gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preventing Use of Recursive Nameservers in Reflector Attacks (2008)

This document describes ways to prevent the use of default configured
recursive nameservers as reflectors in Denial of Service (DoS)
attacks. Recommended configuration as measures to mitigate the attack
are given.
A Comparison of Hydroponics, Soil, and Root Staining Methods for Evaluation of Aluminum Tolerance in <i>Medicago truncatula</i> (Barrel Medic) Germplasm (2007)

ABSTRACT Aluminum toxicity and soil acidity are major constraints in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa subsp. sativa ) production in the world. Despite intense research efforts, neither an effective screening procedure nor an Al‐tolerant alfalfa germplasm is available. This dictates the need for identifying a new source of Al‐tolerant genes in the closely related species M. truncatula (barrel medic). Our objectives were to compare three Al tolerance screening methods: (i) a seedling‐based hydroponics method, (ii) a soil‐based plant method, and (iii) an Al‐stressed seedling‐based lumogallion root staining method in 32 M. truncatula accessions. The soil system compared the genotypes for dry root and shoot weights in unlimed soil and for relative weights. The lumogallion root staining of Al‐stressed seedlings compared the genotypes for fluorescence intensity of Al‐bound lumogallion within the root tips. In the hydroponics system, the genotypes were compared for root elongation and relative growth. The three methods were different from each other, with altered rankings for genotypes across the methods. The soil assay demonstrated a higher capacity for discriminating Al response among genotypes with a higher reproducibility. Most of the genotypes that were Al‐tolerant in soil were also Al‐tolerant using the hydroponics and root staining methods. The results suggested that a combination of soil‐based and hydroponics screening might be essential to identify Al‐tolerant genotypes possessing multiple Al tolerance mechanisms.
A radio-ligand receptor assay for the long-acting thyroid stimulator. Inhibition by the long-acting thyroid stimulator of the binding of radioiodinated thyroid-stimulating hormone to human thyroid membranes (1975)

Highly purified bovine TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) was labelled with 125I by using very low concentrations of chloramine-T. Human thyroid membranes prepared by discontinuous sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation were homogeneous on examination by electron microscopy. Incubation of radioiodinated TSH with the membranes showed that radioactivity could be bound to the membranes. Under the experimental conditions described here, binding was dependent on time and temperature and was a saturable phenomenon. Preincubation of the membranes with unlabelled hormone inhibited the subsequent binding of 125I-labelled TSH. Similarly, inhibition by the long-acting thyroid stimulator also showed a saturation behaviour. A rapid and sensitive method for the detection of the long-acting thyroid stimulator is described.
Depletion of CD8+ Cells in Sooty Mangabey Monkeys Naturally Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Reveals Limited Role for Immune Control of Virus Replication in a Natural Host Species (2007)

SIV infection of sooty mangabeys (SMs), a natural host species, does not cause AIDS despite high-level virus replication. In contrast, SIV infection of nonnatural hosts such as rhesus macaques (RMs) induces an AIDS-like disease. The depletion of CD8+ T cells during SIV infection of RMs results in marked increases in plasma viremia, suggesting a key role for CD8+ T cells in controlling levels of SIV replication. To assess the role that CD8+ T cells play in determining the virologic and immunologic features of nonpathogenic SIV infection in SMs, we transiently depleted CD8+ T cells in SIV-infected and uninfected SMs using a CD8alpha-specific Ab (OKT8F) previously used in studies of SIV-infected RMs. Treatment of SMs with the OKT8F Ab resulted in the prompt and profound depletion of CD8+ T cells. However, in contrast to CD8+ cell depleted, SIV-infected RMs, only minor changes in the levels of plasma viremia were observed in most SIV-infected SMs during the period of CD8+ cell deficiency. Those SMs demonstrating greater increases in SIV replication following CD8+ cell depletion also displayed higher levels of CD4+ T cell activation and/or evidence of CMV reactivation, suggesting that an expanded target cell pool rather than the absence of CD8+ T cell control may have been primarily responsible for transient increases in viremia. These data indicate that CD8+ T cells exert a limited influence in determining the levels of SIV replication in SMs and provide additional evidence demonstrating that the absence of AIDS in SIV-infected SMs is not due to the effective control of viral replication by cellular immune responses.
Preparation of Long Templates for RNA In Vitro Transcription by Recursive PCR (2012)

