gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O2–05–01: Intranasally administered deferoxamine improves spatial memory in APP/PS1 mice (2007)

Deferoxamine (DFO), injected intramuscularly, was shown in clinical trials to reduce the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by 50% over two years. However, due to side effects and difficulty with administration, DFO was not further developed as a treatment. An alternative method to deliver DFO to the central nervous system (CNS) is intranasal delivery. Intranasal (IN) delivery is a method of delivering therapeutics directly to the CNS along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. It has three primary advantages over other delivery methods: 1) it allows compounds to bypass the blood-brain-barrier, which otherwise prevents most compounds from reaching the CNS, 2) it decreases systemic exposure to therapeutics thereby decreasing side-effects, and 3) it is non-invasive. Direct delivery of a wide variety of therapeutics to the CNS following IN administration has been demonstrated in rodents, primates, and humans. When administered either before or after stroke, IN DFO has been shown to markedly decrease infarct volume in rats. To determine whether intranasally administered DFO decreases the loss of spatial memory with amyloid accumulation in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. We delivered either IN DFO or vehicle to APP/PS1 mice starting at nine months of age. A group of non-transgenic control mice treated with vehicle was also included. Spatial memory and learning ability were tested using a Morris Water Maze both before treatment to equalize baseline performance between groups, and then monthly after the start of treatment for four months. Hidden platform, probe, and visual platform tests were performed. After only two months of treatment, IN DFO-treated mice had significantly shorter escape latencies and path-lengths than untreated mice in hidden platform tests (p<0.05). Significant differences were not detected in probe or visual platform trials. This study demonstrates that IN DFO slows the progression of spatial memory loss in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Because DFO is already approved for use in humans, and has been shown to slow the progression of Alzheimer's in human patients, clinical trials for IN delivery in AD should be expedited.
Legilimens: An Agile Transport for Background Traffic in Cellular Networks (2020)

Large data transfers can result in significant congestion and performance degradation for interactive end-user applications such as web browsing and streaming. While there are existing TCP congestion control algorithms for delivery of large volume data (e.g., LEDBAT, TCP-LP), our results show that these protocols are not effective in cellular networks due to variability in radio channel conditions and the use of cellular schedulers in base stations. We propose Legilimens, an agile TCP variant for cellular downlink transfers, which not only retains desirable properties of existing approaches, but also exploits the properties of the cellular schedulers to estimate load and capacity and addresses the challenges in cellular networks. As a result, Legilimens is able to deliver traffic using only the spare capacity on the downlink. We conduct extensive evaluations of Legilimens in multiple settings-in a large cellular network for real-world performance, on the PhantomNet emulator for controlled experiments, and ns-3 simulator for scaled experiments-all of which demonstrate that Legilimens is superior to existing protocols in transferring large volumes of data without interfering with regular user traffic. Compared to existing low-priority protocols, Legilimens improves the throughput of background flows by 2x on average (up to 5x) without degrading the performance of foreground flows across all the three testbeds.
Competing effect of spin-orbit torque terms on perpendicular magnetization switching in structures with multiple inversion asymmetries (2016)

Current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in structurally asymmetric multilayers have been used to efficiently manipulate magnetization. In a structure with vertical symmetry breaking, a damping-like SOT can deterministically switch a perpendicular magnet, provided an in-plane magnetic field is applied. Recently, it has been further demonstrated that the in-plane magnetic field can be eliminated by introducing a new type of perpendicular field-like SOT via incorporating a lateral structural asymmetry into the device. Typically, however, when a current is applied to such devices with combined vertical and lateral asymmetries, both the perpendicular field-like torque and the damping-like torque coexist, hence jointly affecting the magnetization switching behavior. Here, we study perpendicular magnetization switching driven by the combination of the perpendicular field-like and the damping-like SOTs, which exhibits deterministic switching mediated through domain wall propagation. It is demonstrated that the role of the damping-like SOT in the deterministic switching is highly dependent on the magnetization direction in the domain wall. By contrast, the perpendicular field-like SOT is solely determined by the relative orientation between the lateral structural asymmetry and the current direction, regardless of the magnetization direction in the domain wall. The experimental results further the understanding of SOTs-induced switching, with implications for spintronic devices.
Experimental Facility Development Toward Sound-Excitation Effects on Forced Convection Heat Transfer (2016)

In light of the background in periodic boundary-layer forcing as employed for flow control applications, the present work discusses the role of standing acoustic waves toward convective heat transfer modification in a turbulent straight channel flow. To this end, a dedicated low-speed wind-tunnel facility is designed, analyzed, and built, and it is specifically geared toward comprehensive investigation of sound-excited heat transfer for different aerodynamic and acoustic boundary conditions. To identify frequency ranges conducive toward exciting acoustic resonances, both in the transverse and longitudinal directions, a detailed numerical analysis of the acoustic resonance behavior is carried out. Resulting mode patterns and arising pressure nodes and antinodes are discussed in detail. On selected transverse and complex coupled modes, experimental surface temperature measurements are carried out by steady wideband liquid crystal thermometry. Findings indicate that, depending on the matched eigenfrequency and standing wave pattern, a slight elevation or reduction of heat transfer (locally and globally) is possible, whereas no change is observed for the pure traveling wave forcing. Although the acoustically induced changes are small in magnitude, the dependence on the excitation frequency is clearly quantifiable beyond the measurement error.
Concept, implementation, and control of wide bandwidth MEMS gyroscopes (2001)

This paper reports a novel concept for designing wide-bandwidth micromachined gyroscopes with improved robustness. The approach suggests the use of two independently oscillating interconnected proof masses to form a 4-DOF dynamical system, and thus increasing the design parameter space of the inertial system. The concept is implemented using MEMS technology. Computer modeling of the proposed design indicates over 15 times increase in the bandwidth of the system as compared to the conventional gyroscopes. In addition, significantly reduced sensitivity of the gyroscope to structural and thermal parameter fluctuations and damping is demonstrated. By utilizing the disturbance-rejection capability of the inertial system, improved robustness is achieved without sophistication in control electronics. All these advantages of the proposed design might relax strict fabrication tolerances and packaging requirements, reducing production cost of micromachined gyroscopes.
Variable delay multi-pulse train for fast chemical exchange saturation transfer and relayed-nuclear overhauser enhancement MRI (2013)

VDMP-CEST provides an approach to detect CEST effect by sensitizing saturation experiments to slower exchange processes without interference of direct water saturation and without need to acquire Z-spectra and perform asymmetry analysis.
The Efficient Electricity Storage Device with Hydrogen using DC Link and its Design Method (2012)

The design method of hydrogen electricity storage system is presented. The various electricity storage requirements are classified to 3 steps, according to the amount of renewable energy introduction. The hydrogen electricity storage system is the most cost effective in the step 3, where renewable energy is introduced as a main power source. Then DC link wind power and alkaline electrolysis hydrogen production cooperating system design and its control system with small battery to suppress the renewable energy output fluctuations is presented.
Chemical C-Terminal Sequencing (1991)

A new, general approach to the synthesis of 2-thiohydantoins from protected α-amino acid derivatives is now available, which allows the synthesis of sensitive thiohydantoins. A solid phase development system (SPDS) has also been established to facilitate comprehensive studies of C-terminal chemistries. Peptides are attached via their amino groups, and may be detached to perform subsequent analyses. In this way, the fate of the peptide portion may be determined after exposure to various reaction conditions. Here we report the application of these tools in C-terminal sequencing studies using a new reagent benzoyl isothiocyanate (BITC). Coupling and cleavage chemistry are conveniently monitored in the SPDS. Reasonably efficient sequencing of a simple peptide is shown.
Spatially-Constrained Similarity Measurefor Large-Scale Object Retrieval (2014)

One fundamental problem in object retrieval with the bag-of-words model is its lack of spatial information. Although various approaches are proposed to incorporate spatial constraints into the model, most of them are either too strict or too loose so that they are only effective in limited cases. In this paper, a new spatially-constrained similarity measure (SCSM) is proposed to handle object rotation, scaling, view point change and appearance deformation. The similarity measure can be efficiently calculated by a voting-based method using inverted files. During the retrieval process, object localization in the database images can also be simultaneously achieved using SCSM without post-processing. Furthermore, based on the retrieval and localization results of SCSM, we introduce a novel and robust re-ranking method with the k-nearest neighbors of the query for automatically refining the initial search results. Extensive performance evaluations on six public data sets show that SCSM significantly outperforms other spatial models including RANSAC-based spatial verification, while k-NN re-ranking outperforms most state-of-the-art approaches using query expansion. We also adapted SCSM for mobile product image search with an iterative algorithm to simultaneously extract the product instance from the mobile query image, identify the instance, and retrieve visually similar product images. Experiments on two product image search data sets show that our approach can robustly localize and extract the product in the query image, and hence drastically improve the retrieval accuracy over baseline methods.
Dynamic Provable Data Possession. (2008)

As storage-outsourcing services and resource-sharing networks have become popular, the problem of efficiently proving the integrity of data stored at untrusted servers has received increased attention. In the provable data possession (PDP) model, the client preprocesses the data and then sends it to an untrusted server for storage, while keeping a small amount of meta-data. The client later asks the server to prove that the stored data has not been tampered with or deleted (without downloading the actual data). However, existing PDP schemes applies only to static (or append-only) files. We present a definitional framework and efficient constructions for dynamic provable data possession (DPDP), which extends the PDP model to support provable updates to stored data. We use a new version of authenticated dictionaries based on rank information. The price of dynamic updates is a performance change from O(1) to O(logn) (or O(n logn)), for a file consisting of n blocks, while maintaining the same (or better, respectively) probability of misbehavior detection. Our experiments show that this slowdown is very low in practice (e.g., 415KB proof size and 30ms computational overhead for a 1GB file). We also show how to apply our DPDP scheme to outsourced file systems and version control systems (e.g., CVS). 1.
A Practical Phase Gate for Producing Bell Violations in Majorana Wires (2016)

Fault-tolerant topological quantum computation has long been a goal of physicists. A theoretical proposal shows how Majorana zero modes can be used in a universal quantum computer in a manner that avoids precise timing requirements.
Monoclonal antibody to an intracellular antigen images human melanoma transplants in nu/nu mice. (1987)

Mouse monoclonal antibody TA99 detects a 70-kDa pigmentation-associated glycoprotein in human melanoma cell lines. The antigen cannot be detected on the cell surface by sensitive rosetting techniques or absorption studies, nor can it be detected as a secreted product in culture fluids. Contrary to expectation, 125I-labeled TA99 specifically localized to pigmented human melanoma transplants in nu/nu mice; no localization to nonpigmented melanoma or control tumors was found. Tumor imaging was initially obscured by circulating 125I-labeled TA99 during the first 6 days after antibody injection. With clearance of 125I-labeled TA99 from the blood (half-life, 4-7 days), specific tumor images could be clearly defined by day 13. Due to the persistence of 125I-labeled TA99 at the tumor site (8.9% of the injected dose at 1 week and 4.6% at 8-10 weeks), images were obtainable for up to 10 weeks. At 8-10 weeks, the tumor/blood ratio was 10(4)-10(5), and the tumor/normal tissue ratio ranged from 10(2) to 10(5). In view of these findings, antibodies detecting intracellular antigens may have a role in tumor imaging and therapy.
Using torsional bar testing to determine fracture toughness (2000)

A new method to determine fracture toughness K IC of materials is introduced. A round‐rod specimen having a V‐grooved spiral line with a 45° pitch is tested under pure torsion. An equibiaxial tensile/compressive stress state is effectively created to simulate conventional test methods using a compact‐type specimen with a thickness equivalent to the full length of the spiral line. K IC values are estimated from the fracture load and crack length with the aid of a three‐dimensional finite element analysis. K IC of 7475‐T7351 aluminium is estimated to be 51.3 MPa √m, which is higher than the vendor’s value in the TL orientation by ∼0.8% and higher than 0.5T compact tension (CT) value by 6%; A302B steel yields 54.9 MPa √m being higher than CT test value by ∼2%. Good agreement between the K IC values obtained by different methods indicates the proposed method is sound and reliable.
Adenosine receptors: Clinical implications and biochemical mechanisms (1988)

Adenosine receptors comprise a group of cell surface receptors which mediate the physiological effects of adenosine. These receptors were originally classified by Burnstock as P1 and P2 purinergic receptors, depending on their preference for adenosine or adenine nucleotides [1]. The relative potencies for P1 sites are adenosine ≥ AMP ≥ ADP ≥ ATP, while relative potencies for P2 sites are ATP ≥ ADP ≥ AMP ≥ adenosine [1]. Further distinctions between P1 and P2 sites can be made by the use of selective antagonists. For example, methylxan-thines, such as theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, are potent inhibitors of P1 receptors, but are without effect on P2 sites. These latter sites are selectively blocked by quinidine and high concentrations of 2-substituted imidazoline compounds such as antazoline and phentolamine, and 2'2-dipyridilisatogen.
Variable-dimension vector quantization of speech spectra for low-rate vocoders (2002)

Optimal vector quantization of variable-dimension vectors in principle is feasible by using a set of fixed dimension VQ codebooks. However, for typical applications, such a multi-codebook approach demands a grossly excessive and impractical storage and computational complexity. Efficient quantization of such variable-dimension spectral shape vectors is the most challenging and difficult encoding task required in an important family of low bit-rate vocoders. The authors introduce a simple and effective formulation of variable-dimension vector quantization (VDVQ) which quantizes variable-dimension vectors using a single universal codebook having fixed dimension yet covering the entire range of input vector dimensions under consideration. This VDVQ technique is applied to quantize variable-dimension spectral shape vectors leading to a high quality speech coder at the low bit-rate of 2.5 kb/s. The combination of a universal spectral codebook and structured VQ reduces storage and computational complexity, yet delivers a high quantization efficiency and enhanced perceptual quality of the coded speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 1-phase 48-pole axial peg style electrostatic rotating machine utilizing variable elastance (2015)

Starting from the duality of magnetic reluctance and electric elastance, this paper discusses design features of an axial peg style electrostatic rotating machine. Axial peg style refers to the geometry of the machine. Interdigitated pegs (cylinders) come into, and out of, radial alignment as the machine rotates causing variable capacitance between the stator and rotor. A prototype with peak torque of 0.9 N-m and gap field strength of 14 kV/mm was constructed. The specific torque density of the machine is 0.126 N-m/kg, comparable to fractional horsepower NEMA class induction machines. This was achieved by filling the machine with a dielectric fluid whose relative permittivity is 7.1, rather than ultra-high vacuum typically employed in canonical macro scale electrostatic machine designs. Selected experimental measurements presented include angular capacitance, stall torque, average torque and losses under stall conditions.
Robustly detecting imaging model mismatches and reconstruction artifacts in single-molecule localization microscopy (2021)

We demonstrate Wasserstein-induced flux (WIF) for measuring localization stability in localization microscopy. Without knowing the ground truth structure being im- aged, WIF detects model mismatch within reconstruction algorithms and nanoscale imag- ing artifacts with high sensitivity.
Pyrolysis and oxidative pyrolysis of chloromethane in steam (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolysis and oxidative pyrolysis of chloromethane in steamR. Yildirim and S. M. SenkanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 3, 438–444Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00015a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00015a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Optical flow cytometry utilizing microfabricated silicon flow channels</title> (1996)

A benchtop optical flow cytometer utilizing microfabricated silicon V-groove flow channels (25 micron diameter) has been constructed and tested using diluted whole blood. A 1.2 mw diode laser probe beam focused onto the flow stream is used to generate scattered light from passing blood cells. Photodiode detectors are used to collect both small and large angle signals which are counted and analyzed for pulse peak intensities. Count rates as high as 1000/second have been obtained using pressure heads of about 0.5 psi. Optical modeling has also been carried out in order to determine the light scattering signature of blood cells passing down various channel flow lines. Results suggest that a significant amount of experimental signal variability may be due to variations in the positions of cells passing through the sampling region, but that this degree of signal variation should not prohibit the discrimination of different cell populations. Experimental and computational results are presented and discussed, as well as the possibility of developing a miniature portable flow cytometer based on microfabricated flow channels.
High-spectral-purity microwave oscillator: design using conventional air dielectric cavity (2004)

We report exceptionally low PM and AM noise levels from a microwave oscillator that uses a conventional air-dielectric cavity resonator as a frequency discriminator. Our approach is to increase the discriminator's intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio by use of a high-power carrier signal to interrogate an optimally coupled cavity, while the high-level of the carrier is suppressed before the phase detector. We developed and tested an accurate model of the expected PM noise that indicates, among other things, that a conventional air-dielectric resonator of moderate Q will exhibit less discriminator noise in this approach than do more esoteric and expensive dielectric resonators tuned to a high-order, high-Q mode and driven at the dielectric's optimum power.
Separation of cesium from nuclear evaporator concentrates with a hexacyanoferrate ion exchanger (1993)

A highly effective method for the selective separation of radioactive cesium from nuclear waste solutions was developed. The method is based on the use of a hexacyanoferrate exchanger in granular form in columns. This method was taken into full-scale operation at the Loviisa NPP, Finland, In November 1991. In the first full-scale test run 182 m{sup 3} (22,800 bed volumes) of alkaline waste solution with high salt concentration was cleaned up with one 8 liter ion exchange column. Decontamination factor was about 2,000. This is a superior result compared to those obtainable with any other method used for this purpose in nuclear plants. After loading with cesium, the columns will be placed in a concrete block for final disposal. Compared to direct solidification of evaporator concentrates with cement this method reduces the volume of final waste product by a factor of several thousands.