gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment is Associated with Relatively Slow Cognitive Decline in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and AD + DLB (2009)

Dementia can be caused by different diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), or both (AD + DLB). University of Kentucky AD Center pathologically-diagnosed AD and AD + DLB cases were evaluated who had three or more longitudinal antemortem mental status examinations (n = 156). Patients with important concomitant pathology (n = 5) or patients that were profoundly demented at recruitment (intake MMSE < 20; n = 86) were excluded to strengthen our ability to test the association of specific clinical and pathological indices. Patients with pathologically-diagnosed AD + DLB (n = 25) lost cognitive capacity faster than patients with AD alone (n = 40). In both diseases, treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline.
A Novel Blood Test for the Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Despite a variety of testing approaches, it is often difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially at an early stage of the disease. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria as well as exclusion of other causes of dementia but a definitive diagnosis can only be made at autopsy. We have investigated the diagnostic value of a 96-gene expression array for detection of early AD. Gene expression analysis was performed on blood RNA from a cohort of 203 probable AD and 209 cognitively healthy age matched controls. A disease classification algorithm was developed on samples from 208 individuals (AD = 103; controls = 105) and was validated in two steps using an independent initial test set (n = 74; AD = 32; controls = 42) and another second test set (n = 130; AD = 68; controls = 62). In the initial analysis, diagnostic accuracy was 71.6 ± 10.3%, with sensitivity 71.9 ± 15.6% and specificity 71.4 ± 13.7%. Essentially the same level of agreement was achieved in the two independent test sets. High agreement (24/30; 80%) between algorithm prediction and subjects with available cerebrospinal fluid biomarker was found. Assuming a clinical accuracy of 80%, calculations indicate that the agreement with underlying true pathology is in the range 85%-90%. These findings suggest that the gene expression blood test can aid in the diagnosis of mild to moderate AD, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
An Ultra-Low Phase Noise and Highly Stable Optoelectronic Oscillator Utilizing IL-PLL (2015)

A new optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) combined with injection-locked (IL) and phase locked loop (PLL) is proposed in this letter. Comparing with a free running OEO, the IL-PLL OEO can suppress the side modes, reduce close-in phase noise, and improve the long-term stability. From the experiment demonstration, a highly stable 9.5-GHz microwave signal with the phase noises of -125 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset frequency and -143 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset frequency is obtained, and the side-mode suppression ratio is larger than 80 dB and the Allan deviations are 1.37 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> at an average time of 1 s and 1.22 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> at an average time of 1000 s.
Evidence of stem cells in the adult prostatic epithelium based upon responsiveness to mesenchymal inductors (1996)

Ductal tips approximately 300 μm in length from adult rat dorsal (DP), lateral type 1 (L1), and lateral type 2 (L2) prostates were combined with mesenchyme from the embryonic urogenital sinus (UGM), neonatal seminal vesicle (SVM), or neonatal bulbourethral gland (BUGM) and grafted underneath the renal capsule of syngeneic male hosts. Following 1 month of in vivo growth, all tissue recombinants formed large masses of prostatic ductal tissue, which represented massive growth of the original population of prostatic epithelial cells. Examination of secretory protein expression in these tissue recombinants indicated that each mesenchyme influenced secretory function in the adult prostatic epithelium in a characteristic way. SVM maintained expression of DP-1 and probasin in prostatic ducts of DP, L1, and L2, which normally express these proteins. BUGM induced expression of C3 in prostatic ducts of the DP, L1, and L2, which normally do not express C3. UGM induced the expression of DP-1, probasin, and C3 in prostatic ducts from all dorsal-lateral lobes. Mesenchymal induction of massive epithelial growth, new ductal branching morphogenesis, and change in prostatic lobe identity are indicative of the presence of stem cells in adult prostatic epithelium because high proliferative capacity, tissue regeneration, and pluripotency (change in functional differentiation) are hallmarks of stem cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Polycyclic<i>N</i>-Hetero Compounds; XXXIX: A Facile Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-Tetrahydro-[1]benzoxepino[4,5-<i>e</i>]imidazo[1,2-<i>c</i>]pyrimidines via Ring Closure of 4-(2-Hydroxyalkylamino)-5,6-dihydro-[1]benzoxepino[5,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (1991)

The first example of the unknown [1]benzoxepino[4,5-e]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine ring system is demonstrated as a new class of potent anit-platelet aggregation agents. That is, the 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-[1]benzoxepino[4,5-e]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidines 11a-c were prepared by ring closure of 4-(2-hydroxyalkylamino)-5,6-dihydro-[1]benzoxepino[5,4-d]pyrimidines 10a-c with phosphoryl chloride.
Factors affecting the variability of stray gas concentration and composition in groundwater (2012)

