocyclic azides exist in the bicyclic form of tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines. Nevertheless, the conversion into aminopyrazines was achieved by hydrogenolysis in the presence of ammonium hydroxide and palladium-on-carbon or particularly by reduction with tin(II) chloride in methanolic hydrochloric acid, in 34-87% yields. To elucidate the successful progress of the reaction, the equilibrium of azide-tetrazole was examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy in various solvents.
7.2: High-field deuterium ion sources for neutron generators (2010)

It is generally accepted that active neutron interrogation is a reliable means of detecting the presence of shielded special nuclear material, in particular highly enriched uranium. We are facilitating the deployment of portable active neutron interrogation systems for field detection applications by developing a new atomic deuterium ion source for compact, accelerator-driven neutron generators. This ion source uses high electric fields at the surfaces of microfabricated tip arrays to produce atomic deuterium ions.
Contextual Bandits with Stochastic Experts (2018)

We consider the problem of contextual bandits with stochastic experts, which is a variation of the traditional stochastic contextual bandit with experts problem. In our problem setting, we assume access to a class of stochastic experts, where each expert is a conditional distribution over the arms given a context. We propose upper-confidence bound (UCB) algorithms for this problem, which employ two different importance sampling based estimators for the mean reward for each expert. Both these estimators leverage information leakage among the experts, thus using samples collected under all the experts to estimate the mean reward of any given expert. This leads to instance dependent regret bounds of $\mathcal{O}\left(λ(\pmbμ)\mathcal{M}\log T/Δ\right)$, where $λ(\pmbμ)$ is a term that depends on the mean rewards of the experts, $Δ$ is the smallest gap between the mean reward of the optimal expert and the rest, and $\mathcal{M}$ quantifies the information leakage among the experts. We show that under some assumptions $λ(\pmbμ)$ is typically $\mathcal{O}(\log N)$, where $N$ is the number of experts. We implement our algorithm with stochastic experts generated from cost-sensitive classification oracles and show superior empirical performance on real-world datasets, when compared to other state of the art contextual bandit algorithms.
Measurement of Local Speckle Pattern Displacement to Track Blood Flow in Two Dimensions (1987)

Pulsed Doppler ultrasonic blood velocity imaging devices suffer from aliasing at high velocities and sizable velocity errors resulting from a lack of knowledge of the angle between the acoustic propagation and blood velocity vectors. We describe a new velocity imaging technique which operates on the envelope-detected echo signal and uses a two-dimensional correlation search method. Several experiments were performed in order to define the potentials and limitations of this technique. The results indicate that it allows resolution of the flow velocity vector in two dimensions and is not subject to aliasing.
Measurement of Diesel Vehicle Exhaust Particulate Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (1980)

Abstract A laser spectrophone operated at 514.5 nm has been shown to accurately monitor the “graphitic” carbon component of the airborne particulate emitted in the exhaust from a 2.3 liter Opel diesel vehicle. The mass-specific absorption coefficient of the graphitic-like material is 8.9±0.5 m2/g at 514.5 nm, in excellent agreement with values for similar material from other combustion sources. Since the laser spectrophone can apparently be used to quantitatively measure light absorption by airborne “graphitic” particulate material, it may also be generally useful as a monitor of “graphitic” particulate mass loading, regardless of combustion source.
cpnDB: A Chaperonin Sequence Database (2004)

Type I chaperonins are molecular chaperones present in virtually all bacteria, some archaea and the plastids and mitochondria of eukaryotes. Sequences of cpn60 genes, encoding 60-kDa chaperonin protein subunits (CPN60, also known as GroEL or HSP60), are useful for phylogenetic studies and as targets for detection and identification of organisms. Conveniently, a 549-567-bp segment of the cpn60 coding region can be amplified with universal PCR primers. Here, we introduce cpnDB, a curated collection of cpn60 sequence data collected from public databases or generated by a network of collaborators exploiting the cpn60 target in clinical, phylogenetic, and microbial ecology studies. The growing database currently contains approximately 2000 records covering over 240 genera of bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea. The database also contains over 60 sequences for the archaeal Type II chaperonin (thermosome, a homolog of eukaryotic cytoplasmic chaperonin) from 19 archaeal genera. As the largest curated collection of sequences available for a protein-encoding gene, cpnDB provides a resource for researchers interested in exploiting the power of cpn60 as a diagnostic or as a target for phylogenetic or microbial ecology studies, as well as those interested in broader subjects such as lateral gene transfer and codon usage. We built cpnDB from open source tools and it is available at http://cpndb.cbr.nrc.ca.
Birth and Death of Invading Standing Waves in the BZ‐AOT Reaction‐diffusion System (2018)

