gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-stage approach to ultrasound contrast detection (2001)

A new method for detecting ultrasound contrast agents using a three-stage pulsing sequence is proposed. The method is based on observations showing that the scattering properties of contrast agents are modified by ultrasonic insonation at high power, but remain unchanged at low power. The objective of the first stage of the pulsing sequence is to use low power pulses to obtain a high resolution reference image without altering the agent. Higher power pulses in the second stage modify the contrast agent. The third stage detects the changes imposed to the contrast agent using low power pulses. A temporal filter is proposed to discriminate contrast response from clutter signal. The method is similar to power Doppler methods in that it uses several pulses to survey the target while destroying the agent. The new idea is to separate detection and destruction to circumvent a trade-off between sensitivity and resolution. Results from in vitro experiments with three different contrast agents are presented. The results are compared with harmonic power Doppler processed from the same data and show that an improvement in sensitivity is achievable by including the high power burst in the pulsing sequence. The results also show that the proposed filter reduces clutter artifacts from moving tissue.
The Use of Venlafaxine in the Treatment of Major Depression and Major Depression Associated With Anxiety (1998)

This 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine as first-line therapy for the treatment of major depression and major depression associated with anxiety in 384 adult outpatients. Fixed total daily dosages of 75, 150, and 200 mg of venlafaxine were administered in a twice-a-day regimen. Primary efficacy parameters were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) total score, the HAM-D Depressed Mood Item, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score, and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale. Overall, a higher percentage of patients responded to venlafaxine than to placebo. Efficacy data indicated a dose-related response, most evident in the onset of clinical improvement; statistically significant improvements in some primary parameters were seen as early as 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of treatment, especially in the 150-and 200-mg/day groups. These dose-related clinical improvements continued through week 12. Venlafaxine-treated patients who had depression associated with anxiety showed significant dose-related improvements compared with placebo-treated patients; improvement was noted by scores on the HAM-D Anxiety-Psychic Item and Anxiety-Somatization Factor. Few clinically significant changes were observed in laboratory values, vital signs, or electrocardiogram tracings. Venlafaxine was generally well tolerated at all dosages. The most common study events included nausea, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, dry mouth, and asthenia, which are consistent with findings of previous studies. The current study demonstrated that 75 to 200 mg/day of venlafaxine twice daily produced a dose-related improvement in the primary efficacy parameters and in the onset of significant antidepressant effects, which was noted at weeks 1 to 2 with the highest dosage tested (200 mg/day). The study also demonstrated that these dosages of venlafaxine were safe and effective as first-line therapy for major depression and depression associated with anxiety.
2D modeling of Silicon Heterojunction Interdigitated Back Contact solar cells (2010)

Silicon Heterojunction Interdigitated Back Contact (SHJ-IBC) solar cells were studied by two dimensional modeling using Sentaurus TCAD tools. It was shown that low fill factor caused by the S-shape behavior of experimental J-V curves of standard interdigitated back contact cells can be recovered by making small openings in the intrinsic buffer layer. The small openings in the buffer layer also substantially reduce the influence of the relative dimensions of the silicon strips as when compared to cells with a continuous buffer layer.
Sketching Structured Matrices for Faster Nonlinear Regression (2013)

Motivated by the desire to extend fast randomized techniques to nonlinear lp re-gression, we consider a class of structured regression problems. These problems involve Vandermonde matrices which arise naturally in various statistical model-ing settings, including classical polynomial fitting problems, additive models and approximations to recently developed randomized techniques for scalable kernel methods. We show that this structure can be exploited to further accelerate the solution of the regression problem, achieving running times that are faster than “input sparsity”. We present empirical results confirming both the practical value of our modeling framework, as well as speedup benefits of randomized regression. 1
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity regulates osteoclast formation and function: inhibition by alendronate. (1996)

