gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Performance Analysis of a New Soft Handoff Scheme for CDMA Cellular Systems (2006)

In this paper, a new soft handoff scheme for CDMA cellular systems is proposed and investigated. It is pointed out that some handoff calls unnecessarily occupy multiple channels with little contribution to the performance of handoffs in IS95/CDMA2000-based handoff schemes or systems. To alleviate performance degradation due to channel resource shortage during soft handoff, a new concept of channel convertible set (CCS), which contains several types of handoff calls that unnecessarily occupy extra channels by considering the relative mobility of the calls in the handoff area is introduced. A new scheme that reallocates those extra channels in the CCS to new handoff calls when there is no available free channel in the system is proposed. Furthermore, according to the variation of the CCS, the proposed scheme dynamically adjusts the number of guard channels reserved exclusively for handoff. Then, the feasibility and implementation issues of the proposed scheme are discussed. To evaluate and compare performance indexes of different soft handoff schemes, continuous-time Markov chain models are constructed. Automated generation and solution of the underlying Markov chains are facilitated by stochastic reward net models, which are specified and solved by stochastic Petri net package. Numerical results show that this scheme can significantly decrease both the number of dropped handoff calls and the number of blocked calls without degrading the quality of communication service and the soft handoff process.
Improving traveling-wave RF fields inside magnetic resonance imaging bores by incorporating dielectric loadings (2015)

The next-generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems at ultra-high static magnetic fields (magnetic flux densities), B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> > 3 T, and ultra-high Larmor frequencies, ƒ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> > 127.8 MHz, utilize RF excitation magnetic fields, B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> , in the form of traveling waves (TWs) in the MRI bore. Hence, the images of subjects are generated and received by far-field coils, namely, by excitation probes that essentially operate as antennas, in place of the traditional quasi-static, near-field RF coils used in 3-T clinical MRI scanners (e.g., birdcage coils). When compared to traditional, quasi-static, MRI systems, TW MRI systems can provide more homogeneous B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> field distribution, better signal-to-noise ratio, larger field of view, more comfort for patients, etc. Moreover, it is possible to potentially benefit from the advantages of TW concepts also at relatively lower (but still considered high) field strengths (e.g., B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> = 3 T; ƒ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> = 127.8 MHz), in order to address challenges and enable substantial improvements of current clinical MRI scanners at 3 T.
A region based descriptor for spatial distribution of motion activity for compressed video (2000)

In this paper we present a new descriptor for the spatial distribution of motion activity in video sequences. We construct a histogram of areas of distinct regions (or "blobs") of "motion active" regions over the entire video shot. We carry out another thresholding process on the histogram to get our descriptor, which is a histogram normalized with respect to the average size of the blobs, and thus normalized with respect to frame size. We get similar precision-recall performance to the spatial activity descriptor in the current MPEG-7 experimental model. We are also able to successfully capture the effects of camera motion as well as the effects of non-camera motion in distinct uncorrelated parts of our descriptor. Since the feature extraction is in the compressed domain and simple, it is extremely fast. We find that our descriptor enables fast and accurate indexing of video.
Contractile three‐dimensional bioengineered heart muscle for myocardial regeneration (2006)

Tissue engineered heart muscle may be able to provide a treatment modality for early stage congestive heart failure. In this study, we describe a new method to engineer functional 3-dimensional heart muscle utilizing a biodegradable fibrin gel. Primary cardiac myocytes were isolated from hearts of 2- to 3-day-old rats and processed in one of the two ways. For the first method (layering approach), the cells were plated directly on the surface of a fibrin gel-coated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. The cells were cultured in growth media and the contractile performance evaluated after formation of 3-dimensional tissue constructs. For the second method (embedding approach), the cells were suspended with thrombin and plated on 35 mm tissue culture surfaces coated with PDMS. Fibrinogen was then added to the surface. Within 7 days after initial cell plating, a 3-dimensional tissue construct of cells derived from primary heart tissue (termed bioengineered heart muscle, BEHM) resulted for both approaches. Histological evaluation showed the presence of uniformly distributed cardiac cells throughout the BEHM, both in longitudinal and cross sections. The stimulated active force of BEHMs formed using the layering approach was 835.5 +/- 57.2 muN (N = 6) and 145.3 +/- 44.9 muN (N = 6) using the embedding approach. The stimulated active force was dependent on the initial plating density. It was possible to maintain the contractile function of BEHM in culture for up to 2 months with daily medium changes. The BEHMs exhibited inotropy in response to external calcium and isoproterenol and could be electrically paced at frequencies of 1-7 Hz. We describe a novel method to engineer contractile 3-dimensional cardiac tissue construct with a fourfold increase specific force compared to our previous model.
Multi-Path Link Embedding for Survivability in Virtual Networks (2016)

