gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha‐5 and ‐3 nicotinic receptor gene variants predict nicotine dependence but not cessation: Findings from the COMMIT cohort (2012)

Smoking many cigarettes per day (CPD) and short interval to first cigarette (TTF) after waking are two of the most heritable smoking phenotypes and comprise the Heavy Smoking Index (HSI). These phenotypes are often used as proxies for nicotine dependence (ND) and are associated with smoking cessation outcomes. Case-control and genome-wide association studies have reported links between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alpha-5 and -3 nicotinic receptor subunit (CHRNA5 and CHRNA3) genes and CPD but few have examined TTF or cessation outcomes. In this study we longitudinally assessed 1301 European-American smokers at four time-points from 1988 to 2005. One CHRNA5 (rs16969968) and two CHRNA3 (rs1051703, rs6495308) SNPs were examined for their ability to predict smokers who "ever" reported ND based on three phenotypic classifications: (1) 25+ CPD, (2) TTF < 10 min, and (3) HSI ≥ 4. In a subsample of 1157 quit attempters, we also examined each SNP's ability to predict "ever" quitting for a period of >6 months. Demographically adjusted logistic regressions showed significant allelic and genotypic associations between all three SNPs and CPD but not TTF, HSI, or smoking cessation. Carriers of both the rs16969968-AA and rs6495308-TT genotypes had approximately twofold greater odds for ND defined using CPD or TTF. Results suggest nicotinic receptor variants are associated with greater odds of ND according to CPD and to a lesser extent TTF. Research examining the effect of nicotinic receptor genetic variation on ND phenotypes beyond CPD is warranted.
Inclusion of Whisker Spray Drag in Performance Prediction Method for High-Speed Planing Hulls (2007)

The planing hull performance prediction method published by Savitsky in the October 1964 issue of SNAME's Marine Technology included only the viscous drag and pressure drag components in the bottom area aft of the stagnation line. While discussing the existence of an additional component of viscous drag in the whisker spray region forward of the stagnation line, a method to quantify this drag component was not developed in Savitsky (1964). Earlier studies by Savitsky and Ross (1952) and Savitsky and Neidinger (1954) discuss the potential whisker spray drag component but do not present a complete analytical derivation of its magnitude nor verification of the results by comparison with experimental data. The present study fills this void by developing a method for quantifying the whisker spray contribution to total hull resistance as a function of deadrise angle, trim angle, and speed, and incorporating the results into the SNAME published hull performance prediction method. The analytical results are compared with data from model tests conducted at three separate towing tank facilities and show fairly good agreement with these data. It is shown that for high-speed planing hulls, the whisker spray drag component can be as much as 15% of the total drag. In addition, (1) procedures are provided for the proper location, size, and geometry of spray strips to deflect the whisker spray away from the hull bottom; (2) the aerodynamic drag of the hull cross-sectional area above the waterline is also quantified and included in the final performance prediction method; and (3) the equilibrium trim angle identified in the prediction program (for prismatic hull forms) is, for nonprismatic hulls, related to the trim angle of the v4 buttock line (relative to the level water surface) when measured at the forward edge of the mean wetted length.
A ring laser gyro based navigator for space launch vehicle guidance (2003)

The existing guidance and navigation system for the Centaur upper stage launch vehicle is being replaced with a single-package inertial navigation unit (INU) that includes updated electronics and inertial sensors in a strapped-down mechanization. The INU was adapted from an existing system based on a ring laser gyro (RLG) that was selected for its performance and adaptability to the space application. Adaptations were required to accommodate: space launch requirements, including qualification in accordance with MIL-STD-1540B; mission accuracies/performance requirements; and vehicle requirements. The adapted RLG INU features a proven electronic design, a single package (which includes inertial measurement and flight control subsystems), a large inertial sensor production base, and existing test facilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DATA TRANSACTION HIGHWAYS (1990)

Unisys ‘data transaction highway’ process flow was first presented to the Council of Logistics Management at its 1988 conference. This article will identify some specific developments that have occurred over the past year.
2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2019)

These new classification criteria were developed using rigorous methodology with multidisciplinary and international input, and have excellent sensitivity and specificity. Use of ANA entry criterion, hierarchically clustered, and weighted criteria reflects current thinking about SLE and provides an improved foundation for SLE research.
Clara cell protein in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (1992)

The 10 kDa Clara cell protein was measured in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 39 healthy subjects (14 smokers, 25 nonsmokers) and from 41 patients with respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sarcoidosis, lung cancer). Clara cell protein appears as one of the most abundant respiratory tract derived proteins, with values averaging 7% of the total protein content of lung lavages from healthy nonsmokers. A significant reduction of Clara cell protein was found in BAL from smokers and patients with COPD or lung cancer. The same pattern of change was found in the concentrations of Clara cell protein in serum. Pulmonary sarcoidosis did not affect absolute values of Clara cell protein in lung lavages but was associated with elevated levels in serum. Changes in lung lavage Clara cell protein differed from that of albumin, beta 2-microglobulin or the secretory component, since the latter were unaffected by smoking or COPD but increased in sarcoidosis and lung cancer. These results indicate that Clara cell protein in BAL or serum might serve as a sensitive indicator of nonciliated bronchial cell dysfunction.
Substituent Effects on Competitive Release of Phenols and 1,3-Rearrangement in α-Keto Amide Photochemistry (2004)

[reaction: see text] Photolysis of alpha-keto amides bearing 4-YC(6)H(4)O leaving groups at the position alpha to the keto group efficiently produces high yields of phenols when Y is an electron-withdrawing group or H. The photoelimination likely involves cleavage of zwitterionic intermediates produced via excited-state hydrogen transfer. When Y is an electron-donating group, competing excited-state ArO-C(alpha) bond scission to radicals occurs, followed by recombination to give 1,3-photorearrangment products.
High-efficiency stimulated Brillouin scattering of KrF laser radiation in SF_6 (1984)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering of KrF laser radiation focused in SF(6) gas at pressures of 1.4 to 9.8 atm has been studied experimentally. For an input linewidth of 0.08 cm(-1) and focal lengths of 1 and 2 m, reflectivities of 80% have been measured. Pulse compression up to peak intensities of two times the pump intensity has been achieved in a pulse that is partially phase conjugate to the pump pulse. At high pressures a short backward Raman spike was observed preceding the Brillouin backscattered signal.
Enhancement of Well Production in the SCOOP Woodford Shale through the Application of Microproppant (2017)

Abstract This paper presents the incorporation of microproppant (MP) in stimulation treatment designs in the liquids-rich South Central Oklahoma Oil Province (SCOOP) Woodford and its effects on well production. When MP is used, it can enter secondary fractures that are too narrow and restricted for even conventional small proppant, such as 100-mesh sand, to enter and prop them open during production. Descriptions of the MP, area formation, numerical modeling, production results, and offset comparisons are presented. In unconventional formations, communication between the secondary fracture network, which includes natural fractures and secondary fractures propagated during stimulation, and the wellbore is crucial for improved well production. Perhaps the most difficult objective to accomplish when treating unconventional formations is not just enhancing the number of secondary fractures opened, but increasing the number of those secondary fractures that remain open over a long period of time. During stimulation treatments, MP is pumped during the initial pad stages so it can enter the secondary fractures that are propagated, and keep them open when pressure on the formation is relieved during production. An analysis of treatments conducted within the Woodford play, and associated numerical modeling, demonstrated the presence of pressure dependent leakoff (PDL), low stress anisotropy, and high net pressures as indications of reservoir complexity. Because of the predicted fracture complexity, a smaller proppant is necessary to prop the narrower secondary fractures. As a result, a series of field trials were conducted to examine the effectiveness of MP for enhancing well production. Comparisons are made between wells where MP was used and offset well production to demonstrate such impact. A description of treatment designs used is also presented for comparison. The wells where MP was pumped during the initial pad stages of stimulation treatments demonstrated significant production uplift compared to offset wells. Additionally, MP demonstrated a secondary benefit, which indirectly manifests in net treating pressure. PDL is believed to be a major contributor to excessively high treating pressures and screenouts in the area. Because the particle size of the MP enables better access to the narrower secondary fracture network, it also reduces entry friction associated with PDL. Such reduction has led to lower treating pressures, which subsequently has improved placement efficiency of stimulation treatments.
Evaluation of extracellular matrices and the plasminogen activator system in sheep inner cell mass and trophectodermal outgrowth in vitro (1995)

