gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Procedures, Results, and Benefits of Detailed Fracture Treatment Analysis (1981)

ABSTRACT Significant progress has been made in the last two to three years regarding massive hydraulic fracture treatment design and evaluation. Much of the progress stems from new techniques for analyzing downhole treating pressures and fracture heights. This paper presents the results of fracture treatment tests on two wells in a tight formation gas play. It gives procedures used for closure stress tests, fluid leak-off tests, and fracture treatment design. It also presents results of МНF treatment analysis to determine fracture length, height, and, in one well, reason for a screenout. The test results on the two wells showed both to have several hundred feet of fracture growth, probably below the perforated zone. This growth, identified by pressure response, was not detectable from post-fracturing temperature surveys. The techniques outlined in this study can be used to reduce treatment screenouts and increase treatment effectiveness in future stimulations.
Bandwidth Efficient Video Multicasting in Multiradio Multicellular Wireless Networks (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new mechanism to select the cells and the wireless technologies for layer-encoded video multicasting in the heterogeneous wireless networks. Different from the previous mechanisms, each mobile host in our mechanism can select a different cell with a different wireless technology to subscribe each layer of a video stream, and each cell can deliver only a subset of layers of the video stream to reduce the bandwidth consumption. We formulate the Cell and Technology Selection Problem (CTSP) to multicast each layer of a video stream as an optimization problem. We use Integer Linear Programming to model the problem and show that the problem is NP-hard. To solve the problem, we propose a distributed algorithm based on Lagrangean relaxation and a protocol based on the proposed algorithm. Our mechanism requires no change of the current video multicasting mechanisms and the current wireless network infrastructures. Our algorithm is adaptive not only to the change of the subscribers at each layer, but also the change of the locations of each mobile host.
Conditional TRF1 knockout in the hematopoietic compartment leads to bone marrow failure and recapitulates clinical features of dyskeratosis congenita (2012)

TRF1 is part of the shelterin complex, which binds telomeres and it is essential for their protection. Ablation of TRF1 induces sister telomere fusions and aberrant numbers of telomeric signals associated with telomere fragility. Dyskeratosis congenita is characterized by a mucocutaneous triad, bone marrow failure (BMF), and presence of short telomeres because of mutations in telomerase. A subset of patients, however, show mutations in the shelterin component TIN2, a TRF1-interacting protein, presenting a more severe phenotype and presence of very short telomeres despite normal telomerase activity. Allelic variations in TRF1 have been found associated with BMF. To address a possible role for TRF1 dysfunction in BMF, here we generated a mouse model with conditional TRF1 deletion in the hematopoietic system. Chronic TRF1 deletion results in increased DNA damage and cellular senescence, but not increased apoptosis, in BM progenitor cells, leading to severe aplasia. Importantly, increased compensatory proliferation of BM stem cells is associated with rapid telomere shortening and further increase in senescent cells in vivo, providing a mechanism for the very short telomeres of human patients with mutations in the shelterin TIN2. Together, these results represent proof of principle that mutations in TRF1 lead to the main clinical features of BMF.
Robust intensity‐modulated proton therapy to reduce high linear energy transfer in organs at risk (2017)

Explicitly considering LET in IMPT robust treatment planning can reduce the high LET to OARs and minimize the possible toxicity of high RBE dose to OARs without sacrificing plan quality. We believe this will allow one to design and deliver safer proton therapy.
Quantitative mapping of species moving in solution by x-ray projection microscopy (1997)

An x-ray projection microscope equipped with a digital camera allows a rapid and independent mapping of copper and iron ions in an aqueous sulphate solution during the corrosion/deposition process of a metallic iron electrode in a copper sulphate solution. The concentration distributions of the two species can be quantified from a pair of x-ray images acquired in 20 s with a resolution on the order of 10 μm. Four pairs of images have been acquired each minute of the corrosion deposition process. This technique makes it possible to follow the concentration distribution of the two species as a function of the space (x,y) and time coordinates with a detection limit in the 10 ppm range.
A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing (2014)

In a NASA Aeronautics Research Institute (NARI) sponsored program entitled "A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing," evaluation of emerging materials and additive manufacturing technologies was carried out. These technologies may enable fully non-metallic gas turbine engines in the future. This paper highlights the results of engine system trade studies which were carried out to estimate reduction in engine emissions and fuel burn enabled due to advanced materials and manufacturing processes. A number of key engine components were identified in which advanced materials and additive manufacturing processes would provide the most significant benefits to engine operation. In addition, feasibility of using additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate gas turbine engine components from polymer and ceramic matrix composite were demonstrated. A wide variety of prototype components (inlet guide vanes (IGV), acoustic liners, engine access door, were additively manufactured using high temperature polymer materials. Ceramic matrix composite components included first stage nozzle segments and high pressure turbine nozzle segments for a cooled doublet vane. In addition, IGVs and acoustic liners were tested in simulated engine conditions in test rigs. The test results are reported and discussed in detail.
Mechanism of the D-homoannulation of pregnanediol disulfate in refluxing 3N hydrochloric acid. (1983)

