gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power theft localisation using voltage measurements from distribution feeder nodes (2017)

In this study, a novel algorithm to locate regions in a distribution feeder, where power is being illegally tapped, is proposed. The basic requirements of the algorithm are voltage measuring devices located at distribution feeder nodes or transformers that can communicate data to the distribution substation. Initially, how voltage magnitude difference between successive nodes in a feeder can help identify possible locations of illegal tapping is shown. The technique is further refined by a normalised voltage double difference method, to pin‐point the exact location of power theft. The algorithm does not require network parameters. Simulations are performed on the IEEE 34 node test feeder, to demonstrate the efficacy of this method.
A NOVEL STRONTIUM-SELECTIVE EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHIC RESIN* (1992)

ABSTRACT The effect of nitric acid concentration on the selectivity of a novel extraction chromatographic resin consisting of an octanol solution of 4,4′(5′)-bis(t-butyl-cyclohexano)-18-crown-6 sorbed on an inert polymeric support for strontium over a number of alkali, alkaline earth, and other metal cations was evaluated. The effect of macro quantities of selected elements on strontium retention by the resin was also examined. The resin is shown to exhibit excellent selectivity for strontium over nearly all of the test elements; only lead and tetravalent neptunium, polonium, and plutonium show significant affinity for the material. In addition, concentrations of calcium or sodium ion up to ∼ 0.1 M. are shown not to diminish the sorption of strontium appreciably. Several useful radiochemical separation schemes devised on the basis of the results obtained are described.
Reduced space channel feedback for FD-MIMO (2015)

To support downlink full-dimension (FD-MIMO) in FDD scenarios, an accurate yet reasonably efficient channel-state-information (CSI) feedback scheme is required to harness the potential beamforming gain offered by the use of a large number of antenna elements in a 2D active antenna array. In this paper, a reduced-spaced channel quantization and feedback scheme which exploits slow variation of the angle-of-departure (AoD) distribution is proposed. By perceiving the instantaneous spatial channel to be a linear combination of slowly varying subset of matrices, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme offers up to 62.5% dimensionality reduction with negligible throughput loss in 16-antenna FD-MIMO system. When used together with vector quantization, the proposed scheme offers substantial gain over that supported by 3GPP LTE.
Methanation process utilizing split cold gas recycle. [3 claims] (1976)

In the methanation of feed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen in multiple stages, the feed gas, cold recycle gas, and hot product gas is mixed in such proportions that the mixture is at a temperature sufficienty high to avoid carbonyl formation and to initiate the reaction and, so that upon complete reaction of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen, an excessive adiabatic temperature will not be reached. Catalyst damage by high or low temperatures is thereby avoided with a process that utilizes extraordinarily low recycle ratios and a minimum of investment in operating costs. 3 claims, 1 figure.
Organic films deposited on Si <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junctions: Accurate measurements of fluorescence internal efficiency, and application to luminescent antireflection coatings (1996)

Ultraviolet (UV) optical pumping followed by fluorescence wavelength downconversion of thin film organic light emitting materials deposited directly on the surface of Si p-n junction diodes is found to be an accurate and rapid means to determine the film internal fluorescence efficiency. By measuring the photoresponse of the Si detectors in the UV, we find that the organic light emitting films of aluminum tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3), N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl)- 1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine, and bis-(8-hydroxyquinaldine)-chlorogallium (Gaq2′Cl), have internal fluorescence efficiencies of 0.30±0.05, 0.35±0.03, and 0.36±0.03, respectively. It has also been found that the organic films can be grown to a thickness which optimizes UV light conversion and can, at the same time, serve as antireflection coatings in the visible spectral region, thereby resulting in enhanced Si photodiode sensitivity extending from the UV to the infrared.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity in chemical vapor deposition diamond (1992)

The thermal conductivity of thick-film diamond prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been measured with heat flowing in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the film. A laser flash technique with fast infrared detection has been devised for measurement of thin samples with high conductivity. The conductivity perpendicular to the plane is observed to be at least 50% greater than with heat flowing parallel to the plane. This anisotropy is attributed to low-quality grain boundaries in the columnar microstructure. The observed dependence of the thermal conductivity on microstructure has important implications for thermal management of microelectronic devices with CVD diamond.
Conversion from Archaeal Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase to Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase (1997)

Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) are precursors for a variety of important natural products, such as sterols, carotenoids, and prenyl quinones. Although FPP synthase and GGPP synthase catalyze similar consecutive condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate with allylic diphosphates and have several homologous regions in their amino acid sequences, nothing is known about how these enzymes form the specific products. To locate the region that causes the difference of final products between GGPP synthase and FPP synthase, we constructed six mutated archaeal GGPP synthases whose regions around the first aspartate-rich motif were replaced with the corresponding regions of FPP synthases from human, rat, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and from some other related mutated enzymes. From the analysis of these mutated enzymes, we revealed that the region around the first aspartate-rich motif is essential for the product specificity of all FPP synthases and that the mechanism of the chain termination in eukaryotic FPP synthases (type I) is different from those of prokaryotic FPP synthases (type II). In FPP synthases of type I, two amino acids situated at the fourth and the fifth positions before the motif solely determine their product chain length, while the product specificity of the type II enzymes is determined by one aromatic amino acid at the fifth position before the motif, two amino acids inserted in the motif, and other modifications. These data indicate that FPP synthases have evolved from the progenitor corresponding to the archaeal GGPP synthase in two ways.
Effects of scaling the film thickness on the ferroelectric properties of SrBi2Ta2O9 ultra thin films (2003)

We have investigated the effect of reducing the thickness of strontium bismuth tantalate film to as low as 25 nm on its ferroelectric characteristics. A degradation of ferroelectric properties such as significant reduction in remanent polarization is generally observed with reduction in film thickness, in particular below 100 nm. This has been overcome by using a modified deposition process sequence and a crystallization technique based completely on the rapid thermal annealing process. The resulting ultrathin films show good remanent polarization, low-voltage saturation, low leakage current, high breakdown strength, and good endurance. These films demonstrate the potential for scaling and are excellent candidates for several generations of ferroelectric random access memory applications.
Overfeeding Saturated Fat Increases LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Aggregation Susceptibility While Overfeeding Unsaturated Fat Decreases Proteoglycan-Binding of Lipoproteins (2021)

The type of fat during 3 weeks of overfeeding is an important determinant of the characteristics and functional properties of plasma lipoproteins in humans.
Benchtop Fabrication of Submicrometer Metal Line and Island Arrays Using Passivative Microcontact Printing and Electroless Plating (2003)

An entirely benchtop method of fabricating long‐range, planar arrays of discrete metal structures on glass or SiO 2 /Si surfaces without the use of e‐beam or photolithography, resist masks, or chemical etching is reported. This approach combines microcontact printing and directed electroless plating for the controlled deposition of islands or lines of gold or silver. The Figure shows gold lines ca. 50 nm in height deposited on a pre‐patterned glass surface.
Realtime performance-based facial animation (2011)

This paper presents a system for performance-based character animation that enables any user to control the facial expressions of a digital avatar in realtime. The user is recorded in a natural environment using a non-intrusive, commercially available 3D sensor. The simplicity of this acquisition device comes at the cost of high noise levels in the acquired data. To effectively map low-quality 2D images and 3D depth maps to realistic facial expressions, we introduce a novel face tracking algorithm that combines geometry and texture registration with pre-recorded animation priors in a single optimization. Formulated as a maximum a posteriori estimation in a reduced parameter space, our method implicitly exploits temporal coherence to stabilize the tracking. We demonstrate that compelling 3D facial dynamics can be reconstructed in realtime without the use of face markers, intrusive lighting, or complex scanning hardware. This makes our system easy to deploy and facilitates a range of new applications, e.g. in digital gameplay or social interactions.
Sonic levitation apparatus (1984)

A sonic levitation apparatus is disclosed which includes a sonic transducer which generates acoustical energy responsive to the level of an electrical amplifier. A duct communicates with an acoustical chamber to deliver an oscillatory motion of air to a plenum section which contains a collimated hole structure having a plurality of parallel orifices. The collimated hole structure converts the motion of the air to a pulsed. Unidirectional stream providing enough force to levitate a material specimen. Particular application to the production of microballoons in low gravity environment is discussed.
Raman and NIR Spectroscopic Methods for Determination of Total Dietary Fiber in Cereal Foods: Utilizing Model Differences (1998)

This work evaluates the complementarity in the predictive ability of three Raman and three near-infrared reflectance (NIRR) partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models for total dietary fiber (TDF) determinations of a diverse set of ground cereal food products. For each spectral type (R or N), models had previously been developed from smoothed (D0), first-derivative (D1), or second-derivative (D2) spectral data. The NIRR and Raman models tend to have very different sets of outliers and uncorrelated errors in TDF determination. For a single spectral type, the prediction errors of various preprocessing methods are partially complementary. The samples are very diverse in terms of composition, but the main problem groups were narrowed to high-fat, high-bran, and high-germ samples, as well as and those containing synthetic fiber additives. Raman models perform better on the high-fat samples, while NIRR models perform better with high-bran and high-synthetic samples. Raman models were better able to accommodate a wheat germ sample, even though this sample type was poorly represented by the calibration set. Two methods are presented for utilizing the complementarity of the spectral and processing techniques: one involves simple averaging of predictions and the other involves avoidance of outliers by using statistics generated from the sample spectrum to choose the best model(s) for determination of the TDF value. The single best model (N-D1) has a root-mean-squared prediction error of 2.4% TDF. The best model of prediction averages yields an error of 1.9% (combining N-D0, N-D1, N-D2, R-D0, and R-D1). An error of 1.9% was also obtained by choosing a single prediction from the six models by using statistics to avoid outliers. With the selection of the best three models and averaging their predictions, an error of 1.5% was achieved.
Mapping of the Leptin Binding Sites and Design of a Leptin Antagonist (2004)

