gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an efficient miniaturized UHF planar antenna (2002)

In this paper the design aspects and the measured results of a novel miniaturized planar antenna are described. The topology of an efficient, miniaturized, resonant slot antenna is presented and its radiation, input impedance, and bandwidth characteristics are investigated. This class of antennas can exhibit simultaneous band selectivity and anti-jam characteristics in addition to possessing a planar structure and low profile, which is easily integrable with other RF and microwave circuits.
Range enlargement of optical pulse compression reflectometry based on amplified heterodyne detection (2016)

A new scheme of optical pulse compression reflectometry based on amplified heterodyne detection is proposed to enlarge the measurement range. 58 km measurement range with 10 cm spatial resolution is experimentally demonstrated.
The Influence of the Geometry on the Performance of a Thermopneumatic Micropump Operated by Capillary Attraction (2009)

Recently, we developed a simple thermopneumatic micropump having neither a membrane nor a valve. This micropump discharges liquid by a thermopneumatic pressure and refill by a capillary attraction. In case of the micropump driven by the capillary attraction, the flow characteristic depends mainly on the geometry of the micropump. In this paper, we investigated the influence of the geometry of the micropump on the performance of the micropump to illustrate the properness of the micropump shape. We analyzed the micropump characteristics of six types having different geometries by FVM simulation with a commercial CFD tool. Also we fabricated the micropumps with PDMS and glass by micromachining, and tested the performances. The simulation and the test results illustrate that the discharge volume and the discharge time depend on the chamber volume. The expansion angle of the inlet channel location has influence on the refill time, while the front air channel direction has influence on the backward flow loss.
A Capillary Electrophoresis Platform With “On-Chip” Electrochemical Detection: Experimental and Computational Flow Studies (2001)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare experimental electrokinetic plug flow velocities to computational flow models of microfabricated capillaries. Electroosmotic flow studies of dichlorofluorescein and electrophoretic separation of dopamine and catechol in a microfabricated capillary electrophoresis (CE) system were performed both experimentally and computationally. A “balanced cross design” consisting of a bent 2 cm long injection channel and a straight 2 cm long separation channel was used. The geometry of the capillary was 65 μm wide and 20 μm deep. For the fluorescein study, separation voltages ranging between 0.25 kV and 1 kV were applied, while voltages ranging from 100 V to 550 V were used in the separation studies. Laser Induced Fluorescent (LIF) images were obtained for flow visualization and qualitative analysis in the electroosmotic flow studies, while electrochemical potentials were acquired using “on-chip” electrodes interfaced to a custom-designed power supply and electrochemical detection (ECD) circuit. Finite element models of the experimental device were generated and flows were simulated using commercially available software. For the electroosmotic flow studies, the computational results were found to be within ± 11% of the experimentally obtained values. Similarly, the results of the computational separations of catechol and dopamine predicted plug velocities that were within ± 7.6% of the experimentally determined values.
High-power phosphor-free InGaN/AlGaN dot-in-a-wire core-shell white light-emitting diodes (2015)

We report on the achievement of relatively high power phosphor-free white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using a new self-organized InGaN/AlGaN dot-in-a-wire core-shell nanowire heterostructure. Multiple AlGaN shell layers are spontaneously formed during the growth of the quantum dot active region. Due to the drastically reduced nonradiative surface recombination, such core-shell nanowire structures exhibit significantly increased carrier lifetime (from ~ 0.3ns to ~ 4.5ns) and massively enhanced photoluminescence intensity. Strong white-light emission was recorded for the unpackaged core-shell nanowire LEDs with an output power of >5 mW, measured under an injection current ~ 60A/cm<sup>2</sup>, with a color rendering index of ~ 95.
Channelled substrate lasers prepared by combination of organometallic pyrolysis and liquid-phase epitaxy (1980)

Channelled substrate planar (c.s.p.) GaAlAs-GaAs d.h. lasers with p-type blocking layers have been prepared using a combination of organometallic pyrolysis and liquid-phase epitaxy. The use of o.m.p. to prepare the channelled blocking layers allows the growth of thin first confining layers necessary for good mode control. Devices produced in this manner are both linear and single-mode to power levels in excess of 14 mW.
Carbocationic Polymerization in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. IV.* the Isomerization Polymerization of 3-Methyl-1-Butene and 4-Methyl-1-Pentene (1995)

Abstract The first carbocationic isomerization polymerization of 3-methyl-1-butene and 4-methyl-1-pentene in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC°CO2) has been demonstrated. The use of the "H2O"/AlCl3 initiating system at 32.5°C readily gives ∼40% conversions of poly(3-methyl-1-butene) of Mn = 1000 (Mw/Mn = 1.41), and ∼70% conversions of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) of Mn = 1700 (Mw/Mn = 2.16). According to IR spectroscopy the degrees of isomerization in SC°CO2 at 32.5°C are similar to those occurring in conventional liquid systems at much lower temperatures. The nature and mechanism of side reactions are discussed.
Thermoacoustic tomography using optical line detection (2005)

Thermoacoustic computed tomography (TACT) is a method to visualize structures with optical contrast hidden in a light-scattering medium. Pulses of electromagnetic radiation that are absorbed in an optically heterogeneous object cause a distribution of energy density and thermoelastic pressure that is determined by the distribution of optical absorption. In conventional TACT, pressure waves emitted by the object are measured with small acoustic detectors and the temporal signals are used for reconstruction of the energy density distribution. To avoid the limitation of the spatial resolution of the image by the finite detector size we propose to use large, integrating detectors, where the object is always in the detector near field. This has the advantage that not only the finite size effect can be avoided but also that for image reconstruction the conventional, inverse Radon transform can be applied. In the present work the integrating detectors have the shape of a line, formed by a laser beam that is part of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. By scanning the line detector and rotating the sample a data set can be acquired from which a full three-dimensional image of the energy density distribution in the object can be reconstructed. The data acquisition and image reconstruction procedures are described in detail. In a first imaging experiment a three-dimensional image of a phantom is presented. Finally, ways to improve the imaging speed as well as the spatial resolution are discussed.
Probing keratinocyte and differentiation specificity of the human K5 promoter in vitro and in transgenic mice. (1993)

Keratins K5 and K14 form the extensive intermediate filament network of mitotically active basal cells in all stratified epithelia. We have explored the regulatory mechanisms governing cell-type-specific and differentiation stage-specific expression of the human K5 gene in transiently transfected keratinocytes in vitro and in transgenic mice in vivo. Six thousand base pairs of 5' upstream K5 sequence directed proper basal cell-specific expression in all stratified epithelia. Surprisingly, as few as 90 bp of the K5 promoter still directed expression to stratified epithelia, with expression predominantly in epidermis, hair follicles, and tongue. Despite keratinocyte-preferred expression, the truncated K5 promoter displayed departures from basal to suprabasal expression in epidermis and from outer root sheath to inner root sheath expression in the follicle, with some regional variations in expression as well. To begin to elucidate the molecular controls underlying the keratinocyte specificity of the truncated promoter, we examined protein-DNA interactions within this region. A number of keratinocyte nuclear proteins bind to a K5 gene segment extending from -90 to +32 bp and are functionally involved in transcriptional regulation in vitro. Interestingly, several of these factors are common to both the K5 and K14 promoters, although they appear to be distinct from those previously implicated in keratinocyte specificity. Mutagenesis studies indicate that factors binding in the vicinity of the TATA box and transcription initiation are responsible for the cell type specificity of the truncated K5 promoter.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND CTLA4-Ig AFTER MYOBLAST TRANSPLANTATION IN MICE (1996)

Various combinations of monoclonal antibodies specific for lymphocyte cell surface antigens and a recombinant molecule (CTLA4-Ig) were used to immunosuppress mice after transplantation of MHC-incompatible myoblasts. To assess the effectiveness of the immunosuppression, the donor myoblasts were obtained from a transgenic mouse (TnI LacZ1/29) containing a beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene under the control of a muscle-specific promoter. No muscle fibers expressing beta-gal were observed 1 month after the myoblast transplantation, when the animals were not immunosuppressed or were treated with CTLA4-Ig alone. Approximately 50% of the muscle fibers expressed the beta-gal reporter gene 1 month after transplantation in mice treated with CTLA4-Ig combined with an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody and in mice treated with a combination of anti-CD4, anti-CD8, and anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. The percentage of beta-gal-labeled muscle fibers increased to 94% when this combination of the three monoclonal antibodies was administrated weekly for 3 weeks. Although excellent graft survival rates were obtained 1 month after transplantation, reflecting an effective immunosuppression by these three treatments, no beta-gal-positive fibers were found 2 months after the transplantation, indicating the inability of these immunosuppressive agents to maintain long-term graft survival and induce tolerance to the myoblasts and muscle fibers of donor origin.
Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Sulfur Particles Electrically Isolated from Carbon Cathodes of Lithium-Sulfur Cells (2014)

This work presents a new insight into the reduction mechanism of solid sulfur during the first step of cell discharge, that is, a 2.4 V plateau in Li-S batteries, by testing a specially designed cell with the solid sulfur electrically isolated from the carbon cathode and comparing it with a conventional cell. Importantly, the cell with the electrically isolated sulfur particles confined between two separators shows very normal operation even during the first cycle and provides the same result as a conventional cell after several cycles. Based on the controlled potentiostatic and galvanostatic experiments, we propose a reasonable reaction route: a portion of the electrically isolated solid sulfur (S8) is dissolved in the electrolyte solution to form sulfur molecules, which can be electrochemically reduced to polysulfides on the carbon surface.
A delay metric for RC circuits based on the Weibull distribution (2004)

Physical synthesis optimizations require fast and accurate analysis of RC networks. Elmore first proposed matching circuit moments to a probability density function (PDF), which led to widespread adoption of his simple and fast metric. The more recently proposed PRIMO and H-gamma metrics match the circuit moments to the PDF of a Gamma statistical distribution. We instead propose to match the circuit moments to a Weibull distribution and derive a new delay metric called Weibull-based delay (WED). The primary advantages of WED over PRIMO and H-gamma are its efficiency and ease of implementation. Experiments show that WED is robust and has satisfactory accuracy at both near- and far-end nodes.
Portable checkpointing for heterogeneous architectures (2002)

Current approaches for checkpointing assume system homogeneity, where checkpointing and recovery are both performed on the same processor architecture and operating system configuration. Sometimes it is desirable or necessary to recover a failed computation on a different processor architecture. For such situations checkpointing and recovery must be portable. In this paper, we argue that source-to-source compilation is an appropriate concept for this purpose. We describe the compilation techniques that we developed for the design of the c2ftc prototype. The c2fte compiler enables machine-independent checkpoints by automatic generation of checkpointing and recovery code. Sequential C programs are compiled into fault tolerant C programs, whose checkpoints can be migrated across heterogeneous networks, and restarted on binary incompatible architectures. Experimental results on several systems provide evidence that the performance penalty of portable checkpointing is negligible for realistic checkpointing frequencies.
Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Antibody Limits Heart Failure in a Transgenic Model (2001)

Blockade of TNF-alpha bioactivity by antibody therapy may both preserve cardiac function and partially reverse pathological changes in congestive heart failure.
Evaluation of a novel "intelligent" dosing system for optimizing FK 506 therapy. (1991)

THE available clinical evidence suggests that careful control of plasma drug levels of FK 506 and therapeutic monitoring are important to balance the opposing risks of drug toxicity and graft rejection.1,2 An accurate and simple dosing algorithm that could be applied at bedside would facilitate standardization of patient management. Therefore, a computerized dosing algorithm for FK 506 and prednisone was developed. This “intelligent” dosing system (IDS) assumes no previous computer experience and operates on any IBM or IBM-compatible microcomputer system.

