gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of doxycycline in prevention of recurrent periodontitis in high-risk patients: antimicrobial activity and collagenase inhibition. (1990)

82 patients with a recent history of periodontal abscesses and/or loss of gingival attachment (GAL) despite active periodontal therapy were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical measurements and subgingival scaling were performed every 2 months. If any site exhibited greater than or equal to 2 mm loss of GAL or a periodontal abscess, patients were administered either 100 mg Doxycycline per day for 3 weeks or placebo. During 12 months of monitoring, 55 patients exhibited recurrent active disease and were then randomly assigned to either the Doxycycline or placebo groups. Clinical measurements of GAL and microbiological culture of subgingival bacteria were made at intervals between 1 week and 7 months after completion of the drug regime. Within 7 months, 15 out of 19 patients on placebo exhibited recurrent disease compared to 13 out of 29 patients on Doxycycline, a relative risk reduction of 43% (p less than 0.05) for Doxycycline compared to placebo. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of Doxycycline for subgingival plaque samples from active sites ranged between 25-100 micrograms/ml, which are several fold higher than reported crevicular fluid concentrations for this drug. However gingival crevicular fluid collagenase was inhibited in vitro at concentrations of 5-10 micrograms/ml Doxycycline. These data indicate that Doxycycline provides significant risk reduction of recurrent periodontitis in patients with active disease.
Testing Hardware Security Properties and Identifying Timing Channels (2014)

Computers are being placed in charge of the systems and devices we trust with our safety and security. These embedded systems control our automobiles, commercial airlines, medical devices, mobile phones, and many other aspects that we hope will behave in a secure and reliable manner. In addition, the hardware in these systems are becoming increasingly complex; making security testing and evaluation a very difficult problem. Unfortunately, we have already seen many attacks performed on many of these systems including automobiles and medical devices. Many of these issues could have been prevented had there been better methods for security assessment. Specifically, hardware and embedded system designers are lacking the tools and methods for testing various security properties of their designs. Recently, a method known as gate-level information flow tracking (GLIFT) was introduced to dynamically monitor information flows in hardware for security. This dissertaion shows that this same technique can be very effectively applied statically to hardware designs to systematically test various different hardware security properties (e.g. to ensure that secret encryption keys are not leaking). Even further, this thesis demonstrates that GLIFT can effectively capture timing- channels (where information leaks in the amount of time a computation takes). These timing channels have been exploited in many past works to extract secret keys from different stateful hardware resources such as caches and branch predictors. This thesis presents some very fundamental background of GLIFT, shows how it can be used statically using several application examples, and formalizes how it can be used to detect timing channels. These contributions ultimately provide a method to do hardware security testing and verification for our future computing systems
Targeted delivery of vancomycin to <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> biofilms using a fibrinogen‐derived peptide (2012)

This study reports on the use of a fibrinogen-derived peptide for the specific targeting and delivery of vancomycin to Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. One method by which S. epidermidis initially adheres to biomaterials uses the plasma protein fibrinogen as an intermediary, where the S. epidermidis surface protein SdrG binds to a short amino acid sequence near the amino terminus of the Bβ chain of fibrinogen. We mimicked this binding interaction and demonstrated the use of a synthetic fibrinogen-based β6-20 peptide to target and deliver vancomycin to S. epidermidis in vitro. The β6-20 peptide was synthesized and labeled with a Nanogold probe, and its targeting capabilities were examined through the use of scanning electron microscopy. The Nanogold component was then replaced by vancomycin, utilizing a flexible, variable length poly(ethylene glycol) linker between the peptide and antibiotic to create the targeted vancomycin products, β6-20-PEG(x) -VAN. Initial binding to surface adherent S. epidermidis was increased in a concentration-dependent manner relative to vancomycin for all equivalent concentrations ≥4 μg/mL, with targeted vancomycin content up to 22.9 times that of vancomycin alone. Retention of the targeted antibiotics was measured after an additional 24-h incubation period, revealing levels 1.3 times that of vancomycin. The results demonstrate the improved targeting and retention of vancomycin within a biofilm due to the incorporation of a specific targeting motif.
Tungsten filled 3D printed field shaping devices for electron beam radiation therapy (2019)

This study demonstrates that with a proper quality assurance procedure, 3D-printed cutouts can provide more accurate electron radiotherapy with reduced toxicity compared to traditional Cerrobend methods.
The synthesis of cadmium phosphide nanoparticles using cadmium diorganophosphide precursors (1999)

