gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A thermoresponsive, citrate‐based macromolecule for bone regenerative engineering (2018)

There is a need in orthopaedic and craniomaxillofacial surgeries for materials that are easy to handle and apply to a surgical site, can fill and fully conform to the bone defect, and can promote the formation of new bone tissue. Thermoresponsive polymers that undergo liquid to gel transition at physiological temperature can potentially be used to meet these handling and shape-conforming requirements. However, there are no reports on their capacity to induce in vivo bone formation. The objective of this research was to investigate whether the functionalization of the thermoresponsive, antioxidant macromolecule poly(poly-ethyleneglycol citrate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PPCN), with strontium, phosphate, and/or the cyclic RGD peptide would render it a hydrogel with osteoinductive properties. We show that all formulations of functionalized PPCN retain thermoresponsive properties and can induce osteodifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells without the need for exogenous osteogenic supplements. PPCN-Sr was the most osteoinductive formulation in vitro and produced robust localized mineralization and osteogenesis in subcutaneous and intramuscular tissue in a mouse model. Strontium was not detected in any of the major organs. Our results support the use of functionalized PPCN as a valuable tool for the recruitment, survival, and differentiation of cells critical to the development of new bone and the induction of bone formation in vivo. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1743-1752, 2018.
Why Computer-Based Systems Should Be Autonomic (2005)

The objective of this paper is to discuss why computer-based systems should be autonomic, where autonomicity implies self-managing, often conceptualized in terms of being self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimising, self-protecting and self-aware. We look at motivations for autonomicity, examine how more and more systems are exhibiting autonomic behavior, and finally look at future directions.
New magnetic viscous damper with intelligent or smart fluid for the next generation (2002)

We propose a new viscous damper using magnetically responsive fluids, whose viscous damping factor can be changed by application of a magnetic field. The used fluids are intelligent or smart fluids; MF (magnetic fluid), MR fluid (magneto-rheological fluid), and MCF (magnetic compound fluid). The damper was developed in order to avoid the sedimentation of the fluid particles and to allow the viscous damping factor to be changed by using a fluctuating magnetic field as a semi-active damper. This solves the most important problem of the previous MR fluid damper, that is, sedimentation of the particles of the fluids. We experimentally investigated the dynamic characteristics of the newly developed damper having magnetically responsive fluids. The damper is a spring and mass single-degree-of-freedom system. We dealt with the vibration in a low frequency range, less than 10Hz, for the purpose of damping in architectural applications. A comparison of the differences of the damping effects of the three kinds of the fluids, MF, MR fluid, and MCF, showed that MCF has the largest damping effect. MCF is a new intelligent fluid developed by us for the purpose of having more apparent viscosity than MF and more stable particle dispersion than MR fluid. The experimental results can be explained by the cluster of particles aggregating in the form of a chain or necklace, as observed by microscope.
Dual annular rotating [open quotes]windowed[close quotes] nuclear reflector reactor control system (1994)

A nuclear reactor control system is provided in a nuclear reactor having a core operating in the fast neutron energy spectrum where criticality control is achieved by neutron leakage. The control system includes dual annular, rotatable reflector rings. There are two reflector rings: an inner reflector ring and an outer reflector ring. The reflectors are concentrically assembled, surround the reactor core, and each reflector ring includes a plurality of openings. The openings in each ring are capable of being aligned or non-aligned with each other. Independent driving means for each of the annular reflector rings is provided so that reactor criticality can be initiated and controlled by rotation of either reflector ring such that the extent of alignment of the openings in each ring controls the reflection of neutrons from the core. 4 figures.
Mechanical Properties of a Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel Processed by Two Step Austempering Process (2010)

A new bainitic steel with a combination of exceptionally high yield strength and fracture toughness has been developed. This steel has been synthesized by austempering a medium carbon low alloy steel by a novel two-step austempering process. The influence of this two-step austempering on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of this new steel have been examined.
Holding Characteristic of Dark State in Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal (1994)

The holding characteristic of the dark state of antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) displays have a crucial effect on the contrast ratio. We have studied the dependence of the transmittance in the dark state on the waveform of the applied voltage in multiplex driving for several materials. The samples used were 4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl-4 ′ -octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate (MHPOBC) and its homologues. It was found that the holding characteristics of the dark state are affected by the applied waveforms and the chemical structures such as the type of chiral radical and the length of the alkyl chain.
Feasibility of an Entirely Extracardiac, Minimally Invasive,Temporary Pacing System (2019)

