gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long‐term microbiota and virome in a Zürich patient after fecal transplantation against <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (2016)

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging therapeutic option for Clostridium difficile infections that are refractory to conventional treatment. FMT introduces fecal microbes into the patient's intestine that prevent the recurrence of C. difficile, leading to rapid expansion of bacteria characteristic of healthy microbiota. However, the long-term effects of FMT remain largely unknown. The C. difficile patient described in this paper revealed protracted microbiota adaptation processes from 6 to 42 months post-FMT. Ultimately, bacterial communities were donor similar, suggesting sustainable stool engraftment. Since little is known about the consequences of transmitted viruses during C. difficile infection, we also interrogated virome changes. Our approach allowed identification of about 10 phage types per sample that represented larger viral communities, and phages were found to be equally abundant in the cured patient and donor. The healthy microbiota appears to be characterized by low phage abundance. Although viruses were likely transferred, the patient established a virome distinct from the donor. Surprisingly, the patient had sequences of algal giant viruses (chloroviruses) that have not previously been reported for the human gut. Chloroviruses have not been associated with intestinal disease, but their presence in the oropharynx may influence cognitive abilities. The findings suggest that the virome is an important indicator of health or disease. A better understanding of the role of viruses in the gut ecosystem may uncover novel microbiota-modulating therapeutic strategies.
Underwater 3-D Scene Reconstruction Using Kinect v2 Based on Physical Models for Refraction and Time of Flight Correction (2017)

Commercial RGB-D cameras provide the possibility of fast, accurate, and cost-effective 3-D scanning solution in a single package. These economical depth cameras provide several advantages over conventional depth sensors, such as sonars and lidars, in specific usage scenarios. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Kinect v2 time-of-flight camera while operating fully submerged underwater in a customized waterproof housing. Camera calibration has been performed for Kinect's RGB and NIR cameras, and the effect of calibration on the generated 3-D mesh is discussed in detail. To overcome the effect of refraction of light due to the sensor housing and water, we propose a time-of-flight correction method and a fast, accurate and intuitive refraction correction method that can be applied to the acquired depth images, during 3-D mesh generation. Experimental results show that the Kinect v2 can acquire point cloud data up to 650 mm. The reconstruction results have been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and confirm that the 3-D reconstruction of submerged objects at small distances is possible without the requirement of any external NIR light source. The proposed algorithms successfully generated 3-D mesh with a mean error of ±6 mm at a frame rate of nearly 10 fps. We acquired a large data set of RGB, IR and depth data from a submerged Kinect v2. The data set covers a large variety of objects scanned underwater and is publicly available for further use, along with the Kinect waterproof housing design and correction filter codes. The research is aimed toward small-scale research activities and economical solution for 3-D scanning underwater. Applications such as coral reef mapping and underwater SLAM in shallow waters for ROV's can be a viable application area that can benefit from results achieved.
Dynamic Background Learning through Deep Auto-encoder Networks (2014)

Background learning is a pre-processing of motion detection which is a basis step of video analysis. For the static background, many previous works have already achieved good performance. However, the results on learning dynamic background are still much to be improved. To address this challenge, in this paper, a novel and practical method is proposed based on deep auto-encoder networks. Firstly, dynamic background images are extracted through a deep auto-encoder network (called Background Extraction Network) from video frames containing motion objects. Then, a dynamic background model is learned by another deep auto-encoder network (called Background Learning Network) using the extracted background images as the input. To be more flexible, our background model can be updated on-line to absorb more training samples. Our main contributions are 1) a cascade of two deep auto-encoder networks which can deal with the separation of dynamic background and foregrounds very efficiently; 2) a method of online learning is adopted to accelerate the training of Background Extraction Network. Compared with previous algorithms, our approach obtains the best performance over six benchmark data sets. Especially, the experiments show that our algorithm can handle large variation background very well.
Great Expectations - Migration and Labour Market Outcomes in Australia (2006)

This paper uses HILDA data to examine whether migration reduces local unemployment differentials by helping the unemployed find employment or whether it merely shuffles the unemployed between regions? The paper also considers whether employed residents experience better outcomes in their destination region, or whether labour supply shifts and increased job competition quickly erode the gains to be had? The paper shows that migration per se does little to address unemployment through improved job matching, particularly amongst the severely disadvantaged. Migration also reduced the the outcomes for those previously in employment suggesting some bumping down is occurring in job-rationed labour markets.
Cracking of low density polyethylene dissolved in benzene to liquid fuels using zeolite-based catalysts (2016)

