gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-Substituted 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, 3',5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Substituted 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, 3',5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitorsThomas Novinson, Ruth Hanson, M. K. Dimmitt, Lionel N. Simon, Roland K. Robins, and Darrell E. O'BrienCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 6, 645–648Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00252a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00252a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conditionally replicating mycobacteriophages: A system for transposon delivery to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1997)

Transposon mutagenesis provides a direct selection for mutants and is an extremely powerful technique to analyze genetic functions in a variety of prokaryotes. Transposon mutagenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been limited in part because of the inefficiency of the delivery systems. This report describes the development of conditionally replicating shuttle phasmids from the mycobacteriophages D29 and TM4 that enable efficient delivery of transposons into both fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria. These shuttle phasmids consist of an Escherichia coli cosmid vector containing either a mini-Tn10(kan) or Tn5367 inserted into a nonessential region of the phage genome. Thermosensitive mutations were created in the mycobacteriophage genome that allow replication at 30 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C (TM4) or 38.5 degrees C (D29). Infection of mycobacteria at the nonpermissive temperature results in highly efficient transposon delivery to the entire population of mycobacterial cells. Transposition of mini-Tn10(kan) occurred in a site-specific fashion in M. smegmatis whereas Tn5367 transposed apparently randomly in M. phlei, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and M. tuberculosis. Sequence analysis of the M. tuberculosis and BCG chromosomal regions adjacent to Tn5367 insertions, in combination with M. tuberculosis genomic sequence and physical map data, indicates that the transpositions have occurred randomly in diverse genes in every quadrant of the genome. Using this system, it has been readily possible to generate libraries containing thousands of independent mutants of M. phlei, BCG, and M. tuberculosis.
Online Probabilistic Change Detection in Feature-Based Maps (2018)

Sparse feature-based maps provide a compact representation of the environment that admit efficient algorithms, for example simultaneous localization and mapping. These representations typically assume a static world and therefore contain static map features. However, since the world contains dynamic elements, determining when map features no longer correspond to the environment is essential for long-term utility. This work develops a feature-based model of the environment which evolves over time through feature persistence. Moreover, we augment the state-of-the-art sparse mapping model with a correlative structure that captures spatio-temporal properties, e.g. that nearby features frequently have similar persistence. We show that such relationships, typically addressed through an ad hoc formalism focusing only on feature repeatability, are crucial to evaluate through a probabilistically principled approach. The joint posterior over feature persistence can be computed efficiently and used to improve online data association decisions for localization. The proposed algorithms are validated in numerical simulation and using publicly available data sets.
A Study on the Programming Structures for RRAM-Based FPGA Architectures (2016)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can benefit non-volatility and high-performance by exploiting Resistive Random Access Memories (RRAMs). In RRAM-based FPGAs, the memories do not only replace the SRAMs and store configurations, but they can also replace the transmission gates and propagate datapath signals. The high-performance achievable by RRAM-based FPGAs comes from the fact that the on-resistance of the memory devices R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LRS</sub> is smaller than the equivalent resistance of a transmission gate. Efficient programming structures for RRAMs should provide high current density with a small area footprint, to obtain a low RLRS. In this paper, we first examine the efficiency of the widely-used 2Transistor/1RRAM (2T1R) programming structure and identify four major limitations of the 2T1R structure. To overcome these limitations, we propose a 2Transmission-Gates/1RRAM (2TG1R) and a 4Transistor/ 1RRAM (4T1R) programming structures. We perform both theoretical analysis and electrical simulations on the evaluated programming structures. 4T1R programming structure is the best in terms of current density with 1.4 x and 1.1 x as compared to 2T1R and 2TG1R counterparts, respectively. We also investigate the effect of boosting the programming voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">prog</sub> of the programming structures. Experimental results show that boosting V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">prog</sub> for all the programming structures improves driving current of the evaluated programming structures by 3 x and area efficiency by 1.7 x on average.
Processing of nanocellulose and applications relating to CTMP-based paperboard and foams (2016)

Although remarkable success has been made in the production of nanocellulose through several processing methods, it still remain a challenge to reduce the overall energy consumption, to use green c ...
Laser plasma thruster continuous thrust experiment (2002)

