gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal and calcification artifact reduction for digital breast tomosynthesis (2017)

Tomosynthesis images of the breast suffer from artifacts caused by the presence of highly absorbing materials. These can be either induced by metal objects like needles or clips inserted during biopsy devices, or larger calcifications inside the examined breast. Mainly two different kinds of artifacts appear after the filtered backprojection procedure. The first type is undershooting artifacts near edges of high-contrast objects caused by the filtering step. The second type is out-of-plane (ripple) artifacts that appear even in slices where the metal object or macrocalcifications does not exist. Due to the limited angular range of tomosynthesis systems, overlapping structures have high influence on neighboring regions. To overcome these problems, a segmentation of artifact introducing objects is performed on the projection images. Both projection versions, with and without high-contrast objects are filtered independently to avoid undershootings. During backprojection a decision is made for each reconstructed voxel, if it is artifact or high-contrast object. This is based on a mask image, gained from the segmentation of high-contrast objects. This procedure avoids undershooting artifacts and additionally reduces out-of-plane ripple. Results are demonstrated for different kinds of artifact inducing objects and calcifications.
Comparison of photothermal and piezoacoustic excitation methods for frequency and phase modulation atomic force microscopy in liquid environments (2011)

In attempting to perform frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in liquids, a non-flat phase transfer function in the self-excitation system prevents proper tracking of the cantilever natural frequency. This results in frequency-and-phase modulation atomic force microscopy (FPM-AFM) which lies in between phase modulation atomic force microscopy (PM-AFM) and FM-AFM. We derive the theory necessary to recover the conservative force and damping in such a situation, where standard FM-AFM theory no longer applies. Although our recovery procedure applies to all cantilever excitation methods in principle, its practical implementation may be difficult, or even impossible, if the cantilever is driven piezoacoustically. Specifically, we contrast the piezoacoustic excitation method to the photothermal method in the context of force spectroscopy of hydration structures at the mica-water interface. The results clearly demonstrate that photothermal excitation is superior to piezoacoustic excitation, as it allows for accurate quantitative interpretation of the acquired data.
Prolapsed double-canted bipolar left ventricular lead for pacing the left atrium via the coronary sinus: experience in 11 patients (2011)

Prolapse of a commercially available double-canted bipolar passive fixation lead eliminates lead dislodgment and improves thresholds providing a means for permanent pacing of the LA from the mid to distal CS and provides the design principles for a dedicated lead.
Radially Layered Poly(amidoamine-organosilicon) Copolymeric Dendrimers and Their Networks Containing Controlled Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Nanoscopic Domains (2000)

A new family of rare, radially layered copolymeric dendrimers is described. These dendrimers are comprised of hydrophilic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) interiors and hydrophobic (oleophilic) organosilicon (OS) exteriors and may be viewed as globular, amphiphilic, "covalently bonded inverted micelles". While derivatives of these dendrimers with trimethylsilyl- terminal groups show quite unusual surface properties, the methoxysilyl- substituted homologues are excellent precursors for the first tractable dendrimer-based networks that can be prepared as elastomers, plastomers or coatings on various substrates. Because of their unique composition comprising interconnected nanoscopic hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, these dendrimer-based networks show highly unusual properties which include permselectivity and the ability to encapsulate various inorganic or organic electrophiles. These properties lead to exciting application possibilities, such as "molecular sponges", nanoscopic "reactors" or inorganic-organic nano-composites.
Downloadable Algorithm to Reduce Inappropriate Shocks Caused by Fractures of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Leads (2008)

A lead-integrity algorithm developed for download into existing implantable cardioverter-defibrillators increases short-term warning of inappropriate shocks in patients with lead fractures and reduces the likelihood of inappropriate shocks. It is the first downloadable RAMware to enhance the performance of nominally functioning implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and the first implantable cardioverter-defibrillator monitoring feature that triggers real-time changes in ventricular fibrillation detection parameters to reduce inappropriate shocks.
The T box and S box transcription termination control systems (2003)

The T box and S box transcription termination control systems are widely used for control of gene expression in Gram-positive bacteria, but are rare in Gram-negative organisms. Both of these systems can be recognized in genomic data because of high conservation of primary sequence and structural elements. The T box system regulates a variety of amino acid-related genes, while the S box system is dedicated to genes involved in methionine metabolism. While both systems involve gene regulation at the level of premature termination of transcription, the molecular mechanisms employed are very different. In the T box system, expression is induced by stabilization of an antiterminator structure in the leader by interaction with the cognate uncharged tRNA; this prevents formation of the competing terminator helix, allowing synthesis of the full-length mRNA. Disruption of conserved leader features results in loss of readthrough. In the S box system, the antiterminator form of the leader is the more stable form. A competing anti-antiterminator must be stabilized by an unknown factor during growth in methionine to prevent formation of the antiterminator, thereby allowing formation of the terminator helix. Disruption of conserved leader elements results in constitutive expression.
Relationship of cell-free urine MicroRNA with lupus nephritis in children (2016)

Levels of cell-free miR-125a, miR-150, and miR-155 in the urine supernatant are associated with the expression of LN-Panel biomarkers and some LN measures. These miRNA's may complement, but are unlikely superior to the LN-Panel for estimating concurrent LN activity.
Kinematical properties of migrated images: A guide for prestack interpretation (1994)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994Kinematical properties of migrated images: A guide for prestack interpretationAuthors: Irina Apostoiu‐MarinAndreas EhingerPatrick LaillyIrina Apostoiu‐MarinZnstitut Français du Pétrole, Andreas EhingerZnstitut Français du Pétrole, and Patrick LaillyZnstitut Français du Pétrolehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822753 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822753FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1994 Pages: 1679 publication data© 1994 Copyright © 1994 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Irina Apostoiu‐Marin, Andreas Ehinger, and Patrick Lailly, (1994), "Kinematical properties of migrated images: A guide for prestack interpretation," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1258-1261. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822753 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Low TCR Nanocomposite Strain Gage for High Temperature Aerospace Applications (2007)

Ceramic strain gages are being developed to monitor the structural integrity of gas turbine engine components employed in aerospace propulsion and power generation systems. Specifically, ceramic thin film strain gages based on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and refractory metal (Pt, W, Ni, NiCoCrAlY) nanocomposites were investigated to achieve very low TRC's in the active strain element. Nanocomposite sensor elements were prepared from a number of ITO/Pt combinatorial libraries by co-sputtering onto alumina substrates placed in between ITO and Pt sputtering targets. Temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) measurements of the resulting nanocomposites were made by thermally cycling the strain sensors from room temperature to 1000degC and measuring the piezoresistive response from room temperature to 1200degC at strain levels up to 1000 muepsiv. The chemical composition of the most promising combinatorial libraries was analyzed by EDS /SEM. Preliminary results indicated that a near zero TCR could be achieved over an extended temperature range in nanocomposite strain sensors containing less than 10% ITO. Even though EDS revealed that the bulk of the nanocomposite strain sensor was platinum, a relatively large gage factor (~26.0) and low drift rate (0.018%/hr) were realized with the nanocomposite. Based on these results, other combinatorial libraries employing ITO-refractory metal nanocomposites including ITO-W, ITO-Ni and ITO-NiCoCrAlY were investigated for high temperature strain gage applications. These combinations did not perform as well as ITO-Pt in terms of TCR and piezoresistive response when compared to those established for the ITO-Pt nanocomposite gages.
Modeling and detection of quasi-static nanotesla magnetic field variations using magnetoelectric laminate sensors (2007)

Laminated composites of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers have been developed for their magnetoelectric (ME) product tensor properties. In spite of the considerable progress in materials aspects, little attention has been given to ME laminate incorporation into a detection technology. Here, we present a ME technology including the laminate equivalent model, detection circuitry consideration and noise mitigation for ME laminate sensors operated at quasi-static (⩽10 Hz) frequencies. We then constructed a passive magnetic field prototype sensor unit and detected a 2.6 nanotesla magnetic signal at 1 Hz frequency.
Pretreating non-wood lignocellulosic material (e.g. bagasse) to produce ethanol, comprises adding organic acid or organic acid-producing bacteria to lignocellulosic material, and storing and heating the organic acid-impregnated material (2012)

NOVELTY - Pretreating non-wood lignocellulosic material containing less than 5 wt.% starch or sugar for producing ethanol from lignocellulose, comprises: (a) adding organic acid or organic acid-producing bacteria to the lignocellulosic material; (b) storing the lignocellulosic material in presence of organic acid for at least 2 weeks in an atmosphere of less than 5% oxygen to obtain organic acid-impregnated material; and (c) heating the organic acid-impregnated material at a temperature of at least 190 degrees C for at least 5 minutes to obtain pretreated lignocellulosic material. USE - The method is useful for pretreating non-wood lignocellulosic material to produce ethanol, where the non-wood lignocellulosic material is bagasse (preferably sugar cane bagasse or sweet Sorghum bagasse), sugar cane trash, wheat straw, rice straw, Sorghum species, Arundo, Miscanthus or agricultural residues (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The method: avoids the need of inorganic acid or base (sulfur dioxide), and utilizes containers which are less corrosion resistant, hence economical; has higher net energy gain; utilizes organic acid which is biodegradable, and produces degradation products (e.g. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural which acts as inhibitory substances in the subsequent fermentation process), thus environmentally friendly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Pretreating non-wood lignocellulosic material containing less than 5 wt.% starch or sugar for producing ethanol from lignocellulose, comprises: (a) adding organic acid or organic acid-producing bacteria to the lignocellulosic material; (b) storing the lignocellulosic material in the presence of organic acid for at least 2 weeks in an atmosphere of less than 5% oxygen to obtain organic acid-impregnated material; and (c) heating the organic acid-impregnated material at a temperature of at least 190 degrees C for a period of at least 5 minutes to obtain pretreated lignocellulosic material, where no inorganic acid or base including sulfur dioxide is added in the method.
Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence line-scan imaging system for online detection of fecal contamination on apples (2006)

