gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I)-Specific T Cell Responses from Seronegative and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Negative Persons Exposed to HTLV-I (1994)

Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a human retrovirus etiologically linked to adult T cell leukemia and the progressive chronic neurologic disease HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Described is a method that measures the production of interleukin-2 from HTLV-I synthetic peptide-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of HTLV-I-infected persons. The peptides correspond to immunogenic regions of the HTLV-I Env and Tax proteins. Significantly, this assay demonstrated T cell responses to these HTLV-I peptides from coded PBL samples in 7 of 19 HTLV-I-seronegative polymerase chain reaction-negative persons known to have been exposed to HTLV-I but in none of 16 matched controls without risk factors for exposure (P = .007). The implications of this finding are discussed.
Scalable protection for MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (2005)

The newly adopted MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (FGS) video coding standard offers easy and flexible adaptation to varying network bandwidths and different application needs. Encryption for FGS should preserve such adaptation capabilities and enable intermediate stages to process encrypted data directly without decryption. In this paper, we propose two novel encryption algorithms for MPEG-4 FGS that meet these requirements. The first algorithm encrypts an FGS stream (containing both the base and the enhancement layers) into a single access layer and preserves the original fine granularity scalability and error resilience performance in an encrypted stream. The second algorithm encrypts an FGS stream into multiple quality layers divided according to either peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) or bit rates, with lower quality layers being accessible and reusable by a higher quality layer of the same type, but not vice versa. Both PSNR and bit-rate layers are supported simultaneously so a layer of either type can be selected on the fly without decryption. The base layer for the second algorithm may be unencrypted to allow free view of the content at low-quality or content-based search of a video database without decryption. Both algorithms are fast, error-resilient, and have negligible compression overhead. The same approach can be applied to other scalable multimedia formats.
Blockade of Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness by Inhibition of BLT2, a Low-Affinity Leukotriene B4 Receptor (2009)

BLT2 is a low-affinity receptor for leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), a potent lipid mediator of inflammation generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Unlike BLT1, a high-affinity receptor for LTB(4), no clear physiological function has yet been identified for BLT2, especially with regard to the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BLT2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. A murine model of allergic asthma was used to evaluate the role of BLT2 in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The levels of BLT2 mRNA and its ligand, LTB(4), in the lung airway were highly elevated after ovalbumin challenge, and down-regulation of BLT2 with antisense BLT2 oligonucleotides markedly attenuated airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Further analysis, aimed at identifying mediators downstream of BLT2, revealed that BLT2 activation led to elevation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB, thus inducing the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, which is known to be involved in eosinophil infiltration into the lung airway. Together, our results suggest that BLT2 plays a pivotal, mediatory role in the pathogenesis of asthma, acting through a "reactive oxygen species-NF-kappaB"-linked inflammatory signaling pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Oleanane Triterpenoids: A Series of Highly Active Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Production in Mouse Macrophages. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular characterization of a novel human natural killer cell receptor homologous to mouse 2B4 (1999)

Natural killer (NK) cells spontaneously detect and kill cancerous and virally infected cells through receptors that transduce either activating or inhibiting signals. The majority of well studied NK receptors are involved in inhibitory signaling. However, we have previously described an activating receptor, 2B4, expressed on all murine NK cells and a subset of T cells that mediate non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted killing. Anti-2B4 monoclonal antibodies directed against IL-2-activated NK cells enhanced their destruction of tumor cells. Recently, we determined binding of 2B4 to CD48 with a much higher affinity than CD2 to CD48. Here we describe the molecular characterization of a cDNA clone homologous to mouse 2B4, isolated from a human NK cell library. The cDNA clone contained an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide chain of 365 amino acid residues. The predicted protein sequence showed 70% similarity to murine 2B4. Additionally, it has 48, 45, and 43% similarity to human CD84, CDw150 (SLAM), and CD48, respectively. RNA blot analysis indicates the presence of 3 kb and 5 kb transcripts in T- and NK-cell lines. A single transcript of 3 kb is identified in poly(A)+ RNA from human spleen, peripheral blood leukocytes, and lymph node, whereas, the level of expression in bone marrow and fetal liver was indeterminate. Preliminary functional data suggests that NK-cell interaction with target cells via 2B4 modulates human NK-cell cytolytic activity.
Solid-State Thermal Rectifier (2006)

