gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integral Antireflective Surface Production on Optical Glass (1982)

Integral antireflective surfaces with extremely high laser‐damage thresholds were prepared on optical glasses by controlled corrosion in neutral solution. Properties of such surfaces are discussed and compared with gradient antireflective surfaces produced on phase‐separated borositicate glasses.
Phosphinidine-Palladium Complexes for the Polymerization and Oligomerization of Ethylene (2002)

Several cationic palladium complexes containing bulky phosphinidine-imine, phosphinidine-sulfide, and imine-sulfide ligands have been prepared. These complexes catalyze the oligomerization and polymerization of ethylene with moderate to high rates (for palladium catalysts) and display higher stability compared to diimine-palladium systems.
Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and Docetaxel in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (2015)

In patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, the addition of pertuzumab to trastuzumab and docetaxel, as compared with the addition of placebo, significantly improved the median overall survival to 56.5 months and extended the results of previous analyses showing the efficacy of this drug combination. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Genentech; CLEOPATRA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00567190.).
<title>Development and clinical application of a patient-position monitoring system</title> (1994)

We have developed and clinically tested a computer vision system capable of real time monitoring of the position of an oncology (cancer) patient undergoing radiation therapy. The system is able to report variations in patient setup from day to day, as well as patient motion during an individual treatment. The system consists of two CCD cameras mounted in the treatment room and focused on the treatment unit isocenter. The cameras are interfaced to a PC via a two channel video board. Special targets, placed on the patient surface are automatically recognized and extracted by our 3D vision software. The three coordinates of each target are determined using a triangulation algorithm. System accuracy, stability and reproducibility were tested in the laboratory as well as in the radiation therapy room. Beside accuracy, the system must ensure the highest reliability and safety in the actual application environment. In this paper we also report on the results of clinical testing performed on a total of 23 patients having various treatment sites and techniques. The system in its present configuration is capable of measuring multiple targets placed on the patient surface during radiation therapy. In the clinical environment the system has an accuracy and repeatability of better than 0.5 mm in Cartesian space over extended periods (> 1 month). The system can measure and report patient position in less than 5 seconds. Clinically we have found that the system can easily and accurately detect patient motion during treatment as well as variations in patient setup from day to day. A brief description of the system and detailed analysis of its performance in the laboratory and in the clinic are presented.
Mitochondria and dystonia: The movement disorder connection? (1999)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Foam Flow in Different Pore Systems—Part 2: The Roles of Pore Attributes on the Limiting Capillary Pressure, Trapping Coefficient, and Relative Permeability of Foamed Gas (2021)

Summary The limiting capillary pressure of foam (Pc*) and foam trapping in porous media are pore-scale foam properties that affect foam transport in porous media. They are strongly influenced by the characteristics of rock pores and throats. Because of experimental limitations, these foam properties are difficult to measure at core scale. As a result, our understanding of their relationship with different pore characteristics is limited. In this paper, novel coreflood and graphical analysis techniques were used to measure Pc* and the foam-trapping coefficient (FTC) at core scale. FTC is a new parameter synonymous to Land’s (1968) trapping coefficient, which describes foam-trapping behavior across an entire range of saturation as opposed to a single endpoint trapped saturation. The scalability of these two foam properties with permeability and other pore characteristics [average pore size (PS), average throat size (TS), average aspect ratio (AR), coordination number (CN), surface area/volume ratio, and reservoir-quality index (RQI)] were also investigated. Pore characteristics of 12 different rock samples were measured from 3D pore-network models generated from high-resolution X-ray computed-microtomography images. The heterogeneity of the rock samples were quantified by the Dykstra-Parsons index (Dysktra and Parsons 1950), while the RQI and J-function methods were used to classify them according to their storage and flow properties. Each of the measured pore characteristics and their combination [combined pore character (CPC)] were then correlated with Pc* and FTC to understand their respective roles. Furthermore, the data points obtained from the graphical analysis of the coreflood data provided the required input data for a mechanistic foam model for relative permeability of foamed gas (Kovscek and Radke 1994). The estimated relative permeability of foamed gas was then used to study foam mobility in the different pore geometries. The overall results showed the following: P c * has strong negative correlations with all pore characteristics except AR, which has a weak positive correlation. P c * has the strongest correlation with RQI, CPC, and permeability; a moderate correlation with CN and TS; and a very weak correlation with PS. Foam trapping has positive correlations with all pore characteristics except AR, which has a negative correlation. Low AR appears to be responsible for significant trapping of foam in high-permeability rocks. Low AR favors more foam trapping, while high AR favors trapping of oil and gas during water imbibition in water-wet rocks. Foam trapping appears to have the dominant control on foam mobility.
Novel DNA and RNA inhibitors of metallo‐β‐lactamase (2006)

