gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diode-pumped 1-W Er-doped fluoride glass M-profile fiber laser emitting at 28 µm (1999)

We report a novel short-length diode-pumped cw fiber laser with high output power at a wavelength of 2.8mum . The system combines continuous-wave diode pumping at 970 nm, a high doping concentration (5-mol. % ErF(3)) of the active fiber, and an annular geometry of the laser medium, an M-profile fiber. Output powers in excess of 1 W with a slope efficiency of 25% were obtained.
Identification of Euglena gracilis β-1,3-glucan phosphorylase and establishment of a new glycoside hydrolase (GH) family GH149 (2018)

Glycoside phosphorylases (EC 2.4.x.x) carry out the reversible phosphorolysis of glucan polymers, producing the corresponding sugar 1-phosphate and a shortened glycan chain. β-1,3-Glucan phosphorylase activities have been reported in the photosynthetic euglenozoan <i>Euglena gracilis</i>, but the cognate protein sequences have not been identified to date. Continuing our efforts to understand the glycobiology of <i>E. gracilis</i>, we identified a candidate phosphorylase sequence, designated EgP1, by proteomic analysis of an enriched cellular protein lysate. We expressed recombinant EgP1 in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and characterized it <i>in vitro</i> as a β-1,3-glucan phosphorylase. BLASTP identified several hundred EgP1 orthologs, most of which were from Gram-negative bacteria and had 37-91% sequence identity to EgP1. We heterologously expressed a bacterial metagenomic sequence, Pro_7066 in <i>E. coli</i> and confirmed it as a β-1,3-glucan phosphorylase, albeit with kinetics parameters distinct from those of EgP1. EgP1, Pro_7066, and their orthologs are classified as a new glycoside hydrolase (GH) family, designated GH149. Comparisons between GH94, EgP1, and Pro_7066 sequences revealed conservation of key amino acids required for the phosphorylase activity, suggesting a phosphorylase mechanism that is conserved between GH94 and GH149. We found bacterial <i>GH149</i> genes in gene clusters containing sugar transporter and several other GH family genes, suggesting that bacterial GH149 proteins have roles in the degradation of complex carbohydrates. The Bacteroidetes <i>GH149</i> genes located to previously identified polysaccharide utilization loci, implicated in the degradation of complex carbohydrates. In summary, we have identified a eukaryotic and a bacterial β-1,3-glucan phosphorylase and uncovered a new family of phosphorylases that we name GH149.
Miniaturization of a micro-optics array for highly sensitive and parallel detection on an injection moulded lab-on-a-chip (2015)

A miniaturised array of supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF) micro-optics embedded in a microfluidic chamber was fabricated by injection moulding. The fabricated chip could enhance the fluorescence signal around 46 times compared to a conventional microscope. Collection of the fluorescence signal from the SAF array is almost independent of the numerical aperture, and the limit of detection was improved 36-fold using a simple and inexpensive optical detection system.
Cognitive radio techniques for wide area networks (2005)

The cellular wireless market has begun the transition to data centric services including high speed internet access, video, high quality audio, and gaming. Communications technology can meet the need for very high data link speeds, and can also improve network throughput, but dramatically more spectrum will be needed to provide ubiquitous wireless data service. Cognitive radio is a new technology that allows spectrum to be dynamically shared between users. It offers the potential to dramatically change the way spectrum is used in systems and to substantially increase the amount of spectrum available for wireless communications. This paper introduces cognitive radio and explains the promise, possible operating modes, and benefits it may offer.
Measurements of the absolute Raman cross sections of benzene (1986)

The absolute Raman cross sections of the 992 cm−1 (ring breathing) and 3060 cm−1 (C–H stretching) modes of benzene are presented at excitation wavelengths of 514.5, 488.0, 441.6, and 325.0 nm. The technique employs a straightforward determination of the total (unrestricted energy bandwidth) scattering cross section along with a simple relative measurement. The effect of the dispersion of the local field correction (via the frequency dependence of the index of refraction) is found to significantly affect the preresonance benzene cross sections and can distort the normally employed ‘‘A-term’’ analysis. When the local field effect is incorporated into the data analysis, the results involving neat benzene and previous studies involving 1% benzene in acetonitrile are brought into reasonable agreement. The ‘‘n2’’ solid angle correction is also verified experimentally using air, water, and benzene as test substances. The preresonance enhancement of the 992 cm−1 mode is found to be consistent with coupling to electronic excitations centered at ∼80 kK which presumably involve the π-electron system. In contrast, the 3060 cm−1 mode is coupled to electronic states centered in the deep ultraviolet, at ∼150 kK, which presumably involve the more energetic σ-electron excitations.
<title>Bridge between developers and virtual environments: a robust virtual environment system architecture</title> (1995)

