gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniature microwave plasma torch applicator and its characteristics (2004)

Summary form only given. A compact microwave plasma torch has been designed and experimentally evaluated. The torch is designed to be light weight and to operate at atmospheric pressure with a torch discharge size of less than 1 mm in diameter. The potential applications of the torch are for materials synthesis, material cutting and welding, and various surface treatments. This torch employs an open ended coaxial structure of 12 mm outer diameter with the discharge located at the tip of the center conductor that is 5 mm in diameter. The discharge is formed at atmospheric pressure where the feed gas flows through a nozzle hole of 200-500 /spl mu/m in diameter located at the end of the center conductor of the applicator. The microwave plasma torch is experimentally evaluated over a range of input power and a variety of feed gas mixtures including argon, mixtures of argon with hydrogen and selected hydrocarbon gases, nitrogen, and air. This torch operates from 10's to 100's of watts of 2.45 GHz input microwave power and is able to maintain discharges over a wide range of flows from diffusional flow of radicals for gentle surface processing to high velocity flow approaching supersonic velocities. Diagnostic measurements performed include (1) gas temperature measured by optical emission spectroscopy (OES), (2) discharge power densities and, (3) discharge volume and size. These measurements are done versus absorbed microwave power and gas flow rate. The discharge size for absorbed microwave powers of 10-30 watts is about 0.7 mm in diameter and 2-4 mm long for a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm. By using spatially resolved OES measurements, the temperature profile of the discharge is determined.
Minimum variance unbiased estimation of frequency offset in OFDM systems, a blind synchronization approach (2002)

We present a novel blind synchronization method for carrier frequency offset estimation of orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) systems. The proposed approach exploits the properties of cyclic prefix subset to reveal the synchronization parameters in the likelihood function of the received vector. Using Neyman-Fisher factorization theorem, the sufficient statistic for estimation of carrier frequency offset is identified. The resulting statistic, when applied to the Rao-Blackwell-Lehmann-Scheffe (RBLS) theorem, results in a robust minimum variance unbiased (MVU) estimate of the synchronization parameter. Statistical and closed loop performance of the estimator is analyzed and assessed by simulation for an OFDM system.
A PRECISION FLIGHT TEST APPLICATION OF A DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (1996)

MDHS has developed and integrated a precision flight test guidance and tracking system using a Different ial Global Positioning System. Designated the “Portabl e Test Range”, this system acquires, archives, and process es threedimensional aircraft position data in real-time. C ueing information regarding position, direction, velocity , and acceleration referenced to a selected coordinate sy stem is immediately presented to the flight crew on analog and digital indicators. Information latency and update rate is adequate to avoid pilot induced oscillation for hig hly dynamic maneuvers. Position data is available for integration into a flight director or autopilot sys tem, however the effectiveness of the information presen tation allows precise manual control of the aircraft. Ins tallation of the aircraft instrumentation is relatively simple. A test location can be chosen virtually without regard to topography, and can be surveyed in a day - quickly creating a precision test range. NOTATION
Gene regulation of flowering (1993)

Abstract A major change in the development of plants occurs upon floral induction. Meristems in certain positions become organized to form flowers. We are studying this process using a combination of genetic, molecular and physiological approaches in Antirrhinum. In particular, we are exploiting transposon-induced mutations in genes controlling early switches in floral development. These mutations cause homeotic and heterochronic phenotypes and three categories of genes have been identified. The first includes floricaula (flo), which is required to switch inflorescence meristems to a floral state. This gene has been isolated and shown to be expressed transiently in bract, sepal, petal and carpel primordia. The second group of genes controls the identity (and sometimes the number) of organs in a whorl. These genes affect overlapping whorls and their mutant phenotypes suggest a co binatorial model for gene action in determining the fate of floral primordia. Some of the regulatory interactions between these genes have been revealed by studying cis-or trans-acting mutations which have resulted in ectopic gene expression. Genes of the third category determine the identity of organs within one whorl and thus affect the symmetry of the flower. We propose that the interactions of these homeotic genes control the basic patterns of inflorescence and flower development not only in Antirrhinum, but also in a diverse range of plant species.
Time-resolved C-arm cone beam CT angiography using SMART-RECON: quantification of temporal resolution and reconstruction accuracy (2018)

