gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balancing context switch penalty and response time with elastic time slicing (2014)

Virtualization allows the platform to have increased number of logical processors by multiplexing the underlying resources across different virtual machines. The hardware resources get time shared not only between different virtual machines, but also between different workloads of the same virtual machine. An important source of performance degradation in such a scenario comes from the cache warmup penalties a workload experiences when it gets scheduled, as the working set belonging to the workload gets displaced by other concurrently running workloads. We show that a virtual machine that time switches between four workloads can cause some of the workloads a slowdown of as much as 54%. However, such performance degradation depends on the workload behavior, with some workloads experiencing negligible degradation and some severe degradation. We propose Elastic Time Slicing (ETS) to reduce the context switch overhead for the most affected workloads. We demonstrate that by taking the workload-specific context switch overhead into consideration, the CPU scheduler can make better decisions to minimize the context switch penalty for the most affected workloads, thereby resulting in substantial performance improvements. ETS enhances performance without compromising on response time, thereby achieving dual benefits. To facilitate ETS, we develop a low-overhead hardware-based mechanism that dynamically estimates the sensitivity of a given workload to context switching. We evaluate the accuracy of the mechanism under various cache management policies and show that it is very reliable. Context switch related warmup penalties increase as optimizations are applied to address traditional cache misses. For the first time, we assess the impact of advanced replacement policies and establish that it is significant.
Spectrally resolved single-photon imaging with hybrid superconducting - nanophotonic circuits (2016)

The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz. We demonstrate multi-detector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting-nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength division multiplexing on a chip.
Epitaxial Deposition of Silicon in Deep Grooves (1975)

An epitaxial silicon growth technique to preferentially deposit into and refill deep, vertically walled, orientation‐dependent etched grooves in (110) silicon was developed. All of the common silicon chlorides can be used with the addition of to the deposition system. A mask on the top surface of the substrate is not needed with this selective deposition technique. After refill of the deep grooves, even with variable depths, a planar surface is created. A thermodynamic analysis of the experimental conditions was carried out, and it shows that all of the various experimental conditions successfully used are about equally shifted from equilibrium.
Model-fitting approach to array calibration (2003)

The authors propose an approach to array calibration which can be used in a general correlated signal environment and requires little knowledge of calibration system geometry. A set of measured phases of signals which are radiated or reflected by point targets and received at the various antenna elements can be modeled as a Gaussian random vector. The positions of the angles and antenna elements can be linked to the measured phases. Optimum estimates of these positions can be obtained by applying maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation to the measured phases. A Newton ascent algorithm, terminated by a statistical stopping criterion, is developed for implementing the ML estimation of the array geometry. A tolerance theory based on this criterion is used to evaluate the accuracy of the calibrated array geometry and provide array design guidelines. An experiment is included to verify the proposed approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Att ta risker eller utsättas för dem : Om hur flickor i stad och landsbygd förhåller sig till hälsorelaterade risker (2006)

Det ar skillnad pa hur flickor i stad och pa landsbygd ser pa risker. Med fokusgruppsintervjuer som utgangspunkt analyseras hur halsorelaterade risker disktueras och satts i relation till det omgiv ...
Phase Compensation for Thermal Blooming (1974)

Appropriate correction of the initial phase of a laser beam is shown by numerical computation to be capable of appreciably reducing thermal blooming for a cw beam.
Streamlining recombination-mediated genetic engineering by validating three neutral integration sites in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (2017)

The optimized transformation protocol reported in this study provides an efficient way to perform genetic engineering in <i>Synechococcus</i>. We demonstrated that homologous regions of 100 nt are sufficient for inserting a 1 kb DNA fragment into the three tested neutral integration sites. Integration at A2842, A0935 and A0159 results in only a minimal fitness cost for the chassis. This study contributes to developing <i>Synechococcus</i> as the prominent chassis for future synthetic biology applications.
Computing trusted authority scores in peer-to-peer web search networks (2007)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have received great attention for sharing and searching information in large user communities. The open and anonymous nature of P2P networks is one of its main strengths, but it also opens doors to manipulation of the information and of the quality ratings.
Design of a vision-guided microrobotic colonoscopy system (2000)

In this paper presents a novel design of a microrobotic colonoscopy (MRC) system. The proposed microrobotic colonoscope is an autonomous vision-guided device, which is designed to navigate inside a human colon for the purpose of observation, analysis and diagnosis. It is developed to alleviate the shortcomings in the existing manual colonoscopy procedure, which is generally cumbersome and tedious for the colonoscopist and painful to the patients. The MRC system is divided into three areas, i.e. design of the microrobotic device, path planning and guidance, and offboard control system. A novel design of the microrobot is presented which utilizes a pneumatic mechanism to achieve locomotion and steering. A new concept of clamping the colon wall based on passive vacuum devices is suggested. General mathematical analysis governing the differential steering of the robotic tip is also described. The path planning of the microrobot is carried out based on the sensory fusion utilizing the quantitative parameters derived from the captured images and the tactile sensors. An off-board control system to control the directional movements of the microrobot is explained. The proposed colonoscopy system was tested with physical models and animal colons, and the experimental observations are presented.
Expression of small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM) protein in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of primary invasive breast cancers (2008)

Our results suggest that SBEM may identify a unique subset of breast cancers with poor prognosis and may have future implications for therapeutic management of this disease.
Morphogenetic Response of Calli Derived from Primary Explants of Diverse Cultivars of Melon (1987)

Abstract In a previous study with melon ( Cucumis melo L.). Spanish cv. Amarillo Oro, we reported medium, cultural, and environmental conditions that made it possible to regenerate plants from cotyledon segment-derived calli (1). Here, we present results, under the same cultural conditions, of the morphogenetic response of calli derived from the same kind of explants from several melon cultivars obtained from different countries.
MMP-2 and MMP-9 Secreted by Leukemic Cells Increase the Permeability of Blood-Brain Barrier by Disrupting Tight Junction Proteins In Central Nervous System Leukemia (2010)

Abstract Abstract 2694 Recurrence of acute leukemia (AL) in the central nervous system (CNS) confers a poor prognosis. However, little is known about the the underlying mechanisms of leukemic cell infiltration into the CNS. The blood brain barrier (BBB) makes CNS become a refugee to leukemic cells and serves as a resource of cells that seed extraneural sites. Tight junction in brain microvessel endothelial cells (HMECs) constituted by tight junction proteins is an important structure of BBB. Except the well known role of degrading extracellular matrix in metastasis of cancer cells, here we identify matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 secreted by leukemic cells are also associated with BBB opening by degrading tight junction proteins. We have successfully established an animal model of CNS leukemia by using a highly invasive human acute monocytic leukemia cell line SHI-1 in nude mice. Multiple organs including skull and brain were sectioned and determined histopathologically for leukemia cell infiltration. The fact that the down- regulation of ZO-1, Claun-5 and Occludin accompanied with up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was correlated with BBB breakdown in mice with CNS leukemia was found when examined by laser scanning fluorescence confocal microscopy and gelatin in situ zymography. The treatment with MMP-inhibitor GM6001 could significantly reverse these changes in tight junction proteins. In an in vitro monolayer BBB model made by human encephalo-microvessel endothelial cells and matreil gel, MMP-2 and MMP-9 specifically down-regulated ZO-1, Claun-5 and Occludin. Knock-down or inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression protected ZO-1, Claun-5 and occludin from degradation and alleviated the permeability of BBB. Our findings suggest that the degradation of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Claun-5 and Occludin by MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted by leukemic cells constitutes an important mechanism in BBB breakdown in CNS leukemia. These studies provide a potent evidence for future pharmacological treatment to inhibit the CNS involvement in acute leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide‐co‐<i>ε</i>‐ caprolactone) copolymers: influence of sequential monomer addition on chain microstructure (2007)

Abstract A series of copolymers with various compositions were synthesized by one‐step and two‐step bulk ring‐opening polymerizations of L ‐lactide (LA) and ε ‐caprolactone (CL) using stannous octoate [Sn(Oct) 2 ] and 1‐hexanol as the initiating system. For the sequential two‐step polymerization, a poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (PCL) prepolymer was polymerized first to a percent conversion of approximately 70% and LA then added in order to produce a copolymer with a chain microstructure different from that obtained from the corresponding one‐step reaction. The resulting copolymers were characterized using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The average sequence lengths of the lactidyl ( $l_{{\rm LL}}^{\rm e}$ ) and caproyl ( $l_{{\rm cap}}^{\rm e}$ ) units, the degree of randomness ( R ) and the transesterification coefficient ( T (II) ) were calculated from the 13 C‐NMR spectra. The appearance of a signal due to CapLCap sequences was directly attributable to transesterification of lactidyl (LL) units. It was found that both $l_{{\rm LL}}^{\rm e}$ and $l_{{\rm cap}}^{\rm e}$ values from the two‐step syntheses were significantly longer than from the corresponding one‐step syntheses, leading to different semi‐crystalline morphologies and chain microstructures. The copolymers all showed at least some blocky chain structure as a result of the significant difference in monomer reactivity (LA > CL) between LA and CL. Thermal properties including stability depended on both composition and chain microstructure which could be controlled by the method of synthesis. From their DSC curves, the two‐step copolymers were seen to be semi‐crystalline whereas the one‐step copolymers were mainly amorphous. A more blocky microstructure, as obtained from the two‐step method, appeared to result in a lower thermal stability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<i>Plasmodium berghei</i> sporozoites are mitogenic for murine T cells, induce interferon, and activate natural killer cells. (1984)

Enhanced natural killer (NK) activity was detected in the spleens of mice as early as 24 hr after single i.v. inoculation with gamma-irradiated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. The activity peaked at 48 hr post-injection, and declined below baseline level by day 8. Reinoculation of mice with irradiated sporozoites produced an increased NK activity significantly smaller than the original activity. Spleen cells sensitized in vivo as well as nonsensitized spleen cells stimulated in vitro with sporozoites produced high levels of interferon (IFN) and displayed enhanced NK activity. Characterization of the IFN through the use of specific antibodies revealed that it was mainly IFN-gamma. The cellular basis for IFN-gamma induction was linked to the mitogenicity of P. berghei sporozoites for T cells. The possibility exists that IFN-gamma may have a regulatory effect on antibody production against P. berghei sporozoites.
SEAD Counter: Self-Adaptive Counters With Different Counting Ranges (2021)

The Sketch is a compact data structure useful for network measurements. However, to cope with the high speeds of the current data plane, it needs to be held in the small on-chip memory (SRAM). Therefore, the product of the counter size and the number of counters must be below a certain limit. With small counters, some will overflow. With large counters, the total number of counters will be small, but each counter will be shared by more flows, leading to poor accuracy. To address this issue, we propose a generic technique: <i>self-adaptive counters (SEAD Counter)</i>. When the value of the counter is small, it works as a standard counter. When the value of the counter is large however, we increment it using a predefined probability, so as to represent this large value. Moreover, in the SEAD Counter, the probability decreases when the value increases. We show that this technique can significantly improve the accuracy of counters. This technique can be adapted to different circumstances. We theoretically analyze the improvements achieved by the SEAD Counter. We further show that our SEAD Counter can be extended to three typical sketches and Bloom filters. We conduct extensive experiments on three real datasets and one synthetic dataset. The experimental results show that, compared with the state-of-the-art, sketches using the SEAD Counter improve the accuracy by up to 13.6 times, while the Bloom filters using SEAD Counter can reduce the false positive rate by more than one order of magnitude.
Fecal microbiota transplantation in relapsing <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (2012)

Clostridium difficile infection rates are Climbing in frequency and severity, and the spectrum of susceptible patients is expanding beyond the traditional scope of hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation is becoming increasingly accepted as an effective and safe intervention in patients with recurrent disease, likely due to the restoration of a disrupted microbiome. Cure rates of > 90% are being consistently reported from multiple centers. Transplantation can be provided through a variety of methodologies, either to the lower proximal, lower distal, or upper gastrointestinal tract. This review summarizes reported results, factors in donor selection, appropriate patient criteria, and the various preparations and mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplant delivery available to clinicians and patients.
High-definition optical coherence tomography intrinsic skin ageing assessment in women: a pilot study (2015)

Several non-invasive two-dimensional techniques with different lateral resolution and measurable depth range have proved to be useful in assessing and quantifying morphological changes in skin ageing. Among these, only in vivo microscopy techniques permit histometric measurements in vivo. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of chronological (intrinsic) age-related (IAR) morphological changes of epidermis, dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ), papillary dermis (PD), papillary-reticular dermis junction and reticular dermis (RD) have been performed by high-definition optical coherence tomography in real time 3-D. HD-OCT images were taken at the internal site of the right upper arm. Qualitative HD-OCT IAR descriptors were reported at skin surface, at epidermal layer, DEJ, PD and upper RD. Quantitative evaluation of age-related compaction and backscattered intensity or brightness of different skin layers was performed by using the plugin plot z-axis profile of ImageJ(®) software permitting intensity assessment of HD-OCT (DICOM) images (3-D images). Analysis was in blind from all clinical information. Sixty, fair-skinned (Fitzpatrick types I-III) healthy females were analysed retrospectively in this study. The subjects belonged to three age groups: twenty in group I aged 20-39, twenty in group II aged 40-59 and twenty in group III aged 60-79. Only intrinsic ageing in women has been studied. Significant age-related qualitative and quantitative differences could be noticed. IAR changes in dermal matrix fibers morphology/organisation and in microvasculature were observed. The brightness and compaction of the different skin layers increased significantly with intrinsic skin ageing. The depth of visibility of fibers in RD increased significantly in the older age group. In conclusion, HD-OCT allows 3-D in vivo and real time qualitative and quantitative assessment of chronological (intrinsic) age-related morphological skin changes at high resolution from skin surface to a depth of the superficial reticular dermis.
Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water (2017)

Cellulosic nanomaterials are potential candidates in different areas, especially in water treatment. In the current work, palm fruit stalks cellulose nanofibers (CNF), TEMPO-oxidized CNF (OCNF), and activated carbon (AC) were used to make thin film membranes for removal of <i>E. coli</i> bacteria from water. Two types of layered membranes were produced: a single layer setup of crosslinked CNF and a two-layer setup of AC/OCNF (bottom) and crosslinked CNF (up) on hardened filter paper. The prepared membranes were evaluated regarding their microstructure and layers thickness using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water flux and rejection of <i>E. coli</i> bacteria was tested using dead end stirred cells at 1 MPa pressure. Thickness of the cosslinked CNF layer in both types of membranes was about 0.75 micron. The results showed that exchanging water by isopropyl alcohol before drying increased porosity of membranes, and thus resulted in increasing pure water flux and flux of bacteria suspension. The two-layer AC/OCNF/CNF membrane had much higher water flux than the single layer CNF due to higher porosity seen on the surface of the former. Both types of membranes showed high capability of removing <i>E. coli</i> bacteria (rejection ~96⁻99%) with slightly higher efficiency for the AC/OCNF/CNF membrane than CNF membrane. AC/OCNF/CNF membrane also showed resistance against growth of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> bacteria on the upper CNF surface while the single layer CNF membrane did not show resistance against growth of the aforementioned bacteria.
Adaptive PMD compensation for 170 Gbit/s RZ transmission systems with alternating polarisation (2005)

We report on adaptive PMD (polarisation mode dispersion) compensation in a 170 Gbit/s RZ transmission system with alternating polarisation. The PMD tolerance is significantly improved using an asymmetric rather than symmetric setup of the two-stage PMD compensator.
Documentation and assessment of pharmacist-initiated drug therapy interventions. (1992)

In conclusion, the development of an efficient system to document pharmacist-initiated drug therapy interventions has been successful. The system has been incorporated into the pharmacy quality assurance program and is being used to evaluate the provision of pharmaceutical care. Finally, the system has been incorporated into the clinical services drug-use evaluation program and is being used to evaluate individual physician prescribing practices.
উততরবঙগর লকনটয পলটয়: সমজক পরকষপট ও পরবশন রত (2023)

উত্তরবঙ্গের একটি বিশিষ্ট লোকনাট্য হল ‘পালাটিয়া’। উত্তরবঙ্গে প্রচলিত কুশান, কিচ্চাবন্দী, বিষহরা প্রভৃতি লোকনাট্যের পরিবেশনের একটি বিশেষ রীতি আছে। এগুলি গীতবহুল; প্রথমে পয়ার-গীতের মাধ্যমে কাহিনির কিছু অংশ বর্ণনা করা হয়, তার পর মূলী ও দোয়ারির কথোপকথনের মাধ্যমে সেই কাহিনি বা ঘটনার ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়, এর পর প্রয়োজন অনুসারে ঘটনাটি অভিনয় করা হয়। এক্ষেত্রে অনেক কথাই বর্ণনা ও ব্যাখ্যার মাধ্যমে বলে দেওয়া হয়, তাই সমস্ত ঘটনা অভিনয়ের প্রয়োজন হয় না। কিন্তু আলোচ্য ‘পালাটিয়া’ গানের উপস্থাপন রীতি ভিন্ন প্রকৃতির, সাধারণ যাত্রাপালর মতো। এক্ষেত্রে কাহিনি বর্ণনা নয়, সরাসরি পালা পরিবেশিত হয়, তাই এর নাম পালাটিয়া। এই নাট্য রাজবংশী সমাজের পৃষ্ঠপোষকতায় রাজবংশী ভাষায় অভিনীত হয়। এর আসর (অঙ্গন মঞ্চ/arena stage) পূর্বে বৃত্তাকার থাকলেও পরবর্তীকালে বর্গাকার (square) হয়েছে। আসরের চারিদিক ঘিরে দর্শকেরা বসে। নাট্যকাহিনির সূত্র ধরেই দর্শকদের সঙ্গে পরিবেশনকারীদের (Performer) সংযোগ ঘটে, যা লোকনাট্যের একটি বিশিষ্ট দিক। পৌরাণিক, শাস্ত্রকেন্দ্রিক বা সামাজিক কাহিনি নিয়ে পালাগুলি তৈরি হয়। এগুলোর মধ্য দিয়ে সমাজের মানুষকে ধর্মীয় ও নীতিশিক্ষা প্রদান করা হয়। বর্তমানে এই নাট্যধারা হারিয়ে যেতে বসেছে।
PERFLUOROALKYLATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS WITH RfI(Ph)OSO2CF3 (1981)

Abstract Perfluoroalkylation of various aromatic compounds with perfluoroalkylphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (FITS) under mild conditions was described. The reactivity of other perfluoroalkyliodonium salts was also examined.
Sports Supplements (2005)

Performance is the combination of favorable genetics, proper training, and a sound approach to nutrition. Athletes attempting to gain a competitive edge often try artificial means of improving speed, strength, and endurance. Although some use oral or injectable medications, others turn to nutritional supplements. This article focuses on some of the most common methods athletes use to enhance performance. Reported dosages, representative studies, and potential side effects are reviewed, along with guidelines for evaluating supplements, and the claims of their manufacturers.