gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Arsenic by Bead Cellulose Loaded with Iron Oxyhydroxide from Groundwater (2005)

A new adsorbent, bead cellulose loaded with iron oxyhydroxide (BCF), was prepared and applied for the adsorption and removal of arsenate and arsenite from aqueous systems. The continuing loading process of Fe in the cellulose beads was realized through hydrolization of ferric salts when alkaline solution was added dropwise. Spherical BCF had excellent mechanical and hydraulic properties. Akaganeite (beta-FeOOH), the reactive center of BCF that was stably loaded into the cellulose, had a high sensitivity to arsenite as well as arsenate. The maximum content of Fe in BCF reached 50% (w/w). In this study we investigated the adsorption behavior of arsenite and arsenate on BCF, including adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, the influence of pH and competing anions on adsorption, and column experiments. The adsorption data accorded with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption capacity for arsenite and arsenate was 99.6 and 33.2 mg/g BCF at pH 7.0 with an Fe content of 220 mg/ mL. Kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order reaction model. Arsenate elimination was favored at acidic pH, whereas the adsorption of arsenite by BCF was found to be effective in a wide pH range of 5-11. Under the experimental conditions, the addition of sulfate had no effect on arsenic adsorption, whereas phosphate greatly influenced the elimination of both arsenite and aresenate. Silicate moderately decreased the adsorption of arsenite, but not arsenate. Both batch experiments and column experiments indicated that BCF had higher removal efficiency for arsenite than for arsenate. While the influent contaminant concentration was 500 microg/L in groundwater and the empty-bed contact time (EBCT) for arsenite and arsenate was 4.2 and 5.9 min, breakthrough empty-bed volumes at the WHO provisional guideline value of 10 microg/L were 2200 and 5000, respectively. BCF can be effectively regenerated when elution is done with 2 M NaOH solution. The column experiments for four cycles showed that stable and high removal efficiency of arsenic was sustained by BCF after regeneration.
Investigation of Dimensional Accuracy/Mechanical Properties of Part Produced by Selective Laser Sintering (2012)

Selective laser sintering (SLS) process has the potential to become one of the most useful additive manufacturing techniques in coming few years, because it has potential to easily produced complex shapes. Use of this process becomes more extensive, with the main advantages being a wide range of build materials available. So SLS can accommodate multiple applications throughout the manufacture process. It comes early with three main applications: conceptual models, functional prototypes, and pattern masters. Since then they have been added with an extra module, which incorporates rapid tooling. Only disadvantage of SLS process that it is both time consuming and expensive when a new material comes into use. In this paper we will investigate the effect of part placement (X and Y direction) in the build on the dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of part produced by this SLS process.
On the collective classification of email "speech acts" (2005)

We consider classification of email messages as to whether or not they contain certain "email acts", such as a request or a commitment. We show that exploiting the sequential correlation among email messages in the same thread can improve email-act classification. More specifically, we describe a new text-classification algorithm based on a dependency-network based collective classification method, in which the local classifiers are maximum entropy models based on words and certain relational features. We show that statistically significant improvements over a bag-of-words baseline classifier can be obtained for some, but not all, email-act classes. Performance improvements obtained by collective classification appears to be consistent across many email acts suggested by prior speech-act theory.
On-chip actuation of an in-plane compliant bistable micromechanism (2002)

A compliant bistable micromechanism has been developed which can be switched in either direction using on-chip thermal actuation. The energy storage and bistable behavior of the mechanism is achieved through the elastic deflection of compliant segments. The Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model was used for the compliant mechanism design, and for analysis of the large deflection flexible segments. To achieve on-chip actuation, the mechanism design was optimized to allow it to be switched using linear motion thermal actuators. The modeling theory and analysis are presented for three design iterations, with two iterations fabricated in the MUMP's process and the third in the SUMMiT process.
Feedback Driven High Level Synthesis for Performance Optimization (2006)

We propose a high level synthesis design flow in order to improve the circuit performance once the placement phase is done. We use a high level synthesis system known as automatic design instantiation (AUDI) to generate a register-transfer level (RTL) netlist. This netlist is then given to a Xilinx CAD tool for physical synthesis. Instead of routing the design right after the placement phase, we make use of the estimated interconnect delay, generate a guidance and give it to the high level synthesis system. The guidance consists of estimated timing information as well as instructions for producing a new netlist to improve the circuit performance. The design is finally routed on a satisfying design. This performance-driven high level synthesis framework yields significantly better results as compared with designs generated by a plain top-down design flow.
A new iterative solver for the time-harmonic wave equation (2006)

Abstract The time-harmonic wave equation, also known as the Helmholtz equation, is obtained if the constant-density acoustic wave equation is transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain. Its discretization results in a large, sparse, linear system of equations. In two dimensions, this system can be solved efficiently by a direct method. In three dimensions, direct methods cannot be used for problems of practical sizes because the computational time and the amount of memory required become too large. Iterative methods are an alternative. These methods are often based on a conjugate gradient iterative scheme with a preconditioner that accelerates its convergence. The iterative solution of the time-harmonic wave equation has long been a notoriously difficult problem in numerical analysis. Recently, a new preconditioner based on a strongly damped wave equation has heralded a breakthrough. The solution of the linear system associated with the preconditioner is approximated by another iterative method, the multigrid method. The multigrid method fails for the original wave equation but performs well on the damped version. The performance of the new iterative solver is investigated on a number of 2D test problems. The results suggest that the number of required iterations increases linearly with frequency, even for a strongly heterogeneous model where earlier iterative schemes fail to converge. Complexity analysis shows that the new iterative solver is still slower than a time-domain solver to generate a full time series. We compare the time-domain numeric results obtained using the new iterative solver with those using the direct solver and conclude that they agree very well quantitatively. The new iterative solver can be applied straightforwardly to 3D problems.
End-hall thrusters (1990)

The end-Hall thruster can provide electric propulsion with fixed masses, specific impulses, and power-to-thrust ratios intermediate of an arcjet and a gridded (electrostatic) ion thruster. With these characteristics, this thruster is a candidate for missions of intermediate difficulty, such as the north-south stationkeeping of geostationary satellites.
Integrated Access Point Placement and Channel Assignment for Wireless LANs in an Indoor Office Environment (2007)

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is currently among the most important technologies for wireless broadband access. The IEEE 802.11 technology is attractive for its maturity and low equipment costs. The overall performance of a specific WLAN installation is largely determined by the network layout and the radio channels used. Optimizing these design parameters can greatly improve performance. In this paper, access point (AP) placement and channel assignment are optimized using mathematical programming. Traditionally, these decisions are taken sequentially; AP placement is often modeled as a facility location problem, channel assignment as an (extended) graph coloring problem. Treating these key decisions separately may lead to suboptimal designs. We propose an integrated model that addresses both aspects simultaneously and thereby balances the two optimization objectives. Computational results show that indeed the integrated approach is superior to the sequential one.
Optical fiber properties for long-haul transmission (2002)

This paper addresses a number of enabling fiber properties for long-haul WDM transmission, including dispersion, dispersion slope, Raman gain efficiency, and polarization mode dispersion (PMD).
A Novel Delay Fault Testing Methodology Using Low-Overhead Built-In Delay Sensor (2006)

A novel integrated approach for delay-fault testing in external (automatic-test-equipment-based) and test-per-scan built-in self-test (BIST) using on-die delay sensing and test point insertion is proposed. A robust, low-overhead, and process-tolerant on-chip delay-sensing circuit is designed for this purpose. An algorithm is also developed to judiciously insert delay-sensor circuits at the internal nodes of logic blocks for improving delay-fault coverage with little or no impact on the critical-path delay. The proposed delay-fault testing approach is verified for transition- and segment-delay-fault models. Experimental results for external testing (BIST) show up to 31% (30%) improvement in fault coverage and up to 67.5% (85.5%) reduction in test length for transition faults. An increase in the number of robustly detectable critical-path segments of up to 54% and a reduction in test length for the segment-delay-fault model of up to 76% were also observed. The delay and area overhead due to insertion of the delay-sensing hardware have been limited to 2% and 4%, respectively
A Regioselective Synthesis of 3-Isoprenyl-4-Hydroxycoumarins (1992)

Abstract The dianion of ethyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanoate can be regioselectively alkylated with isoprenyl bromides to give, after hydrolytic work-up, the corresponding 3-substituted-4-hydroxycoumarins.
An all-dielectric tunable optical filter based on the thermo-optic effect (2004)

