gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coal Cleaning Using Resonance Disintegration for Mercury and Sulfur Reduction Prior to Combustion (2005)

Coal-cleaning processes have been utilized to increase the heating value of coal by extracting ash-forming minerals in the coal. These processes involve the crushing or grinding of raw coal followed by physical separation processes, taking advantage of the density difference between carbonaceous particles and mineral particles. In addition to the desired increase in the heating value of coal, a significant reduction of the sulfur content of the coal fed to a combustion unit is effected by the removal of pyrite and other sulfides found in the mineral matter. WRI is assisting PulseWave to develop an alternate, more efficient method of liberating and separating the undesirable mineral matter from the carbonaceous matter in coal. The approach is based on PulseWave's patented resonance disintegration technology that reduces that particle size of materials by application of destructive resonance, shock waves, and vortex generating forces. Illinois No.5 coal, a Wyodak coal, and a Pittsburgh No.8 coal were processed using the resonance disintegration apparatus then subjected to conventional density separations. Initial microscopic results indicate that up to 90% of the pyrite could be liberated from the coal in the machine, but limitations in the density separations reduced overall effectiveness of contaminant removal. Approximately 30-80% of the pyritic sulfur and 30-50% of the mercury was removed from the coal. The three coals (both with and without the pyritic phase separated out) were tested in WRI's 250,000 Btu/hr Combustion Test Facility, designed to replicate a coal-fired utility boiler. The flue gases were characterized for elemental, particle bound, and total mercury in addition to sulfur. The results indicated that pre-combustion cleaning could reduce a large fraction of the mercury emissions.
Dynamic Hardware Resource Management for Efficient Throughput Processing. (2015)

High performance computing is evolving at a rapid pace, with throughput oriented processors such as graphics processing units (GPUs), substituting for traditional processors as the computational workhorse. Their adoption has seen a tremendous increase as they provide high peak performance and energy efficiency while maintaining a friendly programming interface. Furthermore, many existing desktop, laptop, tablet, and smartphone systems support accelerating non-graphics, data parallel workloads on their GPUs. However, the multitude of systems that use GPUs as an accelerator run different genres of data parallel applications, which have significantly contrasting runtime characteristics. GPUs use thousands of identical threads to efficiently exploit the on-chip hardware resources. Therefore, if one thread uses a resource (compute, bandwidth, data cache) more heavily, there will be significant contention for that resource. This contention will eventually saturate the performance of the GPU due to contention for the bottleneck resource,leaving other resources underutilized at the same time. Traditional policies of managing the massive hardware resources work adequately, on well designed traditional scientific style applications. However, these static policies, which are oblivious to the application’s resource requirement, are not efficient for the large spectrum of data parallel workloads with varying resource requirements. Therefore, several standard hardware policies such as using maximum concurrency, fixed operational frequency and round-robin style scheduling are not efficient for modern GPU applications. This thesis defines dynamic hardware resource management mechanisms which improve the efficiency of the GPU by regulating the hardware resources at runtime. The first step in successfully achieving this goal is to make the hardware aware of the application’s characteristics at runtime through novel counters and indicators. After this detection, dynamic hardware modulation provides opportunities for increased performance, improved energy consumption, or both, leading to efficient execution. The key mechanisms for modulating the hardware at runtime are dynamic frequency regulation, managing the amount of concurrency, managing the order of execution among different threads and increasing cache utilization. The resultant increased efficiency will lead to improved energy consumption of the systems that utilize GPUs while maintaining or improving their performance.
Continuous Polyol Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR) (2015)

Over the last years a new type of tubular plug flow reactor, the segmented flow tubular reactor (SFTR), has proven its versatility and robustness through the water-based synthesis of precipitates as varied as CaCO3, BaTiO3, Mn(1-x)NixC2O4·2H2O, YBa oxalates, copper oxalate, ZnS, ZnO, iron oxides, and TiO2 produced with a high powder quality (phase composition, particle size, and shape) and high reproducibility. The SFTR has been developed to overcome the classical problems of powder production scale-up from batch processes, which are mainly linked with mass and heat transfer. Recently, the SFTR concept has been further developed and applied for the synthesis of metals, metal oxides, and salts in form of nano- or micro-particles in organic solvents. This has been done by increasing the working temperature and modifying the particle carrying solvent. In this paper we summarize the experimental results for four materials prepared according to the polyol synthesis route combined with the SFTR. CeO2, Ni, Ag, and Ca3(PO4)2 nanoparticles (NPs) can be obtained with a production rate of about 1-10 g per h. The production was carried out for several hours with constant product quality. These findings further corroborate the reliability and versatility of the SFTR for high throughput powder production.
Reconstruction of a two-dimensional reflecting medium over a circular domain: Exact solution (1980)

