gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrogenesis of Parenchymal Organs (2008)

Fibrosis of parenchymal organs is caused by prolonged injury, deregulation of the normal processes of wound healing, and extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The current review will focus on common features of fibrogenesis in parenchymal organs, and will briefly discuss common features and differences in the pathophysiology of fibrosis. Comparison of hepatic, renal, and pulmonary fibrosis has identified several common mechanisms. Common themes include a critical role for the cytokine transforming growth factor beta and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Activated myofibroblasts are the common cell type that produce the excessive fibrous scar and may originate from endogenous cells such as hepatic stellate cells or fibroblasts, from the bone marrow such as fibrocytes, or from the transition of epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells. These concepts open new prospects for multidisciplinary research and the development of new therapies for fibrosis.
Integrated multi-cohort transcriptional meta-analysis of neurodegenerative diseases (2014)

Our results implicate pervasive bioenergetic deficits, M1-type microglial activation and gliosis as unifying themes of neurodegeneration, and identify numerous novel genes associated with neurodegenerative processes.
Novel Power Loading Algorithm for Downlink Multiple Streams MIMO System (2008)

In downlink multiple streams multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is used to increase spectrum efficiency (SE) due to selecting the modulation and coding rate scheme (MCS) dynamically. However, there is a gap between UE's signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and that required by the MCS. In this paper, we propose a novel power loading algorithm using the SINR gap. The algorithm converts the SINR gap into the transmit power gap among different streams. Thus BS adjusts transmit power allocation for different streams and selects higher MCS than that without adjusting power. The results demonstrate that this proposed algorithm contributes large gain of SE for single user (SU-) MIMO based on singular value decomposition (SVD) preceding.
Modified CORDIC demodulator implementation for digital IF-sampled receiver (2002)

With the expansion of wireless concepts in mobile communications, for example ETTM (electronic tolling and traffic management) and DAB (digital audio broadcasting) receiver, mobile radio designers feel the need to keep the cost of design low while maintaining high performance, and to have high speed digital systems which can perform DSP algorithms to provide immunity to multipath fading problems. A novel approach for VLSI realization of a modified CORDIC (coordinate rotation digital computer) algorithm for a digital IF-sampled receiver is presented. It is intended for an inexpensive realization of a demodulator which is part of the digital IF-sampled digital receiver for AM/FM within a VLSI chip. For high speed carrier phase synchronization digital systems, this hardware design can be used to acquire the phase information for further carrier phase processing. The modified CORDIC offers several advantages. First, it has no initial start up. Second, scaling factors can be computed at the end of the CORDIC iterations. The modified CORDIC is proposed to maintain precision with less hardware complexity. Overall, the algorithm is computationally efficient and conceptually simple. It is implemented in VHDL (very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language).
Effect of amiloride and saline on nasal mucociliary clearance and potential difference in cystic fibrosis and normal subjects. (1993)

Nebulised saline significantly improves nasal mucociliary clearance in both normal subjects and those with cystic fibrosis. Amiloride did not appear to exert any additional effects in either group of subjects, despite evidence of its efficacy of deposition.
Comparative Theoretical Study on Charge-Transfer Fluorescence Probes:  6-Propanoyl-2-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylamino)naphthalene and Derivatives (1998)

The efficient fluorescence probe 6-propanoyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)naphthalene (PRODAN) shows a significant Stokes shift in polar solvents. Neither experimental nor theoretical studies performed up to now yield a definitive description of the character of the emissive state. Results of the recently developed DFT/SCI method are compared to semiempirical calculations with the spectroscopic ZINDO/S parametrization and the AM1/CISD Hamiltonian which was not parametrized for computation of spectroscopic properties. The most reliable results are obtained with the DFT/SCI and AM1/CISD approaches. The absorption spectrum of PRODAN is excellently reproduced by the DFT/SCI calculations, and the AM1/CISD results are superior to ZINDO/S. These results allow the assignment of the red-shifted fluorescence band to both emission of a highly polar dimethylamino twisted intramolecular charge transfer state (N-TICT) and a geometrically unchanged planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) state. A comparison with 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)naphthalene (DAN) and 2-propanoylnaphthalene (PRON) shows that each of the donor or acceptor substituents alone in combination with rotation about the naphthalene-substituent single bond is sufficient to generate a low lying charge-transfer state with a large dipole moment.
Laminin γ3 plays an important role in retinal lamination, photoreceptor organisation and ganglion cell differentiation (2018)

