gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>piggyBac</i> transposition into primordial germ cells is an efficient tool for transgenesis in chickens (2012)

Transgenic birds embody one of the most potent and exciting research tools in biotechnology for agriculture, medicine, and model animals. To date, retrovirus- or lentivirus-mediated transgenesis has been established in chickens and quail. However, despite having a valid technique for viral transduction to achieve transgenic birds, many obstacles exist for practical applications because of relatively low and variable rates of germ-line transmission and transgenic offspring showing transgene silencing, as well as safety issues related to viral vector use. Thus, the generation of transgenic poultry by nonviral integration is a prerequisite for the introduction of biotechnology to practical applications. Herein, we show that a germ-line-competent chicken primordial germ-cell (PGC) line was established with high efficiency of transmission to offspring and that piggyBac transposition into PGCs improved the efficiency of transgenic chicken production and led to high-level transgene expression. GFP transgene-expressing donor PGC-transferred recipient chickens produced donor-derived progenies, and the germ-line transmission efficiency of donor PGCs was 95.2% on average. Subsequently, half of the donor-derived offspring (52.2%) were transgenic chicks because GFP-expressing donor PGCs, in which a transgene was inserted into one chromosome 20, were heterozygous. In all of the transgenic chickens, GFP expression was constant and strong, regardless of age. Our results demonstrate that piggyBac transposition into the chicken PGC line could be the surest way to generate transgenic chickens safely for practical applications.
Operational Implementation of Ammonium Perchlorate Biodegradation. (1998)

Abstract : This technology is a low-cost biodegradation process that converts the perchlorate ion (ClO4-) in process wastewater to chloride (Cl-). Perchlorate can be reduced from a concentration greater than 1.0% to a concentration below detection limits (< 0.5 ppm). Effluents from this process can be discharged directly to conventional sewage treatment facilities. This process will: (1) Reduce environmental liability to DoD and its contractors by reducing the generation of hazardous wastes; (2) Minimize adverse impact of environmental compliance to DoD support operations; (3) Reduce cost for solid rocket propellant and large rocket motor disposal; (4) Facilitate component, propellant, and propellant ingredient recovery and reuse; and (5) Enable the continued use of AP, a critical defense material, in propulsion systems for the DoD. The objective of this demonstration was to provide a production-scale, operational validation of the ammonium perchlorate (AP) biodegradation process that was developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory. Components of an existing pilot-scale demonstration unit were modified and integrated into existing waste treatment facilities at Thiokol's production plant near Brigham City, Utah.
Accelerated cine DENSE MRI using compressed sensing and parallel imaging (2014)

Background Cine DENSE (Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes) provides accurate and high-resolution displacement and strain imaging of the heart; however, image acquisition times are relatively long and, due to properties inherent to stimulated echoes, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is relatively low. Accelerated cine DENSE could substantially shorten scan times and/or provide improved spatial and/or temporal resolution; however, the low SNR, requirement to preserve phase information, and cardiac motion present technical challenges. We aimed to develop acceleration methods that overcome these challenges.
High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitor Enabled by a High‐Rate Si‐based Anode (2014)

A hybrid supercapacitor constructed of a Si‐based anode and a porous carbon cathode is demonstrated with both high power and energy densities. Boron‐doping is employed to improve the rate capability of the Si‐based anode (B‐Si/SiO 2 /C). At a high current density of 6.4 A/g, B‐Si/SiO 2 /C delivers a capacity of 685 mAh/g, 2.4 times that of the undoped Si/SiO 2 /C. Benefiting from the high rate performance along with low working voltage, high capacity, and good cycling stability of B‐Si/SiO 2 /C, the hybrid supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 128 Wh/kg at 1229 W/kg. Even when power density increases to the level of a conventional supercapacitor (9704 W/kg), 89 Wh/kg can be obtained, the highest values of any hybrid supercapacitor to date. Long cycling life (capacity retention of 70% after 6000 cycles) and low self‐discharge rate (voltage retention of 82% after 50 hours) are also achieved. This work opens an avenue for development of high‐performance hybrid supercapacitors using high‐performance Si‐based anodes.
Lidar for remote measurement of ozone in the exhaust plumes of launch vehicles (1996)

Large quantities of chlorine and alumina particles are injected directly into the stratosphere by the current fleet of launch vehicles. Environmental concerns have been raised over the impact of the rocket exhaust on the ozone layer. Recently differential absorption lidar (DIAL) was selected for remote sensing of ozone density within the plumes of Titan IV launch vehicles. The application of DIAL to this very challenging problem is described, and an implementation of UV-ozone DIAL is discussed that holds promise for this application.
Δ12-prostaglandin J3, an omega-3 fatty acid–derived metabolite, selectively ablates leukemia stem cells in mice (2011)

