gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Variation in a Collection of Meadow Fescue Accessions (2000)

Meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Huds.) is a pasture grass that has been little used in North America since the introduction of its higher yielding relative tall fescue ( F. arundinacea Schreb.). The objectives of this study were to quantify genotypic variation for agronomic traits within the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) collection of meadow fescue accessions and to relate that variation to the geographic source of the accessions. Seedlings of 213 accessions were transplanted to Ashland and Marshfield, WI, and to Crossville, AL, in 1991. Four spaced plants per accession, overseeded with white clover ( Trifolium repens L.), were established at each location. Forage yield, disease reaction, morphological traits, maturity, and survival were determined in 1992 and 1993. For most traits, accessions responded similarly at the two Wisconsin locations, but differently between Wisconsin and Alabama. Phenotypic correlations between the two states were positive, but very low. Between 18 and 36% of the sum of squares for accessions was due to country or region source of each accession. Romanian and Hungarian accessions had the highest mean forage yield, with superior survival in both Wisconsin and Alabama. Several accessions had short, narrow leaf blades, thin stems, wide crowns, and high survival, suggesting potential use as turf‐type germplasm. A core collection of 55 accessions was proposed on the basis of cluster analysis classification.
Use of anaesthesia. Implications of day-case surgery and anaesthesia. (1980)

Implications of day-case surgery and anaesthesia T W OGG In 1977 hospital day-case surgical procedures performed in England numbered 536 893, mainly in the specialties of urology, gynaecology, orthopaedics, and general surgery. Outpatient surgery was especially common in the larger regions-namely Mersey, W Midlands, North-west, and Trent.
The Future of Humanism (2011)

From a talk to Humanist Society of South Australia, 13 February 2011, at State Library meeting room.
A Nonionic Amphiphile Agent Promotes Gene Delivery <i>In Vivo</i> to Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles (2002)

Direct injection of naked DNA into skeletal or cardiac muscle induces detectable gene expression. Although this provides a practical system for transgene expression, the reported efficacy is too low to confer a therapeutic benefit. By following a rational strategy based on the supramolecular structures adopted by active complexes, we have discovered a novel nonionic amphiphile synthetic agent [poly(ethyleneoxide)(13)-poly(propyleneoxide)(30)-poly(ethyleneoxide)(13) block copolymer; PE6400] that enables gene expression in up to 35% of muscle fibers from mouse tibial cranial muscle. PE6400 abolishes the ceiling effect on transgene expression of increasing amounts of naked DNA and permits long-term expression of the beta-galactosidase reporter gene in immunologically tolerant transgenic rats. This improvement in gene expression over naked DNA was observed irrespective of the reporter gene, ranging from 0.7 to 3.4 kb, and of the animal model used. In skeletal muscle, the PE6400 formulation led to a level of transfection efficiency similar to that obtained by electrotransfer. PE6400 also promotes high transgene expression in cardiac muscle. In contrast, PE6400-DNA formulations were inefficient in vitro in established cell lines and in isolated cardiomyocytes. When microinjected into the cell cytoplasm, PE6400 promotes DNA trafficking into the nucleus and induces gene expression. PE6400 provides a simple gene delivery system for skeletal and myocardial gene transfer. We propose that the PE6400 formulation could serve for the treatment of diseases primarily affecting muscle or for the expression of therapeutic proteins for local or systemic benefit.
Self-patterning, pre-applied underfilling technology for stack-die packaging (2014)

Die stacking is one of the next-generation 3D IC packaging methods, but its stringent material requirements are unlikely to be met by traditional underfills. Moreover, filler trapping is becoming an increasingly serious issue in no-flow and wafer-level underfills. In this report, we demonstrate a novel underfilling technology for the reduction of filler trapping in fine-pitch interconnects. In our method, we fabricate superhydrophobic bond pads, and control the flow of the underfill material by the surface energy difference between the bond pads and the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> substrate. The superhydrophobic bond pads are shown to have no effect on the bonding of soldering materials to the pads.
Improvements in the factory steam economy at San Antonio. (2004)

