gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planar optical components and systems based on dielectric metasurfaces (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Miniaturized optical systems with planar form factors and low power consumption have many applications in wearable and mobile electronics, health monitoring devices, and as integral parts of medical and industrial equipment. Flat optical devices based on dielectric metasurfaces introduce a new approach for realization of such systems at low cost using conventional nanofabrication techniques. In this talk, I will present a summary of our recent work on dielectric metasurfaces that enable precise control of both polarization and phase with large transmission and high spatial resolution. Optical metasurface components such as high numerical aperture lenses, efficient wave plates, components with novel functionalities, and their potential applications will be discussed. I will also present the results of our efforts on developing multi-wavelength and dispersion engineered metasurfaces, as well as conformal, flexible, and tunable metasurfaces. Furthermore, by using metasurface cameras and planar retroreflectors as examples, I will introduce a vertical on-chip integration platform enabled by vertical stacking of multiple metasurfaces and active optoelectronic components. This vertical integration scheme introduces a new architecture for the on-chip integration of conventional and novel optical systems and enables their low-cost manufacturing.
High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies Defined by Presence of Apolipoprotein C-III and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Four Cohorts (2017)

Our findings from 4 prospective studies support the hypothesis that apoC-III may mark a subfraction of HDL that is associated with higher risk of CHD. New measures reflecting HDL structure and function may provide novel insights for cardiovascular risk that extend beyond traditional plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations.
Pneumatic artificial muscles for trailing edge flap actuation: a feasibility study (2011)

In this study a novel aircraft trailing edge flap actuation system was developed and tested. Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) were used as the driving elements of this system to demonstrate their feasibility and utility as an alternative aerospace actuation technology. A prototype flap/actuator system was integrated into a model wing section and tested on the bench-top under simulated airloads for flight at 100 m s−1 (M = 0.3) and in an open-jet wind tunnel at free stream velocities ranging up to 45 m s−1 (M = 0.13). Testing was performed for actuator pressures ranging from 0.069 to 0.62 MPa (10–90 psi) and actuation frequencies from 0.1 to 31 Hz. Results show that the PAM-driven trailing edge flap system can generate substantial and sustainable dynamic deflections, thereby proving the feasibility of using pneumatic artificial muscle actuators in a trailing edge flap system. Key issues limiting system performance are identified, that should be resolved in future research.
Resonance Frequency Detection of Dental Implant Stability With Various Bone Defects: In-Vitro Experiments (2009)

Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been applied to detect the stability and boundary condition of the dental implant osseointegration in several investigations. Its clinical relating application was generally accepted. Nevertheless, these studies only presented the overall phenomena of osseointegration around the implant and were unable to diagnose the location of the bone defect. Therefore, the aim of this study refers to an effective detection technique for locating the position of bone defect surrounding the dental implant. Various in-vitro bone defect models composed of a dental implant, a healing abutment and an artificial bone block were used to perform the experimental modal analysis (EMA). The bone defect model was excited by an impacted hammer; induced vibration response was acquired by an accelerometer and processed through a spectrum analyzer. The statistical analysis was used to generalize the relationship between the obtained RF values and various bone defects from experimental results. The finding of this study indicates that RF decreases remarkably when the range and depth of defects increase. Thus, the direction of the defect is decided first by RF variations of the sound and defective side, and the position of the defect is discriminated later by RF differences of various bone defect models. This conclusion assists doctors in diagnosis after surgery.
Microsecond regime optical cross connect: 32 port to 32 port scalable device (2014)

Presented here is a 32 × 32 optical switch for telecommunications applications capable of reconfiguring at speeds of up to 12 microseconds. The free space switching mechanism in this interconnect is a digital micromirror device (DMD) consisting of a 2D array of 10.8μm mirrors optimized for implementation at 1.55μm. Hinged along one axis, each micromirror is capable of accessing one of two positions in binary fashion. In general reflection based applications this corresponds to the ability to manifest only two display states with each mirror, but by employing this binary state system to display a set of binary amplitude holograms, we are able to access hundreds of distinct locations in space. We previously demonstrated a 7 × 7 switch employing this technology, providing a proof of concept device validating our initial design principles but exhibiting high insertion and wavelength dependent losses. The current system employs 1920 × 1080 DMD, allowing us to increase the number of accessible ports to 32 × 32. Adjustments in imaging, coupling component design and wavelength control were also made in order to improve the overall loss of the switch. This optical switch performs in a bit-rate and protocol independent manner, enabling its use across various network fabrics and data rates. Additionally, by employing a diffractive switching mechanism, we are able to implement a variety of ancillary features such as dynamic beam pick-off for monitoring purposes, beam division for multicasting applications and in situ attenuation control.
Brain-Targeted Delivery of a Leucine-enkephalin Analogue by Retrometabolic Design (1996)

