gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of Sulfonyl-Containing Arylalkylamines at Human 5-HT<sub>6</sub>Serotonin Receptors (2006)

Various sulfonyl-containing compounds (e.g. sulfonamides, sulfones) bind at human 5-HT6 serotonin receptors, but it has been difficult relating the binding mode(s) of such agents to one another, even though many possess a common SO2 moiety, to identify a common pharmacophore model(s). On the basis of the hypothesis that an ergoline-type conformation might be important for the binding of some sulfonamide-containing arylalkylamines, we prepared for examination at h5-HT6 receptors a series of compounds, including phenylethylamines 6, pyrroloethylamine 7, and phenylpiperazines 9. The results (with Ki values ranging from about 1 nM to >1000 nM) suggest that many of these agents likely bind in a related fashion, and structure-affinity studies indicate that the benzenesulfonamide portion of the phenylethylamine and phenylpiperazine analogues can be "reversed", abbreviated to a sulfone, and moved to an adjacent position with relatively little impact on affinity. Although a benzenesulfonamide (or related arylsulfonamide) group might be common to various 5-HT6 ligands, there appears to be some latitude with regard to the specific constitution and location of the sulfonamide moiety even within the same arylalkylamine structural framework. A pharmacophore model is presented to account for some of the current findings.
Security in vehicular ad hoc networks (2008)

Vehicular communication networking is a promising approach to facilitating road safety, traffic management, and infotainment dissemination for drivers and passengers. One of the ultimate goals in the design of such networking is to resist various malicious abuses and security attacks. In this article we first review the current standardization process, which covers the methods of providing security services and preserving driver privacy for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) applications. We then address two fundamental issues, certificate revocation and conditional privacy preservation, for making the standards practical. In addition, a suite of novel security mechanisms are introduced for achieving secure certificate revocation and conditional privacy preservation, which are considered among the most challenging design objectives in vehicular ad hoc networks.
Transient electromagnetic fields of a vertical magnetic dipole on a two-layer earth (1979)

The transient fields of a vertical magnetic dipole on a two-layer earth model are expressed in analytical form using two different approaches. In the first, the fields in the time domain are obtained as the inverse Laplace transforms of derived full wave time-harmonic solutions, while in the second, the concept of natural frequencies of the stratified earth is utilized. Comparison with a previously obtained approximate solution reveals that the latter is the late time part of the present solution. Important features in the waveforms of the surface fields due to step and pulsed current excitations are demonstrated by a variety of numerical examples. These features provide diagnostic means of sensing the earth's stratification, overburden thickness, and the ratio of conductivities of the layers.
Slice Management in Radio Access Network via Iterative Adaptation (2019)

In the context of 5G systems, the emergence of various use cases with diverse requirements has attracted great attention to network slicing. In a single physical network, several instances of logical end-to-end networks, i.e. slices, will be instantiated to fulfill these requirements. To this end, slices should share the resources of the physical network, which consist of Core Network (CN) and Radio Access Network (RAN) resources. Herein, we focus on the Radio Resource Management (RRM) in the context of network slicing. To maximize the pooling gains, dynamic resource sharing is preferred over static sharing. However, dynamic resource sharing can lead to undesirable inter-slice influences, in particular, the contention on radio resources. In this article, we show that, although the radio resources are dynamically shared among the users of different slices, proper slice management can realize slice protection. This is achieved by adjusting the fraction of radio resources allocated to the different slices by the Packet Scheduler (PS) and by limiting the number of users admitted to the network via Admission Control (AC). We propose an iterative algorithm to optimize the parameters of PS and AC in order to ensure that the service level agreements are satisfied. Extensive system-level simulations have shown that a central entity that tunes these control parameters can greatly increase the network's performance.
Retroviral vector‐producing mesenchymal stem cells for targeted suicide cancer gene therapy (2009)

VP-MSCs accumulated at the site of tumors after intravascular injection in tumor-bearing mice, followed by in situ gene transfer to tumors without transduction of normal organs. When applied to the HSV-tk/ganciclovir suicide gene therapy, more efficient tumor growth suppression was observed using VP-MSCs compared to non-VP-MSCs. This VP-MSC-based system has great potential for improved cancer gene therapy.
A fast and secure stream cipher based on cellular automata over GF(q) (2002)

