gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zoning for hierarchical network optimization in software defined networks (2014)

Software defined networking (SDN) decouples control plane functionality from the data plane and features the presence of programmable dumb network devices, which have no or little intelligence and take control commands from a central controller at the control plane. The central controller is responsible for controlling data plane hardware and optimizing network operation. Centralized network optimization and control is impractical or infeasible when the network becomes too large in size or loading. Distributed network optimization comes into play under this circumstance. Fully distributed network optimization requires local intelligence at individual network elements, against the basic concept of SDN. In this paper we consider SDN-friendly zone-based distributed network optimization and studies the integral network zoning problem, that is, how to group network elements into zones such as to minimize the overhead of distributed network optimization. We give a mathematical formulation of the problem and show that it is NP complete. We then present three heuristic solutions and evaluate their performance through simulation.
The Sulfakinins of the Blowfly Calliphora Vomitoria. Peptide Isolation, Gene Cloning and Expression Studies (1995)

The nonapeptide, Phe-Asp-Asp-Tyr(SO3)-Gly-His-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 was isolated from heads of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria. Designated callisulfakinin I, the peptide is identical to the earlier known drosulfakinin I of Drosophila melanogaster and to neosulfakinin I of Neobellieria bullata. It belongs to the sulfakinin family, all known members of which (from flies, cockroaches and locusts) have the C-terminal heptapeptide sequence Asp-Tyr(SO3)-Gly-His-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. The callisulfakinin gene of C. vomitoria was cloned and sequenced. In addition to callisulfakinin I, the DNA revealed a coding sequence for the putative tetradecapeptide. Gly-Gly-Glu-Glu-Gln-Phe-Asp-Asp-Tyr-Gly-His- Met-Arg-Phe-NH2, callisulfakinin II. However, this peptide was not identified in the fly head extracts. Confocal laser scanning immunocytochemical studies with antisera raised against the synthetic undecapeptide C-terminal fragment of drosulfakinin II from D. melanogaster, Asp-Gln-Phe-Asp-Asp-Tyr(SO3)- Gly-His-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2, revealed only four pairs of sulfakinin neurones in the brain of C. vomitoria and no others anywhere else in the neural, endocrine or gut tissues. In situ hybridisation studies with a digoxigenin-labelled sulfakinin gene probe (from the blowfly Lucilia cuprina) also revealed only four pairs of neurones in the brain. The perikarya of two pairs of cells are situated medially in the caudo-dorsal region, close to the roots of the ocellar nerve. The other perikarya are slightly more posterior and lateral. Although it has been suggested by several authors that the insect sulfakinins are homologous to the vertebrate peptides gastrin and cholecystokinin, such arguments (based essentially on C-terminal structural similarities) do not take account of important differences in the C-terminal tetrapeptide. His-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 in the sulfakinins, compared with Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 in gastrin and cholecystokinin. Furthermore, whereas the sulfakinin neurons of C. vomitoria are small in number and have a very specialised location, a greater number of cells throughout the nervous system react positively to gastrin/cholecystokinin antisera. Chromatographic profiles of the present study also revealed peaks of gastrin/cholecystokinin-immunoreactive material separate from the sulfakinin peptides. This evidence suggests that the insect and vertebrate peptides may not necessarily be homologous.
Preliminary Characterization of an Antibiotic Produced by Xanthomonas albilineans Which Inhibits DNA Synthesis in Escherichia coli (1985)

Chlorosis-inducing isolates of Xanthomonas albilineans, the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen, produced a mixture of antibacterial compounds in culture. The antibiotic mixture, which eluted as a single strongly retarded peak from Sephadex LH-20 in methanol, was bactericidal to Escherichia coli. Inhibition of E. coli was not reversed by added nutrients, and affected cells were not lysed but many accumulated polyphosphate granules. The major antibacterial component, isolated in crystalline form after HPLC, is given the trivial name albicidin. Near the minimum inhibitory concentration, albicidin caused a complete block to DNA synthesis, followed by partial inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis, as assessed by incorporation of radioactive precursors. Spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants of E. coli showed no cross-resistance between albicidin and inhibitors of either subunit of DNA gyrase. Mixing albicidin with purified DNA from E. coli did not alter the thermal denaturation behaviour of the DNA, or the absorption spectrum of the antibiotic. PolA+ and PolA - strains of E. coli were equally sensitive to albicidin, indicating that the antibiotic does not bind to or modify DNA. Selective inhibition of DNA synthesis without evidence of DNA binding suggests a specific interaction of albicidin with an essential replication protein.
Lash-free spherical bearing (1979)

Grooved and chamfered spherical bearing can maintain close contact between its ball and race, even when it is vibrated. Bearing thus eliminates major cause of wear and loosening in spherical bearings: pounding of ball on race under vibration.
High-sensitivity vibrational imaging with frequency modulation coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FM CARS) microscopy (2006)