Abstract We report our experimental observation of modulated standing waves that invade bulk oscillations exhibited by the Belousov‐Zhabotinsky‐Aerosol OT reverse microemulsion system. The modulated standing waves form within domains bounded by a traveling wave. We also observe that the modulated standing waves give way to traveling waves, which we connect to numerical simulations in a simple chemical model.
The Heat-Labile Enterotoxin of Escherichia coli Binds to Polylactosaminoglycan-Containing Receptors in CaCo-2 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells (1994)

The E. coli type I heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-I) shares considerable functional, structural, and immunological homology with cholera toxin (CT). Although the ganglioside GM1 is the sole receptor for CT, LT-I also appears to utilize additional, unique receptors on intestinal cells not recognized by CT. We characterized this second class of LT-I receptors using the human intestinal epithelial cell line, CaCo-2. CaCo-2 cells bound 8-fold more LT-I than CT, and some of these additional LT-I receptors appeared to be functional, as CT-B only partially inhibited LT-I activity at concentrations that completely inhibited CT activity. Membranes from unlabeled or [3H]galactose-labeled cells were incubated with toxin B subunits and extracted with Triton X-100, and the solubilized toxin B-receptor complexes were immunoabsorbed with anti-B bound to protein A-Sepharose. When organic extracts of the complexes were separated by thin-layer chromatography and overlayed with [125I]toxin, both toxins were found to bind only GM1. Separation of the complexes from [3H]galactose-labeled membranes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a series of galactoproteins specifically recognized by LT-I but not by CT. Similar proteins were detected on Western blots probed with [125I]toxin. LT-I activity on intact cells and binding to membranes and the above galactoproteins were enhanced by neuraminidase treatment even in the presence of CT-B. beta-1,4-Galactosidase and endo-beta-1,4-galactosidase, but not beta-1,3-galactosidase, significantly reduced LT-I binding. LT-I binding to fetuin and transferrin exhibited a similar glycosidase sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A 1.9GHz image-reject front-end with automatic tuning in a 0.15μm CMOS technology (2003)

A 1.9GHz front-end consists of an LNA, an image-reject notch filter with automatic frequency and Q tuning circuits, and a down-conversion mixer. Implemented in a 0.15/spl mu/m CMOS process, the 0.45mm/sup 2/ front-end achieves 5.4dB noise figure, -12dBm IIP3 and consumes 19mW from 1.5V supply.
Hemoglobin, a newly recognized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein that enhances LPS biological activity. (1994)

Cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) is a purified preparation of human hemoglobin that is being developed as a resuscitation fluid. In vivo administration of hemoglobin has resulted in significant toxicity, due in part to contamination with bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). To better understand this toxicity, we have studied the interaction between Hb and LPS. Mixtures of each of three different Hb preparations (cross-linked alpha alpha Hb, cross-linked carbon monoxy-alpha alpha HbCO, and non-cross-linked (native) HbAo) and LPS (Escherichia coli O26:B6 or Proteus mirabilis S1959) were examined by several independent methods for evidence of Hb.LPS complex formation. Binding assays in microtiter plates demonstrated saturable binding of LPS to immobilized Hb, with a kD of 3.1 x 10(-8) M. Binding of LPS to Hb also was demonstrated wiht a radiolabeled LPS photoaffinity probe. Ultrafiltration of Hb/LPS mixtures by 300- and 100-kDa cut-off membranes showed that the majority of LPS in these mixtures (87-97 and 64-72%, respectively) was detected in the filtrates, in contrast to the lack of filterability of LPS in the absence of Hb. Density centrifugation demonstrated that LPS co-migrated with each of the three Hbs, whereas unbound LPS had a distinctly greater sedimentation velocity than Hb or Hb.LPS complexes. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that in the presence of Hb, LPS migrated into the gel and co-electrophoresed with Hb, whereas LPS alone did not appreciably enter the gel. Finally, precipitation by ethanol of each of the three Hb preparations was increased in the presence of LPS compared with precipitation in the absence of LPS. Interaction of LPS with each of the three Hb preparations was also associated with altered biological activity of LPS, as shown by enhancement of LPS activation of Limulus amebocyte lysate. Therefore, our data provide several lines of independent evidence for Hb-LPS complex formation and indicated that LPS exhibited altered physical characteristics and enhanced biological activity in the presence of Hb.
The buzz (2008)

