gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Managing Bottom Hole Circulating Temperature Behavior in Horizontal HT Wells - A Case Study Based on Haynesville Horizontal Wells (2011)

Abstract While HT wells have always presented drilling challenges, the recent activity increase in the Haynesville shale located across the border between Texas and Louisiana presents a unique and extreme environment for drilling equipment. Not only is there a high frequency of temperature related MWD/LWD failures, the profile and architecture of Haynesville wells has provided an opportunity to study and better understand the thermal behavior of horizontal HT wells in general. Through improved understanding, well specific operational guidelines and planning considerations can be implemented to ultimately reduce the risk of downhole temperature related failures. This paper discusses a Haynesville horizontal well case study where temperature simulations were compared and calibrated to actual downhole temperature measurements taken while drilling. After calibration of the model was established, a series of simulations were conducted to investigate the sensitivity of bottom hole circulating temperature to choices of drilling systems, fluids systems, mud cooling systems and well design. The simulation results indicate: The bottom hole circulating temperature profiles of HT horizontal wells are significantly different than those of vertical wells and can even exceed the bottom hole static temperature. The simple every day choices made with regards to the drilling program including fluids selection, hole size, bottom hole assembly type, bit hydraulics, and flowrate all influence bottom hole circulating temperature and can either increase it or decrease it. Optimization in the traditional sense (focused on ROP) does not apply and can result in even higher bottom hole circulating temperatures. The correct procedures are often counter intuitive. This paper will detail the above mentioned effects on bottom hole circulating temperature and will present optimization guidelines and planning considerations for managing circulating temperatures. At the time of this writing, the implementation of these guidelines and procedures discussed in this paper is just beginning. The overall trends for MWD/LWD performance for the Haynesville, while improving over time still indicate significant room for improvement in planning and operating practices (Appendix - Figure A1). Guidelines and planning considerations, and operating practices for horizontal Haynesville wells are presented along with the reasoning behind them.
The Burke and Wills expedition 1860-186+1: A study in evidence (1997)

There are very few good history CD-Roms available for classroom use. This is one which will appeal to many teachers.
Development of PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Detection of the Pathogens <i>Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis</i> and <i>Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens</i> in Apple Fruit (2013)

Speck rot caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis rot caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens are two recently reported postharvest diseases of apple. Infection by these two pathogens occurs in the orchard but remains latent before harvest. Symptoms develop after harvest and are similar to those of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. Accurate diagnosis of these diseases is important during the fruit inspection process, particularly in the instance of fruit destined for export. Early near-harvest detection of latent infections in apple fruit is an important step to implement relevant pre- and postharvest measures for disease control. The aim of this study was to develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for diagnosis and early detection of latent infections of apple fruit by P. washingtonensis and S. pyriputrescens. Species-specific primers based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region were designed for use in PCR assays. Conventional and real-time PCR assays were developed and validated using fruit inoculated with P. washingtonensis, S. pyriputrescens, or B. cinerea and compared with identifications using traditional isolation-based assays. For wound-inoculated fruit, the PCR assays consistently provided the correct identification of the pathogen used as the inoculant in 6 h of processing time, compared with 5 to 6 days using culture-based methods. Real-time PCR assays effectively detected latent infections in symptomless stem and calyx tissues of fruit that were inoculated with the pathogens in the orchard during the growing season. The PCR assays provide a rapid, accurate method for diagnosis and early detection of these diseases.
Corona Virus (COVID – 19) (2020)

It is difficult while writing an editorial, at this time, to ignore the extensive impact of the Corona virus (COVID-19) and it is probably important for us, as health professionals to give it some considered thought, outside the immediacy of current activity. I say this as someone recently returned from work related overseas travel, with my travel not meeting the government-imposed return deadline by some seven hours. This required my quarantine and/or isolation for some two weeks. After my first week of exclusion from most of my family, friends and working remotely and online it seems that the rest of Australia has caught up with my circumstance, many stood down from work, many businesses closed, a massive effort by the health system and economic rescue or support packages being implemented by government. It seems that I will have little opportunity to relax and celebrate with others at the end of this week.....
Inducible atrial flutter and fibrillation after orthotopic heart transplantation. (1993)

