gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully Connected Network-Based Intra Prediction for Image Coding (2018)

This paper proposes a deep learning method for intra prediction. Different from traditional methods utilizing some fixed rules, we propose using a fully connected network to learn an end-to-end mapping from neighboring reconstructed pixels to the current block. In the proposed method, the network is fed by multiple reference lines. Compared with traditional single line-based methods, more contextual information of the current block is utilized. For this reason, the proposed network has the potential to generate better prediction. In addition, the proposed network has good generalization ability on different bitrate settings. The model trained from a specified bitrate setting also works well on other bitrate settings. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. When compared with high efficiency video coding reference software HM-16.9, our network can achieve an average of 3.4% bitrate saving. In particular, the average result of 4K sequences is 4.5% bitrate saving, where the maximum one is 7.4%.
Removing false code dependencies to speedup software build processes (2003)

The development of large software systems involves a continual lengthy build process that may include preprocessing, compilation and linking of tens of thousands of source code files. In many cases, much of this build time is wasted because of false dependencies between implementation files and their respective header files. We present a graph algorithm and a programming tool that discovers and removes false dependencies among files. We show experimentally that the resulting preprocessed code is more compact, thereby contributing to faster build processes.
Smart hydrogels as functional biomimetic systems (2014)

Stimuli-responsive (smart) hydrogels have attracted widespread attention as biomimetic systems due to their ability to respond to subtle changes in external and internal stimuli ranging from physical triggers such as temperature and electric field to chemical triggers like glucose and pH. Besides their intriguing behavior, the main interest in such smart hydrogels lies in their potential industrial and biomedical applications. Some of these applications include injectable biomaterials, tunable surfaces for cell sheet engineering, sensors, and actuators. In this review, we discuss the fundamental principles underlying the stimuli-responsive behavior of hydrogels and how these properties have led to major technological innovations. We also review recent advancements in the field of hydrogels, including self-healing and stimuli-responsive degradation in hydrogels. We conclude by providing a perspective on the potential use of smart hydrogels as multifunctional, bioactuating systems for cell and tissue engineering.
Dietary Intake of Natural Antioxidants: Vitamins and Polyphenols (2013)

Oxidative stress is a condition in which oxidant metabolites exert their toxic effect because of an increased production or an altered cellular mechanism of protection; oxidative stress is rapidly gaining recognition as a key phenomenon in chronic diseases. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves. Endogenous defence mechanisms are inadequate for the complete prevention of oxidative damage, and different sources of dietary antioxidants may be especially important. This article calls attention to the dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, and E and polyphenols. Compelling evidence has led to the conclusion that diet is a key environmental factor and a potential tool for the control of chronic diseases. More specifically, fruits and vegetables have been shown to exert a protective effect. The high content of minerals and natural antioxidant as vitamins A, C, and E and polyphenols in fruits and vegetables may be a main factor responsible for these effects.
User interface adaptation for multi-device Web-based media applications (2015)

The quest to transform the television viewing experience into a digital media service is happening thanks to the addition of companion screens to the TV. Multi-device experiences become more intuitive and easier to use federating cooperative devices. They also bring new creative opportunities to schedule and distribute interactive content synchronised with the TV programme through any connected screen. The rise of HTML5 to develop responsive applications across multiple devices adds a significant amount of improvement enabling universal delivery. A key challenge to harness the power of navigation engaged with the story on the TV is the responsive design of a unique application spanning all the available screens. This paper presents user tests in order to explore the relevant parameters to create responsive User Interfaces for Web-based multi-device applications driven by media content.
Stationary and Moving Occupancy Detection Using the SLEEPIR Sensor Module and Machine Learning (2021)

Passive infrared (PIR) sensors, currently used for indoor lighting control report frequent false negative detects for stationary occupancy, which takes up almost 50% of the total occupancy rate. To address this, we developed a synchronized low-energy electronically chopped PIR (SLEEPIR) sensor that incorporates a liquid crystal (LC) shutter to chop the long-wave infrared signal received by the on-board PIR sensor. In this paper, we present a SLEEPIR sensor module, integrated with a PIR and machine learning for systematic evaluation of true occupancy detection in daily life. We design complex experimental scenarios containing a series of continuous daily activities and individual actions to simulate realistic environment to the maximum extend. We extract and down select key statistical features using recursive feature elimination with cross validation. In the end, we compared six machine learning models to evaluate the detection performance. Experiments involving continuous daily activities indicate an accuracy of 99.12% by using the support vector machine classifier.
Cathepsin S Is Required for Murine Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Pathogenesis (2005)

