gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translating named entities using monolingual and bilingual resources (2001)

Named entity phrases are some of the most difficult phrases to translate because new phrases can appear from nowhere, and because many are domain specific, not to be found in bilingual dictionaries. We present a novel algorithm for translating named entity phrases using easily obtainable monolingual and bilingual resources. We report on the application and evaluation of this algorithm in translating Arabic named entities to English. We also compare our results with the results obtained from human translations and a commercial system for the same task.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Self‐Assembly and Applications of Designer Peptide Amphiphiles (2010)

Abstract Review: 123 refs.
Origin of the resistance-area product dependence of spin transfer torque\n switching in perpendicular magnetic random access memory cells (2019)

We report on an experimental study of current induced switching in\nperpendicular magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cells with variable\nresistance-area products (RAs). Our results show that in addition to spin\ntransfer torque (STT), current induced self-heating and voltage controlled\nmagnetic anisotropy also contribute to switching and can explain the RA\ndependencies of switching current density and STT efficiency. Our findings\nsuggest that thermal optimization of perpendicular MRAM cells can result in\nsignificant reduction of switching currents.\n
Demonstration of a Motion Coupled Virtual Environment (Mocove) – a Device for Reducing Spatial Disorientation in Uncoupled Virtual and Motion Environments (2002)

The U.S. Navy intends to field Virtual Environments (VE) aboard ships and submarines for training crews at sea and in harbor. The shipboard environment combined with a VE presents a challenge for reducing the side effects, most notably motion sickness, postural instability and spatial disorientation. The discrepancy between actual motion and perceived motion in the VE has been shown to be among the greatest contributing factors to side effects. The two environments, virtual and real, combine to create a highly provocative “motion discordant environment.” This demonstration presents an approach for minimizing side effects. The approach creates a Motion Coupled Virtual Environment (MOCOVE) where physical motion is sensed and convolved with the VE scene. The resultant VE has been shown to reduce side effects in preliminary laboratory studies
MECHANICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF A STANDING WAVE S-BAND ACCELERATOR WITH ON-AXIS COUPLERS (1976)

The need for high efficiency rf accelerating structures operating at room temperature has been fulfilled for certain applications by standing-wave coupled-cavity accelerators, the side-coupled struc1 ture operating in the n/2 mode being an example. 1-4 Considerable development work has been carried out on the design and fabrication of 0.8 GHz sidecoupled structures resulting in the establishment of assembly criteria and procedures. Recent measure-
Structural modeling of soluble CD80 glycoprotein and its role in immunotherapy (2011)

Students participating in the Students Modeling A Research Topic (SMART) Team partnership program involving Henry E. Lackey High School, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and Milwaukee School of Engineering used 3D printing technology to create a physical model of the soluble form of CD80 glycoprotein and researched its role in regulating proteins known to prevent T‐cell activation. The CD80 glycoprotein has two immunoglobulin‐like (Ig‐like) domains connected by an interdomain linker region. These Ig‐like domains bind to CD28, CTLA‐4 and programmed death ligand‐1 (PDL‐1) proteins. The expression of PDL‐1 on human cancer cells prevents tumor cells from T‐cell attack and elimination. In recent experiments, CD80 was shown to play a role in the cell surface expression of PDL‐1. Specifically, the transfection of the gene coding for CD80 into human cancer cells has inhibited expression of PDL‐1, the mechanism of which is unclear. Further exploration of soluble CD80 may improve understanding of its interactions with PDL‐1 and aid the development of a soluble CD80 immunotherapy for cancer. Supported by a grant from the HHMI Pre‐College Program School and NIH #RO1CA84232 to Ostrand‐Rosenberg.
Removal of Calcium Carbonate Water-Based Filter Cake Using a Green Biodegradable Acid (2020)

