gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous wide area monitoring of fish shoaling behavior with acoustic waveguide sensing and bioclutter implications (2004)

Field measurements are used to show that the detailed behavior of fish shoals can be continuously monitored at roughly 1-min intervals over wide areas spanning hundreds of square kilometers by long range acoustic waveguide sensing. The technique was used on the New Jersey Continental Shelf to produce unprecedented video images of shoal formation, fragmentation, and migration. Simultaneous line-transect measurements show the imaged shoals to contain pelagic fish with densities of at least one individual per meter3. The technique relies upon acoustic waveguide propagation in the continental shelf. Here, trapped modes dominate propagation and suffer only cylindrical spreading loss rather than the spherical loss suffered in free-space transmission or short-range propagation in the ocean. In contrast, standard methods for fish surveyance involve line transect measurements from slow moving research vessels that significantly under-sample fish distributions in time and space, leaving an incomplete behavioral picture. The implications of this bioclutter phenomenon on the Navy’s long range active sonar operations in continental shelf environments are discussed.
Exploring Future Cardiovascular Medicine: Heart Precursors Directed From Human Embryonic Stem Cells For Myocardium Regeneration (2013)

Copyright: © 2013 Parsons XH. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Given the limited capacity of the heart muscle for self-repair after birth, transplantation of cardiomyocyte stem/precursor/progenitor cells holds enormous potential in cell replacement therapy for cardiac repair. However, the lack of a clinically-suitable human cardiomyocyte stem/precursor/progenitor cell source with adequate myocardium regenerative potential has been the major setback in regenerating the damaged human heart, either by endogenous cells or by cell-based transplantation or cardiac tissue engineering [1,2]. Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the unconstrained capacity for long-term stable undifferentiated growth in culture and the intrinsic potential for differentiation into all somatic cell types in the human body, holding tremendous potential for restoring tissue and organ function [1]. Due to the prevalence of heart disease worldwide and acute shortage of donor organs or adequate human myocardial grafts, there is intense interest in developing hESC-based therapy for heart disease and failure [1,2].
Determination of failure initiation stress and failure grade using Acoustic emission (2008)

ABSTRACT The excavation of rock structures in hard rock involves three safety issues: structural failure such as wedge-type failures, brittle failures such as slabbing and spalling, and a combination of these two. Especially at highly stressed levels, the failure process of rock structures are mainly affected and eventually dominated by stress-induced fractures growing preferentially parallel to the excavation boundary. This brittle failure is usually occurred within very small displacement or strain, and thus it is not easy to determine the precursor and initiation stress level of failure in displacement detection method. To overcome this problem, some researchers have tried to adopt the acoustic emission (AE) detection. This study carried out physical model experiments and determined brittle failure initiation stress and failure grade, which are the two important characteristics of brittle failure. Failure initiation stress and failure grade are determined using AE detection as well as visual observation. And the locations of failure were detected in real time by the AE source location. This study showed that AE detection method could be usefully applied to determine the brittle failure initiation.
The CMP-legionaminic acid pathway in Campylobacter: Biosynthesis involving novel GDP-linked precursors (2009)

The sialic acid-like sugar 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid, or legion-aminic acid, is found as a virulence-associated cell-surface glycoconjugate in the Gram-negative bacteria Legionella pneumophila and Campylobacter coli. L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains, causative agents of Legionnaire's disease, contain an alpha2,4-linked homopolymer of legionaminic acid within their lipopolysaccharide O-chains, whereas the gastrointestinal pathogen C. coli modifies its flagellin with this monosaccharide via O-linkage. In this work, we have purified and biochemically characterized 11 candidate biosynthetic enzymes from Campylobacter jejuni, thereby fully reconstituting the biosynthesis of legionaminic acid and its CMP-activated form, starting from fructose-6-P. This pathway involves unique GDP-linked intermediates, likely providing a cellular mechanism for differentiating between this and similar UDP-linked pathways, such as UDP-2,4-diacetamido-bacillosamine biosynthesis involved in N-linked protein glycosylation. Importantly, these findings provide a facile method for efficient large-scale synthesis of legionaminic acid, and since legionaminic acid and sialic acid share the same D-glycero-D-galacto absolute configuration, this sugar may now be evaluated for its potential as a sialic acid mimic.
Polymer Light‐Emitting Diode Displays — Device Performance and Applications (1998)

ABSTRACT The emerging technology based around polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) promises to have many advantages over existing electroluminescence technologies. Lightweight, battery operated, and highly visible pixellated displays may be beneficial for a broad range of applications in portable electronics, ranging from simple alphanumeric displays to high information content flat panel displays. PLED displays have now reached a level of performance that is attractive for commercial applications, with operating lifetimes in excess of 10,000 hrs, luminance levels of several hundred cd/m 2 and battery‐compatible operating voltages. In this talk we discuss the lifetime and readability issues of passively‐addressed matrix displays developed at UNIAX Corporation.
In vitro susceptibility of genotypically distinct and clonal Clostridium difficile strains to oritavancin (2008)

Oritavancin was at least 4-fold more potent than vancomycin against the majority (25/33) of C. difficile strains tested by broth macrodilution. Oritavancin activity may be underestimated by agar incorporation methods, regardless of the use of P80 or lysed horse blood.
Hybrid silicon-conductive oxide-plasmonic electro-absorption modulator with 2-V swing voltage (2019)

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) have emerged as materials for nanoscale electro-optic modulators. The free-carrier-induced epsilon-near-zero effect by applying a gate voltage is capable of achieving ultra-strong electro-absorption (EA) effect. As the EA rate has been theoretically proved to be dependent on the mobility of the TCO gate, we experimentally demonstrated a hybrid silicon-plasmonic EA modulator using high-mobility In2O3 as the gate. With an ultra-compact active region of only 5-μm long, we achieved a small voltage swing Vpp of only 2 V to obtain an EA rate of 1.2 dB / μm, resulting in very high energy efficiency of 110 femto-joule/bit. We also experimentally proved the correlation between the EA rate and the mobility of TCO materials through comparison with indium-tin-oxide gated modulators. In addition, the hybrid EA modulator is capable of covering more than 100-nm optical bandwidth in the telecommunication wavelength window, which is limited by the bandwidth of the grating coupler.
Dynamic lexical acquisition in Chinese sentence analysis (2002)

In this paper, we focus on the domain ontology acquisition from Chinese corpus by extracting rules designed for Chinese phrases. These rules are noun sequences with part-of-speech tags. Experiments show that this process can construct domain ontology prototypes efficiently and effectively.
Synthesis of Substituted Naphthalenes by the Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Internal Alkynes (2002)

A variety of substituted naphthalenes have been prepared by the palladium-catalyzed carboannulation of internal alkynes. This method (1) forms two new carbon−carbon bonds in a single step, (2) accommodates a variety of functional groups, and (3) affords excellent yields of highly substituted naphthalenes.
Vid2Game: Controllable Characters Extracted from Real-World Videos (2019)

We are given a video of a person performing a certain activity, from which we extract a controllable model. The model generates novel image sequences of that person, according to arbitrary user-defined control signals, typically marking the displacement of the moving body. The generated video can have an arbitrary background, and effectively capture both the dynamics and appearance of the person. The method is based on two networks. The first network maps a current pose, and a single-instance control signal to the next pose. The second network maps the current pose, the new pose, and a given background, to an output frame. Both networks include multiple novelties that enable high-quality performance. This is demonstrated on multiple characters extracted from various videos of dancers and athletes.
Interaction of Noncompetitive Inhibitors with the α3β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Investigated by Affinity Chromatography and Molecular Docking (2007)

A molecular model of the alpha3beta2 nAChR lumen channel was constructed and hydrophobic clefts were observed near the receptor gate. Docking simulations indicated that ligand-nAChR complexes were formed by hydrophobic interactions with the cleft and hydrogen bond interactions. The equilibrium constants and association and dissociation constant rates associated with the binding interactions were determined using nonlinear chromatography on an immobilized alpha3beta2 nAChR column. The computational-chromatography approach can be used to predict and describe ligand-nAChR interactions.
On the feasibility of a temperature state observer for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (2018)

Powder bed fusion (PBF) is the additive manufacturing (AM) process that has arguably the highest potential for the elevation of AM from rapid prototyping tools to the use in the manufacture of final products. The initial success of PBF has been in spite of the primary mechanism material addition, directed energy by a laser or electron beam, being controlled in open-loop using detailed process maps and heuristics. This manuscript details an exploratory study of one enabling control tool in the system of tools required for closed-loop control of directed energy: state-observation for the estimation of temperature states throughout the part from measurements of surface temperatures. We pose the fundamental physics of PBF with the variational calculus of the finite element method (FEM), and then repose FEM as a state-space model. From the state-space model, we define a temperature state observer and corresponding observability criteria. The significant outcomes of this study are the first definition of a state observer for PBF temperature fields and the successful estimation of the temperature evolution of several simulated test parts.
Handling the data management needs of high-throughput sequencing data: SpeedGene, a compression algorithm for the efficient storage of genetic data (2012)

The SpeedGene algorithm enables the storage and the analysis of next generation sequencing data in current hardware environment, making system upgrades unnecessary.
Unsupervised Object Class Discovery via Saliency-Guided Multiple Class Learning (2014)

In this paper, we tackle the problem of common object (multiple classes) discovery from a set of input images, where we assume the presence of one object class in each image. This problem is, loosely speaking, unsupervised since we do not know a priori about the object type, location, and scale in each image. We observe that the general task of object class discovery in a fully unsupervised manner is intrinsically ambiguous; here we adopt saliency detection to propose candidate image windows/patches to turn an unsupervised learning problem into a weakly-supervised learning problem. In the paper, we propose an algorithm for simultaneously localizing objects and discovering object classes via bottom-up (saliency-guided) multiple class learning (bMCL). Our contributions are three-fold: (1) we adopt saliency detection to convert unsupervised learning into multiple instance learning, formulated as bottom-up multiple class learning (bMCL); (2) we propose an integrated framework that simultaneously performs object localization, object class discovery, and object detector training; (3) we demonstrate that our framework yields significant improvements over existing methods for multi-class object discovery and possess evident advantages over competing methods in computer vision. In addition, although saliency detection has recently attracted much attention, its practical usage for high-level vision tasks has yet to be justified. Our method validates the usefulness of saliency detection to output "noisy input" for a top-down method to extract common patterns.
Sequenced Bioleaching and Bioaccumulation of Phosphorus from Sludge Combustion – A New Way of Resource Reclaiming (2009)

The recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge incineration ash as well as the separation of heavy metals from ash was investigated by using the biotechnological process of bioleaching and bioaccumulation of released phosphorus by newly developed population of bioleaching bacteria, Acidithiobacillus sp. strains, and polyphosphate (poly-P) accumulating bacteria, the AEDS-population (Acidithiobacillus sp. enriched digested sludge). The biologically performed solubilization of phosphorus from sewage sludge incineration ash is accompanied by the release of toxic metals. Therefore a combined process to separate phosphorus from heavy metals by achieving a plant available phosphorus-enriched product and a metal depleted ash was designed. Leaching experiments were conducted in laboratory scaled leaching reactor containing a bacterial stock culture of Acidithiobacillus sp.. Next step was the enhancement of P-recovery in combining bioleaching with simultaneous bio-P-accumulation by AEDS-population. The uptake of phosphorus in biomass reaches up to 66 % of the mobilized phosphorus by bioleaching. The combined biologically performed technology of phosphorus leaching and separation from toxic metals by simultaneous bioaccumulation developed in this study is a promising process for economical and ecological recovery of phosphorus from waste solids.
Novel microscope-integrated stereoscopic heads-up display for intrasurgical optical coherence tomography (2016)

Intra-operative optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires a display technology which allows surgeons to visualize OCT data without disrupting surgery. Previous research and commercial intrasurgical OCT systems have integrated heads-up display (HUD) systems into surgical microscopes to provide monoscopic viewing of OCT data through one microscope ocular. To take full advantage of our previously reported real-time volumetric microscope-integrated OCT (4D MIOCT) system, we describe a stereoscopic HUD which projects a stereo pair of OCT volume renderings into both oculars simultaneously. The stereoscopic HUD uses a novel optical design employing spatial multiplexing to project dual OCT volume renderings utilizing a single micro-display. The optical performance of the surgical microscope with the HUD was quantitatively characterized and the addition of the HUD was found not to substantially effect the resolution, field of view, or pincushion distortion of the operating microscope. In a pilot depth perception subject study, five ophthalmic surgeons completed a pre-set dexterity task with 50.0% (SD = 37.3%) higher success rate and in 35.0% (SD = 24.8%) less time on average with stereoscopic OCT vision compared to monoscopic OCT vision. Preliminary experience using the HUD in 40 vitreo-retinal human surgeries by five ophthalmic surgeons is reported, in which all surgeons reported that the HUD did not alter their normal view of surgery and that live surgical maneuvers were readily visible in displayed stereoscopic OCT volumes.
Abstract 298: Microfibrillar Protein 4 is an Integrin avß3/5 Ligand Involved in Vascular Remodeling (2013)

Arterial injury stimulates remodeling responses that, when overexuberant, leads to stenosis. This response is influenced by specific integrin signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is a matricellular integrin ligand localized to the vascular wall. We hypothesized that systemic MFAP4 (sMFAP4) associates to vascular remodeling processes and that MFAP4 enhances integrin dependent VSMC activation and vasculoproliferative disease-associated remodeling. We explored the hypotheses using a prospective human cohort with symptomatic obstructive peripheral arterial disease (PAD), VSMC culture studies, and produced MFAP4 deficient mice for studying neointima formation. We demonstrate that the highest tertile of sMFAP4 was significantly associated with primary patency after vascular reconstruction, and the overall need for vascular reconstruction and mortality in 343 PAD patients. MFAP4 mediated the adhesion, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs in an integrin αVβ3/5-dependent manner in vitro. These effects were inhibited by MFAP4-blocking antibodies. MFAP4-deficient mice displayed delayed neointimal formation when challenged with carotid artery ligation, but the compensatory outward remodeling of vessel diameter was reduced. In conclusion, sMFAP4 has the potential to serve as a systemic marker morbidity and mortality in PAD. MFAP4 regulates integrin αVβ3/5 signaling and pathological remodeling in vivo, and may have therapeutic implications in vasculoproliferative diseases.
Limited Chain Relay - A Novel Multimedia Distribution Algorithm and Its Analysis (2009)

We describe and analyze a novel algorithm called Limited Chain Relay for on-demand multimedia content distribution over digital networks. Using VoD as an example, we show that this peer assisted scheme provides bandwidth and processing savings comparable to a periodic multicast without incurring subscriber delays inherent in the latter. This scheme's success does not depend upon the ability to forecast demand accurately. It uses minimal storage in participating peer CPEs. It incorporates many features to facilitate fast set up, redundancy to handle peer failures, and centralized OS functions including billing. It can be used in a wide variety of networks such as Fiber to the Home and Fiber to the Curb and with transport technologies like IP and ADSL. It can be used also for streaming content where individual clients may not store the entire content.
Orientation Control of Block Copolymers Using Surface Active, Phase-Preferential Additives (2016)

Orientation control of thin film nanostructures derived from block copolymers (BCPs) are of great interest for various emerging technologies like separation membranes, nanopatterning, and energy storage. While many BCP compositions have been developed for these applications, perpendicular orientation of these BCP domains is still very challenging to achieve. Herein we report on a new, integration-friendly approach in which small amounts of a phase-preferential, surface active polymer (SAP) was used as an additive to a polycarbonate-containing BCP formulation to obtain perpendicularly oriented domains with 19 nm natural periodicity upon thermal annealing. In this work, the vertically oriented BCP domains were used to demonstrate next generation patterning applications for advanced semiconductor nodes. Furthermore, these domains were used to demonstrate pattern transfer into a hardmask layer via commonly used etch techniques and graphoepitaxy-based directed self-assembly using existing lithographic integration schemes. We believe that this novel formulation-based approach can easily be extended to other applications beyond nanopatterning.
<title>Semi-active laser (SAL) last pulse logic infrared imaging seeker</title> (2001)

The Semi-Active Laser (SAL)/Infrared Imaging (I<SUP>2</SUP>R) Seeker concept consists of utilizing a small single Silicon PIN Photodiode detector in conjunction with a staring midwave infrared focal plane array (FPA) and correlating the temporal laser returns obtained from the PIN detector with the spatial laser returns obtained from the FPA. The correlation of the spatial-temporal returns will allow identification of the correct laser return on the FPA. Once the correct laser return is identified, the seeker can position a track gate about the designated target identified by the correct laser return and generate guidance commands to guide a missile to a target. The concept will enable SAL, I<SUP>2</SUP>R, or SAL/I<SUP>2</SUP>R (simultaneous) processing to be accomplished. Guidance commands will be generated with the FPA detector only, using the multispectral data.
Continuously steerable differential beamformers with null constraints for circular microphone arrays (2020)

Differential beamforming combined with microphone arrays can be used in a wide range of applications related to acoustic and speech signal acquisition and recovery. A practical and useful method for designing differential beamformers is the so-called null-constrained method, which was developed based on linear arrays and requires only the nulls' information from the target directivity pattern. While it is effective and easy to use, this method is found not suitable for designing steerable differential beamformers with circular arrays. This paper reexamines this technique in the context of circular differential microphone arrays. By analyzing the properties of the circular array topology, the null-constrained method is extended to include symmetric constraints, which is inherent in the design of circular arrays. This extension yields a design method for fully steerable differential beamformers that require only minimum information from the target beampattern. Simulations justify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the good properties of the developed method.
Oxyanions catalyze group-transfer polymerization to give living polymers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxyanions catalyze group-transfer polymerization to give living polymersIra B. Dicker, Gordon M. Cohen, William B. Farnham, Walter R. Hertler, Evan D. Laganis, and Dotsevi Y. SogahCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 18, 4034–4041Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00220a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00220a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views972Altmetric-Citations226LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts