gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Local Waste in Traditional Compost Fertilizers (2022)

Elephant grass, dung, straw, and Gamal leaves, all of which are readily accessible in Makassar City, have not been extensively used by the local populace despite their abundance. These wastes may be processed into organic fertilizers that can be used to boost the economic worth of the trash by developing simple and suitable technologies. The material to be composted is mixed together with the promi, which is then composted. It takes just 6 weeks for the organic fertilizer to be entirely created, as seen by the final compost, which is odorless, dark brown, and water-insoluble, and contains N = 1.4 percent, P = 1.7 percent, and K = 1.8 percent, with a C/N ratio of 18.9 percent
Removal ofN-butanol from aqueous solutions by ion-exchange membranes containing organic counterions (1999)

The pervaporation of aqueous butanol solutions was investigated using thin-film composite membranes composed of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) substrate coated with a sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenelene oxide) polymer. The polymer was ion-exchanged with quaternary ammonium cations having aliphatic substituents of various chain lengths. The pervaporation of aqueous n-butanol solutions using these membranes gave a permeate more concentrated in n-butanol; therefore, they were alcohol-selective. The separation factor increased and the permeate flux decreased as the chain lengths of the aliphatic substituents were increased. Hence, the mass-transport properties of such membranes can be controlled or altered to yield some desired permselectivity by the introduction of a proper counterion. It was observed that the n-butanol flux was small relative to the total flux and, therefore, the water flux dominated the total permeate flux. The degree of swelling of the membranes and its effect on membrane performance was investigated as well. As the n-butanol content was increased, the swelling of the membranes increased greatly. High membrane swelling caused a reduction in the separation factor. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 47–58, 1999
Gridlets: Reusing Spreadsheet Grids (2020)

Spreadsheets allow end users to blend calculations with arbitrary layout and formatting. However, when it comes to reusing groups of formulae along with layout and formatting, spreadsheets provide only limited support. Most users rely on copy and paste, which is easy to learn and use, but maintaining several copies can be tedious and error-prone. We present the concept of Gridlets, an abstraction over calculation and presentation applicable in common use case scenarios. Using the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework, we compare Gridlets to copy/paste and sheet-defined functions. We find that Gridlets are consistent with the spreadsheet paradigm, enable users to take advantage of secondary notation, and make common edit operations less viscous and less error-prone.
Labor Law as the Century Turns: A Changing of the Guard (1988)

<i>Colletotrichum lini</i> is a fungal pathogen of flax that can cause significant yield and quality losses. In this work, we obtained the first complete annotated genome assembly of the highly virulent <i>C. lini</i> strain #394-2. The nuclear genome consisted of ten core and two accessory chromosomes and had a length of 53.7 Mb. The mitochondrial genome was 39.1 kb. The assembly was obtained by the Canu-Racon ×2-Medaka-Polca algorithm using Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina data. As a result of the annotation with the Illumina RNA-Seq data, 12,449 genes were identified. Potential signaling proteins were tested for effector functions and 550 effector proteins were predicted using EffectorP. The visualization of the effector protein localization revealed that the presence of effector proteins was associated with repeat-rich regions. A comparison of the genomic structure of <i>C. lini</i> with chromosome-level and complete assemblies of the genus <i>Colletotrichum</i> representatives revealed that the genomes of <i>Colletotrichum</i> species differed by the presence of chromosomal rearrangements. The obtained assembly expands the knowledge of the genomic structure of <i>Colletotrichum</i> species and provides the basis for further studies of <i>C. lini</i>, which will help to understand the virulence mechanisms and protect flax from anthracnose.
Growth inhibition of human prostatic carcinoma cell lines by serotonin antagonists. (1994)

Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation within the primary prostate tumor has been correlated with tumor progression and shortened patient survival. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a known mitogen, is found in most neuroendocrine cells of the human prostate. We have previously found that human prostatic carcinoma cell lines, PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP, display certain NE characteristics. In this study, we have examined the effects of several subtype-selective 5-HT receptor antagonists on the growth of the three lines. Of these, the 5-HT1A antagonist pindobind had the most marked antiproliferative effect in vitro. Pindobind also had marked growth-inhibitory effects on the aggressive PC-3 cell line in vivo, in athymic nude mice. Radioligand binding studies indicated the presence of 5-HT binding sites on all three cell lines. Our results suggest that 5-HT is involved in the growth of prostate tumor cells and may serve as a target for treatment.
Observer-Based Hierarchical Sliding Mode Control of Uncertain Underactuated Systems with Time Delay and Input Saturation (2019)