Information awareness applications offer the exciting potential to help people to better manage the data they encounter on a routine basis, but customizing these applications is a difficult task. Most applications allow users to perform basic customizations or programmers to create advanced ones. We present an intermediate customization space and Cocoa Buzz, an application that demonstrates one way to bridge these two extremes. Cocoa Buzz runs on an extra display on the user's desktop or on a large shared display and cycles through different information sources customized by the user. We further demonstrate some of the customizations that have been made using this approach. We show some preliminary evidence to suggest that this approach may be useful at providing users with the ability to perform customizations across this spectrum.
Distinct Roles for Lateral and Medial Anterior Prefrontal Cortex in Contextual Recollection (2005)

A key feature of human recollection is the ability to remember details of the context in which events were experienced, as well as details of the events themselves. Previous studies have implicated a number of regions of prefrontal cortex in contextual recollection, but the role of anterior prefrontal cortex has so far resisted detailed characterization. We used event-related functional MRI (fMRI) to contrast recollection of two forms of contextual information: 1) decisions one had previously made about stimuli (task memory) and 2) which of two temporally distinct lists those stimuli had been presented in (list memory). In addition, a retrieval cue manipulation permitted evaluation of the stage of the retrieval process in which the activated regions might be involved. The results indicated that anterior prefrontal cortex responded significantly more during recollection of task than list context details. Furthermore, activation profiles for lateral and medial aspects of anterior prefrontal cortex suggested differing roles in recollection. Lateral regions seem to be more involved in the early retrieval specification stages of recollection, with medial regions contributing to later stages (e.g., monitoring and verification).
Chiral (Acyloxy)borane Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of Aldehydes (1991)

Chiral (acyloxy)borane, obtained from (2R, 3R)-2-O-(2,6-diisopropoxybenzoyl)tartaric acid and tetrahydrofuranborane complex, catalyzes the allylation of achiral aldehydes with allylsilanes to afford homoallylic alcohols with high enantiomeric excess. The reactions proceed in a catalytic manner.
Performance Comparison of Three Samplers of Suspended Airborne Particulate Matter (1982)

The University of Arizona and the Pima County Air Pollution Control District conducted a comparison study of the following aerosol samplers: a standard high-volume sampler, a high-volume sampler fitted with a size selective inlet, and a dichotomous virtual impactor. Over sixty samples were collected with the colocated samplers during the first six months of 1981. The concentration (μg/m3) of suspended particulate matter and of sulfate was determined for all the samples, while the concentration of four lithophilic elements (Ca, Fe, Mg, and K) was determined on one third of the samples. Well-defined linear relationships for suspended particulate matter and sulfate were found to exist between each of the three sample collection methods over the concentrafion range encountered in this study. For these samples, there were significant differences in the particulate mass and large particle lithophilic element concentrations collected by each device. However, sulfate values obtained from the three samplers were in excellent agreement with each other. This suggests that the inlet collection efficiency for large particles differs significantly for these three sampling devices. Since the size selective inlet and the dichotomous virtual impactor samplers are each designed for collection of inhalable particles (particles of 15 μm aerodynamic diameter and smaller), they would have been expected to measure approximately equivalent particle mass concentrations. Thus, these differences are important to those interested in selecting a method for measuring airborne particle mass concentrations.
Elongator subunit 2 is an accelerator of immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana (2010)

Immune responses in eukaryotes involve rapid and profound transcriptional reprogramming. Although mechanisms regulating the amplitude of defense gene expression have been extensively characterized, those controlling the speed of defense gene induction are not well understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis Elongator subunit 2 (AtELP2) regulates the kinetics of defense gene induction. AtELP2 is required for rapid defense gene induction and the establishment of full basal and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Surprisingly, biological or chemical induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a long-lasting plant immunity against a broad spectrum of pathogens, restores pathogen resistance to Atelp2 mutant plants. Simultaneous removal of AtELP2 and NPR1, a transcription coactivator essential for full-scale expression of a subset of defense genes and the establishment of SAR, completely abolishes resistance to two different ETI-inducing pathogens. These results demonstrate that AtELP2 is an accelerator of defense gene induction, which functions largely independently of NPR1 in establishing plant immunity.
Mass spectroscopy. 2nd edition (1986)

