gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review: Antioxidant therapeutic advances in COPD (2008)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress is intimately associated with the progression and exacerbation of COPD and therefore targeting oxidative stress with antioxidants or boosting the endogenous levels of antioxidants is likely to have beneficial outcome in the treatment of COPD. Among the various antioxidants tried so far, thiol antioxidants and mucolytic agents, such as glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, N-acystelyn, erdosteine, fudosteine and carbocysteine; Nrf2 activators; and dietary polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, and green tea catechins/quercetin) have been reported to increase intracellular thiol status along with induction of GSH biosynthesis. Such an elevation in the thiol status in turn leads to detoxification of free radicals and oxidants as well as inhibition of ongoing inflammatory responses. In addition, specific spin traps, such as alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone, a catalytic antioxidant (ECSOD mimetic), porphyrins (AEOL 10150 and AEOL 10113), and a SOD mimetic M40419 have also been reported to inhibit cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory responses in vivo in the lung. Since a variety of oxidants, free radicals and aldehydes are implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, it is possible that therapeutic administration of multiple antioxidants and mucolytics will be effective in management of COPD. However, a successful outcome will critically depend upon the choice of antioxidant therapy for a particular clinical phenotype of COPD, whose pathophysiology should be first properly understood. This article will review the various approaches adopted to enhance lung antioxidant levels, antioxidant therapeutic advances and recent past clinical trials of antioxidant compounds in COPD.
Low-Temperature Direct Synthesis of CeO<SUB>2</SUB>–ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> Solid Solution Nanoparticles by a Hydrothermal Method (2004)

Well-crystallized CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method in a single step at 120 degrees C, for 6 h without any post heat treatment. The particle sizes of 6 +/- 3 nm by surface area measurements are in good agreement with crystallite sizes of 6 +/- 3 nm by X-ray diffraction. Transmission microscopy also confirmed the formation of crystals of 5-8 nm in the products. In the formation of the homogeneous solid solutions the complete oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+ in the precipitated gels seems to be one of the important steps. The solid solutions contained several wt % water, but it was expelled by calcining > or = 600 degrees C. The heating of the samples brought about grain growths, but did not change the phases. The specific areas of 120-200 m2/g of as-prepared samples were decreased to 4-14 m2/g by heating at 900 degrees C for 4 h.
Election Forecasting with Social Media Data (2021)

Abstract The proliferation of social media has provided people with the platform where they can voice their opinions, which in turn has increased the amount of data available to discover user orientation and thereby come up with smarter plans or decisions. One such application is in the field of politics where the sentiments from data are analyzed to understand the opinion of general public that can be used for election prediction. This paper builds on existing literature that includes the most related and recent research, the techniques that are pursued for predicting the election outcome and the methodology that have been used to address some of the limitations present in existing literature like sample representativeness. The model achieves comparable result to those of existing methods.
Tri-Mode Heterogeneous Integrated Beam-Switching/Van Atta/Phase-Conjugating Array Using Synthesized Transmission Lines (2014)

With the aid of tri-operational mode synthesized transmission lines, an innovative heterogeneous integrated phased array having the functions of beam-switching and retrodirection in three individual bands is proposed and demonstrated. The key innovation is the array feeding network, capable of automatically reconfiguring its topology into three states without applying any active switch. In the low band, the feeding circuit, and hence, the entire system function as a beam-switching array using the Butler matrix for communication and positioning. In the mid and high bands, the integrated array rearranges its feeding network into pairs of isolated delay lines and becomes a Van Atta array and a phase-conjugating array, respectively, to re-radiate the signals to the direction of arrival. The core building blocks are the three-channel selector, tri-mode coupler, and diplexer, all realized by synthesized transmission lines with rigorous design formulae. The operational principle is first introduced, followed by the design and implementation of the key components. A phase compensation scheme is discussed to complete the tri-mode array design. This unique concept is experimentally verified using the radiation characteristics of the integrated array at the end of this paper.
Evaluation of an enkephalin analog in men with castor oil–induced diarrhea (1986)

This study was a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of acute doses of nifalatide, an enkephalin analog, in subjects with castor oil-induced diarrhea. Seventy-two subjects completed the study. The time to first stool after castor oil administration was significantly greater after the 16 and 48 mg doses of nifalatide as compared with placebo dosing. The same doses of nifalatide also decreased the overall stool frequency, the frequency of abdominal cramping, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting. There were no clinically significant, drug-related changes in the physical examination results, ECG, vital signs, or clinical laboratory parameters. The only increased adverse experiences that appeared to be related to the drug were dizziness and mild dry mouth.
Variable DEVS-variable structure modeling formalism: an adaptive computer architecture application (2002)

