gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Decoding Algorithms for the Compute-and-Forward Strategy (2014)

We address in this paper decoding aspects of the Compute-and-Forward (CF) physical-layer network coding strategy. It is known that the original decoder for the CF is asymptotically optimal. However, its performance gap to optimal decoders in practical settings are still not known. In this work, we develop and assess the performance of novel decoding algorithms for the CF operating in the multiple access channel. For the fading channel, we analyze the ML decoder and develop a novel diophantine approximation-based decoding algorithm showed numerically to outperform the original CF decoder. For the Gaussian channel, we investigate the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder. We derive a novel MAP decoding metric and develop practical decoding algorithms proved numerically to outperform the original one.
Solubility Considerations and Design of Controlled Release Dosage Forms (2000)

The presentation describes four different approaches taken at SB for developing controlled release dosage forms. 1. A buffer-based, membrane-coated dosage form was developed for a potent anti-hypertensive agent, which has a poor solubility above pH=4 and undergoing extensive first pass metabolism on oral administration. 2. Buffer crystals were polymer coated, drug layered by a slurry process and then over-coated with a more permeable polymer blend. These capsule formulations provide in vitro release rates of 30-50 mg/hr for 6-8 hrs. 3. Marumerized matrix beads containing a thrombolytic agent were coated with semi-permeable and enteric polymers. Mixtures of uncoated and differently coated beads were filled into capsules, thus providing distinctly different pulsatile release profiles. 3. A novel easy-to-scale up and cost effective CR technology (capsule and bilayer tablets) based on dry granulation and Thermal Infusion Process was developed for drug substances with an aqueous solubility varying from 1 mg/ml to 1-2 g/ml. 4. Multi-tablet dosage forms based on wet granulation and membrane coating, exhibiting pulsatile release profiles are also described.
Structural Basis of Protein Kinetic Stability:  Resistance to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Suggests a Central Role for Rigidity and a Bias Toward β-Sheet Structure (2004)

The term kinetic stability is used to describe proteins that are trapped in a specific conformation because of an unusually high-unfolding barrier that results in very slow unfolding rates. Motivated by the observation that some proteins are resistant to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-induced denaturation, an attempt was made to determine whether this property is a result of kinetic stability. We studied many proteins, including a few kinetically stable proteins known to be resistant to SDS. The resistance to SDS-induced denaturation was investigated by comparing the migration on polyacrylamide gels of identical boiled and unboiled protein samples containing SDS. On the basis of the different migration of these samples, eight proteins emerged as being resistant to SDS. The kinetic stability of these proteins was confirmed by their slow unfolding rate upon incubation in guanidine hydrochloride. Further studies showed that these proteins were also extremely resistant to proteolysis by proteinase K, suggesting that a common mechanism may account for their resistance to SDS and proteolytic cleavage. Together, these observations suggest that a rigid protein structure may be the physical basis for kinetic stability and that resistance to SDS may serve as a simple assay for identifying proteins whose native conformations are kinetically trapped. Remarkably, most of the kinetically stable SDS-resistant proteins in this study are oligomeric beta-sheet proteins, suggesting a bias of these types of structures toward kinetic stability.
General method for ultrashort light pulse chirp measurement (1989)

Conditions to retrieve pulse intensity and chirp from autocorrelation signals are mathematically discussed. The interferometric SHG autocorrelation signal and the interferogram of fundamental light are shown to be a sufficient data set for the pulseform retrieval. This measurement scheme is experimentally demonstrated on laser diode pulses. The method utilizes Fourier analysis of the signals and iterative calculations, and is especially suited to the measurement of pulses having weak peak intensity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An observer evaluation of digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction methods in clinical cases (2011)