THIS paper reviews the improvement in factory steam economy at Ingenio San Antonio (ISA), Nicaragua, over recent years, starting from conditions of low economy and moving to an operation with high steam economy, appropriate to a full cogeneration factory. Ideas for further improvements are discussed, and the factors limiting further economies are outlined. The mass/energy balances for the factory through the changes from pre-1998 to the end of the 2001 season are presented. The recent values with steam consumption around 46% to 47% on cane must be considered excellent for a factory with a pol % cane of around 13.3% and one which produces about one third of its sugar as raw sugar, one third direct consumption sulphited sugar, and about one third of its product sugar as recrystallised refined sugar of less than 40 I.U. colour. The ISA factory is considering schemes to reduce the process steam demand further in the future and to increase the production of high-pressure steam from the fibre supply in the cane. These are indicated in the paper. It is hoped to reduce the process steam consumption to around 39% on cane. The experience obtained at ISA should give a lead to other factories considering cogeneration schemes to increase revenue by power export from the factory.
Efficient N-tailing of blunt DNA ends by Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (2017)

Abstract Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) is a widely used enzyme for cDNA synthesis. Here we show that MMLV-RT has a strong template-independent polymerase activity using blunt DNA ends as substrate that generates 3′ overhangs of A, C, G, or T. Nucleotides were appended efficiently in the order A > G > T > C, and tail lengths varied from 4 to 5, 2 to 7, 2 to 4, and 2 to 3 for A, C, G, and T, respectively. The activity was so strong that nearly all our test DNA ends were appended with at least one A, C, G, or T. The N-tailing activity of MMLV-RT was enhanced in the presence of Mn 2+ , and the G-, C-, and T-tailing activities were further enhanced by dCMP, dGMP, and dAMP, respectively. This is the first report of an enzymatic activity that almost thoroughly appends two or more As, or one or more Cs, Gs, or Ts to the 3′ end of double-stranded DNA, which would enable exhaustive analysis of DNA samples. The N-tailing activity of MMLV-RT is potentially useful in many biotechnological applications.
Frustratingly Easy Domain Adaptation (2009)

We describe an approach to domain adaptation that is appropriate exactly in the case when one has enough “target ” data to do slightly better than just using only “source” data. Our approach is incredibly simple, easy to implement as a preprocessing step (10 lines of Perl!) and outperforms stateof-the-art approaches on a range of datasets. Moreover, it is trivially extended to a multidomain adaptation problem, where one has data from a variety of different domains. 1
Sexually different actions of leptin in proopiomelanocortin neurons to regulate glucose homeostasis (2008)

Leptin regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis, at least in part, via activation of receptors in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus located in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Females have greater sensitivity to central leptin than males, suggested by a greater anorectic effect of central leptin administration in females. We hypothesized that the regulation of energy balance and peripheral glucose homeostasis of female rodents would be affected to a greater extent than in males if the action of leptin in POMC neurons were disturbed. Male and female mice lacking leptin receptors only in POMC neurons gained significantly more body weight and accumulated more body fat. However, female mice gained disproportionately more visceral adiposity than males, and this appeared to be largely the result of differences in energy expenditure. When maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD), both male and female mutants had higher levels of insulin following exogenous glucose challenges. Chow- and HFD-fed males but not females had abnormal glucose disappearance curves following insulin administrations. Collectively, these data indicate that the action of leptin in POMC neurons is sexually different to influence the regulation of energy balance, fat distribution, and glucose homeostasis.
Migrating software to hardware on FPGAs (2005)

The demands on embedded processors are growing faster than CPU developers can respond. This has lead to a number of academic and commercial processors, such as Tensilica (Leibson, 2003) and ARC, which allow hardware extensions in the form of new instructions to improve the overall throughput. Unfortunately, it is rarely obvious at the application level which new instruction would accelerate a given function. This paper proposes a design flow that migrates performance critical sections of software into hardware by automatically creating application specific hardware blocks that accelerate the overall software execution. The hardware implementation of the function is interfaced to the general-purpose processor, which runs the remainder of the software. Targeting FPGA fabric maintains the reprogrammable nature of the algorithm that was originally in software. We present our results on using this flow on the G.729 audio encoding algorithm.
Harmonized Texture Mapping (2009)

