gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single-phase buck-boost AC-to-DC converter with high-quality input and output waveforms (2002)

This paper describes a new single-phase buck-boost power factor correction (PFC) converter with output-voltage-ripple-free operation. The rectifier is operated by two modulators which obtain PFC and the ripple-free operation, respectively. The modulator controls the buck-boost switch to obtain PFC. On the other hand, another modulator controls squire-value of instantaneous-inductor-current to perform the ripple-free operation. In both modulation, space or time-integral-value of the input and output currents in each modulation period is controlled directly and indirectly, respectively. Thus, modulation errors or distortions of the currents are eliminated even if the DC-inductor-current produces large ripples. The theories and combination technique of the modulators, implementation and experimental results are shown.
An inter-vehicle networking method using laser media (2002)

The number of automobiles is explosively increasing and automobiles have important roles in communities from the viewpoint of transportation. In this situation, the increase in traffic accidents is becoming a serious social problems. Most accidents are caused by the lack of a means of getting information about situations around vehicles. Therefore, the authors propose an inter-vehicle networking method as a means of data exchange. In addition, they propose a variable range sending phase, too. It is able to decrease the number of transmitter-receivers. By using this method, each vehicle can know the positions of neighbor vehicles, the traffic information captured by some other vehicles, and the neighbor node's information such as speed, braking and so on. So this method is well-positioned for the basis of safety and comfortable driving technology. The authors propose a networking method, too. This networking method may be able to broadcast traffic information such as traffic accident information, jam information, and so on.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Critical Thermal Maxima in Populations of Ambystoma macrodactylum from Different Elevations (1983)

James H. Howard, Richard L. Wallace, Jay R. Stauffer, Jr., Critical Thermal Maxima in Populations of Ambystoma macrodactylum from Different Elevations, Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Dec., 1983), pp. 400-402
Experimental Electroretinographic Exploration of Retinal Ischemia: Preventive Use of Free Radical Scavengers and Anti-PAF Agents (1997)

Electroretinographic exploration is an effective approach to evaluate retinal function. In order to investigate physiopathological mechanisms and evaluate potentially protective therapies for retinal ischemia, we developed three experimental models: the first two on isolated retina, with ischemia induced by either stopping perfusion or clamping the ophthalmic artery, and the third, in vivo, with ischemia induced by ocular hypertonia. Since free radicals are implicated in the formation of post-ischemic lesions, we evaluated the protective effects of drugs known to be free radical scavengers and of an immunomediator antagonist, an anti-PAF (platelet activating factor) agent.
Structure tensor analysis of serial optical coherence scanner images for mapping fiber orientations and tractography in the brain (2015)

Quantitative investigations of fiber orientation and structural connectivity at microscopic resolution have led to great challenges for current neuroimaging techniques. Here, we present a structure tensor (ST) analysis of ex vivo rat brain images acquired by a multicontrast (MC) serial optical coherence scanner. The ST considers the gradients of images in local neighbors to generate a matrix whose eigen-decomposition can estimate the local features such as the edges, anisotropy, and orientation of tissue constituents. This computational analysis is applied on the conventional- and polarization-based contrasts of optical coherence tomography. The three-dimensional (3-D) fiber orientation maps are computed from the image stacks of sequential scans both at mesoresolution for a global view and at high-resolution for the details. The computational orientation maps demonstrate a good agreement with the optic axis orientation contrast which measures the in-plane fiber orientation. Moreover, tractography is implemented using the directional information extracted from the 3-D ST. The study provides a unique opportunity to leverage MC high-resolution information to map structural connectivity of the whole brain.
El ordenador como recurso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Educación Física (2004)

En pleno siglo XXI las Nuevas Tecnologias de la Informacion y la Comunicacion (NTIC?s) inundan todo. El uso del ordenador en las clases es cada vez mas habitual, especialmente en comunidades como Extremadura (Espana), pionera en la introduccion de las NTIC?s en las aulas de Secundaria. El profesor de Educacion Fisica tiene un recurso mas para desarrollar su trabajo y los alumnos un arma motivante para acometer los aprendizajes del area.
Porous ceramic vehicles for rat-marrow-derived (Rattus norvegicus) osteogenic cell delivery: effects of pre-treatment with fibronectin or laminin. (1993)

