gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mg3Al2Si3O12 jeffbenite inclusion in super-deep diamonds is thermodynamically stable at very shallow Earth’s depths (2023)

Jeffbenite (having the same chemical composition of pyrope, ~ Mg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, and also known as TAPP phase) is a mineral inclusion only found in diamonds formed between about 300 and 1000 km depth) and is considered a stable phase in the transition zone (410-660 km depth) and/or in the shallowest regions of the lower mantle (around 660-700 km depth). This rare and enigmatic mineral is considered to be a pressure marker for super-deep diamonds and therefore it has a key role in super-deep diamond research. However, the pressure-temperature stability fields for Mg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> jeffbenite is unknown and its actual formation conditions remain unexplored. Here we have determined the thermodynamic pressure-temperature stability field for the jeffbenite Mg-end member and surprisingly discovered that it is stable at low pressure-temperature conditions, i.e., 2-4 GPa at 800 and 500 °C. Thus, Mg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> jeffbenite is not the high-pressure polymorph of pyrope and is likely a retrogressed phase formed during the late ascent stages of super-deep diamonds to the surface.
Editor's Introduction (2021)

The final issue of Screen Bodies Volume 6 offers readers an ideal combination of the diverse kinds of work we feature, from a macroscopic theory that proposes a new discipline, to a set of articles that rigorously examine a small number of artworks with respect to a shared topic, to a piece of curatorial criticism on a recent media arts exhibition. The articles collected here offer a fitting cross section of the topics and media we cover, discussing such varied subjects as prehistoric art, Pink Film, artificial intelligence, and video art.
Interpolation and extrapolation using a high-resolution discrete Fourier transform (1998)

We present an iterative nonparametric approach to spectral estimation that is particularly suitable for estimation of line spectra. This approach minimizes a cost function derived from Bayes' theorem. The method is suitable for line spectra since a "long tailed" distribution is used to model the prior distribution of spectral amplitudes. Since the data themselves are used as constraints, phase information can also be recovered and used to extend the data outside the original window. The objective function is formulated in terms of hyperparameters that control the degree of fit and spectral resolution. Noise rejection can also be achieved by truncating the number of iterations. Spectral resolution and extrapolation length are controlled by a single parameter. When this parameter is large compared with the spectral powers, the algorithm leads to zero extrapolation of the data, and the estimated Fourier transform yields the periodogram. When the data are sampled at a constant rate, the algorithm uses one Levinson recursion per iteration. For irregular sampling, the algorithm uses one Cholesky decomposition per iteration. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated with three different problems that arise in geophysical data: (1) harmonic retrieval from a time series contaminated with noise; (2) linear event detection from a finite aperture array of receivers, (3) interpolation/extrapolation of gapped data. The performance of the algorithm as a spectral estimator is tested with the Kay and Marple (1981) data set.
Conduction and Induction Heating (1990)

This book aims at a theoretical and practical treatment of both conduction and induction heating. They shape a common theory, one being the 'mirror image' of the other, and so one get two for the price of one. The book comprises four parts: conduction theory, induction theory, heat flow and practice. Modern induction practice is treated in four big chapters - through heating, surface heating, special applications and metal melting. In addition, there is a smaller chapter ono conduction heating, although at first sight, this might seem a lot of theory, the practical chapters make up half of the book and the theory itself is practically oriented. Throughout, the emphasis is on fundamentals and understanding, usually starting from first principles, with plenty of worked examples. Much of the theory is new, being either presented differently on solving new problems. Most of the direct resistance heating is new. There are new approaches to tube heating, both for DRH and induction; these show clearly the relationship to the solid solution. There are also chapters on saturation and the effect of permeability. This is a book that should be invaluable to engineers and technicians, designers and users. It will be useful to students studying either the theory of the heating process or its practice. The mathematics is not difficult and SI units are used throughout
Genomic Analysis Reveals Variation between <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv and the Attenuated <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H37Ra Strain (1999)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra is an attenuated tubercle bacillus closely related to the virulent type strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Despite extensive study, the reason for the decreased virulence of M. tuberculosis H37Ra has not been determined. A genomic approach was therefore initiated to identify genetic differences between M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. tuberculosis H37Ra as a means of pinpointing the attenuating mutation(s). Digestion with the rare-cutting restriction endonuclease DraI revealed two polymorphisms between the strains: a 480-kb fragment in M. tuberculosis H37Rv was replaced by two fragments of 220 and 260 kb in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, while there was a approximately 7.9-kb DraI fragment in M. tuberculosis H37Ra that had no counterpart in M. tuberculosis H37Rv. As the M. tuberculosis insertion sequence IS6110 contains a single DraI restriction site, it was considered possible that these polymorphisms were the result of IS6110 transposition events in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, events that may have inactivated virulence genes. The 7.9-kb polymorphism was found to be due to the presence of the previously described H37Rv RvD2 deletion in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, with sequence analysis suggesting an IS6110-mediated deletion mechanism for loss of RvD2. Three other IS6110-catalyzed deletions from the M. tuberculosis H37Rv chromosome (RvD3 to RvD5) were also identified, suggesting that this mechanism plays an important role in genome plasticity in the tubercle bacilli. Comparative mapping and sequencing revealed that the 480-kb polymorphism was due to an IS6110 insertion in M. tuberculosis H37Ra near oriC. Complementation of M. tuberculosis H37Ra with a 2.9-kb restriction fragment from M. tuberculosis H37Rv that encompassed the IS6110 insertion did not increase the survival of recombinant M. tuberculosis H37Ra in mice. In conclusion, this study describes the presence and mechanisms of genomic variation between M. tuberculosis H37Ra and M. tuberculosis H37Rv, although the role that they play in the attenuation of M. tuberculosis H37Ra is unclear.
An improved ant colony optimization (I-ACO) method for the quasi travelling salesman problem (Quasi-TSP) (2015)

