gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Acid-catalyzed pinacol rearrangement: chemically amplified reverse polarity change</title> (1991)

The reverse polarity change from a polar to a nonpolar state has been successfully incorporated in the design of chemical amplification resists. The imaging mechanism is based on the pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement, wherein vic-diols (pinacols) are converted to ketones or aldehydes with photochemically generated acid as a catalyst. In addition to a polymeric pinacol which undergoes the rearrangement very cleanly in the solid state, aqueous base developable three-component negative deep UV resist systems are described, which are based on phenolic resins, small pinacols, and triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate as the acid generator.
Tunable photonic crystals fabricated in III-V semiconductor slab waveguides using infiltrated liquid crystals (2003)

Microcavity structures formed by two-dimensional photonic crystal mirrors with triangular lattice and a crystal period of 280 nm suitable for transmission experiments at about 1 μm were fabricated in III-V semiconductor planar waveguides. The photonic crystals were filled with a liquid crystal of type E7. The wavelength of the resonance peak can be shifted by the temperature-dependent refractive index of the liquid crystal. The temperature shift follows the typical refractive index behavior of liquid crystals, with a jump in wavelength at the clearing point (about 60 °C) and a continuous shift below. The wavelength jump is about 4 nm within a few Kelvin, while the total shift amounts to 9 nm between 20 and 70 °C. The experimental results agree well with the calculated temperature dependent photonic band structure by assuming a preferential alignment of the liquid-crystal molecules parallel to the holes.
Fuzzy Weibull for risk analysis (2002)

Reliability and the life of components are frequently prime safety considerations. Extensive qualitative analysis employing probabilistic risk assessment has been widely performed to minimize hazards or accidents. Weibull probability data and information is a vital tool of quantitative risk assessments, but so are qualitative methods such as fault tree analysis. Qualitative aspects of product risk are subjective and contain many uncertainties. Most risk analyses do not have a means of dealing with uncertainty. Fuzzy set theoretical methods deal with supporting reasoning with uncertainty efficiently and conclusively. A unique fuzzy logic method employing Weibulls to represent membership functions for a set of fuzzy values along with "crisp" values has been developed for addressing uncertainties. The paper describes a type of AI software for risk analysis. A complete description is presented with parallels to previous methods. The model discussed is called fuzzy fault tree (FFT). It employs "fuzzy Weibull" membership functions which have been demonstrated in a working prototype. The prototype system which provides maximum utility in minimizing risk uncertainties is programmed in C for Apple Macintosh platforms. The results validate this application of fuzzy logic to qualitative risk assessment modeling, and lend credibility to the validity of the approach. The fuzzy Weibulls used in the modeling process perform quite well. Before developing FFT into an operational system, several calibration trials with a variety of risk assessment problems will be attempted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on Preparation of Puerarin Phytosomes and Their Solid Dispersions (2006)

OBJECTIVE To optimize preparation techniques for puerarin phytosomes and explore their solid dispersions to increase the dissolution of puerarin in vitro.METHODS The preparation conditions for puerarin phytosomes were optimized by means of orthogonal design,and the puerarin-phytosome-PVP coprecipitates were prepared by means of solvent evaporation.The accumulative dissolution rate of puerarin in coprecipitates with different ratios of puerarin-phytosomes to PVP was investigated according to dissolution release in vitro.RESULTS The optimized preparation conditions for puerarin phytosomes were obtained as follows.Solvent was ethanol.The ratio of puerarin to phospholipid was 1 to 1.2.Temperature was 30 ℃.Reaction time was 0.5 h.The solubility of puerarin was enhanced by 2.08,1.42 and 1.82 times in three media with different pH and its oil/water apparent partition coefficient was also enhanced by 1.11,1.25 and 1.30 times respectively by phospholipid.The accumulative dissolution rate of puerarin-phytosome-PVP coprecipitate(ratio of mass was 1 to 3) was significantly higher than that of its physical mixture and puerarin phytosome.CONCLUSION Phospholipid can effectively enhance the solubility and oil/water apparent partition coefficient of puerarin,and the coprecipitate of puerarin-phytosome and PVP can improve its dissolution in vitro,but the pharmacokinetics needs further study.
High-frequency radar observations of the June 2013 US East Coast meteotsunami (2013)

