gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Encapsulating Protective Layers for Enhancing Survivability of Circuit Board Assemblies in Harsh and Extreme Environments (2012)

Potted electronics are becoming more common in precision-guided artillery-launched munitions and also missile systems due to the requirements for miniaturization and structural-robustness. In this paper we have presented a methodology for encapsulating circuit board assemblies (CBA) with a thin polymer layer. The protective polymer layer is both flexible and soft enough to protect the CBA from damage caused by CTE mismatches, and without any appreciable degradation in the structural support during the high-g forces of projectile launch. The application process described here allows for the use of a broad range of polymer materials including those that may not be formed directly against an actual CBA. Proof-of-concept experimental tests and finite-element simulations have been performed and the tests and simulation results are shared in this paper. In addition, the protective polymer layer can also be used to improve in-circuit board crosstalk and RF interference shielding, tin-whisker growth control, moisture barrier properties, and thermal management for un-potted and potted CBAs.
Prostate-specific mRNA detection in whole blood as an analytically validated prognostic biomarker for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2013)

5032 Background: Detection of prostate-specific transcripts in blood has been associated with survival, but validated assays are lacking. We analytically validated a qPCR-based assay in CLIA environment to detect prostate cancer enhanced transcripts in whole blood and determine its prognostic significance relative to circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration. Methods: Blood was collected from patients with progressive CRPC in PAXgene tubes for total RNA extraction. Five genes overexpressed in prostate tissue, KLK3, KLK2, HOXB13, GRHL2, and FOXA1, were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Each qPCR-reaction was performed in 6 replicates and detection thresholds for each gene were chosen by receiver operator curve analysis. Detection rates were compared to enumeration using CellSearch in an independent data set of 97 CRPC patients and survival associations explored by concordance probability estimate (CPE). Results: Two or more genes were detected by qPCR in 53% (51 of 97, 95% CI 43-63%) of patients, and unfavorable CTC counts (≥5cells) were seen in 46% (45 of 97, 95% CI 36–56%). Transcripts were detectable in 21% (11 of 52, 95% CI 8–35%) of patients with favorable CTC counts (≤4). Similar to CTC enumeration, transcript detection predicted overall survival in a proportional hazards model. The predictive accuracy of qPCR detection in combination with CTC enumeration had a CPE of 0.752 (SE=0.038). Conclusions: This validated RT-qPCR assay detects prostate-specific mRNA in whole blood in more patients than CellSearch, is prognostic for survival, and may assess patient risk in conjunction with CTC enumeration. Its clinical utility will be prospectively explored. Supported by NCI SPORE in Prostate Cancer (P50 CA92629); the Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program; Prostate Cancer Foundation; Mr. William H. and Mrs. Alice Goodwin and the Commonwealth Foundation for Cancer Research and The Experimental Therapeutics Center; DoD Prostate Cancer Research Program Physician Research Award W81XWH-09-1-0307.
A Microcomputer Based Vibration Diagnostic System for Steam Turbines and Turbo-Generators in Power Plants (1984)

A new shaft-vibration diagnostic system for rotating machinery in power plants has been developed. This system, with its microcomputer, can be effectively applied to solve almost all the vibrational problems which occur during load operation or inspection. For frequency spectral analysis, the Walsh to Fourier transform is used with some modifications to reduce the microcomputer load. New firmware is also developed. With these improvements it is possible to diagnose simultaneously shaft vibrations for a five second period at a maximum of twelve points. This system has been successfully used in field tests to diagnose abnormal shaft vibrations caused by machinery unbalance or rubbing of steam turbines and turbo-generators.
Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus 2 Months Prior to Hepatitis Surface Antigen Positivity of Donor Blood (2003)

