gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclophosphazenes and Relatives as Anticancer Drugs (1983)

Abstract Aziridinocyclophosphazenes N3P3Az6 (code name MYKO 63), N4P4Az8 (code name MYKO 83) and relatives constituted the first generation of anticancer drugs whose efficiency on several rodent neoplasms was made conspicuous in a quantitative manner from 1976 to 1978 both in our Laboratory and by EORTC Screening Pharmacology Groups1. MYKO 63 appeared at that time as a promising drug for industrial development owing to its wide spectrum of activity and its very low mutagenicity2. However, this hope failed as a consequence of a cumulative toxicity which occurs upon heavy polyinjections schedules. In other words, MYKO 63 exhibits an uncomfortable kinetics of action on the tumor - and, consequently, of excretion - presumably due (it was our assumption) to a too high chemical stability of the molecule.
Biodegradation of environmental pollutants by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium (1993)

The white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium secretes a unique hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidase capable of degrading lignin, a highly complex, chemically resistant, non-repeating heteropolymer. Due to its ability to generate carbon-centered radicals, this enzyme is able to non-specifically catalyze numerous cleavage reactions producing smaller lignin-derived compounds which may then be metabolized by more conventional enzyme systems. The authors have proposed that the lignin-degrading system of this fungus may also have the ability to degrade environmentally persistent organopollutants. In the study P. chrysosporium is shown to able to degrade carbon-14 labeled 1,1'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT), 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the gamma isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) as well as the non-halo-genated pollutant benzo(a)pyrene to (14)C-carbon dioxide.
Fiber optic sensors based on time-release polymers (1990)

Fiber-optic sensors based on a controlled-release polymer provide sustained release of indicating reagents over long periods. This technique allows irreversible chemistries to be used in the design of sensors for continuous measurements. The first reported sensor used 8-hydroxypyrene- 1 ,3,6-trisulfonic acid and sulforhodamine 640 to measure pH continuously for three months in the range of 5.5 to 8.0 with a precision units. The sensor reported in this paper is based on a fluorescence energy transfer immunoassay. The sensor was cycled through different concentrations of antigen continuously for 30 hours. Although the sensor was not optimized, the data indicates the viability of the technique.
Stand-off explosive detection utilizing low power stimulated emission nuclear quadrupole resonance detection and subwavelength focusing wideband super lens (2015)

The need for advanced techniques to detect improvised explosive devices (IED) at stand-off distances greater than ten (10) meters has driven AMI Research and Development (AMI) to develop a solution to detect and identify the threat utilizing a forward looking Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) combined with our CW radar technology Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) detection system. The novel features include a near-field sub-wavelength focusing antenna, a wide band 300 KHz to 300 MHz rapidly scanning CW radar facilitated by a high Q antenna/tuner, and an advanced processor utilizing Rabi transitions where the nucleus oscillates between states under the time dependent incident electromagnetic field and alternately absorbs energy from the incident field while emitting coherent energy via stimulated emission. AMI’s Sub-wavelength Focusing Wide Band Super Lens uses a Near-Field SAR, making detection possible at distances greater than ten (10) meters. This super lens is capable of operating on the near-field and focusing electromagnetic waves to resolutions beyond the diffraction limit. When applied to the case of a vehicle approaching an explosive hazard the methodologies of synthetic aperture radar is fused with the array based super resolution and the NQR data processing detecting the explosive hazard.
Blood Biomarkers Associated with Cognitive Decline in Early Stage and Drug-Naive Parkinson’s Disease Patients (2015)

Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) continues to be a major challenge in the field. The lack of a robust biomarker to detect early stage PD patients has considerably slowed the progress toward the development of potential therapeutic agents. We have previously evaluated several RNA biomarkers in whole blood from participants enrolled in two independent clinical studies. In these studies, PD patients were medicated, thus, expression of these biomarkers in de novo patients remains unknown. To this end, we tested ten RNA biomarkers in blood samples from 99 untreated PD patients and 101 HC nested in the cross-sectional Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative by quantitative real-time PCR. One biomarker out of ten, COPZ1 trended toward significance (nominal p = 0.009) when adjusting for age, sex, and educational level. Further, COPZ1, EFTUD2 and PTBP1 mRNAs correlated with clinical features in PD patients including the Hoehn and Yahr scale, Movement Disorder Society revision of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Levels of EFTUD2 and PTBP1 were significantly higher in cognitively normal PD patients (PD-CN) compared to cognitively impaired PD patients (PD-MCI). Interestingly, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in PD and PD-MCI patients (≥ 100 mg/dL, pre-diabetes) compared to HC. Collectively, we report the association of three RNA biomarkers, COPZ1, EFTUD2 and PTBP1 with clinical features including cognitive decline in early drug-naïve PD patients. Further, our results show that drug-naïve PD and PD-MCI patients have glucose levels characteristic of pre-diabetes patients, suggesting that impaired glucose metabolism is an early event in PD. Evaluation of these potential biomarkers in a larger longitudinal study is warranted.
Performance Improvement of Wide-bandwidth Dual-polarized Antenna using Split-ring Slot (2019)

A flower-shaped wide-bandwidth dual-polarized antenna is developed for passive radar systems in this paper. The antenna is initially designed for covering the X and Ku bands (8 - 18 GHz). To improve impedance matching and enhance operating bandwidth, we introduce split-ring slots in radiating elements. Simulation and measurement results show that the antenna's S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> is further reduced from - 10 dB to - 15 dB at most of operating frequencies while the fractional bandwidth is also increased from 91% to more than 114% with the presence of the split-ring slots.
Relaxation in X-Space Magnetic Particle Imaging (2012)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality that noninvasively images the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). MPI has demonstrated high contrast and zero attenuation with depth, and MPI promises superior safety compared to current angiography methods, X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging angiography. Nanoparticle relaxation can delay the SPIO magnetization, and in this work we investigate the open problem of the role relaxation plays in MPI scanning and its effect on the image. We begin by amending the x-space theory of MPI to include nanoparticle relaxation effects. We then validate the amended theory with experiments from a Berkeley x-space relaxometer and a Berkeley x-space projection MPI scanner. Our theory and experimental data indicate that relaxation reduces SNR and asymmetrically blurs the image in the scanning direction. While relaxation effects can have deleterious effects on the MPI scan, we show theoretically and experimentally that x-space reconstruction remains robust in the presence of relaxation. Furthermore, the role of relaxation in x-space theory provides guidance as we develop methods to minimize relaxation-induced blurring. This will be an important future area of research for the MPI community.
Introducing DuPont™ GreenTape™ 9K5 Low Dielectric Constant, Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) Tape System (2011)

Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) material systems have been successfully used in microwave and millimeter wave systems for several years. LTCC has very low dielectric loss, high reliability due to inherent hermeticity; high interconnect density, multilayer processing capability leading to true 3D packaging, and better cost-performance balance. While the medium range dielectric constants (7.00 – 8.00) offered by current tape systems have advantages, it is generally difficult to realize high speed systems and efficient antennas on LTCC, especially at millimeter wave frequencies. The difficulty arises from the reduced signal propagation velocity in high-speed applications, and lower radiation efficiency for antennas, both due to higher dielectric constant. To enable and extend applications of LTCC technology to these subsystems, DuPont has developed a new low dielectric constant LTCC system – DuPont™ GreenTape™ 9K5 - which has a dielectric constant of 5.80 (at 10 GHz) that is compatible with the commercial DuPont™ GreenTape™ 9K7 LTCC System. This is achieved without compromising excellent microwave loss properties of the 9KX GreenTape™ platform. These materials systems enable high-speed, high reliability applications while also realizing efficient antennas on LTCC. This paper presents initial characterization of the new DuPont™ GreenTape™ 9K5 LTCC system consisting of low K dielectric tape, gold and silver conductors to evaluate the effects of chemistry, processing conditions, processing latitude, microstructure, and microwave performance. Test coupons with various transmission and resonating structures are designed, fabricated, and tested for the evaluation of transmission losses and dielectric properties. Stability of the material system over multiple re-fire steps is also examined
Optical Implementation of a Second-Order Neural Network Discriminator Model (1990)