This paper presents a novel texture-mapping method, called harmonized texture mapping (HTM), for reducing the blurring and ghosting artifacts that are created by most existing visualization methods which do not consider the inaccuracy of a generated 3D shape and camera parameters. HTM can significantly reduce the occurrence of artifacts by dynamically adjusting textures generated from multi-viewpoint images in accordance with both textural features of the images and geometrical features of the generated 3D shape. The performance of HTM is evaluated by quantitative and qualitative experiments using several 3D video sequences.
The Role of the C1 and C2 A-domains in Type VI Collagen Assembly (2001)

Constructs of each of the three chains of type VI collagen were generated and examined in an in vitro transcription/translation assay supplemented with semipermeabilized cells. Each of the constructs when used in the in vitro system was shown to be glycosylated and to undergo intracellular assembly, the extent of which was determined by the nature of the C-terminal globular domains. All three chains containing the C1 domain formed monomers; however, the C2 domain was required for dimer and tetramer formation. In the case of the full-length alpha2(VI) chain, monomers, dimers, and tetramers formed in a time-dependent manner. Although the splice variant alpha2(VI)C2a could form monomers, it was unable to form dimers and tetramers. Similar results to the alpha2(VI) chain were found for the full-length alpha1(VI) chain, although assembly was at a slower rate. In the case of the alpha3(VI) chain containing both C1 and C2 domains only monomers were observed. Addition of the C3, C4, and C5 did not change this pattern. Homology modeling suggested that a 10-amino acid insertion in the C2 domain of the alpha3(VI) chain may interfere with dimer formation. A near full-length construct of the alpha3(VI) chain only formed monomers but was shown to facilitate tetramer formation in cotranslation experiments.
Some Discharge Characteristics of Surface Discharge AC PDPs by the Voltage Transfer Curve (1999)

In this paper, we have suggested a method to measure the wall voltage V_w and one of the equivalent capacitances of the cell in the surface discharge ac PDP (Plasma Display Panel) by simple experiment under a given driving waveform. The voltage transfer curve is obtained with the information of V_w, C_d. and shaping by applying various peak amplitudes of the sustain voltage to the cells. The effect of frequency and duty ratio of sustain pulse are discussed. Moreover, the critical pulse width, the critical sustain voltage amplitude, and the critical period of swing voltage as an erase pulse can clearly be determined from the analysis of the voltage transfer curves of the surface discharge ac PDP.
Blastocyst Production from In Vitro-produced Day-2 Bovine Embryos Classified by Cleavage Stage, and Cytogenetical Evaluation of the Resultant Day-8 Blastocysts (2008)

The present study was conducted to determine the criteria for selecting good quality embryos on Day-2 post-insemination and at the blastocyst stage. Bovine oocytes were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. First, Day-2 embryos were classified based on the number of blastomeres into 2-cell, 3- to 4-cell, 5- to 8-cell and >8-cell stage embryos; chromosome samples were then prepared. In the second experiment, the Day-2 embryos classified according to the number of blastomeres were cultured separately for an additional 6 days (Day 8). The resultant Day-8 blastocysts from each group of Day-2 embryos were classified into the following 3 grades based on morphology and diameter: Grade A, hatched and hatching blastocysts; Grade B, expanded blastocysts; and Grade C, unexpanded blastocysts. Chromosome samples were then prepared. The 5- to 8-cell stage Day-2 embryos had the lowest incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (13.5%, P<0.05) and the highest development rate to blastocysts (59.2%, P<0.05). Furthermore, the blastocysts derived from the 5- to 8-cell stage embryos had the largest mean number of cells (102.8+/-42.4, P<0.05), largest number of metaphases per blastocyst (9.5+/-4.8, P<0.05) and lowest incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (24.6%, P<0.05). The Grade A blastocysts had the largest mean number of cells (136.6+/-33.4, P<0.05), a large number of metaphases per blastocyst (11.9+/-5.5, P<0.05) and a low incidence of severe chromosomal abnormalities (17.3%). The results showed that, at Day 2, the 5- to 8-cell stage embryos were of better quality since they had the lowest incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and the highest blastocyst rate and the resultant blastocysts had the largest number of cells and lowest incidence of chromosomal abnormalities. In particular, selection of Grade A blastocysts can improve the development rate to term.
Synthesis and biological activity of the 2-desamino and 2-desamino-2-methyl analogs of aminopterin and methotrexate (1991)