In order to elucidate the mechanism of D-homoannulation of pregnanediol 20-sulfate, solvolysis of [13C-20]-5β-pregnane-3α, 20α-diol disulfate (3) in refluxing 3N hydrochloric acid was investigated. The resulting D-homosteroids, 17α-methyl-D-homo-5β-androstane-3α, 17aβ-diol (8) and 17α-methyl-17aβ-chloro-D-homo-5β-androstan-3α-ol (10), contained a quantitative amount of 13C only at C-17, indicating that the ring-enlargement reaction of the 20α-ol sulfate proceeded with stereospecific migration of the C16-C17 bond. The same result was obtained from isomeric [13C-20]-5β-pregnane-3α, 20β-diol disulfate (6). Based on these results, the D-homoannulation of pregnanediol 20-sulfate was concluded to proceed by a stepwise mechanism through the C-20 carbocation. The stereochemistry of this Wagner-Meerwein type rearrangement reaction is also discussed.
Genetic and Biochemical Studies on the Conversion of Dihydroflavonols to Flavonols in Flowers of Petunia hybrida (1986)

Abstract Soluble enzyme preparations from flower buds of Petunia hybrida catalyzed the conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavonols. Dihydrokaempferol and dihydroquercetin were readily converted to the respective flavonols, whereas dihydromyricetin was a poor substrate. The reaction required 2-oxoglutarate, ascorbate and Fe 2+ as cofactors and had a pH optimum at about 6.5. In the presence of the dominant allele Fl, high enzyme activity for flavonol formation was found, whereas in enzyme preparations from flower buds of recessive genotypes (fl/fl) only low enzyme activity could be observed. A substantial correlation was found between enzyme activity for flavonol formation and the flavonol content of buds and flowers during development.
Determination of Thiopurine Methyltransferase Activity in Human Erythrocytes by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Comparison With the Radiochemical Method (2001)

The current article describes a new assay to measure thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity from red blood cells. This method is based on the measurement of the reaction product 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 6-MMP is extracted by ethyl acetate with recoveries of 85%, 80%, 80%, and 92% for 50, 250, 500, and 1,000 ng/100 microL packed red blood cells, respectively. 6-MMP was identified and measured by a Zorbax CN column installed in an HPLC system. The chromatograms were resolved using a mobile phase consisting of 40 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3) and methanol in a gradient from 1% to 20% of methanol. Under these conditions 6-MMP is well resolved from substrates (6-mercaptopurine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine) and endogenous peaks. When the TPMT activity from 20 patients was measured by the HPLC-linked assay and the classic radiochemical method, a linear correlation was obtained between both procedures ( y = 0.99x + 0.33; x-axis, radiochemical assay; y-axis, HPLC-linked assay; r = 0.98). In conclusion, the current report describes a new, reliable, safe, and nonradioactive method to measure TPMT activity that is shorter and simpler than the previously described ones.
Efficacy of Coupling Inhibitory and Facilitatory Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Enhance Motor Recovery in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients (2013)

Our clinical trials established an extended timeframe during which conditioning could be safely continued and produced more favorable outcomes in facilitating motor performance and ameliorating interhemispheric imbalance than those obtained from single-course rTMS modulation alone.
Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Active Constituents and New Highly Oxygenated Seco-prezizaane-Type Sesquiterpenes from Illicium merrillianum. (2002)

In the study of bioactive substances in Illicium plants, the methanol extract of I. merrillianum showed brine shrimp lethality test (BST) activity at 200 microg/ml. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the BST active fractions resulted in the isolation of 4-O-methyleudesm-11-en-4alpha-ol, eudesmol-11-en-4alpha-ol and (-)-hinokinin as potent BST active compounds. On the other hand, four new highly oxygenated seco-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenes, merrilliortholactone (1), 2alpha-hydroxycycloparvifloralone (2), 2alpha-hydroxycycloparviflorolide (3), and 2alpha-hydroxyanisatin (4) were isolated from the BST-inactive polar fractions. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive analyses of spectral data. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of 3 was established by the modified Mosher's method. Compounds 1--4 showed neither BST activity at 100 microg/ml nor neurite outgrowth-promoting activity.
Amorphous Phase Formation of Zr-Based Alloy Coating by HVOF Spraying (2000)