Single‐stranded DNA (ss‐DNA), double‐stranded DNA (ds‐DNA) and RNA aptamers have been obtained that are potent inhibitors of the Bacillus cereus 5/B/6 metallo‐β‐lactamase. We have previously reported 30‐ and 10‐residue ss‐DNA aptamers that are noncompetitive metallo‐β‐lactamase inhibitors [R. W. Shaw and S. ‐K. Kim, FASEB Journal 17 , p. A981 (2003)]. We now report the discovery of 30‐residue RNA and 29‐residue ds‐DNA inhibitors of the enzyme. All three classes of aptamers have completely unrelated sequences. The RNA and ds‐DNA are also noncompetitive inhibitors of the metalloenzyme, with IC 50 , K i and K i ’ values in the nanomolar range respectively. The inhibition patterns and metal ion dependence of their inhibition suggest that the oligonucleotides alter the coordination of the active site metal ion(s). Even at relatively high concentrations, neither the DNA nor the RNA aptamers inhibit or indiscriminately chelate the metal active site metal ions of another unrelated zinc enzyme, bovine carboxypeptidase A. Likewise, they do not inhibit the metal‐independent β‐lactamase I of B. cereus 569/H/9, all of which indicates that the inhibition is entirely specific for the metallo‐β‐lactamase. X‐ray diffraction analysis of crystals of the enzyme prepared in the presence of excess ss‐DNA (10‐mer) at 1.5Å resolution reveal that the active site is devoid of both DNA and metal ions. We acknowledge the Welch Foundation (Grant D‐1306).
High-Temperature Crystallization of Thermostable T1 Lipase (2006)

The gene encoding thermostable T1 lipase secreted by Geobacillus sp. strain T1 has been overexpressed in a prokaryotic system. Preliminary crystallization was conducted with crystal screen and crystal screen II through a sitting drop vapor diffusion method with 0.5 mg/mL purified T1 lipase at 16 °C. Crystallization at 16 °C using formulation 21 of crystal screen II at 2.5 mg/mL yielded bigger and more defined crystals. Good crystals could easily be obtained as the temperature was increased further while retaining other conditions. In fact, crystallization of T1 lipase is still possible at 60 °C. The ability to form crystals at 60 °C is a new discovery in lipase crystallization.
Bacterial Nanocellulose Biomaterials with Controlled Architecture for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Customizable Implants (2016)

The bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus (previously known as Acetobacter xylinum) has been shown to produce cellulose fibrils of 10–30 nm in diameter. Through careful control of their motion, it is possible to direct them to produce well-defined three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for tissue reconstruction. This chapter reviews the state of the art in fabrication of tissue engineered structures and biomedical implants using bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). Of particular focus is the use of electric fields to produce highly oriented cellulose networks and also the development 198of a microvascular network within BNC structures. The movement of G. xylinus at the nanoscale can be controlled by electric fields to create custom cellulose networks for engineered tissues and biomedical implants. This is the first attempt to control a bottom-up biofabrication process in three dimensions. The manipulation of electrokinetic forces acting upon a bacterial cell can produce complex cellulose patterns on the nanoscale not achievable in static culture. The ability to control the direction of fiber orientation could be readily expanded to weave structures of multiple fiber layers by changing the orientation of the applied electric field for each layer. Using this method, these structures could be tailored to have desired mechanical properties for a variety of applications, including tissue engineering, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), textiles, and electronics.
Assessment of a rapid clearance blood pool MR contrast medium (P792) for assays of microvascular characteristics in experimental breast tumors with correlations to histopathology (2001)