The previously undescribed 2-desamino and 2-desamino-2-methyl analogues of aminopterin (AMT) and methotrexate (MTX) were synthesized from 2-amino-5-(chloromethyl)pyrazine-3-carbonitrile. The AMT analogues were obtained via a three-step sequence consisting of condensation with di-tert-butyl N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate, heating with formamidine or acetamidine acetate, and mild acidolysis with trifluoroacetic acid. The MTX analogues were prepared similarly, except that 2-amino-5-(chloromethyl)pyrazine-3-carbonitrile was condensed with 4-(N-methylamino)benzoic acid and the resulting product was annulated with formamidine or acetamidine acetate to obtain the 2-desamino and 2-desamino-2-methyl analogues, respectively, of 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid. Condensation with di-tert-butyl L-glutamate in the presence of diethyl phosphorocyanidate followed by ester cleavage with trifluoroacetic acid was then carried out. Retention of the L configuration in the glutamate moiety during this synthesis was demonstrated by rapid and essentially complete hydrolysis with carboxypeptidase G1 under conditions that likewise cleaved the L enantiomer of MTX but left the D enantiomer unaffected. The 2-desamino and 2-desamino-2-methyl analogues of AMT and MTX inhibited the growth of tumor cells, but were very poor inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). These unexpected results suggested that activity in intact cells was due to metabolism of the 2-desamino compounds to polyglutamates.
Flow cytometric analysis of platelet surface glycoproteins: phenotypically distinct subpopulations of platelets in children with chronic myeloid leukemia. (1987)

To determine whether distinct subpopulations of platelets exist in individual patients, platelets were incubated with monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein Ib and the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Normal donors (n = 15) had single glycoprotein Ib-positive and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex-positive populations of platelets, with no subpopulations. In normal donors there was a direct relationship between platelet size and the number of surface glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex antigens per platelet. In patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, all platelets were equally negative with regard to the glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex phenotype, respectively. In contrast, each of six children with chronic myeloid leukemia (four of whom were Philadelphia chromosome negative and two of whom were Philadelphia chromosome positive) had two phenotypically distinct subpopulations of platelets: one glycoprotein Ib negative, the other glycoprotein Ib positive. In each of these six children with chronic myeloid leukemia, phenotypically distinct subpopulations of glycoprotein IIb-IIia complex-negative and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex-positive platelets were also detected. Polyclonal antiplatelet antibody bound to both the glycoprotein Ib-negative and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex-negative subpopulations. Age-matched controls (n = 3) and adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 3) showed single glycoprotein Ib-positive and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex-positive populations. In conclusion, flow cytometry detected distinct subpopulations of platelets in children with chronic myeloid leukemia. Flow cytometry is an important new method of identification and investigation of subpopulations of platelets in individual patients.
Proteomic screening of salt‐stress‐induced changes in plasma membranes of <b><i>Synechocystis</i></b> sp. strain PCC 6803 (2006)

