gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sound classification algorithms for hearing aid applications (2010)

Automatic program switching has been shown to be greatly beneficial for hearing aid users. This feature is mediated by a sound classification system, which is traditionally implemented using simple features and heuristic classification schemes, resulting in an unsatisfactory performance in complex auditory scenarios. In this study, a number of experiments are conducted to systematically assess the impact of more sophisticated classifiers and features on automatic acoustic environment classification performance. The results show that advanced classifiers, such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM) or Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), greatly improve classification performance over simple classifiers. This change does not require a great increase of computational complexity, provided that a suitable number (5 to 7) of low-level features are carefully chosen. These findings indicate that advanced classifiers can be feasible in hearing aid applications.
TMCP Applied ERW Steel Tube with High Strength and Excellent Formability Contributing to Weight Reduction (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Kawasaki Steel Corporation has developed a new steel tube making process which includes warm-reducing after the electric resistance welding of steel strip. The tube properties such as bending, fatigue and torsion etc. can be improved by a warm-reducing process due to refining microstructure, spheroidizing cementite and improving texture. In this report, we present the metallurgy and the fundamental characterisitics of developed steel tubes. Furthermore, the practical characteristics and some application examples of the developed steel tubes to automotive parts are introduced.</div>
Fast and Comprehensive Simulation Methodology for Layout-Based Power-Noise Side-Channel Leakage Analysis (2020)

Side-channel attacks can non-invasively extract secret information from hardware devices with a large number of “side-channel” measurements. For example, measuring the dynamic voltage drop of a cryptographic chip can disclose the secret keys by power-noise side-channel emission. To identify the design vulnerabilities and to verify the design countermeasures against side-channel attacks, design time simulation tools are required. However, simulation of these power-noise side-channel emissions are highly complex and computationally intensive due to the scale of the time-domain simulation and the multi-physics models involved. In this paper, we have proposed a fast and comprehensive simulation methodology for the layout based power-noise Side-Channel Leakage Analysis (SCLA). To enable fast dynamic power-noise side-channel emission simulations in time domain, a novel Direct Vector Control (DVC) method is precisely applied to security-sensitive nets to capture all sources of side-channel leakage. Further, we have enabled a location dependent power-noise SCLA to root cause the potential layout design weakness. As a case study, we have validated the proposed SCLA methodology on a test chip which has two 128-bit AES ASIC implementations (CMOS based standard-cell logic and Wave Dynamic Differential Logic (WDDL)) embedded in it. Both Simulation results in terms of measurement-to-disclosure (MTD) have been correlated with silicon measurements to demonstrate the accurate detection of side-channel leakage by our simulation framework.
Dapagliflozin and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03619213.
Imine-substituted dipyrromethanes in the synthesis of porphyrins bearing one or two <i>meso</i> substituents (2005)

5,15-substituted porphyrins are valuable compounds in bioorganic and materials chemistry. A new synthesis has been developed that employs 1,9-diformylation of a dipyrromethane, conversion of the diformyldipyrromethane to the bis(imino) derivative, and reaction of the bis(imino)dipyrromethane + a dipyrromethane to give the zinc-porphyrin bearing trans-AB-substituents. 1,9-diformylation was achieved via Vilsmeier reaction. Imination was achieved by treatment of the 1,9-diformyldipyrromethane with excess amine under neat conditions at room temperature. The porphyrin-forming reaction was carried out over 2 h in refluxing ethanol containing zinc acetate exposed to air. Oxidation of the intermediate porphyrinogen occurs aerobically. A complex composed of two bis(imino)dipyrromethanes and two zinc atoms was observed to form reversibly during the course of the reaction. A set of zinc-porphyrins with trans-AB-, A 2 -, or A-substituents has been prepared in yields of ~30% (without detectable scrambling) with straightforward purification. The reaction is applicable to A/B substituent combinations of aryl/aryl, aryl/alkyl, and aryl/H.
0.00016 deg/√hr Angle Random Walk (ARW) and 0.0014 deg/hr Bias Instability (BI) from a 5.2M-Q and 1-cm Precision Shell Integrating (PSI) Gyroscope (2020)

We report record-high performance from a fused-silica micro Precision Shell Integrating (PSI) gyroscope. The PSI gyroscope uses a fused-silica resonator with a diameter of 1 cm and a mechanical quality factor (Q) of 5.2 million. The gyroscope has an angle random walk (ARW) of 0.00016 deg/√hr and short-term in-run bias instability of 0.0014 deg/hr without any temperature compensation. This performance for such a small shell gyroscope compares well with the larger mHRG and HRG devices reported previously. This performance, in a device this small, is achieved by optimizing the fabrication of the shell resonator so it provides high Q, large mass, high frequency resonance, and low as-fabricated frequency mismatch.
Solid State NMR Probe Design (2007)

An overview is presented of the special requirements for components found in NMR probes for solid samples, including high-power ceramic capacitors, variable capacitors, coils, construction materials, and spinner assemblies. Key data, including magnetic susceptibility and dielectric properties, are tabulated for the various ceramics, plastics, composites, and alloys often preferred in probe construction. Overviews are presented of the primary types of solids probes, including wideline, magic angle spinning, single crystal, and switched angle spinning. Some of the special design challenges are discussed in more detail, including spinner design, triple resonance high-power rf circuits, and operation at extreme temperatures.
Ultra high Q crystalline microcavities (2005)

AbstractWe report on the fabrication technique of ultra high Q optical crystalline whispering gallery mode microresonators and discuss theirproperties. The technique is suitable for the majority of available optical crystals and for production of resonators with small size. Tovalidate the method, we made CaF 2 resonators with Q factors exceeding 4 · 10 8 and a diameter smaller than 100 lm. A single moderesonator has also been fabricated. Possible utilization of these new resonators in quantum optics is discussed. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 42.50. p; 42.60.DaKeywords: Whispering gallery modes; Microcavity; Single mode resonator; Diamond turning; Cavity QED 1. IntroductionAlthough the whispering gallery mode resonators(WGMR) were invented almost a century ago, signiﬁcantadvances in their actual utilization appeared only in the lastcouple of decades following the invention of eﬃcient reso-nator-light coupling methods. The WGM resonances, alsoknown as morphology dependent resonances, have provento be useful in many photonics and optics applications.Miniaturization of these resonators makes new applica-tions possible in precision physics experiment [1,2].Historically, the WGM resonators have been fabricatedwith a variety of materials including silicon [3], sapphire,fused silica [4], calcium ﬂuoride, lithium niobate [5] andother optical glasses and crystals. The optically transparentcrystals are particularly interesting for fabrication of theresonators because they naturally have many speciﬁc opti-cal [6] and spectroscopic features, such as zero phononlines, which are absent in amorphous materials. Anotheradvantage of crystalline materials for the fabrication ofthe resonators is that they can be stable against humidity,as in the case of CaF
TakeToons (2018)

Performance animation is an expressive method for animating characters through human performance. However, character motion is only one part of creating animated stories. The typical workflow also involves writing a script, coordinating actors, and editing recorded performances. In most cases, these steps are done in isolation with separate tools, which introduces friction and hinders iteration. We propose TakeToons, a script-driven approach that allows authors to annotate standard scripts with relevant animation events like character actions, camera positions, and scene backgrounds. We compile this script into a story model that persists throughout the production process and provides a consistent structure for organizing and assembling recorded performances and propagating script or timing edits to existing recordings. TakeToons enables writing, performing and editing to happen in an integrated and interleaved manner that streamlines production and facilitates iteration. Informal feedback from professional animators suggests that our approach can benefit many existing workflows supporting individual authors and production teams with many different contributors.
3D visualization of the scoliotic spine: longitudinal studies, data acquisition, and radiation dosage constraints (1999)

Decision making in the treatment of scoliosis is typically based on longitudinal studies that involve the imaging and visualization the progressive degeneration of a patient's spine over a period of years. Some patients will need surgery if their spinal deformation exceeds a certain degree of severity. Currently, surgeons rely on 2D measurements, obtained from x-rays, to quantify spinal deformation. Clearly working only with 2D measurements seriously limits the surgeon's ability to infer 3D spinal pathology. Standard CT scanning is not a practical solution for obtaining 3D spinal measurements of scoliotic patients. Because it would expose the patient to a prohibitively high dose of radiation. We have developed 2 new CT-based methods of 3D spinal visualization that produce 3D models of the spine by integrating a very small number of axial CT slices with data obtained from CT scout data. In the first method the scout data are converted to sinogram data, and then processed by a tomographic image reconstruction algorithm. In the second method, the vertebral boundaries are detected in the scout data, and these edges are then used as linear constraints to determine 2D convex hulls of the vertebrae.
Learning to Predict Blood Pressure with Deep Bidirectional LSTM Network. (2017)

Blood pressure (BP) has been a difficult vascular risk factor to measure precisely and continuously due to its multiscale temporal dependencies. However, both pulse transit time (PTT) model and regression model fail to learn such dependencies and thus suffer from accuracy decay over time. In this work, we addressed the limitation of existing BP prediction models by formulating BP extraction as a sequence prediction problem in which both the input and target are temporal sequence. By incorporating both a bidirectional layer structure and a deep architecture in a standard long short term-memory (LSTM), we established a deep bidirectional LSTM (DB-LSTM) network that can adaptively discover the latent structures of different timescales in BP sequences and automatically learn such multiscale dependencies. We evaluated our proposed model on a static and follow-up continuous BP dataset, and the results show that DB-LSTM network can effectively learn different timescale dependencies in the BP sequences and advances the state-of-the-art by achieving superior accuracy performance than other leading methods on both datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to validate the ability of recurrent neural networks to learn the multiscale dependencies of long-term continuous BP sequence.
Biomimetic Biphasic Nanocomposite Scaffold for Osteochondral Regeneration (2013)

Due to the disparity in composition and mechanical properties of the osteochondral interface, tissue engineering approaches to the regenration of the osteochondral site face unique challenges that are both biochemical and mechanical in nature. The current work has developed a novel biomimetic biphasic nanocomposite osteochondral scaffold integrating two biocompatible polymers each containing tissue-specific growth factor-encapsulated core-shell nanospheres. Specifically, a poly(caprolactone) based bone layer was successfully integrated with a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel cartilage layer. The current work also developed a novel nanosphere fabrication technique for efficient growth factor encapsulation and sustained delivery via wet co-axial electrospray. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were evaluated in our constructs and showed significantly improved hMSC adhesion and differentiation in vitro.
Linux kernel loadable wrappers (2002)

This paper describes the results of the Hypervisors for Security and Robustness (Kernel Hypervisors) program. Using the concept of a loadable module, kernel loadable wrappers (KLWs) were implemented in a Linux kernel. These kernel loadable wrappers provide unbypassable security wrappers for application specific security requirements and can also be used to provide replication services. KLWs have a number of potential applications, including protecting user systems from malicious active content downloaded via a Web browser and wrapping servers and firewall services for limiting possible compromises. This paper also includes a summary of the composability analysis that was done on the program.
Securing Input Data of Deep Learning Inference Systems via Partitioned Enclave Execution. (2018)

Deep learning systems have been widely deployed as backend engines of artificial intelligence (AI) services for their approaching-human performance in cognitive tasks. However, end users always have some concerns about the confidentiality of their provisioned input data, even for those reputable AI service providers. Accidental disclosures of sensitive user data might unexpectedly happen due to security breaches, exploited vulnerabilities, neglect, or insiders. In this paper, we systematically investigate the potential information exposure in deep learning based AI inference systems. Based on our observation, we develop DeepEnclave, a privacy-enhancing system to mitigate sensitive information disclosure in deep learning inference pipelines. The key innovation is to partition deep learning models and leverage secure enclave techniques on cloud infrastructures to cryptographically protect the confidentiality and integrity of user inputs. We formulate the information exposure problem as a reconstruction privacy attack and quantify the adversary's capabilities with different attack strategies. Our comprehensive security analysis and performance measurement can act as a guideline for end users to determine their principle of partitioning deep neural networks, thus to achieve maximum privacy guarantee with acceptable performance overhead.
A Glycoprotein Inhibitor of Pectin Methylesterase in Kiwi Fruit (1995)

The pectin methylesterase inhibitor from kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis) was purified by a single-step procedure based on affinity chromatography. Partially purified tomato pectin methylesterase was covalently bound to Sepharose. The affinity resin strongly and selectively binds the inhibitor, which could be eluted in high yield as a single, homogeneous and sharp peak by high salt concentration at pH 9.5 without loss of inhibitory activity. The purified protein possesses a molecular mass of 18 kDa, as estimated by SDS/PAGE, whereas by gel filtration under native conditions, its molecular mass appears to be 25 kDa. The inhibitor interacts with pectin methylesterase, forming a 1:1 complex, as demonstrated by gel-filtration experiments. The inhibitor was glycosylated. Its glycidic portion can be removed by digestion with N-glycosidase F after protein denaturation and, to a minor extent, by digestion with N-glycosidase H. No glycidic residue could be removed by digesting the native protein with those N-glycosidases. Antibodies against pectin methylesterase inhibitor were raised in rabbits and used to evidence protein expression during fruit ripening. The results showed that the inhibitor is present in the unripe fruit as an inactive precursor with a higher molecular mass (30 kDa) and is transformed into the active protein, most likely by proteinase action, during the course of the ripening process.
Inverse texture synthesis (2008)

The quality and speed of most texture synthesis algorithms depend on a 2D input sample that is small and contains enough texture variations. However, little research exists on how to acquire such sample. For homogeneous patterns this can be achieved via manual cropping, but no adequate solution exists for inhomogeneous or globally varying textures, i.e. patterns that are local but not stationary, such as rusting over an iron statue with appearance conditioned on varying moisture levels.
Multiuser space-time interference cancellation system for CDMA mobile communications (2003)

An efficient combination of a smart antenna and a multi-stage multiuser interference canceller is proposed for W-CDMA system enhancement. In the proposed advanced receiver, interference cancellation is carried out at the signal level before beamforming by regenerating a spread signal replica of each user signal with the inverse beamforming process. Computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed space-time processing enables one to achieve a joint capacity gain given by the smart antenna and multiuser detection.
Exosomes mediate interepithelial transfer of functional P‐glycoprotein in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2017)

NA. Laryngoscope, 127:E295-E300, 2017.
Variations in composition in binary and ternary semiconductors utilizing electrolyte electroreflectance: A topographical investigation (1978)

Utilizing electrolyte electroreflectance, we have developed a unique approach for determining the variations in composition x across the face of binary and ternary alloy semiconductors. This technique is based on the fact that the energies of features in the optical spectra of semiconducting alloys depend on x in a continuous manner. Any shift in energy of a particular electroreflectance peak is measured using a small scanned light spot. Corresponding variations in x can be determined to within about 1% with a spatial resolution of about 100 μm. This technique is nondestructive and can readily be employed under atmospheric conditions at room temperature. Results are presented for a number of alloys, including Hg1−xCdxTe, Ga1−xAlxAs, InAsxSb1−x, and Pb1−xSnxTe. The advantages of our approach in relation to microprobe or luminescence methods is discussed.
Block copolymers by transformation of living anionic polymerization into controlled/“living” atom transfer radical polymerization (1999)

A method for the transformation of living anionic polymerization (LAP) to controlled/“living” atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is reported and utilized for the preparation of block copolymers. The macroinitiators, polystyrene and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene containing the 2-bromoisobutyryl end group (PS-Br, Mn = 12 200, Mw/Mn = 1.04; PS-b-PIP-Br, Mn = 16 800, Mw/Mn = 1.03), were prepared by LAP of styrene and styrene/isoprene, correspondingly, and suitable termination agents. These compounds were used as macroinitiators for controlled/“living” ATRP to prepare block copolymers with methyl acrylate (PS-b-PMA), butyl acrylate (PS-b-PBA), methyl methacrylate (PS-b-PMMA), a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile (PS-b-P(S-r-AN)) and also chain extension with styrene (PS-b-PS and PS-b-PIP-b-PS). The block copolymers were characterized by means of size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF QUINAZOLINO(3,2‐D)‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐6,9(5H,7H)‐DIONES (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem Benzoxazinon (I) wird auf zwei Wegen das neue anellierte heterocyclische Ringsystem (IV) synthetisiert.
Bio‐based adipic acid from renewable oils (2012)

Abstract Adipic acid (hexanedioic acid, C 6 H 10 O 4 ) is a high‐volume dicarboxylic acid used as a chemical intermediate in the commercial manufacture of nylon 6,6, thermoplastic polyurethane resins, plasticizers, adhesives and synthetic lubricants, with an estimated global market worth approximately $6.3 billion. We report here the development of a robust industrial yeast strain and fermentation process for production of bio‐based adipic acid at high yield and selectivity from any vegetable oil, regardless of its fatty acid composition. Bio‐based adipic acid could alleviate many of the drawbacks associated with adipic acid produced from petrochemical sources and offer a sustainable alternative to benzene price swings as well as a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Donepezil Plus Solifenacin (CPC-201) Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease (2017)

Available cholinergic drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) provide modest symptomatic benefit. We hypothesized that co-administration of a peripheral anticholinergic to reduce dose-limiting adverse effects (AEs) would enable the safe/tolerable use of higher cholinesterase inhibitor doses and thus improve their antidementia efficacy. A modified single-blind, ascending-dose, phase IIa study of donepezil plus solifenacin (CPC-201) lasting 26 weeks was conducted in 41 patients with probable AD of moderate severity. Entry criteria included the use of donepezil at a dose of 10 mg/day during the preceding 3 months. The primary outcome measure was the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of donepezil achieved (to protocol limit of 40 mg/day) when administered with the anticholinergic solifenacin 15 mg/day. Secondary measures included assessments of cognitive and global function, as well as of AEs. The mean ± SD donepezil MTD increased to 38 ± 0.74 mg/day (median 40 mg/day; p < 0.001); 88% of the study population safely attained this dose at the end of titration. Markedly reduced donepezil AE frequency, especially gastrointestinal, allowed this dose increase. There were no drug-related serious AEs or clinically significant laboratory abnormalities. At 26 weeks, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Component scores in the efficacy evaluable population improved by 0.35 ± 0.85 points over baseline (p < 0.05), an estimated 2.5 ± 0.84 points above 10 mg/day donepezil and 5.4 ± 0.84 points above historic placebo (both p < 0.05). Clinical Global Impression of Improvement scores improved by 0.94 ± 0.20 to 3.1 ± 0.20 points (p < 0.001). The findings suggest that limiting donepezil AEs by co-administration of solifenacin allows the safe administration of substantially higher cholinesterase inhibitors doses that may augment cognitive and global benefits in patients with AD.
Novel Heteroatom-containing Vitamin D3 Analogs: Efficient Synthesis of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactam (2003)

Vitamin D3 and its synthetic analogs are promising compounds for controlling various types of cell differentiation. In this article, we describe the synthesis of novel vitamin D3 analogs containing heteroatoms in their side chains – so-called vitamin D3 lactam analogs – via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction as a key step.
A Novel GelMA-based Bioadhesive for Repair of Corneal Stromal Defects (2018)

Author(s): Sun, Zhongmou; Kheirkhah, Ahmad; Al Karmi, Rani; Foulsham, William; Sani, Ehsan Shirzaei; Annabi, Nasim; Dana, Reza