gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Junction Quality of SnO<sub>2</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Investigated by Nanometer-Scale Electrical Potential Profiling (2017)

Electron-selective layers (ESLs) and hole-selective layers (HSLs) are critical in high-efficiency organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite (PS) solar cells for charge-carrier transport, separation, and collection. We developed a procedure to assess the quality of the ESL/PS junction by measuring potential distribution on the cross section of SnO<sub>2</sub>-based PS solar cells using Kelvin probe force microscopy. Using the potential profiling, we compared three types of cells made of different ESLs but otherwise having an identical device structure: (1) cells with PS deposited directly on bare fluorine-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> (FTO)-coated glass; (2) cells with an intrinsic SnO<sub>2</sub> thin layer on the top of FTO as an effective ESL; and (3) cells with the SnO<sub>2</sub> ESL and adding a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of fullerene. The results reveal two major potential drops or electric fields at the ESL/PS and PS/HSL interfaces. The electric-field ratio between the ESL/PS and PS/HSL interfaces increased in devices as follows: FTO < SnO<sub>2</sub>-ESL < SnO<sub>2</sub> + SAM; this sequence explains the improvements of the fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>). The improvement of the FF from the FTO to SnO<sub>2</sub>-ESL cells may result from the reduction in voltage loss at the PS/HSL back interface and the improvement of V<sub>oc</sub> from the prevention of hole recombination at the ESL/PS front interface. The further improvements with adding an SAM is caused by the defect passivation at the ESL/PS interface, and hence, improvement of the junction quality. These nanoelectrical findings suggest possibilities for improving the device performance by further optimizing the SnO<sub>2</sub>-based ESL material quality and the ESL/PS interface.
Affinity-based management of main memory database clusters (2002)

We study management strategies for main memory database clusters that are interposed between Internet applications and back-end databases as content caches. The task of management is to allocate data across individual cache databases and to route queries to the appropriate databases for execution. The goal is to maximize effective cache capacity and to minimize synchronization cost. We propose an affinity-based management system for main memory database cLUsters ( ALBUM ). ALBUM executes each query in two stages in order to take advantage of the query affinity that is observed in a wide range of applications. We evaluate the data/query distribution strategy in ALBUM with a set of trace-based simulations. The results show that ALBUM reduces cache miss ratio by a factor of 1.7 to 9 over alternative strategies. We have implemented a prototype of ALBUM, and compare its performance to that of an existing infrastructure: a fully replicated database with large buffer cache. The results show that ALBUM outperforms the existing infrastructure with the same number of server machines by a factor of 2 to 7, and that ALBUM with only 1/3 to 1/2 of the server machines achieves the same throughput as the existing infrastructure.
Fourier spatial frequency analysis for image classification: training the training set (2016)

The Directional Fourier Spatial Frequencies (DFSF) of a 2D image can identify similarity in spatial patterns within groups of related images. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) can then be used to classify images if the inter-image variance of the FSF in the training set is bounded. However, if variation in FSF increases with training set size, accuracy may decrease as the size of the training set increases. This calls for a method to identify a set of training images from among the originals that can form a vector basis for the entire class. Applying the Cauchy product method we extract the DFSF spectrum from radiographs of osteoporotic bone, and use it as a matched filter set to eliminate noise and image specific frequencies, and demonstrate that selection of a subset of superclassifiers from within a set of training images improves SVM accuracy. Central to this challenge is that the size of the search space can become computationally prohibitive for all but the smallest training sets. We are investigating methods to reduce the search space to identify an optimal subset of basis training images.
Vectors for Genetic Engineering of Corynebacteria (2003)

Corynebacterium glutamicum and related species are microorganisms of biotechnological significance. These bacteria have a long history of use for the production of fine chemicals such as amino acids and organic acids. Moreover, they have recently been contemplated for the production of xenogeneic proteins, such as proteins from Mycobacteria of medical importance, given the relatively close phylogenetic relationship that exists between these two genera. In this paper, we review various molecular tools available to manipulate Corynebacteria, provide DNA sequence information on several useful vectors, and report on novel shuttle vectors for the genetic engineering of these organisms. Particularly, this series of novel plasmids enables the use of chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamycin, or spectinomycin resistance for positive selection in Corynebacteria. These vectors complement the various molecular biology tools available to engineer these important bioconverters and thus pave the way to their increased industrial applications. Moreover, we present evidences corroborating the view that the B. stationis plasmid pBY503 belongs to a novel family of rolling-circle plasmids comprising pNG2 isolated from C. diphtheriae.
High-level synthesis in a rapid-prototype environment for mechatronic systems (1992)

