gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on Field Emission Characteristics of Planar Graphene Layers Obtained from a Highly Oriented Pyrolyzed Graphite Block (2009)

This paper describes an experimental study on field emission characteristics of individual graphene layers for vacuum nanoelectronics. Graphene layers were prepared by mechanical exfoliation from a highly oriented pyrolyzed graphite block and placed on an insulating substrate, with the resulting field emission behavior investigated using a nanomanipulator operating inside a scanning electron microscope. A pair of tungsten tips controlled by the nanomanipulator enabled electric connection with the graphene layers without postfabrication. The maximum emitted current from the graphene layers was 170 nA and the turn-on voltage was 12.1 V.
A Highly Reliable Copper Nanowire/Nanoparticle Ink Pattern with High Conductivity on Flexible Substrate Prepared via a Flash Light-Sintering Technique (2015)

In this work, copper nanowires (NWs) and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) were employed to increase the reliability of a printed electrode pattern under mechanical bending fatigue. The fabricated Cu NW/NP inks with different weight fractions of Cu NWs were printed on a polyimide substrate and flash light-sintered within a few milliseconds at room temperature under ambient conditions. Then, 1000 cycles of outer and inner bending fatigue tests were performed using a lab-made fatigue tester. The flash light-sintered Cu NW/NP ink film with 5 wt % Cu NWs prepared under the flash light-sintering conditions (12.5 J·cm–2 irradiation energy, 10 ms pulse duration, and one pulse) showed a lower resistivity (22.77 μΩ·cm) than those of the only Cu NPs and Cu NWs ink (94.01 μΩ·cm and 104.15 μΩ·cm, respectively). In addition, the resistance change (ΔR·R0(–1)) of the 5 wt % Cu NWs Cu NW/NP film was greatly enhanced to 4.19 compared to the 92.75 of the Cu NPs film obtained under mechanical fatigue conditions over 1000 cycles and an outer bending radius of 7 mm. These results were obtained by the densification and enhanced mechanical flexibility of flash light-sintered Cu NW/NP network, which resulted in prevention of crack initiation and propagation. To characterize the Cu NW/NP ink film, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used.
Modeling the Preferred Shapes of Polyamine Transporter Ligands and Dihydromotuporamine-C Mimics:  Shovel versus Hoe (2006)

Preferred conformers generated from motuporamine and anthracene-polyamine derivatives provided insight into the shapes associated with polyamine transporter (PAT) recognition and potentially dihydromotuporamine C (4a) bioactivity. Molecular modeling revealed that N(1)-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-3,3-triamine (6a), N(1)-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-4,4-triamine (6b), N(1)-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-N(1)-ethyl-3,3-triamine (7a), N(1)-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-N(1)-ethyl-4,4-triamine (7b), and 4a all preferred a hoe motif. This hoe shape was defined by the all-anti polyamine shaft extending above the relatively flat, appended ring system. The hoe geometry was also inferred by the (1)H NMR spectrum of the free amine of 7a (CDCl(3)), which showed a strong shielding effect of the anthracene ring on the chemical shifts associated with the appended polyamine chain. This shielding effect was found to be independent over a broad concentration range of 7a, which also supported an intramolecular phenomenon. The degree of substitution at the N(1)-position seems to be an important determinant of both the molecular shape preferences and biological activity of anthracenylmethyl-polyamine conjugates.
New Breed of Speakers Represent Diversity, New Ideas (1993)

