gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of color error diffusion with vector error filters (2006)

As vector error filters are capable of passing errors generated in one color component to other color components, it provides more flexibility in shaping the halftone texture. As a result, it may potentially produce halftones with better image quality. In this paper, we analyze color error diffusion with vector error filters. In particular, we will discuss its halftone spectrum features and its stability conditions with respect to the filter coefficients. For spectrum analysis, we will derive the high-pass and average color preservation conditions, which ensure decent image quality. Since error diffusion is a feedback system, the vector error filters may cause instability, if it is not properly designed. This may potentially generate ever-increasing quantization error that masks the input and produces unacceptable output images. The stability conditions we will discuss provide guidelines for designing stable systems.
Differential neuroprotective effects of 14-3-3 proteins in models of Parkinson's disease (2010)

14-3-3 proteins are important negative regulators of cell death pathways. Recent studies have revealed alterations in 14-3-3s in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the ability of 14-3-3s to interact with alpha-synuclein (α-syn), a protein central to PD pathophysiology. In a transgenic α-syn mouse model, we found reduced expression of 14-3-3θ, ε, and γ. These same isoforms prevent α-syn inclusion formation in an H4 neuroglioma cell model. Using dopaminergic cell lines stably overexpressing each 14-3-3 isoform, we found that overexpression of 14-3-3θ, ε, or γ led to resistance to both rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), while other isoforms were not protective against both toxins. Inhibition of a single protective isoform, 14-3-3θ, by shRNA did not increase vulnerability to neurotoxic injury, but toxicity was enhanced by broad-based inhibition of 14-3-3 action with the peptide inhibitor difopein. Using a transgenic C. elegans model of PD, we confirmed the ability of both human 14-3-3θ and a C. elegans 14-3-3 homolog (ftt-2) to protect dopaminergic neurons from α-syn toxicity. Collectively, these data show a strong neuroprotective effect of enhanced 14-3-3 expression - particularly of the 14-3-3θ, ε, and γ isoforms - in multiple cellular and animal models of PD, and point to the potential value of these proteins in the development of neuroprotective therapies for human PD.
Nanoelectronics: Amorphous Boron Nitride: A Universal, Ultrathin Dielectric For 2D Nanoelectronics (Adv. Funct. Mater. 16/2016) (2016)

On page 2640, N. R. Glavin and co-workers demonstrate deposition of ultra-thin amorphous boron nitride films on a two-dimensional MoS2 transistor setup, via low-temperature pulsed laser deposition. Benefits of this universal process include large scale deposition areas, universal structure and chemistry on numerous prospective substrates, substrate temperatures below 200 °C, and exceptional dielectric performance for next generation nanoelectronic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2‐Pyridone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3): A Target for Heart Failure and Platelet Aggregation. (2013)

Abstract 26 Pyridone derivatives of type (IV) are prepared and tested as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3).
Data Switching in Communication Networks using Orbital-Angular-Momentum Multiplexing (2014)

We discuss data switching techniques in communication networks using orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) multiplexing. Reconfigurable functions such as optical add/drop multiplexing, data switching between OAM beams from different input ports, and polarization switching are described.
Statistical blockade: a novel method for very fast Monte Carlo simulation of rare circuit events, and its application (2007)

Circuit reliability under statistical process variation is an area of growing concern. For highly replicated circuits such as SRAMs and flip flops, a rare statistical event for one circuit may induce a not-so-rare system failure. Existing techniques perform poorly when tasked to generate both efficient sampling and sound statistics for these rare events. Statistical blockade is a novel Monte Carlo technique that allows us to efficiently filter - to block - unwanted samples insufficiently rare in the tail distributions we seek. The method synthesizes ideas from data mining and extreme value theory, and shows speed-ups of 10times - 100times over standard Monte Carlo
In‐Season Prediction of Potential Grain Yield in Winter Wheat Using Canopy Reflectance (2001)

Nitrogen fertilization rates in cereal production systems are generally determined by subtracting soil test N from a specified N requirement based on the grain yield goal, which represents the best achievable grain yield in the last 4 to 5 yr. If grain yield could be predicted in season, topdress N rates could be adjusted based on projected N removal. Our study was conducted to determine if the potential grain yield of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) could be predicted using in‐season spectral measurements collected between January and March. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was determined from reflectance measurements under daytime lighting in the red and near‐infrared (NIR) regions of the spectra. In‐season estimated yield (EY) was computed using the sum of two postdormancy NDVI measurements (Jan. and Mar.) divided by the cumulative growing degree days (GDD) from the first to second reading. A significant relationship between grain yield and EY was observed when combining all nine locations across a 2‐yr period. Our estimates of potential grain yield (made in early Mar.) differed from measured grain yield (mid‐July) at three sites where yield‐altering factors (e.g., late summer rains delayed harvest and increased grain yield loss due to lodging and shattering) were encountered after the final sensing. Evaluating data from six of the nine locations across a 2‐yr period, EY values explained 83% of the variability in measured grain yield. Use of EY may assist in refining in‐season application of fertilizer N based on predicted potential grain yield.
Properties and Applications of an Alternative Aminopolycarboxylic Acid for Acidizing of Sandstones and Carbonates (2013)

Abstract Significant advances in acidizing chemistry have led to the introduction of sequestering agents, such as hydroxypolycarboxylic acids, followed by chelating agents, to mitigate precipitation reactions. The initiative to obtain fluids with an improved environmental footprint has led to the redesign of treatment fluids to possess distinct advantages, such as stability at higher temperature, broader pH activity, and stronger complex formation. In the area of hydrofluoric (HF) acidizing chemistry, the conceptualization of the unique HF acid reactions on clays and silica surfaces—namely, kinetic controls over the so-called primary, secondary, and tertiary reactions—has facilitated fluid designs that can handle such varied reactions. The work presented here describes the development of a new acidizing fluid containing an environmentally relevant chelating agent and an aminpolyocarboxylic acid. The chelating agent is fully biodegradable, according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) protocols, is stable in fluid media from pH 1 to 7 and at high temperatures, and stabilizes the dissolved ions during an acidizing treatment. In HF acidizing, the chelant performance has been tested at 0.6 mol/L and HF acid concentrations from 0.5 to 2%, pH of 2.5 to 4, including a stabilizing agent to mitigate the precipitation of fluorosilicates or fluoroaluminates, and is effective in temperature ranges from 200 to 300°F. Laboratory tests show it to be effective in maintaining in solution dissolved aluminum (3000 to 10 000 mg/L), calcium (5000 mg/L), and iron (6000 mg/L). The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis revealed additional dissolved-fluoride-containing species that has not been previously reported. Moreover, the chelating agent can also be used when stimulating carbonate rocks in concentrations from 0.2 to 0.6 M with a pH of 1 to 4 and is effective from 125 to 350°F. The representative pore volume breakthrough (PVbt) curves provide an indication of the distinct reactivity of this chelant.
Minimizing Energy Consumption for Precedence-Constrained Applications Using Dynamic Voltage Scaling (2009)

Jobs on high-performance computing systems are deployed mostly with the sole goal of minimizing completion times. This performance demand has been satisfied without paying much attention to power/energy consumption. Consequently, that has become a major concern in high-performance computing systems. In this paper, we address the problem of scheduling precedence-constrained parallel applications on such systems-specifically with heterogeneous resources-accounting for both application completion time and energy consumption. Our scheduling algorithm adopts dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) to minimize energy consumption. DVS can be used with a number of recent commodity processors that are enabled to operate in different voltage supply levels at the expense of sacrificing clock frequencies. In the context of scheduling, this multiple voltage facility implies that there is a trade-off between the quality of schedules and energy consumption. Our algorithm effectively balances these two performance goals using a novel objective function, which takes into account both goals; this claim is verified by the results obtained from our extensive comparative evaluation study.
A 3&#x2013;10fJ/conv-step 0.0032mm<sup>2</sup> error-shaping alias-free asynchronous ADC (2015)

We present a programmable, quantization error spectral shaping, alias-free asynchronous ADC suited for clockless, continuous-time DSP in receivers with modest SNDR requirements and a tight power budget. Implemented in 0.65V 28nm FDSOI, the 0.0032mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ADC achieves 32dB-42dB SNDR over a 10MHz-50MHz BW while consuming 24μW, giving a 3-10fJ/conv-step FoM.
Clinical Characteristics of Individuals With Germline Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2: Analysis of 10,000 Individuals (2002)

Specific features of personal and family history can be used to assess the likelihood of identifying a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 in individuals tested in a clinical setting.
Miniaturization of Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (2009)

An important step to facilitate dissemination of adaptive optics systems for ophthalmoscopy is to design and demonstrate robust and compact systems. We will present the design and results from a MEM-based AO scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Article not available.
Ancestry Inference Using Reference Labeled Clusters of Haplotypes (2020)

Abstract We present ARCHes, a fast and accurate haplotype-based approach for inferring an individual’s ancestry composition. Our approach works by modeling haplotype diversity from a large, admixed cohort of hundreds of thousands, then annotating those models with population information from reference panels of known ancestry. The running time of ARCHes does not depend on the size of a reference panel because training and testing are separate processes, and the inferred population-annotated haplotype models can be written to disk and reused to label large test sets in parallel (in our experiments, it averages less than one minute to assign ancestry from 32 populations to 1,001 sections of a genotype using 10 CPU). We test ARCHes on public data from the 1,000 Genomes Project and HGDP as well as simulated examples of known admixture. Our results demonstrate that ARCHes outperforms RFMix at correctly assigning both global and local ancestry at finer population scales regardless of the amount of population admixture. Author Summary Human DNA is inherited from ancestors that come from different populations across the globe and across time. Being able to identify which of those populations make up an individual’s DNA, how much they contribute, and on which chromosomes, is currently an important open research problem with many applications in the study of human diversity and history. As DNA sequencing and genotyping technology has developed, we have greater and greater amounts of data, which allows for the development of new sophisticated machine learning methods to approach this problem, and presents a need to process large amounts of data efficiently. These methods learn from examples of DNA data from known populations, and must be robust to differences in size and diversity among those reference populations. We present a new approach to this problem called ARCHes ( A ncestry inference using R eference labeled C lusters of H aplotyp es ), that models the global diversity of small segments of human DNA sequence (“haplotypes”), and the extent to which these haplotypes are associated with each of a set of population reference panels. It then computes the most likely population assignments and the points along the genome where the populations change. Our experiments show that ARCHes has superior accuracy compared to a state-of-the-art method in identifying source populations and their locations on the genome, regardless of the number of different populations present in the genome, how closely related those populations are. ARCHes is also able to model populations despite having a small amount of population reference DNA data.
Wafer‐scale epitaxial lift‐off of GaN using bandgap‐selective photoenhanced wet etching (2017)

An epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) process for GaN materials has been demonstrated using bandgap‐selective photoenhanced wet etching of an InGaN release layer. This process has been applied to GaN layers grown on sapphire as well as native GaN substrates using a perforation technique to scale the process up to wafers of arbitrary size. The process has the advantage of leveraging conventional MOCVD growth to form the release layer, with minimal degradation of films grown on top of the release layer. The ELO process is non‐destructive and can enable cost reduction through reuse of the native GaN substrate after ELO. The GaN films have been characterized before and after ELO using AFM, SEM, XRD, TEM and by fabricating Schottky barrier diodes. The performance of Schottky diodes fabricated on GaN‐on‐sapphire structures was found to improve after ELO. Potential applications for this technology include GaN power and optoelectronic devices as well as flexible electronics. Shown is a 5‐micron‐thick GaN epitaxial film released from a 4‐inch sapphire substrate using perforations on a 1‐mm pitch. The yellow luminescence of the nitrogen face of the released film is visible under ultraviolet illumination.
WE‐E‐BRC‐10: Quality Assurance of Deformation Algorithms Using a Two‐Dimensional Deformable Phantom (2011)

Purpose: Clinical implementation of deformation algorithms requires dependable quality assurance techniques. A two‐dimensional deformable phantom that can objectively verify the accuracy of the algorithms throughout an entire slice of the anatomy is proposed. Methods: The phantom represents a single plane of the anatomy for a head and neck patient. Inflation of a balloon catheter inside the phantom simulates tumor growth. CT and camera images of the phantom are acquired before and after its deformation. Non‐radiopaque markers reside on the surface of the deformable anatomy and are visible through an acrylic plate, which enables an optical camera to measure their positions; thus, establishing the ground truth deformation. This measured deformation can be directly compared to the predictions of deformation algorithms, using several similarity metrics, and it can be applied to create a simulated deformation for a patient CT, which can also be used to test algorithm accuracy. The ratio of the number of points with more than a 3 mm deformation error over those that are deformed by more than 3 mm was used for an error metric. A comparison of the deformation algorithm accuracy for the phantom CTs and the simulated CTs evaluates the adequacy of the phantom electron density heterogeneity. Results: The balloon catheter deforms 32 out of the 54 surface markers by more than 3 mm. Different deformation errors result from the different similarity metrics. The most accurate deformation results for the phantom CTs had an error of 75%, compared to 25% for the simulated CTs. Conclusions: The developed phantom demonstrates its utility for verifying deformation algorithms and determining which is the most accurate. The reduction of the deformable anatomy to a two‐dimensional system allows for the use of non‐radiopaque markers, which do not influence deformation algorithms. This is the fundamental advantage of this verification technique.
Injection of intense pulsed-ion beams into tokamaks with application to plasma heating and current maintenance. Interim report (1981)

This report examines various schemes by which an intense pulsed ion beam can be injected into a tokamak. There are several schemes which appear to be viable just as the plasma is being formed, but which cannot work for a steady state plasma. All schemes considered here use parallel injection. Once the beam is in the plasma, the heating and current maintenance are calculated. It is found that intense pulsed beams with reasonable energy should be capable of heating the plasma to breakeven and ignition.
Sidelobe Suppression with Cancellation Carriers for OFDM Based Overlay Systems (2005)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems exhibit significant out-of-band radiation caused by high sidelobes of the modulated subcarriers. Especially in OFDM based overlay systems the suppression of these sidelobes is one of the most important issues in order to enable the coexistence of two systems in the same frequency band. In this paper, we propose a new technique for sidelobe suppression characterized by the insertion of a few so-called cancellation carriers (CCs) on the left and right hand side of the used OFDM spectrum. These special subcarriers are not employed for data transmission, but carry complex weighting factors which are determined such that the sidelobes of transmission signal and CCs cancel each other. Simulation results show that with the proposed method a significant sidelobe suppression is achieved with only a small loss in bit error rate performance. This loss can be minimized by a slight modification of the receiver.
Photonic Recurrent Ising Sampler (2019)

We present the Photonic Recurrent Ising Sampler (PRIS), an algorithm tailored for photonic parallel networks, that can sample distributions of arbitrary Ising problems. The PRIS finds the ground state of general Ising problems and probes critical exponents of universality classes.
Text-To-Speech Conversion with Neural Networks: A Recurrent TDNN Approach (1998)

This paper describes the design of a neural network that performs the phonetic-to-acoustic mapping in a speech synthesis system. The use of a time-domain neural network architecture limits discontinuities that occur at phone boundaries. Recurrent data input also helps smooth the output parameter tracks. Independent testing has demonstrated that the voice quality produced by this system compares favorably with speech from existing commercial text-to-speech systems.
Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Tec Kinase Block Unconventional Secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (2016)

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a potent mitogen promoting both tumor cell survival and tumor-induced angiogenesis. It is secreted by an unconventional secretory mechanism that is based upon direct translocation across the plasma membrane. Key steps of this process are (i) phosphoinositide-dependent membrane recruitment, (ii) FGF2 oligomerization and membrane pore formation, and (iii) extracellular trapping mediated by membrane-proximal heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Efficient secretion of FGF2 is supported by Tec kinase that stimulates membrane pore formation based upon tyrosine phosphorylation of FGF2. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of the direct interaction between FGF2 and Tec kinase as well as the identification of small molecules that inhibit (i) the interaction of FGF2 with Tec, (ii) tyrosine phosphorylation of FGF2 mediated by Tec in vitro and in a cellular context, and (iii) unconventional secretion of FGF2 from cells. We further demonstrate the specificity of these inhibitors for FGF2 because tyrosine phosphorylation of a different substrate of Tec is unaffected in their presence. Building on previous evidence using RNA interference, the identified compounds corroborate the role of Tec kinase in unconventional secretion of FGF2. In addition, they are valuable lead compounds with great potential for drug development aiming at the inhibition of FGF2-dependent tumor growth and metastasis.
A Direct and Efficient Method for Piecewise-Planar Surface Reconstruction from Stereo Images (2007)

In this paper, we propose a direct method for 3D surface reconstruction from stereo images. We reconstruct a 3D surface by estimating all depths of the vertices of a mesh composed of piecewise triangular patches on the reference (template) image. The analyses described in this paper subsume that the deformation of the mesh between the stereo images is specified by homographies, each of which represents the deformation of a single patch. The homography deforms each patch which has 3 d.o.f under epipolar constraints. We first formulate a fast "direct" method for estimating the three parameters of a 3D plane by incorporating inverse compositional expression into the sum of squared differences (SSD) function of two stereo images. This method is about eight times faster than the conventional method. Then we extend the direct method to the estimation of the vertex depths in the mesh for reconstructing piecewise-planar surfaces. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through results of experiments using synthetic and real images.
A convenient and practical preparation of 4-chloromethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one. (1988)

A new-synthetic method for 4-chloromethyl-5-methyl-1, 3-dioxol-2-one (1c), which is useful for preparing prodrugs, has been developed. Ene-chlorination of 4, 5-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxol-2-one (2) with chlorine or sulfuryl chloride afforded 4-chloro-4-methyl-5-methylene-1, 3-dioxolan-2-one (3) in good yield. Compound 3 underwent allylic rearrangement to afford 1c quantiatively. The overall yield of 1c from 2 was approximately 80%.
Reduction of lattice defects in proton-exchanged lithium niobate waveguides (2011)

It is shown that the formation of water at the surface of protonated LiNbO3 can lead to the precipitation of disordered phases, causing undesirable degradation of the electro-optic properties of the material. These structural defects are observed to increase the conductivity, which leads to a slow build-up of space charges, believed to be a key reason for voltage bias drifts in LiNbO3 electro-optic devices. Annealing under a controlled partial pressure of water vapor is shown to minimize such damage to the crystal lattice. An additional reverse exchange process is proposed that further improves the stability of the crystal and its electro-optic properties.