gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thionyl Chloride-Catalyzed Preparation of Microporous Organic Polymers through Aldol Condensation (2011)

We demonstrated the synthesis of five kinds of microporous organic polymers based on aldol self-condensation of di- and multiacetyl-containing building blocks catalyzed by thionyl chloride. The α,β-unsaturated ketone (dimerization) and 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene (cyclotrimerization) can be observed in the resulting polymers by Fourier transform infrared and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The regular spheres and nanometer-scaled cavities were also seen from scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. The highest Brunauer–Emmet–Teller specific surface area up to 832 m2 g–1 was obtained for the resulting polymers with a pore volume of 0.48 cm3 g–1. The polymers show great hydrogen storage capacities (up to 1.56 wt %) at 77 K and 1 bar. These excellent characteristics would make them become promising candidates for heterogeneous catalysis, separation, and gas storage.
Unsupervised Learning by Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Phase Change Memory (PCM) Synapses (2016)

We present a novel one-transistor/one-resistor (1T1R) synapse for neuromorphic networks, based on phase change memory (PCM) technology. The synapse is capable of spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), where gradual potentiation relies on set transition, namely crystallization, in the PCM, while depression is achieved via reset or amorphization of a chalcogenide active volume. STDP characteristics are demonstrated by experiments under variable initial conditions and number of pulses. Finally, we support the applicability of the 1T1R synapse for learning and recognition of visual patterns by simulations of fully connected neuromorphic networks with 2 or 3 layers with high recognition efficiency. The proposed scheme provides a feasible low-power solution for on-line unsupervised machine learning in smart reconfigurable sensors.
A head-mounted operating binocular for augmented reality visualization in medicine - design and initial evaluation (2002)

Computer-aided surgery (CAS), the intraoperative application of biomedical visualization techniques, appears to be one of the most promising fields of application for augmented reality (AR), the display of additional computer-generated graphics over a real-world scene. Typically a device such as a head-mounted display (HMD) is used for AR. However, considerable technical problems connected with AR have limited the intraoperative application of HMDs up to now. One of the difficulties in using HMDs is the requirement for a common optical focal plane for both the realworld scene and the computer-generated image, and acceptance of the HMD by the user in a surgical environment. In order to increase the clinical acceptance of AR, we have adapted the Varioscope (Life Optics, Vienna), a miniature, cost-effective head-mounted operating binocular, for AR. In this paper, we present the basic design of the modified HMD, and the method and results of an extensive laboratory study for photogrammetric calibration of the Varioscope's computer displays to a real-world scene. In a series of 16 calibrations with varying zoom factors and object distances, mean calibration error was found to be 1.24 +/- 0.38 pixels or 0.12 +/- 0.05 mm for a 640 x 480 display. Maximum error accounted for 3.33 +/- 1.04 pixels or 0.33 +/- 0.12 mm. The location of a position measurement probe of an optical tracking system was transformed to the display with an error of less than 1 mm in the real world in 56% of all cases. For the remaining cases, error was below 2 mm. We conclude that the accuracy achieved in our experiments is sufficient for a wide range of CAS applications.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Video Intra Prediction Using Cross-component Adaptation (2019)

Recently, neural networks were shown to improve video and image intra prediction significantly. In this paper, the properties of different architectures for neural network-based intra prediction are evaluated. This includes an analysis of the properties of convolutional neural networks used for this purpose, showing that they outperform fully connected ones especially for complex and low resolution content. Also, the usage of separate networks for luma and chroma prediction, which are able to perform a learned cross-component prediction, is proposed as this is clearly beneficial for the prediction quality. Furthermore, a new way of signaling a neural network-based intra prediction mode in HEVC is investigated. In total this improves the compression performance in terms of average BD-rate changes by -2.0% for the luma and by -1.5% for the chroma channels.
A Dynamic Vision Sensor With 1% Temporal Contrast Sensitivity and In-Pixel Asynchronous Delta Modulator for Event Encoding (2015)

A dynamic vision sensor (DVS) encodes temporal contrast (TC) of light intensity into address-events that are asynchronously transmitted for subsequent processing. This paper describes a DVS with improved TC sensitivity and event encoding. To enhance the TC sensitivity, each pixel employs a common-gate photoreceptor for low output noise and a capacitively-coupled programmable gain amplifier for continuous-time signal amplification without sacrificing the intra-scene dynamic range. A proposed in-pixel asynchronous delta modulator (ADM) better preserves signal integrity in event encoding compared with self-timed reset (STR) used in previous DVSs. A 60 × 30 prototype sensor array with a 31.2 μm pixel pitch was fabricated in a 1P6M 0.18 μm CMOS technology. It consumes 720 μW at a 100k event/s output rate. Measurements show that a 1% TC sensitivity with a 35% relative standard deviation is achieved and that the in-pixel ADM is up to 3.5 times less susceptible to signal loss than STR in terms of event number. These improvements can facilitate the application of DVSs in areas like optical neuroimaging which is demonstrated in a simulated experiment.
Ceramide Recruits and Activates Protein Kinase C ζ (PKCζ) within Structured Membrane Microdomains (2007)

We have previously demonstrated that hexanoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (C(6)-ceramide), an anti-mitogenic cell-permeable lipid metabolite, limited vascular smooth muscle growth by abrogating trauma-induced Akt activity in a stretch injury model of neointimal hyperplasia. Furthermore, ceramide selectively and directly activated protein kinase C zeta (PKC zeta) to suppress Akt-dependent mitogenesis. To further analyze the interaction between ceramide and PKC zeta, the ability of ceramide to localize within highly structured lipid microdomains (rafts) and activate PKC zeta was investigated. Using rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5), we now demonstrate that C(6)-ceramide treatment results in an increased localization and phosphorylation of PKC zeta within caveolin-enriched lipid microdomians to inactivate Akt. In addition, ceramide specifically reduced the association of PKC zeta with 14-3-3, a scaffold protein localized to less structured regions within membranes. Pharmacological disruption of highly structured lipid microdomains resulted in abrogation of ceramide-activated, PKC zeta-dependent Akt inactivation, whereas molecular strategies suggest that ceramide-dependent PKC zeta phosphorylation of Akt3 at Ser(34) was necessary for ceramide-induced vascular smooth muscle cell growth arrest. Taken together, these data demonstrate that structured membrane microdomains are necessary for ceramide-induced activation of PKC zeta and resultant diminished Akt activity, leading to vascular smooth muscle cell growth arrest.
Incremental Clustering of Mobile Objects (2007)

Moving objects are becoming increasingly attractive to the data mining community due to continuous advances in technologies like GPS, mobile computers, and wireless communication devices. Mining spatio-temporal data can benefit many different functions: marketing team managers for identifying the right customers at the right time, cellular companies for optimizing the resources allocation, web site administrators for data allocation matters, animal migration researchers for understanding migration patterns, and meteorology experts for weather forecasting. In this research we use a compact representation of a mobile trajectory and define a new similarity measure between trajectories. We also propose an incremental clustering algorithm for finding evolving groups of similar mobile objects in spatio-temporal data. The algorithm is evaluated empirically by the quality of object clusters (using Dunn and Rand indexes), memory space efficiency, execution times, and scalability (run time vs. number of objects).
Functional rescue of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced retinopathy by nicotinamide in Sprague-Dawley rats (2003)

NAM can protect photoreceptor cells from MNU-induced retinopathy both structurally and functionally.
Ultrashort-specific immunotherapy successfully treats seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to grass pollen (2011)

Specific immunotherapy is a well-established treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis; conventional regimens are lengthy, however, reducing convenience and cost-effectiveness. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an ultrashort course (four doses) of the immunotherapy Grass Modified Allergen Tyrosine Adsorbate (Allergy Therapeutics, Worthing, U.K.) monophosphoryl lipid A (MATA MPL). Subjects were randomized to receive four injections of either Grass MATA MPL (n = 514; 300-2000 standardized units/injection) or placebo (n = 514) before the grass pollen season. They used electronic diaries to record allergy symptoms and medication use during the pollen season. The primary end point was the difference between the mean combined symptom and medication scores in the Grass MATA MPL and placebo groups during the 4 local peak pollen weeks. The injection course was completed by 95.3 and 97.7% of the Grass MATA MPL and placebo groups, respectively, and was well tolerated. Grass MATA MPL treatment afforded a 13.4% benefit over placebo in the 4 peak pollen weeks (p = 0.0038). The benefit in subjects with 28 complete diary entries during the 4 peak pollen weeks was 26.9% (p = 0.0031). Significant benefits over placebo were observed in subjects with severe symptoms (17.1%; p = 0.0023), in those who had a history of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis for up to 35 years (up to 37.2%; p = 0.0059) and at sites with a higher burden of disease (38.3%; p < 0.0001). The ultrashort course of Grass MATA MPL was well tolerated and provided a significant benefit over placebo in relieving allergy symptoms.
Fall Detection from Human Shape and Motion History Using Video Surveillance (2007)