A MEMS based, thermally tunable optical filter, hybridly assembled with a fibre based input/output, is presented. The filter is based on a Fabry?Perot interferometer employing a silicon cavity and silicon based dielectric Bragg reflectors and is fabricated as a free-standing membrane. The filter membrane is fixed to the substrate through micromachined suspension arms, which act as a thermal isolation. Wavelength tuning is achieved through thermal modulation of the cavity's optical thickness using thin film resistors. The filter characteristics measured were a full width at half-maximum value (FWHM) of 1.19?nm at a wavelength of 1530?nm and a finesse exceeding?1000. The tuning efficiency of a single-cavity filter with Bragg mirrors based on silicon nitride and silicon dioxide was measured to be 51.9?pm?K?1. Measurements of static and transient electrothermal behaviour were performed on filter membranes, resulting in maximum temperatures of 700??C and thermal time constants of 5.14?ms. The assembly technique relied on the alignment of optical fibres with the filter array using a novel silicon optical bench approach.
Properties of Die Bond Alloys Relating to Thermal Fatigue (1979)

The differing performances of hard soldered and soft soldered power devices under cycling stresses are well understood. Hard soldered dice are often under considerable stress and may even fracture in extreme cases, but the solder itself does not degrade by fatigue after many temperature cycles. This behavior is due to the very high mechanical strengths of the hard solders between -55 and 150°C. On the other hand, soft solders transmit very little stress to the die but exhibit considerable degradation from thermal fatigue during temperature or power cycling. Both behaviors are related to the very low mechanical strengths and high ductilities of the soft solders. In this study the mechanical properties of the eutectic hard solders, Au-Sn, Au-Ge, and Au-Si, and two common soft solders, Pb-5%Sn and Sn-3.5%Ag-l.5%Sb, have been measured between -55 and 200°C. Several physical properties were also measured. An ahoy was then developed with mechanical properties intermediate to those of hard and soft solders and with a power cycling performance that approaches that of the Au eutectics. A model is presented which relates the fatigue behavior of hard, soft, and intermediate solders to their mechanical properties.
Quantitation of Important Roast-Smelling Odorants in Popcorn by Stable Isotope Dilution Assays and Model Studies on Flavor Formation during Popping (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitation of Important Roast-Smelling Odorants in Popcorn by Stable Isotope Dilution Assays and Model Studies on Flavor Formation during PoppingPeter SchieberleCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 9, 2442–2448Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00057a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00057a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views714Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speed control effect study on optical illusion decelaration markings (2013)

The optical illusion deceleration marking is one of the commonly used speed control measures. In this research, the authors analyzed operating speed and trajectory of motor vehicle at intersection where optical illusion deceleration marking is installed. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation on effect of optical illusion deceleration marking is conducted. Results showed that optical illusion deceleration marking would help to reduce operating speed and average speed by 5-10km/h, to regulate motorcycle driver behavior, and to reduce speed difference, so that driving safety is ensured. Optical illusion deceleration marking is suitable for accident prone road sections on two-lane highways which main vehicle types are passenger car and motorcycle.
Electrostatic Localization of RNA to Protocell Membranes by Cationic Hydrophobic Peptides (2015)

Cooperative interactions between RNA and vesicle membranes on the prebiotic earth may have led to the emergence of primitive cells. The membrane surface offers a potential platform for the catalysis of reactions involving RNA, but this scenario relies upon the existence of a simple mechanism by which RNA could become associated with protocell membranes. Here, we show that electrostatic interactions provided by short, basic, amphipathic peptides can be harnessed to drive RNA binding to both zwitterionic phospholipid and anionic fatty acid membranes. We show that the association of cationic molecules with phospholipid vesicles can enhance the local positive charge on a membrane and attract RNA polynucleotides. This phenomenon can be reproduced with amphipathic peptides as short as three amino acids. Finally, we show that peptides can cross bilayer membranes to localize encapsulated RNA. This mechanism of polynucleotide confinement could have been important for primitive cellular evolution.
A new air-stable zinc complex based on a 1,2-phenylene-diimino-2-cyanoacrylate ligand as an efficient catalyst of the epoxide–CO<sub>2</sub>coupling (2013)

A novel zinc complex based on a diethyl 1,2-phenylene-diimino-2-cyanoacrylate ligand is a very efficient catalyst in the conversion of epoxides with CO2 to organic carbonates, in the case of propylene carbonate also under mild reaction conditions. Using cyclohexene oxide leads to the formation of alternating aliphatic polycarbonates in good yields.
From an ebXML BPSS choreography to a BPEL-based implementation (2004)

ebXML and Web Services are two well accepted technologies to implement business collaborations. In this paper we concentrate on the choreography of business collaborations. The corresponding standards of ebXML and Web Services are BPSS and BPEL, respectively. We present when and why we need to transform between these two standards. For the transformation we examine the difference between them. Furthermore, we suggest guidelines for a transformation from BPSS to BPEL.
Utilizing Semantic Knowledge for Access Control in Pervasive and Ubiquitous Systems (2008)

Controlling access in pervasive environments is crucial and a significant challenge because users and devices can connect from anywhere which results in users and resources becoming available at any point of time and location depending on the situation. Access control policies for this type of environment are required to conform to high-level business notions. In pervasive environments, these high-level notions refer to contexts of the situation which can change unpredictably and must be interpreted semantically to maintain proper access control. Therefore, it is necessary to have a formal representation that represents semantics of the contexts, reflects the change of the situation, and can be shared and understood by a policy system. This paper addresses these issues by introducing a context management system that uses a semantic web approach as an underlying mechanism to model and represent semantics of the contexts. The system stores current contexts in a semantic knowledge base which is used by a semantic access control system in order to form access control policies and evaluate policies at run time. The approach is validated through a proof of concept implementation that includes performance results of the context management system as it responds to a change of the situation.
Value conflicts and social choice in electronic funds transfer system developments (1978)

During the last few years, computer-based systems which automate the transfer and recording of debits and credits have begun to be implemented on a large scale. These systems promise both financial benefits for the institutions that use them and potential conveniences to their customers. However, they also raise significant social, legal, and technical questions that must be resolved if full scale systems for Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) are not to cause more problems for the larger public than they solve. This paper examines the incentives for EFT developments and the social problems they raise in the context of conflicts between five different value positions that are often implicit in analyses of proposed EFT arrangements. These conflicts reflect the relative importance of certain problems for specific groups. The value positions implicit in EFT proposals help to organize analyses of market arrangements, system reliability, and privacy of transactions. These topics are analyzed in this article and related to the value positions held by concerned parties. Last, the ways in which the public can learn about the social qualities of different EFT arrangements and the pace of EFT developments are both discussed in the context of social choice.
Large-Area Thin-Film Free-Standing Monocrystalline Si Solar Cells by Layer Transfer (2006)

This paper describes our progress achieved in thin-film free-standing monocrystalline silicon (FMS) solar cells by layer transfer process using porous silicon. The highest cell efficiency achieved for a 1times1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> FMS solar cell is 13.5% with an open circuit voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> =612 mV, current density J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc </sub> =28.9 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and fill factor of FF=76.7%. In the effort of scaling-up of the cell area, the lift-off process was adapted to 10times10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> substrates. The large-area epilayers from APCVD and LPCVD, respectively, were successfully processed into FMS solar cells, giving the best efficiency of 11.4% for the APCVD-FMS cell with an area of 11.1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Detailed study by quantum efficiency measurements, combined with SEM, revealed that the enhanced internal quantum efficiency and reflectance in the spectral range of lambda>825 nm for the APCVD-FMS cell can be attributed to the internal light reflection from the well-defined interface between the epilayer and the sintered porous, or quasi-monocrystalline silicon (QMS) layer
Surface from Scattered Points: A Brief Survey of Recent Developments (2005)

The paper delivers a brief overview of recent developments in\nthe field of surface reconstruction from scattered point data.\nThe focus is on computational geometry methods, implicit surface\ninterpolation techniques, and shape learning approaches.
Power reduction through adaptive data compression in Network-on-Chip architectures (2009)

In this paper we present an adaptive compression technique that reduce the power consumption when compare to the compressed and original uncompressed data. We adapt a compression method by distances between transmitter and receiver. We show that compressing data for all of the distances is not useful. Experimental results indicate that our approach save power consumption as much as 24%. We also add encoding approach to compressor, to achieve both bit and transition reduction. Experimental results show that by using coder and decoder and adapting part, power saving can reach up to 30%.
NOX5 as a therapeutic target in cerebral ischemic injury (2019)

In this issue of the JCI, Casas et al. define a previously unknown role of the NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit NOX5 in cerebral infarction. Using a mouse expressing human NOX5 in the endothelium, the investigators show that NOX5 is activated and plays a deleterious role in promoting edema, infarction, and ultimately, worsened neurological function following cerebral ischemia. They provide evidence that this is due to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and that a unique pharmacological inhibitor of NOX5, ML090, if given early, around the time of reoxygenation, can maintain BBB integrity. Future studies of NOX5 inhibition in humans, particularly in the setting of thrombolysis, are warranted.