gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ structural analysis of the Yersinia enterocolitica injectisome (2013)

Injectisomes are multi-protein transmembrane machines allowing pathogenic bacteria to inject effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells, a process called type III secretion. Here we present the first three-dimensional structure of Yersinia enterocolitica and Shigella flexneri injectisomes in situ and the first structural analysis of the Yersinia injectisome. Unexpectedly, basal bodies of injectisomes inside the bacterial cells showed length variations of 20%. The in situ structures of the Y. enterocolitica and S. flexneri injectisomes had similar dimensions and were significantly longer than the isolated structures of related injectisomes. The crystal structure of the inner membrane injectisome component YscD appeared elongated compared to a homologous protein, and molecular dynamics simulations documented its elongation elasticity. The ring-shaped secretin YscC at the outer membrane was stretched by 30-40% in situ, compared to its isolated liposome-embedded conformation. We suggest that elasticity is critical for some two-membrane spanning protein complexes to cope with variations in the intermembrane distance. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00792.001.
A Probabilistic Framework for Vague Queries and Imprecise Information in Databases (1990)

A probabilistic learning model for vague queries and missing or imprecise information in databases is described. Instead of retrieving only a set of answers, our approach yields a ranking of objects from the database in response to a query. By using relevance judgements from the user about the objects retrieved, the ranking for the actual query as well as the overall retrieval quality of the system can be further improved. For specifying different kinds of conditions in vague queries, the notion of vague pred-icates is introduced. Based on the underlying probabilistic model, also imprecise or missing attribute values can be treated easily. In addition, the corresponding formulas can be applied in combination with standard predicates (from two-valued logic), thus extending standard database systems for coping with missing or imprecise data.
Hot coal gas desulfurization with manganese-based sorbents (1994)

The focus of work being performed on Hot Coal Gas Desulfurization at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center is primarily in the use of zinc ferrite and zinc titanate sorbents; however, prior studies indicated that an alternate sorbent, manganese dioxide-containing ore in mixture with alumina (75 wt % ore + 25 wt % Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) may be a viable alternative to zinc-based sorbents. Manganese, for example, has a lower vapor pressure in the elemental state than zinc hence it is not as likely to undergo depletion from the sorbent surface upon loading and regeneration cycles. Also manganese oxide is less readily reduced to the elemental state than iron hence the range of reduction potentials for oxygen is somewhat greater than for zinc ferrite. In addition, thermodynamic analysis of the manganese-oxygen-sulfur system shows it to be less amenable to sulfation than zinc ferrite. Potential also exists for utilization of manganese at higher temperatures than zinc ferrite or zinc titanate. This annual topical report documents progress in pelletizing and testing via thermo-gravimetric analysis of individual pellet formulations of manganese ore/alumina combinations and also manganese carbonate/alumina with two binders, dextrin and bentonite.
Use of a Nonprocedural Specification Language and Associated Program Generator in Software Development (1979)

The Model II language and the associated program generator are used to explain and illustrate the use of very high level nonprocedural languages for computer programming. The effect of a very high level language is obtained in Model II through the elimination of procedural and control facilities that exist in high level programming languages such as PL/I or Cobol. In particular, the statements may be given in any order and there are no control constructs such as input/output, iterations, and memory allocation. The task of ordering the statements for execution and providing control statements is performed by the automatic program generator. The specification of a program is therefore much shorter (approximately one-fifth) than the equivalent high level procedural language program. Most important, a user need not regard the task of specifying a program as defining a process but rather as describing data and relations. This point of view greatly reduces the computer programming proficiency required of a user. The paper focuses on an example of the use of the language in business data processing, its advantages, and its novelty. It only briefly reviews the methodology incorporated in the existing program generator, a detailed description of which may be found in the references.
Low power architecture for motion compensation in a 4K Ultra-HD AVC and HEVC video codec system (2013)

Motion Compensation in Video Codec is a step where blocks of pixels from Reference Picture are fetched and interpolated to form the prediction image for the current picture being processed. There are several challenges in implementing this functionality in hardware - (1) to identify the minimum set of reference pixels needed to give the required prediction image in an efficient manner from external memory, (2) to fetch these pixels from the external memory at a rate to match the 4K Ultra HD frame processing and (3) to perform the processing in a power optimal manner. This paper describes architecture for motion compensation hardware which integrates command preparation, a 2D reference pixel data caching scheme, a DMA engine and a power efficient pixel interpolation engine. The 2D caching technique helps in reducing the LPDDR2 SDRAM power for a 4k Ultra-HD decoder by up to 70 mW and bandwidth by 800 MB/s (50% reduction), increasing the typical 1080p30 HDMI playback time by 2 hours. The motion compensation hardware module dissipates 3 mW for 1080p30 decode.
Hybrid antenna design integrated with the metal cover of notebook (2016)