Inducible atrial flutter (two patients) and fibrillation (two patients) were observed in a series of 35 heart transplant patients who underwent evaluation of sinus node function including premature atrial stimulation. The sinus node function was entirely normal in both patients with inducible atrial flutter. In contrast it was profoundly abnormal in the patients with inducible atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation was no longer inducible as the sinus node function became borderline normal. These observations suggest extensive electrical atrial abnormality, including the sinus node, in patients with atrial fibrillation, and temporary pacing should be available when considering cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation early after heart transplantation. Atrial flutter, in contrast, may be inducible in the absence of any sinus node abnormality and without any evidence of rejection.
Discriminative learning for minimum error classification (pattern recognition) (1992)

A formulation is proposed for minimum-error classification, in which the misclassification probability is to be minimized based on a given set of training samples. A fundamental technique for designing a classifier that approaches the objective of minimum classification error in a more direct manner than traditional methods is given. The method is contrasted with several traditional classifier designs in typical experiments to demonstrate the superiority of the new learning formulation. The method can applied to other classifier structures as well. Experimental results pertaining to a speech recognition task are provided to show the effectiveness of the technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
fdrtool: a versatile R package for estimating local and tail area-based false discovery rates (2008)

strimmer@uni-leipzig.de.
Geostatistical analysis of ground‐survey elevation data to elucidate spatial and temporal river channel change (2003)

Abstract A digital elevation model (DEM) of a fluvial environment represented landform surface variability well and provided a medium for monitoring morphological change over time. Elevation was measured above an arbitrary datum using a ground‐based three‐dimensional tacheometric survey in two reaches of the River Nent, UK, in July 1998, October 1998 (after flood conditions) and June 1999. A detailed geostatistical analysis of the elevation data was used to model the spatial variation of elevation and to produce DEMs in each reach and for each survey period. Maps of the difference in elevation were produced and volumetric change was calculated for each reach and each survey period. The parameters of variogram models were used to describe the morphological character of each reach and to elucidate the linkages between process and the form of channel change operating at different spatial and temporal scales. The analysis of channel change on the River Nent shows the potential of geostatistics for investigating the magnitude and frequency of geomorphic work in other rivers. A flood modified the channel features, but low magnitude and high frequency flows rationalized the morphology. In spite of relatively small amounts of net flux the channel features changed as a consequence of the reworking of existing material. The blocking of chute entrances and redirection of the channel had a considerable effect on the behaviour of the channel. Such small changes suggested that the distributary system was sensitive to variation in sediment regime. Plots of the kriging variances against sampling intervals were used to quantify the temporal variation in sampling redundancy (ranging between −11 per cent and +93 per cent). These curves illustrated the importance of bespoke sampling designs to reduce sampling effort by incorporating anisotropic variation in space and geomorphic information on flow regime. Variation in the nugget parameter of the variogram models was interpreted as sampling inaccuracy caused by variability in particle size and is believed to be important for future work on surface roughness. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced cardiovascular adverse events: a meta-analysis (2016)

This instead of the meta-analysis suggests that COX-2 selectivity may not play a role in the CV risk of NSAIDs. Rofecoxib was the only drug to demonstrate harm and skewed the data of the COX-2 selective group.
Correlation of methylprednisolone levels in cat spinal cord with its effects on (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, lipid peroxidation, and alpha motor neuron function (1982)

Large intravenous doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate are associated with biochemical and electrophysiological effects in the cat spinal cord which may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of spinal cord injury. The potentially beneficial effects of large doses of the glucocorticoid include: 1) an enhancement of spinal cord (Na + + K+)-ATPase activity; 2) an attenuation of lipid peroxide formation; 3) a hyperpolarization of motor neuron resting membrane potentials; and 4) an accelerated impulse conduction along the myelinated portion of the motor axon. Each of these is apparent with spinal cord tissue levels of methylprednisolone around 1.3 micrograms/gm wet weight, which are rapidly obtained following a single intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg. The half-life of methylprednisolone in cat spinal cord following a single intravenous administration, as well as the duration of its pharmacological actions, is roughly 3 hours. The data suggest that, in order to be of therapeutic value in the treatment of acute spinal cord trauma, early intervention with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (30 to 40 mg/kg) is necessary, followed by intravenous maintenance dosing of 15 to 20 mg/kg every 2 to 3 hours. The rationale and duration for this regimen are discussed.
Comparison of sun protection factors determined by an <i>in vivo</i> and different <i>in vitro</i> methodologies: a study with 58 different commercially available sunscreen products (2004)

