gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Design, Use, and Misuse of Fish Tags (1992)

We examined the capabilities and limitations of coded wire and external fish tags and attempted to develop an improved identification system. Coded wire tags are small implants with relatively low levels of biological effect, but as commonly used they do not facilitate individual identification, information recovery from live fish, or visible recovery. Typical external tags have these features, but are larger and have greater biological effects. We halted efforts to develop external tags with reduced negative effects when we became aware of problems resulting from permanent penetration of skin layers. Alternate approaches led to the development of a tag that is implanted in transparent tissue, and that is externally visible with a discernable code, thus combining useful features of coded wire and external tags. The process of investigating tag performance disclosed inconsistencies and deficiencies in common practices. The perceived need for individual identification appears to be exaggerated. The ability to retrieve information from live fish is important in relatively few studies. The use of large, conspicuous tags to assure recovery is also questionable. Further, in most studies crucial information about tag effectiveness is often absent and infrequently sought. There is need for more testing under specific conditions of use and for conservative assumptions when such testing is absent.
Analysis of hepatitis C virus core/NS5A protein co-localization using novel cell culture systems expressing core–NS2 and NS5A of genotypes 1–7 (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen infecting hepatocytes. With the advent of infectious cell culture systems, the HCV particle assembly and release processes are finally being uncovered. The HCV core and NS5A proteins co-localize on cytoplasmic lipid droplets (cLDs) or on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at different stages of particle assembly. Current knowledge on assembly and release is primarily based on studies in genotype 2a cell culture systems; however, given the high genetic heterogeneity of HCV, variations might exist among genotypes. Here, we developed novel HCV strain JFH1-based recombinants expressing core-NS2 and NS5A from genotypes 1-7, and analysed core and NS5A co-localization in infected cells. Huh7.5 cells were transfected with RNA of core-NS2/NS5A recombinants and putative adaptive mutations were analysed by reverse genetics. Adapted core-NS2/NS5A recombinants produced infectivity titres of 10(2.5)-10(4.5) f.f.u. ml(-1). Co-localization analysis demonstrated that the core and NS5A proteins from all genotypes co-localized extensively, and there was no significant difference in protein co-localization among genotypes. In addition, we found that the core and NS5A proteins were highly associated with cLDs at 12 h post-infection but became mostly ER associated at later stages. Finally, we found that different genotypes showed varying levels of core/cLD co-localization, with a possible effect on viral assembly/release. In summary, we developed a panel of HCV genotype 1-7 core-NS2/NS5A recombinants producing infectious virus, and an immunostaining protocol detecting the core and NS5A proteins from seven different genotypes. These systems will allow, for the first time, investigation of core/NS5A interactions during assembly and release of HCV particles of all major genotypes.
BiOCl-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B under white light and monochromatic green pulsed laser irradiation (2012)

BiOCl-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh. B) molecules was investigated by using white light and green pulsed laser as sources of irradiation in the visible region for the first time. The dependences of removal efficiencies on catalyst dosage, incident pulsed laser energy were investigated and discussed. The dissolved oxygen was found to play an important role during the photochemical reaction. In addition the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of Rh. B molecular were calculated using a Gaussian 03 program. These calculations were valuable to identify the possible photo-catalytic excitation process involved in degradation of Rh.B.
Synchronous reference based harmonic sharing control loops for parallel connected UPS system (2016)

Users are favoring of distributed uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems as an alternative to a large conventional UPS system. To meet expectations of the users, the parallel operation is a special feature of distributed UPS systems. In present work a master-slave based configuration is used for parallel connected UPS systems and the problem associated with power sharing is addressed. The aim is to overcome the challenges of unequal power sharing by using a synchronous reference frame based harmonic sharing control loops. In proposed topology a load current and inverter current information are used by each UPS unit to achieve the required power sharing accuracy. Further, the operations of proposed harmonic sharing loops are compared with the convention control loop. Experimental results from a setup with three parallel 60kVA UPS verify the effectiveness of the proposed harmonic control strategy.
Stress in Multilayers and Thin Films (1994)