We demonstrate a new approach to coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy that significantly increases the detection sensitivity. CARS signals are generated by collinearly overlapped, tightly focused, and raster scanned pump and Stokes laser beams, whose difference frequency is rapidly modulated. The resulting amplitude modulation of the CARS signal is detected through a lock-in amplifier. This scheme efficiently suppresses the nonresonant background and allows for the detection of far fewer vibrational oscillators than possible through existing CARS microscopy methods.
Modified Lignin and Delignification with a CAD-Deficient Loblolly Pine (1999)

Summary Lignin composition and lignin removal were investigated in loblolly pines ( Pinus taeda L.) deficient in the monolignol biosynthesis enzyme, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). The CAD-deficient pines were homozygous for the cad - n1 allele, a mutant form of the gene encoding CAD. We show that lignin from CAD-deficient seedlings is more easily removed by mild alkali at room temperature. The nature of the phenolics recovered from this treatment link the increased lignin solubility to a build up of aromatic aldehyde lignin subunits. We carried out a retrospective genetic analysis to identify a 12 year-old CAD-deficient tree from which we isolated Milled Wood Lignin (MWL) and obtained wood chips for pulping studies. The UV absorption spectra of MWL and the effect of sodium borohydride reduction of MWL showed that the CAD-deficient tree had substantially higher incorporation of aldehyde subunits. The CAD-deficient wood was delignified more extensively than the wild type in soda pulping but not in kraft conditions. More extensive lignin removal, both in mild alkali treatment and in soda pulping, indicate that suppression of CAD in softwood trees may hold promise to produce woods well suited for “milder” pulping conditions that consume less chemicals and generate less waste.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Guided by the Single-Chain Fv of a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Specifically and Effectively Eradicate Virus Reactivated from Latency in CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes Isolated from HIV-1-Infected Individuals Receiving Suppressive Combined Antiretroviral Therapy (2016)

The presence of latently infected cells remains a key obstacle to the development of a functional HIV-1 cure. Reactivation of dormant viruses is possible with latency-reversing agents, but the effectiveness of these compounds and the subsequent immune response require optimization if the eradication of HIV-1-infected cells is to be achieved. Here, we describe the use of a chimeric antigen receptor, comprised of T cell activation domains and a broadly neutralizing antibody, VRC01, targeting HIV-1 to treat the infected cells. T cells expressing this construct exerted specific cytotoxic activity against wild-type HIV-1-infected cells, resulting in a dramatic reduction in viral rebound in vitro, and showed persistent effectiveness against reactivated latently infected T lymphocytes from HIV-1 patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. The methods used in this study constitute an improvement over existing CD4-based CAR-T technology and offer a promising approach to HIV-1 immunotherapy.
Time based gain control for the analog to pulse converter (2017)

This study presents an approach for time based automatic gain control (TGC) for the analog to pulse converter (APC). APC converts the area under analog signal into a sequence of pulses, with the spacing between pulses corresponding to the time taken to accumulate a fixed area. In this paper, we demonstrate that the gain of signal amplifier can be automatically controlled using the information in the time between pulses; thereby, ensuring the pulse density of APC remains within desired range despite fluctuations in the input. The performance of the TGC is quantified in terms of settling time and error bounds. We study the proposed system theoretically and show that its response is equivalent to conventional AGCs. Moreover, it is tested on physiological signals corrupted by a fading profile and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Manipulating light with photonic crystals (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Shanhui Fan, A. Mekis, S. G. Johnson, J. D. Joannopoulos; Manipulating light with photonic crystals. AIP Conf. Proc. 6 April 2001; 560 (1): 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1372716 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Optical Pulse Sequence Generation and Characterization via Phase-Only Multiple Independent Comb Shaping (MICS) (2009)

We describe a pulse shaping technique for synthesis of optical pulse sequences, deemed suitable for pump-probe experiments and multidimensional spectroscopy. It enables straightforward programming, manipulation, and self-characterization of multi-pulse waveforms via one-dimensional phase-only shaping.
Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence from Silver−SiO<sub>2</sub>−Silver Nanoburger Structures (2010)

Multilayers of nanoburger structures of silver island films-SiO(2)-silver island films (SIFs-SiO(2)-SIFs) were used as substrates to study the fluorescence of close-proximity fluorophores. Compared to single-layered SIFs, multilayer nanoburgers exhibit several distinctive properties including a significantly enhanced fluorescence intensity, decreased lifetimes, and increased fluorphore photostability by simply varying the dielectric layer thickness while the SIF layer is kept constant. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations show that the maximum electric field intensity can be tuned by varying the distance between the silver particles. Enhanced fluorescence emission coupled with a reduced fluorophore lifetime suggests that both an electric field and plasmon-coupling component are the underlying mechanisms for nanoburger-based metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). This tunable multilayer nanoburger structure holds great potential for applications in biology, microscopy, imaging, and biomedical research, given the current uses of MEF.
Inhibition of Alcoholic Fermentation of Grape Must by Fatty Acids Produced by Yeasts and Their Elimination by Yeast Ghosts (1984)

In a complete nutritive medium rich in sugar, such as grape must, the inhibition of alcoholic fermentation is caused by substances produced by the yeast which, acting synergistically with ethanol, are toxic to the yeasts themselves. Among these are decanoic and octanoic acids and their corresponding ethyl esters. Their adsorption by yeast ghosts permits the prevention and treatment of fermentation stoppages.
Building reliable MPLS networks using a path protection mechanism (2002)

It is expected that multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) based recovery could become a viable option for obtaining faster restoration than layer 3 rerouting. To deliver reliable service, however, MPLS requires a set of procedures to provide protection for the traffic carried on the label switched paths. We propose a path protection mechanism that is simple, scalable, fast, and efficient. We describe in detail our design considerations, the communication of fault information to appropriate switching elements, and the fault detection protocol. In particular, we propose a reverse notification tree structure for efficient and fast distribution of fault notification messages.
Brillouin-Enhanced-Four-Wave-Mixing Vector Phase Conjugate Mirror (1996)

Most laser applications require very good beam quality. Many components in lasers and laser systems can degrade the laser quality below what is acceptable. Optical phase conjugation is one method in which a highly aberrated optical beam can be restored to near diffraction limited quality. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a nonlinear process which can produce a phase conjugated optical wave. Simple SBS phase conjugators typically cannot correct for polarization distortions. Polarization restoration has been accomplished by phase locking orthogonal polarizations together in an SBS cell 1,2,3,4 . We have designed and tested a new method of polarization restoration which is easy to implement and can passively alter the phase or polarization of the return beam for output coupling.
Industrial Production of Artemisinin (2014)

Key words artemisinin - artemisinic acid - diastereoselective hydrogenation - photooxidation
An Optimized Experimental Investigation of Foam-Assisted N2 Huff-n-Puff Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured Shale Cores (2021)

Abstract Sustainable development of shale reservoirs and enhanced oil recovery have become a challenge for the oil industry in recent years. Shale reservoirs are typically characterized by nano Darcy-scale matrix, natural fractures, and artificially fractures with high permeability. Some of earlier studies have confirmed that gas huff-n-puff has been investigated and demonstrated as the most effective and promising solution for improving oil recovery in tight shale reservoirs with ultra-low permeability. Fractures provide an advantage in enhancing recovery from shale reservoirs but they also pose serious problems such as severe gas channeling, which led to rapid decline production from a single well. More studies are needed to optimize the process. This paper studies the method of foam-assisted N2 huff-n-puff to enhance oil recovery in fractured shale cores. The influence of foam on oil recovery was analyzed. The effect of matrix permeability, cycle number and production time on oil recovery are also considered. The shale core used in the experiment was from Sichuan Basin, China. For the purpose of comparation and validation, two groups of tests were conducted. One group of tests was N2 huff-n-puff, and the other was foam-N2 huff-n-puff. In the optimization experiment, matrix permeabilities were set as 0.01mD, 0.008mD and 0.001mD, cycle numbers ranged from one to five, the production time is designed to be 1 hour and 24 hours respectively. During the puff period of experiments, the history of oil recovery was closely monitored to reveal the mechanism. During a round of gas injection of fractured shale cores, foam-assisted N2 huff-n-puff oil recovery is 4.59%, which is significantly higher than that of N2 huff-n-puff is only 0.0126%, and the contrast becomes more obvious with the increase of matrix permeability. The results also showed that the cumulative oil recovery increased as the number of cycles was increased, with the same experimental conditions. There is an optimal production time to achieve maximum oil recovery. The cycle numbers, matrix permeability, and production time played important roles in foam-assisted N2 huff-n-puff injection process. Therefore, under certain conditions, foam-N2 huff-n-puff has a positive effect on oil development in fractured shale.
Tailoring Copper Oxide Semiconductor Nanorod Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol (2013)

