gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Energy Scaling of Compton Scattering Light Sources (2005)

Summary form only given. No monochromatic (Deltaomega/omega), high-brightness [>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> photons/(mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> timesmrad <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> timesstimes0.1% bandwidth)], tunable light sources currently exist above 100 keV. Important applications that would benefit from such new hard X-ray and g-ray sources include: nuclear resonance fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved positron annihilation spectroscopy, and MeV flash radiography. In this paper, the peak brightness of Compton scattering light sources is derived for head-on collisions and found to scale inversely with the electron beam duration, Deltatau, and the square of its physical emittance, epsiv/gamma, and linearly with the bunch charge and the number of photons in the laser pulse. This gamma <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> -scaling shows that for low emittance electron beams (1 nC, 1 mmmiddotmrad, <1 ps, >100 MeV), and tabletop laser systems (1-10 J, 5 ps) the X-ray peak brightness can exceed 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">23</sup> photons/(mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> timesmrad <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> timesstimes0.1% bandwidth) near 1 MeV; this is confirmed by three-dimensional codes that have been benchmarked against Compton scattering experiments performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The interaction geometry under consideration is head-on collisions, where the X-ray flash duration is shown to be equal to that of the electron bunch, and which produce the highest peak brightness for compressed electron beams. Important nonlinear effects, including spectral broadening, are also taken into account in our analysis; they show that there is an optimum laser pulse duration in this geometry, of the order of a few picoseconds, in sharp contrast with the initial approach to laser-driven Compton scattering sources where femtosecond laser systems were thought to be mandatory. The analytical expression for the peak on-axis brightness derived here is a powerful tool to efficiently explore the 12-dimensional parameter space corresponding to the phase spaces of both the electron and incident laser beams and to determine optimum conditions for producing high brightness X-rays
Biodegradable, non-bactericidal oxygen-functionalised imidazolium esters: A step towards ‘greener’ ionic liquids (2009)

A series of imidazolium ionic liquids was prepared and screened against 7 bacterial strains. The incorporation of ether groups into the ester side-chain significantly reduced the toxicity compared with alkyl ester derivatives. Biodegradation data are also presented for 15 of the ionic liquids—including 6 examples which can be classed as readily biodegradable.
Identification of a fibronectin‐binding domain within the <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> CadF protein (2005)

The binding of Campylobacter jejuni to fibronectin (Fn), a component of the extracellular matrix, is mediated by a 37 kDa outer membrane protein termed CadF for Campylobacter adhesion to Fn. Previous studies have indicated that C. jejuni binds to Fn on the basolateral surface of T84 human colonic cells. To further characterize the interaction of the CadF protein with Fn, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to identify the Fn-binding domain (Fn-BD). Using overlapping 30-mer and 16-mer peptides derived from translated cadF nucleotide sequence, maximal Fn-binding activity was localized to four amino acids (AA 134-137) consisting of the residues phenylalanine-arginine-leucine-serine (FRLS). A mouse alpha-CadF peptide polyclonal antibody (M alpha-CadF peptide pAb) was generated using FRLS containing peptides and found to react with viable C. jejuni as judged by indirect fluorescent microscopy, suggesting that the FRLS residues are surface-exposed. Binding of CadF to purified Fn and INT 407 human epithelial cells was significantly inhibited with peptides containing the Fn-BD. Moreover, a CadF recombinant variant protein, in which the Phe-Arg-Leu residues (CadF AA 134-136) were altered to Ala-Ala-Gly, exhibited a 91% decrease in Fn-binding activity as compared with the wild-type CadF protein. Collectively, these data indicate that the FRLS residues (CadF AA 134-137) of the C. jejuni CadF protein possess Fn-binding activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonists: Recent Developments (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Confidence Identification of Cross-Linked Peptides by an Enrichment-Based Dual Cleavable Cross-Linking Technology and Data Analysis tool Cleave-XL (2020)

