gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From ‘Hellstrom Paradox–to anti-adenosinergic cancer immunotherapy (2007)

Cancer therapy by endogenous or adoptively transferred anti-tumor T cells is considered complementary to conventional cancer treatment by surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. However, the scope of promising immunotherapeutic protocols is currently limited because tumors can create a "hostile" immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents their destruction by anti-tumor T cells. There is a possibility to develop better and more effective immunotherapies by inactivating mechanisms that inhibit anti-tumor T cells in the tumor microenvironment and thereby protect cancerous tissues from immune damage. This may be now possible because of the recent demonstration that genetic deletion of immunosuppressive A2A and A2B adenosine receptors (A2AR and A2BR) or their pharmacological inactivation can prevent the inhibition of anti-tumor T cells by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and as a result facilitate full tumor rejection [Ohta A, Gorelik E, Prasad SJ et al (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(35):13132-13137]. This approach is based on in vivo genetic evidence that A2AR play a critical role in the protection of normal tissues from overactive immune cells in acutely inflamed and hypoxic areas. The observations of much improved T-cell-mediated rejection of tumors in mice with inactivated A2AR strongly suggest that A2AR also protects hypoxic cancerous tissues and that A2AR should be inactivated in order to improve tumor rejection by anti-tumor T cells.
Flexible Polyimide Aerogels with Dodecane Links in the Backbone Structure (2020)

Polyimide aerogels using 1,12-dodecyldiamine (DADD), 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ), and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and cross linked using 1,3,5-triaminophenoxybenzene (TAB) were synthesized. Substitution of the aromatic diamine, DMBZ, with varying amounts of the aliphatic diamine, DADD, increases the flexibility in the backbone structure of the prepared aerogel. These aerogels are also lightweight, low density, have a low dielectric constant, and high modulus. Their overall properties (density, shrinkage, porosity, dielectric constant, water uptake, and modulus) and potential use as a conformal substrate for lightweight, high-performance antennas are discussed.
International Space Station Cathode Life Testing (1997)

Four hollow cathode assembly (HCA) life tests were initiated at operating conditions simulating on-orbit operation of the International Space Station plasma contactor. The objective of these tests is to demonstrate the mission-required 18,000 hour lifetime with high-fidelity development model HCAS. HCAs are operated with a continuous 6 sccm xenon flow rate and 3 A anode current. On-orbit emission current requirements are simulated with a square waveform consisting of 50 minutes at a 2.5 A emission current and 40 minutes with no emission current. One HCA test was terminated after approximately 8,000 hours so that a destructive analysis could be performed. The analysis revealed no life-limiting processes and the ultimate lifetime was projected to be greater than the mission requirement. Testing continues for the remaining three HCAs which have accumulated approximately 8,000 hours, 10,000 hours, and 11,000 hours, respectively, as of June 1997. Anode and bias voltages, strong indicators of cathode electron emitter condition, are within acceptable ranges and have exhibited no life- or performance-limiting phenomena to date.
Clustering beat-chroma patterns in a large music database (2010)

A musical style or genre implies a set of common conventions and patterns combined and deployed in different ways to make individual musical pieces; for instance, most would agree that contemporary pop music is assembled from a relatively small palette of harmonic and melodic patterns. The purpose of this paper is to use a database of tens of thousands of songs in combination with a compact representation of melodic-harmonic content (the beat-synchronous chromagram) and data-mining tools (clustering) to attempt to explicitly catalog this palette — at least within the limitations of the beat-chroma representation. We use online k-means clustering to summarize 3.7 million 4-beat bars in a codebook of a few hundred prototypes. By measuring how accurately such a quantized codebook can reconstruct the original data, we can quantify the degree of diversity (distortion as a function of codebook size) and temporal structure (i.e. the advantage gained by joint quantizing multiple frames) in this music. The most popular codewords themselves reveal the common chords used in the music. Finally, the quantized representation of music can be used for music retrieval tasks such as artist and genre classification, and identifying songs that are similar in terms of their melodic-harmonic content.
Dual-Element, Solid-State Fluid Flow Sensor (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The theory, design and operation of a solid-state fluid-flow sensor are presented together with some results of laboratory evaluations. Two silicon sensing elements, mounted inside a cylindrical tube and connected through a resistance bridge, are maintained at a constant temperature differential with one element at the temperature of the fluid, providing a reference. The magnitude of flow can be determined from the heat transfer rate off the hotter of the two elements. Flow rates between about 2 and 40 liters/hr may be resolved with the present sensor arrangement. Dynamic range and resolution can be adjusted for particular applications by varying the values of the fixed bridge resistors, thus varying the temperature differential between sensors, or by varying the tube diameter. The measurement of fuel flow is a potential application.</div>
Mutagenesis of the nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus involved in capsid assembly (2009)

The nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus produced in Escherichia coli assembled into herringbone-like particles. The amino- and carboxy-termini of the N protein were shortened progressively to define the minimum contiguous sequence involved in capsid assembly. The first 29 aa residues of the N protein are dispensable for capsid formation. The 128 carboxy-terminal residues do not play a role in the assembly of the herringbone-like particles. A region with amino acid residues 30-32 plays a crucial role in the formation of the capsid particle. Deletion of any of the four conserved hydrophobic regions in the N protein impaired capsid formation. Replacement of the central conserved regions with the respective sequences from the Newcastle disease virus restored capsid formation.
Streaming, Plaintext Private Information Retrieval Using Regular Expressions on Arbitrary Length Search Strings (2017)

Submitting a query to a plaintext stream can compromise search privacy, revealing the interests and motivations of the submitting party to the data owner. Current research in Private Information Retrieval (PIR) provides computationally private solutions based on partially-homomorphic encryption. These enable Alice to search Bob's data without revealing Alice's search criteria, sacrifice bandwidth (she doesn't have to tap the entire stream), or deploy a trusted device in Bob's domain. Building on two fixed-string retrieval techniques in [3] and [15], we developed a novel private pattern matching method that searches freeform, arbitrary length strings in streaming plaintext and retrieves corresponding elements. We present our design that encodes regular expressions into private queries, uses an obfuscation method to limit frequency and graph quotient attacks by Bob, and we provide experimental evidence to verify the feasibility of the approach. Our pattern matching technique extends the range of applications for plaintext PIR.
Phase-only joint-transform correlator: analysis and experimental results (1996)

An analysis of the popular joint-transform optical correlator is presented for architectures employing spatial light modulators that operate only on the phase of the coherent light. Experimental results are also presented, for simple scenes that produce analytic solutions, which support the analysis.
Vascular Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are an unlimited source of endothelial and smooth muscle cells for regenerative medicine, drug screening, and toxicology assays. Significant advances have been made in the last 10 years in driving the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into vascular cells and some of the approaches have been implemented recently in the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. This chapter reviews the progresses done so far in the vascular differentiation of hPSCs focusing in the efficiency and kinetics of the differentiation protocols, inductive signals, maturation, and functionality of the hPSC-derived cells and their therapeutic potential.
Optimal sustainable fault tolerant control of five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (2015)

This paper presents the optimal sustainable fault tolerant control of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-SynRM). Advanced fault tolerant control system has been required for applications where high reliability and safety is required including hybrid/electric vehicles and aerospace industry. The proposed fault tolerant control strategy is based on advanced vector control of multiphase machine which provide safe machine operation under various phase loss fault conditions. To achieve effective and sustainable fault tolerant operation of PMa-SynRM which utilizes reluctance torque through large saliency ratio, the optimum torque angle has been derived to deliver the maximum output torque while reducing the phase currents to lessen saturation effect in the machine. The optimal set of currents during the fault has been found to provide sufficiently smooth and long-time fault tolerant operation under fault condition. Extensive theoretical analysis, finite element analysis (FEA), and MATLAB simulation has been carried out to derive proposed method. The experimental result has been found by utilizing the 5hp dynamo system controlled by TI DSP F28335.
Local Averaging for Fast Handoffs in Cellular Networks (2007)

