gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bootstrapping Development of a Cloud‐Based Spoken Dialog System in the Educational Domain From Scratch Using Crowdsourced Data (2016)

Abstract We propose a crowdsourcing‐based framework to iteratively and rapidly bootstrap a dialog system from scratch for a new domain. We leverage the open‐source modular HALEF dialog system to deploy dialog applications. We illustrate the usefulness of this framework using four different prototype dialog items with applications in the educational domain and present initial results and insights from this endeavor.
Broadband 180/spl deg/ bit phase shifter using a /spl lambda//2 coupled line and parallel /spl lambda//8 stubs (2004)

In this paper, a broadband 180/spl deg/ bit phase shifter using a new switched-network was presented. The new network is composed of a /spl lambda//2 coupled line and parallel /spl lambda//8 open and short stubs, which are shunted at the edge points of a coupled line, respectively. According to a desired phase shift, it provides a controllable phase dispersive characteristic by the proper determination of Z/sub m/,Z/sub s/, and R values. The 180/spl deg/ bit phase shifter operated at 3 GHz was fabricated and experimented using design graphs which provide the required Z/sub m/,Z/sub s/ values, and I/O match and phase bandwidths. The experimental performances showed broadband characteristics.
Surface-Selective Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper Films through the Use of a Molecular Inhibitor (2015)

We report a simple process for the selective deposition of copper films on RuO2, while no Cu nucleation occurs on thermal SiO2 or porous carbon doped oxide (CDO). Using the precursor Cu(hfac)VTMS, selectivity is attained by adding a co-flow of excess VTMS to act as a growth inhibitor. With precursor alone, 52 nm of Cu grows on RuO2; on CDO or on thermal SiO2, nucleation is delayed such that 41 or 1.3 nm are deposited, respectively. Repeating the experiment with the co-flow of VTMS affords a 12 nm thick Cu film on RuO2 with roughness of 1.8 nm. But on CDO or thermal SiO2, the Cu deposition is only 0.10 or ∼0.04 nm, respectively. AFM scans of the CDO and SiO2 surfaces are identical to the bare substrates. The small quantity of Cu that is deposited must be finely distributed, presumably on defect sites; it can be etched to below the RBS detection limit using a co-flow of Hhfac and VTMS for few minutes at the end of the growth. The process window is wide: selective growth occurs for a range of VTMS pressures (0.5–2.0 mTorr), growth times (up to 90 min), and growth temperatures (up to 180°C).
Impulse Radio Systems with Multiple Types of Ultra-Wideband Pulses (2005)

Spectral properties and performance of multi-pulse impulse radio ultra-wideband systems with pulse-based polarity randomization are analyzed. Instead of a single type of pulse transmitted in each frame, multiple types of pulses are considered, which is shown to reduce the effects of multiple-access interference. First, the spectral properties of a multi-pulse impulse radio system is investigated. It is shown that the power spectral density is the average of spectral contents of different pulse shapes. Then, approximate closed-form expressions for bit error probability of a multi-pulse impulse radio system are derived for RAKE receivers in asynchronous multiuser environments. The theoretical and simulation results indicate that impulse radio systems that are more robust against multiple-access interference than a "classical" impulse radio system can be designed with multiple types of ultra-wideband pulses.
Cyclic cidofovir (cHPMPC) prevents congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a guinea pig model (2006)

Antiviral therapy with cyclic cidofovir improves pregnancy outcomes in guinea pigs, and eliminates congenital CMV infection, following viral challenge in the third trimester. This study also demonstrated that an eGFP-tagged recombinant virus, with the reporter gene inserted into a dispensable region of the viral genome, retained virulence, including the potential for congenital transmission, facilitating tissue culture-based detection of congenital infection. These observations provide support for clinical trials of antivirals for reduction of congenital CMV infection.
High-Barrier Poly(hydroxy amide ethers):  Effect of Polymer Structure on Oxygen Transmission Rates. 2 (1998)