Preparing conventional DNA templates for in vitro RNA transcription involves PCR amplification of the DNA gene coding for the RNA of interest from plasmid or genomic DNA, subsequent amplification with primers containing a 5' T7 promoter region, and confirmation of the amplified DNA sequence. Complications arise in applications where long, nonnative sequences are desired in the final RNA transcript. Here we describe a ligase-independent method for the preparation of long synthetic DNA templates for in vitro RNA transcription. In Recursive PCR, partially complementary DNA oligonucleotides coding for the RNA sequence of interest are annealed, extended into the full-length double-stranded DNA, and amplified in a single PCR. Long insertions, mutations, or deletions are accommodated prior to in vitro transcription by simple substitution of oligonucleotides.
Intermittent cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis (1993)

Previous studies reported that a 2- to 3-week course of IV cyclophosphamide plus adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) induction can temporarily halt progressive MS for a period of 12 months in the majority of patients treated, after which reprogression occurs. The Northeast Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Group was formed to determine whether outpatient pulse cyclophosphamide therapy could affect reprogression and whether there were differences between a modified induction regimen and the previously published regimen. Two hundred fifty-six progressive MS patients were randomized into four groups to receive IV cyclophosphamide/ACTH via the previously published versus a modified induction regimen, with or without outpatient IV cyclophosphamide boosters (700 mg/m2 every other month for 2 years). There were blinded evaluations performed every 6 months. Results demonstrate that (1) there were no differences between the modified and the published induction regimens either in terms of initial stabilization or subsequent progression; (2) without boosters, the majority of patients continued to progress; and (3) in patients receiving boosters, there was a statistically significant benefit at 24 months and 30 months (p = 0.04). Time to treatment failure after 1 year was also significantly prolonged in the booster versus the nonbooster group (p = 0.03). Age was the most important variable that correlated with response to therapy in that amelioration of disease progression occurred primarily in patients 40 years of age or younger. Boosters had a significant benefit on time to treatment failure in patients ages 18 to 40, p = 0.003, but not in patients ages 41 to 55, p = 0.97.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Probabilistic top- <i>k</i> and ranking-aggregate queries (2008)

Ranking and aggregation queries are widely used in data exploration, data analysis, and decision-making scenarios. While most of the currently proposed ranking and aggregation techniques focus on deterministic data, several emerging applications involve data that is unclean or uncertain. Ranking and aggregating uncertain (probabilistic) data raises new challenges in query semantics and processing, making conventional methods inapplicable. Furthermore, uncertainty imposes probability as a new ranking dimension that does not exist in the traditional settings. In this article we introduce new probabilistic formulations for top- k and ranking-aggregate queries in probabilistic databases. Our formulations are based on marriage of traditional top- k semantics with possible worlds semantics. In the light of these formulations, we construct a generic processing framework supporting both query types, and leveraging existing query processing and indexing capabilities in current RDBMSs. The framework encapsulates a state space model and efficient search algorithms to compute query answers. Our proposed techniques minimize the number of accessed tuples and the size of materialized search space to compute query answers. Our experimental study shows the efficiency of our techniques under different data distributions with orders of magnitude improvement over naïve methods.
Optimization of importance sampling parameters for the efficient simulation of communication networks and ATM switches using mean field annealing (1992)

Importance sampling (IS) is recognised as a potentially powerful method for reducing simulation runtimes when estimating the probabilities of rare events in communication systems using Monte Carlo simulation. A dynamic application of IS combined with regenerative techniques has been shown to provide excellent simulation performance.To obtain large improvement factors in simulation runtime using IS, the modification, or bias of the underlying probability measures must be carefully chosen. We present in this paper a methodology which optimizes IS parameter settings using the mean field annealing (MFA) optimization algorithm in conjunction with statistical estimates of the IS estimator variance.We demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology by estimating blocking probabilities for the Geo/Geo/1/K, IBP/Geo/1/K queues and a 16 × 16 synchronous Clos ATM switch. Improvement factors of three to fifteen orders of magnitude are obtained for these examples.
Biosynthesis of phytosphingosine by the rat. (1977)

Labeled C18-phytosphingosine was detected in a glyco-lipid-rich fraction from rat intestine 4 and 24 h after injection of D-erythro[4,5-3H]C18-dihydrosphingosine. The criteria for identification were: (a) co-migration on gas-liquid chromatography of the trimethylsilyl ethers of the free and N-acetylated base with authentic standard, (b) co-migration on thin layer chromatography of the dinitrophenyl derivative with authentic standard, (c) labeled pentadecanol detection by gas-liquid radiochromatography after subjecting intact sphingolipids or a mixture of free long chain bases to periodate oxidation followed by sodium borohydride reduction, and (d) obtainment of the same fragmentation pattern as with authentic standard when the trimethylsilyl ethers of the N-acetylated base were subjected to gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Smaller amounts of labeled C18-phytosphingosine were also detected in ceramide- and sphingomyelin-rich fractions of intestine and in liver and kidney. Experiments with germ-free rats strongly suggest that the intestinal flora is not the (sole) site for the biosynthesis of C18-phytosphingosine.
Design and Performance of Lift-Offset Rotorcraft for Short-Haul Missions (2012)

The design and performance of compound helicopters utilizing lift-offset rotors are examined, in the context of short-haul, medium-size civil and military missions. The analysis tools used are the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II and the sizing code NDARC. Following correlation of the comprehensive analysis with existing lift-offset aircraft flight test data, the rotor performance model for the sizing code was developed, and an initial estimate was made of the rotor size and key hover and cruise flight conditions. The rotor planform and twist were optimized for those conditions, and the sizing code rotor performance model updated. Two models for estimating the blade and hub weight of lift-offset rotors are discussed. The civil and military missions are described, along with the aircraft design assumptions. The aircraft are sized for 30 passengers or 6600 lb payload, with a range of 300 nm. Civil and military aircraft designs are described for each of the rotor weight models. Disk loading and blade loading were varied to optimize the designs, based on gross weight and fuel burn. The influence of technology is shown, in terms of rotor hub drag and rotor weight.
Impact of correlation matrix estimation accuracy on the computation of stationarity intervals (2010)

The correlation matrix distance (CMD) is widely used to measure the stationarity of MIMO channels. The CMD measures the amount of change in the spatial structure of the MIMO channels, which can be estimated for the transmit (Tx) or receive (Rx) side but also for the full channel. Stationarity intervals can then be defined based on the CMD. In this paper, we analyze the influence of the correlation matrix estimation on the computation of stationarity intervals. More specifically, we emphasize on the quantity of data required to estimate accurately correlation matrices. Some examples are given, based on measured vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) data.
SFTA-Based Approach for Safety/Reliability Analysis of Operational Use-Cases in Cyber-Physical Systems (2017)

The software is often responsible for controlling the behavior of mechanical and electrical components, as well as interactions among these components in cyber-physical systems (CPS). The risks in CPS systems could result in losing tools, features, performance and even life. Therefore, safety analysis for software in these systems is a highly critical and serious issue. In general, safety and reliability approaches play a major role in a risk management process in CPS. In this paper, after reviewing the major techniques of software reliability and safety in CPS, an software fault tree analysis (SFTA)-based approach is presented for analysis of operational use-cases (UC) in a CPS system. In our approach, the events related to use-cases are extracted, and the related SFTA is then obtained using the proposed algorithm. Moreover, a semi-automatic method is presented in this paper to produce software failure mode and effects analysis (SFMEA) from SFTA. The results of our approach are applicable for software safety analysis in a real CPS system, including the control system of Iranian National Observatory telescope. Assessment of the suggested method is performed through numerous safety/reliability criteria and the qualitative/quantitative analysis based on these criteria.
Model Uncertainty (2004)

The evolution of Bayesian approaches for model uncertainty over the past decade has been remarkable. Catalyzed by advances in methods and technology for posterior computation, the scope of these methods has widened substantially. Major thrusts of these developments have included new methods for semiautomatic prior specification and posterior exploration. To illustrate key aspects of this evolution, the highlights of some of these developments are described.
Nonlinear switching in an all-semiconductor-optical-amplifier loop device (1999)

An all-semiconductor-optical-amplifier loop device with a multimode interference (MMI) coupler was fabricated with the deep UV cryo-etching technique. Efficient power-dependent switching was observed. With continuous-wave signals, nonlinear switching occurred due to the combined effect of the nonlinear coupling in the MMI coupler and the lateral wave field redistribution caused by the loop structure. Simulation results showed good agreement in trend with the experimental data.
A Piezoresistive Silicon Accelerometer With Monolithically Integrated CMOS-circuitry (2005)

A piezoresistive silicon accelerometer with complete on-chip signal conditioning for automotive applications was developed. The sensor is a three- layer device fabricated and bonded completely on a wafer scale. The functional units of the electronic circuit include amplification, temperature drift compensation, and an auto-zero offset compensation capability for the complete device. The results indicate that the sensor fabrication is compatible with a CMOS process and that it has the potential for a low-cost high yield process.
Preventing the Importation of Illicit Nuclear Materials in Shipping Containers (2006)

We develop a mathematical model to find the optimal inspection strategy for detecting a nuclear weapon (or nuclear material to make a weapon) from being smuggled into the United States in a shipping container, subject to constraints of port congestion and an overall budget. We consider an 11-layer security system consisting of shipper certification, container seals, and a targeting software system, followed by passive (neutron and gamma), active (gamma radiography), and manual testing at overseas and domestic ports. Currently implemented policies achieve a low detection probability, and improved security requires passive and active testing of trusted containers and manually opening containers that cannot be penetrated by radiography. The annual cost of achieving a high detection probability of a plutonium weapon using existing equipment in traditional ways is roughly several billion dollars if testing is done domestically, and is approximately five times higher if testing is performed overseas. Our results suggest that employing high-energy x-ray radiography and elongating the passive neutron tests at overseas ports may provide significant cost savings, and several developing technologies, radiation sensors inside containers and tamper-resistant electronic seals, should be pursued aggressively. Further effort is critically needed to develop a practical neutron interrogation scheme that reliably detects moderately shielded, highly enriched uranium.
Spatial photonics in nonlinear waveguide arrays (2005)

The recent proposal of optical induction for producing nonlinear photonic lattices has revolutionized the study of nonlinear waves in waveguide arrays. In particular, it enabled the first observation of (2+1) dimensional lattice solitons, which were the first 2D solitons observed in any nonlinear periodic system in nature. Since then, progress has been rapid, with many fundamental discoveries made within the past two years. Here, we review our theoretical and experimental contributions to this effort.
Technology and Applications of Microbial Biosensor (2013)

A microbial biosensor is an analytical device that immobilizes microorganisms onto a transducer for the detection of target analytes. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been used to achieve better immobilization for developing a more reliable and selective microbial biosensor. Also, significant progress has been made in the development of transducer technology leading to higher sensitivity. Microbial biosensors have become one of the most useful means of monitoring environmental, food and clinical samples. In this review, we focus on the newly developed technologies and applications of microbial biosensors in recent years.
Increased Platelet Reactivity and Circulating Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (1998)

Patients with stable CAD have circulating activated platelets, circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates, increased platelet reactivity and an increased propensity to form monocyte-platelet aggregates.
P‐172L: <i>Late‐News Poster:</i> Highly Stable Integrated Gate Driver Circuit using a‐Si TFT with Dual Pull‐down Structure (2005)