An extensive study on the sun protection factors (SPF) of sun care products was carried out using the COLIPA (The European Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association) method, which relates to in vivo experiments. Furthermore, in vitro methods were tested with sunscreen formulations that were prepared as films on surface-roughened plates of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). One of the in vitro methods, i.e. using the sunscreen tester, has been recently developed, whereas the second has been defined by a pure spectroscopic approach, which is based on spectral transmission measurements of sunscreen films. Altogether 58 different sunscreen formulations, with manufacturer declared SPF values ranging from 4 to 60 and currently available on the European market, were investigated. The quality of correlations with results from the individual products based on the different in vitro methods versus the COLIPA values that were considered as generally accepted standard values was assessed. In this context, also variations because of sample preparation and spectral measurement were discussed. For sunscreen products with in vivo SPF values larger 25, the spectral transmittance within the UVA/UVB range is rapidly decreasing, which is experienced even for products with reduced amounts reaching 0.5 mg cm(-2) and still leading to unsatisfactory correlation of the spectroscopically derived SPF values versus the results from the alternative assays. Opposite to these small amounts, a sunscreen product spread of 2 mg cm(-2) is standard for the in vivo COLIPA method, whereas an area-normalized amount of 1 mg cm(-2) is currently routinely used for the sunscreen tester method. Furthermore, an overview of the individual product characteristics, such as their specific critical wavelengths and their UVA/UVB ratios is provided; both parameters can also be calculated from the spectral absorbances of the standardized sunscreen films.
Eimeria tenella: development of resistance to arprinocid and decoquinate in the chicken. (1985)

Resistance to arprinocid was developed in Eimeria tenella after seven serial passages in chickens given progressively greater concentrations of drug. Resistance to the quinolone decoquinate developed after eight passages. These results taken together with the observation that resistance to both drugs developed within a year of their introduction suggest that some indication of the likelihood of the emergence, in the field, of resistance to a given drug, may be obtained by comparing it with a standard reference drug in experimental studies.
A Comparison of Animated Maps with Static Small-Multiple Maps for Visually Identifying Space-Time Clusters (2006)

Abstract Although animated maps are widely promoted as ideal vehicles for learning and scientific discovery, there has been little empirical work that demonstrates their relative effectiveness in relation to static small-multiple alternatives. In this article, we attempt to clarify the issues related to the potential of animation from an explicitly geographic perspective, but one that is also grounded in broader cognitive science and human-computer interaction considerations. We compared the effectiveness of animated with static small-multiple maps, specifically in relation to map readers' ability to identify clusters that move over space and through time. In this study, we focused on several factors that might impact (or help explain) map readers' ability to correctly identify clusters. These factors included animation pace, cluster coherence, and gender. We found that map readers answer more quickly and identify more patterns correctly when using animated maps than when using static small-multiple maps. We also found that pace and cluster coherence interact so that different paces are more effective for identifying certain types of clusters (none vs. subtle vs. strong), and that there are some gender differences in the animated condition. This study is one of a small number of controlled experiments directed to the relative advantages of animated and static small-multiple maps. It provides the basis for further research that is needed to better understand the cognitive load involved in reading animated maps, to better describe and understand gender differences, and to investigate the efficacy of animated maps for other types of map reading tasks.
Compartmental Syndrome of the Forearm: Report of an Unusual Case (1984)

Compartmental syndrome of the forearm is a well-recognized complication of upper extremity injuries. An unusual case of the syndrome is presented, which developed after a "sprained" wrist. The etiology of the syndrome in this case was possibly tearing of anterior compartment muscle fibers when the wrist was forcibly extended in the fall, or a reflex sympathetic arc set up by the wrist trauma.
Proportional bandwidth properties of fault indicating tones in a ball bearing system (2002)

The proportional bandwidth properties of bearing generated tones are explored in a condition based maintenance context. A comparison, between time-frequency and time-scale (wavelet) detection techniques is performed using data gathered from an experimental set up. The wavelet techniques exhibit a 2 to 3 dB gain, depending on the harmonic number being detected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Four-Way Junction Formation Promoting Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of MicroRNA (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of biomarkers that are frequently deregulated in cancer cells and have shown a great promise for cancer classification and prognosis. Here, we endeavored to develop a DNA four-way junction based electrochemical sensor (4J-SENS) for ultrasensitive miRNA analysis. The developed sensor can be operated within the dynamic range from 10 aM to 1 fM and detect as low as 2 aM of miR-122 (∼36 molecules per sample), without PCR amplification. Furthermore, the 4J-SENS was employed to profile endogenouse hsa-miR-122 in healthy human and chronic lymphocyitc leukemia (CLL) patient serum, and the results were validated by qPCR analysis.
Distributed Operating Systems: Concepts and Design (1996)

Distributed Operating Systems will provide engineers, educators, and researchers with an in-depth understanding of the full range of distributed operating systems components. Each chapter addresses de-facto standards, popular technologies, and design principles applicable to a wide variety of systems. Complete with chapter summaries, end-of-chapter exercises and bibliographies, Distributed Operating Systems concludes with a set of case studies that provide real-world insights into four distributed operating systems
Endoscopic Augmented Reality Navigation System for Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery to Treat Pituitary Tumors: Technical Note (2002)

The endoscopic AR navigation system allows surgeons to perform accurate, safe, endoscope-assisted operations to treat pituitary tumors; it is particularly useful for reoperations, in which midline landmarks may be absent. We consider the AR navigation system to be a promising tool for safe, minimally invasive, endonasal, transsphenoidal surgery to treat pituitary tumors.
Fake news detection using naive Bayes classifier (2017)

This paper shows a simple approach for fake news detection using naive Bayes classifier. This approach was implemented as a software system and tested against a data set of Facebook news posts. We achieved classification accuracy of approximately 74% on the test set which is a decent result considering the relative simplicity of the model. This results may be improved in several ways, that are described in the article as well. Received results suggest, that fake news detection problem can be addressed with artificial intelligence methods.
Production of Phenolic Compounds by Fast Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus Woody Biomass Using Modified Zeolite Catalysts (2014)

In fast catalytic pyrolysis of eucalyptus woody biomass, zeolites mainly enhanced the formation of both oxygenated and non-oxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Notably, H-ZSM-5 with a low Si/Al2 ratio and H-Beta zeolites were highly efficient at catalyzing the formation of non-oxygenated aromatic compounds, while H-ZSM-5 with a high Si/Al2 ratio, H-mordenite, and USY (ultra-stable Y) were moderately efficient at catalyzing the formation of phenolic compounds as well as non-oxygenated aromatics. There seems to be an inverse correlation between yields of non-oxygenated aromatic compounds and those of phenolic compounds. Strong solid acidity favored deoxygenation. Moderate solid acidity favored the formation of phenolic compounds. Micropore structure also affected type and distribution of products. The addition of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Re, or Pt to USY improved the yield of phenol. Ag- or Pt-modification improved the yield of total phenolic compounds (phenol + methylphenols + dimethylphenols).
Pectate lyase C from Bacillus subtilis: a novel endo-cleaving enzyme with activity on highly methylated pectin (2006)

The gene yvpA from Bacillus subtilis was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. It encoded a pectate lyase of 221 amino acids that was denominated PelC. The heterologously expressed enzyme was purified by His-tag affinity chromatography and characterized. PelC depolymerized polygalacturonate and pectins of methyl esterification degree from 22 % to 89 %, exhibiting maximum activity on 22 % esterified citrus pectin. It showed an absolute Ca2+ requirement and the optimum temperature and pH were 65 degrees C and pH 10, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of PelC showed 53 % identity to pectate lyase PelA from Paenibacillus barcinonensis, which was also characterized. Similarly to PelC, purified PelA showed activity on polygalacturonate and pectins with a high degree of methyl esterification. The two enzymes cleaved pectic polymers to a mixture of oligogalacturonates, indicating an endo mode of action. Analysis of activity on trigalacturonate showed that PelC cleaved it to galacturonic acid and unsaturated digalacturonate, whereas PelA did not show activity on this substrate. PelC and PelA showed high homology to a few recently identified pectate lyases of family 3 and form with them a cluster of small-sized pectate lyases from non-pathogenic micro-organisms.
A Weighted Finite-State Framework for Correcting Errors in Natural Scene OCR (2007)

With the increasing market of cheap cameras, natural scene text has to be handled in an efficient way. Some works deal with text detection in the image while more recent ones point out the challenge of text extraction and recognition. We propose here an OCR correction system to handle tra- ditional issues of recognizer errors but also the ones due to natural scene images, i.e. cut characters, artistic display, uncomplete sentences (present in advertisements) and out- of-vocabulary (OOV) words such as acronyms and so on. The main algorithm bases on Finite-State Machines (FSMs) to deal with learned OCR confusions, capital/accented let- ters and lexicon look-up. Moreover, as OCR is not consid- ered as a black box, several outputs are taken into account to intermingle recognition and correction steps. Based on a public database of natural scene words, detailed results are also presented along with future works.