gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Navigation and landing [A century of powered flight 1903-2003] (2003)

Navigation and landing for the first half century of aviation fundamentally relied on radio-based electronic aids. The military began serious investigation of radio navigation during World War I. Up until WW II map reading, dead reckoning, and various means of radio direction finding were the primary methods of determining aircraft position. Since WWII a number of other navigation techniques, such as Doppler radar, radio inertial, pure inertial, aided inertial, and today's integrated GPS inertial, have been developed. Most of the inertial systems evolved from the military ICBM and subsequent space programs.
Speech pattern hearing aids for the profoundly hearing impaired: Speech perception and auditory abilities (1992)

A family of prototype speech pattern hearing aids for the profoundly hearing impaired has been compared to amplification. These aids are designed to extract acoustic speech patterns that convey essential phonetic contrasts, and to match this information to residual receptive abilities. In the first study, the presentation of voice fundamental frequency information from a wearable SiVo (sinusoidal voice) aid was compared to amplification in 11 profoundly deafened adults. Intonation reception was often better, and never worse, with fundamental frequency information. Four subjects scored more highly in audio-visual consonant identification with fundamental frequency information, five performed better with amplified speech, and two performed similarly under these two conditions. Five of the 11 subjects continued use of the SiVo aid after the tests were complete. A second study examined a laboratory prototype compound speech pattern aid, which encoded voice fundamental frequency, amplitude envelope, and the presence of voiceless excitation. In five profoundly deafened adults, performance was better in consonant identification when additional speech patterns were present than with fundamental frequency alone; the main advantage was derived from amplitude information. In both consonant identification and connected discourse tracking, performance with appropriately matched compound speech pattern signals was better than with amplified speech in three subjects, and similar to performance with amplified speech in the other two. In nine subjects, frequency discrimination, gap detection, and frequency selectivity were measured, and were compared to speech receptive abilities with both amplification and fundamental frequency presentation. The subjects who showed the greatest advantage from fundamental frequency presentation showed the greatest average hearing losses, and the least degree of frequency selectivity. Compound speech pattern aids appear to be more effective for some profoundly hearing-impaired listeners than conventional amplifying aids, and may be a valuable alternative to cochlear implants.
Simultaneous CW Operation of 5-Wavelength Integrated GaInAsP/InP DFB Laser Array with 50 Å Lasing Wavelength Separation (1984)

The simultaneous CW operation of a 5-wavelength integrated GaInAsP/InP DFB laser array has been realized. The average lasing wavelength separation was 49 Å, which was in very good agreement with the designed value. Threshold currents were 57 to 75 mA and differential quantum efficiencies were 11 to 21%. A simultaneous CW operation was obtained at up to 40°C with each stable single longitudinal mode. It was found that the threshold current was almost independent of wavelength within a range of 500 Å on the long wavelength side of the spontaneous emission peak and could be reduced to as little as 20 mA by fabricating deep, uniform gratings and by increasing the crystal homogeneity of the wafer.
The LF/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance (2013)

OPINION article Front. Physiol., 20 February 2013Sec. Clinical and Translational Physiology Volume 4 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00026
Regulation of phospholipase A2 activation by phosphorylation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. (1993)

The regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation by phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of an 85-kDa, arachidonoyl-hydrolyzing PLA2 was investigated in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and okadaic acid, an inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases, stimulated arachidonic acid release, supporting a role for phosphorylation events in regulating PLA2 activation. In response to zymosan, PMA, or A23187, arachidonic acid was released at a linear rate up to 30-45 min after stimulation, whereas there was a 30-min lag preceding arachidonic acid release in response to okadaic acid. The 85-kDa PLA2 was phosphorylated on serine in the macrophages, and the level of phosphorylation increased in response to zymosan, PMA, okadaic acid, and, to a lesser extent, A23187. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping revealed multiple phosphopeptides, several of which showed increased phosphorylation in response to zymosan, okadaic acid, and PMA. Zymosan, PMA, A23187, or okadaic acid stimulated time-dependent increases in PLA2 activity in the cytosolic fraction. PLA2 activation was most rapid in response to PMA, whereas activation in response to okadaic acid was delayed similar to the time course of arachidonic acid release. The cytosolic PLA2 had characteristics of the 85-kDa enzyme, including kinetic properties and substrate preference. Phosphatase treatment of the cytosols dephosphorylated the 85-kDa PLA2 and reversed the increase in activity. The results provide evidence that phosphorylation of the 85-kDa PLA2, induced by stimuli that induce arachidonic acid release, is an important mechanism for activation of the enzyme in macrophages.
dc Electric Invisibility Cloak (2012)

We present the first experimental demonstration of a dc electric cloak for steady current fields. Using the analogy between electrically conducting materials and resistor networks, a dc invisibility cloak is designed, fabricated, and tested using the circuit theory. We show that the dc cloak can guide electric currents around the cloaked region smoothly and keep perturbations only inside the cloak. Outside the cloak, the current lines return to their original directions as if nothing happens. The measurement data agree exceptionally well with the theoretical prediction and simulation result, with nearly perfect cloaking performance. The proposed method can be directly used to realize other dc electric devices with anisotropic conductivities designed by the transformation optics. Manipulation of steady currents with the control of anisotropic conductivities has a lot of potential applications, such as electric impedance tomography, graphene, natural resource exploration, and military camouflage.
Ion Implantation and Annealing Conditions for Delamination of Silicon Layers by Hydrogen Ion Implantation (1997)

The delamination of thin silicon layers by ion implantation and annealing has been studied in implanted silicon layers. Hydrogen ions are implanted into a (100) p‐silicon layer through a 100 nm thick oxide layer at 100 keV with different doses ranging from 1.0 × 1016 to 1.0 × 1017 ion/cm2. Delamination of thin silicon layers was clearly observed in cross‐sectional scanning electron microscope photographs at doses above 5.0 × 1016 ion/cm2. The delamination occurs at 485°C with 10 min annealing for an implantation at 5.0 × 1016 ion/cm2. This temperature, however, can be reduced to 425 and 400°C by increasing annealing time to 60 and 120 min, respectively. Delamination is closely related to the formation of H‐Si defect bonds and the release of a hydrogen atom from these bonds in the hydrogen ion implanted Si layer. Temperature variation of the intensity in the hydrogen desorption shows two intensity peaks at 450 and 650°C.
Toward next stage of kinetic humanoid hand (2004)

This paper presents a newly developed kinetic humanoid hand with high potential for dexterous manipulation. High-power compact brushless motors that contribute to downsizing of the humanoid hand and a distributed tactile sensor with 895 detecting points have also been developed. Moreover, in order to downsize robots, a hardwire-saving control system using a technique of spread spectrum communication is investigated
Pluripotent stem cells escape from senescence-associated DNA methylation changes (2012)

Pluripotent stem cells evade replicative senescence, whereas other primary cells lose their proliferation and differentiation potential after a limited number of cell divisions, and this is accompanied by specific senescence-associated DNA methylation (SA-DNAm) changes. Here, we investigate SA-DNAm changes in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) upon long-term culture, irradiation-induced senescence, immortalization, and reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) using high-density HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. SA-DNAm changes are highly reproducible and they are enriched in intergenic and nonpromoter regions of developmental genes. Furthermore, SA-hypomethylation in particular appears to be associated with H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and Polycomb-group 2 target genes. We demonstrate that ionizing irradiation, although associated with a senescence phenotype, does not affect SA-DNAm. Furthermore, overexpression of the catalytic subunit of the human telomerase (TERT) or conditional immortalization with a doxycycline-inducible system (TERT and SV40-TAg) result in telomere extension, but do not prevent SA-DNAm. In contrast, we demonstrate that reprogramming into iPSC prevents almost the entire set of SA-DNAm changes. Our results indicate that long-term culture is associated with an epigenetically controlled process that stalls cells in a particular functional state, whereas irradiation-induced senescence and immortalization are not causally related to this process. Absence of SA-DNAm in pluripotent cells may play a central role for their escape from cellular senescence.
Noncoherent Optical Processing, by G. L. Rogers. Reviewer— (1978)

First Page
Usability evaluation of OpenWeb transcoding (2009)

This paper describes collaborative work between industry and academia aimed at supporting the design and assessment of a transcoding service to support mobile phone internet browsing. The work demonstrates how research informed by user based assessment can be effectively and efficiently employed to inform and support industry. The paper describes a series of small scale, relatively rapid, evaluation studies that have focused on the comparative assessment of alternative transcoding approaches. These studies have: informed the design of OpenWeb transcoding; developed a number of easily efficient empirical assessment methods for mobile browsing; and provided a basis for focusing future user experience studies.
Comparison between endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy and CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

This meta-analysis showed that EBUS-TBLB is a safe and relatively accurate tool in the investigation of PLC. Although the yield remains lower than that of CT-PTNB, the procedural risks are lower.
A Sparse Reformulation of the Green’s Function Formalism Allows Efficient Simulations of Morphological Neuron Models (2015)

We prove that when a class of partial differential equations, generalized from the cable equation, is defined on tree graphs and the inputs are restricted to a spatially discrete, well chosen set of points, the Green’s function (GF) formalism can be rewritten to scale as [Formula: see text] with the number n of inputs locations, contrary to the previously reported [Formula: see text] scaling. We show that the linear scaling can be combined with an expansion of the remaining kernels as sums of exponentials to allow efficient simulations of equations from the aforementioned class. We furthermore validate this simulation paradigm on models of nerve cells and explore its relation with more traditional finite difference approaches. Situations in which a gain in computational performance is expected are discussed.
iMapReduce: A Distributed Computing Framework for Iterative Computation (2011)

Relational data are pervasive in many applications such as data mining or social network analysis. These relational data are typically massive containing at least millions or hundreds of millions of relations. This poses demand for the design of distributed computing frameworks for processing these data on a large cluster. MapReduce is an example of such a framework. However, many relational data based applications typically require parsing the relational data iteratively and need to operate on these data through many iterations. MapReduce lacks built-in support for the iterative process. This paper presents iMapReduce, a framework that supports iterative processing. iMapReduce allows users to specify the iterative operations with map and reduce functions, while supporting the iterative processing automatically without the need of users' involvement. More importantly, iMapReduce significantly improves the performance of iterative algorithms by (1) reducing the overhead of creating a new task in every iteration, (2) eliminating the shuffling of the static data in the shuffle stage of MapReduce, and (3) allowing asynchronous execution of each iteration, i.e., an iteration can start before all tasks of a previous iteration have finished. We implement iMapReduce based on Apache Hadoop, and show that iMapReduce can achieve a factor of 1.2 to 5 speedup over those implemented on MapReduce for well-known iterative algorithms.
Enhancing Electrocatalytic Activity of Perovskite Oxides by Tuning Cation Deficiency for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions (2016)

Development of cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of prime importance to emerging renewable energy technologies. Here, we report a simple and effective strategy for enhancing ORR and OER electrocatalytic activity in alkaline solution by introducing A-site cation deficiency in LaFeO3 perovskite; the enhancement effect is more pronounced for the OER than the ORR. Among the A-site cation deficient perovskites studied, La0.95FeO3-δ (L0.95F) demonstrates the highest ORR and OER activity and, hence, the best bifunctionality. The dramatic enhancement is attributed to the creation of surface oxygen vacancies and a small amount of Fe4+ species. This work highlights the importance of tuning cation deficiency in perovskites as an effective strategy for enhancing ORR and OER activity for applications in various oxygen-based energy storage and conversion processes.
Low-loss chirped grating for vertical light coupling in lithium niobate on insulator (2019)

Abstract We report a vertical chirped grating coupler with high coupling efficiency (CE) fabricated on lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI). According to finite difference time domain simulations, loss in a uniform grating in LNOI comes from downward diffracted light, internal reflections, and mode mismatch between the single-mode fiber and the out-coupled light from the grating. A chirped grating coupler, whose parameters were optimized to reduce the mode mismatch loss and internal reflections, was fabricated with integrated waveguides through a single etch-step and exhibited insertion losses as low as 3.6 dB, 1.9 dB lower than a uniform grating fabricated in the same process. The demonstrated grating features high CE, ease of manufacturing, and the ability to vertically couple light—a fundamental characteristic required to facilitate the integration of on-chip laser sources and detectors.
Temperature and field-dependent transport measurements in continuously tunable tantalum oxide memristors expose the dominant state variable (2017)

Applications of memristor devices are quickly moving beyond computer memory to areas of analog and neuromorphic computation. These applications require the design of devices with different characteristics from binary memory, such as a large tunable range of conductance. A complete understanding of the conduction mechanisms and their corresponding state variable(s) is crucial for optimizing performance and designs in these applications. Here we present measurements of low bias I–V characteristics of 6 states in a Ta/ tantalum-oxide (TaOx)/Pt memristor spanning over 2 orders of magnitude in conductance and temperatures from 100 K to 500 K. Our measurements show that the 300 K device conduction is dominated by a temperature-insensitive current that varies with non-volatile memristor state, with an additional leakage contribution from a thermally-activated current channel that is nearly independent of the memristor state. We interpret these results with a parallel conduction model of Mott hopping and Schottky emission channels, fitting the voltage and temperature dependent experimental data for all memristor states with only two free parameters. The memristor conductance is linearly correlated with N, the density of electrons near EF participating in the Mott hopping conduction, revealing N to be the dominant state variable for low bias conduction in this system. Finally, we show that the Mott hopping sites can be ascribed to oxygen vacancies, where the local oxygen vacancy density responsible for critical hopping pathways controls the memristor conductance.
Temperature Robust Phase Change Memory Using Quaternary Material System Based on Ga2TeSb7 (2011)

GaTeSb materials possess excellent phase change properties comparable to conventional GeSbTe-based PCM systems. GaTeSb-based quaternary systems are engineered and evaluated as thin film methodologically using x-ray diffraction, isothermal and non-isothermal calculation of activation energies, differential thermal analysis, followed by device characterization on electrical performances, endurance and retention. Quaternary GaTeSb-based systems are proven to be temperature-robust with fast switching characteristics.
Cancer Pharmacogenomics: DNA Genotyping and Gene Expression Profiling to Identify Molecular Determinants of Chemosensitivity (2008)

Cancer patients exhibit a wide heterogeneity in their responses to chemotherapy. Improvement in chemotherapeutic responses could be achieved by gaining more detailed information on the molecular determinants (i.e., DNA, RNA or protein) underlying this heterogeneity. Pharmacogenomics approaches can be used to integrate information on drug responsiveness with alterations in molecular entities, often on a genome-wide scale. By using information gleaned from pharmacogenomics studies, it is anticipated that cancer chemotherapy can be tailored to the individual patient or tumor phenotype. This review focuses on pharmacogenomics studies conducted to gain insight into the molecular determinants of chemosensitivity to cancer chemotherapeutics.
An Ontology-Based Information Extraction System for bridging the configuration gap in hybrid SDN environments (2015)

Hybrid Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) are growing at a remarkable speed, so network administrators need to deal with the configuration of a plethora of devices including OpenFlow elements, traditional equipment, and nodes supporting both OpenFlow and traditional features. The OpenFlow Management and Configuration Protocol (OF-CONFIG) is positioned as a solid candidate for the remote configuration of OpenFlow devices, but the fact that OF-CONFIG relies on NETCONF for its transport constrains its potential considerably. Indeed, the lack of comprehensive and standardized data models has hindered the utilization of NETCONF itself in traditional networks, and will likely confine OF-CONFIG to an elementary set of configurations until the expected data models arrive. In this paper, we present a semantic-based approach that eases and automates the configuration of network devices while complementing the capabilities of OF-CONFIG and NETCONF. Our main contributions can be summarized as follows. First, we have formalized the semantics of the switch/router configuration domain using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). Second, we have developed an Ontology-Based Information Extraction (OBIE) system from the Command-Line Interface (CLI) of network devices. Third, we have defined a learning algorithm that enables automated interpretation of CLIs' configuration capabilities in heterogeneous (multi-vendor) network scenarios. The potential of our approach is demonstrated through experiments carried out on different network elements.
Identification of Novel Parasitic Cysteine Protease Inhibitors by Use of Virtual Screening. 2. The Available Chemical Directory (2006)

The incidence of parasitic infections such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis has been steadily increasing. Since the existing chemotherapy of these diseases suffers from lack of safe and effective drugs and/or the presence of widespread drug resistance, there is an urgent need for development of potent, mechanism-based antiparasitic agents against these diseases. Cysteine proteases have been established as valid targets for this purpose. The Available Chemical Directory consisting of nearly 355,000 compounds was screened in silico against the homology models of plasmodial cysteine proteases, falcipain-2, and falcipain-3, to identify structurally diverse non-peptide inhibitors. The study led to identification of 22 inhibitors of parasitic cysteine proteases out of which 18 compounds were active against falcipain-2 and falcipain-3. Eight compounds exhibited dual activity against both enzymes. Additionally, four compounds were found to inhibit L. donovani cysteine protease. While one of the cysteine protease inhibitors also exhibited in vitro antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value of 9.5 microM, others did not show noticeable antiplasmodial activity up to 20 microM. A model identifying important pharmacophoric features common to the structurally diverse falcipain-2 inhibitors has also been developed. Very few potent non-peptide inhibitors of the parasitic cysteine proteases have been reported so far, and identification of these novel and chemically diverse inhibitors should provide leads to be optimized into candidates to treat protozoal infections.
Pattern Recognition Via Linear Programming: Theory and Application to Medical Diagnosis (1989)

A decision problem associated with a fundamental nonconvex model for linearly inseparable pattern sets is shown to be NP-complete. Another nonconvex model that employs an ??-norm instead of the 2-norm, can be solved in polynomial time by solving 2n linear programs, where n is the (usually small) dimensionality of the pattern space. An effective LP-based finite algorithm is proposed for solving the latter model. The algorithm is employed to obtain a nonconvex piecewise-linear function for separating points representing measurements made on fine needle aspirates taken from benign and malignant human breasts. A computer program trained on 369 samples has correctly diagnosed each of 45 new samples encountered and is currently in use at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals.
Historical perspectives and identification of Neisseria and related species (1988)

The pathogenic Neisseria spp., N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, have been studied extensively and rapid identification procedures have been designed to distinguish these species from the commensal Neisseria and related species that are normal flora of the oro- and nasopharynx. The commensal Neisseria spp. have been largely ignored except for isolated studies. It is important that we know about these species, however, because not only may some be misidentified as pathogenic species if identified with inappropriate procedures, but also they may occasionally be isolated from unusual sites and must be correctly identified to the species level for clinical purposes.