Targeting cancer stem cells is of paramount importance in successfully preventing cancer relapse. Recently, in silico screening of public gene-expression datasets identified cyclooxygenase-derived cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPGs) as likely agents to target malignant stem cells. We show here that Δ(12)-PGJ(3), a novel and naturally produced CyPG from the dietary fish-oil ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) alleviates the development of leukemia in 2 well-studied murine models of leukemia. IP administration of Δ(12)-PGJ(3) to mice infected with Friend erythroleukemia virus or those expressing the chronic myelogenous leukemia oncoprotein BCR-ABL in the hematopoietic stem cell pool completely restored normal hematologic parameters, splenic histology, and enhanced survival. More importantly, Δ(12)-PGJ(3) selectively targeted leukemia stem cells (LSCs) for apoptosis in the spleen and BM. This treatment completely eradicated LSCs in vivo, as demonstrated by the inability of donor cells from treated mice to cause leukemia in secondary transplantations. Given the potency of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived CyPGs and the well-known refractoriness of LSCs to currently used clinical agents, Δ(12)-PGJ(3) may represent a new chemotherapeutic for leukemia that targets LSCs.
Advanced Fluidized Bed Combustion Sorbent Reactivation Technology (2003)

A new technique for simultaneous grinding and hydrating of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) bottom ash has been developed. This method has been shown to be effective in hydrating the CaO component of the ash, so that the sorbent is reactivated. Careful control of water levels is required to prevent energy demand increases for grinding. No problems associated with the potentially exothermic reaction of water with FBC bottom ash have been observed during grinding. When excess water (over that required by hydration) is used, the resulting material is a slurry and, while quantitative conversion of CaO in the solids is achieved, using the slurry for the sorbent would require a redesign of the limestone feed system. Therefore, coal or unreacted ash is added to the mixture after grinding. The resulting dry product contains the spent bed material in a completely hydrated form. The reactivated ash produced has been evaluated for sulfur capture using thermogravimetric analysis and a CFBC pilot plant. Conversion rates of almost 100% are achieved for ash after grinding hydration. An industrial demonstration of the technology has supported its viability with no decrease in sulfur capture, while limestone requirements decreased by 18%. The economic implications of the industrial applicability of the technology are outlined in a case study using the Point Aconi CFBC unit. Decreased limestone usage is calculated to net savings in the order of $500000/year. The project is calculated to have an equity payback of less than 1 year.
A master-slave approach to aircraft engine bleed flow sharing control (2004)

In this paper, a master-slave control strategy is developed for the flow sharing control of multiple engine systems, applicable to aircraft and industrial plants. Under the proposed control strategy, one of the engine airflow channels is designated as the master control channel, and its pressure is controlled using pressure sensor measurements. The remaining bleed flow channels are treated as the slave flow channels. The air mass flow is also measured in the master channel, and the air flow sensor output of the master channel is utilized to slave the other channels, which are flow-controlled. Since the proposed strategy avoids simultaneous pressure control of multiple channels, the resultant effects of the dynamic coupling among the channels are reduced. Experimental results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Separating Images For Welding Control (1988)

Torch for automatic gas/tungsten-arc welding provides separate coaxial views of weld to two sensors. Each sensor functions in real time without interfering with other. One sensor provides information for vision-guided seam tracker; other feeds data to an optical weld-contour monitor for control penetration. Contains beam splitter at angle of 45 degree with electrode axis. Beam splitter reflects wavelengths below 550 nm to sensor for seam tracking. Transmits wavelengths above 550 nm to sensor for weld-contour monitoring. Filters added to split beam paths to limit further spectra transmitted to sensors. Beam splitter and filters easily changed to suit material and welding parameters.
Moderately Concentrated Acetonitrile‐containing Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity for Durability‐oriented Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2021)

Abstract Electrode protection additives for acetonitrile (AN)‐containing electrolytes play an important role for the usability of such electrolytes since it is decomposed reductively and electrochemically on the negative electrode of lithium‐ion batteries. The durability of electrolytes containing AN with low concentration of lithium salt was investigated by electrochemical measurements to achieve the desired battery performance derived from high ionic conductivity. The reductive decomposition of AN was suppressed by adding vinylene carbonate and ethylene sulfite as solid electrolyte interface formation additives. The high temperature durability performance with various positive electrode chemistries was improved by applying pyridine as a stabilizer for LiPF 6 . The AN‐containing electrolyte enhances low temperature performance and long‐term performance at high temperatures due to higher molecular mobility and a low electrode interface barrier. This electrolyte not only increases the capacity by enabling the usage of thicker electrodes, but also reduces the total cost of battery production.
Teaching an Old Anchoring Group New Tricks: Enabling Low-Cost, Eco-Friendly Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (2020)