We demonstrated nanoscale solid-state thermal rectification. High-thermal-conductivity carbon and boron nitride nanotubes were mass-loaded externally and inhomogeneously with heavy molecules. The resulting nanoscale system yields asymmetric axial thermal conductance with greater heat flow in the direction of decreasing mass density. The effect cannot be explained by ordinary perturbative wave theories, and instead we suggest that solitons may be responsible for the phenomenon. Considering the important role of electrical rectifiers (diodes) in electronics, thermal rectifiers have substantial implications for diverse thermal management problems, ranging from nanoscale calorimeters to microelectronic processors to macroscopic refrigerators and energy-saving buildings.
Abstract 2719: MM-141, a novel bispecific antibody co-targeting IGF-1R and ErbB3, blocks ligand-induced signaling and demonstrates antitumor activity (2012)

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies have significantly advanced our ability to treat cancer, but most patients do not show durable responses to therapy. This, in part, can be explained by the tumor cells responding to two or more growth factors in a redundant fashion. We show that cancer cell lines frequently rely on Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and Heregulin (HRG) signaling to support their survival and proliferation. Using a Network Biology approach, we have designed, constructed and optimized a novel bispecific antibody, MM-141, for co-targeting of ErbB3 and IGF-1R. MM-141 blocks IGF-1, IGF-2, and HRG binding to IGF1R and ErbB3, and causes downregulation of these receptors. MM-141 inhibits phosphorylation of IGF1R and ErbB3 as well as downstream activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. In our in vitro and in vivo testing, MM-141 displays potency in the presence of single or multiple ligands, over a broad range of receptor profiles. Inhibition of growth by MM-141 has been observed in vitro as well as in vivo in multiple xenograft models including human pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) and human prostate cancer (DU145). MM-141 does not bind the insulin receptor, thus reducing the risk of metabolic side effects. Our in vivo and in vitro studies reveal that MM-141 has favorable pharmaceutical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles. We are advancing MM-141 into preclinical development. Taken together, these results suggest that MM-141 has the potential to be an effective therapeutic for treatment of patients with solid tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2719. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2719
Using menu-based natural language understanding to avoid problems associated with traditional natural language interfaces to databases (transportable, update, nlmenu) (1984)

Recently, a new paradigm for natural language interfaces has been developed called menu-based natural language understanding. An implemented system called the NLMENU system has been designed to explore this approach. The approach has the advantage of guiding the user to use a limited subset of natural language in specifying commands and queries so that all inputs to the NLMENU system are understood.
The central thesis of this dissertation is that a guided approach to using limited natural language allows several problems associated with conventional natural language interfaces to databases to be avoided. Three important problems are considered. The first problem involves value recognition. NLMENU interaction experts provide a simple, inexpensive way to recognize, disambiguate and validate database values that occur in user queries or commands and support the user in specifying values in queries at query composition time in a way that conventional natural language systems cannot. The second problem involves allowing end users to automatically generate usable natural language interfaces to database applications. In contrast to conventional natural language interface generators, automatically generated NLMENU interfaces are immediately usable without a long empirical lexicon acquisition phase. The third problem involves showing that the tight control possible in the NLMENU approach can allow expressive database updates while disallowing semantically anomalous ones.
<title>Characterization of the DOIS prototype: a diffractive optic image spectrometer</title> (1996)

A diffractive optic image spectrometer has been designed and prototyped. Three dimensional spectral/spatial DOE imaging theory has been developed to simulate DOIS performance. The system's point spread function has been theoretically modeled and experimentally determined. The prototype has been characterized and demonstrated with a variety of targets. Three deconvolution algorithms have been implemented with the experimental 3D OTF and applied to recorded target images. The results shown demonstrate the high resolving power available with this approach.
Transient Gain Spectroscopy in the Potent Single-Exciton Regime of Dense II-VI Colloidal Quantum Dot Films (2013)

We have reached the long-sought single exciton gain regime in dense colloidal II-VI semiconductor quantum dot films. Transient spectroscopy details their exciton dynamics, informing further development of single material based lasers across the visible.
Computational light field display for correcting visual aberrations (2013)

We create a computational light field display that corrects for visual aberrations. This new method enables better image resolution and higher image contrast. The prototype is built using readily available off-the-shelf components and has a thin form factor for mobile devices.
A Critical Appraisal of the Continuous Glucose–Error Grid Analysis (2007)

In a recent publication, Wentholt et al. (1) stated that their aim was to critically explore the continuous glucose–error grid analysis (CG-EGA) (2) and to compare it with traditional techniques using data previously reported from two sensors. As developers of the CG-EGA, we hoped that our method might stimulate a discussion on the important problem of the accuracy of continuous monitoring sensors (CGS); therefore, we read this critique with interest.

The methods used by Wentholt et al. (1) unfortunately failed to take into account the basic structure of CGS data, which represent time series (i.e., sequential readings that are ordered in time) (3). This structure leads to two fundamental requirements in their analysis. First, consecutive sensor readings taken from the same subject within a relatively short time are highly interdependent. Therefore, standard statistical analyses such as t tests, while appropriate …
<title>TIR lenses for fluorescent lamps</title> (1995)

The total internal reflection lens has been successfully applied to the efficient collimation of light from incandescent lamps and light-emitting diodes, and it is currently being marketed in several retail products. These circularly symmetric designs operated with relatively small sources. Two new forms of the TIR lens have been designed, and prototypes fabricated, for forming beams from fluorescent lamps. The toroidal fluorescent lamp is formed by circularly sweeping a faceted profile about its outer edge. A 5 inch diameter prototype lens has been diamond turned, and has 80% efficiency. When covering a 2.5 inch toroidal source of 0.25 inch minor diameter, it forms a smooth structureless beam of 40 degrees FWHM. The linear TIR lens has a faceted profile that is extended in cylindrical symmetry. In conjunction with a planar back mirror, a 6 inch diameter lens collects 85% of the light from a 5/8 inch lamp. The full width at half maximum is 30 degrees transversely and 120 degrees longitudinally, in a stripe pattern with twin peaks at +/- 47 degrees parallel to the lamp axis. These designs are applicable to other tubular light sources: discharge lamps, such as aircraft strobes and camera flashlamps, as well as neon lamps. They offer greater efficiency, narrower beamwidths, and much more compact profiles than conventional relfector designs.
Hybrid Ontology-Based Information Extraction for Automated Text Grading (2013)

Although automatic text grading systems have reached an accuracy level comparable to human grading, with successful commercial and research implementations (e.g., Latent Semantic Analysis), these systems can provide limited feedback about which statements of the text are incorrect and why they are incorrect. In the present work, we propose the use of a hybrid Ontology-based Information Extraction (OBIE) system to identify both correct and incorrect statements by combining extraction rules and machine learning based information extractors. Experiments show that given 77 student answers to a Cell Biology final exam question, our hybrid system can identify both correct and incorrect statements with high precision and recall measures.
A New Selective Medium for <i>Streptococcus mutans </i>and the Distribution of <i>S. mutans </i>and <i>S. sobrinus </i>and Their Serotypes in Dental Plaque (2003)