The laser plasma thruster (LPT) is a new microthruster for small satellites. We report on development and testing of a prototype LPT. Some advantages of the LPT are: thruster voltage 4 V, mass less than 1 kg, power-to-thrust ratio 10 kW/newton and Isp up to 1000 seconds. Typical thrust level is 250 (mu) N with PVC fuel. Thrust of 1 mN is expected with energetic fuel. The pre-prototype continuous thrust experiment includes the laser mount and heat sink, lens mounts, and focusing mechanism, which are coupled to the target material transport mechanism. The target material is applied to a transparent plastic tape, and the laser is focused on a series of tracks on the tape. The tape drive hardware and laser drive electronics, are described, as well as the control and diagnostic software. Design, construction, and calibration of the thrust stand are described. During continuous operation, the exhaust plume is deflected in the direction of the moving tape. When the laser is operated in pulsed mode, the exhaust plume is perpendicular to the tape (parallel to the optical axis). This provides some thrust vector control.
Bundled camera paths for video stabilization (2013)

We present a novel video stabilization method which models camera motion with a bundle of (multiple) camera paths. The proposed model is based on a mesh-based, spatially-variant motion representation and an adaptive, space-time path optimization. Our motion representation allows us to fundamentally handle parallax and rolling shutter effects while it does not require long feature trajectories or sparse 3D reconstruction. We introduce the 'as-similar-as-possible' idea to make motion estimation more robust. Our space-time path smoothing adaptively adjusts smoothness strength by considering discontinuities, cropping size and geometrical distortion in a unified optimization framework. The evaluation on a large variety of consumer videos demonstrates the merits of our method.
Abstract 98: The somatic mutational landscape of the mitochondrial genome in prostate cancer: evaluation of clinical impact (2016)

Abstract Prostate cancer remains the most prevalent and second most lethal non-skin cancer in men. Whole genome studies have provided important insights into specific driver genes, however most of these studies have not assessed one key portion of the genome: the mitochondrial genome. To gain a complete understanding of the most commonly-diagnosed sub-groups of prostate cancer: low- and intermediate-risk localized disease, we surveyed the mitochondrial genomes from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of over 300 tumour samples from prostate cancer patients. These samples were mainly from prostate cancer patients with clinical Gleason Scores of 3+3, 3+4 and 4+3. All had at least 5 years of follow-up data (median &gt; 8 years), allowing identification of clinical associations with identified somatic mutations via Cox Proportional Hazards modeling and machine-learning. Recurrent somatic mutations in mtDNA were identified, and these were associated with clinical outcomes. One third of patients were found to have a somatic mtDNA mutation. These mutations appear to be associated with age of patient. The mtDNA region with the majority of mutations was the regulatory D-loop region, although certain proteins had high numbers of mutations. Those somatic mutations occurring within the coding regions in general were nonsynonymous. Specific identified candidate somatic mutations were validated via Sanger sequencing. Clinical associations between somatic were also integrated with existing copy-number alteration (CNA) biomarkers using machine learning methods to evaluate performance. mtDNA mutations were also compared to identified aberrations (CNA, PGA, SNVs) within the nuclear genome to determine correlations between the two genomes, in addition to other somatic mutations or altered-expression in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. Taken together, these data demonstrate a key role for mitochondrial mutations in driving prostate cancer. Citation Format: Julia F. Hopkins, Veronica Y. Sabelnykova, John Watson, Lawrence E. Heisler, Junyan Zhang, Michael Fraser, Theodorus van der Kwast, Robert G. Bristow, Paul C. Boutros. The somatic mutational landscape of the mitochondrial genome in prostate cancer: evaluation of clinical impact. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 98.
Plasma treatment methods to improve indium bump bonding via indium oxide removal (2009)

Flip chip hybridization, also known as bump bonding, is a packaging technique for microelectronic devices which directly connects an active element or a detector to a substrate readout face down, eliminating the need for wire bonding. Indium bump technology has been a part of hybridization for many years and has been extensively employed in the infrared imager industry. However, obtaining a reliable, high yield process for high density patterns of bumps can be quite difficult in part due to the tendency of the indium bumps to oxidize during exposure to air. In this study, plasma, thermal, and wet chemical methods were screened to determine their ability to remove indium oxide from indium bumps. A novel two-step plasma process using methane, argon, and hydrogen was developed that removes indium oxide from indium bumps after prolonged air exposure while maintaining a low sample temperature. This method was tested by fabricating a fully hybridized scientific grade visible complementary metal oxide semiconductor detector and imaging a standard test pattern.
Chemistry of cephalosporin antibiotics. 30. 3-Methoxy- and 3-halo-3-cephems (1975)