Results support the feasibility for this completely extracardiac pacing method in a heterogeneous patient population, using a minimally invasive, parasternal, delivery approach and with adequate sensing and thresholds suited for temporary pacing.
Dapagliflozin in heart failure with improved ejection fraction: a prespecified analysis of the DELIVER trial (2022)

With modern treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF), indicative of impaired cardiac systolic function, patients may exhibit an increase in EF. Limited data are available regarding the clinical management of this growing population, categorized as heart failure with improved EF (HFimpEF), which has a high event rate and has been excluded from virtually all prior heart failure outcomes trials. In a prespecified analysis of the DELIVER trial ( NCT03619213 ), of a total of 6,263 participants with symptomatic heart failure and a left ventricular EF >40%, 1,151 (18%) had HFimpEF, defined as patients whose EF improved from ≤40% to >40%. Participants were randomized to 10 mg dapagliflozin or placebo daily and the primary outcome of the trial was a composite of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure (heart failure hospitalization or an urgent heart failure visit). Participants with HFimpEF had similar event rates to those with an EF consistently >40%. In participants with HFimpEF, dapagliflozin reduced the primary composite outcome (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.97), first worsening heart failure events (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.61-1.14), cardiovascular death (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41-0.96) and total worsening heart failure events (rate ratio = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50-0.94) to a similar extent as for individuals with an EF consistently >40%. These data suggest that patients with HFimpEF who are symptomatic may benefit from the addition of a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor to previously instituted guideline-directed medical therapy to further reduce morbidity and mortality.
Reduced Antiretroviral Drug Susceptibility Among Patients With Primary HIV Infection (1999)

Reductions in drug susceptibility of more than 10-fold were rare among this cohort of recently HIV-infected subjects and were distributed among each of the 3 major classes of ARV drugs tested. Reductions in susceptibility of more than 2.5- to 10-fold to certain ARV drugs of unknown clinical significance were highly prevalent among newly infected patients. Resistance testing may be warranted to monitor the frequency of drug resistance over time and to assess the potential for geographic variability.
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with High Photo-Energy Conversion-Controll of Nano-Particle Surfaces (2006)

Some of factors affecting photo-conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are discussed in terms of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> electrodes. The first topic is on the surface modification of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> nano-particles, which is associated with electron traps on the surface of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nano-particles. The surface is modified with dye molecules under pressurized CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> atmosphere to increase the surface coverage of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nano-particles with dye molecules. This increases Jsc because of an increase in the amount of dye molecules and a decrease in the amount of trapping sites on TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nano-particles. In addition, the decrease in the amount of trap sites increases Voc because decreases in Voc are brought about by the recombination of I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> molecules with electrons trapped on the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> surfaces. Selective staining for tandem cells is proposed. The second topic is on the contact between a SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /F transparent conductive layer (TCL) and nano-particles. Polishing the TCL surfaces with silica nano-particles increases the contact, resulting in Jsc increases
Air-Stable Direct Bandgap Perovskite Semiconductors: All-Inorganic Tin-Based Heteroleptic Halides A<sub><i>x</i></sub>SnCl<sub><i>y</i></sub>I<sub><i>z</i></sub> (A = Cs, Rb) (2018)

Semiconducting halide perovskites are a group of materials with exciting photoelectronic properties. Compared to the widely studied hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, the all-inorganic derivatives are less well understood even as they promise high inherent stability. At the moment, such materials are limited due to the fact that there is a very narrow choice of inorganic cations that can stabilize the desirable perovskite structure. Herein we report on the synthesis and characterization of novel all-inorganic tin-based perovskites and perovskitoids that can be stabilized by the heteroleptic coordination of chloride and iodide anions, Cs<sub>2</sub>SnCl<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> (<b>1</b>) and Cs<sub>2.38</sub>Rb<sub>1.62</sub>Sn<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>8</sub>I<sub>2</sub> (<b>2</b>), consist of two-dimensional (2D) layers of [SnCl<sub>4</sub>I<sub>2</sub>]<sup>4–</sup> octahedra with different connectivity modes. Compound <b>1</b> is an <i>n</i> = 1 Ruddlesden–Popper type perovskite adopting the tetragonal archetype structure (<i>I</i>4/<i>mmm</i> space group; a = 5.5905(3) Å, c = 18.8982(13) Å), while compound <b>2</b> crystallizes as an orthorhombic modification (<i>Cmcm</i> space group; a = 5.6730(11) Å, b = 25.973(5) Å, c = 16.587(3) Å) with corrugated layers. The crystal chemistry changes drastically when Cs<sup>+</sup> is replaced by the smaller Rb<sup>+</sup> cation which leads to the isolation of the low dimensional compounds Rb<sub>3</sub>SnCl<sub>3</sub>I<sub>2</sub> (<b>3a</b>), Rb<sub>3</sub>SnCl<sub>2.33</sub>I<sub>2.67</sub> (<b>3b</b>) and Rb<sub>7</sub>Sn<sub>4.25</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub>I<sub>3.5</sub> (<b>4</b>), thus illustrating the importance of the A-cation size in the formation of perovskites. The 2D perovskites show wide band gaps and relatively large resistivities, associated with their chemical stability against the oxidation of Sn<sup>2+</sup>. The chemical stability is coupled with remarkable electronic properties that derive from the perovskite structure. DFT calculations suggest that both compounds are direct band gap semiconductors with large bandwidths, consistently with the experimentally determined band gaps of <i>E</i><sub>g</sub> = 2.62 and 2.81 eV for <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>, respectively. The combination of stability and favorable electronic structure in heteroleptic-halide perovskites presents a new direction toward the realization of functional devices made exclusively from inorganic perovskites.
Optimal Tuner Selection for Kalman Filter-Based Aircraft Engine Performance Estimation (2009)

A linear point design methodology for minimizing the error in on-line Kalman filter-based aircraft engine performance estimation applications is presented. This technique specifically addresses the underdetermined estimation problem, where there are more unknown parameters than available sensor measurements. A systematic approach is applied to produce a model tuning parameter vector of appropriate dimension to enable estimation by a Kalman filter, while minimizing the estimation error in the parameters of interest. Tuning parameter selection is performed using a multivariable iterative search routine that seeks to minimize the theoretical mean-squared estimation error. This paper derives theoretical Kalman filter estimation error bias and variance values at steady-state operating conditions, and presents the tuner selection routine applied to minimize these values. Results from the application of the technique to an aircraft engine simulation are presented and compared with the conventional approach of tuner selection. Experimental simulation results are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions. The new methodology is shown to yield a significant improvement in on-line engine performance estimation accuracy.
Effect of Perforation Ratio on the Actuation Voltage Reduction of a Tri-Electrode Electrostatic Actuator (2018)

Research on the perforation ratio of an electrostatic actuator with tri-electrode topology is presented to understand the effect on voltage reduction. A tri-electrode configuration is formed by placing a perforated intermediate electrode between the MEMS device and drive electrode of a conventional electrostatic actuator. Presented simulation and experimental results show the tri-electrode configuration greatly reducing the voltage needed to control the displaced position of the MEMS device, while still providing the full actuation stroke. Reduction of needed control voltage by up to 6 times is demonstrated.
Self-referenced Spectral-Domain Interferometry for THz Detection (2013)

We demonstrate self-referenced spectral-domain interferometry (SDI) for terahertz detection. It not only overcomes the limitation of over-rotation for intense terahertz fields, but also considerably increases the signal-to-noise ratio, when compared with conventional SDI techniques.
CMOS-integrated memristors for neuromorphic architectures (2011)

High-density memristor arrays are integrated on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) substrates for neuromorphic circuit architectures. Advancing previously-reported work on Ag-filament memristor arrays [1], memristor operation is shown both in conjunction with CMOS multiplexer (MUX) circuits and in a “direct-access” configuration in which cross-bars are directly connected via CMOS interconnects to probe pads. The memristor arrays provide a high-density analog memory technology intended for CMOS-based neuromorphic architectures, Fig. 1 and [2]. Electrical data is shown for cross-bar arrays fabricated at 400-nm pitch with each memristor exhibiting intrinsic rectifying behavior, a beneficial feature for array operation. Forward-reverse-bias current ratios exceed 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> at ±1.5 V. Devices are programmed to four distinct resistance states, demonstrating utility as an analog memory with an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 2. Devices are fabricated and characterized across a 2” 180-nm-node CMOS wafer. Fabrication results are shown for 100-nm-pitch cross-bar arrays which enable effective bit densities greater than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> bits/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
MR Angiography Series: Fundamentals of Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography (2021)

The Society for Magnetic Resonance Angiography (SMRA) is a group of researchers and clinicians who are passionate about the benefits of MR angiography (MRA) but understand its challenges. Their mission is to study MRA, continually improve and innovate for the benefit of patients, and most important, educate the medical community so they can take full advantage of the benefits of MRA and overcome its challenges. In support of that mission, the authors have created a series of self-learning modules on behalf of the SMRA to demystify MRA protocols and help the reader perform patient-friendly high-quality MRA on a routine basis in clinical practice. <i>The full digital presentation is available online.</i> <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2021.
High-power inter-miniband lasing in intrinsic superlattices (1998)

