gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Novel Fine Line 2.1 D Package with Organic Interposer Using Advanced Substrate-Based Process (2018)

Development of 2.1D package with organic interposer in panel size based on the high resolution dry film photoresist and the ultra-thin electro-less copper seed layer will be reported in this paper. The aim of 2.1D technology is focus on the reducing of production cost and increase I/O counts simultaneously. Compare to the wafer level lithography process, substrate-based process leads to the benefit in cost reduction and risk elusion form chip first process. The high resolution photolithography semi-additive processes (SAP) can achieve 3 μm copper line width and 25 μm laser drilled vias in panel size (510*408mm). On the other hand, the sputtered metal seed layer can be replaced by electro-less copper plating seed layer (approximately 0.1 μm). When it comes to cost, dry film photoresist and electro-less copper seed layer processes can significantly save the equipment and material cost compared to the wafer patterning process. These high density interconnection lines, micro-bump pads and vias are integrated and demonstrated on an organic film in the thickness of 25 μm. Micro-bump pads designed for the copper pillar bond are with a 25 μm diameter and a 40 μm pitch. Flip chip bond alignment is verified by the x-ray examination. The embedded trace substrate (ETS) by using plating nickel thin layer for etching resistance, copper trace with 3 μm width and spacing embedded in the organic film can be formed with very good flatness performance. Moreover, this designed 2.1D organic interposer substrate has passed the MSL3 (Moisture Soaking Level 3) standard and the TCT (Thermal Cycling Test) reliability test with 1000 cycles. In terms of electrical property study, kinds of dielectric materials and high resolution photoresists are employed in this study. The electrical measurement including DC resistance and S-parameter is performed to tell apart the different performance of dielectric and photoresist materials, and the result show agreement with the formed appearance of copper traces.
Directional coupling in hollow Bragg fiber bundles (2005)

Coupling between TE01 modes of two collinear hollow-core Bragg fibers is characterized as a function of the inter-fiber separation and wavelength in a view of designing a directional coupler.
Design of Ceramic Packages for Ultrasonically Coupled Implantable Medical Devices (2019)

This work provides an analysis and method for designing packages that enable ultrasonic coupling with implantable medical devices, which could facilitate clinical translation.
NO<sub>2</sub>Formation in Laminar Flames (1982)

Abstract The equations of one-dimensional laminar flame propagation were numerically resolved to study the formation of NO2 in the premixed methane-air and hydrogen-air flames at atmospheric pressure. The results show the formation of NO2 peak in the flame region prior to the rapid formation of NO (say prompt NO) in the methane flame, whereas they do not show the formation of NO2 peak in the hydrogen flame in which NO is not formed rapidly. The formation of NO2 in the flame is controlled by the concentration and formation rate of prompt NO as well as the concentrations of HO2 and H, mainly through the reaction of NO + HO2→NO2 + H.NO2 is consumed mainly through the reaction of NO2 + H→NO +OH coincidently with the rapid appearance of NO.
A Low-Loss Board-to-Cable Connector with Stepwise Structures (2019)

A board-to-cable connector with stepwise structures is proposed for high-speed and high-density data transmission in this paper. The connector enables electrical connection between plural twinax differential cables and circuit board with good signal integrity. It is designed and fabricated under LTCC technology. Low loss and low crosstalk are achieved over the frequency range of 0-30 GHz, demonstrated by simulation results.
Amplitude and kinematic corrections of migrated images for nonunitary imaging operators (2004)

Abstract Obtaining migrated images with meaningful amplitudes is a challenging problem when the migration operator is not unitary. One possible solution to this problem is iterative inversion. However, inversion is an expensive process that can be rather difficult to apply, especially with 3D data. In this paper, I propose estimating migrated images similar to the least-squares inverse images by approximating the inverse Hessian, thus avoiding the need for iterative inversion. The inverse Hessian is approximated with a bank of nonstationary matching filters. These filters are not exact impulse responses and are limited in their ability to mimic the full effects of least-squares inversion. Tests on two data sets show that this filtering approach gives results similar to iterative least-squares inversion at a lower cost. This technique is flexible enough to be applied to images migrated from zero-offset or angle-domain common-image-point gathers.
Early and Mid‐Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (2019)

Background Many observational studies and trials have shown that coronary artery bypass grafting improves the survival in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, these results are based on data generated from developed countries. Poor socioeconomic statuses, lack of uniformity in healthcare delivery, differences in risk profile, and affordability to access optimal health care are some factors that make the conclusions from these studies irrelevant to patients from India. Methods and Results One-hundred and sixty-two patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35%) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting from 2009 to 2017 were enrolled for this study. Mean age of the study population was 58.67±9.70 years. Operative mortality was 11.62%. Thirty day/in-house composite outcome of stroke and perioperative myocardial infarction were 5.8%. The percentage of survival for 1 year was 86.6%, and 5-year survival was 79.9%. Five-year event-free survival was 49.3%. The mean ejection fraction improved from 30.7±4.08% (range 18-35) to 39.9±8.3% (range 24-60). Lack of improvement of left ventricular function was a strong predictor of late mortality (hazard ratio, 21.41; CI 4.33-105.95). Even though there was a trend towards better early outcome in off-pump CABG , the 5-year survival rates were similar in off-pump and on-pump group (73.4% and 78.9%, respectively; P value 0.356). Conclusions We showed that coronary artery bypass grafting in ischemic cardiomyopathy was associated with high early composite outcomes. However, the 5-year survival rates were good. Lack of improvement of left ventricular function was a strong predictor of late mortality.
Question/Answer Matching for CQA System via Combining Lexical and Sequential Information (2015)

Community-based Question Answering (CQA) has become popular in knowledge sharing sites since it allows users to get answers to complex, detailed, and personal questions directly from other users. Large archives of historical questions and associated answers have been accumulated. Retrieving relevant historical answers that best match a question is an essential component of a CQA service. Most state of the art approaches are based on bag-of-words models, which have been proven successful in a range of text matching tasks, but are insufficient for capturing the important word sequence information in short text matching. In this paper, a new architecture is proposed to more effectively model the complicated matching relations between questions and answers. It utilises a similarity matrix which contains both lexical and sequential information. Afterwards the information is put into a deep architecture to find potentially suitable answers. The experimental study shows its potential in improving matching accuracy of question and answer.
Anti-tumor Immune Responses of the Tumor-Bearing Host: The Case for Antibody-Mediated Immunologic Enhancement (1994)

Analyses of host immune responses taking place during the growth from small inocula either as ascites or as solid subcutaneous tumors of a number of carcinogen-induced, immunogenic, murine tumors have shown that host immune responses are fully compatible with progressive tumor growth in their syngeneic hosts. Both B cell (antibody) and T cell ("killer cell") responses were detected in situ, and progressive tumor growth continued in concert with these responses. Tumor cell, after 2 weeks of growth in vivo, became resistant to the induced killer cells. The modulating agent appears to be anti-tumor antibody. The kinetics of the appearance of the antibody response and its specificity suggested that the responsible epitopes are uniquely expressed on tumor cells (oncotopes). Anti-oncotope antibody was found bound to these resistant tumor cells, yet the cells were fully capable of growing progressively, despite the presence of killer cells in their midst. These observations are compatible with data first reported 35 years ago suggesting that anti-tumor antibody promoted or enhanced tumor growth. Immunized mice have T-cytotoxic cells (CTL, MHC-restricted) in their spleens and lymph nodes, whereas the killer cells found in the ascites of tumor bearers were MHC-unrestricted. In vivo grown tumor cells were completely resistant to spleen CTL of immune mice. The implications of these observations are of consequence not only in the design of effective immunotherapeutic protocols to eliminate cancer but also for a better understanding of self-tolerance, autoimmunity, and the genetics of the cancer formation. A unifying hypothesis is presented which explains how antibody-mediated immunologic enhancement is operative both in permitting progressive tumor growth and in allograft retention.
Wavelength conversion for 112Gbit/s PolMux-RZ-QPSK signals based on four-wave mixing in high-nonlinear fiber using digital coherent detection (2008)

Dual-pump wavelength conversion for 112Gbit/s polarization multiplexing RZ-QPSK signals based on four-wave-mixing in 1km high-nonlinear fiber with digital coherent detection has been demonstrated for the first time. Less than 2dB-penalty is achieved after wavelength conversion in this scheme.
Enhancement of Security through Fused Multimodal Biometric System (2017)

Now a days, Person identity is a major issue for security in many applications for example access control, electronic commerce, banking, communications etc. Multimodal biometric technology is the best technology for identification of person than the conventional password based technique. When two or more biometrics used for identification of person then the system called as Multimodal Biometric system. In this paper, we are going to propose a robust security system for personal identification using multimodal biometric system. Three modalities are used in this system face, fingerprint and palm vein. Feature extraction of each modality is done with different algorithm. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) algorithm is used for face feature extraction. Discrete Wavelet transform (DWT) is used for Palm vein feature extraction. And minutiae algorithm is used for finger print feature extraction. Then feature level fusion is done. The proposed method is carried on self generated database images. Finally the more accurate results are achieved. We can further enhance the security adding some encrypted key after fusion.
Evaluation of a conveyor belt material based on multi-criteria decision making (2004)

Conveyor belts are required to transport different types of materials in industries under varying operating conditions. A number of materials for such belts are available in the market. However, it is impossible to identify one such material, which will perfectly respond to all such requirements in a given environment. Hence arises the question of optimization. The present paper is based on one such optimization technique known as analytic hierarchy process (AHP). It considers a number of alternative materials as well as design criteria and arrives at the most suitable material. The algorithm calculates the priority vector (PV) values by eigen-vector method of pair-wise comparison. These PV values are calculated through an iterative process, and are accepted if the concerned matrices yield consistency ratios (CR) below a specific limit. Finally, composite priority (CP) values are calculated, and the alternatives are ranked according to their CP values. The algorithm is coded in FORTRAN language. The program is general, and can be used to handle smaller or larger number of criteria and alternatives as well.
A Users Guide to Vacuum Technology (2023)

A USERS GUIDE TO VACUUM TECHNOLOGY Choose and understand the vacuum technology that fits your project’s needs with this indispensable guide Vacuum technology is used to provide process environments for other kinds of engineering technology, making it an unsung cornerstone of hundreds of projects incorporating analysis, research and development, manufacturing, and more. Since it is very often a secondary technology, users primarily interested in processes incorporating it will frequently only encounter vacuum technology when purchasing or troubleshooting. There is an urgent need for a guide to vacuum technology made with these users in mind. For decades, A User’s Guide to Vacuum Technology has met this need, with a user-focused introduction to vacuum technology as it is incorporated into semiconductor, optics, solar sell, and other engineering processes. With an emphasis on otherwise neglected subjects and on accessibility to the secondary user of vacuum technology, it balances treatment of older systems that are still in use with a survey of the latest cutting-edge technologies. The result promises to continue as the essential guide to vacuum systems. Readers of the fourth edition of A User’s Guide to Vacuum Technology will also find: Expanded treatment of gauges, pumps, materials, systems, and best??operating practices Detailed discussion of cutting-edge topics like ultraclean vacuum and contamination control An authorial team with decades of combined research and engineering experience A User’s Guide to Vacuum Technology is essential for those entering emerging STEM programs, engineering professionals and graduate students working with a huge range of engineering technologies.
Accurate Real-Time Windowed Time Warping. (2010)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Surface Plasmon Resonance for Measurements of Biological Interest (1997)

Genetic manipulations, including gene knock-outs and mutant screens, provide an initial hint as to the function of a gene product and indicate possible associated factors. To unravel complicated biological processes, which control the development of organisms, one must identify the interacting components. An in vitro technique based on an optical phenomenon, called surface plasmon resonance (SPR), can simultaneously detect interactions between unmodified proteins and directly measure kinetic parameters of the interaction. This technique is gaining popularity, due to the increased availabilty of user-friendly machines, and an overview of the technology is presented in this unit.
Filtering noise from images with wavelet transforms (1991)

A new method of filtering MR images is presented that uses wavelet transforms instead of Fourier transforms. The new filtering method does not reduce the sharpness of edges. However, the new method does eliminate any small structures that are similar in size to the noise eliminated. There are many possible extensions of the filter.
Impact of hormonal therapy on the detection of promoter hypermethylation of the detoxifying glutathione-S-transferase P1 gene (GSTP1) in prostate cancer (2006)

In most cases hormonal therapy appears to not alter GSTP1 HM detection. However the change from a positive to a negative GSTP1 HM status in a subset of the patients may point to an, at least partial androgen dependency. Further studies on a larger cohort of patients are necessary to assess its frequency and the exact hormonal interactions.
Sensitivity to ionising radiation of transformed human cells containing mutant ras genes. (1990)

Measurement of colony forming ability following exposure to gamma-rays has been performed on human retinoblasts transformed with either adenovirus 5 or 12 early region 1 DNA, adenovirus early region 1A plus activated N- or H-ras DNA or SV40 DNA. In contrast to recently reported results (M.D. Sklar, 1988, Science, 239, 645-647), we found no general correlation between transformation with activated ras and increased radiation resistance. Similarly, there was no correlation between D0 values and the level of expression of ras p21 in transformed human retinoblasts as determined by liquid competition assay. Indeed, cell lines with very similar D0 values had ras contents varying by up to one hundred fold. Cell lines transformed with SV40 DNA were generally less sensitive to ionising radiation than adenovirus and/or ras transformants, but even so the variation in sensitivity within these encompassed the whole spectrum of values obtained for the ras transformants. It may be interesting to note, however, that two out of the three ras transformants which were least sensitive to gamma-rays were cell lines expressing the highest levels of p21.
Activity of the cefotaxime (HR756) desacetyl metabolite compared with those of cefotaxime and other cephalosporins (1980)

The desacetyl metabolite (DES) of cefotaxime (HR756) is formed in vivo to a significant extent. The in vitro activities of DES, the parent compound, and cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime were compared against 70 bacterial isolates. DES was found to possess approximately 1/10th the activity of the parent compound against the common Enterobacteriaceae, but was somewhat more active than the other three compounds tested. DES had no useful activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was less active than cefotaxime or cefoxitin against Staphylococcus aureus or Bacteroides fragilis. Because DES may accumulate in renal failure or be concentrated in the biliary tract, its antimicrobial activity may have considerable clinical significance.
DNA-Multichromophore Systems (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDNA-Multichromophore SystemsYin Nah Teo and Eric T. Kool*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 7, 4221–4245Publication Date (Web):March 16, 2012Publication History Received21 October 2010Published online16 March 2012Published inissue 11 July 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100351ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100351greview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7862Altmetric-Citations289LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Chromophores,Fluorescence,Genetics,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
[Comparative desaturation of linoleic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids by homogenates of human liver in vitro]. (1981)

Human liver homogenates were incubated with either [1-14C] linoleic or [2-14C] dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid comparatively. It appeared that only dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid could be desaturated in our experimental conditions. However, the desaturating activity was lower than that in Rat liver homogenates. These results are discussed here, and compared to those obtained in other laboratories.
Modifying the characteristics of carbon nanotubes grown on metallic substrates for ultracapacitor applications (2014)

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and testing of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based ultracapacitor electrodes and provides quantitative results, showing that total electrode surface area—and, correspondingly, the total cell capacitance—is highly sensitive to the amount of catalyst material deposited prior to CNT growth. We deposit between 0.6 and 1.0 nm of iron catalyst on metallic (tungsten) substrates and synthesized vertically aligned CNT forests directly by thermal chemical vapor deposition. A capacitance maximum is observed with electrodes prepared with 0.8 nm of catalyst. Geometrical arguments based on average CNT diameter and areal density are used to corroborate this result. The CNTs' differential capacitance is found to be independent of their areal density, mean diameter, length, and the amount of catalyst used to grow them.
AutoCyte Interactive Screening System (1999)

The interactive use of AutoCyte-Screen can effectively select those cases which are most likely to contain an epithelial abnormality and could therefore be used as a triage system to select cases for manual review. A case with an interactive result of unsatisfactory and abnormal should receive full manual review, while those classified as WNL may require a less extensive review for quality assurance purposes. This resultant decrease in the manual screening load could increase laboratory efficiency.
A Method for Studying Protein Orientation with Atomic Force Microscopy Using Relative Protein Volumes (2001)

A method for studying protein orientation is described, in which the relative volumes of single proteins and single molecule complexes are measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Site-specific ligands are used as “probes” to bind to surface adsorbed proteins. The quantity of formed complexes gives an estimate of the amount of protein oriented in such a way as to allow ligand binding. The volume distribution for single proteins adsorbed to a surface was calculated and fitted to a Gaussian function. This volume distribution was used to localize the same proteins on surfaces with protein−ligand complexes, thus rendering it possible to find the amount of complex formed. Two model systems were used: one with two different mouse monoclonal antibodies of IgG1 type (mAb's against human serum transferrin, hST) adsorbed on silicon surfaces, and one with hST adsorbed to unmodified mica and aminated mica. The adsorbed proteins were allowed to react with a site-specific ligand, which binds to a defined region of the adsorbed protein (hST in the case of adsorbed mAb and lectin in the case of adsorbed hST). A great difference in ligand binding was found between the two antibodies adsorbed to the same type of surface as well as between hST adsorbed to different surfaces. This differance can be attributed to different orientation of the proteins on the surface. The general approach of this method suggests that it can be used for almost any site-specific molecule, either for surface orientation studies or studies where single molecule interactions need to be investigated.