gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low complexity convolutional codes of rate<i>2/n</i> (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we show that the inherent branch symmetry in the trellis can be used to reduce the computational complexity of the Viterbi decoder. Under the branch symmetry consideration, we propose a modified search algorithm to search new convolutional codes of rate 2/n, with not only high error‐correcting capability but also high branch symmetry. By exploiting the branch symmetry, the branch metric computation of the new codes can be reduced by a factor of 4 or 8 with a performance similar to previous best codes. Key words: butterfly structurecomputational complexityconvolutional codesviterbi decoder Notes Corresponding author. (Tel:886–2–25925252 ext. 3482; Fax: 886–2–25925252 ext. 3482; Email: cyhsu@ttu.edu.tw)
Classification of Live Scanned Fingerprints using Dense SIFT based Ridge Orientation Features (2018)

Fingerprint recognition is a time consuming process in huge fingerprint data-bases. Classifying fingerprints and narrowing the search to a specific class is an effective way to reduce the processing time. For the classification of noisy fingerprints acquired by live scan devices, we proposed a new scheme, based on statistical features derived from dense scale invariant feature transform (d-SIFT). Dense SIFT descriptor is not computed for certain key points but for all pixels of a fingerprint. Each SIFT descriptor consists of 128 features and the distribution of each feature over all SIFT descriptors extracted from a finger-print is used to compute statistical features (mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness). In this approach the dimension of the feature space remains fixed (4×128) irrespective of the number of SIFT descriptors. Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernel is used as a classifier. The proposed scheme has been evaluated using FVC2004, a bench-mark database of noisy low quality live scanned fingerprints; it achieved the average accuracy of 97.63, which is better than the state-of-the-art fingerprint classification methods.
Phthalocyanine polymers. II. Synthesis and characterization of some metal phthalocyanine sheet oligomers (1982)

Abstract Metal phthalocyanine oligomers that possess peripheral carboxylic acid groups were prepared by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride, a metal salt, urea, and a catalyst. These materials have blue to purple colors with a metallic luster and are soluble in sulfuric acid, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide. Their thermal stability is high in an anaerobic atmosphere with char yields of 80–85% at 800°C. Elemental, spectral, and titrimetric analyses and thermal studies were carried out to characterize them.
Rift Valley fever virus (2009)

Vet Med Today: Zoonosis Update 883 R Valley fever virus is a mosquito-borne pathogen of livestock and humans that historically has been responsible for widespread and devastating outbreaks of severe disease throughout Africa and, more recently, the Arabian Peninsula. The virus was first isolated and RVF disease was initially characterized following the sudden deaths (over a 4-week period) of approximately 4,700 lambs and ewes on a single farm along the shores of Lake Naivasha in the Great Rift Valley of Kenya in 1931. Since that time, RVF virus has caused numerous economically devastating epizootics that were characterized by sweeping abortion storms and mortality ratios of approximately 100% among neonatal animals and of 10% to 20% among adult ruminant livestock (especially sheep and cattle). Infections in humans are typically associated with selflimiting febrile illnesses. However, in 1% to 2% of affected individuals, RVF infections can progress to more severe disease including fulminant hepatitis, encephalitis, retinitis, blindness, or a hemorrhagic syndrome; among severely affected persons who are hospitalized, the case fatality ratio is approximately 10% to 20%. Rift Valley fever epizootics and epidemics can rapidly overwhelm the capacities of the public health and veterinary medical communities to provide rapid diagnostic testing and adequate medical care for affected humans and other animals, which can number in the tens if not hundreds of thousands. Veterinarians, other health personnel, farmers, and abattoir workers also are at high risk of infection from direct contact with infected animals and patients; indeed, many historical outbreaks of RVF disease in Africa were initially detected because of illnesses among veterinarians and their assistants after they performed necropsies on infected animals. In 2008, several veterinarians, staff, and veterinary students at a South African veterinary college were infected after handling and performing necropsies Rift Valley fever virus
Double rotor for solid-state NMR (1989)

An NMR double-rotation probe providing for reorientation of a sample around two axes is described, and the key design features for low-friction motion are discussed. By means of double rotation, second-order broadening is averaged away, thus enhancing the resolution of spectra for quadrupole nuclei in solid-state NMR.
Switched-capacitor biquad with low influence of finite gains (1987)

The letter describes a switched-capacitor (SC) biquad which exhibits less effect of the finite gains on the Q-factor and centre frequency than other known biquads of this type. The properties of the circuit have been established by extensive simulation studies using a symbolic analysis program.
Immune response to the B oligomer of pertussis toxin (1987)

