gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>H pylori</i>and gastric cancer: Shifting the global burden (2006)

Infection with H pylori leads to a persistent chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, thereby increasing the risk of distal gastric adenocarcinoma. Numerous studies have determined a clear correlation between H pylori infection and the risk of gastric cancer; however, general eradication is not recommended as cancer prophylaxis and time points for treatment remain controversial in different areas of the world. Prevalence rates in Western countries are decreasing, especially in younger people (< 10%); and a decline in distal gastric adenocarcinoma has been observed. Risk groups in Western countries still show considerably higher risk of developing cancer, especially in patients infected with cagA+ strains and in persons harboring genetic polymorphism of the IL-1B promoter (-511T/T) and the corresponding IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN*2). Thus, general eradication of all infected persons in Western countries not recommended and is limited to risk groups in order to achieve a risk reduction. In contrast, infection rates and cancer prevalence are still high in East Asian countries. A prevention strategy to treat infected persons may avoid the development of gastric cancer to a large extent and with enormous clinical importance. However, studies in China and Japan indicate that prevention of gastric cancer is effective only in those patients that do not display severe histological changes such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Thus, prophylactic strategies to prevent gastric cancer in high risk populations such as China should therefore especially aim at individuals now at younger age when the histological alterations caused by the bacterial infection was still reversible. In countries with a low prevalence of gastric cancer, risk groups carrying cagA+ strains and IL-1 genetic polymorphisms should be identified and treated.
Distributed Beamforming for the Multicell Sparsely-Spread MC-CDMA Downlink (2017)

We propose a beamforming technique for the multicell downlink of a multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system with sparse signatures. We propose a distributed beamforming algorithm using the sum-product algorithm. The distributed beamforming algorithm converges very quickly to the centralized beamforming solution, minimizing the delay associated with computation of the transmit vector. The complexity of distributed beamforming depends on the number of base stations (BSs) that are in range of each user, not on the size of the entire network.
Oxygen-nickel bond length in Ni(111)-<i>p</i>(2×2)O determined by electron-energy-loss fine-structure spectroscopy (1990)

We have measured the oxygen-nickel distance in Ni(111)-p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)O using the electron-energy-loss fine-structure technique. Using the phase shift obtained on a heavily oxidized sample, we obtained 1.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 \AA{}. This value is in slight disagreement with that obtained in 1975 by low-energy electron diffraction by Marcus et al. and with that predicted more recently by a simple model. It is nearly equal to the sum of Slater's ``hard-sphere'' radii.
An Evaluation Framework for Ray-Triangle Intersection Algorithms (2005)

We show that comparing geometrical algorithms, in general, is very hard to do in a fair way. Our focus here is on the existing ray-triangle intersection test routines. A set of rules are developed so that a fair comparison can be produced, and this is all implemented in an evaluation framework. If all algorithms are evaluated using different hit rates, on different machines, for different input and output data, and different compilers, then it is impossible to single out one "best" algorithm. However, we provide ranking tables of the algorithms as well as top-five lists for all test computers, which can help a reader pick a good algorithm. Furthermore, a program called a "ray-triangle advisor" is developed that people can use in order to determine which algorithm works best under their particular circumstances. We hope our work can be useful for both developers of new intersection algorithms as well as for users of ray-triangle intersection algorithms.
Discrete Dynamics of Nanoparticle Channelling in Suspended Graphene (2011)

We have observed a previously undescribed stepwise oxidation of mono- and few layer suspended graphene by silver nanoparticles in situ at subnanometer scale in an environmental transmission electron microscope. Over the range of 600-850 K, we observe crystallographically oriented channelling with rates in the range 0.01-1 nm/s and calculate an activation energy of 0.557 ± 0.016 eV. We present a discrete statistical model for this process and discuss the implications for accurate nanoscale patterning of nanoscale systems.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells prevents transforming growth factor beta1-induced apoptosis. (1996)

Insulin-like growth factors initiate tyrosyl phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate I (IRS-I) protein and activate multiple signaling pathways essential for liver growth. This gene has been found to be up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and overexpression of IRS-1 in NIH 3T3 cells leads to malignant transformation with activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. To explore another possible role of IRS-I in hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined the capability of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), a known negative regulator of hepatocyte growth, to induce programmed cell death in the context of IRS-I overexpression. Hep3B HCC cells were stably transfected with a retroviral vector containing the IRS-I gene. The overexpressed IRS-I protein was highly tyrosyl phosphorylated following insulin/insulin- like growth factor I stimulation and led to constitutive activation of downstream signal transduction molecules such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Although parental Hep3B cells were sensitive to apoptosis, the Hep3B-IRS-I-transfected cells acquired resistance to TGF-beta1-induced programmed cell death. Our investigations suggest that IRS-I-mediated signals may act as survival factors and protect against TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis in HCC; this phenomenon may contribute to hepatic oncogenesis.
[Comparison between the analgesic effects of buprenorphine and morphine in conscious man (author's transl)]. (1980)

