gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-polar GaN-based MIS-HEMTs for mixed signal applications (2010)

GaN-based transistors are attractive for the next-generation RF power and mixed signal electronics due to their high breakdown field and high carrier saturation velocity. III-N high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on the N-face of GaN are well-suited to address the problems of poor electron confinement and high ohmic contact resistance in the highly scaled transistors. At 4 GHz, N-polar metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS)-HEMTs with a gate length of 0.7 μm exhibited a highest output power density (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> ) of 8.1 W/mm and a highest power-added efficiency (PAE) of 71%, while a P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> of 4.2 W/mm and a PAE of 49% were achieved at 10 GHz. A high speed N-polar MIS-HEMT fabricated with a gate-first self-aligned InGaN-based ohmic contact regrowth technology was characterized, demonstrating an ultra-low contact resistance of 23 Ω-μm and a state-of-the-art f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ·L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> product of 16.8 GHz-μm with a gate length of 130 nm.
The Role of an IL-10/Hyaluronan Axis in Dermal Wound Healing (2020)

Scar formation is the typical endpoint of postnatal dermal wound healing, which affects more than 100 million individuals annually. Not only do scars cause a functional burden by reducing the biomechanical strength of skin at the site of injury, but they also significantly increase healthcare costs and impose psychosocial challenges. Though the mechanisms that dictate how dermal wounds heal are still not completely understood, they are regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, neovascularization, and inflammatory responses. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has emerged as a key mediator of the pro- to anti-inflammatory transition that counters collagen deposition in scarring. In parallel, the high molecular weight (HMW) glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is present in the ECM and acts in concert with IL-10 to block pro-inflammatory signals and attenuate fibrotic responses. Notably, high concentrations of both IL-10 and HMW HA are produced in early gestational fetal skin, which heals scarlessly. Since fibroblasts are responsible for collagen deposition, it is critical to determine how the concerted actions of IL-10 and HA drive their function to potentially control fibrogenesis. Beyond their independent actions, an auto-regulatory IL-10/HA axis may exist to modulate the magnitude of CD4<sup>+</sup> effector T lymphocyte activation and enhance T regulatory cell function in order to reduce scarring. This review underscores the pathophysiological impact of the IL-10/HA axis as a multifaceted molecular mechanism to direct primary cell responders and regulators toward either regenerative dermal tissue repair or scarring.
Designs of Plasmonic Metamasks for Photopatterning Molecular Orientations in Liquid Crystals (2016)

Aligning liquid crystal (LC) molecules into spatially non-uniform orientation patterns is central to the functionalities of many emerging LC devices. Recently, we developed a new projection photopatterning technique by using plasmonic metamasks (PMMs), and demonstrated high-resolution and high-throughput patterning of molecular orientations into arbitrary patterns. Here we present comparisons between two different types of metamask designs: one based on curvilinear nanoslits in metal films; the other based on rectangular nanoapertures in metal films. By using numerical simulations and experimental studies, we show that the PMMs based on curvilinear nanoslits exhibit advantages in their broadband and high optical transmission, while face challenges in mask designing for arbitrary molecular orientations. In contrast, the PMMs based on nanoapertures, though limited in optical transmission, present the great advantage of allowing for patterning arbitrary molecular orientation fields.
Ethanol production in an immobilized‐cell reactor (1980)

Abstract Biomass can be converted to sugars by hydrolysis with enzymes or mineral acids. These sugars can be converted into a number of chemical intermediates in biological reactors. Biological reactions are generally slow and selection of the most efficient reactor is important in these applications. Immobilized‐cell reactors allow high cell densities and high throughput by attaching the microorganisms to a fixed support. This paper examines the rate of production of ethanol from glucose by Saccharomyces cerevisia in a packed column. These rates are compared with those for the same reaction in a stirred reactor.
Early Pulse Oximetry Data Improves Prediction of Death and Adverse Outcomes in a Two-Center Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants (2018)

Analysis of early HR-SpO<sub>2</sub> characteristics adds to clinical risk factors to predict later adverse outcomes in VLBW infants.
Mechanism of the Improvement of Shape Memory Effects in NbC Containing Fe-Mn-Si-Based Shape Memory Alloys (2007)

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the NbC carbides precipitating in Fe-Mn-Si-based shape memory alloys in the orientational relationship of [100]f||[100]NbC, (001)f||(001)NbC are partially coherent with the matrix showing the misfit dislocations on every five (002)f layers. It was also found that the pre-warm rolling prior to the aging refines the NbC carbides into sizes as small as about 5 nm and produces a homogeneous distribution. It was statistically clarified that the deformation microstructures of the Fe-Mn-Si-based alloys containing finely dispersed NbC carbides exhibit nano-sized monopartial stacking martensite plates, similar to those of the conventional Fe-Mn-Si-based alloys subjected to the training treatment. These microstructural features are considered to improve the shape memory properties of the alloys.
A Novel Predictive and Self -- Adaptive Dynamic Thread Pool Management (2011)

