gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information Embedding in Sonar for Authentication and Identification (2008)

In complex undersea environments, where a multitude of simultaneous sonar transmissions may exist, it is desirable to identify a received sonar echo based on its point of origin, platform, and mission etc. This capability can help distinguish friendly sonar sources from counter fraudulent transmissions intended to confuse or mislead. The solution proposed for this problem is to secure embedding of a robust digital watermark in sonar transmissions. The complex short time Fourier transform (STFT) is selected as the domain for embedding the watermark. We show that the watermark can be recovered from a single ping. Moreover, the watermark survives various channel impairments including noise, seabed clutter and multipath. The same concept can be used for covert undersea communications using biologically occurring signals as cover.
On-chip supercontinuum optical trapping and resonance excitation of microspheres (2010)

We demonstrate the simultaneous optical manipulation and analysis of microscale particles in a microfluidic channel. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in dielectric microspheres are excited using the evanescent field from a silicon nitride waveguide. A supercontinuum source is used to both trap the microspheres to the surface of the waveguide and excite their resonant modes. All measurements are in plane, thus providing an integrated optofluidic platform for lab-on-a-chip biosensing applications.
P-15: A 3 inch Active Matrix for Color Sequential- Liquid Crystal Display (CS-LCD) Based on Metal Induced Continuous Zonal Domain (CZD) Polycrystalline Silicon Technology (2008)

ABSTRCT liquid crystal display (CS-LCD) can be realized without color filter but using a field sequential LED backlight, which enables a high efficiency of backlight and low power consumption. In this paper, the fast addressing active matrix for CS-LCD is designed and fabricated with the technology of metal induced continuous zonal domain (CZD) polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (TFTs). This panel provides fast addressing characteristics and large aperture ratio. Assembled with fast liquid crystal technology, high color purity and clear moving image can be obtained.
Reconstructing complex refractive-index of multiply-scattering media by use of iterative optical diffraction tomography (2019)

Conventional optical diffraction tomography (ODT) techniques fail in the presence of multiple scattering, and the problem becomes even more challenging when the medium is also lossy. Iterative ODT (iODT), which was shown recently to be more tolerant to multiple scattering than conventional ODT, is here augmented with an error-subtraction (ES) module. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of iODT with ES for reconstructing multiply-scattering objects with complex refractive index.
<title>Composite holographic screens for the stereoscopic or multiview color image display</title> (1999)

The transmission type holographic screen is a special kind of scatterer, which is used to concentrate the light from the projected image into small size spot (viewing zone). As a result, different images can be delivered to each observer's eyes and it is possible to display the stereoscopic images. The most serious problem related with the holographic screen is its high dispersion and aberrations which cause the viewing zone distortions and poor color reproduction in the displayed image, especially in the screen corners. Both of the above mentioned drawbacks become more prominent when the screen size becomes larger. To compensate the screen dispersion, a diffuser in the form of a long narrow stripe directed to the reference beam axis is used for an object. The length and position of the diffuser are calculated to make the reconstructed images of it for all wavelengths of the white light projector to be superposed in the viewing zone. To solve the aberrations problem, a big size screen was composed by mosaicking many sub-screens which were recorded individually in the specially optimized setup. For example, when the sub- screen is recorded for the edge part of the screen, the diffuser was tilted different direction to provide proper superposition of the reconstructed diffuser images. For each sub-screen, the diffuser is tilted such that it is in nearly the same plane with the reference beam axis. The sub-screens are recorded on the holographic photoplates PFG-01 (Russia) with an optical set-up optimized for each sub-screen by adjusting the diffuser position and its tilt angle. All necessary parameters are calculated by considering the light beam path for different wavelengths in the visible spectrum. The size of each sub-screen is 40 X 30 cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Eight sub- screens are mosaicked to obtain a composite holographic screen with size 80 X 120 cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The screens have been used to display the full color stereoscopic images from slide projectors. The distances between the projector and the composite screen, and the screen and a viewer are set to 4 m and 3.5 m, respectively.
Adding advanced storage controller functionality via low-overhead virtualization (2012)