Many of the rising stars on the speaker circuit are helping break the conservative stranglehold on corporate thinking. A new breed of speakers reflecting the country's growing diversity is helping American business reinvent itself. Democratic insiders, women, blacks, Hispanics and other innovative thinkers brimming with new ideas are making subtle inroads into a speaker circuit dominated for the past 12 years by conservative white males. The country is going through a social, economic and political transition. And like President Bill Clinton, many organizations are turning to professionals from diverse backgrounds who bring fresh insights to old problems. These new speakers are selling new value systems to their audiences. We see more organizations willing to be challenged, willing to stand up and do something about diversity and social issues, and willing to have speakers other than those who represent 'business as usual' on their platforms, said Joseph E. Cosby, chairman and CEO of CCL Eleanor Clift, a liberal white female; and Juan Williams, a black male with strong views on politics, civil rights and race relations. Clients want to do the right thing. They're saying, 'Let's get more diverse,' said Cosby. Five years ago this would never have happened. It would have been considered too explosive, too controversial. But today this is what companies need to survive. Unfortunately, the supply of women and minority speakers does not meet the increased demand. There are many reasons for this shortage, some cultural, some professional. The search for these potential stars, however, is now quite intensive. The spirit of change and survival are just two of the many powerful messages being delivered from podiums today. Lewis Puller Jr., who won a Pulitzer Prize for his autobiography, Fortunate Son, and went to Vietnam the son of a military legend and returned in a wheelchair, is a good example. Puller, a speaker represented by New York City-based Greater Talent Network, translates real-life trials into lessons for business. His message is about how to win the battle to reclaim your life, said Don Epstein, president of Greater Talent Network. It's a message that any organization could benefit from. Learning a new way Strategic management techniques, the environment, the economy, international business, and health care are other hot topics. Organizations are responding to a fundamental restructuring of business and are trying to get ahead of the curve, said Daniel Stern, president of The Leigh Bureau, a speakers bureau located in Somerset, NJ. Companies are looking to learn new strategic concepts and hear a substantive presentation of ideas. Stern cites Prudential Insurance Co. and IBM as examples of corporate giants with a conservative tradition that are turning to the new breed of thinkers for help. Shortly after President Clinton's election, Prudential contacted Stern and requested a first-rate economist, a strategic thinker--someone who could make sense out of the rapidly changing business landscape. …
Quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan: preparation and antimicrobial property for paper (2015)

A series of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) was prepared by the reaction of chitosan with glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Structure of HACC was characterized by FT IR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopies, and it was proved that substitution reaction mainly occurs on the <i>N</i> element. Antimicrobial activities of HACC was examined against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>A. niger</i>. Results indicatd that the inhibitory effects of HACC solutions were varied with HACC concentration, quaternization degrees, pH values, metal ions, and heat treatment. The antimicrobial properties of handsheets prepared from HACC were studied by the inhibition zone method, and the sheets had good antimicrobial properties against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, and low inhibition rate against <i>A. niger</i>.
Design of LED marker for camera calibration of rapid deployment (2016)

This paper designs a kind of LED markers as well as the counterpart recognition algorithm for calibrating cameras in need for the rapid deployment for WMSN. Firstly, the implementation of WMSN calibration process is introduced. Afterwards, by analyzing the defects of algorithms using feature extraction for recognition, a simpler two-dimensional marker recognition method is designed. The recognition algorithm for the markers is described in detail. By experimenting in different circumstances we prove that our method is simple and fast, with good anti-interference and rotation invariance performance. Besides it provides essential and sufficient corner information for the following calibration process. Thus the presented LED marker and detection method is suitable for calibrating camera nodes in practical applications.
Boronic Acid Porphyrin Receptor for Ginsenoside Sensing (2010)

Ginsenoside detection was pursued through the design of a porphyrin receptor containing two boronic acid units. This receptor was found to undergo different degrees of fluorescence quenching with five ginsenoside guests and an acylated derivative. The trends in the 1:1 binding constants, as well as ESI-HRMS analysis, support a binding mode in which the ginsenoside sugar units are bound to the boronic acid groups, while the steroid core and porphyrin ring participate in hydrophobic interactions.
[About the antimicrobial activity of substituted aromatic aldehydes and alcohols (author's transl)]. (1979)