Multithreading is an efficient technique commonly used to maximize the performance of CPU. One of the most important challenges in multithreading is thread pool management. It needs to retain a proper number of threads in the pool, which minimizes the response time and maximizes the resource utilization. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a novel trendy exponential moving average (TEMA) scheme for predicting the number of threads. Also, a prediction-based thread pool management scheme is proposed which adjusts the idle timeout period and thread pool size to effectively adapt the system to the changing environment. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of response time and CPU usage, compared with the existing prediction-based scheme and Sun watermark.
Successful Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells into Immunocompetent Recipients Using Only Anti-CD117 Antibody and CD47 Blockade As Conditioning (2014)

Abstract Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an efficacious therapy for many otherwise incurable hematologic malignancies and disorders that affect production of hematopoietic cells, including life-threatening anemias, and immunodeficiency syndromes. In a successful transplantation, clearance of bone-marrow niches must be achieved for donor hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) to engraft. Current methods to clear niche space rely on radiation and/or chemotherapy, which can impart toxic adverse effects that greatly limit the potential clinical utility of BMT. Thus, there is a major clinical need for safer conditioning regimens. To this end, a monoclonal antibody against CD117 (ACK2) has been shown to transiently deplete HSCs in immunocompromised mice and enable donor cell engraftment. However, this regimen has proved ineffective in immunocompetent animals. We hypothesized that HSC-depletion by this antibody may occur, in part, through Fc-mediated effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). We thus sought to enhance the ADCP activity of anti-CD117 antibodies by blocking the inhibitory CD47-SIRPα “don’t eat me” pathway. Consistent with previous reports, we found treatment of wild-type mice (C57BL/6) with ACK2 alone resulted in only modest and transient depletion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Strikingly, the addition of the CD47-antagonist CV1 (Weiskopf & Ring, 2013) in combination with ACK2 resulted in rapid and prolonged depletion of bone marrow HSPCs as well as clearance of the bone marrow niche. This depletion was accompanied by profound reductions in hematocrit and blood leukocyte counts not observed in mice treated with ACK2 alone. In support of the role of Fc receptors in the treatment regimen, depletion of HSCs was not observed in mice lacking functional Fc receptors, nor in animals treated with high-doses F(ab) fragments of ACK2. Finally, high levels of granulocyte chimerism (~70%) were achieved post-BMT in mice receiving the combination of ACK2 and CV1 as compared to no chimerism in animals treated with ACK2 alone (p-value <0.0001). Our results show that targeted biologic agents have the potential to replace the toxic preconditioning therapies that are currently clinically utilized. This can lead to safer preparative regimens, which will allow BMT to treat a broader patient population and larger spectrum of hematologic disorders. Disclosures Ring: Stanford University: PCT/US2013/021937 Patents & Royalties. Weiskopf:Stanford University: PCT/US2013/021937 Patents & Royalties. Weissman:Stanford University: PCT/US2013/021937 Patents & Royalties.
Chatter Stability Mapping for Simultaneous Machining (2005)

A novel analytical tool is presented to assess the stability of simultaneous machining (SM) dynamics, also known as parallel machining (PM). In SM, multiple cutting tools, which are driven by multiple spindles at different speeds, operate on the same work-piece. Its superior machining efficiency is the main reason for using SM compared with the traditional single tool machining (STM). When SM is optimized in the sense of maximizing the rate of metal removal constrained with the machined surface quality, typical “chatter instability” phenomenon appears. Chatter instability for single tool machining (STM) is broadly studied in the literature. When formulated for SM, however, the problem becomes notoriously more complex. There is practically no literature on the SM chatter, except a few ad-hoc and inconclusive reports. This study presents a unique treatment, which declares the complete stability picture of SM chatter within the mathematical framework of multiple time-delay systems (MTDS). We utilize our recent methodology, called the Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots (CTCR), which is developed for this general class of dynamics. As an end result CTCR offers the regions of stability completely in the domain of the spindle speeds. This new methodology opens the research to some interesting directions. They, in essence, aim towards duplicating the “stability lobes” concept of STM for SM, which is clearly a nontrivial task.
Development and pre-clinical evaluation of a synthetic oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (2019)

