gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of rumination in sheep by α‐adrenoreceptor antagonists (1988)

Rumination activity was recorded in sheep during a period of 3 h. The amount of rumination occurring in 30 min following the intravenous injection of an alpha 1 blocking drug (prazosin, 0.1 mg/kg) and an alpha 2 blocking drug (idazoxan, 0.1 mg/kg) was reduced compared with control days when saline was given. The observation that rumination can be stimulated by a rapid, intravenous dose of adrenalin was confirmed. The induction of rumination by adrenalin was prevented by these alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists given singly or together at the dose rate mentioned. These findings are discussed in the light of knowledge that normal reticulo-ruminal motility and food intake can be inhibited by stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors.
Laminated glass : dynamic rupture of adhesion (2016)

Il y a plus d'un siècle, les verres feuilletés ont été découverts. Ces structures sont formées d'un intercalaire polymère pris entre deux plis de verre. Cet intercalaire améliore considérablement les performances à l'impact de l'assemblage. Lorsque le verre se brise, la délamination et l'étirement de l'intercalaire dissipent une grande quantité d'énergie. Les personnes sont protégées de l'objet impactant qui ne traverse pas le verre et des projections potentiellement dangereuses. Nous avons identifié et caractérisé les mécanismes de dissipation d'énergie associés au décollement de l'intercalaire et à l'étirement qui s'en suit. Des tests de traction uniaxiale et des mesures de biréfringence ont permis de relier le comportement de l'intercalaire à sa structure chimique. Les différents mécanismes dissipatifs du comportement de ce polymère ont été identifiés et décris dans un modèle rhéologique. Nous avons utilisé une expérience modèle afin d'établir les sollicitations subies par l'intercalaire lors de sa délamination du verre. Cette expérience consiste en un essai de traction uniaxiale sur un verre feuilleté pré-entaillé. Nous avons montré l'existence d'un régime de délamination stationnaire dans une gamme limitée de température et de vitesse de déplacement imposée. Dans ces conditions stationnaires, nous avons identifié deux zones de dissipation d'énergie. La corrélation digitale d'image a permis de quantifier la dynamique de déformation de l'intercalaire en aval du front et d'expliquer la grande quantité d'énergie dissipée. Enfin un modèle éléments finis a confirmé les observations expérimentales et permis d'explorer le voisinage du front de délamination.
Evaluations of Molecular Docking Programs for Virtual Screening (2007)

Structure-based virtual screening is carried out using molecular docking programs. A number of such docking programs are currently available, and the selection of docking program is difficult without knowing the characteristics or performance of each program. In this study, the screening performances of three molecular docking programs, DOCK, AutoDock, and GOLD, were evaluated with 116 target proteins. The screening performances were validated using two novel standards, along with a traditional enrichment rate measurement. For the evaluations, each docking run was repeated 1000 times with three initial conformations of a ligand. While each docking program has some merit over the other docking programs in some aspects, DOCK showed an unexpectedly better screening performance in the enrichment rates. Finally, we made several recommendations based on the evaluation results to enhance the screening performances of the docking programs.
A Novel Privacy Preserving Location-Based Service Protocol With Secret Circular Shift for $k$-NN Search (2013)

Location-based service (LBS) is booming up in recent years with the rapid growth of mobile devices and the emerging of cloud computing paradigm. Among the challenges to establish LBS, the user privacy issue becomes the most important concern. A successful privacy-preserving LBS must be secure and provide accurate query [e.g., -nearest neighbor (NN)] results. In this work, we propose a private circular query protocol (PCQP) to deal with the privacy and the accuracy issues of privacy-preserving LBS. The protocol consists of a space filling curve and a public-key homomorphic cryptosystem. First, we connect the points of interest (POIs) on a map to form a circular structure with the aid of a Moore curve. And then the homomorphism of Paillier cryptosystem is used to perform secret circular shifts of POI-related information (POI-info), stored on the server side. Since the POI-info after shifting and the amount of shifts are encrypted, LBS providers (e.g., servers) have no knowledge about the user's location during the query process. The protocol can resist correlation attack and support a multiuser scenario as long as the predescribed secret circular shift is performed before each query; in other words, the robustness of the proposed protocol is the same as that of a one-time pad encryption scheme. As a result, the security level of the proposed protocol is close to perfect secrecy without the aid of a trusted third party and simulation results show that the k-NN query accuracy rate of the proposed protocol is higher than 90% even when is large.
Direct, rapid effects of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> on isolated intestinal cells (2003)

