gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregation of Real-Time System Monitoring Data for Analyzing Large-Scale Parallel and Distributed Computing Environments (2010)

We present a monitoring system for large-scale parallel and distributed computing environments that allows to trade-off accuracy in a tunable fashion to gain scalability without compromising fidelity. The approach relies on classifying each gathered monitoring metric based on individual needs and on aggregating messages containing classes of individual monitoring metrics using a tree-based overlay network. The MRNet-based prototype is able to significantly reduce the amount of gathered and stored monitoring data, e.g., by a factor of ~56 in comparison to the Ganglia distributed monitoring system. A simple scaling study reveals, however, that further efforts are needed in reducing the amount of data to monitor future-generation extreme-scale systems with up to 1,000,000 nodes. The implemented solution did not had a measurable performance impact as the 32-node test system did not produce enough monitoring data to interfere with running applications.
Completion and Production Strategies for Liquids-Rich Wells in Ultra-low-permeability Reservoirs (2013)

Abstract Producing from liquids-rich, ultra-low-permeability reservoirs requires long, horizontal wells with multiple fractures—a situation that demands a better understanding of well-completion practices in relation to reservoir dynamics to maximize benefit. This paper attempts to augment that understanding through a stochastic reservoir modeling approach. A reservoir simulation model for a typical condensate well in the Eagle Ford liquids-rich area was used in a decision-under-uncertainty framework to identify optimal completion and production strategies. The important factors considered are for fractures (length, conductivity, conductivity endurance, and spacing), reservoir (matrix permeability), fluid (saturation pressure and condensate-gas ratio), and well constraints (bottomhole pressure and rates). The effect of these factors, grouped into decision and uncertainty variables, on well productivity were examined to identify the optimal combination of values for each decision variable, considering the impact of uncertainty variables represented by a statistical metric. Completion techniques and proppant selection that maximize well productivity in conventional or even tight formations by maximizing fracture conductivity are not necessarily optimal for ultra-low-permeability reservoirs. The marginal benefit of higher fracture conductivity diminishes rapidly in such reservoirs, and lower-grade proppants can be used. The optimal completion strategy consists of balancing the effects of decision variables based on a clear objective of maximizing reserves or accelerating production or a specific combination thereof. This is because the variables interact; for example, longer fractures both accelerate production and add reserves (bigger drainage volumes), whereas if drainage volumes interfere, closer fracture spacing can accelerate production without increasing reserves. The rapid falloff in production rates for wells in ultra-low-permeability reservoirs encourages operators to establish high initial rates. In liquids-rich wells, such a strategy can leave a large quantity of unproduced liquids in the fractures that also impedes production rates. At a very low drawdown, however, the well may not even produce. Hence, an optimal production strategy maximizing the liquid yield at the surface should be planned and employed. During the fracture-treatment design process, large uncertainties that affect fracture geometry and properties are often ignored, leading to designs that are suboptimal for well productivity in the field. This study considers decision and uncertainty variables related to both completion and production. Insights developed with respect to the interaction of various factors from the study allow for a fuller understanding and provide practical guidelines for completion and production practices. The dynamic behavior of condensate banks in the presence of hydraulic fractures as it relates to production practices is also examined—this has not been discussed in detail in the literature.
Simulation of Near-Infrared Light Absorption Considering Individual Head and Prefrontal Cortex Anatomy: Implications for Optical Neuroimaging (2011)

