gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Neuronal Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis (2001)

Demyelination caused by inflammation of the CNS has been considered to be a major hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of MS, we demonstrate that an immune-mediated attack of the optic nerve is accompanied by an early degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The decrease of neuronal cell density was correlated with functional disabilities as assessed by visual evoked cortical potentials and electroretinogram. Visual acuity was significantly reduced. DNA degradation and activation of caspase-3 in RGCs indicate that cell death of RGCs is apoptotic. These findings show for the first time that an inflammatory attack against myelin components can lead to acute neuronal cell loss by apoptosis.
Take the Money and Run (2013)

Continuing his focus on cross-cutting themes, Nigel Davies closes out 2013 by highlighting the role of payments in pervasive computing systems.
A renewable HSO3/H2PO3-grafted polyethylene fiber catalyst: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose in water (2013)

Irradiation-induced co-grafting of acrylonitrile and vinylsulfonic acid (or vinylphosphonic acid) monomers on polyethylene fiber was studied for the heterogeneous catalysis of fructose dehydration into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) solely in water. The acidic co-polymer exhibited excellent catalytic activity and maintained a high yield after being regenerated. We attribute these catalytic properties to a branched environment created by grafted chains, hydrophilic enough to interact with fructose in water but collectively dense enough to form a unique local phase mimicking organic solvents.
Small cell carcinoma of the major salivary glands: An immunohistochemical study (1990)

Small cell carcinomas of the major salivary glands are rare tumors, accounting for less than 1% of malignant neoplasms at these sites. To date, approximately 41 such tumors have been described. They recently have been classified into two groups, based on the ultrastructural presence or absence of intracytoplasmic neuroendocrine (NE) granules, "small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma" and "small cell ductal carcinoma". This study concerns 11 primary small cell carcinomas that had been previously studied ultrastructurally; it was undertaken to determine whether these lesions possessed a neuroendocrine phenotype, using a battery of immunohistochemical stains. Antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CK), Leu 7, vimentin (VIM), synaptophysin (SYN), chromogranin (CHR), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were employed, with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique and paraffin sections. All tumors in this study expressed at least one neuroendocrine marker. In eight tumors EMA was found; CK was present in all 11 cases, seven of which demonstrated focal paranuclear staining. Leu 7 was seen in eight tumors, VIM was expressed in two cases, SYN was found in three tumors, and CHR was detected in three neoplasms. Anti-neuron-specific enolase labeled eight tumors. From the preceding data one may conclude that all small cell salivary gland carcinomas have neuroendocrine characteristics, even though dense core granules cannot be demonstrated in some of them ultrastructurally.
Breast cancer image classification using artificial neural networks (2017)

Breast cancer (BC) mostly develops on women breast region. Regular check ups are crucial for early detection and treatment of this cancer type. Pathologist performs the diagnosis of the breast cancer. Recent computer-aided methods for breast cancer diagnosis allow another and faster way of breast cancer diagnosis. Therefore, improvement of computer-aided methods has been developing for the breast cancer detection. In this paper, a method for automatic classification of images for breast cancer diagnosis is presented. Classification of the images is achieved using Back Propagation Neural Network (BPPN). The performance of the automatic classification of the breast cancer images is further improved by using radial basis neural networks (RBFN). The accuracies of the BPNN and RBFN are also reported 59.0% and 70.4% respectively.
Photorealistic rendering of mixed reality scenes (2015)

Abstract Photo‐realistic rendering of virtual objects into real scenes is one of the most important research problems in computer graphics. Methods for capture and rendering of mixed reality scenes are driven by a large number of applications, ranging from augmented reality to visual effects and product visualization. Recent developments in computer graphics, computer vision, and imaging technology have enabled a wide range of new mixed reality techniques including methods for advanced image based lighting, capturing spatially varying lighting conditions, and algorithms for seamlessly rendering virtual objects directly into photographs without explicit measurements of the scene lighting. This report gives an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in this field, and presents a categorization and comparison of current methods. Our in‐depth survey provides a tool for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and gives an overview of which technique is best suited to a specific problem.
The block symmetric ciphers in the post-quantum period (2016)

The paper displays the results of the research of symmetric cryptographic transformations that can be applied while using the quantum computing systems, so to say, in post-quantum period. For this purpose, we carried out the analysis and comparative study of the most common cryptographic algorithms that are standardized at the international and national levels, and also examined their ability to provide security services in post-quantum period.
Adaptive filtering using Hartley transform and overlap-save method (1991)

A novel method of implementing FIR (finite impulse response) adaptive filters using the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and the overlap-save method is proposed. It not only has the advantage of fast convergence for highly correlated input signals, but also provides a significant reduction in computation over the conventional time-domain and frequency-domain least mean square (LMS) adaptive filters. Compared with the previously proposed unconstrained frequency-domain FLMS algorithm, the convergence performance is similar, but an approximate saving of 30% in computation can be obtained for the usual filter length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling and optimization of atomic layer deposition processes on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (2014)

Many energy conversion and storage devices exploit structured ceramics with large interfacial surface areas. Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays have emerged as possible scaffolds to support large surface area ceramic layers. However, obtaining conformal and uniform coatings of ceramics on structures with high aspect ratio morphologies is non-trivial, even with atomic layer deposition (ALD). Here we implement a diffusion model to investigate the effect of the ALD parameters on coating kinetics and use it to develop a guideline for achieving conformal and uniform thickness coatings throughout the depth of ultra-high aspect ratio structures. We validate the model predictions with experimental data from ALD coatings of VACNT arrays. However, the approach can be applied to predict film conformality as a function of depth for any porous topology, including nanopores and nanowire arrays.
FAIT DIVERS E REDES SOCIAIS NA COBERTURA DA TRAGÉDIA EM SANTA MARIA (RS) PELA FOLHA DE SÃO PAULO (2013)

O site de noticias Folha de Sao Paulo utilizou o Twitter e o Facebook como fonte na cobertura do incendio da boate Kiss, localizada na cidade de Santa Maria, RS, em janeiro de 2013.  A cobertura, com caracteristicas do Fait Divers, definido por Barthes (1966), mostra mudancas na producao da noticia e tambem a busca do jornalista pelo auxilio imagetico no desmembramento das noticias de tragedias para garantir um numero satisfatorio de acessos. Palavras-chave: Folha de Sao Paulo.  Santa Maria – RS. Redes Sociais. Fait Divers. Abstract: The  News site Folha de Sao Paulo used the  twitter  and the  facebook    as a source  in the  coverage of the fire in the nightclub kiss, located  in the city of Santa Maria, RS, in January of 2013. The coverage with character  from fait divers , defined by Barthes (1966), show changes in the production of the news and also the search of the journalist by the ad imagery at the  dismemberment of the tragic news to ensure a satisfactory number of acess. Keywords : folha de Sao  Paulo. Santa Maria – RS. Social networks. Fait Divers
TLR4 Ligands Augment Antigen-Specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocyte Responses Elicited by a Viral Vaccine Vector (2010)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are critical activators of innate immunity and are being developed as vaccine adjuvants. However, their utility in conjunction with viral vector-based vaccines remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a variety of TLR ligands on antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses elicited by a recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 (rAd26) vector expressing simian immunodeficiency virus Gag in mice. The TLR3 ligand poly(I:C) suppressed Gag-specific cellular immune responses, whereas the TLR4 ligands lipopolysaccharide and monophosphoryl lipid A substantially augmented the magnitude and functionality of these responses by a MyD88- and TRIF-dependent mechanism. These data demonstrate that TLR ligands can modulate the immunogenicity of viral vaccine vectors both positively and negatively. Moreover, these findings suggest the potential utility of TLR4 ligands as adjuvants for rAd vector-based vaccines.
Glomerular number and size in Milan hypertensive and normotensive rats (2004)

These data indicate that structural changes other than a tubular defect may play a role in the development of hypertension in MHS rats. The lack of significant glomerular hypertrophy and damage in this strain, despite reduced glomerular number, could be related to their (haemodynamic) protection from hypertensive renal disease, possibly due to the hypertrophy of intrarenal arteries. The larger size of glomeruli of MNS rats may be linked to their susceptibility to glomerulosclerosis.
Porphyrin chemistry pertaining to the design of anti-cancer drugs; part 1, the synthesis of porphyrins containing <i>meso</i>-pyridyl and <i>meso</i>-substituted phenyl functional groups (1994)

Condensation of pyrrole with a benzaldehyde and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde mixture yields the six possible meso-substituted phenyl or pyridyl porphyrins. Nitration of four of these has yielded 13 other porphyrins containing one to four 4-nitrophenyl moieties, and SnCl 2 reduction of eight of these nitrophenylporphyrins gives the corresponding 4-aminophenyl(phenyl)- or 4-aminophenyl(phenyl)(4-pyridyl)-porphyrins. Twelve of the porphyrins are new, but all 27 are fully characterized by 1 H NMR; resonances for every proton within each of the phenyl, pyridyl, and pyrrole rings are assigned. Trends in UV–VIS data are discussed, while IR and mass spectral data are noted for selected porphyrins.
Benefits of Commodity Investment (2001)

While various commodity investments performed poorly during the 1990s, in the latter part of the decade, various commodities experienced improved return performance. In this paper, the sources of potential return benefits are reviewed including the impact of commodity volatility on convenience yield.
L'Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (1997)

S'il est une place privilégiée à donner aux disciples de M. Cohen, c'est bien à ceux qui lui ont directement succédé. A J. Tubiana d'abord, et à ces élèves ensuite. Mais c'est aussi, paradoxalement, par le biais de cette institution que nous allons retrouver le prédécesseur de M. Cohen, C. Mondon-Vidailhet, ainsi que ses émules. En effet, si l'enseignement des Langues O’ perpétue le magister de M. Cohen, c'est-à-dire une approche de l'Ethiopie privilégiant l'étude savante de sa langue, il est...
What to Expect When the Unexpected Becomes Expected: Harmonic Surprise and Preference Over Time in Popular Music (2021)

Previous work demonstrates that music with more <i>surprising</i> chords tends to be perceived as more enjoyable than music with more conventional harmonic structures. In that work, harmonic surprise was computed based upon a static distribution of chords. This would assume that harmonic surprise is constant over time, and the effect of harmonic surprise on music preference is similarly static. In this study we assess that assumption and establish that the relationship between harmonic surprise (as measured according to a specific time period) and music preference is not constant as time goes on. Analyses of harmonic surprise and preference from 1958 to 1991 showed increased harmonic surprise over time, and that this increase was significantly more pronounced in preferred songs. Separate analyses showed similar increases over the years from 2000 to 2019. As such, these findings provide evidence that the human perception of tonality is influenced by exposure. Baseline harmonic expectations that were developed through listening to the music of "yesterday" are violated in the music of "today," leading to preference. Then, once the music of "today" provides the baseline expectations for the music of "tomorrow," more pronounced violations-and with them, higher harmonic surprise values-become associated with preference formation. We call this phenomenon the "Inflationary-Surprise Hypothesis." Support for this hypothesis could impact the understanding of how the perception of tonality, and other statistical regularities, are developed in the human brain.
Partial purification and characterization of RTG-2 fish cell interferon (1975)

Interferon produced by rainbow trout gonadal cells (RTG-2) was partially purified. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of this in vitro produced fish cell interferon were studied. Purification was achieved by ultracentrifugation, molecular sieve gel chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of RTG-2 interferon, as determined by CM-Sephadex (C-50) chromatography, was 7.1. Filtration through Sephadex G-150 showed that RTG-2 interferon had a molecular weight of 94,000. The partially purified material was not sedimented at 105,000 times g for 2 h at 4 C. The fish cell interferon was non-dialyzable and exhibited heat and pH stability. The partially purified material was inactivated by treatment with trypsin or 2-mercaptoethanol, but was resistant to treatment with deoxyribonuclease or ribonuclease. RTG-2 interferon which was induced by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus exhibited antiviral activity against challenge with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus or infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Partially purified RTG-2 interferon exhibited greater species specificity than the crude material.
Natural killer cells and cancer: Regulation by the killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) (2009)