Because presentation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) peptides to T cells is critical to the development of myasthenia gravis, we examined the role of cathepsin S (Cat S) in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) induced by AChR immunization. Compared with wild type, Cat S null mice were markedly resistant to the development of EAMG, and showed reduced T and B cell responses to AChR. Cat S null mice immunized with immunodominant AChR peptides showed weak responses, indicating failed peptide presentation accounted for autoimmune resistance. A Cat S inhibitor suppressed in vitro IFN-gamma production by lymph node cells from AChR-immunized, DR3-bearing transgenic mice. Because Cat S null mice are not severely immunocompromised, Cat S inhibitors could be tested for their therapeutic potential in EAMG.
Stabilizing Hydrogen Adsorption through Theory-Guided Chalcogen Substitution in Chevrel-Phase Mo<sub>6</sub>X<sub>8</sub> (X=S, Se, Te) Electrocatalysts (2020)

In this work, we implement a facile microwave-assisted synthesis method to yield three binary Chevrel-Phase chalcogenides (Mo<sub>6</sub>X<sub>8</sub>; X = S, Se, Te) and investigate the effect of increasing chalcogen electronegativity on hydrogen evolution catalytic activity. Density functional theory predictions indicate that increasing chalcogen electronegativity in these materials will yield a favorable electronic structure for proton reduction. This is confirmed experimentally via X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as traditional electrochemical analysis. We have identified that increasing the electronegativity of X in Mo<sub>6</sub>X<sub>8</sub> increases the hydrogen adsorption strength owing to a favorable shift in the p-band position as well as an increase in the Lewis basicity of the chalcogen, thereby improving hydrogen evolution reaction energetics. We find that Mo<sub>6</sub>S<sub>8</sub> exhibits the highest hydrogen evolution activity of the Mo<sub>6</sub>X<sub>8</sub> series of catalysts, requiring an overpotential of 321 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup><sub>ECSA</sub>, a Tafel slope of 74 mV per decade, and an exchange current density of 6.01 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mA cm<sup>-2</sup><sub>ECSA</sub>. Agreement between theory and experiment in this work indicates that the compositionally tunable Chevrel-Phase chalcogenide family is a promising framework for which electronic structure can be predictably modified to improve catalytic small-molecule reduction reactivity.
Palladium(II)-catalyzed alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide with α-olefins: synthetic and mechanistic aspects (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium(II)-catalyzed alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide with α-olefins: synthetic and mechanistic aspectsZhaozhong Jiang, Garth M. Dahlen, Karl Houseknecht, and Ayusman SenCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 11, 2999–3001Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00037a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00037a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A cascade of classifiers for extracting medication information from discharge summaries (2011)

This study demonstrates that our hybrid approach outperforms purely statistical or rule-based systems. The study also shows that a cascade of classifiers works better than a single classifier in extracting medication information. The system is available as is upon request from the first author.
A biophysical model of atrial fibrillation and electrograms : formulation, validation and applications (2004)

Atrial arrhythmias are the most frequent rhythm disorders in humans and often lead to severe complications such as heart failure and stroke. While different mapping techniques have provided significant information on the electrophysiological processes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), the mechanisms underlying AF initiation and maintenance remain unclear. Hence the treatment of atrial arrhythmias is still based on empirical considerations. To assist the study of the complex spatio-temporal dynamics of AF, a realistic-size computer model of human atria was developed. The model geometry was derived from magnetic resonance images of the human heart. Mathematical models of cell electrophysiology describing the ionic currents through the cell membrane were used. By representing the domain as a three-dimensional monolayer, the computational load was sufficiently reduced to allow the simulation of more than 20 seconds of an arrhythmia. With this model, simulated AF, i.e. multiple reentrant wavelets, were induced using different clinically relevant protocols. The model outputs both transmembrane potential maps and electrograms at any location in the atria, facilitating comparisons of simulation results to experimental or clinical data. It is also possible to study separately the conditions leading to the initiation and perpetuation of AF, and, more generally, to uncouple the phenomena by controlling separately the parameters affecting the simulation. First, the mechanisms leading to AF initiation and perpetuation were investigated. In a model of normal conduction in the atria, electrically-induced AF was unsustained and converted to sinus rhythm after a few seconds. After remodeling (applied as an abrupt alteration of tissue properties), however, episodes of sustained AF were obtained. Simulated AF was observed as several wavelets propagating randomly over the whole atrial surface and undergoing anatomical and functional reentries, collisions, and annihilation by mutual interaction. The simulation studies suggest that the restitution dynamics (describing the dependence of the action potential duration on the previous diastolic interval) and the wavelength (effective refractory period × conduction velocity) play a crucial role in determining the duration of AF. Electrograms were then computed during simulated AF and their morphology was characterized by their amplitude and asymmetry. These simulated electrograms were similar to those recorded in humans. By simulating wavefront propagation in carefully prepared conditions, is was possible to determine the effect of the different components of AF dynamics (wavefront shape, collisions, conduction blocks, wavelength) as well as the influence of the underlying substrate (tissue conductivity, anisotropy, heterogeneity) on waveform morphology. Analysis of the amplitude and symmetry of unipolar atrial electrograms is believed to provide information about the electrophysiological substrate maintaining AF.
Buffer allocation for frame reassembly and queueing in ATM networks (2002)

Buffer allocation for frame reassembly and queueing in the destination node of an ATM subnetwork supporting multiple frame relay connections is examined. The finite peak rate of a frame relay connection is explicitly modeled and shown to be an important factor in buffer sizing. Specifically, the average number of buffers required is shown to be large when many low-peak-rate frame relay connections are multiplexed for delivery to a single high-speed frame relay interface port, but the tail of the distribution is determined only by aggregate traffic statistics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Progesterone Receptor–Cyclin D1 Complexes Induce Cell Cycle–Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Breast Cancer Cells (2014)

The progesterone receptor (PR) and its coactivators are direct targets of activated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in response to peptide growth factors, progesterone, and deregulation of cell cycle inhibitors. Herein, using the T47D breast cancer model, we probed mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent PR action. In the absence of exogenous progestin, the PR is specifically phosphorylated during the G2/M phase. Accordingly, numerous PR target genes are cell cycle regulated, including HSPB8, a heat-shock protein whose high expression is associated with tamoxifen resistance. Progestin-induced HSPB8 expression required cyclin D1 and was insensitive to antiestrogens but blocked by antiprogestins or inhibition of specificity factor 1 (SP1). HSPB8 expression increased with or without ligand when cells were G2/M synchronized or contained high levels of cyclin D1. Knockdown of PRs abrogated ligand-independent HSPB8 expression in synchronized cells. Notably, PRs and cyclin D1 copurified in whole-cell lysates of transiently transfected COS-1 cells and in PR-positive T47D breast cancer cells expressing endogenous cyclin D1. PRs, cyclin D1, and SP1 were recruited to the HSPB8 promoter in progestin-treated T47D breast cancer cells. Mutation of PR Ser345 to Ala (S345A) or inhibition of CDK2 activity using roscovitine disrupted PR/cyclin D1 interactions with DNA and blocked HSPB8 mRNA expression. Interaction of phosphorylated PRs with SP1 and cyclin D1 provides a mechanism for targeting transcriptionally active PRs to selected gene promoters relevant to breast cancer progression. Understanding the functional linkage between PRs and cell cycle regulatory proteins will provide keys to targeting novel PR/cyclin D1 cross talk in both hormone-responsive disease and HSPB8-high refractory disease with high HSPB8 expression.
Classification Accuracy of Serum Apo A-I and S100B for the Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Prediction of Abnormal Initial Head Computed Tomography Scan (2013)

The objective of the current study was to determine the classification accuracy of serum S100B and apolipoprotein (apoA-I) for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and abnormal initial head computed tomography (CT) scan, and to identify ethnic, racial, age, and sex variation in classification accuracy. We performed a prospective, multi-centered study of 787 patients with mTBI who presented to the emergency department within 6 h of injury and 467 controls who presented to the outpatient laboratory for routine blood work. Serum was analyzed for S100B and apoA-I. The outcomes were disease status (mTBI or control) and initial head CT scan. At cutoff values defined by 90% of controls, the specificity for mTBI using S100B (0.899 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.92]) was similar to that using apoA-I (0.902 [0.87-0.93]), and the sensitivity using S100B (0.252 [0.22-0.28]) was similar to that using apoA-I (0.249 [0.22-0.28]). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the combination of S100B and apoA-I (0.738, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.77), however, was significantly higher than the AUC for S100B alone (0.709, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.74, p=0.001) and higher than the AUC for apoA-I alone (0.645, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.68, p<0.0001). The AUC for prediction of abnormal initial head CT scan using S100B was 0.694 (95%CI: 0.62, 0.77) and not significant for apoA-I. At a S100B cutoff of <0.060 μg/L, the sensitivity for abnormal head CT was 98%, and 22.9% of CT scans could have been avoided. There was significant age and race-related variation in the accuracy of S100B for the diagnosis of mTBI. The combined use of serum S100B and apoA-I maximizes classification accuracy for mTBI, but only S100B is needed to classify abnormal head CT scan. Because of significant subgroup variation in classification accuracy, age and race need to be considered when using S100B to classify subjects for mTBI.
Submicron spacing of air-lubricated slider in a disk file with swinging arm actuator (1981)

