gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron and energy transfer mechanisms to switch the luminescence of semiconductor quantum dots (2008)

Chemosensors, able to signal the presence of target analytes with luminescence enhancements, can be designed around electron and energy transfer processes. Specifically, the association of a target analyte with a complementary receptor can be transduced into a significant change in the emission intensity of an organic fluorophore on the basis of these processes. The photophysical properties of semiconductor quantum dots, however, are significantly more attractive than those of organic dyes. As a result, the identification of strategies to adapt similar transduction mechanisms to quantum dots can lead to the emergence of luminescent chemosensors with improved performances. In this context, we developed two strategies based on electron and/or energy transfer to probe pH and signal receptor–substrate complementarities with luminescent quantum dots. In particular, we coated preformed CdSe–ZnS core–shell quantum dots with pH-sensitive [1,3]oxazines, in one instance, and 4,4′-bipyridinium dications, in the other. Both species exchange electrons and/or energy with the nanoparticles upon excitation, and hence quench their emission. However, their absorption wavelengths, redox potentials and distance from the nanoparticles can be designed to vary in response to pH changes or the presence of complementary receptors. These modifications alter the quenching ability of the organic ligands and culminate into significant enhancements in the luminescence of the inorganic nanoparticles. Thus, our transduction mechanisms can successfully be exploited to signal the presence of target analytes with luminescence changes, and can ultimately lead to the development of innovative luminescent chemosensors based on the unique photophysical properties of semiconductor quantum dots.
A fluorescent sphingolipid binding domain peptide probe interacts with sphingolipids and cholesterol-dependent raft domains (2008)

We have designed a tagged probe [sphingolipid binding domain (SBD)] to facilitate the tracking of intracellular movements of sphingolipids in living neuronal cells. SBD is a small peptide consisting of the SBD of the amyloid precursor protein. It can be conjugated to a fluorophore of choice and exogenously applied to cells, thus allowing for in vivo imaging. Here, we present evidence to describe the characteristics of the SBD association with the plasma membrane. Our experiments demonstrate that SBD binds to isolated raft fractions from human neuroblastomas and insect neuronal cells. In protein-lipid overlay experiments, SBD interacts with a subset of glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelin, consistent with its raft association in neurons. We also provide evidence that SBD is taken up by neuronal cells in a cholesterol- and sphingolipid-dependent manner via detergent-resistant microdomains. Furthermore, using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to assay the mobility of SBD in live cells, we show that SBD's behavior at the plasma membrane is similar to that of the previously described raft marker cholera toxin B, displaying both a fast and a slow component. Our data suggest that fluorescently tagged SBD can be used to investigate the dynamic nature of glycosphingolipid-rich detergent-resistant microdomains that are cholesterol-dependent.
Transport Phenomena in Two-Phase Micro-Channel Heat Sinks (2002)

The design and reliable operation of a two-phase micro-channel heat sink require a fundamental understanding of the complex transport phenomena associated with convective boiling in small, parallel coolant passages. This understanding is the primary goal of this paper. This goal is realized by exploring the following aspects of boiling in micro-channels: hydrodynamic instability, two-phase flow patterns, pressure drop, and convective boiling heat transfer. High-speed photographic methods were used to determine dominant flow patterns and explore as well as characterize hydrodynamic instabilities. Two types of dynamic instability were identified, a severe pressure drop oscillation and a mild parallel channel instability, and a simple method is recommended to completely suppress the former. Predictions of three popular two-phase pressure drop models and correlations were compared to micro-channel water data, and only a separated flow (Lockhart-Martinelli) correlation based on the assumption of laminar flow in both phases gave acceptable predictions. Several popular heat transfer correlations were also examined and deemed unsuitable for micro-channel heat sinks because all these correlations are based on turbulent flow assumptions, and do not capture the unique features of micro-channel flow such as abrupt transition to slug flow, hydrodynamic instability, and high droplet entrainment in the annular regime. These findings point to the need for further study of boiling behavior and new predictive tools specifically tailored to micro-channel heat sinks.
Synthesis of Out‐of‐Substrate Au–Ag Nanoplates with Enhanced Stability for Catalysis (2009)

Gold plated: Gold–silver alloy nanoplates (see image) with out-of-substrate orientation are synthesized on large-area supports by growth of silver nanoplates on gallium arsenide wafers followed by an overgrowth and alloying process. The surfaces of the nanoplates are highly exposed to the surrounding environment, thus increasing their catalytic efficiency. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Advanced Television System Considerations for Compression (1998)