Some of the symmetries inherent in a second-order translation invariant classifier model are described. The operational characteristics of this model for pattern recognition tasks such as fault and noise tolerance are explored. A particular optical architecture is detailed which exploits particular features of the model suited to optics and the operation of this system described.
Basic Blue 41: A New Panoptic Stain for Blood and Bone Marrow Cells (1988)

The sulfur containing azo dye basic blue 41 (CI 11154) used as a single agent stain for blood and bone marrow cells gave coloration virtually identical to that found with conventional panoptic stains like Wright's or Giemsa's. Exceptions included bright turquoise blue granulation in eosinophils rather than the traditional orange color and orange-green staining of erythrocytes. With basic blue 41, details of nuclear and cytoplasmic structures were exceptionally clear and well delineated. In coverslip or smear preparations of blood and bone marrow as old as ten years, the coloration was undiminshed and intact. Basic blue 41 constitutes an alternative to the conventional panoptic staining mixtures because it is a single agent stain that is reproducible on a day to day basis and provides bright coloration of cellular structures. (The J Histotechnol 11: 10, 1988.)
Environment Recognition from Audio Using MPEG-7 Features (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a full use of MPEG-7 audio features for environment recognition from audio for different multimedia applications. Environment recognition from audio files is a growing area of interest, however, compared to other branches of multimedia it is a less researched one. To recognize environment, we utilize total of 17 temporal and spectral MPEG-7 audio low level descriptors as features. The performance is compared with Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features. Experimental results show a significant improvement of the proposed MPEG-7 based environment recognition over that of the conventional MFCC based features. Zero-crossing rate is appended with the MPEG-7 based feature to yield even better performance. The best performance is achieved with combined MFCC, MPEG-7 and zero crossing features.
An architecture for universal CAD data exchange (2003)

Parametric feature-based CAD data exchange is one of the most important open problems in solid modeling. The problem is significant and challenging both scientifically and commercially. In this paper we present a very general outline of the Universal Product Representation (UPR) architecture, which provides universal support for all data levels employed by today's CAD systems. The architecture has been implemented with successful results.
Folate-Targeted Dendrimers Selectively Accumulate at Sites of Inflammation in Mouse Models of Ulcerative Colitis and Atherosclerosis (2017)

Folate-receptor-positive activated macrophages are critical for the development and maintenance of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Previously, small-molecule folate-targeted conjugates were found to specifically bind to these activated macrophages in vitro and selectively accumulate at sites of inflammation in vivo. While these small-molecule conjugates have shown promise, the use of a folate-targeted, higher cargo capacity nanovehicle may prove superior in delivering imaging or therapeutic agents in vivo. This nanoparticle strategy has been demonstrated in oncology, where targeted dendrimers have shown superior delivery capabilities; however, little research has been pursued in the area of folate-targeted dendrimers for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we endeavored to create a folate-decorated dendrimer to explore its uptake in mouse models of ulcerative colitis and atherosclerosis. We demonstrate that our final poly(ethylene glycol)-coated, acetic-anhydride-capped, folate-targeted poly(amidoamine) dendrimer exhibits no discernible cytotoxicity in vitro, specifically binds to a folate-receptor-expressing macrophage cell line in vitro, and selectively accumulates in areas of inflammation in vivo.
Anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine N1-oxide (2015)

Our data suggest that ANO, a naturally occurring molecule that is structurally close to adenosine but is functionally more potent, presents potential strategies for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
Strain-engineered InAs/GaAs quantum dots for long-wavelength emission (2003)

Using a combination of a seed layer, low-growth rates, and different growth temperatures, we have produced InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QD's) that emit at very long wavelengths (up to $1.39\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ at 293 K) with an ultranarrow inhomogeneous broadening (full width at half maximum of 14 meV at 10 K). The results are discussed in terms of strain relaxation and reduced In/Ga intermixing in the second layer. These two phenomena are interrelated and their control is crucial for achieving long wavelength emission. The QD structures also exhibit interlayer electronic coupling effects. Finally, combining this method with the use of InGaAs in the barrier instead of GaAs, emission wavelengths around $1.5\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ at 293 K have been achieved.
Novel sst<sub>2</sub>-Selective Somatostatin Agonists. Three-Dimensional Consensus Structure by NMR (2006)

The 3D NMR structures of six octapeptide agonist analogues of somatostatin (SRIF) in the free form are described. These analogues, with the basic sequence H-DPhe/Phe2-c[Cys3-Xxx7-DTrp8-Lys9-Thr10-Cys14]-Thr-NH2 (the numbering refers to the position in native SRIF), with Xxx7 being Ala/Aph, exhibit potent and highly selective binding to human SRIF type 2 (sst2) receptors. The backbone of these sst2-selective analogues have the usual type-II' beta-turn reported in the literature for sst2/3/5-subtype-selective analogues. Correlating the biological results and NMR studies led to the identification of the side chains of DPhe2, DTrp8, and Lys9 as the necessary components of the sst2 pharmacophore. This is the first study to show that the aromatic ring at position 7 (Phe7) is not critical for sst2 binding and that it plays an important role in sst3 and sst5 binding. This pharmacophore is, therefore, different from that proposed by others for sst2/3/5 analogues.
Cloning and characterization of mammalian UDP-glucose glycoprotein: glucosyltransferase and the development of a specific substrate for this enzyme (2000)

The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme UDP-glucose glycoprotein:glucosyltransferase (UGGT) has the unique property of recognizing incompletely folded glycoproteins and, if they carry an N -linked Man(9)GlcNAc(2)oligosaccharide, of catalyzing the addition of a glucose residue from UDP-glucose. Using peptide sequence information, we have isolated the complete cDNA of rat liver UGGT and expressed it in insect cells. The cDNA specifies an open reading frame which codes for a protein of 1527 residues including an 18 amino acid signal peptide. The protein has a C-terminal tetrapeptide (HEEL) characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum luminal proteins. The purified recombinant enzyme shows the same preference for unfolded polypeptides with N -linked Man(9)GlcNAc(2)glycans as the enzyme purified from rat liver. A genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing glyco-proteins with Man(9)GlcNAc(2)core oligosaccharides was constructed and secreted acid phosphatase (G0-AcP) was purified. G0-AcP was used as an acceptor glycoprotein for UGGT and found to be a better substrate than the previously used soybean agglutinin and thyroglobulin. Recombinant rat UGGT has a K (m) of 44 microM for UDP-glucose. A proteolytic fragment of UGGT was found to retain enzymatic activity thus localizing the catalytic site of the enzyme to the C-terminal 37 kDa of the protein. Using site-directed mutagenesis and photoaffinity labeling, we have identified residues D1334, D1336, Q1429, and N1433 to be necessary for the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
QED post-silicon validation and debug: Frequently asked questions (2014)

During post-silicon validation and debug, one or more manufactured integrated circuits (ICs) are tested in actual system environments to detect and fix design flaws (bugs). According to several industrial reports, the costs of post-silicon validation and debug are rising faster than design costs. Hence, new techniques are essential to reverse this trend. QED, an acronym for Quick Error Detection, is such a technique that effectively overcomes several post-silicon validation and debug challenges. QED systematically creates a wide variety of validation tests to quickly detect bugs, not only inside processor cores, but also inside uncore components (i.e., components in an SoC that are neither processor cores nor coprocessors) of multi-core SoCs. In this paper, we present a brief overview of QED through a series of frequently asked questions.
Biomarkers for Estimating Risk of Hospital Mortality and Long-Term Quality-of-Life Morbidity After Surviving Pediatric Septic Shock: A Secondary Analysis of the Life After Pediatric Sepsis Evaluation Investigation* (2020)

Pediatric Sepsis Biomarker Risk Model had modest performance for estimating hospital mortality in an external cohort of children with community-acquired septic shock. The Pediatric Sepsis Biomarker Risk Model biomarkers appear to have utility for estimating the risk of persistent, serious deterioration of health-related quality of life up to 3 months after surviving septic shock. These findings suggest an opportunity to develop a clinical tool for early assignment of risk for long-term health-related quality-of-life morbidity among children who survive septic shock.
Inkwells for on-demand deposition rate measurement in aerosol-jet based 3D printing (2017)

Aerosol-jet printing (AJP) is an important direct-write printing technology based on additive manufacturing methods. Numerous research groups have utilized AJP for the fabrication of electronic circuits and devices. However, there has not been any real-time or even any on-demand method for quantitatively measuring and/or setting the deposition rate of an AJ ink stream. In this paper, we present a method for measuring the deposition rate of an AJ ink stream by printing into an array of inkwells that were fabricated using photolithography and were characterized using x-ray tomography and optical profilometry. These inkwell arrays were then used to establish a set of deposition rates namely 0.0011, 0.0024, 0.0035, 0.0046 and 0.0059 mm3 s−1 that were subsequently compared with independently-measured deposition rates obtained by printing the ink stream into a weighing pan for a specified time and calculating the resulting deposition rate from the weight of the printed sample. From this comparison, it is observed that, for a human operator, the error in setting a specific deposition rate is less for inkwell fill times greater than 3 s and greater for fill times less than 3 s. This observation indicates that the average volume of an inkwell array should be at least three times the desired deposition rate (Vinkwell > 3R). It was also observed that when the diameter of the inkwell was only slightly larger than the ink stream diameter, the ink uniformly wets the sidewall of the inkwell and results in a well filled inkwell for which the point at which it is just fully filled is easily observable. Finally, the interactions of the ink with both 'philic' and 'phobic' inkwells were studied illustrating the ability to use inkwells of various materials for setting the desired deposition rates for a variety of AJ printable inks.
Fuel Cells: Porous Platinum Nanotubes for Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Reactions (Adv. Funct. Mater. 21/2010) (2010)

Abstract Porous platinum nanotubes (PtNTs) with a all thickness of 5 nm, an outer diameter of 60 nm, and a length of 5–20 μm are synthesized by galvanic displacement with silver nanowires, which are formed by the ethylene glycol reduction of silver nitrate. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and durability experiments are conducted for PtNTs, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon (Pt/C), and bulk polycrystalline Pt (BP‐Pt) electrocatalysts to evaluate their catalytic properties for use as cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. PtNTs demonstrate improved mass and specific activity for ORR and durability to Pt/C. Following durability testing, PtNTs exhibit specific ORR activity approaching that of BP‐Pt. Catalyst activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is characterized through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques to evaluate the materials for use as anode catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells. The PtNTs show improved specific activity for MOR and chronoamperometry characteristics over Pt/C and BP‐Pt catalysts.
Spider Web Glue: Two Proteins Expressed from Opposite Strands of the Same DNA Sequence (2009)

The various silks that make up the web of the orb web spiders have been studied extensively. However, success in prey capture depends as much on the web glue as on the fibers. Spider silk glue, which is considered one of the strongest and most effective biological glues, is an aqueous solution secreted from the orb weaving spider's aggregate glands and coats the spiral prey capturing threads of their webs. Studies identified the major component of the glue as microscopic nodules made of a glycoprotein. This study describes two newly discovered proteins that form the glue-glycoprotein of the golden orb weaving spider Nephila clavipes . Our results demonstrate that both proteins contain unique 110 amino acid repetitive domains that are encoded by opposite strands of the same DNA sequence. Thus, the genome of the spider encodes two distinct yet functionally related genes by using both strands of an identical DNA sequence. Moreover, the closest match for the nonrepetitive region of one of the proteins is chitin binding proteins. The web glue appears to have evolved a substantial level of sophistication matching that of the spider silk fibers.