gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistence of DNA Sequences of BK Virus and JC Virus in Normal Human Tissues and in Diseased Tissues (1983)

Available evidence suggests that BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) persist in the kidneys of healthy individuals after primary infection and may reactivate when the host's immune response is impaired. Data supporting this hypothesis are presented. A previous study had shown BKV to be present in the kidneys of eight (57%) of 14 subjects. In the present study, which extended the investigation to a total of 30 subjects, BKV DNA was found in the renal tissues of 10 (33%) subjects, and JCV DNA was found in the renal tissues of three (10%) subjects. The viral DNA detected appeared not to be integrated with host DNA and to be isolated in foci. Investigation of normal and diseased brain tissue, including tissue from six subjects with multiple sclerosis, failed to reveal the presence of either JCV DNA or BKV DNA.
Link capacity analysis for virtual antenna arrays (2003)

The previously introduced concept of virtual antenna arrays (VAA) promises a significant increase in link and system capacity. These therefore constitute a promising candidate for ad-hoc oriented 4G networks. VAA successfully emulates a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transmission channel to which space-time codes (STC) can be applied. The realisation of VAA is accomplished by letting spatially close mobile terminals communicate with each other, which overcomes the disadvantage of having only one receiving antenna in a mobile handset. The thus created ad-hoc network represents a general form of MIMO channels for which a new approach to link capacity calculation is required. The work presented establishes some fundamental tenets for the calculation of link capacity in the Shannon sense to ad-hoc networks, such as VAA. It shows that the capacity drastically increases over a network where each terminal maintains a single link to the base station. The results are somewhat preliminary since VAA constitutes only a minor subset of possible ad-hoc network configurations.
Blood Lines (1998)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTBlood Lines"Blood: An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce," by Douglas Starr, Alfred A. Knopf Inc., New York, 1998, 448 pages, $27.50 (ISBN 04579-41875-X)STEPHEN K. RITTERCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1998, 76, 47, 48–49Publication Date (Print):November 23, 1998Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 23 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v076n047.p048https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n047.p048book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Anatomy Get e-Alerts
Design, implementation and evaluation of a motion control scheme for mobile platforms with high uncertainties (2014)

In this work, we present a motion control scheme for a robotic mobile platform using low-cost vision sensor to update encoder values. We track the pose of a power wheelchair using wheel encoders along with a Microsoft Kinect camera. Two methods of pose estimation are implemented and tested. These methods are a) encoder-based odometry and b)ICP(Iterative Closest Point)-based updated odometry. We evaluate the performance of each method using precise wheelchair pose ground truth data acquired via a state-of-the-art VICON® system with eight motion capture cameras. Offline data processing is performed to refine the ICP parameters and estimate the covariance matrices of the Kalman filter. The offline data processing results demonstrate that our ICP-based updated odometry has very accurate pose tracking. By implementing our control scheme, the position error is improved by a factor of 15 and the localization orientation error is improved by a factor of 13. In online implementation, there was 4 times improvement for both position and orientation angle estimation. To demonstrate the robustness of our approach, we apply it for online obstacle avoidance. A wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) is also included in this platform and will be used for future work on combined mobility and manipulation control with sensor assistance.
Multispectral photoacoustic coded excitation imaging using unipolar orthogonal Golay codes (2010)

We present a method to speed up the acquisition of multispectral photoacoustic data sets by using unipolar orthogonal Golay codes as excitation sequences for the irradiation system. Multispectral photoacoustic coded excitation (MS-PACE) allows acquiring photoacoustic data sets for two irradiation wavelengths simultaneously and separating them afterwards, thus improving the SNR or speeding up the measurement. We derive an analytical estimation of the SNR improvement using MS-PACE compared to time equivalent averaging. We demonstrate the feasibility of the method by successfully imaging a phantom composed of two dyes using unipolar orthogonal Golay codes as excitation sequence for two high power laser diodes operating at two different wavelengths. The experimental results show very good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Computer‐Assisted Molecular Modeling: Indispensable Tools for Molecular Pharmacology (1993)

Ball-and-stick mechanical models, typically associated with chemists, have been helpful in understanding structural problems and the relationship between structure and biologic activity. With progress in computer speed, graphics performance, and software innovation, molecules of biological interest can be subjected to rigorous calculations. Computational chemistry and biology are rooted in the belief that theoretical physics can be used to calculate accurate molecular structures. Although in its infancy, computer-assisted molecular modeling is gaining attention and acceptability as an increasing number of researchers turn their attention toward rational molecular design. The trend to use theoretical methods can be traced to the greater availability of computer graphics work-stations, decreasing computer costs, faster central processing units, more robust algorithms, and "user-friendly" software codes. Every major pharmaceutical company has invested in these resources to reduce the time it takes to design and develop pharmaceutical agents. Because of the vast financial and manpower investments needed to introduce a single drug, medicinal chemists and pharmacologists are interested in understanding and predicting drug action at the molecular level. Although drug action is still poorly understood, molecular modeling should reduce some of the labor in the development of pharmaceutical agents.
truPK – human pharmacokinetic models for quantitative ADME prediction (2005)

The use of in silico prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties is gaining acceptance as a useful assessment tool for early identification of likely drug candidate failures. However, it has been difficult to locate reliable models for the prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PK) in silico Currently available methods for estimating ADME and toxicity properties, such as in vitro and animal models, are not very predictive of what is observed in the clinic. Existing in silico ADME prediction tools concentrate on physicochemical properties, such as solubility, log P, rule-of-five compliance, Caco-2 permeability, blood-brain barrier and so on, or only classify drug-like candidates as 'poor', 'medium' or 'good' for a PK parameter, without ascribing values. Although physiology-based pharmacokinetic -models can predict ADME properties, they rely on using various measured properties as input for better accuracy. Strand Genomics has developed a tool, truPK, that predicts the properties of a molecule (bioavailability, protein binding, volume of distribution, elimination half-life and absorption rate) that affect its dose and dose frequency in humans. truPK's five models built using sophisticated machine methods have predicted with > 75% accuracies in external validation sets.
Clinical studies of a new, low-dose formulation of metolazone for the treatment of hypertension. (1986)

Two multicenter, double-blind, randomized studies were performed to determine the antihypertensive efficacy and effects on laboratory values of a new, shorter-acting formulation of metolazone in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. After baseline placebo-control periods, 105 patients were randomly assigned to receive single daily doses of either placebo or 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg of the new formulation of metolazone for six weeks in one study, and 164 patients were randomized to receive 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg of the new formulation of metolazone or 2.5 mg of the older, long-acting metolazone in the other. Mean blood pressure reductions in all three metolazone groups were statistically and clinically significant. Blood pressures of 51% to 58% of patients in the 0.5-mg metolazone group were controlled (diastolic blood pressure less than 90 or a fall of greater than or equal to 10 mmHg from baseline). Reductions in mean serum potassium levels were dose-related. We conclude that 0.5 mg of metolazone is safe and effective therapy for hypertension; it will significantly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure and minimizes changes in laboratory test values.
Effects of temperature on the crystallization of potassium nitrate by direct measurement of supersaturation (1977)

Abstract A laboratory continuous mixed‐suspension, mixed‐product‐removal crystallizer was used to study the effects of temperature on the kinetics of crystallization of potassium nitrate. A differential refractometer was used to continuously monitor the supersaturation permitting the measurement of supersaturation levels of order 10 −3 Kg solute/Kg water. The nucleation rate exhibited an inverse relationship with temperature.
Indirect electroanalytical detection of phenols (2015)

A novel indirect electrochemical protocol for the electroanalytical detection of phenols is presented for the first time. This methodology is demonstrated with the indirect determination of the target analytes phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol through an electrochemically adapted optical protocol. This electrochemical adaptation allows the determination of the above mentioned phenols without the use of any oxidising agents, as is the case in the optical method, where pyrazoline compounds (mediators) chemically react with the target phenols forming a quinoneimine product which is electrochemically active providing an indirect analytical signal to measure the target phenol(s). A range of commercially available pyrazoline substitution products, namely 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine, antipyrine, 3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 3-amino-1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-Pyrazolin-5-one, 4-amino-1,2-dimethyl-3-pentadecyl-3-pyrazolin-5-one hydrochloride, 3-amino-1-(2-amino-4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one hydrochloride and 4-aminoantipyrine are evaluated as mediators for the indirect detection of phenols. The indirect electrochemical detection of phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol through the use of 4-aminoantipyrine as a mediator are successfully determined in drinking water samples at analytically useful levels. Finally, the comparison of the direct (no mediator) and the proposed indirect determination (with 4-aminoantipyrine) towards the analytical detection of the target phenols in drinking water is presented. The limitation of the proposed electroanalytical protocol is quantified for all the four target phenols.
Interaction of the Shiga-like Toxin Type 1 B-Subunit with Its Carbohydrate Receptor (1994)

A study of the binding of the Shiga-like toxin 1 (SLT-1) to the P(k) trisaccharide [methyl 4-O-(4-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside] and its constituent dissacharides was carried out. The trisaccharide represents the carbohydrate recognition domain of the neutral glycolipid receptor of the SLT-1, globotriosylceramide (GbOse3). The binding constant for soluble trisaccharide to the soluble pentameric B-subunit is weak, with a K(a) of (0.5-1) x 10(3) M-1 for B-subunit monomer. Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicates five identical non-interacting carbohydrate binding sites per B-subunit pentamer and no cooperativity in binding. Despite weak binding (delta G = -3.6 kcal mol-1), the enthalpy of binding (delta H = -12 kcal mol-1) and the change in molar heat capacity accompanying binding (delta C(p) = -40 eu) are comparable to other protein-carbohydrate interactions. Dynamic light scattering studies indicate that carbohydrate binding induces protein aggregation. At carbohydrate concentrations where > 90% of B-subunit monomers are bound, the far-UV CD spectra were unchanged, whereas a change in the near-UV CD, maximal near 270 nm, titrated to give an apparent binding constant in good agreement with that obtained by isothermal microcalorimetry. Steady-state fluorescence and fluorescence lifetime measurements indicated that the environments of the central tryptophans are perturbed during saccharide binding, and the changes correlate with the extent of protein aggregation. On the basis of the thermodynamics of binding, optical spectroscopy, and binding-induced aggregation, we propose a model of SLT-1-membrane interaction that relies on protein-carbohydrate interaction for specificity and protein-lipid interaction for tight binding.
Spatial frequency based closed-loop control of sheet metal forming (1987)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1987.
Developmentally regulated expression of a murine receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase in the thymus. (1994)

Reversible phosphorylation of tyrosine residues plays a crucial regulatory role in various cellular events, including differentiation and proliferation of lymphocytes. Here, we report the isolation of a murine receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), mRPTP-sigma, which is expressed in both immature thymocytes and stroma cells. At least two alternatively spliced transcripts of mRPTP-sigma (T and B) were observed. mRPTP-sigma T was the dominant form in the thymus and had three Ig-like and eight fibronectin type III-like domains in the extracellular portion. mRPTP-sigma T was almost identical with RPTP-sigma/PTP NE-3/PTP-P1/CPTP1, a PTP recently cloned from rat brain, except that RPTP-sigma/PTP NE-3/PTP-P1 was about 400 amino acids shorter than mRPTP-sigma T. mRPTP-sigma B, the second form of mRPTP-sigma, was dominant in the brain and was most likely the murine counterpart of RPTP-sigma/PTP NE-3/PTP-P1. In the developing thymocytes, the expression of mRPTP-sigma was high in double negative (CD4-CD8-), low in double positive (CD4+CD8+), and marginal in single positive (SP; CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+) subpopulations. No upregulation of mRPTP-sigma was observed in the spleen cells stimulated with Con A. Developmental regulation of mRPTP-sigma expression suggests its involvement in the control of T lymphocyte differentiation.
PHOTOSENSITIZING EFFECTS OF 8‐METHOXYPSORALEN ON THE SKIN OF HAIRLESS MICE—11. TRAIN AND SPECTRAL DIFFERENCES FOR TUMORIGENESIS (1977)

Abstract— The photosensitizing effects of 8‐methoxypsoralen on the skin of two strains of hairless mice were studied using fractionated exposure to UV Spectral dependent differences for tumorigenesis were studied by comparing the tumor responses to three different spectra; the exposure levels for each spectrum here adjusted in proportion to their relative efficiencies for tissue damage and cytokinetic responses. There were no strain differences in the spectral dependent induction of cutaneous damage or estimates of the photomediated interstrand cross‐linking of epidermal DNA by 8‐methoxypsoralen. Squamous cell carcinomas were induced in the photosensitized skin of both strains of mice after fractionated exposures to emissions at principally 365 nm. Exposures to a broader spectrum of light resulted in the earlier appearance of tumors in the photosensitized skin of the SKH: hairless‐1 mice, but produced few or no tumors in the HRS/J/Anl strain. In a second series of experiments ; mice were exposed to a fluorescent sun lamp prior to each combined treatment of psoralen and exposure at 365 nm to determine the influence of shorter wavelengths of UV on the tumor response. These treatments resulted in an enhanced expression of tumors in the SKH:hairless‐1 mice as compared to the HRS/J/Anl strain. Under the conditions of the experiments, the marked strain and spectral dependent differences for tumorigenesis demonstrated that although treatments that induce psoralen photoadducts also induce tumors. there was no apparent quantitative correlation between the occurrence of DNA cross‐links and the incidence of tumors. The results also suggested, first, an interaction between UV (280–400 nm) induced photoproducts and psoralen photoadducts and secondly, a strain difference in the oncogenic effects of this interaction.
Studies on Coal Liquefaction Mechanism (Part 4) (1984)

太平洋炭をテトラリン中で熱分解して得たSRCをヘキサン可溶分, ベンゼン可溶-ヘキサン不溶分およびテトラヒドロフラン可溶-ベンゼン不溶分に分離し, その各成分およびSRCを, 400°C, 水素初圧60kg/cm2, Ni-Mo-Al2O3触媒存在下, トリチウムでラベルしたテトラリン溶媒中で水素化分解した。反応に伴う各生成物量, 溶媒から気相および生成物へのトリチウムの移行量, テトラリンの脱水素量およびナフタリンの再水素化量を求めた。その結果SRC中の各成分の水素化分解は重質成分ほど優先的に進行しており, 触媒によるテトラリンからの水素移行反応およびナフタリンの再水素化反応は重質成分ほど阻害効果が大きいことが示された。
Secure File Sharing Scheme for Mobile Devices (2013)

An ideal file sharing method is all mobile users can directly share their files one-to-one in the mobile peer-to-peer (MP2P) environment. However, some copyright multimedia files usually are shared and downloaded extensively through P2P technology, so P2P technology has a bad reputation by these illegal distribution behaviors. Hence, how to effectively control unauthorized digital content distribution is a security issue that needed to be solved in P2P environment. Accordingly, this paper proposes a scheme that users can access files via mobile devices through wireless communication. And we can reduce the cost and share files quickly by the concept of P2P. In addition, the paper involves Digital Rights Management to protect digital contents from illegal distribution and reproduced. Furthermore, a user can efficiently and legally transfer his license from one of his devices to one another in our scheme.
Enhancing the frequency of antigen‐specific hybridomas (1981)

Techniques were developed to enhance the frequency of antigen-specific hybridomas by enriching for antibody precursor or-producing lymphocytes prior to cell fusion. Spleen cells of immunized animals were either (a) cultured in vitro for 3-4 days in the presence of the immunizing antigen or (b) adoptively transferred into X-irradiated syngeneic recipients followed immediately by an in vivo antigen boost 4 days prior to use in cell fusion. There was a 10-fold increase in the percentage of wells which develop antigen-specific, antibody-secreting hybridomas following these treatments. These techniques allow an increased yield of hybridomas with a greatly decreased technical effort.
In vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies of aminoglutethimide as an aromatase inhibitor. (1982)

Use of steroid biosynthesis inhibitors to suppress estrogen production is a logical strategy in the treatment of women with hormone-dependent breast cancer. The clinical availability of aminoglutethimide as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-mediated steroid hydroxylations prompted study of the precise pharmacological and biochemical effects of this drug. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that aminoglutethimide alters its own metabolic clearance rate as well as that of dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. The metabolic clearance rates of other steroids such as hydrocortisone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and androstenedione, and estrone are not altered by aminoglutethimide. These findings led to development of a practical regimen of escalating aminoglutethimide dosage in combination with hydrocortisone for treatment of patients with breast carcinoma. Further studies focused upon the biochemical mechanism of estrogen suppression with aminoglutethimide. In vivo, isotopic kinetic data demonstrated that aminoglutethimide inhibits peripheral aromatase by 95 to 98% in postmenopausal women. In vitro experiments indicated that aminoglutethimide can effectively block aromatase directly in human breast tumors as well. With respect to relative potency, aminoglutethimide is a 10-fold more potent aromatase inhibitor than is testololactone but is less potent than are 4-hydroxyandrostenedione and several brominated androstenedione derivatives. Taken together, these studies suggest that aminoglutethimide blocks estrogen production at three sites in women with breast carcinoma: the adrenal cortex, extraglandular peripheral tissues containing aromatase, and breast carcinoma tissue itself.
Privacy-preserving Transfer Learning for Knowledge Sharing. (2018)

To meet the standard of differential privacy, noise is usually added into the original data, which inevitably deteriorates the predicting performance of subsequent learning algorithms. In this paper, motivated by the success of improving predicting performance by ensemble learning, we propose to enhance privacy-preserving logistic regression by stacking. We show that this can be done either by sample-based or feature-based partitioning. However, we prove that when privacy-budgets are the same, feature-based partitioning requires fewer samples than sample-based one, and thus likely has better empirical performance. As transfer learning is difficult to be integrated with a differential privacy guarantee, we further combine the proposed method with hypothesis transfer learning to address the problem of learning across different organizations. Finally, we not only demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on two benchmark data sets, i.e., MNIST and NEWS20, but also apply it into a real application of cross-organizational diabetes prediction from RUIJIN data set, where privacy is of significant concern.
The Effect of Low-Dye Taping on Plantar Pressures, During Gait, in Subjects With Navicular Drop Exceeding 10 mm (2004)

Low-Dye taping significantly altered peak and mean plantar pressure values in subjects with navicular drop exceeding 10 mm. In particular, peak and mean plantar pressure increased under the lateral midfoot and under the toes, and decreased under the heel and forefoot, suggesting that a decrease in the amount of pronation occurred.