gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time calibration-free C-scan images of the eye fundus using Master Slave swept source optical coherence tomography (2015)

Recently, we introduced a novel Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) method, termed as Master Slave OCT (MS-OCT), specialized for delivering <i>en</i>-<i>face</i> images. This method uses principles of spectral domain interfereometry in two stages. MS-OCT operates like a time domain OCT, selecting only signals from a chosen depth only while scanning the laser beam across the eye. Time domain OCT allows real time production of an <i>en</i>-<i>face</i> image, although relatively slowly. As a major advance, the Master Slave method allows collection of signals from any number of depths, as required by the user. The tremendous advantage in terms of parallel provision of data from numerous depths could not be fully employed by using multi core processors only. The data processing required to generate images at multiple depths simultaneously is not achievable with commodity multicore processors only. We compare here the major improvement in processing and display, brought about by using graphic cards. We demonstrate images obtained with a swept source at 100 kHz (which determines an acquisition time [T<sub>a</sub>] for a frame of 200×200 pixels<sup>2</sup> of T<sub>a</sub> =1.6 s). By the end of the acquired frame being scanned, using our computing capacity, 4 simultaneous en-face images could be created in T = 0.8 s. We demonstrate that by using graphic cards, 32 en-face images can be displayed in T<sub>d</sub> 0.3 s. Other faster swept source engines can be used with no difference in terms of T<sub>d</sub>. With 32 images (or more), volumes can be created for 3D display, using <i>en</i>-<i>face</i> images, as opposed to the current technology where volumes are created using cross section OCT images.
Cloning of a Very Virulent Plus, 686 Strain of Marek's Disease Virus as a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (2013)

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors were first developed to facilitate propagation and manipulation of large DNA fragments. This technology was later used to clone full-length genomes of large DNA viruses to study viral gene function. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic herpesvirus that causes rapid induction of T-cell lymphomas in chickens. Based on the virus's ability to cause disease in vaccinated chickens, MDV strains are classified into pathotypes, with the most virulent strains belonging to the very virulent plus (vv+) pathotype. Here we report the construction of BAC clones of 686 (686-BAC), a vv+ strain of MDV. Transfection of DNA isolated from two independent clones into duck embryo fibroblasts resulted in recovery of infectious virus. Pathogenesis studies showed that the BAC-derived 686 viruses were more virulent than Md5, a vv strain of MDV. With the use of a two-step red-mediated mutagenesis process, both copies of viral interleukin 8 (vIL-8) were deleted from the MDV genome, showing that 686-BACs were amenable to mutagenesis techniques. The generation of BAC clones from a vv+ strain of MDV is a significant step toward understanding molecular basis of MDV pathogenesis.
Spin Transfer from an Optically Pumped Alkali Vapor to a Solid (2007)

We report enhancement of the spin polarization of 133Cs nuclei in CsH salt by spin transfer from an optically pumped cesium vapor. The nuclear polarization was 4.0 times the equilibrium polarization at 9.4 T and 137 degrees C, with larger enhancements at lower fields. This work is the first demonstration of spin transfer from a polarized alkali vapor to the nuclei of a solid, opening up new possibilities for research in hyperpolarized materials.
A simple nonlinear optical performance monitor for-high-speed lightwave systems (2005)

A simple OPM based on two-photon absorption measures a generalized duty cycle that is a useful signal quality indicator for common modulation formats at any data rate. The device measures chromatic dispersion, PMD and OSNR.
A Fabry-Perot refractometer for chemical vapor sensing by solid-phase microextraction (2011)

The contour lithography method [1] is used to improve the fabrication yield of previously demonstrated [2] microfluidic Fabry-Perot (FP) refractive index (RI) sensors. The sensors are then coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based polymers to detect vapor analytes by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Preliminary characterization of devices coated with two different polymers and exposed to xylenes vapors yields a maximum sensitivity of 0.015 nm/ppm and a detection limit below 120 ppm.
Abstract 2396: IMA950: A novel multi-peptide cancer vaccine for treatment of glioblastoma (2010)

