gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody purification: choice of method and assessment of purity and yield. (1989)

In this article we discuss our choices of monoclonal antibody separation methods for the applications which face us most frequently. We explain the rationale behind these choices, to help other users make their own choices. The review is intended to be brief and selective; references to detailed reviews are provided.
Uplink load estimation in WCDMA (2004)

All cellular radio systems have radio resource management algorithms which rely on some sort of resource quantity. In the uplink of a WCDMA system, a natural choice of such a quantity is the uplink noise rise, i.e., total received power over noise power. Unfortunately this quantity is hard to measure. In this paper, we propose and evaluate four different noise rise estimates. The best performing estimate provides an average error of less than 1 dB for practical load levels. Due to low standard deviation of single estimates it is possible to apply a simple error correction algorithm.
Endogenous digitalislike compounds. A tentative update of chemical and biological studies. (1987)

Endogenous digitalislike compound (or compounds) has been described as involved in some diseases. Questions remain concerning its chemical nature, origin, and biological properties. The methods of measuring the compound are based on biological properties of digitalis, mainly Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) inhibition and related properties. Chemically, digitalislike compound has been described as a peptide, as fatty acids, and as a steroid. Its origin could be the brain, particularly the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The adrenal glands were also proposed as its origin. The reported biological properties of digitalislike compound are mainly dependent on Na+, K+-ATPase inhibition. No definitive conclusions can be drawn from the available data.
A USIM Compatible 5G AKA Protocol with Perfect Forward Secrecy (2015)

In this paper, we present constructions for 3GPP Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) that provides Perfect Forward Secrecy for the session key. Further, the constructs prevents an attacker, with access to the long-term pre-shared key, from simply eavesdropping the challenge RAND in the AKA run, and use the RAND and long-term pre-shared key to derive the session key. We focus on making it possible to re-use large portions of the current structure of 3GPP interfaces and functions, with the rationale that this will make the constructions more likely to be adopted by the industry. In particular, the constructions maintain the interface between the Universal Subscriber Identification Module (USIM) and the mobile terminal intact. As a consequence, there is no need to roll out new credentials to existing subscribers.
Zeolites as Selective Adsorbents for CO<sub>2</sub> Separation (2023)

Zeolites are a very versatile class of materials that can display selective CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption behavior and thus find applications in carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCSU). In this contribution, the properties of zeolites as CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbents are reviewed by critically presenting and discussing their assets and limitations. For this purpose, we first provide an overview of the CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption mechanisms on different types of zeolites. Then, we systematically discuss the relationship between the physicochemical properties of zeolites (framework type, Si/Al ratio, and extra-framework cations) and their performance as CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbents for the separation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> (biogas) and CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> (flue gas) mixtures. Based on the trends and properties identified, we provide a comparison of the different zeolites and highlight their advantages and drawbacks for applicability in CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption. Finally, we present the state of the art in the shaping of zeolites in macroscopic format, which is a key step toward their industrial utilization as adsorbents.
Developmental patterns of ganglioside sialosylation coincident with neuritogenesis in cultured embryonic chick brain neurons. (1992)

Chick brain precursor neurons were observed to introduce sialic acid biosynthetically into only three specific gangliosides: monosialosyl lactosyl ceramide (GM3), disialosyl lactosyl ceramide (GD3), and disialosyl gangliotrihexosyl ceramide (GD2), when sialic acid was labeled metabolically by its obligate precursor, [3H] ManNAc. Sialosyl donor CMP-[3H]NeuAc supplied in the culture medium gave rise uniquely to surface-labeled GD3. Thus sialosyl transferase/GD3 synthase activity is expressed both intraneuronally and in the neuronal exofacial surface. Upon epidermal growth factor-induced onset of neurite outgrowth, labeled complex sialosyl gangliotetrahexosyl ceramide species of gangliosides began to appear in the embryonic neuronal plasma membrane. However, intraneuronal and exofacial sialosyl transferase/GD3 synthase activities remained constant, with or without neurite outgrowth. Moreover, simpler species of gangliosides maintained a steady quantitative sialosyl level (1.6 +/- 0.2 micrograms of sialic acid/mg of protein), whereas more complex species completely absent before neurite outgrowth accrued and reached 4.8 +/- 0.9 micrograms of sialic acid/mg of protein with full neurite development. This analysis of developmental patterns of ganglioside sialosylation has provided evidence that stable neurite outgrowth depends upon generation by the neuron of special plasma membrane with a massive content of complex higher species of gangliosides.
Calculating dense disparity maps from color stereo images, an efficient implementation (2002)

