gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SpecLDA: Modeling Product Reviews and Specifications to Generate Augmented Specifications (2015)

Product specifications are often available for a product on E-commerce websites. However, novice customers often do not have enough knowledge to understand all features of a product, especially advanced features. In order to provide useful knowledge to the customers, we propose to automatically generate augmented product specifications, which contains relevant opinions for product feature values, feature importance, and product-specific words. Specifically, we propose a novel Specification Latent Dirichlet Allocation (SpecLDA) that can enable us to effectively model product reviews and specifications at the same time. It mines review texts relevant to a feature value in order to inform customers what other customers have said about the feature value in reviews of the same product and also different products. SpecLDA can also infer importance of each feature and infer which words are special for each product so that customers quickly understand products. Experiment results show that SpecLDA can effectively model product reviews with specifications. The model can be used for any text collections with specification (key-value) type prior knowledge.
Proposed target Introduction of a chloride selective channel to the apical membrane of epithelial cells in lung airways and the gut (1998)

(1998). Proposed target Introduction of a chloride selective channel to the apical membrane of epithelial cells in lung airways and the gut. Emerging Therapeutic Targets: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 5-9.
An Integrated Surfactant Solubilization and PCB Bioremediation Process for Soils (1998)

Two decades after the manufacture and use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were banned, PCB contamination remains widespread in the environment. Technologies available for PCB remediation are limited and often impractical for soils with dispersed PCB contamination. In this study, two remediation processes have been integrated for use on PCB-contaminated soils. This remediation strategy links in situ surfactant washing of PCBs from soil with aerobic biodegradation of the resulting surfactant-PCB solution by two field application vectors (F A Vs), Pseudomonas putida IFL5::TnPCB and Ralstonia eutropha B30F4::TnPCB, which utilize surfac-tants as growth substrates and cometabolize PCBs. A bench-scale demonstration of this process was performed using PCB-contaminated soils from an electric power substation site. In a 2-day recycling wash using a 1% (wt/vol) surfactant solution, greater than 70% of the PCBs were removed from the soil. In the biodegradation phase, greater than 90% of the surfactant and 35% of the PCBs were biodegraded in 12 days. The residual PCBs were partitioned onto a solid carrier resulting in greater than 90% removal of PCBs from the bioreactor effluent and a 50-fold reduction in the amount of PCB-contaminated material.
Carbon nanotube structured hydrogen sensors (2009)

A nanostructured sensor based on double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) was fabricated and assessed for hydrogen gas detection. DWNT networks were used as an active substrate material evaporated with layers of palladium nanoparticles of three thicknesses 1, 3 and 6 nm. The electrical resistance change of nanosensor with hydrogen gas exposure in compressed air at room temperature was monitored. The nanostructures were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hydrogen concentrations as low as 0.05 vol% (500 ppm) can be detected at room temperature. Sensitivity values as high as 65% and response times of about 3 seconds were obtained. The results indicate that DWNT- based sensors exhibit comparable performance as that for SWNT-based high performance hydrogen sensors, but with potential improvement in mechanical and thermal resistance associated with the double layer structure.
Microwave Stethoscope: Development and Benchmarking of a Vital Signs Sensor Using Computer-Controlled Phantoms and Human Studies (2013)

This paper describes a new microwave-based method and associated measurement system for monitoring multiple vital signs (VS) as well as the changes in lung water content. The measurement procedure utilizes a single microwave sensor for reflection coefficient measurements, hence the name "microwave stethoscope (MiSt)," as opposed to the two-sensor transmission method previously proposed by the authors. To compensate for the reduced sensitivity due to reflection coefficient measurements, an improved microwave sensor design with enhanced matching to the skin and broadband operation, as well as an advanced digital signal processing algorithm are used in developing the MiSt. Results from phantom experiments and human clinical trials are described. The results clearly demonstrate that MiSt provides reliable monitoring of multiple VS such as the respiration rate, heart rate, and the changes in lung water content through a single microwave measurement. In addition, information such as heart waveforms that correlates well with electrocardiogram is observed from these microwave measurements. Details of the broadband sensor design, experimental procedure, DSP algorithms used for VS extraction, and obtained results are presented and discussed.
The Arctic mutation interferes with processing of the amyloid precursor protein (2002)

The Arctic amyloid precursor protein (APP) Alzheimer mutation, is located inside the beta-amyloid (Abeta) domain. Here, hybrid APP mutants containing both the Swedish and the Arctic APP mutations were investigated. ELISA measurements of cell media showed decreased levels of both Abeta40 and Abeta42. Similar results were obtained for the Dutch and Italian mutations, whereas the Flemish mutation displayed increased amounts of Abeta40 and Abeta42. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed increased Abeta40/p3 and Abeta42/p3 ratios for the Arctic mutation. These results were further verified by quantification revealing decreased levels of alphaAPPs accompanied by increased betaAPPs levels in the media. Thus, the pathogenic effects of the Arctic mutation may not only be due to the changed properties of the peptide but also altered processing of Arctic APP.
Optical Properties of Liquid Crystal Lens of Any Size (2002)

A liquid crystal lens with a simple cell structure is prepared using a hole-patterned electrode and an intermediate insulating layer. The focal length is variable and is a function of the applied voltage. With this new structure, it is possible to fabricate liquid crystal lenses of any size.
Kalman filter for speech enhancement in cocktail party scenarios using a codebook-based approach (2016)

Enhancement of speech in non-stationary background noise is a challenging task, and conventional single channel speech enhancement algorithms have not been able to improve the speech intelligibility in such scenarios. The work proposed in this paper investigates a single channel Kalman filter based speech enhancement algorithm, whose parameters are estimated using a codebook based approach. The results indicate that the enhancement algorithm is able to improve the speech intelligibility and quality according to objective measures. Moreover, we investigate the effects of utilizing a speaker specific trained codebook over a generic speech codebook in relation to the performance of the speech enhancement system.
30.3: Seamless Tiling Technology for Large Direct‐View Color AMLCD's (2000)

Abstract We describe a novel low cost seamless AMLCD tiling technology that has been developed by Rainbow Displays, Inc. This tiling technology facilitates robust, continuous, and uniform displays without visible seams. Prototype displays with 4 tiles, 38.6″ diagonal size, 4×3 aspect ratio, 800×600 resolution, 200 nit brightness, and 160° horizontal viewing angles have been built. Displays with 16×9 aspect ratio and higher resolution are under development.
Effect of proton irradiation on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor off-state drain breakdown voltage (2014)

The effect of proton irradiation on the off-state drain breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on Si substrates was studied by irradiating protons from the backside of the samples through via holes fabricated directly under the active area of the HEMTs. There was no degradation of drain current nor enhancement of off-state drain voltage breakdown voltage observed for HEMTs irradiated with 275 keV protons, for which the defects created by the proton irradiation were intentionally placed in the GaN buffer. HEMTs with defects positioned in the 2 dimensional electron gas channel region and AlGaN barrier using 330 keV protons not only showed degradation of both drain current and extrinsic transconductance but also exhibited an improvement of the off-state drain breakdown voltage. Finite-element simulations showed the enhancement of the latter were due to a reduction in electric field strength at the gate edges by introduction of charged defects.
Small Pulmonary Nodules: Volume Measurement at Chest CT—Phantom Study (2003)

Three-dimensional methods for quantifying pulmonary nodule volume at computed tomography (CT) and the effect of imaging variables were studied by using a realistic phantom. Two fixed-threshold methods, a partial-volume method (PVM) and a variable method, were used to calculate volumes of 40 plastic nodules (largest dimension, <5 mm: 20 nodules with solid attenuation and 20 with ground-glass attenuation) of known volume. Tube current times (20 and 120 mAs), reconstruction algorithms (high and low frequency), and nodule characteristics were studied. Higher precision was associated with use of a PVM with predetermined pure nodule attenuation, high-frequency algorithm, and diagnostic CT technique (120 mAs). A PVM is promising for volume quantification and follow-up of nodules.
Efficient and Scalable Algorithms for Inferring Likely Invariants in Distributed Systems (2007)

Distributed systems generate a large amount of monitoring data such as log files to track their operational status. However, it is hard to correlate such monitoring data effectively across distributed systems and along observation time for system management. In previous work, we proposed a concept named flow intensity to measure the intensity with which internal monitoring data reacts to the volume of user requests. We calculated flow intensity measurements from monitoring data and proposed an algorithm to automatically search constant relationships between flow intensities measured at various points across distributed systems. If such relationships hold all the time, we regard them as invariants of the underlying systems. Invariants can be used to characterize complex systems and support various system management tasks. However, the computational complexity of the previous invariant search algorithm is high so that it may not scale well in large systems with thousands of measurements. In this paper, we propose two efficient but approximate algorithms for inferring invariants in large-scale systems. The computational complexity of new randomized algorithms is significantly reduced, and experimental results from a real system are also included to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our new algorithms.
Minimally Invasive Retinal Prosthesis (2006)

A wireless retinal implant with a low-power area-efficient stimulator chip features an ASK demodulator, single-ended-to-differential converter, low-power DLL and programmable current drivers. The chip dissipates 1.3mW from ± 2.5V at a data rate of 100kb/s. The chip is powered and driven through a wireless inductive link separated by 15mm
Severely impaired terminal erythroid differentiation as an independent prognostic marker in myelodysplastic syndromes (2018)

Anemia is the defining feature in most patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), yet defects in erythropoiesis have not been well characterized. We examined freshly obtained bone marrow (BM) samples for stage-specific abnormalities during terminal erythroid differentiation (TED) from 221 samples (MDS, n = 205 from 113 unique patients; normal, n = 16) by measuring the surface expression of glycophorin A, band 3, and integrin α-4. Clinical and biologic associations were sought with presence or absence of TED and the specific stage of erythroid arrest. In 27% of MDS samples (56/205), there was no quantifiable TED documented by surface expression of integrin α-4 and band 3 by terminally differentiating erythroblasts. Absence of quantifiable TED was associated with a significantly worse overall survival (56 vs 103 months, <i>P</i> = .0001) and <i>SRSF2</i> mutations (7/23, <i>P</i> < .05). In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, absence of TED remained independently significant across International Prognostic Scoring System-Revised (IPSS-R) categories, myeloid/erythroid ratio, and mutations in several genes. In 149/205 MDS samples, the proportion of cells undergoing TED did not follow the expected 1:2:4:8:16 doubling pattern in successive stages. Absence of TED emerged as a powerful independent prognostic marker of poor overall survival across all IPSS-R categories in MDS, and SRSF2 mutations were more frequently associated with absence of TED.
Dynamic ventricular overdrive stimulation in atrial fibrillation: effects on ventricular rate irregularity, ventricular pacing, and fusion beats (2011)

Dynamic ventricular overdrive decreases HR irregularity and increases ventricular pacing rate compared with VVI pacing at fixed elevated base rates and spontaneous rhythm. Fusion index might help to refine information on pacing percentages provided by device counters.
WebRelate: integrating web data with spreadsheets using examples (2017)

Data integration between web sources and relational data is a key challenge faced by data scientists and spreadsheet users. There are two main challenges in programmatically joining web data with relational data. First, most websites do not expose a direct interface to obtain tabular data, so the user needs to formulate a logic to get to different webpages for each input row in the relational table. Second, after reaching the desired webpage, the user needs to write complex scripts to extract the relevant data, which is often conditioned on the input data. Since many data scientists and end-users come from diverse backgrounds, writing such complex regular-expression based logical scripts to perform data integration tasks is unfortunately often beyond their programming expertise. We present WebRelate, a system that allows users to join semi-structured web data with relational data in spreadsheets using input-output examples. WebRelate decomposes the web data integration task into two sub-tasks of i) URL learning and ii) input-dependent web extraction. We introduce a novel synthesis paradigm called "Output-constrained Programming By Examples", which allows us to use the finite set of possible outputs for the new inputs to efficiently constrain the search in the synthesis algorithm. We instantiate this paradigm for the two sub-tasks in WebRelate. The first sub-task generates the URLs for the webpages containing the desired data for all rows in the relational table. WebRelate achieves this by learning a string transformation program using a few example URLs. The second sub-task uses examples of desired data to be extracted from the corresponding webpages and learns a program to extract the data for the other rows. We design expressive domain-specific languages for URL generation and web data extraction, and present efficient synthesis algorithms for learning programs in these DSLs from few input-output examples. We evaluate WebRelate on 88 real-world web data integration tasks taken from online help forums and Excel product team, and show that WebRelate can learn the desired programs within few seconds using only 1 example for the majority of the tasks.
Acoustic positioning and orientation prediction (1991)

A method is described for use with an acoustic positioner, which enables a determination of the equilibrium position and orientation which an object assumes in a zero gravity environment, as well as restoring forces and torques of an object in an acoustic standing wave field. An acoustic standing wave field is established in the chamber, and the object is held at several different positions near the expected equilibrium position. While the object is held at each position, the center resonant frequency of the chamber is determined, by noting which frequency results in the greatest pressure of the acoustic field. The object position which results in the lowest center resonant frequency is the equilibrium position. The orientation of a nonspherical object is similarly determined, by holding the object in a plurality of different orientations at its equilibrium position, and noting the center resonant frequency for each orientation. The orientation which results in the lowest center resonant frequency is the equilibrium orientation. Where the acoustic frequency is constant, but the chamber length is variable, the equilibrium position or orientation is that which results in the greatest chamber length at the center resonant frequency.
Artificial Bandwidth Extension Based Packet Loss Concealment for CELP-Type Speech Coders (2013)

In this paper, a packet loss concealment (PLC) algorithm is proposed to improve the quality of decoded speech when packet losses occur in a code- excited linear prediction (CELP)-type speech coder. The proposed PLC algorithm is based on artificial bandwidth extension (ABE) from narrowband to wideband, consisting of packet loss concealment in the narrow-band, ABE in the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) domain, and smoothing of wideband MDCT coefficients with those of the last good frame. The effectiveness of the proposed PLC algorithm is demonstrated by an informal listening test.
Quantitative detection of the molecular changes associated with early cataractogenesis in the living human lens using quasielastic light scattering (1987)

We have used quasielastic light scattering to detect and quantitatively characterize the molecular changes associated with the early stages of cataractogenesis in the living human lens. The autocorrelation function of the fluctuations in the light scattered by the lens shows the presence of two major species responsible for the scattering. The first, fast diffusing species (f), has a diffusivity of approximately 3 x 10(-7) cm2/sec and corresponds to the alpha crystallin proteins. The second, slow diffusing species (s), has a diffusivity of approximately 10(-9) cm2/sec and corresponds to the diffusivity of a large aggregate. The intensity of light If and Is scattered into the collection optics by each of these species was also measured. We studied a group of 49 individuals ranging in age from 21 years to 82 years. In this group 40 presented with preoperative cataract development. In this patient population we found that regardless of age, or position in the lens that a plot of Itot = If+Is versus Is could be well fitted by a straight line with a slope less than unity and a positive intercept Ifo. It has been possible to explain this finding using a two state model for the molecular changes associated with early cataractogenesis. In this model the proteins in the slow diffusing species are aggregates each containing a definite number of rapidly diffusing proteins. The early development of cataract is represented by the redistribution of protein between the unaggregated form (f) and the aggregated form (s). The prediction for the relationship between Itot and Is based on this two state model is in very good agreement with our experimental data. Indeed the measured position of the point (Itot, Is) along this line provides a sensitive, and quantitative measure of the degree of cataract development at any selected location in the lens.
Chemical reactions in pulsed plasma with organic liquid spray (2013)

Summary form only given. Electrical discharges in gas-liquid environments and in liquids (including water and a range of organic compounds) have been studied for applications in electrical transmission, chemical destruction in pollution control, chemical synthesis, polymerization and polymer surface treatment, biological inactivation and biomedical treatments, and materials and nano-particle synthesis, and combustion. It has been found that for the purposes of chemical synthesis plasma generated by moderate frequency low energy pulses in a flowing carrier gas with the addition of a spray of fine aerosol particles or a thin film of liquid leads to the highest energy yield for the production of hydrogen peroxide from pure water. Previous work supports the hypothesis that, in the case of hydrogen peroxide generation by plasma with water droplets, the water droplets function to collect the gas phase generated hydrogen peroxide as well as to provide a large source of water molecules to the plasma. At low plasma power the water droplets are not fully vaporized, and due to the high solubility of hydrogen peroxide in water, the hydrogen peroxide formed in the gas phase is captured by the liquid water droplets where the plasma generated radicals do not cause significant degradation. In addition, large temporal and spatial gradients in the plasma reactor lead to more efficient utilization of the plasma to synthesize hydrogen peroxide. Using inspiration and techniques developed in the previous work with water, the main objective of the present work is to develop and explore the synthesis of organic compounds from organic liquid droplets injected into the plasma. The focus is on hydrocarbons that are liquids at room temperature (e.g., hexane). Plasma processes with liquid organic droplets and thin liquid films may provide the means to introduce reactive species (e.g., OH and H radicals) into organic compounds through spatial and temporal control of the plasma.
Silicon Based System for Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism Detection: Chip Fabrication and Thermal Characterization of Polymerase Chain Reaction Microchamber (2012)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a difference in the DNA sequence of one nucleotide only. We recently proposed a lab-on-a-chip (LoC) system which has the potentiality of fast, sensitive and highly specific SNP detection. Most of the chip components are silicon based and fabricated within a single process. In this paper, the newly developed fabrication method for the silicon chip is presented. The robust and reliable process allows etching structures on the same chip with very different aspect ratios. The characterization of a crucial component to the LoC SNP detector, the microreactor where DNA amplification is performed, is also detailed. Thanks to innovative design and fabrication methodologies, the microreactor has an excellent thermal isolation from the surrounding silicon substrate. This allows for highly localized temperature control. Furthermore, the microreactor is demonstrated to have rapid heating and cooling rates, allowing for rapid amplification of the target DNA fragments. Successful DNA amplification in the microreactor is demonstrated.
Spread Spectrum Modulation and Signal Masking Using Synchronized Chaotic Systems (1992)

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-37).