gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beneficial effects of IL-37 after spinal cord injury in mice (2016)

IL-37, a member of the IL-1 family, broadly reduces innate inflammation as well as acquired immunity. Whether the antiinflammatory properties of IL-37 extend to the central nervous system remains unknown, however. In the present study, we subjected mice transgenic for human IL-37 (hIL-37tg) and wild-type (WT) mice to spinal cord contusion injury and then treated them with recombinant human IL-37 (rIL-37). In the hIL-37tg mice, the expression of IL-37 was barely detectable in the uninjured cords, but was strongly induced at 24 h and 72 h after the spinal cord injury (SCI). Compared with WT mice, hIL-37tg mice exhibited increased myelin and neuronal sparing and protection against locomotor deficits, including 2.5-fold greater speed in a forced treadmill challenge. Reduced levels of cytokines (e.g., an 80% reduction in IL-6) were observed in the injured cords of hIL-37tg mice, along with lower numbers of blood-borne neutrophils, macrophages, and activated microglia. We treated WT mice with a single intraspinal injection of either full-length or processed rIL-37 after the injury and found that the IL-37-treated mice had significantly enhanced locomotor skills in an open field using the Basso Mouse Scale, as well as supported faster speed on a mechanical treadmill. Treatment with both forms of rIL-37 led to similar beneficial effects on locomotor recovery after SCI. This study presents novel data indicating that IL-37 suppresses inflammation in a clinically relevant model of SCI, and suggests that rIL-37 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute SCI.
Matrix theory of gravitation (2011)

A new classical theory of gravitation within the framework of general relativity is presented. It is based on a matrix formulation of four-dimensional Riemann-spaces and uses no artificial fields or adjustable parameters. The geometrical stress-energy tensor is derived from a matrix-trace Lagrangian, which is not equivalent to the curvature scalar R. To enable a direct comparison with the Einstein-theory a tetrad formalism is utilized, which shows similarities to teleparallel gravitation theories, but uses complex tetrads. Matrix theory might solve a 27-year-old, fundamental problem of those theories (sec. 4.1). For the standard test cases (PPN scheme, Schwarzschild-solution) no differences to the Einstein-theory are found. However, the matrix theory exhibits novel, interesting vacuum solutions.
Iterative reconstruction for multi-source inverse geometry CT: a feasibility study (2007)

In a 3<sup>rd</sup> generation CT system, a single source projects the entire field of view (FOV) onto a large detector opposite to the source. In multi-source inverse geometry CT imaging, a multitude of sources sequentially project complementary parts of the FOV on a much smaller detector. These sources may be distributed in both the trans-axial and axial directions and jointly cover the entire FOV. Multi-source CT has several important advantages, including large axial coverage, improved dose-efficiency, and improved spatial resolution. One of the challenges of this concept is to ensure that no artifacts emerge in the reconstructed images where the sampling switches from one source to the next. This work studies iterative reconstruction for multi-source imaging and focuses on the appearance of such artifacts. For that purpose, phantom data are simulated using a realistic multi-source CT geometry, iteratively reconstructed and inspected for artifact content. More realistic experiments using rebinned clinical datasets (emulating a multi-source CT system) have also been performed. The results confirm the feasibility of artifact-free multi-source CT imaging in both full-scan and half-scan situations.
Shape from texture from a multi-scale perspective (2002)

The problem of scale in shape from texture is addressed. The need for two scale parameters is emphasized: a local scale, for describing the amount of smoothing used for suppressing noise and irrelevant details when computing primitive texture descriptors from image data; and an integration scale, for describing the size of the region in space over which the statistics of the local descriptors is accummulated. The proposed computational model is expressed completely in terms of different invariants defined from Gaussian derivatives at multiple scales in scale-space. The resulting texture description can be combined with various assumptions about surface texture to estimate local surface orientation. Two specific assumptions, weak isotropy and constant area, are explored in more detail. Results from experiments on real and synthetic reference data with known geometry that demonstrate the viability of the approach are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Network reliability enhancement with virtual path strategy (2002)

Techniques for network reliability enhancement using the virtual path strategy are described. The digital path scheme in synchronous transfer mode (STM) networks and the virtual path scheme in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are compared in terms of path management. It is shown how the dynamic network reconfiguration capability is effectively provided with the virtual path scheme. Some virtual path applications for network reliability enhancement are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bathymetric digital elevation model generation from L-band and X-band synthetic aperture radar images in the Gulf of Naples, Italy: innovative techniques and experimental results (2015)

