gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and structure-property relationships of regioirregular poly(3-hexylthiophenes) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structure-property relationships of regioirregular poly(3-hexylthiophenes)Huanyu Mao, Bai Xu, and Steven HoldcroftCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5, 1163–1169Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00057a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1064Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (850 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
PiB-Conjugated, Metal-Based Imaging Probes: Multimodal Approaches for the Visualization of β-Amyloid Plaques (2013)

In an effort toward the visualization of β-amyloid plaques by in vivo imaging techniques, we have conjugated an optimized derivative of the Pittsburgh compound B (PiB), a well-established marker of Aβ plaques, to DO3A-monoamide that is capable of forming stable, noncharged complexes with different trivalent metal ions including Gd(3+) for MRI and (111)In(3+) for SPECT applications. Proton relaxivity measurements evidenced binding of Gd(DO3A-PiB) to the amyloid peptide Aβ1-40 and to human serum albumin, resulting in a two- and four-fold relaxivity increase, respectively. Ex vivo immunohistochemical studies showed that the DO3A-PiB complexes selectively target Aβ plaques on Alzheimer's disease human brain tissue. Ex vivo biodistribution data obtained for the (111)In-analogue pointed to a moderate blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration in adult male Swiss mice (without amyloid deposits) with 0.36% ID/g in the cortex at 2 min postinjection.
Tensile stress in hard metal films (2003)

Thin films on substrates are usually in a stressed state. An important, but trivial, contribution to that stress stems from the difference in thermal expansion coefficient of substrate and film. Much more interesting are the intrinsic stresses, resulting from the growth and/or microstructure of the film. Intrinsic compressive stress was explained by d’Heurle in 1970. Intrinsic tensile stress for recrystallizing metal films was treated succesfully by Doljack and Hoffman in 1972. In the present letter we explain the occurrence of tensile stress in nonrecrystallizing metal films. The explanation is based on modern grain growth models and accurate stress measurements. The key ingredient to the explanation is the proof of the existence of a stress gradient in nonrecrystallizing metal films.
Mutations of the catalytic domain of PI3 kinase and correlation with clinical outcome in trastuzumab-treated metastatic breast cancer (MBC). (2011)

582 Background: Resistance to HER2 antagonism in HER2-positive breast cancer has been associated with activation of the PI3K signaling pathway. PIK3CA mutations in exon 9 and exon 20 have been shown to activate the AKT-mTOR pathway downstream of EGFR-family receptor tyrosine kinases, where most targeted drugs for breast cancer exert their effect. Methods: We measured PIK3CA mutation status in exons 9 (E545K and E542K) and 20 (H1047R) using two different methods [pyrosequencing (Monogram) and an allele-specific, real-time PCR assay (D×S)] and correlated the results with clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients (pts) with trastuzumab-treated MBC. Results: 22/85 pts (26%) with available FFPE tissue had mutations in exon 9 or exon 20. Results obtained by the two methods were 100% concordant. No statistically significant association was seen between the presence of PIK3CA mutations and the levels of HER2, HER3, or p95HER2, as measured by VeraTag™ (HERmark), although there was a trend favoring lower p95 levels in mutants (p=0.07). Including all pts, no differences were observed in either PFS (HR 1.23 for mutant vs. WT, p=0.47) or OS (HR 1.56, p=0.19). In HER2 FISH-positive pts (N=65), no differences were observed in either PFS (HR 1.72, p=0.15) or OS (HR 2.08, p=0.09). PIK3CA mutants fared better in the FISH-negative population (N=20) for PFS (HR 0.34, p=0.03) but not for OS (HR 0.74, p=0.6). Among pts that overexpressed HER2 protein (>13.8 by HERmark, N=59), those with exon 9 mutations, but not those with exon 20 mutations, experienced shorter PFS (HR 8.04, p=0.004 and HR 1.06, p=0.89, respectively) and OS (HR 4.85, p=0.03 and HR 1.48, p=0.45, respectively) when compared to PI3K WT pts. Conclusions: Exon 9 mutations appeared to exert a deleterious effect on outcomes, but exon 20 mutations did not. Pts with PIK3CA mutations, but without HER2 gene amplification, experienced better outcomes on trastuzumab treatment than PIK3CA WT pts, while no association was observed in HER2 amplified pts. These data are hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger controlled datasets of trastuzumab-treated MBC pts. Grant support from Komen for the Cure.
Analytical evaluation of i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer and use by nonlaboratory health-care professionals (1993)

We evaluated the performance of the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer, a hand-held instrument that, with its current cartridge, analyzes for electrolytes, urea nitrogen, glucose, and hematocrit in approximately 60 microL of whole blood in approximately 90 s. Accuracy, imprecision, and linearity studies were performed with aqueous controls and standards and by split-sample analysis. Intrarun imprecision (CV) ranged from 0.34% to 3.97%. Total imprecision over a 2-month period ranged from 0.42% to 4.83%, with urea nitrogen and glucose analyses generating the higher values. Patients' results from the Portable Clinical Analyzer correlated well with those obtained for whole blood or plasma by the Nova Stat Profile 5, the Beckman Synchron CX3, or the Technicon H1 Hematology Analyzer, with Sylx values < 0.2 mmol/L for potassium; < 1.5 mmol/L for sodium, glucose, and urea nitrogen; < 2.4 mmol/L for chloride, and < 2.4% for hematocrit. We also ascertained imprecision and accuracy of the system placed in a cardiothoracic intensive-care unit and operated by nurses. There were no significant differences in either the imprecision or accuracy of the system in this setting. We conclude that operator technique is not a factor in the analytical performance of the system and that it can be used by nonlaboratorians with a high degree of confidence that reliable results will be obtained.
Deep Learning-Based Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting and Clinical Applications (2019)

The accuracy of deep learning-based semantic segmentation may surpass that of previous methods. DBS targeting and its clinical application were made possible using accurate deep learning-based semantic segmentation, which is adaptive to anatomical variations.
TYPE‐1 PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR IN HUMAN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (1996)

In experimental models, plasminogen activator-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix is inhibited by type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). PAI-1 has also been shown to protect tumour stromal tissue from autoproteolytic activities and may thus substantially promote tumour growth and metastasis formation. Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells express significant amounts of plasminogen activator activity. In the present study, the expression of its specific inhibitor PAI-1 has been investigated in 32 cases of RCC and compared with adjacent non-tumour renal tissues. RCC tissue exhibited higher levels of PAI-1, determined at both the antigen and the mRNA level by ELISA and Northern blot analysis respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PAI-1 antigen was primarily confined to tumour cells and vascular endothelium, a distribution similar to that previously reported for plasminogen activator activity in RCC. The close co-localization with endogenous plasminogen activator activity may be important in the regulation of RCC-associated proteolysis. The increased expression of PAI-1 and its predominant localization within the tumour may help to conserve tumour tissue integrity and may thus promote RCC progression and metastasis formation.
A method for indexing Web pages using Web bots (2002)

Today's search engines use one of two approaches to indexing Web pages. They either (i) analyze the frequency of the words appearing in the entire or a part of the text of the target Web page, or (ii) they use sophisticated algorithms to take into account associations of words in the indexed Web page. The basic difference between the existing methods and the one discussed here is that these methods rely on a structure of Web page linkages that lead from or to the indexed page. In contrast, our method uses the content of the pages linked to or from the indexed page for indexing. So our method uses a structure of words used by the linked pages, whereas the current methods use the structure of the connections between linked pages. We propose and demonstrate usage of a new method based on bots which analyze content of the pages linked to or from the page of interest. We analyze the similarity of the word usage at the different link distance from the page of interest and demonstrate that a structure of words used by the linked pages enables more efficient indexing and search.
Book reviews (1995)

