gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the Permeability Derivation from NMR Data for Reservoir Rocks with Complicated Pore Connectivity (2019)

Abstract The formation permeability is one of the most important Petrophysical information acquired by low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data. The absolute permeability of reservoir rocks can be accurately calculated by porosity measured by NMR if permeability is well correlated with porosity [1, 2]. This is true for the rocks with all pores are well connected, such as conventional sandstone reservoir. The correlation between permeability and porosity, however, does not always established well for carbonate reservoir rocks, which are known to have heterogeneous pore-to-pore connectivity. Thus, without accurate pore connectivity information, the permeability derived from NMR data for rocks with poor connection among pores is not quite accurate. The current study proposes a new method to measure an accurate pore-to-pore connectivity from the total volume of a fluid displacement through miscible single phase fluid mixing process. The pore connectivity factor is calculated from the fluid connectivity through different pore systems which can be derived by the volume comparison of NMR invisible D2O replacement with NMR visible H2O in each pore systems. Once the pore connectivity is measured, it is applied to the modified permeability model, such as modified free-fluid model (Timur-Coates model) [3], to calculate accurate permeability. Another benefit of the proposed method is the flexibility of D2O injection condition. Carbonate reservoir rocks with various degrees of connectivity have been studied in the current study. For the verification purpose, the permeabilities calculated by the proposed method have been compared to those measured by other conventional laboratory techniques. The proposed method can also be applied to NMR logging technique for accurate NMR driven permeability derivation which currently accepted as references for reservoirs with complicated connectivity, such as carbonates.
Multi-functional, tunable microfluidic optical fiber devices (2003)

By introducing microfluidic plugs into interior fiber microchannels, we have developed a new category of active, tunable optical fiber. The positions and optical properties of the fluidic plugs can be directly controlled by utilizing actuators and pumps located on the fiber surface, thereby allowing the propagation characteristics of certain optical fiber modes to be usefully adjusted. These hybrid microfluidic/silica waveguides preserve the advantages of conventional, passive optical fiber, while at the same time providing versatile tuning capabilities. Examples of variable narrow and broadband all-fiber filters are described here. These fluidic fiber devices have the potential to be important technologies for next generation optical networks.
Agrupación submuestreada operando en modo fractón utilizando antenas microstrip inspiradas en el fractal de Sierpinski (2003)

A high-directivity microstrip array using mul-
tilevel elements based on a fractal geometry is theoretically
compared with one using a circular patches. Within the
same electrical area, the same directivity can be obtained.
However, the number of elements for the fractal-based ar-
ray is 2.84 times less, reducing the complexity of the feeding
network and overall array
An Attack Pattern Framework for Monitoring Enterprise Information Systems (2016)

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) look for digital patterns mainly over the network or host traffic. Increasing complexity of todays enterprise information systems (EIS) obliges enterprises to deploy multiple but yet isolated IDSs in their IT boundaries, namely in, network (NIDS), host (HIDS), DMZs and application (appIDS). Modern exploits being able to disguise may appear innocent from an individual IDS perspective, however, its maliciousness could be detected from an end to end application perspective. One of the core problems in this regard is the inability of detecting such end to end targeted attacks whose functional scopes may stretch across IT boundaries. In this paper, we first argue that complex end to end intrusions can be detected in real time by analyzing application level logs originating from various IT boundaries (network, proxy, web server, OS, application etc.). We propose an attack pattern framework for EIS that enables an appIDS, such as SAP Enterprise Threat Detection (ETD) [1], to perform log analysis simultaneously from multiple sources. The framework includes a reference architecture and its prototypical implementation can be the core engine of an appIDS. It also provides an attack pattern specification language and associated methodology for managing attack pattern lifecycle and appropriate alert mitigation response.
Frequency distribution of the nanoparticle magnetization in the presence of a static as well as a harmonic magnetic field (2008)

We explore the properties of the signal from magnetic nanoparticles. The nanoparticle signal has been used to generate images in magnetic particle imaging (MPI). MPI promises to be one of the most sensitive methods of imaging small numbers magnetic nanoparticles and therefore shows promise for molecular imaging. The nanoparticle signal is generated with a pure sinusoidal magnetic field that repeatedly saturates the nanoparticles creating harmonics in the induced magnetization that are easily isolated from the driving field. Signal from a selected position is isolated using a static magnetic field to completely saturate all of the particles outside a voxel enabling an image to be formed voxel by voxel. The signal produced by the magnetization of the nanoparticles contains only odd harmonics. However, it is demonstrated experimentally that with the addition of a static magnetic field bias even harmonics are introduced which increase the total signal significantly. Further, the distribution of signal among the harmonics depends on the static bias field so that information might be used to localize the nanoparticle distribution. Finally, the field required to completely saturate nanoparticles can be quite large and theory predicts that the field required is determined by the smallest nanoparticles in the sample.
Simultaneous magnetic resonance phase and magnitude temperature maps in muscle (1996)

