gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reovirus FAST Protein Transmembrane Domains Function in a Modular, Primary Sequence-Independent Manner To Mediate Cell-Cell Membrane Fusion (2009)

The FAST proteins are a unique family of virus-encoded cell-cell membrane fusion proteins. In the absence of a cleavable N-terminal signal peptide, a single-pass transmembrane domain (TMD) functions as a reverse signal-anchor to direct the FAST proteins into the plasma membrane in an N(exo)/C(cyt) topology. There is little information available on the role of the FAST protein TMD in the cell-cell membrane fusion reaction. We show that in the absence of conservation in the length or primary amino acid sequence, the p14 TMD can be functionally exchanged with the TMDs of the p10 and p15 FAST proteins. This is not the case for chimeric p14 proteins containing the TMDs of two different enveloped viral fusion proteins or a cellular membrane protein; such chimeric proteins were defective for both pore formation and syncytiogenesis. TMD structural features that are conserved within members of the FAST protein family presumably play direct roles in the fusion reaction. Molecular modeling suggests that the funnel-shaped architecture of the FAST protein TMDs may represent such a conserved structural and functional motif. Interestingly, although heterologous TMDs exert diverse influences on the trafficking of the p14 FAST protein, these TMDs are capable of functioning as reverse signal-anchor sequences to direct p14 into lipid rafts in the correct membrane topology. The FAST protein TMDs are therefore not primary determinants of type III protein topology, but they do play a direct, sequence-independent role in the membrane fusion reaction.
Thermomechanical and Thermal Contact Characteristics of Bismuth Telluride Films Electrodeposited on Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2009)

A scalable electrochemical process for addressing the thermomechanical compliance and contact resistance at metal/thermoelectric (M/TE) interfaces by integrating TE films with carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays is presented. Thermomechanical compliance and thermal contact characteristics of TE/CNT/M and TE/M contacts are compared. A process-flow for patterned electrodeposition of TE films on CNT arrays coated surfaces is also demonstrated.
T-Cell Immunophenotyping Distinguishes Active From Latent Tuberculosis (2013)

Combined measurement of T-cell phenotype and function defines a highly discriminatory biomarker of tuberculosis disease activity. Unlocking the diagnostic and monitoring potential of this combined approach now requires validation in large-scale prospective studies.
Method and circuit arrangement for energizing ultrasonic tranducers which are utilized in impulse echo technology (1982)

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A microphone array for hearing aids (2002)

A directional acoustic receiving system is constructed in the form of a necklace including an array of two or more microphones mounted on a housing supported on the chest of a user by a conducting loop encircling the users neck. Signal processing electronics contained in the same housing receive and combine the microphone signals in such a manner as to provide an amplified output signal which emphasizes sounds of interest arriving in a direction forward of the user. The amplified output signal drives the supporting conducting loop to produce a representative magnetic field. An electroacoustic transducer including a magnetic field pick up coil for receiving the magnetic field is mounted in or on the users ear and generates an acoustic signal representative of the sounds of interest. The microphone output signals are weighted (scaled) and combined to achieve desired spatial directivity responses. The weighting coefficients are determined by an optimization process. By bandpass filtering the weighted microphone signals with a set of filters covering the audio frequency range and summing the filtered signals, a receiving microphone array with a small aperture size is caused to have a directivity pattern that is essentially uniform over frequency in two or three dimensions. This method enables the design of highly-directive-hearing instruments which are comfortable, inconspicuous, and convenient to use. The invention provides the user with a dramatic improvement in speech perception over existing hearing aid designs, particularly in the presence of background noise, reverberation, and feedback.
Can rotational congruity be achieved in both flexion and extension when the femoral component is externally rotated in total knee arthroplasty? (1998)

