gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rifting history of the northern Mariana Trough: SeaMARC II and seismic reflection surveys (1996)

SeaMARC II sidescan sonar data and seismic reflection profiles of the northernmost portion of the Mariana Trough suggest a rifting rather than a seafloor‐spreading origin for lithosphere within this active backarc basin of the western Pacific. Variations in morphology along the strike of the backarc basin suggest both a spatial and a temporal variation in the style of extension of the basin. The northern Mariana Trough widens from 70 km near 23°N to 135 km near 21°30′N. Major active fault zones bound both sides of the backarc basin. Active rifting and volcanism are predominant in a roughly 20‐km‐wide active rift zone along the eastern (arc) side of the basin from 24°N to 22°N. The locus of active rifting has remained near the volcanic front of the arc during extension and is probably controlled by lithospheric weakness, which is greatest at the volcanic front. The zone of rifting intersects the active volcanic arc at Nikko Seamount. The distinction between the mechanism for formation of the Mariana Trough proposed here and that of slow mid‐ocean ridge spreading is that no true plate boundary has developed in the northernmost Mariana Trough. Rather, the backarc basin is composed of arc lithosphere intruded by arc and backarc basin magmas. Volcanism both in the rift zone and throughout the basin is fault‐controlled. South of 22°N, the zone of active rifting diverges westward from the arc as the transition to true seafloor spreading is approached. The transition to true mid‐ocean ridge spreading occurs to the south of the survey area described here.
Gene Therapy for Liver Disease (1998)

With major advances in biomedical science over the last 2 decades, the possibility of treating human disease at a genetic level has become a tantalizing possibility. As a result, a growing number of investigators are focusing on the development of techniques to deliver therapeutic genes into cells. The liver has been a model organ in the development of this gene transfer technology. This review focuses on the attributes and limitations of the current gene delivery systems that have been explored in the context of liver disease and highlights the obstacles that must be addressed before hepatic gene therapy becomes a clinical reality.
CCGA: Clustering and Capturing Group Activities for DGA-Based Botnets Detection (2019)

Botnet is a part of the most destructive threats to network security and is often used in malicious activities. DGA-based botnet, which uses Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) to evade detection, has become the main channel to carry out online crimes. In the past, many detection mechanisms focusing on domain features are proposed, but the potential problem is that the features extracting only from the domain names are insufficient and the enemies could easily forge them to disturb detection. In this paper, we propose a novel approach named CCGA to detect DGA-based botnet by leveraging the concerted group behaviors of infected hosts on DNS traffic. The analysis of group behaviors enhances the robustness of our system irrespective of various evasion techniques, such as fake-querying, packet encryption and noise generated by normal users. The proposed scheme associates hosts together in an unsupervised way and then uses supervised learning to distinguish whether it's a botnet. Our system is evaluated in a large ISP over two days and compared with the state of art FANCI. Experimental results show that CCGA can accurately and effectively detect DGA-based botnet in a real-world network. Our system also catches 5 unknown botnet groups and provides a novel method to verify them. Therefore, the system will provide an unique perspective on the current state of globally distributed malware, particularly the ones that use DNS.
Regional Economic Co‐operation in the Asia‐Pacific Region (1989)

This article surveys literature on regional economic co‐operation first in ASEAN and then in the general Pacific area. It covers both historical and descriptive accounts of regional co‐operation and also assessments of their impact. For ASEAN it deals with industrial projects, joint ventures, complementation and preferential trading arrangements. The treatment of Pacific economic co‐operation is more general and is concerned with background, objectives, proposals, membership and caveats and critical views.
Control of GluR1 AMPA Receptor Function by cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (2000)

Modulation of postsynaptic AMPA receptors in the brain by phosphorylation may play a role in the expression of synaptic plasticity at central excitatory synapses. It is known from biochemical studies that GluR1 AMPA receptor subunits can be phosphorylated within their C terminal by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which is colocalized with the phosphatase calcineurin (i.e., phosphatase 2B). We have examined the effect of PKA and calcineurin on the time course, peak open probability (P(O, PEAK)), and single-channel properties of glutamateevoked responses for neuronal AMPA receptors and homomeric GluR1(flip) receptors recorded in outside-out patches. Inclusion of purified catalytic subunit Calpha-PKA in the pipette solution increased neuronal AMPA receptor P(O,PEAK) (0.92) compared with recordings made with calcineurin included in the pipette (P(O,PEAK) 0.39). Similarly, Calpha-PKA increased P(O,PEAK) for recombinant GluR1 receptors (0. 78) compared with patches excised from cells cotransfected with a cDNA encoding the PKA peptide inhibitor PKI (P(O,PEAK) 0.50) or patches with calcineurin included in the pipette (P(O,PEAK) 0.42). Neither PKA nor calcineurin altered the amplitude of single-channel subconductance levels, weighted mean unitary current, mean channel open period, burst length, or macroscopic response waveform for recombinant GluR1 receptors. Substitution of an amino acid at the PKA phosphorylation site (S845A) on GluR1 eliminated the PKA-induced increase in P(O,PEAK), whereas the mutation of a Ca(2+), calmodulin-dependent kinase II and PKC phosphorylation site (S831A) was without effect. These results suggest that AMPA receptor peak response open probability can be increased by PKA through phosphorylation of GluR1 Ser845.
The analysis of RF fingerprinting for low-end wireless receivers with application to IEEE 802.11a (2012)

RF fingerprinting is proposed to provide an additional layer of security for Wireless devices. The unique RF fingerprint can be used to establish the identity of a specific wireless transmitter in order to prevent masquerading/impersonation attacks. The existing RF fingerprinting techniques are mostly analyzed with high-end receivers, which are built with expensive analog components. However, low-end receivers built with inexpensive components have its own limitation and impairments. This paper has analyzed the classification performance of RF fingerprinting and its feasibility for low-end receivers. Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) is used as low-end receiver and its performance is compared with high-end receiver, which consists of expensive spectrum analyzer and Oscilloscope. Results have shown that classification accuracy of different low-end receivers varies for a specific transmitter and credible results can be achieved at high SNR while the classification accuracy of high-end receiver is high even at low SNR.
Aberrant Expression of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 in Human Solid Cancers (2006)

Aberrant expression of CTHRC1 is widely present in human solid cancers and seems to be associated with cancer tissue invasion and metastasis. It potentially plays important functional roles in cancer progression, perhaps by increasing cancer cell migration.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Thermoformability of Industrial Polymers (1999)

The processability of industrial polymers was experimentally and numerically investigated. The heating temperature of ABS and HIPS sheets was systematically varied in order to determine the minimum sheet temperature required for vacuum forming onto two different cavity moulds with acceptable thickness variations. Finite element simulations of the process using hyperelastic and viscoelastic constitutive equations were also performed in order to analyze the models' ability to predict thermoformability of polymers. Prediction of minimum required sheet temperature as well as the part thickness distribution were compared to experimental measurements.
READA: Redundancy Elimination for Accurate Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

In monitoring systems, multiple sensor nodes can detect a single target of interest simultaneously and the data collected are usually highly correlated and redundant. If each node sends data to the base station, energy will be wasted and thus the network energy will be depleted quickly. Data aggregation is an important paradigm for compressing data so that the energy of the network is spent efficiently. In this paper, a novel data aggregation algorithm called Redundancy Elimination for Accurate Data Aggregation (READA) has been proposed. By exploiting the range of spatial correlations of data in the network, READA applies a grouping and compression mechanism to remove duplicate data in the aggregated set of data to be sent to the base station without largely losing the accuracy of the final aggregated data. One peculiarity of READA is that it uses a prediction model derived from cached values to confirm whether any outlier is actually an event which has occurred. From the various simulations conducted, it was observed that in READA the accuracy of data has been highly preserved taking into consideration the energy dissipated for aggregating the data
Recommended Guidelines for the Conduct and Evaluation of Prognostic Studies in Veterinary Oncology (2010)

There is an increasing need for more accurate prognostic and predictive markers in veterinary oncology because of an increasing number of treatment options, the increased financial costs associated with treatment, and the emotional stress experienced by owners in association with the disease and its treatment. Numerous studies have evaluated potential prognostic and predictive markers for veterinary neoplastic diseases, but there are no established guidelines or standards for the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary medicine. This lack of standardization has made the evaluation and comparison of studies difficult. Most important, translating these results to clinical applications is problematic. To address this issue, the American College of Veterinary Pathologists' Oncology Committee organized an initiative to establish guidelines for the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary oncology. The goal of this initiative is to increase the quality and standardization of veterinary prognostic studies to facilitate independent evaluation, validation, comparison, and implementation of study results. This article represents a consensus statement on the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary oncology from veterinary pathologists and oncologists from around the world. These guidelines should be considered a recommendation based on the current state of knowledge in the field, and they will need to be continually reevaluated and revised as the field of veterinary oncology continues to progress. As mentioned, these guidelines were developed through an initiative of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists' Oncology Committee, and they have been reviewed and endorsed by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association.
A general framework for brain-computer interface design (2003)

The Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research community has acknowledged that researchers are experiencing difficulties when they try to compare the BCI techniques described in the literature. In response to this situation, the community has stressed the need for objective methods to compare BCI technologies. Suggested improvements have included the development and use of benchmark applications and standard data sets. However, as a young, multidisciplinary research field, the BCI community lacks a common vocabulary. As a result, this deficiency leads to poor intergroup communication, which hinders the development of the desired methods of comparison. One of the principle reasons for the lack of common vocabulary is the absence of a common functional model of a BCI System. This paper proposes a new functional model for BCI System design. The model supports many features that facilitate the comparison of BCI technologies with other BCI and non-BCI user interface technologies. From this model, taxonomy for BCI System design is developed. Together the model and taxonomy are considered a general framework for BCI System design. The representational power of the proposed framework was evaluated by applying it to a set of existing BCI technologies. The framework could effectively describe all of the BCI System designs tested.
Event identification in social media through latent dirichlet allocation and named entity recognition (2014)

Nowadays people use social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Orkut for sharing personal information and also significant events that occurs all over the world. Online news broadcast the most momentous events among users. Then the users discuss those events and post their reviews in micro blogs or in blogosphere. Since the web seems to be too huge and also the information available on the web is constantly updating, the task of identifying such events that are accessible on the web and the comments that are discussed related to those events in social networks is much daunting. Usually an event is temporal in nature, they change in time. Due to the temporal nature of events, the identification of event becomes even more difficult. Existing visual text analysis system extracts temporal themes from the large document stream and with that information; it provides temporal views of changes that occur on the event. Consequently, events that cause the changes can't be identified. In this paper, an Event Identification System is proposed to identify the most important events that occur and to identify the user discussion and also to rate their reviews. The proposed methodology make use of topic clustering, named entity recognition, latent dirichlet allocation, topic modeling to identify the significant events that are available on the web.
A possible correlation between the type of bcr-abl hybrid messenger RNA and platelet count in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia [see comments] (1991)

The Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome, in which the hybrid bcr-abl gene is formed, is thought to be the initial event in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The position of the breakpoint within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) on Ph1 chromosome and the splicing pattern determine the species of the fused bcr-abl messenger RNA (mRNA). We tried to detect the two types of fused mRNAs in 57 chronic-phase cases of Ph1-positive CML using the polymerase chain reaction procedure (RT- PCR). The bcr exon 2/abl exon 2 fused mRNA (b2-a2) was detected in 17 patients, the bcr exon 3/abl exon 2 fused mRNA (b3-a2) was detected in 34 patients, and both types of mRNA were detected in six patients. The platelet counts of patients who expressed b3-a2 mRNA or both types were significantly higher than those of patients who expressed only b2-a2 (841.5 v 373.5 x 10(9)/L; P less than .015), although there was no significant difference in the white blood cell counts or hemoglobin. This finding suggests a possibility that the type of bcr-abl mRNA may affect the thrombopoietic activity in CML.
Peritoneal Plasmacytomagenesis in Mice: Comparison of Different Pristane Dose Regimens<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1983)

Plasmacytomas were induced in inbred BALB/c pi mice by the ip injection of pristane with 4 different dose schedules. Three 0.5-ml doses (1.5 ml) given at 2-month intervals gave an average yield of 61% plasmacytomas in 6 experimental groups with a range from 51 to 71%; a single 1-ml dose gave an average yield of 42% plasmacytomas in 5 experimental groups with a range from 37 to 45%; and a single 0.5-ml dose gave an average of 22% from 3 experiments involving young mice with a range from 14 to 26%. Two 0.5-ml doses given at various intervals from 14 to 300 days gave yields of plasmacytomas that usually but not always were greater than that obtained with a single 0.5-ml dose of pristane. When the second injection of pristane was delayed as long as 180 days, a strong additive effect over that observed with 0.5 ml alone was obtained. The plasmacytomas developed in mice given the second dose 180 days after the first, with virtually the same latent period as observed with a single 1-ml dose. No plasmacytomas were found in 200 BALB/c pi mice inoculated with corn oil, aluminum hydroxide, or very small doses of pristane (i.e., 0.05 ml). The minimal latent period for plasmacytoma development is about 120 days. The median latent period ranged from 180 to 250 days in the groups of mice that received 3 0.5-ml injections of pristane. In a single experiment pristane freed of UV-absorbing materials was as potent as commercial grade pristane in inducing plasmacytomas.
Droid-Sec (2014)

As smartphones and mobile devices are rapidly becoming indispensable for many network users, mobile malware has become a serious threat in the network security and privacy. Especially on the popular Android platform, many malicious apps are hiding in a large number of normal apps, which makes the malware detection more challenging. In this paper, we propose a ML-based method that utilizes more than 200 features extracted from both static analysis and dynamic analysis of Android app for malware detection. The comparison of modeling results demonstrates that the deep learning technique is especially suitable for Android malware detection and can achieve a high level of 96% accuracy with real-world Android application sets.
Cortical Focus Drives Widespread Corticothalamic Networks during Spontaneous Absence Seizures in Rats (2002)

