gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel zonal UWB receiver with superior performance (2009)

A novel ultra-wide bandwidth receiver structure dubbed the "zonal" receiver is based on the qualitative nature of the probability density function of the multiple access interference. It is proposed for time-hopping ultra-wide bandwidth wireless signal detection in multiple access interference channels. In ideal free-propagation channels, the zonal receiver always meets or outperforms the conventional matched filter UWB receiver, the recently proposed soft-limiting UWB receiver and its enhanced version, the adaptive threshold soft-limiting UWB receiver. A new Rake receiver design based on the zonal receiver is proposed for signal detection in multipath fading channels. Simulation results and analysis show that this new Rake receiver can achieve larger signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio than the standard matched filter Rake receiver when multipath components are resolvable in UWB channels.
Soft selection combining for terrestrial digital audio broadcasting in the FM band (2001)

Methods of adaptive soft combining and channel decoding are developed to combat the effects of multipath fading and nonuniform interference channels, with particular application to digital reception in hybrid in-band on-channel (HIBOC) digital audio broadcast (DAB) systems in the FM band. These systems transmit near CD quality digital audio and analog FM simultaneously within the same license band, requiring the digital audio to be protected with powerful channel codes and sophisticated decoding algorithms to provide broad coverage under a variety of fading and potentially severe interference conditions created by first adjacent FM stations. In an example HIBOC DAB system, digital transmissions are DQPSK/OFDM modulated in two sidebands of the analog FM host signal, and a complementary punctured pair convolutional (CPPC) inner coding scheme allows for higher diversity benefit than code combining when both sidebands are interference-free as well as full recovery of the audio information when one of the sidebands is severely corrupted by first adjacent interference. For the intermediate cases in which one of the sidebands is partially useful, we demonstrate via simulations that an unmodified receiver designed for a Gaussian channel and corresponding to equal-gain combining performs ineffectively for moderate to high interference levels. Motivated by a clear need for more sophisticated receivers, we examine soft combiners derived from the maximum-likelihood principle and provide simulated performance bounds for the case in which perfect channel parameter estimates are available. We then discuss more practical methods for performing adaptive soft combining and channel decoding, focusing in particular on an appealing soft selection combining technique, based on successive erasures and Viterbi decoding, that requires only coarse estimates of the channel parameters. An outer code used for error concealment may be further utilized to perform the selection function. The performance of this soft selection combining scheme under a variety of interference scenarios is also evaluated via simulation. Further improvements may be obtained with a list Viterbi decoder.
A Semi-Empirical Pressure Drop Model: Part I—Pleated Filters (2008)

Abstract Fundamental fluid dynamics equations and empirical data were used to develop a model capable of estimating pressure drop for flow through a pleated filter. The model was developed through the systematic assessment of 20 different custom-manufactured filters utilizing various configurations of the following design parameters: pleat height, pleat count, media thickness, permeability, and filter housing. A one-to-one correspondence was observed between the model's predictions and 600 pressure drop versus face velocity measurements. The model can be used as a design tool to predict minimum initial pressure drop; maximum filtration area; and preferred media properties with respect to permeability versus thickness, thus allowing the filter's useful life and operational energy cost to be improved. The article serves as the ground work for a larger research effort to model pleated filters and banks of pleated filters as platforms for high-resistance materials such as adsorbent-entrapped media.
Integrated thin-film micropotentiometers (1995)

Integrated micropotentiometers, new devices fabricated with thin-film technology and the micromachining of silicon, have been developed for the accurate determination of ac voltage from 1 to 200 mV at frequencies from audio to 1 MHz and with the potential for higher frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carbon Fiber Aerogel Made from Raw Cotton: A Novel, Efficient and Recyclable Sorbent for Oils and Organic Solvents (2013)

Twisted carbon fiber (TCF) aerogel with good selective sorption is produced in large scale by using raw cotton as the precursor. TCF aerogel shows highly efficient sorption of organic liquids (pump oil: up to 192 times its own weight; chloroform: up to 115 times its own weight). Moreover, it could be regenerated many times without decrease of sorption capacity by distillation, combustion or squeezing, which depends on the type of pollutants.
The one-dimensional camelback potential in the parallel dipole line trap: Stability conditions and finite size effect (2017)

We recently demonstrated a magnetic parallel dipole line (PDL) system that serves as a unique diamagnetic trap with a fascinating one-dimensional camelback potential along its longitudinal axis. The system can be realized with a pair of transversely magnetized cylindrical magnets and a cylindrical graphite rod as the trapped object. We present more detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the finite size effect of the rod and its impact on the stability and oscillation dynamics of the trap. We show that the camelback potential effect only occurs when the length of the PDL system is beyond certain critical length (LC). The length of the trapped rod determines the “effective camelback potential” and is subject to maximum and minimum values for the trap to be stable. Both length and radius of the rod determine the damping dynamics or the quality factor of the oscillator. These characteristics are important for designing the PDL trap system for various sensing applications, for example, we demonstrated a PDL trap gas viscometer system through measurement of the oscillation damping time constant.
Application Of Zone Plates To Alignment In X-Ray Lithography (1983)

Fresnel zone plate patterns, when printed on masks and wafers and suitably illuminated, form images that are useful for alignment in microlithography. These images are observed to be largely unaffected by poor edge definition or by pattern defects arising from variations in processing and linewidth control. This paper describes how these zone plates are used for automatic alignment in x-ray lithography. To obtain high contrast bright images with good signal-to-noise ratio (important in automatic alignment), the zone plates are illuminated with a collimated HeNe laser beam. The images formed at the focus are found to be nearly diffraction limited with diameters determined by the zone plate aperture ratio. With zone plates approximately 100 um in diameter and 300 um focal length, we have observed signal-to-noise ratios better than 20 dB and have been able to obtain position accuracies better than ±0.1 um. Our geometry is chosen so that magnification errors in the mask or wafer up to ~1 um are automatically compensated. A microprocessor-based system that performs all the alignment functions automatically is described.
Passive Levitation in Alternating Magnetic Fields (2003)

In this paper we analyze the stability of a levitated axisymmetric top carrying a system of permanent magnets in an alternating magnetic field. We show that there are stable configurations where the top is stationary, and the alternating magnetic field stabilizes the equilibrium position. We show that one mechanism for achieving stability is to periodically change the coupling between the rotational and translational degrees of freedom.
Novel doubly polymerizable functional norbornene: Its synthesis, reactivity, and macromolecular architectures from a dual cure via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and radical photopolymerization (2006)

Abstract A novel doubly polymerizable functional norbornene, 5‐(methacryloyloxyethylamino carboxylmethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene (NBMOACM), was prepared. The ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of NBMOACM was carried out to prepare polymers with crosslinkable side chains with the Grubbs catalyst. No gel formation occurred during the ROMP of NBMOACM. The 1 H NMR spectrum of poly(NBMOACM) showed broad signals between 5.10 and 5.40 ppm, corresponding to the vinyl protons of the cis and trans double bonds of the ring‐opened polymer. Increasing the ratio of the monomer concentration to the catalyst concentration resulted in the formation of higher molecular weight polymers. Poly(NBMOACM) was incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) [poly(MMA)] to produce AB crosslinked materials. These crosslinked materials [1 wt % poly(NBMOACM), 10% weight loss temperature = 300 °C in air] had higher thermal stability than pure poly(MMA) (10% weight loss temperature = 276 °C in air). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6287–6298, 2006
Top-down attention is facilitati ve, but not obligatory, in perceptual learning to reduce sensory eye dominance (2010)

Mutual binocular inhibition is unequal in people with sensory eye dominance (SED). We found SED can be reduced using a Push-Pull perceptual training paradigm where the weak eye was cued before the two eyes were stimulated with a pair of orthogonal gratings (Xu et al, Neurosci. Abst, 2009). The pre-cueing ensured the grating in the weak eye was perceived so that the observer could discriminate its orientation, while the strong eye was interocularly suppressed. The impact of the training was limited to the trained retinal location and grating orientation. However it is unknown whether top-down attention, which directs orientation discrimination in the weak eye, is required for the learning. We investigated this by implementing a 10-day Push-Pull training. During the training, two pairs of orthogonal grating discs (vertical/horizontal, 1.25deg, 3cpd, 35cd/m2) simultaneously stimulated two different retinal locations (2 deg from the fovea). While both retinal locations in the weak eye were pre-cued, observers were instructed to attend to and discriminate the grating orientation in one location (attended), and ignore the other (unattended). We found SED gradually reduced with training, both at the attended and unattended locations. This indicates top-down attention is not required for the learning. Top-down attention, however, is facilitative as the reduction in SED was larger at the attended location. The consequences of reduced SED are also evident in two unrelated binocular visual tasks. One, using a binocular rivalry tracking task, we found the predominance of seeing the dominant image in the weak eye was significantly enhanced. The enhanced predominance effect was slightly larger at the attended location than at the unattended location. Two, we found the training caused a similar improvement in stereoacuity at both locations. These findings show that with the Push-Pull training paradigm, top-down attention is not obligatory, but can facilitate perceptual learning.
HLA-G mRNA forms in human trophoblasts and peripheral blood lymphocytes: potential use in prenatal diagnosis. (1994)

