gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated estimation of vehicle states, tire forces, and tire-road friction coefficients (2014)

Information about the vehicle states (e.g. the sideslip angle and the longitudinal velocity), tire forces, and tire-road friction coefficients is crucial for advanced vehicular active safety systems. In particular, the latest high-performance control system based on optimally distributing and controlling all tire forces requires feedback of the tire forces and the tire-road friction coefficient of each individual tire. Therefore, estimating all or parts of the vehicle/tire/road states from available sensor measurements in production vehicles has long been an active research topic in both academia and industry. Despite recent advances in automotive estimation technologies, it remains an open question on identifying the tire-road friction coefficient of each individual tire. This paper proposes an integrated estimation system that provides accurate estimates of the vehicle/tire/road states from available sensor measurements. More importantly, the tire-road friction coefficient of each tire can be separately estimated. The performance of the proposed estimation system is verified by simulations based on a complex nonlinear vehicle/ tire model.
Use of a sensitive bioimmunoabsorbent assay to isolate and characterize monoclonal antibodies to biologically active human erythropoietin (1988)

At present, one of the most sensitive assays for human erythropoietin (Ep) is a bioassay that measures the Ep-dependent proliferation of spleen cells from phenylhydrazine-treated mice after 24 hours in culture. We describe how this assay can be used as the basis of a very sensitive method for detecting mouse antibodies to biologically active human Ep. In this procedure, microtiter wells are first coated with goat anti-mouse Ig antibody, then treated with mouse antibodies (serum or hybridoma culture supernatants), and finally incubated with a fixed amount of pure human Ep. Specific binding of anti-Ep antibodies is detected by adding spleen cells from phenylhydrazine-treated mice to the wells and measuring the ability of the cells to incorporate 3H-thymidine 24 hours later. This bioimmunosorbent assay (BISA) revealed the presence of anti-EP antibodies in sera from mice immunized with either pure human urinary Ep or a synthetic dodecapeptide corresponding to the aminoterminal region of Ep and in the culture supernatants from three of eight stable anti-Ep antibody-producing hybridoma cell lines that we have isolated. The three monoclonal antibodies showed similar reactivities in the BISA, but showed different affinities for Ep, with Kd values of approximately 0.7, 8, and 240 nmol/L, respectively. Further studies showed that all antibodies were capable of neutralizing Ep bioactivity and of binding 125I-labeled Ep in a radioimmunosorbent assay (RIA) but were virtually unreactive to Ep adsorbed to the bottom of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) wells. Our results suggest that the BISA strategy may be an important complement to conventional RIA and ELISA techniques for identification of monoclonal antibodies specific for biologically active growth factors.
VisualEchoes: Spatial Image Representation Learning through Echolocation (2020)

Several animal species (e.g., bats, dolphins, and whales) and even visually impaired humans have the remarkable ability to perform echolocation: a biological sonar used to perceive spatial layout and locate objects in the world. We explore the spatial cues contained in echoes and how they can benefit vision tasks that require spatial reasoning. First we capture echo responses in photo-realistic 3D indoor scene environments. Then we propose a novel interaction-based representation learning framework that learns useful visual features via echolocation. We show that the learned image features are useful for multiple downstream vision tasks requiring spatial reasoning---monocular depth estimation, surface normal estimation, and visual navigation---with results comparable or even better than heavily supervised pre-training. Our work opens a new path for representation learning for embodied agents, where supervision comes from interacting with the physical world.
Online Learning for Personalized Room-Level Thermal Control (2013)

