gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast signal acquisition technology for new GPS/Galileo receivers (2006)

Parallel acquisition units that drastically improve acquisition performance have been presented in the past for military and indoor applications. These units are usually dedicated to the acquisition of one particular code. Because GNSS receivers of the next generation must be able to acquire multiple signals with various code modulations, Septentrio developed a flexible hardware Fast Acquisition Unit (FAU), which is capable of acquiring any of the new civil signals. The paper begins with an overview of traditional signal acquisition techniques. The acquisition time is proportional to the two dimensions of the satellite acquisition space (frequency dimension and range dimension). The range dimension is directly related to the length (repeatability period) of ranging codes, hence the acquisition time significantly increases for long codes, such as Galileo and GPS L2C. Dedicated hardware acquisition units can drastically reduce this acquisition time. The new FAU is capable of acquiring any of the new civil signals including Galileo and modernized GPS. The uniqueness of this FAU is due to its flexible design, which allows it to support all the planned code modulations, including those from Galileo, GSTB-v2, and modernized GPS. The paper discusses the architecture and features of the new FAU, whereof the design is based on the combination of a matched filter with an FFT to search through the range/frequency space in a highly efficient manner. Performance analysis of the new FAU demonstrates that resulting acquisition times are short enough to ensure compliance with user application requirements.
QSAR-Based Virtual Screening: Advances and Applications in Drug Discovery (2018)

Virtual screening (VS) has emerged in drug discovery as a powerful computational approach to screen large libraries of small molecules for new hits with desired properties that can then be tested experimentally. Similar to other computational approaches, VS intention is not to replace <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i> assays, but to speed up the discovery process, to reduce the number of candidates to be tested experimentally, and to rationalize their choice. Moreover, VS has become very popular in pharmaceutical companies and academic organizations due to its time-, cost-, resources-, and labor-saving. Among the VS approaches, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis is the most powerful method due to its high and fast throughput and good hit rate. As the first preliminary step of a QSAR model development, relevant chemogenomics data are collected from databases and the literature. Then, chemical descriptors are calculated on different levels of representation of molecular structure, ranging from 1D to <i>n</i>D, and then correlated with the biological property using machine learning techniques. Once developed and validated, QSAR models are applied to predict the biological property of novel compounds. Although the experimental testing of computational hits is not an inherent part of QSAR methodology, it is highly desired and should be performed as an ultimate validation of developed models. In this mini-review, we summarize and critically analyze the recent trends of QSAR-based VS in drug discovery and demonstrate successful applications in identifying perspective compounds with desired properties. Moreover, we provide some recommendations about the best practices for QSAR-based VS along with the future perspectives of this approach.
Allotransplantation of Sulphate Glucomannan-Alginate Barium (SGA)-Microencapsulated Rat Islets for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (2009)

To offer a more effective microencapsulation technique of islets for the treatment of diabetes, we have developed a new type of microcapsule comprising sulphate glucomannan-alginate barium (SGA). We compared it with traditional microencapsulated APA (alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate) and ABa (Ba(2+)-alginate) microencapsulated islets. These three types of microencapsulated islets were prepared and cultured in vitro and we studied their morphology and activity. To determine their effects on insulin secretion and cytokine production (MCP-1, IL-1, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) the islets were transplanted into diabetic rats. There was no difference in the morphologies of the three types of microencapsulated islets or their insulin secretory capacity in vitro. However, the SGA microencapsulated islets had higher activity and produced more insulin than the APA and ABa microencapsulated islets after transplantation. Normoglycemia was maintained for longer in the SGA-transplanted group than in the other two groups. The concentrations of cytokines in the peritoneal fluid were significantly decreased in the SGA group, as was the infiltration of inflammatory cells around the microcapsules. In conclusion, the novel SGA microencapsulated islets can maintain normoglycemia in diabetic rats without immunosuppression for longer than APA and ABa microencapsulated islets.
Antigen-specific B-1a antibodies induced by<i>Francisella tularensis</i>LPS provide long-term protection against<i>F. tularensis</i>LVS challenge (2009)

