gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of endoscopic x-ray luminescence computed tomography: Simulation demonstration and phantom application (2013)

Even though endoscopic fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (eFDOT) exhibits significant potential, currently its application is limited due to the existence of strong autofluorescence and the imaging inaccuracy caused by a very short source-detector distance. Motivated by the emerging X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) technology, we presented an endoscopic XLCT (eXLCT) methodology. In the methodology, the aperture angle of the objective was incorporated into the forward model, providing a more accurate description of light propagation. Numerical simulation with a heterogeneous geometry and an imaging experiment with a physical phantom were illustrated to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented eXLCT methodology.
Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators (SPRMs) (2002)

Endometriosis, the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, is a progressive, estrogen-dependent disease and occurs nearly exclusively in menstruating women of reproductive age. Pain syndrome, however, represents the major clinical problem of this disease, manifested as dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, lower abdominal pain, and dyspareunia. The manifestation of the disease, that is, the pain syndrome, rather than the disease itself currently represents the major indication for both the medical and surgical therapies of endometriosis. The major drawbacks of current medical therapies of endometriosis are sometimes severe side effects. In this review, selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs, mesoprogestins) as a potential therapeutic concept in endometriosis are discussed. Due to endometrial selectivity and favorable pharmacological profile, SPRMs may have advantages over the current medical treatments of this disease. Other emerging therapeutic approaches for this disease are also mentioned.
The superoxide dismutase gene, a target for detection and identification of mycobacteria by PCR (1994)

The superoxide dismutase gene has been identified as a target in screening for the presence of mycobacteria on the genus level and differentiating relevant mycobacterial species from one another by PCR. Consensus primers deduced from known superoxide dismutase gene sequences allowed the amplification of DNAs from a variety of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Selected amplicons from Actinomyces viscosus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Mycobacterium avium, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. tuberculosis, M. xenopi, and Nocardia asteroides were subsequently cloned and sequenced. The alignment of those sequences facilitated the selection of primers targeting conserved regions present in myobacterial species but absent in nonmycobacterial species and thus allowed the genus-specific amplification of all 28 different mycobacterial species tested. A pool of genus-specific allowed the genus-specific amplification of all 28 different mycobacterial species tested. A pool of genus-specific probes recognized 23 of the 28 mycobacterial species and did not cross-react with any of the 96 nonmycobacterial species tested. In addition, probes recognizing species-specific variable regions within the superoxide dismutase genes of M. avium, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, the M. tuberculosis complex, and M. xenopi were identified. All probes recognized only the species from which they were derived and did not cross-react with any other mycobacterial species or with any of the nonmycobacterial species tested. We conclude that the superoxide dismutase gene is a suitable target for amplifying mycobacteria by PCR on the genus level, confirming correct amplification by genus-specific probes, and differentiating relevant species from one another by a set of species-specific probes.
Variable Eculizumab Clearance Requires Pharmacodynamic Monitoring to Optimize Therapy for Thrombotic Microangiopathy after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2015)