Laminins are heterotrimeric glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. Eleven different laminin chains have been identified in vertebrates. They are ubiquitously expressed in the human body, with a distinct tissue distribution. Laminin expression in neural retina and their functional role during human retinogenesis is still unknown. This study investigated the laminin expression in human developing and adult retina, showing laminin α1, α5, β1, β2 and γ1 to be predominantly expressed in Bruch's membrane and the inner limiting membrane. Laminin-332 and laminin γ3 expression were mainly observed in the neural retina during retinal histogenesis. These expression patterns were largely conserved in pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. Blocking of laminin γ3 function in retinal organoids resulted in the disruption of laminar organisation and synapse formation, the loss of photoreceptor organisation and retinal ganglion cells. Our data demonstrate a unique temporal and spatial expression for laminins and reveal a novel role for laminin γ3 during human retinogenesis.
Mitoautophagy: A Unique Self-Destructive Path Mitochondria of Upper Motor Neurons With TDP-43 Pathology Take, Very Early in ALS (2019)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the converging paths for many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and TDP-43 pathology is the most common proteinopathy detected in ALS and ALS/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ALS/FTLD). We recently identified mitochondrial problems in corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) and in Betz cells of patients with TDP-43 pathology. However, the timing and the extent of mitochondrial defects, and their mode of degeneration have not been revealed. Because it is important to reveal when problems first begin to emerge and whether they are shared or unique, we investigated the health and integrity of mitochondria in CSMN of prpTDP-43<sup>A315T</sup>, PFN1<sup>G118V</sup>, and hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice at P15 (post-natal day 15)-a very early age in mice without any sign of cellular degeneration.Utilization of immuno-coupled electron microscopy for a detailed surveillance of mitochondria in CSMN and other non-CSMN cells revealed presence of a novel self-destructive path of mitochondrial degeneration, which we named <i>mitoautophagy</i>. Mitoauthopgy is different from mitophagy, as it does not require autophagosome-mediated degradation. In contrast, in this novel path, mitochondria can clear themselves independently. We find that even at this early age, all diseased CSMN begin to display mitochondrial defects, whereas mitochondria in non-CSMN cells are healthy. Our findings not only reveal mitoautophagy as a novel path of mitochondrial clearance that occurs prior to neuronal vulnerability, but it also highlights that it is present mainly in the upper motor neurons of prpTDP-43<sup>A315T</sup> and PFN1<sup>G118V</sup> mice, which mimic many aspects of the disease in patients with TDP-43 pathology.
Heuristic algorithms for I/O scheduling for efficient retrieval of large objects from tertiary storage (2001)

Multimedia data service applications of today are to efficiently deal with possibly massive amount of large objects (LOBs). The storage capacity of the traditional disk-based DBMS is certainly limited to support such applications. As such, it is necessary for the DBMS to employ the tertiary storage devices, which perform often with long latency and yet can provide huge amount of storage capacity at the relatively low cost. In this paper, we investigate the tertiary I/O scheduling algorithms for efficient retrieval of the LOBs that are stored in the tertiary storage device with multiple platters. Taking into consideration the performance characteristics of the tertiary storage devices and LOB retrieval, we propose a set of tertiary I/O scheduling algorithms each of which employs different heuristic for scheduling, reducing the latency involved in tertiary I/O for retrieving LOBs. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated through the detailed simulation experiments.
Vision system for on-line surface inspection in aluminum casting process (2002)

In this paper an automated visual inspection system is described within a general architecture for the online detection and analysis of surface defects in the production of continuous flat metallic products. Real-time performance requirements result in the development of a high-parallel architecture for high-speed image processing. Matrix cameras are used for image acquisition instead of linear ones because of the surface appearance. Inspection is achieved with 1 mm/sup 2/ resolution. Similarity-based algorithms as well as texture algorithms have been developed and hardware-implemented for defect detection in a high-textured surface where, for the most of defects, segmentation can not be achieved by only means of threshold techniques. The system has been applied to continuous cast aluminum inspection, where up to fifteen different kinds of defects must be detected and classified. Online defect classification is attempted by means of the formal language theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Primality testing and Jacobi sums (1984)

We present a theoretically and algorithmically simplified version of a primality testing algorithm that was recently invented by Adleman and Rumely. The new algorithm performs well in practice. It is the first primality test in existence that can routinely handle numbers of hundreds of decimal digits.
Fatty acid changes in liver choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in aspirin-treated rats fed linoleate, gamma-linolenate and fish oil. (1989)

