gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wire-antenna designs using genetic algorithms (1997)

There is a large class of electromagnetic radiators designated as wire antennas. As a rule, an inductive process is used to design these antennas. Either an integral equation is formulated or a simulator is used that gives the current distributions on the wires of the antenna, from which the electromagnetic properties of the antenna can then be determined. Once the antenna properties are known, the parameters are optimized, using guides such as intuition, experience, simplified equations, or empirical studies. However, using an electromagnetics simulator in conjunction with a genetic algorithm (GA), it is possible to design an antenna using a completely deductive approach: the desired electromagnetic properties of the antenna are specified, and the wire configuration that most closely produces these results is then synthesized by the algorithm. In this paper, we describe four antennas designed using GAs. The first is a monopole, loaded with a modified folded dipole that was designed to radiate uniform power over the hemisphere at a frequency of 1.6 GHz. The second antenna consists of seven wires, the locations and lengths of which are determined by the GA alone, that radiates waves with right-hand-circular polarization at elevation angles above 10/spl deg/, also at 1.6 GHz. The last two antennas are modified Yagis. One is designed for a broad frequency band and very low sidelobes at a center frequency of 235 MHz. The other is designed for high gain at a single frequency of 432 MHz. We have built and tested these antennas.
Registration of G07-6012 and G07-6029 Soybean Germplasm, Which Derive 50% Pedigree from Wild Soybean (2015)

Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm lines, G07-6012 (Reg. No. GP-394, PI 672992) and G07-6029 (Reg. No. GP-395, PI 672993), were developed and released by the University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. Both G07-6012 and G07-6029 are F4–derived lines from the hybridization of ‘N7103’ × PI 366122, a wild soybean (G. soja Siebold & Zucc.) accession from Japan. G07-6029 is an early maturity group VII line, which yielded 2253 kg ha−1, or 88% of the yield of its elite parent N7103, and 78 and 84% of the yield from cultivars NC-Roy and AGS 758 RR, respectively, over 15 replicated trials in the southern United States. G07-6012 is a late maturity group VII line, which yielded 88% as much as N7103 and 70, 76, 80, and 82% as the check cultivars ‘N7002’, ‘Woodruff’, ‘NC-Raleigh’, and ‘N8001’, respectively, in these same trials. Both G07-6029 and G07-6012 have seed quality and shattering and lodging resistance scores similar to those of the check cultivars. Both G07-6012 and G07-6029 have smaller seed than their G. max parent, N7103 (6.5 g 100-seed weight for G07-6029 and 5.0 g 100-seed weight for G07-6012 compared with 8.0 g 100-seed weight for N7013).These two germplasm releases are the first in the southern United States that were derived from a single cross involving wild soybean. Because of their diverse pedigree (50% from G. soja) and positive agronomic performance, G07-6012 and G07-6029 are released as valuable genetic resources for applied soybean breeding programs.
High-resolution optical coherence tomography using self-adaptive FFT and array detection (2001)

We developed a novel optical coherence tomographic (OCT) system which utilized broadband continuum generation for high axial resolution and a high numeric-aperture (N.A.) Objective for high lateral resolution (<5 micrometers ). The optimal focusing point was dynamically compensated during axial scanning so that it can be kept at the same position as the point that has an equal optical path length as that in the reference arm. This gives us uniform focusing size (<5 mum) at different depths. A new self-adaptive fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm was developed to digitally demodulate the interference fringes. The system employed a four-channel detector array for speckle reduction that significantly improved the image's signal-to-noise ratio.
gmhX, a novel gene required for the incorporation of l-glycero-d -manno-heptose into lipooligosaccharide in Neisseria meningitidis The GenBank accession number for the sequence of the ice-2 operon in Neisseria meningitidis NMB is AF036242. (2001)

Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a critical virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis. A Tn916 insertion mutant, designated 469, was found to exhibit a markedly truncated LOS of 2.9 kDa when compared by Tricine/SDS-PAGE to the parental LOS (4.6 kDa). Electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of 469 LOS revealed that it consisted of the deep rough, heptose-deficient structure, Kdo(2)-lipid A. Sequencing of chromosomal DNA flanking the Tn916 insertion in mutant 469 revealed that the transposon had inserted into an ORF predicted to encode a 187 aa protein with sequence homology to the histidinol-phosphate phosphatase domain of Escherichia coli HisB and to a family of genes of unknown function. The gene, designated gmhX, is part of a polycistronic operon (ice-2) containing two other genes, nlaB and orfC. nlaB encodes a lysophosphatidic-acid acyltransferase and orfC is predicted to encode a N-acetyltransferase. Specific polar and non-polar gmhX mutations in the parental strain, NMB, exhibited the truncated LOS structure of mutant 469, and repair of gmhX mutants by homologous recombination with the wild-type gmhX restored the LOS parental phenotype. GmhX mutants demonstrated increased sensitivity to polymyxin B. GmhX mutants and other Kdo(2)-lipid A mutants also demonstrated increased sensitivity to killing by normal human serum but were not as sensitive as inner-core mutants containing heptose. In the genomes of Helicobacter pylori and Synechocystis, gmhX homologues are associated with heptose biosynthesis genes; however, in N. meningitidis, gmhX was found in a location distinct from that of gmhA, rfaD, rfaE, aut and rfaC. GmhX is a novel enzyme required for the incorporation of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose into meningococcal LOS, and is a candidate for the 2-D-glycero-manno-heptose phosphatase of the heptose biosynthesis pathway.
The critical role of structural dynamics on the optoelectronic device performance in hybrid perovskites (2017)

International audience
An 8�8 IEEE-Compliant Lifting-Based Multiplierless IDCT Structure and Algorithm (2007)

In this paper we propose a lifting-based 8times8 IDCT structure and its EEEE-1180 compliant approximation solution. Derived from an efficient Loeffler's 11-multiply IDCT structure, the proposed scheme comprises of butterflies and dyadic-rational lifting steps that can be implemented using only shift and add operations. Our approach also allows the computational scalability with different accuracy-versus-complexity trade-offs. Furthermore, the lifting construction allows a simple construction of the corresponding multiplierless forward DCT, providing bit-exact reconstruction if pairing with our proposed IDCT Our high-accuracy solution provides a very close approximation of the floating-point IDCT. The experiments in MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 video coders under the worst-case assumptions show almost drifting-free reconstructions.
Compressive sensing based 3D SAR imaging with multi-PRF baselines (2014)

In this paper, we fundamentally re-examine 3D SAR imaging and propose a CS-based approach aiming to reduce the data collection cost and increase the elevation resolution. In particular, our approach significantly reduces the number of baselines required to acquire the scene of interest, as well as the pulsing rate in each baseline. The baselines are collected using multiple passes of a single or multiple SAR platforms such that their elevations are randomly distributed in the available elevation space. Each baseline uses a fixed pulse repetition frequency (PRF) which can be different from the PRFs used in other baselines. Using the collected multi-baseline data in its entirety we generate a high resolution 3D reflectivity map, using a CS-based iterative imaging algorithm. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve elevation resolution significantly by fusing data from multiple platforms due to the very large virtual elevation aperture even with a small number of baselines.
Antibody-Mediated Activation of <i>Drosophila</i> Heat Shock Factor in Vitro (1990)

Eukaryotic cells respond to elevated temperatures by rapidly activating the expression of heat shock genes. Central to this activation is heat shock-inducible binding of the transcriptional activator, termed heat shock factor (HSF), to common regulatory elements, which are located upstream of all heat shock genes. The DNA binding activity of the inactive form of Drosophila HSF was induced in vitro by treatment with polyclonal antibodies to the purified, in vivo-activated factor. This finding, together with observations that high temperature and low pH activate HSF binding in vitro, suggests that the inactive form of HSF can directly recognize and transduce the heat shock signal without undergoing a covalent modification of protein structure.
A less recursive variant of Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm for multiplying operands of size a power of two (2004)

We propose a new algorithm for fast multiplication of large integers having a precision of 1k computer words, where k is an integer. The algorithm is derived from the Karatsuba-Ofman Algorithm and has the same asymptotic complexity. However, the running time of the new algorithm is slightly better, and it makes one third as many recursive calls.
Developing Flexible, High Performance Polymers with Self-Healing Capabilities (2011)

Flexible, high performance polymers such as polyimides are often employed in aerospace applications. They typically find uses in areas where improved physical characteristics such as fire resistance, long term thermal stability, and solvent resistance are required. It is anticipated that such polymers could find uses in future long duration exploration missions as well. Their use would be even more advantageous if self-healing capability or mechanisms could be incorporated into these polymers. Such innovative approaches are currently being studied at the NASA Kennedy Space Center for use in high performance wiring systems or inflatable and habitation structures. Self-healing or self-sealing capability would significantly reduce maintenance requirements, and increase the safety and reliability performance of the systems into which these polymers would be incorporated. Many unique challenges need to be overcome in order to incorporate a self-healing mechanism into flexible, high performance polymers. Significant research into the incorporation of a self-healing mechanism into structural composites has been carried out over the past decade by a number of groups, notable among them being the University of I1linois [I]. Various mechanisms for the introduction of self-healing have been investigated. Examples of these are: 1) Microcapsule-based healant delivery. 2) Vascular network delivery. 3) Damage induced triggering of latent substrate properties. Successful self-healing has been demonstrated in structural epoxy systems with almost complete reestablishment of composite strength being achieved through the use of microcapsulation technology. However, the incorporation of a self-healing mechanism into a system in which the material is flexible, or a thin film, is much more challenging. In the case of using microencapsulation, healant core content must be small enough to reside in films less than 0.1 millimeters thick, and must overcome significant capillary and surface tension forces to flow, mix and react to achieve healing. Vascular networks small enough to fit into such films must also overcome these same flow limitations. Self-healing has also been demonstrated in ionomeric substrates such as Surlyn , wherein the heat generated by a projectile impact triggers the latent ability of this substrate to flow back to its original shape. Recent work using Diels-Alder reactions have shown promise in bringing about actual reforming of broken chemical bonds to achieve self-healing [2]. All self-healing mechanisms that rely on the use of inherent latent substrate properties require some degree of polymer chain flow to achieve any significant level of healing.
Development of multianalyte sensor arrays for continuous monitoring of pollutants (1995)

Industrial development has led to the release of numerous hazardous materials into the environment posing a potential threat to surrounding waters. Environmental analysis of sites contaminated by several chemicals calls for continuous monitoring of multiple analytes. Monitoring can be achieved by using imaging bundles (300--400 {micro}m in diameter), containing several thousand individual optical fibers for the fabrication of sensors. Multiple sensor sites are created at the distal end of the fiber by immobilizing different analyte-specific fluorescent dyes. By coupling these imaging fibers to a charge coupled device (CCD), one has the ability to spatially and spectrally discriminate the multiple sensing sites simultaneously and hence monitor analyte concentrations.
High performance interminiband quantum cascade lasers with graded superlattices (1998)

A new class of quantum cascade lasers is presented. They are based on interminiband transitions in chirped superlattices (SL), where the applied electric field is compensated by the quasielectric field resulting from a gradually varying SL period length and average composition. In this way “flat” minibands can be obtained without the need for dopants. At room temperature record high peak (0.5 W) and average (14 mW) powers are obtained for a laser of 7.6 μm wavelength, with the lowest threshold current densities (5 kA/cm2) reported so far for quantum cascade lasers. The maximum temperature for continuous wave operation is an unprecedented 160 K.
Validation of active shape model techniques for intra-cochlear anatomy segmentation in CT images (2021)

Cochlear implants (CIs) have been shown to be highly effective restorative devices for patients suffering from severe-to-profound hearing loss. Hearing outcomes with CIs are dependent on the positions of the electrodes with respect to intracochlear anatomy. However, intra-cochlear anatomy can only be directly visualized using high resolution modalities such as μCT, which cannot be used in vivo. Despite this limitation, we have developed an active shape model approach for segmenting the intra-cochlear anatomy by leveraging the visible structures as landmarks. Still, due to the limited availability of μCT specimens, the segmentation method was validated on only a small dataset of 5 samples. In this study, we expand the dataset to 16 samples and provide a more comprehensive validation of the method’s performance with respect to model parameters and training set size. We found parameters that optimize mean surface segmentation performance to 0.11mm. Parameters that corresponded to tighter constraints generally led to smaller errors, and returns on segmentation performance begin diminishing after 11 samples, thus suggesting that the main performance bottleneck is due to the searching scheme rather than a limited training set size. These results are critical to understand the limitations of the method for clinical use and for future development.
Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells: Differentiation, Function, and Application to Dengue Virus Infection (2016)

Dengue virus (DENV) has spread through most tropical and subtropical areas of the world and represents a serious public health problem. The control of DENV infection has not yet been fully successful due to lack of effective therapeutics or vaccines. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the immune responses against DENV infection may reveal new strategies for eliciting and improving antiviral immunity. T cells provide protective immunity against various viral infections by generating effector cells that cooperate to eliminate antigens and memory cells that can survive for long periods with enhanced abilities to control recurring pathogens. Following activation, CD8 T cells can migrate to sites of infection and kill infected cells, whereas CD4 T cells contribute to the elimination of pathogens by trafficking to infected tissues and providing help to innate immune responses, B cells, as well as CD8 T cells. However, it is now evident that CD4 T cells can also perform cytotoxic functions and induce the apoptosis of target cells. Importantly, accumulating studies demonstrate that cytotoxic CD4 T cells develop following DENV infections and may play a crucial role in protecting the host from severe dengue disease. We review our current understanding of the differentiation and function of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, with a focus on DENV infection, and discuss the potential of harnessing these cells for the prevention and treatment of DENV infection and disease.
Using Game Theory for Threat Intelligence (2017)

Penetration testing is regarded as the gold-standard for understanding how well an organization can withstand sophisticated cyber-attacks. In a penetration test, a “red team” is hired to expose major flaws in the firm's security infrastructure. Recently, however, the market for exploit kits has continued to evolve and what was once a rather hard-to-penetrate and exclusive market—whose buyers were primarily western governments [95], has now become more accessible to a much wider population. In particular, 2015 saw the introduction of darknet markets specializing in zero-day exploit kits—exploits designed to leverage previously undiscovered vulnerabilities. These markets, which were discussed in Chapters 3–5, make exploits widely available to potential attackers. These exploit kits are difficult and time consuming to develop—and are often sold at premium prices. The cost associated with these sophisticated kits generally precludes penetration testers from simply obtaining such exploits, meaning an alternative approach is needed to understand what exploits an attacker will most likely purchase and how to defend against them. In this chapter, we introduce a data-driven security game framework to model an attacker and a defender of a specific system, providing system-specific policy recommendations to the defender. In addition to providing a formal framework and algorithms to develop strategies, we present experimental results from applying our framework, for various system configurations, on a subset of the real-world exploit data gathered from the system presented in Chapter 4. This game theoretic framework provides another example of rich cyber threat intelligence that can be derived from the darknet exploit data.
Segmenting Articular Cartilage Automatically Using a Voxel Classification Approach (2007)

We present a fully automatic method for articular cartilage segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which we use as the foundation of a quantitative cartilage assessment. We evaluate our method by comparisons to manual segmentations by a radiologist and by examining the interscan reproducibility of the volume and area estimates. Training and evaluation of the method is performed on a data set consisting of 139 scans of knees with a status ranging from healthy to severely osteoarthritic. This is, to our knowledge, the only fully automatic cartilage segmentation method that has good agreement with manual segmentations, an interscan reproducibility as good as that of a human expert, and enables the separation between healthy and osteoarthritic populations. While high-field scanners offer high-quality imaging from which the articular cartilage have been evaluated extensively using manual and automated image analysis techniques, low-field scanners on the other hand produce lower quality images but to a fraction of the cost of their high-field counterpart. For low-field MRI, there is no well-established accuracy validation for quantitative cartilage estimates, but we show that differences between healthy and osteoarthritic populations are statistically significant using our cartilage volume and surface area estimates, which suggests that low-field MRI analysis can become a useful, affordable tool in clinical studies.
Optimization of transform coefficient selection and motion vector estimation considering interpicture dependencies in hybrid video coding (2005)

Considering inter-picture dependencies when selecting transform coefficient levels in hybrid video coding can be done via formulating the decoding process as a linear signal model and solving a quadratic program. The basic method assumes motion estimation and quantization parameters as being given and then selects the transform coefficient levels. However, when motion vectors are determined in advance, motion estimation must be conducted using uncoded reference pictures which is known to deliver inferior results compared to motion estimation on decoded reference pictures. In this work, we expand the basic method to incorporate the case where the motion estimation is considering decoded reference pictures. We propose an approach that iterates between transform coefficient selection and motion estimation. We find that a simple two-pass iteration works reasonably well. Our simulation results using an H.264/AVC-conforming encoder show coding gains up to 1 dB in comparison to the quantization method specified in the test model of H.264/AVC.
Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methane Using a Water‐lean, Post‐Combustion CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Solvent (2021)

Integrated carbon capture and conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into materials (IC<sup>3</sup> M) is an attractive solution to meet global energy demand, reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, and lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Herein, using a water-lean post-combustion capture solvent, [N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-morpholinopropan-1-amine] (2-EEMPA), >90 % conversion of captured CO<sub>2</sub> to hydrocarbons, mostly methane, is achieved in the presence of a heterogenous Ru catalyst under relatively mild reaction conditions (170 °C and <15 bar H<sub>2</sub> pressure). The catalytic performance was better in 2-EEMPA than in aqueous 5 m monoethanol amine (MEA). Operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study showed in situ formation of N-formamide intermediate, which underwent further hydrogenation to form methane and other higher hydrocarbons. Technoeconomic analyses (TEA) showed that the proposed integrated process can potentially improve the thermal efficiency by 5 % and reduce the total capital investment and minimum synthetic natural gas (SNG) selling price by 32 % and 12 %, respectively, compared to the conventional Sabatier process, highlighting the energetic and economic benefits of integrated capture and conversion. Methane derived from CO<sub>2</sub> and renewable H<sub>2</sub> sources is an attractive fuel, and it has great potential as a renewable hydrogen carrier as an environmentally responsible carbon capture and utilization approach.
CMOS active pixel image sensor with simple floating gate pixels (1995)

A new pixel structure using a simple floating gate (SFG) has been proposed. The pixel consists of a coupling capacitor, a photogate, a barrier gate and a MOS transistor. It features complete reset that results in no kTC noise and no image lag, high blooming overload protection, nondestructive readout (NDRO), and CMOS compatibility. Its basic operation has been confirmed with a 32(H)/spl times/27(V) pixel area array. Since the pixel structure is relatively simple, small pixel size is feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>