gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Norfloxacin: Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Use (1987)

Norfloxacin, a nalidixic acid analog, is the first of the fluorinated quinolinecarboxylic acids to be marketed in the United States. It demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria including the Enterobacteriaceae, gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Norfloxacin exhibits good activity against methicillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, but less activity against most other aerobic, gram-positive organisms. Anaerobic bacteria are resistant to the drug. Resistance to norfloxacin is not plasmid mediated, but is secondary to bacterial mutation, and occurs less frequently than nalidixic acid resistance. Its pharmacokinetic properties after a 400-mg oral dose consist of a peak serum concentration of 1.3-1.58 micrograms/ml, an elimination half-life of 3-7 hours, and good penetration into kidney and prostatic tissues. Renal excretion is the major route of elimination. Norfloxacin is highly effective in the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections, and gonococcal urethritis. Adverse effects are generally well tolerated and usually do not require discontinuation of therapy.
Evaluation of platelet surface glycoproteins in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia (2017)

Type I GT was found most common in our patients and with lowered mean CD41 expression in comparison with CD61. Type III GT patients had significantly lower numbers of severe bleeders, but the severity of bleeding did not vary significantly in type I and II GT patients.
Transmission through and wave guidance on metal plates perforated by periodic arrays of through‐holes of subwavelength coaxial cross‐section (2007)

Abstract Perfect electrically conducting (PEC) plates perforated by doubly periodic arrays of through‐holes of subwavelength coaxial cross‐section permit enhanced transmission of plane waves and support surface wave guidance. The transmission enhancement is attributed to coupling of free‐space fields to TEM and TE 11 modal fields in holes and occurs via two distinct mechanisms. The first couples incident fields to local resonances (cavity modes) supported by individual holes. The second couples scattered fields (diffraction modes) to global resonances (surface waves). The surface waves arise due to strong interactions between the holes and can have a large propagation wavenumber. The presented PEC model is adequate in the microwave and terahertz regimes and insights into related wave phenomena at optical frequencies.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1554–1558, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22484
Enhanced Oil Recovery: An Update Review (2010)

With the decline in oil discoveries during the last decades it is believed that EOR technologies will play a key role to meet the energy demand in years to come. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EOR status and opportunities to increase final recovery factors in reservoirs ranging from extra heavy oil to gas condensate. Specifically, the paper discusses EOR status and opportunities organized by reservoir lithology (sandstone and carbonates formations and turbiditic reservoirs to a lesser extent) and offshore and onshore fields. Risk and rewards of EOR methods including growing trends in recent years such as CO2 injection, high pressure air injection (HPAI) and chemical flooding are addressed including a brief overview of CO2-EOR project economics.
Total Synthesis of Lacosamide (2014)

Total synthesis of anticonvulsant amino acid, lacosamide, is reported. The key step is stereospecific allyl cyanate-to-isocyanate rearrangement, which proceeds with chirality transfer. The enantiopure starting material for the rearrangement step was accessed from ethyl L-lactate.
A Common Motif within the Negative Regulatory Regions of Multiple Factors Inhibits Their Transcriptional Synergy (2000)

DNA regulatory elements frequently harbor multiple recognition sites for several transcriptional activators. The response mounted from such compound response elements is often more pronounced than the simple sum of effects observed at single binding sites. The determinants of such transcriptional synergy and its control, however, are poorly understood. Through a genetic approach, we have uncovered a novel protein motif that limits the transcriptional synergy of multiple DNA-binding regulators. Disruption of these conserved synergy control motifs (SC motifs) selectively increases activity at compound, but not single, response elements. Although isolated SC motifs do not regulate transcription when tethered to DNA, their transfer to an activator lacking them is sufficient to impose limits on synergy. Mechanistic analysis of the two SC motifs found in the glucocorticoid receptor N-terminal region reveals that they function irrespective of the arrangement of the receptor binding sites or their distance from the transcription start site. Proper function, however, requires the receptor's ligand-binding domain and an engaged dimer interface. Notably, the motifs are not functional in yeast and do not alter the effect of p160 coactivators, suggesting that they require other nonconserved components to operate. Many activators across multiple classes harbor seemingly unrelated negative regulatory regions. The presence of SC motifs within them, however, suggests a common function and identifies SC motifs as critical elements of a general mechanism to modulate higher-order interactions among transcriptional regulators.
Platelet-activating factor. A putative mediator in central nervous system injury? (1990)

