gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electrolyte Type upon the High-Temperature Resilience of Lithium-Ion Cells (2005)

The effect of electrolyte type upon the resilience of lithium-ion cells to high-temperature storage has been investigated in experimental mesocarbon microbead carbon- three-electrode cells. Specifically, electrolytes have been studied where the solvent mixtures have been varied, with the intention of determining the impact of ethylene carbonate (EC) content upon performance. In addition to determining the reversible and irreversible capacity losses sustained as a result of high-temperature storage , a number of electrochemical measurements (ac impedance, Tafel polarization, and linear polarization) have been performed to determine the impact of the high-temperature exposure upon the electrode kinetics and the nature of the electrode surface films. It was observed that cells containing electrolytes with high EC content (i.e., 70% EC by volume) displayed superior resilience to high-temperature storage, in contrast to cells containing low EC content electrolytes (i.e., 30% EC by volume), which displayed much larger irreversible capacity losses and poorer lithium intercalation/deintercalation kinetics after exposure to high temperatures. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were used to determine quantitatively the fraction of Li in the irreversible solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as compared to Li in the active electrode (both anode and cathode) material. In addition, the electrodes were characterized using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer to examine the film morphology and composition. The results indicate that the nature of the SEI formed on the anode in low EC content cells correlates with the poor electrochemical performance observed after being subjected to high temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Photon Probes for Intracellular Free Metal Ions, Acidic Vesicles, and Lipid Rafts in Live Tissues (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Osteogenic sarcoma: noninvasive in vivo assessment of tumor necrosis with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. (1998)

Normalized apparent diffusion coefficients are more accurate in differentiating between viable and necrotic tumor than are T2 relaxation times or relative signal intensity increases on contrast-enhanced images. Signal intensity overlap between viable and necrotic tumor on gadolinium-enhanced images may be caused by the small molecular size of the agent, which permeates the interstitial space freely, thereby also enhancing necrosis. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging depicts differences in diffusion and, ultimately, in membrane integrity between viable and necrotic tumor and may be used to monitor tumor viability during treatment.
Detection and localization of mouse induced pluripotent stem cell formation using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy images (2016)

We present an automated method for detection and localization of mouse Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells formation by using the fluorescence microscopy images. The differentiated cells that possibly undergo reprogramming to iPS cells can be detected by this method for screening reagents or culture conditions in iPS induction. Our method includes image preprocessing to enhance the fluorescence microscopy images, followed by cell detection to detect isolated fluorescent (reprogramming or reprogrammed iPS) cells. Finally, a clustering technique is used to detect and localize the fluorescent cell clusters. A cluster formation indicates that the reprogramming iPS cells may become reprogrammed. The implementation results show that the automatic method can successfully detect and localize the mouse iPS cell formation, thereby yield a potential tool for helping iPS cell culture.
Laser Speckle Rheology and Micromechanics (2017)

Most pathological conditions are accompanied by alterations in tissue viscoelasticity. In this paper, we describe a new optical approach, Laser Speckle Rheology (LSR), to measure the viscoelastic properties of tissue and detail the results of three applications we have conducted that demonstrate the utility of the LSR approach for cardiology, blood diagnostics and cancer biology applications.
Update of low temperature catalyst development (1987)

A highly active catalyst system for the synthesis of methanol from synthesis gas has been under development at BNL. A combination of low temperature (greater than or equal to70/sup )degree/)C), low pressure (greater than or equal to 100 psi), and liquid phase performance makes it possible to achieve high conversion per pass, typically >90% with feed gas composed of hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of 2 with this new catalyst. High selectivity to methanol (>95%) has been routinely achieved with methyl formate, a value added product, being the by-product. In addition to temperature and pressure, activity of the new catalyst is sensitive to catalyst formulation, solvent medium, and concentration of product methanol. The catalyst is inert to most impurities normally present in coal-derived syngas, although the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide ratio is a critical factor. 6 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions and its industrial applications (2006)

First-principle theories predicted an extremely high magnetoresistance (MR) ratio over 1000% in epitaxial Fe(001)/MgO(001)/Fe(001) MTJs. We have fabricated fully epitaxial Fe-Co(001)/MgO(001)/Fe-Co(001) MTJs and textured CoFeB/MgO(001)/CoFeB MTJs and achieved giant MR ratios above 400% at room temperature. An ultra-low resistance-area (RA) product indispensable for magnetic sensor application has also been achieved in CoFeB/MgO(001)/CoFeB MTJs. The giant TMR effect in MgO-based MTJs is the key for next-generation spintronic devices.
Compact, integrated dynamic holographic memory with refreshed holograms (1997)