Immunization of mice with the B oligomer of pertussis toxin induced antibodies to the native toxin as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These antibodies neutralized the ability of pertussis toxin to alter the morphology of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Furthermore, mice immunized with the B oligomer, when challenged with pertussis toxin, did not exhibit the leukocytosis normally associated with exposure to the toxin. These results demonstrate that the B oligomer, which does not contain the enzymatic activity of the holotoxin, can be used to induce a neutralizing antibody response and suggest that the B oligomer might be considered for use in acellular pertussis vaccines.
High energy cable development for pulsed power applications (1991)

A cable design is presented, along with the development of terminal connectors. The characterization tests of a first run sample of high-power cable are described. The cable end connectors described have proven ability to conduct large current pulses. In fact, a safety factor of nearly two has been demonstrated for the intended operational levels for the cables. The cable resistance has been shown to approach the DC resistance value 440 mu Omega /m in a 1 ms pulse duration. For shorter times, such as the 100 mu s point, the cable resistance is higher, approximately 500 mu Omega /m. The cable inductance is on the order of 190 nH/m for low-frequency operation and about 15% lower for short times as short as 50 mu s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Ex Vivo</i> Characterization of Particle Transport in Mucus Secretions Coating Freshly Excised Mucosal Tissues (2013)

Sustained drug delivery to mucosal surfaces has the potential to improve the effectiveness of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for numerous diseases and conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, sexually transmitted diseases, cystic fibrosis, glaucoma, dry eye, and various cancers. Sustained delivery systems such as nanoparticles can be useful for mucosal delivery, but recent work suggests they must penetrate the rapidly cleared mucus barrier that overlies all mucosal epithelia to achieve uniform distribution on epithelial surfaces and enhanced residence time. Thus, it is important to evaluate the mucus-penetrating ability of nanosized delivery systems in preclinical animal studies, and for administration to humans. We describe a simple ex vivo method to visualize and quantify nanoparticle transport in mucus on fresh mucosal tissues. Using this method in murine models, we observed variations in the mucus mesh at different anatomical locations, as well as cyclical variations that may have implications for mucosal delivery.
Group-theory approach to tailored electromagnetic properties of metamaterials: An inverse-problem solution (2011)

The problem of designing electromagnetic metamaterials is complicated by the pseudo-infinite parameter space governing such materials. We present a general solution based on group theory for the design and optimization of the electromagnetic properties of metamaterials. Using this framework, the fundamental properties of a metamaterial design, such as anisotropy or magnetic or electrical resonances, can be elucidated based on the symmetry class into which the unit cell falls. This provides a methodology for the inverse problem of design of the electromagnetic properties of a metamaterial. We also present simulations of a zia metamaterial that provides greater design flexibility for tuning the resonant properties of the device than a structure based on a simple split-ring resonator. The power of this zia element is demonstrated by creating bianisotropic, chiral, and biaxial designs using the inverse group-theory procedure outlined in this paper.
Origin of low-coherence enhanced backscattering (2006)

The origin of low-coherence enhanced backscattering (EBS) of light in random media when the spatial coherence length of illumination is much smaller than the transport mean free path has been poorly understood. We report that in weakly scattering discrete random media low-coherence EBS originates from time-reversed paths of double scattering. Low spatial coherence illumination dephases the time-reversed waves outside its finite coherence area, which isolates the minimal number of scattering events in EBS from higher-order scattering. Moreover, we show the first experimental evidence that the minimal number of scattering events in EBS is double scattering, which has been hypothesized since the first observation of EBS.
Improved production of <i>N</i>‐acetylglucosamine in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> by reducing glycolytic flux (2016)

Glucosamine and its derivatives are utilized in the food and biomedical industries. However, current production relies on hydrolysis of natural sources, making it difficult to maintain quality and eliminate allergenic risk. Therefore, microbial production with aid of metabolic engineering is required. We previously demonstrated production of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpressing an allosteric regulation-free Gfa1p mutant and the haloacid dehalogenase-like phosphatase YqaB. In this study, we further improved GlcNAc production by reducing glycolytic flux. Eukaryotic phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) is allosterically activated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F26BP). Disruption of PFK-2, which synthesizes F26BP, resulted in a slight decrease of GlcNAc production and no significant change of glucose consumption and ethanol production. However, when galactose was used as a sole carbon source to the strain without PFK-2, GlcNAc production was significantly increased and ethanol production was reduced, suggesting that further reduction of glycolytic flux can be used to further improve GlcNAc production. The methodology used in this study can be applied to improve production of carbohydrate derivatives in S. cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2524-2528. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1.3- μ m InGaAsN VCSELs for telecom and datacom applications (2001)

