gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Haemodynamic and renal evolution of the bile duct-ligated rat (2000)

In the present study we have characterized the evolution of changes in systemic haemodynamics (thermodilution in conscious animals) and sodium balance (metabolic cages) in a model of liver cirrhosis induced by chronic bile duct ligation (BDL). Mean arterial pressure (BDL, 111.5+/-4.7 mmHg; sham-operated, 122.9+/-3.0 mmHg) and peripheral vascular resistance (BDL, 2.63+/-0.08 units; sham-operated, 2.93+/-0.09 units) were lower in BDL rats from day 12 after surgery and decreased progressively throughout the following days. Portal hypertension was evident earlier in BDL rats and was maintained throughout the study period. Cardiac index (BDL, 58.8+/-3. 9 ml.min(-1).100 g(-1); sham-operated, 43.9+/-1.5 ml.min(-1).100 g(-1)) and stroke volume (BDL, 147.2+/-12.7 ml.beat(-1).100 g(-1); sham-operated, 109.0+/-4.2 ml.beat(-1).100 g(-1)) were significantly elevated in the BDL rats only from day 18 after surgery. There were no significant differences in sodium balance between the groups until day 16 after surgery, at which time BDL animals started to retain significantly more sodium than the controls. Sodium retention increased progressively, and at day 20 BDL rats had retained 0.7 mmol/100 g more than the control animals (accumulated retention: BDL, 2.2+/-0.2 mmol/100 g; sham-operated, 1.5+/-0.2 mmol/100 g). Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were not elevated in the BDL animals at days 12, 16 or 20 after surgery. These data indicate that the BDL rat model shows early portal hypertension, peripheral vasodilation and arterial hypotension, several days before sodium retention is detectable, and in the absence of changes in plasma levels of renin and aldosterone. Overall, these data suggest that, in the BDL rat model, sodium retention is secondary to portal hypertension and peripheral vasodilation.
Temperature‐Activated Auto‐Decomposition Reactions: An Under‐Utilized In Situ Remediation Solution (2012)

The remediation industry has witnessed multiple innovations arising from a greater understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that control the fate and transport of chemicals in the subsurface environment. In addition, increasing emphasis is being placed on remediation solutions that are greener, simpler, and more resource efficient. The positive impacts that can be derived from this emphasis include reduced energy consumption, reduced waste emissions, and lower costs. Temperature‐activated auto‐decomposition reactions represent a potentially underutilized option for the in situ remediation of certain organic contaminants, and an option that can be both highly effective and greener than other available technologies.
Fluid Flow Considerations in Hydraulic Fracturing (1988)

ABSTRACT Significant progress has been made over the past decade in the understanding and modeling of rock failure and deformation during hydraulic fracturing. This progress resulted from a large investment in theoretical, laboratory, and field research programs conducted by private, government and university groups. By comparison, relatively small investments or progress has been made in the companion area of fluid flow in the fracture. To bring the level of understanding for fluid flow to that of rock mechanics, and provide the basis for another major advance in fracturing technology, significant and focused investigations of fluid flow are required. The purpose of this paper is to review the various aspects of fluid flow within the fracture, provide several relevant pieces of new information, and to identify areas for additional research. The areas considered are the effects of slip flow; proppant on viscosity; width variations on the velocity profile and the pressure gradient; proppant transport and fall after shut-in; particle migration for viscoelastic fluids; and fluid loss.
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway: an emerging promising target for mood stabilizers (2006)

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway may represent a novel target for the development of improved therapeutics for bipolar disorder.
An Efficient Intermode Decision Algorithm Based on Motion Homogeneity for H.264/AVC (2008)

The latest video coding standard H.264/AVC significantly outperforms previous standards in terms of coding efficiency. H.264/AVC adopts variable block sizes ranging from 4 times 4 to 16 times 16 in inter frame coding, and achieves significant gain in coding efficiency compared to coding a macroblock (MB) using regular block size. However, this new feature causes extremely high computation complexity when rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is performed using the scheme of full mode decision. This paper presents an efficient intermode decision algorithm based on motion homogeneity evaluated on a normalized motion vector (MV) field, which is generated using MVs from motion estimation on the block size of 4 times 4. Three directional motion homogeneity measures derived from the normalized MV field are exploited to determine a subset of candidate intermodes for each MB, and unnecessary RDO calculations on other intermodes can be skipped. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm can reduce the entire encoding time about 40% on average, without any noticeable loss of coding efficiency.
Self‐organized regular surface patterning by pulsed laser ablation (2009)

Abstract The impact of intense ultra short laser pulses on solid surface ‐ as in laser ablation ‐ results in a transient perturbation of the material to a state far from equilibrium. Due to ultrafast relaxation of the transient disorder in a few picoseconds, self‐organized surface patterns occur, with a typical feature size at the order of 100 nm or less, similar as observed in ion sputtering and explained by non‐linear dynamics models. The feature size of these structures is determined by the deposited energy dose, their shape and orientation crucially depends on the state of polarization of the incident light. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptation of Coenzyme Stimulation Assays for the Nutritional Assessment of Vitamins B1, B2 and B6 Using the Cobas Bio Centrifugal Analyser (1987)

Adaptation of coenzyme stimulation assays for the nutritional assessment of thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine on the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyser are described. Whole blood was collected into acid-citrate dextrose, which preserves the erythrocytes, prior to assay for several days. Washed erythrocytes stored at -70 degrees C and subsequently thawed, showed altered enzyme activities. The methods offer improved precision over existing procedures and take advantage of the high throughput capabilities of the instrumentation.
Controlling Adhesion with Surface Hole Patterns (2006)

Abstract Defined surface structures of various shapes and length scales can impact the adhesion of polymer interfaces. Most recent research has focused on the use of high-aspect-ratio post-like structures to modify the formation and separation mechanisms for a contacting interface. These mechanisms for controlling adhesion were inspired by the natural mechanisms present in examples such as the gecko and jumping spider. Although post-like structures are effective, numerous other geometries can impact adhesion properties through different mechanisms. In this article, we present and discuss the impact of surface hole patterns on the adhesion of soft, elastomeric interfaces. The surface holes are shallow, cylindrical depressions that decorate the surface of the elastomer and alter the separation mechanisms from rigid surfaces. We specifically focus on the effect of hole radius and nearest hole spacing on the overall adhesion descriptors. Using contact adhesion experiments largely based on the theory of Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts (JKR), we demonstrate that surface holes can alter the stability of the contact edge during interfacial separation. This stability does not affect the overall work of adhesion for a crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane interface, but it does permit tuning of the maximum separation force. These results emphasize the importance of measuring the interfacial area during adhesion testing, the significance of the contact edge, and the opportunities for using surface holes to tune the dissipative processes of interfaces that involve viscoelastic materials. These conclusions are particularly significant in the context of characterization techniques that do not allow for the direct measurement of contact area, such as nanoindentation or scanning probe microscopy measurements. Keywords: AdhesionBio-inspiredContactJKRPatternPolymer ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of a National Science Division of Materials Research (NSF-DMR) CAREER Award, a 3M Nontenured Faculty Award, and the Center for University of Massachusetts—Industry Research on Polymers. Notes One of a collection of papers honoring Hugh R. Brown, who received the Adhesion Society Award for Excellence in Adhesion Science, sponsored by 3M in February 2006.
Effects of pH on in vitro ovulation of goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) oocytes (1985)

The in vitro effects of pH on goldfish (Carassius auratus) ovulation were investigated. Final oocyte maturation and follicular detachment were induced in vivo in gravid goldfish by HCG injections and elevated holding temperatures. Females were biopsied to determine the time of germinal vesicle breakdown and when oocytes should be removed for in vitro incubations. Prior to ovulation, the ovaries were removed, dissected and mature intrafollicular oocytes were incubated in media of varying pH (7.3-8.9). There was a significant increase in ovulation as the pH of the incubation increased and this ovulation could be blocked by indomethacin. Indomethacin did not inhibit the actual mechanism of oocyte expulsion since exogenous PGF2 alpha induced ovulation in indomethacin blocked incubates. Increased pH did not increase the ovulatory response observed with exogenous PGF2 alpha. The combined results suggest that an increase in incubation pH stimulates prostaglandin synthesis that, in turn, stimulates ovulation.
Fungal Development and Induction of Defense Response Genes During Early Infection of Wheat Spikes by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (2000)

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat is a crippling disease that causes severe economic losses in many of the wheat-growing regions of the world. Temporal patterns of fungus development and transcript accumulation of defense response genes were studied in Fusarium graminearum-inoculated wheat spikes within the first 48 to 76 h after inoculation (hai). Microscopy of inoculated glumes revealed that the fungus appeared to penetrate through stomata, exhibited subcuticular growth along stomatal rows, colonized glume parenchyma cells, and sporulated within 48 to 76 hai. No major differences in the timing of these events were found between Sumai 3 (resistant) and Wheaton (susceptible) genotypes. In complementary experiments, RNA was extracted from spikes at several time intervals up to 48 hai and temporal expression patterns were determined for defense response genes encoding peroxidase, PR-1, PR-2 (beta-1,3-glucanase), PR-3 (chitinase), PR-4, and PR-5 (thaumatin-like protein). In both genotypes, transcripts for the six defense response genes accumulated as early as 6 to 12 hai during F. graminearum infection and peaked at 36 to 48 hai. Greater and earlier PR-4 and PR-5 transcript accumulation was observed in Sumai 3, compared with Wheaton. Our results show that the timing of defense response gene induction is correlated with F. graminearum infection.
Plasmonic fiber-optic vector magnetometer (2016)

A compact fiber-optic vector magnetometer based on directional scattering between polarized plasmon waves and ferro-magnetic nanoparticles is demonstrated. The sensor configuration reported in this work uses a short section of tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) coated with a nanometer scale gold film and packaged with a magnetic fluid (Fe3O4) inside a capillary. The transmission spectrum of the sensor provides a fine comb of narrowband resonances that overlap with a broader absorption of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The wavelength of the SPR attenuation in transmission shows high sensitivity to slight perturbations by magnetic fields, due to the strong directional scattering between the SPR attenuated cladding modes and the magnetic fluid near the fiber surface. Both the orientation (2 nm/deg) and the intensity (1.8 nm/mT) of magnetic fields can be determined unambiguously from the TFBG spectrum. Temperature cross sensitivity can be referenced out by monitoring the wavelength of the core mode resonance simultaneously.
Electrochemical activation of carbon electrodes in base: minimization of dopamine adsorption and electrode capacitance (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical activation of carbon electrodes in base: minimization of dopamine adsorption and electrode capacitanceDennis M. Anjo, Michael. Kahr, M. M. Khodabakhsh, Stuart. Nowinski, and Michael. WangerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 23, 2603–2608Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00198a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00198a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1433Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Truncated gag-related proteins are produced by large deletion mutants of Rous sarcoma virus and form virus particles (1985)

Large deletion (LD) mutants of Prague strain Rous sarcoma virus subgroup B (PrB), derived by serial undiluted passage through chicken (C/E) cells, contain two deletions relative to wild-type virus. One of these joins gag sequences in the p12 coding region to env sequences in region encoding gp37; the other deletion spans the src region. Analysis of the viral proteins of QT6 cell clones containing only LD proviruses by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major truncated gag-related phosphoprotein of 60,000 to 66,000 daltons (P63LD). P63LD was stable, but could be cleaved in vitro to the predicted products by p15gag. A second gag-related LD protein of about 68,000 to 74,000 molecular weight (P70LD) was also found which often reacted with an anti-gp37 serum. P70LD was unstable and may represent a short-lived gag-gp37 fusion protein. Finally, immunoprecipitation indicated that particles containing P63LD were shed from QT6-LD clones. Thin section preparations of these clones viewed in an electron microscope showed enveloped budding particles of "immature" morphology. Thus, the synthesis and release of particles from infected cells does not require cleavage of the gag precursor, nor does it require the presence of p15 or (most of) p12.
Non-canonical regulation of SPL transcription factors by a human OTUB1-like deubiquitinase defines a new plant type rice associated with higher grain yield (2017)

Achieving increased grain productivity has long been the overriding focus of cereal breeding programs. The ideotype approach has been used to improve rice yield potential at the International Rice Research Institute and in China. However, the genetic basis of yield-related traits in rice remains unclear. Here, we show that a major quantitative trait locus, qNPT1, acts through the determination of a 'new plant type' (NPT) architecture characterized by fewer tillers, sturdier culms and larger panicles, and it encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme with homology to human OTUB1. Downregulation of OsOTUB1 enhances meristematic activity, resulting in reduced tiller number, increased grain number, enhanced grain weight and a consequent increase in grain yield in rice. Unlike human OTUB1, OsOTUB1 can cleave both K48- and K63-linked polyubiquitin. OsOTUB1 interacts with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein OsUBC13 and the squamosa promoter-binding protein-like transcription factor OsSPL14. OsOTUB1 and OsSPL14 share common target genes, and their physical interaction limits K63-linked ubiquitination (K63Ub) of OsSPL14, which in turn promotes K48Ub-dependent proteasomal degradation of OsSPL14. Conversely, loss-of-function of OsOTUB1 is correlated with the accumulation of high levels of OsSPL14, resulting in the NPT architecture. We also demonstrated that pyramiding of high-yielding npt1 and dep1-1 alleles provides a new strategy for increasing rice yield potential above what is currently achievable.
AEROSOLIZED ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AMELIORATES ACUTE LUNG INJURY FOLLOWING COMBINED BURN AND SMOKE INHALATION INJURY IN SHEEP (2006)

Victims of fire accidents who sustain both thermal injury to the skin and smoke inhalation have gross evidence of oxidant injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that delivery of vitamin E, an oxygen superoxide scavenger, directly into the airway would attenuate acute lung injury postburn and smoke inhalation. Sheep (N = 17 female, 35 ± 5 kg) were divided into 3 groups: (1) injured, then nebulized with vitamin E (B&S, Vitamin E, n = 6); (2) injured, nebulized with saline (B&S, Saline, n = 6); and (3) not injured, not treated (Sham, n = 5). While under deep anesthesia with isoflurane, the sheep were subjected to a flame burn (40% total body surface area, 3rd degree) and inhalation injury (48 breaths of cotton smoke, <40°C). All groups were resuscitated with Ringer lactate solution (4 mL/kg/%burn/24 h) and placed on a ventilator [positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 5 cm H2O, tidal volume = 15 mL/kg] for 48 h. B&S injury halved the lung alpha-tocopherol concentrations (0.9 ± 0.1 nmol/g) compared with sham-injured animals (1.5 ± 0.3), whereas vitamin E treatment elevated the lung alpha-tocopherol concentrations (7.40 ± 2.61) in the injured animals. B&S injury decreased pulmonary gas exchange (PaO2/FiO2 ratios) from 517 ± 15 at baseline to 329 ± 49 at 24 h and to 149 ± 32 at 48 h compared with sham ratios of 477 ± 14, 536 ± 48, and 609 ± 49, respectively. Vitamin E treatment resulted in a significant improvement of pulmonary gas exchange; ratios were 415 ± 34 and 283 ± 42 at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Vitamin E nebulization therapy improved the clinical responses to burn and smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury. ABBREVIATIONS-PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ANOVA,analysis of variance; PI, permeability index; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EGTA, ethyleneglycol-bis(-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase
Effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the Aerobic Biodegradation of a Model Vegetable Oil in Aquatic Media (2012)

Antioxidants added to vegetable oils to prevent lipid oxidation significantly affect their biodegradation in impacted aquatic environments. In this study, the effect of butylated-hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the biodegradation of glyceryl trilinoleate, a model vegetable oil highly susceptible to autoxidation, was determined. Biodegradation experiments were conducted in respirometric microcosms at an oil loading of 333 gal acre(-1) (0.31 L m(-2)) and BHT concentrations ranging from 0 to 800 mg kg(-1) (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg(-1)). Competition between polymerization and biodegradation of the oil was observed at all BHT concentrations and was significant in the microcosms not supplemented with the antioxidant. In all microcosms, intractable rigid polymers unavailable for bacterial degradation were formed. Infrared analysis evidenced the advanced stages of the oil autoxidation. After 19 weeks of incubation, only about 41% of the oil was mineralized in the microcosms with no BHT. However, mineralization exceeded 67% in the microcosms with added antioxidant and did not significantly increase with increasing BHT concentrations. Biodegradation rate constants were calculated by nonlinear regression and were not significantly different in the microcosms with added BHT (k = 0.001 h(-1)). Higher k values were measured in the microcosms lacking the antioxidant (k = 0.0023 h(-1)), most likely due to the increased oxygen consumption associated with the autoxidation process in this case. No toxicity was detected in all biotic microcosms at the end of the incubation period, while high toxicity (EC(50) = 4.78%) was measured in the abiotic blanks with no antioxidant and was attributed to the accumulation of autoxidation products.
Amphipathic guanidine-embedded glyoxamide-based peptidomimetics as novel antibacterial agents and biofilm disruptors (2017)

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is becoming increasingly prevalent, posing a critical challenge to global health. Bacterial biofilm formation is a common resistance mechanism that reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics. Thus, the development of compounds that can disrupt bacterial biofilms is a potential strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance. We report herein the synthesis of amphipathic guanidine-embedded glyoxamide-based peptidomimetics via ring-opening reactions of N-naphthoylisatins with amines and amino acids. These compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. aureus and E. coli. Compounds 35, 36, and 66 exhibited MIC values of 6, 8 and 10 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> against S. aureus, respectively, while compounds 55 and 56 showed MIC values of 17 and 19 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> against E. coli, respectively. Biofilm disruption and inhibition activities were also evaluated against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most active compound 65 exhibited the greatest disruption of established biofilms by 65% in S. aureus, 61% in P. aeruginosa, and 60% in S. marcescens respectively, at 250 μM concentration, while compound 52 inhibited the formation of biofilms by 72% in S. marcescens at 250 μM. We also report here the in vitro toxicity against MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cells. Finally, the pore forming capability of the three most potent compounds were tested using tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) technology.
Determining 3-D hand motion (2002)

This paper presents a glove-free method for tracking hand movements using a set of 3-D models. In this approach, the hand is represented by five cylindrical models which are fit to the third phalangeal segments of the fingers. Six 3-D motion parameters for each model are calculated that correspond to the movement of the fingertips in the image plane. Trajectories of the moving models are then established to show the 3-D nature of hand motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>