gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The new PILATUS3 ASIC with instant retrigger capability (2012)

A novel photon counting method for nonparalyzable counting and its implementation in the new PILATUS3 ASIC are presented. Pulse pile-up significantly affects the observed count rate at high photon fluxes in single-photon counting x-ray detectors and can lead to complete paralyzation of the counting circuit. In PILATUS single-photon counting hybrid-pixel x-ray detectors, count rate correction is applied in order to compensate for the counting loss at high count rates. However, counter paralyzation limits the maximum usable count rate of the PILATUS2 ASIC to typically 2.106 photons per second and pixel. In order to overcome this limitation, instant retrigger technology is introduced as a new photon counting method that results in non-paralyzable counting and achieves improved high-rate counting performance. Instant retrigger technology re-evaluates the pulse signal after a predetermined dead time interval after each count and potentially retriggers the counting circuit in case of pulse pile-up. The respective dead time interval is adjustable and accounts for the width of a single photon pulse. As a result, the counting becomes non-paralyzable and enhanced count rate correction can be applied in order to achieve improved data quality at high count rates. The new PILATUS3 ASIC features instant retrigger technology with adjustable dead time. The implementation of this new approach and experimental results are presented. The new ASIC additionally features counter overflow handling, improved pixel uniformity, reduced crosstalk, reduced readout time, and compatibility with CdTe sensors. With the new design, higher count rates can be measured and better data quality is achieved up to rates of more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> photons per second and pixel.
Facebook Research: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications, 2005-14 (2015)

Abstract: - This study is about scientometric assessment of global literature on Facebook research published during 2005-14. In all 7916 papers were identified on “Facebook Research” from Scopus database covering 10 years period 2005-14. The study analyzed growth of publication data and its distribution by documents type, country of publication, authors, their organizations, and subjects. The study identified most productive countries, organization, authors in Facebook research and determined their global publication share, average productivity and comparative citation impact. The Facebook research registered 98.26%, CAGR growth and registered the citations per paper of 5.59. In overall. A total of 109 countries contributed to Facebook research. Facebook research distribution by country is highly skewed since 10 out of 109 productive countries alone account for 70.01% global publication share and 88.80% global citations share. Computer science accounted for the largest publications share, followed by social sciences, engineering, medicine, business, management & accounting, and psychology, etc.
Outcome of high-dose therapy and autologous transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on the presence of tumor in the marrow or infused hematopoietic harvest. (1996)

The observation that survival was significantly better in the groups of patients who received tumor-negative harvests and worse for patients who received minimally contaminated harvests suggests that tumor cells, even at minimal levels, reinfused in the transplanted harvest are responsible for progression in a proportion of patients who achieve a CR following HDT, although other biologic characteristics of the tumor could also be important. A relatively good outcome can be achieved with HDT and PSCT, even in patients with a significant marrow tumor burden.
The Great Universe (2009)

A century ago astronomy was concerned with little beyond the sun, moon and planets—the small colony we have described as the sun's family. To-day it is mainly engaged in studying in detail the various other stars and colonies of stars, such as the three stars which form the system of Alpha Centauri, our nearest neighbours in space. The aggregate of all such stars and colonies constitutes the Galactic System, the vast conglomeration of stars whose rim is the Milky Way. At the same time, astronomy has discovered that even this huge system is only one of a vast number of somewhat similar systems. The present situation may be perhaps summed up in the three statements:
Greenhead: Virtual Data Center Embedding across Distributed Infrastructures (2013)

Cloud computing promises to provide on-demand computing, storage, and networking resources. However, most cloud providers simply offer virtual machines (VMs) without bandwidth and delay guarantees, which may hurt the performance of the deployed services. Recently, some proposals suggested remediating such limitation by offering virtual data centers (VDCs) instead of VMs only. However, they have only considered the case where VDCs are embedded within a single data center. In practice, infrastructure providers should have the ability to provision requested VDCs across their distributed infrastructure to achieve multiple goals including revenue maximization, operational costs reduction, energy efficiency, and green IT, or to simply satisfy geographic location constraints of the VDCs. In this paper, we propose Greenhead, a holistic resource management framework for embedding VDCs across geographically distributed data centers connected through a backbone network. The goal of Greenhead is to maximize the cloud provider's revenue while ensuring that the infrastructure is as environment-friendly as possible. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal, we conducted extensive simulations of four data centers connected through the NSFNet topology. Results show that Greenhead improves requests' acceptance ratio and revenue by up to 40 percent while ensuring high usage of renewable energy and minimal carbon footprint.
Phillips' Science of Dental Materials (2013)