This book is part of the series Cambridge Monographs on Physics. As such, it is written by physicists for physicists and contains far more mathematical formulae than chemical formulae, more applications of mass spectrometry to geology and space research than to organic chemistry. It is exactly this perspective that makes the book a refreshing complement to all those other books on mass spectrometry sitting on the library shelf. After a brief history of mass spectrometry, the chapters are devoted about equally to instrumentation (ion optics, ion sources, ion detection, deflection mass analyzers, and other mass analyzers) and applications (determination of isotopic abundances, atomic masses, applications to nuclear research, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, solid state physics, geology and cosmology, and upper atmosphere and space research). Each chapter is clearly and concisely written and abundantly documented (over 1150 references) to make the work ian important reference. (Just how does a Wien filter or a Daly detector work.). The references cover the period from 1886 to 1980 in detail, but the more recent research is not well represented.
Understanding and controlling the chemical evolution and polysulfide-blocking ability of lithium–sulfur battery membranes cast from polymers of intrinsic microporosity (2016)

By understanding how PIM-1 membrane reactivity affects its ion-transport selectivity, it’s possible to intervene to stabilize it in a Li–S battery.
Excluded minors, network decomposition, and multicommodity flow (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Excluded minors, network decomposition, and multicommodity flow Authors: Philip Klein View Profile , Serge A. Plotkin View Profile , Satish Rao View Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '93: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of ComputingJune 1993 Pages 682–690https://doi.org/10.1145/167088.167261Online:01 June 1993Publication History 139citation1,056DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations139Total Downloads1,056Last 12 Months40Last 6 weeks15 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Low‐field MRI: An MR physics perspective (2019)

Historically, clinical MRI started with main magnetic field strengths in the ∼0.05-0.35T range. In the past 40 years there have been considerable developments in MRI hardware, with one of the primary ones being the trend to higher magnetic fields. While resulting in large improvements in data quality and diagnostic value, such developments have meant that conventional systems at 1.5 and 3T remain relatively expensive pieces of medical imaging equipment, and are out of the financial reach for much of the world. In this review we describe the current state-of-the-art of low-field systems (defined as 0.25-1T), both with respect to its low cost, low foot-print, and subject accessibility. Furthermore, we discuss how low field could potentially benefit from many of the developments that have occurred in higher-field MRI. In the first section, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dependence on the static magnetic field and its impact on the achievable contrast, resolution, and acquisition times are discussed from a theoretical perspective. In the second section, developments in hardware (eg, magnet, gradient, and RF coils) used both in experimental low-field scanners and also those that are currently in the market are reviewed. In the final section the potential roles of new acquisition readouts, motion tracking, and image reconstruction strategies, currently being developed primarily at higher fields, are presented. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Hanging Gondola Structure of the T1 Domain in a Voltage-Gated K<sup>+</sup> Channel (2000)

The T1 domain is a approximately 100-residue sequence in the cytoplasmic N-terminal region of K(v)-type K(+) channels. The structure of the isolated domain is known, but it is uncertain whether the structure of this domain is maintained in the fully assembled, membrane-associated, homotetrameric channel protein. We use the structure of the isolated domain as a guide for designing disulfide bonds to cross-link Shaker K(+) channels through the T1 domain. Six pairs of residues with side chains closely apposed across the T1 subunit interface were selected for replacement by cysteine. Of these, three pairs formed cross-links upon air oxidation of cysteine-substituted Shaker channels expressed in Xenopus oocyte membranes. Two of these cross-linked channels were examined electrophysiologically and were found to have gating properties only slightly altered from wild-type. The results show that the structure of the isolated T1 domain exists in the mature ion channel. They also demand that this domain is attached to the membrane-embedded part of the protein as a cytoplasmic "hanging gondola", and that ions gain access to the pore through four "windows" formed by the linker connecting T1 to the channel's first transmembrane helix.
Influence of Lactobacillus Biosurfactants on Skin Permeation of Hydrocortisone (2021)

One of the most widely used strategies to improve drug diffusion through the skin is the use of permeation enhancers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of two biosurfactants (BS), produced by <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> BC1 and <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> BC9, on the skin permeation profile of hydrocortisone (HC, model drug). HC aqueous solubility and in vitro diffusion studies through porcine skin were performed in the presence of BC1-BS and BC9-BS at concentrations below and above critical micellar concentrations (CMC). Moreover, skin hydration tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed to further investigate BS interaction with the outermost layer of the skin. Both BS increased HC solubility, especially at concentrations above their CMC. At concentrations below the CMC, drug permeation through the skin was improved, as the result of a dual effect: a) the formation of a superficial lipophilic environment, as confirmed by the reduction in skin hydration and b) the interaction between BS and the stratum corneum (SC), as demonstrated by the DSC curves. From the obtained data, it appears that BC1-BS and BC9-BS could represent new promising green excipients for drug permeation enhancement through the skin.