gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] Growth and Physiology at Suboptimal Root Zone Temperatures (1997)

Application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been shown to increase legume growth and development under optimal temperature conditions, and specifically to increase nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] over a range of root zone temperatures (RZTs). Nine rhizobacteria applied into soybean rooting media were tested for their ability to reduce the negative effects of low RZT on soybean growth and development by improving the physiological status of the plant. Three RZTs were tested: 25, 17.5, and 15 °C. At each temperature some PGPR strains increased plant growth and development, but the stimulatory strains varied with temperature. The strains that were most stimulatory at each temperatures were as follows: 15 °C— Serratia proteamaculans 1–102; 17.5 °C— Aeromonas hydrophila P73, and 25 °C— Serratia liquefaciens 2–68. Because enhancement of plant physiological activities were detected before the onset of nitrogen fixation, these stimulatory effects can be attributed to direct stimulation of the plant by the PGPR rather than stimulation of plant growth via improvement of the nitrogen fixation symbiosis.
Heterologous biosynthesis and manipulation of crocetin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2017)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to achieve crocetin production in this study. Through combinatorial manipulation of three key enzymes CrtZ, CCD and ALD in terms of screening enzymes sources and regulating protein expression level (reaction temperature and copy number), crocetin titer was stepwise improved by 129.4-fold (from 9.42 to 1219 μg/L) as compared to the starting strain. The highest crocetin titer (6278 μg/L) reported in microbes was achieved in 5-L bioreactors. This study provides a good insight into key enzyme manipulation involved in serial reactions for microbial overproduction of desired compounds with complex structure.
Urethral Instability: Related to Stress and/or Urge Incontinence? (1985)

Urethral instability (pressure variations of more than 15 cm. water during bladder filling) was noted in 12 of 34 women with bladder instability and 13 of 139 with a stable bladder. Of the patients 10 had urge, 5 mixed and 8 genuine stress incontinence, while 1 had enuresis and 1 had recurrent cystitis. A clear correlation between urethral pressure variations and electromyographic fluctuations in the anal and/or urethral sphincter was found in 14 of 17 patients. Only urethral pressure variations of more than 35 cm. water are reported as provoking urgency. Different types of pressure fluctuations are described but no fundamental differences or causative factors were found. A nervous rather than a vascular factor is designated as the main cause for urethral instability.
Distração: atitude heroica diante da metrópole (2016)

A propósito da distração como ethos heroico na modernidade, analiso: as mudanças perceptivas ocasionadas pelo avanço das forças produtivas no capitalismo; e a consequente captação dessa mudança por 4 poetas contemporâneos, a saber, Liv Lagerblad, Heyk Pimenta, Alberto Pucheu e Eucanaã Ferraz. Cada um destes poetas traz a distração não tanto como tema de seus poemas, mas sim como aquilo que Walter Benjamin classificou como forma interna. Em todos os casos, a distração aparece como força poética diante do perigo de aniquilamento nas grandes cidades. Essa reflexão serve de base para outra, ainda, a propósito da relação dos modos de fazer poéticos com a política, pensando com Jacques Rancière a sua tomada de posição na “partilha do sensível”. Por fim, uma retomada de Baudelaire, mestre da distração, se configura como inevitável.
Chemical Pretreatment Methods for the Production of Cellulosic Ethanol: Technologies and Innovations (2013)

Pretreatment of lignocellulose has received considerable research globally due to its influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of cellulosic ethanol production. Some of the most promising pretreatment methods require the application of chemicals such as acids, alkali, salts, oxidants, and solvents. Thus, advances in research have enabled the development and integration of chemical-based pretreatment into proprietary ethanol production technologies in several pilot and demonstration plants globally, with potential to scale-up to commercial levels. This paper reviews known and emerging chemical pretreatment methods, highlighting recent findings and process innovations developed to offset inherent challenges via a range of interventions, notably, the combination of chemical pretreatment with other methods to improve carbohydrate preservation, reduce formation of degradation products, achieve high sugar yields at mild reaction conditions, reduce solvent loads and enzyme dose, reduce waste generation, and improve recovery of biomass components in pure forms. The use of chemicals such as ionic liquids, NMMO, and sulphite are promising once challenges in solvent recovery are overcome. For developing countries, alkali-based methods are relatively easy to deploy in decentralized, low-tech systems owing to advantages such as the requirement of simple reactors and the ease of operation.
Low-energy electron-beam patterning of amine-functionalized self-assembled monolayers (2000)