Conventional modeling theory gives support only for representing model behavior, providing little aid for describing changes in model structure. Some models are better represented by changes in their structure. Instead of forcing this changes to be represented at the simple behavioral level, a strong theoretical support is needed to allow the representation of structural changes in a natural way. We present a modeling methodology for representing variable structure systems. Examples of such systems include adaptive computer architectures, ecological systems, fault tolerating computers. We describe an application of this methodology to the modeling and simulation of an adaptive computer architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Glucose Deprivation, Chemical Hypoxia, and Simulated Ischemia on Na<sup>+</sup>Homeostasis in Rat Spinal Cord Astrocytes (1998)

A steep inwardly directed Na+ gradient is essential for glial functions such as glutamate reuptake and regulation of intracellular ion concentrations. We investigated the effects of glucose deprivation, chemical hypoxia, and simulated ischemia on intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) in cultured spinal cord astrocytes using fluorescence ratio imaging with sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) AM. Glucose removal or chemical hypoxia (induced by 10 mM NaN3) for 60 min increased [Na+]i from a baseline of 8.3 to 11 mM. Combined glycolytic and respiratory blockage by NaN3 and 0 glucose saline caused [Na+]i to increase by 20 mM, similar to the [Na+]i increases elicited by blocking the Na+/K+-ATPase with ouabain. Recovery from large [Na+]i increases (>15 mM) induced by the glutamatergic agonist kainate was attenuated during glucose deprivation or NaN3 application and was blocked in NaN3 and 0 glucose. To mimic in vivo ischemia, we exposed astrocytes to NaN3 and 0 glucose saline containing L-lactate and glutamate with increased [K+] and decreased [Na+], [Ca2+], and pH. This induced an [Na+]i decrease followed by an [Na+]i rise and a further [Na+]i increase after reperfusion with standard saline. Similar multiphasic [Na+]i changes were observed after NaN3 and 0 glucose saline with only reduced [Na+]e. Our results suggest that the ability to maintain a low [Na+]i enables spinal cord astrocytes to continue uptake of K+ and/or glutamate at the onset of energy failure. With prolonged energy failure, however, astrocytic [Na+]i rises; with loss of their steep transmembrane Na+ gradient, astrocytes may aggravate metabolic insults by carrier reversal and release of acid, K+, and/or glutamate into the extracellular space.
Evaluation of two commercial and three home-made fixatives for the substitution of formalin: a formaldehyde–free laboratory is possible (2012)

Abolition of the human carcinogen formaldehyde from pathology laboratories is possible even in contexts whereby commercial alternatives to formalin are unavailable or are too expensive for routine use, and aspiration devices are lacking or not adequately serviced. The use of known formulations, possibly with simple and not-noxious ("alimentary grade") constituents, comparable with registered proprietary products, may expand the search for the ideal fixative combining satisfactory morphology with improved preservation of nucleic acids and proteins as well as being easy and safe to dispose of.
An Evaluation of Six Brief Interventions That Target Drug-Related Problems in Correctional Populations (2012)

Finding brief effective treatments for criminal justice populations is a major public need. The CJ-DATS Targeted Intervention for Corrections (TIC), which consists of six brief interventions (Communication, Anger, Motivation, Criminal Thinking, Social Networks, and HIV/Sexual Health), were tested in separate federally-funded randomized control studies. In total, 1,573 criminal justice-involved individuals from 20 correction facilities participated (78% males; 54% white). Multi-level repeated measures analyses found significant gains in knowledge, attitudes, and psychosocial functioning (criteria basic to Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) and TCU Treatment Process Models). While improvements were less consistent in criminal thinking, overall evidence supported efficacy for the TIC interventions.
Characterization of copper(II)-substituted synthetic fluorohectorite clay and interaction with adsorbates by electron spin resonance, electron spin echo modulation, and infrared spectroscopies (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of copper(II)-substituted synthetic fluorohectorite clay and interaction with adsorbates by electron spin resonance, electron spin echo modulation, and infrared spectroscopiesVittorio Luca, Xinhua Chen, and Larry KevanCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 6, 1073–1081Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00018a024https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00018a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cyanate Ester/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Nanocomposites:  Synthesis and Characterization (2005)