Abstract This is the first report on real XGA AMLCD for NBPC with highly stable integrated gate driver circuits using a‐Si TFT. The new circuit has been designed with dual‐pull down structure for high reliability and has been working for over 2,000 hours at 60°C, which is sufficient working time for normal driving conditions.
Highly stable and efficient inverted organic solar cells based on low-temperature solution-processed PEIE and ZnO bilayers (2016)

Highly efficient and air-stable inverted organic solar cells were fabricated from solution-processed non-conjugated polyethylenimine ethoxylated as the polyelectrolyte, a zinc oxide bilayer as the electron transport layer, and an active layer of PTB7 and PC<sub>71</sub>BM.
DataCenter 2020: Near-memory acceleration for data-oriented applications (2014)

In the years between now and 2020, we should expect continued exponential data growth [15][16]. A number of ongoing advances in storage: the transition to solid-state drives (SSDs), the scaling of NAND flash capacity, and advanced silicon packaging techniques will dramatically increase the capacity of storage subsystems over the same timeframe. This will significantly reduce the ratio of storage bandwidth to storage density. Consequently, the majority of data in 2020 will either be cold or will require near-memory acceleration to pull rich information out of the sea of big data. We argue that, increasingly over time, value lies not merely in the size of the data, but rather in what one can do with it.
A CAOPI System Based on APACHE II for Predicting the Degree of Severity of Emergency Patients (2011)

본 연구에서는 환자의 중증도 분류 및 인체 주요 장기의 상태 예측을 위하여 APACHE II(Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) 기반 CDSS 도구인 CAOPI(Computer Aided Organ Prediction Index) 시스템을 제안한다. 기존 ICU 환자의 중증도 평가방법은 APACHE II를 이용하여 특정 시점의 중환자 위험도를 특정한 시점 데이터를 이용하여 산출하는 방식이었으나, 실시간으로 변화하는 환자의 상태에 맞춰 조치를 취하는데는 한계가 있다. CAOPI 시스템은 중환자실에 입실하는 환자들의 질병 중증도를 정확히 분류하고, 환자의 사망예측 뿐만 아니라장기 상태를 시각화 하여 위험도를 수치화 하였다. 또한 위험도를 특정 장기별로 구분하여 담당의 사가 환자의 상태에 맞는 맞춤형 응급조치를 취할 수 있도록 설계 및 개발 하였다. This study proposes CAOPI(Computer Aided Organ Prediction Index) system based on APACHE II(Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) for classifying disease severity and predicting the conditions of patients' major organs. The existing ICU disease severity evaluation is mostly about calculating risk scores using patients' data at certain points, which has limitations on making precise treatments. CAOPI system is designed to provide personalized treatments by classifying accurate severity degrees of emergency patients, predicting patients' mortality rate and scoring the conditions of certain organs.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Bovine Serum Albumin Oligomers Produced by Lipid Peroxidation (1979)

The oligomers of bovine serum albumin were produced by controlled reaction with peroxidizing linoleic acid to examine their possible utility as calibration proteins insodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The polymerization was effected in reaction mixtures containing linoleic acid undergoing peroxidation in the presence of ascorbic acid, and conditions that yield soluble oligomers with a wide molecular weight distribution were established. The interaction of these soluble oligomers with sodium dodecyl sulfate exhibited a binding isotherm indistinguishable from that obtained with bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, sodium dodecy sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the albumin oligomers conformed to the empirical relation of molecular weight to mobility that pertains to the use of these oligomers as standard molecular weight markers.
The role of B lymphocytes in the immuno-biology of non-small-cell lung cancer (2020)

Tumour-infiltrating immune cells have been widely implicated to play a significant role in carcinogenesis, through both pro- or anti-tumour effects. The multi-faceted effects of lung cancer associated T lymphocytes have been extensively studied, and yet, the role of B lymphocytes remains an area less studied. In this review, we will describe the current understanding of the role of tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes in NSCLC, discuss their prognostic significance, their functionality within the tumour microenvironment and ultimately how we might harness B-cell biology to develop B-cell therapeutic strategies in cancer.