Noninvasive magnetic resonance temperature maps that are used to monitor thermal ablation of tissue are described. In magnetic resonance images, thermally induced proton nuclear magnetic resonance frequency shifts, and changes in the longitudinal relaxation time produce both phase and magnitude changes in the MR signal. Temperature maps with improved sensitivity are derived from the complex-difference nuclear magnetic resonance signal. Bovine muscle specimens were heated with focused ultrasound to model thermal surgery and create a known thermal distribution to test the method. Resulting MR images acquired in 2 s produce temperature maps with 1 min resolution and 2 degrees C temperature sensitivity. The temperature sensitivity was increased by extending the acquisition to 5 s, by decreasing the receiver bandwidth, and increasing the echo time.
29‐1: 100‐Hz Video Upconversion in Plasma Displays (2002)

Abstract Three main aspects of picture quality are motion arifacts, large area flicker and the number of (distingushable) grey levels. These are optimized by a new method that implements 100‐Hz video upconversion techniques in subfield shemes for PDP.
Monitoring and engineering protein-protein interactions in the bacterial periplasm (2009)

Protein-protein interactions are crucial to many cellular and industrial processes, including enzymatic pathways, molecule secretion, glycosylation, therapeutic production and function, and antibody function. Currently, many methods characterize protein interaction affinities in vitro and in vivo in the cytoplasm of various organisms, but to our knowledge, no such systems report folding and interaction of proteins in the periplasm. The periplasm of gram-negative bacteria offers an environment with different, beneficial characteristics for the production of heterologous (e.g. therapeutic) proteins. Thus, a means to easily and accurately detect and engineer protein interactions in the periplasm would be transformative for the development of novel antibodies and protein therapeutics. We have used a split beta-lactamase protein complementation assay to successfully report interactions of several known interacting domains in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Currently, we are using this technique to select for novel interactions in vivo from naive directed evolution libraries. This powerful methodology allows for a broad expansion of the protein engineer's toolbox for periplasmic expression and works towards a novel, efficient way to engineer new protein interactions in E. coli.
Hyperspectral image classification using Fisher criterion-based Gabor cube selection and multi-task joint sparse representation (2015)

Recently, Gabor wavelet transformation has been introduced for feature extraction of hyperspectral imagery. Due to the discriminative power of obtained Gabor features, high classification performance has been achieved. However, thousands of Gabor features cause too much burden for onboard computation, limiting the efficiency of the method. In fact, not all features have a positive effect on classification. In this paper, we have proposed a Gabor cube selection-based Multi-task Joint Sparse Representation framework, abbreviated as MT-SG, for hyperspectral imagery classification. Firstly, based on the Fisher discrimination criterion, the most representative Gabor cubes for each class have been picked out. Next, under multi-task joint sparse representation framework, a coefficient vector can be obtained for each test sample with the selected cube features, which can be applied for the following residual-based classification. Experimental results on real hyperspectral data have demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Brain MR Image Classification for Glioma Tumor detection using Deep Convolutional Neural Network Features (2020)

The proposed method for brain MR image classification to detect Glioma Tumor detection can be adopted as it gives better results with high accuracies.
Dilution and Mixing Algorithms for Flow-Based Microfluidic Biochips (2016)

Albeit sample preparation is well-studied for digital microfluidic biochips, very few prior work addressed this problem in the context of continuous-flow microfluidics from an algorithmic perspective. In the latter class of chips, microvalves and micropumps are used to manipulate on-chip fluid flow through microchannels in order to execute a biochemical protocol. Dilution of a sample fluid is a special case of sample preparation, where only two input reagents (commonly known as sample and buffer) are mixed in a desired volumetric ratio. In this paper, we propose a satisfiability-based dilution algorithm assuming the generalized mixing models supported by an N-segment, continuous-flow, rotary mixer. Given a target concentration and an error limit, the proposed algorithm first minimizes the number of mixing operations, and subsequently, reduces reagent-usage. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing dilution algorithms in terms of mixing steps (assay time) and waste production, and compares favorably with respect to reagent-usage (cost) when 4- and 8-segment rotary mixers are used. Next, we propose two variants of an algorithm for handling the open problem of k-reagent mixture-preparation (k ≥ 3) with an N-segment continuous-flow rotary mixer, and report experimental results to evaluate their performance. A software tool called flow-based sample preparation algorithm has also been developed that can be readily used for running the proposed algorithms.
Molten Salt Electrolytes in High Temperature Batteries (1990)

Abstract : This Paper describes the use of molten salt electrolytes in high temperature batteries, both single-use 'thermal' batteries and high temperature rechargeable batteries. The properties of the existing electrolytes are discussed and current research on new electrolytes is described.
Ultrasound Contrast Imaging Research (2003)

This article is a review of the research on ultrasound contrast agents in general imaging. While general imaging contrast agent applications are still undergoing investigation and waiting FDA approval in the United States, they are approved for clinical use in Europe and other countries. The contrast microbubble properties are described, including their nonlinear behavior and destruction properties. Imaging techniques like harmonic imaging, pulse inversion, power pulse inversion, agent detection imaging, microvascular imaging, and flash contrast imaging are explained. A connection is made between the aforementioned imaging techniques and the different contrast agents available. The blood flow appearance of different liver tumors in the presence of contrast agents is demonstrated with examples.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Deuterated Ligands Functionally Selective for the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor (GABA<sub>A</sub>R) α6 Subtype with Improved Metabolic Stability and Enhanced Bioavailability (2018)

Recent reports indicate that α6β2/3γ2 GABA<sub>A</sub>R selective ligands may be important for the treatment of trigeminal activation-related pain and neuropsychiatric disorders with sensori-motor gating deficits. Based on 3 functionally α6β2/3γ2 GABA<sub>A</sub>R selective pyrazoloquinolinones, 42 novel analogs were synthesized, and their in vitro metabolic stability and cytotoxicity as well as their in vivo pharmacokinetics, basic behavioral pharmacology, and effects on locomotion were investigated. Incorporation of deuterium into the methoxy substituents of the ligands increased their duration of action via improved metabolic stability and bioavailability, while their selectivity for the GABA<sub>A</sub>R α6 subtype was retained. 8b was identified as the lead compound with a substantially improved pharmacokinetic profile. The ligands allosterically modulated diazepam insensitive α6β2/3γ2 GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs and were functionally silent at diazepam sensitive α1β2/3γ2 GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs, thus no sedation was detected. In addition, these analogs were not cytotoxic, which render them interesting candidates for treatment of CNS disorders mediated by GABA<sub>A</sub>R α6β2/3γ2 subtypes.
Holography as a Tool in the Testing of Large Aperture Optics (1967)

This paper describes applications of holography to the testing of large optical surfaces. In one application a hologram of the wavefront from the mirror is made with a pulsed laser and then used in place of the mirror for Foucault knife-edge testing. This allows the mirror to be tested in its working environment. In the second application the hologram is made in the same manner, but is used in a common path interferometer where the reconstructed point image of the mirror is interfered against a point source to show the difference between the mirror surface and a reference sphere.
Nanomedicine approaches to improve cancer immunotherapy (2017)

Significant advances have been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy by orchestrating the body's immune system to eradicate cancer cells. However, safety and efficacy concerns stemming from the systemic delivery of immunomodulatory compounds limits cancer immunotherapies expansion and application. In this context, nanotechnology presents a number of advantages, such as targeted delivery to immune cells, enhanced clinical outcomes, and reduced adverse events, which may aid in the delivery of cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory agents. With this in mind, a diverse range of nanomaterials with different physicochemical characteristics have been developed to stimulate the immune system and battle cancer. In this review, we will focus on some recent developments and the potential advantages of utilizing nanotechnology within the field of cancer immunotherapy. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1456. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1456 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Influence of the substrate misorientation on the properties of N-polar GaN films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (2007)

Smooth, high quality N-polar GaN films were realized by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) through growth on misoriented (0001) sapphire substrates and the development of a high temperature nucleation process. Misorientation angles from 0.5° to 4° toward the a and the m plane of the sapphire substrate were investigated. Whereas GaN films grown on substrates with a misorientation angle of only 0.5° or 1° exhibited high densities of hexagonal surface features as commonly observed for N-polar GaN films grown by MOCVD, smooth GaN layers were obtained on sapphire substrates with misorientation angles of 2° or larger. In addition, the structural and optical properties of the GaN films significantly improved with increasing misorientation angle, as evaluated by high resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. The properties of GaN layers grown on (0001) sapphire with a misorientation of 4° were comparable to Ga-polar GaN films grown in the same reactor.
Effect of Pre-Strain on Bending Strain Capacity of Mechanically Lined Pipe (2020)