Significant improvement has been made in the development of vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis infections since the introduction of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. Conventional bacterial capsular polysaccharide (PS) based conjugate vaccines require unique and expensive manufacturing facilities, complex production processes and extensive quality testing. Synthetic oligosaccharide (OS) based approach is one of the novel technologies that is being developed to simplify production of conjugate vaccines. OSs can be chemically synthesized to a desired length long enough to represent the antigenic epitopes which often present as a homogenous mixture. We prepared OSs corresponding to tetramer and octamer of N. meningitidis serogroup C (MenC) PS by organic synthesis. The MenC tetramer and octamer were further conjugated with tetanus toxoid to produce respective monovalent conjugates having the desired physico-chemical characteristics. The conjugates were evaluated in a mouse model for immunogenicity and compared with a licensed PS conjugate vaccine. Synthetic conjugates could induce anti-MenC PS IgG as well as serum bactericidal titers at levels comparable to those elicited by the licensed vaccine. The increase in length of synthetic oligomers from tetramer to octamer did not appear to increase immunogenicity. The results establish the pre-clinical proof of concept for a synthetic MenC oligosaccharide conjugate vaccine candidate.
Demonstration of multi-core photonic crystal fibre in an optical interconnect (2006)

A novel microstructured fibre has been created for use in an optical interconnection system. The fibre has low crosstalk with a high density of cores corresponding to 1150 channels/mm2. A repeating pseudorandom binary sequence has been used to demonstrate a four-channel transmit/receive system using vertical cavity surface emitting lasers as both emitters and detectors.
A Hybrid Absorption Cycle for Water Heating, Dehumidification, and Evaporative Cooling (2015)

In this study, development of a novel system for combined water heating, dehumidification, and space cooling is discussed. The system absorbs water vapor from an air stream into an absorbent. The latent heat of absorption, released into the absorbent, is transferred into the process water that cools the absorbent. The solution is regenerated in the desorber, where it is heated by a heating fluid. The water vapor generated in the desorber is condensed and its heat of phase change is also transferred to the process water. The condensed water is then used in an evaporative cooling process to cool the dehumidified air exiting the absorber. Essentially, this open-absorption cycle collects space sensible heat and transfers it to hot water. Another novel feature of the cycle is recovery of the heat energy from the solution exiting the desorber by heat exchange with process water rather than with the solution exiting the absorber. This approach has enabled heating the process water from an inlet temperature of 15°C to 57°C (conforming to the required DOE building hot water standard) and compact fabrication of the absorber, solution heat exchanger, and desorber in plate and frame configuration. The system under development currently has a water heating capacity of 1.5 kW and a thermal coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.45.
Differential diagnosis of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2001)

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a protease which is characteristic of the prostate. It is widely used as a serum marker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, for concentrations between 4 and 10 ng/mL, PSA does not enable PCa to be distinguished from benign diseases, such as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). In sera, the use of a ratio between free PSA (PSA uncomplexed with protease inhibitor) and total PSA (free PSA and PSA bound to alpha-1 anti-chymotrypsin) enables the "gray zone" to be reduced, but an important proportion of patients are still wrongly classed. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we demonstrated using 52 PCa and 40 BPH well-documented clinical cases that BPH sera show a significantly greater percentage of low-molecular-weight free PSA elements (IwPSA) than PCa sera. In our study, the use of a ratio between IwPSA and standard free PSA enables the correct diagnosis of 100% of PCa and 82.5% of BPH cases as against when 73.1% and 42.5% respectively were correctly diagnozed using the total PSA and the free/total PSA ratio. This important finding may be related to differences in the mechanism secreting PSA from the prostate into the bloodstream. We have shown how a tissue marker may be turned into a powerful tumor marker by events probably unrelated to its expression.
A New Wireless Communication Paradigm through Software-Controlled Metasurfaces (2018)

Electromagnetic waves undergo multiple uncontrollable alterations as they propagate within a wireless environment. Free space path loss, signal absorption, as well as reflections, refractions, and diffractions caused by physical objects within the environment highly affect the performance of wireless communications. Currently, such effects are intractable to account for and are treated as probabilistic factors. This article proposes a radically different approach, enabling deterministic, programmable control over the behavior of wireless environments. The key enabler is the so-called HyperSurface tile, a novel class of planar meta-materials that can interact with impinging electromagnetic waves in a controlled manner. The HyperSurface tiles can effectively re-engineer electromagnetic waves, including steering toward any desired direction, full absorption, polarization manipulation, and more. Multiple tiles are employed to coat objects such as walls, furniture, and overall, any objects in indoor and outdoor environments. An external software service calculates and deploys the optimal interaction types per tile to best fit the needs of communicating devices. Evaluation via simulations highlights the potential of the new concept.
Quantum dots for cancer biomarker panels (2005)

779 Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This largely reflects the fact that approximately 75% of cases are detected at advanced stages of disease, when cure is unlikely. It is accepted that detecting a greater number of patients with early stage disease by improving screening modalities could significantly improve overall survival. A novel approach to increase the sensitivity and specificity of early detection of cancer is through the application of nanotechnology, where luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are conjugated with biomolecules. We developed a prototype of a potential serologic assay with greater sensitivity than current methods permit, using the most widely accepted biomarker for ovarian cancer - CA125. The assay based on immunometric methodology with the use of available quantum dots bioconjugates. The overall schema is: Streptavidin Well -Biotinylated Ab (capture) + Ag(CA 125) + Ab (detector Mab -QD 655 anti-mouse F(ab’)2 conjugate — Read luminescence signal (PL). We used a quantum dot (of wavelength 655 nm) conjugated to goat-F(ab’)2 anti-mouse IgG from Quantum Dots Corporation (Hayward, CA). This fragment was used to label anti-human mouse monoclonal OC 125 antibody to detect CA 125 antigen in plasma samples from patients with cancer. The PL signal from the antigen-antibody complex was measured utilizing high-resolution PL spectroscopy, with confirmation of detected relative level of CA 125 in plasma by reference ELISA. The PL model in our study was developed to identify a spectral signature of QD- bioconjugates. PL spectroscopy was performed in a broad spectral region spanning from 360nm to 1,700nm. We observed that conjugated QDs 655 are reliably detected at substantially reduced concentration, which is critical for defining sensitivity limits of the luminescence metrology. We compared PL from QDs 655 labeled Ab complex and Fab fragments conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647 dye, used previously with Zenon antibody labeling technique. It was noticed that there is a 30% reduction of the luminescent peak half-width and absence of the long-wavelength tail in a case of QD compared to dye. These features are very beneficial to the design of a spectrally resolved spectroscopic assay for cancer detection. Our results show strong concordance of QD 655 assay with reference CA 125 measurement. Titration experiments allowed for optimizing sensitivity of the PL method and developing calibration curves. We explore the specificity of the AB-QDs by comparing ovarian versus other samples (lung cancer) in biomarkers detection. We expect that new assays, based on PL detection of QD- bioconjugates representative of cancer specific biomarker panel, will lead to significant improvements over current strategies for the early detection of cancer.
Power Scalable Radio Receiver Design Based on Signal and Interference Condition (2012)

A low power adaptive digital baseband architecture is presented for a low-IF receiver of IEEE 802.15.4-2006. The digital section’s sampling frequency and bit width are used as knobs to reduce the power under favorable signal and interference scenarios, thus recovering the design margins introduced to handle the worst case conditions. We show that in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology, for an adaptive digital baseband section of the receiver, power saving can be up to 85% (0.49mW against 3.3mW) in favorable interference and signal conditions. The proposed concepts in the design are tested using a receiver test setup where the design is hosted on a FPGA.
Comprehending the allergen repertoire of shrimp for precision molecular diagnosis of shrimp allergy (2022)

Pen m 14 was identified as a novel shrimp allergen predictive of challenge outcome. Molecular diagnosis better predicts shrimp allergy than conventional tests, but the relevant component is population dependent.
In vivo evaluation and proof of radiofrequency safety of a novel diagnostic MR‐electrophysiology catheter (2010)

An MR-electrophysiology (EP) catheter is presented that provides full diagnostic EP functionality and a high level of radiofrequency safety achieved by custom-designed transmission lines. Highly resistive wires transmit intracardiac electrograms and currents for intracardiac pacing. A transformer cable transmits the localization signal of a tip coil. Specific absorption rate simulations and temperature measurements at 1.5 T demonstrate that a wire resistance > 3 kΩ/m limits dielectric heating to a physiologically irrelevant level. Additional wires do not increase tip specific absorption rate significantly, which is important because some clinical catheters require up to 20 electrodes. It is further demonstrated that radiofrequency-induced and pacing-induced resistive heating of the wires is negligible under clinical conditions. The MR-EP catheters provided uncompromised recording of electrograms and cardiac pacing in combination with a standard EP recorder in MR-guided in vivo EP studies, and the tip coil enabled fast and robust catheter localization. In vivo temperature measurements during such a study did not detect any device-related heating, which confirms the high level of safety of the catheter, whereas unacceptable heating was found with a standard EP catheter. The presented concept for the first time enables catheters with full diagnostic EP functionality and active tracking and at the same time a sufficient level of radiofrequency safety for MRI without specific absorption rate-related limitations.