gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross Pattern Coherence Algorithm for Spatial Filtering Applications Utilizing Microphone Arrays (2013)

A parametric spatial filtering algorithm with a fixed beam direction is proposed in this paper. The algorithm utilizes the normalized cross-spectral density between signals from microphones of different orders as a criterion for focusing in specific directions. The correlation between microphone signals is estimated in the time-frequency domain. A post-filter is calculated from a multichannel input and is used to assign attenuation values to a coincidentally captured audio signal. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement and offers the capability of coping with interfering sources at different azimuthal locations with or without the presence of diffuse sound. It is implemented by using directional microphones placed in the same look direction and have the same magnitude and phase response. Experiments are conducted with simulated and real microphone arrays employing the proposed post-filter and compared to previous coherence-based approaches, such as the McCowan post-filter. A significant improvement is demonstrated in terms of objective quality measures. Formal listening tests conducted to assess the audibility of artifacts of the proposed algorithm in real acoustical scenarios show that no annoying artifacts existed with certain spectral floor values. Examples of the proposed algorithm can be found online at http://www.acoustics.hut.fi/projects/cropac/soundExamples.
Structural role of zinc in biodegradation of alkali-free bioactive glasses (2013)

We report on the effect of varying the Zn<sup>2+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> ratio on the structure and biodegradation of glasses in an alkali-free system designed in the glass forming region of diopside (CaMgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>)-fluorapatite [Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>F]-TCP (3CaO·P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>). The zinc-containing glasses designed in the as-mentioned ternary system are potential materials for their application in bone regeneration and tissue engineering. The melt-quenched glasses with compositions (mol%), 36.07CaO - (19.24 -x) MgO -xZnO - 5.61P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>- 38.49SiO<sub>2</sub>- 0.59CaF<sub>2</sub>, where x varies between 0 and 10, have been investigated for their structure by molecular dynamics simulations as well as by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In all the investigated glasses silicate and phosphate components are mainly present as Q<sup>2</sup> (Si) and Q<sup>0</sup> (orthophosphate) species, respectively. Zinc retains structural features similar to magnesium, with predominant five-fold coordination. The apatite-forming ability of glasses has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy after immersion of glass powders in simulated body fluids for time durations varying between 1 h and 7 days, while their chemical degradation has been studied in Tris-HCl in accordance with ISO-10993-14. The increasing Zn<sup>2+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> ratio decreases the chemical degradation of glasses as well as reducing their apatite forming ability. The results allowed us to discuss the biodegradation of alkali-free bioactive glasses on the basis of the structural role of zinc and magnesium.
Carbon Nanotube Network Structuring Using Two‐Dimensional Colloidal Crystal Templates (2008)

Two-dimensional colloidal lithography is successfully applied to the fabrication of novel transparent carbon nanotube networks with controllable film resistance. The method adopted in this study produces ordered network structure with regular voids in the carbon nanotube network film, and results in transparency increases compared with random network structured films, without loss of conductivity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/c0956_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analytical and computational study of self-induced transparency mode locking in quantum cascade lasers (2009)

The possibility of using the self-induced transparency effect to achieve laser mode locking has been discussed since the late 1960s but has never been observed. In prior work, we proposed that quantum cascade lasers are the ideal tool to realize self-induced transparency mode locking due to their rapid gain recovery times and relatively long coherence times, and because it is possible to interleave gain and absorbing periods. Here, we present designs of quantum cascade lasers that satisfy the requirements for self-induced transparency mode locking at both 8 and $12\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$, indicating that it is possible to satisfy these requirements over a wide wavelength range. The coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations that define the dynamics in quantum cascade lasers that have both gain and absorbing periods have been solved both analytically and computationally. Analytical mode-locked solutions have previously been found under the conditions that there is no frequency detuning, the absorbing periods have a dipole moment twice that of the gain periods, the input pulse is a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse in the gain medium, and the gain recovery times in the gain and absorbing periods are much longer than the coherence time ${T}_{2}$ and are short compared to the round-trip time. It was shown that the mode-locked pulse durations are on the order of ${T}_{2}$, which is typically about 100 fs in quantum cascade lasers. In this work, these analytical results are reviewed and extended to include the effects of partial inversion in the gain and absorbing periods and of frequency detuning. An energy theorem in the limit of long coherence times is derived. The Maxwell-Bloch equations have been solved computationally to determine the robustness of the mode-locked solutions when frequency detuning is present, the dipole moment of the absorbing periods differs from twice that of the gain periods, the gain relaxation time is on the order of 1--10 ps, as is typically obtained in quantum cascade lasers, and the initial pulse is not a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse in the gain medium. We find that mode-locked solutions exist over a broad parameter range. We have also investigated the evolution of initial pulses that are initially much broader than the final mode-locked pulses. As long as the initial pulse duration is on the order of ${T}_{1}$ or shorter and has enough energy to create a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse in the medium, a mode-locked pulse with a duration on the order of ${T}_{2}$ will ultimately form.
Task analysis of writing hospital admission orders: evidence of a problem-based approach. (2006)

As part of a broader project to improve the usability of computerized physician order entry (CPOE)systems, we set out to study the cognitive tasks physicians undertake to write "admission orders" when admitting a patient to the hospital. In particular, we evaluate the hypothesis that physicians' mental model of diagnostic and therapeutic planning is problem based, whereas both paper-based ordering and CPOE are typically organized around functional categories of orders such as those reflected in the mnemonic ADCVAANDIML. A task analysis was performed which included think-aloud observations of physicians writing orders in clinical care settings and for fictional case-scenarios, as well as a semistructured questionnaire. Our work finds core tasks of admitting a patient to hospital and conflicts between physicians' mental model and traditional ordering systems. Based on our study, we suggest improvements to traditional CPOE systems.
Eye Activity Correlates of Fatigue during a Visual Tracking Task (1998)

Five concurrent eye activity measures were used to model fatigue-related changes in performance during a visual compensatory tracking task. Five subjects demonstrated considerable variations in performance level within two 53-min testing sessions during which continuous video-based eye activity measures were obtained. For each subject, moving estimates of blink duration and frequency, fixation duration and frequency, and mean pupil diameter from one session were used to train an artificial neural network to produce moving estimates of changes in mean tracking performance during the same session. Applied to eye tracking data from a second session, the same networks produced moving estimates of tracking performance that were highly correlated with actual performance changes ( R 2 =0.65, range 0.30–0.89 across ten sessions). The results suggest that information from multiple eye measures may be combined to produce individualized and accurate estimates of sub-minute scale changes in alertness during continuous task performance.
Studies on vaccination against papillomaviruses: the immunity after infection and vaccination with bovine papillomaviruses of different types. (1990)

Calves, free of antibodies to bovine papillomaviruses (BPV), were reared in isolation. One was infected with BPV-2, developed tumours and was resistant to homologous reinfection. Groups of calves were infected with BPV-2, BPV-5 or BPV-6; they all developed and subsequently rejected type-specific tumours. They were then infected with BPV-4; they were not immune and oral papillomas were induced. Groups of animals were vaccinated by intramuscular preparations of purified BPV-4 and BPV-6 and were challenged with homologous virus; all were immune to reinfection. An earlier experiment had shown this to be true for BPV-2. Two calves, immune to BPV-6, were not immune to BPV-1. These experiments, although they do not cover all the possibilities of reciprocal immunisation and challenge, indicate that prophylactic immunity to a range of papillomaviruses is type-specific. This is the first clear demonstration of this phenomenon in the papillomavirus group.
THE AUDIO INTERACTIVE TUTOR (1995)

Abstract The Audio Interactive Tutor (TAIT) is an interactive audio/oral computer‐assisted study device. TAIT's output consists of explanations and examples along with commands and questions requiring responses from the user. TAIT uses speech recognition to determine the responses made by the user and constructs an evolving model of what the user knows. TAIT uses the model to direct the course of further interaction so as to support an efficient approach to study that relies on sparse repetition carefully spread over time, rather than copious repetition. A prime application of TAIT is second language instruction.
A CMOS Highly Linear Digitally Programmable Active-RC Design Approach (2011)

A new approach providing the active-RC integrator with programmable time constant is proposed. An inherently linear current division network (CDN) preserving the high linearity property of the active RC technique while providing wide tuning characteristics is adopted. The proposed integrator provides wider tuning range, and higher tuning resolution accompanied with better linearity and/or reduced area than what could be obtained from capacitor and resistor banks. The proposed integrator uses two opamps per integrator just like its MOSFET-C counterpart but it inherently exhibits better linearity and wider tuning range particularly for low voltage supply. A reconfigurable filter exhibiting complex bandpass and normal lowpass responses is realized. Experimental results obtained from a 4th-order filter fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process are given. The complex and lowpass filters achieve in-band spurious-free dynamic ranges (SFDRs) of about 70 dB and 71 dB for bandwidths of 1 MHz and 5.5 MHz, respectively.
Fast Response, Carbon-Black-Coated, Vertically-Oriented Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitors (2018)

Development of electrical double layer capacitors using vertically oriented graphene nanosheets with fast response continues. The inherent open morphology of the nanosheets allows efficient access to charge storage surfaces, making them suitable for AC line filtering. However, since the overall surface area is only about a factor of ∼310x over the geometric area, the specific capacitance available remains limited. This work presents utilization of the conventional growth of vertically oriented graphene nanosheets on Ni substrates as the underlying architecture for coating with high surface area carbon black to substantially increase the specific capacitance while retaining the open morphology to allow good frequency response at 120 Hz. The carbon black coating was deposited on ∼1.2 μm and ∼2.5 μm high nanosheets using an aerosol spray method. Deposition times from 0–8 s, in 1 s intervals, provided coatings which translated into a specific capacitance of 2.3 mF/cm2 at 120 Hz (8 s coating) and a volumetric capacitance of 4.6 F/cc (energy storage elements). Improvements in the uniformity of the carbon black coatings suggest that much higher specific capacitances are possible. COMSOL models of high density VOGN grown to 10 μm high and covered uniformly with 100 nm of carbon black coating suggest a capacitance of ∼42 mF/cm2 with acceptable frequency response at 120 Hz can be achieved.
A broadly tunable fiber ring laser employing a gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier (2013)

A widely tunable fiber ring laser is demonstrated experimentally using a specially designed gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier (GC-SOA). The 3 dB bandwidth of the generated amplified spontaneous emission is increased by 10 nm using the GC-SOA. The lasing wavelength is continuously tunable in a range from 1522 nm to almost 1600 nm using a thin-film Fabry–Perot tunable filter. A side-mode-suppression ratio of greater than 55 dB is achieved over the entire tuning range.
A solidly mounted, high frequency, thickness shear mode bulk acoustic wave resonator using X-LiTaO<sub>3</sub> thin plate and SiO<sub>2</sub>/Ta multilayer acoustic films (2021)

Abstract This paper describes a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) high-frequency resonator with a solidly mounted structure using a single crystal LiTaO 3 (LT) thin plate. A Bragg reflector solidly supports the LT thin plate, which is fragile if self-suspended. The BAW resonator uses a thickness shear mode in 1.5 μ m thick X-LT. The Bragg reflector is made of four pairs of SiO 2 and Ta films, i.e. eight layers in total. The fabricated device works at a resonance frequency of 1.14 GHz and an antiresonance frequency of 1.23 GHz, showing a bandwidth of 7.9% and a low-temperature coefficient of frequency of −16 ppm °C −1 and −26 ppm °C −1 at the maximum and minimum admittances, respectively. The measured impedance ratio is 61 dB, although the structure and fabrication process are not optimized yet, suggesting a high potential for this device.
Ultrasonic Control of Fastener Tightening Using Varying Wave Speed (2005)

A high precision ultrasonic technique and a test apparatus are developed for the real-time control of the fastener elongation during the tightening process of bolted joints. This is accomplished by monitoring the propagation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves through the fastener material and the reflection of these waves at the end of the fastener. The round trip time of the longitudinal waves is continuously measured and monitored in real-time. Using the wave speed in the fastener material, the change in the round trip time determines the fastener elongation, which creates fastener tension and joint clamp load. The wave speed through the bolt material is stress dependent; hence, it continuously changes as the fastener is being elongated during the tightening process. A varying wave speed algorithm is developed and utilized in order to compensate for wave speed variations. Because the torque-tension relationship in threaded fasteners is highly sensitive to friction variations, the scatter in such relationship is often unacceptable, especially in critical applications. By contrast, the automatic control of the fastener elongation during the tightening process would eliminate the dependence on the torque value as a predictor for the bolt tension. Hence, the new ultrasonic technique for the real-control of the fastener tension, by monitoring its elongation, would significantly enhance the reliability of bolted assemblies.
Inhibition of hematopoietic tumor growth by combined treatment with deferoxamine and an IgG monoclonal antibody against the transferrin receptor: evidence for a threshold model of iron deprivation toxicity. (1992)

Recent studies have suggested that iron deprivation may represent a useful new approach in cancer therapy, and several strategies for producing such deprivation are now under investigation. Thus, for example, we recently provided evidence that combined treatment with the iron chelator deferoxamine and an IgG monoclonal antibody against the transferrin receptor (ATRA) produces synergistic inhibition of hematopoietic tumor cell growth in vitro (J. D. Kemp, K. M. Smith, L. J. Kanner, F. Gomez, J. A. Thorson, and P. W. Naumann, Blood, 76: 991-995, 1990). The current study is an attempt to analyze the mechanisms responsible for the synergistic interaction. The data show that a single IgG ATRA can produce up to 75% inhibition of iron uptake while having little effect on DNA synthesis; this suggests that tumor cells either take up or have stored amounts of iron well in excess of that required to support immediate metabolic needs. When deferoxamine and the IgG ATRA are used together, the effects on iron acquisition and receptor down-modulation are either additive or subadditive but are clearly not synergistic. Overall, the findings suggest that the IgG ATRA produces an injury to iron uptake that is just below a critical threshold and that the additional effect provided by the iron chelator is sufficient to exceed that threshold and produce a rapid depletion of iron pools that are vital for short-term DNA synthesis. IgG ATRAS thus seem to be of even greater interest as therapeutic reagents, and further study of their properties and of how they interact with deferoxamine appears to be warranted.
UBIS: Utilization-Aware Cluster Scheduling (2018)

Data center costs are among the major enterprise expenses, and any improvement in data center resource utilization corresponds to significant savings in true dollars. We focus on the problem of scheduling jobs in distributed execution environments to improve resource utilization. Cluster schedulers like YARN and Mesos base their scheduling decisions on resource requirements provided by end users. It is hard for end-users to predict the exact amount of resources required for a task/ job, especially since resource utilization can vary significantly over time and across tasks. In practice, users pick highly conservative estimates of peak utilization across all tasks of a job to ensure job completion, leading to resource fragmentation and severe under utilization in production clusters. We present UBIS, a utilization-aware approach to cluster scheduling, to address resource fragmentation and to improve cluster utilization and job throughput. UBIS considers actual usage of running tasks and schedules opportunistic work on under-utilized nodes. It monitors resource usage on these nodes and preempts opportunistic containers when over-subscription becomes untenable. In doing so, UBIS utilizes wasted resources while minimizing adverse effects on regularly scheduled tasks. Our implementation of UBIS on YARN yields improvements of up to 30% in makespan for representative workloads and 25% in individual job durations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite ZSM-20 (1989)

Syntheses of zeolite ZSM-20 from various Na2O-TEA2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O gel compositions under a variety of crystallization conditions have been investigated. In particular, the influence of K+ cations, and the addition of seeds and nuclei have been studied. Products were characterized by chemical analyses, sorption measurements, infra-red spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXD) and electron microscopy. Confirming earlier work, materials similar to those described in the original ZSM-20 patents are formed only from a narrow range of gel compositions. Structurally, however, such products are not phase-pure, comprising crystals of cubic and mixed cubic and hexagonal stackings of faujasite sheets.
Validation of automatic landmark identification for atlas-based segmentation for radiation treatment planning of the head-and-neck region (2008)

Manual contouring of target volumes and organs at risk in radiation therapy is extremely time-consuming, in particular for treating the head-and-neck area, where a single patient treatment plan can take several hours to contour. As radiation treatment delivery moves towards adaptive treatment, the need for more efficient segmentation techniques will increase. We are developing a method for automatic model-based segmentation of the head and neck. This process can be broken down into three main steps: i) automatic landmark identification in the image dataset of interest, ii) automatic landmark-based initialization of deformable surface models to the patient image dataset, and iii) adaptation of the deformable models to the patient-specific anatomical boundaries of interest. In this paper, we focus on the validation of the first step of this method, quantifying the results of our automatic landmark identification method. We use an image atlas formed by applying thin-plate spline (TPS) interpolation to ten atlas datasets, using 27 manually identified landmarks in each atlas/training dataset. The principal variation modes returned by principal component analysis (PCA) of the landmark positions were used by an automatic registration algorithm, which sought the corresponding landmarks in the clinical dataset of interest using a controlled random search algorithm. Applying a run time of 60 seconds to the random search, a root mean square (rms) distance to the ground-truth landmark position of 9.5 ± 0.6 mm was calculated for the identified landmarks. Automatic segmentation of the brain, mandible and brain stem, using the detected landmarks, is demonstrated.
Performance of EH Protocols in Two-Hop Networks With a Battery-Assisted EH Relay (2018)

In this paper, we compare the performance of time-switching relaying (TSR) and power-splitting relaying (PSR) protocols in two-hop networks with a battery-assisted energy-harvesting (EH) amplify-and-forward relay. In this battery-assisted relay framework, the EH relay augments the harvested energy with energy drawn from a battery. Using expressions derived for throughput and average battery energy consumption, we investigate maximization of throughput for given battery energy availability per time slot and minimization of battery energy consumption for target throughput requirement. When only statistical channel knowledge is available, PSR results in better throughput performance at practical signal-to-noise ratios. However, in the typical low battery energy and low target throughput regime, it is TSR that is more battery energy efficient. When second-hop instantaneous channel knowledge is available, we observe dramatical energy savings that increases lifetime of nodes. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate accuracy of the derived expressions.