gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monofilament $\hbox{MgB}_{2}$ Wire for a Whole-Body MRI Magnet: Superconducting Joints and Test Coils (2012)

This paper presents recent results from our continued development of a 0.5 T whole-body MRI magnet at the Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory. HyperTech Research Corp. (Columbus, OH) manufactures the MgB<sub>2</sub> conductor for this project. During the past year, we have found that our technique, originally developed successfully to splice unreacted <i>multifilament</i> MgB<sub>2</sub> wires, works much better, i.e., of higher reliability, with unreacted <i>monofilament</i> MgB<sub>2</sub> wires. This has led us to wind the entire coil components in our persistent-mode MRI magnet with unreacted monofilament MgB<sub>2</sub> wire, having a MgB<sub>2</sub> core of 0.4 mm in diameter, an overall diameter of 0.8 mm bare, 1 mm S-glass insulated. To verify that these coils would not suffer from flux jumping, as they would if wound with monofilament NbTi wire, magnetization studies were performed on monofilament wires of MgB<sub>2</sub> and NbTi (as a reference) at 4.2 K. For the monofilament MgB<sub>2</sub> wire, the results were affirmative. To further ensure the absence of flux jumping that may quench these current-carrying coils, two test coils were wound with unreacted monofilament MgB<sub>2</sub> wire. One MgB<sub>2</sub> coil was operated in driven mode, while the other MgB<sub>2</sub> coil, equipped with a persistent current switch and terminated with a superconducting joint, was operated in persistent mode. The operating temperature range was 4.2-15 K for these MgB<sub>2</sub> coils. The driven mode coil was operated in self-field. The persistent mode coil achieved a persistent current of 100 A, corresponding to a self-field of <i>~</i>1 T in the winding, for 1 hour with no measurable decay. Both test coils were operated quench free.
Reranking answers for definitional QA using language modeling (2006)

Statistical ranking methods based on centroid vector (profile) extracted from external knowledge have become widely adopted in the top definitional QA systems in TREC 2003 and 2004. In these approaches, terms in the centroid vector are treated as a bag of words based on the independent assumption. To relax this assumption, this paper proposes a novel language model-based answer reranking method to improve the existing bag-of-words model approach by considering the dependence of the words in the centroid vector. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the different dependence models. The results on the TREC 2003 test set show that the reranking approach with biterm language model, significantly outperforms the one with the bag-of-words model and unigram language model by 14.9% and 12.5% respectively in F-Measure(5).
Distributed algorithm for optimal power flow on an unbalanced radial network (2015)

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is fundamental in power systems operation and planning. Large-scale renewable penetration calls for real-time feedback control, and hence the need for distributed solutions for the OPF problem. In this paper we propose a solution for an unbalanced radial distribution network. Our distributed algorithm is based on alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM). The main idea is to exploit the tree topology of distribution networks and decompose the OPF problem in such a way that the subproblems in each ADMM macro-iteration either have closed-form solutions or reduce to eigenvalue problems whose size remains constant as the network size scales up. We present simulations on IEEE 13, 34, 37 and 123 bus unbalanced distribution network to illustrate the scalability and optimality of the proposed algorithm.
Apparatus and method for controlling the magnitude spectrum of acoustically combined signals (1993)

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CO<sub>2</sub> Arc Welding with Double Pulse Current (1990)

CO2 arc welding is widely accepted since a high current density in the process assures a high reliability in the welding and CO2 gas is cheap in comparison to Ar and other shielding gases. But it has a drawback in the spattering that is brought about by short-circuiting of welding wire and base metal. This paper is aimed to determine an optimum current waveform that suppresses the spattering. With the optimization, the droplet produced at the tip of the welding wire is transfered from the wire toward the base metal without short-circuiting. The way a droplet is transfered has been investigated with various kinds of pulse current waveforms by taking high-speed framing pictures.The results are as follows:(1) The repetitive application of double pulse current is suitable to transfer the droplet regularly without short-circuiting. With the pulse current, the droplet falls off before it grow too large.(2) The droplet transfer is reproducible in every cycle of the double pulse current as far as the voltage across the arc is maintained constant at the starting-point of the pulse.
Films from Pectin, Chitosan, and Starch (1996)

Clear films from aqueous blends of chitosan HCl and high methoxy pectin, with glycerol added as plasticizer, had good dynamic mechanical properties. The pectin stabilized chitosan HCl films and prevented shrinkage and opacity, which presumably was the result of slow crystallization of chitosan HCl. Starch, added as a composite to chitosan HCl films, also stabilized the chitosan films with some reduction in dynamic mechanical properties.
Method of making a high-capacity sintered iron electrode and product (1979)