An investigation into the thermolysis of diorganophoshides in co-ordinating Lewis base solvents has revealed the importance of not only reaction conditions such as time and temperature, but also the importance of organic groups on the precursor. Nanoparticles of Cd 3 P 2 have been synthesised using compounds such as [MeCd(PBu t 2 )] 3 in tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and 4-ethylpyridine at elevated temperatures. Distinct optical characteristics of quantum confinement effects are observed as the particle's dimensions decrease below the excitonic radius of 180 Å.
Control Entropy: What Is It and What Does It Tell Us? (2012)

Complex tasks of motor control in humans, such as locomotion or postural control, exhibit patterns of variability that until recently have been indiscernible from random noise. Tools from the field of non-linear dynamical systems have been increasingly applied to measurements of these tasks and changes in these complex patterns have been identified. A particular tool, control entropy (CE), is a measure of the regularity, or conversely, the complexity of a signal and is used to infer the constraints present on a system. More importantly, CE can be used under nonstationary conditions, and can therefore identify changes in the complexity or constraints on a system under dynamic exercise conditions. In this review, we summarize the insight that has been gained from application of CE to signals from studies involving walking, running and postural control. We show that changing constraints can be identified during dynamic exercise and that these are reflected in changing CE. We also discuss how CE can identify increased complexity of tasks such as postural control in the fatigued state. Key Words: complexity, locomotion, postural control, stationarity
Rapid lymphatic efflux limits cerebrospinal fluid flow to the brain (2018)

The relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain interstitial fluid are still being elucidated. It has been proposed that CSF within the subarachnoid space will enter paravascular spaces along arteries to flush through the parenchyma of the brain. However, CSF also directly exits the subarachnoid space through the cribriform plate and other perineural routes to reach the lymphatic system. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the functional relationship between CSF efflux through lymphatics and the potential influx into the brain by assessment of the distribution of CSF-infused tracers in awake and anesthetized mice. Using near-infrared fluorescence imaging, we showed that tracers quickly exited the subarachnoid space by transport through the lymphatic system to the systemic circulation in awake mice, significantly limiting their spread to the paravascular spaces of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence microscopy through the skull under anesthetized conditions indicated that tracers remained confined to paravascular spaces on the surface of the brain. Immediately after death, a substantial influx of tracers occurred along paravascular spaces extending into the brain parenchyma. We conclude that under normal conditions a rapid CSF turnover through lymphatics precludes significant bulk flow into the brain.
Towards building intelligent speech interfaces through the use of more flexible, robust and natural dialogue management solutions (2012)

In this paper a Bayesian Networks-based solution for dialogue modelling is presented. This solution is combined with carefully designed contextual information handling strategies. With the purpose of validating these solutions, and introducing a spoken dialogue system for controlling a Hi-Fi audio system as the selected prototype, a real-user evaluation has been conducted. Two different versions of the prototype are compared. Each version corresponds to a different implementation of the algorithm for the management of the actuation order, the algorithm for deciding the proper order to carry out the actions required by the user. The evaluation is carried out in terms of a battery of both subjective and objective metrics collected from speakers interacting with the Hi-Fi audio box through predefined scenarios. Defined metrics have been specifically adapted to measure: first, the usefulness and the actual relevance of the proposed solutions, and, secondly, their joint performance through their intelligent combination mainly measured as the level achieved with regard to the user satisfaction. A thorough and comprehensive study of the main differences between both approaches is presented. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests are also included to measure the effects of both: the system used and the type of scenario factors, simultaneously. Finally, the effect of bringing this flexibility, robustness and naturalness into our home dialogue system is also analyzed through the results obtained. These results show that the intelligence of our speech interface has been well perceived, highlighting its excellent ease of use and its good acceptance by users, therefore validating the approached dialogue management solutions and demonstrating that a more natural, flexible and robust dialogue is possible thanks to them.
Insights on the Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Analysis of Mycobacterium kansasii (2015)

