gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and properties of high-<i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconducting wires (1988)

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in perovskite-related oxides has generated an enormous amount of research activity and development effort toward applications. Commercially useful bulk superconductors typically require stabilization using a normal metal cladding for reasons of electrical, thermal, and mechanical protection, and in general need to be fabricated into fine fibers and wound into a solenoid configuration. The YBa2Cu3O7−δ type compound is a ceramic material which is mechanically hard and brittle, and is difficult to fabricate into fine wires. However, this difficulty has been overcome by several fabrication methods such as powder-in-tube method (metal-clad composite), powder-coating method (metal-core composite), and molten oxide processing method. The effect of various processing steps on the structure and superconducting properties such as transition temperature and critical current density will be discussed. Some experiments to raise the high field critical current through chemistry and microstructural control will also be described.
InP tunnel junction for InGaAs/InP tandem solar cells (1995)

Chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) has been shown to allow the growth of high quality materials with reproducible complex compositional and doping profiles. The main advantage of CBE compared to metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), the most popular technique for InP-based photovoltaic device fabrication, is the ability to grow high purity epilayers at much lower temperatures (450-530 C). We have previously shown that CBE is perfectly suited toward the fabrication of complex photovoltaic devices such as InP/InGaAs monolithically integrated tandem solar cells, because its low process temperature preserves the electrical characteristics of the InGaAs tunnel junction commonly used as an ohmic interconnect. In this work using CBE for the fabrication of optically transparent (with respect to the bottom cell) InP tunnel diodes is demonstrated. Epitaxial growth were performed in a Riber CBE 32 system using PH3 and TMIn as III and V precursors. Solid Be (p-type) and Si (n-type) have been used as doping sources, allowing doping levels up to 2 x 10(exp -19)/cu cm and 1 x 10(exp -19)/cu cm for n and p type respectively. The InP tunnel junction characteristics and the influence of the growth's conditions (temperature, growth rate) over its performance have been carefully investigated. InP p(++)/n(++) tunnel junction with peak current densities up to 1600 A/sq cm and maximum specific resistivities (V(sub p)/I(sub p) - peak voltage to peak current ratio) in the range of 10(exp -4) Omega-sq cm were obtained. The obtained peak current densities exceed the highest results previously reported for their lattice matched counterparts, In(0.53)Ga( 0.47)As and should allow the realization of improved minimal absorption losses in the interconnect InP/InGaAs tandem devices for Space applications. Owing to the low process temperature required for the top cell, these devices exhibit almost no degradation of its characteristics after the growth of subsequent thick InP layer suggesting minimal doping cross diffusion in the narrow space-charge region (approximately 1-5 nm) of the device. The fabrication of tandem devices using InP tunnel diodes as interconnect is in progress and will be reported at the conference.
cDNA cloning and expression in <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> of a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) related to a PAI produced by Hep G2 hepatoma cell (1987)

The human hepatoma line Hep G2 produces an acid- and SDS-sensitive plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). This protein has been previously purified and used to raise polyclonal antibodies. This antiserum has been used to isolate cDNA clones from a human placental lambda gt11 cDNA library. The immunologically positive clones were screened for expression of recombinant proteins which inhibit urokinase activity and form an inhibitor-enzyme complex with 125I-urokinase. Two positives (lambda PAI 11.1 and lambda PAI 14.1) have been obtained. The cDNA insert of the longer isolate (lambda PAI 14.1) consists of 1962 base pairs encoding the entire mature Hep G2 PAI and a 3'-noncoding region of 801 base pairs. The clone apparently lacks portions of 5'- and 3'-untranslated sequences. The translated amino acid sequence matches the sequence obtained for the mature Hep G2 PAI and consists of 379 amino acids with a molecular mass of 42 770 Da. Interestingly, this PAI clone is quite different from the placental-type PAI-2 sequence as expected, but matches the sequence of the endothelial-type PAI (PAI-1) reported to be acid-insensitive and SDS-enhancible.
Development of an Electrochemical Impedimetric Biosensor for the Detection of Telomerase Activity in Cancer Cells (2017)

In the last decade, a great amount of effort has gone into developing methods and devices that detect early signs of cancer diseases fast and with high efficiency. Telomerase based biosensors are an attractive alternative that comply with this requirements. Telomerase serves as a cancer biomarker because it is present in the vast majority of cancers. This enzyme elongates telomeres at the end of the chromosomal DNA, which causes cancer cells to become immortal. In this work, we developed a modified inter-digitated array gold microelectrode as the sensing platform with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as the measuring technique for the telomerase activity. The resulting DNA biosensor detects telomerase activity in total protein extracts from Jurkat T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. This simple system is a good proof of concept for a fast and efficient method that can detect telomerase activity in cancer cells.
Multi-homed device detection using clock skew (2017)

The aim of this paper was to determine the feasibility of identifying a device connected to the Internet through multiple interfaces (i.e., multi-homed) using the information provided by passively observing network traffic. Since multi-homed hosts allow an alternate means for outside entities to circumvent the security of a firewall and gain access to a network, it is important for a network's security to be able to detect and remove such devices. In this work, the idea of using clock skew - the difference in perceived time between two system clocks - as a unique signature is utilized to identify hosts on a network that are potentially multi-homed. Testing was done on a software-defined network that contained a multi-homed host. After traffic between hosts was collected and processed, analysis of the confidence intervals of the device's clock skew was conducted to determine if IP addresses originating from the same host could be successfully detected solely from network traffic. Results confirmed that the proposed scheme provided a valid means of detecting a multi-homed device on a network.
Hyperpolarized <sup>3</sup>He lung imaging at 0.5 and 1.5 Tesla: A study of susceptibility‐induced effects (2004)

Hyperpolarized (3)He MRI of the human lung was performed at 0.54 and 1.5 T using identical software and hardware (except for RF coils) at both field strengths. The T(*) (2) of (3)He gas in the lung was measured, and the effects of magnetic-susceptibility-induced field inhomogeneities on the appearance of interleaved-spiral and interleaved-echo-planar lung images at 1.5 T were compared to those at 0.54 T. Mean T(*) (2) values for (3)He gas in the healthy human lung were 26.8 +/- 1.5 ms and 67.9 +/- 1.3 ms at 1.5 and 0.54 T, respectively. At 0.54 T, interleaved-spiral images showed markedly less blurring due to susceptibility effects compared to images acquired at 1.5 T. At both 0.54 and 1.5 T, interleaved-echo-planar images appeared essentially identical to corresponding GRE images, even though the data-sampling period per echo and echo time were substantially longer for the interleaved-echo-planar images acquired at 0.54 T.
Sequence divergency of the cytadhesin gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1990)

The Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytadhesin P1 genes from two groups of clinical isolates that display restriction fragment length polymorphisms were cloned and sequenced. Within each group the nucleotide sequences were identical, but two major differences were detected between the groups. These two stretches of sequence divergence were located in multiple-copy regions of the P1 gene and resulted in considerable amino acid changes.
Detection of<i>Mycoplasma</i>genus and<i>Mycoplasma fermentans</i>by PCR in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1998)

Mycoplasma fermentans and other Mycoplasma species are colonizers of human mucosal surfaces and may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. While many infectious agents have been described in different percentages of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), little is known about the prevalence of mycoplasmas and especially M. fermentans in CFS patients. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used to detect Mycoplasma genus and M. fermentans genomes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of CFS patients. Blood was collected from 100 patients with CFS and 50 control subjects. The amplified products of 717 bp of Mycoplasma genus, and 206 bp of M. fermentans were detected in DNA purified from blood samples in 52% and 34% of CFS samples, respectively. In contrast, these genomes were found in only 14% and 8% of healthy control subjects respectively (P < 0.0001). All samples were confirmed by Southern blot with a specific probe based on internal sequences of the expected amplification product. Several samples, which were positive for Mycoplasma genus, were negative for M. fermentans indicating that other Mycoplasma species are involved. A quantitative PCR was developed to determine the number of M. fermentans genome copies present in 1 microg of DNA for controls and CFS patients. Mycoplasma copy numbers ranging from 130 to 880 and from 264 to 2400 were detected in controls and CFS positive subjects, respectively. An enzyme immunoassay was applied for the detection of antibodies against p29 surface lipoprotein of M. fermentans to determine the relationship between M. fermentans genome copy numbers and antibody levels. Individuals with high genome copy numbers exhibited higher IgG and IgM antibodies against M. fermentans specific peptides. Isolation of this organism by culture from clinical specimens is needed in order to demonstrate specificity of signal detected by PCR in this study.
Bactobolin Resistance Is Conferred by Mutations in the L2 Ribosomal Protein (2012)

Currently available antibiotics target surprisingly few cellular functions, and there is a need to identify novel antibiotic targets. We have been interested in the Burkholderia thailandensis bactobolins, and we sought to learn about the target of bactobolin activity by mapping spontaneous resistance mutations in the bactobolin-sensitive Bacillus subtilis. Our results indicate that the bactobolin target is the 50S ribosome-associated L2 protein or a region of the ribosome affected by L2. Bactobolin-resistant mutants are not resistant to other known ribosome inhibitors. Our evidence indicates that bactobolins interact with a novel antibiotic target.
Nonreciprocal coupler isolator (2014)

We propose a novel optical isolator design in a silicon based coupler with a single nonreciprocal arm and suitably index-matched reciprocal second arm. This structure displays high levels of optical isolation and low forward loss.
Abstract 16896: Electrogram Morphology Recurrence to Characterize Drivers of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Findings at Initial versus Redo Catheter Ablation (2020)

Background: Electrogram (EGM) morphology recurrence (EMR) mapping of persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) quantifies consistency of activation at each site and is expected to be high and rapid near drivers of PeAF. Objective: To compare EMR in the left (LA) and right atrium (RA) in patients undergoing first- vs second-time PeAF catheter ablation (CA). Methods: Multisite bipolar EGM mapping of the LA (265±153 sites) and RA (224±148 sites) prior to CA for PeAF was performed in 40 patients (29 males, age 63±9 yrs, CHA2DS2-VASc 2.4±1.5, LVEF 48±12%) undergoing first (Group 1, n=31) or second-time (Group 2, n=9) CA. After cross-correlation of each automatically detected EGM with every other EGM in the recording, the most recurrent EGM morphology was identified and its frequency (Rec%) and cycle length of recurrence (CL R ) were computed (figure). The minimum CL R sites were identified. Results: In group 1, shortest CL R was in the LA in 26 patients (84%) and RA in 5 patients (16%). In the LA, there were 1 (n=23), 2 (n=2), or 3 (n=1) areas of shortest CL R , most commonly in the pulmonary veins (PV; n=19). In the RA, there was only 1 area of shortest CL R . Minimum CL R was 174.1±25.4 ms (LA-179.6±37.4 vs RA-207.9±34.5, p=0.0004), with Rec% 95±10%. In group 2, shortest CL R was in the LA in 5 patients and RA in 5 patients (56%)– one had both LA and RA. In the LA/RA, there were 1 (n=3/4) or 2 (n=2/1) areas of shortest CL R . The most common LA site was non-PV (6/7, 85.7%). The minimum CL R was 182.1±26.2ms (LA-190.8±36.2 vs RA-196.0±30.5, p=0.6), with Rec% 96±5%. Conclusion: In 61% of patients undergoing initial CA for PeAF, EMR identified LA drivers in the PVs which may explain why PV isolation has been reported to have 50-60% success rates in PeAF. In patients undergoing a 2 nd ablation for PeAF, EMR identified predominantly nonPV drivers with even distribution of shortest CL R between RA and LA and diminished CL R gradient between the LA and RA. EMR may be a useful mapping tool to characterize potential drivers of PeAF.
Doppler imaging with dual-detection full-range frequency domain optical coherence tomography (2010)

