gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Propagation Pressures in Transverse Hydraulic Fractures: Cause, Effect, and Remediation (1999)

Abstract Highly deviated or horizontal wells completed in tight formations are frequently aligned with the minimum principal formation stress and completed with evenly spaced, transverse hydraulic fractures. When a transverse hydraulic fracture is created, unexpectedly high fracture-propagation pressures are often encountered. The hydraulic fracture-growth simulators currently available cannot explain these high treating pressures. Therefore, the pressures have been attributed to complex fracture geometries. Another likely cause of unexpectedly high fracture-treating pressures is the fracturing-fluid flow regime under which transverse hydraulic fractures are created. In transverse fractures, fluid flows radially outward from a fipoint sourcefl (the wellbore). Flow is not linear, as implicitly assumed and hard-coded in many of today™s hydraulic-fracturing models or simulators. Where radial flow exists under a constant injection rate, fluid velocities are much greater near the wellbore than out in the fracture. This condition causes high near-wellbore pressure gradients, which result in relatively high fracturing-fluid pressures in and near the wellbore, compared with pressures out in the hydraulic fracture. This pressure-profile effect on fracture-propagation pressure and created fracture dimensions is demonstrated with analytical calculations. The pressure profiles analyzed include a constant pressure throughout the fracture (the equilibrium base case) and a parabolic pressure decay along the length of the fracture (the most severe case considered). The calculations show that, for severe hydraulic-fracture pressure profiles, the fracture-propagation pressure in the wellbore can be more than 12 times greater than the propagation pressure required for constant pressure throughout the fracture. The more severe the pressure drop in the near-wellbore region, the wider and shorter the hydraulic fracture will be. Results from these calculations suggest procedural changes for minimizing the effects of adverse pressure profiles. They also demonstrate that current hydraulic-fracturing models and simulators must be modified to account for the pressure profiles expected under radial-flow conditions.
Safety, Tolerability, QTc Evaluation, and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Doses of Enzastaurin HCl (LY317615), a Protein Kinase C‐β Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects (2007)

The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of orally administered enzastaurin were evaluated in 2 placebo-controlled, dose escalation studies in healthy subjects. In the first human dose study, single doses (2-400 mg) were evaluated, with 22 subjects receiving enzastaurin. The mean half-lives of enzastaurin and its metabolites ranged from approximately 12 to 40 hours. The longer half-life of the major circulating and pharmacologically active metabolite allowed once-a-day dosing and predicted that steady state would be achieved within 2 weeks of daily oral dosing in all subjects. In the multiple-dose study, daily doses (25-400 mg) were examined, with 24 subjects receiving at least 1 dose. The most common adverse events related to enzastaurin were headache, sleepiness, diarrhea, and nausea. No clinically significant changes in QTc intervals were observed. Overall, enzastaurin was well tolerated in healthy subjects, and the planned maximum dose was achieved in both studies.
Promoting the Online Use of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria (1999)

Radiology appropriateness criteria and practice guidelines seek to promote the cost-effective use of radiology procedures and interventions and can be most useful when integrated with electronic patient records and order-entry systems. The task of translating practice guidelines into computer-based formats can highlight deficiencies and lead to revisions that make them more useful. Computer-based practice guidelines can include additional didactic material, such as images, videos, sounds, simulations, and links to bibliographic databases. Given patient data, information systems can select the most appropriate intervention automatically; some systems can function autonomously. Knowledge representation schemes can make appropriateness criteria available across a wide variety of computer platforms. Internet-based tools can allow developers to collaborate across an institution or around the globe. Information systems can bring appropriateness criteria to physicians at the point of care. The use of standardized approaches is important to ensure that appropriateness criteria reach the broadest possible audience and that such efforts can be incorporated easily into automated systems.
Online Social Network Bullying Detection Using Intelligence Techniques (2015)

Social networking sites (SNS) is being rapidly increased in recent years, which provides platform to connect people all over the world and share their interests. However, Social Networking Sites is providing opportunities for cyberbullying activities. Cyberbullying is harassing or insulting a person by sending messages of hurting or threatening nature using electronic communication. Cyberbullying poses significant threat to physical and mental health of the victims. Detection of cyberbullying and the provision of subsequent preventive measures are the main courses of action to combat cyberbullying. The proposed method is an effective method to detect cyberbullying activities on social media. The detection method can identify the presence of cyberbullying terms and classify cyberbullying activities in social network such as Flaming, Harassment, Racism and Terrorism, using Fuzzy logic and Genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the system is increased using Fuzzy rule set to retrieve relevant data for classification from the input. In the proposed method Genetic algorithm is also used, for optimizing the parameters and to obtain precise output.
Design and Implementation of a New Freeform Surface Based on Chebyshev Polynomials (2015)

