gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Castor Oil-Based Biodegradable Polyesters (2015)

This Review compiles the synthesis, physical properties, and biomedical applications for the polyesters based on castor oil and ricinoleic acid. Castor oil has been known for its medicinal value since ancient times. It contains ∼90% ricinoleic acid, which enables direct chemical transformation into polyesters without interference of other fatty acids. The presence of ricinoleic acid (hydroxyl containing fatty acid) enables synthesis of various polyester/anhydrides. In addition, castor oil contains a cis-double bond that can be hydrogenated, oxidized, halogenated, and polymerized. Castor oil is obtained pure in large quantities from natural sources; it is safe and biocompatible.
Volume Management (2003)

Smart variable geometry socket (SVGS) technology provides a method of dynamic volume management for lower limb amputees. Because amputees experience residuum volume changes during the day and over time, the fit of their sockets may vary. Currently, socks are often added or removed to maintain a stable and comfortable fit. SVGS technology automatically and continuously accommodates for residuum volume changes to maintain the fit of the socket. The system functions by adding and removing liquid from the intrasocket environment, regulated dynamically by intrasocket pressure. SVGS rationale, theory of operation, alternative approaches, and clinical relevance are described.
Vendor-Interoperable Elastic Optical Interfaces: Standards, Experiments, and Challenges [Invited] (2015)

This paper aims to review the status of standardization activities on the black link (BL) and corresponding alien wavelength concepts. It discusses experimental work on filterless optical networks conducted within a dedicated Deutsche Telekom project. The general prospects and existing challenges concerning elastic extensions of the BL are also assessed. Furthermore, we present relevant work on control and management plane interoperability comprising generalized multi-protocol label switching and transport software defined networking aspects. In the second part of the article, we report on the latest dual-vendor experiments on data plane interoperability in terms of digital signal processing technology for next generation 1.28 Tb/s PM-16QAM super-channels. Finally, we present a network reachability analysis based on the widely used Gaussian noise model in the context of data plane interoperability. This analysis estimates the network-wide impact of the single-vendor versus the dual-vendor approach.
Children's Play (2009)

This study examines trends of children's play in Korea, and academic, pragmatic, and policy issues related to it. For the purpose, the researchers reviewed play theories, national and international views of play specialists, and research articles on children's play in selected academic journals published in Korea for the last 30 years. Although Korea has been active academically as well as politically in recognizing the importance of children's play, children's play in Korea seems to have lost its position, the true value of it being often distorted or unidentified. Many specialists worn that the deprivation of play opportunities increasing in modern societies will result in many serious problems. Play research therefore need to strengthen its power by being more accountable and broadening its foci toward solving such predictable problems.
Dual Lewis Acid/Photoredox-Catalyzed Addition of Ketyl Radicals to Vinylogous Carbonates in the Synthesis of 2,6-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones (2018)

A combined Lewis acid/photoredox catalyst system enabled the intramolecular umpolung addition of ketyl radicals to vinylogous carbonates in the synthesis of 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones. This reaction proceeded on a variety of aromatic ketones to provide THF rings in good yield (up to 95%). Although diastereoselectivity was found to be modest (1.4-5:1) for the C-C bond forming reaction, the minor diastereomers were converted to 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones by an efficient Lewis acid-mediated epimerization cascade in up to 90% yield.
An interleaved array-processing architecture (1984)

This paper describes an array-processing architecture capable of executing high-level vector operations. There are two distinguishing features of this architecture: First, the user can define for later use complex vector operations that involve several arithmetic operations and branching. Once defined, they appear as built-in vector instructions to the user. Second, the algorithms for accessing and aligning vectors are implemented in hardware, eliminating the need for user programs to deal with memory addresses.
Lightweight recoverable virtual memory (1993)

Recoverable virtual memory refers to regions of a virtual address space on which transactional guarantees are offered. This paper describes RVM, an efficient, portable, and easily used implementation of recoverable virtual memory for Unix environments. A unique characteristic of RVM is that it allows independent control over the transactional properties of atomicity, permanence, and serializability. This leads to considerable flexibility in the use of RVM, potentially enlarging the range of applications than can benefit from transactions. It also simplifies the layering of functionality such as nesting and distribution. The paper shows that RVM performs well over its intended range of usage even though it does not benefit from specialized operating system support. It also demonstrates the importance of intra- and intertransaction optimizations.
A Novel Superhydrophilic and Underwater Superoleophobic Hydrogel‐Coated Mesh for Oil/Water Separation (2011)

