gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and in vitro realization of carbon-conserving photorespiration (2018)

Photorespiration recycles ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) oxygenation product, 2-phosphoglycolate, back into the Calvin Cycle. Natural photorespiration, however, limits agricultural productivity by dissipating energy and releasing CO<sub>2</sub> Several photorespiration bypasses have been previously suggested but were limited to existing enzymes and pathways that release CO<sub>2</sub> Here, we harness the power of enzyme and metabolic engineering to establish synthetic routes that bypass photorespiration without CO<sub>2</sub> release. By defining specific reaction rules, we systematically identified promising routes that assimilate 2-phosphoglycolate into the Calvin Cycle without carbon loss. We further developed a kinetic-stoichiometric model that indicates that the identified synthetic shunts could potentially enhance carbon fixation rate across the physiological range of irradiation and CO<sub>2</sub>, even if most of their enzymes operate at a tenth of Rubisco's maximal carboxylation activity. Glycolate reduction to glycolaldehyde is essential for several of the synthetic shunts but is not known to occur naturally. We, therefore, used computational design and directed evolution to establish this activity in two sequential reactions. An acetyl-CoA synthetase was engineered for higher stability and glycolyl-CoA synthesis. A propionyl-CoA reductase was engineered for higher selectivity for glycolyl-CoA and for use of NADPH over NAD<sup>+</sup>, thereby favoring reduction over oxidation. The engineered glycolate reduction module was then combined with downstream condensation and assimilation of glycolaldehyde to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, thus providing proof of principle for a carbon-conserving photorespiration pathway.
Multi-Target Detection Method Based on Variable Carrier Frequency Chirp Sequence (2018)

Continuous waveform (CW) radar is widely used in intelligent transportation systems, vehicle assisted driving, and other fields because of its simple structure, low cost and high integration. There are several waveforms which have been developed in the last years. The chirp sequence waveform has the ability to extract the range and velocity parameters of multiple targets. However, conventional chirp sequence waveforms suffer from the Doppler ambiguity problem. This paper proposes a new waveform that follows the practical application requirements, high precision requirements, and low system complexity requirements. The new waveform consists of two chirp sequences, which are intertwined to each other. Each chirp signal has the same frequency modulation, the same bandwidth and the same chirp duration. The carrier frequencies are different and there is a frequency shift which is large enough to ensure that the Doppler frequencies for the same moving target are different. According to the sign and numerical relationship of the Doppler frequencies (possibly frequency aliasing), the Doppler frequency ambiguity problem is solved in eight cases. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that the new radar waveform is capable of measuring range and radial velocity simultaneously and unambiguously, with high accuracy and resolution even in multi-target situations.
Coaxial jets with and without swirl (1980)

Measured values of mean velocity, Reynolds stresses and probability density distributions of fluctuating velocity are reported for the turbulent coaxial jets, with and without swirl, emerging into stagnant surroundings from a long pipe and an annulus concentric with the pipe. They were obtained using hot-wire anemometry and on-line data processing with the aid of a mini-computer. The results show that non-swirling coaxial flow configurations approach a self-similar state in a much smaller distance than that of the round jet, for velocity ratios ranging between 0·65 and 1·5; this is due to the mixing layer and vortex shedding that occur in the region downstream of the separation wall between the two streams. In the presence of swirl, the coaxial jet was found to develop at a faster rate. An assessment of turbulence models, based on Reynolds stress closures, suggests that previous assumptions for turbulent diffusion of turbulent kinetic energy are in error.
Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Clindamycin Phosphate 1.2%, Benzoyl Peroxide 3.1%, and Adapalene 0.15% Gel for Moderate-to-Severe Acne: A Randomized Phase II Study of the First Triple-Combination Drug (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03170388 (registered 31 May, 2017).
Antiendothelial αvβ3 Antibodies Are a Major Cause of Intracranial Bleeding in Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (2016)

We conclude that the composition of the anti-HPA-1a antibody subtype(s) of the mother may determine whether ICH occurs. Analysis of anti-HPA-1a antibodies of the anti-αvβ3 subtype in maternal serum has potential in the diagnostic prediction of ICH development and may allow for modification of prophylactic treatment in fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Pixel-Wise Defect Detection by CNNs without Manually Labeled Training Data (2019)

In machine learning driven surface inspection one often faces the issue that defects to be detected are difficult to make available for training, especially when pixel-wise labeling is required. Therefore, supervised approaches are not feasible in many cases. In this paper, this issue is circumvented by injecting synthetized defects into fault-free surface images. In this way, a fully convolutional neural network was trained for pixel-accurate defect detection on decorated plastic parts, reaching a pixel-wise PRC score of 78% compared to 8% that was reached by a state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly detection method. In addition, it is demonstrated that a similarly good performance can be reached even when the network is trained on only five fault-free parts.
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> male-sterile mutant, <i>opr3</i> , lacks the 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase required for jasmonate synthesis (2000)

Jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) act as plant growth regulators and mediate responses to environmental cues. To investigate the role of these oxylipins in anther and pollen development, we characterized a T-DNA-tagged, male-sterile mutant of Arabidopsis, opr3. The opr3 mutant plants are sterile but can be rendered fertile by exogenous JA but not by OPDA. Cloning of the mutant locus indicates that it encodes an isozyme of 12-oxophytodienoate reductase, designated OPR3. All of the defects in opr3 are alleviated by transformation of the mutant with an OPR3 cDNA. Our results indicate that JA and not OPDA is the signaling molecule that induces and coordinates the elongation of the anther filament, the opening of the stomium at anthesis, and the production of viable pollen. Just as importantly, our data demonstrate that OPR3 is the only isoform of OPR capable of reducing the correct stereoisomer of OPDA to produce JA required for male gametophyte development.
Modeling interactome: scale-free or geometric? (2004)

Supplementary information is available at http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~juris/data/data/ppiGRG04/
3D Long‐range ordering in ein SiO<sub>2</sub> submicrometer‐sphere sintered superstructure (1997)

Three‐dimensional arrays of SiO 2 nanometer particles lead to Bragg diffraction effects of visible light—as seen for natural opals, see also this issue's cover—and applications such as photonic bandgap materials. Teh fabrication of the opalline structures is described and details are given of how to obtain ordered compacts. The Figure shows a fracture surface of a sintered sample comprising 390 nm‐diameter silica spheres. magnified image
Anion Effects in the Extraction of Lanthanide 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone Complexes into an Ionic Liquid (2012)

The extraction of trivalent lanthanides from an aqueous phase containing 1 M NaClO4 into the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate by the β-diketone extractant 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Htta) was studied. Radiotracer distribution, absorption spectroscopy, time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements point to the extraction of multiple lanthanide species. At low extractant concentrations, fully hydrated aqua cations of the lanthanides are present in the ionic liquid phase. As the extractant concentration is increased 1:2 and 1:3 lanthanide:tta species are observed. In contrast, 1:4 Ln:tta complexes were observed in the extraction of lanthanides by Htta into 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.
Early effects of arthroscopic release of anterior glenohumeral joint on idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (2019)

Objective
To define the benefit of arthroscopic release of the anterior glenohumeral joint in frozen shoulder.


Methods
Sixty idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (IAC) patients were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging or intraoperative arthroscopic findings in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from March 2015 to March 2017. The exclusion criteria included fractures, subacromial impingement, rotator cuff tear and calcifying tendinitis. All the patients underwent arthroscopic capsular release. The extent of release focused on the rotator interval, subscapularis tendon and inferior glenohumeral ligaments (IGHL). Visual analogue scale (VAS), Constant functional scores, the Fudan University shoulder score (FUSS) and the range of motion (ROM) in various directions were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test.


Results
None of the patients had postoperative complication such as axillary nerve injury or shoulder instability. At 12 weeks postoperatively, both of VAS [(0.7±0.6)vs(8.1±0.7), F =38.01], Constant score [(93.9±3.0)vs (34.2±3.4), F=121.42]and FUSS [(93.8±1.3)vs (40.1±2.2), F=220.09] increased significantly compared with the preoperative ones(all P<0.01). ROM showed satisfactory results at the final follow-up: abduction [(152±13)° vs (74±9)°, t=37.678], flexion[(156±12)° vs (60±10)°, t=46.469], external rotation at 90° of abduction[(66±11)° vs (8±3)°, t=37.762], internal rotation at 0°of abduction, and internal rotation at 90° of abduction recovered 12 weeks after the surgery(all P<0.01).


Conclusion
The arthroscopic release of the anterior glenohumeral joint may significantly improveboth of the function and ROM in IAC patients.


Key words: 
Bursitis; Shoulder joint; Arthroscope; Joint capsule release
Crowdsourcing in medical research: concepts and applications (2019)

Crowdsourcing shifts medical research from a closed environment to an open collaboration between the public and researchers. We define crowdsourcing as an approach to problem solving which involves an organization having a large group attempt to solve a problem or part of a problem, then sharing solutions. Crowdsourcing allows large groups of individuals to participate in medical research through innovation challenges, hackathons, and related activities. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the definition, concepts, and applications of crowdsourcing in medicine. This multi-disciplinary review defines crowdsourcing for medicine, identifies conceptual antecedents (collective intelligence and open source models), and explores implications of the approach. Several critiques of crowdsourcing are also examined. Although several crowdsourcing definitions exist, there are two essential elements: (1) having a large group of individuals, including those with skills and those without skills, propose potential solutions; (2) sharing solutions through implementation or open access materials. The public can be a central force in contributing to formative, pre-clinical, and clinical research. A growing evidence base suggests that crowdsourcing in medicine can result in high-quality outcomes, broad community engagement, and more open science.
Drift-free switching of compressed video bitstreams at predictive frames (2006)

Two schemes are proposed to efficiently compress video contents into bitstreams that support drift-free switching at predictive frames. They are inspired by the original SP coding scheme presented in the early H.26L. First, we propose a Flex SP coding scheme in which the prediction signal of the SP frame is directly subtracted from the input without quantization and de-quantization. The decoded video quality of the Flex SP scheme is significantly improved when additional inverse discrete cosine transform (DCT) and post-filter are provided. Then, the Hybrid SP scheme is presented to further improve the quality of the display image, as well as the reconstructed reference, by defining two coding modes for each DCT coefficient. Moreover, a rate-distortion algorithm is proposed to determine the coding mode for each coefficient. The bitstreams generated by the two proposed schemes can be decoded successfully by a decoder that complies with MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. In addition, we also investigate how to choose the quantization parameters for switching. An empirical method is proposed to achieve a good tradeoff between high coding efficiency of SP frames and small size of switching bits.
Blood donation and life saver-blood donation app (2016)

“Blood” one of the most important necessity of our life. The numbers of blood donor is very less when compared with other countries. In our project we propose a new and efficient way to overcome such outline. Such as just touch the button donor will be ask to enter an individual's details like name, phone number, age, weight, date of birth, blood group, address etc. At the emergency time of blood needed we can check for blood donor nearby by using GPS. Once the app user enter the blood group which he/she needed it will automatically show the donor nearby and send an alert message to the donor. In case if the first donor is not available it will automatically search the next donor which is present in queue. If the donor accept the request then an one time password (OTP) will be send to the donor to verify. Blood donation app provider list of donor in your city/area. Once the donor donate the blood it will automatically remove the donor detail for next three months.
Dielectric constant of boron carbon nitride films synthesized by plasma-assisted chemical-vapor deposition (2002)

Polycrystalline boron carbon nitride (BCN) films are synthesized at various temperatures by plasma-assisted chemical-vapor deposition. BCN films are characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and transmission electron diffraction. The dielectric constant is estimated from the accumulation region of capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of Au/BCN/p-Si samples. Reduction in the crystal grain size and increase of the amorphous region of the BCN film are observed with decreasing growth temperature. The dielectric constant is found to decrease with decreasing growth temperature. A dielectric constant as low as 2.4 is achieved for the BCN film.
Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer using different doses depending on tumor size (2010)

There was no difference in local control between stage IA and IB tumors despite the difference in tumor size. The benefit of increasing the SBRT dose for larger tumors should be investigated further.
Dexmedetomidine: Therapeutic Use for the Termination of Reentrant Supraventricular Tachycardia (2012)

Dexmedetomidine appears to have novel antiarrhythmic properties for the acute termination of reentrant SVT. Although adenosine is very effective, dexmedetomidine may prove to possess a more favorable therapeutic profile with increased effectiveness and fewer side effects.
Correlation between human and model observer performance for discrimination task in CT (2014)

Although physical metrics can objectively characterize computed tomography (CT) image quality, quantitative approaches to predict human observer performance are more accurate and clinically relevant. This study compared a modified channelized Hotelling model observer (CHO) with human observers in a shape discrimination task. Eight lesion-mimicking rods (two contrasts, two sizes and two shapes) were inserted into a 35 × 26 cm(2) torso-shaped water phantom and scanned 100 times on a 128-slice CT scanner at five dose levels. CT images were reconstructed using filtered backprojection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques. Two-alternative forced choice studies were constructed with hexagonal and circular rod images put side-by-side in a randomized order. An edge mask was introduced to CHO to reflect the human observers' emphasis on lesion boundaries in discriminating shape. For small size lesions, the performance of three human observers and the modified CHO was highly correlated across lesion contrasts, CT doses and reconstruction algorithms; while for large size lesions, a ceiling effect was observed for both human and model observers' performance at high doses. Our result suggests the potential of CHO to predict human observer performance for both FBP and IR. For this shape discrimination task with uniform background, IR significantly improved human and model observer performance compared to FBP, with the amount of improvement depending on lesion size, contrast and dose.
A 3D optical flow technique based on mass conservation for deformable motion estimation from 4-D CT images of the lung (2012)

The accuracy of optical flow estimation algorithms has been improving steadily by refining the objective function which should be optimized. A novel energy function for computing optical flow from volumetric X-ray CT images is presented. One advantage of the optical flow framework is the possibility to enforce physical constraints on the numerical solutions. The physical constraints which have been included here are: brightness constancy, gradient constancy, continuity equation based on mass conservation, and discontinuity-preserving spatio-temporal smoothness. The method has been evaluated on POPI-model and the evaluation demonstrates that the method results in significantly better accuracy than previous optical flow techniques for estimation of deformable lung motion.
500 Mb/s soft output Viterbi decoder (2002)

Two 8-state, 7-bit soft output Viterbi decoders matched to an EPR4 channel and a rate-8/9 convolutional code are implemented in 0.18µm CMOS technology. Architectural transformation of the add-compare-select structures and modification of the register exchange allow a high throughput with small area overhead. The 4mm2chip has been verified to decode at 500Mb/s with 1.8V supply. These decoders are used with Turbo codes, which have been demonstrated to achieve information rates very close to the Shannon limit.
Poly L-Dopa/poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) as a novel mussel-inspired electroactive binder for environmentally friendly hybrid supercapacitors (2018)

3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine and ethylenedioxythiophene were chemically copolymerized via an oxidative process in aqueous solution. The copolymer was used as a novel mussel-inspired electroactive binder in conjunction with a nickel-based metal organic frame work for fabrication of environmentally friendly supercapacitors. The binder, in addition to the sticking effect, contributes to electric charge storing via the redox process of catechol moieties of poly(3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine) and also the formation of a high charge-storing double layer due to the presence of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene). Cyclic voltammetry, charge/discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectrometry showed that the hybrid supercapacitors based on Ni-benzidine MOF with the new electroactive binder exhibit very high specific capacitance (770 F g$^{-1}$ at 1 A/g) and remarkable capacitance retention of more than 94% after 1000 cycles and 86% after 5000 cycles at high current density of 5 A g$^{-1}$.
21世纪公司所得税（CIT）的协调 (2001)

文章第一部分对21世纪的CIT做了4项预测，下面的部分详细讨论了各国加强税收制度协调的第四项预测将如何发展，文章中的各国指的是欧盟，但讨论也可应用于包括各种税收管辖权在内的其他情况。
Epoxy Resin Development for Composite Field Repair. (1980)

An evaluation was conducted to determine the optimum polymer matrix material to be used for composite repair. The material must have room temperature storage and adequate strength at elevated temperatures. Mechanical property degradation due to moisture absorption was also a consideration. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analyses were performed on the candidate resin systems. Short beam shear and flexural strengths were examined for each system. The most promising resin systems proved to be stable at room temperature in the B-stage condition. These systems incorporated a sterically hindered amine hardener that provided latency. The effects of cloth style on void content and shear properties were also examined. (Author)
Development of Oxytocin Nasal Gel using Natural Mucoadhesive Agent obtained from the Fruits of Dellinia indica. L. (2007)

A new nasal gel formulation has been developed using a natural mucoadhesive agent obtained from the fruit of Dellinia indica L. The mucoadhesive strength and viscosity of this natural mucoadhesive agent was found to be higher in comparison to the synthetic polymers, namely hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and carbopol 934, which are conventionally used for a similar purpose. In vitro drug release characteristics using a Franz-diffusion cell and excised bovine nasal membrane was also found to be better in comparison to the above synthetic polymers. This patient friendly, needle free dosage form may replace the oxytocin injections in the future.
Características del proceso de combustión en motores de encendido por compresión (2002)

A computer program is developed to predict the internal cylinder pressure on slow compression ignition engines. Several assumptions are considered due to the complexity of in cylinder process: combustion chamber with uniform pressure, fluid thermal properties dependence, ideal gas behavior, convection and radiation heat transfer using the Annand’s model, complete combustion and homogeneous mixed. The p-V diagram development will be studied from the injection start to the exhaust valve opening time taking into account an injection profile mode. During this period will be observed the relationship between the pressure increasing each crank angle degree, dp/dj, as a function of rate of fuel injected. Finally, a parametric analysis working with the turbulence intensity and mixture speed preparation as main variables was done.
Augmentation of Killing of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 by Combinations of Lactate, Ethanol, and Low-pH Conditions (1999)

The acid tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains can be overcome by addition of lactate, ethanol, or a combination of the two agents. Killing can be increased by as much as 4 log units in the first 5 min of incubation at pH 3 even for the most acid-tolerant isolates. Exponential-phase, habituated, and stationary-phase cells are all sensitive to incubation with lactate and ethanol. Killing correlates with disruption of the capacity for pH homeostasis. Habituated and stationary-phase cells can partially offset the effects of the lowering of cytoplasmic pH.