Spatial effects for suicide were stronger among municipalities located in the north-east and center-south sides of the country. New clusters of municipalities with large suicide standardized rates were detected in the north-west, south-west and center-south regions, all of which are part of time-stable clusters of homicide. Prevention efforts to reduce income inequality and mitigate the negative effects of weak relational systems should focus upon municipalities forming time-persistent clusters with a large rate of death by suicide. In municipalities that are part of newly-formed suicide clusters and also are located in areas with a large rate of homicide, interrupting the expansion of spatial concentrations of suicide over time may require the implementation of both public health and public safety interventions.
Simultaneous vehicle dynamics state estimation using pitch-rate sensor (2020)

There is provided a method for estimating friction between a tire of a vehicle and a road surface, the method comprising acquiring, a front wheel axle torque, a rear wheel axle torque, a vehicle longitudinal acceleration, a vehicle pitch rate and wheel rotational velocities. The method further comprises determining a front wheel normal force and a rear wheel normal force, based on a center of gravity of the vehicle and the longitudinal acceleration; determining a longitudinal tire stiffness, jointly determining a vehicle longitudinal velocity, based on the wheel rotational velocities and vehicle longitudinal acceleration, and a vehicle pitch angle relative to the horizontal plane based on the vehicle pitch rate; and determining a friction coefficient between tires and ground based on the front and rear wheel axle torque, the front wheel normal force and the joint estimation of pitch angle and vehicle longitudinal velocity. There is also provided a system for performing the described method.
A selection that reports on protein–protein interactions within a thermophilic bacterium (2010)

Many proteins can be split into fragments that exhibit enhanced function upon fusion to interacting proteins. While this strategy has been widely used to create protein-fragment complementation assays (PCAs) for discovering protein-protein interactions within mesophilic organisms, similar assays have not yet been developed for studying natural and engineered protein complexes at the temperatures where thermophilic microbes grow. We describe the development of a selection for protein-protein interactions within Thermus thermophilus that is based upon growth complementation by fragments of Thermotoga neapolitana adenylate kinase (AK(Tn)). Complementation studies with an engineered thermophile (PQN1) that is not viable above 75 degrees C because its adk gene has been replaced by a Geobacillus stearothermophilus ortholog revealed that growth could be restored at 78 degrees C by a vector that coexpresses polypeptides corresponding to residues 1-79 and 80-220 of AK(Tn). In contrast, PQN1 growth was not complemented by AK(Tn) fragments harboring a C156A mutation within the zinc-binding tetracysteine motif unless these fragments were fused to Thermotoga maritima chemotaxis proteins that heterodimerize (CheA and CheY) or homodimerize (CheX). This enhanced complementation is interpreted as arising from chemotaxis protein-protein interactions, since AK(Tn)-C156A fragments having only one polypeptide fused to a chemotaxis protein did not complement PQN1 to the same extent. This selection increases the maximum temperature where a PCA can be used to engineer thermostable protein complexes and to map protein-protein interactions.
Saw-CTD serial to parallel imager and waveform recorder (1987)

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Adaptive Beamforming for Mobile Satellite Systems Based on User Location/Waveform (2019)

An individual-user-optimized, adaptive beamforming method for a mobile satellite system (MSS) is presented. The system creates a `beam for each user', referred to as `user beam'. The user beam is optimized based either on known user locations or the waveforms received from all cochannel users. The system operates in an environment of significant frequency reuse among the cochannel users. Knowledge of user locations is transferred to the S-BSS (Satellite Base Station Subsystem) by the return link or is derived at the S-BSS from estimation of the spatial signature of the return link signals and knowledge of pilot signals in the return link waveform. The user beam maximizes the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) relative to the desired user, both in the forward and return links. The optimization process considers the spatial distribution of all cochannel users in the footprint of the satellite. The user beam adapts to the user's location and co-channel interference environment. By simulation, the performance of the beamforming system is compared with an existing, fixed beamforming system, represented by a major GEO MSS covering the Continental United States (CONUS) and Canada. The simulation results show that user-optimized adaptive beamforming offers significant capacity advantages over the legacy beamforming, measured by aggregate system throughput.
Sequence and Analysis of the Tomato <i>JOINTLESS</i> Locus (2001)

A 119-kb bacterial artificial chromosome from the JOINTLESS locus on the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) chromosome 11 contained 15 putative genes. Repetitive sequences in this region include one copia-like LTR retrotransposon, 13 simple sequence repeats, three copies of a novel type III foldback transposon, and four putative short DNA repeats. Database searches showed that the foldback transposon and the short DNA repeats seemed to be associated preferably with genes. The predicted tomato genes were compared with the complete Arabidopsis genome. Eleven out of 15 tomato open reading frames were found to be colinear with segments on five Arabidopsis bacterial artificial chromosome/P1-derived artificial chromosome clones. The synteny patterns, however, did not reveal duplicated segments in Arabidopsis, where over half of the genome is duplicated. Our analysis indicated that the microsynteny between the tomato and Arabidopsis genomes was still conserved at a very small scale but was complicated by the large number of gene families in the Arabidopsis genome.
CSMA/RN: A universal protocol for gigabit networks (1990)

Networks must provide intelligent access for nodes to share the communications resources. In the range of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps, the demand access class of protocols were studied extensively. Many use some form of slot or reservation system and many the concept of attempt and defer to determine the presence or absence of incoming information. The random access class of protocols like shared channel systems (Ethernet), also use the concept of attempt and defer in the form of carrier sensing to alleviate the damaging effects of collisions. In CSMA/CD, the sensing of interference is on a global basis. All systems discussed above have one aspect in common, they examine activity on the network either locally or globally and react in an attempt and whatever mechanism. Of the attempt + mechanisms discussed, one is obviously missing; that is attempt and truncate. Attempt and truncate was studied in a ring configuration called the Carrier Sensed Multiple Access Ring Network (CSMA/RN). The system features of CSMA/RN are described including a discussion of the node operations for inserting and removing messages and for handling integrated traffic. The performance and operational features based on analytical and simulation studies which indicate that CSMA/RN is a useful and adaptable protocol over a wide range of network conditions are discussed. Finally, the research and development activities necessary to demonstrate and realize the potential of CSMA/RN as a universal, gigabit network protocol is outlined.
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficient pigs are a novel large animal model of metabolic liver disease (2014)

Hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1) is caused by deficiency in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of tyrosine metabolism. The most severe form of the disease presents acutely during infancy, and is characterized by severe liver involvement, most commonly resulting in death if untreated. Generation of FAH(+/-) pigs was previously accomplished by adeno-associated virus-mediated gene knockout in fibroblasts and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Subsequently, these animals were outbred and crossed to produce the first FAH(-/-) pigs. FAH-deficiency produced a lethal defect in utero that was corrected by administration of 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3 cyclohexanedione (NTBC) throughout pregnancy. Animals on NTBC were phenotypically normal at birth; however, the animals were euthanized approximately four weeks after withdrawal of NTBC due to clinical decline and physical examination findings of severe liver injury and encephalopathy consistent with acute liver failure. Biochemical and histological analyses, characterized by diffuse and severe hepatocellular damage, confirmed the diagnosis of severe liver injury. FAH(-/-) pigs provide the first genetically engineered large animal model of a metabolic liver disorder. Future applications of FAH(-/-) pigs include discovery research as a large animal model of HT1 and spontaneous acute liver failure, and preclinical testing of the efficacy of liver cell therapies, including transplantation of hepatocytes, liver stem cells, and pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes.
Method for Analyte Identification Using Isotachophoresis and a Fluorescent Carrier Ampholyte Assay (2010)

We present a novel method for identification of unlabeled analytes using fluorescent carrier ampholytes and isotachophoresis (ITP). The method is based on previous work where we showed that the ITP displacement of carrier ampholytes can be used for detection of unlabeled (nonfluorescent) analytes. We here propose a signal analysis method based on integration of the associated fluorescent signal. We define a normalized signal integral which is equivalent to an accurate measure of the amount of carrier ampholytes which are focused between the leading electrolyte and the analyte. We show that this parameter can be related directly to analyte effective mobility. Using several well characterized analytes, we construct calibration curves relating effective mobility and carrier ampholyte displacement at two different leading electrolyte (LE) buffers. On the basis of these calibration curves, we demonstrate the extraction of fully ionized mobility and dissociation constant of 2-nitrophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from ITP experiments with fluorescent carrier ampholytes. This extraction is based on no a priori assumptions or knowledge of these two toxic chemicals. This technique allows simultaneous identification of multiple analytes by their physiochemical properties in a few minutes and with no sample preparation.
Observations Upon Calcium Oxalate Crystallization Kinetics in Simulated Urine (1977)

Two major etiologic theories of urinary stones are excessive saturation of urine with crystallizable substances or defects in inhibitors that allow relative supersaturation to occur. To date, it has been difficult to confirm the supersaturation theory in experiments using diffusion-limited crystallization systems because direct measurements of the nucleation process of crystallization could not be performed. We used well developed, continuous crystallizer techniques and adapted them from industrial use to the study of stone disease. Data derived from the experiments allow the absolute measurement of crystal growth rate and determination of nucleation rate. These methods were applied to study the calcium oxalate dihydrate (weddellite) system in artificial urine that lacked only proteinaceous components. Based on these experiments it was not possible to grow crystals large enough within 5 to 20 minutes to obstruct the collecting ducts of the kidney. Therefore, it appears that other processes, such as aggregation or stasis within tissues, may well be related to initiation of stone disease. Under the experimental conditions of this study nucleation rate exceeded growth rate. Therefore, multiple small particles are created at the expense of allowing larger particles to grow. Inhibitors can be tested rapidly in this system by adding them in concentrations compatible with those found in urine.
Novel Cross-Talk between Three Cardiovascular Regulators: Thrombin Cleavage Fragment of Jagged1 Induces Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Expression and Release (2008)

Angiogenesis is controlled by several regulatory mechanisms, including the Notch and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways. FGF1, a prototype member of FGF family, lacks a signal peptide and is released through an endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-independent mechanism. A soluble extracellular domain of the Notch ligand Jagged1 (sJ1) inhibits Notch signaling and induces FGF1 release. Thrombin, a key protease of the blood coagulation cascade and a potent inducer of angiogenesis, stimulates rapid FGF1 release through a mechanism dependent on the major thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1. This study demonstrates that thrombin cleaves Jagged1 in its extracellular domain. The sJ1 form produced as a result of thrombin cleavage inhibits Notch-mediated CBF1/Suppressor of Hairless [(Su(H)]/Lag-1-dependent transcription and induces FGF1 expression and release. The overexpression of Jagged1 in PAR1 null cells results in a rapid thrombin-induced export of FGF1. These data demonstrate the existence of novel cross-talk between thrombin, FGF, and Notch signaling pathways, which play important roles in vascular formation and remodeling.
Perpendicular Thin-Film Recording Media ¢?? Materials and Design Challenges (2006)

Perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) has been recognized for many years as having the potential to extend recording densities beyond the capabilities of longitudinal recording. This paper discusses the challenges in designing perpendicular thin-film recording media materials.
Evaluation of Applied Biosystems MicroSEQ® Real-Time PCR System for Detection of Listeria spp. in Food and Environmental Samples (2012)

A complete system for real-time PCR detection of Listeria species was validated in five food matrixes and five environmental surfaces, namely, hot dogs, roast beef, lox (smoked salmon), pasteurized whole cow's milk, dry infant formula, stainless steel, plastic cutting board, ceramic tile, rubber sheets, and sealed concrete. The system consists of the MicroSEQ Listeria spp. Detection Kit, two sample preparation kits (PrepSEQ Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit and PrepSEQ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit), the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR instrument, and the RapidFinderTM Express v1.1 Software for data analysis. The test method was compared to the ISO 11290-1 reference method using an unpaired study design. The MicroSEQ Listeria spp. Detection Kit and the ISO 11290-1 reference method showed equivalent detection based on Chi-square analysis for all matrixes except hot dogs. For hot dogs, the MicroSEQ method detected more positives than the reference method for the low- and high-level inoculations, with all of the presumptive positives confirmed by the reference method. An independent validation study confirmed these findings on lox and stainless steel surface. The MicroSEQ kit detected all 50 Listeria strains tested and none of the 31 nontarget bacteria strains.
Application of Surge Arrester in Limiting Voltage Stress at DC Breaker (2023)

Three categories of DC breakers; namely, static, mechanical, and hybrid dc breakers are currently available. DC circuit breakers have been considered for DC system protection with the development of DC generations, loads and circuits. In our previous work, authors introduced a bipolar hybrid circuit breaker, which keeps the switching voltage overshoots within source voltage limit. The breaker model had the limitation of being only effective when placed close to the dc source where the inductance between source and breaker is negligible. This paper introduces a modification of the proposed hybrid breaker to make it suitable for anywhere along a dc line. According to the results, the proposed method can effectively break the fault current while causing minimal arcing and significantly reducing the voltage stress across the mechanical switches, while it can be used throughout the dc line.
A magnetohydrodynamic chaotic stirrer (2002)

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stirrer that exhibits chaotic advection is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The stirrer consists of a circular cavity with an electrode (C) deposited around its periphery. Two additional electrodes (A) and (B) are deposited eccentrically inside the cavity on the bottom. The cavity is positioned in a uniform magnetic field that is parallel to the cylinder's axis, and it is filled with a weak electrolyte solution. Fluid motion is induced in the cavity by applying a potential difference across a pair of electrodes. A closed-form, analytical solution is derived for the MHD creeping flow field in the gap between the two eccentric cylinders. A singular solution is obtained for the special case when the size of the inner electrode shrinks to a point. Subsequently, passive tracers' trajectories are computed when the electric potential differences are applied alternately across electrodes AC and BC with period T . At small periods T , the flow is regular and periodic in most of the cavity. As the period increases, so does the complexity of the motion. At relatively large periods, the passive tracer experiences global chaotic advection. Such a device can serve as an efficient stirrer. Since this device has no moving parts, it is especially suitable for microfluidic applications. This is yet another practical example of a modulated, two-dimensional Stokes flow that exhibits chaotic advection.