Researchers proposed numerous solutions to plastic pollution, with the hope to tackle the intractable problems brought by plastic especially to mankind and environment. One of the proposed methods of solving the problem is the conversion of plastic waste to chemicals and fuels through pyrolysis and cracking. However, previous studies focused on polymer cracking in a batch process, which resulted in the wide distribution of the products. Thus, there is a need to develop polymer cracking process in continuous mode and improve the product quality by using a suitable catalyst. The aim of this research is to investigate on catalytic cracking of low density polyethylene (LDPE) in a fixed bed reactor into liquid fuel. LDPE was dissolved in different solvents with similar solubility parameter and the most suitable solvent was selected. The catalytic cracking was then carried out on the LDPE solution using a fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. Parent zeolites and nickel-impregnated zeolites were screened as catalysts for the cracking of LDPE. The change in product composition at different reaction conditions was also studied, and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed. This was followed by parametric study of the process involving five factors, namely temperature (A), catalyst mass (B), feed flow rate (C), N2 flow rate (D), as well as concentration of LDPE solution (E), and the two responses were LDPE conversion (Y1) and liquid yield (Y2). Two level full factorial design was used to evaluate the factors. It was found that benzene is the most suitable solvent for LDPE dissolution. Catalytic cracking of the LDPE solution produced C1-C8 hydrocarbons in all runs. During the catalyst screening, zeolite Z2 (ZSM-5 zeolite, Si/Al: 1000) was found to be the most promising catalyst, as it was able to obtain high LDPE conversion (99.93%), high liquid yield (92.28%) and low coke formation (0.02%). The parametric analysis showed that four out of five factors (A, B, C and D) produced significant effects on Y1 and Y2. On the other hand, factor E was statistically insignificant on the responses. Analysis on products composition showed that cracking of LDPE over zeolite Z2 produced a high amount of aliphatic branched-chain compounds, together with the moderate amount of cyclic compounds (C7-C12). The reaction conditions also led to alkylation of benzene by the cracking products from LDPE. It is suggested that the catalytic cracking of LDPE is dominated by free radical mechanism, while the influence of carbenium ion mechanism is less pronounced due to low acidity of the catalyst. Hence, it is concluded that catalytic cracking of dissolved LDPE in fixed bed reactor with zeolite Z2 is able to convert LDPE into liquid fuel in gasoline range and has the potential to tackle the plastic pollution.
Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue (2014)

Epilepsy, affecting about 1% of the population, comprises a group of neurological disorders characterized by the periodic occurrence of seizures, which disrupt normal brain function. Despite treatment with currently available antiepileptic drugs targeting neuronal functions, one third of patients with epilepsy are pharmacoresistant. In this condition, surgical resection of the brain area generating seizures remains the only alternative treatment. Studying human epileptic tissues has contributed to understand new epileptogenic mechanisms during the last 10 years. Indeed, these tissues generate spontaneous interictal epileptic discharges as well as pharmacologically-induced ictal events which can be recorded with classical electrophysiology techniques. Remarkably, multi-electrode arrays (MEAs), which are microfabricated devices embedding an array of spatially arranged microelectrodes, provide the unique opportunity to simultaneously stimulate and record field potentials, as well as action potentials of multiple neurons from different areas of the tissue. Thus MEAs recordings offer an excellent approach to study the spatio-temporal patterns of spontaneous interictal and evoked seizure-like events and the mechanisms underlying seizure onset and propagation. Here we describe how to prepare human cortical slices from surgically resected tissue and to record with MEAs interictal and ictal-like events ex vivo.
Emotional warfare? Track two diplomacy and the emotionalisation of the Cold War (2021)

This article discusses a series of US citizen exchanges to the USSR that were termed track two, or citizen, diplomacy. The track two model was meant to address the freeze in high-level diplomatic engagements at a time of heightening tensions between rivals. Intriguingly, track two diplomacy was explicitly emotionalised – that is, linked to a psychologically informed approach to conflict resolution and contact. I focus on two sets of diplomatic delegations – those co-organised by the Esalen Institute and the Association for Humanistic Psychology, as well as grassroots citizen exchanges. Of particular interest is the famous visit by Carl Rogers to the USSR in 1986 where he held a set of workshops that were part of the AHP Soviet Exchange Project. I show the various central roles that discourses on emotions (psychological theories), emotional discourses (the expression of emotions) and emotion-evocation played in these US endeavours. What is particularly interesting to see is how, as the Cold War began to wane, the United States’ emotionalised exchanges became more unidirectional and interventionist in nature. I term this form of emotionalisation ‘emotional warfare’ and conclude that, as pedagogies, techniques and informal contacts, they should be read not only through the prism of friendly exchange, but also through those of geopolitical agonism, as well as the neoliberalisation of both empires in the post-Cold War period. In focusing on these exchanges in the 1980s, the article also makes a contribution to contemporary studies of emotion culture in the post-Soviet context by describing some of the prehistory of Russia’s ‘psychological turn’.
Bank Loans to South Africa: The Case Against ‘Business as Usual’ (1977)

For the last ten years the issue of U.S. bank loans to South Africa has been a clear focus for many U.S. church bodies. Documents provided for the record of this hearing include resolutions from the late 1960s from the Conventions, Synods, and Assemblies of several major Protestant denominations. These resolutions clearly call for an end to U.S. financial support to the land of apartheid. The vigorous campaign of the 1960s for an end to bank loans to South Africa resulted in a victory when a $40 million floating credit by ten U.S. banks was not renewed. Dozens of discussions were held with bank officials and millions of dollars in accounts were withdrawn in protest in that campaign.
Novel formulations of high‐performance epoxy–amine networks based on the use of nanoscale phase‐separated antiplasticizers (2001)

Abstract The addition of an antiplasticizing agent in epoxy–amine resin formulations was revisited. The choice, as the antiplasticizer, of a chemical species which is fully miscible with the mixture of monomers but gives rise to nanoscale phase separation along the network construction was shown to be greatly favorable. Small domains, enriched in additive molecules, segregate in the polymer matrix, which is itself plasticized by residual additive molecules. Use of the additives did not change markedly the cure cycle and the total extent of reaction after full cure. The main effects of this special morphology on network properties were the depression of the glass transition temperature, T g , of the matrix and the appearance of some damping (so‐called μ‐relaxation) in the temperature range intermediate between the secondary relaxation and the main mechanical relaxation. Networks prepared in this way were shown (1) to save a sufficiently high value of T g in the view of the applications, (2) to present a higher modulus and higher toughness around room temperature than those of the conventional systems without an additive, and (3) to exhibit a lower water uptake at equilibrium than that of their regular homolog. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 759–774, 2001
Unilateral Axillary Lymphadenopathy After Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Vaccination (2021)

Unilateral Axillary Lymphadenopathy After Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) VaccinationMichaela Cellina, MD1, Giovanni Irmici, MD2, and Gianpaolo Carrafiello, MD3Audio Available | Share
Listen-and-Talk: Protocol Design and Analysis for Full-duplex Cognitive Radio Networks (2016)

In traditional cognitive radio networks, secondary users (SUs) typically access the spectrum of primary users (PUs) by a two-stage "listen-before-talk" (LBT) protocol, i.e., SUs sense the spectrum holes in the first stage before transmitting in the second. However, there exist two major problems: 1) transmission time reduction due to sensing, and 2) sensing accuracy impairment due to data transmission. In this paper, we propose a "listen-and-talk" (LAT) protocol with the help of full-duplex (FD) technique that allows SUs to simultaneously sense and access the vacant spectrum. Spectrum utilization performance is carefully analyzed, with the closed-form spectrum waste ratio and collision ratio with the PU provided. Also, regarding the secondary throughput, we report the existence of a tradeoff between the secondary transmit power and throughput. Based on the power-throughput tradeoff, we derive the analytical local optimal transmit power for SUs to achieve both high throughput and satisfying sensing accuracy. Numerical results are given to verify the proposed protocol and the theoretical results.
What Psychological Testing and Neuroimaging Tell Us about the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (1999)

To better understand the pathophysiology and treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), standard psychological testing, Rorschach Ink Blot testing, and neuroimaging using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) were administered to subjects with PTSD prior to and following three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Using this within-subject design, data from one of six subjects in our series is presented as a case report. Following EMDR, the subject experienced improvement in his level of distress, which correlated with decrements in PTSD and depressive symptomatology on psychological testing. Analysis of the Rorschach data corroborated these changes. Among other findings, the Hypervigilance Index went from positive to negative, indicating that the subject was spending less time scanning the environment for threats, and available ego resources also increased, as measured by the Experience Actual variable. Upon recall of the traumatic memory during SPECT scanning, two areas of the brain were hyperactive post-EMDR treatment relative to pretreatment: the anterior cingulate gyrus and the left frontal lobe. These changes were consistent with summed data from four out of six subjects in the ongoing study. An important implication of these findings is that successful treatment of PTSD does not reduce arousal at the limbic level, but instead, enhances the ability to differentiate real from imagined threat. The psychology and neurophysiology of PTSD are discussed in greater detail.
Genome of ‘Charleston Gray’, the principal American watermelon cultivar, and genetic characterization of 1,365 accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System watermelon collection (2019)

Years of selection for desirable fruit quality traits in dessert watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) has resulted in a narrow genetic base in modern cultivars. Development of novel genomic and genetic resources offers great potential to expand genetic diversity and improve important traits in watermelon. Here, we report a high-quality genome sequence of watermelon cultivar 'Charleston Gray', a principal American dessert watermelon, to complement the existing reference genome from '97103', an East Asian cultivar. Comparative analyses between genomes of 'Charleston Gray' and '97103' revealed genomic variants that may underlie phenotypic differences between the two cultivars. We then genotyped 1365 watermelon plant introduction (PI) lines maintained at the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). These PI lines were collected throughout the world and belong to three Citrullus species, C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus and C. amarus. Approximately 25 000 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were derived from the GBS data using the 'Charleston Gray' genome as the reference. Population genomic analyses using these SNPs discovered a close relationship between C. lanatus and C. mucosospermus and identified four major groups in these two species correlated to their geographic locations. Citrullus amarus was found to have a distinct genetic makeup compared to C. lanatus and C. mucosospermus. The SNPs also enabled identification of genomic regions associated with important fruit quality and disease resistance traits through genome-wide association studies. The high-quality 'Charleston Gray' genome and the genotyping data of this large collection of watermelon accessions provide valuable resources for facilitating watermelon research, breeding and improvement.
Design and Analysis of a Low-Profile and Broadband Microstrip Monopolar Patch Antenna (2012)

A new microstrip monopolar patch antenna is proposed and analyzed. The antenna has a wide bandwidth and a monopole like radiation pattern. Such antenna is constructed on a circular patch antenna that is shorted concentrically with a set of conductive vias. The antenna is analyzed using a cavity model. The cavity model analysis not only distinguishes each resonating mode and gives a physical insight into each mode of the antenna, but also provides a guideline to design a broadband monopolar patch antenna that utilizes two modes (TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> and TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">02</sub> modes). Both modes provide a monopole like radiation pattern. The proposed antenna has a simple structure with a low profile of 0.024 wavelengths, and yields a wide impedance bandwidth of 18% and a maximum gain of 6 dBi.
The Origin of Slow Carrier Transport in BiVO<sub>4</sub> Thin Film Photoanodes: A Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity Study (2013)

We unravel for the first time the origin of the poor carrier transport properties of BiVO4, a promising metal oxide photoanode for solar water splitting. Time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements reveal an (extrapolated) carrier mobility of ∼4 × 10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1 for undoped BiVO4 under ∼1 sun illumination conditions, which is unusually low for a photoanode material. The poor carrier mobility is compensated by an unexpectedly long carrier lifetime of 40 ns. This translates to a relatively long diffusion length of 70 nm, consistent with the high quantum efficiencies reported for BiVO4 photoanodes. Tungsten (W) doping is found to strongly decrease the carrier mobility by introducing intermediate-depth donor defects as carrier traps. At the same time, the increased carrier density improves the overall photoresponse, which confirms that bulk electronic conductivity is one of the main performance bottlenecks for BiVO4.
Eigenvector-based clustering using aggregated similarity matrices (2010)

Clustering of high dimensional data is often performed by applying Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on the original data space and building clusters from the derived eigenvectors. Often no single eigenvector separates the clusters. We propose a method that combines the self-similarity matrices of the eigenvector in such a way that the concepts are well separated. We compare it with a K-Means approach on public domain data sets and discuss when and why our method outperforms the K-Means on SVD method.
Co‐ordinated regulation of gluconate catabolism and glucose uptake in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> by two functionally equivalent transcriptional regulators, GntR1 and GntR2 (2007)

Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive soil bacterium that prefers the simultaneous catabolism of different carbon sources rather than their sequential utilization. This type of metabolism requires an adaptation of the utilization rates to the overall metabolic capacity. Here we show how two functionally redundant GntR-type transcriptional regulators, designated GntR1 and GntR2, co-ordinately regulate gluconate catabolism and glucose uptake. GntR1 and GntR2 strongly repress the genes encoding gluconate permease (gntP), gluconate kinase (gntK), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (gnd) and weakly the pentose phosphate pathway genes organized in the tkt-tal-zwf-opcA-devB cluster. In contrast, ptsG encoding the EII(Glc) permease of the glucose phosphotransferase system (PTS) is activated by GntR1 and GntR2. Gluconate and glucono-delta-lactone interfere with binding of GntR1 and GntR2 to their target promoters, leading to a derepression of the genes involved in gluconate catabolism and reduced ptsG expression. To our knowledge, this is the first example for gluconate-dependent transcriptional control of PTS genes. A mutant lacking both gntR1 and gntR2 shows a 60% lower glucose uptake rate and growth rate than the wild type when cultivated on glucose as sole carbon source. This growth defect can be complemented by plasmid-encoded GntR1 or GntR2.
Gas-Lift Valve Performance Testing and Data Correlation (1993)

Summary This paper presents a method for analyzing data from gas-lift valve performance tests. This method relies on the ability to determine the true dynamic stem position of the valve during flowing conditions. The types of tests required to obtain the data needed by this analysis method are explained. The data analysis method is applicable to any pressure-operated gas-lift valve and yields predictions within 10% of actual flow rate.