An innovative architecture for compact, integrated volume holographic memories is described. It is based on phase-conjugate readout and on a modulator-detector-memory array implemented in a silicon integrated circuit. The lensless memory module sustains dynamic read-write holograms by periodic refreshing. The integrated circuit is described and experimentally characterized. Holograms were stored in a prototype storage module that uses a 30 degrees -cut BaTiO(3) crystal and the 90 degrees recording geometry. As many as three angularly multiplexed holograms were periodically refreshed and subjected to >40% decay from exposure to the reference beam over 50 to 100 cycles. Experimental data are presented.
TU‐C‐141‐10: A Three‐Dimensional Thermoplastic Prostate Phantom for Evaluation of Deformable Image Registration (2013)

Purpose: Proof‐of‐concept of a three‐dimensional (3D) pelvic phantom for evaluation of deformable image registration algorithms. Methods: The phantom represents a cylindrical section of the human pelvic anatomy, modeled after human CT scan data, and is intended for use as an insert in a Modus QUASAR phantom. Polyurethane plastic was used to represent both fat and muscle sections with additives used to achieve appropriate Hounsfield units (HU) for the fat regions. The phantom consists of two halves, manufactured using silicon molds, which are placed together when the phantom is deformed. Keying on the inner surfaces was used to ensure proper alignment of the two halves. A grid of non‐radiopaque markers was printed on the surface of each half‐cylinder. We created two identical phantom sets, then deformed one. Optical imaging was used to characterize marker position pre‐and post‐deformation to calculate the 2D deformation. These can then be superimposed on laser scan profiles of the surface to measure the deformation in the third dimension. Identical markers were printed on both phantom halves to evaluate the effectiveness of the keys. Results: We achieved deformations up to 1.6 mm. The keys remained intact through the deformation process. The mean distance to agreement between the markers on the two halves of the phantoms was 0.28 mm. The deformation field centered around the keys suggests that the keys were effective in keeping the phantom together. Conclusion: We have demonstrated feasibility of a three‐dimensional deformable phantom for evaluation of DIR algorithms. Future tests will be performed to further characterize and optimize performance of the keys. Development of this 3D phantom will enable improved assessment of DIR algorithm accuracy, providing quality assurance and optimization of DIR algorithm usage in the clinical setting. This work was supported in part by a UC Proof of Concept Program Commercialization Gap Grant.
External Modulation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers Using Electrically-Driven Active Metamaterials (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text X. G. Peralta, I. Brener, W. J. Padilla, E. W. Young, A. J. Hoffman, M. J. Cich, R. D. Averitt, M. C. Wanke, J. B. Wright, H. -. Chen, J. F. O'Hara, A. J. Taylor, J. Waldman, W. D. Goodhue, and J. Li, "External Modulation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers Using Electrically-Driven Active Metamaterials," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper CThX3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A novel radon based Ray-Space interpolation algorithm (2008)

Ray-Space interpolation is one of the key technologies to make Ray-Space based FTV (Free Viewpoint Television) system feasible. Since Ray-Space data is composed of straight lines with different slopes, the problem in Ray-Space interpolation is to find the slope of the straight lines which tells us the interpolation direction. In this paper, a radon based Ray-Space interpolation algorithm is proposed. First, feature points of epipolar plane image (EPI) are extracted to form a feature EPI (FEPI). Then, radon transform is applied to FEPI to find the possible interpolation direction. Finally, a new cost function is proposed to improve the smoothness of disparity map and find the optimal interpolation direction. Experimental results show that both the performance and the robustness of the proposed algorithm are much higher than that of the traditional pixel matching based interpolation (PMI) and block matching based interpolation (BMI).
Psychiatric blood biomarkers: avoiding jumping to premature negative or positive conclusions (2015)

Blood biomarkers may provide a scientifically useful and clinically usable peripheral signal in psychiatry, as they have been doing for other fields of medicine. Jumping to premature conclusions, negative or positive, can create confusion in this field. Reproducibility is a hallmark of good science. We discuss some recent examples from this dynamic field, and show some new data in support of previously published biomarkers for suicidality (SAT1, MARCKS and SKA2). Methodological clarity and rigor in terms of biomarker discovery, validation and testing is needed. We propose a set of principles for what constitutes a good biomarker, similar in spirit to the Koch postulates used at the birth of the field of infectious diseases.
Embedded split-gate flash memory with silicon nanocrystals for 90nm and beyond (2008)