Thin films and multilayers are typically under stresses that are large enough to deform substrate surfaces by up to several nanometers. The origins of these stresses and measurement techniques will be discussed.
Incorporating the Perception of Visual Roughness into the Design of Mid-Air Haptic Textures (2020)

Ultrasonic mid-air haptic feedback enables the tactile exploration of virtual objects in digital environments. However, an object’s shape and texture is perceived multimodally, commencing before tactile contact is made. Visual cues, such as the spatial distribution of surface elements, play a critical first step in forming an expectation of how a texture should feel. When rendering surface texture virtually, its verisimilitude is dependent on whether these visually inferred prior expectations are experienced during tactile exploration. To that end, our work proposes a method where the visual perception of roughness is integrated into the rendering algorithm of mid-air haptic texture feedback. We develop a machine learning model trained on crowd-sourced visual roughness ratings of texture images from the Penn Haptic Texture Toolkit (HaTT). We establish tactile roughness ratings for different mid-air haptic stimuli and match these ratings to our model’s output, creating an end-to-end automated visuo-haptic rendering algorithm. We validate our approach by conducting a user study to examine the utility of the mid-air haptic feedback. This work can be used to automatically create tactile virtual surfaces where the visual perception of texture roughness guides the design of mid-air haptic feedback.
Influence of flanking sequences on presentation efficiency of a CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell epitope delivered by parvovirus-like particles (2004)

We have previously developed an antigen-delivery system based on hybrid recombinant porcine parvovirus-like particles (PPV-VLPs) formed by the self-assembly of the VP2 protein of PPV carrying a foreign epitope at its N terminus. In this study, different constructs were made containing a CD8(+) T-cell epitope of chicken ovalbumin (OVA) to analyse the influence of the sequence inserted into VP2 on the correct processing of VLPs by antigen-presenting cells. We analysed the presentation of the OVA epitope inserted without flanking sequences or with either different natural flanking sequences or with the natural flanking sequences of a CD8(+) T-cell epitope from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein, and as a dimer with or without linker sequences. All constructs were studied in terms of level of expression, assembly of VLPs and ability to deliver the inserted epitope into the MHC I pathway. The presentation of the OVA epitope was considerably improved by insertion of short natural flanking sequences, which indicated the relevance of the flanking sequences on the processing of PPV-VLPs. Only PPV-VLPs carrying two copies of the OVA epitope linked by two glycines were able to be properly processed, suggesting that the introduction of flexible residues between the two consecutive OVA epitopes may be necessary for the correct presentation of these dimers by PPV-VLPs. These results provide information to improve the insertion of epitopes into PPV-VLPs to facilitate their processing and presentation by MHC class I molecules.
High conductivity transparent carbon nanotube films deposited from superacid (2011)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were deposited from a chlorosulfonic superacid solution onto PET substrates by a filtration/transfer method. The sheet resistance and transmission (at 550 nm) of the films were 60 Ω/sq and 90.9% respectively, which corresponds to a DC conductivity of 12,825 S cm(-1) and a DC/optical conductivity ratio of 64.1. This is the highest DC conductivity reported for CNT thin films to date, and attributed to both the high quality of the CNT material and the exfoliation/doping by the superacid. This work demonstrates that CNT transparent films have not reached the conductivity limit; continued improvements will enable these films to be used as the transparent electrode for applications in solid state lighting, LCD displays, touch panels, and photovoltaics.
The nuclear export inhibitor aminoratjadone is a potent effector in extracellular-targeted drug conjugates (2019)

