gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the Ligand‐Free Cu<sup>I</sup>‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction (2005)

Ein kräftiger Motor: Die Cu-katalysierte Azid-Alkin-Cycloaddition (siehe Schema) beruht auf der schnellen Bildung von CuI-Acetylid-Komplexen aus terminalen Alkinen 2 und deren Fähigkeit zur Aktivierung organischer Azide 1. Eine kinetische Studie zu dieser Reaktion ergab eine bimolekulare Abhängigkeit vom Metall. Eine ungewöhnlich schnell verlaufende intramolekulare Variante lässt auf eine Kupfer-Triazol-Spezies 3 als reaktives Intermediat schließen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z461496_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A new dynamic adaptive hyperpolarized noble gas magnetic resonance imaging technique (2003)

A new dynamic magnetic resonance imaging method was developed to image rat lung dynamics using hyperpolarized noble gases. Spatially selective encoding methods were developed for imaging hyperpolarized noble gases. These methods were customized for dynamic imaging using an adaptive approach, so that temporal and spatial resolution could be improved.
Preparation of oriented silicon carbide films by laser ablation of ceramic silicon carbide targets (1991)

Stoichiometric films of SiC, 60–150 nm thick, were deposited on [001] and [111] Si wafers by laser ablation of ceramic stoichiometric SiC targets. Films grown at substrate temperatures above 1050 °C show orientation epitaxial to the Si substrate along the film normal. Depending on the deposition conditions, the oriented crystallite dimension along this direction ranges from 20 nm up to the film thickness. The crystallite dimensions in the film plane range from 20 to 70 nm. Raman spectra indicate that the films often contain material other than crystalline SiC. Some of that is in the form of small (3–5 nm) graphitic inclusions.
Calibration of optical coherence tomography angiography with a microfluidic chip (2016)

A microfluidic chip with microchannels ranging from 8 to 96 μm was used to mimic blood vessels down to the capillary level. Blood flow within the microfluidic channels was analyzed with split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA)-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. It was found that the SSADA decorrelation value was related to both blood flow speed and channel width. SSADA could differentiate nonflowing blood inside the microfluidic channels from static paper. The SSADA decorrelation value was approximately linear with blood flow velocity up to a threshold Vsat of 5.83±1.33 mm/s (mean±standard deviation over the range of channel widths). Beyond this threshold, it approached a saturation value Dsat. Dsat was higher for wider channels, and approached a maximum value Dsm as the channel width became much larger than the beam focal spot diameter. These results indicate that decorrelation values (flow signal) in capillary networks would be proportional to both flow velocity and vessel caliber but would be capped at a saturation value in larger blood vessels. These findings are useful for interpretation and quantification of clinical OCT angiography results.
Development of TRIP-aided Cold Rolled Steel Sheets with the Excellent Stretch-flange Formability (2004)

To develop the TRIP-aided cold rolled steel sheet with excellent stretch-flange formability, cold rolling of 0-50% was employed on the hot bands having martensite or ferrite-martensite microstrure, followed by intercritical annealing and austemper treatment. When hot band of martensite microstructure was subjected to cold rolling up to 20% and subsequent heat-treatment, the cold rolled steel sheet has relatively high stretch-flange formability. This may be caused by the uniform fine microstructure composing of annealed martensite lath matrix and interlath retained austenite. If hot band of ferrite-martensite-microstructure with 60 vol% ferrite was subjected to cold rolling up to 20% and subsequent heat-treatment, the TRIP-aided cold rolled steel sheet achieved higher stretch-flange formability than that of martensite microstructure. In this case, the ferrite phase is considered to suppress the plastic deformation of martensite and prevent martensite lath sub-structure vanishing during cold rolling. Then finally the microstructure containing the fine uniform matrix and filmy lath-like retained austenite obtains after annealing.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Heterocyclic Catechol Mimics as Inhibitors of Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) (2015)

3-Hydroxy-4-pyridinones and 5-hydroxy-4-pyrimidinones were identified as inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in a high-throughput screen. These heterocyclic catechol mimics exhibit potent inhibition of the enzyme and an improved toxicity profile versus the marketed nitrocatechol inhibitors tolcapone and entacapone. Optimization of the series was aided by X-ray cocrystal structures of the novel inhibitors in complex with COMT and cofactors SAM and Mg(2+). The crystal structures suggest a mechanism of inhibition for these heterocyclic inhibitors distinct from previously disclosed COMT inhibitors.
Equi-Visibility Lighting Control Principles (1980)

