gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Position of Mobile Terminals with Survey Data (2002)

Estimating the position of mobile terminals is an important problem for cellular networks. This paper describes low cost methods of locating mobile terminals in urban environments. These methods use data collected during propagation surveys of the network area. It will be shown how the maximum likelihood estimate and minimum mean-square error estimators can be approximated using survey data. Furthermore, the approximate solutions can provide low variance location estimates with low computational cost compared to other methods.
Bystander killing of tumour cells by antibody-targeted enzymatic activation of a glucuronide prodrug (1999)

RHI-betaG-PEG, formed by linking poly(ethylene glycol)-modified beta-glucuronidase to Mab RH1, was employed to examine bystander killing of antigen-negative N1S1 rat hepatoma cells by activation of a glucuronide prodrug (BHAMG) of p-hydroxyaniline mustard (pHAM) at antigen-positive AS-30D rat hepatoma cells. Sequential treatment of cells with 10 microg ml(-1) RH1-betaG-PEG and 20 microM BHAMG was not toxic to N1S1 cells but killed 99% of AS-30D cells. Over 98% of N1S1 cells, however, were killed in mixed populations containing as few as 2% AS-30D cells after identical treatment, demonstrating an in vitro bystander effect. Subcutaneous injection of AS-30D and N1S1 cells in BALB/c nu/nu mice produced solid tumours containing both cells. Uptake of radiolabelled RH1-betaG-PEG in solid AS-30D and mixed AS-30D/N1S1 tumours was 11.6 and 9.3 times greater than a control antibody conjugate 120 h after i.v. injection. Intravenous treatment with RH1-betaG-PEG and BHAMG cured seven of seven nude mice bearing solid s.c. AS-30D tumours and significantly delayed, compared with control conjugate and prodrug treatment, the growth of mixed N1S1/AS-30D tumours with one cure, showing that targeted activation of BHAMG kills bystander tumour cells in vivo.
Synthesis of Benzothieno[60]fullerenes through Fullerenyl Cation Intermediates (2019)

Benzothieno[60]fullerenes were synthesized using fullerenyl cations as key intermediates. The reaction proceeded through a nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom as a weak nucleophile to the fullerenyl cation electrophile. A monoarylated fullerene, (2-methylthiophenyl)hydro[60]fullerene, C<sub>60</sub>ArH (Ar = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-SMe-2 and so on; four derivatives) was subjected to deprotonation with KO tBu to form a fullerenyl anion ArC<sub>60</sub><sup>-</sup>, followed by oxidation using I<sub>2</sub> to generate a fullerenyl cation ArC<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup>, leading to intramolecular demethylative cyclization via fullerene cation-S interaction to the product. Electrochemical and computational studies revealed slightly narrower band gap of this compound than usual fullerene derivatives because of the relatively high-lying HOMO of the fused thieno moiety.
<i>EML4-ALK</i> Fusion Gene and Efficacy of an ALK Kinase Inhibitor in Lung Cancer (2008)

EML4-ALK is found in the minority of NSCLC. ALK kinase inhibitors alone or in combination may nevertheless be clinically effective treatments for NSCLC patients whose tumors contain EML4-ALK.
Auto‐Tandem Catalysis: Synthesis of Substituted 11<i>H</i>‐Indolo[3,2‐<i>c</i>]quinolines <i>via</i> Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular CN and Intramolecular CC Bond Formation (2008)

Abstract D ‐Ring substituted 11 H ‐indolo[3,2‐ c ]quinolines ( 4 ) have been prepared via auto‐tandem consecutive intermolecular Buchwald‐Hartwig reaction and intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed arylation on 4‐chloroquinoline ( 1 ) with N ‐unsubstituted 2‐chloroanilines ( 2 ). The reported 11 H ‐indolo[3,2‐ c ]quinolines ( 4 ) represent the first examples in which tandem catalysis has been used to construct N ‐unsubstituted carbolines.
LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairs (2021)

Multi-modal language-vision models trained on hundreds of millions of image-text pairs (e.g. CLIP, DALL-E) gained a recent surge, showing remarkable capability to perform zero- or few-shot learning and transfer even in absence of per-sample labels on target image data. Despite this trend, to date there has been no publicly available datasets of sufficient scale for training such models from scratch. To address this issue, in a community effort we build and release for public LAION-400M, a dataset with CLIP-filtered 400 million image-text pairs, their CLIP embeddings and kNN indices that allow efficient similarity search.
Generic 3D face pose estimation using facial shapes (2011)

Generic 3D face pose estimation from a single 2D facial image is an extremely crucial requirement for face-related research areas. To meet with the remaining challenges for face pose estimation, suggested Murphy-Chutorian et al. [13], we believe that the first step is to create a large corpus of a 3D facial shape database in which the statistical relationship between projected 2D shapes and corresponding pose parameters can be easily observed. Because fa- cial geometry provides the most essential information for facial pose, understanding the effect of pose parameters in 2D facial shapes is a key step toward solving the remaining challenges. In this paper, we present necessary tasks to reconstruct 3D facial shapes from multiple 2D images and then explain how to generate 2D projected shapes at any rotation interval. To deal with self occlusions, a novel hidden points removal (HPR) algorithm is also proposed. By flexibly changing the number of points in 2D shapes, we evaluate the performance of two different approaches for achieving generic 3D pose estimation in both coarse and fine levels and analyze the importance of facial shapes toward generic 3D pose estimation.
Wavelet transforms and hybrid neural nets for improved pore fluid prediction and reservoir properties estimation (2004)

The loop scale behavior of seismic signal is analyzed with time‐singularity spectrum derived from wavelet transforms. The instantaneous spectrum extracted(at a constant time) from the time‐frequency decomposition of seismic can have spurious jumps due to phase changes as a function of frequency. However, the singularity spectrum, which is corrected for the phase changes shows a much smoother behavior. Model studies indicate that the singularity spectrum is sensitive to changes in lithology and pore fluid type. The scale spectral behavior is calibrated to reservoir properties using a hybrid radial basis neural net. Results of some of the real data applications are discussed.
Quantum Efficiency and Noise Equivalent Power of Nanostructured, NbN, Single-Photon Detectors in the Wavelength Range From Visible to Infrared (2005)

We present our studies on the quantum efficiency (QE) and the noise equivalent power (NEP) of the latest-generation, nanostructured, superconducting, single-photon detectors (SSPDs) in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 5.6 /spl mu/m, operated at temperatures in the 2.0- to 4.2-K range. Our detectors are designed as 4-nm-thick and 100-nm-wide NbN meander-shaped stripes, patterned by electron-beam lithography and cover a 10/spl times/10-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ active area. The best-achieved QE at 2.0 K for 1.55-/spl mu/m photons is 17%, and QE for 1.3-/spl mu/m infrared photons reaches its saturation value of /spl sim/30%. The SSPD NEP at 2.0 K is as low as 5/spl times/10/sup -21/ W/Hz/sup -1/2/. Our nanostructured SSPDs, operated at 2.0 K, significantly outperform their semiconducting counterparts, and, together with their GHz counting rate and picosecond timing jitter, they are devices-of-choice for practical quantum key distribution systems and free-space (even interplanetary) quantum optical communications.
Monte Carlo simulation of the induced signal in semi-insulating GaAs detectors (1998)

We develop a Monte Carlo simulator of the charge signal induced by an external radiation on semi-insulating GaAs detectors. Trapping and detrapping processes and the dynamics of generated carriers are consistently accounted for. The relative contributions to the charge signal of fast- and slow-time components are found to depend significantly upon the applied voltage. Calculations provide a physical interpretation of experimental results.
Transplant tolerance modifying antibody to CD200 receptor, but not CD200, alters cytokine production profile from stimulated macrophages (2001)

