gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Mannose 6-Phosphate-uncovering Enzyme Is Synthesized as a Proenzyme That Is Activated by the Endoprotease Furin (2002)

N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, also known as "uncovering" enzyme (UCE), is localized in the trans-Golgi network, where it removes a covering N-acetylglucosamine from the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker on lysosomal acid hydrolases. Here we show that UCE is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme that is activated by the endoprotease furin, which cleaves an RARLPR/D sequence to release a 24-amino acid propiece. As furin is localized in the trans-Golgi network, newly synthesized UCE is inactive until it reaches this terminal Golgi compartment. LoVo cells (derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma) lack furin activity and have extremely low UCE activity. Addition of furin to LoVo cell extracts restores UCE activity to normal levels, demonstrating that the UCE proenzyme is stable in this cell type. LoVo cells secrete acid hydrolases with phosphomannose diesters as a consequence of the deficient UCE activity. This demonstrates for the first time that UCE is the only enzyme in these cells capable of efficiently uncovering phosphomannose diesters. UCE also hydrolyzes UDP-GlcNAc, a sugar donor for Golgi N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases. The fact that UCE is not activated until it reaches the trans-Golgi network may ensure that the pool of UDP-GlcNAc in the Golgi stack is not depleted, thereby maintaining proper oligosaccharide assembly.
Highly stable plasminogen activator inhibitor type one (VLHL PAI-1) protects fibrin clots from tissue plasminogen activator-mediated fibrinolysis (2007)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the major specific inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) which mediates fibrin clot lysis through activation of plasminogen. Wild-type-PAI-1 (wPAI-1) is rapidly converted to the latent form (half-life of approximately 2 h) and loses its ability to inhibit tPA. We developed a very long half-life PAI-1 (VLHL PAI-1), a recombinant protein with a half-life >700 h compared with wPAI-1. In this study, VLHL PAI-1 was assessed for its ability to inhibit clot lysis in vitro. Clot formation was initiated in normal plasma supplemented with tPA by the addition of either tissue factor or human recombinant FVIIa. Clot lysis time, monitored turbidimetrically in a microtiter plate reader, was determined at various concentrations of wPAI-1 and VLHL PAI-1. Both wPAI-1 and VLHL PAI-1 caused a significant increase in clot lysis time, although the latter was somewhat less effective at lower concentrations. The VLHL PAI-1, but not wPAI-1, maintained its anti-fibrinolytic activity after preincubation overnight at 37 degrees. These studies demonstrate that VLHL PAI-1 is an effective inhibitor of fibrin clot degradation. Due to the high stability of VLHL PAI-1 compared with wPAI-1, this novel inhibitor of tPA-mediated fibrinolysis may have therapeutic applications for treating surgical and trauma patients when used directly or in conjunction with the procoagulant recombinant FVIIa.
Structural Elements Detection and Reconstruction (SEDR): A Hybrid Approach for Modeling Complex Indoor Structures (2020)

We present a hybrid approach for modeling complex interior structural elements from the unstructured point cloud without additional information. The proposed approach focuses on an integrated modeling strategy that can reconstruct structural elements and keep the balance of model completeness and quality. First, a data-driven approach detects the complete structure points of indoor scenarios including the curved wall structures and detailed structures. After applying the down-sampling process to point cloud dataset, ceiling and floor points are detected by RANSAC. The ceiling boundary points are selected as seed points of the growing algorithm to acquire points related to the wall segments. Detailed structures points are detected using the Grid-Slices analysis approach. Second, a model-driven refinement is conducted to the structure points that aims to decrease the impact of point cloud accuracy on the quality of the model. RANSAC algorithm is implemented to detect more accurate layout, and the hole in structure points is repaired in this refinement step. Lastly, the Screened Poisson surface reconstruction approach is conducted to generate the model based on the structure points after refinement. Our approach was validated on the backpack laser dataset, handheld laser dataset, and synthetic dataset, and experimental results demonstrate that our approach can preserve the curved wall structures and detailed structures in the model with high accuracy.
Next Generation Knee Replacements: A New Approach to Replicate the Function of the ACL (2007)

Current total knee replacements solve the problem of arthritic knee joints, but the evidence is that normal patterns of knee motions are not restored (1) In addition; paradoxical anterior sliding of the femur on the tibia can occur in the first half of the flexion range (2). Achieving natural motion is likely to be important for daily activities which involve higher angles of flexion, in terms of restoring normal soft tissue lengths and patello-femoral mechanics. Studies have shown the damaging effects of anterior femoral slide on the tibia affecting both the patella and the patellar tendon (3). Our paper examines new knee replacement designs which incorporate geometrical features to regain anatomical knee motion.
Exploratory data analysis of image texture and statistical features on myocardium and infarction areas in cardiac magnetic resonance images (2010)

The cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images from a group of patients with myocardial scars and implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) are divided into a group with low risk of arrhythmias (late incidents) and a group with high risk of arrhythmias (early incidents). Several hundred quantitative features describing sizes, statistics and textures of the segmented and defined areas of the images are computed from manually segmented images in an exploratory analysis. The method used to determine decision regions to discriminate the patients with low risk of arrhythmias from the patient with high risk of arrhythmias is a maximum likelihood estimation based Bayes classifiers described in [1]. The results presented can be interpreted as hypothesis of which features, and combinations of features, that might have discriminative power. A major hypothesis that arises is that there are important textural information in the scarred and non-scarred areas.
Analyzing the Robustness of Two-Scale Command Shaping for Reducing Powertrain Vibration During Engine Restart (2016)

This paper analyzes the robustness of a two-scale command shaping strategy for reducing vibrations in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrains during engine restart. Propagation of HEVs through the automobile market depends on their perceived quality and performance. In this work, a two-scale command shaping strategy addresses the drivability of the vehicle by focusing on the reduction of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues associated with restarting the internal combustion engine (ICE) during a mode transition. The strategy tailors the electric machine (EM) torque profile, which consists of a linear and time-varying component, to significantly mitigate the powertrain and chassis vibrations for a smoother ICE startup. The time-varying EM torque component is calculated by applying a perturbation technique for separating the scales of an analytical ICE model, which isolates the ICE nonlinear response. Command shaping is then applied to the linear problem governed by the remaining scale. Simulations confirm that the two-scale command shaping strategy is a straightforward technique for reducing powertrain and chassis vibrations during ICE restart. In real-time implementation, inaccuracies or variations in system parameters and initial conditions arising from the operating condition or from general wear during a vehicle’s life cycle will occur. Therefore, successful implementation of the two-scale command shaping strategy relies upon the robustness of the perturbation technique and command shaping to these variations. This paper validates the perturbation technique’s robustness to variations in the ICE parameters and initial conditions. Robust command shaping methods are also explored to decrease the impact of system parameter variations on the efficacy of command shaping. Improving the overall robustness of the two-scale command shaping strategy will increase the applicability to consumer HEVs by ensuring its performance under variations in system parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibitors. Part 2. 3‐(1H‐Imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐1‐propanoic Acid and Analogues. (1986)

Abstract Aus den substituierten Indolen (I) entstehen über die Nitrile (II) die Propionsäure‐Derivate (III), die wie die aus (I) über die entsprechenden Ester zugänglichen Verbindungen (IVb) und (Vb) auf ihre Inhibitor‐ Wirkung gegen Thromboxan‐Synthetase geprüft werden.
Effect of Promoters on Manganese-Containing Mixed Metal Oxides for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane via a Cyclic Redox Scheme (2017)

Ethylene is an important building block in the chemical industry; state of the art ethylene production (steam cracking) has multiple drawbacks, including high energy consumption, coke formation, and significant CO2 and NOx emissions. We propose a chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) process to convert ethane into ethylene in a two-step, cyclic redox scheme. In this process, lattice oxygen in a metal oxide based redox catalyst is used to combust the hydrogen formed in ethane dehydrogenation, thereby enhancing ethylene formation while retarding coke formation. The oxygen-deprived redox catalyst is subsequently regenerated with air, releasing heat to balance the overall heat requirement. CL-ODH can realize a reduction of over 80% in primary energy consumption and pollutant emissions. The key to this process is an efficient redox catalyst with high selectivity and facile oxygen transport. Previously we determined that oxides with an Mg6MnO8 structure allow high lattice oxygen mobility and satisfactory oxygen-carrying capacity for the proposed redox reactions. However, unpromoted Mg6MnO8 exhibits poor ethylene selectivity, producing primarily CO2. In the current study, we examine the effects of various sodium-containing promoters on Mg6MnO8 CL-ODH activity and mechanism. Sodium tungstate promoted Mg6MnO8 was the most effective redox catalyst, showing an ethylene selectivity of 89.2% and yield of 68.2%, a significant improvement of thermal cracking (38.9% yield). Temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) experiments indicate that the reaction proceeds via gas-phase ethane thermal cracking in parallel with selective hydrogen combustion on the redox catalyst surface. XPS analysis indicates that the decreased ethane/ethylene oxidation activity on the sodium tungstate promoted redox catalysts results from the suppression of near-surface Mn4+. This is due to a combination of decreased surface manganese content and reduction in average Mn oxidation state. The suppression of Mn4+ results in a decrease in electrophilic surface oxygen species, inhibition of ethylene combustion, and enhanced ethylene yield.
MP33-05 RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY OUTCOMES FROM A VALIDATED URINE EXOSOME GENE EXPRESSION ASSAY WHICH PREDICTS HIGH-GRADE (GS7) PROSTATE CANCER SUGGESTS UTILITY FOR MEN ENROLLED IN ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE. (2017)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: With over-diagnosis and over-treatment of indolent prostate cancer, non-invasive screening tools that predict low-grade ( Gleason score 6, GS 6) from high-grade (GS 7) prostate cancer (PCa) will play a significant role in the treatment decision process. Recently, we demonstrated that a urine exosome gene expression assay (ExoDx Prostate (IntelliScore) (EPI)) was able to discriminate high-grade (GS 7) from low-grade (GS 6) and benign disease biopsy outcomes, thereby improving the identification of men with higher-grade PCa, potentially reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies. In a parallel study, we had also shown that EPI scores were associated with pathologic stage (PS) and radical prostatectomy Gleason score (RP-GS). We now sought to expand these results and further examine outcomes from men enrolled in the biopsy validation trial who had selected surgery.
Cross-Sentence <i>N</i>-ary Relation Extraction with Graph LSTMs (2017)

Past work in relation extraction has focused on binary relations in single sentences. Recent NLP inroads in high-value domains have sparked interest in the more general setting of extracting n-ary relations that span multiple sentences. In this paper, we explore a general relation extraction framework based on graph long short-term memory networks (graph LSTMs) that can be easily extended to cross-sentence n-ary relation extraction. The graph formulation provides a unified way of exploring different LSTM approaches and incorporating various intra-sentential and inter-sentential dependencies, such as sequential, syntactic, and discourse relations. A robust contextual representation is learned for the entities, which serves as input to the relation classifier. This simplifies handling of relations with arbitrary arity, and enables multi-task learning with related relations. We evaluate this framework in two important precision medicine settings, demonstrating its effectiveness with both conventional supervised learning and distant supervision. Cross-sentence extraction produced larger knowledge bases. and multi-task learning significantly improved extraction accuracy. A thorough analysis of various LSTM approaches yielded useful insight the impact of linguistic analysis on extraction accuracy.
Method and apparatus for testing and/or adjusting vibration absorber for suspended cables (1984)

First Page
Two-Channel HTS SQUID Gradiometer System for Detection of Metallic Contaminants in Lithium-Ion Battery (2010)

A two-channel high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> SQUID gradiometer system for the detection of magnetic foreign matter in a lithium-ion battery was developed. Finding ultra-small metallic foreign particles can be a big issue for a manufacturer that produces commercial products such as lithium-ion batteries. If the presence of such particles is detected in its products, the manufacturer has to recall the products and thereby suffers a significant loss. Previously, we developed a detection system based on a single-channel SQUID gradiometer and horizontal magnetization. For practical use, we need to increase the detection width of the system by employing multiple sensors. In this paper, we present a two-channel high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> SQUID gradiometer system for the inspection of a lithium-ion battery. In order to increase the inspection width, two SQUID gradiometers were employed along with a specially designed cryostat. As a result, small iron particles with a diameter of less than 100 μm were detected by the system with a width of 22 mm. This is the first multi-channel high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> SQUID gradiometer system for detection of the contaminants in a lithium-ion battery.
High Channel Mobility 4H-SiC MOSFETs (2006)

We report investigations of MOS and MOSFET devices using a gate oxide grown in the presence of sintered alumina. In contrast to conventionally grown dry or wet oxides these oxides contain orders of magnitude lower density of near-interface traps at the SiO2/SiC interface. The reduction of interface traps is correlated with enhanced oxidation rate. The absence of near-interface traps makes possible fabrication of Si face 4H-SiC MOSFETs with peak field effect mobility of about 150 cm2/Vs. A clear correlation is observed between the field effect mobility in n-channel MOSFETs and the density of interface states near the SiC conduction band edge in n-type MOS capacitors. Stable operation of such normally-off 4H-SiC MOSFET transistors is observed from room temperature up to 150°C with positive threshold voltage shift less than 1 V. A small decrease in current with temperature up to 150°C is related to a decrease in the field effect mobility due to phonon scattering. However, the gate oxides contain sodium, which originates from the sintered alumina, resulting in severe device instabilities during negative gate bias stressing.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)methanamine‐Based Ruthenium Catalysts for Fast Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds in 2‐Propanol (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-Performance Undoped-Body 8-nm-Thin SOI Field-Effect Transistors (2008)

We have fabricated undoped-body short-channel extremely thin silicon-on-insulator (ETSOI) field-effect transistors (FETs) with 8-nm SOI thickness that exhibit the expected short-channel benefit compared with doped partially depleted SOI (PDSOI) FETs. Using a source/drain extension (SDE) last process with the SDE implants activated with diffusionless laser anneal, we demonstrate that the series resistance penalty can be minimized, which leads to ETSOI FET drive currents that are comparable to those of conventional thick-body PDSOI FETs.
Measurement of oxygen saturation in the retina with a spectroscopic sensitive multi aperture camera (2008)