An hepatitis surface antigen(HBsAg)-negative donation transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) of the very common genotype A/HBsAg subtype adw2 to the recipient of the erythrocyte concentrate. Two months later the donor became borderline HBsAg-positive. The infectious donation was tested retrospectively by real time PCR and contained approximately 2,000 viral genomes/ml, an amount which would have been well detectable by minipool nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) for HBV DNA at the usual detection limit of 1,000 copies/ml. The case shows that the HBsAg-negative, HBV DNA-positive phase may be longer than previously believed and that HBV DNA screening at a sensitivity achievable by minipool NAT testing would have prevented transmission.
In-line eighth-order pseudoelliptic filter using dielectric resonator quadruplets implemented using bypassing evanescent modes (2013)

A new quadruple-resonator configuration for the design of in-line pseudoelliptic dielectric resonator filters is proposed in this paper. The proposed configuration uses waveguide evanescent modes bypassing the resonators to generate cross coupling between the non-adjacent ring-shaped TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01δ</sub> mode resonators. Specifically, fourth-order filtering functions with a pair of symmetric transmission zeros can be generated by this configuration. An in-line eighth-order C-band filter comprising a couple of cascaded quadruple-resonator configurations for the generation of four symmetric transmission zeros is presented. The experimental results of a manufactured prototype validates the feasibility of the proposed filter structure.
Machine Learning Based Prediction of Erbium-Doped Fiber WDM Line Amplifier Gain Spectra (2018)

Machine learning based modelling of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) is used to determine wavelength dependent gain for use in optical transmission systems, and achieves root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.08, 0.18, and 0.27 dB under input ranges of +/- 3, 6, 9 dB.
Magnetic Targeting of Therapeutics (2010)

Multiple formulations of nano-sized particles, capsules, dendrimers, lipids, ceramics and genetic materials are being investigated in multiple labs for delivery of therapeutic moieties to targeted tissues. Interest is driven by reducing health care costs while increasing therapeutic efficacy and cost of treatment. One technology, magnetic targeting, incorporates iron oxide nanoparticles, to target nanomedicine payloads, down the gradients of external magnetic fields. When iron oxide crystal domains are less than ∼20–40 nm, particles become superparamagnetic (SPION), that is exhibit no remanent induction but very high magnetic susceptibility in the presence of an external magnetic field. Thus, targeting can be vectored by magnetic lines of flux. Particles can be pulled out of the microcirculation and across membranes into tissues. Two target organs that can employ magnetic targeting are the heart (epicardium) and inner ear (cochlea).
Supplementary table 4 from Drug-Driven Synthetic Lethality: Bypassing Tumor Cell Genetics with a Combination of AsiDNA and PARP Inhibitors (2023)

<p>Supplementary Table 4. IC20 and IC50 of different PARP inhibitors in MDAMB231 cell line. IC20 and IC50 were calculated according to the dose-response curves of the different PARP inhibitors using GraphPadPrism software.</p>
Skewless Network Clock Synchronization Without Discontinuity: Convergence and Performance (2014)

This paper examines synchronization of computer clocks connected via a data network and proposes a skewless algorithm to synchronize them. Unlike existing solutions, which either estimate and compensate the frequency difference (skew) among clocks or introduce offset corrections that can generate jitter and possibly even backward jumps, our solution achieves synchronization without these problems. We first analyze the convergence property of the algorithm and provide explicit necessary and sufficient conditions on the parameters to guarantee synchronization. We then study the effect of noisy measurements (jitter) and frequency drift (wander) on the offsets and synchronization frequency, and further optimize the parameter values to minimize their variance. Our study reveals a few insights, for example, we show that our algorithm can converge even in the presence of timing loops and noise, provided that there is a well-defined leader. This marks a clear contrast with current standards such as NTP and PTP, where timing loops are specifically avoided. Furthermore, timing loops can even be beneficial in our scheme as it is demonstrated that highly connected subnetworks can collectively outperform individual clients when the time source has large jitter. The results are supported by experiments running on a cluster of IBM BladeCenter servers with Linux.
Radiolabeled Annexin V Imaging: Diagnosis of Allograft Rejection in an Experimental Rodent Model of Liver Transplantation (2000)

Noninvasive imaging with radiolabeled annexin V is more sensitive and specific than imaging with 99mTc-mebrofenin in the diagnosis of acute rejection of a liver transplant.
Ion trap mass spectrometry using high-pressure ionization (1994)

The quadrupole ion trap, operated with a relatively high-pressure bath gas, occupies a unique place among mass analyzers. As an ion storage device, it shares many characteristics with the ICR instrument, but the use of a light bath gas and mass-selective instability for mass analysis contrasts with normal ICR operation. The bath gas facilitates the capture of ions injected into the oscillating quadrupole field and cools the ions to the center of the ion trap before mass-selective ejection. The bath gas also provides a conduit for heating ions. Mild collisional activation conditions can dissociate clusters, such as solvated analyte ions, formed by ES. Dissociation of covalently bound ions can be used to obtain structural information as part of a tandem MS experiment or to destroy polyatomic species in elemental analyses. The moderate background pressure requirements of the ion trap using mass-selective instability make it a natural mass analyzer to be coupled with high-pressure ionization methods. The ion trap can provide a significant advantage in efficiency over beam-type mass spectrometers, which translates into lower detection limits. Lower detection limits can be realized from superior duty cycle and MS/MS efficiency, although transmission for single-stage MS is comparable. The greatest advantage in efficiency can be obtained with weak ion beams that require long ion accumulation times and therefore high duty cycles. This, in part, makes the ion trap particularly attractive for ES. Bright ion sources can provide similar advantages if major ion beam components can be ejected during ion accumulation to minimize the deleterious effects caused by ion-ion interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Control of electrically-stimulated walking of paraplegics via above- and below-lesion EMG signature identification (1989)

The authors describe the use of electromyographic (EMG) signatures for controlling functional electrical stimulation (FES) in upper-motor-neuron paraplegics to enable them to walk with the help of a walker. It was shown that the above-lesion EMG control and below-lesion response-EMG control serve complementary and crucial roles in total FES control. It was also shown that below-lesion response-EMG control of stimulation levels can play a crucial role in FES, regardless of above-lesion EMG control. Actual patient-test-results using the above EMG controls are discussed. These results illustrate how the present control system, which integrates the paralyzed person and electrical stimuli by signature analysis of EMG signals, yields walker-supported walking by paraplegics in a manner that recognizes and executes the patient's intended limb functions and compensates for muscle fatigue.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Receipt-free mix-type voting scheme - A practical solution to the implementation of a voting booth- (1995)

We present a receipt-free voting scheme based on a mixtype anonymous channel[Cha81, PIK93]. The receipt-freeness property [BT94] enables voters to hide how they have voted even from a powerful adversary who is trying to coerce him. The work of [BT94] gave the first solution using a voting booth, which is a hardware assumption not unlike that in current physical elections. In our proposed scheme, we reduce the physical assumptions required to obtain receipt-freeness. Our sole physical assumption is the existence of a private channel through which the center can send the voter a message without fear of eavesdropping.
Photodynamic decontamination of blood for transfusion (1995)

Currently transfused cellular components of blood are not available in a sterile form and carry a small risk of transmitting viral and parasite diseases. Using phthalocyanines and red light, lipid enveloped viruses, e.g., HIV-1, can be inactivated in red blood cell concentrates (RBCC). Under conditions leading to virus sterilization the blood borne parasites Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) and Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) could be eliminated to undetectable levels (> 4 log<SUB>10</SUB> kill). RBC damage during treatment could be avoided by increasing the light fluence rate to 80 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and by including the free radical scavenger glutathione and the vitamin E derivative Trolox during light exposure. Similar sterilization of platelet concentrates was achieved with the psoralen derivative AMT and UVA light. Platelet damage due to PUVA treatment was avoided by including the plant flavonoid rutin during irradiation. It is concluded that elimination of the risk of transmitting pathogens during blood transfusion is feasible with photochemical treatments.
Phase modulation system for dual wavelength difference spectroscopy of hemoglobin deoxygenation in tissues (1990)

Time resolved spectroscopy of tissue makes it possible to quantify tissue hemoglobin concentrations because of the direct measurement of the optical path length for photon migration. However, the laser system is bulky and unwieldy and impractical for clinical studies. Thus, the application of the more compact and efficient phase modulation technology well known for fluorescence lifetime studies to time resolved spectroscopy of tissue offers opportunities to simplify the methodology and in addition to afford continuous readout of tissue photon propagation. This paper describes single and dual wavelength systems operating at two wavelengths in the deep red region based upon a time-sharing system. These devices have noise levels in a 2 Hz bandwidth of less than 2 ps and drifts of < 1ps/min. Applications of the noninvasive devices include measurement of hemoglobin deoxygenation in brain and hemoglobin and myoglobin deoxygenation in human skeletal muscle and animal models. Numerous applications to medical and biological problems now become available.
Miniature peristaltic vacuum pump for use in portable instruments (1996)

This article describes the development, construction, and performance characteristics of a small, low-mass, low-power-consumption vacuum pump for use at pressures down to 5×10−2 Torr. The pump is based on a peristaltic tubing pump modified to overcome rapid tubing deterioration problems normally encountered when peristaltic pumps are used for vacuum pumping. Typical uses of the pump are for portable scientific and engineering instruments requiring pressure and flow characteristics compatible with the pump. These include the backing of high-vacuum pumps, rough-pumping vacuum systems used with certain ion and cryosorption vacuum pumps, and interstage pumping of membrane separators.
A large-scale system for annotating and querying quotations in news feeds (2010)

In this paper, we describe a system that automatically extracts quotations from news feeds, and allows efficient retrieval of the semantically annotated quotes. APIs for real-time querying of over 10 million quotes extracted from recent news feeds are publicly available. In addition, each day we add around 60 thousand new quotes extracted from around 50 thousand news articles or blogs. We apply computational linguistic techniques such as coreference resolution, entity recognition and disambiguation to improve both precision and recall of the quote detection. We support faceted search on both speakers and entities mentioned in the quotes.
Multifunctional and Deployable Origami Antennas (2022)

Multifunctional, deployable, and packable antennas are very important for many applications, including unmanned aerial vehicles, satellite communications (e.g., CubeSats) and general airborne and spaceborne communication systems. Notably, such antennas provide new capabilities for the aforementioned applications. In this work, we present emerging research on foldable and physically reconfigurable antennas, which can morph their shape to adapt and reconfigure their EM performance (e.g., frequency of operation, bandwidth, polarization, beamwidth, etc.).
Wide-Angle Nuclear Detection Array (WANDA) (2010)

The Wide-Angle Nuclear Detection Array (WANDA) is a data analysis system that uses an array of detectors to act as a coincidence detection system, utilizes a database of possible radioisotopes, and searches this database using a physics-based analysis to identify the source type and location that best accounts for the measured Compton scattering data. This method has the ability to utilize partial-energy events and works with smaller and lower cost detectors that do not require full-energy absorption. WANDA maintains a full 4π field of view, and provides simultaneous recognition of the source location and identification of source material. Test scenarios exploring comparison of WANDA and conventional detection and identification technologies are presented.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate improves the treatment of waste paper with rumen fluid at lower concentration but decreases at higher condition (2020)

Abstract Rumen fluid has been applied to lignocellulosic biomass digest for methane production, and various feed supplements have been shown to improve ruminant digestion of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with rumen fluid and subsequent methane fermentation. SDS was mixed with rumen fluid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L. After SDS addition, the waste paper was pretreated with rumen fluid at 37 °C for 6 h. SDS addition decreased the number of surviving rumen ciliates after pretreatment. SDS addition increased the dissolved chemical oxygen demand during pretreatment; however, SDS addition did not increase the volatile fatty acid concentration. After pretreatment, batch methane fermentation of pretreated waste paper was performed at 35 °C for 45 days. SDS addition at 0.1 and 0.2 g/L shortened the waste paper digestion time and enhanced methane gas production compared to the control. By contrast, SDS addition at 0.4 and 0.8 g/L remarkably inhibited methane production from waste paper. These findings suggest that low concentrations of SDS can improve the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with rumen fluid, and can enhance methane production from waste paper.
Chimeric Nucleases Stimulate Gene Targeting in Human Cells (2003)