Increased C57BL/6 allograft survival following donor-specific dendritic cell (DC) portal vein (pv) pre-transplant immunization of C3H mice is associated with increased expression of the molecule CD200 on DC, delivery of suppressive signals by CD200(r+) macrophages, and polarization in cytokine production towards type-2 cytokines. Infusion of anti-mouse CD200 monoclonal antibody abolishes these effects. We have used whole Ig, and F(ab')(2) fragments, of anti-CD200 and anti-CD200(r) mAb to explore the relative signaling role of CD200(+) versus CD200(r+) cells in suppression of type-1 cytokine production in mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC), and enhanced graft survival in vivo. Simple neutralization of CD200 [even by F(ab')(2) antibody] reversed CD200-mediated suppression. However, only whole anti-CD200(r) antibody was effective in stimulating suppression from CD200(r+) cells. Suppression of cytokine induction following cross-linking of CD200(r+) cells in vitro was attenuated by anti-IL-6 mAb. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that CD200(r) itself delivers the crucial intracellular signal leading to immunosuppression, a feature likely of importance in autoimmunity and transplantation.
Implications and Prognostic Value of K-ras Mutation for Early-Stage Lung Cancer in Women (1999)

After adjustment for environmental exposures, non-small-cell lung tumors in women appear to be more likely than those in men to harbor K-ras mutations, suggesting a possible role of estrogen exposure in either the initiation or the selection of K-ras mutant clones in adenocarcinoma. In addition, our data suggest that K-ras codon 12 mutation is a marker of aggressive NSCLC, as evidenced by its association with decreased patient survival, particularly for early-stage disease.
Protective Effect of a GLP-1 Analog on Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Blood–Retinal Barrier Breakdown and Inflammation (2016)

The present work suggests that Ex-4 can prevent IR injury-induced BRB breakdown and inflammation through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by activated microglia and may provide a novel option for therapeutic intervention in diseases involving retinal inflammation.
Performance evaluation of a TCP proxy in WCDMA networks (2003)

The article addresses the end-to-end performance of TCP in a scenario where WCDMA is used as the access link. In particular, the performance gain that can be achieved by placing a TCP split connection proxy in the WCDMA core network is examined. It is well known that performance enhancing proxies are able to improve the performance of TCP over wireless links that suffer from impairments. However, while previous work on TCP proxies for wireless systems either focused on other wireless systems, like wireless LAN or satellites, or provided a more generic framework, we address in detail the characteristics of a WCDMA access scenario supported by a TCP proxy. The characteristics of WCDMA as perceived by TCP are discussed thoroughly. We argue that the motivation for introducing a proxy is only to overcome problems stemming from a large bandwidth delay product and not to assist local transport layer error recovery at the wireless link. Based on simulations that consider both link layer protocols and TCP, the end-to-end performance for file downloads is investigated. Simulation results show that a proxy can significantly improve performance in the case of high data rates like 384 kb/s. For lower data rates, like 64 and 128 kb/s, it is sufficient to use a well configured TCP implementation.
A high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated with graphene-based electrodes (2011)

An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets modified with ruthenium oxide (RGO–RuO2) or polyaniline (RGO–PANi) as the anode and cathode, respectively. The ASC exhibited a significantly improved capacitive performance in comparison with that of the symmetric supercapacitors fabricated with RGO–RuO2 or RGO–PANi as the electrodes. The improvement was attributed to the broadened potential window in an aqueous electrolyte, leading to an energy density of 26.3 W h kg−1, about two-times higher than that of the symmetrical supercapacitors based on RGO–RuO2 (12.4 W h kg−1) and RGO–PANi (13.9 W h kg−1) electrodes. In addition, a power density of 49.8 kW kg−1 was obtained at an energy density of 6.8 W h kg−1.
Atypical isolates of Brucella abortus from Canada and the United States characterized as dye sensitive with M antigen dominant (1987)

A total of 41 Brucella isolates, examined by standard biotyping procedures, were found to be similar to Brucella abortus biovar 2 in dye sensitivity but had a dominant M antigen. Oxidative metabolic tests performed on 39 of the isolates confirmed them as B. abortus. Additional biochemical and bacteriophage susceptibility studies were performed on 35 of the isolates. The isolates had identical reactions in the various tests, except for one isolate which was resistant to lysis by all phage strains used. Two isolates were injected into guinea pigs and shown to be virulent. The isolates described in this study appear similar to atypical Brucella isolates previously reported in the United Kingdom and the United States and may form the basis of a new biovar, B. abortus biovar 10.
Current Updates on the Role of Microbiome in Endometriosis: A Narrative Review (2023)