Abstract The high demand for subsea transportation of corrosive wellhead produced fluids has created interest in economical mechanically lined pipes (MLP) made of external carbon steel and a thin internal layer of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA). The bending strain capacity of an MLP, where a CRA liner is adhered to a carbon steel host pipe by means of an interference fit, is often governed by the liner wrinkling limit state. Although the strain capacity of the MLP with a typical 3 mm thick liner is enough to withstand bending to strains encountered during installation with the S-lay or J-lay method, the liner is at risk of wrinkling when the MLP is subjected to higher bending strains during reel-lay. To allow reeled installation, the liner strain capacity is enhanced by either increasing the liner thickness or pressurizing the MLP during installation. In the former approach, the required liner thickness is proportional to the pipe diameter. For larger diameter MLPs, it is therefore often more economical to select a 3 mm thick liner and flood and pressurize an MLP to ensure liner stability during reeling. However, the MLP may need to be depressurized and partially drained during installation to allow welding a structure, performing reel-to-reel connection or pipeline recovery which impose bending strain on a plastically pre-strained and depressurized pipeline. Furthermore, reeled pipelines may be depressurized subsea while subjected to bending loads from operation. Although there is a history of research into the limit loads and failure modes of MLPs, there is still no comprehensive guidance on determining the risk of liner wrinkling in plastically pre-strained MLPs. In this paper, an approach is proposed for evaluating the strain capacity and assessing the risk of liner wrinkling after an MLP, subjected to plastic bending during reeled installation at elevated pressure, is depressurized and subjected to installation loads during offshore intervention or operational loading in service. The combined effect of strain history at elevated pressure, reeling-induced ovality, bending direction after depressurization, differential pressure, temperature and residual strain is discussed. The recommendations for further work are also given.
A New Route to <i>meso</i>-Formyl Porphyrins (2004)

Prior syntheses of porphyrins bearing meso-formyl groups have generally employed the Vilsmeier formylation of an acid-resistant copper or nickel porphyrin. A new approach for the synthesis of free base porphyrins bearing one or two (cis or trans) meso-formyl substituents entails the use of a dipyrromethane bearing an acetal group at the 5-position, a dipyrromethane-1-carbinol bearing an acetal group at the 5-position or carbinol position, or a dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol bearing an acetal group at a carbinol position. Treatment of the resulting meso-acetal-substituted free base porphyrin to gentle acidic hydrolysis yields the corresponding meso-formyl porphyrin.
Smart Kitchen: A User Centric Cooking Support System (2008)

Several cooking support systems have been studied to give users in-structions based on the recipes step-by-step, using multi-media contents. These systems usually disturb users’ cooking process forcing them to pro-vide information to the system in or-der to give them beneficial informa-tion. In this sense, these systems are considered to be ”system centric”. We propose a system called ”Smart Kitchen ” considered to be in ”user centric”, in which a user can cook normally without being concerned about the system. Smart Kitchen can understand cooking processes, in other words, what the user is doing. In this paper, we discuss the design of the Smart Kitchen system and explain three essential modules of tracking food, recognizing food ma-terial, and recognizing cooking ac-tion.
Identification of RFID Tags in Framed-Slotted ALOHA with Tag Estimation and Binary Splitting (2006)

In far field RFID systems, tag collision resolution is significantly important for fast tag identification. In this paper, we propose an accurate tag estimation method and an effective tag anti-collision protocol. Performance evaluation that the proposed estimation and anti-collision algorithm consumes 10-15% less time slots than the binary tree protocol and DFSA. The proposed algorithm has the tolerance to inaccuracy of tag estimation.
Coupling the<i>Torpedo</i>Microplate-Receptor Binding Assay with Mass Spectrometry to Detect Cyclic Imine Neurotoxins (2012)

Cyclic imine neurotoxins constitute an emergent family of neurotoxins of dinoflagellate origin that are potent antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. We developed a target-directed functional method based on the mechanism of action of competitive agonists/antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors for the detection of marine cyclic imine neurotoxins. The key step for method development was the immobilization of Torpedo electrocyte membranes rich in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the surface of microplate wells and the use of biotinylated-α-bungarotoxin as tracer. Cyclic imine neurotoxins competitively inhibit biotinylated-α-bungarotoxin binding to Torpedo-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in a concentration-dependent manner. The microplate-receptor binding assay allowed rapid detection of nanomolar concentrations of cyclic imine neurotoxins directly in shellfish samples. Although highly sensitive and specific for the detection of neurotoxins targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as a class, the receptor binding assay cannot identify a given analyte. To address the low selectivity of the microplate-receptor binding assay, the cyclic imine neurotoxins tightly bound to the coated Torpedo nicotinic receptor were eluted with methanol, and the chemical nature of the eluted ligands was identified by mass spectrometry. The immobilization of Torpedo electrocyte membranes on the surface of microplate wells proved to be a high-throughput format for the survey of neurotoxins targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors directly in shellfish matrixes with high sensitivity and reproducibility.