We have developed nondestructive opto-electronic imaging techniques for rapid assessment of safety and wholesomeness of foods. A recently developed fast hyperspectral line-scan imaging system integrated with a commercial apple-sorting machine was evaluated for rapid detection of animal feces matter on apples. Apples obtained from a local orchard were artificially contaminated with cow feces. For the online trial, hyperspectral images with 60 spectral channels, reflectance in the visible to near infrared regions and fluorescence emissions with UV-A excitation, were acquired from apples moving at a processing sorting-line speed of three apples per second. Reflectance and fluorescence imaging required a passive light source, and each method used independent continuous wave (CW) light sources. In this paper, integration of the hyperspectral imaging system with the commercial applesorting machine and preliminary results for detection of fecal contamination on apples, mainly based on the fluorescence method, are presented.
A high sensitive roll angle interferometer (2013)

A roll angle interferometer with high sensitivity is designed in this paper. Two sets of centrosymmetric beams are used to travel through the measurement and reference arms of the roll angle interferometer which contains two specific optical devices: wedge prism assembly and wedge mirror assembly. The optical path change in both arms caused by roll is converted into phase shift which can be measured by interferometer. Because of the adoption of the centrosymmetric measurement structure, the straightness errors, yaw error and pitch error can be avoided and the dead path is minimized, so that the stability and the accuracy of the measurement can be greatly enhanced. The resolution for the roll measurement is about 0.006″ with the measurement range of ±1°.
X-Ray Psoralen Activated Cancer Therapy (X-PACT) (2016)

This work investigates X-PACT (X-ray Psoralen Activated Cancer Therapy): a new approach for the treatment of solid cancer. X-PACT utilizes psoralen, a potent anti-cancer therapeutic with current application to proliferative disease and extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) of cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. An immunogenic role for light-activated psoralen has been reported, contributing to long-term clinical responses. Psoralen therapies have to-date been limited to superficial or extracorporeal scenarios due to the requirement for psoralen activation by UVA light, which has limited penetration in tissue. X-PACT solves this challenge by activating psoralen with UV light emitted from novel non-tethered phosphors (co-incubated with psoralen) that absorb x-rays and re-radiate (phosphoresce) at UV wavelengths. The efficacy of X-PACT was evaluated in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings. In-vitro studies utilized breast (4T1), glioma (CT2A) and sarcoma (KP-B) cell lines. Cells were exposed to X-PACT treatments where the concentrations of drug (psoralen and phosphor) and radiation parameters (energy, dose, and dose rate) were varied. Efficacy was evaluated primarily using flow cell cytometry in combination with complimentary assays, and the in-vivo mouse study. In an in-vitro study, we show that X-PACT induces significant tumor cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity, unlike psoralen or phosphor alone (p<0.0001). We also show that apoptosis increases as doses of phosphor, psoralen, or radiation increase. Finally, in an in-vivo pilot study of BALBc mice with syngeneic 4T1 tumors, we show that the rate of tumor growth is slower with X-PACT than with saline or AMT + X-ray (p<0.0001). Overall these studies demonstrate a potential therapeutic effect for X-PACT, and provide a foundation and rationale for future studies. In summary, X-PACT represents a novel treatment approach in which well-tolerated low doses of x-ray radiation are delivered to a specific tumor site to generate UVA light which in-turn unleashes both short- and potentially long-term antitumor activity of photo-active therapeutics like psoralen.
Species Diagnosis and <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Resistance Monitoring of <I>Heliothis virescens</I> and <I>Helicoverpa zea</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Field Strains from the Southern United States Using Feeding Disruption Bioassays (2001)

Validation of a feeding disruption bioassay for the detection of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin and species identification is reported using field strains of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea collected from the southern United States in 1998. Feeding disruption is measured by a lack of fecal production from larvae exposed to a diagnostic concentration of CryIAc in a blue indicator diet. The bioassay provided rapid (24 h) diagnosis of the species composition of larvae tested and also monitored for the presence of resistance in H. virescens. An additional diagnostic concentration was established for monitoring resistance in H. zea. A probit model was used to compare the fecal production responses of insect strains over a range of CryIAc doses. Probability calculations, derived from our assay results, are also presented to aid in the interpretation of future results from field trials. Integration of the feeding disruption bioassay into integrated pest management programs is discussed.
Dual contrast GRASE (gradient‐spin echo) imaging using mixed bandwidth (1994)

Equal time spacing of RF pulses in the CPMG sequence imposes a constraint of equal signal read periods in spin-echo train imaging. GRASE imaging differs by using multiple read gradients in each pi-pi time interval, which are not constrained to be equal in number or duration. This additional degree of freedom is developed in dual contrast imaging. Closely spaced read periods are used for the PDW image to reduce T2 decay effects, while fewer low-bandwidth read periods in each of several pi-pi intervals are used to raise the signal-to-noise ratio and avoid signal averaging in the T2-weighted image.
<i>S</i> -nitrosothiol repletion by an inhaled gas regulates pulmonary function (2001)

NO synthases are widely distributed in the lung and are extensively involved in the control of airway and vascular homeostasis. It is recognized, however, that the O(2)-rich environment of the lung may predispose NO toward toxicity. These Janus faces of NO are manifest in recent clinical trials with inhaled NO gas, which has shown therapeutic benefit in some patient populations but increased morbidity in others. In the airways and circulation of humans, most NO bioactivity is packaged in the form of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), which are relatively resistant to toxic reactions with O(2)/O(2)(-). This finding has led to the proposition that channeling of NO into SNOs may provide a natural defense against lung toxicity. The means to selectively manipulate the SNO pool, however, has not been previously possible. Here we report on a gas, O-nitrosoethanol (ENO), which does not react with O(2) or release NO and which markedly increases the concentration of indigenous species of SNO within airway lining fluid. Inhalation of ENO provided immediate relief from hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction without affecting systemic hemodynamics. Further, in a porcine model of lung injury, there was no rebound in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics or fall in oxygenation on stopping the drug (as seen with NO gas), and additionally ENO protected against a decline in cardiac output. Our data suggest that SNOs within the lung serve in matching ventilation to perfusion, and can be manipulated for therapeutic gain. Thus, ENO may be of particular benefit to patients with pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, and/or right heart failure, and may offer a new therapeutic approach in disorders such as asthma and cystic fibrosis, where the airways may be depleted of SNOs.
Synthesis of (+)-Pancratistatins via Catalytic Desymmetrization of Benzene (2017)

A concise synthesis of (+)-pancratistatin and (+)-7-deoxypancratistatin from benzene using an enantioselective, dearomative carboamination strategy has been achieved. This approach, in combination with the judicious choice of subsequent olefin-type difunctionalization reactions, permits rapid and controlled access to a hexasubstituted core. Finally, minimal use of intermediary steps as well as direct, late stage C-7 hydroxylation provides both natural products in six and seven operations.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Virulent <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> Strains from Catfish Aquaculture (2016)

Since 2009, a clonal group of virulent Aeromonas hydrophila strains has been causing severe disease in the catfish aquaculture industry in the southeastern United States. Here, we report draft genomes of four A. hydrophila isolates from catfish aquaculture that represent this clonal group.
Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Bordetella spp. Infections (2019)

Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, so many co-evolved organisms utilize immunomodulatory tools to subvert, distract, and/or evade the host immune response. <i>Bordetella</i> spp. present many examples of the diversity of immunomodulators and an exceptional experimental system in which to study them. Recent advances in this experimental system suggest strategies for interventions that tweak immunity to disrupt bacterial immunomodulation, engaging more effective host immunity to better prevent and treat infections. Here we review advances in the understanding of respiratory pathogens, with special focus on <i>Bordetella</i> spp., and prospects for the use of immune-stimulatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of infection.
Cell-selective activity of rhodium metalloinsertors correlates with subcellular localization (2013)

Deficiencies in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway have been assocd. with various cancers, and many commonly used\nchemotherapeutics have decreased effectiveness against MMR-deficient cancers. There is consequently a need for\nchemotherapies that selectively target MMR-deficient cancer cells. Research in our lab. has uncovered a class of compds.,\nrhodium metalloinsertors, that selectively binds to DNA mismatches with high affinity and specificity. These rhodium\nmetalloinsertors bear an expansive arom. chrysi ligand (chrysi= chrysene-5,6-quinonediimine) which, upon mismatch binding,\ninserts into the DNA duplex from the minor groove and ejects the mismatched bases. These metalloinsertors exhibit selective\ncytotoxicity, preferentially inducing necrosis in MMR-deficient cells over MMR-proficient cells. They have been found to localize\nin the nuclei of MMR-deficient cells at concns. sufficient for mismatch detection, and their ability to selectively target MMRdeficient\ncells has been shown to be contingent upon low mitochondrial rhodium accumulation.