gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with exon 8 c-kit gene mutation might occur at extragastric sites and have metastasis-prone nature. (2014)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the human gut. Most sporadic GISTs have somatic gain-of-function mutations of the c-kit gene. The mutations are frequently found at exon 11, sometimes at exon 9 and rarely at exon 13 or 17. Recently, exon 8 c-kit gene mutations were reported in very minor proportion of sporadic GISTs. We also found 3 GISTs with exon 8 c-kit gene mutations in approximately 1,000 sporadic GISTs examined. In the present report, we showed the clinicopathological data of those GISTs. One case had a deletion of codon 419 of aspartate, and 2 cases had a substitution of 3 amino acids of codon 417 to codon 419 to tyrosine. The former was the same mutation recently reported in 2 GIST cases, but the latter has not been reported in any GISTs. All three cases occurred at extragastric sites and two of three showed distant metastasis. Since the remaining case was regarded as high risk for recurrence, imatinib adjuvant treatment has been done without evidence of metastasis. Our results confirmed the idea that exon 8 mutations are minor but actually existing abnormalities in sporadic GISTs, and suggested that such GISTs have a feature of extragastric development and a metastasis-prone nature. Since the exon 8 mutations appeared to be really sensitive to imatinib as shown in the present case study, accurate genotyping including exon 8 of the c-kit gene is necessary in GISTs to predict response to imatinib in both the unresectable/metastatic and adjuvant settings.
Perception of the [m]–[n] distinction in CV syllables (1986)

The contribution of the nasal murmur and the vocalic formant transitions to perception of the [m]–[n] distinction in utterance-initial position preceding [i,a,u] was investigated, extending the recent work of Kurowski and Blumstein [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 383–390 (1984)]. A variety of waveform-editing procedures were applied to syllables produced by six different talkers. Listeners’ judgments of the edited stimuli confirmed that the nasal murmur makes a significant contribution to place of articulation perception. Murmur and transition information appeared to be integrated at a genuinely perceptual, not an abstract cognitive, level. This was particularly evident in [−i] context, where only the simultaneous presence of murmur and transition components permitted accurate place of articulation identification. The perceptual information seemed to be purely relational in this case. It also seemed to be context specific, since the spectral change from the murmur to the vowel onset did not follow an invariant pattern across front and back vowels.
Functions and regulation of quorum-sensing in Agrobacterium tumefaciens (2014)

In Agrobacterium tumefaciens, horizontal transfer and vegetative replication of oncogenic Ti plasmids involve a cell-to-cell communication process called quorum-sensing (QS). The determinants of the QS-system belong to the LuxR/LuxI class. The LuxI-like protein TraI synthesizes N-acyl-homoserine lactone molecules which act as diffusible QS-signals. Beyond a threshold concentration, these molecules bind and activate the LuxR-like transcriptional regulator TraR, thereby initiating the QS-regulatory pathway. For the last 20 years, A. tumefaciens has stood as a prominent model in the understanding of the LuxR/LuxI type of QS systems. A number of studies also unveiled features which are unique to A. tumefaciens QS, some of them being directly related to the phytopathogenic lifestyle of the bacteria. In this review, we will present the current knowledge of QS in A. tumefaciens at both the genetic and molecular levels. We will also describe how interactions with plant host modulate the QS pathway of A. tumefaciens, and discuss what could be the advantages for the agrobacteria to use such a tightly regulated QS-system to disseminate the Ti plasmids.
Structuring Latent Spaces for Stylized Response Generation (2019)

Xiang Gao, Yizhe Zhang, Sungjin Lee, Michel Galley, Chris Brockett, Jianfeng Gao, Bill Dolan. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Raman microprobe analysis of patterned Tl-2212 thin films (1997)

We have used MicroRaman spectroscopy to evaluate the effects of ion-milling on the exposed edges of patterned Tl/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ (Tl-2212) lines. Raman microprobe has previously been used to evaluate oxygen loss at the edges of patterned YBCO lines. The results indicated that appreciable oxygen loss was caused by ion-milling under certain conditions. oxygen loss at the edges will decrease non-uniformly the effective width of the superconducting line. This can, in turn, impact the electrical characteristics of patterned devices. Using the 633 nm lined of a HeNe laser, we have measured the Raman spectrum scanning across patterned and unpatterned regions of several Tl-2212 films with a mapping stage. It is well known that the Raman peak at /spl ap/497 cm/sup -1/ corresponds to the Cu-O(2) stretching mode and is correlated with the superconducting transition temperature of the material. No appreciable variation in the center frequency of the Cu-O(2) peak was observed indicating thallium cuprate films are not degraded by our patterning process, even at the edges. Variations in the power handling of Tl-2212 co-planar lines, as determined by measurement of the Third Order Intercept, were not correlated with the Raman results.
Determining Petrophysical Properties of Low Resistivity Reservoirs Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logs (1999)