In the scope of our research about the antimicrobial activity of serveral chemicals a number of substituted benzaldehydes and benzylalcohols was investigated under standardized conditions following the method of DGHM (German Society of Hygiene and Microbiology) against bacteria, dermatophytes and moulds. The germicidal activity, demonstrated by the suspension test, is generally low except under special conditions (low or high pH-value). The germistatic activity, demonstrated by the MIC-test, is much higher than the germicidal effect (figs. 1--4). The relation structure-germistatic activity is discussed.
Real time scheduling under uncertainty (2002)

Generally, real time scheduling algorithms provide optimal solution when the application context is well known and its behavior completely mastered. But in practice, both the real time constraints and the tasks' characteristics are often imprecisely known. This results in sub-optimal behaviors generating failures that should be avoided. In this paper, a natural approach based on fuzzy calculus is proposed and compared with two others: the flexible/fuzzy constraints satisfaction problems, and probability based model. It can be shown that the fuzzy calculus is as efficient as the others, but simpler. This approach allows more realistic knowledge representations and definitions of more flexible real time scheduling algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Light Scattering Sensor for Direct Identification of Colonies of Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O157 (2014)

BARDOT could potentially be used as a screening tool during isolation of the most important STEC serovars on selective agar plates from food samples in less than 24 h.
Large–Scale Freezing and Thawing of Biopharmaceutical Products (2020)

This chapter describes the principles and process design considerations for freezing and thawing protein solutions on a large scale. Freeze-thaw systems designed to handle bulk product volumes greater than 100 L have been used for several years at Genentech, Inc., as a method for preserving formulated and preformulated bulk parenteral biopharmaceutical products. The chapter describes use of a portable, jacketed, stainless steel vessel with internal heat transfer surfaces. Its design is consistent with conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing and current good manufacturing practices. Important considerations for the large-scale freezing process includes minimizing freezing time, minimizing convection, promoting dendritic ice growth, minimizing cryoconcentration, avoiding mechanical stresses in the vessel, and providing a sanitary vessel design. Important considerations for the large-scale thawing process include avoiding overheating the product by maintaining tight control of the vessel wall temperature and maximizing convection in the liquid phase.
Using Reconfigurable Tooling and Surface Heating for Incremental Forming of Composite Aircraft Parts (2003)

The application of composites in the aircraft industry has increased significantly over the past few decades. With traditional composite laminate shaping, each layer is made to conform to the mold surface by hand before subsequent layers are added. This is a very labor- and time-intensive process. There is a great deal of interest in developing an automated process for forming composite parts with compound curvatures. The proposed composite forming process utilizes a computer-controlled, reconfigurable discrete element mold to incrementally form a compound curvature part shape from a flat lay-up, thereby facilitating process automation. An elastomeric interpolating layer, called an interpolator, is placed on top of the hemispherical forming ends of the die elements to prevent dimpling of the composite lay-up. The process employs vacuum to pull a single diaphragm (top), composite, and interpolator into contact with the mold surface. Through an experimental investigation, this new composites forming process with “active” tooling has been successfully demonstrated. Heating of the composite is accomplished by uncontained, forced convection using a matrix of heated air jets mounted above the composite. However, low-powered conduction is shown to be the best heating method in terms of both composite heating time and minimization of through-thickness temperature. Using vacuum to conform both the composite and the interpolator to the mold, and choosing sufficiently stiff diaphragm and interpolator materials, undimpled and wrinkle-free composite parts have been formed in an incremental fashion.
Integrating Machine Learning Techniques to Constitute a Hybrid Security System (2014)

Computer Security has been discussed and improvised in many forms and using different techniques as well as technologies. The enhancements keep on adding as the security remains the fastest updating unit in a computer system. In this paper we propose a model for securing the system along with the network and enhance it more by applying machine learning techniques SVM (support vector machine) and ANN (Artificial Neural Network). Both the techniques are used together to generate results which are appropriate for analysis purpose and thus, prove to be the milestone for security.
Implementation of Content Centric Networks through Domain Name System (2015)