A new selective medium (MS-MUT) was developed for the isolation of Streptococcus mutans from clinical specimens. The average growth recovery of S. mutans on MS-MUT medium was 72.4% of that on MS medium. Growth of Streptococcus sobrinus was significantly inhibited on the medium with an average recovery of 0.034%. In 103 subjects, S. MUTANS was detected at 58.3, 75.0 and 95.7% in the dental plaque of caries-free (CF), caries-inactive (CI) and caries-active (CA) subjects, respectively. S. sobrinus was detected in 8.3, 13.6 and 38.3% of CF, CI and CA subjects, respectively. S. sobrinus alone was detected in only 4.3% of CA subjects. The subjects in whom neither S. mutans nor S. sobrinus were detected were 41.6% in CF and 25.0% in CI. The most predominant serotype was C with a 67% detection rate. S. sobrinus, serotypes D or G were usually found together with S. mutans.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Iodoaminoimidazole Arabinoside (IAIA): A Potential Reductive Metabolite of the Spect Imaging Agent, Iodoazomycin Arabinoside (IAZA). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The First Vanadium Aluminophosphates: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of Cs[(VO)Al(PO4)2] · H2O, Rb[(VO)Al(PO4)2] · H2O, (NH3CH2CH2NH2)[(VO)Al(PO4)2], and CH3NH3[(VO)Al(PO4)2] (1996)

The first vanadium aluminophosphates, Cs[(VO)Al(PO4)2] · H2O (1), Rb[(VO)Al(PO4)2] · H2O (2), (NH3CH2CH2NH2)[(VO)Al(PO4)2] (3), and CH3NH3[(VO)Al(PO4)2] (4), have been hydrothermally prepared from a vanadium source, AlCl3· 6H2O, H3PO4, H2O, and a charge compensating organic species. The phosphates are built up from tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum and phosphorous atoms; phosphates (1), (2), and (3) contain octahedrally coordinated vanadium atoms, and phosphate (4) contains a square pyramidal vanadium atom. The frameworks in phosphates (1)–(4) are structurally related and incorporate cations of similar size and charge. In phosphate (3) the 1-aminoethane-2-ammonium cation is bonded through the nitrogen to the vanadium as a monodentate ligand, providing the sixth vertex of the vanadium octahedron, with the other five present as oxygen atoms. In phosphates (1), (2), and (4), the Cs+, Rb+, and methylammonium cations, respectively, replace the charge compensating organic ligand present in phosphate (3). The four phosphates are conceptually constructed of one-dimensional aluminophosphate chains connected into three-dimensional frameworks via vanadium polyhedra that corner share to the phosphate tetrahedra. The Al is oxo bridged only to P5+with no Al–O–V bonds present. Crystal data for (1): monoclinic, space groupP21/n(#14) witha= 8.014(2),b= 8.088(2),c= 14.141(2) Å, β = 105.98(1)°,V= 881.2(4) Å3,Z= 4,Dcalc= 3.262 g · cm−3; for (2): monoclinic, space groupP21/n(#14) witha= 7.880(2),b= 8.063(2),c= 14.062(2) Å, β = 105.83(1)°,V= 859.5(3) Å3,Z= 4,Dcalc= 2.977 g · cm−3; for (3): monoclinic, space groupP21/n(#14) witha= 8.172(2),b= 14.232(2),c= 8.873(1) Å, β = 109.88(1)°,V= 970.5(2) Å3,Z= 4,Dcalc= 2.299 g · cm−3; for (4): triclinic, space groupP1 (#2) witha= 8.151(1),b= 8.784(2),c= 7.842(2), α = 116.22(2)°, β = 95.88(2)°, γ = 69.16(1)°,V= 469.7(2) Å3,Z= 2,Dcalc= 2.191 g · cm−3.
Spin-transfer torque in nanoscale magnetic devices (2011)

We discuss recent highlights from research at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, regarding the use of spin-transfer torques to control magnetic moments in nanoscale ferromagnetic devices. We highlight progress on reducing the critical currents necessary to produce spin-torque-driven magnetic switching, quantitative measurements of the magnitude and direction of the spin torque in magnetic tunnel junctions, and single-shot measurements of the magnetic dynamics generated during thermally assisted spin-torque switching.
Control of Avian Mycoplasma Infections in Commercial Poultry (2008)