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an established optical neuroimaging method for measuring functional hemodynamic responses to infer neural activation. However, the impact of individual anatomy on the sensitivity of fNIRS measuring hemodynamics within cortical gray matter is still unknown. By means of Monte Carlo simulations and structural MRI of 23 healthy subjects (mean age: 25.0±2.8 years), we characterized the individual distribution of tissue-specific NIR-light absorption underneath 24 prefrontal fNIRS channels. We, thereby, investigated the impact of scalp-cortex distance (SCD), frontal sinus volume as well as sulcal morphology on gray matter volumes (V(gray)) traversed by NIR-light, i.e. anatomy-dependent fNIRS sensitivity. The NIR-light absorption between optodes was distributed describing a rotational ellipsoid with a mean penetration depth of (23.6±0.7) mm considering the deepest 5% of light. Of the detected photon packages scalp and bone absorbed (96.4±9.7)% and V(gray) absorbed (3.1±1.8)% of the energy. The mean V(gray) volume (1.1±0.4) cm3 was negatively correlated (r=-.76) with the SCD and frontal sinus volume (r=-.57) and was reduced by 41.5% in subjects with relatively large compared to small frontal sinus. Head circumference was significantly positively correlated with the mean SCD (r=.46) and the traversed frontal sinus volume (r=.43). Sulcal morphology had no significant impact on V(gray). Our findings suggest to consider individual SCD and frontal sinus volume as anatomical factors impacting fNIRS sensitivity. Head circumference may represent a practical measure to partly control for these sources of error variance.
Editorial: Prostate Cancer (1997)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Editorial1 Mar 1997Editorial: Prostate Cancer Ian M. Thompson Ian M. ThompsonIan M. Thompson View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65083-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial: Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 157(3), pp. 919–920 References 1 : Appropriateness Criteria for Imaging and Treatment Decisions. Reston, Virginia: American College of Radiology1995. Google Scholar 2 : Geographical and temporal patterns of incidence and mortality from prostate cancer. Urology1995; 46: 47. Google Scholar 3 : Race, treatment, and long-term survival from prostate cancer in an equal-access medical care delivery system. J.A.M.A.1995; 274: 1599. Google Scholar 4 : Age-specific reference ranges for serum prostate-specific antigen in black men. New Engl. J. Med.1996; 335: 304. Google Scholar 5 : Assessment of screening for prostate cancer using the digital rectal examination. J. Urol.1989; 141: 1136. Link, Google Scholar 6 Carroll, P. R.: Panel discussion. Urologic oncology and diversions. AUA Postgraduate Course, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 4, 1996. Google Scholar Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 157Issue 3March 1997Page: 919-920 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ian M. Thompson More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
SOS1, a Genetic Locus Essential for Salt Tolerance and Potassium Acquisition. (1996)

To begin to determine which genes are essential for salt tolerance in higher plants, we identified four salt-hypersensitive mutants of Arabidopsis by using a root-bending assay on NaCl-containing agar plates. These mutants (sos1-1, sos1-2, sos1-3, and sos1-4) are allelic to each other and were caused by single recessive nuclear mutations. The SOS1 gene was mapped to chromosome 2 at 29.5 [plusmn] 6.1 centimorgans. The mutants showed no phenotypic changes except that their growth was >20 times more sensitive to inhibition by NaCl. Salt hypersensitivity is a basic cellular trait exhibited by the mutants at all developmental stages. The sos1 mutants are specifically hypersensitive to Na+ and Li+. The mutants were unable to grow on media containing low levels (below ~1 mM) of potassium. Uptake experiments using 86Rb showed that sos1 mutants are defective in high-affinity potassium uptake. sos1 plants became deficient in potassium when treated with NaCl. The results demonstrate that potassium acquisition is a critical process for salt tolerance in glycophytic plants.
Implementation of the epsilon psilon dataflow processor (2002)

Based on an operation-level, static dataflow model of computation, the processor uses a directly addressed matching store rather than a traditional associative matching store. The design is implemented with off-the-shelf ICs on a single circuit board. Sustained performance comparable to that of commercial minisupercomputers is demonstrated. Two variations of the processor architecture are constructed, with the second building extensively on the experience gained from the first. The second prototype is studied in great detail, and the resulting insights lead to the development of a new architecture, epsilon psilon-2. The architectures and specific implementations involved in this progression are described. The knowledge gained in the physical construction and the performance assessment of each are presented along with the resulting architectural modifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of peracetic acid and monochloramine on the inactivation of Naegleria lovaniensis (2003)