If a two-dimensional acoustic reflectivity function is defined within the interior of a circle, reflectivity data may be acquired by transmitting acoustic pulses from isotropic elements distributed around the circumference of the circle and recording the resulting backscattered sound as a function of time. If the reflectivity function fulfills the conditions of an ’’idealized’’ weakly reflecting medium, the resulting pulse–echo data may be regarded as the line integrals of this function defined over circular arcs centered at points lying on the circumference of the enclosing circle. In this paper we show that on the basis of these line integrals the unknown reflectivity in the interior of the circle can be expressed explicitly in terms of its line integrals defined over the set of paths consisting of all circular arcs whose centers lie on the circumference of the enclosing circle. We propose that the resulting reconstruction equations could provide the foundation for a new approach to reflectivity tomography. A numerical example is also given.
Nickel catalysed coupling of phenylhydrosilanes (1991)

P. Boudjouk, A. B. Rajkumar and W. L. Parker, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 245 DOI: 10.1039/C39910000245
Integrating monitoring into the infrastructure and workflow of routine practice: OptiVol. (2006)

New cardiac resynchronization devices that monitor intrathoracic impedance may be utilized to monitor intravascular fluid status in chronic heart failure patients. Incorporating these devices into a heart failure medical practice requires the integration of heart failure medical services and electrophysiology. These devices must be interrogated and the data analyzed if the diagnostic information is to be useful in the care of heart failure patients. Device generated time aligned trends should be interpreted in the context of clinical findings. Systems must be well designed to deal with the results of solicited and unsolicited data.
Advances in Computer Science and Engineering (2011)

The book Advances in Computer Science and Engineering constitutes the revised selection of 23 chapters written by scientists and researchers from all over the world. The chapters cover topics in the scientific fields of Applied Computing Techniques, Innovations in Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Applications and Advances in Applied Modeling.
A shear‐based assay for assessing plasma ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2011)

Our fluid shear-based assay may be useful for investigating basic biologic function and regulation of ADAMTS13 metalloprotease. It may also be applicable for assessing plasma ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors in TTP patients.
A weak-anisotropy approximation to multicomponent induction responses in cross-bedded formations (2006)

Abstract The multicomponent induction logging response to a cross-bedded formation has been modeled under a weak-anisotropy approximation. With the approximation, a cross-bedded formation can be modeled as a transversely isotropic (TI) medium. The validity of the approximation has been tested for the main (coplanar and coaxial) components of the induction response. The conditions for the weak-anisotropy approximation to be valid depend on the component of the response. For the coplanar components, the approximation is valid for an anisotropy ratio up to 2 if the relative dipping angle between the cross-bedded formation and the borehole axis is below 30°. For the coaxial component, the approximation reduces to a previously established result that the apparent resistivity for such a component is the geometric average of the resistivities, parallel and perpendicular to the bedding planes of an anisotropic formation, respectively, if the borehole is ignored. Hence, the approximation holds for the coaxial component regardless of the anisotropy ratio.
Fabrication of metal-coated organic microcrystals (2000)

For the improvement of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, we fabricated the metal-coated organic microcrystals by nonelectrolytic plating method. Silver and gold coating were examined to polydiacetylene (PDA) microcrystal as a core. In case of gold coating using tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4), there was no promising way to obtain Au-coated PDA microcrystals. On the other hands, silver coating using ammine complex of silver salt, [Ag(NH3)2]NO3, onto the fibrous PDA microcrystals was successfully performed by simple silver mirror reaction. Besides the plating on PDA microcrystals with 100 nm in size, the reduction of silver using glucose yielded fine silver-coated PDA microcrystals. This difference in coating between Ag and Au is related to the electrostatic interaction between metal­ion and ζ-potential of microcrystal surface. Copyright­© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Privacy-Preserving Patient Similarity Learning in a Federated Environment: Development and Analysis (2018)

The proposed algorithm can help search similar patients across institutions effectively to support federated data analysis in a privacy-preserving manner.
Learning to grasp everyday objects using reinforcement-learning with automatic value cut-off (2007)