The synthesis of a series of new high-barrier poly(hydroxy amide ethers) is described. The polymers are formed by the reactions of Bisphenol A diglycidyl with a series of N,N‘-alkylenebis(4-hydroxybenzamides) of general formula HOC6H4CONHRNHCOC6H4OH [R = −(CH2)2-6−, −CH2CH(OH)CH2−, −CH2C6H4CH2−, or −C6H4−] at 140−160 °C in propylene glycol monophenyl ether solvent using ethyltriphenylphosphonium acetate as initiator. Poly(hydroxy amide ethers) of general structure [−CH2CH(OH)CH2OC6H4C(CH3)2C6H4OCH2CH(OH)CH2OC6H4CONHRNHCOC6H4O−]n are readily prepared in high molecular weight. These amorphous thermoplastics have glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 110−152 °C and oxygen transmission rates (O2TR) which range from 1.0 to 2.8 cc·mil/(100 in.2·atm·day) (barrier units or BU) at 23 °C and 58−86% relative humidity. The effect that polymer structure has on O2TR and Tg is discussed. Of special interest is the poly(hydroxy amide ether) in which R = m-C6H4−. This polymer combines a good oxygen barrier (1.5 BU) with the Tg of an engineering thermoplastic (152 °C).
Deep Learning–Based Image Noise Quantification Framework for Computed Tomography (2023)

The SILVER framework enabled accurate pixel-wise noise level estimation directly from patient images. This method is widely accessible because it operates in the image domain and requires only phantom data for training.
Novel Non-nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. 3. Dipyrido[2,3-b:2',3'-e]diazepinones (1995)

We have explored the potential of derivatives of the dipyrido[2,3-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepinone ring system as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). These compounds are isomeric to the potent RT inhibitor nevirapine and are available via a novel Smiles rearrangement on intermediates used for the synthesis of nevirapine analogs. Derivatives of this isomeric series are weaker inhibitors of RT than corresponding nevirapine analogs, although with appropriate substitution of the A- and C-pyridine rings activity can be improved.
Assessment of nitrogen incorporation in dilute GaAsN films using isotopically enriched molecular beam epitaxy and resonant nuclear reaction analysis (2017)

This paper describes the development of a new materials analysis technique enabled by modifying standard crystal growth methods for dilute nitride III–V semiconductors. The key to this method is the use of nitrogen gas enriched with the 15N isotope during material growth via molecular beam epitaxy, which allows enhanced detection of nitrogen using resonant nuclear reaction analysis (RNRA). Films of GaAs15N have been synthesized and examined using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Accelerator-based ion beam analysis techniques, both RNRA and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (including ion beam channeling configurations), were used to examine the films to obtain depth profiles of nitrogen, to assess their crystallinity, and to determine whether nitrogen is incorporated into substitutional or interstitial lattice sites. This method avoids possible artifacts from surface contamination by N and has confirmed that for the growth parameters investigated, the incorporation of 15N into the material corresponds with the expected enrichment of the feed gas, that the films have excellent crystallinity and uniform composition throughout their thickness, and that the nitrogen in GaAsN is predominantly incorporated substitutionally, in agreement with the lattice distortion observed by XRD.
ANTIBIOTIC 6640. II (1970)

Antibiotic 6640 is produced by aerobic submerged fermentation of a new species of organism, Micromonospora inyoensis (NRRL 3292). The antibiotic is produced substantially as a single component and is extracted from the broth by a cationic exchange procedure. It is purified by use of an anionic resin. Chromatographic studies indicate that it most nearly resembles, but is different from gentamicin C1a. This report describes the production, isolation, , purification, and chemical and physical properties of antibiotic 6640.
Scan Test Cost and Power Reduction Through Systematic Scan Reconfiguration (2007)

This paper presents segmented addressable scan (SAS), a test architecture that addresses test data volume, test application time, test power consumption, and tester channel requirements using a hardware overhead of a few gates per scan chain. Using SAS, this paper also presents systematic scan reconfiguration, a test data compression algorithm that is applied to achieve 10times to 40 times compression ratios without requiring any information from the automatic-test-pattern-generation tool about the unspecified bits. The architecture and the algorithm were applied to both single stuck as well as transition fault test sets
[P1–239]: DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL MULTI‐BIOMARKER ASSESSMENT SCORE FOR ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (2017)

There is an unmet need for laboratory tools that detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its early stages. Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have shown great potential in fulfilling this need. The ratio of the peptides β-amyloid (Aβ) 40 and 42 in CSF predicts disease progression. The levels of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in CSF, and the presence of 1 or more ε4 alleles (APOE4), indicate disease likelihood. Here, we describe a novel algorithm that combines these biomarkers. We have used the algorithm to develop an assessment score that categorizes an individual's likelihood of having AD as higher, lower, or intermediate. Aβ42/ Aβ40 ratio, APOE4allele count, and total ApoE (μg/mL) were determined using mass spectrometry in a training set of 151 specimens from clinically-diagnosed AD and non-AD patients (supplied by UC San Diego ADRC Neuropathology Core and Brain Bank). A diagnosis of AD was based on imaging and cognition tests. The results from the training set were used to develop a logistic regression model. The linear predictor from the regression model was used to create an AD likelihood score. The score was partitioned into 3 groups: higher, intermediate, and lower likelihood. The higher likelihood threshold was selected to allow for a 10% false positive rate, while the lower likelihood threshold was selected to allow for a 10% false negative rate. We validated the model in an initially-blinded separate test cohort of 159 patients independently diagnosed as AD or non-AD using combined genomic and immunochemical methodology. Of the 159 test subjects, 79 were previously diagnosed as AD and 80 were diagnosed as non-AD. Categorization based on logistic regression analysis results is presented in Table 1. Of those in the higher likelihood category, 85.7% (36/42) had at least one APOE4 allele: 47.6% ε2/ε4 or ε3/ε4 (20/42), and 38.1% ε4/ε4 (16/42). The remaining higher likelihood samples, 14.3% (6/42), were APOE4-negative. We have devised a logistic regression model using biomarkers in CSF that has potential to stratify the likelihood of Alzheimer's disease.
A Transparent to Opaque Electrochromic Device Using Reversible Ag Deposition on PProDOT‐Me<sub>2</sub> with Robust Stability (2021)

Abstract A hybrid device integrating both electrochromic (EC) and metal electrodepositing effects is developed. The device consists of a working electrode made with poly(3,4‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐propylenedioxy)thiophene) (PProDOT‐Me 2 ), a counter electrode of bare indium tin oxide, and an electrolyte containing AgNO 3 , LiBr, and Br 2 . The electrolyte is specially designed to provide essential elements for both EC and electrodepositing reactions. By applying varying voltages, the device demonstrates three color states: transparent, blue, and opaque. Detailed measurements reveal that the device displays near‐zero transmittance in the opaque state and can work over 10 000 cycles, with 75.7% as the maximum optical modulation and about 5 s as its response time for both coloring and bleaching processes. This study may provide a way to break the limitation of conventional electrochromic devices (ECDs).
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Spectral Behavior In Transoceanic Links (1991)

Some experiments have already been presented for long haul transmission using in-line Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) [1,2]. However, the question is to determine the actual system limitations for transoceanic links (up to 10,000 km), such as EDFA maximum output power, amplifier spacing, optical filter design. Some theoretical [3] and experimental [4] works have been published mainly with a recirculating loop.
Androgens, angiogenesis and cardiovascular regeneration (2010)

Given the age-related decline in androgens, the findings discussed here have implications for therapeutic angiogenesis and androgen replacement therapies in aging and hypogonadal men.
Programmable Silicon Photonic Optical Thresholder (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical programmable thresholder on a silicon photonic circuit. By exploiting the nonlinearities in a resonator-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), the proposed optical thresholder can discriminate two optical signals with a power contract ratio as low as 1.13. We experimentally achieve a signal contrast enhancement of 40, which leads to a bit error rate (BER) improvement by 5 orders of magnitude and a receiver sensitivity improvement of 11 dB. We present the thresholding function of our device and validate the function with experimental data. Furthermore, we investigate potential device speed improvement by reducing the carrier lifetime.
Coal desulfurization by low temperature chlorinolysis. Phase II. Final report (1980)

