gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personal Map: Automatically Modeling the User's Online Social Network. (2003)

This study investigated the effect of six root-end filling materials (Retroplast [Retroplast Trading, Dybesøvej, Denmark], Geristore, [DEN-MAT Corporation, Santa Maria, CA], Ketac Fil [3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany], IRM [Caulk-Dentsply, Milford, DE], Super EBA [Bosworth Company, Skokie, IL], and MTA [Dentsply-Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN]) on the viability of Balb/C 3T3 fibroblasts using the [3-4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide succinate (MTT) assay. Ten discs (5 mm x 2 mm) of each material were eluted in tissue culture medium for 24 hours at 37 degrees C for 3 successive days and the elutes used for cell viability testing and for determination of leached components. The results showed that Retroplast, Geristore, and Ketac Fil increased cell proliferation, whereas Super-EBA decreased cell viability. The proliferative effect of Retroplast and Geristore increased with the eluting time (24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours), whereas the effects of the other materials did not significantly change. IRM and MTA did not affect cell viability. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that there was variation in the amount of leached components from the materials. Our results indicate that the reaction of cells to root-end filling materials varies considerably between materials.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition (1989)

With chronic angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, blood pressure remains controlled throughout the day despite intermittent recovery of normal function of the renin-angiotensin system. This has been taken as evidence to suggest that the disappearance of angiotensin II (Ang II) from the circulation is not the main mechanism involved in the blood pressure-lowering action of ACE inhibitors. However, the degree of ACE inhibition is often not reliably estimated by the commonly used measurements of plasma ACE activity in vitro or plasma immunoreactive Ang II levels. The most appropriate method to assess ACE activity seems to be the measurement of the ratio between circulating angiotensin-(1-8)octapeptide and angiotensin I (Ang I) concentrations. The octapeptide and angiotensin I (Ang I) concentrations. The octapeptide Ang II can be measured precisely using high pressure liquid chromatography followed by a radioimmunoassay. Even using such improved methods, with long-term ACE inhibition, there exists a clear dissociation between the time course of ACE inhibition and that of the antihypertensive effect. Although it is attractive to speculate on this basis that other pathways such as blockade of tissue renin or enhanced vasodilator activity are responsible for the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, it is important to remember that the dissociation between the pharmacokinetic profile and the time course of the antihypertensive effect is not specific for ACE inhibitors and is well known with other agents. Since intermittent reduction of circulating Ang II is still an omnipresent feature of ACE inhibition, it seems at present that ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure predominantly by this mechanism.
Antigenic Characterization of Cell-Cultivated Astrovirus Serotypes and Development of Astrovirus-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies (1988)

Cultivation of human astroviruses in human embryonic kidney or LLCMK2 cell cultures was corroborated for four of the five serotypes originally reported (types 1, 2, 4, and 5). By using type-specific rabbit antisera and immunofluorescence of virus-infected cells, we readily distinguished between serotypes of astrovirus; however, these serotypes showed a high degree of cross-reactivity by enzyme-linked immunoassay, a result indicating the presence of a group antigen. We prepared monoclonal antibodies to astrovirus type 2 antigen and selected them on the basis of group antigen reactivity. The antibodies were reactive with the four astrovirus serotypes that we could cultivate, as well as with the Marin County strain of astrovirus. A previously reported cell-cultivated astrovirus type 3 also reacted with the monoclonal antibodies. These monoclonal antibodies, and the finding of group reactivity among the human astroviruses, should facilitate studies on the importance of these viruses as agents of viral gastroenteritis.
A chemically inducible cucumber mosaic virus amplicon system for expression of heterologous proteins in plant tissues (2006)

A novel cucumber mosaic virus inducible viral amplicon (CMViva) expression system has been developed that allows for tightly regulated chemically inducible expression of heterologous genes in plant hosts. Transient production of recombinant alpha(1)-antitrypsin (rAAT), a human blood protein, was demonstrated in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The highest production levels were obtained by co-infiltrating leaves with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells containing CMViva carrying the AAT gene and A. tumefaciens cells carrying a binary vector constitutively expressing the gene silencing suppressor p19. Accumulation of up to thirty-fold more rAAT was observed in leaves (24 mg per 100 g leaf tissue) when compared with the expression levels observed using the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Significantly, 70% of the rAAT produced using the CMViva expression system was found to be biologically active, a 170-fold increase in functional protein compared with the CaMV 35S expression system.
Live, attenuated rubella vectors expressing HIV and SIV vaccine antigens (2012)

