gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Subthreshold Slope and Low-frequency Noise Characteristics in Charge Trap Flash Memories with Gate-All-Around and Planar Structure (2012)

The causes of showing different subthreshold slopes (SS) in programmed and erased states for two different charge trap flash (CTF) memory devices, SONOS type flash memory with gate-all-around (GAA) structure and TANOS type NAND flash memory with planar structure were investigated. To analyze the difference in SSs, TCAD simulation and low-frequency noise (LFN) measurement were fulfilled. The device simulation was performed to compare SSs considering the gate electric field effect to the channel and to check the localized trapped charge distribution effect in nitride layer while the comparison of noise power spectrum was carried out to inspect the generation of interface traps (NIT). When each cell in the measured two memory devices is erased, the normalized LFN power is increased by one order of magnitude, which is attributed to the generation of NIT originated by the movement of hydrogen species (h<SUP>*</SUP>) from the interface. As a result, the SS is degraded for the GAA SONOS memory device when erased where the N<SUB>IT</SUB> generation is a prominent factor. However, the TANOS memory cell is relatively immune to the SS degradation effect induced by the generated N<SUB>IT</SUB>.
Preliminary assessment of the characteristics of Late Miocene - Quaternary intrusive and extrusive magmatism in the Tu Chinh - Vung May basin, southeastern continental shelf of Vietnam (2020)

Based on the seismic and well dataset provided by the Vietnam Petroleum Institute (VPI), the authors have mapped and described the characteristics of the distribution and morphology of magmatic bodies as well as relatively dated them in the Tu Chinh - Vung May basin and adjacent areas. To distinguish magmatic bodies from other amplitude anomalies such as gas zone or carbonate build-up/layers, multiple criteria were used such as cross-cutting relationship, associated deformation of surrounding strata, morphology and geological relationship between different magmatic bodies. Intrusive bodies are usually sheet-like or saucer-shaped sills that cross-cut strata and even deform overlying strata, while extrusive bodies are usually cone-shaped vents/volcanoes or extensive lava sheets that conform to strata. The magmatic bodies often distribute in clusters around one or more magmatic conduits. Middle Miocene and older syn-rift faults controlled the pathway of the conduits. Magmatic bodies are more abundant closer to the East Sea spreading margin. Late Miocene - Quaternary magmatism is widespread in the study area in particular, and in the East Sea and adjacent areas in general. These activities took place after rifting and oceanic crust formation had ended, which is characteristic of magma-poor margins.
Anomalous Leakage Current of MOSFET's under BT Stress (1980)

It is observed that the leakage current caused by BT stress decreases under further BT stress for both the n- and p-channel Si-gate MOSFET's without channel stoppers. This anomalous effect is explained by a new surface conduction model with a different boundary condition resulting from a thin SiO2 film on the gate electrode. For +BT stress of n-channel devices, for instance, a positive charge spreads at the PSG-SiO2 interface by ionic conduction, but negative ions accumulate on the SiO2 film on the gate electrode. The electrostatic potential in the vicinity of the gate electrode is not constant but decreases with BT stress, in contradiction to the conventional surface conduction model.
GENp2-2: The Simplicity Project and its Demonstrator: Improving Ease of Use and Personalization of ICT Services (2006)

As technology develops, people are using an ever broader and heterogeneous range of ICT devices and network-based services. The result is an enormous burden of complexity on the shoulders of users, service providers and network operators. The goal of the Simplicity project, supported by the European Union, is to reduce this complexity by: (i) providing automatic customization of user access to services and the network; (ii) automatically adapting services to terminal characteristics and user preferences; (iii) orchestrating network capabilities. The Simplicity approach is based on a personalization device, the so-called Simplicity device, which, together with a brokerage framework, offers transparent service configuration and runtime adaptation, according to user preferences and computing/networking context conditions. This paper presents the Simplicity project, briefly discusses its architecture and introduces the Simplicity demonstrator: a proof of concept implementation used to verify our approach, through diverse usage scenarios. In addition, we introduce the main aspects of a follow-up project of Simplicity, named SMS.
Clinical and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of new anti‐redness cosmetic products in subjects with winter xerosis and sensitive skin (2019)

The new products significantly improved skin redness associated with winter xerosis in participants with self-perceived sensitive skin. Both products were well tolerated with a suitable safety profile for topical use in subjects with sensitive skin.
Controlling the Trajectory of a Flexible Ultrathin Endoscope for Fully Automated Bladder Surveillance (2013)

During cystoscopy, the urologist manually steers a cyst scope inside a patient's bladder to visually inspect the inner surface. Cystoscopies are performed as part of surveillance for bladder cancer, making it the most expensive cancer to treat over a patient's lifetime. An automated bladder scanning system has been devised to reduce workload and cost by relieving the urologist from performing surveillance. Presented here is a proof-of-concept apparatus that controls the motion of a miniature flexible endoscope. Image-based feedback is used to adjust the endoscope's movement so that captured images overlap with one another, ensuring that the entire inner surface of the bladder is imaged. Within a bladder phantom, the apparatus adaptively created and followed a spherical scan pattern comprised of 13 individual latitudes and 508 captured images, while accepting between 60% and 90% image overlap between adjacent images. The elapsed time and number of captured images were sensitive to the apparatus's placement within the phantom and the acceptable image overlap percentage range. A mosaic of captured images was generated to validate comprehensive surveillance. Overall, a robotically controlled endoscope used in conjunction with image-based feedback may permit fully automated and comprehensive bladder surveillance to be conducted without direct clinician oversight.
Enhancement Characteristics of Papillary Renal Neoplasms Revealed on Triphasic Helical CT of the Kidneys (2002)

Papillary renal cell carcinomas are typically hypovascular and homogeneous. A high tumor-to-parenchyma enhancement ratio (> or = 25%) essentially excludes the possibility of a tumor being papillary renal cell carcinoma. A low tumor-to-aorta enhancement ratio or tumor-to-normal renal parenchyma enhancement ratio is more likely to indicate papillary renal cell carcinoma.
El psicoanálisis entre la laicidade, la secularización y las creencias (2003)

Este artículo trata de cuatro aspectos relacionados con la secularización, la laicidad, el psicoanálisis y las creencias. Aspectos que, sin duda, están entreverados y que son los siguientes: 1) los supuestos centrales que sirvieron para pensar científicamente a la sociedad y que implicaron un inevitable enfrentamiento con el universo religioso; 2) ciertos aspectos relacionados con la secularización y la laicidad; 3) un tipo de individuo propuesto por elpsicoanálisis, y 4) el psicoanálisis ante las creencias y como factor de secularización.
A Linear Predictive Coding Algorithm Minimizing the Golomb-Rice Code Length of the Residual Signal (2008)

線形予測分析に基づく時系列信号の可逆圧縮符号化 方式は,時系列信号を線形予測分析し,その結果求ま る線形予測係数あるいは PARCOR 係数と予測誤差 (残差)を符号化して伝送し,受信側で無歪に復号化 できる仕組みとなっている.線形予測分析により生成 される残差信号の振幅は通常 0付近に集中するという 性質を利用し,出現頻度の高い値ほど短い符号を割り 当てる Golomb-Rice符号 [1]をはじめとするエントロ ピー符号化を残差の符号化に用いることで全体の符号 量を小さく抑えようとする点がこの方式の特徴である. Golomb-Rice符号の場合,残差振幅に割り当てられる 符号量は,振幅の絶対値とほぼ比例関係にあるため, 残差符号量は残差振幅の絶対値和である程度よく近似 される.したがって,残差振幅の絶対値和が小さいほ ど符号量はより小さくできる可能性がある.しかしな がら,従来の線形予測分析による可逆圧縮符号化方式 では,残差振幅の二乗和を最小化するように予測係数 を求めるため,残差符号量を直接的に最小化する規準
You have to open it to eat it: does food packaging used in hospitals impede intake in a well older population? (2015)

Abstract of a presentation at the ICCAS 2015 - The International Conference on Culinary Arts and Sciences: Opportunities and Challenges for Food and Eating in Society, Montclair State University, New Jersey, USA, 3-5 June.
Nested cooperative encoding protocol for wireless networks with high energy efficiency (2008)

Recently, distributed space-time code designs with high cooperative diversity for wireless communication networks, such as ad hoc and sensor networks, have received much attention. Amplify forward and decoding forward are widely used protocols for the cooperative diversity in the wireless communication networks. In both protocols, the information received by relay terminals are "forwarded" to destination or next relay terminals. Since the signals transmitted by relay terminals and those transmitted from the source terminal are correlated, there is information redundancy. To improve the energy efficiency of cooperative networks, we propose an encoding protocol, which is referred to as a nested cooperative encoding protocol. In our proposed protocol, the received signal at each relay terminal is divided into several sub-signals with the nest lattice structure of source information. Each of the sub-signals contains only a partial information with a smaller size of constellation compared to the original information sent by the source terminal. Do a new encoding or modulation by using these sub-signals before transmitting at relay terminals. It is shown that the proposed new protocols can achieve both high cooperative diversity and high energy efficiency.
Synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-<i>c</i>]pyridines – sequential versus multicomponent reaction approach (2014)

A straightforward synthesis of 6-substituted 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines and the corresponding 5-oxides is presented. Hence, microwave-assisted treatment of 5-chloro-1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole-4-carbaldehyde with various terminal alkynes in the presence of tert-butylamine under Sonogashira-type cross-coupling conditions affords the former title compounds in a one-pot multicomponent procedure. Oximes derived from (intermediate) 5-alkynyl-1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes were transformed into the corresponding 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 5-oxides by silver triflate-catalyzed cyclization. Detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations ((1)H, (13)C, (15)N and (19)F) were undertaken with all obtained products.
Oral treatment with etoposide in small cell lung cancer – dilemmas and solutions (2013)

Abstract Background. Etoposide is a chemotherapeutic agent, widely used for the treatment of various malignancies, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Oral etoposide administration exhibits advantages for the quality of life of the patient as well as economic benefits. However, widespread use of oral etoposide is limited by incomplete and variable bioavailability. Variability in bioavailability was observed both within and between patients. This suggests that some patients may experience suboptimal tumor cytotoxicity, whereas other patients may be at risk for excess toxicity. Conclusions. The article highlights dilemmas as well as solutions regarding oral treatment with etoposide by presenting and analyzing relevant literature data. Numerous studies have shown that bioavailability of etoposide is influenced by genetic, physiological and environmental factors. Several strategies were explored to improve bioavailability and to reduce pharmacokinetic variability of oral etoposide, including desired and undesired drug interactions ( e.g. with ketoconazole), development of suitable drug delivery systems, use of more water-soluble prodrug of etoposide, and influence on gastric emptying. In addition to genotype-based dose administration, etoposide is suitable for pharmacokinetically guided dosing, which enables dose adjustments in individual patient. Further, it is established that oral and intravenous schedules of etoposide in SCLC patients do not result in significant differences in treatment outcome, while results of toxicity are inconclusive. To conclude, the main message of the article is that better prediction of the pharmacokinetics of oral etoposide may encourage its wider use in routine clinical practice.
Conditional intercellular cohesion in a <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> mutant which is temperature sensitive for correct processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides (1991)

Mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum have been isolated by a selection for cells with temperature-sensitive defects in the maturation of glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides. Here we describe a mutant, HT7, which is unable to aggregate at the restrictive temperature, but which aggregates and makes fruiting bodies at the permissive temperature. HT7 shows normal early developmental intercellular cohesion, but is temperature sensitive for expression of the ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-resistant cohesion characteristic of aggregation. The mutant initiates aggregation, but forms only loose cell mounds which later disperse. Metabolic labelling studies indicate that the thermolabile defect is not in protein synthesis, assembly of the lipid-linked precursor of N-linked oligosaccharides or transfer of the precursor to proteins. However, the defect does prevent assembly of fully processed N-linked oligosaccharides. Further, two glycopeptides, obtained from exhaustive Pronase digests of wild-type plasma membrane glycoproteins, inhibit intercellular cohesion of aggregation-stage wild-type cells. HT7 produces only approximately 50% of the wild-type level of these glycopeptides at the restrictive temperature and one of the glycopeptides has reduced cohesion inhibition ability. A revertant of HT7 was found to aggregate normally, to have restored EDTA-resistant cohesion, to have normal profiles of N-linked oligosaccharides and to express the two cohesion-inhibiting glycopeptides normally. These data strongly support a model in which cohesion during late aggregation is at least in part due to recognition between surface glycans and receptors on neighbouring cells.
Dipeptide‐Based Low‐Molecular‐Weight Efficient Organogelators and Their Application in Water Purification (2008)

The development of new low-molecular-weight gelators for organic solvents is motivated by several potential applications of gels as advanced functional materials. In the present study, we developed simple dipeptide-based organogelators with a minimum gelation concentration (MGC) of 6-0.15 %, w/v in aromatic solvents. The organogelators were synthesized using different L-amino acids with nonpolar aliphatic/aromatic residues and by varying alkyl-chain length (C-12 to C-16). The self-aggregation behavior of these thermoreversible organogels was investigated through several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. A balanced participation of the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions is crucial for efficient organogelation, which can be largely modulated by the structural modification at the hydrogen-bonding unit as well as by varying the alkyl-chain length in both sides of the hydrophilic residue. Interestingly, these organogelators could selectively gelate aromatic solvents from their mixtures with water. Furthermore, the xerogels prepared from the organogels showed a striking property of adsorbing dyes such as crystal violet, rhodamine 6G from water. This dye-adsorption ability of gelators can be utilized in water purification by removing toxic dyes from wastewater.
Financial Constraints and the Internationalisation of Irish Firms (2014)

This paper examines whether financial constraints have hindered the expansion of Irish firms internationally since the financial crisis. Recent years have witnessed an increasing number of multinational corporations relocating their headquarters to Ireland, without creating real economic activity, but holding significant foreign investments. As a result, these redomiciled PLCs have inflated Irish aggregate outward direct investment statistics since 2008. Using firm-level data, which provide for the elimination of redomiciled PLCs from the data sample, financial constraints are found to hinder the expansion of Irish firms into foreign markets. This effect is significantly felt by larger firms. Relatively larger Irish firms with greater internal cash flow, and which are highly indebted, are associated with a greater probability of becoming international through establishing foreign affiliates. Moreover, the empirical evidence suggests there is heterogeneity in the influence of financial constraints on firm internationalisation across economic sectors.
Intelligent Sensing for Automated Spectrum Assignment (2019)

As the number of wireless devices explodes in the lead up to the release of 5G communications technology, it is expected that the demands for usage of the wireless spectrum will increase to the point where current spectrum allocation methods will no longer be sufficient. Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) uses cognitive radio methods to sense the current state of spectrum usage by other devices, and then makes use of that data to allocate spectrum in time and space to best meet users communication requirements in near real time. Our previous work on a Spectrum Environment Awareness (SEA) sensor system suggests that static tasking of the large number of sensors required for 5G would consume large amounts of storage and communications resources. Intelligent and collaborative tasking of sensors would reduce both these overheads as well as the burden on data analysis. In this paper, we describe an intelligent distributed collaborative sensing system with centralized control for use in DSM-based automated spectrum assignment. We use simulation results to estimate the amount of sensor reading duplication in such a system. These results provide direction on how intelligent sensing systems can optimize the tasking of sensors in this domain.
5G NR over Satellite Links: Evaluation of Synchronization and Random Access Processes (2019)

Integration of 5G new radio (NR) access interface with satellite technology is an ongoing task in the standardization bodies. Since 5G NR was originally designed as a terrestrial system, its direct suitability to satellite communications has yet to be carefully evaluated. In that regard, the initial synchronization and random access processes are among the topics of particular interest. This paper overviews these key processes by first identifying problematic points and then proposing feasible solutions. It is shown that initial synchronization and related data demodulation of the 5G NR synchronization block is possible using dedicated large frequency shift aware receivers. In addition, it is shown that timing advance value, which is a part of the random access process, has to be extended to cover satellite delays. A few ways to do this are discussed in the paper, as well as ways to reduce capacity loss due to required large guard interval of the 5G NR random access signal.
Identification and Functional Outcome of mRNAs Associated with RNA-Binding Protein TIA-1 (2005)

The RNA-binding protein TIA-1 (T-cell intracellular antigen 1) functions as a posttranscriptional regulator of gene expression and aggregates to form stress granules following cellular damage. TIA-1 was previously shown to bind mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), but TIA-1 target mRNAs have not been systematically identified. Here, immunoprecipitation (IP) of TIA-1-RNA complexes, followed by microarray-based identification and computational analysis of bound transcripts, was used to elucidate a common motif present among TIA-1 target mRNAs. The predicted TIA-1 motif was a U-rich, 30- to 37-nucleotide (nt)-long bipartite element forming loops of variable size and a bent stem. The TIA-1 motif was found in the TNF-alpha and COX-2 mRNAs and in 3,019 additional UniGene transcripts (approximately 3% of the UniGene database), localizing preferentially to the 3' untranslated region. The interactions between TIA-1 and target transcripts were validated by IP of endogenous mRNAs, followed by reverse transcription and PCR-mediated detection, and by pulldown of biotinylated RNAs, followed by Western blotting. Further studies using RNA interference revealed that TIA-1 repressed the translation of bound mRNAs. In summary, we report a signature motif present in mRNAs that associate with TIA-1 and provide support to the notion that TIA-1 represses the translation of target transcripts.
A New Route to Organic Nanotubes from Porphyrin Dendrimers (2003)

By chemically cleaving out the core of a dendritic metalloporphyrin coordination polymer, organic nanotubes can be created (see schematic representation). This is made possible by intramolecularly cross-linking the periphery of the oligomer with a ring-closing metathesis reaction prior to coring.
Cavity Cooling of a Levitated Nanosphere by Coherent Scattering (2019)

We report three-dimensional (3D) cooling of a levitated nanoparticle inside an optical cavity. The cooling mechanism is provided by cavity-enhanced coherent scattering off an optical tweezer. The observed 3D dynamics and cooling rates are as theoretically expected from the presence of both linear and quadratic terms in the interaction between the particle motion and the cavity field. By achieving nanometer-level control over the particle location we optimize the position-dependent coupling and demonstrate axial cooling by two orders of magnitude at background pressures of 6×10^{-2} mbar. We also estimate a significant (>40 dB) suppression of laser phase noise heating, which is a specific feature of the coherent scattering scheme. The observed performance implies that quantum ground state cavity cooling of levitated nanoparticles can be achieved for background pressures below 1×10^{-7} mbar.
A flexible Divide-and-Conquer protocol for multi-view peer-to-peer live streaming (2009)

Multi-view peer-to-peer (P2P) live streaming systems have recently emerged, where a user can simultaneously watch multiple channels. Previous work on multi-view P2P streaming solves the fundamental inter-channel bandwidth competition problem at the individual peer level, and thus can be used with very limited types of streaming protocols. In this paper, we propose a new protocol for multi-view P2P streaming, called divide-and-conquer (DAC), which efficiently solves the inter-channel bandwidth competition problem using a divide-and conquer strategy at the channel level, and thus is flexible to work with various streaming protocols. This makes DAC more suitable for upgrading current single-view P2P live streaming systems to multi-view P2P live streaming systems. Our extensive packetlevel simulations show that DAC is efficient in allocating the overall system bandwidth among competing channels, is flexible in working with various streaming protocols, and is scalable in supporting a large number of users and channels.