gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving End-of-Turn Detection in Spoken Dialogues by Detecting Speaker Intentions as a Secondary Task (2018)

This work focuses on the use of acoustic cues for modeling turn-taking in dyadic spoken dialogues. Previous work has shown that speaker intentions (e.g., asking a question, uttering a backchannel, etc.) can influence turn-taking behavior and are good predictors of turn-transitions in spoken dialogues. However, speaker intentions are not readily available for use by automated systems at run-time; making it difficult to use this information to anticipate a turn-transition. To this end, we propose a multi-task neural approach for predicting turn-transitions and speaker intentions simultaneously. Our results show that adding the auxiliary task of speaker intention prediction improves the performance of turn-transition prediction in spoken dialogues, without relying on additional input features during run-time.
Vertical-cavity saturable-absorber intensity modulator (2003)

We propose and demonstrate a reflection-type optical modulator, with surface-normal architecture, that exploits the optical saturation of absorption in semiconductor quantum wells. The modulation section of the modulator, which is composed of quantum wells placed within a Fabry-Perot cavity, is optically controlled by an intensity-modulated beam generated by an in-plane laser integrated monolithically on the same wafer and grown in a single epitaxial step. The modulation section and the in-plane laser share the same medium; therefore, efficient coupling between the control beam and the signal beam is achieved. The device was successfully used for active mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser.
Polymorphism of the blood clot lysis enzyme tissue-type plasminogen activator is associated with myocardial infarction; (1995)

Objective: Impaired fibrinolysis has been suggested to be associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene has been described which may be associated with impaired fibrinolysis. We studied the association between this polymorphism and the prevalence of myocardial infarction. Design: A population based case control study. Setting: A district of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants: From the cohort that consisted of 7983 men and women aged 55 years and over, we selected 162 subjects with a documented history of myocardial infarction and 258 age matched control subjects without arterial disease. Measurements: All subjects were typed for the Alu sequence insertion/deletion polymorphism located in intron h of the t-PA gene. Results: Allele frequencies were 0.54 for the insertion allele and 0.46 for the deletion allele, and were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Homozygosity for the insertion (n=138) was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction compared to homozygosity (n=75) for the deletion: relative risk 2.0(95% CI 1.1, 3.6). Conclusion: These findings suggest an association of the insertion allele of the t-PA gene with the occurrence of myocardial infarction. The I/D polymorphism seems to be a linkage marker for an unknown mutation at, or near, the tPA gene. The insertion allele may reflect an impaired capacity of the fibrinolytic system to respond adequately to acute coronary thrombosis. © Pearson Professional Ltd 1996.
Detection and imaging of electric conductivity and permittivity at low frequency (1991)

This paper is concerned with low frequency electrical impedance imaging, which is the process of constructing images of the electrical impedance of a body's interior based upon measurements of voltage and current made at the body's surface. The electrical impedance accounts for both resistivity and permittivity. This paper shows how permittivity can be exploited to improve the performance of an electrical impedance imaging system. We show that explicit use of the independent information in the data due to the permittivity will ehance a system's ability to distinguish objects in the interior of a body. In addition, we report the results of experiments performed using the Rensselaer ACT 2 system on a saline bath containing various objects. These objects include both living tissue and metal conductors with oxide layers. We demonstrate the system's ability to distinguish these objects, and we exhibit gray scale images of both their resistivity and permittivity distributions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Microbial Chemistry. Part 20. Synthesis of Trichostatin A, a Potent Differentiation Inducer of Friend Leukemic Cells, and Its Antipode. (1989)

Abstract The ester (R)‐(I), a chiral building block of microbial origin, is used as starting material in the synthesis of natural trichostatic acid (R)‐(IX) and natural trichostatin (R)‐(XI).
Fine-grained scalability for H.264/AVC (2006)

An algorithm for fine-grained scalability (FGS) in H.264/AVC is presented. This algorithm is included in Working Draft 2 of the H.264/AVC scalable extension. Encoding block coefficients in a cyclical manner places “higher-value” bits earlier in the bit stream. If the bit stream is truncated, higher-value bits are therefore more likely to be retained. By arranging the bit stream in such a manner, a PSNR gain of up to 0.5 dB can be achieved versus non-cyclical coding, depending upon the sequence and bit stream truncation point.
Parallel real-time garbage collection of multiple heaps in reconfigurable hardware (2014)

Despite rapid increases in memory capacity, reconfigurable hardware is still programmed in a very low-level manner, generally without any dynamic allocation at all. This limits productivity especially as the larger chips encourage more and more complex designs to be attempted. Prior work has shown that it is possible to implement a real-time collector in hardware and achieve stall-free operation --- but at the price of severe restrictions on object layouts. We present the first hardware garbage collector capable of collecting multiple inter-connected heaps, thereby allowing a rich set of object types. We show that for a modest additional cost in logic and memory, we can support multiple heaps at a clock frequency competitive with monolithic, fixed-layout heaps. We evaluate the hardware design by synthesizing it for a Xilinx FPGA and using co-simulation to measure the run-time behavior over a set of four benchmarks. Even at high allocation and mutation rates the collector is able to sustain stall-free (100% minimum mutator utilization) operation with up to 4 inter-connected heaps, while only requiring between 1.1 and 1.7 times the maximum live memory of the application.
Sequential Batch Anaerobic Composting of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (1992)

When kept free of toxic components, the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) may be decomposed by aerobic or anaerobic composting and the residues either disposed of by land application or marketed as compost. Anaerobic composting is more economic because it effects similar conversion, does not require mixing or aeration, and produces the valuable energy product methane. This paper describes technical performance and systems analysis of a novel sequential batch anaerobic composting (SEBAC) process for treatment of high solids wastes that employs leachate management to provide organisms, moisture, and nutrients required for rapid conversion of MSW and removal of inhibitory fermentation products during start-up. The results of 19 trials with this system operated at 55°C and total residence times of 21 or 42 days exhibited about 50% conversion of organic matter with a methane yield of 0.2 m3 kg−1 volatile solids. The process was reliable and stable. A systems analysis showed that tipping fees employing this process were in the $30 per ton range and that economics were highly sensitive to biodegradability of feedstock and residue use options; they were relatively insensitive to process kinetics and leachate recycle rate. This process can be applied to in-vessel or controlled landfill designs.
An ethylene-induced cDNA encoding a lipase expressed at the onset of senescence (2000)

A cDNA clone encoding a lipase (lipolytic acyl hydrolase) expressed at the onset of petal senescence has been isolated by screening a cDNA expression library prepared from carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus). The cDNA contains the lipase consensus sequence, ITFAGHSLGA, and encodes a 447-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 50.2 kDa that appears to be a cytosolic protein. Over-expression of the clone in Escherichia coli yielded a protein of the expected molecular weight that proved capable of deesterifying fatty acids from p-nitrophenylpalmitate, tri-linolein, soybean phospholipid, and Tween in both in vitro and in situ assays of enzyme activity. The abundance of the lipase mRNA increases just as carnation flowers begin to senesce, and expression of the gene is also induced by treatment with ethylene. Southern blot analyses of carnation genomic DNA have indicated that the lipase is a single copy gene. The lipase gene is also expressed in carnation leaves and is up-regulated when the leaves are treated with ethylene. Deesterification of membrane lipids and ensuing loss of membrane structural integrity are well established early events of plant senescence, and the expression pattern of this lipase gene together with the lipolytic activity of its cognate protein indicate that it plays a fundamentally central role in mediating the onset of senescence.
Arrays of Janus-Type Magnetoelectric Nanowires for Passive Magnetic Field Sensing (2018)

The increasing ubiquity of sensors in IoT devices and consumer electronics demands the development of high performance, low power sensors, which can be integrated on chip with existing semiconductor technology. Magnetoelectrics, materials in which an applied magnetic field induces an electrical polarization, could offer passive magnetic field sensing capability using minimal power. Here, novel magnetoelectric nanowire arrays are fabricated which produce magnetoelectric coefficients 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than their thin film analogs are presented with 1910±100 mV cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> Oe <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and 2241 ±528mV cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> Oe <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> observed at 1 kHz in barium titanate-cobalt ferrite and lead zirconate titanate-nickel zinc ferrite, respectively. Magnetoelectric nanowires are fabricated with a Janus, morphology where a magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phase couple along the longitudinal axis of the nanowire are fabricated via sol gel electrospinning combined with a controlled calcination process. Nanowire arrays are formed using dielectrophoresis. Magnetoelectric and magnetic field sensitivity results from arrays formed from both barium titanate and cobalt ferrite and lead zirconate titanate and nickel zinc ferrite are presented.
Advanced bandages for diabetic wound healing (2021)

Current treatment options for foot ulcers, a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes, remain nonspecific. In this Perspective, we present recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of diabetic wound healing and the emergence of previously unidentified targets. We discuss wound dressings tailored to the diabetic wound environment currently under development.
Compact tunable kHz-linewidth semiconductor laser stabilized with a whispering-gallery mode microresonator (2011)

We report on the realization of a compact-package (44x27x14mm) narrow linewidth laser based on self-injection locking of a distributed feedback semiconductor diode laser to a high-Q whispering gallery mode resonator fabricated with electro-optic material. The packaged device operates at 1,550 nm and offers instantaneous spectral linewidth performance smaller than 1.8 kHz for 3 mW of output power. We are able to tune the laser frequency by applying voltage to the resonator. This suggest that the technology enables fabrication of ultra narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers in a broad wavelength range of 390 nm to 2,900 nm. The laser source in a compact footprint enables a multitude of sensing, monitoring, and metrology applications where high resolution and precision and absolute accuracy are required.
Development of New Deoxycytidine Kinase Inhibitors and Noninvasive in Vivo Evaluation Using Positron Emission Tomography (2013)

Combined inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) in multiple cancer cell lines depletes deoxycytidine triphosphate pools leading to DNA replication stress, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Evidence implicating dCK in cancer cell proliferation and survival stimulated our interest in developing small molecule dCK inhibitors. Following a high throughput screen of a diverse chemical library, a structure-activity relationship study was carried out. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using (18)F-L-1-(2'-deoxy-2'-FluoroArabinofuranosyl) Cytosine ((18)F-L-FAC), a dCK-specific substrate, was used to rapidly rank lead compounds based on their ability to inhibit dCK activity in vivo. Evaluation of a subset of the most potent compounds in cell culture (IC50 = ∼1-12 nM) using the (18)F-L-FAC PET pharmacodynamic assay identified compounds demonstrating superior in vivo efficacy.
Antithrombotic properties of Ixolaris, a potent inhibitor of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade (2006)

Ixolaris is a two-Kunitz tick salivary gland protein identified in Ixodes scapularis that presents extensive sequence homology to TFPI. It binds to FXa or FX as scaffolds and inhibits tissue factor/FVIIa complex (extrinsic Xnase). Differently from TFPI, ixolaris does not bind to the active site cleft of FXa. Instead, complex formation is mediated by the FXa heparin-binding exosite, which may also results in decreased FXa activity into the prothrombinase complex. In this report, we show that recombinant (125)I-ixolaris interacts with rat and human FX in plasma and prolongs the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in vitro. We have also investigated the effects of ixolaris in vivo, using a venous thrombosis model. Subcutaneous (s.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration of ixolaris in rats caused a dose-dependent reduction in thrombus formation, with complete inhibition attained at 20 microg/kg and 10 microg/kg, respectively. Antithrombotic effects were observed 3 h after s.c. administration of ixolaris and lasted for 24 h thereafter. Ex vivo experiments showed that ixolaris (up to 100 microg/kg) did not affect the aPTT, while the PT was increased by approximately 0.4-fold at the highest ixolaris concentration. Remarkably, effective antithrombotic doses of ixolaris (20 microg/kg) was not associated with bleeding which was significant only at higher doses of the anticoagulant (40 microg/kg). Our experiments demonstrate that ixolaris is an effective and possibly safe antithrombotic agent in vivo.
Impact of pattern reconfigurable antennas on Interference Alignment over measured channels (2012)

In recent years, it has been shown that concentrating interference and desired signal into separate spaces using Interference Alignment (IA), can achieve the outer bound of the degrees of freedom for the interference channel. However, the non-orthogonality of signal and interference space limits sum capacity performance. In this paper, we present the notion that by using reconfigurable antenna based pattern diversity, the optimal channel can be realized in order to maximize the distance between the two subspaces, thereby increasing sum capacity. We experimentally validate our claim and show the benefits of pattern reconfigurability using real world channels, measured in a MIMO-OFDM interference network. We quantify the results with two different reconfigurable antenna architectures. We show that an additional 47% gain in chordal distance and 45% gain in sum capacity were achieved by exploiting pattern diversity with IA. We further show that due to optimal channel selection, the performance of IA can also be improved in a low SNR regime.
Alisamycin, a new antibiotic of the manumycin group. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation and biological activity. (1991)

Alisamycin is a new member of the manumycin group of antibiotics produced by Streptomyces sp. HIL Y-88,31582, which taxonomically appears to be Streptomyces actuosus. Alisamycin is active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and has a weak antitumour activity.
Structural Determination and Odor Characterization of <i>N</i>-(2-Mercaptoethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine, a New Intense Popcorn-like-Smelling Odorant (2002)

