gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subspace Tracking-Based Decision Directed CIR Estimator and Adaptive CIR Prediction (2012)

One of the essential prerequisites for coherent detection in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based communication systems is the availability of an accurate estimate of the channel state information (CSI). In the absence of symbol errors, the decision directed channel estimation (DDCE) scheme has been proved to provide better and more accurate CSI than the channel estimation scheme based purely on pilot symbols. In this paper a subspace algorithm, the fast data projection method (FDPM), is employed for estimation of the channel impulse response (CIR) of the OFDM channel in a decision directed mode. A variable step size normalized least mean square (VSSNLMS)-based predictor is derived for the implementation of the CIR prediction stage of the estimation scheme. The whole channel estimation scheme based on the two algorithms is simulated in the context of fractionally spaced (FS)-CIR based channel model, also known as non-sample spaced CIR model. The performance of the FDPM-based decision directed channel estimator is compared through computer simulation with another subspace algorithm, deflated projection approximation subspace tracking (PASTd)-based channel estimator, while employing normalized least mean square (NLMS) and the proposed VSSNLMS predictors, respectively. It was discovered from the simulation results that the proposed scheme performed better than the PASTd-based channel estimator. The channel estimation scheme employing VSSNLMS-predictor also shows enhanced performance in comparison with the scheme using NLMS-based predictor.
Control of Proliferation and Cancer Growth by the Hippo Signaling Pathway (2015)

The control of cell division is essential for normal development and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Abnormal cell proliferation is associated with multiple pathological states, including cancer. Although the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway was initially thought to control organ size and growth, increasing evidence indicates that this pathway also plays a major role in the control of proliferation independent of organ size control. In particular, accumulating evidence indicates that the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway functionally interacts with multiple other cellular pathways and serves as a central node in the regulation of cell division, especially in cancer cells. Here, recent observations are highlighted that connect Hippo/YAP signaling to transcription, the basic cell-cycle machinery, and the control of cell division. Furthermore, the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive attributes of YAP/TAZ are reviewed, which emphasizes the relevance of the Hippo pathway in cancer.
Nonlinear scanning laser microscopy by third harmonic generation (1997)

Third harmonic generation near the focal point of a tightly focused beam is used to probe microscopical structures of transparent samples. It is shown that this method can resolve interfaces and inhomogeneities with axial resolution comparable to the confocal length of the beam. Using 120 fs pulses at 1.5 μm, we were able to resolve interfaces with a resolution of 1.2 μm. Two-dimensional cross-sectional images have also been produced.
Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in ZIP7 and ZnT7 Expression Cause Zn2+ Release From the Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum and Mediate ER Stress in the Heart (2017)

Changes in cellular free Zn<sup>2+</sup> concentration, including those in the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum [S(E)R], are primarily coordinated by Zn<sup>2+</sup> transporters (ZnTs) whose identity and role in the heart are not well established. We hypothesized that ZIP7 and ZnT7 transport Zn<sup>2+</sup> in opposing directions across the S(E)R membrane in cardiomyocytes and that changes in their activity play an important role in the development of ER stress during hyperglycemia. The subcellular S(E)R localization of ZIP7 and ZnT7 was determined in cardiomyocytes and in isolated S(E)R preparations. Markedly increased mRNA and protein levels of ZIP7 were observed in ventricular cardiomyocytes from diabetic rats or high-glucose-treated H9c2 cells while ZnT7 expression was low. In addition, we observed increased ZIP7 phosphorylation in response to high glucose in vivo and in vitro. By using recombinant-targeted Förster resonance energy transfer sensors, we show that hyperglycemia induces a marked redistribution of cellular free Zn<sup>2+</sup>, increasing cytosolic free Zn<sup>2+</sup> and lowering free Zn<sup>2+</sup> in the S(E)R. These changes involve alterations in ZIP7 phosphorylation and were suppressed by small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of CK2α. Opposing changes in the expression of ZIP7 and ZnT7 were also observed in hyperglycemia. We conclude that subcellular free Zn<sup>2+</sup> redistribution in the hyperglycemic heart, resulting from altered ZIP7 and ZnT7 activity, contributes to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
Inhibitors of the PI3‐kinase/Akt pathway induce mitotic catastrophe in non‐small cell lung cancer cells (2006)