Novel antenna design application for metal cover of notebooks is presented. The antenna having one slit and one slot is integrated with the metal cover of the notebook. Also feeding portions of the slit and the closed-slot are integrated into one feeding port, for application of 4G/LTE and Wi-Fi 2.4GHz.
Solid Tumor Differentiation Therapy - Is It Possible? (2012)

Genetic and epigenetic events within a cell which promote a block in normal development or differentiation coupled with unregulated proliferation are hallmarks of neoplastic transformation. Differentiation therapy involves the use of agents with the ability to induce differentiation in cells that have lost this ability, i.e. cancer cells. The promise of differentiation-based therapy as a viable treatment modality is perhaps best characterized by the addition of retinoids in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) revolutionizing the management of APML and dramatically improving survival. However, interest and application of differentiationbased therapy for the treatment of solid malignancies have lagged due to deficiencies in our understanding of differentiation pathways in solid malignancies. Over the past decade, a differentiation-based developmental model for solid tumors has emerged providing insights into the biology of various solid tumors as well as identification of targetable pathways capable of re-activating blocked terminal differentiation programs. Furthermore, a variety of agents including retinoids, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI), PPARγ agonists, and others, currently in use for a variety of malignancies, have been shown to induce differentiation in solid tumors. Herein we discuss the relevancy of differentiation-based therapies in solid tumors, using soft tissue sarcomas (STS) as a biologic and clinical model, and review the preclinical data to support its role as a promising modality of therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
State-Space Models for Multichannel Detection (1993)

In multichannel identification and detection (or model-based multichannel detection) problems the parameters of a model are identified from the observed channel process and the identified model is used to facilitate the detection of a signal in the observe process. A model-based multichannel detection algorithm was developed in the an innovations-based detection algorithm (IBDA) formulation for surveillance radar system applications. The state space model class was adopted to model the vector channel process because it is more general than the time series model class used in most analyses to date. An IBDA methodology was developed based on the canonical correlations algorithm which for state-space model identification offers performance advantages over alternative techniques. A computer simulation was developed to validate the methodology and the algorithm, and to carry out performance assessments. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm is capable of discriminating between the null hypothesis (clutter plus noise) and the alternative hypothesis (signal plus clutter plus noise). In summary, the applicability of the approach to radar system problems has been established.
Table Extraction from Web Pages Using Conditional Random Fields to Extract Toponym Related Data (2017)

Table is one of the ways to visualize information on web pages. The abundant number of web pages that compose the World Wide Web has been the motivation of information extraction and information retrieval research, including the research for table extraction. Besides, there is a need for a system which is designed to specifically handle location-related information. Based on this background, this research is conducted to provide a way to extract location-related data from web tables so that it can be used in the development of Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR) system. The location-related data will be identified by the toponym (location name). In this research, a rule-based approach with gazetteer is used to recognize toponym from web table. Meanwhile, to extract data from a table, a combination of rule-based approach and statistical-based approach is used. On the statistical-based approach, Conditional Random Fields (CRF) model is used to understand the schema of the table. The result of table extraction is presented on JSON format. If a web table contains toponym, a field will be added on the JSON document to store the toponym values. This field can be used to index the table data in accordance to the toponym, which then can be used in the development of GIR system.
Rapid-Test Sensitivity for Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Humans (2009)

To the Editor: The Naval Health Research Center serves as the Navy hub for the Department of Defense's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), in which it monitors influenza-like illness among recruit trainees of all military services, military dependents, and crew members of large Navy ships (population, >1000). The center works in collaboration with the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which monitors populations located on the border between California and Mexico. The first two human cases of novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV), known as swine flu, in . . .
Siglec-E Negatively Regulates the Activation of TLR4 by Controlling Its Endocytosis (2016)

TLR4 signaling is critical for providing effective immune protection, but it must be tightly controlled to avoid inflammation-induced pathology. Previously, we reported extensive and direct interactions between TLR and Siglec families of pattern recognition receptors. In this study, we examined the biological significance of this interaction during infection. We show that Siglec-E is required for Escherichia coli-induced endocytosis of TLR4. Siglec-E-deficient dendritic cells infected with E. coli fail to internalize TLR4. This leads to sustained TLR4 on the cell surface and activation of NF-κB and MAPK p38, resulting in high levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with wild-type dendritic cells. In contrast to the signaling events occurring at the plasma membrane, as a result of the inability to internalize TLR4, Siglec-E-deficient dendritic cells were also defective for TRIF-mediated IFN-β production in response to E. coli infection. Furthermore, we found that accumulation of ubiquitinated TLR4 and binding of E3 ubiquitin ligase Triad3A to TLR4 was increased significantly in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from wild-type mice, but not from Siglec-E-deficient mice, after E. coli infection. This represents a newly discovered mechanism that regulates the signaling of TLR4 during E. coli infection.
A Survey and Evaluation of the Potentials of Distributed Ledger Technology for Peer-to-Peer Transactive Energy Exchanges in Local Energy Markets (2019)

The unpredictability and intermittency introduced by Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in power systems may lead to unforeseen peaks of energy production, which might differ from energy demand. To manage these mismatches, a proper communication between prosumers (i.e., users with RESs that can either inject or absorb energy) and active users (i.e., users that agree to have their loads changed according to the system needs) is required. To achieve this goal, the centralized approach used in traditional power systems is no longer possible because both prosumers and active users would like to take part in energy transactions, and a decentralized approach based on transactive energy systems (TESs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy transactions should be adopted. In this context, the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), based on the blockchain concept arises as the most promising solution to enable smart contracts between prosumers and active users, which are safely guarded in blocks with cryptographic hashes. The aim of this paper is to provide a review about the deployment of decentralized TESs and to propose and discuss a transactive management infrastructure. In this context, the concept of Proof of Energy is proposed as a novel consensus protocol for P2P energy exchanges managed by DLT. An application of the proposed infrastructure considering a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregator and residential prosumers endowed with a new transactive controller to manage the electrical storage system is discussed.
Doppler phase-shifting digital holography and its application to surface shape measurement (2010)

Digital holography utilizing the optical Doppler effect is proposed in which the time variation of interference fringes is recorded using a high-speed CMOS camera. The complex amplitude diffracted from the object wave is extracted by time-domain Fourier transforming the recorded interference fringes. The method was used to measure the surface shape of a concave mirror under a disturbed environment.
Combinatorial Screening of Enzyme Activity by Using Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis (2000)

Efficient and comprehensive screening of enzyme activity was accomplished in a combinatorial array of 96 reaction microvials. Quantitation of the extent of the reaction at well-defined time intervals was achieved by using 96-capillary array electrophoresis coupled with a multiplexed absorption detector. Capillary electrophoresis provides high separation resolution to isolate the product from the reactants. Absorption detection provides universal applicability to combinatorial screening. For the conversion of NADH to NAD+, the catalytic activity of LDH was confirmed to be the highest at pH 7. This scheme should be useful for high-throughput drug discovery, clinical diagnosis, substrate binding, as well as combinatorial synthesis.
Monitoring Cathodically Protected Steel in Concrete Structures with Electrochemical Impedance Techniques (1988)

The effectiveness of cathodic protection (CP) in mitigating corrosion on buried carbon steel structures is limited by the inability to (1) detect ongoing corrosion and (2) determine the level of CP in the presence of voltage (IR) drop in the environment. In this study, the feasibility was established for using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a monitoring tool for detecting corrosion on cathodically protected carbon steel structures in soil and concrete.
Femtosecond laser corneal refractive surgery (1999)

We evaluated the efficacy, safety, and stability of femtosecond laser intrastromal refractive procedures in ex vivo and in vivo models. When compared with longer pulsewidth nanosecond or picosecond laser pulses, femtosecond laser-tissue interactions are characterized by significantly smaller and more deterministic photodisruptive energy thresholds, as well as reduced shock waves and smaller cavitation bubbles. We utilized a highly reliable, all-solid-state femtosecond laser system for all studies to demonstrate clinical practicality. Contiguous tissue effects were achieved by scanning a 5 μm focused laser spot below the corneal surface at pulse energies of approximately 2 - 4 microjoules. A variety of scanning patterns was used to perform three prototype procedures in animal eyes; corneal flap cutting, keratomileusis, and intrastromal vision correction. Superior dissection and surface quality results were obtained for lamellar procedures (corneal flap cutting and keratomileusis). Preliminary in vivo evaluation of intrastromal vision correction in a rabbit model revealed consistent and stable pachymetry changes, without significant inflammation or loss of corneal transparency. We conclude that femtosecond laser technology may be able to perform a variety of corneal refractive procedures with high precision, offering advantages over current mechanical and laser devices and techniques.
A digital polar transmitter with DC-DC converter supporting 256-QAM WLAN and 40 MHz LTE-A carrier aggregation (2016)

A digital polar transmitter is introduced using 9-b thermometer-coded uniform cells to achieve high linearity for wideband signal. A 960 MHz delay tuner is designed for precise amplitude and phase alignment. An on-chip DC-DC is included for direct battery connection and output power control. Boosted bias improves PA efficiency at low power region. This digital polar transmitter outputs peak power 21.9 dBm with 41% drain efficiency, achieves EVM -30.7dB with 802.11ac compliance of 20 MHz 256-QAM signal, also 4.5%/4.8% with LTE-A 40 MHz carrier aggregation compliance of 64-QAM signal.
Bismuth subgallate – its role in tonsillectomy (1995)

There have been many attempts at identifying substances and describing methods that would assist the surgeon and be of benefit to the patient undergoing a tonsillectomy. The use of bismuth subgallate as a haemostatic adjunct during tonsillectomy has only been described previously in retrospective studies. A controlled prospective randomized trial of 100 paediatric patients, in which 50 patients had a tonsillectomy performed using bismuth subgallate as a haemostatic agent and in which the remainder did not have any associated haemostatic substance, is presented here. Data on 72 patients was analysed, 39 patients belonging to the bismuth subgallate group and the remaining 33 to the control group. The time for haemostasis was three to 18 (mean 7.8) minutes in the bismuth group. It was four to 16 (mean 9.9) minutes in the non-bismuth group. These figures are statistically significant. The range of ties used in the bismuth group was none to three (mean 1.5) ties and one to seven (mean 3.4) ties in the non-bismuth group. These figures are also statistically significant. The remainder of the recorded parameters did not differ significantly. It was found that bismuth subgallate/adrenaline paste decreases operating time by significantly reducing the haemostasis time and the number of ties required but does not decrease post-operative morbidity.
The diagnosis and management of ductal carcinoma in-situ of the breast (2000)

The widespread utilization of screening mammography has produced a shift in the stage of breast cancer at diagnosis in the US: Currently, 12% to 15% of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases annually are ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). The diagnosis is made, in at least 90% of patients, with mammography. Only about 10% of patients will have a palpable mass. The accurate characterization and visualization of calcifications typically requires magnification of mammographic imaging. The morphology of the calcifications is generally considered to be the most important factor in differentiating benign from malignant formations. Round and uniform shapes are more likely to be benign, while linear and heterogeneous morphologies are associated with DCIS. Following a complete mammographic work-up, most suspicious lesions are potential candidates for a stereotactic core needle biopsy. Ten percent to 50% of patients initially diagnosed with atypical ductal hyperplasia by needle biopsy have subsequently been surgically diagnosed with cancer near the biopsy site. Due to this relatively high incidence of co-existent carcinoma, a needle biopsy diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia necessitates subsequent surgical excision. The most important change in our thinking about DCIS was from a monolithic view, conceiving of DCIS as a single disease highly likely to invade if left untreated, to the realization that DCIS represents a non-obligate precursor with a variable risk of progression, depending on a combination of factors, such as histology, lesion, size, and margin status. In discussing treatment options, patients should understand that local recurrence following total mastectomy is rare and that this is the procedure of choice for disease that cannot be adequately encompassed with a breast-conserving approach. If the patient and her surgeon are in agreement about proceeding with a breast-conserving approach, there needs to be a clear understanding of the incidence and implications of local recurrence. In all such discussions with newly diagnosed patients, however, it is essential to emphasize the excellent prognosis with this disease, irrespective of the surgical approach.
Discretization Method for the Development of a Modular Morphing Wing (2012)

This paper presents a discretization method for the development of a modular morphing wing. The proposed method determines the number of morphing wing modules and the respective spacing required to emulate a known wing shape and satisfy a corresponding flight requirement. This method consists of two steps. The first step is geometry discretization. In this step, curvature and twist distribution from the reference wing shape quarter chord line are extracted and used to determine the spacing of the discretized wing modules. This is achieved by clustering moretightlyspacedmorphingwingmodulesinareasoflargetotalcurvature,andfewerlongerwingmodulesinareas of small total curvature. By doing so, geometric congruency between the reference and discretized wings is maintained.Thesecondstepisperformanceevaluation.Inthisstep,anaerodynamicperformanceindex(suchasthe lift-to-drag ratio) for a given flight regime is used to evaluate the effectiveness of each modular morphing wing configuration.Optimalmorphingwingmodulesaredetermineduntilanacceptable flightperformanceisachievedby thediscretizedwing.Theeffectivenessoftheproposeddiscretizationalgorithmisdemonstratedthroughacasestudy by determining an optimal number of modules for a modular morphing wing.