Abstract This investigation was conducted to clarify the effects of process parameters on the formation of the new amorphous coating using Zr-based alloy, which is known as bulk metallic glass forming alloy, by a HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) spraying process. Powders used for spraying was prepared by vacuum gas atomization and then crushed by a centrifugal mill. HVOF spraying experiments were carried out using a Tafa JP-5000 spraying gun. DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) measurements have shown that the amorphous content of the coatings was measured up to about 65% depending on the spraying parameters. The amorphous fraction of the coatings is decreased with increasing the spray distance and the fuel flow rate. Microstructural observations and X-ray diffraction analysis of the spray coated layers reveal that the amorphization behavior during the spraying is attributed to the degree of the solidification of droplets and the oxide (ZrO2) formation in spray coated layers. Therefore, flame temperature and spray distance that can control the carrier gas temperature and undercooling effects of the droplets are the most crucial factors for the evolution of the amorphous phase using this bulk metallic glass forming alloy.
The Timing of Sexual Maturation in a Group of US White Youths (1995)

The purpose of this study was to present US reference data for chronological ages at which stages of sexual maturation were observed in white youths. Recent serial data from 78 males and 67 females were analyzed to obtain descriptive statistics for the ages at onset of these stages and the mean ages at which the stages are observed. These reference data should assist the identification of white US youths who are maturing at rapid or slow rates and the interpretation of growth data.
Lipocalin-2 (24p3/Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL)) Receptor Is Expressed in Distal Nephron and Mediates Protein Endocytosis (2011)

In the kidney, bulk reabsorption of filtered proteins occurs in the proximal tubule via receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) through the multiligand receptor complex megalin-cubilin. Other mechanisms and nephron sites for RME of proteins are unclear. Recently, the secreted protein 24p3 (lipocalin-2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)), which is expressed in the distal nephron, has been identified as a sensitive biomarker of kidney damage. A high-affinity receptor for 24p3 (24p3R) that is involved in endocytotic iron delivery has also been cloned. We investigated the localization of 24p3R in rodent kidney and its role in RME of protein-metal complexes and albumin. Immunostaining of kidney tissue showed expression of 24p3R in apical membranes of distal tubules and collecting ducts, but not of proximal tubule. The differential expression of 24p3R in these nephron segments was confirmed in the respective cell lines. CHO cells transiently transfected with 24p3R or distal tubule cells internalized submicromolar concentrations of fluorescence-coupled proteins transferrin, albumin, or metallothionein (MT) as well as the toxic cadmium-MT (Cd2+(7)-MT) complex, which caused cell death. Uptake of MT or transferrin and Cd2+(7)-MT toxicity were prevented by picomolar concentrations of 24p3. An EC50 of 123±50 nM was determined for binding of MT to 24p3R by microscale thermophoresis. Hence, 24p3R binds proteins filtered by the kidney with high affinity and may contribute to RME of proteins, including 24p3, and to Cd2+(7)-MT toxicity in distal nephron segments.
Techniques of Side Channel Cryptanalysis (2001)

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis,including any required final revisions,as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii The traditional model of cryptography examines the security of cryptographic prim-itives as mathematical functions. This approach does not account for the physical side effects of using these primitives in the real world. A more realistic model em-ploys the concept of a side channel. A side channel is a source of information that is inherent to a physical implementation of a primitive. Research done in the last half of the 1990s has shown that the information transmitted by side channels,such as execution time,computational faults and power consumption,can be detrimental to the security of ciphers like DES and RSA. This thesis surveys the techniques of side channel cryptanalysis presented in [30], [10],and [31] and shows how side channel information can be used to break imple-mentations of DES and RSA. Some specific techniques covered include the timing attack,differential fault analysis,simple power analysis and differential power anal-ysis. Possible defenses against each of these side channel attacks are also discussed. iii
Automated Imaging Technologies for Pavement Distress Surveys (2011)

This circular documents state-of-the-art techniques and technologies in the acquisition of pavement surface images, and basic requirements needed to automatically identify and classify pavement surface distresses. The basics of film or magnetic tape–based image acquisition are presented. The circular also discusses digital acquisition and reports on the new laser-based imaging system with its high-quality image and low-power usage, as well as the potential for using 3-D laser imaging technology for pavement surveys.
Survey of Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen Status in Musts from California, Oregon, and Washington (1998)

Yeast assimilable nitrogen status of 1523 clarified musts from <i>Vitis vinifera</i> vineyards on the West Coast of the United States was determined utilizing an <i>o</i>-phthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl-L-cysteine spectrophotometric (NOPA) assay for primary amino acids and ammonium ion analysis. During the 1996 harvest, the overall variation ranged from 40 to 559 mg N/L with an average of 213 mg N/L (primary amino acids: 29 to 370 mg N/ L, average 135 ± 51 mg N/L; ammonium: 5 to 325 mg N/L; average 70 ± 35 mg N/L). 13% contained combined nitrogen below 140 mg/L, a concentration generally considered sufficient for the completion of a low solids grape juice fermentation starting at sugar concentrations found in normal table wine production. There were statistically significant differences between the means of nitrogen status of 968 musts from different varietals. Cabernet franc musts had the lowest average concentration (172 ± 65 mg/L) with 37% of the juices below 140 mg N/L, while Chardonnay and Pinot noir were highest (254 ± 76 and 236 ± 57 mg/L). Only 1.1% of the Pinot noir juices were deficient. No correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.086) between primary amino acid nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen was found. This emphasizes the need for analysis of both major sources of yeast assimilable nitrogen in grape must.
Slot‐loaded compact microstrip antenna for dual‐frequency operation (2001)

Abstract Dual‐frequency operation is achieved from a compact microstrip antenna by loading a pair of narrow slots close to its radiating edges. The two frequencies have parallel polarization planes and similar radiation characteristics. The ratio between the two operating frequencies can be tuned in the range (1.14–1.24), which is much smaller than that of similar designs. The above excellent radiation characteristics are achieved along with an area reduction of ∼75% compared to the standard rectangular patch. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 379–381, 2001.
Anti-H1 histone antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: epitope localization after immunoblotting of chymotrypsin-digested H1. (1986)

Using micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA) anti-H1 antibodies are most frequently seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (61.4% of patients). Positive anti-H1 ELISA reactions are rare in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (5.8% of cases), melanomas (16.7%), leukaemias (13.6%) and other cancers (5.6%). In SLE, the immunoglobulins (Ig) which constitute anti-H1 antibodies are, by order of importance, IgM, IgG and IgA. By means of immunoblotting using H1 solutions digested by alpha-1-chymotrypsin fixed on collagen membranes, we have shown that all the SLE sera containing anti-H1 antibodies recognize the sequential epitopes that are found on the carboxy terminal tail and, for 28% of anti-H1 sera, also the epitopes present on the aminoterminal half. The technique used did not make it possible to determine with certainty whether anti-H1 autoantibodies are also directed against the conformational epitopes of the globular part of the molecule.
P<scp>ATHOGEN</scp> P<scp>OPULATION</scp> G<scp>ENETICS</scp>, E<scp>VOLUTIONARY</scp> P<scp>OTENTIAL, AND</scp> D<scp>URABLE</scp> R<scp>ESISTANCE</scp> (2002)

We hypothesize that the evolutionary potential of a pathogen population is reflected in its population genetic structure. Pathogen populations with a high evolutionary potential are more likely to overcome genetic resistance than pathogen populations with a low evolutionary potential. We propose a flexible framework to predict the evolutionary potential of pathogen populations based on analysis of their genetic structure. According to this framework, pathogens that pose the greatest risk of breaking down resistance genes have a mixed reproduction system, a high potential for genotype flow, large effective population sizes, and high mutation rates. The lowest risk pathogens are those with strict asexual reproduction, low potential for gene flow, small effective population sizes, and low mutation rates. We present examples of high-risk and low-risk pathogens. We propose general guidelines for a rational approach to breed durable resistance according to the evolutionary potential of the pathogen.
Neuroprotective effects of xenon: a therapeutic window of opportunity in rats subjected to transient cerebral ischemia (2007)

Brain insults are a major cause of acute mortality and chronic morbidity. Given the largely ineffective current therapeutic strategies, the development of new and efficient therapeutic interventions is clearly needed. A series of previous investigations has shown that the noble and anesthetic gas xenon, which has low-affinity antagonistic properties at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, also exhibits potentially neuroprotective properties with no proven adverse side effects. Surprisingly and in contrast with most drugs that are being developed as therapeutic agents, the dose-response neuroprotective effect of xenon has been poorly studied, although this effect could be of major critical importance for its clinical development as a neuroprotectant. Here we show, using ex vivo and in vivo models of excitotoxic insults and transient brain ischemia, that xenon, administered at subanesthetic doses, offers global neuroprotection from reduction of neurotransmitter release induced by ischemia, a critical event known to be involved in excitotoxicity, to reduction of subsequent cell injury and neuronal death. Maximal neuroprotection was obtained with xenon at 50 vol%, a concentration at which xenon further exhibited significant neuroprotective effects in vivo even when administered up to 4 h after intrastriatal NMDA injection and up to at least 2 h after induction of transient brain ischemia.
Different IVIG Glycoforms Affect In Vitro Inhibition of Anti-Ganglioside Antibody-Mediated Complement Deposition (2014)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. Inhibition of complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding to ganglioside, GM1 or GQ1b was assessed on microtiter plates. Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). Therefore, sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs may be more effective than conventional IVIG in the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases.