gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Multidither Adaptive Optics System Operation Using A Separate Dither And Corrector Mirror</title> (1979)

Described is the operation of a nine-zone multidither adaptive optics system. Closed-loop control system data show the interaction of dither frequency spacing with achievable system bandwidth. Performance predictions for a 69-zone system are presented.
Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application (2016)

Moringa oleifera, native to India, grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is commonly known as ‘drumstick tree’ or ‘horseradish tree’. Moringa can withstand both severe drought and mild frost conditions and hence widely cultivated across the world. With its high nutritive values, every part of the tree is suitable for either nutritional or commercial purposes. The leaves are rich in minerals, vitamins and other essential phytochemicals. Extracts from the leaves are used to treat malnutrition, augment breast milk in lactating mothers. It is used as potential antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial agent. M. oleifera seed, a natural coagulant is extensively used in water treatment. The scientific effort of this research provides insights on the use of moringa as a cure for diabetes and cancer and fortification of moringa in commercial products. This review explores the use of moringa across disciplines for its medicinal value and deals with cultivation, nutrition, commercial and prominent pharmacological properties of this “Miracle Tree”.
Thermomagnetic video recording (1979)

Thermomagnetic recording of analog information on chromium dioxide tape has been investigated using apparatus consisting of a magnetic head and a laser as the heating source for writing and an inductive magnetic head for reproduction. A preliminary experiment indicated that the minimum recorded wavelength obtainable was about 3 μm and that a track width of less than 5 μm was possible. Another experiment, in which the tape was transported at a speed of about 10 m/s, showed the possibility of using thermoremanent techniques for real-time recording of video signals. Also it was demonstrated that magnetic printing techniques could be used to allow a magnetooptical readout of information recorded on the tape.
Experimental Investigation of Vortex Generators on a Low- Boom Supersonic Inlet (2011)

Vortex generators (VGs) were experimentally investigated on a single-stream Low-Boom Supersonic Inlet in the 8x6 foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Four upstream micro-VG and six downstream VG configurations were designed and tested for the purpose of this work. The objectives of the test were to evaluate the effects of the upstream micro-VGs on the normal shock stability, evaluate effects of the downstream VGs on reducing the boundary-layer thickness, and determine overall inlet performance. Results are presented in terms of total pressure recovery, flow distortion, boundary-layer velocity profiles, sound pressure levels, and dynamic spectra. The results showed a marginal decrease in the total pressure recovery for all VG configurations. The upstream micro-VG did not have a significant effect on the normal shock stability. And the downstream VGs accounted for the majority of improvement in boundary-layer thickness.
Identification of nonlinear processes with dead time by recurrent neural networks (2005)

Methods for identifying a nonlinear dynamic process with unknown and possibly variable dead times via an internal recurrent neural network (IRN) model are proposed. It is shown that an IRN with sufficient hidden nodes can be used directly for the identification of a process with dead times. If a process input window rather than just the current process input is used as the input to an IRN model, the number of the hidden nodes in the IRN model can be reduced, and the prediction performance of the IRN improves for process with long dead times.
Integrated Preliminary Design Approach for Turbomachinery Design (2011)

Turbo machinery preliminary design is an iterative process that begins with an initial Cycle design and culminates with a cross-section of an engine that meets performance, weight and cost criteria. There is a need to have an integrated system that can allow designers to work seamlessly with the conceptual design process involving Cycle, aero and mechanical preliminary design methods. This becomes a huge challenge considering the minimal inputs available at the initial design stage, complexities of design requirements and the multi-disciplinary skills required to come up with accurate design concepts that can satisfy aero and mechanical design requirements. Also, it becomes a highly challenging task to assess the impact of design changes on the downstream design phase for realistic trade-offs. This paper focuses on providing an Integrated Design approach called IPD system (Integrated Preliminary Design) to reduce design cycle time (by 50% per design iteration) and improve fidelity of engine cross-sections at the preliminary design stage (weight & cost prediction improvement by 5%). The IPD system smoothly connects different multi-design disciplines including Cycle design, Flowpath design, nacelle aeroline design and system level mechanical and architectural design across all conceptual and preliminary design stages. Apart from system level design, the IPD system helps the designer to create components iteratively and update the system level model accordingly arriving at a solution that meets aero and mechanical design requirements. This design approach also provides a high fidelity system plan to optimize the system level design that can meet performance, weight and cost requirements.
Apolipoprotein gene expression in the rabbit: abundance, size, and distribution of apolipoprotein mRNA species in different tissues (1988)

We have used human apolipoprotein cDNAs as hybridization probes to study the relative abundance and distribution of apolipoprotein mRNAs in rabbit tissues by RNA blotting analysis. The tissues surveyed included liver, intestine, lung, pancreas, spleen, stomach, skeletal muscle, testis, heart, kidney, adrenal, aorta, and brain. We found that liver is the sole or major site of synthesis of apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoB, apoC-I, apoC-II, apoC-III, and apoE, and the intestine is a major site of synthesis of apoA-I, apoA-IV, and apoB. Minor sites of apolipoprotein mRNA synthesis were as follows: apoA-I, liver and skeletal muscle; apoA-IV, spleen and lung; apoB, kidney; apoC-II and apoC-III, intestine. ApoE mRNA was detected in all tissues surveyed with the exception of skeletal muscle. Sites with moderate apoE mRNA (10% of the liver value) were lung, brain, spleen, stomach, and testis. All rabbit mRNAs had forms with sizes comparable to their human counterparts. In addition, hybridization of hepatic and intestinal RNA with human apoA-IV and apoB probes produced a second hybridization band of approximately 2.4 and 8 kb, respectively. Similarly, hybridization of rabbit intestinal RNA with human apoC-II produced a hybridization band of 1.8 kb. The 8 kb apoB mRNA form may correspond to the apoB-48 mRNA, whereas the apoA-IV- and apoC-II-related mRNA species have not been described previously. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the sites of apolipoprotein gene expression and shows numerous differences in both the abundance and the tissue distribution of several apolipoprotein mRNAs between rabbit and human tissues. These findings and the observation of potentially new apolipoprotein mRNA species are important for our understanding of the cis and trans acting factors that confer tissue specificity as well as factors that regulate the expression of apolipoprotein genes in different mammalian species.
Addressing the Curse of Imbalanced Training Sets: One-Sided Selection. (1997)

Adding examples of the majority class to the training set can have a detrimental effect on the learner&apos;s behavior: noisy or otherwise unreliable examples from the majority class can overwhelm the minority class. The paper discusses criteria to evaluate the utility of classifiers induced from such imbalanced training sets, gives explanation of the poor behavior of some learners under these circumstances, and suggests as a solution a simple technique called one-sided selection of examples. 1 Introduction The general topic of this paper is learning from examples described by pairs [(x; c(x)], where x is a vector of attribute values and c(x) is the corresponding concept label. For simplicity, we consider only problems where c(x) is either positive or negative, and all attributes are continuous. Since Fisher (1936), this task has received plenty of attention from statisticians as well as from researchers in artificial neural networks, AI, and ML. A typical scenario assumes the e...
Melt processible fluoropolymer composites (1982)

Abstract A series of melt‐processible fluoropolymer compounds including ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF 2 ), ethylene‐chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), perfluoroalkoxy modified tetrafluoroethylene (PFA), and fluorinated ethylene‐propylene copolymer (FEP) containing reinforcing glass fiber, milled glass fiber, carbon fiber, minerals, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) lubricant powder, graphite powder and MoS 2 were prepared and characterized. The mechanical, physical, thermal, and tribiological properties of these composites were compared and ranked for suitability in various applications. These composites represent the first comprehensive evaluation of reinforced and filled meltprocessible fluoropolymer composites.
Detection of a genetic footprint of the sofosbuvir resistance-associated substitution S282T after HCV treatment failure (2017)

Comparative analyses of viral sequences at the codon level before and after DAA treatment may help to elucidate the patient's history of resistance selection, which is particularly valuable for highly unfit substitutions that are detectable only for a short period of time. If such codon changes increase the risk of re-selection of resistance upon a second exposure to SOF remains to be addressed.
Role of Annexin A2 in the Production of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen affecting 170 million chronically infected individuals. In search for cellular proteins involved in HCV replication, we have developed a purification strategy for viral replication complexes and identified annexin A2 (ANXA2) as an associated host factor. ANXA2 colocalized with viral nonstructural proteins in cells harboring genotype 1 or 2 replicons as well as in infected cells. In contrast, we found no obvious colocalization of ANXA2 with replication sites of other positive-strand RNA viruses. The silencing of ANXA2 expression showed no effect on viral RNA replication but resulted in a significant reduction of extra- and intracellular virus titers. Therefore, it seems likely that ANXA2 plays a role in HCV assembly rather than in genome replication or virion release. Colocalization studies with individually expressed HCV nonstructural proteins indicated that NS5A specifically recruits ANXA2, probably by an indirect mechanism. By the deletion of individual NS5A subdomains, we identified domain III (DIII) as being responsible for ANXA2 recruitment. These data identify ANXA2 as a novel host factor contributing, with NS5A, to the formation of infectious HCV particles.
First experimental results of an integrated robotic system for haptic teleoperation (2007)