We introduce a new multi aperture system capable of capturing six identical images of the human fundus at six different spectral bands. The system is based on a lenslet array architecture and is well suited for spectroscopy application. The multi-aperture system was interfaced with a fundus camera to acquire spectroscopic sensitive images of the retina vessel and ultimately to calculate oxygen saturation in the retina in vivo. In vitro testing showed that the system is able to accurately reconstruct curves of partially oxygenated hemoglobin. In vivo testing on healthy volunteers was conducted and yielded results of oxygen saturation similar to the one reported in the literature, with arterial SO(2) approximately 0.95 and venous SO(2) approximately 0.5.
Flexible Substrates with Polyimide Buffer Layers for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2004)

We report a new method to enhance the properties of the polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrates for flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). By spin-coating a polyimide (PI) film between the PET and the indium–tin-oxide anode, the flexible substrate with a smooth surface, high transmission over the visible spectrum and good adhesion are achieved. We also compare the flexible OLEDs on different substrates. The diodes on the substrates with polyimide buffer layers exhibit a brightness of 7280 cd/m2 at 15 V and the maximum efficiency of 2.64 cd/A.
Quantitative Ultrasound Evaluation of Tumor Cell Death Response in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy (2013)

This study reports for the first time that quantitative ultrasound spectroscopic methods can be applied clinically to evaluate cancer treatment responses noninvasively. The results form a basis for monitoring chemotherapy effects and facilitating the personalization of cancer treatment.
Ni-Catalyzed Enantioselective <i>C</i>-Acylation of α-Substituted Lactams (2016)

A new strategy for catalytic enantioselective C-acylation to generate α-quaternary-substituted lactams is reported. Ni-catalyzed three-component coupling of lactam enolates, benzonitriles, and aryl halides produces β-imino lactams that then afford β-keto lactams by acid hydrolysis. Use of a readily available Mandyphos-type ligand and addition of LiBr enable the construction of quaternary stereocenters on α-substituted lactams to form β-keto lactams in up to 94% ee.
Toward silicon-compatible modulation of plasmonic waveguides (2008)

We have modeled plasmonic waveguides that support low-loss modes using configurations compatible with metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Our experimental verification with visible wavelength analogs demonstrates that silicon-based plasmonic modulators are possible.
Accurate location of faults on series-compensated lines with use of two-end unsynchronised measurements (2008)

This paper presents accurate fault location algorithm for series compensated lines. Use of two-end current and voltage signals with a more general case of unsynchronised measurements is considered. Two ways of synchronisation of measurements are presented. The subroutines of the developed algorithm are formulated with use of the generalised fault loop model, leading to compact formulae. High accuracy of fault location is assured due to strict considering the distributed parameter line model. The distance to fault calculation is independent on the parameters of the compensating bank. Multi-criteria efficient procedure for selecting the valid subroutine is presented. The developed fault location algorithm has been thoroughly tested using signals taken from ATP-EMTP versatile simulations of faults on a series-compensated transmission line. The example of fault location is presented and discussed.
The surprisingly beneficial effect of soft donors on the performance of early transition metal olefin polymerisation catalysts (2004)

Group 4 metal complexes containing phenoxy-amide ligands bearing soft pendant donors are shown to give more highly active ethylene polymerisation catalysts than counterparts containing hard donors or systems without a pendant donor.
192Tb/s coherent DWDM-OFDMA-PON with no high-speed ONU-side electronics over 100km SSMF and 1:64 passive split (2011)

Record 1.92-Tb/s (40λ × 48 Gb/s/λ) coherent DWDM-OFDMA-PON without high-speed ONU-side ADCs/DACs/DSP/RF clock sources is demonstrated over 100 km straight SSMF with a 1:64 passive split. Novel optical-domain OFDMA sub-band selection, coherent detection, and simple RF components are exploited. As the first experimental verification of a next-generation optical platform capable of delivering 1 Gb/s to 1000(+) users over 100 km, the new architecture is promising for future optical access/metro systems.
Spin torque switching of 20 nm magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular anisotropy (2012)

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is one of the most promising emerging non-volatile memory technologies. MRAM has so far been demonstrated with a unique combination of density, speed, and non-volatility in a single chip, however, without the capability to replace any single mainstream memory. In this paper, we demonstrate the basic physics of spin torque switching in 20 nm diameter magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy materials. This deep scaling capability clearly indicates the STT MRAM device itself may be suitable for integration at much higher densities than previously proven.