We report the realization of a mid-infrared (λ≃7 μm) quantum-cascade laser, in which the emission process takes place between the two lowest minibands of an intrinsic superlattice. Contrary to previous lasers based on doped superlattices, here the dopants are located only inside suitably designed injector regions, where positive ionized donors and negative electrons are arranged to compensate the applied external field across the superlattices. This reduces impurity scattering and translates into low threshold currents (4.2 kA/cm2 at 10 K) and into room temperature operation, without compromising the large current-carrying capabilities of the minibands. Peak powers of ∼1.3 W per facet have been obtained from broad-area devices at 10 K, with still more than 1 W at 120 K and 400 mW at 200 K. Effects related to the finite size of the superlattices become visible in the spectral properties, owing to the reduced broadening, and have to be taken into account to accurately describe the laser’s behavior.
Tunable nanophotonic device based on flexible photonic crystal (2004)

We report a tunable nanophotonic device concept based on flexible photonic crystal, which is comprised of a periodic array of high index dielectric material and a low index flexible polymer. Tunability is achieved by applying mechanical force with nano-/micro-electron-mechanical system actuators. The mechanical stress induces changes in the periodicity of the photonic crystal and consequently modifies the photonic band structure. To demonstrate the concept, we theoretically investigated the effect of mechanical stress on the anomalous refraction behavior and observed a very wide tunability in the beam propagation direction. Extensive experimental studies on fabrication and characterizations of the flexible photonic crystal structures were also carried out. High quality nanostructures were fabricated by e-beam lithography. Efficient coupling of laser beam and negative refraction in the flexible PC structures have been demonstrated. The new concept of tunable nanophotonic device provides a means to achieve real-time, dynamic control of photonic band structure and will thus expand the utility of photonic crystal structures in advanced nanophotonic systems.
Characterization of the Hepatitis C Virus NS2/3 Processing Reaction by Using a Purified Precursor Protein (2001)

The NS2-NS3 region of the hepatitis C virus polyprotein encodes a proteolytic activity that is required for processing of the NS2/3 junction. Membrane association of NS2 and the autocatalytic nature of the NS2/3 processing event have so far constituted hurdles to the detailed investigation of this reaction. We now report the first biochemical characterization of the self-processing activity of a purified NS2/3 precursor. Using multiple sequence alignments, we were able to define a minimal domain, devoid of membrane-anchoring sequences, which was still capable of performing the processing reaction. This truncated protein was efficiently expressed and processed in Escherichia coli. The processing reaction could be significantly suppressed by growth in minimal medium in the absence of added zinc ions, leading to the accumulation of an unprocessed precursor protein in inclusion bodies. This protein was purified to homogeneity, refolded, and shown to undergo processing at the authentic NS2/NS3 cleavage site with rates comparable to those observed using an in vitro-translated full-length NS2/3 precursor. Size-exclusion chromatography and a dependence of the processing rate on the concentration of truncated NS2/3 suggested a functional multimerization of the precursor protein. However, we were unable to observe trans cleavage activity between cleavage-site mutants and active-site mutants. Furthermore, the cleavage reaction of the wild-type protein was not inhibited by addition of a mutant that was unable to undergo self-processing. Site-directed mutagenesis data and the independence of the processing rate from the nature of the added metal ion argue in favor of NS2/3 being a cysteine protease having Cys993 and His952 as a catalytic dyad. We conclude that a purified protein can efficiently reproduce processing at the NS2/3 site in the absence of additional cofactors.
The Genome of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Contains a Constitutively Expressed, Tandemly Arranged Multicopy Gene Homologous to a Major Heat Shock Protein (1987)

cDNA libraries have been constructed in the plasmid vector pUC18 with mRNA isolated from both epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of the Peru strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Pools of randomly selected clones were analyzed by hybridization-selection-translation. Translation products were immunoprecipitated either with normal human sera or with sera from patients with Chagas' disease (chagasic sera), and the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With this approach, a cDNA clone (pEC5) was identified which encodes a portion of an 85,000-Mr polypeptide. A genomic clone was subsequently isolated (FG1) by using oligonucleotide probes derived from the DNA sequence of this cDNA clone. A portion of this clone was isolated and sequenced, and the coding region for the protein was identified. Computer analysis of the predicted protein sequence indicates that this protein is closely related to the 83,000-Mr heat shock protein (hsp83) of Drosophila melanogaster, the hsp90 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the hsp90 of chicken. This gene is tandemly organized in the T. cruzi genome as a cluster of 6 to 10 copies.