gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysyl oxidase and Maillard reaction‐mediated crosslinks in aging and osteoarthritic rabbit cartilage (1995)

Alterations in the integrity of the extracellular matrix play an important role in osteoarthritis. Matrix crosslinks in articular cartilage of the knee were studied in partially meniscectomized rabbits to compare changes due to osteoarthritis with those occurring during aging. Pyridinoline, a lysyl oxidase-initiated crosslink, and pentosidine, a crosslink formed by the Maillard/glycation reaction, were assayed separately on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A significant increase in the percentage of insoluble collagen was observed in normal 12-month-old rabbits compared with the levels in 3-month-old animals, whereas osteoarthritis was associated with a shift toward more soluble fractions. Total pyridinoline content did not change with age or osteoarthritis. Total pentosidine, however, increased significantly with age but remained constant with osteoarthritis. Analysis of the distribution of crosslinks among solubility fractions indicated a significant shift of pyridinoline from the pepsin-released fraction to the insoluble fraction with osteoarthritis, but no changes were observed with age. Pentosidine distribution shifted toward the pepsin-released fraction in osteoarthritis, with a shift toward the insoluble fraction with age. Because of the low levels of pentosidine present, its precise location, whether collagenous or noncollagenous, remains unclear. However, since pentosidine represents a marker for the overall Maillard reaction, the results of our studies support a role for Maillard reaction products in the aging of extracellular matrix. The shift of pentosidine toward more soluble fractions suggests the presence of matrix degradation and repair in osteoarthritis.
Ethnicity and Drug Therapy for Hypertension (2003)

Physiological and pharmacological responses may be influenced by ethnicity as a result of genetic factors, environmental factors and/or their interaction. This review is divided into 2 parts. Firstly, there will be overview of ethnicity as a determinant of drug metabolism and response with reference to antihypertensive agents. The concept of ethnicity has been applied extensively to the study of hypertension especially in American blacks in whom the hypertension is more common and more aggressive. Thus, the second part of this review will then focus on examining the black-white differences in physiological responses to pharmacological challenge that may provide a link between these models and known ethnic differences in drug responses. We will discuss the hypertension studies that have examined the relative effectiveness of different classes of antihypertensive agents including several recent cardiovascular outcome trials that either have a high proportion of blacks or were conducted entirely in black subjects.
Combined mutations of ASXL1, CBL, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, KRAS, NPM1, NRAS, RUNX1, TET2 and WT1 genes in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias (2010)

Only 14% MDSs but half AMLs had at least two mutations in the genes studied. Based on the observed combinations and exclusions we classified the 12 genes into four classes and propose a highly speculative model that at least a mutation in one of each class is necessary for developing AML with simple or normal karyotype.
Gate-Controlled Atomic Quantum Switch (2004)

An atomic-scale quantum conductance switch is demonstrated that allows us to open and close an electrical circuit by the controlled and reproducible reconfiguration of silver atoms within an atomic-scale junction. The only movable parts of the switch are the contacting atoms. The switch is entirely controlled by an external electrochemical voltage applied to an independent third gate electrode. Controlled switching was performed between a quantized, electrically conducting "on state" exhibiting a conductance of G(0)=2e(2)/h ( approximately 1/12.9 kOmega) or preselectable multiples of this value and an insulating "off state."
An Evaluation of the WOTAN Technique of Inferring Oceanic Winds from Underwater Ambient Sound (1990)

The potential of the WOTAN technique to estimate oceanic winds from underwater ambient sound is thoroughly evaluated. Anemometer winds and sound spectrum levels at 11 frequencies in the range 3–25 kHz from the FASINEX Experiment are used to establish both the frequency and wind speed dependencies of ambient sound. These relationships are then tested using independent data from four other deployments, and found to hold in the deep ocean in the OCEAN STORMS but not in shallow coastal waters. The OCEAN STORMS ambient-sound wind speed estimates are within ±0.5 m s−1 of anemometer values for wind speeds between 4 and 15 m s−1. Causes of differences, including disequilibrium of the surface wave field, are discussed and it is argued that they are no larger than expected. The procedure for processing ambient-sound data is developed. It includes temperature dependent calibration detection of shipping and precipitation contamination, and standardization of measurements to 1 m depth. The latter procedure allows data from different depths and sound speed profiles to be compared. The potential for using the technique on remote platforms is assessed. On-board processing and subsequent despiking and interpolation would result in a continuous wind record. For time scales of 12 hours or longer the results would be very similar to those obtained with an anemometer. Over shorter time scales there may be some important differences.
The use of extended trigrams for contextual word recognition (1996)

This paper proposes a system for offline recognition of hand printed words that makes extensive use of information about trigrams in any given dictionary. The system segments and recognises individual characters then groups them into trigrams which are purged according to information taken from the dictionary. These are converted into strings which are further purged. These strings are then put together to form words which are then checked against the dictionary.
On optimizing replica migration in distributed cloud storage systems (2015)

With the wide adoption of large-scale Internet services and big data, the cloud has become the ideal environment to satisfy the ever-growing storage demand, thanks to its seemingly limitless capacity, high availability and faster access time. In this context, data replication has been touted as the ultimate solution to improve data availability and reduce access time. However, replica placement systems usually need to migrate and create a large number of data replicas over time between and within data centers, incurring a large overhead in terms of network load and availability. In this paper, we propose CRANE, an effiCient Replica migrAtion scheme for distributed cloud Storage systEms. CRANE complements any replica placement algorithm by efficiently managing replica creation in geo-distributed infrastructures by (1) minimizing the time needed to copy the data to the new replica location, (2) avoiding network congestion, and (3) ensuring a minimal availability of the data. Our results show that, compared to swift (the OpenStack project for managing data storage), CRANE is able to minimize up to 30% of the replica creation time and 25% of inter-data center network traffic, while ensuring the minimum required availability of the data.
The zebrafish<i>neckless</i>mutation reveals a requirement for<i>raldh2</i>in mesodermal signals that pattern the hindbrain (2001)

We describe a new zebrafish mutation, neckless, and present evidence that it inactivates retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2, an enzyme involved in retinoic acid biosynthesis. neckless embryos are characterised by a truncation of the anteroposterior axis anterior to the somites, defects in midline mesendodermal tissues and absence of pectoral fins. At a similar anteroposterior level within the nervous system, expression of the retinoic acid receptor a and hoxb4 genes is delayed and significantly reduced. Consistent with a primary defect in retinoic acid signalling, some of these defects in neckless mutants can be rescued by application of exogenous retinoic acid. We use mosaic analysis to show that the reduction in hoxb4 expression in the nervous system is a non-cell autonomous effect, reflecting a requirement for retinoic acid signalling from adjacent paraxial mesoderm. Together, our results demonstrate a conserved role for retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 in patterning the posterior cranial mesoderm of the vertebrate embryo and provide definitive evidence for an involvement of endogenous retinoic acid in signalling between the paraxial mesoderm and neural tube.
Normal rates of cognitive change in successful aging: The Freedom House Study (2005)

We determined the rates of cognitive change associated with twenty individual measures. Participants included 547 noninstitutionalized septuagenarians and octogenarian residents of a comprehensive care retirement community who were studied over three years. Latent growth curves (LGC) of multiple cognitive measures were compared to a LGC model of the rates of change in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). All curves were standardized relative to each variable's baseline distribution. Baseline scores were within their expected normal age-specific ranges. Most measures showed significant rates of change over time. There was also significant variability about those rates, suggesting clinical heterogeneity. Many deteriorated over time, as did ADLs and IADLs. However, performance on some measures improved, consistent with learning effects. The rates of change in two measures, the Executive Interview and the Trail Making Test, were closely related to decline in IADLs. These results suggest that age-related cognitive decline is a dynamic longitudinal process affecting multiple cognitive domains. Heterogeneity in the rates of cognitive change may reflect the summed effects of age and comorbid conditions affecting cognition. Some measures may be ill-suited for measuring age-related changes in cognition, either because they are insensitive to change, or hindered by learning effects. Nonverbal measures appear to be particularly well suited for the prediction of age-related functional decline. These observations are relevant to the definition and diagnosis of "dementing" conditions.
Synthesis of Polyethylene Graft Block Copolymers from Styrene, Butyl Acrylate, and Butadiene (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Polyethylene Graft Block Copolymers from Styrene, Butyl Acrylate, and ButadieneNed B. Bowden, Michaela Dankova, Willy Wiyatno, Craig J. Hawker, and Robert M. WaymouthView Author Information Center for Polymer Interfaces and Macromolecular Assemblies, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 25, 9246–9248Publication Date (Web):November 8, 2002Publication History Received5 April 2002Published online8 November 2002Published inissue 3 December 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma020544ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma020544grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views845Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Graft polymerization,Homopolymers,Polymers Get e-Alerts
AdaBoost for Text Detection in Natural Scene (2011)