HLA-G limited polymorphic gene maps to the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I subregion and encodes the molecule which is the only MHC class I antigen expressed on cytotrophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface. In this tissue, HLA-G primary mRNA is differentially spliced. We have used a sensitive hot start reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique to investigate the expression of HLA-G gene in first trimester trophoblasts and adult peripheral blood cells. PCR amplification with HLA-G primers specific of exon 3 has enabled us to demonstrate a novel alternatively spliced form of HLA-G mRNA present in fetal first trimester trophoblasts and lacking exon 4 (HLA-G4). Cloning the whole PCR product and hybridizing recombinant bacterial colonies with specific probes has permitted evaluation of HLA-G4 vs. full length mRNA frequency at approximately 1:200. Moreover, the presence of HLA-G transcripts was found at a very weak level in adult peripheral blood lymphocytes and equally in B- and T-cell populations. These results are relevant in the context of immune tolerance and in the potential use of HLA-G transcripts as a marker for RT-PCR detection of the fetal cells in maternal as a marker for RT-PCR detection of the fetal cells in maternal blood.
Mechanical properties of MgB<sub>2</sub>superconducting wires fabricated by internal Mg diffusion process (2012)

Mechanical properties of MgB2 monocore superconducting wires fabricated by an internal Mg diffusion (IMD) process and a powder-in-tube (PIT) process were investigated. The uniaxial tensile strain dependence of critical current (Ic) and the transverse compressive stress dependence of Ic were investigated at 4.2 K, 10 T. The IMD-processed MgB2 wire showed a large irreversibility tensile strain limit (irr = 0.67%) and transverse compressive stress tolerance of 206 MPa, whereas the PIT-processed wire had 0.51% and 160 MPa. Furthermore, the tensile strain sensitivity of Ic for the IMD-MgB2 wire was smaller than that for the PIT-MgB2 wire. Consequently, mechanical properties of IMD-processed MgB2 superconducting wires are better than those of PIT-processed wires.
High-throughput dynamic BH3 profiling may quickly and accurately predict effective therapies in solid tumors (2020)

Despite decades of effort, the sensitivity of patient tumors to individual drugs is often not predictable on the basis of molecular markers alone. Therefore, unbiased, high-throughput approaches to match patient tumors to effective drugs, without requiring a priori molecular hypotheses, are critically needed. Here, we improved upon a method that we previously reported and developed called high-throughput dynamic BH3 profiling (HT-DBP). HT-DBP is a microscopy-based, single-cell resolution assay that enables chemical screens of hundreds to thousands of candidate drugs on freshly isolated tumor cells. The method identifies chemical inducers of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling, a mechanism of cell death. HT-DBP requires only 24 hours of ex vivo culture, which enables a more immediate study of fresh primary tumor cells and minimizes adaptive changes that occur with prolonged ex vivo culture. Effective compounds identified by HT-DBP induced tumor regression in genetically engineered and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of breast cancer. We additionally found that chemical vulnerabilities changed as cancer cells expanded ex vivo. Furthermore, using PDX models of colon cancer and resected tumors from colon cancer patients, our data demonstrated that HT-DBP could be used to generate personalized pharmacotypes. Thus, HT-DBP appears to be an ex vivo functional method with sufficient scale to simultaneously function as a companion diagnostic, therapeutic personalization, and discovery tool.
Coupling of transient near infrared photonic with magnetic nanoparticle for potential dissipation-free biomedical application in brain (2016)

Combined treatment strategies based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with near infrared ray (NIR) biophotonic possess tremendous potential for non-invasive therapeutic approach. Nonetheless, investigations in this direction have been limited to peripheral body region and little is known about the potential biomedical application of this approach for brain. Here we report that transient NIR exposure is dissipation-free and has no adverse effect on the viability and plasticity of major brain cells in the presence or absence superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The 808 nm NIR laser module with thermocouple was employed for functional studies upon NIR exposure to brain cells. Magnetic nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic laser scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Brain cells viability and plasticity were analyzed using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system, cytotoxicity evaluation, and confocal microscopy. When efficacious non-invasive photobiomodulation and neuro-therapeutical targeting and monitoring to brain remain a formidable task, the discovery of this dissipation-free, transient NIR photonic approach for brain cells possesses remarkable potential to add new dimension.
Kainate receptors are critical for Th2 immune responses in allergic disease (HYP7P.286) (2014)

Abstract Asthma is a complex disease in which many cell types play a pathogenic role. The asthmatic response requires T cells to make appropriate cytokines, B cells to make antigen specific IgE, mast cells to bind IgE and react upon subsequent antigen encounter, and lung cells to respond to MC derived mediators. To date there have been no pharmacologic interventions that can address all of these aspects of the disease, thus polytherapy is the norm. A serendipitous discovery made in our laboratory led to the pivotal finding that kainate receptors (KARs) are present in the immune system. In our hands, an antagonist of this receptor was shown to strongly inhibit polyclonal IgE production in in vitro human cultures. We have extended these studies to demonstrate that in the murine in vitro system, the KAR is also critical for the in vitro production of IgE and that signaling through this receptor also leads to increased ADAM10 activity, production of soluble CD23 release, and subsequent IgE production. Furthermore, we determined in vivo relevance for this receptor. Mice deficient in the KAR post antigen challenge produce significantly less antigen specific IgE and mucus production in a house dust mite (HDM) model of allergic asthma. Interestingly, these mice have normal Th1 immune response upon challenge with Ova/CFA. Thus, KARs may serve as an innovative specific pharmacological target for the treatment of asthma and other IgE mediated disease.
Histology validation of mapping depth-resolved cardiac fiber orientation in fresh mouse heart using optical polarization tractography (2014)

Myofiber organization in cardiac muscle plays an important role in achieving normal mechanical and electrical heart functions. An imaging tool that can reveal microstructural details of myofiber organization is valuable for both basic research and clinical applications. A high-resolution optical polarization tractography (OPT) was recently developed based on Jones matrix optical coherence tomography (JMOCT). In this study, we validated the accuracy of using OPT for measuring depth-resolved fiber orientation in fresh heart samples by comparing directly with histology images. Systematic image processing algorithms were developed to register OPT with histology images. The pixel-wise differences between the two tractographic results were analyzed in details. The results indicate that OPT can accurately image depth-resolved fiber orientation in fresh heart tissues and reveal microstructural details at the histological level.
Multi-channel RoF signal generation using a reciprocating optical modulator (2010)

We propose a novel multi-channel radio-on-fiber signal generation technique, using a reciprocating optical modulator. Each component can be individually modulated by a millimeter-wave.
Synthesis of new generation triazolyl- and isoxazolyl-containing 6-nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazooxazoles as anti-TB agents: in vitro, structure–activity relationship, pharmacokinetics and in vivo evaluation (2015)

The nitroimidazole scaffold has attracted great interest in the last decade, which ultimately led to the discovery of the successful drug Delamanid for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Herein, we report medicinal chemistry on a 6-nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazooxazole (NHIO) scaffold with SAR on the novel series of triazolyl- and isoxazolyl-based NHIO compounds. In the present study, 41 novel triazolyl- and isoxazolyl-based NHIO compounds were synthesized and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv. The active compounds with MIC of 0.57-0.13 μM were further screened against dormant, as well as against resistant strains of MTB. Based on the overall in vitro profile, five compounds were studied for in vivo oral pharmacokinetics, wherein two compounds: 1g and 2e showed a good PK profile. In in vivo efficacy studies in the intra-nasal model of acute infection, 1g showed 1.8 and 1 log CFU reduction with respect to the untreated and early control, respectively. The lead compound 1g also showed an additive to synergistic effect in combination studies with first line-TB drugs and no CYP inhibition. From the present studies, the compound 1g represents another alternative lead candidate in this class and needs further detailed investigation.
α-1,4-Glucan lyase-producing endophyte of Gracilariopsis sp. (Rhodophyta) from China (2000)

Purification of α-1,4-glucan lyase from red algae and fungi has previously been reported. The α-glucan lyase converts α-glucans to 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose. In this study, an endophyte was detected between the algal cells of Gracilariopsis sp., but not penetrating the cell walls. Histological staining was consistent with the endophyte being fungal and immunohistochemistry revealed that it possessed an α-1,4-glucan lyase differing from that of the host. The endophyte α-glucan lyase was recognized by antisera against both fungal and red algal α-glucan lyases, whereas the α-glucan lyase found in the algal tissue was recognized only by the antisera against algal α-glucan lyase. The lyases occur independently in the host and in the endophyte, and were sometimes detected simultaneously. The endophyte was only observed in Gracilariopsis sp. collected in China; no endophyte could be detected in Gracilariopsis sp. from California or in Gracilaria chilensis.
ARTiFACIAL (2003)

Web services designed for human users are being abused by computer programs (bots). The bots steal thousands of free email accounts in a minute; participate in online polls to skew results; and irritate people by joining online chat rooms. These real-world issues have recently generated a new research area called Human Interactive Proofs (HIP), whose goal is to defend services from malicious attacks by differentiating bots from human users. In this paper, we propose a new HIP algorithm based on detecting human face and facial features. Human faces are the most familiar object to humans, rendering it possibly the best candidate for HIP. We conducted user studies and showed the ease of use of our system to human users. We designed attacks using the best existing face detectors and demonstrated the difficulty to bots.
Signal Properties of CD, CD-R and CD-RW Compatible DVD-RAM Pickup (1998)

We describe techniques that have been used to realize a CD, CD-R and CD-RW compatible DVD-RAM pickup. One objective lens having two aspherical surfaces can be used to read both DVDs and CDs. Chromatic aberration of beam shaping prism which resulted from reading/writing laser power change can be corrected by combining two prisms. And a holographic optical element (HOE) can be used to reduce push-pull tracking offset by detector deviation.