gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A portable fiberoptic ratiometric fluorescence analyzer provides rapid point-of-care determination of glomerular filtration rate in large animals (2012)

Measurement of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard for precise assessment of kidney function. A rapid, point-of-care determination of the GFR may provide advantages in the clinical setting over currently available assays. Here we demonstrate a proof of principle for such an approach in a pig and dogs, two species that approximate the vascular access and GFR results expected in humans. In both animal models, a sub-millimeter optical fiber that delivered excitation light and collected fluorescent emissions was inserted into a peripheral vein (dog) or central venous access (pig) by means of commercial intravenous catheters. A mixture of fluorescent chimeras of a small freely filterable reporter and large non-filterable plasma volume marker were infused as a bolus, excited by light-emitting diodes, and the in vivo signals detected and quantified by photomultiplier tubes in both species in less than 60 min. Concurrent standardized 6-h iohexol plasma kidney clearances validated the accuracy of our results for both physiologic and a chronic kidney disease setting. Thus, our ratiometric technique allows for both measurement of plasma vascular volume and highly accurate real-time GFR determinations, enabling clinical decision making in real time.
Effects of porcine somatotropin dosage and lysine level on growth performance of growing pigs (1991)

Eighty crossbred barrows initially weighing 70.5 lb were used in a 5 wk trial to determine the optimum dosage of porcine somatotropin (PST) required to promote maximum growth response in growing pigs fed diets containing either 1.0 or 2.0% lysine. Pigs received a daily injection of placebo or 2, 4, or 8 mg pST in combination with one of two experimental diets containing either 1.0 or 2.0% dietary lysine. Increasing the dosage of pST of pigs fed both diets resulted in an increase in average daily gain (ADG), a reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI), and an improvement in feed conversion (F/G). Average backfat, calculated from ultrasonic measurements at the first rib, last rib, and last lumbar vertebra, was reduced in pigs fed both diets as pST dosage increased. Serum pST increased and urea nitrogen decreased for pigs fed both diets as pST dosage increased. The improvement in ADG and F/G of pigs fed both diets was quadratic, indicating that a plateau was achieved between 4 and 8 mg/d pST administration. The serum urea nitrogen response appeared to plateau near 8 mg/d. The combination of these response criteria indicates that the dosage required for maximum response is about 7 mg/d pST, whereas the more optimum level of pST administration may be about 5 mg/d for growing pigs fed diets containing 1.0 or 2.0% lysine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21. 1991
Stepwise immortalization and transformation of adult human prostate epithelial cells by a combination of HPV-18 and v-Ki-ras. (1994)

Recent investigations have shown the presence of ras gene mutations and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in prostate carcinomas. In the present study, secondary adult human prostatic epithelial cells, upon transfection with a plasmid containing the entire HPV-18 genome, acquired an indefinite life-span in culture but did not undergo malignant conversion. Subsequent infection of these immortalized cells with the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, which contains an activated Ki-ras oncogene, induced morphological transformation that led to the acquisition of neoplastic properties. These findings demonstrate the malignant transformation of adult human prostate epithelial cells in culture by a combination of viral oncogenes and the successive roles of HPV infection and Ki-ras activation in a multistep process responsible for prostate carcinogenesis.
Passively Mode-Locked Raman Laser (2010)

We report on the observation of a mode-locked laser generated with a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator pumped with a continuous wave laser. Optical pumping of the resonator generates an optical frequency comb with phase locked components at the Raman offset of the resonator host material. Phase locking of the modes is confirmed via measurement of the radio-frequency beat note produced by the comb on a fast photodiode. Neither the conventional Kerr comb nor hyperparametric oscillation is observed when the comb is present. We present a theoretical explanation of the effect.
Ultrawide-Bandwidth Slow-Light System Based on THz Plasmonic Graded Metallic Grating Structures (2008)