The present Ph.D. Thesis investigates remote sensing bathymetric techniques in coastal area based on the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Since SAR signal is not able to pass sea surface and to reach sea bottom, indirect processes with sea floor morphology sensed through the effects it may have on sea surface are investigated. The conventional bathymetric techniques are briefly analyzed and the main advantages related to the use of remote sensing SAR-based bathymetric techniques highlighted. Proper sea surface modeling is performed and its interaction with SAR is investigated. Two different bathymetric techniques are proposed: the Wave-Based Approach (WBA) and the Current-Based Approach (CBA). Several theories for proper modeling of the involved phenomena and of their retrieval from SAR images are presented and the most promising are identified. An error budget analysis is performed and potential performance, specifications and requirements of the considered bathymetric approaches are described. With specific reference to the area of the Gulf of Naples, Italy, the Wave-Based Approach is selected because of current velocity being too slow or too irregular both in time and in intensity for proper application of the Current-Based Approach. Therefore, a WBA algorithm for sea surface spectrum retrieval from SAR data is proposed. The proposed WBA algorithm is applied on both L-band ALOS PALSAR images and X-band COSMO-SkyMed SAR images covering the area of the Gulf of Naples, Italy. The experimental results and the achieved improvements with respect to the approaches found in the available literature are presented. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of seabed are obtained and a correlation analysis with the retrieved water depth values from the official nautical charts provided by the Italian Navy Hydrographic Institute is performed.
Running Away from Home: Perpetual Transit in Elizabeth Bowen’s Novels (1992)

“Few people questioning me about my novels, or my short stories, show curiosity as to the places in them,” observed Elizabeth Bowen, near the end of her life — and with some astonishment: “Why? Am I not manifestly a writer for whom places loom large?”1 In Bowen’s view, art imitates life; and this seems particularly true to her in the matter of her fictional settings, over which she exercises great deliberation: “Since I started writing, I have been welding together an inner landscape, assembled anything but at random.”2 The author, she says, must create a “recognisable world, geographically consistent and having for [the writer] a super-reality. Lacking that, his or her art would be unconcrete, insulated and unconvincing-most fatal of all! — to the writer himself.”3 Her literary models include nineteenth-century French realists Balzac and Stendhal, and her novels tend to follow a traditional narrative pattern. Yet although she describes her fictional “inner landscape” in great detail, with the aim of making it appear to the reader to be concrete, it often seems tenuous and fragmentary. While she writes consciously within a realist tradition, she has also absorbed from the Modernists a tendency to perceive life and the physical world itself in flux. In Virginia Woolfs novels, time is continually seen to be in flux; Bowen’s fiction appropriates this sense and attaches it most clearly to the aspect of place.
A low complexity motion estimation algorithm for MPEG-2 encoding (1996)

LTS
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Genes to Organ Damage (2010)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease characterized by inappropriate response to self-antigens. Genetic, environmental and hormonal factors are believed to contribute to the development of the disease. We think of SLE pathogenesis as occurring in three phases of variable duration. A series of regulatory failures during the ontogeny of the immune system lead to the emergence of auto-reactive clones and the production of auto-antibodies (phase I). As the immune response to self-antigens broadens, the auto-antibody repertoire is enriched (phase II) and clinical manifestations eventually ensue (phase III). The final result is tissue damage that if not treated will lead to the functional failure of such important organs as the kidney and brain.
Aqueous Ferrofluid of Magnetite Nanoparticles:  Fluorescence Labeling and Magnetophoretic Control (2005)

A method is presented for the preparation of a biocompatible ferrofluid containing dye-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles that can serve as fluorescent markers. This method entails the surface functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles using citric acid to produce a stable aqueous dispersion and the subsequent binding of fluorescent dyes to the surface of the particles. Several ferrofluid samples were prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), BET surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and SQUID magnetometry. In addition, confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to study the response of the fluorescent nanoparticles to an applied magnetic field and their uptake by cells in vitro. Results are presented on the distribution of particle sizes, the fluorescent and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles, and the nature of their surface bonds. Biocompatible ferrofluids with fluorescent nanoparticles enable optical tracking of basic processes at the cellular level combined with magnetophoretic manipulation and should be of substantial value to researchers engaged in both fundamental and applied biomedical research.
Current dilatation and curettage practice: a need for revision. (1985)