A new approach is presented to the problems associated with designing and implementing virtual environment applications which supports robust methods of describing and building virtual worlds and interaction techniques. Despite the functional similarities between virtual world and graphical user interface designers, virtual world designers are hindered by a lack of low level support which user interface designers typically get from a toolkit or application framework. Furthermore, a well-defined set of standard interaction techniques and devices has been established for the desktop metaphor which does not exist in the virtual environment arena. The importance of shielding the programmer from the low level details of rendering, network communication, and device software is widely recognized. However, most off-the- shelf virtual reality systems provide only a device polling mechanism through which the entire interface must be built. Polling forces the programmer to delve into the low level details of each device for every interaction technique to be used. We are currently developing a system called the Bridge that is designed to meet the needs and requirements of highly interactive virtual environment applications. The distributed architecture of the Bridge clearly separates the interaction from the application and supports a more efficient, event-driven model. High level descriptions of user-computer dialogues can be easily constructed allowing modification of interaction techniques and styles.
A Test to Evaluate Your Career (2003)

The career assessment test is a tool used to provide an individual with an overview of his or her marketability in the job market. Based on research and data collected over the years, these questions and answers have helped job-seekers determine both their level of marketability and satisfaction with their present employment. This career assessment test was developed from employment information and insights gathered from many fields during the last 37 years. By and large, it has been gleaned from people who did not know where their career was going, and then wondered why they were not getting there. There are several key issues in employment: having a marketable skill, establishing a successful track record with that skill set, and then representing yourself and those skills well. We all develop skills and some of us may even be the best at what we do. The question is, how long will that skill set and/or technology remain marketable? Most of us were trained to stay the course, and to think that if we work hard and have a good work attitude, the company will provide for our career. For a chosen few, that will still actually happen, but most will be disappointed at some point in their careers. We were also led to believe that the skills we learn today would last our entire employment life. If not, we would be trained in the new technology. For some, this will be true. But for most, it will not. And oftentimes, the changes occur in the last half of one’s career. When candidates are asked how marketable they think they are, almost everyone says they are very marketable. This would be okay if people could hire themselves; unfortunately, it's not what they think is important—it's what the market thinks. By taking our assessment test, you can learn about potential employment concerns and your marketability. Answer the following questions by choosing how you rate yourself on a scale of 0 to 3. After taking the test, add up your point total. This will allow you to assess your current career situation and whether any action is required.
Time-Course Accumulation of Main Bioactive Components in the Rhizome of<i>Ligusticum chuanxiong</i> (2006)

Fresh rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, were collected monthly from a cultivating base in China practicing good agriculture practice (GAP). These samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV for their main chemical ingredients. Senkyunolide A (6), coniferyl ferulate (7) and Z-ligustilide (8) were identified as the major ingredients. The accumulation of the main ingredients with time in the herb was elucidated. Both individual and total contents of all main components gradually increased from the beginning of October to the middle of next April. The weight of a single rhizome reached a plateau at the end of May, whilst the content of the major ingredients peaked in the middle of April. Based on these results, it is recommended that Rhizoma Chuanxiong be harvested between the middle of April and the end of May.
Abnormal B cell response to B cell stimulatory factors (BSF) in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (1987)

We intended to analyze the mechanism of polyclonal B cell activation in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We examined the abilities of peripheral blood lymphocytes from SS to respond to B cell stimulatory factors (BSF). Peripheral B cells from SS showed a marked IgG synthesis with BSF alone, in the absence of anti-IgM antibody, measured with Enzyzme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Moreover, SS B cells responded vigorously to the stimulation by BSF associated with anti-IgM antibody compared to normal controls. Furthermore, the hyperactivity of SS B cells to BSF correlated with IgG levels in their sera. By contrast, B cell response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC) and expression of B cell differentiation antigens on SS B cells were not different from normal controls.In addition, one B cell line, spontaneously established from the peripheral blood and positive for EBNA, produced IgG in the culture. It also responded to BSF resulting in augmentation of IgG synthesis.These data highly suggest that SS B cells are polyclonally activated in vivo and SS B cells have hyperresponsiveness to BSF. These abnormalities might be responsible to perturb immunoregulatory system which result in polyclonal gammopathy and/or production of various autoantibodies in SS.
Molecular Mechanisms of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase-mediated Apoptosis Induced by Anticarcinogenic Isothiocyanates (1998)

