gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
53 IDENTIFICATION OF A CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM GENOMIC REGION WHICH ENCODES A PROTEIN MANIFESTING HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY (1994)

Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK and Dept. of Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhatten, KA.
A rice spotted leaf gene, <i>Spl7</i> , encodes a heat stress transcription factor protein (2002)

A rice spotted leaf (lesion-mimic) gene, Spl7, was identified by map-based cloning. High-resolution mapping with cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers enabled us to define a genomic region of 3 kb as a candidate for Spl7. We found one ORF that showed high similarity to a heat stress transcription factor (HSF). Transgenic analysis verified the function of the candidate gene for Spl7: leaf spot development was suppressed in spl7 mutants with a wild-type Spl7 transgene. Thus, we conclude that Spl7 encodes the HSF protein. The transcript of spl7 was observed in mutant plants. The levels of mRNAs (Spl7 in wild type and spl7 in mutant) increased under heat stress. Sequence analysis revealed only one base substitution in the HSF DNA-binding domain of the mutant allele, causing a change from tryptophan to cysteine.
Inhibition of human tumor cell growthin vivo by an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human farnesyltransferase, BIM-46228 (2001)

Oncogenic mutations of the ras gene leading to constitutive activation of downstream effectors have been detected in a wide spectrum of human cancers (pancreas, thyroid, colon, non-small-cell lung cancer). Membrane anchorage of Ras, required for functional activity in signal transduction, is facilitated by post-translational modifications resulting in covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to the cysteine in the C-terminal CAAX motif. This attachment is mediated by farnesyltransferase (FTase). Here, we report a novel FTase inhibitor, BIM-46228, which showed (i) specific inhibition of purified human FTase enzyme, (ii) inhibition of proliferation in vitro in a large spectrum of human tumor cell lines, (iii) inhibition of growth of human tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice treated by per os administration and (iv) the benefits of in vitro combination of its activity with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Ethynyl‐terminated polysulfones: Synthesis and characterization (1982)

Abstract Hydroxy‐terminated polysulfones (PSs) of number‐average molecular weights from 3000 to 26,000 g/mol were converted to the corresponding 4‐ethynylbenzoate–terminated PS through a three‐step synthesis. The initial step involved the reaction of the hydroxy precursor with 4‐bromobenzoyl chloride followed by displacement of the bromo group with trimethylsilylacetylene using a palladium catalyst. The trimethylsilyl group was subsequently cleaved with a weak base to afford the ethynylbenzoate‐terminated PS. A more direct route to the ethynylbenzoate‐terminated PS involved the reaction of the hydroxy‐terminated PS with 4‐ethynylbenzoyl chloride. The trimethylsilylethynyl and ethynyl groups undergo a thermally induced reaction to provide modified PS with better solvent resistance and higher apparent glass transition temperatures than an unmodified linear PS. The physical properties of the modified PS are compared with those of a linear PS.
Promoter activity associated with the intergenic regions of banana bunchy top virus DNA-1 to -6 in transgenic tobacco and banana cells. (1998)

Promoter regions associated with each of the six ssDNA components of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) have been characterized. DNA segments incorporating the intergenic regions of BBTV DNA-1 to -6 were isolated and fused to the uidA (beta-glucuronidase) reporter gene to assess promoter activity. In tobacco cell suspensions, the BBTV DNA-2 and -6 promoters generated levels of GUS expression 2-fold greater and similar to the 800 bp CaMV 35S promoter, respectively. Deletion analysis of the BBTV DNA-6 promoter suggested all the necessary promoter elements required for strong expression were located within 239 nucleotides upstream of the translational start codon. In transgenic tobacco plants, the BBTV-derived promoters generally provided a weak, tissue-specific GUS expression pattern restricted to phloem-associated cells. However, in callus derived from tobacco leaf tissue, GUS expression directed by the BBTV DNA-6 promoter was strong and, in some lines, comparable to the CaMV 35S promoter. Detectable promoter activity associated with the BBTV promoters in banana embryogenic cells was only observed using a sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter. Promoters derived from BBTV DNA-4 and -5 generated the highest levels of transient activity, which were greater than that of the maize ubi-1 promoter. In transgenic banana plants, the activity of the BBTV DNA-6 promoter was restricted to the phloem of leaves and roots, stomata and root meristems.
Beyond Metallocenes (2003)

This chapter surveys the recent development of new nonmetallocene polymerization catalysts, late transition-metal polymerization catalysts and the polyolefins obtained using these catalysts. The effective homogeneous transition metal catalysts for olefin polymerization, especially those of Group 4 metals, must be one of the useful technologies for polymer synthesis in the two decades. These catalysts not only improved the property of manufactured polyolefins but also made it possible to synthesize new type of polyolefins. Over the past few years, trends in catalyst development have moved from modification of Group 4 metallocene catalysts to new generation catalysts, including non-metallocene catalysts and late transition-metal catalysts. Some of these new catalysts can produce novel polyolefin microstructures and functional polyolefins, which are not possible with metallocene catalysts.
Elevation of serum riboflavin carrier protein in breast cancer. (1999)

Presently available tumor markers have had a limited clinical impact. Riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) is an estrogen inducible protein that occupies a key position in riboflavin metabolism. Because other vitamin carrier proteins (VCP) have been shown to be overexpressed in patients with malignant disease, we evaluated serum RCP levels in patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast. In this prospective blinded study, patients with breast cancer, benign breast disease, and healthy controls were analyzed for RCP levels. Using a highly sensitive RIA, we observed that serum RCP levels were significantly elevated in women with breast cancer (n = 52) as compared with control subjects [n = 50; 6.06 +/- 7.27 ng/ml versus 0.70 +/- 0.19 ng/ml (mean +/- SD), respectively; P < 0.0001]. A serum RCP level of > or = 1.0 ng/ml was highly predictive of the presence of breast cancer, detecting 88% of tumors in stages I-II and 100% of tumors in stages III-IV. Overall, this RCP assay has a sensitivity of 92.3%, a specificity of 88%, a positive predictive value of 88.9%, and a negative predictive value of 91.7%. These results show increased serum levels of RCP in breast adenocarcinoma patients and suggest that RCP levels may be useful as a new marker for breast cancer. The positive predictive value in early-stage breast cancer suggests that the RCP assay may be a useful adjunct to present screening technology.
Bio-Sensing by Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Comprising Doubly-Corrugated Spoofed Surface Plasmon Polariton (DC-SSPP) Waveguide (2012)

The paper describes the design and analysis of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure consisting of doubly-corrugated spoofed surface plasmon polariton (DC-SSPP) waveguide. The dependence of phase change on the dielectric loading of the DC-SSPP structure causes the output from both arms to interfere and enhances features on the transmission spectrum of the MZI. The paper uses a mathematical model to predict the phase accumulation of THz signals travelling through each arm of the MZI with various sample loadings. HFSS simulation has been performed to verify the theoretical modeling and produce more sophisticated results. The paper demonstrates that compared with single-armed SSPP waveguide, the proposed MZI structure shows significant shift of the transmission maxima and minima with high quality factors for the transmission peaks when different materials are loaded. The paper also demonstrates that the proposed DC-SSPP MZI structure can be potentially used in tag-free bio-molecular sensing. The highly localized E-M field at frequencies close to SSPP resonance is shown to reduce the sample amount needed to produce interference patterns without affecting the selectivity of the sensing structure.
STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND REPLICATION OF <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i> TELOMERES (1996)

A combination of classical genetic, biochemical, and molecular biological approaches have generated a rather detailed understanding of the structure and function of Saccharomyces telomeres. Yeast telomeres are essential to allow the cell to distinguish intact from broken chromosomes, to protect the end of the chromosome from degradation, and to facilitate the replication of the very end of the chromosome. In addition, yeast telomeres are a specialized site for gene expression in that the transcription of genes placed near them is reversibly repressed. A surprisingly large number of genes have been identified that influence either telomere structure or telomere function (or both), although in many cases the mechanism of action of these genes is poorly understood. This article reviews the recent literature on telomere biology and highlights areas for future research.
Three-dimensional holographic stamping of multilayer bit-oriented nonlinear optical media (2000)

The requirements and limitations on the use of a volume holographic element for the simultaneous optical stamping of multilayer data into a three-dimensional (3D) bit-oriented material that exhibits a suitable sensitivity threshold are investigated. The expected performance of such a holographic stamping element is examined through a model of the coherent noise effects that result from the interference of the many data layers with one another. We show that higher signal-to-noise values may be achieved through the use of semicoherent light during the readout of the hologram. The main limitations to this technique arise from the bandwidth requirements on the holographic element, the degree of nonlinearity required of the bit-oriented media, and the tolerance requirements for the optical exposure levels. As a demonstration of the concept, a two-layer stamping element is fabricated and used to simultaneously stamp two layers of data into a 3D dye-doped photopolymer storage medium.
Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Antigenized Antibodies. Studies on B and T Cells (1993)

This laboratory has been testing the possibility of using the complementarity-determining region (CDR) loops of the antibody molecule to express oligopeptide epitopes in an immunologically-accessible and conformationally-suitable way. The new process consists in grafting peptides epitopes derived from antigens other than immunoglobulins into antibody CDR loops. This process, "antibody antigenization," utilizes the immunoglobulin fold as a scaffold to immobilize and present oligopeptide epitopes to the immune system as the integral part of the immunoglobulin molecule. Here we describe some of the initial results with antigenized antibodies (AgAbs).
New device for selective dentin caries removal. (2003)

Both prototypes removed carious dentin but did not remove normal dentin in the extracted teeth used in this study. Further development is indicated.
Improving DC Circuit Breaker Performance Through an Alternate Commutating Circuit (2018)

Fault interruption in de circuits is more challenging than in their ac counterparts. The absence of natural current zero crossing along with resistive nature of the dc grids creates a significantly higher fault current to disrupt at the dc circuit breakers. Available approaches to break dc fault currents include creating forced zero-crossing current at the breaker or employing solid-state circuit breakers. This paper summarizes the current dc breaker technologies and proposes a new alternate method. The proposed mechanism is a mechanical circuit breaker that utilizes two switches, of which one generates zero-crossing with an alternate oscillatory circuit for the other one, which can be a conventional zero crossing-based ac breaker and is used in the main circuit. This is different than the conventional single-switch commute-and-absorb method currently used. It is shown that the proposed oscillatory circuit improves the fault current extinction and significantly reduces the voltage rate-of-change while creating the current zero-crossing faster, when compared to the available technology. Thus, the proposed mechanism is capable of interrupting high de currents with minimal arc through a less expensive ac circuit breaker. Simulation and hardware results are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed breaker.
LIBS: Application to toxic metal concentration measurements in a plasma torch off-gas emission system (1995)

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to monitor the metal concentrations of the off-gas system of a 250 kW plasma treatment system during vitrification of a Savannah River surrogate waste. LIBS spectra of different elements in the off-gas emission have been recorded in various spectral regions to select the appropriate spectral lines for the concentration measurements. The LIBS concentration measurement were then performed at different test run conditions. The results of various measurements are presented. These measurements demonstrated LIBS`s capability for real-time toxic metal monitoring.
Permanent-Magnet Temperature Distribution Estimation in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Using Back Electromotive Force Harmonics (2016)

Permanent magnet (PM) temperature measurement/estimation in permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is convenient for both torque control and monitoring purposes. Most of the existing methods provide an averaged/punctual temperature. However, PM temperature distribution is not uniform, which can have unexpected adverse effects such as reduced accuracy estimating the torque produced by the machine or local demagnetization e.g., due to hot spots. PM temperature distribution can be measured or estimated. Inner and outer PM surfaces are not visible once the machine is assembled. Therefore, measurement of the PM temperature distribution cannot be realized by visual means. An array of temperature sensors attached to the PM can be used in this case. While this is technically feasible, it is unaffordable in commercial products due to cost and robustness issues. Alternatively, the PM temperature distribution can be estimated. This paper analyzes the use of back electromotive force (BEMF) harmonics to estimate the differential temperature in the PM of a PMSM, i.e., the temperature difference between the hottest and coldest parts of the magnets. Combined with average PM temperature estimation methods, this information can be used to estimate the PM temperature spatial distribution. The proposed method has been developed on an empirical basis.
Angular Vertical Comb-Driven Tunable Capacitor With High-Tuning Capabilities (2004)

This paper reports on a novel tunable capacitor with electrostatic angular vertical comb-drive (AVC) actuators. The AVC tunable capacitor creates a large offset in comb fingers through a small rotation angle-an advantage not found in conventional lateral comb-drive devices. High capacitance and large continuous tuning ratio is achieved in a compact device area. The largest tuning varactor demonstrates capacitance values between 0.27-8.6 pF-a tuning ratio of more than 31:1, the highest ever reported. The maximum quality factor Q is 273 at 1 GHz near the minimum capacitance value.
Contact localization through spatially overlapping piezoresistive signals (2016)

Achieving high spatial resolution in contact sensing for robotic manipulation often comes at the price of increased complexity in fabrication and integration. One traditional approach is to fabricate a large number of taxels, each delivering an individual, isolated response to a stimulus. In contrast, we propose a method where the sensor simply consists of a continuous volume of piezoresistive elastomer with a number of electrodes embedded inside. We measure piezoresistive effects between all pairs of electrodes in the set, and count on this rich signal set containing the information needed to pinpoint contact location with high accuracy using regression algorithms. In our validation experiments, we demonstrate submillimeter median accuracy in locating contact on a 10mm by 16mm sensor using only four electrodes (creating six unique pairs). In addition to extracting more information from fewer wires, this approach lends itself to simple fabrication methods and makes no assumptions about the underlying geometry, simplifying future integration on robot fingers.
Fetal Pulse Oximetry: A New Method of Monitoring the Fetus (1994)

