gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First direct measurement of the spatial coherence of sunlight (2012)

Direct sunlight is often deemed incoherent, hence unsuitable for antenna power conversion. However, all radiation exhibits spatial coherence when detected on a sufficiently small scale. We report the first direct measurement of the spatial coherence of solar beam radiation, achieved with a customized tabletop cyclic-shearing interferometer. Good agreement is found between experiment and theory, with promising ramifications for solar aperture antennas.
Pharmacological interactions of vasoconstrictors. (2009)

This article is the first of a series on pharmacological interactions involving medicaments commonly prescribed and/or used in odontology: vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics and anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial analgesics. The necessity for the odontologist to be aware of adverse reactions as a result of the pharmacological interactions is due to the increase in medicament consumption by the general population. There is a demographic change with greater life expectancy and patients have increased chronic health problems and therefore have increased medicament intake. The presence of adrenaline (epinephrine) and other vasoconstrictors in local odontological anaesthetics is beneficial in relation to the duration and depth of anaesthesia and reduces bleeding and systemic toxicity of the local anaesthetic. However, it might produce pharmacological interactions between the injected vasoconstrictors and the local anaesthetic and adrenergic medicament administered exogenically which the odontologist should be aware of, especially because of the risk of consequent adverse reactions. Therefore the importance of conducting a detailed clinical history of the general state of health and include all medicaments, legal as well as illegal, taken by the patient.
An image analysis study on nuclear morphology in metastasized and non-metastasized squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue (1998)

In a retrospective case-control study on 46 metastasized and 34 non-metastasized primary tongue carcinomas, the nuclear morphology and chromatin pattern were assessed in 3 microns thick, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and Feulgen-stained tissue sections of surgical resection specimens, by means of high-resolution computer-assisted image analysis. The aim of this study was to disclose differences in karyometric features, such as nuclear size-, shape-, and chromatin-pattern features, between these groups, with a view to developing a discriminant function that can predict the occurrence of metastasis for the individual patient. In addition, the lymph node metastases of 31 patients and the normal tongue epithelium of 21 patients were also assessed, to study the possible differences between these two groups and primary tumours. In the metastasized tumours, the chromatin was significantly more condensed (P = 0.01) and exhibited significantly less variation in chromatin condensation (P < 0.001) than in the group of non-metastasized carcinomas. Comparison of lymph node metastases with their primary tumours disclosed only minor differences in chromatin pattern. These findings suggest that only minor genetic differences exist between primary tongue carcinomas and their metastases. Tumour cells of tongue carcinomas showed highly significant differences from cells of normal tongue mucosa for most karyometric features. Logistic regression analysis resulted in a classifier, based on the circularity of the nucleus (CIRC) and the standard deviation of the chromatin condensation (SD COND), to predict the occurrence of lymph node metastases. After cross-validation, the percentages of correct classifications in the group of metastasized and non-metastasized tumours were 72 and 62 per cent, respectively. These results are comparable to the classification results obtained from a classifier based on the clinical T-stage, but our karyometric classification results show a much more equal distribution between the sensitivity and specificity. Karyometric features appeared to be more appropriate to predict metastases than biomarkers such as p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67.
Lack of improvement in cerebral metabolism after hyperoxia in severe head injury: a microdialysis study (2003)

Hyperoxia slightly reduced lactate levels in brain tissue after TBI. The estimated redox status of the cells, however, did not change and cerebral O2 extraction seemed to be reduced. These data indicate that oxidation of glucose was not improved by hyperoxia in cerebral and adipose tissue, and might even be impaired.
Combined <i>MYC</i> Activation and <i>Pten</i> Loss Are Sufficient to Create Genomic Instability and Lethal Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2015)

Genetic instability, a hallmark feature of human cancers including prostatic adenocarcinomas, is considered a driver of metastasis. Somatic copy number alterations (CNA) are found in most aggressive primary human prostate cancers, and the overall number of such changes is increased in metastases. Chromosome 10q23 deletions, encompassing PTEN, and amplification of 8q24, harboring MYC, are frequently observed, and the presence of both together portends a high risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality. In extant genetically engineered mouse prostate cancer models (GEMM), isolated MYC overexpression or targeted Pten loss can each produce early prostate adenocarcinomas, but are not sufficient to induce genetic instability or metastases with high penetrance. Although a previous study showed that combining Pten loss with focal MYC overexpression in a small fraction of prostatic epithelial cells exhibits cooperativity in GEMMs, additional targeted Tp53 disruption was required for formation of metastases. We hypothesized that driving combined MYC overexpression and Pten loss using recently characterized Hoxb13 transcriptional control elements that are active in prostate luminal epithelial cells would induce the development of genomic instability and aggressive disease with metastatic potential. Neoplastic lesions that developed with either MYC activation alone (Hoxb13-MYC) or Pten loss alone (Hoxb13-Cre∣Pten(Fl/Fl)) failed to progress beyond prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and did not harbor genomic CNAs. By contrast, mice with both alterations (Hoxb13-MYC∣Hoxb13-Cre∣Pten(Fl/Fl), hereafter, BMPC mice) developed lethal adenocarcinoma with distant metastases and widespread genome CNAs that were independent of forced disruption of Tp53 and telomere shortening. BMPC cancers lacked neuroendocrine or sarcomatoid differentiation, features uncommon in human disease but common in other models of prostate cancer that metastasize. These data show that combined MYC activation and Pten loss driven by the Hoxb13 regulatory locus synergize to induce genomic instability and aggressive prostate cancer that phenocopies the human disease at the histologic and genomic levels.
Large Chest Wall Osteosarcoma-A Case Report (2005)