The plasma membrane of a cyanobacterial cell is crucial as barrier against the outer medium. It is also an energy-transducing membrane as well as essential for biogenesis of cyanobacterial photosystems and the endo-membrane system. Previously we have identified 57 different proteins in the plasma membrane of control cells from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. In the present work, proteomic screening of salt-stress proteins in the plasma membrane resulted in identification of 109 proteins corresponding to 66 different gene products. Differential and quantitative analyses of 2-DE profiles of plasma membranes isolated from both control and salt-acclimated cells revealed that twenty proteins were enhanced/induced and five reduced during salt stress. More than half of the enhanced/induced proteins were periplasmic binding proteins of ABC-transporters or hypothetical proteins. Proteins that exhibited the highest enhancement during salt stress include FutA1 (Slr1295) and Vipp1 (Sll0617), which have been suggested to be involved in protection of photosystem II under iron deficiency and in thylakoid membrane formation, respectively. Other salt-stress proteins were regulatory proteins such as PII protein, LrtA, and a protein that belongs to CheY subfamily. The physiological significance of the identified salt-stress proteins in the plasma membrane is discussed integrating our current knowledge on cyanobacterial stress physiology.
Therapeutic equivalence of alendronate 70 mg once-weekly and alendronate 10 mg daily in the treatment of osteoporosis. Alendronate Once-Weekly Study Group. (2000)

Dosing convenience is a key element in the effective management of any chronic disease, and is particularly important in the long-term management of osteoporosis. Less frequent dosing with any medication may enhance compliance, thereby maximizing the effectiveness of therapy. Animal data support the rationale that once-weekly dosing with alendronate 70 mg (7 times the daily oral treatment dose) could provide similar efficacy to daily dosing with alendronate 10 mg due to its long duration of effect in bone. In addition, dog studies suggest that the potential for esophageal irritation, observed with daily oral bisphosphonates, may be substantially reduced with once-weekly dosing. This dosing regimen would provide patients with increased convenience and would be likely to enhance patient compliance. We compared the efficacy and safety of treatment with oral once-weekly alendronate 70 mg (N=519), twice-weekly alendronate 35 mg (N=369), and daily alendronate 10 mg (N=370) in a one-year, double-blind, multicenter study of postmenopausal women (ages 42 to 95) with osteoporosis (bone mineral density [BMD] of either lumbar spine or femoral neck at least 2.5 SDs below peak premenopausal mean, or prior vertebral or hip fracture). The primary efficacy endpoint was the comparability of increases in lumbar spine BMD, using strict pre-defined equivalence criteria. Secondary endpoints included changes in BMD at the hip and total body and rate of bone turnover, as assessed by biochemical markers. Both of the new regimens fully satisfied the equivalence criteria relative to daily therapy. Mean increases in lumbar spine BMD at 12 months were: 5.1% (95% CI 4.8, 5.4) in the 70 mg once-weekly group, 5.2% (4.9, 5.6) in the 35 mg twice-weekly group, and 5.4% (5.0, 5.8) in the 10 mg daily treatment group. Increases in BMD at the total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, and total body were similar for the three dosing regimens. All three treatment groups similarly reduced biochemical markers of bone resorption (urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen) and bone formation (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) into the middle of the premenopausal reference range. All treatment regimens were well tolerated with a similar incidence of upper GI adverse experiences. There were fewer serious upper GI adverse experiences and a trend toward a lower incidence of esophageal events in the once-weekly dosing group compared to the daily dosing group. These data are consistent with preclinical animal models, and suggest that once-weekly dosing has the potential for improved upper GI tolerability. Clinical fractures, captured as adverse experiences, were similar among the groups. We conclude that the alendronate 70 mg once-weekly dosing regimen will provide patients with a more convenient, therapeutically equivalent alternative to daily dosing, and may enhance compliance and long-term persistence with therapy.
Ultrasonics Freight-Train Correlator (1980)

by the fact that only absolute values of @ were available and that the smaller values of I @ I were somewhat inaccurate for the purpose. However, the results obtained provided no reasons against the assumption of normality in any of the three cases A, B, or C. Assuming the normality of the distribution of the orientation errors for all three manufacturers the standard deviations were estimated as follows: SA G 26‘, SB G 48’, and sc A 47’. Using the F statistic [ 81, these results indicate a significant difference in accuracy between the manufacturer A and the remaining two, the significance level being 10 percent. CONCLUSION