As a key component in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have been extensively explored and studied. Aiming to meet the requirements for future commercialization of PVSCs, HTMs which can enable excellent device performance with low cost and eco-friendly processability are urgently needed but rarely reported. In this work, a traditional anchoring group (2-cyanoacrylic acid) widely used in molecules for dye-sensitized solar cells is incorporated into donor-acceptor-type HTMs to afford MPA-BT-CA, which enables effective regulation of the frontier molecular orbital energy levels, interfacial modification of an ITO electrode, efficient defect passivation toward the perovskite layer, and more importantly alcohol solubility. Consequently, inverted PVSCs with this low-cost HTM exhibit excellent device performance with a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.24% and good long-term stability in ambient conditions. More encouragingly, when processing MPA-BT-CA films with the green solvent ethanol, the corresponding PVSCs also deliver a substantial PCE as high as 20.52% with negligible hysteresis. Such molecular design of anchoring group-based materials represents great progress for developing efficient HTMs which combine the advantages of low cost, eco-friendly processability, and high performance. We believe that such design strategy will pave a new path for the exploration of highly efficient HTMs applicable to commercialization of PVSCs.
Modal properties of two-dimensional antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays (2002)

We present a detailed analysis on 2-D (4 /spl times/ 4 square-lattice) antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays based on the effective-index model. The calculation shows that the array can operate under 2-D resonant coupling, provided that the resonance condition in both the horizontal and vertical directions is satisfied. Consequently, the resonant-mode edge radiation loss is inversely proportional to the number of array elements along one direction for a N /spl times/ N array. Low-edge-loss out-of-phase and adjacent array modes are found to compete with the in-phase resonant mode. While the 3-D gain overlap is not a significant factor in modal discrimination, the introduction of inter-element loss allows the in-phase mode to exhibit the lowest threshold gain for a wide range of inter-element width, s (/spl Delta//sub 8/ /spl ap/ 0.5 /spl mu/m for 980-nm wavelength devices). The 2-D antiguided array results from shifting the cavity resonance between the element and inter-element regions and is fabricated by selective chemical etching and two-step metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth. Diffraction-limited in-phase and out-of-phase array mode operation is observed from top-emitting arrays, depending on the inter-element width. Substrate-emitting array structures are investigated as a means to lower heating and increase the coherent output power.
Cover Picture: Massively Parallel Dip–Pen Nanolithography with 55 000‐Pen Two‐Dimensional Arrays (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43/2006) (2006)

Massively parallel dip–pen nanolithography is possible when 55 000 AFM cantilevers are used to write molecules directly onto a surface. An optical micrograph shows the surface after etching (cover picture, left), and each round feature is a miniature image of the face of Thomas Jefferson (AFM image, right), who helped develop the polygraph, a duplicator based on an array of pens. For more information on the new technique see the Communication by C. A. Mirkin and co‐workers on page 7220 ff.
Ground clutter simulation for surface-based radars (2002)

This paper presents a site specific ground clutter simulation developed for ground-based radars. The simulation provides clutter power maps according to digital terrain relief and landcover information. The comparison between simulated clutter and actual clutter shows that a good accuracy in clutter simulation can be achieved even for complex landscapes.
Pheromone Biosynthesis-Activating Neuropeptide (1991)

Pheromone production in females of many species of moths is controlled by a hormone, the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). PBAN was isolated from Helicoverpa (Heliothis ) zea and identified as a 33 amino acid peptide. Amidation of the C-terminus is important for the biological activity of this hormone. Oxidation of two Met residues at postitions 5 and 14 enhanced pheromonotropic activity of PBAN. Stability of PBAN in saline can be increased by the substitution of Nle for Met at positions 5 and 14. Biological activity is mostly associated with brain-suboesophageal ganglion and corpora cardiaca of both female and male moths. Terminal abdominal ganglion does not appear to be directly involved in the control of pheromone production. PBAN is slowly degraded in hemolymph. Future possibilities of research on PBAN are discussed.
Enhanced <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilm Development Mediated by Human Neutrophils (2005)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease features persistent neutrophil accumulation to the airways from the time of infancy. CF children are frequently exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and by adulthood, 80% of CF patients are chronically infected. The formation of biofilms is a particularly important phenotypic characteristic of P. aeruginosa that allows for bacterial survival despite aggressive antibiotic therapy and an exuberant immune response. Here, we show that the presence of neutrophils enhances initial P. aeruginosa biofilm development over a period of 72 h through the formation of polymers comprised of actin and DNA. F-actin was found to be a site of attachment for P. aeruginosa. These actin and DNA polymers are present in CF sputum, and disruption of the polymers dispersed the associated P. aeruginosa cells and reduced biofilm development. These findings demonstrate a potential maladaptation of the primary innate response. When the host fails to eradicate the infection, cellular components from necrotic neutrophils can serve as a biological matrix to facilitate P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.
Dissociation of the CD4 and CXCR4 Binding Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 by Deletion of the First Putative Alpha-Helical Conserved Structure (1998)

To evaluate conserved structures of the surface gp120 subunit (SU) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope in gp120-cell interactions, we designed and produced an HIV-1 IIIB (HXB2R) gp120 carrying a deletion of amino acids E61 to S85. This sequence corresponds to a highly conserved predicted amphipathic alpha-helical structure located in the gp120 C1 region. The resultant soluble mutant with a deleted alpha helix 1 (gp120 DeltaalphaHX1) exhibited a strong interaction with CXCR4, although CD4 binding was undetectable. The former interaction was specific since it inhibited the binding of the anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody (12G5), as well as SDF1alpha, the natural ligand of CXCR4. Additionally, the mutant gp120 was able to bind to CXCR4(+)/CD4(-) cells but not to CXCR4(-)/CD4(-) cells. Although efficiently expressed on cell surface, HIV envelope harboring the deleted gp120 DeltaalphaHX1 associated with wild-type transmembrane gp41 was unable to induce cell-to-cell fusion with HeLa CD4(+) cells. Nevertheless, the soluble gp120 DeltaalphaHX1 efficiently inhibited a single round of HIV-1 LAI infection in HeLa P4 cells, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 100 nM. Our data demonstrate that interaction with the CXCR4 coreceptor was maintained in a SUgp120 HIV envelope lacking alphaHX1. Moreover, in the absence of CD4 binding, the interaction of gp120 DeltaalphaHX1 with CXCR4 was sufficient to inhibit HIV-1 infection.
A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) (1993)

A device capable of demultiplexing Tb/s pulse trains that requires less than 1 pJ of switching energy and can be integrated on a chip is presented. The device consists of an optical nonlinear element asymmetrically placed in a short fiber loop. Its switching time is determined by the off-center position of the nonlinear element within the loop, and therefore it can use the strong, slow optical nonlinearities found in semiconductors, which all other fast demultiplexers seek to avoid. The switch's operation at 50 Gb/s is demonstrated, using 600-fJ control pulses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-energy femtosecond pulse amlification in a quasi-phase-matched parametric amplifier (1998)

A new type of solid-state femtosecond amplifier is demonstrated that is based on quasi-phase-matched parametric amplification. Such gain media are different from conventional solid-state amplifiers in that their amplification bandwidths and pump and signal wavelengths can be engineered. Furthermore, high gain is characteristic of parametric amplification, permitting extraction of high energies without the need to resort to multiple-pass configurations. We report a parametric chirped pulse amplification system in which femtosecond pulses from a mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser system are amplified to 1-mJ energies in a single pass by use of a 5-mm-long periodically poled LiNbO(3) (PPLN) crystal. This amplifier is pumped by 5-mJ and 0.5-ns pulses at 786 nm, demonstrating that limitations associated with a low optical-damage threshold for long pump pulses can be overcome because of the high nonlinearity of PPLN and that relatively simple Q -switched lasers can be used with such parametric amplifiers.
A fractional-order KiBaM of lithium-ion batteries with capacity nonlinearity (2017)

A novel fractional-order Kinetic Battery Model (KiBaM) is proposed to accurately describe the battery nonlinear characteristic of the available capacity under discharge. Firstly, the influence of different discharge current on battery available and unavailable capacity is analyzed. Then, with the theory of fractional calculus, a novel KiBaM model model equation is proposed to characterize the battery running time and the battery non-linear capacity effect under discharge, accurately. Finally, the battery capacity influence under different discharge current are compared between the proposed fractional-order KiBaM model and the traditional integer-order model. The simulation results show that the fractional-order model can also describe the battery nonlinear characteristic accurately.