Biocidal activities of monochloramine and peracetic acid were studied on cysts of Naegleria lovaniensis. Until recently the most commonly used biocide to disinfect cooling water systems was hypochlorite. Owing to its negative impact on the aquatic environment, ecologically less harmful alternatives have been sought. As the biocidal activity of monochloramine and peracetic acid makes them good candidates for inactivation of pathogenic Naegleria species, these biocides were tested against Naegleria lovaniensis, a relative of the pathogen Naegleria fowleri, as an alternative treatment to hypochlorite. Under laboratory conditions the biocidal activity of hypochlorite was 8- 10x stronger than that of the two investigated substances. Hypochlorite, at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L, killed 100% Naegleria lovaniensis after 1 h exposure (25 degrees C, pH 7.3- 7.4). To achieve similar results with monochloramine and peracetic acid, 3.94 mg/L or 5.33 mg/L had to be used respectively (25 degrees C, pH 8). It was known that the in situ biota of the biofilm, along with any organic material in the water column, had a negative impact on the efficiency of the biocides. There are, however, indications that the relative efficacy of monochloramine and peracetic acid was quite good under such conditions when compared with hypochlorite.
Mandibular Elongation and Remodeling by Distraction (1995)

A modified technique for mandibular distraction is reported: an oblique corticotomy is made in the external cortex of the mandible at the level of the gonial angle. Two intraosseous stainless steel pins are inserted and are joined by a softer distraction screw. We make two corticotomies, one horizontal and one vertical, and insert three pins to achieve bidirectional distraction when the mandibular body and the ascending ramus are hypoplasic. This procedure has been used in 87 patients with unilateral hemifacial microsomia and 19 patients with bilateral mandibular hypoplasia. A mean elongation of 19 mm was obtained in the unilateral group. In the bilateral cases a mean vertical elongation of 7.5 mm and a mean horizontal elongation of 14 mm were obtained. A great improvement of the facial asymmetry was achieved in all the patients. The follow-up in this series varies from 3 months to 3 1/2 years (mean, 19 months in unilateral cases and 12 months in bilateral cases). No relapses have been observed.
Association between the Insulin Resistance of Puberty and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I/Growth Hormone Axis (2002)

To test the hypothesis that the relative insulin resistance of puberty is associated with changes in IGF-I levels, we compared IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and IGFBP-1 levels to insulin resistance [M(lbm), milligrams glucose used per kilogram of lean body mass (LBM) per minute] measured during euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp studies in 342 children and adolescents. IGF-I levels rose and fell during the Tanner stages of puberty in a pattern that closely followed the rise and fall of insulin resistance. IGF-I levels were significantly related to M(lbm) in boys (P = 0.0006) and girls (P = 0.02). IGF-I was significantly related to fasting insulin levels only in girls (P = 0.006; boys, P = 0.26), and this relation was significantly influenced in girls by body fat (P = 0.007), with the strongest association between IGF-I and fasting insulin seen in thin girls. IGFBP-1 correlated negatively with insulin resistance in both boys (P = 0.0004) and girls (P = 0.04), whereas IGFBP-3 correlated positively with insulin resistance in boys (P = 0.0004) but not girls (P = 0.85). These data suggest that the GH/IGF-I axis is an important contributor to the insulin resistance of puberty.
On the Export of Fatty Acids from the Chloroplast (2004)