Cultured marrow-derived rat (Rattus norvegicus) mesenchymal cells can differentiate into osteoblasts when combined with an appropriate delivery vehicle and implanted in vivo. Porous ceramics have been successfully utilized for this purpose; however, the cellular interactions with these ceramics have not been delineated, and the optimal conditions for cell loading have not been determined. We have investigated the effects of ceramic pre-treatment with fibronectin and laminin on culture-expanded marrow mesenchymal cells. Scanning electron microscopic imaging was used for assessment of the interaction of these osteogenic cells with treated and untreated ceramic surfaces. The capability of pre-treated and untreated ceramics to retain an inoculum of these cells was determined by quantitation of [3H]thymidine-labeled cells added to ceramics and implanted subcutaneously into syngeneic rat hosts. Finally, the rate of bone formation in ceramic-cell composites, at harvest times ranging from 1 to 5+ wk, was determined histologically. Scanning electron microscopic images indicate that ceramics pre-treated with either laminin or fibronectin provide a surface on which marrow mesenchymal cells spread. Fibronectin and laminin increase cell retention within coated ceramics compared with uncoated controls. Furthermore, morphological evidence of osteogenesis is observed earlier in coated than in untreated ceramics. These observations indicate that cell attachment proteins, such as fibronectin, may augment bone formation in cell-ceramic composites by promoting the attachment and retention of osteoprogenitor cells within ceramic pores.
Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Derived Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Strategies in Orthopedic Surgery (2018)

Infrapatellar fat pad is a densely vascularized and innervated extrasynovial tissue that fills the anterior knee compartment. It plays a role in knee biomechanics as well as constitutes a source of stem cells for regeneration after knee injury. Infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) possess enhanced and age-independent differentiation capacity as compared to other stem cells, which makes them a very promising candidate in stem cell-based regenerative therapy. The aims of this review are to outline the latest advances and potential trends in using IPFP-ASCs and to emphasize the advantages over other sources of stem cells for applications in orthopedic surgery.
The Effect of Acupressure With Massage on Fatigue and Depression in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease (2004)

Fatigue and depressive mood are the most significant symptoms experienced by patients with end-stage renal disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acupressure with massage in fatigue and depression in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis treatment. The study applied an experimental pretest and posttest design. Sixty-two hemodialysis patients participated in the study. Data were collected from two hemodialysis clinics in major hospitals in southern Taiwan. Following consent to the study, subjects were randomly assigned to an acupressure group or a control group. Patients in the acupressure group received acupoint massage for 12 minutes per day, three days per week, for four weeks. Subjects in the control group only received routine unit care. The measures included the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, and Beck ' s Depression Inventory. Descriptive statistics, chi 2 tests, t-test and analyses of covariance were used for data analysis. The results indicate that subjects experienced a moderate level of fatigue. Nearly 65 % of hemodialysis patients had a depressed mood. ANCOVA results indicated that fatigue (F((1.54)) = 9.05, p =.004) and depression (F((1.54)) = 4.20, p =.045) among patients in the acupressure group showed significantly greater improvement than patients in the control group. The findings of this study provide an interventional model for nurses taking care of ESRD patients.
A Novel Approach to the Design of Inhibitors of Human Secreted Phospholipase A2 Based on Native Peptide Inhibition (2001)

Human Type IIA secreted phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IIA) is an important modulator of cytokine-dependent inflammatory responses and a member of a growing superfamily of structurally related phospholipases. We have previously shown that sPLA(2)-IIA is inhibited by a pentapeptide sequence comprising residues 70-74 of the native sPLA(2)-IIA protein and that peptides derived from the equivalent region of different sPLA(2)-IIA species specifically inhibit the enzyme from which they are derived. We have now used an analogue screen of the human pentapeptide (70)FLSYK(74) in which side-chain residues were substituted, together with molecular docking approaches that modeled low-energy conformations of (70)FLSYK(74) bound to human sPLA(2)-IIA, to generate inhibitors with improved potency. Importantly, the modeling studies showed a close association between the NH(2) and COOH termini of the peptide, predicting significant enhancement of the potency of inhibition by cyclization. Cyclic compounds were synthesized and indeed showed 5-50-fold increased potency over the linear peptide in an Escherichia coli membrane assay. Furthermore, the potency of inhibition correlated with steady-state binding of the cyclic peptides to sPLA(2)-IIA as determined by surface plasmon resonance studies. Two potential peptide interaction sites were identified on sPLA(2)-IIA from the modeling studies, one in the NH(2)-terminal helix and the other in the beta-wing region, and in vitro association assays support the potential for interaction of the peptides with these sites. The inhibitors were effective at nanomolar concentrations in blocking sPLA(2)-IIA-mediated amplification of cytokine-induced prostaglandin synthesis in human rheumatoid synoviocytes in culture. These studies provide an example where native peptide sequences can be used for the development of potent and selective inhibitors of enzyme function.
An Improved Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of Salmonella (1984)