We present designs using a 2-D freeform surface based on Chebyshev polynomials, whose description have been incorporated into Zemax OpticStudio. The designs analyzed include a reflector for generating uniform illumination as well as a TMA telescope. Results are compared with polynomial and Zernike surface descriptions.
Improved panchromatic sharpening of multi-spectral image data (2010)

In this paper we address six problems we have encountered when sharpening multi-spectral imagery (MSI) using panchromatic (PAN) images and describe methods we have developed to solve them. We also describe a PANsharpening method that can be used for hyper-spectral data where the PAN-band does not cover all spectral bands. In this paper we compare a number of currently used PAN-sharpening methods. The comparison is done (1) visually creating true and false color composites and (2) compute their radiometric fidelity with the Wang-Bovik quality index.
Far-field Source Signature Reconstruction Using Direct Arrival Data (2015)

Summary For accurate source designature it is fundamental to have precise knowledge of the seismic far-field source signature. While near-field hydrophone data can often be used to provide good quality signatures, such recordings are not always available. This paper describes a technique to extract the far-field signature from the inversion of direct arrivals present in the seismic streamer data. The method has been applied to a deep water survey offshore Gabon, and has been found to produce comparable results to those using data recorded from near-field hydrophones mounted above the air guns on the seismic source array. The method presents advantages for the reprocessing of legacy surveys to achieve a more broadband seismic result.
Nonlinear generation of broadband polarisation vortices (2010)

Polarisation-vortex beams over a broad wavelength region are generated by nonlinear transformation of a radially-polarized mode in a specially-designed optical fiber. The beams are produced by stimulated Raman scattering from 20-ns 1064-nm laser pulses, and up to the 4th order Stokes shift is observed. Measurements of polarization-selected intensity profiles of individual Stokes components show that the generated light maintains the desired spatial intensity distribution and radial polarization of the pump mode. At the highest pump power, 300 W, the process creates a coherent vortex beam from 1064 nm to 1310 nm, which is a span of nearly 250 nm.
Theory for cross effect dynamic nuclear polarization under magic-angle spinning in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance: The importance of level crossings (2012)

We present theoretical calculations of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) due to the cross effect in nuclear magnetic resonance under magic-angle spinning (MAS). Using a three-spin model (two electrons and one nucleus), cross effect DNP with MAS for electron spins with a large g-anisotropy can be seen as a series of spin transitions at avoided crossings of the energy levels, with varying degrees of adiabaticity. If the electron spin-lattice relaxation time T(1e) is large relative to the MAS rotation period, the cross effect can happen as two separate events: (i) partial saturation of one electron spin by the applied microwaves as one electron spin resonance (ESR) frequency crosses the microwave frequency and (ii) flip of all three spins, when the difference of the two ESR frequencies crosses the nuclear frequency, which transfers polarization to the nuclear spin if the two electron spins have different polarizations. In addition, adiabatic level crossings at which the two ESR frequencies become equal serve to maintain non-uniform saturation across the ESR line. We present analytical results based on the Landau-Zener theory of adiabatic transitions, as well as numerical quantum mechanical calculations for the evolution of the time-dependent three-spin system. These calculations provide insight into the dependence of cross effect DNP on various experimental parameters, including MAS frequency, microwave field strength, spin relaxation rates, hyperfine and electron-electron dipole coupling strengths, and the nature of the biradical dopants.
Intravenous Recombinant Interferon-Beta versus Interferon-Alpha-2b and Ribavirin in Combination for Short-Term Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Not Responding to Interferon-Alpha (1999)

Short-term treatment with intravenous interferon-beta seems to offer a chance for sustained response in a subset of interferon-alpha non-responders. The role of long-term therapy in these patients still remains to be explored.
Overture (2010)

Abstract The sun moves over the hills of Kentucky's bluegrass and ignites the leaves gripping to the trees. Silhouettes can be formed to the first wave of mountains beyond the Kentucky River. Sacred icons and sculptures on the front doors of Saint Hubert's Episcopal Church were crafted by Niles. The choice of Saint Hubert as the church's patron is particularly appropriate, because the parish is centrally situated within the verdant countryside known as “hunt country.” Up at the hill behind the church is a pastoral graveyard, shaded by walnut trees and graced by a pond. John Jacob rests here next to his wife, Rena Lipetz Niles, under a simple granite marker that lies with the bluegrass.
Frequency-domain photoacoustic phased array probe for biomedical imaging applications (2011)