A ten-year retrospective review of 1383 diagnostic dilatation and curettages (D&C) was done at a university hospital. It was found that the detection or diagnosis of uterine cancer did not significantly increase until after the age of 50. No significant pathologic findings were detected in 60% or more of the women until the age of 70. Premalignant or other than benign tissue was observed to increase from 4% in the age 29 or less group to a peak of 16% in the age 45 to 49 group. The authors conclude that the current practice of routine D&C for abnormal uterine bleeding provides a low yield of cancer diagnoses, and that the indications for this procedure should be sharply reduced or replaced by simpler methods.
DomainProfiler: Discovering Domain Names Abused in Future (2016)

Cyber attackers abuse the domain name system (DNS) to mystify their attack ecosystems, they systematically generate a huge volume of distinct domain names to make it infeasible for blacklisting approaches to keep up with newly generated malicious domain names. As a solution to this problem, we propose a system for discovering malicious domain names that will likely be abused in future. The key idea with our system is to exploit temporal variation patterns (TVPs) of domain names. The TVPs of domain names include information about how and when a domain name has been listed in legitimate/popular and/or malicious domain name lists. On the basis of this idea, our system actively collects DNS logs, analyzes their TVPs, and predicts whether a given domain name will be used for malicious purposes. Our evaluation revealed that our system can predict malicious domain names 220 days beforehand with a true positive rate of 0.985.
CPU workload forecasting of machines in data centers using LSTM recurrent neural networks and ARIMA models (2017)

The advent of Data Science has led to data being evermore useful for an increasing number of organizations who want to extract knowledge from it for financial and research purposes. This has triggered data to be mined at an even faster pace causing the rise of Data Centers that host over thousands of machines together with thousands of jobs running in each of those machines. The growing complexities associated with managing such a huge infrastructure has caused the scheduling management systems to be inefficient at resource allocation across these machines. Hence, resource usage forecasting of machines in data centers is a growing area for research. This study focuses on the Time Series forecasting of CPU usage of machines in data centers using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network and evaluating it against the widely used and traditional autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for forecasting. The final LSTM model had a forecasting error in the range of 17-23% compared to ARIMA model's 3742%. The results clearly show that LSTM models performed more consistently due to their ability to learn non-linear data much better than ARIMA models.
Molecular characterization of vascular smooth muscle decorin: deduced core protein structure and regulation of gene expression. (1992)

Two overlapping clones containing sequences homologous to bovine, human and chicken decorin have been recovered from poly A+ RNA isolated from rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) using cDNA cloning and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodologies. Results of nucleotide sequence analysis performed on these clones demonstrated that they encode the complete mature rat decorin protein expressed by VSMC. Within the coding region, rat decorin exhibits 76% nucleotide sequence homology to human and bovine decorin, and 69% homologous to chicken decorin indicating a significant level of conservation among these species. This level of conservation among species was also maintained at the protein level with rat decorin being 77% homologous to its human, bovine and chicken homologues. As previously observed its human homologue, rat decorin, is made up of seven, tandem, leucine-rich repeat sequences. Furthermore, within the core of these repeats was the consensus protein sequence NKISK which has been proposed to be the fibronectin binding region of decorin (G. Schmidt et al., Biochem. J. 280, 411-414 (1991)). The vast majority of amino acid substitutions within rat decorin were of the conservative type. The highest frequency of amino acid substitutions were found to be localized within a hypervariable region located near the amino terminus of the decorin core protein. Unlike rat biglycan, rat decorin mRNA levels were found to increase significantly in density-arrested VSMC cultures. In contrast to rat biglycan gene expression, no quantitative differences in rat decorin mRNA levels were observed between proliferating VSMC and VSMC made quiescent through serum depletion. Finally, specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were able to regulate the expression of decorin at the mRNA level in a slightly different manner than previously observed for biglycan.
Acoustic-To-Word Model Without OOV (2017)

Recently, the acoustic-to-word model based on the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) criterion was shown as a natural end-to-end model directly targeting words as output units. However, this type of word-based CTC model suffers from the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) issue as it can only model limited number of words in the output layer and maps all the remaining words into an OOV output node. Therefore, such word-based CTC model can only recognize the frequent words modeled by the network output nodes. It also cannot easily handle the hot-words which emerge after the model is trained. In this study, we improve the acoustic-to-word model with a hybrid CTC model which can predict both words and characters at the same time. With a shared-hidden-layer structure and modular design, the alignments of words generated from the word-based CTC and the character-based CTC are synchronized. Whenever the acoustic-to-word model emits an OOV token, we back off that OOV segment to the word output generated from the character-based CTC, hence solving the OOV or hot-words issue. Evaluated on a Microsoft Cortana voice assistant task, the proposed model can reduce the errors introduced by the OOV output token in the acoustic-to-word model by 30%.
Controlled Synthesis of Highly Crystalline MoS<sub>2</sub> Flakes by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2013)

