gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Saponins from Soapnut Sapindus Mukorossi and Their Antimicrobial Properties (2016)

In this study optimization of extraction conditions for saponin from Sapindus mukorossi was investigated. Results showed that polarity of the extraction solvent affects the yield percentage of the extraction process. Best yield percentage was obtained as 78.1 % at 1:10 solid-liquid ratio in aqueous ethanol solution (50% v/v). The antimicrobial properties of extracts containing saponins were investigated for different microorganisms. Minimum inhibition concentrations of extract were obtained against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of saponin extract ranged between 12.5 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL.nbsp
Hyperglycemia-induced Production of Acute Phase Reactants in Adipose Tissue (2001)

Chronic elevation of systemic levels of acute phase reactants and inflammatory cytokines found in patients with diabetes and the often-associated metabolic syndrome X (hypertriglyceridemia, low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and accelerated atherosclerosis) may be responsible for the increased incidence of cardiovascular problems in this population. Here we examine the contribution of adipose tissue to the systemic elevation of acute phase reactants associated with chronic hyperglycemia. We demonstrate that adipose tissue expresses a number of acute phase reactants at high levels, including serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), alphal-acid glycoprotein, the lipocalin 24p3 as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Additionally, we show SAA3 is expressed at low levels under normal conditions but in the diabetic state is dramatically up-regulated in adipose tissue while down-regulated in liver. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory stimuli and high glucose can lead to the induction of SAA3 in adipose tissue in vivo as well as in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line. Adipose tissue may therefore play a major role in the pathogenic sequelae of Type II diabetes, in particular the cardiovascular problems associated with prolonged hyperglycemia.
Design considerations for high-flux collisionally opaque molecular beams (1992)

Flux distributions and fractional interceptions for high-flux straight-tube sources have been calculated in the collisionally opaque gas flow regime. Previous theoretical work in this regime has been assimilated to provide a useful design guide similar to that provided by Campbell and Valone [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 3, 408 (1985)] for transparent regime molecular-beam sources. Several of these large throughput straight-tube sources have been constructed in the laboratory for use in etching studies of semiconductor materials. Reasonable agreement has been found between the available theories and measurements of peak beam fluxes and angular dispersions. While angular dispersion is a function of aspect ratio only (tube diameter-to-length ratio) in the transparent regime theory discussed by Campbell and Valone, additional parameters are required in the opaque regime since gas-phase collisions effect the beam directionality. The dimensionless group η=a/λtip, the ratio of tube diameter to gas mean free path at the doser tip, is suggested as the figure of merit for characterizing angular dispersion in opaque regime tube flow.
6-Alkyl- and 6-Arylandrost-4-ene-3,17-diones as Aromatase Inhibitors. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships (1994)

Two series of 6 beta- and 6 alpha-substituted androst-4-ene-3,17-diones (5 and 6) were synthesized as aromatase inhibitors to gain insights of structure-activity relationships of varying substituents (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, phenyl, benzyl, vinyl, and ethynyl) to the inhibitory activity. All of the inhibitors synthesized prevented human placental aromatase in a competitive manner. The inhibition activities of all the 6-n-alkylated steroids 5a-d and 6a-d (Ki = 1.4-12 nM) as well as the 6 beta-vinyl (5h), 6 alpha-benzyl (6g), and 6-methylene (10) compounds (Ki = 5.1, 10, and 4.9 nM, respectively) were very powerful whereas those of the 6-isopropyl (5e and 6e), 6-phenyl (5f and 6f), 6 beta-benzyl (5g), and 6 beta-ethynyl (5i) steroids, having a bulky or polar substituent, were relatively weak. The 6 beta-ethyl derivative 5b was the most potent inhibitor among those synthesized. Inhibitors 5a, 5f, 5h, 5i, 6b, and 10 did not cause a time-dependent inactivation of aromatase. The 6 beta-alkyl steroids essentially had higher affinity for the enzyme than the corresponding 6 alpha-isomers, whereas the opposite relation was observed in a series of the aryl steroids. These results along with molecular modeling with the PM3 method clearly indicate that aromatase has a hydrophobic binding pocket with a limited accessible volume in the active site in the region corresponding to the beta-side rather than the alpha-side of the C-6 position of the substrate.
Standoff gas leak detectors based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (2005)