Isothiocyanates have strong chemopreventive properties against many carcinogen-induced cancers in experimental animal models. Here, we report that phenylmethyl isocyacyanate (PMITC) and phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) induced sustained c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in a dose-dependent manner. The sustained JNK activation caused by isothiocyanates was associated with apoptosis induction in various cell types. An inhibitor of the caspase/interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme blocked isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis without inhibiting the JNK activation, which suggests that JNK activation by isothiocyanates is an event that is independent or upstream of the activation of caspase/interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme proteases. PEITC-induced apoptosis was suppressed by interfering with the JNK pathway with a dominant-negative mutant of JNK1 or MEKK1 (JNK1(APF) and MEKK1 (KR), respectively), implying that the JNK pathway is required for apoptotic signaling. Isothiocyanate-induced JNK activation was blocked by the antioxidants 2-mercaptoethanol and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, suggesting that the death signaling was triggered by oxidative stress. Overexpression of Bcl-2 suppressed PEITC-induced JNK activation. In addition, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL suppressed PEITC-induced apoptosis, but failed to protect cells from death induced by overexpression of activated JNK1. These results suggest that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are upstream of JNK. Taken together, our results indicate (i) that JNK mediates PMITC- and PEITC-induced apoptosis and (ii) that PMITC and PEITC may have chemotherapeutic functions besides their chemopreventive functions.
Photovoltaic concentrator module improvements study (1991)

This report presents results of a project to design and fabricate an improved photovoltaic concentrator module. Using previous work as a baseline, this study conducted analyses and testing to select major module components and design features. The lens parquet and concentrator solar cell were selected from the highest performing, available components. A single 185X point-focus module was fabricated by the project team and tested at Sandia. Major module characteristics include a 6 by 4 compression-molded acrylic lens parquet (0.737 m{sup 2} area), twenty-four 0.2 ohms-cm, FZ, p-Si solar cells (1.56 cm{sup 2} area) soldered to ceramic substrates and copper heat spreaders, and an aluminized steel housing with corrugated bottom. This project marked the first attempt to use prismatic covers on solar cells in a high-concentration, point-focus application. Cells with 15 percent metallization were obtained, but problems with the fabrication and placement of prismatic covers on these cells lead to the decision not to use covers in the prototype module. Cell assembly fabrication, module fabrication, and module optical design activities are presented here. Test results are also presented for bare cells, cell assemblies, and module. At operating conditions of 981 watts/m{sup 2} DNI and an estimated cell temperature of 65{degrees}C, the module demonstrated an efficiency of 13.9 percent prior to stressed environmental exposure. 12 refs., 56 figs., 7 tabs.
Food Structure Development in Oil and Fat Systems (2019)

Recent advances in the field of lipid science have led to the development of methods through which the nanoscale of lipids can be visualized and characterized. Additionally, the aggregation of these nanoscale crystals and the structures they form can now be examined. These developments, in combination with traditional microscopy techniques, provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of fat crystal networks and how they are formed. This chapter aims to outline the techniques that are available to characterize the structure of fat crystal networks. Furthermore, the use of these methods has allowed for the study of how various factors, both internal and external, affect the crystallization process and the structure of the crystal network formed. This in turn has improved the understanding of how both the nano- and microstructure of a fat crystal network affects the functional properties of a fat system. A more comprehensive understanding of the conditions affecting the crystal structure means that key functional characteristics such as oil binding capacity and rheological properties can be tailored for a variety of applications.
Speech Emotion Recognition using a backward context (2010)

The classification of emotions, such as joy, anger, anxiety, etc. from tonal variations in human speech is an important task for research and applications in human computer interaction. In the preceding work, it has been demonstrated that the locally extracted features of speech match or surpass the performance of global features that has been adopted in current approaches. In this continuing research, a backward context, which also can be considered as a feature vector memory, is shown to improve the prediction accuracy of the Speech Emotion Recognition engine. Preliminary results on German emotional speech database illustrate significant improvements over results from the previous study.
The expression of a small heat shock gene is activated during induction of tobacco pollen embryogenesis by starvation* (1995)

ABSTRACT A tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) cDNA clone, Nthsp 18P , encoding a class I low‐molecular‐weight heat shock protein (LMW HSP), has been isolated from a mid‐biccllular pollen cDNA library by hcterologous hybridization with a low‐molecular‐weight heat shock cDNA clone of alfalfa. Northern analysis showed that Nthsp 18P expression is activated at normal temperature during the dehydration phase of in situ pollen development, just before anthesis. Induction of pollen embryogenesis by an in vitro starvation treatment of mid‐bicellular tobacco pollen was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the levels of the Nthsp 18P transcript, which accumulated in embryogenic pollen grains at 25°C; lower levels of this transcript were also detected in early pollen‐derived embryos. A similar pattern of expression was observed in transgcnic tobacco plants containing the promoter of Gmhsp 17.3‐B , a soybean homologue of the Nthsp 18P gene, fused to the GUS reporter gene. This is the first characterized gene shown to be transcriptionally activated during the induction of pollen embryogenesis.
Magnetic and Electric Hotspots with Silicon Nanodimers (2015)

The study of the resonant behavior of silicon nanostructures provides a new route for achieving efficient control of both electric and magnetic components of light. We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that enhancement of localized electric and magnetic fields can be achieved in a silicon nanodimer. For the first time, we experimentally observe hotspots of the magnetic field at visible wavelengths for light polarized across the nanodimer's primary axis, using near-field scanning optical microscopy.
In Cold Domain (1994)

This is a comic novel about a family. Four children persist in visiting their mother at Cold Demesnes - much to her irritation. Indeed, whenever any of them cross her, she pulls out yet another plant from the beautiful garden which is the emblem, for them, of their blissful childhood.
Book report (2014)

Title: Promoting Confidence in Electronic Commerce: Legal Issues on International Use of Electronic Authentication and Signature Methods Date and place of publication: Vienna, 2009 Publisher: United Nations, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law ISBN number: 978 92 1 133663 4Title: Electronic Signatures in Law Author: Stephen Mason Date and place of publication: Cambridge, 2012 Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN number: 978-1-107-01229-5
The Price of Tags in Protein Localization Studies (2012)

dynamics of fluorescently labeled proteins has had a huge impact in understanding the organization of DNA, RNA, and protein complexes in all cells, particularly in bacteria, which do not have many features visible by electron microscopic methods (17). Yet the fluorescent protein tags used for live cell imaging, as well as small epitope tags used for purification and/or immunolocalization, are a double-edged sword. There have always been suspicions that tags could cause localization artifacts, but these suspicions usually remain just that, as publishing a paper that claims a previous localization pattern as an artifact requires an extra measure of proof, not just negative data. Swulius and Jensen, in an article in this issue (26), have obtainedpreciselythestrongconfirmatoryevidenceneededtorefute somepreviouspublishedlocalizationpatterns.Byusingcryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) on Escherichia coli cells producing a tagged and untagged protein, they show that MreB, the bacterial actin homolog required for cylindrical cell wall growth, does not localizeasahelixunlessitistaggedwithyellowfluorescentprotein (YFP) at its N terminus. This is important because several papers had shown beautiful helical patterns of fluorescence using YFPMreB in E. coli (21, 33‐35). Images from immunofluorescence microscopy of native MreB proteins using anti-MreB did not differ significantly from this helical pattern, so the live cell data were not questioned. Finally, it was very satisfying esthetically that a relatively stable actin cable network was the organized scaffold needed to direct and orient cell wall biosynthesis. It was hard to believethatthesestrongpatternswerenotreal,andconsequently, these patterns, including MreB rings that flanked the E. coli septal ring, were assumed to be physiologically relevant by many. In Bacillus subtilis, functional green fluorescent protein (GFP)tagged MreB homologs also formed helix-like filaments and moved along helical tracks (4), consistent with immunofluorescence data (13), in support of the general helical model. MreB’s helical facade began to crack last year with the publica
2011 Compendium of Physical Activities (2011)

The Compendium is used globally to quantify the energy cost of PA in adults for surveillance activities, research studies, and, in clinical settings, to write PA recommendations and to assess energy expenditure in individuals. The 2011 Compendium is an update of a system for quantifying the energy cost of adult human PA and is a living document that is moving in the direction of being 100% evidence based.