Many picture and signal format issues have been argued in isolation. However, in reality the quality of delivered images will be determined by the interaction of these format and processing issues throughout the entire production and delivery chain. Of particular concern is the way that compression reacts to signal and picture formats. Compression of the final image using a squeeze of two orders of magnitude forms the critical bottleneck in the delivery chain. It is this bottleneck that primarily determines potential delivered quality. — Display and channel noise considerations may initially limit or affect delivered quality. However, displays and picture delivery are likely to eventually improve to the point where compression quality determines the appearance of the end result. — Compression is a set of processes for coding an image. These processes seek to discard data without undue damage to picture quality. Each process is affected by different issues, yet all of the processes react together to create the final result. In addition, other processes in the production chain prior to compression will interact with the compression processes. — The author and his company have been very active in exploring layered compression based upon MPEG-2. For many high resolution formats, a layered compression system will outperform a non-layered system. Further, layered compression has the advantage of substantially reducing the cost of decoders for the more affordable class of displays. — Although there is vigorous debate about television formats and signal practices, there is a strong desire to prepare and distribute high quality pictures. This paper attempts to identify the practices which lead to high quality pictures, as well as to identify those practices which hinder picture quality. The discussion further attempts to describe a way of conceiving digital video systems which leads to flexibility, as well as discussing those practices which limit and restrict the use of the advanced television video signals. The author has long been an advocate of interoperability and flexibility. We will take a fresh look at high definition video signals and practices from this perspective.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF STEROIDAL (16α,17‐B)(1,4)DIOXANES (1978)

Abstract Die aus entsprechendem Diol erhaltene Borverbindung (I) wird mit den ungesättigten Diazoverbindungen (II) zu den Ether‐alkoholen (III) gespalten.
An α <sub>2C</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism Alters the Norepinephrine-Lowering Effects and Therapeutic Response of the β-Blocker Bucindolol in Chronic Heart Failure (2009)

In the beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial AR polymorphism substudy, the norepinephrine lowering and clinical therapeutic responses to bucindolol were strongly influenced by alpha(2C) receptor genotype.
Adaptive Multichannel Dereverberation for Automatic Speech Recognition (2017)

Utilizing an adaptive multichannel technique to mitigate reverberation present in received audio signals, prior to providing corresponding audio data to one or more additional component(s), such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) components. Implementations disclosed herein are “adaptive”, in that they utilize a filter, in the reverberation mitigation, that is online, causal and varies depending on characteristics of the input. Implementations disclosed herein are “multichannel”, in that a corresponding audio signal is received from each of multiple audio transducers (also referred to herein as “microphones”) of a client device, and the multiple audio signals (e.g., frequency domain representations thereof) are utilized in updating of the filter—and dereverberation occurs for audio data corresponding to each of the audio signals (e.g., frequency domain representations thereof) prior to the audio data being provided to ASR component(s) and/or other component(s).
An Improved SCFlip Decoder for Polar Codes (2017)

This paper focuses on the recently introduced Successive Cancellation Flip (SCFlip) decoder of polar codes. Our contribution is twofold. First, we propose the use of an optimized metric to determine the flipping positions within the SCFlip decoder, which improves its ability to find the first error that occurred during the initial SC decoding attempt. We also show that the proposed metric allows closely approaching the performance of an ideal SCFlip decoder. Second, we introduce a generalisation of the SCFlip decoder to a number of $ω$ nested flips, denoted by SCFlip-$ω$, using a similar optimized metric to determine the positions of the nested flips. We show that the SCFlip-2 decoder yields significant gains in terms of decoding performance and competes with the performance of the CRC-aided SC-List decoder with list size L=4, while having an average decoding complexity similar to that of the standard SC decoding, at medium to high signal to noise ratio.
An empirical study of passive 802.11 Device Fingerprinting (2014)

802.11 device fingerprinting is the action of characterizing a target device through its wireless traffic. This results in a signature that may be used for identification, network monitoring or intrusion detection. The fingerprinting method can be active by sending traffic to the target device, or passive by just observing the traffic sent by the target device. Many passive fingerprinting methods rely on the observation of one particular network feature, such as the rate switching behavior or the transmission pattern of probe requests. In this work, we evaluate a set of global wireless network parameters with respect to their ability to identify 802.11 devices. We restrict ourselves to parameters that can be observed passively using a standard wireless card. We evaluate these parameters for two different tests: i) the identification test that returns one single result being the closest match for the target device, and ii) the similarity test that returns a set of devices that are close to the target devices. We find that the network parameters transmission time and frame inter-arrival time perform best in comparison to the other network parameters considered. Finally, we focus on inter-arrival times, the most promising parameter for device identification, and show its dependency from several device characteristics such as the wireless card and driver but also running applications.
Separation of Isobaric Compounds Using a Spiral Orbit Type Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer, MALDI-SpiralTOF (2014)