The filter cake is a very thin layer of solid particles deposited from the drilling fluid onto the surface of the drilled formation. This is essential during the drilling process as it reduces fluid filtrate invasion, contributing for the well’s integrity. When the drilling processes are over, this formation must be removed efficiently to allow for the primary cement jobs to be conducted efficiently, and for hydrocarbons to be produced without any restrictions. The removal process of the filter cake is challenging and requires specific techniques, depending on several factors including the filter cake homogeneity, drilling fluid components, weight of materials used, and the continuous phase of the drilling fluid (i.e., water or oil). This study evaluates the use of green biodegradable removal acid (GBRA) to dissolve calcium carbonate water-based filter cake. The removal efficiency of this new acid was analyzed using filtration and removal tests, conducted on a ceramic filter disc and real core samples at 212 °F. Then, the new formulation was subjected to physical properties measurements and biodegradation and corrosion tests. Furthermore, the performance of the new acid formulation was compared with 10 wt.% hydrochloric acid (HCl) to ensure its efficiency. The obtained results showed that the new acid formulation was effective at removing the filter cake, with a removal efficiency greater than 90%. The retained permeability was 100% and 94% with the ceramic filter disc and the real limestone core sample, respectively, confirming the good removal performance of the new acid formulation. The corrosion rate of GBRA (50 wt.%) at 212 °F was 0.032 lb/ft2, which was within the acceptable range according to oil industry practices (i.e., less than 0.05 lb/ft2 if the temperature is less than 250 °F), while HCl (10 wt.%) yielded a high corrosion rate of 0.68 lb/ft2.
DATEL: A Scarless and Sequence-Independent DNA Assembly Method Using Thermostable Exonucleases and Ligase (2016)

DNA assembly is a pivotal technique in synthetic biology. Here, we report a scarless and sequence-independent DNA assembly method using thermal exonucleases (Taq and Pfu DNA polymerases) and Taq DNA ligase (DATEL). Under the optimized conditions, DATEL allows rapid assembly of 2-10 DNA fragments (1-2 h) with high accuracy (between 74 and 100%). Owing to the simple operation system with denaturation-annealing-cleavage-ligation temperature cycles in one tube, DATEL is expected to be a desirable choice for both manual and automated high-throughput assembly of DNA fragments, which will greatly facilitate the rapid progress of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
Two Plant Viral Suppressors of Silencing Require the Ethylene-Inducible Host Transcription Factor RAV2 to Block RNA Silencing (2010)

RNA silencing is a highly conserved pathway in the network of interconnected defense responses that are activated during viral infection. As a counter-defense, many plant viruses encode proteins that block silencing, often also interfering with endogenous small RNA pathways. However, the mechanism of action of viral suppressors is not well understood and the role of host factors in the process is just beginning to emerge. Here we report that the ethylene-inducible transcription factor RAV2 is required for suppression of RNA silencing by two unrelated plant viral proteins, potyvirus HC-Pro and carmovirus P38. Using a hairpin transgene silencing system, we find that both viral suppressors require RAV2 to block the activity of primary siRNAs, whereas suppression of transitive silencing is RAV2-independent. RAV2 is also required for many HC-Pro-mediated morphological anomalies in transgenic plants, but not for the associated defects in the microRNA pathway. Whole genome tiling microarray experiments demonstrate that expression of genes known to be required for silencing is unchanged in HC-Pro plants, whereas a striking number of genes involved in other biotic and abiotic stress responses are induced, many in a RAV2-dependent manner. Among the genes that require RAV2 for induction by HC-Pro are FRY1 and CML38, genes implicated as endogenous suppressors of silencing. These findings raise the intriguing possibility that HC-Pro-suppression of silencing is not caused by decreased expression of genes that are required for silencing, but instead, by induction of stress and defense responses, some components of which interfere with antiviral silencing. Furthermore, the observation that two unrelated viral suppressors require the activity of the same factor to block silencing suggests that RAV2 represents a control point that can be readily subverted by viruses to block antiviral silencing.
Approaches for high internal quantum efficiency green InGaN light-emitting diodes with large overlap quantum wells (2011)