The diagnostic potential of a new rapid clearance blood pool contrast medium (P792; MW = 6.47 kDa) for the MR assessment of microvessel characteristics was assessed in 42 chemically-induced breast tumors, with comparisons to albumin-(Gd-DTPA). Microvessel characteristics, including the transendothelial permeability (K(PS)) and the fractional blood volume (fPV), were estimated by using dynamic MR data fit to a bidirectional two-compartment model. The MR-derived estimates for K(PS) and fPV using each contrast agent were compared, and assays using each contrast agent were correlated to the histologic tumor grade (SBR score) and the microvascular density (MVD) counts. Using P792-enhanced data, neither K(PS) nor fPV showed a statistically significant correlation with the tumor grade or the MVD (P >.05). Conversely, using albumin-(GdDTPA)(30), K(PS) values correlated significantly with the histologic tumor grade (r =.55; P <.0005) and the MVD (r =.34, P <.05), whereas no correlation was established for fPV. In conclusion, based on P792 data no correlation between tumor microvascular characteristics and histologic markers (SBR score or MVD) was found in this breast tumor model. Our analysis suggests that contrast media of relatively large (on the order of 90 kDa) molecular size, such as albumin-(GdDTPA)(30), are more accurate for the characterization of tumor microvessels.
Combining NMR and LC/MS Using Backward Variable Elimination: Metabolomics Analysis of Colorectal Cancer, Polyps, and Healthy Controls (2016)

Both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) play important roles in metabolomics. The complementary features of NMR and MS make their combination very attractive; however, currently the vast majority of metabolomics studies use either NMR or MS separately, and variable selection that combines NMR and MS for biomarker identification and statistical modeling is still not well developed. In this study focused on methodology, we developed a backward variable elimination partial least-squares discriminant analysis algorithm embedded with Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV-BVE-PLSDA), to combine NMR and targeted liquid chromatography (LC)/MS data. Using the metabolomics analysis of serum for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyps as an example, we demonstrate that variable selection is vitally important in combining NMR and MS data. The combined approach was better than using NMR or LC/MS data alone in providing significantly improved predictive accuracy in all the pairwise comparisons among CRC, polyps, and healthy controls. Using this approach, we selected a subset of metabolites responsible for the improved separation for each pairwise comparison, and we achieved a comprehensive profile of altered metabolite levels, including those in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, and other pathways that were related to CRC and polyps. MCCV-BVE-PLSDA is straightforward, easy to implement, and highly useful for studying the contribution of each individual variable to multivariate statistical models. On the basis of these results, we recommend using an appropriate variable selection step, such as MCCV-BVE-PLSDA, when analyzing data from multiple analytical platforms to obtain improved statistical performance and a more accurate biological interpretation, especially for biomarker discovery. Importantly, the approach described here is relatively universal and can be easily expanded for combination with other analytical technologies.
Strong Inhibitory Activity and Action Modes of Synthetic Maslinic Acid Derivative on Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses: COVID-19 Drug Candidate (2021)

In late December 2019, a novel coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), escaped the animal-human interface and emerged as an ongoing global pandemic with severe flu-like illness, commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, a molecular docking study was carried out for seventeen (<b>17</b>) structural analogues prepared from natural maslinic and oleanolic acids, screened against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, we experimentally validated the virtual data by measuring the half-maximal cytotoxic and inhibitory concentrations of each compound. Interestingly, the chlorinated isoxazole linked maslinic acid (compound <b>17</b>) showed promising antiviral activity at micromolar non-toxic concentrations. Thoughtfully, we showed that compound <b>17</b> mainly impairs the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, a very promising SAR study for the examined compounds was concluded, which could be used by medicinal chemists in the near future for the design and synthesis of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates. Our results could be very promising for performing further additional in vitro and in vivo studies on the tested compound (<b>17</b>) before further licensing for COVID-19 treatment.
Solid Photonic Bandgap Fibres and Applications (2006)

We report on the development of optical fibres which guide light in a solid core using a photonic bandgap effect. The photonic bandgap cladding consists of a two-dimensional array of isolated high-index regions in a lower-index matrix, with a relatively low index contrast. The core is one or more unit cells of the matrix material without the inclusions. The frequency bands for photonic bandgap guidance can be predicted by considering the cut-off frequencies of the guided modes of the high-index rods in the cladding using the weakly-guiding approximation. We demonstrate the basic properties of such fibres and their use as a wavelength-selective element in a fibre laser cavity.
HIV-1gp120: A Novel Viral B Cell Superantigen (1997)

The envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), gp120, has recently been characterized as a novel immunoglobulin superantigen (Ig-SAg) [1,2]. Analogous to the interaction of SAgs with T cells, gp120 binds to an unusually large proportion of immunoglobulins (lgs) from HIV-uninfected individuals; most, if not all of these Igs are members of the VH3 family [3]. Functionally, gp120 preferentially stimulates VH3 B cells in vitro. This stimulation correlates with an in vivo VH3 activation during HIV infection. Curiously, this initial activation is followed by a subsequent depletion of VH3-expressing B cells as individuals progress to AIDS. In this article we will review our current understanding of the superantigenic properties of HIV gp120. Specifically we will focus on structural aspects of the binding interaction. on the ontological development of these superantigen-binding antibodies, and on potential roles that this unconventional Ig-pathogen interaction might play in the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease.
Feature-based hierarchical video segmentation (2002)

This paper describes a feature based, two-pass algorithm for scene break detection in video sequences. In the first pass, the camera cuts are detected on the low resolution video using histogram comparison. The gradual changes are then detected on the high resolution video based on the editing characteristics. Experimental results indicate that the proposed discontinuous cut, dissolve and fade detection method is both computationally low and robust to local changes within the sequences.
Efficient mid-infrared (12 &#x03BC;m) generation by use of a cross resonant optical parametric oscillator (2006)

We report here on an efficient architecture to fulfil such requirements namely the cross resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO). In this configuration, the pump beam is single-passed through two crystals, the signal wave is completely output coupled after one crystal whereas the idler is completely outcoupled after the second one.
<title>MediaGuard: a model-based framework for building streaming media services</title> (2005)

A number of technology and workload trends motivate us to consider the appropriate resource allocation mechanisms and policies for streaming media services in shared cluster environments. We present MediaGuard -- a model-based infrastructure for building streaming media services -- that can efficiently determine the fraction of server resources required to support a particular client request over its expected lifetime. The proposed solution is based on a unified cost function that uses a single value to reflect overall resource requirements such as the CPU, disk, memory, and bandwidth necessary to support a particular media stream based on its bit rate and whether it is likely to be served from memory or disk. We design a novel, segment-based memory model of a media server to efficiently determine in liner time whether a request will incur memory or disk access when given the history of previous accesses and the behavior of the server's main memory file buffer cache. Using the MediaGuard framework, we design a novel, more accurate admission control policy for streaming media servers that accounts for the impact of the server's main memory file buffer cache. Our evaluation shows that, relative to a pessimistic admission control policy that assumes that all content must be served from disk, MediaGuard delivers a factor of two improvement in server throughput.
A bridge type optoelectronic sample and hold circuit (1991)