Platelet-activating factor (1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) is a potent lipid autacoid produced by many cell types. Platelet-activating factor is produced by cerebellar granule cells in culture and has been extracted from brain tissue. Multiple platelet-activating factor receptors have been demonstrated in brain tissue. Activation of platelet-activating factor receptors in transformed neuronal cell lines involved increases in intracellular calcium. Platelet-activating factor has potent actions on cerebral vessels and cerebral metabolism when administered in vivo, but may not have direct effects on brain microvessels. Excessive platelet-activating factor production in pathological states of the nervous system such as neurotrauma and stroke has been shown in only a few models (e.g., spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion or focal repercussion brain injury). In multiple studies using highly specific and potent platelet-activating factor antagonists, reversal or prevention of key consequences of brain injury such as hypoperfusion following ischemia, reperfusion and edema, inflammatory cell accumulation, neurologic/motor deficits, and neuronal salvage were demonstrated. This review provides and analyzes evidence in support of the role that platelet-activating factor might have in modulation of brain function and pathophysiological processes in brain ischemia and trauma.
FVB/N mice: an inbred strain sensitive to the chemical induction of squamous cell carcinomas in the skin (1993)

The widespread use of FVB/N mice for the establishment of transgenic lines containing active oncogenes suggested the importance of testing the parent FVB/N mice for sensitivity to experimental carcinogenesis. After initiation of mouse skin by a single treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promotion by 20 weekly applications of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the skin tumor incidence was compared in FVB/N mice, TPA-sensitive (SENCAR and CD-1) and TPA-resistant mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6). Initiation by 25 micrograms DMBA followed by promotion with a low dose of TPA (2 micrograms/week) induced one or more papillomas in only 25% of FVB/N mice, compared with 100% in SENCAR, 53% in CD-1, 17% in BALB/c and 0% in C57BL/6 mice. At a more effective dose of TPA (5 micrograms/week), FVB/N mice initiated by 5, 25 or 100 micrograms DMBA developed 3.4, 6.9 and 11.8 papillomas per mouse. In contrast, the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (17-18/30 mice) did not increase with DMBA dose. TPA promotion of non-initiated mice induced only six papillomas, but three progressed to SCCs, a high rate of malignant conversion. Skin tumor induction by 20 weekly treatments with 10 micrograms DMBA produced few papillomas, but 50.0% of the papillomas progressed to carcinomas in FVB/N mice, compared with 9.15% in SENCAR, 37.5% in CD-1, 23.1% in BALB/c and 15.0% in C57CL/6 mice. The first carcinomas appeared after 14 weeks in FVB/N, 24 weeks in SENCAR, 26 weeks in CD-1 and C57BL/6 and 34 weeks in BALB/c mice. Thus, FVB/N mice develop an unusually high incidence of SCCs after treatment with repeated DMBA, DMBA initiation-TPA promotion and even TPA alone.
Therapeutic Potential of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor AG014699 in Human Cancers With Mutated or Methylated BRCA1 or BRCA2 (2010)

Human cancer cells or xenograft tumors with mutated or epigenetically silenced BRCA1/2 were sensitive to AG014699 monotherapy, indicating a potential role for PARP inhibitors in sporadic human cancers.
Low-cost differential front-end for Doppler radar vital sign monitoring (2009)

We present a differential front end design for improving the performance of short-range low-cost Doppler radars for vital sign detection with application to automotive driver safety systems, health monitoring, and security screening. By using dual helical antennas each with a 40-degree beamwidth, it is possible to illuminate the body in two adjacent locations to perform a differential measurement. Since only one of the beams illuminates the heart, the baseband signal from the second radar is used for motion cancellation. We demonstrate this approach using a custom-designed dual helical antenna and simple direct-conversion radar circuits implemented in microstrip operating at 2.460 GHz and 2.510 GHz., respectively. Heart rate data is shown for detection distances of 0.5 meter showing reduction in background motion noise compared to data from traditional single radar unit design.
Low magnetic field dynamic nuclear polarization using a single-coil two-channel probe (1997)

We describe the design and construction of a single-coil, two-channel probe for the detection of low-field magnetic resonance using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The high-frequency channel of the probe, which is used to saturate the electron spins, is tuned to the electron Larmor frequency, 75 MHz at 2.7 mT, and matched to 50 Ω. Low-field, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is detected through the second, low-frequency channel at frequencies &lt;1 MHz. The performance of the probe was tested by measuring the DNP of protons in a manganese (II) chloride solution at 2.7 mT. At the proton NMR frequency of 120 kHz, the signal amplitude was enhanced over the value without DNP by a factor of about 200.
Electrochemical Studies on Single Crystalline CuCl Solid Electrolyte (1975)

The d‐c polarization technique, relaxation technique, and the charge transfer technique have been applied to cuprous chloride single crystals for the determinations of electronic conductivity, mobility of electronic carriers, and the double layer capacitance at interface. A method to separate the electronic charge transfer is presented. It has been shown that the redistribution of electronic carriers within the solid electrolyte in which the concentrations of electronic carriers exponentially increase with the applied potential may make a significant contribution to transient measurements involving a polarization cell. Further, ideal polarization kinetics were observed for the interface in the temperature range of 200°–300°C, because the electronic charge transfer was made negligible by selecting the proper parameters such as thickness of the electrolyte and the magnitude of the applied potential step as well as the values of the applied potentials, and , on the polarization cell.
Improvements of the electrophoretic mobility test to measure lymphocyte sensitization. (1978)