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) and its quasi problem (Quasi-TSP) are typical problems in path optimization, and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is considered as an effective way to solve TSP. However, when the problems come to high dimensions, the classic algorithm works with low efficiency and accuracy, and usually cannot obtain an ideal solution. To overcome the shortcoming of the classic algorithm, this paper proposes an improved ant colony optimization (I-ACO) algorithm which combines swarm intelligence with local search to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm. Experiments are carried out to verify the availability and analyze the performance of I-ACO algorithm, which cites a Quasi-TSP based on a practical problem in a tourist area. The results illustrate the higher accuracy and efficiency of the I-ACO algorithm to solve Quasi-TSP, comparing with greedy algorithm, simulated annealing, classic ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm, and prove that the I-ACO algorithm is a positive effective way to tackle Quasi-TSP.
Design of Enzyme‐Encapsulated Protein Containers by In Vivo Crystal Engineering (2015)

Crystalline protein assemblies of polyhedra crystal (PhC) can be utilized as solid enzyme containers for long-term storage of enzymes with retention of their enzymatic activity. The enzymes can be released from the crystals at the optimum pH for the enzymatic activity by dissolution of the crystals using in vivo crystal engineering.
Hardware/software tradeoffs for increased performance (1982)

Most new computer architectures are concerned with maximizing performance by providing suitable instruction sets for compiled code and providing support for systems functions. We argue that the most effective design methodology must make simultaneous tradeoffs across all three areas: hardware, software support, and systems support. Recent trends lean towards extensive hardware support for both the compiler and operating systems software. However, consideration of all possible design tradeoffs may often lead to less hardware support. Several examples of this approach are presented, including: omission of condition codes, word-addressed machines, and imposing pipeline interlocks in software. The specifics and performance of these approaches are examined with respect to the MIPS processor.
PREPARATION OF DURABLE MODIFIED RANEY NICKEL CATALYST (MRNi) (1984)

Abstract A new type of asymmetrically modified Raney nickel catalyst with high durability has been prepared by treating the Raney nickel modified with tartaric acid and NaBr with a small amount of amine. The resulting catalyst showed high enantioface-differentiating ability and hydrogenation activity even after repeated uses of ten times upon the hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate to methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate.
Respiratory syncytial virus: prospects for new and emerging therapeutics (2017)

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. Although the development of a RSV vaccine has been a priority for >50 years, there is still no vaccine available. Treatment of RSV LRTI has remained mostly supportive, i.e. hydration and oxygenation. Palivizumab and ribavirin are the only options currently available for prevention and treatment of RSV infection, but evidence suggests that they are not fully effective. This creates a significant unmet medical need for new therapeutics for prevention and treatment of RSV worldwide.Areas covered: This article reviews the antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for RSV that are in different stages of clinical development.Expert commentary: Over the last 10 years, new antiviral drugs and mAb have shown clinical promise against RSV, and may become available in the coming years. Although the RSV fusion protein has been the most popular target for inhibitors and mAbs, new approaches targeting other viral proteins have shown promising results. To overcome the emergence of RSV escape mutants, combination antiviral therapy may be explored in the future.
Parametric processes in quasi-phasematching gratings with random duty cycle errors (2013)