Alendronate (ALN), an aminobisphosphonate used in the treatment of osteoporosis, is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption. Its molecular target is still unknown. This study examines the effects of ALN on the activity of osteoclast protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP; protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48), called PTPepsilon. Using osteoclast-like cells generated by coculturing mouse bone marrow cells with mouse calvaria osteoblasts, we found by molecular cloning and RNA blot hybridization that PTPepsilon is highly expressed in osteoclastic cells. A purified fusion protein of PTPepsilon expressed in bacteria was inhibited by ALN with an IC50 of 2 microM. Other PTP inhibitors--orthovanadate and phenylarsine oxide (PAO)-inhibited PTPepsilon with IC50 values of 0.3 microM and 18 microM, respectively. ALN and another bisphosphonate, etidronate, also inhibited the activities of other bacterially expressed PTPs such as PTPsigma and CD45 (also called leukocyte common antigen). The PTP inhibitors ALN, orthovanadate, and PAO suppressed in vitro formation of multinucleated osteoclasts from osteoclast precursors and in vitro bone resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts (pit formation) with estimated IC50 values of 10 microM, 3 microM, and 0.05 microM, respectively. These findings suggest that tyrosine phosphatase activity plays an important role in osteoclast formation and function and is a putative molecular target of bisphosphonate action.
FPGA-based acceleration of neural network for ranking in web search engine with a streaming architecture (2009)

Web search engine companies are intensively running learning to rank algorithms to improve the search relevance. Neural network (NN)-based approaches, such as LambdaRank, can significantly increase the ranking quality. While, their training is very slow on a single computer and inherent coarse-grained parallelism could be hardly utilized by computer clusters. Thus an efficient implementation is necessary to timely generate acceptable NN models on frequently updated training datasets. This paper presents our work in accelerator. A SIMD streaming architecture is proposed to i) efficiently map the query-level NN computation and data structure to FPGA, ii) fully exploit the inherent fine-grained parallelism, and iii) provide scalability to large scale datasets. The accelerator shows up to 17.9X speedup over the software implementation on datasets from a commercial search engine.
Open: Mucosal-luminal interface proteomics reveals biomarkers of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease-associated colitis (2018)

This study identified panels of proteins that have significantly different expression levels and contribute to accurate IBD diagnosis and disease extent characterization in children with UC. Biomarkers identified from the MLI demonstrate transferable results in stool samples.
Post-Processing for CRC-Aided Successive Cancellation List Decoding of Polar Codes (2020)

In this letter, three post-processing schemes for cyclic redundancy check (CRC-)aided successive cancellation list (CA-SCL) decoding are presented for polar codes. The re-decoding based on our post-processing schemes can effectively alleviate both the channel and decision errors encountered via CA-SCL decoding. Simulation results show that our schemes perform better than conventional re-decoding schemes and can be incorporated into a polar decoder that has a small list size to achieve a performance that is expected for a large list size.
An Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane Based Electrochemical Glucose Sensor (2020)

This letter presents a conductive polymer based electrospun-nanofibrous-membrane (ENFM) for an enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor. The ENFM-based sensor electrode shows a wide detection range from 0 to 25 mM concentration with a shorter response time of less than 4 s and the sensitivity of 5.11 μA/mM cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a limit of detection 2.3 μM in a glucose buffer solution. The sensing electrode shows a negligible change in a current response for upto 50 days. The sensing activity of an electrode remained constant indicating a good long-term stability for the glucose sensor due to the direct immobilization of glucose oxidase (GO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) enzyme onto the surface of nanofibers. The electrochemical analysis results demonstrated that the ENFM-based glucose sensor provides reliable results in terms of enhanced sensitivity, good stability, durability, and quick response time for a glucose detection.
The Functional Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cocoa Bean Fermentation (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cocoa Crop Cultivation and Harvest The Cocoa Pulp or Fermentation Substrate Fresh, Unfermented Cocoa Beans Cocoa Bean Fermentation Succession of Microorganisms during Cocoa Bean Fermentation Biochemical Changes in the Cocoa Beans during Fermentation and Drying Optimal Fermentation Course and End of Fermentation Further Processing of Fermented Cocoa Beans Use of Starter Cultures for Fermentation of Cocoa Conclusions References
An Ultraviolet (242 nm Excitation) Resonance Raman Study of Live Bacteria and Bacterial Components (1987)