The model for export of fatty acids from plastids proposes that the acyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein) product of de novo fatty acid synthesis is hydrolyzed in the stroma by acyl-ACP thioesterases and the free fatty acid (FFA) released is then transferred to the outer envelope of the plastid where it is reactivated to acyl-CoA for utilization in cytosolic glycerolipid synthesis. Experiments were performed to assess whether the delivery of nascent FFA from the stroma for long chain acyl-CoA synthesis (LACS) occurs via simple diffusion or a more complex mechanism. The flux through the in vivo FFA pool was estimated using kinetic labeling experiments with spinach and pea leaves. The maximum half-life for FFA in the export pool was < or =1 s. Isolated pea chloroplasts incubated in the light with [14C]acetate gave a linear accumulation of FFA. When CoASH and ATP were present there was also a linear accumulation of acyl-CoA thioesters (plus derived polar lipids), with no measurable lag phase (<30 s), indicating that the FFA pool supplying LACS rapidly reached steady state. The LACS reaction was also measured independently in the dark after in situ generated FFA had accumulated yielding estimates of LACS substrate-velocity relationships. Based on these experiments the LACS reaction with in situ generated FFA as substrate is only about 3% of the LACS activity required in vivo at the very low concentrations of the FFA export pool calculated from the in vivo experiment. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin rapidly removed in situ generated FFA from chloroplasts, but could not compete effectively for "nascent" FFA substrates of LACS. Together the data suggest a locally channeled pool of exported FFA that is closely linked to LACS.
Improved control of mealtime glucose excursions with coadministration of nateglinide and metformin. (2000)

Combination therapy with nateglinide and metformin was more effective than either treatment alone and did not result in any pharmacokinetic interactions. Coadministration of nateglinide and metformin appears to be an excellent option for treating patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled with monotherapy.
Web scale information extraction with LODIE (2013)

Information Extraction (IE) is the technique for transforming unstructured textual data into structured representation that can be understood by machines. The exponential growth of the Web generates an exceptional quantity of data for which automatic knowledge capture is essential. This work describes the methodology for Web scale Information Extraction adopted by the LODIE project (Linked Open Data Information Extraction). LODIE aims to develop Information Extraction techniques able to (i) scale at web level and (ii) adapt to user information need. The core idea behind LODIE is the usage of Linked Open Data, a very large-scale information resource, as a ground-breaking solution for IE, which provides invaluable annotated data on a growing number of domains.
Novel Synthesis of a 1,3,5-Trioxazatriquinane Skeleton Using a Nitrogen Clamp (2008)

An alpha-hydroxyaldehyde derived from naltrexone was converted to an oxazoline dimer with ammonium chloride and sodium acetate in MeOH under reflux. The resulting dimer was treated with dl-camphorsulfonic acid in CHCl(3) to give the trimer. The method for trimer synthesis was also applied to general alpha-hydroxyaldehydes to afford trimers in good yield.
E2F-1 and E2F-3 are functionally distinct in their ability to promote myeloid cell cycle progression and block granulocyte differentiation. (1998)

Interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent 32D.3 myeloid cells are an attractive model system for the analysis of hematopoietic cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In these cells, E2F-3, E2F-4, and DP-1 are regulated by both IL-3 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), whereas E2F-1 was expressed at low levels and was not regulated by either cytokine. E2F-2 and E2F-5 were not detectable. To examine phenotypes associated with the loss of normal cell cycle regulation by pRb, we established E2F-1- and E2F-3-overexpressing cell lines. In contrast to E2F-1, E2F-3 overexpression did not accelerate apoptosis or promote S-phase entry in the absence of IL-3, demonstrating that they are not functionally redundant. In addition, when cells were cultured in G-CSF to stimulate granulocytic differentiation, E2F-1 overexpression overrode survival functions provided by G-CSF and serum and induced apoptosis. In contrast, cells overexpressing E2F-3 exhibited normal granulocytic differentiation. Bcl-2 coexpression blocked E2F-1-induced apoptosis in the presence of G-CSF. However, these cells were blocked in the granulocytic differentiation program at the metamyelocyte stage and remained dependent on G-CSF for continuous culture. Cells overexpressing both E2F-1 and Bcl-2 exhibited slowed but continuous cell cycling in the absence of IL-3 until they eventually succumbed to apoptosis. Therefore, E2F-1, but not E2F-3, can temporally replace the requirement for growth factors to promote cell cycle progression, and in terminally differentiating cells, this leads to a block in differentiation and induction of apoptosis.
Steady-state localization of a medial-Golgi glycosyltransferase involves transit through the trans-Golgi network (2001)