A novel superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel-coated mesh is successfully fabricated in an oil/water/solid three-phase system. Compared to traditional oleophilic materials, the as-prepared hydrogel-coated meshes can selectively separate water from oil/water mixtures with the advantages of high efficiency, resistance to oil fouling, and easy recyclability.
Muralytic activity and modular structure of the endolysins of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacteriophages φKZ and EL (2007)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage endolysins KZ144 (phage phiKZ) and EL188 (phage EL) are highly lytic peptidoglycan hydrolases (210 000 and 390 000 units mg(-1)), active on a broad range of outer membrane-permeabilized Gram-negative species. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates E115 (KZ144) and E155 (EL188) as their respective essential catalytic residues. Remarkably, both endolysins have a modular structure consisting of an N-terminal substrate-binding domain and a predicted C-terminal catalytic module, a property previously only demonstrated in endolysins originating from phages infecting Gram-positives and only in an inverse arrangement. Both binding domains contain conserved repeat sequences, consistent with those of some peptidoglycan hydrolases of Gram-positive bacteria. Fusions of these domains with green fluorescent protein immediately label all outer membrane-permeabilized Gram-negative bacteria tested, isolated P. aeruginosa peptidoglycan and N-acetylated Bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan, demonstrating the broad range of peptidoglycan-binding capacity by these domains. Specifically, A1 chemotype peptidoglycan and fully N-acetylated glucosamine units are essential for binding. Both KZ144 and EL188 appear to be a natural chimeric enzyme, originating from a recombination of a cell wall-binding domain encoded by a Bacillus or Clostridium species and a catalytic domain of an unknown ancestor.
Self-organized tantalum oxide nanopyramidal arrays for antireflective structure (2007)

A self-organized tantalum oxide nanopyramidal structure without tedious semiconductor processing is proposed in this letter. Construction of pyramid arrays with a close-packed periodicity of 200nm and a height of 200nm was achieved by the anodic alumina template method directly on the substrate. The tantalum oxide nanopyramidal structure was formed as the underlying tantalum film oxidized and localized precisely by the pore of alumina. The reflectance from the spectroscopic measurement suggests that the nanopyramidal array structures have more broadband antireflection (&lt;2%) than the nanodot arrays and thin film structures.
A Circularly Polarized Multimode Patch Antenna for the Generation of Multiple Orbital Angular Momentum Modes (2016)

Vortex waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have received much attention due to their potential in communications and other aspects. In this letter, a multimode concentric circularly polarized patch antenna is designed to generate multiple OAM states. The proposed antenna is analyzed theoretically. Then, the simulated and measured electric fields are presented and verify that the proposed antenna is capable of generating multiple OAM states.
Logic design on FPGA of ATM SAR function in broadband access network (2002)

The logic design on FPGAs of the ATM SAR function in broadband access networks is studied. AAL which adapts services to the ATM cell is the adaptation layer between the ATM layer and the high layer. FR and Ethernet data services should adapt the ATM cell with AAL5. Segmentation, reassembly process and traffic control issues are also discussed.
A 0.5-V, 0.05-to-3.2GHz LC-Based Clock Generator for Substituting Ring Oscillators under Low-Voltage Condition (2012)

This paper investigates a clock frequency generator for ultra-low-voltage sub-picosecond-jitter clock generation in future 0.5-V LSI and power aware LSI. To address the potential possible solution for ultra-low-voltage applications, a 0.5V clock frequency generator is proposed and implemented. Significant performances, in terms of sub 1-ps jitter, 50MHz-to-6.4GHz frequency tuning range with 2 bands and sub 1-mW PDC, demonstrated the viable replacement of ring oscillators in low-voltage and low-jitter clock generator.
Mechanical Assembly of Electrospray Thruster Grid (2005)

This paper presents the design and experimental validation of a method to mechanically assemble the grid of a micro-fabricated electrospray thruster array. In this method, the grid is assembled by hand by rotating it until cantilever springs engage in small notches. This method is particularly interesting as it decouples the fabrication of the grid and the rest of the thruster, permitting many dieren t grid materials to be tried in the future, without making any changes to the process for the rest of the device. The rst experiments show that a positional accuracy of 20 micrometers is possible, which is satisfactory for our application. Fabrication problems that may account for the observed misalignment are outlined.
Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Ni (2010)

Ni plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) using bis(dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-butoxo)nickel [Ni(dmamb) 2 ] as a precursor and NH 3 or H 2 plasma as a reactant was comparatively investigated. PE-ALD Ni using NH 3 plasma showed higher growth rate, lower resistivity, and lower C content than that using H 2 plasma. PE-ALD Ni films were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The results showed that the reaction chemistry of ALD using NH 3 plasma was clearly different with that using H 2 , probably due to the effects of NH x radicals.
A Spatiotemporal Volumetric Interpolation Network for 4D Dynamic Medical Image (2020)

