gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacing the Orbitrap Mass Analyzer to an Electrospray Ion Source (2003)

The orbitrap mass analyzer employs the trapping of pulsed ion beams in an electrostatic quadro-logarithmic field. This field is created between an axial central electrode and a coaxial outer electrode. Stable ion trajectories combine rotation around the central electrode with harmonic oscillations along it. The frequencies of axial oscillations and hence mass-to-charge ratios of ions are obtained using fast Fourier transform of the image current detected on the two split halves of the outer electrode. This work proves that such a trap could be coupled to a continuous, electrospray, ion source. Such a coupling necessitated the development of an rf-only quadrupole for external accumulation of ions and their injection in very short (< 1 micros) ion bunches. Along with good sensitivity, this mass spectrometer provides mass resolving power up to 150,000 fwhm, mass accuracies within a few parts per million, and relative mass range up to 8-fold. The maximum number of ions available for analysis is limited by the space-charge capacity of the accumulation quadrupole.
New hydrogenated amorphous silicon alloys (1990)

New alloys of hydogenated amorphous silicon with Al, Ga, S, and Se have been prepared by the rf glow discharge method. The energy gap of these materials can be varied in the 1–2 eV range, with the Al and Ga alloys being low band-gap semiconductors, and the S and Se alloys having higher energy gaps. The light to dark conductivity ratios of the various systems have been measured. The best photoresponse (102–103) was obtained with the Se and S alloys.
Comparison of Gold/Platinum and Gold/Ruthenium Contacts on Piezoelectrically Actuated RF MEMS Switches (2010)

Abstract : Lead zirconate titanite (PZT) radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) were fabricated with half of the switches on each wafer-approximately 30 switches-using the typical gold/platinum contacts and using gold (Au)/ruthenium (Ru) contacts for the other half. We measured several important parameters using an Electroglass automated probe station, including contact resistance, actuation voltage, and bias current. The switches were cycled a number of times and the measurements were repeated. In addition, samples of five switches of each type were cycled to failure, and the mean output voltage was logged to assess the effect of these contact materials on the lifetime.
Novel multifusion optical imaging sensing principles (2004)

The goal of this study is to present novel, multifusion, optical imaging sensing principles, based on laser polarimetric imaging of targets surrounded by scattered media, using the Mueller matrices based formalism. Specifically, the novelty of the imaging system consists in the fusion of dual-energy imaging principles, with polarimetric imaging principles at varying focal lengths and exposures. The experimental results indicate clearly that, high specificity images can be obtained by transmitted and scattered photons from several media, by means of the proposed technique.
Universal synchronization scheme for distributed audio-video capture on heterogeneous computing platforms (2003)

We propose a universal synchronization scheme for distributed audio-video capture on heterogeneous computing devices such as laptops, tablets, PDAs, cellular phones, audio recorders, and camcorders. These devices typically possess sensors such as microphones and possibly cameras. In order to combine them wirelessly into a distributed sensing and computing system, it is necessary to provide relative time synchronization among the distributed sensors. In this work we propose a setup and an algorithm that provide synchronization between sampling times for a network of distributed multi-channel audio sensors connected to general purpose computing (GPC) platforms. Extensive experimental results on distributed acoustic Blind Source Separation (BSS) algorithms validate the performance of our synchronization scheme.
Power transfer via magnetic resonant coupling for implantable mice telemetry device (2014)

Implantable biomedical devices play an important role in research for use as stimulators, sensors and biomimetic prosthesis. The use of implantable devices is desired since long-term operation or monitoring is possible, without need for replacement of embedded batteries. This work presents a wireless power transfer (WPT) system that is designed to deliver power efficiently from a stationary primary source to a moving implantable device (secondary circuit) via magnetic resonant coupling. Power is induced in the moving secondary circuit while it translates and rotates within the magnetic field generated by the stationary primary coil cage. In a typical application, a mouse with such a device implanted would move freely inside the cage while continuous power is supplied to the implantable telemetry device. Two different secondary coil configurations are proposed in this work, which are described as the air core and the ferrite core configurations. Finite element analysis (FEA) is done to assist in performance prediction for these configurations. Experimental measurements show that the air core configuration loses magnetic coupling with the primary coil, when the implantable device becomes oriented at 60° or more with respect to the primary field flux direction. For achieving improved coupling for a freely moving mouse within the primary cage, a wrapped ferrite rod could be used in the secondary implant prototype (SIP). This wrapped ferrite rod (WFR) coil provides the coupling required when the SIP moves beyond the 60° and 90° orientations. These two coils are attached to their own tank capacitors and to a separate rectifier. The maximum received power is 60 mW. It is delivered by applying a sinusoidal current through the primary coil of 2.5 A (peak-to-peak). The resonant frequency of the mouse implant device (MID) used in our experiments is 2.135 MHz.
Error Bounds on the SCISSORS Approximation Method (2011)

The SCISSORS method for approximating chemical similarities has shown excellent empirical performance on a number of real-world chemical data sets but lacks theoretically proven bounds on its worst-case error performance. This paper first proves reductions showing SCISSORS to be equivalent to two previous kernel methods: kernel principal components analysis and the rank-k Nyström approximation of a Gram matrix. These reductions allow the use of generalization bounds on these techniques to show that the expected error in SCISSORS approximations of molecular similarity kernels is bounded in expected pairwise inner product error, in matrix 2-norm and Frobenius norm for full kernel matrix approximations and in root-mean-square deviation for approximated matrices. Finally, we show that the actual performance of SCISSORS is significantly better than these worst-case bounds, indicating that chemical space is well-structured for chemical sampling algorithms.
Synthesis of Core@Shell Nanostructures in a Continuous Flow Droplet Reactor: Controlling Structure through Relative Flow Rates (2017)

Bimetallic nanostructures are primarily synthesized in small volume batches. However, droplet-based reactors are receiving attention due to their ability to maintain thermal and compositional equilibrium within and between droplets, enabling flow operations for inline analyses and the scale-up of nanomaterial syntheses. Here, the syntheses of shape-controlled core@shell Au@Pd nanostructures with variable shell thicknesses are reported through control of the relative flow rates of reagents within the microreactor. Specifically, Pd shells were grown on cubic or octahedral Au seeds, selected as a model system. In batch reactions, shell thickness is determined by precursor concentration; however, as shown here, precursor feedstock concentration can be held constant, with the precursor concentration within the droplets being controlled through relative flow rates. This approach allows process conditions to be modified inline rather than from batch to batch to achieve particles with different shell thicknesses, and this procedure should be applicable to other multicomponent systems.
A new aminothiazolylcephalosporin having 1-carboxyethoxyimino group, ME1228. (1990)

Aminothiazolylacetamidocephalosporins having 1-carboxyethoxyimino groups were synthesized and found to have excellent antibacterial activities including anti-pseudomonal activity and low toxicities. Among these cephalosporins, ME1228 having (S)-1-carboxyethoxyimino substituent and being combined with an (N-ethyl-4-pyridinio)thiomethyl group at C-3 showed marked therapeutic effects against systemic infections in mice and was selected as the best candidate for further evaluation.
Molecular Design and Preparation of Bis-isophthalate Electrochromic Systems having Controllable Color and Bistability (2008)

New electrochromic systems based on bis-isophthalates were designed and prepared. They showed electrochromism behavior by two-electron reduction. The displayed colors showed greatly enhanced bistability and were dependent on the length of the conjugated bridge between the two isophthalate groups. We believe that the connection of two electrochromic systems with a conjugated bridge is a good basic strategy to obtain new bistable electrochromic systems.
Pipelining Tomlinson-Harashima Precoders (2005)

Like decision feedback equalizers (DFEs), Tomlinson-Harashima precoders (TH precoders) contain nonlinear feedback loops, which limit their use for high speed applications. Unlike in DFEs where the output levels of the nonlinear devices are finite, in TH precoders the output levels of the modulo devices are infinite, or finite but very large. Thus, it is difficult to apply look-ahead and pre-computation techniques to pipeline TH precoders, which were successfully applied to pipeline IIR filters and DFEs in the past. However, a TH precoder can be viewed as an IIR filter with an input equal to the sum of the original input to the TH precoder and a finite-level compensation signal. Based on this point of view, this paper presents a novel approach to pipeline the TH precoder.
Tuning Surface Coatings of Optimized Magnetite Nanoparticle Tracers for <italic>In Vivo</italic> Magnetic Particle Imaging (2015)

Surface coatings are important components of Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) tracers - they preserve their key properties responsible for optimum tracer performance in physiological environments. <i>In vivo</i>, surface coatings form a physical barrier between the hydrophobic SPION cores and the physiological environment, and their design dictates the blood half-life and biodistribution of MPI tracers. Here we show the effect of tuning poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based surface coatings on both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (mouse model) MPI performance of SPIONs. Our results showed that varying PEG molecular weight had a profound impact on colloidal stability, characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and the <i>m'(H)</i> response of SPIONs, measured in a 25 kHz/20 mTμ<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup><sub>max</sub> Magnetic Particle Spectrometer (MPS). Increasing PEG molecular weight from 5 kDa to 20 kDa preserved colloidal stability and <i>m'(H)</i> response of ~25 nm SPIONs - the optimum core diameter for MPI - in serum-rich cell culture medium for up to 24 hours. Furthermore, we compared the <i>in vivo</i> circulation time of SPIONs as a function of hydrodynamic diameter and showed that clustered SPIONs can adversely affect blood half-life; critically, SPIONs with clusters had 5 times shorter blood half-life than individually coated SPIONs. We anticipate that the development of MPI SPION tracers with long blood half-lives have potential not only in vascular imaging applications, but also enable opportunities in molecular targeting and imaging - a critical step towards early cancer detection using the new MPI modality.
Interceptor Missile Control-A New Look at Boost and Midcourse (2010)

Novel options are presented for the control of a high-endo/low-exo interceptor missile during its boost and midcourse flight phases. For boost, we use third-order quasicontinuous Higher-Order Sliding Mode (HOSM) control and second-order HOSM differentiator/observers to combine traditional guidance and autopilot functions in a single control loop. This radical departure from traditional boost-phase control has several benefits when timelines are short and/or flight plans are subject to change. For midcourse, we describe a control method based on acceleration pulses that results in conditions suitable for the homing phase while it minimizes use of divert fuel (subject to imperfections in flight-path prediction) and thus maximizes the effective footprint of our interceptor. I. Introduction The flight of an interceptor missile may be partitioned into three distinct missions: boost, midcourse and homing. The homing phase is not considered in this paper. Each mission is subject to different goals and limitations.
Traffic light recognition for autonomous vehicles by admixing the traditional ML and DL (2019)

Traffic light recognition (TLR) is an integral component of an intelligent vehicle and advance driver assistance systems (ADAS). At present, most of TLR solutions use vision based system along with prior knowledge of traffic light position (map information and height) provided by supporting sensors like Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, to obtained high accuracy. In this work, we present a method that performs a real time TLR using only vision sensor and achieve good results. Our TLR process is divided into three stages, viz., traffic light box (TLB) detection, extraction of the glowing area from traffic light box and classification. Here, traffic light box detection is carried out using state-ofthe-art real-time object detection method, You Only Look Once (YOLO). For extraction, we project traffic light box region of interest (ROI) to custom color space and perform the blob analysis. In order to elimination false positives, we introduce light weight efficient classifier model in custom color space. For traffic light states classification, we use support vector machine (SVM) with RGB histogram of the cropped ROI as a feature. Bosch Small Traffic Lights Dataset has been used for the empirical validation of our method and achieving F1 score of 0.94 as a performance benchmark.
Optical parametric oscillators (1992)

Recent developments in beta -barium borate (BBO), lithium triborate (LBO), and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) optical parametric oscillators are reviewed. It is noted that, with suitable nonlinear optical crystals and pump sources, virtually any wavelength ranging from the UV to the mid IR can now be reached with optical parametric oscillators. The technology is better developed at the present time for the near-UV to 4.5 mu m range, however, largely due to the availability of large, high-quality BBO, LBO, MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/, and KTP crystals. For the 1-10 mu m range, AgGaS/sub 2/ and AgGaSe/sub 2/ show great promise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Voltage Sweep Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2011)

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid, gas-phase separation technique that exhibits excellent separation of ions as a standalone instrument. However, IMS cannot achieve optimal separation power with both small and large ions simultaneously. Similar to the general elution problem in chromatography, fast ions are well resolved using a low electric field (50-150 V/cm), whereas slow drifting molecules are best separated using a higher electric field (250-500 V/cm). While using a low electric field, IMS systems tend to suffer from low ion transmission and low signal-to-noise ratios. Through the use a novel voltage algorithm, some of these effects can be alleviated. The electric field was swept from low to high while monitoring a specific drift time, and the resulting data were processed to create a 'voltage-sweep' spectrum. If an optimal drift time is calculated for each voltage and scanned simultaneously, a spectrum may be obtained with optimal separation throughout the mobility range. This increased the resolving power up to the theoretical maximum for every peak in the spectrum and extended the peak capacity of the IMS system, while maintaining accurate drift time measurements. These advantages may be extended to any IMS, requiring only a change in software.
Phosphoproteins in extracellular vesicles as candidate markers for breast cancer (2017)

The state of protein phosphorylation can be a key determinant of cellular physiology such as early-stage cancer, but the development of phosphoproteins in biofluids for disease diagnosis remains elusive. Here we demonstrate a strategy to isolate and identify phosphoproteins in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human plasma as potential markers to differentiate disease from healthy states. We identified close to 10,000 unique phosphopeptides in EVs isolated from small volumes of plasma samples. Using label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics, we identified 144 phosphoproteins in plasma EVs that are significantly higher in patients diagnosed with breast cancer compared with healthy controls. Several biomarkers were validated in individual patients using paralleled reaction monitoring for targeted quantitation. This study demonstrates that the development of phosphoproteins in plasma EV as disease biomarkers is highly feasible and may transform cancer screening and monitoring.
<title>Self-consistent nonlinear theory of the resistive-wall klystron</title> (1994)

A self-consistent nonlinear theory of resistive-wall instability is developed for a relativistic electron beam propagating through a grounded cylindrical resistive tube. Because of the self- excitation of the space charge waves by the resistive-wall instability, a highly nonlinear current modulation of the electron beam is accomplished as the beam propagates downstream. A partial integrodifferential equation is obtained in terms of the initial energy modulation ((epsilon) ), the self-field effects (h), and the resistive-wall effects ((kappa) ). Analytically investigating the partial integrodifferential equation, a scaling law of the propagation distance z<SUB>m</SUB> at which the maximum current modulation occurs is obtained. It is found in general that the self-field effects dominate over the resistive-wall effects at the beginning of the propagation. As the beam propagates further downstream, the resistive-wall effects dominate. Due to a relatively large growth rate of the instability, the required tube length of the klystron is short for most applications.
Pyrazoleamide compounds are potent antimalarials that target Na+ homeostasis in intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum (2014)

The quest for new antimalarial drugs, especially those with novel modes of action, is essential in the face of emerging drug-resistant parasites. Here we describe a new chemical class of molecules, pyrazoleamides, with potent activity against human malaria parasites and showing remarkably rapid parasite clearance in an in vivo model. Investigations involving pyrazoleamide-resistant parasites, whole-genome sequencing and gene transfers reveal that mutations in two proteins, a calcium-dependent protein kinase (PfCDPK5) and a P-type cation-ATPase (PfATP4), are necessary to impart full resistance to these compounds. A pyrazoleamide compound causes a rapid disruption of Na(+) regulation in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Similar effect on Na(+) homeostasis was recently reported for spiroindolones, which are antimalarials of a chemical class quite distinct from pyrazoleamides. Our results reveal that disruption of Na(+) homeostasis in malaria parasites is a promising mode of antimalarial action mediated by at least two distinct chemical classes.
Improvement of recombinant protein production with the human adenovirus/293S expression system using fed-batch strategies (2000)

The human adenovirus/293S cell expression system is used for the production of either recombinant protein or adenovirus vectors for use in gene therapy. In this work, the production of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1C) was used as a model for the scale-up of both applications. Maximum specific production of 30 to 45 mug of active protein/10(6) cells was maintained upon infection with adenovirus vectors at cell densities between 2 x 10(6) to 3 x 10(6) cells/mL in a 3.5-L bioreactor. This was achieved by resuspending the culture in fresh medium at infection time. The pH was kept at 7.0 throughout the experiment and, at 24 h postinfection, glucose and essential amino acids were added. Attempts to replace the complete change of medium at the time of infection with nutrient supplementation of the used medium led to lower production levels, suggesting that protein expression was limited not by the absence of a key nutrient but by inhibitory factors. Two potentially inhibitory factors were investigated: lactic acid accumulation and increased osmolarity. Medium acidification such as that which would be brought about by lactic acid accumulation was shown to depress PTP1C production. The lactate molecule itself decreased the cell viability when added in concentrations of 20 mM or more. But the specific productivity was affected at higher lactate concentrations of 40 mM or more. Additions of glucose, amino acids, and NaHCO(3) used to control pH, led to increases in osmolarity. Osmolarities above 400 mOsm lowered cell density. However, specific production was not significantly affected below 500 mOsm. But, at 500 mOsm, PTP1C production peak was shifted from 48 to 72 hpi. Because of the cell loss, this per cell yield increase did not translate into higher volumetric production. When glucose concentrations was kept at 5 mM by fed-batch addition, lactate production and increases in osmolarity were reduced. In shake flasks, this method permitted maximum production with cells resuspended either in fresh or spent medium at infection. This fed-batch process was implemented successfully at the 3.5-L scale. Fed-batch with glucose may provide a means to increase infected-cell density beyond 3 x 10(6) cells/mL.
Local detection device for single-mode fiber splicing (1982)

The lowest loss splicing of single-mode fibers in the field will require peaking-up or optimizing transmission through the splice prior to completion of the splice. For a typical transmission measurement, access to the optical signal at the far end is required, and although looping back through other fibers could provide signals at the splice for most of the fibers, a great deal of complication and interaction is required. The device described in this paper alleviates this problem by detecting a signal just after the splice that can be used to align the splice and measure splice loss. The principle of detecting scattered light was reported1,2 for use in an adjustable, multimode fiber, eccentric connector. This technique is applied to single-mode fiber splicing in this paper but could also be used for multimode fibers.
Transient opening of trimeric prefusion RSV F proteins (2019)

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F glycoprotein is a class I fusion protein that mediates viral entry and is a major target of neutralizing antibodies. Structures of prefusion forms of RSV F, as well as other class I fusion proteins, have revealed compact trimeric arrangements, yet whether these trimeric forms can transiently open remains unknown. Here, we perform structural and biochemical studies on a recently isolated antibody, CR9501, and demonstrate that it enhances the opening of prefusion-stabilized RSV F trimers. The 3.3 Å crystal structure of monomeric RSV F bound to CR9501, combined with analysis of over 25 previously determined RSV F structures, reveals a breathing motion of the prefusion conformation. We also demonstrate that full-length RSV F trimers transiently open and dissociate on the cell surface. Collectively, these findings have implications for the function of class I fusion proteins, as well as antibody prophylaxis and vaccine development for RSV.