gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homeostatic and Non‐homeostatic Pathways Involved in the Control of Food Intake and Energy Balance (2006)

A neural network sensitive to leptin and other energy status signals stretching from the hypothalamus to the caudal medulla has been identified as the homeostatic control system for the regulation of food intake and energy balance. While this system is remarkably powerful in defending the lower limits of adiposity, it is weak in curbing appetite in a world of plenty. Another extensive neural system that processes appetitive and rewarding aspects of food intake is mainly interacting with the external world. This non-homeostatic system is constantly attacked by sophisticated signals from the environment, ultimately resulting in increased energy intake in many genetically predisposed individuals. Recent findings suggest a role for accumbens-hypothalamic pathways in the interaction between non-homeostatic and homeostatic factors that control food intake. Identification of the neural pathways that mediate this dominance of cortico-limbic processes over the homeostatic regulatory circuits in the hypothalamus and brainstem will be important for the development of behavioral strategies and pharmacological therapies in the fight against obesity.
In vitro anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity of sixty natural products on the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with specific reference to dibenzyl trisulphide. (2004)

Sixty natural products belonging to the following structural classes: artemisinins, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, tetrahydroberberine alkaloids, tetracyclic triterpenes, tetranortriterpenoids and polysulphides were screened against the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line revealing differences in their effects on cell morphology and in anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity. Based on the data obtained, dibenzyl trisulphide is the most effective anti-proliferative/cytotoxic compound. In addition, we hereby propose the human SH-SY5Y cell line as a sensitive and uncomplicated in vitro test system for detecting compounds with potential anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity.
Laboratory Determination of Age-Dependent Fecundity, Development, and Rate of Increase of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (1992)

Journal Article Laboratory Determination of Age-Dependent Fecundity, Development, and Rate of Increase of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Get access Juan A. Morales-Ramos, Juan A. Morales-Ramos Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James R. Cate James R. Cate Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 85, Issue 4, 1 July 1992, Pages 469–476, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/85.4.469 Published: 01 July 1992 Article history Received: 14 October 1991 Accepted: 03 April 1992 Published: 01 July 1992
Multi-Modal Interactive Approach to ImageCLEF 2007 Photographic and Medical Retrieval Tasks by CINDI (2007)

This paper presents the contribution of CINDI group to the ImageCLEF 2007 ad-hoc retrieval tasks. We experiment with multi-modal (e.g., image and text) in-teraction and fusion approaches based on relevance feedback information for image retrieval tasks of photographic and medical image collections. For a text-based image search, keywords from the annotated files are extracted and indexed by employing the vector space model of information retrieval. For a content-based image search, various global, semi-global, region-specific and visual concept-based features are extracted at different levels of image abstraction. Based on relevance feedback information, multi-ple textual and visual query refinements are performed and user’s perceived semantics are propagated from one modality to another with query expansion. The feedback information also dynamically adjusts intra and inter-modality weights in linear com-bination of similarity matching functions. Finally, the top ranked images are obtained by performing both sequential and simultaneous retrieval approaches. The analysis of results of different runs are reported in this paper.
Development of Novel Protein-Based MRI Contrast Agents for the Molecular Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers (2022)

Temporal and spatial molecular imaging of disease biomarkers using non-invasive MRI with high resolution is largely limited by lack of MRI contrast agents with high sensitivity, high specificity, optimized biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. In this dissertation, I report my Ph. D. work on the development of protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) specifically targeting different cancer biomarkers, such as grastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Similar to non-targeted ProCAs, these biomarker-targeted ProCAs exhibit 5 - 10 times higher r1 and r2 relaxivites than that of clinical MRI contrast agents. In addition, these biomarker-targeted ProCAs have high Gd3+ binding affinities and metal selectivities. The highest binding affinity of the three GRPR-targeted contrast reagents obtained by grafting a GRPR ligand binding moiety into ProCA32 for GRPR is 2.7 x 10-9 M. We further demonstrate that GRPR-targeted ProCAs were able to semi-quantitatively evaluate GRPR expression levels in xenograft mice model by MRI. In addition, we have also created a PSMA-targeted ProCA which has a binding affinity to PSMA biomarker of 5.2 x 10-7 M. Further, we developed VEGFR-targeted contrast agent which is able to image VEGFR2 in mice models using T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences. Moreover, the relaxivities and coordination water numbers of ProCAs can be tuned by protein design of ProCA4. Since disease biomarkers are expressed in various tumors and diseases, our results may have strong preclinical and clinical implications for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cancer and other type of diseases.
Transgenic Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Hepatocytes Accelerates Endotoxin-Induced Acute Liver Failure (2008)

