gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulant Effects of the Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Certoparin in Combination with Phenprocoumon in Patients with Recent Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Cardioversion (2008)

Abstract Patients with recent onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) receive anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and coumarin targeted at an INR of 2 to 3. Recently, LMWH is given alone before cardioversion followed by coumarin. At present, no method is available to determine the combined effect of LMWH and coumarin in order to get information on the in vivo anticoagulant status of these patients. Patients with recent onset of AF (n=200) received 8.000 IU LMWH certoparin bid upon entry into the study. Phenprocoumon was started after electrical cardioversion. LMWH was stopped after 2 days within therapeutic INR range of phenprocoumon. The clincial data have been published (Clin Res Cardiol 2008). Blood samples were drawn from patients before LMWH administration (visit 1, V1), before start of phenprocoumon (V4) and after reaching the desired INR range and before stopping LMWH (V5) to determine a set of anticoagulant parameters. The study was accepted by the local ethics committees and patients gave written informed consent. Activated partial thromboplastin time, chromogenic factor Xa assay, heptest time values, prothrombinase-induced clotting time and tissue factor pathway inhibitor demonstrated the anticoagulant effect of certoparin at V4 and V5. Results of these parameters differed between V1 and V4 as well as between V1 and V5 (all p&lt;0.001) but not between V4 and V5. Prothrombin time was prolonged at V5 versus V1 and V4 (both p&lt;0.001). D-Dimer and prothrombinfragment F1+2 significantly decreased from V1 to V4 and from V4 to V5 (all p&lt;0.001). Endogenous thrombin potential assay (ETP) was inhibited stronger at V4 compared to V1, and at V5 compared to V4 (both p&lt;0.001). D-Dimer, F1+2 and ETP are the parameters reflecting the combined anticoagulant effect of certoparin and phenprocoumon while overlapping anticoagulation with these compounds in patients with recent AF for electrical cardioversion. The clinical effects on thromboembolic or bleeding incidences remain to be determined.
31P-Magnetization Transfer Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measurements of In Vivo Metabolism (2012)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a broad range of noninvasive analytical methods for investigating metabolism in vivo. Of these, the magnetization-transfer (MT) techniques permit the estimation of the unidirectional fluxes associated with metabolic exchange reactions. Phosphorus (³¹P) MT measurements can be used to examine the bioenergetic reactions of the creatine-kinase system and the ATP synthesis/hydrolysis cycle. Observations from our group and others suggest that the inorganic phosphate (P(i)) → ATP flux in skeletal muscle may be modulated by certain conditions, including aging, insulin resistance, and diabetes, and may reflect inherent alterations in mitochondrial metabolism. However, such effects on the P(i) → ATP flux are not universally observed under conditions in which mitochondrial function, assessed by other techniques, is impaired, and recent articles have raised concerns about the absolute magnitude of the measured reaction rates. As the application of ³¹P-MT techniques becomes more widespread, this article reviews the methodology and outlines our experience with its implementation in a variety of models in vivo. Also discussed are potential limitations of the technique, complementary methods for assessing oxidative metabolism, and whether the P(i) → ATP flux is a viable biomarker of metabolic function in vivo.
Absorption, metabolism and excretion of Choladi green tea flavan‐3‐ols by humans (2008)

Ten healthy human subjects consumed 500 mL of Choladi green tea, containing 648 mumol of flavan-3-ols after which plasma and urine were collected over a 24 h period and analysed by HPLC-MS. Plasma contained a total of ten metabolites, in the form of O-methylated, sulphated and glucuronide conjugates of (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin, with 29-126 nM peak plasma concentrations (C(max)) occurring 1.6-2.3 h after ingestion, indicative of absorption in the small intestine. Plasma also contained unmetabolised (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate with respective C(max) values of 55 and 25 nM. Urine excreted 0-24 h after consumption of green tea contained 15 metabolites of (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin, but (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate were not detected. Overall flavan-3-ol metabolite excretion was equivalent to 8.1% of intake, however, urinary (epi)gallocatechin metabolites corresponded to 11.4% of (epi)gallocatechin ingestion while (epi)catechin metabolites were detected in amounts equivalent to 28.5% of (epi)catechin intake. These findings imply that (epi)catechins are highly bioavailable, being absorbed and excreted to a much greater extent than most other flavonoids. It is also evident that flavan-3-ol metabolites are rapidly turned over in the circulatory system and as a consequence C(max) values are not an accurate quantitative indicator of the extent to which absorption occurs.
In vivo transduction of primitive mobilized hematopoietic stem cells after intravenous injection of integrating adenovirus vectors (2016)

Current protocols for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) gene therapy, involving the transplantation of ex vivo genetically modified HSPCs are complex and not without risk for the patient. We developed a new approach for in vivo HSPC transduction that does not require myeloablation and transplantation. It involves subcutaneous injections of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor/AMD3100 to mobilize HSPCs from the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral blood stream and the IV injection of an integrating, helper-dependent adenovirus (HD-Ad5/35<sup>++</sup>) vector system. These vectors target CD46, a receptor that is uniformly expressed on HSPCs. We demonstrated in human CD46 transgenic mice and immunodeficient mice with engrafted human CD34<sup>+</sup> cells that HSPCs transduced in the periphery home back to the BM where they stably express the transgene. In hCD46 transgenic mice, we showed that our in vivo HSPC transduction approach allows for the stable transduction of primitive HSPCs. Twenty weeks after in vivo transduction, green fluorescent protein (GFP) marking in BM HSPCs (Lin<sup>-</sup>Sca1<sup>+</sup>Kit<sup>-</sup> cells) in most of the mice was in the range of 5% to 10%. The percentage of GFP-expressing primitive HSPCs capable of forming multilineage progenitor colonies (colony-forming units [CFUs]) increased from 4% of all CFUs at week 4 to 16% at week 12, indicating transduction and expansion of long-term surviving HSPCs. Our approach was well tolerated, did not result in significant transduction of nonhematopoietic tissues, and was not associated with genotoxicty. The ability to stably genetically modify HSPCs without the need of myeloablative conditioning is relevant for a broader clinical application of gene therapy.
Future issues in ferroelectric miniaturization (1998)

Abstract A status report is given on the physical limitations imposed by both thickness and cross-sectional area in ferroelectric thin films in real devices, particularly random-access computer memories (RAMs).
Antiphospholipid syndrome: an overview. (2003)

Antiphospholipid antibodies are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies that are detected by immunoassays and functional coagulation tests. The antigenic targets are negatively charged phospholipids and serum phospholipid-binding proteins. The latter antibodies are frequently associated with thrombosis, fetal loss and other clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome. These antibodies are felt to be etiologically important in the syndrome, although the precise pathogenic mechanisms are still being determined. Proposed mechanisms include antibody-mediated interference with coagulation homeostasis, activation of platelets and endothelial cells and a T-cell immune response to serum phospholipid-binding proteins. The mainstay of therapy is anticoagulation, whereas immunosuppression is ineffective.
WIRELESS MINE WIDE TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (2002)

Work is being done to transmit data via our through-the-earth communications system. After evaluating several methods, quadrature phase shift keying was selected as the preferred method. Coding was added to voice communication to increase reliability when two-way radios are being used as input and output devices. For in-mine communication, we are studying to increase the versatility of our system through the addition of Ethernet ports.
Utilizing ultra-capacitor energy storage in motor drives with cascaded multilevel inverters (2008)

This paper proposes two cascaded multilevel inverter topologies and corresponding control strategies applied to motor drive that interfaces single DC source and ultra-capacitor (UC) energy storage elements. In the first topology, a dynamic control method is developed, which allows the UC to provide reactive power to cancel lower order harmonics through a conditioning inverter both in steady state and transient state. Therefore, the bulk inverter supplied by the DC source can provide real power with reduced switching loss, improved efficiency, and better electromagnetic interference (EMI). In the second topology, the UC energy storage can be controlled not only to provide reactive power compensation, but to also provide real power to compensate for peak power demands such as braking and acceleration. The control scheme for this topology includes decoupled current control for independent active/reactive power compensation between DC source and energy storage, and voltage balancing control of energy storage elements. In order to analyze and verify the proposed control algorithms, co-simulation using Simulink and PSIM is used to formulate a detail system simulation platform, while utilizing a circuit model of a Maxwell Technologies UC pack. Experimental results will be presented in the final paper.
Bayesian Graph Convolutional Neural Networks using Node Copying (2019)

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNN) have numerous applications in different graph based learning tasks. Although the techniques obtain impressive results, they often fall short in accounting for the uncertainty associated with the underlying graph structure. In the recently proposed Bayesian GCNN (BGCN) framework, this issue is tackled by viewing the observed graph as a sample from a parametric random graph model and targeting joint inference of the graph and the GCNN weights. In this paper, we introduce an alternative generative model for graphs based on copying nodes and incorporate it within the BGCN framework. Our approach has the benefit that it uses information provided by the node features and training labels in the graph topology inference. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm compares favorably to the state-of-the-art in benchmark node classification tasks.
Semantische Modellierung und Reasoning für Kontextinformationen in Infrastrukturnetzen (2008)

Infrastrukturen wie Verkehrs- und Energienetze bilden das Rückgrat unserer Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft. Präzises Wissen über den aktuellen technischen Zustand der Infrastrukturkomponenten gilt als Grundvoraussetzung zur Befriedigung des ständig wachsenden Kapazitätsbedarfs und zur Erhöhung der Kosteneffizienz, insbesondere bei der Instandhaltung. Zwar liefern Fernüberwachungssysteme verschiedener Organisationen bereits heute unterschiedlichste Statusinformationen. Es fehlt jedoch ein generischer Ansatz zur integrierten Auswertung dieser Daten, um komplexe Gesamtzustände der Infrastrukturkomponenten abzuleiten. Diese Arbeit versteht die Zustandsüberwachung für Infrastrukturnetze als ein kontextsensitives System im Sinne der Ambient Intelligence (Umgebungsintelligenz): Fernüberwachungssysteme liefern Kontextinformationen}, und anstelle der Situation einer Entität soll damit der Zustand eines Überwachungsobjekts ermittelt werden. Da sich hierfür bei kontextsensitiven Systemen wissensbasierte Ansätze bewährt haben, überträgt diese Arbeit einen solchen Ansatz auf die Zustandsüberwachung in Infrastrukturnetzen. Damit sollen generische Verfahren sowohl zur Integration als auch zur Auswertung (Reasoning) von Kontextinformationen in Infrastrukturnetzen konzipiert und umgesetzt werden. Eine Analyse von Schienen- und Stromnetzen identifiziert als Anforderungen unter anderem die Interoperabilität der Kontextinformationen zwischen Systemen und Betreibern sowie die Möglichkeit, auch komplexe Zustände ableiten zu können. Die Standards des Semantic Web auf Basis der Beschreibungslogik SHIN bieten hierfür eine attraktive Grundlage und gewährleisten sowohl die Umsetzbarkeit als auch die Zukunftstüchtigkeit. Für die automatisierte Auswertung (Reasoning) müssen die Besonderheiten von Infrastrukturnetzen berücksichtigt werden: Einerseits fallen Kontextinformationen von Überwachungssystemen räumlich verteilt und bei verschiedenen Organisationen an. Deshalb werden Verfahren entwickelt, die konjunktive Anfragen auch bei verteilten Wissensbasen korrekt und vollständig beantworten. Dies wird theoretisch gezeigt und praktisch evaluiert. Andererseits müssen topologiebezogene Anfragen beantwortet werden, wie die Suche nach optimalen Pfaden und k-nächsten Nachbarn. Dazu wird eine hierarchische Modellierung des Infrastrukturnetzes entwickelt. Ein generisches Konzept ermöglicht es, damit verschiedene Verfahren für topologiebezogene Anfragen umzusetzen. Zur praktischen Umsetzung dieser Konzepte in einem Zustandsüberwachungssystem wird eine geschichtete Systemarchitektur spezifiziert. Ein Fallbeispiel aus dem europäischen Schienenverkehr zeigt ihre Realisierung: Mehrere Organisationen stellen unter anderem Achslast-, Gleisgeometrie- und Schienenprofilmessungen als Kontextinformationen zur Verfügung. Unabhängig von deren Verteilung über ganz Europa werten die entwickelten Reasoningverfahren die Semantik der Systemontologie aus und demonstrieren so die zustandsorientierte Wartung des Schienennetzes.
Recent advancements in solid electrolytes integrated into all-solid-state 2D and 3D lithium-ion microbatteries (2021)

This review reports progress in solid electrolytes integrated into all-solid-state 2D and 3D lithium-ion microbatteries. The latest improvements, performance and challenges of the all-solid-state 2D and 3D structured microbatteries are analyzed.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Lysine Racemase from a Soil Metagenomic Library (2009)

A lysine racemase (lyr) gene was isolated from a soil metagenome by functional complementation for the first time by using Escherichia coli BCRC 51734 cells as the host and d-lysine as the selection agent. The lyr gene consisted of a 1,182-bp nucleotide sequence encoding a protein of 393 amino acids with a molecular mass of about 42.7 kDa. The enzyme exhibited higher specific activity toward lysine in the l-lysine-to-d-lysine direction than in the reverse reaction.
Flow control device evaluation for an internal flow with an adverse pressure gradient (2002)

The effectiveness of several active and passive devices to control flow in an adverse pressure gradient with secondary flows present was evaluated in the 15 Inch Low Speed Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center. In this study, passive micro vortex generators, micro bumps, and piezoelectric synthetic jets were evaluated for their flow control characteristics using surface static pressures, flow visualization, and 3D Stereo Digital Particle Image Velocimetry. Data also were acquired for synthetic jet actuators in a zero flow environment. It was found that the micro vortex generator is very effective in controlling the flow environment for an adverse pressure gradient, even in the presence of secondary vortical flow. The mechanism by which the control is effected is a re-energization of the boundary layer through flow mixing. The piezoelectric synthetic jet actuators must have sufficient velocity output to produce strong longitudinal vortices if they are to be effective for flow control. The output of these devices in a laboratory or zero flow environment will be different than the output in a flow environment. In this investigation, the output was higher in the flow environment, but the stroke cycle in the flow did not indicate a positive inflow into the synthetic jet.
Counterfactual Learning from Bandit Feedback under Deterministic Logging : A Case Study in Statistical Machine Translation (2017)

The goal of counterfactual learning for statistical machine translation (SMT) is to optimize a target SMT system from logged data that consist of user feedback to translations that were predicted by another, historic SMT system. A challenge arises by the fact that riskaverse commercial SMT systems deterministically log the most probable translation. The lack of sufficient exploration of the SMT output space seemingly contradicts the theoretical requirements for counterfactual learning. We show that counterfactual learning from deterministic bandit logs is possible nevertheless by smoothing out deterministic components in learning. This can be achieved by additive and multiplicative control variates that avoid degenerate behavior in empirical risk minimization. Our simulation experiments show improvements of up to 2 BLEU points by counterfactual learning from deterministic bandit feedback.
Structural modification of polysaccharides: A biochemical-genetic approach (1991)

Polysaccharides have a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications. An industry trend is underway towards the increased use of bacteria to produce polysaccharides. Long term goals of this work are the adaptation and enhancement of saccharide properties for electronic and optic applications. In this report we illustrate the application of enzyme-bearing bacteriophage on strains of the enteric bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, which produces a polysaccharide with the relatively rare rheological property of drag-reduction. This has resulted in the production of new polysaccharides with enhanced rheological properties. Our laboratory is developing techniques for processing and structurally modifying bacterial polysaccharides and oligosaccharides which comprise their basic polymeric repeat units. Our research has focused on bacteriophage which produce specific polysaccharide degrading enzymes. This has lead to the development of enzymes generated by bacteriophage as tools for polysaccharide modification and purification. These enzymes were used to efficiently convert the native material to uniform-sized high molecular weight polymers, or alternatively into high-purity oligosaccharides. Enzyme-bearing bacteriophage also serve as genetic selection tools for bacteria that produce new families of polysaccharides with modified structures.
SiC/GaN power semiconductor devices: a theoretical comparison and experimental evaluation under different switching conditions (2017)

(This study is for special section ‘Design, modelling and control of electric drives for transportation applications’) The conduction and switching losses of silicon carbide (SIC) and gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors are compared in this study. Voltage rating of commercial GaN power transistors is <650 V, whereas that of SiC power transistors is <1200 V. This study begins with a theoretical analysis that examines how the characteristics of a 1200 V SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) change if device design is re‐optimised for 600 V blocking voltage. Afterwards, a range of commercial devices [1200 V SIC junction gate FET, 1200 V SiC­MOSFET, 650 V SiC‐MOSFET and 650 V GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT)] with the same current rating are characterised and their conduction losses, inter‐electrode capacitances and switching energy E sw are compared, where it is shown that GaN‐HEMT has smaller conduction and switching losses than SiC devices. Finally, a zero‐voltage switching circuit is used to evaluate all the devices, where device only produces turn‐OFF switching losses and it is shown that GaN‐HEMT has less switching losses than SiC device in this soft switching mode. It is also shown in this study that 1200 V SiC‐MOSFET has smaller conduction and switching losses than 650 V SiC‐MOSFET.
Free radical mechanism for the effects of environmental electromagnetic fields on biological systems (1996)

The radical pair mechanism is discussed as a possible route whereby a magnetic field of environmental strength might affect a biological system. It is well established as the origin of reproducible field effects in chemistry, and these can be observed even at very low magnetic field strengths, including that of the geomagnetic field. Here it is attempted to give a description which might assist experimentalists working in biological laboratories to devize tests of its relevance to their work. The mechanism is well understood and a specific theoretical approach is taken to explore and emphasize the importance of the lifetime of the radical pair and the precise chemical natures of the radicals which comprise it in affecting the size of the low-field effects. Further subsequent processes are likely necessary to cause this primary effect to attain biological significance. Arguments are provided to suggest that the encounters of freely diffusing pairs (F-pairs) of radicals are unlikely to produce significant effects in biology.
Enhancing the Temporal Complexity of Distributed Brain Networks with Patterned Cerebellar Stimulation (2016)

Growing evidence suggests that sensory, motor, cognitive and affective processes map onto specific, distributed neural networks. Cerebellar subregions are part of these networks, but how the cerebellum is involved in this wide range of brain functions remains poorly understood. It is postulated that the cerebellum contributes a basic role in brain functions, helping to shape the complexity of brain temporal dynamics. We therefore hypothesized that stimulating cerebellar nodes integrated in different networks should have the same impact on the temporal complexity of cortical signals. In healthy humans, we applied intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the vermis lobule VII or right lateral cerebellar Crus I/II, subregions that prominently couple to the dorsal-attention/fronto-parietal and default-mode networks, respectively. Cerebellar iTBS increased the complexity of brain signals across multiple time scales in a network-specific manner identified through electroencephalography (EEG). We also demonstrated a region-specific shift in power of cortical oscillations towards higher frequencies consistent with the natural frequencies of targeted cortical areas. Our findings provide a novel mechanism and evidence by which the cerebellum contributes to multiple brain functions: specific cerebellar subregions control the temporal dynamics of the networks they are engaged in.
Global Data Flow Analysis and Iterative Algorithms (1976)

Kildall has developed data propagation algorithms for code optimization in a general lattice theoretic framework. In another direction, Hecht and Ullman gave a strong upper bound on the number of iterations required for propagation algorithms when the data is represented by bit vectors and depth-first ordering of the flow graph is used. The present paper combines the ideas of these two papers by considering conditions under which the bound of Hecht and Ullman applies to the depth-first version of Kildall's general data propagation algorithm. It is shown that the following condition is necessary and sufficient: Let ƒ and g be any two functions which could be associated with blocks of a flow graph, let x be an arbitrary lattice element, and let 0 be the lattice zero. Then (*) (∀ƒ ,g,x ) [ƒ g (0) ≥ g (0) ∧ ƒ( x ) ∧ x ]. Then it is shown that several of the particular instances of the techniques Kildall found useful do not meet condition (*).
Flavocoxid, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5‐lipoxygenase, blunts pro‐inflammatory phenotype activation in endotoxin‐stimulated macrophages (2009)

Flavocoxid might be useful as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, acting at the level of gene and protein expression.