Identifying the source of stray gas in drinking water supplies principally relies on comparing the gas composition in affected water supplies with gas samples collected in shows while drilling, produced gases, casing head gases, pipeline gases, and other potential point sources. However, transport dynamics of free and dissolved gas migration in groundwater aquifers can modify both the concentration and the composition of point source stray gases flowing to aquifers and occurring in the groundwater environment. Accordingly, baseline and forensic investigations related to stray gas sources need to address the effects of mixing, dilution, and oxidation reactions in the context of regional and local hydrology. Understanding and interpreting such effects are best addressed by collecting and analyzing multiple samples from baseline groundwater investigations, potential point sources, and impacted water resources. Several case studies presented here illustrate examples of the natural variability in gas composition and concentration data evident when multiple samples are collected from produced gases, casing head gases, and baseline groundwater investigations. Results show that analyses of single samples from either potential contaminant point sources or groundwater and surface water resources may not always be sufficient to document site-specific baseline conditions. Results also demonstrate the need to consistently sample and analyze a variety of baseline groundwater and gas composition screening parameters. A multidisciplinary approach is the best practice for differentiating among the effects of fluid and gas mixing, dilution, and natural attenuation.
Fast Drug Delivery Systems: A Review (2010)

Drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sop histicated as pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemic al and biochemical parameters pertinent to their performance. Fast-dissolving drug-delivery sy stems (FDDS) were first developed in the late 1970s as an alternative to tablets, capsules, and s yrups for pediatric and geriatric patients who experience difficulties swallowing traditional oral solid dosage forms. Over the past three decades, fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have ga ined considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules du e to better patient compliance. FDTs are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. Products of FDT s technologies entered the market in the 1980s, have grown steadily in demand, and their pro duct pipelines are rapidly expanding. New FDDS technologies address many pharmaceutical and p atient needs, ranging from enhanced life-cycle management to convenient dosing for pedi atric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients with dysphasia. This has encouraged both academia and in dustry to generate new orally disintegrating formulations and technological appro aches in this field. Mouth dissolving films (MDFs) are another FDDS evolved over the past few y ears from the confection and oral care markets in the form of breath strips and became a n ovel and widely accepted form by consumers for delivering vitamins and personal care products. Companies with experience in the formulation of polymer coatings containing active p harmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for transdermal drug delivery capitalized on the opport unity to transition this technology to MDFs formats. Today, FDDS are a proven and accepted tech nology for the systemic delivery of APIs for over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
Use of an acid-labile surfactant as an SDS substitute for gel electrophoresis and proteomic analysis. (2002)

Modern protein identification and analysis relies largely on proteolytic in-gel digestion of proteins separated during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by mass spectrometric (MS) measurement of the extracted peptides. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is routinely used in nonnative PAGE. However, SDS can interfere with MS. We report the use of an acid-labile surfactant (ALS-I) in place of SDS. ALSI is a long chain derivative of 1,3-dioxolane sodium propyloxy sulfate and has similar denaturing and electrophoretic properties as SDS, but it decomposes at low pH and enhances MS detection of proteins.
Genome Sequence of the Vancomycin-Producing Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. <i>orientalis</i> Strain KCTC 9412 <sup>T</sup> (2013)

Amycolatopsis orientalis is the producer of vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used for the treatment of serious infections with Gram-positive bacteria. Here we present the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 9.06-Mb draft genome sequence of the type strain Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. orientalis KCTC 9412 (DSM 40040; ATCC 19795).
ChemInform Abstract: C60 and Liquid‐Crystal Mesophase. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Positive and negative regulation of transferred nif genes mediated by indigenous GlnR in Gram-positive Paenibacillus polymyxa (2018)