Coal desulfurization by low temperature chlorinolysis was conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. An engineering scale batch reactor system was constructed and operated for the evaluation of five high sulfur bituminous coals obtained from Kentucky, Ohio and Illinois. Forty-four test runs were conducted under conditions of 100 x 200 mesh coal, solvents - methylchloroform and water, 60 to 130/sup 0/C, 0 to 60 psig, 45 to 90 minutes and gaseous chlorine flow rate of up to 24 SCFH. Sulfur removals demonstrated for the five coals were: maximum total sulfur removal of 45 to 66%, pyritic sulfur removals of 71 to 95% and organic sulfur removal of 46 to 89% (4 of 5 coals with methylchloroform) and 0 to 24% with water. In addition, an integrated continuous flow mini-pilot plant was designed and constructed for a nominal coal feed rate of 2 kilograms/hour which will be operated as part of the follow-on Phase III program. Equipment flow sheets and design drawings are included for both the batch and continuous flow mini-pilot plants.
Secnidazole Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02147899.
Experimental validation of robotic manifold tracking in gyre-like flows (2014)

In this paper, we present a first attempt toward experimental validation of a multi-robot strategy for tracking manifolds and Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) in flows. LCS exist in natural fluid flows at various scales, and they are time-varying extensions of stable and unstable manifolds of time invariant dynamical systems. In this work, we present the first steps toward experimentally validating our previously proposed real-time manifold and LCS tracking strategy that relies solely on local measurements. Although we have validated the strategy in simulations using analytical flow models, experimental flow data, and actual ocean data, the strategy has never been implemented on an actual robotic platform. We demonstrate the tracking strategy using a team of micro autonomous surface vehicles (mASVs) in our laboratory testbed and investigate the feasibility of the strategy with vehicles operating in an actual fluid environment. Our experimental results show that the team of mASVs can successfully track LCS using a simulated velocity field, and we present preliminary results showing the feasibility of a team of mASVs tracking manifolds in real flows using only local measurements obtained from their onboard flow sensors.
Realtime light dosimetry software tools for interstitial photodynamic therapy of the human prostate (2007)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of prostate cancer has been demonstrated to be a safe treatment option capable of inducing tissue destruction and decreasing prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. However, prostate-PDT results in large intra- and interpatient variations in treatment response, possibly due to biological variations in tissue composition and short-term response to the therapeutic irradiation. Within our group, an instrument for interstitial PDT on prostate tissue has been developed that combines therapeutic light delivery and monitoring of light transmission via numerous bare-ended optical fibers. Here, we present algorithms that utilize data on the light distribution within the target tissue to provide realtime treatment feedback based on a light dose threshold model for PDT. This realtime dosimetry module is implemented to individualize the light dose and compensate for any treatment-induced variations in light attenuation. More specifically, based on the light transmission signals between treatment fibers, spatially resolved spectroscopy is utilized to assess the effective attenuation coefficient of the tissue. These data constitute input to a block-Cimmino optimization algorithm, employed to calculate individual fiber irradiation times provided the requirement to deliver a predetermined light dose to the target tissue while sparing surrounding sensitive organs. By repeatedly monitoring the light transmission signals during the entire treatment session, optical properties and individual fiber irradiation times are updated in realtime. The functionality of the algorithms is tested on diffuse light distribution data simulated by means of the finite element method (FEM). The feasibility of utilizing spatially resolved spectroscopy within heterogeneous media such as the prostate gland is discussed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of the block-Cimmino algorithm to discriminate between target tissue and organs at risk (OAR). Finally, the realtime dosimetry module is evaluated for treatment scenarios displaying spatially and temporally varying light attenuation levels within the target tissue. We conclude that the realtime dosimetry module makes it possible to deliver a certain light dose to the target tissue despite spatial and temporal variations of the target tissue optical properties at the therapeutic wavelength.
Adipokines and cytokines in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2007)