The effects of dietary linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and marine fatty acids on the development of aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage and the distribution of liver glycerophospholipid fatty acids in fat-deficient growing rats were studied. Aspirin (100 mg/day)-treated and nontreated rats were fed for 7 days, a mixed diet of 2.5% safflower oil and 7.5% hydrogenated coconut oil (SFO/HCO) or 7.5% fish oil (SFO/FO), or 2.5% gamma-linolenate concentrate and 7.5% fish oil (GLA/FO). Gastric hemorrhage was induced in animals by aspirin treatment to various extents. It was not affected by FO feeding, but was significantly alleviated by GLA feeding. Aspirin treatment reduced the proportions of 20:4n-6 in liver phosphatidylcholine. FO feeding (in SFO/FO and GLA/FO rats) further reduced the 20:4n-6 level and replaced it by n-3 fatty acids. GLA feeding, on the other hand, elevated the proportion of 20:4n-6. As a result, the reduction of 20:4n-6 by fish oil feeding, was less significant in GLA/FO rats than in SFO/FO rats. The degree of gastric hemorrhage appeared to relate negatively to the levels of 20:4n-6 in liver phosphatidylcholine, and to the sum of 20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3 when FO was included in the diet. It is suggested that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3) per se in addition to being precursors of prostaglandins, may also affect the development of gastric hemorrhage, possibly by modulating the permeability of cell membranes in the gastric mucosa.
Complications in Aesthetic Malar Augmentation (1983)

The complications of malar augmentation with prosthetic materials are few. The majority are related to incorrect choice of prosthesis size or position. No complications of tissue damage have occurred, but the two instances representing delayed infection may have been a result of seeding of the capsular space from the structures in the oral cavity abetted by what appeared in one case to be the remnant of an old hematoma. Preventable complications include the use of posterior Dacron fixation for gel prostheses, since the elongated or extended malar prosthesis may not resist the forces of capsular contracture in all instances. Patient acceptance has been extremely high in 35 cases, and removal has been requested in only one instance, reflecting the value of preoperative counseling with diagrams, photographs, and drawings.
Mechanical Devices for Mass Distribution Adjustment: Are They Really Convenient? (2020)

Since the introduction of four-wheel drive (4WD) and especially front wheel assist (FWA), many studies have been conducted on the optimal weight distribution between tractor front and rear axles because this influences traction efficiency. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the traction and efficiency advantages in the adoption of mechanical ballast position adjustment devices. The tested device is an extendable ballast holder mounted on the front three-point hitch of the tractor, able to displace the ballast up to 1 m away from its original position. An estimation of the fuel consumption during ploughing with the extendable ballast holder in different configurations was performed. Tractive performance was evaluated through drawbar tests, performed on loam soil with a 4WD tractor having a maximum engine power of 191 kW and a ballasted mass of 9590 kg. Results show that changing the tractor weight distribution over the range allowed by the extendable ballast holder produces limited effects in terms of tractive performance and fuel saving. The adoption of such devices is thus ineffective if other fundamental factors such as tyre pressure, choice of the front-to-rear wheel combination and lead of the front wheels are not considered during tractor setup.
Disulfide-Mediated Reversible Polymerization toward Intrinsically Dynamic Smart Materials (2022)

The development of a dynamic chemistry toolbox to endow materials dynamic behavior has been key to the rational design of future smart materials. The rise of supramolecular and dynamic covalent chemistry offers many approaches to the construction of dynamic polymers and materials that can adapt, respond, repair, and recycle. Within this toolbox, the building blocks based on 1,2-dithiolanes have become an important scaffold, featuring their reversible polymerization mediated by dynamic covalent disulfide bonds, which enables a unique class of dynamic materials at the intersection of supramolecular polymers and adaptable covalent networks. This Perspective aims to explore the dynamic chemistry of 1,2-dithiolanes as a versatile structural unit for the design of smart materials by summarizing the state of the art as well as providing an overview of the fundamental challenges involved in this research area and its potential future directions.
The design of combined high power line type solid-state modulator (2002)

This paper presents the design of a combined high power line type solid-state modulator for a radar transmitter, and describes the applications of series SCR, the selection of solid-state modulating switch device, and the design of switch module in great detail. Finally, the performance specifications for the combined line type solid-state modulator and the transmitter using this modulator are given, and a qualitative analysis is performed for the MTBF of this kind of modulator.
Chromophore-enhanced bacterial photothermolysis (1999)

The use of chromophore dyes to enhance the bactericidal effect of laser energy was studied as a means to optimize laser treatment for the decontamination of wound. Using an in vitro study, various concentrations of indocyanine green (ICG), carbon black, and fluorescein were mixed with a suspension of bacteria and plated on tryptic soy agar. Plates were exposed to a laser beam of 10-15 watts for times ranging from 0 to 180 seconds, incubated overnight, and colony counts were performed. Bacteria not mixed with chromophore were used as controls. Six bacterial strains encompassing a range of bacterial types were used: Staphylococcus aureau, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus spore suspensions, and Clostridium perfringens. Laser treatment alone had no effect on any of the bacteria. Significant killing of gram-positive bacteria, including spores of Bacillus cereus, was observed only with the use of ICG and diode laser energy. No effect was observed using any of the chromophores on the gram-negative bacteria. The results of this study indicate that successful killing of gram-positive bacteria can be achieved using ICG combined with appropriate laser energy and wavelength. Efforts to enhance the susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to photothermolysis by laser energy were unsuccessful.
Classical and Slow-Binding Inhibitors of Human Type II Arginase (2001)

Arginases catalyze the hydrolysis of L-arginine to yield L-ornithine and urea. Recent studies indicate that arginases, both the type I and type II isozymes, participate in the regulation of nitric oxide production by modulating the availability of arginine for nitric oxide synthase. Due to the reciprocal regulation between arginase and nitric oxide synthase, arginase inhibitors have therapeutic potential in treating nitric oxide-dependent smooth muscle disorders, such as erectile dysfunction. We demonstrate the competitive inhibition of the mitochondrial human type II arginase by N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine, the intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase, and its analogue N(omega)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, with K(i) values of 1.6 microM and 51 nM at pH 7.5, respectively. We also demonstrate the inhibition of human type II arginase by the boronic acid-based transition-state analogues 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) and S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC), which are known inhibitors of type I arginase. At pH 7.5, both ABH and BEC are classical, competitive inhibitors of human type II arginase with K(i) values of 0.25 and 0.31 microM, respectively. However, at pH 9.5, ABH and BEC are slow-binding inhibitors of the enzyme with K(i) values of 8.5 and 30 nM, respectively. The findings presented here indicate that the design of arginine analogues with uncharged, tetrahedral functional groups will lead to the development of more potent inhibitors of arginases at physiological pH.
On the throughput gain of device-to-device communications (2015)

In an uplink underlaid device-to-device (D2D) cellular network, this paper considers its two aspects of throughput improvement. The two-fold gain comprises the throughput increase by offloading downlink cellular traffic to D2D communications, duplexing gain, and the increase by reusing uplink resources of D2D transmissions, capacity gain. Both impacts are investigated by exploiting stochastic geometry. On the basis of the analysis, a throughput optimal D2D operation guideline is provided for different network congestion environments.
Cross-Layer Measurement for the Analysis of DVB-T System Performance (2008)

This paper deals with cross-layer measurements for the efficient analysis of Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) system performance. In particular, valuable relationships between some cross-layer DVB-T system parameters are investigated through measurements conducted at the physical and application layers. Specifically, channel power, error vector magnitude, and modulation error ratio are assessed at the physical layer, whereas objective video quality indices are estimated at the application layer. To this aim, a number of real-life experiments are executed through a purposely developed testbed that enlists a suitable DVB-T transmission platform and real-life receivers. The ultimate goal is to highlight the importance of cross-layer measurements in the analysis and troubleshooting of DVB-T system operation and to show how to deduce from such measurements practical information and hints to be profitably used in the design and setup of any DVB-T broadcasting system.
Experimental models for studying mucociliary clearance (1998)

Respiratory tract mucus is a viscoelastic gel, the rheological properties of which are determined mainly by its content of mucous glycoproteins and water. The rheology and quantity of mucus, in concert with ciliary factors, are the major determinants of mucociliary clearance. A wide range of animal models for studying the secretion and clearance of mucus are available. Ex vivo models, such as the frog palate or excised bovine trachea, provide direct, meaningful data regarding the clearability of mucus. Rodent models of chronic bronchitis, based on irritant gas or cigarette smoke exposure, show important features of the human condition in a relatively short time. The rheological characterization of mucus is made difficult by the small quantities obtainable, particularly from normal animals. Large animal models, such as the dog or sheep, although more expensive, offer many advantages, such as the ability to carry out long-term serial measurements, and to make integrated measurements of the clearance of mucus, ciliary function, epithelial ion transport, and the rheology of mucus in the same preparation.
Specific Heat of Superconducting Fine Particles of Tin. I. Fluctuations in Zero Magnetic Field (1977)

The electronic specific heat of fine particles of Sn with the average radius ranging 130–1100 Å has been measured over a temperature range of 0.4 T c –1.5 T c . As the particle size decreases, the peak of the specific heat due to the superconducting transition shifts towards lower temperature and becomes broader. This behavior is interpreted as the fluctuations in "zero-dimensional" superconductors. The temperature width of the critical region teaches 0.1 T c for the smallest particles. A method of normalization of the specific heat is proposed to describe the fluctuation specific heat around T c . By use of this method, the experimental data for different particle sizes can be normalized to a unified form.