A novel bridge-type optoelectronic (OE) sample-and-hold circuit based on current steering is proposed and experimentally tested. Experimental comparison between this circuit and the conventional direct OE sample-and-hold circuit shows that the bridge type is clearly superior in performance to the direct OE circuit. When a high speed signal is sampled with high accuracy, the bridge-type OE sample-and-hold is potentially more advantageous over the conventional electronic sample and hold in terms of large charging current capability, commanding signal isolation, fabrication simplicity, accurate timing control, and less time jitter. >
Platelet-derived Endothelial Cell Growth Factor: Structure and function. (1991)

Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) is a 45-kDa single chain polypeptide, which stimulates the growth and chemotaxis of endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Purification from human platelets and cDNA cloning of PD-ECGF disclosed that it is a novel type of angiogenic factor without sequence similarity to hitherto known proteins. PD-ECGF is present in human platelets as well as in placenta. Amino acid sequencing of PD-ECGF from human placenta revealed that the placental form has an additional 5 amino acids at the N-terminus. In cultured cells, it is produced by normal fibroblasts as well as some transformed cell lines. PD-ECGF lacks a hydrophobic signal sequence and remains inside the producer cells. PD-ECGF may act at sites of injury as a wound hormone and thus play an important role under several physiological and pathological conditions.
Epitopes of glycoprotein G of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 located near the C termini elicit type-specific antibody responses in the natural host (1993)

Specific serological diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV4; equine rhinopneumonitis virus) and EHV1 (equine abortion virus) hitherto has not been possible because of extensive antigenic cross-reactivity between these two closely related but distinct viruses. Recently, we identified EHV4 glycoprotein G (gG) and characterized it as a type-specific, secreted glycoprotein (B. S. Crabb, H. S. Nagesha, and M. J. Studdert, Virology 190:143-154, 1992). This paper shows that EHV1 gG also possesses type-specific epitopes and describes the localization of strong, type-specific epitopes to the apparently corresponding and highly variable regions comprising amino acids 287 to 382 of EHV4 gG and 288 to 350 of EHV1 gG. Fusion proteins expressing these variable regions reacted strongly and type specifically with sera from four foals, three of which were colostrum-deprived, specific-pathogen-free foals, whose history with respect to exposure to EHV4 or EHV1 was well-defined. These antigens provided the basis for the development of a single-well diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to distinguish horses infected with EHV4, EHV1, or both. Such a type-specific test provides for the first time the opportunity to differentiate antibodies to these viruses, and it has, therefore, important implications for understanding the epidemiology of these equine pathogens. Evidence for the existence of EHV1 in Australia 10 years prior to the first confirmed case of EHV1 abortion is presented.
Arene‐Immobilized Ru(II)/TsDPEN Complexes: Synthesis and Applications to the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones (2020)

Abstract The Noyori‐Ikariya (arene)Ru(II)/TsDPEN precatalyst has been anchored to amorphous silica and DAVISIL through the η 6 ‐coordinated arene ligand via a straightforward synthesis and the derived systems, (arene)Ru(II)/TsDPEN@silica and (arene)Ru(II)/TsDPEN@DAVISIL, form highly efficient catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of a range of electron‐rich and electron‐poor aromatic ketones, giving good conversion and excellent ee's under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, catalyst generated in situ immediately prior to addition of substrate and hydrogen donor, by reaction of silica‐supported [(arene)RuCl 2 ] 2 with ( S,S )‐TsDPEN, was as efficient as that generated from its preformed counterpart [(arene)Ru{( S,S )‐TsDPEN}Cl]@silica. Gratifyingly, the initial TOFs (up to 1085 h −1 ) and ee's (96–97 %) obtained with these catalysts either rivalled or outperformed those previously reported for catalysts supported by either silica or polymer immobilized through one of the nitrogen atoms of TsDPEN. While the high ee's were also maintained during recycle studies, the conversion dropped steadily over the first three runs due to gradual leaching of the ruthenium.