The advantages of an accurate and simple automated drug dosing program include minimizing the learning curve for the physician prescribing the drug, particularly for drugs with large pharmacokinetic variability and a narrow therapeutic index. It should also improve patient care by reducing toxicity and decreasing the length of hospital stay experienced by patients, both of which should result in a cost-benefit advantage.

The computerized dosing algorithm for FK 506 can best be described as an “expert system” utilizing stochastic open loop control theory.3 Expert systems are computer programs that use a body of knowledge and specific rules to solve problems that are usually solved by human experts. In essence, an expert system uses what is called a “knowledge base” to solve problems. A knowledge base is a large body of information about a particular subject that is based on experience.3 The expert system developed for FK 506 dosing is a prediction system that uses data about a patient's current state to predict the patient's future state based on a large body of empirical clinical experience with the drug in the patient of interest. Since individualization of FK 506 dosing is important, specific parameters of patient status have been incorporated into the decision matrix. In such a system, a “learned response” is predicted based on previously obtained empiric experience. In this study, a dosing algorithm for FK 506 is described. In addition, the results of a prospective study designed to validate the accuracy and precision of the prediction capabilities of the program are reported.
Preparation of Zirconia‐Toughened Bioactive Glass‐Ceramic Composite by Sinter–Hot Isostatic Pressing (1992)

High‐strength bioactive ceramics, MgO‐CaO‐SiO 2 ‐P 2 O 5 glass‐ceramic composites toughened by zirconia, were prepared by sinter‐hot isostatic pressing (sinter‐HIPing) to achieve easier mass production and higher reliability. Raw materials for preparing a dense presintered body were investigated to obtain almost complete densification by sinter‐HIPing. It was found that the densification of a presintered body was influenced by residual glassy phases in the crystallized glass particles. By using a controlled crystallized glass powder and a zirconia powder as raw materials, a presintered body with a relative density higher than 94% was prepared, and then it was densified to near its theoretical density by sinter‐HIPing. This bioceramic exhibited an extremely high bending strength of 400 to 1000 MPa and fracture toughness of 3 to 5 MPa.m 1/2 for 30 to 80 vol% of zirconia.
Integrated image reconstruction and gradient nonlinearity correction (2014)

Accounting for GNL during image reconstruction allows geometric distortion to be corrected with less spatial resolution loss than is typically observed with the conventional image domain correction strategy.
Stepwise DNA Methylation Changes Are Linked to Escape from Defined Proliferation Barriers and Mammary Epithelial Cell Immortalization (2009)

The timing and progression of DNA methylation changes during carcinogenesis are not completely understood. To develop a timeline of aberrant DNA methylation events during malignant transformation, we analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in an isogenic human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) culture model of transformation. To acquire immortality and malignancy, the cultured finite lifespan HMEC must overcome two distinct proliferation barriers. The first barrier, stasis, is mediated by the retinoblastoma protein and can be overcome by loss of p16(INK4A) expression. HMEC that escape stasis and continue to proliferate become genomically unstable before encountering a second more stringent proliferation barrier, telomere dysfunction due to telomere attrition. Rare cells that acquire telomerase expression may escape this barrier, become immortal, and develop further malignant properties. Our analysis of HMEC transitioning from finite lifespan to malignantly transformed showed that aberrant DNA methylation changes occur in a stepwise fashion early in the transformation process. The first aberrant DNA methylation step coincides with overcoming stasis, and results in few to hundreds of changes, depending on how stasis was overcome. A second step coincides with immortalization and results in hundreds of additional DNA methylation changes regardless of the immortalization pathway. A majority of these DNA methylation changes are also found in malignant breast cancer cells. These results show that large-scale epigenetic remodeling occurs in the earliest steps of mammary carcinogenesis, temporally links DNA methylation changes and overcoming cellular proliferation barriers, and provides a bank of potential epigenetic biomarkers that may prove useful in breast cancer risk assessment.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeted Chemical Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Platform Molecules (2015)

Abstract Review: 212 refs.
The Exosome Total Isolation Chip (2017)

Circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source for identifying cancer biomarkers for early cancer detection. However, the clinical utility of EVs has thus far been limited by the fact that most EV isolation methods are tedious, nonstandardized, and require bulky instrumentation such as ultracentrifugation (UC). Here, we report a size-based EV isolation tool called ExoTIC (exosome total isolation chip), which is simple, easy-to-use, modular, and facilitates high-yield and high-purity EV isolation from biofluids. ExoTIC achieves an EV yield ∼4-1000-fold higher than that with UC, and EV-derived protein and microRNA levels are well-correlated between the two methods. Moreover, we demonstrate that ExoTIC is a modular platform that can sort a heterogeneous population of cancer cell line EVs based on size. Further, we utilize ExoTIC to isolate EVs from cancer patient clinical samples, including plasma, urine, and lavage, demonstrating the device's broad applicability to cancers and other diseases. Finally, the ability of ExoTIC to efficiently isolate EVs from small sample volumes opens up avenues for preclinical studies in small animal tumor models and for point-of-care EV-based clinical testing from fingerprick quantities (10-100 μL) of blood.
Sialic acid and N-acyl sialic acid analog production by fermentation of metabolically and genetically engineered Escherichia coli (2007)

Sialic acid is the terminal sugar found on most glycoproteins and is crucial in determining serum half-life and immunogenicity of glycoproteins. Sialic acid analogs are antiviral therapeutics as well as crucial tools in bacterial pathogenesis research, immunobiology and development of cancer diagnostic imaging. The scarce supply of sialic acid hinders production of these materials. We have developed an efficient, rapid and cost effective fermentation route to access sialic acid. Our approach uses low cost feedstock, produces an industrially relevant amount of sialic acid and is scalable to manufacturing levels. We have also shown that precursor directed biosynthesis can be used to produce a N-acyl sialic acid analog. This work demonstrates the feasibility of engineering manufacturing-friendly bacteria to produce complex, unavailable small molecules.
Dual polarized patch antenna with high inter-port isolation for 1GHz in-band full Duplex applications (2016)

This paper presents the design and implementation of dual port, orthogonal polarized single microstrip patch antenna with high interport isolation to realize 1GHz In-band Full Duplex (IBFD) wireless communication using single antenna. The implemented antenna provides 66dB isolation between transmit and receive ports at centre frequency. The interport isolation is better than 40dB for 22MHz antenna 10 dB input impedance bandwidth.
All-optical timing jitter measurements on 40 Gbit/s pseudorandom RZ data after long-haul transmission in dispersion-managed soliton system (2002)

A novel all-optical cross-correlation method is applied to measure the timing jitter of a 40 Gbit/s data stream propagating in a dispersion-managed soliton recirculating loop based on Raman amplifiers for distances up to 7000 km. The results are in reasonable agreement with the electronic timing jitter analysis of the demultiplexed 10 Gbit/s signal.
A Novel Method of Cavity Resonator Coupling to Microstrip Lines (1991)

Cavity resonators have high Q-values, their manufacturing costs are low and they have small dimensions at mm-wave frequencies. A critical point for their application is the coupling to a microstrip circuit. An aperture in the back-plane of a microstrip line, in combination with a small patch provides a simple, easy to handle coupling method.
Novel polyether antibiotics X-14873A, G and H produced by a Streptomyces : Taxonomy of the producing culture, fermentation, biological and ionophorous properties of the antibiotics. (1986)

Novel polyether antibiotics X-14873A, X-14873G, and X-14873H are produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces sp. X-14873 (ATCC 31679). This report presents taxonomic studies and fermentation conditions for the antibiotic producing culture. The antibiotics are mainly active against Gram-positive bacteria. The ionophore properties of X-14873A are also characterized.
THz Emitter Based On InAs-GaSb Coupled Quantum Wells: New Prospects For THz Photonics (2005)

Abstract