gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsuspected infection of laboratory animals with human adenovirus‐36 compromises experimental findings (2009)

Human adenovirus‐36 (Ad‐36) affects biochemical functions and induces obesity in chickens, mice, rats, monkeys, and humans. The viral E4orf1 gene directly affects lipogenic enzymes to produce adiposity. Ad‐36 infection alters lipid & glucose metabolism, gene expression, and body composition. Serum antibodies (AB) assayed by serum neutralization (SN) are specific evidence of infection. We determined prevalence of unsuspected (natural) Ad‐36 infection in multiple laboratory species and report how experimental data are affected. We obtained serum from 40 rats (Harlan Labs, IN); 15 rhesus monkeys in the Aging Study, Wisconsin National Primate Res Ctr; 8 rabbits from US Biological (MA) & 6 cows (culture media serum). We fed rats a 36% or 48% kcal fat diet and measured wt gain and body fat. 25% of rats arrived at the lab with unsuspected Ad‐36 infection. Hi fat feeding induced greater wt gain (36.6 vs 9.6 g, p<.02) and 51% more body fat (82 vs 54 g, p<.02) in infected vs uninfected rats. 100% of monkeys became Ad‐36+ over the 7 yr study; all gained wt and lowered serum cholesterol (p<.05). 50% of rabbits were Ad‐36+ on arrival. Antibodies were present in 4 of 6 bovine sera and interfered in the SN assay. Conclusions Unsuspected Ad‐36 infection occurs in lab animals from suppliers and in university vivariums. Laboratory animals should be tested for Ad‐36 status before experiments are performed as Ad‐36 may compromise outcomes.
Ontology-driven Requirements Engineering: Building the OntoREM Meta Model (2008)

The present paper gives an insight into the process of developing the metamodel of OntoREM, an Ontology-driven Requirements Engineering Methodology, which is currently being developed at the University of the West of England in close cooperation with Airbus [1]. The approach suggested by Noy and McGuinness (2000) has been followed to build a first version of the metamodel of OntoREM as an ontology specified in OWL using Protégé-OWL [2]. The outcomes and shortcomings of applying this approach in the context of OntoREM have been assessed showing a major shift in the way that requirements engineering is practiced from process-driven to also knowledge-driven requirements engineering [1]. This, however, necessitates further empirical evaluation of the implementation of OntoREM.
Utility of the polymerase chain reaction in detection of gene expression in drug‐resistant human tumors (1989)

Abstract Recently, an enzymatic amplification method, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was modified to amplify a sequence of a drug resistance gene. The PCR assay can confirm data achieved by conventional molecular biology techniques, while requiring less time and fewer patient cells. It can be quantitated for gene expression. The data generated make it possible to analyze m‐RNA expression in tumor samples without being limited to detecting only gene amplification in response to cancer chemotherapy. The PCR assay can be an effective device in the early detection of resistance to chemotherapy.
Quantum-Inspired Genetic Programming Algorithm for the Crude Oil Scheduling of a Real-World Refinery (2020)

Refinery scheduling comprises a group of decisions that aims to optimize asset allocation, activity sequencing, and the time-related realization of those activities. This scheduling must achieve multiple objectives while considering different types of constraints. Uninterrupted processing unit operation, on-time crude oil batch receipts, and tank switchover minimization coexist in the everyday reasoning of a scheduler. However, it is not usual that works encompassing many operational aspects, such as multiple operational objectives, settling time, and an unlimited number of crudes, to blend in any tank. This article proposes a new algorithm that integrates linear and grammar-guided genetic programming concepts with a quantum-inspired approach to create programs that represent a crude oil refinery scheduling solution. The fitness function comprises four objectives that guide the evolution based on importance predefined by the decision maker. We propose a success ratio to evaluate the algorithm performance considering 50 runs for each case. A final solution is considered a success if two more important objectives are optimized. We assessed our approach with five different scenarios of a real refinery and three of them achieved a 100% success ratio.
Nano-sensitive optical coherence tomography (2014)

Depth resolved label-free detection of structural changes with nanoscale sensitivity is an outstanding problem in the biological and physical sciences and has significant applications in both the fundamental research and healthcare diagnostics arenas. Here we experimentally demonstrate a novel label-free depth resolved sensing technique based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect structural changes at the nanoscale. Structural components of the 3D object, spectrally encoded in the remitted light, are transformed from the Fourier domain into each voxel of the 3D OCT image without compromising sensitivity. Spatial distribution of the nanoscale structural changes in the depth direction is visualized in just a single OCT scan. This label free approach provides new possibilities for depth resolved study of pathogenic and physiologically relevant molecules in the body with high sensitivity and specificity. It offers a powerful opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Experimental results show the ability of the approach to differentiate structural changes of 30 nm in nanosphere aggregates, located at different depths, from a single OCT scan, and structural changes less than 30 nm in time from two OCT scans. Application for visualization of the structure of human skin in vivo is also demonstrated.
Organization of Biogenesis Genes for Aggregative Adherence Fimbria II Defines a Virulence Gene Cluster in Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

Several virulence-related genes have been described for prototype enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strain 042, which has been shown to cause diarrhea in human volunteers. Among these factors are the enterotoxins Pet and EAST and the fimbrial antigen aggregative adherence fimbria II (AAF/II), all of which are encoded on the 65-MDa virulence plasmid pAA2. Using nucleotide sequence analysis and insertional mutagenesis, we have found that the genes required for the expression of each of these factors, as well as the transcriptional activator of fimbrial expression AggR, map to a distinct cluster on the pAA2 plasmid map. The cluster is 23 kb in length and includes two regions required for expression of the AAF/II fimbria. These fimbrial biogenesis genes feature a unique organization in which the chaperone, subunit, and transcriptional activator lie in one cluster, whereas the second, unlinked cluster comprises a silent chaperone gene, usher, and invasin reminiscent of Dr family fimbrial clusters. This plasmid-borne virulence locus may represent an important set of virulence determinants in EAEC strains.
Efficient Synthesis of 2α-Glycoside of <i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic Acid via Phenylsulfenyl Chloride Adduct of 2-Deoxy-2,3-dehydro-<i>N</i>-acetylneuraminic Acid Methyl Ester Tetra-<i>O</i>-acetate (1988)

Abstract Phenylsulfenyl chloride adds to a 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid derivative to give predominantly the corresponding 2-chloro-3β-phenylthio derivative, which is an excellent glycosyl donor for the preparation of α-glycosides of sialic acid.
β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms and Response to Salbutamol Among Indian Asthmatics <sup>*</sup> (2005)

This study suggests that the SNP at nucleotide position 46 has particular relevance to pharmacogenetics in the Indian population studied.
Genomic structure of the human retinoblastoma-related Rb2/p130 gene. (1996)

The human Rb2/p130 gene shares many structural and functional features with the retinoblastoma gene and the retinoblastoma-related p107 gene. In the present study, we have cloned and partially sequenced the gene coding for the Rb2/p130 protein from human genomic libraries. The complete intron-exon organization of this gene has been elucidated. The gene contains 22 exons spanning over 50 kb of genomic DNA. The length of individual exons ranges from 65 to 1517 bp. The largest intron spans over 9 kb, and the smallest has only 82 bp. The 5' flanking region revealed a structural organization characteristic of promoters of "housekeeping" and growth control-related genes. A typical TATA or CAAT box is not present, but there are several GC boxes and potential binding sites for numerous transcription factors. This study provides the molecular basis for understanding the transcriptional control of the Rb2/p130 gene and for implementing a comprehensive Rb2/p130 mutation screen using genomic DNA as a template.
NTSC TV receiver performance with upper adjacent channel ATV interference (1996)

Interference effects in NTSC TV receivers in the presence of strong upper adjacent channel ATV signals are examined as affecting picture, chroma, and sound performance. The receiver's adjacent channel response determines the magnitude of the exhibited interference.
Automated Regional Citrate Anticoagulation: Technological Barriers and Possible Solutions (2010)

Using predictive Q(Ca) dosing and integrating control of the infusion pumps with the dialysis machine, SLED-RCA can be near-automated today to provide a user-friendly and safe system.
Tunable metamaterial structures for controlling THz radiation (2013)

A variety of different metamaterial-based structures have been designed and simulated. The structures presented are promising candidates for controlling electromagnetic radiation of THz frequencies. The structures are able to be tuned by means of electrical or optical control. The metamaterial-based THz structures can behave as band-pass, low-pass, band-stop filters, attenuators and switches.
Thrombolysis with Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Tpa) Alone has been A Longstanding Mistake (2020)

Current thrombolytic therapy consists of high dose tPA administered iv for 60-90 minutes. This treatment has had only limited success in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [1-3], and consequently has more recently been replaced by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the treatment of choice in AMI [4]. Although PCI is time-consuming and delays coronary reperfusion, better clinical outcomes than with tPA were nevertheless obtained [5]. In the treatment of ischemic stroke, a tPA dose reduction was required due to a 20% intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) incidence when the AMI dose was used [6].
Current-based algorithm for mechanical fault detection in induction motors with arbitrary load conditions (2004)

Mechanical faults in induction motors can be detected by monitoring specific components in the stator current frequency spectrum. Previous work tested some mechanical conditions for the cases of no-load and full-load conditions in small induction motors, assuming that the effect of load on the detection scheme between these two conditions is linear. This paper presents an algorithm for detecting mechanical conditions in induction motors under any load condition using spectral analysis of the stator current. The proposed algorithm takes into account the load related abnormalities and resonance by classifying the load-levels into bins and calculating a baseline for each load bin.
Multi-quantum well laser emitting at 1. 5. mu. M layers (1986)

This patent describes semiconductor heterostructure laser structure comprising first and second wide band gap confining layers; and an active region between the first and second wide band gap confining layers, the active region comprising a plurality of well layers comprising at least one semiconductor selected from the group consisting of GaInAs and GaAsSb interleaved with a plurality of barrier layers, the well layers having a thickness less than 150 Angstroms.
An Interlaboratory Evaluation of Drift Tube Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry Collision Cross Section Measurements (2017)

Collision cross section (CCS) measurements resulting from ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) experiments provide a promising orthogonal dimension of structural information in MS-based analytical separations. As with any molecular identifier, interlaboratory standardization must precede broad range integration into analytical workflows. In this study, we present a reference drift tube ion mobility mass spectrometer (DTIM-MS) where improvements on the measurement accuracy of experimental parameters influencing IM separations provide standardized drift tube, nitrogen CCS values (<sup>DT</sup>CCS<sub>N2</sub>) for over 120 unique ion species with the lowest measurement uncertainty to date. The reproducibility of these <sup>DT</sup>CCS<sub>N2</sub> values are evaluated across three additional laboratories on a commercially available DTIM-MS instrument. The traditional stepped field CCS method performs with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.29% for all ion species across the three additional laboratories. The calibrated single field CCS method, which is compatible with a wide range of chromatographic inlet systems, performs with an average, absolute bias of 0.54% to the standardized stepped field <sup>DT</sup>CCS<sub>N2</sub> values on the reference system. The low RSD and biases observed in this interlaboratory study illustrate the potential of DTIM-MS for providing a molecular identifier for a broad range of discovery based analyses.
Distal Radius Fracture Fixation with an Intramedullary Nail (2005)

The purpose of this article is to describe a novel technique and implant system for fixation of unstable (Arbeitsgemeinschat fur Osteosynthesesfragen Types A and B) distal radius fractures. Currently the most common complications directly related to distal radius plate fixation includes tenosynovitis, tendon attrition, and rupture, often necessitating hardware removal. With the advent of this new device, a decrease in soft tissue complication is expected. The implant utilizes the principles of load sharing, subchondral screw divergence, and locked fixed-angle fixation. It is inserted through a small skin incision at the radial styloid and does not further devascularize the fracture fragments. The limited surgical dissection and rigid fracture fixation allow for minimal postoperative immobilization and an early return of function. The authors believe that this system is a valuable addition to the arsenal of distal radius fracture treatment options and can quickly get patients back on the road of recovery.
Combining stochastic average gradient and Hessian-free optimization for sequence training of deep neural networks (2013)

Minimum phone error (MPE) training of deep neural networks (DNN) is an effective technique for reducing word error rate of automatic speech recognition tasks. This training is often carried out using a Hessian-free (HF) quasi-Newton approach, although other methods such as stochastic gradient descent have also been applied successfully. In this paper we present a novel stochastic approach to HF sequence training inspired by recently proposed stochastic average gradient (SAG) method. SAG reuses gradient information from past updates, and consequently simulates the presence of more training data than is really observed for each model update. We extend SAG by dynamically weighting the contribution of previous gradients, and by combining it to a stochastic HF optimization. We term the resulting procedure DSAG-HF. Experimental results for training DNNs on 1500h of audio data show that compared to baseline HF training, DSAG-HF leads to better held-out MPE loss after each model parameter update, and converges to an overall better loss value. Furthermore, since each update in DSAG-HF takes place over smaller amount of data, this procedure converges in about half the time as baseline HF sequence training.
Large Chip High Power Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes (2010)

Large Chip High Power Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes, Shatalov, Max, Sun, Wenhong, Bilenko, Yuri, Sattu, Ajay, Hu, Xuhong, Deng, Jianyu, Yang, Jinwei, Shur, Michael, Moe, Craig, Wraback, Michael, Gaska, Remis
Tougher glasses for eye-safe lasers (2015)

Phosphate glasses are known to produce high gain for the Er3<sup>+</sup> emission into 1540nm, especially when sensitized with Yb. Unfortunately, the phosphate glass matrix tends to be weaker than other available amorphous materials. Being that glasses are engineerable, a study was initiated in order to strengthen the glass structure of a commercially available phosphate laser glass without impacting its laser output efficiencies. Secondly, we seek to understand the impact of the various glass modifiers that drive thermal shock resistance of phosphate glasses on the Er emission manifolds. This report details a number of compositions that were designed, melted and analyzed for properties. Laser output performance results for the glasses that met the targeted parameters are presented.
Polymer electrolytes integrated with ionic liquids for future electrochemical devices (2013)

Abstract The global energy crisis and an increase in environmental pollution in the recent years have drawn the attention of the scientific community towards the development of efficient electrochemical devices. Polymers containing charged species have the potential to serve as electrolytes in next‐generation devices and achieving high ion transport properties in these electrolytes is the key to improving their efficiency. In this article, we explore ways to improve the ion transport properties of solid polymer electrolytes by focusing on the use of ionic liquids (ILs). The application of IL‐incorporated polymer electrolytes in lithium batteries, high temperature fuel cells, and electro‐active actuators is summarized. For each system, the current level of understanding of the diverse factors affecting the transport properties of polymer electrolytes integrated with ILs is presented, in addition to the challenges encountered and strategies toward obtaining significantly improved device performances. The creation of self‐assembled morphologies in IL‐containing polymer electrolytes by the use of block copolymers is particularly highlighted as a novel prospective technique geared towards obtaining next‐generation electrochemical devices with enhanced performances. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Rotary transfer subsystems and tensioning assemblies for a vessel. [Transfer from marine riser to rotatable interface to shift] (1984)

A rotary transfer subsystem is described for transferring production fluids, electrical power, hydraulic power, and control signals across a rotating interface between an offshore vessel and a flowline bundle of service hoses and high-pressure hoses which are connected to a deepwater production riser system. Tensioning devices are also described for maintaining a selected tension on terminal hoses between the interface and the vessel while the vessel weathervanes during maintenance of position in a watch circle above the riser system. The subsystem and the tensioning devices are mounted on the vessel which is equipped with a powered turret within a circular moonpool and is capable of performing most subsea service functions on the riser system without major equipment support. The subsystem and the tensioning devices, in combination, comprise a column assembly which is attached to the turret and supports horizontal loops of terminal hoses; a multi-passage swivel for accommodating a portion of the terminal hoses containing gas; a tower for selectively tensioning these hoses and for connecting them to production piping; a traveling sheave and drive mechanism which supports horizontal loops of the remaining hoses while maintaining tension on them and adjusting their lengths, between connections to storage facilities in themore » vessel and to the column assembly, while the column assembly remains rotatably stationary with respect to the flowline bundle during weathervaning of the vessel through at least 270/sup 0/; and hose support trays for supporting horizontal spans of all hoses between the tower and the column and between the column and the traveling sheave.« less
Tuning the polarization-induced free hole density in nanowires graded from GaN to AlN (2015)

We report a systematic study of p-type polarization-induced doping in graded AlGaN nanowire light emitting diodes grown on silicon wafers by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The composition gradient in the p-type base is varied in a set of samples from 0.7%Al/nm to 4.95%Al/nm corresponding to negative bound polarization charge densities of 2.2 × 1018 cm−3 to 1.6 × 1019 cm−3. Capacitance measurements and energy band modeling reveal that for gradients greater than or equal to 1.30%Al/nm, the deep donor concentration is negligible and free hole concentrations roughly equal to the bound polarization charge density are achieved up to 1.6 × 1019 cm−3 at a gradient of 4.95%Al/nm. Accurate grading lengths in the p- and n-side of the pn-junction are extracted from scanning transmission electron microscopy images and are used to support energy band calculation and capacitance modeling. These results demonstrate the robust nature of p-type polarization doping in nanowires and put an upper bound on the magnitude of deep donor compensation.
Incorporating QM and solvation into docking for applications to GPCR targets (2016)

A great number of GPCR crystal structures have been solved in recent years, enabling GPCR-targeted drug discovery using structure-based approaches such as docking. GPCRs generally have wide and open entrances to the binding sites, which render the binding sites readily accessible to solvent. GPCRs are also populated with hydrophilic residues in the extracellular regions. Thus, including solvent and polarization effects can be important for accurate GPCR docking. To test this hypothesis, a new docking protocol which incorporates quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations along with an implicit solvent model is developed. The new docking method treats the ligands and the protein residues in the binding sites as QM regions and performs QM/MM calculations with implicit solvent. The results of a test on all solved GPCR cocrystals show a significant improvement over the conventional docking method.
Method For Enhanced Gas Monitoring In High Density Flow Streams (2005)

A method for conducting laser absorption measurements in high temperature process streams having high levels of particulate matter is disclosed. An impinger is positioned substantially parallel to a laser beam propagation path and at upstream position relative to the laser beam. Beam shielding pipes shield the beam from the surrounding environment. Measurement is conducted only in the gap between the two shielding pipes where the beam propagates through the process gas. The impinger facilitates reduced particle presence in the measurement beam, resulting in improved SNR (signal-to-noise) and improved sensitivity and dynamic range of the measurement.
Three‐dimensional through‐time radial GRAPPA for renal MR angiography (2014)

3D through-time radial GRAPPA can be used to successfully reconstruct highly accelerated non-Cartesian data. By using in-plane radial undersampling, a trMRA can be acquired with a temporal footprint less than 4s/frame with a spatial resolution of approximately 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 3 mm.