Patterned amine-functionalized self-assembled monolayers have potential as a template for the deposition and patterning of a wide variety of materials on silicon surfaces, including biomolecules. Results are presented here for low-energy electron-beam patterning of 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane self-assembled monolayers on silicon substrates. On these ultrathin (1–2 nm) monolayers, lower electron beam energies (&lt;5 keV) produce higher resolution patterns than high-energy beams. Auger electron spectroscopy indicates that low-energy electron exposure primarily damages the amine groups. At 1 keV, a dose of 40 μC/cm2 is required to make the patterns observable by lateral force microscopy. Features as small as 80 nm were exposed at 2 keV on these monolayers. After exposure, palladium colloids and aldehyde- and protein-coated polystyrene fluorescent spheres adhered only to unexposed areas of the monolayers.
Resistance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Isolates to Hydrogel Contact Lens Disinfection Correlates with Cytotoxic Activity (2001)

One of the most common pathogens in infection of hydrogel contact lens wearers is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can gain access to the eye via contamination of the lens, lens case, and lens care solutions. Only one strain per species is used in current regulatory testing for the marketing of chemical contact lens disinfectants. The aim of this study was to determine whether P. aeruginosa strains vary in their susceptibility to hydrogel contact lens disinfectants. A method for rapidly screening bacterial susceptibility to contact lens disinfectants was developed, based on measurement of the MIC. The susceptibility of 35 P. aeruginosa isolates to two chemical disinfectants was found to vary among strains. MICs ranged from 6.25 to 100% for both disinfectants at 37 degrees C, and a number of strains were not inhibited by a 100% disinfectant concentration in the lens case environment at room temperature (22 degrees C). Resistance to disinfection appeared to be an inherent rather than acquired trait, since some resistant strains had been isolated prior to the introduction of the disinfectants and some susceptible P. aeruginosa strains could not be made more resistant by repeated disinfectant exposure. A number of P. aeruginosa strains which were comparatively more resistant to short-term disinfectant exposure also demonstrated the ability to grow to levels above the initial inoculum in one chemical disinfectant after long-term (24 to 48 h) disinfectant exposure. Resistance was correlated with acute cytotoxic activity toward corneal epithelial cells and with exsA, which encodes a protein that regulates cytotoxicity via a complex type III secretion system. These results suggest that chemical disinfection solutions may select for contamination with cytotoxic strains. Further investigation of the mechanisms and factors responsible for resistance may also lead to strategies for reducing adverse responses to contact lens wear.
Antibody–Drug Conjugates as Cancer Therapeutics: Past, Present, and Future (2017)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an innovative therapeutic approach that provides novel treatment options and hope for patients with cancer. By coupling monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to cytotoxic small-molecule payloads with a plasma-stable linker, ADCs offer the potential for increased drug specificity and fewer off-target effects than systemic chemotherapy. As evidence for the potential of these therapies, many new ADCs are in various stages of clinical development. Because their structure poses unique challenges to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization, it is critical to recognize the differences between ADCs and conventional chemotherapy in the design of ADC clinical development strategies. Although some properties may be determined mainly by either the mAb or the small-molecule portion, the behavior of these agents is not always predictable. Furthermore, because the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of ADCs are influenced by all 3 of its components (mAb, linker, and payload), it is important to characterize the intact molecule, any target-mediated catabolic clearance of the mAb, and the ADME properties of the small-molecule payload. Here we describe key issues in the clinical development of ADCs, including considerations for designing first-in-human studies for ADCs. We discuss some difficulties of ADC pharmacokinetic characterization and current approaches to overcoming these challenges. Finally, we consider all aspects of clinical pharmacology assessment required during drug development, using examples from the literature to illustrate the discussion.
Ultralow-quiescent-current and wide-load-range low-dropout linear regulator with self-biasing technique for micropower battery management (2017)