A brain-targeted chemical delivery system (CDS) based on retrometabolic drug design was applied to a Leu-enkephalin analogue, Try-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu (DADLE). The molecular architecture of the peptide CDS disguises its peptide nature from neuropeptide-degrading enzymes and provides lipophilic, bioreversible functions for the penetration through the blood-brain barrier. These functions were provided by a targetor, a 1,4-dihydrotrigonellyl group, on the N-terminus and a bulky, lipophilic ester group on the C-terminus. A spacer amino acid residue was also inserted between the targetor and the parent peptide to assure the release of DADLE by specific enzymes. Four CDSs were synthesized by segment-coupling method that proved to be superior to sequential elongation in obtaining this type of peptide conjugates. Intravenous injection of the compounds produced a significant and long-lasting response in rats monitored by the tail-flick latency measurements. CDSs having the bulkier cholesteryl group showed a better efficacy than those having the smaller 1-adamantaneethyl ester. The spacer was the most important factor to manipulate the rate of DADLE release and, thus, the pharmacological activity; proline as a spacer produced more potent analgesia than alanine. The antinociceptive effect of the CDSs was naloxone-reversible and methylnaloxonium-irreversible, confirming that central opiate receptors were solely responsible for mediating analgesia induced by the peptide CDS that delivered, retained, and then released the peptide in the brain.
Distributed speech translation technologies for multiparty multilingual communication (2012)

Developing a multilingual speech translation system requires efforts in constructing automatic speech recognition (ASR), machine translation (MT), and text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) components for all possible source and target languages. If the numerous ASR, MT, and TTS systems for different language pairs developed independently in different parts of the world could be connected, multilingual speech translation systems for a multitude of language pairs could be achieved. Yet, there is currently no common, flexible framework that can provide an entire speech translation process by bringing together heterogeneous speech translation components. In this article we therefore propose a distributed architecture framework for multilingual speech translation in which all speech translation components are provided on distributed servers and cooperate over a network. This framework can facilitate the connection of different components and functions. To show the overall mechanism, we first present our state-of-the-art technologies for multilingual ASR, MT, and TTS components, and then describe how to combine those systems into the proposed network-based framework. The client applications are implemented on a handheld mobile terminal device, and all data exchanges among client users and spoken language technology servers are managed through a Web protocol. To support multiparty communication, an additional communication server is provided for simultaneously distributing the speech translation results from one user to multiple users. Field testing shows that the system is capable of realizing multiparty multilingual speech translation for real-time and location-independent communication.
Cardiogenic Oscillations on the Airflow Signal During Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as a Marker of Central Apnea (1999)

The presence of cardiogenic oscillations on the CPAP flow signal is a specific indicator of central apnea and may have a role in self-titrating CPAP algorithms. We speculate that transmission of these cardiac-induced oscillations may relate to the relaxation of thoracic muscles during central apnea and is impeded by high muscle tone during obstructive apnea.
Active Demethylation of the <i>Foxp3</i> Locus Leads to the Generation of Stable Regulatory T Cells within the Thymus (2013)

Stable expression of Foxp3 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) depends on DNA demethylation at the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR), a conserved, CpG-rich region within the Foxp3 locus. The TSDR is selectively demethylated in ex vivo Tregs purified from secondary lymphoid organs, but it is unclear at which stage of Treg development demethylation takes place. In this study, we show that commitment to a stable lineage occurred during early stages of murine thymic Treg development by engraving of lineage-specific epigenetic marks in parallel with establishment of a Treg-specific gene expression profile. TSDR demethylation was achieved through an active mechanism and involved enzymes of the ten-eleven-translocation family and hydroxylation of methylated cytosines, a modification that is implicated as an initiating step of mitosis-independent DNA demethylation pathways and has not yet been observed at specific loci during immune cell differentiation. Together, our results demonstrate that initiating TSDR demethylation during early stages of thymic Treg development commences stabilization of Foxp3 expression and guarantees full functionality and long-term lineage stability of Tregs.
Improved acid-stress tolerance of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> NZ9000 and <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21 by overexpression of the anti-acid component <i>recT</i> (2018)

Acid accumulation caused by carbon metabolism severely affects the fermentation performance of microbial cells. Here, different sources of the recT gene involved in homologous recombination were functionally overexpressed in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 and Escherichia coli BL21, and their acid-stress tolerances were investigated. Our results showed that L. lactis NZ9000 (ERecT and LRecT) strains showed 1.4- and 10.4-fold higher survival rates against lactic acid (pH 4.0), respectively, and that E. coli BL21 (ERecT) showed 16.7- and 9.4-fold higher survival rates than the control strain against lactic acid (pH 3.8) for 40 and 60 min, respectively. Additionally, we found that recT overexpression in L. lactis NZ9000 improved their growth under acid-stress conditions, as well as increased salt- and ethanol-stress tolerance and intracellular ATP concentrations in L. lactis NZ9000. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of recT overexpression for enhancing acid-stress tolerance and provided a promising strategy for insertion of anti-acid components in different hosts.
Materials for Optical Cryocoolers (2013)

Vibration-free cooling of detectors to cryogenic temperatures is critical for many terrestrial, airborne, and space-based instruments. Cooling of solids by anti-Stokes fluorescence is an emerging refrigeration technology that is inherently vibration-free and compact, and enables cooling of small loads to cryogenic temperatures. In this Highlight, advances in laser-cooling of solids are discussed with a particular focus on the recent breakthrough laser cooling of Yb3+-doped YLiF4 crystals to 114 K. The importance of the material structure, composition, and purity of laser-cooling materials and their influence on the optical refrigerator device performance is emphasized.
Performance of a broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (1990)

A broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) with enhanced performance is described. It has a useful range comparable to that of a commercially available narrowband system of the same acoustic frequency. The extra performance may be traded off among reduced velocity variance, reduced averaging time, and finer depth resolution. An expression predicting rms velocity error in terms of system parameters and the measured acoustic data is given and is shown to be consistent with the independently measured velocity error among redundant beams. The major source of bias error in narrowband ADCPs is shown to be greatly reduced for the broad band system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Boosting Gray Codes for Red Eyes Removal (2010)

Since the large diffusion of digital camera and mobile devices with embedded camera and flashgun, the red-eyes artifacts have de-facto become a critical problem. The technique herein described makes use of three main steps to identify and remove red-eyes. First, red eyes candidates are extracted from the input image by using an image filtering pipeline. A set of classifiers is then learned on gray code features extracted in the clustered patches space, and hence employed to distinguish between eyes and non-eyes patches. Once red-eyes are detected, artifacts are removed through desaturation and brightness reduction. The proposed method has been tested on large dataset of images achieving effective results in terms of hit rates maximization, false positives reduction and quality measure.
Achieving Real-Time Efficiency for Adaptive Radar Pulse Compression (2007)

The adaptive pulse compression (APC) algorithm has been shown to effectively suppress the range sidelobes resulting from large scatterers to the level of the noise thereby unmasking nearby small scatterers and yielding substantial sensitivity improvement over deterministic filtering techniques. However, implementation in a real-time system is limited by the relatively high computational complexity of the algorithm. As such, this paper considers dimensionality reduction techniques as a means to reduce this computational cost in order to enable real-time operation. In general, numerous different methods exist to decompose the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) framework upon which the APC algorithm is based. In this paper dimensionality reduction is achieved either by segregating contiguous blocks of the received signal samples or by decimating the received signal. Each of the two approaches then facilitate the approximation of the original MMSE cost function of APC by the sum of lower dimension MMSE cost functions thus yielding filters that require a lower computational cost to implement. The reduced dimension algorithms, collectively denoted as the fast adaptive pulse compression (FAPC) algorithm, substantially reduce the computational cost of APC while still maintaining much of its performance benefit.
Testing a structural model for viral DNA packaging motor function by optical tweezers measurements, site directed mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics calculations (2013)

Many double-stranded DNA viruses employ a molecular motor to package DNA into preformed capsid shells. Based on structures of phage T4 motor proteins determined by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, Rao, Rossmann and coworkers recently proposed a structural model for motor function. They proposed that DNA is ratcheted by a large conformational change driven by electrostatic interactions between charged residues at an interface between two globular domains of the motor protein. We have conducted experiments to test this model by studying the effect on packaging under applied load of site-directed changes altering these residues. We observe significant impairment of packaging activity including reductions in packaging rate, percent time packaging, and time active under high load. We show that these measured impairments correlate well with alterations in free energies associated with the conformational change predicted by molecular dynamics simulations.
High-force linear iron-core fine-tooth motor (2017)

This paper presents the design and testing of a high force linear fine-tooth iron-core permanent magnet motor. We present the design and experimental results in comparison with a commercially-available iron-core linear motor. Our new fine-tooth motor shows predicted shear stress improvements of 28 % at the prototype practical power level of 10 W/mm and 85 % at an anticipated ultimate root mean square (RMS) current density limit in the coil wires of 50 A/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , relative to the conventional iron-core motor. This force performance of our new motor is also experimentally validated. The new motor shows strong potential for industry applications requiring precision motion along with high speed of production, such as in photo-lithography machines.
Resonance ionization of sputtered atoms-progress toward a quantitative technique (1992)

