gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Antiviral and Immunosuppressive Activities of Leflunomide In Vivo (2005)

We previously reported that the immunosuppressive malononitrileamides leflunomide and FK778 exert antiviral activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV). In the current investigation, we tested the hypothesis that leflunomide exerts concurrent antiviral activity and immune suppression in CMV-infected cardiac allograft recipients. Lewis rats were transplanted with Brown Norway hearts and then inoculated with rat CMV. Plaque assay demonstrated that leflunomide (30 mg/kg/day) reduced viral loads by 4-6 logs, and that the reduction in viral load was unaffected by administration of uridine. Leflunomide was as effective as cyclosporine A (CsA) or tacrolimus in preservation of allograft integrity through day 28. These studies directly demonstrate the bifunctionality of leflunomide as concurrently immunosuppressive and antiviral, enhancing the promise of this agent as a clinical option for treatment of transplant recipients.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor NS9544 Acetate (2011)

(−)-3-(2-Benzothienyl)-8-H-8-azabicyclo[3,2,1]oct-2-ene acetate, NS9544 acetate, is a candidate drug intended to treat pain and other CNS disorders. In the synthetic route tropinone was enantioselective deprotonated with a chiral lithium amide derived from [R-(R*,R*)]-bis(α-methylbenzyl)amine hydrochloride. The formed enolate was trapped as triflate and coupled with benzo[b]thiophene-2-boronic acid under Suzuki conditions. To further enhance the enantiomeric purity crystallisation with l-(+)-tartaric acid was performed. Finally N-demethylation with trichloroethylchloroformate followed by treatment with acetic acid afforded NS9544 as the acetate salt with high enantiomeric purity.
Intra-Cochlear Electrocochleography During Cochear Implant Electrode Insertion Is Predictive of Final Scalar Location (2018)

Intracochlear ECochG may provide information about CI electrode location and hearing preservation.
Gamma-valerolactone, a sustainable platform molecule derived from lignocellulosic biomass (2013)

Lignocellulosic biomass typically contains more than 50 wt% sugars that can be upgraded to valuable platform molecules, such as levulinic acid (LA) and gamma-valerolactone (GVL). This article focuses on upgrading GVL produced from lignocellulosic biomass to various chemicals and fuels, such as polymers, fuel additives, and jet fuel. We also review the use of GVL as a solvent for biomass processing, which led to significant improvements in product yields and a more simplified process for producing biomass-derived chemicals such as LA, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural.
Increased Migration of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Autocrine Motility Factor (AMF) Resulted in Enhanced Recruitment towards Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2014)

AMF plays a role in MSC recruitment towards HCC. However, its ability to increase MSC migration to HCC for therapeutic purposes merits further evaluation.
Properties of a newly developed concave nickel gasket for the ConFlat-type sealing system (2006)

Nickel gaskets for large-bored vacuum flange systems remain virtually nonexistent in practical use, despite strong demand for a gasket invulnerable to both oxidation and reduction atmospheres in vacuum application processes. Nickel gaskets would seem preferable in these processes, which are characterized by sensitivity to copper contamination and in which highly corrosive gases could wear away copper gaskets. In working to develop a nickel gasket for the ConFlat-type sealing system with a seal reliability and handling impression comparable to conventional copper gaskets, the authors found that nickel-plated copper gaskets could not attain secure sealing because the nickel layer was too hard to form a tight fit with the flange face. In earlier developmental stages, seven types of prototype nickel gaskets were produced and subjected to a tightening test. These prototype gaskets varied in their respective annealings and/or applied surface finishes. In the tightening test, deep penetration of the flange knife edge and a wide seal area were obtained on all the annealed prototypes, but their seal ability was nevertheless inferior to copper gaskets, even in the best case. Traced surface profiles of the tightened prototype gaskets with relatively roughly finished surfaces revealed that the original outlines of many protuberances and dimples remained, even after considerable seal pressure was applied on them. This observation suggests that the actual contact area between the gasket face and flange face was narrower than the apparent seal area, and too small to achieve secure sealing. Such poor accommodation of the flange surface was rarely observed on tightened gaskets with smoothly finished surfaces, although fine scratches remaining on the surface frequently functioned as leak paths after the tightening was completed. This insufficient fine deformation ability of the surface was not observed in commercially available copper gaskets. Results of tensile tests on prototype nickel gaskets versus commercially available copper gaskets made it clear that undesirable stiffness is an intrinsic characteristic of nickel gasket surfaces. This arises from the high hardening rate of the nickel material, and therefore cannot be improved by annealing alone. On further evaluation of the prototypes, the authors concluded that three factors are indispensable in order for nickel gaskets to be put into practical use: annealing to reduce hardness, a proper surface finish to obtain a tight fit on the sealing interface, and some sort of protection against scratching the gasket surface. This last requirement can be met by machining to reduce the sealing face region of the gasket surface. The final prototype nickel gasket, a concave version annealed and finished with fine lathing, showed basic sealing and flange knife edge damage characteristics comparable to copper gaskets, with superior seal stability at elevated temperature.
Smart Grid on Chip: Work Load-Balanced On-Chip Power Delivery (2017)

In this paper, a dynamic on-chip power delivery system for chip multiprocessors (CMPs) is proposed, analogous to the smart grid deployed for large-scale energy distribution. The system includes underprovisioned on-chip voltage regulators (VRs) interconnected through a switch network. The peak current rating of the VRs is selected to meet only the average current demand of the cores. A real-time load-balancing algorithm is developed to reconfigure the power delivery network (PDN) by combining the output of multiple VRs when the workload demand exceeds the peak current rating of a single regulator. An operating system level task scheduling heuristic distributes the workloads on the cores such that the required reconfiguration of the PDN is minimized. Simulation results for the proposed power delivery system indicate up to a 44% reduction in the energy consumption of the CMP. In addition, the on-chip footprint of the PDN, including the on-chip VRs and the switching network, is reduced by at least 23%. The proposed cross-layer power management technique is an optimum solution for power-constrained many-core architectures implemented in advanced technology nodes.
Continuous Culture Fermentation of Whey Permeate to Produce Microbial Oil (1985)

The oil-accumulating yeast, Candida curvata D, was grown in Cheddar cheese whey permeate in continuous culture at various dilution rates. The amount of lipid obtained per hour was greatest at a dilution rate of .05 h -1. Continuous culture fermentations yielded lipids of consistent composition except for the fastest dilution rate examined (.2 h--l).
Distribution Grids Fault Location employing ST based Optimized Machine Learning Approach (2018)

Precise information of fault location plays a vital role in expediting the restoration process, after being subjected to any kind of fault in power distribution grids. This paper proposed the Stockwell transform (ST) based optimized machine learning approach, to locate the faults and to identify the faulty sections in the distribution grids. This research employed the ST to extract useful features from the recorded three-phase current signals and fetches them as inputs to different machine learning tools (MLT), including the multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP-NN), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme learning machines (ELM). The proposed approach employed the constriction-factor particle swarm optimization (CF-PSO) technique, to optimize the parameters of the SVM and ELM for their better generalization performance. Hence, it compared the obtained results of the test datasets in terms of the selected statistical performance indices, including the root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), percent bias (PBIAS), RMSE-observations to standard deviation ratio (RSR), coefficient of determination (R2), Willmott’s index of agreement (WIA), and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSEC) to confirm the effectiveness of the developed fault location scheme. The satisfactory values of the statistical performance indices, indicated the superiority of the optimized machine learning tools over the non-optimized tools in locating faults. In addition, this research confirmed the efficacy of the faulty section identification scheme based on overall accuracy. Furthermore, the presented results validated the robustness of the developed approach against the measurement noise and uncertainties associated with pre-fault loading condition, fault resistance, and inception angle.
Single‐shot diffusion MRI of human brain on a conventional clinical instrument (1996)

A single-shot diffusion MRI technique on a standard clinical 1.5T scanner is presented. The method incorporates the following elements: (a) an inversion RF pulse followed by a delay of 1.3 s to null cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) signal, (b) a stimulated echo sequence (TE = 56 ms, TM = 100 ms) to obtain strong diffusion weighting, (c) a single-shot gradient- and spin-echo (GRASE) sequence for imaging with a modified k-space trajectory and Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (CPMG)-phase cycle. The trace of the diffusion coefficient obtained with this approach is in good agreement with values reported for animal brain, and for recent human studies. It is demonstrated that single-shot diffusion imaging of human brain is feasible on an unmodified standard instrument without high-gradient slew rate or extreme field homogeneity.
Serotype-Specific Identification of Polioviruses by PCR Using Primers Containing Mixed-Base or Deoxyinosine Residues at Positions of Codon Degeneracy (1998)

ABSTRACT We have developed a method for determining the serotypes of poliovirus isolates by PCR. Three sets of serotype-specific antisense PCR-initiating primers (primers seroPV1A, seroPV2A, and seroPV3A) were designed to pair with codons of VP1 amino acid sequences that are conserved within but that differ across serotypes. The sense polarity primers (primers seroPV1S, seroPV2S, and seroPV3S) matched codons of more conserved capsid sequences. The primers contain mixed-base and deoxyinosine residues to compensate for the high rate of degeneracy of the targeted codons. The serotypes of all polioviruses tested (48 vaccine-related isolates and 110 diverse wild isolates) were correctly identified by PCR with the serotype-specific primers. None of the genomic sequences of 49 nonpolio enterovirus reference strains were amplified under equivalent reaction conditions with any of the three primer sets. These primers are useful for the rapid screening of poliovirus isolates and for determining the compositions of cultures containing mixtures of poliovirus serotypes.
An active approach to spoken language processing (2006)

State of the art data-driven speech and language processing systems require a large amount of human intervention ranging from data annotation to system prototyping. In the traditional supervised passive approach , the system is trained on a given number of annotated data samples and evaluated using a separate test set. Then more data is collected arbitrarily, annotated, and the whole cycle is repeated. In this article, we propose the active approach where the system itself selects its own training data, evaluates itself and re-trains when necessary. We first employ active learning which aims to automatically select the examples that are likely to be the most informative for a given task. We use active learning for both selecting the examples to label and the examples to re-label in order to correct labeling errors. Furthermore, the system automatically evaluates itself using active evaluation to keep track of the unexpected events and decides on-demand to label more examples. The active approach enables dynamic adaptation of spoken language processing systems to unseen or unexpected events for nonstationary input while reducing the manual annotation effort significantly. We have evaluated the active approach with the AT&T spoken dialog system used for customer care applications. In this article, we present our results for both automatic speech recognition and spoken language understanding.
Simple synthesis of a swellable porous β-cyclodextrin-based polymer in the aqueous phase for the rapid removal of organic micro-pollutants from water (2019)

Simple synthesis of a swellable porous β-cyclodextrin-based polymer in the aqueous phase for the rapid removal of organic micro-pollutants from water.
Technetium-99m-labeled stannous imidodiphosphate, a new radiodiagnostic agent for bone scanning: comparison with other 99mTc complexes. (1975)

Imidodiphosphate (IDP) is an analog of pyrophosphate and diphosphonate, with a P-N-P bond instead of P-O-P or P-C-P. We have labeled IDP with 99mTc quantitatively (98%) using stannous ions as the reducing/complexing agent in a freeze-dried kit form. Radiobioassay of this compound was carried out in rabbits and the results were compared with those of eight other Tc-labeled bone-imaging agents, using the performance of simultaneously administered 85Sr as a reference standard. The 99mTc-IDP concentrated 20% higher in the bone, and its soft-tissue and blood levels were lower than with 85Sr. By comparison, the concentrations in the bone of the other 99mTc agents were 20% less than that of 85Sr. Regarding blood levels, Tc-IDP performed worse than the Tc-diphosphonate but better than the pyrophosphate and the other technetium complexes. Scintillation camera images of 99mTc-IDP in both rabbits and dogs showed excellent details of the skeleton. In a preliminary human study, images with 99mTc-IDP were somewhat inferior to those comparably procured with 99Tc-methylene diphosphonate, but count rates with the IDP complex were about twice those with the MDP compound. Because of its better bone uptake, however, it is suggested that 99mTc-IDP may be clinically useful in spite of its relatively slow blood clearance.
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide immunoneutralization attenuates development of obesity in mice (2015)

Previous reports have suggested that the abrogation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) signaling could be exploited to prevent and treat obesity and obesity-related disorders in humans. This study was designed to determine whether immunoneutralization of GIP, using a newly developed specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), would prevent the development of obesity. Specific mAb directed against the carboxy terminus of mouse GIP was identified, and its effects on the insulin response to oral and to intraperitoneal (ip) glucose and on weight gain were evaluated. Administration of mAb (30 mg/kg body wt, BW) to mice attenuated the insulin response to oral glucose by 70% and completely eliminated the response to ip glucose coadministered with human GIP. Nine-week-old C57BL/6 mice injected with GIP mAbs (60 mg·kg BW(-1)·wk(-1)) for 17 wk gained 46.5% less weight than control mice fed an identical high-fat diet (P < 0.001). No significant differences in the quantity of food consumed were detected between the two treatment groups. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that subcutaneous, omental, and hepatic fat were 1.97-, 3.46-, and 2.15-fold, respectively, lower in mAb-treated animals than in controls. Moreover, serum insulin, leptin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides were significantly reduced, whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/TC ratio was 1.25-fold higher in treated animals than in controls. These studies support the hypothesis that a reduction in GIP signaling using a GIP-neutralizing mAb might provide a useful method for the treatment and prevention of obesity and related disorders.
Energy Performance of Stripper Configurations for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture by Aqueous Amines (2005)

Aqueous absorption/stripping is the state-of-the-art technology for the capture of CO2 from coal-fired power plants. This technology is energy-intensive and has been applied to CO2 removal from natural gas, ammonia, and hydrogen gas streams. Energy requirements can be reduced by the use of a more-reactive solvent, operating the cross exchanger at a lower temperature, optimizing the stripper operation, and using innovative stripper configurations (vacuum and multipressure). This work calculates stripper performance with an algorithm in Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) that incorporates thermodynamic studies, reaction rate measurements, physical properties, and contactor-specific information for three stripper configurationsa simple stripper operating at 160 kPa, a multipressure stripper operating at three pressures (330/230/160 kPa), and a vacuum stripper (30 kPa) for two solvents: 7m (30 wt %) monoethanolamine (MEA) and 5m K+/2.5m piperazine. The temperature approach is varied from 5 to 10 °C. With some approximations, we predict the influence of using solvents with varying heats of desorption (ΔHdes) on the reboiler duty and the equivalent work for stripping (reboiler duty as equivalent Carnot work plus compression work). With a rich solution giving PCO2* = 2.5 kPa at 40 °C, the vacuum stripper is favored for solvents with ΔHdes ≤ 21 kcal/(gmol of CO2) while the multipressure configuration is attractive for solvents with ΔHdes ≥ 21 kcal/(gmol of CO2).
Aluminosilicate Mesostructures with Improved Acidity and Hydrothermal Stability (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Initial application of digital tomosynthesis with on-board imaging in radiation oncology (2005)

We present preliminary investigations that examine the feasibility of incorporating digital tomosynthesis into radiation oncology practice with the use of kilovoltage on-board imagers (OBI). Modern radiation oncology linear accelerators now include hardware options for the addition of OBI for on-line patient setup verification. These systems include an x-ray tube and detector mounted directly on the accelerator gantry that rotate with the same isocenter. Applications include cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), fluoroscopy, and radiographs to examine daily patient positioning to determine if the patient is in the same location as the treatment plan. While CBCT provides the greatest anatomical detail, this approach is limited by long acquisition and reconstruction times and higher patient dose. We propose to examine the use of tomosynthesis reconstructed volumetric data from limited angle projection images for short imaging time and reduced patient dose. Initial data uses 61 projection images acquired over an isocentric arc of twenty degrees with the detector approximately fifty-four centimeters from isocenter. A modified filtered back projection technique, which included a mathematical correction for isocentric motion, was used to reconstruct volume images. These images will be visually and mathematically compared to volumetric computed tomography images to determine efficacy of this system for daily patient positioning verification. Initial images using the tomosynthesis reconstruction technique show much promise and bode well for effective daily patient positioning verification with reduced patient dose and imaging time. Additionally, the fast image acquisition may allow for a single breath hold imaging sequence, which will have no breath motion.
Nanocomposite resist for low-voltage electron beam lithography (LVEBL) (2003)

A novel chemically amplified resist (CAR) was synthesized incorporating a photoacid generating (PAG) moiety, etch resistant nanoparticle, and various acrylated monomers. The addition of acrylated monomers was found to promote good film formation and to improve film adhesion. Directly tethering the nanoparticle into the polymer increases the etch performance of the resist and helps avoid any potential issues with phase separation of components in the resist film. The PAG in these materials is also directly incorporated into the resist backbone. It has been shown that these materials display enhanced sensitivity and contrast using LVEBL. This paper will discuss the material characteristics and lithographic performance of these materials using 2 keV, 10 KeV, and 20 KeV electron beam (EB) exposure. For example, these materials have demonstrated an extremely high sensitivity of only 0.6 μC/cm<sup>2</sup> at 2 KeV. Contrast and sensitivity data along with preliminary imaging results will be presented for these materials. Initial imaging results at 20 keV are promising. Achieving similar resolution at low keV also appears to be possible with this material. The trade-off between sensitivity and resolution will also be presented for different electron beam accelerating potentials. Etch resistance and selectivity of this material will also be studied and compared to PHOST and novolac based resists. It will be demonstrated that such materials show great promise for advanced resist applications in a variety of next generation lithography (NGL) applications including electron beam lithography.
Cysteine protease inhibition attenuates acute right heart failure (2006)

Acute right ventricular pressure overload (RVPO) causes RV failure, morbidity, and mortality in patients, and currently has no direct treatment. We previously showed that 90 min RVPO without ischemia causes RV free wall (RVFW) dysfunction (RVD) that persists following relief of RVPO. We tested the hypothesis that cysteine protease (CP) activation contributes to, and therefore that CP inhibition would attenuate, RVD during RVPO. Methods Under open‐chest, anesthetized conditions, 32 pigs were subjected to 4 hrs RVPO by constriction of the pulmonary artery. Prior to initiation of RVPO, pigs were randomized to treatment with MDL‐28170 (INH), a membrane permeable CP inhibitor, or inactive vehicle (VEH). Investigators were blinded to treatment assignment until all analyses were completed. Results Neither INH nor VEH had any hemodynamic effects prior to RVPO. Beginning RV systolic pressure was similar in both groups, but INH significantly attenuated the decline in RV stroke work vs VEH during the ensuing 4 hrs (32±3% vs 49±5% decline, p<0.05). INH significantly attenuated degradation of the endogenous serine protease inhibitor α‐1‐antichymotrypsin by 51% (p<0.05) that otherwise occurs in RVFW during RVPO, but did not affect degradation of troponin, desmin, or spectrin, substrates of the cysteine protease calpain. Conclusions The CP inhibitor MDL‐28170 attenuates RV dysfunction during sustained RVPO. The mechanism for the salutary effect may involve indirect or cross‐class inhibition of endogenous serine proteases. Supported by Department of Veterans Affairs and NHLBI.