Optimization of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) for InGaN quantum wells (QWs) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is investigated. Staggered InGaN QWs with large electron-hole wavefunction overlap and improved radiative recombination rate are investigated for nitride LEDs application. The effect of interface abruptness in staggered InGaN QWs on radiative recombination rate is studied. Studies show that the less interface abruptness between the InGaN sub-layers will not affect the performance of the staggered InGaN QWs detrimentally. The growths of linearly-shaped staggered InGaN QWs by employing graded growth temperature grading are presented. The effect of current injection efficiency on IQE of InGaN QWs LEDs and other approaches to reduce dislocation in InGaN QWs LEDs are also discussed. The optimization of both radiative efficiency and current injection efficiency in InGaN QWs LEDs are required for achieving high IQE devices emitting in the green spectral regime and longer.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetoacetoxy Ethyl Methacrylate (AAEM) Resin, a New Scavenger for Primary Amines in the Presence of Secondary Amines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Effect of Thickness on the Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Cathodes (1982)

Polarization data were obtained for the reduction of oxygen on porous lithiated nickel oxide fuel cell cathodes in lithium‐potassium carbonate electrolyte at 650°C. Cathode thickness was varied from 0.013 to 0.112 cm with the maximum performance occurring for cathodes of approximately 0.08 cm thickness. The polarization data were optimized for each electrode by varying the electrode electrolyte content in a half‐cell apparatus. The optimum content occurred when the combination of internal ionic resistive, diffusional, and activation losses resulted in minimum overvoltage.
Improving Brush Polymer Infrared One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals via Linear Polymer Additives (2014)

Brush block copolymers (BBCPs) enable the rapid fabrication of self-assembled one-dimensional photonic crystals with photonic band gaps that are tunable in the UV-vis-IR, where the peak wavelength of reflection scales with the molecular weight of the BBCPs. Due to the difficulty in synthesizing very large BBCPs, the fidelity of the assembled lamellar nanostructures drastically erodes as the domains become large enough to reflect IR light, severely limiting their performance as optical filters. To overcome this challenge, short linear homopolymers are used to swell the arrays to ∼180% of the initial domain spacing, allowing for photonic band gaps up to ∼1410 nm without significant opacity in the visible, demonstrating improved ordering of the arrays. Additionally, blending BBCPs with random copolymers enables functional groups to be incorporated into the BBCP array without attaching them directly to the BBCPs. The addition of short linear polymers to the BBCP arrays thus offers a facile means of improving the self-assembly and optical properties of these materials, as well as adding a route to achieving films with greater functionality and tailorability, without the need to develop or optimize the processing conditions for each new brush polymer synthesized.
The Palletron: A High Dose Uniformity Pallet Irradiator With X-Rays (2003)

A new concept of X‐ray irradiator for high‐density products on pallets is proposed. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to predict the performance of this system and compare it to alternative pallet irradiators. The Monte Carlo predictions are in good agreement with experimental data obtained using pallets of different densities.
Performance of a 600 Mbyte 90 mm Phase-Change Optical Disk against Disk Tilt (1993)

The performance of a 0.6-mm-thick substrate disk was studied for tilted disk conditions. It was shown by numerical calculation that the reduction in the peak intensity of the optical spot was 0.5 dB under a disk tilt of 7 mrad when the numerical aperture ( NA ) of an objective lens was 0.6. The tilt angle dependence of the reading/writing performance was measured for a double-sided disk with a wavelength of 690 nm. Excellent signal quality was obtained, such as carrier-to-noise ratio of over 50 dB, erasability of more than 27 dB, crosstalk of under -27 dB, and jitter of under 30% of the window width for a tilt angle of 7 mrad.
Loop-Gap Resonators (2005)

Lumped-circuit resonators known as loop-gap resonators (LGR) have many advantages for EPR measurements for frequencies at or below X-band. This chapter introduces principles that underlie the design and use of LGR’s and provides practical guidance concerning theiruse.
EFFICIENT CLASSIFICATION OF SCANNED MEDIA USING SPATIAL STATISTICS (2010)