Scattered reports in the literature have suggested that the metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] has biological activity. In the present work, perfusion of isolated duodenal loops of normal chickens with 100 nM 25(OH)D(3) resulted in enhanced transport of (45)Ca within 2 min relative to the vehicle controls. We then tested the effect of a range of 25(OH)D(3) concentrations on (45)Ca handling by isolated intestinal cells in time course studies. Following a basal uptake period, cell suspensions from 7-week old chicks were treated either with 25, 100, or 300 nM 25(OH)D(3), or the vehicle ethanol (0.01%, final concentration). Both 25 and 100 nM 25(OH)D(3) resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in (45)Ca levels, relative to controls, between 1-10 min after treatment, while 300 nM 25(OH)D(3) resulted in a significant increase in (45)Ca levels, relative to controls, after 10 min of incubation. The effect of 100 nM 25(OH)D(3) (a physiological level) on cell calcium was abolished by the presence of 6.5 nM 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). In cell preparations from 14- or 28-week old birds 100nM 25(OH)D(3) had no effect, relative to vehicle controls. Incubation of cells with 2 microM BAY K8644, a calcium channel activator, stimulated (45)Ca uptake within 3 min relative to vehicle controls (P < 0.05), while addition of either 20 microM forskolin or 100 nM phorbol ester (stimulators of the PKA and PKC pathways, respectively) resulted in enhanced radionuclide levels after 10 min of incubation (P < 0.05, relative to corresponding controls). Finally, cells were treated with 100 nM 25(OH)D(3) or vehicle and samples taken at various times for analyses of protein kinase C and A activities. No effect of 25(OH)D(3) on protein kinase C activity was observed, while protein kinase A activity was stimulated to nearly 200% of controls at 1 min after 25(OH)D(3) addition (P < 0.05, relative to corresponding controls) and began declining at 3 min, returning to control levels 5 min after additions. We conclude that 25(OH)D(3) has a direct effect on calcium handling in enterocytes of young animals that may in part be mediated by the protein kinase A signal transduction pathway.
Optimization of Automated Synthesis of Amide-Linked RNA (2022)

The recent FDA approval of several antisense and siRNA drugs illustrates the utility of nucleic acid chemical modifications, but numerous challenges remain for generalized nucleic acid therapeutics, urging the exploration of new modification strategies. Replacing backbone phosphates with amides has shown promise for enhancing siRNA activity, specificity, and nuclease resistance; however, amide-linked RNA has not been fully explored due to lengthy and low yielding manual amide coupling procedures. We have addressed this by automating the assembly of amide-linked RNA using an Expedite 8909 nucleic acid synthesizer and optimizing solid-phase synthesis conditions to achieve 91-95% yields in just 5 min of coupling time. The optimized protocol allowed synthesis of a 21-nucleotide-long siRNA guide strand having six consecutive amide linkages at the 3'-end with an overall yield of ∼1%. Our results show that the steric hindrance caused by bulky 2'-O protecting groups and steric hindrance of the solid support are the key optimization variables for improving the amide couplings.
Cross-plane lattice and electronic thermal conductivities of ErAs:InGaAs∕InGaAlAs superlattices (2006)

We studied the cross-plane lattice and electronic thermal conductivities of superlattices made of InGaAlAs and InGaAs films, with the latter containing embedded ErAs nanoparticles (denoted as ErAs:InGaAs). Measurements of total thermal conductivity at four doping levels and a theoretical analysis were used to estimate the cross-plane electronic thermal conductivity of the superlattices. The results show that the lattice and electronic thermal conductivities have marginal dependence on doping levels. This suggests that there is lateral conservation of electronic momentum during thermionic emission in the superlattices, which limits the fraction of available electrons for thermionic emission, thereby affecting the performance of thermoelectric devices.
Enhanced ionic liquid mobility induced by confinement in 1D CNT membranes (2016)

Water confined within carbon nanotubes (CNT) exhibits tremendous enhanced transport properties. Here, we extend this result to ionic liquids (IL) confined in vertically aligned CNT membranes. Under confinement, the IL self-diffusion coefficient is increased by a factor 3 compared to its bulk reference. This could lead to high power battery separators.
A Randomized Trial of Intracoronary Streptokinase in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (1983)

Fifty patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive either intracoronary streptokinase or standard (control) therapy within about three hours after the onset of pain. Coronary perfusion was reestablished in 19 of 24 patients receiving streptokinase. Streptokinase alleviated pain (as indicated by differences in subsequent morphine use). The Killip class was significantly improved after therapy with streptokinase, as were changes in radionuclide ejection fraction between Days 1 and 10 in surviving patients (+3.9 vs. -3.0 per cent, P less than 0.01). The echocardiographic wall-motion index also showed greater improvement after streptokinase treatment (P less than 0.01). Streptokinase therapy was associated with rapid evolution of electrocardiographic changes, which were essentially complete within three hours after therapy, but loss of R waves, ST elevation, and development of Q waves in the convalescent period were greater in the control group (P less than 0.01). The time required to reach peak plasma enzyme concentrations was significantly shorter after streptokinase. The incidence of early and late ventricular arrhythmias was not affected by treatment. We conclude that intracoronary streptokinase appears to have a beneficial effect on the early course of acute myocardial infarction.
Vehicle control by computer vision (1992)

A method is described for guiding an autonomous vehicle along roadways based on visual signals. The vehicle follows a white guideline on a flat road sensed by a computer-controlled display (CCD) camera. The camera, mounted behind the windscreen of the vehicle, looks forward and down, detecting an area between 5 and 25 m ahead. An image processor (based on Transputers T800) scans the image for the borderline of the road. The line coordinates detected by the image processor are transmitted via transputer links to another transputer network. The implemented algorithm uses geometric coordinate-transformation and a dynamical model (Kalman filter) to identify the road curvature ahead and the relative position of the vehicle on the road. The reference angle for the electrical steering servo is computed from the lateral deviation, the yaw-angle deviation, the road-curvature, and the velocity of the vehicle. Altogether, it takes about 70 ms per image for recognition and control. Results for an experimental system are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phylogenetic Relationships among Turbellarian Orders Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences (1996)

The turbellarian flatworm is a key group to understand the origin and the early evolution of triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical animals, but phylogenetic relationships among turbellarian orders have been a subject of debates for decades, especially on the position of the acoel turbellarians. Some workers have considered the acoel representing the most primitive turbellarian order but others have regarded them as regressive. We determined almost the entire lengths of the nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) in 17 species from 9 turbellarian orders (the Acoela, Catenulida, Macrostomida, Lecithoepitheliata, Rhabdocoela, Prolecithophora, Proseriata, Tricladida, and Polycladida). After adding the sequences of a cestode, two trematodes and some diploblastic animals obtained from databases, we reconstructed phylogenetic trees using the neighbor-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods. All trees significantly indicated that the Acoela is the earliest divergent group among the turbellarian orders. The trees also suggested that the Tricladida evolved in the separate lineage from that of a cluster of the Catenulida, Macrostomida, Lecithoepitheliata, Rhabdocoela, Polycladida, Trematoda and Cestoda after the divergence of the Acoela.
Clinical efficacy and neuroprotective effects of brimonidine in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2008)

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, but increasingly we appreciate that non-pressure dependent factors, are key to our understanding of the pathophysiology of these neurodegenerative diseases, that target the retinal ganglion cell. As we try to expand therapy beyond IOP control, medications are being assessed for their neuroprotective abilities. Brimonidine is an effective ocular hypotensive treatment both as a first and second line agent, in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% is generally safe and well tolerated, with its safety profile further enhanced in the altered formulation brimonidine-Purite() 0.1%. Beyond brimonidine's pressure lowering capacity, laboratory and early clinical evidence supports its neuroprotective potential. We await validation of this in human clinical trials.
Optical MEMS for photonic switching-compact and stable optical crossconnect switches for simple, fast, and flexible wavelength applications in recent photonic networks (2005)

We review the development trends and state-of-the-art technologies of large-port-count optical switches over the past decade. Practical implementation of optical switch fabrics is discussed in terms of optical switch architectures, optical configurations, port counts, switch elements, and so on. We describe compact and stable optical crossconnect three-dimensional microelectromechanical systems (3-D-MEMS) switches that are a key technology in recent photonic networks. To show how these enable simple, fast, and flexible wavelength applications in the photonic layer, we discuss the fast and stable MEMS switching by novel comb actuator and V-shaped torsion bar, compact optical configuration with roof-type mirror, stable switch housing with cubic structure, packaging techniques by tolerance expansion and simple procedures of the component assembly, MEMS mirror controller with fast and low power digital notch circuit, reliability by shock absorption, and field trials. In addition, we discuss the impact of these switches on system integration for recent metropolitan area networks and enterprise networks.
Role of Arthropod Saliva in Blood Feeding: Sialome and Post-Sialome Perspectives (2002)

This review addresses the problems insects and ticks face to feed on blood and the solutions these invertebrates engender to overcome these obstacles, including a sophisticated salivary cocktail of potent pharmacologic compounds. Recent advances in transcriptome and proteome research allow an unprecedented insight into the complexity of these compounds, indicating that their molecular diversity as well as the diversity of their targets is still larger than previously thought.
Immunohistochemical localization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV in thyroid papillary carcinoma. (1992)

The localization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV expressed aberrantly in thyroid carcinoma was studied by immunoelectron microscopy using a monoclonal antibody to the enzyme with special reference to enzyme-histochemical staining of the enzyme. Five thyroid papillary carcinomas were investigated including two lymph-node metastases. All cases showed the dense immunoreaction product on the apical membrane and only traces of the product on lateral membranes, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes. In one case only, the dense product was observed on basal tubular structures. Analysis, using immunogold labelling on pre-embedded cryosections, revealed that dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV was localized on the luminal surface of cancer cells. Two different distribution patterns of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity staining, diffuse and apical patterns, reported previously were thought to be due to different amounts of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. This enzyme-histochemical staining method is useful for pathological diagnosis of thyroid tumours and can be applied to clinical materials. The enzyme localization is revealed by the staining pattern.
Attention Allocation in Information-Rich Environments: The Case of News Aggregators (2015)

News aggregators have emerged as an important component of digital content ecosystems, attracting traffic by hosting curated collections of links to third-party content, but also inciting conflict with content producers. Aggregators provide titles and short summaries (snippets) of articles they link to. Content producers claim that their presence deprives them of traffic that would otherwise flow to their sites. In light of this controversy, we conduct a series of field experiments whose objective is to provide insight with respect to how readers allocate their attention between a news aggregator and the original articles it links to. Our experiments are based on manipulating elements of the user interface of a Swiss mobile news aggregator. We examine how key design parameters, such as the length of the text snippet that an aggregator displays about articles, the presence of associated images, and the number of related articles on the same story, affect a reader’s propensity to visit the content producer’s site and read the full article. Our findings suggest the presence of a substitution relationship between the amount of information that aggregators offer about articles and the probability that readers will opt to read the full articles at the content producer sites. Interestingly, however, when several related article outlines compete for user attention, a longer snippet and the inclusion of an image increase the probability that an article will be chosen over its competitors. This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
Myocardial Interstitial Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Is Altered by Mechanical Changes in LV Load (2005)

LV myocardial remodeling is a structural hallmark of hypertensive hypertrophy, but molecular mechanisms driving this process are not well understood. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can cause myocardial remodeling in chronic disease states, but how MMP activity is altered with a mechanical load remains unknown. The present study quantified interstitial MMP activity after a discrete increase in LV load and dissected out the contributory role of the angiotensin II Type 1 receptor (AT1R). Pigs (38 kg) were randomized to undergo (1) increased LV load by insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) triggered at systole for 3 hours, then deactivated (n=11); (2) IABP and AT1R blockade (AT1RB; valsartan, 3 ng/kg/hr; n=6). MMP activity was directly measured in the myocardial interstitium using a validated inline digital fluorogenic microdialysis system. IABP engagement increased LV peak pressure from 92+/-3 to 113+/-5 and 123+/-7 mm Hg in the vehicle and AR1RB group, respectively, and remained elevated throughout the IABP period (P<0.05). With IABP disengagement, segmental shortening (% change from baseline of 0) remained depressed in the vehicle group (-32.2+/-11.8%, P<0.05) but returned to baseline in the AT1RB group (2.3+/-12.5%). MMP activity decreased with IABP in both groups. At IABP disengagement, a surge in MMP activity occurred in the vehicle group that was abrogated with AT1RB (3.03+/-0.85 versus 0.07+/-1.55 MMP units/hr, P<0.05). A transient increase in LV load caused a cyclic variation in interstitial MMP activity that is regulated in part by the AT1R. These temporally dynamic changes in MMP activity likely influence myocardial function and structure with increased LV load.
Textbook Satisfaction: A Preliminary Examination of the Student Perspective (1988)

An understanding of the role of textbooks in the higher education marketing mix can assist educators and administrators in increasing student satisfaction with the textbook itself, the course offering, and the overall university experience. This article reports recent research in this area.
Laser Scribing of p-i-n/p-i-n Micromorph (a-Si:H/µc-Si:H) Tandem Cells (2000)

ABSTRACT: In view of large-area industrial manufacturing, the feasibility of the monolithic electrical series connection becomes a key issue for the micromorph tandem thin-film solar cells. The application of the well-established laser scribing technique for thicker micromorph (a-Si:H/µc-Si:H) tandem solar cells is indispensable. In first experiments described here a micromorph module (A = 23.6 cm2) of 6 segments has been fabricated with an initial aperture efficiency of 9.3 % (Voc = 8.025 V, FF = 70 %, I = 39 mA).
Tungsten Nitride Deposition by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition as Barrier Metal for Cu Interconnection (2002)

A CVD-WN film is deposited as a barrier metal for copper interconnection using thermal CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) of WF6/NH3/SiH4 gases. Deposition of CVD-WN film with a resistivity of less than 300 \\microΩ·cm at a temperature of 400°C or less has been realized for the first time in the world. The deposited WN film is proved to be excellent in barrier properties and able to prevent Cu diffusion even with the film thickness of 6 nm as well. It is also proved that the CVD film is superior to a sputtered barrier metal in coverage and ECD (Electro-chemical deposition) filling properties. XPS analysis showed that adhesion of the CVD film to low-k materials is deteriorated by the existence of F at the interface between the WN film and low-k. Chemical surface pretreatment for low-k materials proves to restrain the pile-up of F at the interface and improve adhesion.