This paper presents an efficient implementation for correlation based stereo. Research in this area can roughly be divided in two classes: improving accuracy regardless of computing time and scene reconstruction in real-time. Algorithms achieving video frame rates must have strong limitations in image size and disparity search range, whereas high quality results often need several minutes per image pair. This paper tries to fill the gap, it provides instructions how to implement correlation based disparity calculation with high speed and reasonable quality that can be used in a wide range of applications or to provide an initial solution for more sophisticated methods. Left-right consistency checking and uniqueness validation are used to eliminate false matches. Optionally, a fast median filter can be applied to the results to further remove outliers. Source code will be made publicly available as contribution to the Open Source Computer Vision Library, further acceleration with SIMD instructions is planned for the near future.
Characterisation of metal coated polymer balls for BGA and CSP applications (2009)

A metal-coated ball based on a polymer core is under development for chip scale packaging (CSP) and ball grid array (BGA) applications. Different polymer cores have been produced and evaluated in order to optimise the mechanical properties of the ball. From a range of candidates with highly diverse properties, a candidate material has been proposed. This decision is based on a combination of a very low thermal expansion coefficient of 25 ppM/0C and E-modulus, which is of the order of 600 MPa.
Brittle and Ductile Behavior in Carbon Nanotubes (1998)

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the response of carbon nanotubes to a tensile load. Plastic or brittle behaviors can occur depending upon the external conditions and tube symmetry. All tubes are brittle at high strain and low temperature, while at low strain and high temperature armchair $(n,n)$ nanotubes can be completely or partially ductile. In zigzag $(n,0)$ tubes ductile behavior is expected for tubes with $n<14$, while larger tubes are completely brittle. In both cases the curvature determines the mechanical response.
Absolute scale of second-order nonlinear-optical coefficients (1997)

The absolute scale of the second-order nonlinear-optical coefficients of several important nonlinear-optical materials has been obtained with improved accuracy. Second-harmonic generation, parametric fluorescence, and difference-frequency generation measurements have been made at several wavelengths in the near-infrared region. The second-harmonic generation measurement was performed at the fundamental wavelengths of 1.548, 1.533, 1.313, 1.064, and 0.852 µm. The materials measured included congruent LiNbO3,1%MgO:LiNbO3,5%MgO:LiNbO3,LiTaO3,KNbO3,KTiOPO4,KH2PO4, quartz, GaAs, GaP, α-ZnS, CdS, ZnSe, and CdTe. We made the parametric fluorescence measurement to determine the nonlinear-optical coefficients of congruent LiNbO3 and 5%MgO:LiNbO3 at pump wavelengths of 0.532 and 0.488 µm. We made the difference-frequency generation measurement for congruent LiNbO3 at a pump wavelength of 0.532 µm. The second-harmonic generation, parametric fluorescence, and difference-frequency generation measurements yielded consistent data on the nonlinear-optical coefficients of the materials. We found that many of the currently accepted standard values are overestimated because of neglect of the multiple-reflection effect in (nearly) plane-parallel-plate samples. The dispersion of the nonlinear-optical coefficients showed that Miller’s Δ is barely constant over the wavelength range measured and thus that Miller’s rule is not so good as other methods for wavelength scaling of the nonlinear-optical coefficients.
Schizophrenia: glutathione deficit in cerebrospinal fluid and prefrontal cortex in vivo (2000)

Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disease, which affects the centre of the personality, with severe problems of perception, cognition as well as affective and social behaviour. In cerebrospinal fluid of drug-free schizophrenic patients, a significant decrease in the level of total glutathione (GSH) by 27% (P<0.05) was observed as compared to controls, in keeping with the reported reduced level of its metabolite gamma-glutamylglutamine. With a new non-invasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy methodology, GSH level in medial prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients was found to be 52% (P = 0.0012) lower than in controls. GSH plays a fundamental role in protecting cells from damage by reactive oxygen species generated among others by the metabolism of dopamine. A deficit in GSH would lead to degenerative processes in the surrounding of dopaminergic terminals resulting in loss of connectivity. GSH also potentiates the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor response to glutamate, an effect presumably reduced by a GSH deficit, leading to a situation similar to the application of phencyclidine (PCP). Thus, a GSH hypothesis might integrate many established biological aspects of schizophrenia.
Grippers for flexible textiles (1991)

Within the scope of a research project the Institute of Textile Research and Chemical Engineering Denkendorf (ITV) tested different gripper and isolating systems that are on the market. The paper reports in brief form the research findings which also represent the level of technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microgrids Operation Based on Master–Slave Cooperative Control (2014)