In this paper, we present a 151 nA quiescent and 6.8 mA maximum-output-current low-dropout (LDO) linear regulator for micropower battery management. The LDO regulator employs self-biasing and multiple-stacked cascode techniques to achieve efficient, accurate, and high-voltage-input-tolerant operation. Measurement results demonstrated that the proposed LDO regulator operates with an ultralow quiescent current of 151 nA. The maximum output currents with a 4.16 V output were 1.0 and 6.8 mA when the input voltages were 4.25 and 5.0 V, respectively.
Design of an optical see-through light-field near-eye display using a discrete lenslet array (2018)

In this paper, we propose a novel method to construct an optical see-through light-field near-eye display (OST LF-NED) by using a discrete lenslet array (DLA). The DLA is used as a spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate dense light field of three-dimensional (3-D) scenes inside the user's eyebox of the system and provide correct focus cues to the user. A corresponding light-field image rendering method is also proposed and demonstrated. The light emitted from the real objects passes through the transparent region of the display panel and the planar area of the DLA successively without redirection, so the user can have a clear view of the real scene as well as the virtual information. The stray light that may degrade the image quality has been analyzed in detail. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is capable of obtaining a corrected depth perception of the virtual information in augmented reality (AR) applications.
DEL ORDEN SOCIAL Y DEL ORDEN DEL UNIVERSO: LA LLAMADA RELIGIÓN MEGALÍTICA Y SU USO IDEOLÓGICO POR LAS COMUNIDADES DE LOS MILENIOS IV-III A.C. A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS DEL SIGNIFICADO DE SUS MONUMENTOS FUNERARIOS (2008)

En este artículo se presenta una reflexión acerca de las características genéricas del mundo de las creencias y la mentalidad religiosa de las comunidades que levantaron los megalitos y cuevas funerarias colectivas en el occidente europeo. Se desarrollan en él cuestiones como la interpretación del significado social e ideológico de dichas tumbas, no sólo en tanto que los espacios para la transformación de los muertos sino también como expresiones de la ideología de los grupos de poder emergentes.SummaryThis paper puts forward a theoretical reflection on the beliefs and religious mentality of the communities of megalith and collective burial caves builders in Western Europe. We emphasize problems such as the social and ideological interpretation of these burials, not only as spaces for the transformation of the dead, but also as an expression of the ideology of the emergent power groups.Palabras clave: Neolítico, Calcolitico, Monumentos funerarios colectivos, Mentalidad, Religión megalítica, Ocultación de la desigualdad.
Plasmepsin II inhibitory activity of alkoxylated and hydroxylated chalcones. (2006)

Sixteen antimalarial alkoxylated and hydroxylated chalcones were tested for their ability to inhibit recombinant plasmepsin II in vitro. The best inhibitory compounds had either a chloro or dimethylamino group at the 4-position of phenyl ring A in the chalcone template. Combination of the chalcones with chloroquine showed additivity or mild antagonism of Plasmodium falciparum K1 growth in culture.
Survey of Hanganutziu and Deicher Antibodies in Operated Patients (1991)

The appearance of Hanganutziu and Deicher (HD) antibody in the sera of patients suffering from various diseases, including malignancies of some organs and liver disorders, was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using N-glycolylneuraminyl-lactosylceramide (HD3) and 4-O-acetyl-HD3 as the antigenic molecules. More than 25% of sera from patients suffering from malignancies, cholelithiasis and liver cirrhosis had HD antibody, whereas none of 41 sera from healthy persons had HD antibody. The percentage of HD antibody-positive patients was similar in stages I, II and III of gastric cancer and recurrence cases. Antibody titers of the positive patients in each stage were also not different from those in each other stage. These results indicated that HD antigenic expression on cancerous tissue is not dependent on the cancerous malignancy. The HD antibody level was elevated after surgical removal of cancerous tissues in 5 of 6 patients examined, indicating that tumor growth absorbed the serum antibody. Serum antibody against 4-O-acetyl-HD3 was detected independently of HD3 antibody in some cases; however, in most cases, correlation between the two antibody titers was observed.
Supportless Pt and PtPd Nanotubes as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen‐Reduction Reactions (2007)

Durchhaltevermögen: Eine neue Klasse von Kathodenkatalysatoren auf der Grundlage von trägerfreien Pt-Nanoröhren (PtNTs, links im Bild) und Pt-Legierungsnanoröhren (z. B. PtPdNTs) wird vorgestellt. Diese Materialien sind erstaunlich haltbar (rechts im Bild; ECSA=elektrochemische Oberfläche) und katalytisch hoch aktiv. Mit ihnen werden die meisten Abbauwege von zurzeit gebräuchlichen Pt/C- und Pt-Schwarz-Katalysatoren umgangen.
Development of a neural network screening aid for diagnosing lower limb peripheral vascular disease from photoelectric plethysmography pulse waveforms (1993)

An artificial neural network (ANN) was trained to classify photoelectric plethysmographic (PPG) pulse waveforms for the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral vascular disease (PVD). PPG pulses from the lower limbs, and pre- and post-exercise Doppler ultrasound ankle to brachial systolic blood pressure ratio measurements were obtained from patients referred to a vascular investigation laboratory. A single PPG pulse from the big toe of each leg was processed and normalized, and used as input data to the ANN. The ANN outputs represented the diagnostic classifications (normal, significant PVD and major PVD) and the ANN was trained with the ankle to brachial pressure indices (ABPI). The ANN structure consisted of an input layer (50 neuron units from the PPG pulse input), a single hidden layer (15 neurons) and an output layer (3 neurons for the PVD diagnoses). The back-propagation learning algorithm was used to train the ANN for 500 epochs with a PPG training set of pulses from 100 legs. Test data for network assessment comprised pulses from a further 50 legs (20 normal and 30 PVD, of which 15 were categorized as having major disease). A network sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 85% was achieved with respect to the Doppler ABPI standard, giving a diagnostic accuracy of 90%. The results of this study indicate that a neural network can be trained to distinguish between PPG pulses from normal and diseased lower limb arteries. The simplicity of PPG measurement and neural network classification holds promise for the screening of lower limb arterial PVD.
Nanofibers generated from nonclassical organogelators based on difluoroboron β-diketonate complexes to detect aliphatic primary amine vapors (2016)

Narrow band gap nonclassical π-organogelators self-assembled into nanofibers for detecting primary amine vapors <italic>via</italic> the decomposition of difluoroboron β-diketonate complexes.
Novel Design and Analysis of Aggregated ARQ Protocols for IEEE 802.11n Networks (2012)

The design of wireless local area networks (WLANs) with enhanced throughput performance have attracted significant amounts of attention in recent years. Based on the IEEE 802.11n standard, frame aggregation is considered one of the major factors to improve the system performance of WLANs from the medium access control (MAC) perspective. In order to fulfill the requirements of high throughput performance, feasible design of automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanisms becomes important for providing reliable data transmission. In this paper, two MAC-defined ARQ protocols are proposed to consider the effect from frame aggregation for the enhancement of network throughput. An aggregated selective repeat ARQ (ASR-ARQ) scheme is proposed which incorporates the selective repeat ARQ scheme with the consideration of frame aggregation. On the other hand, for worse channel quality, the aggregated hybrid ARQ (AH-ARQ) mechanism is proposed to further enhance the throughput performance by adopting the Reed-Solomon (RS) block code as forward error correction (FEC) scheme. Novel analytical models for both the ASR-ARQ and AH-ARQ protocols are established with the consideration of interfering wireless stations. Simulations are conducted to validate and compare the proposed ARQ mechanisms based on the service time distribution and system throughput. Numerical evaluations show that the proposed AH-ARQ protocol can outperform the other schemes under worse channel condition; while the ASR-ARQ scheme is superior to the other mechanisms under better channel condition.
Effect of bound lipid on flavor of protein isolate from corn germ (1977)

Protein isolated from solvent-extracted dry-milled corn germ contains little free lipid but contains 7-11% bound lipid, the presence of which results in flavours describable as stale and rancid; such flavours reduce the utility of the protein in food systems. Removal of bound lipid improves both flavour and odour of corn germ protein isolate; however, the flavour of the improved product is still not as bland as that of sodium caseinate. The 2 best methods developed for removing bound lipid were: extract corn germ meal 3 times with 5 vol. of 80% ethanol before isolation, or vigorously extract the still wet, freshly precipitated protein 3 times with 10 vol. of 80% ethanol.
MnSOD upregulation sustains the Warburg effect via mitochondrial ROS and AMPK-dependent signalling in cancer (2015)

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD/SOD2) is a mitochondria-resident enzyme that governs the types of reactive oxygen species egressing from the organelle to affect cellular signalling. Here we demonstrate that MnSOD upregulation in cancer cells establishes a steady flow of H2O2 originating from mitochondria that sustains AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activation and the metabolic shift to glycolysis. Restricting MnSOD expression or inhibiting AMPK suppresses the metabolic switch and dampens the viability of transformed cells indicating that the MnSOD/AMPK axis is critical to support cancer cell bioenergetics. Recapitulating in vitro findings, clinical and epidemiologic analyses of MnSOD expression and AMPK activation indicated that the MnSOD/AMPK pathway is most active in advanced stage and aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Taken together, our results indicate that MnSOD serves as a biomarker of cancer progression and acts as critical regulator of tumour cell metabolism.
β2-Adrenergic receptor agonist ameliorates phenotypes and corrects microRNA-mediated IGF1 deficits in a mouse model of Rett syndrome (2014)

Rett syndrome is a severe childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), with known disturbances in catecholamine synthesis. Here, we show that treatment with the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol increases survival, rescues abnormalities in respiratory function and social recognition, and improves motor coordination in young male Mecp2-null (Mecp2(-/y)) mice. Importantly, we demonstrate that short-term treatment with clenbuterol in older symptomatic female heterozygous (Mecp2(-/+)) mice rescues respiratory, cognitive, and motor coordination deficits, and induces an anxiolytic effect. In addition, we reveal abnormalities in a microRNA-mediated pathway, downstream of brain-derived neurotrophic factor that affects insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression in Mecp2(-/y) mice, and show that treatment with clenbuterol restores the observed molecular alterations. Finally, cotreatment with clenbuterol and recombinant human IGF1 results in additional increases in survival in male null mice. Collectively, our data support a role for IGF1 and other growth factor deficits as an underlying mechanism of Rett syndrome and introduce β2-adrenergic receptor agonists as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of the disorder.
Topical 6-aminonicotinamide plus oral niacinamide therapy for psoriasis (1978)

• Ninety-nine patients with psoriasis were treated topically with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) in four years. In a double-blind study, 1% 6-AN gel was superior to 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in 29 comparisons, equal in three, and inferior in one when applied without occlusion for four weeks. In an open study, 1% 6-AN was better than four "potent" steroid creams in 34 comparisons, equal in four, and inferior in one. Substantial improvement or complete clearing of plaques occurred in 85 of 99 patients. Tachyphylaxis occurred in ten, but was not permanent. Mucocutaneous toxicity appeared in 25% but was usually easily controlled. Tinnitus occurred in four, but none had deterioration of audiogram readings. The combination of topical 6-AN and oral niacinamide therapy gives promise of an effective and safe treatment for psoriasis. One of three patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris improved considerably with 6-AN. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>114:1632-1638, 1978)
Cyclic Tetrapeptides Bearing a Sulfhydryl Group Potently Inhibit Histone Deacetylases (2003)

New inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) containing a sulfhydryl group were designed on the basis of the corresponding hydroxamic acid (CHAP31) and FK228. Their disulfide dimers and hybrids exhibited potent HDAC inhibitory activity in vivo with potential as anticancer prodrugs. [structure: see text]