Cyanate ester (PT-15, Lonza Corp.) composites containing the blended polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), TriSilanolPhenyl-POSS (C42H38O12Si7), were prepared containing PT-15/POSS 99/1, 97/3, 95/5, 90/10, and 85/15 w/w ratios. The composites were characterized by FT-TR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (X-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and three-point bending flexural tests. TriSilanolPhenyl-POSS was throughly dispersed into uncured liquid PT-15 resin. After curing, XRD, SANS, and X-EDS measurements were consistent with partial molecular dispersion of a portion of the POSS units in the continuous matrix phase while the remainder forms POSS aggregates. Larger aggregates are formed at higher loadings. SANS, SEM, and TEM show that POSS-enriched nanoparticles are present in the PT-15/POSS composites. The storage bending moduli, E‘, and the glass transition temperatures, Tg, of PT-15/POSS 99/1, 97/3, and 95/5 composites are higher than those of the pure PT-15 over the temperature range from 35 to 350 °C. The E‘ values for all these composites (except for the 15 wt % POSS sample) are significantly greater than that of the pure resin at T > Tg. Therefore, small amounts (≤5 wt %) of TriSilanolPhenyl-POSS incorporated into cyanate ester resin PT-15 can improve the storage modulus and the high-temperature properties of these cyanate ester composites versus the pure PT-15 resin. The flexural strength and flexural modulus are also raised by POSS incorporation.
A novel gene expression signature for bone metastasis in breast carcinomas (2016)

Metastatic cancer remains the leading cause of death for patients with breast cancer. To understand the mechanisms underlying the development of distant metastases to specific sites is therefore important and of potential clinical value. From 157 primary breast tumours of the patients with known metastatic disease, gene expression profiling data were generated and correlated to metastatic behaviour including site-specific metastasis, metastasis pattern and survival outcomes. We analysed gene expression signatures specifically associated with the development of bone metastases. As a validation cohort, we used a published dataset of 376 breast carcinomas for which gene expression data and site-specific metastasis information were available. 80.5 % of luminal-type tumours developed bone metastasis as opposed to 41.7 % of basal and 55.6 % of HER2-like tumours. A novel 15-gene signature identified 82.4 % of the tumours with bone metastasis, 85.2 % of the tumours which had bone metastasis as first site of metastasis and 100 % of the ones with bone metastasis only (p 9.99e-09), in the training set. In the independent dataset, 81.2 % of the positive tested tumours had known metastatic disease to the bone (p 4.28e-10). This 15-gene signature showed much better correlation with the development of bone metastases than previously identified signatures and was predictive in both ER-positive as well as in ER-negative tumours. Multivariate analyses revealed that together with the molecular subtype, our 15-gene expression signature was significantly correlated to bone metastasis status (p <0.001, 95 % CI 3.86-48.02 in the training set; p 0.001, 95 % CI 1.54-5.00 in the independent set). The 15 genes, APOPEC3B, ATL2, BBS1, C6orf61, C6orf167, MMS22L, KCNS1, MFAP3L, NIP7, NUP155, PALM2, PH-4, PGD5, SFT2D2 and STEAP3, encoded mainly membrane-bound molecules with molecular function of protein binding. The expression levels of the up-regulated genes (NAT1, BBS1 and PH-4) were also found to be correlated to epithelial to mesenchymal transition status of the tumour. We have identified a novel 15-gene expression signature associated with the development of bone metastases in breast cancer patients. This bone metastasis signature is the first to be identified using a supervised classification approach in a large series of patients and will help forward research in this area towards clinical applications.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Thermocapillary Flow in Pulsed Laser Micropolishing (2014)

The objective of this paper is to define and derive a dimensionless number as a function of material properties and process parameters to quantify the extent (magnitude) of thermocapillary flow in pulsed laser micropolishing (PLμP). Experimental work has shown that thermocapillary flow can tremendously reduce surface roughness (smoothing effect) although it inevitably introduces additional surface features (roughening effect) at the same time. Both the smoothing and roughening effects increase as the extent of thermocapillary flow increases. The extent of thermocapillary flow is the bridge from the available information (i.e., initial surface profile, material properties, and process parameters) to the polished surface profile to be predicted. A dimensionless number, called the normalized average displacement of a liquid particle in a single laser pulse, is proposed and derived via analytical heat transfer and fluid flow equations. The calculated normalized displacement is found to be proportional to the measured slope of the introduced features on Ti6Al4V surface polished with various process parameters, which indicates that the dimensionless number successfully describes the extent of thermocapillary flow. The normalized average displacement will be very useful for prediction of polished surface profile and hence parameter selection and process optimization in the future.
Optical implementation of a convolution kernel by using a joint transform correlator to perform image processing operation (2003)