We report here on the observation and offline detection of the meteotsunami off the New Jersey coast on June 13, 2013, using coastal radar systems and tide gauges. This work extends the previous observations of tsunamis originating in Japan and Indonesia. The radars observed the meteotsunami 23 km offshore, 47 min before it arrived at the coast. Subsequent observations showed it moving onshore. The neighboring tide gauge height reading provides confirmation of the radar observations near the shore.
Vector Execution of Flow Graphs (1983)

Cons~deraUon ~s given to the optunal scheduling of an SIMD (Single Instrucuon Multiple Data) machine that ~s a set of processors synchronized at the instruction level so that only one mstrucuon may be executed at a time, but that instrucuon may be executed by all or any subset of the set of processors Each processor is assumed to be executing the same program; however, since each Is operatmg on different data, each may take a different path through that program. A scheduler decides at each point m tune wluch instruction to execute next without knowledge of the future paths through the program that each processor wall take An optunal scheduler would schedule these execuuons to minimize the total execution tune (number of instructions executed). Programs for which such an opttmal scheduler exists are characterized by graph-theoreuc properties of the corresponding flow graph: They are exactly the reducible flow graphs w~th only disJoint cycles. Scheduling methods based on pnoray ordering and node listing are compared as to worst-case behavior on programs for which no optunal scheduler exists
Two Circular Single‐stranded DNAs Associated with Banana Bunchy Top Virus (1994)

Abstract Nucleic acids extracted from partially purified banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) consisted of 20 Kb DNA, 0.9–1.1 Kb DNA and 0.3 Kb RNA. Partially purified BBTV preparations predigested with DNase and RNase before particle disruption and nucleic acid isolation yielded only the 0.9–1.1 Kb DNA, but no corresponding nucleic acid band was obtained in total nucleic acid isolated from healthy banana tissue. Analysis of two BBTV cDNA clones showed that clone 1 consisted of 287 nucleotides and clone 2 contained a 1.0 Kb DNA insert. Clone 1 is not part of clone 2. When two pairs of primers, each pair in opposite orientation were used to amplify BBTV DNA by PCR using the total DNA from diseased banana tissues or DNA encapsidated in BBTV particle as the template, a DNA product of 1.1 Kb was generated by both, results indicating that the BBTV DNAs are circular. Additional results suggested that BBTV contained at least two circular ssDNAs designated BBTV cssDNA I (containing clone 1 nucleotide sequence) and BBTV cssDNA II (containing clone 2 nucleotide sequence).
Genetic variation in the vasopressin receptor 1a gene ( <i>AVPR1A</i> ) associates with pair-bonding behavior in humans (2008)

Pair-bonding has been suggested to be a critical factor in the evolutionary development of the social brain. The brain neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) exerts an important influence on pair-bonding behavior in voles. There is a strong association between a polymorphic repeat sequence in the 5' flanking region of the gene (avpr1a) encoding one of the AVP receptor subtypes (V1aR), and proneness for monogamous behavior in males of this species. It is not yet known whether similar mechanisms are important also for human pair-bonding. Here, we report an association between one of the human AVPR1A repeat polymorphisms (RS3) and traits reflecting pair-bonding behavior in men, including partner bonding, perceived marital problems, and marital status, and show that the RS3 genotype of the males also affects marital quality as perceived by their spouses. These results suggest an association between a single gene and pair-bonding behavior in humans, and indicate that the well characterized influence of AVP on pair-bonding in voles may be of relevance also for humans.
Recordings–quarterly check list 15 (1976)

Recordings–quarterly check list 15 Get access JUDY SMITH JUDY SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 1976, Pages 113–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/4.1.113 Published: 01 January 1976
High diastereoselection in the alkylation of siloxy-substituted methyl cyclopropanecarboxylates: consequence of a pyramidal ester enolate anion? (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh diastereoselection in the alkylation of siloxy-substituted methyl cyclopropanecarboxylates: consequence of a pyramidal ester enolate anion?Hans Ulrich Reissig and Ingrid BoehmCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6, 1735–1737Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00370a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00370a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reviews (2010)

Over the Coasts—An Aerial View of Geology, by M. Collier, ISBN 978-1931414425, Mikaya Press, 2009, 120 pp, US $34.95. Seismic Interferometry, by Gerard T. Schuster, ISBN 978-0-521-87124-2, Cambridge, 2009, 260 pp. Introduction to Seismology (Second Edition), by Peter M. Shearer, ISBN 978-0-521-88210-1 (hardback), Cambridge, 2009, 396 pp, US $70 (paperback), $140.00 (hardback).
Crystallinity Determination (2004)

