gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Approaches to Biologically Active Bisphosphonates and Phosphonocarboxylates (1999)

Some current and potential therapeutic uses of bisphosphonates and phosphonocarboxylates are summarized. The feasibility of synthesizing α-hydroxy α-alkyl/aryl methyl-enebisphos-phonates via Grignard addition to tetraalkyl carbonylbisphosphonates 6 is demonstrated, and a new synthesis of 6 under very mild conditions is described.
Understanding of the Interaction between Clearance Leakage Flow and Main Passage Flow in a VGT Turbine (2014)

The clearance flow between the nozzle and endwall in a variable geometry turbine (VGT) has been numerically investigated to understand the clearance effect on the VGT performance and internal flow. It was found that the flow rate through turbine increases but the turbine efficiency decreases with height of clearance. Detailed flow field analyses indicated that most of the efficiency loss resulting from the leakage flow occurs at the upstream of the rotor area, that is, in the nozzle endwall clearance and between the nozzle vanes. There are two main mechanisms associated with this efficiency loss. One is due to the formation of the local vortex flow structure between the clearance flow and the main flow. The other is due to the impact of the clearance flow on the main flow after the nozzle throat. This impact reduces the span of shockwave with increased shockwave magnitude by changing the trajectory of the main flow.
Synthesis and Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)-Antagonistic Activities of Trisubstituted Piperazine Derivatives. (1994)

2- or 3-Substituted 1-(2,3-dimethoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzocyclobepten-8- ylcarbonyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)- and 4-(3,4,5- trimethoxybenzyl)piperazines (2a - s, 3a, b) were prepared and evaluated for antagonistic activities against platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation and blood pressure reduction. The 2-methoxymethyl derivative (2f) showed the most potent activities in this series. The enantiomers (R)-(+)-2f and (S)-(-)-2f were synthesized from carbobenzoxy-O- benzyl-L- and D-serine in several steps. In the binding experiment. (S)-(-)- 2f showed thirty times greater affinity than the R isomer for the PAF receptor.
Abstract 14660: Xeno-Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Cell Sheet Transplantation Promise the Safety and Effectiveness in the Treatment for Heart Failure (2016)

Background: Human Induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have a potential to propose new era for the treatment for cardiovascular disease, while the safety in hiPSC have great concern for clinical ...
Influence of microparticle formulation on immunogenicity of SYI, a synthetic peptide derived from <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> GbpB (2004)

Subcutaneous immunization with SYI, a peptide construct based on Streptococcus mutans glucan binding protein B (GbpB) residues 113-132, significantly reduces experimental dental caries. Since mucosal immunization may be preferred for human vaccine applications, the present objective was to determine what formulation of SYI combined with polylactide-coglycolide microparticles could give rise to significant levels of salivary IgA antibody reactive with the native GbpB protein. A comparison of the SYI construct, loaded into or mixed with polylactide-coglycolide revealed the SYI-loaded microparticles to induce significant and sustainable levels of salivary and nasal wash IgA antibody to the peptide and the native protein. SYI mixed with unloaded microparticles was less effective in mucosal antibody response induction. These studies indicate that mucosal immunization with the SYI construct can induce salivary IgA antibody to a pathogenesis-associated component of S. mutans if delivered within polylactide-coglycolide microparticles, suggesting that this approach could successfully induce protective salivary immunity to dental caries caused by S. mutans.
A keratinocyte growth factor receptor-derived peptide antagonist identifies part of the ligand binding site (1993)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family member that acts specifically on cells of epithelial origin. Its receptor (KGFR) is a membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase, which also binds acidic FGF (aFGF) with equally high affinity, and basic FGF (bFGF) with much lower affinity. The KGFR is encoded by the bek/FGFR-2 gene, whose alternative transcript specifies a receptor with high affinity for aFGF and bFGF, but no detectable binding of KGF. The only structural difference between these two receptors is a 49-amino acid segment in the extracellular domain that is determined by single alternative exons. We report that a synthetic peptide (NH2-His199...Tyr223-COOH) corresponding to part of the predicted sequence of the KGFR alternative exon blocks KGF mitogenic activity and the interaction between KGF and its receptor. The peptide also blocks the interaction between KGF and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody raised against this growth factor. These results demonstrate that the peptide binds directly and specifically to KGF and argue that this region of the receptor constitutes part or all of the KGF binding site.
Improvement of Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenging via the Addition of Monoethanolamine to Water-Based Drilling Fluids (2022)

The release of the lethal hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) gas during the drilling of sour subterranean formations is of huge health and safety concern. Additionally, the contact of this corrosive gas with handling equipment might result in severe damages and significant economic losses. Accordingly, effective in situ scavenging of H<sub>2</sub>S while drilling is very crucial. Thus, we report herein the addition of monoethanolamine (MEA) to water-based mud with the objective of improving the H<sub>2</sub>S-scavenging efficacy of the mud. The H<sub>2</sub>S-scavenging capacity was evaluated for the MEA-containing mud and compared with the base mud and fluids containing the commercial scavengers, SourScav and triazine. Also, the key mud characteristics including rheology, filtration properties, alkalinity, and corrosion rate were investigated in the presence and the absence of MEA, and the obtained results were compared to those of SourScav and triazine. The obtained experimental results revealed that the addition of MEA to the base mud significantly improved the H<sub>2</sub>S adsorption capacity of the base mud by 117%, compared to 50 and 74% with the SourScav and triazine. Additionally, the pH value of the MEA-containing mud complied with the practical recommendations for drilling in a sour environment. Moreover, the plastic viscosity was increased by 13% to 37 cP with the MEA-containing mud with an insignificant impact on the yield point. Furthermore, the MEA-containing mud showed a favorable zero corrosion rate, as was the case for SourScav and triazine muds. However, unlike SourScav and triazine, MEA did not substantially enhance the filtration performance. Nonetheless, the filtration characteristics of the MEA-containing mud were still better than the base mud and within the recommended practical range for water-based muds. Overall, the results presented in this study reveal that the addition of monoethanolamine to water-based muds improves the mud characteristics and, more importantly, provides a superior H<sub>2</sub>S-scavenging performance relative to SourScav and triazine scavengers, suggesting the commercial relevance of MEA for drilling applications.
Subchondral bone marrow lesions associated with knee osteoarthritis. (2012)

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition typically measured by the level of joint space thinning. However, it has been shown that the degree of joint space narrowing correlates poorly with the incidence and magnitude of knee pain. A review of recent and past literature suggests that chronic bone marrow edema (BME) or bone marrow lesions may be linked to pain, the progression of cartilage damage, and the acceleration of joint degeneration. The literature further provides strong support that chronic BME may be an additional target for treatment. This case study has shown that a treatment to repair BME by restoring support and relieving abnormal stresses with accepted internal fixation and bone stimulating surgical techniques is effective in relieving knee OA pain. The literature review and case study herein are provided as a basis for the treatment of chronic BME as an important addition to the current knee OA treatment paradigm.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitors Selected on Living Cells from a Library of Phage Chemokines (2003)

The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are promising non-virus-encoded targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. We describe a selection procedure to isolate mutant forms of RANTES (CCL5) with antiviral activity considerably in excess of that of the native chemokine. The phage-displayed library of randomly mutated and N-terminally extended variants was screened by using live CCR5-expressing cells, and two of the selected mutants, P1 and P2, were further characterized. Both were significantly more potent HIV inhibitors than RANTES, with P2 being the most active (50% inhibitory concentration of 600 pM in a viral coat-mediated cell fusion assay, complete protection of target cells against primary HIV type 1 strains at a concentration of 10 nM). P2 resembles AOP-RANTES in that it is a superagonist of CCR5 and potently induces receptor sequestration. P1, while less potent than P2, has the advantage of significantly reduced signaling activity via CCR5 (30% of that of RANTES). Additionally, both P1 and P2 exhibit not only significantly increased affinity for CCR5 but also enhanced receptor selectivity, retaining only trace levels of signaling activity via CCR1 and CCR3. The phage chemokine approach that was successfully applied here could be adapted to other chemokine-chemokine receptor systems and used to further improve the first-generation mutants reported in this paper.
Electrical characterization of CdS passivation on InP (2002)

InP surface passivation has been realized by a convenient chemical bath deposition (CBD) of a thin CdS layer. For comparison, samples without any treatment and with only a thin SiO/sub 2/ layer were also prepared. Also studied was the effect of a thin layer of SiO/sub 2/ deposited immediately after the CdS deposition. Schottky contacts were made on the CdS-passivated InP by electron-beam deposition of Ti/Au. Electrical characterization was conducted by current-voltage (I-V) measurements. It was found that the electrical performance of the Schottky contacts of the CdS-passivated samples was improved significantly. The thickness (deposition time) of the CdS strongly affects the device electrical performance. The additional SiO/sub 2/-on-CdS layer plays a key role in the process of InP surface passivation. Post-treatment in the CdS deposition process also significantly improves the surface morphology and electrical properties.
<title>On digital cinema and watermarking</title> (2003)

The illegal copying of movies in the cinema is now common practice. Although the quality is fairly low, the economic impact of these illegal copies can be enormous. Philips' digital cinema watermarking scheme is designed for the upcoming digital cinema format and will assist content owners and distributors with tracing the origin of illegal copies. In this paper we consider this watermarking scheme in more detail. A characteristic of this watermarking scheme is that it only exploits the temporal axis to insert a watermark. It is therefore inherently robust to geometrical distortions, a necessity for surviving illegal copying by camcorder recording. Moreover, the scheme resists frame rate conversions resulting from a frame rate mismatch between the camcorder and the projector. The watermarking scheme has been tested in a 'real' digital cinema environment with good results.
Automated synthesis of crossbars for nanoscale computing using formal methods (2015)

Since the fabrication of nanoscale memristors by HP Labs in 2008, there has been a sustained interest in the use of crossbars of nanoscale memristors for digital storage and neuromorphic computing. However, the same success has not been replicated in the use of crossbars for performing generalpurpose computations that can support the existing software infrastructure originally designed for von Neumann architectures. One of the fundamental challenges facing the exploitation of nanoscale memristor crossbars is the existence of sneak paths. It has been shown that sneak paths can be used to perform Boolean computations in crossbars. However, the human mind can be easily overwhelmed by the large number of sneak paths that may arise in a crossbar. It is not surprising that the size of manually-designed crossbars has been too large for practical applications. In this paper, we demonstrate how formal methods can be used to automatically synthesize compact crossbar designs that employ the sneak paths phenomena as a fundamental design primitive to evaluate Boolean formula.
Influence of combined fundamental potentials in a nonlinear vibration energy harvester (2016)

Ambient mechanical vibrations have emerged as a viable energy source for low-power wireless sensor nodes aiming the upcoming era of the 'Internet of Things'. Recently, purposefully induced dynamical nonlinearities have been exploited to widen the frequency spectrum of vibration energy harvesters. Here we investigate some critical inconsistencies between the theoretical formulation and applications of the bistable Duffing nonlinearity in vibration energy harvesting. A novel nonlinear vibration energy harvesting device with the capability to switch amidst individually tunable bistable-quadratic, monostable-quartic and bistable-quartic potentials has been designed and characterized. Our study highlights the fundamentally different large deflection behaviors of the theoretical bistable-quartic Duffing oscillator and the experimentally adapted bistable-quadratic systems, and underlines their implications in the respective spectral responses. The results suggest enhanced performance in the bistable-quartic potential in comparison to others, primarily due to lower potential barrier and higher restoring forces facilitating large amplitude inter-well motion at relatively lower accelerations.
Advanced low cost clustering system (2016)

This document describes a system to gather information from a stationary camera to identify moving objects. The proposed solution makes only use of motion vectors between adjacent frames, obtained from any algorithm. Starting from them, the system is able to retrieve clusters of moving objects in a scene acquired by an image sensor device. Since all the system is only based on optical flow, it is really simple and fast, to be easily integrated directly in low cost cameras. The experimental results show fast and robust performance of our method. The computation time is about 800 frame/sec for a VGA sequence on a 2.3GHz processor (ARM Cortex-A15). Moreover, the system has been tested for different applications, cross traffic alert and video surveillance, in different conditions, indoor and outdoor, and with different lens, linear and fish-eye.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A Novel Marker and Modulator of Inflammatory Injury in Chronic Renal Allograft Disease (2008)

One key cell-signaling event central to inflammation in kidney diseases, including chronic renal allograft dysfunction or disease (CRAD), is the activation of NF-kappaB, which controls transcription of numerous proinflammatory mediators. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta is an indispensable element of NF-kappaB activation, however, the exact role of GSK3beta in the pathogenesis of inflammatory kidney diseases like CRAD is uncertain and was examined. Immunohistochemistry staining of GSK3beta was weak in normal kidneys, but was markedly induced in inflamed allograft kidneys, with prominent cytoplasmic staining of tubular cells in areas of inflammation. Net GSK3beta activity is regulated by inhibitory phosphorylation of its serine 9 residue, and this occurred in CRAD. Thus, the magnitude of GSK3beta inactivation was inversely correlated with the degree of injury as assessed by Banff criteria. In vitro in cultured human tubular epithelial cells, GSK3beta overexpression augmented, while GSK3beta silencing diminished proinflammatory cellular responses to TNF-alpha stimulation, including NF-kappaB activation and expression of chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES. These inflammatory responses were obliterated by GSK3beta inhibitors. Collectively, GSK3beta plays an important role in mediating proinflammatory NF-kappaB activation and renal inflammation. Suppression of GSK3beta activity might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat CRAD.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease Using 12-Lead High-Frequency Electrocardiograms (2006)