In this work we propose a generalization of the convolution kernel capable of realizing image processing operations as edge enhancement, phase visualization, image restoration, by using a joint transform correlator. The proposal convolution kernel is designed according to the operation to be performed. We present numerical simulations for each convolution kernel which performs the corresponding operation. On the other hand, experimental results are presented from the optical implementation of the convolution kernel by using a joint transform correlator which has the advantage of avoiding alignment difficulties presented by classical Fourier processors.
Unsupervised multiresolution segmentation for images with low depth of field (2001)

Unsupervised segmentation of images with low depth of field (DOF) is highly useful in various applications. This paper describes a novel multiresolution image segmentation algorithm for low DOF images. The algorithm is designed to separate a sharply focused object-of-interest from other foreground or background objects. The algorithm is fully automatic in that all parameters are image independent. A multi-scale approach based on high frequency wavelet coefficients and their statistics is used to perform context-dependent classification of individual blocks of the image. Unlike other edge-based approaches, our algorithm does not rely on the process of connecting object boundaries. The algorithm has achieved high accuracy when tested on more than 100 low DOF images, many with inhomogeneous foreground or background distractions. Compared with he state of the art algorithms, this new algorithm provides better accuracy at higher speed.
Annealing of Aluminum and Its Alloys (2016)

Abstract Annealing is an essential treatment in the fabrication of metal parts and semiproducts. This article discusses the processes involved in annealing, namely, recovery, recrystallization, and grain coarsening. It lists the heat treatment conditions of processed aluminum alloys. It provides information on the types of heat treatment, which include preheating, full anneal, stabilization, and stoving. The article describes the steps involved for achieving the age-hardening effect and the strongest hardening effect in aluminum. The steps to increase the strength of aluminum alloys by extremely fine, dispersed second-phase particles are: solution heat treatment, quenching, and age hardening. Finally, the article also discusses the process parameters of annealing, including the effect of strain, effect of temperature, effect of heating rate, and the effect of alloy elements, and the effect of annealing on anisotropy.
Cortical Gamma Generators Suggest Abnormal Auditory Circuitry in Early-Onset Psychosis (2007)

Neurobiological theories of schizophrenia and related psychoses have increasingly emphasized impaired neuronal coordination (i.e., dysfunctional connectivity) as central to the pathophysiology. Although neuroimaging evidence has mostly corroborated these accounts, the basic mechanism(s) of reduced functional connectivity remains elusive. In this study, we examine the developmental trajectory and underlying mechanism(s) of dysfunctional connectivity by using gamma oscillatory power as an index of local and long-range circuit integrity. An early-onset psychosis group and a matched cohort of typically developing adolescents listened to monaurally presented click-trains, as whole-head magnetoencephalography data were acquired. Consistent with previous work, gamma-band power was significantly higher in right auditory cortices across groups and conditions. However, patients exhibited significantly reduced overall gamma power relative to controls, and showed a reduced ear-of-stimulation effect indicating that ipsi- versus contralateral presentation had less impact on hemispheric power. Gamma-frequency oscillations are thought to be dependent on gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneuronal networks, thus these patients' impairment in generating and/or maintaining such activity may indicate that local circuit integrity is at least partially compromised early in the disease process. In addition, patients also showed abnormality in long-range networks (i.e., ear-of-stimulation effects) potentially suggesting that multiple stages along auditory pathways contribute to connectivity aberrations found in patients with psychosis.
A novel TE10–TE20 mode transducer utilizing vertical cross-excitation (2010)

The present paper suggests a new type of TE10-TE20 mode transducer vertically excited in a way of crossing the electric fields of an over-moded waveguide (OMWG) and a single-mode one (SMWG). By optimizing a matching element the mode-conversion efficiency more than 99% is obtained over the fractional bandwidth of about 17%. The reason why such a good performance is obtained is because the present mode transducer is free from undesired mode excitation in principle. The validity of the design concept also confirmed experimentally. Moreover, an elimination technique of unwanted resonant response is successfully demonstrated.