Dynamic medical imaging is usually limited in application due to the large radiation doses and longer image scanning and reconstruction times. Existing methods attempt to reduce the dynamic sequence by interpolating the volumes between the acquired image volumes. However, these methods are limited to either 2D images and/or are unable to support large variations in the motion between the image volume sequences. In this paper, we present a spatiotemporal volumetric interpolation network (SVIN) designed for 4D dynamic medical images. SVIN introduces dual networks: first is the spatiotemporal motion network that leverages the 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) for unsupervised parametric volumetric registration to derive spatiotemporal motion field from two-image volumes; the second is the sequential volumetric interpolation network, which uses the derived motion field to interpolate image volumes, together with a new regression-based module to characterize the periodic motion cycles in functional organ structures. We also introduce an adaptive multi-scale architecture to capture the volumetric large anatomy motions. Experimental results demonstrated that our SVIN outperformed state-of-the-art temporal medical interpolation methods and natural video interpolation methods that have been extended to support volumetric images. Our ablation study further exemplified that our motion network was able to better represent the large functional motion compared with the state-of-the-art unsupervised medical registration methods.
The Q-matrix Method: Mining Student Response Data for Knowledge (2005)

Although many talented researchers have created excellent tools for computer-assisted instruction and intelligent tutoring systems, creating high-quality, effective, scalable but individualized tools for learning at a low cost is still an open research challenge. Many learning tools create complex models of student behavior that require extensive time on the part of subject experts, as well as cognitive science researchers, to create effective help and feedback strategies. In this research, we propose a different approach, called the q-matrix method, where data from student behavior is “mined ” to create concept models of the material being taught. These models are then used to both understand student behavior and direct learning paths for future students. We describe the q-matrix method and present preliminary results that imply that the method can effectively predict which concepts need further review.
Role of interleukin-1  in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (2004)

IL-1beta accelerates apoptosis of retinal capillary cells via activation of NF-kappaB, and the process is exacerbated in high glucose conditions. These studies suggest a possible role of IL-1beta in the development of retinopathy in diabetes, and offer a possible rationale to test IL-1beta receptor antagonists to inhibit the development of diabetic retinopathy.
DARYN-a distributed decision-making algorithm for railway networks: modeling and simulation (1995)

The state of the art in scheduling "point-to-point" trains in a railway network utilizes the principles of centralized decision-making. The major difficulty of this approach is that the execution time and the memory requirements increase nonlinearly as the system grows in size. The present paper introduces a new approach, "DARYN", wherein the overall decision process is analyzed and distributed onto every natural entity of the system. In DARYN, the decision process for every train is executed by an on-board processor that negotiates, dynamically and progressively, for temporary ownership of the tracks with the respective station controlling the tracks, through explicit processor to processor communication primitives. This processor then computes its own route utilizing the results of its negotiation, its knowledge of the track layout of the entire system, and its evaluation of the cost function. Every station's decision process is also executed by a dedicated processor that, in addition, maintains absolute control over a given set of tracks and participates in the negotiation with the trains. Presently, DARYN utilizes a simple cost function. However, if one chooses to increase the complexity of the cost function, DARYN's advantage over the traditional approach increases due to its enormous available computational power. Given that the current microprocessors such as MC68030, MC88000, Intel 486, and Intel 860 are powerful yet relatively inexpensive, a network of concurrently executing processors may offer superior price-performance quotient over a single high performance computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Fast Mode Decision Algorithm and Its VLSI Design for H.264/AVC Intra-Prediction (2007)

In this paper, we present a fast mode decision algorithm and design its VLSI architecture for H.264 intra-prediction. A regular spatial domain filtering technique is proposed to compute the dominant edge strength (DES) to reduce the possible predictive modes. Experimental results revealed that the proposed fast intra-algorithm reduces 40% computation with slight peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) degradation. The designed DES VLSI engine comprises a zigzag converter, a DES finite-state machine (FSM), and a DES core. The former two units handle memory allocation and control flow while the last performs pseudoblock computation, edge filtering, and dominant edge strength extraction. With semicustom design fabricated by 0.18 mum CMOS single-poly-six-metal technology, the realized die size is roughly 0.15 times 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and can be operated at 66 MHz.
The rheumatoid arthritis HLA–DRB1 shared epitope (2010)

Although the mechanistic basis of shared epitope-RA association remains an enigma, observations made during the last year shed new light on the conditions in which the shared epitope - alone or in combination with other genes or environmental factors - affects the risk of RA and the phenotype of the disease.
Resveratrol differentially modulates inflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes (2010)

These results suggest that murine microglia and astrocytes produce proinflammatory cytokines and NO in response to LPS in a similar pattern with some differences in signaling molecules involved, and further suggest that resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory effects in microglia and astrocytes by inhibiting different proinflammatory cytokines and key signaling molecules.
Detection Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Emplacement Using Infrared Image (2014)

This paper presents a method to detect an improvised explosive device (IED) by using infrared thermography (IRT) technology. The detection of IED will be done automatically and accurately even the IED detection expert is not present. Combining the advantage of IRT and image processing technique, the proposed method is very efficient and responsive to detect the existence of hidden IED. The captured images are filtered and segmented to extract the heat pattern before the decision is made. Based on the experimental result, the proposed system produced about 92 % of detection accuracy.
Evaluation of Cost Structures of Additive Manufacturing Processes Using a New Business Model (2015)

The individualization and customization of products is one the most important trends for industrial companies. New technologies like additive manufacturing (e. g. 3D-printing) are enablers for the further development of this trend. Companies offering production systems for those technologies are more and more required to embed Industrial Product Service Systems (IPSS) to assert theirselves on the market. The aim of this research is to develop a business model which evaluates process costs of additive manufacturing technologies. The relevant technologies are Stereolithography, Selective Laser Melting, Fused Deposition Modeling, Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting and Laser Cladding. Product costs can be calculated easily and the outcome of the evaluation will serve as a valuable decision base for industrial decision makers on how to invest in a special technology. By embedding this service in the production system/ machines software, a big step for a new industrial service is provided. The paper is structured in four steps. Firstly, based on a detailed description of the state of the art research, an analysis of the most important process steps in additive manufacturing is presented. A new business model for additive manufacturing technologies is introduced afterwards including the implementation of this business model in a software tool. Furthermore case studies for different product types and product quantities are explained and detailed values for process costs are provided. In the last step, a sensitivity analysis is done to find the most important parameters (cost drivers) for those case studies. The business model and the evaluation of cost structures for additive manufacturing technologies is unique in the field of IPSS. Using a cost and investment calculation, the companies can significantly increase the effort and quality of price calculations for their products. Furthermore cost drivers are evaluated and recommendations for technology related investments are given.
Expression of the SART‐1 tumor rejection antigen in breast cancer (1999)

We investigated in breast cancers the expression of the SART-1 gene encoding tumor rejection antigens. SART-1 mRNA was expressed in all of the samples tested. The SART-1800 antigen was detectable in 20 of 50 (40%) breast cancer tissues and all breast cancer cell lines tested, but not in normal breast tissues. The SART-1800+ breast cancer cells transfected with HLA-A2601 or HLA-A2402 cDNA were recognized by the HLA-A26-restricted and SART-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or the HLA-A24-restricted and SART-1-specific CTLs, respectively. Among the 20 SART-1800+ tumors, 9 or 8 tumors expressed estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor, respectively. Therefore, the patients with HLA-A26 or -A24 haplotype might be appropriate candidates for specific immunotherapy with the SART-1 peptides independently or in combination with hormone therapy. Int. J. Cancer 80:64–67, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Estrogen Activation of the Nuclear Orphan Receptor CAR (Constitutive Active Receptor) in Induction of the Mouse<i>Cyp2b10</i>Gene (2000)

The nuclear orphan receptor CAR (constitutively active receptor or constitutive androstane receptor) can be activated in response to xenochemical exposure, such as activation by phenobarbital of a response element called NR1 found in the CYP2B gene. Here various steroids were screened for potential endogenous chemicals that may activate CAR, using the NR1 enhancer and Cyp2b10 induction in transfected HepG2 cell and/or in mouse primary hepatocytes as the experimental criteria. 17beta-Estradiol and estrone activated NR1, whereas estriol, estetrol, estradiol sulfate, and the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol did not. On the other hand, progesterone and androgens repressed NR1 activity in HepG2 cells, and the repressed NR1 activity was fully restored by estradiol. Moreover, estrogen treatment elicited nuclear accumulation of CAR in the mouse livers, as well as primary hepatocytes, and induced the endogenous Cyp2b10 gene. Ovariectomy did not affect either the basal or induced level of CAR in the nucleus of the female livers, while castration slightly increased the basal and greatly increased the induced levels in the liver nucleus of male mice. Thus, endogenous estrogen appears not to regulate CAR in female mice, whereas endogenous androgen may be the repressive factor in male mice. Estrogen at pharmacological levels is an effective activator of CAR in both female and male mice, suggesting a biological and/or toxicological role of this receptor in estrogen metabolism. In addition to mouse CAR, estrogens activated rat CAR, whereas human CAR did not respond well to the estrogens under the experimental conditions.