gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normalization Of Lidar Intensity Data Based On Range And Surface Incidence Angle (2022)

The analysis of airborne laser scanner data to extr act surface features is of great interest in photog rammetric research. Especially for applications based on airborne measurements, where the intensity is crucial (e.g. for segmentation, cl assification or visualization purposes), a normalization considering the beam div ergence, the incidence angle and the atmospheric at tenuation is required. Our investigations show that the same material of a sur face (e.g. gabled roof) yields to different measure d values for the intensity. These values are strongly correlated to the incidence ang le of the laser beam on the surface. Therefore the intensity value is improved with the incidence angle derived by the sensor and objec t position as well as its surface orientation. The surface orientation is estimated by the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix includ ing all object points inside a close environment. F urther the atmospheric attenuation is estimated. The adaptation of vegetat ion areas is disregarded in this study. After these improvements the intensity does no longer depend on the incidence angle but may be influenced by the material of the object surface on ly. For surface modelling the Phong model is introduced, considering diffuse and specular backscattering characteristics of the surf ace. A measurement campaign was carried out to investigate the influences of th e incidence angle on the measured intensity. By cons idering the incidence angle and the distance between sensor and object the laser da ta captured from different flight paths (data strip es) can be successfully fused. In our experiments it could be shown that the radiomet ric normalization of the intensity for the investig ated areas are improved.
Comparing high resolution timestamps in computer clusters (2006)

Gaining a deep understanding of the detailed execution behavior and performance of complex software systems requires accurate tracing and analysis tools. Tracing tools such as the Linux trace toolkit (LTT) provide a detailed log of both system and user level events which may later be accessed and visualized. The information logged for each event includes the event type, a timestamp, and event type specific information. Most computer central processing units (CPU) now come with a cycle counter, thus enabling fast access, very high resolution (cycle level), timestamp values for events. Problems arise when tracing events from computer clusters containing numerous CPUs with independent clocks. Even CPUs in the same multiprocessor computer may not be fully synchronized, and in some cases run at different clock frequencies. Visualization tools, when presenting a timeline of events logged on different CPUs must therefore translate the individual timestamps to a common time reference, thus taking into account the clock delay for each CPU. Several experiments were conducted in order to characterize the CPU cycle counter accuracy and measure the synchronization accuracy achievable using conventional computer networks. The resulting data is of immediate use for all applications concerned with computer clocks or network synchronization accuracy. It is used in the forthcoming version of the Linux trace toolkit to select the most appropriate mechanisms to compute a common time reference for events coming from different CPUs.
Modified S-Plasty (2003)

BACKGROUND When the tension obtainable with an elliptical excision of a skin lesion would be excessive, instead of resorting to skin grafts or flaps, it is possible to apply an alternative plastic that reduces the length of the suture by approximately one third and assumes a curved lazy-S profile, also improving aesthetic result. METHODS This is obtained with a modified shortened S-plasty, which distributes the vectors of tension in two different directions at the apices and in the central part. The traction on the suture line is reduced, facilitating wound healing. Two different directions of the “S” can be chosen. In the case of oval or long lesions, if their major axis, natural direction of suture, does not fit to the anatomical site, it is possible, by applying the S plastic, to rotate the axis of suture by almost 90 degrees. One case is presented that illustrates the description. Differences between this technique and classic S-plasty are discussed. CONCLUSION The modified S-plasty reconstruction can represent a valid alternative to elliptical excision if the lesion to be removed is sufficiently large and when a shorter and curved suture line is preferable.
Efficacy of c-Met inhibitor for advanced prostate cancer (2010)

The c-Met inhibitors demonstrated anti-proliferative efficacy when combined with androgen ablation therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
N.L.R.B. Campaign Propaganda: A Call for Congressional Reform (1984)

With its decision in Midland National Life Insurance Company, the National Labor Relations Board no longer probes into the truth or falsity of statements made during he course of preelection campaigns. The decision marks the third policy reversal in regulating campaign propaganda during the last five years. Of concern to employers and unions is the uncertainty of Board resolutions in this area, particularly when each policy reversal was preceded immediately by Presidential appointments to the Board. This article traces the shifting Board policy of regulating campaign misrepresentations and calls for Congressional intervention to stabilize the preelection process.
Spermatid injection into human oocytes. II.Clinical application in the treatment of infertility due to non obstructive azoospermia (1996)

We have reported recently the first birth after intrauterine transfer of embryos obtained by injection of round spermatids into oocytes in cases of unexpected azoospermia. Here we provide a complete documentation of the series of 11 cases in which this novel method of infertility treatment was employed. In four of these cases, elongated spermatids were identified in the ejaculate, and it was decided to perform elongated spermatid injection (ELSI). In the other six cases, only round spermatids were present, and round spermatid injection (ROSI) was done. In one case, ROSI was given preference to ELSI because of a very poor viability status of elongated spermatids present in the ejaculate. Fertilization of at least one oocyte was achieved in 10 of the 11 treatment cycles; the fertilization rate in these 10 cycles ranged between 7 and 100% with a mean value of 45%. All of the two-pronucleated zygotes cleaved and were transferred to the patient's uterus. A singleton pregnancy was achieved in two ROSI cycles. Both pregnancies developed uneventfully and resulted in the birth of normal infants. These data show that intra-ooplasmic injection of spermatids obtained from the ejaculate may become the treatment of first choice in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.
Trough Insulin Levels in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Following Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera) in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (2011)

BAL trough insulin increased following EXU therapy, but this increase did not correlate with other clinical or laboratory parameters, suggesting no significant biological action. Further studies are warranted to better understand inhaled insulin deposition and clearance and possible effects of increased insulin levels on the lungs.
Proteinase‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR‐1) activation contracts the isolated human renal artery <i>in vitro</i> (2003)

1. The in vitro motor function of protease-activated recepter-1 (PAR-1), PAR-2 and PAR-4 and the presence by immunohistochemistry of PAR-1 in the human renal artery have been investigated. 2. Thrombin and the human PAR-1 (SFLLRN-NH(2)) activating peptide, but not the PAR-1 reverse peptide (NRLLFS-NH(2)), contracted both endothelial-intact and endothelial-denuded human renal artery strips, whereas no relaxation was observed either in strips non-precontracted or precontracted with phenylephrine. Maximum contraction by thrombin or SFLLRN-NH(2) was about 60% of phenylephrine. However, thrombin was approximately 1000-fold more potent than SFLLRN-NH(2). 3. PAR-1 desensitisation, using repeated applications of SFLLRN-NH(2), almost completely blocked the response to thrombin. The contractile effect produced by thrombin and SFLLRN-NH(2) was not affected by nitric oxide synthase inhibition, but was significantly reduced by cyclooxygenase blockade. 4. Trypsin, the PAR-2 (SLIGKV-NH(2) and SLIGRL-NH(2)) and PAR-4 (GYPGQV-NH(2) and AYPGKF-NH(2)) activating peptides did not produce any significant contraction or relaxation. 5. In agreement with the motor function data immunohistochemistry showed specific staining patterns for PAR-1 in the human renal artery. 6. Combined, these studies would suggest a possible role for PAR-1 in renal vascular homeostasis.
Subsidence Monitoring in the Gulf Coast (1991)

ABSTRACT In certain geological environments, hydrocarbon and mineral production can cause collapsing or subsidence of the local geostructure. Significant subsidence causes casing failure, either in the producing zone or in the overburden. Subsidence can be transmitted through the overburden to the surface causing major problems such as rig collapse or pipeline failure. Early detection of a subsidence problem is important so that measures can be taken to prevent the loss of the well or a potential blowout situation. At the request of several operators, a technique has been developed for detecting small shifts in the formation or casing which indicate the onset of a subsidence problem. A pilot program using existing wireline tools (Fig. 1) was started in November 1990 on a well in the Gulf of Mexico. The technique and results of this project are presented in this paper. This technique uses existing downhole wireline tools configured to provide high-resolution measurements. Core bullets (with no retaining wires), tagged with a very low-level, short half-life radioactive isotope (5 microC of cobalt 60,5.2-year half-life), are shot into the formation at regular intervals. After casing is set, a base log is run to determine the precise location of the casing collars and radioactive markers prior to production. Once production has begun monitor logs are run at regular time intervals to detect movement of the collars or markers. Any shift in the locations of the collars or gamma ray pips indicates casing deformation or formation subsidence. The analysis technique relies on detector spacing, rather than cable motion. Subsidence results are presented in graphical form as well as tabular listings.
Disturbance of Tunneling Coherence by Oxygen Vacancy in Epitaxial<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>MgO</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi></mml:math>Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2008)

Oxygen vacancies in the MgO barriers of epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions are observed to introduce symmetry-breaking scatterings and hence open up channels for noncoherent tunneling processes that follow the normal WKB approximation. The evanescent waves inside the MgO barrier thus experience two-step tunneling, the coherent followed by the noncoherent process, and lead to lower tunnel magnetoresistance, higher junction resistance, as well as increased bias and temperature dependence. The characteristic length of the symmetry scattering process is determined to be about 1.6 nm.
Polynomially Ambiguous Probabilistic Automata on Restricted Languages (Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming) (2019)

We consider the computability and complexity of decision questions for Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA) with sub-exponential ambiguity. We show that the emptiness problem for non-strict cut-points of polynomially ambiguous PFA remains undecidable even when the input word is over a bounded language and all PFA transition matrices are commutative. In doing so, we introduce a new technique based upon the Turakainen construction of a PFA from a Weighted Finite Automata which can be used to generate PFA of lower dimensions and of subexponential ambiguity. We also study freeness/injectivity problems for polynomially ambiguous PFA and study the border of decidability and tractability for various cases.
Interaction of tubulin with ribose-modified analogs of GTP and GDP: evidence for two mutually exclusive exchangeable nucleotide binding sites. (1981)

Interactions of tubulin with a number of guanine nucleotides modified at the 2' and 3' ribose hydroxyls were examined. Deoxy analogs of GTP were equal or superior to GTP in supporting tubulin polymerization, but analogs bearing either methyl or phosphate groups on the hydroxyls had significantly reduced ability to support polymerization. These substituted GTP analogs were hydrolyzed at the 5'-gamma-phosphate position, although less rapidly than GTP, at rates exceeding those of polymerization. GTP hydrolysis, however, was closely coupled to polymerization. Moreover, the partially active GTP analogs were not effective inhibitors of GTP-dependent polymerization. These data indicate that the substituted GTP analogs have reduced affinity for tubulin at the exchangeable site because of steric factors. No deoxy or substituted GDP analog was as effective as GDP itself in inhibiting GTP-supported tubulin polymerization. Furthermore, there was no apparent relationship between the ability of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates to support polymerization and that of nucleoside 5'-diphosphates to inhibit the reaction. These findings suggest that GTP and GDP may actually bind to different, mutually exclusive sites rather than to a single exchangeable site.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Asthma: Implications for Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Therapeutics (2011)

Asthma is a complex, inflammatory disorder characterized by airflow obstruction of variable degrees, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway inflammation. Asthma is caused by environmental factors and a combination of genetic and environmental stimuli. Genetic studies have revealed that multiple loci are involved in the etiology of asthma. Recent cellular, molecular, and animal-model studies have revealed several cellular events that are involved in the progression of asthma, including: increased Th2 cytokines leading to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the airway, and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction in the activated inflammatory cells, leading to tissue injury in the bronchial epithelium. Further, aging and animal model studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved and play a large role in asthma. Recent studies using experimental allergic asthmatic mouse models and peripheral cells and tissues from asthmatic humans have revealed antioxidants as promising treatments for people with asthma. This article summarizes the latest research findings on the involvement of inflammatory changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative stress in the development and progression of asthma. This article also addresses the relationship between aging and age-related immunity in triggering asthma, the antioxidant therapeutic strategies in treating people with asthma.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Oxidative Functionalization of Carbon—Hydrogen Bonds (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a Deoxysugar Dinucleotide Containing an <i>e</i><i>xo</i>-Difluoromethylene Moiety As a Mechanistic Probe for Studying Enzymes Involved in Unusual Sugar Biosynthesis (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of a Deoxysugar Dinucleotide Containing an exo-Difluoromethylene Moiety As a Mechanistic Probe for Studying Enzymes Involved in Unusual Sugar BiosynthesisZongbao Zhao and Hung-wen LiuView Author Information Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 20, 6810–6815Publication Date (Web):August 31, 2001Publication History Received9 April 2001Published online31 August 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo0103672https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0103672brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1161Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Carbohydrates,Mixtures,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Macrophage polarization is linked to Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2β-derived lipids and cross-cell signaling in mice (2019)

Phospholipases A<sub>2</sub> (PLA<sub>2</sub>s) catalyze hydrolysis of the <i>sn</i>-2 substituent from glycerophospholipids to yield a free fatty acid (i.e., arachidonic acid), which can be metabolized to pro- or anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. Macrophages modulate inflammatory responses and are affected by Ca<sup>2+</sup>-independent phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (PLA<sub>2</sub>)β (iPLA<sub>2</sub>β). Here, we assessed the link between iPLA<sub>2</sub>β-derived lipids (iDLs) and macrophage polarization. Macrophages from WT and KO (<i>iPLA<sub>2</sub>β-/-</i>) mice were classically M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype activated or alternatively M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype activated, and eicosanoid production was determined by ultra-performance LC ESI-MS/MS. As a genotypic control, we performed similar analyses on macrophages from <i>RIP.iPLA<sub>2</sub>β.Tg</i> mice with selective iPLA<sub>2</sub>β overexpression in β-cells. Compared with WT, generation of select pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs) was lower in <i>iPLA<sub>2</sub>β<sup>-/-</sup></i> , and that of a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (SPM), resolvin D2, was higher; both changes are consistent with the M2 phenotype. Conversely, macrophages from <i>RIP.iPLA<sub>2</sub>β.Tg</i> mice exhibited an opposite landscape, one associated with the M1 phenotype: namely, increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (6-keto PGF<sub>1</sub>α, PGE<sub>2</sub>, leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>) and decreased ability to generate resolvin D2. These changes were not linked with secretory PLA<sub>2</sub> or cytosolic PLA<sub>2</sub>α or with leakage of the transgene. Thus, we report previously unidentified links between select iPLA<sub>2</sub>β-derived eicosanoids, an SPM, and macrophage polarization. Importantly, our findings reveal for the first time that β-cell iPLA<sub>2</sub>β-derived signaling can predispose macrophage responses. These findings suggest that iDLs play critical roles in macrophage polarization, and we posit that they could be targeted therapeutically to counter inflammation-based disorders.
Maintenance of discovered association rules in large databases: an incremental updating technique (2002)

An incremental updating technique is developed for maintenance of the association rules discovered by database mining. There have been many studies on efficient discovery of association rules in large databases. However, it is nontrivial to maintain such discovered rules in large databases because a database may allow frequent or occasional updates and such updates may not only invalidate some existing strong association rules but also turn some weak rules into strong ones. An incremental updating technique is proposed for efficient maintenance of discovered association rules when new transaction data are added to a transaction database.
Yield optimization in cluster bean through improved seed and crop management practices in arid Rajasthan (2014)

Sixteen cluster bean varieties were evaluated under rainfed conditions at Agricultural Research Station, Keshwana, Jalore (Rajasthan). Year wise average seed yield ranged between 5.90 q/ha and 15.89 q/ha; however, variety wise it varied between 5.46 q/ha to 18.22 q/ha with the average of 10.31 q/ha. One thousand seed weight among varieties ranged between 26.97g and 30.03 g with the average of 29.13 g. The maximum seed yield has been provided by RGC-1033. Other varieties performed above average are RGM-112, RGM-1003, RGM-1038, RGM-1055, HG-563, RGM-1017, RGM-1002, RGM-936 and RGM-1066 with the seed yield of 16.59, 12.36, 12.07, 12.03, 11.93, 11.79, 11.40, 11.38 and 10.38 q/ha, respectively. All these high yielding varieties of cluster bean appear suitable for cultivation in arid Rajasthan.
Formation, Dynamics, and Characterization of Nanostructures by Ion Beam Irradiation (2007)

Ion beam irradiation is a potential tool for phase formation and material modification as a non-equilibrium technique. Localized rise in temperature and ultra fast (∼10−12 s) dissipations of impinging energy make it an attractive tool for metastable phase formation. As a matter of fact, a major component of materials science is dominated by ion beam methods, either for synthesis of materials or for its characterization. The synthesis of nanostructures, and their modification by ion beam technique will be discussed in this review article. Formation of nanostructures using ion beam technique will be discussed first. Depending on species (e.g., mass and charge state) and energy range, there are various modes for an energetic ion to dissipate its energy. The role of the electron will also be covered in this article as a basic principle of its interaction with matter, which is same as for an ion. By using a simple reactive ion beam or electron induced deposition, a secondary phase can be nucleated by ion beam mixing techniques, either by using inert gas irradiation or reactive gas implantation on any desired substrate. Nucleation of secondary phase can also be executed by electron irradiation and direct implantation of either negative or positive ions. Post implantation annealing processes are required for the complete growth of clusters formed in most of these ion irradiation techniques. Implantation processes being inherently a non-equilibrium technique, defects always have a role to play in phase formation, amorphization, and beyond (blister formation). When implanted with large energy, even electrons, one of the lightest charged particles, also manifest these properties. Electronic and nuclear energy losses of the impinging charged particle play a crucial role in material modification. Doping a nanocluster, however, is still a controversial topic. Some light will be shed on this topic with a discussion of focused ion beam.