Abstract Despite promising results of various therapeutic approaches currently under investigation, including active immunotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most fatal tumor types. IMA950 is a novel peptide vaccine aiming at the induction of a broad T-cell response against a variety of tumor-relevant antigens expressed by GBM cells. IMA950 consists of 11 synthetic tumor-associated peptides (TUMAPs) isolated from more than 30 primary human GBM specimens. Nine of the TUMAPs bind to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allele A*02 expressed by ∼ 45% of the Caucasian population and two TUMAPs bind to various HLA class II (DR) alleles expressed by the majority of patients. Therefore, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) as well as T helper (Th) responses are expected to arise from vaccination with IMA950. TUMAPs were identified by isolating HLA-peptide complexes from primary tumors and determining the peptide sequences by mass spectrometry. This analysis resulted in the identification of more than 3,000 different HLA-A*02 peptides expressed by one or more GBM samples. TUMAPs were ranked according to a variety of criteria, including mRNA over-expression of the source antigens in GBM compared with normal tissues, known relevance of the source antigens in oncogenic processes, frequency of expression in GBM samples, in vitro immunogenicity in healthy donors, and feasibility of pharmaceutical development. Based on this approach IMA950 has been composed of 11 TUMAPs derived from 10 different source antigens ranking high in these categories. “Over-presentation” of finally selected TUMAPs was confirmed directly at the peptide level using a novel approach allowing label-free HLA-peptide quantitation directly by mass spectrometry. Moreover, T-cell reactivity in glioma patients was analyzed for all HLA-A*02 peptides in vitro with all patients tested responding to several IMA950 TUMAPs. Furthermore, peptide-specific functions of the observed T cells were investigated in more detail. In conclusion, the strong GBM association of IMA950 TUMAPs indicated by over-presentation together with pre-clinical immunogenicity results suggest that this multi-peptide vaccine may benefit the majority of HLA-A*02-positive patients. Clinical development is planned to start within 2010 with several phase I trials investigating the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in different patient populations and using various immunomodulatory regimens in order to explore the most promising strategy for further development. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2396.
Self-Protection of Web Content (2004)

Abdomino-pelvic injuries are common in trauma patients, affecting mainly young male victims, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and resource utilisation.
The Identification of Carbonyl Compounds by Fluorescence: A Novel Carbonyl-Derivatizing Reagent (1998)

A novel analysis method for qualitative and semiquantitative determination of carbonyl compounds, based on fluorescent derivatization, is presented.
Double layer interwoven frequency selective surfaces (2009)

The applicatino of double layer interwoven frequency selective surfaces to obtain wideband isolation at mobile phone frequency bands while allowing transparency at the emergency TETRA and the Bluetooth bands is proposed. The intention is to modify the EM architecture of buildings over a very wide frequency range, permitting access at these two very separated bands. In particular, we have in mind buildings with restricted mobile phone usage such as public libraries, theatres and secure offices.
3-D Vector Flow Estimation With Row–Column-Addressed Arrays (2016)