Nowadays, Western countries have to face the growing population of seniors. New technologies can help people stay at home by providing a secure environment and improving their quality of life. The use of computer vision systems offers a new promising solution to analyze people behavior and detect some unusual events. In this paper, we propose a new method to detect falls, which are one of the greatest risk for seniors living alone. Our approach is based on a combination of motion history and human shape variation. Our algorithm provides promising results on video sequences of daily activities and simulated falls.
Laser beam reading of video records (1978)

In optical video recording the information is usually read from the disk by a scanning laser beam. We apply the theory of imaging in partially coherent light to this, situation. We assume that the disk is a thin phase object, and that the information pattern consists of tracks of a width that is small compared to the diameter of the reading spot. We obtain simple expressions for the amplitudes of the signals generated by the playback system. Also intermodulation products and cross talk between the tracks are considered.
Self‐service in Cologne Public Library (1997)

In October 1994, Cologne Public Library started using eight self‐service units for issues and returns in the central library. Two cash units were added in January 1996. The introduction of self‐service was part of the implementation of the new integrated library system from Automated Library Systems Ltd., and the main objective was to improve the library's service to its customers. This article discusses Cologne's experiences and shows how the concept developed together by ALS and Cologne Public Library is based on three premises: complete integration in the ALS circulation software, with access to the central stock and borrower database; ergonomic front‐end software, user‐friendly hardware; and complete integration of a security system.
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activities of (<i>R</i>)-<i>N</i>-(4′-Substituted)benzyl 2-Acetamido-3-methoxypropionamides (2009)

The structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the N-benzyl group in the clinical antiepileptic agent (R)-lacosamide [(R)-N-benzyl 2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide, (R)-3] has been explored. Forty-three compounds were prepared and then evaluated at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Anticonvulsant Screening Program for seizure protection in the maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous Metrazol models. Comparing activities for two series of substituted aryl regioisomers (2', 3', 4') showed that 4'-modified derivatives had the highest activity. Significantly, structural latitude existed at the 4'-site. The SAR indicated that nonbulky 4'-substituted (R)-3 derivatives exhibited superb activity, independent of their electronic properties. Activities in the MES test of several compounds were comparable with or exceeded that of (R)-3 and surpassed the activities observed for the traditional antiepileptic agents phenytoin, phenobarbital, and valproate.
SNAr nucleophilic substitutions of Cr(CO)3-complexed aryl halides with thiolates under phase-transfer conditions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSNAr nucleophilic substitutions of Cr(CO)3-complexed aryl halides with thiolates under phase-transfer conditionsAndreina Alemagna, Paola Del Buttero, Carlo Gorini, Dario Landini, Emanuela Licandro, and Stefano MaioranaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 4, 605–607Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00152a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00152a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Requirements for kissing-loop-mediated dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus RNA (1996)

Sequences from the 5' end of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus RNA dimerize spontaneously in vitro in a reaction thought to mimic the initial step of genomic dimerization in vivo. Dimer initiation has been proposed to occur through a "kissing-loop" interaction involving a specific RNA stem-loop element designated SL1: the RNA strands first interact by base pairing through a six-base GC-rich palindrome in the loop of SL1, whose stems then isomerize to form a longer interstrand duplex. We now report a mutational analysis aimed at defining the features of SL1 RNA sequence and secondary structure required for in vitro dimer formation. Our results confirm that mutations which destroy complementarity in the SL1 loop abolish homodimer formation, but that certain complementary loop mutants can heterodimerize. However, complementarity was not sufficient to ensure dimerization, even between GC-rich loops, implying that specific loop sequences may be needed to maintain a conformation that is competent for initial dimer contact; the central GC pair of the loop palindrome appeared critical in this regard, as did two or three A residues which normally flank the palindrome. Neither the four-base bulge normally found in the SL1 stem nor the specific sequence of the stem itself was essential for the interaction; however, the stem structure was required, because interstrand complementarity alone did not support dimer formation. Electron microscopic analysis indicated that the RNA dimers formed in vitro morphologically resembled those isolated previously from retroviral particles. These results fully support the kissing-loop model and may provide a framework for systematically manipulating genomic dimerization in type 1 human immunodeficiency virus virions.
Ethanol production from raw satsuma mandarin peel without cooking by using enzyme preparation of Aspergillus niger cultured in the medium containing peel wastes. (1985)

Alcoholic fermentation of raw Satsuma mandarin peel was carried out by a nonconventional method. The enzymes used for liquefaction and saccharification were hydrolases of Aspergillus niger cultured in the medium containing Satsuma mandarin peel as substrate. A 5.2g of ethanol was produced from 100g of raw material in a day. Distillate obtained from raw citrus peel gave out fragrance originated from volatile oils, and high boiling compounds such as d-limonene, citronellal, linalool and α-terpineol were detected. The crude protein content of residue after alcoholic fermentation was 19.4%. Therefore, alcoholic production from peel wastes might be valuable to convert them to commercially valuable products such as liquor and animal feed.
Innovative Modular Membrane Adsorber System for High-Throughput Downstream Screening for Protein Purification (2006)

To develop the most efficient strategy for the purification of proteins, two types of adsorber membrane devices with different functionalities were designed and tested: 8-strips and single spin columns. The most suitable type of membrane adsorber and the optimal chromatographic loading/elution conditions for several target proteins from different biological matrices could be determined simultaneously in microliter scale. Ion exchange (IEX), metal chelate (MC), and Concanavalin A (Con A) modified membrane types were tested in the devices. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins for investigations of the binding capacity and protein recovery percentage of the 8-strip anion exchange and the cation exchange membrane. The isolation of His(6)-tagged proteins, Bgl-His and GFP-His from fermentation broth and lysate, respectively, was performed using an 8-strip metal chelate affinity membrane loaded with different metal ions. Separation behavior of a ternary protein mixture (BSA, lysozyme, and Bgl-His) was studied in 8-strips IEX and metal chelate membrane chromatography. The Con A affinity devices were developed on the basis of metal chelate membrane spin columns loaded with Cu(2+) ions and investigated using glucose oxidase (GOD) as model protein. In summary, the advantages of the membrane adsorber technology, such as fast processing and easy scale-up, were utilized. The devices made it possible to load the membrane directly with preclarified fermentation broth or cell lysate and separate the protein of interest often in a single step.
Improvement of Attitude Estimation Using Hidden Markov Model Classification (2010)

This paper introduces the attitude estimation method of AHRS using an Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) with a filter tuning algorithm based on Hidden Markov Model(HMM). The AHRS uses inertial sensors and magnetometers to calculate its attitude. It is known that the attitude update using gyros are prone to diverge and hence the attitude error needs to compensate using accelerometers and magnetometers. In this paper, a Kalman filter model with a state variables represented by a quaternion is presented and a model changing algorithm is used to make the filter more robust to acceleration and magnetic disturbances. If the AHRS measures any disturbances which are caused by movement of the vehicle, HMM estimates the existence of disturbances. Using these estimates HMM changes the filter gain using tuning parameters of the filter. Results of EKF tuned by HMM indicate that the proposed method makes robust to disturbances more properly.
A framework for interaction of distributed autonomous systems and human supervisors (2002)

Semi-autonomous systems are rapidly gaining importance in a large number of situations relevant to the general public. By their nature, their need for external control is low but still necessary. In this paper, we present a framework for interaction of distributed autonomous systems and human supervisors. This framework exploits progress made in several related areas and shows that they can be effectively combined into one single framework. To this end, it combines an environment for computational steering with virtual reality techniques for visualization and WAP-based communication for ubiquitous intervention. Given the current state for the technology, the current version must be regarded as a proof of principle.
Microfluidic systems in proteomics (2003)

We present the state-of-the-art in miniaturized sample preparation, immunoassays, one-dimensional and multidimensional analyte separations, and coupling of microdevices with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Hyphenation of these different techniques and their relevance to proteomics will be discussed. In particular, we will show that analytical performances of microfluidic analytical systems are already close to fulfill the requirements for proteomics, and that miniaturization results at the same time in a dramatic increase in analysis throughput. Throughout this review, some examples of analytical operations that cannot be achieved without microfluidics will be emphasized. Finally, conditions for the spreading of microanalytical systems in routine proteomic labs will be discussed.
SwapAdvisor (2020)

It is known that deeper and wider neural networks can achieve better accuracy. But it is difficult to continue the trend to increase model size due to limited GPU memory. One promising solution is to support swapping between GPU and CPU memory. However, existing work on swapping only handle certain models and do not achieve satisfactory performance. Deep learning computation is commonly expressed as a dataflow graph which can be analyzed to improve swapping. We propose SwapAdvisor, which performs joint optimization along 3 dimensions based on a given dataflow graph: operator scheduling, memory allocation, and swap decisions. SwapAdvisor explores the vast search space using a custom-designed genetic algorithm. Evaluations using a variety of large models show that SwapAdvisor can train models up to 12 times the GPU memory limit while achieving 53-99% of the throughput of a hypothetical baseline with infinite GPU memory.