Control of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas can consist of one of three general approaches: Maintaining flocks free of infection, medication, or vaccination. Maintaining flocks free of pathogenic mycoplasmas consists of maintaining replacements from mycoplasma-free sources in a single-age, all-in all-out management system. Good biosecurity and an effective monitoring system are necessary aspects of this program. Medication can be very useful in preventing clinical signs and lesions, as well as economic losses, but cannot be used to eliminate infection from a flock and is therefore not a satisfactory long-term solution. Vaccination against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or M. synoviae (MS) can be a useful long-term solution in situations where maintaining flocks free of infection is not feasible, especially on multi-age commercial egg production sites.
Lloyd's mirror interference lithography using a single mode fiber spatial filter (2012)

In this paper, a simple but stable laboratory scale laser interference lithography(LIL) system by using a single mode optical fiber (SMF) as a spatial filter, flexible beam transport path, and beam expander has been demonstrated. The linearly polarized light from a HeCd laser (λ=325nm) was coupled into one end of a UV SMF and used the expanding beam from the other end for LIL exposures using a Lloyd's mirror configuration. By using the output of the fiber as the source for the LIL system, the effects of pointing stability of the laser are eliminated. Although the SMF was not Polarization Maintaining (PM), the fiber could stably preserve the linear polarization of the light with I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TE</sub> :I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sub> >;100. In this system, the gratings were produced easily in photoresist with a period of 220nm over an area of several square centimeters. Exposure times over 10 minutes with expanded beams result in high contrast patterns without any need for any active feed-back or fringe-locking.
Navy Fuel Composition and Screening Tool (FCAST) v.2.5 (2014)

Abstract : The high cost and limited availability of emerging alternatives fuels is often a major impediment to certification of these fuels as Fit-For-Purpose (FFP) for the U.S. Navy. A method whereby a candidate fuel could be rapidly screened for many FFP properties, using a minimal volume ( 1 mL), would overcome this limitation. In order to meet this challenge, algorithmic modeling strategies were derived that established the statistical relationships between composition and critical FFP fuel properties. This has allowed us to develop partial least squares (PLS) models based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data that predict fuel properties. The Fuel Composition and Screening Tool (FCAST) was developed as a general fuel screening tool that combines GC-MS based property predictions with a compositional profiler to provide a variety of useful information about a fuel sample.
Optically-pumped long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with high modulation bandwidth (2005)

Optically-pumped long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been fabricated exhibiting more than 2mW over 20–70°C, and 1.25mW at 85°C. Small-signal modulation measurements on the VCSEL at 20°C indicate a 3dB bandwidth of 14.8GHz at an output power of 2mW. The VCSELs have a narrow spectral width suitable for data transmission over single-mode fiber. The good temperature performance of the VCSEL is maintained in a suspended configuration that would allow monolithic integration.
Amount of Pannexin 1 in Smooth Muscle Cells Regulates Sympathetic Nerve–Induced Vasoconstriction (2022)

These data suggest Panx1 in SMCs could regulate the extent of sympathetic nerve constriction and blood pressure. The results also show the feasibility humanized Panx1-mouse models to test pharmacological candidates.
Increased Output-Pressure PMUTs with a Sloped Profile Fabricated via Surface Micromachining (2018)

This study demonstrates a new surface micromachining process capable of forming AIN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) having a sloped profile. Similar to earlier curved PMUT structures, the sloped profile increases the electromechanical coupling of the piezoelectric layer, leading to a three-fold enhancement in transmission amplitude. Unlike earlier curved PMUTs which were fabricated using complicated etching processes, the process demonstrated here is a simple surface micromachining process that is compatible with mass production processes used for industrial PMUT manufacture. Moreover, the quality factor can be improved by sloped-anchor of diaphragm with less anchor-loss.