gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical 2-D slot model for predicting AC losses in bar-wound machine windings due to armature reaction (2014)

A 2-D analytical closed-form model of bar-wound ac machine stator slots is presented for calculating ac winding losses attributable to armature reaction effects. The proposed model is capable of predicting the ac winding losses in the slots of bar-wound stators for arbitrary numbers of bar conductor layers excited with currents of variable amplitude, frequency, and phase angle. Finite element (FE) analysis has been used to raise confidence in the accuracy of the analytical model. The analytical model has been used to explore the impact of several key design variables on the ac winding losses including slot depth, winding depth, number of conductors per slot, and phase conductor slot order. These results show that skin and proximity effects can have a significant impact on the ac winding losses at elevated excitation frequencies, making it important to carefully consider the number of bars in each slot, their dimensions, and placement in the slot in order to minimize losses.
MR imaging of brain tumors: toward physiologic imaging. (2000)

A few short years ago, the introduction of contrast agents for MR imaging led to much excitement about the possibilities for evaluating the presurgical workup of patients with brain tumors. Tumor detection became much more feasible, blood brain–barrier (BBB) breakdown could be detected, and an
The Problem of Contemporary Parenting (1998)

Dennis Wrong (1988), in his book Power: Its Form, Bases and Uses, argues that the parent-child social relation is, in relation to the distribution of power, the most asymmetrical of all social relations. Drawing on Bertrand de Jouvenal’s (1962) famous analysis of the three attributes of power (comprehensiveness, intensiveness and extensiveness), he concludes (15–16) that the power of the parent (in the parent-child relation) is the most comprehensive of all modern social relations:
El nuevo sistema de financiación autonómica: descripción, estimación empírica y evaluación (2010)

El trabajo analiza el funcionamiento y las consecuencias distributivas del modelo de
financiacion autonomica aplicable desde 2009, desde la doble perspectiva estatica y dinamica,
y compara los resultados previstos de este nuevo modelo con los producidos por el modelo de
financiacion vigente hasta 2008. En el lado positivo de la reforma puede apuntarse que la
distribucion inicial de recursos por unidad de necesidad entre Comunidades Autonomas
presenta una dispersion mucho menor que en el modelo anterior. En el lado negativo, que el
nuevo modelo es poco claro acerca del criterio de nivelacion que incorpora y que el mecanismo
de actualizacion temporal no garantiza el mantenimiento a lo largo del tiempo de la estructura
distributiva de los recursos en el ano base, aunque es cierto que altera dicha estructura menos
que la regla de actualizacion utilizada en el modelo anterior.
Mapping the Agonist-binding Site of GABAB Type 1 Subunit Sheds Light on the Activation Process of GABABReceptors (2000)

The gamma-amino-n-butyric acid type B (GABA(B)) receptor is composed of two subunits, GABA(B)1 and GABA(B)2, belonging to the family 3 heptahelix receptors. These proteins possess two domains, a seven transmembrane core and an extracellular domain containing the agonist binding site. This binding domain is likely to fold like bacterial periplasmic binding proteins that are constituted of two lobes that close upon ligand binding. Here, using molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified residues in the GABA(B)1 subunit that are critical for agonist binding and activation of the heteromeric receptor. Our data suggest that two residues (Ser(246) and Asp(471)) located within lobe I form H bonds and a salt bridge with carboxylic and amino groups of GABA, respectively, demonstrating the pivotal role of lobe I in agonist binding. Interestingly, our data also suggest that a residue within lobe II (Tyr(366)) interacts with the agonists in a closed form model of the binding domain, and its mutation into Ala converts the agonist baclofen into an antagonist. These data demonstrate the pivotal role played by the GABA(B)1 subunit in the activation of the heteromeric GABA(B) receptor and are consistent with the idea that a closed state of the binding domain of family 3 receptors is required for their activation.
Obtaining Sethoxydim Resistance in Seashore Paspalum (2010)

