gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereocontrol in the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. 4. A remarkable effect of overlap requirements in the connecting chain (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrol in the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. 4. A remarkable effect of overlap requirements in the connecting chainRobert K. Boeckman Jr. and Donald M. DemkoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 9, 1789–1792Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00348a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00348a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views600Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The use of short-term tests in detecting carcinogenicity of complex mixtures. (1990)

Since it is not feasible to test all substances in long-term animal studies, short-term tests for DNA damage, gene mutation, aneuploidy, chromosomal damage and cell transformation performed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in vitro and in vivo are used to test pure chemicals and mixtures. Understanding the contribution of mutagens in air, water and food is important to our way of life; methods of sampling and testing such mutagens are discussed in this review.
Dipole decomposition mask design for full-chip implementation at 100-nm technology node and beyond (2002)

For cost-effective Integrated Circuit (IC) manufacturing, it is highly desirable to use Binary-Chrome Masks (BIMs) instead of Phase Shifting Masks (PSMs). For the 70nm technology node, it is of particularly appealing if Argon Fluoride (ArF) BIMs can still be used. In this paper, we demonstrate that double dipole ArF exposure together with BIMs is capable of achieving acceptable overlapped process window for printing 70nm Critical Dimension (CD) features. The main challenge of using such a technique for IC manufacturing is how to properly decompose the original mask patterns into two separate orientation masks (vertical and horizontal). To compensate for the possible two-dimensional (2D) pattern distortion due to the strong proximity effect, a novel set of
Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway in prostate cancer: Challenges and opportunities (Review) (2014)

The PI3K/Akt pathway is an actively pursued therapeutic target in oncology. In prostate cancer, the activation of this pathway appears to be characteristic of many aggressive prostate cancers. Further, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is more frequently observed as prostate cancer progresses toward a resistant, metastatic disease. Signalling from this pathway activates numerous survival, growth, metabolic and metastatic functions characteristic of aggressive cancer. Biomarkers of this pathway have correlated activation of this pathway to high grade disease and higher risk of disease progression. Therefore there is significant interest in developing effective strategies to target this pathway in prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the pre-clinical and clinical data relevant to targeting of the PI3K/Akt pathway in prostate cancer. In particular, we review the rationale and relevance of co-targeting approaches against the PI3K/Akt pathway. It is anticipated that through an improved understanding of the biology of the PI3K/Akt pathway in prostate cancer, relevant biomarkers and rationale combination therapies will optimize targeting of this pathway to improve outcomes among patients with aggressive prostate cancer.
Alcaligenes is Commensal Bacteria Habituating in the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue for the Regulation of Intestinal IgA Responses (2012)

Secretory-immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) plays an important role in immunological defense in the intestine. It has been known for a long time that microbial stimulation is required for the development and maintenance of intestinal IgA production. Recent advances in genomic technology have made it possible to detect uncultivable commensal bacteria in the intestine and identify key bacteria in the regulation of innate and acquired mucosal immune responses. In this review, we focus on the immunological function of Peyer's patches (PPs), a major gut-associated lymphoid tissue, in the induction of intestinal IgA responses and the unique immunological interaction of PPs with commensal bacteria, especially Alcaligenes, a unique indigenous bacteria habituating inside PPs.
Flow Battery Molecular Reactant Stability Determined by Symmetric Cell Cycling Methods (2018)

We present an unbalanced compositionally-symmetric flow cell method for revealing and quantifying different mechanisms for capacity fade in redox flow batteries that are based on molecular energy storage. We utilize it, accompanied in some cases by a corresponding static-cell cycling method, to study capacity fade in cells comprising anthraquinone di-sulfonate, di-hydroxy anthraquinone, iron hexacyanide, methyl viologen, and bis-trimethylammoniopropyl viologen. In all cases the cycling capacity decay is reasonably consistent with exponential in time and is independent of the number of charge-discharge cycles imposed. By introducing pauses at various states of charge of the capacity-limiting side during cycling, we show that in some cases the temporal fade time constant is dependent on the state of charge. These observations suggest that molecular lifetime is dominated by chemical rather than electrochemical mechanisms. These mechanisms include irrecoverable chemical decomposition and recoverable interactions with cell materials. We conclude with recommendations for cell cycling protocols for evaluating stability of single electrolytes.
Confirmation and Quantitation of Selected Sulfonylurea, Imidazolinone, and Sulfonamide Herbicides in Surface Water Using Electrospray LC/MS (1998)

A multianalyte method has been developed for the confirmation and quantitation of 16 selected sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and sulfonamide herbicides in surface water. Samples are acidified, the analytes are extracted using RP-102 extraction cartridges, and the extracts are cleaned-up using an anion-exchange cartridge (SAX) stacked on top of an alumina cartridge. The final extracts are evaporated to dryness, redissolved in 10:90 or 20:80 acetonitrile/water, and analyzed using electrospray LC/MS. Confirmation criteria were defined so that identification of the analytes could be made with a reasonable degree of scientific certainty. Confirmation required that (1) LC/MS retention times of the analytes be within 1% of the retention times of the standards, (2) the molecular ion and two characteristic fragment ions per analyte be present, and (3) ion abundance ratios of the fragment ions relative to the molecular ion be within 20% of the ion ratios obtained for the standards. Each of the analytes in all of the samples used to validate this method met these confirmation criteria. Quantitation of the analytes at 0.1 and 1.0 ppb was demonstrated, with average recoveries between 70% and 114% and relative standard deviations that were less than 13%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for this method is 0.1 ppb (ng/mL) for all analytes. Six water types were used for the validation of this method.
The Correlation of Interfacial Interaction and Catalytic Performance of N-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Supported Cobalt Nanoparticles for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (2013)

The interfacial interaction between active species and supports is of significance for the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts. Accordingly, the N-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) was employed to support cobalt nanoparticles for insight into the nature of interfacial interaction and the reactivity of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Through a series of characterization techniques, it is found that the nitrogen incorporated into the carbonaceous framework, especially the sp2-type nitrogen, eventually functions as heterogeneous sites for the nucleation and growth of cobalt species. Owing to the unique structure of NMC supports, a pronounced electron transfer from the NMC supports to cobalt oxide particles takes place at the interface. The solid-state interfacial interaction significantly affects the dispersion and reduction behavior of cobalt species on the NMC substrates, resulting in the shift of the reduction peak of small particles toward high temperature, which ultimately shapes an unusual catalytic feature in the FTS. The cobalt-specific activity experiences the transition from the increasing stage to the decreasing stage and the turnover frequency increases first and then levels off with the increase in particle size. The product selectivity is also found to shift toward light hydrocarbon for the NMC supported small cobalt particles.
HIV-1 subtype C envelope characteristics associated with divergent rates of chronic disease progression (2010)

These data suggest that separate regions of envelope are under differential selective forces, and that envelope evolution differs based on disease course. Differences between slow progressors and progressors may reflect differences in immunological pressure and immune evasion mechanisms. These data also indicate that the pattern of envelope evolution is an important correlate of disease progression in chronic HIV-1 subtype C infection.
Recovering system of the distorted speech using interactive genetic algorithms (2002)

This paper investigates the application of an interactive GA to speech signal processing. Three users design a filter to enhance speech using the interactive GA. The quality of the three 3 filters are evaluated on speech samples by 32 subjects on the basis of 2 subjective criteria. The authors' results show that the interactive GA is effective for this task from a statistical test point of view.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2007)

Caution is required to interpret the results. First, there were methodological issues, including high attrition, issues regarding measurement instruments and clinical usefulness of outcomes, often variously defined across trials. Second, patients seen in clinical practice are likely to be more unwell, and at greater risk of suicide, compared to those in the trials, and it is unclear how this group would respond to SSRIs. This needs to be considered, along with the evidence of an increased risk of suicide related outcomes in those treated with SSRIs. It is unclear what the effect of SSRIs is on suicide completion. While untreated depression is associated with the risk of completed suicide and impacts on functioning, it is unclear whether SSRIs would modify this risk in a clinically meaningful way.
Digital picture restoration and enhancement for quality archiving (2003)

Digital restoration is a process in which an existing hard copy photograph is converted into a digital image. After an image stack has been acquired it may be preprocessed to improve image quality prior to 3-D reconstruction. The preprocessing usually involves application of image filters (mathematical algorithms implemented in software) to the entire data set to remove noise and artifacts, smooth or sharpen the images, or to correct for problems with contrast and/or brightness. Median and Gaussian filters have the general affect of smoothing images. These are used to eliminate noise and background artifacts and to smooth sharp edges, but also tend to remove some of the detail in small objects.
New paradigms for visualization (2002)