Phillips' science of dental materials , Phillips' science of dental materials , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
A Straightforward Route to Tetrachloroauric Acid from Gold Metal and Molecular Chlorine for Nanoparticle Synthesis (2015)

Aqueous solutions of tetrachloroauric acid of high purity and stability were synthesised using the known reaction of gold metal with chlorine gas. The straightforward procedure developed here allows the resulting solution to be used directly for gold nanoparticle synthesis. The procedure involves bubbling chlorine gas through pure water containing a pellet of gold. The reaction is quantitative and progressed at a satisfactory rate at 50 °C. The gold(III) chloride solutions produced by this method show no evidence of returning to metallic gold over at least twelve months. This procedure also provides a straightforward method to determine the concentration of the resulting solution using the initial mass of gold and volume of water.
Low-temperature synthesis of graphene on Cu using plasma-assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition (2013)

Plasma-assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was carried out to synthesize high-quality graphene film at a low temperature of 600°C. Monolayer graphene films were thus synthesized on Cu foil using various ratios of hydrogen and methane in a gaseous mixture. The in situ plasma emission spectrum was measured to elucidate the mechanism of graphene growth in a plasma-assisted thermal CVD system. According to this process, a distance must be maintained between the plasma initial stage and the deposition stage to allow the plasma to diffuse to the substrate. Raman spectra revealed that a higher hydrogen concentration promoted the synthesis of a high-quality graphene film. The results demonstrate that plasma-assisted thermal CVD is a low-cost and effective way to synthesis high-quality graphene films at low temperature for graphene-based applications.
Survivable virtual network mapping to provide content connectivity against double-link failures (2016)

In recent years, large scale natural disasters (such as earthquakes, or tsunami) have caused multiple Internet outages in different parts of the world, resulting in high infrastructures damages and capacity losses. Content providers are currently investigating novel disaster-resiliency mechanisms to maintain the service continuity in their Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). In case of such widespread failures, the content providers might not be able to guarantee Network Connectivity (i.e., the reachability of all nodes from any node in the network) and researchers have started investigating the concept of Content Connectivity (i.e., the reachability of the content from any point of the network), that can be achieved even when the network is disconnected, as long as a replica of the content can be retrieved in all the disconnected components of the network. In this paper we focus on double-link failures and consider different combinations of content connectivity and network connectivity. As guaranteeing network connectivity against double-link failures may result in very high network-resource consumption, in this work we present an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation for survivable virtual network mapping to guarantee the network connectivity after single-link failures and maintain the content connectivity after double-link failures. We show that maintaining content connectivity against double-link failures costs almost the same, in terms of network resources, as providing network connectivity against single-link failures. We also investigate the trade-off between datacenter placement and the amount of resources needed to provide content connectivity in case of double-link failures.
<title>Smart multiphase composite materials that repair themselves by a release of liquids that become solids</title> (1994)

The subject of this research in fracture mechanics is the enhancement of flexural toughening beyond the original hardened material by the release of liquid `healing' chemicals such as adhesives from hollow fibers into cementitious matrices in response to loading. These chemicals solidify in the cracks to impart an increased toughness and ductility. The mechanisms appear to be adhesive rebonding of the fibers and crack-filling with adhesives that behave more rigidly when bonded inside cracks. An investigation was made into the development of smart cement composites that can self-repair internal cracks due to mechanical loading. The research focused on the cracking of hollow repair fibers dispersed in a composite and the resulting timed release of chemicals that seal matrix microcracks and rebond any damaged interfaces between fiber and matrix. Fiber pull-out tests were performed to examine rebonding of fibers. The rebonding was successful.
Is Humidification Always Necessary During Noninvasive Ventilation in the Hospital? (2010)

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a standard of care for the treatment of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to prevent intubation and reduce morbidity and mortality. The need for humidification of NIV gas is controversial. Some unique aspects of NIV conspire to alter the delivered humidity and airway function. In the presence of air leaks, unidirectional air flow dries the airways and increases airway resistance. Patient comfort is also a critical issue, as tolerance of NIV is often tied to patient comfort. This paper provides the arguments for and against routine humidification during NIV in the hospital setting. Data from clinical research demonstrate the effects of delivered humidification on relevant physiologic variables. The impact of humidification on NIV success/failure remains speculative.
Simultaneous Formation and Spatial Patterning of ZnO on ITO Surfaces by Local Laser-Induced Generation of Microbubbles in Aqueous Solutions of [Zn(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (2017)