This paper presents a haptic teletobotic system designed to assist an operator during the execution of a multi- degrees of freedom teleoperation task. The system comprises a haptic master, a 3D visual feedback device, a slave robot, and a haptic server through which all the modules communicate. The use of the haptic server allows decoupling direct communication among all the devices involved in teleoperation and gives the possibility of introducing virtual forces at the master side ensuring a considerable enhancement of operators' performances. Experimental results from some first teleoperation tests are presented and discussed to validate the proposed telerobotic system architecture.
Complement Factor H Limits Immune Complex Deposition and Prevents Inflammation and Scarring in Glomeruli of Mice with Chronic Serum Sickness (2004)

Factor H is the major complement regulator in plasma. Abnormalities in factor H have been implicated in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in both humans and experimental animals. It has been shown that factor H on rodent platelets functions analogously to human erythrocyte complement receptor 1 in its role to traffic immune complexes to the mononuclear phagocyte system. C57BL/6 factor H-deficient mice (Cfh(-/-)) and wild-type (wt) controls were immunized daily for 5 wk with heterologous apoferritin to study the chronic serum sickness GN model. Immunizations were started in 6- to 8-wk-old mice, which was before the development of spontaneous membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in some Cfh(-/-) animals. Glomerular deposition of IgG immune complexes in glomeruli was qualitatively and quantitatively increased in Cfh(-/-) mice compared with wt mice. Consistent with the increase in glomerular immune complexes and possibly because of alternative pathway complement activation, Cfh(-/-) mice had increased glomerular C3 deposition. Wt mice developed no glomerular pathology. In contrast, Cfh(-/-) mice developed diffuse proliferative GN with focal crescents and glomerulosclerosis. In addition, there was significantly increased expression of collagen IV, fibronectin, and laminin mRNA in Cfh(-/-) glomeruli. These data show a role for platelet-associated factor H to process immune complexes and limit their accumulation in glomeruli. Once deposited in glomeruli, excessive complement activation can lead to glomerular inflammation and the rapid development of a scarring phenotype.
On applicability of symbolic techniques to larger scheduling problems (1995)

It has been generally assumed that recently introduced symbolic techniques are applicable only to small scheduling problems. This report demonstrates that applicability of these techniques can be extended to larger dataflow graphs by: (i) using Zero-Suppressed BDDs, (ii) applying a set of interior constraints that reduce the size of intermediate solutions, (iii) implicit application of complex constraints, and (iv) formulation of set-based heuristics that preserve whole sets of partial solutions exhibiting desirable properties. Both heuristic and exact methods are discussed using standard benchmarks and are compared to the previously published work. >
Clinical Application of Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling to the Gefapixant Development Program (2020)

In this paper we show the application of the Tasso OnDemand™, a novel automated sample collection device, in conjunction with volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for the development of gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist currently under clinical development for the treatment of refractory and unexplained chronic cough and endometriosis-related pain. A LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method was developed and validated using VAMS to support this development program. This method was utilized in a drug-drug interaction study to establish a mathematical bridging relationship with data obtained from a validated plasma assay used to support the program. The VAMS bioanalytical method and the predictability of the mathematical relationship is reported and discussed here.
Hypoglycemic Health Benefits of <scp>d</scp>-Psicose (2011)

Diabetes is an emerging health problem worldwide. The incidence of type 2 diabetes has dramatically increased and is expected to increase more rapidly in the future. Most patients with type 2 diabetes suffer from obesity and diabetes-related complications, including cardiovascular disease and hepatic steatosis. It has been proposed that simple sugar consumption is one of the major risk factors in the development of diabetes. Hence, the replacement of sugars with a low glycemic response would be an effective strategy to prevent type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that D-psicose, which has 70% the sweetness of sucrose and no calories, is a functional sugar exerting several health benefits preventing the development of diabetes. Although D-psicose presents in small amounts in natural products, a recent new technique using biocatalyst sources enables large-scale D-psicose production. More importantly, several clinical and animal studies demonstrated that D-psicose has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant activities, which make it an ideal candidate for preventing diabetes and related health concerns. This review will summarize the protective effects of D-psicose against type 2 diabetes and its complications, suggesting its potential benefits as a sucrose substitute.
Learning Energy-Based Model with Variational Auto-Encoder as Amortized Sampler (2021)

Due to the intractable partition function, training energy-based models (EBMs) by maximum likelihood requires Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling to approximate the gradient of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between data and model distributions. However, it is non-trivial to sample from an EBM because of the difficulty of mixing between modes. In this paper, we propose to learn a variational auto-encoder (VAE) to initialize the finite-step MCMC, such as Langevin dynamics that is derived from the energy function, for efficient amortized sampling of the EBM. With these amortized MCMC samples, the EBM can be trained by maximum likelihood, which follows an "analysis by synthesis" scheme; while the VAE learns from these MCMC samples via variational Bayes. We call this joint training algorithm the variational MCMC teaching, in which the VAE chases the EBM toward data distribution. We interpret the learning algorithm as a dynamic alternating projection in the context of information geometry. Our proposed models can generate samples comparable to GANs and EBMs. Additionally, we demonstrate that our model can learn effective probabilistic distribution toward supervised conditional learning tasks.
Neutralization of Osteopontin Inhibits Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance (2010)

These findings demonstrate that antibody-mediated neutralization of OPN action significantly reduces insulin resistance in obesity. OPN neutralization partially decreases obesity-associated inflammation in adipose tissue and liver and reverses signal transduction related to insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Hence, targeting OPN could provide a novel approach for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Electrochemical Cycling and Lithium Insertion in Nanostructured FeF<sub>3</sub>Cathodes (2014)

The cycle lives for cathodes of nanocrystalline iron trifluoride (FeF 3 ) were measured in rechargeable lithium batteries at different depths of discharge. When the discharge was limited to less than one Li + ion per FeF 3 , both the cycle life and energy efficiency were considerably greater than when converting FeF 3 into Fe and LiF in deep discharge. An in situ X-ray diffractometry (XRD) study of the FeF 3 cathode during its initial discharge to LiFeF 3 showed a continuous change of the FeF 3 diffraction pattern, indicating Li + insertion into the rhombohedral FeF 3 causing distortion of its lattice parameters. Electrochemical cycling is most reversible when this mechanism occurs in the absence of other changes in the crystal structure.
<title>Thermoacoustic CT of the breast</title> (2002)

We have completed the design and testing of a thermoacoustic computed tomography scanner for whole-breast imaging. We report on the technical changes in this design form our previous TCT scanner, and how these design changes have improved image quality. Improvements to the design include: greater angular coverage of TCT measurements, increased sensitivity of the ultrasound detector array, and improved delivery of radio wave energy. These improvements resulted in higher fidelity 3D reconstructions, reduced scan time, and fewer image artifacts. These improvements were documented by imaging simple, 3D phantoms, formulated from salinated agar spheres. We confirmed improvements in breast image quality by comparing images of patient volunteers taken with our previous TCT scanner and this new TCT scanner.
Preparation of Samples for Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phthalate and Adipate Esters in Plasma and Beverages by Steam Distillation and Extraction (2002)

Phthalate and adipate esters are present in relatively large amounts in the environment, resulting in their large blank values at analysis and making precise analysis difficult. We developed a highly sensitive analytical method for phthalate and adipate esters in plasma and beverages by lowering the blank values that interfere with analysis. The method uses a closed distillation cleanup system in which steam distillation and extraction are performed simultaneously. The recoveries from beverages and plasma were both satisfactory, ranging from 90.2 to 118.3%, relative standard deviation (RSD) = 2.8-5.3%, and 96.2-134.4%, RSD = 2.2-6.5%, respectively. The detection limits of dibutyl phthalate and di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate were 5 ng/mL, and those of diethyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and di-2-ethyl hexyl adipate were 10 ng/mL in rabbit plasma and beverages.
A Latex Metabolite Benefits Plant Fitness under Root Herbivore Attack (2016)

Plants produce large amounts of secondary metabolites in their shoots and roots and store them in specialized secretory structures. Although secondary metabolites and their secretory structures are commonly assumed to have a defensive function, evidence that they benefit plant fitness under herbivore attack is scarce, especially below ground. Here, we tested whether latex secondary metabolites produced by the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) decrease the performance of its major native insect root herbivore, the larvae of the common cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha), and benefit plant vegetative and reproductive fitness under M. melolontha attack. Across 17 T. officinale genotypes screened by gas and liquid chromatography, latex concentrations of the sesquiterpene lactone taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G) were negatively associated with M. melolontha larval growth. Adding purified TA-G to artificial diet at ecologically relevant concentrations reduced larval feeding. Silencing the germacrene A synthase ToGAS1, an enzyme that was identified to catalyze the first committed step of TA-G biosynthesis, resulted in a 90% reduction of TA-G levels and a pronounced increase in M. melolontha feeding. Transgenic, TA-G-deficient lines were preferred by M. melolontha and suffered three times more root biomass reduction than control lines. In a common garden experiment involving over 2,000 T. officinale individuals belonging to 17 different genotypes, high TA-G concentrations were associated with the maintenance of high vegetative and reproductive fitness under M. melolontha attack. Taken together, our study demonstrates that a latex secondary metabolite benefits plants under herbivore attack, a result that provides a mechanistic framework for root herbivore driven natural selection and evolution of plant defenses below ground.