The control of color is a key element in the emerging area of scientific visualization. The fundamental problem of device-dependent color is described. Device-dependent color means that the displayed color depends primarily upon the characteristics of the display device. Different displays, even of the same manufacturer and model, will display the same input signal differently. The solution to the color consistency problem lies in the development and acceptance of a device-independent color space which defines the color objectively. Any device using the color space then translates the device-independent color into its own color space. The fidelity of the color is maintained through a calibration of the device such that the gamma and colorimetric characteristics of all devices are known. The TekColor device-independent color space is described in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rabphilin Knock-Out Mice Reveal That Rabphilin Is Not Required for Rab3 Function in Regulating Neurotransmitter Release (1999)

Rab3A and rab3C are GTP-binding proteins of synaptic vesicles that regulate vesicle exocytosis. Rabphilin is a candidate rab3 effector at the synapse because it binds to rab3s in a GTP-dependent manner, it is co-localized with rab3s on synaptic vesicles, and it dissociates with rab3s from the vesicles during exocytosis. Rabphilin contains two C(2) domains, which could function as Ca(2+) sensors in exocytosis and is phosphorylated as a function of stimulation. However, it is unknown what essential function, if any, rabphilin performs. One controversial question regards the respective roles of rab3s and rabphilin in localizing each other to synaptic vesicles: although rabphilin is mislocalized in rab3A knock-out mice, purified synaptic vesicles were shown to require rabphilin for binding of rab3A but not rab3A for binding of rabphilin. To test whether rabphilin is involved in localizing rab3s to synaptic vesicles and to explore the functions of rabphilin in regulating exocytosis, we have now analyzed knock-out mice for rabphilin. Mice that lack rabphilin are viable and fertile without obvious physiological impairments. In rabphilin-deficient mice, rab3A is targeted to synaptic vesicles normally, whereas in rab3A-deficient mice, rabphilin transport to synapses is impaired. These results show that rabphilin binds to vesicles via rab3s, consistent with an effector function of rabphilin for a synaptic rab3-signal. Surprisingly, however, no abnormalities in synaptic transmission or plasticity were observed in rabphilin-deficient mice; synaptic properties that are impaired in rab3A knock-out mice were unchanged in rabphilin knock-out mice. Our data thus demonstrate that rabphilin is endowed with the properties of a rab3 effector but is not essential for the regulatory functions of rab3 in synaptic transmission.
Scarring alopecia and the dermatopathologist (2001)

The histologic features of five forms of cicatricial alopecia are reviewed. Dermatopathologists can utilize a "checklist" to catalog the diagnostic features of scalp biopsy specimens. In many, but not all, cases the information thus acquired will "match" the clinical and histologic characteristics of a form of cicatricial alopecia. However, because of histologic and clinical overlap between the forms of cicatricial alopecia, a definitive diagnosis cannot always be rendered.
Osmanlı Arşivinde Bulunan Arapça Belgelerden Örnekler (2021)

The aim of this article is to inform researchers that there are many documents in the Ottoman Archives prepared in the Arabic language. Among them, the most influential collections are Waqf deeds. The number of Arabic Waqf deeds is more than we expected. They were prepared by the Sultans, Grand viziers, and Pashas of different fields and several other service persons at the Palaces such as Agha-i Dârusse’âde and others at the service of Sultans. Mahdhars are the round robins signed by the many nobles in a community and emphasize the importance of interaction between the citizens and the highest administrators in the Ottoman Empire. When the people were not happy with the local administrators, they prepared a report to submit directly to the Sultan or other high authorities of the administration. Of these round robins (called Mahzars in the Ottoman language), they are in Turkish, Arabic, and other languages used by local people in the wide geography of the Ottoman Empire. Some commonly signed documents are in rarely used languages, such as Serbian, Hebrew, or Greek, because the Ottoman administration did not force their citizens (Teb’a-yı ‘Othmani ) to use the Turkish language in their daily communications. Therefore, today, people rarely speak Turkish in Arab and Balkan countries. Using languages other than Turkish in documents was perhaps a demonstration of the understanding and respect of the Ottoman Administration toward the local languages, religious beliefs, and local cultures. Another collection of Arabic documents in the Ottoman Archives was Nâme-i Humâyûn, namely, Sultan’s letters and correspondence with the rulers of Muslim states. Among the Muslim states are the rulers of Fas (Maghrib), Oman, and Iran. The letters sent to the Ameer of Mecca were in Arabic, accompanied with a Turkish copy. Another important collection in this category was the Muhimme Defterleri (Divan records), which sometimes include the Arabic records, especially the orders sent to the governors of the Arab countries, for example, Egypt and Baghdad. Therefore, Egypt registrations (Muhimme records of Egypt) constitute a crucial source for our subject in this article. Arabic-speaking researchers can easily pursue their research work at the Ottoman Archive without difficulty. Documenting this rich cultural heritage will enable researchers should they undertake further studies.
Resilient Boot (2021)