Time-resolved cone beam CT angiography (CBCTA) imaging in the interventional suite has the potential to identify occluded vessels and the collaterals of symptomatic ischemic stroke patients. However, traditional C-arm gantries offer limited rotational speed and thus the temporal resolution is limited when the conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction is used. Recently, a model based iterative image reconstruction algorithm: Synchronized MultiArtifact Reduction with Tomographic reconstruction (SMART-RECON) was proposed to reconstruct multiple CBCT image volumes per short-scan CBCT acquisition to improve temporal resolution. However, it is not clear how much temporal resolution can be improved using the SMART-RECON algorithm or what the corresponding reconstruction accuracy is. In this paper, a novel fractal tree based numerical timeresolved angiography phantom with ground truth temporal information was introduced to quantify temporal resolution using a temporal blurring model analysis along with other two quantification metrics introduced to quantify reconstruction accuracy: the relative root mean square error (rRMSE) and the Kullback-Leibler Divergence (<sup>D</sup>KL). The quantitative results show that the temporal resolution is 0.8 s for SMART-RECON and 3.6 s for the FBP reconstruction. The reconstruction fidelity with SMART-RECON was substantially improved with the rRMSE improved by at least 70% and the <sup>D</sup>KL was improved by at least 40%.
Molecular Mechanisms of Photoaging in Human Skin In Vivo and Their Prevention by All-Trans Retinoic Acid (1999)

Solar UV radiation damages human skin, affecting skin tone and resiliency and leading to premature aging (photoaging), the symptoms of which include leathery texture, wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, laxity and sallowness. We propose that photoaging results largely from UV induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) that degrade skin collagen. We find that pretreatment of human skin with all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) inhibits UV induction of MMP, suggesting that tRA can protect against UV-induced collagen destruction and may therefore be able to lessen the effects of photoaging. The tRA prevents UV-induced accumulation of c-Jun protein, which is required for MMP gene expression. Activation of c-Jun transcriptional activity requires N-terminal phosphorylation. The majority of c-Jun in human skin in vivo is N-terminal phosphorylated. Topically applied tRA does not inhibit N-terminal phosphorylation by UV-induced c-Jun kinase activity in human skin. The tRA likely acts to reduce UV induction of c-Jun protein by stimulating its breakdown through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
Interaction between HIV-1 Rev and Integrase Proteins (2007)

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) Rev and integrase (IN) proteins are required within the nuclei of infected cells in the late and early phases of the viral replication cycle, respectively. Here we show using various biochemical methods, that these two proteins interact with each other in vitro and in vivo. Peptide mapping and fluorescence anisotropy showed that IN binds residues 1-30 and 49-74 of Rev. Following this observation, we identified two short Rev-derived peptides that inhibit the 3'-end processing and strand-transfer enzymatic activities of IN in vitro. The peptides bound IN in vitro, penetrated into cultured cells, and significantly inhibited HIV-1 in multinuclear activation of a galactosidase indicator (MAGI) and lymphoid cultured cells. Real time PCR analysis revealed that the inhibition of HIV-1 multiplication is due to inhibition of the catalytic activity of the viral IN. The present work describes novel anti-HIV-1 lead peptides that inhibit viral replication in cultured cells by blocking DNA integration in vivo.
A novel nano-injector-based single-photon infrared detector (2006)

We present a novel single photon detector based on a nano-injector. This method, in principle, is capable of single photon detection at room temperature at λ~1.7 μm. Also, the process is not based on avalanche multiplication, and hence the device has no excess noise. Moreover, the device can cover a wide range of wavelengths from UV to mid-infrared, since the detection and amplification processes are completely decoupled and delocalized. Unlike avalanche-based detectors, this device operates at a very low bias that makes it possible to produce large 2D arrays with a good uniformity.
“Warm Bodies”: A Post-Processing Technique for Animating Dynamic Blood Flow on Photos and Avatars (2021)

research-article “Warm Bodies”: A Post-Processing Technique for Animating Dynamic Blood Flow on Photos and Avatars Share on CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsMay 2021 Article No.: 579Pages 1–9https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445719Published:06 May 2021 0citation124DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads124Last 12 Months124Last 6 weeks19 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
8A-3 System Architecture of an Experimental Synthetic Aperture Real-Time Ultrasound System (2007)

Synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound imaging has many advantages in terms of flexibility and accuracy. One of the major drawbacks is, however, that no system exists, which can implement SA imaging in real time due to the very high number of calculations amounting to roughly 1 billion complex focused samples per second per receive channel. Real time imaging is a key aspect in ultrasound, and to truly demonstrate the many advantages of SA imaging, a system usable in the clinic should be made. The paper describes a system capable of real time SA B-mode and vector flow imaging. The synthetic aperture real-time ultrasound system (SARUS) has been developed through the last 2 years and can perform real time SA imaging and storage of RF channel data for multiple seconds. SARUS consists of a 1024 channel analog front-end and 64 identical digital boards. Each has 16 transmit channels and 16 receive channels both with a sampling frequency of 70 MHz/12 bits for arbitrary waveform emission and reception. The board holds live Virtex 4FX100 FPGAs, where one houses a PowerPC CPU used for control. The remaining four are used for generation of transmit signals, receive storage and matched Alter processing, and focusing and summing of data. Each FPGA can perform 80 billion multiplications/s and the full system can perform 25,600 billion multiplications/s. The FPGAs are connected through multiple 3.2 Gbit Rocket IO links, which makes it possible to send more than 1.6 GBytes/s of data between the FPGAs and between boards. The system can concurrently sample in 1024 channels, thus, generating 140 GBytes/s of data, which also can be processed in real time or stored. The system is controlled over a 1 Gbit/s Ethernet link to each digital board that runs Linux. The control and processing are divided into functional units that are accessed through an IP numbering scheme in a hierarchical order. A single controlling mechanism can, thus, be used to access the whole system from any PC. It is also possible for the controlling PowerPCs to access all other boards, which enables advanced adaptive imaging. The software is written in C++ and runs under Matlab for high level access to the system in a command structure similar to the Field II simulation program. This makes it possible for the user to specify imaging in very few lines of code and the set-up is fast due to the employment of the 64 PowerPCs in parallel. Focusing is done using a parametric beam former. Code synthesized for a Xilinx V4FX100 speed grade 11 FPGA can operate at a maximum clock frequency of 167.8 MHz producing 1 billion I and Q samples/second sufficient for real time SA imaging. The system is currently in production, and all boards have been laid out. VHDL and C++ code for the control has been written and the code for real time beamformation has been made and has obtained a sufficient performance for real-time imaging.
Freeze-Tolerant Condensers (2004)

Two condensers designed for use in dissipating heat carried by working fluids feature two-phase, self-adjusting configurations such that their working lengths automatically vary to suit their input power levels and/or heat-sink temperatures. A key advantage of these condensers is that they can function even if the temperatures of their heat sinks fall below the freezing temperatures of their working fluids and the fluids freeze. The condensers can even be restarted from the frozen condition. The top part of the figure depicts the layout of the first condenser. A two-phase (liquid and vapor) condenser/vapor tube is thermally connected to a heat sink typically, a radiatively or convectively cooled metal panel. A single-phase (liquid) condensate-return tube (return artery) is also thermally connected to the heat sink. At intervals along their lengths, the condenser/vapor tube and the return artery are interconnected through porous plugs. This condenser configuration affords tolerance of freezing, variable effective thermal conductance (such that the return temperature remains nearly constant, independently of the ultimate sink temperature), and overall pressure drop smaller than it would be without the porous interconnections. An additional benefit of this configuration is that the condenser can be made to recover from the completely frozen condition either without using heaters, or else with the help of heaters much smaller than would otherwise be needed. The second condenser affords the same advantages and is based on a similar principle, but it has a different configuration that affords improved flow of working fluid, simplified construction, reduced weight, and faster recovery from a frozen condition.
Collagen-Like Triple Helices Incorporating Peptoid Residues (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCollagen-Like Triple Helices Incorporating Peptoid Residues†Murray Goodman, Giuseppe Melacini, and Yangbo FengView Author Information Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0343Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 44, 10928–10929Publication Date (Web):November 6, 1996Publication History Received20 May 1996Published online6 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961717ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961717irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views492Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Chemical structure,Conformation,Melting,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Impact of Structural Distortions on the Loss Properties of Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers (2013)

We present a systematic method for designing hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber geometries with arbitrary structural distortions. Fully vectorial finite element simulations on fibres with realistically distorted claddings reveal that while some distortions are detrimental, a rearrangement of the core surround may reduce the loss by a factor as high as 2.4 compared to “ideal” fibers with no penalty on bandwidth.
Scaling of high power diode-pumped self-frequency doubled Nd/sup 3+/:YCOB lasers (2003)

Summary form only given. The development of high power, diode-pumped self-frequency doubling (SFD) lasers, such as Nd:YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (Nd:YCOB) may be an attractive alternative to lasers incorporating intra-cavity doubling with a separate nonlinear crystal. Several SFD lasers have shown efficient frequency doubling into the green. However, modeling of diode-pumped SFD lasers using end-pumping configurations have shown limitations resulting from a low power density of the pump volume. We report fundamental laser action and SFD operation under high power diode-pumping of Nd:YCOB.
Beyond ALK-RET, ROS1 and other oncogene fusions in lung cancer. (2015)

Fusions of the RET and ROS1 protein tyrosine kinase oncogenes with several partner genes were recently identified as new targetable genetic aberrations in cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lacking activating EGFR, KRAS, ALK, BRAF, or HER2 oncogene aberrations. RET and ROS1 fusion-positive tumors are mainly observed in young, female, and/or never smoking patients. Studies based on in vitro and in vivo (i.e., mouse) models and studies of several fusion-positive patients indicate that inhibiting the kinase activity of the RET and ROS1 fusion proteins is a promising therapeutic strategy. Accordingly, there are several ongoing clinical trials aimed at examining the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against RET and ROS1 proteins in patients with fusion-positive lung cancer. Other gene fusions (NTRK1, NRG1, and FGFR1/2/3) that are targetable by existing TKIs have also been identified in NSCLCs. Options for personalized lung cancer therapy will be increased with the help of multiplex diagnosis systems able to detect multiple druggable gene fusions.
CeO₂–MₓOy (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu)-Based Oxides for Direct NO Decomposition (2019)

Direct decomposition of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) into N₂ and O₂ offers the ideal route to catalytic removal of this air pollutant that contributes to photochemical smog and acid rain. Direct decomposition of NOₓ is simple and economic, because no reductants are required. Despite their extensive use in automotive exhaust catalytic applications, only a few ceria-based oxides are reported in the literature for direct NO decomposition. In the present study, transition-metal-doped (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) ceria-based catalysts were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and examined for direct NO decomposition in the temperature region 400–650 °C. Both CeO₂–Co₃O₄ and CeO₂–NiO catalysts exhibit higher activity and N₂ selectivity compared to CeO₂–Fe₂O₃ and CeO₂–CuO catalysts. Remarkably, Ce–Ni catalysts exhibit 100% selectivity toward N₂ at 400 °C and more than 95% selectivity at the remaining temperatures (450, 550, and 650 °C). Structural characterization measurements (X-ray diffraction) indicate that the transition metal enters the ceria lattice, and the extent of doping into CeO₂ depends on the transition-metal identity. Surface characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that both Co and Ni result in the presence of Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ and M²⁺/M³⁺ (M = Co, Ni), and the synergy between these dual redox sites is the origin of their higher activity. The effect of this synergy on the direct NOₓ decomposition is confirmed via NO adsorption/desorption studies, identifying a change in the nature and stability of adsorbed surface NOₓ species. Conversely, Fe and Cu remain in single oxidation states (Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺) in the Ce–Fe and Ce–Cu catalysts, respectively, thus their impact on the redox properties and NO adsorption species of ceria are less significant, yielding little effect on the direct NO decomposition activity.
A 486 µW All-Digital Bluetooth Low Energy Transmitter with Ring Oscillator Based ADPLL for IoT applications (2018)

this paper presents an all-digital Ring Oscillator (RO) based Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) transmitter (TX) for ultra-low-power radios in short range IoT applications. It employs a wideband ADPLL featuring an f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RF</sub> /4RO, with an embedded 5-bit TDC. A 4X frequency edge combiner is used to generate the 2.4GHz signal. This helps reduce the power consumption and enhance its phase noise performance at the same time. A switch-capacitor PA is optimized for high efficiency in low power mode. The TX is designed at the phase noise limit for BLE and in low power mode it consumes 486 μW while configured as a non-connectable advertiser, which has been validated by wirelessly communicating beacon messages to a mobile phone.
Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors: a patent review (2011)

The discovery of statins has had significant impact on reducing the worldwide burden of cardiovascular disease; nevertheless, the fact that heart disease remains a leading cause of death indicates that additional efforts are still needed. Using current statins, most patients at low and moderate risk of CVD reach recommended LDL-C targets, but a significant portion of patients in the high risk category fail to achieve optimal LDL-C targets. The potential introduction of novel statins with increased efficacy and tolerability profiles may represent an opportunity to further reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Herein, I review the patent literature and examine the properties of several next generation statin clinical candidates.