Bacterial LPS (endotoxin) is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and several chronic inflammatory liver diseases. To evaluate the effect of hepatocyte cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-induced liver injury, we generated transgenic mice with targeted expression of COX-2 in the liver by using the albumin promoter-enhancer driven vector and the animals produced were subjected to a standard experimental protocol of LPS-induced acute fulminant hepatic failure (i.p. injection of low dose of LPS in combination with d-galactosamine (d-GalN)). The COX-2 transgenic mice exhibited earlier mortality, higher serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels and more prominent liver tissue damage (parenchymal hemorrhage, neutrophilic inflammation, hepatocyte apoptosis, and necrosis) than wild-type mice. Western blot analysis of the liver tissues showed that LPS/d-GalN treatment for 4 h induced much higher cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-3, and caspase-9 in COX-2 transgenic mice than in wild-type mice. Increased hepatic expression of JNK-2 in COX-2 transgenic mice suggest that up-regulation of JNK-2 may represent a potential mechanism for COX-2-mediated exacerbation of liver injury. Blocking the prostaglandin receptor, EP(1), prevented LPS/d-GalN-induced liver injury and hepatocyte apoptosis in COX-2 transgenic mice. Accordingly, the mice with genetic ablation of EP(1) showed less LPS/d-GalN-induced liver damage and less hepatocyte apoptosis with prolonged survival when compared with the wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that COX-2 and its downstream prostaglandin receptor EP(1) signaling pathway accelerates LPS-induced liver injury. Therefore, blocking COX-2-EP(1) pathway may represent a potential approach for amelioration of LPS-induced liver injury.
Adaptive prognostic approaches combining regime identification with equipment operating history (2010)

Health management is becoming increasingly important in expensive and complex machinery such as aircraft, shipboard equipments, and ground vehicles. The diagnosis of failures in such vehicles (or in their subsystems) based on asset condition has been analyzed in-depth in the last few decades, and is relatively well understood. However, prognostic evaluation of faults in machinery, also known as prognostic health management (PHM), is a much harder task that involves predicting impending faults in the system and determining remaining useful life of the machinery. A good adaptive prognostics system can also serve to speed the diagnosis of problems by providing indication of what sections of the asset are most likely to be the cause of problems, or are soon to need maintenance. A number of methods for prognostics have been researched with varying degrees of success. A number of possible algorithms, as well as a detailed description of a hybrid Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) - Prognostic technique being investigated for use will be presented, especially those techniques that can be refined through the use of test results. The system described incorporates a number of Artificial Intelligence techniques to process and analyze the current condition of a vehicle, with respect to the operating regimes encountered, and to generate a prognosis for each monitored component. The discussion will describe a means of testing, verifying and iteratively improving prognostic capabilities throughout the lifecycle of the asset. A focal point of the discussion will be the use of an open, extensible CBM+ system that incorporates distributed, spatial data collection and centralized processing and algorithm development to provide a continuously improving system.
Brain circuitry, behavior, and cognition: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in fragile X syndrome (2019)

Reduced functional brain activation for the active group may represent less arousal in response to direct eye gaze, relative to the placebo group. Change in functional magnetic resonance imaging activation patterns may serve as a more sensitive metric and predictor of response to treatment when compared to cognitive and behavioral assessments. Our results suggest that donepezil may have an impact on brain functioning, but longer term follow-up and concomitant behavioral intervention may be required to demonstrate improvement in cognition and behavior.
Contemporary Risk Profile of Prostate Cancer in the United States (2009)

National-level data that characterize contemporary prostate cancer patients are limited. We used 2004-2005 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to generate a contemporary profile of prostate cancer patients (N = 82 541) and compared patient characteristics of this 2004-2005 population with those of patients diagnosed in 1998-1989 and 1996-1997. Among newly diagnosed patients in 2004-2005, the majority (94%) had localized (ie, stage T1 or T2) prostate cancer and a median serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 6.7 ng/mL. Between 1988-1989 and 2004-2005, the average age at prostate cancer diagnosis decreased from 72.2 to 67.2 years, and the incidence rate of T3 or T4 cancer decreased from 52.7 per 100 000 to 7.9 per 100 000 among whites and from 90.9 per 100 000 to 13.3 per 100 000 among blacks. In 2004-2005, compared with whites, blacks were more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age (mean age: 64.7 vs 67.5 years, difference = 2.7 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5 to 2.9 years, P < .001) and to have a higher PSA level at diagnosis (median PSA level: 7.4 vs 6.6 ng/mL, difference = 0.8 ng/mL, 95% CI = 0.6 to 1.0 ng/mL, P < .001). In conclusion, more men were diagnosed with prostate cancer at a younger age and earlier stage in 2004-2005 than in earlier years. The racial disparity in cancer stage at diagnosis has decreased statistically significantly over time.
[Effects of flunarizine on T-type calcium channels in mouse spermatogenic cells]. (2006)

Flu has significant inhibitory effects on ICaT in mouse spermatogenic cells, with concentration dependence. Ca(v)3.2 is the main contributor to T-type Ca2+ currents in spermatogenic cells.
<title>High-silica low-loss three-waveguide couplers on Si by flame hydrolysis deposition</title> (1991)

The authors report the fabrication of high-silica, low-loss three-waveguide couplers (3WC) on Si by a combination of flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD), photolithographic patterning, and reactive ion etching. The device has been designed using the first-order perturbation theory, in order to achieve single-mode operation and to predict the beating length. Simulation of the device has been performed using the beam propagation method. SiO2-P2O5 glass has been employed as core material. P2O5 has been used to increase the refractive index of silica, as well as to decrease its sintering point. The sintering process has been optimized in order to achieve completely sintered, bubble free, low-loss films, preventing the evaporation of the P2O5 as well as the warping of the substrate. The devices have been characterized in terms of insertion loss, power splitting ratio and spectral response. 3WCs with multiple number of beating lengths have also been considered in order to assess the modulation of their spectral response with increasing interaction length.
Model-based current limiting for traction control of an electric four-wheel drive race car (2014)

This paper describes a novel traction control method and its application to an electric four-wheel driven race car. The proposed control method is based on a detailed model of tire dynamics and is designed for hardware with limited memory and computational power. We derive a linear parameter-varying model from first principles and validate it against a full nonlinear vehicle model. We then use the model to design a gain-scheduled LQRI controller, parametric on the measured vehicle velocity and lateral acceleration. We show that when incorporating additional information about the tire state, a gain scheduled LQRI controller is capable of minimizing excessive wheel spin by limiting the maximum torque available to the driver. This leads to a performance gain in acceleration while improving the handling characteristics of the race car. The proposed controller is thoroughly tested for its sensitivity to sensor noise and changes in system parameters in simulation and then implemented on a prototype race car competing in Formula Student. Experiments indicate satisfactory experimental performance from the initial control design without additional tuning of the controller parameters. This illustrates the simplicity of the design and ease of implementation.
Microfluidic Cell Retention Device for Perfusion of Mammalian Suspension Culture (2017)

Continuous production of biologics, a growing trend in the biopharmaceutical industry, requires a reliable and efficient cell retention device that also maintains cell viability. Current filtration methods, such as tangential flow filtration using hollow-fiber membranes, suffer from membrane fouling, leading to significant reliability and productivity issues such as low cell viability, product retention, and an increased contamination risk associated with filter replacement. We introduce a novel cell retention device based on inertial sorting for perfusion culture of suspended mammalian cells. The device was characterized in terms of cell retention capacity, biocompatibility, scalability, and long-term reliability. This technology was demonstrated using a high concentration ( > 20 million cells/mL) perfusion culture of an IgG 1 -producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line for 18-25 days. The device demonstrated reliable and clog-free cell retention, high IgG 1 recovery ( > 99%) and cell viability ( > 97%). Lab-scale perfusion cultures (350 mL) were used to demonstrate the technology, which can be scaled-out with parallel devices to enable larger scale operation. The new cell retention device is thus ideal for rapid perfusion process development in a biomanufacturing workflow.
An approximate L0 norm minimization algorithm for compressed sensing (2009)

lscr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> Norm based signal recovery is attractive in compressed sensing as it can facilitate exact recovery of sparse signal with very high probability. Unfortunately, direct lscr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> norm minimization problem is NP-hard. This paper describes an approximate lscr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> norm algorithm for sparse representation which preserves most of the advantages of lscr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> norm. The algorithm shows attractive convergence properties, and provides remarkable performance improvement in noisy environment compared to other popular algorithms. The sparse representation algorithm presented is capable of very fast signal recovery, thereby reducing retrieval latency when handling high dimensional signal.
The Fap1 fimbrial adhesin is a glycoprotein: antibodies specific for the glycan moiety block the adhesion of <i>Streptococcus parasanguis</i> in an <i>in vitro</i> tooth model (2002)

Streptococcus parasanguis is a primary colonizer of the tooth surface and plays a pivotal role in the formation of dental plaque. The fimbriae of S. parasanguis are important in mediating adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite (SHA), an in vitro tooth adhesion model. The Fap1 adhesin has been identified as the major fimbrial subunit, and recent studies suggest that Fap1 is a glycoprotein. Monosaccharide analysis of Fap1 purified from the culture supernatant of S. parasanguis indicated the presence of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. A glycopeptide moiety was isolated from a pronase digest of Fap1 and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. The monosaccharide composition of the purified glycopeptide was similar to that of the intact molecule. The functionality of the glycan moiety was determined using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the intact Fap1 glycoprotein. These antibodies were grouped into two categories based on their ability to block adhesion of S. parasanguis to SHA and their corresponding specificity for either protein or glycan epitopes of the Fap1 protein. 'Non-blocking' MAb epitopes were mapped to unique protein sequences in the N-terminus of the Fap1 protein using non-glycosylated recombinant Fap1 proteins (rFap1 and drFap1) expressed in Escherichia coli. In contrast, the 'blocking' antibodies did not bind to the recombinant Fap1 proteins, and were effectively competed by the binding to the purified glycopeptide. These data suggest that the 'blocking' antibodies are specific for the glycan moiety and that the adhesion of S. parasanguis is mediated by sugar residues associated with Fap1.
A Novel Synthesis of 1-Isochromanols<i>via</i>Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds with 1-Trimethylsilyloxy-benzocyclobutene as a Precursor of α-Oxy-<i>o</i>-Quinodimethane Under Mild Condition (1996)

Abstract Reaction of 1-trimethylsilyloxybenzocyclobutene(1) with carbonyl compounds catalyzed by tris(dimethylamino)sulfur (trimethylsilyl)difluoride (TASF) at room temperature gave 1-isochromanol derivatives as corresponding hetero Diels-Alder adducts in good yields.
Discovery of 4-(5-(Cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-2-methylphenylamino)-5-methyl-<i>N</i>-propylpyrrolo[1,2-<i>f</i>][1,2,4]triazine-6-carboxamide (BMS-582949), a Clinical p38α MAP Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases (2010)

The discovery and characterization of 7k (BMS-582949), a highly selective p38α MAP kinase inhibitor that is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is described. A key to the discovery was the rational substitution of N-cyclopropyl for N-methoxy in 1a, a previously reported clinical candidate p38α inhibitor. Unlike alkyl and other cycloalkyls, the sp(2) character of the cyclopropyl group can confer improved H-bonding characteristics to the directly substituted amide NH. Inhibitor 7k is slightly less active than 1a in the p38α enzymatic assay but displays a superior pharmacokinetic profile and, as such, was more effective in both the acute murine model of inflammation and pseudoestablished rat AA model. The binding mode of 7k with p38α was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Dynamic malware analysis using machine learning algorithm (2017)

Malware detection is a vital think about the protection of the Personal computer systems. However, presently using signature-based strategies cannot offer correct detection of zero-day attacks and polymorphic viruses. That's why the requirement for machine learning-based detection arises. The purpose of this work was to work out the most effective feature extraction, feature illustration, and classification ways that end in the most effective accuracy. This work presents suggested ways for machine learning based malware classification and detection, also as the tips for its implementation. Moreover, the study performed is often helpful as a base for any analysis within the field of malware analysis with machine learning strategies.
Premorbid cognitive testing predicts the onset of dementia and Alzheimer's disease better than and independently of APOE genotype (2004)

Simple tests of cognitive ability provide useful predictive information up to a decade before the onset of dementia. The predictive information provided is independent of, but not enhanced by, the addition of APOE genotype.
Loss of the melanocortin-4 receptor in mice causes dilated cardiomyopathy (2017)

Haploinsufficiency of the melanocortin-4 receptor, the most common monogenetic obesity syndrome in humans, is associated with a reduction in autonomic tone, bradycardia, and incidence of obesity-associated hypertension. Thus, it has been assumed that melanocortin obesity syndrome may be protective with respect to obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. We show here that absence of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in mice causes dilated cardiomyopathy, characterized by reduced contractility and increased left ventricular diameter. This cardiomyopathy is independent of obesity as weight matched diet induced obese mice do not display systolic dysfunction. <i>Mc4r</i> cardiomyopathy is characterized by ultrastructural changes in mitochondrial morphology and cardiomyocyte disorganization. Remarkably, testing of myocardial tissue from <i>Mc4r-/-</i> mice exhibited increased ADP stimulated respiratory capacity. However, this increase in respiration correlates with increased reactive oxygen species production - a canonical mediator of tissue damage. Together this study identifies MC4R deletion as a novel and potentially clinically important cause of heart failure.
Soap‐based detergent formulations: XIX. Amphoteric alkylsuccinamide derivatives as lime soap dispersants (1977)

Abstract and Summary A series of amphoteric surfactants was synthesized by reaction of 1,3‐propanesultone with N‐alkyl‐N′‐(ω,ω‐dimethylaminoalkyl)succinamides. The intermediate succinamides were prepared by reacting methyl N‐alkylsuccinamates, obtained from alkylamines containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, with N,N‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propylenediamine or N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine neat. The amphoterics were isolated as hygroscopic crystalline solids having superior lime soap dispersing ability, water solubility, and calcium ion stability. Detergency studies at 0.2% concentration (300 ppm water hardness) indicated good washing ability when used alone and excellent performance in combination with soap or in soap‐silicate formulations.