gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lethal Drug Interactions of the New Antiviral, Sorivudine, with Anticancer Prodrugs of 5-Fluorouracil (1997)

In 1993 eighteen Japanese patients with cancer and herpes zoster, a viral disease, died from interactions of the new oral antiviral drug, sorivudine (SRV: 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil), with oral anticancer prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) within 40 d after SRV was approved by the Japanese government and began to be used clinically. Before the death, most of these patients had severe symptoms of toxicity, including diarrhea with bloody flux and marked decreases in white blood cell and platelet counts. All of these patients received SRV daily for several days while being administered long-term anticancer chemotherapy with one of the oral 5-FU prodrugs. There was no acute toxic symptom in patients who received SRV alone or SRV and the other types of anticancer drugs. A toxicokinetic study was carried out using rats to investigate the mechanism of the acute death in the patients caused by drug interactions between SRV and 5-FU prodrugs. Rats were orally coadministered SRV with tegafur (FT: 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil), a 5-FU prodrug that most of the patients were considered to receive before the death. All the rats receiving SRV and FT once daily showed extremely elevated levels of 5-FU in the plasma and tissues, including bone marrow and small intestines, and died within 10 d, while the animals given the same repeated dose of SRV or FT alone were still alive over 20 d without any appreciable toxic symptom. Before their death, there were a marked damage of bone marrow, a marked atrophy of intestinal membrane mucosa, marked decreases in white blood cells and platelets, diarrhea with bloody flux, and severe anorexia as reported for the patients. Data obtained by in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (BVU), generated from SRV by the gut flora and absorbed through the intestinal membrane, was reduced in the presence of NADPH to a reactive form by hepatic dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a key enzyme regulating the tissue 5-FU levels from FT, bound covalently to DPD as a suicide inhibitor, and markedly retarded the catabolism of 5-FU. An irreversible inactivation by BVU of rat and human DPDs, expressed in E. coli for the latter, was observed in the presence of NADPH with their purified preparations in a manner reciprocal to radiolabelling of the enzyme proteins with [14C]BVU. SRV showed no inhibitory effect on the rat and human DPDs in the presence of NADPH.
You are what you include (2012)

JavaScript is used by web developers to enhance the interactivity of their sites, offload work to the users' browsers and improve their sites' responsiveness and user-friendliness, making web pages feel and behave like traditional desktop applications. An important feature of JavaScript, is the ability to combine multiple libraries from local and remote sources into the same page, under the same namespace. While this enables the creation of more advanced web applications, it also allows for a malicious JavaScript provider to steal data from other scripts and from the page itself. Today, when developers include remote JavaScript libraries, they trust that the remote providers will not abuse the power bestowed upon them.
SoK: General Purpose Compilers for Secure Multi-Party Computation (2019)

Secure multi-party computation (MPC) allows a group of mutually distrustful parties to compute a joint function on their inputs without revealing any information beyond the result of the computation. This type of computation is extremely powerful and has wide-ranging applications in academia, industry, and government. Protocols for secure computation have existed for decades, but only recently have general-purpose compilers for executing MPC on arbitrary functions been developed. These projects rapidly improved the state of the art, and began to make MPC accessible to non-expert users. However, the field is changing so rapidly that it is difficult even for experts to keep track of the varied capabilities of modern frameworks. In this work, we survey general-purpose compilers for secure multi-party computation. These tools provide high-level abstractions to describe arbitrary functions and execute secure computation protocols. We consider eleven systems: EMP-toolkit, Obliv-C, ObliVM, TinyGarble, SCALE-MAMBA (formerly SPDZ), Wysteria, Sharemind, PICCO, ABY, Frigate and CBMC-GC. We evaluate these systems on a range of criteria, including language expressibility, capabilities of the cryptographic back-end, and accessibility to developers. We advocate for improved documentation of MPC frameworks, standardization within the community, and make recommendations for future directions in compiler development. Installing and running these systems can be challenging, and for each system, we also provide a complete virtual environment (Docker container) with all the necessary dependencies to run the compiler and our example programs.
Enzymatic Removal of Carboxyl Protecting Groups. 1. Cleavage of the <i>tert</i>-Butyl Moiety (2005)