Cleavable cross-linking technology requires further MS/MS of the cleavable fragments for unambiguous identification of cross-linked peptides. These spectra are sometimes very ambiguous due to the sensitivity and complex fragmentation pattern of the peptides with the cross-linked residues. We recently reported a dual cleavable cross-linking technology (DUCCT), which can enhance the confidence in the identification of cross-linked peptides. The heart of this strategy is a novel dual mass spectrometry cleavable cross linker that can be cleaved preferentially by two differential tandem mass spectrometry methods, collision induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation (CID and ETD). Different signature ions from two different mass spectra for the same cross-linked peptide helped identify the cross-linked peptides with high confidence. In this study, we developed an enrichment-based photocleavable DUCCT (PC-DUCCT-biotin), where cross-linked products were enriched from biological samples using affinity purification, and subsequently, two sequential tandem (CID and ETD) mass spectrometry processes were utilized. Furthermore, we developed a prototype software called Cleave-XL to analyze cross-linked products generated by DUCCT. Photocleavable DUCCT was demonstrated in standard peptides and proteins. Efficiency of the software tools to search and compare CID and ETD data of photocleavable DUCCT biotin in standard peptides and proteins as well as regular DUCCT in protein complexes from immune cells were tested. The software is efficient in pinpointing cross-linked sites using CID and ETD cross-linking data. We believe this new DUCCT and associated software tool Cleave-XL will advance high confidence identification of protein cross-linking sites and automated identification of low-resolution protein structures.
Data from Anti-miRNA Oligonucleotide Therapy for Chondrosarcoma (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Chondrosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary malignant bone tumor mostly occurring in adults. There are no effective systemic treatments, and patients with this disease have poor survival. miR-181a is an oncomiR that is overexpressed in high-grade chondrosarcoma and promotes tumor progression. Regulator of G-protein signaling 16 (RGS16) is a target of miR-181a. Inhibition of RGS16 expression by miR-181a enhances CXC chemokine receptor 4 signaling, which in turn increases MMP1 and VEGF expression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Here, we report the results of systemic treatment with anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMO) directed against miR-181a utilizing a nanopiece delivery platform (NPs). NPs were combined with a molecular beacon or anti–miR-181a oligonucleotides and are shown to transfect chondrosarcoma cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Intratumoral injection and systemic delivery had similar effects on miR-181a expression in nude mice bearing chondrosarcoma xenografts. Systemic delivery of NPs carrying anti–miR-181a also restored <i>RGS16</i> expression, decreased expression of VEGF and MMP1, MMP activity, and tumor volume by 32% at day 38, and prolonged survival from 23% to 45%. In conclusion, these data support that systemic delivery of AMO shows promise for chondrosarcoma treatment.</p></div>
Arabic Handwriting Synthesis (2011)

Training and testing data for optical character recognition are cumbersome to obtain. If large amounts of data can be produced from small amounts, much time and effort can be saved. This paper presents an approach to synthesize Arabic handwriting. We segment word images into labeled characters and then use these in synthesizing arbitrary words. The synthesized text should look natural; hence, we define some criteria to decide on what is acceptable as natural-looking. The text that is synthesized by using the natural-looking constrain is compared to text that is synthesized without using the natural-looking constrain for evaluation.
Large aperture electrooptical switch (1984)

A transparent plasma electrode formed in low pressure ionized gas acts as a conductive coating to allow the uniform charging of the optical faces of an electro-optic material. Experiments with large aperture Pockels cells up to 27 cm are now in progress.
Efficient Bioethanol Production by a Recombinant Flocculent <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strain with a Genome-Integrated NADP <sup>+</sup> -Dependent Xylitol Dehydrogenase Gene (2009)

The recombinant industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain MA-R5 was engineered to express NADP(+)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase using the flocculent yeast strain IR-2, which has high xylulose-fermenting ability, and both xylose consumption and ethanol production remarkably increased. Furthermore, the MA-R5 strain produced the highest ethanol yield (0.48 g/g) from nonsulfuric acid hydrolysate of wood chips.
Inhibition of phospholipase D by lysophosphatidylethanolamine, a lipid-derived senescence retardant (1997)

Phospholipid signaling mediated by lipid-derived second messengers or biologically active lipids is still new and is not well established in plants. We recently have found that lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), a naturally occurring lipid, retards senescence of leaves, flowers, and postharvest fruits. Phospholipase D (PLD) has been suggested as a key enzyme in mediating the degradation of membrane phospholipids during the early stages of plant senescence. Here we report that LPE inhibited the activity of partially purified cabbage PLD in a cell-free system in a highly specific manner. Inhibition of PLD by LPE was dose-dependent and increased with the length and unsaturation of the LPE acyl chain whereas individual molecular components of LPE such as ethanolamine and free fatty acid had no effect on PLD activity. Enzyme-kinetic analysis suggested noncompetitive inhibition of PLD by LPE. In comparison, the related lysophospholipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, and lysophosphotidylserine had no significant effect on PLD activity whereas PLD was stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid and inhibited by lysophosphatidylinositol. Membrane-associated and soluble PLD, extracted from cabbage and castor bean leaf tissues, also was inhibited by LPE. Consistent with acyl-specific inhibition of PLD by LPE, senescence of cranberry fruits as measured by ethylene production was more effectively inhibited according to the increasing acyl chain length and unsaturation of LPE. There are no known specific inhibitors of PLD in plants and animals. We demonstrate specific inhibitory regulation of PLD by a lysophospholipid.
Effects of antihistamine use on survival in breast cancer. (2018)

e12527 Background: Tumors maintain an inflammatory microenvironment, leading to a potential for anti-inflammatory medication in cancer therapy. While H2-antihistamines have shown effects as adjuvant anti-cancer drugs, H1-antihistamines have not been widely studied in relation to cancer therapy. Methods: We investigated the effects of six antihistamines on breast cancer-specific and overall mortality in a nation-wide register-based study of all 61,627 Swedish women with newly diagnosed breast cancer between July 1st 2005 and December 31st 2013. 14,711 women used at least one of the antihistamines. The effects of both peri- and post-diagnostic antihistamine use, as well as the use among different subgroups of patients with regard to age, stage and estrogen receptor status, were analyzed. Results: We found a consistently beneficial effect of desloratadine and loratadine use on breast cancer survival (with HRs ranging from 0.47-0.84 for desloratadine users relative to non-use), regardless of age, stage and estrogen receptor status, and a consistently negative effect on breast cancer survival of clemastine use. Conclusions: We suggest trials of high-dose and long-duration desloratadine and loratadine as adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Further studies on the effects of ebastine and possibly fexofenadine are merited, while neither cetirizine nor clemastine are viable candidates. We also suggest further studies of antihistamines, particularly desloratadine, as treatment options for other malignancies Breast cancer mortality All-cause mortality Antihistamine type HR** 2.5 % 97.5 % P Antihistamine type HR** 2.5 % 97.5 % P Cetirizine 0.97 0.83 1.13 0.671 Cetirizine 0.94 0.83 1.08 0.389 Clemastine 1.24 1.05 1.47 0.013 Clemastine 1.32 1.15 1.51 < 0.001 Desloratadine 0.79 0.63 0.99 0.044 Desloratadine 0.68 0.56 0.82 < 0.001 Ebastine 0.57 0.32 1.03 0.064 Ebastine 0.95 0.66 1.37 0.783 Fexofenadine 1.14 0.61 2.13 0.671 Fexofenadine 1.00 0.58 1.73 0.988 Loratadine 0.78 0.63 0.97 0.022 Loratadine 0.80 0.67 0.95 0.010 *Antihistamine use is defined as use within six months preceding and six months following diagnosis. Of the 61,627 women with breast cancer included in this study, 10,517 died in the study period. 6,668 deaths of breast cancer.
Passively mode-locked quantum dot diode lasers (2009)