ABSTRACT An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for the detection of salmonellae in foods or other samples. This assay detected Salmonella contamination within two working days after initiation, and the EIA required <2 hr to perform. The test was sensitive and specific, showing virtually no cross reactivity to other organisms. No selective enrichment was found to be necessary, as the presence of other organisms, even in much greater numbers, had no effect on the reaction. The sensitivity is such that <10 6 Salmonella /mL were detected, and the food samples studied showed no effect on the background values and did not cause false readings.
Therapeutic effects of lornoxicam-loaded nanomicellar formula in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis (2017)

LX-NM is an alternative delivery system that is simply prepared at low costs. It showed a superior therapeutic efficacy against RA compared to free LX. Thus, LX-NM can be considered as a promising candidate for treatment of RA and similar inflammatory disorders.
Expression of the S-1 catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin in Escherichia coli (1987)

The S-1 subunit of pertussis toxin was expressed as a fusion protein in a strain of Escherichia coli deficient in protein degradation. The fusion protein reacted with anti-pertussis toxin antibody, and, like authentic pertussis toxin, it ADP-ribosylated a 41,000-molecular-weight membrane protein from human erythrocytes.
Passively mode-locked laser diodes with bandgap-wavelength detuned saturable absorbers (1999)

We fabricated monolithic passively mode-locked laser diodes with bandgap-wavelength detuned saturable absorbers using selective growth. The pulsewidth shortened with increasing detuning of the absorber toward shorter wavelengths. For the detuned absorber, the pulsewidth was reduced to 1.2 ps, compared to 2.6 ps for the nondetuned absorber. This originated in broadened mode-locked spectra and reduced absorption recovery time under larger reverse bias voltages for detuned saturable absorbers.
<i>In situ</i> health monitoring and repair in composites using carbon nanotube additives (2007)

The authors demonstrate a simple, effective and real-time diagnostic, and repair technique featuring electrically conductive carbon nanotube additives that are infiltrated into the host structure. They show that by monitoring volume and through-thickness resistance, one can determine the extent and propagation of fatigue-induced damage such as crack and delamination growth in the vicinity of stress concentrations. The conductive nanotube network also provides opportunities to repair damage by enabling fast heating of the crack interfaces; the authors show up to 70% recovery of the strength of the undamaged composite. These advances could result in enhanced safety, reliability, and service life for polymer composites that are used in engineering applications.
Identification of a Novel Macrophage Phenotype That Develops in Response to Atherogenic Phospholipids via Nrf2 (2010)

Together, we identify Nrf2 as a key regulator in the formation of a novel macrophage phenotype (Mox) that develops in response to oxidative tissue damage. The unique biological properties of Mox macrophages suggest this phenotype may play an important role in atherosclerotic lesion development as well as in other settings of chronic inflammation.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Envelope Protein Ion Channel Activity Promotes Virus Fitness and Pathogenesis (2014)

Deletion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) envelope (E) gene attenuates the virus. E gene encodes a small multifunctional protein that possesses ion channel (IC) activity, an important function in virus-host interaction. To test the contribution of E protein IC activity in virus pathogenesis, two recombinant mouse-adapted SARS-CoVs, each containing one single amino acid mutation that suppressed ion conductivity, were engineered. After serial infections, mutant viruses, in general, incorporated compensatory mutations within E gene that rendered active ion channels. Furthermore, IC activity conferred better fitness in competition assays, suggesting that ion conductivity represents an advantage for the virus. Interestingly, mice infected with viruses displaying E protein IC activity, either with the wild-type E protein sequence or with the revertants that restored ion transport, rapidly lost weight and died. In contrast, mice infected with mutants lacking IC activity, which did not incorporate mutations within E gene during the experiment, recovered from disease and most survived. Knocking down E protein IC activity did not significantly affect virus growth in infected mice but decreased edema accumulation, the major determinant of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leading to death. Reduced edema correlated with lung epithelia integrity and proper localization of Na+/K+ ATPase, which participates in edema resolution. Levels of inflammasome-activated IL-1β were reduced in the lung airways of the animals infected with viruses lacking E protein IC activity, indicating that E protein IC function is required for inflammasome activation. Reduction of IL-1β was accompanied by diminished amounts of TNF and IL-6 in the absence of E protein ion conductivity. All these key cytokines promote the progression of lung damage and ARDS pathology. In conclusion, E protein IC activity represents a new determinant for SARS-CoV virulence.
Dramatic caspase-dependent apoptosis in antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection of human mast cells (2008)

