gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing Electric Fields at the Ionic Liquid−Electrode Interface Using Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry (2005)

The arrangement of ions at the platinum electrode in the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate has been determined using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the vibrational Stark effect. The results indicate that CO adsorbed on the Pt electrode has a Stark shift of 30-35 cm(-1)/V in the ionic liquid. The potential of zero charge (PZC) of the ionic liquid-Pt system is approximately -500 mV (vs Ag wire), with a capacitance of 0.12 F/m2. Further, polarization-dependent SFG experiments suggest the ions reorganize at the surface depending on the electrode charge. In combination, all these results indicate that the ions of a neat ionic liquid are organized in a Helmholtz layer at the electrified metal electrode interface.
Development of a peristaltic crawling robot attached to a large intestine endoscope using bellows - type artificial rubber muscles (2012)

This paper describes the development of an endoscopic robot attached to a large intestine endoscope. Colorectal cancer can be cured completely if they are discovered and treated early with a large intestine endoscope. Conventional endoscope can screen and heal inside of the intestine. But, operation of the endoscope is hard for doctors; the training is needed many times. In addition, even if experienced doctors, it occasionally spends one hour for this operation. In this study, in order to solve these problems, we propose the endoscopic robot using peristaltic crawling with bellows-type artificial rubber muscle. This robot can move forward automatically and pulling up the slack. In addition, because of bellows-type artificial rubber muscle, this robot can also pass bent pipes like splenic flexure. Unlike another endoscopic robot, our robot can be attached the endoscope. Thus we can use various function of the conventional endoscope. In this paper, in order to pass splenic flexure, we describe that we fabricated bellows-type artificial muscle. Next, we experimentally confirmed that the robot can pull up the sigmoid colon of the large intestine of dead swine that is arranged in the human body. In addition, in a large intestine model, we reach a endoscope to the cecum with the robot.
High-throughput organ-on-chip platform with integrated programmable fluid flow and real-time sensing for complex tissue models in drug development workflows (2021)

Drug development suffers from a lack of predictive and human-relevant in vitro models. Organ-on-chip (OOC) technology provides advanced culture capabilities to generate physiologically appropriate, human-based tissue in vitro, therefore providing a route to a predictive in vitro model. However, OOC technologies are often created at the expense of throughput, industry-standard form factors, and compatibility with state-of-the-art data collection tools. Here we present an OOC platform with advanced culture capabilities supporting a variety of human tissue models including liver, vascular, gastrointestinal, and kidney. The platform has 96 devices per industry standard plate and compatibility with contemporary high-throughput data collection tools. Specifically, we demonstrate programmable flow control over two physiologically relevant flow regimes: perfusion flow that enhances hepatic tissue function and high-shear stress flow that aligns endothelial monolayers. In addition, we integrate electrical sensors, demonstrating quantification of barrier function of primary gut colon tissue in real-time. We utilize optical access to the tissues to directly quantify renal active transport and oxygen consumption via integrated oxygen sensors. Finally, we leverage the compatibility and throughput of the platform to screen all 96 devices using high content screening (HCS) and evaluate gene expression using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). By combining these capabilities in one platform, physiologically-relevant tissues can be generated and measured, accelerating optimization of an in vitro model, and ultimately increasing predictive accuracy of in vitro drug screening.
Service Level Agreement-Based Joint Application Environment Assignment and Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Systems (2013)

Cloud computing have attracted a lot of attention recently due to increasing demand for high performance computing and storage. Resource allocation is one of the most important challenges in the cloud computing system especially when the clients have some Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and the total profit depends on how the system can meet these SLAs. Moreover, a data center typically hosts and manages a suite of application environments and a fixed number of servers that are allocated to these application environments in a way that maximizes a certain utility function. In this paper, we consider the problem of SLA-based joint optimization of application environment assignment, request dispatching from the clients to the servers, as well as resource allocation in a data center comprised of heterogeneous servers. The objective is to maximize the total profit, which is the total price gained from serving the clients subtracted by the operation cost of the data center. The total price depends on the average service request response time for each client as defined in their utility functions, while the operating cost is related to the total energy consumption. We propose a near-optimal solution of the joint optimization problem based on the Hungarian algorithm for the assignment problem, as well as convex optimization techniques, in a way that is similar to the constructive partitioning algorithm in VLSI computer-aided design (CAD). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed nearoptimal joint application environment assignment and resource allocation algorithm outperforms baseline algorithms by up to 65.7%.
<i>XDSAPP</i>: a graphical user interface for the convenient processing of diffraction data using<i>XDS</i> (2012)

XDSAPP is a Tcl/Tk-based graphical user interface for the easy and convenient processing of diffraction data sets using XDS . It provides easy access to all XDS functionalities, automates the data processing and generates graphical plots of various data set statistics provided by XDS . By incorporating additional software, further information on certain features of the data set, such as radiation decay during data collection or the presence of pseudo-translational symmetry and/or twinning, can be obtained. Intensity files suitable for CCP4 , CNS and SHELX are generated.
A Systematic Construction Process of 3D Database for Realtime Virtual Simulation of Transportation Equipments (2003)

Recently, virtual reality technologies have been rapidly developed and realtime virtual simulation methods have been extensively employed for several application areas such as game, sports, manufacturing, military, and so on. A 3D database in realtime virtual simulation plays a key role because it makes users feel reality in virtual space. In a application view of 3D database, a systematic construction approach is required to reduce its construction time and increase its quality. However, many researches have been mostly focused on realtime graphic issues and its key technologies. In virtual simulation of transportation equipments, this paper proposes a systematic construction process of 3D database consisting of four stages as follows: 1) determine the activity space of a equipment, 2) collect data related to 3D database construction, 3) make a 3-dimensional modeling strategy, and 4) generate and evaluate a 3D model. This paper also introduces a new procedure of 3D environment modeling, which summarizes and expands our modeling experiences, to be used as a modeling guide.
A heterodimer of evolved designer-recombinases precisely excises a human genomic DNA locus (2019)

Site-specific recombinases (SSRs) such as the Cre/loxP system are useful genome engineering tools that can be repurposed by altering their DNA-binding specificity. However, SSRs that delete a natural sequence from the human genome have not been reported thus far. Here, we describe the generation of an SSR system that precisely excises a 1.4 kb fragment from the human genome. Through a streamlined process of substrate-linked directed evolution we generated two separate recombinases that, when expressed together, act as a heterodimer to delete a human genomic sequence from chromosome 7. Our data indicates that designer-recombinases can be generated in a manageable timeframe for precision genome editing. A large-scale bioinformatics analysis suggests that around 13% of all human protein-coding genes could be targetable by dual designer-recombinase induced genomic deletion (dDRiGD). We propose that heterospecific designer-recombinases, which work independently of the host DNA repair machinery, represent an efficient and safe alternative to nuclease-based genome editing technologies.
The self-extracting cyclotron (2001)

At IBA a compact 14 MeV H+ cyclotron has been constructed. A special feature of this cyclotron is that there is no electrical deflector installed, i.e. the beam is self-extracted. The goal is to obtain high beam currents with good extraction efficiency without the need of single turn extraction. This is achieved with two ingredients: i) a special shaping of the magnetic field, showing a very steep fall-off near the outer radius of the pole and ii) the creation of a large turn-separation on the last turn. The pole gap has a quasi-elliptical shape, allowing for the steep fall-off of the magnetic field by the machining of a groove in one of the poles at a radius where the gap is small. The large turn separation is obtained by either the use of harmonic coils or by permanent magnet field bumps placed in two opposite valleys. Both methods have been tested and give good results with an extraction efficiency of 80%. The concept and layout of the machine is explained. The status of the project is outlined. First results of beam tests are presented. The cyclotron is intended for medical isotope production at multi-mA beam intensity.
Novel feature of nano‐titanium dioxide on textiles: Antifelting and antibacterial wool (2011)

Abstract In this study, the antifelting and antibacterial features of wool samples treated with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) were evaluated. To examine the antifelting properties of the treated samples, the fabric shrinkage after washing was determined. The antimicrobial activity was assessed through the calculation of bacterial reduction against Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive) bacteria. TiO 2 was stabilized on the wool fabric surface by means of carboxylic acids, including citric acid (CA) and butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). Both oxidized samples with potassium permanganate and nonoxidized wool fabrics were used in this study. The relations between both the TiO 2 and carboxylic acid concentrations in the impregnated bath and the antifelting and antibacterial properties are discussed. With increasing concentration in the impregnated bath, the amount of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the surface of the wool increased; subsequently, lower shrinkage and higher antibacterial properties were obtained. The existence of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the surface of the treated samples was proven with scanning electron microscopy images and energy‐dispersive spectrometry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A Lithium Chloride-Extracted, Broad-Spectrum-Adhesive 42-Kilodalton Protein of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Is Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase (1999)

To identify novel putative staphylococcal adhesins, lithium chloride extraction (an established method for selective surface molecule solubilization) was employed. N-terminal sequencing and functional assays identified a 42-kDa fibronectin-binding protein from Staphylococcus epidermidis as ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCTase). However, OCTase was not recognizable extracellularly, and this fact together with the fact that LiCl induced DNA release and a decrease in viability suggests that LiCl extraction may not be the method of choice for selective surface molecule extraction from staphylococci.
A simple and inexpensive optical power monitor for two visible wavelength WDM channels in plastic optical fibre links (2016)

This paper shows for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the design of a simple, non-invasive, bidirectional and inexpensive optical power monitor (OPMo) for WDM over PMMA-based polymer optical fibre (POF) links transmitting 470 nm and 650 nm wavelengths light carriers. Low-cost cellophane plastic optical filters were used for each WDM channel aiming to demonstrate the OPMo operational principle. The OPMo is non-invasive because it does not tap any guided light from the fibre core; rather, it collects and detects the spontaneous side-scattered light. A sensitivity of −32 dBm and dynamic range of 38.8 dB were measured. A crosstalk rejection better than 25 dB was achieved when both light carriers are of the same power.
Complement: Alive and Kicking Nanomedicines (2009)

Administration of liposome- and polymer-based clinical nanomedicines, as well as many other proposed multifunctional nanoparticles, often triggers hypersensitivity reactions without the involvement of IgE. These anaphylactic reactions are believed to be secondary to activation of the complement system, giving rise to the release of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a that initiate a wide array of responses through their effect on mast cells, polymorphonuclear cells, platelets and monocytes. Additionally, the terminal complement C5b-9 complex induces platelet activation, thereby enhancing their procoagulant activity, and has the capacity to elicit non-lytic stimulatory responses from vascular endothelial cells. Here we discuss the molecular basis of complement activation by liposomes, including poly(ethylene glycol) coated vesicles, and other related lipid-based and phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugate stabilized entities. We have further considered the role of these complement activating entities in experimental oncology since intra-tumoural complement activation is suggested to induce tumour growth and progression.
The development of the production cost of oxymethylene ethers as diesel additives from biomass (2018)

Abstract Oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) are important diesel additives because of their ability to reduce soot loading, particulate matter (PM) emissions, and NO x emissions. Some research has been undertaken on the feasibility of producing OMEs from biomass but there is no techno‐economic assessment of OME production from biomass. In this study, we estimate the unit cost to produce OME n (n = 1–8) from three different biomass types common to western Canada: whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw. The techno‐economic model uses the OME production simulation results for 500 MT day −1 of dry biomass. The simulation results show that 97.70, 98.86, and 99.80 MT day −1 of OME 1–8 can be produced from whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw, respectively. The costs of producing OME per liter over 20 years of production are $1.93 ±0.15/L, $1.68 ±0.14/L, and $1.66 ±0.13/L, respectively, at a 95% confidence level for whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw biomass. The sensitivity analysis results show that the internal rate of return, OME yield, capital cost, and biomass delivery cost significantly influence OME unit price. The production price versus capacity profile reveals that the optimum minimum price can be obtained at a plant capacity of 4000 MT day −1 of biomass; beyond this, the increase in capacity does not result in any appreciable decrease in production price. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Use of Reverse-Phase Silica Gel for HPLC in Undergraduate Chemistry (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLab-ExptNEXTSynthesis and Use of Reverse-Phase Silica Gel for HPLC in Undergraduate ChemistryFernando Ortega , Ernesto Velez , and Ratnassamy Somanathan View Author Information Centro De Graduados, Instituto Technologico De Tijuana, Apdo. postal 11 66, 22000 Tijuana, B.C. MexicoCite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 2, A26Publication Date (Web):February 1, 1996Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1996Published inissue 1 February 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ed073pA26RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1720Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (290 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:High-performance liquid chromatography,Silica,Undergraduates Get e-Alerts
Improving in-car emotion classification by NIR database augmentation (2019)

On-board detection of driver's emotions has become a task of high importance for car manufacturers, as negative emotions appear to be one of the major risks for car accidents. Deep neural networks have become over the last years the state of the art methods for computer vision and image classification. Yet, their success depends upon their being trained on a comprehensive database, which should cover all of the real-life situations that may arise in practice. Most of the in-car driver monitoring cameras capture images in the near infra-red (NIR) domain therefore one needs a large database with images featuring emotions in the NIR domain. As most databases featuring human emotions contain images acquired in the visible domain, we discuss in this paper two methods of transferring the NIR-like look into the "visible" images, by using a CycleGAN style-transferring neural network trained using "paired" and "unpaired" images. We show that the resulted database augmented with NIR-like images leads to a much improved performance in emotion classification for a deep neural network, when tested on real NIR images.
A Distributed Autonomic Management Framework for Cloud Computing Orchestration (2016)

Due to constant workload growth, the infrastructure used to support cloud computing (CC) environments increases in size and complexity. As a consequence of that, human administrators are not able to monitor, analyze, plan and execute actions upon the environment, seeking goals such as the environment optimization and service level agreements fulfillment. This proposal provides an autonomic framework to create virtual machines migrations and heuristics to select hosts to be activated or deactivated when needed. Moreover, the framework proposed in this paper works in a distributed way using multi-agent systems concepts. We provide an architecture to deal with the size, heterogeneity and dynamism of CC environments. Further, our proposal was added to the CloudStack platform as a plug-in for validation and experimentation.
Robust multiple lane road modeling based on perspective analysis (2008)

Road modeling is the first step towards environment perception within driver assistance video-based systems. Typically, lane modeling allows applications such as lane departure warning or lane invasion by other vehicles. In this paper, a new monocular image processing strategy that achieves a robust multiple lane model is proposed. The identification of multiple lanes is done by firstly detecting the own lane and estimating its geometry under perspective distortion. The perspective analysis and curve fitting allows to hypothesize adjacent lanes assuming some a priori knowledge about the road. The verification of these hypotheses is carried out by a confidence level analysis. Several types of sequences have been tested, with different illumination conditions, presence of shadows and significant curvature, all performing in realtime. Results show the robustness of the system, delivering accurate multiple lane road models in most situations.
Investigation of Coiled Tubing Failures Over 2 Years and Corrosion Prevention Methods (1998)

Abstract Fatigue life management of Coiled Tubing is widely applied in the industry today and this has led to a high reliability of Coiled Tubing used in the servicing of oil and gas wells. However, Coiled Tubing failures have not been totally eradicated from the industry and this paper examines some of the causes. During a two year period, from January 1996 to January 1998, all coiled tubing, used by BJ/Nowsco which has failed before its predicted fatigue life has been examined to determine the nature and cause of the failure. This paper reviews some of these failures and highlights a trend which became apparent. This trend towards a predomination of corrosion initiated failures has led to a study of prevention techniques and this work is also reviewed in this paper.
Blind Speech Separation in a Meeting Situation with Maximum SNR Beamformers (2007)

We propose a speech separation method for a meeting situation, where each speaker sometimes speaks and the number of speakers changes every moment. Many source separation methods have already been proposed, however, they consider a case where all the speakers keep speaking: this is not always true in a real meeting. In such cases, in addition to separation, speech detection and the classification of the detected speech according to speaker become important issues. For that purpose, we propose a method that employs a maximum signal-to-noise (MaxSNR) beamformer combined with a voice activity detector and online clustering. We also discuss the scaling ambiguity problem as regards the MaxSNR beamformer, and provide their solutions. We report some encouraging results for a real meeting in a room with a reverberation time of about 350 ms.
Demonstration of Shot-noise-limited Swept Source OCT Without Balanced Detection (2017)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been utilized in a rapidly growing number of clinical and scientific applications. In particular, swept source OCT (SS-OCT) has attracted many attentions due to its excellent performance. So far however, the limitations of existing photon detectors have prevented achieving shot-noise-limited sensitivity without using balanced-detection scheme in SS-OCT, even when superconducting single-photon detectors were used. Unfortunately, balanced-detection increases OCT system size and cost, as it requires many additional components to boost the laser power and maintain near ideal balanced performance across the whole optical bandwidth. Here we show for the first time that a photon detector is capable of achieving shot noise limited performance without using the balanced-detection technique in SS-OCT. We built a system using a so-called electron-injection photodetector, with a cutoff-wavelength of 1700 nm. Our system achieves a shot-noise-limited sensitivity of about -105 dB at a reference laser power of ~350 nW, which is more than 30 times lower laser power compared with the best-reported results. The high sensitivity of the electron-injection detector allows utilization of micron-scale tunable laser sources (e.g. VCSEL) and eliminates the need for fiber amplifiers and highly precise couplers, which are an essential part of the conventional SS-OCT systems.