gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular Localization and Antigenic Characterization of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Glycoproteins (2005)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a member of the genus Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae, causes severe disease with high rates of mortality in humans. The CCHFV M RNA segment encodes the virus glycoproteins G(N) and G(C). To understand the processing and intracellular localization of the CCHFV glycoproteins as well as their neutralization and protection determinants, we produced and characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for both G(N) and G(C). Using these MAbs, we found that G(N) predominantly colocalized with a Golgi marker when expressed alone or with G(C), while G(C) was transported to the Golgi apparatus only in the presence of G(N). Both proteins remained endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H sensitive, indicating that the CCHFV glycoproteins are most likely targeted to the cis Golgi apparatus. Golgi targeting information partly resides within the G(N) ectodomain, because a soluble version of G(N) lacking its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains also localized to the Golgi apparatus. Coexpression of soluble versions of G(N) and G(C) also resulted in localization of soluble G(C) to the Golgi apparatus, indicating that the ectodomains of these proteins are sufficient for the interactions needed for Golgi targeting. Finally, the mucin-like and P35 domains, located at the N terminus of the G(N) precursor protein and removed posttranslationally by endoproteolysis, were required for Golgi targeting of G(N) when it was expressed alone but were dispensable when G(C) was coexpressed. In neutralization assays on SW-13 cells, MAbs to G(C), but not to G(N), prevented CCHFV infection. However, only a subset of G(C) MAbs protected mice in passive-immunization experiments, while some nonneutralizing G(N) MAbs efficiently protected animals from a lethal CCHFV challenge. Thus, neutralization of CCHFV likely depends not only on the properties of the antibody, but on host cell factors as well. In addition, nonneutralizing antibody-dependent mechanisms, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, may be involved in the in vivo protection seen with the MAbs to G(C).
Lysine-Ketoglutarate Reductase Activity in Developing Maize Endosperm (1982)

Lysine-ketoglutarate reductase activity was detected and characterized in the developing endosperm of maize (Zea mays L.). The enzyme showed specificity for its substrates: lysine, alpha-ketoglutarate, and NADPH. Formation of the reaction product saccharopine was demonstrated. The pH optimum of the enzyme was close to 7, and the K(m) for lysine and alpha-ketoglutarate were 5.2 and 1.8 millimolar, respectively.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Some Novel Polypyridine and Phenanthroline Complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) Incorporating a Bidentate Benzothiazolyl Hydrazone Ligand (2013)

Eight novel polypyridine and phenanthroline complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) (1-8) of the type [M(N-N) 2 (L)]Cl 2 where N-N is 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) 2 and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) 2 with three benzothiazolyl hydrazone ligands L 1 -L 3 were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, thermal conductance, UV-Vis, IR, 1 H NMR, electronic absorption and emission spectral methods.The IR, 1 H NMR, electronic absorption and emission spectral data revealed that the ligands coordinate with the metal ions in a bidentate fashion through azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen to form complexes.The analytical and thermogravimetrical data correlated with the observations from IR, 1 H NMR, electronic absorption and emission spectra permitted to attribute that the metal ions are six coordinated in all the complexes.
Structure‐activity relationship of the neurotransmitter alpha‐bag cell peptide on <i>Aplysia</i> LUQ neurons: Implications regarding its inactivation in the extracellular space (1992)

Alpha-bag cell peptide [alpha-BCP (Ala-Pro-Arg-Leu-Arg-Phe-Tyr-Ser-Leu)] is a neurotransmitter that mediates bag cell-induced inhibition of left-upper-quadrant (LUQ) neurons L2, L3, L4, and L6 in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. Our recent biochemical studies have shown that alpha-BCP[1-9] is cleaved into alpha-BCP[1-2], [3-9], [1-5], [6-9], and [7-9] by a combination of three distinct peptidase activities located within the extracellular spaces of the CNS: A diaminopeptidase-IV (DAP-IV)-like enzyme cleaves alpha-BCP[1-9] at the 2-3 peptide bond; a neutral metalloendopeptidase (NEP)-like enzyme cleaves either alpha-BCP[1-9] or alpha-BCP[3-9] at the 5-6 bond; an aminopeptidase M-II (APM-II)-like enzyme cleaves alpha-BCP[6-9] at the 6-7 bond, but cleaves neither alpha-BCP[1-9], nor the other ganglionic peptidase products. To further understand the manner in which alpha-BCP is inactivated after release, that is loses its electrophysiological activity, we studied its structure-activity relationship by recording intracellularly from LUQ neurons in isolated abdominal ganglia that were arterially perfused with peptides dissolved in artificial sea water. The effects of alpha-BCP[1-9] and 15 of its fragments ([1-8], [1-7], [1-6], [1-5], [2-9], [3-9], [3-8], [6-9], [7-9], [8-9], [6-7], [6-8], [1-2], Phe, Tyr) indicated that the sequence Phe6-Tyr7 was both necessary and sufficient to produce LUQ inhibitory activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correlation Between Bovine Milk Somatic Cell Count and Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Level for Samples of Bulk Milk and Milk from Individual Cows (2000)

The influence of various factors on the concentrations of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMN) in milk samples from bulk tanks and individual cows was investigated. While somatic cell counts (SCC) and PMN level were in both cases significantly correlated, lower correlation coefficients were found between SCC and PMN for samples of bulk tank milks than for milk samples from individual cows. Furthermore, plots of PMN concentrations versus SCC showed great variability in PMN in milk samples of similar total SCC. One factor that may lead to variability in bulk tank PMN levels was shown to be increased proportions of high SCC milk in the bulk tank mixture, which result in relatively high PMN levels without excessive elevation of total SCC. In milk samples from individual cows, it was found that there was also a significant seasonal influence on milk PMN content, with milk from cows calving in the spring having, at SCC > 160,000 cells/ ml, higher proportions of PMN in the total milk SCC than milk from autumn calving cows. The results of this study suggest that the concentration of PMN may be a useful indicator of herd status in bulk tank monitoring schemes.
MOLECULAR MODELLING OF THE DEFORMATION MECHANISMS ACTING IN AUXETIC SILICA (2004)

Molecular mechanics simulations have been performed to undertake a systematic investigation into the structure and mechanical properties of -cristobalite undergoing uniaxial loading along each of the 3 mutually orthogonal principal directions and also hydrostatic pressure loading. Simulations were performed using both the BKS and Burchart force-fields. The simulations indicate that pressure loading and uniaxial loading along the x 3 direction leads to uniform variation of the four independent Si-O-Si intertetrahedral angles, indicative of cooperative tetrahedral rotation about tetrahedral axes which transform the -cristobalite structure into the 'idealised' -cristobalite structure. Uniaxial loading along either of the transverse directions (x 1 and x 2 ) leads to a divergence of the intertetrahedral angles, consistent with tetrahedral rotation about the tetrahedral axes which transform the idealised -cristobalite structure into the 'ordered' -cristobalite structure. The data also indicate that a phase transition to one of the proposed phases may be induced by a negative hydrostatic pressure or tensile stress along x 3 . The phase transition is accompanied by a change in sign of some of the Poisson's ratios (i.e. from positive to negative). A negative hydrostatic pressure is also predicted to lead to conversion of initially positive to negative Poisson's ratio values (within the same phase).
Graphene Coatings: Probing the Limits of the One Atom Thick Protection Layer (2012)

The limitations of graphene as an effective corrosion-inhibiting coating on metal surfaces, here exemplified by the hex-reconstructed Pt(100) surface, are probed by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations. While exposure of small molecules directly onto the Pt(100) surface will lift the reconstruction, a single graphene layer is observed to act as an effective coating, protecting the reactive surface from O(2) exposure and thus preserving the reconstruction underneath the graphene layer in O(2) pressures as high as 10(-4) mbar. A similar protective effect against CO is observed at CO pressures below 10(-6) mbar. However, at higher pressures CO is observed to intercalate under the graphene coating layer, thus lifting the reconstruction. The limitations of the coating effect are further tested by exposure to hot atomic hydrogen. While the coating can withstand these extreme conditions for a limited amount of time, after substantial exposure, the Pt(100) reconstruction is lifted. Annealing experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the basal plane of the graphene stays intact and point to a graphene-mediated mechanism for the H-induced lifting of the reconstruction.
The SCF<sup>COI1</sup> Ubiquitin-Ligase Complexes Are Required for Jasmonate Response in Arabidopsis (2002)

Xie and colleagues previously isolated the Arabidopsis COI1 gene that is required for response to jasmonates (JAs), which regulate root growth, pollen fertility, wound healing, and defense against insects and pathogens. In this study, we demonstrate that COI1 associates physically with AtCUL1, AtRbx1, and either of the Arabidopsis Skp1-like proteins ASK1 or ASK2 to assemble ubiquitin-ligase complexes, which we have designated SCF(COI1). COI1(E22A), a single amino acid substitution in the F-box motif of COI1, abolishes the formation of the SCF(COI1) complexes and results in loss of the JA response. AtRbx1 double-stranded RNA-mediated genetic interference reduces AtRbx1 expression and affects JA-inducible gene expression. Furthermore, we show that the AtCUL1 component of SCF(COI1) complexes is modified in planta, where mutations in AXR1 decrease the abundance of the modified AtCUL1 of SCF(COI1) and lead to a reduction in JA response. Finally, we demonstrate that the axr1 and coi1 mutations display a synergistic genetic interaction in the double mutant. These results suggest that the COI1-mediated JA response is dependent on the SCF(COI1) complexes in Arabidopsis and that the AXR1-dependent modification of the AtCUL1 subunit of SCF(COI1) complexes is important for JA signaling.
Modulation of the absorption coefficient at 13 μm in Ge/SiGe multiple quantum well heterostructures on silicon (2011)

We report modulation of the absorption coefficient at 1.3 μm in Ge/SiGe multiple quantum well heterostructures on silicon via the quantum-confined Stark effect. Strain engineering was exploited to increase the direct optical bandgap in the Ge quantum wells. We grew 9 nm-thick Ge quantum wells on a relaxed Si0.22Ge0.78 buffer and a contrast in the absorption coefficient of a factor of greater than 3.2 was achieved in the spectral range 1290-1315 nm.
Increased β-Oxidation in Muscle Cells Enhances Insulin-stimulated Glucose Metabolism and Protects against Fatty Acid-induced Insulin Resistance Despite Intramyocellular Lipid Accumulation (2004)

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance may be aggravated by intramyocellular accumulation of fatty acid-derived metabolites that inhibit insulin signaling. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced fatty acid oxidation in myocytes should protect against fatty acid-induced insulin resistance by limiting lipid accumulation. L6 myotubes were transduced with adenoviruses encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) isoforms or beta-galactosidase (control). Two to 3-fold overexpression of L-CPT I, the endogenous isoform in L6 cells, proportionally increased oxidation of the long-chain fatty acids palmitate and oleate and increased insulin stimulation of [(14)C]glucose incorporation into glycogen by 60% while enhancing insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of p38MAPK. Incubation of control cells with 0.2 mm palmitate for 18 h caused accumulation of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and ceramide (but not long-chain acyl-CoA) and decreased insulin-stimulated [(14)C]glucose incorporation into glycogen (60%), [(3)H]deoxyglucose uptake (60%), and protein kinase B phosphorylation (20%). In the context of L-CPT I overexpression, palmitate preincubation produced a relative decrease in insulin-stimulated incorporation of [(14)C]glucose into glycogen (60%) and [(3)H]deoxyglucose uptake (40%) but did not inhibit phosphorylation of protein kinase B. Due to the enhancement of insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism induced by L-CPT I overexpression itself, net insulin-stimulated incorporation of [(14)C]glucose into glycogen and [(3)H]deoxyglucose uptake in L-CPT I-transduced, palmitate-treated cells were significantly greater than in palmitate-treated control cells (71 and 75% greater, respectively). However, L-CPT I overexpression failed to decrease intracellular triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, ceramide, or long-chain acyl-CoA. We propose that accelerated beta-oxidation in muscle cells exerts an insulin-sensitizing effect independently of changes in intracellular lipid content.
Disruption of HPV16-E7 by CRISPR/Cas System Induces Apoptosis and Growth Inhibition in HPV16 Positive Human Cervical Cancer Cells (2014)

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) has been recognized as a major causative agent for cervical cancer. Upon HPV infection, early genes E6 and E7 play important roles in maintaining malignant phenotype of cervical cancer cells. By using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats- (CRISPR-) associated protein system (CRISPR/Cas system), a widely used genome editing tool in many organisms, to target HPV16-E7 DNA in HPV positive cell lines, we showed for the first time that the HPV16-E7 single-guide RNA (sgRNA) guided CRISPR/Cas system could disrupt HPV16-E7 DNA at specific sites, inducing apoptosis and growth inhibition in HPV positive SiHa and Caski cells, but not in HPV negative C33A and HEK293 cells. Moreover, disruption of E7 DNA directly leads to downregulation of E7 protein and upregulation of tumor suppressor protein pRb. Therefore, our results suggest that HPV16-E7 gRNA guided CRISPR/Cas system might be used as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer.
A Library-Selected, Langerhans Cell-Targeting Peptide Enhances an Immune Response (2004)

The ability to deliver antigens and immunomodulators specifically to Langerhans cells (LCs) in the skin could impact vaccine development. However, cell-specific targeting of therapeutic molecules remains a challenge in biomedicine. Using phage display technologies, we have developed a protocol that identifies peptides that mediate uptake into target cell types. Employing this approach, we have isolated a 20-mer peptide that mediates specific uptake by immunopotent LCs. The peptide is functional outside the context of the phage and is able to deliver a nanoparticle to LCs in vitro. Although selected on cells in vitro, the peptide is able to direct antigens and genes to LCs in vivo. Liposomes bearing the LC targeting peptide are able to deliver a transcriptionally active gene to LCs in a mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a low-dose injection into mice of phage bearing the LC-targeting peptide yields faster and higher immune responses against phage-associated antigens than control-phage injections.
Value Chain of Electric Vehicle(EV) Startups of China －Manufacturing Capability Issue－ (2020)

중국이 세계 최대 전기자동차 시장으로 부상하면서 중국 전기차 기업들은 거대한 내수 시장을 적극 활용하여, 글로벌 선두 기업으로 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 그러나 미디어의 큰 관심을 받았던 중국의 전기차 스타트업들은 2020년 현재, 여전히 콘셉트 카 출시 수준에 머물고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 니오, 루시드 모터, 패러데이 퓨처, 카마, 바이튼 등 중국 전기차 스타트업 다섯 곳의 2017년 가치사슬과 2020년 가치사슬을 비교, 검토하여 무엇이 문제인지를 파악하고, 최근 테슬라의 판매 실적 호전에서 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 그 결과, 중국 전기차 스타트업 가치사슬의 가장 큰 문제는 양산 능력 부족이었으며, 결국 전기차양산 노하우는 스타트업들이 쉽게 모방하기 어려운 무형자산임이 드러났다. 이는 전기차도 내연기관 자동차와 마찬가지로 승객 안전문제 때문에 생산공정에서 매우 높은 수준의 품질관리를 요구하기 때문이다. 최근 테슬라의 판매 실적 호전도 전기차 사업의 가치사슬에서 양산 능력의 중요성을 다시 한번 일깨우고 있다. 한편 중국 전기차 시장의 경쟁상황은 전기차 스타트업들에게 또 다른 진입장벽으로 작용할 가능성이 높다. 따라서 전기차 스타트업들은 중국의 내연기관 자동차 업체들과 전략적 제휴를 통해, 양산 능력 문제와 치열한 경쟁상황 문제를 해결하려 할 것으로 예상된다. 이 경우, 제휴 관계를 어떻게 성공적으로 유지하며, 어떠한 지분구조가 지속 가능한지가 주요 이슈가 될 것이다.
Survival of rabbit eggs preserved in plastic straws in liquid nitrogen (1977)

Since the first successful report on the deep-freeze preservation of mouse embryos by Whittingham (1971), the development of frozen embryos after transplantation has been reported for the cow (Wilmut & Rowson, 1973), rabbit (Whittingham & Adams, 1974), rat (Whittingham, 1975), and sheep (Willadsen, Polge, Rowson & Moor, 1976). For the rabbit, Bank & Maurer (1974) found that 7–15% of 8-cell eggs or morulae transplanted after freezing and thawing developed into fetuses, and Whittingham & Adams (1974) also obtained a 17% development of frozen 8-cell eggs to term. These results are considerably poorer than those obtained for the mouse (Whittingham, 1974).
Learning Attention-based Embeddings for Relation Prediction in Knowledge Graphs (2019)

The recent proliferation of knowledge graphs (KGs) coupled with incomplete or partial information, in the form of missing relations (links) between entities, has fueled a lot of research on knowledge base completion (also known as relation prediction). Several recent works suggest that convolutional neural network (CNN) based models generate richer and more expressive feature embeddings and hence also perform well on relation prediction. However, we observe that these KG embeddings treat triples independently and thus fail to cover the complex and hidden information that is inherently implicit in the local neighborhood surrounding a triple. To this effect, our paper proposes a novel attention-based feature embedding that captures both entity and relation features in any given entity's neighborhood. Additionally, we also encapsulate relation clusters and multi-hop relations in our model. Our empirical study offers insights into the efficacy of our attention-based model and we show marked performance gains in comparison to state-of-the-art methods on all datasets.
Mouse cells contain two distinct ras gene mRNA species that can be translated into a p21 onc protein. (1982)

The Kirsten (Ki) and Harvey (Ha) strains of murine sarcoma virus encode a 21,000-dalton protein (p21 ras) which is the product of the transforming gene of these viruses. Normal cells express low levels of p21 ras encoded by cellular genes (Ki-ras and Ha-ras) homologous to the Ki and Ha murine sarcoma virus transformation genes. A bone marrow-derived mouse cell line, 416B, has been shown to express unusually high levels of p21 ras. In this manuscript, we investigated the molecular biology of p21 ras gene expression in 416B and other normal mouse cells. We identified four distinct polyadenylated and polysome-associated RNAs, two related to Ki-ras and two to Ha-ras. The levels in 416B cells of the two Ki-ras RNAs, sized 5.2 and 2.0 kilobases, were both elevated approximately 25-fold over levels found in normal mouse cells; there was no corresponding change in 416B cells in the levels of the two Ha-ras RNAs. We partially purified the two Ki-ras mRNAs and separated them by velocity sedimentation in sucrose density gradients. Both the 5.2- and 2.0-kilobase mRNAs could be translated in vitro into p21 ras. These results show that a cellular onc protein can be translated from two distinct cellular mRNA species.
Modified all digital timing tracking loop for wireless applications (2004)

In this paper, a novel architecture for a fine timing-tracking loop is presented. The loop is a second order feedback loop utilizing an interpolating filter to relax the requirements on the analog to digital section of the receiver. A complete analysis of the interpolating filter, loop filter along with a system simulation based on direct sequence spread spectrum are presented.
A Review of Mutual Coupling in MIMO Systems (2018)

This paper provides a systematic review of the mutual coupling in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, including the effects on performances of MIMO systems and various decoupling techniques. The mutual coupling changes the antenna characteristics in an array, and therefore, degrades the system performance of the MIMO system and causes the spectral regrowth. Although the system performance can be partially improved by calibrating out the mutual coupling in the digital domain, it is more effective to use decoupling techniques (from the antenna point) to overcome the mutual coupling effects. Some popular decoupling techniques for MIMO systems (especially for massive MIMO base station antennas) are also presented.
Some potential applications of pyrolysis to basin studies (1983)

A variety of pyrolysis systems can be used to obtain source rock evaluation and other data. Systems with bulk flow capabilities are best used to screen samples for subsequent detailed analysis, but data must be interpreted in the light of possible mineral-pyrolysate interactions. Non-indigenous hydrocarbons can be detected by the same techniques, but pyrolysis-FID/-gc or alternatively pyrolysis-gc plus pyrolysis-bulk flow are required to identify and differentiate migrated hydrocarbons and refined petroleum products. Screening can be carried out in the laboratory or at the well location. In the latter case, data can be used for on-site decision making, as well as providing the groundwork for subsequent geochemical studies. Pyrolysis-FID/-gc provides the most comprehensive means for screening in both laboratory and well-site situations. For detailed geochemical analysis, pyrolysis-gc is the most versatile technique, providing both quantitative and qualitative ways to identify kerogen type, classify bitumens, and recognize contamination.
[Detection and identification of host cell antigens in the composition of influenza B virus]. (1987)

Two heterogeneous antigens, Forssman antigen and an antigen similar to human group A antigen, were detected by enzyme-immunoassay in cells of normal chick embryo CAMN and MDCK culture (dog kidney). Both these antigens were associated with purified influenza B virus preparations reproduced in these cultures since the variants under study actively reacted with antibodies both to Forssman antigen and to human A antigen. Serological differences between the variants grown in different cell systems were due to the presence in their composition of the species-specific cell component typical either of chick embryo tissues or MDCK cultures, since the viruses of chicken origin contained the specific cell antigen CAMN, whereas the same viruses grown in MDCK did not contain it but had the specific activity for dog kidney cells. The virus-specific activity of the variants under study showed no significant differences in relation to host cells.
A NEW MARKETING SEGMENTATION APPROACH BASED ON MARGINAL INDIVIDUAL UTILITIES: APPLYING CRM IS NOT A CHIMERA ANYMORE * (2006)

IVIE working papers offer in advance the results of economic research under way in order to encourage a discussion process before sending them to scientific journals for their final publication.