The hydrodynamics of a freely bubbling, pseudo 2-D fluidized bed has been investigated experimentally for different bed aspect ratios at different superficial gas velocities by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) combined with Digital Image Analysis (DIA). Coupling of both non-invasive measuring techniques allows us to obtain information on both the bubble behaviour and emulsion phase circulation patterns simultaneously. In particular, the combination of DIA with PIV allows to correct for the influence of particle raining through the roof of the bubbles on the time-averaged emulsion phase velocity profiles.\nOn a étudié de façon expérimentale l'hydrodynamique d'un lit fluidisé pseudo 2-D en bouillonnement libre, pour différents rapports de forme de lits à différentes vitesses de gaz superficielles par vélocimétrie à images de particules (PIV) combinée à l'analyse d'images numériques (DIA). Le couplage de deux techniques de mesure non invasives nous permet d'obtenir de l'information sur le comportement des bulles et les schémas de circulation de la phase d'émulsion, simultanément. En particulier, la combinaison de DIA et de PIV permet de corriger l'influence de la pluie de particules s'écoulant du toit de bulles sur les profils de vitesse de la phase d'émulsion moyennés dans le temps.
Conformal Fabrication of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids for Optically Enhanced Photovoltaics (2015)

Colloidal quantum dots (CQD) are an attractive thin-film material for photovoltaic applications due to low material costs, ease of fabrication, and size-tunable band gap. Unfortunately, today they suffer from a compromise between light absorption and photocarrier extraction, a fact that currently prevents the complete harvest of incoming above-band-gap solar photons. We have investigated the use of structured substrates and/or electrodes to increase the effective light path through the active material and found that these designs require highly conformal application of the light-absorbing films to achieve the greatest enhancement. This conformality requirement derives from the need for maximal absorption enhancement combined with shortest-distance charge transport. Here we report on a means of processing highly conformal layer-by-layer deposited CQD absorber films onto microstructured, light-recycling electrodes. Specifically, we engineer surface hydrophilicity to achieve conformal deposition of upper layers atop underlying ones. We show that only with the application of conformal coating can we achieve optimal quantum efficiency and enhanced power conversion efficiency in structured-electrode CQD cells.
Cardiovascular Complications of Cancer Therapy (2004)

The cardiotoxicity of anticancer agents can lead to significant complications that can affect patients being treated for various malignancies. The severity of such toxicity depends on many factors such as the molecular site of action, the immediate and cumulative dose, the method of administration, the presence of any underlying cardiac condition, and the demographics of the patient. Moreover, toxicity can be affected by current or previous treatment with other antineoplastic agents. Cardiotoxic effects can occur immediately during administration of the drug, or they may not manifest themselves until months or years after the patient has been treated. In this article we review commonly used chemotherapy agents, including several recently approved medications, for their propensity to cause cardiotoxicity. Further research will be required to more accurately predict which patients are at risk for developing cardiotoxicity. In addition, management plans, as well as strategies to reduce cardiotoxicity, need to be developed.
Peptization and Al-Keggin species in alumina sol (2015)

A novel sol-gel proces for preparing alumina sol is reported in this article. Using this new method alumina sols can be prepared from inexpensive materials such as inorganic aluminium salts. Influence of the type and amount of acid (HCl(aq) and HNO 3 (aq)), used for aluminium hydroxide peptization, were investigated. 27 Al NMR, N 2 absorption (single-point BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and dynamic thermoanalytical meauserments (TG) were used to detect the properties of the alumina sol and xerogel. The results of 27 Al NMR shows there are Keggin-Al 13 7+ species in the sol. Besides Al 13 7+ species some other reactive polymers with hexameric ring structure also exist in the sol. The results of this work show that the higher ratio n(acid) / n( Al(OH) 3 ) (peptization ratio) leads to an increase in crystallinity and amount of water in the aluminium xerogel, and to a decrease in specific surface area. The results also show that the role of acid is not only as catalyst for peptizing, but also as reactant to react with aluminium hydroxide to produce the Al 13 7+ species, and other reactive aluminium polymers.
The Diagnostic Yield of Histologic Examination of Seborrheic Keratoses (1997)

Our data suggest that there were differences in the rate of malignant tumors between dermatologists and nondermatologists and that clinically diagnosed, surgically removed seborrheic keratoses are more likely than clinically diagnosed, surgically removed melanocytic nevi to be malignant tumors.
Fault Detection of the Electrical Motors Based on Vibration Analysis (2015)

Detection and diagnosis of faults while the system is running can help to reduce all kind of losses. Mechanical faults, usages, slackness's, cause different noises and vibrations with different amplitude and frequency against the normal sound and movement of the equipment. Induction motors are present in any processes and systems and for this it is important to known the types of faults which can occur during its working. This paper presents briefly some electrical and mechanical faults in induction motors and how these faults influence the motor vibration. Each type of fault, electrical faults or mechanical faults, produces a vibration whit a specific frequency. Through monitoring and analyzing the vibration spectrum these specific frequencies can be detect and through these we can detect usages, slackness and forces which act and produce the fault. It is an undestroyed method to find out the functioning problems. If the amplitude of these vibrations reach to a certain level the fault can be detect and identify. The paper presents a possible two degree of freedom model for electrical motors. Motion equations and transfer function are deduced and through simulation can be followed how the vibration spectrum is changing for some important faults, like electrical imbalance, mechanical unbalance, looseness, bearings, external effects, base structure or resonance, which can be reduce to mass or spring variation in the system model. To obtain the behaviour of the system, the equations of the motion and Matlab simulations was used.
Centralized Conflict-free Cooperation for Connected and Automated Vehicles at Intersections by Proximal Policy Optimization. (2019)

Connected vehicles will change the modes of future transportation management and organization, especially at intersections. There are mainly two categories coordination methods at unsignalized intersection, i.e. centralized and distributed methods. Centralized coordination methods need huge computation resources since they own a centralized controller to optimize the trajectories for all approaching vehicles, while in distributed methods each approaching vehicles owns an individual controller to optimize the trajectory considering the motion information and the conflict relationship with its neighboring vehicles, which avoids huge computation but needs sophisticated manual design. In this paper, we propose a centralized conflict-free cooperation method for multiple connected vehicles at unsignalized intersection using reinforcement learning (RL) to address computation burden naturally by training offline. We firstly incorporate a prior model into proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm to accelerate learning process. Then we present the design of state, action and reward to formulate centralized cooperation as RL problem. Finally, we train a coordinate policy by our model-accelerated PPO (MA-PPO) in a simulation setting and analyze results. Results show that the method we propose improves the traffic efficiency of the intersection on the premise of ensuring no collision.
Thin Anode Supported SOFC (1999)

Some of the most important parameters for preparing anode supported electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) by co-sintering are discussed. Reported procedures for fabrication of YSZ electrolytes on NiO/YSZ anode precursor structures are listed, and a recent approach taken at Risø National Laboratory is presented. By cheap, scaleable processes a 10 to 25 jam thick electrolyte is co–sintered on a NiO/YSZ support only 200 to 250 µm thick. The produced half-cells are flexible and exhibit a tensile strength exceeding 150 MPa. After deposition of a composite cathode the cells attained a performance of about 0.4 Ωcm2 at 850°C in hydrogen with 2% water against air. Additional experiments indicate that performance is predominantly limited by diffusion impedance in the support and by cathode performance. Remedies for improvement of performance are thus available.
An 88-kilodalton antigen secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus (1993)

An 88-kDa component secreted in vitro by Aspergillus fumigatus has been purified by sequential chromatographic procedures. The molecule is a glycoprotein with an N-linked sugar moiety composed of mannose glucose, and galactose (16:10:1). It is recognized by antibodies from patients with aspergilloma and has potential for the immunodiagnosis of aspergilloma. The antigenicity is associated with the polypeptide part of the molecule (79 kDa).
Evolutionary history of the alpha2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia) gene family: Tandem duplications in early deuterostomes explain most of the diversity found in the vertebrate ST8Sia genes (2008)

Polysialylation appeared early in the deuterostome lineage. The recent release of several deuterostome genome databases and paralogons combined with synteny analysis allowed us to obtain insight into events at the gene level that led to the diversification of the ST8Sia genes, with their corresponding enzymatic activities, in both invertebrates and vertebrates. The initial expansion and subsequent divergence of the ST8Sia genes resulted as a consequence of a series of ancient duplications and translocations in the invertebrate genome long before the emergence of vertebrates. A second subset of ST8sia genes in the vertebrate genome arose from whole genome duplication (WGD) R1 and R2. Subsequent selective ST8Sia gene loss is responsible for the characteristic ST8Sia gene expression pattern observed today in individual species.
Portable Deep-Ultraviolet (DUV) Raman for Standoff Detection (2016)

Alakai Defense Systems has recently developed a man-portable ultraviolet Raman spectrometer system. The portable Raman improvised explosives detector was designed to provide rapid, standoff detection of chemicals of interest to the end user, including, but not limited to explosives, narcotics, toxic industrial chemicals, and toxic industrial materials. In this paper, we discuss general aspects of the system design and user interface. Spectral and instrument performance data are shown for several common materials involved in narcotics manufacture, as well as cocaine and heroin, with comparisons to currently marketed handheld Raman instruments.