Content Centric Network (CCN) is a proposed future internet architecture that is based on the concept of contents name instead of the hosts name followed in the traditional internet architecture. CCN architecture might do changes in the existing internet architecture or might replace it completely. In this paper, we present modifications to the existing Domain Name System (DNS) based on the CCN architecture requirements without changing the existing routing architecture. Hence the proposed solution achieves the benefits of both CCN and existing network infrastructure (i.e. content based routing, independent of host location, caching and content delivery protocols).
Pembelajaran analisis artikel ilmiah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir ilmiah dalam mata kuliah pengetahuan lingkungan (2023)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran analisis artikel ilmiah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir ilmiah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan matematika STKIP Muhammadiyah Sungai Penuh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei yang diikuti dengan eksperimen terbatas pada semester dua yang melibatkan 71 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir ilmiah mahasiswa berada pada rentang 75-83 atau dalam kategori baik, sedangkan kemampuan analisis artikel mahasiswa berada pada rentang 10-15 atau dalam kategori sangat kurang. Standar proses yang ditawarkan oleh pembelajaran saintifik belum mampu menarik mahasiswa pada level ide, yaitu analisis artikel dan berpikir ilmiah berada pada level yang sama.
A Voltage Stability Contingency Ranking Method Including Unstable Contingencies (2009)

In this paper, the fast voltage stability contingency ranking method including unstable contingency cases is proposed. The proposed method provides the following three advantages at once: i) Reduction of the computation time for voltage stability contingencies using the concept of the power flow compensation, ii) Calculation of the voltage stability index for all load buses and assessment of the voltage stability for each N-1 contingency, iii) Estimation of the necessary amount of load shedding ΔPcut on condition that stabilizing the unstable load buses is required. The proposed method makes it possible to arrange contingency cases in descending order according to the severity of voltage stability index and the amount of load shedding, although unstable load buses are included in contingency cases. The performance of the method is validated using simple a 6-node test system and a modified IEEE 30 bus system.
Facile Fabrication of Large‐Area Atomically Thin Membranes by Direct Synthesis of Graphene with Nanoscale Porosity (2018)

Direct synthesis of graphene with well-defined nanoscale pores over large areas can transform the fabrication of nanoporous atomically thin membranes (NATMs) and greatly enhance their potential for practical applications. However, scalable bottom-up synthesis of continuous sheets of nanoporous graphene that maintain integrity over large areas has not been demonstrated. Here, it is shown that a simple reduction in temperature during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu induces in-situ formation of nanoscale defects (≤2-3 nm) in the graphene lattice, enabling direct and scalable synthesis of nanoporous monolayer graphene. By solution-casting of hierarchically porous polyether sulfone supports on the as-grown nanoporous CVD graphene, large-area (>5 cm<sup>2</sup> ) NATMs for dialysis applications are demonstrated. The synthesized NATMs show size-selective diffusive transport and effective separation of small molecules and salts from a model protein, with ≈2-100× increase in permeance along with selectivity better than or comparable to state-of-the-art commercially available polymeric dialysis membranes. The membranes constitute the largest fully functional NATMs fabricated via bottom-up nanopore formation, and can be easily scaled up to larger sizes permitted by CVD synthesis. The results highlight synergistic benefits in blending traditional membrane casting with bottom-up pore creation during graphene CVD for advancing NATMs toward practical applications.
Magnetohydrodynamic Drop-on-Demand Liquid Metal Additive Manufacturing: System Overview and Modelling (2018)

We introduce an innovative additive manufacturing method that involves the drop-on-demand (DOD) printing of molten metal droplets to build three-dimensional (3D) metal structures of arbitrary shape. This technique is based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) droplet generation. Specifically, a transient magnetic field, generated by an electrically-pulsed external coil, induces a circulating current in molten aluminum that back couples to the applied field and creates a Lorentz force density (effective pressure) inside the printhead droplet ejection chamber. This effective pressure causes the ejection of a liquid metal droplet through a nozzle. Arbitrary 3D metal structures are printed in a layer-by-layer fashion. We present a commercial MHD-based printing system under development by Vader Systems (www.vadersystems.com) and introduce two computational models that predict system performance. We discuss the underlying physics of droplet generation and the thermo-fluidic aspects of droplet deposition, coalescence and solidification. We demonstrate good agreement between our computational models and measured data.
A short synthesis of <i>C</i>‐glycosyl pyrazoles and pyrroles (1995)

Abstract The sodium salt of TOSMIC reacted with ( E )‐3,4,5,6,7‐penta‐ O ‐acetyl‐1,2‐dideoxy‐1‐ C ‐nitro‐D‐galacto‐ (1) and ‐D‐ manno ‐hept‐1‐enitol (2) to give 3‐(D‐ galacto ‐ (3) and 3‐(D‐ manno ‐penta‐ O ‐acetylpentitol‐1‐yl)‐4‐nitropyrrole (4) , respectively. Compound 1 reacted with diaryl nitrile imines, affording 1,3‐diaryl‐4‐(1,2,3,4,5‐penta‐ O ‐acetyl‐D‐ galacto ‐pentitol‐1‐yl)pyrazoles 5 and 6 .
Cutaneous application of menthol 10% solution as an abortive treatment of migraine without aura: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossed-over study (2010)

Menthol solution can be an efficacious, safe and tolerable therapeutic option for the abortive treatment of migraine.
Managing Cloud Computing risks in financial services institutions (2015)

The integration of Cloud Computing with information systems architectures continues to grow at a rapid pace due to the availability of high quality, low cost computing services and organizational efforts to improve efficiency and productivity. Enterprises are increasingly comfortable turning to the Cloud for IT solutions, where teams of dedicated, specialized experts deliver important capabilities and outcomes, instead of investing in the development of internal architectures. While data and systems security concerns remain, for many firms the economic arguments are so compelling in favor of Cloud deployments that adoption tends to proceed regardless of security and assurance worries. As a result, enterprise IT functions find themselves managing an array of risk issues in an environment of diminished transparency and with limited opportunities to directly treat observed risks. The mechanisms for managing technology risks associated with Cloud models differ from traditional approaches taken to control risk in internal architectures. This paper examines emerging threats in Cloud Computing within a financial services organization. This includes consideration of insider threats, data leakage, insecure software, and new Cloud attack patterns. The nature and characteristics of the threats are explained and the paper explores the risk treatment options chosen by the sample organization. The authors' observations are synthesized in a general model that describes Cloud Risks and Controls for financial services institutions.
'Aspirin resistance' or treatment non-compliance: Which is to blame for cardiovascular complications? (2008)

Aspirin is one of the 'cornerstone' drugs in our current management of cardiovascular disorders. However, despite the prescription of aspirin recurrent vascular events still occur in 10-20% of patients. These, data together with the observations of diminished antiaggregatory response to aspirin in some subjects have provided the basis of the current debate on the existence of so-called "aspirin resistance". Unfortunately, many of the tests employed to define 'aspirin resistance' lack sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The prevalence of 'aspirin resistance' as defined by each test varies widely, and furthermore, the value of a single point estimate measure of aspirin resistance is questionable. The rate of 'aspirin resistance' is law if patients observed to ingest aspirin, with large proportion of patients to be pseudo-'aspirin resistant', due to non-compliance. What are the implications for clinical practice? Possible non-adherence to aspirin prescription should also be carefully considered before changing to higher aspirin doses, other antiplatelet drugs (e.g. clopidogrel) or even combination antiplatelet drug therapy. Given the multifactorial nature of atherothrombotic disease, it is not surprising that only about 25% of all cardiovascular complications can usually be prevented by any single medication. We would advocate against routine testing of platelet sensitivity to aspirin (as an attempt to look for 'aspirin resistance') but rather, to highlight the importance of clinicians and public attention to the problem of treatment non-compliance.