Internet applications are deployed on the same network infrastructure, yet they have diverse performance and functional requirements. The Internet was not originally designed to support the diversity of current applications. Network virtualization enables heterogeneous applications and network architectures to coexist without interference on the same infrastructure. Embedding a virtual network (VN) into a physical network is a fundamental problem in network virtualization. A VN embedding that aims to survive physical (e.g., link) failures is known as the survivable VN embedding (SVNE). A key challenge in the SVNE problem is to ensure VN survivability with minimal resource redundancy. To address this challenge, we propose survivability in multi-path link embedding (SiMPLE). By exploiting path diversity in the physical network, SiMPLE provides guaranteed VN survivability against single link failure while incurring minimal resource redundancy. In case of multiple arbitrary link failures, SiMPLE provides maximal survivability to the VNs. We formulate this problem as an integer linear program and implement it using GNU linear programming kit. We propose a greedy proactive approach to solve larger instances of the problem in case of single link failures. In presence of more than one link failures, we propose a greedy reactive algorithm as an extension to the previous one, which opportunistically recovers the lost bandwidth in the VNs. Simulation results show that SiMPLE outperforms full backup and shared backup schemes for SVNE, and produces near-optimal results.
De Novo Design of a Novel Oxazolidinone Analogue as a Potent and Selective α<sub>1A</sub> Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist with High Oral Bioavailability (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTDe Novo Design of a Novel Oxazolidinone Analogue as a Potent and Selective α1A Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist with High Oral BioavailabilityBharat Lagu, Dake Tian, Yoon Jeon, Chao Li, John M. Wetzel, Dhanapalan Nagarathnam, Quanrong Shen, Carlos Forray, Raymond S. L. Chang, Theodore P. Broten, Richard W. Ransom, Tsing-Bao Chan, Stacey S. O'Malley, Terry W. Schorn, A. David Rodrigues, Kelem Kassahun, Douglas J. Pettibone, Roger Freidinger, and Charles GluchowskiView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 15, 2775–2778Publication Date (Web):July 7, 2000Publication History Received25 February 2000Published online7 July 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm000085ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm000085erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views595Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Antagonists,Receptors,Rodent models,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Scatterometry-based overlay metrology (2003)

Scatterometry provides a new, vibration-tolerant technique of overlay metrology. Gauge repeatability and reproducibility is improved by an order of magnitude over imaging-based overlay metrology. To measure the overlay of patterned layers A and B by scatterometry, one line grating is placed in layer A and another in layer B. The two gratings overlap when they are viewed in the direction that is normal to the wafer. The line gratings in layers a and b are of equal pitch and their lines are parallel. In one method, overlay is measured by fitting the optical properties of the target with spectra calculated using a model of the target and rigorous coupled wave analysis. A faster and simpler method obtains overlay by applying a linear estimator to a difference of spectra. Optical properties of targets were measured by a normal incidence spectroscopic reflectometer. Test wafers representing three overlay applications were fabricated: contact mask to shallow-trench, first metal mask to contact, and gate-mask to shallow-trench. Overlay measured by scatterometry agree with imaging-based measurements and offsets intentionally written to the reticle.
Generation of terahertz radiation using electro-optic crystal mosaics (1995)

We describe the generation of terahertz radiation by optical rectification in an electro-optic crystal mosaic. The mosaic is constructed from four single crystals of the organic salt dimethyl amino 4-N-methylstilbazolium tosylate and is approximately 1 cm2 in area. We characterize both the optical rectification efficiency and the spatial and temporal profiles of the generated terahertz beam, and find that the mosaic performs as well as a single crystal.
Frame synchronization in a photonic network of time multiplexed space switches via a feedback scheme (1990)