[reaction: see text] A recent discovery that a certain amino acid motif (GGG(A)X-motif) in lipases and esterases determines their activity toward tertiary alcohols prompted us to investigate the use of these biocatalysts in the mild and selective removal of tert-butyl protecting groups in amino acid derivatives and related compounds. An esterase from Bacillus subtilis (BsubpNBE) and lipase A from Candida antarctica (CAL-A) were identified as the most active enzymes, which hydrolyzed a range of tert-butyl esters of protected amino acids (e.g., Boc-Tyr-O(t)Bu, Z-GABA-O(t)Bu, Fmoc-GABA-O(t)Bu) in good to high yields and left Boc, Z, and Fmoc-protecting groups intact.
Genetic control of rebaudioside A and C concentration in leaves of the sweet herb, <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (1999)

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni produces steviol glycoside sweeteners in its leaves that are up to 240 times sweeter than sugar. Understanding the genetic basis of glycoside proportions will aid in their manipulation through plant breeding. The experiments conducted in this study were focused on the genetic control of the proportions of two of those glycosides, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C. The study was conducted using F 2 population from crosses between two sets of parents with divergent glycoside profiles. Segregation in the first set of F 2 s showed that the presence/absence of rebaudioside A is controlled by a single dominant gene, but that the actual proportions of rebaudioside A may be controlled by multiple loci or alleles. In a second cross, proportions of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C were found to co-segregate and were shown to be controlled by a single additive gene. This result suggests that both rebaudioside A and C are synthesized by the same enzyme. The results were used to propose a model for glycosylation of steviol glycosides. Key words: Diterpene glycoside, genetic analysis, glycosylation, biosynthetic model
High temperature thermal energy storage, including a discussion of TES integrated into power plants (1978)

Storage temperatures of 260 C and above are considered. Basic considerations concerning energy thermal storage are discussed, taking into account general aspects of thermal energy storage, thermal energy storage integrated into power plants, thermal storage techniques and technical considerations, and economic considerations. A description of system concepts is provided, giving attention to a survey of proposed concepts, storage in unpressurized fluids, water storage in pressurized containers, the use of an underground lined cavern for water storage, a submerged thin insulated steel shell under the ocean containing pressurized water, gas passage through solid blocks, a rock bed with liquid heat transport fluid, hollow steel ingots, heat storage in concrete or sand, sand in a fluidized bed, sand poured over pipes, a thermal energy storage heat exchanger, pipes or spheres filled with phase change materials (PCM), macroencapsulated PCM with heat pipe concept for transport fluid, solid PCM removed from heat transfer pipes by moving scrapers, and the direct contact between PCM and transport fluid.
High Speed, High Volume Laboratory Network for Infectious Diseases and Center for Rapid Influenza Surveillance and Research (2008)

This white paper summarizes our activities, progress to date, and work to come on the High Speed, High Volume Laboratory Network for Infectious Diseases and Center for Rapid Influenza Surveillance and Research at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). It emphasizes that implementing near real-time, global and (what aspires to) transparent surveillance of infectious diseases is an essential next step for human health and security. It also explains how our efforts will enable this next step, first at one laboratory site and then at multiple networked sites. Cited on-line materials and references at the end provide additional information.
Antioxidant action of <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> root extract in alloxan diabetic rats (2001)

Tinospora cordifolia is widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of 2.5 g and 5.0 g/kg body weight of the aqueous extract of the roots for 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and an increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in alloxan diabetic rats. The effect of Tinospora cordifolia root extract (TCREt) was most prominently seen in the case of rats given 5.0 g/kg body weight. The effect of TCREt was more effective than glibenclamide. Thus our study shows that TCREt exhibits antioxidant action in alloxan diabetes.
Computation of liver deformations with finite element model (2017)

The video stream of the liver surface images from the laparoscope is the only visual information during the minimally invasive surgery (MIS). It is therefore quite difficult for surgeons to know some crucial internal surgical information, such as the locations of the tumor or the main blood vessels. Since there is no feasible scanning instrument available at this time, computational liver model seems to be the proper solution. In this paper, a system is proposed to calculate the deformations of liver tissue along with its internal structures during the MIS. Verified with a simulation and an ex vivo experiment, the error of calculated deformation can reach 0.3 mm and 1.36 mm respectively.
Viscous Sol and Gel Formation from Process Whey Protein Below 25°C (1996)

ABSTRACT The viscosity of process whey protein (PWP; whey protein preheated under salt‐free conditions) solution increased and led to gel formation with incubation at ambient or lower temperature by NaCl addition. Viscosity of PWP solution (70 mg/mL, 38.3 sec ‐1 , 40 min incubation) either with NaCl up to 120 mM or without NaCl decreased with increasing temperature, viscosity gave straight lines in an Andrade plot below 25°C, whereas viscosity of PWP solution with NaCl sharply increased with increase in temperature above 25°C. This suggested that association of the aggregates of PWP molecules occurred above 25°C by addition of NaCl, and that network formation by such aggregates might cause gelation.
SONOPROCESSING OF FLUIDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS (2010)

Ultrasonics processing is becoming an increasily attractive field due to the sustainable character of the use of ultrasonic waves: low energy consumption and no contaminating processes. However the applications of ultrasonic energy in fluids, and more specifically in gases, have been limited for the difficulty to generate efficiently such energy in large scale processes. To overcome this problem a new family of ultrasonic generators with extensive radiators were developed during the last years. Such new generators opened possibilities to study and implement new processes in fluids at industrial level. This paper deals with the characteristics and performance of some new sonoprocesses in gases and multiphase media developed at industrial and/or semi-industrial level for environmental and industrial applications.
Engineering <i>Rhodosporidium toruloides</i> for increased lipid production (2015)

Oleaginous yeast are promising organisms for the production of lipid-based chemicals and fuels from simple sugars. In this work, we explored Rhodosporidium toruloides for the production of lipid-based products. This oleaginous yeast natively produces lipids at high titers and can grow on glucose and xylose. As a first step, we sequenced the genomes of two strains, IFO0880, and IFO0559, and generated draft assemblies and annotations. We then used this information to engineer two R. toruloides strains for increased lipid production by over-expressing the native acetyl-CoA carboxylase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. Our best strain, derived from IFO0880, was able to produce 16.4 ± 1.1 g/L lipid from 70 g/L glucose and 9.5 ± 1.3 g/L lipid from 70 g/L xylose in shake-flask experiments. This work represents one of the first examples of metabolic engineering in R. toruloides and establishes this yeast as a new platform for production of fatty-acid derived products.
Truly Transparent p-Type γ-CuI Thin Films with High Hole Mobility (2016)

The γ-phase of copper(I) iodide (γ-CuI) is a p-type semiconductor with a wide bandgap (Eg ≈ 3.1 eV). Conventionally, γ-CuI thin films have been synthesized by the iodination of Cu thin layers with iodine vapor. However, γ-CuI films fabricated by this method have a rough surface and thus a frosted-glass-like appearance, which make it difficult to apply this material to transparent electronics. In this paper, a simple new method is proposed for the synthesis of truly transparent p-type γ-CuI films. The chemical reaction between Cu3N thin films and solid-phase iodine at 25 °C was found to yield highly transparent polycrystalline γ-CuI films with shiny appearance. The γ-CuI films fabricated by this method had root-mean-square roughness values of 8–12 nm, which are less than one-third of those for γ-CuI films synthesized by the conventional method. As a result, specular transmittance of >75% in the visible region was attained. An as-prepared film had a resistivity (ρ) of 3.1 × 10–2 Ω cm, hole density (nh) of 8.9 × 1019 cm–3, and mobility (μ) of 2.4 cm2 V–1 s–1. Mild heat treatment at 100–150 °C under an inert atmosphere was found to suppress nh and enhance μ. The heat-treated films had μ values of 9–10 cm2 V–1 s–1, which are comparable to those of other wide-bandgap p-type semiconductors grown epitaxially at high temperatures above 400 °C. These findings would assist studies on applications of γ-CuI thin films in transparent electronics.
Analysis of coupled heat, moisture and air transfer in a deformable unsaturated soil (1995)