We propose a local averaging technique for processing the received pilot signal strength, which can significantly improve handoff performance in cellular networks. In handoff algorithms, the received pilot signal strength is typically averaged to diminish the undesirable effect of the fast fading component. Unfortunately, the averaging process can substantially alter the characteristics of path loss and shadowing components, causing increased handoff delay. The proposed local averaging method provides significant improvement for handoff delay performance, especially in the non-line-of-sight case, when the mobile station turns around a corner. An important feature of local averaging is that the handoff performance is insensitive to the speed of the mobile station, such that velocity estimation is not needed. We develop efficient numerical procedures to compute the handoff performance metrics under local averaging
Neutronics Design of a Thorium-Fueled Fission Blanket for LIFE (Laser Inertial Fusion-based Energy) (2010)

The Laser Inertial Fusion-based Energy (LIFE) project at LLNL includes development of hybrid fusion-fission systems for energy generation. These hybrid LIFE engines use high-energy neutrons from laser-based inertial confinement fusion to drive a subcritical blanket of fission fuel that surrounds the fusion chamber. The fission blanket contains TRISO fuel particles packed into pebbles in a flowing bed geometry cooled by a molten salt (flibe). LIFE engines using a thorium fuel cycle provide potential improvements in overall fuel cycle performance and resource utilization compared to using depleted uranium (DU) and may minimize waste repository and proliferation concerns. A preliminary engine design with an initial loading of 40 metric tons of thorium can maintain a power level of 2000 MW{sub th} for about 55 years, at which point the fuel reaches an average burnup level of about 75% FIMA. Acceptable performance was achieved without using any zero-flux environment 'cooling periods' to allow {sup 233}Pa to decay to {sup 233}U; thorium undergoes constant irradiation in this LIFE engine design to minimize proliferation risks and fuel inventory. Vast reductions in end-of-life (EOL) transuranic (TRU) inventories compared to those produced by a similar uranium system suggest reduced proliferation risks. Decay heat generation in discharge fuel appears lower for a thorium LIFE engine than a DU engine but differences in radioactive ingestion hazard are less conclusive. Future efforts on development of thorium-fueled LIFE fission blankets engine development will include design optimization, fuel performance analysis work, and further waste disposal and nonproliferation analyses.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen antibody drug conjugate (PSMA ADC): A phase I trial in men with prostate cancer previously treated with taxane. (2012)

107 Background: The abundant expression of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) type II transmembrane glycoprotein on prostate cancer cells provides a rationale for antibody therapy. PSMA ADC, a fully humanized antibody to PSMA linked to the potent antitubulin agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), binds PSMA and is internalized within the prostate cancer cell where cleavage and release of free MMAE occur, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We report results from an ongoing phase 1 dose escalation study of PSMA ADC in patients (pts) with taxane-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (metCRPC). Methods: Eligibility requirements include metCRPC after taxane-containing regimen and ECOG status of 0 or 1. PSMA ADC was administered by IV infusion Q3W for up to 4 cycles. Adverse events, PK, PSA, circulating tumor cells, clinical disease progression and immunogenic response to PSMA ADC were assessed. Serum PSMA ADC and total antibody were measured by ELISA, and free MMAE was measured by LC/MS/MS. Dosing cohorts have ranged from 0.4 mg/kg to 2.2 mg/kg. Results: 26 pts have enrolled in six dosing cohorts (0.4, 0.7, 1.1, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 mg/kg). Treatment has to date been generally well tolerated with the most commonly seen adverse event being fatigue and the most common laboratory abnormalities being reversible changes in liver and hematological parameters. Antitumor activity manifested as reductions in PSA, circulating tumor cells and/or bone pain has been observed in the higher dose cohorts and appears to be dose-related. Exposure to PSMA ADC increased with dose and was ∼1,000-fold greater than MMAE exposure. Similar PK metrics were observed after the first and third doses. Dosing at the 2.2 mg/kg cohort is continuing and an MTD has not yet been reached. Conclusions: In pts with metCRPC previously treated with taxane PSMA ADC has exhibited dose-related antitumor activity. The MTD has not yet been reached and enrollment is ongoing at higher dose levels.
Novel Lipogenic Enzyme ELOVL7 Is Involved in Prostate Cancer Growth through Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism (2009)

A number of epidemiologic studies have indicated a strong association between dietary fat intake and prostate cancer development, suggesting that lipid metabolism plays some important roles in prostate carcinogenesis and its progression. In this study, through our genome-wide gene expression analysis of clinical prostate cancer cells, we identified a novel lipogenic gene, ELOVL7, coding a possible long-chain fatty acid elongase, as overexpressed in prostate cancer cells. ELOVL7 expression is regulated by the androgen pathway through SREBP1, as well as other lipogenic enzymes. Knockdown of ELOVL7 resulted in drastic attenuation of prostate cancer cell growth, and it is notable that high-fat diet promoted the growth of in vivo tumors of ELOVL7-expressed prostate cancer. In vitro fatty acid elongation assay and fatty acid composition analysis indicated that ELOVL7 was preferentially involved in fatty acid elongation of saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (SVLFA, C20:0 approximately ). Lipid profiles showed that knockdown of ELOVL7 in prostate cancer cells affected SVLFAs in the phospholipids and the neutral lipids, such as cholesterol ester. Focusing on cholesterol ester as a source of de novo steroid synthesis, we show that ELOVL7 affected de novo androgen synthesis in prostate cancer cells. These findings suggest that EVOLV7 could be involved in prostate cancer growth and survival through the metabolism of SVLFAs and their derivatives, could be a key molecule to elucidate the association between fat dietary intake and prostate carcinogenesis, and could also be a promising molecular target for development of new therapeutic or preventive strategies for prostate cancers.
Effect of MnO<sub>2</sub> on the Piezoelectric Properties of (1-x)(Na<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub>–xBaTiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics (2005)

(Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 (NKN) and BaTiO 3 (BT) ceramics form a homogeneous solid solution. The relative density of the (1- x )NKN– x BT solid solutions significantly decreased when x ≤0.07. Although the relative density of the 0.95NKN–0.05BT ceramic was very low, it had a high d 33 value of 134 pC/N. MnO 2 was added to improve the piezoelectric properties of the 0.95NKN–0.05BT ceramics by enhancing their sinterability. The addition of MnO 2 increased the density of the specimens, as well as improving the piezoelectric properties. The 0.9 mol % MnO 2 added 0.95NKN–0.05BT ceramics showed the good piezoelectric properties of k p =0.31, d 33 =194 pC/N and ε 3 T / ε 0 = 800.
Design Considerations for a System for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Employing Mixed-Metal Photochemical Molecular Devices for Photoinitiated Electron Collection (2009)

Supramolecular complexes coupling Ru(II) or Os(II) polyazine light absorbers through bridging ligands to Rh(III) or Ir(III) allow the study of factors impacting photoinitiated electron collection and multielectron water reduction to produce hydrogen. The [{(bpy)(2)Ru(dpb)}(2)IrCl(2)](PF(6))(5) system represents the first photoinitiated electron collector in a molecular system (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dpb = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)benzoquinoxaline). The [{(bpy)(2)Ru(dpp)}(2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(5) system represents the first photoinitiated electron collector that affords photochemical hydrogen production from water in the presence of an electron donor, N,N-dimethylaniline (dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine). The complexes [{(bpy)(2)Ru(dpp)}(2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(5), [{(bpy)(2)Ru(dpp)}(2)RhBr(2)](PF(6))(5), [{(phen)(2)Ru(dpp)}(2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(5), [{(bpy)(2)Os(dpp)}(2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(5), [{(tpy)RuCl(dpp)}(2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(3), [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}(2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(3), and [{(bpy)(2)Ru(dpb)}(2)IrCl(2)](PF(6))(5) are herein evaluated with respect to their functioning as hydrogen photocatalysts (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). With the exceptions of [{(bpy)(2)Ru(dpb)}(2)IrCl(2)](PF(6))(5) and [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}(2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(3), all other complexes demonstrate photocatalytic activity. The functioning systems possess a rhodium localized lowest unoccupied molecular orbital that serves as the site of electron collection and a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) and/or metal-to-metal charge-transfer ((3)MMCT) excited-state with sufficient driving force for excited-state reduction by the electron donor. The lack of photocatalytic activity by [{(bpy)(2)Ru(dpb)}(2)IrCl(2)](PF(6))(5), although photoinitiated electron collection occurs, establishes the significance of the rhodium center in the photocatalytic system. The lack of photocatalytic activity of [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}(2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(3) is attributed to the lower-energy (3)MLCT state that does not possess sufficient driving force for excited-state reduction by the electron donor. The variation of electron donor showed the photocatalysis efficiency to decrease in the order N,N-dimethylaniline > triethylamine > triethanolamine. The general design considerations for development of supramolecular assemblies that function as water reduction photocatalysts are discussed.
Efficient Approach to Cyclic Scheduling of Single-Arm Cluster Tools With Chamber Cleaning Operations and Wafer Residency Time Constraint (2018)

In semiconductor manufacturing, with the shrinking down of wafer circuit widths, a strict quality control is required for wafer fabrication processes, resulting in that after a wafer being processed and removed from a chamber, a cleaning operation that takes significant time is performed for eliminating the chemical residual. Such a cleaning operation makes a traditional backward strategy for single-arm cluster tools inefficient. By the existing studies, it is shown that the productivity can be improved if some numbers of chambers at a step are kept empty. With this idea, an extended backward strategy is proposed by deciding the optimal number of empty chambers. Based on such a strategy, this paper studies the challenging problem for scheduling a single-arm cluster tool with both chamber cleaning operations and wafer residency time constraint for the first time. By building a timed Petri net model for the system, two linear programs are proposed to determine the minimal cycle time and test the existence of a feasible schedule and find it if existing. At last, two industrial examples are used to demonstrate the obtained results.
Estimation of Interference-Free Transmit Power for Opportunistic Spectrum Access (2008)

We consider a scenario in which frequency agile radios opportunistically share a fixed spectrum resource with a set of primary nodes. We develop a collaborative scheme for frequency agile radios to estimate the maximum power at which they can transmit, without causing harmful interference to the primary receivers. The proposed scheme relies on signal strength measurements, which are used to localize primary transmitters. An approximation to the maximum interference-free transmit power is derived using the Cramer-Rao lower bound on localization accuracy. We present numerical results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme under a variety of scenarios.
An Efficient Approach to Isolation and Characterization of Pre- and Postnatal Umbilical Cord Lining Stem Cells for Clinical Applications (2010)

There have been various forms of mesenchymal stem cell-like (MSC-like) cells isolated from umbilical cords (UCs). The isolation of umbilical cord lining stem cells (ULSCs) may be of great value for those interested in a possible treatment to several disease/disorders. Unlike umbilical cord blood cells, these cells are unique because they can be expanded to therapeutically relevant numbers and cryopreserved for several different uses. Here we efficiently isolate stem cells from a small segment of pre- and postnatal UCs, and obtain therapeutically relevant amounts of ULSCs within 3 weeks. We demonstrate their growth potential and characterize them using immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR. In addition, we differentiate ULSCs into multiple lineages. Pre- and postnatal ULSCs are morphologically similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and easily expand to greater than 70 population doublings. They express pluripotent markers Oct4 and nanog at the protein and RNA level. Flow cytometry demonstrates that they express markers indicative of MSCs in addition to high SSEA-4 expression. ULSCs are easily differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, cardiogenic, and neurogenic cells. Pre- and postnatal ULSCs are characteristically similar in respect to their growth, marker expression, and plasticity, demonstrating they are highly conserved throughout development. ULSCs have phenotypic and genotypic properties of MSCs. These studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of an otherwise discarded tissue. They are a perfect HLA match for the donor and an excellent match for immediate family members; therefore, they may serve as a therapeutic cell source.