VCSELs operating at 1.3 microns are the ideal laser source for meeting the exploding demand for bandwidth in local area and metro area networks. NCSELs will eventually replace the vast majority of 1.3 micron FP and DFB edge emitting lasers currently used in these applications, since they offer lower manufacturing cost, on wafer testability, extremely narrow linewidth, a circular output beam, high speed direct modulation, and the ability to be integrated into arrays. The primary challenge in 1.3 micron VCSELs has been to find an active region material that can be grown directly on high thermal conductivity and high reflectivity GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors DBRs. In this work, we have developed MBE grown InGaAsN quantum wells that can be grown directly on GaAs substrates and integrated directly into high performance oxide VCSEL structures. We have demonstrated record room temperature CW single mode output powers in excess of 1 mW at an emission wavelength of 1287 nm. CW lasing has been observed as high as 125 degree(s)C, illustrating the excellent thermal performance of both the InGaAsN quantum wells and the GaAs/AlGaAs DBRs. Open eye diagrams were observed at 10 Gb/s, paving the way for OC-192 SONET and 10 Gb/s Ethernet applications.
Compact circular waveguide mode converters (1996)

The scattering optimization method is utilized to design compact circular waveguide mode converters, which are compared with some earlier designs. This approach is used to design a TE11 to TM11 mode converter at 9.94 GHz, which was subsequently fabricated with easily available components. At this frequency, the purity of the TM11 mode at the output of the mode converter was measured to be 98.1%, which is very close to the theoretical value of 99.5%. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New Biological Activities of Plant Proanthocyanidins (2008)

Proanthocyanidins (PACs) from cranberries, tea, and grapes interact with bacterial cell surface components. The interaction of cranberry PACs with p-fimbriae proteins of Escherichia coli has been shown to interfere with bacterial cell adhesion to mammalian cells. Here we present data on the inhibition of bacterial cell adhesion to glass surfaces mediated by cranberry PACs. The reported anti-adhesive activity is unique to PACs obtained from Vaccinium species. We further demonstrate that PACs from various sources interact with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and abrogate endocytosis of LPS. This LPS-PAC interaction can be used to remove LPS from solution providing a potential method for filtration or concentration.
Therapy From a Novel Substernal Lead (2018)

The ASD2 study demonstrated the ability to pace, sense, and defibrillate using a lead designed specifically for the substernal space.
A survey on modeling issues using the machine description language LISA (2002)

This paper presents a survey on modeling issues of programmable architectures using the machine description language LISA. Various architectures presenting diverse architectural characteristics are presented and the feasibility of automatically generating simulator, assembler, linker and graphical debugger frontend discussed. The presented approach is not limited to a fixed abstraction level-case studies of the Texas Instruments C62/spl times/ and C54/spl times/, the Analog Devices ADSP2101 as well as the ARM7 show the applicability of the methodology from cycle/phase to instruction accurate models.
Abstract 15067: Serum-Free Cardiac Stem Cells Provide a Superior Therapeutic Product for Clinical Translation (2016)

Cardiac stem cell (CSC) therapies represent an emerging treatment option but clinical translation is limited by the use of ill-defined culture components such as fetal bovine serum. Following previ...
Photochemical Reactions of Pyrethroid Insecticides (1977)

Natural and synthetic pyrethroids undergo one or more of the following types of reactions upon photolysis in organic solvents (hexane, methanol), in water or as thin films: isomerization of the cyclopropane ring and of alkenyl substituents; oxidation of functional groups in the acid and alcohol moieties; reductive dehalogenation of dihalovinyl substituents; photoelimination of carbon dioxide, particularly with α-cyanobenzyl compounds; ester bond cleavage yielding the free acid and alcohol moieties; dimerization of free radicals generated during the photolysis process; further photodecomposition of ester cleavage products. The relative importance of these reactions is dependent upon the structure of the pyrethroid and the photolysis conditions.
Europium and terbium chelators as candidate substrates for enzyme-labelled time-resolved fluorimetric immunoassays (1992)

Thirty-three candidate flurogenic chelators for Eu3+ and Tb3+ were examined. Ten were found to form highly fluorescent complexes with Eu3+ and five with Tb3+. In all cases, the fluorescence observed was lanthanide-specific, long-lived and was monitored by microsecond time-resolved fluorimetry. The fluorogenic chelators could be quantified, in the presence of an excess of lanthanide, at levels of < 1 × 10–8 mol l–1 in all but one case. Two new fluorogenic chelators could form ternary complexes with Eu3+ and Tb3+, in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The structures of the chelators identified are such that enzyme substrates could be developed and used for enzyme-labelled time-resolved fluorimetric immunoassays. It was found that one of the new chelators identified, 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, which forms fluorescent, long-lived complexes with Eu3+, could be split by alkaline phosphatase to phosphate and 4-methylumbelliferone, which does not form fluorescent complexes with Eu3+. Based on this, highly sensitive immunoassays for thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine in human serum were developed. It is anticipated that some of the identified chelators could be transformed into enzyme substrates suitable for highly sensitive, enzyme-labelled time-resolved fluorimetric immunoassays.
Antibody targeting of Cathepsin S induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (2011)

This data highlights the potential to target cell surface associated enzymes, such as cathepsin S, as therapeutic targets using antibodies capable of elicitingADCC in tumor cells.
A single LC tank self-compensated CMOS oscillator with frequency stability of ±100ppm from −40°C to 85°C (2012)

This work presents a new all CMOS Self-Compensated Oscillator (SCO) that is highly stable across temperature and is utilized as a reference clock source. The new architecture utilizes an innovative phase shift technique that adjusts the phase of the tank at a specific Temperature Null (TNULL) phase where the frequency deviation across temperature is minimized. The single LC tank architecture used in the new oscillator reduces die area significantly compared to a previously reported dual LC tank architecture. The new oscillator achieves a total frequency stability of ±100ppm across temperature (-40-85°C), supply (3.0-3.6V) and load (0-15pF). CMOS output frequencies from 1-133MHz can be produced with a 2.8ps rms period jitter and 7mA current consumption at 25MHz output.
A bottom-up engineered broadband optical nanoabsorber for radiometry and energy and harnessing applications (2013)

Optical absorbers based on vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), synthesized using electric-field assisted growth, are described here that show an ultra-low reflectance, 100X lower compared to Au-black from wavelength λ ~ 350 nm - 2.5 μm. A bi-metallic Co/Ti layer was shown to catalyze a high site density of MWCNTs on metallic substrates and the optical properties of the absorbers were engineered by controlling the bottom-up synthesis conditions using dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Reflectance measurements on the MWCNT absorbers after heating them in air to 400°C showed negligible changes in reflectance which was still low, ~0.022 % at λ ~ μm. In contrast, the percolated structure of the reference Aublack samples collapsed completely after heating, causing the optical response to degrade at temperatures as low as 200°C. The high optical absorption efficiency of the MWCNT absorbers, synthesized on metallic substrates, over a broad spectral range, coupled with their thermal ruggedness, suggests they have promise in solar energy harnessing applications, as well as thermal detectors for radiometry.
Low rank sparsity prior for robust video anomaly detection (2014)

Recently, sparsity based classification has been applied to video anomaly detection. A linear model is assumed over video features (e.g. trajectories) such that the feature representation of a new event is written as a sparse linear combination of existing feature representations in the dictionary. Sparsity based video anomaly detection shows promise but open challenges remain in that existing methods assume object specific and class specific event dictionaries making them applicable mostly in highly structured scenarios. Second, using conventional sparsity models on matrices/vectors, the computational burden is often high. In this work, we advocate a more general and practical sparsity model using a low-rank structure on the matrix of sparse coefficients. We find that enforcing a low-rank structure can ease the rigidity of traditional row-sparse constraints on sparse coefficient vectors/matrices. Because low-rank matrices are of course not always sparse, an additional l <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> regularization term is added. Further, if rank is substituted by its convex nuclear norm alternative, then significant computational benefits can be obtained over existing methods in sparsity based video anomaly detection. Experimental evaluation on benchmark video datasets reveal, our method is competitive with state-of-the art while providing robustness benefits under occlusion.
Optical phase-conjugate correction for propagation distortion in nonreciprocal media (1987)

We demonstrate experimentally that the effects of nonreciprocal elements or media that would otherwise spoil phase conjugation can be neutralized by using a tandem combination of a modal- and polarization-scrambling fiber and a phase-conjugate mirror. A theoretical model to explain the experimental results is presented.
On the application of multiuser detection in multibeam satellite systems (2015)

We study the achievable rates by a single user in multibeam satellite scenarios. We show alternatives to the conventional symbol-by-symbol detection applied at user terminals. Single user detection is known to suffer from strong degradation when the terminal is located near the edge of the coverage area, and when aggressive frequency reuse is adopted. For this reason, we consider multiuser detection, and take into account the strongest interfering signal. Moreover, we analyze a different transmission strategy, where the signals from two adjacent beams jointly serve two users in a time division multiplexing fashion. We describe an information-theoretic framework to compare different transmission/detection strategies by computing the information rate of the user in the reference beam.
A Proposal for Astronomical Adaptive Optics by Incoherent Digital Holography (2012)

A new type of adaptive optics system is proposed for astronomical imaging. It replaces the wavefront sensing and modulation hardware pieces of conventional adaptive optics with numerical processing capabilities of digital holography of incoherent sources.
High-Order Resonant Modes in an Antenna Coupled Terahertz 2D Plasmonic Detector (2010)

We demonstrate excitation of terahertz 2D plasmons in a grating-gated transistor at the vertex of a broadband antenna. This functions as a plasmonic crystal, with modes associated with both the grating period and channel length.
Broadband tapered printed quadrifilar helical antenna (2001)

A method to increase the bandwidth of a printed quadrifilar helical antenna is investigated. The wire width is modified all along the antenna without changing the other geometrical parameters. A new broadband tapered printed quadrifilar helical antenna is realised and measured.