Ultraviolet-excited (242 nm) resonance Raman spectra have been obtained for the first time for five types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterobacter cloacae. Detailed, highly reproducible spectra show substantial differences in both the intensities and the energies of peaks, which suggests that such spectra provide unique “fingerprints” reflecting the unique combinations of chemotaxonomic markers present in each type of organism. Many of the spectral features excited by 242-nm radiation probably arise from cellular RNA, DNA, and the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Background fluorescence has been shown to be negligible.
Scheduling algorithms for the cdma2000 packet data evolution (2003)

The paper presents a performance comparison of several scheduling algorithms for the forward link of the high data rate (HDR) system. This system has been adopted as a possible evolutionary path for the North American 3/sup rd/ generation cdma2000 cellular system, and is designed to enable high bit rate packet data access. On the HDR forward link, only one user receives packet data in a given time slot. Hence, a scheduling algorithm is necessary to determine which user among those requesting service should receive data. In our performance analysis, we assume data packets are always available for transmission to every user. The scheduler performance is evaluated in terms of the average throughput per sector as a function of the number of users in the sector and the bit rate distributions. The throughput distributions over a set of users, the average delay per packet and per user, and the distributions of packet delays and allocated slots per user are also determined as a measure of fairness of the scheduling algorithms.
Aggregation Pheromone Glands of Carpophilus freemani (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Gland Distribution among Other Sap Beetles (1993)

The apparent site of aggregation pheromone production in the sap beetle Carpophilus freemani Dobson is described. Small (≈100 μm diameter) disks associated with the tracheal system in the abdomen contain the pheromone in this insect. These structures appeared to be single cells with large nuclei. Similar structures were found in Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. lugubris Murray, C. antiquus Melsheimer, C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.), Stelidota geminata Say, Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson), and Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say), suggesting that these structures are a common source of pheromones in sap beetles.
Toward dualband megapixel QWIP focal plane arrays (2007)

Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 1024x1024 pixel InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs based quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal planes have been demonstrated with excellent imaging performance. The MWIR QWIP detector array has demonstrated a noise equivalent differential temperature (NE&Dgr;T) of 17 mK at a 95K operating temperature with f/2.5 optics at 300K background and the LWIR detector array has demonstrated a NE&Dgr;T of 13 mK at a 70K operating temperature with the same optical and background conditions as the MWIR detector array after the subtraction of system noise. Both MWIR and LWIR focal planes have shown background limited performance (BLIP) at 90K and 70K operating temperatures respectively, with similar optical and background conditions. It is well known that III-V compound semiconductor materials such as GaAs, InP, etc. are easy to grow and process into devices. In addition, III-V compound semiconductors are available in large diameter wafers, up to 8-inches. Thus, III-V compound semiconductor based infrared focal plane technologies such as QWIP, InSb, and strain layer superlattices (SLS) are potential candidates for the development of large format focal planes such as 4096x4096 pixels and larger. In this paper, we will discuss the possibility of extending the infrared detector array size up to 16 megapixels.
Ethyl lactate as a tunable solvent for the synthesis of aryl aldimines (2009)

Ethyl L-lactate can be tuned with a cosolvent to create polarity conditions ideal for synthesizing aryl aldimines that crystallize directly out of solution within minutes under ambient conditions in excellent yields and requiring no further purification.
Kramers–Kronig receivers (2019)

This paper reviews the foundations of the Kramers–Kronig (KK) receiver, a recently proposed scheme designed to reconstruct a complex-valued signal from the measurement of its intensity in the context of fiber-optic communications. We provide a comprehensive characterization of the signal properties that are required for the proper operation of the KK receiver and discuss the most relevant implementation requirements, such as the need for digital up-sampling, the implications of receiver imperfections, line chromatic dispersion, optical filtering, and polarization multiplexing.
The transcriptional coactivator WBP2 primes triple-negative breast cancer cells for responses to Wnt signaling via the JNK/Jun kinase pathway (2018)

The transcriptional coactivator WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2) is an emerging oncogene and serves as a node between the signaling protein Wnt and other signaling molecules and pathways, including epidermal growth factor receptor, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor, and the Hippo pathway. The upstream regulation of WBP2 is well-studied, but its downstream activity remains unclear. Here, we elucidated WBP2's role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in which Wnt signaling is predominantly activated. Using RNAi coupled with RNA-Seq and MS analyses to identify Wnt/WBP2- and WBP2-dependent targets in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, we found that WBP2 is required for the expression of a core set of genes in Wnt signaling. These included <i>AXIN2</i>, which was essential for Wnt/WBP2-mediated breast cancer growth and migration. WBP2 also regulated a much larger set of genes and proteins independently of Wnt, revealing that WBP2 primes cells to Wnt activity by up-regulating G protein pathway suppressor 1 (GPS1) and TRAF2- and NCK-interacting kinase (TNIK). GPS1 activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/Jun pathway, resulting in a positive feedback loop with TNIK that mediated Wnt-induced <i>AXIN2</i> expression. WBP2 promoted TNBC growth by integrating JNK with Wnt signaling, and its expression profoundly influenced the sensitivity of TNBC to JNK/TNIK inhibitors. In conclusion, WBP2 links JNK to Wnt signaling in TNBC. GPS1 and TNIK are constituents of a WBP2-initiated cascade that primes responses to Wnt ligands and are also important for TNBC biology. We propose that WBP2 is a potential drug target for JNK/TNIK-based precision medicine for managing TNBC.
<title>Application of open-ended rectangular waveguides for detecting surface cracks</title> (1995)

Surface crack detection in metallic structures is an important issue in many environments (such as steel bridge members) and industries. A relatively new microwave method of detection using an open-ended rectangular waveguide has shown great practical promise. This method is quite versatile and may be applied to long, finite, filled, and covered cracks. Furthermore, crack dimensional analysis is also possible with this method. The measured and theoretical results of several exposed, filled, and covered cracks/slots are shown in this paper. Furthermore, a new theoretical approach to model the interaction of the waves incident at the waveguide aperture and a metal surface with a crack are very briefly mentioned as well. The results show the utility of this method for detecting filled and covered cracks as well as cracks separated from the waveguide aperture by a slight amount of airgap (i.e. noncontact approach).
Suppression of Brillouin scattering in lightwave AM-VSB CATV transmission systems (1993)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is typically the first optical nonlinearity encountered in lightwave systems in single-mode optical fibers. The repeaterless transmission span in such systems can be limited by SBS through a limitation on the maximum fiber injected power. However, SBS can normally be avoided in digital systems if the total fiber injected power is kept below 10 mW for bit rates above several hundred megabits for any modulation format (ASK, FSK, PSK) since the optical spectrum is broadened relative to the Brillouin linewidth.1 In lightwave AM-VSB CATV systems with an external modulation, in contrast, the optical spectrum is essentially that of the unmodulated laser, so that the SBS threshold is at its theoretical minimum.2 At the same time, these systems demand high fiber injected power in order to meet the typically required 55 dB of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR).3 Therefore the power in such systems will exceed the SBS threshold even for modest system loss budgets. SBS leads to a limitation of the transmitted power and the addition of excess noise, which leads to degradation of the CNR.2 In this paper we demonstrate a special modulation format that suppresses SBS, and we obtain a 5-dB increase in the allowed injected power without any degradation in the CNR.
Accurate, Energy-Efficient, Decentralized, Single-Hop, Asynchronous Time Synchronization Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

This paper concerns with the synchronization of infrastructure impoverished sensor networks under harsh conditions. It suggests three novel asynchronous, decentralized, energyefficient time synchronization protocols. The protocols require only single hop, sparse communication with unlabeled neighboring nodes of the network to determine accurately the time of the gateway node. The time of a node is considered as a dynamical variable of a discrete system whose evolution is asynchronously activated/inhibited by another dynamical switching system. The protocols are termed: Timed Sequential Asynchronous Update (TSAU), Unidirectional Asynchronous Flooding (UAF) and the Bidirectional Asynchronous Flooding (UAF). Along with intensive simulation, the protocols are implemented and tested on the MicaZ sensor node platform. A comprehensive evaluation of the energy consumption, memory requirements, convergence time, local and global synchronization errors of the proposed protocols are carried-out against Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP) and Flooding Proportional Integral Time Synchronization Protocol (FloodPISync). All the analysis show that these protocols outperform the well known protocols. Also, being asynchronous, they are more realistic relative to the synchronous ones.
Effects of gp120 Inner Domain (ID2) Immunogen Doses on Elicitation of Anti-HIV-1 Functional Fc-Effector Response to C1/C2 (Cluster A) Epitopes in Mice (2020)

Fc-mediated effector functions of antibodies, including antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), have been shown to contribute to vaccine-induced protection from HIV-1 infection, especially those directed against non-neutralizing, CD4 inducible (CD4i) epitopes within the gp120 constant 1 and 2 regions (C1/C2 or Cluster A epitopes). However, recent passive immunization studies have not been able to definitively confirm roles for these antibodies in HIV-1 prevention mostly due to the complications of cross-species Fc-FcR interactions and suboptimal dosing strategies. Here, we use our stabilized gp120 Inner domain (ID2) immunogen that displays the Cluster A epitopes within a minimal structural unit of HIV-1 Env to investigate an immunization protocol that induces a fine-tuned antibody repertoire capable of an effective Fc-effector response. This includes the generation of isotypes and the enhanced antibody specificity known to be vital for maximal Fc-effector activities, while minimizing the induction of isotypes know to be detrimental for these functions. Although our studies were done in in BALB/c mice we conclude that when optimally titrated for the species of interest, ID2 with GLA-SE adjuvant will elicit high titers of antibodies targeting the Cluster A region with potent Fc-mediated effector functions, making it a valuable immunogen candidate for testing an exclusive role of non-neutralizing antibody response in HIV-1 protection in vaccine settings.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex N‐Heterocycle Synthesis via Iron‐Catalyzed, Direct C—H Bond Amination. (2013)

Abstract The synthesis of highly functionalized pyrrolidines and oxazolidines by an intramolecular C—H‐amination employing aliphatic azides as substrates is presented.
Transmit array processing for cyclic-prefix CDMA (2003)

This paper explores the addition of frequency-domain transmit antenna arrays to the cyclic-prefix CDMA (CP-CDMA) system concept. CP-CDMA is a novel type of single carrier DS-CDMA that employs OFDM-style cyclic prefixes to facilitate efficient frequency-domain receiver processing in broadband CDMA cellular systems. CP-CDMA is intended for high-bandwidth, high-delay-spread cellular channels, such as those envisioned for systems that evolve from current 3G CDMA standards. This paper examines both single-data stream (i.e., maximal ratio transmission) and multiple data stream (i.e., spatial multiplexing also known as multiple-input, multiple-output or MIMO) techniques for CP-CDMA systems that operate with high code usage and multi-level modulation in broadband high delay-spread channels. In the proposed algorithms, both the transmit and receive array processing is performed completely in the frequency-domain to allow the tracking of frequency-selective MIMO channels. Simulation results are presented to show the efficacy of the proposed methods.