We demonstrate the simultaneous formation and spatial patterning of ZnO nanocrystals on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) surface upon local heating using a laser (1064 nm) and subsequent formation of microbubbles. Laser irradiation of an ITO surface in aqueous [Zn(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> solution (1.0 × 10<sup>-2</sup> M at pH 12.0) under an optical microscope produced ZnO nanocrystals, the presence of which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman microspectroscopy. Scanning the focused laser beam over the ITO surface generated a spatial ZnO pattern (height: ∼60 nm, width: ∼1 μm) in the absence of a template or mask. The Marangoni convection generated in the vicinity of the microbubbles resulted in a rapid concentration/accumulation of [Zn(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> around the microbubbles, which led to the formation of ZnO at the solid-bubble-solution three-phase contact line around the bubbles and thus afforded ZnO nanocrystals on the ITO surface upon local heating with a laser.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule (1992)

We reviewed 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule to present our experience of their management and to evaluate the prognostic factors that may influence their outcome. For T1 lesions radiotherapy remains the treatment of choice, because of the superior cosmetic result. Fifteen (68 per cent) out of 22 patients with T2 lesions were treated with primary radiotherapy. Surgery however, was eventually required in 16 (72 per cent) out of 22 patients, either as a primary treatment (seven patients) or as salvage surgery (nine patients). For the larger T3 lesions the treatment of choice is surgery followed by post-operative radiotherapy where appropriate. Regional nodal metastases at the time of presentation were a significant indicator of local and regional recurrence and of prognosis. The cause specific five-year survival for patients with an uninvolved neck (22 patients) was 100 per cent compared with 38 per cent for patients with nodal metastases at presentation (eight patients). Elective treatment for uninvolved regional nodes is not considered necessary.
Methods to Reduce the Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (2013)

The phenomenon of cogging torque in permanent magnet synchronous generators with concentrated windings is considered in this work. Dependence of fluctuation amplitude of the torque on width of stator slot opening is researched. The method to reduce the cogging torque by skewing of stator slot and opening of stator slot width equal distance between magnet and tooth on the rotor is described. The construction of this generator is obtained on the basis of numerical simulation results.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.19.1.3248
Ceramic Tile And Lightweight Aggregate Product Development Using Minnesota Clays (1993)

Contributors: William M. Christensen, Dennis Fink, Steven A. Hauck, Mark J. Mueller, Julie A. Oreskovich, James A. Skurla, Thomas A. Toth
Periodontal Pathogens Stimulate CC‐Chemokine Production by Mononuclear and Bone‐Derived Cells (1999)

The capacity of bacteria to induce a given chemokine depends upon the cell type stimulated. That different cell types would exhibit differences in the CC-chemokines produced under the same stimulus provides a mechanism to explain tissue-specific recruitment of leukocytes.
Cross-Talk Between Cognate and Noncognate RpoE Sigma Factors and Zn <sup>2+</sup> -Binding Anti-Sigma Factors Regulates Photooxidative Stress Response in <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> (2013)

The two redox-sensitive ZAS anti-σ factors in A. brasilense may interact with their cognate as well as noncognate ECF σ factors to play an important role in redox homeostasis by facilitating recovery from the oxidative stress.
Neural ensemble dynamics in dorsal motor cortex during speech in people with paralysis (2019)

Speaking is a sensorimotor behavior whose neural basis is difficult to study with single neuron resolution due to the scarcity of human intracortical measurements. We used electrode arrays to record from the motor cortex 'hand knob' in two people with tetraplegia, an area not previously implicated in speech. Neurons modulated during speaking and during non-speaking movements of the tongue, lips, and jaw. This challenges whether the conventional model of a 'motor homunculus' division by major body regions extends to the single-neuron scale. Spoken words and syllables could be decoded from single trials, demonstrating the potential of intracortical recordings for brain-computer interfaces to restore speech. Two neural population dynamics features previously reported for arm movements were also present during speaking: a component that was mostly invariant across initiating different words, followed by rotatory dynamics during speaking. This suggests that common neural dynamical motifs may underlie movement of arm and speech articulators.
The Science of Miura-Ori: A Review (2009)

However, the physical properties of this fold have not received much interest until recently. In point of fact, it was discovered as the solution of a physical problem of the behavior of thin elastic plates. In other words, it is not an artiﬁcially formed free shape but it is a natural surface fulﬁlling the principle of minimum potential energy. Therefore, it must inevitably relate to physical principles as well as principles of the geometric essence of folds.
Novel aerobic granulation technology for high-performance industrial wastewater treatment (2005)

In this research work, the effects of hydrodynamic shear force, substrate concentrations, and hydraulic retention time on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were studied. Meanwhile, the strategy for improving stability of aerobic granules was also investigated and the potential of aerobic granules as novel biosorbent for soluble metal removal was also looked into.
Combined pilot aided and decision directed channel estimation for the RAKE receiver (2002)

This paper presents pilot aided decision directed approach to estimate Rayleigh fading channel in direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) RAKE receivers. The algorithm is tested with different models of the mobile environment. Simulation results are evaluated against ideal estimates and the estimates obtained by conventional interpolation.
Vibrational properties of epitaxial films on metals. II. fcc Ni on the Cu(001) surface (1989)

The general vibrational properties of epitaxially grown fcc Ni film on the Cu(001) surface have been studied using a central-force lattice-dynamical slab model. We found that, since the force constant in the overlayer film is different from that of the substrate, the surface-phonon modes may merge into the substrate bulk-phonon band, and a strong hybridization between the surface phonons and the bulk modes may take place. The theoretical phonon dispersion curves and the spectral densities are presented, and new film modes have been identified.
Loss of HPV16 E2 Protein Expression Without Disruption of the E2 ORF Correlates with Carcinogenic Progression (2012)

Integration of the viral DNA in the cellular genome has been suggested to be critical in carcinogenic progression of HPV-associated cervical neoplasia. This event can be accompanied by disruption of the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the E2 repressor, thus leading to transcriptional up-regulation of the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes. At this stage, it is unclear whether disruption of the E2 ORF is mandatory for carcinogenic progression. We measured E2 RNA and protein expression in clinical samples of various grades of HPV16-associated cervical neoplasia and compared it with the status of the viral genome. RNA extracted from paraffin embedded tissues was hybridized to specific probes and quantified by the NanoString technology. Protein expression was appreciated by immunohistochemistry and the status of viral DNA was determined by in situ hybridization, all performed on serial sections of the same samples. E2 protein was found highly expressed in CIN1, CIN2 lesions where the HPV DNA was highly replicative, while it was decreased in more advanced grade lesions where replication is decreased or lost (CIN3 and SCC). In contrast, E2 transcripts could be elevated even in conditions of no or low expression of the protein, as found in the Caski cell line. Our data demonstrate that integration of the viral DNA in the cellular genome does not always lead to disruption of the E2 ORF and drastic reduction of E2 transcripts, while in contrast, expression of the E2 protein is always drastically reduced.
High-efficiency AlGaInP light-emitting diodes for solid-state lighting applications (2004)

AlGaInP lattice matched to GaAs is suited for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the red, orange, yellow, and yellow–green wavelength range. Such long-wavelength visible-spectrum devices will play an important role in solid-state lighting applications. This review discusses the major classes of AlGaInP device structures, including absorbing-substrate (AS) LEDs, absorbing substrate LEDs enhanced by distributed-Bragg-reflectors (DBRs), transparent substrate (TS) LEDs, thin-film (TF) LEDs, and LEDs using omnidirectional reflectors (ODRs). Some of these device structures have well-known deficiencies: A significant fraction of light is absorbed in the GaAs substrate in AS-LEDs; DBRs are essentially transparent at oblique angles of incidence leading to substantial optical losses. More recent developments such as TS-LEDs and TF-LEDs avoid these drawbacks. High-reflectivity, electrically conductive ODRs were recently developed that considerably outperform conventional distributed Bragg reflectors. LEDs using such conductive ODRs can replace DBRs in AlGaInP LEDs and are potential candidates for low-cost high-efficiency LEDs suitable for high-power solid-state lighting applications.
Path resizing based on incremental technique (2002)

Based on an incremental path search algorithm, this paper addresses the problem of longest combinational paths selection for performance optimization at the physical level. A realistic evaluation of gate delay and controlled sizing techniques are used to manage the circuit path sizing alternatives, such as delay or power/area constraints. The efficiency of this technique is demonstrated and also illustrated on several ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits. A comparison is given between sizing alternatives to local optimization steps controlled by specific indicators.
Liposomal delivery of dexamethasone attenuates prostate cancer bone metastatic tumor growth In Vivo (2015)

Liposomal delivery of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone inhibits the growth of malignant bone lesions. We believe that liposomal encapsulation of dexamethasone offers a promising new treatment option for advanced, metastatic prostate cancer which supports further clinical evaluation.
Combined‐Stage Sintering Model (1992)

By focusing on the similarities between the three stages of sintering, a single equation is derived that quantifies sintering as a continuous process from beginning to end. The microstructure is characterized by two separate parameters representing geometry and scale. The dimensionless geometry parameter, denoted T, comprises five scaling factors that relate specific microstructural featuers (e.g., surface curvature) to the scale (grain diameter). Calculations of T from experimental data show (a) agreement with computer simulations of initial‐stage sintering, (b) the effect of surface diffusion on T, and (c) changes in T with microstructural evolution during sintering. Application of the model to the design of firing schedules and the study of microstructural geometry effects on sintering is discussed.