gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with multiplane wave imaging (2017)

Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging offers great opportunities for new ultrasound applications by improving the contrast between blood and tissue using microbubbles. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the low mechanical index (MI) requirement can be an issue in practice. Multiplane wave (MW) imaging is a technique recently proposed to increase the SNR for compounding plane wave imaging. In this study, we propose to combine CEUS with MW imaging to improve SNR without elevating MI in plane-wave-based CEUS imaging.
Terahertz interferometric imaging of a concealed object (2006)

Experimental results of two-dimensional homodyne terahertz interferometric imaging are presented. The performance of an <i>N</i> element detector array is imitated by only one detector placed at <i>N</i> positions. Continuous waves at 0.25-0.3 THz are used to detect concealed objects: a metal object and an RDX sample. The terahertz interferometric imaging method can be used in defense and security applications to detect concealed weapons, explosives as well as chemical and biological agents.
Optical threshold logic elements for digital computation (1984)

A hybrid integrated optical threshold logic element is proposed for fast digital computation on a chip level. Each input and output optical beam occupies a separate channel and is coupled directly to the source. This suggests the possibility of achieving reliable optical digital operation in a complex network. Such a network is expected to be particularly compact because one or several threshold logic elements may replace many simple optical logic elements. The devices are also capable of high-speed programmability, so the same set of elements can serve different functions. Applications to conventional arithmetic computation and to high-speed residue arithmetic computation are presented.
Localization and Segmentation of Medical Image Objects using Deformable Shape Loci (1996)

Robust localization and segmentation of normal anatomical objects in medical images require (1) methods for creating descriptive object models that adequately capture object shape and expected shape variation across a population, (2) methods for combining such shape models with unclassified image data, and (3) means for localizing and extracting corresponding objects from the image data using the model. A Bayesian approach is well suited as a general analytic framework for such a process; object shape models are associated with the prior, image information is associated with the likelihood function, and the posterior provides a means for combining models with images in a way that makes it possible to localize and segment normal figural shapes. Prior models that include multiscale medial and boundary analysis are well matched with a Bayesian approach since such models directly capture i) figural shape, ii) inter-figural shape relationships, and iii) boundary shape and location relative to figural shape. Described in this paper is such an approach to model-based segmentation, called deformable shape loci (DSLs), that has been successfully applied to 2D MR slices of the brain ventricle and CT slices of abdominal organs. The method combines the model and image data by warping the model to optimize an objective function measuring both the conformation of the warped model to the image data and the preservation of local neighbor relationships in the model. Large scale medial information stabilizes the
Wide-field Raman imaging of dental lesions (2014)

Detection of dental caries at the onset remains as a great challenge in dentistry. Raman spectroscopy could be successfully applied towards detecting caries since it is sensitive to the amount of Raman active mineral crystals, the most abundant component of enamel. Effective diagnosis requires full examination of a tooth surface via Raman mapping. Point-scan Raman mapping is not clinically relevant (feasible) due to lengthy data acquisition time. In this work, a wide-field Raman imaging system was assembled based on a high-sensitivity 2D CCD camera for imaging the mineralization status of teeth with lesions. Wide-field images indicated some lesions to be hypomineralized and others to be hypermineralized. The observations of wide-field Raman imaging were in agreement with point-scan Raman mapping. Therefore, sound enamel and lesions can be discriminated by Raman imaging of the mineral content. In conclusion, wide-field Raman imaging is a potentially useful tool for visualization of dental lesions in the clinic.
A Folate Receptor-α–Specific Ligand That Targets Cancer Tissue and Not Sites of Inflammation (2012)

The new targeting ligand DMTHF enables selective noninvasive imaging and therapy of tumor tissues in the presence of inflammation.
Specifying and compiling applications for RaPiD (2002)

Efficient, deeply pipelined implementations exist for a wide variety of important computation-intensive applications, and many special-purpose hardware machines have been built that take advantage of these pipelined computation structures. While these implementations achieve high performance, this comes at the expense of flexibility. On the other hand, flexible architectures proposed thus far have not been very efficient. RaPiD is a reconfigurable pipelined datapath architecture designed to provide a combination of performance and flexibility for a variety of applications. It uses a combination of static and dynamic control to efficiently implement pipelined computations. This control, however, is very complicated; specifying a computation's control circuitry directly would be prohibitively difficult. This paper describes how specifications of a pipelined computation in a suitably high-level language are compiled into the control required to implement that computation in the RaPiD architecture. The compiler extracts a statically configured datapath from this description, identifies the dynamic control signals required to execute the computation, and then produces the control program and decoding structure that generates these dynamic control signals.
ChemInform Abstract: Zwitterionic Oligonucleotides with 2′‐O‐[3‐(N,N‐Dimethylamino)propyl]‐RNA Modification: Synthesis and Properties. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of Peptide Libraries for Identification and Optimization of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides (2016)

The increasing rates of resistance among bacteria and to a lesser extent fungi have resulted in an urgent need to find new molecules that hold therapeutic promise against multidrug-resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides have proven very effective against a variety of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, the low levels of resistance reported towards these molecules are an attractive feature for antimicrobial drug development. Here we summarise information on diverse peptide libraries used to discover or to optimize antimicrobial peptides. Chemical synthesized peptide libraries, for example split and mix method, tea bag method, multi-pin method and cellulose spot method are discussed. In addition biological peptide library screening methods are summarized, like phage display, bacterial display, mRNA-display and ribosomal display. A few examples are given for small peptide libraries, which almost exclusively follow a rational design of peptides of interest rather than a combinatorial approach.
ChemInform Abstract: 6ALPHA‐SUBSTITUTED PENICILLINS (1974)

Abstract Aus der Aminoformylverbindung (I) erhält man mit Phosgen bei ‐40°C in Gegenwart von tert. Basen ein 45 :55‐Gemisch aus dem öß‐Isonitril (IIa) und dem öa‐Epimeren, von denen (IIa) mit Alkylhalogeniden in Dimethylformamid und in Gegenwart von Kaliumcarbonat zu den Substitutionsprodukten (IIb)‐(IId) reagiert.
Molecular identification of a major quantitative trait locus, <i>qLTG3–1</i> , controlling low-temperature germinability in rice (2008)

Tolerance to abiotic stress is an important agronomic trait in crops and is controlled by many genes, which are called quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Identification of these QTLs will contribute not only to the understanding of plant biology but also for plant breeding, to achieve stable crop production around the world. Previously, we mapped three QTLs controlling low-temperature tolerance at the germination stage (called low-temperature germinability). To understand the molecular basis of one of these QTLs, qLTG3-1 (quantitative trait locus for low-temperature germinability on chromosome 3), map-based cloning was performed, and this QTL was shown to be encoded by a protein of unknown function. The QTL qLTG3-1 is strongly expressed in the embryo during seed germination. Before and during seed germination, specific localization of beta-glucuronidase staining in the tissues covering the embryo, which involved the epiblast covering the coleoptile and the aleurone layer of the seed coat, was observed. Expression of qLTG3-1 was tightly associated with vacuolation of the tissues covering the embryo. This may cause tissue weakening, resulting in reduction of the mechanical resistance to the growth potential of the coleoptile. These phenomena are quite similar to the model system of seed germination presented by dicot plants, suggesting that this model may be conserved in both dicot and monocot plants.
Method for the Nondestructive Evaluation of Thermal Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steels. (1996)

To verify and maintain the integrity of duplex stainless steels currently in service, we conducted a study aiming to develop a method to nondestructively estimate their Charpy-impact energy at room temperature. Hardness of the ferrite phase was found to be a reliable indicator of the process of embrittlement during long-term heating of duplex stainless steels, but further information on the ferrite phase and the austenite phase is required for the estimation of Charpy-impact energy. An equation involving the hardness values of the ferrite and austenite phases, the ferrite content and the average spacing of ferrite-phase islands was found to be applicable in the nondestructive estimation of Charpy-impact energy at room temperature.
Orally Active Thrombin Inhibitors. Part 1. Optimization of the P1‐Moiety. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Performance Graphene Oxide Based Rubber Composites (2013)

In this paper, graphene oxide/styrene-butadiene rubber (GO/SBR) composites with complete exfoliation of GO sheets were prepared by aqueous-phase mixing of GO colloid with SBR latex and a small loading of butadiene-styrene-vinyl-pyridine rubber (VPR) latex, followed by their co-coagulation. During co-coagulation, VPR not only plays a key role in the prevention of aggregation of GO sheets but also acts as an interface-bridge between GO and SBR. The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the GO/SBR composite with 2.0 vol.% GO is comparable with those of the SBR composite reinforced with 13.1 vol.% of carbon black (CB), with a low mass density and a good gas barrier ability to boot. The present work also showed that GO-silica/SBR composite exhibited outstanding wear resistance and low-rolling resistance which make GO-silica/SBR very competitive for the green tire application, opening up enormous opportunities to prepare high performance rubber composites for future engineering applications.
Human Breathing Rate Estimation from Radar Returns Using Harmonically Related Filters (2016)