We present a split-gate based NOR flash memory array with silicon nanocrystals as the storage medium. 128 KB memory arrays have been evaluated with this technology and the results presented here show a nanocrystal memory that has been demonstrated to achieve a minimum 1.5 V operating window that is maintained through 10 K program/erase cycles; well controlled array threshold distributions; fast source-side injection programming (10-20 us); fast tunnel erase into the gate; and robust high temperature data retention for both uncycled and cycled arrays. Results presented here with focus on the array operation demonstrate the maturity of this technology for implementation into consumer, industrial, and automotive microcontrollers.
Characterization and training of a piezoelectric deformable mirror for operation at 1550 nm (2009)

Characterizing the fundamental response and operational parameters of a deformable mirror is a critical first step in the design of an adaptive optics system. This paper describes the characterization of the influence function and training of a piezoelectric deformable mirror (PDM) at 632 nm. We scale the results to 1550 nm for low to mid order aberration correction for free space laser communications applications in the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR). A modified Twyman-Green interferometer was used to measure the influence functions and to characterize the mirror. The data was analyzed using commercial and customized software.
<title>High-capacity liquid crystal memory medium using optical alignment technology</title> (1997)

A novel optical storage media based on the optical alignment of liquid crystals is reviewed. The high birefringence of the liquid crystal combined with the high spatial and angular control of the liquid crystal orientation using light can lead to new, high capacity, optical storage media. Our work demonstrating that monomeric optically aligned liquid crystal can be subsequently photopolmerized to form stable polymer films further allows for the use of this technology for read-only storage media. Issues regarding the advantages and disadvantages of these potential storage media will be discussed.
Composing schema mappings (2004)

A schema mapping is a specification that describes how data structured under one schema (the source schema) is to be transformed into data structured under a different schema (the target schema). Schema mappings play a key role in numerous areas of database systems, including database design, information integration, and model management. A fundamental problem in this context is composing schema mappings: given two successive schema mappings, derive a schema mapping between the source schema of the first and the target schema of the second that has the same effect as applying successively the two schema mappings.In this paper, we give a rigorous semantics to the composition of schema mappings and investigate the definability and computational complexity of the composition of two schema mappings. We first study the important case of schema mappings in which the specification is given by a finite set of source-to-target tuple-generating dependencies (source-to-target tgds). We show that the composition of a finite set of full source-to-target tgds with a finite set of tgds is always definable by a finite set of source-to-target tgds, but the composition of a finite set of source-to-target tgds with a finite set of full source-to-target tgds may not be definable by any set (finite or infinite) of source-to-target tgds; furthermore, it may not be definable by any formula of least fixed-point logic, and the associated composition query may be NP-complete. After this, we introduce a class of existential second-order formulas with function symbols, which we call second-order tgds, and make a case that they are the right language for composing schema mappings. To this effect, we show that the composition of finite sets of source-to-target tgds is always definable by a second-order tgd. Moreover, the composition of second-order tgds is also definable by a second-order tgd. Our second-order tgds allow equalities, even though the obvious way to define them does not require equalities. Allowing equalities in second-order tgds turns out to be of the essence, because we show that second-order tgds without equalities are not sufficiently expressive to define even the composition of finite sets of source-to-target tgds. Finally, we show that second-order tgds possess good properties for data exchange. In particular. the chase procedure can be extended to second-order tgds so that it produces polynomial-time computable universal solutions in data exchange settings specified by second-order tgds.
Routing and Channel Allocation in Rural Wireless Mesh Networks (2007)

IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi equipment based wireless mesh networks have recently been proposed as an inexpensive approach to connect far-flung rural areas. Such networks are built using high-gain directional antenna that can establish long-distance point-point links. In recent work, a new MAC protocol named 2P has been proposed that is suited for the interference pattern within such a network. However, the 2P protocol requires the underlying graph (for each 802.11 channel) to be bi-partite. Under the assumption that 2P is the MAC protocol used in the mesh network, we make the following contributions in this paper. Given <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> non-interfering 802.11 channels, we propose a simple cut-based algorithm to compute <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> bi-partite sub-graphs (on each of which the 2P protocol can be run separately). We establish the class of graphs that can thus be completely covered by <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> bipartite subgraphs. For the remaining set of graphs, we look into the "price" of routing all end-to-end demands over <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">only</i> the bipartite subgraphs. We analytically establish what fraction of the max flow of the original mesh-graph can be routed over the bipartite subgraphs. Finally we look into the problem of mismatch between the load on a link (as computed by max flow) and its effective capacity under a given channel allocation. We propose heuristics to cluster links with similar loads into the same bipartite graphs (channels) and through comprehensive numerical simulations show that our heuristics come very close to the best possible flow.
Method and apparatus for electrochemical generation of power from cabonaceous fuels. [Oxidized metal (Pb, Sb, or Bi) reduced to element by carbonaceous fuel; cell consumes C and O/sub 2/] (1976)