Low-voltage microgrids can be seen as the basic tiles of the smart grid patchwork owing to their capability to efficiently manage the distributed energy resources (DERs) in aggregate form. They can support the grid in terms of demand response, power quality, ride through capability, and at the same time, they can ensure electrical continuity to the loads, even in case of grid failure. This paper describes a simple and effective approach to manage microgrids by synergistic control of the power electronic interfaces acting therein, i.e., the utility interface (UI), installed at the point of common coupling with the utility and the energy gateways (EGs), interfacing the DERs with the distribution grid. The proposed master-slave control uses the UI as control master for the EGs. In grid-connected operation, the UI performs as a grid-supporting unit and dispatches active and reactive power references to the EGs so as to improve energy efficiency and power quality; in islanded operation, the UI performs as a grid-forming voltage source and ensures the power balance by exploiting every power source and energy storage unit available in the microgrid. This paper discusses the theoretical background, architecture, and algorithms of the proposed master-slave control and demonstrates the resulting microgrid performance by means of simulation and experimental results.
Synthesis and fluorescent properties of a new photostable thiol reagent “BACM” (1990)

Abstract The 3‐maleimidocoumarin BACM ( 2d ) is a new tag designed to react with thiols in biological materials to form fluorescent derivatives whose emission is in the 500 nm (green) region with good resistance to fading. The fluorescence properties of its N ‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine derivative are described. BACM itself is non‐fluorescent, as is its predecessor, DACM ( 1a ). A synthesis of BACM is reported which avoids the formation of nitrocoumarin isomers obtained in the reported synthesis of DACM. The synthesis of the related 3‐(4‐maleimidophenyl)coumarin is also described.
Effects of amino acid replacements within the tetrabasic cleavage site on the processing of the human insulin receptor precursor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1990)

We have studied the specificity requirements for processing of the human insulin proreceptor by successively replacing each basic amino acid in the tetrabasic cleavage site with alanine. These mutated receptor cDNAs have then been overexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, using vectors containing the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene to amplify the transfected cDNAs in the presence of increasing concentrations of methotrexate. High levels of expression, ranging up to 6 x 10(7) receptors/cell were achieved in these experiments. Replacement of the P1 arginine with alanine led to the complete suppression of processing, as occurs also in a naturally occurring serine mutation at this site (Yoshimasa, Y., Seino, S., Whittaker, J., Kakehi, T., Kosaki, A., Kuzuya, H., Imura, H., Bell, G. I., and Steiner, D. F. (1988) Science 240, 783-787). A small amount of cleavage at alternative sites was detected. Replacement of the P2 arginine or P3 lysine with alanine did not in either case affect conversion to mature alpha and beta subunits, while replacement of the P4 arginine significantly inhibited processing. The binding isotherms for the processed versions of the receptor were comparable to previously published normal values. The unprocessed proreceptor bound insulin normally but was autophosphorylated less efficiently than processed versions of the receptor expressed in the same cells. These results suggest that a single processing protease with trypsin-like specificity may be involved in processing both insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor precursors as well as a variety of viral envelope glycoprotein precursors.
A system architecture for reconfigurable trusted platforms (2008)

For improving the security of embedded systems, trusted computing is a promising technology. For the area of microprocessors in general and personal computers in particular the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) has published detailed specifications. The resulting hardware has been available for some years. This contribution discusses the feasibility of deploying ideas from trusted computing in the domain of reconfigurable hardware, esp. FPGAs, and possible benefits and drawbacks. We give a proposal to use actually available FPGA technology to build a trusted platform on reconfigurable hardware. We also show how trusted computing can deal with partial dynamic reconfiguration while still allowing the user to fully exploit its potentials.
Expression and Localization of P-glycoprotein in Human Heart (2002)

ABC-type transport proteins, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), modify intracellular concentrations of many substrate compounds. They serve as functional barriers against entry of xenobiotics (e.g., in the gut or the blood-brain barrier) or contribute to drug excretion. Expression of transport proteins in the heart could be an important factor modifying cardiac concentrations of drugs known to be transported by P-gp (e.g., beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides, doxorubicin). We therefore investigated the expression and localization of P-gp in human heart. Samples from 15 human hearts (left ventricle; five non-failing, five dilated cardiomyopathy, and five ischemic cardiomyopathy) were analyzed for expression of P-gp using real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of P-gp in endothelium of both arterioles and capillaries of all heart samples. Although P-gp mRNA was detected in all samples, its expression level was significantly reduced in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We describe variable expression of P-gp in human heart and its localization in the endothelial wall. Thus, intracardiac concentrations of various compounds may be modified, depending on the individual P-gp level.
Phase II study of the irinotecan (CPT‐11), mitoxantrone and dexamethasone regimen in elderly patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (2006)

