gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Key distribution mechanism in secure ADS-B networks (2015)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) has been gaining attention as a replacement and strengthening of primary and secondary RADAR systems. Nevertheless, there have been several security concerns about this protocol because messages are sent in clear text, which makes it vulnerable to several attacks. In recent work, we addressed these concerns using a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) that provides ADS-B with integrity and authentication capabilities. In this paper, we further develop this concept by proposing a key distribution mechanism that provides the proper infrastructure for the added safety and security features. The proposed mechanism addresses several common usage scenarios, including those that arise from air space being shared by manned and unmanned aerial vehicles.
Microswitches with sputtered Au, AuPd,Au-on-AuPt, and AuPtCu alloy electric contacts (2006)

This paper is the first to report on a new analytic model for predicting microcontact resistance and the design, fabrication, and testing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal contact switches with sputtered bimetallic (i.e., gold (Au)-on-Au-platinum (Pt), (Au-on-Au-(6.3at%)Pt)), binary alloy (i.e., Au-palladium (Pd), (Au-(3.7at%)Pd)), and ternary alloy (i.e., Au-Pt-copper (Cu), (Au-(5.0at%)Pt-(0.5at%)Cu)) electric contacts. The microswitches with bimetallic and binary alloy contacts resulted in contact resistance values between 1-2/spl Omega/. Preliminary reliability testing indicates a 3/spl times/ increase in switching lifetime when compared to microswitches with sputtered Au electric contacts. The ternary alloy exhibited approximately a 6/spl times/ increase in switch lifetime with contact resistance values ranging from approximately 0.2-1.8/spl Omega/.
High-Performance 850 nm VCSEL and Photodetector Arrays for 25 Gb/s Parallel Optical Interconnects (2010)

We design, fabricate and demonstrate 850 nm VCSEL and PD arrays which operate at 25 Gb/s per channel, up to 600 Gb/s with 24 channels, for low-power parallel optical module applications. We also report a complete 25 Gb/s VCSEL to PD back-to-back link.
Measurement of gain on the 1.315-μm transition of atomic iodine as produced from the NCl(a<sup>1</sup>Δ) + I(<sup>2</sup>P 3/2 ) energy transfer reaction (1999)

A direct measurement of gain on the electronic I (2P3/2) - I*(2Pi/2) transition of atomic iodine at 1.315 jam using tunable diode laser is demonstrated. The population inversion results from the efficient energy transfer between NCI (alA) metastables and I (2P3/2) atoms. Ground state iodine atoms and NCI (a1 A) metastables are produced in a transverse subsonic flow device from the stepwise reaction of Cl atoms with HI followed by the reaction of Cl with azide (N3) radicals, respectively. Under current experimental conditions, a gain of 0.020%/cm is obtained and appears to be limited by reagent number density. A kinetic model was constructed to simulate the experimental gain profile using a mechanism consisting of fully coupled finite rate chemistry and 1-D fluid dynamics. Good agreement with experimental and theoretical calculations are obtained. Keywords: Gain, population inversion, atomic iodine, NCI (a*A) metastables, azides, energy transfer
Improving Sun Protection Factors of Fabrics by Applying UV-Absorbers (1996)

Designing and modifying fabrics in such a way that they offer high protection against UV-light ("UV-cutting") is a relatively new application. Thin, untreated fabrics made, for example, from cotton, silk, polyamide, and polyacrylonitrile offer sun protection factors (SPF) only in the range of 3 to 5, i.e., their UV-cutting effect is inadequate when the sun's irradiation is intense. The SPFs of fabrics can be increased in a variety of ways, using thicker fabrics or applying UV-absorbers. In this article we are presenting a model that makes it possible to predict SPFs of fabrics as a function of a diversity of parameters, such as fabric type, thickness, and porosity, as well as UV-absorber ( or dye or optical brightener) type and concentration. Important parameters for achieving high SPFs are identified. The model is confirmed by experimental data. We also provide data about how long it takes until reddening of unprotected skin is observed under various conditions.
Inhibiting phosphorylation of the oncogenic PAX3-FOXO1 reduces alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma phenotypes identifying novel therapy options (2015)

