gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pervaporation of organic compounds from aqueous mixtures using polydimethylsiloxane‐containing block copolymer membranes (2015)

Pervaporation of aqueous mixtures of ethanol, acetone, butanol, isobutanol, and furfural through polystyrene‐b‐polydimethylsiloxane‐b‐polystyrene (SDS) triblock copolymer membranes is reported. These mixtures are important for biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Feedstock depolymerization results in the formation of furfural which must be removed before fermentation. Ethanol, butanol, isobutanol, and acetone are important fermentation biofuels. The membrane selectivity of SDS is about unity over a wide range of concentrations of aqueous ethanol mixtures, similar to the membrane selectivity of crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The permeabilities of butanol, isobutanol, and furfural are larger than those of ethanol and acetone. The volatile organic compound permeability through SDS is similar to or higher than that through PDMS across a broad range of temperatures and feed concentrations is found. More selective and permeable membranes are needed to lower the cost of biofuel purification. The SDS membranes developed are but one step toward improved membranes. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 2789–2794, 2015
Lamb-Wave-Type High Frequency Resonator (2003)

In this study, we examined Lamb wave propagation on an AT cut quartz substrate; we carried out theoretical analyses and fundamental experiments using Lamb waves. Consequently, we validated that it is operable at an approximately seven times higher frequency than that of a conventional AT cut vibrator and that it also uses an approximately two times higher frequency than that of a surface acoustic wave resonator on the same substrate, assuming that they are of the same shape. Next, we applied a resonator utilizing Lamb waves, and we measure the resonance characteristics and the reflection coefficient. Results proved that the resonance characteristics were enhanced by thickening the Al film in the reflector fabricated on the substrate surface and that the reflection coefficient per reflector is considerably large in comparison with that in the case of surface acoustic waves.
An integrated microfluidic system for identification of live mycobacterium tuberculosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (2018)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection poses a huge challenge worldwide. It is challenging for rapid identification of TB due to its low growth rate, and therefore it could be widely spread. For this reason, a novel combination of propidium monoazide (PMA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was reported in this work for fast detection of live TB. Experimental results showed that the PMA-RT-PCR protocol can detect live TB with a detection limit as low as 14 colony formation units (CFU)/reaction by measuring the threshold cycle number (Ct value) in a calibration curve. Furthermore, PMA could be used successfully to distinguish dead TB such that no PCR products could be generated. More importantly, all the procedure could be finished within 2 hours. This is the first time that an integrated microfluidic system was demonstrated to use molecular diagnostics for fast detection of TB and could be potentially used for prognosis monitoring of TB treatment.
Complex-coupled quantum cascade distributed-feedback laser (1997)

Quantum-cascade distributed-feedback lasers (QCDFB) with a grating close to the active region are reported. Feedback is provided by the grating in a refractive index-dominated coupling scheme. Reliable single-mode emission at /spl lambda//sub cm//spl ap/5.4 μm with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) /spl ap/30 dB is observed. The laser is continuously tunable over 40 nm with a coefficient of /spl Delta//spl lambda///spl Delta/T/spl ap/0.37 nm/K in the temperature range from 200 K to 300 K. Comparison with Fabry-Perot QC lasers shows an overall improved performance of QC-DFB lasers.
Dynamic resource allocation for network echo cancellation (2002)

Network echo canceler chips are designed to handle several channels simultaneously. With the processing speeds now available, a single chip might handle several hundred channels. In current implementations, however, the adaptation algorithm is designed for a single channel, and the computations are replicated N/sub c/ times, where N/sub c/ is the number of channels. With such an implementation, the computational requirement is N/sub c/ times the peak load for a single channel. The number of computations required in each channel, however, varies widely over time. Therefore, a considerable reduction in computational load can be achieved by designing the system for the average load plus a margin to account for load variations. The reduction in complexity is achieved by exploiting three features: (a) the inherent pauses in conversations; (b) the sparseness of network echo paths; and (c) the fact that an adaptive filter does not need to be updated when the error signal is small. It is shown that, in principle, such a design can reduce the computational load by a very large factor - perhaps as large as thirty. It remains to be seen whether a customized hardware architecture can be implemented to take advantage fully of the proposed algorithm.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-based microphysiological tissue models of myocardium and liver for drug development (2013)

