gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of acylated SOD derivatives which bind to the biomembrane lipid surface and dismutate extracellular superoxide radicals (1988)

Involvement of oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases has been the focus of recent attention. Since lipid peroxidation of cell membranes is postulated to be one of the major reasons for radical-induced tissue injury, inhibition of oxygen toxicity at or near plasma membranes is important. To metabolize extracellular superoxide radicals effectively at or near cell membranes, we synthesized amphipathic superoxide dismutase (SOD) derivatives (AC-SOD) by covalently linking hydrophobic fatty acids with different chain lengths, such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid, to the lysyl amino groups of the enzyme. When incubated with erythrocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), AC-SOD, but not SOD, bound to plasma membranes of these cells. When topically instilled to the eye, AC-SOD also bound to corneal epithelial cell surface. Upon activation by phorbolmyristyl acetate, extracellular cytochrome c was rapidly reduced by PMNs which were pretreated with SOD. In contrast, PMNs preincubated with AC-SOD failed to catalyze the reduction of cytochrome c under the same experimental conditions. These results suggested that AC-SOD bound to cell membranes and effectively dismutated superoxide radicals at or on the outer surface of plasma membranes.
Speech repairs, intonational phrases, and discourse markers: modeling speakers' utterances in spoken dialogue (1999)

Interactive spoken dialogue provides many new challenges for natural language understanding systems. One of the most critical challenges is simply determining the speaker&apos;s intended utter-ances: both segmenting a speaker&apos;s turn into utterances and determining the intended words in each utterance. Even assuming perfect word recognition, the latter problem is complicated by the occurrence of speech repairs, which occur where speakers go back and change (or repeat) something they just said. The words that are replaced or repeated are no longer part of the intended utterance, and so need to be identified. Segmenting turns and resolving repairs are strongly intertwined with a third task: identifying discourse markers. Because of the interactions, and interactions with POS tagging and speech recognition, we need to address these tasks together and early on in the processing stream. This paper presents a statistical language model in which we rede~&apos;ne the speech recognition problem so that it includes the identification of POS tags, discourse markers, speech repairs, and intonational phrases. By solving these simultaneously, we obtain better results on each task than addressing them separately. Our model is able to identify 72 % of turn-internal intonational boundaries with a precision of 71%, 97 % of discourse markers with 96 % precision, and detect and correct 66 % of repairs with 74 % precision.
Bus Bandwidth Aware H.264/AVC Motion Compensation Design for High Definition Video Encoding (2007)

H.264/AVC outperforms previous video coding with many other tools, but the complexity increases much. As the image resolution is high, the bus bandwidth and data read cycle are the most important problems for the real time processing decoder. Motion compensation is the main bottleneck, which can use about over 50% bandwidth of the total bandwidth. In this paper, we present a bandwidth aware motion compensation (BAMC) which can solve both the read cycle and the data bandwidth problems in various systems. BAMC saves 60-80% MC read cycle and 50-85% data bandwidth at the system with DDR1-32bit or DDR2-64 bit. The proposed MC hardware can supports 1088-60 p real-time processing with less than 266 MB/S total bus memory bandwidth.
A survey on facilities for experimental internet of things research (2011)

The initial vision of the Internet of Things was of a world in which all physical objects are tagged and uniquely identified by RFID transponders. However, the concept has grown into multiple dimensions, encompassing sensor networks able to provide real-world intelligence and goal-oriented collaboration of distributed smart objects via local networks or global interconnections such as the Internet. Despite significant technological advances, difficulties associated with the evaluation of IoT solutions under realistic conditions in real-world experimental deployments still hamper their maturation and significant rollout. In this article we identify requirements for the next generation of IoT experimental facilities. While providing a taxonomy, we also survey currently available research testbeds, identify existing gaps, and suggest new directions based on experience from recent efforts in this field.
Acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking on arterial stiffness (2005)

Acutely, cigarette smoking increased BP, heart rate and baPWV in chronic smokers and non-smokers. These effects were more prominent in chronic smokers than in non-smokers. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking have deleterious effects on cardiovascular system by stiffening arteries.
Fasting and cancer treatment in humans: A case series report (2009)

Short-term fasting (48 hours) was shown to be effective in protecting normal cells and mice but not cancer cells against high dose chemotherapy, termed Differential Stress Resistance (DSR), but the feasibility and effect of fasting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is unknown. Here we describe 10 cases in which patients diagnosed with a variety of malignancies had voluntarily fasted prior to (48-140 hours) and/or following (5-56 hours) chemotherapy. None of these patients, who received an average of 4 cycles of various chemotherapy drugs in combination with fasting, reported significant side effects caused by the fasting itself other than hunger and lightheadedness. Chemotherapy associated toxicity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The six patients who underwent chemotherapy with or without fasting reported a reduction in fatigue, weakness, and gastrointestinal side effects while fasting. In those patients whose cancer progression could be assessed, fasting did not prevent the chemotherapy-induced reduction of tumor volume or tumor markers. Although the 10 cases presented here suggest that fasting in combination with chemotherapy is feasible, safe, and has the potential to ameliorate side effects caused by chemotherapies, they are not meant to establish practice guidelines for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Only controlled-randomized clinical trials will determine the effect of fasting on clinical outcomes including quality of life and therapeutic index.
Regulation of the fibronectin receptor affinity by divalent cations. (1988)

The cell surface receptor for fibronectin is a heterodimeric membrane protein that recognizes an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence in fibronectin and that requires cations such as Mg2+ or Ca2+ for binding to fibronectin. The divalent cation requirements of this receptor were analyzed by measuring attachment of receptor liposomes to ligand-coated surfaces in the presence of different cations. The most striking effect observed was produced by Mn2+, which increased the binding of the receptor liposomes to fibronectin 2-3-fold over their binding in buffers containing Ca2+ and Mg2+. The binding activities of two related adhesion receptors, the vitronectin receptor and platelet GP IIb-IIIa, were supported but not enhanced by Mn2+. Two observations suggest that Mn2+ can compete with Ca2+ for the same cation-binding sites of the receptor. First, Mn2+ could still enhance fibronectin receptor binding activity even in the presence of 10-fold higher concentrations of Ca2+ or Mg2+. Second, Mn2+ inhibited the binding of radioactive Ca2+ to the alpha subunit of the receptor. The increased fibronectin receptor activity in the presence of Mn2+ appeared to be due to an increase in the affinity of the receptor for the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence because a 110-kDa cell attachment fragment and a synthetic hexapeptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence inhibited liposome binding more effectively in the presence of Mn2+ than in the presence of Ca2+/Mg2+. The affinity for the peptide was affected more than the affinity for the fragment, indicating that Mn2+ also induces a change in receptor specificity. Increased receptor binding in the presence of Mn2+ was also apparent in affinity chromatography of the fibronectin receptor on the 110-kDa fibronectin fragment; Mn2+ improved the yield of the receptor 4-fold. Mn2+ similarly increased the number of receptor-fibronectin complexes in preparations analyzed by electron microscopy. These results show that exogenous influences can modulate the affinity and specificity with which the fibronectin receptor binds to its ligands.
SWAM: SDN-Based Wi-Fi Small Cells with Joint Access-Backhaul and Multi-Tenant Capabilities (2018)

In this paper we present SWAM, a system that builds on commodity Wi-Fi routers with multiple wireless interfaces to provide a wireless access infrastructure supporting multi-tenancy, mobility, and integrated wireless access and backhaul. An infrastructure provider can deploy inexpensive SWAM nodes to cover a given geographical area providing on-demand connectivity for Mobile Network Operators. Our main contribution is the design of the SWAM datapath and control plane, which are inspired by the overlay techniques used to enable multi-tenancy in data-center networks. We prototype SWAM in an office wireless testbed and validate experimentally its functionality.
Effect of early preoperative 5-fluorouracil on the integrity of colonic anastomoses in rats (2009)

In this study, we conclude that early preoperative 5-FU, administered i.v., negatively affects wound healing. However, i.p. administered 5-FU does not negatively affect wound healing.
Scanning total internal reflection microscopy using an objective of NA=1.65 (2001)

Abstract not available.
Stationary Surface Plasmons on a Zero-Order Metal Grating (1998)

Zero-order metal diffraction gratings may give remarkably strong absorption of radiation. This absorption is due to the excitation of standing wave coupled surface plasmons in the narrow grating grooves. Theoretical modeling shows that a family of resonances exists, as the grating grooves are deepened, corresponding to successive standing wave orders of the coupled surface plasmon.
Interaction of age and temperature on heat shock protein expression, sperm count, and sperm viability of the adult black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (2020)

Information regarding black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) adult biology is vital as this is the life stage that produces eggs and thus drives population size. The goal of this study was to determine key biological characteristics of adult black soldier flies as they age in relation to: (1) the thermal preferences (T sel ) of males and females; (2) the impact of temperature on heat shock protein expression in males and females; as well as (3) the sperm count; and (4) the sperm viability in males. Aging significantly impacted male and female temperature preferences. Young males (<24-h-old) preferred warmer temperatures (median=24.3 °C, range=19.3-28.2 °C) compared to females of the same age (median=20.2 °C, range=15.4-26.2 °C). However, in older adults (i.e. 72-h-old males and 48-h-old females), temperature preferences converged between 21 and 24 °C. Temperatures tested did not impact hsp expression in males or females. However, aging males, but not females, had increased expression of the heat shock proteins (hsp) hsp70 and hsp90 . Furthermore, age impacted sperm count but not sperm viability in males. In particular, 48-h-old males had the greatest sperm count (322.5/sample) and sperm viability (60-78%) compared to all other aged males. Thermal data in conjunction with sperm data potentially explain why early thermal segregation behaviour between males and females occurs. Once adult males and females reached 72-h-old and 48-h-old, respectively, they exhibited a common thermal preference, which coincided with the greatest number of viable sperm in males. Forcing adults into environments (i.e. cages) outside these selected preferences could result in premature or delayed mating or low fertilisation rates. Future research exploring cage design and conditions are needed to optimise black soldier fly colony maintenance and fertile egg production, and can leverage information such as the results described here.
Ensuring access to essential services : demand-side housing subsidies (2002)

This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of demand-side subsidy approaches for improving poor households'access to housing services. It begins with a discussion of the rationale for stand-alone housing assistance programs, and a description of the ongoing transition away from traditional supply-side housing assistance to demand-side subsidies. The paper presents model demand-side approaches, but also draws on real world examples to highlight various aspects of program design related to targeting, transparency, price distortion, institutional capacity, administrative complexity, and funding. It also describes how variations in the design of housing-related subsidy programs can appear in response to philosophical, political, and resource considerations. The paperconcludes with a discussion of the appropriateness of different subsidy approaches for various situations.
Differential Kinetics and Distribution of Antibodies in Serum and Nasal and Vaginal Secretions after Nasal and Oral Vaccination of Humans (1998)

Although nasal vaccination has emerged as an interesting alternative to systemic or oral vaccination, knowledge is scarce about the immune responses after such immunization in humans. In the present study, we have compared the kinetics and organ distribution of the antibody responses after nasal and oral vaccination. We immunized female volunteers nasally or orally with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and determined the specific antibody levels in serum and nasal and vaginal secretions, as well as the number of circulating antibody-secreting cells, before immunization and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 26 weeks thereafter. Nasal vaccination induced 9-fold CTB-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and 56-fold specific IgG antibody increases in nasal secretions, whereas no significant IgA increase was seen after oral vaccination. Both oral and nasal vaccination resulted in 5- to 6-fold CTB-specific IgA and 20- to 30-fold specific IgG increases in vaginal secretions. Strong serum responses to CTB were also induced by both routes of vaccination. A notable difference between nasal and oral vaccination was that the nasal route elicited a specific antibody response with a later onset but of much longer duration than did the oral route. We conclude from this study that the nasal route is superior to the oral route for administering at least nonliving vaccines against infections in the upper respiratory tract, whereas either oral or nasal vaccination might be used for eliciting antibody responses in the female genital tract.
Molecular Characterization of a Stress-Inducible Gene from <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> (1998)

ABSTRACT A gene ( htrA ) coding for a stress-inducible HtrA-like protein from Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 was cloned, sequenced, and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene exhibited 30% identity with the HtrA protein from Escherichia coli ; the putative catalytic triad and a PDZ domain that characterize the HtrA family of known bacterial serine proteases were also found in the sequence. Expression of the L. helveticus htrA gene in a variety of stress conditions was analyzed at the transcriptional level. The strongest induction, resulting in over an eightfold increase in the htrA transcription level, was found in growing CNRZ32 cells exposed to 4% (wt/vol) NaCl. Enhanced htrA mRNA expression was also seen in CNRZ32 cells after exposure to puromycin, ethanol, or heat. The reporter gene gusA was integrated in the Lactobacillus chromosome downstream of the htrA promoter by a double-crossover event which also interrupted the wild-type gene. The expression of gusA in the stress conditions tested was similar to that of htrA itself. In addition, the presence of an intact htrA gene facilitated growth under heat stress but not under salt stress.
Towards the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens with in-feed antibiotics phasing-out worldwide (2015)

Poultry production has undergone a substantial increase compared to the livestock industries since 1970. However, the industry worldwide is now facing challenges with the removal of in-feed antibiotics completely or gradually, as the once well-controlled poultry diseases have re-emerged to cause tremendous loss of production. Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the most important diseases which costs the industry over two billion dollars annually. In this paper, we review the progress on the etiology of NE and its control through dietary modifications, pre- and probiotics, short chain fatty acids, and vaccination. The other likely measures resulted in the most advances in the toxin characterization are also discussed. Vaccine strategies may have greater potential for the control of NE mainly due to clearer etiology of NE having been elucidated in recent years with the identification of necrotic enteritis toxin B-like (NetB) toxin. Therefore, the use of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics with a better understanding of the relationship between nutrition and NE, and limiting exposure to infectious agents through biosecurity and vaccination, might be a tool to reduce the incidence of NE and to improve gut health in the absence of in-feed antibiotics. More importantly, the combinations of different measures may achieve greater protection of birds against the disease. Among all the alternatives investigated, prebiotics, organic acids and vaccination have shown improved gastrointestinal health and thus, have potential for the control of NE.
Mining terabytes of submillimeter-resolution ECoG datasets for neurophysiologic biomarkers (2010)

Recent research in brain-machine interfaces and devices to treat neurological disease indicate that important network activity exists at temporal and spatial scales beyond the resolution of existing implantable devices. We present innovations in both hardware and software that allow sampling and interpretation of data from brain networks from hundreds or thousands of sensors at submillimeter resolution. These innovations consist of novel flexible, active electrode arrays and unsupervised algorithms for detecting and classifying neurophysiologic biomarkers, specifically high frequency oscillations. We propose these innovations as the foundation for a new generation of closed loop diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices, and brain-machine interfaces.
Amelioration of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Diseases with Genome Editing in Transgenic Mice (2018)

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a hereditary liver disease caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 serine protease inhibitor gene. Most severe patients are homozygous for PiZ alleles (PiZZ; amino acid E324K), which lead to protein aggregates in hepatocytes and reduced circulating levels of AAT. The liver aggregates typically lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the reduced circulating AAT levels can lead to emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In this study, two CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approaches were used to decrease liver aggregates and increase systemic AAT-M levels in the PiZ transgenic mouse. In the first approach, AAT expression in hepatocytes was reduced more than 98% following the systemic delivery of AAV8-CRISPR targeting exon 2 of hSERPINA1, leading to reduced aggregates in hepatocytes. In the second approach, a second adeno-associated virus, which provided the donor template to correct the Z mutation, was also administered. These treated mice had reduced AAT expression (> 98%) and a low level (5%) of wildtype AAT-M mRNA. Taken together, this study shows that CRISPR gene editing can efficiently reduce liver expression of AAT-Z and restore modest levels of wildtype AAT-M in a mouse model of AATD, raising the possibility of CRISPR gene editing therapeutic for AATD.
Blue emission of porous silicon (1993)

Thermally treated porous silicon shows blue photoluminescence (400–520 nm) excited by a He-Cd laser (320 nm) at room temperature. Stable and uniform Schottky blue light emitting diodes have been fabricated from thermally treated porous silicon in this work. The emission of blue light may be explained by the wide optical energy band gap attributed to the quantum wire effect.
Combined Hybrid ARQ and Link Adaptation for Coded Cooperation in Block-Fading Channels (2011)

Cooperative hybrid ARQ (HARQ) protocols have been widely studied in recent years and they were shown to provide higher efficiency than cooperative protocols. This paper proposes a joint design within which the HARQ protocol collaborates with the link adaptation functionality and the cooperative transmission scheme in order to adapt the behavior of the HARQ protocol to the QoS requirements of the supported services. As performance metrics of the HARQ protocol, we use the expected number of retransmissions and the expected spectral efficiency. The paper also studies the influence of the protocol parameters upon the performance provided.
The Effect of Buffer Types on the In0.82Ga0.18As Epitaxial Layer Grown on an InP (100) Substrate (2018)

In<sub>0.82</sub>Ga<sub>0.18</sub>As epitaxial layers were grown on InP (100) substrates at 530 °C by a low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) technique. The effects of different buffer structures, such as a single buffer layer, compositionally graded buffer layers, and superlattice buffer layers, on the crystalline quality and property were investigated. Double-crystal X-ray diffraction (DC-XRD) measurement, Raman scattering spectrum, and Hall measurements were used to evaluate the crystalline quality and electrical property. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the surface morphology and microstructure, respectively. Compared with the In<sub>0.82</sub>Ga<sub>0.18</sub>As epitaxial layer directly grown on an InP substrate, the quality of the sample is not obviously improved by using a single In<sub>0.82</sub>Ga<sub>0.18</sub>As buffer layer. By introducing the graded In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1−x</sub>As buffer layers, it was found that the dislocation density in the epitaxial layer significantly decreased and the surface quality improved remarkably. In addition, the number of dislocations in the epitaxial layer greatly decreased under the combined action of multi-potential wells and potential barriers by the introduction of a In<sub>0.82</sub>Ga<sub>0.18</sub>As/In<sub>0.82</sub>Al<sub>0.18</sub>As superlattice buffer. However, the surface subsequently roughened, which may be explained by surface undulation.
Silicon photonics multicore transceivers (2012)

We examine how the continued increase of single channel data rates combined with spatial multiplexing enabled by multi-core fibers will lead to the aggressive scaling of the aggregate bandwidth of silicon photonics transceivers.