Poster: ECR 2011 / C-2330 / An observer evaluation of digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction methods in clinical cases by: A. Jerebko 1, C. Hofmann1, D. Fornvik2, P. Timberg2, N. Uchiyama3, C. Van Ongeval4, A. Van Steen4, S. Zackrisson2, I. Andersson2; 1Erlangen/DE, 2Malmoe/SE, 3Tokyo/JP, 4Leuven/BE
High‐Nickel NMA: A Cobalt‐Free Alternative to NMC and NCA Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2020)

High-nickel LiNi<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>y</sub> Mn<sub>x</sub> Co<sub>y</sub> O<sub>2</sub> (NMC) and LiNi<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>y</sub> Co<sub>x</sub> Al<sub>y</sub> O<sub>2</sub> (NCA) are the cathode materials of choice for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Both NMC and NCA contain cobalt, an expensive and scarce metal generally believed to be essential for their electrochemical performance. Herein, a high-Ni LiNi<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>y</sub> Mn<sub>x</sub> Al<sub>y</sub> O<sub>2</sub> (NMA) cathode of desirable electrochemical properties is demonstrated benchmarked against NMC, NCA, and Al-Mg-codoped NMC (NMCAM) of identical Ni content (89 mol%) synthesized in-house. Despite a slightly lower specific capacity, high-Ni NMA operates at a higher voltage by ≈40 mV and shows no compromise in rate capability relative to NMC and NCA. In pouch cells paired with graphite, high-Ni NMA outperforms both NMC and NCA and only slightly trails NMCAM and a commercial cathode after 1000 deep cycles. Further, the superior thermal stability of NMA to NMC, NCA, and NMCAM is shown using differential scanning calorimetry. Considering the flexibility in compositional tuning and immediate synthesis scalability of high-Ni NMA very similar to NCA and NMC, this study opens a new space for cathode material development for next-generation high-energy, cobalt-free Li-ion batteries.
The plant cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor ICK1 has distinct functional domains for <i>in vivo</i> kinase inhibition, protein instability and nuclear localization (2003)

Summary Interactor/inhibitor 1 of Cdc2 kinase (ICK1) from Arabidopsis thaliana is the first plant cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, and overexpression of ICK1 inhibits CDK activity, cell division and plant growth in transgenic plants. In this study, ICK1 and deletion mutants were expressed either alone or as green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Deletion of the C‐terminal 15 or 29 amino acids greatly reduced or completely abolished the effects of ICK1 on the transgenic plants, and recombinant proteins lacking the C‐terminal residues lost the ability to bind to CDK complex and the kinase inhibition activity, demonstrating the role of the conserved C‐terminal domain in in vivo kinase inhibition. In contrast, the mutant ICK1 ΔN108 with the N‐terminal 108 residues deleted had much stronger effects on plants than the full‐length ICK1. Analyses demonstrated that this effect was not because of an enhanced ability of ICK1 ΔN108 protein to inhibit CDK activity, but a result of a much higher level of ICK1 ΔN108 protein in the plants, indicating that the N‐terminal domain contains a sequence or element increasing protein instability in vivo . Furthermore, GFP‐ICK1 protein was restricted to the nuclei in roots of transgenic plants, even with the C‐terminal or the N‐terminal domain deleted, suggesting that a sequence in the central domain of ICK1 is responsible for nuclear localization. These results provide mechanistic understanding about the function and regulation of this cell cycle regulator in plants.
MID and UspA1/A2 of the human respiratory pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis, and interactions with the human host as basis for vaccine development. (2006)

Moraxella catarrhalis IgD-binding protein MID is a 200 kDa autotransporter protein that exists as a oligomer and is governed at the transcriptional level. The majority of M. catarrhalis clinical isolates expresses MID. Two functional domains have been attributed to MID; MID764-913 functions as an adhesin and promotes the bacteria to attach to epithelial cells, whereas the IgD-binding domain is located within MID962-1200. In parallel, MID is stimulatory for B lymphocytes through the IgD B cell receptor. M. catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins A1 and A2 (UspA1/A2) are multifunctional outer membrane proteins that can bind complement and extracellular matrix proteins such as vitronectin and fibronectin. An interaction between the complement fluid phase regulator of the classical pathway, C4b binding protein (C4BP), and UspA1/A2 has also been observed. Moreover, UspA1/A2 has a unique feature to interfere with the innate immune system of complement by binding C3. Taken together, a growing body of knowledge on M. catarrhalis outer membrane proteins MID and UspA1/A2 and their precise interactions with the human host make them promising vaccine candidates in a future multicomponent vaccine.
Verification of a Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant Self-Stabilizing Protocol for Clock Synchronization (2008)

This paper presents the mechanical verification of a simplified model of a rapid byzantine-fault-tolerant self-stabilizing protocol for distributed clock synchronization systems. This protocol does not rely on any assumptions about the initial state of the system except for the presence of sufficient good nodes, thus making the weakest possible assumptions and producing the strongest results. This protocol tolerates bursts of transient failures, and deterministically converges within a time bound that is a linear function of the self-stabilization period. A simplified model of the protocol is verified using the symbolic model verifier (SMV). The system under study consists of 4 nodes, where at most one of the nodes is assumed to be Byzantine faulty. The model checking effort is focused on verifying correctness of the simplified model of the protocol in the presence of a permanent byzantine fault as well as confirmation of claims of determinism and linear convergence with respect to the self-stabilization period. Although model checking results of the simplified model of the protocol confirm the theoretical predictions, these results do not necessarily confirm that the protocol solves the general case of this problem. Modeling challenges of the protocol and the system are addressed. A number of abstractions are utilized in order to reduce the state space.
Study on discharge stability of cost-effective driving method based on V/sub t/ close-curve analysis in AC plasma-display panel (2006)

A new cost-effective driving method that can drive plasma-display panel cells without applying any driving waveform to the common electrode is proposed based on a V/sub t/ close-curve analysis. In this driving method, it is very important to prevent a misfiring discharge due to the inversion of the polarity of the wall charges accumulated between the scan and address electrodes. The measured V/sub t/ close-curve showed that a misfiring discharge caused by the polarity inversion phenomenon of the wall charges on the scan and address electrode could be prevented by minimizing the potential difference between the scan and address electrodes by applying a positive auxiliary pulse to the address electrode, especially while applying the positive sustain pulse during a sustain period. As a result, the proposed cost-effective driving method can reduce the driving cost by about 20% through eliminating the common driving board and successfully display various image patterns, such as the white, red, green, and blue patterns, on a 42-in plasma television without any misfiring discharge.
A novel method to recycle mixed cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (2013)

The rechargeable lithium ion (Li-ion) battery market was $11.8 billion in 2011 and is expected to increase to $50 billion by 2020. With developments in consumer electronics as well as hybrid and electric vehicles, Li-ion batteries demand will continue to increase. However, Li-ion batteries are not widely recycled because currently it is not economically justifiable (in contrast, at present more than 97% lead-acid batteries are recycled). So far, no commercial methods are available to recycle Li-ion batteries with different cathode chemistries economically and efficiently. Considering our limited resources, environmental impact, and national security, Li-ion batteries must be recycled. A new low temperature methodology with high efficiency is proposed in order to recycle Li-ion batteries economically and thus commercially feasible regardless of cathode chemistry. The separation and synthesis of cathode materials (the most valuable material in Li-ion batteries) from the recycled components are the main focus of this study. The results show that the developed recycling process is practical with high recovery efficiencies, and that it is viable for commercial adoption.
Gradiometry-free noise suppression in RF atomic magnetometers (2018)

We demonstrate the sensitivity of a sensor based on an optically-pumped radio-frequency (RF) atomic magnetometer to the polarization state of the detected RF magnetic field, and measure $>$36 dB difference in amplitude sensitivity for opposite circular field polarizations. This sensitivity could be used to create novel sensors that would allow signal detection while suppressing the ambient noise, regardless of the distance between the sources of signal and noise, in contrast to traditional gradiometry configurations. Additionally, such sensor will be orientation-sensitive, as the phase of the detected signal is shown to depend on the angle between the sensor's detection axis and the direction to the transmitter.
Selective spectral displacement projection for multifrequency MRE (2013)