Abstract The combination of conventional logs such as density, neutron and resistivity logs is proven to be very effective in the evaluation of normal reservoirs. An accurate determination of the petrophysical parameters with the conventional logs for low resistivity reservoirs is very difficult. This paper presents the two cases of low resistivity reservoirs and low contrast resistivity reservoirs. The problem of these reservoirs is that conventional logging interpretation shows water zones, but water free hydrocarbon would be produced. In the case of low resistivity contrast reservoirs it is very hard to determine water hydrocarbon contact with resistivity logs. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been only available as a supplement tool, to provide additional information on the producibility of the reservoir. The main limitation of NMR, however, has been the cost and time of acquiring data. This paper shows that in the case of low resistivity reservoirs NMR is very cost-effective tool and helps to accurately determine the reservoir rock petrophysical properties. In the analysis of NMR data, several aspects of NMR technique have been used; 1) T1/T2 ratio for fluid identification, 2) the difference between NMR derived porosity and total porosity to determine the types of clay minerals, 3) NMR relaxation properties to identify fluids nature and rock properties This paper presents four examples of low resistivity reservoirs. Analysis of NMR data of low resistivity reservoirs has helped to identify the producibility of these zones, to determine lithology independent porosity and to distinguish between bound and free water. For the case of low contrast resistivity reservoir where there was little resistivity contrast between water bearing formation and oil bearing formation, NMR has been able to identify the fluid nature of the two formations and then accurately the height of the oil column. This was based mainly on high contrast of NMR relaxation parameters.
Anti-idiotypic Antibody to the V3 Domain of gp120 Binds to Vimentin: A Possible Role of Intermediate Filaments in the Early Steps of HIV-1 Infection Cycle (1996)

Although the CD4 molecule is the major cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), several lines of evidence suggest participation of additional molecules that are engaged after the binding of HIV to the CD4 receptor and that may facilitate viral entry into the target cell. Some of the post-CD4 binding, perfusion events involve the third hypervariable region (V3 loop) of the viral envelope protein gp120. To identify cellular proteins that interact with the V3 loop, we chose as a probe an antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody (MAb), anti-id2, which was prepared against the neutralizing MAb 110.4 that binds the V3 domain in the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of the LAI isolate of HIV-1. Anti-id2 reacted specifically with a 55- to 60-kDa protein in human T cell and monocytoid cell lines, and in a mouse melanoma cell line. This protein was identified immunologically and by protein sequence analysis as vimentin, an intermediate filament protein of lymphoid and other cells of mesodermal origin. Antiserum raised against vimentin inhibited nuclear translocation of HIV-1 DNA following infection of monocytes and CD4+ T cells with live virus, and reduced the amount of HIV-1 gag-specific RNA in the nuclei of monocytes following inoculation with HIV-1 pseudovirions. These data suggest that vimentin may participate in the early steps of HIV-1 replication, perhaps during the uptake of HIV-1 preintegration complexes into the nuclear compartment.
UV/Ozone Cleaning of Surfaces (1986)

The ultraviolet (UV)/ozone cleaning procedure is shown to be an effective method of rapidly removing a variety of contaminants from surfaces. It is a simple-to-use dry process which is inexpensive to set up and operate. It can produce · clean surfaces in air, at ambient temperatures. The experiments were performed on quartz and metal surfaces. The contaminants which were successfully removed include oils and greases (including silicones), fluxes, skin oils, and contamination adsorbed during prolonged exposure to air. The experiments were aimed at defining the variables and determining the optimum conditions for producing clean surfaces by UV irradiation. The important variables are: the contaminants initially present, the precleaning procedure, the wavelengths emitted by the UV source, the atmosphere between the source and sample, the distance between the source and' sample, and the time of exposure. For surfaces which are properly precleaned and placed within a few millimeters of an ozone-producing UV source, the process can consistently produce a clean surface in less than 1 rain. Experiments performed with two low-pressure mercury discharge UV sources, one which generates ozone and one which does not, indicate that the combination of short-wave UV light plus ozone produces a clean surface substantially faster than either short-wave UV light without ozone or ozone without UV light.
Consideration of handy excitation apparatus for the inductive hyperthermia (2001)

Hyperthermia is one of the therapeutic techniques for cancer that attempts to necrotize cancer cells by heating. In this study, we examine a device based on handy circular excitation coils and hybrid heaters for high-temperature hyperthermia using the soft heating method.
Coculture Fermentations of<i>Bifidobacterium</i>Species and<i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i>Reveal a Mechanistic Insight into the Prebiotic Effect of Inulin-Type Fructans (2009)

Four bifidobacteria, each representing a cluster of strains with specific inulin-type-fructan degradation capacities, were grown in coculture fermentations with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron LMG 11262, a strain able to metabolize both oligofructose and inulin. In a medium for colon bacteria with inulin as the sole added energy source, the ability of the bifidobacteria to compete for this substrate reflected phenotypical variation. Bifidobacterium breve Yakult, a strain that was not able to degrade oligofructose or inulin, was outcompeted by B. thetaiotaomicron LMG 11262. Bifidobacterium adolescentis LMG 10734, a strain that could degrade oligofructose (displaying a preferential breakdown mechanism) but that did not grow on inulin, managed to become competitive when oligofructose and short fractions of inulin started to accumulate in the fermentation medium. Bifidobacterium angulatum LMG 11039(T), a strain that was previously shown to degrade all oligofructose fractions simultaneously and to be able to partially break down inulin, was competitive from the beginning of the fermentation, consuming short fractions of inulin from the moment they appeared. Bifidobacterium longum LMG 11047, representing a cluster of bifidobacteria that shared both high fructose consumption and oligofructose degradation rates and were able to perform partial breakdown of inulin, was the dominating strain in a coculture with B. thetaiotaomicron LMG 11262. These observations indicate that distinct subgroups within the large-intestinal Bifidobacterium population will be stimulated by different groups of prebiotic inulin-type fructans, a variation that could be reflected in differences concerning their health-promoting effects.
Thrombolytic properties of an inactive proenzyme form of human urokinase secreted from human kidney cells. (1985)

The relative fibrin-binding, fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic properties of single-chain pro-urokinase, an inactive proenzyme form of human urokinase purified from cultured human kidney cells, and urokinase were compared. The affinity of single-chain pro-urokinase for fibrin was much higher than that of urokinase. In Vitro thrombolytic studies showed that single-chain pro-urokinase is approximately three times more potent in fibrinolysis than urokinase and that it does not degrade fibrinogen in the plasma at a concentration, at which complete plasma clot lysis takes place; whereas, urokinase extensively degrades the fibrinogen in the plasma. These specific, potent thrombolytic properties of single-chain pro-urokinase seem to be due to its high affinity for fibrin and to its conversion from the inactive single-chain form to the active two-chain form on the thrombus by the catalytic amount of plasmin generated during coagulation. This single-chain pro-urokinase obtained from human kidney cells by tissue culture should prove advantageous than urokinase in thrombolytic therapy.
Viability of pattern shift for defect-free extreme ultraviolet lithography photomasks (2016)

Several challenges hinder extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) photomask fabrication and its readiness for high-volume manufacturing (HVM). The lack in availability of pristine defect-free blanks as well as the absence of a robust mask repair technique mandates defect mitigation through pattern shift for the production of defect-free photomasks. By using known defect locations on a blank, the mask design can be intentionally shifted to avoid patterning directly over a defect. The work presented here provides a comprehensive look at pattern shift implementation to intersect EUV HVM for the 7-nm technology node (N7). An empirical error budget to compensate for various measurement errors, based on the latest HVM inspection and write tool capabilities, is first established and then verified postpatterning. The validated error budget is applied to 20 representative EUV blanks and pattern shift is performed using fully functional N7 chip designs that were recently used to fabricate working silicon–germanium devices. Probability of defect-free masks are explored for various N7 photomask levels, including metal, contact, and gate cut layers. From these results, an assessment is made on the current viability of defect-free EUV masks and what is required to construct a complete defect-free EUV mask set.
Sams Teach Yourself Microsoft FrontPage 2002 in 24 Hours (1999)

From the Publisher:
Microsoft FrontPage is one of the most popular tools for creating Web pages and sites. It is particularly appealing to beginning and intermediate-level users who don't necessarily want to have to be experts in HTML or JavaScript in order to create a professional-looking Web site. Most users want to quickly learn only the most common, most important tasks involved in creating simple, well-designed Web sites. Written by the popular author, Rogers Cadenhead, Sams Teach Yourself Microsoft FrontPage in 24 Hours is designed precisely for this beginning-level user - somebody who doesn't want to become a FrontPage expert but just wants to get a Web site up as quickly and as smoothly as possible. The book covers the FrontPage features and techniques that are likely to be used on a beginner's Web page, and it is organized in a logical step-by-step order that reflects the natural progression a new Web page author will follow in developing a Web site with FrontPage.
A Max-Sum algorithm for training discrete neural networks (2015)

We present an efficient learning algorithm for the problem of training neural networks with discrete synapses, a well-known hard (NP-complete) discrete optimization problem. The algorithm is a variant of the so-called Max-Sum (MS) algorithm. In particular, we show how, for bounded integer weights with $q$ distinct states and independent concave a priori distribution (e.g. $l_{1}$ regularization), the algorithm's time complexity can be made to scale as $O\left(N\log N\right)$ per node update, thus putting it on par with alternative schemes, such as Belief Propagation (BP), without resorting to approximations. Two special cases are of particular interest: binary synapses $W\in\{-1,1\}$ and ternary synapses $W\in\{-1,0,1\}$ with $l_{0}$ regularization. The algorithm we present performs as well as BP on binary perceptron learning problems, and may be better suited to address the problem on fully-connected two-layer networks, since inherent symmetries in two layer networks are naturally broken using the MS approach.
Synthesis and characterization of the biodegradable polycaprolactone‐graft‐chitosan amphiphilic copolymers (2006)

A novel synthetic approach to biodegradable amphiphilic copolymers based on poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan was presented, and the prepared copolymers were used to prepare nanoparticles successfully. The PCL-graft-chitosan copolymers were synthesized by coupling the hydroxyl end-groups on preformed PCL chains and the amino groups present on 6-O-triphenylmethyl chitosan and by removing the protective 6-O-triphenylmethyl groups in acidic aqueous solution. The PCL content in the copolymers can be controlled in the range of 10-90 wt %. The graft copolymers were thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and DSC. The nanoparticles made from the graft copolymers were investigated by 1H NMR, DLS, AFM and SEM measurements. It was found that the copolymers could form spherical or elliptic nanoparticles in water. The amount of available primary amines on the surface of the prepared nanoparticles was evaluated by ninhydrin assay, and it can be controlled by the grafting degree of PCL.
Recent developments in SiC single-crystal electronics (1992)

The present paper is an analytical review of the last five or six years of research and development in SiC. It outlines the major achievements in single crystal growth and device technology. Electrical performance of SiC devices designed during these years and some new trends in SiC electronics are also discussed. During the 1980s the studies on sublimation and liquid-phase epitaxial growth of SiC single crystal were continued successfully. At that time, such methods as chemical vapour deposition, thermal oxidation, 'dry' plasma etching and ion implantation which yielded good results with silicon, came into use. As a result of the technological progress, discrete devices appeared, which incorporated the potential advantages of SiC as a wide bandgap material. Among these were high temperature (500-600 degrees C) rectifier diodes and field-effect transistors, high efficiency light-emitting diodes for the short-wave region of the visible spectrum, and detectors of ultraviolet radiation. It should be stressed that the devices were of commercial quality and could be applied in various fields (control systems of automobile engines, aerospace apparatus, geophysical equipment, colour displays in information systems, etc.). The developments in technology and the promising results of research on electrical performance of the devices already available give hope that in the near future SiC may become the basic material for power microwave devices, and for thermo- and radiation-resistant integrated circuits. This process can be stimulated by further perfection of single-crystal substrates of large area, by development of stable high temperature ohmic contacts, micro- and heterostructures.
Subphthalocyanines:  Singular Nonplanar Aromatic CompoundsSynthesis, Reactivity, and Physical Properties (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubphthalocyanines: Singular Nonplanar Aromatic CompoundsSynthesis, Reactivity, and Physical PropertiesChristian G. Claessens, David González-Rodríguez, and Tomás TorresView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica (C−I), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3, 835–854Publication Date (Web):February 19, 2002Publication History Received13 August 2001Published online19 February 2002Published inissue 1 March 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0101454https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0101454research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5900Altmetric-Citations555LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Boron,Phthalocyanine,Substituents,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Sharing Hierarchical Mobile Multimedia Content Using the MobiTOP System (2009)

We introduce MobiTOP (mobile tagging of objects and people), a map-based application which allows users to contribute and share geo-referenced multimedia annotations via mobile devices. An important feature of MobiTOP is that annotations are hierarchical, allowing annotations to be annotated to an arbitrary depth. MobiTOPpsilas interface was designed using a participatory design methodology to ensure that the user interface meets the needs of potential users. In an evaluation, a group of student-teachers involved in a geographical field study were tasked to collaboratively identify rock formations using the MobiTOP system. The students who were in the field were guided by their lab counterparts on the tasks required to identify the rock formations. Results suggest the potential of the MobiTOP system for information sharing.