gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of corona in wire-duct electrostatic precipitators (2003)

This paper is aimed at the analysis of corona power loss associated with wire duct electrostatic precipitators (WDEP). The finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the Poisson's equation and a modified method of characteristics is used to satisfy the current continuity condition. The two methods are repeated iteratively to get a self consistent solution of the describing equations. The effectiveness of this approach is tested by comparing the computed results with previously experimental and calculated values. The agreement with experimental results is found to be satisfactory.
Deoxycytidine and Deoxythymidine Treatment for Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency (2017)

Our studies demonstrate that deoxynucleoside substrate enhancement is a novel therapy, which may ameliorate TK2 deficiency in patients. Ann Neurol 2017;81:641-652.
Exact cardinality query optimization for optimizer testing (2009)

The accuracy of cardinality estimates is crucial for obtaining a good query execution plan. Today's optimizers make several simplifying assumptions during cardinality estimation that can lead to large errors and hence poor plans. In a scenario such as query optimizer testing it is very desirable to obtain the "best" plan, i.e., the plan produced when the cardinality of each relevant expression is exact. Such a plan serves as a baseline against which plans produced by using the existing cardinality estimation module in the query optimizer can be compared. However, obtaining all exact cardinalities by executing appropriate subexpressions can be prohibitively expensive. In this paper, we present a set of techniques that makes exact cardinality query optimization a viable option for a significantly larger set of queries than previously possible. We have implemented this functionality in Microsoft SQL Server and we present results using the TPC-H benchmark queries that demonstrate their effectiveness.
Scanning Line Probe Microscopy: Beyond the Point Probe (2018)

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques have become indispensable tools for studying nano- and microscale materials and processes but suffer from a trade-off between resolution and areal scan rate that limits their utility for a number of applications and sample types. Here, we present a novel approach to SPM imaging based on combining nonlocal scanning line probes with compressed sensing (CS) signal analysis methods. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as an exemplar SPM technique, we demonstrate this approach using continuous microband electrodes, or line probes, which are used to perform chemical imaging of electrocatalytic Pt discs deposited on an inert substrate. These results demonstrate the potential to achieve high areal SPM imaging rates using nonlocal scanning probes and CS image reconstruction.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Disease (1983)

Abstract : The host humoral immune response to M. pneumoniae infection was further characterized. Examination of isogenic revertants of spontaneous nonhemadsorbing mutants led to analysis of the biochemical/immunological relatedness of selected virulence-associated M. pneumoniae proteins. Monospecific antiserum against protein P1 was examined for effects on mycoplasma viability, metabolism, and cytadsorption, and was employed for immunoferritin electron microscopy studies. Monoclonal antibodies against M. pneumoniae were produced and initial characterizations were begun. This report includes a final summary for the entire contract period.
10‐3: Design of a High‐performance Optical See‐through Light Field Head‐mounted Display (2018)

This paper presents our recent development of a high‐performance integral‐imaging‐based optical see‐through light field head‐mounted display that offers a spatial resolution of 3 arc minutes over a depth range of 3 diopters and a wide see‐through view of 65° by 40°. We further experimentally demonstrate the optical performances of the proposed InI‐HMD design in terms of its spatial resolution, depth of field, and focus cue accuracy.
Autocalibrated Scanning-Angle Prism-Type Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy for Nanometer-Precision Axial Position Determination (2010)

An automatic calibration and scanning-angle prism-type total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) was constructed and tested for the highest vertical resolution. The angle of the incident laser beam can be changed automatically and reliably from subcritical angles to nearly 90 degrees with intervals smaller than 0.2 degrees, and the laser illumination spot in the sample can be calibrated to automatically overlap with the center of the microscope's field of view. By scanning through a wide range of incident angles with different evanescent-field layer thicknesses, the fluorescence intensity decay curves of randomly distributed fluorescent nanospheres in agarose gel were obtained and fitted with the theoretical decay functions to determine their vertical positions. The best axial resolution was demonstrated to be better than 10 nm under the rigorous statistical analysis of confidence levels and by the Monte Carlo simulation. The new setup was further utilized to determine the tilting angle of the microtubules buried in agarose gel and to find the precise surface plasmon resonance (SPR) angle for gold film enhanced TIRFM. We demonstrate the new microscope's unique capability to find the best illumination configuration for complex systems automatically and reproducibly.
Auxiliary Circuits for Power Flow Control in Multifrequency Wireless Power Transfer Systems With Multiple Receivers (2014)

This paper describes a technique for multifrequency wireless power transfer systems in which the wireless power can be transmitted through the wireless power transfer channel or channels from the transmitter to the targeted loads with receiver coils specifically tuned for energy reception. Auxiliary circuits comprising bandpass and/or bandstop circuits are proposed for incorporation into the receiver circuits and optional relay circuits so as to facilitate the selection and enhancement of the wireless power transfer to the designated load without causing significant cross interference due to the use of multifrequency wireless power flow control. A unique feature of this technique is that the nontargeted receiver will automatically act as a relay resonator to enhance 1) magnetic coupling, and thus, 2) the power transfer between the power transmitter and the targeted receiver. A second novel feature is that the chosen operating frequencies for the tuned receivers need not be widely apart because the auxiliary circuits consist of bandpass and/or bandstop filters to reduce any cross interference from the nontargeted frequency. The proposed technique has been practically verified in experimental prototype.
Atomic beam deposition of lanthanum- and yttrium-based oxide thin films for gate dielectrics (2000)

We report on the electrical and microstructural characteristics of La- and Y-based oxides grown on silicon substrates by ultrahigh vacuum atomic beam deposition, in order to examine their potential as alternate gate dielectrics for Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. We have examined the issues of polycrystallinity and interfacial silicon oxide formation in these films and their effect on the leakage currents and the ability to deposit films with low electrical thickness. We observe that polycrystallinity in the films does not result in unacceptably high leakage currents. We show significant Si penetration in both types of films. We find that the interfacial SiO2 is much thicker at ∼1.5 nm for the Y-based oxide compared to the La-based oxide where the thickness is &lt;0.5 nm. We also show that while the Y-based oxide films show excellent electrical properties, the La based films exhibit a large flat band voltage shift indicative of positive charge in the films.
Micromachined biodegradable microstructures (2003)

We present a fabrication approach for the production of micromachined biodegradable microstructures, and illustrate its application in two areas: biodegradable microneedles for transdermal drug delivery, and biodegradable ratcheting surgical ties for blood vessel surgery. We fabricated solid polymer microneedles out of polyglycolide, polylactide and their copolymer using a micromolding technique that created needles with beveled tips. Polymer microneedles were strong enough to be inserted into cadaver skin without breaking. Polymer microneedles impregnated with both low- and high- molecular weight model compounds to simulate drug release were fabricated and inserted into full thickness cadaver skin. Quantitative measurement of model compound release as a function of time was obtained. The fabrication technology was also utilized to produce more mechanically complex biodegradable microstructures: cable ties for surgical ratcheting. These devices were successfully integrated with blood vessel tissue. The change in the mechanical properties of these devices under physiological conditions was investigated and shown to depend on the chemical and physical properties of polymer, implant temperature, and chemical environment.
Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Is Associated with an Expansion of FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have the potential to activate or tolerize T cells in an Ag-specific manner. Although the precise mechanism that determines whether DCs exhibit tolerogenic or immunogenic functions has not been precisely elucidated, growing evidence suggests that DC function is largely dependent on differentiation status, which can be manipulated using various growth factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of mobilization of specific DC subsets-using GM-CSF and fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3-ligand (Flt3-L)-on the susceptibility to induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). We administered GM-CSF or Flt3-L to C57BL/6 mice before immunization with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and observed the effect on the frequency and severity of EAMG development. Compared with AChR-immunized controls, mice treated with Flt3-L before immunization developed EAMG at an accelerated pace initially, but disease frequency and severity was comparable at the end of the observation period. In contrast, GM-CSF administered before immunization exerted a sustained suppressive effect against the induction of EAMG. This suppression was associated with lowered serum autoantibody levels, reduced T cell proliferative responses to AChR, and an expansion in the population of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. These results highlight the potential of manipulating DCs to expand regulatory T cells for the control of autoimmune diseases such as MG.
A highly potent 3200-dalton adrenal opioid peptide that contains both a [Met]- and [Leu]enkephalin sequence. (1981)

A 3200-dalton adrenal enkephalin-containing peptide, designated peptide E, that exhibits high opiate activity in the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle preparation was purified, and its structure was determined. It contains an amino-terminal [Met]enkephalin sequence and a [Leu]enkephalin sequence at the carboxyl terminus. Sequence analysis revealed that peptide E arises from a previously characterized 4900-dalton adrenal enkephalin-containing peptide. Peptide E was shown to be 30 times more potent than [Met]enkephalin in the guinea pig ileum assay, which suggests that the adrenal enkephalin-containing peptide may perform a unique biological function in vivo.
Quantification of stored red blood cell fluctuations by time-lapse holographic cell imaging (2018)

We propose methods to quantitatively calculate the fluctuation rate of red blood cells with nanometric axial and millisecond temporal sensitivity at the single-cell level by using time-lapse holographic cell imaging. For this quantitative analysis, cell membrane fluctuations (CMFs) were measured for RBCs stored at different storage times. Measurements were taken over the whole membrane for both the ring and dimple sections separately. The measurements show that healthy RBCs that maintain their discocyte shape become stiffer with storage time. The correlation analysis demonstrates a significant negative correlation between CMFs and the sphericity coefficient, which characterizes the morphological type of erythrocyte. In addition, we show the correlation results between CMFs and other morphological properties such as projected surface area, surface area, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
Enzymatic production of hydrogen from glucose (1995)

The objective of this research is to optimize conditions for the enzymatic production of hydrogen gas from biomass-derived glucose. This new project is funded at 0.5 PY level of effort for FY 1995. The rationale for the work is that cellulose is, potentially, a vast source of hydrogen and that enzymes offer a specific and efficient method for its extraction with minimal environmental impact. This work is related to the overall hydrogen program goal of technology development and validation. The approach is based on knowledge that glucose is oxidized by the NADP{sup +} requiring enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and that the resulting NADPH can donate its electrons to hydrogenase (H{sub 2}ase) which catalyzes the evolution of H{sub 2}. Thus hydrogen production from glucose was achieved using calf liver GDH and Pyrococcus furiosus H{sub 2}ase yielding 17% of theoretical maximum expected. The cofactor NADP{sup +} for this reaction was regenerated and recycled. Current and future work includes understanding the rate limiting steps of this process and the stabilization/immobilization of the enzymes for long term hydrogen production. Cooperative interactions with the Universities of Georgia and Bath for obtaining thermally stable enzymes are underway.
Near-field Imager Based on Nanophotodetector Array (2007)

A novel high-speed near-field imager is presented based on channelized nanoscale-pixel photodetector (NPD) array with metal-semiconductor-metal detector structure and graded In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As superlattice as active medium. The NPD array can reach sub-wavelength spatial resolution of <λ/8.
Rapid Identification and Typing of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the<i>aroA</i>Gene (1999)

The Staphylococcus aureus aroA gene, which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, was used as a target for the amplification of a 1,153-bp DNA fragment by PCR with a pair of primers of 24 and 19 nucleotides. The PCR products, which were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, were amplified from all S. aureus strains so far analyzed (reference strains and isolates from cows and sheep with mastitis, as well as 59 isolates from humans involved in four confirmed outbreaks). Hybridization with an internal 536-bp DNA fragment probe was positive for all PCR-positive samples. No PCR products were amplified when other Staphylococcus spp. or genera were analyzed by using the same pair of primers. The detection limit for S. aureus cells was 20 CFU when the cells were suspended in saline; however, the sensitivity of the PCR was lower (5 x 10(2) CFU) when S. aureus cells were suspended in sterilized whole milk. TaqI digestion of the PCR-generated products rendered two different restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns with the cow and sheep strains tested, and these patterns corresponded to the two different patterns obtained by antibiotic susceptibility tests. Analysis of the 59 human isolates by our easy and rapid protocol rendered results similar to those of other assays.
Spotlight processing of wide-beam stripmap SAR data using the frequency scaling algorithm (1998)

This paper presents a new processing algorithm for spotlight SAR data processing. The frequency scaling algorithm (FS) allows the processing of dechirped raw data. Due to the use of frequency scaling and SPECAN combined with azimuth scaling, the whole processing is performed without interpolations. A very useful formulation for dechirped SAR signals in the range Doppler domain is presented. The analytical modelling is presented in this paper. A more demonstrative explanation of the algorithm, including sub-aperture approach, frequency and azimuth scaling, can be found in J. Mittermeyer et al. (1997). A spotlight image is presented which has been processed from stripmap raw data of the E-SAR system of DLR by using the FS algorithm.
Chemistry of the mycalamides, antiviral and antitumour compounds from a marine sponge. Part 4. Reactions of mycalamide A and alkyl derivatives with basic nucleophiles (1994)

The chemistry of the potent antitumour and antiviral marine sponge metabolite, mycalamide A, and some of its alkyl derivatives, was examined by treatment with alkoxide, hydroxide and oxide bases in various solvents and with azide and hydride in dimethyl sulfoxide. The major rearrangement and cleavage products resulting from these reactions were characterised and tested for in vitro P388 anti-leukaemic activity.
Dispersible Exfoliated Zeolite Nanosheets and Their Application as a Selective Membrane (2011)

Thin zeolite films are attractive for a wide range of applications, including molecular sieve membranes, catalytic membrane reactors, permeation barriers, and low-dielectric-constant materials. Synthesis of thin zeolite films using high-aspect-ratio zeolite nanosheets is desirable because of the packing and processing advantages of the nanosheets over isotropic zeolite nanoparticles. Attempts to obtain a dispersed suspension of zeolite nanosheets via exfoliation of their lamellar precursors have been hampered because of their structure deterioration and morphological damage (fragmentation, curling, and aggregation). We demonstrated the synthesis and structure determination of highly crystalline nanosheets of zeolite frameworks MWW and MFI. The purity and morphological integrity of these nanosheets allow them to pack well on porous supports, facilitating the fabrication of molecular sieve membranes.
Fructose-Asparagine Is a Primary Nutrient during Growth of Salmonella in the Inflamed Intestine (2014)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella) is one of the most significant food-borne pathogens affecting both humans and agriculture. We have determined that Salmonella encodes an uptake and utilization pathway specific for a novel nutrient, fructose-asparagine (F-Asn), which is essential for Salmonella fitness in the inflamed intestine (modeled using germ-free, streptomycin-treated, ex-germ-free with human microbiota, and IL10-/- mice). The locus encoding F-Asn utilization, fra, provides an advantage only if Salmonella can initiate inflammation and use tetrathionate as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration (the fra phenotype is lost in Salmonella SPI1- SPI2- or ttrA mutants, respectively). The severe fitness defect of a Salmonella fra mutant suggests that F-Asn is the primary nutrient utilized by Salmonella in the inflamed intestine and that this system provides a valuable target for novel therapies.
Photoinduced Optical Anisotropy in thin Films of Amorphous Photochromic Side Chain Polymers (1994)

Abstract High values of optical anisotropy have been induced in glassy films of amorphous copolymers containing azobenzene moieties and rod—like side groups by angular—dependent photoselection. The photoinduced reorientation of the photochromic groups causes a reorientation of the non—photochromic groups due to a co-operative effect.
Permeability prediction from thin sections: 3D reconstruction and Lattice‐Boltzmann flow simulation (2004)

We present results and methodology for predicting permeability from thin sections. The method consists of two key components–reconstruction of 3D porous media from 2D thin sections, and 3D flow simulation using the Lattice‐Boltzmann (LB) technique. We construct 3D porous media using sequential indicator simulation (SIS), a geostatistical method, with conditional data and input statistical parameters from thin sections. Permeability is then estimated through flow simulation on the reconstructed porous media. The LB flow simulation successfully handles very complex reconstructed 3D pore geometries. Computed permeabilities from seven thin section samples show good agreement with laboratory measurements over a wide range of permeability. We compare our method to one that uses only thin sections without 3D reconstruction. The comparison shows that our method gives better prediction of permeability, and is less sensitive to statistical errors from discrepancy between thin sections and core samples.
CATIONIC POLYMERIC SURFACTANTS (1981)

(1981). CATIONIC POLYMERIC SURFACTANTS. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology: Vol. 2, No. 2-3, pp. 281-313.
A Wide Locking Range $LC$-Tank Injection-Locked Frequency Divider (2007)

This letter proposes a wideband injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) and describes the operation principle of the ILFD. The circuit is made of a differential CMOS <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> -tank oscillator and is based on the direct injection topology. The wideband function is obtained by tuning the switch across the tank inductors. The divide-by-two ILFD can provide wide locking range and the measurement results show that at the supply voltage of 1.8 V, the dual-band divider free-running frequencies are from 1.77 to 2.17 GHz for the low-band mode, and from 2.59 to 3.2 GHz for the high-band mode. At the incident power of 0 dBm, the locking range is about 1.7 GHz from the incident frequency 3.31 to 5.01 GHz at low band and 4.06 GHz from 3.94 to 8.0 GHz at high-band mode. The circuit can be used as a single wideband ILFD.
Secondary wavelet feature decoupling (SWFD) and its use in detecting patient respiration from the photoplethysmogram (2004)

We describe a method for the identification of time-frequency features associated with patient respiration in the wavelet decomposition of the photoplethysmogram where the respiration features are masked by other signal components with similar spectral content. In the novel methodology a secondary transform is performed on a signal derived from the original wavelet decomposition in the region of the pulse band. The method has wide application to many other problematic signals.
Self-reference ambiguity-free holography (1988)

A new self-reference holographic technique that permits unambiguous reconstruction of the object image from its lensless Fourier-transform holograms is described. 1 It can be used for obtaining high-resolution images of laser-illuminated objects with one or more strong glints. The principle of this technique is as follows: An object is illuminated several times (the exact number depends on the reconstruction algorithm used) by different nonuniform beams. The beam nonuniformity must be known in the object plane. Holograms formed with individual beams are detected and Fourier transformed separately. By coding the object reflectivity with nonuniform illumination, the overlapping images can be separated. Different algorithms for image reconstruction are possible and are discussed. Signal-to-noise analysis for these algorithms as well as laboratory demonstration of the technique are described.