The application of high-level synthesis techniques onto a rapid-prototyping board is presented. The board is part of a design methodology that supports the development of embedded information processing units in mechatronic systems during early design phases. The spectrum of realizations ranges from single task software implementations on a single board computer to an ASIC emulation in a heterogeneous multiprocessor environment. Emphasis is on the automatic synthesis of hardware modules to be realized as ASICs. A synthesis environment is presented which automatically maps modules to be implemented as ASICs onto a rapid-prototyping board. >
[Piracetam in the treatment of soft tissue rheumatism]. (1989)

Forty patients aged between 40 and 60 years, diagnosed as suffering from soft-tissue rheumatism were admitted to a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. During the first week they received either 3 g piracetam/day i.v. followed by 3 x 800 mg/day p.o. for the next 8 weeks, or a placebo i.v. and then p.o. After 0, 1, 5 and 9 weeks, pain on starting to walk, on movement and at rest, diurnal and nocturnal, as also improvement or deterioration resulting from movement, warmth or cold, as well as any changes, were recorded on a pain assessment scale and a state-of-wellbeing scale. With respect to all the parameters, piracetam proved significantly superior to the placebo. The laboratory parameters were not affected. The sole side effect was observed in a patient in the placebo group. Both physician and patient assessed the therapeutic results as better in the piracetam group. 92.5% of the treated patients had a history of abnormal perceptional reactions. It is a well known fact that mental factors play a considerable role in non-articular rheumatism.
Pancreas Duodenum Homeobox-1 Transcriptional Activation Requires Interactions with p300 (2004)

The homeodomain transcription factor, pancreas duodenum homeobox (PDX)-1, is essential for pancreas development, insulin production, and glucose homeostasis. Mutations in pdx-1(ipf-1) are associated both with maturity-onset diabetes of the young and type 2 diabetes. PDX-1 interacts with multiple transcription factors and coregulators, including the coactivator p300, to activate the transcription of the insulin gene and other target genes within pancreatic beta-cells. In characterizing the protein-protein interactions of PDX-1 and p300, we identified mutations in PDX-1 that disrupt its function and are associated with increased or decreased interactions with p300. Several mutant PDX-1 proteins that are associated with heritable forms of diabetes in humans, in particular the mutant P63fsdelC, exhibited increased binding to a carboxy-terminal segment of p300 in the setting of decreased DNA-binding activities, suggesting that sequestration of p300 by mutant PDX-1 proteins may be an additional mechanism by which insulin gene expression is reduced in heterozygous carriers of pdx-1(ipf-1) mutations. The introduction of the point mutations S66A/Y68A in the highly conserved amino-terminal PDX-1 transactivation domain reduced the ability of PDX-1 to interact with p300, substantially diminished the transcriptional activation of PDX-1, and reduced the synergistic activation of glucose-responsive insulin promoter enhancer sequences by PDX-1, E12, and E47. We propose that interactions of PDX-1 with p300 are required for the transcriptional activation of PDX-1 target genes. Impairment of interactions between PDX-1 and p300 in pancreatic beta-cells may limit insulin production and lead to the development of diabetes.
Precipitation: basic principles and industrial applications (1993)

Physical and chemical characteristics of precipitation systems kinetics of nucleation and crystal growth kinetics of precipitating experimental precipitation studies precipitator design practical aspects of precipitation.
Seismic performance of buried electrical cables: evidence-based repair rates and fragility functions (2016)

The fragility of buried electrical cables is often neglected in earthquakes but significant damage to cables was observed during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand. This study estimates Poisson repair rates, similar to those in existence for pipelines, using damage data retrieved from part of the electric power distribution network in the city of Christchurch. The functions have been developed separately for four seismic hazard zones: no liquefaction, all liquefaction effects, liquefactioninduced settlement only, and liquefaction-induced lateral spread. In each zone six different intensity measures (IMs) are tested, including peak ground velocity as a measure of ground shaking and five metrics of permanent ground deformation: vertical differential, horizontal, maximum, vector mean and geometric mean. The analysis confirms that the vulnerability of buried cables is influenced more by liquefaction than by ground shaking, and that lateral spread causes more damage than settlement alone. In areas where lateral spreading is observed, the geometric mean permanent ground deformation is identified as the best performing IM across all zones when considering both variance explained and uncertainty. In areas where only settlement is observed, there is only a moderate correlation between repair rate and vertical differential permanent ground deformation but the estimated model error is relatively small and so the model may be acceptable. In general, repair rates in the zone where no liquefaction occurred are very low and it is possible that repairs present in this area result from misclassification of hazard observations, either in the raw data or due & I.
Development of AE Monitoring Method for Corrosion Damage of the Bottom Plate in Oil Storage Tank on the Neutral Sand under Loading (2006)

