gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic Action of Estrogens, Flutamide, and Human Growth Hormone on Androgen-Induced Changes in the Activities of Some Enzymes of Hepatic Steroid Metabolism in the Rat* (1983)

The dose-dependent effects of daily estrogen (estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, diethylstilbestrol) administration on the activities of three hepatic androgen-dependent microsomal enzymes (3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5 alpha-reductase) in male rats were examined. Antiestrogens were then tested for their ability to block the feminizing action of 10 micrograms estradiol/day on these enzyme activities; nafoxidine and monohydroxytamoxifen were the most effective. The prevention of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone-induced changes in these activities in ovariectomized females was investigated. All three estrogens at a dose of 1 microgram blocked the action of 500 micrograms androgen. A similar androgenic blockade was achieved by daily administration of 5 mg flutamide or constant infusion of human GH (5 micrograms/h). Simultaneous administration of 200 micrograms monohydroxytamoxifen prevented the androgen-antagonizing action of estrogens, but not of flutamide nor of GH. Large doses of estrogens have the same repressive effect as androgens on 5 alpha-reductase activity in female castrates. Using the diethylstilbestrol-treated rat as a model, it is demonstrated that this effect can be prevented by antiestrogen, but not by GH. It is concluded that androgens and low doses of estrogens affect these enzyme activities by acting at different levels of central regulation, whereas large doses of estrogens act directly on the liver via hepatic estrogen receptors. These conclusions are corroborated by studies of hepatic estrogen receptor concentrations.
Snake Venom Immunology: Historical and Practical Considerations (1988)

Man has tried to immunize himself against snake venoms and other poisons since the beginnings of history. The scientific study of antivenins began with the work of Henry Sewall in 1887 and has progressed through the present century. Currently, a large number and diversity of monovalent and polyvalent antivenin preparations produced by well-defined protocols are commercially available around the world. These preparations owe much to the pioneering studies of many research workers, but most notably to the work of Sewall, Calmette, Fraser, Brazil, and Noguchi, and more recently to the studies of Boquet and Minton.
SUGESTÕES DE MELHORIAS PARA O PROGRAMA DE APRENDIZAGEM: A PERCEPÇÃO DE JOVENS EM SITUAÇÃO DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL E ECONÔMICA DO MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZ ALTA - RS (2017)

Considerando que os Programas de Aprendizagem constituem uma importante ferramenta de inclusao profissional e de desenvolvimento social, este estudo objetiva apresentar sugestoes de melhorias para o Programa de Aprendizagem, a partir da percepcao de jovens em situacao de vulnerabilidade social e economica do municipio de Cruz Alta – RS. Para alcancar os objetivos do estudo e para um maior aprofundamento da realidade empirica, esta pesquisa e classificada como descritiva de abordagem quali-quantitativa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo atraves de entrevistas. No processo de escolha dos sujeitos que participariam da pesquisa foi utilizado como criterio de selecao a totalidade dos jovens (vinte) participantes dos CRAS (Centros de Referencia de Assistencia Social) do municipio de Cruz Alta - RS, e que concluiram o Programa de Aprendizagem . Acredita-se que, apesar de haver lacunas na sua aplicabilidade, a Lei da Aprendizagem, como politica publica idealizada atraves dos Programas de Aprendizagem tem papel de significativa importância no desenvolvimento social dos jovens e contribui na sua empregabilidade e principalmente amplia as suas expectativas de futuro.
Learning to Live with the Killing Fields: Ethics, Politics, Relationality (2021)

The Killing Fields call into question my very being. How are we to live in and with the aftermath of an estimated 1.7 million people perishing? How are we, the survivors of this calamity, to discern our family (hi)stories and ourselves in the face of these irreparable genealogical fractures? This paper begins with stories—co-constructed with my father—about the Killing Fields, a genocide orchestrated by the Khmer Rouge and from which humanity appears to suffer a collective amnesia. The latter half of this paper turns to my engagements with ethical-political philosophy as a means to comprehend and make meaning of the atrocities described by my father. Drawing principally on the Yin-Yang philosophy and Thai considerations of the face, I respond to keystone Khmer Rouge ideas and strategies that “justified” the murder of over one million people. Philosophy teaches me to learn from and how to live with the Killing Fields. It offers me routes to make sense of my roots in the absence of treasure troves that would typically inform the writing of genealogies and family (hi)stories. This paper gives testimony to a tragedy of the past that is inscribed in the present and in the yearning for a better tomorrow.
Scattering Analysis and Design of SAW (1979)