The chemical structure of a novel, roasty, popcorn-like-smelling aroma compound formed from the reaction of fructose with cysteamine was studied by high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The structure of N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine exhibiting the extremely low odor threshold of 0.005 ng/L in air was finally confirmed by synthesis.
Superconducting modulators for high dynamic range delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (1999)

Superconducting digital circuits are capable of producing high dynamic range analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We present sigma-delta architectures using large (>100) oversampling ratios to give signal-to-noise ratios of greater than 100 dB in simulation. Three distinct designs, using two distinct mechanisms for feedback, are presented. All of the designs use only shunted junctions, and are therefore compatible with HTS SNS junctions. Simulations are presented for a modulator which creates feedback pulses by SQUID lobe-crossings, a modulator which uses the transresistance of a SQUID for feedback, and a modulator which uses threshold crossings in both the first and second loops for feedback.
The first potent diphenyl phosphonate KLK4 inhibitors with unexpected binding kinetics (2015)

We report the first highly potent and selective small-molecule KLK4 inhibitors, showing surprising reversible binding kinetics.
A Practical Approach to the Automatic Classification of Security-Relevant Commits (2018)

The lack of reliable sources of detailed information on the vulnerabilities of open-source software (OSS) components is a major obstacle to maintaining a secure software supply chain and an effective vulnerability management process. Standard sources of advisories and vulnerability data, such as the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), are known to suffer from poor coverage and inconsistent quality. To reduce our dependency on these sources, we propose an approach that uses machine-learning to analyze source code repositories and to automatically identify commits that are security-relevant (i.e., that are likely to fix a vulnerability). We treat the source code changes introduced by commits as documents written in natural language, classifying them using standard document classification methods. Combining independent classifiers that use information from different facets of commits, our method can yield high precision (80%) while ensuring acceptable recall (43%). In particular, the use of information extracted from the source code changes yields a substantial improvement over the best known approach in state of the art, while requiring a significantly smaller amount of training data and employing a simpler architecture.
Heat Extraction Through The Palm Of One Hand Improves Aerobic Exercise Endurance And Conditioning In A Hot Environment (2005)

Excessive increases in body temperatures can adversely affect physical performance. Tolerable body temperatures are maintained by matching heat production and heat loss. Increases in internal heat production are inherent to physical activity and, unless accompanied by an equivalent increase in heat loss, body temperatures will rise. When it is necessary to perform physical activity in situations where heat dissipation is limited (e.g., while wearing excessive insulation layers or exposure to excessively hot environments), any means of facilitating heat transfer from the body should enhance performance capacity. We had previously developed a methodology for enhancing heat transfer across the skin surface of the hand. The methodology consisted of a chamber that enclosed one hand with the palm of the hand resting on a metal heat exchange surface. A soft seal around the wrist made it possible to draw a slight subatmospheric pressure (about –40mm Hg) in the chamber. Coolant water circulated through the heat exchanger. The concept of the device function is that the subatmospheric pressure increases the filling of the venous plexus underlying the palmar skin and thereby increases the ability to extract heat from that skin surface. PURPOSE to determine to what extent the use of the novel heat transfer methodology could increase aerobic exercise endurance in a hot environment. The efficacy of the device for promoting return of core temperature towards normal following exhaustive exercise in a hot environment was also tested. METHODS Subjects engaged in aerobic exercise in a 40 °C room by walking on a treadmill at 5.63 Km/h. The treadmill slope was elevated to increase work load. The metric for exercise endurance was the time to reach 90% of estimated age-specific maximum heart rate. Initial work loads were adjusted so that subjects would reach the heart rate criterion in 25 to 45 minutes. RESULTS Using the device increased the duration of exercise at this work load by 43%. Using the device without the subatmospheric pressure had no little effect on endurance. In a second study, workload was gradually increased and as work load increased, the device had a decreasing effect on extending endurance time. Recovery, as determined by core temperature parameters, was enhanced with use of the device. CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of heat loss through the heat exchange vascular structures of a single appendage can positively affect both physical performance capacity and post-exertion recovery in situations where natural heat loss is compromised.
Analysis of 3-D magnetic fields measured using a magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope (1994)

The deflections of the probe tip of a magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope are calculated for 3-D magnetic fields. The magnetic fields are calculated for a thin film whose magnetization is uniform through the thickness of the film and can be expressed by Fourier series in the other two dimensions. The deflections are calculated from the energy of interaction between the probe and the 3-D fields. The magnetization is modeled for recorded patterns with arctan transitions. Experimental data can be compared to the theory using the transition lengths as adjustable parameters. The magnetic fields can be determined at all points: along, across, and between the recorded tracks. An example is given for data on guard bands of a recorded track.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>