gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-Hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-dione-5-<i>N</i>-benzylcarboxamides Potently Inhibit HIV-1 Integrase and RNase H (2016)

Resistance selection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) toward known drug regimens necessitates the discovery of structurally novel antivirals with a distinct resistance profile. On the basis of our previously reported 3-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-dione (HPD) core, we have designed and synthesized a new integrase strand transfer (INST) inhibitor type featuring a 5-N-benzylcarboxamide moiety. Significantly, the 6-alkylamino variant of this new chemotype consistently conferred low nanomolar inhibitory activity against HIV-1. Extended antiviral testing against a few raltegravir-resistant HIV-1 clones revealed a resistance profile similar to that of the second generation INST inhibitor (INSTI) dolutegravir. Although biochemical testing and molecular modeling also strongly corroborate the inhibition of INST as the antiviral mechanism of action, selected antiviral analogues also potently inhibited reverse transcriptase (RT) associated RNase H, implying potential dual target inhibition. In vitro ADME assays demonstrated that this novel chemotype possesses largely favorable physicochemical properties suitable for further development.
Synthesis and structural properties of new metallic phases exhibiting non-crystallographic symmetries (1994)

In carrying out research on aluminum-glasses (Al-glasses), several unusual results are found: (1) Submillimeter dutile glassy ribbons are obtained. (2) Significant enhancement in the tensile strength is measured in Al-glass ribbons with Al nanocrystallites embedded in them. (3) Deformation induced crystallization within the shear bands is observed for the first time. (4) Strong Al-transition metal interaction is inferred from x-ray and neutron diffraction measurements. These results have added to our understanding of formation and microstructure-mechanical effect relationships of metal glasses, and also to the technological values of these materials. We have begun to apply our findings to the synthesis and studies of bulk metallic-glass and nanocrystalline alloys. Thus far, we have succeeded in making subcentimeter glasses based on rare-earths and magnesium-tin, nanocrystalline alloys based on refractory metals via conventional casting, and as well as, centimeter Al-glass button via consolidation of amorphous powders obtained by ball-milling. In collaboration with Professor T. Egami at U. Penn., a method for obtaining two- dimensional atomic pair distribution is developed to unravel the structure of decagonal crystals. The new method will be applied to study layered materials. Submillimeter aluminum-glass ribbons, Subcentimeter, Glassy and nanocrystalline alloys, Mechanical properties, Structural studies, Decagonal crystals
Fixing the Phantom Center: Diffusing Acoustical Crosstalk (2009)

When two loudspeakers play the same signal, a “phantom center ” image is produced between the speakers. However, this image differs from one produced by a real center speaker. In particular, acoustical crosstalk produces a comb-filtering effect, with cancellations that may be in the frequency range needed for the intelligibility of speech. We present a method for using phase decorrelation to fill in these gaps and produce a flatter magnitude response, reducing coloration and potentially enhancing dialogue clarity. This method also improves headphone compatibility, and it reduces the tendency of the phantom image to move toward the nearest speaker. In this article, we will explore some of the issues of the “phantom center ” image, with an emphasis on the comb-like frequency responses produced when correlated signals are played through a pair of
Reductively Dissociable siRNA‐Polymer Hybrid Nanogels for Efficient Targeted Gene Silencing (2012)

Abstract A highly efficient approach for target‐specific gene silencing based on a reductively dissociable nanogel incorporating small interfering RNA (siRNA) crosslinked with linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) via disulfide bonds is presented. Thiol‐terminated siRNA at both 3′‐ends is electrostatically complexed with thiol‐grafted LPEI. The prepared siRNA/LPEI complex contains inter‐ and intramolecular linkages, generating a mutually crosslinked siRNA/LPEI nanogel (MCN) that exhibits excellent structural stability against the addition of heparin but is readily disintegrated to biologically active, monomeric siRNA upon exposure to reductive conditions. Accordingly, the highly condensed, stable MCN shows greatly enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing efficiency compared to the siRNA/LPEI complexes without crosslinks or with only LPEI‐mediated crosslinks.
Planar rotational magnetic micromotors with integrated shaft encoder and magnetic rotor levitation (1994)

Deep x-ray lithography and electroplating may be combined to form a fabrication tool for micromechanical devices with large structural heights, to 500 micron, and extreme edge acuities, less than 0.1 micron-run-out per 100 micron of height. This process concept which originated in Germany as LIGA may be further extended by adding surface micromachining. This extension permits the fabrication of precision metal and plastic parts which may be assembled into three-dimensional micromechanical components and systems. The processing tool may be used to fabricate devices from ferromagnetic material such as nickel and nickel-iron alloys. These materials when properly heat treated exhibit acceptable magnetic behavior for current to flux conversion and marginal behavior for permanent magnet applications. The tool and materials have been tested via planar, magnetic, rotational micromotor fabrication. Three phase reluctance machines of the 6:4 configuration with 280 micron diameter rotors have been tested and analyzed. Stable rotational speeds to 34,000 rpm with output torques above 10 x 10(exp -9) N-m have been obtained. The behavior is monitored with integrated shaft encoders which are photodiodes which measure the rotor response. Magnetic levitation of the rotor via reluctance forces has been achieved and has reduced frictional torque losses to less than 1 percent of the available torque. The results indicate that high speed limits of these actuators are related to torque ripple. Hysteresis motors with magnetic bearings are under consideration and will produce high speed rotational machines with excellent sensor application potential.
Urine trypsinogen-2 as marker of acute pancreatitis (1996)

We examined the clinical utility of urine trypsinogen-2 as a marker of acute pancreatitis (AP). Fifty-nine patients with AP, 42 with acute abdominal diseases of extrapancreatic origin, and 63 without evidence of acute abdominal disease were studied. Urine trypsinogen-2 was determined by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. As reference methods we used serum trypsinogen-2, urine amylase, and serum amylase. The diagnostic accuracy of the markers was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. At admission, urine trypsinogen-2 differentiated patients with AP from controls with high accuracy. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.978, which was equal to that of serum trypsinogen-2 (0.998) and serum amylase (0.969) and significantly larger than that of urine amylase. For differentiation between severe and mild AP, urine trypsinogen-2 (0.730) was equal to serum trypsinogen-2 (0.721), and clearly better than amylase in serum and urine. These results suggest that determination of urine trypsinogen-2 is a useful test to detect AP and to evaluate disease severity.
Pressure-Sealing Optical Coupling (1988)

Light signals passed out of high-pressure cryogenic environment. Optical coupling passes signals in fiber-optic channels across pressure-and-temperature barrier. Coupling made in different configurations and modified to suit requirements of different cryogenic instrumentation systems.
Evaluation of DNA methylation in promoter regions of SFRP4 and ZAR1 in urine and plasma of women with cervical lesions (2017)

Background: Aberrant DNA hypermethylation in tumor suppressor genes is a common feature in cervical cancer (CC). This abnormal hypermethylation could be used as potential biomarkers for detecting CC in non-invasive samples such as urine and plasma.Methods: This study aimed to evaluate in urine and plasma the methylation status of two genes previously found hypermethylated in CC (ZAR1 and SFRP4) and assesses their diagnostic value. Thus, DNA methylation was measured in 171 paired samples of urine and plasma taken from women with non-lesions [60], low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (L-SIL) [40], high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (H-SIL) [40] and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [31] by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP).Results: In urine, a significant difference was observed for methylation levels of SFRP4 between cancer group and all the other groups (P<0.005), but not for ZAR1. The ROC analysis in urine showed an AUC of 0.633 for both genes, with a specificity of 83.3% and a sensitivity of 45.16%. In plasma, there were no significant differences of DNA methylation levels either for ZAR1 or SFRP4 genes between the studied groups; however, an AUC of 0.6333 was obtained with a sensitivity of 93.55%.Conclusions: Hypermethylation of SFRP4 promoter region in urine could be used as CC biomarker within a panel of methylated genes.
Overview of Biomechanical and Biochemical Pulping Research (1998)

The fungal pretreatment of wood chips prior to mechanical pulping saves electrical energy, improves paper strength properties, and reduces pitch content. Fungal pretreatment is also effective on nonwoody plants and benefits sulfite, organosolv, and dissolving pulp production. Preliminary results with biokraft pulping are encouraging, but an in-depth evaluation is required. The results of two pilot-scale outdoor chip pile experiments recently conducted at the Forest Products Laboratory were comparable to those obtained using laboratory-scale bioreactors. The economics of the process are attractive, and the process appears to fit into existing pulp mill facilities with some modifications.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIHERPETIC ACTIVITY OF (S)‐, (R)‐, AND (.+‐.)‐9‐((2,3‐DIHYDROXY‐1‐PROPOXY)METHYL)GUANINE, LINEAR ISOMERS OF 2′‐NOR‐2′‐DEOXYGUANOSINE (1985)

Abstract Über die Verbindungen (VI) und (X) erhält man die Guanine (VIII), die aufWirkung gegen Herpes‐simplex Viren (HSV‐l und HSV‐Z) getestet werden.
Incorporating evanescent modes and flow losses into reference impedances in acoustic Thévenin calibration (2017)

This paper proposes an alternative approach to acoustic Thévenin calibration of an ear probe. An existing methodology derives the Thévenin-equivalent source parameters from the measured probe pressures in a number of short waveguides by solving an overdetermined system of equations. This existing methodology is affected by errors caused by evanescent modes when the waveguide model lengths are estimated. These errors introduce a parallel acoustic compliance into the source parameters. The proposed methodology takes into account evanescent modes and flow losses in the transition between the probe tube and waveguides during calibration. This is achieved by positioning the probe tube, without an ear tip, flush with the input plane in waveguides of well-defined dimensions and utilizing the physical rather than estimated lengths to calculate the analytical waveguide models. Terms that model evanescent modes and flow losses are added to the plane-wave impedance and adjusted to minimize the calibration error. It is shown that this method can reduce the calibration error across a wide frequency range and remove the parallel compliance from the source parameters. This approach leads to an independence of the source parameters on the calibration waveguide radius, though subsequent impedance measurements are still affected by evanescent modes.
High Current Density Contacts for GaAs Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches (1993)

The current densities implied by current filaments in GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) are in excess of 1 MA/cm{sup 2}. As the lateral switches are tested repeatedly, damage accumulates at the contacts until electrical breakdown occurs across the surface of the insulating region. In order to improve the switch lifetime, the incorporation of n- and p-type ohmic contacts in lateral switches as well as surface geometry modifications have been investigated. By using p-type AuBe ohmic contacts at the anode and n-type AuGe ohmic contacts at the cathode, contact lifetime improvements of 5--10x were observed compared to switches with n-type contacts at both anode and cathode. Failure analysis on samples operated for 1--1,000 shots show that extensive damage still exists for at least one contact on all switches observed and that temperatures approaching 500{degrees}C are can be reached. However, the n-type AuGe cathode is often found to have no damage observable by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed patterns of contact degradation indicate directions for future contact improvements in lateral switches.
Structural Adhesive Bonds to Primers Electrodeposited on Steel (1987)

Abstract Adhesive bond strength and durability were investigated for steel substrates which had been cathodically electroprimed before bonding. Lap shear and torsional impact strengths of two model epoxy adhesives were evaluated. Very poor strengths and durability were found for one adhesive, which was cured with a mixture of three amine curing agents. Scanning electron microscopy and analysis of primer susceptibility to interaction with the curing agents suggested that, for the high concentrations of curing agent in the amine-cured adhesive, chemical and physical degradation of the primer occurred during cure at elevated temperature. For the second adhesive, which was cured with a single imidazole catalyst, excellent strength and durability were obtained, with no evidence of primer degradation. Surprisingly, for this adhesive, strengths to primed steel were up to 88% higher than to cleaned (i.e., degreased) bare steel. The concurrent improvements in environmental durability over bare steel, as assessed by water immersion and salt spray accelerated exposures, were attributed to the more favourable surface energetics of the adhesive/primer interface.
Multifocal intraocular lens providing optimized through-focus performance (2013)

A widespread type of multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) is based on expanding the depth of focus with specific amounts of spherical aberration. However, knowing the optimal wavefront aberration for multifocality does not directly provide a MIOL geometry. To overcome this issue, we present a new strategy to design MIOLs. The method optimizes directly the IOL surface geometries (aspheres with aspherical coefficients up to tenth order) using a multisurface pseudophakic eye model and a multiconfiguration approach, where the merit function jointly considers the optical quality at different object plane locations. An example of MIOL [22 diopters (D) far distance correction] was designed. For this design, the ocular modulator transfer function (MTF) at 50 cycles per millimeter remained above 0.47 for all object locations. The design provides high optical quality performance for far and intermediate distances and peak optical performance at near distances (MTF>0.57). Additionally, the design shows good performance against pupil changes (3-5 mm pupil diameter range). Finally, when the MIOL was tested on pseudophakic eye models with corneal spherical aberrations within a typical population range, the high multifocal performance was maintained in almost 40% of potential patients (ignoring asymmetric aberrations effects).
A 3-D SAR approach to IFSAR processing (2000)

Interferometric SAR (IFSAR) can be shown to be a special case of 3-D SAR image formation. In fact, traditional IFSAR processing results in the equivalent of merely a super-resolved, under-sampled, 3-D SAR image. However, when approached as a 3-D SAR problem, a number of IFSAR properties and anomalies are easily explained. For example, IFSAR decorrelation with height is merely ordinary migration in 3-D SAR. Consequently, treating IFSAR as a 3-D SAR problem allows insight and development of proper motion compensation techniques and image formation operations to facilitate optimal height estimation. Furthermore, multiple antenna phase centers and baselines are easily incorporated into this formulation, providing essentially a sparse array in the elevation dimension. This paper shows the Polar Format image formation algorithm extended to 3 dimensions, and then proceeds to apply it to the IFSAR collection geometry. This suggests a more optimal reordering of the traditional IFSAR processing steps.
Spectrophotometric Method for the Assay of Human Blood Coagulation Factor VIII (1987)

A spectrophotometric method for the assay of human blood coagulation factor VIII in plasma is presented. The chromogenic assay for factor VIII:C in plasma is performed in 3 steps: activation of factor VIII by thrombin; activation of factor X in a mixture of factor X, factor IXa, phospholipids/Ca2+ and plasma containing activated factor VIII, and determination of the rate of factor Xa formation with the chromogenic substrate S2337. Within-assay variation was between 5 and 6.9% for factor VIII:C activities between 20 and 150%. Clotting and chromogenic factor VIII:C activities were compared in plasma of 50 normal healthy donors (coefficient of correlation r = 0.83).
Recent Development of Dielectric Elastomer Transducers and Potential Applications (2023)

Power generation using dielectric elastomer transducers is cheap, light, stackable, easy to install, and highly efficient. Also, since the dielectric elastomer transducer is an actuator developed into an artificial muscle, if the DE motor is further developed, it might be possibly be able to drive a vehicle. Efficient robot driving, various industrial machines and the use of dielectric elastomer sensors to optimize the driving may also help solve the above problems from the perspective of eco-driving. This paper describes the latest level of development of dielectric elastomers, their main problems and solutions to these problems, and their potential applications. The possibilities and concrete plans for building local global smart cities (including local generation power for local consumption), efficient transportation, and environmental monitoring systems utilizing dielectric elastomers are also discussed.
High Temperature Thermographic Phosphor Coatings Development (2003)

For many years, phosphor thermometry has been used for non-contact temperature measurements. A large number of applications have been associated with high temperatures, especially for aerospace systems where blackbody radiation backgrounds are large and in challenging environments, such as vibration, rotation, flame, or noise. These environments restrict the use of more common thermocouples or infrared thermometric techniques. In particular, temperature measurements inside jet turbines, rocket engines, or similar devices are especially amenable to phosphor techniques. Often the fluorescent materials are used as powders, either suspended in binders and applied like paint or applied as high-temperature sprays. Thin coatings that are less than 50 m thick are used on the surfaces of interest. These coatings will quickly assume the same temperature as the surface to which they are applied. The temperature dependence of fluorescent materials is a function of the base matrix atoms and a small quantity of added activator or dopant ions. Often for high temperature applications, the selected materials are refractory and include rare earth ions. Phosphors like Y3Al5O12 (YAG) doped with Eu, Dy, or Tm, Y2O3 doped with Eu, or similar rare earth compounds, will survive high temperatures and can be configured to emit light that changes rapidly in lifetime and intensity. For example, researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory recently observed fluorescence from YAG:Dy and YAG:Tm at temperatures above 1400 C. One of the biggest challenges is to locate a binder material that can withstand tremendous variations in temperature in an adverse aerospace environment. This poster will provide an overview into our attempt to utilize phosphors for thermometry purposes. Emphasis will be placed on the use of selected binder materials that can withstand high temperatures. This research was completed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.
A scalable spherical microphone array for spatial sound capture (2004)

With recent popular consumer acceptance of surround-sound audio, there is the need to develop new technologies that will allow for more accurate sound-field recording commensurate with or exceeding current multichannel audio playback systems. Real-world playback systems can have widely varying geometries and number of channels due to space and aesthetic requirements. Thus, there is a need to have a general recording scheme that allows for computationally simple modifications of the signals to optimize the playback for any geometry and number of playback speakers. One would also like to have a recording system that is scalable for future advances in spatial audio playback technology. A spherical microphone array has been proposed as a solution to these requirements. A spherical array has the desired property of enabling a beam pattern that is steering direction invariant with a relatively simple beamformer structure. The spherical array topology enables scalability and an elegant and mathematically straightforward beamformer design for efficient sampling and processing of the acoustic field. This talk will describe how the spherical array beamformer decomposes the sound field into compact multichannel representations that allow computationally efficient transformations to uniquely tailor the playback signals to any specific playback geometry.
Abstract B051: Super cross-presentation of tumor antigens by synthetic design of an anti-phosphatidylserine bridge protein (2016)

Abstract Cell loss by apoptosis is a common feature in tumors. Dying tumor cells induce immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment largely through highly conserved homeostatic clearance programs that restore tissue immune homeostasis and contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive niche. The translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS) on cellular membranes, during the initial phases of apoptosis, functions as a recognition and removal signal that limits the immunogenicity of cell death. We examined whether altering clearance of dying cancer cells to elicit inflammatory turnover can allow for and potentiate immune responses against tumor cells. To remove inhibitory signals in the homeostatic clearance pathway we utilized a molecular bridge scaffold to engineer a modified phosphatidylserine bridge protein (FA58C2-hIgG1 or C2-hIgG1) that works as a bridge between apoptotic cells expressing aminophospholipids and phagocytes bearing Fc receptors. In vivo administration of C2-hIgG1 partially restores immune responses to dead tumor cells in antigen cross presentation assays and promotes recruitment and retention of tumor antigen specific CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells into tumors. These effects combine to elicit anti-lymphoma immunity, improve responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and enhance the effectiveness of adoptive T cell transfers using engineered T Cell Receptors (TCRs) but not chimeric antigen receptor engineered (CAR-T) T cells. Citation Format: Daniel Corey, Aaron Ring, Melissa McCracken, Masanori Miyanishi, Sydney Gordon, Irving Weissman. Super cross-presentation of tumor antigens by synthetic design of an anti-phosphatidylserine bridge protein [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B051.