sin X/X form associated with a finite-length periodic transducer, but with slight asymmetries due to the changed shape of the radiation pattern with frequency. The latter effect and the 1Ifidependence on distance do not occur, of course, when dealing with single dispersionless surface-guided modes. The change in field distribution with number of finger pairs is indicated by a comparison of Fig. 2(b) and Fig. 7, both of which are drawn for the same frequency f, and for the same finger excitation but for 50 and 20 finger pairs, respectively. Equation (2) applies for distances several wavelengths from the transducer, and on the surface A(0) is proportional to the number of finger pairs, thus points on the surface at corresponding distances from the transducer center line have intensities differing by approximately 8 dB. With the shorter transducer the decay with depth is slower at each horizontal distance from the transducer, and of course, in the far field the angular beam width at resonance is larger (see (3)). In the series of drawings (Fig. 2-7 inclusive) we have attempted to illustrate the transition in the field distributions excited by a transducer for the so-called surface-skimming
Long-Term Occupancy Analysis Using Graph-Based Optimisation in Thermal Imagery (2013)

This paper presents a robust occupancy analysis system for thermal imaging. Reliable detection of people is very hard in crowded scenes, due to occlusions and segmentation problems. We therefore propose a framework that optimises the occupancy analysis over long periods by including information on the transition in occupancy, when people enter or leave the monitored area. In stable periods, with no activity close to the borders, people are detected and counted which contributes to a weighted histogram. When activity close to the border is detected, local tracking is applied in order to identify a crossing. After a full sequence, the number of people during all periods are estimated using a probabilistic graph search optimisation. The system is tested on a total of 51,000 frames, captured in sports arenas. The mean error for a 30-minute period containing 3-13 people is 4.44 %, which is a half of the error percentage optained by detection only, and better than the results of comparable work. The framework is also tested on a public available dataset from an outdoor scene, which proves the generality of the method.
Parallel imaging reconstruction using automatic regularization (2004)

Increased spatiotemporal resolution in MRI can be achieved by the use of parallel acquisition strategies, which simultaneously sample reduced k-space data using the information from multiple receivers to reconstruct full-FOV images. The price for the increased spatiotemporal resolution in parallel MRI is the degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the final reconstructed images. Part of the SNR reduction results when the spatially correlated nature of the information from the multiple receivers destabilizes the matrix inversion used in the reconstruction of the full-FOV image. In this work, a reconstruction algorithm based on Tikhonov regularization is presented that reduces the SNR loss due to geometric correlations in the spatial information from the array coil elements. Reference scans are utilized as a priori information about the final reconstructed image to provide regularized estimates for the reconstruction using the L-curve technique. This automatic regularization method reduces the average g-factors in phantom images from a two-channel array from 1.47 to 0.80 in twofold sensitivity encoding (SENSE) acceleration. In vivo anatomical images from an eight-channel system show an averaged g-factor reduction of 1.22 to 0.84 in 2.67-fold acceleration.
Computational tools help improve protein stability but with a solubility tradeoff (2017)

Accurately predicting changes in protein stability upon amino acid substitution is a much sought after goal. Destabilizing mutations are often implicated in disease, whereas stabilizing mutations are of great value for industrial and therapeutic biotechnology. Increasing protein stability is an especially challenging task, with random substitution yielding stabilizing mutations in only ∼2% of cases. To overcome this bottleneck, computational tools that aim to predict the effect of mutations have been developed; however, achieving accuracy and consistency remains challenging. Here, we combined 11 freely available tools into a meta-predictor (meieringlab.uwaterloo.ca/stabilitypredict/). Validation against ∼600 experimental mutations indicated that our meta-predictor has improved performance over any of the individual tools. The meta-predictor was then used to recommend 10 mutations in a previously designed protein of moderate thermodynamic stability, ThreeFoil. Experimental characterization showed that four mutations increased protein stability and could be amplified through ThreeFoil's structural symmetry to yield several multiple mutants with >2-kcal/mol stabilization. By avoiding residues within functional ties, we could maintain ThreeFoil's glycan-binding capacity. Despite successfully achieving substantial stabilization, however, almost all mutations decreased protein solubility, the most common cause of protein design failure. Examination of the 600-mutation data set revealed that stabilizing mutations on the protein surface tend to increase hydrophobicity and that the individual tools favor this approach to gain stability. Thus, whereas currently available tools can increase protein stability and combining them into a meta-predictor yields enhanced reliability, improvements to the potentials/force fields underlying these tools are needed to avoid gaining protein stability at the cost of solubility.
An Integrated Framework for Obstacle Mapping With See-Through Capabilities Using Laser and Wireless Channel Measurements (2013)