In Europe and USA, in-service diagnosis technique by AE method has already been used for evaluating the corrosion damage of bottom plate of oil storage tank. However, the diagnosis technique is dependent on the empirical method without physical bases such as the mechanism of AE generation due to the corrosion of bottom plates of oil storage tank. And also the relation between the corrosion rate and AE activity has not been clarified yet. This study was designed to clarify AE source and the relation between corrosion rate and AE activity during corrosion of bottom plate in oil storage tank, in particular, on the neutral sand bed. For modeling the corrosion condition which is similar to that of an in-service tank bottom on the neutral sand, the static stress of 382 MPa had been applied on the specimen plates. We investigated experimentally the relation between the corrosion rate and AE activity during the corrosion. Furthermore, the AE source and mechanism were examined based on the SEM observation of corroded surface. From these experimental results, the validity and physical basis for quantitative evaluation of corrosion rate by means of AE was presented.
Soft computing techniques in intelligent wall following control for a car-like mobile robot (2009)

In this paper, we present an intelligent wall following system that allows an autonomous car-like mobile robot to perform wall following tasks. Soft computing techniques were used to overcome the need of complex mathematical models that are traditionally used to solve autonomous vehicle related problems. A neuro-fuzzy controller is implemented for this purpose, which is designed for steering angle control, and is implemented with the use of two side sensors that estimate (1) the distance between the vehicle front side and the wall, and (2) the distance between the vehicle back side and the wall. These distances get then inputted to our steering angle controller, which as a result outputs the appropriate weal steering angle. The work in this paper is intended to show a detailed description of the neuro fuzzy controller that overcomes the performance of the previously implemented fuzzy logic based controller, and significantly reduces the trajectory tracking error, but at the expense of using more DSP resources causing a slower throughput time. This autonomous system was realized on an FPGA platform, which has the advantage of making the system response time much faster than software-based systems.
Analysis of parent of origin specific DNA methylation at SNRPN and PW71 in tissues: implication for prenatal diagnosis. (1996)

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are distinct developmental disorders caused by absence of paternal or maternal contributions of the chromosome region 15q11-q13, resulting from deletions, uniparental disomy (UPD), or rare imprinting mutations. Molecular cytogenetic diagnosis is currently performed using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), DNA polymorphism analysis, and DNA methylation analysis. Only methylation analysis will detect all three categories of PWS abnormalities, but its reliability in tissues other than peripheral blood has not been examined extensively. Therefore, we examined the methylation status at the CpG island of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein associated polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene and at the PW71 locus using normal and abnormal lymphoblast (LB) cell lines (n = 48), amniotic fluid (AF) cell cultures (n = 25), cultured chorionic villus samples (CVS, n = 17), and fetal tissues (n = 18) by Southern blot analysis with methylation sensitive enzymes. Of these samples, 20 LB cell lines, three AF cultures, one CVS, and 15 fetal tissues had been previously diagnosed as having deletions or UPD by other molecular methods. Methylation status at SNRPN showed consistent results when compared with FISH or DNA polymorphism analysis using all cell types tested. However, the methylation pattern for PW71 was inconsistent when compared with other tests and should therefore not be used on tissues other than peripheral blood. We conclude that SNRPN, but not PW71, methylation analysis may be useful for diagnosis of PWS/AS on LB cell lines, cultured amniotic fluid, or chorionic villus samples and will allow, for the first time, prenatal diagnosis for families known to carry imprinting centre defects.
Micro-Policies: Formally Verified, Tag-Based Security Monitors (2015)

Recent advances in hardware design have demonstrated mechanisms allowing a wide range of low-level security policies (or micro-policies) to be expressed using rules on metadata tags. We propose a methodology for defining and reasoning about such tag-based reference monitors in terms of a high-level "symbolic machine" and we use this methodology to define and formally verify micro-policies for dynamic sealing, compartmentalization, control-flow integrity, and memory safety, in addition, we show how to use the tagging mechanism to protect its own integrity. For each micro-policy, we prove by refinement that the symbolic machine instantiated with the policy's rules embodies a high-level specification characterizing a useful security property. Last, we show how the symbolic machine itself can be implemented in terms of a hardware rule cache and a software controller.
Packet-In Message Control for Reducing CPU Load and Control Traffic in OpenFlow Switches (2012)

We propose a method to control Packet-In messages in OpenFlow switches for reducing CPU and network utilization of switches and controllers. In OpenFlow network, controllers setup flow entries to switches in response to Packet-In messages from switches. When a host suddenly starts to send many packets of a flow without any negotiation in advance, like a video stream on UDP, the control traffic and CPU utilization of switches and controllers become high until the flow entries are inserted into switches, and this high utilization would make network control unstable. In this paper, we propose a method to filter out unimportant Packet-In messages to reduce CPU utilization and the control traffic in OpenFlow switches and controllers. We categorize Packet-In messages into three groups, State Change, Flow Setup and Forward. Controllers process these messages to change the internal state of controllers, to trigger inserting flow entries, and to forward packets to other switches, respectively. Forward type of messages are less important than State Change and Flow Setup messages in terms of network control, because State Change and Flow Setup messages change states of network such as flow entries but Forward messages do not. We propose a method to identify Forward messages in switches by recording the header of Flow Setup packets and by matching packets with recorded flows. We have implemented our method into Open vSwitch to limit the bandwidth of Forward type of messages, and our evaluation shows that our method can control Packet-In messages with little CPU utilization overhead in the switch.
Complaints of olfactory disorders: epidemiology, assessment and clinical implications (2008)