We consider the problem of automatically learning the optimal thermal control in a room in order to maximize the expected average satisfaction among occupants providing stochastic feedback on their comfort through a participatory sensing application. Not assuming any prior knowledge or modeling of user comfort, we first apply the classic UCB1 online learning policy for multi-armed bandits (MAB), that combines exploration (testing out certain temperatures to understand better the user preferences) with exploitation (spending more time setting temperatures that maximize average-satisfaction) for the case when the total occupancy is constant. When occupancy is time-varying, the number of possible scenarios (i.e., which particular set of occupants are present in the room) becomes exponentially large, posing a combinatorial challenge. However, we show that LLR, a recently-developed combinatorial MAB online learning algorithm that requires recording and computation of only a polynomial number of quantities can be applied to this setting, yielding a regret (cumulative gap in average satisfaction with respect to a distribution aware genie) that grows only polynomially in the number of users, and logarithmically with time. This in turn indicates that difference in unit-time satisfaction obtained by the learning policy compared to the optimal tends to 0. We quantify the performance of these online learning algorithms using real data collected from users of a participatory sensing iPhone app in a multi-occupancy room in an office building in Southern California.
Benefits Outweigh Costs in Universal Healthcare: Business Case for Reimbursement of Take-home Cancer Medicines in Ontario and Atlantic Canada (2014)

Cancer has the fastest growing prevalence of any non-communicable disease in Canada. Oral and other take-home cancer drugs have been a major game-changer allowing cancer patients to live longer while staying at home without the stressful ordeal of IV chemotherapy. The Canada Health Act only provides for government reimbursement for IV cancer drugs administered in a hospital or cancer centre. In Ontario and Atlantic Canada, patients must personally pay some or all of the cost of medications that are taken at home, even if they are considered the standard of care as part of internationally accepted treatment protocols. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for Ontario on the pool of 9,588 financially vulnerable new cancer patients assuming different levels of oral drug penetration and different drug costs. The last dollar scenario, where the Province steps in after private insurance has paid its share, for a year's worth of oral cancer drugs for new cancer cases would produce a budget impact of $28 million. For first-dollar coverage the budget impact would be $58.5 million. On an on-going, annualized, first-dollar basis, covering all cancer cases, full coverage would yield a budgetary impact of $93.8 million. Universal funding of oral cancer drugs will save the healthcare system money overall; provide better, more meaningful data; provide better quality of life for cancer patients; provide better purchaser negotiating positions for the procurement of novel prescription pharmaceuticals; and, provide quicker access for patients to life-saving therapy with better outcomes.
Optimization of the order and spacing of sequences in an MRI exam to reduce the maximum temperature and thermal dose (2018)

It is possible to reduce maximum temperature and thermal dose in the exam by changing the arrangement and spacing of the sequences without increasing the duration of the exam (by increasing TR or adding delays) or compromising image quality (by reducing flip angles).
Synthesis of Combline and Capacitively Loaded Interdigital Bandpass Filters of Arbitrary Bandwidth (1971)

Synthesis procedures are presented for commensurate linelength combline and capacitively loaded interdigital filters. A simple modification for using lumped capacitors is given and is found to yield excellent results for any practical bandwidth. The synthesis procedures for both filter types follow directly from the classical bandpass filter design approach using a transformed frequency variable. Two design examples are given to illustrate the design procedures and experimental results are presented for a 40 percent bandwidth combline filter. The problems of network sensitivity, use of network equivalents, and extension to other filter types are also discussed.
Integrated Biological-Semiconductor Devices (2005)

The advent of semiconductor devices with nanoscale dimensions creates the potential to integrate nanoelectronics and optoelectronic devices with a great variety of biological systems. Moreover, the advances in nanotechnology are opening the way to achieving direct electrical contact of nanoelectronic structures with electrically and electrochemically active subcellular structures-including ion channels, receptors, and transmembrane proteins such as bacteriorhodopsin. Direct electrical interfacing at the biomolecular level opens the possibility of monitoring and controlling critical biological functions and processes in unprecedented ways, and portends a vast array of possibilities such as new classes of prosthetic devices, medical monitoring devices, medical delivery systems, and patient monitoring systems, as well as other applications. This article describes the salient properties of relevant biological structures and nanostructures. Advances in integrating man-made nanostructures with biological structures, including biomolecules, are described as well as the properties,characteristics, and functions of integrated nanoelectronic-biological structures. Future directions based on these prototype systems are highlighted.
Orally Administrable Therapeutic Synthetic Nanoparticle for Zika Virus (2019)

The spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the USA and various countries in the last three years will not only have a direct impact on the U.S. health care system but has caused international concerns as well. The ultimate impact of ZIKV infection remains to be understood. Currently, there are no therapeutic or vaccine options available to protect those infected by ZIKV. The drug ivermectin (IVM) was found to be a viable agent for the prevention of transmission of ZIKV. Ivermectin is unstable in the presence of water and does not remain in adequate concentration in the human bloodstream to be effective in treatment for ZIKV. Biodegradable nanoparticles would aid in the delivery of ivermectin by providing a high enough concentration of drug and ensuring the drug is gradually released to maintain an appropriate level in the body. The overall goal of this study was to develop and optimize an orally administrable nanoformulation of IVM which can circulate in the blood for a long period for efficient delivery. To achieve the goal, we synthesized and optimized a synthetic nanoformulation of IVM for oral use which can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to enter the bloodstream. Our studies documented that when delivered with the synthetic nanoparticle (NP), IVM can be accumulated in the blood at a higher concentration and preliminary studies highlighted that NP delivered IVM has the ability to target nonstructural 1 protein of ZIKV. For potential clinical relevance, long-term storable formulation of IVM-nanoparticle in dry powder state for inclusion in a capsule form and cryoprotectant containing frozen forms revealed promising findings. Further, our preliminary in vitro studies documented that ivermectin crosses the placental barrier, thus making it unsafe for the pregnant ZIKV population, whereas the ivermectin-loaded nanoparticle did not show any significant placental barrier crossing, thus indicating its potential suitability for such population. We envision that this work will fill a great unmet need by developing safer and more effective therapies for the treatment of viral infections, including ZIKV.
Hypothalamic Growth Hormone Secretagogue-Receptor (GHS-R) Expression Is Regulated by Growth Hormone in the Rat (1997)

Synthetic GH secretagogues (GHSs) act via a receptor (GHS-R) distinct from that for GH-releasing hormone (GHRH). We have studied the hypothalamic expression and regulation of this receptor by in situ hybridization using a homologous riboprobe for rat GHS-R. GHS-R mRNA is prominently expressed in arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial nuclei (VMN) and in hippocampus, but not in the periventricular nucleus. Little or no specific hybridization could be observed in the pituitary under the conditions that gave strong signals in the hypothalamus. No sex difference in GHS-R expression was found in ARC or hippocampus, though expression in VMN was lower in males than in females. Compared with GHRH and neuropeptide Y (NPY), GHS-R was expressed in a distinct region of ventral ARC, and in regions of VMN not expressing GHRH or NPY. GHS-R expression was highly sensitive to GH, being markedly increased in GH-deficient dw/dw dwarf rats, and decreased in dw/dw rats treated with bovine GH (200 microg/day) for 6 days. Similar changes were observed in GHRH expression, whereas NPY expression was reduced in dw/dw rats and increased by bGH treatment. Continuous sc infusion of GHRP-6 in normal female rats did not alter ARC or VMN GHS-R expression. Our data implicate ARC and VMN cells as major hypothalamic targets for direct GHS action. The sensitivity of ARC GHS-R expression to modulation by GH suggests that GHS-Rs may be involved in feedback regulation of GH.
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene Expression during Human Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Is Independent of NF-κB Activation (1999)