Passively mode-locked quantum-dot diode lasers without saturable absorbers and artificial dispersion compensators are successfully developed on an InAs/InP material system. Their ultra-high repetition rates up to 100 GHz, pulse durations down to 300 fs, and multi-wavelength synchronization operation are also demonstrated.
Micro‐MR angiography of normal and intratumoral vessels in mice using dedicated intravascular MR contrast agents with high generation of polyamidoamine dendrimer core: Reference to pharmacokinetic properties of dendrimer‐based MR contrast agents (2001)

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of intravascular macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with polyamidoamine dendrimer cores smaller than generation-7 were previously studied in the literature. To evaluate the effects of greater hepatic uptake on the pharmacokinetics of the larger generation dendrimers, the MRI contrast agents GxD-(1B4M-Gd)(2(x+2)) were synthesized with generation-7, -8, and -9 polyamidoamine dendrimers and 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (1B4M). Their pharmacokinetic characteristics in mice were compared with that of G6D-(1B4M-Gd)(256). In biodistribution and dynamic micro-MRI studies, significantly less renal accumulation of G7D-(1B4M-Gd)(512), G8D-(1B4M-Gd)(1024), and G9D-(1B4M-Gd)(2048) was shown compared to G6D-(1B4M-Gd)(256) (P < 0.01). There was a significantly greater accumulation of G8D-(1B4M-Gd)(1024) and G9D-(1B4M-Gd)(2048) in the liver compared to G6D-(1B4M-Gd)(256) and G7D-(1B4M-Gd)(512) (P < 0.01). The highest blood retention of all dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents was exhibited by G7D-(1B4M-Gd)(512) (P < 0.01). The normal and intratumoral fine vessels of approximately 100 microm diameter were visualized in normal or tumor-bearing mice by high resolution three-dimensional-micro-MR angiographs with G7D-(1B4M-Gd)(512) and G8D-(1B4M-Gd)(1024) with good vessel-to-soft tissue contrast. In summary, increased accumulation in the liver with concomitant decreased uptake in the kidney was caused by increased molecular sizes of the dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents.
Optimization of multiple-isocenter treatment planning for linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (2000)

The proposed EDDE model is a useful and effective dose model in multiple-isocenter treatment planning for linac-based radiosurgery.
Systems for seed vigor assessment and seed classification (2000)

With continual advancement of computer
hardware, automation using computer imaging is increasingly
possible. Two such applications in seed biology are described and
discussed: automatic seed vigor assessment and seed classification.
In automatic seed vigor assessment, sampled seeds are grown, the
images of the seedlings captured, and the images analyzed by
software to assess the vigor of the seed lot. In seed
classi¬fication, a seed expert identifies certain classes of seeds
based on their characteristics. Then software performs the task of
learning the characteristic pattern for each class by examining
images of some sample seeds with their class labels and classifying
im¬ages of unseen seeds into correct classes. The vigor assessment
and seed classification systems have practical significance since
such systems free seed analysts from per¬forming labor intensive
tasks while enabling objective, automatic, and speedy quality
assessment.
Topological transformation approaches to optimizing TCAM-based packet classification systems (2009)

Several range reencoding schemes have been proposed to mitigate the effect of range expansion and the limitations of small capacity, large power consumption, and high heat generation of TCAM-based packet classification systems. However, they all disregard the semantics of classifiers and therefore miss significant opportunities for space compression. In this paper, we propose new approaches to range reencoding by taking into account classifier semantics. Fundamentally different from prior work, we view reencoding as a topological transformation process from one colored hyperrectangle to another where the color is the decision associated with a given packet. We present two orthogonal, yet composable, reencoding approaches, domain compression and prefix alignment. Our techniques significantly outperform all previous reencoding techniques. In comparison with the state-of-the-art results, our experimental results show that our techniques achieve at least 7 times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for an encoded classifier and at least 3 times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for a reencoded classifier and its transformers.
GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction MISFET's having 1-W/mm power density at 18.5 GHz (1986)

The previously reported GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction MISFET with an undoped AlGaAs layer as an insulator has been further optimized for power operation at upper Ku band. A 300-µm gate-width device generated 320 mW of output power with 33-percent efficiency at 18.5 GHz. The corresponding power density exceeds 1 W/mm. When optimized for efficiency, the device has achieved a power added efficiency of 43 percent at 19 GHz.
Engineering Targeted Bacteriophage as Evolvable Vectors for Therapeutic Gene Delivery (2002)

A fundamental challenge for gene therapy is the development of gene delivery vectors that target genes to the appropriate cells in the body for maximal therapeutic effect while minimizing vector toxicity. In this chapter we review strategies for adapting phage vectors for targeted gene delivery using both rational design and directed evolution.
Odd–Even Effect in the Optical Resolution by Optically Active Polyamides Having (−)-Anti Head-to-head Coumarin Dimer Component (1988)

Abstract Optically active polyamides were synthesized by ring-opening polyaddition reaction of (−)-anti head-to-head coumarin dimer with H2N–(CH2)n–NH2 (n=2–10). The polyamides show high optical resolution ability to racemates containing an aromatic group(s) when n is even number of 6 and over, while no resolution could be achieved when n is odd number.
Coupling a Dynamic Linear Model with Random Forest Regression to Estimate Engine Wear (2010)

    Mechanical systems wear or change over time. Data collected over a system’s life can be input to statistical learning models to predict this wear/change. A research effort at The Boeing Company has modeled gas turbine engine exhaust gas temperature (EGT) as a function of other recorded parameters. Our investigation chose gas turbines, but these techniques could also be used for other systems that slowly change (degrade) over time. Previous work trained a flexible empirical regression model at a fixed point of wear, and then applied it independently at time points over the life of an engine to predict wear. However, wear typically occurs slowly and smoothly. This paper describes the benefit of relating wear predictions over time using a dynamic linear model, which is an example of a state space method. The combined model predicts wear with dramatically reduced variability over both our previous effort and a baseline method. The benefit of reduced variability is that engine wear is more evident, and it is possible to detect operational anomalies more quickly. In addition to tracking wear, we also use the model as the basis for a Bayesian approach to monitor for sudden changes and reject outliers, and adapt the model after these events. Experiments compare methods and give some guidance in applying the methodology.
Measurement of aerosol-particle trajectories using a structured laser beam (2007)

What is believed to be a new concept for the measurement of micrometer-sized particle trajectories in an inlet air stream is introduced. The technique uses a light source and a mask to generate a spatial pattern of light within a volume in space. Particles traverse the illumination volume and elastically scatter light to a photodetector where the signal is recorded in time. The detected scattering waveform is decoded to find the particle trajectory. A design is presented for the structured laser beam, and the accuracy of the technique in determining particle position is demonstrated. It is also demonstrated that the structured laser beam can be used to measure and then correct for the spatially dependent instrument-response function of an optical-scattering-based particle-sizing system for aerosols.
Noise performance of statistical model based iterative reconstruction in clinical CT systems (2014)

The statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method has been introduced to clinical CT systems. Due to the nonlinearity of this method, the noise characteristics of MBIR are expected to differ from those of filtered backprojection (FBP). This paper reports an experimental characterization of the noise performance of MBIR equipped on several state-of-the-art clinical CT scanners at our institution. The thoracic section of an anthropomorphic phantom was scanned 50 times to generate image ensembles for noise analysis. Noise power spectra (NPS) and noise standard deviation maps were assessed locally at different anatomical locations. It was found that MBIR lead to significant reduction in noise magnitude and improvement in noise spatial uniformity when compared with FBP. Meanwhile, MBIR shifted the NPS of the reconstructed CT images towards lower frequencies along both the axial and the <i>z</i> frequency axes. This effect was confirmed by a relaxed slice thicknesstradeoff relationship shown in our experimental data. The unique noise characteristics of MBIR imply that extra effort must be made to optimize CT scanning parameters for MBIR to maximize its potential clinical benefits.