Simulation and experimental results from 3-D vector flow estimations for a 62 + 62 2-D row-column (RC) array with integrated apodization are presented. A method for implementing a 3-D transverse oscillation (TO) velocity estimator on a 3-MHz RC array is developed and validated. First, a parametric simulation study is conducted, where flow direction, ensemble length, number of pulse cycles, steering angles, transmit/receive apodization, and TO apodization profiles and spacing are varied, to find the optimal parameter configuration. The performance of the estimator is evaluated with respect to relative mean bias ~B and mean standard deviation ~σ . Second, the optimal parameter configuration is implemented on the prototype RC probe connected to the experimental ultrasound scanner SARUS. Results from measurements conducted in a flow-rig system containing a constant laminar flow and a straight-vessel phantom with a pulsating flow are presented. Both an M-mode and a steered transmit sequence are applied. The 3-D vector flow is estimated in the flow rig for four representative flow directions. In the setup with 90° beam-to-flow angle, the relative mean bias across the entire velocity profile is (-4.7, -0.9, 0.4)% with a relative standard deviation of (8.7, 5.1, 0.8)% for ( v<sub>x</sub>, v<sub>y</sub>, v<sub>z</sub> ). The estimated peak velocity is 48.5 ± 3 cm/s giving a -3% bias. The out-of-plane velocity component perpendicular to the cross section is used to estimate volumetric flow rates in the flow rig at a 90° beam-to-flow angle. The estimated mean flow rate in this setup is 91.2 ± 3.1 L/h corresponding to a bias of -11.1%. In a pulsating flow setup, flow rate measured during five cycles is 2.3 ± 0.1 mL/stroke giving a negative 9.7% bias. It is concluded that accurate 3-D vector flow estimation can be obtained using a 2-D RC-addressed array.
Correction of Spinal Curvatures by Transcutaneous Electrical Muscle Stimulation (1983)

Transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation was used to induce acute scoliosis of up to 56 degrees in straight cat spines. Conversely in humans, surface muscle stimulation was able to acutely correct 35 idiopathic scoliosis curves an average of 44%. The amount of correction obtained increased linearly with the length of the skeletal lever arms (ribs, pelvis) interconnecting the stimulated musculature with the vertebrae of the spinal curve. When the electrodes were placed over the lateral trunk musculature rather than on the paraspinals, the scoliosis reduction improved threefold. Similar results were found in a group of seven neuromuscular scoliotics. Muscle groups stimulated were detected with thermography. In 18 kyphosis patients, an average of 13 degrees correction was accomplished with stimulation of the paraspinal musculature. The foundation for clinical use of surface muscle stimulation in the management of excessive spinal curvatures was established, with guidelines for electrode placement in scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, and curvature combinations.
Endogenous antioxidants predicted outcome and increased after treatment: A benzoate dose‐finding, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial for Alzheimer's disease (2022)

By enhancing two vital endogenous antioxidants, catalase and glutathione, sodium benzoate therapy improved cognition of patients with AD, with higher baseline catalase predicting better response. Supporting the oxidative stress theory, the results show promise for benzoate as a novel treatment for AD.
Biotinylation Facilitates the Uptake of Large Peptides by <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Other Gram-Negative Bacteria (2005)

Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli can normally only take up small peptides less than 650 Da, or five to six amino acids, in size. We have found that biotinylated peptides up to 31 amino acids in length can be taken up by E. coli and that uptake is dependent on the biotin transporter. Uptake could be competitively inhibited by free biotin or avidin and blocked by the protonophore carbonyl m-chlorophenylhydrazone and was abolished in E. coli mutants that lacked the biotin transporter. Biotinylated peptides could be used to supplement the growth of a biotin auxotroph, and the transported peptides were shown to be localized to the cytoplasm in cell fractionation experiments. The uptake of biotinylated peptides was also demonstrated for two other gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This finding may make it possible to create new peptide antibiotics that can be used against gram-negative pathogens. Researchers have used various moieties to cause the illicit transport of compounds in bacteria, and this study demonstrates the illicit transport of the largest known compound to date.
Modeling Dynamic Behaviors of Complex Fractures in Conventional Reservoir Simulators (2019)

Summary Field data have shown the decline of fracture conductivity during reservoir depletion. In addition, refracturing and infill drilling have recently gained much attention as efficient methods to enhance recovery in shale reservoirs. However, current approaches present difficulties in efficiently and accurately simulating such processes, especially for large-scale cases with complex hydraulic and natural fractures. In this study, a general numerical method compatible with existing simulators is developed to model dynamic behaviors of complex fractures. The method is an extension of an embedded discrete-fracture model (EDFM). With a new set of EDFM formulations, the nonneighboring connections (NNCs) in the EDFM are treated as regular connections in traditional simulators, and the NNC transmissibility factors are linked with gridblock permeabilities. Hence, manipulating block permeabilities in simulators can conveniently control the fluid flow through fractures. Complex dynamic behaviors of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures can be investigated using this method. The proposed methodology is implemented in a commercial reservoir simulator in a nonintrusive manner. We first present one synthetic case study in a shale-oil reservoir to verify the model accuracy and then combine the new model with field data to demonstrate its field applicability. Subsequently, four field-scale case studies with complex fractures in two and three dimensions are presented to illustrate the applicability of the method. These studies involve vertical- and horizontal-well refracturing in tight reservoirs, infill drilling, and fracture activation in a naturally fractured reservoir. The proposed approach is combined with empirical correlations and geomechanical criteria to model stress-dependent fracture conductivity and natural-fracture activation. It also shows convenience in dynamically adding new fractures or extending existing fractures during simulation. Results of these studies further confirm the significance of dynamic fracture behaviors and fracture complexity in the analysis and optimization of well performance.
Wire width planning for interconnect performance optimization (2002)

In this paper, we study wire width planning for interconnect performance optimization in an interconnect-centric design flow. We first propose some simplified, yet near-optimal wire sizing schemes, using only one or two discrete wire widths. Our sensitivity study on wire sizing optimization further suggests that there exists a small set of "globally" optimal wire widths for a range of interconnects. We develop general and efficient methods for computing such a "globally" optimal wire width design and show rather surprisingly that using only two "predesigned" widths for each metal layer, we are still able to achieve close to optimal performance compared with that by using many possible widths, not only for one fixed length, but also for all wire lengths assigned at each metal layer. Our wire width planning can consider different design objectives and wire length distributions. Moreover, our method has a predictable small amount of errors compared with optimal solutions. We expect that our simplified wire sizing schemes and wire width planning methodology will be very useful for better design convergence and simpler routing architectures.
NeuroDefend, a novel Chinese medicine, attenuates amyloid-β and tau pathology in experimental Alzheimer's disease models (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylated tau accumulation are accountable for the progressive neuronal loss and cognitive impairments usually observed in AD. Currently, medications for AD offer moderate symptomatic relief but fail to cure the disease; hence development of effective and safe drugs is urgently needed for AD treatment. In this study, we investigated a Chinese medicine (CM) formulation named NeuroDefend (ND), for reducing amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathology in transgenic AD mice models. Regular oral administration of ND improved cognitive function and memory in 3XTg-AD and 5XFAD mice. In addition, ND reduced beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP C-terminal fragments (CTF-β/α), Aβ and 4G8 positive Aβ burden in 3XTg-AD and 5XFAD mice. Furthermore, ND efficiently reduced the levels of insoluble phospho-tau protein aggregates and AT8 positive phospho tau neuron load in 3XTg-AD mice. Hence, ND could be a promising candidate for the treatment of AD in humans.
Analysis of perfluorochemical elimination from the respiratory system (1997)

We describe a simple apparatus for analysis of perfluorochemicals (PFC) in expired gas and thus a means for determining PFC vapor and liquid elimination from the respiratory system. The apparatus and data analysis are based on thermal conduction and mass transfer principles of gases. In vitro studies were conducted with the PFC vapor analyzer to determine calibration curves for output voltage as a function of individual respiratory gases, respiratory gases saturated with PFC vapor, and volume percent standards for percent PFC saturation (%PFC-Sat) in air. Voltage-concentration data for %PFC-Sat of the vapor from the in vitro tests were accurate to within 2.0% from 0 to 100% PFC-Sat, linear (r = 0.99, P < 0.001), and highly reproducible. Calculated volume loss of PFC liquid over time correlated well with actual loss by weight (r = 0.99, P < 0. 001). In vivo studies with neonatal lambs demonstrated that PFC volume loss and evaporation rates decreased nonlinearly as a function of time. These relationships were modulated by changes in PFC physical properties, minute ventilation, and postural repositioning. The results of this study demonstrate the sensitivity and accuracy of an on-line method for PFC analysis of expired gas and describe how it may be useful in liquid-assisted ventilation procedures for determining PFC volume loss, evaporation rate, and optimum dosing and ventilation strategy.
Thermochemical Decomposition of Water Based on Reactions of Chromium and Barium Compounds (1975)