Abstract This article presents an overview of the most important experimental methods used to obtain degrees of crystallinity of semicrystalline polymers. Determination of relative and absolute crystallinites using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction methods is presented first, accompanied by several examples from the literature. This is followed by discusssion of thermal analysis [in particular, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)], probably the most widely used technique for crystallinity determination. Preferred procedures for determining crystallinites from DSC traces are also provided in brief. The use of vibrational spectroscopy (particularly FTIR) in this context is also reviewed, as is the use of several solid‐state NMR methods. The latter are illustrated by presenting selected examples and appropriate references.
Kinase inhibitors as potential agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma (2016)

Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of therapeutic options available for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - from immunomodulating agents to proteasome inhibitors to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies. Used in conjunction with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, these modalities have nearly doubled the disease's five-year survival rate over the last three decades to about 50%. In spite of these advances, MM still is considered incurable as resistance and relapse are common. While small molecule protein kinase inhibitors have made inroads in the therapy of a number of cancers, to date their application to MM has been less than successful. Focusing on MM, this review examines the roles played by a number of kinases in driving the malignant state and the rationale for target development in the design of a number of kinase inhibitors that have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in both in vitro and in vivo xenograph models, as well as those that have entered clinical trials. Among the targets and their inhibitors examined are receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, cell cycle control kinases, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, casein kinase, integrin-linked kinase, sphingosine kinase, and kinases involved in the unfolded protein response.
Sharing manufacturing information in virtual enterprises (1996)

1 Microsoft OLE also defines a framework that allows applications to interoperate. CORBA is used here because, at the time of writing, OLE did not allow applications to interoperate over wide-area networks and did not use a general-purpose definition language to define its interfaces.
A Gapless, Unambiguous RNA Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequence of a Unique SARS-CoV-2 Variant Encoding Spike S813I and ORF1a A859V Substitutions (2020)

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing an unprecedented pandemic, threatening planetary health, society, and economy. Genomic surveillance continues to be a critical effort toward tracking the virus and containing its spread, and more genomes from diverse geographical areas and different time points are needed to provide an appropriate representation of the virus evolution. In this study, we report the successful assembly of one single gapless, unambiguous contiguous sequence representing the complete viral genome from a nasopharyngeal swab of an infected health care worker in Cairo, Egypt. The sequence has all typical features of SARS-CoV-2 genomes, with no protein-disrupting mutations. However, three mutations are worth highlighting and future tracking: a synonymous mutation causing a rare spike S813I variation and two less frequent ones leading to an A41V variation in NSP3, encoded by ORF1a (ORF1a A895V), and a Q677H variation in the spike protein. Both affected proteins, S and NSP3, are relevant to vaccine and drug development. Although the genome, named CU_S3, belongs to the prevalent global genotype, marked by the D614G spike variation, the combined variations in the spike proteins and ORF1a do not co-occur in any of the 197,000 genomes reported to date. Future studies will assess the biological, pathogenic, and epidemiological implications of this set of genetic variations. This line of research is needed to inform vaccine and therapeutic innovation to stem the COVID-19 pandemic.
Time-based arithmetic using step functions (2004)

We describe a set of basic circuit building blocks for computation using an analog temporal step function representation for the inputs and outputs. Methods for computing weighted averages and thresholded differences are described. These techniques have advantages as CMOS process technologies scale since they minimize the analog circuitry required. We show an example of a time-based edge detector that directly interfaces to the output of a time-to-first spike imager.
DNA methylation and substance-use risk: a prospective, genome-wide study spanning gestation to adolescence (2016)

Epigenetic processes have been implicated in addiction; yet, it remains unclear whether these represent a risk factor and/or a consequence of substance use. Here, we believe we conducted the first genome-wide, longitudinal study to investigate whether DNA methylation patterns in early life prospectively associate with substance use in adolescence. The sample comprised of 244 youth (51% female) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), with repeated assessments of DNA methylation (Illumina 450k array; cord blood at birth, whole blood at age 7) and substance use (tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use; age 14-18). We found that, at birth, epigenetic variation across a tightly interconnected genetic network (n=65 loci; q<0.05) associated with greater levels of substance use during adolescence, as well as an earlier age of onset amongst users. Associations were specific to the neonatal period and not observed at age 7. Key annotated genes included PACSIN1, NEUROD4 and NTRK2, implicated in neurodevelopmental processes. Several of the identified loci were associated with known methylation quantitative trait loci, and consequently likely to be under significant genetic control. Collectively, these 65 loci were also found to partially mediate the effect of prenatal maternal tobacco smoking on adolescent substance use. Together, findings lend novel insights into epigenetic correlates of substance use, highlight birth as a potentially sensitive window of biological vulnerability and provide preliminary evidence of an indirect epigenetic pathway linking prenatal tobacco exposure and adolescent substance use.
The Selective Protection of Uridine with a <i>p</i>-Methoxybenzyl Chloride: A Synthesis of 2′-<i>O</i>-Methyluridine (1990)

