gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histochemically demonstrable changes in cell surface carbohydrates of human germ cell tumors. (1984)

Cell surface carbohydrate chains of human germ cell tumors were investigated histochemically using peanut agglutinin (PNA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-1), and anti-I-(Ma) antibody. Of 16 cases of embryonal carcinoma in adult testis, peanut agglutinin, a lectin specific for terminal beta-galactosyl residues, bound to the surface of tumor cells in 11 cases, D. biflorus agglutinin, a lectin specific for terminal alpha-N-acetyl galactosamine residues, in 10, and U. europaeus agglutinin, a lectin specific for terminal alpha-L-fucosyl residues in 7. I-(Ma) antigen, a branched carbohydrate chain composed of three N-acetyl lactosamine units, was found in 12 cases as well. The cell surface of tubular or organoid architecture tended to be positive for some of these four reagents, whereas that of a papillary pattern tended to be negative. All yolk sac tumors (three in adult testis, 10 in infantile testis, and four in ovary) were positive for peanut and U. europaeus agglutinins and anti-I-(Ma) antibody but were negative for D. biflorus agglutinin. Seventeen of 18 seminomas (in adult testis) and one dysgerminoma (in ovary) did not react with these four reagents. Four choriocarcinomas (three in testis and one in ovary) were not positive for any of them either. In 10 cases of immature teratoma, the appearance of the binding sites to these lectins and antibody depended on the direction of differentiation and the degree of maturity. These findings suggest that carbohydrate chains of human germ cell tumors change greatly in the process of differentiation from embryonal carcinoma cells to somatic cell (teratoid) component or yolk sac carcinoma component, and that histochemical detection of the binding sites described may assist in the classification of germ cell tumors, in spite of the lack of precise knowledge about the biologic role of cell surface carbohydrates.
Isolation of yeasts producing ethanol from beet molasses. (1987)

1.甜菜糖蜜に対して強いアルコール発酵力を有する酵母2株, 909-1及び180を選択した。それら2株について同定をしたところ, いずれもSaccharomyces cereisiaeであった。180は, ホモvタリックで強い凝集性を有し, 909-1は, ヘテロタリックでキラー性を有していた。2.発酵終了液の残糖は, フルクトースが約70%を占めラフイノースは, 大部分発酵に利用された。3.選択した2株は, 甜菜糖蜜のみならず甘蔗糖蜜に対しても優れた発酵力を示したが, 甘蔗糖蜜では発酵が比較的すみやかに行なわれるのに対し甜菜糖蜜では立ちあがりが遅く発酵期間も長くなった。またその原因は, 栄養分の欠除ではなくむしろ何らかの発酵阻害物質によるものと考えられた。最後にSC-90を分与いただいた元タイ国カセサート大学K.JAROON博士に深謝いたします。
Comparison of HCCI Operating Ranges for Combinations of Intake Temperature, Engine Speed and Fuel Composition (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A series of engine experiments have been performed to explore the impact intake temperature, engine speed and fuel composition on the HCCI operating range of a CFR engine. The experimental matrix covers a range of engine speeds 600 - 2000 RPM), intake temperatures (300 K - 400 K), and four different fuels. Three of the fuels had different chemical composition but had equivalent research octane numbers of 91.8. The fourth fuel, a blend of primary reference fuels had a research octane number of 70.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The acceptable HCCI operating range of the engine was defined through two criteria; the rate of pressure rise needed to be less than 10 MPa per crank angle and the covariance of the indicated mean effective pressure needed to be less than 10 percent. Using these limits the HCCI operating range for the engine was evaluated for the experimental matrix. Data for emissions, and fuel consumption as well as in-cylinder pressure were recorded.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The HCCI operating range was broader for the lower octane fuel. Finally it is observed that the chemical composition of the fuel is important. With all other input parameters being equivalent, the three fuels with the same research octane number all exhibit different HCCI operating regimes.</div>
Analysis of sub‐ppb levels of Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) by electrokinetic supercharging preconcentration, CZE separation, and in‐capillary derivatization (2007)