The problem of designing a family of pseudorandom number generators for cryptographic applications, called key stream generators, is considered for word-oriented CPU platforms. A novel key stream generator, together with a new application of linear cellular automata over GF(q), is proposed. Construction of the generator is based on the use of previously published results on cellular automata theory and its applications in cryptography, as well as on core principles employed in a number of existing key stream generators. Analysis indicates that the proposed generator satisfies standard minimal security requirements including a large period and good statistical properties, and that it is secure against all known attacks. An important feature of the proposed generator is that it, is compact and suitable for high speed applications.
Application of an enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique for determination of caffeine elimination kinetics as a test of liver function in clinically normal dogs (1994)

A commercially available automated enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was used to determine serum caffeine concentration after oral and IV administrations of caffeine at dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight to 12 clinically normal dogs. Dogs were allotted to 2 groups of 6 dogs each; 1 group initially received caffeine orally and the other received caffeine IV. After 72 hours, caffeine administration was repeated in all dogs in the alternate manner. Serum samples were obtained at multiple intervals over 24 hours to determine distribution and elimination kinetics. Analysis of the drug concentration-time data indicated IV elimination half-life (t1/2) of 6.39 +/- 1.87 hours, volume of distribution at steady state of 685.3 +/- 132.2 ml/kg, total body clearance of 1.31 +/- 0.38 ml/min/kg, absorption t1/2 of 1.02 +/- 0.68 hour, oral elimination t1/2 of 6.53 +/- 2.72 hours, lag time after oral administration of 0.0614 +/- 0.0661 hour, highest measured concentration of 5.29 +/- 1.17 micrograms/ml, time to peak concentration of 2.74 +/- 1.30 hours, and bioavailability of 99.4 +/- 19.4%. Data from 6 dogs best fit a 1-compartment open model and those from 6 other dogs best fit a 2-compartment open model. On the basis of data from the 6 dogs that best fit a 2-compartment model, t1/2 of distribution was 0.58 +/- 0.72 hour. Data for oral administration best fit a single absorption phase and a single elimination phase. The increased availability and simplicity of the EMIT offers an opportunity to study the application of caffeine elimination for clinical evaluation of dogs with liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ABL single nucleotide polymorphisms may masquerade as BCR-ABL mutations associated with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (2008)

The BCR-ABL K247R change is based on a rare single nucleotide polymorphism occurring likewise in healthy controls and non-hematologic cell types. Despite its juxtaposition to the P-loop, functional analysis showed no alteration compared to non-mutated BCR-ABL. We sought to investigate if other changes in the BCR-ABL kinase domain should be considered as single nucleotide polymorphisms rather than acquired mutations. A total of 911 chronic myeloid leukemia patients after failure or suboptimal response to imatinib were screened for BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis was based on the search for nucleotide changes in corresponding normal, non-translocated ABL alleles by ABL allele-specific PCR following mutation analysis. In addition to the K247R polymorphism we uncovered five new single nucleotide polymorphisms within the BCR-ABL kinase domain; two of them led to amino acid changes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms could theoretically contribute to primary but not to secondary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and must therefore be distinguished from acquired mutations. Novel point mutations should be confirmed by analyzing the normal ABL alleles to exclude polymorphisms.
A NEW APPROACH TO MODELING DRIVER REACH. IN: HUMAN FACTORS IN DRIVING, SEATING AND VISION (2003)