Primary osteosarcomas of the chest wall are very rare. We report a patient with a large osteosarcoma of the left chest wall. This 40-year-old man suffered from left chest pain for several weeks, and chest radiological examinations revealed a tumor mass, 15×15×20 cm in size, in the left chest wall firmly adherent to the aortic arch. Sono-guided needle biopsy was performed, but a histological diagnosis could not be obtained. Complete surgical resection of the tumor was attempted, but failed due to aortic wall involvement. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered with a poor response. The patient died of carcinomatosis within 13 months after surgery. The optimal therapeutic strategy for primary chest wall osteosarcoma, a rare tumor with a high grade malignancy, is not well defined. However, it is generally accepted that early diagnosis plus complete resection with adequate safe margins are the important factors that will determine the prognosis. The role of chemotherapy or radiotherapy has not been well clarified in the treatment of this neoplasm.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Crystalline J‐Aggregates Formed by Aqueous Ionic Cyanine Dyes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of sterilization on the corrosion resistance of high-speed dental handpieces. (1992)

Ball bearings of high-speed dental handpieces were sterilized by various procedures and examined under scanning electron microscopy for evidence of corrosion. The metallic parts of ball bearings (rings and spheres), if not correctly lubricated, were dramatically corroded in chemical vapor and steam sterilizer. The nonmetallic parts (the retainers made of phenolic resins) appeared to be more sensitive to heat treatments, as revealed by the occurrence of darkening and embrittlement phenomena. In the absence of correct lubrication procedures, the performance of high-speed dental handpieces appears to be adversely influenced by sterilization, mostly in wet environments. On the other hand, daily maintenance that follows the manufacturer's instructions reduces and delays the damage to a great extent.
On IPv6 support in OpenFlow via Flexible Match Structures (2011)

As is so common in technologies, low cost/performance and flexibility conflict with each other. While software-only routers lack of performance, network processors are regarded as too complex to program, and hardware-based designs (including commodity silicon) have been too inflexible [4]. Recognizing the different tradeoffs between these goals, recent efforts [4, 7] advocate for a path towards flexible and efficient networking gear based on co-evolving router hardware, extensible router software, and a clean interface between them. For the latter, OpenFlow [3] is considered the best candidate API available to unveil true innovation in networking. Up to recently, the OpenFlow specification has worked with fixed tupples (10 in v1.0 and 12/14 in v1.1) limiting the available match fields to a hardwired subset of fields in the protocol stack. The rigid flow match structure specification is considered a risk to the protocol success and endangers the promise of future-proof independent evolvability of the data and control planes. To turn this over, OpenFlow 1.1 introduces experimenter features that allow extensible matches, actions, messages, and errors. The ability of extending the flow match structure by defining new types of Flow Match Structures (see A.2.3 [3]) allows controllers and switches to agree on any flow matching syntax. IPv6 [6] was designed with extensibility in mind. In addition to more efficient forwarding,the improved support for extensions and options in IPv6 allows a greater flexibility for introducing new options in the future. Basically, the functionality of options and other rarely used fields is removed from the main header in IPv4 and implemented in IPv6 through a set of additional headers called extension headers (EH), some of them based on a variable number of “options” encoded in TLV format. When IPv6 EHs are to be supported in OpenFlow, a packet field above the base IP header may then occur at different bit positions. The extra switch complexity required for IPv6 EH has two main disadvantages: One is an obvious increase in switch production costs. The other is a higher
A hierarchical partitioning algorithm for VLSI designs (2004)