Most of full-range techniques for Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT) reported to date utilize the phase relation between consecutive axial lines to reconstruct a complex interference signal and hence may exhibit degradation in either mirror image suppression performance or detectable velocity dynamic range or both when monitoring a moving sample such as flow activity. We have previously reported a technique of mirror image removal by simultaneous detection of the quadrature components of a complex spectral interference called a Dual-Detection Frequency Domain OCT (DD-FD-OCT) [Opt. Lett. 35, 1058-1060 (2010)]. The technique enables full range imaging without any loss of acquisition speed and is intrinsically less sensitive to phase errors generated by involuntary movements of the subject. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of the DD-FD-OCT to a phase-resolved Doppler imaging without degradation in either mirror image suppression performance or detectable velocity dynamic range that were observed in other full-range Doppler methods. In order to accommodate for Doppler imaging, we have developed a fiber-based DD-FD-OCT that more efficiently utilizes the source power compared with the previous free-space DD-FD-OCT. In addition, the velocity sensitivity of the phase-resolved DD-FD-OCT was investigated, and the relation between the measured Doppler phase shift and set flow velocity of a flow phantom was verified. Finally, we demonstrate the Doppler imaging using the DD-FD-OCT in a biological sample.
Fabrication of O (dye)-terminated anatase TiO2 nanosheets for dye sensitized solar cells (2011)

We report a novel method, namely an O (dye)-terminated process, to fabricate stable anatase TiO2 nanosheets with exposed {100} facets for dye sensitized solar cells. Their light to electricity conversion efficiency could be improved to 7.0% in the absence of a scattering layer, owing to the unique 2D structure with low-energy facets, which is superior to the 5.1% of the devices with P-25 TiO2 films.
Membrane Bioreactors: A Promising Approach to Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose (2022)

The depletion of fossil fuel resources and the negative impact of their use on the climate have resulted in the need for alternative sources of clean, sustainable energy. One available alternative, bioethanol, is a potential substitute for, or additive to, petroleum-derived gasoline. In the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol process, the cellulose hydrolysis step represents a major hurdle that hinders commercialization. To achieve economical production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials, the rate and yield of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, which is preferred over other chemically catalyzed processes, must be enhanced. To achieve this, product inhibition and enzyme loss, which are two major challenges, must be overcome. The implementation of membranes, which can permeate molecules selectively based on their size, offers a solution to this problem. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can enhance enzymatic hydrolysis yields and lower costs by retaining enzymes for repeated usage while permeating the products. This paper presents a critical discussion of the use of MBRs as a promising approach to the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Various MBR configurations and factors that affect their performance are presented.
SERUM PRO-PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN PREFERENTIALLY DETECTS AGGRESSIVE PROSTATE CANCERS IN MEN WITH 2 TO 4 NG/ML PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (2004)

Percent pro-PSA was superior to percent free and calculated complexed PSA for the detection of prostate cancer in the PSA range of 2 to 10 ng/ml and it had selectivity for detecting more aggressive cancers, as indicated by Gleason score 7 or greater and/or extracapsular tumor extension.
Precipitation-Strengthened, High-Temperature, High-Force Shape Memory Alloys (2008)

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are an enabling component in the development of compact, lightweight, durable, high-force actuation systems particularly for use where hydraulics or electrical motors are not practical. However, commercial shape memory alloys based on NiTi are only suitable for applications near room temperature, due to their relatively low transformation temperatures, while many potential applications require higher temperature capability. Consequently, a family of (Ni,Pt)(sub 1-x)Ti(sub x) shape memory alloys with Ti concentrations ranging from about 15 to 25 at.% have been developed for applications in which there are requirements for SMA actuators to exert high forces at operating temperatures higher than those of conventional binary NiTi SMAs. These alloys can be heat treated in the range of 500 C to produce a series of fine precipitate phases that increase the strength of alloy while maintaining a high transformation temperature, even in Ti-lean compositions.
Optimal Hour-Ahead Bidding in the Real-Time Electricity Market with Battery Storage using Approximate Dynamic Programming (2014)

There is growing interest in the use of grid-level storage to smooth variations in supply that are likely to arise with increased use of wind and solar energy. Energy arbitrage, the process of buying, storing, and selling electricity to exploit variations in electricity spot prices, is becoming an important way of paying for expensive investments into grid-level storage. Independent system operators such as the NYISO (New York Independent System Operator) require that battery storage operators place bids into an hour-ahead market (although settlements may occur in increments as small as 5 minutes, which is considered near "real-time"). The operator has to place these bids without knowing the energy level in the battery at the beginning of the hour, while simultaneously accounting for the value of leftover energy at the end of the hour. The problem is formulated as a dynamic program. We describe and employ a convergent approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm that exploits monotonicity of the value function to find a revenue-generating bidding policy; using optimal benchmarks, we empirically show the computational benefits of the algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a distribution-free variant of the ADP algorithm that does not require any knowledge of the distribution of the price process (and makes no assumptions regarding a specific real-time price model). We demonstrate that a policy trained on historical real-time price data from the NYISO using this distribution-free approach is indeed effective.
Experimental Demonstration of Sub-Nyquist Sampling for Bandwidth- and Hardware-Efficient Mobile Fronthaul Supporting 128×128 MIMO with 100-MHz OFDM Signals (2016)

We propose and demonstrate a novel sub-Nyquist sampling technique for bandwidth-efficient and hardware-efficient mobile fronthaul supporting massive MIMO, simultaneously achieving 32-fold reduction in sampling rate and 1.5-dB improvement in performance in a 128×128 MIMO experiment.
Total Syntheses, Fragmentation Studies, and Antitumor/Antiproliferative Activities of FR901464 and Its Low Picomolar Analogue (2007)

FR901464 is a potent anticancer natural product that lowers the mRNA levels of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In this article, we report a convergent enantioselective synthesis of FR901464, which was accomplished in 13 linear steps. Central to the synthetic approach was the diene-ene cross olefin metathesis reaction to generate the C6-C7 olefin without the use of protecting groups as the final step. Additional key reactions include a Zr/Ag-promoted alkynylation to set the C4 stereocenter, a mild and chemoselective Red-Al reduction, a reagent-controlled stereoselective Mislow-Evans-type [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to install the C5 stereocenter, a Carreira asymmetric alkynylation to generate the C4' stereocenter, and a highly efficient ring-closing metathesis-allylic oxidation sequence to form an unsaturated lactone. The decomposition pathways of FR901464's right fragment were studied under physiologically relevant conditions. Facile epoxide opening by beta-elimination gave two enones, one of which could undergo dehydration via its hemiketal to form a furan. To prevent this decomposition pathway, a right fragment was rationally designed and synthesized. This analogue was 12 times more stable than the right fragment of the natural product. Using this more stable right fragment analogue, an FR901464 analogue, meayamycin, was prepared in 13 linear steps. The inhibitions of human breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation by synthetic FR901464 and meayamycin were studied, and the GI50 values for these compounds were determined to be 1.1 nM and 10 pM, respectively. Thus, meayamycin is among the most potent anticancer small molecules that do not bind to either DNA or microtubule.
71.4L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Self Assembled Transparent Conductive Coatings for Flat Panel Displays (2006)

Abstract A nano silver‐ metal based emulsion has been developed that, when coated on materials (flexible and rigid substrates, including both planar and three dimensional surfaces), self‐assembles into a transparent conductive layer which has enhanced electrical and optical properties. This paper reviews the transparent conductive coating, including the emulsion itself and the self‐assembly of the nano particles in the emulsion within the context of one market application of the transparent conductive coating in the display industry. Key words: nano silver, transparent conductive coating, self assembly, EMI shielding, flexible electronics.