Detecting text regions in natural scenes is an important part of computer vision. We propose a novel text detection algorithm that extracts six different classes features of text, and uses Modest AdaBoost with multi-scale sequential search. Experiments show that our algorithm can detect text regions with a f= 0.70, from the ICDAR 2003 datasets which include images with text of various fonts, sizes, colors, alphabets and scripts.
The Importance and Significance of Missiological Research – Christian Stewardship in Leadership (2016)

This paper will begin with defining key terms, followed by explanation of the importance and significance of missiological research in order to help Christian leaders be good stewards of resources and opportunity. Due to the brevity of this paper, only five branches of missiological studies (i.e. theory, theology, history, anthropology and strategy of Christian mission) are being included. For more extended coverage on missiological research and research methodology, readers are advised to consult other papers published in English and Chinese by the author.
Hiding the presence of individuals from shared databases (2007)

Advances in information technology, and its use in research, are increasing both the need for anonymized data and the risks of poor anonymization. We present a metric, δ-presence, that clearly links the quality of anonymization to the risk posed by inadequate anonymization. We show that existing anonymization techniques are inappropriate for situations where δ-presence is a good metric (specifically, where knowing an individual is in the database poses a privacy risk), and present algorithms for effectively anonymizing to meet δ-presence. The algorithms are evaluated in the context of a real-world scenario, demonstrating practical applicability of the approach.
Introduction (2010)

When I wrote my first book, Qualitative Choice Analysis, in the mid-1980s, the field had reached a critical juncture. The breakthrough concepts that defined the field had been made. The basic models – mainly logit and nested logit – had been introduced, and the statistical and economic properties of these models had been derived. Applications had proven successful in many different areas, including transportation, energy, housing, and marketing – to name only a few.
Efficient Near-Optimal Detectionwith Generalized Sphere Decoder for Blind MU-MIMO Systems (2014)

In this letter, we propose an efficient near-optimal detection scheme (that makes use of a generalized sphere decoder (GSD)) for blind multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. In practical MU-MIMO systems, a receiver suffers from interference because the precoding matrix, the result of the precoding technique used, is quantized with limited feedback and is thus imperfect. The proposed scheme can achieve near-optimal performance with low complexity by using a GSD to detect several additional interference signals. In addition, the proposed scheme is suitable for use in blind systems.
Mass Spectrometry as a Diagnostic and a Cancer Biomarker Discovery Tool (2004)

Serum proteomic profiling, by using surfaced-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, is one of the most promising new approaches for cancer diagnostics. Exceptional sensitivities and specificities have been reported for some cancer types such as prostate, ovarian, breast, and bladder cancers. These sensitivities/specificities are far superior to those obtained by using classical cancer biomarkers. In this review, I concentrate more on questions that cast doubt on the results reported and propose experiments to investigate these questions in detail, before the technique is used at the clinic. It is clear that the method needs to be externally and thoroughly validated before clinical implementation is warranted.
Calreticulin Couples Calcium Release and Calcium Influx in Integrin-mediated Calcium Signaling (2000)

The engagement of integrin alpha7 in E63 skeletal muscle cells by laminin or anti-alpha7 antibodies triggered transient elevations in the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration that resulted from both inositol triphosphate-evoked Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores and extracellular Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated, L-type Ca(2+) channels. The extracellular domain of integrin alpha7 was found to associate with both ectocalreticulin and dihydropyridine receptor on the cell surface. Calreticulin appears to also associate with cytoplasmic domain of integrin alpha7 in a manner highly dependent on the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. It appeared that intracellular Ca(2+) release was a prerequisite for Ca(2+) influx and that calreticulin associated with the integrin cytoplasmic domain mediated the coupling of between the Ca(2+) release and Ca(2+) influx. These findings suggest that calreticulin serves as a cytosolic activator of integrin and a signal transducer between integrins and Ca(2+) channels on the cell surface.
SELDI-TOF-MS ProteinChip Array Profiling of Tears from Patients with Dry Eye (2005)

The SELDI-TOF-MS technology seems to be ideally suitable for the mass screening of peptides and proteins in tears. This highly sensitive approach dramatically reduces the analysis time and provides protein profiles with great mass accuracy. Thus, it may become a very useful tool in the search for potential biomarkers for diagnosis and new therapeutics in ocular diseases such as dry eye.
Using interacting multiple model particle filter to track airborne targets hidden in blind Doppler (2007)

In airborne tracking, the blind Doppler makes the target undetectable, resulting in tracking difficulties. In this paper, we studied most possible blind-Doppler cases and summed them up into two types: targets’ intentional tangential flying to radar and unintentional flying with large tangential speed. We proposed an interacting multiple model (IMM) particle filter which combines a constant velocity model and an acceleration model to handle maneuvering motions. We compared the IMM particle filter with a previous particle filter solution. Simulation results showed that the IMM particle filter outperforms the method in previous works in terms of tracking accuracy and continuity.
Salt-Responsive Bilayer Hydrogels with Pseudo-Double-Network Structure Actuated by Polyelectrolyte and Antipolyelectrolyte Effects (2017)

Development of stimuli-responsive, shape-transformable materials is fundamentally and practically important for smart actuators. Herein, we design and synthesize a bilayer hydrogel by assembling a polycationic (polyMETAC/HEAA) layer with polyelectrolyte effect and a polyzwitterionic (polyVBIPS) layer with antipolyelectrolyte effect together. The bilayer hydrogels adopt a pseudo-double-network structure, and both polyelectrolyte and polyzwitterionic layers have salt-responsive swelling and shrinkage properties, but in a completely opposite way. The resulting polyMETAC/HEAA-polyVBIPS bilayer hydrogels exhibit bidirectional bending in response to salt solutions, salt concentrations, and counterion types. Such bidirectional bending of this bilayer hydrogel is fully reversible and triggered between salt solution and pure water multiple times. The bending orientation and degree of the bilayer hydrogel is driven by the opposite volume changes between the volume shrinking (swelling) of polyMETAC/HEAA layer and the volume swelling (shrinking) of polyVBIPS layer. Such cooperative, not competitive, salt-responsive swelling-shrinking properties of the two layers are contributed to by the polyelectrolyte and antipolyelectrolyte effects from the respective layers. Moreover, an eight-arm gripper made of this bilayer hydrogel is fabricated and demonstrates its ability to grasp an object in salt solution and release the object in water. This work provides a new shape-regulated, stimuli-responsive asymmetric hydrogel for actuator-based applications.
An Adaptive Dead-Time Compensation Strategy for Voltage Source Inverter Fed Motor Drives (2005)

This paper presents an adaptive dead-time compensation strategy to obtain fundamental phase voltage for inverter fed vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. The amplitude of phase dead-time compensation voltage (DTCV) to compensate disturbance voltage due to undesirable characteristics of inverter, such as dead-time, turn-on/off time of switching devices, and on-voltages of switching devices and diodes is adaptively determined according to a dead-time compensation time (DTCT). DTCT is identified on-line with using a /spl delta/-axis disturbance voltage in the current reference frame that is synchronized with current vector. The /spl delta/-axis disturbance voltage is estimated by a disturbance observer. The accuracy of identified DTCT is experimentally confirmed by calculating the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between a calculated active power and a measured one. MAPE for adaptive DTCT is almost within 5% at any operating point.
No more backups: Toward efficient embedding of survivable virtual networks (2013)

Although network virtualization can improve security by isolating traffic from different networks, routers and links are still vulnerable to attacks on the underlying network. High capacity physical links, in particular, constitute good targets since they may be important for a large number of virtual networks. Previous work protects virtual networks by setting aside backup resources. Although effective, this solution increases the cost to infrastructure providers. In this paper, we present a virtual network embedding approach which enables resilience to attacks and efficiency in resource utilization. Our approach is two-folded: while a preventive strategy embeds virtual links into multiple substrate paths, a reactive strategy attempts to reallocate any capacity affected by an underlying DoS attack. Since the embedding problem is NP-Hard, we devise a Simulated Annealing meta-heuristic to solve it efficiently. Results show our solution can provide resilience to attacks at a lower cost.