Photography, lithography, xerography, and inkjet printing are the dominant technologies for color printing. Images produced on these "different media" are often scanned either for the purpose of copying or creating an electronic representation. For an improved color calibration during scanning, a media identification from the scanned image data is desirable. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for automated classification of input media into four major classes corresponding to photographic, lithographic, xerographic and inkjet. Our technique exploits the strong correlation between the type of input media and the spatial statistics of corresponding images, which are observed in the scanned images. We adopt ideas from spatial statistics literature, and design two spatial statistical measures of dispersion and periodicity, which are computed over spatial point patterns generated from blocks of the scanned image, and whose distributions provide the features for making a decision. We utilize extensive training data and determined well separated decision regions to classify the input media. We validate and tested our classification technique results over an independent extensive data set. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to distinguish between the different media with high reliability.
Energy efficient 1-transistor active pixel sensor (APS) with FD SOI tunnel FET (2015)

This paper presents the first energy efficient highly compact concept of active pixel sensor built with a single partially-gated tunnel FET (TFET). Experimental results show that the transistor characteristics of the investigated TFETs are nonlinearly modulated by optical excitation and a transistor gain that is a function of irradiance and bias conditions is reported for the first time. A memory effect is observed and exploited when the backgate is used as a secondary gate to control charge storing mechanism in the body, similarly to backside illuminated pixels. Compared to CMOS, 1T-TFET pixel offers high sensitivity (detection limit <; 2pW/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in visible light), low power operation, improved temperature stability (validation at 70°C) and high compactness (1T architecture with pixel size of ~10×1μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in this work).
Immortalized human microglial cell line: Phenotypic expression (2005)

Microglia are a major neuroglial component of the CNS, playing an important role as resident immunocompetent and phagocytic cells in the CNS in the event of injury and disease. To understand the role of microglia in the CNS in health and diseases, we have recently established an immortalized clonal cell line of human microglia, HMO6, from human embryonic telencephalon tissue by using a retroviral vector encoding v-myc. This immortalized microglia HMO6 cell line exhibits cell-type-specific antigens for microglia, including CD11b (Mac-1), CD68, CD86 (B7-2), HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, and RCA-1 lectin, and actively phagocytoses latex beads.
Influence of Corn Germ Protein on Yield and Quality Characteristics of Comminuted Meat Products in a Model System (1987)

ABSTRACT Incorporation of corn germ protein in the production of comminuted meat products was tested. Corn germ protein (2%) as stabilizer in pre‐emulsified fat (PEF) preparation stabilized sausage emulsions, which were added to the batter during comminution. Corn protein as an ingredient (4%) also increased both the stability of sausage batter (by binding of fat and water) and the yield of the finished product. There were no significant effects of the corn germ protein on hardness and color of finished product. Corn germ protein as a stabilizer in PEF and ingredient resulted in increased water holding capacity and adhesiveness of batter and lower shear force of the finished products. Corn germ protein can potentially be used as an ingredient for comminuted meat production.
Design of Scalable Java Communication Middleware for Multi-Core Systems (2012)

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in The Computer Journal. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxs122
Detection of imaging acoustic signals for synchronizing a commercial ultrasound imager with a high intensity focused ultrasound therapy system (2005)

Transcutaneous surgical procedures performed with a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy system can be monitored in real-time with an ultrasound imaging system if the HIFU is gated appropriately. Without synchronization, gated or continuous HIFU saturates the imaging system and interference occludes the image. If a gating signal is synchronized with the imaging cycle from any commercial imager, the location of any interference can be controlled and the HIFU treatment region can he visualized in real-time. Synchronization typically requires that an imaging system be customized for HIFU therapy, which is expensive and time consuming. We have developed a low-cost prototype system that synchronizes a HIFU therapy system with an arbitrary unmodified imaging system by using the HIFU transducer as a focused receiver that can detect scattered acoustic signals transmitted by the imaging probe. The receive signal is processed into a trigger that is used to control the gating and phasing of the HIFU relative to the imaging cycle. The technique is tested using a B-mode imager to monitor the formation of a lesion in a transparent tissue phantom; exposure time is 60 seconds with 40 W (time-averaged) electrical power delivered to the transducer. Performance is evaluated by recording the position of interference on the B-mode images and by comparing the B-mode images with CCD images that provide an optical view of lesion formation.
Templated Synthesis of Metal Nanorods in Silica Nanotubes (2011)

We report a general method for the synthesis of noble metal nanorods, including Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd, based on their seeded growth in silica nanotube templates. The controlled growth of the metals occurs exclusively on the seeds inside the silica nanotubes, which act as hard templates to confine the one-dimensional growth of the metal nanorods and define their aspect ratios. This method affords large quantities of noble metal nanorods with well-controlled aspect ratios and high yield, which may find wide use in the fields of nanophotonics, catalysis, sensing, imaging, and biomedicine.
Samarium‐Promoted Coupling of 1,10‐Phenanthroline with Carbonyl Compounds for Synthesis of New Ligands. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ELASTOMERIC INTERCONNECTS (2006)

Elastomeric interconnects made of patterned thin gold films on silicone membranes, can be reversibly bent, uniaxially or radially stretched while remaining electrically conducting. Such interconnects can be stretched to double their length, cycled 1,000 times without electrical failure. While the electrical resistance may increase threefold upon stretching, the resistance values still remain ~1,000 times below the typical input impedance of amorphous silicon thin film transistors. Therefore the stretchable gold films can function as interconnects for power and signal to a fully elastic thin film transistor inverter.
Modulation of the Maturing Gut Barrier and Microbiota: A Novel Target in Allergic Disease (2008)

The underlying denominators and treatment targets in atopic disease may be outlined as aberrant barrier functions of the skin epithelium and gut mucosa, and dysregulation of the immune response to ubiquitous environmental antigens. The route of sensitization varies with age, dietary antigens predominating in infancy. The immaturity of the immune system and the gastrointestinal barrier may explain the peak prevalence of food allergies at an early age. Dietary methods to control symptoms and reduce the risk of allergic disease have hitherto focused on elimination diets, alone or in combination with other environmental measures. The results have not been satisfactory regarding long-term prevention, primary or secondary. In view of the increasing burden of the abnormalities, new approaches are urgently needed for the management of allergic diseases and their prevention in at-risk infants. Novel methods here may include probiotics to counteract the immunological and gut mucosal barrier dysfunction associated with allergic disease, and thereby to strengthen endogenous defence mechanisms. Notwithstanding the demonstrations of important immunoregulatory potential of the well-balanced gut microbiota, the major objective health benefits of specific strains in allergic infants have only recently been clinically proven. Advances here have prompted enthusiasm in the scientific community and food industry and have fuelled research activities currently focusing firstly on identification of specific strains with anti-allergenic potential, and secondly on the question how food matrix and dietary content interact with the most efficacious probiotic strains.
Robust beamforming for multi-cell downlink transmission (2010)

For coordinated transmissions in multi-cell downlink channels, the base stations are required to acquire and share their channel state information (CSI). Acquiring CSI is often prone to errors and a globally-optimal coordination is not possible when the acquired CSI is imperfect. However, when the errors in the acquired CSI are guaranteed to lie within bounded regions, any quality-of-service (QoS) measure of interest will also lie within a bounded region. Motivated by this premise, by employing the notion of robustness in the worst-case sense, some worst-case guarantees on QoS can be offered. We assume that CSI perturbations belong to known hyper-spheres and aim to design linear transceivers that optimize the minimum worst-case rate of the network. We offer centralized (fully cooperative) and distributed (limited cooperation) procedures imposing different levels of complexity and information exchange among the base stations.