We treated elderly patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) using a CMD (CPT-11, mitoxantrone [MIT], dexamethasone [DEX]) regimen and studied its safety and efficacy. The subjects were 70-79-year-old patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL. CPT-11 at 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2, MIT at 8 mg/m2 on day 3, and DEX at 40 mg/day on days 1-3 were administered once every 3 weeks, and this was performed for six cycles. Eleven (37%) of the 30 patients achieved complete remission and seven patients (23%) achieved partial remission. With a median follow-up period of 32 months, the 3-year survival rate was 28.2% and the 3-year progression-free survival rate was 17.5%. The main adverse drug reaction was hematological toxicity and there were no deaths related to the treatment. B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin T levels did not increase after the treatment and none of the patients showed electrocardiogram or echocardiogram abnormalities. Our results indicate that the CMD regimen is safe in elderly patients and no cardiotoxicities developed as a result of this regimen. In addition, it was effective in patients who had previously been treated with doxorubicin and good treatment results were obtained in elderly patients with relapsed PTCL.
<title>Curvature-based laser guide star adaptive optics system for Gemini South</title> (2000)

The Gemini Observatory and University of Hawaii are planning to install an 85-element curvature adaptive optics system with a laser guide star system on its Cerro Pachon telescope in 2001. This paper discusses the motivation, issues on implementing a laser guide star with a curvature-based system, the implementation of a laser guide star based on a commercially available 2W ring-dye laser, and the expected performance of the system. Detailed simulations show very promising results for system performance down to natural guide star magnitudes of 19 - 20th magnitude. The performance cross- over point between NGS and LGS is between 13 - 16th magnitude depending on the performance parameter of interest (e.g. Strehl, energy through a slit, etc.).
Single base-pair substitutions in exon-intron junctions of human genes: nature, distribution, and consequences for mRNA splicing (2006)

Although single base-pair substitutions in splice junctions constitute at least 10% of all mutations causing human inherited disease, the factors that determine their phenotypic consequences at the RNA level remain to be fully elucidated. Employing a neural network for splice-site recognition, we performed a meta-analysis of 478 disease-associated splicing mutations, in 38 different genes, for which detailed laboratory-based mRNA phenotype assessment had been performed. Inspection of the ±50-bp DNA sequence context of the mutations revealed that exon skipping was the preferred phenotype when the immediate vicinity of the affected exon–intron junctions was devoid of alternative splice-sites. By contrast, in the presence of at least one such motif, cryptic splice-site utilization, became more prevalent. This association was, however, confined to donor splice-sites. Outside the obligate dinucleotide, the spatial distribution of pathological mutations was found to differ significantly from that of SNPs. Whereas disease-associated lesions clustered at positions –1 and +3 to +6 for donor sites and –3 for acceptor sites, SNPs were found to be almost evenly distributed over all sequence positions considered. When all putative missense mutations in the vicinity of splice-sites were extracted from the Human Gene Mutation Database for the 38 studied genes, a significantly higher proportion of changes at donor sites (37/152; 24.3%) than at acceptor splice-sites (1/142; 0.7%) was found to reduce the neural network signal emitted by the respective splice-site. Based upon these findings, we estimate that some 1.6% of disease-causing missense substitutions in human genes are likely to affect the mRNA splicing phenotype. Taken together, our results are consistent with correct donor splice-site recognition being a key step in exon recognition. Hum Mutat 28(2), 150–158, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tourism and sustainable development goals: research on sustainable tourism geographies (2020)

Since the turn of the 1990s many international development and policy-making organisations have perceived the tourism industry with its local and regional connections as a high-potential tool for putting sustainable development into practice. Recently, the capacity of tourism to work for sustainable development has been highlighted in relation to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were adopted in 2015. This connection underlines the importance and responsibility of tourism as one of the world’s biggest industries to contribute and make a difference to sustainable development both locally and globally. The SDGs define the agenda for global development to 2030 by addressing pertinent challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, and peace and justice. Tourism geographers and allied disciplines have held strong and long-term interest in sustainability issues and have contributed significantly to this emerging and highly policy-relevant research field. Existing scholarship on sustainable tourism demonstrates the rich body of research that provides a fertile and critical ground for studies on the SDGs by tourism geographers and other social scientists in the future.
Blocking Blood Flow to Solid Tumors by Destabilizing Tubulin: An Approach to Targeting Tumor Growth (2016)

The unique characteristics of the tumor vasculature offer the possibility to selectively target tumor growth and vascularization using tubulin-destabilizing agents. Evidence accumulated with combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and its prodrug CA-4P support the therapeutic value of compounds sharing this mechanism of action. However, the chemical instability and poor solubility of CA-4 demand alternative compounds that are able to surmount these limitations. This Perspective illustrates the different classes of compounds that behave similar to CA-4, analyzes their binding mode to αβ-tubulin according to recently available structural complexes, and includes described approaches to improve their delivery. In addition, dissecting the mechanism of action of CA-4 and analogues allows a closer insight into the advantages and drawbacks associated with these tubulin-destabilizing agents that behave as vascular disrupting agents (VDAs).