Non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) are more resistant to anticancer treatment as compared with other types of cancer cells. Recently (Hemström et al., Exp Cell Res 2005;305:200-13) we showed that apoptosis of U1810 NSCLC cells induced by the staurosporine analog PKC 412 correlated with inhibition of Akt and ERK1/2, suggesting the involvement of these kinases in cell survival. Here we investigated the contribution of the PI3-kinase/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways to survival of NSCLC cells. The two signaling pathways were studied by using different combinations of the PI3-kinase inhibitors LY-294002 and wortmannin, the Akt activator Ro 31-8220, the MEK inhibitor PD 98059 and PKC 412. PI3-kinase inhibitors induced apoptosis-like death in U1810 cells. H157 cells in general were relatively resistant to PI3 kinase/Akt inhibitors yet these compounds sensitized cells to the DNA-damaging drug VP-16, while Ro 31-8220 could not. PD 98059 only had a sensitizing effect on H157 cells when combined with PI3-kinase inhibition and VP-16. Morphological data indicated that LY-294002 and PKC 412 induced cell death at anaphase and metaphase, respectively, suggesting death by mitotic catastrophe. Analyzes of cells blocked in G2/M-phase by nocodazol revealed that LY-294002 increased, while PKC 412 decreased histone H3 phosphorylation, suggesting that LY-294002 allowed, while PKC 412 inhibited cells to leave M-phase. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle distribution demonstrated that LY-294002 allowed cells to leave G2/M phase, while PKC 412 inhibited cytokinesis, resulting in formation of multinucleated cells. These results indicate that sensitization of NSCLC cells by PI3-kinase inhibition involves interplay between cell cycle regulation, mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis.
The colours of life: an introduction to the chemistry of porphyrins and related compounds (1998)

Preface 1. What porphyrins are and what they do 2. Where porphyrins come from 3. Making oxygen 4. Coping with oxygen 5. Where porphyrins go to 6. What happens when it all goes wrong 7. Porphyrins for the future
FAÇADE TEXTURING FOR RENDERING 3D CITY MODELS (2005)

Realistic visualizations of 3D city models require the availability of detailed geometric descriptions of the visible buildings. Especially, if virtual viewpoints from a pedestrian perspective have to be generated, texture images have to be additionally available. For this purpose geo-referenced terrestrial images have to be captured and mapped against the corresponding elements of the building model. By these means the large scale structure and the material of the building faces can be visually represented. In our approach this texture mapping is realized using a programmable graphics processing unit. In contrast to the application of standard viewers, this technique allows to model even complex geometric effects like self-occlusion or lens distortion. This allows for a very fast and flexible on-the-fly generation of façade texture using real world imagery. Our approach was implemented within a project aiming on the real-time visualization of urban landscapes, which will be discussed in the final part of the paper.
Retro-modulator links with a mini-rover (2004)

An optical sensors web in a star pattern is formed and tested utilizing modulating retro-reflectors, where a multitude of sensors was simulated by a retro-modulator on a mini-rover. A CCD camera provides the multi-mega-bit sensor signal. Two-dimensional acquisition of a retro-modulator located away in the field, by a base-station equipped with a laser and a receiver was demonstrated while reading out data at 10 Mbps data-rate.
Improvement of pea protein quality by enzymatic modification (1998)

A commercial pea protein isolate has been hydrolysed by enzymatic treatment and functional properties of the freeze-dried hydrolysates were evaluated. Hydrolysis significantly improved the pea protein solubility, which made it more or less comparable to that measured for a soy protein hydrolysate, and reduced its pH dependency. In addition, hydrolysis improved emulsifying activity approximately two-fold with the maximum occurring at degree of hydrolysis (DH) 3.7. Foam expansion was improved nearly three-fold at the slightly lower DH value of 2.5.
High-density lipoprotein modulation targets (2010)

Given the strong genetic determinants of favorable HDL-C levels, the ability to procure the cardiovascular disease and longevity benefits associated with this mediator of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway through pharmaceutical intervention is challenging. Niacin is still the most robust HDL-C raising pharmaceutical agent on the market at its use leads to elevations up to 35%. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and endothelial lipase (EL) are two targets involved in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway that have become therapeutic targets of various investigations for raising HDL. However, the Investigation of Lipid Level Management to Understand its Impact in Atherosclerotic Events (ILLUMINATE) trial was stopped in December 2006 due to excess mortality in the group of patients treated with torcetrapib, a CETP inhibitor. Other CETP inhibitors being studied include anacetrapib and JTT-705. Other CEPT inhibitors including TA-8995, DRL-17822, JTT-302, and others are under investigation. Additionally a biologic target CETi-1, an investigational vaccine in phase II development designed to elicit antibodies that bind and inhibit the activity of CETP leading to blocking the ability of the protein to transfer cholesterol from HDL to LDL and thus causing HDL cholesterol levels to rise is under clinical investigation for sometime.
Periostin Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis by Inducing TSLP Production from Keratinocytes (2012)

Our results suggest that periostin exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD through TSLP production from keratinocytes.
Thermal conductance and electron-phonon coupling in mechanically suspended nanostructures (2002)