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) gene expression in cytokine-activated cells depends on two kappaB elements. Since VCAM-1 expression appears developmentally regulated and cytokine-inducible in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), we have studied the role of NF-kappaB in differentiated SMC VCAM-1 expression. Confluent SMCs were cultured either in a serum-free medium in order to induce differentiation, or in medium with serum, stimulated or not by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, a SMC marker, and VCAM-1 was induced concomitantly in serum-free medium, whereas only VCAM-1 expression was induced by cytokine-treatment. We showed that the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB were localized in the cytoplasm of differentiating SMCs, whereas they were translocated into the nucleus of TNF-alpha-activated SMCs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with VCAM-1 gene kappaB elements failed to detect any induction of DNA-protein complex with nuclear extracts of differentiating SMCs in contrast to the cytokine-activated SMC nuclear extracts. Furthermore, VCAM-1 mRNA induction was inhibited in TNF-alpha-stimulated SMCs, but not in differentiating SMCs, by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB protein activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that in contrast to TNF-alpha activation, NF-kappaB is not involved in VCAM-1 gene expression during SMC differentiation.
Blue-fluorescence of NADPH as an indicator of marine primary production (2004)

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) is the primary product of photosynthesis<br/>and can therefore serve as an indicator of biomass and photosynthetic activity. Pure NADPH which<br/>is the reduced form of NADP shows an absorption maximum at 340 nm and a maximum of emission<br/>at 460 nm. NADPH concentrations in terrestrial vegetation have already been studied since<br/>1957 in great detail with optical methods. However, its potential as a biomass parameter of oceanic<br/>phytoplankton which can be assessed in situ and remotely with fluorescence spectroscopy has not<br/>yet been investigated.<br/>In this paper, we report on laboratory investigations of the blue-fluorescence spectrum in algal<br/>suspensions of Chlorella and Thalassiosira when excited with UV-A light. It is shown that cell densities<br/>of about 106 per litre as they are typically found under natural conditions are too low for precise<br/>detection of NADPH fluorescence, while concentrated samples with 108-1010 cells per litre exhibit<br/>significant blue-fluorescence which can be related to NADPH. Inhibition of photosynthetic activity<br/>by addition of DCMU decreases the strength of blue-fluorescence remarkably. Since NADPH<br/>is an end product of photosynthesis, changes of PAR illumination levels should directly affect its<br/>concentration and hence the intensity of blue-fluorescence. However, no effect of illumination on<br/>blue-fluorescence could be observed in our study. Possible reasons of these observations are discussed,<br/>and perspectives for practical applications of the method used are proposed.
Timed Petri net representation of the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) of XML (2004)

A multimedia server needs to satisfy the temporal ordering of multimedia data streams when servicing a client. Multimedia data has high bandwidth requirements, and within a network a server may need to service many clients at the same time. During a presentation a client may have to wait indefinitely before receiving the next multimedia data stream. This happens because client requests are queued by a server before they can be serviced. This results in a loss of synchronization between the different multimedia objects required by a client for its presentation. In this paper we propose a technique by which clients in advance can submit to the server information of all the required multimedia objects and their temporal relationships for presentation. The technique uses an enhanced timed Petri net (TPN) to capture information of multimedia objects along with their timing and synchronization specified in the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL). We display a graphical representation of the temporal and synchronization information captured by the data structure representing the timed Petri net. This information can be used by a multimedia server to schedule and optimize the delivery of multimedia data streams.
Research of the Real-time Drawing System Based on 3D Movement Tracker (2011)

The 3D model technology of virtual plant has been widely used in agricultural research fields. However, in most cases, the process of achieving the coordinate information of the plant and building the 3D model of the plant is done separately, so the error could not be analyzed directly. The purpose of this paper is to utilize VC++ and OpenGL to build up a real-time drawing system based on 3D movement tracker—Polhemus Fastrak. Using the method of combining programming of Microsoft Basic Class(MFC) and OpenGL to create drawing window and connect Polhemus Fastrak, the real-time drawing system has been made. The visible modes of the dynamic drawing system and the error through comparing the appearance and area of the images to the physical objects have been discussed. Taking square, circle, triangle and real plant leaves as test examples, the area errors are less than 10%, and the average error is about 4.9%, which improve that the drawing system is feasible.
Long-term Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice: Protracted Hypersomnolence with Oxidative Injury to Sleep-Wake Brain Regions (2004)