Effects of extracellular matrices (ECM) and the plasminogen activator (PA) system on outgrowth of sheep inner cell masses (ICM) and trophectoderm in vitro were investigated. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of plasminogen and ECM type on ICM and trophectodermal outgrowth, on glass Lab-Tek chamber slides coated with collagen IV, fibronectin, or laminin. ICM outgrowth areas were reduced (p < 0.05) by plasminogen and were greatest (p < 0.05) on fibronectin. Trophectodermal outgrowth was not supported in this system. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of PA inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) or antiserum to urokinase-type PA (anti-uPA) on ICM outgrowth on fibronectin. Numbers of cells in the outgrowths were increased (p < 0.05) with PAI-2, and anti-uPA had no effect (p > 0.10). Experiment 3 evaluated the relationship between PA production and ECM type on ICM and trophectodermal outgrowth in microdrop cultures. PA production by ICM was greatest (p < 0.05) on fibronectin, but no differences (p > 0.10) were observed for trophectoderm. PA production was not correlated with ICM outgrowth areas (r = -0.12; p = 0.72) or numbers of cells in the ICM outgrowths (r = 0.09; p = 0.74) but was correlated with ICM areas (r = 0.75; p < 0.01) and numbers of cells in trophectodermal outgrowths (r = 0.57; p = 0.01). These results suggest that type of ECM, culture system, and alterations in the PA system influence cellular outgrowths by ICM and trophectoderm.
BragFish (2008)

In this paper, we present our research on social interaction in co-located handheld augmented reality (AR) games. These games are characterized by shared physical spaces that promote physical awareness among players, and individual gaming devices that support both public and private information. One result of our exploration of the design and evaluation of such games is a prototype called BragFish. Through BragFish, we aim to investigate the connections between the observed game experience (focusing on social and physical interaction) and the designed affordances of our AR handheld game. Our evaluation of BragFish shows that most of our participants form strategies for social play by leveraging visual, aural and physical cues from the shared space. Moreover, we use this as an example to motivate discussions on how to improve social play experiences for co-located handheld games by designing for shared spaces.
Friedländer condensation of 1<i>H</i>‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones with <i>O</i>‐aminobenzaldehydes. Synthesis of 1<i>H</i>‐pyrazolo[3,4‐<i>B</i>]quinolines (1983)

Abstract All the possible 1‐ and 3‐monomethyl, monophenyl, dimethyl, diphenyl, and methylphenyl‐1 H ‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones have been condensed with o ‐aminobenzaldehyde. In some cases (but not all) 1‐ H ‐pyrazolo[3,4‐ b ]quinolines (10) are formed together with a variety of other products. The balance between formation of hydrazone 11 and the ring‐closed 10 is discussed, as is the formation of other products obtained in these condensations.
A New Patterning Method Using Photocatalytic Lithography and Selective Atomic Layer Deposition (2003)

We report a new patterning method using photocatalytic lithography of alkylsiloxane self-assembled monolayers and selective atomic layer deposition of thin films. The photocatalytic lithography is based on the fact that the decomposition rate of the alkylsiloxane monolayers in contact with TiO2 is much faster than that with SiO2 under UV irradiation in air. The photocatalytic lithography, using a quartz plate coated with patterned TiO2 thin films, was done to prepare patterned monolayers of the alkylsiloxane on Si substrates. A ZrO2 thin film was selectively deposited onto the monolayer-patterned Si substrate by atomic layer deposition.
The deposition angle-dependent density of amorphous solid water films (2002)

The index of refraction and thickness of amorphous solid water (ASW) films are determined using laser optical interferometry. From the film thickness, the density of ASW can be calculated directly since the molecular beam flux and the H2O condensation coefficient are both known. From the index of refraction the ASW density can also be determined using the Lorentz–Lorenz relationship. The densities determined via both methods agree within experimental uncertainty. For films deposited at 22 K using a collimated molecular beam, the index of refraction and density decrease monotonically as the deposition angle is varied from normal to oblique incidence. At normal incidence the films have an index of refraction of 1.285 and are presumed to be fully dense (0.94 g/cm3). At glancing incidence (86°) the film has a refractive index of 1.05 and a density of 0.16 g/cm3, indicating a porosity exceeding 80%. The angle-dependent film density is in semiquantitative agreement with the results of ballistic deposition simulations of ASW film growth.
Adsorption of Surfactant Dispersed Nanometer Magnetite (2002)

Processing of fine particles in a slurry is a difficult problem. Methods to make fine particles magnetic have been developed recently and may offer a solution to this problem. Particles of nonmagnetic materials can be selectively rendered magnetic through surface interactions with magnetic reagents, which are prepared by dispersing nanoscale magnetite (about 10 nm diameter) with surfactants. When adsorption occurs, the magnetic susceptibility of the material is increased. Magnetic enhancement at several orders of magnitude can be achieved. Selectivity of the adsorption can be controlled by the functional groups of magnetic reagents and various surface interaction mechanisms. This approach allows a new degree of freedom for the processing of fine particles, even with conventional magnetic means. Separation and filtration are examples of the applications.
Antiretroviral Treatment Alters Relationship between Mcp-1 and Neurometabolites in HIV Patients (2004)

These findings suggest that higher CSF MCP-1 levels are associated with neuronal dysfunction in untreated patients. After 3 months of HAART, the decreased systemic factors (viral burden, systemically derived MCP-1) no longer associate with neuronal dysfunction, but subjects with the strongest glial response in the brain continue to produce the highest levels of MCP-1.
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Renal Failure (1982)

Dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are frequent complications of chronic renal failure. It is not clear, however, whether these dysfunctions occur in patients with acute renal failure. In this study, 15 patients with acute renal failure and 15 age-matched normal subjects were evaluated. Baseline mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate were higher (p < 0.01) in patients with acute renal failure than in normal subjects. The Valsalva maneuver and orthostatic stress were used to measure the integrity of the entire baroreceptor reflex arc. Valsalva ratio was lower (p < 0.01) in patients with acute renal failure (1.53 ± 0.09) than in normals (2.3 ± 0.08). During orthostasis, MBP decreased more in patients with acute renal failure (-12 ± 2.7 mm Hg) than in normals (-3.0 ± 2.6 mm Hg). During hand-grip exercise, a measure of integrity of the efferent pathway of the ANS, the increments in MBP (6 ± 2.2 mm Hg) and heart rate (7 ± 1.1 beats/min) in patients with acute renal failure were lower (p < 0.01) than in normals (28 ± 1.9 mm Hg and 21 ± 1.6 beats/min). Baseline plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) were elevated in patients with acute renal failure; however, the increments of plasma NE during stimuli were reduced. NE infusion at progressive doses of 20, 50 and 100 ng/kg/min produced smaller (p < 0.01) increments in MBP in patients with acute renal failure (1.3 ± 1.0,5.0 ± 0.9 and 10 ± 1.6 mm Hg, respectively), than in normals (2.1 ± 1.9, 11 ± 2.7 and 23 ± 4.7 mm Hg). These abnormalities disappeared with improvement of renal function. The data show that patients with acute renal failure have reduced Valsalva ratio, orthostatic hypotension without an appropriate rise in plasma NE and heart rate, impaired response to hand-grip exercise, and reduced pressor response to NE. These results indicate that: (1) autonomic neuropathy may occur rapidly in patients with acute renal failure; (2) this dysfunction is at least partially due to reduced end-organ response to NE, and (3) the abnormalities disappear with improvement of renal function.
Human-aided computing (2008)

In this paper, we present Human-Aided Computing, an approach that uses an electroencephalograph (EEG) device to measure the presence and outcomes of implicit cognitive processing, processing that users perform automatically and may not even be aware of. We describe a classification system and present results from two experiments as proof-of-concept. Results from the first experiment showed that our system could classify whether a user was looking at an image of a face or not, even when the user was not explicitly trying to make this determination. Results from the second experiment extended this to animals and inanimate object categories as well, suggesting generality beyond face recognition. We further show that we can improve classification accuracies if we show images multiple times, potentially to multiple people, attaining well above 90% classification accuracies with even just ten presentations.
Molecular and cytological characterization of the global Musa germplasm collection provides insights into the treasure of banana diversity (2016)

Bananas (Musa spp.) are one of the main fruit crops grown worldwide. With the annual production reaching 144 million tons, their production represents an important contribution to the economies of many countries in Asia, Africa, Latin-America and Pacific Islands. Most importantly, bananas are a staple food for millions of people living in the tropics. Unfortunately, sustainable banana production is endangered by various diseases and pests, and the breeding for resistant cultivars relies on a far too small base of genetic variation. Greater diversity needs to be incorporated in breeding, especially of wild species. Such work requires a large and thoroughly characterized germplasm collection, which also is a safe depository of genetic diversity. The largest ex situ Musa germplasm collection is kept at the International Transit Centre (ITC) in Leuven (Belgium) and currently comprises over 1500 accessions. This report summarizes the results of systematic cytological and molecular characterization of the Musa ITC collection. By December 2015, 630 accessions have been genotyped. The SSR markers confirmed the previous morphological based classification for 84% of ITC accessions analyzed. The remaining 16% of the genotyped entries may need field verification by taxonomist to decide if the unexpected classification by SSR genotyping was correct. The ploidy level estimation complements the molecular data. The genotyping continues for the entire ITC collection, including newly introduced accessions, to assure that the genotype of each accession is known in the largest global Musa gene bank.
Genetic and Environmental Risks for High Blood Pressure Among African American Mothers and Daughters (2009)

A gene x environmental interaction with rs8179526 has a protective effect on SBP in African-American women with high sodium intake. Participants with C/T genotype of rs8179526 who consumed greater than 2,300 mg of sodium had lower SBP than those who consumed less than recommended. Women with thymine/thymine (T/T) genotype of rs8179526 who consumed greater than 2,300 mg had lower SBP than those who consumed less. Awareness of both the protective and deleterious properties of rs8179526 in African-American women may one day assist in determining appropriate treatment plans.
Novel calixarenes in thin films for efficient second harmonic generation (1993)

Calix[4]arenes are a novel type of molecules for nonlinear optics. In a single molecule four π-conjugated systems are combined. Corona poled guest-host polymer systems [calix[4]arenes-poly(methyl-methacrylate)] with transparency into the UV and loading up to 100% show a high degree of orientation. The maximum resonant d33 nonlinear coefficient measured at a fundamental wavelength of 590 nm is 51 pm/V. The d33 values of the thin films relax after poling to 65% of their maximum value. Results indicate self-organization of the molecules upon poling.
The codebreakers : the story of secret writing (1996)

CONTENTS Preface to the Revised Edition Preface A Few Words 1. One Day of Magic THE PAGENT OF CRYPTOLOGY 2. The First 3,000 Years 3. The Rise of the West 4. On the Origin of a Species 5. The Era of the Black Chambers 6. The Contribution of the Dilettantes 7. Crises of the Union 8. The Professor, the Soldier, and the Man on Devil's Island 9. Room 40 10. A War of Intercepts: I 11. A War of Intercepts: II 12. Two Americans 13. Secrecy for Sale 14. Duel in the Ether: The Axis 15. Duel in the Ether: Neutrals and Allies 16. Censors, Scramblers, and Spies 17. The Scrutable Orientals 18. Russkaya Kriptologiya (Russian Cryptology) 19. N.S.A. SIDESHOWS 20. The Anatomy of Cryptology 21. Heterogeneous Impulses 22. Rumrunners, Businessmen, and Makers of Non-secret Codes 23. Ciphers in the Past Tense 24. The Pathology of Cryptology PARACRYPTOLOGY 25. Ancestral Voices 26. Messages from Outer Space THE NEW CRYPTOLOGY 27. Cryptology Goes Public Bibliography Notes to Text Acknowledgments Notes to Illustrations Index