A hierarchical partitioning algorithm (HPA) partitions a circuit to several physical blocks while maintaining the logical hierarchy of the circuit. It uses a cost function which combines the net-cut, path-weight, and area of each module. A dynamic programming-based approach is utilized to find the minimal cost for different numbers of partitions. The area constraint helps the HPA to obtain area-balanced partitioning results in a shorter CPU time. The program has been tested on several industrial circuits. Experimental results are presented.
Detection of Single Photoluminescent Diamond Nanoparticles in Cells and Study of the Internalization Pathway (2008)

Diamond nanoparticles are promising photoluminescent probes for tracking intracellular processes, due to embedded, perfectly photostable color centers. In this work, the spontaneous internalization of such nanoparticles (diameter 25 nm) in HeLa cancer cells is investigated by confocal microscopy and time-resolved techniques. Nanoparticles are observed inside the cell cytoplasm at the single-particle and single-color-center level, assessed by time-correlation intensity measurements. Improvement of the nanoparticle signal-to-noise ratio inside the cell is achieved using a pulsed-excitation laser and time-resolved detection taking advantage of the long radiative lifetime of the color-center excited state as compared to cell autofluorescence. The internalization pathways are also investigated, with endosomal marking and colocalization analyses. The low colocalization ratio observed proves that nanodiamonds are not trapped in endosomes, a promising result in prospect of drug delivery by these nanoparticles. Low cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles in this cell line is also shown.
Synthesis of the First Fully Active Lipoteichoic Acid (2003)

Nature outfoxed! Owing to the sensitivity of lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) to hydrolysis their biological activity could not be ascertained thus far. The chemical synthesis of LTA of Staphylococcus aureus 1, which contains hydrolytically labile D-alanine residues in the required ratio with other substituents, resulted in the same activity as exhibited by the natural product obtained by a new isolation procedure. Thus, the biological activity of LTA could be ascertained for the first time.
Using machine learning for outcome prediction of patients with severe head injury (2002)

The paper presents an application of decision tree induction to the problem of the prediction of outcome after a severe head injury. The study shows that induced decision trees are useful for the analysis of the importance of clinical parameters and of their combinations for the evaluation of the severity of brain injury and for outcome prediction.
Experimenting capacitive sensing technique for structural integrity assessment (2017)

This paper presents the experimental results of capacitive imaging sensors for structural integrity assessment. The capacitive sensor is based on the measurement of capacitance change due to the anomaly or discontinuity in structures and materials. A number sensor prototypes are investigated in the study. The observation of the scanned image of a Aluminum plate, a carbon fiber plate, and ductile iron pipe segments, is summarized in this paper. Future research will consider applying signal/image processing techniques to quantitatively characterize the anomaly or discontinuity for a more comprehensive assessment of structural integrity in varied applications.
Excellent resistance variability control of WOx ReRAM by a smart writing algorithm (2016)

TMO ReRAMs, being built on defect states, are intrinsically subject to variability. In this work, cell to cell variability is studied by applying write shots with different current and voltage for Forming, SET and RESET operation, respectively. We found the keys to eliminate tail bits consist of (1) longer write pulse, (2) higher write current and (3) higher write voltage. In order to optimize the performance of write speed, write power and device reliability, we developed a novel resistance control method using a smart writing algorithm. Compared to the conventional ISPP writing scheme, this smart writing algorithm covers much wider switching condition variability and cell-to-cell variation by controlling both current and voltage for ReRAM operation.
Identifying Friction Variations with the Standard Smooth Tire for Network Pavement Inventory Friction Testing (2005)

Because of the evident advantages associated with the smooth tire for the measurement of pavement friction, many highway agencies have become interested in the smooth tire. Pavement friction is the result of tire–pavement interaction. Because of the differences between ribbed and smooth tires, experiences with the ribbed tire may not apply to the smooth tire. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate those issues associated with the use of the smooth tire in network pavement inventory friction testing, such as variations in the friction testing system, seasonal friction variations, spatial friction variations, and temporal friction variations. The Indiana Department of Transportation (InDOT) has been using the smooth tire in the network pavement inventory friction test program since 1996. Large amounts of friction data have been obtained in the InDOT friction test track and network pavements. This paper presents the variations in the friction measurements obtained with the smooth tire because of testing system errors and seasonal and temperature effects. The paper also presents the spatial and temporal variations in the friction measurements. It was thought that the results provided in this paper would be useful for highway agencies for determination of test cycle, test spacing, and friction corrections for their network pavement inventory friction testing programs.
A 2 million pixel FIT-CCD image sensor for HDTV camera system (1990)