Random duty cycle (RDC) errors in quasi-phase-matching (QPM) gratings lead to a pedestal in the spatialfrequency spectrum that increases the conversion efficiency for nominally phase-mismatched processes.Here, we determine the statistical properties of the Fourier spectrum of the QPM grating in the presence of RDC errors.We illustrate these properties with examples corresponding to periodic gratings with parameters typical for continuous-wave interactions, and chirped gratings with parameters typical for devices involving broad optical bandwidths.We show how several applications are sensitive to RDC errors by calculating the conversion efficiency of relevant nonlinear-optical processes.Last, we propose a method to efficiently incorporate RDC errors into coupled-wave models of nonlinear-optical interactions while still retaining only a small number of QPM grating orders.
Genetic algorithm solution for the intelligent turret assembly system (2004)

The intelligent turret assembly system (itas) was designed to provide a reconfigurable assembly system with a small footprint using modular units that can be fitted with a variety of tools. Due to the many possible tool placements, genetic algorithm was used to generate solutions that would help maximize the utilization of the itas. The implemented genetic algorithm solution uses an array-based chromosome that corresponds to the tool-placement. To evolve the solution, a combination of partially mapped crossover operator and a mutation operator that acts by swapping of genes was used. Due to the difficulty in predicting collision in the system, the objective function was implemented through the simulation of the behaviour of the itas. This is believed to be due to the orthogonality that exists between different assembly processes as well as the time varying nature of the system.
Beyond Range: Innovating Fluorescence Microscopy (2012)

Time-of-Flight (ToF) technologies are developed mainly for range estimations in industrial applications or consumer products. Recently, it was realized that ToF sensors could also be used for the detection of fluorescence and of the minute changes in the nanosecond-lived electronic states of fluorescent molecules. This capability can be exploited to report on the biochemical processes occurring within living organisms. ToF technologies, therefore, provide new opportunities in molecular and cell biology, diagnostics, and drug discovery. In this short communication, the convergence of the engineering and biomedical communities onto ToF technologies and its potential impact on basic, applied and translational sciences are discussed.
Aurora‐A expressing tumour cells are deficient for homology‐directed DNA double strand‐break repair and sensitive to PARP inhibition (2010)

The protein kinase Aurora-A is a major regulator of the cell cycle that orchestrates mitotic entry and is required for the assembly of a functional mitotic spindle. Overexpression of Aurora-A has been strongly linked with oncogenesis and this has led to considerable efforts at therapeutic targeting of the kinase activity of this protein. However, the exact mechanism by which Aurora-A promotes oncogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that Aurora-A modulates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Aurora-A expression inhibits RAD51 recruitment to DNA DSBs, decreases DSB repair by homologous recombination and sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibition. This impairment of RAD51 function requires inhibition of CHK1 by Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). These results identify a novel function of Aurora-A in modulating the response to DNA DSB that likely contributes to carcinogenesis and suggest a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of cancers overexpressing this protein.
Face detection using skin tone segmentation (2011)

Human face detection has become a major field of interest in current research because there is no deterministic algorithm to find face(s) in a given image. Further the algorithms that exist are very much specific to the kind of images they would take as input and detect faces. The problem is to detect faces in the given, colored group photograph. In this paper, an improved segmentation algorithm for face detection in color images with multiple faces and skin tone regions is proposed. Algorithm ingeniously uses a novel skin color model, RGB-HS-CbCr for the detection of human faces. Skin regions are extracted using a set of bounding rules based on the skin color distribution obtained from a training set. The segmented face regions are further classified using a parallel combination of simple morphological operations. Experimental results on a large photo data set have demonstrated that the proposed model is able to achieve good detection success rates for near-frontal faces of varying orientations, skin color and background environment.
Archaebiotics: Archaea as Pharmabiotics for Treating Chronic Disease in Humans? (2017)

Recent findings highlight the role of the human gut microbiota in various disorders. For example, atherosclerosis frequently seems to be the consequence of gut microbiota–derived metabolism of some dietary components. Pharmabiotics (i.e., live/dead microbes and microbe-derived substances) and probiotics (live microorganisms with a health benefit when administered in adequate amounts) are a means to counteract these deleterious effects. Among the latter, microbes now being used or, being currently developed, are bacteria and eukaryotes (yeasts), so omitting the third domain of life—the archaea, despite their unique properties that could be of great interest to human health. Here, we promote the idea that some specific archaea are potential next-generation probiotics. This is based on an innovative example of the bioremediation of a gut microbial metabolite. Indeed, besides the fact that they are archaea (i.e. originating from a domain of life from which no pathogens of humans/animals/plants are currently known), they are rationally selected based on (i) being naturally human-hosted, (ii) having a unique metabolism not performed by other human gut microbes, (iii) depleting a deleterious atherogenic compound generated by the human gut microbiota and (iv) generating a health inert gas.
Anomalous Electrochemical Behavior of N-Type GaN Films on α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Substrates (1999)