Solar photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol in aqueous media was driven on hybrid CuO/Cu2O semiconductor nanorod arrays for the first time. A two-step synthesis was designed and demonstrated for the preparation of these hybrid copper oxide one-dimensional nanostructures on copper substrates. The first step consisted in the growth of CuO nanorods by thermal oxidation of a copper foil at 400 °C. In the second step, controlled electrodeposition of p-type Cu2O crystallites on the CuO walls was performed. The resulting nanorod morphology with controllable wall thickness by adjusting the Cu2O electrodeposition time as well as their surface/bulk chemical composition were probed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Photoelectrosynthesis of methanol from carbon dioxide was demonstrated at -0.2 V vs SHE under simulated AM1.5 solar irradiation on optimized hybrid CuO/Cu2O nanorod electrodes and without assistance of any homogeneous catalyst (such as pyridine or imidazole) in the electrolyte. The hybrid composition, ensuring double pathway for photoelectron injection to CO2, along with high surface area were found to be crucial for efficient performance in methanol generation under solar illumination. Methanol formation, tracked by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, indicated Faradaic efficiencies of ~95%.
Novel Cathode Materials of Sodium-Containing Metal Phosphates as Highly Voltage Sodium-Ion Batteries (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Method and apparatus for investigating a circulatory system in living biological structures (1990)

First Page
Inversion optimization in majority-inverter graphs (2016)

Many emerging nanotechnologies realize majority gates as primitive building blocks and they benefit from a majority-based synthesis. Recently, <i>Majority-Inverter Graphs</i> (MIGs) have been introduced to abstract these new technologies. We present optimization techniques for MIGs that aim at rewriting the complemented edges of the graph without changing its shape. We demonstrate the performance of our optimization techniques by considering three cases of emerging technology design: semi-custom digital design using <i>Spin Wave Devices</i> (SWDs) and <i>Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata</i> (QCA); and logic in-memory operation within <i>Resistive Random Access Memories</i> (RRAMs). Our experimental results show that SWD and QCA technologies benefit from complemented edges minimization. Area, delay, and power of SWD-based circuits are improved by 13.8%, 21.1%, and 9.2% respectively, while the number of QCA cells in QCA-based circuits can be decreased by 4.9% on average. Reductions of 14.4% and 12.4% in the number of devices and sequential steps respectively can be achieved for RRAMs when the number of nodes with exactly one complemented input is increased during MIG optimization.
Blue light-emitting devices from new conjugated poly(N-substituted-2,7-carbazole) derivatives (2002)

Light-emitting diodes derived from a new class of conjugated polymers, well-defined poly(N-substituted-2,7-carbazole) derivatives, are reported. Excimer-free electroluminescence in the blue range (424–432 nm) was observed. Good luminance (372 cd/m2 at 10 V) was reached in a device containing poly[N-(2-ethylhexyl)-2,7-carbazole] as the emitting material with indium tin oxide and Al as the electrodes. This high luminance value was achieved by adding ultrathin LiF layers next to the electrodes, and by using hole and electron transport molecules such as N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine and 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole.
5-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)- 1,2-isoxazoline as a Useful Rice Herbicide (2005)

5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline derivative was synthesized, and its herbicidal activity was assessed under glasshouse and flooded paddy conditions. 5-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline demonstrated good rice selectivity and potent herbicidal activity against annual weeds at 125 g of a.i. ha(-1) under greenhouse conditions. Soil application of this compound showed complete control of barnyard-grass to the fourth leaf stage at 250 g of a.i. ha(-1). Field trials indicated that this compound controlled annual weeds rapidly with a good tolerance on transplanted rice seedlings by post-emergence and soil application. This compound showed a low mammalian and environmental toxicity in various toxicological tests.
In Vitro Fermentation of Breast Milk Oligosaccharides by <i>Bifidobacterium infantis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> (2006)

It has been proposed that human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) function as a prebiotic for bifidobacteria, yet this activity has not been adequately investigated. In this study, Bifidobacterium infantis was shown to ferment purified HMO as a sole carbon source, while another gut commensal, Lactobacillus gasseri, did not ferment HMO. Our results support the hypothesis that HMO selectively amplify bacterial populations in the infant intestine.
Assessing contemporary intensive care unit outcome: An updated Mortality Probability Admission Model (MPM0-III)* (2007)

MPM0-II risk factors remain relevant in predicting ICU outcome, but the 1993 model significantly overpredicts mortality in contemporary practice. With the advantage of a much larger sample size and the addition of new variables and interaction effects, MPM0-III provides more accurate comparisons of actual vs. expected ICU outcomes.
Antihypertensive ergoline derivatives. (1987)

Novel ergolines were synthesized and screened in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) with the aim of finding a new class of ergot related antihypertensives. Their prolactin inhibitory effect (measured as nidation inhibition in rats), acute toxicity (LD50) and interference with CNS function (Irwin test) were also evaluated as a measure of selectivity and safety. Modification of the C8 side-chain enhanced antihypertensive activity selectively, while the introduction of substituents in other positions of the ergoline skeleton generally yielded unfavourable results, either by decreasing selectivity or by increasing toxicity.