This paper presents a new method of modeling driver reach capability. The reach capability of drivers is currently represented in vehicle design practice in two ways. The first is SAE Recommended Practice J287, which presents maximum reach capability surfaces for selected percentiles of a generic driving population. Driver reach can also be simulated using digital human figure models. Both of these current methods for representing driver reach are substantially limited. The J287 surfaces are not configurable for population characteristics, do not provide the user with the ability to adjust accommodation percentiles, and do not provide any guidance on the difficulty of reaches that are attainable. The figure model method is strongly dependent on the quality of the models used for posturing and range of motion, and cannot reliably generate population distributions of either reach capability or difficulty. The method proposed in this paper is based on a unified model of reach difficulty and capability in which a maximum reach is a maximally difficult reach. The new approach is made possible by new measurement methods that allow detailed and efficient sampling of an individual's reach-difficulty function. This paper summarizes the experimental approach and presents the structure of the new integrated model of population reach difficulty and capability. The limitations of the new model are also discussed.
Design of A New Non-Contact Screw Seal and Determination of Performance Characteristics (2016)

Non-contact seals are optimal solutions for the applications operating with relatively high speeds. In these seals, positively displacement pump's principle is applied. One sub-category of non-contact seals, screw seals are studied in detail, including their working principles, operating limits and technical properties. In current work, two part screw geometries having right and left hand screw threads on each side is developed for analysis. Mainly, sealing performance of contactless screw seals is investigated both experimentally and numerically. For this purpose, a new test system is designed. Seal system is tested both oil-free and oil-supplied running conditions. The pressure distribution and friction torque values are recorded on the experiments. Numerical analysis are carried out regarding experimental data.
Cyclometalated Organoruthenium Complexes for Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

To investigate the viability of cyclometalation as a general tool in the design of new sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells, a series of (cyclometalated) ruthenium complexes was prepared. To this purpose we have prepared the carboxylate-functionalized 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (tpy)-based tridentate ligands 4′-ethoxycarbonyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (EtO2C-N∧N∧N, 5), methyl-3,5-di(2-pyridyl)benzoate (MeO2C-N∧C(H)∧N, 6), 4-ethoxycarbonyl-6-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine (EtO2C-C(H)∧N∧N, 7), and 4,4′-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine ((EtO2C)2-C(H)∧N∧N, 8), and the ruthenium complexes thereof, [Ru(EtO2C-tpy)(tpy)](PF6)2, 1a, [Ru(MeO2C-N∧C∧N)(tpy)](PF6), 2a, [Ru(EtO2C-C∧N∧N)(tpy)](PF6), 3a, and [Ru((MeO2C)2-C∧N∧N)(tpy)](PF6)2, 4a. In this series, cyclometalation results in a red shift as well as in a broadening of the electronic absorption features and is accompanied by a cathodic shift in the RuII/RuIII redox process. The complexes are photostable in both the Ru(II) and the Ru(III) state. Deprotection of the esters and grafting onto TiO2 resulted in a small additional red shift of the absorption features. Incorporation of the free acids of the complexes into a standardized solar cell shows efficient sensitization for the complexes 3b and 4b, with the C,N,N′-bonding motif. The dicarboxylated complex 4b showed short circuit currents similar to those obtained for the benchmark compound N719. In contrast, for the free acid of 1a, with the N,N′,N′′-bonding motif, and for 2a, with the N,C,N′-bonding motif, low efficiencies were observed. To put these results into perspective, we have applied TD-DFT calculations. The optical assignments based on these calculations correlated well with the spectral changes observed during pKa determinations. The complexes with the C,N,N′-bonding motif possess an excited state associated with the cyclometalated ligand, allowing efficient charge injection, while the complex with the N,C,N′-bonding motif possesses a more isolated excited state located on the remote tpy ligand and, as a result, is not capable of efficient charge injection into the TiO2 conduction band. This shows that the covalent carbon-to-ruthenium bond can be utilized as a tool to shift the operational threshold of the individual sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells toward lower energy, as long as care is taken that the nature of the excited state is appropriate for electron injection.
Synthesis of 2'(3')-O-DL-alanyl hexainosinic acid using T4 RNA ligase: suppression of the enzymic reverse transfer reaction by alkaline phosphatase (1983)

2'(3')-O-DL-Alanyl (Ip)5I was synthesized by a new method. An alanine ortho ester of inosine 5'-phosphate was added to (Ip)4I using the ATP-independent reaction of T4 RNA ligase, and the product was converted smoothly to the desired ester. The enzymic reverse transfer reaction was conveniently suppressed by the dephosphorylation of the adenosine 5'-phosphate coproduct, catalyzed in situ by alkaline phosphatase.
An attempt to use weighted cusums to identify sublanguages (1998)

This paper explores the use of weighted cusums, a technique found in authorship attribution studies, for the purpose of identifying sublanguages. The technique, and its relation to standard cusums (cumulative sum charts) is first described, and the formulae for calculations given in detail. The technique compares texts by testing for the incidence of linguistic 'features' of a superficial nature, e.g. proportion of 2- and 3-letter words, words beginning with a vowel, and so on, and measures whether two texts differ significantly in respect of these features. The paper describes an experiment in which 14 groups of three texts each representing different sublanguages are compared with each other using the technique. The texts are first compared within each group to establish that the technique can identify the groups as being homogeneous. The texts are then compared with each other, and the results analysed. Taking the average of seven different tests, the technique is able to distinguish the sublanguages in only 43% of the case. But if the best score is taken, 79% of pairings can be distinguished. This is a better result, and the test seems able to quantify the difference between sublanguages.
Unique activity associated with non-insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal inclusions: in vitro cell-killing action on human cancer cells (1999)

Parasporal inclusion proteins from a total of 1744 Bacillus thuringiensis strains, consisting of 1700 Japanese isolates and 44 reference type strains of existing H serovars, were screened for cytocidal activity against human leukaemia T cells and haemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes. Of 1684 B. thuringiensis strains having no haemolytic activity, 42 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against leukaemia T cells. These non-haemolytic but leukaemia cell-toxic strains belonged to several H-serovars including dakota, neoleonensis, shandongiensis, coreanensis and other unidentified serogroups. Purified parasporal inclusions of the three selected strains, designated 84-HS-1-11, 89-T-26-17 and 90-F-45-14, exhibited no haemolytic activity and no insecticidal activity against dipteran and lepidopteran insects, but were highly cytocidal against leukaemia T cells and other human cancer cells, showing different toxicity spectra and varied activity levels. Furthermore, the proteins from 84-HS-1-11 and 89-T-26-17 were able to discriminate between leukaemia and normal T cells, specifically killing the former cells. These findings may lead to the use of B. thuringiensis inclusion proteins for medical purposes.
Exogenous nitric oxide negatively regulates c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase activation via inhibiting endogenous NO‐induced S‐nitrosylation during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rat hippocampus (2008)

Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from l-arginine by NO synthases, is a small endogenous free radical with multiple functions. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in mediating apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. In this study, we found that the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) can decrease the damage of hippocampal neurons induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Our current study demonstrates that SNP can suppress the phosphorylation of JNK3 by suppressing the increased S-nitrosylation of JNK3 induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. In contrast, dithiothreitol reversed the effect of SNP on S-nitrosylation of JNK3. Furthermore, the inhibitor of nNOS (7-NI) and the inhibitor of iNOS (AMT) can decrease JNK3 phosphorylation through decreasing S-nitrosylation of JNK3. Our data suggest that endogenous NO synthesized by NO synthases can increase JNK3 phosphorylation by means of S-nitrosylation during global ischemia/reperfusion in rat hippocampus. However, the exogenous NO (SNP) can reverse the effect of endogenous NO by inhibiting S-nitrosylation of JNK3. Together, these results suggest that the exogenous NO may provide a new clue for stroke therapy.
Telomerase Activation in Atherosclerosis and Induction of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Expression by Inflammatory Stimuli in Macrophages (2010)

These results characterize TERT as a previously unrecognized NF-κB target gene in macrophages and demonstrate that telomerase is activated during atherosclerosis. This induction of TERT expression prevents macrophage senescence and may have important implications for the development of atherosclerosis.
Interpretation of amplitude compression in terms of the modulation transfer function (1987)

The successful application of the speech transmission index for predicting the combined effects of reverberation and noise on the intelligibility of speech [e.g., T. Houtgast and H. J. M. Steeneken, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 1069–1077 (1985)] demonstrates that the modulation transfer function (MTF) is an appropriate measure of the consequences of temporal modifications of the speech signal on its perception. In view of this, it makes sense to describe also the effect of amplitude compression on speech intelligibility in terms of the MTF. A compression circuit, as applied in hearing aids, reduces the MTF from zero up to a critical modulation frequency of, typically, 10 Hz. This means that a substantial part of the range of modulation frequencies present in the speech signal and relevant for its intelligibility (0.4–20 Hz) is affected by the compression process. This can explain why amplitude compression with short time constants has a negative effect on the intelligibility of speech in noise. The results of other attempts to modify the MTF for better speech understanding will also be discussed.
A prospective study of the use of cryosurgery for the treatment of actinic keratoses (2004)

Cryosurgery is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses. The true complete response rate is significantly lower than that previously reported. The freeze duration influences successful treatment. Adverse events are mild and well tolerated.
Surface Morphologies and Electrical Properties of (Ba, Sr)TiO<sub>3</sub> Films Prepared by Two-Step Deposition of Liquid Source Chemical Vapor Deposition (1995)

Protrusions of (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 (BST) crystallites were found to appear on BST film surfaces prepared by liquid source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at a substrate temperature T s =420° C and a reactor pressure P =1.5 Torr. Such protrusions were successfully suppressed by two-step deposition, where BST films consisted of a buffer layer and a main layer; the buffer layer was a CVD-BST film about 60 Å thick annealed in N 2 ambient. By this two-step deposition on Pt electrodes, the BST film properties of equivalent SiO 2 thickness t eq =0.56 nm, leakage current J L =1.2×10 -8 A/cm 2 at +1.1 V and dielectric loss tan δ=0.011 were achieved at a total film thickness of 230 Å, along with a coverage of 80% at a trench of aspect ratio 0.65 and sufficiently low absorption current.
SYNTHESIS OF SULFONES OF 4H-1,4-BENZOTHIAZINES AND PHENOTHIAZINES (2004)

Conversion of 5/7-chloro-4H-1,4-benzothiazines and 1/3-chlorophenothiazines into sulfones is reported. The 5/7-chloro-4H-1,4-benzothiazines were synthesized by the condensation and oxidative cyclization of 2-amino 3/5-chlorobenzenethiol with β diketones in DMSO. The phenothiazines have been synthesized via Smiles rearrangement by the reaction of 2-amino-3/5-chlorobenzenethiol with halonitrobenzenes. 4H-1,4-Benzothiazine and phenothiazine sulfones have been prepared by the oxidation of benzothiazines and phenothiazines with 30% hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid. The structure of all the synthesized compounds has been confirmed by IR and NMR spectral studies.
Demethylation of Quinine Using Anhydrous Aluminium Trichloride (2011)

Quinine is a natural alkaloid having a methoxy group bound to quinoline ring and an allyl group bound to quinuclidine ring. Demethylation of quinine applying strong acid such as HBr or HI at high temperature was unsuccessful. The aim of this research was to obtain demethylated quinine by means of mild and selective demethylation procedure to prevent the addition reaction of allyl group. Selective demethylation of quinine has been carried out using anhydrous aluminium trichloride as reagent. The demethylation product was achieved in 68.12% yield by mole ratio of quinine to anhydrous aluminium trichloride of 1 to 4 in dried methylene chloride under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was firstly carried out at 0C for 4 h and after the reaction mixture reached room temperature, the reaction was continued up to 24 h.
Stereospecific cyclization of β-hydroxy aryl amides to β-lactams (1984)

N-Aryl-β-lactams can be prepared conveniently by an intramolecular reaction of β-hydroxyarylamides under the influence of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and triphenylphosphine (TPP). Optically active 3-amino-2-azetidinone derivatives can be prepared by this method starting with a suitably protected α-amino-β-hydroxy carboxylic acid amide. This cyclization involves the retention of configuration at C2 and complete inversion at C3 of the starting acid. In some cases diamides of azodicarboxylic acid have been used by replacing TPP with the more reactive tributyl phosphine. Other phosphorus reagents such as phosphite esters and hexamethyl phosphorus triamide could also be used.