We explore a novel mechanism for slowing down THz waves based on metallic grating structures with graded depths, whose dispersion curves and cutoff frequencies are different at different locations. Since the group velocity of spoof surface plasmons at the cutoff frequency is extremely low, THz waves are actually stopped at different positions for different frequencies. The separation between stopped waves can be tuned by changing the grade of the grating depths. This structure offers the advantage of reducing the speed of the light over an ultrawide spectral band, and the ability to operate at various temperatures, but demands a stringent requirement for the temperature stability.
SAR signal reconstruction from non-uniform displaced phase centre sampling (2004)

The displaced phase centre (DPC) technique enables a wide swath SAR with high azimuth resolution. In a classic DPC system, the PRF has to be chosen such that the SAR carrier moves just one half of its antenna length between subsequent radar pulses. Any deviation from this PRF results in a non-uniform sampling of the synthetic aperture. This paper shows that an unambiguous reconstruction of the SAR signal is also possible in case of such a non-optimum PRF. For this, an innovative reconstruction algorithm is derived, which enables a recovery of the unambiguous Doppler spectrum also in case of a non-uniform sampling of the synthetic aperture. This algorithm also has a great potential for multistatic satellite constellations as well as the dual receive antennas in Radarsat II and TerraSAR-X
ESDInspector: a new layout-level ESD protection circuitry design verification tool using a smart-parametric checking mechanism (2004)

On-chip ESD (electrostatic discharging) protection is a challenging IC design problem. New CAD tools are essential to ESD protection design prediction and verification at full chip level. This paper reports a smart parametric checking mechanism and the first intelligent CAD tool, entitled ESDInspector, developed for full-chip ESD protection circuitry design verification. Capability of the new tool is demonstrated using a practical design example in a 0.35/spl mu/m BiCMOS.
The Menkes and Wilson disease genes counteract in copper toxicosis in Labrador retrievers: a new canine model for copper-metabolism disorders (2016)

The deleterious effects of a disrupted copper metabolism are illustrated by hereditary diseases caused by mutations in the genes coding for the copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B. Menkes disease, involving ATP7A, is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of copper deficiency. Mutations in ATP7B lead to Wilson disease, which is characterized by a predominantly hepatic copper accumulation. The low incidence and the phenotypic variability of human copper toxicosis hamper identification of causal genes or modifier genes involved in the disease pathogenesis. The Labrador retriever was recently characterized as a new canine model for copper toxicosis. Purebred dogs have reduced genetic variability, which facilitates identification of genes involved in complex heritable traits that might influence phenotype in both humans and dogs. We performed a genome-wide association study in 235 Labrador retrievers and identified two chromosome regions containing ATP7A and ATP7B that were associated with variation in hepatic copper levels. DNA sequence analysis identified missense mutations in each gene. The amino acid substitution ATP7B:p.Arg1453Gln was associated with copper accumulation, whereas the amino acid substitution ATP7A:p.Thr327Ile partly protected against copper accumulation. Confocal microscopy indicated that aberrant copper metabolism upon expression of the ATP7B variant occurred because of mis-localization of the protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Dermal fibroblasts derived from ATP7A:p.Thr327Ile dogs showed copper accumulation and delayed excretion. We identified the Labrador retriever as the first natural, non-rodent model for ATP7B-associated copper toxicosis. Attenuation of copper accumulation by the ATP7A mutation sheds an interesting light on the interplay of copper transporters in body copper homeostasis and warrants a thorough investigation of ATP7A as a modifier gene in copper-metabolism disorders. The identification of two new functional variants in ATP7A and ATP7B contributes to the biological understanding of protein function, with relevance for future development of therapy.
Male accessory sex glands produce heparin‐binding proteins that bind to cauda epididymal spermatozoa and are testosterone dependent (1990)

Heparin binds to bovine sperm and stimulates capacitation in vitro. Seminal plasma alters the ability of epididymal sperm to bind heparin, and several heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) have been identified in bull seminal plasma. This study had three objectives: 1) to identify production sites of seminal plasma HBPs, 2) to determine which HBPs bound to cauda epididymal sperm, and 3) to determine whether presence of HBPs was testosterone dependent. Proteins from bull or rat seminal vesicles, prostates, and bulbourethral glands were separated by heparin affinity high-performance liquid chromatography. HBPs were found in all accessory glands of rats and bulls, but the major source of bovine seminal plasma HBPs appeared to be seminal vesicles. Between 25% and 50% of the protein from each gland bound to the heparin column, and NaCl concentrations required to elute proteins ranged from 0.15 to 1.4 M. One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that major HBPs were relatively small, with molecular weights between 13 and 31 kDa, but some HBPs also exhibited higher molecular weights, between 40 and 100 kDa. Radioiodinated HBPs from each bovine gland were incubated with epididymal sperm. Labeled HBPs binding to sperm exhibited molecular weights of 14, 16, 24, and 30 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. The HBP content of the accessory sex glands decreased significantly in castrated rats and was restored to levels of sham-operated controls by testosterone replacement. Heparin-binding proteins may play a role in fertilization by attaching to sperm surfaces, enabling heparin-like glycosaminoglycans in the female reproductive tract to induce capacitation.
Vacuum-to-air interface for the advanced test accelerator beam director (1986)

A vacuum-to-air transition was created to facilitate the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) electron beam 1-Hz pulse rate. It is necessary that a pulsed particle beam go from a region at 10/sup -6/ torr through a 1-cm-diam maximum aperture into a region at 760 torr. This must be accomplished without the use of windows or solid barriers. Two tests will be conducted on the vacuum-to-air interface. The first determines pressure profiles through 1.0-mm- and 10.0-mm-diam orifices. The second test employs an expendable foil and foil advancement mechanism. In this paper, the experimental results of the orifice test are presented and the analytical results are compared with the empirical results. The foil advancement test will be documented after the test is completed. The mechanism serves both as an orifice and as a fast-acting vacuum valve. In operation, the electron beam penetrates the thin foil, thereby creating an aperture of minimum geometry. During the balance of the pulse cycle, after the beam duration, the foil is advanced to seal the opening and recover the almost negligible loss in vacuum.
Porous silicon field emission cathode development (1996)

This article will address the development of a porous silicon cathode technology which shows promise in solving the existing problems, specifically unstable, low current density, nonreproducible and high voltage emission, encountered by other cathode technologies. Monolithic two- and three-terminal devices have been designed, manufactured, and characterized. All of these devices have resulted in stable, reproducible operating characteristics that follow the Fowler–Nordheim model. Vacuum transport of the electrons and temperature independence (to 250 °C) of the current–voltage characteristics have been confirmed. Appreciable emission current has been observed with macroscopic fields on the order of 104 V/cm, thus indicating a large submicroscopic field enhancement due to the geometrical nature of the porous silicon.
Rational Sulfur Cathode Design for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Sulfur-Embedded Benzoxazine Polymers (2016)

A variety of advanced electrode structures have been developed lately to address the intrinsic drawbacks of lithium–sulfur batteries, such as polysulfide shuttling and low electrical conductivity of elemental sulfur. Nevertheless, it is still desired to find electrode structures that address those issues through an easy synthesis while securing large sulfur contents (i.e., > 70 wt %). Here, we report an orthogonal, “one-pot” synthetic approach to prepare a sulfur-embedded polybenzoxazine (S-BOP) with a high sulfur content of 72 wt %. This sulfur-embedded polymer was achieved via thermal ring-opening polymerization of benzoxazine in the presence of elemental sulfur, and the covalent attachment of sulfur to the polymer was rationally directed through the thiol group of benzoxazine. Also, the resulting S-BOP bears a homogeneous distribution of sulfur due to in situ formation of the polymer backbone. This unique internal structure endows S-BOP with high initial Coulombic efficiency (96.6%) and robust cyclability (92.7% retention after 1000 cycles) when tested as a sulfur cathode.
Adjustment of Dry Weight in Hemodialysis Patients using Intradialytic Continuous Multifrequency Bioimpedance of the Calf (2004)

Intradialytic continuous calf BIS allows the assessment of changes in extracellular calf resistance as an indicator of changes in extracellular fluid volume. Recording of a continuous R(e-0)/R(e-t) slope during dialysis appears to be a promising new tool for the prediction of dry weight in hemodialysis patients.
Method for recovery of actinides from actinide-bearing scrap and waste nuclear material using O/sub 2/F/sub 2/ (1984)