Patients with translocation-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), an aggressive childhood tumor primarily characterized by the PAX3-FOXO1 oncogenic fusion protein, have a poor prognosis because of lack of therapies that specifically target ARMS tumors. This fact highlights the need for novel pharmaceutical interventions. Posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation are becoming attractive biological targets for the development of such interventions. Along these lines, we demonstrated that PAX3-FOXO1 is phosphorylated at three specific sites and that its pattern of phosphorylation is altered relative to wild-type Pax3 throughout early myogenesis and in ARMS tumor cells. However, little work has been performed examining the effect of directly inhibiting phosphorylation at these sites on ARMS development. To address this gap in knowledge, we used small molecule inhibitors or mutational analysis to specifically inhibit phosphorylation of PAX3-FOXO1 to investigate how altering phosphorylation of the oncogenic fusion protein affects ARMS phenotypes. We found that inhibiting the phosphorylation of PAX3-FOXO1 at Ser201 significantly reduced migration, invasion and proliferation in two independent ARMS tumor cell lines. Further, we found that inhibition of phosphorylation at Ser205 also decreased proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Consistent with these in vitro results, we demonstrate for the first time that PAX3-FOXO1 is phosphorylated at Ser201 and Ser205 in a primary tumor sample and in tumor cells actively invading the surrounding normal tissue. This report is the first to demonstrate that the direct inhibition of PAX3-FOXO1 phosphorylation reduces ARMS tumor phenotypes in vitro and that these phosphorylation events are present in primary human ARMS tumors and invading tumor cells. These results identify phosphorylation of PAX3-FOXO1, especially at Ser201, as a novel biological target that can be explored as a promising avenue for ARMS therapies.
Quantitative Electrochemical DNA Microarray on a Monolith Electrode with Ten Attomolar Sensitivity, 100 % Specificity, and Zero Background (2017)

Circulating microRNA are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease in quantitative blood tests. A label-free, PCR-free, electrochemical microarray technology on a monolith electrode is described, with 10 attomolar (aM) sensitivity and responsiveness to binding of <1 zeptomole of target to immobilized ssDNA probes with zero background. Specificity is 100% in a mixture with five nonspecific miRNA each with a 10<sup>3</sup>-fold higher concentration. Direct measurement on plasma-derived miRNA without cDNA conversion and PCR demonstrated multiplexing and near-ideal quantitative correlation with an equivalent pure sample. The dynamic range is a target concentration ranging from 10<sup>-2</sup> to 10<sup>3</sup> femtomolar (fM). This PCR-free novel technology can be applied as a test for cancer diagnosis/prognosis to detect 10<sup>3</sup> copies of a miRNA sequence in RNA extracted from 100 μL of plasma.
Cable development for distributed geophysical sensing with a field trial in surface seismic (2013)

Fibre-optic distributed sensing has the potential to revolutionize well and reservoir surveillance in the oil and gas industry. Benefits include the passive nature of optical fibre sensors, the potential for cost-effective installations, combined with the possibility of densely distributed measurements along the entire length of the fibre. Amongst a range of fibre-optic sensing technologies, Distributed Acoustic Sensing has the potential to provide a low cost alternative for conventional seismic technologies. To widen the geophysical application scope further, the fibre-optic sensing cable should be made more sensitive to incoming seismic waves that arrive at the cable perpendicular (“broadside”) to its axial direction. We introduce the development of such cable concepts, and present results of a successful cable deployment in a surface seismic field trial. Efforts continue to realize cost-effective directionally-sensitive cables for geophysical use, for deployment down-hole and on surface.
Repairing Hidden Cracks in Coolant Tubes (1984)

Repair technique closes leaks in tubes or conduits where access limited to wall opposite crack. Technique applicable to any tubular assembly where tubes bundled together or bonded to supporting shell, such as in heat exchangers. Procedure provides structural support to area failed and uninterrupted flow without significantly altering heat-transfer profile.
MIXING POLYMERS OF DIFFERENT VISCOSITIES (1984)