A mathematical technique is developed suitable for a microprocessor based equi-visibility lighting control system. Experiments were conducted to determine sensor placement, configuration, and correlation to luminous quantities. Tests were conducted on fluorescent dimming hardware to determine operating characteristics. From this research it was possible to simulate the operation of an equi-visibility control system and compare the energy savings to on-off, high-low-off, and equi-illumination systems.
The therapeutic potential of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells on hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are more often obtained from adult and extraembryonic tissues, with the latter sources being likely better from a therapeutic perspective. MSCs show tropism towards inflamed or tumourigenic sites. Mechanisms involved in MSC recruitment into tumours are comprehensively analysed, including chemoattractant signalling axes, endothelial adhesion and transmigration. In addition, signals derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour microenvironment and their influence in MSC tropism and tumour recruitment are dissected, as well as the present controversy regarding their influence on tumour growth and/or metastasis. Finally, evidences available on the use of MSCs and other selected progenitor/stem cells as vehicles of antitumourigenic genes are discussed. A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in progenitor/stem cell recruitment to HCC tumours is proposed in order to enhance their tumour targeting which may result in improvements in cell-based gene therapy strategies.
Dyeing behavior prediction of cotton fabrics in supercritical CO2 (2017)

This paper aims at establishing a model predicting the dyeing behavior of cotton fabrics in supercritical CO2 by using the multiple linear regression, where dyeing temperature, dyeing pressure, dyeing period, and dye concentration are selected as independent variables. The theoretical prediction shows good accuracy for color strength value and breaking strength of the dyed cotton fabrics.
Multipronged approach for engineering novel peptide analogues of existing lantibiotics (2015)

Synthesis of lantibiotics with enhanced activities will lead to the discovery of new promising drug candidates that will have a long lasting impact on the treatment of Gram-positive infections. The current body of literature for producing structural variants of lantibiotics has been more of a 'proof-of-principle' approach and the application of these methods has not yet been fully utilized.
Stabilization of Glucagon by Trehalose Glycopolymer Nanogels (2018)

Abstract Glucagon is a peptide hormone used for the treatment of hypoglycemia; however, its clinical potential is limited by its insolubility and instability in solution. Herein, the encapsulation, stabilization, and release of glucagon by trehalose glycopolymer nanogels are reported. Methacrylate‐functionalized trehalose is copolymerized with pyridyl disulfide ethyl methacrylate using free radical polymerization conditions to form trehalose glycopolymers with thiol‐reactive handles. Glucagon is chemically modified to contain two thiol groups and is subsequently utilized as the cross‐linker to form redox‐responsive trehalose nanogels with greater than 80% conjugation yield. Nanogel formation and subsequent glucagon stabilization are characterized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. It is determined that the solution stability of the glucagon increased from less than 24 h to at least three weeks in the nanogel form. Additionally, in vitro activity of the synthesized glucagon analog and released glucagon is investigated, demonstrating that the glucagon remains active after modification. It is anticipated that these glucagon–nanogel conjugates will be useful as a stabilizing glucagon formulation, allowing for cargo release under mild reducing conditions.
High-Throughput Profiling of Protein N-Glycosylation by MALDI-TOF-MS Employing Linkage-Specific Sialic Acid Esterification (2014)

Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification associated, among others, with diseases and the efficacy of biopharmaceuticals. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-fight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) can be performed to study glycosylation in a high-throughput manner, but is hampered by the instability and ionization bias experienced by sialylated glycan species. Stabilization and neutralization of these sialic acids can be achieved by permethylation or by specific carboxyl group derivatization with the possibility of discrimination between α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids. However, these methods typically require relatively pure glycan samples, show sensitivity to side reactions, and need harsh conditions or long reaction times. We established a rapid, robust and linkage-specific high-throughput method for sialic acid stabilization and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, to allow direct modification of impure glycan-containing mixtures such as PNGase F-released human plasma N-glycome. Using a combination of carboxylic acid activators in ethanol achieved near-complete ethyl esterification of α2,6-linked sialic acids and lactonization of α2,3-linked variants, in short time using mild conditions. Glycans were recovered by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography solid phase extraction and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS in reflectron positive mode with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix substance. Analysis of the human plasma N-glycome allowed high-throughput detection and relative quantitation of more than 100 distinct N-glycan compositions with varying sialic acid linkages.
Synthesis and evaluation of 5,6-disubstituted thiopyrimidine aryl aminothiazoles as inhibitors of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A/Ano1 (2016)

Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), also called Ano1, is a Ca(2+) activated Cl(-) channel expressed widely in mammalian epithelia, as well as in vascular smooth muscle and some tumors and electrically excitable cells. TMEM16A inhibitors have potential utility for treatment of disorders of epithelial fluid and mucus secretion, hypertension, some cancers and other diseases. 4-Aryl-2-amino thiazole T16Ainh-01 was previously identified by high-throughput screening. Here, a library of 47 compounds were prepared that explored the 5,6-disubstituted pyrimidine scaffold found in T16Ainh-01. TMEM16A inhibition activity was measured using fluorescence plate reader and short-circuit current assays. We found that very little structural variation of T16Ainh-01 was tolerated, with most compounds showing no activity at 10 μM. The most potent compound in the series, 9bo, which substitutes 4-methoxyphenyl in T16Ainh-01 with 2-thiophene, had IC50 ∼1 μM for inhibition of TMEM16A chloride conductance.
Cardiac deformation analysis using 3D SinMod from 3D CSPAMM tagged MRI (2013)

Magnetic resonance tagging techniques have been widely used for measuring cardiac motion. We propose a novel 3D sine wave modeling (3D SinMod) approach to automatic analysis of cardiac deformations. An accelerated 3D complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (CSPAMM) tagging technique1 was used to modulate the myocardial tissue and to acquire 3D MR data sets of the whole-heart including three orthogonal tags within three breath-holds. Each tag set is able to assess the motion along a direction perpendicular to the tag lines. With the application of CSPAMM, the effect of tag fading due to T<sub>1</sub> relaxation is mitigated and tag deformations can be visualized for the entire cardiac cycle, including diastolic phases. In the proposed approach, the environment around each voxel in the 3D volume is modeled as a moving sine wavefront with local frequency and amplitude. The entire framework, from data acquisition to data analysis is in 3D domain, which permits quantification of both the in-plane and through-plane motion components. The accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated using both simulated and in vivo data.
Enaminone Amides as Novel Orally Active GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptor Modulators (2007)

A series of enaminone esters and amides have been developed as potent allosteric modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors. The compounds bind to a novel modulatory site that is independent of the benzodiazepine (BZ), isosteric GABA, and neuroactive steroid binding sites. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies resulted in the synthesis of the c-Bu amide 16h with an in vitro potency of 7 nM based on inhibition of [35S]TBPS binding. The activity of the enaminones as positive allosteric modulators was confirmed with electrophysiological measurements in oocytes expressing alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptors. The i-Pr, s-Bu, c-Pr, and c-Bu amides (16e-h) were orally active in mice with profound central nervous system depressant effects. The i-Pr amide 16e was an orally active anxiolytic in the mouse light-dark paradigm.
On the design of space-time codes (2003)

The design of space-time codes to achieve full spatial diversity over fading channels has largely been addressed by handcrafting example codes using computer search methods and only for small numbers of antennas. The lack of more general designs is in part due to the fact that the diversity advantage of a code is the minimum rank among the complex baseband differences between modulated code words, which is difficult to relate to traditional code designs over finite fields and rings. In this paper, we present general binary design criteria for PSK-modulated space-time codes. For linear BPSK/QPSK codes, the rank of (binary projections of) the unmodulated code words, as binary matrices over the binary field, is a sufficient design criterion: full binary rank guarantees full spatial diversity. This criterion accounts for much of what is currently known about PSK-modulated space-time codes. We develop new fundamental code constructions for both quasi-static and time-varying channels. These are perhaps the first general constructions-other than delay diversity schemes-that guarantee full spatial diversity for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas.
Gate Bias Modulation for Doherty Power Amplifier (2018)

In this paper we demonstrate performance enhancements of peak power and efficiency of a Doherty amplifier through the application of Gate Bias Modulation (GBM) of the peaking amplifier. To prove out the architecture, a symmetrical Doherty amplifier has been designed around two NXP LDMOS power transistors targeting frequencies from 2110 MHz to 2170 MHz. Measured performance indicates that GBM offers more than a 1 dB increase in peak power while also improving efficiency by 3 percentage points. Further, we show that a GBM Doherty amplifier can be linearized using Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD) to achieve better than 52 dB adjacent channel power ratio when amplifying a three carrier -long term evolution (LTE) signal.
Capture Point: A Step toward Humanoid Push Recovery (2006)

It is known that for a large magnitude push a human or a humanoid robot must take a step to avoid a fall. Despite some scattered results, a principled approach towards "when and where to take a step" has not yet emerged. Towards this goal, we present methods for computing capture points and the capture region, the region on the ground where a humanoid must step to in order to come to a complete stop. The intersection between the capture region and the base of support determines which strategy the robot should adopt to successfully stop in a given situation. Computing the capture region for a humanoid, in general, is very difficult. However, with simple models of walking, computation of the capture region is simplified. We extend the well-known linear inverted pendulum model to include a flywheel body and show how to compute exact solutions of the capture region for this model. Adding rotational inertia enables the humanoid to control its centroidal angular momentum, much like the way human beings do, significantly enlarging the capture region. We present simulations of a simple planar biped that can recover balance after a push by stepping to the capture region and using internal angular momentum. Ongoing work involves applying the solution from the simple model as an approximate solution to more complex simulations of bipedal walking, including a 3D biped with distributed mass.
Synthesis of <scp>L</scp>-Ascorbic Acid (1982)