Absence seizures are the most pure form of generalized epilepsy. They are characterized in the electroencephalogram by widespread bilaterally synchronous spike-wave discharges (SWDs), which are the reflections of highly synchronized oscillations in thalamocortical networks. To reveal network mechanisms responsible for the initiation and generalization of the discharges, we studied the interrelationships between multisite cortical and thalamic field potentials recorded during spontaneous SWDs in the freely moving WAG/Rij rat, a genetic model of absence epilepsy. Nonlinear association analysis revealed a consistent cortical "focus" within the peri-oral region of the somatosensory cortex. The SWDs recorded at other cortical sites consistently lagged this focal site, with time delays that increased with electrode distance (corresponding to a mean propagation velocity of 1.4 m/sec). Intra-thalamic relationships were more complex and could not account for the observed cortical propagation pattern. Cortical and thalamic sites interacted bi-directionally, whereas the direction of this coupling could vary throughout one seizure. However, during the first 500 msec, the cortical focus was consistently found to lead the thalamus. These findings argue against the existence of one common subcortical pacemaker for the generation of generalized spike-wave discharges characteristic for absence seizures in the rat. Instead, the results suggest that a cortical focus is the dominant factor in initiating the paroxysmal oscillation within the corticothalamic loops, and that the large-scale synchronization is mediated by ways of an extremely fast intracortical spread of seizure activity. Analogous mechanisms may underlie the pathophysiology of human absence epilepsy.
IL-4 Promotes Airway Eosinophilia by Suppressing IFN-γ Production: Defining a Novel Role for IFN-γ in the Regulation of Allergic Airway Inflammation (2001)

Airway eosinophilia in asthma is dependent on cytokines secreted by Th2 cells, including IL-5 and IL-4. In these studies we investigated why the absence of IL-4 led to a reduction in airway, but not lung tissue, eosinophils. Using adoptively transferred, in vitro-generated TCR-transgenic Th2 cells deficient in IL-4, we show that this effect is independent of IL-5 and Th2 cell generation. Airway eosinophilia was no longer inhibited when IL-4(-/-) Th2 cells were transferred into IFN-gammaR(-/-) mice, indicating that IFN-gamma was responsible for reducing airway eosinophils in the absence of IL-4. Intranasal administration of IFN-gamma to mice after IL-4(+/+) Th2 cell transfer also caused a reduction in airway, but not lung parenchymal, eosinophils. These studies show that IL-4 indirectly promotes airway eosinophilia by suppressing the production of IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma reduces airway eosinophils by engaging its receptor on hemopoietic cells, possibly the eosinophil itself. These studies capitalize on the complex counterregulatory effects of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in vivo and clarify how IL-4 influences lung eosinophilia. We define a new regulatory role for IFN-gamma, demonstrating that eosinophilic inflammation is differentially regulated at distinct sites within the respiratory tract.
Encoding Sentences with Graph Convolutional Networks for Semantic Role Labeling (2017)

Semantic role labeling (SRL) is the task of identifying the predicate-argument structure of a sentence. It is typically regarded as an important step in the standard NLP pipeline. As the semantic representations are closely related to syntactic ones, we exploit syntactic information in our model. We propose a version of graph convolutional networks (GCNs), a recent class of neural networks operating on graphs, suited to model syntactic dependency graphs. GCNs over syntactic dependency trees are used as sentence encoders, producing latent feature representations of words in a sentence. We observe that GCN layers are complementary to LSTM ones: when we stack both GCN and LSTM layers, we obtain a substantial improvement over an already state-of-theart LSTM SRL model, resulting in the best reported scores on the standard benchmark (CoNLL-2009) both for Chinese and English.
Interactions between Vitamin E Homologues and Ascorbate Free Radicals in Murine Skin Homogenates Irradiated with Ultraviolet Light (1997)

The mechanism of oxidation of ascorbic acid in mouse skin homogenates by UV light was investigated by measuring ascorbate free radical formation using electron spin resonance signal formation. Addition of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol or alpha-tocotrienol) had no effect, whereas short-chain homologues (2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-6-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic acid [Trolox] and 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-hydroxychromane [PMC]) accelerated ascorbate oxidation. The similar hydrophilicity of ascorbate, Trolox and PMC increased their interaction, thus rapidly depleting ascorbate. When dihydrolipoic acid was added simultaneously with the vitamin E homologues, the accelerated ascorbate oxidation was prevented. This was due to the regeneration of ascorbate and PMC from their free radicals by a recycling mechanism between ascorbate, vitamin E homologues and dihydrolipoic acid. Potentiation of antioxidant recycling may be protective against UV irradiation-induced damage. The rate of ascorbate oxidation in the presence of vitamin E homologues was enhanced by a photosensitizer (riboflavin) but was not influenced by reactive oxygen radical quenchers, superoxide dismutase or 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide. These experimental results suggest that the UV irradiation-induced ascorbate oxidation in murine skin homogenates is caused by photoactivated reactions rather than reactive oxygen radical reactions.