Drug discovery and development to date has relied on animal models, which are useful but are often expensive, slow, and fail to mimic human physiology. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of drug screening using human and disease-specific organ-like cultures in a dish. Although classical static culture systems are useful for initial screening and toxicity testing, they lack the organization of differentiated iPS cells into microphysiological, organ-like structures deemed necessary for high-content analysis of candidate drugs. One promising approach to produce these organ-like structures is the use of advanced microfluidic systems, which can simulate tissue structure and function at a micron level, and can provide high-throughput testing of different compounds for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Here, we provide a brief outline on the different approaches, which have been used to engineer in vitro tissue constructs of iPS cell-based myocardium and liver functions on chip. Combining these techniques with iPS cell biology has the potential of reducing the dependence on animal studies for drug toxicity and efficacy screening.
Alternate dopants for silicate wave-guides (1982)

At present silicate glasses used in low-loss optical waveguides fabricated by the oxidation of chlorides have typically relied upon dopants of germanium or phosphorous to raise the refractive index. Germanium has provided the primary dopant suitable for both single-mode and multimode fiber. However, the long term availability and cost of the material are in question. Furthermore, GeO2 doping is frequently accompanied by two refractive-index profile disturbances, a deposit layer structure occurring due to unfavorable equilibria between GeCI4 and Ge02, and a high-temperature burn-off of GeO.1 These disturbances may limit the ultimate bandwidths achievable.2 Beyond this, the lack of dopants to choose from also restricts fiber design for zero chromatic dispersion wavelengths.
Laser Plasma Production Of Amorphic Diamond Films (1990)

Reported here is the use of a unique laser plasma source able to deposit thin films of amorphic diamond at practical rates of growth. The beam from a pulsed Nd:Yag Laser is focused at very high power densities of 1012 W/cm2 onto graphite feedstock in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. The resulting plasma ejects carbon ions able to migrate to the plane of deposition. In this way diamond-like coatings have been applied to silicon, gold, germanium, glass, copper, InAs, and plastic. On these substrates electrical resistivity is high and the materials seem to fall into the same class of "dehydrogenated" materials as are traditionally produced by the ion beam methods. However, growth rates are much higher with this laser plasma source, routinely reaching 0.5 μm/hr. No seeding or heating of the substrate is needed and substrate temperatures seem to remain at ambient room values during processing.
A Structure Exploiting Branch-and-Bound Algorithm for Mixed-Integer Model Predictive Control (2019)

Mixed-integer model predictive control (MI-MPC) requires the solution of a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP) at each sampling instant under strict timing constraints, where part of the state and control variables can only assume a discrete set of values. Several applications in automotive, aerospace and hybrid systems are practical examples of how such discrete-valued variables arise. We utilize the sequential nature and the problem structure of MI-MPC in order to provide a branch-and-bound algorithm that can exploit not only the block-sparse optimal control structure of the problem but that can also be warm started by propagating information from branch-and-bound trees and solution paths at previous time steps. We illustrate the computational performance of the proposed algorithm and compare against current state-of-the-art solvers for a standard hybrid MPC case study, based on a preliminary implementation in Matlab and C code.
Shear Thickening Electrolytes for High Impact Resistant Batteries (2017)

We demonstrate a shear thickening electrolyte that stiffens into a solid-like barrier during a high energy event, like a car crash. This barrier prevents the electrodes from shorting during an impact, reducing the risk of fire or catastrophic safety events. In addition, we have demonstrated the ability to cycle NMC/graphite lithium ion cells over 200 cycles with no loss of capacity after formation. This chemistry introduces multifunctionality to a material previously feared due to its flammability.
Effect of Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Survival Without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants (2017)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00931632.
Integration of microfabricated needle-type glucose sensor devices with a novel thin-film Ag/AgCl electrode and plasma-polymerized thin film: mass production techniques (2001)

We developed an integrated array of needle-type biosensors employing a novel process of fabrication, comprising conventional semiconductor fabrication and micromachining technology. Amperometric sensing electrodes with plasma-polymerized films and a thin-film Ag/AgCl reference electrode were directly integrated on a glass substrate with thin-film process, e.g., sputtering. An enzyme was immobilized on the electrode via the plasma-polymerized film, which was deposited directly on the substrate using a dry process. The novel thin-film Ag/AgCl reference electrode showed stable potentials in concentrated chloride solutions for a long period. The plasma-polymerized film is considered to play an important role as an interfacial design between the sensing electrode and the immobilized enzyme considering that the film is extremely thin, adheres well to the substrate (electrode) and has a highly cross-linked network structure and functional groups, such as amino groups. The results showed increments of the sensor signal, probably because the plasma-polymerized film allowed a large amount of enzyme to be immobilized. The greatest advantage is that the process can permit the mass production of high-quality biosensors at a low cost.
A Trojan-resistant system-on-chip bus architecture (2009)