This paper considers the problem of observer-based hierarchical sliding mode control approach for uncertain underactuated systems with time delay and input saturation in strict-feedback form. Based on sliding mode control technique and the concept of hierarchical design, an adaptive fuzzy hierarchical sliding mode controller is designed for the uncertain nonlinear system by using fuzzy logic systems to approximate the uncertain functions. Additionally, input saturation which is one of the most important input constraints usually appear in many industrial control systems. By choosing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii function, the proposed controller is designed to demonstrate that all the signals in the closed-loop system can not only guarantee uniformly ultimately bounded, but also achieve good tracking performance. Finally, some computer simulation results of a practical example are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Phenomena and mechanism of electrical tree in silicone rubber (2009)

In this paper, room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber (SiR) was employed as test sample to investigate the tree aging phenomena and mechanism of silicone rubber under commercial voltage. The structures and growth characteristics of electrical tree in SiR were observed by using a digital camera. A new parameter, the treeing proportion is introduced to describe the electrical tree propagation characteristics. Obtained results show that the tree channel of SiR composed of silicone compounds is non-conductive which is quite different from the conductive or semi-conductive carbonized channel within PE and XLPE. There are four kinds of electrical tree (few branch, branch, bush and mixed configurations) in RTV SiR under the commercial voltage, in which bush tree and branch tree take up a great proportion, and the probability of the appearance of bush tree increase with the applied voltage. In addition, three phases (initiation, rapid propagating and stagnation) of treeing propagation process are presented. The electrical tree propagates rapidly right after tree initiation, and the poor conductivity of electrical tree may have a great effect on the appearance of stagnation.
Potential therapeutic role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonists in psoriasis (2005)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting 1 - 3% of the world's population. Despite the availability of several agents, therapeutic options remain limited. With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of psoriasis, several potential therapeutic targets have been identified. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors have been shown to play a role in cutaneous homeostasis. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonists in psoriasis and the possibility for the future prospects.
Structural Insights into CB1 Receptor Biased Signaling (2019)

The endocannabinoid system has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Thus far, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been discovered, which are found predominantly in the central nervous system (CB1) or the immune system (CB2), among other organs and tissues. CB1 receptor ligands have been shown to induce a complex pattern of intracellular effects. The binding of a ligand induces distinct conformational changes in the receptor, which will eventually translate into distinct intracellular signaling pathways through coupling to specific intracellular effector proteins. These proteins can mediate receptor desensitization, trafficking, or signaling. Ligand specificity and selectivity, complex cellular components, and the concomitant expression of other proteins (which either regulate the CB1 receptor or are regulated by the CB1 receptor) will affect the therapeutic outcome of its targeting. With an increased interest in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) research, in-depth studies using mutations, biological assays, and spectroscopic techniques (such as NMR, EPR, MS, FRET, and X-ray crystallography), as well as computational modelling, have begun to reveal a set of concerted structural features in Class A GPCRs which relate to signaling pathways and the mechanisms of ligand-induced activation, deactivation, or activity modulation. This review will focus on the structural features of the CB1 receptor, mutations known to bias its signaling, and reported studies of CB1 receptor ligands to control its specific signaling.
Impact of a Carbapenem Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Patient Outcomes (2017)

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to improve appropriate antimicrobial use. However, concerns of the negative consequences from accepting ASP interventions exist, particularly when deescalation or discontinuation of broad-spectrum antibiotics is recommended. Hence, we sought to evaluate the impact on clinical outcomes when ASP interventions for inappropriate carbapenem use were accepted or rejected by primary providers. We retrospectively reviewed all carbapenem prescriptions deemed inappropriate according to institutional guidelines with ASP interventions between July 2011 and December 2014. Intervention acceptance and outcomes, including carbapenem utilization, length of stay, hospitalization charges, 30-day readmission, and mortality rates were reviewed. Data were analyzed in two groups, one in which physicians accepted all interventions ("accepted") and one in which interventions were rejected ("rejected"). A total of 158 ASP interventions were made. These included carbapenem discontinuation (35%), change to narrower-spectrum antibiotic (32%), dose optimization (17%), further investigations (including imaging and procalcitonin) (11%), infectious diseases referral (3%), antibiotic discontinuation (other than carbapenem) (1%), and source control (1%). Of 220 unique patients, carbapenem use was inappropriate in 101 (45.9%) patients. A significant reduction in carbapenem utilization was observed in the accepted group versus rejected group (median defined daily doses, 0.224 versus 0.668 per 1,000 patient-days, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in 30-day mortality in the accepted (none) versus rejected group (10 deaths, <i>P</i> = 0.015), but there were no differences in length of stay, hospitalization charge, or 30-day readmission rates. Hypotension was independently associated with mortality in multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 5.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 20.6). In our institution, acceptance of carbapenem ASP interventions did not compromise patient safety in terms of clinical outcomes while reducing consumption.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 episomal cDNA in semen (2005)

2-LTR HIV-1 cDNA is detectable in semen of HIV-1-infected men. Two men on ART had 2-LTR HIV-1 cDNA in semen, suggesting that this marker may prove to be useful to monitor HIV-1 infection in the genital tract of men on ART to predict the evolution of drug resistance mutations in semen.
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘-Linked Oligoureas as Foldamers: Chain Length Requirements for Helix Formation in Protic Solvent Investigated by Circular Dichroism, NMR Spectroscopy, and Molecular Dynamics (2005)

N,N'-linked oligoureas with proteinogenic side chains are peptide backbone mimetics belonging to the gamma-peptide lineage. In pyridine, heptamer 4 adopts a stable helical fold reminiscent of the 2.6(14) helical structure proposed for gamma-peptide foldamers. In the present study, we have used a combination of CD and NMR spectroscopies to correlate far-UV chiroptical properties and conformational preferences of oligoureas as a function of chain length from tetramer to nonamer. Both the intensity of the CD spectra and NMR chemical shift differences between alphaCH2 diastereotopic protons experienced a marked increase for oligomers between four and seven residues. No major change in CD spectra occurred between seven and nine residues, thus suggesting that seven residues could be the minimum length required for stabilizing a dominant conformation. Unexpectedly, in-depth NMR conformational investigation of heptamer 4 in CD3OH revealed that the 2.5 helix probably coexists with partially (un)folded conformations and that Z-E urea isomerization occurs, to some degree, along the backbone. Removing unfavorable electrostatic interactions at the amino terminal end of 4 and adding one H-bond acceptor by acylation with alkyl isocyanate (4 --> 7) was found to reinforce the 2.5 helical population. The stability of the 2.5 helical fold in MeOH is further discussed in light of unrestrained molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Taken together, these new data provide additional insight into the folding propensity of oligoureas in protic solvent and should be of practical value for the design of helical bioactive oligoureas.
Compact, integrated optical disk readout head using a novel bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (1999)

We demonstrate a novel integrated optical disk readout head using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with an intracavity quantum-well absorber. Optical pickup detection is performed by measuring the change in the absorber voltage as optical feedback into the VCSEL cavity is varied. We obtain a 0.22-V peak-to-peak response with a RC time constant of 20 μs, indicating a rolloff frequency of 50 kHz. The unique design flexibility of this device allows amplification of the detection signal by operating the device in a bistable regime.
Inhibitory Effects of Multicomponent, Phosphonate-Grafted, Zwitterionic Chitosan Biomacromolecules on Silicic Acid Condensation (2008)

This article reports the inhibitory effects of phosphonated chitosan (PCH, synthesized from chitosan (CHS) by a Mannich-type reaction) on the in vitro silicic acid condensation. In particular, the ability of PCH to retard silicic acid condensation in aqueous supersaturated solutions at circumneutral pH is studied. Furthermore, the effect of anionic carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) polyelectrolyte on the inhibitory activity of PCH is systematically studied. It was discovered that when PCH is added in dosages up to 150 ppm, it can inhibit silicic acid condensation, thereby maintaining soluble silicic acid up to 300 ppm (for 8 h, from a 500 ppm initial stock solution). The addition of CMI to working solutions that already contain PCH can further enhance the inhibitory action of PCH. A combination of 150 ppm PCH and 100 ppm CMI maintains 400 ppm soluble silicic acid for 8 h. PCH and CMI combinations also affect colloidal silica particle morphology.
Combinatorial survey of fluorinated plasma etching in the silicon-oxygen-carbon-nitrogen-hydrogen system (2016)

New multipass optical lithography patterning methods needed to print features for future &lt;10 nm technologies will demand an increasingly complex combination of hardmasks, antireflection coatings, spacers, and etch stopping materials with distinct yet complementary properties. Finding the right mix, however, has proven particularly challenging given that the materials most commonly used are drawn from a limited set of Si- and C-based solids comprising Si, C, O, N, and H. To understand and maximize the limits of this composition space, the authors have performed a combinatorial survey of the dry etch characteristics for the Si-C-O-N-H system with the goal of understanding material composition–etch interactions and identifying material subclasses with distinct etch properties. Over 50 thin films sampling Si-C-O-N-H composition space were surveyed using two fluorinated etches commonly utilized for selective patterning of SiO2 and a-SiN:H dielectrics (CHF3 and CF4/O2, respectively). It was found that the incorporation of oxygen in a-SiN:H allowed for significant tuning of the etch rate of a-SiON:H materials relative to SiO2. Additionally, increasing hydrogen content and nanoporosity significantly increased the etch rate of the various dielectric materials independent of the Si, C, O, and N content. The influence of carbon depended on whether it was incorporated as terminal organic groups, where it resulted in increased etch rates, or directly within the network of the material, where it resulted in decreased etch rates. Silicon- and carbon-rich materials exhibited very low etch rates in both etches and were found to have the most distinct and potentially complementary etch properties relative to SiO2 and a-SiN:H. Accordingly, a-C:H, a-Si:H, and a-SiC:H merit further examination as hardmask or spacer materials in future multipass patterning processes.
Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Color of Okan Wood (2011)

In this study the effect of high temperature on color change of okan wood was investigated. Wood specimens were subjected to heat treatment at 160°C, 180°C,200°C,220°Cfor 4 hours with the superheated steam as a heating medium and a shielding gas. Color changes were measured in the Minolta Croma-Meter CR-300 color system. The color parameters L*, a*, b* were determined by the CIEL*a*b* method on the surface of untreated and treated wood, and their variation with regard to the treatment (△L*,△a*,△b* ) were calculated. It was found that heat treatment resulted in a darkening of wood tissues, Color became dark with the temperature increases. The darkening accelerated when treatment temperature exceeded approximately 200°C. We found that heat treatment temperature were substantially important regarding the color responses. Strong correlations between total color difference and the treatment temperature were found. The effect of treatment temperature on color change in sapwood is more obvious than that in heartwood, the color of sapwood and heartwood tended to be more uniform when the temperature reaches more than 200°C.
Automatic event detection in football using tracking data (2022)

One of the main shortcomings of event data in football, which has been extensively used for analytics in the recent years, is that it still requires manual collection, thus limiting its availability to a reduced number of tournaments. In this work, we propose a deterministic decision tree-based algorithm to automatically extract football events using tracking data, which consists of two steps: (1) a possession step that evaluates which player was in possession of the ball at each frame in the tracking data, as well as the distinct player configurations during the time intervals where the ball is not in play to inform set piece detection; (2) an event detection step that combines the changes in ball possession computed in the first step with the laws of football to determine in-game events and set pieces. The automatically generated events are benchmarked against manually annotated events and we show that in most event categories the proposed methodology achieves $+90\%$ detection rate across different tournaments and tracking data providers. Finally, we demonstrate how the contextual information offered by tracking data can be leveraged to increase the granularity of auto-detected events, and exhibit how the proposed framework may be used to conduct a myriad of data analyses in football.
Noncoding miRNAs as novel prognostic factor for 5-fluorouracil adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer (2006)

3609 Background: The roles of non-coding miRNAs in tumorgenesis are just emerging. miRNAs regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level by influencing translation efficiency of their target mRNAs. Previous studies from our laboratory have identified a number of miRNAs that were dis-regulated in colon cancer cell lines related to the loss of p53 tumor suppressor gene. In this study, the in vivo significance of some of these miRNAs was further evaluated using clinical samples. Ten miRNAs (hsa-let-7b, hsa-let-7g, hsa-miR-15b, hsa-miR-181b, hsa-miR-191, hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-26a, hsa-miR-27a, hsa-miR-30a-5p and hsa-miR-30c) were evaluated for their potential prognostic value in colorectal cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based therapy. Methods: Forty eight snap frozen clinical colorectal samples (24 normal and 24 paired colorectal cancer patient samples) were selected with detailed clinical follow-up information. RNAs were isolated from these samples using TRIzol reagent. After cDNA synthesis with miRNA specific primers, the expression levels of 10 miRNAs were quantified via qRT-PCR analysis. The statistical significance of these markers for disease prognosis was evaluated using two tailed paired T-test. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was generated and followed by Logrank test. Result: Among the ten miRNAs, hsa-miR-15b (p=0.02), hsa-miR-181b (p=0.01), hsa-miR-191 (p=0.03) and hsa-miR-200c (p=0.005) were significantly over-expressed in tumors compared to normal colorectal samples. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicates that hsa-miR-200c was a significant prognostic marker for predicting patient’s survival (p=0.01). The patients (n=15) with higher hsa-miR-200c expression had shorter survival interval (median survival = 26 months) compared to patients (n=9) with lower expression (median survival = 38 months). Conclusions: Some of these miRNAs may function as oncogenes due to their over-expression in tumors. Hsa-miR-200c may be a potential novel prognostic factor for 5-FU based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Input model uncertainty: Why do we care and what should we do about it? (2003)

An input model is a collection of distributions together with any associated parameters that are used as primitive inputs in a simulation model. Input model uncertainty arises when one is not completely certain what distributions and/or parameters to use. This tutorial attempts to provide a sense of why one should consider input uncertainty and what methods can be used to deal with it.
A phase II randomized, controlled trial of continuous hemofiltration in sepsis (2002)

Early use of CVVH at 2 L/hr did not reduce the circulating concentrations of several cytokines and anaphylatoxins associated with septic shock, or the organ dysfunction that followed severe sepsis. CVVH using current technology cannot be recommended as an adjunct to the treatment of septic shock unless severe acute renal failure is present.