Trace gas sensing and analysis by Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) has become a robust and reliable technology accepted for industrial process monitoring and control, quality assurance, environmental sensing, plant safety, and infrastructure security. Sensors incorporating well-packaged wavelength-stabilized near-infrared (1.2 to 2.0 μm) laser sources sense over a dozen toxic or industrially-important gases. A large emerging application for TDLAS is standoff sensing of gas leaks, e.g. from natural gas pipelines. The Remote Methane Leak Detector (RMLD), a handheld standoff TDLAS leak survey tool that we developed, is replacing traditional leak detection tools that must be physically immersed within a leak to detect it. Employing a 10 mW 1.6 micron DFB laser, the RMLD illuminates a non-cooperative topographic surface, up to 30 m distant, and analyzes returned scattered light to deduce the presence of excess methane. The eye-safe, battery-powered, 6-pound handheld RMLD enhances walking pipeline survey rates by more than 30%. When combined with a spinning or rastering mirror, the RMLD serves as a platform for mobile leak mapping systems. Also, to enable high-altitude surveying and provide aerial disaster response, we are extending the standoff range to 3000 m by adding an EDFA to the laser transmitter.
Mental Models. By P. N. Johnson-Laird. (Pp. 513; illustrated; £27.50 hb, £9.95 pb.) Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 1983. (1984)

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A Review of Haptic Feedback Teleoperation Systems for Micromanipulation and Microassembly (2013)

This paper presents a review of the major haptic feedback teleoperation systems for micromanipulation. During the last decade, the handling of micrometer-sized objects has become a critical issue. Fields of application from material science to electronics demonstrate an urgent need for intuitive and flexible manipulation systems able to deal with small-scale industrial projects and assembly tasks. Two main approaches have been considered: fully automated tasks and manual operation. The first one require fully pre determined tasks, while the later necessitates highly trained operators. To overcome these issues the use of haptic feedback teleoperation where the user manipulates the tool through a joystick whilst feeling a force feedback, appears to be a promising solution as it allows high intuitiveness and flexibility. Major advances have been achieved during this last decade, starting with systems that enable the operator to feel the substrate topology, to the current state-of-the-art where 3D haptic feedback is provided to aid manipulation tasks. This paper details the major achievements and the solutions that have been developed to propose 3D haptic feedback for tools that often lack 3D force measurements. The use of virtual reality to enhance the immersion is also addressed. The strategies developed provide haptic feedback teleoperation systems with a high degree of assistance and for a wide range of micromanipulation tools. Based on this expertise on haptic for micromanipulation and virtual reality assistance it is now possible to propose microassembly systems for objects as small as 1 to 10 micrometers. This is a mature field and will benefit small-scale industrial projects where precision and flexibility in microassembly are required.
DESARROLLO COLABORATIVO DE UNA CARTA DE SERVICIOS TIC UNIVERSITARIOS (2015)

La gestion de la tecnologia en las universidades se enfrenta a un cambio de paradigma determinado por la evolucion continua de la tecnologia y por las consecuencias que esta evolucion impone en los ambitos organizativos. Hemos de pasar de una vision centrada en la tecnologia a una vision centrada en la oferta de servicios que satisfagan las necesidades de la comunidad universitaria alineada con la estrategia propia de cada universidad. Es necesario reflexionar sobre cuales son los servicios ofertados y en que condiciones se ofrecen a los diferentes colectivos de la comunidad universitaria. Este articulo describe los trabajos realizados en el seno del grupo de trabajo de CRUE-TIC en el ambito de la elaboracion de las cartas de servicios TIC universitarios, identificando el marco normativo al que esta sujeta esta elaboracion, la estructuracion propuesta asi como los riesgos y los beneficios derivados de su elaboracion. Technology management in universities is facing a paradigm change determined by the continuous evolution of technology, and by the consequences that these developments impose on the organizational issues. We should shift from a vision centered on technology to a one focused on services that fulfill the requirements of the academic community and aligned with the strategy of each particular university. This change has to start by a consideration on which are the offered services, and how are they offered. This paper summarizes the work done in by the working group on this issue of the Spanish CRUE-TIC. The paper summarized the legal framework, the proposed organization of the services, and the risks and benefits from this process.
Coiled tubing operations and services (1991)

Coiled tubing offers many advantages over conventional jointed tubing used for drilling in oil fields, including time savings, pumping flexibility, fluid placement, reduced formation damage and safety. The article gives an overview of coiled tubing history and development. Operating concepts are explained, along with descriptions of the major equipment and components associated with coiled tubing use in the oil field today.
Adverse Drug Reaction Prediction Using Scores Produced by Large-Scale Drug-Protein Target Docking on High-Performance Computing Machines (2014)