By phylogenetic analysis, Mycobacterium kansasii is closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yet, although both organisms cause pulmonary disease, M. tuberculosis is a global health menace, whereas M. kansasii is an opportunistic pathogen. To illuminate the differences between these organisms, we have sequenced the genome of M. kansasii ATCC 12478 and its plasmid (pMK12478) and conducted side-by-side in vitro and in vivo investigations of these two organisms. The M. kansasii genome is 6,432,277 bp, more than 2 Mb longer than that of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and the plasmid contains 144,951 bp. Pairwise comparisons reveal conserved and discordant genes and genomic regions. A notable example of genomic conservation is the virulence locus ESX-1, which is intact and functional in the low-virulence M. kansasii, potentially mediating phagosomal disruption. Differences between these organisms include a decreased predicted metabolic capacity, an increased proportion of toxin-antitoxin genes, and the acquisition of M. tuberculosis-specific genes in the pathogen since their common ancestor. Consistent with their distinct epidemiologic profiles, following infection of C57BL/6 mice, M. kansasii counts increased by less than 10-fold over 6 weeks, whereas M. tuberculosis counts increased by over 10,000-fold in just 3 weeks. Together, these data suggest that M. kansasii can serve as an image of the environmental ancestor of M. tuberculosis before its emergence as a professional pathogen, and can be used as a model organism to study the switch from an environmental opportunistic pathogen to a professional host-restricted pathogen.
The Intelligent Development of Rural Tourism Industry in Jilin Province (2019)

In recent years, under the background of the rapid development of modern information technology, China's tourism industry has entered a new era of “intelligent” development, and intelligent tourism has emerged as the times required. Rural tourism, as an important way of tourism activities, has been favored by a large number of tourists, so the intelligence of rural tourism is imperative. Based on the present situation of rural tourism development in Jilin province, this paper discussed the characteristics and advantages of rural tourism resources in Jilin province. Then it analyzed the orientation of the intelligent development of rural tourism in the aspects of product difference, service difference and brand image difference. Finally, a new mode of intelligent development of rural tourism industry in Jilin province was given.
Wind Energy Conversion: The Potential of a Novel Ducted Turbine for Residential and Commercial Applications (2013)

A novel ducted turbine, referred to as a Wind Tower, for capturing wind power in either residential or commercial scale applications is studied theoretically and experimentally. A mathematical model is developed to predict the flow behavior inside the tower and a velocity coefficient is defined to correct the results at different test conditions. A wind tower prototype, including a four-quadrant-peak wind-catcher rooftop, a tower, a nozzle, and a turbine, is designed and fabricated. The captured wind power values from the mathematical model and the preliminary experimental tests are compared. While the mathematical model provides a good estimation of the output power in some cases, more precise experimental tests and simulation techniques are required to improve the mathematical model in some other cases. Significant changes in the output wind speed due to pressure differences created by the surrounding environment, the tower height, and the number of nozzles are observed. The advantages of being maintenance free, reliable, and sustainable, together with its special design that eliminates bird/bat mortality make the Wind Tower a promising solution for residential, commercial, and even off-grid applications.
Nanocrystal Formation in Aqueous Insertion Polymerization (2016)

High molecular weight linear polyethylene, in the form of 7 nm thin single-lamella nanocrystals with a diameter of up to 200 nm, is generated via aqueous catalytic polymerization using the water-soluble catalyst precursor [κ2-N,O-{2,6-(3′,5′-(F3C)2C6H3)2C6H3-N═C(H)-(3,5-I2-2-O-C6H2)}NiCH3{P(3-C6H4SO3Na)3}] (1-TPPTS). Studies under true pressure reactor conditions using a 13C-labeled catalyst precursor 1-13C-TPPTS show that in the first 30 s, 21–28% of the catalyst precursor initiates polymer chains. Catalyst deactivation occurs preferentially by hydrolysis, resulting in the formation of fully saturated polyethylene chains. The catalyst lifetime can be extended for more than 10 h upon addition of weakly coordinating compounds like N,N-dimethylformamide. Alternatively, at strongly basic conditions (pH 12.5) nanoparticle dispersions consisting of polyethylene with molecular weight of up to Mn = 7 × 105 g mol–1 and Mw/Mn = 1.2 are accessible after 60 min polymerization time. “Living”-type polymerization also can be performed by substituting water with deuterium oxide as the reaction medium. Here, catalyst lifetimes of more than 24 h are observed, and dispersions with more than 20 wt % nanocrystals are accessible at turnover frequencies (TOF) of ∼4000 ethylene (catalyst precursor)−1 h–1. A pressurizable sampling chamber was used to draw samples at high pressure and enabled the in-depth analysis and monitoring of the polymerization reaction and the particle formation in a time range of 30 s–24 h. It was shown that under most reaction conditions studied each nickel center produces one single-chain polyethylene particle, and the diameter of the resulting nanoplatelet is determined by the molecular weight of the polyethylene chain.
Cardiorenal Syndrome: Classification, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2019)

Cardiorenal syndrome encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving both the heart and kidneys in which acute or chronic dysfunction in 1 organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. It represents the confluence of heart-kidney interactions across several interfaces. These include the hemodynamic cross-talk between the failing heart and the response of the kidneys and vice versa, as well as alterations in neurohormonal markers and inflammatory molecular signatures characteristic of its clinical phenotypes. The mission of this scientific statement is to describe the epidemiology and pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome in the context of the continuously evolving nature of its clinicopathological description over the past decade. It also describes diagnostic and therapeutic strategies applicable to cardiorenal syndrome, summarizes cardiac-kidney interactions in special populations such as patients with diabetes mellitus and kidney transplant recipients, and emphasizes the role of palliative care in patients with cardiorenal syndrome. Finally, it outlines the need for a cardiorenal education track that will guide future cardiorenal trials and integrate the clinical and research needs of this important field in the future.
Comparison of Al<i> <sub>x</sub> </i>Ga<sub>1−<i>x</i> </sub>N multiple quantum wells designed for 265 and 285 nm deep-ultraviolet LEDs grown on AlN templates having macrosteps (2019)

AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) targeting 265 and 285 nm deep-ultraviolet LEDs grown on AlN templates with macrosteps were compared. In the cathodoluminescence images of the 285 nm MQW, high-intensity zones were observed along the edgelines of the macrosteps with wavelengths of 290–296 nm and on the terraces with wavelengths of 286–288 nm. Dark spots related to threading dislocations were seen in the entire 285 nm MQW. For 265 nm, high-intensity zones were limited along the edgelines and dark spots showed a low-contrast, which is likely to be caused by nonradiative recombination centers due to point defects.
Process optimization for the sputter deposition of molybdenum thin films as electrode for AlN thin films (2006)

Molybdenum thin films have been deposited on Ti/(100) Si substrates by dc sputtering. For process optimization, a design of experiments method was used with three input factors (target power, substrate temperature, and process gas flow). Deposition rate, resistivity, roughness, diffraction angle, and rocking curve width were analyzed as output responses using statistical analysis method. Subsequently, a process allowing the deposition of highly crystalline, smooth, and low resistivity Mo film was selected and tested against film thickness. The as-optimized sputtered molybdenum thin film was used as seeding electrode for the growth of highly c-axis textured AlN film by dc pulsed reactive sputtering.
Simplified EM channel estimation in LTE systems (2011)

In this paper, an iterative channel estimation algorithm is considered in LTE systems. A simplified expectation maximization (EM) based algorithm is proposed for channel estimation in the frequency do main. In order to deal with "null" sub-carriers in the guard band and make the algorithm simpler, the truncated singular value decomposition method is integrated to EM (TSVD-EM). Together with a simple linear interpolation in time domain, channel estimates are obtained in an iterative way with low complexity. The mean square error of the proposed algorithm is also analyzed, and, based on this analysis, an additional constant variance is proposed to be used in the detection process. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation and detection methods have very close performance to the perfect case.
Power considerations for cable telephony networks (2002)

There has been renewed interest in providing data and telephony services over the hybrid-coaxial network used to provide cable television services. We provide a summary of the current status of these efforts and the implications for powering such networks. In particular, changes in powering needed to provide primary-line cable telephony services are discussed.
Attractor crowding in Josephson junction arrays (1990)

Large arrays of coupled nonlinear oscillators can suffer a noise sensitivity due to competition between huge numbers of coexisting states. We have found direct numerical evidence that a Josephson junction series array can exhibit attractor crowding. Thus, for the parameter values considered, no matter how small the noise level, there is a limit to the size of the array beyond which noise corrupts the in-phase dynamical state.
Review on Cell Mechanics: Experimental and Modeling Approaches (2013)

The interplay between the mechanical properties of cells and the forces that they produce internally or that are externally applied to them play an important role in maintaining the normal function of cells. These forces also have a significant effect on the progression of mechanically related diseases. To study the mechanics of cells, a wide variety of tools have been adapted from the physical sciences. These tools have helped to elucidate the mechanical properties of cells, the nature of cellular forces, and mechanoresponses that cells have to external forces, i.e., mechanotransduction. Information gained from these studies has been utilized in computational models that address cell mechanics as a collection of biomechanical and biochemical processes. These models have been advantageous in explaining experimental observations by providing a framework of underlying cellular mechanisms. They have also enabled predictive, in silico studies, which would otherwise be difficult or impossible to perform with current experimental approaches. In this review, we discuss these novel, experimental approaches and accompanying computational models. We also outline future directions to advance the field of cell mechanics. In particular, we devote our attention to the use of microposts for experiments with cells and a bio-chemical-mechanical model for capturing their unique mechanobiological properties.