Language, Minority Education and Gender . David Corson. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1993. Pp. x + 245. ISBN 1–85359–209–9 (pbk): £11.95. Coping with Two Cultures: British Asian and Indo‐Canadian Adolescents P.A. Singh Ghuman. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1994. Pp. xvi + 160. ISBN 1–85359–201–3 (pbk): £11.95 London Jamaican: Language Systems in Interaction Mark Sebba. London & New York: Longman, 1993. Pp. viii + 192. ISBN 0–582–08095–9 (pbk): £10.99. Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Richard Towell and Roger Hawkins Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1994. Pp vii + 280. ISBN 0–85359–234‐X (pbk): £12.95 Teaching‐and‐Learning Language‐and‐Culture Byram, M., Morgan, C. et al. (1994). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters. Pp. 219. ISBN: 1–85359–211–0 (pbk): £13.95
Biofunctionalized pectin hydrogels as 3D cellular microenvironments (2015)

In situ-forming hydrogels of pectin, a polysaccharide present in the cell wall of higher plants, were prepared using an internal ionotropic gelation strategy based on calcium carbonate/d-glucono-δ-lactone, and explored for the first time as cell delivery vehicles. Since no ultrapure pectins are commercially available yet, a simple and efficient purification method was established, effectively reducing the levels of proteins, polyphenols and endotoxins of the raw pectin. The purified pectin was then functionalized by carbodiimide chemistry with a cell-adhesive peptide (RGD). Its gelation was analyzed by rheometry and optimized. Human mesenchymal stem cells embedded within unmodified and RGD-pectin hydrogels of different viscoelasticities (1.5 and 2.5 wt%) remained viable and metabolically active for up to 14 days. On unmodified pectin hydrogels, cells remained isolated and round-shaped. In contrast, within RGD-pectin hydrogels they elongated, spread, established cell-to-cell contacts, produced extracellular matrix, and migrated outwards the hydrogels. After 7 days of subcutaneous implantation in mice, acellular pectin hydrogels were considerably degraded, particularly the 1.5 wt% hydrogels. Altogether, these findings show the great potential of pectin-based hydrogels, which combine an interesting set of easily tunable properties, including the in vivo degradation profile, for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Changes in myocardial oxygenation and perfusion under pharmacological stress with dipyridamole: Assessment using T*2 and T1 measurements (1999)

The aim of this pilot-study was to evaluate changes in myocardial oxygenation and perfusion under pharmacological stress with dipyridamole (DIP) by means of MRI. Twenty healthy volunteers were examined using a multi-echo gradient-echo sequence. The differential myocardial signal response due to the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect was studied under variable conditions of myocardial oxygen supply caused by the vasodilator DIP. Unlike contrast agents (CA) methods, which require at least two injections of CA and DIP, the presented methods require only a single infusion of DIP. To assess changes in myocardial perfusion, a saturation recovery TurboFLASH (SRTFL) sequence with centric reordering for T1 measurements was used with global and slice-selective spin-preparation (five volunteers). The signal response was measured at baseline conditions and when myocardial blood flow was increased during pharmacological stress with DIP. Administration of DIP induced a 17 ± 9% increase in T*2. Enhanced perfusion resulted in a 15 ± 5% decrease of T1 after slice-selective spin preparation and a calculated increase in absolute perfusion of about 5.1 ml/(g × min), which reflects coronary reserve. The study shows that DIP-induced alterations in the relationship between myocardial oxygen supply and demand are detectable in healthy volunteers using T*2 and T1 measurements. A combination of T*2 and T1 examinations could become a useful diagnostic tool for the non-invasive assessment of myocardial oxygenation and perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Magn Reson Med 41:686–695, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Implementation and Analysis of Multiple Polar Harmonic Equations in a Rotatory Two Dimensional Graphical Plane for Thumb Pore Identification (2013)

Polar harmonic transforms (PHTs) are a set of 2D transforms, which are based on a set of orthogonal projection bases, to generate a set of features which are invariant to rotation. PHTs represent a set of transforms whose kernels are basic waves and harmonic in nature. In this paper, Polar harmonic transforms (PHTs) are analyzed for rotation invariance and two equations are compared, namely, Polar Complex Exponential Transform (PCET) and Polar Cosine Transform (PCT), based on different parameters like Euclidean distance, False Rejection Rate (FRR) and False Acceptance Rate (FAR). Out of these two equations, Polar Cosine Transform (PCT) shows better results. The polar harmonic equations perform well in presence of rotation. Orthogonal kernels of PHTs are more effective in terms of information compactness and minimal information redundancy.
<scp>G</scp>umperz,<scp>J</scp>ohn<scp>J</scp>. (1922–2013) (2018)

John J. Gumperz was a central figure in research at the intersection of anthropology, language, and education, who developed a systematic and replicable ethnographic approach known as interactional sociolinguistics. Interactional sociolinguistics provided a conceptual basis for Gumperz's research on the impact of differences in discourse processes in and across social contexts (e.g., home, business, legal, classroom). In education, his research provided empirical evidence of the linguistic difference thesis, which challenged psychological arguments that low‐income children entered school without a fully developed language—what was called the “linguistic deficit thesis.” In collaboration with Jenny Cook‐Gumperz, he developed conceptual and empirical understandings about literacy skills as social constructions, further challenging views of low‐income and linguistically diverse students as deficient in the core skills necessary for academic achievement in schools. His research also made visible the impact of such differences in the achievement of a speaker's goals in communicative events of everyday life.
Changes in the sulfated proteoglycans synthesized by “aging” chondrocytes. I. Dispersed cultured chondrocytes and in vivo cartilages. (1981)

Structural and chemical changes in the sulfated proteoglycans synthesized by "aging" cultures of dispersed chondrocytes were compared to those synthesized by freshly excised, intact cartilage explants in organ culture from chickens of various ages. In vitro, chondrocytes isolated from embryonic chick vertebral cartilages synthesized a proteoglycan monomer characteristic of cartilage (type IV). Monomers synthesized between 3 days and 6 weeks in culture: (i) showed a decrease in average molecular size, which could be correlated, in part, with a decrease in the average size of the chondroitin sulfate chains; (ii) were able to interact with hyaluronic acid to form proteoglycan aggregates regardless of size; (iii) maintained a relatively constant 6S/4S disaccharide ratio of 2.2 for chondroitin sulfate; and (iv) maintained a constant keratan sulfate composition of 5 to 10%. Sulfated proteoglycans synthesized by freshly excised embryonic tibia cartilaginous head and by tibial articular cartilages of 1- and 6-year-old chickens were compared. With age: (i) the type IV monomer size decreased; (ii) the chondroitin sulfate chain size decreased; (iii) the type IV monomers retained their ability to interact with hyaluronic acid; (iv) the 6S/4S disaccharide ratio decreased from 1.7 to 0.6; (v) the keratan sulfate composition increased from 7 to 40%. Although monomer sizes decrease in both the culture and explant systems, in other respects the differences are considerable. These findings suggest that the changes in sulfated proteoglycans observed in subcultured monolayers of chondrocytes must be interpreted with caution when attempting to relate them to the changes that occur in aging in vivo chondrocytes.
Mutation analysis of <i>C‐KIT</i> in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes without mastocytosis and cases of systemic mastocytosis (2001)

The proto-oncogene C-KIT encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor that is expressed on mast cells and haematopoietic stem cells and can show somatic mutations in patients with mastocytosis. Only scattered information is available about mutations in C-KIT in patients with other myeloid neoplasms. Moreover, the prevalence of mutations in C-KIT in bone marrow specimens of individuals with systemic mastocytosis is largely unknown. Using sequence analysis, we have screened cDNAs of the C-KIT domain encompassing codon 510-626 and codon 763-858 in bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MNCs) of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (n = 28) and patients with systemic mastocytosis (n = 12) for the presence of mutations. Furthermore, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was applied for identification of the C-KIT 2468A-->T and the C-KIT 1700T-->G mutation, as well as the C-KIT 1642A-->C polymorphism. All 11 patients with systemic indolent mastocytosis tested positive for C-KIT 2468A-->T. In contrast, no mutation was identified in the case of aggressive mastocytosis. Among patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, no patient showed a somatic mutation in C-KIT. The allele frequency for C-KIT 1642A-->C among the entire patient population was 0.038 and was 0.125 among age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Our data demonstrate that myelodysplastic syndromes without histological or cytological evidence of mastocytosis do not exhibit somatic mutations in exons 10, 11, 12, 16, 17 and 18 of C-KIT. In contrast, BM MNCs of patients with systemic indolent mastocytosis were all positive for C-KIT 2468A-->T and negative for additional mutations in these exons. The C-KIT 1642A-->C polymorphism is not associated with myelodysplastic syndrome or systemic mastocytosis.
Nanosized Camptothecin Conjugates for Single and Combined Drug Delivery (2016)

Camptothecin (CPT), a natural DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, is commonly used as a model hydrophobic compound for anticancer drug delivery research. Nanoparticle loaded with active drugs has the potential to selectively deliver the therapeutic agents into tumor cells without affecting the normal tissues, and hence is attracting tremendous attention from biomedical scientists. Nanoparticles can benefit from the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) of the tumor tissues that allows nanoparticles to be transported through the leaky blood vessels and retained for a longer time compared with traditional small molecule drugs. In particular, covalent camptothecin conjugates are of extensive interest due to their robust stability by covalent chemical bonding. In this mini-review, recent progress of nanosized camptothecin conjugates will be discussed with the focus on the difference of delivery materials as well as their potential of combined drug delivery for the therapy of cancer.
Molecular Basis for ADP-induced Platelet Activation (1998)

Acting through cell surface receptors, ADP activates platelets resulting in shape change, aggregation, thromboxane A2 production, and release of granule contents. ADP also causes a number of intracellular events including inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores, and rapid calcium influx in platelets. However, the receptors that transduce these events remain unidentified and their molecular mechanisms of action have not been elucidated. The receptor responsible for the actions of ADP on platelets has been designated the P2T receptor. In this study we have used ARL 66096, a potent antagonist of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and a P2X ionotropic receptor agonist, alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate, to distinguish the ADP-induced intracellular events. ARL 66096 blocked ADP-induced inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, but did not affect ADP-mediated intracellular calcium increases or shape change. Both ADP and 2-methylthio-ADP caused a 3-fold increase in the level of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate over control levels which peaked in a similar fashion to the Ca2+ transient. The increase in inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate was of similar magnitude to that of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. alpha,beta-Methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate did not cause an increase in either of the inositol trisphosphates. These results clearly demonstrate the presence of two distinct platelet ADP receptors in addition to the P2X receptor: one coupled to adenylyl cyclase and the other coupled to mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores through inositol trisphosphates.
Membranelss micro fuel cell chip enabled by self-pumping of fuel-oxidant mixture (2010)

Despite the significant research in micro fuel cells, miniaturizing a whole fuel cell system to below a few millimeters did not appear feasible until very recently, because ancillary parts (e.g. external pump, gas separator) are needed to complete a self-standing system. Building on the recently discovered self-pumping fuel cell free of the ancillary parts, here we design and test new self-pumping fuel cell architecture free of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Benefiting from the selectivity of catalysts on each electrode under slow flow rates, we find that the device can be run in a mixed stream instead of the two streams of unmixed laminar flows of fuel and oxidant, greatly simplifying the design. Proof-of-concept device verifies the mechanism of embedded fuel pumping and CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> degassing, while producing 8 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of peak power density.