A potentially useful thermochemical cycle developed for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water consists of three chemical reactions that take place in the temperature range from 400 degrees to 1200 degrees K. The oxidation and reduction of chromium compounds by barium hydroxide and the hydrolytic disproportionation of barium chromate(IV) and barium chromate(V), the reactions which constitute the proposed cycle, have been demonstrated.
Cross-Validated Locally Polynomial Modeling for 2-D/3-D Gaze Tracking With Head-Worn Devices (2019)

In the context of wearable gaze tracking techniques, the problems of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) gaze estimation can be viewed as inferring 2-D epipolar lines and 3-D visual axes from eye monitoring cameras. To this end, in this article, a simple local polynomial model is proposed to back-project a pupil center onto its corresponding visual axis. Based on this approximation, a homographylike relation is derived in a local manner, and via the Leave-One-Out cross-validation criterion, training gaze samples at one certain depth is leveraged to partition entire input space into multiple overlapping subregions. Then, the gaze data at another depth are utilized to recover the epipolar point, i.e., the image eyeball center. Thus, given a pupil image, the corresponding epipolar line can be determined by the resolved homographylike mapping and the epipolar point. By using the same partition structure, 3-D gaze prediction model can be inferred by solving a nonlinear optimization problem, which aims to minimize the angular disparities between training visual directions and prediction ones. Meanwhile, it is necessary to form a good starting point and suitable constraints for the optimization problem. Otherwise, it may end up with trivial solutions, i.e., faraway eye positions. To facilitate the practical implementation of our proposed method, we also analyze how the spatial distribution of calibration points impacts the model learning accuracy. The experiment results justify the effectiveness of our proposed gaze estimation method for both the normal vision and eyewear users.
Performance of a Standardized Clinical Assay for Urinary C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 (CCL14) for Persistent Severe Acute Kidney Injury (2022)

Using a clinical assay, these standardized cutoffs (1.3 and 13 ng/ml) allow for the identification of patients at high risk for the development of persistent severe AKI. These results have immediate utility in helping to guide AKI patient care and may facilitate future clinical trials.<b>Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:</b> Identification and Validation of Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury Recovery, NCT01868724.
Fast Non-Convex Hull Computation (2019)

3D surface reconstruction usually begins with a point cloud and aims to build a representation of the object producing that point cloud. There are several algorithms to solve this problem, each with different priors over the point cloud, such as the type of object represented, or the method by which it was obtained. In this work, we focus on an algorithm called Non-Convex Hull (NCH), which reconstructs surfaces through a concept similar to the Medial Axis Transform. A new algorithm called Shrinking Planes is proposed to compute the NCH, based on the Shrinking Ball method with a few improvements. We prove that the new method can approximate surfaces to arbitrarily small error, and evaluate its performance on the surface reconstruction task. The new method maintains the same reconstruction quality as the Naïve Non-Convex Hull method, while achieving a large performance improvement.
Millimeter size single crystals of superconducting YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub . (1989)

A method of growing large, up to 1 mm size single crystals of superconducting YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x, wherein x equals from 6.5 to 7.2.
Short temporal coherence digital holography with a femtosecond frequency comb laser for multi-level optical sectioning (2012)

In this paper, we demonstrate how short temporal coherence digital holography with a femtosecond frequency comb laser source may be used for multi-level optical sectioning. The object shape is obtained by digitally reconstructing and processing a sequence of holograms recorded during stepwise shifting of a mirror in the reference arm. Experimental results are presented.