Although grasping of everyday objects has been a research topic over the last decades, it still is a crucial task for service robots. Several methods have been proposed to generate suitable grasps for objects. Many of them are restricted to a certain type of grasp or limited to a fixed number of contacts. In this paper we propose an algorithm based on reinforcement learning, to enable a service robot to grasp every kind of object with as many contacts as needed. The proposed method will be evaluated using a simulation with a three-fingered robotic hand.
Impact of sharing-based thread placement on multithreaded architectures (2002)

Multithreaded architectures context switch between instruction streams to hide memory access latency. Although this improves processor utilization, it can increase cache interference and degrade overall performance. One technique to reduce the interconnect traffic is to co-locate threads that share data on the same processor. Multiple threads sharing in the cache should reduce compulsory and invalidation misses, thereby improving execution rime. To test this hypothesis, the authors compared a variety of thread placement algorithms via trace-driven simulation of fourteen coarse- and medium-grain parallel applications on several multithreaded architectures. The results contradict the hypothesis. Rather than decreasing, compulsory and invalidation misses remained neatly constant across all placement algorithms, for all processor configurations, even with an infinite cache. That is, sharing-based-placement had no (positive) effect on execution time. Instead load balancing was the critical factor that affected performance. The results were due to one or both of the following reasons: (1) the sequential and uniform access of shared data by the application's threads and (2) the insignificant number of data references that require interconnect access, relative to the total number of instructions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prevalence and risk analysis for depression after open-heart valve replacement surgery (2014)

1Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Dept of Anaesthesiology, Penafiel, Portugal, 2Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Dept of Anaesthesiology, Guimarães, Portugal, 3Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho EPE, Dept of Anaesthesiology, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
Remote all-optical nanosecond gain switching of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (1995)

Abstract All-optical gain switching of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier located up to 50 km away from the signal and control lasers is demonstrated. The amplifier is deactivated by optical control pulses within the amplifier bandwidth that strongly saturate the gain at the signal Wavelength. Fall times are approximately equal to the control pulse duration of 21 ns. From 25 km, a maximum extinction ratio of 16 dB is demonstrated with the signal at 1527 nm and the control pulse at 1554 nm. The dynamic range for remote switching is limited by a stimulated Raman scattering of the control pulses.
UNIX Network Programming: Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI (1997)

From the Publisher:
The only guide to UNIX network programming APIs you'll ever need! 

Whether you write Web servers, client/server applications, or any other network software, you need to understand networking APIS--especially sockets in greater detail than ever before. You need UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Second Edition. 

In this book, leading UNIX networking expert W. Richard Stevens offers unprecedented, start-to-finish guidance on making the most of sockets, the de facto standard for UNIX network programming--as well as extensive coverage of the X/Open Transport Interface (XTI). 

Stevens begins by introducing virtually every basic capability of TCP and UDP sockets, including socket functions and options, I/O multiplexing, and name and address conversions. He presents detailed coverage of the Posix.1g standard for sockets and the Posix threads. He also introduces advanced techniques for: 



Establishing IPv4/IPv6 interoperability. 

Implementing non-blocking I/O. 

Routing sockets. 

Broadcasting and multicasting. 

IP options. 

Multithreading. 

Advanced name and address conversions. 

UNIX domain protocols. 

Raw sockets. 



Learn how to choose among today's leading client/server design approaches, including TCP iterative, concurrent, preforked and prethreaded servers. Master the X/Open Transport Interface, including XTI TCP clients and servers, name and address functions, options, streams and additional functions. 

The Internet/intranet revolution has dramatically increased the demand for developers with a sophisticated understanding of network programming APIs, especially sockets. One book contains all you need to know: UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Second Edition.
Effect of SEI on Capacity Losses of Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxide/Graphite Batteries Stored at 60°C (2010)

The discharge capacities of spinet-type Li(1.1)Mn(1.9)O(4)/graphite cells charged in electrolytes with solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)-forming additives are investigated after being stored at 60 degrees C. The presence of Mn deposits on the anode surface, which is responsible for the capacity fading of cells, is clearly shown by means of open-circuit voltage, ex situ X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive spectrometry measurements. Unlike fluoroethylene carbonate, using vinylene carbonate as an SEI former leads to a noticeable improvement in the discharge capacity retention of cells that were stored for 20 days at 60 degrees C.
Electroorganic reactions. 38. Mechanism of electrooxidative cleavage of lignin model dimers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroorganic reactions. 38. Mechanism of electrooxidative cleavage of lignin model dimersVera L. Pardini, Carmen Z. Smith, James H. P. Utley, Reinaldo R. Vargas, and Hans ViertlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 26, 7305–7313Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00026a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00026a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1552Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional analysis of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> SBP‐box gene <i>SPL3</i>: a novel gene involved in the floral transition (1997)

The isolation and initial characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana SPL3 gene are described. SPL3 belongs to a gene family encoding putative transcription factors characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain, the SBP domain. SPL3 transcription is developmentally regulated and is localized mainly in vegetative and inflorescence apical meristems, floral meristems and in leaf and floral organ primordia. SPL3 recognizes a conserved sequence motif in the promoter region of the A. thaliana floral meristem identity gene AP1. Similarly to AP1, constitutive expression of SPL3 results in early flowering. However, constitutive expression of SPL3 in an ap1 mutant background showed that AP1 is not required for the early flowering phenotype of the SPL3 transgenic plants. The function of SPL3 during flowering as well as its possible functional redundancy are discussed.
Communication: A Necessity for Effective Management of Modern Organization (2013)

Communication has become a very central and critical tool for organization’s day-to-day activity. Without effective communication, organization is considered death. Communication also has a tremendous implication on the management processes such as planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The activities of efficiency, accountability and transparency are better managed if there is effective communication. It has become an essential tool for smooth organizational management. The major process of organizational communication was discussed with a clear guide that the message sender should use only the language and vocabulary which is understood by the receiver. This means that persons involved in communication should avoid technical jargons and difficult words. As to the primary function of communication; it was stated that communication is used in businesses organization to disseminate specific or general information to management, staff and clients. In fact, communication in an organization as noticed in the paper is being faced with multiple barriers. Ambiguity was discussed as the major source of communication barrier. That is, when the massage sent is not clear, it is then difficult for the person receiving it to make any meaning out of the massage sent. The study concludes and recommends among other things that efforts should be made by organizations for ensuring effective and efficient communication system.
Prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) designed trials yield the same results as double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with respect to ABPM measurements (2003)

Thus, changes in mean 24-h ambulatory blood pressure from the DBPC and PROBE trials in this meta-analysis are statistically equivalent in terms of ruling out a difference of >or= 3 mmHg in SBP and >or= 2 mmHg in DBP. This supports the validity of the PROBE design in assessing antihypertensive efficacy based on blinded ABPM measurements.
Virtualization as an enabler for security in mobile devices (2008)

Virtualization, a well established technology in the desktop and server domain, is currently investigated and analyzed with respect to its potential within mobile devices. The paper argues that mobile devices, which are targeting a completely open setup (e.g. Linux based), are facing severe security challenges. Thus, virtualization will be discussed as an enabler for security in mobile devices. Virtualization approaches and elements are discussed in detail taking this use case and existing limitations of mobile embedded devices into account.
Cree, Canadian and American: Negotiating Sovereignties with Jeff Lemire's Equinox and "Justic League Canada" (2015)

Canadian and Torontonian Joe Shuster co-created Superman in 1938, drawing on his experiences at the Toronto Daily Star to define Clark Kent’s everyday life as a reporter. Despite Shuster’s Canadian co-authorship of the definitive American comic book superhero, John Bell suggests “Canadians are probably too wary of the uncritical portrayal of unrestrained heroism and power for the superhero genre ever to become a mainstay of the country's indigenous comic art” (84). Bell’s comments express national scepticism towards American myths of heroism, perhaps best summed up in the equally iconic Canadian trope of the ‘beautiful loser’. Whilst comic books may heighten these distinct senses of a national narrative, they are also the potential sites of encounter for intersecting national cultural narratives. Onesuch encounter can be seen in the recent “Justice League Canada” storyline of American publisher DC Comics’ Justice League United. Echoing its past connections with Canada, DC Comics’ Canadian cartoonist Jeff Lemire has created a superhero team storyline set explicitly in Northern Ontario, Canada, also introducing an Indigenous female superhero named Equinox to the DC comic book universe. Cree, and from Moose Factory, Ontario, the hero Equinox is in everyday life the teenager Miiyahbin Marten. Whilst the ‘DC universe’ is firmly a realm of the fantastic, Lemire’s storyline underscores how its characters provide real-life negotiations of American, Canadian and Indigenous identity. National boundaries, identities and sovereignties are potentially re-enforced and challenged through “Justice League Canada,” and particularly in the visualisation of Equinox. The mainstream storyworlds of American comic books are complicated by this negotiation of plural sovereignties.