Method for recovery of actinides from nuclear waste material containing sintered and other oxides thereof and from scrap materials containing the metal actinides using O/sub 2/F/sub 2/ to generate the hexafluorides of the actinides present therein. The fluorinating agent, O/sub 2/F/sub 2/, has been observed to perform the above-described tasks at sufficiently low temperatures that there is virtually no damage to the containment vessels. Moreover, the resulting actinide hexafluorides are not detroyed by high temperature reactions with the walls of the reaction vessel. Dioxygen difluoride is readily prepared, stored and transferred to the place of reaction.
Engineering Cytochrome P450 BM-3 for Selective Hydroxylation of Alkanes (2005)

Cytochromes P450 are of potential synthetic value because they hydroxylate a large array of substrates, often with high regio- and enantioselectivity. In contrast to most P450s, the BM-3 variant from Bacillus megaterium is soluble, easily expressed in E. coli, and does not require additional electron transfer proteins. A highly efficient enzyme for its preferred reaction, hydroxylation of medium-chain (C12 to C18) fatty acids, BM-3 is a good candidate for engineering for applications requiring activity on other substrates. Using iterations of random mutagenesis, recombination, and high throughput screening, we engineered P450 BM-3 mutants to hydroxylate linear alkanes as short as propane. Activity towards linear alkanes was further increased by changing two key active site residues. The resulting mutants hydroxylate linear alkanes with high regioselectivity and, notably, enantioselectivity. We further engineered these enzymes with guidance from the crystal structure of substrate-bound P450 BM-3. Eleven active-site residues were chosen for saturation mutagenesis, and the resulting mutants were screened for improved activity towards alkanes, as measured by total product formation. Substitutions at these positions generally did not affect correct folding of the enzyme, and a large fraction of folded proteins retained similar levels of activity as their predecessor. Moreover, several of the 11 selected amino acid substitutions yielded mutants that were both more active and produced various combinations of product regioisomers. Recombination of these beneficial active-site mutations generated BM-3 variants that catalyze: (a) regio- and enantioselective hydroxylation of linear alkanes; (b) terminal hydroxylation of linear alkanes; (c) regio- and enantioselective hydroxylation of heterocyclic compounds; and (d) ethane hydroxylation. The selective conversion of ethane to ethanol, not previously reported for any P450, is catalyzed by the most active mutant from this library. In nature, this reaction is solely observed for methane monooxygenases (MMOs) and related enzymes in alkane-assimilating bacteria. Additionally, we have found that the reductase domain can be engineered to increase the efficiency of these reactions. Our progress in converting BM-3 from a fatty-acid hydroxylase into an enzyme able to selectively hydroxylate smaller alkanes, including ethane, is an important step towards our ultimate goal, achieving selective BM-3 catalyzed conversion of methane to methanol.
A Hydrogen ICE Vehicle Powered by Ovonic Metal Hydride Storage (2004)

Among the various alternative fuels, hydrogen is the only fuel, which is clean and sustainable. More importantly, if hydrogen is produced from renewable resources, virtually no CO 2 emissions are produced. Texaco Ovonic Hydrogen Systems (TOHS) has converted a gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) hybrid vehicle to a hydrogen vehicle using its advanced metal hydride storage. Compared to its gasoline counterpart, the converted vehiole demonstrated a reduction in CO 2 tailpipe emission of 220 grams per mile. Ovonic metal hydride hydrogen storage systems consist of three critical elements: (1) an advanced metal hydride alloy, (2) an efficient heat exchanger and (3) a lightweight fiber wrapped pressure container. A 50 liter Ovonic metal hydride storage vessel installed in the vehicle provides a storage capacity of 3 kg hydrogen and a driving range of 130-150 miles.
Electrical domain compensation of optical dispersion [optical fibre communication applications (2005)

Recent advances in the electrical equalization of optical systems are presented in the context of standard methods. We report 10 Gb/s transmission over 60,000 ps/nm of optical dispersion from 3840 km of NDSF (non-dispersion shifted fibre).
Uncertainty estimation for databased bathymetry using a Bayesian network approach (2012)

A Bayesian network approach has been developed to estimate uncertainties for gridded bathymetry models that store grids of large regional or worldwide bathymetry. A previous technique to estimate uncertainty for historical data uses Monte Carlo simulations to estimate uncertainty using soundings data, but it is infeasible to implement for gridded bathymetry models. The Bayesian network is designed to estimate uncertainty using gridded bathymetry and a distribution of navigation uncertainties for the survey data used to create the grid as inputs. This paper discusses how the Monte Carlo technique is used to train the network and how to implement it to estimate gridded uncertainty. A demonstration of this approach is presented that uses the data from the original paper for the Monte Carlo technique. Both Monte Carlo and Bayesian network estimators provide higher uncertainty with bottom slope. The Bayesian network estimate is generally greater than the Monte Carlo approach, which is by design for navigation safety, but is within an order of magnitude agreement.
The cellular text telephone modem - the solution for supporting text telephone functionality in GSM networks (2002)

Text telephone devices are text-based terminals that allow the users to communicate by text via fixed-line telephone networks. Since cellular phone systems are sometime subject to severe radio channel impairments and the modem signals of these text telephones are therefore not always transmitted reliably, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has required a solution to guarantee a reliable transmission of text telephone data for emergency calls via cellular phone systems. For the North American PCS-1900 cellular phone systems the Standards Committee T1 has standardized a solution for this requirement, which is based on a new modem protocol, the cellular text telephone modem (CTM), whose signals can be reliably transmitted via the speech channel of cellular phone systems. After an introduction into text telephony, this contribution provides a description of this solution for PCS-1900 systems using CTM signals. The solution is indeed independent of the cellular system and works on de-facto all speech channels.
Nano-imaging of the lymph network structure with quantum dots (2010)

Sentinel lymph node diagnosis contributes to operative strategy in cancer surgery. During lymph node metastasis, cancer cells first reach the sentinel lymph node (SLN) via lymph flow. To perform SLN biopsy effectively, it is important that cancer cells are detected with high sensitivity in SLN connected to the tumor site. Here we present a method to visualize a high-risk area in the SLN for lymph node metastasis with a high degree of accuracy. Quantum dots (QDs), bright fluorescent nanoparticles, were endoscopically injected into the gastrointestinal wall of pigs, and their signal was specifically detected in the SLN with a laparoscopic device. Single-particle imaging under a confocal microscope showed that the QDs were distributed heterogeneously in the SLN and that their distribution marked the inflow locus of afferent lymphatic vessels where lymph node metastasis begins. Moreover, we developed a method using cellular marker conjugated QDs that visualizes specific cells in SLNs, suggesting that this method can be applied for the detection of cancer cells in sentinel lymph nodes using tumor-specific-molecular conjugated QDs. These results show that our method might significantly increase the detection rate of cancer metastasis in SLNs.
A new phthalocyanine derivative having peripheral 2-thienyl substituents (2000)

A phthalocyanine derivative having eight 2-thienyl substituents at the β-position was synthesized and electrochemical oxidation of the phthalocyanine gave an insoluble polymer film on the electrode surface.
Discovery and Routing of Degraded Fat-Trees (2012)

The fat-tree topology has become a popular choice for InfiniBand enterprise systems due to its deadlock freedom, fault-tolerance and full bisection bandwidth. In the HPC domain, InfiniBand fabric is used in almost 42% of the systems on the latest Top 500 list, and many of those systems are based on the fat-tree topology. Despite the popularity of the fat-tree topology, little research has been done to compare the behavior of InfiniBand routing algorithms on degraded fat-tree topologies. In this paper, we identify the weaknesses of the current fat-tree routing and propose enhancements that liberalize the restrictions imposed on the routed fabric. Furthermore, we present a thorough analysis of non-proprietary routing algorithms that are implemented in the InfiniBand Open Subnet Manager. Our results show that even though the performance of a fat-tree routed network deteriorates predictably with the number of failed links, fat-tree routing algorithm is still the best choice for severely degraded fat-tree fabrics.