Commercially available total knee implants were cemented onto a custom made jig which provided an axis of rotation perpendicular to the mechanical axis. The femoral component was fixed in 3° of external rotation and articulated with a tibial component implanted in either 3° of external rotation or neutral rotation. A modified femoral component having a thicker posterior lateral than posterior medial condyle was implanted in neutral rotation to articulate with a neutrally rotated tibial component. Fuji film placed in both the medial and lateral compartments was used to determine the centroids of the medial and lateral tibiofemoral contact areas and rotational congruity between the femoral and tibial components. When the femoral component was externally rotated, rotational incongruity of 3.53° occurred in extension if the tibial component was not externally rotated, and rotational incongruity of 3.23° occurred in flexion if the tibial component was externally rotated. With the modified femoral component the angle of rotational congruity remained relatively constant at approximately 0.15° throughout the flexion range and did not exceed 0.20°.
A presenilin‐independent aspartyl protease prefers the γ‐42 site cleavage (2005)

beta-Amyloid peptides (Abeta40 and Abeta42) are the major constituents of amyloid plaques, which are one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Abeta is derived from sequential cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases. gamma-Secretase consists of at least four proteins where presenilins (PS1 and PS2 or PS) are the catalytic subunit involved in the gamma-site cleavage of APP. Secretion of both Abeta40 and Abeta42 is significantly reduced in PS1 knock-out cells and completely abolished in cells deficient for both PS1 and PS2. Consequently, both the PS proteins play essential roles in the production of the secretory of Abeta from cells. Recent studies in primary neurons, however, suggest that PSs are not required for intracellular Abeta42 accumulation; thus the intracellular Abeta42 appears to be generated in a PS-independent manner. Here we present the first biochemical evidence indicating that Abeta, especially Abeta42, can be generated in the absence of PS based on an in vitrogamma-secretase assay employing membranes prepared from PS-deficient Blastocyst-derived (BD) cells. This PS-independent gamma-secretase (PSIG) activity is sensitive to the changes in pH and displays an optimal activity at pH 6.0. Pepstatin A is a potent inhibitor for this proteolytic activity with IC50 of 1.2 nm and 0.4 nm for Abeta40 and Abeta42 generation, respectively. These results indicate that these PS-independent gamma-site cleavages are mediated by an aspartyl protease. More importantly, the PSIG activity displays a distinct preference in mediating the 42-site cleavage over the 40-site cleavage, thereby generating Abeta42 as the predominant product.
Biology and genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus. (1996)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a significant, albeit varied, presence around the world. This virus is primarily transmitted parenterally, although sexual and perinatal transmission does appear to occur. However, no risk factor for transmission could be identified in a significant proportion of infected individuals. It was found that individuals became viremic early after the primary HCV infection, whereas seroconversion and hepatitis occurred several weeks later. It was demonstrated that less than 20% of patients cleared their viremia, with the majority of patients becoming chronically infected. A significant proportion of chronically infected individuals developed chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, and a strong association has been found with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, HCV seems to be associated with autoimmune diseases and type II cryoglobulinemia. Thus, significant morbidity and mortality is caused by HCV infection worldwide. In a single infected individual the genome population of HCV has been found to comprise a quasispecies that consists of a number of identical sequences (i.e., the master sequence) and other closely related sequences. The master sequence of this quasispecies population changes during infection. In particular, it has been found that the sequence of the hypervariable region I changes rapidly in infected individuals. It is possible that the quasispecies nature of HCV constitutes a mechanism by which HCV escapes immune surveillance and establishes a persistent infection in the host. It is now well established that HCV exists as distinct genotypes among different HCV isolates. According to the currently used classification these can be divided into a number of major genetic groups (or types) and subgroups (or subtypes). The extensive genetic heterogeneity of HCV has important implications for diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment and vaccine development.
Abstract #674: Small molecules that target the nuclear export signal of topoisomerase II alpha for the treatment of multiple myeloma (2009)