The anodic behavior of n-type GaN films grown on α-Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrates has been studied. During the galvanostatic anodization of a GaN sample, electrode potential in the dark is low at the beginning of the anodization and suddenly becomes very high as the anodization proceeds. After the electrode potential becomes high, the sample shows a marked effect of ultraviolet light irradiation. The low electrode potential at the initial stage of the anodization is interpreted to be due to the selective etching of low-quality and/or high-carrier-density parts in a GaN film. Due to the selective removal of a part of a GaN film near the film/α-Al 2 O 3 substrate interface as one of the low-quality and/or high-carrier-density parts, the film is peeled off from the substrate after the anodization. The peeling suggests that the film contains a low-quality and/or high-carrier-density part in the vicinity of the substrate.
Open-Source LiDAR Time Synchronization System by Mimicking GPS-clock. (2021)

Time synchronization of multiple sensors is one of the main issues when building sensor networks. Data fusion algorithms and their applications, such as LiDAR-IMU Odometry (LIO), rely on precise timestamping. We introduce open-source LiDAR to inertial measurement unit (IMU) hardware time synchronization system, which could be generalized to multiple sensors such as cameras, encoders, other LiDARs, etc. The system mimics a GPS-supplied clock interface by a microcontroller-powered platform and provides 1 microsecond synchronization precision. In addition, we conduct an evaluation of the system precision comparing to other synchronization methods, including timestamping provided by ROS software and LiDAR inner clock, showing clear advantages over both baseline methods.
Dexterity of Manipulators at an Operating Point (1995)

Abstract This paper presents a method for analyzing dexterity of manipulators comprising spherical wrists. The goal is to provide the user with knowledge of orientability of the end-effector at a target. Wrist accessible output sets are determined analytically by first determining manipulator singularities, followed by back substituting the singularities into the constraint equations to parametrize surfaces. Since regions of a surface may exist inside the wrist accessible output set, and other regions on the boundary, surfaces are segmented into subsurfaces. To determine whether a subsurface is an internal or boundary one, each subsurface is studied for existence inside the wrist accessible output set by perturbing a point along its normal. Closed-form solutions of the boundary of the wrist accessible output set are obtained. A service sphere is located at an operating point in the accessible output set and the sphere is intersected with the boundary sub-surfaces. The intersection curves are computed and projected onto the space of a cylinder, then the cylinder is unrolled to depict a map. Dexterity charts are introduced as maps depicting orientability of the end-effector at a target.
Chromatography of bis‐(3‐sulfopropyl) disulfide and its breakdown products by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection (2011)

A chromatographic method for the detection of bis-(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS), a common additive in acidic copper plating baths, and its breakdown products is demonstrated. The detection scheme involves a combination of solid-phase extraction for sample pre-treatment, C(18) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography column for separation, and electrochemical sensor for detection of all non-fully oxidized sulfur-containing compounds. We were able to achieve an effective separation and accurately assign chromatographic peaks to all detectable species. Owing to a high sensitivity of the utilized electrochemical detector, detection in low parts per billion range was possible. This can prove crucial for plating bath control, since minute amounts of certain by-products significantly affect the bath performance.
Regulation of TGF-β receptor hetero-oligomerization and signaling by endoglin (2015)

Complex formation among transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors and its modulation by coreceptors represent an important level of regulation for TGF-β signaling. Oligomerization of ALK5 and the type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII) has been thoroughly investigated, both in vitro and in intact cells. However, such studies, especially in live cells, are missing for the endothelial cell coreceptor endoglin and for the ALK1 type I receptor, which enables endothelial cells to respond to TGF-β by activation of both Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/8. Here we combined immunoglobulin G-mediated immobilization of one cell-surface receptor with lateral mobility studies of a coexpressed receptor by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to demonstrate that endoglin forms stable homodimers that function as a scaffold for binding TβRII, ALK5, and ALK1. ALK1 and ALK5 bind to endoglin with differential dependence on TβRII, which plays a major role in recruiting ALK5 to the complex. Signaling data indicate a role for the quaternary receptor complex in regulating the balance between TGF-β signaling to Smad1/5/8 and to Smad2/3.
Time-space regularization of the inverse problem of electrocardiography (2002)

Our goal is to reconstruct the epicardial potentials (EPs) from measured body surface potentials. This non-invasive technique is useful for the diagnostics of cardio-vascular diseases. In our approach, the time-correlation between EPs is used as the regularizing a priori information. This information is introduced via the state-space representation previously proposed. Our contribution is the derivation of maximum likelihood estimators for identification of the parameters of the state-space model, and in a second stage, for determination of the EPs. Therefore, all unknown quantities are determined from the only available data: the body surface potentials.