A new theoretical formulation for the analysis of coupled heat, moisture and air transfer is presented, which is applicable to a deformable unsaturated soil. The approach proposed extends previous analyses of the coupled transport of heat, pore water and pore air to take account of the deformation behaviour of partially saturated soil. A numerical solution of the governing differential equations is achieved by the use of the finite element method as a spatial discretization technique coupled with a finite difference recurrence relationship to describe transient behaviour. Three isothermal test problems are then considered to model the behaviour of unsaturated soil under varying stress and suction conditions. Both heave and collapse due to wetting are simulated. The model is applied to experimental work performed by others for the case of heating of an unsaturated montmorillonite clay and is shown to be capable of producing quantitatively physically correct results. These indicate that strong interactions occur between temperature, pore liquid content, suction and deformation of the soil. KEYWORDS: numerical modelling and analysis; partial saturation; temperature effects. L'article présente une nouvelle formulation théorique du transfert couplé de chaleur-humidité-air applicable aux cols déformables non-saturés. Notre approche est une extension des analyses antérieures de transport couplé de chaleur, d'eau interstitielle et d'air interstitiel de façon à prendre en compte le comportement en déformation d'un sol partiellement saturé. Les équations différentielles régissant le transport sont résolues numériquement à l'aide d'une méthode par éléments finis. Cette méthode, fondée sur une technique de discrétisation spatiale associée à une relation récurrente par difference finies, permet de décrire le comportement transitoire. Trois exercices isothermes ont été dévelop-pés pour modéliser le comportement d'un sol non-saturé soumis a différentes conditions de contrainte et de succion. Le gonflement et l'effondrement résultant d'une humidification du matériau ont été simulés. Le modéle, testé sur des essais expérimentaux de chauffage d'une montmorillonite non-saturée, réalisés par d'autres chercheurs, donne des résultats physiques corrects du point de vue qualitatif. Ceci montre que la température, la teneur en eau, la succion et la déformation du sol sont fortement corrélées.
Precipitation of DNA by polyethylene glycol and ethanol (1991)

Journal Article Precipitation of DNA by polyethylene glycol and ethanol Get access K.R. Paithankar, K.R. Paithankar Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyUppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K.S.N. Prasad K.S.N. Prasad Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyUppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 6, 25 March 1991, Page 1346, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.6.1346 Published: 25 March 1991 Article history Accepted: 06 February 1991 Published: 25 March 1991
Internal node and shortcut based routing with guaranteed delivery in wireless networks (2002)

Several distributed routing algorithms for wireless networks were described recently, based on location information of nodes available via Global Positioning System (GPS). In a greedy routing algorithm, the sender or node S currently holding the message m forwards m to one of its neighbors that is the closest to the destination. The algorithm fails if S does not have any neighbor that is closer to destination than S. The FACE algorithm guarantees the delivery of m if the network, modeled by unit graph, is connected. The GFG algorithm combines greedy and FACE algorithms. We further improve the performance of the GFG algorithm, by reducing its average hop count. First we improve the FACE algorithm by adding a sooner-back procedure for earlier escape from FACE mode. Then we perform a shortcut procedure at each forwarding node S. Node S uses the local information available to calculate as many hops as possible and forwards the packet to the last known hop directly instead of forwarding it to the next hop. The second improvement is based on the concept of dominating sets. The network of internal nodes defines a connected dominating set, and each node must be either internal or directly connected to an internal node. We apply several existing definitions of internal nodes, namely the concepts of intermediate, inter-gateway and gateway nodes. We propose to run GFG routing, enhanced by shortcut procedure, on the dominating set, except possibly the first and last hops. We obtained localized routing algorithm that guarantees delivery and has very low excess in terms of hop count compared to the shortest path algorithm. Experimental data show that the length of additional path can be reduced to about half that of existing GFG algorithm.
Factors affecting conception rate in artificially inseminated cattle under farmers condition in Ethiopia (2011)

This study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Adami Tullu district with objectives of evaluating factors affecting the efficiency of AI under farmers' situation and suggests options to be considered for improving the efficiency of AI delivery system. The overall conception rate attained in the study was 48.30% which is better than the national average conception rate reported so far.  It was found out that the proportion of cows that successfully conceived significantly differed (P 0.05) and the pregnancy rate was higher in supplemented than in control cows (42.9 vs 25%; P>0.05).

	 

	Key words: Artificial insemination, parity, breed, conception rate, heat detection.
A Soft Jellyfish Robot Driven by a Dielectric Elastomer Actuator (2016)

Although dielectric elastomers have been extensively studied recently, to date there has been little research into application of dielectric elastomer actuators to undersea robots. This letter focuses on development of a jellyfish robot using a dielectric elastomer actuator, which exhibits muscle-like properties including large deformation and high energy density. We carry out experiments to test the actuator’s deformation and force. Theoretical simulations are conducted to analyze the performance of the actuator, which are qualitatively consistent with the experiments. The preliminary studies show that this jellyfish robot based on dielectric elastomer technology can move effectively in water. The robot also exhibits fast response and high capacity of payload (compared to its self-weight).
Case Report: Calpainopathy Presenting After Bone Marrow Transplantation, With Studies of Donor Genetic Content in Various Tissue Types (2021)

We present a patient who had two allogeneic bone marrow transplantations for acute lymphocytic leukemia. She developed slowly progressive limb-girdle weakness in the context of other symptoms of graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Her myopathy symptoms had been initially attributed to GVHD, but when she progressed despite immunotherapy, genetic testing was requested. Initial testing was performed on a blood sample, identifying a variant of unknown significance in <i>DMD</i>. Subsequent testing of DNA from the patient's muscle tissue identified two pathogenic variants in <i>CAPN3</i>, with absence of the <i>DMD</i> variant (this latter variant presumed to have been received from the donor). Allele-specific digital droplet qPCR permitted the quantification of the donor variant in various tissues from the patient (whole skin, isolated fibroblasts, whole blood, saliva, buccal cells, urine sediment, and two muscle biopsies taken at a 2 year interval). This report emphasizes that genetic disease should still be considered in the context of presumably acquired disease, and also demonstrates the extent of transdifferentiation of donor cells into other tissues.
Realistic BGP traffic for test labs (2002)

This paper examines the possibility of generating realistic routing tables of arbitrary size along with realistic BGP updates of arbitrary frequencies via an automated tool deployable in a small-scale test lab. Such a tool provides the necessary foundations to study such questions as: the limits of BGP scalability, the reasons behind routing instability, and the extent to which routing instability influences the forwarding performance of a router.We find that the answer is affirmative. In this paper we identify important characteristics/metrics of routing tables and updates which provide the foundation of the proposed BGP workload model. Based on the insights of an extensive characterization of BGP traffic according to such metrics as prefix length distributions, fanout, amount of nesting of routing table prefixes, AS path length, number and times between BGP update bursts and number and times between BGP session resets, etc., we introduce our prototype tool, rtg. rtg realizes the workload model and is capable of generating realistic BGP traffic. Through its flexibility and parameterization rtg enables us to study the sensibilities of test systems in a repeatable and consistent manner while still providing the possibility of capturing the different characteristics from different vantage points in the network.