gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A general markov framework for page importance computation (2009)

We propose a General Markov Framework for computing page importance. Under the framework, a Markov Skeleton Process is used to model the random walk conducted by the web surfer on a given graph. Page importance is then defined as the product of page reachability and page utility, which can be computed from the transition probability and the mean staying time of the pages in the Markov Skeleton Process respectively. We show that this general framework can cover many existing algorithms as its special cases, and that the framework can help us define new algorithms to handle more complex problems. In particular, we demonstrate the use of the framework with the exploitation of a new process named Mirror Semi-Markov Process. The experimental results validate that the Mirror Semi-Markov Process model is more effective than previous models in several tasks.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tungsten Alkylidene and Alkylidyne Complexes Supported by a New Pyrrolide-Centered Trianionic ONO<sup>3–</sup> Pincer-Type Ligand (2013)

Synthetic protocols for a pyrrolide-centered ONO3– trianionic pincer-type ligand are presented. Treating (tBuO)3W≡CtBu with the proligand [pyr-ONO]H3 (2) results in the formation of the trianionic pincer alkylidene complex [pyr-ONO]W═CHtBu(OtBu) (3). Addition of a mild base to complex 3 provides the trianionic pincer alkylidyne complex {MePPh3}{[pyr-ONO]W≡CtBu(OtBu)} (4). All new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, combustion analysis, and, in the case of complex 4, single-crystal X-ray crystallography. DFT calculations performed on 4 provide insight into its electronic structure and indicate that the HOMO is ligand-based and localized on the pyrrolide π orbitals.
Cultivated Corneal Endothelial Transplantation in a Primate: Possible Future Clinical Application in Corneal Endothelial Regenerative Medicine (2008)

Cultivated MCECs become attached to the transplanted eye and maintain a clear cornea < or =2 years postoperatively, suggesting that corneal endothelial cells of primates might have proliferative ability in vivo once they have been cultured and proliferated in vitro. Our monkey model constitutes an important step forward for regenerative medicine with possible future application in patients with corneal endothelial dysfunction.
Quantitative Analysis Of Lung Texture For Computer-Aided Diagnosis Of Interstitial Disease In Digital Chest Radiographs (1988)

We have employed physical measures of lung texture in an automated method of detecting and characterizing interstitial lung disease in digital chest radiographs. In addition, by using an analysis of these measures relative to an accumulated data base, we have devised an automated classification method for distinguishing between normal lungs and abnormal lungs with interstitial disease. Our results suggest that this computerized method can be a valuable aid to radiologists in their assessment of interstitial lung infiltrates.
A rapid, automated flow cytometric method to measure activated degranulated platelets by density determination (2003)

Platelet activation is reported to correlate with acute coronary syndromes. A platelet analysis method on the ADVIA 120 Hematology System provides rapid analysis of platelet density, reported as mean platelet component (MPC) concentration, utilizes routine hematology specimens, requires no pre-treatment, and thirty seconds to generate results. Sub-populations of platelets separated by density gradients showed excellent correlation with the ADVIA 120 MPC parameter (r = 0.997). Platelet activation induced by thrombin treatment resulted in a shift of platelets into the lowest density fraction (d</=1.068 g/mL) with a corresponding reduction in MPC from 24.7 to 20.6 g/dL, N = 4 subjects (p < 0.004). There was also excellent correlation between expression of CD62P measured by fluorescence flow cytometry and the ADVIA 120 Hematology System MPC values (r = 0.85). These results indicate that the ADVIA 120 MPC parameter may be a useful new test for assessing activated platelets and platelet density.
SideBySide (2012)

SideBySide is a system designed for ad-hoc multi-user interaction with handheld projectors. SideBySide does not require instrumentation of the environment and can be used almost anywhere. This paper examines the diverse ways that children interact with SideBySide when playing interactive games. Observations from a preliminary user study are presented along with quantitative evaluation of the SideBySide tracking approach.
Enzyme evolution in fungal indole alkaloid biosynthesis (2020)

The class of fungal indole alkaloids containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring is comprised of diverse molecules that display a range of biological activities. While much interest has been garnered due to their therapeutic potential, this class of molecules also displays unique chemical functionality, making them intriguing synthetic targets. Many elegant and intricate total syntheses have been developed to generate these alkaloids, but the selectivity required to produce them in high yield presents great barriers. Alternatively, if we can understand the molecular mechanisms behind how fungi make these complex molecules, we can leverage the power of nature to perform these chemical transformations. Here, we describe the various studies regarding the evolutionary development of enzymes involved in fungal indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
Exact (spiral+circles) scan region-of-interest cone beam reconstruction via backprojection (2000)