The combination of RIMS and ion sputtering has been heralded as the ideal means of quantitatively probing the surface of a solid. While several laboratories have demonstrated the extreme sensitivity of combining RIMS with sputtering, less effort has been devoted to the question of accuracy. Using the SARISA instrument developed at Argonne National Laboratory, a number of well-characterized metallic\nsamples have been analyzed. Results from these determinations have been compared with data obtained by several other analytical methods. One significant finding is that impurity measurements down to ppb levels in metal matrices can be made quantitative by employing polycrystalline metal foils as calibration standards. This discovery substantially reduces the effort required for quantitative analysis since a single standard can be used for determining concentrations spanning nine orders of magnitude.
Efficiency-driven control of dispatchable sources and storage units in hybrid energy systems (2014)

To operate as a stand-alone power system during grid power outages or peak price periods, local energy systems are equipped with storage devices and different distributed generations (DGs) such as diesel generators and renewable energy sources (RES). Power management of these hybrid systems will be challenging due to the intermittent and uncontrollable nature of many types of RES, load variations in time, availability of different energy source options with different cost function characteristics to balance the electric supply and demand, and other parameters. To operate the hybrid energy systems efficiently, a comprehensive power management method is proposed in this paper which includes two control layers. Proof of concept for the proposed power management policy was demonstrated on an experimental energy system composed of lead-acid batteries, diesel generator simulator, PV system, 3kW peak load and a utility connection.
<title>Low-latency communication over modems</title> (1997)

A general adaptive protocol to operate modems with minimum latency while extracting the maximum throughput is presented. Modern modems have large internal buffers and complex error correction and data compression protocols. The internal buffering in modems generally leads to large latencies and jitters in latency. Buffers in the communication drivers and operating system add to latency in the path. These shortcomings can be overcome using a special protocol so that a tighter bound on latency and jitter can be specified. This can benefit the real-time communication over modems.
Partial Regenerative Dual Fluid Gas Turbine System. (2000)

For further improvements on thermal efficiency of steam injected gas turbine, Partial Regenerative Dual Fluid Gas Turbine System(PRDF)is proposed. In this paper, parametric performance analysis of the new cycle gas turbine is carried out. The thermal efficiency of the PRDF is compared with other three kinds of gas turbine systems, that is, Steam Injected Gas Turbine, Regenerative Gas Turbine and Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine. Results of the analysis show that the PRDF can realize higher efficiency than other two systems, in the range of such usual pressure ratio as applied in actual gas turbines. Effect of injection steam pressure on thermal efficiency of the PRDF is also evaluated.
Corneal-shaping electrode. [US Patent Application] (1978)

The disclosure relates to a circulating saline electrode for changing corneal shape in the eyes of animals. The electrode comprises a tubular nonconductive electrode housing having an annular expanded base which has a surface substantially matched to the subject animal's corneal surface. A tubular conductive electrode connected to a radiofrequency generating source is disposed within the electrode housing and longitudinally aligned therewith. The electrode has a generally hemispherical head having at least one orifice. Saline solution is circulated through the apparatus and over the cornea to cool the corneal surface while radiofrequency electric current emitted from the electrode flows therefrom through the cornea to a second electrode, on the rear of the animal's head. This current heats the deep corneal stroma and thereby effects corneal reshaping as a biological response to the heat.
Radioimmunoassay of thymosin b/sub 4/ (1985)

A radioimmunoassay for the polypeptide thymic hormone thymosin b/sub 4/ is described. The assay employs a radiolabelled Tyr-C13-thymosin b/sub 4/-analogue as probe and a thymosin b/sub 4/ antibody.
The Reflection Alcove Hologram: A Computer-Graphic Holographic Stereogram (1988)

A new concave semi-cylindrical holographic stereogram, called the reflection alcove hologram, offers computer-generated 3-D real images that project within the alcove space and offer a very wide angle of view. The hologram is viewed with a white light source, and is extendable to full-color imaging.
Exponentially Decayed Aggregates on Data Streams (2008)

In a massive stream of sequential events such as stock feeds, sensor readings, or IP traffic measurements, tuples pertaining to recent events are typically more important than older ones. It is important to compute various aggregates over such streams after applying a decay function which assigns weights to tuples based on their age. We focus on the computation of exponentially decayed aggregates in the form of quantiles and heavy hitters. Our techniques are based on extending existing data stream summaries, such as the q-digest [1] and the "space- saving" algorithm [2]. Our experiments confirm that our methods can be applied in practice, and have similar space and time costs to the non-decayed aggregate computation.