We report the development of a frequency-domain biomedical photoacoustic imaging system that utilizes a continuous-wave laser source with a custom intensity modulation pattern, ultrasonic phased array for signal detection, and processing coupled with a beam-forming algorithm for reconstruction of photoacoustic correlation images. Sensitivity to optical contrast was demonstrated using tissue-mimicking phantoms and in-vivo tissue samples.
Retinoids: potential in cancer prevention and therapy (2004)

Retinoids (derivatives of vitamin A) are signalling molecules that play important roles in cell growth, differentiation and death. Retinoids act through two types of receptors - retinoic acid receptors (RAR alpha, RAR beta and RAR gamma) and retinoid X receptors (RXR alpha, RXR beta and RXR gamma) - which themselves act as ligand-dependent transcription factors. Retinoids are of special interest in cancer research owing to their antiproliferative and cancer-preventative properties. They have been used successfully to cure acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) and can suppress carcinogenesis in a variety of tissue types (e.g. skin, lung, breast and oral cancers). Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to elucidating the molecular and cellular networks that are induced by retinoids, and this has recently yielded novel insights into how retinoids can both prevent and combat cancer.
Characterization and improvement of RNA-Seq precision in quantitative transcript expression profiling (2011)

rnaseq10@boku.ac.at
ReCoBus-Builder &#x2014; A novel tool and technique to build statically and dynamically reconfigurable systems for FPGAS (2008)

In this paper, we present the ReCoBus-builder tool chain that simplifies the generation of dynamically reconfigurable systems to almost a push-button process. The generated systems provide one or more resource areas that will be used by different partially reconfigurable modules at runtime. It is possible to integrate multiple partially reconfigurable modules into the same resource area at the same time and these modules can communicate via a fixed bus infrastructure or dedicated point-to-point links with other parts of the system. This allows building encapsulated modules that will be integrated into the system by linking together bitstreams at runtime. We will demonstrate that bitstream linking can further be used to speed up the design process of static only systems by eliminating long synthesis runs or place and route steps, when only small portions of a design are exchanged.
Novel Approaches for Identifying the Molecular Background of Schizophrenia (2020)

Recent advances in psychiatric genetics have led to the discovery of dozens of genomic loci associated with schizophrenia. However, a gap exists between the detection of genetic associations and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms. This review describes the basic approaches used in the so-called post-GWAS studies to generate biological interpretation of the existing population genetic data, including both molecular (creation and analysis of knockout animals, exploration of the transcriptional effects of common variants in human brain cells) and computational (fine-mapping of causal variability, gene set enrichment analysis, partitioned heritability analysis) methods. The results of the crucial studies, in which these approaches were used to uncover the molecular and neurobiological basis of the disease, are also reported.
Mitochondrial mechanisms of neural cell apoptosis (2004)

The importance of calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, and free radical generation to neuropathological processes has been recognized for many years. Only more recently has evidence accumulated that the programmed cell death process of apoptosis plays an integral role not only in the development of the nervous system, but in the loss of cells following acute neurological insults and chronic disease. In 1996 came the landmark discovery that cytochrome c, an evolutionary old and essential component of the respiratory chain, has a second and deadly function when it escapes the mitochondrion: triggering the cell death cascade. A flurry of activity has since ensued in an effort to understand the mechanistic events associated with mitochondrial permeabilization during apoptosis and regulation by an enigmatic family of proteins characterized by homology to the proto-oncogene Bcl-2. This review discusses the evidence for various release mechanisms of apoptotic proteins (e.g. cytochrome c) from neural cell mitochondria, focusing particularly on roles for calcium, Bax, p53, and oxidative stress. The need for new drugs that act at the level of the mitochondrion to prevent apoptosis is also highlighted.
Microheterogeneity of human interleukin 6 synthesized by transfected NIH/3T3 cells: Comparison with human monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells (1990)

A cDNA containing the entire coding region of human interleukin 6 (IL 6) was stably expressed in murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts using a bovine papilloma virus-based expression vector with a metallothionein promoter. Expression of IL 6 in transfected cells was highly inducible by heavy metals like cadmium as measured at mRNA and protein levels. Cadmium-stimulated transfected NIH/3T3 cells synthesized and exported biologically active IL 6 (1.7 x 10(4) U/10(6) cells/24 h). IL 6 from the culture medium of transfected NIH/3T3 cells exhibited at least eight bands on Western blots after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that human IL 6 expressed in NIH/3T3 cells shows a complex glycosylation pattern. Using glycosidases and the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin it was possible to discriminate between five species carrying N-linked carbohydrate side chains and two species carrying only O-linked side chains. In addition, a substantial amount of unglycosylated IL 5 was observed. IL 6 from transfected NIH/3T3 cells differed markedly in its glycosylation pattern from those of stimulated human monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells.
IoT Service Slicing and Task Offloading for Edge Computing (2021)

