gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classifying and retrieving software components based on profiles (2002)

We propose that the software reuse system can classify, register, and retrieve software components based on their profiles. There are two profiles: object profiles are constructed by extracting from software components their identifiers, function identifiers, and variable identifiers. Virtual profiles are made by extracting common identifiers and their weights from object profiles or virtual profiles. By similarity function, the similarity values between profiles and software components are calculated, classified, registered by their value. To retrieve software components, keywords representing the software components and their weights are input by users. The similarity value of keywords and profiles is calculated, and software components with the highest similarity value are retrieved. This system can register and retrieve software components more easily than other system and classify and retrieve software components faster then the systems using conventional information retrieval methods.
Spectrum Miscreants, Vigilantes, and Kangaroo Courts: The Return of the Wireless Wars (2011)

Symposium: Rough Consensus and Running Code: Integrating Engineering Principles into Internet Policy Debates, held at the University of Pennsylvania's Center for Technology Innovation and Competition on May 6-7, 2010.\nIt is axiomatic that government licensing is a foundational requirement for the use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Yet in some bands there is no licensing requirement, providing an empirical site that can be used to examine wireless coexistence without licenses. This Article draws on ethnographic work with wireless Internet Service Providers to report on the extralegal means that are used to share or allocate spectrum in these license exempt bands. Operators use a variety of informal arrangements there, including jamming and extortion. It concludes that wireless may be increasingly subject to extralegal allocation, and the outcomes of federal spectrum policy may in fact rest in local hands.
Lattice-matched multijunction solar cells employing a 1 eV GaInNAsSb bottom cell (2012)

Over the past 15 years, tremendous effort has been put forth into increasing the efficiency of multijunction solar cells used in concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) systems. Because the cell represents a small portion of the total CPV system cost, modest improvements in cell efficiencies have a large impact on reducing the levelized cost of electricity. To address the need for higher efficiency CPV cells, Solar Junction is currently manufacturing a lattice-matched multijunction solar cell that employs a 1 eV GaInNAsSb bottom subcell in lieu of the traditional Ge subcell. Our standard 5.5 mm 2 product has recently achieved a world record in power conversion efficiency. In this article, we report on the design, performance, and integration of this high-performance cell. The importance of overdriving the GaInNAsSb bottom subcell is discussed in addition to the optimization of the anti-reflection coating used for cells under glass secondary optics.
Brillouin revisited: Signal velocity definition for puise propagation in a medium with resonant anomalous dispersion (1982)

The theoretical problem of wave propagation and the definition of the signal velocity in a medium exhibiting resonant, absorptive, anomalous dispersion is investigated. The special case of a dilute medium is considered, such as the upper atmosphere with dispersion due to resonant line structure (e.g., the water vapor or oxygen lines in the microwave region), as opposed to plasma dispersion, which is not resonant. Signal velocity definitions analogous to those first made by Brillouin were derived in another work and are called to question as a result of an exact solution of the problem derived here, using a Bessel function series, which allows exact wave forms to be calculated and displayed. When one represents the signal development by using the simulations, it is found that one cannot realistically separate signal from precursor. The pulse envelopes do have some interesting ringing characteristics which are shown to depend upon the density of absorbers and the resonance linewidth. Qualitative experimental results are presented that verify the simulations. The measurement of this ringing appears to be a more sensitive technique than does differential absorption for determining constituent number densities.
Phosphatase-Mediated Enhancement of Cardiac cAMP-Activated Cl− Conductance by a Cl− Channel Blocker, Anthracene-9-Carboxylate (1997)

Abstract An aromatic carboxylate, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC), is known as a Cl− channel blocker. However, variable 9-AC effects have hitherto been reported on the cardiac cAMP-activated Cl− conductance, when applied extracellularly. We have reexamined the 9-AC effect on the Cl− conductance activated by isoproterenol or forskolin in guinea pig ventricular myocytes under whole-cell patch-clamp conditions. The inward current was blocked by 9-AC at ≥0.5 mmol/L, but in contrast, the outward current was enhanced at much lower concentrations (ED50, ≈13 μmol/L). 9-AC applied by the intracellular perfusion technique increased both the inward and outward currents. In the presence of intracellular 9-AC, deactivation of the conductance after washout of isoproterenol or forskolin was largely prevented. 9-AC produced an enhancing effect, even after inhibiting the deactivation process by okadaic acid (OA), whereas it failed to produce additional effects in the presence of orthovanadate. Intracellular applicatio...
pH dependent self assembly of β-amyloid(10-35) and β-amyloid(10-35)-PEG3000 (2000)

Small angle neutron and x-ray scattering (SANS/SAXS) studies were conducted on the structure of the aggregates formed from both the truncated model peptide β-Amyloid(10-35) (Aβ 10-35 ) and a block copolymer β-Amyloid(10-35)-PEG3000 (Aβ 10-35 -PEG) in D 2 O at pHs from 3.0 to 7.0. These studies indicate that Aβ 10-35 aggregates into rod-like particles (fibril) and their radii are strongly dependent on the pH of the solution. The fibril-fibril association in Aβ 10-35 solutions is less at pH < 5.6, but becomes larger at higher pH. Aβ 10-35 -PEG also assembles into rod-like particles whose radius is larger by about 30 Å than that for Aβ 10-35 fibril at pH 4.2, while it is about 23 Å larger at higher pH. Contrast matching SAXS/SANS experiments that eliminate the coherent scattering from PEG reveal that PEG moiety is located at the periphery of the fibril. Also the mass per unit length of the peptide portion is similar for both Aβ 10-35 and Aβ 10-35 fibrils at pH 5.6. The mass per unit length of the rods from SANS provides key information on the packing of Aβ 10-35 peptides in the fibril.
Simplified Method for Calculating Power Penalties due to Interferometric Crosstalk from Single or Multiple Interferers (2002)

We present a new method for calculating power penalties due to incoherent crosstalk from up to eight interferers. Formulae are given for thermal and ASE limited systems with optimised decision thresholds, including extinction ratio effects, and show excellent agreement with experimental results.
Otorrhea in Young Children After Tympanostomy-Tube Placement for Persistent Middle-Ear Effusion: Prevalence, Incidence, and Duration (2001)

Tube otorrhea is a common and often recurrent and/or stubborn problem in young children who have undergone tube placement for persistent MEE. The extent of the problem seems to be related inversely to socioeconomic status. Tube otorrhea does not always respond satisfactorily to outpatient management and for resolution may require parenteral antimicrobial treatment and/or tube removal.
The effects of cytochalasins on lymphocytes. Identification of distinct cytochalasin-binding sites in relation to mitogenic response and hexose transport. (1981)

Cytochalasin B inhibits phytomitogen-induced human lymphocyte proliferation with a Ki of approximately 6 X 10(-6) M. Cytochalasins A, C, D, E, and H are also inhibitory with varying degrees of potency, whereas cytochalasin G and chaetoglobosins A, B, C, E, F, and J are not at concentrations as high as 15 microM. Cytochalasin B also competitively inhibits carrier-mediated equilibrium exchange of hexose (Ki of approximately 7 X 10(-7) M), but cytochalasin E is ineffective. Cytochalasin B binds reversibly to the lymphocyte at three distinct sites: L, M, and H. The ligand binding at L site shows the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 1 to 3 X 10(-6) M and total binding sites (Bt) of 6 to 8 X 10(7)/cell, represents approximately 85% of the total saturable binding, displays a broad specificity interacting with cytochalasins C, D, and E, is not displaceable by D-glucose, is located mostly in a cytosol fraction, and exists in intimate relation to cytoskeletal actin. M site shows a Kd of 2 to 4 X 10(-7) M and Bt of 5 to 8 X 10(6)/cell, represents about 8% of the total saturable binding, shows stringent specificity not being displaced by cytochalasins C, D, and E, is competitively displaced by D-glucose and phloretin, and is quantitatively recoverable in the plasma membrane fraction. The binding to H site shows a Kd of 0.5 to 1.0 X 10(-7) M and Bt of 4 to 5 X 10(6)/cell, representing approximately 7% of the total saturable binding, shows a broad specificity, is insensitive to D-glucose, and is membrane bound. It is proposed that L site is actin and is involved in the inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenesis, whereas M site is associated with the hexose transport carrier. Structure-activity relationships of cytochalasin effects are also discussed.
Carbohydrate functionalized iron(iii) complexes as biomimetic siderophores (2011)

Catechol functionalized iron(III) glycodendrimers have been prepared using a self-assembly process for targeting a specific strain of E. coli bacteria and have been shown to exhibit carbohydrate-lectin mediated iron delivery in growth promotion assay.
Composite Concept Discovery for Zero-Shot Video Event Detection (2014)

We consider automated detection of events in video without the use of any visual training examples. A common approach is to represent videos as classification scores obtained from a vocabulary of pre-trained concept classifiers. Where others construct the vocabulary by training individual concept classifiers, we propose to train classifiers for combination of concepts composed by Boolean logic operators. We call these concept combinations composite concepts and contribute an algorithm that automatically discovers them from existing video-level concept annotations. We discover composite concepts by jointly optimizing the accuracy of concept classifiers and their effectiveness for detecting events. We demonstrate that by combining concepts into composite concepts, we can train more accurate classifiers for the concept vocabulary, which leads to improved zero-shot event detection. Moreover, we demonstrate that by using different logic operators, namely "AND", "OR", we discover different types of composite concepts, which are complementary for zero-shot event detection. We perform a search for 20 events in 41K web videos from two test sets of the challenging TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection 2013 corpus. The experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the discovered composite concepts, compared to present-day alternatives, for zero-shot event detection.
Saturated filters (1992)

Most previous research into the design of correlation filters considered only input noise and filter spatial light modulators (SLM’s) of an implicitly assumed infinite contrast ratio. We introduce a signal-to-noise ratio that also includes correlation-detector noise and finite contrast SLM’s. Filters maximizing this signal-to-noise ratio exhibit saturation at some frequencies and are called saturated filters. We accommodate SLM’s whose amplitude has a finite maximum and a nonzero minimum. We give algorithms for optimum saturated complex-and real-valued filters. Previous results are reproduced as various limiting cases. The phase-only filter and the binary phase-only filter are limiting cases for large detector noise with, respectively, complex and real modulators.
<i>LKB1</i> exonic and whole gene deletions are a common cause of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Table 1 (2006)

These results lessen the possibility of a second PJS locus, as the detection rate of germline mutations in PJS patients was about 80% (59/76). It is suggested that MLPA, or a suitable alternative, should be used for routine genetic testing of PJS patients in clinical practice.
Nanomedicine in Drug Delivery (2013)

Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Systems Emilio Castro and Arun Kumar Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoencapsulated Drugs Arun Kumar, Ashley E. Saienni, and Niketa Dixit Nanoparticle Lung Delivery and Inhalation Aerosols for Targeted Pulmonary Nanomedicine Heidi M. Mansour, Chun-Woong Park, and Don Hayes, Jr. Biological Systems for the Delivery of Nanoparticles Niketa Dixit, Mark Glaum, Arun Kumar, and Don F. Cameron Nanodermatology: The Giant Role of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Disease Adam Friedman Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery of Small Molecules Ana Sofia Macedo and Eliana B. Souto Nanoparticle Therapies for Wounds and Ulcer Healing Chiara Gardin, Letizia Ferroni, Luca Lancerotto, Vincenzo Vindigni, Chiara Rigo, Marco Roman, Warren R. L. Cairns, and Barbara Zavan Nanoparticles in Bioimaging Javier L. Pou Ucha Nanoparticles in Anticancer Drug Delivery Frederic Lagarce Formulations of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Sushama Talegaonkar, Mohammad Tariq, and Zeenat Iqbal Nanoparticles for Ocular Drug Delivery Jaleh Barar and Yadollah Omidi Toxicology of Nanoparticles Siva K. Nalabotu and Eric R. Blough Animal and Cellular Models for Use in Nanoparticles Safety Study Kevin M. Rice and Eric R. Blough Index
Pulse signaling using Capacitively-Coupled CMOS (2002)

This paper presents an introduction to pulse signaling, a circuit design approach to circumvent performance limitations of electronic packaging. Potential benefits, such as reduced power consumption, are demonstrated using examples from proposed Capacitively-Coupled CMOS circuits.
Normalization Process Technique of a Small Composite Wind Turbine Blades (2011)

Advancements in composite material technology have spurred an increase in the use of composites in modern wind turbine's blades structure. In addition to the desirable high strength, low-weight features of these material systems, the enhanced fatigue strength and damage tolerance has made composites particularly attractive for advanced structural applications. In this paper, the normalization process technique of the resin transfer molding (RTM) and compression molding was used to manufacture composite wind turbine blade by the stacking of pieces of glass-fiber fabrics、 expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam and insert parts in an interior pressure mold. The blade perform is a composite foam-filled sandwich structure, where the interior is an EPS foam layer while the exterior is coated with main fibre layer、root reinforcing fiber layer and insert parts. The insert parts investigated were I-beam、LED、conductor、root connection joint and repair patch. This is designed to provide the maximum bending stiffness in the flexure to resist the stress concentration of the composite wind turbine blade. This research also will be used to develop adhesive bonding repair techniques for life extension of damaged components in wind turbine blade. A number of composite foam-filled sandwich wind turbine blade constructions were fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility and applications of the proposed manufacturing method.
Design and application of a 2500-gate bipolar macrocell array (1985)

A very high-speed 2500-gate Si bipolar macrocell array has been developed using a novel macrocell design approach and a 1-/spl mu/m rule advanced super self-aligned process technology (SST-1A). Using this macrocell array, a 16-bit parallel multiplier is designed and fabricated. The sophisticated circuit design of the macrocell array approach permits this complex function, which is equivalent to having 3024 NOR gates, using only 70% of the total of 756 internal cells. Consequently, a fast multiplication time of 7.5 ns is achieved with a 2.07-W power dissipation. Excellent performance with an average gate delay of 120 ps and average power dissipation of 0.365 mW is demonstrated for an equivalent NOR gate.
Calcineurin‐inhibitors in renal transplantation. Too precious to be abandoned (2000)

Drugs which inhibit the calcineurin enzymatic complex 30% in randomized studies [9–12]. Finally, the associmay be responsible for renal toxicity, which is occasion- ation CsA–rapamycin reduced the incidence of acute ally progressive and irreversible. Thus, in spite of rejection to 7.5% in a series of 40 living mismatched improving results obtained with the use of calcineurin kidney transplants [13]. We reviewed our own data of inhibitors in the field of renal transplantation, many cadaveric renal transplants performed between January physicians are concerned about the long-term use of 1995 and December 1998. Only five of 248 cadaveric these agents and try to replace them sooner or later renal transplant recipients lost their allograft because with non-nephrotoxic immunosuppressive agents such of acute rejection. Three deaths and two non-viable as azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and/or rapa- kidneys accounted for other failures in the first year. mycin. Before this policy is generally adopted, however, This yielded an actual cadaveric kidney allograft surone should consider the results that can be achieved vival of 96% at one year. All patients were treated today with the correct use of calcineurin inhibitors. with Neoral or Tacrolimus as basic immunosuppressive The main aims of modern immunosuppression are: agent, often associated with MMF, anti-CD25 mono(i) to minimize risk and outcome of acute rejection; clonal antibodies or rapamycin. (ii) to reduce the risk of comorbidity caused by It is our impression, therefore, that the frequency of immunosuppressive agents, particularly cortico- acute rejection is decreasing progressively. Today it steroids; and (iii) to reduce late graft failure caused by has become exceptional that it is the direct cause of chronic rejection. All these goals may be achieved graft failure. This success can be attributed in large through administration of the calcineurin inhibitors, part to the use of calcineurin inhibitors, although the cyclosporin (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK ) respectively, combination with newer immunosuppressive drugs has especially when these drugs are given in combination certainly also played an important role. with newer immunosuppressive agents.
Melanins: Skin Pigments and Much More—Types, Structural Models, Biological Functions, and Formation Routes (2014)

This review presents a general view of all types of melanin in all types of organisms. Melanin is frequently considered just an animal cutaneous pigment and is treated separately from similar fungal or bacterial pigments. Similarities concerning the phenol precursors and common patterns in the formation routes are discussed. All melanins are formed in a first enzymatically-controlled phase, generally a phenolase, and a second phase characterized by an uncontrolled polymerization of the oxidized intermediates. In that second phase, quinones derived from phenol oxidation play a crucial role. Concerning functions, all melanins show a common feature, a protective role, but they are not merely photoprotective pigments against UV sunlight. In pathogenic microorganisms, melanization becomes a virulence factor since melanin protects microbial cells from defense mechanisms in the infected host. In turn, some melanins are formed in tissues where sunlight radiation is not a potential threat. Then, their redox, metal chelating, or free radical scavenging properties are more important than light absorption capacity. These pigments sometimes behave as a double-edged sword, and inhibition of melanogenesis is desirable in different cells. Melanin biochemistry is an active field of research from dermatological, biomedical, cosmetical, and microbiological points of view, as well as fruit technology.
Characterization of Galactomannan Gum from Fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>) Seeds and Its Rheological Properties (2007)

Galactomannan, a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, was isolated from the seed of Chinese traditional medicine fenugreek. The polysaccharide was characterized by using both chemical and chromatographic procedures, as well as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the polysaccharide consists of D-mannopyranose and D-galactopyranose residues with a molar ratio of 1.2:1.0. The main chain of this galactomannan comprises β-(1,4)-linked D-mannopyranose residues, in which 83.3% of the main chain is substituted at C-6 with a single residue of α-(1,6)-D-galactopyranose. The galactomannan had a molecular weight Mw of 3.23 × 105 g mol−1 and an intrinsic water viscosity of 235 mL g−1. Fenugreek gum (seed endosperm) contains 73.6% galactomannan. The viscosity of fenugreek gum at 1% concentration is 286 mPa.s (30°C, 170 s−1). The viscosity of the solutions decreased sharply as the rate of shear increased, but rose with increased concentration, and decreased as the temperature of fully hydrated gum solution was gradually raised from 30 to 90°C. Fenugreek gum can be a highly efficient water-thickening agents and can be used in food industry and drug delivery formulations.
Organic semiconductor devices for micro-optical applications (2006)

The use of organic optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes and organic photodiodes in micro-optical systems is discussed. Potential applications like optical interconnects and optical sensor systems are examined. Device characteristics including emission spectra, I-V-curves and the dynamic behaviour are analysed. In the combination with a polymeric optical fibre (POF) a transmission line comprising a organic light emitting diodes and organic photodiodes is demonstrated. An important step towards integration is realized by coupling the amplified spontaneous emission of an organic semiconductor material into a single-mode polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) waveguide.
Generalized Gamma Modeling of Speech and its Online Estimation for Speech Enhancement (2006)

Generalized gamma modeling and its online method of parameter estimation of speech spectral magnitude are proposed for MAP based speech enhancement systems. Generalized gamma modeling is shown to be a natural extension of the Gaussian modeling of speech spectral component distribution, and is therefore, able to fit the prior distribution better than the conventional method. An online parameter estimation method for the gamma distribution, based on a moment matching method, is then proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methods are confirmed by improvement in both SNR and ASR using the AURORA2 standard database, where about 4 dB improvement in SNR and 20% improvement in relative ASR performance are obtained.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives (2012)

Cinnamic acid is an organic acid occurring naturally in plants that has low toxicity and a broad spectrum of biological activities. In the search for novel pharmacologically active compounds, cinnamic acid derivatives are important and promising compounds with high potential for development into drugs. Many cinnamic acid derivatives, especially those with the phenolic hydroxyl group, are well-known antioxidants and are supposed to have several health benefits due to their strong free radical scavenging properties. It is also well known that cinnamic acid has antimicrobial activity. Cinnamic acid derivatives, both isolated from plant material and synthesized, have been reported to have antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties. Acids, esters, amides, hydrazides and related derivatives of cinnamic acid with such activities are here reviewed.