Exposure to LTIH results in an array of significant oxidative injuries in sleep-wake regions of the brain, and these biochemical changes are associated with marked hypersomnolence and increased susceptibility to short-term sleep loss. The residual forebrain redox alterations in wake-promoting brain regions may contribute to persistent sleepiness in a prevalent disorder, obstructive sleep apnea.
Analog implementation for networks of integrate-and-fire neurons with adaptive local connectivity (2003)

An analog VLSI implementation for pulse coupled neural networks of leakage free integrate-and-fire neurons with adaptive connections is presented. Weight adaptation is based on existing adaptation rules for image segmentation. Although both integrate-and-fire neurons and adaptive weights can be implementation only approximately, simulations have shown, that synchronization properties of the original adaptation rules are preserved.
Two-point ray tracing in 3D heterogeneous block structures (1996)

The shooting method is based on iterative application of an initial-value ray tracing algorithm. The presented versions of the shooting algorithm have been proposed for two-point ray tracing in considerably general 3-D models of heterogeneous geological structures. In each computation, only the rays of a single elementary wave, i.e. the rays whose behaviour at structural interfaces is prescribed by a priori information called the ray code, are considered.
Nanoscale LiFePO[sub 4] and Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] for High Rate Li-Ion Batteries (2009)

The electrochemical performances of nanoscale and materials are described in this paper. The nanomaterials were synthesized by pyrolysis of an aerosol precursor. Both compositions required moderate heat-treatment to become electrochemically active. nanoparticles were coated with a uniform, 2–4 nm thick carbon coating using an organic precursor in the heat-treatment step and showed a high tap density of despite the 50–100 nm particle size and 2.9 wt % carbon content. nanoparticles were between 50 and 200 nm and showed a tap density of . The nanomaterials were tested both in half-cell configurations against Li metal and in full cells. Nano- showed a high discharge rate capability with values of 150 and 138 mAh/g at C/25 and 5C, respectively, after constant C/25 charges. Nano- also showed a high charge capability with values of 148 and 138 mAh/g at C/25 and 5C, respectively, after constant C/25 discharges; the discharge (lithiation) capability was comparatively slower. full cells deliver charge/discharge capacity values of 150 and 122 mAh/g at C/5 and 5C, respectively.
Integrin signalling regulates YAP and TAZ to control skin homeostasis (2016)

The skin is a squamous epithelium that is continuously renewed by a population of basal layer stem/progenitor cells and can heal wounds. Here, we show that the transcription regulators YAP and TAZ localise to the nucleus in the basal layer of skin and are elevated upon wound healing. Skin-specific deletion of both YAP and TAZ in adult mice slows proliferation of basal layer cells, leads to hair loss and impairs regeneration after wounding. Contact with the basal extracellular matrix and consequent integrin-Src signalling is a key determinant of the nuclear localisation of YAP/TAZ in basal layer cells and in skin tumours. Contact with the basement membrane is lost in differentiating daughter cells, where YAP and TAZ become mostly cytoplasmic. In other types of squamous epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas, a similar control mechanism is present. By contrast, columnar epithelia differentiate an apical domain that recruits CRB3, Merlin (also known as NF2), KIBRA (also known as WWC1) and SAV1 to induce Hippo signalling and retain YAP/TAZ in the cytoplasm despite contact with the basal layer extracellular matrix. When columnar epithelial tumours lose their apical domain and become invasive, YAP/TAZ becomes nuclear and tumour growth becomes sensitive to the Src inhibitor Dasatinib.
Direct digital-to-RF digital-to-analogue converter using image replica and nonlinearity cancelling architecture (2010)

A parallel architecture for a direct digital-to-RF digital-to-analogue converter (DDRF-DAC) is proposed for digital radio transmitters. Multiple paths of wide-bandwidth DACs are used, each fed with interleaved signal samples and each sampled at interleaved time instants. This results in the cancellation of the first N–1 replica images and the first N–1 nonlinearity spurs, thus allowing for wideband operation.