Communications systems are increasingly reliant on system-on-chip (SoC) solutions. As the complexity and size of SoCs continues to grow, so does the risk of ¿Trojan¿ attacks, in which an integrated circuit (IC) design is surreptitiously and maliciously altered at some point during the design or manufacturing process. Despite the risks that such an attack entail, relatively little attention has been given in the literature to methods enabling detection of and response to run-time Trojan attacks. In the present paper, we present a Trojan-resistant system bus architecture suitable across a wide range of SoC bus systems. The system detects malicious bus behaviors associated Trojan hardware, protects the system and system bus from them and reports the malicious behaviors to the CPU. We show that use of this bus and associated embedded software is highly effective in reducing IC Trojan vulnerabilities without loss of bus performance.
3-D wireless charging system with flexible receiver coil alignment (2016)

A 3-D wireless charging system with spatial freedom of positioning is proposed in this paper. By independently adjusting the phase and the amplitude of the input signals, the blind spots within a cylindrical volume are eliminated. Moreover, the symmetric arrangement of the transmitting coils yields a uniform magnetic field around longitudinal axis. Experiments were conducted on a wearable device and a cell phone at 6.78 MHz. The system including a power amplifier and rectifiers achieved an overall power transfer efficiency of 39% for supporting two devices simultaneously.
Random Fill Cache Architecture (Preprint) (2014)

Abstract : Correctly functioning caches have been shown to leak critical secrets like encryption keys, through various types of cache side-channel attacks. This nullifies the security provided by strong encryption and allows confidentiality breaches, impersonation attacks and fake services. Hence, future cache designs must consider security, ideally without degrading performance and power efficiency. We introduce a new classification of cache side channel attacks: contention based attacks and reuse based attacks. Previous secure cache designs target only contention based attacks, and we show that they cannot defend against reuse based attacks. We show the surprising insight that the fundamental demand fetch policy of a cache is a security vulnerability that causes the success of reuse based attacks. We propose a novel random fill cache architecture that replaces demand fetch with random cache fill within a configurable neighborhood window. We show that our random fill cache does not degrade performance, and in fact, improves the performance for some types of applications. We also show that it provides information-theoretic security against reuse based attacks.
Client assisted location data acquisition scheme for secure enterprise wireless networks (2005)

Current wireless networks that are widely deployed for various commercial applications, do not keep track of a mobile user's location. However, location information can enhance security by facilitating tracking of misbehaving users, or though implementation of location based network access. Previous work done on location estimation typically involves methods that use a lookup table comprising the client or access point signal strengths, which are collected manually at short distances throughout the site. This paper proposes a new data collection scheme for building a lookup table using client assistance in an enterprise wireless environment. In this work, a network-bused location estimation scheme is implemented using sniffers, which monitor client signal strength. It is observed that the accuracy of location estimation is improved by averaging the lookup table data collected over time. The client assisted data collection scheme can be used to frequently build lookup tables in an efficient manner and hence improve accuracy in location estimation. Thus, this scheme could be used to implement a location based security policy throughout the enterprise wireless network.
Going beyond 10-meter, Gbit/s underwater optical wireless communication links based on visible lasers (2017)

Laser diode based visible light communication link with data rate of 2.2 Gbps over a 12-meter underwater channel is reported using non-return-to-zero on-off keying modulation scheme. The underwater optical wireless communication link beyond 10-meter can be achieved using visible lasers.
A System for Driver Identity Verification (2005)

Different security issues are a top subject around the world, especially since the terror threats seem to intensify. In the same time, the transport industry suffer from problems with smuggling and theft of valuable goods. One way to increase the security might be to have a verification system installed in commercial trucks, in order to assure that the driver is the proper one. This thesis has two purposes. One is to find appropriate methods for driver verification and build a prototype of a verification system which can be used for testing and further development. The other is to study how truck drivers perceive such a system and how their conception goes along with the growing demand for higher security. The present work is the result of a cooperation between an engineer and a cognitive scientist. The thesis focuses on the transport industry and was performed for Volvo Technology Corporation (VTEC), Gothenburg, Sweden. Eleven available verification methods were studied. To enable a well-based selection of methods to implement in the prototype, inquiries and interviews with truck drivers and haulage contractors were carried out to complement the theoretical study. One regular and three biometric verification methods were chosen for the test; fingerprint verification, face recognition, voice recognition and PIN verification. These methods were put together to a prototype system that was implemented in a truck simulator. A graphical user interface was developed in order to make the system user friendly. The prototype system was tested by 18 truck drivers. They were thoroughly interviewed before and after the test in order to retrieve their background, expectations and opinions as well as their perceptions and experiences of the test. Most of the test participants were positive to the prototype system. Even though they did not feel a need for it today they believed it to “be the future”. However, some participants felt uncomfortable with the system since they felt controlled by it. It became clear how important it is to have a system that respect the users’ privacy and to assure that the users are well informed about how the system is used. Some of the technology used for the verification system requires more development to fit in the automotive context, but it is considered to be possible to achieve a secure and robust system.
Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Interleukin-10 Homolog Inhibits Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Alters Their Functionality (2004)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppresses the maturation and cytokine production of dendritic cells (DCs), key regulators of adaptive immunity, and prevents the activation and polarization of naïve T cells towards protective gamma interferon-producing effectors. We hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes its viral IL-10 homolog (cmvIL-10) to attenuate DC functionality, thereby subverting the efficient induction of antiviral immune responses. RNA and protein analyses demonstrated that the cmvIL-10 gene was expressed with late gene kinetics. Treatment of immature DCs (iDCs) with supernatant from HCMV-infected cultures inhibited both the lipopolysaccharide-induced DC maturation and proinflammatory cytokine production. These inhibitory effects were specifically mediated through the IL-10 receptor and were not observed when DCs were treated with supernatant of cells infected with a cmvIL-10-knockout mutant. Incubation of iDCs with recombinant cmvIL-10 recapitulated the inhibition of maturation. Furthermore, cmvIL-10 had pronounced long-term effects on those DCs that could overcome this inhibition of maturation. It enhanced the migration of mature DCs (mDCs) towards the lymph node homing chemokine but greatly reduced their cytokine production. The inability of mDCs to secrete IL-12 was maintained, even when they were restimulated by the activated T-cell signal CD40 ligand in the absence of cmvIL-10. Importantly, cmvIL-10 potentiates these anti-inflammatory effects, at least partially, by inducing endogenous cellular IL-10 expression in DCs. Collectively, we show that cmvIL-10 causes long-term functional alterations at all stages of DC activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Preparation of Pyridyl‐Substituted Imidazothiazoles. (1989)

Abstract Cyclocondensation of the 2‐aminothiazoline (II) with the phenacyl halides (I) produces the imidazothiazolines (III) which are converted to the dihydropyridyl derivatives (VI) by coupling with pyridine (IV) in the presence of ethyl chloroformate (V).
A real-time applicator position monitoring system for gynecologic intracavitary brachytherapy (2013)

This work demonstrates the feasibility of a real-time infrared camera based gynecologic intracavitary brachytherapy applicator monitoring system. Less than 1 mm accuracy is achieved when using an off-the-shelf infrared camera.
Modeling the economic value of the location data of mobile users (2011)

The defining characteristic of wireless and mobile networking is user mobility, and related to it is the ability for the network to capture information on where users are located and how users change location over time. Information about location is becoming critical, and therefore valuable, for an increasingly larger number of location-based or location-aware services. One key open question, however, is how valuable exactly this information is. Our goal in this paper is to develop an analytic framework, namely models and the techniques to solve them, to help quantify the economics of location information. Our aim is to derive models which can be used as decision making tools for entities interested in or involved in the location data economics chain, such as mobile operators or providers of location aware services (mobile advertising, etc). We consider in particular the fundamental problem of quantifying the value of different granularities of location information, for example how much more valuable is it to know the GPS location of a mobile user compared to only knowing the access point, or the cell tower, that the user is associated with. We illustrate our approach by considering what is arguably the quintessential location-based service, namely proximity-based advertising. We make three main contributions. First, we develop several novel models, based on stochastic geometry, which capture the location-based economic activity of mobile users with diverse sets of preferences or interests. Second, we derive closed-form analytic solutions for the economic value generated by those users. Third, we augment the models to consider uncertainty about the users' location, and derive expressions for the economic value generated with different granularities of location information. To our knowledge, this paper is the first one to present and analyze this class of economic models.
Integrated analysis of homozygous deletions, focal amplifications, and sequence alterations in breast and colorectal cancers (2008)

We have performed a genome-wide analysis of copy number changes in breast and colorectal tumors using approaches that can reliably detect homozygous deletions and amplifications. We found that the number of genes altered by major copy number changes, deletion of all copies or amplification to at least 12 copies per cell, averaged 17 per tumor. We have integrated these data with previous mutation analyses of the Reference Sequence genes in these same tumor types and have identified genes and cellular pathways affected by both copy number changes and point alterations. Pathways enriched for genetic alterations included those controlling cell adhesion, intracellular signaling, DNA topological change, and cell cycle control. These analyses provide an integrated view of copy number and sequencing alterations on a genome-wide scale and identify genes and pathways that could prove useful for cancer diagnosis and therapy.