With the advancement of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology, various domains, such as smart factories and smart cars have used this new technology to provide value-added services. In addition, technologies, such as multiaccess edge computing (MEC) and network slicing provide another opportunity for the IoT to support more advanced and real-time services that could not have been previously supported. However, the simple integration of such technologies into the IoT does not take the full advantage of MEC and network slicing or the reduction of latency and traffic prioritization, respectively. Therefore, there is a strong need for an efficient integration mechanism for IoT platforms to maximize the benefit of using such technologies. In this article, we introduce a novel architectural framework that enables the virtualization of an IoT platform with minimum functions to support specific IoT services and host the instance in an edge node, close to the end user. As the instance provides its service at the edge node, where the MEC node and network slice are located, the traffic for the end user does not need to traverse back to the cloud. This architecture guarantees not only low latency but also efficient management of IoT services at the edge node. To show the feasibility of the proposed architecture, we conducted an experimental evaluation by comparing the transmission time of both IoT services running on the central cloud and those using sliced IoT functions in the edge gateway. The results show that the proposed architecture provides twice as much transmission speed as that from the conventional cloud-based IoT platform.
Molecularly Explicit Characterization Model (MECM) for Light Petroleum Fractions (2005)

A method is developed for simulating undefined multicomponent mixtures such as petroleum fractions, coal liquids, and gas condensates using a preselected set of pure components. The molecularly explicit characterization model (MECM) uses routinely made measurements of a petroleum fraction's bulk properties such as the ASTM D86 distillation, API gravity, Reid vapor pressure (RVP), and the paraffin, naphthene, and aromatic (PNA) content along with the pure components' properties in an optimization algorithm to define the molecular composition of the petroleum fuel suitable for simulation purposes. The model is tested using a set of 68 pure components to characterize petroleum naphtha and simulate its separation in a distillation column. This model is found to be of better accuracy than the characterization methods currently used. The method has the flexibility to be tailored to use any set of pure components as desired and may further be used to predict the properties of petroleum fractions.
Review paper on implementation of multipath reactive routing protocol in manet (2016)

In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) there is a collection of wireless devices which moving in seemingly adventitious directions and communicating with one another without establishing the real infrastructure. Communicating nodes in a Mobile Ad hoc Network normally seek the help of other intermediate nodes to establish communication channels. Thus, the communication may be via many intermediate nodes from source to destination. Multi-path routing is better one than the single path routing in mobile ad hoc networks, this is because many path routing allows the lay foundation of many path between a single source and single destination node. But in multipath routing, there is a problem of overhead management and transportation performance. So the aim of this work is to design such a wireless system which uses reactive multipath routing protocol who gives better data transportation performance than baseline protocols. Also it improves throughput and packet delivery ratio with reduction in overhead and end to end delay. The proposed approach contains implementation of better routing protocol which provide proper route updates, set require parameters at proper value, generate wireless network which has low error rate and fast packet generation. We used ns-2 to simulate. Simulation results will show better data transportation performance than baseline protocols. Also it will show improvements in throughput and packet delivery ratio with reduction in overhead and end to end delay.
Exploiting random projections and sparsity with random forests and gradient boosting methods -- Application to multi-label and multi-output learning, random forest model compression and leveraging input sparsity (2017)

Within machine learning, the supervised learning field aims at modeling the input-output relationship of a system, from past observations of its behavior. Decision trees characterize the input-output relationship through a series of nested $if-then-else$ questions, the testing nodes, leading to a set of predictions, the leaf nodes. Several of such trees are often combined together for state-of-the-art performance: random forest ensembles average the predictions of randomized decision trees trained independently in parallel, while tree boosting ensembles train decision trees sequentially to refine the predictions made by the previous ones. The emergence of new applications requires scalable supervised learning algorithms in terms of computational power and memory space with respect to the number of inputs, outputs, and observations without sacrificing accuracy. In this thesis, we identify three main areas where decision tree methods could be improved for which we provide and evaluate original algorithmic solutions: (i) learning over high dimensional output spaces, (ii) learning with large sample datasets and stringent memory constraints at prediction time and (iii) learning over high dimensional sparse input spaces.
Finding Text Regions Using Localised Measures (2000)

We present a method based on statistical properties of local image neighbourhoods for the location of text in real-scene images. This has applications in robot vision, and desktop and wearable computing. The statistical measures we describe extract properties of the image which characterise text, invariant to a large degree to the orientation, scale or colour of the text in the scene. The measures are employed by a neural network to classify regions of an image as text or non-text. We thus avoid the use of different thresholds for the various situations we expect, including when text is too small to read, or when the text plane is not fronto-parallel to the camera. We briefly discuss applications and the possibility of recovery of the text for optical character recognition. 1