Ammonia is a major signal that regulates nitrogen fixation in most diazotrophs. Regulation of nitrogen fixation by ammonia in the Gram-negative diazotrophs is well-characterized. In these bacteria, this regulation occurs mainly at the level of nif (nitrogen fixation) gene transcription, which requires a nif-specific activator, NifA. Although Gram-positive and diazotrophic Paenibacilli have been extensively used as a bacterial fertilizer in agriculture, how nitrogen fixation is regulated in response to nitrogen availability in these bacteria remains unclear. An indigenous GlnR and GlnR/TnrA-binding sites in the promoter region of the nif cluster are conserved in these strains, indicating the role of GlnR as a regulator of nitrogen fixation. In this study, we for the first time reveal that GlnR of Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78 is essentially required for nif gene transcription under nitrogen limitation, whereas both GlnR and glutamine synthetase (GS) encoded by glnA within glnRA operon are required for repressing nif expression under excess nitrogen. Dimerization of GlnR is necessary for binding of GlnR to DNA. GlnR in P. polymyxa WLY78 exists in a mixture of dimers and monomers. The C-terminal region of GlnR monomer is an autoinhibitory domain that prevents GlnR from binding DNA. Two GlnR-biding sites flank the -35/-10 regions of the nif promoter of the nif operon (nifBHDKENXhesAnifV). The GlnR-binding site Ⅰ (located upstream of -35/-10 regions of the nif promoter) is specially required for activating nif transcription, while GlnR-binding siteⅡ (located downstream of -35/-10 regions of the nif promoter) is for repressing nif expression. Under nitrogen limitation, GlnR dimer binds to GlnR-binding siteⅠ in a weak and transient association way and then activates nif transcription. During excess nitrogen, glutamine binds to and feedback inhibits GS by forming the complex FBI-GS. The FBI-GS interacts with the C-terminal domain of GlnR and stabilizes the binding affinity of GlnR to GlnR-binding site Ⅱ and thus represses nif transcription.
Measurement of the optical dielectric function of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>MoS</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Mo</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>WS</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>WS</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2014)

We report a determination of the complex in-plane dielectric function of monolayers of four transition-metal dichalcogenides: $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{Mo}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, and $\mathrm{WS}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$, for photon energies from 1.5 to 3 eV. The results were obtained from reflection spectra using a Kramers-Kronig constrained variational analysis. From the dielectric functions, we obtain the absolute absorbance of the monolayers. We also provide a comparison of the dielectric function for the monolayers with the corresponding bulk materials.
A 5-mW 6-Gb/s Quarter-Rate Sampling Receiver with a 2-Tap DFE Using Soft Decisions (2006)

A low-power quarter-rate sampling 2-tap DFE is realized for short I/O links. An analog sampling and soft-decision technique is used instead of look-ahead architectures to relax the critical path, and thus saving the power from the redundant paths. No errors are observed with 231-1 PRBS at 6Gb/s, with 80-mV differential launch amplitude through a channel with 6.2-dB attenuation at 3GHz. The receiver draws 4.8mA from a 1.0-V supply
A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled, parallel‐group study of 5% sofpironium bromide (BBI‐4000) gel in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis (2021)

A phase 3 study was conducted to verify the efficacy and safety of 5% sofpironium bromide (BBI-4000) gel (hereinafter referred to as sofpironium) administrated for 6 weeks in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. The primary efficacy end-point was the proportion of patients who satisfied both criteria of a Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Score (HDSS) of 1 or 2 at the end of 6-week treatment and a 50% or more reduction in total gravimetric weight of sweat at the end of treatment relative to baseline. A total of 281 patients were randomized to receive 5% sofpironium (141 patients) or vehicle (140 patients), and all patients were included in the full analysis set (FAS). In the FAS, 70.1% of patients were female, and the median age was 35.0 years. The proportion of patients who achieved the primary efficacy end-point was 53.9% in the sofpironium group and 36.4% in the vehicle group, with a statistically significant difference of 17.5% (95% confidence interval, 6.02-28.93) between these two groups (P = 0.003). The incidence of adverse events was 44.0% in the sofpironium group and 30.7% in the vehicle group, and the incidence of adverse drug reactions was 16.3% in the sofpironium group and 5.0% in the vehicle group. Reported adverse events were generally mild or moderate in severity. In the sofpironium group, common events (incidence, ≥5%) were nasopharyngitis (14.2%) and dermatitis/erythema at the application site (8.5%/5.7%), with no serious adverse events reported. This study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of 5% sofpironium.
Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Cells—Inexpensive, High-Yield Optical Designs (1989)

We propose a new method for manufacturing and deploying amorphous silicon solar cells which is based on creating an effectively “bifacial” photovoltaic device by utilizing part of the glazing of a CPC-type nonimaging concentrator as active absorber. This solar collector could enhance the yearly energy delivery of amorphous silicon solar cells by about 100 percent if the cells are manufactured so as to exploit illumination on both cells sides.
A promising bioconjugate vaccine against hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (2019)

Hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (hv<i>Kp</i>) is globally disseminating as a community-acquired pathogen causing life-threatening infections in healthy individuals. The fact that a dose as little as 50 bacteria is lethal to mice illustrates the dramatic increase of virulence associated with hv<i>Kp</i> strains compared with classical <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (c<i>Kp</i>) strains, which require lethal doses greater than 10<sup>7</sup> bacteria. Until recently, these virulent strains were mostly antibiotic-susceptible. However, multidrug-resistant (MDR) hv<i>Kp</i> strains have been emerging, spawning a new generation of hypervirulent "superbugs." The mechanisms of hypervirulence are not fully defined, but overproduction of capsular polysaccharide significantly impedes host clearance, resulting in increased pathogenicity of hv<i>Kp</i> strains. While there are more than 80 serotypes of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, the K1 and K2 serotypes cause the vast majority of hypervirulent infections. Therefore, a glycoconjugate vaccine targeting these 2 serotypes could significantly reduce hv<i>Kp</i> infection. Conventionally, glycoconjugate vaccines are manufactured using intricate chemical methodologies to covalently attach purified polysaccharides to carrier proteins, which is widely considered to be technically challenging. Here we report on the recombinant production and analytical characterization of bioconjugate vaccines, enzymatically produced in glycoengineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells, against the 2 predominant hypervirulent <i>K. pneumoniae</i> serotypes, K1 and K2. The <i>K. pneumoniae</i> bioconjugates are immunogenic and efficacious, protecting mice against lethal infection from 2 hv<i>Kp</i> strains, NTUH K-2044 and ATCC 43816. This preclinical study constitutes a key step toward preventing further global dissemination of hypervirulent MDR hv<i>Kp</i> strains.
Binding of sperm to somatic cells via HLA-DR. Modulation by sulfated carbohydrates (1992)

We have shown previously that human sperm bind and enter leukocytes expressing surface HLA class II molecules. In the present study, mutant B lymphoblastoid cells and HLA-DR-transfected murine 3T3 fibroblasts are used to confirm that HLA class II molecules are somatic cell receptors for sperm. Further, for isolated HLA-DR expressed on murine cells, we show that sperm receptor activity requires the presence of sulfated carbohydrates. As carriers of multiple HLA-DR binding ligands, sperm may 1) mimic the target cell-activating effects of anti-DR antibody and 2) bind HIV through CD4-like or alternate receptors. By these or other mechanisms, sperm/somatic cell interactions in the female reproductive tract may affect fertility and potentiate the sexual transmission of AIDS.
Multi‐slice MRI with the dynamic multi‐coil technique (2015)

To date, spatial encoding for MRI is based on linear X, Y and Z field gradients generated by dedicated X, Y and Z wire patterns. We recently introduced the dynamic multi-coil technique (DYNAMITE) for the generation of magnetic field shapes for biomedical MR applications from a set of individually driven localized coils. The benefits for B0 magnetic field homogenization have been shown, as well as proof of principle of radial and algebraic MRI. In this study the potential of DYNAMITE MRI is explored further and the first multi-slice MRI implementation in which all gradient fields are purely DYNAMITE based is presented. The obtained image fidelity is shown to be virtually identical to that of a conventional MRI system with dedicated X, Y and Z gradient coils. Comparable image quality is a milestone towards the establishment of fully functional DYNAMITE MRI (and shim) systems.
Sedimentation classification of silver colloids for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSedimentation classification of silver colloids for surface-enhanced Raman scatteringRong Sheng. Sheng, Ling. Zhu, and Michael D. MorrisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 6, 1116–1119Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00297a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00297a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proteoliposome-based full-length ZnT8 self-antigen for type 1 diabetes diagnosis on a plasmonic platform (2017)

Identified as a major biomarker for type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis, zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) has shown promise for staging disease risk and disease diagnosis. However, existing assays for ZnT8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) are limited to detection by soluble domains of ZnT8, owing to difficulties in maintaining proper folding of a full-length ZnT8 protein outside its native membrane environment. Through a combined bioengineering and nanotechnology approach, we have developed a proteoliposome-based full-length ZnT8 self-antigen (full-length ZnT8 proteoliposomes; PLR-ZnT8) for efficient detection of ZnT8A on a plasmonic gold chip (pGOLD). The protective lipid matrix of proteoliposomes improved the proper folding and structural stability of full-length ZnT8, helping PLR-ZnT8 immobilized on pGOLD (PLR-ZnT8/pGOLD) achieve high-affinity capture of ZnT8A from T1D sera. Our PLR-ZnT8/pGOLD exhibited efficient ZnT8A detection for T1D diagnosis with ∼76% sensitivity and ∼97% specificity (<i>n</i> = 307), superior to assays based on detergent-solubilized full-length ZnT8 and the C-terminal domain of ZnT8. Multiplexed assays using pGOLD were also developed for simultaneous detection of ZnT8A, islet antigen 2 autoantibody, and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody for diagnosing T1D.
Wound healing effects of topical Vitamin K: A randomized controlled trial (2019)

A randomized, controlled trial suggests that topical application of Vitamin K significantly reduces healing time in patients.