The concept of targeted drug conjugates has been successfully translated to clinical practice in oncology. Whereas the majority of cytotoxic effectors in drug conjugates are directed against either DNA or tubulin, our study aimed to validate nuclear export inhibition as a novel effector principle in drug conjugates. For this purpose, a semisynthetic route starting from the natural product ratjadone A, a potent nuclear export inhibitor, has been developed. The biological evaluation of ratjadones functionalized at the 16-position revealed that oxo- and amino-analogues had very high potencies against cancer cell lines (<i>e.g.</i> 16<i>R</i>-aminoratjadone <b>16</b> with IC<sub>50</sub> = 260 pM against MCF-7 cells, or 19-oxoratjadone <b>14</b> with IC<sub>50</sub> = 100 pM against A-549 cells). Mechanistically, the conjugates retained a nuclear export inhibitory activity through binding CRM1. To demonstrate a proof-of-principle for cellular targeting, folate- and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-based carrier molecules were synthesized and coupled to aminoratjadones as well as fluorescein for cellular efficacy and imaging studies, respectively. The Trojan-Horse conjugates selectively addressed receptor-positive cell lines and were highly potent inhibitors of their proliferation. For example, the folate conjugate <b>FA-7-Val-Cit-<i>p</i>ABA-16<i>R</i>-aminoratjadone</b> had an IC<sub>50</sub> of 34.3 nM, and the LHRH conjugate <b>d-Orn-Gose-Val-Cit-<i>p</i>ABA-16<i>R</i>-aminoratjadone</b> had an IC<sub>50</sub> of 12.8 nM. The results demonstrate that nuclear export inhibition is a promising mode-of-action for extracellular-targeted drug conjugate payloads.
Evidence based detection of spiculated masses and architectural distortions (2005)

Mass detection algorithms generally consist of two stages. The aim of the first stage is to detect all potential masses. In the second stage, the aim is to reduce the false-positives by classifying the detected objects as masses or normal tissue. In this paper, we present a new evidence based, stage-one algorithm for the detection of spiculated masses and architectural distortions. By evidence based, we mean that we use the statistics of the physical characteristics of these abnormalities to determine the parameters of the detection algorithm. Our stage-one algorithm consists of two steps, an enhancement step followed by a filtering step. In the first step, we propose a new technique for the enhancement of spiculations in which a linear filter is applied to the Radon transform of the image. In the second step, we filter the enhanced images with a new class of linear image filters called Radial Spiculation Filters. We have invented these filters specifically for detecting spiculated masses and architectural distortions that are marked by converging lines or spiculations. These filters are highly specific narrowband filters, which are designed to match the expected structures of these abnormalities and form a new class of wavelet-type filterbanks derived from optimal theories of filtering. A key aspect of this work is that each parameter of the filter has been incorporated to capture the variation in physical characteristics of spiculated masses and architectural distortions and that the parameters of the stage-one detection algorithm are determined by the physical measurements.
Image coding ringing artifact reduction using morphological post-filtering (2002)

Ringing is an annoying artifact frequently encountered in low bit-rate transform and subband decomposition based compression of different media such as image, intra frame video and graphics. A mathematical morphology based post-processing algorithm is presented in this paper for image ringing artifact suppression. First, we use binary morphological operators to isolate the regions of an image where the ringing artifact is most prominent to the human visual system (HVS) while preserving genuine edges and other (high-frequency) fine details present in the image. Then, a gray-level morphological nonlinear smoothing filter is applied to the unmasked regions of the image under the filtering mask to eliminate ringing within this constraint region. To gauge the effectiveness of this approach, we propose an HVS compatible objective measure of the ringing artifact. Preliminary simulations indicate that the proposed method is capable of significantly reducing the ringing artifact on both subjective and objective basis.
Stateless Network Functions (2015)

Newly virtualized network functions (like firewalls, routers, and intrusion detection systems) should be easy to consume. Despite recent efforts to improve their elasticity and high availability, network functions continue to maintain important flow state, requiring traditional development and deployment life cycles. At the same time, many cloud-scale applications are being rearchitected to be stateless by cleanly pushing application state into dedicated caches or backend stores. This state separation is enabling these applications to be more agile and support the so-called continuous deployment model. In this paper, we propose that network functions should be similarly redesigned to be stateless. Drawing insights from different classes of network functions, we describe how stateless network functions can leverage recent advances in low-latency network systems to achieve acceptable performance. Our Click-based prototype integrates with RAMCloud; using NAT as an example network function, we demonstrate that we are able to create stateless network functions that maintain the desired performance.
Seroprotective groups among isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi (1993)

We demonstrated that different seroprotective groups exist among isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii. The major group was composed of isolates 297, B31, S-1-10, MMTI, IPT, and ATCC 35211 and 21 isolates obtained from California, Illinois, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. A second group was composed of European isolates PBi and G25. A third group was composed of a single isolate, C-1-11. These groupings were supported by Western immunoblot findings. In addition, the seroprotective groups were confirmed by passive transfer of immune sera and challenge of recipient hamsters with the homologous isolate or other isolates of B. burgdorferi or B. garinii. These studies demonstrate that a monovalent vaccine will not provide complete protection against infection with all isolates of B. burgdorferi.
Two‐solution bone cements with cross‐linked micro and nano‐particles for vertebral fracture applications: Effects of zirconium dioxide content on the material and setting properties (2009)

The application of bone cements for the treatment of vertebral compression fracture requires radiopaque materials for adequate visualization of the flow under fluoroscopy. Besides high radiopacity, it is desirable for the cement to have relatively low viscosity, high compressive strength and appropriate curing parameters. In this study, the properties of novel two-solution bone cements composed of cross-linked poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA microspheres or nanospheres added to the linear polymer phase were assessed for formulations with increasing concentrations of zirconium dioxide (ZrO(2)). The addition of a cross-linked phase in the standard two-solution formulation (TSBC) was observed to improve the material properties by increasing setting time and decreasing maximum polymerization temperatures and decreasing the initial viscosity in comparison to the standard cement. The properties of three formulations (TSBC, modified two-solution containing cross-linked PMMA microspheres, and nanospheres) were measured for cements prepared at 0%, 5%, 20%, and 30% ZrO(2) and compared to KyphX. Cements prepared with cross-linked particles exhibited significantly higher compressive strength than the standard-two solution cement and KyphX at increasing radiopacifier concentrations. Furthermore, cement viscosity was increased by the addition of increasing concentrations of ZrO(2) in the modified two-solution cements, whereas the maximum polymerization exotherm and setting time of these materials were decreased. This study indicates that the addition of high concentrations of ZrO(2) significantly affects the properties of two-solution cements acting as a reinforcing phase when cross-linked spheres are added. These materials were observed to be suitable for vertebroplasty applications.
Through-Plane Conductivities of Membranes for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2015)

In this study, nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFB) leverage nonaqueous solvents to enable higher operating voltages compared to their aqueous counterparts. Most commercial components for flow batteries, however, are designed for aqueous use. One critical component, the ion-selective membrane, provides ionic conductance between electrodes while preventing crossover of electroactive species. Here we evaluate the area-specific conductances and through-plane conductivities of commercially available microporous separators (Celgard 2400, 2500) and anion exchange membranes (Neosepta AFX, Neosepta AHA, Fumasep FAP-450, Fumasep FAP-PK) soaked in acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, or two imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Fumasep membranes combined with acetonitrile-based electrolyte solutions provided the highest conductance values and conductivities by far. When tested in ionic liquids, all anion exchange membranes displayed conductivities greater than those of the Celgard microporous separators, though the separators’ decreased thickness-enabled conductances on par with the most conductive anion exchange membranes. Ionic conductivity is not the only consideration when choosing an anion exchange membrane; testing of FAP-450 and FAP-PK membranes in a nonaqueous RFB demonstrated that the increased mechanical stability of PEEK-supported FAP-PK minimized swelling, in turn decreasing solvent mediated crossover and enabling greater electrochemical yields (40% vs. 4%) and Coulombic efficiencies (94% vs. 90%) compared to the unsupported, higher conductance FAP-450.
Ultraviolet-visible non-supercontinuum ultrafast source enabled by switching single silicon strand-like photonic crystal fibers (2009)

Cherenkov radiation from short photonic crystal fiber with a high air-fill fraction can selectively convert the 1020 nm fs pump pulses from a laser oscillator to the fundamental-mode signal pulses at a significantly shorter wavelength. Across the ultraviolet-visible spectral region, the typical fiber output is characterized by a single isolated Cherenkov band having a multimilliwatt-level average power, a Gaussian-shaped spectrum, and a 3-dB bandwidth of 15 nm. By selecting photonic crystal fibers with smaller cores, the central wavelength of the Cherenkov band can be easily extended to 347 nm in the ultraviolet, in sharp contrast to various supercontinuum or non-supercontinuum fiber sources that have difficulty extending their emission spectra below 400 nm. The supercontinuum generation often associated with fs pulse-pumped fibers is efficiently suppressed by detuning the zero-dispersion wavelength of the photonic crystal fiber far shorter than the pump wavelength, a condition termed as the short nonlinear-interaction condition.
SHORT- AND LONG-TERM ENGRAFTMENT-POTENTIAL OF MOBILIZED FACILITATING CELLS AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS ACROSS MHC-BARRIERS (1998)

318 Bone marrow stem cell chimerism induces donor-specific tolerance to solid organ and cellular grafts without immunosuppressive therapy. Transplantation of purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) would offer the optimal approach to achieve chimerism yet avoid GVHD. Although HSC engraft readily in MHC-matched recipients, they require an accessory facilitating cell (FC) to engraft across MHC-barriers. We have previously characterized the FC population in murine bone marrow as CD8+/TCR-/NK-. We recently determined that both FC and HSC are most efficiently mobilized into peripheral blood (PB) by combined treatment with Flt3 ligand (FL) and G-CSF, while mobilization with G-CSF alone was less efficient. The aim of this study was to compare the engraftment-potential of FC and HSC mobilized by single and combined growth factor administration. Donor mice (B10.BR) received daily injections with 10µg FL, 7.5µg G-CSF or FL plus G-CSF. FL was given from day 1 to 10 and G-CSF from day 4 to 10. PB was obtained from growth factor-treated animals on day 10 and from untreated control mice and the percentage of FC (CD8+/TCR-) and primitive HSC (lineage-/Sca-1+/c-kit+) was analyzed by flow cytometry. C57BL/10SnJ recipients (n=3 to 7 per group) were conditioned with 950cGy TBI and reconstituted with PB containing 1 ×106, 2.5×106 and 5 ×106 PBMNC from mobilized or untreated donors, respectively. Engraftment was confirmed by flow cytometry after 1 and 6 months following transplantation.Table As few as 1 × 106 PBMNC mobilized with FL alone or FL plus G-CSF rescued 83% and 100% of animals from TBI-induced aplasia, respectively. In striking contrast, only 17% of recipients reconstituted with PB from G-CSF-treated donors were alive 30 days after TBI. All control animals died within 12 days. Even at a PBMNC dose of 5× 106, only 33% of recipients transplanted with PB mobilized with G-CSF alone survived. Flow cytometric analysis after 1 month showed > 90% donor chimerism in engrafted animals. After > 6 months, 67% of recipients treated with FL and FL plus G-CSF were alive and donor chimerism was > 99%. The presence of multiple hematopoietic lineages in these animals demonstrates HSC engraftment. We present in this study for the first time that allogeneic recipients can be rescued from TBI-induced aplasia with as few as 1 × 106 PBMNC mobilized by FL and FL plus G-CSF.