Procedures to diagnose olfactory disorders and to identify etiologies are available. Depending on etiology, certain types of treatment are often successful, such as endoscopic sinus surgery and corticosteroid administration in nasal/sinus disease. In post-upper respiratory infection and head trauma, spontaneous recovery is fairly high. In any case, it is advisable to counsel the patient with regards to strategies to cope with olfactory disorders.
The Development of Writing in the Child (1977)

The history of writing in the child begins long before a teacher first puts a pencil in the child's hand and shows him how to form letters.
Penetration-Enhancing Effect of Ethanolic Solution of Menthol on Transdermal Permeation of Ondansetron Hydrochloride Across Rat Epidermis (2008)

The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of an ethanol-water solvent system and ehtanolic solution of menthol on the permeation of ondansetron hydrochloride across the rat epidermis in order to select a suitable ethanol-water vehicle and optimal concentration of menthol for the development of a transdermal therapeutic system. The solubility of ondansetron hydrochloride in ethanol, water and selected concenetrtaion of ethanol-water vehicles (20:80 v/v, 40:60 v/v and 60:40 v/v) was determined. The effect of these solvent vehicles, containing 1.5% w/v of ondansetron hydrochloride, on the in vitro permeation of the drug was studied across the rat epidermis. The highest permeation was observed from 60% v/v of ethanol-water vehicle that showed highest solubilty. Hence, the hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) (2% w/w) gel formulations containing 1.5% w/w of ondansetron hydrochloride and selected concentrations of menthol (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10% w/w) were prepared using 60% v/v of ethanol-water vehicle, and subjected to in vitro permeation of the drug across rat epidermis. The transdermal permeation of ondansetron hydrochloride was enhanced markedly by the addition of menthol to HPC gel drug reservoir formulations. A maximum flux of ondansetron hydrochloride (77.85 +/- 2.85 mu g/cm(2.)h) was observed with a mean enhancement ratio of 13.06 when menthol was incorporated at a concentration of 8% w/w in HPC gels. However, there was no significant increase in the drug flux with 10% w/w menthol when compared to that obtained with 8% w/w of menthol in HPC gel formulations. The results suggest that 2% w/w HPC gel drug reservoir formulation, prepared with 60% v/v ethanol-water, containing 8% w/w of menthol provides an optimal transdermal permeation of ondansetron hydrochloride.
Whole-body and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography postpeptide receptor alpha radionuclide therapy images of actinium 225-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic Acid–Octreotide as a primary modality of treatment in a patient with advanced rectal neuroendocrine tumor with metastases (2020)

Somatostatin receptor-targeted alpha radionuclide therapies have been introduced including actinium-225 labeled tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid-octreotide (Ac-225 DOTATATE) for advanced metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Very limited data are available on the posttherapy imaging using Ac-225 DOTATATE therapy in metastatic NET. We present Ac-225 single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images of a 72-year-old patient diagnosed as a case of advanced rectal NET treated primarily with Ac-225 DOTATATE.
Microbial diversity in cold seep sediments from the northern South China Sea (2011)

South China Sea (SCS) is the largest Western Pacific marginal sea. However, microbial studies have never been performed in the cold seep sediments in the SCS. In 2004, “SONNE” 177 cruise found two cold seep areas with different water depth in the northern SCS. Haiyang 4 area, where the water depth is around 3000 m, has already been confirmed for active seeping on the seafloor, such as microbial mats, authigenic carbonate crusts and bivalves. We investigated microbial abundance and diversity in a 5.55-m sediment core collected from this cold seep area. An integrated approach was employed including geochemistry and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses. Here, we show that microbial abundance and diversity along with geochemistry profiles of the sediment core revealed a coupled reaction between sulphate reduction and methane oxidation. Acridine orange direct count results showed that microbial abundance ranges from 105 to 106 cells/g sediment (wet weight). The depth-related variation of the abundance showed the same trend as the methane concentration profile. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea. The diversity was much higher at the surface, but decreased sharply with depth in response to changes in the geochemical conditions of the sediments, such as methane, sulphate concentration and total organic carbon. Marine Benthic Group B, Chloroflexi and JS1 were predominant phylotypes of the archaeal and bacterial libraries, respectively.