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) associated with terminal complement activation, as measured by elevated plasma terminal complement (sC5b-9) concentrations, has a very high mortality. The complement inhibitor eculizumab may be a therapeutic option for HSCT-associated TMA. We examined the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of eculizumab in children and young adult HSCT recipients with TMA and activated complement to determine drug dosing requirements for future efficacy trials. We analyzed prospectively collected laboratory samples and clinical data from 18 HSCT recipients with high-risk TMA presenting with complement activation who were treated with eculizumab. We measured eculizumab serum concentrations, total hemolytic complement activity, and plasma sC5b-9 concentrations. Population PK/PD analyses correlated eculizumab concentrations with complement blockade and clinical response and determined interindividual differences in PK parameters. We also compared transplant survival in patients treated with eculizumab (n = 18) with patients with the same high-risk TMA features who did not receive any targeted therapy during a separate prospective observational study (n = 11). In the PK analysis, we found significant interpatient variability in eculizumab clearance, ranging from 16 to 237 mL/hr/70 kg in the induction phase. The degree of complement activation measured by sC5b-9 concentrations at the start of therapy, in addition to actual body weight, was a significant determinant of eculizumab clearance and disease response. Sixty-one percent of treated patients had complete resolution of TMA and were able to safely discontinue eculizumab without disease recurrence. Overall survival was significantly higher in treated subjects compared with untreated patients (56% versus 9%, P = .003). Complement blocking therapy is associated with improved survival in HSCT patients with high-risk TMA who historically have dismal outcomes, but eculizumab pharmacokinetics in HSCT recipients differ significantly from reports in other diseases like atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Our eculizumab dosing algorithm, including pr-treatment plasma sC5b-9 concentrations, patient's actual body weight, and the first eculizumab dose (mg), accurately determined eculizumab concentration-time profiles for HSCT recipients with high-risk TMA. This algorithm may guide eculizumab treatment and ensure that future efficacy studies use the most clinically appropriate and cost-efficient dosing schedules.
The Triticum Mosaic Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site Relies on a Picornavirus-Like YX-AUG Motif To Designate the Preferred Translation Initiation Site and To Likely Target the 18S rRNA (2018)

Several viruses encode an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) at the 5' end of their RNA, which, unlike most cellular mRNAs, initiates translation in the absence of a 5' m7GpppG cap. Here, we report a uniquely regulated translation enhancer found in the 739-nucelotide (nt) sequence of the Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) leader sequence that distinguishes the preferred initiation site from a plethora of IRES-encoded AUG triplets. Through deletion mutations of the TriMV 5' untranslated region (UTR), we show that the TriMV 5' UTR encodes a <i>cis</i>-acting picornaviral Y<sub>16</sub>-X<sub>11</sub>-AUG-like motif with a 16-nt polypyrimidine CU-tract (Y<sub>16</sub>), at a precise, 11-nt distance (X<sub>11</sub>) from the preferred 13th AUG. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that this motif is conserved among potyviral leader sequences with multiple AUGs. Consistent with a broadly conserved mechanism, the motif could be functionally replaced with known picornavirus YX-AUG motifs and is predicted to function as target sites for the 18S rRNA by direct base pairing. Accordingly, mutations that disrupted overall complementarity to the 18S rRNA markedly reduced TriMV IRES activity, as did the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides designed to block YX-AUG accessibility. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant viral IRES YX-AUG motif, and our findings suggest that a conserved mechanism regulates translation for multiple economically important plant and animal positive single-stranded RNA viruses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Uncapped viral RNAs often rely on their 5' leader sequences to initiate translation, and the Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) devotes an astonishing 7% of its genome to directing ribosomes to the correct AUG. Here we uncover a novel mechanism by which a TriMV <i>cis</i>-regulatory element controls cap-independent translation. The upstream region of the functional AUG contains a 16-nt polypyrimidine tract located 11 nt from the initiation site. Based on functional redundancy with similar motifs derived from human picornaviruses, the motif is likely to operate by directing ribosome targeting through base pairing with 18S rRNA. Our results provide the first report of a broad-spectrum mechanism regulating translation initiation for both plant- and animal-hosted picornaviruses.
Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (1983)

The ability of three commercial semen diluents (Minnesota, I.M.V.-French and Universal) and the Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) to maintain the fertilizing capacity of turkey semen held 6 hr at 15 C was examined. Hens were inseminated weekly for 20 wk and hatchability of eggs was determined. Neither candling nor true fertility of semen diluted 1:1 in BPSE, the Minnesota, or I.M.V.-French diluent and held for 6 hr differed significantly from each other. Fertility of semen held 6 hr in BPSE or Universal diluent was lower than their respective unstored controls. No difference in fertility was observed between semen held in Minnesota or I.M.V.-French diluent and their unstored controls. Significantly higher hatch of fertile eggs and of all eggs set was obtained from hens inseminated with semen diluted (0 hr) with BPSE (90 and 86%) than all other diluents. Hatch of fertile eggs was higher from hens inseminated with semen held 6 hr in Universal (90%) and French (86%) extenders and lower for the Minnesota (78%) extender. No difference was observed in hatch of fertile eggs between the BPSE (84%) and French (86%) extender. Hatchability of all eggs set was higher when hens were inseminated with semen held 6 hr in the I.M.V.-French diluent (81%) when compared to hens inseminated with the Minnesota (75%) or Universal diluent (75%). No differences in hatch of all eggs set were noted when BPSE (77%) and the commercial extenders were compared.
Molecular subtyping reveals immune alterations associated with progression of bronchial premalignant lesions (2019)

Bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs) are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma, but have variable outcome, and we lack tools to identify and treat PMLs at risk for progression to cancer. Here we report the identification of four molecular subtypes of PMLs with distinct differences in epithelial and immune processes based on RNA-Seq profiling of endobronchial biopsies from high-risk smokers. The Proliferative subtype is enriched with bronchial dysplasia and exhibits up-regulation of metabolic and cell cycle pathways. A Proliferative subtype-associated gene signature identifies subjects with Proliferative PMLs from normal-appearing uninvolved large airway brushings with high specificity. In progressive/persistent Proliferative lesions expression of interferon signaling and antigen processing/presentation pathways decrease and immunofluorescence indicates a depletion of innate and adaptive immune cells compared with regressive lesions. Molecular biomarkers measured in PMLs or the uninvolved airway can enhance histopathological grading and suggest immunoprevention strategies for intercepting the progression of PMLs to lung cancer.
Decentralised secondary voltage and frequency control scheme for islanded microgrid based on adaptive state estimator (2017)

This study proposes a decentralised secondary voltage and frequency control based on the state estimation principle and cooperative strategy in an islanded microgrid. Following the establishment of a large signal model of microgrid, an adaptive sliding mode observer is allocated to each distributed generation unit to estimate the transient responses of the other units based on the coupling of the physical system. In this way, the proposed secondary control is implemented in a fully decentralised structure such that each distributed generation requires its own information only; unlike conventional centralised or distributed control methods, this scheme obviates any requirement for communication network and remote measurements, which leads to improved system reliability, flexibility and scalability. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed secondary control for a typical microgrid system.
A comparison of hierarchical high definition imagery coding schemes (2003)

Various methods of constructing a compression hierarchy and a spatial and temporal resolution hierarchy are noted. The most suitable of these techniques seems to be a hybrid of current motion compensated DCT (discrete cosine transform) and subband coding schemes which are modified to accommodate a compression quality level hierarchy. In addition, an optional correction residual can be added to both perfect the picture and further augment the resolution, perhaps even beyond the resolution of the original picture which was processed via DCT or subband decomposition. Such augmentation residuals can be further stacked to indefinitely increase resolution, and these residuals can be themselves compressed. The possibility of augmentation information, such as additional camera angles or aspect ratios, is mentioned as being a set of suitable uses for an even higher bandwidth data stream.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discovery and analysis of a novel parvovirus B19 Genotype 3 isolate in the United States (2009)

This is the first report of a B19V Genotype 3 detected from a plasma donor located in the United States. Although our data are consistent with recent reports suggesting low incidence for this genotype, they indicate its increasing relevance among blood and plasma donors.
Quantitative mapping of mitochondrial membrane potential (2016)