The steady-state localization of medial-Golgi enzymes is likely to involve retrograde transport pathways; however, the trafficking of these resident enzymes through the Golgi stack is unclear. To investigate if the medial-Golgi enzyme β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-TI) is transported to the late Golgi, a modified GlcNAc-TI bearing an N-glycan site on the C-terminus was constructed. The modified GlcNAc-TI was demonstrated to be functionally active in vivo, and was localized to the Golgi stack of transfected cells. In stable Chinese-hamster ovary (CHO) cell clones, the N-glycosylated GlcNAc-TI carried sialylated complex N-glycan chains. Pulse-chase studies showed that the majority of GlcNAc-TI was sialylated within 60min of synthesis. Treatment of transfected CHO cells with Brefeldin A resulted in the glycosylated GlcNAc-TI bearing endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H resistant chains; however, the sialylation of glycosylated GlcNAc-TI was dramatically reduced. These data imply that, in CHO cells, newly synthesized GlcNAc-TI is transported rapidly through the Golgi stack to the trans-Golgi network, suggesting that GlcNAc-TI continuously recycles from the late Golgi. Furthermore, this data suggests that retrograde transport pathways play an important role in establishing the asymmetric distribution of GlcNAc-TI within the Golgi stack.
A pair of asymmetric weighting receivers and polyphase codes for efficient aperiodic correlations (2006)

Sequences with low autocorrelation levels are highly desirable in digital communication. Conventional sidelobe reduction techniques have suffered from performance degradations in range resolutions and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains. In this paper we propose a way to synthesize amplitude weight correlators for polyphase codes. These weighted codes generate sidelobes that are lower than those found in Barker codes. The sidelobe level is kept uniformly flat over all time delays while the range resolution loss is prevented. Unlike the Barker codes, the proposed technique is not limited by the code length. The technique is easy to implement and incurs a minimal SNR loss.
Data Driven Radar Detection Models: A Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks and Non Parametric Density Estimators on Synthetically Generated Radar Data (2019)

A rapid and agile development in the field of autonomous driving requires in particular the use of simulation. In order to ensure functional safety even in consequence of sensory defects, measurement deviations, or an incorrect environment model it is necessary to implement sensor models. Various data driven sensor modeling approaches, which are of particular interest for car manufacturers, have been introduced. In this paper we compare the learning capabilities of two different modeling approaches: Deep generative networks and non parametric density estimators. For comparative purposes and to give a detailed and realistic insight of existing strengths and weaknesses of each approach we use an, beyond the current state of the art, algorithm to generate a synthetic dataset.
呵欠:下丘脑旁室一氧化氮的作用(英文) (1999)

Yawning is a phylogenetically old, stereotypedevent that occurs alone or associated with stretchingand/or penile erection in humans, in animals fromreptiles to birds and mammals, under differentconditions. Several neurotransmitters and neuro-peptides are involved in its control at the central level.One of these at the level of the paraventricularhypothalamic nucleus (PVHN) is nitric oxide (NO).First, NO synthase inhibitors injected into thishypothalamic nucleus prevent yawning induced bydopamine agonists, oxytocin or N-methyl-D-asparticacid (NMDA), Which induce yawning by activating
Publisher’s Note: Demonstration of a Quantum Controlled-NOT Gate in the Telecommunications Band [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>100</b>, 133603 (2008)] (2008)

Received 4 April 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.149903©2008 American Physical Society
Effective Regression Testing Using Requirements and Risks (2014)

The use of system requirements and their risks enables software testers to identify more important test cases that can reveal faults associated with risky components. Having identified those test cases, software testers can manage the testing schedule more effectively by running such test cases earlier so that they can fix faults sooner. Some work in this area has been done, but the previous approaches and studies have some limitations, such as an improper use of requirements risks in prioritization and an inadequate evaluation method. To address the limitations, we implemented a new requirements risk-based prioritization technique and evaluated it considering whether the proposed approach can detect faults earlier overall. It can also detect faults associated with risky components earlier. Our results indicate that the proposed approach is effective for detecting faults early and even better for finding faults associated with risky components of the system earlier than the existing techniques.