This paper describes the Yaw angle effects on static and dynamic flying characteristics of air-lubricated slider bearings in a disk file with swinging arm actuator. Finite element simulation was carried out to study the static characteristics. It became clear that the slider minimum spacing decreased markedly by yaw angle effect and the results were in good agreement with the experimental investigation. Dynamic characteristics were discussed theoretically from the view point of the slider frequency response to disk vibration and it was found that little difference existed in slider dynamic stability in regard to yaw effect, even when there was a yaw angle of up to 15° in a practical design.
Effects of extracellular calcium depletion on membrane topography and occluding junctions of mammary epithelial cells in culture. (1983)

Ca2+ dependence of occluding junction structure and permeability, well documented in explanted or cultured epithelial sheets, presumably reflects inherent control mechanisms. As an approach to identification of these mechanisms, we induced disassembly of zonulae occludentes in confluent monolayers of mouse mammary epithelial cells by exposure to low concentrations of the chelators, EGTA or sodium citrate. Stages in disassembly were monitored during treatment by phase-contrast microscopy and prepared for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Cellular response included several events affecting occluding junctions: (a) Centripetal cytoplasmic contraction created tension on junction membranes and displaced intramembrane strands along lines determined by the axis of tension. (b) Destabilization of junction position, probably through increased membrane fluidity, augmented tension-induced movement of strands, resulting in fragmentation of the junction belt. (c) Active ruffling and retraction of freed peripheral membranes remodeled cell borders to produce many filopodia, distally attached by occluding-junction fragments to neighboring cell membranes. Filopodia generally persisted until mechanically ruptured, when endocytosis of the junction and adhering cytoplasmic bleb ensued. Junction disassembly thus resulted from mechanical tensions generated by initial centripetal contraction and subsequent peripheral cytoskeletal activity, combined with destabilization of the junction's intramembrane strand pattern.
Quantification of polymer concentration in water using UV-Vis spectroscopy (2013)

The goal of this study was to develop a method that uses UV-Vis spectroscopy for the determination of residual polymer concentration water and environmental samples. UV-Vis absorbance measurements are quick and simple and can be usefully applied in research and practice. Five different polymers exhibiting a wide range of polymer characteristics were tested in the UV range of 200-300 nm. The incremental increases in polymer concentrations corresponded to incremental increases in absorbance measurements, and a strong linear relationship was established between the polymer concentration and the absorbance values. The method was successfully used in the determination of polymer concentrations in water samples, as well as in centrate samples collected from a wastewater treatment plant.
The developmental miRNA profiles of zebrafish as determined by small RNA cloning (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of small, regulatory, noncoding RNAs that are found in plants and animals. Here, we describe the miRNA profile of the zebrafish Danio rerio resolved in a developmental and cell-type-specific manner. The profiles were obtained from larger-scale sequencing of small RNA libraries prepared from developmentally staged zebrafish, and two adult fibroblast cell lines derived from the caudal fin (ZFL) and the liver epithelium (SJD). We identified a total of 154 distinct miRNAs expressed from 343 miRNA genes. Other experimental/computational sources support an additional 10 miRNAs encoded by 19 genes. The miRNAs can be classified into 87 distinct families. Cross-species comparison indicates that 81 families are conserved in mammals, 17 of which also have at least one member conserved in an invertebrate. Our analysis reveals that the zygotes are essentially devoid of miRNAs and that their expression begins during the blastula period with a zebrafish-specific family of miRNAs encoded by closely spaced multicopy genes. Computational predictions of zebrafish miRNA targets are provided that take into account the depth of evolutionary conservation. Besides miRNAs, we identified a prominent class of repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs).
Phase disambiguation using spatio-temporally modulated illumination in depth sensing (2020)

Abstract Phase ambiguity is a major problem in the depth measurement in either time-of-flight or phase shifting. Resolving the ambiguity using a low frequency pattern sacrifices the depth resolution, and using multiple frequencies requires a number of observations. In this paper, we propose a phase disambiguation method that combines temporal and spatial modulation so that the high depth resolution is preserved while the number of observation is kept. A key observation is that the phase ambiguities of temporal and spatial domains appear differently with respect to the depth. Using this difference, the phase can disambiguate for a wider range of interest. We develop a prototype to show the effectiveness of our method through real-world experiments.