A noninvasive, sensitive method of diagnosing certain pathological conditions of the human heart involves computational processing of digitized electrocardiographic (ECG) signals acquired from a patient at all 12 conventional ECG electrode positions. In the processing, attention is focused on low-amplitude, high-frequency components of those portions of the ECG signals known in the art as QRS complexes. The unique contribution of this method lies in the utilization of signal features and combinations of signal features from various combinations of electrode positions, not reported previously, that have been found to be helpful in diagnosing coronary artery disease and such related pathological conditions as myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. The electronic hardware and software used to acquire the QRS complexes and perform some preliminary analyses of their high-frequency components were summarized in Real-Time, High-Frequency QRS Electrocardiograph (MSC- 23154), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 27, No. 7 (July 2003), pp. 26-28. To recapitulate, signals from standard electrocardiograph electrodes are preamplified, then digitized at a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz, then analyzed by the software that detects R waves and QRS complexes and analyzes them from several perspectives. The software includes provisions for averaging signals over multiple beats and for special-purpose nonrecursive digital filters with specific low- and high-frequency cutoffs. These filters, applied to the averaged signal, effect a band-pass operation in the frequency range from 150 to 250 Hz. The output of the bandpass filter is the desired high-frequency QRS signal. Further processing is then performed in real time to obtain the beat-to-beat root mean square (RMS) voltage amplitude of the filtered signal, certain variations of the RMS voltage, and such standard measures as the heart rate and R-R interval at any given time. A key signal feature analyzed in the present method is the presence versus the absence of reduced-amplitude zones (RAZs). In terms that must be simplified for the sake of brevity, an RAZ comprises several cycles of a high-frequency QRS signal during which the amplitude of the high-frequency oscillation in a portion of the signal is abnormally low (see figure). A given signal sample exhibiting an interval of reduced amplitude may or may not be classified as an RAZ, depending on quantitative criteria regarding peaks and troughs within the reduced-amplitude portion of the high-frequency QRS signal. This analysis is performed in all 12 leads in real time.
The NMR blood flowmeter-applications (1981)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) permits the noninvasive measurement of blood flow signals unimpaired by clothes, bandages, casts, etc. The cylindrical crossed-coil NMR blood flowmeter was used to measure blood flow through a cross-section of the human forearm. Two calibration procedures are described: one for pulsatile flows and the other for flows with a high non-pulsatile component. Flow measurements from normal arms, from limbs with arterial obstruction, arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulas or other conditions are reported. An application of the flow scanning technique for separation of flow signals from individual arteries (e.g., ulnar and radial) is described. The flat crossed-coil NMR flowmeter was applied to detect blood flow from individual arteries (e.g., brachial, popliteal, etc.). Applications of a ranging technique developed to detect signals at predetermined depths are described.
Estimation of Delay Test Quality and Its Application to Test Generation (2008)

As a method to evaluate delay test quality of test patterns, SDQM (Statistical Delay Quality Model) has been proposed for transition faults. In order to derive better test quality by SDQM, the following two things are important: for each transition fault, (1) to find out the accurate length of the longest sensitizable paths along which the fault is activated and propagated, and (2) to generate a test pattern that detects the fault through as long paths as possible. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate the length of the potentially sensitizable longest path for detection of a transition fault. In addition, we develop a procedure to extract path information that helps high quality transition ATPG. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves SDQL (Statistical Delay Quality Level) by not only accurate calculation of the longest sensitizable paths but also detection of faults through longer paths.
Removal of Hepatitis B Virus Infectivity fromHuman Gamma-Globulin Prepared byIon-Exchange Chromatography (1985)

Hepatitis B virus infectivity can be removed from human plasma used to prepare a gamma-globulin product by ion-exchange chromatography with commercially available resins. A pooled human plasma sample free of hepatitis markers was contaminated with 10,000 chimpanzee infectious doses of hepatitis B virus per milliliter from a known infectious inoculum. The contaminated plasma was diluted to yield a weakly positive radioimmunoassay result for HB(s)Ag and then processed over a double-column chromatography system containing anionic ion-exchange resins to yield highly purified gamma-globulin. Two chimpanzees were each inoculated intravenously with this product while a control animal received non-treated material. The 2 experimental animals each received a potential challenge of 3,000 ID and showed no serologic evidence of the disease during 9 months of evaluation. The control animal received 100 ID and developed hepatitis B 25 weeks after the challenge.
Separating Control Software from Routers (2006)

Control software in routers has gotten increasingly complex today. Further, since the control software runs in every router, managing a large network of routers is complex and expensive. In this paper, we propose that the control software be hosted in a few control element servers remotely from the forwarding elements (routers). This reduces the software complexity in numerous forwarding elements, thus increasing the overall reliability of the network. In order to achieve this, we describe the design and implementation of two protocols: 1) Dyna-BIND that allows the forwarding elements to dynamically bind to control elements and 2) ForCES that allows the control elements to control the forwarding elements. Furthermore, we argue using several examples that the separation and logical centralization of control plane software in this architecture enables easier deployment of new services