gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NICE (2018)

All Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architectures proposed to date aim at connecting users to content directly, rather than connecting clients to servers. Surprisingly, however, although content caching is an integral of any information-Centric Network, limited work has been reported on information-centric management of caches in the context of an ICN. Indeed, approaches to cache management in networks of caches have focused on network connectivity rather than proximity to content.
Spectroscopic detection of bladder cancer using near-infrared imaging techniques (2004)

High-contrast imaging of bladder cancer is demonstrated using near-infrared autofluorescence under long-wavelength laser excitation in combination with cross-polarized elastic light scattering. Fresh unprocessed surgical specimens obtained following cystectomy or transurethral resection were utilized and a set of images for each tissue sample was recorded. These images were compared with the histopathology of the tissue sample. The experimental results indicate that the intensity of the near-infrared emission as well as that of the cross-polarized backscattered light was considerably different in cancer tissues than in that of the contiguous nonneoplastic tissues, allowing an accurate delineation of a tumor's margins.
Navigating and Imaging in Complex Geology with Azimuthal Propagation Resistivity while Drilling (2006)

Abstract Reservoir navigation with LWD resistivity has traditionally relied on matching real time measurements with ideal logs. Reservoir navigation engineers initially build one or more resistivity models including all expected resistivity boundaries such as oil-water contact, reservoir to cap rock interface, faults and unconformities. Then, during drilling, they direct the well and update the earth model by matching actual measurements with forward response model data. Because common LWD resistivity sensors cannot differentiate between an oil-water contact approaching from below and a shale lens approaching from above or from the side, the reservoir navigation engineer fills in the missing information through expertise and local knowledge. In case of complex geology however, such as reservoirs with tilted or rotated fault blocks, multiple fluid contact levels, cross-stratification and shale intrusions, navigation becomes much more challenging and the risk of getting geologically lost is high. In recent years imaging LWD tools were introduced to help reduce the azimuthal uncertainty but they were limited to a few inches in lateral investigation. A new azimuthally sensitive propagation resistivity tool was recently tested for reservoir navigation and formation imaging in some of the more complex reservoirs of the North Sea. In cases where standard omni directional tool responses would lead to ambiguous interpretations, the azimuthally sensitive tool provided the basis for clear geosteering advice. A new imaging algorithm helped visualize approaching beds much like modern imaging devices, but with a depth of investigation reaching several feet into the formation. At fault crossings, the azimuthally sensitive signal helped recognize the relative movement of the formations on either side of the fault. In other instances where the well was run immediately below the cap rock, deep looking azimuthal propagation anticipated the intersection by several hundred feet. Also, analysis of the detailed deep electrical images brought a more complete understanding of the subsurface.
Clinical validation of molecular markers of macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis (2018)

Prophylaxis with macrocyclic lactone (ML) endectocides is the primary strategy for heartworm control. Recent evidence has confirmed that ML-resistant Dirofilaria immitis isolates have evolved. Comparison of genomes of ML-resistant isolates show they are genetically distinct from wild-type populations. Previously, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are correlated with phenotypic ML resistance. Since reliable in vitro assays are not available to detect ML resistance in L3 or microfilarial stages, the failure to reduce microfilaraemia in infected dogs treated with an ML has been proposed as a surrogate clinical assay for this purpose. The goal of our study was to validate the genotype-phenotype correlation between SNPs associated with ML resistance and failure to reduce microfilaraemia following ML treatment and to identify a minimal number of SNPs that could be used to confirm ML resistance. In this study, 29 participating veterinary clinics received a total of 148 kits containing supplies for blood collection, dosing and prepaid shipping. Patients recruited after a diagnosis of heartworm infection were treated with a single standard dose of Advantage Multi<sup>®</sup> and a blood sample taken pre- and approximately 2-4 weeks post-treatment. Each sample was processed by performing a modified Knott's Test followed by isolation of microfilariae, genomic DNA extraction and MiSeq sequencing of regions encompassing 10 SNP sites highly correlated with ML resistance. We observed significant correlation of SNP loci frequencies with the ML microfilaricidal response phenotype. Although all predictive SNP combination models performed well, a 2-SNP model was superior to other models tested. The predictive ability of these markers for ML-resistant heartworms should be further evaluated in clinical and epidemiological contexts.
Meta-Gradient Reinforcement Learning (2018)