Method and apparatus are described for the pollution-free generation of electrical power from carbonaceous fuels. Molten lead is electrochemically oxidized to produce lead oxide and electricity in a single integrated cell in which the resulting lead oxide is simultaneously converted back to lead metal by carbothermic reduction with a carbonaceous fuel. The entire process is carried out in a single cell using a molten carbonate as electrolyte in a temperature range of 500/sup 0/ to 900/sup 0/C. The entire cycle thus consumes only carbon and oxygen and produces electricity. It is found that, by thus coupling the electrochemical cell and the thermochemical regeneration system, the resulting integrated carbon--lead--air cell will maintain a voltage well above that provided by a simple lead--air cell, and indeed approach that of a hypothetical carbon--air cell. 2 figures.
Return-map-based approaches for noncoherent detection in chaotic digital communications (2002)

In this work, simple noncoherent detection methods for chaos-shift-keying (CSK) modulation are proposed. By exploiting some deterministic property of the two chaotic maps, the proposed methods recover the digital message through simple decision algorithms. Specifically, the proposed methods exploit the difference in the return maps of the signals representing the digital symbols. Two specific algorithms are discussed, namely a regression-based algorithm and a probability-based algorithm. Simple tent maps are used for illustration. The bit-error-rate under additive white Gaussian noise is studied by computer simulations.
A robust and efficient harmonic balance (HB) using direct solution of HB Jacobian (2009)

International audience
An Extended Relevance Model for Session Search (2017)

The session search task aims at best serving the user's information need given her previous search behavior during the session. We propose an extended relevance model that captures the user's dynamic information need in the session. Our relevance modelling approach is directly driven by the user's query reformulation (change) decisions and the estimate of how much the user's search behavior affects such decisions. Overall, we demonstrate that, the proposed approach significantly boosts session search performance.
Data from Stool DNA Test of Methylated <i>Syndecan-2</i> for the Early Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Background:</b> Although the incidence of colorectal cancer is steadily increasing, screening for colorectal cancer with conventional approaches is not routinely performed in China. Noninvasive screening methods are attractive options to resolve this issue. <i>Syndecan-2 (SDC2)</i> is frequently methylated in colorectal cancer. However, the value of a stool test of methylated <i>SDC2</i> for the detection of colorectal cancer is unknown.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Methylation status of <i>SDC2</i> was tested in cell lines and 398 colorectal tissue samples and further evaluated with 497 stool samples, including 196 from colorectal cancer patients, 122 from adenoma patients, and 179 from normal individuals, using real-time methylation-specific PCR. The impacts of one quantitative partial stool sampling device and 17 potentially interfering substances on the performance of fecal methylated <i>SDC2</i> were also analyzed. <i>SDC2</i> expression was also measured.</p><p><b>Results:</b> <i>SDC2</i> methylation level was higher in 96.8% (120/124) of colorectal cancer tissues compared with paired adjacent normal epithelia. Stool test of methylated <i>SDC2</i> detected 81.1% (159/196) of colorectal cancer and 58.2% (71/122) of adenomas at a specificity of 93.3% (167/179). No significant difference was found between partial and whole stool collection on colorectal cancer detection (<i>P</i> > 0.05, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.80). Among 17 interfering substances, only berberine at high concentrations inhibited fecal detection of methylated <i>SDC2</i>. <i>SDC2</i> was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues compared with normal epithelia.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Fecal methylated <i>SDC2</i> is a valuable biomarker for the noninvasive detection of colorectal neoplasms.</p><p><b>Impact:</b> Stool DNA test of methylated <i>SDC2</i> would serve as an alternative method for screening colorectal neoplasms. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(9); 1411–9. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Perchlorate Detection at Nanomolar Concentrations by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2009)

Perchlorate (ClO4-) has emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant and has been detected in various food products and even in human breast milk and urine. This research developed a sensing technique based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for rapid screening and monitoring of this contaminant in groundwater and surface water. The technique was found to be capable of detecting ClO4- at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M (or approximately 0.1 microg/L) by using 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol (DMAE) modified gold nanoparticles as a SERS substrate. Quantitative analysis of ClO4- was validated with good reproducibility by using both simulated and contaminated groundwater samples. When coupled with a portable Raman spectrometer, this technique has the potential to be used as an in situ, rapid screening tool for perchlorate in the environment.
A 13.5–bit cost optimized multi–bit delta–sigma ADC for ADSL (1999)

A high-resolution multi-bit ΣΔ ADC architecture for operation at low oversampling ratios is introduced. An area-efficient implementation of a 3rd-order 7-bit modulator, avoiding pipeline latency effects, is presented. Clocked at 26 MHz, the 0.6µm CMOS, dual-stage ΣΔ ADC achieves 83 dB SNR over a 1.1 MHz signal bandwidth.