gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium Intake Is Associated With Increased Disease Activity In Multiple Sclerosis (P6.150) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between salt consumption and clinical and radiological disease activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). BACKGROUND: Sodium has been recently reported to promote the differentiation of pathogenic T cells and worsen disease in an experimental model of MS. However, the relevance of these observations for MS and other human immune-mediated disorders is unknown. Here, we investigated the relationship between salt consumption and MS disease clinical and radiological activity. DESIGN/METHODS: Sodium intake was calculated in urine samples from a cohort of 70 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients followed for two years. During the follow-up, clinical and radiological assessment was performed every 3-6 months or in the occurrence of a relapse. The effect of sodium intake in MS disease activity was estimated by regression analysis. We then replicated our findings in a separate group of 52 MS patients. RESULTS: We found a positive correlation between exacerbation rates and sodium intake in a multivariate model adjusted for age, gender, disease duration, smoking status, vitamin D levels, BMI and treatment. We found an exacerbation rate that was 2.75- (95% CI 1.3-5.8) or 3.95-fold (95% CI 1.4-11.2) higher in patients with medium or high sodium intakes compared with the low-intake group. Additionally, individuals with high sodium intake had a 3.4-fold greater chance of developing a new lesion on the MRI and on average had eight more T2 lesions on MRI. A similar relationship was found in the independent replication group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a higher sodium intake is associated with increased clinical and radiological disease activity in MS patients. Study Supported by: FLENI and Novartis Argentina
Modified Surface Texturing of Aluminium-Doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) Transparent Conductive Oxides for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells (2013)

For thin-film solar cells, the properties of the front transparent conductive oxide (TCO) electrode is an important factor in determining the overall performance of the solar cells. An efficient light trapping scheme is required to increase the optical light path and thus enhance the photon absorption within the solar cells. Improved photon absorption is necessary to increase the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and thus the efficiency of cells. In this paper we report the results of the texturing of aluminium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al or AZO) thin films for enhanced light scattering. AZO films were deposited onto soda-lime glass sheets by in-line DC magnetron sputtering. An effective AZO texturing method was developed using diluted hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) acids through either a two-step etching or a mixed etching process, which significantly improves the uniformity of the textured surface. Texturing based on HCl and HF combines the advantages of the large craters created by HCl etching and smaller jagged but uniform features resulting from HF etching. In this work, we demonstrate that by adopting the two-step or the mixed texturing method, it is possible to achieve high haze values of above 40% with very low surface roughness values. The combination of low surface roughness and high haze is beneficial to prevent shunting issues, and is thus very attractive for the fabrication of thin-film silicon solar cells.
Preparation of ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) myoglobin and the reaction of dioxygen, and carbon monoxide, with ruthenium(II) myoglobin. (1979)

Ruthenium myoglobins have been prepared by the reconstitution of horse heart apomyoglobin with either ruthenium(II) or ruthenium(III) mesoporphyrin IX (MpIX) derivatives. The ruthenium(II) and -(III) myo globins (RuMb and RuMb+, respectively) contain one ruthenium porphyrin/heme binding site; the species are readily interconverted using dithionite for reduction and bromine for oxidation. RuMb binds carbon monoxide to give the known carbonyl complex. Reversible oxygenation occurs readily with protein-free RuII(MpIX) species in dimethylformamide, but RuMb in phosphate buffer is irreversibly oxidized by dioxygen to give RuMb+ via an outer sphere electron transfer mechanism.
Model order selection for boolean matrix factorization (2011)

Matrix factorizations---where a given data matrix is approximated by a product of two or more factor matrices---are powerful data mining tools. Among other tasks, matrix factorizations are often used to separate global structure from noise. This, however, requires solving the `model order selection problem' of determining where fine-grained structure stops, and noise starts, i.e., what is the proper size of the factor matrices.
Flame visualizations using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) (2001)

Stray-immune circuits are available that will measure very small floating capacitances at high speed These circuits have facilitated the development of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT), which uses fixed, robust metal plates as sensors, arranged non-intrusively around the periphery of the volume of interest. The phenomenon of flame ionization is well understood, with general agreement that the concentration of all the major ions maximize at the flame front. There is also strong experimental evidence to suggest that the presence of carbon particles (and their precursors) results in a large increase in the charge carrying capacity of the flame. This paper reports some initial results from using ECT to visualize the position, size, composition and movement in flames in open and closed combustion chambers.
4-way handshaking protection for wireless mesh network security in smart grid (2013)

Wireless mesh/sensor networks offer various unique features such as self-configuration, ease of installation, scalability, and self-healing, which make them very attractive for deployment in various smart grid domains, such as Home Area Networks (HAN), Neighborhood Area Networks (NAN), and substation/plant-generation local area networks for real-time monitoring and control. Their main drawback is that they are more exposed to cyber-attack as data packets have to be relayed on a hop-by-hop basis. This paper presents a dynamically updating key distribution strategy, together with a message protection scheme in support of 4-way handshaking. For the 4-way handshaking, we propose a hash based encryption scheme to secure the unprotected message exchanges during the handshaking process. This is aimed at improving the resiliency of the network in the situation where an intruder carries a denial of service attack. We then evaluate the security of the proposed scheme against cyber-attack, as well as network performance in terms of delay and overhead.
일산화탄소 센서를 이용한 금연 유도 팔찌 (2015)

Recently, interest in the non smoking has increased in national and world. Because, various non smoking policy and various non smoking products have...
Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome and Brain Iron Metabolism (1991)

Aberrant iron metabolism in the brain is typified by Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. In this disorder, large amounts of iron are deposited in the globus pallidus and the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. It is characterized by extrapyramidal dysfunction, as demonstrated by dystonia, rigidity, and choreoathetosis; onset during the first two decades of life; and progression of signs and symptoms. Corroborative findings include corticospinal tract involvement, ie, spasticity and extensor toe signs, progressive intellectual impairment, retinitis pigmentosa and optic atrophy (usually associated visual evoked response and electroretinogram abnormalities), seizures, familial occurrence, hypointense areas in the basal ganglia on magnetic resonance imaging scans (particularly in the substantia nigra), abnormal cytosomes in circulating lymphocytes, and sea-blue histiocytes in bone marrow. Iron function in normal brain metabolism is manifold, but high concentrations of iron in the basal ganglia area may signal a unique relationship. Data support the likelihood that iron plays a role in the modulation of dopamine binding to postsynaptic receptors. In addition, transferrin receptors and iron are also concentrated in oligodendrocytes in normal brain and, thus, may have a function in myelination. A role of iron also seems likely in oxidation and peroxidation reactions involving membranes and DNA, a capability that becomes uncontrolled when protective biologic mechanisms become inadequate.
Investigation of Cerium-Doped Barium Fluoride (1986)

BaF2 doped with cerium in the 2.7-4.5 mol percent range has been shown to have a peak scintillation emission at 365 nm with a decay constant of approximately 50 nano-seconds. The relative light output decreases with increasing cerium content; in this work it ranged from 0.5 to 0.3 with respect to pure BaF2 and from 1.2 to 0.7 relative to CsF. Pulse height resolution for the BaF2(Ce) samples ranged from 1.7 to 2.0 times that for pure BaF2. Timing measurements show that coincident resolving times for BaF2(Ce) lie between those of pure BaF2 and CsF and those of BGO. The scintillation efficiency was found to be independent of temperature from room temperature to 70°C and to fall off moderately at higher temperatures.
The status of small business growth and entrepreneurial start-up capital availability during the current extended economic downturn (2016)

Since the 2007 and 2008 economic downturn in the United States and most other countries of the world, it has become difficult for small business and entrepreneurial start-ups to obtain funds for expansion and seed capital even if they are brave enough to attempt to grow their businesses or startups in the depressed widespread economic conditions. Different sources of possible funding are reviewed along with short and long term costs and benefits of each are discussed. Good decision making and wise choices are discussed and encouraged from a long term business success perspective
Research on orthogonal wavelet synthesized UWB waveform signal (2006)

Based on the Haar wavelet synthesized narrow pulse technique, the paper initially puts forward a diversity receiving and transmitting technique of Haar waveform (WD) of UWB signal. The narrow pulses synthesized by each order of Haar wavelet are sent to the receiving system through the transmitting system. The receiver uses coherent detection technique to detect each order of Haar wavelet, which can extract accurately each order of Haar wavelet in the transmitted UWB narrow pulse. The proposed method has important significance for the practical applications due to the easier implementation of Haar wavelet.
Using <i>meshes</i> for MeSH term enrichment and semantic analyses (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The in-vitro effect of fibrinogen, factor XIII and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor on clot formation and susceptibility to tissue plasminogen activator-induced fibrinolysis in hemodilution model (2012)

Patients suffering major traumatic or surgical bleeding are often exposed to hemodilution resulting in dilutional coagulopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of fibrinogen, factor XIII and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) on clot formation and resistance to fibrinolysis in hemodilution conditions. Citrated whole blood from 36 healthy volunteers was diluted to 30 and 60% with lactated Ringer's solution. Blood samples were subsequently supplemented with fibrinogen, FXIII, TAFI or their combinations. Rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in whole blood and thrombin generation in plasma were performed in the presence of CaCl₂ and tissue factor/EXTEM reagent, and fibrinolysis was induced by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Hemodilution was expressed by decrease of peak height in thrombin generation and α-angle and maximum clot firmness (MCF) in ROTEM. Fibrinogen, FXIII or TAFI did not correct the decrease in thrombin generation peak height. In ROTEM, spiking of diluted blood with fibrinogen stimulated clot propagation. In tPA-treated blood fibrinogen, FXIII and TAFI increased clot firmness and inhibited fibrinolysis. Stronger protection against fibrinolysis was achieved combining FXIII with TAFI. Hemodilution was associated with inhibition of thrombin generation; however, this effect was not sensitive to blood spiking with fibrinogen, FXIII and TAFI. In ROTEM, these hemostasis agents improved clot strength and decreased clot susceptibility to tPA in nondiluted and to more extent in diluted blood. The maximal protection against fibrinolysis was caused by TAFI. Combining FXIII with TAFI exerted synergistic inhibitory effect on fibrinolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 16‐Desmethylepothilone B: Improved Methodology for the Rapid, Highly Selective and Convergent Construction of Epothilone B and Analogues. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Nonfluorescent Bonding of Microspheres to Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers and Imaging Fluorescence from Bonded Cantilevers with Single Molecule Sensitivity (2009)

A technique to attach silica and glass microspheres onto silicon or silicon nitride cantilevers using silica nanoparticle sol-gel chemistry is presented and a method to image the fluorescence background from the bonded cantilevers with single molecule sensitivity is described. The silica nanoparticles polymerize to form a highly branched network that covalently link the microsphere and cantilever together. The bonding is carried out at room temperature which preserves the integrity of the cantilevers and their reflective coating. Comparison of cantilever and single dye molecule fluorescence demonstrates that the cantilevers are nonfluorescent at the single molecule level.
Solvent extraction of nitrogen compounds from a coal tar fraction. (Part 1). Effect of extraction conditions on the extraction rate and the selectivities of nitrogen compounds. (1990)