We have fabricated and characterized the principal thermal properties of a mechanically suspended nanostructure, consisting of a micron-scale suspended GaAs island, upon which we have defined superconductor-insulator-normal metal tunnel junctions. The tunnel junctions allow for sensitive thermometry and heating of the electrons in a thermally isolated normal metal element, permitting the determination of the low-temperature thermal conductance of the legs that support the GaAs island, as well as the low-temperature electron-phonon coupling. This device forms the basis of a nanoscale bolometric detector, whose optical performance can be estimated from these measurements.
Fluctuation of Intracranial Pressure Associated with the Cardiac Cycle (1982)

Within the intensive care setting, a portable microcomputer system was used to extract three parameters from the intracranial pressure fluctuation associated with the cardiac cycle. One parameter, the mean of sampled intracranial pressure, was defined as the average value of pressure for a 1.08-second interval following the R wave of the electrocardiogram. Another parameter, the amplitude of intracranial pressure, was defined as the difference between the mean and the peak value of the sampled intracranial pressure for the interval considered. The third parameter, a latent interval, was defined as the time period between the occurrence of the R wave and the occurrence of the peak value of the subsequent intracranial pressure fluctuation. Six adults and one pediatric patient were monitored. Both the amplitude and the mean of sampled pressure tended to vary inversely with the latent interval. For the adult patients, the latent interval varied between 503 and 804 ms; the mean pressure ranged between 2.4 and 19.0 mm Hg and the amplitude pressure ranged between 0.6 and 7.2 mm Hg. The latent interval for the child was much shorter (ranging between 269 and 325 ms), and both the mean and the amplitude pressures were much higher (ranging between 38.4 and 57.3 mm Hg and 14.2 and 16.5 mm Hg, respectively). Statistical correlation between hourly pulse rates and the latent interval among the adult cases revealed little association (r = -0.20). For all patients considered, the correlation between the amplitude and the mean of sampled intracranial pressure was quite high, with an r value of +0.91. These reported observations support a conceptual model in which blood volume changes associated with the cardiac cycle occurring within the semirigid craniospinal sac are assumed to underlie the fluctuation of intracranial pressure.
Adjudicating Beyond the Scope of Ordinary Business: Why the Inaccessibility Test in Zubulake Unduly Stifles Cost-Shifting During Electronic Discovery (2004)

Introduction 258 I. Bearing the Burden of Costs in Electronic Discovery 260 A. General Rules Regulating Electronic Discovery 261 B. Electronic Discovery is Distinct from Traditional Discovery 266 C. Background of Cost-Shifting Jurisprudence 271 1. The difference between inaccessible and accessible data 275 2. Uncertainty when data is not in usable form 277 3. Sampling inaccessible data predicts the costs of production 278 D. The Tipping Factor: Cost-Shifting During Electronic Discovery 280 1. Granting cost-shifting for unduly burdensome requests 281 2. Denying cost-shifting in favor of broad discovery .......282 II. Comparative Analysis of the Undue Burden Test Versus the Inaccessibility Requirement 284 A. The Undue Burden Test 285 B. The Inaccessibility Test 287
VizInspect Pro -- Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) solution (2022)

Traditional vision based Automated Optical Inspection (referred to as AOI in paper) systems present multiple challenges in factory settings including inability to scale across multiple product lines, requirement of vendor programming expertise, little tolerance to variations and lack of cloud connectivity for aggregated insights. The lack of flexibility in these systems presents a unique opportunity for a deep learning based AOI system specifically for factory automation. The proposed solution, VizInspect pro is a generic computer vision based AOI solution built on top of Leo - An edge AI platform. Innovative features that overcome challenges of traditional vision systems include deep learning based image analysis which combines the power of self-learning with high speed and accuracy, an intuitive user interface to configure inspection profiles in minutes without ML or vision expertise and the ability to solve complex inspection challenges while being tolerant to deviations and unpredictable defects. This solution has been validated by multiple external enterprise customers with confirmed value propositions. In this paper we show you how this solution and platform solved problems around model development, deployment, scaling multiple inferences and visualizations.
Functional carboxyl terminal deletion map of protein kinase C alpha. (1993)

The phorbol ester receptor protein kinase C (PKC) gene family encodes essential mediators of various eukaryotic cellular signals. Based on the predicted amino acid (aa) sequence homology of more than ten distinct PKC gene coding sequences, four highly conserved regions C1-C4 and five variable regions V1-V5 have been defined for the different PKC subtypes. Some of these regions, such as C1 and C3/V4/C4, have been correlated with specific PKC functions, such as activator binding and enzymatic activity, respectively, while the biological role of others is unknown. The biological significance of the PKC carboxyl terminus is unclear and the predicted boundary of the catalytic C4 region is controversial due to different interpretations of aa sequence comparisons. We explored the PKC alpha carboxyl terminal requirement for basic PKC function and mapped the boundary of the sequences essential for enzymatic activity based on functional criteria. cDNAs encoding normal and random carboxyl terminal truncations of bovine PKC alpha were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, allowing its rapid functional expression and characterization for catalytic as well as biological activity. We found that deletion of up to 11 carboxyl terminal aa still results in a phorbol ester-responsive, biologically active enzyme in vivo which is dependent on calcium and phospholipids for catalytic activation in vitro. Deletion of 15 and 23 aa results in marginal and total loss of catalytic activity, respectively, and in complete loss of biological activity for both truncations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1-O-Alkyl (di)glycerol ethers synthesis from methyl esters and triglycerides by two pathways: catalytic reductive alkylation and transesterification/reduction (2013)

From available and bio-sourced methyl esters, monoglycerides or oleic sunflower refined oil, the corresponding 1-O-alkyl (di)glycerol ethers were obtained in both high yields and selectivity by two different pathways. With methyl esters, a reductive alkylation with (di)glycerol was realized under 50 bar hydrogen pressure in the presence of 1 mol% of Pd/C and an acid co-catalyst. A second two step procedure was evaluated from methyl esters or triolein and consisted of a first transesterification to the corresponding monoglyceride with a BaO/Al2O3 catalyst, then its reduction to the desired glycerol monoether with a recyclable heterogeneous catalytic system Pd/C and Amberlyst 35 under H2 pressure. In addition, a mechanism for the reaction was also proposed.
24 GHz active retrodirective antenna array (1999)

A 24 GHz active Van Atta planar antenna array proposed for increasing the vehicle radar echo in a vehicle collision avoidance system is designed and demonstrated. The antenna array contains two parallel linear sub-arrays. Each sub-array is composed of four receiving microstrip antennas, four transmitting microstrip antennas and four transistor amplifiers. At the angles of –40° < thetas < 40°, except those very close to the specular direction (thetas = 0°), the measured backscattering field levels of the fabricated array have variations < 3 dB and are at least 10 dB higher than those of a metal plate of the same size.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is important for brown adipose tissue development and maintenance (2013)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical for angiogenesis, but also has pleiotropic effects on several nonvascular cells. Our aim was to investigate the role of VEGF in brown adipose tissue (BAT). We show that VEGF expression increases 2.5-fold during differentiation of cultured murine brown adipocytes and that VEGF receptor-2 is phosphorylated, indicating VEGF signaling. VEGF increased proliferation in brown preadipocytes in vitro by 70%, and blockade of VEGF signaling using anti-VEGFR2 antibody DC101 increased brown adipocyte apoptosis, as determined by cell number and activation of caspase 3. Systemic VEGF neutralization in mice, accomplished by adenoviral expression of soluble Flt1, resulted in 7-fold increase in brown adipocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial degeneration, and increased mitophagy compared to control mice expressing a null adenovirus. Absence of the heparan sulfate-binding VEGF isoforms, VEGF164 and VEGF188, resulted in abnormal BAT development in mice at E15.5, with fewer brown adipocytes and lower mitochondrial protein compared to wild-type littermates. These results suggest a role for VEGF in brown adipocytes and preadipocytes to promote survival, proliferation, and normal mitochondria and development.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube/Phase Change Material Composites: Sunlight‐Driven, Reversible, Form‐Stable Phase Transitions for Solar Thermal Energy Storage (2013)

Abstract The development of solar energy conversion materials is critical to the growth of a sustainable energy infrastructure in the coming years. A novel hybrid material based on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and form‐stable polymer phase change materials (PCMs) is reported. The obtained materials have UV‐vis sunlight harvesting, light‐thermal conversion, thermal energy storage, and form‐stable effects. Judicious application of this efficient photothermal conversion to SWNTs has opened up a rich field of energy materials based on novel SWNT/PCM composits with enhanced performance in energy conversion and storage.
Inference rules for program annotation (1978)

Methods are presented whereby an Algol-like program, given together with its specifications, can be documented automatically. The program is incrementally annotated with invariant relationships that hold between program variables at intermediate points in the program and explain the actual workings of the program regardless of whether the program is correct. Thus this documentation can be used for proving the correctness of the program or may serve as an aid in the debugging of an incorrect program.The annotation techniques are formulated as Hoare-like inference rules which derive invariants from the assignment statements, from the control structure of the program, or, heuristically, from suggested invariants. The application of these rules is demonstrated by an example, one of a number that have run on an experimental implementation.