gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure‐preserving smoothing for 3D seismic attributes (2011)

We present a new data adaptive method for smoothing 3D post‐stacked seismic attributes. This method reduces random noise while preserving structure without prior information of the structure orientation. Our method works by smoothing the data along a set of orientations defined within a neighborhood sub‐window; the best result is then selected for output. The best orientation often approximates the true structure orientation embedded in the data; therefore, the embedded structure is preserved. The selection criterion for the “best” orientation depends on the data type and purpose of maneuver: it can be 1) minimum deviation, and 2) maximum or minimum or absolute‐maximum summation. Our method can be further combined with median, alpha‐trim, symmetric near neighbor, or edge‐preserving filters. Based on preliminary results, our method effectively reduces random noise, eliminates footprints, and enhances coherence and curvature attributes. We also foresee its usage in processing of seismic data, such as to enhance auto‐picking of horizons, first arrivals and refraction events.
TMPRSS2–ERG-Mediated Feed-Forward Regulation of Wild-Type ERG in Human Prostate Cancers (2011)

Recurrent gene fusions involving ETS family genes are a distinguishing feature of human prostate cancers, with TMPRSS2-ERG fusions representing the most common subtype. The TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript and its splice variants are well characterized in prostate cancers; however, not much is known about the levels and regulation of wild-type ERG. By employing an integrative approach, we show that the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion product binds to the ERG locus and drives the overexpression of wild-type ERG in prostate cancers. Knockdown of TMPRSS2-ERG in VCaP cells resulted in the downregulation of wild-type ERG transcription, whereas stable overexpression of TMPRSS2-ERG in the gene fusion-negative PC3 cells was associated with the upregulation of wild-type ERG transcript. Further, androgen signaling-mediated upregulation of TMPRSS2-ERG resulted in the concomitant upregulation of wild-type ERG transcription in VCaP cells. The loss of wild-type ERG expression was associated with a decrease in the invasive potential of VCaP cells. Importantly, 38% of clinically localized prostate cancers and 27% of metastatic prostate cancers harboring the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions exhibited overexpression of wild-type ERG. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the regulation of ERG in human prostate cancers.
Axial Species Densities in 175-Watt Sodium-Scandium Metal Halide Lamps (1978)

In this study, the axial species density profiles of sodium, scandium and thorium in 175-watt metal halide lamps that incorporate the iodides of sodium and scandium in the arc tube fill are determined. The effect of some additional lamp additives are noted. Both sodium and scandium species are found to be segregated, with the lowest sodium and scandium pressures and lowest sodium-to-scandium ratio found at the top of the arc column.
Two Improvements of Twisted Ate Pairing with Barreto-Naehrig Curve by Dividing Miller's Algorithm (2009)

This paper shows two improvements of twisted-Ate pairing with Barreto-Naehrig curve so as to be efficiently carried out by dividing the calculation loops of Miller's algorithm based on divisor theorem. Then, this paper shows some experimental results from which it is shown that each improvements accelerate twisted-Ate pairing.
Novel highly conductive graphene-based materials (2013)

The development of future flexible and transparent electronics relies on novel materials, which are mechanically flexible, lightweight and low-cost, in addition to being electrically conductive and optically transparent. Currently, tin doped indium oxide (ITO) is the most wide spread transparent conductor in consumer electronics. The mechanical rigidity of this material limits its use for future flexible electronic applications. The leading candidates to substitute ITO are graphene based materials. Graphene is an atomically thin conductive, transparent and flexible material. However, the use of graphene as a truly transparent conductor remains a great challenge because the lowest values of its resistivity demonstrated so far are above the values of commercially available ITO. Chemical functionalization of graphene offers a simple way to improve the electrical properties of these materials. Here we report novel graphene-based transparent conductors obtained by intercalating few-layer graphene (FLG) with ferric chloride (FeCl3). Through a combined study of electrical transport and optical transmission measurements we demonstrate that FeCl3 enhances the electrical conductivity of FLG by two orders of magnitude while leaving these materials highly transparent. We find that the optical transmittance in the visible range of FeCl3-FLG is typically between 88% and 84%, whereas the resistivity is as low as 8.8 Ω. These parameters outperform the best values found in ITO (i.e. resistivity of 10 Ω at an optical transmittance of 85%), making therefore FeCl3-FLG the best candidate for flexible and transparent electronics. The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the electrical transport properties show that this material is metallic with typical carrier concentration of n=3x10 14 cm -2 and macroscopic hole mean free path close to 1μm. Analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations together with Raman spectroscopy show decoupling of FLG into isolated graphene monolayers providing several parallel hole gas. The unique combination of record low resistivity, high optical, transparency and macroscopic room temperature mean free path has not been demonstrated so far in any other doped graphene system, and opens new avenues for graphene-based optoelectronics.
Development of a Novel In Vitro Assay (ALS Assay) for Evaluation of Vaccine-Induced Antibody Secretion from Circulating Mucosal Lymphocytes (2001)