Morphine chlorhydrate and buprenorphine chlorhydrate are given intramuscularly at increasing doses to patients suffering from intense pain in the facial or trigeminal nerves territory. No other drugs are used. The diverses groups of ten patients received respectively: --morphine: 0.100, 0.150, 0.200 mg/kg; --buprenorphine: 0.0015, 0.003, 0.006 mg/kg. On the whole, the analgesia is induced after a short time and is more durable, more intense as the dose is increased. Yet, concerning buprenorphine, the analgesia is not more intense with the 0.006 mg/kg dose, than with the 0.003 mg/kg dose. This phenomenon, if confirmed, would be an important limitation for the clinical use of this drug. For equianalgesic doses buprenorphine and morphine give an analgesia similar in time of initiation and in duration.
Functional analysis of chimeric genes obtained by exchanging homologous domains of the mouse mdr1 and mdr2 genes. (1991)

A full-length cDNA clone for the mouse mdr1 gene can confer multidrug resistance when introduced by transfection into otherwise drug-sensitive cells. In the same assay, a full-length cDNA clone for a closely related member of the mouse mdr gene family, mdr2, fails to confer multidrug resistance. To identify the domains of mdr1 which are essential for multidrug resistance and which may be functionally distinct in mdr2, we have constructed chimeric cDNA molecules in which discrete domains of mdr2 have been introduced into the homologous region of mdr1 and analyzed these chimeras for their capacity to transfer drug resistance. The two predicted ATP-binding domains of mdr2 were found to be functional, as either could complement the biological activity of mdr1. Likewise, a chimeric molecule in which the highly sequence divergent linker domain of mdr2 had been introduced in mdr1 could also confer drug resistance. However, the replacement of either the amino- or carboxy-terminus transmembrane (TM) domain regions of mdr1 by the homologous segments of mdr2 resulted in inactive chimeras. The replacement of as few as two TM domains from either the amino (TM5-6) or the carboxy (TM7-8) half of mdr1 by the homologous mdr2 regions was sufficient to destroy the activity of mdr1. These results suggest that the functional differences detected between mdr1 and mdr2 in our transfection assay reside within the predicted TM domains.
An AP-1/clathrin coat plays a novel and essential role in forming the Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells (2005)

Clathrin provides an external scaffold to form small 50-100-nm transport vesicles. In contrast, formation of much larger dense-cored secretory granules is driven by selective aggregation of internal cargo at the trans-Golgi network; the only known role of clathrin in dense-cored secretory granules formation is to remove missorted proteins by small, coated vesicles during maturation of these spherical organelles. The formation of Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) is also cargo driven, but these are cigar-shaped organelles up to 5 mum long. We hypothesized that a cytoplasmic coat might be required to make these very different structures, and we found that new and forming WPBs are extensively, sometimes completely, coated. Overexpression of an AP-180 truncation mutant that prevents clathrin coat formation or reduced AP-1 expression by small interfering RNA both block WPB formation. We propose that, in contrast to other secretory granules, cargo aggregation alone is not sufficient to form immature WPBs and that an external scaffold that contains AP-1 and clathrin is essential.
Graph-based Editor for SWRL Rule Bases (2013)

Abstract. In this paper we present a prototypical implementation of a graphical tool for creating and editing (DL-safe) SWRL rules. The tool uses a graphbased approach to model rules expressed in the SWRL language. Rules are built from concepts and roles defined in an OWL ontology. Such a knowledge base can be visualised and edited in a user-friendly interface. Moreover, the presented tool provides methods for graphical representation of data and results of reasoning performed with the Pellet engine. We present a process of creating a knowledge base of family relationships as an example case. Perspectives of our future work are also presented.
Magnetic resonance imaging protocols for paediatric neuroradiology (2007)

Increasingly, radiologists are encouraged to have protocols for all imaging studies and to include imaging guidelines in care pathways set up by the referring clinicians. This is particularly advantageous in MRI where magnet time is limited and a radiologist's review of each patient's images often results in additional sequences and longer scanning times without the advantage of improvement in diagnostic ability. The difficulties of imaging small children and the challenges presented to the radiologist as the brain develops are discussed. We present our protocols for imaging the brain and spine of children based on 20 years experience of paediatric neurological MRI. The protocols are adapted to suit children under the age of 2 years, small body parts and paediatric clinical scenarios.
A passive EMI filter for an adjustable-speed motor driven by a 400-V three-level diode-clamped inverter (2004)

This paper deals with a passive EMI filter designed for a 400-V, 15-kW induction motor driven by a three-level diode-clamped PWM inverter with a carrier frequency of 8 kHz. The EMI filter consists of a common-mode filter and a small-sized dv/dt reduction circuit. The common-mode filter is unique in terms of access to the motor neutral point. It can remove the common-mode voltage produced by the inverter from the motor terminals. This succeeds in eliminating both high-frequency motor shaft voltage and ground leakage current from the inverter-driven motor. The viability and effectiveness of the EMI filter is verified by experimental results even in the case that the motor is 100 m away from the inverter.
Axon Degeneration and Regeneration: Insights from Drosophila Models of Nerve Injury (2012)

Axon degeneration is the pivotal pathological event of acute traumatic neural injury as well as many chronic neurodegenerative diseases. It is an active cellular program and yet molecularly distinct from cell death. Much effort is devoted toward understanding the nature of axon degeneration and promoting axon regeneration. However, the fundamental mechanisms of self-destruction of damaged axons remain unclear, and there are still few treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI). Genetically approachable model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, have proven exceptionally successful in modeling human neurodegenerative diseases. More recently, this success has been extended into the field of acute axon injury and regeneration. In this review, we discuss recent findings, focusing on how these models hold promise for accelerating mechanistic insight into axon injury and identifying potential therapeutic targets for TBI and SCI.
Doubling the Chromosome Number of Trifolium Species Using Nitrous Oxide<sup>1</sup> (1976)

To determine the effect of nitrous oxide on chromosome doubling in diploid red dover ( Trifolium pratense L.), excised heads were treated at 6 bars atmospheric pressure. Treatment commenced2 4 hours after crossing and continued for the following 24 hours. Of the plants which flowered, 71% were classified as tetraploid based on pollen size. Subsequent root‐tip and PMC chromosome counts of 136 of these plants revealed that 119 were tetraploid, 3 were diploid, and 12 were aneuploid. Two plants died before chromosome counts were made. The technique produced 49 and 79% tetraploids in T. alpestre L. and T. rubens L. respectively. The chromosome numbers of T. noricum Wulf. and T. pallidum Wald. and Kit. were successfully doubled also. Ease and frequency of chromosome doubling was considerably higher and production of mixaploids was lower than in previously‐reported colchicine treatments. The treatment was toxic to T. hirtum All. and T. heldreichianum Hausn.
Analysis of Power Electronic Interface for Capacitive MEMS Energy Harvesters (2017)

This paper presents an alternative to electrical configuration of capacitive energy harvesters with multiple transducers. The configuration is constructed to combine all the transducer outputs into a single output and performs identically to the linear two-port model. Further development of a power electronic interface circuit is investigated by circuit simulation. The circuit is used to convert the AC outputs of the harvester to a DC voltage and has a tunable resistive input impedance. The introduced topology shows a significant improvement in comparison with the conventional circuit using a full bridge rectifier. The maximum output power is two times higher when the losses of electronic components are taken into account.
Isolation of Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Neutralize Human Rotavirus (2004)

A human antibody library constructed by utilizing a phage display system was used for the isolation of human antibodies with neutralizing activity specific for human rotavirus. In the library, the Fab form of an antibody fused to truncated cp3 is expressed on the phage surface. Purified virions of strain KU (G1 serotype and P[8] genotype) were used as antigen. Twelve different clones were isolated. Based on their amino acid sequences, they were classified into three groups. Three representative clones-1-2H, 2-3E, and 2-11G-were characterized. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with virus-like particles (VLP-VP2/6 and VLP-VP2/6/7) and recombinant VP4 protein produced from baculovirus recombinants indicated that 1-2H and 2-3E bind to VP4 and that 2-11G binds to VP7. The neutralization epitope recognized by each of the three human antibodies might be human specific, since all of the antigenic mutants resistant to mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibodies previously prepared were neutralized by the human antibodies obtained here. After conversion from the Fab form of an antibody into immunoglobulin G1, the neutralizing activities of these three clones toward various human rotavirus strains were examined. The 1-2H antibody exhibited neutralizing activity toward human rotaviruses with either the P[4] or P[8] genotype. Similarly, the 2-3E antibody showed cross-reactivity against HRVs with the P[6], as well as the P[8] genotype. In contrast, the 2-11G antibody neutralized only human rotaviruses with the G1 serotype. The concentration of antibodies required for 50% neutralization ranged from 0.8 to 20 micro g/ml.
Extending Nocuous Ambiguity Analysis for Anaphora in Natural Language Requirements (2010)

This paper presents an approach to automatically identify potentially nocuous ambiguities, which occur when text is interpreted differently by different readers of requirements written in natural language. We extract a set of anaphora ambiguities from a range of requirements documents, and collect multiple human judgments on their interpretations. The judgment distribution is used to determine if an ambiguity is nocuous or innocuous. We investigate a number of antecedent preference heuristics that we use to explore aspects of anaphora which may lead a reader to favour a particular interpretation. Using machine learning techniques, we build an automated tool to predict the antecedent preference of noun phrase candidates, which in turn is used to identify nocuous ambiguity. We report on a series of experiments that we conducted to evaluate the performance of our automated system. The results show that the system achieves high recall with a consistent improvement on baseline precision subject to some ambiguity tolerance levels, allowing us to explore and highlight realistic and potentially problematic ambiguities in actual requirements documents.
The Characterization of Cell Death Induced by 1-(3-<i>C</i>-Ethynyl-β-D-<i>ribo</i>-Pentofuranosyl)Cytosine (ECyd) in FM3A Cells (1998)

The characterization of cell death induced by 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D- ribopentofuranosyl) cytosine (ECyd), a potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis, was performed using mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells in vitro. Accompanied with the cell death induced by ECyd (3.0 muM) -treatment, about 100-200 kbp-sized and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation were observed by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis (OFAGE) and conventional gel electrophoresis, respectively. Protease inhibitors, carbobenzoxy-L-aspart-1-yl[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]methane (Z-Asp-CH2-DCB), N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and N-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), effectively blocked the cell death, suggesting that the proteases inhibited by Z-Asp-CH2-DCB, TLCK or TPCK were involved in the process of cell death.
Wavelet Domain Radiofrequency Pulse Design Applied to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2015)

A new method for designing radiofrequency (RF) pulses with numerical optimization in the wavelet domain is presented. Numerical optimization may yield solutions that might otherwise have not been discovered with analytic techniques alone. Further, processing in the wavelet domain reduces the number of unknowns through compression properties inherent in wavelet transforms, providing a more tractable optimization problem. This algorithm is demonstrated with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) spin echo refocusing pulses because reduced peak RF power is necessary for SMS diffusion imaging with high acceleration factors. An iterative, nonlinear, constrained numerical minimization algorithm was developed to generate an optimized RF pulse waveform. Wavelet domain coefficients were modulated while iteratively running a Bloch equation simulator to generate the intermediate slice profile of the net magnetization. The algorithm minimizes the L2-norm of the slice profile with additional terms to penalize rejection band ripple and maximize the net transverse magnetization across each slice. Simulations and human brain imaging were used to demonstrate a new RF pulse design that yields an optimized slice profile and reduced peak energy deposition when applied to a multiband single-shot echo planar diffusion acquisition. This method may be used to optimize factors such as magnitude and phase spectral profiles and peak RF pulse power for multiband simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisitions. Wavelet-based RF pulse optimization provides a useful design method to achieve a pulse waveform with beneficial amplitude reduction while preserving appropriate magnetization response for magnetic resonance imaging.
Treatment of <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> hyperinfection‐associated septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome with drotrecogin alfa (activated) in a renal transplant recipient (2009)

We report a case of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome in a renal transplant recipient complicated by septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and Klebsiella pneumoniae superinfection. The patient was treated successfully with drotrecogin alfa (activated), parenteral ivermectin, albendazole, and piperacillin/tazobactam. This outcome suggests that drotrecogin alfa (activated) may be useful therapy for transplant recipients who develop severe sepsis or septic shock secondary to potentially lethal opportunistic infections.
Coupled U-shaped cantilever actuators for 1×4 and 2×2 optical fibre switches (2000)

Thermally-driven coupled cantilever actuators for multistable switching in micromechanical 1×4 and 2×2 optical fibre switches are presented. The coupled U-shaped cantilevers for a lateral movement of fibres eliminate angular displacements. The clamp mechanism for multistable switching makes use of an H-shaped buckling platform and results in latching type switches. The coupled U-shaped actuators are thermally-driven with a power of approximately 350 mW and 1 W for the 2×2 switch and the two outer fibres of the 1×4 switch, respectively. The power needed for the two inner fibres of the 1×4 switch corresponds to the 2×2 switch behaviour. A switching time of 300 ms has been achieved so far. The first fabricated micromechanical 2×2 and 1×4 switches show good optical properties with insertion losses less than or equal to 1 dB and a crosstalk less than -60 dB. The fabrication is based on full-wafer micromachining using V-grooves both for fibre alignment and for cantilever formation in {100} silicon.
Automated feature detection and characterization in sort wafer maps (2005)

This paper describes the technique used by a wafer map analysis system that the author has developed to characterize spatial features on gray scale cumulative wafer maps. The technique combines image processing with neural networks: the former enhances features and extracts certain attributes from the map, and the latter determines the categories, extents, and locations of features based on these extracted attributes. The paper also presents the results of running this wafer map analysis system on data derived from real Intel Fabs. Prototypes of this system have been operational in several advanced Intel Fabs for more than two years and have enjoyed considerable success.