The exo-methylene group in esters of 7-acylamido- and 7-amino-3-methylenecephams was ozonized to give 3-hydroxy-3-cephems. Conditions are described to effect a selective N-acylation of a 3-hydroxy-3-cephem nucleus ester. Vilsmeier reagents converted 7-acylamido-3-hydroxy compounds to 3-halo-3-cephem derivatives. Diazomethane converted the 3-hydroxy compounds to 3-methoxy-3-cephem derivatives. Removal of the ester-protecting group at the C4-carboxyl afforded a select group of cephalosporins with direct halo and methoxy substitution at C3. A number of these compounds are potent antibiotics.
New broad-spectrum cephalosporins with anti-pseudomonal activity. III. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7.BETA.-(D-2-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carbonylamino)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)-3-(methyl or substituted methyl)-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids. (1983)

The influence of various 3-substituents on the antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[D-2-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carbonylamino)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids (III) was investigated. Introduction of an acidic substituent, such as a sulfo or a carboxyl group, to a 3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazolyl)thiomethyl substituent (IIIf--i) resulted in a marked loss of activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes, in contrast to an in crease of activity against Proteus mirabilis. Displacement of the acetoxy group of IIIb with pyridines (IIIm--p) enhanced the activity against P. aeruginosa and E. aerogenes: their activity against those strains were superior to that of the cephalosporin IIId having a 3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazolyl)thiomethyl substituent. As a result of extensive studies in addition to the study of in vitro activity in this series, 7 beta-[D-2-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carbonylamino)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, code No. SM-1652, cefpiramide (generic name), was selected as a candidate for further biological and clinical investigations.
Measuring Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in Patients with Oxidative Stress – Do We Need a Fourth Generation Parathyroid Hormone Assay? (2012)

Oxidation of PTH at methionine residues results in loss of biological activity. PTH may be oxidized in patients with renal disease. The aim of this study was to develop an assay considering oxidation of PTH. Oxidized hPTH was analyzed by high resolution nano-liquid chromatography coupled to ESI-FTT tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-FT-MS/MS) directly and after proteolytic cleavage. The oxidized hPTH(1-84) sample shows TIC-peaks at 18-20 min and several mass peaks due to mass shifts caused by oxidations. No significant signal for oxidized hPTH(1-84) species after removal of oxidized PTH molecules by a specific column with monoclonal antibodies (MAB) raised against the oxidized hPTH was detectable. By using this column in samples from 18 patients on dialysis we could demonstrate that measured PTH concentrations were substantially lower when considering oxidized forms of PTH. The relationship between PTH concentrations determined directly and those concentrations measured after removal of the oxidized PTH forms varies substantially. In some patients only 7% of traditionally measured PTH was free of oxidation, whereas in other patients 34% of the traditionally measured PTH was real intact PTH. In conclusion, a huge but not constant proportion of PTH molecules are oxidized in patients requiring dialysis. Since oxidized PTH is biologically inactive, the currently used methods to detect PTH in daily clinical practice may not adequately reflect PTH-related bone and cardiovascular abnormalities in patients on dialysis.
Lead-Halide Perovskites Meet Donor–Acceptor Charge-Transfer Complexes (2019)

Low-dimensional lead halide hybrid perovskites are nowadays in the spotlight because of their improved stability and extensive chemical flexibility compared to their 3D perovskite counterparts, the current challenge being to design functionalized organic cations. Here, we report on the synthesis and full characterization of a perovskite-like hybrid (a perovskitoid) where the 1D lead iodide layout is patterned with a donor–acceptor charge transfer complex (CTC) between pyrene and tetracyanoquinodimethane, with a chemical formula of (C20H17NH3)PbI3·(C12H4N4). By combining multiple structural analysis and spectroscopic techniques with ab initio modeling, we show that the electronic, optical, and charge-transport properties of the hybrid materials are dominated by the organic CTC, with the inorganic backbone primarily acting as a template for the organization of the donor and acceptor molecules. Interestingly, time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements show an enhanced photocurrent generation in the 1D hybrid compared to the pure organic charge-transfer salt, likely associated with transient localization of the holes on the lead-iodide octahedra. This observation is in line with the close energy resonance between the valence crystal orbitals of the lead-iodide lattice and the frontier occupied molecular orbitals of pyrene predicted by the DFT calculations. Therefore, it paves the way toward the design of new hybrid low-dimensionality perovskites offering a synergic combination of organic and inorganic functionalities.
Low-temperature coal depolymerization. 5. Conversion of New Mexico and Utah HVB coals to hydrocarbon oils (1986)

The development of various low-temperature coal solubilization procedures, based on the application of selective chemical-catalytic reactions, has been reviewed in 1981. Such procedures have recently attracted considerable interest in view of the obvious advantages of coal liquefaction under mild, subsoftening conditions. The procedure consists of the following sequential steps: intercalation of the coal sample with catalytic amounts base-catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of the product from step 1, under super-critical conditions; and hydroprocessing (HPR) of the depolymerized product from the two preceding steps, using a sulfided CoMo catalyst. The high efficiency of the overall procedure was demonstrated by the previously reported conversion of a Wyodak coal sample into a light hydrocarbon oil product.
A High-Resolution LWD Resistivity Imaging Tool : Field Testing in Vertical and Highly Deviated Boreholes (2009)

An advanced logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool has been introduced that combines laterolog-type resistivity measurements, high-resolution resistivity imaging and an at-bit resistivity indicator in a compact collar length of 11-13 ft. The laterolog measurements are compensated by using two opposed transmitters and correspond to diameter of investigations of 12 to 30 in. These measurements are presented as calibrated resistivity images with resolution limits of 0.5-1 in., depending on sensor aperture size and environment. The full-imaging approach to resistivity logging is particularly well suited for exploratory and appraisal drilling in high-angle and horizontal wells, where beddings with high relative dip angles are prevalent. In these situations, the petrophysical interpretation and reserve computation based on non-imaging, i. e. circumferentially averaging, resistivity measurements require extensive corrections due to bed boundary effects. These corrections in turn are typically based on dip angle estimates from borehole images. An integrated approach to laterolog resistivity measurements and resistivity images offers an exacter approach to these problems. The tool's petrophysical relevance is further enhanced by providing near-equivalent measurements in 4-3/4 in. and 6-3/4 in. collar diameters. In both tool versions, nine current-sensing electrodes are arranged in a redundant scheme, providing simultaneous laterolog and imaging data. Transmitters and receivers form multiple pairs with spacings of 10 in., 30 in. and 50 in. In addition to these sensors, the electrical current on the collar towards the bit is monitored; this measurement being particularly significant in real-time geosteering applications. The paper presents the principles of operation of these tools, their key design parameters and the tool and environmental parameters that influence log responses. LWD log examples from vertical and highly deviated boreholes are discussed and compared to wireline electrical imaging logs. Further topics include the calculation and the visualization of complex resistivity profiles and the standard compensation and environmental correction procedures. The achievable image resolution is discussed as well as the environmental parameters that impact detection and resolution limits.
Probability routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks' resources management (2005)

This paper introduces a resource management application of a probabilistic-based ant routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks (ARAMA) that is inspired from the ant's life . Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are highly dynamic, self-configured and self-built networks. The goal of this paper is to present ARAMA ability to manage MANET's resources by achieving fair network resources distribution, while considering the dynamic characteristics of MANETs and the need for low control overheads. This paper provides a description for the algorithm. In this algorithm, the nodes' (node's energy, processing power, ...) and links' (bandwidth, ...) parameters are measured and collected in the nodes' indices. A path index is used to measure the path total resources and serves to minimize the forward control packet (ant) size. The concepts of negative backward ant destination trail are introduced to enhance the performance of the algorithm. The simulation results show the potential of ARAMA to achieve fair energy usage across the network nodes as an example of the network resource management. More, the results show the general ability of the algorithm to solve MANET's routing problem.
Development of Micelle-Forming Polymeric Drug with Superior Anticancer Activity (1994)

Polymeric micelles have been utilized as a drug carrier system which can efficiently incorporate hydrophobic drugs. This chapter presents a concept and strategy for using micelle-forming polymeric drug system with selective drug delivery. An example of a drug with enhanced in vivo anticancer activity is described.
Practical Microwave Meter for Sensing Moisture and Density of Granular Materials (2008)

A low-cost microwave sensor for rapid and nondestructive sensing of bulk density and moisture content in granular and particulate materials has been built and tested. The sensor was made with inexpensive, off-the-shelf components and operates at 5.8 GHz. Three permittivity-based algorithms were used to determine simultaneously bulk density and moisture content from dielectric properties measurement. Results obtained for wheat indicate the bulk density can be determined with less than 2% relative error and that moisture content can be determined with a standard error of calibration of 0.5%.