Herbicide resistance has been a sought‐after trait for turfgrasses, however attempts to commercialize genetically modified (GM) turfgrasses have been unsuccessful. Sethoxydim (2‐[1‐(ethoxyimino]butyl)‐5‐[2‐(ethylthio)propyl]‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one) is a grass‐specific herbicide, and resistance results from one of two possible single base‐pair (bp) mutations. The most common mutation is an isoleucine (Ile) to leucine (Leu) substitution caused by an A to T mutation at position 1781 of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Research was initiated to develop a novel source of resistance to sethoxydim in seashore paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum Swartz ) The objectives of the present study were to develop in vitro selection and regeneration protocols to select for naturally occurring mutations conferring herbicide resistance. A dose response experiment was performed to determine the optimum sethoxydim concentration for selection. Callus was induced from immature inflorescences then plated on callus induction medium containing 10 μM sethoxydim for selection. Green plants were regenerated from resistant callus, the Ile to Leu mutation documented, and expression of herbicide resistance confirmed.
A new automated method of cloud masking for advanced very high resolution radiometer full‐resolution data over the ocean (1993)

This paper reports on a new algorithm to remove cloud‐contaminated pixels from daytime and nighttime 1‐km advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data. The technique was developed in response to Navy needs to efficiently and accurately eliminate cloud contaminated pixels from real‐time satellite digital images. The remaining “cloud free” sea surface temperature (SST) pixels would be available for analysts to utilize in tracking ocean mesoscale fronts and eddies as well as input to SST and ocean thermal analysis. Initial poor results with existing cloud‐masking techniques led to this effort. The method uses a series of approaches to locate cloud‐contaminated pixels which include (1) use of multiple bands to detect signatures not readily available from single‐channel data, (2) extraction of cloud edge information through local segmentation of the image using the cluster shade texture measure based on the gray level cooccurrence (GLC) matrix and, (3) discrimination of cloud‐free from cloud‐contaminated regions with an area labeling procedure. This technique is evaluated on identical data sets utilizing other experimental and operational cloud algorithms and cloud masks produced through human interpretation. This method, tested over a wide range of conditions and geographical locations, produces accurate and efficient daytime and nighttime SST data sets.
Azafulvenes. 2. Formation of Iminium Salt from Pyrrole- and Indolecarbaldehyde and Its Reaction with Bases (1975)

Abstract Pyrrole- and indolecarbaldehyde reacted with secondary ammonium perchlorate to produce the corresponding iminium perchlorate, which did not afford azafulvene, but instead its dimer, in good yield by deprotonation. These results indicate that the iminium perchlorate from pyrrole- and indolecarbaldehyde appears to be a convenient precursor of azafulvene.
Image super-resolution via multi-resolution image sequence (2013)

A novel super-resolution reconstruction algorithm of multi-resolution image sequence integrating the improved super-resolution reconstruction based on neighbor embedding with scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, SIFT key points in images are extracted. Then SIFT-feature-based image registration is used to map input high-resolution images to target low-resolution images. Secondly, the mapped images are used as training images and the neighbor embedding is adopted to reconstruct the high-resolution image. The proposed method performs well for problems caused by image deformation, change in viewpoints and change in illumination, which ruin the quality of image super-resolution. Experiments show that the proposed method performs better in terms of lower quantitative errors and better high-frequency information preservation.
New ecdysteroid conjugate: Isolation and identification of 26‐hydroxyecdysone 26‐phosphate from eggs of the tobacco hornworm, <i>Manduca sexta</i> (L.) (1985)

Abstract The major ecdysteroid conjugate present in eggs (48–64 h old) of the tobacco hornworm has been purified by XAD‐2 chromatography, C 18 SEP‐PAK separations, and ion suppression reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the conjugate with acid phosphatase from human seminal fluid gave 26‐hydroxyecdysone. The conjugate was identified as 26‐hydroxyecdysone 26‐phosphate by nuclear magnetic resonance and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. This compound is also the major conjugate of newly laid eggs (0–1 h old) of the tobacco hornworm. The role for ecdysteroid conjugates is discussed.
The Nrf2‐inducible antioxidant defense in astrocytes can be both up‐ and down‐regulated by activated microglia:Involvement of p38 MAPK (2011)

The effects of microglia-conditioned medium (MCM) on the inducible Nrf2 system in astrocyte-rich cultures were investigated by determination of glutathione (GSH) levels, γglutamylcysteine ligase (γGCL) activity, the protein levels of Nrf2, Keap1, the modulatory subunit of γGCL (γGCL-M) and activated MAP kinases (ERK1/2, JNK and p38). Microglia were either cultured for 24 h in serum-free culture medium to achieve microglia-conditioned medium from non-activated cells (MCM(0) ), used as control condition, or activated with different concentrations (0.1-1,000 ng mL(-1) ) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce MCM(0.1-1,000) . Acute exposure (24 h) to MCM(100) increased GSH, γGCL activity, the protein levels of γGCL-M, Nrf2, and activated JNK and ERK1/2 in astrocyte-rich cultures. In contrast, treatment with MCM(10) for 24 h decreased components of the Nrf2 system in parallel with activation of p38 MAPK. Stimulation of the Nrf2 system by tBHQ was partly intact after 24 h but blocked after 72 h treatment with MCM(10) and MCM(100) . This down-regulation after 72 h correlated with activation of p38 MAPK and lack of ERK1/2 and JNK activation. The negative effects were partly reversed by an inhibitor of p38 which restored tBHQ mediated protection against oxidative stress. In conclusion, the study showed a negative effect of MCM(10) on the inducible anti-oxidant defense in astrocyte-rich cultures at both 24 and 72 h that correlated with activation of p38 and was partly reversed by a p38 inhibitor. A transient protective effect of MCM(100) on astrocyte-rich cultures against H(2)O(2) toxicity was observed at 24 h which coincided with activation of JNK and ERK1/2.
Understanding the Factors Affecting the Formation of Carbonyl Iron Electrodes in Rechargeable Alkaline Iron Batteries (2012)

Rechargeable iron-based alkaline batteries such as iron – air and nickel – iron batteries are attractive for large-scale electrical energy storage because iron is inexpensive, globally-abundant and environmentally-friendly. Further, the iron electrode is known for its robustness to repeated charge/discharge cycling. During manufacturing these batteries are charged and discharged 20 to 50 times during which the discharge capacity of the iron electrode increases gradually and attains a stable value. This process of achieving stable capacity is called formation. In this study we have focused our efforts on understanding the effect of electrode design on formation. We have investigated the role of wetting agent, pore-former additive, and sulfide additive on the formation of carbonyl iron electrodes. The wetting agent increased the rate of formation while the pore-former additive increased the final capacity. Sodium sulfide added to the electrolyte worked as a de-passivation agent and increased the final discharge capacity. We have proposed a phenomenological model for the formation process that predicts the rate of formation and final discharge capacity given the design parameters for the electrode. The understanding gained here will be useful in reducing the time lost in formation and in maximizing the utilization of the iron electrode.
Dynamic supramolecular hybrid and mesoporous membranes (2007)

International audience
Semi-supervised learning for mobile robot localization using wireless signal strengths (2017)

This paper proposes a new semi-supervised machine learning for localization. It improves localization efficiency by reducing efforts needed to calibrate labeled training data by using unlabeled data, where training data come from received signal strengths of a wireless communication link. The main idea is to treat training data as spatio-temporal data. We compare the proposed algorithm with the state-of-art semi-supervised learning methods. The algorithms are evaluated for estimating the unknown location of a smartphone mobile robot. The experimental results show that the developed learning algorithm is the most accurate and robust to the varying amount of training data, without sacrificing the computation speed.
Local summarization and multi-level LSH for retrieving multi-variant audio tracks (2009)

In this paper we study the problem of detecting and grouping multi-variant audio tracks in large audio datasets. To address this issue, a fast and reliable retrieval method is necessary. But reliability requires elaborate representations of audio content, which challenges fast retrieval by similarity from a large audio database. To find a better tradeoff between retrieval quality and efficiency, we put forward an approach relying on local summarization and multi-level Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH). More precisely, each audio track is divided into multiple Continuously Correlated Periods (CCP) of variable length according to spectral similarity. The description for each CCP is calculated based on its Weighted Mean Chroma (WMC). A track is thus represented as a sequence of WMCs. Then, an adapted two-level LSH is employed for efficiently delineating a narrow relevant search region. The "coarse" hashing level restricts search to items having a non-negligible similarity to the query. The subsequent, "refined" level only returns items showing a much higher similarity. Experimental evaluations performed on a real multi-variant audio dataset confirm that our approach supports fast and reliable retrieval of audio track variants.
Biosynthesis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Its Role in Microbial Biofilm Formation (2007)

Microbial biofilm formed on abiotic surfaces is an important area of research because of the wide range of possible affects and the disinfectant resistance of the cells. The colonization of solid surfaces by microorganisms is a very complicated process that depends mostly on extracellular molecule production. The biosynthesis of EPS reflected not only the attachment and aggregation process but also provided an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between the cells. The comparative and comprehensive analysis of all documented data concerning EPS production can enable the development and effective con trol strategies for biofilms. In this review some of the basic concepts concerning the biosynthesis of EPS and potential function of these compounds in biofilm development were discussed. In the paper the positive and negative aspects of EPS production in the environment also were described.
Ternary complexes of copper(I) with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and some oxygen-donor ligands (1981)

A series of eight ternary complexes, viz.[Cu(dmphen)L](dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, L = a bidentate oxygen-donor ligand), has been synthesised and characterised. In those complexes containing a β-diketonate, substitution of CF3 for CH3 of the acetylacetonate is accompanied by a shift of the C–O and C–C stretching vibrations to higher frequencies and that of the M–O to lower frequencies, indicative of the strong positive inductive effect of the CF3 group. The 1H n.m.r. spectral results indicate that the eight ternary systems, unlike [Cu(dmphen)2Cl], remain essentially undissociated in chloroform solution.
Exploring the Challenges and Potentialities of the Database of Religious History for Cognitive Historiography (2018)

This article explores the potential impact and contribution of the Database of Religious History (DRH) project within the field of Cognitive Historiography. The DRH aims to bring together, in a systematic and open-access format, data on religious groups from across the globe and throughout history. By utilizing robust, open-source technologies and best-practice software principles, the DRH constitutes a novel and innovative approach to historical and cultural studies. As a contribution to the scientific study of both religion and history, the DRH offers data amenable to statistical analyses, thus providing tools for assessing diachronic cultural innovation and adaptation, the testing of grand narrative theories of religious change, and for enriching and revitalizing traditional fields such as comparative religions, history of religion(s), and anthropology of religion. In this article we explore the methods employed in collecting and digitizing historical data, identify our unit of analysis, outline the challenges of recruiting historians of various fields, and highlight the DRH’s methodological potential for both Religious Studies and Cognitive Historiography.
Collaborative Regulation of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Glutamate-Dependent Acid Resistance by Two AraC-Like Regulators, GadX and GadW (YhiW) (2002)

An important feature of Escherichia coli pathogenesis is an ability to withstand extremely acidic environments of pH 2 or lower. This acid resistance property contributes to the low infectious dose of pathogenic E. coli species. One very efficient E. coli acid resistance system encompasses two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (gadA and gadB) and a putative glutamate:gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) antiporter (gadC). The system is subject to complex controls that vary with growth media, growth phase, and growth pH. Previous work has revealed that the system is controlled by two sigma factors, two negative regulators (cyclic AMP receptor protein [CRP] and H-NS), and an AraC-like regulator called GadX. Earlier evidence suggested that the GadX protein acts both as a positive and negative regulator of the gadA and gadBC genes depending on environmental conditions. New data clarify this finding, revealing a collaborative regulation between GadX and another AraC-like regulator called GadW (previously YhiW). GadX and GadW are DNA binding proteins that form homodimers in vivo and are 42% homologous to each other. GadX activates expression of gadA and gadBC at any pH, while GadW inhibits GadX-dependent activation. Regulation of gadA and gadBC by either regulator requires an upstream, 20-bp GAD box sequence. Northern blot analysis further indicates that GadW represses expression of gadX. The results suggest a control circuit whereby GadW interacts with both the gadA and gadX promoters. GadW clearly represses gadX and, in situations where GadX is missing, activates gadA and gadBC. GadX, however, activates only gadA and gadBC expression. CRP also represses gadX expression. It does this primarily by repressing production of sigma S, the sigma factor responsible for gadX expression. In fact, the acid induction of gadA and gadBC observed when rich-medium cultures enter stationary phase corresponds to the acid induction of sigma S production. These complex control circuits impose tight rein over expression of the gadA and gadBC system yet provide flexibility for inducing acid resistance under many conditions that presage acid stress.
Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of <scp>l</scp>-2‘,3‘-Dideoxyisonucleosides via Regioselective Opening of Optically Active <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric 1,4-Pentadiene Bis-epoxide<sup>1</sup> (1998)

A new method for the synthesis of l-2‘,3‘-dideoxyisonucleosides is described. The readily available, optically active C2-symmetric bis-epoxide (2S,4S)-1,2:4,5-diepoxypentane (5) was prepared by a short route from readily available starting materials. The key step of the new synthesis is the opening of 5 with nucleophiles, which proceeds highly regioselectively; e.g., reaction with sodium sulfide affords a 5:1 mixture of the tetrahydrothiophenediol 9a and the tetrahydrothiopyrandiol 14, and reaction with sodium hydroxide gives exclusively the tetrahydrofurandiol 9b via a preferred 5-exo cyclization. These five-membered diols 9a,b can be converted in only four steps into the modified dideoxyuridine and adenosine isonucleosides 4a−c, one of which (4c) has shown good antiviral activity. In addition, we have examined the opening of the analogous six-carbon bis-epoxide, (2S,5S)-1,2:5,6-diepoxyhexane (23), which affords a 3:1 mixture of the hexahydrothiepinediol 24 and the tetrahydrothiopyrandiol 25 with sodium sulfide via a preferred 7-endo cyclization. An alternate route to these two optically active bis-epoxides 5 and 23 was also examined, namely the asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1,4-pentadiene and 1,5-hexadiene followed by selective sulfonylation and epoxide formation. The asymmetric reaction produces a nearly 1:1 mixture of optically active and meso tetrols, e.g., 28−9 and 32−3. Unfortunately, the tetrols, their simple derivatives, and the final sulfonates and epoxides could not be readily separated by any simple means.
Soliton generation at 10 MW level in the very high frequency band (1991)

Eletromagnetic solitions at a 10 MW level in a frequency band of several hundred megahertz are generated in a transmission line loaded by a nonlinear ceramic dielectric in the para- electric phase.
A vision-based lane detection system combining appearance segmentation and tracking of salient points (2013)

Reliable lane detection is a key component of autonomous vehicles supporting navigation in urban environments. This paper introduces the GOLDIE(Geometric Overture for Lane Detection by Intersections Entirety) system, a vision-based software architecture that uses an on-board single camera to determine the position of road lanes with respect to the vehicle. We propose an efficient vision-based lane-detection system that combines an appearance-based analysis with salient point tracking. The appearance-based analysis consists of segmenting high contrast areas that fit inside a Region-Of-Interest(ROI) on the frame. The salient point tracker selects interesting points based in a reference line, that guides a dynamic ROI. The tracking ROI look for paint lane marks close to the last lane reference found, where road marks are likely to emerge, in order to maintain the usability of the salient point tracker. The tracking is performed with the Lucas-Kanade algorithm and the lane points candidates are selected according to a predefined triangular model. Once such lanes points are detected, the vehicle position is estimated based on the intersection of linearised lanes determined through a vanishing point approach. Experiments and comparisons with other algorithms illustrate the applicability of the method.