The controlled synthesis of highly crystalline MoS2 atomic layers remains a challenge for the practical applications of this emerging material. Here, we developed an approach for synthesizing MoS2 flakes in rhomboid shape with controlled number of layers by the layer-by-layer sulfurization of MoO2 microcrystals. The obtained MoS2 flakes showed high crystallinity with crystal domain size of ~10 μm, significantly larger than the grain size of MoS2 grown by other methods. As a result of the high crystallinity, the performance of back-gated field effect transistors (FETs) made on these MoS2 flakes was comparable to that of FETs based on mechanically exfoliated flakes. This simple approach opens up a new avenue for controlled synthesis of MoS2 atomic layers and will make this highly crystalline material easily accessible for fundamental aspects and various applications.
Lifespan and Failures of SSDs and HDDs: Similarities, Differences, and Prediction Models (2021)

Data center downtime typically centers around IT equipment failure. Storage devices are the most frequently failing components in data centers. We present a comparative study of hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid state drives (SSDs) that constitute the typical storage in data centers. Using six-year field data of 100,000 HDDs of different models from the same manufacturer from the Backblaze dataset and six-year field data of 30,000 SSDs of three models from a Google data center, we characterize the workload conditions that lead to failures. We illustrate that their root failure causes differ from common expectations and that they remain difficult to discern. For the case of HDDs we observe that young and old drives do not present many differences in their failures. Instead, failures may be distinguished by discriminating drives based on the time spent for head positioning. For SSDs, we observe high levels of infant mortality and characterize the differences between infant and non-infant failures. We develop several machine learning failure prediction models that are shown to be surprisingly accurate, achieving high recall and low false positive rates. These models are used beyond simple prediction as they aid us to untangle the complex interaction of workload characteristics that lead to failures and identify failure root causes from monitored symptoms.
A parallel implementation of the ISO 8802-2.2 protocol (2002)

A parallel implementation of the ISO 8802-2.2 Logical Link Control protocol on a multiprocessor-based communication adapter is described. Detailed measurements allow the authors to construct and parameterize a model of the implementation. The model shows how pipelining of different protocol functions is possible and what performance gain can be expected when running the implementation on different processor configurations. The performance of the parallel implementation is more than 16000 information protocol data units per second, commensurate with emerging high-speed networks operating in the 100 Mb/s range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bacillus sonorensis sp. nov., a close relative of Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from soil in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona. (2001)

Eight Bacillus strains isolated from Sonoran Desert soil were shown to belong to a previously unidentified species, for which the name Bacillus sonorensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain L87-10T (= NRRL B-23154T). On the basis of phenotypic and genetic data, B. sonorensis is most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis. B. sonorensis can be distinguished from B. licheniformis by salt tolerance, pigmentation, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, reassociation of genomic DNA and sequence differences in protein-coding genes and 16S rRNA.
Efficient MATLAB Computations with Sparse and Factored Tensors (2007)

In this paper, the term tensor refers simply to a multidimensional or N-way array, and we consider how specially structured tensors allow for efficient storage and computation. First, we study sparse tensors, which have the property that the vast majority of the elements are zero. We propose storing sparse tensors using coordinate format and describe the computational efficiency of this scheme for various mathematical operations, including those typical to tensor decomposition algorithms. Second, we study factored tensors, which have the property that they can be assembled from more basic components. We consider two specific types: A Tucker tensor can be expressed as the product of a core tensor (which itself may be dense, sparse, or factored) and a matrix along each mode, and a Kruskal tensor can be expressed as the sum of rank-1 tensors. We are interested in the case where the storage of the components is less than the storage of the full tensor, and we demonstrate that many elementary operations can be computed using only the components. All of the efficiencies described in this paper are implemented in the Tensor Toolbox for MATLAB.
Direct television broadcasting with a medium-size satellite (2003)

The low-risk, high reliability DBS (direct broadcasting satellite) design approach that led to the world's first DBS delivery-in-orbit type contact is described relative to the unique TWTA (traveling-wave-tube amplifier), redundancy, and battery technology used on the medium-size Hughes HS 376 spacecraft. The general DBS technical and commercial problems that have been encountered worldwide to date are summarized. DBS coverage of Great Britain, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Thailand, and the US are considered, as is the community broadcasting satellite service to Australia's remote outback via Aussat's existing HS 376 satellite system. Edge-of-coverage effective isotropic radiated power from 47 to 59 dBW is identified and the varying 7-to-15 year lifetimes resulting from different booster capabilities that have been observed are noted. Antenna patterns are provided for each application discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>