The methods by which L-ascorbic acid has been synthesized are readily divided into three major categories. The first involves coupling a C1 fragment and a C5 fragment, and the second involves coupling a C2 fragment and a C4 fragment. The third involves the conversion of a C6 chain into the correct oxidation state and stereochemical configuration. All of these approaches will be reviewed with special regard given to those syntheses that are suitable for the preparation of analogues of L-ascorbic acid, the preparation of radiolabeled derivatives of L-ascorbic acid, and the current commercial synthesis of L-ascorbic acid.
Active Torque Control for Gearbox Load Reduction in a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine (2012)

With the advent of power electronics, the size, weight, and cost of power converters have been drastically reduced while efficiency is improved. The use of variable-speed wind power generators has seen considerable growth. The use of gearboxes in the wind turbines allows for smaller size, lower weight, and higher speed generators. However, gearboxes have shown to be one of the least reliable components of the wind turbines. In this paper, we propose a method that can extend the life and reliability of wind turbine gearboxes by reducing the mechanical stress on gearbox components. Reduction of mechanical stress is achieved by the generator torque control that minimizes resonant torsional vibrations within a drivetrain caused by variations in wind velocity. A detailed model for the drivetrain of a 750-kW wind turbine, including a gearbox is presented. Experimental results are used to calculate the parameters of the gearbox. A controller is designed to adjust the generator torque at the end of the drivetrain to remove the unwanted and damaging torque variations from the drivetrain. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High-Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor Laser (2006)

We describe high-brightness, broad-area mid-IR semiconductor lasers. These devices were fabricated in our laboratory using a commercial solid-source MBE system, configured specifically for antimonide alloy deposition. The laser structures incorporated fourteen type-II quantum wells embedded in thick waveguide/absorber regions composed of In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> As <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-y </sub> . Each type-II well is comprised of a ~24 Aring thick In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4 </sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.6</sub> Sb hole bearing layer, which is sandwiched in between two coupled InAs electron wells; as we vary the InAs thickness from 3 to 30 Aring we tune the laser from 2.5 μm to 9.5 μm
High sensitivity EndoV mutation scanning through real-time ligase proofreading (2004)

The ability to associate mutations in cancer genes with the disease and its subtypes is critical for understanding oncogenesis and identifying biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. A two-step mutation scanning method that sequentially used endonuclease V (EndoV) to nick at mismatches and DNA ligase to reseal incorrectly or nonspecifically nicked sites was previously developed in our laboratory. Herein we report an optimized single-step assay that enables ligase to proofread EndoV cleavage in real-time under a compromise between buffer conditions. Real-time proofreading results in a dramatic reduction of background cleavage. A universal PCR strategy that employs both unlabeled gene-specific primers and labeled universal primers, allows for multiplexed gene amplification and precludes amplification of primer dimers. Internally labeled PCR primers eliminate EndoV cleavage at the 5' terminus, enabling high-throughput capillary electrophoresis readout. Furthermore, signal intensity is increased and artifacts are reduced by generating heteroduplexes containing only one of the two possible mismatches (e.g. either A/C or G/T). The single-step assay improves sensitivity to 1:50 and 1:100 (mutant:wild type) for unknown mutations in the p53 and K-ras genes, respectively, opening prospects as an early detection tool.
Anti-ulcerative colitis activity of Calotropis procera Linn. (2017)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcerative colitis activity of <i>Calotropis procera</i>. Different extracts of the investigated plant were evaluated; total alcohol extract, polar extract and non-polar extract. All the investigated extracts at doses 200 &400 mg/kg possessed a dose-dependent anti-ulcerative colitis potential when administrated for 5 consecutive days after colitis induction by acetic acid in rats. They reduced different parameters of UC. Only polar extract at both doses (200, 400 mg/kg) was more effective than the standard drug Prednisolone (50 mg/kg), it produced percent protection of control colitis by 63.8% and78.4% respectively, while the standard drug Prednisolone produced 54.9% protection. The anti-ulcerative colitis activity may be attributed to the active principles i.e. flavonoids. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the plant contains flavonoids, unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenoides, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates or glycosides, proteins and/or amino acids, tannins and coumarins. The total alcohol extract was safe up to 4000 mg/kg and there were no side effects reported on liver and kidney functions.