Background We have previously demonstrated that topoisomerase II\#945; (topo II\#945;) is exported from the nucleus of human multiple myeloma (MM) cells by a CRM1-dependent mechanism (Engel et al, Exp. Cell Res. 295(2):421-31, 2004). We have also identified the nuclear export signals (NES) for topo II\#945; at amino acids 1017-28 and 1054-66 using mutated full-length FLAG-tagged topo II\#945; protein and immunofluorescence microscopy, (Turner et al, J. Cell Sci. 117:3061-71, 2004). Drug resistance to topo II poisons occurs when topo II is trafficked to the cytoplasm where it is not in contact with the DNA, and thus unable to induce cell death. In addition, we have recently shown that blocking nuclear export with a CRM1 inhibitor or by siRNA sensitizes MM cells to topo II poisons. Materials and Methods The structure of S. cerevisiae topo II was used to create a model of human topo II\#945; using the program PhyreA. The procedure for molecular docking involved selection of structural pockets at the NES in topo II\#945; suitable for interactions with drug-like small molecule inhibitors (SMI) and molecular docking simulations where 140,000 small molecules (mw Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 674.
Classification Codes for Soft Information Generation from Hard Flash Reads (2014)

In this paper, a tensor product-based classification code (CC) is proposed to generate coarse soft information based on the hard flash reads for use in soft information-utilizing error correction codes (ECCs), particularly low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. Analysis and simulation results have shown that with a small ECC overhead, CC helps the LDPC code decoder achieve better performance compared to a hard-input case. Furthermore, the proposed code has very simple encoding and decoding algorithms; therefore, it can be easily implemented in hardware to aid existing ECC systems.
Preliminary observations on the use of propionyl-L-carnitine in combination with sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction and diabetes (2004)

Salvage therapy with PLC plus sildenafil was more effective than sildenafil in the treatment of ED in patients with diabetes refractory to sildenafil monotherapy.
An efficient algorithm for R-R intervals series filtering (2005)

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) constitute a simple and non invasive way to study the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. On-line implementation of this technique would allow to follow the evolution of the ANS activity and to track transient events during medical procedures. However, continuous spectral analysis of HRV is not reliable enough due to the difficulty to obtain a noiseless ECG signal during a long period. Indeed, the consequential effects of each ECG signal perturbation on the R-R intervals gives an erroneous evaluation of HRV spectral analysis. In this article, we describe a real time filtering algorithm for R-R intervals series. This filter is able to detect each disturbed area and to replace the erroneous samples with the most probable ones. Therefore, this method allows detecting and replacing up to 90 % of R-R series erroneous samples while keeping the real recording time and without having any effect, beyond measure, on the frequency analysis result.
Specialty Pigments (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Magnetic Pigments Iron Oxide Pigments Production Properties Cobalt-Containing Iron Oxide Pigments Production Properties Chromium Dioxide Physical Properties Production and Chemical Properties Uses and Economic Aspects Metallic Iron Pigments Production Properties Economic Aspects Barium Ferrite Pigments Properties Production Magnetic Recording Properties Toner Pigments Production Iron Oxide Properties Anticorrosive Pigments Introduction Corrosion Mechanism Classification of Anticorrosive Pigments Traditional Lead and Chromate Pigments Lead Pigments Chromate Pigments Phosphate Pigments Zinc Phosphate Modified Orthophosphates Modified Polyphosphates Other Phosphates Other Phosphorus-Containing Pigments Zinc Hydroxyphosphite Iron Phosphide Borate Pigments Calcium Borate Silicates Barium Metaborates Molybdate Pigments Ion-Exchange Pigments Titanium Dioxide-Based Pigments Inorganic Organic Hybrid Pigments Zinc Cyanamide Pigments Micaceous Iron Oxide Pigments Zinc Pigments Corrosion Control of Metals by Protective Coatings Toxicology and Occupational Health Occupational Health Environmental Aspects Classification and Labeling Effect Pigments Special Effect Pigments Introduction Optical Principles of Pearl Luster and Interference Pigments Substrate-Free Pearl Luster Pigments Pigments Formed by Coating of Substrates Metal Effect Pigments Definition History and Technology Characterization Optical Principles Measurements Applications Transparent Pigments Transparent Iron Oxide Pigments Manufacture Properties and Application Transparent Cobalt Blue Transparent Functional Pigments Transparent Titanium Dioxide Transparent Zinc Oxide Luminescent pigments Introduction Historical Overview Luminescence Mechanisms Center Luminescence Charge Transfer Luminescence Donor–Acceptor Pair Luminescence Long-Afterglow Phosphors Excitation Mechanism Optical Excitation of Luminescence and Energy Transfer Electroluminescence Excitation with High Energy Particles Application of Luminescent Materials Application Areas and Phosphors Used Energy Efficiency Considerations of Important Luminescent Devices Preparation of Luminescent Materials Outlook Cascade Phosphors Quantum Dots
The translation initiation factor eIF1A is an important determinant in the tolerance to NaCl stress in yeast and plants (2003)