1630 Objectives Abnormal conduction of electrical impulses may cause or accompany a wide range of diseases and conditions, including myocardial pathologies such as arrhythmogenic tissue, reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, myopathy, scar and infarct. Treatment of ventricular tachycardia is currently guided by electroanatomic mapping (EAM) which involves roving catheter contact with the myocardial surface to record local electrograms. But EAM is sensitive only to surface currents and cannot probe the conductive capacity of the full thickness of the myocardium. The questions we ask are: (1) Can PET and a radiolabeled lipophilic cation be used to develop a minimally invasive method for quantitative mapping of myocardial mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). And (2) can the method be shown valid in pigs with, and without, focal tissue injury? Methods The use of 3H-labeled lipophilic cations such as tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) to measure mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured cells and isolated perfused rat hearts was validated as a reference method several decades ago 1-3. However, this classical methodology is highly invasive and destructive, making it inappropriate for direct translation to human investigation. The use of 18F-TPP+ provides a new route for adapting this well-established methodology with PET. Conceptually, the myocardial concentration of 18F-TPP+ is partitioned into two components: extracellular (ECV) and intracellular volumes. The Nernst equation relates the equilibrium concentrations of the intracellular concentrations to ΔΨm. We derived equations relating the total volume of distribution (VT) of 18F-TPP+ , to ΔΨm, ECV, mitochondrial volume fraction and the electric potential across the cell membrane,ΔΨc. We imaged the left ventricles of nine pigs (six controls and three with tissue injury), with 18F-TPP+ and PET. In three pigs ECV was also mapped via contrast CT. VT was estimated voxel-by-voxel from dynamic PET data by Logan graphical analysis and transformed to a quantitative map of ΔΨm. Values of ΔΨm were assayed in 17 short axis segments. Nominal values were used for mitochondrial density and ΔΨc. Results In control pigs ΔΨm was -139.4±0.4 mV. The Figure shows the quality of ΔΨm maps and that ΔΨm was significantly reduced in experimentally induced scar (arrows), in the range -90 to 0 mV. PET measurement of ΔΨm is in excellent agreement with previous measurements in experimental preparations using classical methods. Conclusions We have developed a minimally invasive method for mapping mitochondrial membrane potential of the left ventricle myocardium. ΔΨm is computed in absolute units, mV. The ΔΨm measurements in normal tissue were similar across all pigs, exhibiting low variance with wide separation of ΔΨm in normal tissue versus scar. These results demonstrate the basic validity of the method in a swine model of focal tissue injury and suggest the possibility of clinical translation.
COMPTON SCATTERING AND ITS APPLICATIONS: THE PLEIADES FEMTOSECOND X-RAY SOURCE AT LLNL (2004)

Remarkable developments in critical technologies including terawatt-class lasers using chirped-pulse amplification, high brightness photoinjectors, high-gradient accelerators, and superconducting linacs make it possible to design and operate compact, tunable, subpicosecond Compton scattering x-ray sources with a wide variety of applications. In such novel radiation sources, the collision between a femtosecond laser pulse and a low emittance relativistic electron bunch in a small ({micro}m{sup 3}) interaction volume produces Doppler-upshifted scattered photons with unique characteristics: the energy is tunable in the 5-500 keV range, the angular divergence of the beam is small (mrad), and the pulses are ultrashort (10 fs - 10 ps). Two main paths are currently being followed in laboratories worldwide: high peak brightness, using ultrahigh intensity femtosecond lasers at modest repetition rates, and high average brightness, using superconducting linac and high average power laser technology at MHz repetition rates. Targeted applications range from x-ray protein crystallography and high contrast medical imaging to femtosecond pump-probe and diffraction experiments. More exotic uses of such sources include the {gamma}-{gamma} collider, NIF backlighting, nonlinear Compton scattering, and high-field QED. Theoretical considerations and experimental results will be discussed within this context.
Effects of Fe and Ni additions on emerging Al–4·5Cu–1·5Mg powder metallurgy alloy (2013)

In recent laboratory studies, a method designed to modify an emerging Al–Cu–Mg powder metallurgy alloy with Fe and/or Ni additions was successfully developed. The objectives of this research were designed to expand upon this work with an emphasis on characterising the industrial processing behaviour and thermal stability of the alloy with and without additions of these transition metals. All powder compacts exhibited an industrial sintering response that mirrored prior laboratory findings thereby confirming commercial viability. Subsequently, tensile specimens were machined from industrially sintered bars, heat treated to the T6 temper and then subjected to various conditions of thermal exposure at temperatures up to 280°C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data confirmed that Fe/Ni additions reduced the precipitation kinetics of the S-type phases responsible for peak strengthening at temperatures <160°C and thereby enhanced the thermal stability of important tensile properties such as yield strength. At higher temperatures (>200°C), the Fe/Ni additions were less effective with both alloys exhibiting comparable levels of strength degradation.Lors d’études récentes en laboratoire, on a développé avec succès une méthode conçue pour modifier un alliage émergeant de la métallurgie des poudres, Al–Cu–Mg, avec des additions de Fe et/ou de Ni. Cette recherche a pour but d’élargir ce travail avec une emphase sur la caractérisation du comportement du traitement industriel et de la stabilité thermique de l’alliage, avec ou sans additions de ces métaux de transition. Tous les compacts de poudre exhibaient une réponse industrielle de frittage qui reflétait les trouvailles antécédentes en laboratoire, confirmant ainsi la viabilité commerciale. Subséquemment, on a usiné des échantillons pour mesure de résistance à la traction à partir de barres frittées industriellement et on les a traités thermiquement à l’état T6. On a ensuite soumis les échantillons à des conditions variées d’exposition thermique à des températures allant jusqu’à 280°C. Les données de DSC ont confirmé que les additions de Fe/Ni réduisaient la cinétique de précipitation des phases de type S, responsables de l’endurcissement de pointe à des températures <160°C et augmentaient ainsi la stabilité thermique des propriétés importantes de résistance à la traction comme la limite d’élasticité. À des températures plus élevées (>200°C), les additions de Fe/Ni étaient moins efficaces, les deux alliages exhibant des niveaux comparables de dégradation de la résistance.
Noncataleptic neuroleptic agents: 4-Substituted 1-(2-chloro-7-fluoro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl)piperazines and related compounds (1986)

1-(2-Chloro-7-fluoro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,f ]thiepin-10-yl)piperazine ( VI ) was used to prepare a new group of potential noncataleptic neuroleptic agents. Addition of acrylonitrile and acrylamide gave the nitrile VII and the amide X . Further transformations of the nitrile VII led to the phenone VIII and the amidoxime IX . Alkylations of compound VI with 2-(2-chloroethyl)-1,3-dioxolane and 2-(2-chloroethyl)-1,3-dioxane resulted in the cyclic acetals XII and XIII . Several improvements of the synthesis of compound VI are reported. Out of the compounds prepared, the amide X (methanesulfonate VňFB-15 496) proved most interesting: it has low acute toxicity, is noncataleptic and has significantly higher antidopaminergic activity than clozapine.
Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: evaluation of the commercial test <i>recom</i>Line <i>Toxoplasma</i> IgG immunoblot (Mikrogen) based on recombinant antigens (2022)

IB-recomLine allowed for earlier diagnosis of toxoplasmic seroconversion compared to both ELISA tests and WB-LDBIO but led to insufficient performance to confirm the immune status when ELISA results were discordant or equivocal.
GNSS Spoofing Detection using High-Frequency Antenna Motion and Carrier-Phase Data (2013)

research interests are in the areas of GNSS technology and applications, spacecraft attitude and orbit determination, and general estimation, filtering, and detection. Steven P. Powell is a Senior Engineer with the GPS and
Fault detection and diagnosis in turbine engines using fuzzy logic (2004)

In this paper, we present a fuzzy logic based method of fault detection and diagnosis in gas turbine engines. The fuzzy logic system rule base is derived using heuristics extracted from designed experiments and flight data representing component performance changes due to field service degradation. The fuzzy logic rule based method incorporates both sensed engine parameters that represent non-deteriorated engine operation and fault conditions related to engine performance such as high pressure turbine, high pressure compressor and combustor deterioration. The fuzzy logic system is evaluated using residuals calculated based on both empirical models as inputs. The efficacy of the fuzzy logic system in detecting and diagnosing engine faults is demonstrated using field test data. We also examine performance robustness in the presence of varying levels of sensor noise and measurement errors.