We describe here a novel method for measuring in vitro antibody secretion from the tissue culture of human B lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after oral vaccination with a killed cholera vaccine. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers of the antibody secreted in the cell supernatant were determined. The validation results demonstrated that human PBMC remained viable and continued to secrete antibodies (total immunoglobulin A [IgA] and IgG) for up to 4 days of incubation at 37 degrees C with 5% CO(2) in cell cultures. The secreted antibody concentration correlated positively with the PBMC concentration and incubation time in the tissue culture and correlated negatively with the storage time of the whole blood at room temperature. In vitro assay of secreting antibody in the lymphocyte supernatant (i.e., the ALS assay) is capable of the detecting specific antibody response after oral vaccination with a killed whole-cell-plus-B-subunit cholera vaccine (WC-B) in healthy adults in a phase I clinical trial. Postimmunization PBMC secreted antibodies to cholera toxin in the cell supernatants. Antibody production did not require any in vitro antigen stimulation. In the ALS assay, antigen-specific antibody titers of prevaccination samples were barely detectable, whereas serum antitoxin ELISA titers in background of prevaccine samples were significantly higher than the ALS titers. We conclude that, without any in vitro antigen stimulation after vaccination, PBMC secrete antibodies into the supernatants in the ALS assay. This assay can quantitatively measure the antigen-specific antibody production from the PBMC culture in postvaccination blood samples.
Island Multicast: Combining IP Multicast With Overlay Data Distribution (2009)

Traditional overlay protocols use unicast connections to form delivery trees. While it can achieve global multicast across the Internet, it is not as efficient as IP multicast. In this paper, we integrate IP multicast into overlay data distribution to improve delivery efficiency. We investigate island multicast where unicast connections are used to connect multicast domains and IP multicast is used within multicast domains. We first explore a centralized island multicast protocol (termed CIM), which relies on a central server to construct a delivery tree. We then study a distributed protocol (termed DIM), where hosts can distributedly join islands and form a delivery tree. We study the key issues in both protocols. We also discuss how to apply these protocols to media streaming applications. We have evaluated both protocols on Internet-like topologies. We have also implemented a prototype for CIM and tested it on PlanetLab. The results show that our approaches can significantly im prove network performance as compared to pure overlay protocols. Our study shows that it is important to consider local multicast capability when designing overlay protocols.
Demand Response Flexibility Potential Trading in Smart Grids: A Multileader Multifollower Stackelberg Game Approach (2022)

The value of demand response (DR) for improving the operational efficiency of smart grids has been widely recognized. To further explore the potential DR flexibility, this article presents a novel framework for DR resource trading between multiple service providers (SPs) and end customers, in which SPs are supposed to offer diversified incentives to a resource trading center (RTC) while anticipating responses from the demand side. Distinguished from previous studies, in this work each end customer is endowed the authority to simultaneously trade with multiple SPs with the intention of maximizing their net utilities. The trading process between SPs and customers is demonstrated by a multileader multifollower Stackelberg game, due to its superiority of modeling problems with hierarchical decision-making behaviors. To solve the formulated game, an exact potential function is proposed to help determine the unique Nash equilibrium (NE) among SPs, which serves as the cornerstone for further deriving the Stackelberg equilibrium (SE), i.e., the ultimate outcome of the resource trading process. Simulation results verified that the DR flexibility was significantly increased compared with the case when there is only one SP responsible for the entire trading on behalf of all the end customers. Moreover, the proposed approach is also able to bring extra benefits for both SPs and customers in terms of net profit and net utility value.
Image sharpening in the JPEG domain (1999)

We present a new technique for sharpening compressed images in the discrete-cosine-transform domain. For images compressed using the JPEG standard, image sharpening is achieved by suitably scaling each element of the encoding quantization table to enhance the high-frequency characteristics of the image. The modified version of the encoding table is then transmitted in lieu of the original. Experimental results with scanned images show improved text and image quality with no additional computation cost and without affecting compressibility.
Enhancement of the CPR Preconditioner for Efficient Solution of the Adjoint Equation (2011)

Abstract It is well known that the adjoint approach is the most efficient approach for gradient calculation, which can be used with gradient-based optimization techniques to solve various optimization problems such as the production optimization problem, history-matching problem, etc. The adjoint equation to be solved in the approach is a linear equation formed with the "transpose" of the Jacobian matrix from a fully implicit reservoir simulator. For a large and/or complex reservoir model, generalized preconditioners often prove impractical for solving the adjoint equation. Preconditioned specialized for reservoir simulation such as Constrained Pressure Residual (CPR) exploit properties of the Jacobian matrix in order to accelerate convergence, so they cannot be directly applied to the adjoint equation. To overcome this challenge, we have developed a new two-stage preconditioner for efficient solution of the adjoint equation (named CPRA). The CPRA preconditioner has been coupled with an Algebraic Multi Grid (AMG) linear solver and implemented in Chevron's in-house reservoir simulator. The AMG solver is well known for its outstanding capability to solve the pressure equation of complex reservoir models; and solving the linear system with the "transpose" of pressure matrix is one of the two-stages of construction of the CPRA preconditioner. Through test cases, we have confirmed that the CPRA/AMG solver with GMRES acceleration solves the adjoint equation very efficiently with reasonable number of linear solver iterations. Adjoint simulations to calculate the gradients with the CPRA/AMG solver take about the same time at most as corresponding CPR/AMG forward simulations. Accuracy of the solutions has also been confirmed by verifying the gradients against solutions with a direct solver. A production optimization case study for a real field using the CPRA/AMG solver has further validated its accuracy, efficiency, and the capability to perform long term optimization for large, complex reservoir models at low computational cost.
Bulk Metallic Glasses and Composites for Optical and Compliant Mechanisms (2013)

Mechanisms are used widely in engineering applications due to their ability to translate force and movement. They are found in kinematic pairs, gears, cams, linkages, and in flexure mechanisms (also known as compliant mechanisms). Mechanisms and flexures are used widely in spacecraft design, especially in the area of optics, where precise positioning of telescope mirrors requires elastic flexing of elements. A compliant mechanism is generally defined as a flexible mechanism that uses an elastic body deformation to cause a displacement (such as positing a mirror). The mechanisms are usually constructed as a single monolithic piece of material, and contain thin struts to allow for large elastic bending with low input force. This creates the largest problem with developing precise mechanisms; they must be fabricated from a single piece of metal, but are required to have strict accuracy on their dimensions. They are generally required to have high strength, elasticity, and low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Targeting 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase (PFKFB3) as a Therapeutic Strategy against Cancer (2013)

In human cancers, loss of PTEN, stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, and activation of Ras and AKT converge to increase the activity of a key regulator of glycolysis, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3). This enzyme synthesizes fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F26BP), which is an activator of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, a key step of glycolysis. Previously, a weak competitive inhibitor of PFKFB3, 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO), was found to reduce the glucose metabolism and proliferation of cancer cells. We have synthesized 73 derivatives of 3PO and screened each compound for activity against recombinant PFKFB3. One small molecule, 1-(4-pyridinyl)-3-(2-quinolinyl)-2-propen-1-one (PFK15), was selected for further preclinical evaluation of its pharmacokinetic, antimetabolic, and antineoplastic properties in vitro and in vivo. We found that PFK15 causes a rapid induction of apoptosis in transformed cells, has adequate pharmacokinetic properties, suppresses the glucose uptake and growth of Lewis lung carcinomas in syngeneic mice, and yields antitumor effects in three human xenograft models of cancer in athymic mice that are comparable to U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved chemotherapeutic agents. As a result of this study, a synthetic derivative and formulation of PFK15 has undergone investigational new drug (IND)-enabling toxicology and safety studies. A phase I clinical trial of its efficacy in advanced cancer patients will initiate in 2013 and we anticipate that this new class of antimetabolic agents will yield acceptable therapeutic indices and prove to be synergistic with agents that disrupt neoplastic signaling.
Harmonically-related gratings-based quadrature phase interferometers (2007)

We report a new method for obtaining non-trivial phase difference between the output ports of an interferometer through the use of shallow diffraction gratings. We show that as opposed to a single shallow diffraction grating-based interferometer (which provides only trivial phase shifts, i.e., 0° or 180°), a pair of harmonically-related shallow diffraction gratings can be used to design interferometers with non-trivial phase shifts between different output ports. More importantly, the phase shifts can be adjusted by simply shearing one grating with respect to the other. This approach does not change the path length relationships of the different interference beams within the interferometer, which is an advantage for metrology and low coherence interferometry applications.
An Acoustic-Based Stall-Warning System for Application in Induced-Draft Boiler Fans (2012)

This study describes the assessment of a novel methodology that the authors recently proposed for the early detection of stall in low-speed axial-flow fans. Because aerodynamic stall is a major potential cause of mechanical failure in axial fans, effective stall-warning techniques have had wide application for many years. This paper presents an acoustic stall-warning system that can identify stall pre-cursors, and in so doing, establish that the stall is incipient. The study illustrates the application of the stalldetection technique to a class of heavy duty fans for induced draft service in coal-fired power plants. With an installed power up to 10 MW, this class of fans operates at constant rotational speed, utilising variable-pitch in motion blades to adjust fan duty point. The authors characterise the acoustic stall-detection system in an industrial laboratory environment exploring the fan operating envelope from maximum to minimum pitch angle. The authors record the evolution of transient unsteady pressure events with microphones fitted into i) the fan casing over the fan blades and ii) in the inlet plenum one diameter upstream of the fan rotor. Whilst the authors know that the measurement of unsteady pressure evolution potentially facilitates the prediction of stall incipience, the present investigation demonstrates the possibility of detecting stall events with pre-polarised pressure transducers in the far-field. Copyright © 2012 by ASME.
Deep Learning-Based Analysis of Macaque Corneal Sub-Basal Nerve Fibers in Confocal Microscopy Images (2019)

Abstract Purpose To describe and assess different deep learning-based methods for automated measurement of macaque corneal sub-basal nerves using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Methods The automated assessment of corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) in IVCM images is of increasing clinical interest. These measurements are important biomarkers in a number of diseases including diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Animal models of these and other diseases play an important role in understanding the disease processes as efforts toward developing new and effective therapeutics are made. And while automated methods exist for nerve fiber analysis in clinical data, differences in anatomy and image quality make the macaque data more challenging and has motivated the work reported here. Toward this goal, nerves in macaque corneal IVCM images were manually labelled using an ImageJ plugin (NeuronJ). Different deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures were evaluated for accuracy relative to the ground truth manual tracings. The best performing model was used on separately acquired macaque ICVM images to additionally compare inter-reader variability. Conclusions Deep learning-based segmentation of sub-basal nerves in IVCM images shows excellent correlation to manual segmentations in macaque data. The technique is indistinguishable across readers and paves the way for more widespread adoption of objective automated analysis of sub-basal nerves in IVCM. Translational Relevance Quantitative measurements of corneal sub-basal nerves are important biomarkers for disease screening and management. This work reports on different approaches that, in using deep learning-based techniques, leverage state of the art analysis methods to demonstrate performance akin to human graders. In application, the approach is robust, rapid and objective, offering utility to a variety of clinical studies using IVCM.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Allylic Arylation of Cycloalkenes. (1988)

Abstract Iodobenzene (I) is coupled with the cycloalkenes (IIa) and (IIb) or the dihydrofuran (IIc) in the presence of palladium diacetate, producing the 3‐phenylcycloalkenes (IIIa) and (IIIb) or the phenyldihydrofuran (IIIc).
Construction of VNP20009: A Novel, Genetically Stable Antibiotic-Sensitive Strain of Tumor-Targeting Salmonella for Parenteral Administration in Humans (2004)

The engineering of tumor-targeting Salmonella strains bearing a high degree of both attenuation and tumor inhibition is a recently developed approach to vector-based treatment of cancer (,). Tumor-targeted Salmonella have many desirable features for a tumor-selective delivery vehicle:
Interaural-time-difference sensitivity to acoustic temporally-jittered pulse trains (2008)

Bandpass-filtered pulse trains in acoustic hearing have been used to understand the high-rate pulse trains used in electrical stimulation strategies. In a left-right discrimination test, sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITD) in 600-pulses-per-second (pps) periodic pulse trains and aperiodic (temporally-jittered) pulse trains was tested with six normal-hearing listeners. It was found that jitter significantly and systematically increased ITD performance. A second experiment using 1200-pps pulse trains was performed to show that listeners were not solely benefiting from the longest interpulse intervals and thus the instances of reduced rate by adding jitter. To better understand the effect of jitter, the output of a basilar membrane model and a higher-level physiologically-based model was observed. Results from the modeling were reminiscent of an effect called "release from binaural adaptation" where the binaural system is reactivated by a temporal irregularity and this release possibly occurs at the level of the cochlear nucleus or lower. These results help understand pulse-rate limitations of ITD in cochlear-implant listeners.
Cytolytic peptide nanoparticles (‘NanoBees’) for cancer therapy (2011)

Cytolytic peptides are an attractive class of anticancer candidates because of their wide-spectrum lytic properties. However, their therapeutic potential cannot be realized without a proper delivery vehicle, because of their off-target toxicity, nonspecificity, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. The physical properties of perfluorocarbon (PFC)-core surfactant-coated nanoparticles render them a highly promising delivery vehicle for targeted therapeutic applications of cytolytic peptides. This article provides an overview of the mechanism underlying the anticancer efficacy of cytolytic peptides, the limitations in clinic applications, and the advantages of PFC nanoparticles over traditional FDA-approved nanocarriers such as liposomes. Recent reports of successful anticancer therapeutics delivered by PFC nanoparticles will be discussed, as well as new applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 318-327 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.126 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.