The goal of reinforcement learning algorithms is to estimate and/or optimise the value function. However, unlike supervised learning, no teacher or oracle is available to provide the true value function. Instead, the majority of reinforcement learning algorithms estimate and/or optimise a proxy for the value function. This proxy is typically based on a sampled and bootstrapped approximation to the true value function, known as a return. The particular choice of return is one of the chief components determining the nature of the algorithm: the rate at which future rewards are discounted; when and how values should be bootstrapped; or even the nature of the rewards themselves. It is well-known that these decisions are crucial to the overall success of RL algorithms. We discuss a gradient-based meta-learning algorithm that is able to adapt the nature of the return, online, whilst interacting and learning from the environment. When applied to 57 games on the Atari 2600 environment over 200 million frames, our algorithm achieved a new state-of-the-art performance.
A new synthetic route to 3-acylamino-1-aryl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new synthetic route to 3-acylamino-1-aryl-2-pyrazolin-5-onesChang Kyu Kim, Paul A. Zielinski, and Cataldo A. MaggiulliCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 26, 5247–5250Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00200a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00200a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Low Temperature Pyrolytic Deposition of High Quality SiO2. (1988)

Abstract Deposition of stoichiometric SiO 2 is achieved by a new pyrolytic process operating at pressures of 2‐12 torr and temp. as low as 100‐330 °C (SiH 4 ‐O 2 reaction).
Gaseous Evolution of Molecular Hydrogen and Oxygen in Photochemical Splitting of Water by Platinized Chlorophyll a Dihydrate Polycrystals (1979)

The proposal that (Chl a · 2H2O)2 is the photoreaction center Chl a aggregate for the water splitting reaction in plant photosynthesis led us to the belief that chlorophyll dihydrate polycrystals can be used in efficient water photolysis in vitro. In this chapter, the observation of gaseous evolution under white light illumination of platinized chlorophyll dihydrate polycrystals is described. The photoelectrolytic products were determined to be molecular hydrogen and oxygen by diffusion pyrolysis and mass spectrometry. The photochemical activity of (Chl a·2H2o)n is attributed to the presence of water in Chl a aggregation via the C9 keto C = O · · · H(H)O · · · Mg bonding interaction. The demonstration of the decomposition of water by (Chl a·2H2O)n lends support to the suggestion that a single photosystem in plant photosynthesis may be capable of splitting water in vivo.
Analyzing Internet Slang for Sentiment Mining (2010)

Every consumer has his own opinion about the product he is using which they are willing to share in social groups like forums, chat rooms and weblogs. As these review comments are actual feedbacks from customers, mining the sentiments in these reviews is being increasingly inducted into the feedback pipeline for any company. Along with it, the increasing use of slang in such communities in expressing emotions and sentiment makes it important to consider Slang in determining the sentiment. In this paper, we present an approach for finding the sentiment score of newly found slang sentiment words in blogs, reviews and forum texts over the World Wide Web. A simple mechanism for calculating sentiment score of documents using slang words with the help of Delta Term Frequency and Weighted Inverse Document Frequency technique is also presented in this paper.
(Invited) Bridged-grain (BG) Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) (2011)

A new technique bridged-grain (BG) was introduced. Using this BG excimer laser annealing (ELA) poly-Si as an active layer, the grain boundary effects can be minimized. Important electrical properties such as sub-threshold swing, threshold voltage, maximum field effect mobility, leakage current, on-off ratio and device uniformity across the substrate can all be improved using the present technique. The improvement can be achieved at low cost, thus making inexpensive, high performance LTPS TFT a reality.
Noninvasive magnetic detection of cardiac mechanical activity: Experiments (1980)

The magnetic susceptibility of the heart and the intracardiac blood is substantially greater than that of the surrounding lung tissue. The periodic redistribution of blood and tissue during the cardiac cycle will thus alter an externally applied magnetic field. These magnetic field changes can be detected by a magnetometer outside the body, and have been termed magnetic susceptibility plethysmography (MSPG) signals. A differential magnetometer, a liquid helium dewar, and a superconducting persistent-current magnet have been developed to detect the x component of the MSPG signal. The theoretical analysis of this instrument is presented to understand the spatial sensitivity of an MSPG susceptometer with a nonuniform magnetizing field. Preliminary measurements are shown to be in fair agreement with the model calculations. Several possible improvements of the technique are discussed.
Investigation of the role of transverse flow in co‐injection resin transfer molding (1998)

Abstract A co‐injection resin transfer molding (CIRTM) process has been developed at the University of Delaware's Center for Composite Materials in collaboration with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. It enables two or more resins to be simultaneously injected into a mold filled with a stationary fiber preform. This process allows for the manufacturing of co‐cured multi‐layer, multi‐resin structures in a single processing step. A separation layer is used to provide resin compatibility during cure and to control resin mixing. Scaling issues relating the role of transverse permeability in resin mixing are investigated. This study presents two different approaches taken to understand the causes of transverse flow and to quantify the amount of transverse flow that occurs during processing. The first approach, a one‐dimensional model, explains the important parameters that govern resin flow in CIRTM. The second approach is based on an existing finite element code that is modified to allow for the injection of multiple resins. The total amount of transverse flow was quantified using the finite element code. This research shows that the CIRTM process requires a totally impermeable separation layer if CIRTM is used to manufacture large parts and/or if the resins injected have significantly different viscosities.
Susceptibility of Various Crop and Weed Species to AAL-Toxin, a Natural Herbicide (1995)

