gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of NMR Cryoporometry, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, and DSC Thermoporosimetry in Characterizing Pore Size Distributions of Compressed Finely Ground Calcium Carbonate Structures (2004)

This work investigates for the first time how mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), NMR-based cryoporometry, and DSC-based thermoporosimetry compare in revealing the porous characteristics of ground calcium carbonate structures compacted over a range of pressures. The comparison is made using the same source samples throughout. MIP, a much-used method in the characterization of porous structures, has the drawback that the high pressure needed to intrude the mercury may either distort the skeletal porous structure of the sample, especially when compressible materials such as cellulose or binders/latex are present, or lead to a reduction in the measured number of large pores due to the shielding by smaller pores. These effects have previously been addressed using bulk modulus corrections and by modeling the structure permeability to account for the potential shielding. Cryoporometry gives detailed information about the pore size distribution of an imbibition saturated structure. Thermoporosimetry is a relatively new candidate in this field, and it yields both pore size distribution and pore volume. Currently it is somewhat limited in the pore size range detectable, but it is relevant to pigmented coatings. Its potential is identified for capturing the pores involved in the progress of imbibition before saturation is reached.
Bombesin Down Modulates Pulmonary Fibrosis Elicited in Mice by Bleomycin (1995)

The role of bombesin was investigated in the course of the pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis (PF) elicited by the intratracheal (IT) or intravenous (i.v.) administration of bleomycin in mice. Bleomycin-induced alveolitis was associated with an accumulation of cells, presumably macrophages, containing bombesin, as evidenced by immunohistochemistry. Administration of bombesin by an osmotic minipump implanted IP, at a rate of 6 micrograms/h, decreased the lung hydroxyproline evident 15 days after IV or IT administration of bleomycin. In contrast, antibombesin monoclonal antibody 2A11 (mAb) increased the lung hydroxyproline content after IT administration of bleomycin. In addition, the mortality of bleomycin-injected mice was increased by the anti-bombesin mAb. Bombesin administration induced an increase, and anti-bombesin mAb induced a decrease, in the number of macrophages recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage. Administration of bombesin did not change the mRNA levels of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and PDGF, as seen on Northern blots made with the lung RNA. Pulmonary platelet trapping, which was increased by a bleomycin injection, was decreased by an infusion of bombesin as demonstrated by the distribution of 111In-labeled platelets. This study indicates that bombesin act as an inhibitor of the development of pulmonary fibrosis, possibly by decreasing pulmonary platelet trapping.
A peak power reduction scheme with adaptive transmit power control for multi-carrier transmission (2003)

We propose a peak-power-suppression (PPS) scheme for a multi-carrier transmission (MCT) system where subchannels are band-limited by filtering before the multiplexer. In this scheme, the transmit pulse power before filtering is decreased whenever the envelope-peak amplitude is above a given threshold level. A reduction of 75% in peak power is achieved with a little, but insignificant, degradation in BER performance by applying the PPS scheme to an MCT system with 8 subchannels under flat fading conditions. The proposed scheme is also investigated with an adaptive transmit power control, and average transmit power and peak-to-mean power ratio (PMPR) are reduced.
A Novel Optically Transparent UWB Antenna for Automotive MIMO Communications (2021)

A novel optically transparent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for automotive applications is presented in this article. The MIMO antenna consists of a two-semicircular slot-loaded monopole with a staircase ground structure. It is developed on a glass substrate with dimension 29×50 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The fluorine-doped tin oxide and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) are used as the conductive layers on the bottom and top of the substrate with sheet resistance 4 Ω/sq and 10 Ω/sq, respectively. The fabricated antenna has an optical transmittance greater than 72%; hence, it can be placed on the glass surface of the automotive. The measured results show that the proposed antenna exhibits a good impedance matching over a frequency of 2.4-11 GHz with isolation greater than 20 dB and a peak realized gain of 2 dBi, which is suitable for ultrawideband (UWB) automotive applications.
The European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) (2014)

There has been a significant change in the use of recreational drugs in the last 5–10 years with increasing availability and use of a range of different new (or novel) psychoactive substances (NPS)...
[Initial experiences with collagen as a soft tissue implant in glottis insufficiencies]. (1987)

Zyderm Collagen Implant has been used successfully for several years as a soft tissue implant to fill tissue irregularities and other skin defects. In 1984 Ford reported the first experiences of the use of injectable collagen in glottic insufficiency. We are carrying out clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of Zyderm II implants in the treatment of glottic insufficiency. Therapeutic success depends on careful adherence to correct indications and contra-indications, careful explanation to the patient, voice therapy, correct injection technique and adequate patient supervision.
Reducing risk of house dust mite and cockroach allergen exposure in inner-city children with asthma. (1996)

Asthma prevalence among disadvantaged and minority children is disproportionately higher in inner-city populations. Environmental allergen exposure, particularly that of house dust mites and cockroaches, is known to contribute to asthma exacerbations in children. Environmental control of these particular triggers is a necessary component of asthma education and should be incorporated into the teaching plan for these children. The costs surrounding environmental control may not be within the means of many families living in urban, inner-city environments; therefore nurses should offer families creative ideas and cost effective suggestions for controlling environmental triggers.
Can Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Subject English Really be Measured? (2015)

There is a growing awareness that it is teachers’ level of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) that is a critical influence on students’ learning. To date most of the initiatives associated with understanding PCK have come from researchers investigating teachers’ PCK in the subject areas of mathematics, science and technology, with limited PCK research on subject English. Subject English refers to what is taught in schools under the banner of the English curriculum. In the Australian context, subject English has three interconnected strands that focus on Language: Literature and Literacy. This paper will overview why teachers’ PCK in subject English is a complex construct to define and will briefly review the development of a multidimensional measure of teachers’ PCK in subject English.
Towards complete node enumeration in a peer-to-peer botnet (2009)

Modern advanced botnets may employ a decentralized peer-to-peer overlay network to bootstrap and maintain their command and control channels, making them more resilient to traditional mitigation efforts such as server incapacitation. As an alternative strategy, the malware defense community has been trying to identify the bot-infected hosts and enumerate the IP addresses of the participating nodes so that the list can be used by system administrators to identify local infections, block spam emails sent from bots, and configure firewalls to protect local users. Enumerating the infected hosts, however, has presented challenges. One cannot identify infected hosts behind firewalls or NAT devices by employing crawlers, a commonly used enumeration technique where recursive get-peerlist lookup requests are sent newly discovered IP addresses of infected hosts. As many bot-infected machines in homes or offices are behind firewall or NAT devices, these crawler-based enumeration methods would miss a large portions of botnet infections. In this paper, we present the Passive P2P Monitor (PPM), which can enumerate the infected hosts regardless whether or not they are behind a firewall or NAT. As an empirical study, we examined the Storm botnet and enumerated its infected hosts using the PPM. We also improve our PPM design by incorporating a FireWall Checker (FWC) to identify nodes behind a firewall. Our experiment with the peer-to-peer Storm botnet shows that more than 40% of bots that contact the PPM are behind firewall or NAT devices, implying that crawler-based enumeration techniques would miss out a significant portion of the botnet population. Finally, we show that the PPM's coverage is based on a probability-based coverage model that we derived from the empirical observation of the Storm botnet.
3D hierarchical porous amidoxime fibers speed up uranium extraction from seawater (2019)

The development of high specific surface area amidoxime-based polymeric (H-ABP) fibers presents a new technology for the synthesis of highly efficient adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater (UES), thus opening a whole new means of nuclear fuel production from the ocean.
Pulmonary Hypertension (2009)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a haemodynamic and pathophysiological state that can be found in multiple clinical conditions which have been classified into six diagnostic groups with specific histological, clinical, and therapeutic features. Despite possible comparable elevations of pulmonary pressure in the different clinical groups, the underlying mechanisms, the diagnostic approaches, and the prognostic and therapeutic implications are completely different....
Semio: Developing a cloud-based platform for multimodal conversational AI in social robotics (2017)

Semio is developing a cloud-based platform to allow humans to use robots through natural communication-speech and body language. The platform allows developers to create and deploy speech/gesture-based applications to be executed by robots, and allows non-expert users to access and use those robot applications through natural communication.
Molecular and metabolic pathways mediating curative treatment of a non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma by Sindbis viral vectors and anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody (2019)

Our study provides a novel, alternative method for B cell lymphoma treatment and describes a rationale to help translate SV vectors plus agonistic mAb into clinical applications.
Skip Finite Automaton: A Content Scanning Engine to Secure Enterprise Networks (2010)

Today's file sharing networks are creating potential security problems to enterprise networks, i.e., the leakage of confidential documents. In order to prevent such leakage, we propose the Data Leakage Prevention System (DLPS) which is applied at the entrance of the enterprise network to filter out the outgoing sensitive information. The DLPS is based on a content scanning engine which defines a new type of matching problem, called longest overlap matching which also exits in many other applications as a basic problem where contents are delivered by small blocks. We study the problem by comparing it with the traditional pattern matching problem in Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) of Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) whose solutions are based on finite automata. We develop a new finite automata representation called Skip-Finite Automata (Skip-FA) which detects the packets carrying sensitive information by using default transitions to implicitly track the overlapping parts between packets' payloads and sensitive files. The simulation results shows that our system achieves a matching speed of about 10B+ per memory access for small file set (>;20KB) and 100B+ per memory access for large file set (>;2500KB). We also find that the memory consumption of Skip-FA is almost the same to that of the original files.
Electroless Co-B-P-W Deposition Using DMAB as Reducing Agent (2014)

Co-B-P-W alloy films were deposited by the electroless plating method on Cu foil and on Si wafer with a sputtered PVD TaN/Ta barrier and Cu seed substrate. The effects of concentration of the reactants and temperature on the deposition rate were investigated. By variation of electroless plating solution composition, Co-B-P-W coatings containing different amounts of boron, phosphorus and tungsten can be obtained under slightly acid conditions. Using operating conditions selected Co-B-P-W coatings containing 0.5-10.0 at. % W, 0.5-16.0 at. % B and 1.5-6.0 at. % P can be obtained. The induction period depends on solution composition, but can be effectively shortened by elevation of the temperature of working solution.
MannosylGlycodendritic Structure Inhibits DC-SIGN-Mediated Ebola VirusInfection in <i>cis</i> and in <i>trans</i> (2003)

We have designed a glycodendritic structure, BH30sucMan, that blocks the interaction between dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and Ebola virus (EBOV) envelope. BH30sucMan inhibits DC-SIGN-mediated EBOV infection at nanomolar concentrations. BH30sucMan may counteract important steps of the infective process of EBOV and, potentially, of microorganisms shown to exploit DC-SIGN for cell entry and infection.
FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DESIGN METHOD FOR NICKEL-TITANIUM SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY (2001)

Shape memory alloys (SMA), because of their unique mechanical characteristics and shape memory effect (SME), have been widely used as force and displacement actuators in many fields [DUERING et al, 1990]. In the industrial applications, it is necessary not only to calculate the mechanical response of the actuator in terms of recovery force or deformation, but also to evaluate its temporal characteristics, i.e., the actuation and reset times. This paper presents the fundamental characteristics of SMA and a complete design model, which requires a close connection between three models: a mechanical model to predict the response of the actuator to a given temperature increment, a thermal model to compute the temperature change in the device, and a continuum-mechanical model to predict the martensite fraction on the SMA. The methodology is applied to a linear wire actuator.
Identification and Function of Fibrocytes in Skeletal Muscle Injury Repair and Muscular Dystrophy (2016)

We identified and characterized the function of CD45<sup>+</sup>/collagen I<sup>+</sup> fibrocytes in acutely injured skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and Ccr2<sup>-/-</sup> mice, and in quadriceps and diaphragm muscles of mdx<sup>5cv</sup> mice, a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Fibrocytes were not detected in peripheral blood of WT mice after acute muscle injury or mdx<sup>5cv</sup> mice. Fibrocytes were detected in acutely injured muscles and in mdx<sup>5cv</sup> quadriceps and diaphragm muscles. These cells expressed F4/80 and CCR2, and they were mostly Ly6C<sup>lo</sup> They expressed a low level of collagens but a high level of profibrotic growth factors as compared with i.m. fibroblasts. Fibrocyte expression of collagens and profibrotic growth factors was not increased in Ccr2<sup>-/-</sup> mice as compared with WT controls. Fibrocyte expression of both proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines was significantly higher in mdx<sup>5cv</sup> diaphragm than in mdx<sup>5cv</sup> quadriceps. In cocultures, fibrocytes from the mdx<sup>5cv</sup> diaphragm stimulated a higher level of fibroblast expression of extracellular matrix genes than did those from the mdx<sup>5cv</sup> quadriceps. Our findings suggest that i.m. fibrocytes most likely originate from infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and differentiate within injured muscles. They likely contribute to the normal muscle injury repair by producing growth factors. They do not appear to contribute to the persistent muscle fibrosis associated with poor injury repair in Ccr2<sup>-/-</sup> mice. However, they likely contribute to the persistent inflammation and progressive fibrosis in the mdx<sup>5cv</sup> diaphragm.
Source/Drain dopant concentration induced reliability issues in charge trapping NAND flash cells (2010)

Source/Drain (S/D) dopant concentration related reliability issues including erase speed degradation, sub-threshold swing (SS) increase, and program/erase (P/E) cycling induced low threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) state drift and on-state current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ) reduction are carefully examined in charge trapping (CT) NAND flash memories. Residual charges above S/D junctions has been identified as a dominant factor and cell performances are greatly improved with increasing S/D dosages. Moreover, a new program disturbance behavior, which possibly originates from junction leakage or breakdown induced hot carriers injection, is observed. Simulation results confirm that a high lateral junction field occurs at a program-disturbed cell once its S/D is fully depleted. Although optimizing S/D dosage can ease this situation, it is still a possible obstacle for further device scaling.
Integrating and using large databases of text, images, video, and audio (1999)

WITH THE ADVENT OF RELAtively cheap, large online storage capacities and advances in digital compression, comprehensive sources of text, image, video, and audio (TIVA) can be stored and made available for research and applications. The processing of a single medium has seen significant progress, especially for pure text sources. Also, images are frequently processed and made available through a queryby-example procedure (that is, find another image that has similar colors, textures, and shapes as this one). However, the processing of a combination of multiple types of data has not been explored as thoroughly. Most TIVA sources were not produced with computer processing in mind. In contrast with text processing, few effective methods exist for understanding or even searching the content of combined TIVA sources. Intelligent, content-understanding systems can greatly improve the usefulness of the huge quantities of existing material from these sources. Collecting and intelligently integrating several of these media sources open up opportunities for novel applications of existing AI techniques and for further development of intelligent technologies. Unfortunately, there is no clear categorization or organization of the various research efforts concerning mixed-media databases.
Deficiency of two human leukocyte surface membrane glycoproteins (Mo1 and LFA-1). (1985)

Structural and functional features of a novel disorder characterized by recurrent bacterial infections are reviewed. This disease is associated with a number of phagocyte adhesion defects. In 10 patients, phenotypic analysis with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) revealed the same basic defect in all patients: deficiency of at least two leukocyte surface glycoproteins, Mo1 and LFA-1. These two antigens have distinct alpha subunits (Mo1 alpha = 155 kilodaltons, LFA-1 alpha = 177 kilodaltons) noncovalently linked to a common beta subunit (94 kilodaltons). Mo1 is closely associated with or identical to a receptor for the iC3b fragment of the third component of complement. LFA-1 is involved in lymphocyte proliferation, cytotoxicity, and natural killing. MAb directed to this family of glycoproteins induce functional defects in normal cells similar to those observed in deficient cells. In normal cells, the surface expression of these glycoproteins is regulated by the state of cell activation. Mitogens and alloantigens significantly increase the surface expression of LFA-1 on T lymphocytes. Stimuli that induce degranulation in neutrophils increase the surface expression of Mo1. In all patients with combined Mo1, LFA-1 deficiency, the predominant clinical manifestations were more characteristic of a phagocyte than a lymphocyte disorder. In vitro studies, however, reveal significant defects in phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation that are more apparent at lower concentrations of the lectin. In some families, more than one sibling is affected. Intermediate levels of Mo1 were observed on granulocytes from both parents of one child. In one family, however, only the mother had significantly reduced levels of Mo1, which indicates heterogeneity in the inheritance of this disorder.
Caspase signalling in neuropathic and inflammatory pain in the rat (2004)

Whereas small-fibre sensory neuropathies might ultimately lead to cell death and loss of sensation, they first progress through a phase, which might last for years, characterized by the presence of analgesia-resistant neuropathic dysesthesias and pain. Much previous research has addressed these two phases as separate phenomena mediated by presumably discrete biochemical mechanisms. We hypothesized that activity in signalling pathways that ultimately lead to apoptosis plays a critical role in the generation of neuropathic pain, before death of sensory neurons becomes apparent. We have tested the hypothesis that activator and effector caspases, defining components of programmed cell death (apoptosis) signalling pathways, also contribute to pain-related behaviour in animals with small-fibre peripheral neuropathies and that the death receptor ligand, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and its downstream second messenger, ceramide, also produce pain-related behaviour via this mechanism. In two models of painful peripheral neuropathy, HIV/AIDS therapy (induced by the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, dideoxycytidine), and cancer chemotherapy (induced by vincristine) peripheral neuropathy, and for pain-related behaviour induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha and its second messenger, ceramide, inhibition of both activator (1, 2, 8 and 9) and effector (3) caspases attenuates neuropathic pain-related behaviour, although has no effect in streptozotocin-diabetic neuropathy and control rats. We conclude that during a latent phase, before apoptotic cell death is manifest, the caspase signalling pathway can contribute to pain in small-fibre peripheral neuropathies, and that inflammatory/immune mediators also activate these pathways. This suggests that these pathways are potential targets for novel pharmacological agents for the treatment of inflammatory as well as neuropathic pain.
Functional MicroRNA Is Transferred between Glioma Cells (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded 17- to 27-nucleotide RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional silencing of target mRNAs. Here, we transformed rat 9L gliosarcoma cells to express cel-miR-67, a miRNA that lacks homology in rat. Coculture of these cells with cells that expressed a luciferase reporter that contained a complementary sequence to cel-miR-67 resulted in significant suppression of luciferase expression. This effect was also observed in the U87-MG human glioma cell line. Moreover, luciferase suppression was inhibited by the addition of carbenoxolone to cocultures, suggesting that gap junction communication regulates intercellular transfer of miRNA. Finally, in situ hybridization revealed the presence of cel-miR-67 in cel-miR-67-null 9L cells after coculture with cel-miR-67-expressing cells. Our data show that miRNA transcribed in glioma cells can be transferred to adjacent cells and induces targeted inhibition of protein expression in the acceptor cells. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of targeted intercellular protein regulation between brain tumor cells.