As security continues to permeate embedded systems, it remains largely at odds with other performance metrics such as speed. Time-critical computing systems need to meet strict timing requirements and often cannot afford to add security checks. The impact of these checks is particularly evident before the systems are configured to run at full speed, or during booting. This paper describes a method that allows to speed up the boot process by relying on seemingly unorthodox infrastructure in nonvolatile memories. The additional infrastructure requires positive confirmation—which can be deferred and come after booting— for the system to continue performing application-specific actions. In the event of failure to provide confirmation, the infrastructure initiates a recovery process.
[1]Benzothieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]benzothiophene-Based Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2016)

Three new metal-free organic dyes with the [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) π-bridge, having the structure donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) and labeled as 19, 20 and 21, have been designed and synthesized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Once the design of the π-acceptor block was fixed, containing the BTBT as the π-bridge and the cyanoacrylic group as the electron acceptor and anchoring unit, we selected three donor units with different electron-donor capacity, in order to assemble new chromophores with high molar extinction coefficients (ε), whose absorption features well reflect the good performance of the final DSSC devices. Starting with the 19 dye, which shows a molar extinction coefficient ε of over 14,000 M(-1) cm(-1) and takes into account the absorption maximun at the longer wavelength, the substitution of the BFT donor unit with the BFA yields a great enhancement of absorptivity (molar extinction coefficient ε > 42,000 M(-1) cm(-1)), until reaching the higher value (ε > 69,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) with the BFPhz donor unit. The good general photovoltaic performances obtained with the three dyes highlight the suitable properties of electron-transport of the BTBT as the π-bridge in organic chromophore for DSSC, making this very cheap and easy to synthesize molecule particularly attractive for efficient and low-cost photovoltaic devices.
Hemodynamics and Myocardial Metabolism after Acute ??-Adrenergic Blockade in Coronary Patients (1984)

Moffitt, Emerson MD; Sethna, Dhun MD; Bussell, John MD; Raymond, Marjorie RN; Matloff, Jack MD; Gray, Richard MD Author Information
Směřování do Evropy – Česká republika a Evropská unie (1995)

The Road to Europe – The Czech Republic and the European Union
Grazing-incidence spectrograph (1994)

A novel compact spectrograph, based on double diffraction by a strip-shaped grating at a grazing angle combined with a tuning mirror, is theoretically discussed. In this configuration the emerging light illuminates a large number of grooves, leading to high spectral resolution. It is shown that with large f-number optics, using a detector array, one may obtain high resolution in spite of the compact spectrograph structure. At grazing incidence the transmission and dispersion of the spectrograph depend strongly on wavelength. The grating's low efficiency and the large f-number may be compensated for by an efficient data acquisition, which may be attained with a detector array. An advantage of the geometry is that most of the original beam may be obtained as a collimated output through the zero-order reflection from the fixed grating.
InGaN/GaN quantum well interconnected microdisk light emitting diodes (2000)

Interconnected microdisk light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) have been fabricated from InGaN/GaN single quantum wells grown by low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition. These interconnected μ-disk LEDs fit into the same device area taken up by a conventional broad-area LED. The performance characteristic of these interconnected μ-disk LEDs, including I–V and L–I characteristics as well as electroluminescence spectra have been measured and compared with those of the conventional broad-area LEDs. For interconnected μ-disk LEDs, while VF, the forward biased voltage at 20 mA, was slightly increased, the emission efficiency was increased by as much as 60% over the conventional LEDs for a fixed device area. The results thus suggested that replacing a conventional broad-area LED with an interconnected μ-disk LED, the external quantum efficiency can be significantly enhanced. Finally, the fabrication processes of the interconnected μ-disk LEDs are almost the same as those of the conventional broad-area LEDs. It is thus expected the total yield of these interconnected μ-disk LEDs to be the same as the conventional broad-area LEDs. The present method of utilizing interconnected μ-disk LEDs for improving the brightness of LEDs is applicable to other semiconductor LEDs as well as polymer and organic LEDs.