Late-stage or post-market identification of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a significant public health issue and a source of major economic liability for drug development. Thus, reliable in silico screening of drug candidates for possible ADRs would be advantageous. In this work, we introduce a computational approach that predicts ADRs by combining the results of molecular docking and leverages known ADR information from DrugBank and SIDER. We employed a recently parallelized version of AutoDock Vina (VinaLC) to dock 906 small molecule drugs to a virtual panel of 409 DrugBank protein targets. L1-regularized logistic regression models were trained on the resulting docking scores of a 560 compound subset from the initial 906 compounds to predict 85 side effects, grouped into 10 ADR phenotype groups. Only 21% (87 out of 409) of the drug-protein binding features involve known targets of the drug subset, providing a significant probe of off-target effects. As a control, associations of this drug subset with the 555 annotated targets of these compounds, as reported in DrugBank, were used as features to train a separate group of models. The Vina off-target models and the DrugBank on-target models yielded comparable median area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves (AUCs) during 10-fold cross-validation (0.60-0.69 and 0.61-0.74, respectively). Evidence was found in the PubMed literature to support several putative ADR-protein associations identified by our analysis. Among them, several associations between neoplasm-related ADRs and known tumor suppressor and tumor invasiveness marker proteins were found. A dual role for interstitial collagenase in both neoplasms and aneurysm formation was also identified. These associations all involve off-target proteins and could not have been found using available drug/on-target interaction data. This study illustrates a path forward to comprehensive ADR virtual screening that can potentially scale with increasing number of CPUs to tens of thousands of protein targets and millions of potential drug candidates.
Fuzzy Based Network Assignment and Link‐Switching Analysis in Hybrid OCC/LiFi System (2018)

In recent times, optical wireless communications (OWC) have become attractive research interest in mobile communication for its inexpensiveness and high‐speed data transmission capability and it is already recognized as complementary to radio‐frequency (RF) based technologies. Light fidelity (LiFi) and optical camera communication (OCC) are two promising OWC technologies that use a photo detector (PD) and a camera, respectively, to receive optical pulses. These communication systems can be implemented in all kinds of environments using existing light‐emitting diode (LED) infrastructures to transmit data. However, both networking layers suffer from several limitations. An excellent solution to overcoming these limitations is the integration of OCC and LiFi. In this paper, we propose a hybrid OCC and LiFi architecture to improve the quality‐of‐service (QoS) of users. A network assignment mechanism is developed for the hybrid system. A dynamic link‐switching technique for efficient handover management between networks is proposed afterward which includes switching provisioning based on user mobility and detailed network switching flow analysis. Fuzzy logic (FL) is used to develop the proposed mechanisms. A time‐division multiple access (TDMA) based approach, called round‐robin scheduling (RRS), is also adopted to ensure fairness in time resource allocation while serving multiple users using the same LED in the hybrid system. Furthermore, simulation results are presented taking different practical application scenarios into consideration. The performance analysis of the network assignment mechanism, which is provided at the end of the paper, demonstrates the importance and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
The dermal—epidermal junction (1997)

Recent insights into the structure and function of the dermal-epidermal junction have resulted from two converging lines of experimental evidence, namely, the study of inherited blistering disorders of the skin, in which mutations in genes encoding proteins of this region have been discovered, and the targeted ablation of the same genes in knockout mouse models. In addition to these studies, elegant analyses of the cell biology of the hemidesmosome/anchoring filament complex have revealed not only functionally important interactions between structural protein components, but also the role of certain of these proteins in mediating cell adhesion, migration, and signal transduction of messages from the extracellular matrix into the keratinocyte. Our current understanding of the dermal-epidermal junction forms a new model encapsulating the nature both of the hemidesmosomal attachment structures and of the interhemidesmosomal attachments that are mediated by differential cell type specific expression of proteins of the cutaneous adhesion zone.
Design and Application of Foams for Electrocatalysis (2017)

Abstract Developing low cost and efficient anode and cathode materials toward electrocatalysis are regarded as one of the most desirable yet challenging research directions, which are intimately related to the pressing energy, environmental and human health issues. Currently, 3 D foam (such as Ni foam, Cu foam, and graphene foam) based heterogeneous catalysts have been intensively explored for actively catalyzing the electrode reactions. Their inherent characteristics of stereo‐network structure, high specific area and large pore volume not only provide better mass transport of reactants to electrode surfaces, but also pave 3 D electron transport pathways. Herein, recent significant progress and rational design of foam‐based electrocatalysts are reviewed. In addition, some insights into current challenges and future directions of foams for efficient electrocatalysis are proposed and discussed.
Antimicrobial-Resistant Enteric Bacteria from Dairy Cattle (2006)

A study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. Gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) to 14% (tetracycline) of total gram-negative enteric microflora. Nine bacterial species were isolated, of which Escherichia coli (87%) was the most predominant species. MICs showing reduced susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were observed in E. coli isolates. Isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (48%), ceftiofur (11%), chloramphenicol (20%), florfenicol (78%), spectinomycin (18%), and tetracycline (93%). Multidrug resistance (> or =3 to 6 antimicrobials) was seen in 40% of E. coli isolates from healthy lactating cattle. Of 113 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 93% of isolates, while the remaining 7% isolates carried the tet(A) determinant. DNA-DNA hybridization assays revealed that tet determinants were located on the chromosome. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates (n = 99 isolates) belonged to 60 subtypes, which is suggestive of a highly diverse population of tetracycline-resistant organisms. On most occasions, E. coli subtypes, although shared between cows within the herd, were confined mostly to a dairy herd. The findings of this study suggest that commensal enteric E. coli from healthy lactating cattle can be an important reservoir for tetracycline and perhaps other antimicrobial resistance determinants.
A Mems Contactless Rotating Terahertz Waveguide Switch (2022)

This paper presents a Single-Pole Double-Throw (SPDT) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) waveguide switch operating at 500–750 GHz. The switch consists of a U-bend waveguide surrounded by an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surface. The EBG surface is used to prevent propagation of electromagnetic waves without mechanical or electrical contact. The U-bend is placed on a rotating arm, that moves between two waveguide connections. The arms movement is controlled by a rotating MEMS motor that can rotate ±4.5° at 90 V. The switch is fabricated using silicon micromachining and is designed to be in-plane with the connecting waveguides. Thus, allowing it to be implemented into a silicon micromachined waveguide network. Since the electromagnetic wave can be isolated with the EBG surface without the need for electrical or mechanical contact, the MEMS waveguide switch rotates freely between two contactless states, circumventing common MEMS switch issues such as stiction.
Smartphone Sensor Data Mining for Gait Abnormality Detection (2014)

Today, smartphones are a ubiquitous part of daily life. We carry them everywhere with us, and they are involved in almost every aspect of our lives. These omnipresent devices are equipped with sensors that allow them to gather information about the world around them. Among these sensors are accelerometers and gyroscopes, which measure acceleration and rotation, such as that generated by walking. A smartphone, from its usual position in your pocket, is perfectly placed to capture this information. The WISDM Lab has shown that this information can determine the qualities, identity, or actions of an individual, but such technology might be used to diagnose injuries and neurological disorders as well. In collaboration with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, we built a model from smartphone sensor data that can detect gait abnormalities, which are often symptomatic of neurological illnesses such as non-Alzheimer's dementia. As part of this project, medical students from Albert Einstein collected data using smartphones as part of their normal clinical gait assessment. The smartphones run a custom-built application that collects accelerator and gyroscope data and transmits it back to the WISDM server. The data was cleaned, converted to representative features, and analyzed using data mining algorithms to build a model. The performance of this model indicates the viability of smartphone sensor data as a tool for detecting gait abnormalities. Further research upon and deployment of the techniques developed in this thesis could result in an application that could be used to detect gait abnormalities or neurological illnesses themselves. Such technology would prove to be a valuable tool for gait monitoring in medical and commercial settings.
A novel selective and orally bioavailable <scp>N</scp> a <scp> <sub>v</sub> </scp> 1.8 channel blocker, <scp>PF</scp> ‐01247324, attenuates nociception and sensory neuron excitability (2015)

Using PF-01247324, we have confirmed a role for Nav 1.8 channels in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We have also demonstrated a key role for Nav 1.8 channels in action potential upstroke and repetitive firing of rat and human DRG neurons.
[Analysis of the eye's anterior segment with optical coherence tomography. Static and dynamic study]. (2005)

PURPOSE To study the biometric modifications of the anterior segment depending on accommodation and age. To try and define their possible applications in certain fields of anterior segment surgery, in particular in refractive implants. MATERIAL AND METHOD Anterior chamber biometry can be very easily studied with 1310-nm wavelength optical coherence tomography. The equipment has a fixation target that can be focused and defocused with negative lenses in order to stimulate natural accommodation. The human anterior chamber was therefore studied during accommodation. We studied 104 eyes of 56 patients aged between 7 and 82 years. Refraction was between +5D and - 5D. A single operator carried out all the measurements. The anterior chamber's horizontal diameter, the anterior chamber's depth, the horizontal pupil diameter and the horizontal radius of curvature of the crystalline lens' anterior pole were measured unaccommodated or after stimulating accommodation. RESULTS The different static or dynamic measurements were compared to ametropia, age and accommodation. At rest, the average AC diameter was 12.33 mm, the average AC depth was 3.11 mm and the average pupil diameter was 4.26 mm. On average, for 1 D of accommodation, the crystalline lens anterior pole moved forward by 30 microm. There was a 0.3-mm reduction in its radius of curvature and a 0.15-mm reduction in pupil diameter. Several other measurements are illustrated on graphs. CONCLUSIONS The AC OCT is a user-friendly instrument to evaluate the anterior segment and explore the anterior chamber (cornea, iris, crystalline lens, irido-corneal angle). The 1310-nm light wavelength is blocked by pigments preventing exploration behind the iris. However, the AC OCT is capable of providing good-quality images and a better visualization of the anatomical relationships of the anterior segment, even behind an opaque cornea.