gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Particle Coatings on Laser-Induced Incandescence. (2012)

In exhaust plumes and under some combustor conditions soot particles are often coated with unburned fuel, sulfuric acid, water, ash, and other combustion by-products. 1,2 Diesel particles, for example, can be comprised of as much as 50 % volatile compounds. 3 These coatings can have an effect on particle optical properties and can thus have an influence on optical diagnostics applied to coated particles. The effects of particle coatings therefore need to be fully understood in order to apply optical diagnostics under a wide range of conditions. We have compared time-resolved laser induced incandescence (LII) measurements on uncoated soot generated in a coflow diffusion flame with LII measurements on heavily coated soot generated in a fuel-rich premixed flame. Soot was extracted and cooled from both flames, and a thermodenuder was used to vary the coating on the particles extracted from the premixed flame. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to monitor aggregate sizes from the two flames, and transmission electron micrography (TEM) was used to characterize particle morphologies. The results demonstrate striking differences in LII temporal evolution and dependence on laser fluence between coated and uncoated particles. These results can be understood in the context of particle energy balance during heating and cooling and are
Estrogen Protects Lenses against Cataract Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) (1997)

Cataract, already a major cause of visual impairment and blindness, is likely to become an increasing problem as the world population ages. In a previous study, we showed that transforming growth factor-beta (TGFP) induces rat lenses in culture to develop opacities and other changes that have many features of human subcapsular cataracts. Here we show that estrogen protects against cataract. Lenses from female rats are more resistant to TGFbeta-induced cataract than those from males. Furthermore, lenses from ovariectomized females show increased sensitivity to the damaging effects of TGFbeta and estrogen replacement in vivo, or exposure to estrogen in vitro, restores resistance. Sex-dependent and estrogen-related differences in susceptibility to cataract formation, consistent with a protective role for estrogen, have been noted in some epidemiological studies. The present study in the rat indicates that estrogen provides protection against cataract by countering the damaging effects of TGFbeP. It also adds to an increasing body of evidence that hormone replacement therapy protects postmenopausal women against various diseases.
On Test Points Enhancing Hardware Security (2016)

Recent reverse-engineering attempts to steal a competitive design intellectual property (IP) or to identify the device technology in order to counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) have raised serious concerns in the IC design community. This paper demonstrates that test points - industry-proven design-for-test technology used to enhance the overall design testability - can also be deployed in the mission mode to obfuscate the circuit's structure, and thus to improve the hardware security against reverse engineering, IC cloning, and IP theft. In particular, it is shown how test points can facilitate the hiding of design functionality from adversaries. As a result, not only the overall design testability is improved, but also effective protection against reverse engineering and other forms of attacks is ensured.
Novel chlorine resistant low-fouling ultrafiltration membrane based on a hydrophilic polyaniline derivative (2015)

<italic>n</italic>-PANi, an outstanding candidate for making chlorine tolerant antifouling ultrafiltration membranes.
Exact compensation for both chromatic dispersion and Kerr effect in a transmission fiber using optical phase conjugation (1996)

We propose a new method to compensate exactly for both chromatic dispersion and self-phase modulation in a transmission fiber, where the light intensity changes due to fiber loss and amplifier gain. This method utilizes optical phase conjugation (OPC). The pulse shape is precompensated before OPC by transmission through a fiber with large dispersion. A computer simulation demonstrates effective compensation for waveform distortion in a 40 Gb/s NRZ intensity-modulated light transmission.
Genetic changes that increase 5-hydroxymethyl furfural resistance in ethanol-producing Escherichia coli LY180 (2010)

The ability of a biocatalyst to tolerate furan inhibitors present in hemicellulose hydrolysates is important for the production of renewable chemicals. This study shows EMFR9, a furfural-tolerant mutant of ethanologenic E. coli LY180, has also acquired tolerance to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF). The mechanism of action of 5-HMF and furfural appear similar. Furan tolerance results primarily from lower expression of yqhD and dkgA, two furan reductases with a low K(m) for NADPH. Furan tolerance was also increased by adding plasmids encoding a NADPH/NADH transhydrogenase (pntAB). Together, these results support the hypothesis that the NADPH-dependent reduction of furans by YqhD and DkgA inhibits growth by competing with biosynthesis for this limiting cofactor.
Simulating the Effect of Modulated Tool-Path Chip Breaking On Surface Texture and Chip Length (2010)