In this paper, we consider a team of mobile robots that are tasked with building a map of the obstacles, including occluded ones, in a given environment. We propose an integrated framework for mapping with see-through capabilities using laser and wireless channel measurements, which can provide mapping capabilities beyond existing methods in the literature. Our approach leverages the laser measurements to map the visible parts of the environment (the parts that can be sensed directly by the laser scanners) using occupancy grid mapping. The parts that cannot be properly mapped by laser scanners (e.g., the occluded parts) are then identified and mapped based on wireless channel measurements. For the latter, we extend our recently-proposed wireless-based obstacle mapping framework to a probabilistic approach using Bayesian Compressive Sensing. We further consider an integrated approach based on using total variation minimization. We compare the performance of our two integrated methods, using both simulated and real data, and show the underlying tradeoffs. Finally, we propose an adaptive path planning strategy that uses the current estimate of uncertainty to collect wireless measurements that are more informative for obstacle mapping. Overall, our framework enables mapping occluded structures that cannot be mapped with laser scanners alone or a small number of wireless measurements. Our experimental robotic testbed further confirms that the proposed integrated framework can map a more complex real occluded structure that cannot be mapped with existing strategies in the literature.
Accessing neuroinflammation sites: Monocyte/neutrophil-mediated drug delivery for cerebral ischemia (2019)

Cerebral ischemia (CI) results from inadequate blood flow to the brain. The difficulty of delivering therapeutic molecules to lesions resulting from CI hinders the effective treatment of this disease. The inflammatory response following CI offers a unique opportunity for drug delivery to the ischemic brain and targeted cells because of the recruitment of leukocytes to the stroke core and penumbra. In the present study, neutrophils and monocytes were explored as cell carriers after selectively carrying cRGD liposomes, which effectively transmigrated the blood-brain barrier, infiltrated the cerebral parenchyma, and delivered therapeutic molecules to the injured sites and target cells. Our results showed the successful comigration of liposomes with neutrophils/monocytes and that both monocytes and neutrophils were important for successful delivery. Enhanced protection against ischemic injury was achieved in the CI/reperfusion model. The strategy presented here shows potential in the treatment of CI and other diseases related to inflammation.
A guide to textbook project design and preparation (1986)

This paper is primarily a checklist of issues in the design and preparation of textbook projects. It demonstrates how production decisions relate to a variety of other project decisions, and provides key alternatives in the decision-making process. The guide is divided into four sections. The first consists of questions that project designers and ministers of education are likely to ask when confronting the problem of textbook provision. For example, should there be a textbook project? If so, what financial arrangements are required to ensure continuing book provision as a result of the project? The second section provides checklists for every key activity likely to be involved in a textbook project. The third is a set of documents and calculations which illustrate some of the references made in the second section. The last section is a glossary of professional terms which are either used in the text or which might be used in discussions of project design.
Machine Learning Approaches for Auto Insurance Big Data (2021)

The growing trend in the number and severity of auto insurance claims creates a need for new methods to efficiently handle these claims. Machine learning (ML) is one of the methods that solves this problem. As car insurers aim to improve their customer service, these companies have started adopting and applying ML to enhance the interpretation and comprehension of their data for efficiency, thus improving their customer service through a better understanding of their needs. This study considers how automotive insurance providers incorporate machinery learning in their company, and explores how ML models can apply to insurance big data. We utilize various ML methods, such as logistic regression, XGBoost, random forest, decision trees, naïve Bayes, and K-NN, to predict claim occurrence. Furthermore, we evaluate and compare these models’ performances. The results showed that RF is better than other methods with the accuracy, kappa, and AUC values of 0.8677, 0.7117, and 0.840, respectively.
TNF inhibition as therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (2002)

The introduction of TNF- alpha -inhibiting biologicals has been a major therapeutic breakthrough in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Against a background of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug experience, this review focuses on present experiences and possible future developments. TNF inhibition results in profound improvement in the majority of rheumatoid arthritis patients, but non-response and adverse effects need attention. Adalimumab is being filed for approval. Other monoclonal antibodies or receptor constructs are in late development. Small molecule inhibitors of TNF production or signalling are a hot topic. One emerging target is nuclear factor kappa B and selective inhibition has proved effective in animal models of arthritis. Synovial proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by diminished apoptosis of fibroblasts, whereas bone marrow precursor cells undergo accelerated apoptosis in active rheumatoid arthritis. Both abnormalities are seemingly ameliorated by TNF inhibition. Anti-apoptotic strategies will soon go into development for control of unresponsive rheumatoid arthritis.
Gamification of Self-health Management: Understanding the Moderating Effect of Demographic Difference (2020)

In order to help patients manage their health, the developers of mobile health Apps have designed a gamification function to encourage patients to engaging in self-health management. This paper mainly examines the role of two important gamification factors, i.e., the strength of competition and the frequency of social interaction, on patients’ self-health management, as well as investigating the moderating effect of patients’ age and gender difference. To test our research questions, this paper designed a quasi-experiment with combination of propensity score matching (PSM) and difference-in-differences analysis (D-in-D). We found that the effect of social interaction on female patients is stronger than that on male patients, and the effect of competition on male patients is stronger than that on female patients. Moreover, our research results pointed out that the effect of social interaction on old patients is stronger than that on young patients, and the effect of competition on young patients is stronger than that on old patients. The findings of our research contribute to gamification and self-health management literature, as well as providing a new insight on practical implications and related suggestions for the developers of mobile health Apps.
Binding of the nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin to deoxyribonucleic acid (1980)

The methanol-extracted, nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin (NCS), which has DNA-degrading activity comparable to that of the native antibiotic, was found to have a strong affinity for DNA. Binding of chromophore was shown by (1) quenching by DNA of the 440-nm fluorescence and shifting of the emission peak to 420 nm, (2) protection by DNA against spontaneous loss of activity in aqueous solution, and (3) inhibition by DNA of the spontaneous generation of 490-nm fluorescence. Good quantitative correlation was found between these three methods in measuring chromophore binding. There was nearly a 1:1 correspondence between loss of chromophore activity and generation of 490-nm fluorescence, suggesting spontaneous degradation of active chromophore to a highly fluorescent product. Chromophore showed a preference for DNA high in adenine + thymine content in both fluorescence quenching and protection studies. NCS apoprotein, which is known to bind and protect active chromophore, quenched the 440-nm fluorescence, shifted the emission peak to 420 nm, and inhibited the generation of 490-nm fluorescence. Chromophore had a higher affinity for apoprotein than for DNA. Pretreatment of chromophore with 2-mercaptoethanol increased the 440-nm fluorescence seven-fold and eliminated the tendency to generate 490-nm fluorescence. The 440-nm fluorescence of this inactive material was also quenched by DNA and shifted to 420 nm, indicating an affinity for DNA comparable to that of untreated chromophore. However, its affinity for apoprotein was much lower than that of untreated chromophore. Both 2-mercapto-ethanol-treated and untreated chromophore unwound supercoiled pMB9 DNA, suggesting intercalation by both molecules. Since no physical evidence for interaction of native neocarzinostatin with DNA has been found, it is likely that dissociation of the chromophore from the protein and association with DNA are important steps in degradation of DNA by neocarzinostatin.
System architecture for an advanced Canadian communications satellite demonstration mission (1992)

This paper describes an advanced communications satellite system that provides single hop interconnectivity and interworking for both an advanced private business network (APBN) and a personal communications network (PCN) in the Ku and Ka bands respectively. The discussion of the system architecture highlights the following key system features: . on board processing including self-routing fast packet switching and some aspects of network control . APBN MF-TDMA uplink with a hybrid access protocol that combines random and reservation ALOHA access . system (symbol) synchronous operation It will be shown that a satellite system design that comprises the above features can dynamically establish links and efficiently allocate the satellite resource amongst the user terminal population for a mix of voice and data traffic. An overall network perspective is given that examines the interface of such an advanced satcom system to the terrestrial network in the context of the OSI model.
Automated prostate segmentation of volumetric CT images using 3D deeply supervised dilated FCN (2019)

Segmentation of the prostate in 3D CT images is a crucial step in treatment planning and procedure guidance such as brachytherapy and radiotherapy. However, manual segmentation of the prostate is very time-consuming and depends on the experience of the clinician. On the contrary, automated prostate segmentation is more helpful in practice, whereas the task is very challenging due to low soft-tissue contrast in CT images. In this paper, we propose a 3D deeply supervised fully-convolutional-network (FCN) with dilated convolution kernel to automatically segment prostate in CT images. A deep supervision strategy could acquire more powerful discriminative capability and accelerate the optimization convergence in training stage, while concatenating the dilated convolution enlarges the receptive field to extract more global contextual information for accurate prostate segmentation. The presented method was evaluated using 15 prostate CT images and obtained a mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.85±0.04 and mean surface distance (MSD) of 1.92±0.46 mm. The experimental results show that our approach yields accurate CT prostate segmentation, which can be employed for the prostate-cancer treatment planning of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy.