gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinopathy and Survival in a Population without Diabetes: The Beaver Dam Eye Study (2007)

Retinopathy is relatively common in nondiabetic populations, and its long-term prognostic implications are not certain. For this reason, the authors hypothesized that retinal alterations were associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in nondiabetic individuals participating in the Beaver Dam Eye Study in Wisconsin. Included in the analysis were 4,294 nondiabetic subjects aged 43-84 years examined at baseline (1988-1990). Retinopathy was classified into four groups by using retinal photographs: 1) no retinopathy, 2) presence of retinal hemorrhages only, 3) presence of retinal microaneurysms only, and 4) presence of moderate or worse retinopathy. The authors analyzed survival during 14 years of follow-up and in 5-year intervals by using time-varying covariates. Baseline prevalence of retinopathy was 7.7%. Adjusting for age, sex, and significant confounders, they observed that moderate retinopathy at baseline was associated with all-cause (hazard ratio = 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.16, 2.69) and ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio = 3.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.73, 5.78) mortality after 14 years of follow-up. In the 5-year-interval analysis, the presence of hemorrhages only was significantly related to increased all-cause (hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 2.12) and ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio = 2.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.48, 4.01) mortality. Study results suggest that retinal changes have possible prognostic implications regarding survival of persons without diabetes.
Soldered Piezoelectric Transducer Acoustic-Wave Components (1975)

Presented are results obtained from acoustic-wave components and devices employing "soldered piezoelectric transducer" technology and operating in the VHF and UHF bands. Based upon the intermetallic diffusion of two layers of indium, deposited beforehand on both the propagation substrate and the piezoelectric transducer, that technology makes it possible to produce transducers having high conversion efficiency. Three types of acoustic components that employ the "SPT" technology are described : dispersive Love-wave delay lines, S-band bulk-wave delay lines and X-band bulk-wave delay lines. In addition, details and results are given regarding oscillators and opto-acoustic deflectors and modulators built using those components.
Lycopene and Vascular Health (2018)

Lycopene is a lipophilic, unsaturated carotenoid, found in red-colored fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, watermelon, papaya, red grapefruits, and guava. The present work provides an up to date overview of mechanisms linking lycopene in the human diet and vascular changes, considering epidemiological data, clinical studies, and experimental data. Lycopene may improve vascular function and contributes to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disorders. The main activity profile of lycopene includes antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, anti-apoptotic, and protective endothelial effects, the ability to improve the metabolic profile, and reduce arterial stiffness. In this context, lycopene has been shown in numerous studies to exert a favorable effect in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, stroke and several other cardiovascular disorders, although the obtained results are sometimes inconsistent, which warrants further studies focusing on its bioactivity.
Olfactory ensheathing cells genetically modified to secrete GDNF to promote spinal cord repair (2003)

Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation has emerged as a very promising therapy for spinal cord repair. In this study, we tested the ability of genetically modified OECs to secrete high levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to promote spinal cord repair. The GDNF gene was transduced into OECs using a retroviral-based system. The engineered OECs were first characterized by their ability to express and secrete biologically active GDNF in vitro. After implantation into the spinal cord of adult rats with complete spinal cord transection, OEC survival and GDNF production were examined. The locomotor functions of animals were assessed and axon regeneration was evaluated at the morphological level. To our knowledge, we report for the first time that the genetically modified OECs are capable of producing GDNF in vivo to significantly improve recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). This work combined the outgrowth-promoting property of OECs with the neuroprotective effects of the additionally overexpressed neurotrophic factors and opens new avenues for the treatment of SCI.
Causal discovery for linear cyclic models with latent variables (2010)

We consider the problem of identifying the causal relationships among a set of variables in the presence of both feedback loops and unmeasured confounders. This is a challenging task which, for full identification, typically requires the use of randomized experiments. For linear systems, Eberhardt et al (2010) recently provided a procedure for integrating data from several experiments, and gave a corresponding, but demanding, identifiability condition. In this paper we (i) characterize the underdetermination of the model when the identifiability condition is not fully satisfied, (ii) show that their algorithm is complete with regard to the search space and the assumptions, and (iii) extend the procedure to incorporate the common assumption of faithfulness, and any prior knowledge. The resulting method typically resolves much additional structure and often yields full identification with many fewer experiments. We demonstrate our procedure using simulated data, and apply it to the protein signaling dataset of Sachs et al (2005). 1
Electrochemical microsensor with in-situ fabricated Ag/AgCl reference electrode for high-pressure microfluidics (2017)