The analysis of sub-ppb levels of Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) in heat exchanger fluids of nuclear power plants is needed to monitor corrosion. A method involving preconcentration with electrokinetic supercharging (electrokinetic injection with transient ITP), CZE separation, and in-capillary derivatization with ortho-phenanthroline (o-Phe) for direct UV detection was thus developed. First, a multizone BGE was loaded into the capillary by successive hydrodynamic introduction of zones of (i) o-Phe-containing BGE, (ii) BGE for the zonal separation, and (iii) ammonium-based leading electrolyte. Metal cations were electrokinetically injected and stacked at the capillary inlet behind this last leading zone. Finally, a terminating electrolyte zone was hydrodynamically introduced. When a constant voltage was applied, metal ions kept on concentrating isotachophoretically, then separated in CZE mode, were complexed by migrating through an o-Phe zone, and finally detected by direct absorbance. To detect extremely thin peaks, it was attempted for the first time to focus the derivatization reagent by inducing a second transient ITP, before labeling analytes, already separated in CZE mode. With this arrangement, LODs were about 30 ppt in pure water. In heat exchanger fluid matrices containing 1000 ppm bore and 2 ppm lithium, only Fe(II) cation was detected among the three cations of interest at the 1 ppb level using the present method, and its LOD was about ten times higher, due to the lower loading rate during electrokinetic injection.
Corrigendum to “Individual and common inhibitors of coronavirus and picornavirus main proteases” [FEBS Lett. 583 (2009) 549–555] (2009)

An unfortunate error occurred in the affiliations of the authors. The correct affiliations are given above.
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory-based screening for hepatitis C in dried blood spot samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2019)

The dried blood spot (DBS) is increasingly used for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis of the methodology for HCV screening in DBS samples, particularly in the type of diagnostic assay used. We performed a meta-analysis of all eligible studies published to date (March 2018). The literature search revealed 26 studies: 21 for detection of anti-HCV antibodies and 10 for detection of HCV-RNA. Statistical analyses were performed using Meta-DiSc and STATA (MIDAS module). For detection of HCV antibodies, pooled diagnostic accuracy measures were as follows: sensitivity 96.1%, specificity 99.2%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 105, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.04, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 2692.9, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) 0.997 ± 0.001. For detection of HCV-RNA, the pooled diagnostic accuracy measures were as follows: sensitivity 97.8%, specificity 99.2%, PLR 44.8, NLR 0.04, DOR 1966.9, and SROC 0.996 ± 0.013. Similar values of pooled diagnostic accuracy measures were found according to the type of anti-HCV antibody detection assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rapid diagnostic test, and chemiluminescence assays) and HCV-RNA detection assay (real-time polymerase chain reaction and transcription-mediated amplification). The analysis of external validity showed a high negative predicted value (NPV) for both approaches, but a low positive predicted value (PPV) when prevalence was < 10%, particularly in HCV-RNA tests. Finally, this meta-analysis is subject to limitations, especially publication bias and significant heterogeneity between studies. In conclusion, HCV screening in DBS samples has an outstanding diagnostic performance, with no relevant differences between the techniques used. However, external validity may be limited when the HCV prevalence is low.
Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography at 1 MHz (2014)

Image acquisition speed of optical coherence tomography (OCT) remains a fundamental barrier that limits its scientific and clinical utility. Here we demonstrate a novel multi-camera adaptive optics (AO-)OCT system for ophthalmologic use that operates at 1 million A-lines/s at a wavelength of 790 nm with 5.3 μm axial resolution in retinal tissue. Central to the spectral-domain design is a novel detection channel based on four high-speed spectrometers that receive light sequentially from a 1 × 4 optical switch assembly. Absence of moving parts enables ultra-fast (50ns) and precise switching with low insertion loss (-0.18 dB per channel). This manner of control makes use of all available light in the detection channel and avoids camera dead-time, both critical for imaging at high speeds. Additional benefit in signal-to-noise accrues from the larger numerical aperture afforded by the use of AO and yields retinal images of comparable dynamic range to that of clinical OCT. We validated system performance by a series of experiments that included imaging in both model and human eyes. We demonstrated the performance of our MHz AO-OCT system to capture detailed images of individual retinal nerve fiber bundles and cone photoreceptors. This is the fastest ophthalmic OCT system we know of in the 700 to 915 nm spectral band.
Multiresolution techniques on a parallel multidisplay multiresolution image compositing system (2001)