AAL-toxin, produced by Alternaria alternata , was investigated for its phytotoxic effects on 86 crop and weed species. On susceptible tomato leaf discs, AAL-toxin caused electrolyte leakage and chlorosis at 0.01 μM in 24 h. Plants tested exhibited a range of response. AAL-toxin damaged sensitive plants at 5 μM while other plants showed minimal damage at > 1000 μM. Cotton and the important weeds, Canada thistle, field bindweed, and velvetleaf were largely unaffected. Monocots tested were largely immune.
Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and Antitumor Studies of 2-Benzoxazolyl Hydrazones Derived from Alpha-(<i>N</i>)-acyl Heteroaromatics (2006)

Recently we have described the antitumor activities of 2-benzoxazolylhydrazones derived from 2-formyl and 2-acetylpyridines. In search of a more efficacious analogue, compounds in which the 2-acetylpyridine moiety has been replaced by 2-acylpyridine and alpha-(N)-acetyldiazine/quinoline groups have been synthesized. The 2-acylpyridyl hydrazones inhibited in vitro cell proliferation in the nM range, whereas the hydrazones derived from the alpha-(N)-acetyldiazines/quinolines inhibited cell growth in the muM range. Compounds tested in the NCI-60 cell assay were effective inhibitors of leukemia, colon, and ovarian cancer cells. E-13k [N-benzoxazol-2-yl-N'-(1-isoquinolin-3-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazine] inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells more efficiently than nontransformed MCF-10A cells. It is not transported by P-glycoprotein and a weak MRP substrate. Increased concentrations of serum or alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein did not reduce the antiproliferative activity of the compound. In the in vivo hollow fiber assay, E-13k achieved a score of 24, with a net cell kill of OVCAR-3 (ovarian) and SF2-95 (CNS) tumor cells.
800MHz Single-Photon Detection at 1550-nm Using an InGaAs/InP Avalanche Photodiode Operated with a Sinusoidal Gating (2006)

Single-photon detection at 1550-nm using an InGaAs/InP-avalanche photodiode operated with an 800MHz sinusoidal gating was reported. The quantum efficiency was 8.5% with the dark count probability of 9.2X10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> and the overall afterpulsing probability of 6.0%.
Memory Efficient Stereoscopy from Light Fields (2014)

We address the problem of stereoscopic content generation from light fields using multi-perspective imaging. Our proposed method takes as input a light field and a target disparity map, and synthesizes a stereoscopic image pair by selecting light rays that fulfill the given target disparity constraints. We formulate this as a variational convex optimization problem. Compared to previous work, our method makes use of multi-view input to composite the new view with occlusions and disocclusions properly handled, does not require any correspondence information such as scene depth, is free from undesirable artifacts such as grid bias or image distortion, and is more efficiently solvable. In particular, our method is about ten times more memory efficient than the previous art, and is capable of processing higher resolution input. This is essential to make the proposed method practically applicable to realistic scenarios where HD content is standard. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method experimentally.
Highly sensitive Terahertz-wave Detection by using Nonlinear Parametric Conversion (2013)

We report on a highly sensitive detection of sub-nanosecond terahertz-waves with wide dynamic range using frequency up-conversion in a nonlinear MgO:LiNbO3 crystal at room temperature. The generation of the detection signal is based on optical parametric mixing between an input terahertz-wave radiation and an intense near-IR pumping beam. We obtained the dynamic range of more than 100 dB.
The identification of 10 and 11 substituted 7<i>H</i>‐benzimidazo[2,1‐<i>a</i>]benz[<i>de</i>]isoquinolin‐7‐ones through <sup>1</sup>N NOE studies on their methyl <i>p</i>‐toluenesulfonate salts (1986)

Abstract The spectral similarities of 10 and 11 substituted 7 H ‐benzimidazo[2,1‐ a ]benz[ de ]isoquinolin‐7‐ones hinder the identification of the individual isomers. Preparation of the 13‐methyl p ‐toluenesulfonate salts of these compounds has allowed the assignment by the use of NOE techniques. Saturation of the N ‐methyl caused an NOE at H‐12. The coupling pattern of H‐12 then provides identification of the compound.
Electronic enhancement of the directional response of a micromachined biomimetic optical microphone. (2011)

A silicon micromachined biomimetic optical microphone has been recently demonstrated to have directional response and low noise [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125(4), 2013–2026 (2009)]. In this microphone, the motion of one end of the pivoting rectangular diaphragm is detected using an integrated optical interferometer and each end can be actuated using separate electrostatic actuators. This configuration enables one to selectively enhance either the directional, anti-symmetric rocking mode or the omni-directional symmetrical second vibrational mode of the diaphragm in two separate active feedback loops. A circuit model with two electrical ports to actuate each side of the diaphragm, and two acoustic ports to drive each mode has been developed to illustrate the electronic method. The model includes the effect of the air medium and the backside cavity through mechanical impedances which are verified through measurements. With the two-sided active feedback scheme, the model predicts significant improvements in the directional response resulting in more than 10-dB improvement in the residual intensity index when the microphone is used for gradient measurement in an intensity probe.
Comparisons of overlay measurement using conventional bright-field microscope and angular scatterometer (2005)

As overlay tolerances of microlithographic technology become increasingly severe, conventional bright-field metrology systems are limited by image resolution and precision. Scatterometer (angular scatterometer or spectroscopic reflectometer, for example) has the advantages of good repeatability and reproducibility, and is proposed as an alternative solution for overlay metrology. Previous studies have applied a spectroscopic reflectometer, which is as function of incident wavelength, to overlay measurement. This work investigated overlay measurement by using an angular scatterometer, which is as function of incident angle. A focused laser spot was incident on linear grating, an overlay target. An angular signature, a 0th-order reflective light beam, scattered from linear grating was measured when the incident and reflective angles were changed simultaneously. The overlay target consists of two linear gratings located on two different layers of a stacked structure, and the overlay error is the misalignment between these two different layers. The measured results using angular scatterometer (also known as the diffraction-based method) are compared with using the bright-field microscope (also known as the image-based method), which use a bar-in-bar target as an overlay target. Statistical data sets demonstrate that angular sctterometer has nearly one order better of repeatability and tool induced shift than conventional bright-field microscope. Additionally, a series of different parameters of overlay targets, such as different pitches, line-to-space ratios, and stacked structures is designed and manufactured. The sensitivity of overlay measurement of various linear grating targets is also measured and discussed.
Built-in self test of digital decimators (1995)

This brief demonstrates a new built-in self test (BIST) scheme designated to improve a testability of digital decimators-commonly used building blocks in digital signal processing (DSP) environment. The proposed solution takes the advantage of operations offered by already existing functional blocks to perform basic testing functions. Thus it drastically reduces the need for an additional testing hardware as well as eliminating the performance degradation usually introduced by traditional BIST schemes. An easy to test implementation of the decimator based on a custom data-path architecture is also analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and antiherpetic activity of (.+-.)-9-[[(Z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl]guanine and related compounds (1988)

A series of analogues of acyclovir and ganciclovir were prepared in which conformational constraints were imposed by incorporation of a cyclopropane ring or unsaturation into the side chain. In addition, several related base-modified compounds were synthesized. These acyclonucleosides were evaluated for enzymatic phosphorylation and DNA polymerase inhibition in a staggered assay and for inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in vitro. Certain of the guanine or 8-azaguanine derivatives were good substrates for the viral thymidine kinase and were further converted to triphosphate, but none was a potent inhibitor of the viral DNA polymerase. Nevertheless, one member of this group, (+/-)-9-[[(Z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl]guanine (3a), displayed significant antiherpetic activity in vitro, superior to that of the corresponding cis olefin 4a. Another group, typified by (+/-)-9-[[(E)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl]adenine (17b), possessed modest antiviral activity despite an apparent inability to be enzymatically phosphorylated. The relationship of side-chain conformation and flexibility to biological activity in this series is discussed.
A potent human neutralizing antibody Fc-dependently reduces established HBV infections (2017)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem. Currently-available therapies are ineffective in curing chronic HBV infection. HBV and its satellite hepatitis D virus (HDV) infect hepatocytes via binding of the preS1 domain of its large envelope protein to sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). Here, we developed novel human monoclonal antibodies that block the engagement of preS1 with NTCP and neutralize HBV and HDV with high potency. One antibody, 2H5-A14, functions at picomolar level and exhibited neutralization-activity-mediated prophylactic effects. It also acts therapeutically by eliciting antibody-Fc-dependent immunological effector functions that impose durable suppression of viral infection in HBV-infected mice, resulting in reductions in the levels of the small envelope antigen and viral DNA, with no emergence of escape mutants. Our results illustrate a novel antibody-Fc-dependent approach for HBV treatment and suggest 2H5-A14 as a novel clinical candidate for HBV prevention and treatment of chronic HBV infection.