Historically, storage controllers have been extended by integrating new code, e.g., file serving, database processing, deduplication, etc., into an existing base. This integration leads to complexity, co-dependency and instability of both the original and new functions. Hypervisors are a known mechanism to isolate different functions. However, to enable extending a storage controller by providing new functions in a virtual machine (VM), the virtualization overhead must be negligible, which is not the case in a straightforward implementation. This paper demonstrates a set of mechanisms and techniques that achieve near zero runtime performance overhead for using virtualization in the context of a storage system.
Phase II Randomized Preoperative Window-of-Opportunity Study of the PI3K Inhibitor Pictilisib Plus Anastrozole Compared With Anastrozole Alone in Patients With Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2016)

Adding pictilisib to anastrozole significantly increases suppression of tumor cell proliferation in luminal B primary breast cancer.
Catalizadores enzimáticos novedosos para la producción de fructooligosacáridos a partir del azúcar de caña (2021)

Introducción: Los fructooligosacáridos (FOS) son fibras solubles con acción prebiótica en Seres humanos y animales. En la actualidad se comercializan FOS tipo inulina (enlaces fructosil-fructosa β [2→1] ), pero no hay disponibilidad de FOS tipo levana (enlaces fructosil - fructosa β[ 2→6] ). Objetivo: obtener enzimas modificadas productoras de FOS de cadenas cortas y diferentes tipos de enlaces. Métodos: Los genes que codifican las enzimas β-fructosidasa (BfrA, EC 3.2.1.26) de la bacteria Thermotoga maritima y sacarosa: sacarosa 1-fructosiltransferasa (1-SST, EC 2.4.1.99) de la planta Schedonorus arundinaceus se modificaron mediante mutagénesis dirigida y se expresaron de forma constitutiva en la levadura Pichia pastoris. Resultados: Tres mutantes BfrA (W14Y, W14Y-N16S y W14Y-W256Y) incrementaron 4 veces la relación de actividades transferasa/hidrolasa. La reacción con sacarosa (1,75 M) rindió 37 % (p/p) FOS con una distribución mayoritaria de 6-kestosa y neokestosa. Por otro lado, 1-SST produjo 1-kestosa y nistosa en proporción 9:1, cuya suma representó de 55 % a 60 % (p/p) del contenido de carbohidratos. Mediante procesos de concentración, diálisis y liofilización del sobrenadante de cultivo de los clones recombinantes de P. pastoris, se desarrollaron preparados de BfrA y 1-SST en forma de polvo soluble en agua, de alta actividad específica (> 8000 U/g), elevada pureza proteica (> 50 %) y estable durante 1 año de almacenamiento a 4 ºC. Los catalizadores enzimáticos BfrA y 1-SST constituyen alternativas atractivas para la conversión del azúcar de caña en FOS de cadenas cortas del tipo levana e inulina, respectivamente.
Resonance control of a silicon micro-ring resonator modulator under high-speed operation using the intrinsic defect-mediated photocurrent (2017)

A method to stabilize the resonance wavelength of a depletion-type silicon micro-ring resonator modulator during high-speed operation is described. The method utilizes the intrinsic defect-mediated photo-absorption of a silicon waveguide and results in a modulator chip fabrication process that is free of heterogeneous integration (for example using germanium), thus significantly reducing the complexity and cost of manufacture. Residual defects, present after p-n junction formation, are found to produce an adequate photocurrent for use as a feedback signal, while an integrated heater is used to compensate for thermal drift via closed-loop control. The photocurrent is measured by a source-meter, which simultaneously provides a DC bias to the integrated heater during high-speed operation. A drop-port or an integrated extrinsic detector is not needed. This feedback control method is experimentally demonstrated via a computer-aided proportional-integral-differential loop. The resonance locking is validated for 12.5 Gb/s intensity modulation in a back-to-back bit-error-rate measurement. The stabilization method described is not limited to a specific modulator design and is compatible with speeds greatly in excess of 12.5 Gb/s, in contrast to the bandwidth limitation of other stabilization methods that rely on intrinsic photo-carrier generation through non-linear processes such as two-photon-absorption. Further, the use of intrinsic defects present after standard fabrication insures that no excess loss is associated with this stabilization method.
Mycobacterium senuense sp. nov., a slowly growing, non-chromogenic species closely related to the Mycobacterium terrae complex (2008)

A previously undescribed, slowly growing, non-chromogenic mycobacterium, isolated from a Korean patient with a symptomatic pulmonary infection, is described as representing a novel species. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence was unique and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this organism belonged to the Mycobacterium terrae subclade. Phenotypically, the strain was generally similar to M. terrae and Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, but its growth rate was slower than those of other M. terrae complex strains. A unique mycolic acid profile and phylogenetic analysis based on two different alternative chronometer molecules, hsp65 and rpoB, confirm the taxonomic status of this strain as a representative of a novel species. The name Mycobacterium senuense sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 05-832T (=DSM 44999T =KCTC 19147T).
Potent, Rationally Designed Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase (1992)

The first class of potent inhibitors of squalene synthase is described. The lead inhibitor, ether 10, was discovered as a result of rational design on the basis of a proposed mechanism for the enzymatic reaction. The ether oxygen was positioned to hydrogen bond with a putative active site acid catalyst and was found to make a substantial contribution to the inhibitor-enzyme binding energy. The structural requirements for potent inhibition are discussed.
Continuous cerebroventricular administration of dopamine: A new treatment for severe dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease? (2017)

In Parkinson's disease (PD) depletion of dopamine in the nigro-striatal pathway is a main pathological hallmark that requires continuous and focal restoration. Current predominant treatment with intermittent oral administration of its precursor, Levodopa (l-dopa), remains the gold standard but pharmacological drawbacks trigger motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Continuous intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of dopamine previously failed as a therapy because of an inability to resolve the accelerated dopamine oxidation and tachyphylaxia. We aim to overcome prior challenges by demonstrating treatment feasibility and efficacy of continuous i.c.v. of dopamine close to the striatum. Dopamine prepared either anaerobically (A-dopamine) or aerobically (O-dopamine) in the presence or absence of a conservator (sodium metabisulfite, SMBS) was assessed upon acute MPTP and chronic 6-OHDA lesioning and compared to peripheral l-dopa treatment. A-dopamine restored motor function and induced a dose dependent increase of nigro-striatal tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in mice after 7 days of MPTP insult that was not evident with either O-dopamine or l-dopa. In the 6-OHDA rat model, continuous circadian i.c.v. injection of A-dopamine over 30 days also improved motor activity without occurrence of tachyphylaxia. This safety profile was highly favorable as A-dopamine did not induce dyskinesia or behavioral sensitization as observed with peripheral l-dopa treatment. Indicative of a new therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from l-dopa related complications with dyskinesia, continuous i.c.v. of A-dopamine has greater efficacy in mediating motor impairment over a large therapeutic index without inducing dyskinesia and tachyphylaxia.
Multi-directional impedance control with electromyography for compliant human-robot interaction (2015)

Compliant human-robot interaction is necessary for the seamless integration of robotic devices into everyday life. Surface electromyography (sEMG) provides a potential interface for compliant control due to the natural relationship between muscle activity and joint stiffness. Previous works have used sEMG to predict and control impedance along a single degree-of-freedom (DOF). However, humans interacting in unstable environments tune both the magnitude and direction of their impedance. This paper proposes a framework for multi-directional impedance control with sEMG to enhance compliant interactions. The framework allows subjects to simultaneously control both the direction of motion and primary stiffness axis of a robot, enabling stable behavior with controlled compliance to external forces. The efficacy of the approach is shown in a five day experiment with a 3-DOF virtual environment. Subjects displayed significant performance enhancements consistent with motor skill learning as they learned to follow paths and stay at desired targets while compensating for external forces. The framework is also demonstrated with compliant simultaneous and proportional control of a robot arm, suggesting the approach as a natural interface for enhancing capabilities of compliant human-robot interaction.
Prospective isolation of NKX2-1–expressing human lung progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells (2017)