Endometriosis affects approximately 6 to 10% of reproductive-age women globally. Despite much effort invested, the pathogenesis that promotes the development, as well as the progression of this chronic inflammatory disease, is poorly understood. The imbalance in the microbiome or dysbiosis has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, especially the gut microbiome. In the case of endometriosis, emerging evidence suggests that there may be urogenital-gastrointestinal crosstalk that leads to the development of endometriosis. Researchers may now exploit important information from microbiome studies to design endometriosis treatment strategies and disease biomarkers with the use of advanced molecular technologies and increased computational capacity. Future studies into the functional profile of the microbiome would greatly assist in the development of microbiome-based therapies to alleviate endometriosis symptoms and improve the quality of life of women suffering from endometriosis.
Essential Oil of Common Thyme as a Natural Antimicrobial Food Additive (2014)

Summary Antimicrobial activities of thyme essential oil against selected microorganisms, including Fusarium sp., Armillaria mellea, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Buttiauxella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli K-12, AmpC-producing E. coli Z, ESBL-producing E. coli strain of KM clonal group ST131, and E. coli 1138 were evaluated. The antimicrobial efficacy of thyme essential oil was determined using agar well diffusion assays. The growth of all tested bacteria was inhibited at thyme essential oil fractions higher than 1 %, while a fraction of 10 % was needed to inhibit the growth of fungi. We demonstrate that thyme essential oil has a promising activity against food spoilage bacteria, and also against multiresistant AmpC-producing and ESBL-producing bacterial strains isolated from food, which have recently been recognised as public health concerns. On the basis of our data, the thyme essential oil has a potential for use as a growth inhibitor of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and fungi, to replace commonly used semi-synthetic antimicrobial products.
Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for detection of Listeria monocytogenes (1988)

A 500-base-pair DNA fragment of a presumptive beta-hemolysin gene of Listeria monocytogenes has been used to identify this organism by a modified colony hybridization technique. We have cloned this DNA fragment into M13 bacteriophage vectors and sequenced it by a dideoxynucleotide sequencing technique. From this sequencing information, several oligodeoxyribonucleotides were synthesized and used as synthetic probes to identify L. monocytogenes. The probes were specific for L. monocytogenes and did not react with any other Listeria strains in a colony hybridization assay. In particular, one of these probes (AD07) was used to detect L. monocytogenes in artificially contaminated raw-milk and soft-cheese samples.
Image-Enabled Discourse: Investigating the Creation of Visual Information as Communicative Practice (2012)

Anyone who has clarified a thought or prompted a response during a conversation by drawing a picture has exploited the potential of image making as an interactive tool for conveying information. Images are increasingly ubiquitous in daily communication, in large part due to advances in visually enabled information and communication technologies (ICT), such as information visualization applications, image retrieval systems and visually enabled collaborative work tools. Human abilities to use images to communicate are however far more sophisticated and nuanced than these technologies currently support. In order to learn more about the practice of image making as a specialized form of information and communication behavior, this study examined face-to-face conversations involving the creation of ad hoc visualizations (i.e., “napkin drawings”). A model of image-enabled discourse is introduced, which positions image making as a specialized form of communicative practice. Multimodal analysis of video-recorded conversations
Electroactive Properties and Electrochemical Stability of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Poly(N-methylpyrrole) Multi-layered Films Generated by Anodic Oxidation (2007)

Multi-layered films of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and poly(N-methylpyrrole), have been prepared using a layer-by-layer electrodeposition technique. The electrochemical properties and the conductivity of the films formed by 3, 5 and 7 layers have been compared with their homopolymers and with the copolymers prepared from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and N-methylpyrrole with different concentration ratios. The electroactivity and stability of the multi-layered systems were higher than those of PEDOT homopolymer and copolymers. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties improved when the number of layers increased. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the multi-layered films is higher than those of poly(N-methylpyrrole) and copolymers, and comparable to the PEDOT homopolymers. These results indicate that multi-layered systems show better performance than their homopolymers and/or copolymers derivatives for some applications like anticorrosive coatings or sensor materials.
Massive MIMO Evolution Toward 3GPP Release 18 (2023)