In most computer graphics applications resolution is a tradeoff. Using low-resolution images provide a low quality display, but typically allow higher frame rates because less data needs to be computed. High-resolution images, on the other hand, give the best display, yet are hindered by slower refresh times and thus limit user interactivity. Low image quality and low user interactivity are both detriments to computer graphics visualization applications. The question then is what can be done to minimize this impact. 
The aim of this dissertation is to explore how to use multiresolution in order to provide the best balance between image quality and user interactivity on a parallel multidisplay multiresolution image compositing system with antialiasing called the Metabuffer. The architecture of the Metabuffer, a simulator written in C++, and a Beowulf cluster based emulator are fully described in this dissertation. Additional supporting hardware and software detailed in this document include an algorithm to partition data sets into Metabuffer viewports and a wireless visualization control device. 
Using the Beowulf cluster based Metabuffer emulator, two multiresolution techniques are studied: progressive image composition and foveated vision. Progressive image composition allows the user to rapidly change view points without immediately moving data between PCs. Instead, the resolution of each PC's viewport adjusts in order to cover the visible polygons for which it is responsible. The larger, low-resolution viewports have lower image quality, but the user sees no drop in frame rate. Over time, the PCs can readjust their data in order to shrink their viewports and provide high-resolution imagery. Foveated vision allows computing resources to be concentrated only where the user is actually focused. Human peripheral vision cannot discern high levels of detail. Rendering the periphery with a low polygon count using a few low-resolution viewports allows the majority of the machines to render high-resolution viewports only where the user (or users) are looking thus increasing the frame rate.
Guidelines for treatment of leishmaniasis in dogs (2010)

Drug treatment of leishmaniasis in dogs is a challenge\nfor veterinary practitioners. Because of its\ncomplex pathogenesis, leishmaniasis may manifest with\nvarious clinical signs, ranging from mild and nonspecific\nto those reflecting severe involvement of several\norgans. The immune response plays an important role\nin the development, outcome, and response to treatment\nof Leishmania infection in dogs.1 All known anti-\nLeishmania drugs used in dogs can lead to temporary\nor permanent remission of clinical signs, but none are\nsufficient to eliminate the infection.2 Indeed, all anti-\nLeishmania drugs currently used in dogs were discovered\nand developed to treat leishmaniasis in humans.\nMost therapeutic protocols were developed through\nhuman clinical studies and thereafter adapted to dogs,\noften without sufficient pharmacokinetic information\nrelevant to dogs.\nIn dogs, the objectives of anti-Leishmania treatment\nare typically to induce a general reduction of the parasite\nload, to treat organ damage caused by the parasite,\nto restore efficient immune responses, to stabilize a\ndrug-induced clinical improvement, and to treat clinical\nrelapse. The most widely used drugs are described\nin the present report. In addition, we propose a 5-class\nstaging of leishmaniasis that can help in choosing the\nmost appropriate anti-Leishmania treatment. As with\nour guidelines for diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs,3\nthe guidelines reported here are an updated version of\nthose originally published in Italian in Veterinaria, the\nofficial journal of the Italian Society of Veterinarians\nGuidelines for treatment of leishmaniasis in dogs\nof Companion Animals, and are based on a thorough\nreview of international literature and, where data are\ninadequate or incomplete, are supplemented with the\nexperience of Canine Leishmaniasis Working Group\nmembers. The present guidelines are limited to specific\nantiparasite drugs and are not intended to cover\nother ancillary drugs that are often necessary during\ntreatment of leishmaniasis in dogs.
Algebraic aspects of cryptography (1998)

1. Cryptography.- 1. Early History.- 2. The Idea of Public Key Cryptography.- 3. The RSA Cryptosystem.- 4. Diffie-Hellman and the Digital Signature Algorithm.- 5. Secret Sharing, Coin Flipping, and Time Spent on Homework.- 6. Passwords, Signatures, and Ciphers.- 7. Practical Cryptosystems and Useful Impractical Ones.- Exercises.- 2. Complexity of Computations.- 1. The Big-O Notation.- Exercises.- 2. Length of Numbers.- Exercises.- 3. Time Estimates.- Exercises.- 4. P, NP, and NP-Completeness.- Exercises.- 5. Promise Problems.- 6. Randomized Algorithms and Complexity Classes.- Exercises.- 7. Some Other Complexity Classes.- Exercises.- 3. Algebra.- 1. Fields.- Exercises.- 2. Finite Fields.- Exercises.- 3. The Euclidean Algorithm for Polynomials.- Exercises.- 4. Polynomial Rings.- Exercises.- 5. Grobner Bases.- Exercises.- 4. Hidden Monomial Cryptosystems.- 1. The Imai-Matsumoto System.- Exercises.- 2. Patarin's Little Dragon.- Exercises.- 3. Systems That Might Be More Secure.- Exercises.- 5. Combinatorial-Algebraic Cryptosystems.- 1. History.- 2. Irrelevance of Brassard's Theorem.- Exercises.- 3. Concrete Combinatorial-Algebraic Systems.- Exercises.- 4. The Basic Computational Algebra Problem.- Exercises.- 5. Cryptographic Version of Ideal Membership.- 6. Linear Algebra Attacks.- 7. Designing a Secure System.- 6. Elliptic and Hyperelliptic Cryptosystems.- 1. Elliptic Curves.- Exercises.- 2. Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems.- Exercises.- 3. Elliptic Curve Analogues of Classical Number Theory Problems.- Exercises.- 4. Cultural Background: Conjectures on Elliptic Curves and Surprising Relations with Other Problems.- 5. Hyperelliptic Curves.- Exercises.- 6. Hyperelliptic Cryptosystems.- Exercises.- 1. Basic Definitions and Properties.- 2. Polynomial and Rational Functions.- 3. Zeros and Poles.- 4. Divisors.- 5. Representing Semi-Reduced Divisors.- 6. Reduced Divisors.- 7. Adding Reduced Divisors.- Exercises.- Answers to Exercises.
Size effects of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles as oil additives on tribology of lubricant (2010)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological properties of liquid paraffin with SiO 2 nanoparticles additive made by a sol‐gel method. Design/methodology/approach The tribological properties of the SiO 2 nanoparticles as an additive in liquid paraffin are measured using a ball‐on‐ring wear tester to determine the optimal additive concentration. The mechanism that wear and friction are reduced is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Findings Experimental results indicate that the sizes of the synthesized SiO 2 nanoparticles are distributed uniformly and that the optimal concentrations of SiO 2 nanoparticles in liquid paraffin is associated with better tribological properties than pure paraffin oil, and an anti‐wear (AW) ability that depends on the particle size. Originality/value It is shown in the paper that by reducing friction and AW, the lubricant prepared by the methods described can prolong operating hours of machinery.
Inverse 4D conformal planning for lung SBRT using particle swarm optimization (2016)

A critical aspect of highly potent regimens such as lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is to avoid collateral toxicity while achieving planning target volume (PTV) coverage. In this work, we describe four dimensional conformal radiotherapy using a highly parallelizable swarm intelligence-based stochastic optimization technique. Conventional lung CRT-SBRT uses a 4DCT to create an internal target volume and then, using forward-planning, generates a 3D conformal plan. In contrast, we investigate an inverse-planning strategy that uses 4DCT data to create a 4D conformal plan, which is optimized across the three spatial dimensions (3D) as well as time, as represented by the respiratory phase. The key idea is to use respiratory motion as an additional degree of freedom. We iteratively adjust fluence weights for all beam apertures across all respiratory phases considering OAR sparing, PTV coverage and delivery efficiency. To demonstrate proof-of-concept, five non-small-cell lung cancer SBRT patients were retrospectively studied. The 4D optimized plans achieved PTV coverage comparable to the corresponding clinically delivered plans while showing significantly superior OAR sparing ranging from 26% to 83% for D max heart, 10%-41% for D max esophagus, 31%-68% for D max spinal cord and 7%-32% for V 13 lung.
Inactivating ARID1A Tumor Suppressor Enhances TERT Transcription and Maintains Telomere Length in Cancer Cells (2016)

ARID1A is a tumor suppressor gene that belongs to the switch/sucrose non-fermentable chromatin remodeling gene family. It is mutated in many types of human cancer with the highest frequency in endometrium-related ovarian and uterine neoplasms including ovarian clear cell, ovarian endometrioid, and uterine endometrioid carcinomas. We have previously reported that mutations in the promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) rarely co-occur with the loss of ARID1A protein expression, suggesting a potential role of ARID1A in telomere biology. In this study, we demonstrate that ARID1A negatively regulates TERT transcriptional regulation and activity via binding to the regulatory element of TERT and promotes a repressive histone mode. Induction of ARID1A expression was associated with increased occupancy of SIN3A and H3K9me3, known transcription repressor and histone repressor marks, respectively. Thus, loss of ARID1A protein expression caused by inactivating mutations reactivates TERT transcriptional activity and confers a survival advantage of tumor cells by maintaining their telomeres.
Latent Variable Models for Predicting File Dependencies in Large-Scale Software Development (2010)

When software developers modify one or more files in a large code base, they must also identify and update other related files. Many file dependencies can be detected by mining the development history of the code base: in essence, groups of related files are revealed by the logs of previous workflows. From data of this form, we show how to detect dependent files by solving a problem in binary matrix completion. We explore different latent variable models (LVMs) for this problem, including Bernoulli mixture models, exponential family PCA, restricted Boltzmann machines, and fully Bayesian approaches. We evaluate these models on the development histories of three large, open-source software systems: Mozilla Firefox, Eclipse Subversive, and Gimp. In all of these applications, we find that LVMs improve the performance of related file prediction over current leading methods. 1
A Single-chip Transceiver Module for 76-GHz Automotive Radar Sensors (2001)

We used novel flip-chip MMIC design techniques to develop a single-chip transceiver MMIC module for 76-GHz automotive radar sensors. The area of the MMIC chip is only 8.46 mm2. The MMIC is hermetically sealed in a module package, which is designed to allow direct-probe RF testing of the module.
Fabrication and Characterization of Asymmetric Janus and Ternary Particles (2010)

Asymmetric Janus and ternary silica particles with an average diameter of 450 nm were fabricated by sequentially arranged particle-embedding and surface-modification processes. Thermally induced embedding of particles into polymer-fiber substrates allowed for precise control of the degree of particle submergence and the subsequent chemical modification of the hemispherical exposed particle surfaces. In addition to Janus particles with the desired surface-functionality ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1, this unique fabrication approach was also used to produce complicated and well-defined heterogeneous materials, including bifunctionalized Janus and ternary particles. The bifunctionalized Janus particles were produced with two hemispherical surfaces alternately labeled with gold and iron oxide nanoparticles, which simultaneously enabled anisotropic surface-plasmon resonance and a magnetic response. Ternary particles were also constructed, yielding submicrometer spheres with functionalized equatorial belts. The surface distributions of functional components in these spherical materials were carefully examined for uniformities in particle embedding. Statistical analyses revealed that the functional components were distributed with a uniformity of over 80% for all of the asymmetric Janus and ternary particles.
Fatal Anaphylaxis: Mortality Rate and Risk Factors (2017)

Up to 5% of the US population has suffered anaphylaxis. Fatal outcome is rare, such that even for people with known venom or food allergy, fatal anaphylaxis constitutes less than 1% of total mortality risk. The incidence of fatal anaphylaxis has not increased in line with hospital admissions for anaphylaxis. Fatal drug anaphylaxis may be increasing, but rates of fatal anaphylaxis to venom and food are stable. Risk factors for fatal anaphylaxis vary according to cause. For fatal drug anaphylaxis, previous cardiovascular morbidity and older age are risk factors, with beta-lactam antibiotics, general anesthetic agents, and radiocontrast injections the commonest triggers. Fatal food anaphylaxis most commonly occurs during the second and third decades. Delayed epinephrine administration is a risk factor; common triggers are nuts, seafood, and in children, milk. For fatal venom anaphylaxis, risk factors include middle age, male sex, white race, cardiovascular disease, and possibly mastocytosis; insect triggers vary by region. Upright posture is a feature of fatal anaphylaxis to both food and venom. The rarity of fatal anaphylaxis and the significant quality of life impact of allergic conditions suggest that quality of life impairment should be a key consideration when making treatment decisions in patients at risk for anaphylaxis.
In utero Electroporation of Mouse Embryo Brains (2012)

This is a non-invasive technique to introduce transgenes into developing brains. In this technique, DNA is injected into the lateral ventricle of the embryonic brains, and is incorporated into the cells through electroporation. Embryos then continue their development in normal conditions in vivo. The effects of genes of interest can be evaluated at certain time points after in utero electroporation. This technique allows acute knockdown or over expression of genes of interest. Compensatory effects from other genes are less likely to happen; it also circumvents possible chronic detrimental effects., 这是将转基因引入发育中的大脑的非侵入性技术。 在该技术中，将DNA注入胚胎脑的侧脑室，并通过电穿孔掺入细胞中。 胚胎然后在正常条件下在体内继续其发育。 可以在子宫内电穿孔后的某些时间点评估感兴趣的基因的效应。 这种技术允许急性敲减或过表达感兴趣的基因。 其他基因的补偿效应不太可能发生; 它也绕过可能的慢性有害影响。