One method for creating broken chips in turning processes involves oscillating the cutting tool in the feed direction utilizing the CNC machine axes. The University of North Carolina at Charlotte and the Y-12 National Security Complex have developed and are refining a method to reliably control surface finish and chip length based on a particular machine's dynamic performance. Using computer simulations it is possible to combine the motion of the machine axes with the geometry of the cutting tool to predict the surface characteristics and map the surface texture for a wide range of oscillation parameters. These data allow the selection of oscillation parameters to simultaneously ensure broken chips and acceptable surface characteristics. This paper describes the machine dynamic testing and characterization activities as well as the computational method used for evaluating and predicting chip length and surface texture.
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> PrsA is required <i>in vivo</i> as an extracytoplasmic chaperone for secretion of active enzymes synthesized either with or without pro‐sequences (1993)

In prsA (protein secretion) mutants of Bacillus subtilis, decreased levels of exoproteins, including alpha-amylase and subtilisins, are found extracellularly. The effect of prsA on subtilisin secretion is elaborated here. Extracytoplasmic folding and secretion of active subtilisin is assisted by the N-terminal pro-sequence of its precursor. In this paper we present evidence that the product of the prsA gene is additionally required for these processes in vivo. We examined inducible expression of different subtilisin-alkaline phosphatase fusion genes in the prsA3 mutant. We found massive degradation of the fusion proteins, and a lack of enzymatic activity in the protein secreted. We suggest that PrsA is a novel chaperone with a predicted extracytoplasmic location, and is important in vivo for the proper conformation of various exoproteins, including those with pro-sequence (like subtilisin) and those without (like alpha-amylase).
Transient Stability Enhancement by 120-Degree Phase Rotation (1981)

Transient stability enhancement by 120-degree phase rotation is described. The concept is to disconnect two generators or two groups of generators when loss of synchronism is imminent (large rotor angle difference due to a fault or other disturbance). The systems are then reclosed with 120-degree phase rotation. Stability can be improved because fast valving, excitation control, or governor control is allowed more time to become effective.
Use of Site-Directed Mutagenesis in the Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Galactosemia (2013)

Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) is undoubtedly one of the most powerful techniques in molecular biology. In this chapter, we will describe the use of SDM in the study of the human inherited metabolic disorder, Galactosemia (Type I, II, and III) and the development of novel therapies for the disease. This powerful technique not only helped confirm suspected GAL gene mutations in Galactosemia, but also played a significant role in unraveling the catalytic mechanisms of the GAL enzymes in the conserved Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism. To date, more than thirty disease-causing mutations in the human GAL genes have been characterized in great detail; and these findings have paved the way for innovative, state-of-the-art therapies, such as chaperone therapy. Recently, in order to optimize small molecule GALK inhibitors for the treatment of Type I Galactosemia, we have employed SDM to identify amino acids of the GALK enzyme that interact with its selective inhibitors. These studies exemplified the expanding roles of SDM in innovative drug design and in kinase inhibitor selectivity.
Generalized multidimensional data mapping and query processing (2005)

Multidimensional data points can be mapped to one-dimensional space to exploit single dimensional indexing structures such as the B + -tree. In this article we present a Generalized structure for data Mapping and query Processing (GiMP), which supports extensible mapping methods and query processing. GiMP can be easily customized to behave like many competent indexing mechanisms for multi-dimensional indexing, such as the UB-Tree, the Pyramid technique, the iMinMax, and the iDistance. Besides being an extendible indexing structure, GiMP also serves as a framework to study the characteristics of the mapping and hence the efficiency of the indexing scheme. Specifically, we introduce a metric called mapping redundancy to characterize the efficiency of a mapping method in terms of disk page accesses and analyze its behavior for point, range and kNN queries. We also address the fundamental problem of whether an efficient mapping exists and how to define such a mapping for a given data set.
Erratum - "Additional New Maytansinoids from Trewia nudiflora: 10-Epitrewiasine and Nortrewiasine (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleErratum - "Additional New Maytansinoids from Trewia nudiflora: 10-Epitrewiasine and NortrewiasineRichard G. Powell, Cecil R. Smith, Ronald D. Plattner, and Barry E. JonesCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 6, 943Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50030a028https://doi.org/10.1021/np50030a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic magnetization process in FeCoSiB amorphous wire under trigonal magnetic field (1996)

The magnetization process of FeCoSiB amorphous wire under an ac circumferential magnetic field with a triangular waveform is investigated. We obtain the locus chart of the magnetization vector under a circular magnetic field, h/sub e/. By increasing the time differential component of h/sub e/, dh/sub e//dt, the hysteresis becomes noticeable gradually. It is believed that an eddy current damping is responsible for this phenomenon.
Enzyme responsive acetaminophen hydrogels (2009)

Utilization of enzyme catalysis as a tool to disassemble self-assembled hydrogels to control the release encapsulated drug provides an opportunity to design a wide range of enzyme-specific low-molecular-weight hydrogelators (LMWGs). Herein, we report a novel approach for controlled delivery of multiple drugs by an enzyme triggered hydrogel degradation mechanism. In this proof-of-concept work, we report the synthesis of LMWGs (amphiphiles) from well-known drug acetaminophen (which is known as Tylenolreg), and their ability to self-assemble into nanoscale structures in aqueous solutions to form hydrogels that subsequently encapsulate a second drug such as curcumin which is a known chemopreventive hydrophobic drug. Upon enzyme triggered degradation, hydrogels showed single and double drug delivery at physiological conditions in vitro. After treating with prodrug amphiphiles, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) retain their stem cell properties such as maintaining their adhesive and proliferation capacities with high viability. This new platform approach will have prospective effect on hydrogel based drug delivery research through developing drug delivery vehicles from a wide range of prodrug-based gelators.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV from Xanthomonas maltophilia: Sequencing and Expression of the Enzyme Gene and Characterization of the Expressed Enzyme (1996)

The dipeptidyl peptidase IV [EC 3.4.14.5] gene of Xanthomonas maltophilia, expressed in Escherichia coli, was cloned by the shotgun method. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 2,223 bp, coding for a protein of 741 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 82,080. The expressed enzyme was extracted with SDS, and the solubilized enzyme was purified about 1,030-fold on columns of Toyopearl HW65C, DEAE-Toyopearl twice, and hydroxyapatite, with an activity recovery of 50%. The enzyme hydrolyzed a proline-containing peptide at the penultimate position, and was inhibited by diisopropyl phosphofluoridate. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.5, and was stable between at pH 7.0 and 9.0. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 83,000 and 165,000 by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively.
Magnetic State Estimator to Characterize the Magnetic States of Nano-Magnetic Disks (2013)

We present an image processing system-magnetic state estimator (MSE) to estimate the magnetization states of lithographically patterned single domain nano-magnets. The tool requires digital images of a magnetic force micrograph, an atomic force micrograph and a computer-aided design layout of the magnetic nanostructures to estimate their magnetization states. The tool also yields a confidence value of the estimated magnetization state. We have tested the MSE on randomly patterned Permalloy nano-magnetic disks on a Silicon wafer. The tool was able to correctly identify 403 single domain states out of 499 and 256 vortex states out of 297, producing an accuracy rate of 83%.
Increasing the bioflocculant production and identifying the effect of overexpressing epsB on the synthesis of polysaccharide and γ-PGA in Bacillus licheniformis (2017)

This study provides a new method to greatly increase the bioflocculant production in B. licheniformis, and it demonstrates the correlation between the biosynthesis of polysaccharide and γ-PGA during EPS fermentation by regulating the expression of EpsB.
Optically Active <i>Anti</i> Head-to-head Coumarin Dimer. Resolution, Absolute Configuration, and Molecular Structure (1985)

Abstract (±)-Anti head-to-head coumarin dimer was successfully resolved into a pair of optically active forms in good yields and in high optical purity by the fractional crystallization of both lactone-opened diamides with optically active 1-phenylethylamine followed by hydrolysis and relactonization. The absolute configuration of (−)589-anti head-to-head coumarin dimer was confirmed to be (3R,3′R,4R,4′R) by X-ray crystal structure analysis, which showed puckering of the cyclobutane ring (32.5°) and some short nonbonded distances (2.15–2.60 Å).
Experimental study of gain and output coupling characteristics of a CW chemical oxygen-iodine laser (1991)

Gain and output coupling characteristics of the CW chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) are determined experimentally by means of varying the output coupling method. Under the conditions that the Cl/sub 2/ flow rate is 11.8 mmol/s, the I/sub 2/ molar flow rate is from 20 to 50 mu mol/s, and the duct pressure is 200 Pa, the following were obtained from the experimental data: maximum values of output power of 58 W, and optimal output coupling factor of 1.50%, a resonator efficiency of 4.8%, an unsaturated small-signal gain of 1.55*10/sup -3/ cm/sup -1/, a threshold small-signal gain of 1.31*10/sup -3/ cm/sup -1/, a saturation intensity of 1150 W/cm/sup 2/, intraresonator losses of 9%, and an atomic iodine concentration of 2.85*10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/. A comparison of these results to the published data of other COIL systems is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of an acoustical holography system for real-time imaging (1998)

A new prototype imaging system based on ultrasound transmission through the object of interest -- acoustical holography -- was developed which incorporates significant improvements in acoustical and optical design. This system is being evaluated for potential clinical application in the musculoskeletal system, interventional radiology, pediatrics, monitoring of tumor ablation, vascular imaging and breast imaging. System limiting resolution was estimated using a line-pair target with decreasing line thickness and equal separation. For a swept frequency beam from 2.6 - 3.0 MHz, the minimum resolution was 0.5 lp/mm. Apatite crystals were suspended in castor oil to approximate breast microcalcifications. Crystals from 0.425 - 1.18 mm in diameter were well resolved in the acoustic zoom mode. Needle visibility was examined with both a 14-gauge biopsy needle and a 0.6 mm needle. The needle tip was clearly visible throughout the dynamic imaging sequence as it was slowly inserted into a RMI tissue-equivalent breast biopsy phantom. A selection of human images was acquired in several volunteers: a 25 year-old female volunteer with normal breast tissue, a lateral view of the elbow joint showing muscle fascia and tendon insertions, and the superficial vessels in the forearm. Real-time video images of these studies will be presented. In all of these studies, conventional sonography was used for comparison. These preliminary investigations with the new prototype acoustical holography system showed favorable results in comparison to state-of-the-art pulse-echo ultrasound and demonstrate it to be suitable for further clinical study. The new patient interfaces will facilitate orthopedic soft tissue evaluation, study of superficial vascular structures and potentially breast imaging.
MicroRNA expression profile identifies origin of tumors in the liver (2008)

11026 Background: The distinction of liver metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and determining its tissue origin is a frequent problem in oncology, especially since liver metastases, and particularly adenocarcinoma, may mimic the morphology and immunoexpression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Such distinction has significant therapeutic and prognostic implications. In the present study we have used microRNAs as biomarkers for tissue identification, to distinguish between HCC and metastatic tumors in the liver. Methods: We studied the expression profile of ∼700 known and novel human microRNAs in 144 hepatic and non-hepatic tumor samples, including 50 samples of metastases to the liver, using proprietary microRNA microarrays and RNA extraction protocols that preserve the microRNA fraction from FFPE and fresh-frozen samples. Results: We identified microRNAs that are expressed in significantly higher or lower levels in non-hepatic primary and metastatic tumors compared to HCC. A combination of just two of these microRNAs was highly accurate in distinguishing between primary and metastatic liver tumors, with sensitivity and specificity of about 95%. Additional microRNAs were differentially expressed in gastrointestinal versus non-gastrointestinal tumors. Conclusions: MicroRNAs may serve as potent biomarkers for hepatic tumors and for tumors of gastrointestinal origin in the liver, and may be used to distinguish between these pathological entities in the diagnosis of tumors in the liver. A combination of only two microRNAs can successfully serve this purpose, and provides a basis for the development of a simple and reliable assay in clinical oncology. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Rosetta Genomics Rosetta Genomics
Reduction of amine mist emissions from a pilot-scale CO<sub>2</sub>capture process using charged colloidal gas aphrons (2015)

In the CO2 capture process from coal-derived flue gas where amine solvents are used, the flue gas can entrain small liquid droplets into the gas stream leading to emission of the amine solvent. The entrained drops, or mist, will lead to high solvent losses and cause decreased CO2 capture performance. In order to reduce the emissions of the fine amine droplets from CO2 absorber, a novel method using charged colloidal gas aphron (CGA) generated by an anionic surfactant was developed. The CGA absorption process for MEA emission reduction was optimized by investigating the surfactant concentration, stirring speed of the CGA generator, and capture temperature. The results show a significant reduction of MEA emissions of over 50% in the flue gas stream exiting the absorber column of a pilot scale CO2 capture unit.
Engineered Phage Matrix Stiffness-Modulating Osteogenic Differentiation (2018)

Herein, we demonstrate an engineered phage mediated matrix for osteogenic differentiation with controlled stiffness by cross-linking the engineered phage displaying Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and His-Pro-Gln (HPQ) with various concentrations of streptavidin or polymer, poly(diallyldimethylammonium)chloride (PDDA). Osteogenic gene expressions showed that they were specifically increased when MC3T3 cells were cultured on the stiffer phage matrix than the softer one. Our phage matrixes can be easily functionalized using chemical/genetic engineering and used as a stem cell tissue matrix stiffness platform for modulating differential cell expansion and differentiation.
3D-spectral domain computational imaging (2016)

We present a proof-of-concept experiment utilizing a novel “snap-shot” spectral domain OCT technique that captures a phase coherent volume in a single frame. The sample is illuminated with a collimated beam of 75 μm diameter and the back-reflected light is analyzed by a 2-D matrix of spectral interferograms. A key challenge that is addressed is simultaneously maintaining lateral and spectral phase coherence over the imaged volume in the presence of sample motion. Digital focusing is demonstrated for 5.0 μm lateral resolution over an 800 μm axial range.