It has been postulated that during human fetal development, all cells of the lung epithelium derive from embryonic, endodermal, NK2 homeobox 1-expressing (NKX2-1+) precursor cells. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested owing to an inability to purify or track these progenitors for detailed characterization. Here we have engineered and developmentally differentiated NKX2-1GFP reporter pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro to generate and isolate human primordial lung progenitors that express NKX2-1 but are initially devoid of differentiated lung lineage markers. After sorting to purity, these primordial lung progenitors exhibited lung epithelial maturation. In the absence of mesenchymal coculture support, this NKX2-1+ population was able to generate epithelial-only spheroids in defined 3D cultures. Alternatively, when recombined with fetal mouse lung mesenchyme, the cells recapitulated epithelial-mesenchymal developing lung interactions. We imaged these progenitors in real time and performed time-series global transcriptomic profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing as they moved through the earliest moments of lung lineage specification. The profiles indicated that evolutionarily conserved, stage-dependent gene signatures of early lung development are expressed in primordial human lung progenitors and revealed a CD47hiCD26lo cell surface phenotype that allows their prospective isolation from untargeted, patient-specific PSCs for further in vitro differentiation and future applications in regenerative medicine.
On implicate discovery and query optimization (2003)

Boolean expression simplification is a well-known problem in the history of computer science. The problem of determining prime implicates from an arbitrary Boolean expression has been mostly studied in the contexts of hardware design and automated reasoning. While many of the same principles can be applied to the simplification of search conditions in ANSI SQL queries, the richness of its language and SQL's three-valued logic present a number of challenges. We propose a modified version of a matrix-based normalization algorithm suitable for normalizing SQL search conditions in constrained-memory environments. In particular we describe a set of tradeoffs that enable our algorithm to discover a useful set of implicates without requiring a complete conversion of the input condition to a normal form, preventing a combinatorial explosion in the number of terms.
Extracellular Zinc Protects Against Acidosis-Induced Injury of Cells Expressing Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Permeable Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (2007)

Acidosis is a common feature of neurological conditions including brain ischemia, epileptic seizures, and neurotrauma. Activation of Ca(2+)-permeable acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC1a) is involved in acidosis-mediated ischemic brain injury. Zn(2+) is a divalent cation concentrated in nerve terminals in various brain regions, and is released into the extracellular space during excitatory stimulation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the activities of ASIC1a containing channels and acid-induced increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations are inhibited dramatically by the physiological concentration of extracellular Zn(2+). In this report, we demonstrate that decreasing the concentration of the extracellular Zn(2+) significantly enhances acid-induced injury of HEK 293 cells, a cell line expressing homomeric ASIC1a-like channels, whereas increasing the concentration of extracellular Zn(2+) appears to be protective. Although increased concentrations of intracellular Zn(2+) have been shown to be detrimental to neurons, our findings may suggest that the physiological concentration of extracellular Zn(2+) might play a protective role in acidosis-induced, ASIC1a-mediated neuronal injury.
Prodigious Effects of Concentration Intensification on Nanoparticle Synthesis: A High-Quality, Scalable Approach (2015)

Realizing the promise of nanoparticle-based technologies demands more efficient, robust synthesis methods (i.e., process intensification) that consistently produce large quantities of high-quality nanoparticles (NPs). We explored NP synthesis via the heat-up method in a regime of previously unexplored high concentrations near the solubility limit of the precursors. We discovered that in this highly concentrated and viscous regime the NP synthesis parameters are less sensitive to experimental variability and thereby provide a robust, scalable, and size-focusing NP synthesis. Specifically, we synthesize high-quality metal sulfide NPs (<7% relative standard deviation for Cu2-xS and CdS), and demonstrate a 10-1000-fold increase in Cu2-xS NP production (>200 g) relative to the current field of large-scale (0.1-5 g yields) and laboratory-scale (<0.1 g) efforts. Compared to conventional synthesis methods (hot injection with dilute precursor concentration) characterized by rapid growth and low yield, our highly concentrated NP system supplies remarkably controlled growth rates and a 10-fold increase in NP volumetric production capacity (86 g/L). The controlled growth, high yield, and robust nature of highly concentrated solutions can facilitate large-scale nanomanufacturing of NPs by relaxing the synthesis requirements to achieve monodisperse products. Mechanistically, our investigation of the thermal and rheological properties and growth rates reveals that this high concentration regime has reduced mass diffusion (a 5-fold increase in solution viscosity), is stable to thermal perturbations (∼64% increase in heat capacity), and is resistant to Ostwald ripening.
Measurement of exceptional motion in VR video contents for VR sickness assessment using deep convolutional autoencoder (2017)

This paper proposes a new objective metric of exceptional motion in VR video contents for VR sickness assessment. In VR environment, VR sickness can be caused by several factors which are mismatched motion, field of view, motion parallax, viewing angle, etc. Similar to motion sickness, VR sickness can induce a lot of physical symptoms such as general discomfort, headache, stomach awareness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and disorientation. To address the viewing safety issues in virtual environment, it is of great importance to develop an objective VR sickness assessment method that predicts and analyses the degree of VR sickness induced by the VR content. The proposed method takes into account motion information that is one of the most important factors in determining the overall degree of VR sickness. In this paper, we detect the exceptional motion that is likely to induce VR sickness. Spatio-temporal features of the exceptional motion in the VR video content are encoded using a convolutional autoencoder. For objectively assessing the VR sickness, the level of exceptional motion in VR video content is measured by using the convolutional autoencoder as well. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been successfully evaluated by subjective assessment experiment using simulator sickness questionnaires (SSQ) in VR environment.
Immunization with high-molecular-weight adhesion proteins of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae modifies experimental otitis media in chinchillas (1996)

Prevention of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae otitis media by vaccination is an important health care goal. Proteins important in bacterial adherence deserve consideration as potential vaccine candidates. Two colleagues and I previously identified a family of immunogenic high-molecular-weight proteins important in adherence of nontypeable H. influenzae to human epithelial cells (J.W. St. Geme III, S. Falkow, and S.J. Barenkamp, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90:2875-2879, 1993). In the work described here, I determined whether immunization with two such adherence proteins, HMW1 and HMW2, purified from prototype nontypeable Haemophilus strain 12, would modify the course of experimental otitis media caused by the homologous strain. Chinchillas received three monthly subcutaneous injections with 40 microgram of an HMW1/HMW2 protein mixture in Freud's adjuvant. One month after the last injection, animals were challenged by intrabullar inoculation with 300 CFU of nontypeable H. influenzae 12. Infection developed in five of five control animals versus 5 of 10 immunized animals (P = 0.08, Fisher exact, one-tailed). Among infected animals, bacterial counts in middle ear fluid specimens 7 days postchallenge were significantly greater in control animals than in immunized animals (P = 0.014, Mann-Whitney U test). Serum antibody titers following immunization were comparable in uninfected and infected animals. However, infection in immunized animals was uniformly associated with the appearance of bacteria downregulated in expression of the high-molecular-weight proteins, suggesting bacterial selection in response to immunologic pressure. Although protection following immunization was incomplete, these data suggest that the high-molecular-weight adhesion proteins are potentially important protective antigens which might represent one component of a multicomponent nontypeable Haemophilus vaccine.