gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced-state soft-input/soft-output algorithms for complexity reduction in iterative and non-iterative data detection (2002)

Soft-input/soft-output (SISO) algorithms have been widely used for iterative detection in various applications since this technique was introduced for decoding turbo codes. However, the complexity of the SISO algorithms is a major concern in the detector implementation. A novel way to simplify the SISO algorithms is proposed based on the concept of state reduction via decision feedback. The resulting complexity reduction is exponential in the number of feedback taps. The proposed low-complexity SISO algorithm can be applied directly in place of the standard SISO (e.g., a full-state forward-backward algorithm). Additionally, thresholding the soft-outputs of the reduced-state (RS) SISO can provide a robust and effective alternative to RS sequence detectors. Simulation results are also provided to illustrate the advantages of the RS-SISO.
SAR and BER evaluation using a simulation test bench for in vivo communication at 2.4 GHz (2013)

We present a simulation method and results that utilizes accurate electromagnetic field simulations to study the maximum allowable transmitted power levels from in vivo devices to achieve a required bit error rates (BER) at the external node (receiver) while maintaining the specific absorption rate (SAR) under a required threshold. The BER of the communication can be calculated using the derived power threshold for a given modulation scheme. These results can be used to optimize the transmitted power levels while assuring that the safety guidelines in terms of the resulting SAR of transmitters placed in any location inside the human body are met. To evaluate the SAR and BER, a software-based test bench that allows an easy way to implement field solver solutions directly into system simulations was developed. To demonstrate the software-based test bench design, a complete OFDM-based communication (IEEE 802.11g) for the in vivo environment was simulated. Results showed that for cases when noise levels increase or the BER becomes more stringent, a relay network or the use of multiple receive antennas, such as in a MIMO system, will be become necessary to achieve high data rate communication.
PROCESSING PROTEINS IN SERUM BY DIGITAL MICROFLUIDICS (2008)

We present the first digital microfluidic (DMF)-driven method capable of processing proteins from heterogeneous fluids. In this study, proteins were extracted from serum and other heterogeneous mixtures from nanoliter-size droplets via precipitation. This method is an important step towards the construction of a fully automated system for clinical proteomics.
Reduced Burden of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> in Bovine Subiliac Lymph Nodes Associated with Administration of a Direct‐fed Microbial (2015)

Despite effective food safety interventions within abattoirs, Salmonella enterica remains a common contaminant of raw ground beef. Research has recently implicated peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) as a potential route by which Salmonella contaminates ground beef. This study examined the efficacy of using Lactobacillus animalis (formerly designated Lactobacillus acidophilus; NP51) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (NP24), at 10(9) cfu/head/day, as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) in feedlot cattle diets to control Salmonella within PLNs. Two studies were conducted in which cattle were randomly allocated into either control or DFM treatment groups. Diets of treated cattle were supplemented with 10(9) cfu/head/day of the DFM, while control groups received no DFM supplementation. During slaughter at abattoirs, one subiliac lymph node (SLN) per carcass was collected from 627 carcasses from one study and 99 carcasses from the second study. Lymph nodes were cultured to estimate the presence and concentration of Salmonella. In the first study, effects of DFM supplementation varied across slaughter days. On the first and second slaughter days, prevalence was reduced by 50% (P = 0.0072) and 31% (P = 0.0093), respectively. No significant difference was observed on slaughter day three (P = 0.1766). In the second study, Salmonella was 82% less likely (P = 0.008) to be recovered from SLNs of treatment cattle. While a greater relative risk reduction was observed in the latter study, absolute risk reductions were similar across studies. A significant reduction in the concentration of Salmonella in SLNs (P < 0.0001) on a cfu/g and cfu/node basis was also observed in cattle administered NP51 and NP24 in the first study; in the second study, too few quantifiable SLNs were observed to facilitate meaningful comparisons. The results indicate that NP51 and NP24 supplementation may aid in reducing the prevalence and concentration of Salmonella in SLNs and, therefore, serve as an effective control measure to reduce Salmonella in ground beef products.
Allergen-free Probiotics (2008)

Food sensitivities are constantly increasing in "westernized" countries and may pose serious health risks to sensitized individuals. Severe allergy episodes have also been reported after the intake of probiotic products containing milk protein residues, especially in children. The need for safe and effective probiotic strains and food supplements, which contain them, is now emerging clearly. The present work describes the way of achieving this aim by the avoidance of any kind of raw materials at risk, both in probiotic strain industrial manufacturing and finished product formulation. Allergen-free probiotics represent, without any doubt, an innovative and safe tool for human health.
Deposited nanorod films for photonic crystal biosensor applications (2010)

Planar photonic crystals have been used as the basis of many biological sensing devices. Here, the authors successfully demonstrated that the combination of the photonic crystal structures and a dielectric nanorod coating prepared by the glancing-angle deposition technique can lead to significant increases in the device sensitivity. By incorporating a TiO2 nanorod coating onto the label-free photonic crystal biosensor structure, the surface area of the device is increased. The results for detection of polymer films and proteins indicate up to a 5.5 fold enhancement of detected adsorbed mass density.
New synthetic antagonists of bradykinin (1987)

1 A new synthetic bradykinin analogue was found to be an antagonist of bradykinin-induced vascular permeability in rabbit skin. It was effective in equimolar concentrations. 2 These analogues also antagonized the action of bradykinin in contracting the guinea-pig isolated ileum. The mean pA2 values of five different antagonists ranged from 5.3-6.4 respectively, on this preparation. 3 Our observations, together with those of others suggest that these antagonists act on the same receptor types, viz., B2, in rabbit blood vessels and in smooth muscle of guinea-pig ileum. 4 Our results support the view that the way is now promising for the synthesis of potent specific antagonists of bradykinin for experimental and therapeutic use.
Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Polymerized Ionic Liquids Containing Ammonium and Imidazolium Cations from Magnetic Suspension Balance:  P[VBTMA][BF<sub>4</sub>] and P[VBMI][BF<sub>4</sub>] (2007)

Based on sorption experiments up to 180 bar and 75 °C, the CO2 solubility in an ammonium-type ionic polymer, such as poly(p-vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate), is found to be much higher than that in an imidazolium-type ionic polymer, such as poly(1-(p-vinylbenzyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate), which points to a cation-type effect on the CO2 sorption in polymerized ionic liquids. These two polymers remain glassy in the temperature and pressure ranges studied in this work. The CO2 solubility increases with decreasing temperature and with increasing pressure, but it reaches a limiting value, beyond which it is insensitive to pressure.
Positive- and negative-tone water-processable photoresists: a progress report (1998)

This paper presents the progress we have made toward the development of fully water processable, negative and positive tone I-line resist systems. The negative tone system is based on styrene copolymers bearing pendant ammonium sulfonate groups and vicinal diol functionalities. The salt provides the means of rendering the polymer water soluble. The diol undergoes an acid catalyzed pinacol rearrangement that results in a polarity switch within the exposed polymer film, i.e. a solubility differential. The styrene backbone was chosen to provide dry etch resistance. Positive tone imaging requires two solubility switches. The two solubility switches are based on the reaction between acidic hydroxyl groups in a matrix polymer and vinyl ethers that are introduced as a pendant group of the polymer or as a monomeric cross-linker, i.e. a bisvinyl ether. During the post application bake, the vinyl ether reacts with an acidic hydroxyl group in a thermally activated switch, forming a crosslinked, water insoluble network through acetal linkages. These acid labile crosslink sites are then cleaved by a photochemical switch through the generation of acid, thereby rendering the exposed areas water developable.
Optimizing Receive Combining Vectors for Multiantenna Users in Multiuser MIMO Precoding (2010)

Methods to design combining vectors at the receiver for multiantenna users in the multiuser multiple-input multiple-output downlink channel are presented. The proposed methods are applicable for linear and nonlinear precoding. A fast user ordering algorithm is provided to reduce computational complexity. Furthermore, an adaptive codebook for combining vectors is presented to decrease the precoding complexity and the amount of overhead information in the downlink. Simulation results show significant gains compared with other methods such as receive antenna selection or dominant eigenmode combining.
The quest for the ideal inorganic scintillator (2002)

The past half century has witnessed the discovery of many new inorganic scintillator materials and numerous advances in our understanding of the basic physical processes governing the transformation of ionizing radiation into scintillation light. Whereas scintillators are available with a good combination of physical properties, none provides the desired combination of stopping power, light output, and decay time. A review of the numerous scintillation mechanisms of known inorganic scintillators reveals why none of them is both bright and fast. The mechanisms of radiative recombination in wide-bandgap direct semiconductors, however, remain relatively unexploited for scintillators. We describe how suitably doped semiconductor scintillators could provide a combination of high light output, short decay time, and linearity of response that approach fundamental limits.
Photochemical separation of xenon and krypton (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical separation of xenon and kryptonChristine E. Geosling and Terence. DonohueCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 4, 262–264Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00122a010https://doi.org/10.1021/es00122a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanical design of ultraprecision weak-link stages for nanometer-scale x-ray imaging (2009)

A nanopositioning diagnostic setup has been built to support the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) nanoprobe instrument commissioning process at the APS. Its laser Doppler interferometer system provides subnanometer positioning diagnostic resolution with large dynamic range. A set of original APS designed ultraprecision PZT-driven weak-link stages with high-stiffness motor-driven stages has been tested with this diagnostic setup.
Complete High Dimensional Inverse Characterization of Fractal Surfaces (2011)

The present paper describes a methodology for the inverse identification of the complete set of parameters associated with the Weirstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function that can describe any rough surface known by its profilometric or topographic data. Our effort is motivated by the need to determine the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of contact surfaces between deformable materials that conduct electricity and heat and require an analytical representation of the surfaces involved. Our method involves utilizing a refactoring of the W-M function that permits defining the characterization problem as a high dimensional singular value decomposition problem for the determination of the so-called phases of the function. Coupled with this process is a second level exhaustive search that enables the determination of the density of the frequencies involved in defining the trigonometric functions involved in the definition of the W-M function. Our approach proves that this is the only additional parameter that needs to be determined for full characterization of the W-M function as the rest can be selected arbitrarily. Numerical applications of the proposed method on both synthetic and actual elevation data, validate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed approach. This approach constitutes a radical departure from the traditional fractal dimension characterization studies and opens the road for a very large number of applications.
Anamorphic imaging spectrometer (2008)

Deployment of compact hyperspectral imaging sensors on small UAVs has the potential of providing a cost-effective solution for rapid-response target detection and cueing based on time critical spectral information collected at low altitudes. To address this goal, a new compact hyperspectral imaging sensor is being developed with an anamorphic optical system that partially decouples image formation along both the spatial and spectral axes found in conventional push-broom hyperspectral imagers. This design concept benefits from a reduction in complexity over standard highperformance spectrometer optical designs while maintaining excellent aberration control and spatial and spectral distortion characteristics. The anamorphic optical system has the advantage of removing the spectrometer slit focus along the spatial axis and in turn eliminates nearly all aberrations in the front-end optics, regardless of field angle or aperture size. This paper presents results from the first prototype anamorphic imaging spectrometer, which weighs 4 pounds and is designed for operation in the Short Wave InfraRed (SWIR) spectral band over a wavelength range of 1 μm to 1.7 μm dictated by the uncooled InGaAs focal plane array used as the detector. The anamorphic system design will be discussed and results from characterization and field measurements will be presented.
Agent Concept for Intelligent Distributed Coordination in the Electric Power Grid (2001)

Intelligent agents and multi-agent systems promise to take information management for real-time control of the power grid to a new level. This report presents our concept for intelligent agents to mediate and coordinate communications between Control Areas and Security Coordinators for real-time control of the power grid. An appendix describes the organizations and publications that deal with agent technologies.
High-definition speech synthesis (1996)

This paper describes a method for producing high-quality speech synthesis, without signal processing, using indexing and resequencing of phone-sized segments from a prerecorded speech corpus for the purpose of reproducing the voice characteristics and speaking style of the original speaker to create novel utterances. It describes procedures for indexing and retrieval using pointers into an external speech corpus that enable the synthesizer to be both language- and speaker independent. The prosody-based synthesis unit selection process does not itself produce speech sounds, but yields an index for a ‘‘random-access’’ retrieval sequence into the original speech to produce the closest approximation to a desired utterance from the segments available in a given speech corpus. To find the optimal sequence of segments for concatenation, the synthesizer first creates an inventory of phones and their acoustic and prosodic characteristics, and then selects from among these by a weighted combination of features to give an index of the segment sequences that best match the target prosody while minimizing intersegment acoustic discontinuities. It has, to date, been tested on English, Japanese, Korean, and German using more than 20 speech corpora.
Intein mediated hyper-production of authentic human basic fibroblast growth factor in Escherichia coli (2016)

Human basic fibroblast growth factor is a functionally versatile but very expensive polypeptide. In this communication, employing a novel amplification method for the target gene and genetic optimization of a previously engineered expression construct, pWK3R, together with a refined fed-batch fermentation protocol, we report an achievement of a phenomenal yield of 610 mg/L of the 146 aa authentic human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in Escherichia coli. Construct pWK3R was first modified to form plasmid pWK311ROmpAd, which was devoid of the ompA leader sequence and possessed two copies of a DNA segment encoding a fusion product comprising an intein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae vascular membrane ATPase (VMA), and bFGF. When E. coli transformant JM101 [pWK311ROmpAd] was cultivated using the refined fed-batch fermentation protocol, superb expression resulting in a total yield of 610 mg/L of bFGF was detected. Despite existing in high levels, the bFGF remained to be soluble and highly bioactive.
A 6GS/s 0.5GHz BW continuous-time 2-1-1 MASH ΔΣ modulator with phase-boosted current-mode ELD compensation in 40nm CMOS (2021)

This paper presents a 6GS/s 0.5GHz bandwidth CT 2-1-1 MASH 3b ΔΣ modulator in 40nm CMOS. To enable the 0.5GHz bandwidth, the modulator employs current-mode excess loop delay compensation with phase boosting, current-mode locally-time-interleaved quantizers, and on-chip comparator offset calibration to realize high-speed ELD-compensated 3-bit quantizers. High sampling frequency, multi-bit quantization and multi-stage noise-shaping enable the ADC to achieve 58dB DR in 500MHz BW when sampled at 6GHz. If sampled at 4GHz, 65dB DR can be achieved at a BW of 300MHz.
The Tomato Terpene Synthase Gene Family 1(W)(OA) (2011)

Compounds of the terpenoid class play numerous roles in the interactions of plants with their environment, such as attracting pollinators and defending the plant against pests. We show here that the genome of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains 44 terpene synthase (TPS) genes, including 29 that are functional or potentially functional. Of these 29 TPS genes, 26 were expressed in at least some organs or tissues of the plant. The enzymatic functions of eight of the TPS proteins were previously reported, and here we report the specific in vitro catalytic activity of 10 additional tomato terpene synthases. Many of the tomato TPS genes are found in clusters, notably on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 8, and 10. All TPS family clades previously identified in angiosperms are also present in tomato. The largest clade of functional TPS genes found in tomato, with 12 members, is the TPS-a clade, and it appears to encode only sesquiterpene synthases, one of which is localized to the mitochondria, while the rest are likely cytosolic. A few additional sesquiterpene synthases are encoded by TPS-b clade genes. Some of the tomato sesquiterpene synthases use z,z-farnesyl diphosphate in vitro as well, or more efficiently than, the e,efarnesyl diphosphate substrate. Genes encoding monoterpene synthases are also prevalent, and they fall into three clades: TPS-b, TPS-g, and TPS-e/f. With the exception of two enzymes involved in the synthesis of ent-kaurene, the precursor of gibberellins, no other tomato TPS genes could be demonstrated to encode diterpene synthases so far. Terpenes constitute a large class of compounds that serve multiple roles in plants. They are made of a fivecarbon isoprene-building unit. Some hormones, such as GAs, abscisic acid, strigolactones, and cytokinins, are made up in whole or in part by terpenes. A much larger class of terpenes belong to the class of compounds defined as specialized metabolites, those compounds whose synthesis is restricted to specific plant lineages and that serve specific physiological and ecological roles. Many thousands of such terpenes are known in the plant kingdom, with each plant spe
Chemical and Physical Characterization of Four Interfacial-Active Rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874 Grown on n-Alkanes (1985)

Four extracellular glycolipids produced under growth-limiting conditions were isolated from the culture broth of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874. After purification by column and thick-layer chromatography they were identified as anionic rhamnolipids. 1H and 13C-NMR studies showed that two of these, beta(beta(2-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)decanoyl)decanoic acid and beta(beta(2-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosylox y)decanoyloxy) decanoic acid, were identical with compounds described previously, while the other more hydrophilic compounds, beta(2-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)decanoic acid and beta(2-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy) decanoic acid, were new compounds. Surface and interfacial activity of the organic crude extract and of the purified components were determined in different aqueous solutions. The pH-dependence of surface and interfacial properties of the two previously described rhamnolipids (4, 20, 23) were examined in Teorell-Stenhagen-buffer (supplemented with 10% NaCl) at pH 3.0 and pH 9.0. All rhamnolipids reduced the surface-tension from 72 to about 30 mN/m and the interfacial-tension from 42 to about 1 mN/m. The critical micelle concentrations were of the order of 5 to 200 mg/l depending on the structure of the molecule.
Statistical Tropical Cyclone Wind Radii Prediction Using Climatology and Persistence: Updates for the Western North Pacific (2018)

Abstract This note describes an updated tropical cyclone vortex climatology for the western North Pacific version of the operational wind radii climatology and persistence (i.e., CLIPER) model. The update addresses known shortcomings of the existing formulation, namely, that the wind radii used to develop the original model were too small and symmetric. The underlying formulation of the CLIPER model has not changed, but the larger and more realistic vortex climatology produces improved forecast biases. Other applications that make use of the vortex climatology and CLIPER model forecasts should also benefit from the bias improvements.