メタノール-水系溶媒を用いて常温常圧下でコールタール吸収油留分 (原料油) からの窒素化合物の抽出分離実験を行った。原料油とメタノールの混合油に水を添加すると, メタノールはそのほぼ全量がすみやかに水層へ抽出された。このとき, 原料油中に含まれる窒素化合物はメタノールに随伴されてメタノール-水層へ抽出された。メタノール/原料油比が高いほど窒素化合物の抽出率は高くなるが, 選択率は低下した。原料油/メタノール/水比が2/2/2(容積比) の場合, 抽出物 (メタノール-水層可溶分) のほぼ全量が窒素化合物であり, キノリン, イソキノリン, インドールの3成分の合計でも55%に達した。
Non-breath-hold high b-value diffusion-weighted MRI with parallel imaging technique: apparent diffusion coefficient determination in normal abdominal organs. (2008)

Knowledge of ADC values for normal abdominal organs will be required during quantitative evaluation of DW-MR images in diseases in accordance with the technique used. We believe that further studies investigating the effect of diseases on normal ADC values are necessary and would be helpful in quantitative DWI.
Rapid Detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> via Enzymatically Triggered Reactions in Self-Reporting Chitosan Hydrogels (2015)

In this work, a self-reporting hydrogel for the rapid in situ detection of bacterial enzymes is reported. To implement the reporting function for the bacterium Escherichia coli into a film-based sensing format, chitosan hydrogel films on solid backing supports were equipped with a reporting function for the enzyme β-glucuronidase (β-GUS), which is secreted by >98% of all known E. coli strains. Covalent coupling of the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide or the complementary chromogenic substrate 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide via amide bond formation afforded an attachment that is stable for >24 h under physiological conditions. By contrast, in the presence of β-GUS, the reporter dyes were very rapidly cleaved and produced a signal for the presence of the enzyme, which was detectable by bare eye under appropriate illumination. Detailed investigations of the enzymatic reaction for both types of substrates in neat enzyme solution as well as in bacterial supernatant revealed the apparent reaction kinetics and allowed us to determine the concentration of β-GUS in the supernatant. Under optimized conditions, the 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide-functionalized hydrogel reported the presence of β-GUS within 15 min with a limit of detection of <1 nM. Finally, the function of the generally applicable hydrogel-film-based sensing approach, which is compatible with polymer-film-based applications, including wound dressings and packaging materials, and is also amenable to address noncultivatable pathogenic bacteria by using appropriate fluorogenic or chromogenic substrates, was demonstrated by direct application with bacterial medium.
Developing JavaBeans Using VisualAge for Java (1998)

Breaking Open the Box Building the Hello World Applet Making a Better Applet Understanding JavaBeans Making Invisible JavaBeans Making an Advanced Calculator Debugging a Bean Deploying Java Applets Layering JavaBeans Building a Java Application Messenger Summary Index.
Unique atmospheric plasma surface pretreatment approach for improving adhesion (2007)

Abstract Three‐dimensional parts and web‐processed products comprised of polyolefins, such as polypropylene, have low levels of polar functional groups on the surface and poor wettability and adhesion properties, thus making it difficult to apply other functional layers such as dyes, inks, adhesives, and coatings. To enhance surface polarity, surface treatments such as flame, corona, or plasma can be applied to improve wettability and adhesion. Plasma can be used specifically as a preparatory treatment for the photografting approach recommended in this paper in order to achieve high stability in treatment and permanent changes to the surface. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:87–90, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
The synthesis and X-ray structure of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the preparation of a new type of polyimide showing excellent transparency and heat resistance (2000)

Some polyimide films based on cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) and aromatic diamines were synthesized to investigate their temperature resistance and percent transmission of light. The preparations of CBDA were investigated; they produced almost 10 times the yield of CBDA in comparison to yields obtained by previous methods. The configuration of CBDA was determined by X-ray analysis to be cis–trans–cis. The polymer films showed excellent thermal resistance and were transparent and colorless, desirable characteristics for practical applications in the field of polymer engineering. However, the polymer obtained from a pyromellitic dianhydride instead of from CBDA was deep yellow and not desirable for high-qualified display materials such as liquid-crystal displays. The percent transmission of the polymers obtained from CBDA and aromatic diamines ranged from 81.5 to 85.8%, whereas the deep-yellow polymers showed low percent transmissions ranging from 48 to 63.9%. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 108–116, 2000
1.1-Gb/s White-LED-Based Visible Light Communication Employing Carrier-Less Amplitude and Phase Modulation (2012)