These findings support a complex interaction between adipocytokines and the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Design considerations for high speed quantitative mass spectrometry with MALDI ionization (2006)

A MALDI ion source on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer constructed for the purpose of obtaining high speed quantitative measurements on drugs and other low molecular weight compounds is described. Particular attention is given to the ion generation and transport phenomena that affect analysis speed, throughput, and practical instrument robustness. In this regard parameters that affect desorption speed, beam spreading, ion flight times, sensitivity, signal-to-noise, ion fragmentation, sample carry-over, and instrument contamination are examined and experimental results are provided. MALDI and electrospray sensitivity is compared, to provide a practical frame of reference.
Class 1 (unique) tumor antigens of human melanoma: identification of unique and common epitopes on a 90-kDa glycoprotein. (1988)

Antibodies present in the serum of melanoma patient FD detect an antigenic determinant (FD) restricted to the autologous melanoma cell line SK-MEL-131. This cell-surface determinant is carried on a glycoprotein of 90 kDa, designated gp90. Mice were immunized with a partially purified preparation of gp90 derived from SK-MEL-131 clone 1.5, and three murine hybridomas (KF23, KF26, and KF104) secreting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) detecting this antigen have been generated. Sequential immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that the three mAbs and human FD serum react with the same gp90 species. The mAbs, in contrast to FD serum, react with a broad range of cultured cells in assays for cell-surface antigens and immunoprecipitate a gp90 component from radiolabeled extracts of these cells, including autologous FD B cells. We conclude that gp90 from SK-MEL-131 has two types of determinants: restricted (detected by FD serum) and common (detected by the mouse mAbs). gp90 molecules from cell lines other than SK-MEL-131 carry only the common determinant(s). Immunoperoxidase analysis of frozen tissue sections with mAb KF23 demonstrated a restricted gp90 expression in normal tissues (capillary endothelial cells, duct epithelium in sweat glands, breast, and pancreas). Melanomas and sarcomas showed strong gp90 expression, suggesting up-regulation of gp90 synthesis in certain human cancers.
Improving End-to-End Speech Recognition with Policy Learning (2018)

Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) is widely used for maximum likelihood learning in end-to-end speech recognition models. However, there is usually a disparity between the negative maximum likelihood and the performance metric used in speech recognition, e.g., word error rate (WER). This results in a mismatch between the objective function and metric during training. We show that the above problem can be mitigated by jointly training with maximum likelihood and policy gradient. In particular, with policy learning we are able to directly optimize on the (otherwise non-differentiable) performance metric. We show that joint training improves relative performance by 4% to 13% for our end-to-end model as compared to the same model learned through maximum likelihood. The model achieves 5.53% WER on Wall Street Journal dataset, and 5.42% and 14.70% on Librispeech test-clean and test-other set, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED 1‐(4‐(2‐INDOL‐3‐YLETHYL)‐PIPERAZINYL)UREAS AS POTENTIAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS (1979)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Piperazinylethylindole (I) mit den Isocyanaten (II) liefert die Piperazinylharnstoffe (III).
Adaptive SPIHT for image coding based on curved wavelet transform (2005)

The curved wavelet transform performs 1-D filtering along curves and exploits orientation features of edges and lines in an image to improve the compactness of the wavelet transform. This paper investigates the issue of efficient data organization and representation of the curved wavelet coefficients. We present an adaptive zero-tree structure that exploits the cross-subband similarity of the curved wavelet transform. The child positions in the adaptive zero-tree structure are not restricted to a square of 2x2 pixels and they vary with the curves along which the WT is performed. Five child patterns have been determined according to different combination of curve orientations. A new image coder, using the curved wavelet transform, is then developed based on this adaptive zero-tree structure and the set partitioning technique. Experimental results using synthetic and natural images show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive zero-tree structure for encoding of the curved wavelet coefficients. The coding gain of the proposed coder can be as higher as 1.2dB in terms of <i>PSNR</i> compared to the <i>SPIHT</i> coder.