We present a (spiral + circles) scan cone beam reconstruction algorithm in which image reconstruction proceeds via backprojection in the object space. In principle, the algorithm can reconstruct sectional region-of-interest (ROI) in a long object. The approach is a generalization of the cone beam backprojection technique developed by Kudo and Saito in two aspects: the resource-demanding normalization step in the Kudo and Saito's algorithm is eliminated through the technique of data combination that we published earlier, and the elimination of the restriction that the detector be big enough to capture the entire cone beam projection of the ROI. Restricting the projection data to the appropriate angular range required by data combination can be accomplished by a masking process. Because of the simplification resulting from the elimination of the normalization step, the most time-consuming operations of the algorithm can be approximated by the efficient step of line-by-line ramp filtering the cone beam image in the direction of the scan path, plus a correction image. The correction image, which can be computed exactly, is needed because data combination is not properly matched at the mask boundary when ramp filtering is involved. Empirical two-dimensional (2-D) point spread function (PSF) is developed to improve matching with the correction image which is computed with finite samplings. The use of transition region to further improve matching is introduced. The results of testing the algorithm on simulated phantoms are presented.
Optical fiducial timing system for x-ray streak cameras (1986)

An optical fiducial timing system is provided for use with interdependent groups of x-ray streak cameras. The aluminium coated ends of optical fibers are positioned with the photocathodes of the x-ray streak cameras. The other ends of the optical fibers are placed together in a bundled array. A fiducial optical signal, that is comprised of 2..omega.. or 1..omega.. laser light, after introduction to the bundled array, travels to the aluminum coated optical fiber ends and ejects quantities of electrons that are recorded on the data recording media of the x-ray streak cameras. Since both 2..omega.. and 1..omega.. laser light can travel long distances in optical fiber with only a slight attenuation, the initial arial power density of the fiducial optical signal is well below the damage threshold of the fused silica or other material that comprises the optical fibers. Thus the fiducial timing system can be repeatably used over long durations of time.
Miscibility of poly(vinyl acetate) and vinyl acetate‐ethylene copolymers with styrene‐acrylic acid and acrylate‐acrylic acid copolymers (1995)

Abstract Poly(vinyl acetate) and vinyl acetate‐ethylene (VAE) copolymers compose one of the more important polymeric materials, widely employed in coating and adhesive applications. A new class of miscible polymer blends involving poly(vinyl acetate) and VAE with styrene‐acrylic acid and acrylate‐acrylic acid copolymers has been found. Experimental windows of miscibility as a function of the ethylene content for VAE copolymers and the acrylic acid content of the acrylate‐acrylic acid copolymers are observed (acrylate = methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n ‐butyl acrylate, and 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate). Employing well‐established analog heat of mixing measurements, predicted windows of miscibility were compared with experimental results. Fair qualitative agreement was observed and supported the hypothesis that specific rejection arguments can be employed to explain the observed miscibility. Failure to quantitatively predict miscibility based on the analog heat of mixing measurements may be due to the higher association tendencies of the model compounds relative to acrylic acid units in the high molecular weight polymers. No miscible combinations were found for methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid copolymers or acrylate‐methacrylic acid copolymers in admixture with poly(vinyl acetate) or the VAE copolymers, thus indicating the sensitivity of phase behavior to minor structural changes. VAE (30 wt % ethylene) copolymers were also noted to be miscible with several polymers previously noted to be miscible with poly(vinyl acetate), namely, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(ethylene oxide), and nitrocellulose. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Polypharmacy through Phage Display: Selection of Glucagon and GLP-1 Receptor Co-agonists from a Phage-Displayed Peptide Library (2018)

A promising emerging area for the treatment of obesity and diabetes is combinatorial hormone therapy, where single-molecule peptides are rationally designed to integrate the complementary actions of multiple endogenous metabolically-related hormones. We describe here a proof-of-concept study on developing unimolecular polypharmacy agents through the use of selection methods based on phage-displayed peptide libraries (PDL). Co-agonists of the glucagon (GCG) and GLP-1 receptors were identified from a PDL sequentially selected on GCGR- and GLP1R-overexpressing cells. After two or three rounds of selection, 7.5% of randomly picked clones were GLP1R/GCGR co-agonists, and a further 1.53% were agonists of a single receptor. The phages were sequenced and 35 corresponding peptides were synthesized. 18 peptides were potent co-agonists, 8 of whom showed EC<sub>50</sub> ≤ 30 pM on each receptor, comparable to the best rationally designed co-agonists reported in the literature. Based on literature examples, two sequences were engineered to stabilize against dipeptidyl peptidase IV cleavage and prolong the in vivo half-life: the engineered peptides were comparably potent to the parent peptides on both receptors, highlighting the potential use of phage-derived peptides as therapeutic agents. The strategy described here appears of general value for the discovery of optimized polypharmacology paradigms across several metabolically-related hormones.
Fine-scale mapping of a locus for severe bipolar mood disorder on chromosome 18p11.3 in the Costa Rican population (2001)

We have searched for genes predisposing to bipolar disorder (BP) by studying individuals with the most extreme form of the affected phenotype, BP-I, ascertained from the genetically isolated population of the Central Valley of Costa Rica (CVCR). The results of a previous linkage analysis on two extended CVCR BP-I pedigrees, CR001 and CR004, and of linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses of a CVCR population sample of BP-I patients implicated a candidate region on 18p11.3. We further investigated this region by creating a physical map and developing 4 new microsatellite and 26 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers for typing in the pedigree and population samples. We report the results of fine-scale association analyses in the population sample, as well as evaluation of haplotypes in pedigree CR001. Our results suggest a candidate region containing six genes but also highlight the complexities of LD mapping of common disorders.
Real-time motion detection in video surveillance using a level set-based energy functional (2007)

This paper presents a real-time motion detection algorithm for surveillance application based on a new level set-based energy functional. The proposed algorithm for minimizing the energy functional combines automatically motion segmentation and denoising operation in real time, and it provides robust and efficient motion detection at various noise levels of image sequences. Experimental results using surveillance camera show that it is very efficient in segmenting moving objects regardless of environment conditions. It has a very low false alarm rate even at night, when relatively few motion occur.
GOALI: Online Dynamic Control of Cooling in Continuous Casting of Thin Steel Slabs (2006)

An online control system is being developed of secondary cooling for continuous casting machines in commercial steel plants, in order to maintain desired temperature setpoints in real time. This is important to optimize the quality of continuous-cast semi-finished steel shapes, which are used for 96% of the 100 million tons of steel produced in the U.S. each year. The system features a fast, accurate transient computer model of heat transfer during the solidification process that serves as a sensor, to provide feedback to a control system. Operating conditions are input from the level 2 automation system and the spray-water flow rates in the secondary cooling zone of the caster are continuously adjusted, in order to maintain the desired temperature profile throughout the steel. The system is being calibrated, using thermocouple and optical temperature sensors, tested and implemented at an operating U.S. thin slab caster. In the second year of this large project, progress has been on several different subprojects. The transient finite difference model, CON1D, has been optimized to run in an online environment and serves as the software sensor. A new control system has been developed using CON1D and has been demonstrated to be capable of stable tracking of the setpoints in real time, using a robust control algorithm that features anti-windup. Testing has shown it outperforms the existing control system used at the steel plant. It is currently being subjected to further rigorous testing under plant conditions. An ambitious experimental program to measure pray cooling coefficients has begun, including a novel induction-heating system that is capable of measuring heat transfer rates at constant surface temperature. Pyrometer measurements have been made at the steel plant to validate the temperature predictions. Finally, related work is proceeding on controlling fluid flow in the mold and in understanding of defect formation, in order to facilitate setpoint generation, so that cracks and other defects can be minimized. Future improvements to this novel model-based control system could revolutionize the control of continuous casting spray systems, with improved steel quality, and will have beneficial impact on related scientific fields and commercial processes.
Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors (2013)

Optical modes of dielectric micro-cavities have received significant attention in recent years for their potential in a broad range of applications. The optical modes are frequently referred to as "whispering gallery modes" (WGM) or "morphology dependent resonances" (MDR) and exhibit high optical quality factors. Some proposed applications of micro-cavity optical resonators are in spectroscopy, micro-cavity laser technology, optical communications as well as sensor technology. The WGM-based sensor applications include those in biology, trace gas detection, and impurity detection in liquids. Mechanical sensors based on microsphere resonators have also been proposed, including those for force, pressure, acceleration and wall shear stress. In the present, we demonstrate a WGM-based electric field sensor, which builds on our previous studies. A candidate application of this sensor is in the detection of neuronal action potential. The electric field sensor is based on polymeric multi-layered dielectric microspheres. The external electric field induces surface and body forces on the spheres (electrostriction effect) leading to elastic deformation. This change in the morphology of the spheres, leads to shifts in the WGM. The electric field-induced WGM shifts are interrogated by exciting the optical modes of the spheres by laser light. Light from a distributed feedback (DFB) laser (nominal wavelength of ~ 1.3 μm) is side-coupled into the microspheres using a tapered section of a single mode optical fiber. The base material of the spheres is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Three microsphere geometries are used: (1) PDMS sphere with a 60:1 volumetric ratio of base-to-curing agent mixture, (2) multi layer sphere with 60:1 PDMS core, in order to increase the dielectric constant of the sphere, a middle layer of 60:1 PDMS that is mixed with varying amounts (2% to 10% by volume) of barium titanate and an outer layer of 60:1 PDMS and (3) solid silica sphere coated with a thin layer of uncured PDMS base. In each type of sensor, laser light from the tapered fiber is coupled into the outermost layer that provides high optical quality factor WGM (Q ~ 10(6)). The microspheres are poled for several hours at electric fields of ~ 1 MV/m to increase their sensitivity to electric field.
Polypeptide from 7S soy globulin alpha' subunit up‐regulates LDL‐receptors in HepG2 cells (2008)

7S soy globulin and its alpha’ subunit have been shown to positively modulate LDL receptor activity and to decrease triglyceride synthesis both in vitro and in vivo . The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a short chain of alpha’ (S‐alpha’) from 7S globulin, on cell cholesterol homeostasis. HepG2 cells were incubated in the presence/absence of alpha’ subunit (3.5.10 −6 M) or the S‐alpha’ at concentration of 10 −5 M and 10 −6 M. A dose‐dependent increase in up‐regulation of LDL‐receptors has been detected in cells exposed to S‐alpha’ vs that found in controls. Moreover, the 125 I‐LDL uptake (+ 192%) and degradation (+ 143%) of cells exposed to the highest dose of S‐alpha’ (8.10 −6 M) were similar to that found in cells incubated with 1 mM simvastatin; these results were confirmed by a dose‐dependent increase in the SREBP2 and LDL‐receptor mRNAs. Hep G2 cells exposed to S‐alpha’ for 24 h showed an increased uptake of fluorescent LDL vs both alpha’ and controls as detected by fluorescence microscopy: the fluorescence intensity was proportional to the amount of LDL uptaked by the cells as confirmed by FACS analysis. These findings open new prospects in the studies aimed at identifying the regulatory peptide/s from soybean proteins and the mechanism/s involved in this biological response, in view of their potential utilization in the management of human lipid disorders. Supported in part by a grant of MIUR of Italy.
Reference part, especially for nondestructive testing by ultrasonic vibrations, and a method for the fabrication of said part (1980)

First Page
The Effect of Random Dopant Fluctuations on Logic Timing at Low Voltage (2011)

In order to achieve ultra-low power (ULP), ICs are being designed for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ≤ 0.5 V. At these low voltages, random dopant fluctuations (RDFs) result in a stochastic component of logic delay that can be comparable to the global corner delay. Moreover, the probability density function (PDF) of this stochastic delay can be highly non-Gaussian. In order to predict the statistical impact of RDF-induced local variations on logic timing, it is necessary to incorporate these effects into a timing closure methodology. This paper presents a computationally efficient methodology for stochastic characterization of standard cell li- braries at low voltage, where the cell delay is a nonlinear function of the transistor random variables (RVs), and the resulting cell delay has a non-Gaussian PDF. It also presents a computation- ally efficient methodology for computing any point on the PDF of a timing path (TP) delay, in the case where cell delays are non-Gaussian. The method is called nonlinear operating point analysis of local variation (NLOPALV). The general NLOPALV theory is developed. It is applied to cell library characterization, and the accuracy of the NLOPALV approach is validated by comparison to Monte Carlo simulation. NLOPALV is also applied to timing path analysis on a 28 nm DSP IC. The approach has been implemented using commercial CAD tools, and integrated into a commercial IC design flow. The NLOPALV approach gives timing results that are within 5% accuracy compared to Monte Carlo analysis at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> = 0.5 V. This compares to errors on the order of 50% when the Gaussian approximation is used.
High Frequency Acceleration Feedback in Wave Variable Telerobotics (2005)

The human hand is very sensitive to the high frequency accelerations produced by tool contact with a hard object, yet most time delayed telerobots neglect this feedback band entirely in order to achieve stability. We present a control architecture that both incorporates this important information and provides the ability to scale and shape it independently of the low frequency force feedback. Leveraging the clean power flows afforded by wave variables, this augmented controller preserves the passivity of any environment that it renders to the user but is not subject to the limitations of being passive itself. This architecture guarantees stability in the presence of communication delay while achieving a level of feedback not possible with a passive controller. We show experimentally that this feedback augmentation and shaping can present a high frequency acceleration profile to the user’s hand that is similar to that experienced by the slave end effector. We anticipate that these natural haptic cues will make teleoperative systems easier to use and thus more widely applicable.
Effects of Different Doses of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Kidney Damage Among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Single-Center Mechanistic Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)

All doses of remote ischemic preconditioning significantly increased [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7] and significantly decreased acute kidney injury compared with controls. High-dose remote ischemic preconditioning could stimulate [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7] increases in patients refractory to low-dose remote ischemic preconditioning.