Severe forms of dengue virus disease, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, result from an aberrant immune response involving antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, thrombocytopenia, and a loss of vascular integrity, culminating in hemorrhage, shock, and in some cases, death. Several studies have indicated that dengue virus infection results in the induction of apoptosis of certain cells believed to be contributory players in dengue pathogenesis. However, none have specifically examined the role of antibody enhancement in the context of induction of apoptosis. Here, we show that antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection of the FcR-bearing mast cell/basophil KU812 cell line results in a massive induction of apoptosis. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry indicate two distinct subpopulations consisting of productively infected cells and apoptotic-uninfected bystanders. Apoptosis was found to be caspase-dependent, involving global caspase activation and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and D4-guanosine diphosphate dissociation inhibitor (D4-GDI). Additional FcR-bearing cells, including K562, U937, and human mast cell 1 (HMC-1), were analyzed for apoptosis induction following infection. Although all cells displayed high susceptibility to antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection, only cells of a mast cell phenotype (KU812 and HMC-1) were found to undergo apoptosis. Dengue-induced apoptosis of KU812 cells was shown to require antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection by blockade of FcgammaRII. Transfection of KU812 cells with L-SIGN/DC-SIGNR was able to overcome the requirement for antibody enhancement with regard to dengue virus infection and apoptosis.
Estimation of EMF for base stations using signal decoding technique (2019)

In this paper, EMF radiated from base stations was evaluated using signal decoding technique for LTE FDD communication system. We also applied the decoding technique to the fifth generation (5 G) new radio (NR) structure to estimate EMF radiation. The signal decoding technique is a logical method, which the radiated field is estimated based on constant signals transmitted by a base station such as reference signal (4G) and synchronization signal block burst (5G). However, the measured results showed that the received field strength is significantly influenced by fading in the real environment.
Improving the performance of liquid-crystal-over-silicon spatial light modulators: issues and achievements (1994)

The performance of liquid-crystal-over-silicon spatial light modulators has advanced rapidly in recent years. Most progress has centered around new device designs with increased bandwidth. In this paper we report on a number of techniques to improve the optical quality; these have applications in both current and future devices.
(Comet-) Atomic 2020: On Symbolic and Neural Commonsense Knowledge Graphs (2021)

Recent years have brought about a renewed interest in commonsense representation and reasoning in the field of natural language understanding. The development of new commonsense knowledge graphs (CSKG) has been central to these advances as their diverse facts can be used and referenced by machine learning models for tackling new and challenging tasks. At the same time, there remain questions about the quality and coverage of these resources due to the massive scale required to comprehensively encompass general commonsense knowledge. In this work, we posit that manually constructed CSKGs will never achieve the coverage necessary to be applicable in all situations encountered by NLP agents. Therefore, we propose a new evaluation framework for testing the utility of KGs based on how effectively implicit knowledge representations can be learned from them. With this new goal, we propose Atomic 2020, a new CSKG of general-purpose commonsense knowledge containing knowledge that is not readily available in pretrained language models. We evaluate its properties in comparison with other leading CSKGs, performing the first large-scale pairwise study of commonsense knowledge resources. Next, we show that Atomic 2020 is better suited for training knowledge models that can generate accurate, representative knowledge for new, unseen entities and events. Finally, through human evaluation, we show that the few-shot performance of GPT-3 (175B parameters), while impressive, remains ~12 absolute points lower than a BART-based knowledge model trained on Atomic 2020 despite using over 430x fewer parameters.
Pilot-assisted channel estimation based on second-order statistics (2005)

A survey about linear channel estimation exploiting slowly varying channel properties is given for receivers with multiple antenna elements. The slowly varying channel properties are described by the channel's second-order statistics. First, a detailed comparison of classical linear pilot-based channel estimators, a novel matched filter, and reduced-rank (RR) approaches is made in a common framework with respect to the model they assume for the channel, their performance (MSE), and complexity. The matched filter channel estimator is introduced, which exploits second-order statistics with quadratic order of complexity. For flat correlated Rayleigh fading channels, an analytical performance comparison of all estimators in terms of the uncoded bit error probability is provided. It is a generalization of previous results and shows that the matched filter is a low complexity alternative with good performance at an interesting signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range. The effects of these approaches on linear equalization are briefly discussed in the context of direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA), where the focus is on a generalization of the rake receiver in space and time, which reduces the channel rank based on its second-order statistics, resulting in a complexity reduction of the equalizer. For this discussion, a new notation for the generalized rake is presented, which allows for its interpretation in the context of channel estimation and reveals alternatives for implementation. We conclude that exploiting second-order channel statistics results in significant performance gains, and RR channel estimation should only be used together with equalization in the reduced signal subspace.