We demonstrate 1.1-Gb/s visible light communication (VLC) employing carrier-less amplitude and phase modulation (CAP) and a commercially available phosphorescent white light emitting diode (LED). Optical blue filtering, precompensation, and decision feedback equalization are used to compensate the frequency response of the phosphor-based white LED. Various modulation orders of CAP signals are investigated to maximize the capacity of the VLC system. The record data rate of 1.1 Gb/s with the bit error rate performance below the FEC limit of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> is successfully achieved >; 23-cm air-transmission via a 220-MBaud 32-CAP signal.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols on InAs (2009)

We describe the deposition and properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of methyl-terminated alkanethiols on InAs(001) surface. For these model hydrophobic films, we used water contact angle measurements to survey the preparation of alkanethiol monolayers from base-activated ethanolic solutions as a function of the solution and deposition parameters, including chain length of alkanethiols, deposition time, and solution temperature and pH. We then used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and electrochemistry to characterize the composition and structure of octadecanethiol (ODT) monolayers deposited on InAs under optimized conditions. When applied to a thoroughly degreased InAs(001) wafer surface, the basic ODT solution removes the native oxide without excessively etching the underlying InAs(001) substrate. The resulting film contains approximately one monolayer of ODT molecules, attached to the InAs surface almost exclusively via thiolate bonds to In atoms, with organic chains extended away from the surface. These ODT monolayers are stable against degradation and oxidation in air, organic solvents, and aqueous buffers. The same base-activated ODT treatment can also be used to passivate exposed InAs/AlSb quantum well (QW) devices, preserving the unique electronic properties of InAs surfaces and allowing the operation of such passivated devices as continuous flow pH-sensors.
Techniques for testing component-based software (2002)

Component-based software engineering is increasingly being adopted for software development. Although much work has been proposed for building component-based-systems, techniques for testing component-based systems have not been well developed. We present a test model that depicts a generic infrastructure of component-based systems and suggests key test elements. The test model is realized using a component interaction graph (CIG) in which the interactions and the dependence relationships among components are illustrated. By utilizing the CIG, we propose a family of test adequacy criteria which allow optimization of the balancing among budget, schedule, and quality requirements typically necessary in software development. The methodology proposed is efficient and effective, as demonstrated by promising results obtained from a case study.
GMPLS-Based Hybrid 1+N Link Protection Over p-Cycles: Design and Performance (2007)

In [1], the author introduced a strategy to use network coding on p-Cycles in order to provide 1+N protection for straddling connections and links against single link failures in mesh optical networks. In this paper we extend the work in [1] and introduce a GMPLS-based implementation of this strategy for link protection, that is also used to protect on-cycle links. We refer to this scheme as hybrid 1+N protection, since some data units are transmitted without being combined with other data units. The strategy uses a combination of GMPLS standard label switched paths (LSP) for protecting on-cycle links, and modified LSPs, which we refer to as label switched cycles (LSC), for protecting straddling links. The strategy does not have to explicitly detect failures, but rather detects the absence of data units. Destinations receive backup copies of packets within no more than the p-Cycle propagation delay for on-cycle link failures, and no more than the sum of the propagation delays of the p-Cycle and the longest straddling link for straddling link failures. The implementation details of this strategy are presented, and the cost of implementation, in terms of link usage is evaluated and is shown to be modest. This scheme can therefore provide protection at higher layers, at a speed that is comparable to that achieved at the physical layer, but at a much reduced cost, while being flexible, and requiring less involvement from the management and control planes.