Radar-based noncontact sensing of life sign signals is often used in safety and rescue missions during disasters such as earthquakes and avalanches and for home care applications. The radar returns obtained from a human target contain the breathing frequency along with its strong higher harmonics depending on the target’s posture. As a consequence, well understood, computationally efficient, and the most popular traditional FFT-based estimators that rely only on the strongest peak for estimates of breathing rates may be inaccurate. The paper proposes a solution for correcting the estimation errors of such single peak-based algorithms. The proposed method is based on using harmonically related comb filters over a set of all possible breathing frequencies. The method is tested on three subjects for different postures, for different distances between the radar and the subject, and for two different radar platforms: PN-UWB and phase modulated-CW (PM-CW) radars. Simplified algorithms more suitable for real-time implementation have also been proposed and compared using accuracy and computational complexity. The proposed breathing rate estimation algorithms provide a reduction of about 81% and 80% in the mean absolute error of breathing rates in comparison to the traditional FFT-based methods using strongest peak detection, for PN-UWB and PM-CW radars, respectively.
Compact Cavity-Backed Discone Array for Conformal Omnidirectional Antenna Applications (2020)

A compact shallow cavity-backed discone array for conformal omnidirectional vertically polarized antenna applications is investigated. The antenna described consists of four discone antennas arranged in a ring array in a circular contoured conical cavity covered with a radome. The individual discone antennas are fed with coaxial transmission lines. This paper describes the antenna design and electromagnetic simulations of the antenna array. Good omnidirectional realized gain radiation patterns are demonstrated over the 960 MHz to 1215 MHz Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) band, an approximate 23% bandwidth.
Increased flexibility in GRASE imaging by <i>k</i> space‐banded phase encoding (1995)

GRASE (GRadient and spin Echo) is an echo train imaging technique that combines gradient and RF refocusing. Although overall signal decay is with T2 and field inhomogeneity phase errors do not accumulate, the small residual phase errors are periodic with echo number. The echo order described previously eliminates the phase error periodicity in k space but instead creates periodicity in the T2 modulation function that can also cause artifacts. In addition, with this order, the effective TE must be half the echo train time, and asymmetric Fourier sampling is difficult to implement. A new method is described that greatly reduces artifacts due to T2 decay, permits greater control of T2 contrast, and lends itself to asymmetric Fourier sampling. Different time segments of the echo train are encoded with different bands of spatial frequency in k space (hence "k banding"). Both computer simulations and experimental results demonstrate improvements in GRASE images acquired by this method.
Context-Sensitive Arabic Spell Checker Using Context Words and N-Gram Language Models (2013)

This paper addresses real-word spell checking using context words and n-gram language models. A corpus that consists of different Arabic topics is collected. A collection of confusion sets is normally used in addressing real-word errors. Twenty eight confusion sets are chosen in our experiments. These sets were collected from the most common confused words made by non-native Arabic speakers and from OCR misrecognized words. The probabilities of the context words of the confusion sets are estimated using a window-based technique. N-gram language models are used to detect real-word errors and to choose the best correction for the errors once found. An automatic context-sensitive spell checking prototype that detects and corrects real-word errors in Arabic text is implemented. The experimental results showed promising correction accuracy.
<br /> Towards TW Few-Cycle Infrared Laser Pulses via Fourier Optical Parametric Amplification (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Ernotte, P. Lassonde, M. Giguère, B. E. Schmidt, and F. Légaré, "Towards TW Few-Cycle Infrared Laser Pulses via Fourier Optical Parametric Amplification," in International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper UTu4A.44. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Magnetic circuit optimization for angle measurement with magnetoresistive sensors in automotive applications (2007)

Magnetic angle measurement can be realized very advantageously by using magnetoresistive sensors, as the magnetoresistive effect is an angular effect by itself. The reader has been introduced to an angle measurement system containing the sensor element itself, but also an ASIC comprising the signal-conditioning. In many applications, such a sensor system is used with block magnets. By means of simulation the optimum magnet dimensions were obtained for a given magnet volume. Regarding mechanical tolerances, excentricity errors of the magnet may be neglected and excentricity errors of the sensor element out of the axis of rotation also yield only small angular errors, if reasonably sized magnets are used. Magnetoresistive sensors are therefore an ideal solution for angle measurements in a wide range of applications.
Differentiated human adipose‐derived stem cells exhibit hepatogenic capability in vitro and in vivo (2010)

The availability of suitable human livers for transplantation falls short of the number of potential patients. In addition, the availability of primary human hepatocytes for cell-therapy and drug development applications is significantly limited; less than 700 livers per year are available for such studies. However, the majority of these organs cannot be utilized due to pathological infections (e.g., HepB, HepC, or HIV) or excessive levels of steatosis. Thus, the number of cells needed for cell therapy applications far exceeds the number of cells available from donated livers. The ability to implant progenitor cell populations that can form liver tissue in situ, or can be differentiated in vitro would be a major advance in current cell-based therapies. In addition, and importantly for this application, the ability to utilize a non-hepatic progenitor cell to mimic hepatocytes in vitro would enable the scale-up production of cells for bioartifical liver assist devices, cell-therapy and drug discovery applications. We demonstrate the feasibility of inducing adipose-derived stromal (ASC) cells to express several features of human hepatocytes such as glycogen storage and expression of liver specific genes. Importantly, we also show that undifferentiated ASCs and ASC-derived hepatic cells engraft robustly into the liver in a mouse model of toxic injury. These data indicate a significant potential for the use of undifferentiated ASCs and ASC-derived hepatic cells as novel and valuable products for cell therapy.
Observation of the n(3He,t)p Reaction by Detection of Far-Ultraviolet Radiation (2008)

We have detected Lyman alpha radiation as a product of the n(3He,t)p nuclear reaction occurring in a cell of 3He gas. The predominant source of this radiation appears to be decay of the 2p state of tritium produced by charge transfer and excitation collisions with the background 3He gas. Under the experimental conditions reported here we find yields of tens of Lyman alpha photons for every neutron reaction. These results suggest a method of cold neutron detection that is complementary to existing technologies that use proportional counters. In particular, this approach may provide single neutron sensitivity with wide dynamic range capability, and a class of neutron detectors that are compact and operate at relatively low voltages.
Low-complexity relay precoder designs for two-way AF MIMO relay systems (2016)

An eigenmode-selection approach was recently presented for relay precoding subject to the minimum/maximum sum of condition numbers of the effective multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels in a two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) MIMO relay system. Although this method can achieve close-to-optimal performance, it would involve high search complexity for the solution in a relay precoding set of size 2·M!, where M is the degrees of freedom of the MIMO relay system. In this paper, we propose low-complexity relay precoder designs based on eigenmode selection for two-way AF MIMO relay systems. We first exploit the properties of condition numbers of the effective MIMO channels, and then present two set-reduction methods accordingly for eigenmode-selection precoding to minimize/maximize the sum of condition numbers. As compared with the original eigenmode-selection precoding scheme, the proposed designs reach similar performance but reduce the search complexity by a factor of M(M-1).
A FORMAL YET PRACTICAL APPROACH TO ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (2002)

This work explores (semi-)automated EC on the WWW. The EContracts framework enables EC WWW sites and EC automated tools to present standardized information. This information (1) allows each party to decide whether it wishes to engage in an EC activity with the other party, (2) enables automated negotiation between the parties, and (3) enables the establishment of an electronic contract, i.e. a formal description of an agreed upon EC transaction. The EContracts framework defines the basic software components of an EC party and their interconnections. Based on the EContracts framework, various applications can be built. Examples are deal making applications, deal feasibility checkers, brokers etc. Furthermore, the definitions of the data structures and the algorithms enable a theoretical investigation of automated commerce.
Apparatus for measuring slag or ash in a furnace (1987)

With increasingly mature commercial operations, football has become the most popular sport in the world. As the main body of football, athletes are prone to injury due to an increasing degree of competition intensity. Their health determines the length of these athletes careers, especially regarding the lower limbs that are mainly used. Therefore, the smart visualization approaches that can realize such function are in urgent demand in the area of sports healthcare. Benefitted by the strong ability of perception and analysis, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is utilized to construct an intelligent data analysis-based medical management method for the lower limb health of football athletes. First, the CNN is formulated as the main backbone, and its parameters are optimized for multiple rounds during the training stage. Then, a statistical analysis software named SPSS is introduced to assess the effect mechanism of different postures on lower limbs. Some experiments are carried out on simulative data to evaluate the proposed method, and results show a good performance of the proposed method.
Discovering Chronicles with Numerical Time Constraints from Alarm Logs for Monitoring Dynamic Systems (1999)

We address the problem of knowledge acquisition for alarm correlation in a complex dynamic system like a telecommunications network. To reduce the amount of information coming from telecommunications equipment, one needs to preprocess the alarm stream and we propose here a way to acquire some knowledge to do that. The key idea is that only the frequent alarm sets are relevant for reducing the information stream: we aggregate frequent relevant information and suppress frequent noisy information. We propose algorithms for analysing alarm logs: first stage is to discover frequently occurring temporally-constrained alarm sets (called chronicles) and second stage is to filter them according to their interdependency level. We also show experimental results with an actual telecommunications ATM network.