We introduce a new motion encoding concept for the displacement vector in multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). Selective spectral displacement projection (SDP)-MRE can be applied to a vibration spectrum composed of three frequencies and exploits the filter condition of MRE for selecting one frequency each per spatial motion encoding direction. The selected components are simultaneously encoded in the phase of the MR signal. Therefore, the total MR phase is represented by a sum of phase portions, each corresponding to a distinct spatial projection and vibration frequency. The individual components can be obtained by applying a Fourier-transform to the temporally resolved phase images. SDP-MRE reduces the number of temporally resolved MRE experiments for data acquisition by a factor of 3, while providing similar wave images as found using conventional monofrequency MRE.
Highly stable Li-doped MgO catalyst for oxidative conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons (1991)

A Li-doped MgO catalyst, when prepared by impregnation of magnesium acetate with aqueous lithium acetate (with a Li to Mg molar ratio of 0.1 : 1) followed by calcination in air at 750 ° C, shows no change in its initial high activity and selectivity in oxidative conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons, for a long period.
STATISTICAL PRECISION OF NEUTRON-INDUCED GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS (1987)

With the increased use of neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy in the borehole environment, it is becoming more important for the user to understand the statistics of the measurement. The statistics of both inelastic and capture induced radiation are affected by parameters such as borehole size and salinity, formation sigma, neutron burst timing, and casing. By understanding how these parameters af feet the statistical uncertainty, logging conditions can sometimes be optimized to produce better results. For example, the statistical uncertainty of the inelastic carbon-to-oxygen ratio is affected by the salinity in the borehole because of the increased capture background that is associated with the chlorine. Even t bough the saltwater does not affect the value of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio, it does affect the precision to which it is determined. For the capture measurement, various parameters affect the partitioning of the signal coming from the borehole versus the formation; thus, the statistical uncertainty of the measurements is affected by the magnitude of the borehole correction required. This paper shows how the statistics in the borehole spectroscopic measurement are propagated and how these statistics affect the interpretation models.
Human adenovirus replication in immunocompetent Syrian hamsters can be attenuated with chlorpromazine or cidofovir (2010)

Abstract Background Adenoviruses can cause severe toxicity in children and in immunocompromised adults, and therefore a means to abrogate replication would be useful. With regard to cancer treatment, replication competent oncolytic adenoviruses have been safe in humans, although their efficacy has been variable. Therefore, more effective agents are now entering clinical testing and, consequently, replication‐associated side effects remain a concern. Preclinical analysis of replication related toxicity has been hampered by a lack of permissive models. Therefore, it has been difficult to study modulation of human adenovirus replication in immune competent animals. Methods We investigated four different hamster carcinoma cell lines for transduction and cell killing potency in vitro and in vivo . Gene transfer was assessed using replication‐deficient adenoviruses expressing luciferase. Cell killing was studied in vitro and in vivo using an oncolytic adenovirus that kills tumor cells by viral replication. After the most promising animal model had been selected, abrogation of virus replication was assessed in vitro and in vivo using a TCID 50 assay. Results The results obtained suggest wild‐type adenovirus replication in all four tested Syrian hamster cell lines and also normal organs. Virus replication could be abrogated with chlorpromazine, cidofovir and cytosine arabinoside, and the effect occurred subsequent to nuclear delivery of the viral genome. Attenuation of virus replication also was seen in vivo both in tumors and the liver. Conclusions Syrian hamsters may comprise a valuable immune competent model for evaluating anti‐adenoviral drugs. Furthermore, chlorpromazine or cidofovir might be useful in case of adenovirus replication‐associated symptoms in humans. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Reverberation to Improve Range and Elevation Discrimination for Small Array Sound Source Localization (2010)

Sound source localization (SSL) is an essential task in many applications involving speech capture and enhancement. As such, speaker localization with microphone arrays has received significant research attention. Nevertheless, existing SSL algorithms for small arrays still have two significant limitations: lack of range resolution, and accuracy degradation with increasing reverberation. The latter is natural and expected, given that strong reflections can have amplitudes similar to that of the direct signal, but different directions of arrival. Therefore, correctly modeling the room and compensating for the reflections should reduce the degradation due to reverberation. In this paper, we show a stronger result. If modeled correctly, early reflections can be used to provide more information about the source location than would have been available in an anechoic scenario. The modeling not only compensates for the reverberation, but also significantly increases resolution for range and elevation. Thus, we show that under certain conditions and limitations, reverberation can be used to improve SSL performance. Prior attempts to compensate for reverberation tried to model the room impulse response (RIR). However, RIRs change quickly with speaker position, and are nearly impossible to track accurately. Instead, we build a 3-D model of the room, which we use to predict early reflections, which are then incorporated into the SSL estimation. Simulation results with real and synthetic data show that even a simplistic room model is sufficient to produce significant improvements in range and elevation estimation, tasks which would be very difficult when relying only on direct path signal components.
A Reed-Solomon Code for Disk Storage, and Efficient Recovery Computations for Erasure-Coded Disk Storage (2005)

Reed-Solomon erasure codes provide efficient simple techniques for redundantly encoding information so that the failure of a few disks in a disk array doesn’t compromise the availability of data. This paper presents a technique for constructing a code that can correct up to three errors with a simple, regular encoding, which admits very efficient matrix inversions. It also presents new techniques for efficiently computing the sums of streams of data elements in a finite field, such as is needed in recovering data after a disk failure.
Magnetoelectric memory using orthogonal magnetization states and magnetoelastic switching (2011)

We present here a concept of a memory cell called MELRAM based on a magnetic element with giant magnetostriction, embedded in a piezoelectric matrix. Two equilibrium orientations of magnetization are defined by combining uniaxial anisotropy together with a magnetic polarization in the hard axis direction. Using the piezoelectric matrix, an anisotropic stress is created onto the magnetic element when applying a voltage across electrodes. Thanks to the inverse magnetostrictive effect, the effective anisotropy of the magnetic element is controlled by the applied voltage and used to switch magnetization from one state to the other. Micromagnetic simulations show the effect of applied stress on magnetization and theoretical feasibility of the device. Retrieval of information can be nondestructively made by giant magnetoresistance reading. Details of the principle, simulations, and performance perspectives are discussed.
Rolled-up InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot micro- and nanotube lasers (2010)

This work achieved, for the first time, lasing in rolled-up semiconductor tubes at room temperature. The devices are characterized an ultralow threshold power (~ 4 ¿W), an intrinsic lasing linewidth of ~ 0.2 0.3 nm, and a linear polarization with the electric field parallel to the tube surface.
Intranasal Vaccination: Pharmaceutical Evaluation of the Vaccine Delivery System and Immunokinetic Characteristics of the Immune Responses (1998)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of some pharmaceutical excipients when used for mucosal vaccine formulations and to characterize the achieved immune response. After conducting various pharmaceutical evaluations of the formulations, immunokinetic studies were performed in mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. The kinetics and the characteristics (antibody isotypes, etc.) of the immune response were studied, as well as the induced level of toxin neutralizing IgG antibodies, which are usually used as the only measures of the potency of vaccines. Results in mice show that intranasal vaccination results in a potent and rapid immune response, similar to that seen after subcutaneous immunization. In guinea pigs and rabbits, however, the subcutaneous immunization produced significantly stronger response than did intranasal vaccination. The most promising excipients were found to be either Polysorbate 20 or Cremophor EL in an aqueous mixture together with caprylic/capric glyceride. The results indicate that nontoxic and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients can be used for mucosal vaccination, providing an interesting alternative to parenteral vaccination.