The development of a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer that utilizes spiral ion trajectory, SpiralTOF, is reported. The total flight path length was 17 m, which is five times longer than that in commonly used reflectron ion optical system. The SpiralTOF reduced the dependence of the mass resolving power on the mass of the analyte, while improving the accuracy of the mass measurements. Furthermore, SpiralTOF has two advantages that can be exploited for the separation of minor abundant isobaric components in mass spectra. One is the reduction in chemical background due to the post source decay (PSD), which is achieved through PSD ion elimination by electrostatic sectors contained within the SpiralTOF. The other is that the stabilities of peak positions are improved during mass spectrum accumulation. The peak drift caused by the fine structure of matrix crystals and the small irregularities on the sample surface can be reduced by extending the flight path. In this study, these advantages are demonstrated via the analysis of a block copolymer and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of lipids.
Increasing buffer-locality for multiple index based scans through intelligent placement and index scan speed control (2007)

Decision support systems are characterized by large concurrent scan operations. A significant percentage of these scans are executed as index based scans of the data. This is especially true when the data is physically clustered on the index columns using the various clustering schemes employed by database engines. Common database management systems have only limited ability to reuse buffer content across multiple running queries due to their treatment of queries in isolation. Previous attempts to coordinate scans for better buffer reuse were limited to table scans only. Attempts for index based scan sharing were non existent or were less than satisfactory due to drifting between scans. In this paper, we describe a mechanism to keep scans using the same index closer together on scan position during scanning. This is achieved via intelligent placement of index scans at scan start time based on their scan ranges and speeds. This is then augmented by adaptive throttling of scan speeds based on the index scans &apos; runtime behavior during scan execution. We discuss the challenges in doing it for index scans in comparison to the more common table scan sharing. We show that this can be done with minimal changes to an existing database management system as demonstrated in our DB2 UDB prototype. Our experiments show significant gains in end-to-end response times and disk I/O for TPC-H workloads. 1.
EUV multilayer mirrors with tailored spectral reflectivity (2002)

EUV multilayer mirrors with as well an increased as a reduced bandwidth in their spectral and angular reflectance have been designed and deposited with a commercial magnetron sputtering system. Concerning the broadband mirrors, a non-periodic multilayer design based on the thickness optimization of each layer by a stochastic method is compared to a design that consists of 3 different stacks. In addition, narrowband multilayer mirrors with a significantly reduced bandwidth based on high order reflection have been designed and fabricated. The EUV reflection of the samples was investigated with synchrotron radiation at the reflectometer of the PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt) at BESSY II in Berlin. A reflectivity of more than 15% was reached in the whole wavelength range from 13 nm to 15 nm and a reflectivity of more than 30% was obtained for incidence angles from 0° to 20° with both designs. Both the increase and the reduction of the reflection bandwidth are unavoidably connected with a decrease of peak reflectivity. Therefore, the application of such mirrors involves areas where a maximum peak reflectivity is not required, e.g. in EUV spectroscopy and for the metrology for EUV sources. Furthermore, the use of such mirrors in combination with a broadband plasma source will result in a higher integral reflectivity.
Comparison of the simulated performance of two divider controllers in a fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a piecewise-linear charge-pump nonlinearity (2016)

Reducing and ultimately eliminating nonlinearity-induced spurious tones (spurs) is a key motivation for the design of novel divider controllers for fractional-N frequency synthesizers. Two types of nonlinearities have historically been considered in this context: polynomial and piecewise-linear (PWL). Successive requantizers (SQs) have been designed for spur immunity in the presence of polynomial nonlinearities but it has been shown that SQs produce spurious tones in the phase noise spectrum in the presence of a PWL nonlinearity. Recently a new type of modified second order SQ has been introduced which tries also to minimize spurious tone production in the PWL case. In this paper, the simulated performance of a fractional-N frequency synthesizer incorporating the new divider controller is compared with that of one which uses a novel dithered MASH 1-1 structure. Our novel divider controller matches the performance of the modified higher-order SQ, but with less hardware.
Thermodynamics of information technology data centers (2009)

Information technology (IT) data centers consume a significant amount of energy, and the rate of increase of this energy consumption is growing faster than consumption in several other major industries. Thus, government regulatory agencies, academicians, and various industries have a heightened interest in IT data centers. Because almost all the electrical energy consumed in a data center is released in the form of heat, the energy required for cooling the data center contributes to a major fraction of the total data center energy consumption and is the focus of this study. Traditional data center facilities utilize vapor-compression refrigeration chiller plants, heat exchanger-based room air conditioners, pumps, and evaporative cooling towers. In servers, air cooling via heat sinks and fans is used for heat extraction and heat rejection into the room. Holistic thermodynamic models are developed using system and component physics to facilitate the prediction of the energy consumption and heat-transfer phenomenon in a data center. These models help technologists understand the distribution of energy consumption for cooling purposes among various components of a facility. Finally, we provide a summary of the emerging trends in data center thermodynamics.
Bovine Anti- Helicobacter pylori Antibodies for Oral Immunotherapy (2002)

Bovine colostral antibodies against H. pylori can be generated in high titres, inhibit binding in vitro and can eradicate or reduce the number of bacteria in infected mice.
Widely-tunable vortex output from a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (2015)

We demonstrated a widely tunable 1-μm optical vortex laser formed from a 0.532-μm optical vortex pumpedoptical parametric oscillator with a singly-resonant cavity configuration employing cascaded non-critical phase-matching LiB₃O₅ crystals. With this system, the topological charge of the pump beam can be selectively transferred to the signal or idler output, and a vortex output in the wavelength range of 850-990 nmor 1130-1300 nm could be obtained.A maximum signal vortex output energy of 0.9 mJ was achieved, corresponding to an optical efficiency of 10%.
Plasma- and Cerebrospinal Fluid-Immunoreactive Endothelin-1: Effects of Nonpeptide Endothelin Receptor Antagonists with Diverse Affinity Profiles for Endothelin-A and Endothelin-B Receptors (1998)

Some endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists have been reported to elevate plasma immunoreactive endothelin-1 (irET-1). However, there is no information regarding the effects of ET receptor antagonists on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels. To better understand the regulation of circulating and CSF ET-1, the effects of several nonpeptide antagonists with high, intermediate, or low affinity at the ETB receptor, as well as the potent ETB selective agonist sarafotoxin 6c (S6c), were characterized and compared. The effects of SB209670 (Ki ETA = 0.2 nM; Ki ETB = 12 nM), SB217242 (Ki ETA = 1.1 nM; Ki ETB = 111 nM), SB234551 (Ki ETA = 0.1 nM; Ki ETB = 500 nM), SB247083 (Ki ETA = 0.4 nM; Ki ETB = 467 nM), and S6c (Ki ETA = 950 nM; Ki ETB = 1 nM) on plasma irET-1 were determined by ELISA in the anesthetized dog after i.v. administration. Systemic administration of equivalent doses of the nonpeptide ET receptor antagonists produced dose-related elevations in plasma irET-1 which were correlated (p = 0.019) with affinity at the ETB receptor. There was no significant correlation with affinity at the ETA receptor. In addition, the plasma irET-1 and ET antagonist concentrations were linearly correlated (r = 0.98) throughout the time course after antagonist administration. There was no evidence of densensitization after three bolus administrations performed at 2-h intervals (SB209670, 1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.). Elevations in plasma irET-1 (four- to fivefold) were also observed after systemic administration of S6c (1 nmol/kg i.v.). The administration of L-NAME (200 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, increased blood pressure (33%) but did not alter plasma irET-1. In contrast, systemic administration of the ET receptor antagonists had little or no effect on the on irET-1 in the CSF. However, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of SB209670 produced a dose-related (3-100 micrograms) increase in cisternal CSF levels of irET-1 without altering plasma irET-1. Systemic administration of ETB receptor antagonists and agonists rapidly increased plasma irET-1. These ETB receptor antagonist effects correlate linearly with affinity at the cloned human ETB receptor, do not exhibit desensitization, and do not appear to reflect inhibition of ETB-mediated NO production. The endothelial ETB receptor may represent a high-capacity storage/clearance site for circulating ET-1. ET receptor antagonists may also act extravascularly/abluminally to increase irET-1 in the CNS.
Fingertip sized external cavity quantum cascade laser based on MEMS grating (2022)

The extremely compact external cavity quantum cascade laser was realized with the MEMS grating. MEMS gratings with various resonant frequencies enabled two types of tunable and swept modes. The characteristics is shown, and we provide spectroscopy demonstration data.
Synovial incorporation of polyacrylamide hydrogel after injection into normal and osteoarthritic animal joints (2016)

Intra-articular injection of PAAG results in a stable, long-lasting sub-synovial layer of gel traversed with thin strands of connective tissue. Further studies to explore potential effects on synovial inflammation and pain are warranted.
Single-shot compressed ultrafast photography: a review (2020)

Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) is a burgeoning single-shot computational imaging technique that provides an imaging speed as high as 10 trillion frames per second and a sequence depth of up to a few hundred frames. This technique synergizes compressed sensing and the streak camera technique to capture nonrepeatable ultrafast transient events with a single shot. With recent unprecedented technical developments and extensions of this methodology, it has been widely used in ultrafast optical imaging and metrology, ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy, and information security protection. We review the basic principles of CUP, its recent advances in data acquisition and image reconstruction, its fusions with other modalities, and its unique applications in multiple research fields.