Experimental pulse oximetry devices, similar to the existing systems used in adult and neonatal monitoring, can be used on the fetus to provide safe, and rapid information about oxygenation. They have been calibrated using fetal lambs and validated in human cross-sectional studies. Experiments have shown that fetal oxygen saturation decreases during normal labour, and drops after a uterine contraction especially with oxytocin-induced tachysystole. When the mother is given oxygen the fetal oxygen saturation increases. Readings are effected by caput and movement, and trends seem to be more meaningful than absolute values. Pulse oximetry can predict fetal outcome and a normal oxygen saturation result is specific for a good outcome perhaps even if the CTG is abnormal. However the technique is still experimental and there is insufficient data to support its use as a replacement for fetal blood sampling or a discriminator for an abnormal fetal heart trace.
Large and robust resistive switching in co-sputtered Pt-(NiO-Al2O3)-Pt devices (2016)

We have systematically investigated the resistive switching and electroresistance behavior in Pt-[NiO-Al2O3]-Pt (PNAP) capacitor-like structures. The PNAP devices show a large ON-OFF ratio (∼107), which is strongly dependent on the rate of the voltage sweep. Interestingly, the devices exhibit a robust electroresistance behavior in the high resistance OFF state and show an intriguing change of sign of rectification with increasing end voltage. Our direct measurement of the surface temperature of the sample during resistive switching indicates that RESET process is assisted by Joule heating effects. The results are explained on the basis of plausible interplay between Schottky barrier modification due to the trapped charge carriers at the metal–oxide interface and percolation effects of conducting nanofilaments.
Acoustic backscatter properties of the particle/bubble ultrasound contrast agent (1998)

Bubble-based suspensions with diameters in the 1-5 microns range have been developed for use as ultrasound contrast agents. Bubbles of these dimensions have resonance frequencies in the diagnostic ultrasonic range, thus improving their backscatter enhancement capabilities. The durability of these bubbles in the blood stream has been found to be limited, providing impetus for a number of approaches to further stabilize them. One of the approaches has been the development of micrometer-size porous particles or 'nano-sponges' with properties suitable for the entrapment and stabilization of gas bubbles. However, the complex morphology and surface chemistry involved in the production of this type of agent makes it unfeasible to directly measure the volume of the entrained gas. A model based on acoustic scattering principles is proposed which indicates that only a small volume fraction of gas should be necessary to significantly enhance the echogenicity of this type of particle-based contrast agent. In the model, the effective scattering cross-section is evaluated as a function of the volume fraction of gas contained in the overall scatterer and the overall scatterer diameter. Initially, the volume fraction of gas is considered as a discrete entity of single bubble. Using common mixture rules, it is then shown that the gas can be considered to be distributed throughout the particle and still arrive at a result that is similar to that for a single, discrete volume of gas. The main contribution to the increased scattering cross-section is due to the compressibility difference between gas and water. The backscatter coefficient is computed as the product of the resulting differential scattering cross-section and the scatterer number density. This approach facilitates comparison with known backscatter coefficients of biological targets such as liver and blood. Simple experimental results are presented for comparison with the model, and the implications relevant to clinical use are suggested.
The transcription factor Slug represses<i>E-cadherin</i>expression and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transitions: a comparison with Snail and E47 repressors (2002)

Transcriptional repression mechanisms have emerged as one of the crucial processes for the downregulation of E-cadherin expression during development and tumour progression. Recently, several E-cadherin transcriptional repressors have been characterized (Snail, E12/E47, ZEB-1 and SIP-1) and shown to act through an interaction with proximal E-boxes of the E-cadherin promoter. We have analyzed the participation of another member of the Snail family, Slug, and observed that it also behaves as a repressor of E-cadherin expression. Stable expression of Slug in MDCK cells leads to the full repression of E-cadherin at transcriptional level and triggers a complete epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Slug-induced repression of E-cadherin is mediated by its binding to proximal E-boxes, particularly to the E-pal element of the mouse promoter. Detailed analysis of the binding affinity of different repressors to the E-pal element indicates that Slug binds with lower affinity than Snail and E47 proteins. These results, together with the known expression patterns of these factors in embryonic development and carcinoma cell lines, support the idea that the in vivo action of the different factors in E-cadherin repression can be modulated by their relative concentrations as well as by specific cellular or tumour contexts.
Novel fluoro copolymers for 157-nm photoresists: a progress report (2002)

Several fluoro-substituted polymers consisting of acid cleavable methacryoic or cinnamic acid tert.-butyl ester compounds copolymerized with maleic acid anhydride derivatives were synthesized by radical copolymerization. Vacuum ultraviolet transmission measurements of the samples reveal absorbances down to 5micrometers <SUP>-1</SUP> despite of the strongly absorbing anhydride moiety which serves as silylation anchor for the application of the Chemical Amplification of Resist Lines (CARL) process, one of the promising approaches for sub-90nm pattern fabrication. Some of the samples exhibit resolutions down to 110nm dense at 157nm exposure using an alternating phase shift mask. The feasibility of the CARL principle including the silylation reaction after development has been demonstrated with selected fluorinated polymer samples.