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effector cells that make up approximately 10-15% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in humans and are primarily involved in immunosurveillance to eliminate transformed and virally-infected cells. They were originally defined by their ability to spontaneously eliminate rare cells lacking expression of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) self molecules, which is commonly referred to as "missing self" recognition. The molecular basis for missing self recognition emerges from the expression of MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors on the NK cell surface that tolerize NK cells toward normal MHC-I-expressing cells. By lacking inhibitory receptor ligands, tumor cells or virus-infected cells that have down-modulated surface MHC-I expression become susceptible to attack by NK cells. Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR; CD158) constitute a family of MHC-I binding receptors that plays a major role in regulating the activation thresholds of NK cells and some T cells in humans. Here, we review the multiple levels of KIR diversity that contribute to the generation of a highly varied NK cell repertoire and explain how this diversity can influence susceptibility to a variety of diseases, including cancer. We further describe strategies by which KIR can be manipulated therapeutically to treat cancer, through the exploitation of KIR/MHC-I ligand mismatch to potentiate hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the use of KIR blockade to enhance tumor cell killing.
The HILDA program (1991)

Although this report is called a program document, it is not simply a user`s guide to running HILDA nor is it a programmer`s guide to maintaining and updating HILDA. It is a guide to HILDA as a program and as a model for designing and costing a heavy ion fusion (HIF) driver. HILDA represents the work and ideas of many people; as does the model upon which it is based. The project was initiated by Denis Keefe, the leader of the LBL HIFAR project. He suggested the name HILDA, which is an acronym for Heavy Ion Linac Driver Analysis. The conventions and style of development of the HILDA program are based on the original goals. It was desired to have a computer program that could estimate the cost and find an optimal design for Heavy Ion Fusion induction linac drivers. This program should model near-term machines as well as fullscale drivers. The code objectives were: (1) A relatively detailed, but easily understood model. (2) Modular, structured code to facilitate making changes in the model, the analysis reports, and the user interface. (3) Documentation that defines, and explains the system model, cost algorithm, program structure, and generated reports. With this tool a knowledgeable user would be able to examine an ensemble of drivers and find the driver that is minimum in cost, subject to stated constraints. This document contains a report section that describes how to use HILDA, some simple illustrative examples, and descriptions of the models used for the beam dynamics and component design. Associated with this document, as files on floppy disks, are the complete HILDA source code, much information that is needed to maintain and update HILDA, and some complete examples. These examples illustrate that the present version of HILDA can generate much useful information about the design of a HIF driver. They also serve as guides to what features would be useful to include in future updates. The HPD represents the current state of development of this project.
A 0.68&#x2013;1.65GHz CMOS LC voltage-controlled oscillator with small VCO-gain and step variation (2011)

A wideband CMOS LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with small VCO gain (K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VCO</sub> ) and band step variation was developed. In order to get small K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VCO</sub> and step variation across different sub-bands, 8-unit capacitor array was optimized and an additional array of varactors was introduced into the LC-tank, both of which are temperature weighted. Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS RF technology, post-layout simulation shows that the proposed VCO can be tuned from 681 MHz to1656 MHz. VCO gain is around 170 MHz/V with 17% variation across the tuning range, while the step between two sub-bands is 99 MHz. Under a 1.2 V supply, the VCO exhibits phase noise of -73dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset and phase noise -124.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier. VCO figure-of-merit (FoM) of -184.0dBc/Hz is achieved.
Ash fusion temperatures under oxidizing conditions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsh fusion temperatures under oxidizing conditionsWililam G. Lloyd, John T. Riley, Shiyong Zhou, Mark A. Risen, and Richard L. TibbittsCite this: Energy Fuels 1993, 7, 4, 490–494Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00040a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00040a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Process Analytical Chemistry (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTProcess Analytical ChemistryJerome Workman,, Mel Koch, and David J. VeltkampView Author Information Argose Incorporated, 230 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, and Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 12, 2859–2876Publication Date (Web):May 17, 2003Publication History Published online17 May 2003Published inissue 1 June 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac0301393https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0301393review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1709Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Analytical chemistry,Chemometrics,Fluorescence,Quantum mechanics,Separation science Get e-Alerts