Francisella tularensis (Ft), a gram-negative intracellular bacterium, is the etiologic agent of tularemia. Infection of mice with <10 Ft Live Vaccine Strain (Ft LVS) organisms i.p. causes a lethal infection that resembles human tularemia. Here, we show that immunization with as little as 0.1 ng Ft LVS lipopolysaccharide (Ft-LPS), but not Ft lipid A, generates a rapid antibody response that protects wild-type (WT) mice against lethal Ft LVS challenge. Protection is not induced in Ft-LPS-immunized B cell-deficient mice (muMT or JhD), male xid mice, or Ig transgenic mice that produce a single IgH (not reactive with Ft-LPS). Focusing on the cellular mechanisms that underlie this protective response, we show that Ft-LPS specifically stimulates proliferation of B-1a lymphocytes that bind fluorochrome-labeled Ft-LPS and the differentiation of these cells to plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific for Ft-LPS. This exclusively B-1a antibody response is equivalent in WT, T-deficient (TCRalphabeta(-/-), TCRgammadelta(-/-)), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient (TLR4(-/-)) mice and thus is not dependent on T cells or typical inflammatory processes. Serum antibody levels peak approximately 5 days after Ft-LPS immunization and persist at low levels for months. Thus, immunization with Ft-LPS activates a rare population of antigen-specific B-1a cells to produce a persistent T-independent antibody response that provides long-term protection against lethal Ft LVS infection. These data support the possibility of creating effective, minimally invasive vaccines that can provide effective protection against pathogen invasion.
Salvage treatment with single-agent capecitabine in patients with heavily pretreated advanced colorectal cancer. (2006)

Despite its methodological limitations, our trial suggests that salvage treatment of heavily pretreated ACRC with single-agent C may be considered a safe and cost-effective alternative to best supportive care.
Microfabricated Platform for Nanoscale Flow Sensing and Control (2006)

In this paper we describe a microfabricated platform for nanoscale flow sensing and control. Two custom-built pneumatically-driven pumps were used to deliver two different fluids into our microfluidic chip. The two liquids were mixed on-chip and the flow rate and composition of the resulting liquid was measured. Flow rate measurements were accurate within a few nL/min and the composition within 0.2%. In this paper, composition is defined as the makeup (by volume and expressed as a percentage) of a binary mixture. Feedback from the sensors was used to control the pumps in order to produce the desired flow profiles.
Short Peptide Vaccine Induces CD4+ T Helper Cells in Patients with Different Solid Cancers (2015)

Previous cancer vaccination trials often aimed to activate CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses with short (8-10mer) peptides and targeted CD4(+) helper T cells (TH) with HLA class II-binding longer peptides (12-16 mer) that were derived from tumor antigens. Accordingly, a study of immunomonitoring focused on the detection of CTL responses to the short, and TH responses to the long, peptides. The possible induction of concurrent TH responses to short peptides was widely neglected. In a recent phase I vaccination trial, 53 patients with different solid cancers were vaccinated with EMD640744, a cocktail of five survivin-derived short (9- or 10-mer) peptides in Montanide ISA 51VG. We monitored 49 patients and found strong CD8(+) T-cell responses in 63% of the patients. In addition, we unexpectedly found CD4(+) TH cell responses against at least two of the five short peptides in 61% (23/38) of the patients analyzed. The two peptides were recognized by HLA-DP4- and HLA-DR-restricted TH1 cells. Some short peptide-reactive (sp)CD4 T cells showed high functional avidity. Here, we show that a short peptide vaccine is able to activate a specific CD4(+) T-cell repertoire in many patients, facilitating a strong combined CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell response.
Oleanolic Acid Initiates Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines and Reduces Metastasis of a B16F10 Melanoma Model In Vivo (2011)

Our data provide a significant insight into the antitumoral and antimetastatic activity of OA in NSCLC and suggest that including OA in the NSCLC regimens may help to decrease the number of relapses and reduce the development of metastases.
Laminar Metal Foam: A Soft and Highly Thermally Conductive Thermal Interface Material with a Reliable Joint for Semiconductor Packaging (2021)

Future electronic packaging technology requires semiconductor chips having a larger size and higher power for advanced applications, e.g., new energy conversion systems, electric vehicles, and data center servers, yet traditional thermal interface materials (TIMs) with a high thermal conductivity are generally stiff materials with weak joints, which cause the accumulated thermal stress to concentrate at the chip corners, leading to cracking and popcorn problems. To address such a critical challenge, herein for the first time we report a low-cost and high-performance porous copper (Cu)-indium (In) laminar structure as TIM, which can provide a superior thermal conductivity (50 W m-1 K-1) comparable to indium, yet the Young's modulus (1.0 GPa) is an order of magnitude lower than indium, which is a state-of-the-art value. Additionally, the In-based intermetallic compound (IMC) joints enable more robust mechanical interconnection above the melting point of pure indium, providing better high-temperature performance. The discontinuous IMCs spread the global interfacial thermal stress into numerous isolated local areas, ensuring a reliable joint to resist thermal-mechanical fatigue. In the silicon-TIM-copper package testing vehicles with a large die size (1 × 1 square inch), this structure shows excellent thermal management ability and superior reliability, compared with classical indium and classic commercial silver pastes.
Copeptin, a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin secretion, is associated with higher glucose and insulin concentrations but not higher blood pressure in obese men (2014)

Plasma copeptin, a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin secretion, is higher in obese men compared with normal weight men, and is associated with abnormalities in glucose and insulin metabolism, but not with higher blood pressure or an android fat distribution in obese men.
A Microscopically Accurate Model of Partially Ballistic NanoMOSFETs in Saturation Based on Channel Backscattering (2011)

We propose a model for partially ballistic metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and for channel backscattering that is an alternative to the well-known Lundstrom model (LM) and is more accurate from the point of view of the actual energy distribution of carriers. The key point is that we do not use the concept of “virtual source.” Our model differs from the LM in two assumptions: 1) the reflection coefficients from the top of the energy barrier to the drain and from top of the barrier to the source are approximately equal (whereas, in the Lundstrom model, the latter is zero); and 2) inelastic scattering is assumed through a ratio of the average velocity of forward-going carriers to that of backward-going carriers at the top of barrier k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> >; 1 (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> = 1 in the Lundstrom model). We support our assumptions with 2-D full-band Monte Carlo simulations, including quantum corrections in n-channel MOSFETs. We show that our model allows to extract from the electrical characteristics a backscattering coefficient very close to that obtained from the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation, whereas the LM overestimates the backscattering by up to 40%.
GANimation: Anatomically-aware Facial Animation from a Single Image (2018)

Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown impressive results for task of facial expression synthesis. The most successful architecture is StarGAN, that conditions GANs generation process with images of a specific domain, namely a set of images of persons sharing the same expression. While effective, this approach can only generate a discrete number of expressions, determined by the content of the dataset. To address this limitation, in this paper, we introduce a novel GAN conditioning scheme based on Action Units (AU) annotations, which describes in a continuous manifold the anatomical facial movements defining a human expression. Our approach allows controlling the magnitude of activation of each AU and combine several of them. Additionally, we propose a fully unsupervised strategy to train the model, that only requires images annotated with their activated AUs, and exploit attention mechanisms that make our network robust to changing backgrounds and lighting conditions. Extensive evaluation show that our approach goes beyond competing conditional generators both in the capability to synthesize a much wider range of expressions ruled by anatomically feasible muscle movements, as in the capacity of dealing with images in the wild.
TEM study of the reaction mechanisms involved in the carbothermal reduction of hafnia (2015)

The synthesis of HfC<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> oxycarbides through the carbothermal reaction of hafnia with carbon black was undertaken.
Registration of Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds by Matching the Linear Plane Features of Building Roof Facets (2016)

This paper presents a new approach for the registration of airborne LiDAR point clouds by finding and matching corresponding linear plane features. Linear plane features are a type of common feature in an urban area and are convenient for obtaining feature parameters from point clouds. Using such linear feature parameters, the 3D rigid body coordination transformation model is adopted to register the point clouds from different trajectories. The approach is composed of three steps. In the first step, an OpenStreetMap-aided method is applied to select simply-structured roof pairs as the corresponding roof facets for the registration. In the second step, the normal vectors of the selected roof facets are calculated and input into an over-determined observation system to estimate the registration parameters. In the third step, the registration is be carried out by using these parameters. A case dataset with a two trajectory point cloud was selected to verify the proposed method. To evaluate the accuracy of the point cloud after registration, 40 checkpoints were manually selected; the results of the evaluation show that the general accuracy is 0.96 m, which is approximately 1.6 times the point cloud resolution. Furthermore, two overlap zones were selected to measure the surface-difference between the two trajectories. According to the analysis results, the average surface-distance is approximately 0.045–0.129 m.
Simultaneous Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Adults: A Multicenter Clinical Study (2006)

Findings with a large patient group are in agreement with previous reports on smaller groups, showing that, overall, bilateral implantation offers the majority of patients advantages when listening in simulated adverse conditions.
A multimode-fibre laser-Doppler anemometer for highly spatially resolved velocity measurements using low-coherence light (2001)

The advantageous employment of multimode fibres for beam delivery in laser-Doppler anemometers (LDAs) is presented. Multimode fibres allow the transfer of significantly higher power into the LDA measurement volume and need less alignment effort than do the single-mode fibres which are usually employed. Powerful laser diodes can now be applied for LDA set-ups, allowing sensitive velocity measurements of fluid flows. It is demonstrated for the first time that the length of the measurement volume is less than that of the volume of intersection of the two laser beams because of the low spatial coherence of the multimode light. Highly spatially resolved measurements of variations in velocity in flows can be achieved. As a first result, a measurement volume with a diameter of 584 µm, length 40 µm and 280 fringes is presented. This allows precise frequency measurements and the determination of movements of accelerated particles. The speckle pattern of the multimode beam is sufficiently suppressed by choosing high-aperture fibres with high intermodal dispersion and by the use of laser diode arrays with low coherence lengths. A high accuracy in the determination of velocity gradients in laminar or turbulent boundary layers can be achieved with the multimode-fibre LDA.
Design of a Simulated Moving Bed: Optimal Particle Size of the Stationary Phase (2000)