Background Despite progress in identifying targets of neutralizing antibodies and T cell immunity, many HIV antigens have been weak immunogens. We have developed rubella as a live viral vector to enhance immunogenicity by presenting HIV and SIV antigens in the context of an acute infection. These vectors are based on the rubella vaccine strain RA27/3: safety and immunogenicity have been established in millions of children around the world. If the vector loses its insert, it would revert to the vaccine strain. It is immunogenic: one dose protects for life (against rubella). It elicits mucosal and systemic immunity. Rubella readily infects rhesus macaques, and these animals can test vector growth, immunogenicity and protection against SIV or SHIV challenge.
On Partial Downloading for Wireless Distributed Storage Networks (2012)

We consider a distributed storage system employing some existing regenerate codes where the storage nodes are scattered in a wireless network. The data collector connects to the storage nodes via orthogonal channels and downloads data symbols from these nodes. In the existing data reconstruction schemes for distributed storage systems, the data collector downloads all symbols from a subset of the storage nodes. Such a full-downloading approach becomes inefficient in wireless networks since due to fading, the wireless channels may not offer sufficient bandwidths for full downloading. Moreover, full-downloading is also less power efficient than partial downloading. In this paper, given a coding scheme employed by the wireless distributed storage system, we propose a partial downloading scheme that allows downloading a portion of the symbols from any storage node. We formulate a cross-layer wireless resource allocation problem for data reconstruction in distributed storage systems employing such partial downloading. To derive the fundamental properties of partial downloading as well as to reduce the complexity of wireless resource allocation, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for data reconstructability for partial downloading, in terms of the numbers of downloaded symbols from the storage nodes. We also propose channel and power allocation schemes for partial downloading in wireless distributed storage systems. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the significant power savings by the proposed partial downloading scheme compared to the full-downloading methods for distributed storage.
Machine-Stitched E-Textile Stretch Sensors (2013)

Wearable, garment-integrated sensing is a distinct challenge for many reasons. Significant among these reasons is the challenge of fabricating sensors that are unobtrusive and comfortable for longterm daily wear. Here, we present a novel method for fabricating e-textile stretch sensors using industrial sewing machinery. The resulting sensors are perceptually similar to existing stitches used in garment fabrication, offering improvements in comfort and ease of manufacture compared to other types of sensors.
To buy or not to buy (2003)

As product prices become increasingly available on the World Wide Web, consumers attempt to understand how corporations vary these prices over time. However, corporations change prices based on proprietary algorithms and hidden variables (e.g., the number of unsold seats on a flight). Is it possible to develop data mining techniques that will enable consumers to predict price changes under these conditions?This paper reports on a pilot study in the domain of airline ticket prices where we recorded over 12,000 price observations over a 41 day period. When trained on this data, Hamlet --- our multi-strategy data mining algorithm --- generated a predictive model that saved 341 simulated passengers $198,074 by advising them when to buy and when to postpone ticket purchases. Remarkably, a clairvoyant algorithm with complete knowledge of future prices could save at most $320,572 in our simulation, thus HAMLET's savings were 61.8% of optimal. The algorithm's savings of $198,074 represents an average savings of 23.8% for the 341 passengers for whom savings are possible. Overall, HAMLET saved 4.4% of the ticket price averaged over the entire set of 4,488 simulated passengers. Our pilot study suggests that mining of price data available over the web has the potential to save consumers substantial sums of money per annum.
The Fatigue Design of a Bone Preserving Hip Implant With Functionally Graded Cellular Material (2013)

1 Background An orthopaedic hip implant is expected to support dynamic forces generated by human activities. To avoid progressive and localized damage caused by daily cyclic loading, the prosthesis is to be designed for fatigue under high cycle regime. Recently, a methodology has been developed to design a novel hip implant made of a cellular material with a periodic microarchitecture [1]. In contrast to current hip replacement implants typically made out of a fully solid material, which can be coated with a porous layer, this implant is completely porous. The microarchitecture of the material is a lattice displaying graded property distribution. The advantage of controlling the microarchitecture is twofold. First, the overall implant can be designed to be more compliant, which reduces stress shielding and bone resorption [2]. Second, the material porosity can be optimized to reduce bone-implant interface stresses, thereby lowering implant micromo-tion. Although encouraging, these results have been obtained by applying a static loading regime to the implant, thus neglecting the impact of an applied cyclic loading. In this paper, the methodology [1 ]i s extended to design the femoral implant against fatigue fracture caused by the cyclic loading as a result of walking. 2 Methods Figure 1 summarizes the procedure proposed here to design a graded cellular implant against fatigue fracture. The approach combines multiscale mechanics and multiobjective optimization. The former deals with the scale-dependent material structure; the latter handles the conflicting nature of bone resorption and implant interface stress. As fatigue failure theory, we use here the Soderberg’s criterion in the procedure to design the implant for infinite fatigue life. The main steps illustrated in Fig. 1 are here briefly described: • (1) A finite element model of the bone is created by process
Janus Kinase 3–Activating Mutations Identified in Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma (2012)

Gene mutations causing NKTCL have not been fully identified. Through exome sequencing, we identified activating mutations of JAK3 that may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NKTCLs. Our findings have important implications for the management of patients with NKTCLs.
A novel seven-level voltage source converter for medium-voltage (MV) applications (2015)

This paper presents a novel seven-level converter for medium-voltage high-power applications. The proposed converter is based on the upgrade of the four-level nested neutral-point clamped (NNPC) converter. This converter has less number components compared to the classic seven-level converters and can operate over a wide range of voltages (2.4–7.2kV) without the need for connecting power semiconductor in series. The features and operation of the proposed converter is studied and analyzed. A sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM)-based strategy is developed to employ redundant switching states and control flying capacitor voltages. The performance of the proposed converter is evaluated by simulation results.
Production of O2 on the Moon: A lab-top demonstration of ilmenite reduction with hydrogen (1993)

Estimates of the costs of transporting materials from Earth to the Moon are around $25,000 per pound. Therefore, it is imperative that we learn to utilize the resources on the Moon to partially offset these 'astronomical' expenses. The production of oxygen on the Moon utilizing indigenous materials is crucial to the establishment and development of an autonomous lunar colony. Besides obvious biologic needs, this lunar liquid oxygen (LLOX) could result in tremendous cost savings on fuel for effective transportation systems, particularly with its export to low-Earth orbit. Over 20 different process concepts were proposed and evaluated for the production of oxygen from lunar materials. Simplicity, low energy, easily attainable feedstock, and low resupply mass are the keywords for the process(es) which will ultimately be selected for the initial production of oxygen on the Moon. One of these schemes, which has received considerable study to date, is the hydrogen reduction of ilmenite. In fact, Carbotek, Inc. (Houston, TX) patented an ilmenite, hydrogen-reduction technique involving a three-stage, fluidized-bed process for the production of LLOX. A lab-top demonstration unit of the basic concepts of this oxygen generation process that was constructed by our group at the University of Tennessee is explained. It utilizes many of the principles which must be addressed in designing an effective production plant for operation on the Moon.
Polarizing terahertz waves with nematic liquid crystals (2008)

A Feussner-type terahertz polarizer with a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) layer between two fused-silica prisms is demonstrated. The polarization factor and extinction ratio of the NLC-based terahertz polarizer can exceed 0.99 and 10(-5), respectively.
Bayesian survey design to optimize resolution in waveform inversion (2012)

ABSTRACT We describe a Bayesian methodology for designing seismic experiments that optimally maximize model-parameter resolution for imaging purposes. The proposed optimal experiment design algorithm finds the measurements that are likely to optimally reduce the expected uncertainty on the model parameters. This Bayesian D-optimality-based algorithm minimizes the volume of the expected confidence ellipsoid and leads to the maximization of the expected resolution of the model parameters. Computational efficiency is achieved by a greedy algorithm in which the design is sequentially improved. In contrast to minimizing the uncertainty volume over the entire subsurface simultaneously, a refinement of the algorithm minimizes the marginal uncertainties in a region of interest. Minimizing marginal uncertainties simultaneously accounts for quantitative prior model uncertainties while honoring a qualitative focus on particular regions of interest. The benefits of the proposed method over traditional non-Bayesian ones are demonstrated with several geophysical examples. These include reducing large seismic data volumes for real-time imaging and solving the problem of designing seismic surveys that account for source bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and attenuation.
Duplex‐Selective Ruthenium‐Based DNA Intercalators (2015)

We report the design and synthesis of small molecules that exhibit enhanced luminescence in the presence of duplex rather than single-stranded DNA. The local environment presented by a well-known [Ru(dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine)L2 ](2+) -based DNA intercalator was modified by functionalizing the bipyridine ligands with esters and carboxylic acids. By systematically varying the number and charge of the pendant groups, it was determined that decreasing the electrostatic interaction between the intercalator and the anionic DNA backbone reduced single-strand interactions and translated to better duplex specificity. In studying this class of complexes, a single Ru(II) complex emerged that selectively luminesces in the presence of duplex DNA with little to no background from interacting with single-stranded DNA. This complex shows promise as a new dye capable of selectively staining double- versus single-stranded DNA in gel electrophoresis, which cannot be done with conventional SYBR dyes.
Functional Polymeric Microspheres Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate for Immunochemical Studies (1976)

Co gamma irradiation of 2-hydroxethyl methacrylate in the presence or in the absence of other acrylic monomers was found to constitute an effective technique for the synthesis of hydrophilic functional microspheres in the size range of approxumately 0.3 to 3 mu in diameter. The effect of monomer concentration, steric stabilization, and electrostatic interaction on the particle size was investigated. Experimental conditions were determined to obtain desired particle sizes of relatively narrow distribution. It was shown that particles may be formed without intermediate micelles, i.e., by homogeneous nucleation, and the rate of particle formation is affected primarily by the rate of particle coalescence in the initial stages of the reaction. When covalently bound to antibodies these microspheres were successfully used to label murine and human lymphocytes.
Surface coatings for improvement of bone cell materials and antimicrobial activities of Ti implants (2008)

Ti surface was modified to simultaneously improve bone cell materials and antimicrobial activities. Titanium surface was first anodized in sodium fluoride and sulfuric acid electrolytic solution to form titania nanotube on the surface to improve the biocompatibility of the surface. Silver was electrodeposited on the titania nanotube surface at 5 V. Silver added titania nanotube surface was tested for compatibility with bone-cell materials interactions using human osteoblast bone cells. The antibacterial effect was studied using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results show that silver-treated titania nanotube surface may provide antibacterial properties to prevent implants against postoperative infections without interference to the attachment and proliferation of bone tissue on titanium, which is commonly used in dental and orthopedic surgical procedures.
Magnetic imaging on a spin-stand (2000)

A new technique of magnetic imaging on a spin stand has been developed. In this technique, raw image acquisition is performed by scanning a target area of a disk by a conventional magneto-resistive (MR) read head in two orthogonal (along- and cross-track) directions. Due to the nonlocalized nature of the MR reading head in the cross-track direction, image reconstruction is needed in order to retrieve the actual distribution of magnetization. It is demonstrated that the image reconstruction can be performed by using the response function characterization of the MR head and the specially designed deconvolution technique, which yields the curl-free (field producing) component of magnetization. The technique developed is illustrated by the sample examples of imaging of overwritten tracks with small misregistrations.
RFID-Based Thermal Convection Floating Type Accelerometer with Different Packaging Chambers and Filled Gases (2013)

This research proposes a wireless RFID-based thermal convection accelerometer, and relates for the technology to manufacture and package it on a flexible substrate. The key technology is to integrate both a thermal convection accelerometer and a wireless RFID antenna on the same substrate, such that the accelerometer is very convenient for fabrication and usage. In this paper the heaters as well as the thermal sensors are made on the surface of the flexible substrate with the traditional floating structure. In addition, the inner shape of the chamber can be as hemi-cylindrical and hemi-spherical ones instead of the conventional rectangular type. Comparisons are also made, the sensitivity of the new proposed semi-spherical design with Xe gas is better at lower accelerations.
Structural Response Using Stiffness Decoupler (1993)

The structural properties of a new stiffness decoupler developed by Hu, Kirmser and Swartz at Kansas State University, and its applications as an energy absorber and a device to isolate structures from ground motions is presented. A formula useful for the control of the natural frequency of a structure, which incorporate the stiffness decoupler, is presented. Its use allows the designer to select any desired natural period of the structure being designed. Procedures to reduce both wind and earthquakes hazards is illustrated.
Cardiac motion tracking using CINE harmonic phase (HARP) magnetic resonance imaging (1999)

This article introduces a new image processing technique for rapid analysis of tagged cardiac magnetic resonance image sequences. The method uses isolated spectral peaks in SPAMM-tagged magnetic resonance images, which contain information about cardiac motion. The inverse Fourier transform of a spectral peak is a complex image whose calculated angle is called a harmonic phase (HARP) image. It is shown how two HARP image sequences can be used to automatically and accurately track material points through time. A rapid, semiautomated procedure to calculate circumferential and radial Lagrangian strain from tracked points is described. This new computational approach permits rapid analysis and visualization of myocardial strain within 5-10 min after the scan is complete. Its performance is demonstrated on MR image sequences reflecting both normal and abnormal cardiac motion. Results from the new method are shown to compare very well with a previously validated tracking algorithm. Magn Reson Med 42:1048-1060, 1999.
State-resolved studies of exciton-phonon couplings in quantum dots (2008)

Coherent optical and acoustic phonons are simultaneously observed in CdSe quantum dots with excitonic state-specificity for the first time. These experiments yield the size and eigenstate dependent coupling strengths for both modes.