A method for frame synchronization in a photonic network of time multiplexed space switches is presented. The method, which is based on a feedback scheme, is first introduced for frame synchronization in a single-switch configuration. The feedback scheme is then extended to both hierarchical (tree topology) and nonhierarchical (general topology) multiswitch configurations. Using this feedback scheme has the advantage of providing a mechanism for frame synchronization to be achieved initially, without the need for accurate transmission time measurements, and allowing synchronization to be maintained within very tight bounds. The methods presented require additional electronics at the switches, but electronics only for control purposes, not in the path of the information bits. However, optical delay elements are needed in the path of information bits on some links of the network. The proposed schemes also reduce the amount of synchronization equipment needed, compared to other methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Register file circuits and post-deployment framework to monitor aging effects in field (2016)

This paper presents novel 6-T SRAM register file (RF) circuits and in-field framework for managing chip's lifetime after deployment. Our proposed RF circuits can in-situ sense threshold voltages (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) of all six transistors of every bitcell in an RF robustly against temperature variations. This allows us (1) to monitor aging effects of both NMOS and PMOS such as negative and positive bias temperature instabilities (NBTI, PBTI) and (2) to monitor those in the post deployment condition where environmental parameters, notably temperature, cannot be easily controlled. Using these sensed V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> 's, our proposed post-deployment framework can estimate critical circuit-level parameters of an RF such as data retention voltage (DRV) and read access time (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ACC</sub> ). After chip's deployment, our proposed sensing circuits and framework can be periodically (e.g., every month) exercised to diagnose the reliability of an RF through chip's lifetime. We can use the results of the diagnosis to potentially trigger countermeasures. The area overhead of adding our proposed sensing capability to a 32×32b RF is 8.5%.
Electronic planar laminography (2003)

This paper describes an X-ray imaging architecture, called electronic planar laminography, that utilizes a time delay and integration (TDI) detector to provide laminographic cross-sectional images without recourse to a mechanically moving scintillator. Advantages in system performance and reduced complexity may be achieved in comparison with current scanned-beam laminographic systems. The architecture additionally allows for both two-dimensional radiography and digital reconstruction techniques. Any practical system design must make a number of trade-offs, such as between resolution and throughput. These trade-offs are elucidated through consideration of different design examples.
Electrically modulated magnetoelectric sensors (2016)

Magnetoelectric thin film composites have demonstrated their potential to detect sub-pT magnetic fields if mechanical resonances (typically few hundred Hz to a few kHz) are utilized. At low frequencies (1–100 Hz), magnetic field-induced frequency conversion has enabled wideband measurements with resonance-enhanced sensitivities by using the nonlinear characteristics of the magnetostriction curve. Nevertheless, the modulation with a magnetic field with a frequency close to the mechanical resonance results in a number of drawbacks, which are, e.g., size and energy consumption of the sensor as well as potential crosstalk in sensor arrays. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of an electric frequency conversion of a magnetoelectric sensor which would overcome the drawbacks of magnetic frequency conversion. This magnetoelectric sensor consists of three functional layers: an exchange biased magnetostrictive multilayer showing a high piezomagnetic coefficient without applying a magnetic bias field, a non-linear piezoelectric actuation layer and a linear piezoelectric sensing layer. In this approach, the low frequency magnetic signal is shifted into the mechanical resonance of the sensor, while the electric modulation frequency is chosen to be either the difference or the sum of the resonance and the signal frequency. Using this electric frequency conversion, a limit of detection in the low nT/Hz1/2 range was shown for signals of low frequency.
Frame rate up-conversion in cardiac ultrasound (2020)

The temporal resolution of echocardiographic sequences affects the interpretation of cardiac motion as well as the viewing experience. Temporal resolution, however, is limited by the propagation velocity of sound in tissue. Altering the acquisition system can improve temporal resolution but normally reduces image quality. Alternatively, motion compensated frame interpolation enhances perceived temporal resolution without reducing spatial resolution. There are however significant challenges with these techniques due to the simultaneous presence of large and small motions of the cardiac structures. In this paper, we propose a new motion compensated frame interpolation algorithm based on a variational bidirectional motion estimation model. We derive the Euler-Lagrange equations characterizing the optimal dense bidirectional motion field and develop a multiscale iterative procedure to obtain the motion field and the missing intermediate frames. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated on real cardiac ultrasound recordings, using both subjective and objective evaluation criteria. Experimental results show that the interpolated frames generated by the proposed algorithm do not have the ghosting or blurring artifacts that are commonly present in the existing motion compensated frame interpolation algorithms, especially near fast moving structures like the cardiac valves. Quantitatively, the proposed algorithm achieves an improvement in the average peak signal-to-noise ratio of 1.16 dB and in the structural similarity index of 3.0%.
Development of Optical Fiber Probes for Biological Raman Spectroscopy (2002)

Raman spectroscopy has great potential for in vivo disease diagnosis. However, due to large optical fiber background, the diffusive nature of tissue and weak Raman cross-sections, careful optical design methods, including modeling, must be used to obtain useful information. We will discuss our methods and show preliminary results from this approach.
Learning to recognize Abnormalities in Chest X-Rays with Location-Aware Dense Networks (2018)

Chest X-ray is the most common medical imaging exam used to assess multiple pathologies. Automated algorithms and tools have the potential to support the reading workflow, improve efficiency, and reduce reading errors. With the availability of large scale data sets, several methods have been proposed to classify pathologies on chest X-ray images. However, most methods report performance based on random image based splitting, ignoring the high probability of the same patient appearing in both training and test set. In addition, most methods fail to explicitly incorporate the spatial information of abnormalities or utilize the high resolution images. We propose a novel approach based on location aware Dense Networks (DNetLoc), whereby we incorporate both high-resolution image data and spatial information for abnormality classification. We evaluate our method on the largest data set reported in the community, containing a total of 86,876 patients and 297,541 chest X-ray images. We achieve (i) the best average AUC score for published training and test splits on the single benchmarking data set (ChestX-Ray14), and (ii) improved AUC scores when the pathology location information is explicitly used. To foster future research we demonstrate the limitations of the current benchmarking setup and provide new reference patient-wise splits for the used data sets. This could support consistent and meaningful benchmarking of future methods on the largest publicly available data sets.
Proposed system design for a 20 kW pulsed electrothermal thruster (1984)

A conceptual design is presented for a Pulsed Electrothermal (PET) propulsion system for the Air Force Space Based Radar satellite, which has a mass of 7000 kg. The proposed system boosts the SBR satellite from 150 n.m. to 600 n.m. with a 4 deg plane change, for a total mission Delta v of 1 km/sec. Satellite power available is 50 kW, and 45 kW are used to drive two water-injected 20 kW PET thrusters, delivering 5.6 N thrust to the SBR at 1000 seconds specific impulse. The predicted mission trip time is 15 days. The proposed system consumes 850 kg of water propellant, stored in a central tank and injected with pressurized helium. Component mass estimates based on space-qualified hardware are presented for the propellant handling, power conditioning and thruster subsystems. The estimated total mass is 400 kg and the propulsion system specific mass is alpha = 10 kg/kW. The proposed system efficiency of 0.62 at 1000 seconds specific impulse is supported by experimental performance measurements.
Remotely Powered Reconfigurable Receiver for Extreme Environment Sensing Platforms (2012)

Wireless sensors connected in a local network offer revolutionary exploration capabilities, but the current solutions do not work in extreme environments of low temperatures (200K) and low to moderate radiation levels (<50 krad). These sensors (temperature, radiation, infrared, etc.) would need to operate outside the spacecraft/ lander and be totally independent of power from the spacecraft/lander. Flash memory field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are being used as the main signal processing and protocol generation platform in a new receiver. Flash-based FPGAs have been shown to have at least 100 reduced standby power and 10 reduction operating power when compared to normal SRAM-based FPGA technology.
<i>In Vivo</i> Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Tissue Reaction to Microelectrode Arrays (2009)

The goal of this experiment was to determine the electrical properties of the tissue reaction to implanted microelectrode arrays. We describe a new method of analyzing electrical impedance spectroscopy data to determine the complex impedance of the tissue reaction as a function of postimplantation time. A model is used to extract electrical model parameters of the electrode-tissue interface, and is used to isolate the impedance of the tissue immediately surrounding the microelectrode. The microelectrode arrays consist of microfabricated polyimide probes, incorporating four 50- mum-diameter platinum microelectrodes. The devices were implanted in the primary motor cortex of adult rats, and measurements were performed for 12 weeks. Histology was performed on implants at three time points in one month. Results demonstrate that the tissue reaction causes a rapid increase in bioimpedance over the first 20 days, and then stabilizes. This result is supported by histological data.