Protein synthesis is very sensitive to NaCl. However, the molecular targets responsible for this sensitivity have not been described. A cDNA library of the halotolerant plant sugar beet was functionally screened in a sodium-sensitive yeast strain. We obtained a cDNA clone (BveIF1A) encoding the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF1A. BveIF1A was able to partially complement the yeast eIF1A-deficient strain. Overexpression of the sugar beet eIF1A specifically increased the sodium and lithium salt tolerance of yeast. This phenotype was not accompanied by changes in sodium or potassium homeostasis. Under salt stress conditions, yeast cells expressing BveIF1A presented a higher rate of amino acid incorporation into proteins than control cells. In an in vitro protein synthesis system from wheat germ, the BveIF1A recombinant protein improved translation in the presence of NaCl. Finally, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing BveIF1A exhibited increased tolerance to NaCl. These results suggest that the translation initiation factor eIF1A is an important determinant of sodium tolerance in yeast and plants.
Preparation and Improved Physical Characteristics of Propylene Oxide Rubber Composites (2018)

Sealing rubbers employed in cold climates such as the Siberian Arctic must be able to withstand temperatures as low as -50 °C while still exhibiting specific relaxation, strength, tribological characteristics, and a resistance to aggressive media. Previous investigations of propylene oxide rubber (SKPO, T<sub>g</sub> = -73 °C) modified with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have revealed that, while the rubber composite materials exhibit double the wear resistance compared to unmodified polypropylene oxide rubber, they have poor frost resistance. In the present study, we developed materials based on SKPO and ultrafine PTFE (UPTFE), which can be characterized by its smaller particle size, low molecular weight, high tribo-technical characteristics, and resistance to aggressive media. The properties of the rubber composites were evaluated using the standard methods. The structures of the materials were investigated by electron microscopy and XRD analysis. It was shown that the materials have excellent wear resistance, resistance to aggressive media, compression set, and low-temperature resistance. The addition of UPTFE is preferable to the addition of PTFE because the desired positive effects can be attained with only 0.5⁻1 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) UPTFE while 20 phr PTFE would be necessary.
Language-Agnostic Multilingual Modeling (2020)

Multilingual Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) systems allow for the joint training of data-rich and data-scarce languages in a single model. This enables data and parameter sharing across languages, which is especially beneficial for the data-scarce languages. However, most state-of-the-art multilingual models require the encoding of language information and therefore are not as flexible or scalable when expanding to newer languages. Language-independent multilingual models help to address this issue, and are also better suited for multicultural societies where several languages are frequently used together (but often rendered with different writing systems). In this paper, we propose a new approach to building a language-agnostic multilingual ASR system which transforms all languages to one writing system through a many-to-one transliteration transducer. Thus, similar sounding acoustics are mapped to a single, canonical target sequence of graphemes, effectively separating the modeling and rendering problems. We show with four Indic languages, namely, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil and Kannada, that the language-agnostic multilingual model achieves up to 10% relative reduction in Word Error Rate (WER) over a language-dependent multilingual model.
Energy-Efficient, High-Color-Rendering LED Lamps Using Oxyfluoride and Fluoride Phosphors (2010)

LED lamps using phosphor downconversion can be designed to replace incandescent or halogen sources with a “warm-white” correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2700−3200 K and a color rendering index (CRI) greater than 90. However, these lamps have efficacies of ∼70% of standard “cool-white” LED packages (CCT = 4500−6000 K; CRI = 75−80). In this report, we describe structural and luminescence properties of fluoride and oxyfluoride phosphors, specifically a (Sr,Ca)3(Al,Si)O4(F,O):Ce3+ yellow-green phosphor and a K2TiF6:Mn4+ red phosphor, that can reduce this gap and therefore meet the spectral and efficiency requirements for high-efficacy LED lighting. LED lamps with a warm-white color temperature (3088 K), high CRI (90), and an efficacy of ∼82 lm/W are demonstrated using these phosphors. This efficacy is ∼85% of comparable cool-white lamps using typical Y3Al5O12:Ce3+-based phosphors, significantly reducing the efficacy gap between warm-white and cool-white LED lamps that use phosphor downconversion.
Linear quadrupoles with added hexapole fields (2006)

Linear quadrupoles with added hexapole fields are described. The shifts in ion oscillation frequency caused by the addition of a hexapole field are calculated within the effective potential model. Methods to construct linear quadrupoles with added hexapole fields with exact electrode geometries and with round rods are discussed. A quadrupole with added hexapole field can be constructed with round rods by rotating two rods (say the y rods) towards an x rod. Computer simulations are used to investigate the possibility of mass analysis with quadrupoles with added hexapole fields. We find that a quadrupole with an added hexapole field in the range 2-12% can provide mass analysis provided the dc is applied with the correct polarity and value. When a rod set is constructed with round rods, other multipoles in the potential degrade the peak shape, resolution and transmission. The largest of these after the quadrupole and hexapole are a dipole and octopole term. With round rod sets, the peak shape can be improved by using different diameters for the x and y rod pairs to minimize the octopole term in the potential and by injecting ions at the field center where the dipole term is zero. Calculations of the boundaries of the stability diagram for this case show the boundaries move out, relative to those of a pure quadrupole field, but remain sharp.
Correlation of Tissue Antibodies and Food Immune Reactivity in Randomly Selected Patient Specimens (2017)

Objectives: Specific food antigens, such as gliadins and caseins, have been well documented as triggering immune reactivity to human tissues, due to cross-reactivity or molecular mimicry. Food antigens, such as agglutinins, are known to bind to human tissues, which can result in autoantibodies. This study aimed to examine the correlation between food protein antibodies and tissue antibodies.
Method: We selected 118 patients on whom food and tissue antibodies were simultaneously measured in our laboratory. Data was collected on patient IgG reactivity to wheat gliadins and glutenin; IgG+IgA reactivity to caseins, milk butyrophilin and other milk proteins; and IgG reactivity to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and IgG+IgA reactivity to other food lectins/agglutinins. We compared the tissue IgG+IgA positivity between patients positive for food antibodies versus patients negative for food antibodies.
Results: Of 45 patients negative for IgG against gluten proteins, 16 (35%) were reactive against one or more tissues, while of 45 positive for IgG against gluten proteins, 29 (64%) were reactive against tissues. Of 30 patients negative for dairy proteins antibodies, 9 (30%) were reactive against one or more tissues, while of 30 patients positive for dairy antibodies, 22 (73%) were reactive against tissues. Of 25 patients negative for IgG against WGA, 8 (22%) were reactive against one or more tissues, while of 25 patients positive for IgG against WGA, 19 (76%) were reactive against tissues.
Conclusion: Patients with antibody reactivity to specific food proteins showed higher co-occurrence of tissue autoantibodies than patients without food reactivities. More studies are needed to assess the long-term role of diet on the onset and management of autoimmunity.