Since the introduction of fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR) in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 15, swift progress has been made to evolve 5G with 3GPP Release 18 emerging. A critical aspect is the design of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. In this line, this paper makes several important contributions: We provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of standardized massive MIMO features from 3GPP Release 15 to 17 for both time/frequency-division duplex operation across frequency range in (FR)-1 and FR 2-1. We analyze the progress on channel state information (CSI) frameworks, beam management frameworks and present enhancements for uplink CSI. We shed light on emerging 3GPP Release 18 problems requiring imminent attention. These include advanced codebook design and sounding reference signal design for coherent joint transmission (CJT) with multiple transmission/reception points (multi TRPs). We discuss advancements in uplink demodulation reference signal design, enhancements for mobility to provide accurate CSI estimates, and unified transmission configuration indicator framework tailored for FR 2–1 bands. For each concept, we provide system level simulation results to highlight their performance benefits. Via field trials in an outdoor environment at Shanghai Jiaotong University, we demonstrate the gains of multi-TRP CJT relative to single TRP at 3.7 GHz.
The genetics of alcohol and other drug dependence. (2008)

Alcohol dependence and dependence on other drugs frequently co-occur, and strong evidence suggests that both disorders are, at least in part, influenced by genetic factors. Indeed, studies using twins suggest that the overlap between dependence on alcohol and on other drugs largely results from shared genetic factors. This common genetic liability, which also extends to antisocial behavior, has been conceptualized as a general predisposition toward a variety of forms of psychopathology characterized by disinhibited behavior (i.e., externalizing psychopathology). Accordingly, many of the genetic factors affecting risk for dependence on alcohol or other drugs appear to act through a general externalizing factor; however, other genetic factors appear to be specific to a certain disorder. In recent years, researchers have identified numerous genes as affecting risk for dependence on alcohol and other drugs. These include genes involved in alcohol metabolism as well as in the transmission of nerve cell signals and modulation of nerve cell activity (i.e., γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA] and acetylcholinergic neurotransmission and the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems).
Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Uptake of Phosphorus and Nitrogen From Soil (1995)

Colonization of plant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can greatly increase the plant uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen. The most prominent contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to plant growth is due to uptake of nutrients by extraradical mycorrhizal hyphae. Quantification of hyphal nutrient uptake has become possible by the use of soil boxes with separated growing zones for roots and hyphae. Many (but not all) tested fungal isolates increased phosphorus and nitrogen uptake of the plant by absorbing phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate from soil. However, compared with the nutrient demand of the plant for growth, the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to plant phosphorus uptake is usually much larger than the contribution to plant nitrogen uptake. The utilization of soil nutrients may depend more on efficient uptake of phosphate, nitrate, and ammonium from the soil solution even at low supply concentrations than on mobilization processes in the hyphosphere. In contrast to ectomycorrhizal fungi, nonsoluble nutrient sources in soil are used only to a limited extent by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Side effects of mycorrhizal colonization on, for example, plant health or root activity may also influence plant nutrient uptake.
40 Years of Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Adjacent to Heteroatoms: A Survey (2019)

Deuteration of bioactive molecules is gaining more and more attention, especially after the approval of the first deuterated drug (Austedo™) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Not only is deuteration important for drug development, the amount of deuterium in a molecule is critical for the production of standards in mass spectrometry and the selectivity of the deuteration is mandatory for NMR applications. Very frequently, the molecules involved in these applications contain several heteroatoms. It has been demonstrated that oxygen-, nitrogen-, and more recently, sulfur-containing molecules can be easily deuterated at the α position leading to high deuterium incorporation. In this review we will focus our attention on the historical background and the recent progress made on heteroatom-directed deuteration, with particular attention on the catalysts and the mechanisms that drive such transformations. 1 Introduction 2 Oxygen-Directed Deuteration 3 Nitrogen-Directed Deuteration 4 Sulfur-Directed Deuteration 5 Conclusion