Abstract 2′-O-Methyluridine was prepared through 5 steps from uridine by use of p-methoxybenzyl group (PMB) as an N3-protecting group of uridine. A chemoselective protection method has been developed by use of DBU as a base and deprotection was effected by AlCl3–anisole system.
Non invasive testing in carotid artery occlusive disease: the value of direct Doppler ultrasonography. (1986)

Non invasive examination of carotid artery occlusive disease, as performed in our vascular laboratory, was compared to angiographic and operative findings in 65 patients (74 arteries). The sensitivity of carotid phonoangiography alone in detecting carotid artery stenosis was 73%. Ophthalmic flow direction was reversed in only 32% of stenosed arteries. Resistance index of directional Doppler sonography was high in only 15% of stenosed arteries. The most reliable part of the whole examination proved to be the direct "auscultation" of the carotid vessels in the neck. The overall sensitivity and specificity of this test was 88% and 64%, respectively; sensitivity being 94% for stenoses of over 50% in diameter and 55% for stenoses less than 50% in diameter. The major drawback of the test was its subjectiveness.
An 80 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier Resilient to the TX Spillover in Phase-Modulated Continuous-Wave Radars (2016)

An 80 GHz transmitter leakage cancellation circuit is implemented and integrated together with a low-noise amplifier (LNA) as part of a receiver front-end for a phase-modulated continuous-wave radar. The cancellation is achieved by subtracting a copy of the leakage signal from the received one at the output of the LNA. The system incorporates an analog feedback loop to adjust the amplitude of the leakage copy, as well as a vector modulator to adjust its phase. The proposed 80 GHz LNA with transmitter leakage cancellation is implemented in 28 nm CMOS technology and achieves a gain of 15.2 dB, NF of 5.5 dB, and IP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> of -15.5 dBm while attenuating the transmitter leakage by 27.5 dB.
High-speed modulation of a compact silicon ring resonator (2009)

We demonstrate high speed modulation based on a compact silicon ring resonator operating in depletion mode. Our device features an electrical small signal bandwidth of approximately 19 GHz, which is the fastest silicon ring resonator modulator reported to date.
Comparison of normal tissue <i>R</i><sub><i>1</i></sub> and <i>R</i> modulation by oxygen and carbogen (2008)

Magnetic resonance imaging has shown promise for evaluating tissue oxygenation. In this study differences in the tissue longitudinal relaxation rate (R(1)) and effective transverse relaxation rate (R(*)(2)), induced by inhalation of pure oxygen and carbogen, were evaluated in 10 healthy subjects. Significant reductions in R(1) were demonstrated following both oxygen and carbogen inhalation in the spleen (both P < 0.001), liver (P = 0.002 air vs. oxygen; P = 0.001 air vs. carbogen), skeletal muscle (both P < 0.001), and renal cortex (P = 0.005 air vs. oxygen; P = 0.008 air vs. carbogen). No significant change in R(*)(2) occurred following pure oxygen in any organ. However, a significant increase in R(*)(2) was observed in the spleen (P < 0.001), liver (P = 0.001), skeletal muscle (P = 0.026), and renal cortex (P = 0.001) following carbogen inhalation, an opposite effect to that observed in many studies of tumor pathophysiology. Changes in R(1) and R(*)(2) were independent of the gas administration order in the spleen and skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that the R(1) and R(*)(2) responses to hyperoxic gases are independent biomarkers of oxygen physiology.
Data-parallel programming on MIMD computers (1991)

The implementation of two compilers for the data-parallel programming language Dataparallel C is described. One compiler generates code for Intel and nCUBE hypercube multicomputers; the other generates code for Sequent multiprocessors. A suite of Dataparallel C programs has been compiled and executed, and their execution times and speedups on the Intel iPSC/2, the nCUBE 3200 and the Sequent Symmetry are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction: Magnetic Resonance (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntroduction: Magnetic ResonanceJohn D. RobertsCite this: Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 7, 1305Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online25 October 2004Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00007a600https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00007a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts