gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized CSMA/CA for OFDMA systems: protocol design, throughput analysis, and implementation issues (2009)

In this paper, we present a multi-channel carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. The CSMA/CA system in conventional single-channel operation has the advantage of not requiring the signaling for bandwidth request and allocation over the scheduled access system but it sacrifices system efficiency significantly. We overcome the system efficiency limitation by exploiting the OFDMA system features that multiple stations can transmit simultaneously on different sub-channels, and the stations can obtain the channel information of all the sub-channels at each time instant. The OFDMA-based multi-channel CSMA/CA protocol is designed to enable the stations to contend with each other for channel access both in time and frequency domains through a two-dimensional backoff scheme. The protocol takes a generalized form of the conventional single-channel CSMA/CA protocol: It allows to segment the channel bandwidth into multiple narrow-band random access channels and adjust the transmission probability according to the multi-channel activity in a flexible manner. For throughput analysis, we devise a multi-channel p-persistent CSMA protocol that can emulate the multi-channel CSMA/CA protocol and then analyze its saturated throughput. The simulation and analysis results reveal that the proposed system performs far better than the single-channel CSMA/CA system while using the same total bandwidth and even close to the scheduled access system. Further, we examine how stringent time synchronization is required among the constituent stations in implementing of the OFDMA-based multi-channel CSMA/CA system.
Progressive time series visualization in a mobile environment (2004)

Beside their original functions, mobile devices are now enabled with increasing computational power and wireless communication technology that can facilitate many different applications. One valuable application is about the mobile access of financial data and a major task involved is to provide the historical stock price movement so that the market players can make appropriate investment decisions. However, due to the limitations of this new environment (e.g. screen size, bandwidth for data exchange, storage and computational power), adaptation is needed for time series visualization. In this paper, a progressive time series visualization method, with additional compression ability, for the mobile environment is proposed. The proposed method is based on a perceptually important point (PIP) identification scheme so that the time series data points can be disseminated in the order of importance for the changing (data access) requirements. The application of the proposed method to stock price time series visualization in mobile devices is demonstrated.
Precision agriculture: an integration of information technologies with farming (1997)

Precision agriculture or site specific farming is guiding farmers towards a new approach to their farm and resource management.It has been defined as 'farm management based upon variable soil and microclimate conditions within fields'.The development and integration of a range of technologies has enabled their application to agriculture.Precise positioning in real time via Global Positioning Systems (GPS), the use of digital maps, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and computers on-board agricultural vehicles are some of the main technologies.Currently, these technologies are providing ways to map fields and topographic features, navigate to sampling /scouting sites, monitor and map withinfield yield variations, apply variable agrochemical applications via prescription maps and allow parallel swath guidance.Automated record keeping is another significant benefit of precision farming, assisting with environmental compliance and management record keeping.Many other supporting technologies are being researched and applied to precise farm management.This paper presents an overview of current precision agricultural systems, where these technologies are progressing and discusses the potential and actual benefits of precision agriculture.
Nasal Potential Difference Measurements to Assess CFTR Ion Channel Activity (2011)

The Nasal potential difference measurement is used to measure the voltage across the nasal epithelium, which results from transepithelial ion transport and reflects in part CFTR function. The electrophysiologic abnormality in cystic fibrosis was first described 30 years ago and correlates with features of the CF phenotype. NPD measurement is an important in vivo research and diagnostic tool, and is used to assess the efficacy of new treatments such as gene therapy and ion transport modulators. This chapter will elaborate on the electrophysiological principles behind the test, the equipment required, the methods, and the analysis of the data.
The Development of the Flat-Knitted Shaped Uppers based on Ergonomics (2015)

Abstract To achieve the efficiency and specification of the flat-knitted uppers design, the basic patterns of uppers are made from shoe lasts based on the research on the characteristics of human’s feet and wearability requirements on uppers. The knitting technology for half-shaped and fully shaped uppers was formed after the shear deformation of basic pattern and combination with flat knitting technology. As regards to the functional requirements on key parts of uppers, the structures of flat-knitted shaped uppers were intensively analysed and studied, dividing them into two categories (functional structure and decorative structure), discussing the knitting methods and advantages of different structure, and finally experimentally proving that the planar pattern of flat knitted uppers can apply to the design of flat-knitted uppers and achieve the combination of functionality and artistry of sneakers after combining with structural changes, with a great significance on the achievement of the efficient production of uppers and the enhancement of its commercial value.
Assembly‐Controlled Biocompatible Interface on a Microchip: Strategy to Highly Efficient Proteolysis (2006)

A biocompatible interface was constructed on a microchip by using the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of charged polysaccharides incorporating proteases for highly efficient proteolysis. The controlled assembly of natural polyelectrolytes and the enzyme-adsorption step were monitored by using a quartz-crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Such a multilayer-assembled membrane provides a biocompatible interconnected network with high enzyme-loading capacity. The maximum digestion rate of the adsorbed trypsin in a microchannel was significantly accelerated to 1600 mM min(-1) microg(-1), compared with the tryptic digestion in solution. Based on the Langmuir isotherm model, the thermodynamic constant of adsorption K was calculated to be 1.6 x 10(5) M(-1) and the maximum adsorption loading Gammamax was 3.6 x 10(-6) mol m(-2), 30 times more than a monolayer of trypsin on the native surface. The tunable interface containing trypsin was employed to construct a microchip reactor for digestion of femtomoles of proteins and the produced peptides were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The efficient on-chip proteolysis was obtained within a few seconds, and the identification of biological samples was feasible.
Mobility-Assisted Covert Communication Over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2020)

We study the effect of node mobility on the throughput scaling of the covert communication over a wireless adhoc network. It is assumed that n mobile nodes want to communicate each other in a unit disk while keeping the presence of the communication secret from each of Θ(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sup> ) non-colluding wardens (s > 0). The wardens can be mobile or fixed. Our results show that the node mobility greatly improves the throughput scaling, compared to the case of fixed node location. In particular, for s ≤ 1, the aggregate throughput scaling, i.e., the maximally achievable throughput scaling of the total network when each source-destination pair communicates with the same rate, is shown to be arbitrarily close to linear in n when the number of channel uses l that each warden uses to judge the presence of communication is not too large compared to n. More specifically, the aggregate throughput scaling is arbitrarily close to linear when s ≤ 1 and l = O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(α-2)(1-s)</sup> ), where α ≥ 2 denotes the path loss exponent. For the achievability, we modify the two-hop based scheme by Grossglauser and Tse (2002), which was proposed for a wireless ad hoc network without a covertness constraint, by introducing a preservation region around each warden in which the senders are not allowed to transmit and by carefully analyzing the effect of covertness constraint on the transmit power and the resultant transmission rates. This scheme is shown to be optimal for 0 <; s ≤ 1 under an assumption that each node outside preservation regions around wardens uses the same transmit power.
A prediction model to estimate completeness of electronic physician claims databases (2015)

Comparing observed and predicted disease cases is a useful and generalisable approach to assess the quality of electronic databases for population-based research and surveillance.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β‐Keto Esters using Chiral Diphosphine‐Ruthenium Complexes: Optimization for Academic and Industrial Purposes and Synthetic Applications (2003)

Abstract Enantioselective hydrogenation using chiral complexes between atropisomeric diphosphines and ruthenium is a powerful tool for producing chiral compounds. Using a simple and straightforward in situ catalyst preparation, the conditions were optimized using molecular hydrogen for both academic and industrial purposes. This led to the best conditions and the lowest catalytic ratio required for the pressure used. Hydrogenation of various β‐keto esters was efficiently performed at atmospheric and higher pressures, leading to the use of very low catalyst‐substrate ratios up to 1/20,000. Asymmetric hydrogenations were used in key‐steps towards the total synthesis of corynomycolic acid, Duloxetine and Fluoxetine.
Control of allergic reactivity in human filariasis. Predominant localization of blocking antibody to the IgG4 subclass (1992)

Patients with chronic helminth infections, despite having abundant basophils and mast cells specifically sensitized with antiparasite IgE and often exposed repeatedly to parasite Ag, rarely manifest allergic symptoms. This control of clinical allergic reactivity likely results from Ag-specific IgG "blocking antibodies" shown previously to be abundant in the sera of such patients. In the present study we used two approaches to determine in which of the four IgG subclasses this blocking activity was localized. First, specific antifilarial antibodies of each of the four IgG subclasses were quantified in the sera of 28 patients with Bancroftian filariasis and correlated with the levels of blocking activity in these sera (determined by histamine release assays). A significant correlation with blocking activity was seen only for antibodies of the IgG4 subclass, and, indeed, the correlation was especially strong in the group of totally asymptomatic patients (but with microfilariae circulating in the blood) in whom blocking antibody levels were highest. Interestingly, however, if the analysis excluded these asymptomatic microfilaremic patients and focused instead on those with lymphatic inflammatory pathology (who had relatively low levels of both serum blocking activity and specific IgG4 antibodies), then the small amount of blocking activity found in these sera correlated only with the levels of IgG1 subclass antibodies. The second approach utilized selective depletion of IgG4 (by anti-IgG4 affinity columns) from the sera of three microfilaremic patients with high levels of blocking activity and demonstrated clearly that removal of IgG4 abolished the majority of the blocking activity in these sera (53, 78, and 81%). These two sets of findings demonstrate a predominant role for specific IgG4 antibodies in blocking IgE-mediated allergic responses to the parasite Ag in vitro, but they also indicate that in some situations IgG1 antibodies can block such reactions. Furthermore, the correlation demonstrated between patients' clinical presentations and the levels of both their specific IgG4 antibodies and serum blocking activity suggests that these antibodies play a similar role in vivo as well.
The Effect of Impurities on Oxidation in Supercritical CO2 at 750°C (2023)

Both indirect- and direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles for high efficiency power generation are expected to have impurities that may greatly alter the compatibility of structural alloys in these environments. However, the laboratory data on this subject are limited and inconclusive. For indirect applications, comparison 500-h cycles were conducted at 750°C at 1 and 300 bar with research grade and industrial-grade (higher possible impurities) CO2. The mass change results suggest only limited differences between these conditions for exposures up to 5,000 h. For direct-fired or open cycles, a test rig is being assembled to conduct similar exposures at 750°C/300 bar in CO2+1%O2-0.25%H2O. Commercial Fe- and Ni-base structural alloys were exposed in each environment and reaction products have been characterized after 1,000, 2,500 and 5,000 h exposures.
Redirected walking (2001)

There are many different techniques for allowing users to specify locomotion in human-scale, immersive virtual environments. These include flying with a hand-controller, using a treadmill, walking-in-place, and others. 
Real walking, where the user actually and physically walks in the lab, and virtually moves the same distance and in the same direction in the virtual scene, is better than flying. It is more input-natural, does not require learning a new interface, results in a greater sense of presence, and theoretically results in less simulator sickness. 
One serious problem with real walking, however, is that the size of the virtual scene is limited by the size of tracked area. For example, for an architect to really walk in a virtual prototype of a house, the tracked area must be as large as the house. This requirement makes real walking infeasible for many facilities and virtual scenes. 
To address this limitation, I have developed Redirected Walking, which by interactively and imperceptibly rotating the virtual scene around her, makes the user turn herself. Under the right conditions, Redirected Walking would cause the user to unknowingly walk in circles in the lab, while thinking she is walking in a straight and infinitely long path in the virtual scene. 
In this dissertation I develop Redirection, discuss its theoretical and physiological underpinnings, and presents results to show that it can be used: (1) to make the user turn themselves, (2) without causing the user to be aware of Redirection, (3) without unacceptably increasing the user's level of simulator sickness and, most importantly, (4) to useful effect: (A) In head-mounted display systems, the user can experience a virtual scene larger than the lab while also having the benefits of real walking. (B) In an open-backed, three-walled CAVE, users can have the increased presence and input-naturalness normally associated with a fully enclosed CAVE. 
I also present guidelines for VE practitioners wishing to use Redirection, based on the theory and observations reported in this dissertation.
Decisions in Global Sourcing and Supply: Deep Red Canning Co. (2005)

The case is written for a senior undergraduate agribusiness course. Based on collaboration between The Ohio State University and Sokoine University of Agriculture in Tanzania, the case addresses the instructional needs of agribusiness students in both the US and in the developing world setting. For instance, in the US scenario, the case explores global procurement strategies and the interactions and decisions necessary in implementing alternative sourcing strategies. From the Tanzanian perspective, the case examines Africa's capacity building problem and the transition from home based cottage industries to competitors in the global market place.
Wearable Wireless Sensor for Multi-Scale Physiological Monitoring (2013)

Abstract : One of the aims of Year 1 of the project was to develop a prototype multi-channel pulse oximeter that can be used to collect physiological data from multiple body locations to combat motion artifact contamination. Specifically, the aim was to investigate if a motion artifact-free signal can be obtained in at least one of the multi-channels at any given time. Towards this aim, we have developed a prototype 6-photodetector reflectance-based pulse oximeter and preliminary results show that good signals can be obtained in one of the multi-channels at any given time. A conference proceedings paper describing detailed results is provided with the annual report. The second major aim of the project was to develop a motion and noise detection algorithm and a separate algorithm for the reconstruction of the motion and noise contaminated portion of the data. For detection of motion and noise artifacts, we have successfully developed an accurate and real-time realizable algorithm. Moreover, our detection algorithm is able to discriminate between severely and moderately corrupted data. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting severely corrupted data was found to be 98.7% and 92.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting moderately corrupted data was found to be 94.4% and 90.4%, respectively. Comparison of our detection algorithm to some of the gold standard algorithms showed that our algorithm is far superior to the latter methods. For reconstruction of the motion and noise corrupted data segments, we have successfully developed an algorithm which significantly outperforms a gold standard method. It was found that our reconstruction algorithm consistently provides accurate estimations of the reconstructed motion and noise artifact contaminated signal s heart rates and oxygen saturation values when verified with the reference signal.
Simulation demonstrates economics of minnelusa polymer floods (1991)

Defining some variables with a probability distribution can establish more precisely the economic value of such projects as polymer flooding in the Minnelusa formation. An enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) project often presents a difficult investment decision. The substantial risks and performance uncertainties must be carefully weighted against the investment costs. a Monte Carlo simulation model was used to characterize the incremental economics of a Minnelusa polymer flood. The principal questions addressed in this paper are: What is the likelihood of the EOR project being an economic success What is the expected economic benefit of the polymer flood With representative field parameters and price projections, the typical Minnelusa polymer flood was found to have a 93% chance of economic success. The expected monetary value (EMV) for the project is $1.6 million. This expected net gain results from the incremental cost of about $50,000 for additional surface equipment and about $480,000 for chemicals. Although each project must be evaluated on its own merits, these results present a strong case of considering polymer-augmented floods in the Minnelusa.
Innovations in High-Pressure Liquid Injection Technique for Gas Chromatography: Pressurized Liquid Injection System (2003)

In gas chromatography (GC), highly volatile liquefied hydrocarbons are commonly injected using devices such as high-pressure syringes, piston valves, liquid rotary sampling valves, or vaporizing regulators. Although these techniques are adequate in some cases, there are known deficiencies. A new generation of sampling valve has been recently innovated and commercialized. Some of the highlights of the pressurized liquid injection system (PLIS) include compact size, the capability to directly couple to an injection port without the need for preinjection vaporization and transfer lines, and sample sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 micro L. Although the valve has a specification of helium leak-free rating of 82.7 bar (1200 psig), the valve passes a hydrostatic pressure test of up to 414 bar (6000 psig). In the unheated version of PLIS, vaporization of solutes occur mainly because of the sheering effect of carrier gas in combination with thermal energy drawn from an injection port or a heated adaptor. This was found to be adequate for solutes with high to medium volatility of up to nC14 hydrocarbon. A higher molecular weight range of up to nC44 hydrocarbon can be achieved with the implementation of a heated version of PLIS, in which the channel of the shaft can be resistively heated at a rate of up to 400 degrees C/s. With its first introduction in May 2002, PLIS has gained acceptance amongst practitioners in GC because it addresses a key unarticulated need in sample introduction/enrichment and by specifically targeting many deficiencies encountered in contemporary high-pressure injection devices. In this paper, the design and performance of the various valve systems of PLIS, as well as industrial chromatographic applications, is presented.
An evidence-based review of decompressive surgery in acute spinal cord injury: rationale, indications, and timing based on experimental and clinical studies (1999)

There is biological evidence from experimental studies in animals that early decompressive surgery may improve neurological recovery after SCI, although the relevant interventional timing in humans remains unclear. To date, the role of surgical decompression in patients with SCI is only supported by Class III and limited Class II evidence. Accordingly, decompressive surgery for SCI can only be considered a practice option. Furthermore, analysis of the literature does not allow definite conclusions to be drawn regarding appropriate timing of intervention. Hence, there is a need to conduct well-designed experimental and clinical studies of the timing and neurological results of decompressive surgery for the treatment of acute SCI.
[Obesity and the central nervous system regulation]. (2001)

There are increasing evidences to show that central nervous system is involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Energy intake is usually matched to energy expenditure over a period of time. Obesity occurs when the amount of energy intake (or food intake) is more than the energy expenditure. Because of the enormous tolls on human health taken by obesity and related disorders, an improved understanding of the control of food intake is an important priority. The aim of this article is to briefly review the advances in recent years on long-term maintenance of energy homeostasis and the role of central nervous system. In the present review, the following contents are included: (1) satiety and its production, (2) adiposity signals and the regulation of food intake, (3) nuclei in central nervous system involved in food intake, (4) the first- and the second-order neuronal signaling in hypothalamus on control of food intake and (5) clinic implications.
Dethymicin, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from an Amycolatopsis. Fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities. (1992)

In the course of screening for immunomodulators inhibiting the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLCR), we found a novel immunosuppressant, dethymicin in mycelium of Amycolatopsis mediterranei MI710-51F6. From physico-chemical properties and biological activity it is different from immunosuppressants produced by microorganisms such as cyclosporins, FK506 and rapamycin. It inhibited immune responses in vitro and in vivo, and prolonged skin allograft in rats.