The leptin/leptin receptor system shows strong similarities to the long-chain cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor cytokine/receptor systems. The IL-6 family cytokines interact with their receptors through three different binding sites I-III. The leptin structure was superposed on the crystal structures of several long-chain cytokines, and a series of leptin mutants was generated focusing on binding sites I-III. The effect of the mutations on leptin receptor (LR) signaling and on binding to the membrane proximal cytokine receptor homology domain (CRH2) of the LR was determined. Mutations in binding site I at the C terminus of helix D show a modest effect on signaling and do not affect binding to CRH2. Binding site II is composed of residues at the surface of helices A and C. Mutations in this site impair binding to CRH2 but have only limited effect on signaling. Site III mutations around the N terminus of helix D impair receptor activation without affecting binding to CRH2. We identified an S120A/T121A mutant in binding site III, which lacks any signaling capacity, but which still binds to CRH2 with wild type affinity. This leptin mutant behaves as a potent leptin antagonist both in vitro and in vivo.
Signal boosting to extend the bandwidth of oversampled converters (2016)

This paper presents a novel technique to extend the bandwidth of oversampled Analog-to-Digital Converters and a method to optimize their design to avoid instability, when oversampling has to be preserved and clock frequency cannot be increased. This proposal allows the converter to increase the resolution only introducing minor circuit modifications when processing input signals in the extended band or even in both bands concurrently is needed for different applications. The technique consists of boosting the signal in the extended band by modifying the signal transfer function of the converter and keeping the noise transfer function unaffected. An improvement of 6dB in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio is reached, which allows to maintain the order of the loop filter or the resolution of the quantizer, thus saving power consumption and silicon area.
Operational Issues Affecting the Practical Implemenatation of Pulse Detonation Engines (2006)

Pulsed detonation engines are slated to be the engines of the future promising better efficiencies and high Mach number applications. There are presently many centers of experimental PDE studies around the world. Most of the studies involve single shot and very short duration test runs. This paper looks at some of the issues faced by engineers studying PDEs, including issues that prevent longer duration testing, and offers some solutions that were developed during several years of PDE study. Some of the concerns investigated include the possibility of damage to the combustion chamber, auxiliary components, diagnostic devices, valves, ignition plugs and DDT enhancing devices, such as Shchelkin spirals, due to the innate extreme conditions of high heat and pressures found in PDEs. Viable solutions are offered that may help overcome these difficulties. Commercial solenoid valves and electronic fuel injectors are presented as the means to achieving higher operational frequencies. In addition, their modularity, low costs and their ability for precision digital control are clear advantages over heavier, more complex rotary or mechanical valving systems. Issues concerning data acquisition, such as proper implementing procedures for pressure transducers and choosing the appropriate sampling rates are discussed. A common concern during the data acquisition is the management of large amounts of data. Some simple and cost effective answers are proposed, such as implementing RAID for computing. EMI is a big concern for engineers in PDE studies because the instruments and devices used in the laboratories are sources of noise. Several solutions are pointed out to mitigate the effects of noise on the signals. Noise control should be looked at proactively during the design stage of the experimental set up because failing to do so can mean retroactive and sometimes costly modifications to experimental setup. Finally, some steps to improve safety during PDE studies are presented.
Innovating lifetime microscopy: a compact and simple tool for life sciences, screening, and diagnostics (2006)

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) allows the investigation of the physicochemical environment of fluorochromes and protein-protein interaction mapping by Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in living cells. However, simpler and cheaper solutions are required before this powerful analytical technique finds a broader application in the life sciences. Wide-field frequency-domain FLIM represents a solution whose application is currently limited by the need for multichannel-plate image intensifiers. We recently showed the feasibility of using a charge-coupled device/complementory metal-oxide semiconductor (CCD/CMOS) hybrid lock-in imager, originally developed for 3-D vision, as an add-on device for lifetime measurements on existing wide-field microscopes. In the present work, the performance of the setup is validated by comparison with well-established wide-field frequency-domain FLIM measurements. Furthermore, we combine the lock-in imager with solid-state light sources. This results in a simple, inexpensive, and compact FLIM system, operating at a video rate and capable of single-shot acquisition by virtue of the unique parallel retrieval of two phase-dependent images. This novel FLIM setup is used for cellular and FRET imaging, and for high-throughput and fast imaging applications. The all-solid-state design bridges the technological gap that limits the use of FLIM in areas such as drug discovery and medical diagnostics.
A High Efficiency Fast Neutron Detector (1989)

Abstract : This report researches a concept for a high efficiency detector of fast neutrons (several MeV), using solid state charged particle detectors overlaid with thick disks (about mm) of 238U. Experiments show a significant count rate in our mock-up when exposed to a fast neutron flux, but it appears insensitive to the slow/thermal neutron flux. Our preliminary results indicate a system with an efficiency on the order of at least 5% could be developed. Keywords: Fast neutron; Fission; High efficiency; Neutron detectors.
Programmable techniques for cell stability test and debug in embedded SRAMs (2006)

Reliable cell stability test of modern embedded SRAMs calls for DFT techniques with a flexible detection threshold. We present two programmable cell stability test and debug techniques that use partially discharged floating bit lines to apply a weak overwrite stress to a cell under test. The applied stress can be digitally adjusted to track the process variations or the desired pass/fail threshold. The proposed techniques are demonstrated to exceed the regular data retention test in both the defect coverage and detection range.
BronzeGate (2010)

Data privacy laws have appeared recently, such as the HIPAA laws for protecting medical records, and the PCI guidelines for protecting Credit Card information. Data privacy can be defined as maintaining the privacy of Personal Identifiable Information (PII) from unauthorized accessing. PII includes any piece of data that can be used alone, or in conjunction with additional information, to uniquely identify an individual. Examples of such information include national identification numbers, credit card numbers, as well as financial and medical records. Access control methods and data encryption provide a level of data protection from unauthorized access, however, it is not enough; it does not prohibit identity thefts. It was reported that 70% of the data privacy breaches are internal breaches that involve an employee from the enterprise who has access to some training or testing database replica, which contains all the PII. In addition to access control, we need techniques to obfuscate (i.e., mask or dim) the datasets used for training, testing and analysis purposes. A good data obfuscation technique would, among other features, preserve the data usability while protecting its privacy. This challenge is further complicated when real time requirements are added. In this paper we present BronzeGate: Obfuscated GoldenGate, the GoldenGate's real-time solution for transactional data privacy while maintaining data usability. BronzeGate utilizes different obfuscation functions for different data types to securely obfuscate the data, on real-time, while maintaining its statistical characteristics.
Porous membrane utilization in plant nutrient delivery (1987)

A spacecraft hydroponic plant growth unit of tubular configuration, employing a microporous membrane as a capilary interface between plant roots and a nutrient solution, is presented. All three of the experimental trials undertaken successfully grew wheat from seed to harvest. Attention is given to the mass/seed, number of seeds/head, ratio of seed dry mass to total plant dry mass, production of tillers, and mass of seed/plant. Dry matter production is found to be reduced with increasing suction pressure; this is true for both average seed and average total dry matter/plant. This may be due to a reduction in water and nutrient availability through the microporous membrane.
Flatbed-type 3D display systems using integral imaging method (2006)

We have developed prototypes of flatbed-type autostereoscopic display systems using one-dimensional integral imaging method. The integral imaging system reproduces light beams similar of those produced by a real object. Our display architecture is suitable for flatbed configurations because it has a large margin for viewing distance and angle and has continuous motion parallax. We have applied our technology to 15.4-inch displays. We realized horizontal resolution of 480 with 12 parallaxes due to adoption of mosaic pixel arrangement of the display panel. It allows viewers to see high quality autostereoscopic images. Viewing the display from angle allows the viewer to experience 3-D images that stand out several centimeters from the surface of the display. Mixed reality of virtual 3-D objects and real objects are also realized on a flatbed display. In seeking reproduction of natural 3-D images on the flatbed display, we developed proprietary software. The fast playback of the CG movie contents and real-time interaction are realized with the aid of a graphics card. Realization of the safety 3-D images to the human beings is very important. Therefore, we have measured the effects on the visual function and evaluated the biological effects. For example, the accommodation and convergence were measured at the same time. The various biological effects are also measured before and after the task of watching 3-D images. We have found that our displays show better results than those to a conventional stereoscopic display. The new technology opens up new areas of application for 3-D displays, including arcade games, e-learning, simulations of buildings and landscapes, and even 3-D menus in restaurants.
Novel Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 19‐Norvitamin D A‐Ring Phosphine Oxide from D‐Glucose as a Building Block. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.