Electroanalysis offers cheap and selective analysis of interesting solutions. However, one of the most common drawbacks is the accessibility for electrochemical sensing. By using high-pressure microfluidics with an integrated three-electrode system, new possibilities open for increased accessibility. Therefore, there is a need to fabricate sustainable reference surfaces into highly pressure tolerant microchannels. In this thesis, Ag/AgCl reference surfaces were in-situ fabricated in high-pressure microfluidic chips. This was performed by electroplating Ag on thin film Pt in microchannels and then chlorinating the silver into Ag/AgCl. Electroanalysis of ferrocyanide was carried out in a microfluidic chip using one of the in-situ fabricated Ag/AgCl references. The half-wave potential showed to be around +251 mV and the electrochemical water window was measured to 1400 mV with a range between -300 mV and +1100 mV. The obtained values show to be comparable to reference data of similar experiments performed elsewhere. For some applications of electrochemistry, a catalysis surface is beneficial. Nanoporous Pt black has proved to generate high catalytic performance in electrochemistry. Therefore, attempts have been carried out to fabricate Pt black onto Pt thin films, with the vision to succeed with such fabrication within microfluidic channels. To summarize, this project work has showed a possibility to in-situ fabricate Ag/AgCl reference surfaces. The project has also showed how to use such surfaces as reference electrodes for electroanalysis in high-pressure microfluidic chips. Lastly, new challenges and ideas to fabricate catalysis surfaces on thin film electrodes in flow channels have been presented. By this thesis, one more step has been taken to increase the accessibility for electroanalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Perhaloalkanesulfonyl Halides and Their Sulfonimide Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A 10 Gb/s CMOS clock and data recovery circuit with frequency detection (2002)

A 10 Gb/s phase-locked clock and data recovery circuit incorporates a multiphase LC oscillator and a half-rate phase/frequency detector with automatic data retiming. In 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the circuit exhibits 1.43 GHz capture range and 0.8 ps rms jitter with length 2/sup 23/ PRBS. The power dissipation is 91 mW from a 1.8 V supply.
Magnetic Resonance Metabolic Profiling of Breast Cancer Tissue Obtained with Core Needle Biopsy for Predicting Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (2013)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether metabolic profiling of core needle biopsy (CNB) samples using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could be used for predicting pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. After institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained, CNB tissue samples were collected from 37 malignant lesions in 37 patients before NAC treatment. The metabolic profiling of CNB samples were performed by HR-MAS MRS. Metabolic profiles were compared according to pathologic response to NAC using the Mann-Whitney test. Multivariate analysis was performed with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Various metabolites including choline-containing compounds were identified and quantified by HR-MAS MRS in all 37 breast cancer tissue samples obtained by CNB. In univariate analysis, the metabolite concentrations and metabolic ratios of CNB samples obtained with HR-MAS MRS were not significantly different between different pathologic response groups. However, there was a trend of lower levels of phosphocholine/creatine ratio and choline-containing metabolite concentrations in the pathologic complete response group compared to the non-pathologic complete response group. In multivariate analysis, the OPLS-DA models built with HR-MAS MR metabolic profiles showed visible discrimination between the pathologic response groups. This study showed OPLS-
Recent development of two-photon fluorescent probes for bioimaging (2014)

Fluorescent probes are essential tools for studying biological systems. The last decade has witnessed particular interest in the development of two-photon excitable probes, owing to their advantageous features in tissue imaging compared to the corresponding one-photon probes. This review summarizes various types of two-photon probes that have been applied to bioimaging, categorized by the principles in the probe design and the target analytes, which would provide a basis for the future development of novel two-photon probes for tackling important biological issues.
PDMS–glass hybrid microreactor array with embedded temperature control device. Application to cell-free protein synthesis (2002)

A microreactor array was developed which enables high-throughput cell-free protein synthesis. The microreactor array is composed of a temperature control chip and a reaction chamber chip. The temperature control chip is a glass-made chip on which temperature control devices, heaters and temperature sensors, are fabricated with an ITO (indium tin oxide) resistive material. The reaction chamber chip is fabricated by micromolding of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), and is designed to have an array of reaction chambers and flow channels for liquid introduction. The microreactor array is assembled by placing the reaction chamber chip on the temperature control chip. The small thermal mass of the reaction chamber resulted in a short thermal time constant of 170 ms for heating and 3 s for cooling. The performance of the microreactor array was examined through the experiments of cell-free protein synthesis. By measuring the fluorescence emission from the products, it was confirmed that GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) and BFP (Blue Fluorescent Protein) were successfully synthesized using Escherichia coli extract.
Omega-3 fatty acids, pro-inflammatory signaling and neuroprotection (2007)

Here, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that in brain ischemia-reperfusion and in retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to oxidative stress stereospecific docosahexaenoate-oxygenation pathways are activated and lead to the formation of docosanoid messengers. Two docosahexaenoate-oxygenation pathways were identified: the first is responsible for the formation of the messenger neuroprotectin D1 and the second pathway, which is active in the presence of aspirin, leads to the formation of the resolvin-type mediators (17R-DHA). Neuroprotectin D1 induces antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory signaling and is neuroprotective.
Two Universally Conserved Adenosines of the Group I Intron That Are Important for Self-Splicing but Not for Core Catalytic Activity1 (1994)

Two adenosine residues, universally conserved among group I introns, are located in the L4 region of the catalytic core. Base-substitution mutations in these adenosines resulted in diminished in vitro self-splicing activity of the Tetrahymena group I intron, more severely for double than for single mutations. The defect caused by the mutation of the L4 adenosines was manifest at the first step of splicing (cleavage of the 5' splice site by a guanosine molecule), and could be overcome by increasing the magnesium ion concentration of the reaction buffer. In contrast, a related activity of the group I intron, specific hydrolysis of the 3' splice site, was virtually unaffected by the L4 adenosine mutations; this reaction must require an active conformation of the catalytic site of the ribozyme and also depends on the recognition of guanosine (the guanosine residue that precedes the 3' splice site in all group I introns). These results suggest that the role of the L4 adenosines is limited to improving the reactivity of the 5' splice site during splicing. We also found that mutations that eliminate the 5' splice site-bearing P1 stem and the P10 stem have little or no effect on specific hydrolysis of the 3' splice site.
Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases (2017)

Prevention of food spoilage and food poisoning pathogens is usually achieved by use of chemical preservatives which have negative impacts including: human health hazards of the chemical applications, chemical residues in food & feed chains and acquisition of microbial resistance to the used chemicals. Because of such concerns, the necessity to find a potentially effective, healthy safer and natural alternative preservatives is increased. Within these texts, Plant extracts have been used to control food poisoning diseases and preserve foodstuff. Antimicrobial activity of five plant extracts were investigated against <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Salmonella typhi</i> using agar disc diffusion technique. Ethanolic extracts of <i>Punica granatum, Syzygium aromaticum</i>, <i>Zingiber officinales</i> and <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> were potentially effective with variable efficiency against the tested bacterial strains at concentration of 10 mg/ml while extract of <i>Cuminum cyminum</i> was only effective against <i>S. aureus</i> respectively. <i>P. granatum</i> and <i>S. aromaticum</i> ethanolic extracts were the most effective plant extracts and showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against the highly susceptible strains of food borne pathogenic bacteria (<i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>) with MIC's ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/ml and MBC of 5.0 and 10 mg/ml except <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> which was less sensitive and its MBC reached to 12.5 mg/ml of <i>S. aromaticum</i> respectively. These plant extracts which proved to be potentially effective can be used as natural alternative preventives to control food poisoning diseases and preserve food stuff avoiding healthy hazards of chemically antimicrobial agent applications.
Identification and Characterization of a Cell-Surface Receptor, P2Y15, for AMP and Adenosine (2004)

AMP and adenosine are found in all cell types and can be released by cells or created extracellularly from the breakdown of ATP and ADP. We have identified an orphan G protein-coupled receptor with homology to the P2Y family of nucleotide receptors that can respond to both AMP and adenosine. Based on its ability to functionally bind the nucleotide AMP, we have named it P2Y15. Upon stimulation, P2Y15 induces both Ca2+ mobilization and cyclic AMP generation, suggesting coupling to at least two different G proteins. It is highly expressed in mast cells and is found predominantly in the tissues of the respiratory tract and kidneys, which are known to be affected by AMP, adenosine, and adenosine antagonists. Until now, the effects of AMP have been thought to depend on its dephosphorylation to adenosine but we demonstrate here that P2Y15 is a bona fide AMP receptor by showing that it binds [(32)P]AMP. Because AMP and adenosine have bronchoconstrictive effects that can be inhibited by theophylline, we tested whether theophylline and other adenosine receptor antagonists can block P2Y15. We found inhibition at a theophylline concentration well within the therapeutic dose range, indicating that P2Y15 may be a clinically important target of this drug.
The pluripotency homeobox gene <i>NANOG</i> is expressed in human germ cell tumors (2005)

NANOG expression in germline stem cells (gonocytes), CIS, embryonal carcinoma, and seminoma reveals a molecular and developmental link between germ cell tumors and the embryonic cells from which they arise. Identification of NANOG as a molecular marker of undifferentiated germ cell tumors provides a novel tool for identifying and classifying tumors of germ cell origin.
Laser anemometer signals: visibility characteristics and application to particle sizing (1977)

The signal visibility characteristics of a dual beam laser anemometer operated in a backscatter mode have been investigated both experimentally and analytically. The analysis is based on Mie's electromagnetic scattering theory for spherical particles and is exact within the limitations of the scattering theory. It is shown that the signal visibility is a function of the ratio of the particle diameter to the fringe spacing in a certain, restricted case; but more generally it also depends on the Mie scattering size parameter, refractive index, the illuminating beam polarization, and the size, shape, and location of the light collecting aperture. The character of backscatter signal visibility differs significantly from the forward scatter case, and it is concluded that backscatter measurements of particle diameters using the visibility sizing technique may not always be possible. Restrictions on the forward scatter application of the visibility sizing method are also discussed.
Toll-Like Receptor-2 Mediates Inflammation and Matrix Degradation in Human Atherosclerosis (2009)

Background— Inflammation and matrix degradation are the hallmarks of high-risk atherosclerosis that leads to myocardial infarction and stroke. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), key players in innate immunity, are upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions, but their functional role in human atherosclerosis is unknown. We explored the effects of blocking TLR-2, TLR-4, and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), a signaling adaptor shared by most TLRs and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), in an in vitro model of human atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— Carotid endarterectomies were obtained from patients with symptomatic carotid disease. Cells were isolated via enzymatic tissue dissociation and cultured in the presence or absence of TLR signaling blockers. A dominant-negative form of MyD88 (MyD88 DN ) decreased the production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CCL2 ( P =0.000), IL-8/CXCL8 ( P =0.006), IL-6 ( P =0.002), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1; P =0.002), and MMP-3 ( P =0.000), as well as nuclear factor-κB activation ( P <0.05) in atheroma cell cultures. IL-1R antagonist, TLR-4 blocking antibodies, or overexpression of a dominant-negative form of the TLR-4 signaling adaptor TRIF-related adaptor molecule reduced nuclear factor-κB activity but did not have a broad impact on the production of the mediators studied. In contrast, TLR-2 neutralizing antibodies inhibited nuclear factor-κB activation ( P <0.05) and significantly reduced monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CCL2 ( P =0.000), IL-8/CXCL8 ( P =0.009), IL-6 ( P =0.000), and MMP-1 ( P =0.000), MMP-2 ( P =0.004), MMP-3 ( P =0.000), and MMP-9 ( P =0.006) production. Conclusions— Our data indicate that TLR-2 signaling through MyD88 plays a predominant role in inflammation and matrix degradation in human atherosclerosis. TLR-2 blockade may represent a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis and its complications.
Compact Dual-Band Three-Way Metamaterial Power-Divider with a Hybrid CRLH Phase-Shift Line (2014)

A compact dual-band three-way metamaterial power divider is proposed that has three in-phase outputs. Fully printed composite rightand left-handed (CRLH) unequal and equal power dividers are first implemented for 900-MHz and 2.4-GHz bands with the power-division ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, respectively. An initial 1:1:1 power divider is then achieved by incorporating the input of the two-way equal block into an output of the unequal block, and trimming the interconnection parameters. The condition of an identical phase at the three outputs of the power divider is then met by devising a hybrid CRLH phase-shift line to compensate for the different phase errors at the two frequencies. This scheme is confirmed by predicting the performance of the power divider with circuit analysis and full-wave simulation and measuring the fabricated prototype. They results show agreement; the in-phase outputs as well as the desirable power-division are accomplished and outdo the conventional techniques.
Lithium Intercalation and Deintercalation Reactions in Synthetic Graphite Containing a High Dispersion of SnO (1999)

10.1149/1.1390991
Multi-Task Learning for Abstractive and Extractive Summarization (2019)

The abstractive method and extractive method are two main approaches for automatic document summarization. In this paper, to fully integrate the relatedness and advantages of both approaches, we propose a general unified framework for abstractive summarization which incorporates extractive summarization as an auxiliary task. In particular, our framework is composed of a shared hierarchical document encoder, a hierarchical attention mechanism-based decoder, and an extractor. We adopt multi-task learning method to train these two tasks jointly, which enables the shared encoder to better capture the semantics of the document. Moreover, as our main task is abstractive summarization, we constrain the attention learned in the abstractive task with the labels of the extractive task to strengthen the consistency between the two tasks. Experiments on the CNN/DailyMail dataset demonstrate that both the auxiliary task and the attention constraint contribute to improve the performance significantly, and our model is comparable to the state-of-the-art abstractive models. In addition, we cut half number of labels of the extractive task, pretrain the extractor, and jointly train the two tasks using the estimated sentence salience of the extractive task to constrain the attention of the abstractive task. The results do not decrease much compared with using full-labeled data of the auxiliary task.