The influence of the particle size on simulated moving bed (SMB) design is studied using the chiral separation of methyl mandelate on Chiralcel OD. The theoretical model of the pressure drop and band dispersion is validated with experimental results obtained with two different particle sizes (20 and 50 μm) using linear adsorption isotherms. The influence of the particle size on the SMB column size and productivity shows that the optimum particle size is 20–25 μm when working with an acceptable column length and a minimum amount of stationary phase. Due to the high cost of the coated silica stationary phases used for chiral separation, the separation cost is thus minimized.
A Cyber Security Situational Awareness Framework to Track and Project Multistage Cyber Attacks (2014)

A Cyber Security Situational Awareness Framework to Track and Project Multistage Cyber Attacks
Security for 5G and Beyond (2019)

The development of the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks is gaining momentum to connect almost all aspects of life through the network with much higher speed, very low latency and ubiquitous connectivity. Due to its crucial role in our lives, the network must secure its users, components, and services. The security threat landscape of 5G has grown enormously due to the unprecedented increase in types of services and in the number of devices. Therefore, security solutions if not developed yet must be envisioned already to cope with diverse threats on various services, novel technologies, and increased user information accessible by the network. This paper outlines the 5G network threat landscape, the security vulnerabilities in the new technological concepts that will be adopted by 5G, and provides either solutions to those threats or future directions to cope with those security challenges. We also provide a brief outline of the post-5G cellular technologies and their security vulnerabilities which is referred to as future generations (XG) in this paper. In brief, this paper highlights the present and future security challenges in wireless networks, mainly in 5G, and future directions to secure wireless networks beyond 5G.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Signal Transduction in the Atrioventricular Canal During Heart Development (2001)

During embryonic development of the heart, one critical component of the process is the formation of the mesenchymal cells of the cardiac cushions. Cells within the cushions arise by an epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation of the overlying endothelium and provide the progenitors of the valves and septum intermedium. In the last several years, significant progress has been made toward understanding this process at the cellular and molecular level. Particularly, the function and localization of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β and its receptors during epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation have been studied. Several TGF-β isoforms are expressed throughout the heart (Akhurst et al, 1990; Potts et al, 1992; Barnett et al, 1994; Boyer et al, 1999b) and have been implicated in activities such as angiogenisis (Battegay, 1995) and myocyte hypertrophy (Schneider and Parker, 1990). However, the only cardiac-specific defects produced by loss of the various TGF-βs in null mice were valvular and septal defects seen in TGF-β2 knockout animals (Sanford et al, 1997). Together, mouse and chicken studies point to critical roles for members of this growth factor family in the normal formation of cardiac valves.
Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with radiotherapy promotes tumor growth by stimulating vascularization in tumor-bearing mice (2015)

Although granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used to support recovery from radiation-induced side-effects, the precise effects of G-CSF on colon cancer under radiotherapy remain poorly understood. In the present study, to investigate the effects of tumor growth following radiotherapy and G-CSF administration in a murine xenograft model of colon cancer, female BALB/c mice were injected with cells of a colon carcinoma cell line (CT26) with irradiation and G-CSF, alone or in combination. Mice received 2 Gy of focal radiation daily for 5 days and intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF (100 µg/kg/day) after irradiation for 7 days. Changes in the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase type 9 (MMP-9) and CD31 were assessed in the mouse cancer induced by injection of colon cancer cells. We observed that G-CSF increased the number of circulating neutrophils, but facilitated tumor growth. However, G-CSF treatment did not affect radiation-induced cytotoxicity and cell viability in CT26 cells in vitro. Increased levels of myeloperoxidase, a neutrophil marker and those of vascular endothelial growth factor were observed in tumors with G-CSF supplementation. In addition, we found that increased levels of CD31 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were correlated with the enhanced tumor growth after G-CSF treatment. Therefore, these data suggest that G-CSF may contribute to tumor growth and decrease the antitumor effect of radiotherapy, possibly by promoting vascularization in cancer lesions.
Influence of Polar Modifiers on Microstructure of Polybutadiene Obtained by Anionic Polymerization. Part 2: Lewis Base (σ) Amine-Ether and Ether-Type Polar Modifiers (2015)

The influence of Lewis base (σ complex) amine-ether and ether-type polar modifiers on the microstructure of polybutadiene obtained by anionic polymerization was studied. Analysis of FT-IR-ATR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectral data for polybutadienes obtained in the presence of the complexing agents showed that increase of concentration of all tested polar modifiers very strongly promoted formation of 1,2 butadiene isomeric structures, especially increasing the content of vinyl–vinyl and vinyl–trans-1,4 diads.