The image area of the frame FIT (frame-interline-transfer)-CCD (charge-coupled-device) image sensor is 14.0 mm (H)*7.9 mm (V), the effective number of pixels is 1920 (H)*1036 (V) and the unit cell size of a pixel is 7.3 mu m (H)*7.6 mu m (V). These specifications are for the high-definition-television (HDTV) format. The horizontal shift register consists of dual-channel, two-phase CCDs driven by a 37.125-MHz clock pulse. The readout phase of each channel is the same, which allows the reset gate of each channel to be connected together. To adapt to the 74.25-MHz readout frequency, one of the output signals is delayed by 13.47 ns through a sample-hold circuit. To reduce the voltage drop of the vertical shift register (V-CCD) drive pulse along the poly-Si transfer gate, an Al wire is put onto the transfer gate and interconnected to decrease the resistance. This Al wire works also as a photoshield. In addition, another poly-Si layer placed between the Al wire and the transfer gate prevents potential shift by separating the poly-Si contact of the transfer gate/poly-Si layer, from the Al contact of the poly-Si layer/Al wire.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Clinical study of the normothymic effect of dipropylacetamide]. (1976)

On the basis of his results, obtained during a long term study of 32 patients presenting cyclic variations of mood with a known frequency, the author concludes that dipropylacetamide permits to stabilise mood in about 70% of all cases through a supression of relapses or by reducing significantly their frequency. No biological changes were observed and the clinical tolerance of the drug was excellent in most cases. This drug constitutes a variable alternative to lithium treatment, and lacks the well known lithium side effects and limitations.
Phase Equilibrium Investigation for CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-5wt.%MgO-20wt.%Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> System Relevant to Ti-bearing Slag System (2018)

In order to resolve the lack of thermodynamic information for the comprehensive unilization of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag, the phase diagram relevant to the Ti-bearing slag composition was widely investigated. In the present work, the phase equilibrium relationships were investigated for the CaO-SiO2-5wt.%MgO-20wt.%Al2O3-TiO2 phase diagram system. The equilibrium phases were experimentally determined at 1300°C and 1400°C using the high temperature equilibrium technique followed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) analysis. The liquid phase (L), melilite solid solution ((2CaO·MgO·2SiO2, 2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2)ss) phase, perovskite (CaO·TiO2) phase, Al–Ti diopside phase and pseudobrookite solid solution (MgO·TiO2, Al2O3·TiO2)ss phase were found. Based on the experimental results, the 1300°C to 1500°C liquidus lines and phase diagram were constructed for the specified region of the CaO-SiO2-5wt.%MgO-20wt.%Al2O3-TiO2 system.
Drug delivery and drug targeting with parenteral lipid nanoemulsions — A review (2015)

Lipid nanosized emulsions or nanoemulsions (NE) are oil in water dispersions with an oil droplet size of about 200nm. This size of oil droplets dispersed in a continuous water phase is a prerequisite for the parenteral, namely intravenous administration. Many parenteral nutrition and drug emulsions on the market confirm the safe use of NE over years. Parenteral emulsions loaded with APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) are considered as drug delivery systems (DDS). DDS focuses on the regulation of the in vivo dynamics, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and extended bioavailability, thereby improving the effectiveness and the safety of the drugs. Using an emulsion as a DDS, or through the use of surface diversification of the dispersed oil droplets of emulsions, a targeted increase of the API concentration in some parts of the human body can be achieved. This review focuses on NE similar to the marketed once with no or only low amount of additional surfactants beside the emulsifier from a manufacturing point of view (technique, used raw materials).
Non-invasive monitoring of arthritis treatment response via targeting of tyrosine-phosphorylated annexin A2 in chondrocytes (2021)

We demonstrate that fluorescence imaging with LS301 can be used to monitor the progression, remission, and early response to drug treatment in mouse models of RA. Given the ease of detecting LS301 with portable optical imaging devices, the agent may become a useful early treatment response reporter for arthritis diagnosis and drug evaluation.
A New Real-Time PCR Assay for Improved Detection of the Parasite Babesia microti (2011)

Babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis with important public health implications, as the incidence of the disease has risen dramatically over the past decade. Because the current gold standard for detection of Babesia is microscopic examination of blood smears, accurate identification requires trained personnel. Species in the genus cannot be distinguished microscopically, and Babesia can also be confused with the early trophozoite stage (ring forms) of Plasmodium parasites. To allow more accurate diagnosis in a format that is accessible to a wider variety of laboratories, we developed a real-time PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia microti, the dominant babesiosis pathogen in the United States. The real-time PCR is performed on DNA extracted from whole-blood specimens and detects Babesia microti with a limit of detection of ∼100 gene copies in 5 μl of blood. The real-time PCR assay was shown to be 100% specific when tested against a panel of 24 organisms consisting of Babesia microti, other Babesia species, Plasmodium species, tick-borne and other pathogenic bacteria, and other blood-borne parasites. The results using clinical specimens show that the assay can detect infections of lower parasitemia than can be detected by microscopic examination. This method is therefore a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for detection of Babesia microti in patient specimens.