Correction of gene defects in human somatic cells by targeting as has been used in murine embryonic stem cells (1, 2) has been precluded by the low spontaneous rate of gene targeting (3). However, creation of a DNA double-stranded break (DSB) in the genomic target (DSB-GT) can stimulate homologous recombination by over 1000-fold (4). \n\nWe can rapidly and quantitatively measure gene targeting by correcting a mutation in a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene that has been stably integrated into the genome (5) (fig. S1). With an optimized GFP gene targeting system, the introduction of a DSB by I–Sce I (Sce) stimulated GT >40,000-fold and the absolute rate of gene targeting reached 3 to 5% (fig. S2). Such a system, however, depends on the prior introduction of a Sce binding site into the target gene and cannot be used for endogenous genes. Chimeric nucleases (CNs) have the potential to create sequence-specific DSBs (6). CNs—fusions between zinc finger binding DNA binding domains and the endonuclease domain of Fok I—can sitespecifically cleave naked DNA in vitro (6), extrachromosomal DNA in Xenopus oocytes (7), and chromosomal DNA in Drosophila (8). CNs work as dimers, and their efficiency depends on the spacing and orientation of the zinc finger binding sites with respect to the length of the amino acid linker between the DNA binding and endonuclease domains (7, 9). \n\nQQR is an artificial zinc finger DNA binding domain that recognizes the sequence 5′-GGGGAAGAA-3′ with nanomolar affinity (10). We modified QQR chimeric nucleases (QQR-CNs) (7, 9) (Fig. 1A) and tested whether they stimulated gene targeting (Fig. 1B). The background rate of gene targeting was 0.71 events per million transfected cells (fig. S1C). QQRL18-CN stimulated gene targeting 17-fold on target QQR6 and 260-fold on target QQR8 (Fig. 1B). QQRL0-CN did not stimulate gene targeting on target QQR8, but it was as efficient as Sce in stimulating gene targeting by over 2000-fold on target QQR6 (Fig. 1B). QQRL18-CN showed some preference for an 8–base pair (bp) spacing between binding sites whereas QQRL0-CN preferred 6-bp spacing. Thus, removing the linker between the zinc spacfinger and the nuclease domains increased the activity and specificity of the fusion protein in mammalian cells. As controls, we showed that the CNs did not stimulate gene targeting if (i) they lacked a nuclear localization signal, (ii) there was a single binding site rather than an inverted repeat binding site in the target, and (iii) the cognate binding site was changed. Thus, homodimers of CNs are potent stimulators of gene targeting in human somatic cells.
Trace Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> in the Presence of NO by Laser Photofragmentation/Fragment Photoionization Spectrometry at Visible Wavelengths (1996)

Trace concentrations of NO and NO 2 molecules are differentiated spectrally by using a visible dye laser and a simple flow cell with a pair of miniature electrodes for ion detection. NO is detected near 452 nm by (2+2) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization via its A 2 ∑ + -X 2 II (0,0) transitions, while NO 2 is detected by laser photofragmentation with subsequent fragment NO ionization via the A 2 ∑ + -X 2 II (0,0) and (1,1) transitions. Spectral differentiation is possible since the internal energy of the NO photofragment differs from that of “ambient” NO. Measurement of vibrationally excited NO via its A 2 ∑ + -X 2 II (0,3) band is also demonstrated at 517 nm. Rotationally resolved spectra of NO and fragment NO are analyzed by using a multiparameter computer program based on two-photon energy level expressions and line strengths for A 2 ∑ + -X 2 II transitions. Boltzmann analysis of the P 12 + O 22 branch of the (0,0) band reveals that the rotational temperature of fragment NO is approximately 500 K compared to room-temperature NO. Limits of detection [signal-to-noise (S/N) = 3] of NO and NO 2 are in the 20–40-ppbv range at 449.2, 450.7, and 452.6 nm for a 10-s integration time. The limit of detection of NO 2 at 517.5 nm is 75 ppbv. The analytical utility of the technique for ambient air analysis is evaluated and discussed.