Abstract The mixing of viscous polymers of dissimilar viscosities undergoing an overall shear is considered. Data are presented to illustrate the effects of component viscosity ratio and relative volume fraction on the quality of mixing. Experiments and analysis are based upon the geometry suggested by a tumbled mixture of polyethylene pellets in the hopper of an extruder. For a system in which the viscosity of the initially disperse phase exceeds that of the major component, deformation is modelled as the elongation of circular cylinders resulting from heightened shear stresses and discontinuous normal stresses at the component interface. In fluids as viscous as the polymers considered, these stresses are strongly dependent upon the cross-sectional area of the mixing channel, and the interaction between elongating drops is modelled as a decreasing effective cross-sectional area. 1t is shown that the interaction between neighboring drops is sufficiently strong that at a certain drop length the disperse phase begins to behave as if it were present continuously across the mixing channel; in other words, the disperse phase and suspending medium behave at large strains like high-modulus reinforcing fibers in a lower-modulus solid matrix. This critical drop length is surprisingly small, ranging from 2 to 8 times the nominal linear dimension of the undeformed drop in the systems considered. For a system in which the major component is more viscous than the disperse drops, such a condition of substantially equal strain is shown to exist throughout the mixture.
Laser Pyrometer For Spot Temperature Measurements (1988)

Laser pyrometer makes temperature map by scanning measuring spot across target. Scanning laser pyrometer passively measures radiation emitted by scanned spot on target and calibrated by similar passive measurement on blackbody of known temperature. Laser beam turned on for active measurements of reflectances of target spot and reflectance standard. From measurements, temperature of target spot inferred. Pyrometer useful for non-contact measurement of temperature distributions in processing of materials.
Factors affecting the viability of cryopreserved allograft heart valves (1988)

Allograft heart valves have been used for more than 25 years as replacements for diseased aortic valves and repair of congenital abnormalities. In many instances, particularly paediatric surgery, it is the valve of choice due to its non-obstructive flow, relative freedom from calcification and thromboembolism without anticoagulation therapy. In order to permit valve size matching for recipients, it is necessary to find methods of storage which will maintain cellular viability. The best method which allows infinite, convenient storage is cryopreservation.
An Efficient Commercial Process for the Preparation of Isotretinoin (2005)

We describe an efficient process for the preparation of isotretinoin (13-cis isomer of vitamin A acid) in a single step starting from β-ionylidene acetaldehyde (5). The process conditions are convenient to operate on a commercial scale and afford isotretinoin of excellent quality; levels of related isomeric impurities such as tretinoin (all trans retinoic acid) and 9,13-di-cis-retinoic acid are extremely low. Thus, condensation of dienolate of methyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate with β-ionylidene acetaldehyde (5) followed by aqueous acidic workup afforded isotretinoin in >95% purity. The condensation reaction proceeds via in situ formation of lactone (8); furthermore, the reaction conditions have been optimized to exploit in situ generated methoxide anion for lactone ring opening to afford the desired product. Distinct advantages of this process are that it does not require isolation of intermediate lactone and utilizes in situ generated methoxide for lactone ring opening, thus obviating the need for an additional step and base. We also describe an optimized process for the preparation of β-ionylidene acetaldehyde (5), a key intermediate for isotretinoin.
Vaccine Potential of the<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>2086 Lipoprotein (2004)

A novel antigen that induces cross-reactive bactericidal antibodies against a number of Neisseria meningitidis strains is described. This antigen, a approximately 28-kDa lipoprotein called LP2086, was first observed within a complex mixture of soluble outer membrane proteins (sOMPs) following a series of fractionation, protein purification, and proteomics steps. Approximately 95 different neisserial isolates tested positive by Western blotting and PCR screening methods for the presence of the protein and the gene encoding LP2086. The strains tested included isolates of N. meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, W135, and Y, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Neisseria lactamica. To better understand the microheterogeneity of this protein, the 2086 genes from 63 neisserial isolates were sequenced. Two different subfamilies of LP2086 were identified based on deduced amino acid sequence homology. A high degree of amino acid sequence similarity exists within each 2086 subfamily. The highest degree of genetic diversity was seen between the two subfamilies which share approximately 60 to 75% homology at the nucleic acid level. Flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) analyses and electron microscopy indicated that the LP2086 is localized on the outer surface of N. meningitidis. Antiserum produced against a single protein variant was capable of eliciting bactericidal activity against strains expressing different serosubtype antigens. Combining one recombinant lipidated 2086 (rLP2086) variant from each subfamily with two rPorA variants elicited bactericidal activity against all strains tested. The rLP2086 family of antigens are candidates worthy of further vaccine development.
Pulse-driven Josephson digital/analog converter [voltage standard] (1998)

The authors have designed and demonstrated a pulse-driven Josephson digital/analog converter. When used as a programmable voltage standard, this device can synthesize metrologically accurate ac waveforms as well as stable dc voltages. We show through simulations that Josephson quantization produces a nearly ideal quantization noise spectrum when a junction is driven with a typical waveform produced by a digital code generator. This technique has been demonstrated in preliminary experiments with arrays of 1000 junctions clocked at frequencies up to 6 Gb/s, where sine waves of a few millivolts in amplitude were synthesized at frequencies up to 1 MHz.
On stability analysis of active disturbance rejection control for nonlinear time-varying plants with unknown dynamics (2007)

This paper concerns with stability characteristics of active disturbance rejection control for nonlinear time varying plants that are largely unknown. In particular, as ymptotic stability is established where the plant dynamics is completely known. In the face of large dynamic uncertainties, estimation and tracking errors are shown to be bounded, with their bounds monotonously decreasing with their respective bandwidths.
Optical delay line using rotating rhombic prisms (2007)

We propose a robust and efficient delay line using an ensemble of rotating rhombic prisms. Delay lines relying on rotating elements provide fast and stable operation. Optical systems using rhombic prisms are quite easy to align since these prisms are efficient even when slightly misaligned. Optical delay lines with a single rotating element usually have a poor duty cycle and show large nonlinearity in the variation of the optical path lengh with the angular position. Our delay line improves over existing technology by using off-centroid rotation and reinjection. Off-centroid rotation allows the use of multiple prisms and, by optimizing the conditions of operation, the duty cycle is increased and the nonlinearity is decreased. The duty cycle and repetition rate are further increased by reinjecting the incoming ray towards the delay line when it is not first intercepted by the prism ensemble. We have designed and built such a delay line using five prisms. The experimental device was tested at 2000 delay scans per second and provided a duty cycle larger than 80% with about 5% nonlinearity. Higher delay scan rates are easily achievable with this technology. The delay line was introduced in a time-domain optical coherence tomography system and example of imaging of biological tissue is provided.
Cooling efficiency of cryogen spray during laser therapy of skin (2003)

The presented model enables accurate prediction of H and thus improve control over temperature depth profile and cooling efficiency during laser therapy. Thereby, it may contribute to improvement of therapeutic outcome.
Recent Progress in GaN‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes (2009)

Abstract In the last few years the GaN‐based white light‐emitting diode (LED) has been remarkable as a commercially available solid‐state light source. To increase the luminescence power, we studied GaN LED epitaxial materials. First, a special maskless V‐grooved c ‐plane sapphire was fabricated, a GaN lateral epitaxial overgrowth method on this substrate was developed, and consequently GaN films are obtained with low dislocation densities and an increased light‐emitting efficiency (because of the enhanced reflection from the V‐grooved plane). Furthermore, anomalous tunneling‐assisted carrier transfer in an asymmetrically coupled InGaN/GaN quantum well structure was studied. A new quantum well structure using this effect is designed to enhance the luminescent efficiency of the LED to ∼72%. Finally, a single‐chip phosphor‐free white LED is fabricated, a stable white light is emitted for currents from 20 to 60 mA, which makes the LED chip suitable for lighting applications.
Biocompatible implantable biofuel cell (2014)

The present work demonstrates the in vivo biocompatibility and operation of a biofuel cell enclosed by a chitosan membrane. The measured power output in the range of 6.2 to 20.7 µW cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> (applied current from 10 to 70 µA) indicated that glucose and oxygen can reach the enzymes in the 3D matrix without any need for a buffer solution in the implant or a hydration step. This is very important to simplify the preparation and sterilization steps, to avoid contamination and to favour the close communication between the device and body fluids. This optimized biofuel cell is now being applied to supplying power for a leadless pacemaker.
A Fully-Implicit Fully-Coupled Well Model for Parallel Mega-Cell Reservoir Simulation (2005)

Abstract Various production and injection processes with the attendant well controls represent the most important boundary conditions for a reservoir simulator. Therefore, it is of significant interest that the modeling of wells be done in an accurate and robust manner. Recent development of horizontal wells, maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells, and smart wells further increase the demand for more comprehensive numerical treatment of wells. In mega-cell simulation, wells can be perforated in more than one hundred computational layers known as well cells whose layer productivity indices (LPI) can vary widely. Contributions of inflow from each of the well cells make up the total target well rates. Collectively, the well cells communicate through the wellbore pressure boundary condition. A converged time step means the material balance is satisfied for all grid cells plus all the well constraint equations active at that particular time step. In this paper, the fully-implicit fully-coupled treatment of well constraint equations in the context of parallel mega cell reservoir simulation is described. In parallel computation utilizing several processors, grid cells are partitioned roughly evenly into these processing units. A single well can traverse several grid cells residing in multiple processors where information pertaining to well inflow must be gathered to construct the well constraint equations. These well equations are unstructured and are solved simultaneously with the multi-million grid cell material balance equations. The paper describes the well modeling equations and the numerical procedures for solving these equations in a fully-implicit fully-coupled manner. Furthermore, methods for treating fully implicit wells in several special simulation features such as local grid refinement, dual porosity dual permeability, and complex MRC wells with flow hydraulic calculation are also included. A number of examples on the advantages of applying the implicit well model as compared to the less rigorous well treatments are also discussed. In addition, for some mega-cell simulation cases, we compare the field-scale performance and parallel scalability of the methods.
Homologues of the <i>Cf-9</i> Disease Resistance Gene (<i>Hcr9s</i>) Are Present at Multiple Loci on the Short Arm of Tomato Chromosome 1 (1999)

The tomato Cf-4 and Cf-9 genes map at a genetically complex locus on the short arm of chromosome 1 and confer resistance against Cladosporium fulvum through recognition of different pathogen-encoded avirulence determinants. Cf-4 and Cf-9 are members of a large gene family (Hcr9s, Homologues of Cladosporium fulvum resistance gene Cf-9), some of which encode additional distinct recognition specificities. A genetic analysis of the majority of Hcr9s suggests that their distribution is spatially restricted to the short arm of chromosome 1. Two loci of clustered Hcr9 genes have been analyzed physically that mapped distal (Northern Lights) and proximal (Southern Cross) to the Cf-4/9 locus (Milky Way). Sequence homologies between intergenic regions at Southern Cross and Milky Way indicate local Hcr9 duplication preceded cluster multiplication. The multiplication of clusters involved DNA flanking Hcr9 sequences as indicated by conserved lipoxygenase sequences at Southern Cross and Milky Way. The similar spatial distribution of Hcr9 clusters in different Lycopersicon spp. suggests Hcr9 cluster multiplication preceded speciation.
Multiplexed piezoelectric polymer tactile sensor (1992)

Abstract An electrically multiplexed robotic tactile sensor has been realized using a monolithic silicon‐integrated circuit coupled to a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The integrated circuit incorporates 25 sensor electrodes arranged in a symmetrical 5 × 5 matrix. Each electrode occupies a 600 × 600 m̈m square area, and they are separated from each other by 600 m̈m. A 25‐m̈m thick PVDF film was experimentally determined to be compatible with the fabrication process, and also yielded very favorable tactile sensing performance characteristics. The response of the tactile sensor is essentially linear for loads spanning 0.8 to 60 g force (gmf). The response bandwidth is 33 Hz, the hysteresis level is very small, and crosstalk is not a significant problem. A novel precharge bias scheme has been implemented to stabilize the pre‐ and postload sensor response. A rudimentary tactile object image measurement process was evaluated to recognize the shapes of circular, rectangular, toroidal, and hexagonal loads.